gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An adaption of STANAG 5066 for automatic power control on HF links (2000)

Automatic adaptation of power using the STANAG 5066 data link protocol has been successfully demonstrated over on-air links using the DERA STANAG 5066 test bed. Algorithms based solely upon measurements of frame error rates have been tested and successfully maintained the data throughput levels whilst the power was adapted through almost two orders of magnitude. Future trials are required to test algorithms designed for faster adaption of the power levels in response to fast changing HF channels, and to investigate algorithms which maintain the link by optimising both power and data rate within defined limits.
Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease (2005)

Traditional cardiovascular risk factors had larger associations with cardiovascular mortality than novel risk factors in elderly persons with chronic kidney disease. Future research should investigate whether aggressive lifestyle intervention in patients with chronic kidney disease can reduce their substantial cardiovascular risk.
Harvesting the Noncirculating Pool of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Rats by Hetastarch Exchange Transfusion (HET): Yield and Functional Assessment (1987)

Abstract Isolation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) provides an opportunity to study PMN activity in vitro and to label PMN for study of in vivo kinetics. However, simple phlebotomy (SP) of a small animal frequently yields too few PMN for in vitro handling, while PMN harvested from an induced-peritonitis may not accurately reflect PMN in a less stimulated state. We report a novel method of harverting PMN from the circulation of rats, using hetastarch exchange transfusion (HET), which is both time and animal sparing. HET harvested 8-fold more PMN than SP. In vitro cell function was examined with assays of adherence, chemotaxis, bacterial killing, and superoxide generation. No significant (p &lt; 0.05) difference was found between PMN obtained by HET and pooled-PMN obtained by SP. In vivo function was examined following labeling with indium111-oxine. The kinetics pattern described suggested normal migratory activity when compared to previous reports. The data demonstrate that rats possess a relatively large, noncirculating pool of PMN which is readily accessible by HET.
Nonlinear optical response of metal-barrier-metal junctions (1977)

The time-averaged current induced by incident radiation across electronic tunneling junctions is shown experimentally and theoretically to have a highly nonlinear dependence on the field intensity for a range of tunneling barrier thickness.
Experimental Study on Penetration Performance for Sampling of Asteroid Mission (2011)

** ** *** * ** *** Target of the asteroid probe known by HAYABUSA is the clarification of origin and evolution of solar system and life. One of the missions is the sample collection of the asteroid. A large amount of sample collection and the collection of the subsurface material and the stratified sample collection etc. have been enumerated To the achievement item of this mission, and the sampling system that is appropriate for respectively is examined. In the stratified sample collection, the Harpoon & Penetrator method (H&P method) is examined. In the present study, the sampling system by the method is tested executed from two aspects. In the first, we study element affecting the performance of penetration. The penetration velocity is changed as a parameter in order to study the relation between the penetration depth and the penetration velocity, and the velocity necessary for 300mm sampling is examined. In addition, influence by the difference of the corer shape is studied by changing the outer diameter of the corer, the relation between the penetration depth and the load is also studied in order to study the effect of the load on penetration. In addition, empirical formula and theory formula in both experiments are established, and compared. In this paper, the results are reported obtained by both of the experimental results.
Evaluating Project Decisions: Case Studies in Software Engineering (2009)

