gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Trojan Horse Liposome Technology for Nonviral Gene Transfer across the Blood-Brain Barrier (2011)

The application of blood-borne gene therapy protocols to the brain is limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Viruses have been extensively used as gene delivery systems. However, their efficacy in brain is limited by the lack of transport across the BBB following intravenous (IV) administration. Recent progress in the "Trojan Horse Liposome" (THL) technology applied to transvascular non-viral gene therapy of the brain presents a promising solution to the trans-vascular brain gene delivery problem. THLs are comprised of immunoliposomes carrying nonviral gene expression plasmids. The tissue target specificity of the THL is provided by peptidomimetic monoclonal antibody (MAb) component of the THL, which binds to specific endogenous receptors located on both the BBB and on brain cellular membranes, for example, insulin receptor and transferrin receptor. These MAbs mediate (a) receptor-mediated transcytosis of the THL complex through the BBB, (b) endocytosis into brain cells and (c) transport to the brain cell nuclear compartment. The expression of the transgene in brain may be restricted using tissue/cell specific gene promoters. This manuscript presents an overview on the THL transport technology applied to brain disorders, including lysosomal storage disorders and Parkinson's disease.
Biomolecular Sensing Using Near-Null Single Wavelength Arrayed Imaging Reflectometry (2006)

We use reflectivity changes at an interface functionalized with molecular probes to detect label-free biomolecular binding. Attachment of the target molecules to the surface alters the effective thickness of an antireflective coating formed by thermal oxidation of a silicon wafer to remove destructive interference of the reflected waves. The thermal oxide thickness is adjusted for precise interference using electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly of polyelectrolytes to which the molecular probes can be bound covalently. Reflectivity increases of over a factor of 100 are observed for binding of 2.5 nm of streptavidin to biotinylated polyelectrolytes, considerably more sensitive than surface plasmon resonance detection. Theoretical modeling is in agreement with the experimentally observed reflectivity increases and suggests the sensitivity is at present limited by the roughness of the oxide.
Monoclonal antibody against α(1 → 3) dextran transfers suppression of the immune response to the acetylcholine receptor (1990)

Previous studies have demonstrated that immunization of BALB/c mice with alpha(1----3) dextran (Dex) is accompanied by a reduction in the subsequent immune response to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), depending on the timing of the Dex administration relative to AChR challenge. Here, we report that suppression of the anti-AChR response can be transferred by a monoclonal antibody, known as DX2, which is specific for Dex. Serum transfer experiments have also supported the notion that antibody is important for this effect. In addition, two new idiotypic markers have been defined that are expressed mainly by antibodies against Dex, including DX2. The anti-idiotypic reagents (Sh135 and EB5) are derived from the immune response to the AChR. A human monoclonal antibody which binds to Dex (SR 11) resembles the BALB/c antibodies that are involved in the suppression of the anti-AChR response. These findings emphasize the functional relevance of the AChR-Dex network not only for the BALB/c immune response to the AChR, but also for humans with the autoimmune disease, myasthenia gravis.
Windshield Defrost and Deice Using Carbon Nanotube Composite (2016)

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are well known for their high thermal and electrical conductivities and can offer a great advantage by converting the applied electrical energy into instant heat with minimum energy loss. The goal of this research is to develop a very thin CNT layer sandwiched between two layers of glass substrate in order to generate instant heat through electrodes. The thin CNT layer is fabricated using the CNTRENETM solution, which is a mixture of single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) (~75%), double-walled nanotubes (DWNTs), and multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) with an average CNT length of ~0.4 - 0.6 μm. The thin layer is deposited by spin coating the CNTRENETM solution on the transparent glass substrate. By varying the number of coated layers, the effects of optical transmittance and heating rates are observed. Results show that a room temperature specimen reaches 60 °C within 80 seconds, reproducing the same results over time. This technique can be used to develop a transparent conductive film heater, particularly for defrosting or deicing windshields, and can also be applied to other surface types that need instant heating. This research can replace conventional heaters, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), which are fabricated either by dielectrophoresis or piece-wise alignment.
Widespread distribution of knockdown resistance mutations in the bed bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), populations in the United States (2010)

