gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of Mouse and Human Primitive Hematopoiesis by Murine Embryonic Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros–Derived Stromal Cell Lines (1998)

We report here on a novel stromal cell line, AGM-S3, derived from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region of a 10.5 days postcoitum (dpc) mouse embryo. The AGM-S3 cells promoted production of hematopoietic progenitors and day-12 spleen colony-forming cells from Lin-c-Kit+Sca-1(+) murine primitive hematopoietic cells. They also supported for 6 weeks generation of human multipotential progenitors from cord blood CD34(+)CD38(-) primitive hematopoietic cells. Human long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LTR-HSC) with the potential to reconstitute hematopoiesis in NOD/SCID mice were maintained on AGM-S3 cells for at least 4 weeks. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD13, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and Sca-1 were expressed on AGM-S3 cells. Because stem cell factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and oncostatin M, but not IL-3, IL-11, leukemia- inhibitory factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, thrombopoietin, and Flk2 ligand were detected in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of AGM-S3 cells, the cells seem to express species-cross reactive molecule(s) other than the cytokines examined and which act on primitive hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells. This cell line is expected to elucidate molecular mechanisms regulating early hematopoiesis and pave the way for developing strategies for expansion of human transplantable HSC.
Correlates of Problematic Mobile Phone Use among Korean College Students (2016)

The purpose of this study was to explore correlates of problematic mobile phone use among Korean college students. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted. A sample size of 122 male and 106 female students residing in Jeollaman-do province completed the instruments of problematic mobile phone use, depressive symptoms, anxiety, interpersonal relationship, and alcohol drinking. Data was analyzed by multiple logistic regressions. Approximately 17% of college students reported problematic mobile phone use, and female (25%) were more likely to report problematic mobile phone use compared with male (9%). Depressive symptoms, interpersonal relationship, alcohol use, and female were significantly associated with problematic mobile phone use after controlling for other covariates. We call for special effort on early detection and monitoring of problematic mobile phone use among college students. In addition, specific strategies focused on psychological approach for problematic mobile phone use should be developed. (Korean J Str Res 2016;24:13∼22)
The emetic and anti‐emetic effects of the capsaicin analogue resiniferatoxin in <i>Suncus murinus</i>, the house musk shrew (2000)

1. In SUNCUS: murinus the ultrapotent capsaicin analogue resiniferatoxin (RTX) induced an emetic response in the dose range 1 - 1000 microg kg(-1), s.c. The latency was inversely related to dose and ranged from 41.2+/-4.4 min. (1 microg kg(-1), s.c.) to 2.7+/-0.6 min. (1000 microg kg(-1), s.c.). 2. The emetic response to RTX (10 or 100 microg kg(-1), s.c.) was blocked or markedly reduced by pre-treatment with RTX (100 microg kg(-1), s.c.), 8-OH-DPAT (100 microg kg(-1), s.c.), morphine (2 mg kg(-1), s.c.), neonatal capsaicin (100 mg kg(-1), s.c.) and the NK(1) receptor antagonist CP-99,994 (10 - 20 mg kg(-1), s.c.) but not by the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist tropisetron (200 microg kg(-1), s.c.). 3. RTX (100 microg kg(-1), s.c.) induced c-fos-like immunoreactivity in the area postrema and parts of the nucleus tractus solitarius. This pattern is consistent with the proposal that the emetic effect is mediated via one or both of these structures and an involvement of substance P is discussed. 4. RTX (10 and 100 microg kg(-1), s.c.) had broad-spectrum antiemetic effects in Suncus as indicated by its ability to block or markedly reduce the emetic response to motion (1 Hz, 4 cm lateral, 10 min.), cisplatin (20 mg kg(-1), i.p.), intragastric copper sulphate (40 mg kg(-1), p.o.), nicotine (10 mg kg(-1), s.c.) and RTX (100 microg kg(-1), s.c.) itself. 5. It is proposed that the site of the anti-emetic effect is in the nucleus tractus solitarius and mechanisms involving the modulation of substance P release are discussed. 6. The general utility of SUNCUS: for investigations of vanilloid receptors is reviewed in the light of the exquisite sensitivity of the emetic reflex in this species to resiniferatoxin.
607. Researches on acetylenic compounds. Part XL. The synthesis of some ω-acetylenic acids (1953)

