gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and antigenic types of cell wall polysaccharides from viridans group streptococci with receptors for oral actinomyces and streptococcal lectins (1997)

Lectin-mediated interactions between oral viridans group streptococci and actinomyces may play an important role in microbial colonization of the tooth surface. The presence of two host-like motifs, either GalNAc beta1-->3Gal (Gn) or Gal beta1-->3GalNAc (G), in the cell wall polysaccharides of five streptococcal strains accounts for the lactose-sensitive coaggregations of these bacteria with Actinomyces naeslundii. Three streptococcal strains which have Gn-containing polysaccharides also participate in GalNAc-sensitive coaggregations with strains of Streptococcus gordonii and S. sanguis. Each Gn- or G-containing polysaccharide is composed of a distinct phosphodiester-linked hexa- or heptasaccharide repeating unit. The occurrence of these polysaccharides on 19 additional viridans group streptococcal strains that participate in lactose-sensitive coaggregations with actinomyces was examined. Negatively charged polysaccharides that reacted with Bauhinia purpurea agglutinin, a Gal and GalNAc binding plant lectin, were isolated from 17 strains by anion exchange column chromatography of mutanolysin-cell wall digests. Results from nuclear magnetic resonance and immunodiffusion identified each of 16 polysaccharides as a known Gn- or G-containing structural type and one polysaccharide as a new but closely related Gn-containing type. Unlike the reactions of lectins, the cross-reactions of most rabbit antisera with these polysaccharides were correlated with structural features other than the host-like motifs. Gn-containing polysaccharides occurred primarily on the strains of S. sanguis and S. oralis while G-containing polysaccharides were more common among the strains of S. gordonii and S. mitis examined. The findings strongly support the hypothesis that lectin-mediated recognition of these streptococci by other oral bacteria depends on a family of antigenically diverse Gn- and G-containing cell wall polysaccharides, the occurrence of which may differ between streptococcal species.
Patterning of Crystalline Organic Materials by Electro‐hydrodynamic Lithography (2012)

The control of semi-crystalline polymers in thin films and in micrometer-sized patterns is attractive for (opto-)electronic applications. Electro-hydrodynamic lithography (EHL) enables the structure formation of organic crystalline materials on the micrometer length scale while at the same time exerting control over crystal orientation. This gives rise to well-defined micro-patterned arrays of uniaxially aligned polymer crystals. This study explores the interplay of EHL structure formation with crystal alignment and studies the mechanisms that give rise to crystal orientation in EHL-generated structures.
Interpretation of Diagnostics-While-Drilling Data (2003)

Abstract A number of dynamic drilling problems, such as whirl, chatter, and torsional oscillations require real-time downhole data if they are to be mitigated. Current measurement-while-drilling data transfer rates are too slow for these problems to be adequately addressed in a timely manner. Furthermore, data received at the surface must be displayed in real-time in an interpretable fashion if problems are to be recognized. A Diagnostics-While-Drilling (DWD) system has been built and used in a series of proof-of-concept (POC) tests at the GTI Catoosa Test Facility. Test results demonstrate that real-time, high-speed, downhole drilling-dynamics data allow the recognition of, and reaction to, undesirable downhole conditions, thereby mitigating bit-damaging events that frequently occur but are unseen in surface data. While the primary purpose of the system is to display information in real time, data are also archived for later analysis. For this reason, the system does not process data downhole. All data are transmitted to the surface. This requires a high-speed data link. The bandwidth available with mud pulse telemetry is several orders of magnitude too low for this application. The volume and complexity of downhole information necessitates careful data-management techniques. Tests accomplished thus far with the DWD system have yielded many observations and lessons that pave the way for future improvements to the system and its function. These improvements promise to drastically reduce drilling-dynamics problems.
Report on the 50th Spring Meeting (2003) of The Japan Society of Applied Physics and Related Societies (2003)

