gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Yop1p, the Yeast Homolog of the Polyposis Locus Protein 1, Interacts with Yip1p and Negatively Regulates Cell Growth (2001)

Rab proteins are small GTPases that are essential elements of the protein transport machinery of eukaryotic cells. Each round of membrane transport requires a cycle of Rab protein nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. We have recently characterized a protein, Yip1p, which appears to play a role in Rab-mediated membrane transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we report the identification of a Yip1p-associated protein, Yop1p. Yop1p is a membrane protein with a hydrophilic region at its N terminus through which it interacts specifically with the cytosolic domain of Yip1p. Yop1p could also be coprecipitated with Rab proteins from total cellular lysates. The TB2 gene is the human homolog of Yop1p (Kinzler, K. W., Nilbert, M. C., Su, L.-K., Vogelstein, B., Bryan, T. M., Levey, D. B., Smith, K. J., Preisinger, A. C., Hedge, P., McKechnie, D., Finniear, R., Markham, A., Groffen, J., Boguski, M. S., Altschul, S. F., Horii, A., Ando, H. M., Y., Miki, Y., Nishisho, I., and Nakamura, Y. (1991) Science 253, 661-665). Our data demonstrate that Yop1p negatively regulates cell growth. Disruption of YOP1 has no apparent effect on cell viability, while overexpression results in cell death, accumulation of internal cell membranes, and a block in membrane traffic. These results suggest that Yop1p acts in conjunction with Yip1p to mediate a common step in membrane traffic.
A Frame-Parallel 2 Gpixel/s Video Decoder Chip for UHDTV and 3-DTV/FTV Applications (2015)

The first single-chip design that supports real-time H.264/Advanced Video Coding decoding of 8k (7680×4320) 60 frames/s is realized. It also supports multiview decoding for up to 32720p views or 161080p views. To significantly improve the throughput and reduce the memory bandwidth requirement, frame-level parallelism is exploited for the proposed design. First, a frame dependency protection scheme enables frame-parallel decoding, by reusing multiple replicas of an existing design. This results in a system throughput of 2 Gpixels/s, at least 3.75 times better than previous chips. Moreover, a reference window synchronization scheme and a 2-level hybrid caching structure are proposed to achieve 44% memory bandwidth reduction of motion compensation, by utilizing frame-level data reuse. The bandwidth reduction results in 22% Dynamic Random-Access Memory power saving of the whole decoder.
The melting points of chain polymers (1955)

Abstract The molecular characteristics which determine the melting points of high polymer crystals are considered, and it is shown that the properties of monomeric crystals often throw light on those of the polymers. The principal factors controlling melting points appear to be molar cohesion energy (of the whole molecule for monomers, or per chain unit for polymers), molecular flexibility (due to rotation round bonds), and molecular shape effects. Figures for the cohesion energy increments of a number of chain units and substituent groups are given, and melting points of polymer series are correlated with cohesion energy per chain unit. The flexibility factor is less easy to assess; barriers to rotation in appropriate monomer molecules are relevant, but available data are very rough. The approach therefore is mainly by empirical and comparative methods. When plotted against cohesion energy per chain unit, the melting points of various series of aromatic polyesters and polyurethans fall within the same band, while those of the polyamides lie on the whole higher and those of the aliphatic polyesters, polyethers, polythioethers and polydisulfides much lower. The differences are attributed to difference of molecular flexibility arising from the presence of easily rotating OC, SC and SS bonds. The low melting points of rubber and other unsaturated polymers are attributed to the fact (which can now be regarded as definitely established by independent evidence) that rotation round single bonds which are adjacent to double CC bonds is easier than in saturated chains. Easily rotating bonds which are inclined to each other, as in cis isomers, confer greater chain flexibility than the parallel bonds in trans isomers, and thus lead to lower melting points. The marked odd‐even effects in saturated molecules which run through the whole of organic chemistry (the even members always melting higher than the odd) are attributed to similar effects arising from the fact that the end bonds of an odd CH 2 sequence are inclined to each other while those at the ends of an even sequence are parallel.
Ryegrass endophyte, incidence, and control (1982)

