gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of DNA triple helices incorporating blocks of G·GC and T·AT triplets using short acridine-linked oligonucleotides (1994)

We have used DNase I footprinting to assess triple helix formation at target sites containing the sequences A6G6.C6T6 and G6A6.T6C6. These sequences can be recognized by the acridine-linked oligopyrimidines Acr-T5C5 and Acr-C5T5 respectively at low pH, using well-characterised T.AT and C+.GC triplets. At pH 7.5 A6G6.C6T6 is specifically bound by Acr-G5T5, utilising G.GC and T.AT triplets in which the third strand runs antiparallel to the purine strand of the duplex. This interaction requires the presence of magnesium ions. No interaction was detected with Acr-T5G5, an oligonucleotide designed to form parallel G.GC and T.AT triplets. In contrast neither Acr-T5G5 nor Acr-G5T5 produced DNase I footprints with the target sequence G6A6.T6C6. These results suggest that, in an antiparallel R.RY triple helix, the T.AT triplet is weaker than the G.GC triplet. We find no evidence for the formation of structures containing parallel G.GC triplets.
Swept Source Based Fourier Domain Functional Optical Coherence Tomography (2005)

Swept source based Fourier domain functional optical coherence tomography, which allows simultaneous imaging of tissue structure and physiology with high speed and high sensitivity, is described and demonstrated.
Annual incidence rates of herpes zoster among an immunocompetent population in the United States (2015)

Despite the availability of a vaccine, HZ remains common among immunocompetent adults in the US with incidence rates of HZ observed to increase with age and be higher in women than men.
Study of Physical and Biological Factors Involved in the Disruption of E. coli by Hydrodynamic Cavitation (2006)

Hydrodynamic cavitation results in flow restriction in a flow system causing rapid pressure fluctuations and significant fluid forces. These can be harnessed to mediate microbial cell damage. Hydrodynamic cavitation was studied for the partial disruption of E. coli and selective release of specific proteins relative to the total soluble protein. The effects of the cavitation number, the number of passes, and the specific growth rate of E. coli on the release of periplasmic and cytoplasmic proteins were studied. At the optimum cavitation number of 0.17 for this experimental configuration, 48% of the total soluble protein, 88% of acid phosphatase, and 67% of beta-galactosidase were released by hydrodynamic cavitation in comparison with the maximum release attained using multiple passes through the French Press. The higher release of the acid phosphatase over the total soluble protein suggested preferred release of periplasmic compounds. This was supported by SDS-PAGE analysis. The absence of micronization of cell material resulting in the potential for ease of solid-liquid separation downstream of the cell disruption operation was confirmed by TEM microscopy. E. coli cells cultivated at a higher specific growth rate (0.36 h(-1)) were more easily disrupted than slower grown cells (0.11 h(-1)). The specific activity of the enzyme of interest released by hydrodynamic cavitation, defined as the units of enzyme in solution per milligram of total soluble protein, was greater than that obtained on release by the French Press, high-pressure homogenization, osmotic shock, and EDTA treatment. The selectivity offered indicates the potential of enzyme release by hydrodynamic cavitation to ease the purification in the subsequent downstream processing.
SIW Slotted Waveguide Array With Pillbox Transition for Mechanical Beam Scanning (2012)

A dual-layer pillbox antenna is proposed for mechanical beam-scanning applications at millimeter-wave frequencies. It consists of three main subsystems (multislot quasi-optical transition, input part, and radiating part). The input and radiating parts are placed in two different layers, and the quasi-optical transition behaves as a 180 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ} ~E$</tex></formula> -plane coupler-type bent. The latter is made of an integrated parabolic reflector and several coupling slots etched in the metal layer located between the two substrates hosting the input and radiating parts. A physical optics analysis of the transition is proposed and compared to full-wave simulations. The radiating part is a planar slotted waveguide array. The input part is an <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$H$</tex></formula> -plane integrated sectoral horn placed in the focal plane of the parabola and moved along a straight line to obtain the beam scanning. For the horn aligned with the parabola axis, the radiation patterns present half-power beamwidth equal to 6 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ} $</tex></formula> and 15 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ} $</tex></formula> in <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$E$</tex></formula> - and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$H$</tex></formula> -plane, respectively. The scan range is <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\pm 35^{\circ} $</tex></formula> . This mechanical scanning approach represents an attractive solution for those applications where a continuous steering of the main beam is required.
Low power implementation of FFT/IFFT processor for IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN transceiver (2003)

