gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictive Guidance and Control Framework for (Semi-)Autonomous Vehicles in Public Traffic (2017)

In this paper, a predictive trajectory guidance and control framework is proposed that enables the safe operation of autonomous and semiautonomous vehicles considering the constraints of operating in dynamic public traffic. The core module of the framework is a nonlinear model predictive guidance module that uses a computationally expedient curvilinear frame for the description of the road and of the motion of the vehicle and other objects. The module enforces constraints generated from information about obstacles/other vehicles/objects, public traffic rules for speed limits and lane boundaries, and the limits of the vehicle's dynamics. The module can be configured in two basic modes. The first is a tracking mode, where the control inputs computed by the model predictive guidance module act as references for traditional lower level control systems. The second is a planning mode, where the traffic-optimal state trajectories computed by the model predictive control are reinterpreted for planning the optimal path and speed, which in turn can be tracked by an elaborate speed and path tracking controller. The performance of most aspects of the proposed scheme is illustrated by considering various simulations of the control framework applied to a high-fidelity vehicle dynamics model of the (semi-)autonomous vehicle in typical public driving events, such as intersections, passing, emergency braking, and collision avoidance. The feasibility of the proposed control framework for real-time application is highlighted with the discussions of the computational execution times observed for these various scenarios.
Vortex via validation (2003)

The first vortex masks composed of rectangles with phases of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° - as proposed at Photomask 2002 - have been fabricated and shown to print sub-100nm contacts. The walls of the phase trenches are very nearly vertical, with all four phase regions meeting at sharp corners which define the phase singularities. Arrays with pitches down to 210nm have been printed in negative DUV resist using KrF illumination with NA=0.73 and sigma=0.15. The developed contacts are somewhat elliptical, but their shapes can be corrected (if necessary) by OPC techniques. The depth of focus for +/-10% CD variation is >400nm for 85nm CD vias at 210nm pitch and >700nm for 100nm vias at 250nm pitch. The exposure latitude is ~15% at best focus. At constant exposure dose, the via CDs vary with pitch as predicted by simulations. Increasing exposure dose makes the openings smaller, more uniform and more circular. No significant surface development has appeared due to phase-edge printing. However, the spacewidth alternation phenomenon familiar from linear chromeless phase-edge lithography does cause small positional errors for vortex vias, and each of the four vortices in the repeating pattern behaves somewhat differently through focus, potentially limiting the common process window.
Why to Decouple the Uplink and Downlink in Cellular Networks and How To Do It (2015)

Ever since the inception of mobile telephony, the downlink and uplink of cellular networks have been coupled, i.e. mobile terminals have been constrained to associate with the same base station (BS) in both the downlink and uplink directions. New trends in network densification and mobile data usage increase the drawbacks of this constraint, and suggest that it should be revisited. In this paper we identify and explain five key arguments in favor of Downlink/Uplink Decoupling (DUDe) based on a blend of theoretical, experimental, and logical arguments. We then overview the changes needed in current (LTE-A) mobile systems to enable this decoupling, and then look ahead to fifth generation (5G) cellular standards. We believe the introduced paradigm will lead to significant gains in network throughput, outage and power consumption at a much lower cost compared to other solutions providing comparable or lower gains.
Is dialysis hypotension caused by an abnormality of venous tone? (1988)

The role of peripheral vascular tone in the development of hypotension induced by dialysis was investigated in eight patients undergoing haemodialysis with acetate or bicarbonate buffered fluid. Each patient had two sessions of dialysis with acetate fluid and two with bicarbonate fluid in the order acetate, bicarbonate, bicarbonate, acetate or bicarbonate, acetate, acetate, bicarbonate. Mean arterial blood pressure fell at a mean rate of 3.9 mm Hg/hour during dialysis with acetate fluid and 1.4 mm Hg/hour during dialysis with bicarbonate fluid. The rate of fall was significantly greater during dialysis with acetate fluid compared with bicarbonate fluid. Heart rate increased by a mean rate of 2.6 beats/min/hour during dialysis with both acetate and bicarbonate fluid. Vascular resistance in the forearm increased at a rate of 3.6 units/hour during dialysis with acetate fluid and 4.5 units/hour during dialysis with bicarbonate fluid, but the venous bed of the forearm dilated. The index of venous tone rose at a mean rate of 0.23 ml/dl [corrected] over 40 mm Hg/hour during dialysis with acetate fluid and 0.20 ml/dl over 40 mm Hg/hour during dialysis with bicarbonate fluid. Inappropriate peripheral venodilatation may be important in the development of hypotension induced by dialysis.
Nucleoside 5′-phosphordiamidates, synthesis and some properties (1975)

