gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of monoclonal anti-gp70 antibodies to mimic the effects of the Rfv-3 gene in mice with Friend virus-induced leukemia. (1983)

During the course of progressive Friend virus-induced leukemia in Rfv-3r/s mice, antiviral antibody caused a marked reduction in the frequency of leukemic spleen cells releasing infectious virus. We investigated the mechanism of this antibody-induced alteration of leukemia cell phenotype in a series of passive transfer experiments using monoclonal antiviral antibodies. Our results indicated that two IgG2a anti-gp70 cytotoxic antibodies could reduce the frequency of virus-producing cells within the leukemic spleen as well as maintain the virus-nonproducing phenotype once it was established. IgG2a and IgG2b monoclonal anti-p 15 antibodies, IgM, and IgA anti-gp70 antibodies, and an IgG3 anti-p 15(E) antibody were not effective. The mechanism of this phenotypic alteration appeared to involve an antibody-mediated cytostasis of virus-producing leukemia cells with the subsequent over-growth of virus-nonproducing cells. The maintenance of the virus-nonproducing phenotype was dependent on the presence of anti-gp70 antibodies capable of neutralizing and clearing infectious F-MuLV in vivo. The presence of these neutralizing antibodies appeared to prevent reinfection of virus-nonproducing cells and therefore interfered with reversion to the virus-producing phenotype.
Pepsin-catalysed transpeptidation of the amino-transfer type (1959)

The progressive loss of activity of the enzyme pre- parations during dialysis suggested that some cofactor was being removed from the enzyme by the treatment. This was tested by adding a concentrate of the diffusate to the enzyme preparations, but no reactivation of the enzyme preparations was obtained. This suggests that, if loss of activity of the enzymes is due to a loss of a cofactor, then this cofactor must be labile under the conditions of dialysis and subsequent concentration of the aqueous diffusate.
Surface Reactivity, Cytotoxic, and Morphological Transforming Effects of Diatomaceous Earth Products in Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells (2006)

In order to evaluate the effect of thermal treatments on the surface reactivity and carcinogenic potential of diatomaceous earth (DE) products, the physicochemical features of some specimens--derived by heating the same original material--were compared with their cytotoxic and transforming potency. The samples were an untreated DE (amorphous) progressively heated in the laboratory at 900 degrees C (DE 900) and 1200 degrees C (DE 1200) and a commercial product manufactured from the same DE (Chd) from which the finer fraction (< 10-microm diameter) was separated (Chd-F). Quartz (Min-U-Sil 5) and a vitreous silica (amorphous) smoothed up with hydrofluoric acid and were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. All samples were analyzed for their degree of crystallization, for their ability to release free radicals and reactive oxygen species, and for their cytotoxic and transforming potencies in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. X-ray diffractometry showed that DE 900, like DE, was still amorphous, whereas DE 1200 as well as the commercial product (Chd) were partially crystallized into cristobalite. The ability of the dust to release hydroxyl (*OH) radicals in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, as revealed by the spin-trapping technique, was as follows: Chd-F, DE 1200 > Chd > DE 900 > DE, suggesting that on heating, the surface acquires a higher potential for free radical release. Most of the silica samples generated COO* radicals from the formate ion, following homolytic rupture of the carbon-hydrogen bond, in the presence of ascorbic acid. A concentration-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and colony-forming efficiency was observed in SHE cultures treated with Chd-F, Chd, and DE. Heating abolished DE cytotoxicity but conferred a transforming ability to thermal treated particles. DE was the only sample that did not induce morphological transformation of cells. According to their transformation capacity, the samples were classified as follows: Chd-F > Chd, DE 1200 > DE 900 >> DE. Taken together, the reported results suggest that (1) the transforming potential of a biogenic amorphous silica is related to the thermal treatment that transforms the original structure in cristobalite and generates surface active sites; (2) the reactivity of samples in releasing *OH radicals correlates to their transforming ability; (3) the finer fraction of the commercial product is significantly more toxic and transforming than the coarse dust; and (4) opposite to silica dusts of mineral origin, which loose both cytotoxicity and transforming ability upon heating, heated diatomite acquires a cell-transforming potency. DE products should be thus considered a set apart of silica-based potentially toxic materials.
An instantaneous active and reactive current component method for active filters (2000)

