gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Redox Active Components H202 and N-AcetyI-L-Cysteine Regulate Expression of c-jun and c-fos in Lens Systems (1994)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is implicated in human cataract development. At the molecular level H2O2 has been observed to cause damage to DNA, protein and lipid. It is now demonstrated, for the first time in a lens system, that H2O2 at concentrations found in cataract patients induces expression of both c-jun and c-fos. At optimal concentrations of H2O2, mRNA accumulation of c-jun and c-fos in the rat lenses is induced 20- and 18-fold above normal levels respectively, but with distinct kinetics. This induction occurs at the transcriptional level. H2O2 also induces transactivation by activating protein-1 (AP-1) in rabbit lens epithelial cells. The antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has a dual effect on the induction of c-jun and c-fos. Preincubation of rat lenses with 5 mM NAC inhibits the induction by H2O2, while 30 mM and 50 mM NAC induce expression of these genes and mask the H2O2 effect. H7 (50 microM), genistein (2 microM) and okadaic acid (20 nM), all block the induction of c-jun and c-fos mRNA accumulation in the H2O2-treated rat lenses. These results suggest that H2O2 activates protein kinase and phosphatase dependent signal transduction pathways to induce c-jun and c-fos expression which may regulate lens crystallin genes and other genes containing AP-1 binding sites.
Secreted proteins of human monocytes. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and effect of lipopolysaccharide (1988)

A monocyte-rich preparation from the adherent cell fraction of human peripheral blood leukocytes was incubated for 1-8 h with [35S]methionine or [3H]leucine in the presence and absence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The macromolecules released into the supernatant were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and radioautography. A complex labelling pattern involving at least 20 easily demonstrable and apparently distinct products with a broad range of molecular masses and isoelectric points was observed. LPS or LPS plus actinomycin in combination markedly stimulated the labelling and release of at least twelve different macromolecules ranging in apparent Mr from 12,000 to 46,000. Studies with monocytes that had been additionally purified by centrifugal elutriation and with the monocyte-like human cell line U-937 indicated that monocytes rather than contaminating cells were the source of these products. The majority of the secreted products were unique and did not cross-react with antibodies to interleukin 1 or tumour necrosis factor. The high resolving capacity of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis may be useful to define further the diverse biological activities and potential monokines released from monocytes at various stages of their differentiation and activation.
Demulsification of water-in-crude oil emulsions by a continuous electrostatic dehydrator (2002)

Abstract The demulsification rates of water-in-crude oil emulsion in high AC fields were investigated under various conditions by using a model dehydrator. A continuous electrostatic dehydrator was constructed using a glass vessel of 6.5 cm diameter and 10 cm height equipped with a copper electrode and a perforated plate. The separation rate of water from the simulated crude oil increased along with the applied field, frequency, demulsifier concentration, temperature, and contact time. As the applied field increased up to 2.5 kV/cm, the separation percentage increased up to 90%, and as the concentration of the demulsifier reached 100 ppm, 80% of the water were separated at 2.5 kV/cm. Also it was observed that the separation percentage increased as the temperature, frequency of field, and contact time. It is proposed that the breakup of droplets depends on the interfacial polarization and the proper deformation of water droplets in the field induced by the electrostatic charge. Keywords: DemulsificationWater-in-oil emulsionContinuous electrostatic dehydratorSeparation rate Acknowledgments This work was supported by Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. (Korea) and was also supported partially by the Brain Korea 21 Project.
Dried Hermetia Illucens Larvae Meal as a Supplement for Swine (1977)

A digestion trial and a palatability trial were conducted to evaluate dried, ground soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as a dietary supplement for swine. After processing, the larvae, which were collected from cattle feces and urine slurry, contained 42% crude protein, 3 5% ether extract and 5% calcium. Two diets were formulated to contain 20% crude protein and 13% ether extract using either the larvae meal or soybean meal plus stabilized brown grease. These diets were fed to six barrow pigs in a triplicated 2 × 2 latin square design digestion trial. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen, ether extract, crude fiber, ash, NFE, calcium and phosphorus for the larvae meal diet were 77.5, 76.0, 83.5, 53.8, 45.2, 84.7, 38.9 and 23.0, respectively. Corresponding values for the soybean meal diet were 85.3, 77.2, 73.0, 49.2, 61.6, 91.3, 39.3 and 51.3, with values for dry matter, nitrogen, ash and NFE being greater (P<.05) than for the larvae meal diet. Nitrogen balance averaged 8.13 g per day for the larvae meal diet and 9.33 g per day for the soybean meal diet. When given a choice of three diets, pigs did not, as indicated by intake, discriminate against a diet containing larvae meal. Consumption of the larvae meal diet was greater (P<.05) than that of a soybean meal diet containing no added fat.
Antigenic variation in the phase I lipopolysaccharide of Coxiella burnetii isolates (1986)

