gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytological study in the Iraqi speeies of the genus Bromus L. Poaceae) (2004)

This paper is a part of a cytological studies of the genus Bromus L. in Iraq . Cl number for 103 specimens ropro^eming l^species determined . The course of meiosis including an analysis of chromosome configuradon for 27 collections belonging to 8 species were investigated . Meiosis was regular in most species . Tetraploid for B.scoparius L. (new cytotype ) and hexaploid ?'or " Kunth. were re^rted for the first time, cytological findings were supported the view of maintaining the closely related species B.danthoniae Trin. and B.lanceolatus Roth, as distinct species .
Impairment of excitatory amino acid transporter activity by oxidative stress conditions in retinal cells: effect of antioxidants (1997)

In the present study we analyzed how oxidative stress conditions induced by ascorbate/ Fe2+ affect the excitatory amino acid (EAA) transport systems in cultured chick retina cells. The uptake of D-[3H]aspartate, which is transported by the same carrier as glutamate, was determined in control cells and in cells subjected to ascorbate/Fe2+. The uptake of this EAA was Na+ dependent and was inhibited by about 40% under oxidative stress conditions. To clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibition of D-[3H]aspartate uptake by ascorbate/Fe2+, we investigated the effect of vitamin E (Vit E), melatonin, reduced glutathione (GSH), and dithiothreitol (DTT) on the uptake of D-[3H]aspartate and on the extent of lipid peroxidation in control and in peroxidized cells. Preincubation with Vit E (100 microM) abolished lipid peroxidation, but had no significant effect on the inhibition of D-[3H]aspartate uptake evoked by ascorbate/Fe2+. Melatonin was more effective in reducing the formation of TBARS and conjugated dienes than in preventing the D-[3H]aspartate uptake inhibition evoked by the oxidant pair. Conversely, GSH (4 mM) and DTT (4 mM) completely prevented the inhibition of D-[3H]aspartate uptake in cells subjected to oxidative stress, but were without effect on the extent of peroxidation. Free fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, seem not to be involved in reducing the activity of the D-[3H]aspartate uptake system, whereas the reduction of the Na+ electrochemical gradient that occurs under oxidative stress was in part involved in the reduction of D-[3H]aspartate uptake by the cells. The inhibition of D-[3H]aspartate uptake by ascorbate/Fe2+ persisted for at least 1 h, but could be partially reverted by disulfide reducing agents. It is concluded that oxidative stress causes long-lasting modifications of the glutamate/D-[3H]aspartate transport system (or systems), such as oxidation of protein sulfhydryl (SH) groups, which can be recovered by some antioxidants.
The extended serial subculture of human diploid fibroblasts on microcarriers using a new medium supplement formulation (1992)

Human diploid fibroblasts serially passaged on microcarriers exhibit a decrease in their proliferative capacity with each transfer from microcarrier-to-microcarrier. This phenomenon, which does not occur in the same time scale with cells cultured in T-flasks, has been a serious barrier to the systematic utilization of microcarriers in the scale-up of anchorage-dependent human diploid cell cultures. This decreases in cell growth with each passage is shown to be related to the serum content of the medium, with high serum concentrations resulting in a more rapid decrease in cell growth with each serial transfer. As a result, methods for reducing the serum requirement of the cells were investigated. A new medium supplement mixture, PPRF92, has been developed, which allows the serial passaging of MRC5 cells on Cytodex 1 microcarriers through as many as 13 microcarrier-to-microcarrier transfers, and at a serum levels as low as 1%, with no decrease in the proliferative capacity of the cells until they approach their reported population doubling limit. This new supplement mixture is a significant improvement to microcarrier technology in that it enables the use of microcarriers in the early stages of inoculum build-up for the production purposes.
Freeze-thawed muscle grafting for painful cutaneous neuromas (1994)

