gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Symmetric Voltage Cancellation Control for LCL converters in Inductive Power Transfer Systems (2011)

This paper presents a new design strategy for Symmetric Voltage Cancellation (SVC) Control used in LCL converters for Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) Systems. It was found that the operating mode that eliminated diode reverse recovery losses in the H-bridge had particularly low losses. An analytical technique is used to calculate the operating modes. Three common control schemes used in LCL converters were computed and normalized graphs are produced to aid designers in making engineering tradeoffs between more efficient switching schemes, total harmonic distortion (THD) and the overall cost of the converter. For a typical LCL converter example, total losses in the H-bridge can be reduced by a factor of 11 by restricting operation to a mode with no diode reverse recovery loss.
Diagnosis of Tick-Borne Encephalitis by a μ-Capture Immunoglobulin M-Enzyme Immunoassay Based on Secreted Recombinant Antigen Produced in Insect Cells (2003)

Acute tick-borne encephalitis is diagnosed by detection of IgM antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) (genus Flavivirus) in patient serum. TBEV membrane (M) and envelope (E) proteins have previously been shown to form virus-like particles when expressed in mammalian cells. We expressed the prM/M and E proteins in insect cells with a recombinant baculovirus system and obtained antigenic protein secreted into the cell culture medium, as evidenced by detection by a panel of five monoclonal antibodies to TBEV E protein. According to the sedimentation pattern in sucrose gradient centrifugation, the proteins were most likely secreted as virus-like particles. A mu-capture immunoglobulin M-enzyme immunoassay (IgM-EIA) test was developed and compared to a commercially available TBEV-IgM test (Progen) based on inactivated purified TBEVs. With a panel of 100 TBEV-IgM-negative, 50 TBEV-IgM-positive, and seven dengue virus-IgM-positive serum samples from our diagnostic laboratory, a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99% were obtained, and the correlation coefficient of EIA absorbances with the reference test was 0.93. The antigen was also suitable for IgG antibody detection in an immunofluorescent assay format. This is the first time that secreted, fully antigenic E protein has been produced in insect cells for this arthropod-borne flavivirus.
Prion Protein Selectively Binds Copper(II) Ions (1998)

The infectious isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc) is derived from cellular PrP (PrPC) in a conversion reaction involving a dramatic reorganization of secondary and tertiary structure. While our understanding of the pathogenic role of PrPSc has grown, the normal physiologic function of PrPC still remains unclear. Using recombinant Syrian hamster prion protein [SHaPrP(29-231)], we investigated metal ions as possible ligands of PrP. Near-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) indicates that the conformation of SHaPrP(29-231) resembles PrPC purified from hamster brain. Here we demonstrate by CD and tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence spectroscopy that copper induces changes to the tertiary structure of SHaPrP(29-231). Binding of copper quenches the Trp fluorescence emission significantly, shifts the emission spectrum to shorter wavelengths, and also induces changes in the near-UV CD spectrum of SHaPrP(29-231). The binding sites are highly specific for Cu2+, as indicated by the lack of a change in Trp fluorescence emission with Ca2+, Co2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. Binding of Cu2+ also promotes the conformational shift from a predominantly alpha-helical to a beta-sheet structure. Equilibrium dialysis experiments indicate a binding stoichiometry of approximately 2 copper molecules per PrP molecule at physiologically relevant concentrations, and pH titration of Cu2+ binding suggests a role for histidine as a chelating ligand. NMR spectroscopy has recently demonstrated that the octarepeats (PHGGGWGQ) in SHaPrP(29-231) lack secondary or tertiary structure in the absence of Cu2+. Our results suggest that each Cu2+ binds to a structure defined by two octarepeats (PHGGGWGQ) with one histidine and perhaps one glycine carbonyl chelating the ion. We propose that the binding of two copper ions to four octarepeats induces a more defined structure to this region.
Religious Pluralism in Globalised India: A Constitutional Perspective (2012)

Indian has recently emerged as one of the leading developing countries basically on strength its Constitutional protection to religious pluralism among its people. The paper focus how Indian civilization has played host to several migrant groups and communities from time to time and these groups as well as communities has been guaranteed fundamental rights in matters of religion. The religious pluralism has been fostered by various decisions of the Indian higher judiciary.
Porins Are Required for Uptake of Phosphates by <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (2007)

