gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-Enhanced Ion Migration in Two-Dimensional Perovskite Single Crystals Revealed in Carbon Nanotubes/Two-Dimensional Perovskite Heterostructure and Its Photomemory Application (2019)

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskite sandwiched between two long-chain organic layers is an emerging class of low-cost semiconductor materials with unique optical properties and improved moisture stability. Unlike conventional semiconductors, ion migration in perovskite is a unique phenomenon possibly responsible for long carrier lifetime, current-voltage hysteresis, and low-frequency giant dielectric response. While there are many studies of ion migration in bulk hybrid perovskite, not much is known for its 2D counterparts, especially for ion migration induced by light excitation. Here, we construct an exfoliated 2D perovskite/carbon nanotube (CNT) heterostructure field effect transistor (FET), not only to demonstrate its potential in photomemory applications, but also to study the light induced ion migration mechanisms. We show that the FET I-V characteristic curve can be regulated by light and shows two opposite trends under different CNT oxygen doping conditions. Our temperature-dependent study indicates that the change in the I-V curve is probably caused by ion redistribution in the 2D hybrid perovskite. The first principle calculation shows the reduction of the migration barrier of I vacancy under light excitation. The device simulation shows that the increase of 2D hybrid perovskite dielectric constant (enabled by the increased ion migration) can change the I-V curve in the trends observed experimentally. Finally, the so synthesized FET shows the multilevel photomemory function. Our work shows that not only we could understand the unique ion migration behavior in 2D hybrid perovskite, it might also be used for many future memory function related applications not realizable in traditional semiconductors.
Infrastructure Deployment Over the Cloud (2011)

With the advent of cloud technologies the scientists have access to different cloud infrastructures in order to deploy all the virtual machines they need to perform the computations required in their research works. This paper describes a software architecture and a description language to simplify the creation of all the needed resources, and the elastic evolution of the computing infrastructure depending on the application requirements and some QoS features.
Development of hematocrit monitoring sensor using screen printed carbon electrode (2013)

Hematocrit (HCT) is actually a calculated value obtained from modern automated hematology analyzers. It is the product of the mean cell volume (MCV) and the red blood cell (RBC) count, both of which are directly measured by the analyzer. Therefore, if there are any inaccuracies in measurement of the MCV or RBC count, the HCT will reflect those inaccuracies. In this study we have demonstrated the feasibility of electrochemical methods for determination of hematocrit level in whole blood samples. The sensitivity of the hematocrit biosensor was 1.01μA/% and the average coefficient of variation was 5.04%, respectively.
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibition ameliorates kidney fibrosis in a unilateral ureteral obstruction murine model (2014)

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is an enzyme known for its dual function in mediating inflammation and reactive oxygen species production. However, the role of SSAO inhibitors in limiting kidney fibrosis is unclear. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of a SSAO inhibitor (SSAOi; PXS4728A) as an antifibrotic agent using a 7-day unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) model of acute kidney fibrosis in 6- to 8-wk-old mice. The experimental groups were 1) Sham operated; 2) UUO; 3) UUO+SSAOi (2 mg/kg); 4) UUO+telmisartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (3 mg/kg); and 5) UUO+SSAOi+telmisartan. Kidney tissue was analyzed for histological evidence of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, nitrotyrosine staining, and mRNA expression of markers associated with fibrosis and inflammation. Kidney SSAO activity was determined by radiometric [(14)C]benzylamine methodology. Our results show that SSAOi effectively suppresses UUO-mediated SSAO activity. Extracellular matrix markers, namely, fibronectin, collagen IV protein, and nitrotyrosine staining, were lower in UUO+SSAOi mice compared with untreated UUO mice. This was consistent with the attenuated mRNA expression of collagen IV and fibronectin. SSAOi effectively inhibited transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression to a similar extent to that observed with telmisartan. Individually, SSAOi and telmisartan induced a reduction in interstitial leukocyte and macrophage accumulation. However, the combination of SSAOi and telmisartan was more effective at reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. These results demonstrate that SSAO inhibition significantly suppresses profibrotic and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, reduces oxidative stress, and limits inflammatory cell accumulation and extracellular matrix expression in an acute model of renal fibrosis.
GaN Film Growth Using Single-Source Precursors (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGaN Film Growth Using Single-Source PrecursorsVikas Lakhotia, Deborah A. Neumayer, A. H. Cowley, R. A. Jones, and J. G. EkerdtCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 3, 546–552Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00051a016https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00051a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neisseria gonorrhoeae downregulates expression of the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (2005)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human pathogen causing the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoeae. The bacteria preferentially attach to and invade epithelial cells of the genital tract. As these cells previously have been shown to express the human cathelicidin LL-37, we wanted to investigate the role of LL-37 during N. gonorrhoeae infection. The cervical epithelial cell line ME180 was utilized and the expression of LL-37 was confirmed on both peptide and transcriptional levels. Moreover, LL-37 exhibited potent in vitro activity against N. gonorrhoeae. Interestingly, the transcript and peptide levels of LL-37 were downregulated during infection, according to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunocyto-chemistry. The downregulation was most prominent with pathogenic strains of Neisseria, while non-pathogenic strains such as Neisseria lactamica and Escherichia coli only exhibited moderate effects. Heat-killed N. gonorrhoeae had no impact on the downregulation, emphasizing the importance of live bacteria. The results in this study suggest that pathogenic Neisseria may gain a survival advantage in the female genital tract by downregulating LL-37 expression.
Effect of plasticizers on second‐order transition points of high polymers (1947)

