gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of hatchability of chicken eggs injected by blastoderm cells (2000)

In our first experiment, we studied the effect of injection method of blastoderm cells (BC) into the subgerminal cavity of White Leghorn embryos on hatchability of chicken chimeras. Freshly laid eggs were injected through a hole made in the equatorial plane of the eggshell (Method A). In Method B, eggs were stored pointed end down for 5 to 7 d prior to injection, and a hole was cut in the blunt end of the eggshell. An advantage of Method B was that the early embryonic mortality was reduced (P < or = 0.01) and resulted in higher hatchability (41.0%; 43/105) than Method A (9.8%; 14/143). In the second experiment, we studied chicken hatchabililty as influenced by windowing (no hole, Group 1; hole in the equatorial plane, Group 2; hole in the blunt end of egg, Groups 3 and 4) and egg turning (Groups 1 and 4) or not (Groups 2 and 3) during incubation. The hatchability percentages were as follows: 67.9 (Group 1) 0.0, (Group 2) 23.3, (Group 3), and 56.8 (Group 4). A statistically significant difference (P < or = 0.05) was noted between Group 1 or 4 and the other groups. We found no statistically significant differences in the weight changes (g) but did note certain differences in the egg weight loss (%) among different egg treatments. In the third experiment, we investigated the influence of origins of BC donors: Rhode Island Red (RIR), Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR), and Green-legged Partridgelike (GP) on hatchability of putative and somatic chimera chickens. The hatchability of chimeras was dependent on the adequate assortment of BC of the donor and ranged from 7.4% (RIR) to 56.1% (GP). In the case of BC injection of the GP breed, good hatchability was accompanied by very high percentage (86.9; 20/23) of somatic chimeras.
Graph Connections: Relationship Between Graph Theory and Other Areas of Mathematics (1997)

1. Introduction 2. Enumeration 3. Number Theory 4. Partial Orders 5. First-order Logic 6. Linear Algebra 7. Matroids 8. Codes 9. Groups 10. Geometry 11. Topology 12. Knots 13. Probability 14. Statistics 15. Computing 16. Artificial Neural Networks 17. International Finance Notes on Contributors Index
Vestibular response kinematics in posterior parietal cortex neurons of macaque monkeys (2003)

Perception of extrapersonal space is a fundamental requirement for accurate interaction with the environment and moving in it. Parietal cortical areas are thought to play an important role in this function. A significant sensory input to this area arrives from the vestibular system. We quantified neuronal responses in the ventral intraparietal area and the medial intraparietal area of awake head-fixed macaque monkeys during classical vestibular sinusoidal stimulation protocols and with a newly developed random vestibular testing paradigm. The goal was to study more specifically the signal content of parietal vestibular neurons with respect to head movement kinematics. Traditional sinusoidal stimulation analysis revealed that about one-third of the neurons responded in phase with either head position or head acceleration, besides classical head velocity tuning. Random vestibular stimulation revealed more complex signal profiles in the majority of neurons, although quantification of the kinematic variables that drove the neurons most effectively led to similar results to phase shift analysis. Thus, a majority of cells was principally driven by head velocity, and a minority by either acceleration or position. Nevertheless, random stimulation also revealed the simultaneous presence of all three kinematic response parameters (i.e. velocity, position and acceleration) in a majority of neurons. A minority of cells coded only two kinematic variables, i.e. head velocity coupled with either acceleration or position. Neurons coding only one kinematic variable were not found. We hereby demonstrate for the first time that central vestibular neurons carry several head movement kinematic variables simultaneously.
Direct cooling of the human brain by heat loss from the upper respiratory tract (1999)

This study is the first report on human intracranial temperature in conscious patients during and after an upper respiratory bypass. Temperatures were measured in four subjects subdurally between the frontal lobes and cribriform plate (T(cr)) and on the vault of the skull (T(sd)). Further measurements were taken in the esophagus (T(es)) and on the tympanic membrane. Reinstitution of airflow in the upper respiratory tract under conditions of mild hyperthermia gave a rapid drop in T(cr) of 0.4-0.8 degrees C. In three patients the intracranial temperature at the basal aspect of the frontal lobes fell below T(es). Thus local selective cooling of the brain surface below that of the trunk temperature was shown to occur. Intensive breathing by the patients after extubation for a 3-min period produced a cooling at the site of T(cr) measurement at a rate of up to 0.1 degrees C/min, and this response could be evoked on demand. The results support the view that cooling of the upper airway can directly influence human brain temperature.
Phase Ib study of RO5137382/GC33 in combination with sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (NCT00976170). (2014)

4100 Background: GC33 is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against Glypican-3 (GPC3) which is highly expressed in HCC. GC33 elicits antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against human HCC cell lines in vitro. GC33 and sorafenib showed an additive anti-tumor effect in xenograft mouse model. This is a phase I dose escalation study to evaluate safety/tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of combination therapy in HCC. Methods: In a 3+3 design dose escalation design GC33 given intravenously 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg weekly, then 1,600 mg every 2 weeks, and then 1,600mg weekly, all in combination with sorafenib 400mg twice daily. Patients with advanced HCC patients, age ≥18, ECOG 0-1, Child-Pugh A, adequate organ functions (platelets ≥ 100 x109/L, ANC ≥ 1500, AST/ALT ≤ 5 x ULN, Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 mg/dL, and creatinine ≤ 2 x ULN), and no prior therapy with sorafenib were eligible. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability and secondary endpoints PK of GC33 and sorafenib and efficacy. Tumor assessment was based on investigators using RECIST 1.0. Safety was evaluated by CTCAE 3.0. Results: 40 patients were enrolled between September 2009 and July 2013 as follows (n): 2.5 mg/kg weekly (qw) (12), 5 mg/kg qw(12), 10 mg/kg qw(3), 1,600mg q2w (6) and 1,600mg qw (7). There were 35 men/5 women, median age 60, Asian 21/Non-Asian 19, HBV /HCV/neither 19/9/13, ECOG 0/1 17/23. There were 3 DLT: Grade 3 hyponatremia at 5 mg/kg GC33 cohort, grade 3 hyponatremia and hypoglycemia at 1600mg q2w, and grade 3 ALT increase at 1600 mg qw. Thirty-six patients developed AE’s ≥ Grade 3, including 10 (25%) with increased Lipase, 10 (25%) with increased AST, and 3 (7.5%) with increased ALT. Dose delays occurred in 6/7 patients receiving GC33 1600mg qw due to known sorafenib-related toxicities. There were no complete responses, one partial response (unconfirmed), and 6 patients (15%) have experienced stable disease for ≥ 5 months. PK parameters Cmax and AUCt of GC33 and sorafenib following combination therapy were comparable to previously reported data of either single agent. Conclusions: No maximum tolerated dose of GC33 could be defined when given in combination with sorafenib at the dose of 400mg bid in this study population. Clinical trial information: NCT00976170.
Tuberculosis Biomarker Extraction and Isothermal Amplification in an Integrated Diagnostic Device (2015)

In this study, we integrated magnetic bead-based sample preparation and isothermal loop mediated amplification (LAMP) of TB in a single tube. Surrogate sputum samples produced by the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health containing inactivated TB bacteria were used to test the diagnostic. In order to test the sample preparation method, samples were lysed, and DNA was manually extracted and eluted into water in the tube. In a thermal cycler, LAMP amplified TB DNA from 103 TB cells/mL of sputum at 53.5 ± 3.3 minutes, 104 cells/mL at 46.3 ± 2.2 minutes, and 105 cells/mL at 41.6 ± 1.9 minutes. Negative control samples did not amplify. Next, sample preparation was combined with in-tubing isothermal LAMP amplification by replacing the water elution chamber with a LAMP reaction chamber. In this intermediate configuration, LAMP amplified 103 cells/mL at 74 ± 10 minutes, 104 cells/mL at 60 ± 9 minutes, and 105 TB cells/mL of sputum at 54 ± 9 minutes. Two of three negative controls did not amplify; one amplified at 100 minutes. In the semi-automated system, DNA was eluted directly into an isothermal reaction solution containing the faster OptiGene DNA polymerase. The low surrogate sputum concentration, 103 TB cells/mL, amplified at 52.8 ± 3.3 minutes, 104 cells/mL at 45.4 ± 11.3 minutes, and 105 cells/mL at 31.8 ± 2.9 minutes. TB negative samples amplified at 66.4 ± 7.4 minutes. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a single tube design for integrating sample preparation and isothermal amplification, which with further development could be useful for point-of-care applications, particularly in a low-resource setting.
A planar parabola-feed frequency multiplier (1997)

A novel quasi-optical all-planar frequency doubler that could provide an alternative approach to conventional waveguide circuits for millimeter- and submillimeter-wave signal generation is presented, The multiplier uses a quad-bridge diode configuration for inherent isolation between the input and output signals. Two pairs of double-slot antennas with orthogonal polarizations directly couple input and output signals to the diodes, without the need for hybrid couplers required in typical balanced circuits, The integrated quad-bridge-diode/slot-antenna circuit is mounted on a dielectric-filled parabola for coupling to quasi-optical propagation systems, Measurement results for an X to K-band doubler show frequency conversion loss of 6.8 dB at the output frequency of 20.3 GHz.
The changes of c-fos mRNA expression in the protein kinase C activated-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in a low-calcium environment. (1993)

The effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) on the c-fos mRNA expression in the osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in a low-calcium environment was examined. The c-fos mRNA expression in MC3T3-E1 cells with the treatment of TPA was enhanced under the low-calcium environment. This fact suggests that TPA induced-protein kinase C enhancement produced the increase of c-fos mRNA expression, and that protein kinase C may be intimately involved in c-fos mRNA expression.
Catalase and α-enolase: two novel granulocyte autoantigens in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (1998)

In IBD, the target antigens of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) have not been fully identified, which limits the analysis of the diagnostic significance as well as of the possible pathophysiological role of these antibodies. In this study, we identify the target antigens of ANCA in large groups of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Apart from antibodies against lactoferrin and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), which have been reported before, antibodies against two novel granulocyte antigens were identified: antibodies against a 57/56-kD doublet were found in 38% of samples from UC patients and in 26% of samples from CD patients, whereas antibodies against a 47-kD protein were found in 10% of samples from UC patients and in 18% of samples from CD patients. Partial purification and amino acid sequence analysis identified the 57-kD protein as catalase and the 47-kD protein as alpha-enolase. This study is the first to report catalase and alpha-enolase as granulocyte antigens for autoantibodies in IBD.
Rectilinear 2-center problems. (1999)

We present efficient algorithms for two problems of facility location. In both problems we want to optimize the location of two facilities with respect to n given sites. The first problem, the continuous version, has no restrictions for facility locations but in the second one, the discrete version, facilities are chosen from a specified set of possible locations. We consider the rectilinear metric L1 and arbitrary dimension d and determine the locations that minimize, over all sites, the maximum distance to the closest facility. The algorithms for the continuous and discrete versions take O(n) and O(n log d\\Gamma2 n log log n + n log n) running time respectively. 1 Introduction We address the well studied 2-center problem [2, 4, 16, 14, 21, 20, 25] in facility location [7, 24]. We are given a set of n points representing customers and it is desired to locate 2 facilities in the plane to minimize the largest distance from a customer to its nearest facility. The minimum distance is ...
Current Options in the Treatment of Mitochondrial Diseases (2010)

Mitochondrial diseases (MD) are disorders caused by an impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain function. They are usually progressive, isolated or multi-system diseases and have variable times of onset. Because mitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA), MD can be caused by mutations in both mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA). The complexity of genetic control of mitochondrial function is in part responsible for the intra- and inter-familiar clinical heterogeneity of this class of diseases. Despite the remarkable progress in understanding of the molecular bases of these disorders, therapy of MD is quite inadequate. Present options of treatment mainly include physical, pharmacological and gene therapy approaches. Aerobic exercise and physical therapy is useful to prevent or correct deconditioning and may improve exercise tolerance. Pharmacological approach is based on removing noxious metabolites, using reactive oxygen species scavengers and administrating vitamins and cofactors which is especially important in case of primary deficiencies of specific compounds such as Coenzyme Q10. Gene therapy is fascinating but it is difficult to apply because of polyplasmy and heteroplasmy. Experimental methods include gene shifting, allotopic expression, mitochondrial transfection or correcting mtDNA mutations with specific restriction endonucleases. Here, we discussed some recent patents. Progresses in each of these fields may open interesting perspectives for the future.
Iron-Mediated [3 + 2] or [3 + 3] Annulation of 2-(2-(Ethynyl)phenoxy)-1-arylethanones: Selective Synthesis of Indeno[1,2-<i>c</i>]chromenes and 5<i>H</i>-Naphtho[1,2-<i>c</i>]chromenes (2010)

An iron-mediated tandem annulation strategy has been developed for the synthesis of numerous functional indeno[1,2-c]chromenes and 5H-naphtho[1,2-c]chromenes. This work is the first to disclose an iron-mediated method through sequential electrophilic addition of a ketone to an alkyne and annulation tandem reaction. Importantly, a halide is introduced into the products by a ring-opening process among the annulation of alkynylcyclopropanes, which makes the methodology more attractive for organic synthesis.
Avant-propos (2004)

Ecrire une histoire de la pensée suppose que la pensée ait une histoire et ne se compose pas de moments hétérogènes surgis du génie des hommes dans une création discontinue et imprévisible. Il semble que tout le monde l’admette et que les manuels scolaires, les ouvrages de vulgarisation mais aussi les traités savants en portent témoignage. L’histoire des idées, pense l’homme cultivé quand il ne songe pas à renverser les tables de la loi, est une composante essentielle de l’histoire de l’human...
Photo- and Metabolite Regulation of the Synthesis of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase and the Phycobiliproteins in the Alga <i>Cyanidium caldarium</i> (1984)

In the eukaryotic and unicellular alga Cyanidium caldarium the synthesis of the plastid enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCase) and the light gathering proteins phycocyanin (PC) and allophycocyanin (APC) is under the control of light and glucose, which is a metabolizable carbon source for this organism. Light promotes the synthesis of these proteins while glucose has a strong inhibitory effect on this process. All subunits of the proteins mentioned above are in vitro translation products of poly (A)(-)-RNA (Steinmüller, Kaling, Zetsche 1983 Planta 159: 308-313). Both factors-light and glucose-exert their effects mainly by modulation of the level of translatable messenger RNA for these proteins. Under autotrophic growth conditions the level of translatable RuBPCase-, PC-, and APC-messenger RNA is high, whereas in the presence of glucose the level of these mRNAs is low or not detectable at all.
Systematic underestimation of association between serum cholesterol concentration and ischaemic heart disease in observational studies: data from the BUPA study (1994)

The association between serum cholesterol concentration and ischaemic heart disease is materially stronger than directly inferred from prospective studies. This has important implications for the health benefit of achieving low cholesterol concentrations.
Green top-emitting organic light emitting device with transparent Ba∕Ag bilayer cathode (2006)

Using a vacuum thermal technique, semitransparent Ba∕Ag bilayer cathode has been fabricated for the top-emitting organic light emitting devices. In this work, optical transparency over 60% in the visible region and low sheet resistance of about 15Ω∕sq in the Ba (10nm)∕Ag (8nm) structure are reported. The surface and compositional morphologies of the cathode play a crucial role in determining the optical properties. Top-emitting organic light emitting device using this cathode has been fabricated and studied.
Microfungal Degradation of Polyurethane Paint and Corrosion of Aluminum Alloy in Military Helicopters (1997)

Abstract Military helicopters operating in humid environments often develop growths of microfungi on interior surfaces. Fungal contamination requires labor for cleaning maintenance, and also has the potential to influence corrosion of airframes directly via fungal metabolism or indirectly via unauthorized cleaning procedures. Nine genera of microfungi were isolated from the interiors of military helicopters. One of the isolates is known to discolor paint, and another reportedly causes corrosion in aluminum alloy. In a study to determine the short-term effect of fungal growth on paints used on military helicopters, coupons painted with polyester polyurethane and lacquer-based coating were exposed to fungal isolates. Both coated and uncoated surfaces were examined for physical changes due to presence and activities of fungi. Polyester polyurethane paint exhibited better short term resistance to initiation of overgrowth and surface damage by fungi than lacquer-based paint.
Computer-assisted surgery (1990)

Computer-assisted surgery (CAS), a new navigation aid for skull-base surgery, is discussed. The system described combines 3-D coordinate measurement techniques, voxel processing methods, and pseudo-3-D image presentations to support preoperative planning of therapy, path-finding during the operation itself, and postoperative therapy control. The surgeon employs a hand-guided electromechanical 3-D-coordinate digitizer to locate points of interest within the operative field. The coordinates measured this way are correlated with a voxel model of the object gained by a preceding computed-tomography examination. With a prototype system the accuracy of this method has proven to be better than +or-1 mm. The system has been successfully applied in more than 60 ear-nose-throat operations and four neurosurgical procedures. The computer hardware and integration of the system into an experimental picture archiving and communication system are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IBM 3081 Processor Unit: Design Considerations and Design Process (1982)

Significantly new challenges were presented for the design of the 3081 Processor Unit since it was the first IBM large system implemented in LSI technology. Solutions had to be found for a new set of problems in order to achieve the required product objectives while maintaining an acceptable development cost and schedule. In this paper, the design aspects and the characteristics of the 3081 Processor Unit are described and the tradeoffs that were made due to the implementation of LSI are presented. A design strategy was chosen that included tradeoffs covering the areas of machine organization, performance level, implementation costs, testing and servicing aids, and development schedules. An innovative verification effort was introduced into the design process, capitalizing on a hardware flowcharting discipline and rigorous design rules. On the basis of this development experience, some thoughts concerning VLSI implementations are explored.
Mechanism of inclusion-compound formation for binding of organic dyes, ions and surfactants to α-cyclodextrin studied by kinetic methods based on competition experiments (1986)

This kinetic and thermodynamic study is concerned with a comparison of binding of simple anions, azo-dyes and long-chain surfactants to α-cyclodextrin. Two competition reactions have been employed. (i) In order to obtain information on the association of simple anions and surfactants with α-cyclodextrin, the competitive binding of an azo-dye with α-cyclodextrin has been used in stopped-flow experiments. (ii) In order to study the binding of the azo-dye pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline (PADA) to α-cyclodextrin, the competition reaction used is that between PADA and aquo-metal ions. Ni2+(aq) and Zn2+(aq) are used as competitors for PADA in stopped-flow and Joule-heating temperature-jump experiments.It is confirmed that when azo-dyes interact with α-cyclodextrin, they do so by a two-step mechanism. The first step involves the formation of an intermediate complex in a fast pre-equilibrium step. The second step, which is rate-determining, results in the formation of the final stable inclusion complex. Studies with I–(aq) as a competing ion suggest that the intermediate is associated with dye binding to the inside rather than the outside of the cyclodextrin.Small anions in general have low stability constants for binding to α-cyclodextrin. In marked contrast, surfactants of general formula CnH2n+1SO–4(where n > 8) interact strongly with α-cyclodextrin, and inclusion compounds are formed in which one surfactant binds two cyclodextrin molecules.
Design and analysis of search algorithms for lower power consumption and faster convergence of DAC input of SAR-ADC in 65nm CMOS (2015)

We propose a new approach in reducing the power consumption of the Successive approximation register Analog to Digital Converter (SAR-ADC) by changing the convergence algorithm of the Digital to Analog converter (DAC) input of the SAR-ADC. Different search algorithms such as binary search tree, moving binary search tree (BST), least significant bit shifter (LSB), adaptive algorithm and split-register moving BST algorithm are designed and analyzed for faster convergence of the DAC input. In this paper, we design a 0.8 GS/s, 8 bit (Effective number of bits (ENOB) - 7.42), 8.352 mW SAR ADC with a proposed moving BST algorithm in 65nm CMOS which ranks amongst the current state of the art ADCs with a FOM 65.25fJ/step.