gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermally reversible colloidal gels for three-dimensional chondrocyte culture (2011)

Healthy cells are required in large numbers to form a tissue-engineered construct and primary cells must therefore be increased in number in a process termed 'expansion'. There are significant problems with existing procedures, including cell injury and an associated loss of phenotype, but three-dimensional culture has been reported to offer a solution. Reversible gels, which allow for the recovery of cells after expansion would therefore have great value in the expansion of chondrocytes for tissue engineering applications, but they have received relatively little attention to date. In this study, we examined the synthesis and use of thermoresponsive polymers that form reversible three-dimensional gels for chondrocyte cell culture. A series of polymers comprising N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and styrene was synthesized before studying their thermoresponsive solution behaviour and gelation. A poly(NIPAM-co-styrene-graft-N-vinylpyrrolidone) variant was also synthesized in order to provide increased water content. Both random- and graft-copolymers formed particulate gels above the lower critical solution temperature and, on cooling, re-dissolved to allow enzyme-free cell recovery. Chondrocytes remained viable in all of these materials for 24 days, increased in number and produced collagen type II and glycosaminoglycans.
Evolutionary Fuzzy ARTMAP Neural Networks for Classification of Semiconductor Defects (2014)

Wafer defect detection using an intelligent system is an approach of quality improvement in semiconductor manufacturing that aims to enhance its process stability, increase production capacity, and improve yields. Occasionally, only few records that indicate defective units are available and they are classified as a minority group in a large database. Such a situation leads to an imbalanced data set problem, wherein it engenders a great challenge to deal with by applying machine-learning techniques for obtaining effective solution. In addition, the database may comprise overlapping samples of different classes. This paper introduces two models of evolutionary fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) neural networks to deal with the imbalanced data set problems in a semiconductor manufacturing operations. In particular, both the FAM models and hybrid genetic algorithms are integrated in the proposed evolutionary artificial neural networks (EANNs) to classify an imbalanced data set. In addition, one of the proposed EANNs incorporates a facility to learn overlapping samples of different classes from the imbalanced data environment. The classification results of the proposed evolutionary FAM neural networks are presented, compared, and analyzed using several classification metrics. The outcomes positively indicate the effectiveness of the proposed networks in handling classification problems with imbalanced data sets.
Stat3-dependent acute Rantes production in vascular smooth muscle cells modulates inflammation following arterial injury in mice (2010)

Inflammation is a key component of arterial injury, with VSMC proliferation and neointimal formation serving as the final outcomes of this process. However, the acute events transpiring immediately after arterial injury that establish the blueprint for this inflammatory program are largely unknown. We therefore studied these events in mice and found that immediately following arterial injury, medial VSMCs upregulated Rantes in an acute manner dependent on Stat3 and NF-B (p65 subunit). This led to early T cell and macrophage recruitment, processes also under the regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 Cip1 . Unique to VSMCs, Rantes production was initiated by Tnf-, but not by Il-6/gp130. This Rantes production was dependent on the binding of a p65/Stat3 complex to NF-B-binding sites within the Rantes promoter, with shRNA knockdown of either Stat3 or p65 markedly attenuating Rantes production. In vivo, acute NF-B and Stat3 activation in medial VSMCs was identified, with acute Rantes production after injury substantially reduced in Tnfa -/-mice compared with controls. Finally, we generated mice with SMC-specific conditional Stat3 deficiency and confirmed the Stat3 dependence of acute Rantes production by VSMCs. Together, these observations unify inflammatory events after vascular injury, demonstrating that VSMCs orchestrate the arterial inflammatory response program via acute Rantes production and subsequent inflammatory cell recruitment.
Affinity Separations in Magnetically Stabilized Fluidized Beds: Synthesis and Performance of Packing Materials (1987)

