gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mysteries behind the Low Salinity Water Injection Technique (2014)

Low salinity water injection (LSWI) is gaining popularity as an improved oil recovery technique in both secondary and tertiary injection modes. The objective of this paper is to investigate the main mechanisms behind the LSWI effect on oil recovery from carbonates through history-matching of a recently published coreflood. This paper includes a description of the seawater cycle match and two proposed methods to history-match the LSWI cycles using the UTCHEM simulator. The sensitivity of residual oil saturation, capillary pressure curve, and relative permeability parameters (endpoints and Corey’s exponents) on LSWI is evaluated in this work. Results showed that wettability alteration is still believed to be the main contributor to the LSWI effect on oil recovery in carbonates through successfully history matching both oil recovery and pressure drop data. Moreover, tuning residual oil saturation and relative permeability parameters including endpoints and exponents is essential for a good data match. Also, the incremental oil recovery obtained by LSWI is mainly controlled by oil relative permeability parameters rather than water relative permeability parameters. The findings of this paper help to gain more insight into this uncertain IOR technique and propose a mechanistic model for oil recovery predictions.
<b>Activation of Hydrogen by a Transition Metal Complex at Normal Conditions Leading to a Stable Molecular Dihydride</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActivation of Hydrogen by a Transition Metal Complex at Normal Conditions Leading to a Stable Molecular DihydrideL. Vaska and John W. DiLuzioCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 4, 679–680Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00863a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00863a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2217Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultrahigh-contrast imaging by temporally modulated stimulated emission depletion (2015)

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) is the key optical technology enabling super-resolution microscopy below the diffraction limit. Here, we demonstrate that modulation of STED in the time domain, combined with properly designed lock-in detection, can radically enhance the contrast of fluorescent images of strongly autofluorescent biotissues. In our experiments, the temporally modulated STED technique, implemented with low-intensity continuous-wave laser sources, is shown to provide an efficient all-optical suppression of a broadband fluorescent background, allowing the contrast of fluorescent images of mammal brain tissues tagged with nitrogen-vacancy diamond to be increased by five orders of magnitude.
Radical Autoxidation and Autogenous O<sub>2</sub> Evolution in Manganese−Porphyrin Catalyzed Alkane Oxidations with Chlorite (2004)

A manganese porphyrin catalyst employing chlorite (ClO(2)(-)) as a "shunt" oxidant displays remarkable activity in alkane oxidation, oxidizing cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone with >800 turnover numbers. The ketone is apparently formed without the intermediacy of alcohol and accounts for an unusually large fraction of the product ( approximately 40%). Radical scavenging experiments indicate that the alkane oxidation mechanism involves both carbon-centered and oxygen-centered radicals. The carbon-radical trap CBrCl(3) completely suppresses cyclohexanone formation and reduces cyclohexanol turnovers, while the oxygen-radical trap Ph(2)NH inhibits all oxidation until it is consumed. These observations are indicative of an autoxidation mechanism, a scenario further supported by TEMPO inhibition and (18)O(2) incorporation into products. However, similar cyclohexane oxidation activity occurs when air is excluded. This is explained by mass spectrometric and volumetric measurements showing catalyst-dependent O(2) evolution from the reaction mixture. The catalytic disproportionation of ClO(2)(-) into Cl(-) and O(2) provides sufficient O(2) to support an autoxidation mechanism. A two-path oxidation scheme is proposed to explain all of the experimental observations. The first pathway involves manganese-porphyrin catalyzed decomposition of ClO(2)(-) into both O(2) and an unidentified radical initiator, leading to classical autoxidation chemistry providing equal amounts of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. The second pathway is a "rebound" oxygenation involving a high-valent manganese-oxo intermediate, accounting for the excess of alcohol over ketone. This system highlights the importance of mechanistic studies in catalytic oxidations with highly reactive oxidants, and it is unusual in its ability to sustain autoxidation even under apparent exclusion of O(2).
J-Orchestra (2009)

J-Orchestra is a system that enhances centralized Java programs with distribution capabilities. Operating at the bytecode level, J-Orchestra transforms a centralized Java program (i.e., running on a single Java Virtual Machine (JVM)) into a distributed one (i.e., running across multiple JVMs). This transformation effectively separates distribution concerns from the core functionality of a program. J-Orchestra follows a semiautomatic transformation process. Through a GUI, the user selects program elements (at class granularity) and assigns them to network locations. Based on the user's input, the J-Orchestra backend automatically partitions the program through compiler-level techniques, without changes to the JVM or to the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) classes. By means of bytecode engineering and code generation, J-Orchestra substitutes method calls with remote method calls, direct object references with proxy references, etc. It also translates Java language features (e.g., static methods and fields, inheritance, inner classes, new object construction, etc.) for efficient distributed execution. We detail the main technical issues that J-Orchestra addresses, including its mechanism for program transformation in the presence of unmodifiable code (e.g., in JRE classes) and the translation of concurrency and synchronization constructs to work correctly over the network. We further discuss a case study of transforming a large, commercial, third-party application for efficient execution in a client server environment and outline the architectural characteristics of centralized programs that are amenable to automated distribution with J-Orchestra.
Evidence of Subtypes of Alzheimer's Disease and Implications for Etiology (1993)

