gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collaborative storage with mobile devices in wireless networks for P2P media sharing (2008)

Information storage and storage sharing are key components of modern networked computer systems. Mobile devices such as PDAs and cell phones normally have very limited storage capacities compared with PCs or laptops, while storing a large number of media objects (such as e-books, pictures and videos, etc.) on mobile devices could take a lot of space. In this paper, we study collaborative storage with mobile devices, where contributory storage infrastructure is constructed among a group of mobile devices for P2P (peer-to-peer) media sharing. We analyze the design tradeoffs of the collaborative storage system with mobile devices via concrete application examples in different settings. In this study, we focus on two main performance metrics: (1) the availability rate for a stored data object in the collaborative storage system when a peer node tries to access the given item, and (2) the uploading and retrieval delay for a stored data object of different sizes in a variety of circumstances. We experimentally verify the performance and feasibility of the constructed prototype of a shared e-library with a collection of e-books, pictures and videos based upon the paradigm of collaborative storage with mobile devices.
Evaluating Sleep Quality in Older Adults (2008)

Inadequate sleep-sleep of poor quality or insufficient duration or both-has been linked to health problems ranging from cognitive impairment to compromised immunity. Insomnia occurs more frequently after age 70, and more than half of adults ages 65 and older report at least one chronic sleep complaint. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index is easily used to assess the quality and patterns of sleep in older adults. It consists of 18 questions covering seven areas in which sleep problems occur and can be completed in about 10 minutes. For a free online video demonstrating the use of this index, go to http://links.lww.com/A261.
Monoclonal antibodies specific for poly(dG).cntdot.poly(dC) and poly(dG).cntdot.poly(dm5C) (1984)

Most duplex DNAs that are in the "B" conformation are not immunogenic. One important exception is poly(dG) X poly(dC), which produces a good immune response even though, by many criteria, it adopts a conventional right-handed helix. In order to investigate what features are being recognized, monoclonal antibodies were prepared against poly(dG) X poly(dC) and the related polymer poly(dG) X poly(dm5C). Jel 72, which is an immunoglobulin G, binds only to poly(dG) X poly(dC), while Jel 68, which is an immunoglobulin M, binds approximately 10-fold more strongly to poly(dG) X poly(dm5C) than to poly(dG) X poly(dC). For both antibodies, no significant interaction could be detected with any other synthetic DNA duplexes including poly[d(Gm5C)] X poly[d(Gm5C)] in both the "B" and "Z" forms, poly[d(Tm5Cm5C)] X poly[d(GGA)], and poly[d(TCC)] X poly[d(GGA)], poly(dI) X poly(dC), or poly(dI) X poly(dm5C). The binding to poly(dG) X poly(dC) was inhibited by ethidium and by disruption of the DNA duplex, confirming that the antibodies were not recognizing single-stranded or multistranded structures. Furthermore, Jel 68 binds significantly to phage XP-12 DNA, which contains only m5C residues and will precipitate this DNA in the absence of a second antibody. The results suggest that (dG)n X (dm5C)n sequences in natural DNA exist in recognizably distinct conformations.
Gas Chromatography as a Development and Production Tool for Fingerprinting Oils from Individual Reservoirs: Applications in the Gulf of Mexico (1990)

Unique gas chromatographic fingerprints of oil from individual reservoir units can be obtained when careful attention is paid to sample collection and analytical technique. The comparison and correlation of these fingerprints can be used to evaluate reservoir continuity, identify well production problems and assign the relative amounts of production to specific intervals when production is commingled. This use of fluid geochemistry is a useful accompaniment to the more traditional reservoir geology and production engineering tools, such as well logs and well tests. The result is a more complete understanding of reservoir characteristics. The chromatographic technique can be applied in the early stages of field development as well as the later stages of reservoir management. This paper describes the technique of reservoir typing through gas chromatography and illustrates its use with several geologic and engineering case histories from Angola and the Gulf of Mexico.
Exported proteins in probiotic bacteria: adhesion to intestinal surfaces, host immunomodulation and molecular cross-talking with the host (2008)

