gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fourteen-day oral combination dose toxicity study of CGS 16949A (aromatase inhibitor) with 5-fluorouracil or tamoxifen in rats. (1997)

CGS 16949A, an aromatase inhibitor, was administered orally to female rats at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg/day alone and in combination with tamoxifen (0.5 or 5 mg/kg/day) or 5-fluorouracil (20 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. CGS 16949A and tamoxifen combination: Increased food intake and body weight noted after CGS 16949A treatment were also observed following combination treatment, though to a lesser degree. Most of the clinical pathological features noted following combination treatment were similar to those induced by single compound treatment. Gross pathological and histopathological changes ascribed to the antiestrogenic action of CGS 16949A, such as increased ovarian weight, decreased uterine weight, cystic follicles and atrophied uterus and vaginal epithelium, were alleviated by combination treatment, and were comparable in severity to those caused by tamoxifen alone. No severe toxic changes were induced by combination treatment. CGS 16949A and 5-fluorouracil combination: Increased body weight noted after CGS 16949A treatment was also observed following combination treatment, though to a lesser degree. Most of the changes caused by single compound treatment, including the aforementioned effects of CGS 16949A on the genital organs, were also noted following combination treatment. There was no evidence of enhancement of the effects by combination treatment.
Tumor recognition in endoscopic video images using artificial neural network architectures (2002)

The paper focuses on a scheme for automated tumor recognition using images acquired during endoscopic sessions. The proposed recognition system is based on multilayer feed forward neural networks (MFNNs) and uses texture information encoded with corresponding statistical measures that are fed as input to the MFNN. Experiments were performed for recognition of different types of tumors in various images and also a number of sequentially acquired frames. The recognition of a polypoid tumor of the colon in the original image, which were used for training was very high. The trained network was also able to satisfactorily recognize the tumor in a sequence of video frames. The results of the proposed approach were very promising and it seems that it can be efficiently applied for tumor recognition.
Molecular Basis for Necitumumab Inhibition of EGFR Variants Associated with Acquired Cetuximab Resistance (2017)

Acquired resistance to cetuximab, an antibody that targets the EGFR, impacts clinical benefit in head and neck, and colorectal cancers. One of the mechanisms of resistance to cetuximab is the acquisition of mutations that map to the cetuximab epitope on EGFR and prevent drug binding. We find that necitumumab, another FDA-approved EGFR antibody, can bind to EGFR that harbors the most common cetuximab-resistant substitution, S468R (or S492R, depending on the amino acid numbering system). We determined an X-ray crystal structure to 2.8 Å resolution of the necitumumab Fab bound to an S468R variant of EGFR domain III. The arginine is accommodated in a large, preexisting cavity in the necitumumab paratope. We predict that this paratope shape will be permissive to other epitope substitutions, and show that necitumumab binds to most cetuximab- and panitumumab-resistant EGFR variants. We find that a simple computational approach can predict with high success which EGFR epitope substitutions abrogate antibody binding. This computational method will be valuable to determine whether necitumumab will bind to EGFR as new epitope resistance variants are identified. This method could also be useful for rapid evaluation of the effect on binding of alterations in other antibody/antigen interfaces. Together, these data suggest that necitumumab may be active in patients who are resistant to cetuximab or panitumumab through EGFR epitope mutation. Furthermore, our analysis leads us to speculate that antibodies with large paratope cavities may be less susceptible to resistance due to mutations mapping to the antigen epitope. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 521-31. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Catalytic mechanism of the phospholipase D superfamily proceeds via a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate (1998)

The phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily includes enzymes of phospholipid metabolism, nucleases, as well as ORFs of unknown function in viruses and pathogenic bacteria. These enzymes are characterized by the invariant sequence motif, H(X)K(X)4D. The endonuclease member Nuc of the PLD family was over-expressed in bacteria and purified to homogeneity. Mutation of the conserved histidine to an asparagine in the endonuclease reduced the kcat for hydrolysis by a factor of 10(5), suggesting that the histidine residue plays a key role in catalysis. In addition to catalyzing hydrolysis, a number of phosphohydrolases will catalyze a phosphate (oxygen)-water exchange reaction. We have taken advantage of this observation and demonstrate that a 32P-labeled protein could be trapped when the enzyme was incubated with 32P-labeled inorganic phosphate. The phosphoenzyme intermediate was stable in 1 M NaOH and labile in 1 M HCl and 1 M hydroxylamine, suggesting that the enzyme forms a phosphohistidine intermediate. The pH-stability profile of the phosphoenzyme intermediate was consistent with phosphohistidine and the only radioactive amino acid found after alkaline hydrolysis was phosphohistidine. These results suggest that the enzymes in the PLD superfamily use the conserved histidine for nucleophilic attack on the substrate phosphorus atom and most likely proceed via a common two-step catalytic mechanism.
Methylarsenicals and Arsinothiols Are Potent Inhibitors of Mouse Liver Thioredoxin Reductase (1999)

Thioredoxin reductase (TR, EC 1.6.4.5) was purified 5800-fold from the livers of adult male B6C3F1 mice. The estimated molecular mass of the purified protein was about 57 kDa. The activity of the purified enzyme was monitored by the NADPH-dependent reduction of 5, 5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB); this activity was fully inhibited by 1 microM aurothioglucose. Arsenicals and arsinothiols, complexes of As(III)-containing compounds with L-cysteine or glutathione, were tested as inhibitors of the DTNB reductase activity of the purified enzyme. Pentavalent arsenicals were much less potent inhibitors than trivalent arsenicals. Among all the arsenicals, CH(3)As(III) was the most potent inhibitor of TR. CH(3)As(III) was found to be a competitive inhibitor of the reduction of DTNB (K(i) approximately 100 nM) and a noncompetitive inhibitor of the oxidation of NADPH. The inhibition of TR by CH(3)As(III) was time-dependent and could not be reversed by the addition of a dithiol-containing molecule, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, to the reaction mixture. The inhibition of TR by CH(3)As(III) required the simultaneous presence of NADPH in the reaction mixture. However, unlike other pyridine nucleotide disulfide oxidoreductases, there was no evidence that mouse liver TR was inactivated by exposure to NADPH. Treatment with CH(3)As(III) did not increase the NADPH oxidase activity of the purified enzyme. Thus, CH(3)As(III), a putative intermediate in the pathway for the biomethylation of As, is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of an enzyme involved in the response of the cell to oxidative stress.
The Suppressive Effect of Bifidobacteria on <i>Bacteroides vulgatus</i>, a Putative Pathogenic Microbe in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2003)

Bacteroides, a predominant commensal bacteria in the gut, are thought to be responsible for the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the present study, we examined whether or not bifidobacteria suppress B. vulgatus, a representative pathogenic Bacteroides species, in both the coculture system and the gnotobiotic murine model. As a result, Bifidobacterium infantis 1222 highly inhibited the growth of B. vulgatus in the coculture and also significantly suppressed the systemic antibody response raised by B. vulgatus colonizing the gut in gnotobiotic mice. Colonization of the mice by B. vulgatus increased the number of Peyer's patch (PP) cells bearing PNA (peanut agglutinin)+/anti-kappa+ phenotype, which represents plasma cell-like B cells. Moreover, treatment of those B. vulgatus-implanted mice with B. infantis 1222 abrogated such increase in the number of PNA+/anti-kappa+ cells. These results thus suggested that B. infantis 1222 protected the gut epithelial layer including the PP from being invaded by Bacteroides, thereby suppressing the systemic antibody response raised by Bacteroides.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Neutrophils in Tumor Microenvironment (2016)

Distinct tumor microenvironment forms in each progression step of cancer and has diverse capacities to induce both adverse and beneficial consequences for tumorigenesis. It is now known that immune cells can be activated to favor tumor growth and progression, most probably influenced by the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils can exert protumoral functions, enhancing tumor cell invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling, while inhibiting the antitumoral immune surveillance. Considering that neutrophils in inflammatory environments recruit macrophages and that recruited macrophages affect neutrophil functions, there may be various degrees of interaction between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils. Platelets also play an important role in the recruitment and regulation of monocytic and granulocytic cells in the tumor tissues, suggesting that platelet function may be essential for generation of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils. In this review, we will explore the biology of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils and their possible interactions in the tumor microenvironment. Special attention will be given to the recruitment and activation of these tumor-associated cells and to the roles they play in maintenance of the tumor microenvironment and progression of tumors.
Case 24-2006 (2006)