Abstract A magnetically stabilized fluidized-bed separator designed to test the use of pellicular, ferromagnetic affinity chromatography packing materials has been developed. A wire wound solenoid was used to produce the magnetic field. The ferromagnetic packing material is comprised of a magnetite-containing, poly-urethane gel coated onto polystyrene beads. The gel contains free carboxyl groups. These were carbodiimide-coupled to soy-trypsin inhibitor and the material, used for trypsin purification. Narrow-band affinity chromatography was carried out in packed-bed, fluidized-bed and magnetically stabilized, fluidized-bed separators. Pressure drop, capacity, dilution, and peak asymmetry were evaluated for each type of separator. The three types provide comparable efficiency but the fluidized separators exhibit a much lower pressure drop. As might be expected, fluidized-bed separators perform well for affinity chromatography Oarge k') but poorly for size exclusion chromatography.
Response of rat intracranial 9L gliosarcoma to microbeam radiation therapy (2002)

Radiotherapeutic doses for malignant gliomas are generally palliative because greater, supposedly curative doses would impart clinically unacceptable damage to nearby vital CNS tissues. To improve radiation treatment for human gliomas, we evaluated microbeam radiation therapy, which utilizes an array of parallel, microscopically thin (<100 microm) planar beams (microbeams) of synchrotron-generated X rays. Rats with i.c. 9L gliosarcoma tumors were exposed laterally to a single microbeam, 27 pm wide and 3.8 mm high, stepwise, to produce irradiation arrays with 50, 75, or 100 microm of on-center beam spacings and 150, 250, 300, or 500 Gy of in-slice, skin-entrance, single-exposure doses. The resulting array size was 9 mm wide and 10.4 mm high (using three 3.8-mm vertical tiers); the beam's median energy was -70 keV. When all data were collated, the median survival was 70 days; no depletion of nerve cells was observed. However, when data from the highest skin-entrance dose and/or the smallest microbeam spacings were excluded, the median survival time of the subset of rats was 170 days, and no white matter necrosis was observed. Others have reported unilateral single-exposure broad-beam irradiation of i.c. 9L gliosarcomas at 22.5 Gy with a median survival of only -34 days and with severe depletion of neurons. These results suggest that the therapeutic index of unidirectional microbeams is larger than that of the broad beams and that an application for microbeam radiation therapy in treating certain malignant brain tumors may be found in the future.
Reversible blindness following squash ball injury (2014)

Hyphema is the presence of red blood cells in the anterior chamber and is the most common mode of clinical presentation, after significant ocular trauma. Traumatic hyphema is an opthalmic emergency and its treatment is generally medical; however, occurrence of secondary hemorrhage may necessitate surgical intervention. Though hyphema is of such a common occurrence there is still a lack of agreement about its management protocols basically involving medical management versus an early surgical intervention. Controversy also exists regarding the various strategies to be adopted to prevent rebleeding.Here, we report an interesting case of a young patient who developed total hyphema, following a squash ball injury. He was initially managed conservatively but suffered rebleeding into the anterior chamber along with its associated complications and finally required an active surgical intervention. He showed a remarkable postsurgical improvement and was finally discharged with a normal visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes.
The Image Server System: A High-Speed Parallel Distributed Data Server (1995)

We describe the design and implementation of a distributed parallel storage system that uses high-speed ATM networks as a key element of the architecture. Other elements include a collection of network-based disk block servers, and an associated name server that provides some file system functionality. The implementation is based on user level software that runs on UNIX workstations. Both the architecture and the implementation are intended to provide for easy and economical scalability. This approach has yielded a data source that scales economically to very high speed. Target applications include on-line storage for both very large images and video sequences. This paper describes the architecture, and explores the performance issues of the current implementation. 1. Correspondence should be directed to W. Johnston (wejohnston@lbl.gov), Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, MS: 50B - 2239, Berkeley, CA, 94720. Tel: 510-486-5014, fax: 510-486-6363; or Brian Tierney (bltierney@lbl.gov), Tel: 5...
Peptide binding at the GLP-1 receptor (2007)

