gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow measurement using high speed spectral optical coherence tomography (2011)

Optical Coherence Tomography is a non-invasive imaging modality with high resolution (5 to 20μm) that can provide flow velocity information by calculating the Doppler frequency shift. In this paper, a high speed spectral domain optical coherence tomography system was demonstrated. An achievable scanning speed of 92k line/sec has been reached by using an ultra-high speed linear array CCD camera. The measurable flow velocity range is [-24, 24]mm/s using this system. Early stage Chicken embryo heart blood flow was measured in vivo.
Review of high fidelity imaging spectrometer design for remote sensing (2018)

We review the design and assessment techniques that underlie a number of successfully deployed space and airborne imaging spectrometers that have been demonstrated to achieve demanding specifications in terms of throughput and response uniformity. The principles are illustrated with telescope designs as well as spectrometer examples from the Offner and Dyson families. We also show how the design space can be extended with the use of freeform surfaces and provide additional design examples with grating as well as prism dispersive elements.
A Comprehensive Call Management Strategy for Congestion Control in Cellular Networks (2007)

Congestion in cellular networks during peak hours and at hot spots is a major problem being faced today almost everywhere especially in metro cities. Even though capacity increase seems to be a natural solution to this problem, it is not economically viable due to heavy infrastructure costs involved. As the traffic demand is continuously increasing the problem of congestion is going to remain forever and therefore needs to be effectively addressed. Our proposed scheme tries to address the problem of congestion in cellular networks by introducing a new concept of call duration control coupled with dynamic pricing and call-on-hold principle. Long duration calls in the network is one of the major reasons for congestion in the network. We propose to restrict the duration of such calls depending upon traffic conditions. At heavy traffic conditions the network restricts the duration of ongoing calls upto a specific time beyond which the user has to pay at a higher tariff. At the same time a principle of call-on-hold is also implemented so that if a newly generated call does not get a traffic channel then it is not blocked but is put on hold in a queue hoping to get a channel soon. Our scheme reduces the level of congestion substantially without any compromise with system utilization and at the same time it also marginally increases the revenue per unit time.
Potato yellow mosaic geminivirus AC2 protein is a sequence non‐specific DNA binding protein (1996)

The AC2 protein of potato yellow mosaic geminivirus (PYMV) is by analogy with related geminiviruses thought to be a transcriptional activator protein. We have over-expressed the AC2 open reading frame in E. coli and purified the protein from bacterial extracts to near homogeneity. We have studied the interaction of the AC2 protein with DNA and from gel retardation assays shown that it binds both double-stranded (ds) and single-stranded (ss) DNA non-specifically. The binding to PYMV intergenic region ds DNA appeared to be independent of the presence of zinc ions and did not require the protein to be phosphorylated.
The LHeC detector (2013)

The Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) is a proposed upgrade to the LHC, to provide high energy, high luminosity electron-proton collisions to run concurrently with Phase 2 of the LHC. The baseline design of a detector for the LHeC is described, driven by the requirements from the projected physics programme and including some preliminary results from first simulations.
Control Systems with Friction (1996)

Friction-related problems are frequently encountered in control systems. This thesis treats three aspects of such problems: modeling, analysis, and friction compensation. A new dynamic friction model is presented and investigated. The model is described by a first order nonlinear differential equation with a reasonable number of parameters, yet it captures most of the experimentally observed friction phenomena. The model is suitable both for simulation purposes and control design. Analysis of friction-generated limit cycles in control systems is the second topic of the thesis. A distinction is made between limit cycles with and without periods of sticking. Oscillations without sticking where the velocity is zero only for single time instants can be treated as oscillations in relay-feedback systems for which tools are available. These tools are in the thesis extended to oscillations with sticking where the velocity is kept at zero for a period of time by the friction. The new tools give a procedure for exact computation of shape and stability of limit cycles caused by friction. The procedure requires the solution of a nonlinear equation system and that the feasibility of the solution is checked. The method is applied to several examples and comparisons are made with describing function analysis. The thesis also treats friction compensation based on the new model. A friction force observer is developed which enables model based friction compensation. The observer can be combined with traditional linear compensators. Stability theorems are given which allows a wide range of controller designs. The compensation scheme is applied to an example where the performance is studied with respect to model errors and disturbances. The resulting control error is thoroughly investigated. It is described how a simple statistical analysis of the error can give information on the success of the friction compensation. Furthermore the error during zero velocity crossings provides information on how model parameters should be changed.
<title>Dielectric properties of thin-film SrTiO<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> grown on LaAlO<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> with YBa<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>Cu<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula>O<formula><inf><roman>7-x</roman></inf></formula> electrodes</title> (1994)

