gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Nanostructures Synthesized by Electrospray Antisolvent–Solvent Extraction and Intercalation (2015)

Perovskites based on organometal lead halides have attracted great deal of scientific attention recently in the context of solar cells and optoelectronic devices due to their unique and tunable electronic and optical properties. Herein, we show that the use of electrospray technique in conjunction with the antisolvent-solvent extraction leads to novel low-dimensional quantum structures (especially 2-D nanosheets) of CH3NH3PbI3- and CH3NH3PbBr3-based layered perovskites with unusual luminescence properties. We also show that the optical bandgaps and emission characteristics of these colloidal nanomaterials can be tuned over a broad range of visible spectral region by compositional tailoring of mixed-halide (I- and Br-based) perovskites.
Reproductive Behavior of the Papaya Fruit Fly, Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1983)

During field observations of papaya fruit flies, Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker, on papaya plants, most activity occurred in late afternoon and evening and was concentrated on or near fruit. Males mounted ovipositing or probing females in attempts to mate. Flies in a field cage generally mated when at least 6 days old. Oviposition occurred in all sizes of fruit available, as well as blossom buds, with multiple ovipositions in all fruit under both field and cage conditions. Males puffed the pleural areas of the abdomen during much of the day, possibly releasing pheromone.
Atomic-Scale Issues in Tribology:  Interfacial Junctions and Nano-elastohydrodynamics (1996)

Advances in computer-based modeling and simulation methodologies and capabilities, coupled with the emergence and development of high-resolution experimental techniques, allow investigations of tribological phenomena with unprecedented atomic-scale spatial and temporal resolution. We focus here on molecular dynamics simulations of formation and properties of interfacial junctions and on nano-elastohydrodynamics in sheared lubricated junctions. Simulations predict that upon approach of a metal tip to a surface a jump-to-contact instability occurs and that subsequent nanoindetation leads to plastic deformation of the gold surface. Retraction of the tip from the surface results in formation of a connective junction, or wire, of nanoscale dimensions, whose elongation mechanism consists of a series of plastic stress-accumulation and stress-relief stages which are accompanied by structural order−disorder transformations. These transformations involve multiple-glide processes. The yield-stress of a gold nanowire is predicted to be ∼3 GPa, which is an order of magnitude larger than that of bulk gold. Comparisons of the structural, mechanical and electrical properties of nanowires generated via elongation of junctions of initial very different dimensions, confirms that nanowires of similar nature are formed, irrespective of the history of the junctions. Shearing the junction occurs via an atomic-scale stick−slip mechanism characterized by a similar critical stress. The elongation process is reflected in hysteresis in the force versus tip-to-surface distance records, and in oscillatory behavior of the force. Measurements of room-temperature electronic transport in such pulled gold nanowires reveal periodic conductance quantization steps, in units of 2e2/h. Simulations of atomic-scale structure, dynamics, flow, and response characteristics of a thin film molecular hexadecane lubricant, confined and sheared by topographically nonuniform solid gold surfaces sliding at a relative velocity of 10 m/s, are described. The simulations reveal nanoscale processes which include the following: spatial and temporal variations in the density and pressure of the lubricant, particularly in the region confined by the approaching asperities, accompanied by asperity-induced molecular layering transitions which are reflected in oscillatory patterns in the friction force; dynamical formation of elastoplastic, or glassy, states of the lubricant in the interasperity zone; drastic asperity deformations mediated by the lubricant, leading to microstructural transformations of the nonuniform bounding solid surfaces; molecular trapping and formation of intermetallic junctions; and onset of cavitated zones in the lubricating fluid after the asperity−asperity collision process. The simulations extend micro-elastohydrodynamic continuum investigations into the nanoscale regime and provide molecular-scale insights into the fundamental mechanisms of ultrathin film lubrication phenomena under extreme conditions, which are of significance for modern technologies.
Joint Transmit and Receive Analog Beamforming in 60 GHz MIMO Multipath Channels (2009)

Analog beamforming (ABF) with one scalar weight per antenna is an attractive technique for low-cost, low-power 60 GHz multi-antenna wireless communication systems. However, the design of the corresponding joint transmit and receive (Tx/Rx) ABF optimization algorithms is still challenging in the case of multipath channels due to the constraint of having only one scalar weight per antenna. In this paper, we aim at maximizing the average signal to noise ratio (SNR) at the input of the equalizer and analytically derive close-to-optimal Tx/Rx scalar weights. We show that the required channel state information (CSI) for joint Tx/Rx ABF weights computation is the inner product between all Tx/Rx channel impulse response pairs. Taking the channel length into account, a training-based estimation strategy of this CSI is proposed. Simulation results carried out in a typical 60 GHz multipath environment show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing ABF schemes in term of BER performances.
New triple‐lumen balloon catheter for percutaneous (pulmonary) valvuloplasty (1986)

