gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>LONGIFOLIA1</i>and<i>LONGIFOLIA2</i>, two homologous genes,regulate longitudinal cell elongation in<i>Arabidopsis</i> (2006)

Plants have diversified their leaf morphologies to adapt to diverse ecological niches. The molecular components responsible for regulating leaf morphology, however, have not been fully elucidated. By screening Arabidopsis activation-tagging lines, we identified a dominant mutant, which we designated longifolia1-1D (lng1-1D). lng1-1D plants were characterized by long petioles, narrow but extremely long leaf blades with serrated margins, elongated floral organs, and elongated siliques. The elongated leaves of the mutant were due to increased polar cell elongation rather than increased cell proliferation. Molecular characterization revealed that this phenotype was caused by overexpression of the novel gene LNG1, which was found to have a homolog, LNG2,in Arabidopsis. To further examine the role of the LNG genes, we characterized lng1 and lng2 loss-of-function mutant lines. In contrast to the elongated leaves of lng1-1D plants, the lng1 and lng2 mutants showed slightly decreased leaf length. Furthermore, the lng1-3 lng2-1 double mutant showed further decreased leaf length associated with less longitudinal polar cell elongation. The leaf widths in lng1-3 lng2-1 mutant plants were similar to those in wild type, implying that the role of LNG1 and LNG2 on polar cell elongation is similar to that of ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3). However, analysis of a lng1-3 lng2-1 rot3-1 triple mutant and of a lng1-1D rot3-1 double mutant indicated that LNG1 and LNG2 promote longitudinal cell elongation independently of ROT3. Taken together, these findings indicate that LNG1 and LNG2 are new components that regulate leaf morphology by positively promoting longitudinal polar cell elongation independently of ROT3 in Arabidopsis.
Coordinate Expression of Anticoagulant Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and Serine Protease Inhibitors in the Rat Ovary: A Potent System of Proteolysis Control1 (2002)

During the reproductive cycle, ovarian follicles undergo major tissue-remodeling involving vascular changes and proteolysis. Anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycans (aHSPGs) are expressed by granulosa cells during the development of the ovarian follicle. The function of aHSPGs in the ovary is unknown, but they might be involved in proteolysis control through binding and activation of serine protease inhibitors. To identify functional interactions between aHSPGs and heparin-binding protease inhibitors in the follicle, we have coordinately localized aHSPGs, antithrombin III, protease nexin-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the rat ovary during natural and gonadotropin-stimulated cycles. Anticoagulant HSPGs were visualized by autoradiography of cryosections incubated with 125I-antithrombin III, and protease inhibitors were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Northern blot hybridization. Anticoagulant HSPGs were expressed in follicles before ovulation, were transiently decreased in postovulatory follicles, and were abundant in the corpus luteum, mainly on capillaries. Anticoagulant HSPGs were colocalized with protease nexin-1 in follicles from the early antral stage until ovulation, with antithrombin III in the preovulatory stage and after ovulation, and with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the corpus luteum. These data demonstrate that aHSPGs are critically expressed in the ovary to interact sequentially with protease nexin-1, antithrombin III, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 during the cycle. The specificity of these inhibitors is shifted toward thrombin inhibition in the presence of heparin, suggesting that aHSPGs direct their action to control fibrin deposition in the follicle. The occupation of aHSPGs antithrombin-binding sites by mutant R393C antithrombin III, injected in the ovarian bursa, decreased ovulation efficiency, further supporting the involvement of aHSPGs in the ovulation process.
Humidity control and hydrophilic glue coating applied to mounted protein crystals improves X-ray diffraction experiments (2013)

