gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
`Cyclic alopecia' in<i>Msx2</i>mutants: defects in hair cycling and hair shaft differentiation (2002)

Msx2-deficient mice exhibit progressive hair loss, starting at P14 and followed by successive cycles of wavelike regrowth and loss. During the hair cycle, Msx2 deficiency shortens anagen phase, but prolongs catagen and telogen. Msx2-deficient hair shafts are structurally abnormal. Molecular analyses suggest a Bmp4/Bmp2/Msx2/Foxn1 acidic hair keratin pathway is involved. These structurally abnormal hairs are easily dislodged in catagen implying a precocious exogen. Deficiency in Msx2 helps to reveal the distinctive skin domains on the same mouse. Each domain cycles asynchronously - although hairs within each skin domain cycle in synchronized waves. Thus, the combinatorial defects in hair cycling and differentiation, together with concealed skin domains, account for the cyclic alopecia phenotype.
Myocardial proteases and cardiac remodeling (2017)

Cardiac hypertrophy (CH), characterized by the enlargement of cardiomyocytes, fibrosis and apoptosis, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite the advances in cardiovascular research, there remains a need to further investigate the signaling pathways that mediate CH in order to identify novel therapeutic targets. One of the hallmarks of CH is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Multiple studies have shown an important role of cysteine proteases and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the remodeled heart. This review focuses on the role of cysteine cathepins and MMPs in cardiac remodeling.
시간의 밖에 서다 -W. G. 제발트의 기억풍경 (2012)

In vorliegender Arbeit wird das Zeitverstandnis in W. G. Sebalds Text Austerlitz(2001) behandelt. Sein Verstandnis der Zeit ist, wie es bei Philosophen ublich ist, weder eine schematische Begriffsbestimmung von der Zeit noch deren argumentative Ergrundung, sondern zeigt sich vor allem in seiner Haltung angesichts der Zeit. Solange er sich als Schriftsteller begreiftt, bedeutet diese Haltung eine epische Gegenreaktion gegen die zerstorerische Wirkung der Zeit. Sein formgebender Wille, der in dieser Haltung enthalten ist, konstituiert also seine schriftstellerische Identitat. Der Text Austerlitz ist, vereinfacht gesagt, eine Art von Gedachtnislandschaft. In dieser Gedachtnislandschaft verlangt der Dichter nach einer auserhalb der Zeit stehenden anderen Wirklichkeit. Was ist diese auserhalb der Zeit stehende Wirklichkeit? Sie ist nicht die vorhandene, lineare, physikalische Zeit, sondern eine fiktionale und imaginierte Zeit, die diese ubersteigt. Letztere ist eher eine dynamische, erstere hingegen eine starre. In der anderen Zeit werfen wir Fragen auf wie die, was wir im heutigen Leben vernachlassigt haben, wie fern die jetzige Wirklichkeit von den ursprunglichen Traume und Wunsche liegt und wie sie dadurch zu einem Widerspruch zu diesen geraten ist. Austerlitz beschreibt in dieser ``von Grund auf verkehrten`` Welt eine andere Zeit und eine andere Wirklichkeit als die vorhandene, indem er auser der Zeit sein will. Die Moglichkeit der anderen Zeit wird in der konkreten Zeiterfahrung vermittels Erinnerung fiktional imaginiert. Die literarische Gedachtnislandschaft Sebalds entwickelt sich im Spannungsverhaltnis zwischen dem Vergangenen und dem Gegenwartigen, Fakt und Imagination. Seine Prosa ist ein melancholisches Zeugnis von der vergangenen Zeit durch die Erinnerung aber auch ein erhellender Prospekt von kommenden Zeiten. Lichtere Verhaltnisse werden uns nur durch intensive Fixierung der Dunkelheit fur eine Zeit lang geschenkt.
Trypsin-catalysed transpeptidations (1954)

The way 'in which proteins are formed in nature is so far obscure. It is generally considered that transpeptidation reactions may play a part in the process The transamidation re- action may be written: XNH.CHR.CO+,4NHY+Z .NHa + XNH. CHR. CO. NHZ + Y. NH,. Thus in an early example (Bergmann & Fraenkel-
All-ITO gate, two-phase CCD image sensor technology (2004)

