gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized decorrelating discrete-time rake receiver (2007)

In this paper, we introduce the generalized decorrelating discrete-time RAKE receiver (GD-DTR) for single antenna systems and extend it to multi-antenna (e.g. MIMO) systems. The GD-DTR benefits from the correlated nature of multiple access interference while being robust against channel estimation errors. It is a combination of two other advanced RAKE reception methods namely, the discrete-time version of the generalized RAKE (G-RAKE) receiver and the decorrelating discrete-time RAKE receiver (D-DTR). The G-RAKE was proposed for correlated interference mitigation. The D-DTR improves performance in the presence of channel estimation errors in diffuse channels. Our results show that the performance of the discrete-time G-RAKE (G-DTR) could be worse than a conventional discrete-time RAKE receiver (C-DTR) when there are channel estimation errors in the system. Unlike G-DTR, our proposed GD-DTR provides gains up to 0.7 dB at a raw bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> in the presence of channel estimation errors compared to C-DTR. For the MIMO case, the gain of the MIMO GD-DTR compared to MIMO C-DTR are 1 dB and 1.1 dB at a raw bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> in 2 transmit 2 receive antenna (2times2) and 3times3 systems respectively, if there is no correlation between the antennas. For a highly correlated receive antenna case, the gain increases to 4 dB.
Pesticidal Formulations Research (1969)

The pesticidal formulations chemist combines inert ingredients with the active organic pesticide to make a composition that is easy to use, active, stable, and free of undesirable side effects. To accomplish this, the chemist studies the physical properties of the toxicant, reactivity of "inerts," performance of the formulation in application equipment, interaction of spray with the target, and final fate of the composition in the environment. Interaction of inert clays with pesticides may be studied by differential thermal analysis, acid strengths, and infrared analysis. Emulsifiable concentrates are best studied by investigating the physical properties of the emulsifier. Hydrophile-lipophile balance and micellization behavior are important. The penetration and translocation of herbicial sprays may be understood better by studying the passage of the active ingredient through semipermeable membranes.
Estimation and detection in OTDR using analyzing wavelets (2002)

An application of wavelet analysis to optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) is proposed for the first time. The estimation and detection of fibre events is based on the phase of the wavelet transform. The results show that, with this application, the performance of OTDR can be significantly improved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Vibration Tonometer (1970)

In the instrument presented a forced vibration is applied to the bulb and the counterpressure is measured. This is found to be strongly correlated to the intraocular pressure. Some properties of the instrument, which has been tested on living and enucleated eyes, are described.
Storm Clouds Rising: Security Challenges for IaaS Cloud Computing (2011)

Securing our digital assets has become increasingly challenging as our reliance on rapidly evolving technologies continues to grow. The security perimeter in computing has changed from a well-defined boundary that was relatively easy to identify and defend, to an elastic boundary that is constantly changing and for which the threats are constantly evolving. This paper investigates the complex security challenges that are introduced by the trend towards Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)-based cloud computing. While not exhaustive, it identifies some technological and legal issues and concerns from the perspectives of identified stakeholders, and suggests some future directions for security research and development to help advance the security posture of this technology.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent expansion of T-regulatory cells maintains mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis (2018)

IDO-dependent expansion of endogenous Tregs should be further explored as a new approach for the induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in patients with UC.
Activation of multiple cortical areas in response to somatosensory stimulation: Combined magnetoencephalographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging (1999)

We combined information from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to assess which cortical areas and in which temporal order show macroscopic activation after right median nerve stimulation. Five healthy subjects were studied with the two imaging modalities, which both revealed significant activation in the contra- and ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex (SI), the contra- and ipsilateral opercular areas, the walls of the contralateral postcentral sulcus (PoCS), and the contralateral supplementary motor area (SMA). In fMRI, two separate foci of activation in the opercular cortex were discerned, one posteriorly in the parietal operculum (PO), and one anteriorly near the insula or frontal operculum (anterior operculum, AO). The activation sites from fMRI were used to constrain the solution of the inverse problem of MEG, which allowed us to construct a model of the temporal sequence of activation of the different sites. According to this model, the mean onset latency for significant activation at the contralateral SI was 20 msec (range, 17-22 msec), followed by activation of PoCS at 23 msec (range, 21-25 msec). The contralateral PO was activated at 26 msec (range, 19-32 msec) and AO at 33 msec (range, 22-51 msec). The contralateral SMA became active at 36 msec (range, 24-48 msec). The ipsilateral SI, PO, and AO became activated at 54-67 msec. We conclude that fMRI provides a useful means to constrain the inverse problem of MEG, allowing the construction of spatiotemporal models of cortical activation, which may have significant implications for the understanding of cortical network functioning.
Role of thromboxane A2 in the hypotensive effect of captopril in essential hypertension. (1988)

