gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Recombinant Canine Distemper Virus Expressing Leishmania Antigen against Leishmania Challenge in Dogs (2015)

Canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccination confers long-term protection against CDV reinfection. To investigate the utility of CDV as a polyvalent vaccine vector for Leishmania, we generated recombinant CDVs, based on an avirulent Yanaka strain, that expressed Leishmania antigens: LACK, TSA, or LmSTI1 (rCDV-LACK, rCDV-TSA, and rCDV-LmSTI1, respectively). Dogs immunized with rCDV-LACK were protected against challenge with lethal doses of virulent CDV, in the same way as the parental Yanaka strain. To evaluate the protective effects of the recombinant CDVs against cutaneous leishmaniasis in dogs, dogs were immunized with one recombinant CDV or a cocktail of three recombinant CDVs, before intradermal challenge (in the ears) with infective-stage promastigotes of Leishmania major. Unvaccinated dogs showed increased nodules with ulcer formation after 3 weeks, whereas dogs immunized with rCDV-LACK showed markedly smaller nodules without ulceration. Although the rCDV-TSA- and rCDV-LmSTI1-immunized dogs showed little protection against L. major, the cocktail of three recombinant CDVs more effectively suppressed the progression of nodule formation than immunization with rCDV-LACK alone. These results indicate that recombinant CDV is suitable for use as a polyvalent live attenuated vaccine for protection against both CDV and L. major infections in dogs.
Single-File Diffusion of Protein Drugs through Cylindrical Nanochannels (2010)

A new drug delivery device using cylindrical block copolymer nanochannels was successfully developed for controlled protein drug delivery applications. Depending on the hydrodynamic diameter of the protein drugs, the pore size in cylindrical nanochannels could be controlled precisely down to 6 nm by Au deposition. Zero-order release of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human growth hormone (hGH) by single-file diffusion, which has been observed for gas diffusion through zeolite pores, was realized up to 2 months without protein denaturation. Furthermore, a nearly constant in vivo release of hGH from the drug delivery nanodevice implanted to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was continued up to 3 weeks, demonstrating the feasibility for long-term controlled delivery of therapeutic protein drugs.
Socio-demographic correlates, HIV/AIDS-related cofactors, and measures of same-sex sexual behaviour among northern Thai male soldiers. (1997)

We use data from an anonymous self-administered 1991 survey of military personnel in northern Thailand to estimate overall levels of and socio-demographic differentials in same-sex sexual behaviour in this population. Additionally, we examine the relationship between sexual experience with another male and a variety of outcomes relevant to HIV prevention and policy. Overall, 16.3 per cent of the sexually active soldiers report ever having had anal or oral sex with other males. Same-sex sexual behaviour in this sample is positively associated with several indicators of higher socio-economic status. All of the men who report having had sex with other men report having had vaginal intercourse with females as well. Comparison of our estimate of same-sex sexual behaviour with those obtained from two similar samples drawn in 1991 suggests that the lower estimates observed in the other two studies are largely due to differences in data collection methods. Regarding the HIV/AIDS-related outcomes we examined, men who have had sex with other men are significantly more likely than those who have not to have ever injected drugs, to personally know someone with HIV/AIDS, to have had sex with a female prostitute in the last six months, and to have had a sexually transmitted disease in the last six months. In this sample, men who have had sex with other men are also less knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS than are men who have not. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for HIV-prevention policy in Thailand.
Radiosynthesis of [<sup>11</sup>C]‐N‐methylacyclovir (1991)

Abstract A selective and potent analogue of the anti‐herpes agent acyclovir has been labelled with 11 C in good yield and at high specific activities. 1‐[ 11 C]‐Methyl‐9‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)methyl)guanine may be useful for detecting HSV encephalitis using positron emission tomography.
Automatic Document Classification (1963)

article Free Access Share on Automatic Document Classification Authors: Harold Borko System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, CaliforniaView Profile , Myrna Bernick System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, CaliforniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims Journal of the ACMVolume 10Issue 2April 1963 pp 151–162https://doi.org/10.1145/321160.321165Published:01 April 1963Publication History 104citation2,615DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations104Total Downloads2,615Last 12 Months325Last 6 weeks58 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Immediate Postsurgical Fitting and Early Ambulation (1968)

GOLBRANSON, F. L. MC, USN*; ASBELLE, CHARLES B.S., C.P.†; STRAND, DONALD C.P.‡ Author Information
Shattering the Glass Podium: Successes and Setbacks of Women in Collegiate Choral Conducting (2021)

