gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Über die Einwirkung von Wasserstoff auf einige metallorganische Verbindungen und Komplexe (1962)

Abstract Die Einwirkung von Wasserstoff auf Organolithium‐Verbindungen erfolgt je nach Lösungsmittel mit verschiedener Geschwindigkeit. — Die Metall–C‐Bindung in Organomangan‐Verbindungen und besonders im Di‐cyclopentadienyl‐dimethyl‐titan wird durch molekularen Wasserstoff gespalten, wobei man aus der letztgenannten Verbindung Di‐cyclopentadienyl‐titan(II) erhält. — Die Reaktion des Wasserstoffs mit Komplexen aus Cyclopentadienyl‐titan‐ und aluminiumorganischen Verbindungen geben eine Erklärung für den molgewichtssenkenden Einfluß des Wasserstoffs bei der Äthylenpolymerisation mit den metallorganischen Mischkatalysatoren.
<i>Clostridium</i> Neurotoxin Fragments as Potential Targeting Moieties for Liposomal Gene Delivery to the CNS (2007)

Targeted transfection of the CNS with synthetic, nonviral vectors represents a huge technical challenge. The approach explored here attempts to combine self-assembly ABCD nanoparticles (Kostarelos and Miller, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2005, 34, 970), with the potential of Clostridium neurotoxin fragments to effect receptor-mediated transfection of neuronal cells. Cationic liposome-plasmid DNA complexes were first modified with a PEG stealth layer, before the addition of C-terminal fragments of tetanus toxin (TH(C)), botulinum toxin (BH(C)) or the truncated C-terminal domain of TH(C) as biological "targeting" ligands. First-generation nanoparticles were identified for the transfection of two neuronal cell lines (human SH-5YSY and rat/mouse hybrid N18-RE105); control studies were also performed with HeLa cells. ABCD nanoparticle transfections of the neuronal cell lines were up to 30-fold higher than corresponding control transfections with nanoparticles that lacked the protein ligand. We also demonstrate apparent receptor-mediated uptake by means of competition-binding and real-time confocal experiments. By contrast, nanoparticle transfection of HeLa cells appeared to involve alternative nonspecific enhanced cellular uptake mechanism(s). Receptor-mediated and nonspecific mechanisms appear to be in competition, potentially harming the capacity of receptor-mediated delivery to effect proper targeted delivery of nucleic acids to cells ex vivo and in vivo.
Application of Ozone with Physical Wastewater Treatments to Recondition Poultry Process Waters (1989)

Several wastewater treatments, including direct ozonation and a combination of ozonation with either slow sand filtration, dissolved air flotation, or diatomaceous earth (DE) filtration, were tested for their ability to recondition broiler process waters. The quality of broiler prechiller overflow water was significantly improved with all wastewater treatments examined, surpassing the USDA’s recycling requirements in nearly all trials. A combination of screening, DE filtration, and ozonation yielded the highest quality water. With this treatment, significant reductions in chemical oxygen demand, total solids, and the total microbial load including coliform bacteria and salmonellae of 87, 65, and 99.9%, respectively, were detected in the reconditioned prechiller water. Percentage of light transmission at 500 nm (%T) of treated water increased to 97% of tap water and compared favorably with %T of potable water. This same water treatment was tested on final carcass rinse and neck chiller overflow waters. The quality of these treated waters was also significantly improved. It was concluded that poultry process waters could be effectively reconditioned for recycling by screening, DE filtration, and ozonation. Furthermore, wastewater organic loads discharged to wastewater treatment facilities can be effectively reduced through these reconditioning practices.
Anti-glutamine synthetase and other potential autoantibody biomarkers in the sera of patients with age-related macular degeneration (2015)

Recent findings indicate that immunological factors, in particular a possible autoimmune response, are involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To reveal an autoantibody profile for AMD and identify biomarkers for progression of this disease, we performed an antigen microarray analysis of serum samples from patients with AMD and healthy controls. Sera from the AMD groups contained higher levels of IgG and IgM antibodies to various ocular antigens and immune molecules, respectively, when compared to the normal group. Anti-complement C4 IgG (odds ratio, OR=16.4) and anti-cytomegalovirus IgM (OR=13.0) were best correlated with the development of dry AMD, and anti-apolipoprotein E IgG (OR=14.5) and anti-complement factor H IgM (OR=6.0) were the most reliable biomarkers for progression from dry to wet AMD. Moreover, IgGs purified from sera of AMD patients contained high reactivity to glutamine synthetase (GS) and inhibited activity of GS in a dose dependent manner. Ocular expression of GS decreased with age in mice, suggesting that the accumulation of glutamate, which has strong neurotoxicity, contributes to retinal degeneration. Our data demonstrate that patient seroreactivities to specific ocular antigens might be used as biomarkers for AMD, and that anti-GS IgG could be associated with the pathogenesis of the disease.
Synthetic Approach to Hypoxyxylerone, Novel Inhibitor of Topoisomerase I (2002)