We previously reported high deltamethrin resistance in bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, collected from multiple areas of the United States (Romero et al., 2007). Recently, two mutations, the Valine to Leucine mutation (V419L) and the Leucine to Isoleucine mutation (L925I) in voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-subunit gene, had been identified to be responsible for knockdown resistance (kdr) to deltamethrin in bed bugs collected from New York (Yoon et al., 2008). The current study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of these two kdr mutations in 110 bed bug populations collected in the United States. Out of the 17 bed bug populations that were assayed for deltamethrin susceptibility, two resistant populations collected in the Cincinnati area and three deltamethrin-susceptible lab colonies showed neither of the two reported mutations (haplotype A). The remaining 12 populations contained L925I or both V419L and L925I mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-subunit gene (haplotypes B&C). In 93 populations that were not assayed for deltamethrin susceptibility, 12 contained neither of the two mutations (haplotype A) and 81 contained L925I or V419L or both mutations (haplotypes B-D). Thus, 88% of the bed bug populations collected showed target-site mutations. These data suggest that deltamethrin resistance conferred by target-site insensitivity of sodium channel is widely spread in bed bug populations across the United States.
Analysis of Free-Layer Damping Coatings (2007)

A free layer damping treatment is formed by applying a coating of a high damping material to one or both sides of a structure. If the coating is perfectly bonded to the structure, the coating may be taken as being subjected to the strain at the interface between structure and coating. Consequently, the dominant component of strain is tensile. Free layer treatments may be symmetric (identical coatings on both sides of the structure), or asymmetric (one side only), and applied to beams, plates or shells in bending or in tension. Two classes of treatments are of interest, those employing thin coatings of a relative stiff damping material, and those employing thick coatings of a relatively soft material. As many materials useful as hard coatings are nominally linear but have inherently nonlinear damping characteristics, provision for this must be made.
Prediction of migratory routes of the invasive fall armyworm in eastern China using a trajectory analytical approach (2019)

Our results indicate that there is a high risk that FAW will invade the major corn-producing areas of eastern China via two migration pathways, and cause significant impacts to agricultural productivity. Information on migration pathways and timings can be used to inform integrated pest management strategies for this emerging pest. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimal allocation of shunt dynamic Var source SVC and STATCOM: a survey (2006)

Optimal allocation of Var source involves optimal location and determination of the size of the Var source. The purpose is to find the right tradeoff between the investment cost of the new Var source and the benefits in system operation derived from the presence of the additional reactive compensators. Traditionally, the locations for placing new Var sources were either simply estimated or directly assumed. This paper categorizes the literature relevant to optimal allocation of shunt dynamic Var source SVC and STATCOM, based on the voltage stability analysis tools used. Those tools include static voltage stability analysis ones such as P-V and V-Q curve analysis, continuation power flow (CPF), optimization methods (OPF), modal analysis, saddle-node bifurcation analysis, and dynamic voltage stability analysis ones such as Hopf bifurcation analysis and time-domain simulation. Static voltage stability analysis techniques are also used in dynamic Var planning. At the end of the paper, the advantages of static and dynamic voltage stability analysis tools are summarized. (7 pages)
1-Trimethylstannylphospholes as precursors of η<sup>5</sup>-phospholyl complexes. Synthesis of (η<sup>5</sup>-phospholyl)trichlorotitanium(<scp>IV</scp>) complexes (1988)

F. Nief and F. Mathey, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 770 DOI: 10.1039/C39880000770
Expression of an estramustine-binding associated protein in human lung cancer cell lines. (1988)

