gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Iodoalkylacylates and Their Use in the preparation of<i>S</i>-Alkyl Phosphorothiolates (1995)

Abstract Synthesis of iodoalkylacylates 3a-f and use of 3 c in the preparation of an oligonucleoside phosphorothiate prodrug analog 5 is described.
Fabrication and spectroscopy of erbium doped gallium lanthanum sulphide glass fibres for mid-infrared laser applications (1997)

Gallium lanthanum sulphide based glasses are proposed as high quality hosts for rare-earth doped, mid-infrared fibre lasers, that would offer compact and rugged sources for gas sensing, atmospheric transmission, and medical applications. The infrared emission spectroscopy of erbium doped glasses and fibres shows the potential of this glass host for the above applications. Mid-infrared transitions at 2.0, 2.75, 3.6, and 4.5mm have been detected and characterized.
The synthesis of poly(butylene terephthalate) from terephthalic acid, part I: The influence of terephthalic acid on the tetrahydrofuran formation (2009)

Abstract An in depth study is performed on the origin of and influences on the formation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) during the first stage of the terephthalic acid (TPA) based synthesis of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). Although many improvements on the synthesis process of PBT have been reported in literature to suppress this undesired side reaction, only few studies reported on the actual mechanism of the THF formation, which is not completely understood. Low molecular weight compounds have been used to model the side reactions occurring during the polymerization reaction. It could be concluded that, in contrast to previous reportage, only the THF formation from the monomer, 1,4‐butanediol, is directly influenced by the use of TPA as a starting material for the production of PBT. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Hybrid multiphoton multimodal tomography of in vivo human skin (2012)

Clinical multiphoton tomography based on femtosecond near infrared laser pulses for in vivo high-resolution skin imaging has been employed to thousands of volunteers and patients. Two-photon cellular autofluorescence and second harmonic generation of collagen can be detected with single-photon sensitivity and submicron spatial resolution. Also in vivo clinical CARS has been realized to image intratissue lipids and water. Novel developments focus on multimodal hybrid imaging to generate optical tissue biopsies with subcellular resolution, deep-tissue information, and chemical fingerprints. Wide-field imaging tools such as dermoscopes, optical coherence tomographs as well as ultrasound and photoacoustic devices can be integrated. The hybrid tomographs have the potential to trace cosmetics and pharmaceutical components such as sunscreen nanoparticles and anti-aging products in humans. Skin cancer such as malignant melanoma and basal cell carcinoma as well as dermatitis can be detected at an early stage and the efficiency of the treatment can be monitored. These novel hybrid multimodal multiphoton tomographs may become important biopsy-free and label-free imaging tools in personalized medicine, pharmacy, biotechnology as well as cosmetic research.
Formation and Luminescence Phenomena of LaF<sub>3</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup> Nanoparticles and Lanthanide−Organic Compounds in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (2009)

LaF3:Ce3+-doped nanoparticles were synthesized at different temperatures in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by the chemical reaction of lanthanum nitrate hydrate and cerium nitrate hexahydrate with ammonium fluoride. The formation of Ce3+-doped LaF3 nanoparticles is confirmed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. An intense emission at around 310 nm from the d−f transition of Ce3+ was observed from the LaF3:Ce3+ powder samples. However, in solution samples, the ultraviolet emission from Ce3+ is mostly absent, but intense luminescence is observed in the visible range from blue to red. The emission wavelength of the solution samples is dependent on the reaction time and temperature. More interestingly, the emission wavelength varies with the excitation wavelength. Most likely, this emission is from metal organic compounds of Ce3+ or La3+ and DMSO as similar phenomena are also observed when lanthanum nitrate hydrate or cerium nitrate hexahydrate are heated in DMSO.
Prevention of Capsular Contracture (1999)

For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic reshaping, as well as news on medicolegal issues. The cosmetic section provides expanded coverage on new procedures and techniques.
Spin-on-glass smoothing of diamond turned optics for use in the extreme ultraviolet regime (2008)

