gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical study of extracellular matrix in acute galactosamine hepatitis in rats (1992)

A single injection of D-galactosamine hydrochloride induces acute self-limiting liver disease in rats that morphologically resembles drug-induced hepatitis in human beings. In this immunohistochemical study we examined the localization and expression of the hepatic extracellular matrix components fibronectin, laminin, collagen type I, collagen type III and collagen type IV and of the cell surface receptors (integrins) for fibronectin and laminin. Sections of liver tissue obtained at intervals of 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72 hr and 7 and 21 days after galactosamine administration were immunostained with a panel of polyclonal monospecific antibodies and studied independently by two of us. Fibronectin was the first extracellular matrix component found to be increased, 12 hr after galactosamine injection, followed by collagen type III, and, in a later phase, collagen type IV, type I and laminin. Increased deposition of extracellular matrix was found in areas with liver cell necrosis and along sinusoids. Extracellular matrix immunoreactivity reached a maximum at 36 to 48 hr and decreased thereafter to preinjury levels 3 wk after galactosamine. Immunostaining for the fibronectin and laminin receptors revealed tissue localization identical to that of their ligands. However, the intensity of staining was opposite of that for the extracellular matrix, with a decrease of immunoreactivity after 24 to 48 hr. The observed sequence of changes in hepatic extracellular matrix proteins after galactosamine injection resembles the repair reaction in other tissues and may reflect the particular function that each carries out during the process of liver healing after toxic injury.
Transient response of ohmic dielectric sphere to a suddenly applied DC electric field (1995)

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A Low Complexity Capacity-Greedy User Selection Scheme for Zero-Forcing Beamforming (2009)

We address the user selection scheme in multi-user wireless communication system, utilizing zero-forcing beamforming for spatial division multiple access. Recently, it has been shown that multi-user scheduling can help to achieve significant throughput gain in addition to the MIMO spatial multiplexing gain. And the capacity-greedy user selection algorithm can achieve near-optimal performance with much lower complexity compared with exhaustive search, due to reduced trial times of possible user combinations. However the computational complexity may be still too high for feasible applications, which depends on the system bandwidth, the number of active users and the number of antennas. In this paper, a novel capacity-greedy user selection scheme is proposed for the multi-user zero-forcing beamforming system, which involves low-complexity approximation for multi-user zero-forcing beamforming capacity. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme can reduce the computational complexity of user selection greatly, with slightly performance loss.
Transfer of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-10 in Patients with Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease of the Rectum (2000)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises the two disorders ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Although the etiology is still unclear, initiation and aggravation of the inflammatory processes seem to be due to a massive local mucosal immune response. An increased number of greatly activated macrophages seems to contribute to the onset of IBD by expressing upregulated costimulatory molecules (e.g., CD80/CD86) and a cytokine profile favouring a type I proinflammatory response. The release of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by naive T lymphocytes predominantly stimulates cytotoxic T lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells and increases the antigen-presenting potential of all these cell types. Opposite this proinflammatory immune reaction a compensatory type II antiinflammatory response has been suggested in the inflamed mucosa, involving mainly interleukin 4 and interleukin 10. Both cytokines are able to down-regulate inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 and favor a humoral immune response. The main goal of this clinical trial is the local liposome-mediated gene transfer of these two antiinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 4 and interleukin 10, in patients with severe IBD of the rectum. This local administration of antiinflammatory cytokines will avoid toxic systemic side effects, prevents blocking of the beneficial effects of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g., TNF-alpha in other tissue compartments and increases the local concentration of interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 over a prolonged period of time. The combined effects of IL-4 and IL-10 have been shown to shift the Th1/Th2 cell activation in favor of a Th2 immune response which seems to be essential for fighting against the inflammation and ultimative healing.
New South Wales Drug Court Evaluation: Interim Report on Health and Well-being of Participants (2001)

Despite the current popularity of drug courts, there have been few comprehensive evaluations of their effectiveness in reducing recidivism or in improving the health and well-being of participants. This bulletin reports on the health and well-being of offenders participating in the NSW Drug Court Trial using the SF-36 health questionnaire and the OTI social functioning scale. Two hundred and two NSW Drug Court participants were interviewed at program entry and 112 of these participants were re-interviewed after four months of participation on the program. The results showed that while NSW Drug Court participants were in significantly poorer health than the general Australian population prior to commencing the program, they were significantly healthier than a group seeking methadone maintenance treatment voluntarily. There were significant improvements for NSW Drug Court participants after four months on the program across all measures of health and well-being examined. At the four-month interview, participants were scoring within the normal range or higher on the measures relating more closely to physical health, but remained significantly impaired on several measures relating more closely to emotional well-being. The findings also indicated a high level of satisfaction with the program, with participant satisfaction being related to health and well-being at the four-month mark.
Identification of Plastics among Nonplastics in Mixed Waste by Remote Sensing Near-Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy. 2. Multivariate Image Rank Analysis for Rapid Classification (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of Plastics among Nonplastics in Mixed Waste by Remote Sensing Near-Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy. 2. Multivariate Image Rank Analysis for Rapid ClassificationD. Wienke, W. van den Broek, and L. BuydensCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 20, 3760–3766Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00116a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00116a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Bayesian Procedure in the Context of Sequential Mastery Testing (2000)

The purpose of this paper is to derive optimal rules for sequential mastery tests. In a sequential mastery test, the decision is to classify a subject as a master, a nonmaster, or continuing testing and administering another random item. The framework of Bayesian sequential decision theory is used; that is, optimal rules are obtained by minimizing the posterior expected losses associated with all possible decision rules at each stage of testing. The main advantage of this approach is that costs of testing can be taken explicitly into account. The binomial model is assumed for the probability of a correct response given the true level of functioning, whereas threshold loss is adopted for the loss function involved. The paper concludes with a simulation study, in which the Bayesian sequential strategy is compared with other procedures that exist for similar classification decision problems in the literature.
A 30 ns 256 Mb DRAM with multi-divided array structure (1993)

A 256-Mb DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) fabricated using 0.25- mu m CMOS technology is described. The DRAM has 16-b I/Os, 30-ns access time, and 35-mA operating current for 60-ns cycle time. Key circuits include a partial cell array activation scheme in a multidivided array structure with a dual word-line format for reducing power-line voltage bounce and operating current, a selective pull-up data-line architecture to increase I/O (input/output) width and to reduce current, and a time-sharing refresh to maintain a conventional refresh period without increasing power-line voltage bounce.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electron donor–acceptor properties of thin polymer films on silicon. II. Tetrafluoroethylene polymerized by RF glow discharge techniques (1976)

Abstract Metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) techniques were used to show that 86–210 nm thick plasma‐polymerized tetrafluoroethylene films on silicon stored only negative charge (electron acceptors). This property persisted at a reduced level when a 7 nm thick inner layer of hydrolyzed γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane was combined with an outer layer of plasma‐polymerized tetrafluoroethylene. The dispersion force contribution to the surface energy, γ d s , for the fluorocarbon films was found to be 6 mJ/m 2 (erg/cm 2 ) which is comparable with the lowest values found in the literature. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed a substantial content of CF 3 groups in the fluorocarbon films. This finding coupled with the reported effects of noncrystallinity, crosslinking, and branching on the surface energies of fluorocarbon systems were used to explain the low surface energy and electrophilicity of the plasma‐deposited poly(tetrafluoroethylene)s.
Malware classification based on API calls and behaviour analysis (2017)

This study presents the runtime behaviour‐based classification procedure for Windows malware. Runtime behaviours are extracted with a particular focus on the determination of a malicious sequence of application programming interface (API) calls in addition to the file, network and registry activities. Mining and searching n‐gram over API call sequences is introduced to discover episodes representing behaviour‐based features of a malware. Voting Experts algorithm is used to extract malicious API patterns over API calls. The classification model is built by applying online machine learning algorithms and compared with the baseline classifiers. The model is trained and tested with a fairly large set of 17,400 malware samples belonging to 60 distinct families and 532 benign samples. The malware classification accuracy is reached at 98%.
Calculating Damping from Ring-Down Using Hilbert Transform and Curve Fitting. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Development of Selective CBP/P300 Benzoxazepine Bromodomain Inhibitors (2016)

CBP (CREB (cAMP responsive element binding protein) binding protein (CREBBP)) and P300 (adenovirus E1A-associated 300 kDa protein) are two closely related histone acetyltransferases (HATs) that play a key role in the regulation of gene transcription. Both proteins contain a bromodomain flanking the HAT catalytic domain that is important for the targeting of CBP/P300 to chromatin and which offeres an opportunity for the development of protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Here we present the development of CBP/P300 bromodomain inhibitors with 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzoxazepine backbone, an N-acetyl-lysine mimetic scaffold that led to the recent development of the chemical probe I-CBP112. We present comprehensive SAR of this inhibitor class as well as demonstration of cellular on target activity of the most potent and selective inhibitor TPOP146, which showed 134 nM affinity for CBP with excellent selectivity over other bromodomains.
Activation of the NRF2 antioxidant program generates an imbalance in central carbon metabolism in cancer (2017)

