gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aldehyde–alcohol dehydrogenase and/or thiolase overexpression coupled with CoA transferase downregulation lead to higher alcohol titers and selectivity in <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> fermentations (2008)

Metabolic engineering (ME) of Clostridium acetobutylicum has led to increased solvent (butanol, acetone, and ethanol) production and solvent tolerance, thus demonstrating that further efforts have the potential to create strains of industrial importance. With recently developed ME tools, it is now possible to combine genetic modifications and thus implement more advanced ME strategies. We have previously shown that antisense RNA (asRNA)-based downregulation of CoA transferase (CoAT, the first enzyme in the acetone-formation pathway) results in increased butanol to acetone selectivity, but overall reduced butanol yields and titers. In this study the alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase (aad) gene (encoding the bifunctional protein AAD responsible for butanol and ethanol production from butyryl-CoA and acetyl-CoA, respectively) was expressed from the phosphotransbutyrylase (ptb) promoter to enhance butanol formation and selectivity, while CoAT downregulation was used to minimize acetone production. This led to early production of high alcohol (butanol plus ethanol) titers, overall solvent titers of 30 g/L, and a higher alcohol/acetone ratio. Metabolic flux analysis revealed the likely depletion of butyryl-CoA. In order to increase then the flux towards butyryl-CoA, we examined the impact of thiolase (THL, thl) overexpression. THL converts acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA, the first step of the pathway from acetyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA, and thus, combining thl overexpression with aad overexpression decreased, as expected, acetate and ethanol production while increasing acetone and butyrate formation. thl overexpression in strains with asRNA CoAT downregulation did not significantly alter product formation thus suggesting that a more complex metabolic engineering strategy is necessary to enhance the intracellular butyryl-CoA pool and reduce the acetyl-CoA pool in order to achieve improved butanol titers and selectivity.
Report on the Part Played by the Winnipeg Grenadiers in the Defence of Hong Kong (2001)

The writer commences this report knowing full well that a report containing criticisms or accusations is bound to be read with a certain amount of skepticism particularly if it is written in opposition to an official report submitted by a much higher authority.\nTwo important factors have decided me to compile this report without further delay and while still a prisoner of war and subject to search at any time by the Japanese authorities (although they have not done so as yet). The first and most urgent one is the necessity for a very accurate recording of events as they occurred, this would not have been so important but for the fact that it has become very evident that we (The Canadian Forces) are being blamed by the Imperial troops for the early fall of Hong Kong. And while it is not definitely known that the Imperial staff are going to adapt this attitude in their official report every precaution must be taken to ensure that any attempt to make âC Force (Canadians) the scape goat is adequately challenged by a submission of the facts while they are still fresh in the memory. The second is that the G.S.0.1. Col Nunam informed the late Lieut Col Sutcliffe before we left Sham-Shui-Po camp that he had already commenced compilation of the official report.
An information system architectural framework for enterprise application integration (2004)

Information system (IS) architectures have not paid enough attention to integration in the past because integration was not important to build ISs from scratch. However, with the variety and number of ISs in medium/large organizations increasing, including ERP systems, the need for integration is bigger than ever. Furthermore, most organizations now want to integrate their ISs with those belonging to other organizations. In this paper we propose an extension to our previous proposals for representing IS architectures in order to properly support a large variety of integration scenarios between IS, including intra and inter organizations. In particular we support manual and automatic, synchronous and asynchronous integration. We also present an example to illustrate the proposal with real world IS integration needs.
CrowdWeaver (2012)

Though toolkits exist to create complex crowdsourced workflows, there is limited support for management of those workflows. Managing crowd workers and tasks requires significant iteration and experimentation on task instructions, rewards, and flows. We present CrowdWeaver, a system to visually manage complex crowd work. The system supports the creation and reuse of crowdsourcing and computational tasks into integrated task flows, manages the flow of data between tasks, and allows tracking and notification of task progress, with support for real-time modification. We describe the system and demonstrate its utility through case studies and user feedback.
Enhanced oxygen precipitation in electron irradiated silicon (1992)

The precipitation of oxygen has been investigated for 2 MeV electron irradiated silicon samples, with irradiation doses 1015–1018 cm−2, at an annealing temperature of 900 °C for up to 444 h. The samples initially contained either different concentrations of the vacancy-oxygen (VO) center created at the irradiation, or the vacancy-dioxygen (VO2) center created by annealing at 350 °C after the irradiation. It was found that the incubation time and oxygen decay rate for the precipitation process was irradiation dose dependent. Among the VO samples this could be caused by a supersaturation of vacancies, which would both decrease the critical precipitate radius and enhance oxygen diffusion. It was also found that an enhanced precipitation among VO samples appeared as a transient process, which has not been observed at this high temperature before. A different mechanism could account for the enhanced precipitation rate for samples with VO2. For these samples results from transmission electron microscopy studies, Wright etching, and growth of precipitate related infrared (IR)-absorption bands all indicate increased precipitate number densities. High temperature rapid thermal annealing shows that VO2 develops into VO2+Oi. It is therefore suggested that the VO2 center is a nucleus for oxygen precipitation. Different incubation times were observed for the growth of the precipitate IR bands, which is explained by the appearance of differently shaped precipitate particles.
Resistive Associative Processor (2014)

