gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel nucleic acid-binding protein that interacts with human rad51 recombinase (1997)

Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we isolated a cDNA encoding a novel human protein, named Pir51, that strongly interacts with human Rad51 recombinase. Analysis in vitro confirmed the interaction between Rad51 and Pir51. Pir51 mRNA is expressed in a number of human organs, most notably in testis, thymus, colon and small intestine. The Pir51 gene locus was mapped to chromosome 12p13.1-13. 2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The Pir51 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. Biochemical analysis shows that the Pir51 protein binds both single- and double-stranded DNA, and is capable of aggregating DNA. The protein also binds RNA. The Pir51 protein may represent a new member of the multiprotein complexes postulated to carry out homologous recombination and DNA repair in mammalian cells.
Symmetrical power supply for 42 v automotive applications (2004)

The Positive Channel Two Input Two Output (PCTITO) converter is a third Order MIMO DC-to-DC unidirectional and non-isolated switching converter that is derived from the non-inverting buck-boost converter. Negative and Dual Channel TITO converters are also presented. In steady state one of the PCTITO outputs is positive while the other is negative. Although the outputs could be regulated to provide different absolute values, an interesting application of the new converters is to provide symmetrical outputs (i.e. 15 V) to supply balanced loads. Since the absolute value of the outputs could be greater or smaller than the input voltage, the PCTITO converter will be suitable for present 14 V (from 9 to 16 V) or for future 42 V (from 30 to 50 V) automotive voltage distribution buses. To regulate the outputs two in phase equal-switching frequency PWM-based multivariable control loops have been designed. The closed-loop system must provide low audio susceptibility and good line and load regulation at both outputs. In addition, the common mode voltage between the two outputs that could appear in unbalanced load operation has to be minimized. With these general guidelines, several control parameter adjustments have been considered validated using an averaged model of the system, and tested by simulation.
Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure experiment on the high-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>superconductor<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1988)

X-ray-absorption spectroscopy has been used to study the high-${T}_{c}$ superconductor ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ on all three metal elements. The structure determined is consistent with diffraction results, except for some slight differences. Analysis of the yttrium K-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) experiment suggested that the Y-O distance split further into two distances at 80 K. The temperature dependence of the Cu-O bond strength indicated that the system below ${T}_{c}$ is more disordered than an Einstein model predicted. The bond strengths determined by the temperature dependence of the EXAFS Debye-Waller factor showed clearly that the Cu(2) planes are strongly coupled with each other through yttrium-oxygen bonds, and are weakly coupled to the other planes.
Hydraulic Fracture Propagation under Varying In-situ Stress Conditions of Reservoirs (2017)

In-situ stress state in deep reservoirs is highly variable due to many factors and it markedly influence the propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures. The direction and extent of hydraulic fracture propagation are predominantly controlled by the in-situ stress state of reservoirs. We conducted distinct element method-based numerical simulations to explore the behavior of hydraulic fracture propagation and containment under varying in-situ stress conditions and fluid injection rates. The results revealed that even a small contrast of minor principal stress between pay-zone and adjacent bounding zones can cause a significant hydraulic fracture containment. Simulations performed under different injection rates showed that the hydraulic fracture containment is also influenced by the injection rate and higher injection rates tend to increase the hydraulic fracture penetration into the adjacent bounding zones. Overall, the results of the present study generally suggest that the fracture propagation during hydraulic fracturing is not an unconstrained event as one would imagine and natural barriers such as varying in-situ stresses, which are common in deep reservoirs, often limit fracture propagation to a certain finite extent. In addition, operational conditions such as fluid injection rate can be selected appropriately to control the hydraulic fracture propagation into unproductive bounding strata.
Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization from Unprotected Cadmium Selenide Nanoparticles (2004)

Nanoparticles functionalized with a trithiocarbonate ligand allow RAFT polymerization to be performed from their surface. Homopolymers, random copolymers, and block copolymers can be grown radially from trithiocarbonate-covered CdSe nanoparticles (see scheme). This technique gives excellent nanoparticle dispersion in a wide range of polymers, while maintaining the unique photophysical properties of the nanoparticles.
Factors Associated With Slow Progression in Huntington's Disease (1991)