In an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is one of the major processing blocks. The inverse FFT (IFFT) is used to modulate a serially transmitted signal into parallel orthogonal signals while demodulation is achieved by FFT at the receiver. With the limited battery life, energy efficiency is becoming crucial in the design of next generation wireless systems. Typically, power conservation is used in the hardware design of such systems. This paper presents an efficient scheme using reduced precision and wordlength optimization to reduce power and increase performance of FFT in the transmitter for IEEE 802.11a WLAN applications. With reduced input bits during transmission, simulation results show that the power consumption of the butterfly functional unit can be reduced considerably.
<title>Impact of panospheric imaging on cockpit displays</title> (1997)

It has often been assumed that the primary application of flat panel cockpit displays is in the presentation of computer generated data and 'virtual' environments. However, technology developments in the field of panoramic and panospheric imaging are dramatically influencing the anticipated development path of cockpit displays. Panospheric imaging (PI) is a technology which allows a substantially spherical field-of-view to be captured, digitally processed, and presented to an observer in the form of a fully immersive, stereoscopic, perspective corrected image or true panoramic strip image in still and full motion formats. The exploitation of PI is currently being limited by inadequate displays. To date, available displays are incapable of competently presenting the cylindrical or spherical visual fields to an operator. Ongoing research and development programs at Defence Research Establishment Suffield have demonstrated the ability to effectively capture and process substantially spherical fields of view. Current research programs are focused on advancing PI technologies toward application in Armored Fighting Vehicles, unmanned systems, and other commercial sectors.
13Carbon mixed triglyceride breath test and pancreatic enzyme supplementation in cystic fibrosis (1997)

Children with cystic fibrosis have variable degrees of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency which, if untreated, is the main cause of fat malabsorption. The impact of pancreatic enzyme supplementation on fat digestion was measured in 41 children with cystic fibrosis, 11 healthy controls, and five children with mucosal diseases by a non-invasive test of intraluminal lipolysis using 13carbon (13C) labelled mixed triglyceride (1,3-distearyl, 2[13C] octanoyl glycerol). The children with cystic fibrosis without pancreatic supplements had a median (range) 13C cumulative percentage dose recovered over six hours (cPDR) of 3.1% (0-31.7), the controls 31.0% (21.8-41.1), and the subjects with mucosal disease 27.8% (19.7-32.5). In 23 subjects with cystic fibrosis the usual dose of pancreatic enzyme supplements increased the cPDR to a median of 23.9% (0-45.6), and twice the usual dose of enteric coated microspheres increased the cPDR to 31.1% (11.1-47.8). There was no significant difference between the median cPDR of normal controls and children with mucosal disease, but there was a highly significant difference between these groups and children with untreated cystic fibrosis. Thirteen children with cystic fibrosis had no 13C recovery in their breath without enzymes and 10 showed marked increases with regular enzymes. In eight children doubling the dose of enzymes caused no or minimal improvement. The mixed triglyceride breath test offers a simple, non-invasive way of assessing the need for pancreatic enzyme supplementation in children with cystic fibrosis and could be used to optimise treatment.
프로이트 종교론의 현대적 재검토: 를 중심으로 (2016)

