gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-phase synthesis of melittin: purification and functional characterization (1987)

The main component of the honey bee venom, melittin, is a cationic polypeptide containing 26 amino acids. Exposure of lipid bilayers to this peptide results in the formation of anion-selective channels with a variety of unit conductances. One of the possible causes for this heterogeneity in the conductance could be heterogeneity of the melittin preparation, and indeed, the existence of two prominent forms of naturally occurring melittin, differing only at the N-terminal amino group, has been documented. This paper describes the synthesis of the major form of melittin, using stepwise solid-phase methodology and the demonstration that the synthetic melittin, devoid of the minor component (N-formylmelittin) and other contaminants, interacts with lipid bilayers to form channels which are qualitatively indistinguishable from the ones formed by the naturally occurring toxin. This result indicates that the heterogeneity in the channels produced in bilayers by bee venom is not due to differences in the channel-forming properties of the formyl and non-formyl melittin but rather to differences in the number and orientation of melittin monomers of identical primary structure as they aggregate to form channels in the lipid bilayer.
Angular calibration in energy dispersive X-Ray diffraction by using genetic algorithms (2009)

In Energy Dispersive X-Ray diffraction measurements, the estimate of momentum transfer q, on which the diffracted intensity depends, should be as accurate as possible. Since q, in turn, depends on both the energy and the scattering angle, an error on the latter due to an incorrect positioning of the sample, to the asymmetric angular spread induced by the collimation slits or, in general, to any uncertainty on the geometric setup, results in an uncertainty on the q value. Here, a new self calibration method to correct such errors, based on a genetic algorithm is presented. It is robust, fast and completely automatic. Results obtained by carrying out Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction measurements on reference samples are reported and discussed. They show how the application of such genetic algorithm may provide a fast esteem of the two parameters required when multiple angle pattern collection is performed, namely the effective starting angle and the angular step. In this way, reliable q-values of all the diffraction pattern features (Bragg peaks for crystalline, and diffused bumps for non-crystalline samples) are obtained.
Bayesian consistency for a class of regression problems (2003)

We consider a general result for establishing posterior consistency for a class of Bayesian regression models. To date, no such general results exist. Consistency will be for a random function which corresponds to a mean regression function for a one parameter family of density functions.
Oil absorbing graphene capsules by capillary molding (2012)

Oil absorbing graphene capsules are synthesized by capillary molding of graphene oxide (GO) sheets against a polystyrene bead template in evaporating aerosol droplets, followed by simultaneous reduction of GO and decomposition of the polymer template during ultrasonic spray pyrolysis.
<title>Automatic system for the classification of cellular categories in cytological images</title> (1993)

In this paper, we describe research carried out within the framework of the optimization of an image analyzer dedicated to rapid detection of abnormalities of ploidy in human tumors. The system takes as its input microscopic images of dissociated cells which are to be segmented in order to extract cellular objects, calculate shape and texture measures, and identify each category of cell, by means of two classification methods that are compared and discussed: classification based on the Bayes decision rule and classification using neural networks.
<title>Wavelet domain filtering for photon imaging systems</title> (1997)

Many imaging systems rely on photon detection as the basis of image formation. One of the major sources of error in these systems is Poisson noise due to the quantum nature of the photon detection process. Unlike additive Gaussian noise, Poisson noise is signal-dependent, and consequently separating signal from noise is a very difficult task. In this paper, we develop a novel wavelet-domain filtering procedure for noise removal in photon imaging systems. The filter adapts to both the signal and the noise and balances the trade-off between noise removal and excessive smoothing of image details. Designed using the statistical method of cross-validation, the filter is simultaneously optimal in a small-sample predictive sum of squares sense and asymptotically optimal in the mean square error sense. The filtering procedure has a simple interpretation as a joint edge detection/estimation process. Moreover, we derive an efficient algorithm for performing the filtering that has the same order of complexity as the fast wavelet transform itself. The performance of the new filter is assessed with simulated data experiments and tested with actual nuclear medicine imagery.
Study on Trapped Field Characteristics of HTS Bulk Annuli With Iron Rings for Ferromagnetic Shimming of a Compact NMR Magnet (2009)