We used freeze-thawed muscle grafts to restore continuity to the affected nerve in 22 painful cutaneous neuromas. In 11 of the 15 neuromas in the upper limb, pain was partially or completely relieved; in six of these there was some recovery of distal sensation. Partial pain relief was achieved in only two of the seven neuromas in the lower limb. The difference is attributed to the longer grafts required in the lower limb.
Carbon catabolite regulation of neoviridogrisein production by glucose. (1984)

The production of neoviridogrisein II, a peptidolactone antibiotic, was suppressed by glucose in Streptomyces griseoviridus G-89. Pyruvic acid accumulated in the glucose-supplemented culture. The glucose effect was correlated with inhibition by pyruvic acid but not with low pH of the culture broth.
Regulators of Oxidative Stress Response Genes in<i>Escherichia Coli</i>and Their Conservation in Bacteria (2016)

Bacterial responses to oxidative stress are complex, and they include both factors that prevent the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that are a normal by-product of metabolism and factors that repair damage caused by oxidative stress. An important biological imperative in bacteria is reducing the flux of reactive oxygen species within the cell by increasing levels of enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and hydroperoxidase, in addition to sequestering transition metals, particularly iron that can exacerbate oxidative stress through the production of hydroxyl radicals. Regulation of protective factors is mediated by conserved regulators, including OxyR, controlling catalase and peroxidases; the SoxRS system, controlling superoxide dismutase; and RpoS, the general stress response regulator that potentiates expression of key protective enzymes in the stationary phase. Other regulators that maintain intracellular iron levels are also key conserved components of the oxidative stress response.
Adobe InDesign CS2 @work : Projects You Can Use on the Job (At Work) (2005)

Adobe InDesign CS2 is a powerful, but complicated, page layout technology. Sure, learning how to use the various tools and techniques is important, but what you really need and want to know is how to put those tools and techniques to use to complete projects at work. That's where Adobe InDesign CS2 @ Work: Projects You Can Use on the Job comes into play. The InDesign tools and basics are introduced to you in the first three chapters. After that, you will accomplish a variety of real-world job tasks with detailed instructions that allow for personalization. The projects you will learn to tackle include: Business Collateral Marketing Materials Newspaper/Magazine Ads and Posters Brochures Interactive Reports/Presentations Monthly Newsletters Product Catalogues Order Forms Annual ReportsTips, tricks and notes provide you with the information that you need to carry over what you learn in Adobe InDesign CS2 @ Work: Projects You Can Use on the Job to your job. Put your knowledge and talents to work!i¾ I'm really impressed with Adobe InDesign @work: Projects You Can Use on the Job. Cate Indiano found just the right balance of easy step-by-step instructions and pertinent background information, including workflow, project management, and production issues. The example layouts and files are well-designed and provide real-world context for the entire book. You won't find any fluff here - just a combination of clear and purposeful text and screenshots.Adam Pratt, Application Engineer, Adobe Systems, Inc.Cate Indiano has produced a thorough, well thought out book. She's an excellent instructor and her focus on making sure her readers learn what they need to know to produce work efficiently in the real world is very evident in this book.Sterling Ledet, Sterling Ledet & Associates
Different mosaicism frequencies for proximal and distal Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) mutations indicate difference in etiology and recurrence risk. (1992)

In about 65% of the cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) a partial gene deletion or duplication in the dystrophin gene can be detected. These mutations are clustered at two hot spots: 30% at the hot spot in the proximal part of the gene and about 70% at a more distal hot spot. Unexpectedly we observed a higher frequency of proximal gene rearrangements among proved "germ line" mosaic cases. Of the 24 mosaic cases we are aware of, 19 (79%) have a proximal mutation, while only 5 (21%) have a distal mutation. This finding indicates that the mutations at the two hot spots in the dystrophin gene differ in origin. Independent support for the different mosaicism frequency was found by comparing the mutation spectra observed in isolated cases of DMD and familial cases of DMD. In a large two-center study of 473 patients from Brazil and the Netherlands, we detected a significant difference in the deletion distribution of isolated (proximal:distal ratio 1:3) and familial cases (ratio 1:1). We conclude from these data that proximal deletions most likely occur early in embryonic development, causing them to have a higher chance of becoming familial, while distal deletions occur later and have a higher chance of causing only isolated cases. Finally, our findings have important consequences for the calculation of recurrence-risk estimates according to the site of the deletion: a "proximal" new mutant has an increased recurrence risk of approximately 30%, and a "distal" new mutant has a decreased recurrence risk of approximately 4%.
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Platinum Antitumor Drugs (2008)