Percutaneous transluminal balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty has been performed since 1982. In publications, the most critical problems mentioned are severe systemic hypotension and bradycardia due to stasis of blood flow. A triple-lumen balloon was developed to allow more rapid inflation and deflation and to preserve the preexistent forward blood flow during maximal inflation. Only a slight systemic hypotension and no bradycardia were seen in the first two patients with pulmonary valve stenosis treated with this type of balloon. Thus, the maximal inflation time is not a critical parameter, whereas with the former types of balloon, maximal inflation times were critical, and, if longer than 5 to 10 sec, severe systemic hypotension was registered. We conclude that the triple-lumen pulmonary valve-dilatation balloon catheter is superior to the single-lumen balloon catheter used up to now.
심상자극과 GSR의 관계에 대한 예비연구 - 쾌,불쾌를 유발하는 심상자극과 암산과제에 대한 SCL 반응비교 (2002)

This study investigated the effects of mild mental imagery inducing pleasantness or unpleasantness and cognitive mental arithmetic task on skin conductance level. Subjects were f undergraduates(male 5, female 4). They were given the list of the words and asked to write down the liked objects and the disliked ones freely associated with these words. Among these objects the most-liked one and the most disliked one were selected as the self-induced mental imageries. Data-collection procedures were as follows ; first baseline, pleasant imagery, 2nd baseline, unpleasant imagery, finally 3rd baseline, and mental arithmetic task subtracting continuously 7 from the number 500. During these trials, the SCLs were recorded every 10 seconds. The results indicated that there were nonsignificant differences between the 3 trial-baselines ot each condition. This suggested that unlike the procedures used in the previous studies, our procedures would give the stability of the baseline level necessary for the comparison of the effects of several stimuli. Also, the level of skin conductance in mental arithmetic condition was significantly higher than that of the emotional mental imagery. This suggested the possibility that mental arithmetic task would gave rise to the higher physiological arousal in comparison to mental imageries. Overall, it was suggested that the procedures and the stimulus presentation methods used in this preliminary study could be useful for the data-collection techniques for The future study. Implications for the future study were presented.
Marine Corrosion Behavior of Bare and Metallic-Coated Steel Reinforcing Rods in Concrete (1977)

Concrete failure can develop from many causes, for example, thermal gradients, fatigue, insufficient cover, admixtures, rebar material, and exposure location. Cracking of concrete in itself was not found to be detrimental but could lead to spalling and structural deterioration. Metallic-coated rebars are shown to prevent concrete spalling.
S-Nitrosylation of mitochondrial caspases (2001)

Caspase-3 is a cysteine protease located in both the cytoplasm and mitochondrial intermembrane space that is a central effector of many apoptotic pathways. In resting cells, a subset of caspase-3 zymogens is S-nitrosylated at the active site cysteine, inhibiting enzyme activity. During Fas-induced apoptosis, caspases are denitrosylated, allowing the catalytic site to function. In the current studies, we sought to identify the subpopulation of caspases that is regulated by S-nitrosylation. We report that the majority of mitochondrial, but not cytoplasmic, caspase-3 zymogens contain this inhibitory modification. In addition, the majority of mitochondrial caspase-9 is S-nitrosylated. These studies suggest that S-nitrosylation plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial caspase function and that the S-nitrosylation state of a given protein depends on its subcellular localization.
Carbonyl Derivatives of Boradiazaindacene via Catalytic CO Insertion (2012)

A methodological study is presented dealing with carbopalladation reactions on BODIPY dyes bearing aryl-halogen functions. Using this technique, several ester and amide groups were efficiently introduced on the dyes. These changes do not affect the optical properties of the dyes and thus allow the construction of new BODIPY-based functional dyes with carboxylic anchoring groups or peptide links.
Syntheses of .beta.-diamines and .beta.-amino alcohols from .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones and aldehyde, methylamine, and borohydride reducing agents (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of .beta.-diamines and .beta.-amino alcohols from .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones and aldehyde, methylamine, and borohydride reducing agentsMarilyn G. Andrews and John A. MosboCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 4, 650–652Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00424a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00424a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views286Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Widespread p53 overexpression in human malignant tumors. An immunohistochemical study using methacarn-fixed, embedded tissue. (1992)

p53 is a nuclear protein believed to play an important role, through mutation and overexpression, in the progression of human malignant tumors. The authors employed a monoclonal antibody, 1801, and investigated overexpression of p53 in a series of 255 malignant and benign tumors, using deparaffinized sections of methacarn-fixed tissue. Overall, immunohistochemically detected p53 overexpression was found in 39% of malignant tumors, with considerable variation within individual tumor types (34% of breast carcinomas, 92% of ovarian carcinomas, 33% of soft tissue sarcomas). Homogenous, heterogenous, and focal immunostaining patterns were noted. With rare exceptions, no immunostaining of any benign tumors was noted. No immunostaining was found in adjacent, benign tissues, or in a series of fetal tissues. This is the first demonstration of widespread p53 overexpression in alcohol-fixed, embedded tissue and confirms the major role played by p53 in human malignancies.
Swapping of functional domains in voltage-gated K <sup>+</sup> channels (1991)

