gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arsenic Adsorption and Oxidation at Manganite Surfaces. 1. Method for Simultaneous Determination of Adsorbed and Dissolved Arsenic Species (2000)

Arsenic occurs in the +III oxidation state as a metastable species in oxic waters. Under oxic conditions, As(III) is both more mobile in natural waters and less efficiently removed by water treatment processes than As(V). Other oxidants, however, can react with As(III) more rapidly than oxygen. The oxidation of As(III) by manganite occurs on the time scale of hours. Here, a method is introduced for the rapid determination of the total and dissolved concentrations of arsenic species in this heterogeneous system; adsorbed arsenic concentrations are calculated by difference. The oxidation reaction is quenched by the addition of ascorbic acid to effect the reductive dissolution of manganite and concomitant release of adsorbed As(III) and As(V) into solution. Once in solution, As(III) and As(V) are separated using anion-exchange chromatography. Comparison of dissolved and total concentrations of As(III) and As(V) clearly illustrates that the overall conversion rate of As(III) to As(V) in this system would be overpredicted based solely on dissolved As(III) concentrations and underpredicted based solely on dissolved As(V) concentrations. The overall conversion of As(III) to As(V) was more rapid at pH 4 than at pH 6.3 and was unaffected by the presence of boric acid at 95 μM or 3 mM. However, the presence of 200 μM phosphate (at pH 4) decreased the overall rate of conversion of As(III) to As(V). Comparison of total and dissolved As(III) concentrations during the reaction time course demonstrates that the effects of pH and phosphate on adsorbed As(III) concentrations are generally consistent with these kinetic observations.
Tending the Wild (2005)

John Muir was an early proponent of a view we still hold today—that much of California was pristine, untouched wilderness before the arrival of Europeans. But as this groundbreaking book demonstrates, what Muir was really seeing when he admired the grand vistas of Yosemite and the gold and purple flowers carpeting the Central Valley were the fertile gardens of the Sierra Miwok and Valley Yokuts Indians, modified and made productive by centuries of harvesting, tilling, sowing, pruning, and burning. Marvelously detailed and beautifully written, Tending the Wild is an unparalleled examination of Native American knowledge and uses of California's natural resources that reshapes our understanding of native cultures and shows how we might begin to use their knowledge in our own conservation efforts. M. Kat Anderson presents a wealth of information on native land management practices gleaned in part from interviews and correspondence with Native Americans who recall what their grandparents told them about how and when areas were burned, which plants were eaten and which were used for basketry, and how plants were tended. The complex picture that emerges from this and other historical source material dispels the hunter-gatherer stereotype long perpetuated in anthropological and historical literature. We come to see California's indigenous people as active agents of environmental change and stewardship. Tending the Wild persuasively argues that this traditional ecological knowledge is essential if we are to successfully meet the challenge of living sustainably.
A Study of the Relationship Between Canine Distemper and Measles in the Dog. (1960)

Dogs inoculated with live measles virus readily developed neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies to measles. The dogs showed no signs of illness and did not spread the infection to unit contact litter mates. Following measles inoculation, 7 of 11 dogs developed low titers of canine distemper neutralizing antibody. All measles-inoculated dogs, including those with no demonstrable canine distemper neutralizing antibody, were protected against intravenous or intracerebral challenge with virulent canine distemper virus, while the contact controls, not receiving measles virus, became ill, and some died. The dogs which had received distemper virus alone developed distemper neutralizing antibody, but developed no measles neutralizing antibody.
Homomorphic Encryption for Speaker Recognition: Protection of Biometric Templates and Vendor Model Parameters (2018)

