gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 12-bit 300 MHz CMOS DAC for high-speed system applications (2006)

This paper describes a 12-bit 300 MHz CMOS DAC for high-speed system applications. The proposed DAC consists of a unit current-cell matrix for 8 MSBs and a binary-weighted array for 4 LSBs. In order to ensure the linearity of DAC, a double centro symmetric current matrix is designed by using the Q <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> random walk strategy. To minimize the feedthrough and improve the dynamic performance, the drain of the switching transistors is isolated from the output lines by adding two cascoded transistors
A priority-based channel allocation scheme for cellular networks (2004)

This paper presents a channel allocation model with dynamic priority support for cellular networks. Channels within a cell are divided into high and low priorities, while user calls are also differentiated by high and low priorities. High-priority channels can provide better QoS than low-priority channels. One of the innovatory designs is right in that if there are no high-priority channels available for a high-priority call, the high-priority call may dynamically downgrade its priority levels by sacrificing some QoS demands to utilize the low-priority channels. We analyze the proposed channel allocation schemes through a mathematical model. In the model, we build 4-D Markov chains and use MATLAB tool to evaluate blocking probability, call-incomplete probability, and channel utilization under different traffic loads. It is observed that the blocking probability of high-priority handoff and new calls can be substantially decreased and the channel utilization is increased, as compared to that of low-priority handoff and new calls.
Evaluation of complement fixation procedures for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (1985)

Three complement fixation (CF) procedures were evaluated for their ability to detect serum antibodies to visceral leishmaniasis. These tests differ in their use of buffers, volumes of complement and sensitized erythrocyte concentrations, incubation times and percentage haemolysis endpoints. Freeze-thawed sonicates of Leishmania donovani promastignotes were used as antigen. Test sensitivity was determined using sera from 46 Kenyans with parasitologically proven leishmaniasis. The frequencies of positive reactions in all three tests were 96-97% and positive antibody titres ranged from 1:16 to 1:4096. Specificity was determined with 20 sera from healthy individuals with no known exposure to leishmaniasis. The frequencies of false positive reactions were 0-10% in the control sera, with titres up to 1:16. No cross-reactions were observed with sera from patients with bacterial, fungal and other parasitic diseases. In replicate experiments, 99-100% of the sera tested were within one titre dilution of each other. All three CF procedures provide very good sensitivity, specificity and low cross-reactivity and are statistically similar in their capacity to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis.
Eshatološka nada u puritanskoj Engleskoj (1999)

SAETAK Eshatoloka nada u puritanskoj EngleskojPrijenos engleske krune s kue Tudor na Stuartove pokazalo se znaajnim meaem u ra-
A scalable telemedicine architecture for under developed countries. A case study: Democratic Republic of Congo (2008)

Telemedicine, defined as the use of telecommunications technologies to provide medical information and services, is electronic transfer of medical data being able to include the sound and the images to practice remote medicine. In under developed countries, as the Democratic Republic of Congo, the capability to remote monitor patients that live in villages or small rural town, is a "Big step ahead" for the health system and citizens. In this paper we present a Scalable Telemedicine Architecture designated to be used in a real scenario as the Dem.Rep. of Congo. A prototype of low cost sensor, integrable into architecture, as a pulse oximeter called Ebloops (Experimental Blood Pressure Smart Sensor), is also presented. Pulse oximetry allows doctors to monitor vital parameters as oxygen levels in a human body, heart frequency and other ones.
The Impact of Scent Type on Olfaction-Enhanced Multimedia Quality of Experience (2016)