The purpose of this study was to explore the status and experiences of women in collegiate choral conducting positions. Out of all collegiate choral conductors ( N = 992) at institutions accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music in the United States, 68.65% ( n = 681) were men and 31.35% ( n = 311) were women at the time of this study; I invited the women collegiate choral conductors to serve as study participants. Ninety-six respondents completed an online survey, resulting in a response rate of 30.86%. I collected data through a researcher-designed survey. First, I asked respondents to provide demographic information and respond to Likert-type and open-ended prompts related to three domains: gaining entry into the profession, navigating the profession, and issues surrounding gender. I analyzed data through descriptive statistics and qualitative methods of assigning codes, combining codes into themes, and displaying the data. I addressed general discrepancies in the self-reported attitudes of respondents. Although women reported an overall attitude of satisfaction as choral conductors in their Likert-type responses, many respondents detailed several instances of gender discrimination and other challenges in their open-ended responses. Implications for the music profession, including specific strategies to help empower women in collegiate choral conducting settings, are discussed.
Differences in Tendon Graft Healing between the Intra-articular and Extra-articular Ends of a Bone Tunnel (2008)

The basic biology of healing between a tendon graft and bone tunnel remains incompletely understood. Distinct variability in the morphological characteristics of the healing tendon-bone attachment site has been reported. We hypothesized that spatial and temporal differences in tendon-to-bone healing exist at different regions of a surgically created bone tunnel. Twenty-four male, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the left knee using a flexor digitorum longus tendon graft secured using suspensory periosteal fixation. Animals were sacrificed at 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, and 28 days after surgery and prepared for routine histology and immunohistochemical analysis of the healing enthesis at the intra-articular aperture (IAA), mid-tunnel, and extra-articular aperture (EAA). Six animals were used to measure mineral apposition rate (MAR) along the healing bone tunnel by double fluorochrome labeling at 14 and 28 days after surgery. The total area of calcified bone matrix was assessed with von Kossa staining and Goldner-Masson trichrome staining, respectively. The healing tendon-bone interface tissue exhibited a wide chondroid matrix at the IAA, in contrast to a narrow, fibrous matrix at the EAA. There were significantly more osteoclasts at the IAA compared to EAA throughout the study period, except 4 days after surgery (p < 0.05). Collagen continuity between the tendon graft and bone tunnel increased over time, with a more parallel orientation and increased collagen fiber continuity between tendon and bone at the EAA compared to the IAA. MAR was also significantly greater at the EAA at 4 weeks (p < 0.001). Significant differences in healing between the tendon graft and bone exist along the length of bone tunnel secured with suspensory fixation. The etiology of these differences is likely multifactorial in nature, including variable biological and biomechanical environments at different ends of the tunnel. Understanding these differences may ultimately allow surgeons to improve the quality of graft fixation and long-term outcomes after ACL reconstruction.
A Study of Breast Parenchyma by Mammography in the Normal Woman and Those with Benign and Malignant Disease (1967)

The breast parenchyma of 3,250 women was studied by mammography in an attempt to relate certain patterns to the normal breast, to benign disease, and to malignant disease. The analysis disclosed great similarities between the normal women and those with benign disease in respect to age and parity. This parallel appearance leads one to conclude there is a difference of only a slight degree between the woman with clinically apparent mammary dysplasia such as adenosis and fibrocystic disease and the “normal” and that the abnormalities are developmental, with their highest incidence in the late teens and early twenties. The roentgenographic appearance of the parenchyma in malignant tumor reveals a definite and significant relationship to visible ducts within the breast, usually bilateral, occasionally unilateral, and nearly always involving the remaining breast after prior mastectomy. More interesting and perhaps important is the “ductal hypertrophy and hyperplasia” and therefore “cancer risk” seen in women according to the degree of parity. Mammography is an excellent method of studying the gross anatomy of the breast. One can readily recognize alveolar and large duct structures and note their configuration, distribution, and prominence. More important, the histologic features of most breast diseases are reflected accurately on the mammogram. An analysis of the parenchyma in the normal and abnormal breast is, therefore, a valid study. Historically, Ingleby and Gershon-Cohen have written on comparative studies between the mammogram and the appearance of the breast in the laboratory, and it was to study the anatomy of malignant tumors that Salomon made the first mammograms. Method Mammograms were reviewed in the following categories with noted qualifications: a. Normal (2,000 women) (Figs. 3 and 4): The physical findings are negative, and there is no family history of breast cancer or personal history of breast disease; hormone therapy has never been administered. b. Mastectomy (200 women) (Fig. 7): One breast was removed some time prior to mammography. c. Benign (750 women) (Fig. 5): After mammography, a biopsy showed benign disease. d. Malignant (300 women) (Fig. 6): After mammography, a biopsy demonstrated carcinoma. All normal and abnormal parenchymal elements were noted, but the main emphasis was on assessment of the alveolar tissue and ducts; their presence or absence, amount, and distribution. This material was coded and later subjected to analysis by computer. Alveolar structures as seen on the x-ray film coincide with what the pathologist will identify as adenosis, sclerosing adenosis, and/or fibrocystic disease or micro-cystic disease. The mammogram depicts this as an area of increased density, and there is tremendous latitude as to degree and area of involvement. Ducts are anatomic tubular structures readily recognized in the subareolar area, but also elsewhere within the breast.
The Effect of Obesity on Growth Hormone Secretion (2006)

