gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Redox priming of the insulin receptor β‐chain associated with altered tyrosine kinase activity and insulin responsiveness in the absence of tyrosine autophosphorylation (1998)

ABSTRACT Induction of tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor (IR) β‐chain is believed to require its autophosphorylation at Tyr 1162 , Tyr 1163 , and Tyr 1158 . However, the mechanism of the initial phosphorylation is poorly understood. We show that treatment of IR‐transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells with antioxidants inhibits insulin responsiveness. Conversely, partial inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and glutathione reductase by 1,3‐bis‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea (BCNU), i.e., procedures that intracellularly induce mildly oxidative conditions, caused a decrease in IR β‐chain sulfhydryl groups and enhanced synergistically the induction of IR tyrosine phosphorylation by insulin. The IR β‐chain from cells treated with BSO/ BCNU in the absence of insulin was not detectably tyrosine phosphorylated, but nevertheless was functionally altered, as demonstrated in vitro by a moderate kinase activity at low ATP concentrations (5 nM) and a strong kinase activity at 25 μM ATP. This activity was found to be specific for tyrosine (not for serine or threonine), and tryptic peptide maps indicated that it is more selective than that induced by insulin. Moreover, the kinase activity from BSO/BCNU‐treated cells showed a spontaneous decay that was not prevented by the phosphatase inhibitor vanadate. Together, these results suggest that optimal insulin responsiveness may require a process of ‘redox priming’ of the IR β‐chain that involves structural and functional changes in the absence of detectable tyrosine phosphorylation of the β‐chain.—Schmid, E., El Benna, J., Galter, D., Klein, G., Dröge, W. Redox priming of the insulin receptor β‐chain associated with altered tyrosine kinase activity and insulin responsiveness in the absence of tyrosine autophosphorylation. FASEB J . 12, 863–870 (1998)
Über die Tischtschenko‐Reaktion von Aldolen (1979)

Abstract Die Aldole 7 verbinden sich mit den Aldehyden 6a‐e über die Halbacetale 8a‐e oder die 1,3‐Dioxan‐4‐ole 9a‐e thermisch oder katalytisch durch 1,5‐ oder 2,4‐Hydridverschiebung zu den Hydroxyalkyl‐alkanoaten 10a‐e . Die Estergruppe resultiert regioselektiv aus der Hydroxyalkyl‐gruppe in 7 und der Carbonylgruppe in 6a‐e . Die Verbindungen 6a‐e hydrieren die Carbonyl‐gruppe von 7 zur Hydroxymethylgruppe. Die Aldole 7 und 6f‐k allein disproportionieren analog dimerisierend zu den Hydroxyalkyl‐(hydroxyalkanoaten) 10f‐k . Die Hydroxyalkyl‐alkanoate 11a‐e und Hydroxyalkyl‐(hydroxyalkanoate) 11f‐k sind Folgeprodukte intramolekularer Umesterung.
1,3‐Dipolare Cycloadditionen, 84. Additionen mit Chinolinium‐, Isochinolinium‐ und Phenanthridinium‐<i>N</i>‐imid<sup>2)</sup> (1977)

Abstract Anstelle der im Titel genannten Betaine erhält man Dimere vom Hexahydrotetrazin‐Typ 6 , 8 und 9 , wenn man die Aminierungsprodukte aus Chinolin, Isochinolin und Phenanthridin mit Hydroxylamin‐ O ‐sulfonsäure alkalisch aufarbeitet. Obwohl die monomeren zwitter‐ionischen N ‐Imine nicht direkt im Dissoziationsgleichgewicht nachweisbar sind, verhalten sich die Lösungen so, wie man es für die aromatischen Azomethinimine als 1,3‐Dipole erwartet. Die Cycloadditionen an Propiolsäureester, Acetylendicarbonsäureester und Phenylpropiolsäureester ergeben bei 6 , 8 und 9 Derivate des Pyrazolochinolins, ‐isochinolins bzw. ‐phenanthridins; in einigen Fällen werden die um 2H reicheren [1:1]‐Addukte isoliert. Isochinolinium‐2‐imid ( 7 ) addiert sich auch an Zimtsäureester, Mesityloxid, Diphenylthioncarbonat und Phenylthiocyanat. Dagegen führt die Einwirkung von Cyanameisensäureester, Chlorameisensäureester, Phenylisocyanat und Chlorcarbonylessigsäureester auf das dimere Isochinolinium‐ N ‐imid 9 zu den zwitterionischen N ‐Acylierungsprodukten des monomeren N ‐Imids. Die Reaktivität der heteroaromatischen N ‐Imide und ihrer Dimeren wird diskutiert.
Spectrum sharing using licensed shared access: the concept and its workflow for LTE-advanced networks (2014)