The rate of disease progression was assessed for 42 persons affected by Huntington's disease who had been neurologically examined at least six times and followed up for at least 3 years. Disease progression was assessed by a disability rating scale administered at each examination. Slow progression was associated with older age at onset of disease and with heavier weight (body mass index) at the first examination. Men tended to have a slower disease progression than did women, and this was particularly evident among men inheriting Huntington's disease from affected mothers. Neither the butyrophenone haloperidol nor the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine were related to rate of progression. Assessments of depression, hostility, and tobacco use were also unrelated to rate of progression. Clinical trials in Huntington's disease should consider these factors when designing therapeutic studies.
Alzheimer's disease and the microbiome (2013)

OPINION article Front. Cell. Neurosci., 17 September 2013Sec. Cellular Neuropathology Volume 7 - 2013 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2013.00153
Performance trade-offs in the flight initiation of<i>Drosophila</i> (2008)

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster performs at least two distinct types of flight initiation. One kind is a stereotyped escape response to a visual stimulus that is mediated by the hard-wired giant fiber neural pathway, and the other is a more variable ;voluntary' response that can be performed without giant fiber activation. Because the simpler escape take-offs are apparently successful, it is unclear why the fly has multiple pathways to coordinate flight initiation. In this study we use high-speed videography to observe flight initiation in unrestrained wild-type flies and assess the flight performance of each of the two types of take-off. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of take-off sequences indicates that wing use during the jumping phase of flight initiation is essential for stabilizing flight. During voluntary take-offs, early wing elevation leads to a slower and more stable take-off. In contrast, during visually elicited escapes, the wings are pulled down close to the body during take-off, resulting in tumbling flights in which the fly translates faster but also rotates rapidly about all three of its body axes. Additionally, we find evidence that the power delivered by the legs is substantially greater during visually elicited escapes than during voluntary take-offs. Thus, we find that the two types of Drosophila flight initiation result in different flight performances once the fly is airborne, and that these performances are distinguished by a trade-off between speed and stability.
Temporal diffusion spectroscopy: Theory and implementation in restricted systems using oscillating gradients (2005)

The theory of temporal diffusion spectra is reviewed. In contrast to q-space spectroscopy, which measures the displacement spectrum of spins in a spatial domain, the spectral density of the velocity correlation function (VCF) in the temporal domain is considered. It is demonstrated that casting diffusion in this domain may facilitate measurements of microscopic geometry and the decomposition of the diffusion signal into components due to disperse flow and restricted diffusion. An oscillating gradient (OG) method of diffusion spectroscopy was developed and implemented. Microscopic pore sizes, surface-to-volume ratios (S/Vs), and diffusion path tortuosities were extracted from model systems using this method. Cases are discussed in which this type of experiment may allow the characterization of pore geometry when spatial domain experiments fail. OGs may be combined with imaging sequences to map complex patterns of diffusion and flow. Moreover, scalar apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements in complex biological systems may be subtly dependent on specific pulse sequence parameters. Thus, scalar ADC measurements using gradient pulses with different frequency spectra may give different results. Conversely, the frequency dependence of motion-sensitizing gradient pulses may be exploited to deduce the origin of ADC changes.
Average local ionization energies on the molecular surfaces of aromatic systems as guides to chemical reactivity (1990)

The average ionization energy, [Formula: see text], is introduced and is demonstrated to be useful as a guide to chemical reactivity in aromatic systems. [Formula: see text] is rigorously defined within the framework of self-consistent-field molecular orbital (SCF-MO) theory and can be interpreted as the average energy needed to ionize an electron at any point in the space of a molecule. An abinitio SCF-MO approach has been used to calculate [Formula: see text] at the 6-31G* level, using STO-3G optimized geometries. [Formula: see text] has been computed on molecular surfaces defined by the contour of constant electronic density equal to 0.002 electrons/bohr 3 , for a series of aromatic systems. This surface [Formula: see text] provides site specific predictions for preferred positions of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Relative reactivity toward electrophiles increases as the magnitudes of the smallest [Formula: see text] values [Formula: see text] for these systems decrease. An excellent relationship, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99, has been found between the Hammett constants and [Formula: see text]; this allowed us to predict the values of these constants for the substituents NHF and NF 2 , for which they were previously not known. Keywords: average local ionizations energy, chemical reactivity, electrophilic aromatic substitution, molecular surfaces, Hammett constants.
Effects of alloying and bias stress on the base contacts of AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs (2002)

The stability of AlGaAs/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) with discretion to different base metal ohmic contact systems were studied by means of thermal alloying and current stress. The ohmic contacts studied were Au/Zn/Au and Ti/Au. It was found that after thermal alloying, though the Au/Zn/Au base contacts gave the lower base resistance, devices with Ti/Au contacts were more thermally reliable. With current stress, though alloyed Ti/Au devices gave a more reliable performance than Au/Zn/Au, they are still not optimum for long term device operation.
Optimized NLFM pulse compression waveforms for high-sensitivity radar observations (2014)