Abstract This is a review article concerned with the effect of plasticizers on the second‐order transition point and related phenomena in high polymers. The second‐order transition temperature behavior of plasticized polymers can be described by a linear relationship between the square root of the weight fraction of polymer and the reciprocal transition temperature. For certain temperature regions and plasticizer contents, this is mathematically equivalent to the linear decrease of transition temperature with plasticizer content which is also observed experimentally. This latter result is in accord with Zhurkov's theory of the softening action of solvents, which predicts a linear decrease in softening temperature with solvent content, and no dependence on the nature of the solvent. Neither the second‐order transition approach nor Zhurkov's theory permits conclusions about the nature of the plasticizer. However, it is shown empirically that brittle temperature can be represented as a function of the solvent‐polymer interaction constant μ by a curve having a maximum at μ ≈ 0.4. Since μ is also the parameter which measures compatibility, it is seen that the efficiency and the compatibility of a plasticizer are intimately related. Moreover, correlation can be made with older observations showing the relation between efficiency and the temperature coefficient of viscosity of the plasticizer.
Usher syndrome IIIA gene clarin-1 is essential for hair cell function and associated neural activation (2009)

Usher syndrome 3A (USH3A) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive loss of hearing and vision due to mutation in the clarin-1 (CLRN1) gene. Lack of an animal model has hindered our ability to understand the function of CLRN1 and the pathophysiology associated with USH3A. Here we report for the first time a mouse model for ear disease in USH3A. Detailed evaluation of inner ear phenotype in the Clrn1 knockout mouse (Clrn1(-/-)) coupled with expression pattern of Clrn1 in the inner ear are presented here. Clrn1 was expressed as early as embryonic day 16.5 in the auditory and vestibular hair cells and associated ganglionic neurons, with its expression being higher in outer hair cells (OHCs) than inner hair cells. Clrn1(-/-) mice showed early onset hearing loss that rapidly progressed to severe levels. Two to three weeks after birth (P14-P21), Clrn1(-/-) mice showed elevated auditory-evoked brainstem response (ABR) thresholds and prolonged peak and interpeak latencies. By P21, approximately 70% of Clrn1(-/-) mice had no detectable ABR and by P30 these mice were deaf. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were not recordable from Clrn1(-/-) mice. Vestibular function in Clrn1(-/-) mice mirrored the cochlear phenotype, although it deteriorated more gradually than cochlear function. Disorganization of OHC stereocilia was seen as early as P2 and by P21 OHC loss was observed. In sum, hair cell dysfunction and prolonged peak latencies in vestibular and cochlear evoked potentials in Clrn1(-/-) mice strongly indicate that Clrn1 is necessary for hair cell function and associated neural activation.
Effects of polysaccharide stabilizers on the nucleation of ice (1986)

Sodium alginate, methyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at concentrations of ∼ 1% do not change the homogeneous nucleation temperature (TH) of water or of sucrose solutions by more than the experimental uncertainty of ±2°C. Stabilizers at a concentration of 0.0067 g/ml showed a variety of effects on heterogeneous nucleation in 0.75 g/ml sucrose solution. Xanthan gum showed a slight inhibitory effect, methyl cellulose showed little effect, sodium pectate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose caused slight increases in the incidence of heterogeneous nucleation, and sodium alginate caused a substantial increase. The effect of sodium alginate can probably be attributed to inclusions rather than to the polysaccharide molecules themselves. It is concluded that none of the stabilizers affects nucleation of ice to an extent which would be of significance in frozen confectionery products.
Photochemical Covalent Attachment of Alkene-Derived Monolayers onto Hydroxyl-Terminated Silica (2009)

