gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex roots of the Stoneley-wave equation (1972)

Abstract The equation governing elastic waves propagating along a solid-solid interface is found to have sixteen (16) independent roots on its eight (8) associated Riemann sheets. The range of existence (in terms of material parameters) for the real root corresponding to the propagation of Stoneley waves has long been known. It is found that outside this range there are two types of behavior. If the material of greater density has a velocity slightly greater than that of the material of lesser density, the unattenuated Stoneley waves make a transition to attenuated Interface waves, i.e., they leak energy away from the interface as they propagate along it. If the more dense material has a velocity more than about three times that of the less dense, then the Interface-wave root disappears and energy is propagated along the interface as Rayleigh waves. This Rayleigh-wave propagation is associated with a different root of the fundamental equation. On the other hand, if the material of greater density has a velocity much lower than that of the material of lower density (a case that is difficult to find physically), then no energy will be propagated along the interface at all. This result was unexpected. Some rather interesting behavior of the 16 roots was noted as the physical parameters were varied over a wide range. In addition to the normal collisions between pairs of roots, and between individual roots and branch points (with attendant Riemann sheet jumping), it was found that some roots go through the point at infinity and return with a change in sign. At least one unexpected case of a multiple root was found. Another case was noted in which a pair of complex roots change quadrants in the complex phase-velocity plane, leading to a discontinuity in root type. Finally, it was noted that, in a cyclic variation of the material parameters, it is possible to choose a path such that the roots, when followed individually, will not return to their original values. In fact, as many as five cycles in parameter space can be accomplished before the roots return. All this strange mathematical behavior seems to have no physical significance, but has been presented to increase understanding of the general behavior of the dispersion relations associated with elastic-wave propagation.
Regulation of endogenous E2F1 stability by the retinoblastoma family proteins (1999)

Certain E2F transcription factor species play a pivotal role in regulating cell-cycle progression. The activity of E2F1, a protein with neoplastic transforming activity when unregulated, is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level during G0 exit. In addition, during this interval, the stability of endogenous E2F1 protein increased markedly. E2F1 stability also was dynamically regulated during myogenic differentiation and in response to gamma irradiation. One or more retinoblastoma family proteins likely participate in the stability process, because simian virus 40 T antigen disrupted E2F1 stability regulation during G1 exit in a manner dependent on its ability to bind to pocket proteins. Thus, endogenous E2F1 function is regulated by both transcriptional and posttranscriptional control mechanisms.
Summary Abstract: Preparation of polycrystalline thin films of Cu<sub>2</sub>S from thin films of copper in H<sub>2</sub>S:H<sub>2</sub> gas mixtures (1982)

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Nitrogen Management in Corn: Influences of Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) Applications With and Without Nitrogen Stabilizer Products. (2013)

Corn (Zea mays, L.) is a major crop produced in the nutrient sensitive Mid-Atlantic region. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for corn is considered sub-optimal and farmers in the region use a number of best management practices (BMPs) to improve corn NUE. Two sidedress application methods (surface banding and sub-surface injection) and four commercially available nitrogen stabilizer products (`Agrotain', `Agrotain Plus', `Instinct', `Nutrisphere-N') were investigated during 2009-2011 over three N fertilizer rates at nine total locations. Headspace ammonia accumulation (post-sidedress) was indexed to the surface applied UAN treatment and resulted in application method and stabilizer products having a significant effect for headspace ammonia accumulations. Post-harvest inorganic soil nitrogen was not affected by application method or stabilizer products. Yield was not significantly affected by application method or stabilizer products but was affected by N rate. Total plant N concentration was not significantly affected by application method or stabilizer products.
Immunity to coccidiosis: maternal transfer in<i>Eimeria maxima</i>infections (1972)

Chicks hatched from eggs laid in the third and fourth weeks after inoculation of the hens with oocysts of E. maxima excreted fewer oocysts in response to a challenge inoculum of E. maxima given at 1 week of age than controls hatched from the eggs of uninfected hens. A λ-livetin fraction prepared from the yolks of eggs laid by hens 14–22 days after a single inoculation of oocysts of E. maxima and injected subcutaneously into 2-week-old chicks caused a similar reduction in oocyst yield from a challenge inoculum. The serum of the donor hens, obtained at the corresponding time intervals was protective. These results confirm that immunity to infection with E. maxima is, at least in part, mediated by humoral antibodies.
The Choice of the Fixating Eye in Paralytic and Nonparalytic Strabismus (1945)

