gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid State and Solution Structures of 9-Vertex Arachno Boron Hydride Clusters. An ab Initio/IGLO/NMR Study (1999)

The ab initio/IGLO/NMR method clarifies the structures of several 9-vertex boron hydride clusters by comparing computed chemical shifts using various geometries with NMR data in solution. The experimental coordinates of n-B9H15 give an energy 110 kcal mol-1 above the fully optimized ab initio geometry. The experimental boron positions were shown to be accurate, but not the hydrogen placements. n-B9H15, which has a 7-vertex open face binding five bridge hydrogens and one endo terminal H, is 2.2 kcal mol-1 lower in energy than the isomer, i-B9H15. i-B9H15 has a C3v symmetric structure in solution with six asymmetric hydrogen bridges on the open B6 face of the 9-vertex arachno cluster. In contrast to the Cs structure reported for the solid state, [B9H14]- is shown to have a fluctional C1 structure in solution with an additional hydrogen bridge. However, the Cs and C1 geometries are very similar and the barriers for endo hydrogen rearrangements are 2.4 kcal mol-1 or less. B9H13·NCCH3 favors C1 symmetry in solution in contrast to the reported Cs solid-state structure which has one fewer hydrogen bridge. In contrast to the experimental solid-state structures, in solution B9H13·NCCH3 and [B9H14]- are isostructural. A solid-state model for [B9H13]2- based on the presence of only three instead of five possible structures is proposed. These three structures may also coexist in a fluctuating mixture in solution.
Luminescent hydroxylapatite nanoparticles by surface functionalization (2006)

Hydroxylapatite (HA) nanoparticles were functionalized by depositing rare-earth-doped Y2O3 nanoparticles on the surface, and the structural evolutions of both HA and Y2O3 phases at different annealing temperatures were investigated by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Laser spectroscopy indicated that the surface functionalized HA nanoparticles exhibited strong visible emissions. No visible emissions were observed from rare-earth-doped Y2O3 without any substrate, suggesting a doping-induced environmental change of optically active rare-earth elements in the functionalized HA nanoparticles. The luminescent hydroxylapatite nanoparticles may find important applications as a biodegradable substrate for biomarking and drug delivery.
Determination of the most effective concentration and quantity of Advion™, as well as the most effective placement of the bait for individual Solenopsis invicta mound treatments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (2006)

Advion™, which contains the active ingredient indoxacarb, is a new bait developed for the control of the red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren. As with many RIFA baits, Advion™ can be applied either as a broadcast treatment or an individual mound treatment. The objective of this research was to determine the most appropriate specifications for individual RIFA mound treatments with Advion™, in an attempt to ensure maximum overall speed and level of control. Two field experiments were conducted to achieve this objective. The first experiment was conducted to determine the most effective concentration and quantity of Advion™ for individual RIFA mound treatments, and included three concentrations (0.045%, 0.016%, and 0.008%) and four quantities (5,10,15, and 20 g) of Advion™. For the second experiment, which was conducted to determine the most appropriate placement of Advion™ for individual RIFA mound treatments, Advion™ was placed at four different distances (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 m) from the mound. The results of these experiments indicated that 10g (2 Tbsp) of 0.045% Advion™ placed around the mound in a circle with any radius between 0.5 and 3.0 m was the most effective manner in which to treat individual RIFA mounds.
Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles as Carriers for Nucleus-Based Gene Therapy Due to Size-Dependent Nuclear Entry (2014)

The aim of this study was to determine the size-dependent penetration ability of gold nanoparticles and the potential application of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles for intranucleus delivery and therapy. We synthesized gold nanoparticles with diameters of 2, 6, 10, and 16 nm and compared their intracellular distribution in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm (2 and 6 nm) could enter the nucleus, whereas larger ones (10 and 16 nm) were found only in the cytoplasm. We then investigated the possibility of using ultrasmall 2 nm nanoparticles as carriers for nuclear delivery of a triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) that binds to the c-myc promoter. Compared to free TFO, the nanoparticle-conjugated TFO was more effective at reducing c-myc RNA and c-myc protein, which resulted in reduced cell viability. Our result demonstrated that the entry of gold nanoparticles into the cell nucleus is critically dependent on the size of the nanoparticles. We developed a strategy for regulating gene expression, by directly delivering TFOs into the nucleus using ultrasmall gold nanoparticles. More importantly, guidelines were provided to choose appropriate nanocarriers for different biomedical purposes.
UHF near-field tags design based on split ring resonator (2011)

