gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ZnO–CoO solid solution thin films (2001)

Co-doped ZnO(Zn1−xCoxO) and Co, Al codoped ZnO(Zn1−xCoxO:Al) films were grown on c-plane sapphire (0001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition using a KrF excimer laser. In order to enhance homogeneous substitution of Co2+ for Zn2+ in the ZnO film, an alternating deposition (AD) method was employed for doping. ZnO films doped with the same elements were grown without employing the AD method under the same fabrication conditions to compare with the corresponding AD films. Despite Co incorporation, the Zn1−xCoxO film by AD methods showed better crystallinity than pure ZnO film. Also, the crystallinity of Zn1−xCoxO:Al films by AD methods was better than those of Zn1−xCoxO and ZnO:Al films by conventional doping methods. Root mean square roughnesses of the films by AD methods were less than 1.6 nm. Absorption peaks caused by d–d transitions were observed at 1.88, 2.01, and 2.19 eV in Zn1−xCoxO films. The electric conductivity of Zn1−xCoxO:Al film by AD methods was comparable to that of ZnO:Al film by conventional methods in spite of Co doping and lower Al concentration.
<title>Recent progress in noise reduction and scatter correction in dual-energy imaging</title> (1995)

We report on several new techniques which we are developing for scatter correction and noise suppression in single-shot dual-energy chest radiography. For scatter, we use a deconvolution technique to correct for the scatter produced within the dual-energy cassette, which can result in scatter fractions as high as 30% in the high-energy image. For patient scatter, we have developed a technique which estimates the scatter by viewing each pixel in the image as a scattering source, and summing up its scatter contribution over all pixels. For scatter suppression, we describe the methods of noise clipping and noise forcing, both which use information from the low- and high-energy images to correct pixel values in the high-energy image which are unphysical. The noise clipping can also be combined with the correlated noise reduction technique, in order to combine the strengths of the two methods.
Sirolimus: a comprehensive review (2001)

Sirolimus (Rapamune), Wyeth-Ayerst, Madison, NJ) is a new, potent, immunosuppressant that is emerging as a foundation for long-term immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplantation. The drug acts during both co-stimulatory activation and cytokine-driven pathways via a unique mechanism: inhibition of a multifunctional serine-threonine kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Although there is no a priori reason to assume it, sirolimus displays a synergistic interaction to enhance the efficacy of cyclosporin A (CsA). In trials wherein the concentrations of CsA and sirolimus were tightly controlled, rates of acute rejection episodes were < 10%, despite markedly reduced exposures to each agent. In pivotal multi-centre blinded dose-controlled trials, the rates of acute rejection episodes within 12 months following administration of 2 or 5 mg/day sirolimus in combination with CsA and steroids were reduced to 19 and 14%, respectively. Since the inhibitory effect of sirolimus disables virtually all responses to cytokine mediators due to the widespread involvement of mTOR in multiple signalling pathways, the agent is likely also to retard proliferation of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, an important component of the immuno-obliterative processes associated with chronic rejection. The advantages of this unique therapeutic action combined with an intrinsic lack of nephrotoxicity are counterbalanced by myelosuppressive and hyperlipidaemic side effects. Ongoing studies are assessing whether the long-term benefits of sirolimus to permit reduction in exposure to or elimination of calcineurin inhibitors ameliorate the progression of chronic nephropathy, the condition that erodes long-term renal transplant survival.
Compressed domain object tracking for automatic indexing of objects in MPEG home video (2003)

Object tracking is of utmost importance for automatic indexing of video content. This work presents an object tracker that operates directly on MPEG compressed data. Motion vectors and discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients directly available from the compressed video stream are exploited for the purpose of tracking. Tracking proceeds in two steps: motion vector based tracking in P and B frames within the groups of pictures (GOPs), and object identification in I frames. Colour, which is one of the strongest cues for tracking is used for the identification step. Such a system offers speed, simplicity and robustness against occlusion and camera motion, with good intra-shot tracking for shots in excess of 500 frames, as shown in the experimental results.
Dibutyryl Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Stimulation of Colcemid-Inhibited Axonal Elongation (1972)

Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and its dibutyryl derivative induce a variety of morphological changes, including those associated with in vitro axonal maturation. Established sensory ganglia treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP show significant increases in average axonal length and number in comparison with controls; those treated with maintenance doses of Colcemid show no increases in either parameter; simultaneous treatment with both agents results in growth statistically similar to that produced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP alone. The data are consistent with our hypothesis that cyclic AMP promotes axonal elongation by stimulating microtubule assembly from a preexisting subunit pool.
Hipertensión severa y taquicardia por bloqueo del ganglio estrellado: a propósito de un caso (2008)

El bloqueo de ganglio estrellado es un procedimiento frecuentemente utilizado para aliviar los dolores crónicos del miembro superior, cabeza y cuello. Las complicaciones de este procedimiento son poco frecuentes y de presentarse suelen ser leves y tener una corta duración; entre las más comunes están la ronquera temporal y hematomas. Debido a que el ganglio estrellado se encuentra anatómicamente cerca de estructuras importantes como los nervios frénicos, laríngeo recurrente, vago y grandes arterias, la distribución del anestésico aplicado pueden afectar más de una estructura. A continuación se describe el caso clínico de una mujer de 39 años con síndrome doloroso regional complejo (SDRC) en su extremidad superior derecha. Se le realizó un bloqueo de ganglio estrellado con 10 ml de procaína al 1 % sin epinefrina y minutos después presentó taquicardia e hipertensión severas, la presión arterial incrementó de 135/80 a 235/135 mmHg. Se han descrito en la literatura pocos casos de hipertensión severa y taquicardia después de un bloqueo de ganglio estrellado. El anestésico local utilizado pudo haberse diseminado hacia las estructuras del cuello cercanas al ganglio, las cuales juegan un papel importante en el mantenimiento de la presión arterial, tales como el seno carotideo, el nervio glosofaríngeo y el vago; el bloqueo pudo haber producido una actividad simpática sin oposición.
Erratum: Excitation mechanism of the He-I+ laser (1976)

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3D pose and camera parameter tracking algorithm based on Lucas-Kanade image alignment algorithm (2007)

This paper describes a method to simultaneously estimate 3D pose and camera zoom parameters from sequential images. Given the polyhedral 3D model and its 2D surface texture, 3D pose parameters and camera focal lengths, which yield the best match between the current image and the reference image, are estimated precisely using gradient descent optimization. For the performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm, convergence tests were conducted. 3D pose and camera zoom tracking also conducted on both of synthesized and real sequential images. 3D object information makes the algorithm to effectively cope with self-occlusions, disappearance, and reappearance of partial surfaces of the object by checking visibility for each surface using its 3D pose. As the proposed method estimates camera focal lengths together with 3D rotation and translation, it can be applied to the 3D pose tracking on images of a camera with a zoom lens.
Hybrid Power Filter with Output Impedance Control (2006)

Next-generation microprocessors requires 150 A/0.8 V with slow rates of >70 A/ns. At 10 GHz switching frequencies, the ESL of the packaging capacitors presents more problems than the ESR. This paper highlights a unique hybrid power filter using output impedance matching to allow seamless compatibility of the VRM, packaging capacitors, microprocessor die, and active filter. This topology reduces required capacitors by roughly 90%, with simulations showing <100 mV ripple at projected slew rates. An experimental prototype is demonstrated to suppress undershoot caused by 25 A load transients at 160 A/mus with off-the-shelf components
Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of Some 1,4-Dihydro-3-methyl-1-(2-thiazolyl)pyrazolo[4,3-<i>c</i>][1,2]benzothiazine 5,5-Dioxides (1993)