A simple way of preparing nucleoside 5'-phosphordiamidate is described. The procedure is based on the ammonolysis of nucleoside 5'-phosphordichloridates by dilute aqueous ammonium hydroxide. The behaviour of nucleoside phosphordiamidates under acidic and alkaline conditions is also reported. Alkaline hydrolysis results in the formation of the parent nucleoside, whereas one amide group can be removed selectively by mild acid hydrolysis. This property of nucleoside phosphordiamidates served as a basis for the elaboration of a simple synthesis of nucleoside phosphoramidates starting from nucleosides.
Highly Selective Fluorinating Agents: a Counteranion-Bound N-Fluoropyridinium Salt System (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly Selective Fluorinating Agents: a Counteranion-Bound N-Fluoropyridinium Salt SystemTeruo Umemoto and Ginjiro TomizawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 20, 6563–6570Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00125a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00125a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1470Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Scheme for Ultrafast Optical Waveform Sampling Based on a Highly Nonlinear Photonic Crystal Fiber (2011)

A novel scheme is proposed for ultrafast optical waveform sampling which uses the four-wave mixing in a dispersionflattened highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (DF-HNL-PCF). We report the first demonstration of an optical sampling gate by employing a 20m DF-HNL-PCF to observe the 160Gbit∕s optical data signal with temporal resolution of 0.64 ps. The proposed scheme shows a potential of realizing wideband optical waveform sampling systems in a simple configuration.
SOME FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF NEPHELINE SYENITE* (1939)

A bstract The fundamental properties of nepheline syenite, such as thermal expansion and fusion characteristics, are given. Test specimens of twelve bodies, comprising various flux combinations of nepheline syenites and potash feldspars with talc, whiting, magnesium carbonate, and pyrophyllite, were fired to seven different cones. The firing linear shrinkage curves of combinations of nepheline syenite with the. various materials are somewhat similar to such combinations with potash feldspar except that the syenite combinations are active at lower temperatures. That the sintering ranges of nepheline syenites are longer than those of potash feldspar is explained thermochemically.
Flotation: Theory, Reagents and Ore Testing (1992)

Chapter headings. Introduction. Flotation fundamentals. The mechanism of flotation. Sulphide mineral flotation. Thiol collector chemistry. Commercial sulphhydryl collectors. Properties of flotation froths. Chemical properties of frothers. Flotation modifiers. Sulphides - depression and activation. Mill tests - case histories. Sulphide mill practice. Non-metallic mineral flotation. Flotation testing. Bibliography. Subject index. Author index.
Tomato SlRbohB, a member of the NADPH oxidase family, is required for disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea and tolerance to drought stress (2015)

NADPH oxidases (also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs, Rbohs) are key enzymes that catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. In the present study, eight SlRboh genes were identified in tomato and their possible involvement in resistance to Botrytis cinerea and drought tolerance was examined. Expression of SlRbohs was induced by B. cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato but displayed distinct patterns. Virus-induced gene silencing based silencing of SlRbohB resulted in reduced resistance to B. cinerea but silencing of other SlRbohs did not affect the resistance. Compared to non-silenced plants, the SlRbohB-silenced plants accumulated more ROS and displayed attenuated expression of defense genes after infection with B. cinerea. Silencing of SlRbohB also suppressed flg22-induced ROS burst and the expression of SlLrr22, a marker gene related to PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Transient expression of SlRbohB in Nicotiana benthamiana led to enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. Furthermore, silencing of SlRbohB resulted in decreased drought tolerance, accelerated water loss in leaves and the altered expression of drought-responsive genes. Our data demonstrate that SlRbohB positively regulates the resistance to B. cinerea, flg22-induced PTI, and drought tolerance in tomato.
Docking studies and model development of tea polyphenol proteasome inhibitors: Applications to rational drug design (2003)

Previously, we demonstrated that natural and synthetic ester bond-containing green tea polyphenols were potent and specific non-peptide proteasome inhibitors. However, the molecular mechanism of inhibition is currently unknown. Here, we report that inhibition of the chymotrypsin activity of the 20S proteasome by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is time-dependent and irreversible, implicating acylation of the beta5-subunit's catalytic N-terminal threonine (Thr 1). This knowledge is used, along with in silico docking experiments, to aid in the understanding of binding and inhibition. On the basis of these docking experiments, we propose that (-)-EGCG binds the chymotrypsin site in an orientation and conformation that is suitable for a nucleophilic attack by Thr 1. Consistently, the distance from the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of (-)-EGCG to the hydroxyl group of Thr 1 was measured as 3.18 A. Furthermore, the A ring of (-)-EGCG acts as a tyrosine mimic, binding to the hydrophobic S1 pocket of the beta5-subunit. In the process, the (-)-EGCG scissile bond may become strained, which could lower the activation energy for attack by the hydroxyl group of Thr 1. This model is validated by comparison of predicted and actual activities of several EGCG analogs, either naturally occurring, previously synthesized, or rationally synthesized.
Application of magnetic energy storage unit as continuous VAr controller (1990)

It is shown that magnetic energy storage units can simultaneously operate as continuous VAr (volt-ampere reactive) controllers while performing the role of load-frequency stabilizers in electrical power systems. This is achieved by operating the converter in the buck-boost mode with a switched capacitor bank placed across its terminals. The P versus Q modulation ranges of the 12-pulse converter depend on the source inductance, secondary voltage of the input transformers, and output current. Once the input transformer is chosen, the Q modulation range depends on the active power transfer and the current through the inductor at any instant of time. The actual reactive power consumption of the converter is varied continuously, depending on the requirements of the power system, while keeping within the Q-modulation range. Switching of the capacitor bank keeps the required Q consumption of the converter within the available range. It is shown that this mode of control improves the overall performance of the power system in P-f and Q-V loops and obviates the use of any additional VAr compensator in the power area where the SMES (superconducting magnetic energy storage) unit is located.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microscopy of Isotactic Polypropylene Crazed and Fractured in Liquid Nitrogen (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicroscopy of Isotactic Polypropylene Crazed and Fractured in Liquid NitrogenH. G. Olf and A. PeterlinCite this: Macromolecules 1973, 6, 3, 470–472Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60033a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60033a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peroxiredoxin-linked Detoxification of Hydroperoxides in Toxoplasma gondii (2004)

The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is highly susceptible to oxidative stress caused by tert-butyl-hydroperoxide, juglone, and phenazine methylsulfate with IC(50) in the nanomolar range. Using dichlorofluorescein diacetate, a detector of endogenous oxidative stress, it was shown that juglone and phenazine methylsulfate are potentially toxic to the parasites without affecting the host cells. These results demonstrate that T. gondii is vulnerable to oxidative challenge that results from disruption of its redox balance and so this could be an effective approach to therapeutic intervention. This study has characterized redox active and antioxidant peroxidases belonging to the class of 1-Cys and 2-Cys peroxiredoxins that play crucial roles in maintaining redox balance. The tachyzoite stages of T. gondii express thioredoxin (TgTrx), 1-Cys peroxiredoxin (TgTrx-Px2), and a 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (TgTrx-Px1) and immunofluorescent studies revealed that all three proteins are located in the cytosol of the parasite confirming previous studies on TgTrx-Px1 (Kwok, L.Y., Schluter, D., Clayton, C., and Soldati, D. (2004) Mol. Microbiol. 51, 47-61). TgTrx-Px1 showed K(m) values for H(2)O(2) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the nanomolar range, emphasizing the great affinity of the protein for theses substrates. Moreover, the catalytic efficiency of TgTrx-Px1 for these substrates at 10(6)-10(7) M(-1) s(-1) is unusually high, which qualifies the enzyme as an extremely potent antioxidant. Kinetic analyses revealed that TgTrx-Px1 is inhibited by tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and apparent inhibition constants were determined to be between 33 and 35.6 microm depending on the concentration of the non-inhibitory substrate thioredoxin. TgTrx-Px2 protected glutamine synthetase from inactivation by Fe(3+)/DTT, showing that it is an active peroxiredoxin.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Epidermal Heat Flux Sensors for Measurements of Core Body Temperature (2015)