G. Eglinton and M. C. Whiting, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 3052 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530003052
Cytokine- and costimulation-mediated therapy of IDDM. (1997)

T cells from NOD mice display an age-dependent, TCR-inducible proliferative hyporesponsiveness that may be causal to IDDM. Exogenous IL-4 completely restores this hyporesponsiveness in vitro and prevents IDDM in vivo when administered to NOD mice. We therefore tested the hypothesis that stimulation of a Th2 response by either IL-4 or CD28 costimulation may block progression to IDDM. Low-dose IL-4 treatment beginning at 2 weeks of age (pre-insulitis) protects NOD mice from insulitis, sialitis, and thyroiditis, indicating that IL-4 modulates T cell migration to these inflammatory sites. Cytokine secretion profiles of stimulated T cells and assays of intrapancreatic cytokine concentrations revealed that IL-4 treatment prevents IDDM by stabilizing a protective Th2-mediated environment in the thymus, spleen, and pancreatic islets. Whereas treatment of NOD mice with an anti-CD28 mAb between 2 to 4 weeks of age inhibits destructive insulitis and protects against IDDM by enhancing IL-4 production by T cells, anti-CD28 treatment between 5 to 7 weeks of age does not prevent IDDM. Simultaneous anti-IL-4 treatment abrogates the protective effect conferred by anti-CD28 treatment. Our data demonstrate that stimulation of a Th2-cell-enriched environment in the pancreas during the inductive phase of disease development blocks progression to IDDM in NOD mice.
A possibility of crystalline Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (2013)

Crystalline IGZO thin films were first used in consumer products successfully by a joint development with Sharp Corporation. The crystalline IGZO thin films have a CAAC (C-axis Aligned Crystal) structure, a novel crystalline structure without clear grain boundaries. We examined the mechanism of formation of the structure on a given surface and fabricated TFTs using CAAC-IGZO. We examined their characteristics and found that the TFTs had little variation in characteristic and high reliability even with a short channel length L. Application of CAAC-IGZO to various LSIs is expected.
CS-ToF: High-resolution compressive time-of-flight imaging (2017)

Three-dimensional imaging using Time-of-flight (ToF) sensors is rapidly gaining widespread adoption in many applications due to their cost effectiveness, simplicity, and compact size. However, the current generation of ToF cameras suffers from low spatial resolution due to physical fabrication limitations. In this paper, we propose CS-ToF, an imaging architecture to achieve high spatial resolution ToF imaging via optical multiplexing and compressive sensing. Our approach is based on the observation that, while depth is non-linearly related to ToF pixel measurements, a phasor representation of captured images results in a linear image formation model. We utilize this property to develop a CS-based technique that is used to recover high resolution 3D images. Based on the proposed architecture, we developed a prototype 1-megapixel compressive ToF camera that achieves as much as 4× improvement in spatial resolution and 3× improvement for natural scenes. We believe that our proposed CS-ToF architecture provides a simple and low-cost solution to improve the spatial resolution of ToF and related sensors.
CSA-BF: a constrained switched adaptive beamformer for speech enhancement and recognition in real car environments (2003)

