gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypophosphataemic Osteomalacia and Myopathy: Studies with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1984)

A patient with familial adult-onset hypophosphataemia, whose myopathy was closely related to the plasma phosphate concentration, was investigated by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P n.m.r.) in vivo of the right flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. During hypophosphataemia induced by stopping oral phosphate a significant reduction in measured muscle strength occurred, but the ratios of the intramyocellular levels of phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) remained unchanged at rest. During exercise these levels changed, as did the intramyocellular pH, but they did not differ from the pattern previously recorded in normal subjects. In four adults with inherited infantile-onset hypophosphataemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets, VDRR) without myopathy, the n.m.r. measurements were normal at rest and during exercise. In one patient with inherited hyperphosphataemia (tumoral calcinosis) the resting PCr: Pi ratio was significantly reduced.
Biological Differences between Fibroblasts Derived from Peripheral and Central Areas of Keloid Tissues (2007)

It is suggested that differences in cell cycle distribution and p53 protein expression may account for the different growth characteristics of keloid peripheries and centers.
Mechanical Properties of CoAl Materials with the Combined Additions of ZrO <sub>2</sub> (3Y) and Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (2001)

Intermetallic CoAl powder has been prepared via self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS). Dense CoAl materials (99.6% of theoretical) with the combined additions of ZrO 2 (3Y) and Al 2 O 3 have been fabricated via spark plasma sintering (SPS) for 10 min at 1300°C and 30 MPa. The microstructures are such that tetragonal ZrO 2 (0.3 μm) and Al 2 O 3 (0.5 μm) particles are located at the grain boundaries of the CoAl (8.5 μm) matrix. Improved mechanical properties are obtained; especially the fracture toughness and the bending strength of the materials with ZrO 2 (3Y)/Al 2 O 3 = 16/4 mol% are 3.87 MPa·m 1/2 and 1080 MPa, respectively, and high strength (>600 MPa) can be retained up to 1000°C.
Novel tungsten oxide microneedles with nanosized tips (2006)

In this study, we have developed an innovative processing technique to synthesize oxide microneedles with nanotips by in situ vapor deposition. Single-crystal needles of tungsten oxide W18O49, with their root diameter of ∼1μm and tip diameter of several nanometers, are successfully fabricated by this low-cost technique. Because of their sharp tips and excellent field emission property, the synthesized microneedles have the great potential to be used as tips for many micro- and nanodevices. Furthermore, this technique provides a basis to produce other oxide microneedles for functional and structural use.
Effect of Supplementation with Folinic Acid, Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>, and Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> on Valproic Acid-Induced Teratogenesis in Mice (1992)

The effect of administration of folinic acid, vitamin B<inf>6</inf> &plus; vitamin B<inf>12</inf>, and their combination on valproic acid (VPA)-induced teratogenesis was studied in NMRI mice. VPA (500 mg&sol;kg, sc) was injected on Day 8 of gestation and the vitamins (two dose levels) were injected ip 1 hr before, immediately before, and 1 hr after VPA administration. Folinic acid significantly reduced VPA-induced resorptions (21–24&percnt;), and palate, rib, and sternebral malformations. Exencephaly and spina bifida occulta were also reduced (14 and 40&percnt;, respectively), but the difference was not statistically significant. On the other hand, vitamin B<inf>6</inf> &plus; vitamin B<inf>12</inf> significantly reduced VPA-induced exencephaly (23&percnt;), spina bifida occulta (80&percnt;), palate and rib malformations, kidney abnormalities, and fetal weight retardation. A combination of the three vitamins was effective in reducing VPA-in duced exencephaly (23–30&percnt;), spina bifida occulta (60&percnt;), and palate and rib malformations. The protection against VPA-induced malformations was not complete and was not always dose related, and the reduction in exencephaly rate was only significant in the absence of a reduction in resorption rate. Full-length cleft palate, sternebral malformations, and retarded sternebral and caudal ossification were, however, increased by the high dose of combined vitamin administration. The present study supports the view that VPA-induced teratogenesis may be mediated via an interaction with folate metabolism. Although folinic acid and vitamin B<inf>6</inf> &plus; vitamin B<inf>12</inf> can effectively reduce VPA malformations, the protection was not complete, which may suggest the involvement of other factors. Furthermore, the dose levels should be carefully chosen since high doses of the combined vitamins can actually increase the incidence of certain defects.
The Extracellular Domain of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Inhibits Ligand-Independent Dimerization (2010)

