gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Darstellung von <i>N</i>‐Acetyl‐lactosamin (4‐β‐<scp>D</scp>‐Galaktopyranosyl‐2‐desoxy‐2‐acetamino‐<scp>D</scp>‐glucopyranose) aus Lactose. Aminozucker‐synthesen IV (1956)

Abstract Aus dem Anilid der 3‐β‐ D ‐Galaktopyranosyl‐ D ‐arabinose läßt sich durch Addition von Blausäure, katalytische Halbhydrierung und Acetylierung das N ‐Acetyl‐lactosamin (4‐β‐ D ‐Galaktopyranosyl‐ N ‐acetyl‐ D ‐glucosamin) in einer Ausbeute von 42% d. Th. gewinnen. Die synthetische Substanz ist mit dem aus Mekonium, aus Frauenmilch und aus dem Mucin des Schweinemagens erhaltenen Disaccharid identisch. Die Darstellung des genannten Anilids aus Lactose wird beschrieben.
What's Wrong with Computational Notebooks? Pain Points, Needs, and Design Opportunities (2020)

Computational notebooks - such as Azure, Databricks, and Jupyter - are a popular, interactive paradigm for data scientists to author code, analyze data, and interleave visualizations, all within a single document. Nevertheless, as data scientists incorporate more of their activities into notebooks, they encounter unexpected difficulties, or pain points, that impact their productivity and disrupt their workflow. Through a systematic, mixed-methods study using semi-structured interviews (n=20) and survey (n=156) with data scientists, we catalog nine pain points when working with notebooks. Our findings suggest that data scientists face numerous pain points throughout the entire workflow - from setting up notebooks to deploying to production - across many notebook environments. Our data scientists report essential notebook requirements, such as supporting data exploration and visualization. The results of our study inform and inspire the design of computational notebooks.
Paternal mutation of the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) gene and maternal loss of 11p15 imprinted genes lead to persistent hyperinsulinism in focal adenomatous hyperplasia. (1998)

Congenital hyperinsulinism, or persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), is a glucose metabolism disorder characterized by unregulated secretion of insulin and profound hypoglycemia. From a morphological standpoint, there are two types of histopathological lesions, a focal adenomatous hyperplasia of islet cells of the pancreas in approximately 30% of operated sporadic cases, and a diffuse form. In sporadic focal forms, specific losses of maternal alleles (LOH) of the imprinted chromosomal region 11p15, restricted to the hyperplastic area of the pancreas, were observed. Similar mechanisms are observed in embryonal tumors and in the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), also associated with neonatal but transient hyperinsulinism. However, this region also contains the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) gene and the inward rectifying potassium channel subunit (KIR6.2) gene, involved in recessive familial forms of PHHI, but not known to be imprinted. Although the parental bias in loss of maternal alleles did not argue in favor of their direct involvement, the LOH may also unmask a recessive mutation leading to persistent hyperinsulinism. We now report somatic reduction to hemizygosity or homozygosity of a paternal SUR1 constitutional heterozygous mutation in four patients with a focal form of PHHI. Thus, this somatic event which leads both to beta cell proliferation and to hyperinsulinism can be considered as the somatic equivalent, restricted to a microscopic focal lesion, of constitutional uniparental disomy associated with unmasking of a heterozygous parental mutation leading to a somatic recessive disorder.
Model-Based System Design for MIL, SIL, and HIL (2012)

Rose-Hulman is competing in EcoCAR2, a three year competition where teams design, build, and test a hybridvehicle architecture. Teams are required to generate vehicle models that will be used throughout the life of the competition. The model is used to choose a hybrid architecture, design a robust control scheme, implement fault mitigation strategies, and optimize vehicle performance. Modelling techniques include Model-in-the- Loop, Software-in-the-Loop, and Hardware-in-the-Loop. This paper will discuss the techniques developed to build a model that can be actively used for the life of the three year competition and maintained across the MIL, SIL, and HIL modelling levels.
Delivery of bioactive molecules to mitochondria <i>in</i> <i>vivo</i> (2003)

Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to many human degenerative diseases but specific treatments are hampered by the difficulty of delivering bioactive molecules to mitochondria in vivo. To overcome this problem we developed a strategy to target bioactive molecules to mitochondria by attachment to the lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation through an alkyl linker. These molecules rapidly permeate lipid bilayers and, because of the large mitochondrial membrane potential (negative inside), accumulate several hundredfold inside isolated mitochondria and within mitochondria in cultured cells. To determine whether this strategy could lead to the development of mitochondria-specific therapies, we investigated the administration and tissue distribution in mice of simple alkyltriphenylphosphonium cations and of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants comprising a triphenylphosphonium cation coupled to a coenzyme Q or vitamin E derivative. Significant doses of these compounds could be fed safely to mice over long periods, coming to steady-state distributions within the heart, brain, liver, and muscle. Therefore, mitochondria-targeted bioactive molecules can be administered orally, leading to their accumulation at potentially therapeutic concentrations in those tissues most affected by mitochondrial dysfunction. This finding opens the way to the testing of mitochondria-specific therapies in mouse models of human degenerative diseases.
Congestion control in multi-hop wireless networks (2005)

In this paper, we present a novel Explicit Wireless Congestion Control Protocol (EWCCP) for stationary multihop wireless networks. By exploiting explicit coordination and multi-bit explicit feedback from routers, EWCCP gains fine-grain control and is robust to the dynamics of the wireless channel. EWCCP stabilizes at a lower but more optimal sending window regarding to TCP, and achieves low buffer occupation and low delay. With explicit coordination, EWCCP allocates resource fairly among flows that compete for the shared channel. With an analytical model, we show that EWCCP achieves proportional fairness in multi-hop wireless networks.
Purines. II. On 6-(Methylsulfonyl)-9-phenyl-9H-purine (1979)

Heating of 6-(methylsulfonyl)-9-phenyl-9H-purine (1) with dilute sulfuric acid or acetic acid results in its decomposition into 9-phenyl-9H-purin-6-ol (II). The methylsulfonyl group in I easily undergoes nucleophilic substitution with hydroxide, methoxide, phenoxide, aniline, 2-furfurylamine, and hydrazine to respectively form II1, 6-methoxy-(II2), 6-phenoxy-(II3), 6-anilino (III1), 6-(2-furfurylamino)-(III2), and 6-hydrazino-9-phenyl-9H-purine (III3). I also reacts with pyrrole in the presence of sodium amide to form 6-(1-pyrrolyl)-9-phenyl-9H-purine (III4). I also reacts with malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, phenylacetonitrile, acetylacetone, and acetophenone in dimethyl sulfoxide, in the presence of potassium hydroxide, to respectively afford 9-phenyl-9H-purine-6-malononitrile (IV1), ethyl α-cyano-9-phenyl-9H-purine-6-acetate (IV2), α, 9-diphenyl-9H-purine-6-acetonitrile (IV3), 3-(9-phenyl-9H-purin-6-yl)-2, 4-pentanedione (IV4), and 2-(9-phenyl-9H-purin-6-yl) acetophenone (IV5). This reaction can be utilized for introduction of a carbon chain into the 6-position of the purine ring.
Hierarchical multi-class self similarities (2006)

The music similarity question is yet to be defined. From an objective signal point of view, at least three classes of similarities may be considered: pitch, rhythm, and timbre. Within each class, several scales of analysis may be evaluated: segment, beat, pattern, section. We propose a recursive approach to this hierarchical and perceptual similarity problem. Our musically meaningful set of measurements is computed from the ground up via dynamic programming. This may be regarded as an analysis foundation for content-based retrieval, song similarities, or manipulation systems.
On the behaviour of liquid dispersions in mixing vessels (1961)