Cisplatin, a simple inorganic compound, has been one of the leading antitumor drugs for near 30 years. However, cisplatin has several drawbacks such as toxicity and drug resistance. Therefore, much attention has been focused on the development of new platinum complexes with improved pharmacological properties and a broader spectrum of activity to tumors. The recent advance of research on the molecular mechanisms of drug action and the cellular mechanisms of the emergence of resistance to cisplatin assists the rational design of new classes of platinum antitumor drugs, though details of both mechanisms still remain elusive. Information on DNA binding mode of platinum complexes, recognition and repair of DNA damage is instructive. Since several not cis isomers but trans isomers and not neutral complexes but cation complexes have been found active in vitro and in vivo, the early empirical structure-activity relationships of cisplatin analogues should be reevaluated. The hypothesis that platinum complexes which bind to DNA in a different manner will have different pharmacological properties has been tested, and now cationic multi-nuclear complexes and even trans-platinum complexes comprise unique classes of antitumor platinum-based agents with chemical and biological properties different from cisplatin. These new type platinum complexes are often effective to acquired cisplatin resistant tumor cells. In conclusion, the following complexes appear to offer great potential as new antitumor agents: (1) Complexes with distinctively different DNA interaction modes from cisplatin, which may circumvent intrinsic and acquired resistance to cisplatin through eluding the vigilance of DNA repair systems and (2) complexes with different tissue distribution or mechanisms of membrane transport which may exhibit a different spectrum of activity.
Role of membrane sphingomyelin and ceramide in platform formation for Fas-mediated apoptosis (2005)

Engagement of the Fas receptor (CD95) initiates multiple signaling pathways that lead to apoptosis, such as the formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), activation of caspase cascades, and the generation of the lipid messenger, ceramide. Sphingomyelin (SM) is a major component of lipid rafts, which are specialized structures that enhance the efficiency of membrane receptor signaling and are a main source of ceramide. However, the functions of SM in Fas-mediated apoptosis have yet to be clearly defined, as the responsible genes have not been identified. After cloning a gene responsible for SM synthesis, SMS1, we established SM synthase-defective WR19L cells transfected with the human Fas gene (WR/Fas-SM(-)), and cells that have been functionally restored by transfection with SMS1 (WR/Fas-SMS1). We show that expression of membrane SM enhances Fas-mediated apoptosis through increasing DISC formation, activation of caspases, efficient translocation of Fas into lipid rafts, and subsequent Fas clustering. Furthermore, WR/Fas-SMS1 cells, but not WR/Fas-SM(-) cells, showed a considerable increase in ceramide generation within lipid rafts upon Fas stimulation. These data suggest that a membrane SM is important for Fas clustering through aggregation of lipid rafts, leading to Fas-mediated apoptosis.
VEVI: A Virtual Environment Teleoperations Interface for Planetary Exploration (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Remotely operating complex robotic mechanisms in unstructured natural environments is difficult at best. When the communications time delay is large, as for a Mars exploration rover operated from Earth, the difficulties become enormous. Conventional approaches, such as rate control of the rover actuators, are too inefficient and risky. The Intelligent Mechanisms Laboratory at the NASA Ames Research Center has developed over the past four years an architecture for operating science exploration robots in the presence of large communications time delays. The operator interface of this system is called the Virtual Environment Vehicle Interface (VEVI), and draws heavily on Virtual Environment (or Virtual Reality) technology. This paper describes the current operational version of VEVI, which we refer to as version 2.0. In this paper we will describe the VEVI design philosophy and implementation, and will describe some past examples of its use in field science exploration missions.</b></div>
Isolation and Identification of the Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator and Its Relation to Hyperthyroidism and Circumscribed Pretibial Myxedema1 (1964)