A new, all-ITO gate, two-phase CCD technology is presented. It features low dark current, excellent charge transfer efficiency, and more than 2/spl times/ improvement in quantum efficiency (QE) at shorter visible and near-ultraviolet wavelengths. A novel "spectral smoothing" feature improves QE wavelength variation and flat-field response uniformity.
Peritoneal dialysis with solutions low in glucose degradation products is associated with improved biocompatibility profile towards peritoneal mesothelial cells (2004)

These results suggest that therapy with new pH-neutral low-GDP solutions contribute to an intraperitoneal milieu that improves mesothelial cell proliferation and viability. It may positively impact on the preservation of the peritoneal membrane integrity during long-term dialysis.
Voided Cyclo-Olefin Polymer Films: Ferroelectrets with High Therimal Stability (2006)

Recently, new ferroelectrets were developed from foams of polyethylene terephthalate and of cyclo-olefin polymers and copolymers. Here, we focus on ferroelectret films based on compounds of cyclo-olefin polymers. Suitable compounding and preparation led to cyclo-olefin polymer ferroelectrets which show an electromechanical activity of around 15 pC/N that is thermally stable at least up to 110/spl deg/C. We discuss the preparation, the electrical charging and the electromechanical activity, the short-and long-term thermal stability as well as the electro-acoustical properties of an eight-layer cyclo-olefin film stack. The results obtained on the cyclo-olefin foams represent a significant improvement of the service temperature of ferroelectret transducer materials.
Accelerometers used for the detection of nocturnal frontal lobe seizures in pediatric patients (2010)

Long term home monitoring (multiple weeks) of patients with epilepsy is yet non existing. Frontal lobe seizures, the seizures we want to monitor, often causes bicycle pedaling movements or uncontrolled movements with the arms. A detection system with accelerometers, attached to the limbs, is investigated for the purpose of long term home monitoring. Datasets from four patients suffering from nocturnal frontal lobe seizures are used in this paper for the development of an automatic detection algorithm. After a data reduction step, movement epochs are detected by comparing the calculated standard deviation of a sliding window to a threshold. Afterwards a moving average filter is applied and thresholds are set to the signals of the four accelerometers in order to classify an event into an epileptic seizure or into normal movement. This resulted for three patients in a sensitivity and a PPV of 100%, for the other patient the sensitivity was 100% and the PPV was 30,18%.
The metabolism of human mesenchymal stem cells during proliferation and differentiation (2010)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reside under hypoxic conditions in vivo, between 4% and 7% oxygen. Differentiation of MSCs under hypoxic conditions results in inhibited osteogenesis, while chondrogenesis is unaffected. The reasons for these results may be associated with the inherent metabolism of the cells. The present investigation measured the oxygen consumption, glucose consumption and lactate production of MSCs during proliferation and subsequent differentiation towards the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. MSCs expanded under normoxia had an oxygen consumption rate of ∼98 fmol/cell/h, 75% of which was azide-sensitive, suggesting that these cells derive a significant proportion of ATP from oxidative phosphorylation in addition to glycolysis. By contrast, MSCs differentiated towards the chondrogenic lineage using pellet culture had significantly reduced oxygen consumption after 24 h in culture, falling to ∼12 fmol/cell/h after 21 days, indicating a shift towards a predominantly glycolytic metabolism. By comparison, MSCs retained an oxygen consumption rate of ∼98 fmol/cell/h over 21 days of osteogenic culture conditions, indicating that these cells had a more oxidative energy metabolism than the chondrogenic cultures. In conclusion, osteogenic and chondrogenic MSC cultures appear to adopt the balance of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis reported for the respective mature cell phenotypes. The addition of TGF-β to chondrogenic pellet cultures significantly enhanced glycosaminoglycan accumulation, but caused no significant effect on cellular oxygen consumption. Thus, the differences between the energy metabolism of chondrogenic and osteogenic cultures may be associated with the culture conditions and not necessarily their respective differentiation.
SOME MEDIUM-SIZED TREES FOR TOWN PLANTING (1972)

