gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel tomato xylosyltransferase specific for gentisic acid (2010)

The importance of salicylic acid (SA) in the signal transduction pathway of plant disease resistance has been well documented in many incompatible plant-pathogen interactions, but less is known about signalling in compatible interactions. In this type of interaction, tomato plants have been found to accumulate high levels of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (gentisic acid, GA), a metabolic derivative of SA. Exogenous GA treatments induce in tomato plants a set of PR proteins that differ from those induced by salicylic acid. While SA accumulates in tomato plants mainly as 2-O-β-D-glucoside, GA has only been found as 5-O-β-D-xyloside. To characterize this step of the GA signalling pathway further, the present work focuses on the study of the GA-conjugating activity in tomato plants. A gentisate glycosyltransferase (GAGT) cDNA has been isolated and overexpressed in Pichia pastoris, and GA-conjugating activity was confirmed by detecting the xylosylated GA. The purified plant protein is highly specific for GA, showing no activity toward many other phenolic compounds, including SA. In addition, it shows an outstanding selectivity for UDP-xylose as the sugar donor, which differentiates this enzyme from most glycosyltransferases. Both the GA-conjugating activity and the corresponding mRNA show a strong, rapid, and transient induction upon treatment of tomato plants with GA or SA. Furthermore, its expression is rapidly induced by compatible infections. However, neither the gene nor the activity seems to respond to incompatible infections or wounding. The unique properties of this new glycosyltransferase suggest a specific role in regulating the free GA levels in compatible plant-pathogen interactions.
Monitoring the Trafficking of Adoptively Transferred Antigen- Specific CD8-Positive T Cells <i>In Vivo</i> , Using Noninvasive Luminescence Imaging (2007)

Understanding of the trafficking of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in vivo will provide insight about how our immune system controls infectious diseases and cancers. In the current study we used a luciferase-expressing human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7-specific CD8(+) T cell for adoptive transfer to control E7-expressing TC-1 tumor cells. We used noninvasive luminescence imaging to monitor the trafficking of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells over time. We also boosted the luciferase-expressing E7-specific CD8(+) T cells in vivo, using E7-expressing vaccinia. We found that injected E7-specific T cells preferentially migrated to the E7-expressing tumor site but not to the E7-negative control tumor site, and increased in number at the tumor site over time. In addition, vaccination with E7-expressing vaccinia led to a significant increase in the number of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells at the tumor site, resulting in a significant antitumor effect compared with vaccination with wild-type vaccinia. Thus, our data suggest that the antitumor effects generated by adoptive transfer of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells can be significantly enhanced by vaccination with E7-expressing vaccinia and that our system represents a plausible approach to investigate the trafficking and biology of antigen-specific T cells in vivo.
plutology (Gr. πλου^τοσ, Wealth) (2011)

This term was used by Courcelle-Seneuil to describe that part of his treatise on political economy which dealt with what is described by some more modern writers as ‘pure theory’; that scientific study of the results of the action of economic motives on men and societies to which the terms ‘economics’ and ‘economic science’ have been applied in the effort to escape the confusions which arose from embracing under the general title) ‘political economy’, both these more abstract investigations and the application of the knowledge thus gained, with that derived from other sources, to problems of practical statemanship. To this second part of the subject the eminent French economist applied the term Ergonomy. The Australian W.E. Hearn adopted the title for his work, Plutology, or the Theory of the Efforts to satisfy Human Wants.
Data preprocessing and intelligent data analysis (1997)

This paper first provides an overview of data preprocessing, focusing on problems of real world data. These are primarily problems that have to be carefully understood and solved before any data analysis process can start. The paper discusses in detail two main reasons for performing data preprocessing: (i) problems with the data and (ii) preparation for data analysis. The paper continues with details of data preprocessing techniques achieving each of the above mentioned objectives. A total of 14 techniques are discussed. Two examples of data preprocessing applications from two of the most data rich domains are given at the end. The applications are related to semiconductor manufacturing and aerospace domains where large amounts of data are available, and they are fairly reliable. Future directions and some challenges are discussed at the end.
Rapid fat suppression in MRI of the breast with short binomial pulses (2006)