In the quest to increase user perceived quality of experience (QoE), the classic audio-visual content paradigm can be extended to include media components that stimulate other human senses. Among these, olfaction-enhanced multimedia has attracted significant attention, as it is both attractive from user point of view and challenging from research perspective. This paper presents the results of two subjective studies which analyzed user QoE of olfaction-enhanced multimedia. Diverse scent types and video content were considered. In particular, QoE levels were studied when one and two olfaction stimuli enhanced audiovisual media. The results presented show that scent type influences user QoE. Statistically significant differences between pleasant and unpleasant scent types existed. Also, in certain cases, users were prepared to forgive the presence of unpleasant scent types with respect to QoE. Finally, users reported a clear preference for olfaction presented after the video sequence with which the olfaction effect should be synchronized, as opposed to before the video sequence.
Expression of ZmMET1, a gene encoding a DNA methyltransferase from maize, is associated not only with DNA replication in actively proliferating cells, but also with altered DNA methylation status in cold-stressed quiescent cells (2000)

A cDNA fragment encoding part of a DNA methyltransferase was isolated from maize. The putative amino acid sequence identically matched that deduced from a genomic sequence in the database (accession no. AF063403), and the corresponding gene was designated as ZmMET1. Bacterially expressed ZmMET1 actively methylated DNA in vitro. Transcripts of ZmMET1 could be shown to exclusively accumulate in actively proliferating cells of the meristems of mesocotyls and root apices, suggesting ZmMET1 expression to be associated with DNA replication. This was confirmed by simultaneous decrease of transcripts of ZmMET1 and histone H3, a marker for DNA replication, in seedlings exposed to wounding, desiccation and salinity, all of which suppress cell division. Cold stress also depressed both transcripts in root tissues. In contrast, however, accumulation of ZmMET1 transcripts in shoot mesocotyls was not affected by cold stress, whereas those for H3 sharply decreased. Such a differential accumulation of ZmMET1 transcripts was consistent with ZmMET1 protein levels as revealed by western blotting. Expression of ZmMET1 is thus coexistent, but not completely dependent on DNA replication. Southern hybridization analysis with a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme revealed that cold treatment induced demethylation of DNA in the Ac/Ds transposon region, but not in other genes, and that such demethylation primarily occurred in roots. These results suggested that the methylation level was decreased selectively by cold treatment, and that ZmMET1 may, at least partly, prevent such demethylation.
Structural and Biochemical Determinants of Ligand Binding by the c-di-GMP Riboswitch, (2010)

The bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP is used in many species to control essential processes that allow the organism to adapt to its environment. The c-di-GMP riboswitch (GEMM) is an important downstream target in this signaling pathway and alters gene expression in response to changing concentrations of c-di-GMP. The riboswitch selectively recognizes its second messenger ligand primarily through contacts with two critical nucleotides. However, these two nucleotides are not the most highly conserved residues within the riboswitch sequence. Instead, nucleotides that stack with c-di-GMP and that form tertiary RNA contacts are the most invariant. Biochemical and structural evidence reveals that the most common natural variants are able to make alternative pairing interactions with both guanine bases of the ligand. Additionally, a high-resolution (2.3 A) crystal structure of the native complex reveals that a single metal coordinates the c-di-GMP backbone. Evidence is also provided that after transcription of the first nucleotide on the 3'-side of the P1 helix, which is predicted to be the molecular switch, the aptamer is functional for ligand binding. Although large energetic effects occur when several residues in the RNA are altered, mutations at the most conserved positions, rather than at positions that base pair with c-di-GMP, have the most detrimental effects on binding. Many mutants retain sufficient c-di-GMP affinity for the RNA to remain biologically relevant, which suggests that this motif is quite resilient to mutation.
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delays tumor progression and blocks metastatic spread in a mouse model of thyroid cancer (2007)