〈 강박 행위와 종교 의례 〉는 1907년에 쓰여진 논문으로, 프로이트의 종교에 대한 저작 중 첫 번째 글이다. 이 논문은 강박 신경증 환자의 행동과 종교적 의례 행위의 유사성을 밝힌 것으로, 프로이트의 종교론에서 가장 기초가 되는 생각이 제시된다. 프로이트는 이 글에서 종교 의례에 나타나는 강박증적인 행위 양상에 주목하면서 강박 신경증을 종교 행위의 병리학적 대응물로 보고 신경증을 개인의 종교성으로, 종교를 보편적인 강박 신경증으로 분석할 수 있다는 주장을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 프로이트의 종교론을 현대적 관점에서 다시 검토하고 평가해보려는 시도이다. 기존 종교학에서 프로이트가 흔히 이해되는 방식은 그의 이론의 과학적 성격을 잘 반영하지 않았던 것이었다. 프로이트가 자신의 이론을 검증 가능한 과학적 가설로서 제시하려고 했다는 점에 착안한다면, 우리는 그의 종교론 또한 검증될 수 있는 가설로서 재고할 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 기존 종교학에서 프로이트 종교론을 받아들이는 방식을 살피고, 그의 종교에 대한 최초의 가설이 종교 이론으로서 어떻게 발전되는지 살펴본 다음, 이것이 후대의 의례 이론과 심리학적 연구들에서 어떻게 언급되고 재고 되는지 살펴보았다. 프로이트가 제시한 최초의 가설은 《토템과 터부》, 《환상의 미래》, 《인간 모세와 유일신교》로 이어지는 그의 종교에 대한 저작 내에서 핵심적인 아이디어로서 발전하였다. 이 과정에서 프로이트는 강박 신경증적 행위를 종교의 중요한 특성으로 보고, 정신분석의 방법을 통해 종교의 기원을 설명한다. 그런데 이때 프로이트의 종교이론 전체는 과학적인 방법에 따라 가설을 발전시켜 나간 것이 아니므로 타당성을 검증하기 어렵다. 반면 최초 가설에 초점을 맞춘다면, 이 가설은 후대 이론에서 의례의 특성과 기능을 밝히는 데 기여하였음을 볼 수 있다. 특히 인지과학과 진화심리학에 영향을 받은 최근의 연구 성과들은 프로이트의 이 가설을 과학적으로 재검토할 가능성을 열어주는데, 이는 나아가 의례 행위 일반의 인지적 적합성 또한 검토할 수 있게 한다.
New passive balancing algorithm for high-density hard disk drives (2004)

One of the major sources of vibrations in hard disk drives (HDDs) is unbalance caused by an uneven distribution of the mass on the rotational part of the HDD. Vibrations are limiting the increase in the storage density of the HDDs; therefore it is of paramount importance to identify major sources of vibrations and to reduce them to the minimum level. This paper proposes a new passive balancing algorithm which can achieve significant reduction in the HDD unbalance at low cost and with a high yield rate. The unbalance reduction is achieved using a balancing ring with a large number of holes which are used for the placement of balancing masses of a given weight. The optimum number and position of the balancing masses is then found in order to reduce the residual unbalance to minimum level. Guidelines on optimum selection of the correction mass are also proposed.
<title>Detection and localization of absorbers in scattering media using frequency-domain principles</title> (1991)

We report on time-resolved reflectance imaging experiments on a scattering medium containing a spatially limited absorber. The medium is illuminated at two positions with pulses from a mode-locked and cavity dumped picosecond dye laser. Time-resolved imaging of the back-scattered light is realized by means of a RF-phase-sensitive camera, synchronized to the laser pulses. The camera consists of a sinusoidally modulated proximity-focused image intensifier, a thermo-electrically cooled CCD camera, and a digital image processor unit. In operation, at least two images are taken under different image intensifier modulation conditions, such as modulation phase or modulation degree. By processing the stored images, a final image can be created the contrast of which is based only on time differences of the back-scattered photons. We found that this image reveals the presence and, to a certain extent, the position of a spatially limited absorber within the scattering medium. These experiments have been performed to evaluate possible ways towards an eventual optical tomography in living tissue.
Manufacturing of Structural Automotive Components from Extruded Aluminum Profiles (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Dimensional instability inherent to the extrusion process and the tolerance stack up due to bending and reshaping processes induce a part-to-part variation, which exceeds what is typically acceptable for an automated assembly process. Therefore, advanced forming methods such as stretch bending, hydroforming/calibration, etc., are required to provide tight dimensional tolerances. However, some of these technologies are relatively new, therefore, there is not an extensive knowledge base to assist the product and process designers working with aluminum extrusions. Several issues related to the design of extruded profiles, bending, friction and formability have to be resolved to increase the number of applications in the automotive industry. This paper reviews the manufacturing system including hydroforming technology and its application to extruded aluminum profiles. Several issues related to alloy selection, design, bending, friction and formability will be highlighted.</div>
A smooth transition method between position sensorless control algorithms of PM machines (2011)

