gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of lenslet arrays in spatial light modulators (1994)

The uses of lenslet arrays are reviewed in conjunction with spatial light modulators (SLMs) in optical signal processing. The functions performed by the lenslets include focusing, collimation, imaging, flux concentration and Fourier transformation. In addition we describe two applications of lenslet arrays and SLMs to novel forms of liquid crystal display.
A Mutational Epitope for Cytochrome c Binding to the Apoptosis Protease Activation Factor-1 (2001)

Cytochrome <i>c</i> (Cc) binding to apoptosis protease activation factor-1 (Apaf-1) is a critical activation step in the execution phase of apoptosis. Here we report studies that help define the Cc:Apaf-1 binding surface. It is shown that a large number of Cc residues, including residues 7, 25, 39, 62–65, and 72, are involved in the Cc:Apaf-1 interaction. Mutation of residue 72 eliminated Cc activity whereas mutations of residues 7, 25, 39, and 62–65 showed reduced activity in an additive fashion. The implications of this binding model for both recognition and modulation of protein-protein interactions are briefly discussed.
A dynamic approach to identifying desired physiological phases for cardiac imaging using multislice spiral CT (2003)

In this investigation, we describe a quantitative technique to measure coronary motion, which can be correlated with cardiac image quality using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scanners. MSCT scanners, with subsecond scanning, thin-slice imaging (sub-millimeter) and volume scanning capabilities have paved the way for new clinical applications like noninvasive cardiac imaging. ECG-gated spiral CT using MSCT scanners has made it possible to scan the entire heart in a single breath-hold. The continuous data acquisition makes it possible for multiple phases to be reconstructed from a cardiac cycle. We measure the position and three-dimensional velocities of well-known landmarks along the proximal, mid, and distal regions of the major coronary arteries [left main (LM), left anterior descending (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA), and left circumflex (LCX)] during the cardiac cycle. A dynamic model (called the "delay algorithm") is described which enables us to capture the same physiological phase or "state" of the anatomy during the cardiac cycle as the instantaneous heart rate varies during the spiral scan. The coronary arteries are reconstructed from data obtained during different physiological cardiac phases and we correlate image quality of different parts of the coronary anatomy with phases at which minimum velocities occur. The motion characteristics varied depending on the artery, with the highest motion being observed for RCA. The phases with the lowest mean velocities provided the best visualization. Though more than one phase of relative minimum velocity was observed for each artery, the most consistent image quality was observed during mid-diastole ("diastasis") of the cardiac cycle and was judged to be superior to other reconstructed phases in 92% of the cases. In the process, we also investigated correlation between cardiac arterial states and other measures of motion, such as the left ventricular volume during a cardiac cycle, which earlier has been demonstrated as an example of how anatomic-specific information can be used in a knowledge-based cardiac CT algorithm. Using these estimates in characterizing cardiac motion also provides realistic simulation models for higher heart rates and also in optimizing volume reconstructions for individual segments of the cardiac anatomy.
Effects of impact modifiers on the properties of rigid PVC/wood‐fiber composites (2000)

Abstract This study examined the effects of impact modifier types and addition levels on the mechanical properties of rigid PVC/wood‐fiber composites. The impact resistance of rigid PVC/wood‐fiber composites depends strongly on the type and content of impact modifier. With the proper choice of modifier type and concentration, the impact strength of rigid PVC/wood‐fiber composites can be significantly improved without degrading the tensile properties. Methacrylate‐butadiene‐styrene and all‐acrylic modifiers performed in a similar manner and were more effective and efficient in improving the impact resistance of rigid PVC/wood‐fiber composites than the chlorinated polyethylene modifier.
Improvement of High-Current Density PCB Design With PSU Load Balance and Redundancy on a High End Server System (2014)

Power efficiency and utilization are important factors for a cloud service provider. In this paper, we provide one quick design method both for a high-current density power distribution printed circuit board (PCB) design and for an improvement of a high end server system. This design method also takes into consideration both load balance and failures of a multipower supply server system, when the server system is supported by a redundancy power source. Our design is based on a system power source to sink the current path for both PCB copper shape dimension and thickness design, and to add some power or ground via for stitching either each power or ground plane on a multilayer PCB design to reduce direct current resistance. It also considers the airflow necessary for cooling the power distribution board to lower the temperature rise when high current is delivered with a resulting lower power loss and higher power efficiency and performance per watt.
Effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing on Oxygen Precipitation Behavior in Silicon Wafers (2001)

The effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on oxygen precipitation behavior in Czochralski silicon wafers was investigated with an emphasis on the RTA ambient, temperature and cooling rate. It was found that (i) anomalous oxygen precipitation (AOP) was observed in the case of RTA temperature at ≧1240°C with cooling rates of ≧25°C/s in Ar and in the case of RTA temperature at ≧1200°C with cooling rates of ≧5°C/s in N 2 , while AOP was not observed in O 2 , (ii) an M-like depth profile of precipitate density appeared for the cooling rates of ≧50°C/s in Ar, and ≧25°C/s in N 2 , and (iii) the width of the precipitate denuded zone was larger than the width of outdiffused oxygen in the case of RTA in Ar. The relationships of thermal equilibrium concentrations C J * and diffusion constants D J were estimated to be C I * < C V * and D I > D V (I: interstitial, V: vacancy) from the experimental results of RTA in Ar and the calculated results using the Voronkov model.
Effect of two levels of transgalactosylated oligosaccharide intake in rats associated with human faecal microflora on bacterial glycolytic activity, end‐products of fermentation and bacterial steroid transformation (1996)

The effects of two levels of transgalactosylated oligosaccharide (TOS) intake on bacterial glycolytic activity, end products of fermentation and bacterial steroid transformation were studied in rats associated with a human faecal flora. Rats were fed a human-type diet containing 0, 5 or 10% TOS. Caecal pH decrease correlated with the amount of TOS in the diet. Intake of the TOS diet induced a decrease in blood cholesterol and a strong increase in beta-galactosidase activity in the hindgut. TOS fermentation led to production of hydrogen and short chain fatty acids, whereas ammonia and branched-chain fatty acids were decreased. A diet containing 10% TOS increased caecal lactic acid concentrations and reduced beta-glucuronidase activities and steroid transformation.
Mild Conditions for Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Phenols and Aryl Iodides and Bromides (2006)

Abstract Coupling of phenols and aryl bromides can be efficiently performed by means of catalytic amounts of copper iodide and the inexpensive ligand 1 (structure given in Table 1). The reaction is applicable to a wide range of substrates and proceeds at 60–80 °C, the lowest temperatures reported to date for an Ullmann‐type synthesis of diaryl ethers. Moreover, the use of aryl bromides and inexpensive K 3 PO 4 as base make this method attractive for applications on an industrial scale.
Micro coils for improved power transfer in telemetry systems (2003)

To improve the transmission behaviour of a transponder system a new fabrication technique which enables the realisation of multiple layer micro coils by using single layer micro coils is presented. The single layer micro coils were realised by electroplating of 20 /spl mu/m thick gold on a 9 /spl mu/m thick polyimide film. Afterwards, the foil was folded together in such a way that the coils were adjusted one above the other. Using this technique double- and 4-layer coils with. different number of turns were fabricated. Compared to single layer coils the inductance of the coils increased by a factor of 3.3 for the double layer coils and by a factor of 12.4 for the 4-layer coils. In addition the obtained voltage drop across a 10 k/spl Omega/ load resistance increased for both coil types (double and 4-layer coils) by more than 20% and across a 39 k/spl Omega/ load resistance by more than 70%, respectively.
Rates of decarboxylation of acyloxy radicals formed in the photocleavage of substituted 1-naphthylmethyl alkanoates (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRates of decarboxylation of acyloxy radicals formed in the photocleavage of substituted 1-naphthylmethyl alkanoatesJames W. Hilborn and James A. PincockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7, 2683–2686Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00007a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00007a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1383Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Substituted Indole-3-acetic Acids by the Reformatsky Reaction (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted Indole-3-acetic Acids by the Reformatsky ReactionJames R. Piper and Frank J. StevensCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 9, 3134–3137Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01056a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01056a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vitro evaluation of a novel ketolide antimicrobial agent, RU-64004 (1997)