Obesity is quickly becoming a major health problem in developed countries with nearly 2/3 of U.S. adults classified as overweight or obese (body mass index (BMI)&gt; 25 kg/m2) (1). Excess weight leads to a multitude of health issues, including increased cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. It is not surprising that obesity leads to alterations in other endogenous hormonal systems. This article will examine the effects of increased weight on growth hormone (GH) dynamics and the potential consequences of altered GH concentrations. Research performed over forty years ago uncovered that growth hormone levels are lower in obese compared to normal weight individuals (2). Careful measurements of this pulsatile hormone with frequent blood sampling over a 24-hour period showed that in men, higher body fat was associated with a decline in pulsatile GH release and faster GH clearance (3). Similarly in women, increased visceral adiposity was associated with a decline in basal and pulsatile GH secretion (4). Because 24-hour secretion profiles are cumbersome to perform, the competency of the GH axis is commonly assessed by performing a stimulation test, such as the arginine-GHRH or insulin tolerance (ITT) test. A study by Bonert et al. of healthy men showed that the peak GH obtained during arginine-GHRH stimulation testing was inversely correlated with BMI (Figure 1). Using a generous (increased sensitivity, decreased specificity) cut-off
Power aware variable partitioning and instruction scheduling for multiple memory banks (2004)

Many high-end DSP processors employ both multiple memory banks and heterogeneous register files to improve performance and power consumption. The complexity of such architectures presents a great challenge to compiler design. In this paper, we present an approach for variable partitioning and instruction scheduling to maximally exploit the benefits provided by such architectures. Our approach is built on a novel graph model which strives to capture both performance and power demands. We propose an algorithm to iteratively find the variable partition such that the maximum energy saving is achieved while satisfying the given performance constraint. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Volumetric breast density evaluation from ultrasound tomography images (2008)

Previous ultrasound tomography work conducted by our group showed a direct correlation between measured sound speed and physical density in vitro, and increased in vivo sound speed with increasing mammographic density, a known risk factor for breast cancer. Building on these empirical results, the purpose of this work was to explore a metric to quantify breast density using our ultrasound tomography sound speed images in a manner analogous to computer-assisted mammogram segmentation for breast density analysis. Therefore, volumetric ultrasound percent density (USPD) is determined by segmenting high sound speed areas from each tomogram using a k-means clustering routine, integrating these results over the entire volume of the breast, and dividing by whole-breast volume. First, a breast phantom comprised of fat inclusions embedded in fibroglandular tissue was scanned four times with both our ultrasound tomography clinical prototype (with 4 mm spatial resolution) and CT. The coronal transmission tomograms and CT images were analyzed using semiautomatic segmentation routines, and the integrated areas of the phantom's fat inclusions were compared between the four repeated scans. The average variability for inclusion segmentation was approximately 7% and approximately2%, respectively, and a close correlation was observed in the integrated areas between the two modalities. Next, a cohort of 93 patients was imaged, yielding volumetric coverage of the breast (45-75 sound speed tomograms/patient). The association of USPD with mammographic percent density (MPD) was evaluated using two measures: (1) qualitative, as determined by a radiologist's visual assessment using BI-RADS Criteria and (2) quantitative, via digitization and semiautomatic segmentation of craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique mammograms. A strong positive association between BI-RADS category and USPD was demonstrated [Spearman rho = 0.69 (p < 0.001)], with significant differences between all BI-RADS categories as assessed by one-way ANOVA and Scheffé posthoc analysis. Furthermore, comparing USPD to calculated mammographic density yielded moderate to strong positive associations for CC and MLO views (r2 = 0.75 and 0.59, respectively). These results support the hypothesis that utilizing USPD as an analogue to mammographic breast density is feasible, providing a nonionizing, whole-breast analysis.
Modelling and simulation of the surface topography generation with engineered grinding wheel (2015)

This paper establishes the kinematics model, elastic deformation model and plastic accumulation model of the engineered grinding wheel and makes the numerical simulation of the surface topography of the engineered grinding wheel with quenching 45 steel as the research subject. The results show that when the axial grains of the grinding wheel are the most densely arranged and the offset distance of the grains is greater than 0 and less than 25% of the average diameter of the grains, the good surface roughness can be obtained after grinding. Compared with the arrangement schemes in which the offset distance of the grain is 0 and 50% of the average diameter of the grains, the scheme in which the offset distance of the grain is 25% of the average diameter of the grains can get the best surface topography, surface profile curve and surface roughness of the workpiece.
Combination of cisplatin and bromelain exerts synergistic cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in vitro (2016)

