gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Typical and Atypical Presentations of Testicular Carcinoma (1997)

Testicular carcinoma most commonly presents as a testicular mass. Approxiately 10-15% of patients, however, present with manifestations of metastatic disease. The reported clinical presentations of metastatic testicular carcinoma are varied and include abdominal mass, hemoptysis, adenopathy, respiratory difficulty, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lumbar back pain, and lower extremity swelling. A comprehensive review of the literature indicated that testicular carcinoma presents as a testicular abnormality 90% of the time. In 10% of cases, however, the patients will present with nontesticular manifestations of metastatic disease. The authors provide a summary of reported nontesticular presentations of testis cancer and describe a unique case wherein the clinical presentation was spontaneous ejaculatory failure.
A Framework for Haptic Broadcasting (2009)

This article presents a comprehensive exploration of the issues underlying haptic multimedia broadcasting. It also describes the implementation of a prototype system as a proof of concept.
The immersed boundary method (2002)

This paper is concerned with the mathematical structure of the immersed boundary (IB) method, which is intended for the computer simulation of fluid–structure interaction, especially in biological fluid dynamics. The IB formulation of such problems, derived here from the principle of least action, involves both Eulerian and Lagrangian variables, linked by the Dirac delta function. Spatial discretization of the IB equations is based on a fixed Cartesian mesh for the Eulerian variables, and a moving curvilinear mesh for the Lagrangian variables. The two types of variables are linked by interaction equations that involve a smoothed approximation to the Dirac delta function. Eulerian/Lagrangian identities govern the transfer of data from one mesh to the other. Temporal discretization is by a second-order Runge–Kutta method. Current and future research directions are pointed out, and applications of the IB method are briefly discussed.
Use of Pesticides and Natural Products in Control of<i>Sclerospora sacchari</i>in maize (1980)

Abstract Several fungicides, antibiotics, oils and oil cake extracts were tested for their effectiveness against sugarcane downy mildew of maize caused by Sclerospora sacchari. In the laboratory eight fungicides, three oils and two oil cake extracts significantly inhibited conidial germination. In the field seed treatments with chloroneb, toluene-p-sulphonamide and sodium lauryl sulphate significantly reduced disease incidence. Furrow treatment with chloroneb gave better results than the seed treatment. In the glasshouse azadirachta and maduca oils and extracts of their cakes gave promising results. A combination of chloroneb seed treatment, rogueing of infected plants and one foliar spray of azadirachta oil gave the most effective control.
Sfmbt2 10th intron-hosted miR-466(a/e)-3p are important epigenetic regulators of Nfat5 signaling, osmoregulation and urine concentration in mice (2014)

Sfmbt2-hosted miR-466a-3p and its close relatives are often among the most significantly up-regulated or down-regulated miRNAs in responses to numerous deleterious environmental stimuli. The exact roles of these miRNAs in cellular stress responses, however, are not clear. Here we showed that many Sfmbt2-hosted miRNAs were highly hypertonic stress responsive in vitro and in vivo. In renal medulla, water deprivation induced alterations in the expression of miR-466(a/b/c/e/p)-3p in a pattern similar to that of miR-200b-3p, a known regulator of osmoresponsive transcription factor Nfat5. Remarkably, exposure of mIMCD3 cells to an arginine vasopressin analog time-dependently down-regulated the expression of miR-466(a/b/c/e/p)-3p and miR-200b-3p, which provides a novel regulatory mechanism for these osmoresponsive miRNAs. In cultured mIMCD3 cells we further demonstrated that miR-466a-3p and miR-466g were capable of targeting Nfat5 by interacting with its 3'UTR. In transgenic mice overexpressing miR-466a-3p, significant down-regulation of Nfat5 and many other osmoregulation-related genes was observed in both the renal cortex and medulla. Moreover, sustained transgenic over-expression of miR-466a-3p was found to be associated with polydipsia, polyuria and disturbed ion homeostasis and kidney morphology. Since the mature sequence of miR-466a-3p is completely equivalent to that of miR-466e-3p and that the seed sequence of miR-466a-3p is completely equivalent to that of miR-297(a/b/c)-3p, miR-466d-3p, miR-467g and miR-669d-3p, and that miR-466a-3p differs from miR-466(b/c/p)-3p only in a 5' nucleotide, we propose that miR-466a-3p and many of its close relatives are important epigenetic regulators of renal Nfat5 signaling, osmoregulation and urine concentration in mice.
Crystallization kinetics of palm oil (1987)

Abstract The quality and yield of oils obtained by fractionation processes depend mainly on the separation efficiency of fat crystals from the mother liquor; this process is, to a large extent, determined by crystal‐size distributions. The size of the crystals is influenced by the crystallization conditions applied, and the quantitative data on crystallization kinetics are a useful tool to optimize and control such a process. The crystallization work described concerns the fractionation of edible oils and fats. Palm oil was chosen as a model system. We quantified the growth and primary nucleation rates of saturated crystals in palm oil. The growth rate was proportional to the degree of supersaturation of the oil component studied, suggesting that the screw dislocation mechanism as described by Burton, Cabrera and Frank is determinative of the growth rate. Also the primary nucleation rate depends on the degree of supersaturation and can be described by the Becker and Döring equation. Special attention was paid to the experimental setup, which enabled us to measure the rate constants of both mechanisms separately. The kinetic data obtained were used to predict solid phase curves. The agreement between measured and predicted solid phase curves is satisfactory and in conformity with our model description. The results of our experiments also show that the crystallization kinetics of oils and fats can be described by the equations often used for inorganic systems.
Germination of Wheat Grains at Various Temperatures in Relation to the Activities of α-Amylase and Endoprotease (2002)

Germination percentages of wheat grains sampled at 3 grain-filling stages : yellow-ripe stage (water content 45-50%), dough-ripe stage (35-40%), and full-ripe stage (25-30%), and imbibed in water at 12°C and 20°C were examined in relation to the activities of α-amylase and endoprotease. Wheat varieties studied were Chihoku-komugi, which is susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting, and Satanta, which is resistant. Germination percentage was higher at 12°C than at 20°C in all grains sampled at all stages in both varieties, and was higher in Chihoku-komugi than in Satanta at 20°C. The activity of α-amylase in the grains at the yellow-ripe stage was higher at 12°C than at 20°C in both varieties, but that at the other 2 stages was higher only in Satanta. Endoprotease increased rapidly from 7 to 10 days after the start of imbibition, and exceeded 12 units only at 12°C in Chihoku-komugi grains at the dough and full-ripe stages. The results showed that α-amylase activity was lower than the value equivalent to 300 brabender unit (BU) in amylography when the germination percentage was 0%. Endoprotease activity exceeded 6 units when the germination percentage exceeded 90%.
Site-resolved imaging of ytterbium atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice (2015)

We report a high-resolution microscope system for imaging ultracold ytterbium atoms trapped in a two-dimensional optical lattice. By using the ultraviolet strong transition combined with a solid immersion lens and high-resolution optics, our system resolved individual sites in an optical lattice with a 544-nm spacing. Without any cooling mechanism during the imaging process, the deep potential required to contain the atoms was realized using a combination of a shallow ground-state and a deep excited-state potentials. The lifetime and limitations of this setup were studied in detail.
Peripheral Augmentation Index Defines the Relationship Between Central and Peripheral Pulse Pressure (2007)

Peripheral systolic blood pressure is amplified above central aortic systolic pressure, but the late systolic shoulder of the peripheral pulse may approximate central systolic pressure. Because late systolic pressure also determines the peripheral augmentation index, a measure of pressure wave reflection within the systemic circulation, this implies a direct relationship between amplification and augmentation. We compared the late systolic shoulder of the peripheral pressure waveform with estimates of central systolic pressure obtained using a transfer function in 391 subjects undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and/or elective angioplasty (30% with insignificant coronary artery disease). In a subset (n=12) we compared the late systolic shoulder of the peripheral pulse with central pressure obtained with a catheter placed in the aortic root. Measurements were made at baseline, during atrial pacing, and during administration of nitroglycerin. Late systolic shoulder pressure closely approximated transfer function estimates of central pressure (R=0.96; P<0.0001; mean difference+/-SD: 0.5+/-5.2 mm Hg). Despite changes in waveform morphology induced by pacing and nitroglycerin (reducing mean values+/-SE of the augmentation index from 76+/-3.8% to 66+/-4.6% and 60+/-3.3%, respectively), there was close agreement between the late systolic shoulder of the peripheral pulse and measured values of central pressure (R=0.96; P<0.001; mean difference: 1.7+/-4.8 mm Hg). In conclusion, the late systolic shoulder of the peripheral pulse closely approximates central systolic pressure and peripheral augmentation index, the ratio of central:peripheral pulse pressure. Interventions to lower augmentation index and peripheral vascular resistance will have multiplicative effects in lowering central blood pressure.
A theoretical analysis of shielded magnetoresistive heads by conformal mapping (1997)

A new theoretical analysis of an asymmetrically shielded magnetoresistive sensor in the presence of a high-permeability underlayer is obtained by conformal mapping. The symmetrically shielded head is a special case. The solution also covers recessed sensors, and can be extended to the no underlayer situation. Head fields, spectral response functions, phase, dibit shift, and roll-off results for various head configurations are provided and discussed.
High-Sensitivity Color Imaging Using Pixel-Scale Color Splitters Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces (2019)

Conventional color image sensors employing absorptive color filters exhibit low overall light transmission, resulting in limited signal levels per sensor pixel. This issue is becoming critical because the amount of light to detect at each pixel is decreasing as pixel size decreases. Here, we present a design for transparent, pixel-scale color splitters based on dielectric metasurfaces and show the advantages of using them in color image sensors instead of filters. We demonstrate that the image sensor configurations with the color splitters enhance the amount of detected light by a factor of ∼3.57 compared with a conventional color filter scheme, while preserving the resolution and color image quality.
Collaborative Privacy Management System (2008)

In this paper, we consider a problem of monopolistic information management technologies. Most service providers have an access to any information. Even though the information is really a personal data, service providers can access with it merely with the user's first subscription. A collaborative privacy management system (Co- PMS) is suggested to satisfy the requirement. In this scheme, each user will provide ones own privacy policy by using a policy creation interface. The policy negotiation engine performs collaborative process with the certain service's data disclosure policy. This architecture provides more powerful right to each user to access ones own privacy policy and personal information. It also reinforces the security because of diverse privacy policy. It will develop the privacy policy based on security systems. We also expect the encrypted privacy policy to be used as an authentication certification.
Correlation of peptide specificity and IgG subclass with pathogenic and nonpathogenic autoantibodies in pemphigus vulgaris: a model for autoimmunity. (1995)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare, potentially fatal, autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. The PV antigen (PVA) has been characterized as desmoglein 3. PV patients carry HLA-DR4- or HLA-DR6-bearing extended haplotypes. We recently demonstrated that patients with active disease have high titers of PV autoantibodies of the IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses. Patients in remission, healthy unaffected relatives, and some MHC-matched normal individuals have low levels of PV autoantibodies, which are IgG1 only. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of IgG from patients with active disease caused clinical disease in mice, but IgG from patients in remission, healthy relatives, or MHC-matched normal individuals did not. We prepared 12 peptides of 30 amino acids each (peptides Bos 1-12) spanning the extracellular domain of PVA. Patients with active disease recognize peptides Bos 1 and Bos 6 with high titers of IgG1 and IgG4 autoantibodies. Patients in remission have IgG1 autoantibodies to peptide Bos 1 only, in statistically significantly lower titers (P < 0.01). They no longer have IgG4 subclass autoantibodies to peptide Bos 6. Healthy relatives and normal unrelated individuals have low levels of only IgG1 autoantibodies that recognize only Bos 1. In vitro studies indicate that Bos 6-specific IgG and, to a lesser extent, Bos 1-specific IgG can cause acantholysis. Our data suggest that Bos 6-specific IgG4 is probably the main acantholytic autoantibody, while Bos 1-specific IgG4 may act as a facilitator or enhancer of the process. In this study we illustrate some of the paradigms that demonstrate the interactions between the MHC, subclass of autoantibodies, and peptide specificities of the autoantibodies in the autoimmune process. Thus, PV provides an important model to study the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
HapWRAP: Soft Growing Wearable Haptic Device (2018)

Soft robotics and pneumatic actuation present opportunities for lightweight wearable haptic devices that provide distributed touch feedback to the skin. Ideally, such devices would be easily donned and doffed, since permanent coverage of a large area of the skin is undesirable. Here we present the design and evaluation of a concept device called HapWRAP: a growing haptic device constructed from flexible low density polyethylene. Controlled air flow through tubes and pouches allows HapWRAP to grow out of a compact housing unit and provide a combination of directional and force feedback to a user. When activated, HapWRAP grows up and around the forearm; its loops form a temporary sleeve. After growth, pneumatic actuators inflate and deflate to stimulate mechanoreceptors in the skin at distinguishable locations. This paper describes the design and manufacturing of HapWRAP, reports its performance metrics, and tests its suitability as a haptic feedback device. Participants were able to interpret force and direction cues from HapWRAP with 92.5% accuracy. These findings suggest that HapWRAP can be successfully used for applications where both force and direction cues are necessary.
Establishing Accurate High-Resolution Crystal Structures in the Absence of Diffraction Data and Single Crystals—An NMR Approach (2013)

Predicting accurate crystal structures from theoretical consideration has proven to be remarkably challenging. Although significant progress has been made and numerous approaches have now been investigated, selection of the correct structure as the first choice in blind studies is still rarely achieved. Here a process is described that consistently identifies the correct structure from the myriad candidates created from typical crystal structure prediction software. This approach relies on 13C solid-state NMR data and a secondary refinement process that includes lattice fields. Four structures are considered, and in all cases the correct structure is selected as the first choice and the only statistically feasible candidate. Data from 13C chemical shift tensor principal values are found to provide better selectivity, but 13C isotropic shifts also consistently identify the correct structure. This process involves only experimental NMR data and computer-generated structures, yet the structures created appear to rival the accuracy of structures derived from single crystal diffraction methods including single crystal neutron diffraction.
Cetirizine, a Second-Generation H1 Antagonist, Modulates Rantes and MCP-1 Levels in Allergic Rhinitis (2002)

Chemokines and their receptors are involved in several allergic diseases. We measured RANTES and MCP-1 levels in sera of allergic rhinitis patients, and also we evaluated the effect of cetrizine, a second-generation H1 antagonist, on these chemoattractant proteins. 15 subjects were studied (10 males and 5 females; mean age: 26.7 years). They were suffering from perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis induced by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (8 patients) or by grasses (7 patients). RANTES and MCP-1 serum levels were detected with an enzyme immunoassay before and after two weeks of treatment with 10 mg of cetirizine daily, and again after two weeks of washout. Baseline serum levels of RANTES and MCP-1 chemokines were significantly higher (p < 0.02 and p = 0.007, respectively) in allergic patients than in the healthy control group. Cetirizine resulted in a significant decrease in RANTES (p < 0.02) and MCP-1 (p = 0.003) versus baseline values. There is an increase in RANTES and MCP-1 in allergic rhinitis, which is counteracted by cetirizine.
Adaptive null-forming scheme in digital hearing aids (2002)

We propose an effective adaptive null-forming scheme for two nearby microphones in endfire orientation that are used in digital hearing aids and in many other hearing devices. This adaptive null-forming scheme is mainly based on an adaptive combination of two fixed polar patterns that act to make the null of the combined polar pattern of the system output always be toward the direction of the noise. The adaptive combination of these two fixed polar patterns is accomplished by simply updating an adaptive gain following the output of the first polar pattern unit. The value of this gain is updated by minimizing the power of the system output, and related adaptive algorithms to update this gain are also given. We have implemented this proposed system on the basis of a programmable DSP chip and performed various tests. Theoretical analyses and testing results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed system and the accuracy of its implementation.
Abundant and diverse bacteria involved in DMSP degradation in marine surface waters (2008)

