gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy named entity-based document clustering (2008)

Traditional keyword-based document clustering techniques have limitations due to simple treatment of words and hard separation of clusters. In this paper, we introduce named entities as objectives into fuzzy document clustering, which are the key elements defining document semantics and in many cases are of user concerns. First, the traditional keyword-based vector space model is adapted with vectors defined over spaces of entity names, types, name-type pairs, and identifiers, instead of keywords. Then, hierarchical fuzzy document clustering can be performed using a similarity measure of the vectors representing documents. For evaluating fuzzy clustering quality, we propose a fuzzy information variation measure to compare two fuzzy partitions. Experimental results are presented and discussed.
Impact of polling strategy on capacity of 802.11 based wireless multimedia LANs (2005)

Wireless local area networks are a viable technology to support multimedia traffic. One of the prominent wireless local area network standards being adopted as a mature technology is the IEEE 802.11 standard. In wireless multimedia networks, mobile stations will be capable of generating a heterogeneous traffic mix and therefore it is crucial to devise an efficient bandwidth allocation scheme to satisfy the quality of service requirements of each traffic class. In this paper we present a distributed fair queuing scheme which is compatible with the 802.11 standard and can manage bandwidth allocation for delay-sensitive traffic. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by simulation, showing that a distributed version of deficit round robin outperforms the standard round robin service discipline from a capacity viewpoint.
Progress in Amorphous and Micromorph Silicon Solar Cells (2002)

LP-CVD ZnO has been developed at IMT as front TCO for amorphous silicon p-i-n single-junction and "micromorph" (microcrystalline/amorphous silicon) tandem solar cells.In comparison with SnO 2 (Asahi type U), ZnO demonstrates superior light-trapping behaviour.Applying the monolithic series connection by laser-scribing, both for amorphous single-junction and micromorph tandem cells, modules have been fabricated on LP-CVD ZnO.After light-soaking, mini-modules, with an aperture efficiency of 8.5 % in the case of amorphous silicon cells, and of 9.8 % (initial 11%) in the case of micromorph cells, could be obtained.Micromorph tandem cells with an intermediate TCO reflector between the amorphous top and the microcrystalline bottom cell reveal an almost stable performance with respect to light-soaking.A first corresponding module with the applied intermediate TCO reflector could be fabricated.
Bromine Oxides (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBromine OxidesKonrad SeppeltView Author Information Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1997, 30, 3, 111–113Publication Date (Web):March 13, 1997Publication History Received17 June 1996Published online13 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar950236lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar950236lresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bromine,Extended X-ray absorption fine structure,Mixtures,Molecules,Oxides Get e-Alerts
What bugs live in the cloud?: a study of issues in scalable distributed systems (2015)

We performed a detailed study of development and deployment issues of six open-source scalable distributed systems (scale-out systems) by analyzing 3655 vital issues reported within a three-year span. The results of our study should be useful to system developers and operators, systems researchers, and tool builders in advancing the reliability of future scale-out systems. The database of our Cloud Bug Study (CbsDB) is publicly available.
Estimating Large Numbers (2013)

Despite their importance in public discourse, numbers in the range of 1 million to 1 trillion are notoriously difficult to understand. We examine magnitude estimation by adult Americans when placing large numbers on a number line and when qualitatively evaluating descriptions of imaginary geopolitical scenarios. Prior theoretical conceptions predict a log-to-linear shift: People will either place numbers linearly or will place numbers according to a compressive logarithmic or power-shaped function (Barth & Paladino, ; Siegler & Opfer, ). While about half of people did estimate numbers linearly over this range, nearly all the remaining participants placed 1 million approximately halfway between 1 thousand and 1 billion, but placed numbers linearly across each half, as though they believed that the number words "thousand, million, billion, trillion" constitute a uniformly spaced count list. Participants in this group also tended to be optimistic in evaluations of largely ineffective political strategies, relative to linear number-line placers. The results indicate that the surface structure of number words can heavily influence processes for dealing with numbers in this range, and it can amplify the possibility that analogous surface regularities are partially responsible for parallel phenomena in children. In addition, these results have direct implications for lawmakers and scientists hoping to communicate effectively with the public.
Intramolecular loop/tail interactions are essential for connexin 43‐hemichannel activity (2010)

