gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drag reduction over a low reynolds number cavity surface (2012)

A butterfly uses an efficient and complex flight mechanism comprised of multiple interacting flow control devices that include flexible, micro-geometrically surface patterned, scaled wings. The following research ascertains if any aerodynamic advantages arise from the formation of vortices in between successive rows of scales on a butterfly wing. The computational model consists of an embedded cavity within a Couette flow with the flat plate moving transversally over the cavity. The effects of cavity geometry and Reynolds number are analyzed separately. The model is simulated in ANSYS FLUENT and provides qualitative insight into the interaction between the scales and the boundary layer. Preliminary results indicate that vortices form within the cavity and contribute to a net partial slip condition. Further, the embedded cavities contribute to a net reduction in the drag coefficient that varies with Reynolds number and cavity geometry. (Published By University of Alabama Libraries)
Siebbespannung für die Pressenpartie - VACOFLEX (1989)

On presente les caracteristiques de ce nouveau materiau, son utilisation dans differentes configurations de presses humides et les performances de deshydratation obtenues
Trafficking of the human transferrin receptor in plant cells: effects of tyrphostin A23 and brefeldin  A (2006)

Plant cells possess much of the molecular machinery necessary for receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), but this process still awaits detailed characterization. In order to identify a reliable and well-characterized marker to investigate RME in plant cells, we have expressed the human transferrin receptor (hTfR) in Arabidopsis protoplasts. We have found that hTfR is mainly found in endosomal (Ara7- and FM4-64-positive) compartments, but also at the plasma membrane, where it mediates binding and internalization of its natural ligand transferrin (Tfn). Cell surface expression of hTfR increases upon treatment with tyrphostin A23, which inhibits the interaction between the YTRF endocytosis signal in the hTfR cytosolic tail and the mu2-subunit of the AP2 complex. Indeed, tyrphostin A23 inhibits Tfn internalization and redistributes most of hTfR to the plasma membrane, suggesting that the endocytosis signal of hTfR is functional in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments show that hTfR is able to interact with a mu-adaptin subunit from Arabidopsis cytosol, a process that is blocked by tyrphostin A23. In contrast, treatment with brefeldin A, which inhibits recycling from endosomes back to the plasma membrane in plant cells, leads to the accumulation of Tfn and hTfR in larger patches inside the cell, reminiscent of BFA compartments. Therefore, hTfR has the same trafficking properties in Arabidopsis protoplasts as in animal cells, and cycles between the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments. The specific inhibition of Tfn/hTfR internalization and recycling by tyrphostin A23 and BFA, respectively, thus provide valuable molecular tools to characterize RME and the recycling pathway in plant cells.
The World Health Organization Recommended TB Diagnostic Tools (2018)

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. TB has further been exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB and extensively drug-resistant TB. In 2015, approximately 1.4 million people and 400,000 who were HIV-negative and HIV-positive, respectively, died of TB. There were 10.4 million new cases with active TB of which 2.4 million were HIV co-infected and 480,000 new cases with MDR-TB. Conclusions: TB is a multifaceted disease and there is no one size fits all test for its diagnosis. In the 22 high TB burden countries (HTBBC), which harbour 80% of global TB, sputum smear microscopy with its low detection rate remains the most commonly used diagnostic test for pulmonary TB. Culture, the gold standard for TB diagnosis, the molecular-based tests for both rapid diagnosis and detection of drug resistant TB because of the requirement for specialized laboratories and trained personnel as well as other costs is not routinely used in most HTBBC. An accurate, affordable, point-of-care TB test, with no requirement for electricity, specialized laboratory, easily performed by healthcare personnel is what is urgently needed for TB control.
Direct measurement of polymer temperature during laser ablation using a molecular thermometer (1992)