The receptor for GLP-1 [glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)-amide] is a member of the 'Family B' of GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) comprising an extracellular N-terminal domain containing six conserved cysteine residues (the N-domain) and a core domain (or J-domain) comprising the seven transmembrane helices and interconnecting loop regions. According to the two-domain model for peptide binding, the N-domain is primarily responsible for providing most of the peptide binding energy, whereas the core domain is responsible for binding the N-terminal region of the peptide agonists and transmitting the signal to the intracellular G-protein. Two interesting differences between the binding properties of two GLP-1 receptor agonists, GLP-1 and EX-4 (exendin-4), can be observed. First, while GLP-1 requires its full length to maintain high affinity, the eight N-terminal residues of EX-4 can be removed with little reduction in affinity. Secondly, EX-4 (but not GLP-1) can bind to the fully isolated N-domain of the receptor with an affinity matching that of the full-length receptor. In order to better understand these differences, we have studied the interaction between combinations of full-length or truncated ligands with full-length or truncated receptors.
Trust—Court's Jurisdiction to Modify Terms (1956)

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Eigen-Based Transceivers for the MIMO Broadcast Channel With Semi-Orthogonal User Selection (2010)

This paper studies the sum rate performance of two low complexity eigenmode-based transmission techniques for the MIMO broadcast channel, employing greedy semi-orthogonal user selection (SUS). The first approach, termed ZFDPC-SUS, is based on zero-forcing dirty paper coding; the second approach, termed ZFBF-SUS, is based on zero-forcing beamforming. We first employ new analytical methods to prove that as the number of users K grows large, the ZFDPC-SUS approach can achieve the optimal sum rate scaling of the MIMO broadcast channel. We also prove that the average sum rates of both techniques converge to the average sum capacity of the MIMO broadcast channel for large K. In addition to the asymptotic analysis, we investigate the sum rates achieved by ZFDPC-SUS and ZFBF-SUS for finite K , and show that ZFDPC-SUS has significant performance advantages. Our results also provide key insights into the benefit of multiple receive antennas, and the effect of the SUS algorithm. In particular, we show that whilst multiple receive antennas only improves the asymptotic sum rate scaling via the second-order behavior of the multi-user diversity gain; for finite K, the benefit can be very significant. We also show the interesting result that the semi-orthogonality constraint imposed by SUS, whilst facilitating a very low complexity user selection procedure, asymptotically does not reduce the multi-user diversity gain in either first ( K) or second-order (K) terms.
Charge trapping and device behavior in ferroelectric memories (1996)

The electric field emanating from the surface of a poled ferroelectric (FE) can control the conduction properties of an overlying semiconducting (SC) film; this combination of materials can thus serve as a nondestructive readout (NDRO), nonvolatile memory device. We have characterized prototypes of these devices which utilize semiconducting In2O3 deposited on thin film lead zirconate titanate and bulk BaTiO3 FEs. The remanent state SC resistance in thin film FE NDRO devices is often opposite to that predicted from the known direction of FE polarization. In these cases charge injected from the SC film into the FE and trapped near the interface appears to control the electric field at the SC/FE interface. By contrast, the response of SC films on bulk FEs is largely controlled by just the FE remanent polarization. The measured SC resistance values in the ‘‘up’’ and ‘‘down’’ polarization states can be fairly accurately predicted by calculating the accumulation and depletion charge densities from the measured carrier concentrations, mobilities, and FE hysteresis behavior. We also observe a correlation between charge trapping in bulk and thin film of NDRO memory devices and the presence or absence of temperature-bias–stress-induced voltage shifts (imprint) of the FE hysteresis curves. We suggest that the presence of near-interfacial traps in the FE controls both imprint and NDRO memory response.
Metal strip-embedded slot bowtie antenna for Wi-Fi and WiMAX applications (2010)

A metal strip-embedded slot bowtie antenna has been presented. By embedding metal strips to the arms of the slot bowtie, dual/multi-band characteristics can be realized. Simulation and measurement results have shown that the proposed antenna have good impedance matching characteristics in multiple operating bands. The prototype antenna based on this paper satisfies the requirements of the Wi-Fi (2.4, 3.5, and 5 GHz) and WiMAX (2.4, 3.5, and 5 GHz) applications.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>small colony variants (SCVs) and their role in disease (2011)