The results of the study indicate the importance of neurofibrillary degeneration, not the deposition of amyloid, in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. They support a classification of Alzheimer's disease related more closely to the severity of neurofibrillary degeneration than to age at onset.
Tinnitus Neural Mechanisms and Structural Changes in the Brain: The Contribution of Neuroimaging Research (2015)

Introduction Tinnitus is an abnormal perception of sound in the absence of an external stimulus. Chronic tinnitus usually has a high impact in many aspects of patients' lives, such as emotional stress, sleep disturbance, concentration difficulties, and so on. These strong reactions are usually attributed to central nervous system involvement. Neuroimaging has revealed the implication of brain structures in the auditory system. Objective This systematic review points out neuroimaging studies that contribute to identifying the structures involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of generation and persistence of various forms of tinnitus. Data Synthesis Functional imaging research reveals that tinnitus perception is associated with the involvement of the nonauditory brain areas, including the front parietal area; the limbic system, which consists of the anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and amygdala; and the hippocampal and parahippocampal area. Conclusion The neuroimaging research confirms the involvement of the mechanisms of memory and cognition in the persistence of perception, anxiety, distress, and suffering associated with tinnitus.
Dispersion-managed solitons in the normal dispersion regime: a physical interpretation (1998)

We present an analytic description of dispersion-managed soliton propagation based on split-step and variational models. Using these models, we derive the threshold map strength for the existence of dispersion-managed solitons in the normal dispersion regime and obtain a bound on the maximum normal average dispersion.
“Uphill” cation transport: A bioinspired photo-driven ion pump (2016)

Biological ion pumps with active ionic transport properties lay the foundation for many life processes. However, few analogs have been produced because extra energy is needed to couple to this "uphill" process. We demonstrate a bioinspired artificial photo-driven ion pump based on a single polyethylene terephthalate conical nanochannel. The pumping process behaving as an inversion of zero-volt current can be realized by applying ultraviolet irradiation from the large opening. The light energy can accelerate the dissociation of the benzoic acid derivative dimers existing on the inner surface of nanochannel, which consequently produces more mobile carboxyl groups. Enhanced electrostatic interaction between the ions traversing the nanochannel and the charged groups on the inner wall is the key reason for the uphill cation transport behavior. This system creates an ideal experimental and theoretical platform for further development and design of various stimuli-driven and specific ion-selective bioinspired ion pumps, which anticipates wide potential applications in biosensing, energy conversion, and desalination.
The hexose phosphate synthetase of <i>Methylococcus capsulatus</i> (1972)

Phosphatidylinositol kinase catalyses the re- action:
Histamine involvement in UVB‐ and <i>cis</i>‐urocanic acid‐induced systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses (1997)

Studies in experimental models have implicated histamine and prostanoids in ultra-violet B (UVB)- and cis-urocanic acid (UCA)-induced systemic immunosuppression. This study examined the hypothesis that UVB irradiation and cis-UCA suppressed contact hypersensitivity responses to hapten by induction of histamine, which in turn evoked a prostanoid-dependent component of immunosuppression. BALB/c mice were administered with a cis-UCA monoclonal antibody, a combination of histamine types 1 and 2 receptor antagonists, or indomethacin. Mice were sensitized to 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) on their ventral surface 5 days after UVB irradiation, or cis-UCA or histamine administration. Ears were challenged with TNCB 5 days later. Cis-UCA antibody inhibited the suppressive effects of UVB by approximately 60% and confirmed that suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses by UVB was due, at least in part, to mechanisms involving cis-UCA. Histamine suppressed contact hypersensitivity responses and the effects of cis-UCA and histamine were not cumulative, suggesting that cis-UCA and histamine signal largely through the same pathway. The immunosuppressive effects of histamine were not affected by the cis-UCA antibody, consistent with the model that histamine acts downstream of cis-UCA. Administration of histamine receptor antagonists and indomethacin each approximately halved the UVB- and cis-UCA-induced systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses. The effects of the reagents that inhibited the action of histamine and prevented prostanoid production were not cumulative, and suggested involvement in the same pathway. These results support the involvement of cis-UCA, histamine and prostanoids, in a sequence, in UVB-induced systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses.
Virtual and Real World Adaptation for Pedestrian Detection (2013)