Long-term, continuous measurement of core body temperature is of high interest, due to the widespread use of this parameter as a key biomedical signal for clinical judgment and patient management. Traditional approaches rely on devices or instruments in rigid and planar forms, not readily amenable to intimate or conformable integration with soft, curvilinear, time-dynamic, surfaces of the skin. Here, materials and mechanics designs for differential temperature sensors are presented which can attach softly and reversibly onto the skin surface, and also sustain high levels of deformation (e.g., bending, twisting, and stretching). A theoretical approach, together with a modeling algorithm, yields core body temperature from multiple differential measurements from temperature sensors separated by different effective distances from the skin. The sensitivity, accuracy, and response time are analyzed by finite element analyses (FEA) to provide guidelines for relationships between sensor design and performance. Four sets of experiments on multiple devices with different dimensions and under different convection conditions illustrate the key features of the technology and the analysis approach. Finally, results indicate that thermally insulating materials with cellular structures offer advantages in reducing the response time and increasing the accuracy, while improving the mechanics and breathability.
Microvesicles/exosomes as potential novel biomarkers of metabolic diseases (2012)

Biomarkers are of tremendous importance for the prediction, diagnosis, and observation of the therapeutic success of common complex multifactorial metabolic diseases, such as type II diabetes and obesity. However, the predictive power of the traditional biomarkers used (eg, plasma metabolites and cytokines, body parameters) is apparently not sufficient for reliable monitoring of stage-dependent pathogenesis starting with the healthy state via its initiation and development to the established disease and further progression to late clinical outcomes. Moreover, the elucidation of putative considerable differences in the underlying pathogenetic pathways (eg, related to cellular/tissue origin, epigenetic and environmental effects) within the patient population and, consequently, the differentiation between individual options for disease prevention and therapy - hallmarks of personalized medicine - plays only a minor role in the traditional biomarker concept of metabolic diseases. In contrast, multidimensional and interdependent patterns of genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic markers presumably will add a novel quality to predictive values, provided they can be followed routinely along the complete individual disease pathway with sufficient precision. These requirements may be fulfilled by small membrane vesicles, which are so-called exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs) that are released via two distinct molecular mechanisms from a wide variety of tissue and blood cells into the circulation in response to normal and stress/pathogenic conditions and are equipped with a multitude of transmembrane, soluble and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs. Based on the currently available data, EMVs seem to reflect the diverse functional and dysfunctional states of the releasing cells and tissues along the complete individual pathogenetic pathways underlying metabolic diseases. A critical step in further validation of EMVs as biomarkers will rely on the identification of unequivocal correlations between critical disease states and specific EMV signatures, which in future may be determined in rapid and convenient fashion using nanoparticle-driven biosensors.
A Street Parking System Using Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

Recently, with the explosive increase of automobiles in cities, parking problems are serious and even worsen in many cities. This paper proposes a street parking system (SPS) based on wireless sensor networks. The system can monitor the state of every parking space by deploying a magnetic sensor node on the space. For accurately detecting a parking car, a vehicle detection algorithm is proposed. And an adaptive sampling mechanism is used to reduce the energy consumption. Eighty-two sensor nodes are deployed on the street parking spaces to evaluate the performance of SPS. By running the system for more than one year, we observed that the vehicle detection accuracy of the SPS is better than 98%, and the lifetime of the sensor node is more than 5 years with a pair of 2500 mAh Li batteries.
Interleukin-9 Induces Mucous Cell Metaplasia Independent of Inflammation (2003)

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, including the overproduction of mucus, in humans and in animal models. We evaluated the inflammatory changes associated with the upregulation of mucus production by examining the time course of inflammation after daily intratracheal IL-9 administration to naive C57Bl6 mice for 9 d. IL-9 induced an asthmatic phenotype, which in general took several days to develop, as assessed by the measurement of airway hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary inflammation, and serum immunoglobulin E. However, within 24 h of a single dose of IL-9, muc5ac mRNA upregulation occurred, and increased numbers of periodic acid Schiff/Alcian blue-positive mucous cells appeared. This response occurred before the development of an inflammatory cell influx and was the result of epithelial metaplasia. It seemed that IL-9 evoked mucous cell metaplasia independent of IL-13 because mRNA tissue evaluation indicated that muc5ac upregulation preceded any increase in IL-13 mRNA expression or detectable levels of IL-13 in the brochoalveolar lavage fluid. Therefore, the upregulation of IL-13 by IL-9 may be responsible for the amplification of mucus production but is not required for its initiation. IL-9 seems to directly stimulate mucous cell metaplasia without the requirement of inflammatory cell influx.