Associative Processor (AP) combines data storage and data processing, and functions simultaneously as a massively parallel array SIMD processor and memory. Traditionally, AP is based on CMOS technology, similar to other classes of massively parallel SIMD processors. The main component of AP is a Content Addressable Memory (CAM) array. As CMOS feature scaling slows down, CAM experiences scalability problems. In this work, we propose and investigate an AP based on resistive CAM-the Resistive AP (ReAP). We show that resistive memory technology potentially allows scaling the AP from a few millions to a few hundred millions of processing units on a single silicon die. We compare the performance and power consumption of a ReAP to a CMOS AP and a conventional SIMD accelerator (GPU) and show that ReAP, although exhibiting higher power density, allows better scalability and higher performance.
A study of the amylolytic system of <i>Schwanniomyces castelii</i> (1981)

Abstract The amylolytic system of Schwanniomyces castellii cultured on a yeast extract starch medium consists of 3 enzymes: an α‐amylase (molecular weight 40,000), glucoamylase I (molecular weight 90,000), and glucoamylase II (moelcular weight 45,000). The properties of the enzymes and the action of enzyme inhibitors were determined.
Self-aligned imprint lithography for top-gate amorphous silicon thin-film transistor fabrication (2010)

We developed self-aligned imprint lithography (SAIL) for top-gate amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Our SAIL process enables a device pattern definition in a single imprint step that uses a three-level mold. The various levels of the mold are defined by a stepwise opening of a chromium hardmask and subsequent dry-etching. For TFT fabrication we imprint, and consecutively etch the imprint resist levels and device layers. The imprinted top-gate a-Si TFTs have nickel silicide source/drain self-aligned to the gate with mobilities of ∼0.4 cm2/V s.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Like Properties of Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves' Orbitopathy (2015)

Our findings suggest that orbital fibroblasts contain a population of cells that fulfil the criteria defining MSC. This subpopulation may be increased in GO, possibly underlying the complex differentiation phenotype of the disease.
6. Discussion (1900)

The preceding chapters described the outputs and processes of the Victorian burden of disease study to provide an indication of the information offered by such a study and the time and resources required to produce those results. This chapter discusses the validity of the DALY methodology, applicability of the methods to the New South Wales situation, alternative methods that could be employed and the resources required to conduct a New South Wales burden of disease and injury study.
Elimination of Scan Blindness in Phased Array Antennas Using a Grounded-Dielectric EBG Material (2007)

In printed phased arrays, scan blindness occurs when the propagation constant of a Floquet mode coincides with that of a mode supported by the homogeneous substrate, resulting in large input mismatch and in a propagating mode with complex propagation constant. In our study we analyze the possibility to replace a standard homogeneous dielectric substrate with a grounded dielectric EBG substrate to eliminate scan blindness. We present here the main idea for the design, the dispersion diagrams of a dielectric EBG material with metallic patches to show that there are no surface modes (waves guided by the structure with real propagation constant), and the active reflection coefficient and input impedance for various frequencies. Furthermore, at a chosen operating frequency the active reflection coefficient for the phased case indicates that there is no scan blindness effect
Short-term safety evaluation of processed calcium montmorillonite clay (NovaSil) in humans (2005)

NovaSil clay (NS) provides significant protection from the adverse effects of aflatoxins (AFs) in multiple animal species by decreasing bioavailability from the gastrointestinal tract. It is postulated that NS clay can be safely added to human diets to diminish exposure and health risks from AF contaminated food. To determine the safety and tolerance of NS in humans and establish dosimetry protocols for long-term efficacy studies, a randomized and double-blinded phase I clinical trial was conducted. Volunteers (20-45 yr in age), were clinically screened for confirmation of their health status. Fifty subjects (23 males and 27 females) were randomly divided into two groups: The low-dose group received nine capsules containing 1.5 g/day, and the high-dose group received nine capsules containing 3.0 g/day for a period of 2?wk. NS capsules were manufactured in the same color and size and were distributed to each participant three times a day at designated sites where follow-up was taken to record any side effects and complaints. Blood and urine samples were collected before and after the study for laboratory analysis. All participants completed the trial and compliance was 99.1%. Mild GI effects were reported in some participants. Symptoms included abdominal pain (6%, 3/50), bloating (4%, 2/50), constipation (2%, 1/50), diarrhea (2%, 1/50), and flatulence (8%, 4/50). No statistical significance was found between the two groups for these adverse effects (p > 0.25). No significant differences were shown in hematology, liver and kidney function, electrolytes, vitamins A and E, and minerals in either group. These results demonstrate the relative safety of NS clay in human subjects and will serve as a basis for long-term human trials in populations at high risk for aflatoxicosis.
Marrow transplantation following busulfan and cyclophosphamide for chronic myelogenous leukaemia in accelerated or blastic phase (1989)