Effective decisions are crucial to the success of any software project, but to make better decisions you need a better decision-making process. In Evaluating Project Decisions, leading project management experts introduce an innovative decision model that helps you tailor your decision-making process to systematically evaluate all of your decisions and avoid the bad choices that lead to project failure. Using a real-world, case study approach, the authors show how to evaluate software project problems and situations more effectively, thoughtfully assess your alternatives, and improve the decisions you make. Drawing on their own extensive research and experience, the authors bridge software engineering theory and practice, offering guidance that is both well-grounded and actionable. They present dozens of detailed examples from both successful and unsuccessful projects, illustrating what to do and what not to do. Evaluating Project Decisions will help you to analyze your options and ultimately make better decisions at every stage in your project, including: RequirementsElicitation, description, verification, validation, negotiation, contracting, and management over the software life cycle EstimatesConceptual solution design, decomposition, resource and overhead allocation, estimate construction, and change management PlanningDefining objectives, policies, and scope; planning tasks, milestones, schedules, budgets, staff and other resources; and managing projects against plans ProductProper product definition, development process management, QA, configuration management, delivery, installation, training, and field service ProcessDefining, selecting, understanding, teaching, and measuring processes; evaluating process performance; and process improvement or optimization In addition, you will see how to evaluate decisions related to risk, people, stakeholder expectations, and global development. Simply put, youll use what you learn here on every project, in any industry, whatever your goals, and for projects of any duration, size, or type.
GABAergic neurons innervating the preganglionic cardiac vagal neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus receive tonic glutamatergic control. (2005)

The glutamatergic innervations and the GABAergic innervations are respectively the major excitatory and inhibitory inputs of preganglionic cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs). Whether and how these two kinds of innervations interact in the regulation of CVNs is unknown. Using retrograde fluorescent labeling of CVNs and voltage patch-clamp technique, we demonstrated that mixed global application of glutamatergic NMDA and non-NMDA antagonists AP(5) and CNQX, while had no effect on the GABAergic synaptic events of the CVNs in the nucleus ambiguus (NA), significantly decreased the GABAergic synaptic events of the CVNs in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNX). These results suggest that the GABAergic neurons preceding the CVNs in the DMNX receive tonic glutamatergic control, whereas the GABAergic neurons preceding the CVNs in the NA receive little, if any, glutamatergic innervations. This differential central regulation of the CVNs in the DMNX from those in the NA might be a possible mechanism that enables the CVNs in the DMNX play different roles from those in the NA in the parasympathetic control of heart rate and cardiac functions.
Towards an automatic gait recognition system using activity recognition (wearable based) (2011)

The need of increasing the security measures in mobile devices has led researchers focus on finding new security mechanisms. In this paper we propose a solution to keep data secured by ensuring that only the authorized user can access the data in a mobile phone. By using gait recognition as an important element for the authentication process we propose an automatic gait recognition system to be used for continuous authentication. Since recent gait recognition research only focuses on manual extraction of walking activities from the accelerometer signal, a solution to this issue could be activity recognition that would reduce the disadvantages of gait recognition by identifying the activities of a person continuously and automatically. Activity recognition would not only make it possible to authenticate the user in different daily activities like slow walking, normal walking, fast walking even running, but also help in avoiding authentication when the user is in passive state like sitting, standing still, etc.. This is one of the key factors and an interesting challenge which would benefit the data security area.
Combined high-frequency ventilation (CHFV) in the treatment of acute lung injury--a case report. (1998)

A 22-year-old man was admitted to a district general hospital with chest injuries, a ruptured spleen and limb fractures, sustained in a road traffic accident. After an emergency splenectomy, the patient developed unilateral pulmonary oedema with hypoxaemia which was resistant to both conventional controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) and independent lung ventilation (ILV). He was transferred to a specialist cardiothoracic unit where high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) also failed to achieve adequate oxygenation. Combined high frequency ventilation (CHFV), using high frequency pulses from a Bromsgrove Penlon Jet ventilator superimposed onto small tidal volumes from an Engstrom Erica improved oxygenation rapidly to allow decreases in inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2), peak airway pressure (PAWP) and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Progressive weaning from ventilatory support was then possible over five days. CHFV is a valuable technique in the treatment of acute catastrophic lung injury and needs wider recognition.
Incidence of late stent thrombosis with bare-metal, sirolimus, and paclitaxel stents. (2007)