The group of exported proteins of a bacterium are those proteins that are sorted from the cytoplasm to the bacterial surface or to the surroundings of the microorganism. In probiotic bacteria, these proteins are of special relevance because they might determine important traits such as adhesion to intestinal surfaces and molecular cross-talking with the host. Current knowledge about the presence and biological relevance of exported proteins produced by the main genera of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal environment is reviewed in this minireview. As will be seen, some of these proteins are involved in host adhesion or are able to modify certain signalization pathways within host cells, whereas others are important for the physiology of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.
Local color: Orientational detail in Midwestern personal narrative (2018)

Department of English article
Glutathione Biosynthesis via Activation of the Nuclear Factor E2–Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) – Antioxidant-Response Element (ARE) Pathway Is Essential for Neuroprotective Effects of Sulforaphane and 6-(Methylsulfinyl) Hexyl Isothiocyanate (2011)

Oxidative stress plays pivotal roles in aging, neurodegenerative disease, and pathological conditions such as ischemia. We investigated the effect of sulforaphane and 6-(methysulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate (6-HITC), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, on oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity using primary neuronal cultures of rat striatum. Pretreatment with sulforaphane and 6-HITC significantly protected against H(2)O(2)- and paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. Sulforaphane and 6-HITC induced the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and increased the expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and the intracellular glutathione content. Treatment with reduced glutathione (GSH) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a substance for glutathione synthesis, significantly prevented the cytotoxicity induced by H(2)O(2) and paraquat. Moreover, exposure to L-buthionine-sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of γ-GCS, suppressed the protective effects of sulforaphane and 6-HITC. In contrast, sulforaphane and 6-HITC increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in neurons. However, zinc-protophorphyrin IX, a competitive inhibitor of HO-1, did not influence the protective effects of sulforaphane and 6-HITC. These results suggest that sulforaphane and 6-HITC prevent oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in rat striatal cultures by raising the intracellular glutathione content via an increase in γ-GCS expression induced by the activation of the Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway.
In vitro fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the liberation of antitumor nitrogen mustard from prodrugs (2002)

The syntheses of two novel glucuronide prodrugs of nitrogen mustard with a fluorine tag are reported. These prodrugs, which differ only by the presence or not of a spacer, were designed for selective activation in the necrotic area of tumors by β-glucuronidase. Kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of these prodrugs were determined by 19F-NMR and HPLC in vitro studies. The spacer-containing prodrug was found to be the more stable and more quickly cleaved than the other. Thereby it appeared to be a promising candidate for in vivo studies.
Tunable Multi-Wavelength Fiber Laser Based on Random Rayleigh Back-Scattering (2013)

A novel all-fiber tunable multi-wavelength Raman fiber laser is achieved in a 50 km single-mode fiber connected to a multi-channel wavelength tunable component (MCWTC), i.e., a F–P cavity combined with a long-period fiber gratings based Mach–Zehnder interferometer, that is obtained by micro-processing. Raman amplified Rayleigh scattering feedback provides the mechanism for random lasing that is split to equidistance wavelengths and tuned continuously from 1553.9 to 1565.4 nm by the MCWTC.
Determination of somatic mutations in human erythrocytes by flow cytometry. (1986)

Flow cytometric assays of human erythrocytes labeled with monoclonal antibodies specific for glycophorin A were used to enumerate variant cells that appear in peripheral blood as a result of somatic gene-loss mutations in erythrocyte precursor cells. The assay was performed on erythrocytes from 10 oncology patients who had received at least one treatment from radiation or mutagenic chemotherapy at least 3 weeks before being assayed. The patients were suffering from many different malignancies (e.g., breast, renal, bone, colon and lung), and were treated with several different mutagenic therapeutics (e.g., cisplatinum, adriamycin, daunomycin, or cyclophosphamide). The frequency of these variant cells is an indication of the amount of mutagenic damage accumulated in the individual's erythropoietic cell population. Comparing these results to HPRT clonogenic assays, we find similar baseline frequencies of somatic mutation as well as similar correlation with mutagenic exposures. 9 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
T Cell Activation Antigen, CD26, as a Cofactor for Entry of HIV in CD4 <sup>+</sup> Cells (1993)