The 50th Spring Meeting (2003) of The Japan Society of Applied Physics and Related Societies (JSAP) was held over four days from March 27th (Thurs.) to 30th (Sun.), 2003, at the Yokohama Campus of Kanagawa University (Yokohama City). Despite the continuing economic slump, this year’s meeting was the largest ever in terms of the number of presentations, with a total of 4,663 lectures (4,072 contributed papers and 591 invited talks given at symposiums and topical sessions). The number of registered participants also far exceeded expectations at 9,117 (the fourth largest turnout at a JSAP Meeting), further contributing to the great success of the event. Figure 1 shows the movement in the scale of JSAP’s Spring and Fall Meetings since 1970. JSAP Meetings grew rapidly in the 1980s, and the number of papers increased from 3,000 to 8,000 per year. This is a reflection of the brisk pace of RD Table 1 is a summary of the fields characterized by the most significant increases in the number of papers submitted over the last three years. As these results clearly indicate, among the various research activities covered by JSAP, the fields of Organic Molecular Electronics and Bioelectronics have demonstrated exceptionally rapid growth. In response to the increased activity in research and development with a view toward organic electroluminescence (EL) in addition to electronic device applications, e.g., field effect transistors (FETs), a new session with a focus on “Organic Devices” was established. This new session was so well received at all of the venues that participants were willing to stand well after the seating limitations had been surpassed. The field of Quantum Electronics has also demonstrated exceptional growth. Particularly in the session on “Photonic Nano-Structures and Relating Phenomena,” which has been offered since the Spring Meeting in 2001, discussions focus mainly on photonic crystals, but recently there has been an increasing number of presentations relating to plasmons in metals as well as near-field and black body radiation control, with an accompanying increase in both the quality and quantity of results derived from waveguide, resonator, and laser applications. The number of presentations on “Laser Processing” has gradually increased in recent years as well. The increase in research activities in this field was particularly apparent at this year’s Meeting, where presentations on femtosecond laser processing alone accounted for 29 of the total. In the past, research presentations on carbon nanotubes (CNT) at JSAP Meetings had been divided into five main classifications, each
13‐Oxo‐9(<i>Z</i>),11(<i>E</i>),15(<i>Z</i>)‐octadecatrienoic Acid Activates Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor γ in Adipocytes (2014)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ is expressed in adipose tissue and plays a key role in the regulation of adipogenesis. PPARγ activators are known to have potent antihyperglycemic activity and are used to treat insulin resistance associated with diabetes. Therefore, many natural and synthetic agonists of PPARγ are used in the treatment of glucose disorders. In the present study, we found that 13-oxo-9(Z),11(E),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (13-oxo-OTA), a linolenic acid derivative, is present in the extract of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata), and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). We also found that 13-oxo-OTA activated PPARγ and induced the mRNA expression of PPARγ target genes in adipocytes, thereby promoting differentiation. Furthermore, 13-oxo-OTA induced secretion of adiponectin and stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that 13-oxo-OTA induces adipogenesis through PPARγ activation and to present 13-oxo-OTA as a valuable food-derived compound that may be applied in the management of glucose metabolism disorders.
Biogenic Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Plant Extracts (2013)

In recent years, nanobiotechnology has emerged as an elementary division of modern science and a noval epoch in the fields of material science and is receiving global attention due to its ample applications. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been employed to synthesize nanomaterials. Biological systems such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, yeasts, viruses, and plants have been reported to synthesize various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Among these, biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plants seems to be a very effective method in developing a rapid, clean, nontoxic, and eco-friendly technology. The use of plant biomass or extracts for the biosynthesis of novel metal nanoparticles (silver, gold, platinum, and palladium) would be more significant if the nanoparticles are synthesized extracellularly and in a controlled manner according to their dispersity of shape and size. Owing to the rich biodiversity of plants, their potential use toward the synthesis of these nobel metal nanoparticles is yet to be explored. The aim of this review is to provide the recent trends involved in the phytosynthesis of nobel metal nanoparticles in the past decade.
Photoreactivity of Iron(III)−Aerobactin:  Photoproduct Structure and Iron(III) Coordination (2006)

UV photolysis of the ferric aerobactin complex results in decarboxylation of the alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acid group of the central citrate moiety of aerobactin. The structure determination of the photooxidized ligand shows that decarboxylation occurs at the citrate moiety forming a 3-ketoglutarate moiety. Proton and carbon-13 NMR establish the presence of keto and enol tautomers of the apo-photoproduct, with the enol form prevailing in water. The photoproduct retains the ability to coordinate iron(III). The values of the ligand protonation constants, the pKa of the Fe(III)-ligand complex, and the Fe(III) stability constant of the photoproduct of aerobactin are all close to those of aerobactin. CD spectroscopy suggests that the chirality of the ferric complexes of aerobactin and its photoproduct are similar. Like aerobactin, the photoproduct promotes iron acquisition by the source bacterium, Vibrio sp. DS40M5.
Waveform digitizing laser scanners for surveying and surveillance applications (2005)