Dysregulation of the ligand-independent dimerization of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which is the first step in the activation of RTKs, leads to various pathologies. A mechanistic understanding of the dimerization process is lacking, and this lack of basic knowledge is one bottleneck in the development of effective RTK-targeted therapies. For example, the roles and relative contributions of the different domains of RTKs to receptor dimerization are unknown. Here, we used quantitative imaging Förster resonance energy transfer (QI-FRET) to determine the contribution of the extracellular domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) to the dimerization of the receptor. We provide evidence that the contribution of the extracellular domain of FGFR3 to dimerization is repulsive in the absence of ligand and is on the order of ~1 kcal/mol. The repulsive contribution of the extracellular domain is similar in magnitude, but opposite in sign, to the contribution of pathogenic single-amino acid mutations to RTK signaling, and is therefore likely to be important for biological function. Together, these results highlight the fine balance in the domain interactions that regulate RTK dimerization and signaling.
Allyl Isothiocyanate Release and the Allelopathic Potential of Brassica napus (Brassicaceae) (1991)

The allelopathic potential of Brassica species has been attributed to release of the mustard oil glycosides which they produce in large quantities. Upon hydrolysis, these glucosinolates yield isothiocyanates, compounds with strong antibiotic properties. The objective of this study was to assess whether Brassica napus, a common and widespread crop and weed crucifer, is capable of allelopathic interference, and if so, whether its glycoside derivative, allyl isothiocyanate (AI), is capable of producing this interference. Wild type and low glucosinolate-mutant B. napus were grown in low organic content soil under greenhouse conditions, and AI release into soil was monitored. Most plants released low levels of AI, though approximately 10% released much higher levels. Wild type plants released more AI than mutants. Growth of the target species, Medicago sativa, was not affected by additions of AI to soils at concentrations equal to the median and 95% quantile from the B. napus soils. In replacement series experiments, the two B. napus genotypes suppressed growth of M. sativa equally despite differences in AI release rate. In an intraspecific replacement series experiment, the two B. napus genotypes were equal competitors. Under our experimental conditions, B. napus showed no indication of being allelopathic, and AI concentrations typical of soils around B. napus plants did not inhibit target plants.
Amplification of the index of refraction of aqueous immersion fluids by ionic surfactants (2005)

In order to find new immersion liquids to improve the resolution of 193 nm immersion photolithography, we have attempted to discover aqueous system possessing an index of refraction greater than that of water using aqueous surfactant systems. The index of refraction (RI) of both cationic and anionic surfactant systems were examined in the presence of wide range of inorganic salts, and parameters such as size of surfactants, concentrations, and temperature were varied. The refractive index (RI) was found to be increased in the presence of both anionic and cationic surfactants compared to those of water and also increased as a function of surfactant concentration. However the refractive index tends to increase much more strongly as a function of salt concentration. In our study, a maximum RI enhancement was observed from 6.5 M CdCl<sub>2</sub> in 8.2 mM aqueous SDS solution. The effect of micellar properties such as the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and degree of ionization were systematically studied for aqueous SDS system in the presence of CdCl<sub>2</sub>. The correlation on index of refraction between empirical data and theoretical prediction were performed using the concept of molar refraction. Wavelength dependence of RI from theoretical prediction based on empirical equation was examined for various concentration of CdCl<sub>2</sub> system and the results are reported in the paper.
A high serum uric acid level is associated with poor prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. (2013)