Coxiella burnetii isolates from a variety of clinical and geographical sources were screened for antigenic variation of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with silver staining or immunoblotting. All isolates from chronic Q fever or other sources possessed a phase I-type LPS. These LPSs appeared to fall into three groups based on the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile or on reactivity with rabbit anti-C. burnetti antisera. The LPS of one group was identified on isolates from milk, ticks, or primary Q fever. The two remaining groups were found almost exclusively on isolates from human cases of chronic Q fever.
Hotel performance and competitive advantage: a contingency approach (1999)

Performance measurement is an important managerial activity that is of key concern to the hotel general manager. Unfortunately, there has been a paucity of hospitality related research to assess the appropriateness of existing hotel performance measurement systems in use. This conceptual paper shows how a performance measurement system has the potential to deliver competitive advantage. This paper speculates that competitive advantage can be achieved if inputs, processes, outputs, markets, environmental characteristics are congruent with business objectives.
Die elektrischen und thermoelektrischen Eigenschaften einiger polykristalliner Komplexe des Phthalocyanins mit drei‐ und vierwertigen Metallen (1967)

Abstract Es werden der Dunkelstrom und die differentielle Thermospannung von Aluminium‐phthalocyanin‐Derivaten, Vanadyl‐ und Dichlorzinn‐Phthalocyanin untersucht. Die Substanzen werden durch UV‐, IR‐, Elektronenanlagerungs‐Massenspektren und Zählrohrgoniometeraufnahmen charakterisiert.
La responsabilitat social de la Universitat en la transmissió de valors (2012)

Les comunitats universitaries han d’afavorir l’aprenentatge etic, han de compartir uns objectius comuns i responsabilitzar-se de facilitar un aprenentatge que permeti accedir a competencies relacionades amb la professio que els/les estudiants han escollit, pero tambe competencies lligades a convertir els/les alumnes en essers socials, capacos de conviure en una societat amb la practica d’una ciutadania activa.
Collagenolytic Enzyme Systems in Human Intervertebral Disc (1982)

Changes in the macromolecular matrix of the intervertebral disc may predispose to biomechanical failure of the disc. Such changes would involve extracellular enzymes capable of altering the collagen and proteoglycan of the disc matrix. In this study, extracts from homogenates of both annuli fibrosi and nuclei pulposi of human lumbar discs were found to contain neutral collagenolytic, gelatinolytic, and elastinolytic enzymes in all samples assayed. The specific activity of the collagenase was higher in extracts from nuclear than from annular tissue, a difference not seen with gelatinase or elastase. The collagenase was present as both a latent and active enzyme, the other enzymes being fully active. Human intervertebral discs therefore contain enzymes capable of degrading their extracellular macromolecular matrix.
Experimental Investigation of the Development of Interfacial Instabilities in Two Layer Coextrusion Dies (2004)

Abstract The stability of two-layer flow of polyethylene and polystyrene is experimentally studied in different flow geometries and for various flow rate ratios. A first coextrusion device allows to stop the coextrusion flow in a very long slit channel, to cool down the polymer sample and to dismantle the die in order to extract extrudate which is then carefully analyzed. A second device allows to observe the whole slit flow through transparent lateral walls and to record the interfacial waves in both spontaneous and controlled unstable conditions. Both devices point clearly out that the interfacial defect begins to grow after a specific flow distance and is then quickly amplified. This demonstrates the convective character of interfacial wave. Controlled unstable processing conditions in transparent die allow to measure accurately growth rate of defect in the linear regime and show quick occurrence of non linear regime.
Need for a Soil‐Based Approach in Managing Nitrogen Fertilizers for Profitable Corn Production (2005)

Nitrogen fertilization for corn ( Zea mays L.) production has relied extensively on yield‐based recommendations that were developed to represent regional averages, yet are routinely applied to individual fields, on the assumption that fertilizer N serves as the major supply for crop N uptake. Using data from 102 on‐farm N‐response studies, an evaluation was conducted of the Illinois proven‐yield (PY) method for accuracy and economic profitability on a site‐by‐site basis. As additional objectives, the Illinois soil N test (ISNT) was evaluated for detecting whether N fertilization was economical, and for quantifying crop response to N fertilization relative to soil and management factors. For 18% of the site‐years studied, N recommendations by the PY method were accurate to within 20 kg ha −1 , whereas 13% were underfertilized by 25 to 129 kg ha −1 (60 kg ha −1 on average) at a current cost of $5 to $170 ha −1 ($75 ha −1 on average), and 69% were overfertilized by 21 to 235 kg ha −1 (103 kg ha −1 on average) at a cost of $12 to $130 ha −1 ($57 ha −1 on average). The latter group included 30 site‐years that were completely nonresponsive to N fertilization, all but two of which were predicted by site‐average ISNT values assuming a critical test level of 230 mg kg −1 This level was exceeded for 19 of 69 responsive site‐years, mostly during 2001–2003 when corn followed soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) with high plant populations. A higher critical test level would have been required under such conditions, owing to more extensive residue inputs that would promote microbial N immobilization, and increased crop uptake of mineralized soil N. The ISNT was significantly related to crop N requirement, and was the most powerful predictor of error in PY recommendations ( P < 0.001).
Fracturing osteoporosis after kidney transplantation--what are the options? (1996)