The CD4 molecule is essential for binding HIV particles, but is not sufficient for efficient viral entry and infection. The cofactor was shown to be dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), also known as CD26. This serine protease cleaves its substrates at specific motifs; such motifs area also highly conserved in the V3 loops of HIV-1, HIV-2, and related simian isolates. Entry of HIV-1 or HIV-2 into T lymphoblastoid and monocytoid cell lines was inhibited by a specific monoclonal antibody against DPP IV or specific peptide inhibitors of this protease. Coexpression of human CD4 and CD26 in murine NIH 3T3 cells rendered them permissive to infection by HIV-1 and HIV-2. These observations could provide the basis for developing simple and specific inhibitors of HIV and open a possibility for vaccine development.
Dissociated ciliary ganglion neurons in vitro: survival and synapse formation. (1977)

Normally, about half of the ciliary ganglion neurons in 8-day-old chick embryos die before day 14 in ovo. However, when dissociated ciliary ganglion neurons were prepared from either 8- or 14-day-old embryos and grown in cell culture with skeletal myotubes, essentially all of the neurons survived for at least 3 weeks. Many of the neurons formed functional synapses on myotubes under these conditions; some neuromuscular synapses could be detected as early as 20 hr after addition of the ganglion cells to muscle cultures. In contrast, most neurons from 8-day embryos survived for only a few days when grown alone on either polyornithine- or collagen-coated dishes. These results suggest that neurons destined to die in ovo can be rescued when grown in cell culture with myotubes and that under these conditions the neurons develop and express differentiated properties.
Production of Bioethanol from Rice Straw using Cellulase by Local Aspergillus sp. (2011)

Cellulase production in situ was considered as one of the alternatives to reduce bioethanol production cost. In this study, cellulase enzyme was produced from rice straw by locally isolated Aspergillus sp. in solid state fermentation. The crude cellulase was measured to have activity of 6.3 FPU g-1 rice straw. The rice straw was pretreated by few cycles of wet disc milling prior saccharified it using the crude cellulase produced. More than 90% glucose from total cellulose was released by the saccharification. The saccharified product was subjected to fermentation by yeast. The highest bioethanol yield produced from the fermentation was 0.102 g g-1 rice straw which is equivalent to 62.61% of theoretical bioethanol yield. It was concluded that the use of crude cellulase from rice straw onto rice straw can lead to a good yield of bioethanol, provided an effective pretreatment was used.
Antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Terminalia superba (Combretaceae) (2009)

The methanol extract from the stem bark of Terminalia superba (TSB), fractions (TSB1–7) and two compounds isolated following bio-assay guided fractionation namely 3,4′-di-O-methylellagic acid 3′-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (1) and 4′-O-galloy-3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid 4-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (2) were evaluated for their antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal activities. The broth microdilution, the microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA) and the agar disc diffusion methods were used for the investigations. The results of the antimycobacterial assays showed that the crude extract, fractions TSB5–7 and compound 1 were able to prevent the growth of all the studied mycobacteria. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 39.06 µg/ml for this extract was recorded on both M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis MTCS2. The corresponding values were 19.53 µg/ml and 4.88 µg/ml for fractions and compounds respectively. The MIC determination results on other organisms indicated values ranging from 19.53 to 78.12 µg/ml for TSB and compound 2 on 90.9% of the tested organisms, meanwhile compound 1 as well as fractions TSB 6 and 7 exhibited detectable MIC values on all studied microorganisms. The overall results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of the crude extract from T. superba, fractions 6–7 and the tested compounds in the treatment of tuberculosis, bacterial and fungal infections.
KameleonFuzz (2014)

