gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissociation between interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 production in proliferative response to microbial antigens: restorative effect of exogenous interleukin-2 (1985)

The relationship between the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) after stimulation of human mononuclear cells within an antigenic extract from Candida albicans was analyzed in both responder and nonresponder donors. Culture supernatants from responders contained both IL-1 and IL-2 activity, whereas the supernatants from nonresponders contained only IL-1 and no appreciable IL-2. However, the addition of exogenous IL-2 to nonresponder cultures restored the normal proliferative response. Similar observations were made when cells from mice infected intravenously with high doses of Mycobacterium bovis BCG were cultured; these cells showed a marked impairment of the proliferative response to purified protein derivative. Spleen cells from BCG-induced unresponsive mice failed to produce IL-2 despite the fact that normal IL-1 activity was present in the culture. Again, the addition of exogenous IL-2 fully reversed the proliferative unresponsiveness. Thus, the presence of IL-1 does not necessarily induce production of IL-2, and the proliferative unresponsiveness is therefore due to a primary lack of IL-2.
Video-based multi-agent traffic surveillance system (2002)

This paper describes Monitorix, a video-based traffic surveillance multi-agent system. Monitorix agents are grouped in four tiers, according to the kind of information processing they perform: the sensors and effectors tier, the objective description tier, the application assistant tier, and the user assistant tier. The video analysis algorithms use an adaptive, data-driven, application independent approach to extract features from the video raw data. In spite of the diversity of agent tasks, adaptive learning algorithms are used in most cases. The integration of video analysis algorithms and agent technology is made via a special middle agent called Proxy. Monitorix is a fully decentralised multi-agent system living in a FIPA Platform and using FIPA Agent Communication Language. Tracking of vehicles across nonoverlapping cameras is performed by the Tracker agent, using a traffic model and learning algorithms that tune the model parameters.
Mobile Middleware Solution for Automatic Reconfiguration of Applications (2009)

Although the landscape of mobile devices is continuously evolving towards more powerful terminals, the limitations regarding processing power, memory capacity and speed, network connection and battery, are still present and at certain loads fail to satisfy the requirements of complex applications. Being always connected to the network offers a solution to this problem as the server infrastructure of the service provider can substitute part of the local functionality whenever the terminal becomes overloaded. Automatic reconfigurability refers to the ability to automatically switch between local and remote services in a seamless manner whenever the conditions impose it, both at start time and run time. This paper describes the requirements and the design of a context aware middleware solution that manages the services invoked by applications. It also presents the specific programming model including the service lifecycle that enables centralized service control and efficient migration of the service state.
Rapid Determination of the Chloride Diffusivity in Concrete by Applying an Electric Field (1993)

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Neurotoxicity of Hexachlorophene in Humans (1975)

To assess neurotoxic effects of hexachlorophene in the human population previously shown to be most at risk, a blind clinicopathological analysis was made of all premature infants under 1,400 gm birth weight who survived at least four days and were examined by autopsy over a 7.5-year period. Repeated whole-body bathing of premature newborn infants in 3% hexachlorophene-bearing soap (undiluted pHisoHex) shows a significant statistical association with a vacuolar encephalopathy of the brain stem reticular formation. The prevalence of the vacuolar encephalopathy in premature infants on whom we have adequate brain stem histological information appears to be related to the number of exposures to hexachlorophene, the concentration of hexachlorophene, the thoroughness of rinsing, and other factors (including exposure to ultraviolet light).
An Efficient Protocol With Bidirectional Verification for Storage Security in Cloud Computing (2016)

In cloud computing, data owners host their data on cloud servers, and users (data consumers) can access the data from the cloud servers. This new paradigm of data hosting service also introduces new security challenges that require an independent auditing service to check the integrity of the data in the cloud. Some existing methods for checking the integrity of the data cannot handle this problem efficiently and they cannot deal with the error condition. Thus, a secure and efficient dynamic auditing protocol should reject requests that are made with improper authentication. In addition, an excellent remote data authentication method should be able to collect information for statistical analysis, such as validation results. In this paper, first we design an auditing framework for cloud storage systems and propose an efficient and privacy-preserving auditing protocol. Then, we extend our auditing protocol to support dynamic data operations, which is efficient and has been proven to be secure in the random oracle model. We extended our auditing protocol further to support bidirectional authentication and statistical analysis. In addition, we use a better load distribution strategy, which greatly reduces the computational overhead of the client. Last, we provide an error response scheme, and our experiments show that our solution has good error-handling ability and offers lower overhead expenses for computation and communication than other approaches.
Phloroglucinol compounds of natural origin (2006)

