gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hartmann wavefront sensor for EUV radiation (2013)

A compact Hartmann wavefront sensor specifically optimized for the EUV spectral range was developed in a cooperation of Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen and DESY / Hamburg. Primarily designed for optics adjustment and beam characterization of the free electron laser FLASH, the self-supporting device can also be used in combination with any other EUV radiation source, as e.g. for at-wavelength fine-tuning of EUVL beam line optics. Tests performed at FLASH and LCLS indicate an average wavefront measurement repeatability of λ/116 (w<sub>rms</sub>) at λ=13.5nm for the EUV Hartmann sensor. The device can be successfully employed for characterization of the unfocused FEL beam, as well as for fine-adjustment of EUV optics, as demonstrated for an ellipsoidal focusing mirror at beam-line BL2 of FLASH. The wavefront monitored behind this mirror provided information on typical misalignment effects such as astigmatism or coma. Improved alignment allowed for reduction of the wavefront rms (w<sub>rms</sub>) from 3.9nm to 1.5nm. Tests performed with LPP EUV sources indicate that the new sensor can also be used for actinic optics characterization and real-time fine-tuning of EUVL optics systems.
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 Complexed with a Class II Major Histocompatibility Molecule HLA-DR1 (1994)

The three-dimensional structure of a Staphylococcus aureus superantigen, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), complexed with a human class II major histocompatibility molecule (DR1), was determined by x-ray crystallography. The TSST-1 binding site on DR1 overlaps that of the superantigen S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), but the two binding modes differ. Whereas SEB binds primarily off one edge of the peptide binding site of DR1, TSST-1 extends over almost one-half of the binding site and contacts both the flanking alpha helices of the histocompatibility antigen and the bound peptide. This difference suggests that the T cell receptor (TCR) would bind to TSST-1:DR1 very differently than to DR1:peptide or SEB:DR1. It also suggests that TSST-1 binding may be dependent on the peptide, though less so than TCR binding, providing a possible explanation for the inability of TSST-1 to competitively block SEB binding to all DR1 molecules on cells (even though the binding sites of TSST-1 and SEB on DR1 overlap almost completely) and suggesting the possibility that T cell activation by superantigen could be directed by peptide antigen.
Measurements of strain distributions with a long gauge FBG sensor using optical frequency domain reflectometry (2005)

We developed a strain measurement system based on optical frequency domain reflectometry and applied it to measuring strain distributions of a specimen in tensile tests. In the sensing region on the specimen, five FBG sensors of 6 mm gauge length or one of 100 mm gauge length was bonded and strain measurements were implemented with both configurations. By using the former configuration, we could successfully carry out accurate quasi-distributed strain measurements. The later allowed fully-distributed measurements for 100 mm at the high spatial resolution. Such performance of high resolution sensing can be applied to health monitoring of a structure which may have stress concentration. In this paper, we describe the principle of the measurement system and the results in the tensile tests.
<title>Aberration correction by electron holography using a liquid crystal spatial-light modulator</title> (1993)

Electron holography has a potential to overcome the resolution limitation of transmission electron microscopes imposed by a spherical aberration of an electron objective lens. This paper describes a new optical system a liquid-crystal spatial-light modulator (LC-SLM) to correct a spherical aberration from an off-axis electron hologram. The effective refractive index of the liquid crystals changed by the applied electric field can flexibly compensate for a wave aberration. Some experimental results involving the correction of the spherical aberration in an off-axis image electron hologram are presented. Zernike phase contrast method is also realized by the LC-SLM to visualize the phase distribution of a corrected object wave.
Design of a Linear Bulk Superconductor Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch Systems (2004)

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) material in bulk form is used to design a linear synchronous motor for an electromagnetic aircraft launch system. The motor is designed without an iron core. Stator coils are placed in the air while the permanent magnets used in conventional design of linear permanent magnet synchronous motors are replaced by the HTS bulk magnets. The physical, operational, and equivalent circuit parameters of the linear motor with HTS bulk magnets are compared with those of a linear permanent magnet synchronous motor and linear induction motor designed for the same application. Results show that utilizing superconducting magnets is only superior at temperatures below 40 K.
The analysis of simple sequence repeat DNA in soybean by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis. (1995)

