gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phorbol diesters stimulate the development of an early murine progenitor cell. The burst-forming unit-megakaryocyte. (1985)

When murine (C57BL/6) bone marrow cells are cultivated with WEHI-3 conditioned media, a source of megakaryocyte-colony-stimulating activity (Mk-CSA), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a previously undetected population of megakaryocyte (Mk) progenitor cells is observed. These new Mk colonies are reminiscent of erythroid bursts, in that they contain large numbers (40-500) of Mk and multiple foci (2-7) of development. These burst-forming units, Mk (BFU-Mk), are defined as having greater than or equal to 42 cells/colony and, at least, three foci of Mk development (colonies grown in soft agar cultures, all studies done at limiting dilutions; colonies detected by acetylcholinesterase [ACh-E] staining). CFU-Mk and BFU-Mk require two activities for optimal growth: Mk-CSA and PMA. However, the BFU-Mk require a tenfold greater concentration of PMA for optimal development (10(-6) vs. 10(-7) M). BFU-Mk detection is linear (over a range of 25-100 X 10(3) cells/ml), with the regression line passing through the origin. Bone marrow frequencies of these two progenitor cells are CFU-Mk, 36.7 +/- 2.5, and BFU-Mk, 7.3 +/- 0.7 per 10(5) total nucleated cells (mean +/- SEM; n = 28). The BFU-Mk have a restricted velocity sedimentation range (3.3-4.5 mmh-1 vs. 3.3-6.8 mmh-1 for CFU-Mk). Modal buoyant densities are 1.068 +/- 0.0002 and 1.070 +/- 0.002 for BFU-Mk and CFU-Mk, respectively. Thus, these cells are found among the smallest and less dense of the Mk progenitors, and are not clumps or clusters of CFU-Mk. Kinetic analysis indicates that CFU-Mk require 5-7 d for optimal growth, whereas BFU-Mk require 10-12 d. Examination of the proliferative potential (cells per colony) shows 19.3 +/- 1.5 cells per colony (n = 246 colonies) for day 10 CFU-Mk, vs. 118 +/- 6.0 for day 10 BFU-Mk (n = 163). Analysis of the cellularity/subcolony within each burst indicates 37.0 +/- 2.1 (n = 146) Mk/colony and 3.9 +/- 0.1 subcolonies/burst (n = 100). Finally, greater than 90% of the BFU-Mk contain only ACh-E positive cells, indicating that these are not mixed colonies. These results indicate that the BFU-Mk, compared with the CFU-Mk, require an increased amount of stimulation in order to differentiate, show delayed in vitro development, and have a higher proliferative potential. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that these cells are early progenitor cells in the Mk lineage that antedate the CFU-Mk.
Inactivated infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) vaccines (2008)

The inactivation dynamics of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) by b-propiolactone (BPL), binary ethylenimine (BEI), formaldehyde or heat and the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the inactivated vaccines were evaluated. Chemical treatment of IHNV with 2.7 mm BPL, 1.5 mm BEI or 50 mm formaldehyde abolished virus infectivity within 48 h whereas heat treatment at 50 or 100 degrees C rendered the virus innocuous within 30 min. The inactivated IHNV vaccines were recognized by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, IHNV-specific antibodies and were differentially recognized by antigenic site I or antigenic site II IHNV glycoprotein-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The BPL inactivated whole virus vaccine was highly efficacious in vaccinated rainbow trout challenged by waterborne exposure to IHNV 7, 28, 42 or 56 days (15 degrees C) after immunization. The formaldehyde inactivated whole virus vaccine was efficacious 7 or 11 days after vaccination of rainbow trout but performed inconsistently when tested at later time points. The other vaccines tested were not efficacious.
Lack of blood-brain barrier properties in microvessels of the prelaminar optic nerve head. (2001)

Microvessels in the prelaminar region of the ONH lack classical BBB characteristics and display nonspecific permeability, possibly mediated by vesicular transport.
An 8-channel DSP With Adaptive Balance Filters For Analog Subscriber Lines (1991)