(1945). The Choice of the Fixating Eye in Paralytic and Nonparalytic Strabismus. Clinical and Experimental Optometry: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 55-57.
Fabrication and modelling of fractal, biomimetic, micro and nano-topographical surfaces (2016)

Natural surface topographies are often self-similar with hierarchical features at the micro and nanoscale, which may be mimicked to overcome modern tissue engineering and biomaterial design limitations. Specifically, a cell's microenvironment within the human body contains highly optimised, fractal topographical cues, which directs precise cell behaviour. However, recreating biomimetic, fractal topographies in vitro is not a trivial process and a number of fabrication methods have been proposed but often fail to precisely control the spatial resolution of features at different lengths scales and hence, to provide true biomimetic properties. Here, we propose a method of accurately reproducing the self-similar, micro and nanoscale topography of a human biological tissue into a synthetic polymer through an innovative fabrication process. The biological tissue surface was characterised using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to obtain spatial data in X, Y and Z, which was converted into a grayscale 'digital photomask'. As a result of maskless grayscale optical lithography followed by modified deep reactive ion etching and replica molding, we were able to accurately reproduce the fractal topography of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Characterisation using AFM at three different length scales revealed that the nano and micro-topographical features, in addition to the fractal dimension, of native ADM were reproduced in PDMS. In conclusion, it has been shown that the fractal topography of biological surfaces can be mimicked in synthetic materials using the novel fabrication process outlined, which may be applied to significantly enhance medical device biocompatibility and performance.
Experimental Investigation of Radial and Linear Acid Injection into Carbonates for Well Stimulation Operations (2018)

Abstract Linear core flooding experiments have been extensively conducted to develop a fundamental understanding of the interactions between the acid and rock and provide guidance to control and optimize matrix acidizing operations. These experimental studies are mostly performed at lower than true reservoir operating conditions (pressure and temperature) using cylindrical cores of few inches length. Well treatment design software based on upscaling linear core flood data to design well treatment schedules including the selection of pump volumes, rates and fluids may fail to predict wormhole penetration depth and identify the optimum injection rate as the field acidizing operations are dictated by radial flow configuration. Given its associated complexity, only few radial acidizing experiments have been reported in the literature. A sophisticated experimental set-up capable of treating large-scale rock blocks is used to conduct radial acidizing experiments at high pressure levels mimicking real reservoir conditions. A series of linear core flow experiments are also conducted for various injection rates at similar operating conditions in terms of applied pressure and temperature. Acidizing efficiency curves showing the variations of the pore volume to breakthrough (PVBT) as function of acid injection rate, along with the optimum injection rate are obtained and compared. The experimental results show that the acidizing efficiency curve of radial acid injection is drastically different from that of linear core acid injection. Higher PVBT values are for the linear acidizing case. The 3D wormhole networks resulting from acidizing such as wormhole depth, branching, initiation and death are influenced by a transfer to radial acid injection, leading to a significant change of the resultant fluid conductivity compared to that predicted from linear studies. Acidizing efficiency curves constitute a critical component of most carbonate-matrix-stimulation models used in the oil & gas industry. Most of the existing models are based on the linear core acid injection experimental data while radial acidizing is more representative of real acidizing operations. The present experimental study is expected to redefine state-of-the-art of PVBT and optimum injection used in matrix acidizing applications.
Controlled expression of click beetle luciferase using a bacterial operator-repressor system (1994)

The bioluminescent phenotype conferred by luciferase genes in a particular bacterium has demonstrated to be one of the most versatile and useful methods to detect microorganisms. Genetic constructions derived from miniTn5 vectors have been constructed for the introduction and stable maintenance of the click beetle luciferase gene, lucOR, in various Gram-negative bacteria. To attenuate the expression in the environment where the marked strain has to survive (and to allow sensitive detection when desired) a DNA fragment containing the repressor gene lacIq and a Ptrc::lucOR fusion was cloned onto a suicide plasmid. This construction is able to express high luciferase levels only when induced by IPTG. Matings between Escherichia coli containing the suicide transposon vector and different recipient bacteria gave transposition frequencies from 10(-7) to 10(-5). Strains with miniTn5-lucOR insertions showed luciferase activity induced by IPTG addition. The stringency of the regulation and the intensity of light emission depended on the tagged strain. This system allows stable maintenance of the marker and tight control of luciferase expression in the environment.
Stateless model checking of the Linux kernel's hierarchical read-copy-update (tree RCU) (2017)