Long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) was found in the plasma in each of 7 subjects with circumscribed, pretibial myxedema, which in every instance had developed after surgical or radioiodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Using a potent plasma from one of these subjects, a bio-assay method for the quantitative measurement of LATS was developed which was used in subsequent fractionation and recovery experiments. By fractional precipitation of the proteins of LATS plasma by acid potassium phosphate, followed by gel filtration of the active fraction through diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex, LATS was eluted with a single protein moiety and was recovered in 60–80% yield with an 8-fold increase in purity. Analysis by the methods of ultracentrifugation, paper electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, double diffusion in agar, and sucrose gradient separation confirmed the presence of a single protein which was identified as a 7S gamma globulin. Incubation of LATS with antihuman-7S antibody or digestion of LATS by papain destroyed its biologic activity. Incubation of LATS plasma with dog or human thyroid tissue reduced the apparent yield of LATS. Pretreatment of the test animal with actinomycin D or puromycin markedly inhibited the assay response to administered LATS and TSH. Oral corticosteroid therapy resulted in a marked fall in plasma LATS concentration, and improvement of pretibial lesions, but relapse occurred upon drug withdrawal. Marked improvement of the pretibial lesions was achieved by local application of a corticosteroid cream under an occlusive dressing. These observations are considered in relation to an antibody role for LATS.
Consumer Perceptions of CPA WebTrust<sup>SM</sup> Assurances: Evidence of an Expectation Gap (1999)

The AICPA/CICA has established WebTrust SM to respond to consumer concerns about the risks of making purchases over the Internet. While WebTrust SM provides assurances related to Internet vendors' business and security practices, it does not provide assurances with respect to product or service quality. This paper examines perceptions of the assurances provided by WebTrust SM and the effect of WebTrust SM on the willingness to make Internet purchases by asking 106 accounting majors to complete a case concerning a company engaging in electronic commerce. Results suggest that, while WebTrust SM provided no additional assurances with respect to business and security practices, it resulted in higher perceived product quality. This paper also finds that product quality is the most important determinant of subjects' willingness to purchase from a Web site displaying the WebTrust SM seal. The results suggest an expectation gap and suggest that the AICPA/CICA should examine closely the value added by WebTrust SM and better communicate its purpose.
Concentrated Differentially Private Gradient Descent with Adaptive per-Iteration Privacy Budget (2018)

Iterative algorithms, like gradient descent, are common tools for solving a variety of problems, such as model fitting. For this reason, there is interest in creating differentially private versions of them. However, their conversion to differentially private algorithms is often naive. For instance, a fixed number of iterations are chosen, the privacy budget is split evenly among them, and at each iteration, parameters are updated with a noisy gradient.
Query-based partitioning of documents and indexes for information lifecycle management (2008)

Regulations require businesses to archive many electronic documents for extended periods of time. Given the sheer volume of documents and the response time requirements, documents that are unlikely to ever be accessed should be stored on an inexpensive device (such as tape), while documents that are likely to be accessed should be placed on a more expensive, higher-performance device. Unfortunately, traditional data partitioning techniques either require substantial manual involvement, or are not suitable for read-rarely workloads. In this paper, we present a novel technique to address this problem. We estimate the future access likelihood for a document based on past workloads of keyword queries and the click-through behavior for top-K query answers, then use this information to drive partitioning decisions. Our overall best scheme, the document-split inverted index, does not require any parameter tuning and yet performs close to the optimal partitioning strategy. Experiments show that document-split partitioning improves performance on a large intranet query workload by a factor of 4 when we add a fast storage server that holds 20% of the data.
Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of Cyperus longus extract, fractions and its essential oil on the PC3 and MCF7 cancer cell lines (2015)