The patient who receives a renal graft does not have virgin bones. Renal transplantation must be performed in a patient with pre-existing bone disease, i.e. renal osteodystrophy, characterized by secondary hyperparathyroidism, calcitriol deficiency, phosphate retention, metabolic acidosis and possibly aluminium accumulation. These pathomechanisms are further modulated by factors such as duration of dialysis, type of dialysis, diet, control of serum phosphate, use phosphate-binding agents etc.
Net inflammatory capacity of human septic shock plasma evaluated by a monocyte-based target cell assay: identification of interleukin-10 as a major functional deactivator of human monocytes. (1996)

We have developed a functional assay to study the inflammatory capacity of plasma collected from patients with severe gram-negative septic shock. In this assay, elutriation-purified, cryo-preserved human monocytes from one healthy donor are combined with plasma from patients with severe persistent septic shock for 5 h. Subsequently, the plasma is removed, medium added, and procoagulant activity (PCA) and secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) measured after 18-h incubation. Plasma from 10 patients (6 died) infected with Neisseria meningitidis previously shown to contain high levels of native lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (median 2,700 pg/ml), TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and complement activation products, had a low net spontaneous inflammatory capacity on the monocytes. The median levels of PCA, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were 5, 0, and 4%, respectively, of the monocyte activities induced by normal plasma boosted with purified N. meningitidis (Nm)-LPS (2,500 pg/ml; net LPS-boosted capacity, 100%). The levels of PCA, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 obtained with plasma from shock patients were not different from those induced by plasma from 10 meningococcal patients without shock or with plasma from healthy persons. Boosting shock plasma with 2,500 pg/ml Nm-LPS had little effect on the monocyte activities since the median values of PCA, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 revealed a minimal increase from 5, 0, and 4% to 9, 2, and 6%, respectively. The shock plasmas revealed a strong LPS-inhibitory capacity that was largely absent in plasmas from 10 meningococcal patients without shock since the median levels of PCA, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 increased from 5, 0, and 0% to 135, 51, and 73%, respectively, after boosting with 2,500 pg/ml Nm-LPS. The LPS-inhibitory capacity was closely associated with the levels of IL-10. The median levels of IL-10 were 19,000 pg/ml in nine shock patients vs. 22 pg/ml in nine nonshock patients with systemic meningococcal disease. Removal of native IL-10 by immunoprecipitation restored the capacity of plasmas to induce monocyte activation either by native LPS or by boosting with Nm-LPS. IL-4 and TGF-beta were not detected in shock plasmas. In 24 patients with detectable meningococcal LPS ( > 10 pg/ml, 0.1 endotoxin units/ml), the levels of IL-10 were correlated to the levels of LPS (r = 0.79, P < 0.001). IL-10 declined from initiation of antibiotic therapy and paralleled the levels of native LPS. Decreasing levels of IL-10 in serially collected shock plasmas were directly related to increasing monocyte responsiveness after Nm-LPS boosting. These results suggest that IL-10 plays a major role in containing activation of monocytes and possibly other LPS-responsive cells during overwhelming meningococcemia.
Cell interactions and gap junctions (1989)

Volume II focuses on cell interactions in cardiac and smooth muscle tisues. This comprehensive work brings together the writings of outstanding investigators from laboratories throughout the world. Presented are new techniques for the study of gap-junctional communication.
Physical State of Poorly Water Soluble Therapeutic Molecules Loaded into SBA-15 Ordered Mesoporous Silica Carriers: A Case Study with Itraconazole and Ibuprofen (2008)