In this paper, two compact tags that using split ring resonator (SRR) structure are proposed for ultra high frequency (UHF) near-field radio frequency identification (RFID) application. The read ranges in water environment that measured by a near-field reader with a −20 dB far gain are 50cm long. The bandwidths are 13 MHz (859 MHz 872 MHz), which cover the Europe standard, and agree well with the simulated results. In addition, the tags have low far-field gain less than −4dBi.
Design of Brønsted Acid-Assisted Chiral Lewis Acid (BLA) Catalysts for Highly Enantioselective Diels−Alder Reactions (1998)

Brønsted acid-assisted chiral Lewis acid (BLA) was highly effective as a chiral catalyst for the enantioselective Diels−Alder reaction of both α-substituted and α-unsubstituted α,β-enals with various dienes. Hydroxy groups in optically active binaphthol derivatives and boron reagents with electron-withdrawing substituents were used as Brønsted acids and Lewis acids, respectively. Intramolecular Brønsted acids in a chiral BLA catalyst played an important role in accelerating the rate of Diels−Alder reactions and in producing a high level of enantioselectivity. In particular, excellent enantioselectivity was achieved due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction and attractive π−π donor−acceptor interaction in the transition-state assembly by hydroxy aromatic groups in a chiral BLA catalyst.
Recent Progress of SiGe Heterostructure Technologies for Novel Devices (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Pathophysiological alterations in the central nervous system due to trauma. (1993)

Neurotrauma is the largest cause of death and severe disability in young adults. In this review, the pathophysiological processes which damage the brain and spinal cord, both acutely, and hours to days after injury, are discussed. Secondary, delayed damage is the major cause of bad outcome in at least 40% of patients, with severe head injury. Diffuse damage to axons, hypoxic-ischaemic damage to neurons and astrocytes, contusions, intracranial haematomas, and brain swelling are discussed. The prospect for improving outcome by pharmacological therapy, and the current status of head injury trials are presented.
The<i>medial</i>-Golgi Ion Pump Pmr1 Supplies the Yeast Secretory Pathway with Ca<sup>2+</sup>and Mn<sup>2+</sup>Required for Glycosylation, Sorting, and Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Protein Degradation (1998)

The yeast Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase Pmr1, located in medial-Golgi, has been implicated in intracellular transport of Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions. We show here that addition of Mn2+ greatly alleviates defects of pmr1 mutants in N-linked and O-linked protein glycosylation. In contrast, accurate sorting of carboxypeptidase Y (CpY) to the vacuole requires a sufficient supply of intralumenal Ca2+. Most remarkably, pmr1 mutants are also unable to degrade CpY*, a misfolded soluble endoplasmic reticulum protein, and display phenotypes similar to mutants defective in the stress response to malfolded endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Growth inhibition of pmr1 mutants on Ca2+-deficient media is overcome by expression of other Ca2+ pumps, including a SERCA-type Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase from rabbit, or by Vps10, a sorting receptor guiding non-native luminal proteins to the vacuole. Our analysis corroborates the dual function of Pmr1 in Ca2+ and Mn2+ transport and establishes a novel role of this secretory pathway pump in endoplasmic reticulum-associated processes.
Fundamental studies of a gas-jet-enhanced sputtering system for atomic spectroscopy (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFundamental studies of a gas-jet-enhanced sputtering system for atomic spectroscopyHyo J. Kim and Edward H. PiepmeierCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 19, 2040–2046Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00170a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00170a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimization of Interface Properties in a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells (2006)

We report on the optimization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (a-Si:H/c-Si) heterojunction solar cells which were completely processed at temperatures below 230degC. Efficient solar cells based on both n-type and on p-type c-Si substrates were performed. In contrast to the approach from Sanyo no additional a-Si:H(i) buffer layer was used. Instead the conditions of the amorphous silicon preparation by conventional plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were optimized and several wet- or plasma chemical treatments were applied to improve the interface properties. The highest efficiencies so far are 17.4 % on p-type c-Si wafers and 19.8 % on n-type c-Si wafers
High-Throughput Identification of Clinical Pathogenic Fungi by Hybridization to an Oligonucleotide Microarray (2006)

Here we report the development of an oligonucleotide microarray method that can identify fungal pathogens in a single reaction. Specific oligonucleotide probes targeted to internal transcribed spacer 2 were designed and synthesized. Fungal DNA was amplified by universal primers, and the PCR product was hybridized with the oligonucleotide microarray. A series of specific hybridization profiles corresponding to species were obtained. The 122 strains of fungal pathogens, including standard and clinically isolated strains, used to test the specificity, stability, and sensitivity of the microarray system belonged to 20 species representing 8 genera. We found that the microarray system can successfully discriminate among the fungal pathogens to the species level, with high specificity and stability. The sensitivity was 15 pg/ml of DNA. This oligonucleotide microarray system represents a rapid, simple, and reliable alternative to conventional methods of identifying common clinical fungal isolates.
The Essential Features of a Human Development Strategy (1994)

