gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus reuteri, involving sucrase type of enzymes (2000)

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) find numerous applications in the food as well as in the non-food industries. They can be used as for instance viscosifying, thickening, gelling or water binding agents. Furthermore certain EPSs are known to exert health promoting effects such as cholesterol lowering, immunomodulating, antitumoral and prebiotic activities. Using a new method, a large collection of Lactobacillus strains was screened on the production of EPS. One of the positive strains, strain 121, produced two different soluble homopolysaccharides during growth on sucrose, a fructan and glucan. This strain was identified as Lactobacillus reuteri, a probiotic strain and an excellent colonizer of the gastro-intestinal tract of a broad variety of hosts, including humans. L. reuteri 121 was selected for further research. Structure analysis of the polysaccharides produced by L. reuteri 121 revealed that the fructan was a linear levan with beta(2-6) linked fructosyl units. This was the first example of fructan synthesis by lactobacilli. The glucan possessed a unique highly branched structure with alpha(1-4) and alpha(1-6) linkages with alpha(1-4,6) branching points. Both polymers were synthesized by sucrase type of enzymes (glucosyl- and fructosyltransferases). These enzymes only need sucrose as substrate; the energy released by the cleavage of the glycosidic bond in sucrose is subsequently used for the polysaccharide synthesis reaction. During growth of L. reuteri on sucrose or maltose, the sucrases responsible for the synthesis of the glucan and the levan appeared to be completely bound to the cell wall, whereas during growth on sucrose part of the enzymes was released into the culture medium. The EPS production was not a stable characteristic in continuous cultures. Different spontaneous mutants appeared, such as the EPS negative mutant strain K24, lacking both the glucansucrase (a glucosyltransferase) and the levansucrase (a fructosyltransferase). Mutant 35-5, lacking levansucrase, appeared after a pH shift-down. Using PCR techniques with degenerated primers based on known glucansucrase or fructosyltransferase amino acid sequences, chromosomal fragments containing a glucansucrase (gtfA) or a fructosyltransferase (ftfA) were amplified. Both fragments were sequenced and characterized at the amino acid level and phylogenetic trees of both types of sucrases were constructed. Both the gtfA and the ftfA were cloned separately in Escherichia coli. Cell free extracts of the E. coli strain harboring the ftfA gene produced an inulosucrase, which synthesized inulin and fructose-oligosaccharides from sucrose. The recombinant glucansucrase and the L. reuteri glucansucrase synthesized the same unique glucan. These were the first examples of the isolation, characterization and cloning of Lactobacillus glucansucrase and fructosyltransferase genes.
Efficient Arguments without Short PCPs (2007)

Current constructions of efficient argument systems combine a short (polynomial size) PCP with a cryptographic hashing technique. We suggest an alternative approach for this problem that allows to simplify the underlying PCP machinery using a stronger cryptographic technique. More concretely, we present a direct method for compiling an exponentially long PCP which is succinctly described by a linear oracle function \pi : F^n \to F into an argument system in which the verifier sends to the prover O(n) encrypted field elements and receives O(1) encryptions in return. This compiler can be based on an arbitrary homomorphic encryption scheme. Applying our general compiler to the exponential size Hadamard code based PCP of Arora et al. (JACM 1998) yields a simple argument system for NP in which the communication from the prover to the verifier only includes a constant number of short encryptions. The main tool we use is a new cryptographic primitive which allows to efficiently commit to a linear function and later open the output of the function on an arbitrary vector. Our efficient implementation of this primitive is independently motivated by cryptographic applications.
A study on the purification of diatomite in hydrochloric acid (2002)

This paper describes the purification of diatomaceous earth mined in the Ankara region of Turkey. The diatomaceous earth was found to be essentially amorphous, but a small amount of crystalline illite, K 0.7 Al 2 (Si,Al) 4 O 10 (OH) 2 , was present in it. The complete chemical composition of the material was 74.4% SiO 2 , 14.55% Al 2 O 3 , 3.62% Fe 2 O 3 , 1.55% CaO, 1.37% MgO, 2.44% K 2 O and 0.72%Na 2 O. In connection with the purification of the diatomite, two different processing routes were planned: (i) leaching of the diatomaceous earth directly in cold acidic solutions of HCl; (ii) leaching of the diatomaceous earth directly by using hot 1 and 2 N HCl. It was found that all of the undesirable elements in the composition of the diatomaceous earth were dissolved when treated at about 100°C with acidic solutions prepared using 1 and 2 N HCl for various leaching times. Under several cold acid concentrations, varying from 1 N to 5 N HCl, however, only a small amount of silica is dissolved, while significantly reducing the contribution of undesirable aluminium, calcium, magnesium, iron and alkaline elements.
A Hot‐Segment‐Based Approach for the Design of Cross‐Amyloid Interaction Surface Mimics as Inhibitors of Amyloid Self‐Assembly (2015)

