gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ray Tracing for Ocean Acoustic Tomography (1998)

Abstract : This report describes a new, flexible computer code in the FORTRAN computer language to make ray calculations for ocean acoustic tomography. The Numerical Recipes software package provided the basis for much of this computer code. The ray equations are reviewed, and ray equations that include the effects of ocean current are derived. Methods are derived for rapidly integrating those equations to obtain time front and eigenray information for long-range, deep-water acoustic transmissions. These methods include a look-up table for sound speed, sound speed gradient, second derivative of sound speed, and range-dependent information. Cubic spline methods are used to interpolate sound speed with depth and to obtain the derivatives of sound speed. The choice of the size increments used to integrate the equations is a critical aspect of the integration, affecting both the accuracy of the prediction and the speed of computation. A predetermined, user-specified size appears to allow more efficient calculations thanadaptive step methods. Adaptive step methods adjust the size automatically to maintain a given accuracy in the integration of the ray equations, while user-specified sizes allow one to use prior knowledge of the integration problem to achieve the desired accuracy with much less computational overhead. Several integration methods were explored, but the classical 4th order Runge-Kutta method appears to be the most efficient and best method for this integration problem. Appendices describe detailed aspects of the computer code, as well as the methods used for deriving eigenray information and for parallelizing the ray calculations. The computer code is designed to be unstable so that the user can easily modify it to his or her own purposes.
Do domestic firms benefit from foreign direct investment? Evidence from panel data (1994)

Many developing countries now actively solicit foreign investment, offering firms subsidies, tax holidays, and exemptions from import duties. One justification for subsidizing these firms is the so-called spillover of technology from foreign to domestic firms. Using panel data -- following more than 4, 000 Venezuelan firms from 1975 through 1989 -- The authors explore two aspects of the effect of foreign direct investment. First, they examine the relative performance to joint ventures and domestic firms. They find that increases in foreign equity participation are strongly correlated with increases in plant productivity. Second, they measure the impact of joint ventures and foreign subsidiaries on plants with no foreign investment. Facing fewer data limitations than in previous studies, they find that foreign investment negatively affects the productivity of domestically owned plants. These results suggest that whatever technology gains occur through foreign investment are captured entirely by joint ventures.
The Dispersion of Carbon Black in Rubber Part III. The Effect of Dispersion Quality on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Filled Natural Rubber (1992)

Abstract The Part I of this series described a rapid method for determining the quality of carbon-black dispersion. The second paper (Part II) was concerned with the kinetics of the dispersion of carbon black into natural rubber (dispersion quality as a function of mixing time) in an internal mixer. In this paper we consider the effects of changes in dispersion quality on the dynamic mechanical properties of both unvulcanized and vulcanized natural rubber. The effects of changes in the degree of carbon-black dispersion were measured by using a new prototype moving-die rheometer (which is presently being developed at Monsanto Instruments & Equipment Research Laboratory). By using this prototype rheometer, G ′ and G ″ were measured as functions of shear-strain amplitude, temperature, and frequency. Increases in the degree of carbon-black dispersion in uncured natural rubber (starting from very poor dispersion quality) give decreases in the values of both G ′ and G ″. The decrease in dynamic moduli with increases in the degree of carbon-black dispersion might be explained on the basis of a network of agglomerates which exists when the quality of dispersion is extremely poor. In the case of uncured samples, values of G ′, measured at low strains ( e.g. ±1%), become reduced after the imposition of a larger (±50%) sinusoidal shear strain for a short period of time ( e.g. 3 s). Then, with the passage of time, the reduced value of G ′ partially recovers. The extent of this recovery increases with increases in the dispersion rating DR . Similar results were obtained with respect to the loss modulus G ″. In both cases, the extent of recovery is much less when the carbon black is very poorly dispersed. The unrecoverable proportion of G ′ or G ″ is also considered to be due to a network composed of mutually interactive agglomerates of carbon black.
Shear testing and failure mode analysis for evaluation of BGA ball attachment (2003)

With increasing focus on BGA technology as a high performance package, there is an urgent need to develop industry-wide standards for package quality and reliability. A significant factor in BGA package quality is the robustness of solder ball attachment to the package. Currently, ball shear testing is used to assess solder joint integrity. The solder ball failure mechanism can not be determined from shear force data alone, but is critical to understanding solder joint quality. A failure mode analysis, along with a fundamental understanding of the shear test process, is needed to assess solder joint quality. A common pad finish on BGA packages and PWB substrates is Ni/Au, using either electrolytic or electroless deposition. There are reports of brittle fracture in BGA and PWB interconnects with both types of Ni/Au surface finishes. During post-assembly test and manufacturing, the solder to pad interconnection has been shown to separate under certain conditions. In this study, ball shear testing is performed in conjunction with thermal preconditioning to evaluate brittle fractures on a thermally enhanced BGA with electroless Ni/Au bond pads and on a plastic BGA with electrolytic Ni/Au bond pads. Cross sectioning and fractography reveal interfacial failure in both package types. However, metallography and SEM with EDX confirm two distinct interfacial failure mechanisms. The failure analysis is interpreted in terms of the implications for package quality and performance. Although this evaluation is performed on BGA packages, the failure analysis results are applicable to brittle fractures on PWBs using a Ni/Au surface finish.
Prognostic Significance of Positive Surgical Margins in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens (1995)

Prognosis was adversely affected by positive surgical margins only in moderately differentiated cancers with extracapsular extension alone. If the cancer is otherwise confined, positive surgical margins are associated with an excellent prognosis unlikely to be improved by adjuvant therapy.
A direct pathway for the conversion of propionate into pyruvate in <i>Moraxella lwoffi</i> (1968)

1. The identity of the organism previously known as Vibrio O1 (N.C.I.B. 8250) with a species of Moraxella is established. 2. The ability of cells to oxidize propionate is present only in cells with an endogenous respiration and this ability is increased 80-fold when the organism is grown with propionate. 3. Isocitrate lyase activity in extracts from propionate-grown cells is the same as that in extracts from lactate-grown cells, about tenfold greater than that in extracts from succinate-grown cells and slightly greater than half the activity in extracts from acetate-grown cells. 4. With arsenite as an inhibitor conditions were found in which the organism would catalyse the quantitative oxidation of propionate to pyruvate. When propionate was completely utilized pyruvate was metabolized further to 2-oxoglutarate. 5. The oxidation of propionate by cells was incomplete both in a ;closed system' with alkali to trap respiratory carbon dioxide and in an ;open system' with an atmosphere of oxygen+carbon dioxide (95:5). Acetate accumulated. Under these conditions [2-(14)C]- and [3-(14)C]-propionate gave rise to [(14)C]acetate. The rate of conversion of [2-(14)C]propionate into (14)CO(2), although much less than the rate of conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate into (14)CO(2), was slightly greater than the rate of conversion of [3-(14)C]propionate into (14)CO(2). 6. The oxidation of propionate by cells was complete in an ;open system' with an atmosphere of either oxygen or air. Under these conditions very little [1-(14)C]propionate was converted into (14)C-labelled cell material. The conversion of [2-(14)C]- and [3-(14)C]-propionate into (14)C-labelled cell material occurred at an appreciable rate, the rate for the incorporation of [3-(14)C]propionate being slightly more rapid. In the absence of a utilizable nitrogen source part of the [(14)C]propionate was incorporated into some reserve material, which was oxidized when added substrate had been completely utilized. 7. [(14)C]-Pyruvate produced from [(14)C]propionate was chemically degraded. The C((1)) of propionate was found only in C((1)) of pyruvate. At least 86% of C((2)) of pyruvate was derived from C((2)) of propionate and at least 92% of C((3)) of pyruvate from C((3)) of propionate. 8. These results are incompatible with the operation of any of the previously described pathways for propionate metabolism except the direct one, perhaps via an activated acrylate.
First Amendment Antitrust: The End of Laissez-Faire in Campaign Finance (1991)

Judging from the rhetoric of the dissenting Justices, the Supreme Court's decision in Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce, which upheld limits on corporate campaign speech, marked a revolution in First Amendment jurisprudence. Justice Kennedy branded the majority a "censor," and characterized the result as "the most severe restriction on political speech ever sanctioned by this Court. " Justice Scalia warned that by accepting the majority's rationale, "the First Amendment will ultimately be brought down. But dissenters' rhetoric, like campaign speech itself, must be taken with a grain of salt.
Preliminary pharmacological study of the pterocarpans macckian and trifolirhizin isolated from the roots of Ononis vaginalis. (2010)

Preliminary pharmacological study was conducted for the pterocarpans macckian (Mac) and trifolirhizin (Trif). The two compounds isolated from Ononis vaginalis were tested for their hepatoprotective effects against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Activity was accessed by measuring liver enzymes and NP-SH groups. Estrogenic activity was expressed as increase in uterine weight of young female rats. Rat paw edema as a model of acute inflammation induced in Wistar rats using carragenan was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Percentage inhibition of the aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to platelets-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from rats was used as measure for antiplatelet aggregation effect. The aglycone Mac was only more active than the glycoside Trif in the anti-inflammatory assay. It resulted in 65.7% reduction in carregeenan induced rat paw edema compares with 79.8% reduction by indomethacin at the same molar concentration. The activity of Trif was about half of that of silymarin in reducing the elevated levels of liver enzymes at the same molar concentration. About 10 fold molar concentration of Trif produced about half fold increase in uterine weight produced by 17beta-estradiol.
Self-assembly of nanoelectronic components and circuits using biological templates (1998)