While a number of studies have investigated various speech enhancement and processing schemes for in-vehicle speech systems, little research has been performed using actual voice data collected in noisy car environments. In this paper, we propose a new constrained switched adaptive beamforming algorithm (CSA-BF) for speech enhancement and recognition in real moving car environments. The proposed algorithm consists of a speech/noise constraint section, a speech adaptive beamformer, and a noise adaptive beamformer. We investigate CSA-BF performance with a comparison to classic delay-and-sum beamforming (DASB) in realistic car conditions using a corpus of data recorded in various car noise environments from across the U.S. After analyzing the experimental results and considering the range of complex noise situations in the car environment using the CU-Move corpus, we formulate the three specific processing stages of the CSA-BF algorithm. This method is evaluated and shown to simultaneously decrease word-error-rate (WER) for speech recognition by up to 31% and improve speech quality via the SEGSNR measure by up to +5.5 dB on the average.
The Escherichia Haemolysin transporter - a paradigm for Type I secretion (2009)

The haemolysin export system of Escherichia coli is comprised of HlyB (an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter), the membrane fusion protein HlyD, and the outer membrane channel TolC. It transports the 108 kDa toxin HlyA in a single step across the inner and outer membrane and constitutes the paradigm for Type I secretion. Knowledge of the detailed mechanism of the ATPase reaction, which is the basis of transport in any particular ABC transporter is of main mechanistic interest. In this work the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) of HlyB was used to characterise the hydrolysis of the nucleotide. Nucleotide binding to the NBD was extensively characterized by fluorescence methods. An environmental sensitive mutant was generated to measure nucleotide binding. Quenching this amino acid allowed the determination of the affinity constants for nucleotides. Using Trinitrophenol(TNP)-derivatised nucleotides the data obtained for the mutant could be verified for the wildtype HlyB-NBD through competition experiments. Since TNP derivatised nucleotides exhibited a 50-100 fold higher affinity, the binding mode was characterized further by mutational and structural analysis showing that the increase of affinity is caused by flexible water-mediated interactions. To address the reaction mechanism of ATP hydrolysis recent structural work was supported in this work by extensive biochemical characterisation. As part of the presented work, it could be shown that cooperative ATP hydrolysis in the HlyB-NBD follows substrate assisted catalysis (SAC). A broad screen including different plasmids, strains and growth conditions was performed to attempt the overexpression of the inner membrane components. While overexpression failed in the homologous host E. coli, expression was successful in Lactococcus lactis. The ATPase activity of full-length HlyB was strictly dependent on the substrate and showed an induction in the presence of the C-terminal secretion sequence of HlyA. In contrast to many other ABC transporters, this is one of the first examples where the ATPase activity of an ABC transporter is strictly coupled rather than just stimulated. Exploiting the capability of secreting heterologous fusion proteins by the Type I machinery a vector pair was designed encoding on one hand for the inner membrane complex and one the other hand for any gene of interest fused to a C-terminal 23 kDa fragment of HlyA. Since secretion failed for a number of fusion proteins, folding kinetics of the MalE-HlyA fusion was selectively changed. It could be clearly shown that mutations resulting in slower folding of the maltose binding protein MalE increased the secretion efficiency. This work is the first report in which a fusion protein was selectively converted into an appropriate substrate of a Type I machinery. The knowledge of how fusion proteins can be modified in order to be secreted will certainly help (i) choosing suitable targets for Type I secretion in biomedical and biotechnical applications and (ii) understanding the nature of Type I substrates and the secretion process itself.
Series in the Arc Spectrum of Nitrogen* (1925)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. C. Kiess, "Series in the Arc Spectrum of Nitrogen*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 11, 1-9 (1925) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Immunotherapy of Melanoma (2016)

Arising from melanocytes in skin, mucosal membranes, eye, and meninges, melanoma is a tumor that has been associated with poor prognosis in advanced disease stages. Given the poor response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, new treatment approaches with targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and adoptive T-cell therapy have revolutionized the standard of care for patients with advanced melanoma. This review provides a short overview of past, present, and future immunotherapeutic approaches and their limitations, with a focus on new combination agents in early clinical trials.
Artificial Upwelling (1970)