Stent thrombosis has become a major concern for interventional cardiology. Although infrequent, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent attention has focused on the frequency of this complication with drug-eluting stents compared with bare-metal stents in regard to the timing (early, late, or very late) of the event, underlying mechanisms involved, and preventive strategies. Although dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus thienopyridine) is crucial in mitigating the problem, there are significant issues with this management strategy, including the duration of dual antiplatelet treatment, patient compliance, variability in individual response to therapy, bleeding risk, and management of subsequent noncardiac surgical procedures. Newer strategies being evaluated to enhance the safety of drug-eluting stents include different alloys and stent designs, revisions in the polymer or drug utilized, and, ultimately, bioabsorbable platforms.
Mechanical Influences on Tibial Fracture Healing (1998)

Selected studies are summarized that measure interfragmentary fracture displacements in 6 degrees of freedom at intervals throughout healing in groups of patients with tibial diaphyseal fractures treated by external skeletal fixation. The results are compared with those obtained from experimental studies in which the ideal mechanical conditions for fracture healing were predicted. A finite element analysis model of the healing tibial fracture also was developed. Measured data were used for the analysis, and stress and strain patterns were defined for different stages of healing. Interfragmentary movement measured in the first 6 weeks after injury usually is a magnitude smaller in patients treated by external fixation than in patients treated with cast immobilization. This movement can be much smaller than that predicted to be optimal by experimental studies. A greater amplitude can be achieved, even in stable fractures, by ensuring patient activity. The interfragmentary movement is elastic during loading activity and is generally sinusoidal during steady walking. At the time of dynamization (the unlocking of the frame), a permanent set occurs at the fracture site in all planes. The cyclical movement range in each plane often decreases immediately after unlocking. The model analysis study of fracture healing predicts that tissue damage may occur in the later (hard callus) phase of healing, even while the fixation device is in place, because of abnormally high stresses and strains. This study indicates that fracture mechanics should be controlled more rigorously to provide amplitudes of movement in the first 4 to 6 weeks after fracture. The rigidity of fixation should be increased in the subsequent weeks until the fracture has healed and the frame is removed.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Three-dimensional Coordination Polymer: Mn(2,3-pdc) (H(2)O) (n) (2,3-pdc = Pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate) (2008)

A new three-dimensional coordination polymer [Mn(2,3-pdc)(H2O)]n (2,3-pdc=pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate) 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/c with a=6.4168(5),b=10.7939(9),c=11.1549(10),β=94.733(4)o,V=769.98(11)3,Z=4,Mr=238.06,Dc=2.054 g/cm3,μ(MoKα)=1.707 mm-1,F(000)=476,Rint=0.0326,R=0.0499 and wR=0.1636 for 1564 observed reflections with I 2σ(I). X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the title compound is a three-dimensional coordination polymer consisting of one MnII center with a distorted octahedral environment arranged by four 2,3-pdc ligands and one water molecule.
Preliminary criteria for classification of adult Still's disease. (1992)

We have attempted to design classification criteria for adult Still's disease by analyzing the data obtained through a multicenter survey of 90 Japanese patients with this disease and of 267 control patients. The proposed criteria consisted of fever, arthralgia, typical rash, and leukocytosis as major, and sore throat, lymphadenopathy and/or splenomegaly, liver dysfunction, and the absence of rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody as minor criteria. Requiring 5 or more criteria including 2 or more major criteria yielded 96.2% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity. However, an exclusion process will be needed for an accurate classification, since this disease is relatively rare.
Effective treatment of allergic airway inflammation with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> immunomodulators requires BATF3-dependent dendritic cells and IL-10 (2014)

Significance Allergic asthma represents an increasingly common public health problem. Here, we provide preclinical evidence for the efficacy of active tolerization using Helicobacter pylori components as a viable strategy for asthma prevention. We use a mouse model of allergic asthma to show that regular treatment with H. pylori extract effectively alleviates all hallmarks of the disease. Successful treatment depends on the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and on basic leucine zipper ATF-like 3 (BATF3)-dependent dendritic cell lineages. H. pylori extracts lacking the γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase GGT or the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA fail to protect against asthma; conversely, both factors can be administered in purified form to achieve protection. In conclusion, the immunomodulatory properties of the common infectious agent H. pylori can be exploited for therapeutic purposes in an allergy model.
Piezoelectric self sensing actuators for high voltage excitation (2013)