Abstract There was a high incidence of a fungus endophyte in most of the perennial ryegrass pastures and seed lines examined. The fungus was still viable in seed which had been stored at 0–5°C for 7 years. The main means of endophyte dissemination appear to be the sowing of infected seed and the re‐seeding of infected plants in pastures. Field observations showed that when endophyte‐free seed was sown, a set of mown plots and a grazed pasture were still free of endophyte 4 years after establishment. Endophyte‐free seedlings were obtained by treating infected seeds with the fungicides propiconazole or prochloraz at 0.5 g/kg of seed. The fungus was eradicated from infected plants growing in pots by drenching the soil with a suspension of benomyl at 0.1 g per litre of growing medium.
Bidirectional Switch Commutation for a Matrix Converter Supplying a Series Resonant Load (2009)

This paper describes a bidirectional switch commutation strategy for a three-phase to two-phase matrix converter supplying a series resonant load. Classical modulation techniques are not applicable because of the needed high output frequencies. This fact, together with the different topology compared to classical three-phase to three-phase matrix converters, makes a new investigation of commutation principles necessary. The paper shows that the three-phase to two-phase resonant matrix converter can be compared with the full-bridge series-resonant converter. Thus, the commutation of the full-bridge series-resonant converter gives the conditions for the bidirectional switch commutation at the matrix converter. One of the main benefits of the derived strategy is the minimization of commutation steps independent of the load current sign.
Discrete cosine transform coding with gain/shape vector quantizers for picture signals (1987)

Abstract A gain/shape vector quantizer for orthogonal transform domain has been designed based on a previous paper [11] on a gain/shape vector quantizer for a spherically symmetric random source. Such a design method is used in the design of a discrete cosine transform encoder with gain/shape vector quantizer. This encoder is similar to that described in [7] except in the following: (i) it has a gain/shape codebook; and (ii) its normalized coefficients of discrete cosine transform are modeled as having spherically symmetric distribution. The S/N rendition of this encoder is 1.0 – 2.5 dB better than that of the DCT coding scheme with Max‐type scalar quantizer at the same bit rate. Furthermore, in spite of its similarity to the conventinoal discrete cosine transform coding scheme with vector quantizer [7], the encoder introduced in this paper delivers higher S/N using the same number of multiplications for the quantization of normalized coefficients, and/or the same amount of memory for the codebook.
Study on inhomogeneous perforation thick micro-perforated panel sound absorbers (2016)

Micro-perforated panel (MPP) sound absorbers are usually made of a thin panel and have narrow absorption bandwidth. This drawback causes the application of MPP to be limited. In this paper, the possibility of realizing wider absorption bandwidth MPP with sufficient structural strength is investigated. For this, multi-MPP (resonator) arranged in parallel to form an inhomogeneous perforation MPP is introduced to widen the absorption bandwidth. The thickness of MPP must be 1.5 times higher than perforation diameter or more in order to have appropriate strength. The characteristics of corresponding absorption coefficients are studied parametrically using theoretical models as thick panels can reduce the MPP's performance. It is found that the absorption bandwidth of thicker panels with inhomogeneous perforation approach can be at least twice times of classical MPP. The problem of reduced peak absorption coefficient in a thick panel can be avoided by keeping the acoustic resistance value around 1 0.5 Rayls. Compared with homogeneous MPP, inter-resonator interaction exists in the inhomogeneous perforation thick MPP that causes the overall absorption to become higher due to the increasing of the acoustic resistance as well as the shifting of peak resonance following residual acoustic reactance. The measurement results confirm all of the characteristics.
可编程逻辑脱“门”而出 (2006)

多年来,Alacron都在使用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)芯片处理为医学、军事的和其他高端机器视觉设备建立的子系统图像。每年．该公司的客户通常都要生产20,000个或以下的单元,并需要将专有代码编写到器件当中。因为ASIC需要花太长的设计时间,而且对小批量来说十分昂贵,FPGA就成
Predicting Possibility of Oil Production from Tar Sand Deposits Based on Geologic, Logging, and Chemical Composition (1982)

