gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frac Hit Induced Production Losses: Evaluating Root Causes, Damage Location, Possible Prevention Methods and Success of Remediation Treatments, Part II (2018)

Abstract Millions of dollars in production losses are occurring from fracture-driven well-to-well interference (frac hits) in horizontal wells in unconventional play reservoirs. The work presented in SPE 187192 has been continued in this paper with a new case study (Case Study V), data from a pair of Wolfcamp B wells in the Permian Basin. The parent well suffered fracture interference during the child well's stimulation operations, negatively effecting production. The child and parent wells were both completed with the "plug and perf" technique. The parent well was completed with 74 stages while the child well's completion consisted of 105 frac stages. The child well was drilled with a longer lateral and the first 72 stages of the well's fracturing operations caused clear, repeatable pressure changes in the parent well. The data from these two wells is rich in cause and effect and permits compelling observations and conclusions. These findings were then compared to those from Case Studies I-IV, SPE 187192. Detailed plots of the pressure changes superimposed with fracturing data were created and studied to better understand the significance and cause of what was happening to the Case Study V parent well. The shut-in pressure data from the parent well was taken at the intake of the electrical submersible pump (ESP) and recorded in 1-3 minute increments. Both wells have the same number of perf clusters per stage, stage spacing and amount of sand per stage. One-second fracture stimulation data for both completions was available. Case Study V plots and examples from Case Studies I-IV were put side-to-side and back-to-back to quickly view the similarities and differences. Fact-based conclusions were reached regarding causality of fracture-driven communication and interference between these wells. Preface The study for this paper is based on and uses data from nearly 200 individual fracture stimulation stages pumped in five pairs of wells. In order to document and discuss that much information, there are numerous plots and illustrations. While this is perhaps unconventional, it must be pointed out that a paper that is focused on data MUST show the data. Time constraints prevented the inclusion of several additional plots and "Part III" is being planned and is in the works. SPE 187192 (part I), King et al (2017) will be referred to several times and a few of the old plots are shown. There are new plots and observations from Case Studies I-IV.
Comparative study of gel-based separated arcdischarge, HiPCO, and CoMoCAT carbon nanotubes for macroelectronic applications (2013)

Due to their excellent electrical properties and compatibility with room-temperature deposition/printing processing, high-purity single-walled semiconducting carbon nanotubes hold great potential for macroelectronic applications such as in thin-film transistors and display back-panel electronics. However, the relative advantages and disadvantages of various nanotubes for macroelectronics remains an open issue, despite the great significance. Here in this paper, we report a comparative and systematic study of three kinds of mainstream carbon nanotubes (arc-discharge, HiPCO, CoMoCAT) separated using low-cost gel-based column chromatography for thin-film transistor applications, and high performance transistors-which satisfy the requirements for transistors used in active matrix organic light-emitting diode displays-have been achieved. We observe a trade-off between transistor mobility and on/off ratio depending on the nanotube diameter. While arc-discharge nanotubes with larger diameters lead to high device mobility, HiPCO and CoMoCAT nanotubes with smaller diameters can provide high on/off ratios (> 106) for transistors with comparable dimensions. Furthermore, we have also compared gel-based separated nanotubes with nanotubes separated using the density gradient ultracentrifuge (DGU) method, and find that gel-separated nanotubes can offer purity and thin-film transistor performance as good as DGU-separated nanotubes. Our approach can serve as the critical foundation for future carbon nanotube-based thin-film macroelectronics.
CBP gene transfer increases BDNF levels and ameliorates learning and memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (2010)

Cognitive dysfunction and memory loss are common features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormalities in the expression profile of immediate early genes that play a critical role in memory formation, such as the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), have been reported in the brains of AD patients. Here we show that amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, which plays a primary role in the cognitive deficits of AD, interferes with CREB activity. We further show that restoring CREB function via brain viral delivery of the CREB-binding protein (CBP) improves learning and memory deficits in an animal model of AD. Notably, such improvements occur without changes in Aβ and tau pathology, and instead are linked to an increased level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The resulting data suggest that Aβ-induced learning and memory deficits are mediated by alterations in CREB function, based on the finding that restoring CREB activity by directly modulating CBP levels in the brains of adult mice is sufficient to ameliorate learning and memory. Therefore, increasing CBP expression in adult brains may be a valid therapeutic approach not only for AD, but also for various brain disorders characterized by alterations in immediate early genes, further supporting the concept that viral vector delivery may be a viable therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases.
ALCAM (CD166): its role in hematopoietic and endothelial development (2001)

A critical role for the endothelium of yolk sac and dorsal aorta has been shown in embryonic hematopoiesis. A stromal cell line derived from yolk sac, YSCL-72, has been chosen to search for a novel molecule associated with embryonic hematopoiesis. Analysis between YSCL-72 and an adult aorta-derived endothelial cell line, EOMA, demonstrated that activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM, or CD166) was specifically expressed in YSCL-72 but not in EOMA. Immunohistochemical study showed that ALCAM was expressed in the endothelium of yolk sac and dorsal aorta but not in adult aorta. ALCAM-transfected EOMA cells supported development of hematopoietic progenitor cells compared with vector-transfected EOMA cells, suggesting that ALCAM appeared to be crucial for hematopoiesis. In addition, ALCAM was found to be involved in capillary tube formation and hemangioblast differentiation. Taken together with these findings, ALCAM is highly associated not only with embryonic hematopoiesis but also vasculoangiogenesis.
Monte Carlo simulation of hot electron charge transport in diamond under an internal electric field (1995)

Charge transport in diamond is studied using the Monte Carlo method, in which the scattering of electrons by phonons is considered stochastically. It is assumed that electrons are injected into the diamond conduction band with an initial equilibrium energy distribution and they are then accelerated by the internal field subject to phonon scattering. It is found that the electron energy distribution is independent of the field up to ≂0.1 V/μm. For larger fields, ‘‘hot’’ electron transport is predicted, i.e., the distribution shows a tail which depends on the internal field and the thickness of the diamond film. It implies that if electron field emission is from the conduction band in a diamond film, the transport and the energy spectrum of the emitted electrons should exhibit hot electron features.
Inhibitors of calling behavior of Plodia interpunctella (2003)

Some octopamine agonists were found to suppress the calling behavior of the stored product Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Compounds were screened using a calling behavior bioassay using female P. interpunctella. Four active derivatives, with inhibitory activity at the nanomolar range, were identified in order of decreasing activity: 2-(1-phenylethylamino)-2-oxazoline > 2-(2-ethyl,6-methylanilino)oxazolidine > 2-(2-methyl benzylamino)-2-thiazoline > 2-(2,6-diethylanilino)thiazolidine. Three-dimensional pharmacophore hypotheses were built from a set of 15 compounds. Among the ten common-featured models generated by the program Catalyst/HipHop, a hypothesis including a hydrogen-bond acceptor lipid, a hydrophobic aromatic and two hydrophobic aliphatic features was considered to be essential for inhibitory activity in the calling behavior. Active compounds mapped well onto all the hydrogen-bond acceptor lipid, hydrophobic aromatic and hydrophobic aliphatic features of the hypothesis. On the other hand, less active compounds were shown not to achieve the energetically favorable conformation that is found in the active molecules in order to fit the 3D common-feature pharmacophore models. The present studies demonstrate that inhibition of calling behavior is via an octopamine receptor.
Identification of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>Outer Surface Proteins (2005)

ABSTRACT Several Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface proteins have been identified over the past decade that are up-regulated by temperature- and/or mammalian host-specific signals as this spirochete is transmitted from ticks to mammals. Given the potential role(s) that these differentially up-regulated proteins may play in B. burgdorferi transmission and Lyme disease pathogenesis, much attention has recently been placed on identifying additional borrelial outer surface proteins. To identify uncharacterized B. burgdorferi outer surface proteins, we previously performed a comprehensive gene expression profiling analysis of temperature-shifted and mammalian host-adapted B. burgdorferi . The combined microarray analyses revealed that many genes encoding known and putative outer surface proteins are down-regulated in mammalian host-adapted B. burgdorferi . At the same time, however, several different genes encoding putative outer surface proteins were found to be up-regulated during the transmission and infection process. Among the putative outer surface proteins identified, biochemical and surface localization analyses confirmed that seven (Bb0405, Bb0689, BbA36, BbA64, BbA66, BbA69, and BbI42) are localized to the surface of B. burgdorferi . Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis using serum from tick-infested baboons indicated that all seven outer surface proteins identified are immunogenic and that antibodies are generated against all seven during a natural infection. Specific antibodies generated against all seven of these surface proteins were found to be bactericidal against B. burgdorferi , indicating that these newly identified outer surface proteins are prime candidates for analysis as second-generation Lyme disease vaccinogens.
Construction of genomic libraries of mycobacterial origin: identification of recombinants encoding mycobacterial-specific proteins. (1986)