A multistep self-assembly process is proposed for the preparation of nanometer-scale electronics. The process is based on the assembly of a DNA network that serves, in turn, as a template for the subsequent assembly of functional elements using different levels of molecular recognition ability. Inter-element connectivity and connection to the "macroscopic world" is achieved by instilling electrical functionality to the DNA network. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by the DNA-templated self-assembly of a 12 μm long, ca. 1000 Å wide, conductive silver wire connecting two macroscopic electrodes.
Responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas por delitos relacionados con el mercado de valores (2017)

espanolEl nuevo regimen de sancion de las personas juridicas en el ordenamiento penal espanol plantea cuestiones tanto desde el punto de vista de la oportunidad de su castigo en el ambito penal en lugar del administrativo, como por la regulacion adoptada por el legislador de 2015. Las dudas de legitimacion se acompanan de cuestiones interpretativas dificiles de resolver, sobre todo si atendemos a la falta de jurisprudencia en una materia que incrementa su complejidad cuando se trata de analizar los delitos que se producen en el ambito del mercado de valores, donde la especial proteccion que merece el consumidor no necesariamente quedara mejor cubierta con el instrumento punitivo. EnglishThe new system of punishment for legal entity in the Spanish criminal law system, raises questions from two point of view. Primarily the opportunity to punish a criminal rather than the administrative aspects, and secondly the regulation adopted by the legislator of 2015. Doubts of legitimacy are accompanied by interpretative questions that are difficult to resolve, especially if we consider the lack of jurisprudence in a matter that increases its complexity when it comes to analyzing crimes that occur in the financial market, where the special protection the consumer will not necessarily be better covered with the punitive instrument.
Whitefly Control in Arizona Vegetables: Development of a Resistance Management Program for Imidacloprid (Admire®) (1996)

In 1995 we initiated a resistance management program aimed at sustaining the efficacy of Admire®. This paper delineates the groundwork for the program, and describes methodological and conceptual advances toward our goal. Bioassay methods developed for adult whitefly consisted of a 1 day hydroponic uptake procedure using cotton seedlings. A reliable mortality criterion was also established. Results from a statewide survey suggested slight geographic variation in whitefly susceptibility to Admire®. Future studies will 1) continue to monitor susceptibility throughout Arizona, 2) evaluate the risk of resistance to whitefly populations in commercial greenhouses, and relate this to field populations, and 3) characterize the development of resistance in relation to cropping systems and spatial dynamics of whitefly. The overall objective of these investigations is to determine if a sustainable use strategy can be identified for Admire®.
Is Holistic Care Possible in the "Real Life" Clinical Setting? (1988)

It is difficult to integrate a holistic perspective into the care which women receive in agencies such as prenatal clinics and family planning centers. Factors which mitigate against holism in these settings, the only source of health care for many women, include the separation of reproductive from comprehensive care, the categorical funding of services and the time pressure which rewards caring for more patients more quickly. At the same time there is growing evidence of the value of a holistic perspective to care. Using lifestyle assessments and developing an intervention strategy which includes the use of patient contracts can serve to integrate factors such as nutrition, stress management and exercise to form a broader perspective to care.
Lossless Image Compression with IDP and Adaptive RLC. (2004)

The renal proximal tubule exhibits a very extensive apical endocytic apparatus consisting of an elaborate network of coated pits and small coated and noncoated endosomes. In addition, the cells contain a large number of late endosomes/prelysosomes, lysosomes, and so-called dense apical tubules involved in receptor recycling from the endosomes to the apical plasma membrane. This endocytic apparatus is involved in the reabsorption of molecules filtered in the glomeruli. The process is very effective as demonstrated by the fact that although several grams of protein are filtered daily in the human glomeruli, human urine is virtually devoid of proteins under physiological conditions. Several key receptors appear to be involved in this function, which serves not only to conserve protein as such for the organism but also to reabsorb vital substances such as different vitamins in complex with their binding proteins. Recent research has established megalin, a 600-kDa protein belonging to the LDL receptor family, as probably the most important receptor in this process in the proximal tubule mediating endocytosis of a large variety of ligands and therefore classifying it as a scavenger receptor. More specific receptors like the folate receptor, IGF-II/Man-6-P receptor, and gp280/IFR, identical to the intrinsic factor receptor, are also functioning in the apical endocytic pathway of renal proximal tubules. A better understanding of these receptors will give us new insight into these very important processes for the organism.
Zinc oxide nanostructures: epitaxially growing from hexagonal zinc nanostructures (2008)