ABSTRACT R.D. Gerard and J.L. Worzel of our laboratory have recently suggested pumping cold sea water from 1,000 meters depth through large diameter pipes into a condenser area located on shore to intercept the flow of moisture-saturated trade winds. This air, when cooled, condenses much of its moisture, which will be conducted to storage tanks for use as drinking water, avoiding brine pollution of the sea caused by conventional desalination systems. The deep cold water of the ocean is many times richer in inorganic nutrients necessary to initiate the photosynthetic process than the surface waters of the euphotic zone. The deep sea water, which has been utilized as a source of cold for moisture condensation, will flow into closed-off lagoons near shore, where it will act as a fertilizer to stimulate primary production. A pilot scheme is now under way on the north shore of St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands, where deep water is less than one mile offshore and where we have conclusively established that the waters from the nutrient maximum (700 to 900 meters deep) will create a phytoplankton bloom. This, in turn, could sustain commercial yields of organisms such as shellfish, crustaceans, fish, etc. The cost of pumping could be offset by the production of energy by the Claude process and by other cooling applications, such as air-conditioning, ice-making, cooling of conventional desalination systems, nuclear reactors, etc. Introduction As population growth increases the pressure on our resources, we should more and more look towards the oceans for many of our needs and attempt to use their enormous potential in a rational way. A thorough understanding of the meteorological, oceanographic, geological and biological factors in the natural environment can help us in utilizing the sea to advantage rather than struggling to overcome the natural conditions and further pollute the oceans and adjacent shores. Just as mankind in its history on land has gone through a hunting stage and has then slowly turned to agriculture for its food production by domestication of animals instead of hunting wild ones, and by cultivating crops rather than picking roots and berries growing wild in the forests, the day is here when we have started to plan marine harvests in a rational way. The culture of mussels is now a large industry in Spain. Oyster culture has been introduced with varying degrees of success in different parts of the world. Shrimp farming is here, and fish are raised in many places now. The selection of breeding stock is a well-established science. However, to grow mussels, shrimp or fish, these animals must be provided with adequate food, usually algae. An early attempt to grow phytoplankton was made by the Pfizer Company in the New York area: Thacker and Babcock (1)* built a pilot plant for the mass culture of algae, which gave trouble-free operation over a period of almost a year (Fig. 1).
Analysis of Chimeric Chemoreceptors in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>Reveals a Role for CheD in the Function of the McpC HAMP Domain (2004)

Motile prokaryotes use a sensory circuit for control of the motility apparatus in which ligand-responsive chemoreceptors regulate phosphoryl flux through a modified two-component signal transduction system. The chemoreceptors exhibit a modular architecture, comprising an N-terminal sensory module, a C-terminal output module, and a HAMP domain that connects the N- and C-terminal modules and transmits sensory information between them via an unknown mechanism. The sensory circuits mediated by two chemoreceptors of Bacillus subtilis have been studied in detail. McpB is known to regulate chemotaxis towards the attractant asparagine in a CheD-independent manner, whereas McpC requires CheD to regulate chemotaxis towards the attractant proline. Although CheD is a phylogenetically widespread chemotaxis protein, there exists only a limited understanding of its function. We have constructed chimeras between McpB and McpC to probe the role of CheD in facilitating sensory transduction by McpC. We found that McpC can be converted to a CheD-independent receptor by the replacement of one-half of its HAMP domain with the corresponding sequence from McpB, suggesting that McpC HAMP domain function is complex and may require intermolecular interactions with the CheD protein. When considered in combination with the previous observation that CheD catalyzes covalent modification of the C-terminal modules of B. subtilis receptors, these results suggest that CheD may interact with chemoreceptors at multiple, functionally distinct sites.
Building directories for social tagging systems (2011)

