gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plants as galactagogues. (1983)

In several areas of the world and particularly in developing nations with a heritage of folklore herbal medicine plants are being used by practitioners of the traditional system of medicine and others for increasing milk secretion in lactating mothers. Also there are many other plants reputed to possess glactagogue properties in these parts of the world. This review offers some insight into the information available and discusses some work carried out recently on plants reputed to possess galactagogue activity: Abroma augusta; Asparagus racemosus; Cuminum cyminum; Galog; Leptaden; Leptadenia reticulate; and Nigella sativa. The cold water extract of the roots of the plant Abroma augusta has been tested by administering the extract to estrogen-primed female rats and comparing the histology of the mammary gland in control and experimental animals. In another series of experiments the milk secretion in control and experimental groups of rats was assessed by the weight gain of the litter before and after suckling. Results from the 2nd series of experiments indicate that the extract of Abroma augusta significantly enhanced the milk secretion in the experimental animals. In a series of experiments conducted on estrogen-primed rats the crude alcoholic extract of the root of Asparagus racemosus significantly raised the mean mammary gland weight from 2.04 mg/100 gm body weight in control animals to 3.28 mg/100 gm body weight in an experimental group of animals. The extract also induced well-developed lobular alveolar tissue with milk secretion. Cuminum cyminum was tested by administering the powder of the plant in the diet to lactating rats and comparing the increase in weight of the litter in this group to the increase observed in controls. At the end of the experiment the breast tissue of the animals was biopsied and hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections microscopically examined. While the plant powder appeared to exert a proliferative effect on breast tissue there was no increase in the weight of the litter of mothers receiving the plant. A controlled clinical trial has been conducted to assess the glactagogue effect of Leptaden by studying the weight gain of infants in women administered Leptaden and comparing this with the weight gain observed in control mothers. The mean weight gain per day in the control group was 18.4 gm while it was 31.0 gm in the group whose mothers had been administered Leptaden. The dried powder of Leptadenia reticulata has been studied in cows buffaloes sheep and goats. The crude powder of the plant induced an increase in the milk yield of all these animals. Nigella sativa was studied by administering the powder of the plant in the diet to lactating rats and seeing the effect on the weight gain of the litter and its effect on the histology of the mammary gland. The results indicated a slight galactagogue effect as assessed by increase in weight of the litter.
The Prevention of Pulmonary Aspiration with Control of Tracheal Wall Pressure Using a Silicone Cuff (2000)

A prospective open randomized controlled study was performed to assess the ability of Euromedical ILM endotracheal tube cuff (silicone cuff) to prevent pulmonary aspiration. The inflation characteristics of this silicone cuff enables the control of tracheal wall pressure. The silicone cuffed tube was shortened and an adjustable flange was used to convert it to a cuffed tracheostomy tube. Twelve patients requiring a tracheostomy on a four-bed intensive care unit (ICU) in a district general hospital received either a silicone or a Shiley cuffed tracheostomy tube. Tracheal wall pressures of both cuffs were maintained at 30 cm H2O with a constant pressure inflation device. Blue food dye was instilled once daily into the subglottic space through a fine catheter above the cuff. There were six patients in the Shiley group and six patients in the silicone cuff group. Dye leaked to the trachea in six (100%) of the Shiley group compared with none (0%) of the silicone cuff group (P = 0.001). This study confirms the effectiveness of this silicone cuff at preventing aspiration and the high incidence of leakage with the conventional high-volume low-pressure tracheostomy tube cuff.
A new high speed I/sup 2/L structure (1977)

A new improved I/SUP 2/L structure is discussed which has been shown to operate at high speeds with large fan-out capabilities while retaining low power operation. The new `up-diffused' structure is fabricated in such a fashion that Schottky diodes can be readily incorporated. With the addition of Schottky clamps between the collector and base of the n-p-n switching transistor, gate delays as low as 2.5 ns have been achieved.
A 14-bit Monotonic NMOS D/A Converter (1982)

The new design of an experimental monolithic 14-bit D/A converter is described. Two cascaded resistor strings guarantee an inherent 14-bit monotonicity. Other features of this proposed circuit configuration are a static output signal and the omission of external components.
Introduction—An Historical Approach (1981)

Building development and planning are activities that are very much concerned with the everyday life of ordinary people. Factors such as where people live, where they work and where they spend the reward for that work all create a demand for some form of development. Indeed most human activities create a demand for buildings or building work of some kind. The ability to meet this demand depends on the extent of our natural resources and this constraint, taken with the complexities of modern living, has made planning essential and some form of statutory control over development at least desirable.
Speed-Sensorless Induction Machine Control for Zero Speed and Frequency (2004)

A recently introduced speed-sensorless controller structure for tracking the rotor-flux orientation of an induction motor was implemented in a laboratory setup. The controller is based on superimposing a low-frequency ac test signal on the stator current of the motor. The response in the stator voltage to the signal depends on the orientation of the signal relative to that of the rotor flux. The dependency is due to the reaction of the mechanical system, and it is used to control the orientation error to zero. In the experiments, the controller operated successfully under nominal torque both at zero speed and at zero frequency. Slow and fast speed reversals under nominal torque were also successful. In addition, the system was capable of withstanding both motoring and generating load torque steps up to 50% of nominal torque.
Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Oxide (2013)

To synthesize graphite oxide(GO)from natural graphite powder by Hummers method under the condition of sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate.To dissolve GO in water and reduce to graphene(GN)after adding hydrazine hydrate.In order to examine results,to use the fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectra,the ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)spectra,and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) technology to character for the structure and the morphology of GN and GO.The results showed that GO and GN had well separated.
Effects of Adenovirus-Mediated Sorcin Overexpression on Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Isolated Rabbit Cardiomyocytes (2003)

To evaluate the effect of sorcin on cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, adult rabbit ventricular myocytes were transfected with a recombinant adenovirus coding for human sorcin (Ad-sorcin). A beta-galactosidase adenovirus (Ad-LacZ) was used as a control. Fractional shortening in response to 1-Hz field stimulation (at 37 degrees C) was significantly reduced in Ad-sorcin-transfected myocytes compared with control myocytes (2.10+/-0.05% [n=311] versus 2.42+/-0.06% [n=312], respectively; P<0.001). Action potential duration (at 20 degrees C) was significantly less in the Ad-sorcin group (458+/-22 ms, n=11) compared with the control group (520+/-19 ms, n=10; P<0.05). In voltage-clamped, fura 2-loaded myocytes (20 degrees C), a reduced peak-systolic and end-diastolic [Ca2+]i was observed after Ad-sorcin transfection. L-type Ca2+ current amplitude and time course were unaffected. Caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the accompanying inward Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) current revealed a significantly lower SR Ca2+ content and faster Ca2+-extrusion kinetics in Ad-sorcin-transfected cells. Higher NCX activity after Ad-sorcin transfection was confirmed by measuring the NCX current-voltage relationship. beta-Escin-permeabilized rabbit cardiomyocytes were used to study the effects of sorcin overexpression on Ca2+ sparks imaged with fluo 3 at 145 to 160 nmol/L [Ca2+] using a confocal microscope. Under these conditions, caffeine-mediated SR Ca2+ release was not different between the two groups. Spontaneous spark frequency, duration, width, and amplitude were lower in sorcin-overexpressing myocytes. In summary, sorcin overexpression in rabbit cardiomyocytes decreased Ca2+-transient amplitude predominantly by lowering SR Ca2+ content via increased NCX activity. The effect of sorcin overexpression on Ca2+ sparks indicates an effect on the ryanodine receptor that may also influence excitation-contraction coupling.
Design and Analysis of LTE Physical Downlink Control Channel (2009)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) of UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access and Radio Access Network is a Fourth Generation (4G) wireless broadband technology which is capable of delivering high data transmission rates and low latency with reduced costs, among other promises. A key research topic is to design efficient and reliable Physical Downlink Control Channels (PDCCHs) that carry the downlink scheduling assignments and uplink scheduling grants. A number of issues regarding the design and analysis of PDCCHs are discussed in this paper, such as the PDCCH interleaver, power boosting, power lending, receiver handling of power boosting with unknown boosting values, link level performance evaluation, and system level performance evaluation. Based on mathematical analysis and/or simulations, conclusions have been reached, including the adoption of the simple subblock interleaver to achieve desired interference randomization property; power boosting and power boosting limits; and a method of handling power boosting values unknown to the receiver in system simulations. These conclusions have been utilized to develop the LTE standards or adopted in LTE standards.
A cell-intrinsic role for CaMKK2 in granulocyte lineage commitment and differentiation (2011)

Granulocytes serve a critical function in host organisms by recognizing and destroying invading microbes, as well as propagating and maintaining inflammation at sites of infection. However, the molecular pathways underpinning the development of granulocytes are poorly understood. Here, we identify a role for CaMKK2 in the restriction of granulocytic fate commitment and differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells. Following BMT, engraftment by Camkk2(-/-) donor cells resulted in the increased production of mature granulocytes in the BM and peripheral blood. Similarly, Camkk2(-/-) mice possessed elevated numbers of CMP cells and exhibited an accelerated granulopoietic phenotype in the BM. Camkk2(-/-) myeloid progenitors expressed increased levels of C/EBPα and PU.1 and preferentially differentiated into Gr1(+)Mac1(+) granulocytes and CFU-G in vitro. During normal granulopoiesis in vivo or G-CSF-induced differentiation of 32D myeloblast cells in vitro, CaMKK2 mRNA and protein were decreased as a function of time and were undetectable in mature granulocytes. Expression of ectopic CaMKK2 in Camkk2(-/-) CMPs was sufficient to rescue aberrant granulocyte differentiation and when overexpressed in 32D cells, was also sufficient to impede granulocyte differentiation in a kinase activity-dependent manner. Collectively, our results reveal a novel role for CaMKK2 as an inhibitor of granulocytic fate commitment and differentiation in early myeloid progenitors.
Serum Osteocalcin Concentration in a Patient with Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib (1991)

A seventeen-year-old youth was presented with muscle cramps and convulsions. A brain CT scan showed calcification in the region of the ganglia, and a diagnosis of brain tumor was thus made and an anticonvulsant given for two years. At age nineteen, the patient developed pseudohypoparathyroidism owing to low serum calcium and high serum PTH levels. However, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum osteocalcin levels were high, lesion was detected in the femur neck. These data indicated that the bone remodeling response to PTH had remained intact in this patient. Serum osteocalcin is known to increase in primary hyperparathyroidism. However, unlike patients with hyperparathyroidism, those with pseudohypoparathyroidism show no increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D. The present case was thus useful for examining the direct effect of PTH on serum osteocalcin. The patient was administered 1 alpha (OH)D, and his condition monitored for two years. During this period, osteocalcin and PTH levels decreased while that of 1,25(OH)2D increased. Osteocalcin and PTH levels were found to be closely correlated (r = 0.68, p less than 0.01). The present results indicate the possibility that PTH may increase serum osteocalcin independent of Vitamin D.
Preparation of Allyltin Reagents Grafted on Solid Support: Clean and Easily Recyclable Reagents for Allylation of Aldehydes (2006)

The preparation of polymer-supported allyltin reagents was shown to be possible for both unfunctionalized and functionalized allyl units. These reagents were treated with aldehydes in the presence of cerium(III) or indium(III) salts to afford high yields of homoallylic alcohols, practically uncontaminated with organotin residues (less than 5 ppm). Some mechanism aspects are briefly discussed and the potential for regeneration and reuse of these supported reagents is pointed out.
Secure routing for mobile ad hoc networks (2005)

In this paper we present a survey of secure ad hoc routing protocols for mobile wireless networks. A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of nodes that is connected through a wireless medium forming rapidly changing topologies. The widely accepted existing routing protocols designed to accommodate the needs of such self-organized networks do not address possible threats aiming at the disruption of the protocol itself. The assumption of a trusted environment is not one that can be realistically expected; hence several efforts have been made towards the design of a secure and robust routing protocol for ad hoc networks. We briefly present the most popular protocols that follow the table-driven and the source-initiated on-demand approaches. Based on this discussion we then formulate the threat model for ad hoc routing and present several specific attacks that can target the operation of a protocol. In order to analyze the proposed secure ad hoc routing protocols in a structured way we have classified them into five categories; solutions based on asymmetric cryptography, solutions based on symmetric cryptography, hybrid solutions, reputation-based solutions and a category of add-on mechanisms that satisfy specific security requirements. A comparison between these solutions can provide the basis for future research in this rapidly evolving area.
L-649,923, Sodium (β<i>S</i>*, γ<i>R</i>*)-4-(3-(4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-propylphenoxy)-propylthio)-γ-hydroxy-β-methylbenzenebutanoate, a selective, orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist (1986)

L-649,923, Sodium (beta S*, gamma R*)-4-(3-(4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-propylphenoxy)propylthio)- gamma- hydroxy-beta-methylbenzenebutanoate is a selective and competitive inhibitor of [3H]leukotriene D4 (Ki value of 400 nM) and to a lesser extent [3H]leukotriene C4 (Ki value of 8.6 microM) binding in guinea-pig lung homogenates. Functionally, it selectively antagonized contractions of guinea pig trachea induced by leukotriene C4, D4, E4, and F4 but not those induced by acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, or U-44069 (stable endoperoxide analogue). Schild plot analysis indicated a competitive inhibition of contractions of guinea-pig ileum induced by leukotriene D4 (pA2 8.1) and contractions of guinea-pig trachea induced by leukotrienes E4 and F4 (pA2 7.1 and 6.9, respectively). In contrast, contractions of guinea-pig trachea induced by leukotrienes C4 (pA2 7.2; slope 0.6) and D4 (pA2 7.2; slope 0.7) were inhibited in a noncompetitive fashion. In vivo, intravenously administered L-649,923 selectively blocked bronchoconstriction induced in anesthetized guinea pigs by leukotriene C4 and D4 (ED50 values i.v. 0.38 and 0.26 mg/kg, respectively) but not that induced by histamine, arachidonic acid, serotonin, U-44069, or acetylcholine. Following intraduodenal administration, L-649,923, blocked leukotriene D4 induced bronchoconstriction (5 and 10 mg/kg). The present findings indicate that selective antagonists, such as L-649,923, may be useful for defining the role of leukotrienes in diseases such as bronchial asthma.
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and colorectal cancer. (2004)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Targeting EGFR in patients with colorectal cancer has become an important therapeutic tool. Recently, a monoclonal antibody against the extracellular domain of the receptor (cetuximab [Erbitux]) has been approved for the treatment of patients with EGFR-positive metastatic disease refractory to irinotecan (Camptosar)-based therapy. The role of other targeted agents against EGFR, including other monoclonal antibodies as well as inhibitors of the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, will also be discussed.
Adiabatic T2-preparation modules optimized for robustness toward cardiac motion and flow - a comparison with existing techniques at 3 Tesla (2011)

To compare two B1-insensitive T2-preparations to existing techniques regarding cardiac motion and flow robustness.
A Comparative Study of Methods for Transductive Transfer Learning (2007)

The problem of transfer learning, where information gained in one learning task is used to improve performance in another related task, is an important new area of research. While previous work has studied the supervised version of this problem, we study the more challenging case of unsupervised transductive transfer learning, where no labeled data from the target domain are available at training. We describe some current state-of-the-art inductive and transductive approaches and then adapt these models to the problem of transfer learning for protein name extraction. In the process, we introduce a novel maximum entropy based technique, iterative feature transformation (IFT), and show that it achieves comparable performance with state-of-the-art transductive SVMs. We also show how simple relaxations, such as providing additional information like the proportion of positive examples in the test data, can significantly improve the performance of some of the transductive transfer learners.
Inhibition of Retinoblastoma In Vitro and In Vivo with Conditionally Replicating Oncolytic Adenovirus H101 (2010)

These results suggest that H101 effectively inhibits the growth of retinoblastoma cells in vitro and in mice and may serve as a novel therapy for retinoblastoma.
Update in Type 1 Diabetes (2007)

The existence of multiple "competing" technologies to deal with this devastating disorder holds promise of improved outcomes.
The Puzzle of Unintended Acceptance of Repudiation (2011)

Myoblasts from 9-day-old quail embryo slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and fast posterior and latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscles were co-cultured with neurons. The presence of neurons allowed ALD-derived muscle fibres to express characteristic features of a slow muscle (occurrence of alpha' and of beta' fibres and predominance of slow myosin light chains). On the contrary, PLD-derived fibres did not differentiate into normal fast fibres (occurrence of alpha'-like fibres and absence of LC3f). These results are compared with the differentiation of ALD and PLD myoblasts in aneural condition. It is suggested that neurons can modify some phenotypic expression of presumptive slow or fast myoblasts.
Influence of inductive effect on measurements of resistivity through casing (1996)

Abstract A conventional theory of electrical logging through casing, using an alternating field, is developed. Equations for the electric field and its derivative on the borehole axis are derived and their dependence on the resistivity of the medium and parameters of the casing are studied. It is established that within the low-frequency part of the spectrum, formation resistivity can be determined using the theory of the transmission line. Measurements within the intermediate range of frequencies also give information about the formation resistivity and take into account changes in the casing parameters.
Charge Performance of a Commercial Nickel Metal Hydride Traction Battery System (2001)

We have investigated the charge performance of a commercially available 85Ah nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery system. Each of the Ni-MH battery modules contains 11 prismatic cells designed for electrical vehicle traction applications. This work focused on understanding the operating mechanism of the charging process and the influence of different constant current charge regimes, with rates ranging from C/8 to 1C, on the charge performance. We found that the cell voltage profile was dominated by the potential change of the nickel electrode in the charge regime. At C/4 (20 A), which is commonly used in the charge algorithm, the modules can be effectively and fully recharged with a low degree of overcharge of 1-2%. When being charged at C/2 (40 A) with a proper control of the cell pressure (at a pressure lid of 6.8 atm or 100 psi), the modules can be recharged with a high efficiency to 93% state-of-charge (SOC). In this case, we found that the oxygen evolution accelerated after reaching 70% SOC, and an -oxidizing recombination" mechanism was present, based on the observation of the potential variation of the metal hydride electrode. When the modules were charged at 1 C rate, we found that, in addition to the oxygen evolution/recombination cycle, another -reducing recombination" mechanism was present and was related to the occurrence of in the final stage of the charge regime. The presence of the resulted in a noticeable capacity loss at high charge rates. Interestingly, most of the capacity loss can be recovered after several recovering cycles operating at a very low rate (e.g., C/8). We attribute this temporary loss of reversible capacity (rechargeability) to severe hydrogen gassing during the high rate charge at the metal hydride electrode and the associated "reversed oxidation" via the -reducing recombination on the nickel electrode. This phenomenon subsequently resulted in a significant temperature rise in the cell, causing localized dryout, and a capacity mismatch between the two electrodes. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Feature matching based on geometric constraints in weakly calibrated stereo views of curved scenes (2008)

The identification of the correspondences of points of views is an important task. A new feature matching algorithm for weakly calibrated stereo images of curved scenes is proposed, based on mere geometric constraints. After initial correspondences are built via the epipolar constraint, many point-to-point image mappings called homographies are set up to predict the matching position for feature points. To refine the predictions and reject false correspondences, four schemes are proposed. Extensive experiments on simulated data as well as on real images of scenes of variant depths show that the proposed method is effective and robust.