We discuss the potential of waveform digitizing scanning lidars for two different applications: surveying applications and collision avoidance applications, both from airborne or terrestrial platforms. These two applications impose remarkably different requirements on the scanning lidar, which, nevertheless, can both be met with a similar hardware architecture by appropriately designing the processing algorithms for the digitized echo waveforms, taking into consideration fundamental parameters as laser beam geometry and scan speed.
Behavioral test generation for VHDL processes (2002)

In this paper, two test generation algorithms for VHDL processes are presented. The first algorithm works on combinational processes, whereas the second works on sequential processes. The goal of both algorithms is testing all portions of the design by traversing all the possible paths. The VHDL subset we have considered in these algorithms covers almost 90% of ordinary designs. Our approach in this paper employs software testing metrics as well as state and transition coverage for FSMs.
When the Family Business Is a Sickness (1996)

When a shared business retards the life-cycle development of both generations, it may not be possible for consultants to “restore” their system to health as a family business, because it is unhealthy for such families to be in business together at all. Fantasies of saving their family business, or “succeeding” in passing it to the next generation, are misguided at best. The author argues that when parents' ego development is inadequate, normal individuation makes them and their children so anxious that the business functions like an addiction. A primary role of the consultant is to recognize such cases, diagnose them carefully, and intervene in ways that encourage the next generation to explore a wider range of options.
Structure of erbium pentaphosphate (1980)

0.13 0.3224 (3) 0.2508 (3) 0.2405 (3) 0.38 0.1496(3) 0.1682(3) 0.1030(3) 0.13 0.0253 (3) 0.3488 (3) 0.0324 (3) 0.18 -0.1820 (3) 0.3628 (3) 0.1089 (3) 0.10 -0.3535 (3) 0.4659 (3) -0.0016 (3) 0.29 0.3694 (9) 0.1500 (8) 0.2690 (8) 0.93 0.5598 (8) -0.0968 (8) 0.1330 (7) 0.55 0.4747 (8) 0.1018 (8) 0.0745 (8) 0.84 0.3469 (8) -0.0490 (8) 0.1771 (8) 0.63 -0.1163 (9) -0.1567 (8) 0.2162 (8) 1.06 0.0893 (8) 0.1296 (7) 0.1927 (7) 0.48 -0-1143 (9) 0.0374 (8) 0.1149 (8) 0.86 0.0763 (8) -0.0654 (8) 0.0858 (8) 0.75 0.2442 (8) 0.2360 (8) 0.1353 (8) 0-82 0.2416 (8) 0.2729 (7) 0.3339 (8) 0.77 0.0857 (8) 0.2392 (7) 0.0217 (7) 0.69 0-1940 (7) 0.0818 (7) 0.0263 (7) 0.35 -0-0910 (7) 0.3019 (7) 0.0550 (7) 0.30 -0.2499 (9) 0.3963 (7) 0.0098 (7) 0.61
Preparation of nobiletin in self-microemulsifying systems and its intestinal permeability in rats (2008)

Bases on the above results, the SMEDDS could enhance the intestinal permeability of the nobiletin, and may be presented as potential candidates for improving the oral absorption of the noblietin.
The Lipocalin α1-Microglobulin Has Radical Scavenging Activity (2007)

