gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor receptor-mediated signals contribute to the malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer cells: therapeutic implications and synergism with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition (2008)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and their high-affinity receptors (FGFR) represent an extensive cellular growth and survival system. Aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of FGF/FGFR-mediated signals to the malignant growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to assess their potential as targets for therapeutic interventions. Multiple FGFR mRNA splice variants were coexpressed in NSCLC cells (n = 16) with predominance of FGFR1. Accordingly, both expression of a dominant-negative FGFR1 (dnFGFR1) IIIc-green fluorescent protein fusion protein and application of FGFR small-molecule inhibitors (SU5402 and PD166866) significantly reduced growth, survival, clonogenicity, and migratory potential of the majority of NSCLC cell lines. Moreover, dnFGFR1 expression completely blocked or at least significantly attenuated s.c. tumor formation of NSCLC cells in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Xenograft tumors expressing dnFGFR1 exhibited significantly reduced size and mitosis rate, enhanced cell death, and decreased tissue invasion. When FGFR inhibitors were combined with chemotherapy, antagonistic to synergistic in vitro anticancer activities were obtained depending on the application schedule. In contrast, simultaneous blockage of FGFR- and epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signals exerted synergistic effects. In summary, FGFR-mediated signals in cooperation with those transmitted by epidermal growth factor receptor are involved in growth and survival of human NSCLC cells and should be considered as targets for combined therapeutic approaches.
Efficient Transmission and Characterization of Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease Strains in Bank Voles (2006)

Transmission of prions between species is limited by the "species barrier," which hampers a full characterization of human prion strains in the mouse model. We report that the efficiency of primary transmission of prions from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients to a wild rodent species, the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), is comparable to that reported in transgenic mice carrying human prion protein, in spite of a low prion protein-sequence homology between man and vole. Voles infected with sporadic and genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease isolates show strain-specific patterns of spongiform degeneration and pathological prion protein-deposition, and accumulate protease-resistant prion protein with biochemical properties similar to the human counterpart. Adaptation of genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease isolates to voles shows little or no evidence of a transmission barrier, in contrast to the striking barriers observed during transmission of mouse, hamster, and sheep prions to voles. Our results imply that in voles there is no clear relationship between the degree of homology of the prion protein of the donor and recipient species and susceptibility, consistent with the view that the prion strain gives a major contribution to the species barrier. The vole is therefore a valuable model to study human prion diversity and, being susceptible to a range of animal prions, represents a unique tool for comparing isolates from different species.
Towards Optimal Treatment with Growth Hormone in Short Children and Adolescents: Evidence and Theses (2013)

Treatment with growth hormone (GH) has become standard practice for replacement in GH-deficient children or pharmacotherapy in a variety of disorders with short stature. However, even today, the reported adult heights achieved often remain below the normal range. In addition, the treatment is expensive and may be associated with long-term risks. Thus, a discussion of the factors relevant for achieving an optimal individual outcome in terms of growth, costs, and risks is required. In the present review, the heterogenous approaches of treatment with GH are discussed, considering the parameters available for an evaluation of the short- and long-term outcomes at different stages of treatment. This discourse introduces the potential of the newly emerging prediction algorithms in comparison to other more conventional approaches for the planning and evaluation of the response to GH. In rare disorders such as those with short stature, treatment decisions cannot easily be deduced from personal experience. An interactive approach utilizing the derived experience from large cohorts for the evaluation of the individual patient and the required decision-making may facilitate the use of GH. Such an approach should also lead to avoiding unnecessary long-term treatment in unresponsive individuals.
The use of multisource satellite and geospatial data to study the effect of urbanization on primary productivity in the United States (2000)

Data from two different satellites, a digital land cover map, and digital census data were analyzed and combined in a geographic information system to study the effect of urbanization on photosynthetic productivity in the United States. Results show that urbanization can have a measurable but variable impact on the primary productivity of the land surface. Annual productivity can be reduced by as much as 20 days in some areas, but in resource limited regions, photosynthetic production can be enhanced by human activity. Overall, urban development reduces the productivity of the land surface, and those areas with the highest productivity are directly in the path of urban sprawl.
Effect of Dietary Marine Microalgae (Schizochytrium) Powder on Egg Production, Blood Lipid Profiles, Egg Quality, and Fatty Acid Composition of Egg Yolk in Layers (2015)