The present paper is concerned with the conditions of flow in tanks containing stirred fluids. An attempt is made to apply the theoretical concepts of local isotropy to explain the behaviour of liquid in liquid dispersions, subjected to turbulent agitation. Relations describing quantitatively the influence of turbulence on both break-up and coalescence of individual droplets are derived and are compared with experimental evidence. A special type of dispersion is described in which droplet size is controlled by the prevention of coalescence due to turbulence. The dependence of droplet size on energy dissipation per unit mass, as predicted by the theory of local isotropy, is put to an experimental test using geometrically similar vessels of different sizes. Though the results are not entirely conclusive, experimental evidence suggests that the hypothesis of locally isotropic flow may be applicable to the flow conditions described in the paper, and that statistical theories of turbulence can be of practical value in estimating droplet sizes in agitated dispersions.
EGFR Mediates Responses to Small-Molecule Drugs Targeting Oncogenic Fusion Kinases (2017)

Oncogenic kinase fusions of <i>ALK</i>, <i>ROS1</i>, <i>RET</i>, and <i>NTRK1</i> act as drivers in human lung and other cancers. Residual tumor burden following treatment of ALK or ROS1<sup>+</sup> lung cancer patients with oncogene-targeted therapy ultimately enables the emergence of drug-resistant clones, limiting the long-term effectiveness of these therapies. To determine the signaling mechanisms underlying incomplete tumor cell killing in oncogene-addicted cancer cells, we investigated the role of EGFR signaling in drug-naïve cancer cells harboring these oncogene fusions. We defined three distinct roles for EGFR in the response to oncogene-specific therapies. First, EGF-mediated activation of EGFR blunted fusion kinase inhibitor binding and restored fusion kinase signaling complexes. Second, fusion kinase inhibition shifted adaptor protein binding from the fusion oncoprotein to EGFR. Third, EGFR enabled bypass signaling to critical downstream pathways such as MAPK. While evidence of EGFR-mediated bypass signaling has been reported after ALK and ROS1 blockade, our results extended this effect to RET and NTRK1 blockade and uncovered the other additional mechanisms in gene fusion-positive lung cancer cells, mouse models, and human clinical specimens before the onset of acquired drug resistance. Collectively, our findings show how EGFR signaling can provide a critical adaptive survival mechanism that allows cancer cells to evade oncogene-specific inhibitors, providing a rationale to cotarget EGFR to reduce the risks of developing drug resistance. <i>Cancer Res; 77(13); 3551-63. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Introduction to CE Content (2004)

No AccessPerspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) PopulationsSIG News1 Mar 2004Introduction to CE Content Diane M. Scott Diane M. Scott Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/cds11.1.2 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In "Introduction to CE Content." Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations, 11(1), p. 2 Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByThe ASHA Leader10:16 (4-23)1 Nov 2005Hearing Research: Children From Culturally and Linguistically Diverse PopulationsDiane M. Scott Volume 11Issue 1March 2004Pages: 2-2 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Mar 1, 2004 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsleader-topicsasha-article-typesasha-sigsCopyright & Permissions© 2004 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF DownloadLoading ...
Archery Bow Grip Force Distribution: Relationships with Performance and Fatigue (1992)

Archery instructors believe that force distribution (FD) between the hand and bow grip can have a considerable effect on arrow flight, but there is no empirical support for this speculation. This study examined FD on the bow grip in experienced archers and explored the possible relationships between FD, performance, and fatigue. FD was quantified for 15 experienced archers (8 highly skilled [HS] and 7 less skilled [LS]) using 15 unobtrusive force sensors as each archer completed 72 shots. Arrow position relative to the target center, estimated net moments and moment arms about vertical and horizontal axes through the grip, and shot-to-shot variability in the estimated moments and moment arms were computed for three blocks of six shots. Results demonstrated that (a) estimated moments and moment arms were not consistently related to observed vertical or horizontal deviations in arrow position, (b) there were no systematic differences in FD between HS and LS archers, (c) fatigue had no quantifiable effect on FD, and (d) HS archers displayed less shot-to-shot variability in vertical FD than LS archers, but similar variability horizontally. Results did not support the above-noted common belief of archery instructors.
A reconstruction algorithm for coherent scatter computed tomography based on filtered back‐projection (2003)

