gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An analysis of simplified solutions for multiple knife-edge diffraction (1984)

A consideration of the diffraction angles used for the case of two knife-edge obstacles shows the pessimism of the solution proposed by Deygout in the determination of the total path loss when the hills have the same individual loss and are close to each other. This consideration is used to discuss a new approximation to compute the multiple diffraction losses of VHF/UHF radio waves over sharp ridges or hills, which yields very good estimates of the received signal level. The analytical basis for the method of Deygout, taking into account the rigorous spectral diffraction theory outside the transition regions surrounding the shadow boundaries, is used to explain the suggested modification. Two example paths are presented and an error smaller than 0.9 dB between the predictions and the measured values has been reported.
FIBRINOLYSIS IN HUMAN FOETUSES (1970)

Summary The fibrinolytic system was studied in blood from 74 human foetuses in the 12th to 24th gestational week and with crown‐heel lengths between 10 and 32 cm. Plasminogen could be demonstrated in all foetuses in an amount equal to about 20 per cent of that in adults. There was also a definite plasminogen activator activity and a remarkable fibrinolytic capacity. The α 2 ‐macro‐globulin content was about 30 per cent of that in adults, while progressive antiplasmin was at, and the inhibitors of plasminogen activationabove, adult level. The fibrinolytic system develops early in intrauterine life. Like other enzyme systems essential to life, it must serve some physiologic purpose, presumably to keep the foetomaternal circulation patent.
Episodic Memory: From Mind to Brain (2002)

Episodic memory is a neurocognitive (brain/mind) system, uniquely different from other memory systems, that enables human beings to remember past experiences. The notion of episodic memory was first proposed some 30 years ago. At that time it was defined in terms of materials and tasks. It was subsequently refined and elaborated in terms of ideas such as self, subjective time, and autonoetic consciousness. This chapter provides a brief history of the concept of episodic memory, describes how it has changed (indeed greatly changed) since its inception, considers criticisms of it, and then discusses supporting evidence provided by (a) neuropsychological studies of patterns of memory impairment caused by brain damage, and (b) functional neuroimaging studies of patterns of brain activity of normal subjects engaged in various memory tasks. I also suggest that episodic memory is a true, even if as yet generally unappreciated, marvel of nature.
Reactivity of γδ T Cells Induced by the Tumour Cell Line RPMI 8226: Functional Heterogeneity of Clonal Populations and Role of GroEL Heat Shock Proteins (1992)

The human tumour cell lines RPMI 8226 and Daudi are potent inducers of V gamma 9-expressing T cells. The inducing element of RPMI 8226 has not been defined but evidence suggests that a member of the GroEL heat shock protein (HSP) family (HSP 58) may have a role in the induction by Daudi cells. The present study examined the reactivity patterns of gamma delta T-cell clones generated in response to RPMI 8226 and addressed the possible role of HSP 58 in this process. RPMI 8226 induced a population of V gamma 9 TCR+ cells which were heterogeneous in terms of their cell surface markers, patterns of proliferation and cytotoxic responses. All clones expressed CD3, CD2, CD18 and CD29. They demonstrated variability in expression of CD56, CD8 and HLA-DR. RPMI 8226 stimulated proliferation in purified bulk gamma delta cultures and clones. Daudi was also capable of inducing these cells to proliferate while mycobacterial products were not effective. The clones demonstrated a limited non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity pattern with some evidence of clonal heterogeneity. Although both Daudi and RPMI 8226 were sensitive to lysis by the clones, cold inhibition experiments indicated differential activity towards these targets. Anti-HSP 58 was inhibitory to gamma delta T-cell induction by RPMI 8226, Daudi and mycobacterial products. However, the anti-HSP 58 antibody appears to bind to the surface of at least six different tumour cell lines with no correlation to their ability to induce gamma delta T cells and the anti-HSP 58 inhibited non-gamma delta responses.
Next Generation Expandable Liner Applications (2004)

Abstract Expandable tubular technology is gradually becoming mainstream. However, many of the early products released to the industry utilized basic expansion concepts and their designs were compromised by the reliance on conventional techniques such as cementing. This paper looks at the evolution of various expansion concepts and how increased understanding of such techniques is now being fed into the next generation of expandable tubular based products. The paper discloses newly developed expansion techniques, discusses the FEA and analytical test results, which have allowed improvements in design, and shows how the restrictions synonomous with conventional expansion techniques have been removed. Field case histories are discussed to illustrate progress made with these next generation expandable liners.
Hydrolytically Stable Interphase on Alumina and Glass Fibers via Hydrosilylation (2011)