Photothermal laser ablation is studied using poly-(methyl methacrylate) films doped with a dye, IR-165, which functions as a molecular heater and thermometer. Direct optical measurements of temperature are performed on samples heated by 100 ns near-IR pulses at 1.064 μm, at rates dT/dt≊5×109 deg/s. Below ablation threshold, the heat capacity measured by optical calorimetry is precisely the value obtained by conventional calorimetry. At ablation threshold, the peak surface temperature is Tabl=600 °C. The increase in heat capacity observed above threshold, together with the results of a conventional thermal analysis, is used to determine the weight fraction of material decomposed at ablation time χth=0.02. With increasing pulse energy, the fraction decomposed increases and a more forceful ablation is observed, but the surface temperature does not continue to increase past Tlim=715 °C, which is determined to be the limiting temperature for thermal decomposition.
Photochemical generation of the optoacoustic effect (1990)

Research in this period has focussed on the description of the photoacoustic effect generated by small bodies, (or particles) irradiated by short pulse laser radiation. In particular, the effects of the discontinuity in acoustic properties at the interface of the body and its surrounding medium are considered. Calculations were carried out to determine the temporal profile of the photoacoustic waves generated by fluid spheres, cylinders, and layers. Similar calculations were done for a one dimensional Beer's law absorption of radiation. We find that time domain expressions for the photoacoustic waveforms can be expressed in terms of Fourier transform integrals. The temporal profiles of the waveforms depend on the geometry and dimensions of the particle and the sound speed and density ratios between the irradiated particle and its surrounding fluid. Experiments where a Nd:YAG laser irradiates a particle and the ultrasonic wave is detected by a fast polyvinlyidiene fluoride transducer show that the theoretical model is essentially correct in predicting the important features of the waveforms. Additional experiments are reported where an interference effect is observed, and the influence of optical pumping on the electron beam ionization of Na is determined.
Statistical Analysis Of Medical Appointments Using Decision Tree (2019)

A prior work involves the exploratory data analysis of the 100k medical appointments in Brazil and is focused on the question of whether or not patients show up for their appointment. By applying the data wrangling techniques to inspect the dimensions of the dataset and to confirm the format and type of data and decide on the type of analysis we will conduct. Missing/Duplicated/Incorrect, and the Data Validation will also be done on the entire data set, overall appointment show-up vs. no show-up rate. The proportions of the different categories within each variable and the show-up rates broken down by category. The appointments where patients didn't show up, what is percentage of recurring patients vs. new patients will also be evaluated. For each pair of variables, calculate the proportions of category combinations to identify the largest group of patients who didn't show-up. A step-by-step process will be provided to explain how this step will be performed. The purpose of this analysis is to serve as a starting point of identifying the factors that may be contributing to the patients missing their appointments.
In Situ Synthesis of Graphene with Telecommunication Lasers for Nonlinear Optical Devices (2015)

Despite auspicious optical properties of graphene, particularly its ability to absorb light over a broad wavelength range, incorporating presynthesized graphene in optical system by recognized transfer methods has critical drawbacks of introducing impurities and damaging the graphene film which can affect the performance of optical system. Here a transfer‐free, in situ synthesis of multilayered graphene is demonstrated directly onto single‐mode optical fiber end facet and polished surface of D‐shaped fiber by interfacial growth process in ambient condition. Conventional telecommunication lasers operating at ≈1550 nm band are employed to provide the activation energy for carbon atoms to diffuse, precipitate through Ni‐catalyst layer, and form the graphene crystals at the interface of metal catalyst and optical fiber. The in situ grown graphene on optical fiber acts as saturable absorber in the fiber laser ring cavity to generate ultrafast optical pulses by mode‐locking technique. The formation and the quality of the resulting multilayered graphene are confirmed by precision analysis tools. The synthesized graphene has the sp 2 ‐bond shares of 75.8% and it shows nonlinear optical absorption property with the modulation depth of 7%, guaranteeing passive mode‐locking of fiber laser operating in femtosecond scale.
Interleukin-8, interleukin-6, and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I release from a human pulmonary epithelial cell line (A549) exposed to respiratory syncytial virus. (1994)

