gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HPC: A model of structure and change in distributed systems (1985)

Distributed systems must provide certain fundamental facilities, including communication, protection, resource management, reliability and process (computation) abstraction. The authors describe the design of HPC, an object-oriented model of interprocess relationships for distributed systems which addresses all of these fundamental services. The major novelties of HPC lie in the extension of the process abstraction to collections of processes and the provision of a rich set of structuring mechanisms for distributed computations. An important aspect of the model is that it results in the ability to maintain and exploit execution context for managing processes in a distributed computation.
Quantitative evaluation of dual-flip-angle T1 mapping on DCE-MRI kinetic parameter estimation in head and neck. (2012)

T1 deviations induced by DFA could result in significant errors in kinetic parameter estimation, particularly K(trans) and v(p), through Tofts model fitting. MFA method should be more reliable and robust for accurate quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis in head and neck.
Spectral Methods in MATLAB (2000)

Preface 1. Differentiation matrices 2. Unbounded grids: the semidiscrete Fourier transform 3. Periodic grids: the DFT and FFT 4. Smoothness and spectral accuracy 5. Polynomial interpolation and clustered grids 6. Chebyshev differentiation matrices 7. Boundary value problems 8. Chebyshev series and the FFT 9. Eigenvalues and pseudospectra 10. Time-stepping and stability regions 11. Polar coordinates 12. Integrals and quadrature formulas 13. More about boundary conditions 14. Fourth-order problems Afterword Bibliography Index.
Nuclear receptors : a practical approach (1999)

Preface Table of Contents List of Contributors 1. Evolutionary biology of the nuclear receptor superfamily 2. Initial characterization of new orphan receptors 3. Adopting orphans: finding ligands 4. Kinetic analysis of nuclear receptor interactions 5. Functional characterization of coactivators using mammalian cell microinjection 6. Analysis of steroid/nuclear receptor phosphorylation 7. Ligand- and cofactor-regulated transcription with chromatin templates 8. Hormone resistance syndromes 9. In Vitro assembly of steroid receptor - Hsp90 complexes 10. Yeast as a system for the study of nuclear receptor function 11. Regulation of heterologus proteins by fusion to a hormone binding domain List of non-standard Abbreviations List of suppliers Appendices
One‐Pot Conversion of Sugar and Sugar Polyols to <i>n</i>‐Alkanes without CC Dissociation over the Ir‐ReO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Catalyst Combined with H‐ZSM‐5 (2013)

High (≥95 % C) yields of n-hexane and n-pentane were obtained by hydrogenolysis of aqueous sorbitol and xylitol, respectively, at 413-443 K by using the Ir-ReOx /SiO2 catalyst combined with H-ZSM-5 as a cocatalyst and n-dodecane as a cosolvent. The direct production of n-hexane from glucose or cellobiose can be achieved by using the same system. The catalyst can be reused simply by the removal of the n-dodecane phase, which contains the product alkane, and the addition of fresh n-dodecane and substrate.
A computer architecture based on reconfigurable co-processor modules (1986)

In order to utilize computer systems with multiple processing units in high performance applications the architecture of the system frequently has to be optimized to fit the application. The result of this is that an architecture which is suitable for one kind of application is usually not suitable for others.
The contribution of this dissertation is the development of reconfigurable co-processor modules which can be programmed in real time to perform a wide variety of functions. These modules are similar to the fixed function co-processor modules, and serve to reduce the load of the main processor.
It is possible to utilize the reconfigurable co-processor modules in various topologies, but the ones specifically developed here are meant to be used in the star topology. To alleviate the problem of contention for the main system bus, a new addressing method to simultaneously broadcast data to multiple modules is also presented.
The co-processors are implemented as memory mapped microprogrammable modules, with a shared memory system for transferring data to and from the central processor.
The treatment in this dissertation is mainly at the hardware level. To be able to utilize such a system extensively more work will have to be done by computer scientists in the areas of concurrent languages and operating systems.
Design of High Performance Fuzzy Controllers Using Flexible Parameterized Membership Functions and Intelligent Genetic Algorithms. (2003)

This paper proposes a method for designing high performance fuzzy controllers with a compact rule system. The method is mainly derived from flexible parameterized membership functions (FPMFs) and an intelligent genetic algorithm (IGA) which is superior to the traditional GAs in solving large parameter optimization problems. An FPMF consists of flexible trapezoidal fuzzy sets that the fuzzy set is encoded using five parameters. Furthermore, the membership functions and fuzzy rules are simultaneously determined by effectively encoding all the system parameters into chromosomes. Therefore, the optimal design of fuzzy controllers is formulated as a large parameter optimization problem, which can be effectively solved by IGA. The proposed method is demonstrated by two well-known problems, truck backing and cart centering problems. It is shown empirically that the performance of the proposed method is superior to those of existing methods in terms of the numbers of time steps and fuzzy rules.
SEAME: a Mandarin-English code-switching speech corpus in south-east asia (2010)

