gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Very high efficiency V-band power InP HEMT MMICs (2000)

State-of-the-art power performance of a V-band InP HEMT MMIC is reported using a slot via process for reducing source inductance and a fully selective gate recess process for uniformity and high yield. The 0.1 μm gate length, high performance InGaAs/InAlAs/InP HEMTs that were utilized in the circuit exhibited a maximum power density of 530 mW/mm, power added efficiency of 39%, and a gain of 7.1 dB. At 60 GHz, a single-stage monolithic power amplifier achieved an output power of 224 mW with a PAE of 43%. The associated gain was 7.5 dB. These results are the best combination of output power and efficiency reported for an InP device and a MMIC at V-band, and clearly demonstrates the potential of the InP HEMT technology for very high efficiency, millimeter wave power applications.
Resistance to Beet Armyworm, Hemipterans, and Liriomyza spp. in Lycopersicon Accessions (1993)

Accessions of Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme (Dun.) A. Gray (cer) and L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill. (pimp), sustained significantly less damage to fruit by beet armyworm [Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner)] than standard cultivars and breeding lines of L. esculentum Mill. (esc) under natural infestations in 1990 and 1991 in southern California. The dwarf vine cherry cultivar Tiny Tim also sustained less damage than the standards. Accessions of esc with various monogenic mutations sustained at least as much beet armyworm damage as did standard cultivars. The percentage of fruit damaged was significantly correlated with vine weight, weight per fruit, number of fruit, and the fruit-foliage weight ratio (Pearson's coefficients, respectively: -0.533, 0.450, -0.483, 0.390, n = 37). In laboratory assays, survival of beet armyworm was significantly lower (5% of susceptible& growth rates were significantly lower, and development time was significantly longer on the fruit of resistant `Tiny Tim' and LA 1320 cer than the fruit of 11 other test lines. There were no substantial differences in beet armyworm survival on the foliage of the test lines. In the field trials, there were also significant differences among the test lines in damage by Liriomyza species and hemipteran pests. Lines with genes for increased densities of nonglandular leaf trichomes (especially LA 1663) were generally less damaged by Liriomyza than other lines. Damage by hemipterans was correlated with vine and fruit size, fruit count, and fruit-foliage weight ratio in 1991, but high intraseason variability prevented clear identification of test lines resistant to these pests.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR INSTRUMENT MEASURES BLOOD VOLUME (1962)

A method for determining the blood volume to within 21% in less than 15 min is described which uses be instrument Volumetron. The method is based on the dilution principle; a radiotracer such as I/sup 131/ or Cr/sup 51/ is counted and injected, and after 10 min a sample of the blood is withdrawn for counting. The Volumetron computes the blood volume automatically. (D.L.C.)
A Survey of Low-power Techniques for Liquid Crystal Display Systems with Light Emitting Diode Backlight Units (2011)

AbstractAs the technology evolves, end-users are stuffed with many kinds of handheld devices along with an enor-mous number of interactive multimedia applications and communication functionalities. These devices con-sume much power, especially for displaying their services or functions. In contrast, the battery, which is the main power supplier for such devices, has a much lower capacity growth compared to the power demands. This gap has inspired many researchers to study low-power display techniques. In the mean time, there came the invention of a light emitting diode (LED) as a new backlight source for a display panel. LEDs have been adopted in the most widely used Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) system. This paper focuses on recent noticeable low-power display techniques based on LCD systems, especially associated with an LED back-light unit as its light source. We categorize these techniques into four groups: 1) low-power techniques with backlight dimming, 2) low-power techniques with dynamic voltage sca...
Sensitive Plasma Protein Analysis by Microparticle-based Proximity Ligation Assays (2009)