In order to provide adequate sensitivity in low-power radar systems, pulse compression has been used for decades in military applications, and more recently, weather radar. Due to the distributed nature and relatively low return power of hydrometeors, power efficiency of pulse compression waveforms is of great importance. The Advanced Radar Research Center at the University of Oklahoma has been developing novel waveform design techniques for weather radar platforms which provide excellent sidelobe performance while maintaining operational processing gains as high as 0.95 due to limited use of amplitude modulation. While directly applicable to weather observations, such waveforms are capable of lowering price points on all types of radar systems, ranging from military uses and aircraft detection to SAR applications. These waveforms have been implemented on the Advanced Radar Research Center's PX-1000 transportable, solid-state, polarimetric X-band weather radar, which operates at 100 Watts on each channel. Due to the very low peak transmit power, as well as a fully customizable waveform implementation and real-time signal processing architecture, PX-1000 serves as an excellent testbed for waveform research and development. An overview of the technical design method for optimized nonlinear waveforms is presented in detail, with comparisons to other popular nonlinear and heavily-windowed techniques. A description of implementation in a real system (PX-1000) is presented, including the need for, and implementation of, system-specific pre-distortion. A preliminary exploration of recent progress on Doppler tolerance correction for distributed weather targets is shown. Finally, data from the 20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma EF-5 tornado are shown, with a discussion of the technical implementation of optimized waveforms on PX-1000, including blind-range mitigation, multi-lag calculation of polarization moments, and the assumptions required for using current-generation pulse compression techniques in observations of extreme weather.
Catalytic Epoxidation of Hindered Olefins with Dioxygen. Fast Oxygen Atom Transfer to Olefin Cation Radicals from Nitrogen Oxides (1996)

Hindered olefins are efficiently converted to epoxides by dioxygen at 25 °C in dichloromethane containing catalytic amounts of nitrogen oxides (NO2, NO+, NO, etc.). Nitrogen dioxide also effects the direct (stoichiometric) epoxidation of the same hindered olefins. Olefin cation radicals are spectrally identified as the first observable intermediate, and separate experiments confirm the facile transfer of an oxygen atom from nitrogen dioxide to olefin cation radicals to produce epoxides. At low temperature (−78 °C), the epoxidation is rapidly initiated by added 1-electron oxidants such as tris(2,4-dibromophenyl)amine cation radical and nitrosonium (NO+). Scheme 3 presents the complete sequence of redox changes that are mediated by the nitrogen oxides in the catalytic conversion of hindered olefins to epoxides via the cation radical. The deliberate irradiation of the charge-transfer absorption band of the corresponding olefin electron donor−acceptor complexes with tetranitromethane also establishes the formation of epoxides to occur via the same reactive pair, i.e., the olefin cation radical and NO2. The mechanistic implication of rapid oxygen atom transfer to olefin cation radicals is underscored in the general consideration of catalytic epoxidations with dioxygen.
Gold Catalysis: Mild Conditions for the Synthesis of Oxazoles from N‐Propargylcarboxamides and Mechanistic Aspects. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Method for Automated Assessment of Potholes, Cracks and Patches from Road Surface Video Clips (2013)

Potholes, cracks and patches are some types of road surface distresses whose assessment is essential in India. In the current field practices, road distress data assessment is reported to be done through distress data collection and processing of the collected raw data. At present, distress data collection is increasingly being automated by using various imaging systems. However, analysis of the collected raw video clips for distress assessment is still predominantly being done manually. This is expensive, time consuming and slows down the road maintenance management. In this paper, a robust method for automated detection and assessment of potholes, cracks and patches from real life video clips of Indian highways is proposed. In the proposed method, potholes, cracks and patches are detected and quantified automatically using various image processing techniques supported by heuristically derived decision logic. For testing its performance, the proposed method has been implemented under a Windows environment using OpenCV library. The results are evaluated through accuracy and precision- recall metrics and compared with the methods presented by earlier researchers as well as current practices in the field. And the proposed method is found to be more robust and efficient. The information extracted using the proposed method can be used for determining maintenance levels of Indian roads and taking further appropriate actions for repair and rehabilitation.
Classification of tremor and update on treatment. (1999)

