gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-Active Agents from Two <i>Bacillus</i> Species (1987)

Two Bacillus species were studied which produced bioemulsifiers; however, they were distinctly different compounds. Bacillus sp. strain IAF 343 produced unusually high yields of extracellular biosurfactant when grown on a medium containing only water-soluble substrates. The yield of 1 g/liter was appreciably better than those of most of the biosurfactants reported previously. This neutral lipid product, unlike most lipid biosurfactants, had significant emulsifying properties. It did not appreciably lower the surface tension of water. On the same medium, Bacillus cereus IAF 346 produced a more conventional polysaccharide bioemulsifier, but it also produced a monoglyceride biosurfactant. The bioemulsifier contained substantial amounts of glucosamine and originated as part of the capsule layer. The monoglyceride lowered the surface tension of water to 28 mN/m. It formed a strong association with the polysaccharide, and it was necessary to use ultrafiltration to effect complete separation. The removal of the monoglyceride caused the polysaccharide to precipitate. It is suggested that earlier reports of biopolymers which both stabilized emulsions and lowered surface tension were actually similar aggregates of lipid and bioemulsifier.
Can 4‐Aminopyridine be Used to Reverse Anaesthesia and Muscle Relaxation? (1983)

4-aminopyridine has earlier been shown to antagonize neuromuscular block and to release transmitters in CNS. In a study in man the drug was given intravenously at the end of anaesthesia in order to counteract muscle relaxation and possibly also anaesthesia. The effects were followed by clinical observations, intraarterial blood pressure recording, ECG, repetitive muscle nerve stimulation and EEG. It was shown that the drug could reverse the neuromuscular block in lightly curarized patients, but was not as efficient as synstigmine methylsulphate (Neostigmine). In two cases the drug produced a slowing of EEG activity, which was normalized by naloxone. No toxic effects of the drug were observed.
Dual fiber-ring depolarizer (2001)

A new depolarization device based on two incoherent fiber rings is proposed and demonstrated. A detailed theory is developed and verified through experiments, which show that the device is able to provide a very low output degree of polarization (-25.7 dB), independent of the input state of polarization.
A Stock-Taking Conference on the Negro (1928)

Journal Article A Stock-Taking Conference on the Negro Get access Guy B. Johnson Guy B. Johnson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 6, Issue 3, March 1928, Pages 445–447, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/6.3.445 Published: 01 March 1928
Analysis of flow development in centrifugal atomization: Part I. Film thickness of a fully spreading melt (2004)

Centrifugal atomization of metal melts is a cost-effective process for powder production and spray deposition. The properties of the as-produced powder and deposit are determined primarily by the characteristics of the atomized droplets, which in turn are largely dependent on the flow development of the melt on the atomizer. This paper develops a model for analysing the flow development of a fully spreading melt on and off the atomizing cup. The model can be used to calculate the velocity and film thickness of the melt as a function of melt volume flow rate, cup rotation speed, cup radius and cup slope angle, as well as to predict the trajectory of the spray off the cup. The model implies that the disintegration of a fully spreading melt takes place in the region just off the cup edge and the film thickness at the cup edge is a critical factor determining the sizes of the resultant droplets. The film thickness at the cup edge is shown to decrease with decreasing volume flow rate, with increasing cup rotation speed, with increasing cup radius and with decreasing cup slope angle.
Dcp2 Decaps m<sup>2,2,7</sup>GpppN-Capped RNAs, and Its Activity Is Sequence and Context Dependent (2005)