Fuzz testing consists in automatically generating and sending malicious inputs to an application in order to hopefully trigger a vulnerability. Fuzzing entails such questions as: Where to fuzz? Which parameter to fuzz? Where to observe its effects?
Heating ability and hemolysis test of magnetite nanoparticles obtained by a simple co-precipitation method (2016)

The present paper reports the heating ability and hemolysis test of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications, obtained bya novel and easy co-precipitation method, in which it is not necessary the use of controlled atmospheres and high stirring rates. Different molarproportions of FeCl2:FeCl3 (2:1 and 3:2 respectively) were used and the obtained MNPs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, vibrating samplemagnetometry and transmission electron microscopy. The heating ability was evaluated under a magnetic field using a solid state induction heatingequipment at two different frequencies (362 and 200 kHz). Additionally, a hemolysis test was performed according to the ASTM method. Theobtained ferrites showed a particle size in the range of 8–12 nm and superparamagnetic behavior. The MNPs increased the temperature up to43.1?C in 5 min under a low magnetic field and showed non hemolytic effect up to 3 mg/ml. The MNPs obtained are highly potential materials forhyperthermia cancer treatment.
Lipopolysaccharide induces recurrence of arthritis in rat joints previously injured by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide. (1987)

Rat ankle joints injected intraarticularly with 5 micrograms of group A streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-APS) developed an acute course of arthritis. Recurrence of arthritis was induced in 100% of these joints by intravenous injection of as little as 10 micrograms of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 wk after intraarticular injection. This reaction was similar in athymic and euthymic rats. Buffalo rats were less susceptible than Lewis or Sprague-Dawley rats. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli LPS, and S. typhimurium Re mutant LPS, were also active. Re mutant LPS activity was greatly reduced by mixing with polymyxin B. E. coli lipid A was weakly active. An acute synovitis of much less incidence, severity, and duration was seen in contralateral joints injected initially with saline, and in ankle joints of naive, previously uninjected rats after intravenous LPS injection. The intravenous injection of the muramidase mutanolysin on day 0 or 7 after intraarticular PG-APS injection prevented LPS-induced recurrence of arthritis. These studies suggest that the phlogistic activities of lipid A and peptidoglycan might interact in an inflammatory disease process, and that LPS may play a role in recurrent episodes of rheumatoid arthritis or reactive arthritis.
OCR result optimization based on pattern matching (2007)

Post-processing of OCR is a bottleneck of the document image processing system. Proof reading is necessary since the current recognition rate is not enough for publishing. The OCR system provides every recognition result with a confident or unconfident label. People only need to check unconfident characters while the error rate of confident characters is low enough for publishing. However, the current algorithm marks too many unconfident characters, so optimization of OCR results is required. In this paper we propose an algorithm based on pattern matching to decrease the number of unconfident results. If an unconfident character matches a confident character well, its label could be changed into a confident one. Pattern matching makes use of original character images, so it could reduce the problem caused by image normalization and scanned noises. We introduce WXOR, WAN, and four-corner based pattern matching to improve the effect of matching, and introduce confidence analysis to reduce the errors of similar characters. Experimental results show that our algorithm achieves improvements of 54.18% in the first image set that contains 102,417 Chinese characters, and 49.85% in the second image set that contains 53,778 Chinese characters.
Integrated Continuous Time Filter (2001)

The state of the art of continuous-time filter design is reviewed, and several techniques are discussed andcompared in terms of simulated performance. Finally, this review emphasizes several problems in realizing high frequency continuous-time filter.
Altering gait by way of stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot: the immediate effect of wearing textured insoles in older fallers (2012)

A textured insole worn by older adults with a history of falls significantly lowers gait velocity, step length and stride length, suggesting that this population may not have an immediate benefit from this type of intervention. The effects of prolonged wear remain to be investigated.
Delay Analysis of Voice Call Handover between UMTS CS, UMTS PS and WLAN (2007)