Estramustine-binding protein has previously been demonstrated in normal rat prostatic tissue, in normal human prostate epithelium, and in prostatic carcinomas. It binds specifically estramustine and estromustine, the cytotoxic metabolites of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt), a drug which is used in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. In this study we have examined the presence of an estramustine-binding associated protein in a panel of human cell lines, representing the major histopathological types of lung cancer. A mouse (murine) monoclonal antiserum developed against rat estramustine-binding protein was used for immunohistochemical detection. Fast protein liquid chromatography was used for biochemical characterization. As judged from the immunohistochemical investigation, estramustine-binding protein was present in large amounts in five of six non-small cell carcinoma cell lines, while seven of eight small cell carcinoma cell lines were essentially negative. Fast protein liquid chromatography analyses of lysated cells from the lung cancer cell lines, incubated with [3H]estromustine, concurred with the results from the immunohistochemical stainings. These data strongly indicate a convincing connection between the immunoreactivity and ligand-binding properties of estramustine-binding protein in the cell lines examined. The presence of an estramustine-binding associated protein in human lung cancer cell lines has implications for further investigations into the biological relevance and the potential for eventual therapeutic applications.
A new hadron spectroscopy (2015)

为强子的激发 QCD 的模型预言让比夸克反夸克介子和原来的 quark-parton 的三夸克的 baryons 更复杂的结构当模特儿的异国情调的强子的一个分类。这些包括 pentaquark baryons，六夸克的 H-dibaryon，和 tetraquark，混血儿和 glueball 介子。尽管有广泛的试验性的搜索，任何这些异国情调的配置的不含糊的候选人都没被识别。在另一方面，很多个介子说，似乎是一个质子反质子界限状态的，和包含任何一个 charmed-anticharmed 夸克的其它配对或 bottom-antibottom 夸克配对，最近被发现了那也不适合进夸克反夸克介子图画也不匹配启发 QCD 的 exotics 的期望的性质。这里，我简短为 H-dibaryon 从最近的搜索考察结果，并且讨论最新发现的状态的一些性质质子反质子状态和所谓的 XY Z 介子 -- 并且为常规夸克反夸克介子和预言的 QCD 异国情调的状态把他们与期望作比较。
Detecting sincerity of effort when measuring grip strength. (1987)

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether sincere and faked grip strength measurements could be distinguished from one another by the patterns of measurements obtained for the five handle (hand size) positions of the Jamar dynamometer. Healthy subjects were instructed on different trials to give a sincere, maximal effort or to fake weakness of grip. Results were that the patterns did differ for sincere and fake trials, but not as strongly as expected. The recommendation is made that further research be done using patients with upper extremity injury.
Multiple Intracerebral Hematomas following Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma : A Case Report (1998)

両側慢性硬膜下血腫に対して穿頭血腫洗浄除去術, 硬膜下ドレナージ術を施行したところ, 術後, 患者は傾眠傾向が持続し, 左片麻痺が増悪した.頭部CTにて多発性脳内出血が認められた.長期にわたる脳圧迫のため脳血流不全下で自動調節機構が障害されていた脳血管に, 急激な頭蓋内圧減少により血流量が増大し血管内圧が突然上昇した結果, 血液成分が脳組織内に漏出したのが原因と思われるが, 潜在する静脈遷流障害の関与も考えられた.高齢者で脳血管障害や高血圧を有する患者, 重度の頭部外傷があった患者が慢性硬膜下血腫をきたした場合は, 特に手術時の急激な血腫排出を避け, 閉鎖式ドレナージ術など緩徐な減圧が得られる工夫がなされるべきである.
Quantitative Modeling of Nonlinear Processes in Coherent Two-Dimensional Vibrational Spectroscopy (2003)

The line shapes and intensities in coherent multidimensional vibrational spectra are determined by amplitude level interference between different nonlinear processes. The relative amplitude and phase of each process is controlled by the transition moments and dephasing rates associated with each coherence in a nonlinear pathway. The important nonlinear pathways involve processes that are doubly vibrationally enhanced (DOVE) and nonresonant. The DOVE processes are sensitive to dephasing-induced resonances that change the appearance of two-dimensional spectral features. To understand how these contributions interfere to create a two-dimensional vibrational spectrum, line shapes were measured in the frequency domain for a set of model compounds over a range of vibrational frequencies. The amplitudes and dephasing rates for each pathway were determined by modeling spectra. By comparing the amplitudes with a deuteriobenzene internal standard, quantitative values were obtained for the DOVE processes. The results agree with recent ab initio calculations of the third-order DOVE susceptibilities, previous measurements of the concentration dependence, and estimates based on the absorption and Raman cross-sections of each resonance. The interference effects make the DOVE measurements sensitive to the sign of the transition moments.
Effectiveness of tacrolimus in comparison with methotrexate or biologics in propensity score-matched patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2016)

