gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Spatial-Frequency Response of First-Order and Second-Order Lateral Visual Interactions: Grating Induction and Contrast – Contrast (2005)

The magnitudes of two suprathreshold lateral spatial-interaction effects--grating induction and contrast--contrast--were compared with regard to their dependence upon inducing-grating spatial frequency. Both effects cause the contrast of target stimuli embedded in surrounding patterns to be matched nonveridically. The magnitudes of each effect were measured in a common unit that indexed the degree of nonveridical contrast matching across a large range of target-grating contrasts (+/- 0.80). Grating induction was a low-pass effect with respect to spatial frequency, whereas contrast-contrast was bandpass, peaking at approximately 4.0 cycles deg(-1). The magnitude of grating induction exceeded that of contrast--contrast, both overall and at their optimal frequencies (0.03125 and 4.0 cycles deg(-1), respectively); the two effects are equipotent at an inducing-grating spatial frequency of 1.0 cycle deg(-1). A significant negative correlation between the magnitudes of the two effects suggests a link whereby activation of second-order normalization mechanisms may inhibit first-order mechanisms.
Challenges and opportunities of vertical FET devices using 3D circuit design layouts (2016)

We report on vertical nanowire FET devices (VNWFETs) with a gate-all-around (GAA) configuration, which offer promising opportunities to enable further CMOS scaling and increased circuit layout efficiency. They allow up to 30% denser SRAM bitcells with improved read and write stability, smaller minimum operating voltages (Vmin), and lower standby leakage values as compared to cells built with lateral GAA-NWFETs. Furthermore, vertical stacking of these devices also opens the path for SRAM 3D scaling, with a design presented here that can enable, with two levels of transistors in the vertical direction, to reduce by 39% the SRAM area per bit. The two vertically stacked VNWFETs are of the same doping type (n/n or p/p), and a lower complexity of implementation may be possible by taking advantage of the junctionless (JL) concept and its process simplicity, a topic also explored in this work.
A short and convenient synthesis of [1-18O] and [4-18O] vitamin K1 (1998)

Vitamin K1 was quantitatively reduced by Na2S2O4 to dihydrovitamin K1 (2). The hydroquinone 2 was partially methylated by CH3I/K2CO3 to give a mixture of 1 and 4 monomethylethers which were separated by HPLC. Each monoether was oxidized by ceric ammonium nitrate in the presence of [18O] H2O to afford the specifically labelled [1-18O] or [4-18O] vitamin K1 with isotopic enrichments of 93–95%. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary Flavonoids and the Risk of Lung Cancer and Other Malignant Neoplasms (1997)

Flavonoids are effective antioxidants and, in theory, may provide protection against cancer, although direct human evidence of this is scarce. The relation between the intake of antioxidant flavonoids and subsequent risk of cancer was studied among 9,959 Finnish men and women aged 15-99 years and initially cancer free. Food consumption was estimated by the dietary history method, covering the total habitual diet during the previous year. During a follow-up in 1967-1991, 997 cancer cases and 151 lung cancer cases were diagnosed. An inverse association was observed between the intake of flavonoids and incidence of all sites of cancer combined. The sex- and age-adjusted relative risk of all sites of cancer combined between the highest and lowest quartiles of flavonoid intake was 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.67-0.96). This association was mainly a result of lung cancer, which presented a corresponding relative risk of 0.54 (95% confidence interval 0.34-0.87). The association between flavonoid intake and lung cancer incidence was not due to the intake of antioxidant vitamins or other potential confounding factors, as adjustment for factors such as smoking and intakes of energy, vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene did not materially alter the results. The association was strongest in persons under 50 years of age and in nonsmokers with relative risks of 0.33 (95% confidence interval 0.15-0.77) and 0.13 (95% confidence interval 0.03-0.58), respectively. Of the major dietary flavonoid sources, the consumption of apples showed an inverse association with lung cancer incidence, with a relative risk of 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.23-0.76) after adjustment for the intake of other fruits and vegetables. The results are in line with the hypothesis that flavonoid intake in some circumstances may be involved in the cancer process, resulting in lowered risks.
Extruder Texturized Foods from Underutilized Fish Tissue (1993)

Abstract Underutilized fish tissue alone or in combination with cereal grain flours can be processed by high-temperature-short-time (HTST) plasticating extruders to produce shelf-stable, texturized food products with a range of rheological and nutritional properties. This study has provided guidance for: (I) The design of processes for (a) expanded snack foods to be eaten from the hand with protein contents of 10 to 30%, and (b) meat extenders, or substitutes, with protein contents of 50 to 90%; and (II) The evaluation of the effects of independently controlled variables (feed composition and extruder operating parameters) on product characteristics. The primary purpose was to generate information to guide the prediction of extrudate properties from known extrusion system parameters and to determine optimal sets of extrusion conditions for given types of products.
Gel retardation at low pH resolves trp repressor-DNA complexes for quantitative study. (1988)

