gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of a human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene (US3) by a silencer-enhancer combination (1996)

The US3 open reading frame of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is transcribed at immediate-early (IE) times after infection. Upstream of the US3 promoter, between -84 and -259 bp relative to the transcription start site, there are five copies of an 18-bp repeat, referred to as 5R2. Between -340 and -560 bp there are seven copies of a 10-bp dyad repeat, referred to as 7R1. We investigated the roles of these repeats in transcription from the US3 promoter in human foreskin fibroblast or HeLa cells. In transient transfection assays, the region containing 5R2 up-regulated transcription and was responsive to the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B. The DNA region containing 7R1 down-regulated transcription from either the US3 promoter or a heterologous promoter in a position- and orientation-independent manner. Mutational analysis and transient transfections indicated that DNA containing the 10-bp dyad or one-half of the dyad was sufficient to cause repression of downstream gene expression. DNA probes containing one or more copies of the pentanucleotide sequence TGTCG specifically bound cellular proteins, as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and cold-competition electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Two different DNA-protein complexes were detected with DNA probes containing one or two copies of the pentanucleotide. In HCMV-infected cell nuclear extracts, one of the DNA-protein complexes was present in amounts inversely proportional to the amount of US3 transcription. Its formation was affected by dephosphorylation of the DNA-binding protein(s). Transient dephosphorylation of the cellular repressor protein may occur during HCMV infection. Repression of US3 transcription may relate to the number of pentanucleotides and the cellular proteins that bind to it. Twenty-one copies of a TRTCG motif (R = purine) were found clustered upstream of the US3 gene and also in the modulator upstream of the HCMV IE1 and IE2 genes.
Capacitive Proximity Sensor Array With a Simple High Sensitivity Capacitance Measuring Circuit for Human–Computer Interaction (2018)

Capacitive proximity sensor uses electric fields to detect contactless objects like human body. Owing to its simplicity and low cost, it is an attractive choice for the application of human-computer interaction. For existing capacitive proximity sensor systems, their detection ranges are less than 20 cm that cannot meet the requirements of the applications for long distance sensing. This motivates us to develop a new capacitive proximity sensor system for human-computer interaction in this paper. A capacitive sensor array, which consists of 4 × 4 sensor units with comb shapes, is first designed. The dimensions of the whole array and a single unit are, respectively, 30 cm × 30 cm and 4 cm × 4 cm, which are comprehensively considered with hand swing distance in natural state and the sensing distance. More specifically, an outer guard with a lattice-like structure which encloses sensor cells is designed to reduce the crosstalk from its neighboring cells, and a simple capacitance measuring circuit is presented. Comparing to the charge/discharge, ac-based and CDC-chip-based capacitance measuring circuit, the proposed measuring circuit offers plain design, highest sensitivity (3.53 V/pF), and fastest speed (4 μs). The experimental results show that the system can capture hand motion up to 45 cm and get hand motion trajectory using the hand position tracking algorithm. These features indicate that the proposed system is very suitable for human-computer interaction applications in the future, such as rehabilitation training and somatosensory game.
Some approaches to infrared spectroscopy for detection of buried objects (1998)

Detection of buried objects presents a formidable challenge which requires many different approaches. Infrared imaging has proven its versatility in a number of applications. Recent advances in technology have opened the door for spectroscopic imaging systems which can produce images of reflectivity or emissivity as a function of two spatial dimensions and wavelength. These images have been largely unexploited for detection of buried and surface-laid landmines. Several promising opportunities exist for this application in different parts of the infrared spectrum. Variations in soil moisture content, vegetation condition, and soil composition may well be related to the presence of shallow-buried objects. In addition, polarimetric signatures appear useful in detecting man-made objects on the surface and may even help in detecting buried objects. This paper will explore both the feasibility of using infrared spectral imagery in the 1-to-2.5 and 8-to-12 micrometer infrared bands to detect surface-laid and buried objects.
Reversal of chloroquine resistance with verapamil in P. berghei in vivo. (1992)