The objective of this work is to examine the presence of simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA in soybean plant genotypes by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (CGE). The SSR DNA length polymorphism in soybean determines the variation in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product lengths. Loci were chosen where amplification produced one PCR product per genotype (M.S. Akkaya et al., 1992). The F1 hybrids of parents carrying different alleles produced two PCR products identical to the two parents. The CGE system used a 3%T,3%C polyacrylamide gel capillary with an effective length of 40 cm. The PCR products with lengths of 150 to 200 base pairs were monitored at 260 nm. The analysis time was under 50 minutes. CGE is capable of separating these PCR products by base pair number the same as conventional sequencing gel techniques. CGE offers an automated, high speed, high resolution analytical method for determining soybean SSR allele sizes as compared with the traditional methodologies.
<i>In vitro</i>antitumor immune response induced by fusion of dendritic cells and colon cancer cells (2004)

The data indicate that fusion of tumor cells with DCs is an attractive strategy to induce tumor rejection.
Downgrading and discounting the qualifications of migrant professionals in England: the case of overseas-trained teachers (2008)

Highly trained teachers from across the world come to England expecting to practice their profession. These expectations are dashed however, if their qualifications and work experience, gained in their home countries, are not recognised as legitimate by potential employers and accreditation bodies. This type of social situation is the focus of Relative Deprivation Theory in which relative deprivation is defined as having a perception that an expectation has been dishonoured (the cognitive component) and possessing feelings of injustice, dissatisfaction and discontent at this dishonouring (affective component). Relative Deprivation may take one of two forms. Egoistic Relative Deprivation results when a person feels that he or she has been unjustly deprived relative to other individuals. The result of this is stress and lower life satisfaction. On the other hand, Collective Relative Deprivation, which forms the basis of this article, results when a person feels that his or her group is unjustly deprived relative to other social groups. The result of this is the basis for collective or group actions. Put simply, Relative Deprivation Theory specifies (and empirical evidence has substantiated) that affective relative deprivation is the proximal cause of engagement in protest action, which fully mediates the more distal effects of Cognitive Relative Deprivation.
Lossless authentication of MPEG-2 video (2003)

In authentication using watermarking, the original media needs to be slightly modified in order to embed a short media digest in the media itself. Lossless authentication watermarking achieves the same goal with the advantage that the distortion can be erased if media authenticity is positively verified. We extend lossless data embedding methods, originally developed for the JPEG image format, to digital video in the MPEG-2 format. Two new lossless watermarking methods for authentication of digital videos are presented. In the first, each frame contains its hash embedded losslessly, while in the second, we embed a hash for a group of frames in B frames only. Implementation issues, such as real-time performance, are also addressed.
Image Symmetric Encryption based on Block Displacement (2015)

The main purpose of this work is the management of security. This will allow users authorization and integrity, accuracy and images security circulating on the Internet. Addition to that, more effort is required for an image-based data in the process of encrypting and decrypting the image. Proposed Architecture facilities for encrypting and decrypting an image using the suitable key and is designed to work for the same purpose. In this article we present a strategy for the new permutations based on a combination of different blocks of pixels and the symmetric encryption algorithm newly developed called "Image Symmetric Encryption Based on Block Displacement". The different blocks of the selected image is formed to change the layout of pixels into an image by the interchanging process, and then using the proposed symmetric encryption Algorithm the processed image will be encrypted.
NFV Service Chains at the Speed of the Underlying Commodity Hardware (2018)

