gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart skin for tactile prosthetics (2012)

This paper provides an overview of a concept for a Smart Skin, for enabling tactile prosthetics that provide for a natural sensation of touch. The solution embeds miniature, ultra-low power, wireless sensors into the silicone coating of the prosthetic. The solution offers advantages in terms of scalability, ability to place the sensors almost anywhere, fault tolerance and potential ease of manufacturing.
Workflow redesign through consolidation in information-intensive business processes (1997)

Recent advances in information technology allow for greater flexibility in designing document flows and in the allocation of tasks along the business process. Many companies try to leverage on these technological advancements through the use of expanded jobs and tasks consolidation. While task consolidation reduces hand-off delays, it requires changes in the supporting information technology and leads to a loss of specialization. Since a typical business process contains dozens of tasks, it is not clear which tasks should be consolidated as a number of factors must be taken into account: the precedence of information flows, loss of specialization, alignment of decision rights, reduction in hand-offs and technology support costs. This paper presents a new methodology that helps system designers determine the optimal set of tasks to be consolidated. The proposed methodology is fully automated and is designed to maintain all the information flows and precedence constraints. The business process workflow is modeled as a directed graph and analytical formulations of the task consolidation problem using mixed integer programming are presented. Optimal design insights are obtained for both sequential and generic process structures. Initial results reveal when the loss of specialization and lack of task control can undermine the benefits of cycle-time reduction through consolidation. It was also observed that the effects of information technologies on the pattern of consolidation can vary dramatically from case to case. Finally, the paper explains why these information technologies that support task processing will facilitate consolidation, while technologies that mostly reduce delays and help communications will facilitate specialization as well as independent task monitoring.
Doripenem (Doribax): The Newest Addition to the Carbapenems (2008)

Carbapenems are a class of antimicrobials structurally related to penicillin. Doripenem, the newest agent in this class, was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections. Its spectrum of activity is similar to that of meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin. Some studies indicate that approximately 29% of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates may remain sensitive to doripenem, although the clinical relevance of that finding has not been determined. Clinical studies, which have been published only in abstract form to date, have found doripenem to be similar to comparator agents. The most common adverse effects related to doripenem therapy were headache, nausea, diarrhea, rash, and phlebitis. Doripenem, like the other carbapenems, may also cause seizures. Because of the lack of published data, the lack of clear advantages over meropenem, and the increased cost compared with meropenem, doripenem will not be available for use at Baylor University Medical Center except by infectious diseases specialists.
p53 down-regulates SARS coronavirus replication and is targeted by the SARS-unique domain and PL <sup>pro</sup> via E3 ubiquitin ligase RCHY1 (2016)

Highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has developed strategies to inhibit host immune recognition. We identify cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase ring-finger and CHY zinc-finger domain-containing 1 (RCHY1) as an interacting partner of the viral SARS-unique domain (SUD) and papain-like protease (PL(pro)), and, as a consequence, the involvement of cellular p53 as antagonist of coronaviral replication. Residues 95-144 of RCHY1 and 389-652 of SUD (SUD-NM) subdomains are crucial for interaction. Association with SUD increases the stability of RCHY1 and augments RCHY1-mediated ubiquitination as well as degradation of p53. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CAMK2D), which normally influences RCHY1 stability by phosphorylation, also binds to SUD. In vivo phosphorylation shows that SUD does not regulate phosphorylation of RCHY1 via CAMK2D. Similarly to SUD, the PL(pro)s from SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-NL63 physically interact with and stabilize RCHY1, and thus trigger degradation of endogenous p53. The SARS-CoV papain-like protease is encoded next to SUD within nonstructural protein 3. A SUD-PL(pro) fusion interacts with RCHY1 more intensively and causes stronger p53 degradation than SARS-CoV PL(pro) alone. We show that p53 inhibits replication of infectious SARS-CoV as well as of replicons and human coronavirus NL63. Hence, human coronaviruses antagonize the viral inhibitor p53 via stabilizing RCHY1 and promoting RCHY1-mediated p53 degradation. SUD functions as an enhancer to strengthen interaction between RCHY1 and nonstructural protein 3, leading to a further increase in in p53 degradation. The significance of these findings is that down-regulation of p53 as a major player in antiviral innate immunity provides a long-sought explanation for delayed activities of respective genes.
Recent Progress in Optical Access and Home Networks: Results from the ALPHA Project (2011)