Abstract Condensation of 1,4-dihydro-3-methyl-1-thiocarbamoylpyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazine 5,5-dioxide with various phenacyl bromides, ethyl 3-aroyl-3-bromopropionates, and ethyl bromopyruvate afforded 1,4-dihydro-3-methyl-1-(2-thiazolyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazine-5,5 dioxides, which were also prepared by an alternate route in order to confirm their structure, were tested for antiinflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. The compounds have shown moderate to good activity.
Liquid phase methanol gasification. [US Patent] (1975)

Chem Systems' new gasification process produces methane from methanol by using a single reactor of simple design and configuration, eliminating the need for a recycle compressor and steam injection by introducing methanol into a liquid-phase system containing a catalyst slurry. The liquid phase, an inert fluidizing material such as mineral oil, facilitates the contact of the gaseous methanol with the catalyst and serves as a heat sink. The hot, inert liquid may be removed from the reactor, cooled, and recycled. This approach completely eliminates the need for an external steam generator. Because steam is generated as a by-product and because the inert liquid dissolves at least some of the steam, adequate steam injection occurs merely by cooling and recycling the water-bearing inert liquid. The fluidizing medium flows upward so as to expand the volume of catalyst by at least 5% at a temperature of 437 to 932/sup 0/F (225 to 500/sup 0/C). The liquid-phase fluidizing medium is capable of dissolving from 0.1 to 10 wt % of water under reaction conditions. The space velocity (defined here as the volume of methanol vapor/h divided by the volume of catalyst) in the reaction zone may range from 537 to 10,730 SCF/cu ftmore » (500 to 10,000 Ncu m/cu m) reactor-hours. Substantially all of the methanol is converted to methane; the gaseous product has less than 1.7 mole % (dry) carbon monoxide.« less
A new beam direction finding circuit based on six port technology (2005)

A new beam direction finding circuit based on six-port technology is presented in this paper. The proposed circuit uses a two-channel receiver and analog signal processing of the six-port circuit output signals in order to evaluate the beam direction. A prototype circuit was designed and fabricated. Simulations and measurements of this circuit are presented and discussed. Low-cost angle of arrival measurements can be performed using the proposed approach.
Performance Analysis and Enhancement of the DSRC for VANET's Safety Applications (2013)

An analytical model for the reliability of a dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) control channel (CCH) to handle safety applications in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is proposed. Specifically, the model enables the determination of the probability of receiving status and safety messages from all vehicles within a transmitter's range and vehicles up to a certain distance, respectively. The proposed model is built based on a new mobility model that takes into account the vehicle's follow-on safety rule to derive accurately the relationship between the average vehicle speed and density. Moreover, the model takes into consideration 1) the impact of mobility on the density of vehicles around the transmitter, 2) the impact of the transmitter's and receiver's speeds on the system reliability, 3) the impact of channel fading by modeling the communication range as a random variable, and 4) the hidden terminal problem and transmission collisions from neighboring vehicles. It is shown that the current specifications of the DSRC may lead to severe performance degradation in dense and high-mobility conditions. Therefore, an adaptive algorithm is introduced to increase system reliability in terms of the probability of successful reception of the packet and the delay of emergency messages in a harsh vehicular environment. The proposed model and the enhancement algorithm are validated by simulation using realistic vehicular traces.
Quaternary protein mimetics of gp41 elicit neutralizing antibodies against HIV fusion‐active intermediate state (2008)

During viral entry, the fusogenic state of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein gp41 is a quaternary structure consisting of three gp41 glycoproteins, each with two conserved helical domains (N-HR and C-HR). Thus far, the examination of monomeric gp41 peptides as an immunologically focused approach to vaccine design has not been successful. Here we report an approach using quaternary protein mimetics (called 3alpha mimetics) that are based on the gp41 N-HR and C-HR domains to closely mimic the fusogenic state and overcome the deficiencies of the monomeric peptide approach for synthetic vaccine design. The 3alpha mimetics are conveniently prepared by chemoselective ligation of unprotected monomeric peptides to an interstrand linker, and display enhanced conformational stability compared to the corresponding monomers. The 3alpha mimetics with or without a covalently attached T-helper epitope were immunogenic and elicited antisera that bound both recombinant gp160, which contains gp41, and HIV-1 virions and immunoprecipitated recombinant gp41. Anti-3alpha mimetic antisera neutralized viral infectivity against R5- and X4-tropic strains of HIV-1 at 31.5 degrees C. The results suggest that a quaternary protein approach to mimic conserved and functional domains of viral envelope proteins is desirable for HIV vaccine development as such antigens are more likely to produce immunologically-focused and broadly neutralizing antibody responses.
Development of electroless Co via-prefill to enable advanced BEOL metallization and via resistance reduction (2016)