Protein crystals are fragile, and it is sometimes difficult to find conditions suitable for handling and cryocooling the crystals before conducting X-ray diffraction experiments. To overcome this issue, a protein crystal-mounting method has been developed that involves a water-soluble polymer and controlled humid air that can adjust the moisture content of a mounted crystal. By coating crystals with polymer glue and exposing them to controlled humid air, the crystals were stable at room temperature and were cryocooled under optimized humidity. Moreover, the glue-coated crystals reproducibly showed gradual transformations of their lattice constants in response to a change in humidity; thus, using this method, a series of isomorphous crystals can be prepared. This technique is valuable when working on fragile protein crystals, including membrane proteins, and will also be useful for multi-crystal data collection.
Estimate of Mercury Emissions to the Atmosphere from Petroleum (2001)

An estimate of the contribution of mercury to the atmospheric environment from petroleum processed in the United States is constructed from recent data. The estimate is based on a mass balance approach for mercury in crude oil, in refined products, and in waste streams (air, water, solid waste) from refineries. Although there are insufficient data at present to have a high degree of confidence in the mean amount and range of mercury concentrations in crude oil or in refined products, the framework of the estimate should assist direction for the acquisition of additional data. On the basis of selected data that put the estimated mean concentration of total mercury in crude oil close to 10 ppb, it is calculated that the total amount of mercury in U.S. petroleum processed yearly is slightly over 8000 kg/yr. Of this amount, approximately 6000 kg/yr is estimated to be emitted to the atmosphere from combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, which represents about 10% of the U.S. yearly emission rate of atmospheric mercury from coal combustion. The material balance predicts that the amount of mercury in air emissions from all U.S. refineries is on the order of 1500 kg/yr based on the assumption that fugitive mercury emissions from refineries are negligible. Atmospheric emissions of mercury from fuel oil burned in the United States are estimated in the U.S. EPA Mercury Report to Congress to be approximately 10000 kg/yr, and this estimate may be in error on the high side by a factor of 3-10. If the mean amounts of mercury in U.S. distillate and residual fuel oils are in the range of 5-15 ppb, as suggested by more recent data, then U.S. fuel oil combustion should contribute no more that about 1000-3000 kg/yr (emission ratio = 1) of mercury to the atmospheric burden.
Radar-Based Near Distance Sensing Device for Automotive Applications (1999)

This paper presents a near distance radar sensing device that has multi-functional capabilities. The technical requirements for near- term driver assistant functions are discussed. The required system architecture to handle those applications is described. The system is assessed for its performance and limits
RBP4: a controversial adipokine (2011)

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ secreting biologically active factors called adipokines that act on both local and distant tissues. Adipokines have an important role in the development of obesity-related comorbidities not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a recently identified adipokine suggested to link obesity with its comorbidities, especially insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and certain components of the metabolic syndrome. However, data, especially resulting from the clinical studies, are conflicting. In this review, we summarize up-to-date knowledge on RBP4's role in obesity, development of insulin resistance, and T2D. Special attention is given to studies on children and adolescents. We also discuss the role of possible confounding factors that should be taken into account when critically evaluating published studies or planning new studies on this exciting adipokine.
Photochromism and Thermochromism of some Spirooxazines and Naphthopyrans in the Solid State and in Polymeric Film (2010)

In this work the photochromic behaviors of four Reversacol compounds from James Robinson Ltd., previously investigated in solution, have been studied in a microcrystalline solid phase and embedded in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix (PMMA). The compounds studied belong to the classes of spirooxazines and naphthopyrans. In solution, they showed photocoloration and thermocoloration. Embedded into polymeric films, as well as in the microcrystalline phase, they have maintained their photochromic and thermochromic behavior. The photocoloration quantum yields in PMMA were determined and found to be fairly high. Compared to solution, the kinetic and thermodynamic activation parameters of thermal bleaching significantly changed. The solid environment has the effect of slowing down the bleaching rates in films as well in the pure crystalline phase and introduces multiexponential terms in the photocoloration and thermal bleaching kinetics. Activation enthalpy and entropy decrease, compared to solution, leaving the activation free energy substantially unchanged. Thermochromism was characterized through the equilibrium constant and the thermodynamic standard parameters, ΔH0, ΔS0, and ΔG0, of the thermal reactions. Time-dependent processes were also analyzed according to the maximum entropy method (MEM). Based on the data from the least-squares and MEM treatments, the occurrence of multiexponential kinetics in polymers was attributed to the effects of the inhomogeneous distribution of free volume in the matrix.
RPI-BLENDER TAC-KBP2013 Knowledge Base Population System (2013)

