gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMPACT OMNI-DIRECTIONAL PATCH ANTENNA FOR S-BAND FREQUENCY SPECTRA (2013)

This paper presents a novel design of a microstrip patch antenna with compact nature and the study of various antenna parameters to suit the applications such as WiMax operating in the frequency range of 3.3 – 3.5 GHz and in other applications like fixed satellite services, maritime mobile services etc. covering 2- 4 GHz of S-band frequency spectra. It is experimental observed that by placing stubs on the patch with air filled dielectric medium, the resonant frequency of the antenna can be lowered by a considerable amount resulting in compactness. Proposed antenna can be used as a compact antenna system where limited size is a requirement. Measurement results showed the satisfactory performance over S-band frequency spectra with the improved antenna parameters. Details of the antenna design procedure and results are discussed and presented.
Experimental Arterial Thrombosis in Rats with Continuous Registration (1971)

Summary The author describes a method of experimental arterial thrombosis in rats suitable for testing drugs with suggested antithrombotic effects. The thrombosis was provoked by electric current in the carotid artery and continuously registered by a contact thermometer.
Characterization of a membrane permeation system for controlled drug delivery studies (1985)

Abstract Hydrodynamic characteristics of an in vitro membrane permeation system for controlled drug delivery studies were investigated by measuring dissolution rates of benzoic acid in various aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol 400. The mass transfer coefficient was well correlated in terms of three dimensionless numbers: Sherwood, Schmidt, and Reynolds numbers. By using the correlation equation, the intrinsic permeation rate of testosterone through silicone membranes was precisely extracted from the experimental data obtained under various nonideal flow conditions.
Breakpoints and breakpoint detection in source level emulation (1996)

In this paper we discuss, what breakpoints in source level emulation are, how we can work with them and how we have to change in the circuit generated by high level synthesis to do so. We show the details of breakpoint encoding and detection in our approach. The presented approach allows for breakpoint detection by hardware means without seriously slowing down the circuit or dramatically increasing its size.
The Manufacture of Spherical WC Powder in Plasma (2013)

The manufacture technology of spherical WC powder has been studied by using of induction plasma. We can get spherical powder above 85% in the powder through changing several parameters. And the hall flow-ability, the oxygen content , particle size of powder before and after plasma treatment have been compared. The results were shown that oxygen contents was deduced markedly, and the plasma method can control the particle size easily.
In vitro proliferation and cloning of CD3- CD16+ cells from human thymocyte precursors. (1991)

Purified CD3-4- thymocytes were obtained by depletion of CD3+ and CD4+ cells from fresh thymocyte suspensions. 5-15% of these cells were found to express CD16 antigen, while other natural killer (NK) cell markers were virtually absent. Double fluorescence analysis revealed that 20-40% of thymic CD16+ cells coexpressed CD1, while approximately half were cyCD3+. When cultured in the presence of peripheral blood lymphocytes and H9 leukemia cell line as a source of irradiated feeder cells and interleukin 2 (IL-2), CD3-4- thymocytes underwent extensive proliferation. In addition, after 1-2 wk of culture, 30-50% of these cells were found to express CD16 surface antigen. Cloning under limiting dilution conditions of either CD3-4- or CD3-4-16- thymocytes in the presence of irradiated H9 cells resulted in large proportions (approximately 50%) of CD16+ clones. On the basis of the expression of surface CD16 and/or cyCD3 antigen, clones could be grouped in the following subsets: CD16+ cyCD3+; CD16+ cyCD3-; CD16- cyCD3+; and CD16- cyCD3-. All clones expressed CD56 surface antigen, displayed a strong cytolytic activity against NK sensitive (K562) and NK-resistant (M14) target cells, and produced IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor, but not IL-2. Similar to peripheral NK cells, thymic CD16+ cells expressed transcripts for CD16 and for CD3 epsilon (Biassoni, R., S. Ferrini, I. Prigione, A. Moretta, and E.O. Long, 1988. J. Immunol. 140:1685.) and zeta chains (Anderson, P., M. Caligiuri, J. Ritz, and S.F. Schlossman. 1989. Nature [Lond.]. 341:159). Therefore, it appears that cells that are phenotypically and functionally similar to CD3- CD16+ NK cells may arise from immature thymocytes.
p53 Mutations and hepatitis B virus: Cofactors in hepatocellular carcinoma (1995)

We studied 80 hepatocellular carcinomas from three continents for p53 gene (TP53) mutations and hepatitis B virus (HBV) sequences. p53 mutations were frequent in tumors from Mozambique but not in tumors from South Africa, China, and Germany. Independent of geographic origin, most tumors were positive for HBV sequences. X gene coding sequences of HBV were detected in 78% of tumors, whereas viral sequences in the surface antigen- and core antigen-encoding regions were present in less than 45% of tumors. These observations indicate that hepatocellular carcinomas are genetically heterogeneous. Mozambican-type of hepatocellular carcinomas are characterized by a high incidence of p53 mutations related to aflatoxins. In other tumors, the rarity of p53 mutations combined with the frequent presence of viral X gene coding sequences suggests a possible interference of HBV with the wild-type p53 function.
Odour and ﬂavour thresholds for key aroma components in an orange juice matrix: terpenes and aldehydes (2004)

Abstract Thresholds for ﬂavour volatiles have been traditionally calculated in water or air, but they may vary widely in more complex matrices. Thresholds of key aroma compounds of orange juice (OJ) were determined in a deodorized OJ matrix. The three‐alternative‐forced‐choice (3‐AFC) method was used (ASTM: E‐679). Untrained panelists, 33–58 in number, were presented with deodorized orange juice samples arranged in ﬁve rows of three samples, corresponding to ﬁve spiking levels, each separated by a factor of 3, with a 3‐AFC presentation at each level. The test was repeated at least three times for experienced panelists. Odour thresholds in the orange juice matrix were 15 times (citral, hexanal) to over 200 times ( β ‐pinene, limonene) higher than published values in water. Retronasal odour thresholds were more consistent with published values, being higher only by 2–60‐fold, except for octanal which was higher by 187‐fold. These results will provide the industry with more realistic threshold guidelines for use in ﬂavouring citrus juices. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen diffusion in rutile from 750 to 1000 degrees C and 0.1 to 1000 MPa (1998)

Oxygen self-diffusion in rutile was studied in synthetic and natural samples over the temperature range 750 to 1000 ℃and the pressure range 0.1 to 1000 MPa using an 18O- enriched source. Most experiments investigated the dependence of D on temperature, water pressure, crystallographic direction, and experiment duration. A few experiments investi­gated the dependence of D on fO₂, and confining pressure. The uptake profiles of 18O in experimental products were measured by nuclear reaction analysis using the reaction 18O(ρ, α)15N.
Perturbation of Protease Inhibitors and Substrates in Inflammatory Arthritis (1985)

Defective systemic fibrinolysis and articular persistence of fibrinlike material are well recognized in RA. Perturbation of the major plasma protease inhibitors, A1AT, A2MG, and AT III, was explored in RA, psoriatic arthritis, and Reiter's syndrome. Experimental evidence is presented and assessed with respect to the potential role of serine esterases and their inhibitors in the pathophysiology of inflammatory arthritis.
Service Restoration Methodology for Multiple Fault Case in Distribution Systems (2006)

Current KEPCO's distribution automation system (DAS) provides a very effective restoration solution for the single fault case but cannot handle multiple faults. This paper proposes a two-step restoration scheme-sequential and simultaneous restoration-for multiple fault cases. Efficiency has been achieved by introduction of restoration performance index (RPI) and load-balancing algorithm. Test results to show effectiveness of the proposed scheme are presented, and field experience of DAS in Korea is described as well
Functional differences among the spike glycoproteins of multiple emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants of concern (2021)

We compared the functional properties of spike (S) glycoproteins from the original SARS-CoV-2 strain (D614) (Wuhan, China), the globally dominant D614G strain, and emerging geographic variants: B.1.1.7 (United Kingdom), B.1.351 (South Africa), P.1 (Brazil), and B.1.1.248 (Brazil/Japan). Compared with D614G, the emerging variants exhibited an increased affinity for the receptor, ACE2, and increased ability to infect cells with low ACE2 levels. All variants lost infectivity similarly at room temperature and 37°C; however, in the cold, B.1.1.7 was more stable, and P.1 and B.1.1.248 were less stable. Shedding of the S1 glycoprotein from the S contributed to virus inactivation in the cold. B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.1.248 were neutralized by convalescent and vaccinee sera less efficiently than the other variants. S glycoprotein properties such as requirements for ACE2 levels on the target cell, functional stability in the cold, and resistance to host neutralizing antibodies potentially contribute to the outgrowth of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Discussion on the influencing factors of innovative talents cultivation from the perspective of educational ecosystem at home and aboard (2012)

Cultivating innovative talents is a systemic project,which is influenced by educational ecosystem.The comparison with educational ecosystems of developed countries shows that there are lots of factors affect the cultivating innovative talents in China including the internal factors of education system as well as family and social factors.

Key words: 
University; Innovative talents ; Influencing factors ; Educational ecosystem
Resampling Algorithms for Image Resizing and Rotation (1989)

Resampling an image will be described as a low-pass filtering operation followed by sampling to a new coordinate system. To determine the interpolation function that gives the most visually appealing images, a comparison of common kernels is made. Linear, cubic, and windowed sinc functions are compared in terms of frequency response and with prints of images resized using separable extensions of these functions. While the windowed sinc gives the best approximation to an ideal low-pass filter, using this kernel results in objectionable ringing and jaggedness around edges in the image. Cubic interpolation is shown to provide the best compromise between image sharpness and these edge artifacts. For image rotation, and resizing by an arbitrary factor, the filter coefficients (samples of the interpolation function) need to be computed for each pixel of the new image. Alternatively, significant computation can be saved by dividing the distance between pixels of the original image into a number of intervals and precomputing a set of coefficients for each interval. Each new pixel is then computed by finding the interval in which it falls and using the corresponding set of coefficients. An analysis of the errors introduced with this resampling method is presented. This analysis shows the number of intervals required to produce high-quality resampled images.
Pyrolytic Sugars from Cellulosic Biomass (2012)

Depolymerization of cellulose offers the prospect of inexpensive sugars from biomass. Breaking the glycosidic bonds of cellulose to liberate glucose has usually been pursued by acid or enzymatic hydrolysis although a purely thermal depolymerization route to sugars is also possible. Fast pyrolysis of pure cellulose yields primarily the anhydrosugar levoglucosan (LG) whereas the presence of naturally occurring alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in biomass strongly catalyzes ring-breaking reactions that favor formation of light oxygenates. Here, we show a method of significantly increasing the yield of sugars from biomass by purely thermal means through infusion of certain mineral acids (phosphoric and sulfuric acid) into the biomass to convert the AAEMs into thermally stable salts (particularly potassium sulfates and phosphates). These salts not only passivate AAEMs that normally catalyze fragmentation of pyranose rings, but also buffer the system at pH levels that favor glycosidic bond breakage. It appears that AAEM passivation contributes to 80 % of the enhancement in LG yield while the buffering effect of the acid salts contributes to the balance of the enhancement.
The complete idiot's guide to Yahoo! (2000)

The Complete Idiot's Guide to Yahoo! covers all content and services for the fastest growing site on the Internet. Explore the capabilities of this global phenomenon by learning basic navigation and operation, searching for information, email, chat, personal calendar/scheduling, and much more. See the hotest spots for news, sports, weather, finance, children's information, Auctions, classified ads, personals, online shopping, and much more. You'll also see how easy it is to build a personal home page with GeoCities, create and send greeting cards, reconcile your checkbook balance, decorate your Windows desktop, and find ways to make your PC run faster.
Hybrid-WSI: a massively parallel computing technology? (1993)

It is argued that although it is not yet clear which of the two wafer scale integration (WSI) forms, monolithic or hybrid, will gain the lead to an enabling technology for second-generation massively parallel computers (MPCs), there are noticeably more backers for hybrid-WSI. The application requirements, implementation problems, and engineering issues of MPCs are discussed. In particular, the associative string processor (ASP) modules, which comprise building blocks for second-generation MPC configurations, are described. The progress reported in developing ASP modules is quantitatively extrapolated to other MPC implementations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-aligned double-patterning (SADP) friendly detailed routing (2011)

Amongst the possible double patterning strategies for sub 32nm processes, self-aligned double patterning (SADP) has moved from Flash-only processes to more general purpose devices. The reason is that while litho-etch- litho-etc (LELE) process was originally preferred due to its simplicity and relative low cost, its sensitivity to overlay error has prompted the search for other methods. Although the basic SADP process is fairly robust against the overlay error, the robustness of 2D SADP method strongly depends on layout and decomposition styles and decomposability compliance. In this paper, we first discuss different printability challenges for SADP method. Afterward, we propose a SADP-aware detailed routing method, by applying a correct-by-construction approach, to provide SADP-friendly layouts. This method performs detailed routing and layout decomposition concurrently to prevent litho-limited layout configurations. Experimental results show that, compared with a SADP-blind detailed router, the proposed method achieves considerable robustness against lithography imperfection in expense of tolerable wire length overhead.
High-power pulsewidth controlled current source GTO inverter for high switching frequency (2002)

High-power GTO inverters require regenerative snubbers to ensure operation at predefined values of di/dt and du/dt. The use of regenerative snubbers for voltage source inverters is a well established technology. However, the proliferation of high-power PWM current source inverters is impeded by the nonavailability of an appropriate regenerative snubber scheme. The paper proposes a regenerative snubber for current source GTO inverters and reports experimental results of a 1.2 MVA prototype inverter. Energy recovery from the snubbers enables operation at extreme high switching frequency of 1 kHz and reduces the total filter kVA from 70% to 20% of the inverter power.
Children and young people in the digital age: What do EPs need to know? Reflections on the UCL Leading Edge Day (2019)

The UCL Leading Edge Day 2018 focused on ‘Children and young people in the digital age’. Over the course of the day three main themes emerged that can be considered relevant for educational psychologists (EPs) in Scotland: movement into the digital age; socialising online and resilience theory; and listening to children. The current article provides a description of these themes alongside reflections on their implications for educational psychology practice.
An Application of the Phase-inversion-temperature Method to the Emulsification of Cosmetics. I. Factors Affecting the Phase-inversion Temperature (1970)

Abstract Recently, the PIT (phase-inversion-temperature) system was originated and developed by Shinoda and his collaborators as a guide to surfactant selection. In order to apply the PIT system to the cosmetic field, the effects of various factors on the PIT have been reinvestigated using cosmetic materials. POE alkyl ethers, whose distribution of EO chain lengths is broad, are widely used in cosmetics. In such a case, the effect of the distribution of the EO chain lengths is important. When a surfactant with a distribution of EO chain lengths was used, the PIT was lowered by an increase in the concentration of the surfactant, but when a monodisperse surfactant without any distribution was used, the PIT scarcely varied with the concentration of the surfactant. In the case of the surfactant with a distribution of EO chain lengths, however, if the ratio of oil to surfactant was kept constant, the PIT scarcely varied with the ratio of oil phase to water phase. This relationship can be used in estimating the PIT in the case of the practical production of an emulsion.
Superstrate-type CuInSe/sub 2/ thin film solar cells with selenide buffer layers (1996)

Superstrate-type solar cells with a Au/CuInSe/sub 2//In/sub x/Se/sub y//ZnO:Al/glass structure were investigated. The CuInSe/sub 2/ (CIS) films were deposited using the coevaporation method with Na/sub 2/Se at 350/spl deg/C. Even at relatively low substrate temperatures, the use of the sodium compound enhanced the (112) orientation of the chalcopyrite structure and also improved the cell performance. After CIS deposition the In/sub x/Se/sub y/ layers disappeared and were converted into In-rich CIS layers through interdiffusion. A preliminary cell yielded an efficiency of 5.1% after light soaking under forward bias.
Mechanical Strain Differentially Regulates Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase and Receptor Activator of Nuclear κB Ligand Expression via ERK1/2 MAPK (2003)

Exercise promotes positive bone remodeling through controlling cellular processes in bone. Nitric oxide (NO), generated from endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS), prevents resorption, whereas receptor activator of nuclear kappa B ligand (RANKL) promotes resorption through regulating osteoclast activity. Here we show that mechanical strain differentially regulates eNOS and RANKL expression from osteoprogenitor stromal cells in a magnitude-dependent fashion. Strain (0.25-2%) induction of eNOS expression was magnitude-dependent, reaching a plateau at 218 +/- 36% of control eNOS. This was accompanied by increases in eNOS protein and a doubling of NO production. Concurrently, 0.25% strain inhibited RANKL expression with increasing response up to 1% strain (44 +/- 3% of control RANKL). These differential responses to mechanical input were blocked when an ERK1/2 inhibitor was present during strain application. Inhibition of NO generation did not prevent strain-activated ERK1/2. To confirm the role of ERK1/2, cells were treated with an adenovirus encoding a constitutively activated MEK; Ad.caMEK significantly increased eNOS expression and NO production by more than 4-fold and decreased RANKL expression by half. In contrast, inhibition of strain-activated c-Jun kinase failed to prevent strain effects on either eNOS or RANKL. Our data suggest that physiologic levels of mechanical strain utilize ERK1/2 kinase to coordinately regulate eNOS and RANKL in a manner leading to positive bone remodeling.
Photo-Triggering of the Membrane Gates in Photo-Responsive Polymer for Drug Release (2005)

The use of light stimulus for triggering drug is a promising method for accurate drug delivery. A new approach using azopolymer membrane and laser holography was investigated for developing light-triggering drug delivery system. Polymeric drug delivery system was prepared by covering azopolymer membrane on a drug agent. Holographic laser interference generated surface relief grating pattern on the azopolymer surface. The widths and depths of gates on the polymer membrane were easily modified by adjusting incident angle and irradiation time. Ar laser made the polymeric membrane permeable to the drug agent and release it in a solution. This result indicated that the azopolymer and laser holography would provide a strong foundation for the light-triggering drug delivery system.
Human based genetic algorithm (2002)

A new class of genetic algorithms (GA) is presented. It is based on the idea of outsourcing, a popular trend in business. In a human based genetic algorithm (HBGA), all primary genetic operators are outsourced, i.e. delegated to external human agents. A totally outsourced genetic algorithm uses both human evaluation and the human ability of innovation. It is a multi-agent environment and the mediator of communication between multiple heterogenous agents. The advantage of this approach is its ability to address complex problems for which it is hard, not only to evaluate individuals, but to find a good representation for them. These qualities allow HBGA to process flows of information without knowledge of its particular structure and representation. The suggested conceptual approach can also be used as a general model and a way of thinking about different kinds of genetic algorithms.
On the feasibility of synthesizing CAD software from specifications: generating maze router tools in ELF (1991)

The application of program synthesis techniques to the generation of technology-sensitive VLSI physical design tools is described. The architecture and implementation of a particular software generator (called ELF) targeted at the generation of maze routing software is described. ELF strives to meet the demands of the target technology by automatically generating maze router implementations to match the application requirements. ELF has three key features. First, a very high level language, lacking data structure implementation specifications, is used to describe algorithm design styles. Second, application-specific expertise about routing and application independent code synthesis techniques are used to guide search among alternative design styles for algorithms and data structures. Third, code generation is used to transform the resulting abstract descriptions of selected algorithms and data structures into final, executable code. Code generation is an incremental, stepwise refinement process. Experimental results are presented covering several correct. fully functional routers synthesized by ELF from varying high-level specifications. Results from synthetic and industrial benchmarks are examined to illustrate ELF's capabilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>