gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OPTICAL FLUOR‐CROWN GLASSES* (1944)

A bstract The effect of variations in composition on optical properties was studied. The index of refraction is lowered by the substitution of fluorine and alumina for silica; the reciprocal dispersion, however, is increased by fluorine and lowered by alumina so that fluorine and alumina can be balanced against each other to give almost any desired optical properties within the field investigated, that is, in the range of 1.46 to 1.50 for index of refraction and 63 to 70 for the reciprocal dispersion.
Frequent Alterations in the Expression of Serine/Threonine Kinases in Human Cancers (2006)

Protein kinases constitute a large family of regulatory enzymes involved in the homeostasis of virtually every cellular process. Subversion of protein kinases has been frequently implicated in malignant transformation. Within the family, serine/threonine kinases (STK) have received comparatively lesser attention, vis-a-vis tyrosine kinases, in terms of their involvement in human cancers. Here, we report a large-scale screening of 125 STK, selected to represent all major subgroups within the subfamily, on nine different types of tumors ( approximately 200 patients), by using in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays. Twenty-one STK displayed altered levels of transcripts in tumors, frequently with a clear tumor type-specific dimension. We identified three patterns of alterations in tumors: (a) overexpression in the absence of expression in the normal tissues (10 kinases), (b) overexpression in the presence of expression by normal tissues (8 kinases), and (c) underexpression (3 kinases). Selected members of the three classes were subjected to in-depth analysis on larger case collections and showed significant correlations between their altered expression and biological and/or clinical variables. Our findings suggest that alteration in the expression of STK is a relatively frequent occurrence in human tumors. Among the overexpressed kinases, 10 were undetectable in normal controls and are therefore ideal candidates for further validation as potential targets of molecular cancer therapy.
Challenges Associated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy for Metastatic Thyroid Cancer (2011)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) which target angiogenesis are promising treatments for patients with metastatic medullary and differentiated thyroid cancers. Sorafenib, sunitinib, and pazopanib are commercially available drugs which have been studied in these diseases. Vandetanib is the first drug approved in the United States for treatment of medullary thyroid cancer. These TKIs are used as chronic therapies, and therefore it is imperative to understand the adverse event profile in order to avoid excessive toxicity and maintain patients on therapy as long as it proves beneficial. Here we review common toxicities, management of these, and other challenging situations that arise when using TKIs in patients with thyroid cancer.
Optimization of Motion Control in High-Speed Servo Press Line (2010)

Honda Engineering Co., Ltd. developed an innovative servo press line that achieves the world’s highest level of productivity in producing deep-drawn automotive body panels. The innovative press production system was made so that the press forming conditions and panel transfer motions are adjusted to the dies very accurately for each part to be produced. The servo press line is planned to be expanded to Honda’s production plants on a global scale while allowing further evolution.
Mobile TDM/TDMA system with active array antenna (2002)

A multicarrier time-division multiple-access (TDMA) system is proposed for future mobile satellite communications systems that include a multisatellite system. This TDMA system uses an active array antenna in which the digital beamforming technique is adopted to control the antenna beam direction. The antenna beamforming is carried out at the baseband frequency by using digital signal processing. In the proposed system, TDM/TDMA with a time-division duplex technique is adopted for the satellite link between the mobile earth station and the HUB station in order to remove the diplexer from each mobile antenna element.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Scorpion Venom: Detriments and Benefits (2020)

Scorpion venom may cause severe medical complications and untimely death if injected into the human body. Neurotoxins are the main components of scorpion venom that are known to be responsible for the pathological manifestations of envenoming. Besides neurotoxins, a wide range of other bioactive molecules can be found in scorpion venoms. Advances in separation, characterization, and biotechnological approaches have enabled not only the development of more effective treatments against scorpion envenomings, but have also led to the discovery of several scorpion venom peptides with interesting therapeutic properties. Thus, scorpion venom may not only be a medical threat to human health, but could prove to be a valuable source of bioactive molecules that may serve as leads for the development of new therapies against current and emerging diseases. This review presents both the detrimental and beneficial properties of scorpion venom toxins and discusses the newest advances within the development of novel therapies against scorpion envenoming and the therapeutic perspectives for scorpion toxins in drug discovery.
Continuously moving table MRI with SENSE: Application in peripheral contrast enhanced MR angiography (2005)

An integration of SENSitivity Encoding (SENSE) with continuously moving table (CMT) MRI for extended field-of-view (FOV) acquisitions is described. In this work, the approach in which receiver coils are attached to the object and move in synchrony with the scanner table is considered. Technical issues dealing with the implementation of SENSE-CMT are addressed, including coil calibration, correction for non-uniform magnetic gradients, and specific reconstruction steps. An explanation of combining SENSE with gradient non-linearity correction is given, as the latter becomes necessary in CMT acquisitions where a large sampling FOV is used. It is hypothesized that SENSE can provide at least a 2-fold improvement in lateral spatial resolution compared to non-accelerated CMT acquisitions. The hypothesis is tested in phantoms, where the effectiveness of both SENSE and gradient non-linearity correction to improve spatial resolution is shown. The SENSE-CMT technique is further demonstrated in vivo with contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the peripheral vasculature.
Tough and super-resilient hydrogels synthesized by using peroxidized polymer chains as polyfunctional initiating and cross-linking centers (2013)

Developing tough hydrogels with excellent resilience is important for their practical applications. We report a facile strategy for synthesizing tough and super-resilient hydrogels by using peroxidized macromolecules as polyfunctional initiating and cross-linking centers (PFICC). Peroxy groups are first introduced onto poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) chains by the irradiation method, and then the peroxidized PVP is used as PFICC to initiate in situ grafting polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) molecules. The resultant hydrogels made with different monomer concentrations exhibit very high compressive strengths (up to 20 MPa at 95% strain), high tensile strengths (up to 0.38 MPa), high elongations (up to 2800%), and a very good elastic recovery property. When a very small amount of a chemical cross-linker N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) is added, although the tensile strengths and the elongations of the gels decrease, the compressive strengths and the moduli of the gels increase; more impressively, the gels exhibit an excellent elastic recovery property, as indicated by the extremely low hysteresis ratios (<0.03) and negligible stress relaxation.
Oxidative stability of high‐fatty acid rice bran oil at different stages of refining (1994)

Abstract The contents of natural antioxidants and the oxidative stability of rice bran oils at different refining steps were determined. Tocopherols and oryzanols were constant in crude and degummed oils but decreased in alkali‐refined, bleached and deodorized oils. The process of degumming, alkali‐refining, bleaching and deodorization removed 34% of the tocopherols and 51% of the oryzanols. During storage of deodorized oil for 7 wk, 34% of the tocopherols and 19% of the oryzanols were lost. The maximum weight gain, peroxide value and anisidine value were obtained from alkali‐refined oil during storage. The order of oxidation stability was crude ≥ degummed > bleached = deodorized > alkali‐refined oil.
Stabilization of a soluble, native-like trimeric form of an efficiently cleaved Indian HIV-1 clade C envelope glycoprotein (2017)

Designing an effective HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) immunogen for elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is a challenging task because of the high sequence diversity, heavy glycosylation, and inherent meta-stability of Env. Based on the antigenic profile of recently isolated bNAbs, the rational approach to immunogen design is to make a stable version of the Env trimer, which mimics the native trimeric Env present on the viral surface. The SOSIP.664 form of a clade A Env, BG505, yields a homogeneous and well ordered prefusion trimeric form, which maintains structural integrity and desired antigenicity. Following the same approach, we attempted to stabilize a naturally occurring efficiently cleaved clade C Env, namely 4-2.J41, isolated from an Indian patient. Although the SOSIP form of 4-2.J41 failed to produce reasonably well ordered trimers, the 4-2.J41.SOSIP.664 Env could be stabilized in a native-like trimeric form by swapping a domain from BG505 Env to 4-2.J41 Env. Using various biochemical and biophysical means we confirmed that this engineered Env is cleaved, trimeric, and it retains its native-like quaternary conformation exposing mostly broadly neutralizing epitopes. Moreover, introduction of a disulfide bond in the bridging sheet region further stabilized the closed conformation of the Env. Thus, our 4-2.J41.SOSIP.664 Env adds to the increasing pool of potential immunogens for a HIV-1 vaccine, particularly for clade C, which is the most prevalent in India and many other countries. Besides, the approach used to stabilize the 4-2.J41 Env may be used successfully with Envs from other HIV-1 strains as well. Additionally, a soluble native trimeric form of an efficiently cleaved membrane-bound Env, 4-2.J41, may be beneficial for immunization studies using various prime-boost strategies.
Intestinal Lamina Propria Retaining CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Is A Suppressive Site of Intestinal Inflammation (2007)