A novel metallization scheme was developed to enable advanced BEOL interconnect scaling. The proposed approach adopts electroless Co to selectively grow Co in vias, followed by conventional Cu metallization for the trench. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach through the process integration of electroless Co via pre-fill on a two metal layer interconnect test structure. A detailed discussion on the yield improvement, parametric data, and reliability will be presented in this paper.
Use of a New Buffer in the Culture of Animal Cells (1968)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Teratogen screening using transcriptome profiling of differentiating human embryonic stem cells (2010)

Teratogens are substances that may cause defects in normal embryonic development while not necessarily being toxic in adults. Identification of possible teratogenic compounds has been historically beset by the species-specific nature of the teratogen response. To examine teratogenic effects on early human development we performed non-biased expression profiling of differentiating human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells treated with several drugs--ethanol, lithium, retinoic acid (RA), caffeine and thalidomide, which is known to be highly species specific. Our results point to the potency of specific teratogens and their affected tissues and pathways. Specifically, we could show that ethanol caused dramatic increase in endodermal differentiation, RA caused misregulation of neural development and thalidomide affected both these processes. We thus propose this method as a valuable addition to currently available animal screening approaches.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens Chemotaxis Protocols (2003)

Directed movement in response to chemical attractants is of crucial importance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Motility is a determinant of rhizosphere competence (1), and chemotaxis a conditional requirement for virulence (2,3). A. tumefaciens is attracted toward a variety of sugars typical of plant exudates (4). Responses to nanomolar amounts of phenolic wound exudates are chiefly determined by the Ti-plasmid encoded virulence genes virA and virG (5,6). The sensitivity of these responses indicates that they play a role in the biology of A. tumefaciens. Thus, the attraction to sugars can partly explain the organism’s prevalence in the rhizosphere (7) and the highly sensitive response to phenolics, may help to guide A. tumefaciens to wounded plant cells (8,9).
Biologically active sequence (KDI) mediates the neurite outgrowth function of the gamma-1 chain of laminin-1 (2001)

A neurite outgrowth domain of the γ1-chain of laminin-1 (RDIAEIIKDI) promotes axon guidance of rat hippocampal neurons, regulates the nuclear movement phase of neuronal migration, and binds to the cellular prion protein (Liesi et al. [1995] J. Neurosci. Res. 134:447–486; Matsuzawa et al. [1998] J. Neurosci. Res. 53:114–124; Graner et al. [2000] Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 76:85–92). Using electrophysiology and neuronal culture experiments, we show that this 10 amino acid peptide or its smaller domains induces potassium currents in primary central neurons. Both these currents and the neurotoxicity of high concentrations of the 10 amino acid peptide antigen are prevented by pertussis toxin. The smallest peptide domain capable of inducing both potassium currents and promoting neurite outgrowth of human spinal cord neurons is a tri-peptide KDI. Our results indicate that KDI may be the biologically active domain of the γ1 laminin, capable of modulating electrical activity and survival of central neurons via a G-protein coupled mechanism. These results expand the wide variety of functions already reported for the members of the laminin-gene family. They suggest that biologically active peptide domains of the γ1 laminin may provide tools to promote neuronal regeneration after injuries and to enhance neuronal survival during aging and neuronal degeneration. J Neurosci. Res. 66:1047–1053, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An Approach to Generation of ‘Pseudo’ Probits for Comparative Risk Evaluation (1999)