A 40-year-old woman was transferred to the emergency department of this hospital because of hypotension. Seven hours earlier she had ingested 100 sample tablets of amlodipine (10 mg) in a suicide attempt. She was taken to an emergency department, where her blood pressure fell from 100/60 mm Hg to 58/38 mm Hg despite the use of pressors.
Comparison of Myofibrillar Structure Weakening with Tenderness of Chicken, Rabbit and Porcine Skeletal Muscles during Postmortem Aging (1994)

鶏,兎および豚骨格筋を5°Cで熟成し,死後適当な時間毎に筋原線維を調製した.それぞれの筋原線維を位相差顕微鏡下で観察した結果,いずれの畜種でも熟成の進行とともに硬直時に短縮した筋節長の復元および筋原線維の小片化が認められた.熟成中の食肉の軟化に密接に関連するこれら筋原線維の形態変化を,アクチンーミオシン間の硬直結合の脆弱化およびZ線の脆弱化の定量的測定により比較検討した.すべての畜種で筋原線維における両脆弱化はほぼ同じ死後時間に急激に進み,それらは鶏,兎および豚でそれぞれ死後6～36時間,1～4日および5～8日であった.一方,同じ条件下での筋肉の軟らかさの物性灘定から弾性率および破断力を算出した.その結果,両物性値は熟成期間を通じて同じ様相で変化し,鶏,兎および豚でそれぞれ死後24時間,3日および7日後に最低値を示した.以上の結果から,鶏,兎および豚骨格筋における熟成中の筋原線維構造の脆弱化と食肉の軟化は一致し,それらの変化にま鶏,兎,脚の順位で起ると結論された.畜種別の食肉軟化の速度の相違に関して,筋原線維構造の脆弱化機構は蛋白質分解酵素の分解によるよりもむしろ,食肉の軟化に関するCa2+説'により合理的に説明できることが示唆された.
Dominant and recessive COL6A1 mutations in Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy (2005)

In this study, we characterized five Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy patients (two Italians, one Belgian, and two Turks) with a clinical phenotype showing different degrees of severity, all carrying mutations localized in COL6A1. We sequenced the three entire COL6 complementary DNA. Three of five patients have recessive mutations: two patients (P1and P3) have homozygous single-nucleotide deletions, one in exon 9 and one in exon 22; one patient (P2) has a homozygous single-nucleotide substitution leading to a premature termination codon in exon 31. The nonsense mutation of P2 also causes a partial skipping of exon 31 with the formation of a premature termination codon in exon 32 in 15% of the total COL6A1 messenger RNA. The remaining two patients carry a heterozygous glycine substitution in exons 9 and 10 inside the triple-helix region; both are dominant mutations because the missense mutations are absent in the DNA of their respective parents. As for the three homozygous recessive mutations, the apparently healthy consanguineous parents all carry a heterozygous mutated allele. Here, for the first time, we report a genotype-phenotype correlation demonstrating that heterozygous glycine substitutions in the triple-helix domain of COL6A1 are dominant and responsible for a milder Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy phenotype, and that recessive mutations in COL6A1 correlate with more severe clinical and biochemical Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy phenotypes.
Potential Limitations of the 16S-23S rRNA Intergenic Region for Molecular Detection of <i>Bartonella</i> Species (2005)