This year the RPI-BLENDER team participated in the following four tasks: English Entity Linking, Regular Slot Filling, Temporal Slot Filling and Slot Filling Validation. The major improvement was made for Regular Slot Filling and Slot Filling validation. We developed a fresh system for both tasks. Our approach embraces detailed linguistic analysis and knowledge discovery, and advanced knowledge graph construction and truth-finding algorithms.
Collinear acoustical TM-TE mode conversion in proton exchanged Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide structures (1988)

Collinear acoustooptic TM-TE mode conversion is experimentally investigated in proton exchanged Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical waveguides. Their birefringence is adjusted by an appropriate annealing to allow phase matching at surface acoustic wave frequencies of about 90 MHz and 180 MHz, respectively. A planar mode converter with an efficiency of up to 90 percent is presented (87 MHz, 175 MHz). Furthermore, a combined acoustical/optical strip waveguide structure is developed as mode converter, leading to strongly reduced power requirements; only 0.3-mW acoustic power is sufficient to achieve a conversion efficiency of 50 percent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tolyl-specific IgE antibodies in workers with hypersensitivity to toluene diisocyanate (1978)

Incorporation of a p-tolyl (mono) isocyanate-human serum albumin (TMI-HSA) antigen conjugate into a solid phase radioimmunoassay permitted detection of tolyl-specific IgE antibodies in 3 of 4 workers with clinical hypersensitivity to toluene diisocyanate (TDI). By comparison, 19 TDI-exposed, non-sensitized workers had antibody titers similar to those found in normal adults. High titers of tolyl-specific IgE antibodies were not correlated with high levels of total serum IgE. Use of the monofunctional isocyanate in place of TDI in antigen preparation prevented cross-linking of antigen protein, an effect usually associated with TDI, and also assured that tolyl groups were sterically exposed. TMI-HSA antigens may prove beneficial in serological or cutaneous evaluation of TDI-sensitized workers.
A Data Mode l for Integrating GIS and BIM for Assessment a nd 3D Visualisation of Flood Damage to Building (2015)

Floo d Damage Assessment (FDA) is a key component in modern risk management frameworks providing an effective basis for decision making and the treatment of the risks. Current FDA methods do not consider the distinctiveness of buildings in analysis and therefore, cannot analyse them on a case-by-case basis, which is necessary for a variety of applications like engineering and design evaluation. This is mainly due to the limited input data used in these methods. The information required for such micro-level FDA analysis includes on one hand, complete building information (well-represented in BIM) and on the other hand, flood information that is commonly managed by GIS. While the independent use of BIM and GIS cannot satisfy all the information requirements for detailed FDA, their integration can potentially be used for this purpose. However, existing integration methods are application-specific and their adoption for FDA is challenging. This paper presents a method for BIM-GIS integration to support the requirements of a detailed assessment and 3D visualisation of flood damage to buildings. The data modelling cycle was used to design a new data model as a profile of GML for this purpose. The model was evaluated using a case study and found effective to satisfy the required criteria for micro-level FDA.
Frequent abnormalities of FHIT, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, in head and neck cancer cell lines. (1996)

