gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moment Matching for Multi-Source Domain Adaptation (2018)

Conventional unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) assumes that training data are sampled from a single domain. This neglects the more practical scenario where training data are collected from multiple sources, requiring multi-source domain adaptation. We make three major contributions towards addressing this problem. First, we collect and annotate by far the largest UDA dataset, called DomainNet, which contains six domains and about 0.6 million images distributed among 345 categories, addressing the gap in data availability for multi-source UDA research. Second, we propose a new deep learning approach, Moment Matching for Multi-Source Domain Adaptation M3SDA, which aims to transfer knowledge learned from multiple labeled source domains to an unlabeled target domain by dynamically aligning moments of their feature distributions. Third, we provide new theoretical insights specifically for moment matching approaches in both single and multiple source domain adaptation. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the power of our new dataset in benchmarking state-of-the-art multi-source domain adaptation methods, as well as the advantage of our proposed model. Dataset and Code are available at \url{http://ai.bu.edu/M3SDA/}.
Analog design in deep submicron CMOS processes for LHC (1999)

Present state-of-the-art CMOS technologies integrate MOS transistors with a minimum gate length of 0.18 Pm0.25 Pm and operate with a maximum power supply of 2.5 V. The thin gate oxide used in these technologies has a high tolerance to total dose effects. Therefore, circuits designed in these technologies using dedicated layout techniques (enclosed layout transistors and guard-rings) show a total dose resistance complying LHC specifications [1]. Some of the integrated circuits for LHC have moreover strict requirement on integration and low power consumption, especially in the inner parts of the detectors. A deep submicron technology is therefore a very suitable choice for digital ASIC design, whereas its use for analog and mixed-mode circuits must be investigated more carefully. Commercial submicron technologies are in fact mainly intended for large volume digital applications. The data available from the manufacturers concerning properties like noise and matching may be not completely satisfactory from the analog designer’s point of view. The power supply allowed by a typical 0.25 Pm technology (2.5 V) is almost at the edge of the use of standard analog design techniques. This is of particular concern, for instance, for circuits like switched capacitors analog memories, which are extensively used in high energy physics applications. A submicron technology offers however attractive features also to the analog designer. The many layers of interconnects can be used to improve the quality of analog signals, especially in mixed-mode designs. Due to the squeezed design rules, also density can improve, though not in the same proportion as for digital circuits. The aim of this work is to investigate the analog performances of commercial 0.25 Pm CMOS technologies. In section 2 we discuss the main design aspects which have to be considered in using a deep submicron technology for analog and mixed-mode design. Section 3 describes the test structures we have designed to investigate the analog performances of the technologies and in section 4 measurements performed on such structures are presented.
A New Method for Software Test Data Generation Inspired by D-algorithm (2019)

Test generation for digital hardware is highly automated, scalable (in practice), and provides high test quality. In contrast, current software automatic test data generation approaches suffer from low test quality or high complexity. While mutation-oriented constraint-based test data generation for software was proposed to generate high quality test data for real program bugs, all existing approaches require symbolic analysis for the whole program, and hence are not scalable even for unit testing, i.e., testing the lowest-level software modules. We propose a new method inspired by hardware D-algorithm and divide and conquer for software test data generation. To reduce runtime complexity and improve scalability, we combine global structural analysis and a sequence of small reusable symbolic analyses of parts of the program, instead of symbolically executing each mutated version of the entire program. We also propose a multi-pass test generation system to further reduce runtime complexity and compact test data. We compare our tools with one of the best software test generation tools (EvoSuite[20], which won the SBST 2017 tool competition) and demonstrate that our approach generates higher quality unit tests in a scalable manner and provides a compact set of tests.
Dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in cancer (2011)