(1972). SOME MEDIUM-SIZED TREES FOR TOWN PLANTING. Arboricultural Association Journal: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 63-70.
Fabrication of spintronics device by direct synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes from ferromagnetic electrodes (2008)

We describe an alternative method for realizing a carbon nanotube spin field-effect transistor device by the direct synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on substrates by alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition. We observed hysteretic magnetoresistance (MR) at low temperatures due to spin-dependent transport. In these devices, the maximum ratio in resistance variation of MR was found to be 1.8%.
Adiabatic Compression of Tokamak Discharges (1970)

Adiabatic compression in minor and major radius is shown to facilitate the attainment of dense, high-temperature plasmas in the tokamak configuration.
High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope Observation of Zero-Strain Deformation Twinning Mechanisms in Ag (2011)

We have observed a new deformation-twinning mechanism using the high resolution transmission electron microscope in polycrystalline Ag films, zero-strain twinning via nucleation, and the migration of a Σ3{112} incoherent twin boundary (ITB). This twinning mechanism produces a near zero macroscopic strain because the net Burgers vectors either equal zero or are equivalent to a Shockley partial dislocation. This observation provides new insight into the understanding of deformation twinning and confirms a previous hypothesis: detwinning could be accomplished via the nucleation and migration of Σ3{112} ITBs. The zero-strain twinning mechanism may be unique to low staking fault energy metals with implications for their deformation behavior.
Cyclodextrin-based supramolecular polymers (2009)

Recently, supramolecular chemistry has been expanding to supramolecular polymer chemistry. The combination of cyclic molecules and linear polymers has provided many kinds of intriguing supramolecular architectures, such as rotaxanes and catenanes. This tutorial review overviews construction of some supramolecular architectures formed by cyclodextrins or their derivatives with guest molecules. In the first part, the construction of supramolecular structures of cyclodextrins with some polymers (polyrotaxanes) is described. In the second part, formation of supramolecular oligomers and polymers formed by cyclodextrin derivatives is described.
An Introduction to Reconfigurable Systems (2015)

Reconfigurability can be thought of as software-defined functionality, where flexibility is controlled predominately through the specification of bit patterns. Reconfigurable systems can be as simple as a single switch, or as abstract and powerful as programmable matter. This paper considers the generalization of reconfigurable systems as an important evolving discipline, bolstered by real-world archetypes such as field programmable gate arrays and software-definable radio (platform and application, respectively). It considers what reconfigurable systems actually are, their motivation, their taxonomy, the fundamental mechanisms and architectural considerations underlying them, designing them and using them in applications. With well-known real-world instances, such as the field programmable gate array, the paper attempts to motivate an understanding of the many possible directions and implications of a new class of system which is fundamentally based on the ability to change.
Competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of sulfamethazine residues in swine urine and muscle tissue. (1989)

A sensitive assay for the detection of sulfamethazine in swine urine and muscle tissue using a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed. Undiluted urine or a phosphate-buffered saline extract of pork muscle tissue is mixed with an enzyme-labeled conjugate of sulfamethazine and horseradish peroxidase. The mixture is added to wells of a microtiter plate coated with antibody to sulfamethazine. After the test system is incubated, washed, and re-incubated with substrate and the reaction is stopped, the absorbance is measured at 405 nm. Levels of sulfamethazine as low as 20 ng sulfamethazine/g muscle tissue and 10 ng sulfamethazine/mL swine urine were detected and estimated.
Quantitative proton MR spectroscopic imaging of the human brain (1996)