The lipocalin alpha(1)-microglobulin (alpha(1)m) is a 26-kDa glycoprotein present in plasma and in interstitial fluids of all tissues. The protein was recently shown to have reductase properties, reducing heme-proteins and other substrates, and was also reported to be involved in binding and scavenging of heme and tryptophan metabolites. To investigate its possible role as a reductant of organic radicals, we have studied the interaction of alpha(1)m with the synthetic radical, 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS radical). The lipocalin readily reacted with the ABTS radical forming reduced ABTS. The apparent rate constant for this reaction was 6.3 +/- 2.5 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1). A second reaction product with an intense purple color and an absorbance maximum at 550 nm was formed at a similar rate. This was shown by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to be derived from covalent attachment of a portion of ABTS radical to tyrosine residues on alpha(1)m. The relative yields of reduced ABTS and the purple ABTS derivative bound to alpha(1)m were approximately 2:1. Both reactions were dependent on the thiolate group of the cysteine residue in position 34 of the alpha(1)m polypeptide. Our results indicate that alpha(1)m is involved in a sequential reduction of ABTS radicals followed by trapping of these radicals by covalent attachment. In combination with the reported physiological properties of the protein, our results suggest that alpha(1)m may be a radical reductant and scavenger in vivo.
Seed-specific expression of the isopentenyl transferase gene ( <i>ipt</i> ) in transgenic tobacco (1998)

The Agrobacterium tumefaciens gene encoding isopentenyl transferase ( ipt ), a cytokinin biosynthetic gene, was fused to a promoter from a seed-specific gene, vicilin, and introduced into tobacco cells. Intact fertile plants were generated. The expression of the vicilin-ipt gene was shown to be confined to seed and resulted in enhanced levels of cytokinins in the developing seeds and increased seed protein content. Using a simplified quantification method, a significant increase in the levels of endogenous cytokinins was recorded at 16–21 days after flowering. The growth of the transgenic plants and the development of the seeds appeared to be normal.
Acoustics based assessment of respiratory diseases using GMM classification (2010)

The focus of this paper is to present a method utilizing lung sounds for a quantitative assessment of patient health as it relates to respiratory disorders. In order to accomplish this, applicable traditional techniques within the speech processing domain were utilized to evaluate lung sounds obtained with a digital stethoscope. Traditional methods utilized in the evaluation of asthma involve auscultation and spirometry, but utilization of more sensitive electronic stethoscopes, which are currently available, and application of quantitative signal analysis methods offer opportunities of improved diagnosis. In particular we propose an acoustic evaluation methodology based on the Gaussian Mixed Models (GMM) which should assist in broader analysis, identification, and diagnosis of asthma based on the frequency domain analysis of wheezing and crackles.
Bright/ARID3A contributes to chromatin accessibility of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer (2007)

Bright/ARID3A is a nuclear matrix-associated transcription factor that stimulates immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) expression and Cyclin E1/E2F-dependent cell cycle progression. Bright positively activates IgH transcriptional initiation by binding to ATC-rich P sites within nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) flanking the IgH intronic enhancer (Emu). Over-expression of Bright in cultured B cells was shown to correlate with DNase hypersensitivity of Emu. We report here further efforts to analyze Bright-mediated Emu enhancer activation within the physiological constraints of chromatin. A system was established in which VH promoter-driven in vitro transcription on chromatin- reconstituted templates was responsive to Emu. Bright assisted in blocking the general repression caused by nucleosome assembly but was incapable of stimulating transcription from prebound nucleosome arrays. In vitro transcriptional derepression by Bright was enhanced on templates in which Emu is flanked by MARs and was inhibited by competition with high affinity Bright binding (P2) sites. DNase hypersensitivity of chromatin-reconstituted Emu was increased when prepackaged with B cell nuclear extract supplemented with Bright. These results identify Bright as a contributor to accessibility of the IgH enhancer.
Heat Shock Response - Pathophysiological Implications (1997)

All organisms exposed to environmental stress conditions share a common molecular response characterized by a dramatic change in the pattern of gene expression followed by an elevated synthesis of heat shock or stress proteins. These proteins function as molecular chaperones to protect cells from environmental stress damage by binding to partially denatured proteins, dissociating protein aggregates, and regulating the correct folding and intracellular translocation of newly synthesized polypeptides. Accumulating evidence supports a role for heat shock proteins in a number of disease states of which inflammatory reactions and ischaema provide the best studied examples. The inducible heat shock response involves transcriptional gene activation mediated by specific regulatory proteins called heat shock transcription factors, which bind to the promoter of heat shock genes in a sequence-specific manner. However, the signalling pathways leading to the activation of these transcription factors need to be characterized in more detail to be able to understand the role, cause, or consequence, of heat shock proteins in human diseases. This review presents recent progress in unravelling the regulation of heat shock gene expression in cells subjected to heat or other forms of stress. By using inflammatory responses and myocardial ischaema as examples, the putative use of heat shock proteins are discussed as targets for future therapeutic applications.
Th2 LCR is essential for regulation of Th2 cytokine genes and for pathogenesis of allergic asthma (2010)