Data privacy is crucial when dealing with biometric data. Accounting for the latest European data privacy regulation and payment service directive, biometric template protection is essential for any commercial application. Ensuring unlinkability across biometric service operators, irreversibility of leaked encrypted templates, and renewability of e.g., voice models following the i-vector paradigm, biometric voice-based systems are prepared for the latest EU data privacy legislation. Employing Paillier cryptosystems, Euclidean and cosine comparators are known to ensure data privacy demands, without loss of discrimination nor calibration performance. Bridging gaps from template protection to speaker recognition, two architectures are proposed for the two-covariance comparator, serving as a generative model in this study. The first architecture preserves privacy of biometric data capture subjects. In the second architecture, model parameters of the comparator are encrypted as well, such that biometric service providers can supply the same comparison modules employing different key pairs to multiple biometric service operators. An experimental proof-of-concept and complexity analysis is carried out on the data from the 2013-2014 NIST i-vector machine learning challenge.
A quality integrated spectral minutiae fingerprint recognition system (2009)

Many fingerprint recognition systems are based on minutiae matching. However, the recognition accuracy of minutiae-based matching algorithms is highly dependent on the fingerprint minutiae quality. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a quality integrated spectral minutiae algorithm, in which the minutiae quality information is incorporated to enhance the performance of the spectral minutiae fingerprint recognition system. In our algorithm, two types of quality data are used. The first is the minutiae reliability, expressing the probability that a given point is indeed a minutia; the second is the minutiae location accuracy, quantifying the error on the minutiae location. We integrate these two types of quality information into the spectral minutiae representation algorithm and achieve a decrease of 1% in equal error rate in the experiment.
A β42 is the predominant form of amyloid b -protein in the brains of short-term survivors of head injury (1997)

Fatal head injury results in the formation of diffuse parenchymal deposits of amyloid beta-protein (A beta) in the brains of approximately 30% of individuals. We used carboxyl terminal-specific antisera to examine the exact nature of these deposits in paraffin sections of neocortex from seven head-injured patients. Immunostaining for A beta 42 was observed in all parenchymal deposits whereas staining for A beta 40, the form of the protein which predominates in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, was seen in only a small proportion of deposits. The relative paucity of A beta 40 suggests that post-traumatic deposits do not arise as a result of passive leakage from damaged cerebral blood vessels but are similar to the early A beta 42 parenchymal deposits seen in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.
4-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazol-5(4<i>H</i>)-one (2009)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(18)H(19)N(3)O(3), contains two crystallographically independent but similar mol-ecules. The triazole ring is oriented with respect to the benzene rings to form dihedral angles of 57.96 (6) and 7.01 (6)° in one mol-ecule, and 64.37 (5) and 10.73 (5)° in the other. The two independent mol-ecules are linked into a dimer by inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
A general steady-state analysis program ANASP for thyristor circuits based on adjoint-network approach (1980)

Described is a new computer aided package program ANASP for computing the steady-state waveforms for any configuration of thyristor circuits. Newton-Raphson method is used to compute the initial state which generates the steady-state waveforms. For the efficient and accurate evaluation of the Jacobi an matrix the adjoint network is introduced into thyristor circuits containing power diodes and thyristors, and the method of sensitivity calculation is proposed. Using the program implemented, it is shown through examples that the computational time is considerably reduced to deter mine the steady state.
Altered proteasomal function due to the expression of polyglutamine-expanded truncated N-terminal huntingtin induces apoptosis by caspase activation through mitochondrial cytochrome c release (2001)

Expansion of CAG repeats within the coding region of target genes is the cause of several autosomal dominant neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's disease (HD). A hallmark of HD is the proteolytic production of N-terminal fragments of huntingtin containing polyglutamine repeats that form ubiquitinated aggregates in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the affected neurons. In this study, we used an ecdysone-inducible stable mouse neuro2a cell line that expresses truncated N-terminal huntingtin (tNhtt) with different polyglutamine length, along with mice transgenic for HD exon 1, to demonstrate that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of HD. Proteasomal 20S core catalytic component was redistributed to the polyglutamine aggregates in both the cellular and transgenic mouse models. Proteasome inhibitor dramatically increased the rate of aggregate formation caused by tNhtt protein with 60 glutamine (60Q) repeats, but had very little influence on aggregate formation by tNhtt protein with 150Q repeats. Both normal and polyglutamine-expanded tNhtt proteins were degraded by proteasome, but the rate of degradation was inversely proportional to the repeat length. The shift of the proteasomal components from the total cellular environment to the aggregates, as well as the comparatively slower degradation of tNhtt with longer polyglutamine, decreased the proteasome's availability for degrading other key target proteins, such as p53. This altered proteasomal function was associated with disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, released cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and activated caspase-9- and caspase-3-like proteases. These results suggest that the impaired proteasomal function plays an important role in polyglutamine protein-induced cell death.
Conversion of Serine-114 to Cysteine-114 and the Role of the Active Site Nucleophile in Acyl Transfer by Myristoyl-ACP Thioesterase from<i> Vibrio harveyi</i> (1996)