The release of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the soluble forms of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNF-R) from human pulmonary type II-like epithelial cells (A549) after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was analysed. RSV infection alone induced a time- and RSV dose-dependent IL-8 and IL-6 release from A549 cells. Furthermore, the soluble form of the TNF-RI was also secreted in a time- and RSV dose-dependent fashion. The soluble TNF-RII was not detected in the cell supernatant of infected epithelial cells. The effect of various cytokines [IL-1 alpha/beta, TNF-alpha/beta, IL-3, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2)] and colony-stimulating factors [granulocyte (G)-CSF; granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF] on the IL-8 release from A549 cells was also studied. Our data show that the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha/beta and TNF-alpha/beta induced an IL-8 release in non-infected A549 cells, and increased the IL-8 release of RSV-infected A549 cells synergistically. In addition, IL-3, G-CSF, IFN-gamma and TGF-beta 2, albeit at high concentrations, induced a low IL-8 release from non-infected A549 cells. The enhanced IL-8 secretion rates were accompanied with elevated cytoplasmic IL-8 mRNA steady state levels, as was shown by Northern blot analysis. Cellular co-culture experiments performed with A549 cells and polymorphonuclear granulocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed that increased IL-8 amounts were secreted in the co-culture of non-infected as well as RSV-infected cells. The present study suggests a central role for the airway epithelium during RSV infection with regard to cytokine and cytokine receptor release, resulting in a recruitment and activation of inflammatory and immune effector cells. Our data also suggest that paracrine cytokine networks and cell-cell contact are involved in the regulation of IL-8 secretion within the microenvironment of the bronchial epithelium.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Benzylzincation of Alkynes<sup /> (2010)

Synthesis of polysubstituted al­kenes with defined stereochemistry can be a challenge using standard olefination reactions. Transition-metal-catalyzed carbometalation of alkynes has become an alternative strategy to access these important building blocks (see Review ­below). The authors add to this field by coupling benzylzinc nucleophiles and alkynes under cobalt catalysis. This reaction proceeds in moderate to good yields with high stereoselectivity during the syn-addition. The regioselectivity of the transformation is highly dependent on the structure of the alkyne.
O potrzebie wizualizacji wiedzy w naukach o kulturze (2014)

Do niedawna jeszcze w centrum zainteresowania nauki i filozofii pozostawal jezyk. W świecie początkow XXI wieku, zwanym informacjonalizmem, nastepuje zwrot ku obrazom. Spoleczenstwo informacyjne produkuje ogromne ilości zdjec, filmow, animacji i cyfrowych tekstow. Te nowe zbiory danych określa sie jako big data . Do ich badania niezbedne są nowe metody. Stare, przystosowane do interpretacji tekstow, okazują sie bowiem zawodne. W związku z tym zrodzila sie humanistyka cyfrowa, ktora proponuje nowe narzedzia do obrobki i interpretacji big data . Podstawową metodą staje sie wizualizacja. Wizualizacja wystepuje w kilku odmianach. Najcześciej tworzy sie infografiki, animacje trojwymiarowe oraz cyfrowe filmy. Wyniki badan rowniez zaczyna sie przedstawiac za pomocą obrazow. Od początku istnienia praktyki naukowej podstawowym środkiem komunikacji rezultatow dzialan poznawczych bylo pismo. Pod wplywem nowych technologii ICT badacze coraz cześciej komunikują swoje badania w postaci wizualnej – począwszy od prezentacji, poprzez strony internetowe, a skonczywszy na specjalnych aplikacjach umozliwiających kreacje multimedialnych materialow. Wszystkie one noszą miano cyfrowych opowieści, czyli digital storytelling .
Crystalline Si Heterojunction Solar Cells with the Double Heterostructure of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Oxide (2009)