Functionally significant properties of domains in the amino acid sequence of potassium (K+) channel-forming proteins have been investigated by constructing chimeric K+ channels. The N-terminal domain of ShA2 channels was responsible for the fast inactivation (IKA) and also determined a shift in the threshold of activation whereas the membrane domain determined the timecourse of slow inactivation. The binding site for dendrotoxin (DTX), but not for mast cell degranulating peptide (MCDP), is completely located on the loop between the membrane spanning segments S5 and S6 in RCK1 channels. A certain part of this region which has recently been designated as a narrow part of the pore was found to be not responsible for the differences in the single-channel current amplitude between RCK4 and RCK2 K+ channels. Interchange of the C-terminal domain did not influence activation or inactivation of the channels.
The micro-anatomy of the lymph node of germ-free piglets. (1972)

Lymph nodes from germ-free piglets were examined by conventional histological techniques. Lymph nodes of germ-free piglets draining the site of injection of carbon particles were also examined. Germinal centres were not observed in the germ-free piglets. The results are discussed and it is suggested that, although the medullary and cortical tissue are reversed in position, the lymph node of the pig does not differ fundamentally from lymph nodes in other mammalian species.
A Resonant-Cavity Method for Measuring Dielectric Properties at Ultra-High Frequencies (1945)

A re-entrant cylindrical cavity has been adapted to measure the dielectric constant and power factor of small disk samples of insulating materials. The methods of measurement, mechanical details, and electrical coupling and detecting circuits are all described. A single cavity can be utilized only over a frequency range of about 1.5:1 ratio from lowest to highest frequency. Therefore, several different sized cavities would be required to cover a range of frequency from 50 to 1000 megacycles. An accuracy of ±0.00005 in tan δ and ±1 per cent in dielectric constant may be obtained in routine measurements. Because the cavity has a very high Q (>2000), it is much more sensitive to low power-factor dielectric samples than any conventional coil-and-capacitor resonant circuit. The chief advantages of this method are that the operation of the apparatus is simple, very rapid, and similar to the susceptance-variation technique now used at lower radio frequencies. Also, the involved computations usually found in other methods operative in this frequency range are eliminated.
OPTICAL TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENTS OF AN ANTI-FLASH SYSTEM (1960)

Evaluation tests were performed on an M-65 telescope as modified by the addition of a Kerr cell shutter system to provide observer protection from the intense flash of nuclear weapons. The evaluation tests consisted of the measurement of the transmission through the telescope of the radiant energy from a carbon-arc source and determination of the spectral transmission in the range 0.3 to 3.0 mu . A group of filters (polarizing, reflecting, and absorption types) were tested for transmission characteristics and ability to resist intense thermal radiation from a carbonarc source. (auth)
Ledgers and Law in the Blockchain (2015)

Author(s): Maurer, WM; DuPont, QI | Abstract: Most of the talk about Bitcoin has centered on its potential as a new form of currency, or on the use of the underlying technology as a new electronic value transfer platform or protocol. At the payments industry conference Money20/20 in the autumn of 2013, Bitcoin promoters were declaring that Bitcoin was “like SMTP [an email protocol] for money.” It promised a universal protocol allowing different existing payments providers to transfer value using the Bitcoin blockchain to any other endpoint. At the same conference, Bitcoin advocates were stickering the exhibit hall, posting hand-written signs, and passing out leaflets and magazines. By 2014, however, the promise of the protocol seemed to have come to fruition: Bitcoin-based payment providers like BitPay and Coinbase purchased elaborate booths for Money20/20, and had developed professional collateral to advertise their services—and, perhaps more importantly, showed their desire for legitimacy and market dominance alongside traditional payment providers, such as Western Union, Visa, or PayPal.
Optimization models for consumer flexibility aggregation in smart grids: The ADDRESS approach (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of optimal management of consumer flexibility in an electric distribution system. Aggregation of a number of consumers clustered according to appropriate criteria, is one of the most promising approaches for modifying the daily load profile at nodes of an electric distribution network. Modifying the daily load profile is recognized as one of the strongest needs both for safe and efficient operation of the network. The paper proposes an optimization approach allowing the aggregator, i.e., the operator which manages the aggregated consumers, to gather flexibility and generate bids for the energy market, with the aim of maximizing its revenue. It is shown that this problem can be solved through mixed integer linear programming. Numerical simulation results are provided for validating the proposed approach.
Theory of diffraction of guided optical waves by thick holograms (1975)