We have fabricated and characterized YBCO (YBa<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7-x</SUB>) microstrip resonators on LAO (LaAlO<SUB>3</SUB>) substrates that include thin film STO (SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB>) coplanar capacitors to study the dielectric properties of thin film STO. The low frequency capacitance of the STO/LAO capacitor is measured as a function of temperature and dc bias. We use the observed resonant frequencies to extract the microwave frequency capacitance of the structure and the Qs to determine the microwave losses. A conformal map is developed and used to transform the observed capacitances into dielectric constant values for the thin film STO.
A Hybrid Optoelectronic Networks-on-Chip Architecture (2014)

Optical/Photonic networks-on-chip (NoC) have been considered as a promising and viable paradigm to interconnect a large number of processing cores at chip level. Hybrid optoelectronic NoCs provide a more practical solution by using the electronic network for local communication while the optical network for global communication. This paper explores how to efficiently combine optical and electronic networks to build a hybrid NoC. A butterfly fat tree-based hybrid optoelectronic NoC architecture is proposed using the generic wavelength-routed optical router. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with electronic mesh- and CMesh-based NoCs, the proposed hybrid NoC achieves the best power efficiency with comparable throughput and significantly reduces the latency under localized traffic.
Selection and Characterization of Conditionally Active Promoters in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> , Using Alanine Racemase as a Promoter Probe (2004)

This paper describes the use of the alr gene, encoding alanine racemase, as a promoter-screening tool for the identification of conditional promoters in Lactobacillus plantarum. Random fragments of the L. plantarum WCFS1 genome were cloned upstream of the promoterless alr gene of Lactococcus lactis in a low-copy-number plasmid vector. The resulting plasmid library was introduced into an L. plantarum Deltaalr strain (MD007), and 40,000 clones were selected. The genome coverage of the library was estimated to be 98%, based on nucleotide insert sequence and restriction analyses of the inserts of randomly selected clones. The library was screened for clones that were capable of complementing the D-alanine auxotroph phenotype of MD007 in media containing up to 10, 100, or 300 micro g of the competitive Alr inhibitor D-cycloserine per ml. Western blot analysis with polyclonal antibodies raised against lactococcal Alr revealed that the Alr production level required for growth increased in the presence of increasing concentrations of D-cycloserine, adding a quantitative factor to the primarily qualitative nature of the alr complementation screen. Screening of the alr complementation library for clones that could grow only in the presence of 0.8 M NaCl resulted in the identification of eight clones that upon Western blot analysis showed significantly higher Alr production under high-salt conditions than under low-salt conditions. These results established the effectiveness of the alanine racemase complementation screening method for the identification of promoters on their conditional or constitutive activity.
591. An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides. Part XI. The 1 : 2-diglycerides, and further observations on 1 : 3-diglycerides (1951)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
The Great Oxymoron Contest (1983)

An oxymoron is defined by Willard Espy in the Garden of Eloquence (Harper and Row, 1983) as "a figure in which an epithet of contrary meaning is added to a word". He gives several examples, including "their love was bittersweet, "wise folly, and "a deafening silence".
Biological activity of sulfated schizophyllan. (1986)

a beta-l,3-D-glucan with beta-1,6 single glucosyl side chains, strongly inhibits sarcoma 180 in \ivo}\ This glucan is a rod-like triple helix in aqueous solution, and is molecularly dispersed in dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO).2)
Correlation of Parasite Burden, kDNA Integration, Autoreactive Antibodies, and Cytokine Pattern in the Pathophysiology of Chagas Disease (2019)

Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> (<i>T. cruzi</i>), is the main parasitic disease in the Western Hemisphere. Unfortunately, its physiopathology is not completely understood, and cardiomegaly development is hard to predict. Trying to explain tissue lesion and the fact that only a percentage of the infected individuals develops clinical manifestations, a variety of mechanisms have been suggested as the provokers of CD, such as parasite persistence and autoimmune responses. However, holistic analysis of how parasite and host-related elements may connect to each other and influence clinical outcome is still scarce in the literature. Here, we investigated murine models of CD caused by three different pathogen strains: Colombian, CL Brener and Y strains, and employed parasitological and immunological tests to determine parasite load, antibody reactivity, and cytokine production during the acute and chronic phases of the disease. Also, we developed a quantitative PCR (qPCR) protocol to quantify <i>T. cruzi</i> kDNA minicircle integration into the mammalian host genome. Finally, we used a correlation analysis to interconnect parasite- and host-related factors over time. Higher parasite load in the heart and in the intestine was significantly associated with IgG raised against host cardiac proteins. Also, increased heart and bone marrow parasitism was associated with a more intense leukocyte infiltration. kDNA integration rates correlated to the levels of IgG antibodies reactive to host cardiac proteins and interferon production, both influencing tissue inflammation. In conclusion, our results shed light into how inflammatory process associates with parasite load, kDNA transfer to the host, autoreactive autoantibody production and cytokine profile. Altogether, our data support the proposal of an updated integrative theory regarding CD pathophysiology.
PYRROLE CHEMISTRY: II. 2-PYRROLECARBONITRILE, 1-METHYL-2-PYRROLECARBONITRILE, AND THEIR NITRATION PRODUCTS (1959)