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient, but how phosphates cross the mycobacterial cell wall is unknown. Phosphatase activity in whole cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis was significantly lower than that in lysed cells, indicating that access to the substrate was restricted. The loss of the outer membrane (OM) porin MspA also reduced the phosphatase activity in whole cells compared to that in lysed cells. A similar result was obtained for M. smegmatis that overexpressed endogenous alkaline phosphatase, indicating that PhoA is not a surface protein, contrary to a previous report. The uptake of phosphate by a mutant lacking the porins MspA and MspC was twofold lower than that by wild-type M. smegmatis. Strikingly, the loss of these porins resulted in a severe growth defect of M. smegmatis on low-phosphate plates. We concluded that the OM of M. smegmatis represents a permeability barrier for phosphates and that Msp porins are the only OM channels for the diffusion of phosphate in M. smegmatis. However, phosphate diffusion through Msp pores is rather inefficient as shown by the 10-fold lower permeability of M. smegmatis for phosphate compared to that for glucose. This is likely due to the negative charges in the constriction zone of Msp porins. The phosphatase activity in whole cells of Mycobacterium bovis BCG was significantly less than that in lysed cells, indicating a similar uptake pathway for phosphates in slow-growing mycobacteria. However, porins that could mediate the diffusion of phosphates across the OM of M. bovis BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are unknown.
Parallel Rendering on Hybrid Multi-GPU Clusters (2012)

Achieving efficient scalable parallel rendering for interactive visualization applications on medium-sized graphics clusters remains a challenging problem. Framerates of up to 60hz require a carefully designed and fine-tuned parallel rendering implementation that fits all required operations into the 16ms time budget available for each rendered frame. Furthermore, modern commodity hardware embraces more and more a NUMA architecture, where multiple processor sockets each have their locally attached memory and where auxiliary devices such as GPUs and network interfaces are directly attached to one of the processors. Such so called fat NUMA processing and graphics nodes are increasingly used to build cost-effective hybrid shared/distributed memory visualization clusters. In this paper we present a thorough analysis of the asynchronous parallelization of the rendering stages and we derive and implement important optimizations to achieve highly interactive framerates on such hybrid multi-GPU clusters. We use both a benchmark program and a real-world scientific application used to visualize, navigate and interact with simulations of cortical neuron circuit models.
Thermal noise driven heat engines: Noise put to work, while it sheds light on &#x201C;quantum heat engine weirdness&#x201D; (2011)

Purely electrical heat engines driven by the thermal noise voltage of resistors are introduced. In these engines, there is no steam, gas or combustion and the only mechanically moving elements are the piston and resonator (flywheel). Resistors, capacitors and electronically controlled switches are the other building elements. For the best performance, a large number of parallel engines must be integrated to run in a synchronized fashion. At room temperature, in the idealistic case, a two-dimensional ensemble of engines of 25 nanometer size integrated on a 1 square-inch silicon chip with 20 °C temperature difference between the warm-source and the cold-sink would produce a power of about 1 Watt. Several standard and coherent (correlated-cylinder states) versions of these engines have been introduced and both of them can operate in either four-stroke or two-stroke modes. The correlated engines offer the same type of paradoxes as coherent quantum heat engines and they serve the solution of their paradox, too.
Security analysis and implementation of web-based telemedicine services with a four-tier architecture (2008)

Security of telemedicine applications is not often given adequate importance by the developers and healthcare administrators primarily to reduce cost. Though some security safeguards are employed by these applications to comply with existing medical data security and privacy regulations, these are not adequate in todaypsilas context. Moreover, in a Web-based application environment not only the data but also the application itself is vulnerable to attackers. Keeping these concerns in mind, we present the design of a Web-based, four-tier telemedicine system named iMedik which is accessible over desktops as well as handheld devices. We have illustrated how the proposed system differs from existing three-tier Web applications. The compliance status of the application with HIPAA Security Guidelines has also been noted. The security measures described in our approach look into the four-tier architecture from an attackerpsilas viewpoint and present a simple road map for developing secure e-health application with anywhere, anytime availability.
Absenteeism Control (1992)

Discusses the five basic elements of an effective absentee control programme: maintaining detailed attendance records; determining reasons for absence; summarizing and analysing attendance data; taking decisive action to correct the problem; and providing quality leadership to employees. Traditional approaches to controlling absenteeism are discipline at progressive levels to punish excessive absences, and reward, in which various incentive systems are utilized to reward employees for outstanding attendance. Draws examples from US companies.
Neuroimaging in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Beyond the Frontostriatal Circuitry (2009)

Although there is compelling evidence suggesting that frontostriatal dysfunction may be central to the pathophysiology of ADHD, the neuroimaging findings point to distributed neural substrates rather than a single one. More research is needed to elucidate the nature of contributions of nonfrontostriatal regions to the pathophysiology of ADHD.
Cache management using temporal pattern based solicitation for content delivery (2012)