[reaction: see text] A potential route to the topoisomerase I inhibitor hypoxyxylerone is demonstrated by a highly convergent synthesis of the penta(O-methyl) derivative. The key step in the approach is an anionic homo-Fries rearrangement, little used to date in natural product synthesis and employed here for the first time with a dinaphthalenic substrate, to access the pentacyclic system of hypoxyxylerone.
High performance (VOx)n–(TiOx)m/SBA-15 catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (2013)

Grafted VxOy catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODP) have been studied due to their potential high performance and as model catalysts in the past. We report on a positive synergetic effect capable of considerably enhancing the propene productivities above reported performances. The most productive catalysts were found at metal loadings (V + Ti) close to the monolayer coverage. The 4V/13Ti/SBA-15 catalyst presented a considerably high productivity (6–9 kgpropene kgcat−1 h−1). Moreover, with this catalyst, propene productivity only slightly decreased as a function of propane conversion, indicating that propene combustion toward COx occurs more slowly in comparison to other catalysts exhibiting high propene productivities. A detailed kinetic analysis of the 4V/13Ti/SBA-15 catalyst revealed that high vanadia and titania dispersions are required for high propene productivity.
Critical Conditions for Improved Fermentability During Overliming of Acid Hydrolysates from Spruce (2005)

Bioethanol can be produced from wood via acid hydrolysis, but detoxification is needed to achieve good fermentability. Overliming was investigated in a factorial designed experiment, in which pH and temperature were varied. Degradation of inhibitory furan aldehydes was more extensive compared to monosaccharides. Too harsh conditions led to massive degradation of sugars and formation of inhibiting acids and phenols. The ethanol productivity and yield after optimal overliming reached levels exceeding reference fermentations of pure glucose. A novel metric, the balanced ethanol yield, which takes both ethanol production and losses of fermentable sugars into account, was introduced and showed the optimal conditions within the investigated range. The findings allow process technical and economical considerations to govern the choice of conditions for overliming.
Preparation of Perfluoronitrosoalkanes. Reaction of Trifluoroacetic Anhydride with Nitrosyl Chloride (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Perfluoronitrosoalkanes. Reaction of Trifluoroacetic Anhydride with Nitrosyl ChlorideJ. D. Park, R. W. Rosser, and J. R. LacherCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 4, 1462Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01051a519https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01051a519research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase in cell signalling (2007)

Although it is now well established that PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key enzyme in several intracellular processes, there are still relatively few reports that precisely identify the specific isoforms of PI3K actually involved in such events. The lack of specific inhibitors has made it particularly difficult to address the physiological roles of some isoforms, such as the members of class II. As a consequence, there is still relatively little understanding of the role of these enzymes and the question about the intracellular role of these isoforms still waits for more answers.
Understanding the efficacy of linewidth roughness postprocessing (2015)

Lack of progress in reducing linewidth roughness of lithographic features has led to investigations of the use of postlithography process smoothing techniques. However, it remains unclear whether such postprocessing will sufficiently reduce the detrimental effects of feature roughness. Thus, there is a need to understand the efficacy of postprocessing on not just roughness reduction, but on the negative device impacts of roughness. We derive model equations of how roughness impacts lithographic performance and incorporates smoothing using postprocessing. These models clearly show that postprocess smoothing works best by increasing the correlation length. Increasing the correlation length is very effective at reducing high-frequency roughness that impacts within-feature variations but is less effective at reducing low-frequency roughness that impacts feature-to-feature variations. It seems that postprocess smoothing is not a substitute for reducing the initial roughness of resist features.
Pressure Measurement Based on Thermocouples (2010)

Measuring gas pressures reliably in a harsh radiation environment was confirmed to be tricky during operation of the liquid spallation target of MEGAPIE at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). Severe drift of calibration and the loss of a sensor were experienced. At the same time, the only instrumentation that worked flawlessly in the system were thermocouples. Motivated by this experience, a novel pressure sensor for application in high radiation fields has been developed, which is based on temperature measurement. The new sensor takes advantage of the fact that the thermal conductivity over a mechanical joint exhibits a strong dependence on the contact pressure. In the novel sensor heating is applied at one point and temperatures are measured at different specific locations of the pressure gage; in particular, the temperatures on the two sides of a mechanical contact are monitored. From the observed temperature distribution the gas pressure can be derived. By choosing specific mechanical details in the lay-out, it is possible to tailor the useful measurement range. In addition to yielding pressure values, the new sensor concept admits for obtaining a measure for the accuracy of the result. This is done by continuous self monitoring of the device. The health status and based thereupon the plausibility of the indicated pressure value can be deducted by comparing sensed temperatures to expectation values for any given heating power. Malfunctioning of the pressure gage is reliably detected from the diverse readings of only one device; this can be seen as providing internal redundancy while at the same time immunity to common mode failure. After some analytical and finite element studies to verify the concept in principle, a first prototype of such a novel pressure sensor has been built at PSI. Initial measurement campaigns demonstrated the correct operation of the device as anticipated. Further potential for optimization, like designing a gage for high temperature applications or the miniaturization of such sensors, has been revealed.
New doping method for subhalf micron trench sidewalls by using an electron cyclotron resonance plasma (1988)