The 2-nitriles of pyrrole and 1-methylpyrrole have been prepared by the dehydration of the corresponding aldoximes. These compounds have been nitrated and the ratios of 4- and 5-nitro isomers have been determined. The 2-cyano group appears to be less strongly "meta"-directing (i.e. toward the 4-position) during nitration in the pyrrole series than in the benzene ring.
An 18 ns CMOS/SOS 4K static RAM (1981)

A high-speed CMOS/SOS 4K word/spl times/1 bit static RAM is described. The RAM features a MoSi/SUB 2/ gate CMOS/SOS technology with 2 /spl mu/m gate length and 500 /spl Aring/ thick gate oxide. Performance advantage of SOS over bulk is discussed for the scaled-down MOS LSI with 1-2 /spl mu/m gate. A standard 6-transistor CMOS cell and a two-stage sense amplifier scheme are utilized. In spite of the rather conservative 3.5 /spl mu/m design rule except for the 2 /spl mu/m gate length, the cell size of 36/spl times/36 /spl mu/m, the die size of 3.11/spl times/4.07 mm, and the typical read access and cycle time of 18 ns are achieved. The active and standby power dissipation are 200 mW and 50 /spl mu/W, respectively.
High resolution selective multilayer laser processing by nanosecond laser ablation of metal nanoparticle films (2007)

Ablation of gold nanoparticle films on polymer was explored using a nanosecond pulsed laser, with the goal to achieve feature size reduction and functionality not amenable with inkjet printing. The ablation threshold fluence for the unsintered nanoparticle deposit was at least ten times lower than the reported threshold for the bulk film. This could be explained by the combined effects of melting temperature depression, lower conductive heat transfer loss, strong absorption of the incident laser beam, and the relatively weak bonding between nanoparticles. The ablation physics were verified by the nanoparticle sintering characterization, ablation threshold measurement, time resolved ablation plume shadowgraphs, analysis of ablation ejecta, and the measurement and calculation of optical properties. High resolution and clean feature fabrication with small energy and selective multilayer processing are demonstrated.
IS THERE AN INTERMEDIATE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE IN THE GALACTIC CENTER: IMPRINTS ON THE STELLAR TIDAL-DISRUPTION RATE (2012)

It has been suggested that an intermediate-massive black hole (IMBH) with mass $10^{3-5} M_\odot$ could fall into the galactic center (GC) and form a massive black hole binary (MBHB) with the central supermassive black hole, but current observations are not sensitive to constrain all mass and distance ranges. Motivated by the recent discovery that MBHBs could enhance the rate of tidal-disruption events (TDEs) of stellar objects, we investigate the prospect of using stellar-disruption rate to probe IMBHs in the GC. We incorporated the perturbation by an IMBH into the loss-cone theory and calculated the stellar-disruption rates in the GC. We found that an IMBH heavier than $2000 M_\odot$ could distinguishably enhance the stellar-disruption rate. By comparing observations of Sgr A* with the fall-back model for stellar debris, we suggested that the TDE rate in our Galaxy should not significantly exceed $0.002 yr^{-1}$, therefore a fraction of the parameter space for the IMBH, concentrating at the high-mass end, can already be excluded. To derive constraint in the remaining parameter space, it is crucial to observationally confirm or reject the stellar-disruption rate between $10^{-4}$ and $10^{-2} yr^{-1}$, and we discussed possible strategies to make such measurements.
Reversible Solubilization and Precipitation of Carbon Nanotubes through Oxidation–Reduction Reactions of a Solubilizing Agent (2008)

Complex control of solubility: Single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) can be dissolved in organic solvents by formation of a complex with a 2,2′-bipyridine derivative and Cu through mechanochemical high-speed vibration milling. The conformational change of the CuI/CuII complexes resulting from chemical oxidation–reduction reactions induces different solubilities of the SWNTs because of differences in the π–π stacking interactions.
Management of catheter-related infection (2008)

Nosocomial infections related to the development of catheter-related infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among critically ill hospitalized patients. Despite important preventive efforts, these infections remain a daily concern for most clinicians. Significant improvements in the knowledge of their pathophysiology and diagnosis allow us to treat them more efficiently. Current practices, such as guidewire exchange of catheters suspected to be the source of clinical sepsis, are supported by indirect evidence only. Infected catheters should systematically be removed, but some of them may be salved by combining systemic and antibiotic-lock treatment. After reviewing some specific therapeutic aspects, we suggest a practical approach to manage catheter-related infections.
Blind digital signal separation using successive interference cancellation iterative least squares (2000)

