gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Random and coherent noise attenuation by empirical mode decomposition (2009)

Abstract We have devised a new filtering technique for random and coherent noise attenuation in seismic data by applying empirical mode decomposition (EMD) on constant-frequency slices in the frequency-offset (f-x) domain and removing the first intrinsic mode function. The motivation behind this development is to overcome the potential low performance of f-x deconvolution for signal-to-noise enhancement when processing highly complex geologic sections, data acquired using irregular trace spacing, and/or data contaminated with steeply dipping coherent noise. The resulting f-x EMD method is equivalent to an autoadaptive f-k filter with a frequency-dependent, high-wavenumber cut filtering property. Removing both random and steeply dipping coherent noise in either prestack or stacked/migrated sections is useful and compares well with other noise-reduction methods, such as f-x deconvolution, median filtering, and local singular value decomposition. In its simplest implementation, f-x EMD is parameter-free and can be applied to entire data sets without user interaction.
Caspase activation and changes in Bcl-2 family member protein expression associated with E2F-1-mediated apoptosis in human esophageal cancer cells. (2000)

The prognosis for patients with esophageal cancer remains poor, prompting the search for new treatment strategies. Overexpression of E2F-1 has been shown to induce apoptosis in several cancer cell types. In the present study, the effect of adenovirus-mediated E2F-1 overexpression on human esophageal cancer cell lines Yes-4 and Yes-6 was evaluated. Cells were treated by mock infection, infection with an adenoviral vector expressing beta-galactosidase (Ad5CMV-LacZ), or E2F-1 (Ad5CMVE2F-1). Western blot analysis confirmed marked overexpression of E2F-1 in Ad5CMVE2F-1-infected cells. Overexpression of E2F-1 resulted in marked growth inhibition and rapid loss of cell viability due to apoptosis, although Yes-6 cells were somewhat more resistant to E2F-1-mediated growth inhibition than Yes-4 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that overexpression of E2F-1 led to G2 arrest, followed by apoptotic cell death. p53 expression remained undetectable in both cell lines after E2F-1 overexpression. The apoptosis inhibitor proteins of the Bcl-2 gene family, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and BcI-XL, decreased at 48 h after infection in Yes-4 cells, but remained unchanged in Yes-6 cells. Levels of retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) declined at 48 h after E2F-1 infection in Yes-4 cells, at which apoptosis predominated, whereas pRb expression remained constant in Yes-6 cells. Expression of p14ARF did not change after E2F-1 infection in either cell line. Involvement of caspase 3 and caspase 6 in E2F-1-mediated apoptosis was demonstrated by cleavage of caspase 3/CPP32 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, as well as fragmentation of the caspase 6 substrate, lamin B. These results indicate that the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to E2F-1-mediated apoptosis may be related to differential expression of Bcl-2 family member proteins and suggest that the adenovirus-mediated E2F-1 gene therapy may be a promising treatment strategy for the treatment of this disease.
Nanostructured, Self-Assembling Peptide K5 Blocks TNF-<i>α</i>and PGE<sub>2</sub>Production by Suppression of the AP-1/p38 Pathway (2012)

Nanostructured, self-assembling peptides hold promise for a variety of regenerative medical applications such as 3D cell culture systems, accelerated wound healing, and nerve repair. The aim of this study was to determine whether the self-assembling peptide K5 can be applied as a carrier of anti-inflammatory drugs. First, we examined whether the K5 self-assembling peptide itself can modulate various cellular inflammatory responses. We found that peptide K5 significantly suppressed the release of tumor-necrosis-factor- (TNF-) α and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) from RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Similarly, there was inhibition of cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 mRNA expression assessed by real-time PCR, indicating that the inhibition is at the transcriptional level. In agreement with this finding, peptide K5 suppressed the translocation of the transcription factors activator protein (AP-1) and c-Jun and inhibited upstream inflammatory effectors including mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3/6 (MKK 3/6). Whether this peptide exerts its effects via a transmembrane or cytoplasmic receptor is not clear. However, our data strongly suggest that the nanostructured, self-assembling peptide K5 may possess significant anti-inflammatory activity via suppression of the p38/AP-1 pathway.
Anisotropic Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations and Their Applications (2005)

In this paper, we introduce a novel definition of the anisotropic centroidal Voronoi tessellation (ACVT) corresponding to a given Riemann metric tensor. A directional distance function is used in the definition to simplify the computation. We provide algorithms to approximate the ACVT using the Lloyd iteration and the construction of anisotropic Delaunay triangulation under the given Riemannian metric. The ACVT is applied to the optimization of two-dimensional anisotropic Delaunay triangulation, to the generation of surface CVT, and high-quality triangular mesh on general surfaces. Various numerical examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method are presented.
Molecular Simulation of CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> Competitive Adsorption on Shale Kerogen for CO<sub>2</sub> Sequestration and Enhanced Gas Recovery (2018)