The design of inhibitors of protein-protein interactions mediating amyloid self-assembly is a major challenge mainly due to the dynamic nature of the involved structures and interfaces. Interactions of amyloidogenic polypeptides with other proteins are important modulators of self-assembly. Here we present a hot-segment-linking approach to design a series of mimics of the IAPP cross-amyloid interaction surface with Aβ (ISMs) as nanomolar inhibitors of amyloidogenesis and cytotoxicity of Aβ, IAPP, or both polypeptides. The nature of the linker determines ISM structure and inhibitory function including both potency and target selectivity. Importantly, ISMs effectively suppress both self- and cross-seeded IAPP self-assembly. Our results provide a novel class of highly potent peptide leads for targeting protein aggregation in Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, or both diseases and a chemical approach to inhibit amyloid self-assembly and pathogenic interactions of other proteins as well.
Computer Generated Holograms In Pattern Recognition: A Review (1985)

Holographic optical elements and computer-generated holograms (CGHs) offer many attractive properties and uses. In this review, we consider the use of holography in pattern recognition, with specific attention to recent work with CGH elements.
Thermal Properties of Polyurethane-Polyisocyanurate Foams Based on Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Waste (2011)

A series of polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (PU-PIR) foams synthesized from PET-waste-derived aromatic polyester polyols (APP) was studied using thermogravimetric analysis, Cone calorimeter and burning tests. The effect of chemical structure of the APP containing fragments of glycerol, adipic acid, poly(propylene glycol) or hexanediol on thermal stability and flame resistance of the PU-PIR foams was elucidated. PU-PIR foams prepared from APP containing fragments of glycerol and/or adipic acid had higher thermal stability and lower weight loss at 330 °C. The foams based on APP derived from industrial PET waste were characterized by relatively low heat release and low smoke production. The presence of the fragments of the functional additives glycerol and/or adipic acid in the structure of APP used for production of PU-PIR foams, marginally decreased the heat release and slightly increased the smoke production.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.3.588
Special wound healing methods used in ancient Egypt and the mythological background (2004)

The Egyptian civilisation is one of the oldest in history and was renowned for its scientific and artistic achievements, and medicine was no exception. The ancient Egyptians were masters in applying and arranging bandages, and they recognized the cardinal signs of infection and inflammation. Egyptian drug therapy can be regarded as having evolved from a system rooted in magic and empirical observation. To illustrate how the Egyptian wound healing methods provided a major stimulus for the development of surgery, we conducted a literature search.
Performance implications of hosting enterprise telephony applications on virtualized multi-core platforms (2009)

Virtualization technology has gained significant adoption in various domains as a means to lower costs and enable greener solutions. Recently, there has been a significant amount of interest in employing virtualization technology in the telecommunications domain in order to save costs through server consolidation and to provide energy-efficient solutions. The availability of high-end multi-core servers provides powerful platforms for deployment. However, the telecommunications domain poses unique challenges for virtualization technology to be successfully deployed even in these compute-rich multi-core environments. This work discusses these challenges. It provides a detailed analysis of the performance implications of hosting enterprise IP telephony infrastructure in virtualized environments. Unlike signaling applications that are comparatively more tolerant of underlying platform performance, media applications are far more demanding. Our work, therefore, focuses on the performance of media applications (media server, voice-mail, etc.) in virtualized environments. We develop a model for workloads used in enterprise IP telephony. We then evaluate the impact of various hypervisor scheduler and I/O parameters in order to determine good parameter settings for such workloads. Our experiments use the Xen virtualization platform. The results presented in this work will be useful for telecommunication solution providers to understand the capabilities and limitations of virtual environments when deploying their applications.
Fuzzy and neural approaches in engineering (1997)

From the Publisher:
Fuzzy and Neural Approaches in Engineering presents a detailed examination of the fundamentals of fuzzy systems and neural networks and then joins them synergistically - combining the feature extraction and modeling capabilities of the neural network with the representation capabilities of fuzzy systems. Exploring the value of relating genetic algorithms and expert systems to fuzzy and neural technologies, this forward-thinking text highlights an entire range of dynamic possibilities within soft computing. With examples of specifically designed to illuminate key concepts and overcome the obstacles of notation and overly mathematical presentations often encountered in other sources, plus tables, figures, and an up-to-date bibliography, this unique work is both an important reference and a practical guide to neural networks and fuzzy systems.
Differential production of high molecular weight sulfated glycoproteins in normal colonic mucosa, primary colon carcinoma, and metastases. (1987)

