gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Control in Continuous Distillation Theodore (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomatic Control in Continuous Distillation TheodoreTheodore Williams, Robert T. Harnett, and Arthur RoseCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1956, 48, 6, 1008–1019Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50558a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50558a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Lupus update: Perspective and clinical pearls (2009)

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) have a markedly better survival rate today than they did 50 years ago, but they face a greater risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis at early ages. With better understanding of the immunological mechanisms of the disease, new avenues of therapy are emerging.
Theoretical Study of WS-9-Based Organic Sensitizers for Unusual Vis/NIR Absorption and Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2015)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the most promising low-cost photovoltaic devices. Whereas, the absorption bands of most organic sensitizers, the most vital component in DSSCs, are limited to a relatively narrow visible range. To obtain efficient sensitizer, a series of D–A−π–A metal-free dyes have been designed based on one of the best sensitizers WS-9 by modifying auxiliary acceptor and characterized theoretically. The results illustrate that introduction of auxiliary heterocycle acceptor is revealed to very narrow band gap (HOMO–LUMO), leading to an obvious red-shifted broad near-infrared absorption band in the range of 750–1950 nm compared to WS-9 (536 nm). The critical parameters in close connection with the short-circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), including singlet excited state lifetime (τ), total dipole moments (μnormal), the conduction band of edge of the semiconductor substrate (ΔECB), and regeneration driving forces (ΔGreg) are superior to those of WS-9. Therefore, these novel sensitizers would be a promising candidate for improving the performance of the DSSCs.
Haskell and XML (1999)

We present two complementary approaches to writing XML document-processing applications in a functional language.In the first approach, the generic tree structure of XML documents is used as the basis for the design of a library of combinators for generic processing: selection, generation, and transformation of XML trees.The second approach is to use a type-translation framework for treating XML document type definitions (DTDs) as declarations of algebraic data types, and a derivation of the corresponding functions for reading and writing documents as typed values in Haskell.
Chemistry and Mode of Action of Crop Protection Agents (1998)

This book examines the chemistry and mode of action of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and plant growth regulators. It follows crop protection strategies from early discoveries to the present day, emphasising the biochemical targets of the compounds discussed. Chemistry and Mode of Action of Crop Protection Agents provides an in-depth, yet easy to read and understand, review of the major classes of pesticides, explaining also the basis of their activity and selectivity. Throughout, there are many references to allow the reader to pursue areas of special interest, and each chapter contains questions to ensure that the text has been understood. This is the first book on the mode of action of pesticides to have been published in over ten years, and as such will have a very wide audience. It is aimed primarily at graduate level but will also be relevant to the needs of some sixth form and undergraduate courses, as well as to industrialists and advisors in the field of crop protection.
Molecular Fluorescence Spectroscopy (1986)

Abstract This article provides an introduction to the molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, and discusses the theory of fluorescence and its application to chemical analysis. It provides information on fluorescence that occurs in organic compounds and inorganic atoms and molecules. The article describes the instruments used in the spectroscopy, namely, radiation sources, sample holders, wavelength selectors, detectors, computers, and ratiometric instruments. The practical considerations include solvent effects, corrected spectra, wavelength calibration, temperature, and scattered light. The article also discusses the uses of some special techniques used in molecular fluorescence spectroscopy.
State of the Art in Quad Meshing (2012)

Triangle meshes have been nearly ubiquitous in computer graphics, and a large body of data structures and geometry processing algorithms based on them has been developed in the literature. At the same time, quadrilateral meshes, especially semi-regular ones, have advantages for many applications, and significant progress was made in quadrilateral mesh generation and processing during the last several years. In this State of the Art Report, we discuss the advantages and problems of techniques operating on quadrilateral meshes, including surface analysis and mesh quality, simplification, adaptive refinement, alignment with features, parametrization, and remeshing.
Application of feature tracking in a vision based human machine interface for Xbox (2009)

This paper presents a vision based human machine interface (HMI) for the Xbox. It applies feature tracking algorithms to recognize user's head gestures and translates them into commands for the game. The pyramidal implementation of Lucas Kanade feature tracking is used to trace the optical flows in a sequence of frames. The experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed vision based interface, which has reasonable performance comparing with the standard game pad.
In vitro and in vivo methazolastone-induced DNA damage and repair in L-1210 leukemia sensitive and resistant to chloroethylnitrosoureas. (1987)

