gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ALCOHOLIC WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME AND SEIZURES (1994)

A study of 72 alcoholics, hospitalized for alcohol withdrawal syndrome, was undertaken to determine the incidence of seizures, their relationship with other withdrawal symptoms, the presence of brain atrophy and the relationship of this last with withdrawal intensity severity. Sixty-seven (93%) were male and the mean age was 44.9 +/- 1.3 (mean +/- SEM) years. Thirty-three (46%) of the 72 patients had seizures at admission, 10 of these developed minor withdrawal symptoms, in 18 delirium tremens ensued and 5 showed no symptoms of withdrawal. Thirty-nine (54%) had withdrawal syndrome without seizures. Twenty-one of these developed minor withdrawal syndrome and 18 delirium tremens. Seizures showed no relationship with the other withdrawal manifestations, and in all the cases preceded them. Our findings also show that alcoholics with seizures due to withdrawal are more prone to suffer seizures in their future withdrawal episodes, and that alcoholics who suffer morning withdrawal symptoms are prone to develop delirium tremens. In 46 patients a CT scan was performed. Though the alcoholics showed ventricular and sulcal enlargement, brain atrophy was similar when the seizure and non-seizure groups or those with and without delirium tremens were compared. However, cortical and ventricular atrophy were related to the existence of previous episodes of withdrawal syndrome [corrected].
An Engineered N-Cadherin Substrate for Differentiation, Survival, and Selection of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitors (2015)

For stem cell-based treatment of neurodegenerative diseases a better understanding of key developmental signaling pathways and robust techniques for producing neurons with highest homogeneity are required. In this study, we demonstrate a method using N-cadherin-based biomimetic substrate to promote the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)- and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) without exogenous neuro-inductive signals. We showed that substrate-dependent activation of N-cadherin reduces Rho/ROCK activation and β-catenin expression, leading to the stimulation of neurite outgrowth and conversion into cells expressing neural/glial markers. Besides, plating dissociated cells on N-cadherin substrate can significantly increase the differentiation yield via suppression of dissociation-induced Rho/ROCK-mediated apoptosis. Because undifferentiated ESCs and iPSCs have low affinity to N-cadherin, plating dissociated cells on N-cadherin-coated substrate increase the homogeneity of differentiation by purging ESCs and iPSCs (~30%) from a mixture of undifferentiated cells with NPCs. Using this label-free cell selection approach we enriched differentiated NPCs plated as monolayer without ROCK inhibitor. Therefore, N-cadherin biomimetic substrate provide a powerful tool for basic study of cell-material interaction in a spatially defined and substrate-dependent manner. Collectively, our approach is efficient, robust and cost effective to produce large quantities of differentiated cells with highest homogeneity and applicable to use with other types of cells.
Metabolic and Renal Changes Following the Ingestion of African Mistletoe Extract in Rats (1997)

The effect of an aqueous extract of African mistletoe (Loranthus begwensis) from two host plants (Citrus limon [Cl-mistletoe] or Vernonia amygdalina [Va-mistletoe]) was studied in male Wistar rats treated orally with either 1.32, 13.2 or 26.4 g/kg per day for 7 days. A significant dose-dependent reduction (p<0.01) in the serum glucose and cholesterol was obtained with both extracts, accompanied by a reduction of urine flow rate and serum creatinine. Increases in urinary enzymes and protein excretion were dose-related and dependent on the source of extracts. Mistletoe extract irrespective of source appears to lower the blood sugar level offering the potential for clinical use of the ingredients of its extracts. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High power snubberless IGBT converter for direct-drive wind power generation system (2008)

With the development of renewable energy generation and the requirement for grid-connected distributed generation system, wind power system with full-size convertor becomes the fashion. A simple, close-loop but efficient snubberless method (AVRF) to suppress turn-off overvoltage in a 750 kW convertor using Infineon IGBT3 is showed, which makes the convertor compact and robust.
SG-One: Similarity Guidance Network for One-Shot Semantic Segmentation (2020)