During tumorigenesis, the high metabolic demand of cancer cells results in increased production of reactive oxygen species. To maintain oxidative homeostasis, tumor cells increase their antioxidant production through hyperactivation of the NRF2 pathway, which promotes tumor cell growth. Despite the extensive characterization of NRF2-driven metabolic rewiring, little is known about the metabolic liabilities generated by this reprogramming. Here, we show that activation of NRF2, in either mouse or human cancer cells, leads to increased dependency on exogenous glutamine through increased consumption of glutamate for glutathione synthesis and glutamate secretion by x<sub>c</sub><sup>-</sup> antiporter system. Together, this limits glutamate availability for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and other biosynthetic reactions creating a metabolic bottleneck. Cancers with genetic or pharmacological activation of the NRF2 antioxidant pathway have a metabolic imbalance between supporting increased antioxidant capacity over central carbon metabolism, which can be therapeutically exploited.
Evolving basis functions with dynamic receptive fields (2002)

Neural networks using radial basis functions (RBFs) are a popular representation for inducing classification schemes. However, RBF neural networks often require a large number of hidden units (basis functions) in order to adequately model the class distinctions. This is due to the static nature of each basis function. This paper uses an evolutionary program to induce dynamic basis functions whose receptive fields are dependent on the input vector. This technique requires only a single basis function per class to perform on par with RBF networks.
Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by electroporation (1989)

A method for introducing heterologous DNA into Saccharomyces cerevisiae rapidly and efficiently by electroporation was developed. Transformant colonies appeared somewhat sooner than by the LiCl or spheroplast transformation method, and the time spent in manipulation was much less than for these two methods. The pores in the cell membrane formed by the high voltage of electroporation were resealed within 6 to 7 min after electroporation. At a capacitance of 25 microF, the optimum voltage was 2.0 to 2.25 kV/cm. Log-phase cells concentrated to 10 to 20 units at an optical density of 600 nm in 200 microliters of fresh rich medium and electroporated at 2.25 kV/cm in the presence of 0.1 microgram of supercoiled plasmid DNA will yield 1,000 to 4,500 colonies per microgram of DNA.
Cyclic Voltammetry Studies of Sputtered Nitrogen Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Film Electrodes (2002)

The conductive nitrogen-doped diamond-like carbon film (N-DLC) of about 0.14 μm in thickness was deposited on highly conductive silicon wafer (111) with DC magnetron sputtering system. The electrochemical characteristics of the film have been studied with cyclic voltammetry (CV). The N-DLC film electrodes compare very favorably with conventional carbon based electrodes such as glassy carbon. The N-DLC film electrode exhibits a low double-layer capacitance, a large electrochemical potential window, and a relatively high electrochemical activity toward ferricyanide reduction. In addition, the electrode exhibits catalytic activity for Cl2/Cl− as well as durability to high anodic potential, and a high signal for the trace analysis of Pb2+. These characteristics demonstrate great promise of the N-DLC film as a novel electrode material for electrochemical analysis.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and infrared spectroscopy as combined in-situ probes of electrochemical adlayer structure: Cyanide on Pt(111) (1994)

The spatial structure of irreversibly adsorbed cyanide adlayers on a Pt(111) electrode is deduced by means of in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) combined with infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). The latter data suggests atop-like Pt-CN coordination. The STM images display a (2 sq rt of 3 x 2 sq rt of 3)R30 deg-7CN structure, with cyanides bound in symmetric atop sites surrounded by hexagonal clusters of CN, likely bound in near-atop sites. This arrangement, stable over the applied potential range -0.5 to 0 V vs SCE, gives way to a (2 x 2) structure and disordered adlayers at lower potentials. These findings are compared with previous structural information deduced from ex-situ electron diffraction.
Driving spectral resolution to the noise limit in semiconductor gamma detector arrays (2001)

Shape-time adjustment of a standard detector circuit improves the resolution of a single pixel of a detector array to the noise limit. The steady flow of gamma generated charge, in a detector bulk, induces fast signal build-up, as the charge arrives near a single pixel. The build-up period is shorter than the electron transition time from contact to contact. The circuit shape-time response is adjusted to overlap with the fast build-up period. The shape time determines a distance range, extending from the negative contact, where the detector signal does not depend on the position of photon absorption. The noise limited line width is consistent with published data of higher line resolution than predicted by the small pixel theory.
The Emerging Functions and Mechanisms of Mammalian Fatty Acid–Binding Proteins (2008)