The adsorption behavior and underlying mechanism of CO2 and CH4 binary mixture in shale kerogen significantly affect the CO2 sequestration with enhanced gas recovery project (CS-EGR). In this study, we investigated the competitive adsorption behaviors of CO2 and CH4 in shale kerogen nanopores using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method. Kerogen model takes into effect of matrix and slit nanopores and moisture content based on Ungerer’s molecular model and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, and is successfully validated against experimental data. The effects of temperature, CO2 and CH4 distribution, moisture content, adsorption selectivity, and optimal formation for injection were discussed. The results show that adsorption amount of CH4 on the kerogen increases with increasing pressure and decreases with increasing temperature. The adsorption selectivity of CO2 over CH4 is 2.53–7.25, which indicates that CO2 is preferentially adsorbed over CH4 under different temperatures. H2O prefers to adsorb inside the kerogen matrix and decrease the volumes of matrix pores with increasing moisture content and even divide some of them into ineffective pores. Compared with the kerogen matrix, H2O molecules have a slight effect on CO2 and CH4 adsorption capacity on the slit surface. Moist content has a negative effect on the desorption amount of CH4. The optimal injection formation for the CS-EGR project is in the shallow stratum. The study will reveal the micromechanism of competitive adsorption of CO2 and CH4 on kerogen and provide some theoretical support for the CS-EGR project.
Crash test device development; Repeatable Pete. Final report (1973)

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, Inc., Detroit, Mich.
Approximating rail locomotive dynamics using the SOCM network (2003)

We demonstrate the self-organising continuous map (SOCM), a novel use for the self-organising map/learning vector quantisation network that widens the scope of the SOM architecture. We use the SOM/LVQ network as a distribution service, apportioning an equal quantity of work to a number of intelligent nodes. Advantages include improved accuracy, effective and balanced multi-processing for small cluster systems, and potentially large reductions in training and recall times. The example problem chosen uses neural networks to model force dynamics of a coal train. The SOCM configuration used consists of a SOM network where each node is a backpropagation (BP) network. We show that the collection of as few as two BP networks gives at least a 30% reduction in approximation error when compared to the original BP network. We discuss how the SOCM approach could be used in other areas of artificial intelligence, including evolutionary systems, parallel processing, error balancing, hybrid networks, and online training.
Modelling of the Behaviour of Solar Cell Under High Injection Effect Conditions (2012)

An I-V characteristic measurements of silicon solar cell were carried out, the result showed a saturation of open circuit voltage Voc when sunlight concentration reaches 7 suns in our case, which imposed a limitation on the solar cell's efficiency. For understanding the carrier's transport mechanisms in the cell, a simulation of solar cell behaviour under sunlight concentrating –up to 25 suns-has been carried out. The minority carrier concentration profiles in the silicon solar cell's base were represented, by solving the continuity equation via suggesting a mathematical sample. The results enable us to disputes high injection effect at which tacks place when a high concentration of minority carrier -comparable to majority carriers-is appeared in thin area beside the depletion region.
Nonlinear EMI simulation of an AM detector at the system level (2000)

A nonlinear detector simulation technique that can be used together with the discrete technique for a rapid radio receiver electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic interference (EMC/EMI) simulation up to the baseband signal processing path at the system level is proposed. The technique presented allows one to simulate an amplitude modulation (AM) detector in the large signal mode as well as in the small signal mode by taking into account the nonlinearity of the detector transfer characteristic. The technique was validated by making comparisons with measurements and PSPICE simulation data.
Maintenance of geometric alterations associated with percutaneous mitral valve repair: real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment in an ovine model. (2008)

RT3DE demonstrates that PTMA reduces the MA area and A-P diameter and maintains the physiologic curved or saddle shape of the MA. These changes remained stable for 20 weeks after device implantation.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Silylation of Ethylene by Disilanes (2000)

