gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Altered lignin composition in transgenic tobacco expressing O‐methyltransferase sequences in sense and antisense orientation (1995)

Summary The monomeric composition of tobacco lignin has been modified by genetic engineering. Sense or antisense expression of sequences encoding O‐methyltransferase (OMT), a lignin biosynthetic enzyme, was shown to modulate enzyme activity. Ten constructs harboring the entire or a partial OMT cDNA were used. Populations of 20 trensgenic plants per construct were analyzed for OMT activity and compared with untransformed controls. As expected, expression of only the full‐length sense construct led to an increase in OMT activity. An important reduction of activity was found in a variable number of plantlets from all other transgenic populations but the inhibition was sustained through the adult stage only in plants transformed with the complete cDNA. T‐DNA genes were shown to be stably integrated into the tobacco genome and to be transmitted to the progeny. By using gene‐specific probes, OMT inhibition in stems was correlated to a parallel disappearance of OMT transcripts originating from both the resident gene and the transgene. In contrast, transgene transcripts were detected in leaf tissues where the resident gene is poorly expressed, thus indicating that relative expression of the two OMT genes controls transcript turnover. In stems of inhibited plants, a marked decrease of syringyl units and the appearance of 5‐hydroxy guaiacyl units were demonstrated. These two structural features are also characteristic of natural mutants of maize with an improved digestibility compared with wild lines. These data demonstrate the feasibility and the potential benefits of lignin manipulation.
A homozygous <i>BMPR1B</i> mutation causes a new subtype of acromesomelic chondrodysplasia with genital anomalies (2005)

We present a patient with acromesomelic chondrodysplasia and genital anomalies caused by a novel homozygous mutation in BMPR1B, the gene coding for bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B. The 16 year old girl, the offspring of a multiconsanguinous family, showed a severe form of limb malformation consisting of aplasia of the fibula, severe brachydactyly, ulnar deviation of the hands, and fusion of carpal/tarsal bones. In addition, she presented with hypoplasia of the uterus and ovarian dysfunction resulting in hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Mutation analysis of BMPR1B revealed a homozygous 8 bp deletion (del359-366). This mutation is expected to result in a loss of function and is thus different from the heterozygous missense mutations in BMPR1B recently shown to cause brachydactyly type A2 through a dominant negative effect. The patient's skeletal phenotype shows an overlap with the clinical spectrum of the acromesomelic chondrodysplasias of the Grebe, Hunter-Thompson, and DuPan types caused by homozygous mutations in the gene coding for growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) which is a high-affinity ligand to BMPR1B. However, the phenotype described here differs from GDF5 associated chondrodysplasias because of the additional presence of genital anomalies and the distinct limb phenotype.
Time and frequency self-synchronization in dense cooperative network (2014)

Dense cooperative network involves communication and coding among multiple uncoordinated nodes. The distributed nature of cooperative networks results in both carrier frequency offset (CFO) and timing offset (TO) that degrade the performance of collaborative communication. Hence, network synchronization is mandatory to guarantee network operations. This paper proposes a novel method to perform joint time and frequency synchronization in presence of large TOs and CFOs by extending the principle of consensus method to synchronization. The estimation is based on assigning to all nodes the same training sequence based on Zadoff-Chu (ZC), that is arranged to decouple CFO from TO in symbol and frame synchronization. The synchronization is based on weighted consensus algorithm to reach synchronization in a connected network by using the superposition of the waveforms from all transmitting nodes as an ensemble of reference timing for synchronization. Time and frequency synchronization is guaranteed in multi-node interference scenario without the need to assign to every node an independent ZC sequence, and thus without any coordination.
Knowledge-directed query processing in expert database systems (2002)

The quality of an answer to a database query can be enhanced by utilizing semantic knowledge such that an expert would use if he/she were to answer the query. A system capable of utilizing such expert knowledge in a deductive database paradigm is presented. A given query is reformulated to reduce the cost of evaluation, to generate a subset of answers in the shortest amount of time, and/or to generate the set of good answers. Semantic knowledge is represented by a set of Horn clauses where a number of special predicates are used. The situations in which certain knowledge becomes relevant to a query are defined, and a method of identifying these situations is given. The authors present the ways in which semantic knowledge can be used and a backtracking scheme for inaccurate knowledge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
(Per)chlorate in Biology on Earth and Beyond (2016)