ALPHA has made substantial contributions to passive and Ethernet optical access networks, home networks based on silica and plastic optical fibers as well as to optical transmission (including OFDM/DMT) and radio-over-fiber technologies.
Mapping Dopamine Function in Primates Using Pharmacologic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2004)

Dopamine (DA) receptors play a central role in such diverse pathologies as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug abuse. We used an amphetamine challenge combined with pharmacologic magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) to map DA-associated circuitry in nonhuman primates with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. Seven control cynomolgous monkeys and 10 MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-treated parkinsonian primates were studied longitudinally using both positron emission tomography (PET) and phMRI. Amphetamine challenge (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) in control monkeys increased relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in a number of brain regions not described previously, such as parafascicular thalamus, precentral gyrus, and dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. With the high spatial resolution, we were also able to readily identify changes in rCBV in the anterior cingulate, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, caudate (tail and head), putamen, and nucleus accumbens. Amphetamine induced decreases in rCBV in occipital and posterior parietal cortices. Parkinsonian primates had a prominent loss of response to amphetamine, with relative sparing of the nucleus accumbens and parafascicular thalamus. There was a significant correlation between rCBV loss in the substantia nigra and both PET imaging of dopamine transporters and behavioral measures. Monkeys with partial lesions as defined by 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane binding to dopamine transporters showed recruitment of premotor and motor cortex after amphetamine stimulus similar to what has been noted in Parkinson's patients during motor tasks. These data indicate that phMRI is a powerful tool for assessment of dynamic changes associated with normal and dysfunctional DA brain circuitry in primates.
Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Pocket Companion (1993)

Growth and development nutrition and nutritional disorders preventive pediatrics general considerations in the care of sick children prenatal disturbances metabolic diseases the fetus and neonatal infant special health problems during adolescence immunity, allergy and diseases of inflammation infectious diseases the digestive system disease of the blood neoplasms and neoplasm-like structures nephrologic diseases and urogenital disorders the endocrine system the nervous system neuromuscular disorders disorders of the eye and ear the skin the bones and joints miscellaneous disorders.
The Design of a Distributed Object-Oriented Operating System for Office Applications (1988)

International audience
Advanced in-production hotspot prediction and monitoring with micro-topography (2017)

At 28nm technology and below, hot spot prediction and process window control on production wafers have become increasingly critical to prevent sensitive pattern geometries from becoming yield limiting defects as a result of process variation. We previously established a systematic approach to identify focus-sensitive hotspots, characterize their process window margins, use a focus variation map to predict patterning defect locations, and verify predictions by guided e-beam inspection [1]. The current paper establishes the impact of intra-die micro-topography and its correlation with best focus variations of hotspots in a production chip layout. For this purpose, we obtain high-resolution topography measurements from an offline tool, and determine pattern-dependent best focus shifts from litho simulations to compare against the measured best focus distribution. We exercise the entire prediction and guided verification flow for after-etch application on a production use case with full-stack topography wafers.
A variable rate coding by APC with maximum likelihood quantization from 4.8 kbits/s to 16 kbits/s (2005)

This paper presents a variable rate APC coding with Maximum Likelihood Quantization (MLQ) and noise-shaping filtering which covers a wide range of coding rates from 4.8 kbit/s to 16 kbit/s. At a rate lower than 8.0 kbit/s a new hybrid coding based on the ACP-MLQ and a new high-frequency regeneration are proposed. Simulation results indicate that the APC-MLQ having noise-shaping filters is very effective for achieving a high quality of speech in variable rate coding.
In vitro activity of linezolid alone and in combination with gentamicin, vancomycin or rifampicin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by time-kill curve methods (2003)

The in vitro activity of the oxazolidinone linezolid was studied alone and in combination with three antibiotics acting on different cellular targets. Oxazolidinones are bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors that act at a very early stage by preventing the formation of the initiation complex. Combinations of linezolid with gentamicin, vancomycin or rifampicin were evaluated against four methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, using killing curves in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy. Time-kill curves were performed over 24 h using an inoculum of 5 x 10(6)- 1 x 10(7) cfu/mL. Linezolid was studied at concentrations of 1 x, 4 x and 8 x MIC, with partner drugs at 8 x MIC. Addition of linezolid resulted in a decrease of antibacterial activity for gentamicin and vancomycin, and linezolid was antagonistic to the early bactericidal activity of gentamicin. Linezolid, in combination with rifampicin, showed an additive interaction for susceptible strains and inhibited rifampicin-resistant variants. Linezolid plus rifampicin appeared to be the most active combination against methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains in time-kill experiments.
Synthesis and characterization of SiO 2 nanowires prepared from rice husk ash (2009)

SiO 2 nanowires were synthesized by thermal evaporation of rice husk ash and coconut shell charcoal with the ratio of 1:2 by weight heated at a temperature of 1,350 oC in atmosphere of nitrogen for 1 hour. The scanning electron microscope and X-rays diffraction instrument are used to characterize the SiO 2 nanowires. The SiO 2 nanowires synthesized have diameters varying from 40 nm to 200 nm while the lengths were a few micrometers.
Development of a bioreactor for evaluating novel nerve conduits (2007)

We describe an experimental closed bioreactor device for studying novel tissue engineered peripheral nerve conduits in vitro. The system integrates a closed loop system consisting of one, two, or three experimental nerve conduits connected in series or parallel, with the ability to study novel scaffolds within guidance conduits. The system was established using aligned synthetic microfiber scaffolds of viscose rayon and electrospun polystyrene. Schwann cells were seeded directly into conduits varying from 10 to 80 mm in length and allowed to adhere under 0 flow for 1 h, before being cultured for 4 days under static or continuous flow conditions. In situ viability measurements showed the distribution of live Schwann cells within each conduit and enabled quantification thereafter. Under static culture viable cells only existed in short conduit scaffolds (10 mm) or at the ends of longer conduits (20-80 mm) with a variation in viable cell distribution. Surface modification of scaffold fibers with type-1 collagen or acrylic acid increased cell number by 17% and 30%, respectively. However, a continuous medium flow of 0.8 mL/h was found to increase total cell number by 2.5-fold verses static culture. Importantly, under these conditions parallel viability measurements revealed a ninefold increase compared to static culture. Fluorescence microscopy of scaffolds showed cellular adhesion and alignment on the longitudinal axis. We suggest that such a system will enable a rigorous and controlled approach for evaluating novel conduits for peripheral nerve repair, in particular using hydrolysable materials for the parallel organization of nerve support cells, prior to in vivo study.
Optisch aktive Alkohole aus 1,3‐Dioxan‐4‐onen: eine praktikable Variante der enantioselektiven Synthese unter nucleophiler Substitution an Acetal‐Zentren (1987)

Optically Active Alcohols from 1,3‐Dioxan‐4‐ones. A Practical Version of Enantioselective Synthesis with Nucleophilic Substitution at Acetal Centers Secondary alcohols in enantiomeric excesses above 90% are accessible from 2‐substituted 6‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐4‐ones ( Scheme 4 ). The dioxanones are prepared from aldehydes and readily available ( R )‐or ( S )‐3‐hydroxybutanoic acid. Treatment of the dioxanones with silyl nucleophiles or triisopropoxy(methyl)titanium in the presence of [Cl 3 TiX] yields the corresponding 3‐alkoxy acids in diastereoselectivities ≥ 95%. The ‘chiral auxiliary’ is removed from the alkoxy acids by treatment with LiN(i‐Pr) 2 to give the secondary alcohols with ≤ 90% ee. cis / trans ‐Mixtures (9:1) of the dioxanones furnish products of the same configurational purity as those obtained from pure cis ‐isomers. In comparison with other variants of enantioselective synthese with nucleophilic substitution at acetal centers, the following advantages of the dioxanone method are noteworthy: ( i ) ( R )‐ and ( S )‐3‐hydroxybutanoic acids are both readily available; ( ii ) reactions are not sensitive to changes in conditions; ( iii ) the ‘chiral auxiliary’ is removed simply by base elimination, no oxidation is required; ( iv ) no chromatographic purification steps are necessary. The overall reaction described here is an enantioselective nucleophilic addition to aldehydes with concomitant dehydration of enantiomerically pure 3‐hydroxybutanoic to crotonic acid.
Motheye structured surface fabrication as durable anti-reflection treatment on CdZnTe for space-based LWIR detector devices (2007)

