gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylation in <i>Acetobacter xylinum</i> (1969)

Glucose-grown cells of Acetobacter xylinum oxidized acetate only when the reaction mixture was supplemented with catalytic quantities of glucose or intermediates of the citrate cycle. Extracts, prepared by sonic treatment, catalyzed the formation of oxalacetate when incubated with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and bicarbonate. Oxalacetate was not formed in the presence of pyruvate plus adenosine triphosphate. The ability to promote carboxylation of PEP was lower in succinate-grown cells than in glucose-grown cells. PEP carboxylase, partially purified from extracts by ammonium sulfate fractionation, catalyzed the stoichiometric formation of oxalacetate and inorganic phosphate from PEP and bicarbonate. The enzyme was not affected by acetyl-coenzyme A or inorganic phosphate. It was inhibited by adenosine diphosphate in a manner competitive with PEP (K(1) = 1.3 mm) and by dicarboxylic acids of the citrate cycle; of these, succinate was the most potent inhibitor. It is suggested that the physiological role of PEP carboxylase in A. xylinum is to affect the net formation of C(4) acids from C(3) precursors, which are essential for the maintainance of the citrate cycle during growth on glucose. The relationship of PEP carboxylase to other enzyme systems metabolizing PEP and oxalacetate in A. xylinum is discussed.
Full-custom design of split-set data weighted averaging with output register for jitter suppression (2015)

A full-custom design of an element selection algorithm, named as Split-set Data Weighted Averaging (SDWA) is implemented in 90nm CMOS Technology Synopsys Library. SDWA is applied in seven unit elements (3-bit) using a thermometer-coded input. Split-set DWA is an improved DWA algorithm which caters the requirement for randomization along with long-term equal element usage. Randomization and equal element-usage improve the spectral response of the unit elements due to higher Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) and without significantly degrading signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Since a full-custom, the design is brought to transistor-level and the chip custom layout is also provided, having a total area of 0.3mm2, a power consumption of 0.566 mW, and simulated at 50MHz clock frequency. On this implementation, SDWA is successfully derived and improved by introducing a register at the output that suppresses the jitter introduced at the final stage due to switching loops and successive delays.
Cell-stiffness-induced mechanosignaling – a key driver of leukocyte transendothelial migration (2015)

The breaching of cellular and structural barriers by migrating cells is a driving factor in development, inflammation and tumor cell metastasis. One of the most extensively studied examples is the extravasation of activated leukocytes across the vascular endothelium, the inner lining of blood vessels. Each step of this leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) process is regulated by distinct endothelial adhesion receptors such as the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). Adherent leukocytes exert force on these receptors, which sense mechanical cues and transform them into localized mechanosignaling in endothelial cells. In turn, the function of the mechanoreceptors is controlled by the stiffness of the endothelial cells and of the underlying substrate representing a positive-feedback loop. In this Commentary, we focus on the mechanotransduction in leukocytes and endothelial cells, which is induced in response to variations in substrate stiffness. Recent studies have described the first key proteins involved in these mechanosensitive events, allowing us to identify common regulatory mechanisms in both cell types. Finally, we discuss how endothelial cell stiffness controls the individual steps in the leukocyte TEM process. We identify endothelial cell stiffness as an important component, in addition to locally presented chemokines and adhesion receptors, which guides leukocytes to sites that permit TEM.
Role of transforming growth factor-α in von Hippel– Lindau\n (VHL)−/− clear cell renal carcinoma cell proliferation: A\n possible mechanism coupling VHL tumor suppressor inactivation and tumorigenesis (2001)