ABSTRACT In this paper, the question, "What are tar sands?" is addressed. In an effort to categorize the tar sand deposit at Raven Ridge near Vernal, Utah, the coordinated and combined activities with corresponding disciplines such as the following were considered: recognizing the potential of the heavy oil impregnated rock,characterizing the deposit based on the composition of the oil,developing reserves,characterizing the material,establishing possible reservoir characteristics,defining conventional oil production potential. Some fourteen shallow holes were drilled and cored. Tar sand samples were taken from the lean, medium, and rich bitumen content rock. These samples were analyzed chemically. The results of the coring, logging and chemical analysis are as follows: There is a definite correlation between the results that were computed from electric logs and with those obtained from chemical analysis of some 268 tar sand samples.Asphaltene, polar molecule and hydrocarbon content of the bitumen from Raven Ridge was compared to similar analyses of other tar sand deposits of the world using SARA (Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphal-tenes) analyses. The results indicate that the petroleum (oil sand) deposit is a thermally mature oil.A reservoir engineering analysis was carried out to determine the potential rate of oil production, from a well drilled at a suitable location downdip based on the available geologic data from the near outcrop core data. The results indicate a good possibility of conventional oil production. Conclusions are that chemical analysis (SARA) of tar sand samples obtained from various depths, near surface up to 50 feet deep, could provide a positive indication of oil production from a well drilled down-dip from the outcrop.
<sup>31</sup>P and <sup>23</sup>Na NMR spectroscopy of normal and ischemic rat skeletal muscle. Use of a shift reagent <i>in vivo</i> (1990)

23Na NMR spectroscopy was used 1, to define the distribution of the shift reagent for cations, triethylenetetraminehexaacetatedysprosium(III), DyTTHA3-, in the living rat; 2, to define the characteristics of the Na resonances reporting intra- and extracellular Na+ in skeletal muscle in vivo; and 3, to calculate the Na+ concentrations in the intra- and extracellular spaces of the gastrocnemius muscle during well-perfused and ischemic conditions. The concentration of DyTTHA3- infused intravenously into the jugular vein of the living rat reached a maximum value of 8-9 mM in the extracellular space of the muscle after ca 40 min of infusion. This allowed excellent discrimination of extra- and intracellular Na signals (Nao and Nai, respectively) and did not spoil the resolution of concurrent 31P NMR spectra. Infusion of shift reagent changed neither hemodynamic performance of the rat nor the high-energy phosphate content of skeletal muscle. Shift reagent enters ca 15% (v/w) of the rat body weight; this corresponds to almost all of the "fast" or rapidly permeable extracellular space. It is excreted from the body with a pseudo-first order rate constant of 0.0158 min-1. In resting muscle, we estimate that [Na+]i is 3-5 mM and, in muscle perfused with the sodium salt of the shift reagent, that [Na+]o in the fast exchangeable extracellular space is 166 mM. During 11 h of ischemia at 37 degrees C, the area of the Nai+ signal area monotonically increased sixfold. Based on estimates for maximum changes in fluid shifts reported by the decrease in the area of the Nao signal area, we calculate that the lower limit for [Na+]i after 11 h of ischemia is 27 mM. The NMR-visibility factors for the extracellular and intracellular Na+ signals are essentially the same. This study demonstrates that the shift reagent DyTTHA3- is acutely non-toxic and that the 23Na NMR spectra obtained can be used to quantitate [Na+]o and [Na+]i in tissues in vivo. Using this technique, we found that the transmembrane sodium gradient fell from ca 35 in well-perfused skeletal muscle to less than 6 during prolonged ischemia.
Rigidity−Stability Relationship in Interlocked Model Complexes Containing Phenylene-Ethynylene-Based Disubstituted Naphthalene and Benzene (2009)