This paper presents a method of smoothly transitioning between low-speed and high-speed position sensorless control algorithms of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). The transition method estimates the load torque, synchronizes the estimated outputs of both algorithms, and then smoothly transitions from one algorithm to the other. This is achieved by commanding a calculated open-loop torque reference while the estimator that is taking over reaches steady-state. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been experimentally verified by transitioning between various low-speed and high-speed control algorithms using an 11-kW interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor.
Rule Extraction on Numeric Datasets Using Hyper-rectangles (2012)

When there is a need to understand the data stored in a database, one of the main requirements is being able to extract knowledge in the form of rules. Classification strategies allow extracting rules almost naturally. In this paper, a new classification strategy is presented that uses hyper-rectangles as data descriptors to achieve a model that allows extracting knowledge in the form of classification rules. The participation of an expert for training the model is discussed. Finally, the results obtained using the databases from the UCI repository are presented and compared with other existing classification models, showing that the algorithm presented requires less computational resources and achieves the same accuracy level and number of extracted rules.
Austin, dehydroaustin and other metabolites from Penicillium brasilianum (2010)

A culture of P. brasilianum, isolated from soil collected at the Serra do Cipó National Park, in Minas Gerais State (Brazil), was grown for 25 days on a dextrose-peptone-salts medium. The corresponding ethylacetate extract was column chromatographed and four compounds were isolated: austin, dehydroaustin, D-mannitol and penicillic acid. This is, in the best of our knowledge, the first time that the meroterpenes austin and dehydroaustin have been isolated from this species. Activity of the extract and isolated compounds was tested against six bacteria and for acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Penicillic acid showed high activity in both tests.
The Biology of IgE and the Basis of Allergic Disease (2003)

Allergic individuals exposed to minute quantities of allergen experience an immediate response. Immediate hypersensitivity reflects the permanent sensitization of mucosal mast cells by allergen-specific IgE antibodies bound to their high-affinity receptors (FcepsilonRI). A combination of factors contributes to such long-lasting sensitization of the mast cells. They include the homing of mast cells to mucosal tissues, the local synthesis of IgE, the induction of FcepsilonRI expression on mast cells by IgE, the consequent downregulation of FcgammaR (through an insufficiency of the common gamma-chains), and the exceptionally slow dissociation of IgE from FcepsilonRI. To understand the mechanism of the immediate hypersensitivity phenomenon, we need explanations of why IgE antibodies are synthesized in preference to IgG in mucosal tissues and why the IgE is so tenaciously retained on mast cell-surface receptors. There is now compelling evidence that the microenvironment of mucosal tissues of allergic disease favors class switching to IgE; and the exceptionally high affinity of IgE for FcepsilonRI can now be interpreted in terms of the recently determined crystal structures of IgE-FcepsilonRI and IgG-FcgammaR complexes. The rate of local IgE synthesis can easily compensate for the rate of the antibody dissociation from its receptors on mucosal mast cells. Effective mechanisms ensure that allergic reactions are confined to mucosal tissues, thereby minimizing the risk of systemic anaphylaxis.
Comparative pharmacodynamics of meropenem using an in-vitro model to simulate once, twice and three times daily dosing in humans (1998)

An in-vitro pharmacokinetic model was used to study the antibacterial activity of meropenem. Strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were exposed to meropenem concentrations likely to be produced in an adult by rapid iv infusion of 3 g once a day (q24h regimen), 1.5 g twice a day (ql2h regimen) or 1 g three times a day (q8h regimen). Each of these three dosing regimens produced a rapid reduction in viable bacterial count over the first 16 h after dosing. There were no differences in the pattern of reduction in viable count with the q24h, q12h or q8h regimens with any of the three bacterial strains tested over the first 16 h. However, reduction in viable counts was poorer at 24 h with the q24h than q12h or q8h regimens. A simulation lasting 48 h of the q24h dosing regimen indicated a reduction in bacterial count below the limit of detection from the model with E. coli but not with P. aeruginosa or S. aureus. The time for which the meropenem concentration was higher than the MIC for the bacteria correlated best with the reduction in viable bacterial count at 24 h. The AUC for the bacterial time-kill curve, which may be a better measure of antibacterial efficacy, was not related to the length of time for which the concentration was above the MIC or the peak concentration/MIC ratio. The antibacterial effect of the conventional q8h dosing simulation was indistinguishable from that given by the q12h simulation, and both the q8h and q12h regimens offered minor advantages over a q24h regimen. Dosing of meropenem 12 hourly or 24 hourly in humans should be investigated.
Sanfilippo syndrome type C: mutation spectrum in the heparan sulfate acetyl-CoA: α-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (<i>HGSNAT</i>) gene (2009)