Ketolides, a novel macrolide subclass, possess a mode of action that is similar to that of structurally related macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) compounds. By using reference in vitro tests, the in vitro activity of RU-64004 was compared to those of six other MLS compounds against more than 800 clinical pathogens, including 356 gram-positive organisms. The spectrum of activity of the ketolide was most similar to that of clindamycin versus staphylococci and streptococci and superior to those of all macrolides tested against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant (vanA, vanB, and vanC) enterococcal isolates. The activity of the ketolide was greater than those of the macrolides, azalides, or clindamycin tested against vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited [MIC90S], 0.25 to 4 micrograms/ml), penicillin-resistant pneumococci (MIC90, 0.25 micrograms/ml), and most beta-hemolytic streptococci. All Streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-hemolytic streptococcus strain were inhibited by ketolide concentrations of < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml. Against 165 erythromycin-resistant strains, RU-64004 inhibited (MICs, < or = 0.5 micrograms/ml) approximately one-third of staphylococci, all streptococci, and slightly more than one-half of the enterococci. Quinupristin-dalfopristin (a streptogramin combination) was active against all tested isolates with the exception of non-Enterococcus faecium enterococci, against which the ketolide exhibited greater potency (MIC50S, 0.03 to 2 micrograms/ml). The ketolide was also active against Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90, 2 micrograms/ml), Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC90, 0.12 micrograms/ml), pathogenic Neisseria spp. (MIC90, 0.5 micrograms/ml), and many gram-positive anaerobes (MIC90, 0.5 micrograms/ml). RU-64004 may enhance the role of macrolide drugs in the treatment of some serious infections caused by MLS-resistant gram-positive organisms.
Bromocriptine improves glycaemic control and serum lipid profile in obese Type 2 diabetic subjects: a new approach in the treatment of diabetes (1999)

Bromocriptine, a potent dopamine D(2) receptor agonist, has been shown to reduce insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hyperlipidaemia in both numerous animal studies and in Phase II studies. Bromocriptine has been used worldwide for over 20 years to treat Parkinson's disease, macroprolactinoma and other disorders; it has been found to be generally safe. We therefore investigated the possible beneficial effects of Ergoset(R) (Ergo Science Corp.), a new quick release formulation of bromocriptine, on glycaemic control and serum lipid profile in obese Type 2 diabetic subjects in two large Phase III studies. A large, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted in which Ergoset was given once daily at 8 am. (4.8 mg maximum dose) for 24 weeks as adjunctive therapy to sulphonylurea (485 subjects) to obese Type 2 diabetics held on a weight- maintaining diet. Treatment efficacy parameters included change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)), fasting and post-prandial serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels. Baseline glycated haemoglobin, fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels did not differ between treatment groups. and on average were 9.4 +/- 0.05%, 222 +/- 2 mg/dl, 24 +/- 1 µU/ml, 248 +/- 11 mg/dl, and 850 +/- 32 µEq/l, respectively. A similarly designed study of Ergoset as monotherapy in Type 2 diabetics (154 subjects) with similar baseline clinical characteristics was conducted. Addition of Ergoset treatment to sulphonylurea reduced percent glycated HbA(1c) by 0.55 (P < 0.0001) (approximately 1.0 for responders, 65% of population), fasting and post-prandial glucose by 23 and 26 mg/dl (P < 0.0002), fasting and post-prandial triglycerides by 72 and 63 mg/dl (P < 0.005) and fasting and post-prandial free fatty acids by 150 and 165 µEq/l (P < 0.05), relative to placebo. Twelve percent of all Ergoset subjects, compared to 3% of placebo subjects, withdrew from the study due to adverse events. The most common events causing withdrawal were nausea, dizziness, asthenia, and rhinitis (representing 4.5, 3.3, 2.0, and 0.8% of the total Ergoset populations, respectively). The incidence of serious adverse events did not differ between Ergoset- (3.4%) and placebo- (4.3%) treated subjects. Ergoset as monotherapy also improved glycaemic control (0.56 HbA(1c) decrease relative to placebo after 24 weeks of treatment; P < 0.02). Once daily Ergoset treatment improves glycaemic control and serum lipid profile and is well-tolerated in obese Type 2 diabetics.
Coherent WDM-PON using heterodyne detection with transmitter-side polarization diversity (2010)