The poor hydrolytic stability of silane interphase greatly limits the use of fiber reinforced composites (FRC) in demanding applications in which the FRC part is permanently exposed to a moist environment such as in prosthetic dentistry and orthodontics. To improve hydrolytic stability of the interphase between the matrix composed of a blend of triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGMA) and bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate (Bis–GMA) monomers and glass or alumina oxide fibers, a two-step hydrosilylation procedure was employed. The process consisted of creating hydride intermediate on the fiber surface followed by hydrosilylation reaction attaching the unsaturated organic monomer (Bis–GMA) forming stable –Si–C bonds. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed formation of the hydride intermediate on the surface and then, attachment of the appropriate organic compound in the second step. The amount of deposited interphase and its stability was significantly enhanced compared to standard silanization treatment. Fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after environmental exposure proving that the most stable interfacial bond was obtained with the two-step treated fibers. It was concluded that hydrosilylation provides a viable alternative to silanization for both glass and ceramic fibers in composites intended for applications requiring enhanced hydrolytic stability of the composite parts.
Crystallization-Induced Stress in Amorphous Silicon Thin Films. (1992)

A New stress development mechanism in thin films, crystallizatin-induced stress, is discussed experimentally in P-doped amorphous silicon thin films. P-doped amorphous silicon thin films are deposited on thermally oxidized silicon wafers at 520°C using the CVD technique. The thickness of the oxide is 0.1 μm, and that of amorphous silicon is about 550 nm. The crystallization process, i. e., nucleation and growth of polycrystalline silicon, in the amorphous silicon thin films is observed using a scanning laser microscope. During the crystallization process of the amorphous silicon film, the silicon film shrinks and a large tensile stress of about 1000 MPa occurs in the film. The crystallization temperature of the P-doped amorphous silicon film decreases with higher P concentration. However, the crystallization-induced stress does not depend on the doped-P concentration. The developed stress decreases with high-temperature annealing at over 700°C. The stress relaxation ratio becomes higher in the higher P-doped films.
Development and validation of the pain response inventory for children. (1997)

The Pain Response Inventory (PRI) was developed as a multidimensional instrument to assess children's responses to recurrent pain. The PRI assesses 3 broad factors—Active, Passive, and Accommodative—each with subscales representing specific strategies for with pain. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to derive and cross-validate the factor structure of the PRI in 3 different samples of children and adolescents: school children, abdominal pain patients, and former abdominal pain patients. The subscales were found to be internally consistent and reasonably stable. Validity of the subscales was assessed by examining the relations of particular strategies to various outcome indicators, including functional disability, somatization symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Results indicated that different types of health outcome were predicted by different patterns of PRI strategies, thus supporting the utility of a multidimensional approach to the assessment of responses to pain. With the formulation of the gate-control theory of pain (Melzack & Wall, 1965), it became generally recognized that the experience of pain is not a purely sensory phenomenon related to tissue damage. Rather, it is also influenced by cognitive, behavioral, and emotional factors. This model suggests that effective pain management cannot rely solely on interventions directed at the source of tissue damage but also must include interventions designed to modify psychosocial factors that affect nociceptive processing (McGrath & Hillier, 1996). This multidimensional model of pain has been the impetus for the rapid growth in behavioral science research on pain in the past two decades. Cognitive and behavioral responses to often studied under the rubric of coping with pain, are of particular interest because they may be amenable to change through interventions by health professionals. Moreover, such responses may significantly lessen pain and associated disability and thereby complement and even decrease the need for more invasive pharmacological or surgical interventions. Studies of adult pain patients suggest that certain strategies (typically ' 'passive'' strategies, such as taking to bed, restricting one's activities, or
Targeted Radionuclide Therapy with A <sup>177</sup>Lu-labeled Anti-HER2 Nanobody (2014)