Aberrant activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT/protein kinase B-signaling pathway has been associated with multiple human cancers, including thyroid cancer. Recently, we showed that, similar to human thyroid cancer, the PI3K-AKT pathway is overactivated in both the thyroid and metastatic lesions of a mouse model of follicular thyroid carcinoma (TRbeta(PV/PV) mice). This TRbeta(PV/PV) mouse harbors a knockin mutant thyroid hormone receptor beta gene (TRbetaPV mutant) that spontaneously develops thyroid cancer and distant metastasis similar to human follicular thyroid cancer. That the activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling contributes to thyroid carcinogenesis raised the possibility that this pathway could be a potential therapeutic target in follicular thyroid carcinoma. The present study tested this possibility by treating TRbeta(PV/PV) mice with LY294002 (LY), a potent and specific PI3K inhibitor, and evaluating the effect of LY on the spontaneous development of thyroid cancer. LY treatment inhibited the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-p70(S6K) signaling, and it decreased cyclin D1 and increased p27(Kip1) expression to inhibit thyroid tumor growth and reduce tumor cell proliferation. LY treatment increased caspase 3 and decreased phosphorylated-BAD to induce apoptosis. In addition, LY treatment reduced the AKT-matrix metalloproteinase 2 signaling to decrease cell motility to block metastatic spread of thyroid tumors. Thus, these altered signaling pathways converged effectively to prolong survival of TRbeta(PV/PV) mice treated with LY. No significant adverse effects were observed for wild-type mice treated similarly with LY. The present study provides the first preclinical evidence for the in vivo efficacy for LY in the treatment of follicular thyroid cancer.
Image plane tilt in optical systems (1991)

Mathematical expressions are presented to relate object and image plane tilts in nonaxially symmetric systems. Examples that illustrate the use of these expressions are given. Keystone distortion is described and quantified as a function of image plane tilt.
COMT genotype, micronutrients in the folate metabolic pathway and breast cancer risk (2001)

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the O-methylation of catechol estrogens (CEs), using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor. Several studies have indicated that the val108met COMT polymorphism, which results in a 3-4-fold decrease in activity, is associated with increased breast cancer risk. Folate, whose intake levels have also been associated with breast cancer risk, and other micronutrients in the folate metabolic pathway influence levels of SAM and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), a COMT inhibitor generated by the demethylation of SAM. Because these micronutrients have been shown to alter SAM and SAH levels, we hypothesized that they could also affect COMT-catalyzed CE methylation. Although measurements of SAM and SAH were not initially collected, a secondary analysis of data from two nested case-control studies was performed to examine whether serum levels of folate, vitamin B12 (B12), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), cysteine and homocysteine, in conjunction with COMT genotype, were associated with breast cancer risk. COMT(HH) (high activity COMT homozygote) breast cancer cases had statistically significantly lower levels of homocysteine (P = 0.05) and cysteine (P = 0.04) and higher levels of PLP (P = 0.02) than COMT(HH) controls. In contrast, COMT(LL) (low activity COMT homozygote) cases had higher levels of homocysteine than COMT(LL) controls (P = 0.05). No associations were seen between B12, COMT genotype, and breast cancer risk. An increasing number of COMT(L) alleles was significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk in women with below median levels of folate (P(trend) = 0.05) or above median levels of homocysteine (P(trend) = 0.02). These findings are consistent with a role for certain folate pathway micronutrients in mediating the association between COMT genotype and breast cancer risk.
Cognitive Benefits of Physical Activity Increased when Producing Rhythmic Actions (2014)

The changes in human cognitive performance that take place after an acute session of physical activity (PA) have attracted much attention in later years. A variety of exercise protocols have reported that cognitive performance is facilitated after the cessation of exercise regardless of the exercise regimen (Chang et al., 2012) and more specifically, response execution and inhibition (reaction times) are shortened (e.g., Colcombe et al., 2003; Joyce et al., 2009). Nevertheless, less clear-cut results have been reported when considering the higher cognitive functions like action planning (Chang et al., 2011). In the present study, we predict that the absence of findings is primarily due to the fact that cyclic movements only have been used (cycling, walking, running). Considering the fact that motor planning requires the capacity to anticipate action consequences and determine the timed requirements to achieve sub-goals, we posit that significant impact of PA on the higher cognitive functions will be observed especially when using sequential activities that require the predictive timing of motor actions. Thirty-six young sedentary adults participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to a cycling, dancing, and reading group. Participants performed 4 sessions of 30 minutes of activity, on four separate days. The groups were matched for age and sex. A neuropsychological test battery was used at inclusion, and after each session to test for cognitive performance changes including the Tower of London and the Spatial-Tapping tests to assess motor planning and motor timing capacities more specifically. Results revealed a significant cognitive improvement in those individuals engaged in PA compared with the control group. The benefits on cognitive flexibility and inhibition capacities were greater in the dancing compared to the cycling group. More importantly, planning and timing abilities were observed in the dancing group only. We confirmed the cognitive and psychological benefits of a PA in healthy subjects. The benefits on motor planning and timing are most important when sequential activities are performed, probably due to the necessity during such activities to produce series of movements through space and time. These findings open the possibility of using sequential physical activities as new cognitive stimulation programs for improving timing capacities in clinical populations.
Nanostructured Semiconductor Films for Photocatalysis. Photoelectrochemical Behavior of SnO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>Composite Systems and Its Role in Photocatalytic Degradation of a Textile Azo Dye (1996)

