gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural networks for pattern discovery and optimization in signal processing and applications (2002)

The article is intended to advance both conceptual and implementation techniques of supervised and discovery-driven neural networks in noisy time varying signal processing applications. Successful neural networks and their significance in applications are based on; selection of proper theoretical algorithms for learning, appropriate selection of the sequencing of signal processing tasks, and efficient VLSI system implementation. We present a pattern discovery self organizing feature map (SOFM), followed by a recurrent dynamic neural network (RDNN) algorithm for signal representation and processing. This approach combines the benefits of RDNNs with its SOFM counter part. Preliminary designs, implementations, test results and validation of silicon-chips for each of the above neural network approach are also presented.
The protein phosphatase 2A subunit Bγ gene is identified to be differentially expressed in malignant melanomas by subtractive suppression hybridization (2001)

Several genes implicated in the development of various malignancies appear to be of minor relevance in melanoma. We therefore aimed to find a tumour suppressor candidate involved in this malignancy by comparing gene expression in uncultured primary melanoma specimens with those in acquired melanocytic naevi, from which quite often melanomas are known to arise. Applying the subtractive suppression hybridization technique, we generated a subtracted library of candidate genes downregulated in melanoma. Among the cDNA fragments identical to known genes, this library included a cDNA fragment 630 bp in length that is identical to the gene for the human protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit B (B56) gamma isoform (PP2A-Bgamma, PPP2R5C). On further evaluation of 15 primary melanoma and 16 acquired melanocytic naevus tissue specimens from independent patients using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, expression of this gene was found to be suppressed in melanomas compared with naevi; the difference was statistically significant. As PP2A is known to be a major cellular serine-threonine phosphatase, and has been implicated not only in the regulation of cell growth and division but also in the control of gene transcription and growth factor signal transduction, alterations in the pattern of the regulatory subunits may affect substrate specificity and subcellular localization of the PP2A holoenzyme in melanoma cells.
Degradation Kinetics for Polymer Mixtures in Solution (2001)

The degradation rate of a polymer mixture depends on the particular polymer mixture, and the presence of a second polymer can increase, decrease, or not affect the degradation rate of the first polymer. The degradation rates of poly(vinyl acetate) in both the presence and absence of polystyrene at various temperatures (220−250 °C) were experimentally determined. The molecular weight distributions of the polymers were obtained by analyzing the samples by gel permeation chromatography. Continuous distribution kinetics were employed for determining the degradation rates of binary polymer mixtures. The results indicated that, because of the interaction of mixed radicals with polymer by hydrogen abstraction, the degradation rates of poly(vinyl acetate) are considerably enhanced in the presence of polystyrene, while the degradation rate of polystyrene decreases.
PAVEMENT CONDITION DATA ANALYSIS AND MODELING (1986)

To maximize the benefits of pavement management, a reliable method of pavement condition forecasting is extremely important. Described is a methodology for pavement condition data analysis and a modeling technique for use in the PAVER pavement management system. The latest PAVER data bases from 18 civilian agencies and 2 military installations were used to verify this methodology. Several models were developed for each location to account for the wide variety of factors affecting pavement performance. Relevant information of the pavement sections was organized into pavement families; a family is defined by the pavement type, pavement rank, and pavement functional classification. A screening procedure was designed to examine the data retrieved for obvious errors. A statistical outliers analysis was implemented to detect any unusual observations. The family model accepted for pavement condition index prediction was developed from the pavement AGE variable averaged every 3 years to obtain a representative point for each 3-year period. This point was then used in the final polynomial regression analysis. Pavement condition forecasting for each section was accomplished by customizing the prediction depending on the present condition in relation to the family curve. The family models were designed for continuous update as more data are gathered for a given location and entered in the PAVER data base.
Subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson disease: benefits observed in levodopa-intolerant patients (2001)

Consistent with earlier findings, the great benefit of STN stimulation in levodopa-intolerant patients is that STN stimulation can reduce the level of required levodopa medication. This suggests that STN stimulation could be a therapeutic option for patients with less-advanced PD by allowing levodopa medication to be maintained at as low a dose as possible, and to prevent adverse reactions to the continued use of large-dose levodopa.
Pumpkin Phloem Lectin Genes Are Specifically Expressed in Companion Cells (1992)