One-shot image semantic segmentation poses a challenging task of recognizing the object regions from unseen categories with only one annotated example as supervision. In this article, we propose a simple yet effective similarity guidance network to tackle the one-shot (SG-One) segmentation problem. We aim at predicting the segmentation mask of a query image with the reference to one densely labeled support image of the same category. To obtain the robust representative feature of the support image, we first adopt a masked average pooling strategy for producing the guidance features by only taking the pixels belonging to the support image into account. We then leverage the cosine similarity to build the relationship between the guidance features and features of pixels from the query image. In this way, the possibilities embedded in the produced similarity maps can be adopted to guide the process of segmenting objects. Furthermore, our SG-One is a unified framework that can efficiently process both support and query images within one network and be learned in an end-to-end manner. We conduct extensive experiments on Pascal VOC 2012. In particular, our SG-One achieves the mIoU score of 46.3%, surpassing the baseline methods.
The rationale for teaching dental students in hospitals. (1979)

In this editorial, Theodore Roosevelt examines the abrogation of the international agreement by the U.S. Congress and its relation to America's greater foreign policy. Roosevelt reflects on the responsibilities of American leadership and the Monroe Doctrine in his examination.
Control of actin polymerization in live and permeabilized fibroblasts. (1991)

We have investigated the spatial control of actin polymerization in fibroblasts using rhodamine-labeled muscle actin in; (a) microinjection experiments to follow actin dynamics in intact cells, and (b) incubation with permeabilized cells to study incorporation sites. Rhodamine-actin was microinjected into NIH-3T3 cells which were then fixed and stained with fluorescein-phalloidin to visualize total actin filaments. The incorporation of newly polymerized actin was assayed using rhodamine/fluorescein ratio-imaging. The results indicated initial incorporation of the injected actin near the tip and subsequent transport towards the base of lamellipodia at rates greater than 4.5 microns/min. Furthermore, both fluorescein- and rhodamine-intensity profiles across lamellipodia revealed a decreasing density of actin filaments from tip to base. From this observation and the presence of centripetal flux of polymerized actin we infer that the actin cytoskeleton partially disassembles before it reaches the base of the lamellipodium. In permeabilized cells we found that, in agreement with the injection studies, rhodamine-actin incorporated predominantly in a narrow strip of less than 1-microns wide, located at the tip of lamellipodia. The critical concentration for the rhodamine-actin incorporation (0.15 microM) and its inhibition by CapZ, a barbed-end capping protein, indicated that the nucleation sites for actin polymerization most likely consist of free barbed ends of actin filaments. Because any potential monomer-sequestering system is bypassed by addition of exogenous rhodamine-actin to the permeabilized cells, these observations indicate that the localization of actin incorporation in intact cells is determined, at least in part, by the presence of specific elongation and/or nucleation sites at the tips of lamellipodia and not solely by localized desequestration of subunits. We propose that the availability of the incorporation sites at the tips of lamellipodia is because of capping activities which preferentially inhibit barbed-end incorporation elsewhere in the cell, but leave barbed ends at the tips of lamellipodia free to add subunits.
Exceptional Near-Infrared Fluorescence Quantum Yields and Excited-State Absorptivity of Highly Conjugated Porphyrin Arrays (2006)

We show that meso-to-meso ethyne-bridged (porphinato)zinc(II) oligomers (PZnn structures) define exceptional low band gap organic materials that possess both large magnitude NIR S1 --> S0 fluorescence quantum yields and substantial S1 --> Sn absorptive cross-sections, tunable over a wide 850-1400 nm spectral window. These PZnn species possess fluorescence quantum yields (phif values) comparable to the highest reported for NIR laser dyes in the 750-900 nm regime; importantly, these emitters do not suffer from commonly cited tricarbocyanine dye drawbacks of poor photostability and substantial phif sensitivity to solvent polarity. Furthermore, tauo (kr-1) values determined using the Strickler-Berg method highlight the close correlation of fluorescence quantum yields with S0 --> S1 integrated oscillator strength and demonstrate a rare if not unique example of broad NIR spectral domain fluorescence energy modulation, where phif magnitudes follow a simple Strickler-Berg relationship.
A Christian Humanist: Thornton Wilder (1935)