A digital signal processor for analog subscriber lines serving 8 channels is completely digital and provides the potential to shrink the design easily. The chip is 35mm' and a lµm CMOS DLM, SLP process is used. The device typically consumes 250mW running at 16.384MHz with a 61ns cycle time. The DSP performs all the digital signal processing necessary to fulfill the transmission requirements from all markets. Functions included are decimation, interpolation, PCM-filtering, PCM encoding/decoding, impedance and balance generation. Ring trip and adaptive balance are additional functions on the chip.
Integrating personal media and Digital TV with QoS guarantees using virtualized set-top boxes: Architecture and performance measurements (2010)

Nowadays, users consume a lot of functionality in their home coming from a service provider located in the Internet. While the home network is typically shielded off as much as possible from the `outside world', the supplied services could be greatly extended if it was possible to use local information. In this article, an extended service is presented that integrates the user's multimedia content, scattered over multiple devices in the home network, into the Electronic Program Guide (EPG) of the Digital TV. We propose to virtualize the set-top box, by migrating all functionality except user interfacing to the service provider infrastructure. The media in the home network is discovered through standard Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), of which the QoS functionality is exploited to ensure high quality playback over the home network, that basically is out of the control of the service provider. The performance of the subsystems are analysed.
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Dysregulates the Canonical Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway (2012)

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that currently infects a large percentage of the world population. Although usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals, HCMV infection during pregnancy may cause spontaneous abortions, premature delivery, or permanent neurological disabilities in infants infected in utero. During infection, the virus exerts control over a multitude of host signaling pathways. Wnt/β-catenin signaling, an essential pathway involved in cell cycle control, differentiation, embryonic development, placentation and metastasis, is frequently dysregulated by viruses. How HCMV infection affects this critical pathway is not currently known. In this study, we demonstrate that HCMV dysregulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dermal fibroblasts and human placental extravillous trophoblasts. Infection inhibits Wnt-induced transcriptional activity of β-catenin and expression of β-catenin target genes in these cells. HCMV infection leads to β-catenin protein accumulation in a discrete juxtanuclear region. Levels of β-catenin in membrane-associated and cytosolic pools, as well as nuclear β-catenin, are reduced after infection; while transcription of the β-catenin gene is unchanged, suggesting enhanced degradation. Given the critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cellular processes, these findings represent a novel and important mechanism whereby HCMV disrupts normal cellular function.
Abnormal Subspace Sparse PCA for Anomaly Detection and Interpretation (2016)

The main shortage of principle component analysis (PCA) based anomaly detection models is their interpretability. In this paper, our goal is to propose an interpretable PCA-based model for anomaly detection and interpretation. The propose ASPCA model constructs principal components with sparse and orthogonal loading vectors to represent the abnormal subspace, and uses them to interpret detected anomalies. Our experiments on a synthetic dataset and two real world datasets showed that the proposed ASPCA models achieved comparable detection accuracies as the PCA model, and can provide interpretations for individual anomalies.
¿Economía Financiera versus Economía Real? (1999)

Las funciones económicas del dinero, su antecedente. El trueque y las formas fisicas que adopta actualmente.
Temperature‐programmed surface reaction study on C <sub>2</sub> ‐oxygenate synthesis over SiO <sub>2</sub> and nanoporous zeolitic material supported Rh–Mn catalysts (2001)

Abstract Temperature‐programmed surface reaction (TPSR), temperature‐programmed reaction (TPR) and temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) were used to study the synthesis of C 2 ‐oxygenates from syngas over Rh–Mn‐based catalysts supported on amorphous silica and mesoporous MCM‐41 supports. Both TPD and TPSR reveal the existence of several different kinds of CO species on the catalyst surface in the course of the catalytic reaction (linear, geminal, bridged and tilt‐adsorbed CO species) but only the bridged form and tilt‐adsorbed CO species are the precursors for CO dissociation and the formation of C 2 ‐oxygenates. The formation temperature of acetaldehyde is higher than that of ethanol, which suggests that they may be formed via different mechanisms. The ethanol formation activity over the Rh–Mn/MCM‐41 catalyst is lower than that over the Rh–Mn/SiO 2 , which suggests that the number of active sites for ethanol formation are fewer on the surface of Rh–Mn/MCM‐41. However, the acetaldehyde formation activities are almost identical for the Rh–Mn catalysts supported on amorphous SiO 2 and MCM‐41, meaning that acetaldehyde and ethanol might be formed on different active sites. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3-(2-Cyanoethyl)-6-aryl- or 6-(<i>trans</i>-4-alkylcyclohexyl)cyclohex-2-enones: synthesis, transformations and mesomorphic properties (2001)