Coherent scatter computed tomography (CSCT) is a reconstructive x-ray imaging technique that yields the spatially resolved coherent-scatter form factor of the investigated object. Reconstruction from coherently scattered x-rays is commonly done using algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART). In this paper, we propose an alternative approach based on filtered back-projection. For the first time, a three-dimensional (3D) filtered back-projection technique using curved 3D back-projection lines is applied to two-dimensional coherent scatter projection data. The proposed algorithm is tested with simulated projection data as well as with projection data acquired with a demonstrator setup similar to a multi-line CT scanner geometry. While yielding comparable image quality as ART reconstruction, the modified 3D filtered back-projection algorithm is about two orders of magnitude faster. In contrast to iterative reconstruction schemes, it has the advantage that subfield-of-view reconstruction becomes feasible. This allows a selective reconstruction of the coherent-scatter form factor for a region of interest. The proposed modified 3D filtered back-projection algorithm is a powerful reconstruction technique to be implemented in a CSCT scanning system. This method gives coherent scatter CT the potential of becoming a competitive modality for medical imaging or nondestructive testing.
A Secure Server-Aided RSA Signature Computation Protocol for Smart Cards (2000)

Smart cards have opened up possibilities for many exciting applications. However, one problem with conventional smart cards is that they only have very limited computational power. As a result, it takes too long for a smart card to perform a single RSA signature operation in real time applications. Server-aided RSA signature computation protocols offer feasible solutions for this problem. The basic idea is to distribute most of the computation to an auxiliary processor which is capable of performing fast multi-precision modular exponentiation. However, the smart card has to guard against the auxiliary processor since it may attempt to obtain information about the secret exponent or to obtain the smart card’s signature on a message of its own choosing by supplying the smart card with incorrect values. The only way to defeat these attacks is for the smart card to have some means of verifying the data provided by the auxiliary processor. In this paper, we propose such a secure protocol.
Aucubin: Potential Antidote For Alpha-Amanitin Poisoning (1984)

Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside isolated from Aucuba japonica (Cornaceae), exhibited significant protective activity against alpha-amanitin intoxication in mice. When a single dose of aucubin was administered intraperitoneally, a 50% survival rate was obtained even when the treatment was withheld for 12 hr after alpha-amanitin administration. A possible mechanism of protective activity is partly due to a competitive effect of aucubin on alpha-amanitin inhibition of liver RNA biosynthesis.
A methodology for robust design of impingement cooled HSCT combustor liners (1997)

Presented at the 35th Annual Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, January 6-9, 1997.
Big Area Additive Manufacturing and Hardware-in-the-Loop for Rapid Vehicle Powertrain Prototyping: A Case Study on the Development of a 3-D-Printed Shelby Cobra (2016)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Rapid vehicle powertrain development has become a technological breakthrough for the design and implementation of vehicles that meet and exceed the fuel efficiency, cost, and performance targets expected by today’s consumer. Recently, advances in large scale additive manufacturing have provided the means to bridge hardware-in-the-loop with preproduction mule chassis testing. This paper details a case study from Oak Ridge National Laboratory bridging the powertrain-in-the-loop development process with vehicle systems implementation using big area additive manufacturing (BAAM). For this case study, the use of a component-in-the-loop laboratory with math-based models is detailed for the design of a battery electric powertrain to be implemented in a printed prototype mule. The ability for BAAM to accelerate the mule development process via the concept of computer-aided design to part is explored. The integration of the powertrain and the opportunities and challenges of doing so are detailed in this work. The results of the mule-vehicle chassis dynamometer testing are presented. Lastly, the ability to integrate more complex powertrains is discussed.</div></div>
In-Vehicle Communication-Standardization and Realization (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Apart from direct economical benefits the main advantage of standardization is a clear definition of the interface between various units in the vehicle, in the SAE different classes for in-vehicle communication have been defined. A Recommended Practice J1850 has been established for class B.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In ISO the Controller Area Network (CAN) has been proposed as a standard for high speed applications.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To indicate levels of standardization often the “Open Systems Interconnection 7-layer model” defined by ISO is quoted. However, the 7-layer model does not cover the various aspects of a single serial communication bus in sufficient detail for standardization.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For in-vehicle communication we can distinguish 8 independent items that can be standardized: <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">data representation</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">message attributes</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">address /identifier allocation</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">bit-rate</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">bit coding</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">transfer medium</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">bus states</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">connector</div></li> </ul></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Standardization of some of these items may not be necessary.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For the realization of the CAN bus Philips is developing various circuits (IC's)each taking care of one or more of the items mentioned above. Apart from the implementation of the actual serial bus these circuits contain a number of additional functions that simplify the hardware and software design of the modules taking part in the communication in the vehicle.</div>
Two-phase aqueous micellar systems: an alternative method for protein purification (2004)

Two-phase aqueous micellar systems can be exploited in separation science for the extraction/purification of desired biomolecules. This article reviews recent experimental and theoretical work by Blankschtein and co-workers on the use of two-phase aqueous micellar systems for the separation of hydrophilic proteins. The experimental partitioning behavior of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in two-phase aqueous micellar systems is also reviewed and new results are presented. Specifically, we discuss very recent work on the purification of G6PD using: i) a two-phase aqueous micellar system composed of the nonionic surfactant n-decyl tetra(ethylene oxide) (C10E4), and (ii) a two-phase aqueous mixed micellar system composed of C10E4 and the cationic surfactant decyltrimethylammonium bromide (C10TAB). Our results indicate that the two-phase aqueous mixed (C10E4/C10TAB) micellar system can improve significantly the partitioning behavior of G6PD relative to that observed in the two-phase aqueous C10E4 micellar system.
Wireless power transmission efficiency enhancement with metamaterials (2010)

In this paper, a wireless power transfer system with magnetically coupled resonators is studied. The idea to use metamaterials to enhance the coupling coefficient and the transfer efficiency is proposed and analyzed. With numerical calculations of a system with and without metamaterials, we show that the transfer efficiency can be improved with metamaterials.
Molecular analysis of original antigenic sin. I. Clonal selection, somatic mutation, and isotype switching during a memory B cell response. (1989)

To determine how the memory B cell population elicited to one epitope might be used in immune responses to other, structurally related epitopes, we explored the phenomenon of original antigenic sin. Strain A/J mice reproducibly respond to immunization with p-azophenylarsonate (Ars) by production of anti-Ars antibodies encoded predominantly by a single VH gene segment (VHIdCR). The structural analogue of Ars p-azophenylsulfonate (Sulf) fails alone to elicit such V regions, but can do so in A/J mice previously immunized with Ars, providing a means to specifically examine B cells capable of responding secondarily to a crossreactive antigen (i.e., memory cells). VHIdCR-expressing hybridomas were derived from the Ars-primed, Sulf-boosted original antigenic sin response of A/J mice at various times after Ars priming, and the properties of the antibodies they express and the structure of the genes encoding these antibodies were characterized. The data obtained support the following conclusions: (a) The Ars-induced memory B cell population capable of being crossreactively stimulated by Sulf is largely formed from a small fraction of all B cells participating in the anti-Ars primary response that express somatically mutated V regions; (b) the antibody repertoire and clonal composition of this population are stable over long periods of time; (c) memory B cells are capable of clonal expansion in the absence of a high rate of V gene somatic mutation; (d) the activation requirements for clonal selection of memory, versus naive B cells appear to differ; and (e) a major fraction of Ars-induced memory B cells express either IgM or IgG3 prior to and during the initial stages of the sin response.