TAC may provide a potential therapeutic option for RA patients with moderate to high disease activity.
V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Loaded on SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanowires for High‐Rate Li Ion Batteries (2010)

A simple gas-phase-based method is employed to coat V2O5 on SnO2 nanowires. An electrode made from the SnO2/V2O5 core/shell-nanowires delivers a high power density of about 60 kW kg−1 while the energy density remains 282 W h kg−1. In addition, the electrode exhibits very-good cycling stability. Such good performance shows very-promising potential in the application of a high-rate lithium battery. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Single-molecule experiments in biological physics: methods and applications (2006)

I review single-molecule experiments (SMEs) in biological physics. Recent technological developments have provided the tools to design and build scientific instruments of high enough sensitivity and precision to manipulate and visualize individual molecules and measure microscopic forces. Using SMEs it is possible to manipulate molecules one at a time and measure distributions describing molecular properties, characterize the kinetics of biomolecular reactions and detect molecular intermediates. SMEs provide additional information about thermodynamics and kinetics of biomolecular processes. This complements information obtained in traditional bulk assays. In SMEs it is also possible to measure small energies and detect large Brownian deviations in biomolecular reactions, thereby offering new methods and systems to scrutinize the basic foundations of statistical mechanics. This review is written at a very introductory level, emphasizing the importance of SMEs to scientists interested in knowing the common playground of ideas and the interdisciplinary topics accessible by these techniques. The review discusses SMEs from an experimental perspective, first exposing the most common experimental methodologies and later presenting various molecular systems where such techniques have been applied. I briefly discuss experimental techniques such as atomic-force microscopy (AFM), laser optical tweezers (LOTs), magnetic tweezers (MTs), biomembrane force probes (BFPs) and single-molecule fluorescence (SMF). I then present several applications of SME to the study of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA and DNA condensation) and proteins (protein-protein interactions, protein folding and molecular motors). Finally, I discuss applications of SMEs to the study of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of small systems and the experimental verification of fluctuation theorems. I conclude with a discussion of open questions and future perspectives.
언론직(업)에서 오는 심리적 탈진감에 대한 연구 - 서울소재 6개 일간지 기자를 대상으로 (2006)

연구의 목적은 무가지 범람, 인터넷 언론과의 경쟁, 휴일근무, 심한 노동 강도 등에 노출되어 있는 한국 언론인들의 직업에서 오는 탈진정도를 계량적으로 알아보기 위한 것이다. 직업에서 오는 탈진감(psychological job burnout)이 현대사회에서 얼마나 중요한 지는 인사조직 관련분야에서 급증하고 있는 논문의 양으로 알 수 있다. 하지만 언론직에서 오는 탈진현상에 관한 국내연구는 찾아보기 힘들다. 이에 따라 언론직에서 오는 심리적 탈진감을 실증적으로 검증하기 위해 탈진감 연구에 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 마슬렉의 탈진척도 (MBI: Maslach burnout indicators) 22개 항목을 조선, 중앙, 동아, 한겨레, 경향, 서울 등 서울소재 6개 종합 일간지 기자들에게 적용해 그 정도를 알아봤다. 연구결과, MBI의 세 부문 중 핵심부문인 정서적인 측면의 탈진 정도가 높은 것으로 조사됐다 (평균 2.55). 이에 비해 인격적인 측면과 성취적인 측면의 탈진감은 그 정도가 심하지 않은 것으로 드러났다. 또한 경영여건이 상대적으로 양호한 보수성격의 조선, 중앙, 동아일보 등 메이저 신문에서 일하는 기자들보다 한겨레, 경향, 서울신문 등 진보성격의 마이너 신문에서 일하는 기자들의 정서적인 탈진 정도가 상대적으로 더 심함을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 언론직 자체에 대한 성취감이나 동료와의 유대감 측면에서는 전체 분석 대상자들이 상대적으로 긍정적으로 보고 있는 것으로 조사 됐으며 언론사 집단간 차이는 무의미한 것으로 나타났다. 그 외에 신문사 근무기간별로는 심리적 탈진감이 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.
A survey of energy harvesting sources for embedded systems (2008)

