gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic Systemic Therapy With Low-dose Morpholino Oligomers Ameliorates the Pathology and Normalizes Locomotor Behavior in mdx Mice (2010)

The administration of antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) to skip one or more exons in mutated forms of the DMD gene and so restore the reading frame of the transcript is one of the most promising approaches to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). At present, preclinical studies demonstrating the efficacy and safety of long-term AO administration have not been conducted. Furthermore, it is essential to determine the minimal effective dose and frequency of administration. In this study, two different low doses (LDs) of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) designed to skip the mutated exon 23 in the mdx dystrophic mouse were administered for up to 12 months. Mice treated for 50 weeks showed a substantial dose-related amelioration of the pathology, particularly in the diaphragm. Moreover, the generalized physical activity was profoundly enhanced compared to untreated mdx mice showing that widespread, albeit partial, dystrophin expression restores the normal activity in mdx mice. Our results show for the first time that a chronic long-term administration of LDs of unmodified PMO, equivalent to doses in use in DMD boys, is safe, significantly ameliorates the muscular dystrophic phenotype and improves the activity of dystrophin-deficient mice, thus encouraging the further clinical translation of this approach in humans.
Up‐regulation of the α‐secretase ADAM10 by retinoic acid receptors and acitretin (2009)

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is often connected with nutritional misbalance, such as enhanced cholesterol intake, deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids, or hypovitaminosis. The alpha-secretase ADAM10 has been found to be regulated by retinoic acid, the bioreactive metabolite of vitamin A. Here we show that retinoids induce gene expression of ADAM10 and alpha-secretase activity by nonpermissive retinoid acid receptor/retinoid X receptor (RAR/RXR) heterodimers, whereby alpha- and beta-isotypes of RAR play a major role. However, ligands of other RXR binding partners, such as the vitamin D receptor, do not stimulate alpha-secretase activity. On the basis of these findings, we examined the effect of synthetic retinoids and found a strong enhancement of nonamyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein by the vitamin A analog acitretin: it stimulated ADAM10 promoter activity with an EC(50) of 1.5 microM and led to an increase of mature ADAM10 protein that resulted in a two- to three-fold increase of the ratio between alpha- and beta-secretase activity in neuroblastoma cells. The alpha-secretase stimulation by acitretin was completely inhibited by the ADAM10-specific inhibitor GI254023X. Intracerebral injection of acitretin in APP/PS1-21 transgenic mice led to a reduction of Abeta(40) and Abeta(42). The results of this study may have clinical relevance because acitretin has been approved for the treatment of psoriasis since 1997 and found generally safe for long-term use in humans.
Training of NNPCR-2: An improved neural network proxy cache replacement strategy (2009)

Proxy servers are designed with three goals: decrease bandwidth, lessen user perceived lag, and reduce loads on origin servers by caching copies of web objects. To achieve these goals an efficient cache replacement technique should be utilized. Squid is a widely used proxy cache software. Squid's default cache replacement strategy is Least Recently Used. While this is a simple approach, it does not necessarily achieve the targeted goals. We use a different approach to address the cache replacement problem by training neural networks to make cache replacement decisions. In this paper we present the many improvements to our Neural Network Proxy Cache Replacement Strategy. We focus on the training of the neural networks and demonstrate the results for the effect of the number of hidden nodes, input node, the sliding window length and the learning rate on the neural network.
Solution plasma: A new reaction field for nanomaterials synthesis (2017)

Solution plasma is a new electrical discharge process where an atmospheric non-equilibrium plasma is generated, usually at room temperature, in a liquid environment, such as an aqueous solution or an organic compound. There are a large variety of combinations used in experiments among solutions, electrode materials, plasma configurations, volumes, and reactor geometries, as well as the characteristics of the power supply. The solution plasma process (SPP) combines gas discharge physics, fluid thermodynamic properties, and fluid interfaces reactions. In SPP, nanoparticles with various sizes, shapes, crystallinities, and compositions could be obtained. The synthesis of carbon and hetero-carbon nanomaterials proves that SPP is an efficient and rapid method for their production. The polymerization of benzene in SPP can form graphene. By simply changing the organic precursor, carbon-doped nanostructures can be synthesized with a controlled composition. This review demonstrates that SPP is a new reaction field for nanomaterial production.
Increased heating efficiency of hyperthermia using an ultrasound contrast agent: A phantom study (1998)