Sulfated macromolecules synthesized in tumor and mucosa tissues derived from colorectal cancer patients were labeled with [35S]sulfate and separated into two fractions on DEAE-Sephacel: the slightly acidic peak (peak I) was eluted with 0.2 M NaCl and the highly acidic peak (peak II) was eluted with 0.5 M NaCl. A total of 40 specimens, which included primary colon cancer, liver metastases, and normal mucosa obtained at surgery (16 patients), were examined regarding the amount of peak I and peak II. The amount of peak I significantly decreased in the order of normal mucosa greater than primary tumors greater than metastases, while the amount of peak II did not significantly change among the tissues. Peak I was mostly resistant to chondroitinase ABC and nitrous acid treatment under acidic conditions, whereas combined chondroitinase-sensitive materials and nitrous acid-sensitive materials were greater than 80% of the radioactivity in peak II. The major radioactive component of peak I migrated at a position corresponding to Mr greater than 300,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and became Mr less than 40,000 after alkaline borohydride treatment. The major component of peak I was likely to be a sulfated glycoprotein containing sulfate groups on alkaline labile carbohydrate chains. Peak II consisted of a mixture of heparan sulfate proteoglycans and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Differential incorporation of [35S]sulfate into peak I among normal mucosa, primary colon carcinoma, and colon carcinoma metastasis was observed. Therefore, decreased peak I production may be a biochemical change associated with colorectal cancer progression and metastasis.
Strategies for Preventing and Resolving Temporary Fossilization in Second Language Acquisition (2010)

Based on the practice of college English teaching and learning in China, the paper reviews the phenomenon and causes of the temporary fossilization in second language acquisition and offers some corresponding strategies for preventing and surmounting the obstacles in the hope of promoting the reactivation of the next climax.
Protocol for Measuring the Endurance Capacity of Mice in an Adjustable-current Swimming Pool (2002)

We re-examined the methods used in an adjustable-current swimming pool for evaluating the endurance capacity of mice to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility. We found that the BALB/c strain was most suitable to minimize the variation in time taken to swim to the point of fatigue. We found that precise adjustment of the apparatus and the use of three primary swimming trials to select mice before a study made the swimming time more uniform. This procedure was used to establish a more precise evaluation protocol.
Anisotropy of the piezojunction effect in silicon transistors (2003)

Mechanical stress influences the saturation current of a bipolar transistor by means of the piezojunction effect. This effect can therefore serve to detect stress in micromachined sensors. It has recently been modelled for the relatively low stress levels occurring in those sensors. With the use of this model, the first-order stress sensitivity of the most common transistors can be analysed. It appears that the sensitivity of vertical transistors in both {100} and {111} wafers is isotropic with respect to the stress orientation. However, the sensitivity of lateral transistors is strongly anisotropic on these wafers. This fact is visualised by a number of polar plots.
<i>N</i>-Vinylcarbazole: An Additive for Free Radical Promoted Cationic Polymerization upon Visible Light (2012)

<i>N</i>-Vinylcarbazole is proposed as an additive for epoxy ring-opening polymerization ROP upon visible light exposure. This compound can convert hardly oxidizable radicals to carbon centered radicals by an addition process onto the <i>N</i>-vinylcarbazole double bond. The generated radicals can be further easily oxidized by an iodonium salt thereby leading to efficient initiating cations for the ROP of epoxides. Different visible light photoinitiating systems have been investigated: Type I photoinitiators (derived from phosphine oxides) and dye/iodonium salt couples. The underlying chemical mechanisms are investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments.
Isolation and characterization of anti-Fc RIII (CD16) llama single-domain antibodies that activate natural killer cells (2007)

FcgammaRIII (CD16) plays an important role in the anti-tumor effects of therapeutic antibodies. Bi-specific antibodies (bsAbs) targeting FcgammaRIII represent a powerful alternative to the recruitment of the receptor via the Fc fragment, but are not efficiently produced. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) endowed with many valuable structural features might help to bypass this problem. In the present work, we have isolated anti-FcgammaRIII sdAbs (C21 and C28) from a phage library generated from a llama immunized with FcgammaRIIIB extra-cellular domains. These sdAbs bind FcgammaRIIIA+ NK cells and FcgammaRIIIB+ polymorphonuclear cells, but not FcgammaRI+ or FcgammaRII+ cells, as detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Competition experiments showed that C21 and C28 sdAbs bind different FcgammaRIII epitopes, with C21 recognizing a linear and C28 a conformational epitope of the receptor. Surface plasmon resonance experiments showed that C21 and C28 sdAbs bind FcgammaRIII with a K(D) in the 10 and 80 nM range, respectively. Importantly, the engagement by both molecules of FcgammaRIIIA expressed by transfected Jurkat T cells or by NK cells derived from peripheral blood induced a strong IL-2 and IFN-gamma production, respectively. These anti-FcgammaRIII sdAbs represent versatile tools for generating bsAbs under various formats, able to recruit FcgammaRIII killer cells to target and destroy tumor cells.
HMM-based approach for automatic chord detection using refined acoustic features (2010)

