gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinoic acid responsive gene product, midkine, has neurotrophic functions for mouse spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture (1993)

Midkine (MK) is the product of a retinoic acid responsive gene and is a member of a new family of heparin-binding growth factors. Neurotrophic effects of MK were examined using cultured spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons derived from fetal mouse. MK, which was added to the culture medium at concentrations of 1-100 ng/ml, promoted survival of both types of neurons approximately 5-fold after 7 days in culture. For spinal cord neurons, the increased survival was reflected in an increase of choline acetyltransferase activity. MK also promoted neurite extension in spinal cord (2-fold) and DRG (1.7-fold) neurons. The survival-promoting activity of MK to these neurons was comparable to that of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). In spite of its significant effects on fetal neurons, MK was ineffective in sustaining survival of DRG neurons derived from postnatal mice. From these results, we conclude that MK is a neurotrophic factor to embryonic spinal cord and DRG neurons, and we propose that MK plays a significant role in embryogenesis of the nervous system.
VX‐509 (Decernotinib), an Oral Selective JAK‐3 Inhibitor, in Combination With Methotrexate in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (2015)

VX-509 significantly improved the signs and symptoms of RA at weeks 12 and 24 compared with the placebo group when it was administered in combination with methotrexate. Safety signals included infection and increases in liver transaminase and lipid levels.
Fecal calprotectin concentration predicts outcome in inflammatory bowel disease after induction therapy with TNFα blocking agents (2012)

A normal FC after induction therapy with TNFα antagonists predicts sustained clinical remission in the majority of patients on scheduled therapy with active luminal disease.
Waveguide analysis of organic light-emitting diodes fabricated on surfaces with wavelength-scale periodic gratings (2005)

Numerical techniques for the analysis of multilayer waveguide structures were used to study the modes that exist in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. The analysis revealed that waveguide modes of the OLED structure could be grouped, according to the behavior of modal-field profiles in the air cover and the glass substrate, into one of four different "families": (i) bound mode, (ii) semibound modes, (iii) leaky modes, and (iv) nonphysical modes. Four different OLED samples were fabricated on glass substrates on which photoresist gratings had been previously formed. The theory was used to compute the angles at which light from these devices should exit into the air. Theory and data agreed well for the semibound modes for all samples; however, they did not agree so well for the leaky modes. Further investigation revealed that better agreement between theory and data could be obtained with these modes being analyzed as Fabry-Perot cavity modes. The theoretical relation between leaky waveguide modes and Fabry-Perot cavity modes is discussed.
Intestinal absorption of drugs in rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure. (1988)

The intestinal absorption of drugs was investigated in rats with glycerol-induced renal failure by an in situ loop method. Drugs examined were poorly-absorbable drugs (sulfanilic acid, procainamide ethobromide, cefazolin and sulfaguanidine), well-absorbable drugs (sulfisoxazole, quinine, salicyclic acid and impramine), actively-transported drugs (cefadroxil and cyclacillin) and water-soluble, high-molecular-weight compounds (polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000, PEG 1500 and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran with a molecular weight of 4000). The absorption of all the low-molecular-weight drugs was significantly increased in the renal failure group, regardless of the absorption characteristics. The enhancement of membrane permeability was also observed by an in vitro cannulated everted sac method. The investigation of membrane permeability to high-molecular-weight compounds with PEG 1000 and 1500 showed that the enhancement of membrane permeability in the renal failure state was limited to molecules whose molecular weights were lower than about 1000. Furthermore, the enhancement of membrane permeability was seen in the brush border membrane vesicles prepared from the small intestine of rats with renal failure, although lipid fluidity, as assessed by steady-state fluorescence polarization techniques using 1, 6-diphenyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene as a probe was not changed in brush border membranes of the diseased rat. On the other hand, a reduction of thickness of the unstirred water layer adjacent to the membrane was observed. Examination by transmission electron microscopy revealed blebs at the tip of microvilli and the thickness of the glycocalyx was reduced. Possible mechanisms of the increase in drug absorption are discussed separately for poorly-absorbable and well-absorbable drugs.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of 3-(Phenylethynyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[3,4-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4-amine Derivatives as a New Class of Src Inhibitors with Potent Activities in Models of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (2015)