RIT has become an attractive strategy in cancer treatment, but still faces important drawbacks due to poor tumor penetration and undesirable pharmacokinetics of the targeting vehicles. Smaller radiolabeled antibody fragments and peptides feature highly specific target accumulation, resulting in low accumulation in healthy tissue, except for the kidneys. Nanobodies are the smallest (MW<15 kDa) functional antigen-binding fragments that are derived from heavy chain-only camelid antibodies. Here, we show that the extend of kidney retention of nanobodies is predominantly dictated by the number of polar residues in the C-terminal amino acid tag. Three nanobodies were produced with different C-terminal amino-acid tag sequences (Myc-His-tagged, His-tagged, and untagged). Dynamic planar imaging of Wistar rats with 111In-DTPA-nanobodies revealed that untagged nanobodies showed a 70% drop in kidney accumulation compared to Myc-His-tagged nanobodies at 50 min p.i.. In addition, coinfusion of untagged nanobodies with the plasma expander Gelofusin led to a final reduction of 90%. Similar findings were obtained with different 177Lu-DTPA-2Rs15d nanobody constructs in HER2pos tumor xenografted mice at 1 h p.i.. Kidney accumulation decreased 88% when comparing Myc-His-tagged to untagged 2Rs15d nanobody, and 95% with a coinfusion of Gelofusin, without affecting the tumor targeting capacity. Consequently, we identified a generic method to reduce kidney retention of radiolabeled nanobodies. Dosimetry calculations of Gelofusin-coinfused, untagged 177Lu-DTPA-2Rs15d revealed a dose of 0.90 Gy/MBq that was delivered to both tumor and kidneys and extremely low doses to healthy tissues. In a comparative study, 177Lu-DTPA-Trastuzumab supplied 6 times more radiation to the tumor than untagged 177Lu-DTPA-2Rs15d, but concomitantly also a 155, 34, 80, 26 and 4180 fold higher radioactivity burden to lung, liver, spleen, bone and blood. Most importantly, nanobody-based targeted radionuclide therapy in mice bearing small estiblashed HER2pos tumors led to an almost complete blockade of tumor growth and a significant difference in event-free survival between the treated and the control groups (P<0.0001). Based on histology analyses, no evidence of renal inflammation, apoptosis or necrosis was obtained. In conclusion, these data highlight the importance of the amino acid composition of the nanobody's C-terminus, as it has a predominant effect on kidney retention. Moreover, we show successful nanobody-based targeted radionuclide therapy in a xenograft model and highlight the potential of radiolabeled nanobodies as a valuable adjuvant therapy candidate for treatment of minimal residual and metastatic disease.
An in-line image quality monitoring system for imaging device fabrication using automated macro-inspection (2006)

An in-line image quality monitoring system using automated macro-inspection is described. One of the critical problems in reducing yield in CCD manufacture is the production of mura, regions of uneven sensitivity in the device. In this paper, an in-line mura-related yield monitor is presented using the recently developed Tokyo Aircraft Instrument Company EDIS-3000 Automated Macro-Inspection system, which has a high sensitivity and a high resolution optical module developed by IBM<sup>TM</sup> Japan. The optical module is designed to focus on reflected light from the pattern edge, not on the traditional diffracted light, so it is expected to register the linearity between the wafer CD and the wafer image. This system is expected to reduce yield loss, resulting in a faster time-to-market for imaging devices.
Performance Characterization of a Valveless Pulse Detonation Engine (2003)

A valveless pulse detonation engine geometry has been partially evaluated on a direct-connect test stand at simulated inlet flight conditions to the combustor. The geometry utilizes a fuel/oxygenenriched air initiator to initiate detonations in the main combustor and has been operated on ethylene, propane, and JP-IO. The initiator has been operated at frequencies up to 100 Hz. The main combustor of the engine has only been evaluated up to 30 Hz operation due to a current design constraint which will be modified to allow higher frequencies in subsequent tests. The use of an initiator required the evaluation of the diffraction limits between the initiator exit and the main combustor. The successful use of an initiator to detonate a fueVair mixture in a larger main combustor has been demonstrated. Furthermore, experimental data corroborated that tailoring the initiator to produce an overdriven detonation condition at its exit plane, enhanced the detonation transition into the larger combustor. Using imaging optical diagnostics, Mach reflections were observed at the combustor’s wall just a few centimeters downstream of the initiator’s plane. These appear to be the primary re-initiation mechanism for the re-establishment of fuel-air detonations for this geometry. Results show that a diameter ratio between the combustor and the initiator of at least 1.5:l will allow successful operation for ethylene and propane. Single-shot diffraction tests evaluated combustor to initiator diameter ratios up to 1.58. The specific impulse was computed from experimental measurements using both ethylene and propane fuels at various equivalent ratios from 1 .O to 1.5. The results showed Isp values rangins from 850 to almost 1200 seconds, but these relative low values were anticipated due to the oversize initiator used in this study. Such a large initiator was required in order to characterize the aforementioned diameter ratios. Future tests will incorporate an optimally sized initiator, and extrapolation of the current data indicates possible Isp values as high as 1800 seconds with a stoichiometric propane air mixture. This would indicate similar performance values to more conventionally valved PDE systems.
Statin and Metformin Use Prolongs Survival in Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Cancer (2015)

Statin and metformin use is associated with improved OS in patients with resectable PDAC. These medications should be further investigated for possible long-term use in the general population.
Complexity Reduction of Digital Filters Using Shift (2004)

We present a graph theoretical methodology that reduces the implementation complexity of the multiplication of a constant vector and a scalar. The complexity of implementation is defined as the required amount of computations like additions. The proposed approach is called minimally redundant parallel (MRP) optimization and is mainly presented in a finite impluse response (FIR) filtering framework to obtain a low-complexity multiplierless implementation. The key idea is to expand the design space using shift inclusive differential coefficients (SIDCs) together with computation reordering using a graph theoretic approach to obtain maximal computation sharing. The problem is formulated using a graph in which vertices and edges repre- sent coefficients and computational cost (number of resources). The multiplierless solution is obtained by solving a set cover problem on the vertices in the graph. A simple polynomial run time algorithm based on a greedy approach is presented. The proposed approach is compared with common-subexpression elimination to show slightly better results and is combined with it for further reduction of complexity. Simulation results show that 50-60% complexity reduction is achieved by only applying the MRP algorithm, and 70% complexity reduction is obtainable by combining it with common-subexpression elimination under a delay constraint of two or three.
Image analysis of skin color heterogeneity focusing on skin chromophores and the age‐related changes in facial skin (2014)