Respiration of perchlorate and chlorate [collectively, (per)chlorate] was only recognized in the last 20 years, yet substantial advances have been made in our understanding of the underlying metabolisms. Although it was once considered solely anthropogenic, pervasive natural sources, both terrestrial and extraterrestrial, indicate an ancient (per)chlorate presence across our solar system. These discoveries stimulated interest in (per)chlorate microbiology, and the application of advanced approaches highlights exciting new facets. Forward and reverse genetics revealed new information regarding underlying molecular biology and associated regulatory mechanisms. Structural and functional analysis characterized core enzymes and identified novel reaction sequences. Comparative genomics elucidated evolutionary aspects, and stress analysis identified novel response mechanisms to reactive chlorine species. Finally, systems biology identified unique metabolic versatility and novel mechanisms of (per)chlorate respiration, including symbiosis and a hybrid enzymatic-abiotic metabolism. While many published studies focus on (per)chlorate and their basic metabolism, this review highlights seminal advances made over the last decade and identifies new directions and potential novel applications.
Contractile protein isozymes in muscle development: identification of an embryonic form of myosin heavy chain. (1979)

The nature of the myosin heavy chain in embryonic muscle tissue, cultured muscle cells, and several adult muscles was investigated. After denaturation with sodium dodecyl sulfate, purified rat myosins were subjected to partial proteolytic cleavage or immunological analysis using microcomplement fixation. Three types of myosin heavy chains could be demonstrated by both approaches. Whereas adult muscles contain fast- or slow-type myosin heavy chains, embryonic tissue and cultured muscle cells harbor a distinct embryonic form. The existence of this distinct form further characterizes the isozymic transitions of contractile proteins during muscle development.
Screening for Inhibitors of the Greening of Dark-grown<i>Scenedesmus obliquus</i>C-2A’, and Isolation and Biological Activity of an Active Compound, No. 381 (1986)

Journal Article Screening for Inhibitors of the Greening of Dark-grown Scenedesmus obliquus C-2A’, and Isolation and Biological Activity of an Active Compound, No. 381 Get access Takao Kida, Takao Kida Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshiro Shibai Hiroshiro Shibai Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 50, Issue 2, 1 February 1986, Pages 483–484, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1986.10867404 Published: 01 February 1986 Article history Received: 26 February 1985 Published: 01 February 1986
High-performance nanowire complementary metal-semiconductor inverters (2008)

We demonstrated the construction of complementary metal-semiconductor (CMES) inverters with single n- and p-type nanowires (NWs) on the same chip. A single p-type NW was assembled by the side of an n-type NW via the electric field assembly method. n- and p-channel metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors were fabricated with n- and p-type NWs, respectively. Based on this, high-performance NW CMES NOT logic gate (inverter) was built. The NW CMES inverters have low operating voltage (≤2 V), high voltage gain (≥7), and low static power dissipation (≤0.3 nW).
Real-Time Observation of Ultrafast Intraband Relaxation and Exciton Multiplication in PbS Quantum Dots (2014)

We examine ultrafast intraconduction band relaxation and multiple-exciton generation (MEG) in PbS quantum dots (QDs) using transient absorption spectroscopy with 120 fs temporal resolution. The intraconduction band relaxation can be directly and excellently resolved spectrally and temporally by applying broadband pump–probe spectroscopy to excite and detect the wavelengths around the exciton absorption peak, which is located in the near-infrared region. The time-resolved data unambiguously demonstrate that the intraband relaxation time progressively increases as the pump-photon energy increases. Moreover, the relaxation time becomes much shorter as the size of the QDs decreases, indicating the crucial role of spatial confinement in the intraband relaxation process. Additionally, our results reveal the systematic scaling of the intraband relaxation time with both excess energy above the effective energy band gap and QD size. We also assess MEG in different sizes of the QDs. Under the condition of high-energy photon excitation, which is well above the MEG energy threshold, ultrafast bleach recovery due to the nonradiative Auger recombination of the multiple electron–hole pairs provides conclusive experimental evidence for the presence of MEG. For instance, we achieved quantum efficiencies of 159, 129 and 106% per single-absorbed photon at pump photoexcition of three times the band gap for QDs with band gaps of 880 nm (1.41 eV), 1000 nm (1.24 eV) and 1210 nm (1.0 eV), respectively. These findings demonstrate clearly that the efficiency of transferring excess photon energy to carrier multiplication is significantly increased in smaller QDs compared with larger ones. Finally, we discuss the Auger recombination dynamics of the multiple electron–hole pairs as a function of QD size.
Clock Synchronization in Android Wi-Fi Direct Network (2015)

Wi-Fi Direct Network is a new type of network and smart-phone devices may utilize\nthis type of network to exchange information, such kind of network is widely\nreplacing Bluetooth as the main communication method among smart-phones. Many\nnew applications and games are developed based on this kind of network, in this\nthesis, the author explore the clock synchronization problem in Android Wi-Fi Direct\nnetwork and design a prototype to synchronize the clock time of the Android devices.\nThe prototype considers power overhead and deploys an efficient algorithm to\nbalance the power consumption; meanwhile, the prototype considers multi-hop\ncommunication and allows the solution very high scalability.
An Assessment of Incremental Coronary Risk Prediction Using C-Reactive Protein and Other Novel Risk Markers (2006)