The effects of verapamil on the parasite susceptibility to chloroquine were examined in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant lines of Plasmodium berghei. Verapamil in a dose of 10-50 mg/kg daily s.c. for 4 days did not affect the growth of both sensitive and resistant parasites. When verapamil in the same dose range was combined with 1.5 mg/kg chloroquine diphosphate, the chloroquine-sensitive parasites became more susceptible to chloroquine. Similarly, verapamil severely suppressed the growth of chloroquine-resistant parasites in combination with 3 mg/kg (base) of chloroquine, but the reversal of resistance was not complete. Thus, still higher doses of verapamil, which are not tolerated by the host, are required for the complete reversal of resistance.
Blockade by ONO‐NT‐012, a unique prostanoid analogue, of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>‐induced allodynia in conscious mice (1995)

1. Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to conscious mice was reported to induce allodynia, a state of discomfort and pain evoked by innocuous tactile stimuli through prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP1 and hyperalgesia through prostaglandin E receptor subtypes EP2 and/or EP3. In the present study, we investigated the effects of an EP1 antagonist on these sensory disorders by use of ONO-NT-012 or AH6809. 2. ONO-NT-012 dose-dependently antagonized the PGE2-induced allodynia but had no effect on the PGE2-induced hyperalgesia by the hot plate test. On the other hand, AH6809 blocked the PGE2-induced hyperalgesia at the highest dose examined (50 micrograms kg-1) but had no effect on the PGE2-induced allodynia. The i.t. injection of AH6809 or ONO-NT-012 alone did not have any effect on the response to noxious or innocuous stimuli. 3. Increasing doses (5 pg kg(-1)-500 ng kg-1) of ONO-NT-012 produced parallel shifts to the right of the dose-response curves to PGE2. The Schild plot regression line was linear and the slope was close to unity. The pA2 value against PGE2 was calculated to be 9.96. 4. The present study demonstrates that i.t. administration of PGE2 exerts allodynia through EP1 in the mouse spinal cord and that ONO-NT-012 is a highly potent, simple competitive antagonist for the PGE2-induced allodynia.
First record of the Storm Petrel,<i>Hydrobates pelagicus</i>, in Turkey (1990)

Abstract Three Storm Petrels were observed on the coast near Kaş on the Turkish Mediterranean Sea, on 29.4.1988. This is the first Turkish record.
Short Term Earthquake Forecasts at Koyna, India (2011)

Abstract Earthquake activity is monitored in real time at the Koyna reservoir in western India, beginning from August 2005 and successful short term forecasts have been made of M ~ 4 earthquakes. The basis of these forecasts is the observation of nucleation that precedes such earthquakes. Here we report that a total of 29 earthquakes in the magnitude range of 3.5 to 5.1 occurred in the region during the period of August 2005 through May 2010. These earthquakes could broadly be put in three zones. Zone-A has been most active accounting for 18 earthquakes, while 5 earthquakes in Zone-B and 6 in Zone-C have occurred. Earthquakes in Zone-A are preceded by well defined nucleation, while it is not the case with zones B and C. This indicates the complexity of the earthquakes processes and the fact that even in a small seismically active area of only 20 km x 30 km earthquake forecast is difficult.
PRETREATMENT WITH LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS AND RENAL ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL IN THE RAT1 (1987)