A new doping method for the vertical sidewall of a trench by electron cyclotron resonance plasma is described. The plasma was produced under a pressure of 5×10−4 Torr. A doped layer was formed uniformly along the sidewall of a trench with subhalf micron width and an aspect ratio of 6.2. By using a de-ionized water cooling system, the wafer temperature was maintained below 120 °C and the boron dopant was introduced without damage to the photoresist.
Consumption of fermented milk products and breast cancer: a case-control study in The Netherlands. (1989)

In a case-control study in The Netherlands, we observed a significantly lower consumption of fermented milk products (predominantly yogurt and buttermilk) among 133 incident breast cancer cases as compared to 289 population controls (mean +/- SD among users only, 116 +/- 100 versus 157 +/- 144 g/day; P less than 0.01). The age-adjusted odds ratio of daily consumption of 1.5 glasses (greater than or equal to 225 g) of fermented milk versus none was 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.23-1.08). When fermented milk was entered as a continuous variable (per g) in either age-adjusted or multivariate analysis, the odds ratio expressed per 225 g was 0.63 (multivariate-adjusted 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.96). After multivariate adjustment for intake of fat and other confounders, a statistically significant decrease in breast cancer risk was also observed for increasing intake of Gouda cheese. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio expressed per 60 g of this fermented product was 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.95). For daily intake of milk, no statistically significant differences were observed between cases and controls. These results support the hypothesis that high consumption of fermented milk products may protect against breast cancer.
Handover Optimised Authentication Scheme for High Mobility Wireless Multicast (2015)

In this paper a distributed handover optimized authentication scheme based on independent session key per access network (HOISKA) is developed for the decentralized multi-service group key management scheme over wireless mobile multicast. It enables a handover user Mi involved in multiple multicast service subscriptions to securely reuse the long term credential initially issued by the trusted authentication server (As) for deriving unique session keys per access network as it performs handover authentication across various access networks. The distributed nature of the scheme enables offloading the authentication function to the area network controllers (AKDs) such that As is not involved during handover exchange authentication signaling. This simplifies handover by reducing handover exchange signalling constituting to handover delays. Handover Access authentication (HAA) phase in HOISKA is presented then analyzed using the delay analytical model. The model proves efficacy by inducing minimum delays with less handover blocking probability while providing same level of security to the widely deployed handover authentication scheme.
Unprecedented Acceleration of Zirconium(IV)-Assisted Peptide Hydrolysis at Neutral pH (2004)

4,13-Diaza-18-crown-6 substantially increases the rate of zirconium(IV) hydrolysis of unactivated peptide amide bonds under near-physiological conditions of temperature and pH. In the presence of this azacrown ether, ZrCl(4) efficiently hydrolyses both neutral and negatively charged peptides (pH 7.0-7.3, 37-60 degrees C).
Continuous acetone‐butanol‐ethanol (ABE) fermentation using immobilized cells of <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> in a packed bed reactor and integration with product removal by pervaporation (1991)

An integrated solvent (ABE) fermentation and product removal process was investigated. A stable solvent productivity of 3.5 g/L h was achieved by using cells of Clostridium acetobutylicum immobilized onto a packed bed of bonechar, coupled with continuous product removal by pervaporation. Using a concentrated feed solution containing lactose at 130g/L, a lactose value of 97.9% was observed. The integrated fermentation and product removal system, with recycling of the treated fermentor effluent containing only low amount of solvents (/but lactose and acids), leads to only low acid losses. Therefore, most of the acids are converted to solvents, and this results in a high solvent yield of 0.39 g solvents/g lactose utilized. The pervaporation system provided a high product removal rate even at low solvent concentrations. A solvent membrane flux of 7.1 g/m(2) h with a selectivity of 5 was achieved during these investigations. The system proved to be very reliable.
Archipelago: A polymorphic cache design for enabling robust near-threshold operation (2011)