Loss of heterozygosity at the short arm of chromosome 3 occurs frequently in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). FHIT, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, was recently identified at 3p14.2, and abnormalities of the gene were found in several types of human cancers. To investigate a potential role of the FHIT gene in HNSCC, we examined 16 HNSCC cell lines from 11 patients for abnormalities of the gene by using microsatellite analysis, reverse transcription-PCR, sequencing, and Southern blot analysis. We found that 13 of 16 (81%) cell lines exhibit loss of heterozygosity at 3p14.2. Seven cell lines from six individuals exhibited abnormal transcription patterns, including lack of a FHIT transcript in three lines and shortened transcripts in four lines. A further examination of coding sequences of FHIT in all lines with FHIT transcripts revealed a deletion of exon 4 in one line, a deletion of exons 5 to 7 in one line, and a deletion of exons 5 to 7 plus multiple small insertions between exons 4 and 8 in two lines derived from a primary tumor and a metastasis in the same individual. These results indicate that FHIT may have been inactivated in six cell lines from five (45%) individuals. We also observed two common polymorphism sites at codons 88 and 98 of the gene. These data indicate that abnormal transcription of the FHIT gene is common in HNSCC cell lines; however, other tumor suppressor gene(s) may reside at the same chromosomal region.
Flexible Mid-infrared Aluminium Nitride Waveguides for Real-time and Label-Free Chemical Sensing (2017)

Chip-scale chemical sensors were demonstrated using mid-Infrared aluminum nitride waveguides and flexible substrates. Real-time detection of ethanol and water was conducted by measuring waveguide light at λ=2.7 μm corresponding to characteristic -OH absorption.
Microfluidic-based real-time detector for fine particulate matter (2014)

Monitoring particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm diameter (PM2.5) is important as the exposure to PM2.5 is linked to increased mortality and morbidity. We demonstrate a real-time PM2.5 detector consisting of an inertial microfluidic impactor that removes large aerosol particles from an air sample and an integrated light-scattering optical particle counter. The impactor is designed for a cut-off particle diameter of 2.5 μm. The low-cost detection system shows good correlation with a commercial aerodynamic particle sizer within 1 minute sampling intervals, suitable for real-time personal exposure monitoring.
Characterization of the IgE Fc receptors on monocytes and macrophages. (1983)

Subpopulations of human monocytes (15%) and alveolar macrophages (AM phi, 8%) and rat and mouse AM phi (89%) and peritoneal M phi (57%) bear Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R) as shown by IgE-specific rosette formation. Cells from M phi-like cell lines of human, rat, and mouse origins also express Fc epsilon R. Monomeric IgE binds to Fc epsilon R on M phi with an equilibrium association constant Ka congruent to 10(7) M-1. The Fc epsilon R on human monocytes and M phi are antigenically similar to Fc epsilon R on lymphocytes but differ from Fc epsilon R on basophilic granulocytes. The Fc epsilon R on human and mouse M phi promote phagocytosis and lysis of IgE-coated erythrocytes. Patients with active IgE-mediated allergic diseases have elevated percentages of Fc epsilon R(+) monocytes (56%) that show allergic increased lytic activity against IgE-coated erythrocytes as compared to monocytes from normal humans. M phi from rats infested with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis parasites express more Fc epsilon R than normal M phi. The data indicate that Fc epsilon R expressed on M phi differ from those on mast cells and basophils, increase in number during IgE immune responses, and are likely to play an important role in the host's defense against parasites and in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases.
Constant Power Loads (CPL) with Microgrids: Problem Definition, Stability Analysis and Compensation Techniques (2017)

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the major concepts associated with the μgrid, such as constant power load (CPL), incremental negative resistance or impedance (INR/I) and its dynamic behaviours on the μgrid, and power system distribution (PSD). In general, a μgrid is defined as a cluster of different types of electrical loads and renewable energy sources (distributed generations) under a unified controller within a certain local area. It is considered a perfect solution to integrate renewable energy sources with loads as well as with a traditional grid. In addition, it can operate with a conventional grid, for example, by energy sourcing or a controllable load, or it can operate alone as an islanding mode to feed required electric energy to a grid. Hence, one of the important issues regarding the μgrid is the constant power load that results from the tightly designed control when it is applied to power electronic converters. The effect of CPL is incremental negative resistance that impacts the power quality of a power system and makes it at negative damping. Also, in this paper, a comprehensive study on major control and compensation techniques for μgrid has been included to face the instability effects of constant power loads. Finally, the merits and limitations of the compensation techniques are discussed.
Development of high-count and high-density multi-layer cotton elastic fabric (2009)