Link speeds in networks will in the near-future reach and exceed 100 Gbps. While available specialized hardware can accommodate these speeds, modern networks have adopted a new networking paradigm, also known as Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), that replaces expensive specialized hardware with open-source software running on commodity hardware. However, achieving high performance using commodity hardware is a hard problem mainly because of the processor-memory gap. This gap suggests that only the fastest memories of today’s commodity servers can achieve the desirable access latencies for high speed networks. Existing NFV systems realize chained network functions (also known as service chains) mostly using slower memories; this implies a need for multiple additional CPU cores or even multiple servers to achieve high speed packet processing. In contrast, this thesis combines four contributions to realize NFV service chains with dramatically higher performance and better efficiency than the state of the art. The first contribution is a framework that profiles NFV service chains to uncover reasons for performance degradation, while the second contribution leverages the profiler’s data to accelerate these service chains by combining multiplexing of system calls with scheduling strategies. The third contribution synthesizes input/output and processing service chain operations to increase the spatial locality of network traffic with respect to a system’s caches. The fourth contribution combines the profiler’s insights from the first contribution and the synthesis approach of the third contribution to realize NFV service chains at the speed of the underlying commodity hardware. To do so, stateless traffic classification operations are offloaded into available hardware (i.e., programmable switches and/or network cards) and a tag is associated with each traffic class. At the server side, input traffic classes are classified by the hardware based upon the values of these tags, which indicate the CPU core that should undertake their stateful processing, while ensuring zero inter-core communication. With commodity hardware, this thesis realizes Internet Service Provider-level service chains and deep packet inspection at a line-rate 40 Gbps and stateful service chains at the speed of a 100 GbE network card on a 16 core single server. This results in up to (i) 4.7x lower latency, (ii) 8.5x higher throughput, and (iii) 6.5x better efficiency than the state of the art. The techniques described in this thesis are crucial for realizing future high speed NFV deployments.
702. Tertiary alcohols and related compounds derived from 2-dimethylaminomethylcyclohexanone (1964)

A. F. Casy, N. J. Harper and J. R. Dimmock, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3635 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640003635
Fully ion-implanted InP JFET with buried p-layer (1990)

Implementation of a buried p-layer in a fully ion implanted InP JFET is discussed. Using Be coimplanted with Si, a sharp channel profile is obtained. The saturation current has been reduced, and the pinch-off characteristic has been improved, with a slight decrease in transconductance and cutoff frequency. The equivalent circuits for the JFET with and without the buried p-layer are compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Die Struktur kollagenähnlicher Homo‐ und Heteropolytripeptide, 4. Polytripeptide durch repetitive Peptidsynthese und Verbrückung von Oligopeptiden (1979)

Abstract Collagen‐ like oligopeptides of defined chain length were synthesized via the following tripeptides which were combined stepwise: Boc‐Gly‐L‐Pro‐L‐Pro‐OH ( 1 ), Boc‐Gly‐L‐Pro‐L‐Lys‐OH ( 2 ), Boc‐L‐Ala‐Gly‐L‐Pro‐OH ( 4 ), Boc‐Gly‐L‐Pro‐L‐Leu‐OH ( 6 ), and Boc‐L‐Ala‐L‐Hyp(OBz)‐Gly‐OH ( 9 ). Two methods for covalent bridging of three oligopeptides of the same sequence were applied resulting in the formation of polypeptides of type 22 or 23 .
Object wavelet transform for coding of arbitrarily shaped image segments (1997)

Object-based coding is one of the most challenging key features which the ISO/IEC MPEG-4 is trying to standardize. One approach to transform an arbitrary shaped image region is addressed. The proposed approach called object-based wavelet transform (OWT), is simple to implement and is a smooth extension of regular wavelet transform (WT). The OWT consist of two phase processes: one is an extrapolation phase for regular WT and the other is a coefficients handling phase for eliminating redundancy caused by the extrapolation. Due to some experimental results, it is confirmed that the method performs the same as other shape-adaptive approaches with low complexity.
IgA in Commercial γ‐Globulin Preparations (1976)