The induction of antigen-induced immunosuppression by highly purified lymphocyte populations of different phenotypes was investigated in a rat renal allograft model (LEW-to-DA). Lymphocyte populations were prepared from Lewis spleen cells by rosette depletion and flow cytometric separation. Rosette depletion was performed using appropriate monoclonal reagents. B cells were prepared from spleen lymphocytes by rosette depletion of T cells, using three monoclonal antibodies: MRC OX19 (anti-T-cell), MRC OX8 (anti-T-cytotoxic/suppressor) and MRC W3/25 (anti-T-helper). T cells were purified by rosette depletion of B cells with MRC OX12 (anti-rat-K-chain). After depletion the lymphocyte populations were analyzed by flow cytometry and the purity of each preparation determined. B cells were 93.6% pure and T cells were 92.4% pure. Intravenous injection of 5 X 10(6) of these LEW B or T cells one week before transplantation of a LEW kidney into a DA recipient resulted in was indefinite renal allograft survival (median survival time [MST] greater than 100 days). Purification of the enriched B and T cell preparations by flow sorting resulted in highly purified populations of spleen B cells (99.3%) and T cells (98.2%). Further fractionation of the T cells into cells of T helper (99.6%) (i.e., W3/25-positive) and T cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype (99.4%) (i.e., MRC OX8-positive) was performed. While purified B cells, T cells, and T helper cells, given at a dose of 10(6) cells intravenously one week before transplantation resulted in long-term renal allograft survival (MST greater than 100 days), cells of the T cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype did not prevent graft rejection at this dose (MST 10 days).
<title>Gamut mapping computer-generated imagery</title> (1991)

Existing device independent color representations are based on standards established for identifying single colors viewed on a neutral background or quantifying small differences between similar colors. However, when reproducing images or illustrations, the relationship between colors is often more important than the fidelity of individual colors. Furthermore, clients often choose to adapt their output to individual device limitations to get the best reproduction for each medium. The process of maintaining the appearance of an image while mapping the colors to fit the gamut of the target device is called gamut mapping. This paper describes nonlinear adjustment of the image colors in lightness to control the dynamic range, and in chroma to bring overly saturated colors inside the target gamut. The authors perform calculations in the CIE L*a*b* color space. Benefits and limitations of this approach are described.
The visualization of electric force lines in two‐dimensional electric field computation (2000)

An algorithm for the visualization of the electric force lines is discussed. Based on the nodal potentials calculated by the conventional finite element method, the boundary conditions of the electric flux are determined by the integral of the electric displacement along all conductors. The finite element equations of the electric flux for two‐dimensional fields are derived. Especially for the axial symmetrical field, a new interpolation function is defined in order to avoid the infinity of the vector electric potential at the symmetrical axis. The nodal electric fluxes are calculated and the smooth electric force lines are visualized. Some examples show that this algorithm is very effective.
Surface Layer Erosion of Natural Caries Lesions with Phosphoric and Hydrochloric Acid Gels in Preparation for Resin Infiltration (2007)

The infiltration of proximal enamel lesions with low-viscosity light curing resins could be a viable approach to stop lesion progression. However, penetration of sealant might be hampered by the comparatively highly mineralized surface layers of natural lesions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three different etching gels in removing the surface layer in various etching times. Extracted human molars and premolars showing proximal white spot lesions were cut across the demineralized areas. Ninety-six lesions expected from visual examination to be confined to the outer enamel (C1) were selected. The cut surface and half of each lesion were varnished, thus serving as control. Subsequently, the lesions were etched with either phosphoric (37%) or hydrochloric (5 or 15%) acid gel for 30-120 s (n = 8/group). Specimens were examined using confocal microscopy and transversal microradiography. Surface layer reduction was significantly increased in lesions etched with 15% HCl gel for 90 and 120 s compared to those etched with H(3)PO(4) gel for 30-120 s (p < 0.05). No significant differences regarding the depths of erosion in the lesions compared to sound enamel could be observed (p > 0.05). An effective reduction in the surface layer of natural enamel caries can be achieved by etching with 15% hydrochloric acid gel for 90-120 s.
Kinetic Mechanism for the Interaction of Hirulog with Thrombin (1994)