Covering: up to December 2005
Fuzzy Logic-Based Torque Control System for Milling Process Optimization (2007)

This paper focuses on the design and implementation of a fuzzy-logic-based torque control system, embedded in an open-architecture computer numerical control (CNC), in order to provide an optimization function for the material removal rate. The control system adjusts the feed rate and spindle speed simultaneously as needed, to regulate the cutting torque using the CNC's own resources without requiring additional hardware overheads. The control system consists of two inputs (i.e., torque error and change of error), two outputs (i.e., the feed rate and spindle speed increment) fuzzy controller, and a self-tuning mechanism, all of which are embedded within the kernel of a standard open control. The self-tuning strategy is based on the measured peaks in the torque error signal of the closed-loop system response. The self-tuning fuzzy controller is applied to the milling process in a production environment in order to demonstrate the improvements in performance and effectiveness. Two approaches are tested, and their performance is assessed using several performance measurements. These approaches are the two-input/two-output for the fuzzy controller and a single-output fuzzy controller (i.e., only feed-rate modification), with and without the self-tuning mechanism. The results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy provides better transient performance, accuracy, and machining cycle time than the others, thus, increasing the metal removal rate.
Very-High-Resolution Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging: Signal Processing and Applications (2012)

During the last decade, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) became an indispensable source of information in Earth observation. This has been possible mainly due to the current trend toward higher spatial resolution and novel imaging modes. A major driver for this development has been and still is the airborne SAR technology, which is usually ahead of the capabilities of spaceborne sensors by several years. Today's airborne sensors are capable of delivering high-quality SAR data with decimeter resolution and allow the development of novel approaches in data analysis and information extraction from SAR. In this paper, a review about the abilities and needs of today's very high-resolution airborne SAR sensors is given, based on and summarizing the longtime experience of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) with airborne SAR technology and its applications. A description of the specific requirements of high-resolution airborne data processing is presented, followed by an extensive overview of emerging applications of high-resolution SAR. In many cases, information extraction from high-resolution airborne SAR imagery has achieved a mature level, turning SAR technology more and more into an operational tool. Such abilities, which are today mostly limited to airborne SAR, might become typical in the next generation of spaceborne SAR missions.
Privacy-aware identity management for client-side mashup applications (2009)

This paper concerns the problem of identity management in modern Web-2.0-based mashup applications. Identity management supports convenient access to information when mashups are used in sensitive environments, such an banking, investment and online shopping, by providing services such as single sign-on.We present Web2ID, a new identity management protocol tailored for mashup applications. Web2ID leverages a secure mashup framework and enables transfer of credentials between a service provider and a consumer. We also describe a new relay framework in which communication between two service providers is mediated by a relay agent within the mashup. We show that Web2ID is privacy-preserving and prevents service providers from learning a user's surfing habits.We present an implementation of Web2ID and the relay framework using a JavaScript-based library that executes within the browser. Our implementation does not require client-side changes and is therefore fully compatible even with legacy browsers. We also highlight the key challenges faced in creating a portable, in-browser library to support identity management in mashups.
Discovery of ANA975: An Oral Prodrug of the TLR-7 Agonist Isatoribine (2007)

ANA975, a 5-amino-3-beta -D-ribofuranosyl-3H-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-one derivative, was synthesized in the search of an oral prodrug of isatoribine, a small molecule toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) agonist. Several strategies were studied to enable the kilogram-scale synthesis of ANA975. Three general total syntheses are described. In the phase I clinical study of ANA975 against hepatitis C virus (HCV), conversion to isatoribine in plasma was rapid and effective, delivering levels of isatoribine that have been shown to be clinically relevant.
Final Manufacturing Process of Front Side Metallisation on Silicon Solar Cells Using Conventional and Unconventional Techniques (2012)

The paper presents the results of the investigation of the front electrode manufactured using two silver pastes (PV 145 manufactured by Du Pont and another based on nanopowder experimentally prepared) on monocrystalline silicon solar cells in order to reduce contact resistance. The aim of the paper was a comparison between a conventional and an unconventional method to improve the quality of forming electrodes of silicon solar cells. The Screen Printing (SP) method is the most widely used contact formation technique for commercial silicon solar cells. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a modern manufacturing technique, which uses a high power CO2 laser to melt or sinter metal powder particles into a mass that has the desired three-dimensional shape, in precisely defined areas. The whole process is controlled by a program that is used for micro-processing. An innovative aspect of this method is the application of a nano silver paste to create the seed layer of the front electrode using the SLS method.
The topography of both co-fired in the infrared belt furnace and melted/sintered in the Eosint M250 Xtended device equipped with CO2 laser were studied. Contacts were investigated using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM 5) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectrometer for microchemical analysis. Both surface topography and a cross section of the front electrodes were studied using SEM microscope. Phase composition analyses of the chosen front electrodes were done using the XRD method delineated in this paper. Front electrodes were formed on the surface with a different morphology from the solar cells. The median size of the pyramids was measured using the atomic force microscope (AFM). Resistance of the front electrodes was measured using the Transmission Line Model (TLM).
Sensitivity to RF Drive Power and the Temperature Stability of Mach-Zehnder Modulators (1992)

Waveguide electrooptic modulators usually require a DC bias voltage that is used to set an optical phase relation between waveguides to attain proper operation. In practice, the DC bias voltage consists of intrinsic and extrinsic components. The intrinsic component is that voltage necessary for an ideal device, which may be zero by design, while the extrinsic component is required to compensate for materials and fabrication imperfections and/or environmental influences. As the power supplies allowable for applications will place strict bounds on the bias voltage range, it is essential to prepare materials and formulate designs for maximum stability. In this work we concentrate on the temperature stability of traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulators, and, in particular, those fabricated in LiNbO3. We present results of experiments on the sensitivity of the bias point to RF drive power that emphasize the importance of structural symmetry in achieving environmentally stable devices.
A reassessment of the role of breast tumor aromatization. (1982)

While the role of estrogens in the maintenance of human breast carcinoma has been firmly established for many years, the sources of this estrogen remain unresolved. Input-output analysis of steroid uptake by breast carcinomas showed no specific uptake of estrogens from blood. Based on the detection of the necessary enzyme systems. Adams and Wong proposed that breast tumors could function as "paraendocrine organs" capable of producing sufficient estradiol (E2) to stimulate their own growth (Adams, J. B., and Wong, M. S. F. Lancet, 2: 1163, 1968). Using the reported values for the concentration of C19 steroid precursors and the rho TTC19-E2 values one can estimate that the contribution of in situ aromatization to the tumor estrogen pool is quite small.
Dissolution Rates of Copolymers Based on 4-Hydroxystyrene and Styrene (1993)

Copolymers were synthesized by free-radical polymerization using 4-acetoxystyrene and styrene in various ratios. These polymers then were hydrolyzed to the corresponding 4-hydroxystyrene (phenol) copolymers. . The dissolution rates of the copolymers (using laser interferometry) decreased with a decrease in hydroxyl group content in aqueous developers (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and a tetramethylammonium hydroxide based commercial developer). While an increase in pH value enhances the dissolution, an increase in cation size of these hydroxides at constant pH decreases the dissolution rate. The polymers become essentially insoluble in aqueous developers when the content of the monomer containing the hydroxyl group is less than 70 mole%. The dissolution rate of P(4HS/S) in organic solvents, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and their mixtures, increases as the styrene content increases. However, in IPA, dissolution rate goes through a maximum and then drops down with styrene content greater than 50 mole%. In mixtures of these two solvents, the polymer dissolves faster than it does in either pure solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyene Cyclization Terminated by Thiol. (1986)

Abstract Die Dien‐mercaptane (II) werden stereoselektiv zu den trans‐Hydrindanen (III) cyclisiert.
SEMI standards programmed-defect masks and their applications for defect inspection (1995)

A set of test masks on which programmed defects are placed has been standardized by SEMI (SEMI Standards P23-93). The masks have been designed to be used for benchmarking the sensitivity of defect inspection systems for reticles and masks. The standard test vehicles consist of two types of masks which have quasi device background patterns (contact holes or through-holes and wiring patterns) with a wide variety of programmed defects. The geometry of the background patterns on the masks have been designed for 0.5 micrometers or less when printed on a wafer with a 5x reduction stepper. Under the coordination of SEMI Japan, the test masks have experimentally been fabricated by a couple of Japanese mask shops, and the masks fabricated have been evaluated focusing on defect sizing accuracy. The mask which has holes as background pattern has been used for defect printability study using a 5x reduction i-line stepper. As a result, it has been confirmed that the test mask is a useful vehicle for the study. The standard masks, therefore, can also be used to make a standard defect spec on which mask suppliers and user agree.
Disposal of explosive ordnances by use of a bimanual haptic telepresence system (2004)