Recently, the performance of high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks such as critical current density, size, and mechanical strength has been improved rapidly. So, various applications with HTS bulks such as motors, bearings, and flywheels have been investigated by many research groups. A compact nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnet is one of the new applications after the technique to enhance maximum trapped field of the HTS bulk more than 11.74 T, a corresponding <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> H NMR frequency of 500 MHz, has been developed. This new compact NMR magnet out of HTS bulks is far less expensive than those conventional NMR magnets and expected to be widely used in food and drug industry. In design and manufacture of those compact NMR magnets, spatial field homogeneity of large trapped magnetic field in HTS bulk annuli is essential. This paper presents the magnetic field distribution in single and three assembled HTS bulk annuli, measured by a 3-axis hall sensor, and experimental results of its spatial homogeneity improvement by mounting an iron ring inside or outside of the HTS bulk annuli.
Mechanical and Structural Degradation of LiNi<i><sub>x</sub></i>Mn<i><sub>y</sub></i>Co<i><sub>z</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub>Cathode in Li-Ion Batteries: An Experimental Study (2017)

LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) is the current choice of cathode for high-performance Li-ion batteries. The structural and mechanical stability of NMC plays a vital role in determining the electrochemical performance of batteries. However, the dynamic mechanical properties of NMC during Li reactions are widely unknown because of the microscopic heterogeneity of composite electrodes as well as the challenge of mechanical measurement for air-sensitive battery materials. We employ instrumented nanoindentation in an inert environment to measure the elastic modulus, hardness, and interfacial fracture strength of NMC of a hierarchical meatball structure as a function of the state of charge and cycle number. The mechanical properties significantly depend on the lithiation state and degrade as the electrochemical cycles proceed. The results are further compared with the properties of bulk NMC pellets. We perform first-principles theoretical modeling to understand the evolution of the elastic property of NMC on the basis of the electronic structure. This work presents the first time systematic mechanical measurement of NMC electrodes which characterizes damage accumulation in battery materials over cycles.
Isolation of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Taste Peptides from Vacherin Mont ?Or Cheese (1991)

ABSTRACT Vacherin cheese samples weie extracted with water and the extracts fractionated by ultrafiltration excluding compounds with a molecular weight less than 1,000. Extract aliquots were fractionated by ligand exchange chromatography on a Sephadex derivative containing N‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)glycine‐groups in Cu 2+ form, permitting a specific group separation of peptides. Five peptide sub‐groups were then chromato‐graphed on Aminex A6 and Durrum DC 4 resin. Nine fractions from these separations were characterized by manual gas‐phase isofhiocy‐anate degradation and HPLC of the amino acid derivatives. Seven peptides could be identified: H‐Leu‐Pro‐OH, H‐Val‐Pro‐OH, H‐Phe‐Pro‐OH, H‐Lys‐Pro‐OH, H‐Gly‐Pro‐Val‐Arg‐OH, H‐Tyr‐Pro‐OH, and H‐Arg‐Pro‐OH. A partial elucidation of the structure was possible for peptides containing Asp/Pro/Val/Leu, Glu/Leu, and Ala/Pro.
Leveraging Systematic Unidirectional Error-Detecting Codes for fast STT-MRAM cache (2017)

Spin Transfer Torque Magnatic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) has the potential to become a universal memory technology due to its various attractive features such as non-volatility, high density, CMOS compatibility and zero leakage. However, STT-MRAM suffers from high write latency and poor reliability compared to SRAM. This is primarily due to its stochastic nature of switching, which makes it not suitable for fast caches such as L1. The use of robust Error Correction Coding (ECC) with multiple bit correction capability to optimize the write margin and reliability results in large decoding latencies and large number of check bits. In this paper, we propose a new solution to exclude the high costs of using ECC in terms of decoding latency and storage overhead to be able to use STT-MRAM for fast caches. We exploit the fact that STT-MRAM poses asymmetric errors due to the nature of Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) cell, which makes ECC a pessimistic solution to address such errors. Therefore, efficient Systematic Unidirectional Error-Detecting Code (SEDC) is proposed to be adopted instead of conventional ECC combined with proper cache access mechanism to fetch correct data in case of error detection. Our proposed approach provides orders of magnitude better reliability and considerable performance improvement that makes STT-MRAM viable for fast-caches compared to the existing solutions.
Metabolism as a key to histone deacetylase inhibition (2011)