We have developed evaluation methods for skin color heterogeneity by image analyses based on the major chromophores, melanin and hemoglobin, with special reference to their size. This methodology focusing on skin color heterogeneity should be useful for better understanding of aging and ethnic differences.
Bacteriophage of<i>Bacillus Larvae</i> (1982)

SummaryThe bacteriophage of Bacillus larvae was isolated in Czechoslovakia for the first time. Most strains of B. larvae were found to contain a temperate non-virulent phage which could be detected by a cross-test. This bacteriophage is polyvalent and may become virulent, forming plaques with various strains of B. larvae. The morphology and ultrastructure of the phage are described for the first time. This bacteriophage of B. larvae has been designated BLA.
The Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> pump in skeletal muscle: quantification, regulation and functional significance (1996)

In skeletal muscle, the Na+, K+ pump is predominantly situated in the sarcolemma (1000-3500 pumps per microns 2). The total concentration can be determined in fresh or frozen biopsies (1-5 mg) using a 3H-ouabain binding assay. The values obtained have been confirmed by measurements of maximum ouabain suppressible Na+, K(+)-transport capacity in intact muscles as well as Na+, K(+)-ATPase-related enzyme activity in muscle homogenates. In the mature organism, the concentration of Na+, K+ pumps varies with muscle type and species in the range 150-600 pmol (g wet wt)-1 in rat and human muscle, the concentration increases markedly with thyroid status. Semi-starvation and untreated diabetes reduce the concentration by 20-48%. K+ deficiency leads to a downregulation of up to 75%. Both in animals and in humans, training increases the concentration of Na+, K+ pumps in muscle and inactivity leads to a downregulation. High-frequency stimulation elicits up to a 20-fold increase in the net efflux of Na+ within 10 s This is the major activation mechanism for the Na+, K+ pump, utilizing its entire capacity and possibly represents a drive on de novo synthesis of Na+, K+ pumps. A variety of hormones (insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, adrenaline, noradrenaline, calcitonin gene-related peptide, calcitonin, amylin) increase the rate of active Na+, K+ transport by 60-120% within a few minutes. This leads to a decrease in intracellular Na+ and hyperpolarization. In isolated muscles, where contractility is inhibited by high extracellular K(+)- such agents produce rapid force recovery. which is entirely suppressed by ouabain and closely correlated to the stimulation of K+ uptake and the decline in intracellular Na+. The observations support the conclusion that the Na+, K+ pump plays a central role in the acute recovery and maintenance of excitability during contractile activity.
Friedel—Crafts Reactions of Methanesulfonyl Chloride with Benzene and Certain Substituted Benzenes<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFriedel—Crafts Reactions of Methanesulfonyl Chloride with Benzene and Certain Substituted Benzenes1William E. Truce and Calvin W. VriesenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 20, 5032–5036Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01116a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01116a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views942Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene therapy for long-term expression of erythropoietin in rats. (1995)

The injection of recombinant erythropoietin (Epo) is now widely used for long-term treatment of anemia associated with chronic renal failure, cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus infections. The ability to deliver this hormone by gene therapy rather than by repeated injections could provide substantial clinical and economic benefits. As a preliminary approach, we investigated in rats the expression and biological effects of transplanting autologous vascular smooth muscle cells transduced with a retroviral vector encoding rat Epo cDNA. Vector-derived Epo secretion caused increases in reticulocytes, with peak levels of 7.8-9.6% around day 10 after implantation. The initial elevation in reticulocytes was followed by clinically significant increases in hematocrit and hemoglobin for up to 11 weeks. Ten control and treated animals showed mean hematocrits of 44.9 +/- 0.4% and 58.7 +/- 3.1%, respectively (P < 0.001), and hemoglobin values of 15.6 +/- 0.1 g/dl and 19.8 +/- 0.9 g/dl, respectively (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between control and treated animals in the number of white blood cells and platelets. Kidney and to a lesser extent liver are specific organs that synthesize Epo in response to tissue oxygenation. In the treated animals, endogenous Epo mRNA was largely down regulated in kidney and absent from liver. These results indicate that vascular smooth muscle cells can be genetically modified to provide treatment of anemias due to Epo deficiency and suggest that this cell type may be targeted in the treatment of other diseases requiring systemic therapeutic protein delivery.