Spectrum sharing between an existing incumbent spectrum user and an LTE/LTEAdvanced network with conditions that resemble exclusive licensing have become an appealing solution for mobile network operators to respond to the growing traffic and spectrum demand in a timely manner. While traditional exclusive licensing continues to be the preferred option for MNOs, the new sharing- based licensed shared access (LSA) concept is receiving growing interest in research, regulation and standardization. When applied to mobile communications, the LSA concept would allow an MNO to share spectrum from another type of incumbent spectrum user under a regulator¿s supervision with predetermined rules and conditions that guarantee operational certainty for both MNO and incumbent. This article reviews different types of spectrum bands for LTE/LTE-Advanced and beyond networks, and focuses on the LSA concept as a spectrally efficient solution for spectrum access in the future. The article identifies the key stakeholders, including the incumbent spectrum user, the MNO, and the regulator, and their roles in the LSA concept. The key elements in the LSA concept are reviewed, and a work flow for the life cycle of the LSA concept is proposed, consisting of LSA preparation, licensing, deployment, and release phases. The tasks of the key stakeholders in the different phases of the LSA work flow are discussed. The LSA concept can offer a complementary approach to traditional exclusive licensing and license-exempt operations with features that benefit all involved stakeholders. It can be realized with reasonable modifications to the existing network infrastructure and regulatory framework with two new elements for managing the varying spectrum availability: the LSA Repository and LSA Controller.
FK506 Nephrotoxicity (1999)

Tacolimus (FK506) is a potent immunosuppressive agent with significant nephrotoxic properties. FK506 is complexed with an intracellular binding protein FKBP-12. Both the immunosuppressive and nephrotoxic effects may be linked to the inhibitory effect of this complex on calcineurin. The initial phase of FK506 nephrotoxicity is associated with a reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. More significant microvascular injury may follow with endothelial damage. Tubular epithelial cell vacuolation, atrophy and micocalcification may be associated with the development of irreversible interstitial fibrosis. At times, mesangial cell proliferation adds to the glomerular abnormalities. These effects may be mediated by the inhibitory effect on calcineurin and its role in regulating cellular calcium channels. FK506 stimulates several inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-beta, with potential deleterious effects. Also abnormalities in the reninangiotensin system, endothelin, renal prostaglandins, adrenergic receptors may all play a role in the nephrotoxic effects.
Learning and Inferring “Dark Matter” and Predicting Human Intents and Trajectories in Videos (2017)

This paper presents a method for localizing functional objects and predicting human intents and trajectories in surveillance videos of public spaces, under no supervision in training. People in public spaces are expected to intentionally take shortest paths (subject to obstacles) toward certain objects (e.g., vending machine, picnic table, dumpster etc.) where they can satisfy certain needs (e.g., quench thirst). Since these objects are typically very small or heavily occluded, they cannot be inferred by their visual appearance but indirectly by their influence on people's trajectories. Therefore, we call them "dark matter", by analogy to cosmology, since their presence can only be observed as attractive or repulsive "fields" in the public space. A person in the scene is modeled as an intelligent agent engaged in one of the "fields" selected depending his/her intent. An agent's trajectory is derived from an Agent-based Lagrangian Mechanics. The agents can change their intents in the middle of motion and thus alter the trajectory. For evaluation, we compiled and annotated a new dataset. The results demonstrate our effectiveness in predicting human intent behaviors and trajectories, and localizing and discovering distinct types of "dark matter" in wide public spaces.
Synthesis of Bi<sub>2</sub>(Ca, Sr, Ba)<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub><i>x</i></sub> (1989)

The iron containing oxides Bi-Sr-Fe-O, Bi-Sr-Ca-Fe-O and Bi-Sr-Ba-Fe-O were perpared by the solid state reaction, and examined by transmission electron microscopy and four-probe resistivity measurement. TEM observation showed that a large degree of substitution is possible in the calcium and barium doped systems and they are of Aurivillius phase suggesting an isostructure of 80 K-superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox. However, the resistivity measurement showed that they are not metallic conductor but insulator.
Evaluating ivosidenib for the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML: design, development, and place in therapy (2018)

Abstract: Improvements in the last decade in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have emphasized that treatment regimens should be personalized with agents that can selectively target genetic abnormalities if present. Neomorphic mutations in isoform 1 of isocitrate dehydrogenase ( IDH1 ) result in the formation of the oncometabolite R -2-hydroxyglutarate, which drives leukemic transformation by affecting processes such as chromatin remodeling, the cellular defense against oxidative stress and cell survival. Preclinical studies with small molecule inhibitors have validated mutant IDH1 as a molecular target, and a recent Phase 1 clinical trial with the first mutant IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib has prompted approval by the US Food and Drug Association for the treatment of patients with IDH1 -mutated AML in the relapsed and refractory setting due to impressive results. This approval has given a group of patients, that otherwise has a very poor prognosis and limited options, new hope, and it is to be expected that more indications for ivosidenib will follow soon. These developments highlight the potential of precision medicine in AML, with more agents currently under evaluation in clinical trials. Although the first reports have also already emerged describing acquired resistance for these mutant IDH inhibitors, combination treatment might overcome this problem, which could drastically change the treatment landscape of AML over the next few years. Keywords: ivosidenib, AML, IDH1, relapsed, refractory
Synthesis of Recombinant Human Cytokine GM-CSF in the Seeds of Transgenic Tobacco Plants (1998)

We are interested in studying plant systems as vehicles for the production of recombinant proteins of clinical relevance. There are a number of potential advantages to producing recombinant protein products in plants. Plants are more economical compared to fermentation or cell-culture facilities and their production scale can be easily increased. They offer the potential for very high levels of heterologous protein production and because many plant tissues are generally recognized as safe, the probability of health risks because of contamination with potential human pathogens and toxins in recombinant products derived from plants is minimized. Furthermore, plants have glycosylation machinery like other eukaryotic systems (1).
ISIS project: an open platform for multimedia interactive services (1997)

The paper provides an overview of the ISIS project (interactive satellite multimedia information system), commissioned by the European Commission within the frame of the ACTS 4th Framework Programme and coordinated by Alenia Aerospazio. The ISIS objective is to demonstrate the technical and economical feasibility of interactive services (interactive TV, teleducation, telemedicine) via satellite, in the framework of multimedia applications. ISIS will utilise the Ku band for the forward service and the Ka band for the return interactive link, mainly supporting asymmetric traffic. The paper devotes a specific emphasis on the use of the satellite based DVB MPEG-2 transport stream to broadcast IP packets, aiming to support the increasing numbers of Internet and Intranet applications. The compatibility with DVB will allow end users to utilize the same digital TV home receiver to access the WWW with consequent obvious market potential. The ISIS project experimental campaign, also depicted in this paper, will be the forerunner of an operational system capable of providing a wide range of interactive services, asymmetric and symmetric (videoconference, teleducation), fully exploiting the wideband capability in the forward and return direction given by the use of the Ka band.
CK and LD isozymes in human single muscle fibers in trained athletes (1989)

Individual human muscle fibers from the vastus lateralis were isolated from age-matched endurance-trained and strength-trained athletes and untrained controls. Slow- (ST) and fast-twitch (FT) fibers were assayed for total creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, total lactate dehydrogenase (LD), the LD isozyme that predominates in the heart muscle of most vertebrates (LD1), and citrate synthase (CS). Regardless of training of the athletes, both CK-MB and CS were higher in ST than in FT fibers. Also, irrespective of fiber type, CK-MB and CS were greatest in the endurance-trained group. A positive correlation existed between CK-MB and CS, relating oxidative capacity of individual fibers with CK-MB. Total CK varied little among the fiber types, trained groups, or controls. Total LD in FT fibers was greater than in ST fibers in all groups, with only ST fibers from the endurance-trained group containing substantial amounts of LD1. These findings suggest that specific training, endurance exercise, causes a favorable metabolic adaptation of CK and LD isozymes at the individual fiber level, allowing for the muscle to cope with increased energy demands during prolonged exercise.
Oral Malodor and its Relevance to Periodontal Disease in the Dog (1998)

Oral malodor has been studied extensively in humans but very little work has been done in dogs where it constitutes a significant problem. In this article we review its causes, methods of detection, and strategies for preventing it. Oral malodor arises from microbial metabolism of exogenous and endogenous proteinaceous substrates in the oral cavity and is exacerbated by periodontal disease and poor oral hygiene. Gram negative bacteria found in plaque, in periodontal pockets, and on the dorsum of the tongue are primarily responsible for odor production. The volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan, which are produced by these bacteria, are not only primarily responsible for the objectionable odor but have been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Assessment of malodor by portable sulfide monitors correlates well with organoleptic measurements. Reduction of microbial load in the oral cavity due to good oral hygiene practices (such as tooth-brushing) or by the use of appropriate diets or chews may reduce malodor formation.
COPRA: Computer Operations Problem Resolution Assistant (2002)

The authors are developing a case-based reasoning (CBR) system called COPRA to help computer operations personnel at Internal Revenue Service (IRS) service centers to recover from problems that occur during the processing of databases which contain taxpayer information. The case base in this system contains prototypical cases developed from experiences of senior personnel from the IRS National Office in Washington, DC, and the IRS service center in Fresno, CA. The performance of the prototype system has been evaluated in a laboratory setting with regard to noise and the size of its case base. This evaluation showed that, for the particular class of problems that the current COPRA prototype is expected to address, both the size of the case base and the amount of noise in it had a significant effect on retrieval. The system was implemented using the CBR Express shell.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polyaniline nanofibers: broadening applications for conducting polymers (2017)

Polyaniline is a conducting polymer with incredible promise, but it has had limited use due to poor reaction control and processability associated with conventional morphologies. Polyaniline nanofibers, on the other hand, have demonstrated, through manufacturing techniques discovered during the past decade, increased processability, higher surface area, and improved consistency and stability in aqueous dispersions, which are finally allowing for expanded commercial development of this promising polymer. This review explores some intriguing applications of polyaniline nanofibers, as well as the advantages and remaining challenges in developing better products using polyaniline in this new morphology.
Traditional Chinese medicine on treating epididymitis (2019)

This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM for treating epididymitis. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process.Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42019130569.
Identification of genes induced by factor deprivation in hematopoietic cells undergoing apoptosis using gene-trap mutagenesis and site-specific recombination (1996)

A strategy employing gene-trap mutagenesis and site-specific recombination (Cre/loxP) has been developed to isolate genes that are transcriptionally activated during programmed cell death. Interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent hematopoietic precursor cells (FDCP1) expressing a reporter plasmid that codes for herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase, neomycin phosphotransferase, and murine IL-3 were transduced with a retroviral gene-trap vector carrying coding sequences for Cre-recombinase (Cre) in the U3 region. Activation of Cre expression from integrations into active genes resulted in a permanent switching between the selectable marker genes that converted the FDCP1 cells to factor independence. Selection for autonomous growth yielded recombinants in which Cre sequences in the U3 region were expressed from upstream cellular promoters. Because the expression of the marker genes is independent of the trapped cellular promoter, genes could be identified that were transiently induced by IL-3 withdrawal.
고속축중기를 활용한 과적단속시스템의 과적 억제효과 분석 (2012)

PURPOSES : The aim of this study is to analyze overloading control effectiveness of enforcing overweighted vehicles using HS-WIM (High-Speed Weigh-in-Motion) at main lane of expressway. METHODS : To analyze the weight distribution statistically, HS-WIM system should has an appropriate weighing accuracy. Thus, the weighing accuracy of the two HS-WIM systems was estimated by applying European specifications and ASTM (American Standards for Testing and Materials) for WIM in this study. Based on the results of accuracy test, overweight enforcement system has been operated at main lanes of two expressway routes in order to provide weight informations of overweighted vehicle in real time for enforcement squad. To evaluate the overloading control effectiveness with enforcement, traffic volume and axle loads of trucks for two months at the right after beginning of the enforcement were compared with data set for same periods before the enforcement. RESULTS : As the results of weighing accuracy test, both WIM systems were accepted to the most precise type that can be useful to applicate not only statistical purpose but enforcing on overweight vehicles directly. After the enforcement, the rate of overweighted trucks that weighed over enforcement limits had been decreased by 27% compared with the rate before the enforcement. Especially, the rate of overweighted trucks that weighed over 48 tons had been decreased by 91%. On the other hand, in counterpoint to decrease of the overweighted vehicle, the rate of trucks that weighed under enforcement limits had been increased by 7%. CONCLUSIONS: From the results, it is quite clear that overloading has been controlled since the beginning of the enforcement.
Delayed catabolism of apoB-48 lipoproteins due to decreased heparan sulfate proteoglycan production in diabetic mice (2000)