Altered sphingolipid metabolism contributes to cancer progression and presents an exploitable target for the development of novel chemotherapeutics. Bioactive sphingolipid metabolites also have the potential to serve as vital biomarkers for cancer and be utilized to determine disease progression, as well as guide therapeutic regimens. Moreover, identification of these sphingolipid biomarkers is achievable based on recent technological advances in sphingolipidomics, which have aided in detection of sphingolipid metabolites through tools like mass spectrometry. Excellent reviews have previously focused on the biochemical role that sphingolipids have in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. The aim of this review is to concentrate on the critical metabolites and enzymes that contribute to the dysregulation in sphingolipid metabolism, and highlight relevant translational research that is directed towards novel therapies.
Pseudocapacitance of MXene nanosheets for high-power sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (2015)

High-power Na-ion batteries have tremendous potential in various large-scale applications. However, conventional charge storage through ion intercalation or double-layer formation cannot satisfy the requirements of such applications owing to the slow kinetics of ion intercalation and the small capacitance of the double layer. The present work demonstrates that the pseudocapacitance of the nanosheet compound MXene Ti2C achieves a higher specific capacity relative to double-layer capacitor electrodes and a higher rate capability relative to ion intercalation electrodes. By utilizing the pseudocapacitance as a negative electrode, the prototype Na-ion full cell consisting of an alluaudite Na2Fe2(SO4)3 positive electrode and an MXene Ti2C negative electrode operates at a relatively high voltage of 2.4 V and delivers 90 and 40 mAh g(-1) at 1.0 and 5.0 A g(-1) (based on the weight of the negative electrode), respectively, which are not attainable by conventional electrochemical energy storage systems.
Micrometeorological determinants of pedestrian thermal exposure during record-breaking heat in Tempe, Arizona: Introducing the MaRTy observational platform (2019)

We report the first set of urban micrometeorological measurements for assessment of pedestrian thermal exposure during extreme heat in a dry climate. Hourly measurements of air temperature, humidity, wind speed and six-directional shortwave and longwave radiation were recorded with a mobile human-biometeorological station (MaRTy) from 10:00 to 21:00 local time, June 19, 2016, at 22 sites that include diverse microscale urban land cover. Sky view factor (SVF) and 360° pervious and impervious view factors for each location were calculated from six-directional fisheye photographs. Mean radiant temperature (T<sub>MRT</sub>) was determined using the six-directional method. Three-dimensional radiation budgets were decomposed into directional weighted shortwave and longwave radiation components to create a distinct T<sub>MRT</sub> profile for each site and determine the main drivers of T<sub>MRT</sub> and thermal exposure. Air temperature peaked locally at 48.5 °C, with a maximum T<sub>MRT</sub> of 76.4 °C at 15:00 MST in an east-west building canyon. Longwave radiation measured by laterally-oriented sensors dominated the T<sub>MRT</sub> budget, suggesting the importance of cooling vertical surfaces adjacent to pedestrians. Lateral shortwave radiation contributions were most spatially and temporally variable across T<sub>MRT</sub> profiles, reflecting the diverse shade conditions. The largest radiation fluxes contributing to T<sub>MRT</sub> were particularly sensitive to shade and secondarily to ground cover. Trees reduced afternoon T<sub>MRT</sub> up to 33.4 °C but exhibited a clear T<sub>MRT</sub> increase of up to 5 °C after sunset; during daytime, trees generated ground cover-dependent longwave radiant cooling or warming. Replacement of impervious with pervious ground cover cooled T<sub>MRT</sub> at all measurement times, even under dense tree shade. While recent work has found that adaptation cannot offset projected urban air temperature increases, outdoor thermal exposure depends on additional micrometeorological variables, including shortwave and longwave radiation, indicating the need and the opportunity to create pedestrian spaces that are radiantly cool within the context of future urban heat.
CO<sub>2</sub>-controlled sampling of alveolar gas in mechanically ventilated patients (2001)