In this paper, we analyze the handover delay performance of 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Voice Call Continuity (VCC). The result shows that the radio link is primary delay factor and network attachment procedure causes large proportion of latency. For worst case the handover delay can exceed 8 sec. Since this result is unacceptable, we need to optimized the handover process.
Service Mesh: Challenges, State of the Art, and Future Research Opportunities (2019)

While the technology development towards microservices can significantly improve the speed and agility of software service delivery, it also raises the operational complexity associated with modern applications. This has led to the emergence of Service Mesh, a promising approach to mitigate this situation by introducing a dedicated infrastructure layer over microservices without imposing modification on the service implementations. Aiming to inspire more practical research work in this exploited area, we in this paper present a comprehensive review on the state of the art of Service Mesh and discuss the related challenges and its adoption. Finally, we highlight the opportunities for future research in this subject.
A low-swing clock double-edge triggered flip-flop (2002)

A low-swing clock double-edge triggered flip-flop (LSDBF) is developed to reduce power consumption significantly compared to conventional FFs. LSDFF avoids unnecessary internal node transition and reduces conflicting currents. The overall power saving in flip-flop operation is estimated to be 30.2 to 50.8% with additional 78% power savings in a clock network.
Bradycardia and the Role of β-Blockade in the Amelioration of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (2000)

We conclude that institution of bradycardia is a major mechanism by which beta-blockers are effective for restoration of contractile function in a model of LV dysfunction.
Using NMR Metabolomics to Investigate Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle-dependent Signal Transduction in Staphylococcus epidermidis (2010)

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a skin-resident bacterium and a major cause of biomaterial-associated infections. The transition from residing on the skin to residing on an implanted biomaterial is accompanied by regulatory changes that facilitate bacterial survival in the new environment. These regulatory changes are dependent upon the ability of bacteria to "sense" environmental changes. In S. epidermidis, disparate environmental signals can affect synthesis of the biofilm matrix polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). Previously, we demonstrated that PIA biosynthesis is regulated by tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. The observations that very different environmental signals result in a common phenotype (i.e. increased PIA synthesis) and that TCA cycle activity regulates PIA biosynthesis led us to hypothesize that S. epidermidis is "sensing" disparate environmental signals through the modulation of TCA cycle activity. In this study, we used NMR metabolomics to demonstrate that divergent environmental signals are transduced into common metabolomic changes that are "sensed" by metabolite-responsive regulators, such as CcpA, to affect PIA biosynthesis. These data clarify one mechanism by which very different environmental signals cause common phenotypic changes. In addition, due to the frequency of the TCA cycle in diverse genera of bacteria and the intrinsic properties of TCA cycle enzymes, it is likely the TCA cycle acts as a signal transduction pathway in many bacteria.
Enterohaemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> gains a competitive advantage by using ethanolamine as a nitrogen source in the bovine intestinal content (2010)

The bovine gastrointestinal tract is the main reservoir for enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) responsible for food-borne infections. Characterization of nutrients that promote the carriage of these pathogens by the ruminant would help to develop ecological strategies to reduce their survival in the bovine gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we show for the first time that free ethanolamine (EA) constitutes a nitrogen source for the O157:H7 EHEC strain EDL933 in the bovine intestinal content because of induction of the eut (ethanolamine utilization) gene cluster. In contrast, the eut gene cluster is absent in the genome of most species constituting the mammalian gut microbiota. Furthermore, the eutB gene (encoding a subunit of the enzyme that catalyses the release of ammonia from EA) is poorly expressed in non-pathogenic E. coli. Accordingly, EA is consumed by EHEC but is poorly metabolized by endogenous microbiota of the bovine small intestine, including commensal E. coli. Interestingly, the capacity to utilize EA as a nitrogen source confers a growth advantage to E. coli O157:H7 when the bacteria enter the stationary growth phase. These data demonstrate that EHEC strains take advantage of a nitrogen source that is not consumed by the resident microbiota, and suggest that EA represents an ecological niche favouring EHEC persistence in the bovine intestine.