Bromelain in combination with cisplatin synergistically enhanced the induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.
Assessment of early retinal changes in diabetes using a new multifocal ERG protocol (2001)

The periodic global flashes produce a greater multifocal response reduction in diabetics than in normals, indicating impairment in the rate or magnitude of recovery from the bright preceding stimulus. The new stimulation protocol reveals early changes in retinal function of diabetics.
Acoustic streaming about a cylinder in orthogonal beams (1992)

When orthogonal, plane sound waves of the same frequency, wavelength and amplitude, but with phase difference ½π, are incident upon a circular cylinder there is a time-independent streaming about the cylinder which is in the form of a potential vortex separated from the cylinder by a thin, viscous Stokes layer. As the amplitude of the waves in one of the beams decreases, an additional viscous boundary layer is involved until, when the amplitude is sufficiently small, this flow structure is destroyed as fluid erupts from the boundary layer. In the limit of a single beam it is known that this eruption results in opposing jets perpendicular to the wavefronts of the oncoming wave.
Raloxifene, a New Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (1999)

There is evidence from observational studies that estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women can reduce the rates of morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic heart disease. The mechanism of this cardiovascular protective effect is not yet established, but favorable actions of hormone therapy on plasma lipids and vascular endothelial function have been proposed. Estrogens can also increase the risk of breast and uterine carcinoma. The new selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene appears to have benefits similar to estrogen on plasma lipids and osteoporosis, but it does not affect the rate of uterine carcinoma as does tamoxifen and estrogen. Animal studies suggest an anti-atherosclerotic action of raloxifene, but this needs to be confirmed in long-term human studies.
Basonuclin: a novel mammalian maternal-effect gene (2006)

Basonuclin is a zinc-finger protein found in abundance in oocytes. It qualifies as a maternal-effect gene because the source of pre-implantation embryonic basonuclin is maternal. Using a transgenic-RNAi approach, we knocked down basonuclin specifically in mouse oocytes, which led to female sub-fertility. Basonuclin deficiency in oocytes perturbed both RNA polymerase I- and II-mediated transcription, and oocyte morphology was affected (as evidenced by cytoplasmic and cell surface abnormalities). Some of the affected oocytes, however, could still mature to and arrest at metaphase II, and be ovulated. Nevertheless, fertilized basonuclin-deficient eggs failed to develop beyond the two-cell stage, and this pre-implantation failure accounted for the sub-fertility phenotype. These results suggest that basonuclin is a new member of the mammalian maternal-effect genes and, interestingly, differs from the previously reported mammalian maternal-effect genes in that it also apparently perturbs oogenesis.
Strategies and Methods for the Synthesis of Anticancer Natural Product Neopeltolide and its Analogs (2015)

Neopeltolide, isolated in 2007, with its novel structural features and potent anti cancer cell proliferation activity, has attracted a tremendous amount of synthetic efforts. This review briefly and chronologically summarizes each of the synthesis with the main focus on the strategies and methodologies for the construction of its <i>cis</i>-tetrahydropyran-containing macrolactone core.
Route to stabilized ultrabroadband microresonator-based frequency combs (2013)

We perform the first theoretical modeling of the full spectral–temporal dynamics of octave-spanning parametric microresonator comb generation through use of the Lugiato–Lefever model extended to include higher-order dispersion and self-steepening. We show that three distinct stages are necessary to achieve single-pulse modelocking and discuss the dispersion characteristics required for ultrabroadband, stabilized comb generation. Our simulations agree well with previous experimental demonstrations and predict many of the observed features, including multipulse generation, dispersive wave generation, modelocking, and comb stabilization.
Dephosphorylation of the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase contributes to inhibition of bone growth by fibroblast growth factor (2017)

Activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3 and inactivating mutations in the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase both cause severe short stature, but how these two signaling systems interact to regulate bone growth is poorly understood. Here, we show that bone elongation is increased when NPR2 cannot be dephosphorylated and thus produces more cyclic GMP. By developing an in vivo imaging system to measure cyclic GMP production in intact tibia, we show that FGF-induced dephosphorylation of NPR2 decreases its guanylyl cyclase activity in growth plate chondrocytes in living bone. The dephosphorylation requires a PPP-family phosphatase. Thus FGF signaling lowers cyclic GMP production in the growth plate, which counteracts bone elongation. These results define a new component of the signaling network by which activating mutations in the FGF receptor inhibit bone growth.