Persistent or difficult-to-treat Staphylococcus aureus infections in animals and humans may be related to small colony variants (SCVs) that can hide inside host cells and modulate host defenses. S. aureus SCVs have gained much attention in human medicine but have been underestimated and overlooked in veterinary medicine. Recently, an SCV isolated from a dairy cow with a history of chronic mastitis was shown to possess similar phenotypic and transcriptomic properties to those of human SCVs. SCVs form small, colorless, non-hemolytic colonies after 48 h, are only slowly coagulase positive, fail to ferment mannitol, and can revert to the parental phenotype. The phenotype of SCVs is mostly related to alterations in hemin and/or menadione biosynthesis or to thymidine deficiency. Transcriptomic analysis of SCVs shows up-regulation of genes involved in glycolytic and arginine-deiminase pathways, capsular biosynthesis; increased sigma B activity; and down-regulation of genes for α-hemolysin, coagulase and effector molecule RNA III of the global virulence regulator Agr. Similar results are reported at the protein level. SCVs are less virulent but successful persisters in infection models. SCVs persist longer and at higher numbers within non-phagocytes than do their parents. SCVs survive within spacious vacuoles up to 24 h within cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells, likely due to up-regulation of protective mechanisms that counteract the lethal acidic environment of the phagolysosome. Persistence of SCVs within host cells may explain failures in antimicrobial therapy and vaccinations.
Buried Quasi-integrated Enucleation Implant of Proplast II A Preliminary Report (1990)

A preliminary report of a new design for a buried quasi-integrated implant made of Proplast II (Vitek, Inc., Houston, Texas, U.S.A.) is presented. The design is intended to combine the benefits of an integrated and buried implant.
Improved Optical Transmittance and Crystal Characteristics of ZnS:TbOF Thin Film on Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>/Indium Tin Oxide/Glass Substrate by Using a SiO<sub>2</sub> Buffer Layer (2006)

Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 thin films are deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrates using RF magnetron sputtering technology and are annealed at 675 °C in a rapid thermal annealing furnace in an oxygen atmosphere. The resulting films have high optical transmittances and good crystalline characteristics. ZnS:TbOF films are then deposited on the Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 films, causing the originally highly transparent specimens to blacken and to resemble a glass surface coated with carbon powder. The optical transmittance of the specimen is less than 15% under the visible wavelength range, and neither a crystalline phase nor a distinct ZnS grain structure is evident in X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) analysis reveals the occurrence of interdiffusion between the ZnS and Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 layers. This suggests that one or more unknown chemical reactions take place among the elements Bi, S, and O at the interface during the deposition of ZnS:TbOF film on a Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 /ITO/glass substrate. These reactions cause the visible transmittance of the specimens to deteriorate dramatically. To prevent interdiffusion, a silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) buffer layer 100 nm thick was grown on the Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 /ITO/glass substrate using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), then the ZnS:TbOF film was grown on the SiO 2 buffer layer. The transmittance of the resulting specimen is enhanced approximately 8-fold in the visible region. XRD patterns reveal the ZnS(111)-oriented phase is dominant. Furthermore, dense, crack-free ZnS:TbOF grains are observed by SEM. The results imply that the SiO 2 buffer layer sandwiched between the ZnS:TbOF and Bi 4 Ti 3 O 2 layers effectively separates the two layers. Therefore, interdiffusion and chemical reactions are prevented at the interface of the two layers, and the crystalline characteristics of the ZnS:TbOF layer and the optical transmittance of the specimen are improved as a result. Finally, the dielectric constant of the stacked structure is lower than that of the single layer structure without SiO 2 , but the dielectric breakdown strength is enhanced.
Quantitative Untersuchungen der Reaktion von Hexosen mit Aminosäuren (1967)