We used wild-type (WT) mice and mice engineered to express either apoB-100 only (B100 mice) or apoB-48 only (B48 mice) to examine the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes (DM) on apoB-100- and apoB-48-containing lipoproteins. Plasma lipids increased with DM in WT mice, and fat tolerance was markedly impaired. Lipoprotein profiles showed increased levels and cholesterol enrichment of VLDL in diabetic B48 mice but not in B100 mice. C apolipoproteins, in particular apoC-I in VLDL, were increased. To investigate the basis of the increase in apoB-48 lipoproteins in streptozotocin-treated animals, we characterized several parameters of lipoprotein metabolism. Triglyceride and apoB production rates were normal, as were plasma lipase activity, VLDL glycosaminoglycan binding, and VLDL lipolysis. However, beta-VLDL clearance decreased due to decreased trapping by the liver. Whereas LRP activity was normal, livers from treated mice incorporated significantly less sulfate into heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) than did controls. Hepatoma (HepG2) cells and endothelial cells cultured in high glucose also showed decreased sulfate and glucosamine incorporation into HSPG. Western blots of livers from diabetic mice showed a decrease in the HSPG core protein, perlecan. Delayed clearance of postprandial apoB-48-containing lipoproteins in DM appears to be due to decreased hepatic perlecan HSPG.
새만금·시화 간척지 토양의 pH, 염농도 분석을 통한 작물생육 가능성 확인 (2015)

현재 국내 간척지는 총 1641지구, 135685ha로 국내 경지 면적의 9%에 이른다. 작물의 생산성에는 토양의 pH와 염농도가 큰 영향을 미치는데, 간척지의 경우 가용성염류와 치환성 나트륨이 과다하게 함유되어 있어 토양용액의 삼투압과 토양의 알칼리성이 높다. 일반적으로 염농도 1%이내에서 간척지에서의 작물의 생산성이 일반 농경지의 70% 이상이 되지만 2% 이상이 되면 생산성이 일반 농경지의 50% 이하로 떨어지게 된다. pH의 경우 7.5~8 이상으로 높아지면 작물 생육이 억제되고 NH4+휘발에 의해 질소 손실의 원인이 된다. 이는 작물생육의 저해요인이 되므로 토양의 pH와 염농도에 대한 지속적인 관리가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 시화지구 8개소와 새만금지구 22개소에서 시료를 채취하였으며 시료와 물을 1:5로 혼합하여 pH와 염 농도의 측정을 하였다. pH 측정 결과, 시화지구에서는 범위가 7.17~8.81, 평균이 8.08이고 새만금지구에서는 범위가 5.50~8.94, 평균이 7.37이었다. 한편 토양의 염 농도 측정 결과, 시화지구에서는 범위가 0.0745%~2.0416%, 평균이 1.0288%이고 새만금지구에서는 범위가 0.0258%~0.9782%, 평균이 0.2865%로 측정되었다. 시화지구의 경우 2개소만이 작물 생육에 적합함으로 나타났다 반면 새만금지구의 경우는 pH가 7.5 이상인 곳이 22개소 중 7개소로 작물 생육에 부적합함으로 나타났지만 염농도는 모두 1%미만으로 작물생육에 적합함으로 나타났다.
The Development of Latent Fingerprints with Ninhydrin (1969)

David A. Crown, M.Crim., is a Questioned Document Analyst, with the federal government. Mr. Crown has served previously as Assistant Director of the San Francisco Postal Identification Laboratory where much of the research for the present article was conducted. He received his Masters Degree in Criminology from the University of California, Berkeley, and is continuing his graduate studies toward his doctorate at this institution. Mr. Crown is currently Secretary of the Questioned Document Section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences.-EDITOR.