Pedestrian detection is of paramount interest for many applications. Most promising detectors rely on discriminatively learnt classifiers, i.e., trained with annotated samples. However, the annotation step is a human intensive and subjective task worth to be minimized. By using virtual worlds we can automatically obtain precise and rich annotations. Thus, we face the question: can a pedestrian appearance model learnt in realistic virtual worlds work successfully for pedestrian detection in real-world images? Conducted experiments show that virtual-world based training can provide excellent testing accuracy in real world, but it can also suffer the data set shift problem as real-world based training does. Accordingly, we have designed a domain adaptation framework, V-AYLA, in which we have tested different techniques to collect a few pedestrian samples from the target domain (real world) and combine them with the many examples of the source domain (virtual world) in order to train a domain adapted pedestrian classifier that will operate in the target domain. V-AYLA reports the same detection accuracy than when training with many human-provided pedestrian annotations and testing with real-world images of the same domain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work demonstrating adaptation of virtual and real worlds for developing an object detector.
Synthesis with Hydroxylactamines III. A Facile Entry to the 1-Oxo-b-carboline Skeleton. Synthesis of Strychnocarpine (1984)

o c a r p i n e 12 is synthesized via hydrogenation of 1-methyl-3-hydroxypyridone(21 with Ru/C.Fischer indole cyclization
A Putative ABC Transporter Confers Durable Resistance to Multiple Fungal Pathogens in Wheat (2009)

Agricultural crops benefit from resistance to pathogens that endures over years and generations of both pest and crop. Durable disease resistance, which may be partial or complete, can be controlled by several genes. Some of the most devastating fungal pathogens in wheat are leaf rust, stripe rust, and powdery mildew. The wheat gene Lr34 has supported resistance to these pathogens for more than 50 years. Lr34 is now shared by wheat cultivars around the world. Here, we show that the LR34 protein resembles adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters of the pleiotropic drug resistance subfamily. Alleles of Lr34 conferring resistance or susceptibility differ by three genetic polymorphisms. The Lr34 gene, which functions in the adult plant, stimulates senescence-like processes in the flag leaf tips and edges.
Postharvest handling : a systems approach (2014)

"Supply chain decisions can have significant impact on subsequent stages of the produce handling process, affecting not only the physical state of the product at delivery, but the economic result as well. ...explores the logistics of handling fruits and vegetables from a variety of perspectives. Leading experts present important insights into postharvest handling under varying weather conditions, assuring quality conrol, changes in consumer habits and other key factors including overall supply chain management."--back cover.
ArA: Adaptive resource allocation for cloud computing environments under bursty workloads (2011)

Cloud computing nowadays becomes quite popular among a community of cloud users by offering a variety of resources. However, burstiness in user demands often dramatically degrades the application performance. In order to satisfy peak user demands and meet Service Level Agreement (SLA), efficient resource allocation schemes are highly demanded in the cloud. However, we find that conventional load balancers unfortunately neglect cases of bursty arrivals and thus experience significant performance degradation. Motivated by this problem, we propose new burstiness-aware algorithms to balance bursty workloads across all computing sites, and thus to improve overall system performance. We present a smart load balancer, which leverages the knowledge of burstiness to predict the changes in user demands and on-the-fly shifts between the schemes that are “greedy” (i.e., always select the best site) and “random” (i.e., randomly select one) based on the predicted information. Both simulation and real experimental results show that this new load balancer can adapt quickly to the changes in user demands and thus improve performance by making a smart site selection for cloud users under both bursty and non-bursty workloads.
Electron Beam Fabrication of Injection Mold Tooling with Conformal Cooling Channels (2005)

Injection molding is the most common mass production process for plastic parts. All thermoplastics and some thermosets can be injection molded to achieve a wide variety of sizes and intricate shapes. Injection molded parts can be found everywhere, from electronics and power tools to appliances and automobiles.\n\nDue to the large impact that injection molding has on the manufacturing industry, companies constantly strive to shorten both cycle and product development time.\n\nRapid Tooling is a manufacturing technique used to produce injection mold tools in a short period of time. A new process for manufacturing rapid tools is proposed. With the Electron Beam Melting (EBM) process the fabrication of fully dense, net shape tools is now feasible. Using the EBM process, certain features in the mold tool can be optimized such as the cooling system that is of critical importance in the part cycle time of a tool.\n\nA heat transfer simulation study was carried out to find the effect of conformal cooling channels in the heat dissipation within a mold. Extensive experimentation was performed to obtain valuable guidelines for the design of conformal cooling channels in injection molds manufactured via EBM technology.
Error robustness scheme for perceptually coded audio based on interframe shuffling of samples (2002)