Extreme technology integration in the sub-micron regime comes with a rapid rise in heat dissipation and power density for modern processors. Dynamic voltage scaling is a widely used technique to tackle this problem when high performance is not the main concern. However, the minimum achievable supply voltage for the processor is often bounded by the large on-chip caches since SRAM cells fail at a significantly faster rate than logic cells when reducing supply voltage. This is mainly due to the higher susceptibility of the SRAM structures to process-induced parameter variations. In this work, we propose a highly flexible fault-tolerant cache design, Archipelago, that by reconfiguring its internal organization can efficiently tolerate the large number of SRAM failures that arise when operating in the near-threshold region. Archipelago partitions the cache to multiple autonomous islands with various sizes which can operate correctly without borrowing redundancy from each other. Our configuration algorithm - an adapted version of minimum clique covering - exploits the high degree of flexibility in the Archipelago architecture to reduce the granularity of redundancy replacement and minimize the amount of space lost in the cache when operating in near-threshold region. Using our approach, the operational voltage of a processor can be reduced to 375mV, which translates to 79% dynamic and 51% leakage power savings (in 90nm) for a microprocessor similar to the Alpha 21364. These power savings come with a 4.6% performance drop-off when operating in low power mode and 2% area overhead for the microprocessor.
Norrie disease gene sequence variants in an ethnically diverse population with retinopathy of prematurity. (2005)

Of the six sequence alterations found, five were novel nucleotide changes: One in the 5' UTR region of exon 2, and four in the 3' UTR region of exon 3. The extent of NDP polymorphisms in this large, racially diverse group of infants is moderate. NDP polymorphisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of ROP, but do not appear to be a major causative factor.
Inducible expression of the kinin B<sub>1</sub> receptor in the endotoxemic heart: mechanisms of des‐Arg<sup>9</sup>bradykinin‐induced coronary vasodilation (1999)

1 We have investigated the role of kinin B1 receptor induction in the endotoxemic rat heart and elucidated the mechanisms underlying B1 receptor-mediated coronary vasodilation. We also investigated the role of these receptors in endotoxin-induced hypotension. 2 Endotoxin treatment induced cardiac B1 receptor mRNA expression and promoted a coronary vasodilation response to des-Arg9bradykinin (DABK; ED50 = 149.4 pmol, n = 9) ex vivo peaking at 6 h. The B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9-[Leu8]-BK (DALBK, 30 nM) significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the DABK-induced response (pA2 = 8.4, n = 5) whilst HOE140 (B2 receptor antagonist, 10 nM) was inactive (n = 4). 3 Removal of the endothelium or infusion with indomethacin (5 microM), but not L-NAME (300 microM) or ODQ (1 microM), inhibited (>85%, P<0.05, n = 5) the DABK-induced response. DABK caused a dose-dependent release of the prostacyclin metabolite, 6-keto-PGF1a (Emax = 0.3 ng ml-1, n = 6). 4 In vitro perfusion of hearts with endotoxin (1 microg ml-1, n = 6) or interleukin-1beta (5 ng ml-1, n = 6) induced B1 receptor mRNA expression and promoted a time-dependent vasodilation response to DABK. 5 Endotoxin treatment (6 h) in vivo promoted a hypotensive response to DABK (ED50 = 29.7 nmol kg-1, n = 10) which was antagonised by DALBK (3-6 nmol kg-1 min-1, P<0.05, n = 7). DALBK (3 nmol kg-1 min-1) and des-Arg10HOE140 (B1 receptor antagonist, 30 nmol kg-1 min-1) produced a 5.3% (n = 6, P<0.05) and 8.8% (n = 5, P<0.05) reversal, respectively, of endotoxin-induced hypotension. 6 In summary, we have shown that in endotoxemia activation of B1 receptors causes coronary vasodilation via endothelial prostacyclin release. Additionally, B1 receptor antagonists partially reversed endotoxin-induced hypotension. Therefore activation of B1 receptors may have a role to play in the vascular changes associated with endotoxemia.
Controlling the Bandlimits of TE-Surface Wave Propagation Along a Modulated Microstrip-Line-Based High Impedance Surface (2008)

A hybrid numerical-analytical method for the characterization of the propagation of the transverse-electric surface waves along a high impedance surface (HIS) is presented. The HIS is obtained by a 2-D periodic repetition of a rectangular unit cell on a Cartesian grid. The unit cell consists of a microstrip line with variable width immersed in a grounded multilayer dielectric substrate. Inside the unit cell, the effective value of the dielectric is sinusoidally modulated along the direction of the microstrip line, and the dimension of the unit cell is equal to the period of the modulation. On the basis of the modulation parameters, limits of the stop/pass bands are determined analytically employing Mathieu's functions. The synthesis of the shape of the microstrip line that guarantees the desired modulation requires the numerical determination of the phase velocity - line width relationship which is not known in closed form for the considered unbounded open structure. The limits of the pass/stop bands determined analytically are in very good agreement with those found numerically and measured values for different modulation parameters.
Protein-protein interactions between lens vimentin and alphaB-crystallin using FRET acceptor photobleaching. (2008)

Our results show that the R120G alphaB-crystallin mutant promoted vimentin aggregation through increased protein-protein interaction. This process may contribute to the formation of congenital cataract.