Dwight E. Bostwick, Joanne M. Dannenhoffer, Megan I. Skaggs, Richard M. Lister, Brian A. Larkins, Gary A. Thompson, Pumpkin Phloem Lectin Genes Are Specifically Expressed in Companion Cells, The Plant Cell, Vol. 4, No. 12 (Dec., 1992), pp. 1539-1548
Differences between Men and Women in the Clinical Presentation of Patients Diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (2005)

At the time of OSAS diagnosis, women with OSAS are more likely to be treated for depression, to have insomnia, and to have hypothyroidism than are men with the same degree of OSAS.
A new UWB-principle for sensor-array application (2003)

The paper presents a simple principle to measure the transfer function or rather the impulse response of ultrawideband systems. The main aspects of the new measurement head are its flexibility of application, its measurement speed and the possibility of a full circuit integration, which results in small, robust, lightweight and low cost devices with low power consumption. Beside this, the method allows the measurement of multi-port devices and it has a good suppression of perturbation signals. These advantages may be exploited in a great variety of microwave sensing applications, covering single sensor and array arrangements.
A22 Disrupts the Bacterial Actin Cytoskeleton by Directly Binding and Inducing a Low-Affinity State in MreB (2009)

S-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)isothiourea (A22) disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of bacteria, causing defects of morphology and chromosome segregation. Previous studies have suggested that the actin homologue MreB itself is the target of A22, but there has been no direct observation of A22 binding to MreB and no mechanistic explanation of its mode of action. We show that A22 binds MreB with at least micromolar affinity in its nucleotide-binding pocket in a manner that is sterically incompatible with simultaneous ATP binding. A22 negatively affects both the time course and extent of MreB polymerization in vitro in the presence of ATP. A22 prevents assembly of MreB into long, rigid polymers, as determined by both fluorescence microscopy and sedimentation assays. A22 increases the critical concentration of ATP-bound MreB assembly from 500 nM to approximately 2000 nM. We therefore conclude that A22 is a competitive inhibitor of ATP binding to MreB. A22-bound MreB is capable of polymerization, but with assembly properties that more closely resemble those of the ADP-bound state. Because the cellular concentration of MreB is in the low micromolar range, this mechanism explains the ability of A22 to largely disassemble the actin cytoskeleton in bacterial cells. It also represents a novel mode of action for a cytoskeletal drug and the first biochemical characterization of the interaction between a small molecule inhibitor of the bacterial cytoskeleton and its target.
Synthesis and reactions of 5-bromoskatole and 5-bromo-1,3-dimethylindole (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactions of 5-bromoskatole and 5-bromo-1,3-dimethylindoleWayland E. Noland and Charles ReichCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 3, 828–832Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01278a077https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01278a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: an intricate machinery that shapes transcriptomes (2015)

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is probably the best characterized eukaryotic RNA degradation pathway. Through intricate steps, a set of NMD factors recognize and degrade mRNAs with translation termination codons that are positioned in abnormal contexts. However, NMD is not only part of a general cellular quality control system that prevents the production of aberrant proteins. Mammalian cells also depend on NMD to dynamically adjust their transcriptomes and their proteomes to varying physiological conditions. In this Review, we discuss how NMD targets mRNAs, the types of mRNAs that are targeted, and the roles of NMD in cellular stress, differentiation and maturation processes.
Phase and Size Controllable Synthesis of NaYbF<sub>4</sub> Nanocrystals in Oleic Acid/ Ionic Liquid Two-Phase System for Targeted Fluorescent Imaging of Gastric Cancer (2013)

Upconversion nanocrystals with small size and strong fluorescent signals own great potential in applications such as biomolecule-labeling, in vivo tracking and molecular imaging. Herein we reported that NaYbF4: 25%Gd, 2%Tm upconversion nanocrystals with small size and strong fluorescent signals were controllably synthesized by oleic acid (OA)/ ionic liquid (IL) two-phase system for targeted fluorescent imaging of gastric cancer in vivo. The optimal synthesis condition of NaYbF4: 25%Gd, 2%Tm upconversion nanocrystals by OA/IL two-phase system was established, adding more metal ion such as Na(+) ion could facilitate the size control and crystal-phase transition, more importantly, markedly enhancing fluorescent intensity of beta-phase nanocrystals compared with traditional methods. Alpha-phase NaYbF4, 2%Tm upconversion nanocrystals with less than 10nm in diameter and beta-phase NaYbF4: 25%Gd, 2%Tm upconversion nanocrystals with 30 nm or so in diameter and strong fluorescent signals were obtained, these synthesized nanocrystals exhibited very low cytotoxicity. Folic acid-conjugated silica-modified beta-phase NaYbF4: 25%Gd, 2%Tm upconversion nanocrystals were prepared, could actively target gastric cancer tissues implanted into nude mice in vivo, and realized targeted fluorescent imaging. Folic acid-conjugated silica-modified NaYbF4: 25%Gd, 2%Tm upconversion nanocrystals show great potential in applications such as targeted near infared radiation fluorescent imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and targeted therapy of gastric cancer in the near future.
A Design of the Inverted Index Based on Web Document Comprehending (2011)