A complete genomic library from Mycobacterium vaccae (2785 recombinants) and a partial genomic library of M. leprae and BCG (300 and 1750 clones, respectively) were constructed in the plasmid pBR322. Bam HI was selected as the restriction endonuclease for obtaining DNA cleavage products. Evidence was obtained for limited expression of the cloned mycobacterial DNA inserts in Escherichia coli. A recombinant has been identified which codes for antigen immunoreactive with rabbit anti-M. leprae antibody but not with anti-H37Rv antibody.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru‐BICP‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Statistical Process Control in Iron Powder Production and New Product Development (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">SPC is discussed with a view to indicating its implications not only to manufacturing and quality but to research and product development as well.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the manufacturing/quality area, the efforts and methods attending full scale implementation of SPC are briefly reviewed with special reference to the differences inherent in powder making versus manufacturing of parts. SPC charting techniques suitable for powder making are described and discussed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the product development area, it is shown how SPC influenced a major research program. The objective of the program was to improve premixed products with a view to reducing variability in parts manufacturing.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">ANOVA studies of production mixes generally showed that the main sources of premix variability were mix to mix differences and within mix differences arising from demixing subsequent to premix manufacture. It was recognized that SPC is especially applicable to dealing with the first of these and subsequent efforts to implement it to premixes are described. In the case of demixing, the development of a new premixing process is reported in which the alloy admix ingredients are bonded to the iron.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The general findings of extensive studies which show the benefits of the new process in terms of reduced variability in parts manufacturing are reviewed and the results of a study of an FC-0208 premix are presented as an example. SPC theory and concepts are used to indicate the significance of the results and their potential applicability to the production of parts.</div>
[The healthy life]. (1997)

This study is based on a comparison of the habits and opinions of a group of pupils on entering the Damaia Preparatory School (5th and 6th years of education) and of the same group on leaving this School. Its aim is to contribute towards an adequate education for health at school in order to promote healthy living habits. The study was based on the comparison of data obtained from two random samples, chosen from the same group of pupils when entering (n1 = 36 out of a total of 368) and leaving (n2 = 32 out of a total of 164) the above mentioned school. The collection of data was carried out by means of a multiple-choice questionnaire given to a total of 532 pupils. The results demonstrated that the frequencies have changed in the following way: a) bathing has increased; b) tea drinking has decreased; c) the image of the teacher as a smoker has become less frequent; d) the number of pupils who have tried alcoholic beverages has increased; e) mother's smoking habits have increased. The other trends that were found in the study showed that there were no significant changes in either the behaviour or opinions that had been studied.
Cross-linked chitosan films: effect of cross-linking density on swelling parameters. (2010)

Equilibrium water content (EWC), equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) and mass gain ratio are the swelling parameters that are useful for correlating drug release characteristics from polymeric films, barriers etc. These parameters can be judiciously used in predicting and modifying drug release from dosage forms. Further, drug release is known to be influenced by cross-linking density. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted to study the influence of cross-linking density on swelling parameters. For this purpose, chitosan (CH) films were prepared by cross-linking with various concentrations of sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) or sodium citrate (NaCit) solutions. The swelling parameters and in vitro permeation of model polar drug (5-FU) and nonpolar drug (INDO) cross-linked CH films were determined. The swelling characteristics revealed that cross-linking with 5% w/v NaTPP or 10% w/v NaCit solution of films containing 4% w/v CH as well as with 1% w/v NaTPP or 5% w/v NaCit solution of films containing 2.5% w/v CH exhibited minimum ESR and EWC. The in vitro permeation of both 5-FU and INDO across these films was lowest. However, these films showed maximum mass gain ratio. Further, lowest ΔH of the endothermic transition characteristics of water uptake in films suggested the role of cross-linking density in water uptake by these films. IR analysis showed two terminal -PO(3)- moieties of NaTPP or -COO- moieties of NaCit to be linked with two -NH(3)+ (OOCH(3)-) moieties of CH monomers one on each side. Overall, the results indicate role of swelling parameters in predicting cross-linking density in polymeric films.
Bcl-2 has a cell cycle inhibitory function separable from its enhancement of cell survival. (1996)

Myeloid maturation appears to require exit from the cell cycle and leads to activation of apoptosis in the differentiated cells. The level of Bcl-2, which is known to promote cell survival, is shown here to influence both these critical steps. Bcl-2 function during myelomonocytic differentiation was investigated by introducing a deregulated bcl-2 gene into HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells, which can be induced to exit the cell cycle and differentiate into granulocytes or monocytes. Deregulated Bcl-2 expression did not itself promote differentiation but extended the lifespan of mature cells elicited by granulocytic or monocytic inducers. Unexpectedly, in response to induction, Bcl-2 overexpression markedly potentiated and hastened cell cycle withdrawal into G(0). Enhanced survival cannot account for the elevated numbers of G(0) cells, because they arose under induction conditions that did not kill control cells. Since the cell cycle status and growth of uninduced cells was not affected by Bcl-2-overexpression, its cell cycle inhibitory activity must require an induction signal. While cell cycle withdrawal may be necessary for maturation, it was not sufficient, implicating a requirement for specific differentiative signals. These results identify, for the first time, a function for the bcl-2 proto-oncogene that is separable from its enhancement of cell survival.
Control System Synthesis by Root Locus Method (1950)