The bis(dihydrogen) ruthenium complex RuH2(H2)2(PCy3)2 (1) and the ethylene complex RuΗ(C2Η4)[P(η3-C6H8)Cy2](PCy3) (2), obtained by addition of ethylene to 1, catalyze efficiently the silylation of ethylene with HSiMe2SiMe2H (I) and with the series of disilanes HSiMe2(CH2)nSiMe2H (n = 2, II; n = 3, III; n = 4, IV). Reaction of I with ethylene produces the monosilanes (CH2CH)SiMe2(CH2CH3) (I.b) and (CH3CH2)SiMe2(CH2CH3) (I.c) resulting from the cleavage of the Si−Si bond and the functionalization of the Si−H bonds. For II−IV, three processes, hydrosilylation, dehydrogenative silylation, and cyclization, are in competition, leading to the formation of acyclic monofunctionalized intermediates HSiMe2(CH2)nSiMe2(CHCH2) (II.f−IV.f) and HSiMe2(CH2)nSiMe2(CH2CH3) (II.g−IV.g), acyclic difunctionalized compounds (CH2CH)SiMe2(CH2)nSiMe2(CHCH2) (II.a−IV.a), (CH2CH)SiMe2(CH2)nSiMe2(CH2CH3) (II.b−IV.b), and (CH2CH3)SiMe2(CH2)nSiMe2(CH2CH3) (II.c−IV.c), together with cyclic products [(SiMe2)(CH2)3(SiMe2)](CHCH2) (II.d−IV.d) and [(SiMe2)(CH2)3(SiMe2)](CH2CH3) (II.e−IV.e). Kinetic studies reveal a consecutive reaction path for the formation of acyclic difunctionalized compounds via the monofunctionalized intermediates. Saturated and unsaturated cyclic products form concurrently to monofunctionalized disilanes. The rates and the selectivity of the reactions are dramatically influenced by the chain length between the two silicon atoms, the fastest conversion and the highest concentration of vinyl products being observed in the case of a long chain. In contrast, formation of cyclic compounds is favored for n = 2 or 3. Mechanistic studies show that different complexes are obtained, depending on the order of addition of ethylene and disilane. In the presence of the disilane II, 2 converts into a mixture of RuH2{(η2-HSiMe2)2(CH2)2}(PCy3)2 (3a) and RuH2(SiMe2(CH2)2SiMe2H){P(η3-C6H8)Cy2}(PCy3) (6). In contrast, in the presence of ethylene, RuH2{(η2-HSiMe2)2(CH2)n}(PCy3)2 (n = 2, 3a; n = 3, 3b), leads to the formation of a new ethylene complex RuH2(C2H4)2(PCy3)2 (4). Compound 4 is ultimately converted to 2 after total consumption of the liberated disilane. All these complexes are involved in the catalytic processes.
Indirect Holographic Techniques for Determining Antenna Radiation Characteristics and Imaging Aperture Fields (2007)

Indirect holographic techniques offer the potential of using simple and inexpensive near-field intensity-pattern measurements for the determination of the radiation characteristics of microwave antennas, and for the reconstruction of complex aperture fields. This work describes a practical method of applying indirect holographic techniques to microwave antennas. It describes how a technique originally developed at optical frequencies can be adapted to enable measurements to be taken on microwave antennas. The major difference is the replacement of a radiated reference signal by an electronically generated reference signal. This has enabled previous practical limitations to be overcome. Computer simulations and practical results are included for a large dish antenna at a sample spacing similar to those employed in direct holographic techniques. This work also describes how reducing the sample spacing significantly below a half wavelength enables the radiation characteristics of smaller antennas to be determined
Machine learning-based defense against process-aware attacks on Industrial Control Systems (2016)

The modernization of Industrial Control Systems (ICS), primarily targeting increased efficiency and controllability through integration of Information Technologies (IT), introduced the unwanted side effect of extending the ICS cyber-security threat landscape. ICS are facing new security challenges and are exposed to the same vulnerabilities that plague IT, as demonstrated by the increasing number of incidents targeting ICS. Due to the criticality and unique nature of these systems, it is important to devise novel defense mechanisms that incorporate knowledge of the underlying physical model, and can detect attacks in early phases. To this end, we study a benchmark chemical process, and enumerate the various categories of attack vectors and their practical applicability on hardware controllers in a Hardware-In-The-Loop testbed. Leveraging the observed implications of the categorized attacks on the process, as well as the profile of typical disturbances, we follow a data-driven approach to detect anomalies that are early indicators of malicious activity.
STAT6 Mediates Interleukin-4 Growth Inhibition in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2002)

In addition to acting as a hematopoietic growth factor, interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibits growth of some transformed cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we show that insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) are phosphorylated following IL-4 treatment in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. STAT6 DNA binding is enhanced by IL-4 treatment. STAT6 activation occurs even after IRS-1 depletion, suggesting the two pathways are independent. To examine the role of STAT6 in IL-4-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis, a full-length STAT6 cDNA was transfected into MCF-7 cells. Transient overexpression of STAT6 resulted in both cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of the protein, increased DNA binding in response to IL-4, and increased transactivation of an IL-4 responsive promoter. In STAT6-transfected cells, basal proliferation was reduced whereas apoptosis was increased. Finally, stable expression of STAT6 resulted in reduced foci formation compared to vector-transfected cells alone. These results suggest STAT6 is required for IL-4-mediated growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
Preparation and reactions of decachloroferrocene ad decachlororuthenocene (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and reactions of decachloroferrocene ad decachlororuthenoceneFrederick L. Hedberg and Harold. RosenbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 3, 870–875Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00784a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00784a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views404Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Review of pricing models for grid &amp; cloud computing (2011)