Uric acid in serum (S-UA) is produced by the breakdown of the cellular nucleic acids of leukemia cells, and may be a marker of disease aggressiveness. S-UA levels were examined for association with clinical outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Fifty-six patients with AML admitted to our Institution were evaluated retrospectively. The median S-UA level at diagnosis was 5.0 mg/dl (range 2-13.8 mg/dl). The S-UA levels did not correlate with peripheral lactate dehydrogenase, peripheral white blood cell counts, or peripheral blast counts, and were not proportional to bone marrow blast counts or marrow cellularity. The S-UA levels in the patients who achieved complete remission were slightly lower than those in those who did not. S-UA levels less than, or equal to the median (5.0 mg/dl) were significantly associated with better prognoses, compared with S-UA levels greater than 5.0 mg/dl. Thus, the S-UA level may predict the prognosis of AML, and is a versatile and cost-effective test for such a purpose.
Visual transduction in human rod photoreceptors. (1993)

1. Photocurrents were recorded with suction electrodes from rod photoreceptors of seven humans. 2. Brief flashes of light evoked transient outward currents of up to 20 pA. With increasing light intensity the peak response amplitude increased along an exponential saturation function. A half-saturating peak response was evoked by approximately sixty-five photoisomerizations. 3. Responses to brief dim flashes rose to a peak in about 200 ms. The waveform was roughly like the impulse response of a series of four to five low-pass filters. 4. The rising phases of the responses to flashes of increasing strength were found to fit with a biochemical model of phototransduction with an 'effective delay time' and 'characteristic time' of about 2 and 800 ms, respectively. 5. Spectral sensitivities were obtained over a wavelength range from 380 to 760 nm. The action spectrum, which peaked at 495 nm, followed the template described for photoreceptors in the macaque retina. Variation between rods in the position of the spectrum on the wavelength axis was small. 6. The scotopic luminosity function derived from human psychophysical experiments was found to agree well with the measured rod action spectrum after adjustments were made for lens absorption and photopigment self-screening in the intact eye. 7. Responses to steps of light rose monotonically to a maintained level, showing little or no relaxation. Nevertheless, the relationship between light intensity and steady-state response amplitude was shallower than that expected from simple response saturation. This is consistent with an adaptation mechanism acting on a rapid time scale. 8. Flash sensitivity fell with increasing intensities of background light according to Weber's law. Sensitivity was reduced twofold by lights evoking about 120 photoisomerizations per second. Background lights decreased the time to peak and the integration time of the flash response by up to 20%.
Diels‐alder reactions of 3‐(2‐nitrovinyl)indoles: Formation of carbazoles and bridged carbazoles (1993)

Abstract The Diels‐Alder reactions of 1‐substituted‐3‐(2‐nitrovinyl)indoles 3 with quinones and acetylenes give aromatized 1:1 adducts (‐ nitrous acid) ( 1 ) or (‐ nitrous acid, ‐2 hydrogens) 2,5 . Likewise, dimerization (‐2 nitrous acids) of 3 gives aromatized 2‐(3‐indolyl)carbazoles 4 . In contrast, 3 reacts with maleimides 6 to give 1:2 adducts (‐ nitrous acid or ‐2 hydrogens) 10 and 11 , respectively, along with smaller amounts of 1:1 adducts (‐ nitrous acid, ‐2 hydrogens; or ‐4 hydrogens) 12 and 13 , respectively. A mechanism for formation of the nitro products 11 and 13 is discussed. A 1:2 adduct (‐2 hydrogens) 19 was also obtained from a Diels‐Alder reaction between maleimide and the vinylindole produced in situ by condensing 1‐methylindole with acetone. The stereochemisty of this 1:2 adduct has been determined by X‐ray crystallography.
Reactions of derivatives of anthranilic acid with 3‐chloropropyl isocyanate (1984)