In Singapore and Malaysia, people often speak a mixture of Mandarin and English within a single sentence. We call such sentences intra-sentential code-switch sentences. In this paper, we report on the development of a Mandarin-English codeswitching spontaneous speech corpus: SEAME. The corpus is developed as part of a multilingual speech recognition project and will be used to examine how Mandarin-English codeswitch speech occurs in the spoken language in South-East Asia. Additionally, it can provide insights into the development of large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) for code-switching speech. The corpus collected consists of intra-sentential code-switching utterances that are recorded under both interview and conversational settings. This paper describes the corpus design and the analysis of collected corpus.
AKT3 controls mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy <i>via</i> regulation of the major nuclear export protein CRM‐1 (2013)

Our previous work has shown that Akt3 is required for mitochondrial biogenesis in primary human endothelial cells (ECs) and in Akt3-null mice; Akt3 affects subcellular localization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α), the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanism by which Akt3 controls the subcellular distribution of PGC-1α and to explore the effect on mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover during angiogenesis. Here we use standard biochemical analyses and Akt3-knockdown strategies to show that Akt3 controls the stabilization of chromosome maintenance region-1 (CRM-1), the major nuclear export receptor. Site-directed mutagenesis and association analyses show that PGC-1α nuclear export is CRM-1 dependent. Akt3 knockdown and CRM-1 overexpression cause 3-fold reductions in PGC-1α target gene expression, compared to control levels. Akt3 inhibition causes autophagy, as measured by autophagosome formation, in a CRM-1-dependent, Akt1/mTOR-independent pathway. In vivo, Akt3-null and heterozygous mice show dose-dependent decreases in angiogenesis compared to wild-type littermates (~5- and 2.5-fold decreases, respectively), as assessed by Matrigel plug assays. This correlates with an ~1.5-fold decrease in mitochondrial Cox IV expression. Our studies suggest that Akt3 is a regulator of mitochondrial dynamics in the vasculature via regulation of CRM-1-dependent nuclear export.
Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Pathophysiology and Effect of Oral versus Intravenous Iron Therapy (2012)

Nutritional iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common disorder in the world, affecting more than two billion people. The World Health Organization's global database on anaemia has estimated a prevalence of 14% based on a regression-based analysis. Recent data show that the prevalence of IDA in pregnant women in industrialized countries is 17.4% while the incidence of IDA in developing countries increases significantly up to 56%. Although oral iron supplementation is widely used for the treatment of IDA, not all patients respond adequately to oral iron therapy. This is due to several factors including the side effects of oral iron which lead to poor compliance and lack of efficacy. The side effects, predominantly gastrointestinal discomfort, occur in a large cohort of patients taking oral iron preparations. Previously, the use of intravenous iron had been associated with undesirable and sometimes serious side effects and therefore was underutilised. However, in recent years, new type II and III iron complexes have been developed, which offer better compliance and toleration as well as high efficacy with a good safety profile. In summary, intravenous iron can be used safely for a rapid repletion of iron stores and correction of anaemia during and after pregnancy.
Use of the 4-methoxy-2,6-dimethylbenzenesulfonyl (Mds) group to synthesize dynorphin (1-13) and related peptides. (1981)

The syntheses of a tridecapeptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence of dynorphin [1-13], H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu-Lys-OH, and related truncated peptides, [4-13], [8-11], and [8-13], using the 4-methoxy-2, 6-dimethylbenzenesulfonyl (Mds) group for the protection of the guanidino function of arginine, are described. To synthesize dynorphin [1-13], three fragments, 1-3, 4-10, and 11-13, were prepared and used as building blocks for the final construction of the amino acid sequence of this peptide. Final deprotection of the fully protected peptide was achieved by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid-thioanisole at 50°C for 2 h and the purification of this synthetic peptide was effected by column chromatography on CM-cellulose. Other truncated peptides, [4-13], [8-11], and [8-13], were synthesized in the same manner as described for dynorphin [1-13]. The applicability of the Mds protecting group for the synthesis of arginine-containing peptides was confirmed.
A Tuning Technique for Temperature and Process Variation Compensation of Power Amplifiers with Digital Predistortion (2016)

Radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) are the most power consuming and inefficient devices in RF transceiver systems and are often integrated with performance enhancement techniques such as digital predistortion (DPD). However, the performance of the integrated system (PA with DPD) is significantly impacted by temperature drift and process variations and thus it is essential to have a tuning mechanism that compensates for these variations. This paper presents the idea for a novel tuning technique that incorporates a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in the integrated system (PA with DPD) to utilize the error signal generated by the digital predistortion technique to automatically tune the power amplifier's bias voltage for optimal performance. To evaluate the proposed tuning mechanism, simulation results from a closed-loop system consisting of an inverted Doherty power amplifier with digital predistortion integrated are presented.
Src mediates stimulation by vascular endothelial growth factor of the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase at tyrosine 861, and migration and anti-apoptosis in endothelial cells (2001)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), increases focal adhesion formation and is chemotactic for human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In the present study we identified the major sites of VEGF-induced FAK tyrosine phosphorylation and investigated the mechanism mediating this pathway in the action of VEGF. VEGF increased the focal adhesion localization of FAK phosphorylated at Tyr-397 (Y397) and Y861 but stimulated a marked increase in phosphorylation at Y861 without significantly affecting the total level of phospho-Y397 FAK. Inhibition of Src with the specific inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2) completely blocked VEGF-induced Y861 phosphorylation without decreasing the level of phospho-Y397 FAK. We also examined the role of Src in mediating endothelial functions of VEGF in which FAK has been implicated as having a role. PP2 markedly inhibited VEGF-induced chemotaxis and wound-healing cell migration. The Src inhibitor also decreased the anti-apoptotic effect of VEGF determined by surface staining of annexin V but did not increase FAK proteolysis or prevent the VEGF-dependent inhibition of FAK proteolysis. In contrast, the specific PtdIns 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 induced apoptosis and markedly decreased p125FAK expression and increased FAK proteolysis but had little effect on Y861 phosphorylation. These findings identify Src-dependent FAK phosphorylation at Y861 as a novel VEGF-induced signalling pathway in endothelial cells and suggest that this pathway might be involved in the mechanisms mediating VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and anti-apoptosis.
Short-term generation asset valuation (2003)

We present a method for valuing a power plant over a short term period using Monte Carlo simulation. The power plant valuation problem is formulated as a multi stage stochastic problem. We assume there are hourly markets for both electricity and the fuel used by the generator, and their prices follow some Ito processes. At each hour, the power plant operator must decide to run or not to run the unit so as to maximize expected profit. A certain lead time for commitment decision is necessary to start up a unit. The commitment decision, once made, is subject to physical constraints such as minimum uptime and downtime constraints. The generator's startup cost, is also taken into account in our model. The Monte Carlo method is employed not only in forward moving simulation, but also backward moving recursion of dynamic programming. We demonstrate through numerical tests how the physical constraints affect a power plant value.
Welcome to the opportunities of binary translation (2000)

A new processor architecture poses significant financial risk to hardware and software developers alike, so both have a vested interest in easily porting code from one processor to another. Binary translation offers solutions for automatically converting executable code to run on new architectures without recompiling the source code.
Experimental Evidence for Aggregation of Salmon Louse Copepodids <i>(Lepeophtheirus Salmonis)</i> in Step Salinity Gradients (1995)

The copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krayer (Copepoda: Caligida), the salmon louse, is a parasite of salmonids. The vertical distribution of the infective stage, the copepodid, was studied in salinity gradients with one step increase of 15‰ (154%e> on top of 304‰), 5‰ (25–4‰ on top of 30–4‰) and 2%> (28–4‰ on top of 304‰) in 1-m perspex columns. Copepodid distribution in a linear gradient, where the salinity increased from 154‰ at 0 cm depth to 304‰ at 87–5 cm, was also recorded. Homogeneous 304‰ salinity columns served as the control. In these, the animals gathered in the top section of the water column in response to 1 h of light from above, and spread downwards in response to 4 h of darkness. In columns with a 15‰ step increase in salinity with depth, copepodids aggregated just underneath the discontinuity irrespective of light conditions. In step salinity gradients of 5‰ and 2‰ S, under both light regimes, animals were significantly more numerous in the step sections compared with the control. In the linear gradient, significant numbers of copepodids accumulated at approximately 20‰ salinity when subjected to 1 h of light. In the dark, there were no significant aggregations. Copepodids were found in 15–17–2‰ salinity in all linear gradient experiments.
黑洞:“心”暖星系,掌控生长 (2009)