Hydrolysis of the mRNA cap plays a pivotal role in initiating and completing mRNA turnover. In nematodes, mRNA metabolism and cap-interacting proteins must deal with two populations of mRNAs, spliced leader trans-spliced mRNAs with a trimethylguanosine cap and non-trans-spliced mRNAs with a monomethylguanosine cap. We describe here the characterization of nematode Dcp1 and Dcp2 proteins. Dcp1 was inactive in vitro on both free cap and capped RNA and did not significantly enhance Dcp2 activity. Nematode Dcp2 is an RNA-decapping protein that does not bind cap and is not inhibited by cap analogs but is effectively inhibited by competing RNA irrespective of RNA sequence and cap. Nematode Dcp2 activity is influenced by both 5' end sequence and its context. The trans-spliced leader sequence on mRNAs reduces Dcp2 activity approximately 10-fold, suggesting that 5'-to-3' turnover of trans-spliced RNAs may be regulated. Nematode Dcp2 decaps both m(7)GpppG- and m(2,2,7)GpppG-capped RNAs. Surprisingly, both budding yeast and human Dcp2 are also active on m(2,2,7)GpppG-capped RNAs. Overall, the data suggest that Dcp2 activity can be influenced by both sequence and context and that Dcp2 may contribute to gene regulation in multiple RNA pathways, including monomethyl- and trimethylguanosine-capped RNAs.
Nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors (2005)

The unique properties of nanoscale materials offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In this Highlight I address recent research that has led to powerful nanomaterial-based electrical biosensing devices and examine future prospects and challenges. New nanoparticle-based signal amplification and coding strategies for bioaffinity assays are discussed, along with carbon-nanotube molecular wires for achieving efficient electrical communication with redox enzyme and nanowire-based label-free DNA sensors.
GTF2IRD1 in Craniofacial Development of Humans and Mice (2005)

Craniofacial abnormalities account for about one-third of all human congenital defects, but our understanding of the genetic mechanisms governing craniofacial development is incomplete. We show that GTF2IRD1 is a genetic determinant of mammalian craniofacial and cognitive development, and we implicate another member of the TFII-I transcription factor family, GTF2I, in both aspects. Gtf2ird1-null mice exhibit phenotypic abnormalities reminiscent of the human microdeletion disorder Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS); craniofacial imaging reveals abnormalities in both skull and jaws that may arise through misregulation of goosecoid, a downstream target of Gtf2ird1. In humans, a rare WBS individual with an atypical deletion, including GTF2IRD1, shows facial dysmorphism and cognitive deficits that differ from those of classic WBS cases. We propose a mechanism of cumulative dosage effects of duplicated and diverged genes applicable to other human chromosomal disorders.
Involvement of protein kinase C in various cellular systems transducting ischemia evoked signal. (1993)

(1) We favour a hypothesis that the delayed neuronal injury in hippocampus is initiated by the increase of intracellular calcium concentration, activating transiently Ca-dependent protein kinase. (2) The secondary effects of the postischemic, short-lasting PKC translocation/activation could involve: an activation of cAMP signaling pathway; an activation of early response protein like ornitine decarboxylase.
Strategies for Drug Encapsulation and Controlled Delivery Based on Vapor‐Phase Deposited Thin Films (2017)

Vapor‐phase deposition methods allow the synthesis and engineering of organic and inorganic thin films, with high control on the chemical composition, physical properties, and conformality. In this review, the recent applications of vapor‐phase deposition methods such as initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE‐CVD), and atomic layer deposition (ALD), for the encapsulation of active pharmaceutical drugs are reported. The strategies and emergent routes for the application of vapor‐deposited thin films on the drug controlled release and for the engineering of advanced release nanostructured devices are presented.
Internal Conformal Coatings for Microcircuits (1978)

Inadvertent inclusion of conductive particulate contaminants in sealed hybrid microcircuit packages often results in electrical failure of the device. Particles that escape detection by postsealing radiographic (X-ray) or particle impact noise analysis can be effectively immobilized by conformally coating the circuit with a thin resilient film of silicone, epoxy, or polyxylylene (parylene). The advantages and disadvantages of using each of these materials as a microcircuit coating are discussed, and a recommendation for the use of silicones is made, based on the objectives involved. Two silicone materials have been deposited on test structures. The methods for application of the materials are presented, including those aspects of the application process which are critical to the performance of the materials as coatings. An investigation of the two silicone materials has been conducted with respect to chemical and mechanical comparibility with hybrid circuit components and materials, chemical purity, outgassing characteristics, thermal expansion effects on wire bonds, and hybrid circuit rework and repair. The results of the initial portion of the coating evaluation phase are presented and polyxylylene (parylene) is included.
Statistical Resolution of Ambiguous HLA Typing Data (2008)