It is well known that immune responses in the intestine remain in a state of controlled inflammation, suggesting that not only does active suppression by regulatory T (T(REG)) cells play an important role in the normal intestinal homeostasis, but also that its dysregulation of immune response leads to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we demonstrate that murine CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells residing in the intestinal lamina propria (LP) constitutively express CTLA-4, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR, and Foxp3 and suppress proliferation of responder CD4(+) T cells in vitro. Furthermore, cotransfer of intestinal LP CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells prevents the development of chronic colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells into SCID mice. When lymphotoxin (LT)alpha-deficient intercrossed Rag2 double knockout mice (LTalpha(-/-) x Rag2(-/-)), which lack mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, are transferred with CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells, they develop severe wasting disease and chronic colitis despite the delayed kinetics as compared with the control LTalpha(+/+) x Rag2(-/-) mice transferred with CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells. Of note, when a mixture of splenic CD4(+)CD25(+) T(REG) cells and CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells are transferred into LTalpha(-/-) x Rag2(-/-) recipients, CD4(+)CD25(+) T(REG) cells migrate into the colon and prevent the development of colitis in LTalpha(-/-) x Rag2(-/-) recipients as well as in the control LTalpha(+/+) x Rag2(-/-) recipients. These results suggest that the intestinal LP harboring CD4(+)CD25(+) T(REG) cells contributes to the intestinal immune suppression.
High speed nano-metrology (2011)

For manufacturing at the nanometre scale a method for rapid and accurate measurement of the resultant functional devices is required. Although atomic force microscopy (AFM) has the requisite spatial resolution, it is severely limited in scan speed, the resolution and repeatability of vertical and lateral measurements being degraded when speed is increased. Here we present a new approach to AFM that makes a direct and feedback-independent measurement of surface height using a laser interferometer focused onto the back of the AFM tip. Combining this direct height measurement with a passive, feedback-free method for maintaining tip-sample contact removes the constraint on scan speed that comes from the bandwidth of the z-feedback loop. Conventional laser reflection detection is used for feedback control, which now plays the role of minimising tip-sample forces, rather than producing the sample topography. Using the system in conjunction with a rapid scanner, true height images are obtained with areas up to (36 × 36) μm(2) at 1 image/second, suitable for in-line applications.
On the translation of machine language programs (1965)

Automatic translation of machine language programs is :becoming a highly desirable goal with the advent of new largescale computers. The pitfalls that make it difficult to achieve completely automatic translations are analyzed, and it is shown that these are primarily of a semantic nature. A semiautomatic procedure for resolving semantic problems is suggested.
The Relation Between Production of Cytotoxin and Clinical Features in Shigellosis (1986)