The lux-specific myristoyl-ACP thioesterase (LuxD) is responsible for diverting myristic acid into the luminescent system and can function as an esterase and transferase as well as cleave myristoyl-CoA and other thioesters. The recently elucidated crystal structure of the enzyme shows that it belongs to the alpha/beta hydrolase family and that it contains a typical catalytic triad composed of Asp211, His241, and Ser114. What is unusual is that the nucleophilic S114 is not contained within the esterase consensus motif GXSXG although the stereochemistry of the turn involving S114 is almost identical to the nucleophilic elbow found in alpha/beta hydrolases. In contrast to mammalian thioesterases, deacylation of LuxD was the rate-limiting step, with the level of acylated enzyme formed on reaction with myristoyl-CoA and the pre-steady-state burst of p-nitrophenol on cleavage of p-nitrophenyl myristate both being 0.7 mol/mol. Cold chase experiments showed that the deacylation rate of LuxD corresponded closely to the turnover rate of the enzyme with ester or thioester substrates. Replacement of S114 by a cysteine residue generated a mutant (S114C) that was acylated with the same pH dependence as LuxD but had greatly diminished capacity to transfer acyl groups to water or glycerol. The acyl group could be removed from the S114C mutant by neutral hydroxylamine, showing that a cysteine residue had been acylated. Mutation of H241 creating the double mutant, S114C.H241N, decreased acylation of the cysteine residue. These results provide direct kinetic and chemical evidence that S114 is the site of acylation linked to H241 in the charge relay system and have led to the recognition of a more general consensus motif flanking the nucleophilic serine in thioesterases.
Development of Automatic 3D Blood Vessel Search and Automatic Blood Sampling System by Using Hybrid Stereo-Autofocus Method (2011)

We developed an accurate three-dimensional blood vessel search (3D BVS) system and an automatic blood sampling system. They were implemented into a point-of-care system designed for medical care, installed in a portable self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) device. The system solves problems of human error caused by complicated manual operations of conventional SMBG devices. We evaluated its accuracy of blood-vessel position detection. The 3D BVS system uses near-infrared (NIR) light imaging and the stereo and autofocus hybrid method to determine blood vessel locations accurately in three dimensions. We evaluated the accuracy of our 3D BVS system using a phantom of human skin, blood vessels, and blood. Additionally, we established an automatic blood sampling system for SMBG and assessed its performance in relation to punctures, blood suction, transport, and discharge on an enzyme sensor. The 3D BVS and automatic blood sampling system are adequate for use in a portable SMBG device.
Me Me Me (2014)

Psychology
What makes me me, and not you? Is it my corpus of autobiographical memories? Is it my concordance of wants and desires, which may themselves have been birthed and shaped by my personality traits? Or is it my sense of right and wrong? Strohminger and Nichols opt for the last and demonstrate in a series of studies that morality constitutes the largest part of self. Capacities and traits were grouped into psychological categories representing lower-level functions, such as perception and sensation; everyday automatic cognitive functions, such as identifying objects and riding a bike; or distinctive individual preferences, such as liking broccoli and valuing honesty. Then, online Americans were asked which were associated most closely with personal identities or, alternatively, the extent to which a person would change if that particular capacity or trait were lost. Throughout, attributes closer to morality were deemed to be more essential to one's identity. In a futuristic scenario set in 2049, when asked what part of Jim the accountant's brain would need to be transplanted into a recipient body in order to resurrect Jim, the part supporting moral judgment was chosen most.

