gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of Ribonuclease T1 by Affinity Chromatography (1981)

The purification procedure of ribonuclease T1 was greatly improved by introducing affinity chromatography with a new adsorbent, guanosine 5'-phosphate-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B. The enzyme was purified by only four steps with a high yield (68%) from Taka-Diastase powder. The purified enzyme preparation gave a single peak of protein with a small shoulder on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The peak fraction, amounting to approximately 90% of total proteins, was homogeneous ribonuclease T1. Moreover the shoulder fraction was shown to contain another form of ribonuclease T1 electrophoretically distinguishable from the original one. Comparison of the properties of the fraction containing almost equal amounts of both components with those of original ribonuclease T1 shows that the other form of T1 is identical with the original one in respect to amino acid composition and base specificity. We propose to designate this new form and original one as ribonuclease T1-B and T1-A, respectively.
Phosphoryl Fluorosulfate (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphoryl FluorosulfateDarryl D. Des Marteau and George H. CadyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 10, 1829–1831Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50044a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50044a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Properties of Ta-N thin-films fabricated with different N_2 flow ratio (2008)

One of the urgent research topics in Cu interconnection for ULSI is to fabricate suitable barrier to prevent Cu diffusion.In this paper,Ta-N thin-films were fabricated by DC magnetron reactive sputtering in N2/Ar ambient with different N2 flow ratio,then Cu/Ta-N/substrate multi-structures were prepared without broken the vacuum,some specimens were rapid thermally treated(RTA) in N2 ambient.Alpha-Step IQ Profiler,four-point probe sheet resistance measurer,atomic force microscope(AFM),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used to characterize the surface morphology and structure of the specimens.The research indicates that with the N2 flow ratio increasing,the deposition rate decreases,the surface tends to become smooth and the thermal stability and diffusion barrier property are improved,while the sheet resistance increases.Ta-N barrier(100nm thickness)can effectively against Cu diffusion after 600℃ annealing for 5 minutes with the N2 flow ratio of 0.3,Cu can diffuse through the barrier and react with Si after annealing at higher temperature.
The effect of stress on cubic-to-tetragonal phase transitions in Mg<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>4</sub>and Mg<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>4</sub>spinel films (2001)

Abstract Epitaxial thin films of the spinels Mg2TiO4 and Mg2GeO4 are grown by a solid-state reaction between MgO(001) single-crystal substrates and vapours or thin films of the oxides TiO2 and GeO2 respectively. Cubic-to-tetragonal phase transitions in the Mg2TiO4 films are studied by transmission electron microscopy including in-situ observations at high temperatures. The transition kinetics are shown to be influenced by the presence of stress. Compared with bulk transitions, in thin films the kinetics are slowed. Moreover, the kinetics become sensitive to the crystallographic orientation of the tetragonal Mg2TiO4 grains with respect to the film plane. Stress develops owing to the mismatch of the thermal expansion between film and substrate during the cooling of the films from the growth temperature of about 1270 K as well as during the phase transition owing to lattice parameter mismatches. The latter depend on the crystallographic orientation of the tetragonal grains, which results in certain orientations that are more stable than others, and also in a characteristic superstructure occurring in the electron diffraction patterns of Mg2TiO4 films. Surprisingly, very similar superstructures occur in the electron diffraction patterns of Mg2GeO4 films although no tetragonal phase is known of this normal spinel. This unexpected phenomenon is discussed in terms of a cation site ordering in the Mg2GeO4 films enabled by a non-zero inversion degree.
Analysis and design of magnetic torque couplers and magnetic gears (2004)

Permanent magnets have been employed in the design of different kind of electromechanical devices. This paper deals with the use of rare-earth magnets in the design of synchronous magnetic couplers and magnet gears.
QSAR and Docking Studies on Capsazepine Derivatives for Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Activity (2014)

