gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-strand DNA Aptamers as Probes for Protein Localization in Cells (2003)

The accurate localization of proteins in fixed cells is important for many studies in cell biology, but good fixation is often antagonistic to good immunolabeling, given the density of well-preserved cells and the size of most labeled antibody probes. We therefore explored the use of single-stranded oligonucleotides (aptamers), which can bind to proteins with very high affinity and specificity but which are only approximately 10 kD. To evaluate these probes for general protein localization, we sought an aptamer that binds to a widely used protein tag, the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Although this quest was not successful, we were able to solve several practical problems that will confront any such labeling effort, e.g., the rates at which oligonucleotides enter fixed cells of different kinds and the extent of nonspecific oligonucleotide binding to both mammalian and yeast cell structures. Because such localization methods would be of particular value for electron microscopy of optimally fixed material, we also explored the solubility of aptamers under conditions suitable for freeze-substitution fixation. We found that aptamers are sufficiently soluble in cold organic solvents to encourage the view that this approach may be useful for the localization of specific proteins in context of cellular fine structure.
THE ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE INDUCED BY ANTI-CD4 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY IN THE MURINE MODEL1 (1993)

Transplantation tolerance can be induced in the adult mouse by the selective manipulation of the CD4+ T cell subset. C3H/He recipients with prolonged survival (> 120 days) of C57BL/10 cardiac allografts induced by treatment, at the time of transplantation, with the anti-CD4 mAb, YTS 191.1, were skin grafted simultaneously with donor-specific and third-party (BALB/c) skin. The development of donor-specific tolerance was proved by the specific prolongation of C57BL/10 skin graft survival, while third-party grafts were rejected. Further investigation of recipients with long-term surviving primary heart allografts showed that donor-specific tolerance was associated with organ-specific differences. Secondary cardiac allografts were universally accepted, even at 42 days after the primary heart transplant, while prolonged survival of donor-specific skin grafts was not obtained until more than 120 days after primary cardiac transplantation. Analysis of leukocyte reactivity in the mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) showed no correlation between the proliferative response of recipient T cells in vitro to either donor or third-party alloantigen and the survival of either heart of skin allografts. These results illustrate the significant challenge presented when attempting to define and assess accurately the state of transplantation tolerance.
The selenium metabolite selenodiglutathione induces p<sup>53</sup> and apoptosis: relevance to the chemopreventive effects of selenium? (1994)

Selenodiglutathione (SDG), the initial metabolite of selenite, is shown to be a more powerful inhibitor of cell growth in vitro than selenite itself. This has been established both with mouse erythroleukaemia (MEL) cells and an ovarian cell line (A2780) which is known to contain wild-type p53. Other seleno-compounds, such as selenomethyl selenocysteine (SMS) and dimethyl selenoxide (DMS), which are potent chemopreventive agents and are known to be metabolized to methylated selenium derivatives directly rather than via SDG, are also growth inhibitory to both MEL and A2780 cells, although less so than SDG or selenite. However, cells growth-inhibited by DMS are more viable than cells growth-inhibited to the same extent by SDG or selenite, suggesting that the methylated seleno-compounds may inhibit cell growth in a different manner from that of SDG or selenite. Our studies of the mechanism of growth inhibition by SDG, have established two facts. First, SDG induces p53 protein levels in cells that contain wild-type p53 (A2780 cells), suggesting that SDG induces the DNA damage-recognition pathway. Secondly, SDG induces apoptosis in MEL cells, as judged by flow cytometry and formation of nucleosomal DNA ladders. However, since p53 mutations have been found to be targetted events in all MEL cells examined, our evidence suggests that induction of apoptosis by SDG is not absolutely dependent on the p53 response pathway.
High-temperature CW operation of InGaAsP-InP semi-insulating buried heterostructure lasers using reactive ion-etching technique (1995)

We fabricated 1.5-μm semi-insulating buried heterostructure (SI-BH) lasers with InGaAsP-InP strained-layer multiple-quantum wells using a reactive ion etching (RIE) technique for mesa definition. A very high CW operating temperature of 150/spl deg/C was obtained in a 300-μm-long laser whose rear facet was HR-coated.
Blue light (470 nm) effectively inhibits bacterial and fungal growth (2012)

Light from two arrays of different blue LEDs significantly reduced bacterial (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Bacillus atrophaeus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) viabilities. Significant in vitro viability loss was observed for the filamentous fungi, Penicillium digitatum and Fusarium graminearum when exposed to pure blue light only plus a photosensitizer. F. graminearum viability was significantly reduced by blue light alone. Results suggest that (i) the amount of significant loss in bacterial viability observed for blue light that is pure or with traces of other wavelengths is genus dependent and (ii) depending on fungal genera, pure blue light is fungicidal with or without a photosensitizer.
Kinetics of the adsorption of bovine serum albumin of white wine model solutions onto activated carbon and alumina : research article (2010)

This study investigates the kinetics of adsorption of bovine serum albumin, BSA, in white wine model solutions onto activated carbon, AC, and alumina, AL. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were applied to determine the rate and mechanism of adsorption of the white wine protein during the haze removal process. The results showed that the average amount of adsorbed BSA onto AC was 1.10 ± 0.07 times higher than that onto AL. Statistical analysis by two-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in the amount of BSA adsorbed onto the two adsorbents, but a statistically significant difference existed in the amount adsorbed by variation of incubation time. A positive correlation exists between the amounts of BSA adsorbed onto AC and AL. The kinetics of the adsorption were found to be based on the assumption of an intra-particle diffusion-controlled pseudo-second order mechanism, with adsorption rate constants being higher at lower adsorbate concentrations.
Cellulose nanocrystallites as an efficient support for nanoparticles of palladium: application for catalytichydrogenation and Heck coupling under mild conditions (2010)

We report herein the synthesis of a new hybrid material, PdNPs@CNCs consisting of monodisperse Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) evenly deposited onto colloidal cellulose nanocrystallites (CNCs). This material proved an active catalyst for the hydrogenation reaction of phenol to cyclohexanone in water as a solvent, at room temperature, under 4 bar of dihydrogen. Moreover, the catalyst perfomed well in the Heck coupling of styrene and iodobenzene in a hydro-organic mixture. CNCs constitute a highly crystalline, ordered and yet accessible green material easily obtained from wood pulp. This work demonstrates the possibility of using colloidal CNCs as an efficient support for catalysis.
Film evaporation from a micro-grooved surface - An approximate heat transfer model and its comparison with experimental data (1990)

An analytical model is presented that can be used to predict the heat-transfer characteristics of film evaporation on a microgroove surface. The model assumes that the liquid flow along a V-shaped groove channel is driven primarily by the capillary pressure difference due to the receding of the meniscus toward the apex of the groove, and the flow up the groove side wall is driven by the disjoining pressure difference. It also assumes that conduction across the thin liquid film is the dominant mechanism of heat transfer. A correlation between the Nusselt number and a nondimensional parameter ¥ is developed from this model which relates the heat transfer for the microgroove surface to the fluid properties, groove geometry, and the constants for the disjoining pressure relation. The results of a limited experimental study of the heat transfer during vaporization of a liquid coolant on a microgroove surface are also reported. Film-evaporation transfer coefficients inferred from these experiments are found to correlate fairly well in terms of Nusselt number and ¥ parameter format developed in the model. The results of this study suggest that disjoining pressure differences may play a central role in evaporation processes in microgroove channels.
Critical Reasons for Crashes Investigated in the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (2015)