Structural rigidity has been found to be advantageous for molecules if they are to find applications in functioning molecular devices. In the search for an understanding of the relationship between the rigidity and complex stability in mechanically interlocked compounds, the binding abilities of two π-electron-rich model compounds (2 and 4), where rigidity is introduced in the form of phenylacetylene units, toward the π-electron deficient tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+), were investigated. 1,4-Bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-2,5-bis(2-phenylethynyl)benzene 2 and 1,5-bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-2,6-bis(2-phenylethynyl)naphthalene 4 were synthesized, respectively, from the appropriate precursor dibromides 1 and 3 of benzene and naphthalene carrying two methoxyethoxyethoxy side chains. The rigid nature of the compounds 2 and 4 is reflected in the reduced stabilities of their 1:1 complexes with CBPQT4+. Binding constants for both 2 (100 M−1) and 4 (140 M−1) toward CBPQT4+ were obtained by isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC) in MeCN at 25 °C. Compounds 1−4 were characterized in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. The stabilization within and beyond these molecules is achieved by a combination of intra- and intermolecular [C−H···O], [C−H···π], and [π−π] stacking interactions. The diethyleneglycol chains present in compounds 1−4 are folded as a consequence of both intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The preorganized structures in both precursors 1 and 3 are repeated in both model compounds 2 and 4. In the structures of compounds 2 and 4, the geometry of the rigid backbone is different—the two terminal phenyl groups are twisted with respect to the central benzenoid ring in compound 2 and roughly perpendicular to the plane central naphthalene core in compound 4. To understand the significantly decreased stabilities of these complexes toward rigid guest molecules, relative to more flexible systems, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the newly developed M06-suite of density functionals. We conclude that the reduced binding abilities are a consequence of electronic and not steric factors, originating from the extended delocalization of the aromatic system.
Lactol esters of ampicillin. (1976)

Several lactol esters of D-α-aminobenzylpenicillin hydrochloride (Va-e) were synthesized from the corresponding lactol esters of benzylpenicillin (IIa-e) or from D-α-aminobenzylpenicillin (ampicillin). The lactol esters IIa-e were prepared with potassium benzylpenicillinate (I) and certain halides of lactols. Among them, two isomers of 2 (5H)-furanone-5-yl benzylpenicillinate (IIb) could be easily separated from the mixture of the stereoisomers due to C5' position of the lactol moiety. We found that all of these lactol esters of ampicillin hydrochloride (Va-e) showed higher blood concentrations of ampicillin after oral administration to rats than that of ampicillin itself. Particularly Va and Ve were much superior.
The strategic power infrastructure defense (SPID) system. A conceptual design (2000)

A power system can become vulnerable for various reasons, these sources of vulnerability are either internal or external to the infrastructure that comprises the power system. Threats from vulnerability sources that are internal to the civil infrastructure may be reduced by decreasing the probability and severity of occurrence through the improved engineering of related systems. On the other hand, threats from vulnerability sources that are external to the infrastructure may be reduced by decreasing the severity of occurrence. To prevent or reduce catastrophic failures and cascading sequences of events caused by the various sources of vulnerability, the Advanced Power Technologies Consortium is researching ways to revolutionize defense strategies and technologies that will significantly reduce the vulnerability of the power infrastructure. Our vision is a wide-area, intelligent, adaptive protection and control system that empowers future grids by providing critical and extensive information in real time, assessing system vulnerability quickly, and performing timely self-healing and adaptive reconfiguration actions based on system-wide analysis. The proposed system is referred to as the strategic power infrastructure defense (SPID) system. The article discusses the conceptual design of the SPID system and the associated technical challenges. The fundamentally important concept is that the SPID system provides self-healing and adaptive reconfiguration capabilities for power grids based on wide-area system vulnerability assessment. Some experts believe that if 0.4% of the load had been shed for 30 minutes, the widespread power outage in the Western United States on 10 August 1996 could have been avoided. The SPID is intended to identify such load-shedding actions in real time based on proposed vulnerability assessment and protection/control systems.
Deep customization of multi-tenant SaaS using intrusive microservices (2018)