A shunt active filter based on the instantaneous active and reactive current component i/sub d/-i/sub q/ method is proposed. This new control method aims to compensate harmonics and first harmonic unbalance. To evaluate its relative performance, it is compared with the instantaneous active and reactive power p-q method under various mains voltage conditions and for different harmonic injection high-pass filters. Both methods are completely frequency-independent, however under distorted mains voltages the proposed method presents a better harmonic compensation performance. The system synthesis and implementation are performed. Simulation and experimental results are presented.
Impact of Event Scale: psychometric properties (2002)

The IES is a useful measure of stress reactions after a range of traumatic events, and it is valuable for detecting individuals who require treatment.
Transparent Polymeric Cell Culture Chip with Integrated Temperature Control and Uniform Media Perfusion (2006)

Modern microfabrication and microfluidic technologies offer new opportunities in the design and fabrication of miniaturized cell culture systems for online monitoring of living cells. We used laser micromachining and thermal bonding to fabricate an optically transparent, low-cost polymeric chip for long-term online cell culture observation under controlled conditions. The chip incorporated a microfluidic flow equalization system, assuring uniform perfusion of the cell culture media throughout the cell culture chamber. The integrated indium-tin-oxide heater and miniature temperature probe linked to an electronic feedback system created steady and spatially uniform thermal conditions with minimal interference to the optical transparency of the chip. The fluidic and thermal performance of the chip was verified by finite element modeling and by operation tests under fluctuating ambient temperature conditions. HeLa cells were cultured for up to 2 weeks within the cell culture chip and monitored using a time-lapse video recording microscopy setup. Cell attachment and spreading was observed during the first 10-20 h (lag phase). After approximately 20 h, cell growth gained exponential character with an estimated doubling time of about 32 h, which is identical to the observed doubling time of cells grown in standard cell culture flasks in a CO2 incubator.
Dietary galactooligosaccharides affect ileal and total-tract nutrient digestibility, ileal and fecal bacterial concentrations, and ileal fermentative characteristics of growing pigs1 (2003)

The objective of this study was to evaluate dietary galactooligosaccharide (Gal OS) addition on swine nutrient digestibility, ileal and fecal bacterial populations, and ileal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and to determine their impact on ileal fermentative characteristics in vitro. Twelve T-cannulated pigs (BW = 25 kg) were fed a diet free of Gal OS for 21 d. On d 22, ileal digesta samples were collected for an in vitro fermentation experiment (Exp. 1). Substrates included: raffinose/stachyose combination (R + S), soy solubles (SS), and transgalactooligosaccharides (TOS). Also included were the non-OS components of SS and TOS. Nine pigs (three donors per treatment) served as ileal effluent donors. Each substrate was fermented in vitro for 6 h, and pH and SCFA and gas production were determined. Pigs then were allotted to three treatments: a Gal OS-free control diet and the control diet with either 3.5% added Gal OS from SS or TOS. Diets, feces, and digesta samples collected weekly for 6 wk on d 6 (feces) and 7 (digesta) were analyzed for DM, OM, CP, and chromic oxide concentrations. Feces and ileal digesta were analyzed for bifidobacteria and lactobacilli populations. Ileal digesta samples were analyzed for SCFA. On d 64, a second in vitro fermentation experiment (Exp. 2) was conducted using ileal effluent from three pigs per treatment and the same substrates used in Exp. 1. In vivo results showed that ileal and total tract DM and OM digestion were decreased (P < 0.05) by addition of both SS and TOS to the diet. Ileal and total-tract N digestibilities were decreased (P < 0.05) by dietary addition of SS. Fecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were increased (P < 0.05) by addition of SS and TOS to the diet. Ileal propionate and butyrate concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed diets containing both sources of Gal OS. In vitro results showed that fermentation data were not affected by donor animal adaptation to treatment. For both in vitro experiments, gas and SCFA production were higher (P < 0.05) for R + S than for SS or TOS. Fermentation of R + S resulted in a higher pH (P < 0.05) than did SS or TOS. Fermentation of non-OS components of SS and TOS resulted in more (P < 0.05) gas and SCFA production, and pH values that did not differ (P > 0.05) compared to SS and TOS. The Gal OS used in this study were prebiotics, increasing beneficial bacteria in vivo and SCFA concentrations both in vivo and in vitro.
Learning the Topological Properties of Brain Tumors (2005)