Mirror substrates intended for use in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) regime have exceedingly stringent requirements on surface finish. Rendering a substrate reflective at EUV wavelength and near normal angles of incidence requires these mirrors to be coated with high-quality multilayer coatings forming a Bragg reflector. These coatings typically have period requirements on the order of 7 nm. It is evident that any appreciable roughness on this scale would destroy the resonant behavior the Bragg structures significantly degrading the reflectivity of the mirror. A rule of thumb is that approximately 2% reflectivity is lost per Å of surface roughness on the substrate. These requirements significantly increase the cost and fabrication time for EUV optics. This is especially true when dealing with non-conventional shapes such as toroids and fly-eye mirrors. Here we present a spin-on-glass process capable of generating super-polished parts from inexpensive substrates. The method is used to render complex diamond-turned optics compatible for use in the EUV regime. The method is described in detail and experimental results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the process. Issues of figure control are also discussed.
Virus Removal by Diatomaceous‐Earth Filtration—Part 1 (1974)

This study, involving the removal of bacterial viruses from water using diatomaceous‐earth filter aids, covers the comparative properties of uncoated and polyelectrolye‐coated products as they affect the process. The work is based on studies using bacteriophage T2 for Escherichia coli. Part 2, involving this virus and poliovirus virulent strain Mahoney Type I, will be reported in a later issue.
Technical Report - Final report (2008)

This project was a collaborative effort between Dr Teresa Burns and Dr John Larese to study the physisorption of polar molecules on ionic substrates. The work will be completed at both Coastal Carolina University and Brookhaven National Laboratory. The goals of the research are: 1) to provide detailed thermodynamic information about dipolar molecules adsorbed on ionic substrates, critical to accurately modeling the systems of interest using a spin-1 Ising model; 2) to study the structure of the adsorbed layer from the gas phase, experimentally verifying the application of the model to these systems; 3) to extend the modeling studies and structural measurements to systems adsorbed from the liquid phase. The systems will be studied using thermodynamic techniques, e.g., adsorption isotherm both from the gas and liquid phase, and x-ray structural measurements. This project will strengthen the physical science research efforts at CCU, and hence in South Carolina.
June 19, 1906 (1906)

ninny :we useless.Kelaart's specimens are marked as such, apparently in Hancock's writing, and generic and specific iianies are usually but not invariably appended.(c) A collection designated by the label '' Madras (or India
Recent Patents on Micro- and Nano-Bubble Applications and Potential Application of a Swirl-type Generator (2011)

Bubbles are widely used for various purposes, such as product cleaning, medical treatments, food processing, and fishery operations. There are several ways to produce smaller bubbles, such as using venturi tube cavitation, pressure discharge, ultrasonic waves, and swirl flows.?? In a number of recent patents, micro/nano-bubbles generated by a swirl flow have been used in several applications because this method involves low cost and simple design and provides high performance as well as the ability to generate very small bubbles. In recent years, the controllable bubble size generator, which enables the bubble size to be changed according to the sequence of operations, has been devised, and this swirl-type generator can be used to vary the bubble size and production rate. The swirl-type generator, which is operated using air and water as fluids, makes bubbles that are divided into smaller bubbles by means of the shear stress produced by the swirl flow. In the present paper, micro/nano-bubble applications and technology mentioned in recent patents are reviewed, and the applicability of the swirl-type generator was discussed. Various applications in six fields, i.e., industry, fishery, medicine, agriculture, home amenity, and miscellanea, were surveyed and introduced for the novel inventions, methods, techniques and design centered on the recent patents using the fine bubble characteristic properties such as electrical charges, suspended floating particles, and large surface area volume ratio. The present article analyzes and compares recent patents involving the use of micro/nano-bubbles and gives the extension/vector of the micro/nano-bubble utilization in profitable business prospects. Keywords: bubble generator, micro-bubble, nano-bubble, swirl flows, ultrasonic waves, industry, fishery, medicine, home amenities, agriculture
Ein präziser Strom-Frequenz-Umformer nach dem Ladungsbilanzverfahren / A precise current to frequency converter with charge-balance principle (1981)

Article Ein präziser Strom-Frequenz-Umformer nach dem Ladungsbilanzverfahren / A precise current to frequency converter with charge-balance principle was published on December 1, 1981 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 48, issue JG).
Review article: the opportunities and benefits of extended acid suppression (2006)

Acid suppression therapy with proton pump inhibitors is associated with well-established benefits in the management of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GERD) and other acid-related disorders. However, a number of issues still remain unsettled. Despite their clinical efficacy, when given once daily, currently available proton pump inhibitors may not adequately control intragastric acidity during the night in a significant proportion of both healthy subjects and GERD patients, in whom symptom relief remains suboptimal. Although some novel proton pump inhibitors have been synthesized, only few reached clinical testing. Amongst them, tenatoprazole represents a true advance displaying a long half-life (five to seven times longer than that of currently available drugs) and extended acid suppression covering both day and night. All the available clinical studies suggest both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages of tenatoprazole over esomeprazole. As this last compound provides - amongst the members of the class - the most effective control of intragastric pH whatever the parameter considered, it is conceivable that tenatoprazole could similarly be better than the other existing proton pump inhibitors. Tenatoprazole appears to be a promising proton pump inhibitor for the treatment of acid-related diseases, where it has the potential to address unmet clinical needs.
Optimal damping ratio of TLCDs (2000)

