gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degradation of spin valve heads under accelerated stress conditions (2001)

The failure mode of spin valve head was studied at various oven temperature and applied current density conditions. The effects on device reliability due to Joule-heat temperature rise, current density, and stress current polarity were investigated by in-situ quasistatic transfer curve measurements. Arrhenius plots of the time to failure (TTF) data show similar activation energy of /spl sim/1 eV for failure criteria of 0.2% resistance decrease and 10% amplitude loss. The device reliability is shown to depend predominantly on the peak sensor temperature. The magnetic field produced by the bias current affects primarily magnetic instability and causes mainly the scattering of life test results.
Treatment with recombinant interferon (alpha-2b) early after bone marrow transplantation in patients at high risk for relapse [corrected]. (1991)

Relapse continues to be a problem after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for hematologic malignancies, particularly in recipients of autologous or T-cell-depleted allogeneic grafts and in patients with advanced disease. Interferon (IFN) has shown antiproliferative activity in several malignant hematologic diseases and potentially may be of benefit when administered early after BMT when the number of residual cells is minimal. We tested in a phase I study the maximum tolerated daily dose of recombinant IFN alpha-2b in patients who had received a transplant for a disease at high risk for relapse (acute myeloid leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma beyond first remission, advanced myelodysplastic syndrome, acute lymphoblastic leukemia at any stage, chronic myeloid leukemia in accelerated or blast phase. Recombinant IFN alpha-2b was started at a dose of 0.5 x 10(6) IU/m2 and escalated by 0.5 x 10(6) IU/m2 in groups of three or four patients. The intention was to administer IFN as soon as stable engraftment after BMT was achieved (defined as an absolute neutrophil count of greater than 2.0 x 10(9)/L and platelet count greater than 100 x 10(9)/L for 5 consecutive days) and continued for 2 months. A total of 14 patients were enrolled after autologous (n = 3) or allogeneic (n = 11) BMT. Dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Significant (grade 2 to 4) neutropenia and thrombocytopenia led to discontinuation or dose reduction in five of eight patients receiving 1.5 x 10(6) or 2 x 10(6) IU/m2 IFN. Mild to moderate (grade 1 or 2) anorexia, weight loss, and fatigue occurred in the majority of patients independent of the IFN dose. De novo acute GVHD responsive to steroid treatment developed in 3 of 11 allograft recipients. Natural killer (NK) cell function was low before IFN treatment and was not improved with the cytokine. Conversely, interleukin-2-activated NK cells showed normal function even before starting IFN and no change was seen during IFN treatment. Clonogenic hematopoietic progenitor studies showed depression of all progenitor lines (colony-forming unit [CFU]-granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte, megakaryocyte, CFU granulocyte-macrophage, burst-forming unit-erythroid) by IFN at all dose levels except at 0.5 x 10(6) IU/m2. Considering this result and the incidence and severity of marrow depression seen at doses greater than 1.0 x 10(6) IU/m2, we would consider this the maximum dose safely tolerated if IFN alpha-2b is administered in this setting for a prolonged course on a daily basis.
Multicomponent Si-Based Amorphous Alloys Produced by Melt Spinning and Their Crystallization Behaviour (1997)

By the addition of some definite transition metals Ni, Cr and Zr to the Si–Al–Fe system, the maximum Si content for formation of an amorphous single phase was extended to 50 and 55 at% Si. The Si-based amorphous alloys are characterized by high values of electrical resistivity (11.7–12.3 μΩm) and hardness (∼930 HV). Their crystallization temperatures exceed 700 K, which is higher by about 100 K than those for Si45Al–Fe–Cr and Si45Al–Fe–Ni quaternary alloys. During heat treatment of an amorphous Si55Al20Fe10Ni5Cr5Zr5 alloy at the temperature above the crystallization temperature, a 6-component Si10Al4Fe2NiCrZr phase with a tetragonal structure having lattice parameters a=0.6890 nm and c=0.9402 nm is formed as a main constituent phase. The difficulty of the precipitation of the multicomponent crystalline phase with the large volume of unit cell during rapid solidification is presumed to be the main reason for the formation of the Si-based amorphous phase.
A role-based secure group communication framework (2008)

Building a secure group communication system is an active research topic. Several studies have focused on achieving a good level of privacy among a group of people via agreement on a shared encryption key. However, there is not much work published on easily manageable, simple, and effective systems that can provide secure communication in a role-based environment. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive solution to the key exchange problem for group communication. A centralized key server is used to produce a key chain, based on recursive hashing, and securely distributing the keys to the recipients according to their roles. The proposed work makes it possible that a user with a higher clearance can audit the communications among the users that are hierarchically below him/her. Moreover, the system has the ability to isolate communications among different groups, which means the compartmentation is reserved.
Breast cancer biomarker measurements and standards (2012)