Two hundred and sixteen Institut de Sélection Animale (ISA) brown layers (40 wks of age) were studied for 6 wks to examine the effect of microalgae powder (MAP) on egg production, egg quality, blood lipid profile, and fatty acid concentration of egg yolk. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON (basal diet), ii) 0.5% MAP (CON+0.5% Schizochytrium powder), and iii) 1.0% MAP (CON+1.0% Schizochytrium powder). From 44 to 46 wks, egg production was higher in 1.0% MAP treatment than in control treatment (linear, p = 0.034); however, there was no difference on the egg production from 40 to 43 wks (p>0.05). Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the groups fed with MAP, compared to those in groups fed with control diets (Quadratic, p = 0.034 and p = 0.039, respectively). Inclusion of 0.5% MAP in the diet of layers improved egg yolk color, compared with hens fed with basal diet at 46 wks (quadratic, p = 0.044). Eggshell thickness was linearly increased in MAP-fed treatments at 46th wk (p<0.05). Concentration of yolk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) was increased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). The n-6 fatty acids, n-6/n-3 fatty acid, and unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid were decreased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). These results suggest that MAP improved the egg production and egg quality, and may affect serum lipid metabolites in the layers. In addition, MAP increases yolk DHA levels, and deceases n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio.
Parental Influence and Adolescent Religiosity: A Study of Church Attendance and Attitude Toward Christianity Among Adolescents 11 to 12 and 15 to 16 Years Old (1993)

A sample of 3,414 11- to 12-year-old and 15- to 16-year-old pupils attending all the secondary schools in the city of Dundee, Scotland, completed a questionnaire concerned with their personal religious practices and attitudes. They also reported on parental religious practice. The data were modeled to compare the influence of mothers and fathers on male and female adolescents within the two age groups. In relation to adolescent religious practice, the findings demonstrated that parental influence was important for both sexes and both age groups, that there was little difference in overall parental influence on sons and daughters, that the extent of this influence increased rather than decreased between the ages of 11 to 12 and 15 to 16, that both parental and maternal practice conveyed additional predictive information, that mothers' practice was a more powerful predictor than fathers' practice among both sons and daughters, that the comparative influence of the father was weaker among daughters than among sons.
A rapid preparation of O-15 labeled butanol suitable for human use (1985)

Water labeled with 0-15 is a widely used tracer for measuring cerebral blood flow. Although the method is useful, it leads to underestimation of flow rate in areas of high flow. It has been shown that butanol labeled with 0-15 would reduce this problem while allowing rapid serial PET studies. The basic chemistry for a synthesis of (0-15) butanol from tributylborane was previously reported. The authors have used this reaction in a technique which is capable of delivering (0-15) butanol ready for injection within three minutes after end-of-bombardment. Oxygen-15 was produced by deuteron bombardment of 1% oxygen in nitrogen. The target gas was directed onto 1 mmole of tri-n-butylborane which had been prepared by evaporation of 1 ml of 1 M solution in THF. The oxygen (0.25 mmol) was trapped by nearly quantitative reaction with the borane. Immediately after trapping of activity the resulting complex was hydrolysed with 4 ml of water, passed over strong anion exchange resin to remove inorganics, and through a sterile .22 ..mu..m filter into a syringe containing sterile saline. The efficiency of oxygen conversion was measured by a comparison of the trapped butanol to trapped 0-15 water on the same system, and by measurement ofmore » the carrier butanol produced. Efficiency was found to be /sup --/90%. Half of the radioactivity remained associated with inorganic salts and was removed by the ion exchange resin. No final labeled product beside butanol was detected by radio G.C. Butyradlehyde and methylethyl ketone were therefore less than 10%. The only chemical contaminant was a very low level (<0.002M) of THF.« less
Wetting Angles and Surface Tension in the Crystallization of Thin Liquid Films (1984)

The behavior of thin liquid films is known to be dominated by surface tension forces. We show that the crystallization of thin liquid films requires that two wetting angle conditions be simultaneously satisfied: (i) relating to the liquid‐vapor interface, and (ii) relating to the crystal‐liquid interface. The balance between capillary pressure and thermal gradient forces shows that the equilibrium freezing point of thin films is actually depressed below the bulk freezing point. The magnitude of the effect is 1 K in an 800Å thick film. These observations suggest that small‐scale thickness fluctuations may be responsible for the initiation of subgrain boundaries in the growth of crystalline silicon films.
X-Ray Measurements Of Charge Diffusion Effects In EEV Ltd. Charge-Coupled Devices (1987)

Most scientific imaging applications of CCDs require low noise and high charge transfer efficiency. These attributes have been exhibited in devices produced by a number of manufacturers, but not all perform well as x-ray imaging spectrometers. This application requires that all charge liberated by an x-ray photon be completely collected within the original pixel. Processes of charge diffusion may prevent this from occurring and degrade the obtainable energy resolution. Measurements of charge diffusion and its effect on x-ray performance are presented for three types of English Electric Valve Co. (EEV) CCDs. These are fabricated on bulk and epitaxial wafers with resistivities of 1000 and 1011 cm. A range of different pixel sizes is employed. Measurements of detection efficiency are compared with predictions of a theoretical charge-diffusion model. Implications for optimizing the CCD structure for use in an x-ray astronomical spectroscopy application are noted.
Three-layer antireflection coatings: a new method for design and optimization (1983)