High-resolution HLA typing plays a central role in many areas of immunology, such as in identifying immunogenetic risk factors for disease, in studying how the genomes of pathogens evolve in response to immune selection pressures, and also in vaccine design, where identification of HLA-restricted epitopes may be used to guide the selection of vaccine immunogens. Perhaps one of the most immediate applications is in direct medical decisions concerning the matching of stem cell transplant donors to unrelated recipients. However, high-resolution HLA typing is frequently unavailable due to its high cost or the inability to re-type historical data. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a method for statistical, in silico refinement of ambiguous and/or low-resolution HLA data. Our method, which requires an independent, high-resolution training data set drawn from the same population as the data to be refined, uses linkage disequilibrium in HLA haplotypes as well as four-digit allele frequency data to probabilistically refine HLA typings. Central to our approach is the use of haplotype inference. We introduce new methodology to this area, improving upon the Expectation-Maximization (EM)-based approaches currently used within the HLA community. Our improvements are achieved by using a parsimonious parameterization for haplotype distributions and by smoothing the maximum likelihood (ML) solution. These improvements make it possible to scale the refinement to a larger number of alleles and loci in a more computationally efficient and stable manner. We also show how to augment our method in order to incorporate ethnicity information (as HLA allele distributions vary widely according to race/ethnicity as well as geographic area), and demonstrate the potential utility of this experimentally. A tool based on our approach is freely available for research purposes at http://microsoft.com/science.
Carboxylation of Organoboronic Esters Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Complexes (2008)

Copper complexes with a CO2 fixation: Copper(I) complexes serve as excellent catalysts for the carboxylation of aryl- and alkenylboronic esters with CO2, affording a variety of functionalized carboxylic acid derivatives (see scheme). Important active intermediates such as the copper(I) aryl and carboxylate complexes, [(IPr)CuR] and [(IPr)CuOCOR] (R=4-MeOC6H4, IPr=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene), are isolated and structurally characterized.
A Normal Approximation for Binomial, <i>F</i> , Beta, and other Common, Related Tail Probabilities, I (1968)

Abstract This paper concerns a new Normal approximation to the beta distribution and its relatives, in particular, the binomial, Pascal, negative binomial, F, t, Poisson, gamma, and chi square distributions. The approximate Normal deviates are expressible in terms of algebraic functions and logarithms, but for desk calculation it is preferable in most cases to use an equivalent expression in terms of a function specially tabulated here. Graphs of the error are provided. They show that the approximation is good even in the extreme tails except for beta distributions which are J or U shaped or nearly so, and they permit correction to obtain still more accuracy. For use beyond the range of the graphs, some standard recursive relations and some classical continued fractions are listed, with some properties of the latter which seem to be partly new. Various Normal approximations are compared, with further graphs. The new approximation appears far more accurate than the others. Everything an ordinary user of the approximation might want to know is included in this paper. The theory behind the approximation and most proofs are postponed to a second paper immediately following this one.
Practical Synthesis of (±)‐Venlafaxine (2007)

Abstract A practical total synthesis of antidepressant (±)‐venlafaxine is disclosed.
Comparison of 22MnB5-steel with and without AlSi-coating during laser hybrid arc welding (2011)

22MnB5/Usibor1500 is a hot-dip aluminized manganese-boron steel grade that is used withinthe car manufacturing industry and as lasers are increasingly used for welding of the car bodythe amount of research concerning laser welding of this material follows. For thicker materialthe laser hybrid arc welding process has grown to a well-known tool to increase productivity,but for thinner materials the advantages are less obvious. In the present research the melt pooland wire drop transfer was observed with a high speed camera. Differences between welding,with and without the coating were clearly visible and are described and discussed in the paper.The resulting welds were examined microscopically and chemically to unveil the compositionof the material. It is aimed to avoid possible brittle inter-metallic phases directly during theprocess, hence by skipping the usual additional manufacturing step of removing the AlSicoatingin advance.
Facial expression recognition techniques: a comprehensive survey (2019)

Over the past decades, facial expression recognition (FER) has become an interesting research area and achieved substantial progress in computer vision. FER is to detect human emotional state related to biometric traits. Developing a machine based human FER system is a quite challenging task. Various FER systems are developed by analysing facial muscle motion and skin deformation based algorithms. In conventional FER system, the developed algorithms work on the constrained database. In the unconstrained environment, the efficacy of existing algorithms is limited due to certain issues during image acquisition. This study presents a detailed study on FER techniques, classifiers and datasets used for analysing the efficacy of the recognition techniques. Moreover, this survey will assist researchers in understanding the strategies and innovative methods that address the issues in a real‐time application. Finally, the review presents the challenges encountered by FER system along with the future direction.
Cell Cycle-Dependent Induction of Homologous Recombination by a Tightly Regulated I-SceI Fusion Protein (2011)

Double-strand break repair is executed by two major repair pathways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Whereas NHEJ contributes to the repair of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced double strand breaks (DSBs) throughout the cell cycle, HR acts predominantly during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. The rare-cutting restriction endonuclease, I-SceI, is in common use to study the repair of site-specific chromosomal DSBs in vertebrate cells. To facilitate analysis of I-SceI-induced DSB repair, we have developed a stably expressed I-SceI fusion protein that enables precise temporal control of I-SceI activation, and correspondingly tight control of the timing of onset of site-specific chromosome breakage. I-SceI-induced HR showed a strong, positive linear correlation with the percentage of cells in S phase, and was negatively correlated with the G1 fraction. Acute depletion of BRCA1, a key regulator of HR, disrupted the relationship between S phase fraction and I-SceI-induced HR, consistent with the hypothesis that BRCA1 regulates HR during S phase.
Radionuclide imaging of experimental atherosclerosis with nonspecific polyclonal immunoglobulin G. (1989)

The utility of nonspecific polyclonal IgG for external imaging of experimental atherosclerosis was tested in a series of rabbits after balloon catheter deendothelialization of the abdominal aorta. Following injection of 111In-IgG, 111In-Fc, or 111In-Fab serial images were recorded. In addition, several animals received 125I-low density lipoproteins [125I-LDL], or 125I human serum albumin [125I-HSA] as positive and negative controls. Forty-eight hours after injection of the radiolabeled proteins, the aortas were removed, divided into abdominal and thoracic regions, counted, and autoradiographed. The images acquired after injection of 111In-IgG and 111In-Fc, showed clear focal accumulation of radioactivity in the healing abdominal aorta. In contrast, the images obtained after injection of 111In-Fab did not show focal radionuclide accumulation. For 111In-IgG and 111In-Fc there were three to six times as many counts in the abdominal as in the thoracic aorta, while for 111In-Fab and 125I HSA, the abdominal and thoracic counts were nearly equal. The results suggest that radiolabeled IgG and Fc can be used to image experimental atherosclerosis.
The Fatigue Strength of Notched S50C Steel under Random and Program Loads (1972)

The random and program loading tests and the tests with constant amplitudes were carried out of U-notched specimens of S50C carbon steel under plane bending stress condition with the mean stress zero. The load programs were so designed that the relative frequency distribution of stresses would be coincident with that of the random load excepting the truncation of higher stresses than 1.5σp, 2.0σp and 2.5σp, where σp was the median of stress peaks. The major conclusions derived from the experiments are as follows;(1) Even if the higher stress levels appeared in the random loads were incorporated in the load programs, it is difficult to estimate the fatigue strength under the random loads from the results of program loading tests, when the comparison was made on the basis of total number of cycles to fracture. One of the main reasons for this difficulty seems to be caused by the difference of crack propagation rates under respective loads.(2) The difference in the load sequence such as Lo-Hi-Lo, Lo-Hi and Hi-Lo sequences had no effect on the results of the program loading tests.(3) Discussions were made on the modified S-N curves which would be laid as the base of life estimations under random and program loads with the assumption of the linear damage rule.
Expression and Subcellular Distribution of the β-Isoform of the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor* (1997)