The affinity and stoichiometry of DNA binding by Escherichia coli trp repressor were studied by electrophoresis in nondenaturing gels. The ability of trp repressor to retard the electrophoretic mobility of an operator DNA fragment depends on the pH of the gel system. Above the pI of the protein, little retardation of DNA is observed, although complex formation can be detected by other assays. As the pH of the gel is lowered, retardation is enhanced. The apparent dissociation constant for the interaction between trp repressor and trpEDCBA operator fragments is 0.5 nM under the conditions used here. Nonspecific binding occurs with only about 200-fold weaker affinity. The stoichiometries of specific and nonspecific complexes were determined directly by using trp repressor labeled in vivo. High-affinity operator binding requires a single dimer of trp repressor. DNase I-protection analysis ("footprinting") was used to confirm the dissociation constants and to locate the binding site.
Nuclear and nucleolar localization of the 72,000-dalton heat shock protein in heat-shocked mammalian cells. (1984)

The intracellular location of the major induced mammalian heat shock (or stress) protein (Mr = 72,000) has been determined by both biochemical and immunological methods. This protein, shown here to be comprised of at least three structurally related isoforms, is produced at high levels within 30 min to 1 h following heat treatment of cells. Biochemical fractionation of cells grown under heat shock showed that following its synthesis a portion of the 72,000-Da protein (and its isoforms) becomes associated with the nucleus while some remains in the cytoplasm. Indirect immunofluorescence studies using antiserum directed against the major isoforms of the 72,000-Da protein were carried out in normal and heat-shocked cells as well as in cells grown under stress by exposure to either an amino acid analogue or to sodium arsenite. Diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was observed in cells grown at 37 degrees C. In cells grown under heat shock conditions, both the cytoplasmic staining and the nuclear staining were found to increase with the nuclear staining consisting of both granular and patch-like structures, the latter being coincident with phase-dense nucleoli. In the case of cells exposed to amino acid analogues or to sodium arsenite, only cytoplasmic and to a lesser extent nuclear staining was observed, i.e. no localized nucleolar fluorescence was observed. Following return of heat shock-treated cells to normal growth temperatures, both the synthesis of the 72,000-Dalton stress protein and its nucleolar staining were found to diminish.
Use of Recombinant Tobacco Mosaic Virus To Achieve RNA Interference in Plants against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (2013)

The citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri, is an important plant pest with a very broad plant host range. P. citri is a phloem feeder and loss of plant vigor and stunting are characteristic symptoms induced on a range of host plants, but P. citri also reduces fruit quality and causes fruit drop leading to significant yield reductions. Better strategies for managing this pest are greatly needed. RNA interference (RNAi) is an emerging tool for functional genomics studies and is being investigated as a practical tool for highly targeted insect control. Here we investigated whether RNAi effects can be induced in P. citri and whether candidate mRNAs could be identified as possible targets for RNAi-based P. citri control. RNAi effects were induced in P. citri, as demonstrated by specific target reductions of P. citri actin, chitin synthase 1 and V-ATPase mRNAs after injection of the corresponding specific double-stranded RNA inducers. We also used recombinant Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to express these RNAi effectors in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. We found that P. citri showed lower fecundity and pronounced death of crawlers after feeding on recombinant TMV-infected plants. Taken together, our data show that actin, chitin synthase 1 and V-ATPase mRNAs are potential targets for RNAi against P. citri, and that recombinant TMV is an effective tool for evaluating candidate RNAi effectors in plants.
Efficient parallel selective separable-kernel convolution on heterogeneous processors (2010)

Separable kernel convolution is a fundamental operation for image processing and computer vision applications. Existing parallel implementations of convolution operation convolve a whole image with a separable kernel. While such algorithms are efficient, not all the computed convolutions are necessarily utilized by the underlying application. In this paper we introduce an integrated parallel selective separable-kernel convolution method with adaptive load balancing, for both homogeneous and heterogeneous multi-core processors. The method allows for only computing convolutions at selected points efficiently, making use of partial convolution results computed previously. The method also automatically load-balances the convolution computation among core/processors with different processing speeds. The load-balancing is a hybrid dynamic/static one that adapts load-balancing for sequences of video frames, allowing for fast convolution operation on video streams. Our method is studied on the computation of the Difference of Gaussian operation. Performance assessment results show a remarkable load-balancing reaching 80% of optimum load balance for both heterogeneous and homogeneous processor systems.
Optimization and Calibration of Slat Position for a SPECT With Slit-Slat Collimator and Pixelated Detector Crystals (2011)