Our findings suggest that routine measurement of these novel markers is not warranted for risk assessment. On the other hand, our findings reinforce the utility of major, modifiable risk factor assessment to identify individuals at risk for CHD for preventive action.
Fluorine-Free Pt Nanocomposites for Three-Phase Interfaces in Fuel Cell Electrodes (2016)

The first generation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells uses costly and unsafe perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymers (PFSAs) as membranes and as ionomers impregnating electrodes to achieve the three-phase boundaries. PFSAs imply paramount issues for large-scale manufacture, use, commercialization, and recycling. Alternative nonfluorinated polymers should allow obtaining not only membranes but also adequate ionomer suspensions in convenient solvents for preparing efficient catalytic layers, which has not yet been achieved. Here, we propose a universal solution consisting of the transposition of the three-phase boundary at the molecular level by grafting directly at the surface of carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles a nonfluorinated proton-conducting polymer combining the catalytic activity of the former and the transport properties of the latter. The length of the polystyrenesulfonate polymer chain (as a model polymer) and the number of polymer feet per platinum nanoparticles have been optimized in order to achieve the highest active surface area and activity possible. It was shown that low grafting density and high degree of polymerization gave the best configuration. The great potency of such nanocomposites as cathode catalysts for PEMFC was evidenced not only in a standard three-electrode cell but also under real working conditions in a single hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell, where higher activity and stability were obtained with a nanocomposite material in comparison to those with a classical Pt/C + Nafion electrode.
Development of an Extensible Engineering Support Tool for IEC 61499 Considering WYSIWYG GUI Building as Example (2006)

In today's production and assembly processes, conventional PLC-based architectures are state-of-the-art for control engineering and application design. These kinds of architectures cause high costs for engineering and maintenance, especially adaptation of applications and hardware modifications create intolerable overhead. Distributed automation systems built of mechatronic components help coping with the demands of modern markets. The paper presents a new architecture for integrated modeling of such systems, introducing different views for domain experts. A modular engineering support tool based on an open tool integration platform is developed, using IEC 61499 as common data model.
A novel method to study single-particle dynamics by the resistive pulse technique (1989)

We have developed a new method, a pressure-reversal technique, which extends the uses of the resistive pulse (Coulter counter) technique to single-particle dynamics. The resistive pulse technique measures the increase in resistance when particles suspended in an electrolyte are transported through a current-carrying aperture. By the new method, the pressure is reversed when a particle exits the pore. A trigger signal, derived from the particle pulses, is used to activate two miniature solenoid valves which serve as pressure switches. In this way, the particle reenters the pore. A single particle flowing back and forth may be studied over a long period of time. The time the particle spends outside the pore between reversals is variable from a few milliseconds to several seconds. We have so far used pore diameters in the range of 3–30 μm. The new technique enables us to study single-particle dissolution and single-particle flow dynamics. The experimental arrangement and the details of the new method are described together with some illustrative measurements.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water (2013)

A photocatalyst is defined as a substance which is activated by adsorbing a photon and is capable of accelerating a reaction without being consumed [1]. These substances are invaria‐ bly semiconductors. Semiconducting oxide photocatalysts have been increasingly focused in recent years due to their potential applications in solar energy conversion and environmen‐ tal purification. Semiconductor heterogeneous photocatalysis has enormous potential to treat organic contaminants in water and air. This process is known as advanced oxidation process (AOP) and is suitable for the oxidation of a wide range of organic compounds. Among AOPs, heterogeneous photocatalysis have been proven to be of interest due to its efficiency in degrading recalcitrant organic compounds. Developed in the 1970s, heteroge‐ neous photocatalytic oxidation has been given considerable attention and in the past two decades numerous studies have been carried out on the application of heterogeneous photo‐ catalytic oxidation process with a view to decompose and mineralize recalcitrant organic compounds. It involves the acceleration of photoreaction in the presence of a semiconductor catalyst [2]. Several semiconductors (TiO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, CdS, ZnS) can act as photocatalysts but TiO2 has been most commonly studied due to its ability to break down organic pollu‐ tants and even achieve complete mineralization. Photocatalytic and hydrophilic properties of TiO2 makes it close to an ideal catalyst due to its high reactivity, reduced toxicity, chemi‐ cal stability and lower costs [3]. Fujishima and Honda [4] pioneered the concept of titania photocatalysis (also known as “Honda-Fujishima effect”). Their work showed the possibility of water splitting in a photoelectrochemical cell containing an inert cathode and rutile titania anode. The applications of titania photoelectrolysis has since been greatly focused in envi‐ ronmental applications including water and wastewater treatment. This chapter provides insight into the fundamentals of the TiO2 photocatalysis, discusses the effect of variables af‐
Extramammary Paget disease: Immunohistochemistry is critical to distinguish potential mimickers (2012)