Rapid binomial pulses can be used for dynamic contrast enhanced breast MRI with excitation times significantly shorter than currently used fat suppression pulses. Shorter excitation time allows more rapid imaging, allowing greater temporal and spatial resolution for characterization of breast lesions.
Davidson y la subjetividad: alcances y limitaciones para la comprensión del sujeto psicoanalítico (2007)

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease with high prevalence and morbidity, particularly in school-aged children. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a soluble decoy receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and has been reported to be elevated in several allergic and inflammatory diseases. This study was designed to determine the role of DcR3 in pediatric asthma. The serum DcR3 levels were analyzed in 85 subjects (60 pediatric patients with bronchial asthma and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy control children) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Patients with asthma had higher serum DcR3 levels than healthy control subjects (p = 0.007). In the atopic group of patients with asthma, the serum DcR3 levels were inversely correlated with the asthma control test score (R = - 0.392, p = 0.039). Overall, DcR3 could be a promising biomarker of atopic asthma, specifically in pediatric patients.
D1 receptor blockade stereospecifically impairs the acquisition of drug-conditioned place preference and place aversion (1994)

The motivational effects of dopamine (DA) D1 receptor blockade and its influence on the motivational effects of amphetamine (1.0mg/kg s.c.), morphine (1.0mg/kg s.c.) and lithium (40mg/kg s.c.) were studied in a place-conditioning paradigm. Drugs tested were two potent D1 receptor antagonists, SCH 23390 and SCH 39166, that differ in the poor affinity of the latter for 5-HT(2) receptors, and SCH 23388, the inactive enantiomer of SCH 23390. SCH 23390 and SCH 39166, at low doses (12.5 and 25µg/kg s.c.), paired for 30min with one compartment, elicited place aversion. Higher doses of the D1 antagonists or pairing for 60min with one compartment failed to elicit place aversion. SCH 39166 (50µg/kg s.c.) paired with both compartments completely prevented the place-aversion elicited by SCH 23390 (12.5µg/kg s.c.). SCH 23390 and SCH 39166 at low doses (12.5 and 25µg/kg s.c. respectively), paired with both compartments, abolished amphetamine-induced place preference. The D1 antagonists also impaired the acquisition of morphine-induced place preference and lithium-induced place aversion but only at higher doses (50 and 100µg/kg s.c.). These effects were stereospecific as the inactive enantiomer SCH 23388, up to a dose of 500µg/kg s.c. failed to impair the acquisition of amphetamine and morphine-induced place preference. It is concluded that DA plays a dual role in motivation: one role is that of assigning motivational valence to stimuli in relation to changes in DA transmission; another role of DA relates to the learning process involved in the acquisition of positive as well as negative incentive properties by otherwise neutral stimuli (incentive learning).
Direct lysis of Trypanosoma cruzi: a novel effector mechanism of protection mediated by human anti‐gal antibodies (1991)

Anti-gal antibodies directed against a carbohydrate epitope present in mouse laminin (galactosyl alpha 1-3 galactose) and detected in high levels in sera from patients in the acute phase of Chagas disease are responsible for the direct lysis (DL) of Trypanosoma cruzi blood forms independent of either the classic or alternative complement pathways. Furthermore, the lectins Euonymus europaeus (EE) specific for the carbohydrates gal alpha 1-3 gal present a similar lytic activity against T. cruzi at the same concentrations of purified anti-gal antibodies. The DL activity was tested with several other lectins but Concanavalin A (Con A) specific for alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose was the only one also presenting lytic activity. The lectins and anti-gal antibodies lytic activity can be inhibited by specific carbohydrates suggesting that this phenomenon is related to the capability of these lectins or anti-gal antibodies to bind to a crucial surface component of T. cruzi. Moreover, the infectivity of T. cruzi blood forms to mice was clearly inactivated by incubation with acute chagasic sera (ACS) but not by ACS absorbed by immunoaffinity chromatography with mouse laminin, a strong evidence that high levels of anti-gal antibodies participate in the decline of the parasitaemia from the acute to the chronic phase in Chagas disease.
Analysis of out-of-sequence problem and preventative schemes in parallel switch architecture for high-speed ATM network (1994)