This work presents a graph-based representation (a.k.a., cell-graph) of histopathological images for automated cancer diagnosis by probabilistically assigning a link between a pair of cells (or cell clusters). Since the node set of a cell-graph can include a cluster of cells as well as individual ones, it enables working with low-cost, low-magnification photomicrographs. The contributions of this work are twofold. First, it is shown that without establishing a pairwise spatial relation between the cells (i.e., the edges of a cell-graph), neither the spatial distribution of the cells nor the texture analysis of the images yields accurate results for tissue level diagnosis of brain cancer called malignant glioma. Second, this work defines a set of global metrics by processing the entire cell-graph to capture tissue level information coded into the histopathological images. In this work, the results are obtained on the photomicrographs of 646 archival brain biopsy samples of 60 different patients. It is shown that the global metrics of cell-graphs distinguish cancerous tissues from noncancerous ones with high accuracy (at least 99 percent accuracy for healthy tissues with lower cellular density level, and at least 92 percent accuracy for benign tissues with similar high cellular density level such as nonneoplastic reactive/inflammatory conditions).
Mucus viscoelasticity and mucociliary transport rate. (1978)

The aim of this research was to define in quantitative terms the relationship between the viscoelastic properties of mucus and the velocity at which it can be transported by a ciliated mucosa. To this effect, tests were performed on frog palates with normal beating cilia which were washed free of endogenous mucus. Experimental sputum samples encompassing a wide range of viscoelastic properties were applied to the palates, and their transport velocity was measured under a dissecting microscope. The results indicated that the fastest transport, per palate, was achieved by sputa whose Newtonian viscosity and linear elastic modulus fell within the range of 1,000 to 3,000 poises and 10 to 25 dynes/cm2, respectively. The transport velocity decreased when the sputum viscoelasticity was above or below this optimal range. The latter condition is of particular importance since it indicates that marked fluidification may hinder rather than promote mucus clearance.
Copper‐Free Azide–Alkyne Cycloadditions: New Insights and Perspectives (2008)

Clicking without copper: Copper-mediated azide–alkyne “click” cycloadditions (CuAAC) play a central role in contemporary synthetic chemistry but rely on transition-metal catalysts, which hamper their adoption in some biological applications. Recently, the strain-promoted and fluorine-activated cycloaddition of cyclooctynes and organic azides (see picture) was proposed as an interesting metal-free alternative to CuAAC.
PMU Placement in Electric Transmission Networks for Reliable State Estimation Against False Data Injection Attacks (2017)

Currently the false data injection (FDI) attack bring direct challenges in synchronized phase measurement unit (PMU) based network state estimation in wide-area measurement system, resulting in degraded system reliability and power supply security. This paper assesses the performance of state estimation in electric cyber-physical system paradigm considering the presence of FDI attacks. The adverse impact on network state estimation is evaluated through simulations for a range of FDI attack scenarios using IEEE 14-bus network model. In addition, an algorithmic solution is proposed to address the issue of additional PMU installation and placement with cyber security consideration and evaluated for a set of standard electric transmission networks (IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, and 57-bus network). The numerical result confirms that the FDI attack can significantly degrade the state estimation and the cyber security can be improved by an appropriate placement of a limited number of additional PMUs.
Using bilingual dictionaries (1987)