A series of 3-(phenylethynyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives were designed and synthesized. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of these compounds led to the discovery of compound 1j, which showed the highest inhibitory potency against the Src kinase and the most potent antiviability activity against the typical TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 among all the synthesized compounds. Further kinase inhibition assays showed that compound 1j was a multikinase inhibitor and potently inhibited Src (IC50 = 0.0009 μM) and MAPK signaling protein kinases B-RAF and C-RAF. In an MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model, a once-daily dose of compound 1j at 30 mg/kg for 18 days completely suppressed the tumor growth with a tumor inhibition rate larger than 100% without obvious toxicity. It also displayed good pharmacokinetic properties in a preliminary pharmacokinetic assay. Western blot and immunohistochemical assays revealed that compound 1j significantly inhibited Src and MAPK signaling and markedly induced apoptosis in tumor tissues.
Interaction between carotid baroregulation and the pulsating heart: a mathematical model (1998)

A mathematical model of short-term arterial pressure control by the carotid baroreceptors in pulsatile conditions is presented. The model includes an elastance variable description of the left and right heart, the systemic (splanchnic and extrasplanchnic) and pulmonary circulations, the afferent carotid baroreceptor pathway, the sympathetic and vagal efferent activities, and the action of several effector mechanisms. The latter mechanisms work, in response to sympathetic and vagal action, by modifying systemic peripheral resistances, systemic venous unstressed volumes, heart period, and end-systolic elastances. The model is used to simulate the interaction among the carotid baroreflex, the pulsating heart, and the effector responses in different experiments. In all cases, there has been satisfactory agreement between model and experimental results. Experimental data on heart rate control can be explained fairly well by assuming that the sympathetic-parasympathetic systems interact linearly on the heart period. The carotid baroreflex can significantly modulate the cardiac function curve. However, this effect is masked in vivo by changes in arterial and atrial pressures. During heart pacing, cardiac output increases with frequency at moderate levels of heart rate and then fails to increase further because of a reduction in stroke volume. Shifting from nonpulsatile to pulsatile perfusion of the carotid sinuses decreases the overall baroreflex gain and significantly modifies operation of the carotid baroreflex. Finally, a sensitivity analysis suggests that venous unstressed volume control plays the major role in the early hemodynamic response to acute hemorrhage, whereas systemic resistance and heart rate controls are a little less important.
Providing reliability as an elastic service in cloud computing (2012)

Modern day data centers coordinate hundreds of thousands of heterogeneous tasks and aim at delivering highly reliable cloud computing services. Although offering equal reliability to all users benefits everyone at the same time, users may find such an approach either too inadequate or too expensive to fit their individual requirements, which may vary dramatically. In this paper, we propose a novel method for providing reliability as an elastic and on-demand service. Our scheme makes use of peer-to-peer checkpointing and allows user reliability levels to be jointly optimized based on an assessment of their individual requirements and total available resources in the data center. We show that the joint optimization can be efficiently solved by a distributed algorithm using dual decomposition. The solution improves resource utilization and presents an additional source of revenue to data center operators. Our validation results suggest a significant improvement of reliability over existing schemes.
An object-oriented environment for robot system architectures (1991)

The object-oriented Robot Independent Programming Environment (RIPE), which is being used for the rapid design and implementation of a variety of applications, is described. A system architecture based on hierarchies of distributed multiprocessors provides the computing platform for a layered programming structure that models the application as a set of software objects. These objects are designed to support model-based automated planning and programming, real-time sensor-based activity, error handling, and robust communication. The object-oriented paradigm provides mechanisms such as inheritance and polymorphism which allow the implementation of the system to satisfy the goals of software reusability, extensibility, reliability, and portability. Designing a hierarchy of generic parent classes and device-specific subclasses which inherit the same interface allows a Robot Independent Programming Language (RIPL) to be realized. Workcell tasks demonstrating robot cask handling operations for nuclear waste facilities, which are successfully implemented using this object-oriented software environment, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BOVINE PLASMA COLD‐INSOLUBLE GLOBULIN: GROSS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION* (1978)

Bovine plasma CIg, like human CIg, is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 450,000 daltons and consists of two homologous subunits, the alpha and beta chains. These subunits are covalently linked through disulfide bridges in their carboxyl terminal domains. The carboxyl terminal regions are presumed to contain the fibrin-reactive transamidation site. The covalent incorporation of CIg into fibrin has been conclusively demonstrated by isolation of the S-carboxymethyl derivative of the CIg-fibrin-alpha chain complex and by determination of its terminal amino acid sequences. Cold-insoluble globulin has been shown to exert a stimulatory effect on the urokinase-mediated activation of bovine plasminogen to plasmin.
The synergisim of nucleoside antibiotics combined with guanine 7-N-oxide against a rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). (1986)

Guanine 7-N-oxide was shown to have synergistic activity in combination with neplanocin A against a rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), as reported previously. We examined further the antiviral activity of guanine 7-N-oxide in combination with other nucleoside antibiotics against IHNV. Synergism was seen between guanine 7-N-oxide and D-eritadenine or cordycepin. It is considered that compounds inhibiting RNA methylation show synergism with guanine 7-N-oxide.
Pharmaceutical Studies on Water-soluble Corticosteroid Derivatives. III. : Stability of Hydrocortisone 21-Sulfobenzoates and 21-Sulfate in Solution (1971)

Hydrocortisone 21-o-sulfobenzoate (II), hydrocortisone 21-m-sulfobenzoate (III), and hydrocortisone 21-sulfate (IV) were synthesized. II is solubilized in an alkaline region, while III and IV are solubilized over a wide range of pH. Kinetic examination of the hydrolysis reaction of II and III in an aqueous solution indicated that both undergo decomposition of the first order. The pH profile of the decomposition rate constants of these derivatives showed that, in the alkaline region, decomposition reaction due to the catalyst effect of the hydroxyl ion is the most dominant. III is the most stable at around pH 3. The rate constant of IV was found to be the minimum at around pH 5-6 from the pH profile of its decomposition rate constant. Effect of ionic strength and temperature on the hydrolysis rate constants of these derivatives were examined, and pharmacological activities of 12 kinds of hydrocortisone 21-ester were compared.
iTRAQ-Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification of Potential Biomarkers of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Novel Networks between Inflammation and Premalignancy (2008)

Chronic exposure of the oral mucosa to carcinogens in tobacco is linked to inflammation and development of oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) with high risk of progression to cancer; there is currently no clinical methodology to identify high-risk lesions. We hypothesized that identification of differentially expressed proteins in OPLs in relation to normal oral tissues using proteomic approach will reveal changes in multiple cellular pathways and aid in biomarker discovery. Isobaric mass tags (iTRAQ)-labeled oral dysplasias and normal tissues were compared against pooled normal control by online liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Verification of biomarkers was carried out in an independent set of samples by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR. We identified 459 nonredundant proteins in OPLs, including structural proteins, signaling components, enzymes, receptors, transcription factors, and chaperones. A panel of three best-performing biomarkers identified by iTRAQ analysis and verified by immunohistochemistry—stratifin (SFN), YWHAZ, and hnRNPK—achieved a sensitivity of 0.83, 0.91, specificity of 0.74, 0.95, and predictive value of 0.87 and 0.96, respectively, in discriminating dysplasias from normal tissues, thereby confirming their utility as potential OPL biomarkers. Pathway analysis revealed direct interactions between all the three biomarkers and their involvement in two major networks involved in inflammation, signaling, proliferation, regulation of gene expression, and cancer. In conclusion, our work on determining the OPL proteome unraveled novel networks linking inflammation and development of epithelial dysplasia and their key regulatory proteins may serve as novel chemopreventive/therapeutic targets for early intervention. Additionally, we identified and verified a panel of OPL biomarkers that hold promise for large-scale validation for ultimate clinical use.
Corrosion of Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloys (2005)

Abstract This article reviews the corrosion behavior in various environments for seven important nickel alloy families: commercially pure nickel, Ni-Cu, Ni-Mo, Ni-Cr, Ni-Cr-Mo, Ni-Cr-Fe, and Ni-Fe-Cr. It examines the behavior of nickel alloys in corrosive media found in industrial settings. The corrosive media include: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, organic acids, salts, seawater, and alkalis. The modes of high-temperature corrosion include oxidation, carburization, metal dusting, sulfidation, nitridation, corrosion by halogens, and corrosion by molten salts. Applications where the corrosion properties of nickel alloys are important factors in materials selection include the petroleum, chemical, and electrical power industries. Most nickel alloys are much more resistant than the stainless steels to reducing acids, such as hydrochloric, and some are extremely resistant to the chloride-induced phenomena of pitting, crevice attack, and stress-corrosion cracking (to which the stainless steels are susceptible). Nickel alloys are also among the few metallic materials able to cope with hot hydrofluoric acid. The conditions where nickel alloys suffer environmentally assisted cracking are highly specific and therefore avoidable by proper design of the industrial components.
Dual effect of interleukin 4 on HIV-1 expression: Implications for viral phenotypic switch and disease progression (1998)