Four years ago last October there appeared in the New Republica review-article the tone of which shows itself in the title-Wilder, Prophet of the Genteel Christ. In it Mr. Michael Gold, with that blend of pontifical authority and street-urchin's abuse which the Marxist critics affect, charged Mr. Thornton Wilder with being “the Emily Post of culture,” the preacher of “a new parlor Christianity,” and the author of ‘little lavender tragedies.” Mr. Wilder resembled Henry James, he resembled Proust, he was “the diluted and veritable Anatole France”-this last an achievement which suggests black magic. Mr. Wilder was at home in Paris and Rome; he liked museums and culture. He did not appreciate the interest of writing about “Babbitt ... and Anita Loos's blonde.” There was no mention in his novels of “coalminers,” “the child-slaves of the beet fields,” or “the murder of Ella May and her songs.” In short, Mr. Wilder was a fugitive from the American scene, executing a “masterly retreat in time and space.” He began by writing a novel about a little cosmopolitan group in Rome, all of whom were nostalgic for the past. He then retreated to an imaginary world given a local habitation in eighteenth-century Peru; and thence took a longer swoop to one of the isles of Greece as it was before the birth of Christ.
Structure of novel glyceroglycolipids in Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) seeds. (1990)

In addition to monoglycosyl diacylglycerol, three glyceroglycolipids with two to four hexose units were isolated from Adzuki bean seeds. Their structures were determined using enzymatic hydrolysis, permethylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography, as folows: Gal(beta 1----3')- for the monoglycosyl diacyglycerol, Gal(alpha 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')- and Gal(beta 1----6)-Gal(beta1----3')- for the diglycosyl diacylglycerol, [Gal(beta 1----6]2-Gal(beta 1----3')- and Gal(beta 1----6)-Gal(alpha 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')- for the triglycosyl diacylglycerol, and [Gal(beta 1----6)]3-Gal(beta 1----3')- and [Gal(beta 1----6)]2-Gal(alpha 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')- for the tetraglycosyl diacylglycerol. Except for Gal(alpha 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')-diacylglycerol, all of the glycolipids with oligosaccharide moieties had novel glycosidic linkage patterns differing from those in the well-known glyceroglycolipids in nature. The predominant diacylglycerol species component was characterized as dilinolenin. However, the molecular species composition of the diacylglycerol moieties of the two diglycosyl isomers with different glycosidic linkage patterns were found to be qualitatively the same but different quantitatively, as follows: in the well-known isomer Gal(alpha 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')-, 39% dilinolenin, 15% palmitoyl linolenin, and 14% linoleoyl linolenin; and in the novel isomer Gal(beta 1----6)-Gal(beta 1----3')-, 35% dilinolenin, 24% dilinolein, and 21% linoleoyl linolenin.
A Selenopyrylium Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy Related in Structure to the Antitumor Agent AA1 with Potent in Vivo Activity and No Long-Term Skin Photosensitization (2000)

Cationic chalcogenopyrylium dyes 5 were synthesized in six steps from p-aminophenylacetylene (9), have absorption maxima in methanol of 623, 654, and 680 nm for thio-, seleno-, and telluropyrylium dyes, respectively, and generate singlet oxygen with quantum yields [Phi((1)O(2))] of 0.013, 0.029, and 0.030, respectively. Selenopyrylium dye 5-Se was phototoxic to cultured murine Colo-26 and Molt-4 cells. Initial acute toxicity studies in vivo demonstrate that, at 29 mg (62 micromol)/kg, no toxicity was observed with 5-Se in animals followed for 90 days under normal vivarium conditions. In animals given 10 mg/kg of 5-Se via intravenous injection, 2-8 nmol of 5-Se/g of tumor was found at 3, 6, and 24 h postinjection. Animals bearing R3230AC rat mammary adenocarcinomas were treated with 10 mg/kg of 5-Se via tail-vein injection and with 720 J cm(-2) of 570-750-nm light from a filtered tungsten lamp at 200 mW cm(-2) (24 h postinjection of 5-Se). Treated animals gave a tumor-doubling time of 9 +/- 4 days, which is a 300% increase in tumor-doubling time relative to the 3 +/- 2 days for untreated dark controls. Mechanistically, the mitochondria appear to be a target. In cultured R3230AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells treated with 0.1 and 1.0 microM 5-Se and light, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity was inhibited relative to cytochrome c oxidase activity in untreated cells. Irradiation of isolated mitochondrial suspensions treated with 10 microM dye 5-Se inhibited cytochrome c oxidase activity. The degree of enzyme inhibition was abated in a reduced oxygen environment. Superoxide dismutase, at a final concentration of 30 U, did not alter the photosensitized inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase by dye 5-Se. The data suggest that singlet oxygen may play a major role in the photosensitized inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase.
The Economics and Econometrics of Damage Control (1997)