一项新研究表示,一个位于某个遥远星系中心的巨大黑洞每隔一段时间就会往外喷涌出能量,控制自身以及周围恒星的生长。它看起来就像一颗跳动的心脏,美国密歇根大学天文学家、研究团队成员麦特兹·罗斯库斯基说。
The Move Toward Electronic Health Records (2012)

A multitude of projects are under way that support the transition to electronic health records, which enable the exchange of health information among healthcare-related parties while maintaining patient privacy and offering security protections.
Multigrid methods: Grid transfer operators and subdivision schemes (2017)

The convergence rate of a multigrid method depends on the properties of the smoother and the so-called grid transfer operator. In this paper we define and analyze new grid transfer operators with a generic cutting size which are applicable for high order problems. We enlarge the class of available geometric grid transfer operators by relating the symbol analysis of the coarse grid correction with the approximation properties of univariate subdivision schemes. We show that the polynomial generation property and stability of a subdivision scheme are crucial for convergence and optimality of the corresponding multigrid method. We construct a new class of grid transfer operators from univariate primal binary and ternary pseudo-spline symbols. Our numerical results illustrate the behavior of the new grid transfer operators and provide promising preliminary results for the bivariate case
Paramyxovirus infection in lung transplant recipients. (1995)

Lower respiratory tract infection with paramyxovirus is common in lung transplant recipients and capable of causing death or a permanent reduction in pulmonary function.
Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Accelerates Dermal Wound Healing with Increased Recruitment of Monocytes/Macrophages and Neovascularization (2005)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) act as endothelial precursors that promote new blood vessel formation and increase angiogenesis by secreting growth factors and cytokines in ischemic tissues. These facts prompt the hypothesis that EPC transplantation should accelerate the wound-repair process by facilitating neovascularization and the production of various molecules related to wound healing. In a murine dermal excisional wound model, EPC transplantation accelerated wound re-epithelialization compared with the transplantation of mature endothelial cells (ECs) in control mice. When the wounds were analyzed immunohistochemically, the EPC-transplanted group exhibited significantly more monocytes/macrophages in the wound at day 5 after injury than did the EC-transplanted group. This observation is consistent with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showing that EPCs produced in abundance several chemoattractants of monocytes and macrophages that are known to play a pivotal role in the early phase of wound healing. At day 14 after injury, the EPC-transplanted group showed a statistically significant increase in vascular density in the granulation tissue relative to that of the EC-transplanted group. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that EPCs preferentially moved into the wound and were directly incorporated into newly formed capillaries in the granulation tissue. These results suggest that EPC transplantation will be useful in dermal wound repair and skin regeneration, because EPCs both promote the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages into the wound and increase neovascularization.
Multistage genome-wide association meta-analyses identified two new loci for bone mineral density (2013)

Aiming to identify novel genetic variants and to confirm previously identified genetic variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD), we conducted a three-stage genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis in 27 061 study subjects. Stage 1 meta-analyzed seven GWA samples and 11 140 subjects for BMDs at the lumbar spine, hip and femoral neck, followed by a Stage 2 in silico replication of 33 SNPs in 9258 subjects, and by a Stage 3 de novo validation of three SNPs in 6663 subjects. Combining evidence from all the stages, we have identified two novel loci that have not been reported previously at the genome-wide significance (GWS; 5.0 × 10(-8)) level: 14q24.2 (rs227425, P-value 3.98 × 10(-13), SMOC1) in the combined sample of males and females and 21q22.13 (rs170183, P-value 4.15 × 10(-9), CLDN14) in the female-specific sample. The two newly identified SNPs were also significant in the GEnetic Factors for OSteoporosis consortium (GEFOS, n = 32 960) summary results. We have also independently confirmed 13 previously reported loci at the GWS level: 1p36.12 (ZBTB40), 1p31.3 (GPR177), 4p16.3 (FGFRL1), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 5q14.3 (MEF2C), 6q25.1 (C6orf97, ESR1), 7q21.3 (FLJ42280, SHFM1), 7q31.31 (FAM3C, WNT16), 8q24.12 (TNFRSF11B), 11p15.3 (SOX6), 11q13.4 (LRP5), 13q14.11 (AKAP11) and 16q24 (FOXL1). Gene expression analysis in osteogenic cells implied potential functional association of the two candidate genes (SMOC1 and CLDN14) in bone metabolism. Our findings independently confirm previously identified biological pathways underlying bone metabolism and contribute to the discovery of novel pathways, thus providing valuable insights into the intervention and treatment of osteoporosis.