Nanostructured semiconductor films of SnO2, TiO2 and SnO2/TiO2 have been employed for electrochemically assisted photocatalytic degradation of a textile azo dye naphthol blue black (NBB). The degradation rate is significantly higher for SnO2/TiO2 composite films than SnO2 and TiO2 films alone. An effort has been made to correlate the photoelectrochemical behavior of these films to the rate of photocatalytic degradation of NBB. The enhanced degradation rate of NBB using composite semiconductor films is attributed to increased charge separation in these systems. Photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic degradation experiments carried out in both nitrogen- and oxygen-saturated solutions with an externally applied electrochemical bias provide useful information in optimizing semiconductor concentrations in a composite film.
Ellipsometric Measurements of Passive Films on Si-Bearing Austenitic Stainless Steels (1983)

Passive films on 17Cr-14Ni stainless steels containing Si up to 4 mass% in 1.0kmol·m-3 Na2SO4 of pH 6.0 and 0.5kmol·m-3 H2SO4 of pH 0.2 have been measured by ellipsometry under potentiostatic control. Optical constants for film-free surfaces of these steels, determined in dehydrated methanol by tribo-ellipsometry, were used to analyze the thickness and optical constants of the films from measured values of ellipsometric parameters of film-covered surfaces.It was found that the optical constants of passive films formed in 1.0kmol·m-3 Na2SO4 of pH 6.0 tend to decrease with increasing Si content of the steel, while those of the films formed in 0.5kmol·m-3 H2SO4 of pH 0.2 were virtually independent of the Si content. The film thickness and its increase rate with potential became minimum at the Si content of 3 mass%. By AES analysis, Si in the passive films was found to be oxidized to SiO2.
Routes of Infection (1979)

Wound irrigates and tissue samples were cultured from clean orthopedic wounds at the conclusion of 280 orthopedic operations. The surgeons used a laminar flow unit and took extra precautions against wound contamination although personnel exhaust systems were not used. It was possible to culture residual organisms but difficult to trace the source of these by bacteriological methods. Artificial or "tracer" particles which could be applied to patient or surgeon were retrieved from the wound and suitably stained. Using albumin microspheres it was possible to identify and differentiate "patient-derived particles" from "surgeon-derived particles" in the majority of all wounds. Contamination from the surgeon was significant even under near optimum operating room conditions. These techniques are useful for development of control measures for residual wound contamination in orthopedic operating rooms.
Gastrointestinal side effects of drugs (2003)