Tremor is a symptom of many disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, orthostatic tremor, cerebellar disease, peripheral neuropathy and alcohol withdrawal. Tremors may be classified as postural, rest or action tremors. Symptomatic treatment is tailored to the tremor type. Combination therapy with carbidopa and levodopa remains the first-line approach for parkinsonian tremor. Essential tremor may be amenable to propranolol or primidone. Propranolol may be useful in treating alcohol withdrawal tremor, and isoniazid may control the cerebellar tremor associated with multiple sclerosis. Clonazepam may relieve orthostatic tremor. Other agents are also available for the treatment of tremor. When medical therapy fails to control the tremor, surgical options such as thalamotomy, pallidotomy and thalamic stimulation should be considered in severe cases. Thalamic stimulation, the most recent of these surgical approaches, offers the advantage over ablative procedures of alleviating tremor without the creation of a permanent lesion.
Dynamic estimation of CPU demand of web traffic (2006)

Managing the resources in a large Web serving system requires knowledge of the resource needs for service request-s of various kinds, and these needs may change over time. Assessing resource needs is commonly performed using techniques such as offline profiling, application instrumentation, and kernel-based instrumentation. Little attention has been given to the dynamic estimation of dynamic resource needs, relying only on external and high-level measurements such as overall resource utilization and request rates. We consider the problem of dynamically estimating dynamic CPU demands of multiple kinds of requests using CPU utilization and throughput measurements. We formulate the problem as a linear regression problem and obtain its basic solution. However, in practice one is faced with issues such as insignificant flows, collinear flows, space and temporal variations, and background noise. In order to deal with such issues, we present several mechanisms such as data aging, flow rejection, flow combining, noise reduction, and smoothing. We implemented these techniques in a Work Profiler component that we delivered as part of a broader system management product. We present experimental results from using this component in scenarios inspired by real-world usage of that product; our technique produces estimates that are roughly within a factor of 2 of the right answer, for the request flows that draw significant CPU power.
Reactivation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis During Treatment With IL-1 Receptor Antagonists (Anakinra) (2007)

This single case report describes reactivation of previous pulmonary tuberculosis (TBC) after 23 months of treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra. This patient had severe acute rheumatoid arthritis (Disease Activity Score >6). Initially, he received treatment with 10 mg prednisolone daily along with oral methotrexate 15 mg weekly. Methotrexate was discontinued after 3 months because of repeated liver enzyme elevation. After the disease became more active, he was treated with the IL-1 receptor antagonist along with 10 mg prednisolone daily. One month later, the patient improved significantly, and prednisolone was decreased to 5 mg on alternate days and discontinued after another 3 months. After 23 months of anakinra monotherapy, the patient developed pulmonary TBC and was put on quadruple anti-TBC treatment, which resulted in excellent recovery. Six years before, the patient had pulmonary TBC and received triple anti-TBC treatment for 9 months with complete clinical and radiologic remission. We believe this is the first reported case of TBC reactivation during anakinra treatment.
Prevention of lethal and renal toxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) by induction of metallothionein synthesis without compromising its antitumor activity in mice. (1987)

The participation of renal metallothionein (MT) in the toxicity and antitumor activity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) in male mice was examined. Preinduction of MT in the kidney by the s.c. administration of bismuth compounds decreased the lethality and renal and gastrointestinal toxicity caused by a single s.c. injection of cis-DDP. In the present study a correlation between the protective effect of pretreatment with bismuth nitrate against cis-DDP toxicity and the preinduced MT levels in the kidney was observed. Bismuth nitrate pretreatment showed no effect on the antitumor activity of cis-DDP against several transplantable tumors, probably because it induces MT in the kidney but not in tumor tissues. The fact that p.o. preadministration of bismuth subnitrate, an antidiarrheal drug, also depressed the lethal toxicity of cis-DDP is promising for its prompt application in medical attention. Thus, bismuth pretreatment allows higher doses of cis-DDP with no apparent toxicity, resulting in more efficient utilization of this anticancer drug.
Compact object recognition using energy-function-based optimization (1992)

Describes a method of recognizing objects whose contours can be represented in smoothly varying polar coordinate form. Both low- and high-level information about the object (contour smoothness and edge sharpness at the low level and contour shape at the high level) are incorporated into a single energy function that defines a 1D, cyclic, Markov random field (1DCMRF). This 1DCMRF is based on a polar coordinate object representation whose center can be initialized at any location within the object. The recognition process is based on energy function minimization, which is implemented by simulated annealing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>