gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Domain Generation Algorithms with Long Short-Term Memory Networks (2016)

Various families of malware use domain generation algorithms (DGAs) to generate a large number of pseudo-random domain names to connect to a command and control (C&C) server. In order to block DGA C&C traffic, security organizations must first discover the algorithm by reverse engineering malware samples, then generating a list of domains for a given seed. The domains are then either preregistered or published in a DNS blacklist. This process is not only tedious, but can be readily circumvented by malware authors using a large number of seeds in algorithms with multivariate recurrence properties (e.g., banjori) or by using a dynamic list of seeds (e.g., bedep). Another technique to stop malware from using DGAs is to intercept DNS queries on a network and predict whether domains are DGA generated. Such a technique will alert network administrators to the presence of malware on their networks. In addition, if the predictor can also accurately predict the family of DGAs, then network administrators can also be alerted to the type of malware that is on their networks. This paper presents a DGA classifier that leverages long short-term memory (LSTM) networks to predict DGAs and their respective families without the need for a priori feature extraction. Results are significantly better than state-of-the-art techniques, providing 0.9993 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for binary classification and a micro-averaged F1 score of 0.9906. In other terms, the LSTM technique can provide a 90% detection rate with a 1:10000 false positive (FP) rate---a twenty times FP improvement over comparable methods. Experiments in this paper are run on open datasets and code snippets are provided to reproduce the results.
A Dynamic Critical Path Algorithm for Scheduling Scientific Workflow Applications on Global Grids (2007)

Effective scheduling is a key concern for the execution of performance driven grid applications. In this paper, we propose a dynamic critical path (DCP) based workflow scheduling algorithm that determines efficient mapping of tasks by calculating the critical path in the workflow task graph at every step. It assigns priority to a task in the critical path which is estimated to complete earlier. Using simulation, we have compared the performance of our proposed approach with other existing heuristic and meta-heuristic based scheduling strategies for different type and size of workflows. Our results demonstrate that DCP based approach can generate better schedule for most of the type of workflows irrespective of their size particularly when resource availability changes frequently.
Coordinated Activation of Candidate Proto-Oncogenes and Cancer Testes Antigens via Promoter Demethylation in Head and Neck Cancer and Lung Cancer (2009)

Coordinated, epigenetic unmasking of multiple genes with growth promoting activity occurs in aerodigestive cancers, and BORIS is implicated in the coordinated promoter demethylation and reactivation of epigenetically silenced genes in human cancers.
A Calorie Count Application for a Mobile Phone Based on METS Value (2008)

This paper shows a methodology of estimating a user's everyday energy expenditure using a 3-axis accelerometer of a mobile phone handset. We first infer the user's posture based on the acceleration sensor reading and calculate METS value, which is considered as a measure for estimating calorie consumption for daily activities. The experimental result shows that our application is as accurate as a reference device.
Lumbar Posterolateral Fusion Mass Fracture Induced by a Minor Fall: A Case Report (2009)

Posterolateral fusion is an integral type of treatment for spinal instability with certain well known complications. However, fusion mass fracture as a cause of late-onset back pain has not been reported. A 72-year-old male patient with lumbar spinal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis received posterior decompression and posterolateral fusion over 10 years ago. He had been doing well until he slipped and fell for one time. Since then, back pain and sciatica with postural change became progressive and intolerable. From the CT scan images, we suspected a fusion mass fracture has formed. The result of Tc-99m bone scan was well correlated to the level indicated in CT scan images. Fractures of the posterolateral fusion mass of the lumbar spine were found intraoperatively at the disc level. Wide decompression and posterolateral fusion with internal fixation from L2 to L5 were performed after removal of broken implant. The patient had smooth postoperative clinical recovery. Fusion mass fracture might be considered as one of the differential diagnoses for patients with back pain after spinal fusion.
Computer spelling checkers: an example cognitive tool (1996)

Mankind has readily developed tools [Salomon, 1993] to aid him/her in the pursuit of alleviating labor and providing for his/her life's needs and desires. From the invention of the wheel and before, the development and use of tools has separated humans from the other animal species. Physical tools (wheels, levers, inclined planes, etc.) and cognitive tools (symbols systems, books, slide rules, etc.) have both supported us in our labors to improve our lives.
Spiro-Configured Bifluorenes:  Highly Efficient Emitter for UV Organic Light-Emitting Device and Host Material for Red Electrophosphorescence (2005)