Hirulog (D-FPRPGGGGDGDFEEIPEEYL) is a bivalent inhibitor of thrombin consisting of a moiety (D-FPRP) that binds to the active-site cleft and a hirudin-like C-terminal region (DGDFEEIPEEYL) that binds to the positively charged surface groove of thrombin known as the anion-binding exosite. The formation of the thrombin-Hirulog complex was studied using steady-state and rapid kinetics at 37 degrees C. The inhibition constant for Hirulog was found to be 1.9 nM. Hirulog was slowly degraded by thrombin with a kcat value of 0.01 s-1. The formation of the complex resulted in an enhancement of 44% in the intrinsic fluorescence of thrombin. The kinetics of the increase in thrombin fluorescence were described by a double-exponential decay. The dependence of the rate constant for the fast phase on the concentration of Hirulog could be described by the Michaelis-Menten equation with Km and kmax values of 0.75 +/- 0.12 microM and 325 +/- 17 s-1. The data were consistent with a mechanism in which the C-terminal region of Hirulog binds to the anion-binding exosite with a dissociation constant of 0.75 microM in the first step, followed by two intramolecular steps with rate constants of about 300 and 30 s-1. A C-terminal fragment of hirudin was found to compete in the first step confirming that this process corresponded to the binding of the hirudin-like C-terminus of Hirulog to the anion-binding exosite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Liposome disposition in vivo: effects of pre-dosing with lipsomes. (1980)

The effect of a high, intravenous dose of extruded multilamellar liposomes (1.1 g lipid/kg body weight) upon the subsequent ability of mouse tissues to take-up or bind a second intravenous dose of similar liposomes encapsulating 14C-inulin has been studied in vivo. The first and second doses were separated by either 1,5 or 24 hours. All tissue levels were measured one hour after the second dose. Controls received only the second dose. When the two doses were separated by one hours, 14C-levels in liver were depressed 6-fold and blood levels rose 29-fold relative to controls. However spleen uptake of lipsomes increased to three times control levels. When the two doses were separated by 24 hrs, the first dose had only a minimal effect on the disposition of the second dose. The results are consistent with a reversible blockade of hepatic, but not spleenic uptake and/or binding sites, by the first dose and indicate that adjusting a liposome dose (i.e. number of lipsomes) or use of a drug-free liposome pre-dose may be a useful technique for reducing hepatic uptake, increasing the circulation life time and/or modifying the tissue disposition properteries of therapeutic liposomes without changing liposome composition or size.
Left Ventricular Ejection Time is an Independent Predictor of Incident Heart Failure in a Community-Based Cohort (2017)

Left ventricular ejection time is an independent predictor of incident HF in a community-based cohort and provides incremental prognostic information on the risk of future HF and death when added to known risk prediction models.
<i>Fluorescent Probes and Labels for Biomedical Applications</i> (2008)

Fluorescence probes and labels have become indispensable tools for clinical diagnostics, high-throughput screening, and other biomedical applications. We have developed several classes of new squaraine-based red and near-infrared (NIR) probes and labels (SETA and Square series), naphthalimide-based fluorescence lifetime dyes (SeTau series), and cyanine- and squaraine-based quenchers (SQ series). This report discusses the spectral and photophysical properties of these new markers. In particular, the red and NIR dyes of the SETA and Square series are extremely bright, with photostabilities that are unmatched by any other dyes in the same spectral region.
Which laboratory variable is related with time trial performance time in the Tour de France? (2004)

Actual performance in long TT during the Tour de France (>50 km distance, performed after at least 1-2 weeks of continuous competition), in which some cumulative fatigue inevitably occurs, is related, at least in part, to the power output that elicits the VT. No other routine physiological variable (for example, Vo(2max) or W(peak)) is related to performance in this type of event.
Inhibition of Lupus Anticoagulant Activity by Hexagonal Phase Phosphatidylethanolamine in the Presence of Prothrombin (1998)