Connexin-assembled gap junctions (GJs) and hemichannels coordinate intercellular signaling processes. Although the regulation of connexins in GJs has been well characterized, the molecular determinants controlling connexin-hemichannel activity are unresolved. Here we investigated the regulation of Cx43-hemichannel activity by actomyosin contractility and intracellular [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](i)) using plasma membrane-permeable TAT peptides (100 μM) designed to interfere with interactions between the cytoplasmic loop (CL) and carboxy-terminal (CT) in primary bovine corneal endothelial cells and HeLa, C6 glioma, and Xenopus oocytes ectopically expressing Cx43. Peptides corresponding to the last 10 CT aa (TAT-Cx43CT) prevented the inhibition of Cx43-hemichannel activity by contractility/high [Ca(2+)](i), whereas a reverse peptide (TAT-Cx43CTrev) did not. These effects were independent of zonula occludens-1, a cytoskeletal-associated Cx43-binding protein. In contrast, peptides corresponding to CL (TAT-L2) inhibited Cx43-hemichannel responses, whereas a mutant peptide (TAT-L2(H126K/I130N)) did not inhibit. In these assays, TAT-Cx43CT acted as a scaffold for TAT-L2 and vice versa, a finding supported by surface plasmon resonance measurements. Loop/tail interactions appeared essential for Cx43-hemichannel activity, because TAT-Cx43CT restored the activity of nonfunctional hemichannels, consisting of either Cx43 lacking the C-terminal tail (Cx43(M239)) or intact Cx43 ectopically expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We conclude that intramolecular loop/tail interactions control Cx43-hemichannel activity, laying the basis for developing hemichannel-specific blockers.
Expression of Cancer-Related Genes in Human Cells Exposed to 60 Hz Magnetic Fields (2000)

Exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields (MFs) may be a risk factor for human cancer. One mechanism through which MFs could influence neoplastic development is through alterations in the expression of cancer-related genes. Previous molecular studies of the action of MFs have measured effects on a limited number of genes. In the present studies, arrays containing cDNAs for 588 cancer-related genes were used to approach the hypothesis that the biological activity of MFs is mediated by alterations in gene expression. Cultures of normal (HME) and transformed (HBL-100) human mammary epithelial cells and human promyelocytic leukemia (HL60) cells were exposed to MFs at field strengths of 0, 0.01 or 1.0 mT for 24 h. Several genes were identified in MF-exposed cells whose expression was increased by at least twofold or decreased by 50% or more. However, no gene was found to be differentially expressed in each of three independent exposures for any cell type, and no relationship between exposure intensity and differential gene expression was found. These studies failed to identify a plausible genetic target for the action of MFs in human cells, and they provide no support for the hypothesis that MF exposure alters the expression of genes that are involved in cancer development.
Complementation Analysis of Simian Virus 40 Mutants (1974)

Seventy six new temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40 have been isolated. A simple modification of the standard plaquing technique permits complementation analyses to be performed readily. By using this technique the new mutants have been divided into four complementation groups.
Metabolic and morphological changes of an oil accumulating trebouxiophycean alga in nitrogen-deficient conditions (2012)

Oil-rich algae have promising potential for a next-generation biofuel feedstock. <i>Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea</i> MBIC 11204, a novel unicellular green algal strain, accumulates a large amount of oil (lipids) in nitrogen-deficient (-N) conditions. Although the oil bodies are easily visualized by lipophilic staining in the cells, little is known about how oil bodies are metabolically synthesized. Clarifying the metabolic profiles in -N conditions is important to understand the physiological mechanisms of lipid accumulations and will be useful to optimize culture conditions efficiently produce industrial oil. Metabolome and lipidome profiles were obtained, respectively, using capillary electrophoresis- and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from <i>P. ellipsoidea</i> in both nitrogen-rich (+N; rapid growth) and -N conditions. Relative quantities of more than 300 metabolites were systematically compared between these two conditions. Amino acids in nitrogen assimilation and N-transporting metabolisms were decreased to 1/20 the amount, or less, in -N conditions. In lipid metabolism, the quantities of neutral lipids increased greatly in -N conditions; however, quantities of nearly all the other lipids either decreased or only changed slightly. The morphological changes in +N and -N conditions were also provided by microscopy, and we discuss their relationship to the metabolic changes. This is the first approach to understand the novel algal strain's metabolism using a combination of wide-scale metabolome analysis and morphological analysis.
Finite element analysis of the vertical multi-turn thin-film head (1978)