Extra-mammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare intra-epithelial carcinoma that is usually found on the apocrine-rich skin of the perineum. We report 2 cases in which EMPD was initially misdiagnosed on the initial punch biopsy as melanoma-in-situ and Bowen disease respectively. Reasons for the misdiagnoses included a rare pigmented axillary variant of EMPD in the first case and atypical bowenoid features on H&E in the second. The cases are described with a critical review of the histopathological findings, along with a review of the current literature. This highlights the necessity of a comprehensive immunohistochemical panel for the assessment of intra-epithelial pagetoid atypical cells.
An adventitial IL-6/MCP1 amplification loop accelerates macrophage-mediated vascular inflammation leading to aortic dissection in mice (2009)

Vascular inflammation contributes to cardiovascular diseases such as aortic aneurysm and dissection. However, the precise inflammatory pathways involved have not been clearly defined. We have shown here that subcutaneous infusion of Ang II, a vasopressor known to promote vascular inflammation, into older C57BL/6J mice induced aortic production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the monocyte chemoattractant MCP-1. Production of these factors occurred predominantly in the tunica adventitia, along with macrophage recruitment, adventitial expansion, and development of thoracic and suprarenal aortic dissections. In contrast, a reduced incidence of dissections was observed after Ang II infusion into mice lacking either IL-6 or the MCP-1 receptor CCR2. Further analysis revealed that Ang II induced CCR2+CD14hiCD11bhiF4/80- macrophage accumulation selectively in aortic dissections and not in aortas from Il6-/- mice. Adoptive transfer of Ccr2+/+ monocytes into Ccr2-/- mice resulted in selective monocyte uptake into the ascending and suprarenal aorta in regions of enhanced ROS stress, with restoration of IL-6 secretion and increased incidence of dissection. In vitro, coculture of monocytes and aortic adventitial fibroblasts produced MCP-1- and IL-6-enriched conditioned medium that promoted differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, induced CD14 and CD11b upregulation, and induced MCP-1 and MMP-9 expression. These results suggest that leukocyte-fibroblast interactions in the aortic adventitia potentiate IL-6 production, inducing local monocyte recruitment and activation, thereby promoting MCP-1 secretion, vascular inflammation, ECM remodeling, and aortic destabilization.
Ignition Transient Investigation of Rocket Motor (2000)

Ignition transient is a. very rapid process lasting only in the order of 100 milliseconds and therefore it is difficult to measure all relevant ballistic properties. Numerical simulation is thus useful to quantify some of these hard to measure flow and ballistic properties. One-dimensional model was employed to study the effects of aging using simplified aging scenarios for both N-H sustainer and booster motors. Also the effects of newly designed igniter on the ignition of N-H sustainer was simulated. Radiation effects could be significant in terms of energy flux increase to the propellant surface and the energy exchange between the combustion gas itself. One dimension implementation of radiation showed significant effects for rear-mounted igniter. Implementation of radiation effects into 2-D axi-symmetric numerical model was completed and its effects on the N-H sustainer were examined. To have a reliable prediction of computer model on ignition transient, accurate chemical property data on the propellant and igniter gas are required. It was found that such property data on aged N-H motors are not available. Chemical aging model can be used to predict to some degree of accuracy effects of aging on chemical and mechanical properties. Such a model was developed, albeit 2-dimensional, to study migration of moisture through a representative solid rocket motor configuration.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2008)

DPP-4 inhibitors have some theoretical advantages over existing therapies with oral antidiabetic compounds but should currently be restricted to individual patients. Long-term data especially on cardiovascular outcomes and safety are urgently needed before widespread use of these new agents. More information on the benefit-risk ratio of DPP-4 inhibitor treatment is necessary especially analysing adverse effects on parameters of immune function. Also, long-term data are needed investigating patient-oriented parameters like health-related quality of life, diabetic complications and all-cause mortality.
The Development of Software to Facilitate Use of Archived Data Sets (1996)

The Development of Software to Facilitate Use of Archived Data Sets
Rare gas recovery systems for rare gas halide lasers (1981)

A system is described for the recovery of xenon from XeCl lasers and variants for other rare gas halide (RGH) combinations are presented. The batch recovery systems discussed are simple and cost effective and lead to no degradation of laser performance. The added cost associated with continuous gas processing seems difficult to justify at the present time for a system of this size.