gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring for potentially xenozoonotic viruses in New Zealand pigs (2003)

Shortage of human donor organs for transplantation has prompted evaluation of animals as an alternative donor source. Pigs are the most acceptable candidate animals but issues of xenozoonozes remain. Despite careful monitoring of high-health-status (HHS) pigs, there is still a risk that their tissues may carry infectious agents. Furthermore, pathogens which are significant in xenotransplantation are not necessarily those of veterinary importance. The detection of these potentially transmissible infectious agents may require the development and application of new surveillance technologies. We present data on monitoring for five potentially xenotic viruses in New Zealand pig herds, namely pig cytomegalovirus (PCMV), pig lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), pigcircovirus (PCV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV). These five viruses are either potentially oncogenic, establish persistent infection, or are known to be zoonotic. This study has expanded significantly the information on porcine viruses in New Zealand. Using this information, it is now possible to complete protocols for monitoring pig herds and tissues prior to their use in xenotransplantation. The study resulted in selection of a possible source herd for swine-to-human islet transplantation.
Thin-metal-clad waveguide polarizers: analysis and comparison with experiment (1990)

We present an analysis of a thin-metal-film in-line fiber polarizer and compare the results with experimentally observed TE- and TM-mode losses. It is shown that the analysis predicts reasonably well the experimentally observed behavior. The present analysis can be used as a design aid for obtaining initial design parameters such as buffer thickness, type of metal, metal thickness, and superstrate refractive index for such polarizer structures.
Advantages of Active Haptics on Touch Surfaces (2016)

Touch surfaces with no surface deformations delineating the individual function fields open up new design possibilities in the car interior. However, a haptic feedback signal similar to a mechanical button appears to be necessary for orientation and input acknowledgment. This has been put into practice in a new product by Continental, using active haptics in the form of an electromechanical concept. This article describes the review of this new product's added value, and refutes potential disadvantages regarding its fitness for use compared with traditional solutions. The subjective perception of the active haptic feedback signal is also described. Three different empirical investigations, each with 20 test subjects, were carried out. Our results show that there is significant added value regarding the attractiveness of the new product. The absence of any shortcomings regarding its fitness for use compared with traditional solutions could not be proved conclusively. Nevertheless, interesting connections between the subjective perception of the haptic feedback signal and its intensity were observed.
Recovery of Aconitic Acid from Molasses (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecovery of Aconitic Acid from MolassesErnest A. Regna and Paul F. BruinsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1956, 48, 8, 1268–1277Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50560a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Rapid and simple detection of Hepatitis C virus by reverse transcriptase -loop- mediated isothermal amplification method (2010)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently causes chronic hepatitis, which progresses to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV infection has now become a serious health problem because at least 170 million people worldwide are currently infected with HCV. Molecular diagnostics are revolutionizing the clinical practice of infectious disease. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel technique for nucleic acid amplification. This simple and rapid technique relies on strand-displacing DNA synthesis performed using the Bst DNA polymerase large fragment under isothermal conditions in the temperature range of 60–65°C, thereby obviating the need for a thermal cycler. The method has also been rendered applicable to RNA genomes by combining it with reverse transcription reactions (RT-LAMP). RT-LAMP is characterized by the use of 6 different primers. For 110 quantities sera, Nested RT-PCR and RT-LAMP were done. At the end of theLAMP reaction, SYBR Green was used for identifying negative and positive results. The PCR sensitivity up to 80 particles was observed and the LAMP sensitivity test was verified up to 8 particles. The data presented in this study suggested that the RT-LAMP assay is more sensitive than RT-PCR by picking up 5 additional cases that were negative by RT-PCR. These findings demonstrate that detection of HCV using RT-LAMP was more sensitive than the Nested RT-PCR. The RT-LAMP assay developed in this study is simple, rapid, and cost effective as well as highly sensitive and specific.