The equations describing a model of the general case of the vertical thin-film head are solved using finite element analysis. Read efficiency and inductance are computed as a function of head permeability for a variety of design geometries. The effects of pole saturation during write are also treated, and results are presented for a number of cases of interest. From these results a set of guidelines for the geometric design of thin-film heads is developed.
Two Cases of General Chronic Proctitis (1884)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Two Cases of General Chronic Proctitis — Caused by Retroversion of the Uterus with Prolapse of Right Ovary in the First Case, by Simple Retroversion of the Uterus with Chronic Endometritis in the Second Case
Circadian variation of 5-fluorouracil catabolism in isolated perfused rat liver. (1989)

The catabolism of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) was measured in isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) at various times of the day. IPRLs were prepared from rats sacrificed at 3-h intervals and the elimination rate of FUra and FUra catabolites (i.e., rate leaving the IPRL in the effluent perfusate) following infusion of [3H]FUra was analyzed for circadian periodicity. Animals were housed under standardized conditions of light and dark and divided into two groups of 24 animals each. The first group was housed under "normal" light conditions (lights on from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.; off from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.), while the second group was housed under "reverse" light conditions (lights on from 10:00 p.m. to 10:00 a.m.; off from 10:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.). A circadian rhythm was observed in the elimination rate of FUra and FUra catabolites by both groups (P less than 0.0001, Cosinor analysis). Under "normal" light conditions, peak and trough elimination rate of FUra was at 19 h after light onset (HALO; 183.8 +/- 3.4 nmol/min/g liver) and 7 HALO (123.8 +/- 3.4 nmol/min/g liver), respectively. There was a reciprocal relationship between the elimination rates of FUra and FUra catabolites with peak and trough values for FUra catabolites at 7 HALO (70.5 +/- 3.6 nmol/min/g liver) and 19 HALO (17.5 +/- 3.6 nmol/min/g liver), respectively. Animals housed under the "reverse" conditions of light and dark also exhibited a circadian pattern. Under the "reverse" conditions, the peak and trough elimination rate of FUra was at 18.5 HALO (170.0 +/- 1.7 nmol/min/g liver) and 6.5 HALO (130.0 +/- 1.7 nmol/min/g liver), respectively. The peak and trough elimination rate of FUra catabolites under these conditions occurred at 6.5 HALO (64.3 +/- 2.2 nmol/min/g liver) and 18.5 HALO (29.7 +/- 2.2 nmol/min/g liver), respectively. These results demonstrate that the elimination rate of FUra and FUra catabolites by IPRL varies over a 24-h period with a circadian rhythm in association with the light/dark cycle. Such a variation in the hepatic elimination rate of FUra in humans could result in a variation in the systemic level of drug during chemotherapy thus affecting the therapeutic efficacy of FUra. This study suggests that a circadian pattern in the hepatic catabolism of FUra needs to be considered when planning chemotherapeutic regimens with FUra.
Metadata aggregation and "automated digital libraries": A retrospective on the NSDL experience (2006)

Over three years ago, the Core Integration team of the National Science Digital Library (NSDL) implemented a digital library based on metadata aggregation using Dublin Core and OAI-PMH. The initial expectation was that such low-barrier technologies would be relatively easy to automate and administer. While this architectural choice permitted rapid deployment of a production NSDL, our three years of experience have contradicted our original expectations of easy automation and low people cost. We have learned that alleged "low-barrier" standards are often harder to deploy than expected. In this paper we report on this experience and comment on the general cost, the functionality, and the ultimate effectiveness of this architecture.
Triptolide has anticancer and chemosensitization effects by down-regulating Akt activation through the MDM2/REST pathway in human breast cancer (2016)

Triptolide has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity. However, its mechanism of action is not clearly defined. Herein we report a novel signaling pathway, MDM2/Akt, is involved in the anticancer mechanism of triptolide. We observed that triptolide inhibits MDM2 expression in human breast cancer cells with either wild-type or mutant p53. This MDM2 inhibition resulted in decreased Akt activation. More specifically, triptolide interfered with the interaction between MDM2 and the transcription factor REST to increase expression of the regulatory subunit of PI3-kinase p85 and consequently inhibit Akt activation. We further showed that, regardless of p53 status, triptolide inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and caused G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Triptolide also enhanced the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin. MDM2 inhibition plays a causative role in these effects. The inhibitory effect of triptolide on MDM2-mediated Akt activation was eliminated with MDM2 overexpression. MDM2-overexpressing tumor cells, in turn, were less susceptible to the anticancer and chemosensitization effects of triptolide than control cells. Triptolide also exhibited anticancer and chemosensitization effects in nude mouse xenograft model. When it was administered to tumor-bearing nude mice, triptolide inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the antitumor effects of doxorubicin. In summary, triptolide has anticancer and chemosensitization effects by down-regulating Akt activation through the MDM2/REST pathway in human breast cancer. Our study helps to elucidate the p53-independent regulatory function of MDM2 in Akt signaling, offering a novel view of the mechanism by which triptolide functions as an anticancer agent.
Primary Cells and Stem Cells in Drug Discovery: Emerging Tools for High-Throughput Screening (2010)