Caching is an effective technique to improve the quality of streaming multimedia services. In this paper, we propose a novel content caching scheme referred as “Cache Management using Temporal Pattern based Solicitation” (CMTPS), to further minimize both service delays and load in the network for Video on Demand (VoD) applications. CMPTS is based on the analysis of clients' requests over passed time intervals to predict the contents that will be solicited in the near future. By means of experimental tests, the CMTPS protocol is evaluated. The obtained results show that CMTPS outperforms LRU, in terms of peak traffic reduction and number of cache hits.
A CMOS Low-Noise, Low-Dropout Regulator for Transceiver SOC Supply Management (2006)

Low-noise, low-dropout (LN-LDO) regulators are critical for supply regulation of deep-submicron analog baseband and RF system-on-chip designs. A low 1/f noise LDO regulator utilizing a chopper stabilized error amplifier is introduced. A secondary amplifier with supply ripple subtraction stage is used for PSR improvement. With the proposed techniques, less than 180 nV/radicHz output noise spectral density and 50 dB of PSR is measured at 10 kHz frequency. With chopping frequencies up to 1MHz, the regulator achieves 5 mV/25 mA load regulation at 100 muA quiescent current. The LN-LDO is designed and fabricated on a 0.25mum, digital CMOS process with five level metal occupying 0.54 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
The aggregation of asphaltene molecules as a function of carbon dioxide concentration (2014)

Asphaltenes can present problems in production and flow assurance during tertiary enhanced oil recovery projects involving CO2 injection. Despite many years of research, asphaltene behavior remains poorly understood, and predictions of precipitation are unreliable. Even laboratory PVT studies often fail to predict problems in the field. The majority of the asphaltene theories focus on predicting asphaltene precipitation in a given reservoir fluid as a function of pressure and temperature. Recent credible research challenges the long held physical picture that asphaltenes are held in suspension in oil by resin micelles. Popular theoretical approaches are based on solubility theory, with most models including only two solubility parameters. Serious doubt has been cast on the application of the solubility models, and statistical mechanics theories such as SAFT (Self Associated Fluid Theory) have all been explored. \n\n\n\nThis study investigates the problem from a new direction – the aggregate or floc size of asphaltene moieties as a function of CO2 concentration. The study looks at the distribution of the floc size as a function of CO2 concentration. Multiple experiments are done at various concentrations of CO2 in the same oil and differentially on each sample. Floc size groups are determined by sets of nano filter: 200 nm, 100 nm, 50 nm and 30 nm. The differential study provides a method of removing asphaltenes differentially from the same oil testing the resin hypothesis. The floc size feature discloses whether and at what size are flocs in dynamic equilibrium. Experimental results show that carbon dioxide injection produces asphaltene aggregation for all concentration of carbon dioxide. Floc size versus pore throat size is the most relevant parameter for predicting problems in the field.
Mapping of strain fields about thin film structures using x-ray microdiffraction (2003)

Substrate distortions were mapped near pseudomorphically grown SiGe thin film etched lines of various widths from 1.5 to 20 μm on Si(001) and 190 μm diameter Ni dots on Si(111) using reflection x-ray microdiffraction topography. The strain field extended 30–120 times the thickness of the film away from the feature edge. The profile of the enhanced diffracted intensity was found to follow a characteristic curve when the distance from the feature edge is normalized by a mean interaction distance that depends on the feature size. This normalization and the observed strain decay profiles cannot be predicted or modeled using existing micromechanical models.
Long‐term seizure outcome after resective surgery in patients evaluated with intracranial electrodes (2012)

Favorable seizure outcomes are possible in the complex epilepsy population requiring invasive EEG studies. We propose that mislocalization of the epileptogenic zone or its incomplete resection account for early postoperative recurrences, whereas epileptogenesis may lead to later relapses.
Bioenergetics: The Molecular Basis of Biological Energy Transformations (1971)

Bioenergetics: the molecular basis of biological energy transformations , Bioenergetics: the molecular basis of biological energy transformations , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Occupational asthma due to formaldehyde. (1985)

Bronchial provocation studies on 15 workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde are described. The results show that formaldehyde exposure can cause asthmatic reactions, and suggest that these are sometimes due to hypersensitivity and sometimes to a direct irritant effect. Three workers had classical occupational asthma caused by formaldehyde fumes, which was likely to be due to hypersensitivity, with late asthmatic reactions following formaldehyde exposure. Six workers developed immediate asthmatic reactions, which were likely to be due to a direct irritant effect as the reactions were shorter in duration than those seen after soluble allergen exposure and were closely related to histamine reactivity. The breathing zone concentrations of formaldehyde required to elicit these irritant reactions (mean 4.8 mg/m3) were higher than those encountered in buildings recently insulated with urea formaldehyde foam, but within levels sometimes found in industry.
Synthesis and n.m.r. spectra of 2,6- and 2,4-diaryl-3,7-dioxabicyclo-[3.3.0]octanes (1982)