It is known that there are large temperature elevations in proximity to air bubbles during US (ultrasound) heating. The existence of tiny air bubbles in the target tissue may enhance the temperature elevation in US hyperthermia. To examine this hypothesis, phantom tissue experiments using an US contrast agent consisting of tiny air bubbles surrounded by a 5% (w/v) human albumin shell (Alb) were performed. As a phantom tissue, a 2 cm cube of beef was used. The phantom tissue was heated with or without the US contrast agent by an US hyperthermia device for 3 min. The heating device was operated at 1.5 MHz with the US intensity of 0.9 W/cm2. Physiological saline solution, iodized oil, and ethanol were used for control experiments. The effect of multiple needle punctures to the beef phantom was also examined. The temperature elevation rate (TER) was defined as the ratio of temperature elevation by heating with Alb or control materials to the temperature elevation by US heating alone. The TER of Alb was 1.7, whereas the TERs of the control materials and of the multiple needle punctures were approximately 1. The administration of Alb significantly increased the temperature in US hyperthermia. In addition, the heating efficiency of Alb was compared to the effect of an increase in the US intensity. Phantom tissue was heated at various US intensities. When the US intensity was increased from 0.9 to 1.8 W/cm2, the temperature elevated by approximately 1.7-fold. Thus, the effect of the administration of Alb was almost equivalent to the effect of increase in US power intensities from 0.9 to 1.8 W/cm2 in the present experimental settings. The results suggest that the US contrast agent can be a potential enhancer in US hyperthermia.
Microbolometer Spectrometer: Applications and Technology (2006)

Current Thermal Infra Red (7.14 µm) multispectral imager instruments use cryogenically cooled Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT or HgCdTe) detectors. Now due to the increased performance of uncooled microbolometer arrays, the next generation of instruments can be designed without cryogenic cooling. TNO TPD has designed a spectrometer called the Micro Bolometer Spectrometer (MIBS), that is able to provide co-registered images in the 7 to 14 µm wavelength region with an acceptable NETD performance on the basis of currently available detectors. Apart from space based multispectral imaging, the concept can also be used for several other applications, for example, CO2 monitoring through the broader spectral response. The removal of the standard highpass filter of the bolometer detector allows imaging in both the 3 to 5 and 7 to 14 µm atmospheric windows at the same time in a co-registered fashion. Applications include forest fire detection, military reconnaissance and, wideband flame analysis (NOx detection in industrial ovens).
Topical Metronidazole Does Not Abate UVB-Induced Erythema (2001)

In our vehicle, metronidazole 1% cream failed to abate the UVB-induced erythema. An activity other than the anti-inflammatory one should be suggested to explain the topical metronidazole efficacy in rosacea.
Pairwise Tensor Factorization for learning new facts in Knowledge Bases (2013)

Knowledge bases provide with the benet of organizing knowledge in the relational form but suer from incompleteness of new entities and relationships. Prior work on relation extraction has been focused on supervised learning techniques which are quite expensive. An alternative approach based on distant supervision has been of signicant interest where one aligns database records with sentences of these records. A new line of work on embeddings of symbolic representations [2] has shown promise. We introduce a Matrix trifactorization model which can nd missing information in knowledge bases. Experiments show that we are able to query and nd missing information from text and shows improvement over existing methods.
Accumulation and Interconversion of Amino Acids in Rice Roots under Anoxia (1988)

In excised rice roots, anaerobic degradation of proteins gave rise to an increase of free-amino acids. Anoxic accumulation of alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid and proline was the consequence of the interconversion of glutamate, aspartate and amides. The shift in the composition of the amino acid pool appears to be caused by changes in keto acid levels. The role of reactions involved in amino acid interconversion and the physiological significance of these interconversions are considered and discussed.
Natural killer cells remember: An evolutionary bridge between innate and adaptive immunity? (2009)

Since their discovery three decades ago, NK cells have been classified as cells of the innate immune system. NK cells were shown to respond rapidly and non-specifically to infection, and were thought to act as a functional "bridge" to sustain the early innate immune response until the later adaptive immune responses could be mounted. In light of new findings showing how NK cells possess nearly all of the features of adaptive immunity including memory, we propose the placement of NK cells as an "evolutionary bridge" between innate and adaptive immunity.
Isolation of Carboxylic Acids from Aqueous Solutions by Extraction with Dialkylcarboxylic Amides/Trialkylamines (1999)

In many selective partial oxidation processes carboxylic acids frequently occur as diluted aqueous solutions. For further use in industrial production processes these carboxylic acids are isolated and concentrated by extraction. As against conventional extractants, such as alcohols, ketones, esters or ethers, combined extraction systems where the solvent contains an additive, e.g., higher alkylamines, show an improved extraction performance. The authors report on different mixtures of N,N-disubstituted alkylamides and tri-n-alkylamines which were used and evaluated for the extraction of acetic and lactic acid as representatives of the carboxylic/hydrocarboxylic acids.
Application of Electrooculography to estimate word count while reading text (2016)