Self sensing techniques allow the use of a piezoelectric transducer simultaneously as an actuator and as a sensor. Such techniques are based on knowledge of the transducer behaviour and on measurements of electrical quantities, in particular voltage and charge. Past research work has mainly considered the linear behaviour of piezoelectric transducers, consequently restricting the operating driving voltages to low values. In this work a new self sensing technique is proposed which is able to perform self sensing reconstruction both at low and at high driving voltages. This technique, in fact, makes use of a hysteretic model to describe the nonlinear piezoelectric capacitance necessary for self sensing reconstruction. The capacitance can be measured and identified at the antiresonances of a vibrating structure with a good approximation. After providing a mathematical background to deal with the main aspects of self sensing, this technique is compared theoretically and experimentally to a typical linear one by using an aluminum plate with one bonded self sensing transducer and a positive position feedback (PPF) controller to verify the performance in self sensing based vibration control.
Low-Voltage CMOS Temperature Sensor Design Using Schottky Diode-Based References (2008)

This paper presents the design of a fully differential sigma-delta temperature sensor using Schottky diode-based current references as a replacement for the traditional PN junction diode-based current references. This sensor was designed using the AMI 0.5um process through the MOSIS fabrication organization, and the chip performance will be evaluated and compared to the simulated results. The use of the Schottky diode and differential current sensing in the sigma-delta-type sensor allows for lower voltage operation and better noise performance.
Antibacterial Effect of Fructose Laurate Synthesized by Candida antarctica B Lipase-Mediated Transesterification (2016)

Sugar esters are valuable compounds composed of various sugars and fatty acids that can be used as antibacterial agents and emulsifiers in toothpaste and canned foods. For example, fructose fatty acid esters suppress growth of Streptococcus mutans, a typical pathogenic bacterium causing dental caries. In this study, fructose laurate ester was chosen as a target material and was synthesized by a transesterification reaction using Candida antarctica lipase B. We performed a solvent screening experiment and found that a t-butanol/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture was the best solvent to dissolve fructose and methyl laurate. Fructose laurate was synthesized by transesterification of fructose (100 mM) with methyl laurate (30 mM) in t-butanol containing 20% dimethyl sulfoxide. The conversion yield was about 90%, which was calculated based on the quantity of methyl laurate using high-performance liquid chromatography. Fructose monolaurate (Mr 361) was detected in the reaction mixture by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The inhibitory effect of fructose laurate on growth of oral or food spoilage microorganisms, including S. mutans, Bacillus coagulans, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus, was evaluated.
Enhancement of viral and DNA mediated transformation of cloned rat embryo fibroblast cells by 3‐aminobenzamide (1990)

