gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ABCB1 (MDR1)-Type P-Glycoproteins at the Blood–Brain Barrier Modulate the Activity of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenocortical System: Implications for Affective Disorder (2003)

Multidrug-resistance gene 1-type P-glycoproteins (ABCB1-type P-gps) protect the brain against the accumulation of many toxic xenobiotics and drugs. We recently could show that the access of the endogenous glucocorticoids corticosterone and cortisol to the brain are regulated by ABCB1-type P-gps in vivo. ABCB1-type P-gp function, therefore, is likely to exert a profound influence on the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. Hyperactivity of the HPA system is frequently observed in human affective disorder, and a considerable amount of evidence has been accumulated suggesting that normalization of the HPA system might be the final step necessary for stable remission of the disease. To examine whether blood-brain barrier (BBB) function influences neuroendocrine regulation, we investigated HPA system activity in abcb1ab (-/-) mice under basal conditions and following stress. Abcb1ab (-/-) mice showed consistently lower plasma ACTH levels and lower evening plasma corticosterone levels. CRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus was decreased and pituitary POMC mRNA expressing cells were significantly reduced in number in abcb1ab (-/-) mutants; however, they showed a normal activation of the HPA system following CRH stimulation. Lower doses of dexamethasone were required to suppress plasma corticosterone levels in mutants. Our data thus provide evidence for a sustained suppression of the HPA system at the hypothalamic level in abcb1ab (-/-) mice, suggesting that BBB function significantly regulates HPA system activity. Whether naturally occurring polymorphisms in the human ABCB1 gene might result in persistent changes in the responsiveness and regulation of the HPA system will be the subject of future investigations, correlating both genetic information with individual characteristics of the neuroendocrine phenotype.
Mosquitocidal Compounds from Magnolia Salicifolia (1997)

Bioassay-directed isolation and purification of Magnolia salicifolia yielded six mosquitocidal compounds. Geranial and neral, isolated from the bark, showed 100% mortality on 4th instar Aedes aegypti at 100 ppm in 24 h. Trans -anethole, from the leaves, demonstrated 100% mortality on 4th instar A. aegypti at 20 ppm in 24 h. Methyl eugenol from the leaves and iso-methyl eugenol isolated from leaves, fruits, and flowers, showed 100% mortality on 4th instar A. aegypti at 60 and 80 ppm, respectively, in 24 h. Costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from the fruits of M. salicifolia for the first time, exhibited 100% mortality on 4th instar A. egyptii at 15 ppm, in 24 h. Costunolide and an additional related sesquiterpene lactone, parthenolide, were detected and quantified in M. salicifolia for the first time. Mosquitocidal activities of these compounds from M. salicifolia are reported for the first time.
A strategy for N(+) advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Arranging by FDG-PET (2006)

654 Objectives: Advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accompanied with highly spreading lymph node (LN) metastasis is a systemic disease. The three-year overall survival rates after surgery of the patients accompanied with no/1-3/4-7/8-metastatic LNs are 74/49/28/16%, so surgery alone rarely cures the patient who has more than four metastatic LNs. To improve overall survival of such patients, preoperative chemotherapy has been used, however, in order to evaluate the pathological effect for LNs metastasis or the number of residual metastatic LNs, the morphological imaging modalities were hardly sufficient. Then we assessed the usefulness of positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) for predicting the histological response and judging the indication for second-line surgery in patients with advanced esophageal SCC. Methods: Twenty-eight patients of esophageal SCC accompanied with LN metastasis who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy underwent FDG-PET before surgery. We compared the PET N-stage with the pathological N-stage, the number of pathological metastatic LNs, and prognosis after surgery. Results: Fourteen patients were PET N(-) after preoperative chemotherapy, and all of these patients had less than three metastatic LNs (nine of them were pathological N0). Other fourteen patients were PET N(+) after chemotherapy, none of them was pathological N0, only three had 1-3 metastatic LNs, and eleven patients had more than four. The one- and three-year overall survival rate were 100 and 75.8% in the PET N(-) group compared with 63.6 and 0% in the PET N(+) group. Conclusions: PET N(-) after chemotherapy does not always mean pathological N0, but means that the metastatic LNs seems to be less than three and is a good candidate for second-line surgery. In the therapeutic strategy for advanced esophageal SCC, FDG-PET may be an extremely useful modality.
Effects of varying duty cycle and pulse width on high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-induced transcranial thrombolysis (2013)