	 

	Key words: Hepatitis C virus, RT-LAMP, nested RT-PCR.
Study of cation-dominated ionic-electronic materials and devices (2014)

The memristor is a two-terminal semiconductor device that is able to mimic the conductance response of synapses and can be utilized in next-generation computing platforms that will compute similarly to the mammalian brain. The initial memristor implementation is operated by the digital formation and dissolution of a highly conductive filament. However, an analog memristor is necessary to mimic analog synapses in the mammalian brain. To understand the mechanisms of operation and impact of different device designs, analog memristors were fabricated, modeled, and characterized. To realize analog memristors, lithiated transition metal oxides were grown by molecular beam epitaxy, RF sputtering, and liquid phase electro-epitaxy. Analog memristors were modeled using a finite element model simulation and characterized with X-ray absorption spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy, and other electrical methods. It was shown that lithium movement facilitates analog memristance and nanoscopic ionic-electronic memristors with ion-soluble electrodes can be key enabling devices for brain-inspired computing.
Reducing test power, time and data volume in SoC testing using selective trigger scan architecture (2004)

Time, power and data volume are among the most challenging problems in test of system-on-chip (SoC) devices. These problems become even more important in scan-based test. The selective trigger scan architecture introduced in this paper addresses these problems. This architecture reduces switching activity in the circuit-under-test (CUT) and increases the scan clock frequency. The format of data for this reduced activity architecture enables us to perform a good compression and further reduce the test time. Our experiments on ISCAS 85 and 89 benchmark circuits show the effectiveness of this architecture in improving SoC test in terms of power, time and data volume.
Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Patients With Serologic Progression of Prostate Cancer Achieving Long-Term Disease Control With Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (2006)

GM-CSF modulates PSA in androgen dependent, biochemically relapsed cases. A substantial proportion of patients achieve long-term disease control. The clinical characteristics described may help select patients for future clinical trials with GM-CSF or other immunomodulators. Additional investigation is required to define the immunological mechanism of GM-CSF in prostate cancer.
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: time for individualized risk reduction (2009)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in people with dia- betes, and represents up to 80% of premature death in this patient population (1,2). Traditional CVD risk factors in the diabetic population include hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetic dyslipidemia, central obesity, smoking and sed- entary lifestyles, while nontraditional risk fac- tors include low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the prothrombotic state (increased PAI-1, increased platelet aggregation and increased fibrinogen) (3). Control of CVD risk factors in diabetic patients is quite challenging, costly and burdensome, and is only achieved in a small proportion of the population, particularly among those at the high- est risk of CVD, such as ethnic minorities and those with established CVD and chronic kid- ney disease (CKD), as well as the elderly diabetic patients (4-11). Work by our group and others, including nationally representative samples, indi- cate that control of individual CVD risk factors according to the applicable practice guidelines is achieved in less than a third of the diabetic population (6,7,10) with only 3-7% of the diabetic population simultaneously achieving glycemic, blood pressure and lipid goals (6,7,10). While tight glycemic control with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 6.5-7% has been recommended in various clinical practice guidelines, and is used as a measure of quality of care and in some instances as a determinant of reimbursement such as with Medicare, 'Pay for Performance' initiatives, evi- dence for CVD protection with this approach is generally lacking, especially with long-standing diabetes, elderly populations and in those with CKD (12,13). Furthermore, accumulating evi-
Structure of carbohydrate of hemoglobin AIc. (1977)

Hemoglobin AIc is a minor component of normal adult erythrocytes whose concentration is elevated approximately 2-fold in patients with diabetes mellitus. Previous work suggested that the unique structural feature of hemoglobin AIc is the presence of a low molecular weight sugar moiety at the NH2-terminal valine of the beta chain. In this study the structure of the carbohydrate moiety and the nature of its linkage of the beta chain were investigated. Enzymatic digestion of borohydride-reduced betaAIc chains followed by ion exchange chromatography led to the isolation of two distinct NH2-terminal glycovalylhistidines. Comparison of these glycodipeptides with synthetic glycovalylhistidines by thin layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy gave direct evidence that the naturally derived materials correspond to glucitol and mannitol valylhistidines. Model reactions showed that glucose and mannose react with valine under mild conditions to form an adduct which upon sodium borohydride reduction yields in both cases glucitol and mannitol valines. This suggests a common intermediate, 1-deoxy-1-(N-valyl)fructose, for both reactions. From these studies we conclude that hemoglobin AIc has, as the NH2 terminus of the beta chain, 1-deoxy-1-(N-valyl)fructose. The possible biosynthetic pathways of hemoglobin AIc are discussed.
Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antituberculosis Drugs (2008)