The root locus method determines all of the roots of the differential equation of a control system by a graphical plot which readily permits synthesis for desired transient response or frequency response. The base points for this plot On the complex plane are the zeros and poles of the open loop transfer function, which are readily available. The locus of roots is a plot of the values of s which make this transfer function equal to - 1 as loop gain is increased from zero to infinity. The plot can be established in approximate form by inspection and the significant parts of the locus calculated accurately and quickly by use of a simple device. For multiple loop systems, one solves the innermost loop first, which then permits the next loop to be solved by another root locus plot. The resultant plot gives a complete picture of the system, which is particularly valuable for unusual systems or those which have wide variations in parameters.
An Experimental Study on the Quenching of Flame by Narrow Cylindrical Passage (1977)

To clarify the quenching characteristics of flame for a narrow cylindrical passage, the critical velocity of flame likely to ignite the outer mixture over a passage exit was investigated in relation to the dimensions of the passage. As the result of experiment, it was found that there existed two critical velocities of flame for given dimensions of passage in lower and considerably higher ranges of velocities. After some discussions about two critical limits from several points of view, it was shown that the lower limits were mainly concerned with cooling effect in passage and the higher limits had close relation to the flow conditions of hot jet issuing from the passage, and that in the latter case, quenching of flame by turbulent eddies might be considered one of the possible mechanisms.
INITIAL LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AND INITIAL MASS FUNCTION FOR OPEN CLUSTERS AND ASSOCIATIONS (1988)

Combining the luminosity functions of main sequence stars in 3 associations and 22 open clusters, the initial luminosity function and mass function for these clusters are derived. For stars of m > , they are well consistent with those for the field stars.
Convection battery—modeling, insight, and review (2013)

Porous electrode theory was used to model performance of the convection battery using lithium iron‐phosphate chemistry. The model results and underlying equations were able to quantify and extend previous interpretations of laboratory validation studies. These analyses substantiated the following conclusions on the performance of the convection battery: (a) flow in the convection battery can reduce concentration overpotentials by 99.9%, (b) both the ionic and electron conductivities of solid phases can have a major impact on convection battery performance, and (c) the solid‐phase ionic conductivity of a porous separator is an important design parameter and is not considered by porous electrode theory as published to date. In view of the ability of the convection battery to overcome both bulk diffusion and liquid‐phase effective conductivity limitations; the convection battery has an unprecedented potential to redefine the performance of large batteries. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 59: 2833–2842, 2013
Dynamic magnetomechanical properties of Terfenol-D/epoxy pseudo 1-3 composites (2005)

Terfenol-D/epoxy pseudo 1-3 composites were fabricated by embedding and aligning Terfenol-D particles with a size distribution of 10–300μm in a passive epoxy matrix using six Terfenol-D volume fractions (υf) ranging from 0.22 to 0.72. The dependence of the dynamic relative permeability (μr33T), elastic modulus (E3H), and dynamic strain coefficient (d33) on υf was investigated as a function of magnetic bias field (HBias). The HBias response data showed that the built-in non-180° domain states related to residual compressive stresses in the composites result in a significant decrease in μr33T for HBias&lt;40kA∕m in addition to a minimization of E3H and a maximization of d33 near HBias=40kA∕m. The υf dependent data revealed that μr33T is almost a linear function of υf; E3H increases gradually with increasing υf; and d33 increases initially, leveling off for υf&gt;0.5. The present study provides a useful guide to optimize the composite properties for transducer design.
Sulfonylcarbamates as Amino Protecting Groups in Peptide Chemistry (1976)

Abstract In a search for new peptide coupling agents N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine and methyl L-alaninate were treated with p-tosylisocyanate in the hope of obtaining the model racemization peptide methyl N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alaninate and benzenesulfonamide.1 Instead, the reaction gave in moderate yield alanyl tosylhydantoin, identified by an independent synthesis and spectral data. This result suggested that the treatment of an amino acid (1) with p-tosyliso-cyanate (2) would yield the corresponding p-tosyl-aminocarbonyl derivative (3) or Tac-Amino acid.