Space based HgCdTe imaging devices, built on CdZnTe substrates, require radiation hardened anti-reflection (AR) treatments in order to withstand the rigors of the space environment. Conventional anti-reflection (AR) coatings provide adequate optical performance but are prone to delamination and degradation due to extreme temperature cycling and irradiation in space. Consequently, there is an intense need for improved AR technology that combines high optical performance with improved durability. Etching physical gradient or motheye structures directly into the CdZnTe eliminates the need to deposit additional layers of different materials onto the substrate, avoiding the possibility of delamination and cross contamination. Motheye AR surfaces, under development at Surmet Corporation, have demonstrated excellent broadband optical performance in the LWIR (7 to14 micron) waveband. Surmet's motheye technology involves direct etching of a regular pattern of fine features into the CdZnTe substrate, using standard lithography and dry etching techniques. The results from this ongoing research and development effort are discussed.
Ketene Equivalents* (1977)

Reactions of ketene equivalents illustrate the increasing applications of reagent equivalents to bring about reactions that are not possible with the reagent itself. As the direct route to norbornenones by [4+2]-addition of cyclopentadiene with ketene itself is not possible, a variety of synthons of the type H2C=C(X1)(X2) were created which, after the allowed [4+2]-addition reaction, led to norbornenones by the transformation of the resultant C(X1)(X2) moiety to a carbonyl group. Such syntheses are analysed in the present review. 1. Reactions of α-Acetoxyacrylonitrile 2. Ketene Adducts with α-Chloroacrylonitrile 3. α-Chloroacrylonitrile Adducts via Chlorination of Acrylonitrile Adducts - Acrylonitrile as Ketene Equivalent 4. Norbornenones and Related Systems from [4+2]-Addition Reactions with α-Chloroacryloyl Chloride 5. Nitroethene as Ketene Equivalent 6. Transformation of Acrylic Acid [4+2]-Adducts to Norbornenones 7. Ketene Equivalents in Retrospect and Prospect
Si microwire-array solar cells (2010)

Si microwire-array solar cells with Air Mass 1.5 Global conversion efficiencies of up to 7.9% have been fabricated using an active volume of Si equivalent to a 4 μm thick Si wafer. These solar cells exhibited open-circuit voltages of 500 mV, short-circuit current densities (Jsc) of up to 24 mA cm-2, and fill factors >65% and employed Al2O3 dielectric particles that scattered light incident in the space between the wires, a Ag back reflector that prevented the escape of incident illumination from the back surface of the solar cell, and an a-SiNx:H passivation/anti-reflection layer. Wire-array solar cells without some or all of these design features were also fabricated to demonstrate the importance of the light-trapping elements in achieving a high Jsc. Scanning photocurrent microscopy images of the microwire-array solar cells revealed that the higher Jsc of the most advanced cell design resulted from an increased absorption of light incident in the space between the wires. Spectral response measurements further revealed that solar cells with light-trapping elements exhibited improved red and infrared response, as compared to solar cells without light-trapping elements.
Synthesis of superabsorbent resin by ultraviolet photopolymerization (2004)

Abstract Synthesis of superabsorbent resin (SAR) was achieved by a new method, that of direct UV photopolymerization, and in particular the synthesis of a SAR of acrylic acid–potassium acrylate copolymer by UV photopolymerization was investigated. Influences of ratio (mol) of acrylate monomer to acrylic acid monomer, photoinitiators, crosslinking agents, and exposure time of UV light on the water‐absorbent properties were investigated. The results showed that the water absorbency ( Q ) of SAR based on Irgacure 1700 or Irgacure 1800 was 545–530 mL/g, but under the same conditions Q was 450 mL/g for the SAR based on Irgacure 651. N,N ′‐Methylene bisacrylamide, hydroethyl acrylate, and glycerol were used as crosslinking agents, of which N,N ′‐methylene bisacrylamide was the most effective. It crosslinked the molecular chains through attending the copolymerization with acrylic acid (AA) and potassium acrylate. When the exposure time was 5 min, the value of Q was 1368 mL/g (the content of N,N ′‐methylene bisacrylamide was 100 ppm). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1618–1624, 2004
Magnetic behavior of negative and nearly zero magnetostrictive glass-covered amorphous wires (1996)

Results on the magnetic behavior and properties of negative and nearly zero magnetostrictive amorphous glass-covered magnetic wires and on their changes determined by glass removal, applied tensile stresses, and annealing are reported. The experimental data allow the explanation of their specific magnetic behavior as emerging from the changes produced in the domain structure by these factors. The similarity in behavior between negative and nearly zero magnetostrictive glass-covered wires is due to the very high values of internal stresses induced during preparation.
PHOTOADDUCTS OF 8‐METHOXYPSORALEN TO CYTOSINE IN DNA (1987)

Abstract— The isolation and partial characterization of several photoadducts formed between 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) and cytosine is described. The formation of these adducts was analysed in E. coli DNA containing 3 H‐labeled cytosine and/or 14 C‐labeled thymine, and in oligonucleotides of defined sequence. The major initial adduct has been identified as an 8‐MOP cytosine monoadduct, most likely forming at the pyrone end of the 8‐MOP molecule. Further irradiation converts this adduct to several other species, including both cytosine:cytosine and cytosine:thymine diadducts, as well as a number of derivative monoadducts. One isomer of the C:T diadduct appears to undergo a reversible isomerization under the conditions normally used to analyse adduct mixtures by HPLC. The isomerization can cause this adduct to exhibit a retention time on reversed‐phase HPLC closely resembling either that of a thymine‐thymine crosslink or a thymine monoadduct.
Iron-Catalyzed Polyethylene Chain Growth on Zinc: Linear α-Olefins with a Poisson Distribution (2002)

Bis(imino)pyridineiron complexes are not only highly active for ethylene polymerization, they are shown to catalyze efficient polyethylene chain growth at zinc centers—formally an iron-catalyzed Aufbaureaktion on zinc (see scheme). The grown alkyl chains can be displaced from the zinc centers by an olefin exchange reaction catalyzed by, for example, [Ni(acac)2] (acac=acetylacetonate) to give linear α-olefins with a Poisson distribution.
Expression of Brain-Specific Angiogenesis Inhibitor 2 (BAI2) in Normal and Ischemic Brain: Involvement of BAI2 in the Ischemia-Induced Brain Angiogenesis (2002)

Previously, the authors cloned and characterized murine brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (mBAI1). In this study, the authors cloned mBAI2 and analyzed its functional characteristics. Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated a unique developmental expression pattern of mBAI2 in the brain. The expression level of mBAI2 appeared to increase as the development of the brain progressed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses demonstrated the existence of alternative splice variants of mBAI2, which were defective in parts of type I repeat of thrombospondin or the third cytoplasmic loop of the seven-span transmembrane domain that were considered essential to the functions of mBAI2. The expressions of spliced variants in the brain were differently regulated compared with wild-type mBAI2 during development and ischemic conditions. In situ hybridization analyses of the brain showed the same localization of BAI2 as BAI1, such as in most neurons of cerebral cortex. In the in vivo focal cerebral ischemia model and the in vitro hypoxic cell culture model with cobalt, BAI2 expression decreased after hypoxia and preceded the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RT-PCR analysis of antisense BAI2 cDNA-transfected SHSY5Y cells showed an increased VEGF expression as well as a decreased BAI2 expression. Immunohistochemical study of focal ischemic cortex showed that the regional localization of decreased BAI2 was related to the formation of new vessels. These results suggest that the brain-specific developmental expression pattern of angiostatic BAI2 is correlated with the decreased neovascularization in the adult brain, and that angiostatic BAI2 participates in the ischemia-induced brain angiogenesis in concert with angiogenic VEGF.