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by changes in the levels and activities of important cellular proteins, including oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Genetic mutations cause changes in protein activity and protein expression levels that result in the altered metabolism, proliferation, and metastasis seen in cancer cells. The identification of the critical biochemical changes in cancer has led to advances in its detection and treatment. An important example of this is the measurement of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), where increased expression occurs in approximately 20-30% of breast cancer tumors. HER2 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family and is an important biomarker expressed on the cell surface. Measurement of the HER2 levels in tumor cells provides diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment information, because a targeted therapeutic is available. The most common methods to measure HER2 levels are immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays. The accurate and reliable measurements of the specific changes in protein biomarkers for detection and treatment of cancer are important challenges. This review is focused on efforts to improve the quantitation and reliability of cancer biomarkers by using standards and reference materials.
Rapid Tooling: Technologies and Industrial Applications (2000)

From the Publisher:
A complete discussion of the latest rapid tooling technologies in use and under development for the production for molds and manufacturing tools. Describes current applications with various leading companies, supplying information on how RT is used to enhance product development, summarizing major commercial approaches. Height 9.50, Width: 6.25
A Review of Neuropeptide and Neuroendocrine Dysregulation in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa (2003)

Neuropeptides play an important role in the regulation of feeding behavior and obesity. The mechanisms for controlling food intake involve a complicated interplay between peripheral systems (including gustatory stimulation, gastrointestinal peptide secretion, and vagal afferent nerve responses) and central nervous system (CNS) neuropeptides and/or monoamines. These neuronal systems include neuropeptides (CRH, opioids, neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY), vasopressin and oxytocin, CCK, and leptin) and monamines (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine). In addition to regulating eating behavior, a number of CNS neuropeptides participate in the regulation of neuroendocrine pathways. Thus, clinical studies have evaluated the possibility that CNS neuropeptide alterations may contribute to dysregulated secretion of the gonadal hormones, cortisol, thyroid hormones and growth hormone in the eating disorders. Most of the neuroendocrine and neuropeptide alterations apparent during symptomatic episodes of AN and BN tend to normalize after recovery. This observation suggests that most of the disturbances are consequences rather than causes of malnutrition, weight loss and/or altered meal patterns. Still, an understanding of these neuropeptide disturbances may shed light on why many people with AN or BN cannot easily "reverse" their illness and even after weight gain and normalized eating patterns, many individuals who have recovered from AN or BN have physiological, behavioral and psychological symptoms that persist for extended periods of time.
The functional data model and the data languages DAPLEX (1981)

DAPLEX is a database language which incorporates: This paper presents and motivates the DAPLEX language and the underlying data model on which it is based.
Cold-responsive gene regulation during cold acclimation in plants (2010)

Regulation of the transcriptome is necessary for plants to acquire cold tolerance, and cold induces several genes via a cold signaling pathway. The transcription factors CBF/DREB1 (C-repeat binding factor/dehydration responsive element binding1) and ICE1 (inducer of CBF expression1) have important roles in the regulation of cold-responsive gene expression. ICE1 is post-translationally regulated by ubiquitylation-mediated proteolysis and sumoylation. This mini-review highlights some recent studies on plant cold signaling. The relationships among cold signaling, salicylic acid accumulation and stomatal development are also discussed.
Planning the reengineering of legacy systems (1995)

How can you know if reengineering is cost-effective? If it is preferable to new development? Or to maintaining the status quo? The author proposes a way to quantify the costs and prove the benefits of reengineering over other alternatives and offers some advice on contracting a reengineering project.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression of the DNAM-1 ligands, Nectin-2 (CD112) and poliovirus receptor (CD155), on dendritic cells: relevance for natural killer-dendritic cell interaction (2005)

In this study, we demonstrate the involvement of DNAM-1-triggering receptor and its ligands, poliovirus receptor (PVR) and Nectin-2, in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis of dendritic cells (DCs). The surface expression of both ligands was up-regulated in DCs as compared to monocytes. It reached maximal densities after DC maturation induced by different stimuli including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), poly I:C, flagellin, and CD40L. Both immunohistochemical analysis and confocal microscopy revealed expression of DNAM-1 ligands by DCs in lymph nodes in which they were localized in the parafollicular T-cell region and surrounded the high endothelial venules. Remarkably, in cytolytic assays, DNAM-1 cooperated with NKp30 in the NK-mediated killing of both immature and mature DCs and the degree of contribution of DNAM-1 appeared to correlate with the surface densities of its specific ligands PVR and Nectin-2.
Evaluation of internal MRI coils using ultimate intrinsic SNR (2004)

