gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high efficiency Si LDMOS Doherty power amplifier with optimized linearity (2009)

This paper presents a high efficiency uneven UMTS Doherty power amplifier (DPA) based on Si LDMOS technology. An optimum output combining network was designed to enhance the efficiency at backoff power. High efficiency Si LDMOS transistors were used for the DPA design. The designed DPA has a maximum output power of P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> =39.7 dBm (9.4 W). A maximum drain efficiency of ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =54% (PAE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =40%) was measured. The efficiency was maintained above ¿=40% (PAE =36%), over 6 dB backoff, and above ¿=32% (PAE=30%), over 9 dB backoff, relative to the maximum (saturated) output power. The designed PA was experimentally optimized to enhance its linearity. For a 1-carrier W-CDMA test signal, an ACPR of -44 dBc was measured at an average output power of P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> =30.7 dBm.
Preformulation Research: Assessing Protein Solution Behavior during Early Development (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Forces in Protein Stabilization Physical Stability Strategies to Assess Physical Stability During Preformulation Research Potential Chemical Instabilities in Preformulation Stress Studies to Identify Potential Instabilities Acknowledgments References
Podocalyxin is a CD34-related marker of murine hematopoietic stem cells and embryonic erythroid cells (2005)

Podocalyxin/podocalyxin-like protein 1 [PCLP1]/thrombomucin/MEP21 is a CD34-related sialomucin. We have performed a detailed analysis of its expression during murine development and assessed its utility as a marker of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their more differentiated progeny. We find that podocalyxin is highly expressed by the first primitive hematopoietic progenitors and nucleated red blood cells to form in the embryonic yolk sac. Likewise, podocalyxin is expressed by definitive multilineage hematopoietic progenitors and erythroid precursors in fetal liver. The level of podocalyxin expression gradually declines with further embryo maturation and reaches near-background levels at birth. This is followed by a postnatal burst of expression that correlates with the seeding of new hematopoietic progenitors to the spleen and bone marrow. Shortly thereafter, podocalyxin expression gradually declines, and by 4 weeks postpartum it is restricted to a rare population of Sca-1(+), c-kit(+), lineage marker(-) (Lin(-)) cells in the bone marrow. These rare podocalyxin-expressing cells are capable of serially reconstituting myeloid and lymphoid lineages in lethally irradiated recipients, suggesting they have HSC activity. In summary, we find that podocalyxin is a marker of embryonic HSCs and erythroid cells and of adult HSCs and that it may be a valuable marker for the purification of these cells for transplantation.
Perfluorocarbon Distribution to Liver, Lung and Spleen of Emulsions of Perfluorotributylamine (FTBA) in Pigs and Rats and Perfluorooctyl Bromide (Pfob) in Rats and Dogs by <sup>19</sup> F NMR Spectroscopy (1994)

Perfluorocarbon emulsion (FCE) particles are reported to be taken up by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and ultimately eliminated by the lung. This distribution provides an opportunity to measure oxygen partial pressure in vivo with fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI). Since the MR image signal-to-noise ratio is directly proportional to the fluorine concentration in the tissue, a greater concentration of perfluorocarbon (PFC) in the tissue will result in a greater confidence in the oxygen image and reduce measurement time. It was postulated that the biodistribution of PFC administered in emulsion form may depend on species RES or FCE composition. The distribution of an emulsion (Oxypherol-E.T.) containing perfluorotributylamine (FTBA) 5 days after administration to pigs (11 g FTBA/kg body weight i.p.) and rats (19 g FTBA/kg i.p.) and an emulsion (Oxygent) containing perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) 7 days after administration to dogs (11 g PFOB/kg i.v.) and 5 days after administrations to rats (19 g PFOB/kg i.p.) was analyzed by F-19 NMR spectroscopy of tissue samples. PFC concentrations in spleen are 2 to 3 times those in liver. This pattern appears to be independent of PFC emulsion or species. In contrast, lung PFC content was less than that in the liver and showed a dependence upon both species and PFC emulsion.
Comblike Cyclopolymers of Alkyldiallylamines and Alkyldiallylmethylammonium Chlorides (1991)

Water-soluble and comb-like cyclopolymers of alkyldiallylamines (alkyl=decyl and hexadecyl, ADAA) and the corresponding alkyldiallylmethylammonium chlorides (ADAMAC) were prepared by radical polymerization at 40°C in water solution. The polymers were characterized by NMR and DSC. The monomers were also cyclocopolymerized with diallyldimethylammonium chloride. Although the protonated ADAA and ADAMAC possess long alkyl chains, they cyclopolymerized like those monomers possessing shorter chains, and formed predominantly pyrrolidinium rings. The ring was largely cis-substituted; however, the ratio of the cis- to the trans-substituted peaks varied among the monomers studied. Because the cyclopolymers possess long alkyl side-chains, they showed a side-chain crystallization. The cyclopolymers also formed polymeric micelles.
Adaptive channel error protection of subband encoded images (1993)