The relation between in vitro production of HeLa cell cytotoxin by strains of Shigella and clinical symptomatology was determined for 35 travelers from the United States who developed shigellosis in Guadalajara, Mexico. There were 25 patients with Shigella sonnei, eight with Shigella flexneri, one with Shigella boydii, and one with Shigella dysenteriae. These strains were evaluated for in vitro production of cytotoxin. The amount of cytotoxin did not correlate with the number of stools passed, the severity of abdominal pain, or the presence of nausea or vomiting. However, patients with strains of Shigella that produced more cytotoxic activity were more likely to have fever (P less than .02) and occult blood in their stools (P less than .004). The cytotoxicity produced by 30 (86%) strains could not be neutralized with rabbit antiserum to purified, formaldehyde-treated Shiga toxin from S. dysenteriae type 1 strain 60 R; the cytotoxicity of five (14%) of the strains was partially neutralized. When only nonneutralizable cytotoxin was considered, the presence of fecal leukocytes (P less than .04), as well as of occult blood (P less than .002) and fever (P less than .02), correlated with the amount of cytotoxin. The amount of nonneutralizable cytotoxin produced by shigella strains was related to the clinical findings. This cytotoxic activity was infrequently attributable to "Shiga toxin".
Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2010)

Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology explains nanotechnology to an audience that does not necessarily have a scientific background. It covers all aspects, including the new areas of biomedical applications and the use of nanotechnology to probe the "quantum vacuum." After discussing the present state of the art in nanotechnology, the book makes estimates of where these technologies are going and what will be possible in the future.
Accelerated evolution of crotalinae snake venom gland serine proteases (1996)

Eight cDNAs encoding serine proteases isolated from Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu snake) and T. gramineus (green habu snake) venom gland cDNA libraries showed that nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions have accumulated in the mature protein-coding regions to cause amino acid changes. Southern blot analysis of T. flavoviridis genomic DNAs using two proper probes indicated that venom gland serine protease genes form a multigene family in the genome. These observations suggest that venom gland serine proteases have diversified their amino acid sequences in an accelerating manner. Since a similar feature has been previously discovered in crotalinae snake venom gland phospholipase A2 (PLA2) isozyme genes, accelerated evolution appears to be universal in plural isozyme families of crotalinae snake venom gland.
A Numerical Study On Acid Rain AndNeutralization By Yellow-sand In East Asia (2000)

An Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (AQPMS) was used to investigate the neutralization of acid rain by yellow-sand in East Asia. A new deflation module of the yellow sand was designed to provide explicit information on the dust loading. Different from the previous ones for Sahara and Australian deserts, it included three major predictors, i.e., the friction velocity; the surface humidity and the predominant weather system. It was linked to AQPMS, which consisted of the advection, diffusion, dry and wet deposition, gas-phase chemistry and the liquid-phase chemistry. The predicted pH values and sulfateand nitrate-ion levels of precipitation, together with the surface concentrations of gaseous pollutants, were compared with measured values and a reasonable agreement was obtained. The simulation results of April 1995 exhibited a strong neutralization of the precipitation by the yellow-sand. The monthly mean pH values in the northern China, Korea and Japan showed a remarkable increase of 0.4-1.2, while the increase in the southern China was less than 0.1.
Psychosocial effects of vitiligo (2005)

A limited number of studies have paid attention to the psychosocial well-being of patients affected with vitiligo. We review the psychosocial effects of vitiligo, how patients deal with them and the psychiatric morbidity in vitiligo patients. Given the appreciable comorbidity, it is important to consider these observations in the management of patients, for example in patient-physician interaction but also in treatment strategies and evaluation of treatments. The effects of the psychological state on the disease itself together with the potential therapeutic implications are reviewed. Based on these data, we suggest how to further improve patient's management.
The solution structure of the N-terminal domain of α<sub>2</sub>-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein (1997)

The three-dimensional structure of the N-terminal domain (residues 18-112) of alpha2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein (RAP) has been determined by NMR spectroscopy. The structure consists of three helices composed of residues 23-34, 39-65, and 73-88. The three helices are arranged in an up-down-up antiparallel topology. The C-terminal 20 residues were shown not to be in a well defined conformation. A structural model for the binding of RAP to the family of low-density lipoprotein receptors is proposed. It defines a role in binding for both the unordered C terminus and the structural scaffold of the core structure. Pathogenic epitopes for the rat disease Heymann nephritis, an experimental model of human membranous glomerulonephritis, have been identified in RAP and in the large endocytic receptor gp330/megalin. Here we provide the three-dimensional structure of the pathogenic epitope in RAP. The amino acid residues known to form the epitope are in a helix-loop-helix conformation, and from the structure it is possible to rationalize the published results obtained from studies of fragments of the N-terminal domain.
Survey of Jewish affairs 1982 (1985)