High-quality audio streaming over IP networks is a significant part of multimedia traffic in telecommunications networks in the future. Although there are a number of error concealment and correction methods developed for real-time multimedia streaming over unreliable packet-switched networks, many effective codec dependent error robustness schemes have not been utilized for the state-of-art audio compression standards developed mainly to compress audio for storage media. This paper describes how the idea of redistributing adjacent audio samples to different packets can be applied to the perceptual audio codecs, such as MP3 and AAC. The experiences with testing the concept using AAC are explained as well. The proposed approach is especially applicable with semi-reliable transport protocols and future networks providing flexible support for prioritized data traffic.
Color Control System for RGB LED Light Sources Using Junction Temperature Measurement (2007)

The efficiency of LED lights is approaching that of fluorescent lamps. LED light sources are finding more applications than conventional light bulbs due to their compactness, lower heat dissipation, and most importantly, real-time color changing capability. Accurate control of colors for RGB LED lights is a challenging task, which includes optical color mixing, color light intensity control and color point maintenance due to LED junction temperature change and device aging. In this paper , we present a LED junction temperature measurement technique for a pulse width modulation (PWM) diode forward current controlled RGB LED lighting system. The technique can control the color effectively without the need for using expensive feedback systems involving light sensors. Performance of chromaticity and luminance stability for a temperature compensated RGB LED system will be presented.
An observer study comparing spot imaging regions selected by radiologists and a computer for an automated stereo spot mammography technique (2004)

We are developing an automated stereo spot mammography technique for improved imaging of suspicious dense regions within digital mammograms. The technique entails the acquisition of a full-field digital mammogram, automated detection of a suspicious dense region within that mammogram by a computer aided detection (CAD) program, and acquisition of a stereo pair of images with automated collimation to the suspicious region. The latter stereo spot image is obtained within seconds of the original full-field mammogram, without releasing the compression paddle. The spot image is viewed on a stereo video display. A critical element of this technique is the automated detection of suspicious regions for spot imaging. We performed an observer study to compare the suspicious regions selected by radiologists with those selected by a CAD program developed at the University of Michigan. True regions of interest (TROIs) were separately determined by one of the radiologists who reviewed the original mammograms, biopsy images, and histology results. We compared the radiologist and computer-selected regions of interest (ROIs) to the TROIs. Both the radiologists and the computer were allowed to select up to 3 regions in each of 200 images (mixture of 100 CC and 100 MLO views). We computed overlap indices (the overlap index is defined as the ratio of the area of intersection to the area of interest) to quantify the agreement between the selected regions in each image. The averages of the largest overlap indices per image for the 5 radiologist-to-computer comparisons were directly related to the average number of regions per image traced by the radiologists (about 50% for 1 region/image, 84% for 2 regions/image and 96% for 3 regions/image). The average of the overlap indices with all of the TROIs was 73% for CAD and 76.8% +/- 10.0% for the radiologists. This study indicates that the CAD determined ROIs could potentially be useful for a screening technique that includes stereo spot mammography imaging.
A Hierarchical Rule-Based Fault Detection and Diagnostic Method for HVAC Systems (2006)

A rule-based, system-level fault detection and diagnostic (FDD) method for HVAC systems was developed. It functions as an interface between multiple, equipment-specific FDD tools and a human operator. The method resolves and prioritizes conflicting fault reports from equipment-specific FDD tools, performs FDD at the system level, and presents an integratedr view of an HVAC system's fault status to an operator. A simulation study to test and evaluate the method was conducted.
Systematic design and fabrication of high-Q single-mode pulley-coupled planar silicon nitride microdisk resonators at visible wavelengths (2010)

High quality (Q approximately 6 x 10(5)) microdisk resonators are demonstrated in a Si(3)N(4) on SiO(2) platform at 652-660 nm with integrated in-plane wrap-around coupling waveguides to enable critical coupling to specific microdisk radial modes. Selective coupling to the first three radial modes with >20dB suppression of the other radial modes is achieved by controlling the wrap-around waveguide width. Advantages of such pulley-coupled microdisk resonators include single mode operation, ease of fabrication due to larger waveguide-resonator gaps, the possibility of resist reflow during the lithography phase to improve microdisk etched surface quality, and the ability to realize highly over-coupled microdisks suitable for low-loss delay lines and add-drop filters.