Read-Copy-Update (RCU) is a synchronization mechanism used heavily in key components of the Linux kernel, such as the virtual filesystem (VFS), to achieve scalability by exploiting RCU's ability to allow concurrent reads and updates. RCU's design is non-trivial, requires significant effort to fully understand it, let alone become convinced that its implementation is faithful to its specification and provides its claimed properties. The fact that as time goes by Linux kernels are becoming increasingly more complex and are employed in machines with more and more cores and weak memory does not make the situation any easier.
Toxicity and antileukemic effectiveness of pyridine derivatives and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives in mice. Relationship to nicotinamide antagonism. (1962)

Detailed data are presented on the toxicology and antileukemic (L-1210) effectiveness of pyridine derivatives and thiadiazole derivatives with reference to their metabolite-antagonist relationships with nicotinamide. The data are related to previous biochemical findings and discussed with reference to their possible significance to antitumor chemotherapy.

Most of the pyridine derivatives employed undergo an exchange reaction with the nicotinamide moiety of diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN), forming analog of DPN in vitro (18). Since the exchange reaction may occur in vivo (5,22), the formation of fraudulent DPN has been suggested as a possible mechanism of their toxic effects (22).

In the current studies, nicotinamide was found to protect against the toxicity of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) or its reduction product, pyridyl-3-methylcarbinol, Nicotinamide did not protect against the toxicity of pyridyl-3-carbinol, pyridyl-3-aldehyde, 3-methylpyridine (β-picoline) or pyridine.

Nicotinamide also protected against the toxicity of 6-aminonicotinamide, 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (ATDA), and 2-ethylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (EATDA).

Protection against 3-AP toxicity was afforded by N-methylnicotinamide, N-ethylnicotinamide, and nicotinhydroxamic acid. These pyridine bases are known to form DPN (14,23). DPN also protected against 3-AP toxicity. The failure of N,N-diethylnicotinamide to reverse 3-AP toxicity may have arisen from the acute toxicity of N,N-diethylnicotinamide itself.

Nicotinamide protected well against 3-AP toxicity when given at various times ranging from 4 hours prior to 3-AP to 2 hours after 3-AP. When nicotinamide was given 9 hours prior to 3-AP, protection by the metabolite was reduced. Previous biochemical findings had indicated that liver DPN synthesis reaches a peak in 8 to 12 hours after nicotinamide injection and is increased approximately 9-fold in about 9 hours (23). The current data indicate that the protection by nicotinamide against 3-AP toxicity resulted from direct competition between nicotinamide and 3-AP and is not attributable primarily to biosynthesized DPN.

A wide range of antileukemic (L-1210) activity was found among the nicotinamide antagonists tested. The thiadiazole derivatives, ATDA and EATDA, displayed a high degree of activity. 6-Aminonicotinamide was moderately active. 3-AP and other pyridine derivatives were relatively inactive. The antileukemic activities of the thiadiazole derivatives and 6-aminonicotinamide were reversible by nicotinamide.

N,N-Diethylnicotinamide (Coramine), although failing to protect against 3-AP toxicity, reversed the antileukemic activity of ATDA. Similarly, nicotinic acid reversed the antileukemic activity of ATDA but did not protect against 3-AP toxicity.
Interactive distance learning over intranets (1997)

Many distance learning systems claim to be interactive, but few can offer two-way video, on-the-fly interaction and application sharing. To address these limitations, our research group built the Interactive Remote Instruction (IRI) system, which links sites over a high-speed intranet, allowing students at geographically dispersed satellite campuses and community colleges to take a class together. Access from home PCs through a Windows NT port is planned but not yet available. IRI improves on the Old Dominion University's Teletechnet system in five areas: video resolution, asymmetrical video presence, interaction, teacher support and computer simulations.
Fullerenes for organic electronics (2007)