The National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (NMVCCS), conducted from 2005 to 2007, was aimed at collecting on-scene information about the events and associated factors leading up to crashes involving light vehicles. Several facets of crash occurrence were investigated during data collection, namely the pre-crash movement, critical pre-crash event, critical reason, and the associated factors. A weighted sample of 5,470 crashes was investigated over a period of two and a half years, which represents an estimated 2,189,000 crashes nationwide. About 4,031,000 vehicles, 3,945,000 drivers, and 1,982,000 passengers were estimated to have been involved in these crashes. The critical reason, which is the last event in the crash causal chain, was assigned to the driver in 94 percent (±2.2%)† of the crashes. In about 2 percent (±0.7%) of the crashes, the critical reason was assigned to a vehicle component’s failure or degradation, and in 2 percent (±1.3%) of crashes, it was attributed to the environment (slick roads, weather, etc.). Among an estimated 2,046,000 drivers who were assigned critical reasons, recognition errors accounted for about 41 percent (±2.1%), decision errors 33 percent (±3.7%), and performance errors 11 percent (±2.7%) of the crashes.
Long-lived epithelial immunity by tissue-resident memory T (T <sub>RM</sub> ) cells in the absence of persisting local antigen presentation (2012)

Although circulating memory T cells provide enhanced protection against pathogen challenge, they often fail to do so if infection is localized to peripheral or extralymphoid compartments. In those cases, it is T cells already resident at the site of virus challenge that offer superior immune protection. These tissue-resident memory T (T(RM)) cells are identified by their expression of the α-chain from the integrin α(E)(CD103)β(7), and can exist in disequilibrium with the blood, remaining in the local environment long after peripheral infections subside. In this study, we demonstrate that long-lived intraepithelial CD103(+)CD8(+) T(RM) cells can be generated in the absence of in situ antigen recognition. Local inflammation in skin and mucosa alone resulted in enhanced recruitment of effector populations and their conversion to the T(RM) phenotype. The CD8(+) T(RM) cells lodged in these barrier tissues provided long-lived protection against local challenge with herpes simplex virus in skin and vagina challenge models, and were clearly superior to the circulating memory T-cell cohort. The results demonstrate that peripheral T(RM) cells can be generated and survive in the absence of local antigen presentation and provide a powerful means of achieving immune protection against peripheral infection.
Reflectionsion Unit Beat Policing (1968)

In this article Mr. Gregory examines the implications of Unit Beat Policing in the light of experience and of experiments carried out by his Branch.
Identification of a Domain in the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Determining Gq Coupling by the Use of Receptor Chimeras (1995)

The angiotensin II type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) receptors belong to the seven transmembrane receptor superfamily. Previous studies have suggested that the AT1R couples to a Gq signaling pathway, whereas the AT2R does not associate with Gq. To identify the role that individual intracellular domains play in AT1R function, AT1R/AT2R chimeric receptors were prepared by substitution of intracellular loops. CHO cells expressing these chimeras were used to test angiotensin II-induced c-fos expression and Ca2+ mobilization which are involved in the AT1R signaling pathway through Gq coupling. Substitution of the second intracellular loop (IC2) and the cytoplasmic tail between the two receptors did not affect AT1R function. However, exchange of the third intracellular loop (IC3) resulted in the loss of function in the AT1R and conferred to the AT2R the ability to constitutively activate the fos promoter. These findings suggest that the third intracellular loop of the AT1R is critical for Gq coupling. Substitution of discrete amino acid sequences of the third intracellular loop indicate that its N-terminal and C-terminal portions, especially the seven amino acids 219-225 in the N-terminal portion, are important for AT1R function, and that the intermediate portion of this loop is not required for Gq coupling.
Species Diversity of Seed‐Eating Desert Rodents in Sand Dune Habitats (1973)