Capsazepine, an antagonist of capsaicin, is discovered by the structure and activity relationship. In previous studies it has been found that capsazepine has potency for immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activity and emerging as a favourable target in quest for efficacious and safe anti-inflammatory drug. Thus, a 2D quantitative structural activity relationship (QSAR) model against target tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was developed using multiple linear regression method (MLR) with good internal prediction (r2 = 0.8779) and external prediction (r2pred = 0.5865) using Discovery Studio v3.5 (Accelrys, USA). The predicted activity was further validated by in vitro experiment. Capsazepine was tested in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in peritoneal mouse macrophages. Anti-inflammatory profile of capsazepine was assessed by its potency to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediator TNF-α. The in vitro experiment indicated that capsazepine is an efficient anti-inflammatory agent. Since, the developed QSAR model showed significant correlations between chemical structure and anti-inflammatory activity, it was successfully applied in the screening of forty-four virtual derivatives of capsazepine, which finally afforded six potent derivatives, CPZ-29, CPZ-30, CPZ-33, CPZ-34, CPZ-35 and CPZ-36. To gain more insights into the molecular mechanism of action of capsazepine and its derivatives, molecular docking and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) studies were performed. The results of QSAR, molecular docking, in silico ADMET screening and in vitro experimental studies provide guideline and mechanistic scope for the identification of more potent anti-inflammatory & immunomodulatory drug.
Chitosan Treatment of Wheat Seeds Induces Resistance to<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>and Improves Seed Quality (1999)

Chitosan treatment (2-8 mg/mL) of wheat seeds significantly improved seed germination to recommended seed certification standards (>85%) and vigor at concentrations >4 mg/mL, in two cultivars of spring wheat (Norseman and Max), by controlling seed-borne Fusarium graminearum infection. The germination was <80% in the control and >85% in benomyl- and chitosan-treated seeds. Seed-borne F. graminearum was reduced to >50% at higher chitosan treatments compared to the control. Synthesis of phenolic acids was stimulated in primary leaves following chitosan treatment, and levels of these phenolic acids, especially ferulic acid, increased significantly with increasing chitosan concentration. Lignin content of primary leaves also showed a similar pattern. The synthesis of precursors of lignin such as p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids and phenolic acids having antimicrobial activity such as benzoic, p-coumaric, caffeic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, ferulic, and gallic acids was also stimulated by chitosan treatment. The induction of phenolic acids and lignin was significantly lower in cv. Max compared to Norseman. Chitosan also inhibited fungal transmission to the primary roots of germinating seedlings. Results suggest that chitosan controlled seed-borne F. graminearum infection and increased the resistance in seedlings by stimulating the accumulation of phenolics and lignin. Thus, chitosan has a potential for improvement of seed quality and enhancement of crop yields as well as increased value of stored grains for food and feed.
Singing voice separation for mono-channel music using Non-negative Matrix Factorization (2008)

As music has turned digital, much research has been shifted toward digital music processing. Singing voice separation is one of the active research areas since the singing voice itself contains abundant information within, including melody, singerpsilas characteristic, lyrics, language, emotion, etc. These wide variety of resources are quite useful for music information retrieval (MIR), singer identification, or even karaoke systems. However, this singing voice separation, especially in mono-channel environment, is a very challenging problem, whose existing methods are still impractical for real-world music. In this work, we propose an algorithm based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) approach to decompose spectra of music, then provide criteria for automatic component selection. Our preliminary results have demonstrated its effectiveness in pitch extraction resulting from the separated singing voice.
Patient-specific modeling of cardiac geometry in dyssynchronous heart failure (2010)

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is the currently used non-pharmacologic therapy for heart failure (HF) patients with a conduction disturbance. The purpose of CRT is to resynchronize contraction between and within ventricles. This dyssynchrony arises from an abnormality in the heart's electrical conducting system that causes the two ventricles to beat asynchronously. Studies from clinical trials have shown that about 30% of the patients do not gain any benefits from CRT. Computational models may have the potential to predict the response of patients to CRT and could be used to optimize the effects of this therapy. Hence, we have developed methods for generating anatomically detailed patient-specific three-dimensional finite element models of the failing human heart from clinical measurements. Two three-dimensional finite element models were generated from cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance images obtained at end- diastole using a newly developed semi-automatic technique of landmark points. Landmark points are anatomical locations identified on the cardiac images that allow us to estimate the extent of the heart in order to build a 3D model of the failing heart. Seventeen landmark points were used to precisely determine the circumferential and longitudinal extent of the failing human heart. A 3D finite element model with 50 nodes and 24 elements was generated for two patients with dyssynchronous heart failure. These 3D models were then used to estimate myocardial wall thickness and ventricular cavity volume. The method of landmark points provides an efficient way to generate finite-element meshes
Exquisite Regioselectivity and Increased Transesterification Activity of an Immobilized <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Protease (2002)