The ordered mesoporous silica material SBA-15 was loaded with the model drugs itraconazole and ibuprofen using three different procedures: (i) adsorption from solution, (ii) incipient wetness impregnation, and (iii) heating of a mixture of drug and SBA-15 powder. The location of the drug molecules in the SBA-15 particles and molecular interactions were investigated using nitrogen adsorption, TGA, DSC, DRS UV-vis, and XPS. The in vitro release of hydrophobic model drugs was evaluated in an aqueous environment simulating gastric fluid. The effectiveness of the loading method was found to be strongly compound dependent. Incipient wetness impregnation using a concentrated itraconazole solution in dichloromethane followed by solvent evaporation was most efficient for dispersing itraconazole in SBA-15. The itraconazole molecules were located on the mesopore walls and inside micropores of the mesopore walls. When SBA-15 was loaded by slurrying it in a diluted itraconazole solution from which the solvent was evaporated, the itraconazole molecules ended up in the mesopores that they plugged locally. At a loading of 30 wt %, itraconazole exhibited intermolecular interactions inside the mesopores revealed by UV spectroscopy and endothermic events traced with DSC. The physical mixing of itraconazole and SBA-15 powder followed by heating above the itraconazole melting temperature resulted in formulations in which glassy itraconazole particles were deposited externally on the SBA-15 particles. Loading with ibuprofen was successful with each of the three loading procedures. Ibuprofen preferably is positioned inside the micropores. In vitro release experiments showed fast release kinetics provided the drug molecules were evenly deposited over the mesoporous surface.
Large-scale aligned silicon carbonitride nanotube arrays: Synthesis, characterization, and field emission property (2007)

Large-scale aligned silicon carbonitride (SiCN) nanotube arrays have been synthesized by microwave-plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition using SiH4, CH4, and N2 as precursors. The three elements of Si, C, and N are chemically bonded with each other and the nanotube composition can be adjusted by varying the SiH4 concentration, as revealed by electron energy loss spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The evolution of microstructure of the SiCN nanotubes with different Si concentrations was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The dependence of field emission characteristics of the SiCN nanotubes on the composition has been investigated. With the increasing Si concentration, the SiCN nanotube exhibits more favorable oxidation resistance, which suggests that SiCN nanotube is a promising candidate as stable field emitter.
A Primer on Wavelets and Their Scientific Applications (2010)

The rapid growth of wavelet applications-speech compression and analysis, image compression and enhancement, and removing noise from audio and images-has created an explosion of activity in creating a theory of wavelet analysis and applying it to a wide variety of scientific and engineering problems. It becomes important, then, that engineers and s
The tribological performance of coated and non-coated materials in high temperature environments (2018)

Variable geometry (VG) and wastegate mechanisms are commonplace within modern turbochargers and contain critical components without which the correct and efficient operation of a turbomachine would be affected. Such mechanisms rely upon components repeatedly and accurately moving against one another, even when subjected to extreme conditions such as high temperatures, a range of exhaust gas chemistries and in dry conditions. Therefore, the materials used within typical VG and wastegate mechanisms need to possess corrosion and oxidation resistance as well as the required mechanical properties at high temperatures. Conventional materials with such characteristics, however, do not necessarily possess adequate friction and wear behaviour. Hence, there is a desire to investigate the benefit of using alternative materials, such as nickel and cobalt based superalloys, but their use in these applications is limited by their cost. A coated base alloy provides a wider pool of possible solutions and the ability to achieve a more cost-effective solution. By taking into consideration the environments to which VG and wastegate components are subjected, a time efficient selection process was developed that takes engineering and purchasing requirements into consideration. The material and coating samples were subjected to different conditions which are typically experienced during turbocharger operation in order to understand their corrosion and oxidation behaviour, with the worst performing concepts removed from the testing matrix. Subsequently, tribology testing was conducted using the remaining concepts, at temperatures typical of turbocharger operation, and the friction and wear results were compared. All concepts were characterised by using confocal microscopy, high resolution microscopy, chemical analysis and nanoindentation in order to understand their performance. The results were compiled in a matrix in order to determine, from an engineering and purchasing perspective, which concepts were most suitable for application within high temperature, turbocharger-based, tribological environments.
Optimum usage of prilocaine-lidocaine cream in premature ejaculation (2002)

Premature ejaculation is a common male sexual disorder in which orgasm and ejaculation occur before the desired moment. The primary therapeutic approach to premature ejaculation has been behavioural and pharmacotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and optimum usage of lidocaine-prilocaine cream 5% in preventing premature ejaculation. Forty patients were examined in the study group and randomized into four groups, each comprising 10 patients. Patients in group 1 applied lidocaine-prilocaine cream 5% for 20 min, the patients in group 2 applied it for 30 min, and the patients in group 3 applied the cream for 45 min before sexual contact, with all patients covering the penis with a condom. Patients in the fourth group applied a base cream as placebo. In group 1, the pre-ejaculation period increased to 6.71 +/- 2.54 min without any adverse effects. In group 2, although the pre-ejaculation period increased in four patients up to 8.70 +/- 1.70 min, six patients in this group and all patients in group 3 had erection loss because of numbness. In the placebo group, there was no change in their pre-ejaculation period. Therefore, lidocaine-prilocaine cream 5% is effective in premature ejaculation and 20 min of application time before sexual contact is the optimum period.