DNA damage caused by methazolastone [an analogue of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide which does not require metabolic activation] was investigated in L-1210 leukemia which is sensitive to this drug and in a L-1210 subline [L-1210/N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU)] which is resistant to both chloroethylnitrosoureas and methyltriazenes. Both in vitro and in vivo metazolastone caused formation of DNA alkali-labile sites (assessed by alkaline elution techniques) which were present in similar amounts and repaired at a similar rate in L-1210 and L-1210/BCNU. This suggests that these lesions are not crucial to methyltriazenes activity. DNA alkali-labile sites may be due to the removal of 7-methylguanine by 7-methylguanine-DNA glycosylase which showed the same activity in L-1210 and L-1210/BCNU. Flow cytometry studies revealed that in L-1210 but not in L-1210/BCNU methazolastone induced an arrest of cells in SL-G2-M phases. This blockade was delayed, occurring after at least two cell divisions after drug treatment and therefore appeared temporally unrelated to the presence of DNA alkali-labile sites. There was three times more O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in L-1210/BCNU than in L-1210 suggesting that methylation of O6-guanine is an important lesion for methyltriazenes activity and resistance to this drug may be linked to its repair.
Isolation of telomere junction fragments by anchored polymerase chain reaction (1992)

We describe a simple polymerase chain reaction (PGR)-based method for isolating short stretches of nontelomeric DNA adjacent to arrays of telomere repeat units, in principle applicable to any species for which the telomere repeat sequence is known. Application of this approach to human DNA resulted in the isolation of many candidate telomere junction clones, at least some of which were shown to be derived from telomere-adjacent regions. Most of the isolated clones detect multiple sequences in the human genome which represent one or a few sequence families present at the ends of most or all autosomes and variably truncated before the start of the telomere repeat array. Substantial sequence divergence between different members of these sequence families suggests a low rate of sequence homogenization by telomere exchange processes. The pseudoautosomal telomere junction has also been isolated and contains a shortened version of a recently described family of short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs), only 14 base pairs (b.p.) from the start of the telomere.
Proteomic identification of nitrated proteins in Alzheimer's disease brain (2003)

Nitration of tyrosine in biological conditions represents a pathological event that is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased levels of nitrated proteins have been reported in AD brain and CSF, demonstrating the potential involvement of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in neurodegeneration associated with this disease. Reaction of NO with O2- leads to formation of peroxynitrite ONOO-, which following protonation, generates cytotoxic species that oxidize and nitrate proteins. Several findings suggest an important role of protein nitration in modulating the activity of key enzymes in neurodegenerative disorders, although extensive studies on specific targets of protein nitration in disease are still missing. The present investigation represents a further step in understanding the relationship between oxidative modification of protein and neuronal death in AD. We previously applied a proteomics approach to determine specific targets of protein oxidation in AD brain, by successfully coupling immunochemical detection of protein carbonyls with two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis. In the present study, we extend our investigation of protein oxidative modification in AD brain to targets of protein nitration. The identification of six targets of protein nitration in AD brain provides evidence to the importance of oxidative stress in the progression of this dementing disease and potentially establishes a link between RNS-related protein modification and neurodegeneration.
Automating Software Failure Reporting (2004)

There are many ways to measure quality before and after software is released. For commercial and internal-use-only products, the most important measurement is the user’s perception of product quality. Unfortunately, perception is difficult to measure, so companies attempt to quantify it through customer satisfaction surveys and failure/behavioral data collected from its customer base. This article focuses on the problems of capturing failure data from customer sites. To explore the pertinent issues I rely on experience gained from collecting failure data from Windows XP systems, but the problems you are likely to face when developing internal (noncommercial) software should not be dissimilar.
Separation of the Enantiomers of 3,5-Dinitrophenyl Carbamates and 3,5-Dinitrophenyl Ureas (1986)

Abstract The preparation of 3,5-dinitrophenyl carbamates and 3,5-dinitrophenyl ureas from chiral alcohols and amines and 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl azide is described. These ureas and carbamates have been observed to resolve on α-arylalkylamine based chiral stationary phases 1 and 2. A mechanism for the resolution of these carbamates and ureas is presented and compared to the resolution and mechanism thereof for the analogous series of 3,5-dinitrobenzamides on these phases.
Heat Shock Factor Gains Access to the Yeast <i>HSC82</i> Promoter Independently of Other Sequence-Specific Factors and Antagonizes Nucleosomal Repression of Basal and Induced Transcription (1996)