We have previously demonstrated that lupus anticoagulant antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) specifically recognize hexagonal (II) phase phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), but not bilayer PE (Thromb Haemost 1989; 62: 892). In those studies, the involvement of proteins in this recognition was not evaluated. To address this issue, we have isolated IgG lupus anticoagulant antibodies from the plasma of SLE patients and evaluated the inhibition of lupus anticoagulant activity by hexagonal (II) phase PE in the presence and absence of purified plasma proteins. All six of the IgG lupus anticoagulant antibodies tested were inhibited by hexagonal (II) phase PE in the presence, but not the absence, of human prothrombin. In contrast, little or no inhibition was observed with prothrombin alone or with PE in combination with either beta2-glycoprotein I or annexin V. These data indicate that, for certain lupus anticoagulant antibodies, inhibition by hexagonal (II) phase PE is dependent on prothrombin, suggesting that these antibodies recognize a complex of PE and prothrombin.
Characterization of DNA Damage in Yeast Apoptosis Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide, Acetic Acid, and Hyperosmotic Shock (2006)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been reported to die, under certain conditions, from programmed cell death with apoptotic markers. One of the most important markers is chromosomal DNA fragmentation as indicated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. We found TUNEL staining in S. cerevisiae to be a consequence of both single- and double-strand DNA breaks, whereas in situ ligation specifically stained double-strand DNA breaks. Cells treated with hydrogen peroxide or acetic acid staining positively for TUNEL assay stained negatively for in situ ligation, indicating that DNA damage in both cases mainly consists of single-strand DNA breaks. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis of chromosomal DNA from cells dying from hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, or hyperosmotic shock revealed DNA breakdown into fragments of several hundred kilobases, consistent with the higher order chromatin degradation preceding DNA laddering in apoptotic mammalian cells. DNA fragmentation was associated with death by treatment with 10 mM hydrogen peroxide but not 150 mM and was absent if cells were fixed with formaldehyde to eliminate enzyme activity before hydrogen peroxide treatment. These observations are consistent with a process that, like mammalian apoptosis, is enzyme dependent, degrades chromosomal DNA, and is activated only at low intensity of death stimuli.
FDL: A Prototype Formal Digital Library (2004)

This manual describes the first prototype of a new kind of system which we call a Formal Digital Library (FDL). We designed the system and assembled the prototype as part of a research project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research entitled Building Interactive Digital Libraries of Formal Algorithmic Knowledge. A key purpose of the prototype library is to demonstrate that it is possible to build a system with many of the properties called for in the project proposal and to illustrate important scenarios for its use. Experience with the prototype library will influence the design and construction of an improved system. The current prototype includes some expediences that made it possible to create a working system in less than a year. The prototype FDL is one part of the overall project. There are other theoretical and experimental efforts that are described in other publications. The library described here contains definitions, theorems, theories, proof methods, and articles about topics in computational mathematics and books assembled from them. Currently it supports these objects created with the theorem proving systems MetaPRL, Nuprl and PVS. We intend to include material from other implemented logics such as Minlog, Coq, HOL, Isabelle, and Larch in due course. In addition to the purely formal material, the Library supports mathematically literate hypertext articles that cite and use the formal concepts. These include explanations of reference algorithms and explanations of formal mathematical models used in applications. Many operations on the Library are automated and extensible. The basic operations are to find and read material, organize it, and submit new material. New operations can be defined algorithmically. This manual is intended to help users understand the operation of the Library and to demonstrate to those interested in the project what else we intended to build and how it will be used.
A Quantitative Model of Tumor-induced Angiogenesis in the Nude Mouse (2005)

Because these highly infiltrative malignant brain tumors interdigitate with normal brain parenchyma through finger-like projections at the periphery of the solid tumor boundary, therapeutic options targeting tumor blood flow--combined with novel three-dimensional imaging to localize and track such interventions--may offer new hope for glioma management. To our knowledge, this system represents the first animal brain tumor model allowing for the precise colocalization and quantification of angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion, which may play an important role in the development of future therapy for brain tumors.
Future Prospects for FEC in Fiber-Optic Communications (2010)

This paper reviews the application of forward error correction (FEC) techniques to long-haul fiber-optic communication systems. A brief tutorial on error-correcting codes and a discussion of their fundamental limits (on the additive white Gaussian noise channel and on a nonlinear fiber-optic transmission channel) is provided. To illustrate the potential for applying advanced FEC techniques that take channel nonlinearities into account, a novel faster than Nyquist style binary signaling scheme, providing significant rate improvements over a reference benchmark system, is described. To achieve higher spectral efficiencies, the judicious combination of higher order modulation schemes with FEC is discussed. Finally, several potential directions for further research in the application of advanced FEC systems to nonlinear fiber-optic channels are given.