gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Strategies Using Antibody Combinations to Increase Cancer Treatment Effectiveness (2017)

Antibodies have proven their high value in antitumor therapy over the last two decades. They are currently being used as the first-choice to treat some of the most frequent metastatic cancers, like HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancers or colorectal cancers, currently treated with trastuzumab (Herceptin) and bevacizumab (Avastin), respectively. The impressive therapeutic success of antibodies inhibiting immune checkpoints has extended the use of therapeutic antibodies to previously unanticipated tumor types. These anti-immune checkpoint antibodies allowed the cure of patients devoid of other therapeutic options, through the recovery of the patient's own immune response against the tumor. In this review, we describe how the antibody-based therapies will evolve, including the use of antibodies in combinations, their main characteristics, advantages, and how they could contribute to significantly increase the chances of success in cancer therapy. Indeed, novel combinations will consist of mixtures of antibodies against either different epitopes of the same molecule or different targets on the same tumor cell; bispecific or multispecific antibodies able of simultaneously binding tumor cells, immune cells or extracellular molecules; immunomodulatory antibodies; antibody-based molecules, including fusion proteins between a ligand or a receptor domain and the IgG Fab or Fc fragments; autologous or heterologous cells; and different formats of vaccines. Through complementary mechanisms of action, these combinations could contribute to elude the current limitations of a single antibody which recognizes only one particular epitope. These combinations may allow the simultaneous attack of the cancer cells by using the help of the own immune cells and exerting wider therapeutic effects, based on a more specific, fast, and robust response, trying to mimic the action of the immune system.
A Unified Approach to Content-Based and Fault-Tolerant Music Recognition (2004)

In this paper, we propose a unified approach to fast index-based music recognition. As an important area within the field of music information retrieval (MIR), the goal of music recognition is, given a database of musical pieces and a query document, to locate all occurrences of that document within the database, up to certain possible errors. In particular, the identification of the query with regard to the database becomes possible. The approach presented in this paper is based on a general algorithmic framework for searching complex patterns of objects in large databases. We describe how this approach may be applied to two important music recognition tasks: The polyphonic (musical score-based) search in polyphonic score data and the identification of pulse-code modulation audio material from a given acoustic waveform. We give an overview on the various aspects of our technology including fault-tolerant search methods. Several areas of application are suggested. We describe several prototypic systems we have developed for those applications including the notify! and the audentify! systems for score- and waveform-based music recognition, respectively.
Research on power electronic switch system used in the auto-passing neutral section with electric load (2011)

This paper introduces a new technology for electric locomotive passing neutral section, which uses power electronic switch. The electrical character of the system is analyzed, and it proves that the dead time is limited in 30ms. Train could run through the neutral section with load. No over-voltages in the system because the switching angle is controllable. Simulation and prototyping system are implemented.
The apoptosis linked gene ALG‐2 is dysregulated in tumors of various origin and contributes to cancer cell viability (2007)

The apoptosis linked gene-2 (ALG-2), discovered as a proapoptotic calcium binding protein, has recently been found upregulated in lung cancer tissue indicating that this protein may play a role in the pathology of cancer cells and/or may be a tumor marker. Using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays we analysed the expression of ALG-2 in 7371 tumor tissue samples of various origin as well as in 749 normal tissue samples. Most notably, ALG-2 was upregulated in mesenchymal tumors. No correlation was found between ALG-2 staining intensity and survival of patients with lung, breast or colon cancer. siRNA mediated ALG-2 downregulation led to a significant reduction in viability of HeLa cells indicating that ALG-2 may contribute to tumor development and expansion.
A simple method to fabricate electrochemical sensor systems with predictable high-redox cycling amplification (2012)