A new algorithm for the design of multilayer antireflection coatings (ARC) is developed. This makes use of a closed-loop nonlinear approximation technique to arrive at the exact thickness of each layer. The method offers a simpler and faster optimization procedure. It has been successfully used in the design of broadband ARCs on substrates with a wide range of refractive indices. Detailed analysis of the effect of errors in the refractive index and thickness of each layer, individually and collectively on the ultimate performance of the system, is discussed in detail. To minimize the effects of these errors, in situ correction (dynamic correction) procedure at each stage of development of the system is suggested.
Practical finFET design considering GIDL for LSTP (low standby power) devices (2006)

Practical design of double-gate undoped-channel FinFET has been investigated through 3D device simulations considering gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL). Optimization of FinFET structure was carried out for hp45 low standby power (LSTP) device (Lg = 25nm). GIDL is reduced by using gradual and offset source/drain (S/D) profile while degradation of drive current is minimized. Through the optimization of lateral spread and offset of S/D profile, the ITRS specifications for drive current and off-state leakage current are achievable by FinFET with 10nm fin width
ZNAČAJ KOMUNIKACIJE U OBITELJI ZA POJAVU POREMEĆAJA U PONAŠANJU DJECE OSNOVNOŠKOLSKE DOBI (1994)

SaZetakCiIj je ovog rada utvrdivanje prediktivnih wijednosl-i komunikacije u obitelji na ponaSanje djece starije osnovno5kolske dobi
Noncell-autonomous photoreceptor degeneration in a zebrafish model of choroideremia (2007)

Choroideremia is an X-linked hereditary retinal degeneration resulting from mutations in the Rab escort protein-1 (REP1). The Rep1 protein facilitates posttranslational modification of Rab proteins, which regulate intracellular trafficking in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors and are likely involved in the removal of outer segment disk membranes by the RPE. A critical question for potential treatment of choroideremia is whether photoreceptor degeneration results from autonomous defects in opsin transport within the photoreceptor or as a nonautonomous and secondary consequence of RPE degeneration. To address this question, we have characterized the retinal pathology in zebrafish rep1 mutants, which carry a recessive nonsense mutation in the REP1 gene. Zebrafish rep1 mutants exhibit degeneration of the RPE and photoreceptors and complete loss of visual function as measured by electroretinograms. In the mutant RPE, photoreceptor outer segment material was not effectively eliminated, and large vacuoles were observed. However, opsin trafficking in photoreceptors occurred normally. Mosaic analysis revealed that photoreceptor degeneration was nonautonomous and required contact with the mutant RPE as mutant photoreceptors were rescued in wild-type hosts and wild-type photoreceptors degenerated in mutant hosts. We conclude that mutations in REP1 disrupt cellular processes in the RPE, which causes photoreceptor death as a secondary consequence. These results suggest that therapies that correct the RPE may successfully rescue photoreceptor loss in choroideremia.
Glioma cell VEGFR-2 confers resistance to chemotherapeutic and antiangiogenic treatments in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma (2015)

Loss of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a prerequisite for tumor cell-specific expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 in glioblastoma defining a subgroup prone to develop evasive resistance towards antiangiogenic treatments. Immunohistochemical analysis of human tumor tissues showed VEGFR-2 expression in glioma cells in 19% of specimens examined, mainly in the infiltration zone. Glioma cell VEGFR-2 positivity was restricted to PTEN-deficient tumor specimens. PTEN overexpression reduced VEGFR-2 expression in vitro, as well as knock-down of raptor or rictor. Genetic interference with VEGFR-2 revealed proproliferative, antiinvasive and chemoprotective functions for VEGFR-2 in glioma cells. VEGFR-2-dependent cellular effects were concomitant with activation of 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells, protein kinase B, and N-myc downstream regulated gene 1. Two-photon in vivo microscopy revealed that expression of VEGFR-2 in glioma cells hampers antiangiogenesis. Bevacizumab induces a proinvasive response in VEGFR-2-positive glioma cells. Patients with PTEN-negative glioblastomas had a shorter survival after initiation of bevacizumab therapy compared with PTEN-positive glioblastomas. Conclusively, expression of VEGFR-2 in glioma cells indicates an aggressive glioblastoma subgroup developing early resistance to temozolomide or bevacizumab. Loss of PTEN may serve as a biomarker identifying those tumors upfront by routine neuropathological methods.
Telencephalon-specific antigen identified by monoclonal antibody. (1987)

Immunohistochemical screening of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against fractions rich in the dendrodendritic synaptosomes of the rabbit olfactory bulb revealed that one of the mAbs (mAb 271A6) recognized a telencephalon-specific antigen or antigens. Thus, the stain with mAb 271A6 was observed throughout the gray matter of all regions of the neocortex, piriform cortex, hippocampus, striatum, septum, and the amygdaloid nucleus, in addition to the main and accessory olfactory bulbs. The mAb 271A6, however, labeled neither nontelencephalic regions of the central nervous system nor the peripheral nervous system so far examined. Dot-immunobinding assays of homogenates of various brain regions also showed the telencephalon-specific distribution of the antigen designated as 271A6. Antigen 271A6 is developmentally regulated. At birth, the antigen was expressed in a small quantity only in phylogenetically older telencephalic regions such as the olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, striatum, cingulate cortex, and hippocampus. It was hardly detectable in most areas of the neocortex. The densities and areas of 271A6-positive structures increased during the early postnatal period. These results demonstrate a molecular specificity of the most rostral brain segment, the telencephalon. mAb 271A6 may be a good tool for obtaining a better understanding of the molecular basis of the segmental organization or the segment-specific functions of the brain.
New Logging-While-Drilling Ranging Technique for SAGD: Theory and Experiment (2012)

Abstract In a heavy oil production steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) project, two horizontal wells were separated by only a few meters. The separation had to be kept parallel to enable steam to be injected from one well and oil to be produced from the other twin well located below. In general, the currently practiced techniques rely on wireline technology to position the wells; in many cases, the technique requires access to the existing well in SAGD operations. This paper presents a novel technique for locating the relative position of one well with respect to another by using a rotating azimuthal logging-while-drilling (LWD) electromagnetic tool. With this technique, the relative position between a well with a rotating LWD electromagnetic tool and casing in an adjacent existing second well can be determined in real time. Consequently, the relative position and the relative distance between the two wells provide the field engineer with calculated inter-well spacing and direction to maintain the two wells parallel and spaced within a certain distance apart. This paper discusses and explains the fundamentals of the new LWD ranging technique. Several cases were modeled and compared with experimental data collected in a water tank with a conductive casing. The experiments successfully validated the computed responses. The casing position and distance to the LWD tool were successfully determined. This new LWD technique presents a ranging method alternative to the existing wireline technique and can be successfully used in a SAGD application.
How to Reveal the Secrets of an Obscure White-Box Implementation (2019)

White-box cryptography (WBC) protects key extraction from software implementations of cryptographic primitives. Many academic works have been done achieving partial results toward WBC, but a complete solution has not been found yet by the cryptography community. As a result, the industry can only on proprietary and non-publicly scrutinized white-box implementations. It is therefore of interest to investigate the obtainable resistance of an AES implementation to thwart a white-box adversary in this paradigm. To this purpose, the ECRYPT CSA project has organized the WhibOx contest as the catch the flag challenge of CHES 2017. Researchers and engineers were invited to participate either as designers by submitting the source code of an AES-128 white-box implementation with a freely chosen key, or as breakers by trying to extract the hard-coded keys in the submissions. The participants were not expected to disclose their identities or the underlying designing/attacking techniques. In the end, 94 submitted challenges were all broken, and only 13 of them held more than one day. The strongest (in terms of surviving time) implementation survived for 28 days (which is more than twice as much as the second one). It was only broken by the authors of the present paper with reverse engineering and algebraic analysis. In this paper, we give a detailed description of the different steps of our cryptanalysis. We then generalize it to an attack methodology to break further obscure white-box implementations. In particular, we formalize and generalize the linear decoding analysis that we use to extract the key from the encoded intermediate variables of the target challenge.
Decoherence in adiabatic quantum computation (2015)

Recent experiments with increasingly larger numbers of qubits have sparked renewed interest in adiabatic quantum computation, and in particular quantum annealing. A central question that is repeatedly asked is whether quantum features of the evolution can survive over the long time scales used for quantum annealing relative to standard measures of the decoherence time. We reconsider the role of decoherence in adiabatic quantum computation and quantum annealing using the adiabatic quantum master-equation formalism. We restrict ourselves to the weak-coupling and singular-coupling limits, which correspond to decoherence in the energy eigenbasis and in the computational basis, respectively. We demonstrate that decoherence in the instantaneous energy eigenbasis does not necessarily detrimentally affect adiabatic quantum computation, and in particular that a short single-qubit ${T}_{2}$ time need not imply adverse consequences for the success of the quantum adiabatic algorithm. We further demonstrate that boundary cancellation methods, designed to improve the fidelity of adiabatic quantum computing in the closed-system setting, remain beneficial in the open-system setting. To address the high computational cost of master-equation simulations, we also demonstrate that a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm that explicitly accounts for a thermal bosonic bath can be used to interpolate between classical and quantum annealing. Our study highlights and clarifies the significantly different role played by decoherence in the adiabatic and circuit models of quantum computing.