Detection of proteins released in the bloodstream from tissues damaged by disease can promote early detection of pathological conditions, differential diagnostics, and follow-up of therapy. Despite these prospects and a plethora of candidate biomarkers, efforts in recent years to establish new protein diagnostic assays have met with limited success. One important limiting factor has been the challenge of detecting proteins present at trace levels in complex bodily fluids. To achieve robust, sensitive, and specific detection, we have developed a microparticle-based solid-phase proximity ligation assay, dependent on simultaneous recognition of target proteins by three antibody molecules for added specificity. After capture on a microparticle, solid-phase pairs of proximity probes are added followed by washes, enabling detection and identification of rare protein molecules in blood while consuming small amounts of sample. We demonstrate that single polyclonal antibody preparations raised against target proteins of interest can be readily used to establish assays where detection depends on target recognition by three individual antibody molecules, recognizing separate epitopes. The assay was compared with state-of-the-art sandwich ELISAs for detection of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-8 and interleukin-6, and it was found to be superior both with regard to dynamic range and minimal numbers of molecules detected. Furthermore, the assays exhibited excellent performance in undiluted plasma and serum as well as in whole blood, producing comparable results for nine different antigens. We thus show that solid-phase proximity ligation assay is suitable for validation of a variety of protein biomarkers over broad dynamic ranges in clinical samples.
Anisotropic thermal properties of nanochanneled alumina templates (2005)

Anodic porous alumina templates contain highly ordered nanochannels that are frequently used for fabrication of thermoelectric nanowires. Thermal properties of the templates are of high interest in thermoelectric device applications. This paper reports the temperature-dependent, anisotropic thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of 55 μm thick anodic template Anodisc from Whatman, Inc. of 0.02 μm pore diameter and ∼30% porosity. The 3ω technique was employed to carry out measurements of the effective thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity in the direction parallel to the nanochannels axis, while thermal anisotropy of the sample was estimated theoretically using the Maxwell model. Measured effective thermal conductivity is between 0.54 W/mK at 80 K and 1.3 W/mK at 300 K. Measured thermal diffusivity decreases from 2.1×10−6m2s−1 at 80 K to 1.08×10−6m2s−1 at 300 K. A photothermoelectric technique was employed to measure independently the components of the thermal diffusivity along the direction parallel to the nanochannels axis and in the plane perpendicular to this direction. Reasonable agreements were found between the results provided by the two characterization techniques.
Leafy seviiiano olive cuttings: Rooting readily obtained under mist humidification produced satisfactory trees in experiment at Davis (1954)

Most varieties of olives can be propagated readily by either leafy softwood cuttings or by hardwood cuttings. However, the Sevillano–one of the leading commercial olive varieties in California–has been difficult to propagate by cuttings; so nurserymen have resorted to grafting on seedlings as a means of propagation.
Computational Investigation of Finite Width Microtabs for Aerodynamic Load Control (2005)

The use of deployable microtabs on wind turbine blades has been proposed for the purpose of active load control. A great deal of two-dimensional wind tunnel testing and CFD simulation has already been conducted to study the effects of tabs on the aerodynamic performance characteristics of airfoil sections. This paper presents a literature survey of existing studies that have looked at the effects of introducing gaps and serrations to the tabs. Such treatments are found to allow modulation of the lift enhancing properties of the tab. Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes calculations of various tabgap configurations applied to an airfoil are described, and results are presented. The relationship between tab solidity ratio and increments in lift is found to be highly linear. Such a relationship could be significant for the development of future microtab deployment systems.
Photonics for ultrawideband communications (2009)

This paper discussed the applications of ultrawideband frequency technology especially in broadband indoor wireless communication. The concept of UWB-over-fiber was briefly introduced, and the different techniques for generating and encoding impulse UWB signals in the optical domain was discussed. The challenges of implementing UWB-over-fiber system was also examined. The approaches for generating impulse UWB signal in optical domain was classified as UWB pulse generation based on first- or second-order differentiation of a Gaussian pulse, based on differencing of Gaussian pulse, based on optical spectral shaping and frequency-to-time mapping, and based on photonic microwave delay-line filter. Photonic UWB codings using fiber Bragg grating array, multichannel fiber Bragg grating, and polarisation modulator were also discussed.
Pharmacologic neuroprotection—Is xenon the light at the end of the tunnel?* (2008)

Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel, Vienna, Austria The author has not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.
Familial Alzheimer's disease mutations inhibit γ‐secretase‐mediated liberation of β‐amyloid precursor protein carboxy‐terminal fragment (2005)