The functionalization of optically transparent substrates is of importance, for example, in the field of biosensing. In this article, a new method for modification of silica surfaces is presented that is based on a photochemical reaction of terminal alkenes with the surface. This yields highly hydrophobic surfaces, which are thermally stable up to at least 400 degrees C. The formed monolayer provides chemical passivation of the underlying surface, according to studies showing successful blocking of platinum atomic layer deposition (ALD). The reaction is photochemically initiated, requiring light with a wavelength below 275 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy studies show that the alkenes initially bind to the surface hydroxyl groups in Markovnikov fashion. At prolonged reaction times (>5 h), however, oligomerization occurs, resulting in layer growth normal to the surface. The photochemical nature of the reaction enables the use of photolithography as a tool to constructively pattern silica surfaces. Atomic force microscopy shows that the features of the photomask are well transferred. The newly developed method can complement existing patterning methods on silica that are based on soft lithography.
NYMPHS OF NORTH AMERICAN PERLODINAE GENERA (PLECOPTERA: PERLODIDAE) (1984)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Synthesis and photophysical property of well-defined donor–acceptor diblock copolymer based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene (2009)

A new, well-defined diblock copolymer (P3HT-b-C60) based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and fullerene was synthesized. First, regioregular P3HT was synthesized through Grignard metathesis polymerization, and then methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were copolymerized by using an end-functionalized P3HT as a macroinitiator for the atom transfer radical polymerization to yield a diblock copolymer (P3HT-b-P(MMA-r-HEMA)). A fullerene derivative functionalized with carboxylic acid, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid (PCBA), was then chemically linked to the HEMA unit in the second block (P(MMA-r-HEMA)) to produce a diblock copolymer with the second block containing fullerenes. Annealing thin films of the copolymer revealed nanometer-scale phase separation, a more suitable morphology for enabling excitons generated in the P3HT domain to more efficiently reach the donor–acceptor interface, relative to simple blends of P3HT and C60. As a result, photoluminescence of the P3HT-b-C60diblock copolymer in the films showed a complete quenching of photoluminescence of P3HT, which is indicative of charge transfer between P3HT and fullerene.
Method of testing the susceptibility of Pneumocystis carinii to antimicrobial agents in vitro (1985)

Rat Pneumocystis carinii grown on lung-derived cell lines in tissue culture flasks and multiwell plates was tested for susceptibility to four antimicrobial agents currently being used in the treatment of human pneumocystosis. Standard criteria for organism quantitation, replication, viability, and inoculum size were established. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole inhibited P. carinii growth at a concentration ratio of 1:19 microgram/ml, and pentamidine isethionate was active at 0.1 microgram/ml. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine, an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, inhibited P. carinii at a concentration of 1 mM once erythrocytes (which are high in polyamine content) were removed from the inoculum; this effect could be overcome by the polyamine putrescine. Dapsone suppressed P. carinii replication at a dose of 0.1 microgram/ml, but this effect was lost after 72 h in culture. Overall, the reduction in P. carinii numbers with these drugs was relatively modest (45 to 84%), which is consistent with their lack of lethal effects on the organism in vivo. Thus, the system presented here should be helpful in developing new anti-P. carinii agents and in elucidating their mechanism of action.
Gate modulation of proton transport in a nanopore (2016)

Proton transport in confined spaces plays a crucial role in many biological processes as well as in modern technological applications, such as fuel cells. To achieve active control of proton conductance, we investigate for the first time the gate modulation of proton transport in a pH-regulated nanopore by a multi-ion model. The model takes into account surface protonation/deprotonation reactions, surface curvature, electroosmotic flow, Stern layer, and electric double layer overlap. The proposed model is validated by good agreement with the existing experimental data on nanopore conductance with and without a gate voltage. The results show that the modulation of proton transport in a nanopore depends on the concentration of the background salt and solution pH. Without background salt, the gated nanopore exhibits an interesting ambipolar conductance behavior when pH is close to the isoelectric point of the dielectric pore material, and the net ionic and proton conductance can be actively regulated with a gate voltage as low as 1 V. The higher the background salt concentration, the lower is the performance of the gate control on the proton transport.
Methylthiolated cephem derivatives. (1975)

Methylthiolation reactions of 7-benzamido-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic ester (3) via its carbanion gave 4-substituted derivatives, whereas its oxide (7) gave 2-substituted derivatives exclusively. In the presence of excess base, 7-substituted compounds were also obtained. In addition, some alkylation reactions and zinc reductions of 2-methylthio compounds thereby obtained were investigated.
Augmented 3D Vision System for Object Reconstruction (2006)