A newly designed gas-sampling device using end-tidal CO(2) to separate dead space gas from alveolar gas was evaluated in 12 mechanically ventilated patients. For that purpose, CO(2)-controlled sampling was compared with mixed expiratory sampling. Alveolar sampling valves were easily controlled via CO(2) concentration. Concentrations of four volatile substances were determined in the expired and inspired gas. Isoflurane and isoprene, which did not occur in the inspired air, had ratios of end-tidal to mixed expired concentrations of 1.75 and 1.81, respectively. Acetone and pentane, found in both the inspired and expired air, showed ratios of 0.96 and 1.0, respectively. Precision of concentration measurements was between 2.4% (isoprene) and 11.2% (isoflurane); reproducibility (as coefficient of variation) was 5%. Because the only possible source of isoflurane and isoprene in this setting was patients' blood, selective enrichment of alveolar gas was demonstrated. By using the new sampling technique, sensitivity of breath analysis was nearly doubled.
Kernspintomographie des Felsenbeins und Kleinhirnbrückenwinkels (1985)

Proton nuclear resonance tomography, also called magnetic resonance imaging, is a new imaging procedure which makes it possible to obtain tomographic cuts of the petrous bone in three planes. It is complementary to CT and is able to demonstrate the small structures of the inner ear and of the cerebello-pontine angle, without bone artefacts and without overlap or distortion. By using special surface coils combined with thin sections and a gradient-zoom technique, it is possible to obtain high resolution images which equal those of modern CT. By choosing suitable exposure parameters and a multi-echo technique, one can obtain excellent tissue contrast without using positive or negative contrast media.
A novel maximum power point tracking technique for solar panels using a SEPIC or Cuk converter (2003)

A novel technique for efficiently extracting the maximum output power from a solar panel under varying meteorological conditions is presented. The methodology is based on connecting a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) DC/DC SEPIC or Cuk converter between a solar panel and a load or battery bus. The converter operates in discontinuous capacitor voltage mode whilst its input current is continuous. By modulating a small-signal sinusoidal perturbation into the duty cycle of the main switch and comparing the maximum variation in the input voltage and the voltage stress of the main switch, the maximum power point (MPP) of the panel can be located. The nominal duty cycle of the main switch in the converter is adjusted to a value, so that the input resistance of the converter is equal to the equivalent output resistance of the solar panel at the MPP. This approach ensures maximum power transfer under all conditions without using microprocessors for calculation. Detailed mathematical derivations of the MPP tracking technique are included. The tracking capability of the proposed technique has been verified experimentally with a 10-W solar panel at different insolation (incident solar radiation) levels and under large-signal insolation level changes.
An eye on sickle cell retinopathy (2014)

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An Experimental Study of the Wounding Mechanism of High-velocity Missiles (1941)

[he fact that' the amount of tissue destruction caused by small high-velocity bomb splinters may be out of all pro portion to their size has been recognized for some time, and was the subject of correspondence in this Journal (1940, July 13 and 27). More 6bvious explanations of the disproportion between size of wound and size of missile for example, that it is due to the irregular shape of the splinters and to their rotary movement (Wilson, 1940) appear inadequate to explain the phenomenon, and it was therefore suggested (Zuckerman, 1940) that a more reason able interpretation lies along the lines suggested by Cranz and Becker (1921) in their analysis of the effects of high velocity missiles in soft media. If the physical explanations of Cranz and Becker are applicable to splinter wounds in flesh it would appear that the destructive effect of a small splinter is due to the motion imparted to the soft medium through which it passes, as a result of which the tissue is moved away violently from the track of the missile, an effect being produced similar to that of an internal explosion. Observation also shows that splinters have little rotary effect in those media in which their effect has been studied It has been found, too, that non-spinning projectiles fired from a .mooth bore have an explosive effect in media such as mud (Cranz and Becker). It is thus improbable that the damage which occurs in the neighbourhood of the actual track of a splinter would be seriously altered by any peculiarities of shape or by any rotation. On the other hand, shape and rotation could undoubtedly have an effect on the track itself. The experiments described in this paper have been de signed to test this interpretation.
Inulin controls inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized-controlled clinical trial (2013)