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality due to a single infectious agent. The currently used combination drug regimens produce cure rates that exceed 95%, given good patient adherence during the multiple months treatment period. However the recent surge in HIV infections and the synergy between HIV and TB as well as the emergence of resistance resulted in an unforeseen increase in the number of TB cases, including multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) forms of TB. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop novel, fast acting antituberculosis drugs with high potency that can provide treatment options for all forms of TB. It is well known that the current TB drugs exhibit differences in their in vivo activity profile and these differences are largely determined by their pharmacodynamics (PD), i.e. intrinsic antibacterial activity, biopharmaceutical properties such as solubility and permeability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties such as drug exposure, tissue distribution, and protein binding. An understanding of the relationships among these properties is considered key for a rational use of antituberculosis therapeutics. The current review provides a comprehensive summary of physicochemical/biopharmaceutical, PK, and PD properties of currently used antituberculosis drugs and novel agents under development. Also, a brief review of PK/PD parameters of current TB drugs is given and properties of a desirable TB drug target and drug molecule are outlined. The information provided herewith may be useful in the optimization of biopharmaceutical and PK/PD characteristics in the development of novel TB therapeutics and in the design of optimal treatment regimens.
Fiber identification in microscopy by ridge detection and grouping (2003)

In microscopy, a common task is the identification of individual objects having some particular shape, after which various features can be measured and feature statistics taken over the set of objects. The identification process can be automated by applying appropriate computer vision techniques. The author addresses the specific problem of fiber identification. Fibers appear as thin lines or curves in an image. In a 3D graph or 'surface plot' of the image, they would appear as ridges or valleys. The paper describes a method of finding fibers based on the detection of individual ridge 'edgels'; grouping of these edgels into simple, generally non-overlapping, curves; and the further grouping of curves into extended fibers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Equilibrium swelling properties of polyampholytic hydrogels (1996)

The role of counter ions and ion dissociation in establishing the equilibrium swelling of balanced and unbalanced polyampholytic hydrogels has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The swelling dependence on both the net charge offset and the external bath salt concentration has been examined using an acrylamide based polyampholytic hydrogels. By careful consideration of the swelling kinetics, we illustrate the effects of ion dissociation equilibria and counter ion shielding in polyampholytic hydrogels near their balance point where both polyelectrolyte and polyampholyte effects are present. The theory considers a Flory type swelling model where the Coulombic interactions between fixed ions in the hydrogel resemble those of an ionic solid with a Debye screening factor. Theoretical predictions from this model are in qualitative agreement with our experimental results.
A data-driven approach for multivariate contextualized anomaly detection: Industry use case (2017)

Anomaly detection is the process of discovering some anomalous behaviour in the real-time operation of a system. It is a difficult task, since in a general case (multivariate anomaly detection) an anomaly can be related to the behaviour of several parameters which are not necessarily behaving anomalously per se, but their (complex) relation is anomalous (not usual/normal). This implies the need for a very efficient modeling of the normal behaviour in order to know what should be treated as anomalous/outlier/unusual. Consequently, classical model-driven approaches, due to their focus on the selected parameters for creating models, are not able to model the behaviour of the whole system. This is why data-driven approaches for anomaly detection are getting even more important for the industry use cases where hundreds (thousands) of parameters should be taken into account. However, current approaches are usually focused on the univariate anomaly detection (or some variations of it), so without observing the entire space of relations since the computation is very complex. In this paper we present a novel approach for the multivariate anomaly detection that is based on modeling and managing the streams of variations in a multidimensional space. The main advantage of this approach is the possibility to observe the relations between variations in a large set of parameters and create clusters of “normal/usual” variations. In order to ensure scaling, which is one of the most challenging requirements, the approach is based on the usage of the big data technologies for realizing data analytics tasks/calculations. The approach is realized as a part of D2Lab (Data Diagnostics Laboratory) framework and has been applied in several industrial use cases. In this paper we present an interesting usage for the anomaly detection in the process of functional testing of home appliances (in particular case refrigerators) after manufacturing/assembling process. It has been done for a big vendor (Whirlpool), who expects huge saving in testing and improved customer satisfaction from this approach.
Two species of Rev proteins, with distinct N termini, are expressed by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (1996)