Blind separation of instantaneous linear mixtures of digital signals is a basic problem in communications. When little or nothing can be assumed about the mixing matrix, signal separation may be achieved by exploiting structural properties of the transmitted signals, e.g., finite alphabet or coding constraints. We propose a monotonically convergent and computationally efficient iterative least squares (ILS) blind separation algorithm based on an optimal scaling lemma. The signal estimation step of the proposed algorithm is reminiscent of successive interference cancellation (SIC) ideas. For well-conditioned data and moderate SNR, the proposed SIC-ILS algorithm provides a better performance/complexity tradeoff than competing ILS algorithms. Coupled with blind algebraic digital signal separation methods, SIC-ILS offers a computationally inexpensive true least squares refinement option. We also point out that a widely used ILS finite alphabet blind separation algorithm can exhibit limit cycle behavior.
Pore stability and dynamics in polymer membranes (2003)

Vesicles self-assembled from amphiphilic diblock copolymers exhibit a wide diversity of behavior upon electroporation, due to competitions between edge, surface and bending energies that drive the system, while different viscous dissipation mechanisms determine the timescales. These effects are manifestations of the varying membrane thickness d from what are essentially chemically identical molecules. For smaller d, we find large unstable pores and the resulting membrane fragments reassemble into vesicles within minutes. Vesicles with larger d form long-lived pores of nanometer dimension that could be potentially useful for sieving applications and drug delivery.
Exploring system performance using elastic traces: Fast, accurate and portable (2016)

Simulation tools are indispensable to computer architects. Detailed execution-driven CPU models offer high accuracy, but at the cost of simulation speed. Trace-driven simulation is widely adopted to alleviate this problem, especially for studies focusing on memory-system exploration. Ideally, trace-driven core models will mimic out-of-order processors executing full-system workloads to enable computer architects to evaluate modern systems. Additionally, to be useful to the broader community the tracing and replay models should be publicly available. However, existing trace-driven approaches are limited in their applicability and availability. We propose elastic traces in which we accurately capture data and load/store order dependencies by instrumenting a detailed out-of-order processor model. In contrast to existing work, we do not rely on offline analysis of timestamps, and instead use accurate dependency information tracked inside the processor pipeline. We thereby account for the effects of speculation and branch misprediction resulting in a more accurate trace playback. We provide a trace player that honours the dependencies and thus adapts its execution time to memory-system changes, as would the actual CPU. Compared to the detailed CPU, our trace player achieves a speed-up of 6–8 times. When modifying the memory-system parameters, the average error in absolute execution time is 7% for SPEC 2006 benchmarks on a bare metal system and 17% for HPC benchmarks on Linux. Relative performance is predicted with less than 3% error, achieving fast and accurate system performance exploration. We make this functionality available to the broader community via a widely-used open source full-system simulator.
Incidence of transcranial Doppler-detected cerebral microemboli in patients referred for echocardiography. (1994)

Microemboli can be found in a significant percentage of selected patients referred for echocardiography. The prevalence of microembolism is greater in patients with a known high risk of embolization (eg, prosthetic valves) and less in patients with a lower risk of embolization (eg, atrial fibrillation). These microemboli may be associated with an increased prevalence of previous stroke in patients with prosthetic valves.
Normal densities of 5-HT3 receptor recognition sites in Alzheimerʼs disease (1990)

The present studies investigate the possible difference in 5-HT3 receptor recognition site density in amygdaloid and hippocampal homogenates from patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with age-matched controls. The 5-HT3 receptor recognition site radioligand [3H]-(S)-zacopride identified a comparable density of specific sites (defined by granisetron 10.0 microM) in tissues obtained from patients with Alzheimer's disease as compared to age-matched controls (amygdala, Bmax 41 +/- 4 and 43 +/- 9; hippocampus, Bmax 59 +/- 9 and 51 +/- 9 fmol mg-3 protein; tissue from Alzheimer's disease patients and age-matched controls, respectively, mean +/- s.e.m., n = 7-8). These results suggest that the density of 5-HT3 receptor recognition sites labelled by [3H]-(S)-zacopride are not altered in the amygdala and hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORENE‐9‐METHYL‐, A PHOSPHATE PROTECTING GROUP: ITS APPLICATION IN THE PHOSPHOTRIESTER APPROACH THROUGH THE SYNTHESIS OF TETRACOSATHYMIDYLIC ACID (1982)

Abstract Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die 9‐Fluorenylmethyl‐Gruppe als Schutzgruppe der 3. OH‐Gruppe in Phosphorsäurediestern geeignet ist, die in Oligonucleotiden in 3‐Position als Schutzgruppe fungieren.