Drugs can have adverse effects on any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from mouth to colon. It is essential that a detailed and accurate drug history is taken in patients presenting with GI complaints. Many drug-induced effects will regress or heal on cessation of treatment. NSAIDs are usually associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers but are also recognised to cause lichen planus in the mouth, oesophageal inflammation and strictures, and small bowel and colonic ulcers and strictures. A newer class of anti-inflammatory drugs, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective inhibitors, have been developed and have a more favourable GI safety profile than standard NSAIDs. Acute diarrhoea, relapse of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), microscopic colitis and acute pancreatitis are also induced by ingestion of standard NSAIDs. The calcium antagonists, phenytoin and cyclosporin, induce gum hyperplasia, particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene. Alendronate, a bisphosphonate, has been associated with development of oesophageal ulcers, and specific recommendations are now given to reduce this complication. Of the many different forms of colitis associated with drug ingestion, the most frequent is pseudomembranous colitis. This is a complication of antibiotics and is caused by the toxin produced by Clostridium difficile. Many drugs have been associated with the development of acute pancreatitis, although a definite cause and effect relationship has been shown for only a few drugs. These include didanosine, furosomide, corticosteroids, azathioprine and sodium valproate.
Human apurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) expression and prognostic significance in osteosarcoma: Enhanced sensitivity of osteosarcoma to DNA damaging agents using silencing RNA APE1 expression inhibition (2004)

Osteosarcoma is the most common highly malignant bone tumor with primary appearance during the second and third decade of life. It is associated with a high risk of relapse, possibly resulting from a developed resistance to chemotherapy agents. As a means to overcome osteosarcoma tumor cell resistance and/or to sensitize tumor cells to currently used chemotherapeutic treatments, we examined the role of human apurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in osteosarcoma tumor cell resistance and prognosis. Sixty human samples of archived conventional (intramedullary) osteosarcoma were analyzed. APE1 protein was elevated in 72% of these tissues and among those with a known clinical outcome, there was a significant correlation between high APE1 expression levels and reduced survival times. The remaining 28% of samples showed low expression of APE1. Given that APE1 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma, we decreased APE1 levels using silencing RNA (siRNA) targeting technology in the osteosarcoma cell line, human osteogenic sarcoma (HOS), to enhance chemo- and radiation sensitivity. Using siRNA targeted technology of APE1, protein levels were reduced by more than 90% within 24 hours, remained low for 72 hours, and returned to normal levels at 96 hours. There was also a clear loss of APE1 endonuclease activity following APE1-siRNA treatment. A decrease in APE1 levels in siRNA-treated human osteogenic sarcoma cells led to enhanced cell sensitization to the DNA damaging agents: methyl methanesulfonate, H(2)O(2), ionizing radiation, and chemotherapeutic agents. The findings presented here have both prognostic and therapeutic implications for treating osteosarcoma. The APE1-siRNA results demonstrate the feasibility for the therapeutic modulation of APE1 using a variety of molecules and approaches.
Motion planning under uncertainty for on-road autonomous driving (2014)

We present a motion planning framework for autonomous on-road driving considering both the uncertainty caused by an autonomous vehicle and other traffic participants. The future motion of traffic participants is predicted using a local planner, and the uncertainty along the predicted trajectory is computed based on Gaussian propagation. For the autonomous vehicle, the uncertainty from localization and control is estimated based on a Linear-Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) framework. Compared with other safety assessment methods, our framework allows the planner to avoid unsafe situations more efficiently, thanks to the direct uncertainty information feedback to the planner. We also demonstrate our planner's ability to generate safer trajectories compared to planning only with a LQG framework.
[A comparative study of two similar groups of 364 children treated for rheumatic fever according to identical protocols (1955--1961, 1965--1972) (author's transl)]. (1979)

From 1955 through 1972, all children admitted to two after-care centers for rheumatic fever were examined by the same physicians with the same diagnostic criteria and treated according to the same rules. A comparaison between two groups of children who were examined ten years apart has confirmed the changes which took place in the course of rheumatic fever during this period. The incidence of recidives recorded at admission has dropped considerably. Multiple recidives, too, have grown rarer. The incidence of the forms with cardiopathy at admission has dropped. This is, for the most part, due to the reduction in the number of recidives. The severity of cardiopathies has abated, too, and this goes irrespective of the number of previous attacks. The results of treatment in children with cardiopathy are identical in both groups. Treatment methods have not changed from the beginning to the ending of the study; there is a good ground for thinking that the advances observed are due principally to the secondary prevention and related, therefore, to improvements in the health education level, which leads to a recidive prevention better done than in the past.