gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conversion of Polyaniline from Insulating to Conducting State in Aqueous Viologen Solutions (2001)

The interactions of polyaniline coatings on low-density polyethylene films with aqueous viologen solutions were investigated. The coatings were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin spectroscopy, UV−visible absorption spectroscopy and sheet resistance measurements. The results showed that the polyaniline coating can be converted from the insulating base form to the electrically conducting salt form after reaction with the viologen solutions. The reaction rate is dependent on the intrinsic oxidation state of the polyaniline, the type and concentration of the viologen, and the reaction temperature. It is proposed that the conversion of the polyaniline to a conductive state occurs via an oxidative doping mechanism whereby electrons are transferred to the viologen dications. In the proposed mechanism, dissolved oxygen is deemed to play an important role, and this was verified experimentally.
<title>Combination of optically measured coordinates and displacements for quantitative investigation of complex objects</title> (1996)

Holographic interferometry makes it possible to measure high precision displacement data in the range of the wavelength of the used laser light. However, the determination of 3D- displacement vectors of objects with complex surfaces requires the measurement of 3D-object coordinates not only to consider local sensitivities but to distinguish between in-plane deformation, i.e. strains, and out-of-plane components, i.e. shears, too. To this purpose both the surface displacement and coordinates have to be combined and it is advantageous to make the data available for CAE- systems. The object surface has to be approximated analytically from the measured point cloud to generate a surface mesh. The displacement vectors can be assigned to the nodes of this surface mesh for visualization of the deformation of the object under test. They also can be compared to the results of FEM-calculations or can be used as boundary conditions for further numerical investigations. Here the 3D-object coordinates are measured in a separate topometric set-up using a modified fringe projection technique to acquire absolute phase values and a sophisticated geometrical model to map these phase data onto coordinates precisely. The determination of 3D-displacement vectors requires the measurement of several interference phase distributions for at least three independent sensitivity directions depending on the observation and illumination directions as well as the 3D-position of each measuring point. These geometric quantities have to be transformed into a reference coordinate system of the interferometric set-up in order to calculate the geometric matrix. The necessary transformation can be realized by means of a detection of object features in both data sets and a subsequent determination of the external camera orientation. This paper presents a consistent solution for the measurement and combination of shape and displacement data including their transformation into simulation systems. The described procedure will be demonstrated on an automotive component. Thus more accurate and effective measurement techniques make it possible to bring experimental and numerical displacement analysis closer.
Identification of a Flexible Loop Region (297–313) of Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator, Which Helps Determine Its Catalytic Activity (1997)

Pro-urokinase has a much higher intrinsic catalytic activity than other zymogens of the serine protease family. Lys300(c143) in an apparent "flexible loop" region (297-313) was previously shown to be an important determinant of this intrinsic catalytic activity. This was related to the loop allowing the positive charge of Lys300(c143) to transiently interact with Asp355(c194), thereby inducing an active conformation of the protease domain (Liu, J. N., Tang, W., Sun, Z., Kung, W., Pannell, R., Sarmientos, P., and Gurewich, V. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 14070-14076). To further test this hypothesis, the charge at position 300(c143) and the flexibility of the loop were altered using site-directed mutagenesis designed according to a computer model to affect the interaction between Lys300(c143) and Asp355(c194). When the charge at Lys300(c143) but not Lys313(c156) was reduced, a significant reduction in the intrinsic catalytic activity occurred. Similarly, when the flexibility (wobbliness) of the loop was enhanced reducing the size of side chain, the intrinsic catalytic activity was also reduced. By contrast, when the loop was made less flexible, the intrinsic catalytic activity was increased. These findings were consistent with the hypothesis. The effects of these mutations on two-chain activity were less and often discordant with the intrinsic catalytic activity, indicating that they can be modulated independently. This structure-function disparity can be exploited to create a more zymogenic pro-urokinase (lower intrinsic catalytic activity) with a high catalytic activity, as exemplified by two of the mutants. The changes in intrinsic catalytic activity and two-chain activity induced by the mutations were due to changes in kcat rather than Km. Some significant structure-function differences between pro-urokinase and its highly homologous counterpart, tissue plasminogen activator, were also found.
Synthesis of Fatty Acids in Outer and Inner Membranes of Mitochondria (1970)

Fatty acids can be synthesized in mitochondrial membranes of rat liver either by elongation or by synthesis de novo. The outer membranes incorporate greater amounts of substrate into fatty acids than do the inner membranes. Outer membranes synthesize 6- and 8-carbon fatty acids completely de novo, while smaller amounts of 10-carbon acids are produced by the mechanism de novo. The reactions de novo utilize acetyl coenzyme A more effectively than malonyl coenzyme A, and synthesis de novo occurs in the absence of exogenous ATP. Elongation, which produces fatty acids 14 carbon atoms long and longer, depends on added ATP, and acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA are incorporated about equally. Synthesis de novo of shorter chain fatty acids by outer membranes continues in the presence of ATP and the concomitant elongation reactions. Inner membranes synthesize only longer fatty acids by elongation. If synthesis de novo of fatty acids occurs in the inner membranes, these acids might be removed by oxidation. The ATP concentrations in these experiments were compared with the levels of ATP produced by actively respiring liver mitochondria. During metabolically adverse conditions within the cell, the capacity for manufacturing fatty acids by elongation may fluctuate with the ATP levels whereas synthesis de novo continues.
Maintenance requirements of <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922 in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of various antibiotics (1992)

Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was grown in minimal medium M63, with glucose 0.1 gL as limiting energy substrate, in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of netilmicin, habekacin, tobramycin, dibekacin, amikacin, kanamycin, amoxycillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin and nalidixic acid. Maintenance requirements were determined with a simple relationship derived from batch growth curves. The apparent relationship between maintenance requirements and antibiotic concentration is an exponential increase, log m(c) = log mo + k.c, where m is maintenance, c antibiotics concentration, mo maintenance without antibiotics, and k a constant. Values for k were found to be in the range 0.5-2.0 mg-1.L.
Relationship of Collegiate Football Experience and Concussion With Hippocampal Volume and Cognitive Outcomes (2014)

Concussion and subconcussive impacts have been associated with short-term disrupted cognitive performance in collegiate athletes, but there are limited data on their long-term neuroanatomic and cognitive consequences.To assess the relationships of concussion history and years of football experience with hippocampal volume and cognitive performance in collegiate football athletes.Cross-sectional study conducted between June 2011 and August 2013 at a US psychiatric research institute specializing in neuroimaging among collegiate football players with a history of clinician-diagnosed concussion (n = 25), collegiate football players without a history of concussion (n = 25), and non-football-playing, age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (n = 25).History of clinician-diagnosed concussion and years of football experience.High-resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify brain volumes. Baseline scores on a computerized concussion-related cognitive battery were used for cognitive assessment in athletes.Players with and without a history of concussion had smaller hippocampal volumes relative to healthy control participants (with concussion: t48 = 7.58; P < .001; mean difference, 1788 μL; 95% CI, 1317-2258 μL; without concussion: t48 = 4.35; P < .001, mean difference, 1027 μL; 95% CI, 556-1498 μL). Players with a history of concussion had smaller hippocampal volumes than players without concussion (t48 = 3.15; P < .001; mean difference, 761 μL; 95% CI, 280-1242 μL). In both athlete groups, there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between left hippocampal volume and number of years of football played (t46 = -3.62; P < .001; coefficient = -43.54; 95% CI, -67.66 to -19.41). Behavioral testing demonstrated no differences between athletes with and without a concussion history on 5 cognitive measures but did show an inverse correlation between years of playing football and reaction time (ρ42 = -0.43; 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.40; P = .005).Among a group of collegiate football athletes, there was a significant inverse relationship of concussion and years of football played with hippocampal volume. Years of football experience also correlated with slower reaction time. Further research is needed to determine the temporal relationships of these findings.
Ephedrine Blocks Rat Sciatic Nerve In Vivo and Sodium Channels In Vitro (2005)

Background. The sympathomimetic drug ephedrine has been used intrathecally as the sole local anesthetic for labor and delivery. Because ephedrine may be a useful adjuvant to local anesthetics, the authors investigated the local anesthetic properties of ephedrine in a rat sciatic nerve block model and the underlying mechanism in cultured cells stably expressing Na channels.Methods. After approval of the animal protocol, the sciatic nerves of anesthetized rats were exposed by lateral incision of the thighs, 0.2 ml ephedrine at 0.25, 1, 2.5, or 5% and/or bupivacaine at 0.125% was injected, and the wound was closed. Motor and sensory/nociceptive functions were evaluated by the force achieved by pushing against a balance and the reaction to pinch, respectively. The whole cell configuration of the patch clamp technique was used to record Na currents from human embryonal kidney cells stably transfected with Nav1.4 channels.Results. The nociception blockade was significantly longer than the motor blockade at test doses of 2.5 and 5% of ephedrine, or when 1% ephedrine was combined with 0.125% bupivacaine (analysis of variance with repeated measures, P < 0.001, n = 8/group). In vitro, the 50% inhibitory concentrations of ephedrine at -150 and -60 mV were 1,043 +/- 70 and 473 +/- 13 mum, respectively. High-frequency stimulation revealed a use-dependent block of 18%, similar to most local anesthetics.Conclusions. Because ephedrine's properties are at least partly due to Na channel blockade, detailed histopathologic investigations are justified to determine the potential of ephedrine as an adjuvant to clinically used local anesthetics.
A Microcomputer-Based Conducting System (1980)

The subject of this paper is a portable, microcomputer-based performance system that we call the conduct system.1 This system was developed at the University of Toronto as part of the research of the Structured Sound Synthesis Project (SSSP) (Buxton, Fogels, Fedorkow and Smith 1978). The system, built around a microprocessor controlling a digital sound synthesizer, had its genesis in the earlier conductor system of Mathews (Mathews 1976). That is, it is a system that allows the performer to interpret or conduct precomposed score material, rather than a system on which the prime performance task is to articulate each individual note, as is the case with conventional instruments. In the remainder of this paper, we shall provide a description of the microcomputer-based conducting system, concentrating on aspects of the human interface and the control structure. In addition, we shall discuss what we see as the relative strengths and weaknesses of the system, based on our experience with it in both the laboratory and the concert hall. We shall begin, however, by relating our work to that of others in the field, and by discussing the general issues of the problem.
Operating system extensions for dynamic real-time applications (2002)

Current general purpose operating systems are unable to support a new class of applications that have the same requirements as conventional applications but with additional real-time constraints. We introduce a new real-time process abstraction to model such applications. We show how an operating system can support these processes by having an admission policy to ensure that all of the processes' timing requirements can be met, by monitoring the behavior of the processes to ensure that one process cannot interfere with another by exceeding its allocated resources, and by scheduling the processes to meet their requirements. We also introduce a model for managing processes that overrun. Many of the issues involved in the design and implementation of these components are discussed in this paper.
Transection of the Bladder for Adult Enuresis and Allied Conditions (1973)

Summary Seven patients with enuresis and diurnal urgency frequency and sometimes incontinence were treated by transection of the bladder. Two of the patients were completely cured of their symptoms. All showed some degree of subjective improvement. Cystometry showed that the operation did not prevent contraction of the detrusor, suggesting that denervation has not been a significant factor.
<title>Fluorescence lidar remote sensing of vegetation</title> (1995)

Fluorescence lidar is an interesting tool for the control of vegetation status, monitoring stresses also at an early, previsual stage. However, a complete physiological interpretation of the fluorescence spectra and their variations related to the plant stresses is still missing. A research project dealing with both instrument development and data interpretation has been carried out at our institutes in the framework of the national programs IPRA and RAISA (technology for agriculture) and of the EUREKA/LASFLEUR (EU380) project. Laboratory experiments dealt with the interpretation of the physiological significance of blue-green and red vegetation fluorescence and with the analysis of the influence of stresses on the spectral behavior. The experiments were carried out both in spectroscopy laboratory, in greenhouses under controlled conditions (i.e., photosynthetic photon flux density, net photosynthesis, and different stresses) and, finally, in the field from ground based and flying platforms using the fluorescence lidar FLIDAR3.
In situ cleaning and activation of solid electrode surfaces by pulsed laser light (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn situ cleaning and activation of solid electrode surfaces by pulsed laser lightElise. Hershenhart, Richard L. McCreery, and Randall D. KnightCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 12, 2256–2257Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00276a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00276a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differences in Pyrocarbon Matrices Made by Fb‐Cvi with Organic Precursors (2014)

Carbon/carbon composites are useful in thermal and mechanical equipment. This composite is usually made by pyrolysis of polymers or CVD technique, both techniques are time consuming. This work shows some results of the use of film boiling chemical vapor infiltration, FB-CVI, a fast densification method to made carbon/carbon composite with different precursors. Carbon matrices were made using three different carbon precursors, hexane, ethanol and vegetable oil. All densification experiments were done in four different temperatures, 1173K, 1273K, 1373K and 1473K. Hexane showed the greatest deposition rate, and vegetable oil showed the smallest. Archimedes densities were different for all, and vegetable oil is the most porous samples. Samples were characterized by DRX, MEV, RAMAN and polarized optical microscopy. The pyrocarbon type deposited were also different for the three precursors, vegetable oil deposited an isotropic carbon while ethanol and hexane deposited laminar ones. The conclusion is that different types of precursors results in different pyrocarbon and different structures of matrix.
Cot Kinase Activates Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Expression in a Cyclosporin A-resistant Manner (1998)

Cot kinase is a protein serine/threonine kinase, classified as a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, implicated in T lymphocyte activation. Here we show that an increase in Cot kinase expression promotes tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in Jurkat T cells stimulated by soluble anti-CD3 or by low concentrations of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) and calcium ionophore. Overexpression of Cot kinase in Jurkat cells activates TNF-alpha gene expression. Cot kinase promotes TNF-alpha promoter activation to a similar extent as calcium ionophore and PDBu or soluble anti-CD28 and PDBu. Neither phorbol esters nor calcium ionophore can replace Cot kinase on TNF-alpha promoter-driven transcription. Expression of a dominant negative form of Cot kinase inhibits TNF-alpha promoter activation induced by stimulation with either calcium ionophore and PDBu, soluble anti-CD28 and PDBu, or soluble anti-CD3 and PDBu. TNF-alpha promoter-driven transcription by Cot kinase is partially mediated by MAPK/ERK kinase and is cyclosporin A-resistant. Cot kinase increases at least the AP-1 and AP-2 response elements. These data indicate that Cot kinase plays a critical role in TNF-alpha production.
국어 학습자 문어 능력 발달 말뭉치 구축을 위한 서설 (2017)

언어 능력 발달 말뭉치는 ‘언어 능력의 발달 정도를 파악할 수 있도록 구축된 구조적 말뭉치’를 가리키는 것으로, 구어 능력 발달 말뭉치와 문어 능력 발달 말뭉치로 나눌 수 있다. 현재 모어 학습자들의 문어 능력 발달 양상을 확인할 수 있는 국어 학습자 문어 능력 발달 말뭉치는 구축되어 있지 못하다. 그런데 국어 교육적 측면을 고려할 때 ‘국어 능력’의...
Biphasic Mechanisms of Neurovascular Unit Injury and Protection in CNS Diseases (2013)

In the past decade, evidence has emerged that there is a variety of bidirectional cell-cell and/or cell-extracellular matrix interactions within the neurovascular unit (NVU), which is composed of neuronal, glial, and vascular cells along with extracellular matrix. Many central nervous system diseases, which lead to NVU dysfunction, have common features such as glial activation/transformation and vascular/blood-brain-barrier alteration. These phenomena show dual opposite roles, harmful at acute phase and beneficial at chronic phase. This diverse heterogeneity may induce biphasic clinical courses, i.e. degenerative and regenerative processes in the context of dynamically coordinated cellcell/ cell-matrix interactions in the NVU. A deeper understanding of the seemingly contradictory actions in cellular levels is essential for NVU protection or regeneration to suppress the deleterious inflammatory reactions and promote adaptive remodeling after central nervous system injury. This mini-review will present an overview of recent progress in the biphasic roles of the NVU and discuss the clinical relevance of NVU responses associated with central nervous system diseases, such as stroke and other chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
Evolution of compstatin family as therapeutic complement inhibitors (2018)

Therapeutic modulation of complement activation is considered as a promising approach for the treatment of host tissue damage in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Complement component protein C3 is a particularly attractive drug target for complement inhibitors, due to its central role in three pathways of complement activation cascade. Areas covered: The author provides a comprehensive review on compstatin family peptides which have been discovered and optimized as potent and selective C3 inhibitors via a combination of chemical, biophysical and computational approaches. New generations of the compstatin family with improved potency and therapeutic properties have been developed in recent years. Over two decades, compstatin demonstrated therapeutic potential as a first-of-its-kind complement inhibitor in a series of disease models, with encouraging efforts in clinical trials. Expert opinion: Compstatin holds promise for new therapeutic implications in blocking the effect of the complement cascade in a variety of disease conditions. The development of cost-effective treatment options with suitable dosing route and schedule will be critical for patients with complement mediated chronic diseases.
Multifunctional Porous Graphene for High‐Efficiency Steam Generation by Heat Localization (2015)

Multifunctional nanoporous graphene is realized as a heat generator to convert solar illumination into high-energy steam. The novel 3D nanoporous graphene demonstrates a highly energy-effective steam generation with an energy conversation of 80%.
Some Aspects of the Decision Making Behavior of Business Organizations (1971)

Spatial analysis in economic geography is at present undergoing a pronounced shift of emphasis. Until very recently its theoretical basis was founded predominantly on normative principles, in particular those devised by economists. Without doubt such theory has been of inestimable value in providing a conceptual framework for empirical studies and in encouraging economic geographers to search for general locational principles rather than submerging themselves in a morass of facts concerning unique cases. Economic geography is relatively healthy today not the least because of the intellectual transplants donated by theorists such as von Thiinen, Weber, L6sch, Christaller, Isard, Greenhut, and others. Without the insights and stimuli provided by workers such as these, the discipline might well be in a state of chronic ill health.