There is limited evidence on the effects of prebiotics on inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inulin supplementation on inflammatory indices and metabolic endotoxemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The participants included diabetic females (n = 49). They were divided into an intervention group (n = 24) as well as a control group (n = 25) and received 10 g/d inulin or maltodextrin for 8 weeks, respectively. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, insulin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured pre and post intervention. Inulin-supplemented patients exhibited a significant decrease in FBS (8.5%), HbA1c (10.4%), fasting insulin (34.3%), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (39.5%), hs-CRP (35.6%), TNF-α (23.1%), and LPS (27.9%) compared with the maltodextrin group (p < 0.05). Increase in IL-10 was not significant in inulin compared with the maltodextrin group. It can be concluded that inulin supplementation seems to be able to modulate inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)- and (R)-Salsolidine (1977)

Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of (S)-and (R)-salsolidine ( ) with BPPM(1)-, APPM(3-and PPPM(4)-rhodium complexes was found to proceed in 34-45% optical yields, while its optical yields and absolute configuration depended markedly on the used hydrogenation conditions.Recently, We have reported a new type of chiral pyrrolidinephosphine ligands , BPPM (I) 3! PPM (2) 3 !APPM (A) 4, and PPPM (A) 4), which were quite
Determining lifetime in silicon blocks and wafers with accurate expressions for carrier density (2007)

In recent years, many studies of silicon minority-carrier lifetime have been performed with quasi-steady-state photoconductance measurements. The method has been used to characterize the defect levels, surface passivation, and trapping effects in wafers by using absolutely calibrated data for minority-carrier lifetime versus minority-carrier injection level. This paper generalizes the quasi-steady-state photoconductance technique for use in thick wafers or blocks of silicon where the diffusion length or light absorption depth is much less than the sample thickness. The photogeneration and carrier diffusion profiles are calculated for special cases of interest. The measured effective lifetimes can then be used to estimate the bulk lifetime in the material, and report this lifetime at an appropriate average minority-carrier density for the measurement conditions. In this way, the results and measurement methodologies previously developed for use on wafers can be applied to single- or multi-crystalline silicon ingots or thick wafers. In thick silicon samples, long-wavelength weakly absorbed light can be used to reduce the effects of surface recombination on the measurement giving important advantages compared to the case of measuring unpassivated wafers. The generalization presented here offers advantages for accurately determining the bulk lifetime of silicon material prior to sawing into wafers and without requiring surface passivation.
Applications of magneto-optics in ring laser gyroscopes (1980)

Magneto-optical elements can be used to provide the frequency bias needed to prevent lock-in in ring laser gyroscopes by introducing a differential phase shift between counterpropagating beams. Some of the magneto-optical and magnetic requirements are noted and the various magneto-optical elements developed to satisfy these requirements are discussed. A number of magnetic metals and alloys as well as transparent magnetic garnets are described in terms of the properties needed to evaluate their magneto-optical performance. Fe, MnBi and garnets with high Faraday rotation appear to be the best candidates, and magneto-optic mirrors based on these have received industry attention. To reduce the optical loss to acceptable levels it is necessary to incorporate the magnetic metal mirrors into multilayer dielectric-magnetic thin film composites. A general scattering matrix method for handling multilayer composites which incorporate either an opaque or transparent magnetic film is described. It is based on the methods of Hunt. Typical results are shown for a number of Fe and garnet based multilayer mirrors.
Reversible antisense inhibition of Shaker-like Kv1.1 potassium channel expression impairs associative memory in mouse and rat (1997)