The production of high count and high density multi-layer cotton elastic fabric with peach-like style is introduced.The key processes include carbon brush to obtain soft fabric with a layer of delicate surface of the short rows,air flow dyeing with reactive dyes to obtain level dyeing,dye penetration,as well as good fastness properties of dyed goods,cellulase treatment to obtain soft and comfortable handle,and softening drying to further enhance soft and bulky performances.
Wideband two-port beam splitter of a binary fused-silica phase grating (2008)

The usual beam splitter of multilayer-coated film with a wideband spectrum is not easy to achieve. We describe the realization of a wideband transmission two-port beam splitter based on a binary fused-silica phase grating. To achieve high efficiency and equality in the diffracted 0th and -1st orders, the grating profile parameters are optimized using rigorous coupled-wave analysis at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Holographic recording and the inductively coupled plasma dry etching technique are used to fabricate the fused-silica beam splitter grating. The measured efficiency of (45% x 2) = 90% diffracted into the both orders can be obtained with the fabricated grating under Littrow mounting. The physical mechanism of such a wideband two-port beam splitter grating can be well explained by the modal method based on two-beam interference of the modes excited by the incident wave. With the high damage threshold, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and wideband high efficiency, the presented beam splitter etched in fused silica should be a useful optical element for a variety of practical applications.
Enabling Content-Based Load Distribution for Scalable Services (2002)

We argue that using information content of individual client requests to distribute load across a cluster of workstations or PCs has many attractive properties, and describe how current Internet standards make content-based load distribution difficult. We discuss several approaches to achieve content-based load distribution for large scalable services such as WWW servers. We illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches and introduce one method, connection hand-off, which enables content-based load distribution. We describe a small backwards-compatible extension to the TCP protocol to allow connection hand-off and outline the OS implementation required. 1 Introduction Networked information systems have seen explosive growth in the last few years. The information available via the global information infrastructure is growing rapidly as text-only information sources are augmented with voice, video and still image data. This growth places increasing demands on large sc...
Garbage monitoring system using IoT (2017)

Nowadays certain actions are taken to improve the level of cleanliness in the country. People are getting more active in doing all the things possible to clean their surroundings. Various movements are also started by the government to increase cleanliness. We will try to build a system which will notify the corporations to empty the bin on time. In this system, we will put a sensor on top of the garbage bin which will detect the total level of garbage inside it according to the total size of the bin. When the garbage will reach the maximum level, a notification will be sent to the corporation's office, then the employees can take further actions to empty the bin. This system will help in cleaning the city in a better way. By using this system people do not have to check all the systems manually but they will get a notification when the bin will get filled.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Detection of African Trypanosomes (2003)

While PCR is a method of choice for the detection of African trypanosomes in both humans and animals, the expense of this method negates its use as a diagnostic method for the detection of endemic trypanosomiasis in African countries. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction is a method that amplifies DNA with high specificity, efficiency, and rapidity under isothermal conditions with only simple incubators. An added advantage of LAMP over PCR-based methods is that DNA amplification can be monitored spectrophotometrically and/or with the naked eye without the use of dyes. Here we report our conditions for a highly sensitive, specific, and easy diagnostic assay based on LAMP technology for the detection of parasites in the Trypanosoma brucei group (including T. brucei brucei, T. brucei gambiense, T. brucei rhodesiense, and T. evansi) and T. congolense. We show that the sensitivity of the LAMP-based method for detection of trypanosomes in vitro is up to 100 times higher than that of PCR-based methods. In vivo studies in mice infected with human-infective T. brucei gambiense further highlight the potential clinical importance of LAMP as a diagnostic tool for the identification of African trypanosomiasis.