In this paper the concept of combining two different imaging procedures and a laser scanning system is presented. The goal is to combine panoramic image with two co-centric image sequences and with laser scanning device creating an augmented 3D vision system. Solution will be sought to combine spherical image data with dissimilar geometry. The full 360° degree egocentric view from panoramic image and co-centric image sequence can be combined in order to form a stereoscopic view of the surrounding scene. In addition, the image sequences can be used for producing accurate 3D measurements. With this method it is possible to visualize the environment in a realistic way. Additional 3D data, like obtained by laser scanning, can be co-registered with the image data. The proposed approach can further be used as assistance when georeferencing additional data or information to common 3D coordinate frame.
Effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on excitability in rat hippocampal slices <i>in vitro</i> (2004)

The effects of uniform steady state (DC) extracellular electric fields on neuronal excitability were characterized in rat hippocampal slices using field, intracellular and voltage-sensitive dye recordings. Small electric fields (</40/ mV mm(-1)), applied parallel to the somato-dendritic axis, induced polarization of CA1 pyramidal cells; the relationship between applied field and induced polarization was linear (0.12 +/- 0.05 mV per mV mm(-1) average sensitivity at the soma). The peak amplitude and time constant (15-70 ms) of membrane polarization varied along the axis of neurons with the maximal polarization observed at the tips of basal and apical dendrites. The polarization was biphasic in the mid-apical dendrites; there was a time-dependent shift in the polarity reversal site. DC fields altered the thresholds of action potentials evoked by orthodromic stimulation, and shifted their initiation site along the apical dendrites. Large electric fields could trigger neuronal firing and epileptiform activity, and induce long-term (>1 s) changes in neuronal excitability. Electric fields perpendicular to the apical-dendritic axis did not induce somatic polarization, but did modulate orthodromic responses, indicating an effect on afferents. These results demonstrate that DC fields can modulate neuronal excitability in a time-dependent manner, with no clear threshold, as a result of interactions between neuronal compartments, the non-linear properties of the cell membrane, and effects on afferents.
Estimation of prostatic growth using serial prostate-specific antigen measurements in men with and without prostate disease. (1992)

Prostate growth curves were estimated from serial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements on frozen sera in three groups of men: (a) 16 men with no prostatic disease by urological history and examination; (b) 20 men with a histological diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who had undergone simple prostatectomy; and (c) 18 men with a histological diagnosis of prostate cancer. The median number of repeated PSA measurements over an 8- to 26-yr period prior to histological diagnosis or exclusion of prostate disease was eight and 11 for noncancer and cancer subjects, respectively. Predicted rates of change in PSA (PSA velocity) were linear and curvilinear for control and BPH subjects, respectively. Subjects with cancer demonstrated both a linear and an exponential phase of PSA velocity. Based on time to double PSA, we estimated the epithelial doubling time for men without prostate disease to range from 54 +/- 13 yr at age 40 to 84 +/- 13 yr at age 70. For men with BPH, doubling times ranged from 2 +/- 13 yr at age 40 to 17 +/- 5 yr at age 85. Subjects with local/regional and advanced/metastatic cancer had similar PSA doubling times of 2.4 +/- 0.6 yr and 1.8 +/- 0.2 yr, respectively. These data are consistent with what is known about prostatic growth with age in men without prostate disease and BPH, and the kinetics of prostate cancer growth. Estimates of prostatic growth rate from changes in PSA may be useful clinically in management of men with prostate disease.
IL-1-Driven Endogenous IL-10 Production Protects Against the Systemic and Local Acute Inflammatory Response Following Intestinal Reperfusion Injury (2003)

TNF-alpha release and action are central in the pathogenesis of the local and systemic inflammatory responses that occur after intestinal reperfusion. In this study we examined whether IL-1 participated in the cascade of events leading to TNF-alpha production and TNF-alpha-mediated injury following reperfusion of the ischemic superior mesenteric artery in rats. Blockade of the action of IL-1 by the use of anti-IL-1 antiserum or administration of IL-1R antagonist (IL-1ra), a natural antagonist of IL-1Rs, resulted in marked enhancement of reperfusion-associated tissue injury, TNF-alpha expression, and lethality. In contrast, there was marked decrease in IL-10 production. Facilitation of IL-1 action by administration of anti-IL-1ra, which antagonizes endogenous IL-1ra, or exogenous administration of rIL-1beta suppressed reperfusion-induced tissue pathology, TNF-alpha production, and lethality, but increased IL-10 production. Exogenous administration of IL-10 was effective in preventing the increase in tissue or plasma levels of TNF-alpha, the exacerbated tissue injury, and lethality. An opposite effect was observed after treatment with anti-IL-10, demonstrating a role for endogenous production of IL-10 in modulating exacerbated reperfusion-associated tissue pathology and lethality. Finally, pretreatment with anti-IL-10 reversed the protective effect of IL-1beta on reperfusion-associated lethality. Thus, IL-1 plays a major role in driving endogenous IL-10 production and protects against the TNF-alpha-dependent systemic and local acute inflammatory response following intestinal reperfusion injury.