The upper bounds of the signal-to-noise ratio (also known as the "ultimate intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio" (UISNR)) for internal and external coils were calculated. In the calculation, the body was modeled as a dielectric cylinder with a small coaxial cylindrical cavity in which internal coils could be placed. The calculated UISNR values can be used as reference solutions to evaluate the performance of internal MRI coils. As examples, we evaluated the performance of a loopless antenna and an endourethral coil design by comparing their ISNR with the UISNR.
Concepts of Electromagnetic Fields (2017)

This chapter distinguishes between electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. Whether static or variable in time, they each have physical properties that produce specific interactions with biological organisms: plant, animal and human. The chapter presents the concepts of electromagnetism and the associated terminology to provide a better understanding of the interaction mechanisms. The most natural representation of an electric field consists of applying a voltage between two parallel planar electrodes, forming a planar capacitor. The chapter explores how an electromagnetic field created. Wavelength comes into play in the study of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and living organisms. The basic concepts of electromagnetic wave propagation are important for predicting the ambient electromagnetic field level, regardless of the application. In a far field, the concept of wave polarization is important in the study of electromagnetic field absorption by the body of the exposed person.
Hardware Module Design for Ensuring Trust (2010)

Trust in security demanding software platforms is a very important characteristic. For this reason, Trusted computing group has specified a TPM hardware module that can enforce and guaranty a high trust level to all the platform's involved entities. However, the TPM's features can not be fully exploited in systems under extreme physical conditions. To solve this problem, the use of a special purpose hardware module, physically connected to a host security system's device acting as a local trusted third party, has been proposed. In this paper, we propose a hardware structure of such a hardware module, called Autonomous Attestation Token (AAT) and discuss hardware resource constrains and security bottlenecks that can stem from improper design of its various components. From this analysis it can be concluded that the efficiency of the AAT system is closely related to the efficiency of its public key encryption-decryption unit (RSA encryption-decryption module). Thus, we propose a design methodology toward a low hardware resources (small chip covered area) and side channel attack resistant RSA hardware architecture. This architecture is based on a Fault and Simple power attack resistant version of CRT RSA algorithm that is optimized for the AAT core functionality and hardware structure. To achieve that, Montgomery modular multiplication is used with numbers in carry save format and a Fault and simple power attack resistant modular exponentiation algorithm (FSME) is developed based on this multiplication approach. The hardware structure, realizing the FSME algorithm, is the most complex and resource demanding part of the CRT RSA architecture and its behavior is discussed after implementing it in FPGA technology. The proposed architecture's implementation provides very optimistic results of very low chip covered area and high computation speed thus verifying the efficiency of the proposed algorithms and architecture design approach.
Concept for monitoring fiber Bragg grating fabrication process (2003)

Complex coupling coefficient along a fiber Bragg grating under fabrication is derived from its complex reflection coefficient measured at a single wavelength thus offering a concept for a closed-loop grating fabrication system.
Synthesis and characterization of (Ba<sub>x</sub>Sr<sub>1−x</sub>)Ti<sub>1+y</sub>O<sub>3+z</sub>thin films and integration into microwave varactors and phase shifters (2001)

Abstract Precise control of composition and microstructure is critical for the production of (BaxSr1−x)Ti1+yO3+z (BST) dielectric thin films with the large dependence of permittivity on electric field, low losses, and high electrical breakdown fields that are required for successful integration of BST into tunable high frequency devices. Here we review recent results on composition-microstructure-electrical property relationships of polycrystalline BST films produced by magnetron sputter deposition, that are appropriate for microwave devices such as phase shifters. Films with controlled compositions were grown from a stoichiometric Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 target by control of the background processing gas pressure. It was determined that the (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratios of these BST films could be adjusted from 0.73 to 0.98 by changing the total (Ar+O2) process pressure, while the O2/Ar ratio did not strongly affect the metal ion composition. Film crystalline structure and dielectric properties as a function of the (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio are discussed. Optimized BST layers yielded capacitors with low dielectric losses (0.0047), among the best reported for sputtered BST, while still maintaining tunabili-ties suitable for device applications. These BST films were used to produce distributed-cir-cuit phase-shifters, using a discrete periodic loading of a coplanar waveguide with integrated BST varactors on high-resistivity silicon. Phase shifters yielding 30 degrees of phase shift per dB of insertion loss were demonstrated at 20GHz.
Effects of dietary polyphenol-rich grape products on intestinal microflora and gut morphology in broiler chicks (2011)