Long-term memory is thought to be subserved by functional remodeling of neuronal circuits. Changes in the weights of existing synapses in networks might depend on voltage-gated potassium currents. We therefore studied the physiological role of potassium channels in memory, concentrating on the Shaker-like Kv1.1, a late rectifying potassium channel that is highly localized within dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal and dentate gyrus granular cells. Repeated intracerebroventricular injection of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide to Kv1.1 reduces expression of its particular intracellular mRNA target, decreases late rectifying K+ current(s) in dentate granule cells, and impairs memory but not other motor or sensory behaviors, in two different learning paradigms, mouse passive avoidance and rat spatial memory. The latter, hippocampal-dependent memory loss occurred in the absence of long-term potentiation changes recorded both from the dentate gyrus or CA1. The specificity of the reversible antisense targeting of mRNA in adult animal brains may avoid irreversible developmental and genetic background effects that accompany transgenic "knockouts".
Doping properties of C, Si, and Ge impurities in GaN and AlN (1997)

Doping properties of substitutional C, Si, and Ge impurities in wurtzite GaN and AlN were studied by quantum molecular dynamics. We considered incorporation of impurities on both cation and anion sublattices. When substituting for cations, Si and Ge are shallow donors in GaN, while Ge becomes a deep donor in AlN. Both impurities are deep acceptors on the N site. Substitutional C${}_{\mathrm{cation}}$ is a shallow donor in GaN, but a deep one in AlN; C${}_{\mathrm{N}}$ is a relatively shallow acceptor in both materials. Two effects that potentially quench doping efficiency were investigated. The first one is the transition of a donor from a substitutional position to a $\mathrm{DX}$-like configuration. In crystals with a wurtzite symmetry, there are two possible variants of a $\mathrm{DX}$-like state, and they have substantially different properties. In GaN, ${\mathrm{DX}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states of both Si and Ge are unstable, or metastable, and thus they do not affect doping efficiency. In contrast, they are stable in AlN, and therefore neither Si nor Ge is a dopant in this material. Estimates obtained for Al${}_{x}$Ga${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$N alloys show that the crossover composition for $\mathrm{DX}$ stability is much lower for Ge $(x\ensuremath{\simeq}0.3)$ than for Si $(x\ensuremath{\simeq}0.6)$. The second effect quenching the doping efficiency is self-compensation, i.e., simultaneous incorporation of impurity atoms on both cation and anion sublattice. This effect may be enhanced by the formation of nearest-neighbor donor-acceptor pairs. The calculated binding energies of such pairs are large, about 1 eV, influencing self-compensation in some cases. Finally, the computed formation energies are used to identify growth conditions under which all these impurities may be efficient dopants in wide-band-gap nitrides.
The rational development of CD5-targeting biepitopic CARs with fully human heavy-chain-only antigen recognition domains (2021)

T cell malignancies are a group of hematologic cancers with high recurrence and mortality rates. CD5 is highly expressed in ∼85% of T cell malignancies, although normal expression of CD5 is restricted to thymocytes, T cells, and B1 cells. However, CD5 expression on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells leads to CAR-T cell fratricide. Once this limitation is overcome, CD5-targeting CAR-T therapy could be an attractive strategy to treat T cell malignancies. Here, we report the selection of novel CD5-targeting fully human heavy-chain variable (FHV<sub>H</sub>) domains for the development of a biepitopic CAR, termed FHV<sub>H</sub>3/V<sub>H</sub>1, containing FHV<sub>H</sub>1 and FHV<sub>H</sub>3, which were validated to bind different epitopes of the CD5 antigen. To prevent fratricide in CD5 CAR-T cells, we optimized the manufacturing procedures of a CRISPR-Cas9-based CD5 knockout (CD5KO) and lentiviral transduction of anti-CD5 CAR. In vitro and in vivo functional comparisons demonstrated that biepitopic CD5KO FHV<sub>H</sub>3/V<sub>H</sub>1 CAR-T cells exhibited enhanced and longer lasting efficacy; produced moderate levels of cytokine secretion; showed similar specificity profiles as either FHV<sub>H</sub>1, FHV<sub>H</sub>3, or the clinically tested H65; and is therefore suitable for further development.