Cyperus longus is one of the Iranian endemic species. However, to date, and to the best of our knowledge, there are no availale academic reports on the cytotoxicity of this plant. Thus, this study was carried out to examine the <i>in vitro</i> anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of Cyperus longus extract, fractions and essential oil (EO) on MCF7 and PC3 cell lines. The chemical constituents of EO were identified using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. The cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and incubated with various concentrations of the plant extract and fractions. Cell viability was quantified by MTT assay following 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure to (12.5-200 µg/ml) of the methanol extract, the dichloromethane (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water fractions, as well as the EO of the plant. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined using propidium iodide staining of DNA fragments by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). The most effective fraction in the MCF7 cell line was the CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> fraction (IC<sub>50</sub> after 48 h, 25.34±2.01). The EtOAc fraction (IC<sub>50</sub> after 48 h, 35.2±2.69) and the methanol extract (IC<sub>50</sub> after 48 h, 64.64±1.64) were also found to be effective. The IC<sub>50</sub> values obtained for the PC3 cell line were 37.97±3.87, 51.57±3.87 and 70.33±2.36 for the CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> fraction, the EtOAc fraction and the methanol extract, respectively. Based on these data and due to the partial polarity of the most effective fraction (the CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> fraction), we also examined the cytotoxicity of the plant EO. The IC<sub>50</sub> values after 48 h were 22.25±4.25 and 12.55±3.65 in the PC3 and MCF7 cell lines, respectively. DNA fragmentation assay also confirmed these data. Performing GC-MS analysis for the plant EO revealed that β-himachalene (10.81%), α-caryophyllene oxide (7.6%), irisone (4.78%), β-caryophyllene oxide (4.36%), humulene oxide (12%), viridiflorol (4.73%), aristolone (6.39%) and longiverbenone (6.04%) were the main constituents. Our results demonstrated that two of the constituents of Cyperus longus, viridiflorol and longiverbenone, should be investigated further as possible promising chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
Calcium Store Stability as an Antiarrhythmic Endpoint (2014)

Cardiac arrhythmias are electrical phenomena; thus, sarcolemmal ion channels have long been considered as targets of antiarrhythmic therapy. The contribution of abnormal intracellular Ca(2+) handling to digitalis-induced arrhythmogenesis is an old concept; however, the role of abnormal Ca(2+) handling as a common cause of arrhythmia, i.e. relevant to all arrhythmogenic mechanisms, has been fully recognized in more recent times. Stability of the intracellular Ca(2+) store (sarcoplasmic reticulum, SR) is crucial to physiological Ca(2+) handling; when it is compromised, Ca(2+) may be released independently from excitation and lead to secondary perturbation of membrane potential. Ca(2+) store stability depends on the interplay between sarcolemmal and SR "effectors" (ion channels and transports), which are mutually linked by Ca(2+)-mediated feed-back control. While instrumental to cell homeostasis, such control makes any attempt to modulate SR stability dauntingly complex. This review discusses current knowledge on the factors leading to SR instability, the mechanisms by which SR instability translates into arrhythmias and which interventions may be best suited to prevent SR instability. Although still at an initial stage of development, such interventions might represent the future of antiarrhythmic drug therapy.
Adaptation and specialization for high performance mobile agents (1999)

Mobile agents as a new design paradigm for distributed computing\npotentially permit network applications to operate across\ndynamic and heterogeneous systems and networks.\nAgent computing, however, is subject to inefficiencies due to\nthe complexities of the environments in which agents are\ndeployed, which requires agent-based programs to rely on underlying\nagent systems to mask some of those complexities, by using\nsystem-wide, uniform representations of agent code and data and\nby 'hiding' the volatility in agents' 'spatial' relationships.\n\nThis paper explores two approaches for improving the performance\nof agent-based programs: (1) runtime adaptation and (2) agent\nspecialization. Our general aim is to enable programmers\nto employ these techniques to improve program performance without\nsacrificing the fundamental advantages promised by mobile agent\nprogramming. The specific results in this paper demonstrate the\nbeneficial effects of agent adaptation both for a single mobile\nagent and for several cooperating agents, using the adaptation\ntechniques of agent morphing and agent fusion.\nExperimental results are attained with two sample high performance\ndistributed applications, derived from the scientific domain\nand from sensor-based codes, respectively.