Cognition 131 , 159 (2014).
Polycrystalline Inorganic Fibers—Production, Properties, Applications (1972)

Abstract This progress report ends with the sentence: In the opinion of many experts, we are entering an “age of inorganic fibers”. An attempt is made in the article to outline the present stage of development and the outlook for one of the most interesting fields of modern materials science.
The use of laboratory centrifugation studies to predict performance of industrial machines: Studies of shear-insensitive and shear-sensitive materials (2000)

A method for using a bench-top centrifuge is described in order to mimic the recovery performance of an industrial-scale centrifuge, in this case a continuous-flow disc stack separator. Recovery performance was determined for polyvinyl acetate particles and for biological process streams of yeast cell debris and protein precipitates. Recovery of polyvinyl acetate particles was found to be well predicted for these robust particles. The laboratory centrifugation scale-down technique again predicted the performance of the disc stack centrifuge for the recovery of yeast cell debris particles although there was some suggestion of over-prediction at high levels of debris recovery due to the nature of any cell debris aggregates present. The laboratory centrifuge scale-down technique also proved to be an important investigative probe into the extent of shear-induced breakup of shear-sensitive protein precipitate aggregates during recovery in continuous high speed centrifuges. Such breakup can lead to over 10-fold reduction in separator capacity.
Fault Detection and Elimination for Galileo-GPS Vertical Guidance (2007)

In anticipation of the future launches of dual-frequency GNSS satellites, such as Galileo and GPS block III, a series of new developments has taken place in the field of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM). Of particular interest were the topics of multi-constellation RAIM and analyzing the impact of multiple simultaneous ranging failures. Given the expected increase in the number of ranging sources for the aviation user, a breakthrough is expected to be made in the use of satellite navigation for precision approaches and other critical operations. The reduction in nominal error bounds by removal of the ionospheric delay term from the measurements, together with the presence of a larger number of satellites is going to increase the robustness against satellite failures and hazardous pseudorange errors. Vertical errors are critical during aviation precision approaches, and they are also generally greater than horizontal errors for satellite-based positioning. The purpose of this work is to investigate what Vertical Protection Level (VPL) values could be achieved with an unaided combined Galileo-GPS constellation under conservative failure assumptions. The foundations that enable the methods developed in this paper have already been laid in previous work [2] by identifying a viable RAIM algorithm for monitoring dual-frequency ranging signals and conducting detailed parametric studies to identify what threat space needs to be covered with future
Intelligible speech encoded in the human brain stem frequency-following response (1995)

The human brain stem frequency-following response (FFR) registers phase-locked neural activity to cyclical auditory stimuli. We show that the FFR can be elicited by word stimuli, and when speech-evoked FFTs are reproduced as auditory stimuli they are heard as intelligible speech. Stimuli were 10 high- and 10 low-probability words drawn from normative verbal responses of university students. Horizontal and vertical dipole FFRs based on 1000 repetitions of each word were recorded from two different participants. Speech-evoked FFRs were evaluated by 80 listeners. The results showed significant effects of FFR participant, word probability, and whether or not words were presented with category cues. Depending on such subject and experimental variables, FFRs were correctly perceived from 5% to 92% of the time.
Antitumor effects of a refined polysaccharide peptide fraction isolated from Coriolus versicolor: in vitro and in vivo studies. (1996)