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IIIC or Sanfilippo syndrome type C is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal membrane enzyme, heparan sulfate acetyl-CoA (AcCoA): alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT; EC 2.3.1.78), which catalyzes transmembrane acetylation of the terminal glucosamine residues of heparan sulfate prior to their hydrolysis by alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Lysosomal storage of undegraded heparan sulfate in the cells of affected patients leads to neuronal death, causing neurodegeneration and severely impaired development accompanied by mild visceral and skeletal abnormalities, including mild dwarfism, coarse facies, and joint stiffness. To date, 50 HGSNAT mutations have been identified in MPS IIIC patients: 40 were previously published and 10 novel mutations are reported here. The mutations span the entire structure of the gene and include 13 splice-site mutations, 11 insertions and deletions, 8 nonsense mutations, and 18 missense mutations (http://chromium.liacs.nl/LOVD2/home.php?select_db=HGSNAT). In addition, four polymorphisms result in amino acid changes that do not affect activity of the enzyme. In this work we discuss the spectrum of MPS IIIC mutations, their clinical presentation and distribution within the patient population, and speculate how the mutations may affect the structure and function of HGSNAT.
Differences in pronucleus formation and first cleavage following <i>in vitro</i> fertilization between pig oocytes matured <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (1994)

To elucidate the developmental differences occurring after in vitro fertilization (IVF) of pig oocytes matured either in vitro (n = 1934) or in vivo (n = 1128), the present experiment investigated the morphological changes from penetration to the two-cell stage. Oocytes were examined every 2-4 h from 2 to 32 h after in vitro insemination to study sperm penetration, male and female pronucleus formation, synkaryosis and first cleavage. The penetration rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for in vivo matured oocytes (69.8%) than for in vitro matured oocytes (35.0%). Penetration of spermatozoa into the ooplasm was first recorded 6 h (in vitro matured oocytes) and 4 h (in vivo matured oocytes) after addition of the spermatozoa to the oocytes. For both in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes, 2 h were required for sperm head decondensation. However, maximum sperm head decondensation occurred 2 h later in in vitro matured oocytes. Within 6 h, 41.7 +/- 5.6% of the in vivo matured oocytes had completed second meiotic division, whereas only 20.8 +/- 6.5% of the in vitro matured oocytes reached this developmental stage (P < 0.01). For in vitro matured oocytes, male pronucleus formation was retarded 2-4 h after onset of insemination and development of the female pronucleus was enhanced compared with in vivo matured oocytes. Synchronized opposing pronuclei were observed 14 h after insemination in in vitro matured oocytes and after 8 h in in vivo matured oocytes. Synkaryosis was first observed at 16 and 18 h in in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Novel Catalysis in the Internal Nanocavity of Polyamine Dendrimer for Intramolecular Michael Reaction (2012)

Abstract Poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers functionalized with C16 alkyl chains acted as efficient tertiary amine catalysts for an intramolecular Michael reaction. The substrate was accommodated in a reactive conformation within a sterically confined nanocavity consisting of regularly arranged tertiary amino groups of the PPI dendrimers.
Auxetic Materials for Sports Applications (2014)

In this paper, the auxetic effect is introduced, the range of auxetic materials is briefly reviewed, and research demonstrating benefits having potential in sports applications is highlighted. These include the use of auxetic materials in impact protector devices (pads, gloves, helmets and mats) exploiting better conformability for comfort and support, and enhanced energy absorption for lighter and/or thinner components. FE simulations are reported for a new type of auxetic honeycomb having potential in helmet applications, along with indentation testing of auxetic and non-auxetic foams for assessment in protective pads and running shoes applications, for example.