Abstract Commercially available proteases and lipases were screened for their ability to acylate regioselectively sucrose with divinyladipate either in pyridine or dimethylformamide (DMF). The protease (EC 3.4.21.62) from Bacillus subtilis (Proleather FG‐F) exhibited the highest conversion (100% in 24 h of reaction in DMF) yielding sucrose 2‐ O ‐vinyladipate as main product. The enzyme preference for a secondary hydroxyl group is a distinct feature of this biocatalyst compared to others described in the literature. Two sets of chemically distinct silica supports were used for Proleather immobilization presenting terminal amino (S APTES ) or hydroxyl groups (S TESPM ‐ pHEMA ). The percentage of immobilized enzyme was smaller in S APTES (7–17%) than in S TESPM ‐ pHEMA (52–56%), yet Proleather immobilized into S APTES supports presented higher total and specific hydrolytic activity. The highest total and specific activities were obtained with S TESPM ‐ pHEMA and S APTES , respectively. Silicas with large pore (bimodal distribution of pores, 130/1200 Å, denoted as S 1000 ) presented higher specific activities relative to those with smaller pore sizes. Furthermore, the synthetic specific activity of S 1000 S APTES immobilized protease was ca. 10‐fold higher than that of the free enzyme. In addition to sucrose, the immobilized protease was used to acylate methyl α‐ d ‐glucopyranoside, trehalose, and maltose in nearly anhydrous DMF. Finally, immobilized Proleather was reasonably stable, retaining ca. 55% activity after six reaction cycles.
Color and depth based image segmentation using a game-theoretic approach (2012)

People living with HIV are living longer, high-quality lives; however, as they age, this population is at increased risk for developing chronic comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer (e.g., lung, anal, and liver), and diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this state-of-the-science review is to provide an evidence-based summary on common physical comorbidities experienced by people living and aging with HIV. We focus on those chronic conditions that are prevalent and growing and share behavioral risk factors that are common in people living with HIV. We will discuss the current evidence on the epidemiology, physiology, prevention strategies, screening, and treatment options for people living with HIV across resource settings.
The Truman Report (1949)

A RTISTS in these days do not like to be compared with Raphael or Beethoven. They regard criticism based on classic art as unreasonable and unjust, since their methods and aims are supposed to have nothing in common with acknowledged masters of the past. But they are willing to be compared with primitives, who may have had an inspired, though naive, view of the world, unconfounded by prejudices of the Age of Reason. The authors of the of the President's Commission on Higher Education are also artists. Though I might be unfair to compare the Report with classics of education written by Melanchthon, Agricola, Guizot, or Newman, I do not think the President's Commission would object to my comparing this best work of the best minds that our national government could assemble with some primitive report that could not possibly be misconceived as its equal. To make clear some fundamentals of this report, I choose for comparison Roger Bacon, who wrote when universities were less than a century old, but quite as crowded as they are now. Seven hundred years ago, when the universities were inundated with G.I.'s returned from the Crusades across the seas, and as many as three thousand students may have swarmed into a single class in science, as they are doing now, the leader of the secular power of the West (the Roman Church, which instituted the Crusades against oriental totalitarianism) appointed Bacon to report on higher education. Bacon wrote three volumes, rather unimaginatively called the Great Work, the Lesser Work, and the Third Work, instead of the colorful set of six volumes with their pleasantly ponderous titles that the Commission has issued; but the books were much larger and more specific. Bacon thought it necessary to detail the knowledge worth teaching. The Commission's Report is
Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation for Chromatic Dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensation in 3-Chip DPSK Modulation Format (2007)

We show that maximum-likelihood-sequence estimation (MLSE) of 10-Gbit/s 3-chip DPSK exhibits 1.6 dB penalty bound for 100-ps DGD and the CD tolerance 1.5 times of that of MLSE-equalized 10-Gbit/s 2-chip DPSK.
Topical Hemostatic Agents: A Review (2008)

Topical hemostatic agents play an important role in both common and specialized dermatologic procedures. These agents can be classified based on their mechanism of action and include physical or mechanical agents, caustic agents, biologic physical agents, and physiologic agents. Some agents induce protein coagulation and precipitation resulting in occlusion of small cutaneous vessels, while others take advantage of latter stages in the coagulation cascade, activating biologic responses to bleeding. Traditional and newer topical hemostatic agents are discussed in this review, and the benefits and costs of each agent will be provided.
High-frequency near-field microscopy (2002)