Many drug discovery screening programs employ immortalized cells, recombinantly engineered to express a defined molecular target. Several technologies are now emerging that render it feasible to employ more physiologically, and clinically relevant, cell phenotypes. Consequently, numerous approaches use primary cells, which retain many functions seen in vivo, as well as endogenously expressing the target of interest. Furthermore, stem cells, of either embryonic or adult origin, as well as those derived from differentiated cells, are now finding a place in drug discovery. Collectively, these cells are expanding the utility of authentic human cells, either as screening tools or as therapeutics, as well as providing cells derived directly from patients. Nonetheless, the growing use of phenotypically relevant cells (including primary cells or stem cells) is not without technical difficulties, particularly when their envisioned use lies in high-throughput screening (HTS) protocols. In particular, the limited availability of homogeneous primary or stem cell populations for HTS mandates that novel technologies be developed to accelerate their adoption. These technologies include detection of responses with very few cells as well as protocols to generate cell lines in abundant, homogeneous populations. In parallel, the growing use of changes in cell phenotype as the assay readout is driving greater use of high-throughput imaging techniques in screening. Taken together, the greater availability of novel primary and stem cell phenotypes as well as new detection technologies is heralding a new era of cellular screening. This convergence offers unique opportunities to identify drug candidates for disorders at which few therapeutics are presently available.
Simulation of off-state degradation at high temperature in High Voltage NMOS transistor with STI architecture (2010)

After High Temperature Reverse Bias stress, high voltage NMOS transistors designed in 0.18μm technologies with STI architecture suffer from R dson degradation, which can result in long term product failure. In this work, a degradation model is proposed based on results obtained on TCAD simulation, showing very good agreement with the experimental values.
Robust Sound Localization: An Application of an Auditory Perception System for a Humanoid Robot (1995)

Localizing sounds with different frequency and time domain characteristics in a dynamic listening environment is a challenging task that has not been explored in the field of robotics as much as other perceptual tasks. This thesis presents an integrated auditory system for a humanoid robot, currently under development, that will, among other things, learn to localize normal, everyday sounds in a realistic environment. The hardware and software has been designed and developed to take full advantage of the features and capabilities of the humanoid robot of which it will be an integral component. Sounds with different frequency components and time domain characteristics have to be localized using different cues; a neural network is also presented that has been developed off-line to learn to integrate the various auditory cues, using primarily visual data to perform self-supervised training.
Swarm intelligence based Resource Allocation Algorithm for cognitive radio network (2010)

In this paper, we propose a Swarm Intelligence based Resource Allocation Algorithm (SIRAA) for optimum allocation of available spectrum holes to cognitive radio users. Usage statistics reveal that large portion of the spectrum are under utilized due to stringent licensing policy. Spectrum utilization ranges from only 15% to 85% with a high variance in both temporal and spatial domain. Due to the inefficiency in the spectrum usage and increase in the access to the available limited spectrum in recent years, there is a need to access the existing wireless spectrum opportunistically. This new networking paradigm is referred as Cognitive radio networks. We used existing bidding strategy to allocate channels to cognitive radio users. A cognitive radio sends bid values (the bid value is a function of bandwidth requirement, bit error rate, possible interference, user type etc.) for every available spectrum holes to the base station. The base station allocates the spectrum band to the cognitive user by maximizing the totald bid value received from all cognitive users. We consider four different cases of allocation such that each cognitive user (i) will get exactly one channel (ii) will get channels in a proportionate manner (iii) will get at least k number of channels and (iv) will get at least k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and at most k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> number of channels. We proposed a binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to find an optimum allocation of channels to all cognitive users for all four cases. We compared our simulation results with traditional Hungarian method wherever the later is used to verify in some feasible cases.
Selecting Test Patterns for 4K RAMS (1977)

The selection of 4K RAM test patterns for use in a Go/NoGo or characterization type test program requires consideration of several areas related to test program quality. Among all others, two of the most important of these areas are pattern execution time and failure modes tested for. The most popular test patterns for 4K RAM'S are graphically illustrated with step-by-step instructions on test pattern generation provided.