gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Satellite constellation of MEO and IGSO network routing with dynamic grouping (2013)

SUMMARY Because inter‐satellite links (ISLs) among the distributed satellite nodes can be used to support autonomous control in satellite system operation to reduce dependency on the ground stations, it becomes a popular communication paradigm for the future satellite systems. However, this introduces great technical challenges, particularly for routing protocol to support such space communication system. Facing the challenges, we present out study of routing technology in this paper tailored for satellite network of MEO (Table 1) and IGSO with ISLs in addition to satellite–ground links. The study aims to explore the routing strategies and algorithms of satellite network based on the evolution law of network topology to provide reference design for data exchange in autonomous satellite system. A comprehensive investigation, ranging from the analysis of relevant factors affecting data exchange in satellite networks to the primary application and resource constraints in designing satellite routing strategy, has been conducted. Our main contribution is to propose an on‐demand computing and caching centralized routing strategy and algorithm on the satellite network. The routing strategy and algorithm is designed for satellite network topology dynamic grouping. The route calculation for user data transmission is divided into three phases: direction estimation, direction enhancement, and congestion avoidance. The strategy and algorithm provide significant advantages of high efficiency, low complexity, and flexible configuration, by which the satellite networks can provide the features of flexible configure, efficient transferring, easy management, structural survivability, and great potential in scalability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excited-state porphyrin-quinone interactions at 10 .ANG. separation (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcited-state porphyrin-quinone interactions at 10 .ANG. separationJonathan S. Lindsey, David C. Mauzerall, and Henry LinschitzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 21, 6528–6529Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00359a049Request reuse permissions Article Views200Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (287 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Significant associations of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (<i>SCD1</i>) gene with fat deposition and composition in skeletal muscle (2008)

Gene expression studies in humans and animals have shown that elevated stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) activity is associated with increased fat accumulation and monounsaturation of saturated fatty acids in skeletal muscle. However, results of the two reported association studies in humans are inconsistent. In the present study, we annotated the bovine SCD1 gene and identified 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in its 3'untranslated region (UTR). Genotyping these SNPs on a Wagyu x Limousin reference population revealed that the SCD1 gene was significantly associated with six fat deposition and fatty acid composition traits in skeletal muscle, but not with subcutaneous fat depth and percent kidney-pelvic-heart fat. In particular, we confirmed that the high stearoyl-CoA desaturase activities/alleles were positively correlated with beef marbling score, amount of monounsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid content, but negatively with amount of saturated fatty acids. The inconsistent associations between human studies might be caused by using different sets of markers because we observed that most associated markers are located near the end of 3'UTR. We found that the proximity of the polyadenylation signal site is highly conserved among human, cattle and pig, indicating that the region might contain functional elements involved in posttranscriptional control of SCD1 activity. In conclusion, our cross species study provided solid evidence to support SCD1 gene as a critical player in skeletal muscle fat metabolism.
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is involved in Crohn’s disease-associated platelet hyperactivation through the release of soluble CD40 ligand (2008)

The results suggest that platelets from patients with Crohn's disease release more sCD40L than controls as a consequence of their higher endogenous content of CD40L and of MMP-9, which is involved in CD40L shedding. The increased levels of released sCD40L might be responsible, at least in part, for the high state of activation of platelets from patients with Crohn's disease.
Analysis of software cost models with rejuvenation (2002)

Software rejuvenation is a preventive maintenance technique that has been extensively studied in the recent literature. In this paper we extend the classical result by Huang et al. (1995), and in addition propose a modified stochastic model to generate the software rejuvenation schedule. More precisely, the software rejuvenation models are formulated via the semi-Markov process, and the optimal software rejuvenation schedule which minimizes the expected costs per unit time in the steady-state are derived analytically for respective cases. Further we develop non-parametric algorithms to estimate the optimal software rejuvenation schedules, provided that the statistical complete (unsensored) sample data of failure time is given. In numerical examples, we compare two models in terms of economic justification, and examine asymptotic properties for the statistical estimation algorithms.
The Control Rod Speed Design for the Nuclear Reactor Power Control Using Optimal Control Theory (1994)