In the process of reading evaluation, eye movement analysis plays an important role. This work proposes a human computer interactive system to assist children with reading disabilities to improve their reading by the analysis of eye movements. Here a system to track how many words a user reads is presented based on electrooculography technique. A laboratory developed Electrooculogram acquisition system has been used for recording the eye movements. A simple scheme is implemented to detect the words and new lines from eye movements and then count the total numbers read by the user. Results from a group of 10 volunteers show that this work successfully counts the number of words as well as the number of lines while reading a document. The results of this work are validated on ten healthy individuals. However, as the results reveal, the proposed system may be used to train and assist dyslexic or other reading disabled children.
Window join approximation over data streams with importance semantics (2006)

Load shedding techniques generate approximate sliding window join results when memory constraints prevent exact computation. The previously proposed random load shedding method drops input tuples without consideration for the number of outputs created, while the recently proposed semantic load shedding technique aims to produce the largest possible result set. We consider a new model in which data stream tuples contain numerical importance values relevant to the query source and seek to maximize the importance of the approximate join result. We show that both random load shedding and semantic load shedding are sub-optimal in this situation, while the techniques presented in this paper satisfy the objective function by considering both tuple importance and join attribute distributions. We extend the existing offline semantic approximation technique to make it compatible with our objective function and show that it is less space and time efficient than our new optimal offline algorithm for small and large join memory allotments. We also introduce four efficient online algorithms, which are quite promising in maximizing the importance of the approximate join result without foreknowledge of input streams.
Concentric Sliders to Display Partial Satisfaction of Query Criteria (2011)

This paper describes a new approach called concentric planar slider to visually build queries and to pilot a data view. The purpose of this approach is to go beyond the binary satisfaction of the query criteria(satisfied vs. not satisfied). This UI control helps the user to know to what extent the dataset elements satisfy them. Two interactive sliders are combined in a planar setting. This plane is split into concentric zones that are associated to decreasing degrees of satisfaction of the query criteria. Various (potentially asymmetric) rules can be defined to express the non-satisfaction of a given criterion. These theoretical concepts have been implemented in a prototype whose main features are also described.
Low-Complexity Modem Design for GFDM (2015)

Due to its attractive properties, generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is recently being discussed as a candidate waveform for the fifth generation of wireless communication systems (5G). GFDM is introduced as a generalized form of the widely used orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme and since it uses only one cyclic prefix (CP) for a group of symbols rather than a CP per symbol, it is more bandwidth efficient than OFDM. In this paper, we propose novel modem structures for GFDM by taking advantage of the particular structure in the modulation matrix. Our proposed transmitter is based on modulation matrix sparsification through application of fast Fourier transform (FFT) to reduce the implementation complexity. A unified demodulator structure for matched filter (MF), zero forcing (ZF), and minimum mean square error (MMSE) receivers is also derived. The proposed demodulation techniques harness the special block circulant property of the matrices involved in the demodulation stage to reduce the computational cost of the system implementation. We have derived the closed forms for the ZF and MMSE receiver filters. Additionally, our algorithms do not incur any performance loss as they maintain the optimal performance. The computational costs of our proposed techniques are analyzed in detail and are compared with the existing solutions that are known to have the lowest complexity. It is shown that through application of our structures a substantial amount of computational complexity reduction can be achieved.
Correction masks for thickness uniformity in large-area thin films (2000)

Experimental results from the emission of vapor sources are considered in designing correcting diaphragms to achieve a uniform thickness distribution during evaporation of thin films mounted on large-area substrate holders, in different geometric configurations.
From Selenium to Selenoproteins: Synthesis, Identity, and Their Role in Human Health (2007)

The requirement of the trace element selenium for life and its beneficial role in human health has been known for several decades. This is attributed to low molecular weight selenium compounds, as well as to its presence within at least 25 proteins, named selenoproteins, in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Incorporation of Sec into selenoproteins employs a unique mechanism that involves decoding of the UGA codon. This process requires multiple features such as the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) element and several protein factors including a specific elongation factor EFSec and the SECIS binding protein 2, SBP2. The function of most selenoproteins is currently unknown; however, thioredoxin reductases (TrxR), glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and thyroid hormone deiodinases (DIO) are well characterised selenoproteins involved in redox regulation of intracellular signalling, redox homeostasis and thyroid hormone metabolism. Recent evidence points to a role for selenium compounds as well as selenoproteins in the prevention of some forms of cancer. A number of clinical trials are either underway or being planned to examine the effects of selenium on cancer incidence. In this review we describe some of the recent progress in our understanding of the mechanism of selenoprotein synthesis, the role of selenoproteins in human health and disease and the therapeutic potential of some of these proteins.
Digital Light Synthesis 3D Printer (2021)