Dit proefschrift beschrijft de synthese en toepassing van fullerenen in plastic electronika. Fullerenen bestaan geheel uit koolstof en vormen een kooistructuur. Ze hebben de bijzondere eigenschap dat ze zeer goed elektronen kunnen accepteren en geleiden. De mate waarin elektronen geaccepteerd worden is van groot belang voor verschillende toepassingen. In dit proefschrift zijn de volgende toepassingsgebieden onderzocht: plastic zonnecellen, plastic transistoren en holografische materialen. Geprobeerd is, door chemische modificatie, het elektronen accepterende vermogen van fullerenen te veranderen. We laten zien dat wanneer fullerenen gebruikt worden in zonnecellen het van belang is dit elektronen accepterende vermogen te verminderen. Hierdoor kunnen hogere voltages bereikt worden. Voor het gebruik van fullerenen in transistoren is het belangrijk dat deze fullerenen stabiel zijn aan de lucht. Door het elektronen accepterend vermogen te verhogen is, voor het eerst, gebleken dat er luchtstabiele transistoren gemaakt kunnen worden. Holografische materialen, worden gebruikt als medisch diagnotische techniek. Met deze techniek kunnen opnames van weefsel onder de huid gemaakt worden. Eén component in het materiaal is fullerenen. We laten zien in dit proefschrift dat, hoe beter het fullereen elektronen accepteert, hoe beter de resolutie van het beeld wordt. De snelheid waarmee een dergelijk hologram gemaakt, gelezen en gewist kan worden is zo snel dat er videobeelden van gemaakt kunnen worden. De laatste hoofdstukken zijn van meer theoretische aard. We laten hier een nieuwe manier zien om de elektronische eigenschappen van fullerenen, door middel van chemische modificatie, te veranderen. Als laatste wordt de synthese van gigantische parelketting structuren beschreven.
Proceedings of the Military mTBI Diagnostics Workshop, St. Pete Beach, August 2010 (2011)

Approximately 28,000 service members (SMs) sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year in the U.S. military. The majority of the injuries result either in a brief or no loss of consciousness, and are classified as a mild TBI (mTBI or concussion). Current evaluation guidelines of SMs suspected of having a mTBI rely heavily on self-reports. However, there is concern that SMs typically minimize or do not report their symptoms of mTBI for fear that doing so will result in being removed from the battlefield. Because mTBI often results in headaches, cognitive dysfunction, attention difficulties, and balance problems, returning to the battlefield before resolution of their symptoms can be dangerous for the SM and for their unit. Sustaining a second concussion before resolution of a previous mTBI also may make long-term neuronal injury more likely. The mTBI Diagnostics Workshop was designed as a forum where civilian and military experts from a variety of TBI-related clinical and basic science disciplines could meet to define the diagnostic tools, alone or in combination, that were most likely to result in an acute, objective diagnosis of mTBI. The premise of the meeting was that a small number of well-focused research projects conducted over the next 2-3 years could be done to validate the optimal test, or more likely combination of tests, that would be practical and reliable for the acute diagnosis of mTBI within 2-3 h of injury in theater. The recommendations of the Workshop are provided in this report.
Offending and reoffending patterns of arsonists and bushfire arsonists in New South Wales (2008)

Arson is the setting of deliberate or malicious fires, and may target buildings (structural arson) or vegetation (including bushfire arson). It is a serious crime that has traditionally received little attention from researchers in Australia. Published Australian data provide some useful information on arson arrests and sentencing outcomes, however, many questions remain unanswered and there are no published Australian studies relating to arson reoffending. The aim of this study is to examine arson offending of individuals who appeared in a NSW court charged with arson or bushfire arson over a five-year period. Also examined is prior offending, defined in this study as a prior conviction, in the seven years before the arson offence. Data on all individuals who appeared in a NSW court charged with an arson or a bushfire arson offence in the five years to September 2006 were obtained from the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research. A total of 1,099 arson and 133 bushfire arson defendants (n = 1,232) were identified. The characteristics of these individuals are outlined. The diversity in known offending highlights the need for treatment programs that focus not just on fire setting but wider behavioural issues.
Online communities as communities of practice: a case study (2008)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate to which extent the concept of communities of practice (CoPs) can be applied to online communities and to explore how organizations can better utilize online social structures for their knowledge management practice. Design/methodology/approach A case study was used to examine an online community with the practice‐and‐identity framework that characterizes conventional CoPs. Qualitative data analysis was conducted primarily on 7,853 messages downloaded from the online community during a six week period. Findings The results showed how an online community could manifest the practice and identity characteristics of conventional CoPs as community members actively engaged in their shared practice and identity development while pursuing a joint enterprise. Research limitations/implications – The study was conducted in a single Chinese online community on traveling, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications This study suggested how organizations can nurture online CoPs. In addition, a hierarchical model was proposed to help organizations identify the appropriate online social structure for their knowledge management purposes. Originality/value – This study empirically verified that CoPs can emerge from online communities and demonstrated that the concept of CoPs can be used to guide knowledge sharing and knowledge creation in online environments.
Pressure dependence of the glass transition temperature in ionic liquids and solutions. Evidence against free volume theories (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPressure dependence of the glass transition temperature in ionic liquids and solutions. Evidence against free volume theoriesE. Williams and C. A. AngellCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1977, 81, 3, 232–237Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100518a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j100518a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views348Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts