gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordination compounds of olefins with anhydrous silver tetrafluoroborate V. Complexes with some cyclic di- and oligo-olefins (1970)

The following complexes of di- and oligo-olefins have been prepared and characterized: 2AgBF 4• 3-cyclopentadiene, AgBF 4• cyclohexa-1,4-diene, AgBF 4• cyclohexene-1,3-diene, 2AgBF 4• 3cyclohexa-1,3-diene, AgBF 4• cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene hydrate, AgBF 4• 2cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene, AgBF 4• 2cycloocta-1,3,5-triene, AgBF 4• 2cycloocta-1,5-diene, AgBF 4• cyclooctatetraene, and AgBF 4• dicyclopentadiene.
Misalignment between PET transmission and emission scans: its effect on myocardial imaging. (1992)

Patient movement between PET scanning sequences can produce misalignment between attenuation and emission scans. Such misalignment introduces errors in the emission image. This study evaluates the severity of these errors and their effect upon quantitation of regional myocardial activity. Myocardial FDG scans from 14 patients were reconstructed with simulated translational, rotational and out-of-plane patient movement. Eight myocardial regions from each patient were examined to determine the effect such misalignment might have on regional myocardial activity. A 2-cm shift between attenuation and emission scans produced up to a 30% change in regional activity. Some regions of the myocardium increased while others decreased for a given magnitude and direction of shift, producing anomalous regional myocardial inhomogeneities in the image. Such changes could easily cause qualitative and quantitative misinterpretations. We present data permitting the reader to assess the magnitude of this effect in his/her own clinical setting.
Nuclear-mediated mitochondrial gene regulation and male fertility in higher plants: Light at the end of the tunnel? (2002)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Characterization of a Mutation in the Lens-Specific CP49 in the 129 Strain of Mouse (2004)

The 129/SvJ and 129/OLa strains of mice harbor a mutation that sharply reduces CP49 mRNA levels and essentially eliminates both CP49 and the beaded filament. These lenses exhibited a slow but progressive loss of optical clarity with age. Thus, the 129 strain of mouse behaves as a functional CP49 knockout. The loss of clarity in the lenses of these animals and the absence of beaded filaments (and any attendant interactions that may exist between beaded filaments and other lens proteins/structures) suggest that gene-targeting studies of lens proteins in which the 129 strain was used as a source of embryonic stem cells may need reevaluation.
Laboratory Assessment of HDL Heterogeneity and Function (2008)

Robust laboratory assays of HDL subfractions and functions and validation of the usefulness of these assays for predicting cardiovascular risk and assessing response to therapeutic interventions are critically important and of great interest to cardiovascular clinicians and investigators and clinical chemists.
Activity of retinoic acid receptor‐γ selectively binding retinoids alone and in combination with interferon‐γ in breast cancer cell lines (1997)

Retinoids modulate several cell functions and especially inhibit the growth of a wide variety of cells including breast cancer. Retinoic acid receptor-γ (RAR-γ) has been shown to mediate the antiproliferative activity of retinoids. To further test this hypothesis we examined the effects of different RAR-γ selectively binding retinoids (CD2325, CD2247, CD666 and CD437) on breast cancer cell lines. With exception of CD2247, all retinoids inhibited proliferation of MCF-7, SKBR-3, T47D and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cell lines, similar to the natural compound all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). In addition, all 4 compounds were able to act synergistically with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in all breast cancer cell lines including the retinoid-resistant BT-20 and 734-B lines. In functional transactivation assays we demonstrated that only in the MCF-7 cell line, TPA-mediated AP-1 activity was suppressed only by ATRA and CD2325, whereas in SKBR-3, another RA-sensitive breast cancer cell line, it was not. The synergistic antiproliferative activity involving retinoids and IFN-γ could not be explained by an enhanced anti-AP-1 activity. No correlation was found between expression of RARs and cellular retinoic acid binding proteins (CRABPs) and antiproliferative effects of the retinoids. RAR-γ selectively binding retinoids are potent inhibitors of breast cancer cell proliferation, alone and in combination with IFN-γ. For this reason and because of a possible low toxicity, as compared with retinoic acid, we speculate that these RAR-γ selective binding retinoids might be of clinical importance. Int. J. Cancer 71:497-503, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss Inc.
Zwei Sammelfunde der Urnenfelderzeit aus Bayerisch-Schwaben (2017)

[nicht vorhanden / not available]
Foreword (1969)

The papers in this issue are based upon some of the contributions presented at the Third International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy held at the Physical Research Laboratories, Ahmedabad, India, February 3‐10, 1969. Previous meetings of the Symposia had been held in Huaychulo, Peru, in 1962, and in Sao José dos Campos, Brazil, in 1965. The earlier meetings had started cooperative work among workers in equatorial regions, initiating a breakdown of the tendency for the worker in equatorial regions to feel himself an ‘out‐station’ from one of the metropolitan countries. The conferences had also served the purpose of bringing some degree of unification among the areas of research that had tended to be pursued in isolated channels. Aeronomy is taken to include all studies of the earth's atmosphere above 60 km. Equatorial aeronomy restricts the interest to the vicinity of the equator and to effects that originate at the equator.
Continuous variable tangle, monogamy inequality, and entanglement sharing in Gaussian states of continuous variable systems (2006)

For continuous-variable systems, we introduce a measure of entanglement, the continuous variable tangle ({\em contangle}), with the purpose of quantifying the distributed (shared) entanglement in multimode, multipartite Gaussian states. This is achieved by a proper convex roof extension of the squared logarithmic negativity. We prove that the contangle satisfies the Coffman-Kundu-Wootters monogamy inequality in all three--mode Gaussian states, and in all fully symmetric $N$--mode Gaussian states, for arbitrary $N$. For three--mode pure states we prove that the residual entanglement is a genuine tripartite entanglement monotone under Gaussian local operations and classical communication. We show that pure, symmetric three--mode Gaussian states allow a promiscuous entanglement sharing, having both maximum tripartite residual entanglement and maximum couplewise entanglement between any pair of modes. These states are thus simultaneous continuous-variable analogs of both the GHZ and the $W$ states of three qubits: in continuous-variable systems monogamy does not prevent promiscuity, and the inequivalence between different classes of maximally entangled states, holding for systems of three or more qubits, is removed.
A Novel Class A Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (BES-1) in <i>Serratia marcescens</i> Isolated in Brazil (2000)

Serratia marcescens Rio-5, one of 18 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains isolated in several hospitals in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 1996 and 1997, exhibited a high level of resistance to aztreonam (MIC, 512 microgram/ml) and a distinctly higher level of resistance to cefotaxime (MIC, 64 microgram/ml) than to ceftazidime (MIC, 8 microgram/ml). The strain produced a plasmid-encoded ESBL with a pI of 7.5 whose bla gene was not related to those of other plasmid-mediated Ambler class A ESBLs. Cloning and sequencing revealed a bla gene encoding a novel class A beta-lactamase in functional group 2be, designated BES-1 (Brazil extended-spectrum beta-lactamase). This enzyme had 51% identity with chromosomal class A penicillinase of Yersinia enterocolitica Y56, which was the most closely related enzyme and 47 to 48% identity with CTX-M-type beta-lactamases, which were the most closely related ESBLs. In common with CTX-M enzymes, BES-1 exhibited high cefotaxime-hydrolyzing activity (k(cat), 425 s(-1)). However, BES-1 differed from CTX-M enzymes by its significant ceftazidime-hydrolyzing activity (k(cat), 25 s(-1)), high affinity for aztreonam (K(i), 1 microM), and lower susceptibility to tazobactam (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)], 0.820 microM) than to clavulanate (IC(50), 0.045 microM). Likewise, certain characteristic structural features of CTX-M enzymes, such as Phe-160, Ser-237, and Arg-276, were observed for BES-1, which, in addition, harbored different residues (Ala-104, Ser-171, Arg-220, Gly-240) and six additional residues at the end of the sequence. BES-1, therefore, may be an interesting model for further investigations of the structure-function relationships of class A ESBLs.
Adaptive CCA for IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks to Mitigate Interference (2010)

IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) share the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) license-free band with many other wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Because of the low-power, however, IEEE 802.15.4 WSNs are potentially vulnerable to the interference introduced by the other wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11b/g WLANs, which have much higher power. Particularly, in the presence of heavy interference, IEEE 802.15.4 nodes can hardly get a chance to access the channel, which could result in discarding a large amount of packets. In this paper, we propose a decentralized approach to help IEEE 802.15.4 nodes mitigate interference. By adaptively and distributively adjusting Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) thresholds of IEEE 802.15.4 nodes in the presence of heavy interference, the approach can substantially reduce the amount of discarded packets due to channel access failures, and therefore significantly enhance the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 WSNs. The approach is robust, responsive and easy to be implemented at a low cost. The effectiveness of the approach is validated by OPNET simulation.
Noninvasive prediction of SAR distributions with an electro-optical E field sensor (1995)

An integrated electro-optical (eo) E field sensor is developed on the basis of a Ti:LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A measuring device based on the lock-in principle is introduced to register the E field in phase and amplitude using this E field probe. Segmented electrodes are used to minimize influences from the dielectric surroundings on the base point capacitance of the receiving dipole. The operating point is stabilized against drift phenomena resulting from optical damage and pyroelectric effect. Sensitivity, dynamic range, harmonic distortions and mechanical properties of a prototype of this electro-optical E field sensor are evaluated. A phantom setup in the SIGMA-60 applicator was developed to test this electro-optical sensor for hyperthermia applications. Power deposition patterns of various standard adjustments of the SIGMA ring are visualized in an elliptical lamp phantom. Simultaneously, E field in phase and amplitude is determined on a closed curve in 10 degrees steps around the phantom in a substitute bolus. The numbers are stored and utilized as boundary conditions in a two-dimensional finite elements code which calculates the SAR distribution on an appropriate triangular grid inside the closed curve. An excellent qualitative agreement is obtained between visualized and calculated SAR patterns. This novel measurement method is therefore suitable for noninvasive monitoring of SAR patterns during clinical application of regional radiofrequency hyperthermia.
Review Recent developments in our understanding of the renal basis of hyperuricemia and the development of novel antihyperuricemic (2006)

Although dietary, genetic, or disease-related excesses in urate production may contribute to hyperuricemia, impaired renal excretion of uric acid is the dominant cause of hyperuricemia in the majority of patients with gout. The aims of this review are to highlight exciting and clinically pertinent advances in our understanding of how uric acid is reabsorbed by the kidney under the regulation of urate transporter (URAT)1 and other recently identified urate transporters; to discuss urate-lowering agents in clinical development; and to summarize the limitations of currently available antihyperuricemic drugs. The use of uricosuric drugs to treat hyperuricemia in patients with gout is limited by prior urolothiasis or renal dysfunction. For this reason, our discussion focuses on the development of the novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat and modified recombinant uricase preparations.
Modeling the normal and neoplastic cell cycle with "realistic Boolean genetic networks": their application for understanding carcinogenesis and assessing therapeutic strategies. (1998)

In this paper we show how Boolean genetic networks could be used to address complex problems in cancer biology. First, we describe a general strategy to generate Boolean genetic networks that incorporate all relevant biochemical and physiological parameters and cover all of their regulatory interactions in a deterministic manner. Second, we introduce "realistic Boolean genetic networks" that produce time series measurements very similar to those detected in actual biological systems. Third, we outline a series of essential questions related to cancer biology and cancer therapy that could be addressed by the use of "realistic Boolean genetic network" modeling.
Enabling quantitative analysis of situation awareness: system architecture for autonomous vehicle handover studies (2019)