There is growing interest in the epigenetic mechanisms that are dysregulated in cancer and other human pathologies. Under this broad umbrella, modulators of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity have gained interest as both cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic agents. Of the first generation, FDA-approved HDAC inhibitors to have progressed to clinical trials, vorinostat represents a "direct acting" compound with structural features suitable for docking into the HDAC pocket, whereas romidepsin can be considered a prodrug that undergoes reductive metabolism to generate the active intermediate (a zinc-binding thiol). It is now evident that other agents, including those in the human diet, can be converted by metabolism to intermediates that affect HDAC activity. Examples are cited of short-chain fatty acids, seleno-α-keto acids, small molecule thiols, mercapturic acid metabolites, indoles, and polyphenols. The findings are discussed in the context of putative endogenous HDAC inhibitors generated by intermediary metabolism (e.g. pyruvate), the yin-yang of HDAC inhibition versus HDAC activation, and the screening assays that might be most appropriate for discovery of novel HDAC inhibitors in the future.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1990)

REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access The Longman Companion to the French Revolution. By Colin Jones. London: Longman. 1988. xiii + 473 pp. £40.00. ISBN 0-582-49418-4. GWYNNE LEWIS GWYNNE LEWIS University of Warwick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French History, Volume 4, Issue 1, March 1990, Pages 118–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/fh/4.1.118 Published: 01 March 1990
Novel Regioselective Ester Hydrolysis by Pig-Liver Esterase (1997)

Abstract Pig-liver esterase, which catalyzed the hydrolysis of substrates containing both saturated and α,β-unsaturated/cyclopropanecarboxylic esters (methyl and ethyl), was studied. An exclusive hydrolysis of the saturated esters was observed. Kinetic experiments revealed that the presence of deactivated carbonyl in the unsaturated/cyclopropanecarboxylic esters and their weaker bindings are both responsible for the observed specificity. The relative binding abilities of the substrates have been explained in light of Jones active-site model. The regioselectivity has been exploited in the synthesis of intermediates for the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor.
Should Court-Sponsored ADR Survive? (2006)

The plenary session of the 2005 National Conference on Court ADR 1 addressed two big questions: "Can Court ADR Survive and Should It?" As its title indicates, this essay addresses only the prescriptive question of whether court ADR programs "should" survive.I leave for others the question of whether such programs can survive, in part because the answer seems to hinge on developments in the budgetary and political arenauncertainties far beyond my ken.To focus the proceedings at the plenary session, the organizers of the conference asked the speakers to address several more specific questions, some of which I use to help organize part of my response to the broader question: Should court ADR programs survive?These questions included:(1) Does court ADR promote a two-tiered justice system?(2) What would happen if the courts dropped ADR programs?and (3) How do we manage competition between court ADR and the private sector? 2 * United States Magistrate Judge, Northern District of California.This court-focused set of sessions was held just before, and in conjunction with, the 2005 Annual Conference of the Dispute Resolution Section of the ABA in April, 2005 in Los Angeles, California.2 Before turning to the substance of our inquiries, it is important to emphasize that the answers to some of our questions will vary with the circumstances of individual courts or court systems.Local legal cultures vary, as do docket profiles, court resources, docket pressures, and the demography of the client and lawyer communities.The extent of the development of the private ADR provider market also can vary dramatically between jurisdictions-as can the level of experience and comfort with various ADR tools in the local bar and among local repeat-player clients.The answers to these questions also may vary with key characteristics of court programs.These characteristics may include, among others: whether participation in ADR is mandated by the court or is voluntary; whether the parties are permitted to select their own neutral; whether the parties are required to pay for the neutral's services and, if so, whether at market rates or at below-market rates; and the kinds of cases that are served by the ADR program and the circumstances of the parties.For example, the answers to some of these questions might well be different for poor and legally unsophisticated civil rights litigants than for wellheeled and otherwise equally matched corporate foes.J. ON Disp.RESOL.669, 715-58 (2003) (suggesting that ADR can be more successful if participants are aware of their behavioral tendencies and are empathic to other parties).23 For the most comprehensive review, to date, of published assessments of court ADR programs, see Roselle Wissler, The Effectiveness of Court-Connected Dispute Resolution in Civil Cases, 22 CONFLICT
Neurite extension andin vitro myelination within three-dimensional modified fibrin matrices (2005)