Enterprise software needs to be customizable, and the customization needs from a customer are often beyond what the software vendor can predict in advance. In the on-premises era, customers do deep customizations beyond vendor's prediction by directly modifying the vendor's source code and then build and operate it on their own premises. When enterprise software is moving to cloud-based multi-tenant SaaS (Software as a Service), it is no longer possible for customers to directly modify the vendor's source code, because the same instance of code is shared by multiple customers at runtime. Therefore, the question is whether it is still possible to do deep customization on multi-tenant SaaS. In this paper, we give an answer to this question with a novel architecture style to realize deep customization of SaaS using intrusive microservices. We evaluate the approach on an open source online commercial system, and discuss the further research questions to make deep customization applicable in practice.
[A comparative study of the oxidation processes in the cells of typical forms and L forms of Vibrio cholerae]. (1990)

A comparative study of metabolic processes in cells of typical forms and L-forms of cholera vibrios has determined a change in the intensity of oxidative processes demonstrated through a decrease in the activity of respiration enzymes (dehydrogenases and diaphorases) and through a restricted transport of electrons along the respiration chain. The facts established evidence for the transition of L-transformed cells into a physiological state with a deficit of substrates and energy as well as with retarded processes of vital activity and repressed mechanisms of reparation of structural elements of a cell.
Frequent hypermethylation of the 5' CpG island of E-cadherin in esophageal adenocarcinoma. (2001)

These data suggest that epigenetic silencing via aberrant methylation of the E-cadherin promoter is a common cause of inactivation of this gene in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Compact Data Transmission Standard for High-Precision GPS (1996)

system is highly dependent on the datalink component
between reference (base) and rovers. Real-Time
Kinematic positioning is widely used for many
applications. The reference station broadcasts carrier
phase and code phase measurements to one or more rover
stations. The rover stations combine locally collected
measurements with those from the reference station to
obtain position results at a centimetre-level. Frequently
the datalink component of a Real-Time Kinematic system
takes the form of digital radio/modems, however cellular
phones or FM sub-carrier signals on local radio stations
may be used. In all datalink mediums, the available data
bandwidth is at a premium. The design of a data
transmission standard must attempt to minimise
bandwidth. Real-Time Kinematic system manufacturers
have adopted their own proprietary data transmission
standards. Without a published standard, users cannot
freely mix reference and rover equipment from different
manufacturers. The Radio Technical Commission for
Maritime services, Special Committee 104, (RTCM-
SC 104) addressed this issue by publishing message types
18-21 in their Version 2.1 standard, which support high-
precision Real-Time Kinematic users. However, the
RTCM messages have a large framing overhead and do
not include significant data compression algorithms to
make them practical for many datalink options. As
community reference station infrastructure is
implemented, a compact transmission standard will help
Real-Time Kinematic techniques gain favour with users
who only wish to purchase a rover unit.
A widely used Real-Time Kinematic data transmission
standard is publicly disclosed for the first time so that it
can be used by all manufacturers across the industry. The
Compact Measurement Record (CMR) format contains
packet framing and message types for raw Ll and L2
carrier phase and pseudorange data, plus reference
station location and description messages. Details of the
compact data transmission standard are documented.
Issues relating to mixing different receiver types are
raised; of particular concern are carrier phase and
pseudorange biases and antenna phase center variations.
With nine satellites in view, the new standard allows for
dual-frequency carrier phase and pseudorange data to be
transmitted once per second in less than 2000 bits. The
Compact Measurement Record format requires half the
bandwidth of the equivalent RTCM-SC104 messages.
Transport layer proxy for stateful UDP packet filtering (2003)

Firewall support for UDP traffic today is still insecure and inadequate. We propose in this paper a transport layer proxy (TLP) to provide a secure UDP firewall traversal service on the transport layer (the TLP supports TCP as well). For each UDP association with endpoints separated by a TLP server, the TLP server performs user-level or host-level authentication, packet filtering, packet relaying, optional network address translation, session logging, timing-out of idle association, and other security-related functions. The core of the TLP is a two-step TLP binding procedure that makes a UDP association stateful between a TLP client and a TLP server. This binding procedure supports Active UDP Open, Passive UDP Open, and Source-Specific UDP Open, which a local program may perform on a UDP socket.