Monolingual dictionaries for foreign-language learners tend to be unquestioningly regarded as better than bilingual dictionaries. In this article, I discuss whether this is in fact true. Monolingual dictionaries have serious disadvantages in many language-teaching situations: in particular, learners will often not know which word to look up; and, even when they do, the definitions in the foreign language may not help them very much. I argue that bilingual dictionaries are potentially more efficient and more motivating sources of information for language learners. However, new kinds of bilingual dictionaries are needed, and I outline the features that they should have.
Induction of bradykinin B<sub>1</sub> receptors <i>in vivo</i> in a model of ultra‐violet irradiation‐induced thermal hyperalgesia in the rat (1993)

1. The role of bradykinin B1 receptors in the thermal hyperalgesia following unilateral ultra-violet (u.v.) irradiation of the hindpaw of rats has been investigated. 2. In non-irradiated (naive) animals the B1 receptor agonist des-Arg9-bradykinin and bradykinin (BK) (up to 1 mumol kg-1 i.v.) had no effect on withdrawal latency to a noxious heat stimulus when administered 60 min before testing. 3. Following exposure of one hindpaw to strong u.v. irradiation the withdrawal latency of the u.v.-treated paw to radiant noxious heat fell by a maximum of 50% after 48 h. There was no reduction in latency in the contralateral paw. 4. des-Arg9-BK (1-100 nmol kg-1 i.v.) administered 24 h after u.v. exposure caused a further dose-dependent fall (50 +/- 4% reduction from saline injected animals at 100 nmol kg-1 i.v.) in withdrawal latency in the u.v.-treated paw when measured 60 min after injection. The withdrawal latency of the contralateral paw was also reduced but to a lesser extent following des-Arg9-BK (100 nmol kg-1 i.v.) with a maximum reduction of 19 +/- 3%. 5. Bradykinin also induced a further reduction in withdrawal latency (33 +/- 5% reduction at 1 mumol kg-1) although it was not as effective as des-Arg9-BK. Bradykinin did not reduce the withdrawal latency in the contralateral paw. 6. The hyperalgesic action of both des-Arg9-BK (10 nmol kg-1 i.v.) and bradykinin (100 nmol kg-1 i.v.)were antagonized by the B, receptor antagonist, des-Arg9,Leu8-BK (200 nmol kg-1 i.v.) but not by the B2 receptor antagonist, HOE 140 (0.5 .micromol kg-1 i.v.).7. The results suggest that in conditions of inflammatory hyperalgesia bradykinin B1 receptors are induced both locally and distant to the inflamed area, activation of which leads to further thermal hyperalgesia. In addition, in these conditions bradykinin appears to act predominantly via B1 receptors,presumably after degradation to des-Arg9-BK.
Enzyme Multilayer-Modified Porous Membranes as Biocatalysts (2004)

Porous polycarbonate (PC) membranes with pore diameters of either 400 or 100 nm were used as supports for the layer-by-layer deposition of peroxidase-poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) complexes [(POD-PSS)C] and oppositely charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) to prepare high-surface-area thin films for biocatalysis. Formation of the multilayer films was verified by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy following dissolution of the porous PC template to generate POD/polyelectrolyte (PE) tubes. An average thickness of ~5 nm was calculated for each (POD-PSS)C/PAH bilayer, as determined from microscopy images. The activity of the POD/PE multilayer films was found to be dependent on the amount of enzyme in the film (which is determined by the number of (POD-PSS)C layers deposited) and the total membrane surface area. Films deposited on the PC membranes with 100-nm-diameter pores showed maximum bioactivity at five (POD-PSS)C layers. Beyond this layer number the total membrane activity decreased sharply, which is attributed to membrane pore blockage. Films deposited on PC membranes with pore diameters of 400 nm showed regularly increasing bioactivity up to seven (POD-PSS)C layers, with a plateau in activity observed thereafter. Activity enhancements of up to almost an order of magnitude larger were observed for the enzyme films deposited on the PC membranes (e.g., 100-nm pore diameter membranes with 4% porosity), compared with identical films formed on nonporous supports (e.g., quartz slides) with the same geometrical area. The reported method for the preparation of membrane-supported biocatalysts provides a viable approach for the generation of high-enzyme-content thin films with tailored bioactivity.
Characterization and localization of human placental ferritin (1979)