The goal was to test the effects of various combinations of pulse widths (PW) and duty cycles (DC) on high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-induced sonothrombolysis efficacy using an in vitro flow model. An ExAblate™ 4000 HIFU headsystem (InSightec, Inc., Israel) was used. Artificial blood clots were placed into test tubes inside a human calvarium and exposed to pulsatile flow. Four different duty cycles were tested against four different pulse widths. For all study groups, an increase in thrombolysis efficacy could be seen in association with increasing DC and/or PW (p < 0.0001). Using transcranial HIFU, significant thrombolysis can be achieved within seconds and without the use of lytic drugs in vitro. Longer duty cycles in combination with longer pulse widths seem to have the highest potential to optimize clot lysis efficacy.
Optical Biopsy with Optical Coherence Tomography<sup>a</sup> (1998)

A need exists in medicine for a technology capable of 'optical biopsy,' imaging at or near the resolution of histopathology without the need for excisional biopsy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a recently developed imaging technology that uses infrared light to generate cross-sectional images on a micron scale. In this work, the feasibility of OCT for optical biopsy was confirmed with in vitro tissue from the skeletal and male reproductive systems. This work supports the hypothesis that OCT is an attractive technology for in vivo optical biopsy.
A Practical Approach to Exploiting Coarse-Grained Pipeline Parallelism in C Programs (2007)

The emergence of multicore processors has heightened the need for effective parallel programming practices. In addition to writing new parallel programs, the next generation of programmers will be faced with the overwhelming task of migrating decades' worth of legacy C code into a parallel representation. Addressing this problem requires a toolset of parallel programming primitives that can broadly apply to both new and existing programs. While tools such as threads and OpenMP allow programmers to express task and data parallelism, support for pipeline parallelism is distinctly lacking. In this paper, we offer a new and pragmatic approach to leveraging coarse-grained pipeline parallelism in C programs. We target the domain of streaming applications, such as audio, video, and digital signal processing, which exhibit regular flows of data. To exploit pipeline parallelism, we equip the programmer with a simple set of annotations (indicating pipeline boundaries) and a dynamic analysis that tracks all communication across those boundaries. Our analysis outputs a stream graph of the application as well as a set of macros for parallelizing the program and communicating the data needed. We apply our methodology to six case studies, including MPEG-2 decoding, MP3 decoding, GMTI radar processing, and three SPEC benchmarks. Our analysis extracts a useful block diagram for each application, and the parallelized versions offer a 2.78x mean speedup on a 4-core machine.
Influence of Selection for Milk Yield on Endogenous Hormones and Metabolites in Holstein Heifers and Cows (1985)

Plasma concentrations of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucagon, glucose, urea and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured in Holstein calves, yearlings, bred heifers and primiparous cows, either sired by bulls with high predicted differences (PD) for milk (selection group) or by bulls from an unselected random bred control population (control group; n = 6). Serial blood samples were collected before and after feeding for an 8-h period from 0900 to 1700 h. All animals were fed a complete feed at 1100 h and administered insulin (.6 IU/100 kg body weight) at 1400 h. Mean plasma PRL was greater in control animals after feeding and insulin administration, while GH was greater overall in selection cattle. Insulin remained elevated longer in selection animals after exogenous administration, and plasma glucagon was increased in the control group. While plasma glucose and urea were unaffected by genetic group, plasma FFA were elevated in selection group calves and primiparous cows compared with the control group. All hormones and metabolites differed among the pre- and post-feeding and insulin administration periods and also with age. Mean PRL and GH increased after feeding, while glucagon decreased after exogenous insulin. Plasma FFA declined after feeding, while urea and glucose were similar before and after feeding. Mean PRL increased and glucagon decreased with advancing age and plasma GH and insulin showed inverse relationships at different ages. Plasma FFA changes closely followed GH changes with age, while plasma glucose more closely followed insulin changes with age. Results indicate that all hormones measured and FFA responded to genetic selection for milk, and increases in GH are uniformly associated with increased genetic potential for milk yield.
REACTION OF UF$sub 6$ WITH AMMONIA (1960)