Cleavage of the beta-secretase processed beta-amyloid precursor protein by gamma-secretase leads to the extracellular release of Abeta42, the more amyloidogenic form of the beta-amyloid peptide, which subsequently forms the amyloid-plaques diagnostic of Alzheimer's disease. Mutations in beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) increase release of Abeta42, suggesting that FAD may directly result from increased gamma-secretase activity. Here, we show that familial Alzheimer's disease mutations clustered near the sites of gamma-secretase cleavage actually decrease gamma-secretase-mediated release of the intracellular fragment of APP (CTFgamma). Concordantly, presenilin-1 mutations that result in Alzheimer's disease also decrease the release of CTFgamma. Mutagenesis of the epsilon cleavage site in APP mimicked the effects of the FAD mutations, both decreasing CTFgamma release and increasing Abeta42 production, suggesting that perturbation of this site may account for the observed decrement in gamma-secretase-mediated proteolysis of APP. As CTFgamma has been implicated in transcriptional activation, these data indicate that decreased signaling and transcriptional regulation resulting from FAD mutations in beta-amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 may contribute to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.
The general secretory pathway of <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i>: no evidence for relocalization or assembly of pilin‐like PulG protein into a multiprotein complex (1993)

It has been proposed that the four type IV pilin-like proteins that are required for extracellular protein secretion by the general secretory pathway (GSP) might assemble into a trans-periplasm complex resembling a type IV pilus. To test this idea, we examined the subcellular distribution and oligomeric state of PulG, one of the type IV pilin-like proteins required for pullulanase secretion in Klebsiella oxytoca. Fractionation of Escherichia coli cells carrying a single copy of each pul gene showed that PulG protein was located in two distinct envelope fractions corresponding to the outer and cytoplasmic membranes. The protein was partially released by treating the membranes with Triton X-100 + EDTA or at high pH, but not by Triton X-100 alone or by 8 M urea, 6 M guanidine hydrochloride or 1 M NaCl. Like type IV pilins, non-sedimentable PulG that had been released from the membranes at high pH could be sedimented by centrifugation when the pH was lowered. Treatment of whole cells, sphaeroplasts or isolated membranes with a cleavable cross-linking agent produced mainly PulG homodimers. Previous studies showed that both PulO, which cleaves and N-methylates the PulG precursor, and PulE, a putative ATP-binding protein, share extensive sequence identity with proteins known to be required for type IV pilus processing and assembly. However, mutations which disrupted either pulE or pulO, or indeed the complete absence of all other components of the pullulanase secretion apparatus, had little or no effect on any of the properties of PulG protein described above. We conclude that there is no evidence that PulG protein assembles into a stable multiprotein complex or that processing of the PulG precursor causes a detectable change in its subcellular distribution.
Reassortant Formation and Selection Following Coinfection of Cultured Cells with Subgroup 2 Human Rotaviruses (1988)

Reassortant formation following coinfection has been suggested as a mechanism of evolution of rotaviruses. This study was designed to examine the selection of reassortants following coinfection of cultured cells with pairs of subgroup 2 human rotaviruses. The three pairs studied (Wa x P, CJN x 31, 62 x 69) were chosen to maximize the number of RNA segments that could be electrophoretically distinguished. After coinfection and multiple passages, reproducible selection of reassortants was observed with each pair. Although more segments were selected from the virus of a pair that grew to higher titre, certain segments were selected independently of the relative growth properties or multiplicities of infection of the coinfecting viruses; selection of other segments was dependent on both. In determining the time and cause of selection it was found that no selection of genomic RNA segments was detectable prior to or during viral particle assembly in coinfected cells. However, selection was evident within the infectious progeny population after a single cycle of replication. Therefore, selection of specific reassortants following coinfection was apparently due to differences in the infectivities of progency viruses and not in their assembly. This implies that these infectivities were a function of the parental origin of specific genomic segments.
Random Values, Nonce and Challenges: Semantic Meaning versus Opaque and Strings of Data (2009)