The study of the optimal damping ratio of a tuned liquid-column damper (or TLCD) attached to a single-degree-of-freedom system is presented. The tuned liquid-column damper is composed of two vertical columns connected by a horizontal section in the bottom and partially filled with water. The ratio of the length of the horizontal section to the effective wetted length of a TLCD considered as another important parameter is also presented for investigation. A simple pendulum-like model test is conducted to simulate a long-period motion in order to prove the effectiveness of TLCD for vibrational control. Comparisons of the experimental and analytic results of the TLCD, TLD (tuned-liquid damper), and TMD (tuned-mass damper) are included for discussion.
A fast error and erasure correction algorithm for a simple RS-RAID (2002)

On the RAID5 or more advanced system, Evenodd code has the best performance on disk failure recovery using simple and faster parity checking operation. Such disk array system has upper bound of correction on single random error or double erasure errors. The Evenodd code has major problems on large buffer needed and multiple modes of operations to solve various conditions from a random error to multiple erasure errors. Also, there is obviously a small write problem. The RS code had not been considered and ignored at the time of RAID design, due to the complex operations of its decoder. A new error and erasure correcting algorithm is developed to reduce the delay time of data correction. This design is simulated and proved on a prototyping system.
Correlation of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction with circulating reaginic antibody level and active cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat. (1975)

The interrelationships of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction, active cutaneous anaphylaxis and circulating reaginic antibody level in rats sensitized with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis have been studied. The mean rise in bronchial reactivity during the 5-week sensitization period was correlated with the rise in circulating reaginic antibody level in groups of rats, although weak bronchial reactivity was observed before circulating reagin was demonstrable. In individual animals bronchial reactivity did not significantly correlate with circulating reaginic antibody level or cutaneous reactivity. Bronchial and cutaneous reactivity on challenge may be transferred to non-sensitized rats by passive sensitization with reaginic serum. It is concluded that the ability of a tissue to respond to antigen challenge is multifactorial and may not be reliably predicted from a knowledge of circulating reaginic antibody level or the response of another tissue in the same animal.
Correction to Gd(III)-Labeled Peptide Nanofibers for Reporting on Biomaterial Localization <i>in Vivo</i> (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdditions and Correc...Additions and CorrectionsORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Gd(III)-Labeled Peptide Nanofibers for Reporting on Biomaterial Localization in VivoAdam T. Preslar, Giacomo Parigi, Mark T. McClendon, Samantha S. Sefick, Tyson J. Moyer, Chad R. Haney, Emily A. Waters, Keith W. MacRenaris, Claudio Luchinat, Samuel I. Stupp*, and Thomas J. Meade*Cite this: ACS Nano 2015, 9, 11, 11502Publication Date (Web):October 30, 2015Publication History Received15 October 2015Published online30 October 2015Published inissue 24 November 2015https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b06496Copyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1372Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Nanofibers,Peptides and proteins,Thermal annealing,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
Organometal halide perovskite solar cells: degradation and stability (2015)

What are the bottlenecks for organometal halide perovskite solar cells to achieve the stability required for commercialization?
Hand Keypoint Detection in Single Images Using Multiview Bootstrapping (2017)

We present an approach that uses a multi-camera system to train fine-grained detectors for keypoints that are prone to occlusion, such as the joints of a hand. We call this procedure multiview bootstrapping: first, an initial keypoint detector is used to produce noisy labels in multiple views of the hand. The noisy detections are then triangulated in 3D using multiview geometry or marked as outliers. Finally, the reprojected triangulations are used as new labeled training data to improve the detector. We repeat this process, generating more labeled data in each iteration. We derive a result analytically relating the minimum number of views to achieve target true and false positive rates for a given detector. The method is used to train a hand keypoint detector for single images. The resulting keypoint detector runs in realtime on RGB images and has accuracy comparable to methods that use depth sensors. The single view detector, triangulated over multiple views, enables 3D markerless hand motion capture with complex object interactions.
Micro-Heater on Membrane with Large Uniform-Temperature Area (2006)

In this paper, the thermal performance of a heater on membrane was analyzed from a ring heater by a conventional simplified model. Some preliminary principles of the structure design are concluded for heaters working in vacuum or in atmosphere. According to the principles, an optimized heater structure is demonstrated, and the coupled thermal-electrical finite element method (ANSYS) is employed to simulate the structures. Experimental results indicated that the temperature distributions are quite in agreement with the simulations with large uniform-temperature area.
Production and evaluation of silicon immersion gratings for infrared astronomy (2007)

Immersion gratings, diffraction gratings where the incident radiation strikes the grooves while immersed in a dielectric medium, offer significant compactness and performance advantages over front-surface gratings. These advantages become particularly large for high-resolution spectroscopy in the near-IR. The production and evaluation of immersion gratings produced by fabricating grooves in silicon substrates using photolithographic patterning and anisotropic etching is described. The gratings produced under this program accommodate beams up to 25 mm in diameter (grating areas to 55 mm x 75 mm). Several devices are complete with appropriate reflective and antireflection coatings. All gratings were tested as front-surface devices as well as immersed gratings. The results of the testing show that the echelles behave according to the predictions of the scalar efficiency model and that tests done on front surfaces are in good agreement with tests done in immersion. The relative efficiencies range from 59% to 75% at 632.8 nm. Tests of fully completed devices in immersion show that the gratings have reached the level where they compete with and, in some cases, exceed the performance of commercially available conventional diffraction gratings (relative efficiencies up to 71%). Several diffraction gratings on silicon substrates up to 75 mm in diameter having been produced, the current state of the silicon grating technology is evaluated.
Formation of a Liquid-Crystalline Interpenetrating Poly(ionic liquid) Network Hydrogel (2011)

Preparation of a liquid-crystalline ionic-liquid (IL)-based interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) is described. The IPN is prepared sequentially by first photopolymerizing a self-assembled aqueous mixture of an IL monomer (1-(10-(acryloyloxy)decyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride) that possesses an acryloyl moiety at the terminus of a C10 alkyl chain of the IL cation. In the second step, an acrylate counteranion is introduced and then photopolymerized to yield a durable self-supporting network polymer. Thermal analysis indicates the formation of a homogeneous (well-blended constituent polymers) IPN. The IPN adopts a lamellar structure possessing some residual in-plane tetragonal perforations, as evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The IPN can absorb large quantities of water, swelling to nearly 60 times its original volume, but retains mechanical integrity making it a durable hydrogel.
The negative effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef on cell surface CD4 expression is not species specific and requires the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 (1993)

The nef gene product of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 has been shown to induce CD4 downregulation from the surface of human cells. To determine if this effect is species specific, we used a retroviral vector to transduce the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef gene into murine cells expressing human, chimpanzee, or murine CD4. Our results indicate that Nef induces cell surface downregulation of all three molecules. We also determined that Nef is functional in murine T cells and induces downregulation of both murine CD4 and CD8 (Ly-2) from the cell surface. In contrast, Nef does not downregulate cell surface expression of human CD8 in either murine or human cells. By using a mutant of human CD4 lacking its cytoplasmic domain and a human CD4/CD8 chimera, we determined that the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 is required for its downregulation by Nef. Transduction with a control vector had no effect on CD4 cell surface levels, indicating that retroviral transduction by itself has no significant effect on the cell surface levels of CD4. These results show that the observed downregulation of CD4 by Nef is independent of human-specific factors, is not species specific, and requires the cytoplasmic domain of CD4.
NK Cells, MHC Class I Molecules and the Missing Self (2002)

This article is based on a lecture presented at the Novartis Prize ceremony at the International Congress of Immunology in July 2001. It gives a personal and historical perspective on the research performed by the author and his colleagues during the development and pursuit of the model of 'missing-self recognition' for natural killer (NK) cells. This model is based on the idea that one important function of NK cells is to detect and eliminate cells because they fail to express normal self markers. Further mechanistic models predicted the existence of inhibitory major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I specific receptors, later identified by the fellow Novartis laureates contributing in this issue. The article covers the first decade (1980-1990) of research on this concept. It discusses factors contributing to the formulation of a hypothesis, the use of predictions and experimental test models, the importance of international collaborations and reagent exchange, and several other aspects that allowed the progression of this research project. Finally, the perspective of today's knowledge is used to discuss some surprising findings where the missing-self hypothesis made the wrong predictions, or at least failed to make the correct ones.