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are abundant intracellular proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids with high affinity. Nine separate mammalian FABPs have been identified, and their tertiary structures are highly conserved. The FABPs have unique tissue-specific distributions that have long suggested functional differences among them. In the last decade, considerable progress has been made in understanding the specific functions of the FABPs and, in some cases, their mechanisms of action at the molecular level. The FABPs appear to be involved in the extranuclear compartments of the cell by trafficking their ligands within the cytosol via interactions with organelle membranes and specific proteins. Several members of the FABP family have been shown to function directly in the regulation of cognate nuclear transcription factor activity via ligand-dependent translocation to the nucleus. This review will focus on these emerging functions and mechanisms of the FABPs, highlighting the unique functional properties of each as well as the similarities among them.
Low-Toxicity/High-Efficacy HLA Haploidentical Transplantation for Elderly/Unfit Patients with Acute Leukemia (2017)

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation is the most powerful therapy for patients with acute leukemia at high risk of relapse. For HLA haploidentical transplantation, we recently applied a protocol consisting of a high-intensity TBI-based conditioning regimen and a peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell graft combined with the adoptive transfer of naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Tregs) and conventional T cells (Tcons). No post-transplant pharmacologic immune suppressive GvHD prophylaxis was given. Such a protocol was associated with remarkably low GvHD and relapse rates (Martelli MF et al., Blood. 124:638-644, 2014; reviewed in Mancusi A et al., Blood 128:2616-2623, 2016). However, patients who are unfit (because of multiple chemotherapy cycles, previous transplants, infections, or co-morbidities) or elderly are not expected to withstand high-intensity conditioning regimens. For these patients, we developed a reduced-toxicity version based on total marrow and total lymphoid irradiation (TMI/TLI) (Rosenthal J et al., Blood. 2011;117:309-315). TMI/TLI (13.5 Gy and 11.5 Gy respectively) were administered by means of Helical Tomotherapy HI-ART (in 9 fractions delivered two times a day in 4 and a half days). Target volumes were defined as the skeletal bone and major lymph node chains and spleen. In patients with ALL the brain was added as target volume. TMI/TLI was followed by chemotherapy with Thiotepa (2,5mg/kg/day for 2 days), Fludarabine (30 mg/m2/day for 5 days) and Cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg/day for 2 days). As per our high-intensity protocol, the hematopoietic stem cell graft was foregone by an infusion of 2x10e6/Kg freshly isolated CD4/CD25/FOXP3-positive Tregs and a subsequent infusion of 1x10e6 Tcons. No post-transplant pharmacologic immune suppressive GvHD prophylaxis was given. To date 19 patients with high-risk acute leukemia in remission were enrolled (16 AML, 3 ALL). Median age was 57 years (range: 22-68). All patients engrafted. Four patients developed aGvHD grade ≥ 2. Transplant-related mortality was 21% (2 patients died of infections, 1 of VOD and 1 of aGvHD). Remarkably, no relapse or cGvHD were observed. With a median follow up of 12 months (range: 1-24), 15 of the 19 patients are alive. Thus, leukemia/cGvHD-free survival is 79%. Of course, these data need to be confirmed in a larger cohort of patients and with longer follow up. In conclusion, the present transplantation protocol was designed to make HLA haploidentical transplantation feasible and effective for unfit or elderly patients with high-risk leukemia. It combines a reduced-toxicity conditioning regimen with safe cellular immunotherapy of leukemia. To date, the clinical results are excellent and extremely encouraging. Download : Download high-res image (68KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Pharmacological and molecular targets in the search for novel antipsychotics (2000)

The recent enthusiasm among clinicians for the so-called 'atypical antipsychotics' has both improved treatment for schizophrenic patients and provided a welcome stimulus for basic research on antipsychotic mechanisms. Even the newer drugs have shortcomings, and research is underway aimed at identifying novel agents with greater efficacy and safety. Much of this effort is directed towards compounds which, in addition to blocking dopamine receptors, also act on other neurotransmitter receptors such as 5-HT2, 5-HT1A and alpha2-adrenergic receptors. However, there is also a large amount of scientific activity seeking to discover and develop selective dopamine receptor subtype antagonists (including compounds which specifically block D3 or D4 receptors) or drugs that specifically target the dopamine autoreceptor. Finally, a number of drug development programmes are searching for non-dopaminergic antipsychotics. Drugs that do not have affinity for dopamine receptors but act through neurotensin, sigma or cannabinoid CB1 receptors or glutamatergic mechanisms are currently being evaluated. If any of these agents prove to have clinical efficacy this may lead to a third generation of antipsychotics. It is likely, however, that the mechanisms of action of such drugs will nevertheless imply the intimate involvement of dopaminergic pathways.