The reaction of uranium hexafluoride with ammonia at -50 to -200 tained C was studied. Composite equations for the reaction are suggested for the temperature range of -50 to - 30 tained C, 6UF/sub 6/ - 8 NH/sub 3/ / sub 2/ were ob 6UF/sub 5/ - 6NH/sub 4/F - N/sub 2/; fo r 0 to 25 tained C, 4UF/sub 6/ + 8 NF/sub 3/ /sub 2/ were ob 2UN/sub 5/ - 2NH/sub 4/ UF/sub 5/ - 4NH/sub 4/F + N/sub 2/; for 100 to 200 tained C, 3UF/sub 6/ - 8NH/sub 3/ /sub 2/ were ob 3NH/sub 4/UF + 3NH/sub 4/F + N/sub 2 /. The rate of reaction at -20 to -20 tained C was evaluated. The thermal effect of the reaction at -50 to 30 tained C fluctuates between 50.8 to 83.6 kcal/mole and at - 40 tained C it coincides with the value calculated with the suggested equation. (tr-auth)
Comparative Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Partial Resistance to<i>Puccinia sorghi</i>Across Four Populations of European Flint Maize (1998)

ABSTRACT We mapped and characterized quantitative trait loci (QTL) for partial resistance to Puccinia sorghi and investigated consistency across different European flint maize populations. Four independent populations, containing 280 F(3) lines (AxB(I)), 120 F(5) lines (AxB(II)), 131 F(4) lines (AxC), and 133 F(4) lines (CxD) were produced from four European elite flint inbreds (A, B, C, and D) and genotyped at 89, 151, 104, and 122 restriction fragment length polymorphism marker loci, respectively. All F(n) lines were evaluated in field trials with two replications in three or five (AxB(I)) environments. Genotypic variance was highly significant for rust ratings in all populations, and heritabilities exceeded 0.64. Between 4 and 13 QTL were detected in individual populations using composite interval mapping, explaining between 33 and 71% of the phenotypic variance. Twenty QTL were distributed over all ten chromosomes, without preference to chromosomes 3, 4, 6, and 10, which harbor qualitatively acting Rp loci. In most cases, gene action was additive or partially dominant. Four pairs of QTL displayed significant digenic epistatic interactions, and QTL-environment interactions were observed frequently. Approximately half of the QTL were consistent between AxB(I) and AxB(II) or AxC and CxD; fewer were consistent between AxB(I) and AxC or CxD. In European flint maize germ plasm, conventional selection for partial rust resistance seems to be more promising than marker-assisted selection.
Whole mount in situ detection of low abundance transcripts of the myogenic factor qmf1 and myosin heavy chain protein in quail embryos. (1992)

We describe a whole mount in situ hybridization procedure to detect and localize low abundance transcripts (qmf1) and myosin heavy chain proteins in quail embryos. The critical factor in transcript detection was the extent of proteinase K digestion. Optimal digestion increased probe accessibility and reduced background. The use of digoxigenin-labeled probes and immunological detection with anti-digoxigenin-alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibody allowed signal development in 6-10 h, unlike the 7 days required using 35S-labeled probes. Myosin heavy chain proteins were detected using immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy to allow precise localization of signal within developing embryos.
γδ T cells: novel initiators of adaptive immunity (2007)

In this review, we discuss the potential role of human gammadelta T cells in the control of adaptive immunity. Our latest findings emerged as a consequence of our working hypothesis, which predicts a close relationship between the migration control in leukocytes and their function in immune processes as diverse as hematopoiesis, initiation of adaptive immunity, and immune surveillance in peripheral tissues. Leukocyte migration control is defined by the combination of migration and adhesion receptors on their surface and the tissue distribution of the corresponding ligands. According to our hypothesis, leukocytes featuring migration receptors for homing to lymph nodes (LNs) will also display activities that preferentially take place within LNs. Following this line of thought, by showing LN-homing properties in a subset of human gammadelta T cells, we speculated that gammadelta T cells influence the initiation of T- and B-cell responses. Here, we summarize our recent data, showing that LN-homing gammadelta T cells have potent antigen-presenting cell characteristics. This unexpected finding is discussed with regards to microbial sensing by human gammadelta T cells and a possible role for these cells in anti-microbial immunity.
A Versatile Data Cache for Trace Buffer Support (2014)

Since the cache system has been a predominant part in modern SoC's and its capacity is sometimes larger than necessary for specific applications, it is desirable to enhance the role of the cache system to beyond its original purpose (performance improvement). In this paper we propose a versatile data cache, called DT (data/trace) cache, by making it to function simultaneously as a regular data cache and as a trace buffer for real time software debugging and monitoring. It is accomplished by modifying the cache organization such that a portion of the cache ways can be configured as a trace buffer during the run time. The trace buffer stores the trace produced by some trace generation hardware while the rest portion of the data cache keeps its original role. The trace can be dumped out using the existing cache write back circuitry. The integration of a DT cache with an instruction cache, an academic ARM7 processor and a trace generator has been accomplished at RTL level. The hardware overhead is very minor and does not impair the global critical path delay. For a 16 KB (8 ways, 512 lines, 8 words) DT cache with only 1 way as the trace buffer, it is capable of storing 12771 cycles of the program trace at the cost of merely 553 gates and slight increase in cache miss rate on the average. The experiments show that the DT cache is a highly cost-effective approach for real time on-chip trace buffering.
Software visualization for debugging (1997)