PCR targeting the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region has been proposed as a rapid and reliable method for the detection of Bartonella species DNA in clinical samples. Because of variation in ITS sequences among Bartonella species, a single PCR amplification can be used to detect different species within this genus. Therefore, by targeting the ITS region, multiple PCRs or additional sample-processing steps beyond the primary amplification can be avoided when attempting to achieve molecular diagnostic detection of Bartonella species. Although PCR amplification targeting this region is considered highly sensitive, amplification specificity obviously depends on primer design. We report evidence of nonspecific PCR amplification of Mesorhizobium species with previously published primers that were designed to amplify the Bartonella consensus ITS region. Use of these or other, less species-specific, primers could lead to a false-positive diagnostic test result when evaluating clinical samples. We also report the presence of Mesorhizobium species DNA as a contaminant in molecular-grade water, a series of homologous sequences in the ITS region that are common to Bartonella and Mesorhizobium species, the amplification of Mesorhizobium DNA with unpublished primers designed in our laboratory targeting the ITS region, and the subsequent design of unambiguous ITS primers that avoid nonspecific amplification of Mesorhizobium species. Our results define some potential limitations associated with the molecular detection of Bartonella species in patient samples and indicate that primer specificity is of critical importance if the ITS region is used as a diagnostic target for detection of Bartonella species.
CORRELATION OF UNILATERAL UROLITHIASIS WITH SLEEP POSTURE (2001)

Although the exact pathophysiology of the association between sleep posture and recurrent unilateral stone disease remains to be elucidated, sleep posture may alter renal hemodynamics during sleep and promote stone formation. This observation needs further investigation and should be factored into the evaluation and prevention of unilateral urinary stone disease.
Transorbital Doppler diagnosis of intracranial arterial stenosis. (1986)

Forty-two intracranial internal carotid arteries were visualized by both arteriography and 2 MHz pulse ultrasonic Doppler examinations. The intracranial internal carotid artery Doppler signals were studied at 5-7 cm depth behind the eyelid using frequency spectral analysis. Stenosis criteria were developed and methods of avoiding confusion with collateral effects devised. Among 33 intracranial ICAs visualized on the arteriograms, 22 were normal without stenosis and 11 displayed some degree of stenosis ranging from 20 to 75 percent. An additional 7 were totally occluded. Doppler criteria of stenosis representing elevated frequencies and symmetrical prominent low frequencies (SPLF) were utilized and separated from collateral effects to provide an overall accuracy of the technique of 88 percent with a 95 percent specificity and a 73 percent sensitivity. The technique appears sufficiently promising to justify further development and utilization.
Time-Modulated Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Discharge for Controlling the Polymerization in SiO<sub>2</sub> Etching (1993)

This study examines 10-100 µs modulated electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma discharge for controlling the generation of reactive species in plasmas. The electron temperature, density and reactive species are measured by means of a Langmuir probe and an actinometric optical emission spectroscopy in the pulsed plasma. Good correlation is found between the density ratio of CF 2 radicals and F atoms in the CHF 3 plasma, and the combination of the pulse duration and intervals. These characteristics are explained in terms of the dependence of the generation of reactive species in the ECR plasma on time (10-100 µs). This method provides for control of the polymerization and achievement of highly selective etching to Si during SiO 2 etching.
(Invited) Advances in Proton Ceramic Fuel Cells, Steam Electrolyzers, and Dehydrogenation Reactors Based on Materials and Process Optimizations (2017)

Y-doped BaZrO3-based perovskites form basis for proton ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) with superior fuel utilization. Likewise, proton ceramic electrolyzers (PCEs) produce directly dry hydrogen at the balanced total pressure of the electrolyzer, while oxygen is diluted with the feed of steam, decreasing the hazard of pure pressurized oxygen. The use of waste or renewable heat to generate and superheat the steam allows operation at high electrical efficiencies. High steam pressures reduce p-type electronic conduction at the oxygen+steam electrode and the use of novel mixed proton-electron conducting double perovskites lowers the overpotential and hence p-type short circuit current further, altogether yielding acceptable faradaic efficiencies of the electrolyzer. Proton conducting ceramics also offer unique opportunities for dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons along different schemes and for different products. With materials and reactor design optimizations as well as process adaptions we now see emerging demonstrations of such use of proton conducting ceramics.
DTMOS power switch in 28 nm UTBB FD-SOI technology (2013)