An expanded analysis of oceanic metagenomic data indicates that the majority of prokaryotic cells in marine surface waters have the genetic capability to demethylate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). The 1701 homologues of the DMSP demethylase gene, dmdA, identified in the (2007) Global Ocean Sampling (GOS) metagenome, are sufficient for 58% (+/-9%) of sampled cells to participate in this critical step in the marine sulfur cycle. This remarkable frequency of DMSP-demethylating cells is in accordance with biogeochemical data indicating that marine phytoplankton direct up to 10% of fixed carbon to DMSP synthesis, and that most of this DMSP is subsequently degraded by bacteria via demethylation. The GOS metagenomic data also revealed a new cluster of dmdA sequences (designated Clade E) that implicates marine gammaproteobacteria in DMSP demethylation, along with previously recognized alphaproteobacterial groups Roseobacter and SAR11. Analyses of G+C content and gene order indicate that lateral gene transfer is likely responsible for the wide distribution of dmdA among diverse taxa, contributing to the homogenization of biogeochemical roles among heterotrophic marine bacterioplankton. Candidate genes for the competing bacterial degradation process that converts DMSP to the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) (dddD and dddL) occur infrequently in the (2007) GOS metagenome, suggesting either that the key DMS-producing bacterial genes are yet to be identified or that DMS formation by free-living bacterioplankton is insignificant relative to their demethylation activity.
Point Source Location Sensitivity Analysis (1986)

This paper presents the results of an analysis of point source location accuracy and sensitivity as a function of focal plane geometry, optical blur spot, and location algorithm. Five specific blur spots are treated: gaussian, diffraction-limited circular aperture with and without central obscuration (obscured and clear bessinc, respectively), diffraction-limited rectangular aperture, and a pill box distribution. For each blur spot, location accuracies are calculated for square, rectangular, and hexagonal detector shapes of equal area. The rectangular detectors are arranged on a hexagonal lattice. The two location algorithms consist of standard and generalized centroid techniques. Hexagonal detector arrays are shown to give the best performance under a wide range of conditions.
REVIEWS Forerunners of the French Novel. An Essay on the Development of the Nouvelle in the later Middle Ages. By FERRIERJANET M.. Manchester: University Press. 1954. 124 pp. 12s. 6d. (1956)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Forerunners of the French Novel. An Essay on the Development of the Nouvelle in the later Middle Ages. By JANET M. FERRIER. Manchester: University Press. 1954. 124 pp. 12s. 6d. G. HALL G. HALL LONDON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume X, Issue 1, January 1956, Pages 68–70, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/X.1.68 Published: 01 January 1956
A scalable multi‐level preconditioner for matrix‐free µ‐finite element analysis of human bone structures (2007)

Abstract The recent advances in microarchitectural bone imaging disclose the possibility to assess both the apparent density and the trabecular microstructure of intact bones in a single measurement. Coupling these imaging possibilities with microstructural finite element (µFE) analysis offers a powerful tool to improve bone stiffness and strength assessment for individual fracture risk prediction. Many elements are needed to accurately represent the intricate microarchitectural structure of bone; hence, the resulting µFE models possess a very large number of degrees of freedom. In order to be solved quickly and reliably on state‐of‐the‐art parallel computers, the µFE analyses require advanced solution techniques. In this paper, we investigate the solution of the resulting systems of linear equations by the conjugate gradient algorithm, preconditioned by aggregation‐based multigrid methods. We introduce a variant of the preconditioner that does not need assembling the system matrix but uses element‐by‐element techniques to build the multilevel hierarchy. The preconditioner exploits the voxel approach that is common in bone structure analysis, and it has modest memory requirements, at the same time robust and scalable. Using the proposed methods, we have solved in 12min a model of trabecular bone composed of 247 734 272 elements, yielding a matrix with 1 178 736 360 rows, using 1024 CRAY XT3 processors. The ability to solve, for the first time, large biomedical problems with over 1 billion degrees of freedom on a routine basis will help us improve our understanding of the influence of densitometric, morphological, and loading factors in the etiology of osteoporotic fractures such as commonly experienced at the hip, spine, and wrist. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.