Historically, batteries have been the source of energy for most mobile, embedded and remote system applications. Now, with ubiquitous computing requirements in the fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks and low-power electronics such as MEMS devices, an alternative source of energy is required. Also with the limited capacity of finite power sources and the need for supplying energy for a lifetime of a system, there is a requirement for self-powered devices. The process of extracting energy from the surrounding environment is termed as energy harvesting. Energy harvesting, which originated from the windmill and water wheel, is widely being considered as a low-maintenance solution for a wide variety of applications. There are various forms of energy that can be scavenged, like thermal, mechanical, solar, acoustic, wind, and wave. This paper serves as a survey for identifying the sources of energy harvesting based on various technical papers available in the public domain.
FTIR and DSC study of HDPE structural changes and mechanical properties variation when exposed to weathering aging during Canadian winter (1996)

The aging of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) when exposed to drastic climatic conditions (Canadian winter, characterized by low temperature and abrupt temperature variations between the night and the day) was studied. The importance of degradation was determined by evaluating the microstructural changes in HDPE (i.e., oxidations, ramifications, and polymeric chain breaking) by means of FTIR spectrophotometry. The crystallinity variation in HDPE by FTIR and DSC was also studied. Both techniques led to coherent results: there was a loss of crystallinity due to weathering degradation. This crystallinity reduction produced a drastic decrease in impact energy. However, the other properties evaluated were not significantly affected. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Structure, Regulation, and Function of Linear and Circular Long Non-Coding RNAs (2020)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including linear lncRNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs), exhibit a surprising range of structures. Linear lncRNAs and circRNAs are generated by different pathways. Linear lncRNAs perform functions that depend on their specific sequences, transcription, and DNA elements of their gene loci. In some cases, linear lncRNAs contain a short open reading frame encoding a peptide. circRNAs are covalently closed RNAs with tissue-specific and cell-specific expression patterns that have recently been extensively investigated. Pioneering work focusing on their biogenesis and functional characterization indicates that circRNAs regulate cell development via multiple mechanisms and play critical roles in the immune system. Furthermore, circRNAs in exosomes function on target cells. As with linear lncRNAs, specific circRNAs can also be translated. In this review, we summarize current understanding and highlight the diverse structure, regulation, and function of linear lncRNAs and circRNAs.
Polymorphism of saturated triglycerides: II. 1,3‐dipalmito triglycerides (1978)

Abstract Differential scanning calorimetry was used to examine triglycerides of the 16‐ N ‐16 series, where N is an even‐carbon, saturated fatty acid of 2 to 18 carbons in length. The procedures used to obtain heats of fusion and crystallization of the various triglycerides and their polymorphs are described. Small samples (ca. 1‐2 mg) were used to investigate polymorphs with relatively rapid rats of conversion, but more accurate calorimetric data were obtained with larger samples. Capillary melting points were also obtained for the various triglycerides and their polymorphs. Calorimetric and melting point data are given.
Mapping of noninvasion Tn<i>phoA</i>mutations on the<i>Escherichia coli</i>O18:K1:H7 chromosome (1996)

The most virulent newborn meningitis-associated Escherichia coli are of the serotype O18:K1:H7. We previously isolated a large number of E. coli O18:K1:H7 mutants resulting from transposon TnphoA mutagenesis that fail to invade brain microvascular endothelial cells. We have now determined Ic locations of 45 independent insertions. Twelve were localized to the 98 min region, containing a 120 kb segment that is characteristic of E. coli O18:K1:H7. Another, the previously described insertion ibe-10::TnphoA, was localized to the 87 min region, containing a 20 kb segment found in this E. coli. These noninvasion mutations may define new O18:K1:H7 pathogenicity islands carrying genes for penetration of the blood-brain barrier of newborn mammals.