The seed—eating rodent faunas were sampled on 18 dunes of semistabilized, wind—drifted sand in eastern California, Nevada, and western Utah. These dunes were similar in general appearance and in the form and spacing of vegetation, yet the number of common species of granivorous rodents ranged from 1 to 5. The faunas of all dunes were characterized by a regular spacing of body sizes, and the difference in size between coexisting species was inversely related to the number of species present. Differences in species diversity between dunes can be attributed to ecological, biogeographic, and evolutionary processes. A common pool of species had equal opportunity to colonize 13 of the dunes. The numbers of species inhabiting these dunes are determined primarily by ecological factors. Species diversity is most closely correlated with the predictable amount of annual rainfall, the best available estimate of the abundance of seeds. At least three dunes apparently are biogeographically depauperate; biogeographic barriers have prevented colonization of particular species that probably could exist on those dunes. Two of the dunes occur at high altitudes and these appear to be depauperate in an evolutionary sense; although these dunes seem to be capable of supporting additional rodent species, it is likely that no existing species possess the adaptations necessary to colonize them.
The clinical study of combined therapy with bladder preservation for invasive bladder cancer (2009)

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the combined therapy with bladder preservation for patients with invasive bladder cancer. Methods 74 cases of invasive bladder cancer patients of different sta-ges and grades were divided into two groups randomly. The 42 patients of control group received radical bladder cystectomy, while the 32 patients of the combined therapy group implemented twice intra-artery infusion chemo-therapy before the operation of partial cystectomy or TUR-Bt and bladder infusion chemotherapy postoperatively. All the patients were followed up for 5 years, and the survival rate of the two groups was compared. Results The 5 years survival rate were 61.9% and 56.3% in the control group and the combined therapy group respectively, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The combined therapy with bladder preservation for invasive bladder cancer was an effective way to cure invasive bladder cancer.

Key words: 
Invasive bladder cance; Bladder preservation; Therapy
Modeling electroencephalography waveforms with semi-supervised deep belief nets: fast classification and anomaly measurement (2011)

Clinical electroencephalography (EEG) records vast amounts of human complex data yet is still reviewed primarily by human readers. Deep belief nets (DBNs) are a relatively new type of multi-layer neural network commonly tested on two-dimensional image data but are rarely applied to times-series data such as EEG. We apply DBNs in a semi-supervised paradigm to model EEG waveforms for classification and anomaly detection. DBN performance was comparable to standard classifiers on our EEG dataset, and classification time was found to be 1.7-103.7 times faster than the other high-performing classifiers. We demonstrate how the unsupervised step of DBN learning produces an autoencoder that can naturally be used in anomaly measurement. We compare the use of raw, unprocessed data--a rarity in automated physiological waveform analysis--with hand-chosen features and find that raw data produce comparable classification and better anomaly measurement performance. These results indicate that DBNs and raw data inputs may be more effective for online automated EEG waveform recognition than other common techniques.
New variants in the apolipoprotein AV gene in individuals with extreme triglyceride levels. (2004)

Animal studies (on transgenic and knock-out mice) and human association analysis assessed the importance of APOAV gene for plasma triglyceride determination. New APOAV missense variants (Val153 --> Met and Cys185 --> Gly) have been detected recently. We have analyzed these variants in 83 unrelated patients with extreme lipid parameters (triglycerides of 20.4+/-2.8 mmol/l and total cholesterol of 10.4+/-3.7 mmol/l) and in a control population group consisting of 2,559 unrelated Caucasians. In patients, the frequency of the Met153 carriers was slightly but not significantly higher (9.64 % vs. 6.49 %) compared to the population sample. This suggested that Val153 Met polymorphism in the APOAV gene does not represent an important risk factor for developing the extreme levels of plasma triglycerides. We did not detect carriers of the Gly185 allele among patients or 420 healthy individuals. We suppose that this variant is probably not present in Caucasian populations
Two Immunologically Distinct Human DNA Polymerase α-Primase Subpopulations Are Involved in Cellular DNA Replication (2001)