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiO:H) layers have been applied to fabricate crystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunction solar cells. The a-SiO:H/c-Si double heterostructure (DH) solar cell shows a notable increase in short-circuit current, compared with the single heterostructure solar cell, owing to suppression of carrier recombination at the solar-cell back surface. Nevertheless, the characteristics of the DH solar cells are found to deteriorate sharply with decreasing c-Si substrate thickness, and the solar cell efficiency decreases from 17.5% (300 µm) to 12.1% (54 µm). In this article, the effect of c-Si substrate thickness on the performance of DH solar cells is discussed.
An Overview of Investigations on Gel Fuels for Ramjet Applications (2005)

Gel fuels are interesting candidates for ramjet propulsion systems due to their performance, safety and handling benefits. The addition of metal particles such as aluminum or boron offers the possibility to increase the flight performances due to their high volumetric energy content. On the other hand, in comparison to typically used Newtonian liquid fuels, significant differences in flow, atomization and combustion behavior exist. The paper presents a survey of various studies on main aspects of gel propulsion, i.e. rheology, sedimentation, flow properties, spray behavior, single droplet combustion and spray combustion and concentrates in investigations conducted by the research groups of the authors.
The role of transmit diversity on wireless communications-reverse link analysis with partial feedback (2002)

Transmit diversity through multiple transmit antennas is generally regarded as beneficial to the link-level performance. In this paper, we shall investigate the role of transmit diversity with respect to the link level and the system-level performance. We focus on the reverse link analysis, where mobile users are assumed to have independent fading, and they are equipped with multiple transmit antennas (n/sub T/). Each mobile station is assumed to have an average power constraint. The base station is assumed to have n/sub R/ receive antennas. We consider two levels of partial feedback, namely, scalar feedback and per-antenna vector feedback. In both cases, the transmitter does not have full knowledge of the channel matrix. Based on the information theoretical analytical model, it is shown that transmit diversity could enhance link-level performance, but is harmful to the multiuser system performance when there is insufficient feedback information.
Gene expression profiling in single cells from the pancreatic islets of Langerhans reveals lognormal distribution of mRNA levels (2005)

The transcriptional machinery in individual cells is controlled by a relatively small number of molecules, which may result in stochastic behavior in gene activity. Because of technical limitations in current collection and recording methods, most gene expression measurements are carried out on populations of cells and therefore reflect average mRNA levels. The variability of the transcript levels between different cells remains undefined, although it may have profound effects on cellular activities. Here we have measured gene expression levels of the five genes ActB, Ins1, Ins2, Abcc8, and Kcnj11 in individual cells from mouse pancreatic islets. Whereas Ins1 and Ins2 expression show a strong cell-cell correlation, this is not the case for the other genes. We further found that the transcript levels of the different genes are lognormally distributed. Hence, the geometric mean of expression levels provides a better estimate of gene activity of the typical cell than does the arithmetic mean measured on a cell population.
<title>Properties of optically smooth diamond thin films produced by ECR-PACVD</title> (1992)

Optically smooth diamond films were deposited on Al and Si substrates by the ECR-PACVD method. The films on Al were grown on relatively low temperatures and pressures from CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH/H<SUB>2</SUB>O and were found to have highly defective nanocrystalline structure. The films on c-Si were grown at higher temperatures and pressures from CH<SUB>4</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB> and were found to consist of highly oriented (100) faceted crystals. The optical constants of the diamond films on c-Si are similar to those of natural diamond.
Integrated Pest Management of Citrus Mealybug (2004)