Abstract The synthesis and chemical transformations of 3-(2-cyanoethyl)-6-aryl- or 6-(trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl)cyclohex-2-enones into nematic and smectic liquid crystalline compounds are discussed. These 3,6-disubstituted cyclohex-2-enones were prepared by the condensation of appropriate Mannich salts or trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl 2-bromoethyl ketones with ethyl 2-(2-cyanoethyl)acetoacetate.
High copy wildtype human 1N4R tau expression promotes early pathological tauopathy accompanied by cognitive deficits without progressive neurofibrillary degeneration (2015)

Features of Tau4RTg2652 mice distinguishing them from other established wild type tau overexpressing mice include very early phenotypic manifestations, non-progressive tau pathology, abundant pre-tangle and phosphorylated tau, sparse oligomeric tau species, undetectable fibrillar tau pathology, stability of tau transgene copy number/expression, and normal lifespan. These results suggest that Tau4RTg2652 animals may facilitate studies of tauopathy target engagement where WT tau is driving tauopathy phenotypes.
The activated transforming growth factor‐beta signaling pathway in peritoneal metastases is a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer (2011)

Peritoneal dissemination including omental metastasis is the most frequent route of metastasis and an important prognostic factor in advanced ovarian cancer. We analyzed the publicly available microarray dataset (GSE2109) using binary regression and found that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling pathway was activated in omental metastases as compared to primary sites of disease. Immunohistochemical analysis of TGF-beta receptor type 2 and phosphorylated SMAD2 indicated that both were upregulated in omental metastases as compared to primary disease sites. Treatment of the mouse ovarian cancer cell line HM-1 with recombinant TGF-β1 promoted invasiveness, cell motility and cell attachment while these were suppressed by treatment with A-83-01, an inhibitor of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Microarray analysis of HM-1 cells treated with TGF-β1 and/or A-83-01 revealed that A-83-01 efficiently inhibited transcriptional changes that are induced by TGF-β1. Using gene set enrichment analysis, we found that genes upregulated by TGF-β1 in HM-1 cells were also significantly upregulated in omental metastases compared to primary sites in the human ovarian cancer dataset, GSE2109 (false discovery rate (FDR) q = 0.086). Therapeutic effects of A-83-01 in a mouse model of peritoneal dissemination were examined. Intraperitoneal injection of A-83-01 (150 μg given three times weekly) significantly improved survival (p = 0.015). In summary, these results show that the activated TGF-β signaling pathway in peritoneal metastases is a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Reactions of Complexes Formed from 2,5‐Dithiahex‐3‐yne (MeSCCSMe) and Tungsten Carbonyls. (1990)

Abstract The alkyne (II) reacts with the W(II) carbonyl complexes (I) and (VI) to give the π‐alkyne products (III), (VII), and (VIII) (from (VI) and (II) in refluxing toluene; yield 35/31%).
Procedure in Taxonomy by Edward T. Schenk, John H. McMasters (1936)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Practical Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)-4-Mercaptopyrrolidine-2-thione from <scp>l</scp>-Aspartic Acid. Preparation of a Novel Orally Active 1-β-Methylcarbapenem, TA-949 (2000)