Multislice proton MR spectroscopic images (SI) of the brain were quantitated, using the phantom replacement technique. In 16 normal volunteers, ranging in age from 5 to 74 years, average "whole brain" concentrations of choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) were found to be 2.4 +/- 0.4, 7.9 +/- 1.3, and 11.8 +/- 1.0 (mM, mean +/- SD), respectively. These values are in good general agreement with those previously determined by single-voxel localization techniques. Cortical gray matter was found to have lower Cho and NAA levels, compared to those of white matter, corpus callosum, and basal ganglia. Cho was also found to increase significantly with age in several locations. Quantitative multislice proton Si is feasible in the clinical environment, and regional and age-dependent variations occur that must be accounted for when evaluating spectra from pathological conditions.
NOTES ON THE ECOLOGY AND ANNUAL CYCLE OF CARYCHIUM TRIDENTATUM AT BOX HILL (1954)

NOTES ON THE ECOLOGY AND ANNUAL CYCLE OF CARYCHIUM TRIDENTATUM AT BOX HILL Get access J.E. MORTON J.E. MORTON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Molluscan Studies, Volume 31, Issue 2, 31 December 1954, Pages 30–46, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064723 Published: 31 December 1954 Article history Received: 11 June 1954 Published: 31 December 1954
Transverse mode control in semiconductor lasers (1973)

A general formula for the transverse fundamental mode of oscillation (FMO) in a semiconductor laser is found, taking account of the saturation effect. The formula is applied to two specific cases, and the oscillation condiditions are discussed in detail for typical geometries, including the mesa-stripe geometry.
Origin of Nanobubbles Electrochemically Formed in a Magnetic Field: Ionic Vacancy Production in Electrode Reaction (2016)

As a process complementing conventional electrode reactions, ionic vacancy production in electrode reaction was theoretically examined; whether reaction is anodic or cathodic, based on the momentum conservation by Newton's second law of motion, electron transfer necessarily leads to the emission of original embryo vacancies, and dielectric polarization endows to them the same electric charge as trans- ferred in the reaction. Then, the emitted embryo vacancies immediately receive the thermal relaxation of solution particles to develop steady-state vacancies. After the vacancy production, nanobubbles are created by the collision of the vacancies in a vertical magnetic field.
High energy resolution scintillation spectrometers (2004)

In this paper, we report on cerium doped scintillator-LaBr/sub 3/ : Ce for gamma ray spectroscopy. Crystals of this scintillator have been grown using the Bridgman process. This material when doped with cerium has high light output (>60 000 photons/MeV) and fast principal decay constant (<30 ns). The peak of LaBr/sub 3/ : Ce emission is at 360 nm. LaBr/sub 3/ : Ce shows excellent energy resolution for gamma ray detection. For 662 keV gamma rays (/sup 137/Cs source), energy resolution of 2.6% (full-width at half-maximum) has been recorded at room temperature for LaBr/sub 3/ : Ce crystals coupled to a photomultiplier. This energy resolution is over two times better than that of NaI(Tl) scintillators. Analysis of the energy resolution of LaBr/sub 3/ : Ce scintillators is presented. Energy resolution of LaBr/sub 3/ : Ce crystals coupled to silicon avalanche photodiodes is also discussed.
Dependence of RIG-I Nucleic Acid-Binding and ATP Hydrolysis on Activation of Type I Interferon Response (2016)

Exogenous nucleic acids induce an innate immune response in mammalian host cells through activation of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). We evaluated RIG-I protein for RNA binding and ATPase stimulation with RNA ligands to investigate the correlation with the extent of immune response through RIG-I activation in cells. RIG-I protein favored blunt-ended, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) ligands over sticky-ended dsRNA. Moreover, the presence of the 5'-triphosphate (5'-ppp) moiety in dsRNA further enhanced binding affinity to RIG-I. Two structural motifs in RNA, blunt ends in dsRNA and 5'-ppp, stimulated the ATP hydrolysis activity of RIG-I. These structural motifs also strongly induced IFN expression as an innate immune response in cells. Therefore, we suggest that IFN induction through RIG-I activation is mainly determined by structural motifs in dsRNA that increase its affinity for RIG-I protein and stimulate ATPase activity in RIG-I.
Formation of <i>N</i>-Nitroso Compounds in Foods (1981)