Between July 1984 and October 1987, 21 patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia in an accelerated or blastic phase were treated with 16 mg/kg of busulfan and 120 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide followed by infusion of bone marrow from an HLA-identical sibling donor. The regimen was well tolerated. Except for one individual with severe marrow fibrosis all patients achieved a complete remission. Only one patient relapsed. Seven of 13 patients transplanted in an accelerated phase and five of eight transplanted in a blastic phase are alive without Philadelphia chromosomes between 8 and 48 months (median 29 months) following transplantation. The estimated probability of relapse-free 3-year survival is 55%. These results indicate that busulfan and cyclophosphamide combined with allogeneic marrow transplantation exert a potent anti-leukaemic effect in patients in the accelerated or blastic phase of CML.
Getting Your Peaks in Line: A Review of Alignment Methods for NMR Spectral Data (2013)

One of the most significant challenges in the comparative analysis of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolome profiles is the occurrence of shifts between peaks across different spectra, for example caused by fluctuations in pH, temperature, instrument factors and ion content. Proper alignment of spectral peaks is therefore often a crucial preprocessing step prior to downstream quantitative analysis. Various alignment methods have been developed specifically for this purpose. Other methods were originally developed to align other data types (GC, LC, SELDI-MS, etc.), but can also be applied to NMR data. This review discusses the available methods, as well as related problems such as reference determination or the evaluation of alignment quality. We present a generic alignment framework that allows for comparison and classification of different alignment approaches according to their algorithmic principles, and we discuss their performance.
A SWOT Analysis of the Field of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation and Therapy (2005)

The use of virtual-reality technology in the areas of rehabilitation and therapy continues to grow, with encouraging results being reported for applications that address human physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning. This article presents a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis for the field of VR rehabilitation and therapy. The SWOT analysis is a commonly employed framework in the business world for analyzing the factors that influence a company's competitive position in the marketplace with an eye to the future. However, the SWOT framework can also be usefully applied outside of the pure business domain. A quick check on the Internet will turn up SWOT analyses for urban-renewal projects, career planning, website design, youth sports programs, and evaluation of academic research centers, and it becomes obvious that it can be usefully applied to assess and guide any organized human endeavor designed to accomplish a mission. It is hoped that this structured examination of the factors relevant to the current and future status of VR rehabilitation will provide a good overview of the key issues and concerns that are relevant for understanding and advancing this vital application area.
Sequential Decoding of Reed-Solomon Codes (2014)

The problem of efficient soft-decision decoding of Reed-Solomon codes is considered. Low-complexity sequential algorithm was recently proposed for decoding of polar codes. A generalization of this algorithm to the case of Reed-Solomon codes, represented as polar codes with dynamic frozen symbols, is proposed. Simplification of the proposed decoding algorithm to the case of transmission of binary image of Reed-Solomon code is derived. I. INTRODUCTION
Kernel Methods for Graphs (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Graph Classification Vertex Classification Conclusions and Future Work References
Role of step size and max dwell time in anatomy based inverse optimization for prostate implants (2013)

In high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy, the source dwell times and dwell positions are vital parameters in achieving a desirable implant dose distribution. Inverse treatment planning requires an optimal choice of these parameters to achieve the desired target coverage with the lowest achievable dose to the organs at risk (OAR). This study was designed to evaluate the optimum source step size and maximum source dwell time for prostate brachytherapy implants using an Ir-192 source. In total, one hundred inverse treatment plans were generated for the four patients included in this study. Twenty-five treatment plans were created for each patient by varying the step size and maximum source dwell time during anatomy-based, inverse-planned optimization. Other relevant treatment planning parameters were kept constant, including the dose constraints and source dwell positions. Each plan was evaluated for target coverage, urethral and rectal dose sparing, treatment time, relative target dose homogeneity, and nonuniformity ratio. The plans with 0.5 cm step size were seen to have clinically acceptable tumor coverage, minimal normal structure doses, and minimum treatment time as compared with the other step sizes. The target coverage for this step size is 87% of the prescription dose, while the urethral and maximum rectal doses were 107.3 and 68.7%, respectively. No appreciable difference in plan quality was observed with variation in maximum source dwell time. The step size plays a significant role in plan optimization for prostate implants. Our study supports use of a 0.5 cm step size for prostate implants.
DNA repair, immunosuppression, and skin cancer. (2004)