Abstract The urea 1 obtained from anthranilonitrile and 3‐chloropropyl isocyanate is converted into 3‐(3‐chloropropyl)‐2,4(1 H ,3 H )quinazolinedione ( 4 ) when heated with hydrochloric acid, whereas it undergoes a double cyclization to form 2,3,4,7‐tetrahydro‐6 H ‐pyrimido[1,2‐ c ]quinazolin‐6‐one ( 3 ) upon heating, or treatment with ammonia. On the other hand, the urea 5 formed from methyl anthranilate and 3‐chloropropyl isocyanate cyclizes in three different ways, when treated with ammonia, potassium bicarbonate, or concentrated sulfuric acid, to yield compound 4 , 3,4‐dihydro‐2 H ,6 H ‐[1,3]oxazino[2,3‐ b ]quinazolin‐6‐one ( 9 ), or 2‐[(3‐chloropropyl)amino]‐4 H ‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐one ( 6 ), respectively. Acid‐catalyzed reactions of compound 9 with nucleophilic reagents proceed with opening of the oxazine ring and readily yield various 3‐substituted 2,4(1 H ,3 H )‐quinazolinediones.
Meeting ISO 8178 Requirements for the Measurement of Diesel Particulates with Partial-Flow Dilution Systems (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The ISO 8178 Draft for Particulate Measurement of Off-Highway Diesel engines specifies partial-flow dilution systems as the preferred measurement equipment. Two critical points of such systems are presented in this paper:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">First, the correct implementation and/or determination of exhaust sampling and dilution ratio within the accuracy limits of ISO 8178.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Second, the influence of size, length and temperature conditioning of the transfer tube and tunnel on particulate formation, deposition and re-entrainment.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As a result of our investigations, recommendations for the proper layout of a partial-flow dilution system are given. Such a system will yield particulate emission values closely following the values obtained with a full-flow CVS system, where engine size permits the comparison. Where the engine size precludes the full-flow dilution, a particulate test equipment with proven correlation to a CVS system should be used</div>
A Mobile Application for Monitoring Inefficient and Unsafe Driving Behaviour (2014)

Many automobile drivers are aware of the driving behaviours and habits that can lead to inefficient and unsafe driving. However, it is often the case that these same drivers unknowingly exhibit these inefficient and unsafe driving behaviors in their everyday driving activity. This paper proposes a practical and economical way to capture, measure, and alert drives of inefficient and unsafe driving. The proposed solution consists of a mobile application, running on a modern smartphone device, paired with a compatible OBD-II (On-board diagnostics II) reader.
Automatic Moving Object Extraction Through a Real-World Variable-Bandwidth Network for Traffic Monitoring Systems (2013)

Automated motion detection has become an increasingly important subject in traffic surveillance systems. Video communication in traffic surveillance systems may experience network congestion or unstable bandwidth over real-world networks with limited bandwidth, which is harmful in regard to motion detection in video streams of variable bit rate. In this paper, we propose a unique Fisher's linear discriminant-based radial basis function network motion detection approach for accurate and complete detection of moving objects in video streams of both high and low bit rates. The proposed approach is accomplished through a combination of two stages: adaptive pattern generation (APG) and moving object extraction (MOE). For the APG stage, the variable-bit-rate video stream properties are accommodated by the proposed approach, which subsequently distinguishes the moving objects within the regions belonging to the moving object class by using two devised procedures during the MOE stage. Qualitative and quantitative detection accuracy evaluations show that the proposed approach exhibits superior efficacy when compared to previous methods. For example, accuracy rates produced by F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and Similarity metrics for the proposed approach were, respectively, up to 92.23% and 88.24% higher than those produced for other previous methods.
Adsorptive granulocyte/monocyte apheresis for the treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis: an open pilot multicentre trial (2005)

GCAP treatment led to significant clinical improvement in a subset of patients with RA who had failed to respond to DMARDs or biologicals. Further large, placebo-controlled studies are warranted to fully assess the therapeutic value of GCAP for refractory RA.
Large-Scale Use of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Low-Risk Toddlers (2013)