Protection of images that are encoded using subband coding from channel error is addressed. In this scheme the low-pass subband is encoded using DPCM (differential pulse-code modulation), and the other subbands are encoded using a scalar quantizer. The quantizers are all Lloyd-Max quantizers, from which the representation levels have fixed length codewords. First, considering only single errors in each codeword, a channel error distortion measure is derived for each quantizer, that is, for each subband. Codewords are assigned to the quantizer representation levels, yielding a low value of the distortion measure. Next, sets S/sub ij/ consisting of the jth bit from subband i are formed. Each set S/sub ij/ is assigned a particular BCH code C/sub ij/. An algorithm that optimally assigns BCH codes C/sub ij/ to each set S/sub ij/, based on a channel error distortion measure for the entire image, is derived. The protection scheme is adaptive, because each set of bits within each subband can be assigned a different error protection code. Examples show that this approach is preferable to assigning equal error protection codes to each set of bits. It is shown that in the case of a channel error probability of 10/sup -3/, only 5% to 10% extra bits are needed for adequate channel error protection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Auditory Beat Stimulation and its Effects on Cognition and Mood States (2015)

Auditory beat stimulation may be a promising new tool for the manipulation of cognitive processes and the modulation of mood states. Here, we aim to review the literature examining the most current applications of auditory beat stimulation and its targets. We give a brief overview of research on auditory steady-state responses and its relationship to auditory beat stimulation (ABS). We have summarized relevant studies investigating the neurophysiological changes related to ABS and how they impact upon the design of appropriate stimulation protocols. Focusing on binaural-beat stimulation, we then discuss the role of monaural- and binaural-beat frequencies in cognition and mood states, in addition to their efficacy in targeting disease symptoms. We aim to highlight important points concerning stimulation parameters and try to address why there are often contradictory findings with regard to the outcomes of ABS.
Decentralized Identity and Trust Management Framework for Internet of Things (2020)

Today, Internet of Things (IoT) devices mostly operate in enclosed, proprietary environments. To unfold the full potential of IoT applications, a unifying and permissionless environment is crucial. All IoT devices, even unknown to each other, would be able to trade services and assets across various domains. In order to realize those applications, uniquely resolvable identities are essential. However, quantifiable trust in identities and their authentication are not trivially provided in such an environment due to the absence of a trusted authority. This research presents a new identity and trust framework for IoT devices, based on Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). IoT devices assign identities to themselves, which are managed publicly and decentralized on the DLT's network as Self Sovereign Identities (SSI). In addition to the Identity Management System (IdMS), the framework provides a Web of Trust (WoT) approach to enable automatic trust rating of arbitrary identities. For the framework we used the IOTA Tangle to access and store data, achieving high scalability and low computational overhead. To demonstrate the feasibility of our framework, we provide a proof-of-concept implementation and evaluate the set objectives for real world applicability as well as the vulnerability against common threats in IdMSs and WoTs.
Partitioned waveform inversion and two‐dimensional structure under the network of autonomously recording seismographs (1990)

Nonlinear optimization methods are very effective in finding models that predict optimal waveform fits to observed seismograms, provided the number of model parameters is small. To reduce the size of the large‐scale two‐or three‐dimensional seismic modelling problem, path integrals over seismic velocities may be defined as model parameters instead of the seismic velocities themselves. This partitions the large‐scale optimization problem into a number of independent small‐scale problems and reduces the computational effort by several orders of magnitude. The path integral parameters are transformed such that their correlation matrix becomes diagonal. A linear inversion performs the mapping from the space of path integral parameters into the model space of seismic velocities and makes Backus‐Gilbert resolution analysis possible. The method has been applied to body wave and surface wave data from the broadband portable Network of Autonomously Recording Seismographs (NARS) in western Europe. Using a surface wave ray approximation to generate synthetics by mode summation, waveforms were fitted for frequencies as high as 50 mHz. Variations in S velocity as large as 6±1% have been established with a vertical resolution of 100–150 km and a horizontal resolution as small as 400 km in parts of the model. Although a low velocity layer is present under the southern part of the NARS array, such layer is very weak or absent north of the Paris Basin. Horizontal velocity gradients are well‐resolved down to 400 km depth.
An equalization method for OFDM in time varying multipath channels (2005)

An equalization method for OFDM systems in time varying multipath channels is investigated. Intercarrier interference (ICI) due to the Doppler spread in OFDM causes significant degradation of bit error rate (BER), which leads to an error floor. This influence becomes significant when the carrier frequency, moving speed of the receiver and OFDM block size increase. In order to cancel the ICI, the received OFDM symbol vector is equalized by multiplying the inverse matrix of the estimated channel matrix. The channel is modeled by a combination of multiple Doppler-shifted propagation paths and their equivalent parameters which are estimated by using specially scattered pilot symbols. Computer simulation results show that by using the proposed equalization method, the BER can be reduced significantly.
Distributed object-oriented real-time simulation of ground transportation networks with the TMO structuring scheme (2003)

The TMO (Time-triggered Message-Triggered Object) structuring scheme is aimed at facilitating real-time (RT) distributed software engineering in a form which software engineers in the vast business software field can adapt to with small efforts. It is a syntactically simple and natural but semantically powerful extension of the conventional object structuring approaches. In the course of developing a TMO-structured RT system engineering methodology, an attractively simple approach to parallel and distributed RT simulation has been produced. Also, we recently implemented a TMO execution engine based on the Windows NT platform and named it TMOSM/NT. As an effort for validation of both the execution engine TMOSM/NT and the TMO-structured RT simulation approach, a freeway automobile traffic simulator named distributed object-oriented freeway simulator (DOFS), has been constructed. In this paper, the design techniques and tools applied in development of DOFS are discussed.
<i>cis</i> -Acting Effects on RNA Processing and Drosha Cleavage Prevent Epstein-Barr Virus Latency III BHRF1 Expression (2011)

In Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency III (LTIII) infection, BHRF1 encodes three microRNAs (miRNAs). Herein we report that Drosha cleavage of LTIII BHRF1 RNA and cis-acting splicing effects inhibit splicing and inhibit BHRF1 RNA and protein expression. Evidence shown here supports the view that Drosha cleavage to generate mature miRNAs and cis-acting sequences that prevent mRNA maturation are independent processes that prevent LTIII BHRF1 expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines.
Modulation of Tetraplex Formation by Chemical Modifications of a G<sub>4</sub>-Containing Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTModulation of Tetraplex Formation by Chemical Modifications of a G4-Containing Phosphorothioate OligonucleotideJia Liu Wolfe and John GoodchildView Author Information Hybridon, Inc., One Innovation Drive Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 26, 6301–6302Publication Date (Web):July 3, 1996Publication History Received15 March 1996Published online3 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ja960846wCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (194 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Chemical structure,Genetics,Guanine,Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Get e-Alerts
Comment on Brad Delong: Tell the Whole Story (2009)

Brad Delong mischaracterizes economic options, according to Sven Wilson of Brigham Young University.
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type V receptor has a TGF-beta-stimulated serine/threonine-specific autophosphorylation activity. (1992)

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type V receptor, a newly identified high molecular weight TGF-beta receptor (M(r) approximately 400,000) has been purified from bovine liver plasma membranes (O'Grady, P., Kuo, M.-D., Baldassare, J. J., Huang, S. S., and Huang, J. S. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 8583-8589). The purified TGF-beta type V receptor underwent autophosphorylation at serine residues when incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP in the presence of 0.1% beta-mercaptoethanol and 2.5 mM MnCl2. This phosphorylation was stimulated by preincubation with TGF-beta. The preferred exogenous substrate for the Ser/Thr-specific phosphorylation activity of the type V receptor was found to be bovine casein. The TGF-beta type V receptor could be affinity-labeled with 5'-p-[adenine-8-14C]fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine. Polylysine appeared to stimulate the autophosphorylation of the TGF-beta type receptor in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP and the incorporation of 5'-p-[adenine-8-14C]fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine into the TGF-beta type V receptor. The amino acid sequence analysis of the peptide fragments produced by cyanogen bromide cleavage of the purified TGF-beta type V receptor revealed that a peptide, namely CNBr-19, contained an amino acid sequence which shows homology to the putative ATP binding site of the receptors for activin, the Caenorhabditis elegans daf-1 gene product, and TGF-beta type II receptor (Lin, H. Y., Wang, Y.-F., Ng-Eaton, E., Weinberg, R. A., and Lodish, H. F. (1992) Cell 68, 775-785). These results suggest that the TGF-beta type V receptor is a Ser/Thr-specific protein kinase and belongs to the new class of membrane receptors associated with a Ser/Thr-specific protein kinase activity.
Amino acid nutrition and immune function in tumour-bearing rats: a comparison of glutamine-, arginine- and ornithine 2-oxoglutarate-supplemented diets (1999)