In this paper an easy to fabricate SU8/glass-based microfluidic sensor is described with two closely spaced parallel electrodes for highly selective measurements using the redox cycling effect. By varying the length of the microfluidic entrance channel, a diffusion barrier is created for non-cycling species effectively increasing selectivity for redox cycling species. Using this sensor, a redox cycling amplification of ∼6500× is measured using the ferrocyanide redox couple. Moreover, a simple, but accurate analytical expression is derived that predicts the amplification factor based on the sensor geometry.
Synthesis of 3-Aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one Derivatives via Gold-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclopropanation of <i>N</i>-Allylynamides (2013)

N-allylynamides with various functional groups and different substitution patterns can be converted into 3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one derivatives in moderate to high yield using IMesAuCl/AgBF4 as the catalyst and pyridine N-oxide as the oxidant. A noncarbene mediated approach is proposed as the mechanism.
Introduction: Intrauterine growth retardation--identification of research needs and goals. (1984)

Abstract The reports of the workgroups clearly emphasized the need for increased research to define more critically and effectively those intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting fetal growth at every level. Intrauterine growth retardation is not a singular or isolated developmental problem, but one which requiries a basic understanding of human and animal biology. The wide range of environmental and genetic factors which influence fetal growth may act directly to affect molecular and cell biology, or through systemic physiology. More comprehensive and effective epidemiologic data are needed to identify and stratify different environmental and genetic causes of IUGR. There is a profound need for information relating IUGR and its management to infant outcome. We must differentiate infants with IUGR resulting from normal fetal adaptation to stresses such as deprived nutritional environment from those infants stressed to the point of disability and permanent insult to brain and other organ systems. There is a need to measure functional outcome at many levels and to discriminate normal adaptation during pregnancy from insult. While research involving any human pregnancy must be done without risk or with only minimal risk according to established guidelines, it is clear that improving our ability to insure normal pregnancy and fetal outcome will require careful and controlled testing in humans. Prohibition of safe research during pregnancy will severely limit our abilities to develop new therapies that ultimately will reduce human disability and suffering in this as in other areas of maternal and child health. The conferees reaffirmed that a normal newborn is our direct link with the next generation and is certainly the most important resource in our society.
Aneuploidy Predicts Outcome in Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma and Is Related to Lack of <i>CDH13</i> Hypermethylation (2008)

These results suggest that analysis of DNA ploidy and methylation status of CDH13 may help predict clinical outcome in patients with endometrial cancer. Prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm the validity of an individualized approach, including determination of tumor ploidy and methylation status of CDH13, to management of endometrial cancer patients.
Experimental Investigation of a Large-Scale Low-Boom Inlet Concept (2011)

A large-scale low-boom inlet concept was tested in the NASA Glenn Research Center 8- x 6- foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel. The purpose of this test was to assess inlet performance, stability and operability at various Mach numbers and angles of attack. During this effort, two models were tested: a dual stream inlet designed to mimic potential aircraft flight hardware integrating a high-flow bypass stream; and a single stream inlet designed to study a configuration with a zero-degree external cowl angle and to permit surface visualization of the vortex generator flow on the internal centerbody surface. During the course of the test, the low-boom inlet concept was demonstrated to have high recovery, excellent buzz margin, and high operability. This paper will provide an overview of the setup, show a brief comparison of the dual stream and single stream inlet results, and examine the dual stream inlet characteristics.
Imbalance of p75NTR/TrkB protein expression in Huntington’s disease: implication for neuroprotective therapies (2013)