A key research domain within self-driving vehicle technology is system safety. Current development efforts target Level 3 autonomy, where the vehicle controls both lateral and transversal motion of the dynamic driving task, while the driver is permitted to divert its attention, as long as s/he is able to react properly to a handover request. Situation awareness, describing the cognitive capabilities of the driver in that given instant, has become a key metric of a safe handover process. This paper proposes an experimental setup for handover studies using the CARLA driving simulator alongside the master console of the da Vinci Surgical System. This surgical master console offers a built-in display in a setup particularly suitable for the analysis of situation awareness, controllers and foot pedals. Steering wheel-like behavior of the arms was achieved using impedance control. The presented solution is open-source, and available at https://github.com/ABC-iRobotics/dvrk_carla.
Physical Education and Mugi Motor Skills Training : A Nine-year Intervention Study With Societal Gains in Sweden (2019)

Objective: The aim was to investigate long-term effects on motor skills and scholastic performance of increased Physical Education (PE) and adapted motor skills training according to the Motor skills as Ground for Learning (MUGI) model – [in Swedish: Motorisk Utveckling som Grund för Inlärning]. Another aim is to describe the implementation and the society gains of the Swedish Bunkeflo project–a healthy way of living.\n\nMethods: All students born 1990-92 in one school in the south of Sweden were included in a longitudinal study during nine years. The school day was prolonged and an intervention group (n=129) received daily PE (5x45 minutes/week) and if needed one extra lesson/week of adapted (MUGI) motor skills training. The control group (n=91) had the school´s ordinary PE 2x45 minutes/week. \nAll teachers and school staff were educated in the MUGI model of motor skills observing and training. Motor skills were evaluated by the MUGI observation checklists and scholastic performances by achievements and grades in Swedish, English, mathematics, PE, and proportion of students who qualified for upper secondary school.\n\nResults: Statistical analyses after three years and at follow up six years later showed that both girls and boys improved more in motor skills (balance and coordination) and their learning performance in Swedish and mathematics became significantly better compared to a control group who had ordinary PE twice per week. In the intervention group 93 percent of the students had good motor skills after nine years compared to 53 percent in the control group (p<0.001), and 96 percent of the students in the intervention group compared to 89 percent in the control group (p<0.05) qualified for higher education in upper secondary school. The sum of evaluated grades was higher among boys in the intervention group than in the control group (p<0.05). Health-economic analyses show that daily PE and adapted motor skills training in school would increase the potential production value and reduce morbidity costs during the ten-year period after school. An investment in staff and premises per student of 500 Euro for all nine school years would give productivity gains and reduced morbidity costs of 4,130 Euro for every student.\n\nConclusion: Daily PE and adapted motor skills training during the compulsory school years is a feasible way to improve not only motor skills but also scholastic performance and the proportion of students who qualify for upper secondary school. The health-economic evaluation of the project shows that the investment was clearly profitable for the municipality.\nKeywords: academic achievements, cognition, economic health analysis, implementation, motor skills checklists, motor skills development, physical education, scholastic performance, the Bunkeflo project, the Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study
Urban WiFi characterization via mobile crowdsensing (2014)

We present a mobile crowdsensing approach for urban WiFi characterization that leverages commodity smartphones and the natural mobility of people. Specifically, we report measurement results obtained for Edinburgh, a representative European city, on detecting the presence of deployedWiFi APs via the mobile crowdsensing approach. They show that few channels in 2.4GHz are heavily used; in contrast, there is hardly any activity in the 5GHz band even though relatively it has a greater number of available channels. Spatial analysis of spectrum usage reveals that mutual interference among nearby APs operating in the same channel can be a serious problem with around 10 APs contending with each other in many locations. We find that the characteristics of WiFi deployments at city-scale are similar to that of WiFi deployments in public spaces of different indoor environments. We validate our approach in comparison with wardriving, and also show that our findings generally match with previous studies based on other measurement approaches. As an application of the mobile crowdsensing based urban WiFi monitoring, we outline a cloud based WiFi router configuration service for better interference management with global awareness in urban areas.
D-peptide inhibitors of the p53–MDM2 interaction for targeted molecular therapy of malignant neoplasms (2010)