Previous studies have shown that Th2 cytokine genes on mouse chromosome 11 are coordinately regulated by the Th2 locus control region (LCR). To examine the in vivo function of Th2 LCR, we generated CD4-specific Th2 LCR-deficient (cLCR KO) mice using Cre-LoxP recombination. The number of CD4 T cells in the cLCR KO mouse was comparable to that in wild-type mice. The expression of Th2 cytokines was dramatically reduced in in vitro-stimulated naïve CD4 T cells. Deletion of the LCR led to a loss of general histone H3 acetylation and histone H3-K4 methylation, and demethylation of DNA in the Th2 cytokine locus. Upon ovalbumin challenge in the mouse model of allergic asthma, cLCR KO mice exhibited marked reduction in the recruitment of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum IgE level, lung airway inflammation, mucus production in the airway walls, and airway hyperresponsiveness. These results directly demonstrate that the Th2 LCR is critically important in the regulation of Th2 cytokine genes, in chromatin remodeling of the Th2 cytokine locus, and in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.
Antitumor Activity of the Aqueous Extract from <i>Sedum sarmentosum</i> Bunge <i>In Vitro</i> (2010)

This study suggests that AE of S. sarmentosum has potential in preventing and inhibiting effects on hepatocellular carcinoma, which is associated with apoptosis of the cancer cells.
Open‐Framework Materials Synthesized in the TMA<sup>+</sup>/TEA<sup>+</sup> Mixed‐Template System: The New Low Si/Al Ratio Zeolites UZM‐4 and UZM‐5 (2003)

Die richtige Mischung! Kombinationen des Tetramethyl- und des Tetraethylammonium-Ions wurden zur Synthese der neuen Verbindungen UZM-4, eines stabilen großporigen Zeoliths mit BPH-Topologie, und UZM-5 genutzt. Das Gerüst von UZM-5, das mit dem von Zeolith A topologisch verwandt ist, enthält große Oberflächenmulden als potenzielle Katalysestellen für aromatische Verbindungen.
Adjuvant, adoptive immunotherapy with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes plus interleukin‐2 after radical hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases: 5‐year analysis (2004)

Our data suggest that we are still a long way from being able to propose TIL + IL-2 treatment as an effective adjuvant therapy. However, the results confirm that the biological indicators examined could play an important role in modulating immunitary response against tumor cells.
The active form of MMP-3 is a marker of synovial inflammation and cartilage turnover in inflammatory joint diseases (2014)

We have successfully developed an assay measuring act-MMP-3 in human serum showing correlation to inflammatory markers. Further studies are required to clarify, whether act-MMP-3 can serve as a predictive marker for outcome in chronic rheumatoid disorders.
Oxytocin inhibits the progression of human ovarian carcinoma cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2004)

The neurohypophyseal nonapeptide oxytocin (OT) is involved in many biologic functions and regulation of cell proliferation under both physiologic and neoplastic conditions. In some cases, OT exhibits an oxytocin receptor (OTR)-mediated antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. In this study, we examined the effects of OT on ovarian carcinoma progression in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the inhibitory effects of OT on cell growth, invasion and migration in vitro. Furthermore, we examined the OT effects in vivo ovarian carcinoma model. We demonstrated OTR expressions in the large majority of ovarian carcinoma tissues, and OT inhibited not only proliferation but also migration and invasion in ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro. Furthermore, we examined the mechanisms of the antiinvasive ability of OT. Secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 2 was slightly inhibited by 10(-7) M OT, while treatment with 10(-7) M OT for 24 hr remarkably enhanced the expression of E-cadherin. In addition, our in vivo study showed that intraperitoneal administration of OT resulted in the reduction of intraperitoneal dissemination of ovarian carcinoma cells. Mean tumor burden in the OT-treated group (0.2 +/- 0.11 g) was significantly (p < 0.05) less than that of physiologic saline-treated group (0.5 +/- 0.54 g). This evidence implies that OT may functionally suppress peritoneal dissemination in ovarian carcinoma.