RPSP, a refined polysaccharide peptide fraction isolated by fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) from the crude powder of total peptide-bound polysaccharides of cultivated Coriolus versicolor Cov-1 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of a human hepatoma cell line (HEPG2). The effective dose causing 50% inhibition following 3-day exposure to RPSP was 243 +/- 36 micrograms/ml for HEPG2. However, little or no inhibitory effects were detected in normal human foetal hepatocytes. On the other hand, in the pretreatment group, in which RPSP was administered i.p. for two weeks before sarcoma 180 inoculation in nude mice, the incidence of tumor growth was less (2 out of 5 mice) than that of the control group (all 5 mice). The tumor size of the control group was about 3-5 times bigger than that of the pretreatment group. In tumor-bearing nude mice, 5 days after sarcoma 180 inoculation, i.v. administration of RPSP significantly suppressed the growth of tumor mass. The inhibition rate was 93.6% on day 13. Furthermore, administration of RPSP did not cause any pathological lesions in vital organs of rabbits such as heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney. In conclusion, these results indicate that RPSP acts by directly suppressing tumor cell growth in vitro and the prevention of in vivo growth of tumor mass is probably mediated also via its immunomodulating effects.
Science Clouds: Early Experiences in Cloud Computing for Scientific Applications (2008)

The Science Clouds provide EC2-style cycles to scientific projects. This document contains a description of technologies enabling this project and an early summary of its experiences.
Cryogenically monolithic self-Raman lasers: observation of single-longitudinal-mode operation (2015)

A cryogenically monolithic Nd:YVO4 self-Raman laser is experimentally explored and theoretically analyzed. The variation of the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) threshold on the temperature is found to be nonlinear because the reduction of thermal lensing enlarges the cavity mode size. In spite of the nonlinear variation of the SRS threshold on the temperature, the overall SRS output power can be efficiently increased from 0.78 to 1.36 W for temperature decreasing from 285 to 80 K at an absorbed power of 17.2 W. More interestingly, the single-longitudinal-mode operation is experimentally achieved when temperature is lower than 125 K.
Egg yolk emulsion agar, a new medium for the cultivation of Helicobacter pylori (1991)

We developed a new agar, egg yolk emulsion (EYE) agar, for cultivation of Helicobacter pylori. EYE agar contains Columbia agar base (Oxoid), 10% EYE (Oxoid), 1% IsoVitaleX (BBL), and 40 mg of Triphenyleteraxolium chloride (Sigma) per liter. We compared EYE agar with the following agars: (i) brain heart infusion agar-7% horse blood-1% IsoVitaleX (GDW agar; C. S. Goodwin, E. D. Blincow, J. R. Warren, T. E. Waters, C. R. Sanderson, and L. Easton, J. Clin. Pathol. 38:1127-1131, 1985), (ii) brain heart infusion agar-10% horse serum-0.2% charcoal-1% yeast extract-40 mg of triphenyltetrazolium chloride per liter (GLU agar; Y. Glupczynski, M. Labbe, and F. Thiabaumont, p. 3-6, in F. Megraud and H. Lamouliatte, ed., Gastroduodenal Pathology and Campylobacter pylori, 1989), (iii) Columbia agar with 7% lysed horse blood (D&M agar; J. C. Dent and C. A. M. McNulty, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 7:555-558, 1988), and (iv) brain heart infusion agar-10% EYE-1% IsoVitaleX (BHIE agar). H. pylori CFU counts, expressed as average percentages of maximum growth, were as follows: EYE agar, 96; GDW agar. 76; BHIE agar, 57; D&M agar, 52; and GLU agar, 23. Colony counts for EYE agar were significantly higher than for GDW agar (P = 0.027), BHIE agar (P = 0.005), D&M agar (P = 0.0001), and GLU agar (P less than 0.0001). EYE agar also had higher CFU counts than two commercial chocolate media; the EYE agar count was 80%, versus 33% for BBL chocolate medium and 63% for Remel chocolate medium.
Emerging intelligent network services: a corridor to personal communications (1993)

The coming era of personal communications networks (PCN) will build on IN technology. The PCN's wireless access and mobility capabilities will spur services that will profoundly affect everyday life, and enhance telephone company revenues. Because of similarities between IN and PCN, many of the fundamental technological hurdles have already been anticipated. The authors look at the personal communications. They then discuss the target architecture for personal communications. Finally, they present the potential services and products that will appear in this high-growth market.