Metabolic labeling of primate cells revealed the existence of phosphorylated and hypophosphorylated DNA polymerase alpha-primase (Pol-Prim) populations that are distinguishable by monoclonal antibodies. Cell cycle studies showed that the hypophosphorylated form was found in a complex with PP2A and cyclin E-Cdk2 in G1, whereas the phosphorylated enzyme was associated with a cyclin A kinase in S and G2. Modification of Pol-Prim by PP2A and Cdks regulated the interaction with the simian virus 40 origin-binding protein large T antigen and thus initiation of DNA replication. Confocal microscopy demonstrated nuclear colocalization of hypophosphorylated Pol-Prim with MCM2 in S phase nuclei, but its presence preceded 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. The phosphorylated replicase exclusively colocalized with the BrdU signal, but not with MCM2. Immunoprecipitation experiments proved that only hypophosphorylated Pol-Prim associated with MCM2. The data indicate that the hypophosphorylated enzyme initiates DNA replication at origins, and the phosphorylated form synthesizes the primers for the lagging strand of the replication fork.
Relationship between growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin in the rat: effects of age and sex on content and in-vitro release from hypothalamic explants (1989)

Secretion of GH in the rat has been shown to be dependent upon age and sex. Using rat hypothalamic explants in vitro, we have studied the release and hypothalamic content of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin in male and female Wistar rats at four different ages (10, 30 and 75 days, and 14 months). Basal release of GHRH was not significantly different between male and female rats, but at all ages males released more GHRH in response to stimulation by both 28 and 56 mmol potassium/l than female rats (P less than 0.05). Neither basal nor potassium-stimulated release of GHRH altered with age. In contrast, both basal and potassium-stimulated secretion of somatostatin increased significantly (P less than 0.01) with age, but was the same in the two sexes. Hypothalamic GHRH content, as assessed by the extractable tissue content following incubation, was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in 10-day-old rats compared with older rats, but remained constant after 30 days of age. Somatostatin content, in contrast, increased progressively with age (P less than 0.01). The hypothalamic content of the two peptides was the same in both sexes. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that male rats release more GHRH in vitro than female rats, possibly reflecting the increased pulse amplitude of GH seen in males in vivo; the progressive fall in secretion of GH previously reported during ageing appears to parallel the progressive increase in somatostatin release and content seen in our in-vitro system.
Effect of sirolimus on urinary bladder cancer T24 cell line (2009)

Sirolimus has an anti-proliferation effect on the T24 bladder carcinoma cell line. The information from our results is useful for a better understanding sirolimus's anti-proliferative activity in the T24 bladder cancer cell line.
Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase Activity in the Human Term Placenta (1988)

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) characteristics and activity were studied using radioenzymatic techniques in placentas from normal and high-risk patients at term. The affinity of the catechol estrogen 20-hydroxyestrone (2OHE1), Km = 5 microM, for the enzyme was found to be at least 90-fold higher than that of the catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine (450, 490, and 850 microM, respectively). The product formed after incubation of placental cytosol with tritiated 20HE1 was identified as being exclusively (3H) 2-methoxyestrone, by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Placental COMT activity after normal spontaneous delivery was no different from that obtained after elective cesarean section (270 +/- 20 versus 275 +/- 27, expressed as mean +/- SE activity nanomoles of 2-methoxyestrone formed per hour/mg protein). Placental COMT activity at term in women with hypertension (toxemia [T] or chronic hypertension [CHBP]) was significantly lower than in control subjects (284 +/- 27 versus 183 +/- 26; P less than 0.05). No significant differences in enzyme activity were found between T and CHBP (175 +/- 37 versus 210 +/- 32, P = NS). There were also no differences in COMT activity of diabetic classes A-R (White classification), fetal distress (with or without acidosis), and controls. The possible interference of antihypertensive drugs used by the patients in the study on COMT activity was assessed. Incubations of healthy placental cytosol with hydralazine, methyldopa, and Mg++ in their estimated plasma therapeutic concentrations had no effect on placental COMT activity. The present study suggests that placental COMT activity is low in patients with hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)