Transcription in eukaryotic cells occurs in the context of chromatin. Binding of sequence-specific regulatory factors must contend with the presence of nucleosomes for establishment of a committed preinitiation complex. Here we demonstrate that the high-affinity binding site for heat shock transcription factor (HSF) is occupied independently of other cis-regulatory elements and is critically required for preventing nucleosomal assembly over the yeast HSC82 core promoter under both noninducing (basal) and inducing conditions. Chromosomal mutation of this sequence, termed HSE1, erases the HSF footprint and abolishes both transcription and in vivo occupancy of the TATA box. Moreover, it dramatically reduces promoter chromatin accessibility to DNase I and TaqI, as the nuclease-hypersensitive region is replaced by a localized nucleosome. By comparison, in situ mutagenesis of two other promoter elements engaged in stable protein-DNA interactions in vivo, the GRF2/REB1 site and the TATA box, despite reducing transcription three- to fivefold, does not compromise the nucleosome-free state of the promoter. The GRF2-binding factor appears to facilitate the binding of proteins to both HSE1 and TATA, as these sequences, while still occupied, are less protected from in vivo dimethyl sulfate methylation in a deltaGRF2 strain. Finally, deletion of a consensus upstream repressor sequence (URS1), positioned immediately upstream of the GRF2-HSE1 region and only weakly occupied in chromatin, has no expression phenotype, even under meiotic conditions. However, deletion of URS1, like mutation of GRF2, shifts the translational setting of an upstream nucleosomal array flanking the promoter region. Taken together, our results argue that HSF, independent of and dominant among sequence-specific factors binding to the HSC82 upstream region, antagonizes nucleosomal repression and creates an accessible chromatin structure conducive to preinitiation complex assembly and transcriptional activation.
Cell splitting based on active antennas: Performance assessment for LTE system (2012)

The adaptive beamforming technology is an important tool in modern communication systems like LTE-Advanced in order to enhance system capacity. Beamforming techniques allow to direct the signal toward the useful users while decreasing at the same time the interference toward and from the users of the neighbouring cells. The aim of this document is to study the impact of both vertical and horizontal beamforming on LTE system performance using Active Antenna System (AAS).
ILLUSIONS AND ISSUES IN BIMODAL SPEECH PERCEPTION (1998)

As witnessed by this conference and many other sources of evidence, the study of bimodal speech perception has attained the status of a cottage industry. The addition of just one more modality has made transparent several new phenomena, new theoretical endeavors, and a closer link between research and application. The goal of this paper is to review a series of relevant issues in our search for an understanding of speech perception by ear and eye. The issues include a discussion of viable explanations of the McGurk effect, the time course of auditory/visual processing, neural processing, the role of dynamic information, the information in visual speech, the fusion of written language and auditory speech, and the issue of generalizing from studies of syllables to words and larger segments.
Hybrid FRP-concrete-steel multi-tube concrete columns: stub column tests (2016)

Hybrid Multi-Tube Concrete Columns (MTCCs) are a new form of hybrid columns recently developed at the University of Wollongong. An MTCC consists of a series of small steel tubes embedded in concrete that is then confined by an external FRP tube. This sectional configuration ensures that the steel tubes are well protected by the concrete and the FRP tube from corrosion, and that the concrete is well confined by both the steel tubes and the FRP tube, leading to a columns that is highly ductile- and corrosion-resistant. In addition, this sectional form allows the use of small circular steel tubes readily available in the market to form large columns. In this paper, a series of axial compression tests on stub columns are presented to demonstrate some of the expected advantages of the new column form.
<title>Performance Of A Digicon Photon-Counting Autoguider System</title> (1984)

The operation and performance of a Digicon-based autoguider system recently developed will be discussed. The photosensor is a twelve-channel, photon-counting Digicon specifically developed by SAI for this application. The design and implementation of the system will be discussed with an emphasis on the objective of developing a general purpose auto-guider system for a wide range of applications. Data will be presented on the Digicon performance, i.e., quantum efficiency, background count rate, and pulse counting performance. In addition, overall system guiding accuracy, dynamic range, and sensitivity will be detailed.
Solution of Power Flow With Automatic Load-Frequency Control Devices Including Wind Farms (2012)