We discuss an HMM-based method for detecting the chord sequence from musical acoustic signals using percussion-suppressed, Fourier-transformed chroma and delta-chroma features. To reduce the interference often caused by percussive sounds in popular music, we use Harmonic/Percussive Sound Separation (HPSS) technique to suppress percussive sounds and to emphasize harmonic sound components. We also use the Fourier transform of chroma to approximately diagonalize the covariance matrix of feature parameters so as to reduce the number of model parameters without degrading performance. It is shown that HMM with the new features yields higher recognition rates (the best in MIREX 2008 audio chord detection task) than that with conventional features.
Proxy prefetch and prefix caching (2001)

Proxy prefetch caching aims to reduce the latency in serving web requests by prefetching objects into the proxy cache in anticipation that they might be requested. Thus, when the clients actually request them, these objects can be served directly from the proxy cache without having to be fetched all the way from the remote server. A key component in proxy prefetch caching is the mechanism to determine the profitability of prefetching. A good prefetch advisor must consider not only factors such as the request probability of the prefetched objects, the network bandwidth, and object size, but also the cache space and those objects already in the cache. A unified framework is therefore needed, under which the prefetch advisor can judge whether prefetching some objects by replacing some other objects in the cache can lead to a reduction in the average user access time. In this paper we introduce a framework that unifies prefetch caching and cache replacement with a single index called object profit. The proposed framework is very general that it can be applied to almost any type of web objects, and it considers network bandwidth, cache capacity and replacement, object size, and analysis simplicity together. We will derive the object profit mathematically and then discuss how to apply the framework in practice. The proposed scheme is evaluated with simulation. As the simulation shows, the latency reduction by using the proposed framework can be maximized.
Transcripts of c-fes Oncogene are Present at Detectable Levels in Total Cellular RNA of Human Myeloid but not Lymphoid Normal and Neoplastic Cells (1985)

Total cellular RNA from a variety of normal and leukemic myeloid and lymphoid cell populations was analysed for the expression of a human cellular oncogene, c-fes, by Northern blot hybridization assays. The probe used was a molecularly cloned human DNA sequence homologous to the 5’, terminal portion of the transforming gene of the feline sarcoma virus, Snyder-Theilen strain. All the myeloid cell populations studied express the c-fes gene as a single 3.5 Kb long mRNA species. The level of expression was found to increase during the myeloid differentiation process. No transcripts of the c-fes gene were detected in the different lymphoid populations studied. The occurence of an RNA complementary to the c-fes sequence appears limited to myeloid populations so a possible relation with myeloid differentiation can be suggested. Moreover it is possible to postulate the use of this sequence as a tool to distinguish normal or neoplastic lymphoid cells from any myeloid population. Neither evident genomic amplification nor genomic rearrangements were detected in the cell DNAs digested with restriction endonucleases using Southern blot hybridization experiments.
Donor primordial germ cell-derived offspring from recipient germline chimaeric chickens: Absence of long term immune rejection and effects on sex ratios (1998)

1. Germline chimaeric chickens were produced by the transfer of primordial germ cells, and the generation of donor-derived offspring was examined for a maximum of 146 weeks. 2. The frequencies of donor-derived offspring from the chimaeras were 47% to 97%, and no apparent changes in frequency were observed with increasing age during the test period. 3. Differentiation of donor primordial germ cells into functional gametes appeared to be restricted to a degree at some developmental stage in the gonads of chimaeric chickens of the opposite sex.
<title>Traffic classification and service in all-optical networks</title> (2002)

All-optical networks require end-to-end lightpaths to be established for traffic to flow. Given that there are no wavelength converters present in the network, each lightpath only accommodate a single wavelength. It is shown that as the lightpaths traverse more hops, the blocking probability increases.This is causes the Fairness Problem. We introduce the Traffic Classification and Service Method (ClaServ), which optimizes the Fairness Problem, as well as reduce the traffic blocking probability when the networks require lower blocking probability. The combination of the Waveband Access Range (WAR) and the Waveband Reservation (WRsv) methods changes the traffic's distribution among the wavebands on each link of the path to control the degree of the interference among the classified traffic. Under certain traffic load, by setting the range of accessible wavebands and reserved wavebands for classified traffic, the network can achieve both the fairness and low blocking probability for all type of traffic. The simulation results show that for a 4x4 Mesh-Torus network the ClaServ method can greatly reduce the blocking probability for longer lightpaths by a factor of 100. It is also described how the ClaServ method can easily be implemented into a distributed signaling protocol.
[Morphologic changes of placentas in cases of intrauterine growth retardation]. (1971)

In more than one third of placentas of 29 hypotrophic new-born the placenta was too small in relation to the placenta-child-weight-index. Histologically most placentas showed lesions of the maturation