The presence of anti‐IgA has been related to adverse reactions to injection Oil infusion of IgA‐containing material. In this study IgA was demonstrated in all of the investigated commercial γ‐globulin preparations. In the material from a few producers it was, however, very low. By immuno‐gel filtration it could be shown that the IgA consisted of aggregates as well as a 7S component and fragments. By immunoelectrophoresis‐immunuofluorescence IgG‐IgA complexes could also be detected. The IgA aggregates could be almost Completely degraded by reduction‐alkylation. It is implied that such changed IgA in γ‐globulin preparations for injection may increase the risk of immunization against IgA.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 2-Amino-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazino[5,6-b]quinoxaline Derivatives. (2010)

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CLII.—Quinoline compounds containing arsenic. Part I. Synthesis of 6-methoxyquinoline derivatives of aminophenylarsinic acids (1930)

R. H. Slater, J. Chem. Soc., 1930, 1209 DOI: 10.1039/JR9300001209
Final Report on the Safety Assessment of <i>p</i>-Chloro-<i>m</i>-Cresol (1997)

p-Chloro-m-Cresol is a substituted phenol that functions as a cosmetic biocide preservative in skin care and suntan cosmetic formulations. While p-Chloro-m-Cresol is approved for preservative use by the European Union at concentrations of up to 0.2%, it can be used at other concentrations when not intended as a preservative, and it is prohibited from use in products intended to contact mucous membranes. p-Chloro-m-Cresol is approved for use as an indirect food additive in the United States. Acute, short-term, and subchronic tests in animals indicate no dose-related toxicity other than reduced body weight gain. A chronic feeding study in rats identified kidney damage in high-dose males and an increase in pituitary adenomas in mid- and high-dose females. No evidence of mutagenicity was seen in Ames tests, but there was an increase in SOS-DNA repair synthesis in Escherichia coli. A solution of p-Chloro-m-Cresol at concentrations as low as 0.05% produced ocular irritation in rabbits. Some evidence of dermal irritation and sensitization was found in animal studies. In clinical studies, 2%o p-Chloro-m-Cresol seems to be a skin irritant. Predictive patch tests using 5% p-Chloro-m-Cresol as the challenge were negative, but provocative patch tests yielded positive responses in a few individuals. Other data pertinent to the safety assessment of thisingredient are not available, including the concentration of use in cosmetics, UV absorption data (photosensitization data also are needed if theingredient absorbs in the UVA or UVB region), dermal developmental toxicity data and a mutagenicity study using a mammalian system (a 2-year dermal carcinogenicity study is also needed if the mutagenesis study is positive). Based on the presently available data, the safety of thisingredient in cosmetic formulations cannot be supported.
Whatʼs new in new technologies for upper extremity rehabilitation? (2010)

Despite the fact that new technologies are based on knowledge from motor control and learning literature and that they provide an exciting potential for varied rehabilitation, recent evidence suggests that the only contribution to clinical practice currently is the provision of intensive, repetitive movements.
Physiologic doses of urocanic acid do not alter the allostimulatory function or the development of murine dendritic cells <i>in vitro</i> (1997)

Exposure to UVB results in the isomerization of trans-urocanic acid (UCA), localized in the stratum corneum, to cis-UCA. Cis-UCA can mediate at least some of the immunosuppressive effects of UVB, though the mechanism of cis-UCA action remains incompletely defined. Alterations in Langerhans cells, and other dendritic antigen presenting cell populations in the skin, may contribute to the loss of skin immune function following UVB exposure. Hence, this study was designed to investigate whether cis-UCA directly can induce changes in the immunostimulatory capacity of dendritic cells (DC) and the development of DC from precursor cells. Murine DC were generated from C57BL/6 bone marrow (BM) using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and were used as stimulator cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) using BALB/c lymph node cells (LNC) as responders. The addition of cis- and trans-UCA at concentrations ranging from 0.1-500 micrograms/ml to the MLR did not affect proliferative responses. Cis- or trans-UCA (100 micrograms/ml) was added to GM-CSF stimulated mouse BM cells on day 0, day 3 or day 5 of culture, and the phenotype and allo-stimulatory function of the DC were analysed on day 7. Treatment with cis- or trans-UCA did not affect the numbers or the viability of cells in the BM cultures. In addition, the expression on DC of Iab, CD11c or the costimulatory molecules ICAM-1, B7-1, B7-2 and CD40 was not altered by the addition of cis-UCA to BM cultures. The inability of cis-UCA to alter the development of DC in vitro was confirmed by analysing the functional capacity of DC in MLR. DC generated in the presence of cis-UCA were equally efficient in the induction of allo-stimulation, when compared with control DC. These results suggest that cis-UCA does not exert its immunosuppressive activity through direct effects on DC. Such activity may be independent of DC, or alternatively, cis-UCA may influence DC function indirectly, through the induction of secondary mediators.
The clinical pharmacology profile of the new antiepileptic drug perampanel: A novel noncompetitive <scp>AMPA</scp> receptor antagonist (2014)