A theory is developed which describes the diffraction of guided optical beams into the same or other modes of the waveguide structure. Expressions are derived for the coupling constants connecting the incident and diffracted beams. Numerical calculations on a hypothetical waveguide structure indicate that, for holograms written at the intersection of two guided beams, the effects of modal dispersion are weak as long as neither the incident nor the diffracted modes are near cutoff. In the converse case, where one of these beams is near cutoff, strong effects of modal dispersion appear.
HIV-Based Vectors: Preparation and Use (2003)

The development of gene transfer vectors from lentiviruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), has opened exciting perspectives for the genetic treatment of a wide array of inherited and acquired diseases, because of their ability to achieve the efficient delivery, integration, and long-term expression of transgenes into dividing and nondividing cells both in vitro and in vivo.
An embedded sinusoidal transform codec with measured phases and sampling rate scalability (2002)

This paper describes an embedded sinusoidal transform codec that is scalable not only in bit-rate, but also in sampling rate. In a representative implementation, the system produces an embedded bit-stream at 3.2 and 6.4 kbit/s for telephone-bandwidth speech, and scales up to 9.6 kbit/s for 16 kHz sampled wideband speech. The 3.2 kbit/s codec is a sinusoidal transform codec with synthetic phases. The 6.4 kbit/s codec adds resolution to the spectral envelope and transmits measured phases of the eight lowest harmonics. The 9.6 kbit/s codec adds information in the 4 to 8 kHz band to provide higher quality wideband speech.
Effects of magnesium hydroxide in renal stone disease. (1982)

Magnesium is a known inhibitor of the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in the urine and was proposed for prophylactic treatment in renal stone disease as early as the 17th and 18th centuries. We have treated 55 patients with recurrent renal calcium stone disease without signs of magnesium deficiency (normal serum magnesium, urinary magnesium, intracellular magnesium in muscle biopsies, gastrointestinal absorption of 28Mg, and magnesium loading test) from our outpatient stone clinic for up to four years with 500 mg Mg2+, in the form of Mg(OH)2, daily. The mean stone episode rate before therapy was 0.8 stones/year/patient. Forty-three recurrent renal calcium stone-formers without medical therapy served as controls. Serum magnesium increased initially but after one year returned to the pretreatment level. Urinary magnesium excretion increased promptly and remained elevated during the follow-up period. The urinary calcium excretion remained unchanged. The magnesium/calcium ratio in the urine increased and approached a value earlier found in healthy subjects without stone disease. Urinary citrate increased on therapy when analysed after three years of treatment. The mean stone episode rate decreased from 0.8 to 0.08 stones/year on treatment and 85% of the patients remained free of recurrence during follow-up, whereas 59% of the patients in the control group continued their stone formation. Side effects were few. Magnesium treatment in renal calcium stone disease is effective with few side effects. No clinical signs of magnesium excess were observed.
Processing and evolution of the N-terminal region of the arterivirus replicase ORF1a protein: identification of two papainlike cysteine proteases (1995)

Two adjacent papainlike cysteine protease (PCP) domains, PCP alpha and PCP beta, were identified in the N-terminal region of the open reading frame 1a replicase proteins of the arteriviruses porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus. The replicase of the related virus equine arteritis virus contains only one active PCP in the corresponding region. Sequence comparison revealed that the equine arteritis virus PCP alpha counterpart probably was inactivated by loss of its catalytic Cys residue. For both porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, the generation of two processing products, nsp1 alpha and nsp1 beta, was demonstrated by in vitro translation. Site-directed mutagenesis and sequence comparison were used to identify the putative active-site residues of the PCP alpha and PCP beta protease domains and to show that they mediate the nsp1 alpha/1 beta and nsp1 beta/2 cleavages, respectively.
Efficient coupling of high-intensity subpicosecond laser pulses into solids (1993)

We demonstrate a new technique for enhancing the absorption of high-intensity, ultrashort-duration laser pulses by solids. Targets consisting of gold gratings and gold clusters were found to absorb greater than 90% of the incident high-intensity laser light. This is in contrast to less than 10% absorption by flat surfaces. As a result of this strong coupling of the laser to a high-density plasma, conversion efficiency of laser energy to x rays of greater than 1% was observed for x rays above 1 keV. Efficiency of nearly 25% was observed for emissions greater than 30 eV. These conversion efficiencies are more than an order of magnitude greater than those measured from flat targets.