We have previously reported that captopril stimulates thromboxane A2 synthesis in patients with essential hypertension. In the present study, the hypotensive effects of captopril and OKY-046, a selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase, were studied in nine patients with essential hypertension to determine whether thromboxane A2 is involved in the regulation of blood pressure. A single oral dose of OKY-046 (400 mg) decreased urinary thromboxane B2 (a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2) excretion significantly (from 113 +/- 19.0 to 51.0 +/- 6.1 pg/min; p less than 0.01) and increased urinary sodium excretion significantly (from 73.0 +/- 15.3 to 113.0 +/- 14.4 microEq/min; p less than 0.01), but no change was observed in mean arterial pressure. The administration of OKY-046 (600 mg/day) for 3 days induced a significant and sustained decrease in urinary thromboxane B2 excretion, but it did not affect the mean arterial pressure. Although captopril (50 mg) alone induced a significant increase in urinary thromboxane B2 excretion (from 91.4 +/- 11.0 to 297.3 +/- 30.8 pg/min; p less than 0.001) and a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (from 97.0 +/- 4.7 to 88.1 +/- 5.1 mm Hg; p less than 0.01), captopril in combination with OKY-046 induced a decrease both in urinary thromboxane B2 excretion (from 70.8 +/- 12.3 to 54.2 +/- 14.7 pg/min; p less than 0.01) and in mean arterial pressure (from 105.1 +/- 3.8 to 84.2 +/- 3.6 mm Hg; p less than 0.01). Thus, the hypotensive effect of captopril was potentiated by OKY-046. OKY-046 did not affect the changes in plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration and blunted urinary prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha excretion in response to captopril. These results indicate that thromboxane A2 counteracts the hypotensive effect of captopril in patients with essential hypertension.
Style 410 Cohesive Silicone Breast Implants: Safety and Effectiveness at 5 to 9 Years after Implantation (2006)

The authors' findings support the long-term safety and effectiveness of Inamed Style 410 cohesive breast implants and demonstrate a low prevalence of rupture.
Inverse convection problem of simultaneous estimation of two boundary heat fluxes in parallel plate channels (2001)

This paper deals with the use of the conjugate gradient method of function estimation for the simultaneous identification of two unknown boundary heat fluxes in parallel plate channels. The fluid flow is assumed to be laminar and hydrodynamically developed. Temperature measurements taken inside the channel are used in the inverse analysis. The accuracy of the present solution approach is examined by using simulated measurements containing random errors, for strict cases involving functional forms with discontinuities and sharp-corners for the unknown functions. Three different types of inverse problems are addressed in the paper, involving the estimation of: (i) Spatially dependent heat fluxes; (ii) Time-dependent heat fluxes; and (iii) Time and spatially dependent heat fluxes.
Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer to photocoagulation-induced choroidal neovascular membranes. (1998)

To determine the feasibility of experimental gene transfer to laser-induced choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) in rats, with a retroviral vector containing the reporter construct beta-galactosidase (beta-gal).Laser photocoagulation was used to induce CNVM in rats. To ascertain the duration of beta-gal expression in the CNVM, 23 rats received 10 burns (75 microm, 100 mW, 0.1 seconds) in their right eyes, and beta-gal expression was examined from day 3 to 4 months. In addition, 14 pigmented rats were treated with 3 photocoagulation burns in their right eyes. beta-gal vector was injected into the vitreous or subretinal space 2 days later. On day 14, fluorescein angiography was performed to detect choroidal neovascularization. Then, beta-gal expression in each photocoagulation-induced CNVM was examined by observing the exposed fundus of the eyes stained with the beta-gal substrate X-Gal.beta-gal expression was identified in the CNVM induced by photocoagulation from day 5 (16.2% +/- 6.8% of the lesions) to 4 months (3.7% +/- 2.4%). Histopathologic examination revealed beta-gal-transduced macrophages and spindle-shaped cells, which amounted to 1.12% +/- 0.58% (at 2 weeks) of the total cells in the CNVM. beta-gal expression was restricted to the CNVM, and there was no beta-gal transduction in surrounding normal retinochoroidal tissue. There was no correlation between choroidal neovascularization formation and beta-gal expression.The feasibility of gene transduction targeted to the photocoagulation-induced CNVM was demonstrated using retroviral vectors. By transducing functional genes, this model could be useful for investigating the possibility of gene therapy to inhibit formation of the CNVM in age-related macular degeneration.
Endogenous Tariff Formation with Intra-Industry Trade (2002)