Human development is the ultimate objective of economic development. It is also a means — we shall argue, the best means available — for promoting development. Viewed as an end in itself rather than a means, human development is about enriching human lives. Material enrichment — producing a larger volume of goods and services — may contribute to this but it is not the same thing. Indeed it is by now widely understood that there is no one-to-one correspondence between material enrichment (measured, say, by gross national product per head) and the enrichment of human lives (measured, say, by the human development index). The human development approach thus implies the dethronement of national product as the primary indicator of the level of development.
Effectiveness of multiple-pair buffer layer to improve the GaN layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1999)

High-quality GaN epitaxial layers with a multiple-pair buffer layer have been grown on sapphire substrates in a separate-flow reactor by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Each pair of buffer layer consists of a 300 Å thick GaN nucleation layer grown at a low temperature of 525 °C and a 1–4 μm thick GaN epitaxial layer grown at a high temperature of 1000 °C. The GaN samples with a multiple-pair buffer layer are characterized by double-crystal x-ray diffraction (DC-XRD), Hall method and photoluminescence (PL) at 300 K, and etch-pit density measurements. The optimized condition to obtain the best quality of GaN epitaxial layers is to grow the four-pair buffer layer with a pair thickness of 4 μm. The GaN samples with the optimized buffer layer exhibit a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 150 arcsec and a strong intensity in DC-XRD, a high electron mobility of 450 cm2/V s, a low background concentration of 3×1017 cm−3, a low etch-pit density of mid-105 cm−2, and a narrow FWHM of 56 meV in PL spectrum.
A low-cost adaptive multi-mode digital control solution maximizing AC/DC power supply efficiency (2010)

This paper presents a new low-cost digital control solution that maximizes the AC/DC flyback power supply efficiency. This intelligent digital approach achieves the combined benefits of high performance, low cost and high reliability in a single controller. It introduces unique multiple PWM and PFM operational modes adaptively based on the power supply load changes. While the multi-mode PWM/PFM control significantly improves the light-load efficiency and thus the overall average efficiency, it does not bring compromise to other system performance, such as audible noise, voltage ripples or regulations. It also seamlessly integrated an improved quasi-resonant switching scheme that enables valley-mode turn on in every switching cycle without causing modification to the main PWM/PFM control schemes. A digital integrated circuit (IC) that implements this solution, namely iW1696, has been fabricated and introduced to the industry recently. In addition to outlining the approach, this paper provides experimental results obtained on a 3-W (5 V/550 mA) cell phone charger that is built with the iW1696.
Pterostilbene Acts through Metastasis-Associated Protein 1 to Inhibit Tumor Growth, Progression and Metastasis in Prostate Cancer (2013)

The development of natural product agents with targeted strategies holds promise for enhanced anticancer therapy with reduced drug-associated side effects. Resveratrol found in red wine, has anticancer activity in various tumor types. We reported earlier on a new molecular target of resveratrol, the metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), which is a part of nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD) co-repressor complex that mediates gene silencing. We identified resveratrol as a regulator of MTA1/NuRD complex and re-activator of p53 acetylation in prostate cancer (PCa). In the current study, we addressed whether resveratrol analogues also possess the ability to inhibit MTA1 and to reverse p53 deacetylation. We demonstrated that pterostilbene (PTER), found in blueberries, had greater increase in MTA1-mediated p53 acetylation, confirming superior potency over resveratrol as dietary epigenetic agent. In orthotopic PCa xenografts, resveratrol and PTER significantly inhibited tumor growth, progression, local invasion and spontaneous metastasis. Furthermore, MTA1-knockdown sensitized cells to these agents resulting in additional reduction of tumor progression and metastasis. The reduction was dependent on MTA1 signaling showing increased p53 acetylation, higher apoptotic index and less angiogenesis in vivo in all xenografts treated with the compounds, and particularly with PTER. Altogether, our results indicate MTA1 as a major contributor in prostate tumor malignant progression, and support the use of strategies targeting MTA1. Our strong pre-clinical data indicate PTER as a potent, selective and pharmacologically safe natural product that may be tested in advanced PCa.
"BIRON, let me show you something": evaluating the interaction with a robot companion (2005)