Ferritin has been purified from normal full-term human placentae and its antigenic and molecular characteristics compared with adult liver ferritin. Placental ferritin is composed predominantly of a single subunit type, co-migrating with a liver ferritin standard on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Comparison of dose-response curves in an immunoradiometric assay indicated some tissue-specific antigenicity for placental ferritin. This was supported by immunofluorescence studies on cryostat sections of human placentae by using antibodies to placental and spleen ferritin. Specific staining for placental ferritin was demonstrated within placental syncytiotrophoblast, particularly localized towards the microvillus plasma membrane. Ferritin has also been shown by electrophoretic and antigenic analysis to be present in protein fractions solubilized from isolated human syncytiotrophoblast microvillus plasma-membrane preparations, suggesting that ferritin may play an active role in the transfer of iron from maternal transferrin across the syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane.
Mobilising earth first! In Britain (1999)

In 1991 Earth First!, a radical green network inspired initially by the US movement of the same name, mobilised in the UK and has since acted as a catalyst for direct action anti‐road campaigns at sites including Twyford Down in Hampshire and the Mil in East London. Structural factors, both political and economic, have aided its emergence but structural influences ‘do not march in the streets’ or determine the nature of collective action; instead they provide opportunities that must be consciously exploited by key activists or political entrepreneurs. The creation of the anti roads movement of the 1990s is a clear example of how cultural resources may be invoked to activate existing green networks so as to resource accelerated mobilisation.
Aberrant Promoter Methylation of<i>DLEC1</i>, a Critical 3p22 Tumor Suppressor for Renal Cell Carcinoma, is Associated With More Advanced Tumor Stage (2010)

To our knowledge we report for the first time that DLEC1 is often down-regulated by CpG methylation and shows tumor inhibitory function in renal cell carcinoma cells, indicating its role as a tumor suppressor. DLEC1 tumor specific methylation may serve as a biomarker for early detection and prognosis prediction of this tumor.
Device Certification System and Method for User's Convenient Contents Use (2007)

A various terminal technology developed becoming ubiquitous society. In this paper, it is thing about device certification system and device certification method. This method is that user can use contents offering about holding many devices through registration of once in preceding descriptions many devices more detail. Therefore, because this invention achieves registration process of once without each registration process about many device that user holds, there is effect that contents use is convenient simplifying certification formality being in contents use.
Nivolumab for Newly Diagnosed Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: Safety and Efficacy in the Phase II CheckMate 205 Study (2019)

Nivolumab followed by N-AVD was associated with promising efficacy and safety profiles for newly diagnosed, advanced-stage cHL.
Acute abdomen of spontaneous bladder perforation. (1999)

Intraperitoneal rupture of bladder in absence of trauma is extremely uncommon and usually associated with outlet obstruction or primary bladder-wall disease. The following case report illustrates the common mode of presentation but it is unusual in absence of an established etiology.
A Novel 3D Graphical Password Schema (2006)

In this paper, we propose and evaluate our contribution which is a new scheme of authentication. This scheme is based on a virtual three-dimensional environment. Users navigate through the virtual environment and interact with items inside the virtual three-dimensional environment. The combination of all interactions, actions and inputs towards the items and towards the virtual three-dimensional environment constructs the user's 3D password. The 3D password combines most existing authentication schemes such as textual passwords, graphical passwords, and biometrics into one virtual three-dimensional environment. The 3D password's main application is the protection of critical resources and systems