The state feedback optimal control techniques are used in designing the reactor control system. The mathematical plant model with the temperature feedback effects is established from the one delayed neutron group point kinetics equation and the singly lumped thermal-hydraulic balance equations, and is expressed in terms of state variables. The LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) control system is designed, being followed by the LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) design to determine the optimal conditions of rod movement for the desired reactor power responses. And two different servo control schemes, the ordinary feedback system and the order increased regulating system, are proposed for the purpose of input tacking. The general control characteristics such as stability margins and output responses are discussed. Comparing each other, it is found that the order increased regulating system has far better control characteristics than the ordinary feedback system.
A 1.5-V Multi-Mode Quad-Band RF Receiver for GSM/EDGE/CDMA2K in 90-nm Digital CMOS Process (2006)

A single chip quad-band multi-mode (GSM900/ DCS1800/PCS1900/CDMA2K) direct-conversion RF receiver with integrated baseband ADCs is presented. The fully integrated RF receiver is implemented in a 90-nm single poly, six level metal, standard digital CMOS process with no additional analog and RF components. The highly digital multi-mode receiver uses minimum analog filtering and AGC stages, digitizing useful signal, dynamic DC offsets and blockers at the mixer output. The direct-conversion GSM front-end utilizes resistive loaded LNAs with only two coupled inductors per LNA. The GSM front-end achieves a 31.5 dB gain and a 2.1 dB integrated noise figure with a 5 dB noise figure under blocking conditions. The CDMA2K front-end utilizes a self-biased common-gate input amplifier followed by passive mixers, achieving wideband input matching from 900 MHz up to 2.1 GHz with an IIP3 of +8 dBm. The GSM receiver consumes 38 mA from a power supply of 1.5 V and CDMA2K receiver consumes 16 mA in the low band and 21 mA in the high band. The multi-mode receiver, including LO buffers and frequency dividers, ADCs, and reference buffers, occupies 2.5 mm/sup 2/.
A segment-based C/sub 0/ adaptation scheme for PMC-based noisy Mandarin speech recognition (1999)

A segment-based C/sub 0/ (the zero-th order of cepstral coefficient) adaptation scheme for PMC-based Mandarin speech recognition is proposed in this paper. It incorporates a new C/sub 0/ model of speech signal into the PMC method to improve the gain matching between the clean-speech HMM models and the current noise model. The C/sub 0/ model is constructed in the training phase by jointly modeling the normalized C/sub 0/ with other MFCC recognition features to form C/sub 0/-normalized HMM models. In the testing phase, it pre-segments the input utterance into syllable-like segments, performs C/sub 0/-denormalization operations to expand the C/sub 0/-normalized HMM models, and uses them in the PMC method. Compared with the conventional PMC method, the proposed method can achieve a much better noise compensation effect due to the use of more precise gain matching in the PMC model combination. Experimental results showed that the base-syllable accuracy rate was significantly upgraded for continuous noisy Mandarin speech recognition.
<i>o</i>-Naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde Derivative of 7‘-Aminonaltrindole as a Selective δ-Opioid Receptor Affinity Label (2007)

Incorporation of a naphthalene-dialdehyde moiety into the delta antagonist, 6'-aminonaltrindole afforded a potent, selective, irreversible delta-agonist 1. However, flow cytometry studies revealed no time-dependent specific fluorescence, suggesting that both Lys214 and Cys216 at the recognition site are not involved in covalent binding. Molecular simulation studies suggest that compound 1 may form a Schiff base with the epsilon-amino group of Lys214, which could explain its irreversibility and transformation into a delta-agonist through a conformational change of TM5.
The Glycogen-Binding Domain on the AMPK β Subunit Allows the Kinase to Act as a Glycogen Sensor (2009)

AMPK beta subunits contain a conserved domain that causes association with glycogen. Although glycogen availability is known to affect AMPK regulation in vivo, the molecular mechanism for this has not been clear. We now show that AMPK is inhibited by glycogen, particularly preparations with high branching content. We synthesized a series of branched oligosaccharides and show that those with a single alpha1-->6 branch are allosteric inhibitors that also inhibit phosphorylation by upstream kinases. Removal of the outer chains of glycogen using phosphorylase, thus exposing the outer branches, renders inhibition of AMPK more potent. Inhibition by all carbohydrates tested was dependent on the glycogen-binding domain being abolished by mutation of residues required for carbohydrate binding. Our results suggest the hypothesis that AMPK, as well as monitoring immediate energy availability by sensing AMP/ATP, may also be able to sense the status of cellular energy reserves in the form of glycogen.
Regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression by p53-independent pathways. (1996)

The CDK-inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 has been implicated as a growth arrest mediator in p53-tumour suppression, cellular senescence and terminal differentiation. Cell type specific differences in p53-independent p21 expression and cell cycle arrest were found following treatment of human tumour cell lines with serum, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), or okadaic acid (OA). TPA induced p21 in ML1, K562 and HL60 leukemia cells, whereas OA induced p21 in SW480 and GM4723 carcinoma cells as well as in leukemic cells. In addition, TPA- and serum- but not OA-induced cell cycle arrest was reversed upon return of p21 to basal levels. To further investigate the mechanisms underlying p53-independent regulation of p21, the transcription inhibitor, Actinomycin D (AMD), was used to block p21 expression. The results showed a complete inhibition of p21 mRNA and protein induction by TPA or adriamycin but little effect on p21 mRNA induced by OA in the presence of AMD. These results suggested that TPA-induced p21 expression requires transcription initiation, while a post-transcriptional mechanism may be involved in OA-induction as well. Transient transfection assays with p21 promoter-luciferase reporters and TPA or OA treatment further confirmed that TPA, and to a lesser extent, OA, initiated transcription of p21. Finally, the protein kinase C inhibitor, staurosporine, was found to interfere with p21 induction and prevent cell cycle arrest following treatment with TPA but not OA, suggesting a requirement for PKC in TPA activation of p21 expression.
Composite Nanocrystals Provide New Insight on Alendronate Interaction with Hydroxyapatite Structure (2007)

Alendronate incorporation into hydroxyapatite nanocrystals: a novel approach allows the preparation of composite materials and opens new perspectives on the chemical and structural interactions between bisphosphonates and bone mineral phase. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c2497_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tumor necrosis factor is involved in the T cell-independent pathway of macrophage activation in scid mice. (1989)

We analyzed the T cell-independent production of IFN-gamma in the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mutant mouse. Spleen cells from scid mice secreted high levels of IFN-gamma in response to heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKLM), but not to the T cell stimulus ConA. This response was ablated by prior removal of adherent macrophages. IFN-gamma secretion in vitro was preceded by the rapid production of TNF and was inhibited by addition of neutralizing mAb to TNF. Moreover, injection of scid mice with anti-TNF mAb increased the severity of infection with live Listeria and inhibited macrophage activation for class II-MHC expression. Finally, IFN-gamma secretion and class II-MHC expression were also inhibited by an antibody to asialoGM1, a reagent known to impair host NK cell function. These results suggest that TNF is a critical cytokine in the T cell-independent pathway of macrophage activation in scid mice.
Bioluminescence of Renilla reniformis. XIII. Identification of the product excited states during the chemiluminescent and bioluminescent oxidation of Renilla (sea pansy) luciferin and certain of its analogs (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBioluminescence of Renilla reniformis. XIII. Identification of the product excited states during the chemiluminescent and bioluminescent oxidation of Renilla (sea pansy) luciferin and certain of its analogsKazuo Hori, John E. Wampler, John C. Matthews, and Milton J. CormierCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 22, 4463–4468Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00746a025https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00746a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple origins for phenylketonuria in Europe. (1992)

Phenylketonuria (PKU), a disorder of amino acid metabolism prevalent among Caucasians and other ethnic groups, is caused primarily by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). PKU is a highly heterogeneous disorder, with more than 60 molecular lesions identified in the PAH gene. The haplotype associations, relative frequencies, and distributions of five prevalent PAH mutations (R158Q, R261Q, IVS10nt546, R408W, and IVS12n1) were established in a comprehensive European sample population and subsequently were examined to determine the potential roles of several genetic mechanisms in explaining the present distribution of the major PKU alleles. Each of these five mutations was strongly associated with only one of the more than 70 chromosomal haplotypes defined by eight RFLPs in or near the PAH gene. These findings suggest that each of these mutations arose through a single founding event that occurred within time periods ranging from several hundred to several thousand years ago. From the significant differences observed in the relative frequencies and distributions of these five alleles throughout Europe, four of these putative founding events could be localized to specific ethnic subgroups. Together, these data suggest that there were multiple, geographically and ethnically distinct origins for PKU within the European population.
Extending characters on semigroups (1961)