A design of inverted index based on web document comprehending is induced and the algorithm is presented by combining the inverted index and the web documents understanding technology. Experimental results show that less time is cost than the traditional inverted index to query in the documents with the same size.
Mobile teleworking some solutions and information security aspects (2002)

Mobile teleworking is carried out by secure access to a company's local area network (LAN) or to a server via public networks. It can be realized by using virtual private network (VPN) technology based on the Internet protocol (IP). Another possibility is the direct access to a LAN using the public networks GSM and Euro-ISDN. These two solutions are described. Security and operational aspects are also considered. It is pointed out that the solution based on hardware encryption devices, guarantees a very high level of security.
Embedded HEMT/metamaterial composite devices for active terahertz modulation (2010)

The first gallium arsenide (GaAs) High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) based metamaterial is demonstrated and used to modulate an electromagnetic signal of 0.55 THz at speeds up to 10MHz. The devices are constructed using a commercial GaAs technology primarily used for mobile phone technology. The metamaterial was constructed using a classical Double Electric Split Ring Resonator (DESRR) using a gold metal layer available in the technology. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photograph shows one element of the array. The HEMT was placed underneath the split gap with the drain and source connected to the split gap of the resonator. This allows to change the property of the metamaterial by applying gate bias voltage to the HEMT switch.
Measurement of Transmission Properties of HBC Channel and Its Impulse Response Model (2015)

In human body communication (HBC), the human body is used as a medium for transmitting data between devices in order to replace wired and wireless technologies. This paper presents the measurement results on the transmission properties of an HBC channel and an impulse response model for the HBC channel. The HBC channel was measured with respect to multiple subjects, and the channel parameters were then obtained to analyze the subject dependency of the HBC channel. The HBC channel was modeled using impulse responses that were obtained from the measured channels. The measurement results and the impulse response model can be effectively used to estimate the performance of HBC devices, which is significantly influenced by an HBC channel.
Roomware© (2002)

In this paper, we describe our 'Formal Demonstration Presentation' and provide background information on the video published in the video proceedings. The presentation provides an account of the development of the second generation of roomware© components based on our experiences with the first generation. The redesign, resp. new design and implementation resulted in a comprehensive environment consisting of several different roomware components and software facilitating new forms of human computer interaction and cooperation. We present the second generation consisting of: DynaWall, InteracTable, CommChairs, ConnecTable, and the Passage mechanism, together with the corresponding software BEACH, PalmBeach, and MagNets.
Mapping of immunodominant B-cell epitopes and the human serum albumin-binding site in natural hepatitis B virus surface antigen of defined genosubtype (2000)

Twelve MAbs were generated by immunization of BALB/c mice with plasma-derived hepatitis B virus surface spherical antigen particles subtype ayw2 (HBsAg/ayw2 genotype D). Their epitopes were mapped by analysis of reactivity with plasma-derived HBsAg/ayw2 and HBsAg/adw2 (genotype A) in enzyme immunoassays and blots. Mapping was supported by nested sets of truncated preS2 proteins and preS2 peptides. Five antibodies were S domain-specific, seven were preS2-specific and 11 had a preference for genotype D. According to our data, group I of the three known epitope groups of preS2 has to be divided into IA and IB. Three preS2-specific MAbs forming the new group IA reacted with genotype D residues 3-15 which have not yet been described as an epitope region. IA antibodies strongly inhibited the binding of polymerized human serum albumin. Two antibodies (group II) reacted with the glycosylated N-terminal region of preS2 in plasma-derived HBsAg, but not with a preparation from transfected murine cells. One group III antibody was subtype-specific and reacted with the highly variable preS2 sequence 38-48. Only one antibody (group IB) mapped to the region (old group I) which was believed to be immunodominant and genotype-independent. Geno(sub)type-specific epitopes of preS2 are obviously the immunodominant components of natural HBsAg in BALB/c mice, but these epitopes may be masked by serum albumins in humans. The data may explain why it is difficult to detect anti-preS2 antibodies in human recipients of preS2-containing vaccines, in spite of the preS2 immunodominance in mice.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial of intradiscal methylene blue injection for the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain (2010)