Neuroprotective therapies based on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) administration have been proposed for Huntington's disease (HD) treatment. However, our group has recently reported reduced levels of TrkB in HD mouse models and HD human brain suggesting that besides a decrease on BDNF levels a reduction of TrkB expression could also contribute to diminished neurotrophic support in HD. BDNF can also bind to p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) modulating TrkB signaling. Therefore, in this study we have analyzed the levels of p75(NTR) in several HD models, as well as in HD human brain. Our data demonstrates a p75(NTR)/TrkB imbalance in the striatum of two different HD mouse models, Hdh(Q111/111) homozygous knockin mice and R6/1 mice that was also manifested in the putamen of HD patients. The imbalance between TrkB and p75(NTR) levels in a HD cellular model did not affect BDNF-mediated TrkB activation of prosurvival pathways but induced activation of apoptotic cascades as demonstrated by increased JNK phosphorylation. Moreover, BDNF failed to protect mutant huntingtin striatal cells transfected with p75(NTR) against NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity, which was associated with decreased Akt phosphorylation. Interestingly, lack of Akt activation following BDNF and NMDA treatment correlated with increased PP1 levels. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of PP1 by okadaic acid (OA) prevented mutant huntingtin striatal cell death induced by NMDA and BDNF. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that the p75(NTR)/TrkB imbalance induced by mutant huntingtin in striatal cells associated with the aberrant activity of PP1 disturbs BDNF neuroprotection likely contributing to increasing striatal vulnerability in HD. On the basis of this data we hypothesize that normalization of p75(NTR) and/or TrkB expression or their signaling will improve BDNF neuroprotective therapies in HD.
Two-Channel Relay Feedback Method under Static Disturbances (2006)

We propose a two-channel relay feedback method in order to guarantee a prespecified phase angle of the estimated model under a large input disturbance of which the magnitude is possibly bigger than the magnitude of the relay. The proposed method uses the conventional relay followed by two channels, a proportional channel and an integrator plus relay channel. The ratio of the two gains of the two channels specifies the phase angle of the estimated model. We do not need to define deviation variables initially before we apply the proposed relay feedback method, which is very attractive from a practical point of view.
Mutation Screening of 299 Spanish Families with Retinal Dystrophies by Leber Congenital Amaurosis Genotyping Microarray (2007)

CRB1 is the main gene responsible for LCA in the Spanish population. Sequence changes p.Asp1114Gly (RPGRIP1), p.Pro701Ser (GUCY2D), and p.Tyr134Phe (AIPL1) were found at similar frequencies in patients and control subjects. The authors therefore suggest that these changes be considered as polymorphism or modifier alleles, rather than as disease-causing mutations. The LCA microarray is a quick and reasonably low-cost first step in the molecular diagnosis of LCA. The diagnosis should be completed by conventional laboratory analysis as a second step. This stepwise proceeding permits detection of novel disease-causing mutations and identification of cases involving potential digenism/triallelism. Previous accurate ophthalmic diagnosis was found to be indispensable.
Potential Antidepressants Displayed Combined α<sub>2</sub>-Adrenoceptor Antagonist and Monoamine Uptake Inhibitor Properties (2001)

Classical antidepressants are thought to act by raising monoamine (serotonin and noradrenaline) levels in the brain. This action is generally accomplished either by inhibition of monoamine metabolism (MAO inhibitors) or by blockade of monoamine uptake (tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin or noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors). However, all such agents suffer from a time lag (3--6 weeks) before robust clinical efficacy can be demonstrated. This delay may reflect inhibitory actions of noradrenaline at presynaptic alpha(2A)-adrenergic auto- or heteroreceptors which gradually down-regulate upon prolonged exposure. Blockade of presynaptic alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors by an antagonist endowed with monoamine uptake inhibition properties could lead to new antidepressants with greater efficacy and a shorter time lag. In the literature, only two molecules have been described with such a pharmacological profile. Of these, napamezole (2) was chosen as a point of departure for the design of 4(5)-[(3,4-dihydro-2-naphthalenyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazole (4a), which displayed the desired profile: alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor antagonist properties and serotonin/noradrenaline uptake inhibition. From this original molecule, a series of derivatives was designed and synthesized, encompassing substituted as well as rigid analogues. Structure-activity relationships permitted the selection of 14c (4(5)-[(5-fluoroindan-2-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazole) as a development candidate.
SWIM: scalable weakly-consistent infection-style process group membership protocol (2003)