1. S. Arima, Commutative group varieties, J. Math. Soc. Japan vol. 12 (1960) pp. 227-237. 2. A. Borel, Groupes lin6aires alg6briques, Ann. of Math. vol. 64 (1956) pp. 20-82. 3. S. Lang, Abelian varieties, New York, Interscience, 1959. 4. M. Rosenlicht, Some basic theorems on algebraic groups, Amer. J. Math. vol. 78 (1956) pp. 401-443. 5. , Some rationality questions on algebraic groups, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. vol. 43 (1957) pp. 25-50. 6. , A universal mapping property of generalized jacobian varieties, Ann. of Math. vol. 66 (1957) pp. 80-88. 7. A. Weil, Variet6s abeliennes et courbes algebriques, Paris, Hermann, 1948.
Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging: remote palpation of the mechanical properties of tissue (2003)

Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging is a new modality that utilizes brief, high energy, focused acoustic pulses to generate radiation force in tissue, and conventional diagnostic ultrasound methods to detect the resulting tissue displacements in order to image the mechanical properties of tissue. Tissue displacement magnitude is inversely related to local tissue stiffness, and the temporal response of the tissue is related to its viscosity. A high resolution and wide dynamic range ARFI image can be formed in 30 to 40 msec using modified diagnostic ultrasound scanners with maximum tissue displacements less than 15 microns and tissue heating less than 1 degree Celsius. Tissue recovery to its original position typically occurs in 1 to 2 msec. In vivo images of human breast, abdomen, and arteries demonstrate good correlation between structures on matched B-mode and ARFI images. ARFI images are speckle free and demonstrate resolution similar to that of matched B-mode images. Differences in both peak displacement and recovery response are observed for different tissues. In general, fatty tissues move farther and take longer to reach their maximum displacement than fibrous or muscular tissues, and fibrous tissues recover more slowly than fat or muscle. In some cases, malignant breast lesions appear larger in the ARFI images than they do on matched B-mode images. Results from ongoing human in vivo and ex vivo studies evaluating the correlation between ARFI images and tissue pathology are presented. The spatial and temporal patterns of radiation force induced target motion in phantoms and in vivo for varying transmit aperture characteristics, transducer frequencies, and target characteristics are discussed. Images of radiation force induced shear waves both in vivo and ex vivo are also presented. Tissue structural boundaries are apparent in the propagating shear wave images. ARFI imaging is currently implemented on both a modified Siemens Elegra scanner with a 75L40 linear array transducer and a modified Siemens Antares scanner using a VF13-5 linear array using radiation force application times ranging from .03 to 1 msec, with real-time data acquisition and off line post processing. Differences in tissue response to radiation force suggest that ARFI imaging has the potential to provide clinicians with valuable insight into local differences in tissue mechanical properties that are not currently possible.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for products of the 60-megadalton plasmid of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 (1991)

Eighty strains of pathogenic Escherichia coli, representing each of the major diarrheal disease-causing groups, were examined by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of proteins associated with a 60-MDa plasmid from E. coli serotype O157:H7. Antiserum specific for plasmid-encoded proteins was prepared by immunizing a rabbit with a wild-type E. coli O157:H7 strain (strain 7785) and absorbing the serum with a plasmid-cured derivative (strain 2-45). Use of this antiserum in Western immunoblot analysis detected two proteins of 82 and 92 kDa in strain 7785 but not in strain 2-45. All 16 wild-type E. coli O157:H7 strains and all 10 Shiga-like toxin (SLT)-producing E. coli strains of serotypes other than O157 were ELISA positive. Thirteen of 14 enterotoxigenic and all of 24 enteroinvasive E. coli strains were ELISA negative, as were all of 16 E. coli strains isolated from healthy persons. Of 16 traditional enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) serotypes, 10 were ELISA positive, including 10 of 12 strains carrying the EPEC adherence factor gene. Absorption of the serum with an EPEC adherence factor-positive EPEC eliminated EPEC reactivity. This study demonstrates that two plasmid-mediated proteins are common to E. coli O157:H7 strains and to SLT-producing strains of other serotypes. Detection of these proteins by ELISA provides a sensitive and specific screening test for identifying SLT-producing E. coli of both O157 and non-O157 serotypes. Identification of the cross-reactive proteins found in EPEC could provide the basis for a single assay to detect both EPEC and SLT-producing E. coli.