The parallel switch architecture combines advantageously a parallel plane method with a bit-parallel conversion scheme in VLSI implementation of ATM switches with the capability of handling unlimited external trunk speed. However, the parallel architecture encounters out-of-sequence problems owing to various possible switching paths. The authors analyse the out-of-sequence performance dependency on the trunk utilisation, the total number of virtual channels/trunk, and the number of parallel switch planes. They then propose two parallel switches equipped with preventive schemes for avoiding cells delivered out-of-sequence. By using the method of cascading virtual channel routing networks at input lines of the switch planes, the large speed reducing effect to support trunks at speeds of several Gb/s can be achieved in ATM-based parallel switch design. Also, the out-of-sequence problem is basically eliminated, and additional delay can be reduced to a negligible level.
Microstructural Analysis of Sintered High‐Conductivity Zirconia with Al <sub>2</sub> 0 <sub>3</sub> Additions (1982)

Transmission electron microscopy (at 100 and 1000 kV potential) and analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study α‐Al 2 0 3 second‐phase particles and their interactions with grain boundaries in two high‐conductivity Y 2 0 3 /Yb 2 0 3 stabilized zirconia ceramics containing deliberate additions of the alumina as a sintering aid. Most of the Al 2 0 3 particles were intragranular and microanalysis showed that they contained inclusions rich in Zr or Si plus Zr. Al 2 O 3 particles at grain boundaries were frequently associated with amorphous cusp areas rich in Si and Al. The results suggest that the Al 2 0 3 acts as a scavenger for SiO 2 , removing it from grain‐boundary localities. A model is proposed whereby this process occurs as the boundaries meet the second‐phase particles, assisted by rapid grain‐boundary diffusion. Such an ZrO 2 ‐Al 2 O 3 ‐SiO 2 interaction and partitioning is predicted thermodynamically and offers a possible explanation for the improvements in ionic conductivity brought about by Al 2 O 3 additions, as reported in the literature.
How do humans process and recognize speech? (1994)

Until the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) hardware surpasses human performance in accuracy and robustness, we stand to gain by understanding the basic principles behind human speech recognition (HSR). This problem was studied exhaustively at Bell Labs between the years of 1918 and 1950 by Harvey Fletcher and his colleagues. The motivation for these studies was to quantify the quality of speech sounds in the telephone plant to both improve speech intelligibility and preference. To do this he and his group studied the effects of filtering and noise on speech recognition accuracy for nonsense consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) syllables, words, and sentences. Fletcher used the term "articulation" as the probability of correct recognition for nonsense sounds, and "intelligibility" as the probability of correction recognition for words (sounds having meaning). In 1919, Fletcher found a way to transform articulation data for filtered speech into an additive density function D(f) and found a formula that accurately predicts the average articulation. The area under D(S) is called the "articulation index." Fletcher then went on to find relationships between the recognition errors for the nonsense speech sounds, words, and sentences. This work has recently been reviewed and partially replicated by Boothroyd and by Bronkhorst, et al. (1980). Taken as a whole, these studies tell us a great deal about how humans process and recognize speech sounds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ammonia decomposition in catalytic membrane reactors: Simulation and experimental studies (2012)