This study provides empirical support for the utility of population screening for ASD with the use of the M-CHAT in a primary care setting. Results suggest that the M-CHAT continues to be an effective screening instrument for ASD when the 2-step screening process is used. The M-CHAT is widely used at pediatric offices, and this study provides updated results to facilitate use and scoring of the M-CHAT by clinical providers.
Identification of novel interaction partners for the conserved membrane proximal region of α‐integrin cytoplasmic domains (1999)

The alpha3Abeta1 integrin is a laminin receptor with a broad specificity for different laminin isoforms. Furthermore, it regulates the function of other integrins, like alpha2beta1, alpha5beta1 and alpha6Abeta1. In a yeast two hybrid screen of a human placenta cDNA library, we identified cDNAs coding for four different proteins that strongly interact with the conserved region of the cytoplasmic domain of the alpha3A integrin subunit. In addition to the cDNA for nucleotide exchange factor Mss4 and the putative tumour suppressor protein BIN1, two novel cDNAs were identified. Association analysis with different integrin subunits revealed them as cDNAs that encode binding proteins which react with a broad spectrum of alpha subunits. The conserved membrane proximal region of the alpha3A chain was identified as the binding site for all four proteins. They, therefore, may be involved in the regulation of general functions of integrins.
MRI of female genital and pelvic organs during sexual arousal (2004)

We utilized contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to delineate the anatomy of the female genital and pelvic organs during sexual arousal. Eleven healthy pre-menopausal women and eight healthy post-menopausal women underwent MRI of the pelvis while watching an erotic video. A 1.5 Tesla MR system was used to produce T1-weighted images following administration of MS-325, a gadolinium-based blood pool contrast agent. Selected structural dimensions and enhancement were measured prior to and during sexual arousal. In both pre- and post-menopausal subjects, vestibular bulb and labia minora width increased with arousal. Enhancement measurements increased in the bulb, labia minora and clitoris in both pre- and post-menopausal subjects, and in the vagina in pre-menopausal subjects. There were no marked changes in size or enhancement of the labia majora, urethra, cervix, or rectum during sexual arousal in pre- or post-menopausal subjects. Using MRI, we observed specific changes in the female genitalia and pelvic organs with sexual arousal, in both pre- and post-menopausal women. MRI can potentially provide detailed anatomical information in the assessment of female sexual function, particularly with regard to changes in blood flow.
Impaired CD8+ T cell responses upon Toll-like receptor activation in common variable immunodeficiency (2016)

The data show that despite the unresponsive profile of CD8(+) T cells to TLR activation, CD4(+) T cells and Tc22/Th22 cells are responsive, suggesting that activation of innate immunity by TLRs could be a strategy to stimulate CD4(+) T cells in CVID.
Cell surface characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (1995)

Helicobacter pylori is an important gastroduodenal pathogen of humans. Immunological and structural studies have been performed on the phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and some surface proteins of H. pylori strains. H. pylori LPS has, in general, low immunological activity and this property may aid the survival of this chronic infection. Nevertheless, H. pylori LPS has been found to influence the quality of gastric mucin and to stimulate pepsinogen secretion, thereby contributing to gastric disease. A number of putative adhesins of the bacterium have been described. This multiplicity of adhesins may reflect that H. pylori adherence is a multi-step process involving different interactions, and that different adhesins may mediate adherence to various sites in gastric tissue.
Cyanohydrins in Nature and the Laboratory:  Biology, Preparations, and Synthetic Applications (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCyanohydrins in Nature and the Laboratory: Biology, Preparations, and Synthetic ApplicationsRobert J. H. GregoryView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K. Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 12, 3649–3682Publication Date (Web):December 8, 1999Publication History Received22 June 1999Published online8 December 1999Published inissue 8 December 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9902906https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9902906research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3976Altmetric-Citations613LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrogen,Inorganic carbon compounds,Ketones,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts