gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Silicate Zeolite Analogues Using Organic Sulfonium Compounds as Structure‐Directing Agents (2015)

Abstract A microporous crystalline silica zeolite of the MEL structure type and three other zeolite analogues composed of germanosilicate frameworks were synthesized using tributylsulfonium, triphenylsulfonium, or tri( para ‐tolyl)sulfonium as the structure‐directing agent. The germanosilicates thus obtained had ISV, ITT, or a new zeolite structure depending on the synthesis conditions. The structure of the new germanosilicate was solved using X‐ray powder diffraction data with the aid of a charge‐flipping method. The solution indicated a crystal structure belonging to the P 63/ mmc space group with cell parameters of a =16.2003 Å and c =21.8579 Å. After calcination, the new germanosilicate material exhibited two types of accessible micropores with diameters of 0.61 and 0.78 nm.
Apoptosis in Skeletal Myocytes: A Potential Target for Interventions against Sarcopenia and Physical Frailty – A Mini-Review (2011)

Available evidence suggests that targeting myonuclear apoptosis might provide novel and effective therapeutic tools to combat sarcopenia. Further research is required to definitely establish if downregulating myonuclear apoptosis is effective in maintaining muscle mass and function in late life, identify the most relevant apoptotic pathway(s) to target, and determine the optimal timing for intervening.
Synthesis, Kinetics, and Structural Studies of a Photolabile Caged Isocitrate:  A Catalytic Trigger for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (1996)

A biologically inactive photolabile derivative of isocitrate has been synthesized and characterized. The caged isocitrate is photolyzed to isocitrate with a rate constant of 234 s-1, a half-life of 3 ms, and a quantum yield of 0.3 at pH = 6.4. Caged isocitrate (1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl 1-hydroxy-1,2-dicarboxy-3- propanecarboxylate) was synthesized in a straightforward synthetic manner starting with racemic isocitric acid lactone. Laser pulse photolysis at a wavelength of 355 nm was used to determine the rate of photolysis and the quantum yield and to quantify the amount of energy needed for quantitative conversion of the caged isocitrate to free isocitrate. Enzymatic conversion of the liberated isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate was achieved in solution as well as in wild-type and mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) protein crystals. The X-ray crystal structures of wild-type IDH soaked with photolabile caged isocitrate and Mg2+ and void of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate were solved at 2.5 A resolution before and after photolysis and compared by difference mapping against previously determined enzyme structures. Prior to photolysis the enzyme active site contains a low occupancy of bound free Mg2+ in the metal binding site but no observable bound isocitrate, whereas after photolysis the enzyme is complexed to liberated isocitrate and Mg2+ with binding interactions identical to those of previously determined substrate complexes. Single-crystal spectroscopy of the crystals after flash photolysis in the presence of substrates shows production of bound enzyme-substrate complexes and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate induced by the photolytic event.
The Universal Character of the Tumor-Associated Antigen Survivin (2007)

Survivin is expressed in most human neoplasms, but is absent in normal, differentiated tissues. Survivin is a bifunctional inhibitor of apoptosis protein that has been implicated in protection from apoptosis and regulation of mitosis. Several clinical trials targeting survivin with a collection of different approaches from small molecule antagonists to immunotherapy are currently under way. With regard to the latter, spontaneous anti-survivin T-cell reactivity has been described in cancer patients suffering from a huge range of cancers of different origin, e.g., breast and colon cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, and melanoma. Thus, survivin may serve as a universal target antigen for anticancer immunotherapy. Accordingly, down-regulation of survivin as a means of immune escape would severely inflict the survival capacity of tumor cells, which highlights this protein as a prime target candidate for therapeutic vaccinations against cancer. Data from several ongoing phase I/II trials targeting survivin for patients with advanced cancer will provide further information about this idea.
Enumeration of Viable <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Cells by Real-Time PCR with Propidium Monoazide and Ethidium Monoazide in the Presence of Dead Cells (2007)

Propidium monoazide (PMA) and ethidium monoazide were used for enumeration of viable Listeria monocytogenes cells in the presence of dead cells. PMA had no antimicrobial effect on L. monocytogenes. Viable cell counts were linearly related to real-time PCR threshold cycle values for PMA-treated cells from planktonic and biofilm sources over a 4-log range.
Outdoor units for Ka/Ku-band satellite interactive terminals (2002)

This paper describes the main features and components of a class of OutDoor Units (ODUs) for user terminals for interactive data communications as well as for TV reception via the new 12/30 GHz ASTRA satellite launched last year, and future satellites with similar parameters. The first prototypes of these units were first reported at the 5/sup th/ Ka-band Utilisation Conference in Taormina, Italy (1999). Since then, the units underwent further redesign and are now in regular production. The ODUs use block conversion from S-band (2.5-3 GHz) for the transmitter and to standard L-band (0.95-2.15 GHz) for the receiver, and interface with an Indoor Unit (IDU) with the the corresponding S/L modem. Their EIRP, G/T and purity allow transmitting at data rates from 144 kb/s to about 2 Mb/s using the above satellites, with sufficient margin, and reception of signals with high data rates (such as 40 Mb/s or even higher). Three ODUs with different Tx power levels and antenna sizes have been designed to cover the above range of data rates. The configuration, main characteristics and technology of the ODUs are described and their performance data reported in this paper.
Brownian Ratchets: Molecular Separations in Lipid Bilayers Supported on Patterned Arrays (1999)

Brownian ratchets use a time-varying asymmetric potential that can be applied to separate diffusing particles or molecules. A new type of Brownian ratchet, a geometrical Brownian ratchet, has been realized. Charged, fluorescently labeled phospholipids in a two-dimensional fluid bilayer were driven in one direction by an electric field through a two-dimensional periodic array of asymmetric barriers to lateral diffusion fabricated from titanium oxide on silica. Diffusion spreads the phospholipid molecules in the orthogonal direction, and the asymmetric barriers rectify the Brownian motion, causing a directional transport of molecules. The geometrical ratchet can be used as a continuous molecular sieve to separate mixtures of membrane-associated molecules that differ in electrophoretic mobility and diffusion coefficient.
Liquid Separation by Membrane Pervaporation:  A Review (1997)

Pervaporation is one of the most active areas in membrane research, and the pervaporation process has been shown to be an indispensable component for chemical separations. In this paper, the recent development in pervaporation membranes and pervaporation processes is reviewed, and some outstanding questions involved in membrane pervaporation are discussed with emphasis on the following issues: mass transport in the membrane, membrane material selection, concentration polarization in the boundary layer, pressure buildup in hollow fiber membranes, asymmetric and composite membranes, and the activation energy for permeation. We attempt to provide insight into this dynamic field and to highlight some of the outstanding problems yet to be solved or clarified.
Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α is mediated by an O <sub>2</sub> -dependent degradation domain via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (1998)

Hypoxia induces a group of physiologically important genes such as erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor. These genes are transcriptionally up-regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a global regulator that belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix PAS family. Although HIF-1 is a heterodimer composed of alpha and beta subunits, its activity is primarily determined by hypoxia-induced stabilization of HIF-1alpha, which is otherwise rapidly degraded in oxygenated cells. We report the identification of an oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain within HIF-1alpha that controls its degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The ODD domain consists of approximately 200 amino acid residues, located in the central region of HIF-1alpha. Because portions of the domain independently confer degradation of HIF-1alpha, deletion of this entire region is required to give rise to a stable HIF-1alpha, capable of heterodimerization, DNA-binding, and transactivation in the absence of hypoxic signaling. Conversely, the ODD domain alone confers oxygen-dependent instability when fused to a stable protein, Gal4. Hence, the ODD domain plays a pivotal role for regulating HIF-1 activity and thereby may provide a means of controlling gene expression by changes in oxygen tension.
Multilayered Nanoparticles for Controlled Release of Paclitaxel Formed by Near-Critical Micellization of Triblock Copolymers (2012)

Near-critical micellization (NCM), allowing for precise pressure-tuned control of sequential block collapse and micelle formation, can be synchronized with cancer-drug encapsulation with virtually no drug losses. NCM is demonstrated to produce benign, stable nanoparticles made of PEG-b-PLLA-b-PCL triblock copolymers that are not only solvent-free and paclitaxel-rich, which reduces the body exposure to the excipients, but also nearly burst-release-free, which reduces if not eliminates its toxic side effects while enhancing its therapeutic efficacy.
Stability and bioavailability of nifedipine in fine granules. (1982)

In order to develop preparations of nifedipine with good bioavailability and stability, especially in relation to humidity, various fine granules were prepared by coating lactose surfaces with a dispersion system of nifedipine and water-soluble polymer. The system using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) showed good dissolution properties and bioavailability of nifedipine. It was found that nifedipine in these preparations was chemically stable for 3 months at 75% relative humidity and 40°C. An X-ray diffraction study suggested that nifedipine was present in its amorphous form in the preparations using HPMC or PVP. Amorphous nifedipine in fine granules using HPMC was found to be stable under humid conditions, although crystallization occurred in the granules using PVP. The fine granules using HPMC and PVP both showed good bioavailabilities after oral administrations in dogs, and no significant difference was observed in bioavailability parameters between the fine granules using HPMC and PVP. Preparation of fine granules using HPMC may be a useful means to improve the bioavailabilities and stabilities of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Recombinant CD4-selected human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with reduced gp120 affinity for CD4 and increased cell fusion capacity (1991)

Variants of molecularly cloned human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were analyzed following selection for the ability to replicate after exposure to soluble, recombinant CD4 protein (rCD4). Two variants, 4/1 and 16/2, show 8-fold and 16-fold reduced sensitivity to rCD4 neutralization yet remain as sensitive as the parental wild-type (wt) virus to neutralization by rCD4-immunoglobulin G (IgG) chimeric molecules and to inhibition of cellular infection by anti-CD4 antibody. The 4/1 variant is more cytopathic, with faster cell fusion and replication kinetics than the wt virus. The gp120s derived from the 4/1 and 16/2 variants have 3-fold and 30-fold reduced binding affinities to rCD4, respectively. The 4/1 variant exhibits diminished shedding of virion gp120 induced by rCD4. The binding of and neutralization by V3 loop antibodies and other anti-gp120 antibodies is reduced for 4/1 but not for 16/2. Sequence analysis revealed a codon change at amino acid residue 435 in the C4 region of the gp120 of 16/2. This accounts for its rCD4 insensitivity, since the insertion of this mutation in the wt gp120 yields the same phenotype. The 4/1 variant has a codon change in the V3 region of gp120 (amino acid 311), which accounts for its reduced sensitivity to some neutralizing antibodies but not to rCD4. The ready selection of rCD4-resistant variants has obvious relevance for rCD4-based therapeutic stratagems.
A 57.5–90.1-GHz Magnetically Tuned Multimode CMOS VCO (2013)

This paper presents a magnetically tuned (MT) multimode VCO featuring an ultrawide frequency tuning range. A switched-triple-shielded transformer is proposed to change the magnetic coupling coefficient between the primary and secondary coils in the transformer tank to greatly increase the frequency tuning range of the dual-band VCO to cover the whole E-band continuously. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, the MT-VCO measures a frequency tuning range of 41.1% from 57.5 to 90.1 GHz while consuming 7 to 9 mA at 1.2-V supply with chip area of 0.03 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measured phase noises at 10-MHz offset from carrier frequencies of 58, 72.2, 80.5, and 90.1 GHz, are -107.4, -111.8, -107.8, and -105.1 dBc/Hz, respectively, which correspond to FOMT between -184.2 and -192.2 dBc/Hz.
Induction of premature senescence in cardiomyocytes by doxorubicin as a novel mechanism of myocardial damage (2007)

Cellular senescence is an important phenomenon in decreased cellular function. Recently, it was shown that cellular senescence is induced in proliferating cells within a short period of time by oxidative stresses. This phenomenon is known as premature senescence. However, it is still unknown whether premature senescence can be also induced in cardiomyocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a senescence-like phenotype can be induced in cardiomyocytes by oxidative stress. In cardiomyocytes obtained from aged rats (24 months of age), the staining for senescence-associated beta-galactosidase increased significantly and the protein or RNA levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors increased compared to those of young rats. Decreased cardiac troponin I phosphorylation and telomerase activity were also observed in aged cardiomyocytes. Treatment of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with a low concentration of doxorubicin (DOX) (10(-7) mol L(-1)) did not induce apoptosis but did induce oxidative stress, which was confirmed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining. In DOX-treated neonatal cardiomyocytes, increased positive staining for senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, cdk-I expression, decreased cardiac troponin I phosphorylation, and decreased telomerase activity were observed, as aged cardiomyocytes. Alterations in mRNA expression typically seen in aged cells were observed in DOX-treated neonatal cardiomyocytes. We also found that promyelocytic leukemia protein and acetylated p53, key proteins involved in stress-induced premature senescence in proliferating cells, were associated with cellular alterations of senescence in DOX-treated cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, cardiomyocytes treated with DOX showed characteristic changes similar to cardiomyocytes of aged rats. promyelocytic leukemia-related p53 acetylation may be an underlying mechanism of senescence-like alterations in cardiomyocytes. These findings indicate a novel mechanism of myocardial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress.
ENCODING TECHNIQUES FOR POOL LIBRARIES OF SMALL ORGANIC MOLECULES* (2001)

This review covers encoding techniques for small-organic-molecule pool libraries, one of the most challenging and powerful techniques in combinatorial chemistry. A short introduction to illustrate ...
Crevice Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel in Seawater and Related Environments (1984)

Numerous metallurgical, environmental, and geometric factors affect crevice corrosion. Mathematical modeling is used to describe the effects of chloride content of the bulk environment and crevice geometry factors on the predicted time to breakdown of passivity for AISI 304 and 316 stainless steels. Results of multiple crevice assembly testing in full strength and diluted seawater environments at 35 C are also discussed.
Pareto Governors for Energy-Optimal Computing (2017)

The original definition of energy-proportional computing does not characterize the energy efficiency of recent reconfigurable computers, resulting in nonintuitive “super-proportional” behavior. This article introduces a new definition of ideal energy-proportional computing, new metrics to quantify computational energy waste, and new SLA-aware OS governors that seek Pareto optimality to achieve power-efficient performance.
Volume change in the cure of low profile unsaturated polyester resins (1990)

Interactions of reaction, gelation, microstructure formation and volume changes were studied for an unsaturated polyester resin with and without low profile additives. A dilatometer was designed and built to monitor the volume change. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to estimate the conversion in the dilatometer, while SEM and TEM were used to follow microstructure formation and a rheometer was used to follow resin gelation. A conceptual model was presented to explain the results.
Identification of unusual amino acids in peptides using automated sequential Edman degradation coupled to direct detection by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (1999)

The determination of the primary structure of peptides and proteins is routine in many laboratories; however, many of the obtained sequences are incomplete or can be misinterpreted when the samples contain unusual amino acids. Here we report the development of an automated peptide sequenator coupled to an electrospray-ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer (MS) that, in conjunction with minor modifications to the sequencing conditions and, in some cases, prior derivatization of amino acids, allows the detection of the phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) derivatives of a number of unusual amino acids. Using the coupled sequenator-ESI-MS system we were able to determine the complete sequence of the lantibiotic gallidermin, a partial sequence of the calcium-dependent peptide antibiotic CDA2 as well as the pool sequence of a mixture of synthetic peptides containing nonproteinogenic amino acids. In addition to the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, the procedure was able to detect PTH derivatives of hydroxyphenylglycine, 2,3-didehydroasparagine, 3-methylglutamic acid, oxytryptophan, ornithine, N-methylglycine, dihydroxyphenylalanine, and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. Similarly, after a simple derivatization procedure, we were also able to correctly identify educts of 2,3-didehydroalanine, 2,3-didehydrobutyrine, lanthionine, and 3-methyllanthionine.
ELECTRIC POWER USE AND BREAST CANCER: A HYPOTHESIS (1987)

Journal Article ELECTRIC POWER USE AND BREAST CANCER: A HYPOTHESIS Get access RICHARD G. STEVENS RICHARD G. STEVENS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 125, Issue 4, April 1987, Pages 556–561, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114569 Published: 01 April 1987
Design of a Resilient and Customizable Routing Architecture (2007)

In today's Internet routing architecture, end-to-end paths are selected based on the complex interaction of several protocols. While these protocols operate at different levels, some within autonomous systems (ASes) and some across autonomous systems, all of them aim to provide customizability (e.g. traffic engineering within an AS or route choice across ASes), and resilience to failures of links and nodes. However, today's Internet's routing falls short of both these goals. Customization across ASes is at best indirect and is often achieved by tweaking knobs in BGP, the inter-domain routing protocol. Furthermore, the complexity of providing flexible routing makes failure recovery hard even with a single domain. In this thesis, we propose an alternate routing architecture that decouples the goals of providing customizability and resilience. We propose a routing protocol based on a technique called Failure-Carrying Packets (FCP) that provides basic connectivity between hosts in the face of link failures. Sophisticated routing protocols, tuned to various specific needs, can be layered on top of FCP. We argue that such sophisticated routing should be provided as a service by third-party providers, and design a architecture in which such routing service provides can contract with ISPs and provide specialized routes to customers. We present the design and implementation of both the underlying routing protocol (FCP), as well as the architecture for providing routing as a service
3GPP LTE traffic offloading onto WiFi Direct (2013)

Mobile network operators are struggling to handle the rapidly increasing amounts of data traffic on their networks. As a result, 3GPP is currently investigating possible scenarios for device-to-device (D2D) offloading in LTE networks. However, it remains unclear what kinds of gains can be expected from in-band D2D solutions. By comparison, the already available WiFi Direct D2D technology enables offloading onto unlicensed bands at data rates generally higher than infrastructure cellular links. In this paper <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , we study the performance of WiFi Direct as a prominent technology for D2D communications in urban environments. We also discuss some of the potential performance gains for WiFi Direct communications in the presence of 3GPP LTE network-level management. Our extensive simulation study of LTE traffic offloading onto WiFi Direct covers a range of D2D loads and interference levels. We focus on the case where the D2D overlay network is assisted by the cellular infrastructure network; or more specifically, where the cellular network supplies its clients with service discovery information to facilitate the establishment of D2D sessions.
Rapid Screening of DNA–Ligand Complexes via 2D-IR Spectroscopy and ANOVA–PCA (2018)

Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D-IR) is well established as a specialized, high-end technique for measuring structural and solvation dynamics of biological molecules. Recent technological developments now make it possible to acquire time-resolved 2D-IR spectra within seconds, and this opens up the possibility of screening-type applications comparing spectra spanning multiple samples. However, such applications bring new challenges associated with finding accurate, efficient methodologies to analyze large data sets in a timely, informative manner. Here, we demonstrate such an application by screening 2016 2D-IR spectra of 12 double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides obtained in the presence and absence of binding therapeutic molecule Hoechst 33258. By applying analysis of variance combined with principal component analysis (ANOVA-PCA) to 2D-IR data for the first time, we demonstrate the ability to efficiently retrieve the base composition of a DNA sequence and discriminate ligand-DNA complexes from unbound sequences. We further show accurate differentiation of the induced-fit and rigid-body binding modes that is key to identifying optimal binding interactions of Hoechst 33258, while ANOVA-PCA results across the full sequence range correlate directly with thermodynamic indicators of ligand-binding strength that require significantly longer data acquisition times to obtain.
XXXVII.—Researches on the constitution of azo- and diazo-derivatives. III. Compounds of the naphthalene β-series (1888)

R. Meldola and F. J. East, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1888, 53, 460 DOI: 10.1039/CT8885300460