We report that interleukin 4 (IL-4) inhibits the propagation of non-syncytia-inducing and increases the propagation of syncytia-inducing HIV-1 isolates by two mechanisms. It differentially regulates the two major HIV-1 coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, increasing CXCR4 and decreasing CCR5 expression in primary CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. In addition, IL-4 stimulates the expression of all HIV-1 isolates via a transcriptional activation mechanism. The combination of these effects results in increased propagation of CXCR4-using and inhibition of CCR5-using HIV-1 strains. IL-4 also activates HIV-1 expression in primary monocytes/macrophages but does not affect CCR5 expression. These results identify IL-4 as an important regulator of HIV-1 and suggest a critical role for this cytokine in the control of viral evolution and in the phenotypic switch from non-syncytia-inducing to syncytia-inducing, which leads to accelerated disease progression.
Fluorescent proteins and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) as tools in signaling research (2007)

The advent of fluorescent proteins has revolutionized signaling research, shifting focus from biochemical assays to analysis of live cells, organized tissues and even entire organisms. Modern applications of fluorescent proteins go beyond their use as specific markers of cells or tissues, allowing the researcher to visualize intracellular translocations as well as biochemical reactions. In this mini-review, we summarize the properties of a variety of fluorescent proteins, their detection using fluorescence microscopy and flow analysis, as well as their basic and more advanced applications, including fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to study signaling dynamics.
Intraspinal transplantation of motoneuron-like cell combined with delivery of polymer-based glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for repair of spinal cord contusion injury (2014)

To evaluate the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor transplantation combined with adipose-derived stem cells-transdifferentiated motoneuron delivery on spinal cord contusion injury, we developed rat models of spinal cord contusion injury, 7 days later, injected adipose-derived stem cells-transdifferentiated motoneurons into the epicenter, rostral and caudal regions of the impact site and simultaneously transplanted glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-gelfoam complex into the myelin sheath. Motoneuron-like cell transplantation combined with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery reduced cavity formations and increased cell density in the transplantation site. The combined therapy exhibited superior promoting effects on recovery of motor function to transplantation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, adipose-derived stem cells or motoneurons alone. These findings suggest that motoneuron-like cell transplantation combined with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery holds a great promise for repair of spinal cord injury.
Speech starter: noise-robust endpoint detection by using filled pauses (2003)

In this paper we propose a speech interface function, called speech starter, that enables noise-robust endpoint (utterance) detection for speech recognition. When current speech recognizers are used in a noisy environment, a typical recognition error is caused by incorrect endpoints because their automatic detection is likely to be disturbed by non-stationary noises. The speech starter function enables a user to specify the beginning of each utterance by uttering a filler with a filled pause, which is used as a trigger to start speech-recognition processes. Since filled pauses can be detected robustly in a noisy environment, practical endpoint detection is achieved. Speech starter also offers the advantage of providing a hands-free speech interface and it is user-friendly because a speaker tends to utter filled pauses (e.g., “er...”) at the beginning of utterances when hesitating in human-human communication. Experimental results from a 10-dB-SNR noisy environment show that the recognition error rate with speech starter was lower than with conventional endpoint-detection methods.
Pipe flow measurements over a wide range of Reynolds numbers using liquid helium and various gases (2002)

We demonstrate that an unusually small pipe flow apparatus using both liquid helium and room temperature gases can span an enormous range of Reynolds numbers. This paper describes the construction and operation of the apparatus in some detail. A wide range of Reynolds numbers is an advantage in any experiment seeking to establish scaling laws. This experiment also adds to evidence already in hand that the normal phase of liquid helium is a Navier–Stokes fluid. Finally, we explore recent questions concerning the influence of molecular motions on the transition to turbulence (Muriel 1998) and are unable to observe any influence.
MECHANISMS OF RADIATION INJURY TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROPROTECTION (2004)

The central nervous system (CNS) is a major dose-limiting organ in clinical radiotherapy (XRT). The underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced injury in this organ remain unclear. For many years, research has focused on identifying the major target cells of damage, and depletion of target cells due to reproductive or clonogenic cell death was believed to be the primary cause of tissue damage and organ failure. There is now an increasing body of data indicating that the response of the CNS after XRT is a continuous and interacting process. This review addresses some of the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of CNS radiation damage. Specifically, the focus is on apoptotic cell death, and cell death and injury mediated by secondary damage. These potentially reversible components of the injury response provide important targets for neuroprotective interventions.