N-Nitrosamines, formed principally from the reaction of naturally occurring secondary amines with nitrites that may be added to foods or produced by bacterial reduction of nitrates, have been identified in many food systems including cured meat products, nonfat dried milk, dried malt and beer. In addition, the presence of less volatile and non-volatile N-nitroso compounds or their precursors in foods have been suggested from a number of model system studies. This paper reviews the possible formation of these compounds in selected food products as well as identifying several future research areas.
The effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin II receptor antagonist on insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats (2000)

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and an angiotensin II receptor (AT) antagonist on insulin resistance, especially on muscle fiber composition in fructose-induced insulin-resistant and hypertensive rats. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either normal rat chow (control) or a fructose-rich diet (FFR). For the last two weeks of a six-week period of either diet, the rats were treated with gum arabic solution as a vehicle (control or FFR), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (FFR+ACE), temocapril (1 mg/kg/ day) or an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (FFR+AT), CS-866 (0.3 mg/kg/day), by gavage, and then the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique was performed to evaluate insulin sensitivity. At the end of the glucose clamp, the soleus muscle was dissected for determination of the muscle fiber composition by ATPase methods. Blood pressure at the glucose clamp in the FFR group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and both temocapril and CS-866 significantly lowered the blood pressure of the FFR group. The average rate of glucose infusion during the glucose clamp, as a measure of insulin sensitivity (M value), was significantly lower in the FFR rats compared to the controls (15.4 +/- 0.4, 10.9 +/- 0.6 mg/kg/min, for control and FFR, respectively, P < .01). Both temocapril and CS-866 partially improved the M values compared to FFR (13.2 +/- 0.7, 12.8 +/- 0.5 mg/kg/min, for FFR+ACE, FFR+AT, respectively, P < .01 compared with FFR, P < .05 compared with control). The composite ratio of type I fibers of the soleus muscle was decreased significantly in the FFR rats compared with the controls (82% +/- 2%, 75% +/- 2%, for control and FFR, respectively, P < .01), and both temocapril and CS-866 restored a composite ratio of type I fibers to the same level as that of the controls (81% +/- 1%, 80% +/- 1% for FFR+ACE and FFR+AT, respectively). The M value was significantly correlated with the composition of type I and type II fibers. These results suggest that the fiber composition of skeletal muscle is correlated to insulin resistance, and that both ACE inhibitors and AT antagonists may modulate the muscle fiber composition in a hypertensive and insulin-resistant animal model, fructose-fed rats, to the same extent.
Control of Probe Density at DNA Biosensor Surfaces Using Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lysine) with Appended Reactive Groups (2018)

Biosensors and materials for biomedical applications generally require chemical functionalization to bestow their surfaces with desired properties, such as specific molecular recognition and antifouling properties. The use of modified poly(l-lysine) (PLL) polymers with appended oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) and thiol-reactive maleimide (Mal) moieties (PLL-OEG-Mal) offers control over the presentation of functional groups. These reactive groups can readily be conjugated to, for example, probes for DNA detection. Here we demonstrate the reliable conjugation of thiol-functionalized peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes onto predeposited layers of PLL-OEG-Mal and the control over their surface density in the preceding synthetic step of the PLL modification with Mal groups. By monitoring the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) frequency shifts of the binding of complementary DNA versus the density of Mal moieties grafted to the PLL, a linear relationship between probe density and PLL grafting density was found. Cyclic voltammetry experiments using Methylene Blue-functionalized DNA were performed to establish the absolute probe density values at the biosensor surfaces. These data provided a density of 1.2 × 10<sup>12</sup> probes per cm<sup>2</sup> per % of grafted Mal, thus confirming the validity of the density control in the synthetic PLL modification step without the need of further surface characterization.
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE-CREATINE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE FROM OX BRAIN. 2. PROPERTIES AND FUNCTION (1963)

The properties and structure of adenosine tri- phosphate-creatine phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.3.2) from muscle have been extensively investigated in recent years, with a view to elucidating the mechanism of catalysis and the function of the enzyme in vivo (for a review, see Kuby & Noltmann, 1962, pp. 515-596). However, apart from the preliminaryinvestigationbyNarayanaswami (1952), little attention appears to have been paid to the enzyme from cerebral tissue.