Abstract Concern for the potentially harmful side effects of agricultural chemical inputs, especially pesticides, highlights the need to accurately determine the economic levels of their use. We consider three model specification issues: interaction of direct production inputs with damage control inputs in damage abatement, justification for a priori exclusion of production inputs from the abatement function, and the motivations and consequences of alternative stochastic specifications. Empirical analysis using farm‐level data shows that misspecification of the stochastic element in the production function can overestimate the marginal physical productivity of pesticides and grossly underestimate the responsiveness of demand to increases in pesticide prices.
The modular telerobot task execution system for space telerobotics (2002)

A telerobot task execution system that has been developed for space station Freedom applications is described. The modular telerobot task execution system (MOTES) provides the remote site task execution capability in a local-remote telerobotic system. The design addresses the constraints of limited computational power available at the remote site control system while providing a large range of control capabilities. The system provides supervised autonomous control, shared control, and teleoperation for a redundant manipulator. The system is capable of nominal task execution as well as monitoring and reflex motion. A command interpreter similar to one used on robotic spacecraft is used to interpret commands received from the local site. Execution utilizes multiple control modules which execute based upon command parameterization. The system controls a seven degree-of-freedom manipulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of 4,5‐Disubstituted‐2‐Aminoimidazole–Triazole Conjugates for Antibiofilm/Antibiotic Resensitization Activity Against MRSA and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (2011)

A library of 4,5-disubstituted-2-aminoimidazole-triazole conjugates (2-AITs) was synthesized, and the antibiofilm activity was investigated. This class of small molecules was found to inhibit biofilm formation by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at low-micromolar concentrations; 4,5-disubstituted-2-AITs were also able to inhibit and disperse Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms. The activities of the lead compounds were compared against the naturally occurring biofilm dispersant cis-2-decenoic acid and were revealed to be more potent. The ability of selected compounds to resensitize MRSA to traditional antibiotics (resensitization activity) was also determined. Lead compounds were observed to resensitize MRSA to oxacillin by 2-4-fold.
Glucagon-(19-29), a Ca2+ pump inhibitory peptide, is processed from glucagon in the rat liver plasma membrane by a thiol endopeptidase. (1990)