Current research on the interaction with a robot is driven by the desire to build intuitive and natural interaction schemes. In order for our robot BIRON to behave naturally we integrated an attention system that enables the robot to search for and eventually focus on human communication partners by detecting and tracking persons. Via a natural language interface the user can then interact with BIRON and teach him new objects or ask him to follow her. First valuation results from 21 users interacting with the robot indicate that users appreciate the natural language capabilities of BIRON. However, users are very sensitive to speech recognition failures even though all of our subjects had prior experience with speech recognition systems. The results also indicate that feedback on the internal status of the robot is extremely helpful for users.
Theory of spin-dependent transport in ferromagnet-semiconductor heterostructures (1998)

The formalism of spin-dependent transport is used to calculate the conductance of device structures comprised of a two-dimensional electron-gas (2DEG) channel and ferromagnetic source and/or drain for a variety of magnetization configurations. Among the effects predicted by the calculations is spin-dependent current rectification at a 2DEG-ferromagnet interface.
C (1985)

cabinet bid. A facility in a TRADED OPTIONS market whereby, when no tangible value applies to a deep OUT-OF-THE-MONEY OPTION, the holder may dispose of contracts to a market maker at a nominal price per contract (of 1p in the United Kingdom).
Control of Metal Oxide Fouling in Reverse Osmosis (2007)

High levels of iron and manganese, along with large quantities of dissolved gases in the wells created concern for the viability of a conventional desalination design for the proposed City of Camarillo groundwater desalination facility. To identify viable pre-treatment process(es) for the control of metal oxide fouling in reverse osmosis, a 12-month pilot study was undertaken. The pilot study tested several pre-treatment alternatives, one of which was chlorine dioxide and filtration using dual media filters to remove both iron and manganese oxides. The results of the pilot-scale testing indicated that chlorine dioxide and filtration using dual media filters is an effective pre-treatment process for preventing metal oxide fouling in reverse osmosis. Nearly 100% of iron and approximately 70% of manganese in the well water was oxidized and removed during the pre-treatment stages, and the remaining 30% of manganese did not appear to cause fouling of the reverse osmosis membranes. Chlorine resistant membranes were also tested along with standard brackish water membranes, during the pilot study. The test results indicated that standard brackish water membranes experienced damage from either the chlorine dioxide or low levels of impurities within the chlorine dioxide. No damage was seen, however, for the chlorine resistant membranes.
RNA Mango Aptamer-Fluorophore: A Bright, High-Affinity Complex for RNA Labeling and Tracking (2014)

Because RNA lacks strong intrinsic fluorescence, it has proven challenging to track RNA molecules in real time. To address this problem and to allow the purification of fluorescently tagged RNA complexes, we have selected a high affinity RNA aptamer called RNA Mango. This aptamer binds a series of thiazole orange (fluorophore) derivatives with nanomolar affinity, while increasing fluorophore fluorescence by up to 1,100-fold. Visualization of RNA Mango by single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, together with injection and imaging of RNA Mango/fluorophore complex in C. elegans gonads demonstrates the potential for live-cell RNA imaging with this system. By inserting RNA Mango into a stem loop of the bacterial 6S RNA and biotinylating the fluorophore, we demonstrate that the aptamer can be used to simultaneously fluorescently label and purify biologically important RNAs. The high affinity and fluorescent properties of RNA Mango are therefore expected to simplify the study of RNA complexes.
The electrothermal ramjet (1982)

An electrothermal ramjet configuration is examined as a possible alternative to rail guns and mass drivers for high acceleration launch missions. For a specific mission (earth escape) the idealized performance of the electrothermal ramjet, the electrothermal rocket and the electromagnetic acceleration system are compared. This comparison indicates that the gross performance of the ramjet compares favorably with that of the ideal electromagnetic acceleration system. A specific configuration for the ramjet is chosen and models for the dynamics, thermodynamics and fluid mechanics are presented. Results of calculations for a typical supersonic launch cycle suggest that pressure, temperature and power demand profiles associated with ramjet operation should be reasonable. A light gas gun is proposed to accelerate the vehicle to the critical velocity where efficient ramjet operation can begin. The theoretical performance of the ramjet is also shown to be substantially better than that of the light gas gun at high velocities.
Design of high-speed induction motors and associate inverter for direct drive of centrifugal machines (2008)

This paper describes the general design of a high-speed induction motor. Special focus is given in explaining how the main obstacles for designing this kind of machine were resolute and, with more details, how the patented rotor is built. A general overview of the magnetic bearings operation applied to this kind of machine is given as well. We shortly describe the choice of the inverter to drive the high-speed motor as well as its topologies.