The paper outlines a novel approach for performing explosive ordnance disposal by use of a bimanual haptic telepresence system. This system enables an operator to perceive multimodal feedback from a remote environment for proper task execution. The developed experimental setup, comprising a bimanual human system interface and the corresponding bimanual teleoperator for use of both hands, is presented in detail. The teleoperation control architecture is discussed as well as a local model-based impedance control algorithm for manipulator control. Human-system performance is improved by means of stereo visualization of the tele-environment together with overlayed Augmented Reality assistance, and an algorithm for avoidance of dangerous manipulator configurations supported by augmented force feedback. Furthermore, a recently developed UDP communication library is presented for system interconnection taking into account compression of haptic data. Thus efficient and low delay of data transfer is ensured. The usability and effectiveness of the developed bimanual telepresence system are demonstrated by focusing a relevant task scenario, such as demining operations in a remote environment.
A radiated susceptibility test technique for PC boards implementing built-in-test or boundary scan designs (2002)

The authors describe a test technique and procedure for performing radiated susceptibility testing of printed circuit (PC) boards which implement built-in-test (BIT) or boundary scan designs. The measurement technique involves illumination of the circuit-under-test (CUT) with an electromagnetic plane wave generated in a TEM (transverse-electromagnetic) cell using a fiber-optic input/output (I/O) interface to the external test equipment. By isolating the CUT from the rest of the test environment, flaws in the EMI (electromagnetic interference) design/layout of PC boards can readily be identified and quickly retested using the recommended technique. Only a limited number of I/O pins must be interfaced to the digital test equipment when testing in BIT mode. A specific example of the use of these techniques and procedures as applied to a self-testing Am29034-bit microprocessor slice test circuit is also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of Testing Methods to Determine Long-Term Durability of Wisconsin Aggregates (2013)

Approximately 10 to 11 million tons of aggregates are utilized in transportation infrastructure projects in Wisconsin annually. The quality of aggregates has a tremendous influence on the performance and durability of roadways and bridges. In this Phase II research study, detailed statistical analyses were performed on over 1,000 sets of historical aggregate test results and the experimental results from the Phase I study. Test results from other states were analyzed as well. Aggregate tests were performed on 12 known marginal or poor Wisconsin aggregates to specifically address test performance of such aggregates. Selected aggregates were scanned using X-ray computed tomography to assess the effects of freeze-thaw and sodium sulfate exposure on the internal void system. The results of multi-parameter logistic regression analyses show that the pass/fail outcomes of the Micro-Deval test can be predicted when LA abrasion, absorption, and sodium sulfate soundness test results are known. The unconfined freeze-thaw test outcomes cannot be predicted from results of other tests (not correlated). Therefore, the unconfined freeze-thaw test should be part of any test protocol as it measures an aggregate characteristic that cannot be obtained from other tests. The percentiles associated with any proposed acceptance threshold limits for various aggregate tests should be determined using the statistical data provided.
A comparison of the knowledge of chronic pain and its management between final year physiotherapy and medical students (2008)

The scientific literature reveals a surprising lack of knowledge of chronic pain mechanisms and its management amongst health care professionals, including physicians and physiotherapists. There is little information directly related to a comparison between medical and physiotherapy students' knowledge of chronic pain. This study aimed to determine and compare the level of knowledge of chronic pain and its management between final year medical (n=126) and physiotherapy students (n=62). A chronic pain questionnaire which included two sections on knowledge and one section on management was used to gather quantitative and qualitative data. Final year physiotherapy students were found to have statistically greater knowledge of chronic pain than final year medical students (p=0.01 and p=0.002). In contrast, medical students were found to have statistically significantly greater understanding of the management of patients with chronic pain (p=0.001). Male students from both groups scored significantly higher in the management section (p=0.008) as did older students (p=0.01). There was a lack of understanding, in varying degrees, of central sensitization, opioid addition, fear-avoidance and a number of students from both cohorts appeared to bring a curative focus to the treatment of chronic pain. One way forward could be found in the interprofessional agenda. This will offer students from different disciplines opportunities to understand their different roles and enhance each others' learning base so that a biopsychosocial framework of care can be implemented. In this way, physiotherapists could learn more about the drug management of chronic pain and medical students could explore more collaborative patient-centred paradigms that address issues such as self-efficacy, self-management and patient empowerment. More focus needs to be paid to the education of the health professionals regarding their assumptions and understanding what 'vulnerable' means in a tissue in comparison to a person.