3D Printing technology, also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM), refers to processes used to generate a 3D object in which layers of material are successively formed under a computer controlled program to create a physical object. The 3D file source is usually sliced into several layers, each layer generating a set of computer controlled instructions. Both 3D printing and additive manufacturing reflect that the technologies share the theme of sequentiallayer material addition or joining throughout a 3D work. Yet, the technology used by most 3D printers since the 2010's, especially by hobbyist and consumer-oriented products, is Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), also known as material extrusion or the proprietary Stratasys denomination's Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). FDM was patented in 1989 by S. Scott Crump just before he launched the Stratasys company with his wife, Lisa Crump.
Manipulation of deformable objects without modeling and simulating deformation (2013)

We present a method to manipulate deformable objects that does not require modeling and simulating deformation. Our method is based on the concept of diminishing rigidity, which we use to quickly compute an approximation to the Jacobian of the deformable object. This Jacobian is used to drive the points within the deformable object towards a set of targets. However, this Jacobian alone is insufficient to avoid stretching the object beyond its allowed length and to avoid gripper collision with obstacles. Thus a key part of our approach is incorporating techniques to avoid collision and excessive stretching. Our experiments show how to perform several interesting tasks for one and two-dimensional deformable objects using our method. They also show how the method can be applied to collaborative tasks, where the robot and a user simultaneously manipulate the deformable object. Our experiments are conducted in simulation but we emphasize that our method does not have access to the model of the deformable object used by the simulator, although we assume we are able to sense the geometry of the object. While our method is local, we find that it is quite versatile in the range of tasks it can perform, especially since it has no knowledge of the model of the deformable object.
Crop‐Specific Thermal Kinetic Windows in Relation to Wheat and Cotton Biomass Production (1988)

Abstract Plant phenology and yield predictions require precise knowledge of crop‐weather relationships. The objective of this research is to identify an inherent biochemical trait that may provide a useful index to link the physical parameters of the environment with the plant biochemistry. We define the term thermal kinetic window as the range of plant temperatures at which the apparent Michaelis constant, Km, is at or below 200% of the minimum observed value. For example, the thermal kinetic window of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) glyoxylate reductase for NADH is between 17.5 and 23°C, and the thermal kinetic window for cotton ( Gossypium hirustum L.) is between 23.5 and 32°C. A linear relationship between the time that foliage temperatures were within their thremal kinetic window and plant biomass production was obtained for both wheat and cotton. Wheat and cotton were within their thermal kinetic windows less than 30% of the season, suggesting that approximately 70% of the growing season is available for increasing crop production either through changes in management practices or genetics. Measurements of foliage temperatures coupled with enzyme kinetics provide a unique description of the biological‐physical interactions.
Local Laplacian filters (2015)

The Laplacian pyramid is ubiquitous for decomposing images into multiple scales and is widely used for image analysis. However, because it is constructed with spatially invariant Gaussian kernels, the Laplacian pyramid is widely believed to be ill-suited for representing edges, as well as for edge-aware operations such as edge-preserving smoothing and tone mapping. To tackle these tasks, a wealth of alternative techniques and representations have been proposed, for example, anisotropic diffusion, neighborhood filtering, and specialized wavelet bases. While these methods have demonstrated successful results, they come at the price of additional complexity, often accompanied by higher computational cost or the need to postprocess the generated results. In this paper, we show state-of-the-art edge-aware processing using standard Laplacian pyramids. We characterize edges with a simple threshold on pixel values that allow us to differentiate large-scale edges from small-scale details. Building upon this result, we propose a set of image filters to achieve edge-preserving smoothing, detail enhancement, tone mapping, and inverse tone mapping. The advantage of our approach is its simplicity and flexibility, relying only on simple point-wise nonlinearities and small Gaussian convolutions; no optimization or postprocessing is required. As we demonstrate, our method produces consistently high-quality results, without degrading edges or introducing halos.
A Performance Evaluation of the DASH Message-Passing System (1988)

DASH is a distributed operating system kernel. Message-passing (MP) is used for local communication, and the MP system uses virtual memory remapping instead of software copying for moving large amounts of data between virtual address spaces. This design eliminates a bottleneck in high-performance communication, and increases the feasibility of moving services such as file services into user spaces. Other systems that have used VM remapping for message transfer have suffered from high per-operation overhead, limiting the use of the technique. The DASH design is intended to reduce this overhead. To evaluate our design, we measured the performance of the DASH kernel implementation on Sun 3/50 workstations. Our throughput measurements show that large messages can be moved between user spaces at a rate of more than 30 MB/sec, an order of magnitude higher than with software copying. Furthermore, the per-operation overhead is low, so performance for small messages is not sacrificed. To further understand the performance of the DASH MP system, we then broke an MP operation into short code segments and timed them with microsecond precision. The results show the relative costs of data movement and the other components of MP operations, and allow us to evaluate several specific design decisions.