Dietary supplementation with glutamine (Gln), arginine (Arg) or ornithine 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate; OKG) has attracted recent attention for the potential to improve anti-cancer immune function. However, since these compounds have not been compared systematically in an internally controlled study, their relative efficacy is difficult to estimate. Buffalo rats were fed on nutritionally complete semi-purified diets supplemented with Gln, Arg or OKG for 14 days after implantation of the Morris hepatoma 7777 (n>/=7 per diet). The control diet was made isonitrogenous and isoenergetic by addition of a mixture of non-essential amino acids. After 14 days, peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes were isolated to determine cell phenotypes, macrophage cytostatic activity and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, as well as nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine production. Diet had no effect on tumour weight (1.6+/-0.2 g; n=59). However, rats fed OKG had increased macrophage cytostatic activity and NK cell cytotoxicity (P<0.05). Although enhanced killing ability by NK cells was associated with higher splenocyte NO production (P<0.04), increased cytotoxicity was not inhibited by a specific inhibitor of inducible NO synthase. The proportion of interleukin-2-receptor-positive T cells after stimulation increased in rats fed OKG (P<0.05); however, cytokine production was not affected by diet. None of OKG, Gln or Arg altered tumour growth compared with a control mixture of non-essential amino acids. These results suggest no net advantage for anti-cancer immunity, but do not preclude benefits in immune responses to disease recurrence or metastasis, therapy or secondary infection.
Relationship of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase to Schizophrenia and Its Correlates: Evidence for Associations and Complex Interactions (2007)

Converging lines of evidence suggest that the gene that codes for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) may play a role in the etiology, neurodevelopment, and expression of schizophrenia. Dopamine dysregulation has long been implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis, and COMT appears to play a role in dopamine functioning, especially in prefrontal cortex. Additionally, the COMT gene maps to the commonly deleted region on chromosome 22q11 in 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a disorder associated with a highly elevated risk for the development of psychosis. An amino acid polymorphism (Val158Met) in the COMT gene affects the activity level of COMT, which affects the levels of available catecholamines in the brain. Val158Met has been found to predict performance on dopamine-mediated prefrontal tasks in healthy adults and patients with schizophrenia. While association and linkage studies have failed to provide conclusive evidence of a strong link between COMT genotype and schizophrenia, evidence linking neural functioning and behavioral output has been somewhat more promising. The present work examines evidence for the role of COMT in schizophrenia pathogenesis, and associations between COMT and cognitive and behavioral correlates of schizophrenia and related disorders. Additionally, evidence for complex interactions involving COMT is examined, including the utility of haplotype analysis and evidence for gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interactions.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-Peptide Complexes Internalize Using a Clathrin- and Dynamin-independent Endocytosis Pathway (2008)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (MHC-II) function by binding antigenic peptides and displaying these peptides on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by peptide-MHC-II (pMHC-II)-specific CD4 T cells. It is known that cell surface MHC-II can internalize, exchange antigenic peptides in endosomes, and rapidly recycle back to the plasma membrane; however, the molecular machinery and trafficking pathways utilized by internalizing/recycling MHC-II have not been identified. We now demonstrate that unlike newly synthesized invariant chain-associated MHC-II, mature cell surface pMHC-II complexes internalize following clathrin-, AP-2-, and dynamin-independent endocytosis pathways. Immunofluorescence microscopy of MHC-II expressing HeLa-CIITA cells, human B cells, and human DCs revealed that pMHC enters Arf6(+)Rab35(+)EHD1(+) tubular endosomes following endocytosis. These data contrast the internalization pathways followed by newly synthesized and peptide-loaded MHC-II molecules and demonstrates that cell surface pMHC-II internalize and rapidly recycle from early endocytic compartments in tubular endosomes.
Specific Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling Evoked by Cholecystokinin and Acetylcholine: The Roles of NAADP, cADPR, and IP<sub>3</sub> (2001)

In order to control cell functions, hormones and neurotransmitters generate an amazing diversity of Ca2+ signals such as local and global Ca2+ elevations and also Ca2+ oscillations. In pancreatic acinar cells, cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates secretion of digestive enzyme and promotes cell growth, whereas acetylcholine (ACh) essentially triggers enzyme secretion. Pancreatic acinar cells are a classic model for the study of CCK- and ACh-evoked specific Ca2+ signals. In addition to inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3), recent studies have shown that cyclic ADPribose (cADPr) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) release Ca2+ in pancreatic acinar cells. Moreover, it has also been shown that both ACh and CCK trigger Ca2+ spikes by co-activation of IP3 and ryanodine receptors but by different means. ACh uses IP3 and Ca2+, whereas CCK uses cADPr and NAADP. In addition, CCK activates phospholipase A2 and D. The concept emerging from these studies is that agonist-specific Ca2+ signals in a single target cell are generated by combination of different intracellular messengers.