Previous theoretical contributions on endogenous tariff formation have focused on trade models with homogeneous goods and constant returns to scale. This paper investigates the political equilibrium of trade policy when economic structure is instead characterized by differentiated products and increasing returns to scale and there exists intra-industry trade. The result shows that endogenous tariffs are positive for all industries with non-negligible shares of world production. However, the level of protection is less than the optimal tariff that would otherwise be imposed by a benevolent government in an unorganized industry, and higher in an organized industry. The protection provided to all unorganized (organized) industries increases (falls) with the relative weight the government attaches to aggregate welfare vis-`a-vis campaign contributions and falls with the fraction of the population that belongs to a lobby group. The model also indicates that the endogenous tariff level in an organized industry might be explosive. The higher is the fraction of the population represented by a lobby and the higher is the weight on aggregate welfare in the government’s objective function, the smaller is the possibility for such an explosive tariff.
Heteroepitaxial Growth of Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride Templated by Graphene Edges (2014)

By adapting the concept of epitaxy to two-dimensional space, we show the growth of a single-atomic-layer, in-plane heterostructure of a prototypical material system--graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Monolayer crystalline h-BN grew from fresh edges of monolayer graphene with atomic lattice coherence, forming an abrupt one-dimensional interface, or boundary. More important, the h-BN lattice orientation is solely determined by the graphene, forgoing configurations favored by the supporting copper substrate.
A High Throughput Luminescent Assay for Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 <i>β</i> Inhibitors (2007)

A high throughput luminescent assay based on the Kinase-Glo() system (Promega, Madison, WI) has been developed for screening against glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta). Careful optimization of assay parameters allowed us to develop a robust, reproducible, and sensitive assay. Its usefulness has been demonstrated in a high throughput screening run when screening 55,000 compounds. This campaign yielded five chemical classes of hits, including several highly potent GSK-3beta inhibitors.
Numerical Solutions for the Simulation of Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (1997)

The electric properties of monolithic microwave integrated circuits can be described in terms of their scattering matrix using Maxwellian equations. The corresponding three-dimensional boundary value problem of Maxwell’s equations can be solved by means of a finite-volume scheme in the frequency domain. This results in a two-step procedure: a time and memory consuming eigenvalue problem for nonsymmetric matrices and the solution of a large-scale system of linear equations with indefinite symmetric matrices. Improved numerical solutions for these two linear algebraic problems are treated.
An Overview of Diarrhea in the Patient Receiving Enteral Nutrition (2002)

Many healthcare providers associate enteral tube feedings with diarrhea. Research suggests an incidence of diarrhea in patients receiving enteral tube feedings of 2% to 63%. This wide variation in incidence is due, in part, to the lack of a universal definition of diarrhea and other suspected factors that influence stool output such as malabsorption, infection, bacterial contamination of the feeding, medical diagnosis of the patient, medication therapy, or formula-related causes. An understanding of digestion, the role of fiber and fat in the diet, and the control for other influences will aid nurses in identifying interventions that promote a normal stool consistency in patients receiving enteral tube feedings. The need for further research regarding the causes and management of diarrhea is also supported.
Pilot Plant Studies on Biological Sulphate Removal from Industrial Effluent (1991)

Sulphate-rich industrial effluents present a serious environmental pollution problem. A biological sulphate removal process has been developed for the treatment of such effluents. In this process, sulphate is converted to hydrogen sulphide in the anaerobic stage when an energy source, such as molasses, sugar or producer gas is added. The hydrogen sulphide is stripped off in a stripping stage, with a carrier gas such as nitrogen. The gas is recycled through a ferric solution where it is oxidized to elemental sulphur. In a subsequent aerobic stage, degradation of organic carbon residuals and calcium carbonate crystallization are achieved simultaneously. In this study the anaerobic stage of the process was evaluated on pilot scale. After the inoculation period, sulphate was removed continuously for a period of 100 days from 2200 mg/l to below 200 mg/l. For the first part of the study acetic acid served as energy source as the sugar content of molasses was allowed to ferment. Thereafter fresh molasses was supplied as energy source and the bacterial culture had to adapt to utilize sugar in molasses as energy source. A volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration of 27 g/l was present in the packing material of the anaerobic reactor. With this VSS-value, a hydraulic retention time of 12 hours was needed for sulphate removal.
How to Build Intelligent Interactive Agents Using Soar (2019)

Soar has been under development for over two decades as an architecture for building intelligent systems and human behavior models. Recent research and development activity with Soar has emphasized building competent, autonomous agents that interact with realistic and complex simulated environments. This tutorial will teach some of the methods that we use to design and engineer such behavior models. Instead of focusing on strict cognitive modeling, this tutorial will discuss the complexities that autonomous behavior and real-time interaction impose on a model. It will not involve intensive programming of intelligent agents, but will concentrate on higher level issues of task analysis, knowledge representation, process-oriented modeling, and knowledge acquisition. Many of these activities are useful to learn even if one does not use Soar to implement models, but the tutorial will also demonstrate the ways that Soar approaches and informs (and sometimes exacerbates) these tasks. To this end, tutorial participants will study and tweak a variety of interactive behavior models, and learn techniques for representing knowledge and behavior in Soar. They will also gain experience with some of the new development tools that support Soar modeling. Tutorial participants do not need an extensive background in programming.
Amplified Spontaneous Emission and External Signal Amplification in an Inverted Medium (1973)