The epitaxial growth of ZnO nanosheets and nanoneedles from a Zn/ZnO core/shell structure is verified by an experiment in which the ZnO nanoneedles and nanosheets are synthesized in air within an ultra-low temperature range from 250 to 400 °C by thermal oxidation of Zn films made up of hexagonal nanodiscs or nanoprisms. The hexagonal Zn structures are oxidized to form a Zn/ZnO core/shell structure with an epitaxial relationship; ZnO nanoneedles and nanosheets are found to grow epitaxially from the ZnO shell, along sixfold symmetric [Formula: see text] directions, showing the same lattice orientation as the Zn core. The stability difference among different facets of hexagonal Zn crystal structures plays a key role in the formation of ZnO nanosheets, nanoneedles and the Zn/ZnO core/shell structure, as well as ZnO hollow structures. A vapor-solid mechanism is suggested to explain the epitaxial growth process of the ZnO products. Photoluminescence properties of the ZnO nanostructures are also explored.
Non-invasive diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease (2014)

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most common liver disease in the Western world. For many reasons, it is underestimated and underdiagnosed. An early diagnosis is absolutely essential since it (1) helps to identify patients at genetic risk for ALD; (2) can trigger efficient abstinence namely in non-addicted patients; and (3) initiate screening programs to prevent life-threatening complications such as bleeding from varices, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or hepatocellular cancer. The two major end points of ALD are alcoholic liver cirrhosis and the rare and clinically-defined alcoholic hepatitis (AH). The prediction and early diagnosis of both entities is still insufficiently solved and usually relies on a combination of laboratory, clinical and imaging findings. It is not widely conceived that conventional screening tools for ALD such as ultrasound imaging or routine laboratory testing can easily overlook ca. 40% of manifest alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Non-invasive methods such as transient elastography (Fibroscan), acoustic radiation force impulse imaging or shear wave elastography have significantly improved the early diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis. Present algorithms allow either the exclusion or the exact definition of advanced fibrosis stages in ca. 95% of patients. The correct interpretation of liver stiffness requires a timely abdominal ultrasound and actual transaminase levels. Other non-invasive methods such as controlled attenuation parameter, serum levels of M30 or M65, susceptometry or breath tests are under current evaluation to assess the degree of steatosis, apoptosis and iron overload in these patients. Liver biopsy still remains an important option to rule out comorbidities and to confirm the prognosis namely for patients with AH.
Space Requirement Checklist for Basic Resources Update - 1985 (1986)

No abstract available for this article.
Novus Initium: A Reintroduction to New Directions in Folklore (2010)

Numerous respected folklore
Online Traffic Prediction in the Cloud: A Dynamic Window Approach (2014)

Traffic prediction is a fundamental tool that captures the inherent behavior of a network and can be used for monitoring and managing network traffic. Online traffic prediction is usually performed based on large historical data used in training algorithms. This may not be suitable to highly volatile environments, such as cloud computing, where the coupling between observations decreases quickly with time. We propose a dynamic window size approach for traffic prediction that can be incorporated with different traffic predictions mechanisms, making them suitable to online traffic prediction by adapting the amount of traffic that must be analyzed in accordance to the variability of data traffic. The evaluation of the proposed solution is performed for several prediction mechanisms by assessing the Normalized Mean Square Error and Mean Absolute Percent Error of predicted values over observed values from a real cloud computing data set, collected by monitoring the utilization of Dropbox.
A Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Determination of Bromine Using Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (1999)

A simple spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of bromine is described. The sample containing bromine is first incubated with an excess of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP). One molecule of TCEP is rapidly and irreversibly oxidized to TCEPO (TCEP oxide) by one molecule of bromine. The concentration of residual TCEP is then measured as 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate produced by reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). This method has a lower detection limit and is more convenient than the standard procedure of bromine assay by reaction with potassium iodide followed by titration of the liberated iodine with thiosulfate.
Calculation of confinement factors for multiple-quantum-well optical amplifiers by the effective-index model (2000)

The effective-index model is examined for the calculation of the confinement factors of the TE and TM modes of a multiple-quantum-well (MQW) waveguide amplifier. When the confinement factors for the barrier and well layers of the MQW structure are calculated separately, the effective-index model, when applied to the TM mode, must be corrected with the actual refractive indexes of the corresponding layers. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated with a design of a polarization-insensitive MQW optical amplifier. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 25: 275–278, 2000.
Polyphonic piano note transcription with recurrent neural networks (2012)

In this paper a new approach for polyphonic piano note onset transcription is presented. It is based on a recurrent neural network to simultaneously detect the onsets and the pitches of the notes from spectral features. Long Short-Term Memory units are used in a bidirectional neural network to model the context of the notes. The use of a single regression output layer instead of the often used one-versus-all classification approach enables the system to significantly lower the number of erroneous note detections. Evaluation is based on common test sets and shows exceptional temporal precision combined with a significant boost in note transcription performance compared to current state-of-the-art approaches. The system is trained jointly with various synthesized piano instruments and real piano recordings and thus generalizes much better than existing systems.