A facile and economical synthesis of a novel orally active 1-beta-methylcarbapenem, TA-949 (1), is described. The key process involves an efficient synthesis of the C-2 side chain (R)-4-mercaptopyrrolidine-2-thione 2 from L-aspartic acid and the construction of the 1-beta-methylcarbapenem skeleton. The mercapto group of 2 with an R-configuration was formed via deaminative bromination of the amino group of L-aspartic acid beta-methyl ester hydrochloride 12 followed by a complete S(N)2-type substitution with potassium benzenemethanethiolate. High-yield amination and cyclization of the chloride 15 to the pyrrolidin-2-one 16 was accomplished by a simple treatment with ammonia. Thiation of 16 and the Birch reduction of the resultant thiolactam 18 provided the C-2 side chain 2 in high yield with the asymmetric center retained as such. The side chain 2 was installed into the 1-beta-methylcarbapenem skeleton either by coupling with the vinyl phosphate 5 or by the use of the counterattack strategy involving the Dieckmann-type cyclization of the thioester 8. Removal of the protective groups of the coupling product 6 followed by esterification provided TA-949 (1) in high yield.
Anomaly detection in non-stationary backgrounds (2010)

In this paper, several algorithms are considered as solutions for detecting anomalies in images which are inherently non-stationary, i.e., the images contain more than one type of background. We conclude that a recent algorithm suggested by A. Schaum is most successful when coupled with several variations which we suggest. In particular, in concurrence with Schaum, for pixels in transition zones between two neighboring stationary areas, it is crucial to choose or construct a covariance matrix which is appropriate for that particular area. Methods to choose both the sample covariance matrix and the estimated local mean will be discussed.
<i>Introduction to Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy</i> (1983)

Aimed at teaching the novice researcher enough laser spectroscopy to enable him to contribute to current laboratory projects. Chapters contain problem sets, new materials on signal-to-noise ratio, resonant ionization spectroscopy, dynamic grating techniques. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Por
Risperidone Augmentation of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment of Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (1999)

In this case series, risperidone augmentation of treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) is described in four pediatric patients diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). An improved treatment response was observed in all cases, albeit in different ways. All four of the patients had failed prior SRI monotherapy. Comorbid tics were observed in two cases and aggressive behavior or violent images were seen in three. Possible predictors of response to risperidone in patients with OCD and future research avenues are explored.
RNAi-based suppression and replacement of<i>rds</i>-peripherin in retinal organotypic culture (2006)

Extensive mutational heterogeneity presents a significant barrier to the development of therapeutics for RDS-peripherin-linked autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), for which more than 50 disease-related mutations have been identified to date. Mutation-independent suppression, using RNA interference (RNAi), together with simultaneous expression of a replacement rds gene (r-rds, which has been altered to escape suppression but nevertheless encodes wild-type protein) has been explored in COS-7 cells and mouse retinal explants. The efficacy of small interfering and short hairpin RNAs (si/shRNAs) silencing mouse rds, and the function of r-rds (containing degenerate substitutions in the RNAi target sequence) were analyzed at transcript (RT-PCR) and protein (ELISA) levels in COS-7 cells. "Dual-" and "triple-expression" constructs carrying the shRNA suppressor and the marker EGFP with or without the r-rds cassette were electroporated in vitro into retinal explants from 1-day-old pups. The retinae were dissociated at day 14, and transduced cells were FACS-sorted using the coexpressed EGFP marker and analyzed by RT-PCR. si/shRNAs decreased rds mRNA and protein expression by up to 82%, while r-rds was protected from suppression in COS-7 cells. Similarly, efficient RNAi-mediated suppression of endogenous rds was detected in retinal explants, while concomitant rescue of r-rds was also achieved. These data validate the concept of RNAi-based suppression coupled with replacement technology for the development of therapies targeting RDS-linked autosomal-dominant RP, and suggest that such approaches could potentially be used for other autosomal-dominant diseases with similarly extensive intragenic heterogeneity.
교육공학에 적용된 컴퓨터과학의 영향 (2000)