Abstract We have analyzed the effect of the poly(ADP‐ribose) synthesis inhibitor 3 aminobenzamide (3AB) on de novo and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and y irradiation enhancement of viral transformation of a cloned rat embryo fibroblast cell line, CREF, by a cold‐sensitive host‐range mutant of type 5 adenovirus, H5hr1. Additionally, we have evaluated the effect of 3AB on the transformation of CREF cells following transfection with a gene conferring resistance to hygromycin ( hyg ) or the neomycin analogue G418 ( neo ) in combination with a cloned type 5 adenovirus E1A transforming gene (Ad5 E1A) or the Ha‐ ras (T24) oncogene. 3AB induced a dose‐and time‐dependent increase in the level of de novo MMS‐enhanced and y irradiation‐enhanced transformation of CREF cells by H5hr1, whereas it did not induce morphological transformation in uninfected control, MMS‐pretreated, or y irradiation‐pretreated CREF cells. Temporal kinetic studies indicated that 3AB was most effective in enhancing de novo and MMS‐enhanced and y irradiation‐enhanced viral transformation when applied early after viral and carcinogen plus viral infection and when present for extended time periods (4‐5 wk). 3AB also increased the frequency of resistant colonies following transfection with several cloned genes, including hyg , neo ', and protein kinase C (which also contained a neor gene), and the frequency of morphological transformation of CREF cells following cotransfection with a hyg gene and an Ad5 E1A or an activated Ha‐ ras (T24) gene. In contrast, 3AB exerted the opposite effect, i.e., an inhibitory effect, when applied to NIH 3T3 cells transfected with a hyg ' or neo ' gene, alone or in combination with a T24 gene. The ability of 3AB to enhance the frequency of transformation of CREF cells was not associated with a selective effect on the growth of H5hr1 transformed CREF cells in monolayer or agar culture. Similarly, 3AB did not after the percentage of MMS‐or y irradiated‐pretreated H5hr1‐infected cells retaining free Ad5 DNA or the random pattern or quantity of viral DNA integration in control or carcinogen‐treated H5hr1‐transformed cells. These results suggest that cellular processes regulated by the nuclear enzyme ADPRT, or additional processes modified by 3AB, may be important mediators of stable transformation induced by transfected DNA and both de novo and carcinogen‐enhanced viral transformation of specific target cells.
Hole transport in pure and doped hematite (2012)

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is a promising candidate for use in photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical devices. Its poor conductivity is one major drawback. Doping hematite either p-type or n-type greatly enhances its measured conductivity and is required for potential p-n junctions in PVs. Here, we study hole transport in pure and doped hematite using an electrostatically embedded cluster model with ab initio quantum mechanics (unrestricted Hartree-Fock theory). Consistent with previous work, the model suggests that hole hopping is via oxygen anions for pure hematite. The activation energy for hole mobility is predicted to be at least 0.1 eV higher than the activation energy for electron mobility, consistent with the trend observed in experiments. We examine four dopants—magnesium(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and manganese(II/III) in direct cation substitution sites—to gain insight into the mechanism by which conductivity is improved. The activation energies are used to assess qualitative effects of different dopants. The hole carriers are predicted to be attracted to O anions near the dopants. The magnitude of the trapping effect is similar among the four dopants in their +2 oxidation states. The multivalent character of Mn doping facilitates local hole transport around Mn centers via a low-barrier O-Mn-O pathway, which suggests that higher hole mobility can be achieved with increasing Mn doping concentration, especially when a network of these low-barrier pathways is produced. Our results suggest that the experimentally observed conductivity increase in Mg-, Ni-, and Cu-doped p-type hematite is mostly due to an increase in hole carriers rather than improved mobility, and that Mg-, Ni-, and Cu-doping perform similarly, while the conductivity of Mn-doped hematite might be significantly improved in the high doping concentration limit.
Effects of chlorination on THMs formation in raw water (1996)

This research work investigated the effects of chlorination on THMs formation and correlations among chlorine demand and other water quality parameters. Bromo‐substitution was found to interfere with the chlorine competition and affected the formation of CHB2C1 during the higher chlorine dose reaction. A statistical THMs model in terms of chlorine contact time, residual chlorine, TOC and UV254 was successfully developed. COD (and TOC) denoting organics compounds, total count representing microorganism and NH3 (and/or Mn) indicating inorganic ions are the principle factors affecting the chlorine demand.
Photo-patternable gelatin as protection layers in surface micromachinings (2003)

This paper describes a newly developed low-temperature photo-patternable Gelatin technology that is useful to produce a thick (greater than 10 microns) Gelatin protecting and strengthening layer for weak MEMS micro-structures. Example demonstrated here is the Gelatin process integrated with the Parylene MEMS technology. What is reported here is the complete processing details and formulae that allow anyone to use Gelatin like photo-resist. We find that it is a chemical-resistant and mechanical-robust material for MEMS applications.