Current authentication and security protocols provide authentication services using either shared secret keys or certificates and public key infrastructures. They usually involve using random values and nonce to prohibit replay attacks and to generate fresh keys per each session. The Challenge-Response authentication mechanisms are the predominant access method for authentication and access control of today Internet applications. These mechanisms provide a proof of knowledge of the secret and then authenticate the communicating entity, which applies a cryptographic algorithm on the shared secret and the challenge sent by the other entity. Unfortunately, basic challenge-response mechanisms, such as HTTP Digest, do not provide mutual authentication and therefore suffer from several attacks, especially the man-in-the-middle and replay attacks. In this paper, we propose a semantic meaning for the challenge becoming used by these mechanisms. The proposed enhancement is completely backward-compatible; an entity aware of our extension connecting to another that does not wish to use or does not support it, will continue the basic authentication process. Moreover, our extension helps in reducing the identity usurpation attacks. A computation of the cryptographic loads and the data transfer demonstrates a negligible overall performance impact on the network and the entities.
Residual charge on a switched capacitor [MOS type] (1983)

A simple semiempirical model is presented to estimate the residual charge (feedthrough error) on a switched MOS capacitor. The model ignores the complexities of changing channel resistance during the turnoff transient, treating the channel as a simple on/off switch. In spite of this simplification, the results agree with computer simulations over a wide range of parameters. The model is easily extended to more complex situations found in typical switched-capacitor circuits.
Development of Idarubicin and Doxorubicin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Overcome Pgp-Mediated Multiple Drug Resistance in Leukemia (2009)

The objectives of these studies were to investigate and compare solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of two anthracyclines, idarubicin (IDA) and doxorubicin (DOX), against Pgp-mediated multiple drug resistance (MDR) in-vitro and in-vivo using different human and murine cancer cell models. IDA and DOX SLNs were developed from warm microemulsion precursors comprising emulsifying wax as the oil phase, and polyoxyl 20-stearyl ether (Brij 78) and D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Vitamin E TPGS) as the surfactants. Anionic ion-pairing agents, sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC) and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), were used to neutralize the charges of the cationic anthracyclines and enhance entrapment of the drugs in the SLN. The in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed that the IC50 value of DOX NPs was 9-fold lower than that of free DOX solution in resistant P388/ADR cell line. In contrast, free IDA had comparable IC50 values as IDA NPs in Pgp-overexpressing P388/ADR and HCT-15 cells. In the in-vivo P388/ADR leukemia mouse model, the median survival time of DOX NPs was significantly greater than that of free DOX, and controls. In contrast, free IDA was equally as effective as IDA NPs in P388 and Pgp-overexpressing HCT-15 mouse tumor models. The cell uptake of IDA formulated as free IDA and IDA NPs was comparable in Pgp-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, DOX NPs could overcome Pgp-mediated MDR both in-vitro in P388/ADR leukemia cells and in-vivo in the murine leukemia mouse model. The present study suggests that our SLNs may offer potential to deliver anticancer drugs for the treatment of Pgp-mediated MDR in leukemia; however, selection of target drug may be very important.
In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function (2002)

The major advantage of in vivo optical techniques is the ability to study many levels of function of the CNS that are inaccessible by other methods. This rapidly expanding field is multidisciplinary in nature and findings have thus far been scattered throughout the literature. In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function reviews the wide varie
Chemical synthesis of nucleoside analogues (2013)