Ultra-Thin Body and Box (UTBB) Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FD-SOI) Technology has become mainstream in the industry with the objective to serve a wide spectrum of mobile multimedia products [1]. Transistors (fig 1) are fabricated in a 7nm thin layer of silicon sitting (Tsi) over a 25nm buried oxide (Tbox). Thanks to its better electrostatic control [2]; UTBB FD-SOI technology brings a significant improvement in terms of performance and power saving, complemented by an excellent responsiveness to power management design techniques for energy efficiency optimization. However, looking for a steady increase in performance for a voltage supply value constantly lowered with the evolution of technologies, BULK or FD-SOI, involves a decrease in the threshold voltage (Vt) and leads to an increase of the stand-by leakage current, requiring the implementation of a leakage current reduction technique.
1256. Allenes. Part X. The Claisen–Cope rearrangement of propargyl vinyl systems (1965)

D. K. Black and S. R. Landor, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 6784 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650006784
Human-like motion of a humanoid robot arm based on a closed-form solution of the inverse kinematics problem (2004)

Humanoid robotics is a new challenging field. To cooperate with human beings, humanoid robots not only have to feature human-like form and structure but, more importantly, they must possess human-like characteristics regarding motion, communication and intelligence. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for solving the inverse kinematics problem associated with the redundant robot arm of the humanoid robot ARMAR. The formulation of the problem is based on the decomposition of the workspace of the arm and on the analytical description of the redundancy of the arm. The solution obtained is characterized by its accuracy and low cost of computation. The algorithm is enhanced in order to generate human-like manipulation motions from object trajectories.
Design of a Tapered Balun for Broadband Arrays With Closely Spaced Elements (2009)

In this letter, a broadband tapered balun array is proposed for the feeding of a broadband array with elements placed very closely to each other. Due to the tight space left in the array for designing the feeding structure, an extended and staggered structure of the tapered baluns is adopted. The balun array is designed, fabricated, and measured. Simulated results and measured results show that the balun array can be used to achieve a very broadband property.
Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of prednisolone in post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome (2003)

Prednisolone does not appear to reduce the number of enterochromaffin cells or cause an improvement in symptoms in post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. Other approaches to this persistent condition are indicated.
Crystallographic analysis of CO<sub>2</sub>sorption state in seemingly nonporous molecular crystal of azacalix[4]arene tetramethyl ether exhibiting highly selective CO<sub>2</sub>uptake (2011)

Described are the crystal structures and solid–gas sorption behaviors of azacalix[4]arene tetramethyl ether at low temperatures. Single crystals of the azacalix[4]arene with a seemingly nonporous crystal architecture exhibited highly selective uptake of CO2 among five examined gases such as N2, O2, Ar, CO2, and CH4. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis successfully visualized the CO2 sorption state in which the azacalix[4]arene contacted with CO2 through intermolecular CH/O-interactions. A combination of the experimental results and theoretical calculations on the CO2 sorption state demonstrated that the observed high selectivity for CO2 was mainly controlled by a dispersion force, together with a molecular sieving effect.
Dynamic-Inner Partial Least Squares for Dynamic Data Modeling (2015)

Partial least squares(PLS) regression has been widely used to capture the relationship between inputs and outputs in static system modeling. Several dynamic PLS algorithms were proposed to capture the characteristic of dynamic systems. However, none of these algorithms provides an explicit description for dynamic inner model and outer model. In this paper, a dynamic inner PLS is proposed for dynamic system modelling. The proposed algorithm gives explicit dynamic inner model and makes inner model and outer model consistent at the same time. Several examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Valedictory Remarks (1952)

Valedictory Remarks Get access L. G. Norman L. G. Norman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Occupational Medicine, Volume 1, Issue 4, January 1952, Pages 207–211, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/1.4.207 Published: 01 January 1952
Miniaturized VCOs arm configurable synthesizers (2009)

The reported miniaturized VCOs overcome the limitation of the past attempt to combine phase-locked-loop (PLL) in tiny package (0.6 times 0.6 inches) for multi-band and multi-mode operations. Shrinking the size of planar resonators employing hybrid coupling mechanism has led to tiny (0.3 times 0.3 inches) VCOs that arms the low-cost and configurable frequency synthesizers. The typical measured phase noise @ 1 MHz for 1-4 GHz synthesizer is -128 dBc/Hz with 5 V, 30 mA. The settling time is less than 1 millisecond and not limited to this frequency, can be extended from 100 MHz to 12 GHz.