Foliar-applied insecticides and the soil-applied insecticide, Admire, were evaluated for their ability to control citrus mealybug on lemons while having a minimal impact on parasitoids. All of the foliar-applied insecticide exhibited activity towards citrus mealybug. The standard insecticide, Lorsban, performed very well, but since this product is especially harmful to parasitoids it is not considered to have a good fit in IPM programs where parasitoid conservation is emphasized. The currently labeled alternative, Applaud, was an effective treatment and should be considered for citrus mealybug control to avoid destruction of parasitoids. Several experimental insecticides showed promise: NNI-850, NNI-750C and NNI-010. However, NNI-0101 at the lower rate of 0.24 lbs-ai/ac appeared to be weak. The addition of narrow range crop oil, NR-415 at 1.0 gal/ac, appeared to be beneficial for initial mealybug knock-down, especially for the slower acting insecticides such as Applaud. Soil injection of Admire at 16 and 32 oz/ac appeared to have very good activity, but due to variability in the mealybug population, more data should be collected to confirm this finding.
Safety Study of Wire Strike Devices Installed on Civil and Military Helicopters (2008)

Wire strike accidents involving United States military and civil helicopters for the period 1994-2004 were analyzed using military and the National Transportation Safety Board databases. The objective of the research was to conduct a study on wire strike accidents of civil and military helicopters between 1994 and 2004 to establish trends, assess the potential of existing technology for reducing wire strike accidents, and to recommend solutions that could substantially reduce the number of wire strike accidents. Trends in accidents were established for both military and civil wire strike accidents. The age group and experience profiles of the pilots involved in civil helicopter wire strike accidents were found to be similar to those found in an earlier study. Devices available for warning pilots about the proximity of wires are described and their relative merits assessed. Recommendations are made for reducing the number of helicopter wire strike accidents.
Isolation and structure of spatol, a potent inhibitor of cell replication from the brown seaweed Spatoglossum schmittii (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and structure of spatol, a potent inhibitor of cell replication from the brown seaweed Spatoglossum schmittiiWilliam H. Gerwick, William Fenical, Donna Van Engen, and Jon ClardyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 27, 7991–7993Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00547a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00547a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views295Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, characterization and magnetism of monodispersed water soluble palladium nanoparticles (2008)

Water soluble, monodispersed Pd nanoparticles with a narrow particle size distribution have been successfully synthesized by controlled reduction of [PdCl4]2−. The resulting aqueous colloids are stable over extended periods of time and can be prepared at high nanoparticle loading (20 g/L of Pd) with no agglomeration. The size of the nanoparticles can be reduced from the nanometer (ca. 3.5 nm) to the sub-nanometer size range (ca. 0.9 nm). Detailed magnetic characterization indicated that the larger, 3.5 nm nanoparticles show ferromagnetic properties at room temperature, while the sub-nanometric ones lose this magnetic behavior.
β Subunit Heterogeneity in Neuronal L-type Ca2+Channels (1997)

Heterologous expression studies have shown that the activity of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is regulated by their beta subunits in a beta subunit isoform-specific manner. In this study we therefore investigated if one or several beta subunit isoforms associate with L-type Ca2+ channels in different regions of mammalian brain. All four beta subunit isoforms (beta1b, beta2, beta3, and beta4) are expressed in cerebral cortex as shown in immunoblots. Immunoprecipitation of (+)-[3H]isradipine-labeled L-type channels revealed that the majority of beta subunit-associated L-type channels was associated with beta3 (42 +/- 8%) and beta4 (42 +/- 7%) subunits, whereas beta1b and beta2 were present in a smaller fraction of channel complexes. beta3 and beta4 were also the major L-type channel beta subunits in hippocampus. In cerebellum beta1b, beta2, and beta3 but not beta4 subunits were expressed at lower levels than in cortex. Accordingly, beta4 was the most prominent beta subunit in cerebellar L-type channels. This beta subunit composition was very similar to the one determined for 125I-omega-conotoxin-GVIA-labeled N-type and 125I-omega-conotoxin-MVIIC-labeled P/Q-type channel complexes in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Our data show that all four beta subunit isoforms associate with L-type Ca2+ channels in mammalian brain. This beta subunit heterogeneity may play an important role for the fine tuning of L-type channel function and modulation in neurons.