This paper examines various research methods, technological trends, and paradigm shifts that the area of computer science has affectad in the arena of educational technology. According to Koschmann(l996)``s study, educational technology is reviewed in the following areas: CAI, ,Microworlds, ITS and CSCL to trace how computer science gave impacts on educational technology. We also considered various technological issues that multimedia and Internet technology affected the mainstream of educational technologists`` issues that. The automation methodology in instructional design is also reviewed to accelerate easy production and efficient authoring of educational materials. At the end of this paper, we suggest that the area of educational technology needs to consider importing research methods from computer science in the following categories: HCI(Human-Computer Interaction), Logic/Algorithm, System Simulation and Database(Data Warehousing/Mining). For educational applicability, the concept of computing in education is emphasized to care the results of applying the tools and instruments in educational settings, even though either educational technologists or computer scientists eager to design and develop their products with their own methods.
Measurement of ocular torsion using iterative Lucas-Kanade optical flow method (2005)

This paper presents a new method for measuring ocular torsion using the optical flow. Iris image is cropped and transformed into rectangular image to make a orientation invariant image. Feature points were selected at iris region from a reference and a target image, and then shift of each feature was calculated using iterative Lucas-Kanade method. The feature points were selected according to the strength of corner on the iris image. The accuracy of the algorithm was tested using printed eye image and compared with traditional cross-correlation method. Measurement error was less than 0.15 degree.
Effect of chronic ivermectin treatment on GABA receptor function in ethanol withdrawal-seizure prone and resistant mice. (1990)

Ivermectin, a potent, effective anthelmintic, is easy to administer, has a broad spectrum of action and a wide safety margin. However, no testing has been done in hosts genetically selected for seizure susceptibility which may be more sensitive to the effects of ivermectin than other animals. This was done in the present experiments with seizure prone and seizure resistant mice infested with Syphacia obvelata (pinworm). These subjects were treated daily with oral ivermectin in their drinking water every other week for six weeks, for a total of 21 days. The treatment cleared the mice of the pinworm infestation, but did not alter the seizure susceptibility or binding parameters of [3H]flunitrazepam in either of the selected lines.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress human peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production (1992)

1. The effects of a variety of fatty acids on human peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by concanavalin A or purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were studied. 2. The proliferative response to concanavalin A was inhibited by all of the polyunsaturated fatty acids tested (eicosapentaenoate, arachidonate, docosahexaenoate, linoleate and alpha-linolenate) and also by the saturated fatty acid, stearate. The greatest inhibition of proliferation (approximately 85%) was caused by eicosapentaenoate. 3. The proliferative response to the purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was inhibited by all of the polyunsaturated fatty acids tested, except alpha-linolenate, and also by stearate. The greatest inhibition of proliferation (approximately 75%) was caused by eicosapentaenoate. 4. The pattern of inhibition of proliferation by fatty acids was similar to that previously reported for rat lymphocytes with one exception: oleate did not inhibit human lymphocyte proliferation. 5. The proliferation of T-lymphocytes is dependent upon their ability to synthesize and secrete the cytokine, interleukin-2. In the presence of mitogen the concentration of interleukin-2 in the culture medium increased markedly above that in the medium of non-stimulated cells. 6. All polyunsaturated fatty acids tested caused a decrease in the concentration of interleukin-2; the greatest decrease (approximately 90%) was caused by eicosapentaenoate. 7. There was a good correlation between lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of fatty acids and interleukin-2 concentration. However, stearate did not decrease the interleukin-2 concentration but did inhibit lymphocyte proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4800 and 7200 bit/sec hybrid codebook multipulse coding (2003)

The authors describe a low-complexity coding technique that combines multipulse and stochastic excitation. The system, known as hybrid multipulse coding (HMC), provides good quality at 4.8 and 7.2 kb/s. HMC uses efficient pulse excitation for voiced speech and stochastic excitation for unvoiced speech. For the best speech quality, HMC uses an optimization algorithm for simultaneous solution of pitch predictor and excitation parameters, producing a higher signal-to-noise ratio than CELP (code-excited linear prediction) in the 4.8-kb/s configuration. At 7.2 kb/sec, CELP and HMC give diagnostic acceptability measure (DAM) scores close enough so that their standard error limits overlap. In all configurations, HMC requires from 5 to 14 times fewer multiply/accumulate operations than CELP for similarly sized codebooks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>