This paper proposes the integration of steady-state models of several types of wind generators into a power flow algorithm with automatic load-frequency control. Since the system frequency deviation is considered a state variable to be computed by the power flow solution, this formulation helps identify the operating point of wind generators after the action of the primary frequency control when power imbalances have occurred. The mathematical formulation of fixed-speed wind generators is presented based on the steady-state representation of the induction generator. Furthermore, as variable-speed wind generators keep gaining prominence in power systems, their potential contribution to frequency support is also analyzed herein. These models are formulated within the power flow approach by using a unified single frame of reference and the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The proposed approach is then applied to the analysis of a three-machine, eight-bus system and the IEEE-14 bus test system.
Introduction to Dwdm Technology: Data in a Rainbow (1999)

"Companies and research labs worldwide are racing to develop Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology, a far-reaching advancement in the fiber optical communications field. To help you keep pace with these latest developments, this all-in-one resource brings you a clear, concise overview of the technology that is transporting and processing vast amounts of information at the speed of light. Until now, no book offered a practical introduction to DWDM advances. INTRODUCTION TO DWDM TECHNOLOGY will help you learn all the essentials for this emerging field: * Principles of physics underlying optical devices * Optical components needed to design optical and DWDM systems * Coding and decoding techniques used in optical communications * Overview of DWDM systems * State-of-the-art research trends Complete with four-color illustrations to show how devices work, this comprehensive book provides an invaluable discussion of DWDM basics necessary for practicing electrical engineers, optical systems designers, technical managers, and undergraduate students in optical communications. Go to htttp://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/press/Kartfm.pdf for a complete Table of Contents and a look at the Introduction. You can check out Chapter 5, "Optical Demultiplexers" by clicking on http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/press/KartCh5.pdf About the Author Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos is currently on the staff of the Optical Networks Group of Lucent Technologies, Bell Labs Innovations, formerly known as AT&T. His research interests include ATM and SONET/SDH systems, ultrafast pattern recognition, IP and DWDM, access enterprise systems, local area networks, fiber networks, satellite systems, intelligent signal processing, neural networks, and fuzzy logic. He holds several patents of which six patents (and six pending) are in communications and optical communications systems." Sponsored by: IEEE Communications Society
A simulation-based assessment of the revised NEMA NU-2 70 cm long test phantom for PET (2005)

A 70 cm long polyethylene cylinder of radius 10 cm containing an off-center line source has been suggested for the characterization of PET tomograph whole-body performance in terms of scatter fraction, sensitivity to randoms and count-rate capability. In this work we perform a series of Monte Carlo simulations of a full-ring BGO system operating in 3D mode and a full-ring sodium iodide system operating in 3D mode to determine how closely scatter fraction and NEC results from the 70 cm cylinder follow those found in anthropomorphic activity and attenuation distributions. We find that the 70 cm cylinder measurements correctly rank-order the tomographs in terms of scatter fraction and NEC performance, but do not always accurately predict the actual scatter fractions or the peak NEC values encountered in the anthropomorphic models. Peak NEC for the phantom occurs at around double the activity concentrations which give rise to peak NEC in the anthropomorphic objects.
On the characterization of agricultural soil roughness for radar remote sensing studies (2000)

The surface roughness parameters commonly used as inputs to electromagnetic surface scattering models (SPM, PO, GO, and IEM) are the root mean square (RMS) height s, and autocorrelation length l. However, soil moisture retrieval studies based on these models have yielded inconsistent results, not so much because of the failure of the models themselves, but because of the complexity of natural surfaces and the difficulty in estimating appropriate input roughness parameters. In this paper, the authors address the issue of soil roughness characterization in the case of agricultural fields having different tillage (roughness) states by making use of an extensive multisite database of surface profiles collected using a novel laser profiler capable of recording profiles up to 25 m long. Using this dataset, the range of RMS height and correlation values associated with each agricultural roughness state is estimated, and the dependence of these estimates on profile length is investigated. The results show that at spatial scales equivalent to those of the SAR resolution cell, agricultural surface roughness characteristics are well described by the superposition of a single scale process related to the tillage state with a multiscale random fractal process related to field topography.