Glucagon-(19-29) is 1000-fold more potent that glucagon as an inhibitor of the liver plasma membrane calcium pump, which suggests that this peptide fragment is naturally occurring. Since glucagon-(19-29) is undetectable in plasma, the processing of glucagon into its (19-29) fragment may occur upon interaction of glucagon with its target tissues. The use of a specific radioimmunoassay for glucagon-(19-29) in association with the separation and identification of peptides by high performance liquid chromatography revealed that, upon incubation at 37 degrees C with hepatic plasma membranes, glucagon is processed into its (19-29) C-terminal fragment. The identity of the fragment was confirmed by amino acid sequencing. The processing activity was inhibited by reagents of the thiol group and by 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting that a thiol endopeptidase containing a catalytically active metal is involved in this processing. Following its production, glucagon-(19-29) was degraded with a half-life of less than 10 s. This degradation was inhibited by bacitracin and by the aminopeptidase inhibitors bestatin and amastatin. When glucagon was incubated with liver plasma membranes in the absence of inhibitors, the accumulation of glucagon-(19-29) reached a maximum at 2 min (1% of initial glucagon), followed by a slow decline. In the presence of bacitracin and bestatin, the amounts of glucagon-(19-29) obtained from glucagon increased continuously, 1 and 2% of glucagon being transformed after 10 and 30 min, respectively. The production of glucagon-(19-29) did not appear to be associated with the binding of glucagon to its receptors, since (i) guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate, a compound which decreases the glucagon-receptor interaction, could not decrease the conversion of glucagon into glucagon-(19-29); (ii) a glucagon analogue which displays a strongly decreased affinity for the hepatic glucagon receptors was processed similarly to glucagon. The conversion also occurs upon incubation with intact hepatoma cells in monolayer culture. These observations suggest that, under physiological conditions, glucagon is processed in liver by cleavage of the Arg17-Arg18 basic doublet, leading to the production of a fragment which is known to display an original biological specificity, namely the modulation of the hepatocyte plasma membrane calcium pump.
Phosphoethanolamine cellulose: A naturally produced chemically modified cellulose (2018)

Cellulose is a major contributor to the chemical and mechanical properties of plants and assumes structural roles in bacterial communities termed biofilms. We find that <i>Escherichia coli</i> produces chemically modified cellulose that is required for extracellular matrix assembly and biofilm architecture. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the intact and insoluble material elucidates the zwitterionic phosphoethanolamine modification that had evaded detection by conventional methods. Installation of the phosphoethanolamine group requires BcsG, a proposed phosphoethanolamine transferase, with biofilm-promoting cyclic diguanylate monophosphate input through a BcsE-BcsF-BcsG transmembrane signaling pathway. The <i>bcsEFG</i> operon is present in many bacteria, including <i>Salmonella</i> species, that also produce the modified cellulose. The discovery of phosphoethanolamine cellulose and the genetic and molecular basis for its production offers opportunities to modulate its production in bacteria and inspires efforts to biosynthetically engineer alternatively modified cellulosic materials.
The Public Nature of Private Property (2018)

This paper argues against the view that corrective justice provides the form of private law while distributive justice provides the form of public law. More primary than the forms of justice is the form of law. Law is inherently public. The basic publicness of law can be expressed in many different ways, from the “omnilateral” perspective discussed by Kant to the way in which the rule of law ensures that law is an instrument of public power rather than private domination. Because law is public it also aims at justice and the common good. While this does not mean that law is intrinsically concerned with any particular form of justice, it does mean that law is concerned with avoiding injustice. 

Using this framework, I draw several implications for property law. First, I argue that there is a formal structure to private property but that this is best understood through the idea of law and omnilaterality rather than through corrective justice. Ownership is an omnilateral relation of each to each rather than a bilateral relation. Omnilaterality is more helpful in illuminating the structure of private property than the idea of corrective justice. It does so in relation to basic doctrinal features such as the law’s deep concern for security of possession as a concern for civil peace and public order as well as the basic features of the generality and impersonality of ownership. It also does so in relation to the central role that statutes play in defining key aspects of property law.

Second, this form of law rather than of justice can help us understand the role that distributive justice can play in relation to private law adjudication. Rather than an alien intrusion into the terrain of a very different form of justice, some of the basic concerns of distributive justice can find a home within adjudication in one of several ways. Because the law is concerned with avoiding injustice, which includes when the law is used as a tool of private domination, courts can legitimately seek to prevent the law from being used to exploit a pre-existing state of inequality. Another way is when courts seek to harmonize private law adjudication with “public policy” concerns as articulated in legislation or other sufficiently public documents. To say so does not unravel all claims to an “inner” perspective regarding private law in favour of functionalism, as the corrective justice account might imply, but it does call into question claims of the autonomy of private law. This is because it rejects the dichotomy between corrective justice and distributive justice as a map for “private” and “public” law and instead focuses on “law” as what unites both and is primary.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Machines: How Motion and Other Functions of Living Organisms Can Result from Reversible Chemical Changes (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.