Several distributed peer-to-peer applications require weakly-consistent knowledge of process group membership information at all participating processes. SWIM is a generic software module that offers this service for large scale process groups. The SWIM effort is motivated by the unscalability of traditional heart-beating protocols, which either impose network loads that grow quadratically with group size, or compromise response times or false positive frequency w.r.t. detecting process crashes. This paper reports on the design, implementation and performance of the SWIM sub-system on a large cluster of commodity PCs. Unlike traditional heart beating protocols, SWIM separates the failure detection and membership update dissemination functionalities of the membership protocol. Processes are monitored through an efficient peer-to-peer periodic randomized probing protocol. Both the expected time to first detection of each process failure, and the expected message load per member do not vary with group size. Information about membership changes, such as process joins, drop-outs and failures, is propagated via piggybacking on ping messages and acknowledgments. This results in a robust and fast infection style (also epidemic or gossip-style) of dissemination. The rate of false failure detections in the SWIM system is reduced by modifying the protocol to allow group members to suspect a process before declaring it as failed - this allows the system to discover and rectify false failure detections. Finally, the protocol guarantees a deterministic time bound to detect failures. Experimental results from the SWIM prototype are presented. We discuss the extensibility of the design to a WAN-wide scale.
An endoscopic grasper with corrugated plate-shaped tactile sensors (2009)

One of the major weaknesses in current endoscopic surgery is the lack of tactile feedback.This paper reports on the design, finite element modeling, and experimental testing of a corrugated tactile sensor.The sensor, a miniaturized and modified form of our previously developed tactile sensor, consists of a 75 µm plate-shaped silicon layer and a 25 µm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film, patterned on both sides using photolithographic techniques to form three independent sensing elements.The sensor is 15 mm long, 7.5 mm wide, and approximately 3 mm thick, which could make it versatile enough for integration with current endoscopic and medical robotics manipulators.The silicon layer is micromachined in such a way that a U-channel is formed.When a force is applied on the tactile sensor, output voltages from the patterned PVDF-sensing elements are combined to obtain tactile information.Results show that the sensor exhibits high sensitivity and can measure small dynamic loads, comparable to a human pulse, as well as large grasping forces.In addition to measuring the magnitude and position of the applied load, the sensor can determine the modulus of elasticity of the grasped object.
Comparative analysis of optical biometers (2016)

Dr. Findl is a scientific advisor to Carl Zeiss Meditec AG. None of the other authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
MARCKS Regulates Growth and Radiation Sensitivity and Is a Novel Prognostic Factor for Glioma (2012)

MARCKS levels impact GBM growth and radiation sensitivity. High MARCKS expressing GBM tumors are associated with improved survival, particularly with unmethylated MGMT promoters. These findings suggest the use of MARCKS as a novel target and biomarker for prognosis in the proneural subtype of GBM.
F-spondin is a contact-repellent molecule for embryonic motor neurons (2001)

The floor plate plays a key role in patterning axonal trajectory in the embryonic spinal cord by providing both long-range and local guidance cues that promote or inhibit axonal growth toward and across the ventral midline of the spinal cord, thus acting as an intermediate target for a number of crossing (commissural) and noncrossing (motor) axons. F-spondin, a secreted adhesion molecule expressed in the embryonic floor plate and the caudal somite of birds, plays a dual role in patterning the nervous system. It promotes adhesion and outgrowth of commissural axons and inhibits adhesion of neural crest cells. In the current study, we demonstrate that outgrowth of embryonic motor axons also is inhibited by F-spondin protein in a contact-repulsion fashion. Three independent lines of evidence support our hypothesis: substrate-attached F-spondin inhibits outgrowth of dissociated motor neurons in an outgrowth assay; F-spondin elicits acute growth cone collapse when applied to cultured motor neurons; and challenging ventral spinal cord explants with aggregates of HEK 293 cells expressing F-spondin, causes contact-repulsion of motor neurites. Structural-functional studies demonstrate that the processed carboxyl-half protein that contains the thrombospondin type 1 repeats is more prominent in inhibiting outgrowth, suggesting that the processing of F-spondin is important for enhancing its inhibitory activity.
Encapsulation of enzymes in silica nanocapsules formed by an amphiphilic precursor polymer in water (2014)