The oncoproteins MDM2 and MDMX negatively regulate the activity and stability of the tumor suppressor protein p53, conferring tumor development and survival. Antagonists targeting the p53-binding domains of MDM2 and MDMX kill tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo by reactivating the p53 pathway, promising a class of antitumor agents for cancer therapy. Aided by native chemical ligation and mirror image phage display, we recently identified a D-peptide inhibitor of the p53-MDM2 interaction termed (D)PMI-alpha (TNWYANLEKLLR) that competes with p53 for MDM2 binding at an affinity of 219 nM. Increased selection stringency resulted in a distinct D-peptide inhibitor termed (D)PMI-gamma (DWWPLAFEALLR) that binds MDM2 at an affinity of 53 nM. Structural studies coupled with mutational analysis verified the mode of action of these D-peptides as MDM2-dependent p53 activators. Despite being resistant to proteolysis, both (D)PMI-alpha and (D)PMI-gamma failed to actively traverse the cell membrane and, when conjugated to a cationic cell-penetrating peptide, were indiscriminately cytotoxic independently of p53 status. When encapsulated in liposomes decorated with an integrin-targeting cyclic-RGD peptide, however, (D)PMI-alpha exerted potent p53-dependent growth inhibitory activity against human glioblastoma in cell cultures and nude mouse xenograft models. Our findings validate D-peptide antagonists of MDM2 as a class of p53 activators for targeted molecular therapy of malignant neoplasms harboring WT p53 and elevated levels of MDM2.
EMS Provider Determinations of Necessity for Transport and Reimbursement for EMS Response, Medical Care, and Transport: Combined Resource Document for the National Association of EMS Physicians Position Statements (2011)

With increasing demands for emergency medical services (EMS), many EMS jurisdictions are utilizing EMS provider-initiated nontransport policies as a method to offload potentially nonemergent patients from the EMS system. EMS provider determination of medical necessity, resulting in nontransport of patients, has the potential to avert unnecessary emergency department visits. However, EMS systems that utilize these policies must have additional education for the providers, a quality improvement process, and active physician oversight. In addition, EMS provider determination of nontransport for a specific situation should be supported by evidence in the peer-reviewed literature that the practice is safe. Further, EMS systems that do not utilize these programs should not be financially penalized. Payment for EMS services should be based on the prudent layperson standard. EMS systems that do utilize nontransport policies should be appropriately reimbursed, as this represents potential cost savings to the health care system.
High-performance Ge/GaAs heterojunction tunneling FET with a channel engineering for sub-0.5 V operation (2015)

A Ge/GaAs heterojunction provides momentous improvements in current characteristics due to its band arrangement and enhanced band-to-band tunneling. Ge has a narrow bandgap (0.67 eV) and a smaller electron affinity (4.0 eV) and GaAs has a relatively larger energy bandgap (1.42 eV) and electron affinity (4.07 eV) at room temperature. For the heterojunction of GaAs and Ge, by grafting p+ Ge source and n+ GaAs well in forming a GaAs-on-Ge structure, prominently high performances including current drivability of Ion = 482.6 μA μm−1, current ratio (Ion/Ioff) = 1.76 × 109, and S = 8.02 mV dec−1 have been achieved by design optimization of doping profile aiming at extremely low drain voltage (VDS) of 0.3 V. The design variables were VDS, the length of n+ doped well in the GaAs layer (Lwell) and n-type doping concentration in the drain junction (Ndrain). They are confirmed by the results that Ge/GaAs heterojunction TFET is very suitable for low-power and high-speed applications.
An extended magnet in a passive <i>dI</i>/<i>dt</i> limiter (1994)

This article examines a composite magnetic device which has the potential to function as a rate of current change (dI/dt) limiter. A possible application of such a device is to protect voltage-source-fed systems, either ac or dc, from overcurrents during fault situations. The operation of this dI/dt limiter is discussed, and performance equations are derived. Results obtained from this analysis are compared to a set of finite element simulations. An improvement to the basic design is suggested, in which the permanent magnet slices are extended in order to decrease the amount of leakage flux surrounding the dI/dt limiter.