The deposition of fibrin clots in vivo occurs after injury in the peripheral nervous system and their removal correlates with nerve regeneration. Fibrin clots provide a provisional matrix for invading cells, induce wound healing, and become proteolytically removed by regenerating tissue. Here, neurite extension and in vitro myelination were studied within three-dimensional fibrin matrices that were covalently modified with the sixth Ig-like domain of cell adhesion molecules L1 containing N-terminal transglutaminase substrate sequences (TG-L1Ig6) for covalent incorporation into fibrin matrices. TG-L1Ig6 is a specific receptor for alphavbeta3-integrin involved in neurite extension of PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs). Neurite extension of PC12 cells depended on interactions between cell surface alphavbeta3 and RGD-sites provided by TG-L1Ig6. In addition, matrix properties such as fibrin crosslink density and matrix degradation by serine proteases were crucial. No involvement of matrix metalloproteinases was found. DRG neurite extension in native fibrin matrices was retarded as compared to neurite extension within L1Ig6-modified and laminin-1-containing matrices. Moreover, myelinated structures were almost exclusively found in TG-L1Ig6-modified and laminin-1-containing matrices. These results indicate that potential use of three-dimensional matrices in a biomaterials-based healing device to induce and/or help in vivo nerve regeneration requires specific structural and biological signals.
A Rapid Approach for the Optimisation of Polymer Supported Reagents in Synthesis (2000)

The technique of Design of Experiments (DoE) was employed to facilitate the rapid automated optimisation of amide formation using a polymer supported carbodiimide system. Using an optimised set of reaction conditions, an array of 80 compounds was synthesised in a 96-well plate with the reagent being delivered via an IRORITM kan to each individual well.
Total synthesis of teixobactin (2016)

To cope with the global bacterial multidrug resistance, scientific communities have devoted significant efforts to develop novel antibiotics, particularly those with new modes of actions. Teixobactin, recently isolated from uncultured bacteria, is considered as a promising first-in-class drug candidate for clinical development. Herein, we report its total synthesis by a highly convergent Ser ligation approach and this strategy allows us to prepare several analogues of the natural product.
Transforming the Monologue - Engineering Management into Practice (2009)

Engineering Management and Professional Practice is a compulsory final year course taught in The School of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Adelaide. It covers, what may best be described as, the ‘essential non-engineering’ subjects of an engineer’s professional practice and includes topics such as law, risk analysis, marketing and project management. However, student feedback revealed that the lectures (presented by industry experts) were, on the whole, perceived by students to be dull, uninspiring and were consequently very poorly attended. The delivery of the course was therefore radically changed to a project based learning format that offered a clear engineering and vocational relevance to the students. An imaginary large-scale industrial project, with strong and very obvious similarities to a local high-profile company, was described to the students in precise detail. The script of project was deliberately rife with problems that related to industrial law, risk analysis, marketing and project management. Student teams role played and the recommended approaches for solving these problems became the focus of the visiting experts’ revised interactive lectures. It became immediately apparent that interest in the course had increased dramatically. While these convincing initial observations are only qualitative, an ongoing study aims to provide a more quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of the improvement in the students’ learning outcomes
Experimental Obstruction of the Mesonephric Ducts. (1927)