Coherent detection can improve the receiver sensitivity and spectral density, so it has become a key technology in realizing the advanced access network. Adding optical heterodyne detection to the wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) makes it possible to increase the number of accommodated optical network units (ONUs) and the transmission distance.In this letter, we propose and demonstrate a heterodyne detection scheme that realizes polarization diversity with one photo detector and one receiving circuit by centralizing diversity devices at the transmitter. We experimentally achieved the cost-effective polarization diversity technique which receiver sensitivity fluctuation was 1.2dB, and the power penalty was less than 0.8dB after transmission through 10km single-mode fiber.
An 113DB-Link-Budget Bluetooth-5 SoC with an 8dBm 22%-Efficiency TX (2018)

We present a high link budget Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) SoC supporting Bluetooth 5 new features. A conduction-angle-reduced 8dBm power amplifier utilizing a real-time output waveform symmetry feedback (SFB) is proposed to achieve both high efficiency and robust harmonic suppression capability. The spurious emission during the startup of the TX is suppressed by a preset function of the SFB. The RX with a MODEM supports Bluetooth 5 long-range modes. Using only a total of 9 off-chip components the proposed SoC achieves 113dB link budget and 22% TX efficiency including MODEM and PMU with a 3V supply. The SoC is compliant with the FCC regulations over PVT conditions.
Radiation from flexural vibrations of the baseplate and their effect on the accuracy of traveltime measurements (2005)

ABSTRACT We analyse the problem of radiation of seismic waves by a vibroseis source when the baseplate is subject to flexure. A theoretical model is proposed to account for baseplate flexure, generalizing the well‐known model of the vibroseis source of Sallas and Weber, which was developed for a rigid plate. Using the model proposed, we analyse the effect of flexure on the properties of seismic waves. We show that the flexure does not contribute to the far‐field and mainly affects the readings of the reference accelerometer that is used to measure the force applied to the ground; these readings generally become dependent on the location of the sensor on the plate. For muddy and sandy soils, the effect of flexure on baseplate‐acceleration measurements is nonetheless pronounced at the high end of the vibroseis frequency band only (∼100 Hz), and is negligible at all frequencies for stiffer soils. The corresponding phase lags introduced by the flexural vibrations at high frequencies lead to errors in the traveltime measurements (through the cross‐correlation function) of up to 0.6 ms for muddy soils and less for denser soils. We show the existence of an optimal position of the reference sensor on the baseplate and also propose a general method of eliminating the phase lag due to the baseplate flexure in acceleration measurements.
Mild oxidation of alkyl halides (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMild oxidation of alkyl halidesRaymond J. Bergeron and Patrick G. HoffmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 11, 1835–1839Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01325a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01325a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cross-layer design for optimizing TCP performance (2005)

In this paper, we propose and analyze novel and efficient cross-layer designs involving joint optimization of physical, link, and TCP layers in wireless. Particularly, we investigate the design of symbol mapping diversity (SMD) schemes using M-QAM at the physical layer for optimal goodput performance at the TCP layer. We present the design and TCP goodput analysis of two SMD schemes, one applying SMD at the TCP packet level, termed as full packet SMD (FP SMD), and the other applying SMD at the link layer (LL) packet level, termed as LL ARQ SMD. We show that although the LL ARQ SMD scheme offers good TCP goodput at high SNR, it performs poorer compared to the FP SMD scheme at low SNR because of increased delays incurred due to increased LL retransmissions at low SNR. We therefore propose and analyze a hybrid SMD scheme which adaptively switches modes (between LL ARQ SMD and FP SMD) based on measured LL packet error rate. We show that the hybrid SMD scheme combines the best TCP performance of both LL ARQ SMD and FP SMD under varying channel conditions.
Preparation of Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>x</sub> Superconductors from Amorphous Films by Rapid Quenching after Rapid Melting (1988)

Complete amorphous films with the composition of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x were successfully prepared by the rapid quenching after rapid melting technique without any containers. The evaporation loss was measured to be 0.237 wt%/sec or less at 1673–1773 K in the initial stage of melting. The amorphous materials were crystallized in the Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x phase above 1073 K through the Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO x phase crystallized above 733 K. The crystallized Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x film showed a superconducting transition at T co =86.8 K and T ce =66.7 K.