Today, a number of algorithms exist for constructing tag hierarchies from social tagging data. While these algorithms were designed with ontological goals in mind, we know very little about their properties from an information retrieval perspective, such as whether these tag hierarchies support efficient navigation in social tagging systems. The aim of this paper is to investigate the usefulness of such tag hierarchies (sometimes also called folksonomies - from folk-generated taxonomy) as directories that aid navigation in social tagging systems. To this end, we simulate navigation of directories as decentralized search on a network of tags using Kleinberg's model. In this model, a tag hierarchy can be applied as background knowledge for decentralized search. By constraining the visibility of nodes in the directories we aim to mimic typical constraints imposed by a practical user interface (UI), such as limiting the number of displayed subcategories or related categories. Our experiments on five different social tagging datasets show that existing tag hierarchy algorithms can support navigation in theory, but our results also demonstrate that they face tremendous challenges when user interface (UI) restrictions are taken into account. Based on this observation, we introduce a new algorithm that constructs efficiently navigable directories on our datasets. The results are relevant for engineers and scientists aiming to improve navigability of social tagging systems.
Bimodal polyethylene– Interplay of catalyst and process (2001)

HDPE specialities having tailored bimodal molecular mass distributions suitable for applications as e.g. pipe or film material are formed in the Hostalen®-BM low pressure slurry process. A cascade of two STHD (stirred tank heavy diluent) reactors is used to produce at extremely different reaction conditions in each step of the polymerization an in situ polyethylene blend consisting of a low molecular mass homopolymer and a high molecular mass copolymer. This way, a resin having a very broad molecular mass distribution and an inverse comonomer distribution is obtained. High impact strength, stress crack resistance, stiffness, tensile strength, and good processability are combined and materials showing outstanding properties are achieved.
Chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active and stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (2006)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system. Although its etiology is unknown, the accumulation and activation of mononuclear cells in the central nervous system are crucial to its pathogenesis. Chemokines have been proposed to play a major role in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes in inflammatory sites. They are divided into subfamilies on the basis of the location of conserved cysteine residues. We determined the levels of some CC and CXC chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 23 relapsing-remitting MS patients under interferon-ss-1a therapy and 16 control subjects using ELISA. MS patients were categorized as having active or stable disease. CXCL10 was significantly increased in the CSF of active MS patients (mean +/- SEM, 369.5 +/- 69.3 pg/mL) when compared with controls (178.5 +/- 29.1 pg/mL, P < 0.05). CSF levels of CCL2 were significantly lower in active MS (144.7 +/- 14.4 pg/mL) than in controls (237.1 +/- 16.4 pg/mL, P < 0.01). There was no difference in the concentration of CCL2 and CXCL10 between patients with stable MS and controls. CCL5 was not detectable in the CSF of most patients or controls. The qualitative and quantitative differences of chemokines in CSF during relapses of MS suggest that they may be useful as a marker of disease activity and of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Preliminary evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of some 4-(benzyloxy)-benzamides. (2004)

A series of alkanolamides have been tested for anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure treshold (ScMet) assays and for neurotoxicity (TOX) in rodents. Most interesting were the anticonvulsant results of 2N-methylaminoethanol derivative II, which displayed anti-MES activity (mice) with a protective index (TD50/ED50) of 2.536 higher than that for valproate.
Group characters: Sequences with good correlation properties (1978)

The structure of the group of integers relatively prime to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> under multiplication modulo <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> is reviewed, and the basic properties of characters defined on that group is developed. Appropriately chosen subcollections of the characters when viewed as periodic sequences are then shown to have relatively ideal autocorrelation and cross correlation properties. The results of a computer study indicate that the same subcollections when viewed as finite length sequences also have very good aperiodic autocorrelation and cross correlation properties.
High-consistency pulp fractionation with an atomizer (1980)

A method of cleaning, screening and fractionating pulp suspensions at high consistencies (3-6 per cent) using a plate atomizing wheel has been further developed and tested at the laboratory pilot plant level. The effects of wheel size (up to 750 mm diameter), wheel loading (up to 10 ton/day dry matter) and rotational speed on the degree of separation achieved have been studied for a TMP/kraft pulp mix, with excellent results. Data for power consumption have been measured and correlated for scale-up purposes. 2 refs.