A preliminary report of clinical study revealed that chronic discogenic low back pain could be treated by intradiscal methylene blue (MB) injection. We investigated the effect of intradiscal MB injection for the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. We recruited 136 patients who were found potentially eligible after clinical examination and 72 became eligible after discography. All the patients had discogenic low back pain lasting longer than 6 months, with no comorbidity. Thirty-six were allocated to intradiscal MB injection and 36 to placebo treatment. The principal criteria to judge the effectiveness included alleviation of pain, assessed by a 101-point numerical rating scale (NRS-101), and improvement in disability, as assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for functional recovery. At the 24-month follow-up, both the groups differed substantially with respect to the primary outcomes. The patients in MB injection group showed a mean reduction in pain measured by NRS of 52.50, a mean reduction in Oswestry disability scores of 35.58, and satisfaction rates of 91.6%, compared with 0.70%, 1.68%, and 14.3%, respectively, in placebo treatment group (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). No adverse effects or complications were found in the group of patients treated with intradiscal MB injection. The current clinical trial indicates that the injection of methylene blue into the painful disc is a safe, effective and minimally invasive method for the treatment of intractable and incapacitating discogenic low back pain.
The design of multiplierless FIR filters with a minimum adder step and reduced hardware complexity (2006)

We propose an algorithm for reducing the hardware complexity of linear phase FIR digital filters without resorting to an increase in the number of adder steps in the multiplier block adders. We aggressively reduce both the coefficient wordlength and the number of non-zero bits in the filter coefficients so that the adder step can be minimized. The hardware implementation of the coefficients is such that the number of full adders is proportional to the product of the input signal wordlength and the number of adders. That is, in general, the number of full adders is independent of the coefficient wordlength and the number of shifts between nonzero bits in the coefficient. Results show that the proposed technique achieves a 67% and 71% reduction in the number of multiplier block adders and the number of multiplier block full adders respectively. Our technique has been successfully applied to filters with up to 500 taps.
DIVE A multi-user virtual reality system (2002)

The Distributed Interactive Virtual Environment (DIVE) is a heterogeneous distributed virtual reality system based on UNIX and Internet networking protocols. Each participating process has a copy of a replicated database and changes are propagated to the other processes with reliable multicast protocols. DIVE provides a dynamic virtual environment where applications and users can enter and leave the environment on demand. Several user-related abstractions have been introduced to ease the task of application and user interface construction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Word-Frequency Effect and Errors in the Perception of Speech (1963)

The following interpretation of the word frequency effect—the tendency for common words to be perceived correctly at much lower speech to-noise ratios than uncommon words—was proposed and verified experimentally. When a stimulus word is only a few decibels below its intelligibility threshold, many of its features—the number of syllables, for example—are still perceived correctly. If enough such features are heard, then only a small number of English words will be consistent with them. Subjects' incorrect responses will be taken from that small set of words, and furthermore they will usually be the relatively common words in the set. If the stimulus is an uncommon word and there are common English words that are phonetically quite similar to it, then these common words will usually be given as (incorrect) responses except at quite high speech-to noise ratios. This interpretation is confirmed by an analysis of errors in an articulation test. The results show that all subjects tend to give the same incorrect responses, that these incorrect responses are usually more common than the stimuli to which they were given, and that, when a word is not confused with another in this way, its threshold is relatively low regardless of its frequency of occurrence in English usage.
Hydrolysis of 4‐methylumbelliferyl butyrate: A convenient and sensitive fluorescent assay for lipase activity (1985)

Abstract A rapid, sensitive and convenient fluorescent assay was developed to screen for lipase activity. The non‐fluorescent substrate, 4‐methylumbelliferyl butyrate (4‐MUB), solubilized in either liposomal dispersions or bile salt/lecithin mixed micelles, is hydrolyzed to butyric acid and the highly fluorescent compound, 4‐methylumbelliferone (4‐MU). Assays are run at 37 C for 10 min, terminated, and the changes in fluorescence quantitated with a Turner III fluorometer. Both lingual and pancreatic lipases exhibit activity against this artificial substrate. The assay has several advantages: nmoles 4 MU/ml/hr are measured allowing the detection of very low lipolytic activity; multiple samples may be simultaneously assayed, and only a brief incubation period is required.