Conventional optics in the radio frequency (rf) through far-infrared (FIR) regime cannot resolve microscopic features since resolution in the far field is limited by wavelength. With the advent of near-field microscopy, rf and FIR microscopy have gained more attention because of their many applications including material characterization and integrated circuit testing. We provide a brief historical review of how near-field microscopy has developed, including a review of visible and infrared near-field microscopy in the context of our main theme, the principles and applications of near-field microscopy using millimeter to micrometer electromagnetic waves. We discuss and compare aspects of the remarkably wide range of different near-field techniques, which range from scattering type to aperture to waveguide structures.
Design and statistical issues in the homocysteinemia in kidney and end stage renal disease (HOST) study (2004)

The Homocysteine Study (HOST) Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program No. 453, is a prospective, randomized, two arm, double blind study of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) or advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD, defined as an estimated creatinine clearance of 30 ml/min or less). Its primary objective is to determine whether administration of high doses of three vitamins, folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, to lower the high plasma homocysteine levels, will reduce all cause mortality. The secondary objectives are to examine whether the treatment lowers the incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, amputation of a lower extremity, a composite of death and the foregoing three events, the plasma homocysteine level, and, in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis, thrombosis of the vascular access. A unique feature of this trial is that after initial evaluation at enrollment and one return visit the follow up is exclusively by phone (or, if necessary, by mail). The subject is contacted every three months throughout the duration of the study from a central location. The study drug is shipped to the patient from a central location rather supplied locally. In a two year enrollment period, 2006 patients are to be enrolled. The duration of the observation period is four to six years. Data will be stored and analyzed at a coordinating center. The study design has the power to detect a reduction in all cause mortality rate of 17%. Issues related to the unique features of the design of this study are discussed.
An Academic Response to Basel 3.5 (2014)

Recent crises in the financial industry have shown weaknesses in the modeling of Risk-Weighted Assets (RWAs). Relatively minor model changes may lead to substantial changes in the RWA numbers. Similar problems are encountered in the Value-at-Risk (VaR)-aggregation of risks. In this article, we highlight some of the underlying issues, both methodologically, as well as through examples. In particular, we frame this discussion in the context of two recent regulatory documents we refer to as Basel 3.5.
Optical computing: A field in flux (1986)

The growth and development of the optical computing field is reviewed. The range of aspects explored includes the best materials for electrooptic devices, the circuits that can be built from those devices, the computer architectures that can incorporate those components, and the algorithms that can be run on machines configured for light beams instead of electronic signals. The author considers hybrid computing systems which are close to achieving electronic logic and optical interconnections including reconfigurable optical interconnects. Military applications of analog optical computing are discussed. Research on the optical equivalent of the transistor is described and novel optical computing elements and architectures are considered. Work on neural physiology and psychology is noted which reveals aspects of learning and memory that may be applicable to optical computers. Current worldwide research in materials, devices, algorithms and architectures for optical computing systems is summarized. Differing approaches to research and development are reviewed and contrasted for experts, skeptics, and observers in the field.
Use of the Same Archival Papanicolaou Smears for Detection of Human Papillomavirus by Cytology and Polymerase Chain Reaction (1999)

An optimal method for the processing of archival cervical Papanicolaou (pap)-stained smears for the amplification of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. This methodology was then applied to a series of 44 pap smears designated as HPV positive or negative (on the basis of both major and minor cytological criteria) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-cancer. For the detection of HPV DNA, each sample was tested with the consensus GP5/6 primers, and when negative, with CPI-IIG primers. The HPV DNA was detected in 100% (8 of 8) of CIN-cancer smears using the GP5/6 primers. In smears with cytological evidence of HPV without CIN. the use of both sets of primers yielded positive results in 100% (19 of 19) of the samples. Direct sequence analysis of PCR products showed that 16 of the 27 HPV-positive samples contained more recently described HPV types. When tested with both primer combinations, all 17 cytologically negative smears were positive for beta-globin but negative for HPV DNA. The findings show the value of using archival pap smears for further investigations to address issues such as latency, but they indicate that cytological criteria and DNA technology will be critical factors in the reliability of the results.