To expand the availability of SPECT for biomedical research, we developed a SPECT imaging system on an existing animal PET detector by adding a slit-slat collimator. As the detector crystals are pixelated, the relative slat-to-crystal position (SCP) in the axial direction affects the photon flux distribution onto the crystals. The accurate knowledge of SCP is important to the axial resolution and sensitivity of the system. This work presents a method for optimizing SCP in system design and for determining SCP in system geometrical calibration. The optimization was achieved by finding the SCP that provides higher spatial resolution in terms of average-root-mean-square ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R̅M̅S̅</i> ) width of the axial point spread function (PSF) without loss of sensitivity. The calibration was based on the least-square-error method that minimizes the difference between the measured and modeled axial point spread projections. The uniqueness and accuracy of the calibration results were validated through a singular value decomposition (SVD) based approach. Both the optimization and calibration techniques were evaluated with Monte Carlo (MC) simulated data. We showed that the [R̅M̅S̅] was improved about 15% with the optimal SCP as compared to the least-optimal SCP, and system sensitivity was not affected by SCP. The SCP error achieved by the proposed calibration method was less than 0.04 mm. The calibrated SCP value was used in MC simulation to generate the system matrix which was used for image reconstruction. The images of simulated phantoms showed the expected resolution performance and were artifact free. We conclude that the proposed optimization and calibration method is effective for the slit-slat collimator based SPECT systems.
Improvement of formation properties evaluation through the processing and interpretation results of the EVA tool recordings (1984)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984Improvement of formation properties evaluation through the processing and interpretation results of the EVA tool recordingsAuthors: Patricia C. ArdittyGeorges ArensPhilippe StaronPatricia C. ArdittySociete Nationale ELF Aquitaine (Production), France, Georges ArensSociete Nationale ELF Aquitaine (Production), France, and Philippe StaronSociete Nationale ELF Aquitaine (Production), Francehttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894028 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894028FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1984 Pages: 856 publication data© 1984 Copyright © 1984 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 24 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Patricia C. Arditty, Georges Arens, and Philippe Staron, (1984), "Improvement of formation properties evaluation through the processing and interpretation results of the EVA tool recordings," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894028 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Chemistry of Transition Metal Porphyrin Complexes (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Data Detection for Doubly-Selective MIMO Channels Using Decision-Directed Channel Tracking and Exponential Basis Models (2008)

We present a decision-directed tracking approach to doubly-selective MIMO channel estimation, exploiting the complex exponential basis expansion model (CE-BEM) for the overall channel variations, and an autoregressive (AR) model to update the BEM coefficients. We track the BEM coefficients via Kalman filtering, aided by symbol decisions from a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). The time gap between symbol decisions and required channel estimates, arising from the decision-directed tracking, is bridged by CE-BEM-based channel prediction using the estimated BEM coefficients. Simulation examples demonstrate its superior performance over the existing AR-based and subblock-wise channel tracking schemes.
Rate Control and Bit Allocation for JPEG Transcoding (2007)

An image transcoder that produces a baseline JPEG file from a baseline JPEG input is developed. The goal is to produce a high quality image while accurately meeting a filesize target and keeping computational complexity—especially the memory usage and number of passes at the input image—low. Building upon the work of He and Mitra, the JPEG transcoder exploits a linear relationship between the number of zero-valued quantized DCT coefficients and the bitrate. Using this relationship and a histogram of coefficients, it is possible to determine an effective way to scale the quantization tables of an image to approach a target filesize. As the image is being transcoded, an intra-image process makes minor corrections, saving more bits as needed throughout the transcoding of the image. This intra-image process decrements specific coefficients, minimizing the change in value (and hence image quality) while maximizing the savings in bitrate. The result is a fast JPEG transcoder that reliably achieves a target filesize and preserves as much image quality as possible. The proposed transcoder and several variations were tested on a set of twentynine images that gave a fair representation of typical JPEG photos. The evaluation metric consisted of three parts: first, the accuracy and precision of the output filesize with respect to the target filesize; second, the PSNR of the output image with respect to the original image; and third, the subjective visual image quality. VI-A Company Thesis Supervisor: Shizhong Liu Title: Staff Engineer, QUALCOMM M.I.T Thesis Supervisor: Vivek K. Goyal Title: Assistant Professor
A History of Christian Island and the Beausoleil Band (1990)