An improved version of the theory of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is presented and shown to be satisfied by experimental data obtained using the 3.39-\ensuremath{\mu}m transition of He-Ne. The new approach allows the effect of an external signal injected at one end of the system to be investigated and its influence on both the positive-going and negative-going waves to be calculated for He-Ne. A special case occurs when the injected signal is replaced by a mirror which reflects the negative-going wave back into the medium and the theory of this commonly occurring laboratory system is experimentally verified at 3.39 \ensuremath{\mu}m. The treatment allows the importance of the interaction between spontaneous and stimulated emission to be considered. The beam divergence predicted by the theory is evaluated and compared with experiment. The spectral distribution for a pure ASE system is considered, as is the distribution of inversion which results from the positive- and negative-going waves and which is shown to have minima at the medium extremities. Finally the implications of this work for the problem of interstellar OH emission is considered.
Relationship between the Adrenal Cortex and Radiation Sickness (1952)

It has long been theorized that the adrenal gland is associated in some way with radiation sickness (4, 7, 10, 12, 19, 25, 27, 33, 34) or with some of the effects of radiation (15, 16, 19, 23, 25). In the earlier years, the adrenal medulla was studied extensively as a possible source of information (7, 19, 23); more recently attention has shifted to the adrenal cortex (4, 12, 15, 16, 25, 27, 33, 34), which as early as 1922 was suggested as a potential factor by Hirsch (10) and others. The theories on the relationship of the adrenal to radiation effects have been based on highly suggestive clinical, morphologic and pharmacologic findings. When these are assimilated in the light of present knowledge, the evidence becomes even more provocative. Some of the earliest work was done by Hirsch, who used anterior pituitary extracts and adrenal cortical extracts to prevent radiation sickness with some success, but found that posterior pituitary extracts had no apparent effect. Desjardins (7) quoted Tsuzuki as showing in 1926 that in rabbits given a lethal dose of radiation there could be demonstrated at autopsy (1) reduction of the fat content in the adrenal cortex, (2) degeneration of medullary cells, and, after extreme doses, (3) atrophy of the medulla. The highly significant work of Leblond and Segal (16) demonstrated convincingly that heavy irradiation of lymphatic tissue, with adequate shielding of the rest of the body, will produce hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex and involution of distant lymphatic organs, while in adrenalectomized subjects such involution does not occur. Martin, Rogers and Fisher (19) quoted Arrillaza and Izzo as describing a case of Addison's disease in which the patient died five days after receiving a routine series of x-ray treatments to a carcinoma of the tonsil. Attributing this to a lack of adrenalin, they heavily irradiated the remaining adrenal gland of a dog from which one adrenal had been removed. The irradiation was carried out through an operative wound, allowing a close target-subject distance. The dog suffered no ill effects, and autopsy twenty-six days later showed complete destruction of the adrenal medulla with viable islands of cortex surrounded by bands of fibrous tissue. Warren (33) reported that leukopenia and loss of lipoid from the adrenal cortex were common findings in the victims of the atomic bombing. He could not be sure, however, that these morphologic findings were not the result of “alarm” stimuli other than irradiation. Weichert (34) noted the striking similarity between Addison's disease and severe irradiation sickness and theorized that the toxic products of protein breakdown in irradiation produce a relative adrenal cortical insufficiency. He observed improvement in his patients after administration of desoxycorticosterone. Craver (4), from observations on mice, postulated that the adrenal cortex was necessary in some way to repair the general tissue damage resulting from irradiation.
Implementation of a New Self-Tuning Fuzzy PID Controller on PLC (2005)

In this study, the self-tuning method for fuzzy PID controllers that has been developed in a previous study of the authors is implemented on PLC in order to control some standard processes formed on FEEDBACK PCS 327 Process Control Simulator. In this tuning method, the input scaling factor corresponding to the derivative coefficient and the output scaling factor corresponding to the integral coefficient of the fuzzy PID controller are adjusted using a fuzzy inference mechanism with a new input called ``normalized acceleration&amp;apos;&amp;apos;. The results of the implementation have been compared with those of the classical fuzzy PID controller without a tuning mechanism and it has been observed that the tuning mechanism decreases the oscillations and the settling time while providing smoother system responses also in real time application.