In a previous paper the writer showed that destruction of the growing ends of the Wolffian ducts in young chick embryos resulted in the failure of these ducts to establish connection with the cloaca. Under these circumstances, the Wolffian bodies became hydronephrotic, the cloaca failed to differentiate a urodaeal sinus, the allantois remained rudimentary, and the chicks died not later than the end of the sixth day from either lack of oxygen or a possible retention of urine. Since up to that time the allantoic fluid of normal embryos had never been analyzed by modern microchemical methods, the latter possibility could not at first be determined. But investigations begun in 1924 have shown that the end product of nitrogen metabolism in chick embryos is uric acid; that measurable amounts of it appear in the allantoic fluid as early as the fifth day of incubation; that it is eliminated in rapidly increasing amounts up to at least the 15th day; and that during all this time, from the 5th to the 15th day) the mesonephric tubules undergo rapid increase in both length and volume.The present article deals kvith the effect of experimental obstruction of the Wolffian ducts upon the nephrogenic tissue of the embryo. In this connection it should be recalled that the rudimentary pronepliros gives rise to the IYolffian ducts; that from the 20th to the 30th sonntes these ducts are joined by the definitive mesonephric tubules; antl that after the lon-er end of each duct has given rise to the nietanephric diverticulum the latter is joined by metanephric tubules derived from the nephiwgenic tissue of somites 31 to 33 (Lillie).In all cases in which the writer has prevented one or both Wolffian ducts from reaching the cloaca, the ureter on that side has never formed, and no metanephric tubules have developed.
Geometrical Characteristics and Surface Polarity of Inclined Crystallographic Planes of the Wurtzite and Zincblende Structures (2009)

Inclined crystallographic planes of the wurtzite structure were investigated in comparison with the zincblende structure in terms of surface geometry characteristics. The ball–stick model indicates that the semipolar $$ \left( {1{\bar 1} 01} \right) $$ surface possesses a surface polarity resembling the anion polarity, which agrees with the common experimental observations of epitaxial growth preference for the cation-polarity $$ \left( {1{\bar 1} 0{\bar 1} } \right) $$ surface over the $$ \left( {1{\bar 1} 01} \right) $$ surface. The wurtzite $$ \left\{ {11{\bar 2} 2} \right\} $$ surface was found to share geometrical similarities with the zincblende {100} surface uniquely among the possible semipolar planes. This finding encourages epitaxial growth on the $$ \left\{ {11{\bar 2} 2} \right\} $$ plane of wurtzite semiconductors, e.g., GaN, with the potential of avoiding atomic step formations typically associated with off-axis crystallographic planes.
Mode Switch of SI-HCCI Combustion on a GDI Engine (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Multi-mode combustion is an ideal combustion strategy to utilize HCCI for internal combustion engines. It combines HCCI combustion mode for low-middle load and traditional SI mode for high load and high speed. By changing the cam profiles from normal overlap for SI mode to the negative valve overlap (NVO) for HCCI mode, as well as the adjustment of direct injection strategy, the combustion mode transition between SI and HCCI was realized in one engine cycle. By two-step cam switch, the throttle action is separated from the cam action, which ensures the stabilization of mode transition. For validating the feasibility of the stepped switch, the influence of throttle position on HCCI combustion was carefully studied. Based on the research, the combustion mode switch was realized in one engine cycle; the whole switch process including throttle action was realized in 10 cycles. The entire process was smooth, rapid and reliable without any abnormal combustion such as knocking and misfiring.</div>
Éros idéologue: l'amour dans la philosophie de Destutt de Tracy (1989)

Chronic oedema is a complex, long term condition which can affect individuals on many levels. Body image is an important issue which can have implications on patients' ability to adjust to living with a long term chronic condition, accept appropriate treatment and remain motivated in their self management programmes. Healthcare Professionals are ideally placed to help identify and support patients with altered body image issues so that patients can adapt to and accept their condition.