A series of isomeric 2,6- and 2,4-diaryl-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes have been prepared via the corresponding threo, and erythro-dioxo-diesters. Comparison of their 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectra reveals small differences in chemical shifts and coupling constants which could be diagnostic in assigning structures to such compounds. The structure of 4-hydroxysesamin has been confirmed by direct correlation with sesamin.
Mass Casualties from Acute Inhalation of Chlorine Gas (2009)

Chlorine gas is a potent pulmonary irritant that causes acute damage in both the upper and lower respiratory tract. We suggest that inhaled steroids combined with nebulized sodium bicarbonate could be a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of symptomatic patients. Education of the public about the dangers of mixing of hypochlorite bleach with acidic cleaning agents is also very important.
An Approach to Cost-Effective, Robust, Large-Area Electronics using Monolithic Silicon (2007)

We have developed an approach to build large-area electronics from monolithic silicon integrated circuits. The method used deep reactive ion etching to structure a monolithic silicon substrate into a stretchable, two-dimensional, wired network that can be expanded to cover large planar or curved surfaces to realize high-performance, large-area, monolithic silicon electronics in a cost-effective manner. This approach has applications in sensing, smart materials, electronic textile,RFID tag and microconcentrator solar cell manufacturing.
Mode-stabilized separated multiclad layer stripe geometry GaAlAs double heterostructure laser (1980)

A new stripe geometry GaAlAs double heterostructure laser with built-in optical waveguide to stabilize the transverse mode parallel to the junction plane is developed. A novel optical waveguide and internal current confinement structure are realized in the structure. Lasers with strip width 4.7 μm and cavity length 200 μm showed cw threshold currents of 45–70 mA and highly stable transverse and longitudinal single-mode lasing.
Maintaining a free-space-optical communication link between two autonomous mobiles (2014)

Free-Space-Optical (FSO) communication has the potential to not only deliver wireless communication links at optical-level speeds but also solve the wireless capacity problem that the traditional RF based technologies are confronting. Despite its advantages, FSO communication is prone to mobility. The highly directional FSO transceivers require establishment and maintenance of line-of-sight (LOS) between them. Facilitating continuous alignment requirements has been a major concentration of mobile FSO research to date. We consider two autonomous mobile nodes, each with one FSO transceiver mounted on a movable head capable of rotating 360 degrees. We propose a novel scheme that deals with the problem of automatic detection, establishment and maintenance of LOS alignment between the two nodes with mechanical steering of the FSO transceivers. The proposed method shows that using such mechanically steerable transceivers and a simple autoalignment mechanism, it is possible to maintain optical wireless links in a mobile setting with nominal disruption.
Research on intelligent decision-making operation modes in Modern Commerce Service Value Chain Model (2008)

In order to solve the existing problems of current electronic business (e-business) in modern service industry, such as lacking of intelligent decision-making capability and isolated service region, this paper brings us a solution. Firstly, this paper presents a modern commerce service value chain model (MC-SVCM) based on service oriented architecture (SOA) in modern service industry, which can be deployed on the modern service industry operation support system (MOSS). Secondly, for the service of business intelligence component(S-BI) in the MC-SVCM, this paper puts forward a group of intelligent decision-making operation modes, which not only help the buyer and seller (enterprise users) to make intelligent decision, but also calculate the association of service components so as to make optimized service process for MOSS administrators. Finally, the implemented architecture of S-BI is given. It should be noted that, this architecture is not only suitable for modern commerce, but also applicable for other modern services.
Practical agents help out [virtual agent system (2005)

Artificial intelligence probes further into making machines more like humans. Researchers are using technology advances in speech recognition, conversational interactions, decision-making, natural language AI, enhanced data-mining techniques, and emotion to create virtual practical agents. These text, voice, and graphical avatars assist people with various tasks and difficult situations. They can help people better use services, make financial transactions, learn about technology, and even develop interpersonal negotiating skills and cope with stressful situations. Thus virtual agents are improving their ability to identify what we mean when we communicate with them, no matter how we put it.
A Novel Fault Isolation Technique Using Noise Detection and Characterization of Light Emitted From Integrated Circuits (1998)

Abstract This paper describes a new technique for identifying defects on integrated circuit. This technique detects the noise content in light emitted from defect sites. The purpose of this technique is to determine which of many light emission sites represent a defect and which represent normal devices. It reports the first phase of studies to evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of this technique. The feasibility of this technique has been demonstrated by simultaneously monitoring electrical noise and the noise in the light emitted from a gallium arsenide light emission diode (LED) and a bipolar transistor. The paper will present the methodology and apparatus used to detect and analyze the noise in light emission.