Grapes have high amounts of phenolic compounds, which can modulate the gut activity as well as modify the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiological activity of avoparcin, grape pomace concentrate, and grape seed extract was evaluated in an in vitro study. An in vivo experiment was also conducted to study the effect of the inclusion of grape pomace concentrate and grape seed extract in the diet of broiler chicks on performance, intestinal microflora (by cultured and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology), and gut morphology at 21 d of age. Dietary treatments included an antibiotic-free diet (CON), a positive control (AVP; 50 mg/kg of avoparcin), and antibiotic-free diets containing grape pomace concentrate (GPC; 60 g/kg) or grape seed extract (GSE; 7.2 g/kg). Performance was not affected by dietary treatment except in the case of birds fed the GSE diet, which showed decreased weight gain. In the ileal content, birds fed CON and GSE diets had the highest populations of Lactobacillus. Compared with the CON diet, the AVP, GPC, and GSE diets increased the populations of Enterococcus and decreased the counts of Clostridium in the ileal content. In the cecal digesta, birds fed GPC and GSE diets had higher populations of Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium than birds in any other treatment group. Animals fed GPC and GSE diets showed a higher biodiversity degree than those fed control diets. The frequency of detection of several potential phenol-degrading bacteria as well as unidentified and uncultured organisms was increased in animals fed GPC and GSE diets. Birds fed the CON diet had longer villi and deeper crypt depth than birds in any other treatment group. The highest villi height:crypt depth ratio corresponded to birds fed GPC and AVP diets and the lowest to those fed CON and GSE diets. In conclusion, dietary polyphenol-rich grape products modify the gut morphology and intestinal microflora and increase the biodiversity degree of intestinal bacteria in broiler chicks.
The use of non–physical standards in colour communication and matching (1997)

As a result of developments in spectrophotometry, together with improved accuracy in computer colour matching and laboratory dyeing, non–physical standards (reflectance data) can now be used for the successful communication, matching and quality control of colour. In colour palette generation, ‘matching by numbers’ has become a reality.
Design & Implementation of a Co-processor for Embedded, Real-Time, Speaker-Independent, Continuous Speech Recognition System-on-a-Chip (2006)

This thesis aims to break the myth that multi-GHz machines are required for processing speaker-independent, continuous speech recognition based on full models performing full-precision computations in real-time. Through the design of a custom hardware architecture this research shows that 100 MHz is sufficient to process a 1,000 word dictionary in real-time. The design and implementation of the architecture is discussed in this thesis. It is shown that this implementation requires limited hardware resources and therefore can be incorporated as a dedicated speech recognition co-processor.The system comprises of three major blocks corresponding to Acoustic, Phonetic and Word Modeling. For maximum performance, each of the blocks has been implemented in a highly pipelined manner, thereby enabling the computation of several quantities simultaneously. Further, fewer computations implies lower power consumption. To achieve this, optimizations at every stage of the computations have been made by incorporating feedback which enables the computation of only active data at any given time instant. For ensuring a scalable implementation, a dynamic memory allocation scheme has also been incorporated which helps manage the internal memory.Amongst the three blocks, Acoustic Modeling contributes between 55-95% towards the overall computations performed by the system. Therefore special attention was paid onto the computations in Acoustic Modeling and a new computation reduction technique, bestN, is proposed. This technique addresses both the bandwidth requirement and the complexity of the computations. It is shown that for little loss in relative accuracy, only 8-bit integer micro-addition operations are required while traditional systems need numerous 32-bit multiply and add operations. This technique also helps address the bandwidth requirement of the system by requiring 1/8th the bandwidth of traditional methods, and for the same bus bandwidth, an 8x speedup in performance can be achieved.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A PLASMA MEMBRANE FRACTION FROM ISOLATED FAT CELLS (1970)

A rapid method of preparing plasma membranes from isolated fat cells is described. After homogenization of the cells, various fractions were isolated by differential centrifugation and linear gradients. Ficoll gradients were preferred because total preparation time was under 3 hr. The density of the plasma membranes was 1.14 in sucrose. The plasma membrane fraction was virtually uncontaminated by nuclei but contained 10% of the mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenase activity and 25-30% of the RNA and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cytochrome c reductase activity of the microsomal fraction. Part of the RNA and NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity was believed to be native to the plasma membrane or to the attached endoplasmic reticulum membranes demonstrated by electron microscopy. The adenyl cyclase activity of the plasma membrane fraction was five times that of Rodbell's "ghost" preparation and retained sensitivity to epinephrine. The plasma membrane ATPase activity was five times that of the homogenate and microsomal fractions. Electron microscopic evidence suggested contamination of the plasma membrane fraction by other subcellular components to be less than the biochemical data indicated.