Mutations of the VHL tumor suppressor gene occur in patients with\n VHL disease and in the majority of sporadic clear cell renal carcinomas\n (VHL−/− RCC). Loss of VHL protein function is associated\n with constitutive expression of mRNAs encoding hypoxia-inducible\n proteins, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Overproduction of\n angiogenic factors might explain why VHL−/− RCC tumors\n are so highly vascularized, but whether this overproduction is\n sufficient for oncogenesis still remains unknown. In this report, we\n examined the activity of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α),\n another VHL-regulated growth factor. We show that TGF-α mRNA and\n protein are hypoxia-inducible in VHL−/− RCC cells\n expressing reintroduced VHL. In addition to its overexpression by\n VHL−/− RCC cells, TGF-α can also act as a specific\n growth-stimulatory factor for VHL−/− RCC cells expressing\n reintroduced wild-type VHL, as well as primary renal proximal tubule\n epithelial cells, the likely site of origin of RCC. This role is in\n contrast to those of other growth factors overexpressed by\n VHL−/− RCC cells, such as vascular endothelial growth\n factor and TGF-β1, which do not stimulate RCC cell proliferation. A\n TGF-α-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide blocked TGF-α\n production in VHL−/− RCC cells, which led to the\n dependence of those cells on exogenous growth factors to sustain growth\n in culture. Growth of VHL−/− RCC cells was also\n significantly reduced by a drug that specifically inhibits the\n epidermal growth factor receptor, the receptor through which TGF-α\n stimulates proliferation. These results suggest that the generation of\n a TGF-α autocrine loop as a consequence of VHL inactivation in renal\n proximal tubule epithelial cells may provide the uncontrolled growth\n stimulus necessary for the initiation of tumorigenesis.
Estimation of Layer Thickness and Velocity Changes Using 4D Prestack Sesimic Data (2005)

C010 Estimation of layer thickness and velocity changes using 4D prestack seismic data Abstract 1 0 0 th EAGE 67 Conference & Exhibition — Madrid Spain 13 - 16 June 2005 1 1 1 T.RØSTE A.STOVAS AND M. LANDRØ 1 Dep. Of Petroleum Engineering and Appl. Geophysics NTNU 7491 Trondheim Norway For some hydrocarbon reservoirs severe compaction of the reservoir rocks is observed. This compaction is caused by the production and is often associated with changes also for the overburden. Time-lapse seismic data can be used to monitor this compaction process. Since the compaction causes both changes in layer thickness
Evaluating the Impact of Variable Phosphorothioate Content in Tricyclo-DNA Antisense Oligonucleotides in a Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Mouse Model (2019)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) hold promise for therapeutic splice switching correction for genetic diseases, in particular for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), for which ASO-exon skipping represents one of the most advanced therapeutic strategies. We have previously reported the therapeutic potential of tricyclo-DNA (tcDNA) in mouse models of DMD, highlighting the unique pharmaceutical properties and unprecedented uptake in many tissues after systemic delivery, including the heart and central nervous system. TcDNA-ASOs demonstrate an encouraging safety profile and no particular class-related toxicity, however, when administered in high doses for several months, mild renal toxicity is observed secondary to predictable phosphorothioate (PS)-ASO accumulation in kidneys. In this study, we investigate the influence of the relative content of PS linkages in tcDNA-ASOs on exon skipping efficacy. <i>Mdx</i> mice were injected intravenously once weekly for 4 weeks with tcDNA carrying various amounts of PS linkages (0%, 25%, 33%, 50%, 67%, 83%, and 100%). The results indicate that levels of exon-23 skipping and dystrophin rescue increase with the number of PS linkages in most skeletal muscles except in the heart. As expected, plasma coagulation times are shortened with decreasing PS content, and tcDNA-protein binding in serum directly correlates with the number of PS linkages on the tcDNA backbone. Altogether, these data contribute in establishing the appropriate sulfur content within the tcDNA backbone for maximal efficacy and minimal toxicity of the oligonucleotide.
Dynamics and significance of placebo response in primary dysmenorrhea (1989)

A total of 55 patients with primary dysmenorrhea who had shown a favorable response to a preliminary treatment cycle with placebo were admitted to a double-blind study on placebo versus antiprostaglandin agents (naproxen and pirprofen). To evaluate the placebo effect and its duration, the treatment was given for 4 successive cycles. Whereas the antiprostaglandin agents were effective in most of the patients (in 80% of the pirprofen group and 85.7% of the naproxen group) and this efficacy was maintained throughout the study, a favorable response to placebo was observed in 84% in the first cycle, 29% in the second, 16% in the third and 10% in the fourth. The incidence of side effects was similar in the placebo and the active treatment groups (35.4% vs. 37.5%). It is postulated that a placebo effect in dysmenorrhea is due to a central analgesic mechanism mediated by endorphin release or possibly to psychological dynamics (mental or conditioning theories). However, this effect loses efficacy with time possibly due to a decreased susceptibility to the opioid action of the central nervous circuits responsible for menstrual pain perception or to deconditioning mechanisms.
[Expression of mechano-growth factor in Escherichia coli and activity analysis]. (2008)

Mechano-growth factor (MGF) is one of IGF-1 isoforms. MGF is mechanosensitive and has important functions in muscle hypertrophy, regeneration and nerve injury recovery. In this study, MGF cDNA (330 bp) was cloned from stretched osteoblasts by RT-PCR. In order to avoid prolin residue inhibiting enterokinase cleavage, 9bp of MGF cDNA 5' end sequence was truncated by primer, then the obtained truncated MGF (des(1-3)MGF) cDNA (321 bp) was subcloned in pET32a(+) vector to construct a prokaryotic recombination expression plasmid. Trx/des(1-3)MGF fusion protein, existing in forms of solution, was expressed in transformed Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by IPTG induction at 30 degres C. The supernatant of cell lysates was subjected to ion exchange chromatography and Ni2+ metal affinity chromatography, and the fusion protein was obtained with the purity over 95%. After the fusion protein was cleaved by enterokinase, Trx and des(1-3)MGF was isolated by reverse-phase HPLC. Through these procedures, des(1-3) MGF was obtained with the purity of 98%. The protein molecular mass was conformity to the theoretical value by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis. The purified des(1-3)MGF was incubated with MC3T3-E1 for cell proliferation and migration assays. The results show that des(1-3)MGF exhibited more facilitative effects on proliferation and migration of MC3T3-E1 than that of des(1-3)IGF-1.
24-GHz Frequency-Modulation Continuous-Wave Radar Front-End System-on-Substrate (2008)

Design and implementation of a 24-GHz frequency-modulation continuous-wave radar front-end system is presented and discussed, and its hybrid planar and waveguide building blocks are fully integrated on one single substrate. A flexible and compact integration methodology on the basis of the substrate-integrated-circuits concept is deployed to design such a microwave front-end system-on-substrate. In this study, it is found that this surface-volume hybrid integration scheme not only enables the complete system integration of planar and nonplanar microwave circuits, but also combines respective advantages of such structures in connection with microstrip lines (planar) and waveguides (nonplanar). Design strategies of the system building blocks including mixers, power dividers, and antenna arrays are discussed together along with the measured results. To verify the developed radar prototype, laboratory-based target-range measurements are conducted.
New Dihydrostilbene Derivatives from the Leaves of<i>Glycyrrhiza</i><i>g</i><i>labra</i>and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity (2003)

Five new prenylated dihydrostilbenes, alpha,alpha'-dihydro-3,5,4'-trihydroxy-4,5'-diisopentenylstilbene (1), alpha,alpha'-dihydro-3,5,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-4,5'-diisopentenylstilbene (2), alpha,alpha'-dihydro-3,5,4'-trihydroxy-5'-isopentenylstilbene (3), alpha,alpha'-dihydro-3,5,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-5'-isopentenylstilbene (4), and alpha,alpha'-dihydro-3,5,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-5'-isopentenyl stilbene (5), along with four known flavonoids, glabranin (6), pinocembrin, (7), licoflavone (8), and wighteone (9), were isolated from a lipid extract of the leaves of Sicilian Glycyrrhiza glabra. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts and the isolated compounds were tested.
Spin torque oscillator frequency versus magnetic field angle: The prospect of operation beyond 65 GHz (2009)

We study the impact of the magnetic field angle on the oscillation frequency of a nanocontact spin torque oscillator (STO) in magnetic fields up to 2.1 T. A model based on a single nonlinear, nonpropagating spin wave mode is found to explain the experimental data. We observe oscillation frequencies as high as 46 GHz in high magnetic fields applied normal to the film plane, and we are able to extrapolate the maximum expected operating frequency to beyond 65 GHz for in-plane magnetic fields. The STO signal remains surprisingly strong at these conditions, which opens up for possible millimeter-wave applications.
Multi-Source Pointer Network for Product Title Summarization (2018)

In this paper, we study the product title summarization problem in E-commerce applications for display on mobile devices. Comparing with conventional sentence summarization, product title summarization has some extra and essential constraints. For example, factual errors or loss of the key information are intolerable for E-commerce applications. Therefore, we abstract two more constraints for product title summarization: (i) do not introduce irrelevant information; (ii) retain the key information (e.g., brand name and commodity name). To address these issues, we propose a novel multi-source pointer network by adding a new knowledge encoder for pointer network. The first constraint is handled by pointer mechanism. For the second constraint, we restore the key information by copying words from the knowledge encoder with the help of the soft gating mechanism. For evaluation, we build a large collection of real-world product titles along with human-written short titles. Experimental results demonstrate that our model significantly outperforms the other baselines. Finally, online deployment of our proposed model has yielded a significant business impact, as measured by the click-through rate.
Leaky bucket analysis for ATM networks (2002)

The authors investigate input rate control in ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks. More specifically, they focus on the policing mechanisms, whose function is to assure that the sources abide by their initial specification. They study one such mechanism, the leaky bucket, and use the uniform arrival and service model, as well as simulation to study its effectiveness in bursty traffic. They show that leaky bucket is not adequate for deletion of abusive traffic cells, and therefore, they propose a marking scheme to delete cells only in the case of congestion. They also introduce the notion of reaction time in input rate control and show that the use of multiple leaky buckets in parallel offers an effective tradeoff between average rate enforcement and reaction to sudden bursts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Tapered Phase-Shift Oscillator (1948)

The tapered phase-shift networks with three and four sections are investigated. It is shown that an oscillator incorporating one of these networks and a triode tube is useful throughout the audio-frequency range.
K-SRL: Instance-based Learning for Semantic Role Labeling (2016)

Semantic role labeling (SRL) is the task of identifying and labeling predicate-argument structures in sentences with semantic frame and role labels. A known challenge in SRL is the large number of low-frequency exceptions in training data, which are highly context-specific and difficult to generalize. To overcome this challenge, we propose the use of instance-based learning that performs no explicit generalization, but rather extrapolates predictions from the most similar instances in the training data. We present a variant of k-nearest neighbors (kNN) classification with composite features to identify nearest neighbors for SRL. We show that high-quality predictions can be derived from a very small number of similar instances. In a comparative evaluation we experimentally demonstrate that our instance-based learning approach significantly outperforms current state-of-the-art systems on both in-domain and out-of-domain data, reaching F1-scores of 89,28% and 79.91% respectively.
Highly sensitive and selective detection of silver ions and silver nanoparticles in aqueous solution using an oligonucleotide-based fluorogenic probe (2009)

We developed a new homogeneous assay-using SYBR Green I and repeats of 20 C nucleotides-for the highly selective and sensitive detection of silver ions and silver nanoparticles.
Development of a Methodology for Piracy Protection of Software Installations (2005)

With the advent of illegal copying of software and pervasive access to the Internet, software protection has gained increasing importance. Therefore, a complete solution, that provides the software piracy protection capability, is required. It should allow one to protect his/her software applications against piracy, illegal use, or illegitimate copy. The authors surveyed current and promising techniques designed to reliably preserve and protect software installations vital to privacy and security. In this paper, the lines of attack have been chalked out under the light of research carried out to explore the known piracy problems and the case studies regarding the work done in the context of anti-piracy. Finally, a refined methodology for secure electronic software distribution and installation has been clearly defined so that software companies do not go on forever, pouring money into development without fully realizing their legitimate profits to justify that expense
PTP/IP - a new transport specification for wireless photography (2005)

PTP (picture transfer protocol ISO-15740) is an international standard for connectivity and interface of digital photography devices. In this paper, we describe how PTP can be extended to work over generic TCP/IP networks. As digital cameras and printers becomes wireless, PTP/IP provides the necessary flexibility of applications infrastructure for networked digital photography.
Simultaneous Substitution in High Lithium Ion Conducting Garnet-Type Oxides; Li<sub>7</sub> <sub>+X</sub>La<sub>3-</sub> <sub>Y</sub>A<sub>Y</sub>Zr<sub>2-</sub> <sub>Z</sub>Nb<sub>Z</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (A = Sr, Ca) (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Competitive Anti-Hebbian Learning of Invariants (1991)

Although the detection of invariant structure in a given set of input patterns is vital to many recognition tasks, connectionist learning rules tend to focus on directions of high variance (principal components). The prediction paradigm is often used to reconcile this dichotomy; here we suggest a more direct approach to invariant learning based on an anti-Hebbian learning rule. An unsupervised two-layer network implementing this method in a competitive setting learns to extract coherent depth information from random-dot stereograms. 1
Prototype micro-valve actuator (2002)

An experimental demonstration of a millimeter-scale actuator using a sputter-deposited film of shape-memory alloy is presented. A membrane of the shape-memory film was prepared, securely held, and then displaced by pneumatic pressure. By applying a low-voltage electrical pulse to cause actuation, the membrane was able to work against the pneumatic load and exhibit two-state behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effective isolation of exosomes with polyethylene glycol from cell culture supernatant for in-depth proteome profiling (2016)

Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles shed by almost all kinds of cells. Recently, increased interest has been focused on these extracellular vesicles as natural carriers transporting biological contents for intercellular communication. However, current isolation techniques, such as ultracentrifugation, are not convenient and often require specialized equipment. Herein, we describe a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based approach, which could permit facile, low-cost and effective isolation of exosomes from cell culture supernatant. High-resolution electron microscopes clearly visualized the size and morphology of isolated exosome aggregates, implying the mechanism of PEG-based precipitation. Combined with tandem mass spectrometry analysis, 6299 protein groups encoded by 5120 genes were successfully characterized from HeLa cell culture supernatant, including numerous exosome proteins which could overlap 97% of the Top 100 exosome marker proteins recorded in the ExoCarta database, as well as a series of low-abundance cytokines and biomarkers. Furthermore, we found a higher ratio of neo-cleavage sites in proteins identified from exosomes compared with cellular proteins, revealing the potential roles of exosomes in accumulation and transportation of protein degradation intermediates.
Comprehensive analysis of dengue virus-specific responses supports an HLA-linked protective role for CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells (2013)

The role of CD8(+) T cells in dengue virus infection and subsequent disease manifestations is not fully understood. According to the original antigenic sin theory, skewing of T-cell responses induced by primary infection with one serotype causes less effective response upon secondary infection with a different serotype, predisposing individuals to severe disease. A comprehensive analysis of CD8(+) responses in the general population from the Sri Lankan hyperendemic area, involving the measurement of ex vivo IFNγ responses associated with more than 400 epitopes, challenges the original antigenic sin theory. Although skewing of responses toward primary infecting viruses was detected, this was not associated with impairment of responses either qualitatively or quantitatively. Furthermore, we demonstrate higher magnitude and more polyfunctional responses for HLA alleles associated with decreased susceptibility to severe disease, suggesting that a vigorous response by multifunctional CD8(+) T cells is associated with protection from dengue virus disease.