Several cDNA clones representing alternatively spliced Rev-specific transcripts were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from Himalayan tahr cells infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). We previously characterized two rev-like cDNA species, d1 and d2, and a tat e1 cDNA containing the rev coding sequence downstream to the tat. In these cDNAs, the rev coding domain derives its amino terminus from the N terminus of env, which is spliced to the 3' open reading frame encoding the putative Rev protein. In this study, we report the genetic structure of a fourth rev-like cDNA (designated g1), which lacks the 5' env-derived sequences. All of these rev transcripts, including cDNA g1, increased the level of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression when cotransfected with a reporter plasmid containing the CAEV Rev-response element-spanning region downstream of the cat coding sequences. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis showed that each transfected cDNA species gave rise to a 16-kDa protein lacking env-encoded amino-terminal epitopes. In contrast, CAEV-infected Himalayan tahr cells expressed only a 20-kDa protein, whose N terminus, in contrast, is derived from the env. Moreover, only the 20-kDa protein was also detected in the mature CAEV virions. These observations suggest that the transcripts d1, d2, and e1 can potentially, in appropriate cellular context, encode two Rev isoforms differing in their N termini, whereas the g1 transcript encodes only the 16-kDa species. Elucidation of the significance of the 16-kDa Rev protein in CAEV biology must await further studies.
Automatic determination of the remaining cladding thickness of a single-mode fiber half-coupler (1994)

A method for the exact determination of the remaining cladding thickness (h) of a polished single-mode fiber, from the measurement of the throughput attenuation, is shown. Experimental loss variations with h are verified with the theoretical expression of the loss coefficient, which depends on the fiber parameters, source wavelength, and refractive index of the liquid placed over the polished fiber.
Health Services for Migrant Farm Families (1945)

Health Services for Migrant Farm Families Frederick D. Mott CopyRight*Presented before the Maternal and Child Health Section of the American Public Health Association at the Seventy-third Annual Meeting in New York, N. Y., October 3, 1944. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.35.4.308 Published Online: August 29, 2011
A role for Runx2 in normal mammary gland and breast cancer bone metastasis (2005)

The transcription factor Runx2 is essential for the formation of the skeleton. It has therefore primarily been considered as a specific regulator of bone genes. However, mice containing a LacZ insertion at the Runx2 locus also revealed expression in the nascent mammary epithelium. Reports of Runx2 expression in breast cancer cell lines, combined with the fact that breast cancers preferentially metastasise to bone, have also hinted at a potential role for Runx2 in the formation of bone metastasese. These initial observations have prompted further analysis of Runx2 function in mammary epithelial cells and recent findings have demonstrated that Runx2 does indeed contribute to the ability of metastatic breast cancer cell lines to form osteolytic bone lesions. In addition, evidence is accumulating that Runx2 has a role in the regulation of normal mammary gland gene expression and recent data demonstrate that it regulates transcription of the mammary gland-specific gene, beta-casein. In this article I discuss recent advances that link Runx2 with normal mammary epithelial cell function and the development of bone metastasese in breast cancer.
Stabilité de l’étoposide dans Ecoflac®, contenant en polyéthylène basse densité (1999)

L’objectif de ce travail consiste a evaluer la compatibilite de l’etoposide (Vepeside®) avec Ecoflac®, contenant en polyethylene basse densite dans differentes conditions de temperature et de luminosite. Des solutions d’etoposide a 50 et 200 mug/ml dans du glucose 5 % et du NaCl 0,9 % ont ete preparees dans Ecoflac® et conservees soit a temperature ambiante (20-25 °C) et lumiere ambiante, soit a temperature ambiante et a l’obscurite, soit au refrigerateur a + 4 °C. Les memes essais ont ete realises dans des poches en PVC. Des prelevements ont ete effectues et analyses au cours des 8 jours de conservation afin d’evaluer la limpidite des solutions, de mesurer l’evolution de la concentration en principe actif dans le temps et de rechercher d’eventuels produits de degradation. Les resultats obtenus montrent une bonne stabilite de l’etoposide a 50 et 200 mug/ml dans Ecoflac® quels que soient les conditions de conservation et le solvant de dilution utilise. Pendant les 8 jours de l’etude, les solutions restent limpides, la concentration en etoposide ne varie pas de plus de 5 % de la concentration initiale et aucun produit de degradation n’a ete observe. De plus, Ecoflac® presente l’avantage de n’entrainer aucun relargage de DEHP dans les solutions medicamenteuses.
Mitomycin C: Chemical and Biological Studies on Alkylation (1963)

The presence of an aziridine ring in mitomycin C suggests that the mechanism of action of the antibiotic is like that of the antitumor alkylating agents. However the compound is unexpectedly stable during aerobic incubation with rat liver homogenates although rapidly metabolized anaerobically. Mitomycin is not reactive with gamma-(4-nitrobenzyl) pyridine and reacts only slowly at acid p(H) with thiosulfate. It is proposed that mitomycin is activated in vivo, possibly by a reduction which "unmasks" the potential activity of the fused aziridine ring.