The clinical pharmacology profile of a drug critically determines its therapeutics, and this review summarizes the characteristics associated with the antiepileptic drug (AED) perampanel. A PubMed literature search was performed for perampanel. Congress abstract data are included where necessary and Eisai Ltd provided access to unpublished data on file. After oral ingestion, perampanel is rapidly absorbed and peak plasma concentrations occur 0.5-2.5 h later; its bioavailability is ~100%. Although the rate of perampanel absorption is slowed by food co-ingestion, the extent absorbed remains unchanged; therefore, perampanel can be administered without regard to meal times. The pharmacokinetics of perampanel are linear and predictable over the clinically relevant dose range (2-12 mg); perampanel is 95% protein-bound to albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein. Perampanel is extensively metabolized (>90%) in the liver, primarily by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, to various pharmacologically inactive metabolites. In healthy volunteers, the apparent terminal half-life is ~105 h, whereas the calculated effective half-life is 48 h. These half-life values allow for once-daily dosing, which will aid patient compliance and in the event of a missed dose, will have minimal impact on seizure control. In healthy volunteers prescribed carbamazepine, half-life decreases to 25 h. Clearance values are not significantly different in adolescents (~13.0 ml/min) and the elderly (~10.5 ml/min) compared with adults (10.9 ml/min). Perampanel has minimal propensity to cause pharmacokinetic interactions. However, it is the target of such interactions and CYP3A4-inducing AEDs enhance its clearance; this can be used to advantage because dose titration can be faster and thus optimum therapeutic outcome can be achieved sooner. Perampanel 12 mg, but not 4 or 8 mg, enhances the metabolism of the progesterone component of the oral contraceptive pill, necessitating the need for an additional reliable contraceptive method. Overall, perampanel has a favorable clinical pharmacology profile, which should aid its clinical use.
Relationships among Therapist Presession Mood, Therapist Empathy, and Session Evaluation (2002)

Intellectual empathy, operationalized as the counselor's accuracy in perceiving a client's emotions, and empathic emotion, or the similarity between the therapist's and the client's emotions, were examined in relation to therapist presession mood and clients' session evaluations. Fifty-eight client-therapist dyads completed the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (Zuckerman, Lubin, & Rinck, 1983) before and after a midtreatment counseling session. Clients also completed the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (Stiles & Snow, 1984). Results showed that both intellectual empathy and empathic emotion contributed significantly to client-rated session depth but not session smoothness. Counselor presession positive affect was negatively related to empathic emotion, whereas counselor presession anxiety was positively related to intellectual empathy.
Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Punch Velocity on the Springback Behavior and the Flat Length in Free Bending (2016)

A study of bending parameter variations has been performed to improve the predictability of the springback in a free bending process. At first, the influence of bending parameters on the springback behavior and the flat length under quasi-static conditions has been investigated for different sheet materials. Therefore, a tool with an integrated optical measuring system has been used to determine the influences of bending angles, radii, component widths and orientations of the bending axis to the rolling direction on the sheet. Afterwards, the quasi-static parameter variation has been extended with different punch velocities to investigate its influence on the bending process, the springback and the flat length. Based on these results an extendable metamodel for correction factors was developed.