A research report about the history and culture of the Beausoleil Band and Christian Island. In collaboration with the Museum of Indian Archaeology (now Museum of Ontario Archaeology) in a project funded by the Ministry of Citizenship and Culture. This a project of the MA Public History program.
A complex‐difference phase‐contrast technique for measurement of volume flow rates (1995)

Magnetic resonance (MR) phase-difference methods work well for measuring volumetric flow rates when the vessel diameter is large compared with the in-plane voxel dimensions. For small vessels (eg, coronary arteries), partial-volume effects introduce substantial errors in the measured volume flow rate. To correctly measure flow rates through a voxel, both the fraction of the voxel containing moving spins and the phase shift imparted to those spins must be known. The authors propose a flow measurement method that combines information obtained with both the complex-difference and phase-difference processing techniques and thereby provides the fractional volume occupied by the moving spins and the phase of those spins. The complex-difference flow map method proposed results in improved accuracy of MR phase-contrast flow measurements in the presence of partial-volume effects.
Stability and structure of three-way DNA junctions containing unpaired nucleotides (1991)

Non-paired nucleotides stabilize the formation of three-way helical DNA junctions. Two or more unpaired nucleotides located in the junction region enable oligomers ten to fifteen nucleotides long to assemble, forming conformationally homogeneous junctions, as judged by native gel electrophoresis. The unpaired bases can be present on the same strand or on two different strands. Up to five extra bases on one strand have been tested and found to produce stable junctions. The formation of stable structures is favored by the presence of a divalent cation such as magnesium and by high monovalent salt concentration. The order-disorder transition of representative three-way junctions was monitored optically in the ultraviolet and analyzed to quantify thermodynamically the stabilization provided by unpaired bases in the junction region. We report the first measurements of the thermodynamics of adding an unpaired nucleotide to a nucleic acid three-way junction. We find that delta delta G degrees (37 degrees C) = +0.5 kcal/mol for increasing the number of unpaired adenosines from two to three. Three-way junctions having reporter arms 40 base-pairs long were also prepared. Each of the three reporter arms contained a unique restriction site 15 base-pairs from the junction. Asymmetric complexes produced by selectively cleaving each arm were analyzed on native gels. Cleavage of the double helical arm opposite the strand having the two extra adenosines resulted in a complex that migrated more slowly than complexes produced by cleavage at either of the other two arms. It is likely that the strand containing the unpaired adenosines is kinked at an acute angle, forming a Y-shaped, rather than a T-shaped junction.
Properties of Ceramic-Coated Nuclear-Fuel Particles (1964)

Of the several factors tending toward failure of fuel-particle coatings in irradiation, fuel swelling and radiation damage to the first 15–20 μm of coating by fission recoils are concluded to- deserve the greatest immediate attention. Whereas ceramic coatings of sufficient thickness might withstand the stress, thinner coatings containing cushion layers or voids can be designed in principle to accommodate the effects of radiation damage. This has been demonstrated for pyrolytic carbon and alumina coatings formed by chemical vapor-deposition reactions. These principles cannot be applied to oriented coatings whose grains suffer anisotropic radiation damage by neutrons. This factor may ultimately limit the applicability of BeO coatings.Crushing strength, density, and hardness data are presented which show that pyrolytic carbon coatings with the same microstructure can have a wide range of properties. It is concluded that pyrolytic carbon coatings are not properly characterized by the terms ‘laminar’ and ‘columnar’ frequently used to describe their appearance.In the case of Al and Be coatings obtained by hydrolysis of the respective chloride vapors, deposition temperature is the most significant factor determining grain structure and permeability. A12O3 coatings range from porous amorphous varieties, through an impermeable ‘glass’ to elongated grains extending through the coating. The equivalent of the Al2O3 glass has not been observed in the BeO coatings.MgO coatings can be expected to be of limited utility because of low strength. ZrO2 coatings have the deficiency of permitting rapid oxygen diffusion.
Mechanical and systemic concepts of feedback (1973)

A mechanistic concept of feedback in which a materially evident response is returned to the sender of a message is contrasted with a systemic concept of feedback as a relationship. Systemic feedback focuses attention upon information within systemic relationships. Various implications of this concept are explored including dyadic and small group analysis.
Image segmentation using K-mean clustering for finding tumor in medical application (2013)

Clustering algorithms have successfully been applied as a digital image segmentation technique in various fields and applications. However, those clustering algorithms are only applicable for specific images such as medical images, microscopic images etc. In this paper, we present a new clustering algorithm called Image segmentation using K-mean clustering for finding tumor in medical application which could be applied on general images and/or specific images (i.e., medical and microscopic images), captured using MRI, CT scan, etc. The algorithm employs the concepts of fuzziness and belongingness to provide a better and more adaptive clustering process as compared to several conventional clustering algorithms.