article Free Access Share on Software visualization for debugging Authors: Ron Baecker Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Media Design Institute, The University of Toronto Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Media Design Institute, The University of TorontoView Profile , Chris DiGiano University of Colorado, Boulder University of Colorado, BoulderView Profile , Aaron Marcus Aaron Marcus and Associates, Inc., Emeryville, Calif. Aaron Marcus and Associates, Inc., Emeryville, Calif.View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 40Issue 4April 1997 pp 44–54https://doi.org/10.1145/248448.248458Online:01 April 1997Publication History 52citation1,583DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations52Total Downloads1,583Last 12 Months46Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease (2020)

The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system development and function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis and disease. The microbiome plays critical roles in the training and development of major components of the host's innate and adaptive immune system, while the immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of host-microbe symbiosis. In a genetically susceptible host, imbalances in microbiota-immunity interactions under defined environmental contexts are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a multitude of immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review features of microbiome-immunity crosstalk and their roles in health and disease, while providing examples of molecular mechanisms orchestrating these interactions in the intestine and extra-intestinal organs. We highlight aspects of the current knowledge, challenges and limitations in achieving causal understanding of host immune-microbiome interactions, as well as their impact on immune-mediated diseases, and discuss how these insights may translate towards future development of microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions.
Low-dose methadone has an analgesic effect in neuropathic pain: a double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial (2003)

The analgesic effectiveness and adverse effect incidence of a daily dose of 10 or 20 mg of oral methadone were evaluated in 18 patients with a diverse range of chronic neuropathic pain syndromes, who had all responded poorly to traditional analgesic regimens. Analgesia was seen after each dose of methadone. As compared with placebo, the 20 mg daily dose (given as 10 mg bd) resulted in statistically significant (P = 0.013-0.020) improvements in patient Visual Analogue Scale ratings of maximum pain intensity, average pain intensity and pain relief, recorded at the same time daily. The analgesic effects extended over 48 hours, as shown by statistically significant (P = 0.013-0.020) improvements in all three outcomes on the rest days instituted between each daily dose. Analgesic effects (lowered maximum pain intensity and increased pain relief, on the day of dosing only) were also seen when the lower daily dose of 10 mg methadone (given as 5 mg bd) was used, but these failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.064 and 0.065, respectively). Interpatient analysis showed that the analgesic effects were not restricted to any particular type of neuropathic pain. Patient compliance was high throughout the trial. One patient withdrew during the 10 mg and six during the 20 mg methadone treatment periods. This is the first double-blind randomized controlled trial to demonstrate that methadone has an analgesic effect in neuropathic pain.
Development of a Diesel Particulate Filter Burner Control System for Active Trap Regeneration (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper outlines the development of a diesel fuel burner for Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration. The burner utilizes the application of a dual featured ignition system that may enable a burner system to be more cost effective, reliable, and efficient than other burners or Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC). The ignition system incorporates high-energy ignition and ion sensing into a single controller. These two features provide many benefits for burner applications. The high-energy ignition provides enhanced light-off characteristics while simultaneously cleaning the electrode surfaces. Ion sensing allows precise flame control through high-speed ignition and flameout feedback. Initial data has already confirmed many of these anticipated benefits.</div>
Pure-Red Dye for Organic Electroluminescent Devices: Bis-Condensed DCM Derivatives (2001)

In this paper, the bis-condensed 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-[p-(dimethylamino)styryl]-4H-pyran (DCM) derivatives are introduced as a new class of red dye for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). They showed more red-shifted emission than the mono-substituted DCM derivatives and the emission maxima increased as the electron-donating ability of the aromatic donor group increased. On the basis of these results, red light-emitting devices were fabricated with bis-condensed DCM derivatives as red dopants. For a device of configuration ITO/TPD/Alq3 + DADB (5.2 wt.-%)/Alq3/Al (where ITO is indium tin oxide, TPD is N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine, Alq3 is tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum, and DADB is [2,6-bis[2-[5-(dibutylamino)phenyl]vinyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene]propanedinitrile), pure red emission was observed with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE 1931) coordinates of (0.658, 0.337) at 25 mA/cm2.