Distributed system resources have become prevalent in ICT departments to lessen the burden of huge expenses incurred by very expensive storage computer systems. Add to this the continuous introduction and ever-growing evolution of simple to complex applications, the demand to access huge quantities of data, intensive computations, powerful simulations, maintaining and offering system resources and middleware infrastructure services the need to do all of this at an affordable and reasonable price is crucial. Distributed grid and cloud computing resources are currently considered to be one of the best technology options to provide this. They have many similar features and functions, and both of them are classed as distributed systems. They are capable of offering unaffordable resources and services at a reasonable price in a mass marketplace. The big question is: what is a reasonable price? How is pricing modeled and on what kind of economic principles is it based? Much of the issues surrounding these questions are very complex in themselves. This paper provides a comparative review of grid and cloud computing economic and pricing models from which appropriate tariffs and charging models can be chosen to meet particular business objectives. The actual choice depends on many other factors like enterprise regulations, tax laws, service level agreements and return on investments, are very important but outside the scope of this paper. In this paper we give the basic core principles and a comparative review of the latest and most appropriate economic and pricing models applicable to grid and cloud computing in order to propose better models for the future.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Let the Virus Be Its Own Demise (2020)

There has been a collaborative global effort to construct novel therapeutic and prophylactic approaches to SARS-CoV-2 management. Although vaccine development is crucial, acute management of newly infected patients, especially those with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, is a priority. Herein we describe the rationale and potential of repurposing a dual plasmid, Vigil (pbi-shRNA(furin)-GM-CSF), now in Phase III cancer trials, for the treatment of and, in certain circumstances, enhancement of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
TCR-like antibodies in cancer immunotherapy (2019)

Cancer immunotherapy has been regarded as the most significant scientific breakthrough of 2013, and antibody therapy is at the core of this breakthrough. Despite significant success achieved in recent years, it is still difficult to target intracellular antigens of tumor cells with traditional antibodies, and novel therapeutic strategies are needed. T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibodies comprise a novel family of antibodies that can recognize peptide/MHC complexes on tumor cell surfaces. TCR-like antibodies can execute specific and significant anti-tumor immunity through several distinct molecular mechanisms, and the success of this type of antibody therapy in melanoma, leukemia, and breast, colon, and prostate tumor models has excited researchers in the immunotherapy field. Here, we summarize the generation strategy, function, and molecular mechanisms of TCR-like antibodies described in publications, focusing on the most significant discoveries.
Hematological changes in human beings exposed to fallout radiation (1955)

All individuals exposed to fallout radiation showed depression of the total white, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, more marked in the higher exposure groups. The total white count was consistently lowest during the 6th and 7th post-exposure weeks, followed by an upward trend. Six months after exposure, values for the highest exposure group had not returned to the levels of a control population comparable with respect to age and sex distribution.
Influence to the electrical and mechanical sub system due to inverter control processes on a power train of electric vehicles (2011)

As electrical energy depicts itself as a future-orientated strategy for drives used in passenger cars, it is necessary to consider the conditioning of electrical energy to be used for electrical machines. The high frequent influence to the whole power train is evaluated with a view to the electrical and mechanical components. This influence is determined in reference to a comparison between a symmetric pulse wide modulation and a stator orientated hysteretic control (bang-bang-control). As electrical drives for electric vehicles need to have a wide speed range and likewise be robust the chosen control processes are checked out by using a permanent magnetic synchronous machine (PMSM) [1, 2, 3, 4]. This also offers the opportunity of a gearless drive which by the way offers a big advantage in comparison to combustion engines. For best comparison settings the energy source is realized by an ideal voltage source. To connect these components there is an inverter which builds up three-phases and likewise a rectifier in the opposed direction with a set of IGBTs and integrated antiparallel diodes. The command signal is set by the same conditions as in an traditional car by the torque demand of the acceleration pedal.
Characterization by automated DNA sequencing of mutations in the gene (rpoB) encoding the RNA polymerase beta subunit in rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from New York City and Texas (1994)

Automated DNA sequencing was used to characterize mutations associated with rifampin resistance in a 69-bp region of the gene, rpoB, encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The data confirmed that greater than 90% of rifampin-resistant strains have sequence alterations in this region and showed that most are missense mutations. The analysis also identified several mutant rpoB alleles not previously associated with resistant organisms and one short region of rpoB that had an unusually high frequency of insertions and deletions. Although many strains with an identical IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern have the same variant rpoB allele, some do not, a result that suggests the occurrence of evolutionary divergence at the clone level.