Journal Article Survey of Jewish affairs 1982 Get access Survey of Jewish affairs 1982. Edited by William Frankel. London, Toronto: Associated University Presses for World Jewish Congress. 1984. 295 pp. Index. £16.50. ISBN 0 8386 3206 8. N. G. N. G. 1Chatham House Library Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 61, Issue 4, October 1985, Page 738, https://doi.org/10.2307/2617798 Published: 01 October 1985
Parametric study on the Prediction of Wave-induced Liquefaction using an Artificial Neural Network Model (2007)

Zhang, H., Jeng, D-S., Cha, D. and Blumenstein, M., 2007. Parametric study on the Prediction of Wave-induced Liquefaction using an Artificial Neural Network Model. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 50 (Proceedings of the 9th International Coastal Symposium), 374 – 378. Gold Coast, Australia, ISSN 0749.0208 The prediction of the wave-induced liquefaction potential is particularly important for coastal engineers involved in the design of marine structures. An artificial neural network (ANN) model is used to estimate the wave-induced liquefaction in terms of wave and seabed sediment conditions. The sensitivity of wave and seabed sediment parameters is extensively investigated to get the most accurate results. The deterministic wave and liquefaction models are used to explain the parameter features physically. Numerical examples demonstrate the capacity of the ANN modelling approach in simulating complex mechanisms such as wave-induced liquefaction with adequate information.
A comparative study of texture measures for terrain classification. (1975)

Three standard approaches to automatic texture classification make use of features based on the Fourier power spectrum, on gray level co-occurrences, and on statistics of local properties, respectively. In this paper, features of these types are applied to a set of 54 picture samples taken from aerial photographs of nine terrain types (Lake, Marsh, Orchard, Railroad, Scrub, Suburb, Swamp, Urban, and Woods). Classification results are compared for individual features and pairs of features within each feature class. In general, the Fourier based features performed poorest, while those based on statistics of gray level differences performed best.
Trench-Hall devices (2000)

A trench-Hall device sensitive to magnetic inductions parallel to the chip surface is reported in this paper. The vertically oriented active region is defined by two parallel trenches with a distance of only 2.4 /spl mu/m. Deep contacts connect the active region of the device at its bottom at a depth of 20 /spl mu/m. These deep contacts allow a symmetrical operating condition of the active region analogous to a lateral symmetrical Hall plate, which is favorable for dynamic offset reduction. With the presented technology, trench-Hall devices with a sensitivity of 320 V/A with a nonlinearity below 0.1% are realized. Additionally, the presented fabrication technique enables the electrically insulated cointegration of sensor and circuitry on a single CMOS chip.
Studies on the Induced Synthesis of Maleate cis-trans Isomerase by Malonate (1969)

Maleate cis-trans isomerase in Alcaligenes faecalis IB-14 was induced by malonate and purified about 100-fold over the crude cell-free extract by treatments of ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. The preparation was shown to be monodisperse on ultracentri-fugal analysisand Svedberg value was found to be 3.84S. The enzyme was most active at pH value around 8.3 and was stable over the range of pH 5.0 to 7.0 in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT) for a few weeks, but in the absence of it, the enzyme activity was markedly decreased, especially in the alkaline region. The enzyme activity was inhibited by various sulfhydryl reagents and oxidizing agents, whereas it was not affected by metal chelating agents. The inhibition by Hg2+ and PCMB was overcome by the addition of sulfhydryl compounds such as DTT, 2-mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine and glutathione. It was observed that the enzyme did not require co-factor for its function. Kinetic studies showed that Michaelis constant for maleate was 2.8×10-3 M and the enzyme did not catalyze the reverse reaction.