Catalytic decomposition of NH 3 with H 2 ‐selective microporous silica membranes for CO x ‐free hydrogen production was studied theoretically and experimentally. The simulation study shows that NH 3 conversion, H 2 yield and H 2 purity increase with the Damköhler number ( Da ), and their improvement is affected by the effect of H 2 extraction as well as NH 3 and N 2 permeation through the membranes. The experimental study of NH 3 decomposition was carried out in a bimodal catalytic membrane reactor ( BCMR ), consisting of a bimodal catalytic support and a H 2 ‐selective silica layer. Catalytic membranes showed H 2 permeances of 6.2–9.8 × 10 −7 mol m −2 s −1 Pa −1 , with H 2 / NH 3 and H 2 / N 2 permeance ratios of 110–200 and 200–700, respectively, at 773 K. The effect of operating conditions on membrane reactor performance with respect to NH 3 conversion, H 2 yield and H 2 purity was investigated, and the results were in agreement with those calculated by the proposed simulation model. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 168–179, 2013
Long-Cycling Ferrocene/MV Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery (AORFB) (2017)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a viable technology to store renewable energy in the form of electricity that can be supplied to electricity grids. However, widespread implementation of traditional RFBs, such as vanadium and Zn-Br 2 RFBs, is limited due to a number of challenges related to materials, including low abundance and high costs of redox-active metals, expensive separators, and corrosive and hazardous electrolytes. To address these challenges, we demonstrate an aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB), named FcNCl/MV AORFB, 1 featuring a high theoretical energy density, 45.5 Wh/L, the highest value known for AORFBs. The battery is built from earth abundant elements (C, H, N, and Fe), specifically consisting of a newly designed organic catholyte based on a highly water soluble ferrocene compound, (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium chloride(FcNCl), a methyl viologen anolyte which was studied in our previous work, 2 non-flammableand non-corrosive NaCl supporting electrolyte, and low cost anion exchange membrane. This is the first application of a water-soluble ferrocene compound in aqueous RFBs. The batteries exhibit extraordinary electrochemical performances, 700 cycles with 99.99% capacity retention per cylce and 65% energy efficiency at 60 mA/cm 2 , and delivered power density up to 125 mW/cm 2 . The presented AORFB technology underlines great promise of soluble redox-active organic molecules for green energy storage. Reference 1. Hu, B.; DeBruler, C.; Rhodes, Z.; Liu, T. L., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2017 , 139 , 1207. 2. Liu, T. B.; Wei, X. L.; Nie, Z. M.; Sprenkle, V.; Wang, W., Adv. Energy. Mater., 2016, 6 , 1501449.
The Human TFIID Components TAF<sub>II</sub>135 and TAF<sub>II</sub>20 and the Yeast SAGA Components ADA1 and TAF<sub>II</sub>68 Heterodimerize to Form Histone-Like Pairs (2000)

It has been previously proposed that the transcription complexes TFIID and SAGA comprise a histone octamer-like substructure formed from a heterotetramer of H4-like human hTAF(II)80 (or its Drosophila melanogaster dTAF(II)60 and yeast [Saccharomyces cerevisiae] yTAF(II)60 homologues) and H3-like hTAF(II)31 (dTAF(II)40 and yTAF(II)17) along with two homodimers of H2B-like hTAF(II)20 (dTAF(II)30alpha and yTAF(II)61/68). However, it has not been formally shown that hTAF(II)20 heterodimerizes via its histone fold. By two-hybrid analysis with yeast and biochemical characterization of complexes formed by coexpression in Escherichia coli, we showed that hTAF(II)20 does not homodimerize but heterodimerizes with hTAF(II)135. Heterodimerization requires the alpha2 and alpha3 helices of the hTAF(II)20 histone fold and is abolished by mutations in the hydrophobic face of the hTAF(II)20 alpha2 helix. Interaction with hTAF(II)20 requires a domain of hTAF(II)135 which shows sequence homology to H2A. This domain also shows homology to the yeast SAGA component ADA1, and we show that yADA1 heterodimerizes with the histone fold region of yTAF(II)61/68, the yeast hTAF(II)20 homologue. These results are indicative of a histone fold type of interaction between hTAF(II)20-hTAF(II)135 and yTAF(II)68-yADA1, which therefore constitute novel histone-like pairs in the TFIID and SAGA complexes.
Content-based image retrieval using region-based image querying (2007)