Abstract Die quantitative Untersuchung der Reaktion von D ‐Fructose mit Aminosäuren (Tab. 1) zeigt, daß durch Ketosylamin‐Umlagerung in der Primärphase Mannose‐Aminosäure 3 bevorzugt vor Glucose‐Aminosäure 2 (Verhältnis 2:1) entsteht. Infolge Weiterreaktion nimmt 3 schneller ab als 2 , so daß in der Sekundärphase der Anteil an 2 größer als an 3 ist. 2‐Desoxy‐2‐glycino‐ D ‐glucose (Glucose‐Glycin) und 2‐Desoxy‐2‐glycino‐ D ‐mannose (Mannose‐Glycin) ergeben mit Glycin eine Amadori‐Umlagerung zu 1‐Desoxy‐1‐glycino‐ D ‐fructose (Fructose‐Glycin, 1 ). Diese Reaktion erklärt das Auftreten von Amadori‐Verbindungen bei der Umsetzung von D ‐Fructose mit Aminosäuren. 1‐Desoxy‐1‐glycino‐ D ‐fructose ist mit Glycin in geringem Maße zu 2‐Desoxy‐2‐glycino‐ D ‐glucose umzulagern. Aus L ‐Lysin entstehen mit Hexosen durch Amadori‐Umlagerung bevorzugt ϵ‐substituierte, durch Ketosylamin‐Umlagerung α‐substituierte Derivate.
Transformation of an Optically Active Decahydro-6-isoquinolone Scaffold:  Perfect Felkin−Anh Diastereoselectivity (2004)

Diastereomerically and enantiomerically pure decahydro-6-isoquinolone derivative 7 (>99% de, 97% ee) was obtained from the Michael addition product 3. Interestingly, aldehyde 7 reacted with a number of different Grignard reagents to give the secondary alcohols 9 in good yields as single diastereomers. This result can be explained by taking the Felkin-Anh model into account.
A novel mass spectrometric strategy “BEMAP” reveals Extensive O-linked protein glycosylation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (2016)

The attachment of sugars to proteins via side-chain oxygen atoms (O-linked glycosylation) is seen in all three domains of life. However, a lack of widely-applicable analytical tools has restricted the study of this process, particularly in bacteria. In E. coli, only four O-linked glycoproteins have previously been characterized. Here we present a glycoproteomics technique, termed BEMAP, which is based on the beta-elimination of O-linked glycans followed by Michael-addition of a phosphonic acid derivative, and subsequent titanium dioxide enrichment. This strategy allows site-specific mass-spectrometric identification of proteins with O-linked glycan modifications in a complex biological sample. Using BEMAP we identified cell surface-associated and membrane vesicle glycoproteins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and non-pathogenic E. coli K-12. We identified 618 glycosylated Serine and Threonine residues mapping to 140 proteins in ETEC, including several known virulence factors, and 34 in E. coli K-12. The two strains had 32 glycoproteins in common. Remarkably, the majority of the ETEC glycoproteins were conserved in both strains but nevertheless were only glycosylated in the pathogen. Therefore, bacterial O-linked glycosylation is much more extensive than previously thought, and is especially important to the pathogen.
Codeword-dependent post-filtering for vector quantization-based compression (2002)

A postfiltering technique for vector quantization (VQ)-based image compression schemes is presented. This technique uses the codeword of the current and neighboring blocks to identify appropriate two-dimensional postfilters. The filters are designed using a minimum mean-squared error (MMSE)-based training procedure and are therefore optimal for the images in the training set. Simulation results show that the postfiltering technique yields significant improvements in visual quality and signal-to-noise ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RadiO: a prototype application ontology for radiology reporting tasks. (2007)

We introduce RadiO, a prototype application ontology for the support of electronic radiology reporting. This application ontology is implemented in Protégé and comprises three layers: 1. a radiology report layer, capturing observations made on patient examinations through the use of a controlled vocabulary of the radiographic imaging domain (RadLex), 2. an imaging domain ontology, representing knowledge about image entities and their image features, and 3. a reference ontology for anatomy (Foundational Model of Anatomy), representing canonical anatomical knowledge. The aim of this prototype is to support the identification of image features of image entities and their use in diagnostic interpretations, as well as to provide a basis for structured reporting applications in the domain of medical imaging.