[structure: see text] Remarkable UV OLED devices using novel spiro-configured bifluorenes as UV emitters have been successfully achieved with external quantum efficiencies up to 2.6-3.1% and emission wavelengths as short as 370 nm. In addition, these large-gap materials have been shown to be effective hosts for red phosphorescent emitters in phosphorescent OLEDs. This result represents the first example that pure hydrocarbon molecules can serve as an efficient host for red electrophosphorescence devices.
gp120 HIV envelope glycoprotein increases the production of nitric oxide in human monocyte-derived macrophages (1994)

The effect of recombinant gp120 HIV envelope glycoprotein on the generation of free radicals by monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) was measured by EPR spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). After 1 day in culture, MDM produced a spin trap adduct of DMPO with hyperfine splitting constants superimposable on those of DMPO-OH. The addition of gp120 to MDM increased the production of DMPO-OH and after 1 h, the amount of DMPO-OH produced by 40 micrograms/ml gp120 was about 300% that of untreated MDM. The use of selective inhibitors suggested the participation of the nitric oxide/L-arginine oxidative pathway, but did not provide evidence for trapping of hydroxyl radical or other oxygen free radicals. The specificity of gp120 was proven by two different anti-gp120 antibodies that either inhibited (polyclonal) or increased (monoclonal) the production of free radicals. Dexamethasone inhibited the effect of gp120, suggesting the possible involvement of an inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Moreover, treatment of MDM with gp120 for 15 h increased in a dose-dependent manner the production of NO2-, a stable end product of NO. Soluble CD4 did not modify the intensity of the DMPO-OH adduct, whereas yeast mannan and Ca(2+)-chelators abolished the increase in the DMPO-OH signal induced by gp120. These data suggest the possible involvement of mannose-specific endocytotic lectin of MDM. The reaction of DMPO with sodium nitroprusside, an organic nitrate that releases NO, also produced DMPO-OH. Our findings indicate that gp120 increases free radical production from MDM as detected by spin-trapping methods, and that the spin trap adduct results from a reaction involving NO or closely related oxidized derivatives.
Defect Analysis and Prediction by Applying the Multistage Software Reliability Growth Model (2017)

In software development, defects are inevitable. To improve reliability, software reliability growth models are useful to analyze projects. Selecting an expedient model can also help with defect predictions, but the model must be well fitted to all the original data. A particular software reliability growth model may not fit all the data well. To overcome this issue, herein we use multistage modeling to fit defect data. In the multistage model, an evaluation is used to divide the data into several parts. Each part is fitted with its own growth model, and the separate models are recombined. As a case study, projects provided by a Japanese enterprise are analyzed by both traditional software reliability growth models and the multistage model. The multistage model has a better performance for data with a poor fit using a traditional software reliability growth model.
Feeding the world (2011)

Web feeds allow users to retrieve new content from pages on the World Wide Web. Feeds are offered by a multitude of web pages, ranging from conventional news sites to pages with user generated content such as wikis, forums or personal blogs. They notify interested readers of new content and are therefore interesting for information retrieval tasks. Unfortunately, there is no comprehensive dataset of feeds publicly available, making it difficult for researchers to work with this kind of data and, more importantly, to compare their research results by using a common dataset.
Antibody targeting of <scp>HER</scp>2/<scp>HER</scp>3 signaling overcomes heregulin‐induced resistance to <scp>PI</scp>3<scp>K</scp> inhibition in prostate cancer (2014)

Dysregulated expression and/or mutations of the various components of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway occur with high frequency in prostate cancer and are associated with the development and progression of castration resistant tumors. However, small molecule kinase inhibitors that target this signaling pathway have limited efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth, primarily due to compensatory survival signals through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Although members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or HER, family of RTKs are strongly implicated in the development and progression of prostate cancer, targeting individual members of this family such as EGFR or HER2 has resulted in limited success in clinical trials. Multiple studies indicate a critical role for HER3 in the development of resistance against both HER-targeted therapies and PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors. In this study, we found that the growth inhibitory effect of GDC-0941, a class I PI3K inhibitor, is markedly reduced in the presence of heregulin. Interestingly, this effect is more pronounced in cells lacking phosphatase and tensin homolog function. Heregulin-mediated resistance to GDC-0941 is associated with reactivation of Akt downstream of HER3 phosphorylation. Importantly, combined blockade of HER2 and HER3 signaling by an anti-HER2/HER3 bispecific antibody or a mixture of anti-HER2 and anti-HER3 antibodies restores sensitivity to GDC-0941 in heregulin-treated androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells. These studies indicate that the combination of PI3K inhibitors with HER2/HER3 targeting antibodies may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
Large-area dielectric and metallic freestanding gratings for midinfrared optical filtering applications (2008)

The authors present a fabrication process of large-area (1.7×1.7 mm2) dielectric and metal-coated lamellar freestanding gratings structured at the micrometer scale. Both the stress management and the drying problems have been carefully optimized for the fabrication of drilled membranes. Transmission spectra measurements of freestanding gold-coated gratings demonstrate the achievement of high quality, accurately controlled optical filters in the midinfrared wavelength range.
Buffering and interleaving in coded communication systems (2008)

Error-control coding is commonly used to achieve reliable communication over noisy channels, but the small error rates thus obtained are usually at the expense of considerable delay in delivering the transmitted information to its destination. This paper discusses some simple alternative implementations of encoders and decoders that allow for a reduction in the delay in an error-control system. Such a reduction in the delay also reduces the memory requirements of the encoder and decoder.
Synthesis of single-site copper catalysts for methane partial oxidation (2015)

Cu-Exchanged zeolites are known as active materials for methane oxidation to methanol. However, understanding of the formation of Cu active species during synthesis, dehydration and activation is fragmented and rudimentary. We show here how a synthesis protocol guided by insight in the ion exchange elementary steps leads to highly uniform Cu species in mordenite (MOR).
DECOUPLED CONTROL OF SALIENT POLE SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVE (2008)

This paper describes the performance of simultaneous control of torque and contactless power extraction in Salient Pole Synchronous Motor (SPSM) using Direct Torque Control (DTC) method. The field windings are kept unexcited and the reluctance torque due to the saliency is utilized. When the stator current is modulated with higher frequency component would establish induced voltages in the rotor, which could be used for supplying power to rotating load. This technique eliminates slip rings in the rotating assembly. Normally, the DTC is used to maintain constant torque. In this paper, the DTC technique can be extended to accommodate the rotating secondary transformer action also. The control scheme is demonstrated through simulation and tests on SPSM. The simulation results illustrates the various modes of operation is possible to produce reluctance torque, delivering rotor power through excitation winding and combination of both.
Black phosphorus field-effect transistors (2014)

Two-dimensional crystals have emerged as a new class of materials with novel properties that may impact future technologies. Experimentally identifying and characterizing new functional two-dimensional materials in the vast material pool is a tremendous challenge, and at the same time potentially rewarding. In this work, we succeed in fabricating field-effect transistors based on few-layer black phosphorus crystals with thickness down to a few nanometers. Drain current modulation on the order of 10E5 is achieved in samples thinner than 7.5 nm at room temperature, with well-developed current saturation in the IV characteristics, both are important for reliable transistor performance of the device. Sample mobility is also found to be thickness dependent, with the highest value up to ~ 1000 cm2/Vs obtained at thickness ~ 10 nm. Our results demonstrate the potential of black phosphorus thin crystal as a new two-dimensional material for future applications in nano-electronic devices.
<i>Cerrena aurantiopora</i>sp. nov. (Polyporaceae) from eastern Asia (2010)

A new species of polypore in genus Cerrena was discovered in Kangwon Province, Korea. The resupinate basidiocarp and light orange, poroid hymenophore were sufficiently different to be distinguished from previously recorded species of Cerrena, C. consors, C. cystidiata, C. sclerodepsis and C. unicolor. Based on the results of morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we propose this new polypore as Cerrena aurantiopora sp. nov.
Optimum design of n<sup>+</sup>-n<sup>-</sup>double-diffused drain MOSFET to reduce hot-carrier emission (1985)

Channel electric field reduction using an n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> double-diffused drain MOS transistor to suppress hot-carrier emission is investigated. The double-diffused structure consists of a deep low-concentration P region and a shallow high-concentration As region. The channel electric field strongly depends on such process and device parameters as the length of the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> diffusion region, drain junction depth, gate oxide thickness, gate length, applied voltage, and P implant energy. The optimum condition for a double-diffused structure is determined based on those parameter dependences of the channel electric field. The results of the optimum drain impurity profile to give the minimum channel electric field are obtained when the maximum lateral electric field is located at the boundary between the P region and the As region. The hot-carrier immunity of MOSFET and test circuits are improved by two orders of magnitude and one order of magnitude, respectively, under the optimum conditions.
The marketability of electric vehicles: battery performance and consumer demand for driving range (2002)

This paper reports on a four-year study of electric vehicle (EV) demand. We focused on a newly defined market segment: multi-car "hybrid households," in which one car has limited driving range. We designed a four-stage mail survey that included a video of EV use and recharging, informational material, a 3-day trip diary, and a series of vehicle choice questions. Respondents had a choice of propulsion systems, body styles and sizes, driving ranges, and other features. The variety of driving ranges offered tested the hypothesis that demand for EVs will be segmented by demand for driving range. Prices of EVs varied, but tended to be up to several thousand dollars higher than those of comparable gasoline vehicles. The questionnaires were administered to 740 multi-car households in 6 metropolitan areas of California. The response rate was 61%. In the second of two vehicle choice scenarios, 37% of the respondents chose battery-powered EVs, with ranges varying from 40 to 150 miles; 10% chose hybrid electrics with ranges up to 180 miles; and 19% chose limited-range natural gas vehicles with ranges of 80-120 miles. Altogether, 66% chose limited-range vehicles. Translating these choices into annual vehicle sales, we find that purchases of pure EVs by hybrid households would account for 7-15% of annual light duty vehicle sales. Based on the current state of EV traction battery development, we infer from these results that any remaining barriers to marketable EVs are not related to the ability of existing batteries to provide adequate driving range.
Hybrid Key Establishment for Multiphase Self-Organized Sensor Networks (2005)

Recent work on key establishment for sensor networks has shown that it is feasible to employ limited elliptic curve cryptography in sensor networks through hybrid protocols. We propose a hybrid key establishment protocol for uniform self-organized sensor networks. The proposed protocol combines elliptic curve Diffie-Hellmann key establishment with implicit certificates and symmetric-key cryptographic techniques. The protocol can be implemented on uniform networks comprised of restricted functional devices. Furthermore, due to its public-key nature, the protocol is resilient to a wide range of passive and active attacks, such as known-key attacks, as well as attacks against the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of the communication. The protocol is scalable and efficient for low-capability devices in terms of storage, communication and computational complexity; the cost per node for a key establishment is reduced to one scalar multiplication with a random point, plus one with a fixed point.
Understanding K–12 Engineering Outreach Programs (2004)

The United States relies on technology. To continue the development of new and the expansion of existing technologies requires a strong background in science, math, and engineering. Because students are falling behind in these areas, many universities are attempting to reverse this trend and attract more students to their engineering programs through outreach programs. These outreach efforts can take a variety of forms, with the simplest being the development of classroom and web-based materials. Outreach programs can also include professional development programs, engineering contests, on-campus activities, activities at schools, and the sponsorship of teaching fellows and service learning programs. Programs can be directed at preservice teachers, teachers, and/or students as well as specific groups such as females or minorities. The programs may occur throughout the school year or during summer vacations. Personnel presenting the outreach programs can include older K–12 students, teachers, college students, and/or university professors. Regardless of the mechanism, each outreach program has one common goal, to increase the interest that K–12 students have for math and science and, thus, engineering.
The effects of static muscular contraction on blood pressure, heart rate, pain ratings and pressure pain thresholds in healthy individuals and patients with fibromyalgia (2006)

Aberrations of cardiovascular regulation and dysfunction of endogenous pain modulation have been reported in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. This study aimed at investigating the interactions between cardiovascular regulation and pain perception during static muscle contractions. Seventeen FM patients and 17 healthy controls performed a standardised static contraction (m. quadriceps femoris dx) until exhaustion. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), ratings of exertion/fatigue and pain intensity as well as pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) (at m. quadriceps dx and m. deltoideus dx) were assessed before, during and 15 min following contraction. Systolic and diastolic BP increased during contraction (p<0.001) and decreased following contraction (p<0.001) in both groups alike. A significant increase in HR was seen during contraction in FM patients (p<0.001), but not in healthy controls (difference between groups p<0.02). The rated exertion/fatigue and pain intensity increased more during contraction and remained elevated longer following contraction in the patient group. PPTs were lower in patients compared to controls at both sites at all times (p<0.001). No group differences in PPT changes over time were found. In conclusion, no indication of an attenuated cardiovascular response to exercise was found in our FM patients. The more pronounced HR increase in patients during contraction was most likely due to deconditioning. No exercise related change in PPTs was seen in either group, most likely due to insufficient exercise intensity, but the contraction induced pain was more pronounced in the FM patients.
On the nature of dielectric permittivity of PbTiO<sub>3</sub> single crystals (1979)

Abstract An investigation of the frequency dependence of dielectric permittivities ϵ 11 and ϵ 33 in single‐domain tetragonal PbTiO 3 crystals enables one to determine all the permittivity tensor components and shows the presence of only the piezoelectric dispersion. Comparing the dielectric measurements with the Raman data, it may be concluded that, in contrast to many other oxygen‐octahedra ferroelectrics, ψ and ϵ of PbTiO 3 are entirely determined by the resonance mechanisms of electronic and ionic polarizations.