In this paper, we propose the region-based image retrieval method using JSEG which is a method for unsupervised segmentation of color-texture regions. JSEG is an algorithm that discretizes an image by color classification, makes the J-image by applying a region to window mask, and then segments the image by using a region growing and merging. The segmented image from JSEG is given to a user as the query image, and a user can select a few segmented regions as the query region. After finding the MBR of regions selected by user query and generating the multiple window masks based on the center point of MBR, we extract the feature vectors from selected regions. We use the accumulated histogram as the global descriptor for performance comparison of extracted feature vectors in each method. Our approach fast and accurately supplies the relevant images for the given query, as the feature vectors extracted from specific regions and global regions are simultaneously applied to image retrieval. Experimental evidence suggests that our algorithm outperforms the recent image-based methods for image indexing and retrieval.
Monolithic white light emitting diodes using a (Ga,In)N-based light converter (2014)

Commercially available inorganic white light emitting diodes (LEDs) are essentially based on the combination of a blue InGaN based LED chip covered by a long wavelength emitting (yellow, red) phosphor. We propose to avoid this step of phosphor deposition by taking advantage of the fact that yellow to red emission can be achieved using InGaN alloys. By stacking an InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (QW) emitting in the yellow, acting as a light converter, and a short wavelength blue-violet pump LED grown on top, white light emission can be obtained. Furthermore, if we extend the emission spectrum of the light converter into the red, a warm white light color is demonstrated when a pump LED is grown on top. However, the high In content InGaN QWs of the light converter have a low thermal stability and the QW efficiency tends to degrade during the growth of the pump LED. Three different solutions are explored to avoid the thermal degradation of the light converter. The monolithic LED structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), by a combination of both MBE and metal-organic chemical vapor phase epitaxy (MOCVD), or by a low temperature full-MOCVD process. The best results are obtained using a complete MOCVD growth process. The structure and the MOCVD growth conditions are specifically adapted in order to avoid the thermal degradation of the large In composition InGaN QWs emitting at long wavelength during the growth of the subsequent layers.
Quantization of severity of critical illness with special reference to blood lactate (1973)

A total of 410 critically ill patients in critical care units of six community hospitals were surveyed for a period of 31 days. A prognostic index of survival was derived by discriminant function analysis utilizing measurement of blood lactate, blood pressure, heart rate, arrhythmias, spontaneous respiration, urine volume, body temperature, age, and a five-point rating of clinical condition by the nursing staff. The case fatality rate in patients in whom blood lactate exceeded 2.7 mM was 50% fatality rate was 5% when lactate was less than 2.7 mM. The best prediction of survival was obtained by combining the plasma lactate and the five-point rating of the patient's condition. These data therefore could serve as a measure of the severity of illness at the time of admission and provide a quantitative guide for objective comparison of the effectiveness with which critical care services are delivered in acute care units. They can also provide an objective basis for priority assignment to cardiac care, intensive care, and other specialized units of the hospital
An automatic system for broadband complex-admittance measurements on MOS structures (1978)

The design of an automatic apparatus for broadband complex admittance measurements on MOS structures is considered in detail. An apparatus is described which operates in a frequency swept mode over the range 10 Hz-100 kHz. It can measure admittances having very small loss angles with a total uncertainty in Gm/ omega Cm of the order 10-4 over the full frequency range. On typical MOS devices this allows the accurate determination of interface-state parameters at densities as low as 2*109 states cm-2 eV-1.
Misoprostol as agonist of IP2 receptor. (2002)

Fourteen patients with peripheral vascular disease received 200 microg of misoprostol 3 times a day during one month. The therapy with misoprostol caused clinical and biochemical improvement in all 14 patients. An elongation of pain free and maximum walking distance, shortening of pain duration and increase in arterial blood flow in both calves were observed. At the same time an activation of the fibrinolytic system, rise in the platelet aggregate ratio and increase in cAMP levels were noticed. It is suggested that misoprostol in human being caused rather activation of IP2 receptor.