Treatment of onychomycosis is associated with substantial disease reappearance rates. Identification of factors associated with therapeutic failure may help develop strategies to prevent recurrence of onychomycosis. Aspects of a patient's health and lifestyle, local factors involving the nail, therapeutic options, and environmental conditions are associated with poor therapeutic response. Strategies to reduce recurrence of disease involve the reduction of both relapse (delayed failure) and reinfection. The topical antifungal agent ciclopirox nail lacquer, may be a consideration for prophylaxis of this chronic disease.
BIA/MS of Epitope-Tagged Peptides Directly from <i>E. Coli</i> Lysate:  Multiplex Detection and Protein Identification at Low-Femtomole to Subfemtomole Levels (1999)

The use of biomolecular interaction analysis mass spectrometry to selectively isolate, detect, and characterize epitope-tagged peptides present in total cell lysates is demonstrated. Epitope-tagged tryptic peptides were captured via affinity interactions with either chelated Ni2+ or monoclonal antibodies and detected using surface plasmon resonance biomolecular interaction analysis (SPR-BIA). After SPR-BIA the tagged peptides were either eluted from the biosensor chips for mass spectrometric analysis or analyzed directly from the biosensor chip using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Protein database searches were performed using the masses of the tagged tryptic peptides, resulting in identification of the protein into which the epitope tag was inserted. Detection limits for both SPR-BIA and MALDI-TOF were at the low-femtomole to subfemtomole level. The approach represents a (multiplexed) high-sensitivity chip-based technique capable of identifying epitope-tagged proteins as they are present in complex mixtures.
Magnetic properties of the Nd2(Fe1−<i>x</i>Co<i>x</i>)14B system (1985)

We have investigated the magnetic properties of the Nd2(Fe1−xCox)14B system to improve the thermal properties of the Nd-Fe-B magnets. Nd2(Fe1−xCox)14B exists in the tetragonal form in the entire range of 0≤x≤1. In this system, the replacement of Fe by Co significantly increases the Curie temperature. The room-temperature magnetization of Nd2(Fe1−xCox)14B has its maximum value at x=0.1. However, because of the decrease in the anisotropy energy and the saturation magnetization by further substitution of Co for Fe, a reasonable substitution range of Co is suggested to be x&lt;0.2 in the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet. In this range of Co, we have succeeded in improving the reversible temperature coefficient of the remanence for the Nd-Fe-B magnets.
Transcription of the <i><i>ADH2</i></i> Gene in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Is Limited by Positive Factors That Bind Competitively to Its Intact Promoter Region on Multicopy Plasmids (1987)

Transcription of the ADH2 gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inhibited by excess copies of its own promoter region. This competition effect was promoter specific and required the upstream activation sequence of ADH2 as well as sequences 3' to the TATA box. Introducing excess copies of ADR1, an ADH2-specific regulatory gene, did not alleviate the competition that was observed in these circumstances during both constitutive and derepressed ADH2 expression. Excess copies of the upstream region did not release ADH2 from glucose repression, consistent with the view that ADH2 is regulated by positive trans-acting factors.
Using Task-Oriented Spoken Dialogue Systems for Language Learning: Potential, Practical Applications and Challenges (2004)

The technology developed for task-based spoken dialogue systems (SDS) has a significant potential for Computer-Assisted Language Learning. Based on the CMU Let’s Go SDS, we describe two areas in which we investigated adaptations of the technology to non-native speakers: speech recognition and correction prompt generation. Although difficulties remain, particularly towards robust understanding, results prove that this technology can be used to provide realistic, involved environment for language learning. 1
An area-efficient CMOS band-gap reference circuit for low supply voltages (2003)

A new area-efficient band-gap reference (BGR) circuit operated at low supply voltages using 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology is presented. The new BGR utilizes dual operational amplifiers (op-amps) with small area due to small resistance and small diode ratio, so the chip size is smaller than 0.04 mm/sup 2/. The operation voltage can be down to to 1.2 V, while the reference voltage (V/sub ref/) can be set to almost any values. The deviation of V/sub ref/ is less than 0.18% for the temperature range from -40/spl deg/C to 100/spl deg/C.
Robust control for carriage drum printer (1994)

A dynamic controller is developed for a nonlinear carriage drum printer model. The nonlinearities include static and Coulomb friction. A change in operating points also introduces other nonlinearities which can be modeled as perturbation feedbacks. Frequency weighting on the input is used to achieve decoupling between the carriage and drum systems. The H/sub 2/ suboptimal control theory is the basis for calculation of the proposed dynamic controller. The H/sub 2/ controller design theory is modified by parameterizing the state matrix by the operating point parameter variation which is realized by a table lookup routine. Another approach using the H/sub /spl infin// optimal criteria is developed as a comparison to the H/sub 2/ based controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>