Contributors ix Foreword xiii Preface xv 1 Biocatalytic Methodologies for Selective Modified Nucleosides 1 Miguel Ferrero, Susana Fern'andez, and Vicente Gotor 2 Nucleosides Modified at the Base Moiety 49 O. Sari, V. Roy, and L. A. Agrofoglio 3 Chemical Synthesis of Acyclic Nucleosides 103 Hai-Ming Guo, Shan Wu, Hong-Ying Niu, Ge Song, and Gui-Rong Qu 4 Phosphonated Nucleoside Analogues 163 Roberto Romeo, Caterina Carnovale, Antonio Rescifina, and Maria Assunta Chiacchio 5 Chemical Syntheses of Nucleoside Triphosphates 209 Lina Weinschenk and Chris Meier 6 Mononucleotide Prodrug Synthetic Strategies 229 Suzanne Peyrottes and Christian P'erigaud 7 Synthesis of C-Nucleosides 263 Omar Boutureira, M. Isabel Matheu, Yolanda D'yaz, and Sergio Castill'on 8 Methodologies for the Synthesis of Isomeric Nucleosides and Nucleotides of Antiviral Significance 317 Maurice Okello and Vasu Nair 9 Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Nucleoside Analogues 345 Esma Maougal, Jean-Marc Escudier, Christophe Len, Didier Dubreuil, and Jacques Lebreton 10 Synthesis of 3-Spiro-Substituted Nucleosides: Chemistry of TSAO Nucleoside Derivatives 427 Mar'ya-Jos'e Camarasa, Sonsoles Vel'azquez, Ana San-F'elix, and Mar'ya-Jes'us P'erez-P'erez 11 l-Nucleosides 473 Daniela Perrone and Massimo L. Capobianco 12 Chemical Synthesis of Carbocyclic Analogues of Nucleosides 535 E. Leclerc 13 Uncommon Three-, Four-, and Six-Membered Nucleosides 605 E. Groaz and P. Herdewijn 14 Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4-Thionucleosides 655 Varughese A. Mulamoottil, Mahesh S. Majik, Girish Chandra, and Lak Shin Jeong 15 Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of Aza-Nucleosides 699 Tom'as Tejero, Ignacio Delso, and Pedro Merino 16 Stereoselective Methods in the Synthesis of Bioactive Oxathiolane and Dioxolane Nucleosides 727 D. D Alonzo and A. Guaragna 17 Isoxazolidinyl Nucleosides 781 Ugo Chiacchio, Antonino Corsaro, Salvatore Giofr'e, and Giovanni Romeo 18 Synthetic Studies on Antifungal Peptidyl Nucleoside Antibiotics 819 Apurba Datta 19 Chemical Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained PNA Monomers 847 Pedro Merino and Rosa Matute Index 881
This other Eden: paintings from the Yale Center for British Art (1998)

In 1966, American collector and philanthropist Paul Mellon presented to Yale University a collection of British paintings, drawings, sculpture, prints and rare books, thus founding the Yale Center for British Art. This is an expanded catalogue for an exhibition touring Australia in 1998.
Conversion of Fly Ash Cenosphere to Hollow Microspheres with Zeolite/Mullite Composite Shells (2003)

Abstract A seed‐induced in‐situ hydrothermal conversion technique is proposed to prepare novel hollow microspheres with zeolite/mullite composite shells from fly ash cenosphere (FAC), a solid waste with a hollow structure from coal power stations. Two groups of hollow microspheres were prepared, one with zeolite FAU/mullite composite shells and the other with zeolite LTA/mullite composite shells. The FAC in this study plays dual roles as both the template cores and the aluminosilicate nutrition contributor. The final products inherit the hollow spherical morphology of FAC and possessed bilayered shells, the outer dense shell of zeolite crystals and the inner porous shell of mullite. Such hollow zeolitic materials are expected to have many advantages in applications such as catalysis, adsorption, separation, and as releasing capsules.
Using assertions to help end-user programmers create dependable web macros (2008)

Web macros give web browser users ways to "program" tedious tasks, allowing those tasks to be repeated more quickly and reliably than when performed by hand. Web macros face dependability problems of their own, however: changes in websites or failure on the part of end-user programmers to anticipate possible macro behaviors can cause macros to act incorrectly, often in ways that are difficult to detect. We would like to provide at least some of the benefits of software engineering methodologies to the creators of web macros. To do this we adapt assertions to web-macro programming scenarios. While assertions are well-known to professional software engineers, our web macro assertions are unique in their focus on website evolution, are generated automatically, and encode the expectations and assumptions of a rapidly growing group of users who often have limited formal programming expertise. We have integrated our techniques for assertion generation and evaluation into a web macro tool, and performed an empirical study investigating its use. Our results show that the assertions can help web macro users detect macro failures and correct macro faults.