Alternative splicing of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) primary transcript produces two highly homologous protein isoforms, termed hGR alpha and hGRbeta, that differ at their carboxy-termini. In contrast to the well characterized hGR alpha isoform, which modulates gene expression in a hormone-dependent fashion, the biological significance of hGRbeta has only recently begun to emerge. We and others have shown that the hGRbeta messenger RNA transcript is widely expressed in human tissues and that the hGRbeta protein functions as a dominant negative inhibitor of hGR alpha in transfected cells. Unfortunately, these initial studies did not determine whether the hGRbeta protein was made in vivo. Such analyses are hindered because available anti-hGR antibodies cannot discriminate between the similarly sized hGR alpha and hGRbeta proteins. Therefore, to investigate the expression of the hGRbeta protein, we have produced an antipeptide, hGRbeta-specific antibody termed BShGR. This antibody was made against the unique 15-amino acid peptide at the carboxy-terminus of hGRbeta and recognizes both the native and denatured conformations of hGRbeta, but does not cross-react with hGR alpha. Using BShGR on Western blots and in immunoprecipitation experiments, we detected the hGRbeta protein in a variety of human cell lines and tissues. Immunocytochemistry was then performed with BShGR on HeLa S3 and CEM-C7 cells and on tissue sections prepared from lung, thymus, and liver to assess the cellular and subcellular distribution of hGRbeta. In all immunopositive cells, hGRbeta was found in the nucleus independent of glucocorticoid treatment. Within tissues, the hGRbeta protein was expressed most abundantly in the epithelial cells lining the terminal bronchiole of the lung, forming the outer layer of Hassall's corpuscle in the thymus, and lining the bile duct in the liver. As a potential in vivo inhibitor of hGR alpha activity, expression of hGRbeta may be an important factor regulating target cell responsiveness to glucocorticoids.
Will Open Supply Lower Retail Gasoline Prices? (2003)

Retail gasoline lessee‐dealers have lobbied for the right to purchase their gasoline supplies from sources other than the lessor‐refiners with whom they have contracted. This article examines a unique data set of gasoline prices in Los Angeles, along with corresponding market‐ and station‐level characteristics, to gain some insights into whether the proposed “open‐supply” legislation would likely lower the prices charged to consumers. Controlling for market‐ and station‐level characteristics, the authors find that stations with the most alternative sources of gasoline supplies have significantly higher retail prices, casting serious doubt on the claims made by open‐supply proponents. (JEL L0 , L1 , L4 )
Alopecia areata treated with phenolisation and intravenous dexamethasone pulses (2013)

Phenol is an aromatic hydrocarbon derived from coal tar or manufactured from monochlorobenzene. Alopecia areata is a common non scarring autoimmune condition characterised by patchy loss of hair without atrophy. Various treatment modalities have been proposed and used for the treatment of alopecia areata, which is indeed a difficult condition to treat. Variable results have been documented using intralesional corticosteroid injections, topical minoxidil, topical anthralin ointment, topical contact sensitizers like diphencyprone, dinitrochlorobenzene or squaric acid dibutyl ester, and oral mini pulse with betamethasone. The use of 88% phenol for the treatment of alopecia areata has been documented in literature, but it has failed to secure a place in the priority list. Herein we have reported a case of a young girl who was treated with short-time aggressive therapy using 88% phenol and dexamethasone pulse therapy and who responded well to the treatment with no recurrence in the last 6 months of follow-up.
Turning a Mobile Device into a Mouse in the Air (2015)

A mouse has been one of the most successful user interfaces due to its intuitive use. As more devices are equipped with displays and offer rich options for users to choose from, a traditional mouse that requires a surface to operate is no longer sufficient. While different types of air mice are available in the market, they rely on accelerometers and gyroscopes, which significantly limit the accuracy and ease of use.