In this work we report a fully aqueous and highly efficient method for the encapsulation of enzymes in silica nanocapsules during their formation process. In this approach, enzymes are first enclosed into unilamellar vesicles self-assembled by an amphiphilic precursor polymer - poly(ethylene glycol) substituted hyperbranched polyethoxysiloxane (PEG-PEOS) - in water. After subsequent condensation under basic conditions enzyme-loaded silica nanocapsules are obtained. Due to the significant volume shrinkage during the PEG-PEOS conversion, the encapsulation efficiency is very high, i.e. by adding only 5 wt% PEG-PEOS almost 50% of the enzyme from the solution is encapsulated. As compared with the free enzyme, the protease encapsulated by this means preserves almost 40% of its activity, exhibits significantly enhanced stability against the change of environmental conditions, and can be repeatedly regenerated without a significant activity loss.
REVIEWS (1994)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Armenia and the Bible. Papers Presented to the International Symposium held at Herdelberg, July 16—19, 1990. Edited by CHRISTOPH BURCHARD. Pp. x³251. (University of Pennsylvania Armenian Texts and Studies.) Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992. ISBN 155540 597 5. $49.95. ROBERT W. THOMSON ROBERT W. THOMSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 45, Issue 1, April 1994, Pages 357–359, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/45.1.357 Published: 01 April 1994
Doing Today's Work Superbly Well — Treating Ebola with Current Tools (2014)

It's possible to save many patients who have Ebola virus disease, since supportive care is also specific care for EVD and in all likelihood reduces mortality. Yet many patients in West Africa continue to die for lack of the opportunity to receive such basic care.
4W X-band high efficiency MMIC PA with output harmonic injection (2014)

This paper demonstrates a MMIC GaN X-band PA designed to have improved efficiency by second harmonic power injection at the output that helps shape the time-domain waveforms across the drain. The MMIC contains a class-AB PA with a nominal 4-W (36 dBm) output power at 10GHz and a small-signal gain of 14dB. The best results with harmonic injection were measured at 10.6 GHz with 3.5W (35.44 dBm) of output, showing an increase in drain efficiency from 48.5% without injection to 70% when 26.2 dBm was injected at 21.2 GHz. In order to maximize the total efficiency, which includes the efficiency of the injection circuit, a second harmonic efficient amplifier is integrated in the same GaN MMIC. The 20-GHz PA needs to provide a power on the order of P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</inf> − 10dB, and is measured to output 27dBm with 8dB gain and PAE=59%. The relationship between the total efficiency and injector efficiency is derived and shows that the total efficiency is not appreciably affected by the injector efficiency if a second-harmonic amplifier with a gain greater than 6–7dB and with a PAE > 40% is employed.
Atomic Force Microscope for Large Size Sample (2nd Report, 0.1nm Resolution and 25mm-area Scanning) (2006)

We have developed a new AFM (Atomic force microscopy) for semiconductor device evaluation with high resolution of 0.1 nm and wide-area measuring function to 25 mm area using two scanning mechanisms, a piezoelectric XY scanner of 10 im stroke combined with an on-axis optical microscope and an ultra-flat XY stage of 200 mm stroke moving on a reference plane with a static pressure guide or a contact friction guide switched to non-pressure. We demonstrated three operations, high-resolution mode with the piezoelectric scanner on the friction guide condition, middle-area mode from 5μm to 1mm area with the static pressure guide and 25mm wide-area mode with the friction guide. Finally, an atomic step of 0.3 nm height, CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) samples with 2-10 mm measurement area and the flatness accuracy of 30 nm/25 mm were measured in one AFM.