(1999). An Approach to Generation of ‘Pseudo’ Probits for Comparative Risk Evaluation. Safety and Reliability: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 19-21.
A Chinese-Malay Neural Machine Translation Model Based on CA-Transformer and Transfer Learning (2022)

Neural machine translation (NMT) has achieved good results in many applications, but large-scale corpora are needed as support, and high-quality corpora are often difficult to obtain, especially for low-resource corpora such as small languages, resulting in poor translation results. Therefore, a transfer learning method is proposed, in which the training parameters of Chinese-English high resource corpus are used to replace the model parameters of Chinese-Malay and English-Malay respectively, so as to solve the problem of insufficient training and scarce corpus. Compared with the basic transformer, this method can effectively reduce the number of parameters, speed up the training, and solve the problem that the pretrained language model is too large and difficult to optimize. Moreover, the performance is basically similar to transformer. Compared with multiple models, the translation model in this paper is faster, with better translation effect and better BLEU.
Calibratable linear parameter-varying control of a turbocharged diesel engine (2005)

This paper presents the design and application of a robust, gain scheduled controller based on a third-order linear parameter-varying (LPV) model of the airpath of the turbocharged diesel engine under investigation. This model-based control design reduces the calibration effort significantly (a major task faced by the automotive industry), while achieving the same performance as the fully calibrated engine controller. It is accomplished by using the intake manifold air pressure as scheduling variable; since this is also a state variable it yields a quasi-LPV model. A second parameter adjusting the gain of the controller is introduced to render it Calibratable while the robustness estimates still hold. It is demonstrated how online tuning of this single parameter optimizes the performance of the LPV model-based airpath controller. Experimental results from the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) (including the extra-urban part) demonstrate the validity of this approach.
187. Phthalocyanines. Part IX. Derivatives of thiophen, thionaphthen, pyridine, and pyrazine, and a note on the nomenclature (1937)

R. P. Linstead, E. G. Noble and J. M. Wright, J. Chem. Soc., 1937, 911 DOI: 10.1039/JR9370000911
Impact of Common Type 2 Diabetes Risk Polymorphisms in the DESIR Prospective Study (2007)

Our data confirm several at-risk polymorphisms for type 2 diabetes in a general population and demonstrate that prospective studies are valuable designs to complement classical genetic approaches.
Measuring fast gene dynamics in single cells with time-lapse luminescence microscopy (2014)

Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy is an important tool for measuring in vivo gene dynamics in single cells. However, fluorescent proteins are limited by slow chromophore maturation times and the cellular autofluorescence or phototoxicity that arises from light excitation. An alternative is luciferase, an enzyme that emits photons and is active upon folding. The photon flux per luciferase is significantly lower than that for fluorescent proteins. Thus time-lapse luminescence microscopy has been successfully used to track gene dynamics only in larger organisms and for slower processes, for which more total photons can be collected in one exposure. Here we tested green, yellow, and red beetle luciferases and optimized substrate conditions for in vivo luminescence. By combining time-lapse luminescence microscopy with a microfluidic device, we tracked the dynamics of cell cycle genes in single yeast with subminute exposure times over many generations. Our method was faster and in cells with much smaller volumes than previous work. Fluorescence of an optimized reporter (Venus) lagged luminescence by 15-20 min, which is consistent with its known rate of chromophore maturation in yeast. Our work demonstrates that luciferases are better than fluorescent proteins at faithfully tracking the underlying gene expression.
Electromagnetic tomography for brain imaging: From virtual to human brain (2014)

Electromagnetic Tomography, when matured, might present an effective supplement to current imaging modalities for fast and mobile diagnostic of stroke and for safe and easy to apply monitoring imaging technology for assessment of perfusion related brain injuries and an efficacy of treatment. We have advanced the technology from virtual brain imaging stage to an imaging of normal human brain (volunteers study). The developed EMT scanner for human brain imaging and first imaging results are presented here.