gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of sister-chromatid cohesion at the centromere by the <i>Drosophila</i> MEI-S332 protein (1998)

Sister-chromatid cohesion is essential for the faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Recently biochemical analysis with Xenopus extracts suggests that cohesion is established during S phase by a cohesion complex but that other proteins must maintain it in mitosis. The Drosophila melanogaster MEI-S332 protein is present on centromeres in mitosis and meiosis and is essential for cohesion at the centromeres in meiosis II. Here, we analyze the timing of MEI-S332 assembly onto centromeres and the functional domains of the MEI-S332 protein. We find that MEI-S332 is first detectable on chromosomes during prometaphase, and this localization is independent of microtubules. MEI-S332 contains two separable functional domains, as mutations within these domains show intragenic complementation. The carboxy-terminal basic region is required for chromosomal localization. The amino-terminal coiled-coil domain may facilitate protein-protein interactions between MEI-S332 and male meiotic proteins. MEI-S332 interacts with itself in the yeast two-hybrid assay and in immunoprecipitates from Drosophila oocyte and embryo extracts. Thus it appears that MEI-S332 assembles into a multimeric protein complex that localizes to centromeric regions during prometaphase and is required for the maintenance of sister-chromatid cohesion until anaphase, rather than its establishment in S phase.
Novel Borehole System for Reservoir Monitoring Using Transient Electromagnetics (2011)

Abstract In this paper, we describe a novel transient electromagnetic borehole technology for reservoir monitoring that has important advantages over existing borehole electromagnetic methods. This work is based on computer simulation of a waterflooded reservoir model that demonstrates the efficacy of this technique for reservoir monitoring. Conventional and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes such as waterflooding, steam flooding, and chemical flooding cause key changes in reservoir fluid composition over time. The proposed transient electromagnetic borehole technology can be used for fluid front monitoring and to detect bypassed pay in reservoirs. Existing cross-well borehole electromagnetic technology has shown potential for detecting changes in the reservoir over time by measuring resistivity contrasts. However, it has limitations; most notable being that the measurement is limited to the region between a pair of wells. We show that transient measurements have a distinct advantage over traditional continuous-wave measurements in that different segments of the transient signal can be mapped to different regions of the formation. Furthermore, the measured transient signal has no interference from the transmitter because the transmitter is silent when the formation signal is acquired. This technology eliminates the need for using two separate wells simultaneously, and it has better spatial resolution for the region close to the well. We present several 3-dimensional transient simulation results for a single-well triaxial transmitter-receiver system in a hypothetical waterflooded reservoir. Some of the measured signals demonstrate azimuthal and radial sensitivity to a water front 1,000 ft away. This paper describes transient electromagnetic technology for a single-well borehole reservoir monitoring system that can be implemented with permanent sensors, while cross-well technology needs a multi-frequency multi-spacing transmitter-receiver system along with wireline logging equipment for multiple wells. The 3-dimensional transient electromagnetic computer simulations performed for this work are also an important addition to the knowledgebase of the industry.
Aqueous Co‐precipitated <scp> <scp>Ti</scp> </scp> <sub>0.5</sub> <scp> <scp>Sn</scp> </scp> <sub>0.5</sub> <scp> <scp>O</scp> </scp> <sub>2</sub> Nanopowders as Precursors for Dense Spinodally Decomposed Ceramics (2011)

Spinodal decomposition in the TiO 2 – SnO 2 system produces TiO 2 rich/ SnO 2 rich nano‐wide lamellae. The high density of coherent interfaces is expected to reduce thermal conductivity of the ceramic without blocking electron transport. These semiconductors could therefore be candidates for environmental friendly oxide thermo‐electrics. However, dense materials are difficult to obtain by conventional sintering from a mixture of TiO 2 and SnO 2 powders due to evaporation of tin oxide. The article presents a novel route to produce, by aqueous co‐precipitation, Ti 0.5 Sn 0.5 O 2 nanopowders as precursors for dense ceramics. The nanostructure developed by spinodal decomposition inside the grains of the as obtained dense Ti 0.5 Sn 0.5 O 2 ceramic is shown to be comparable to that of porous Ti 0.5 Sn 0.5 O 2 ceramic obtained by conventional method.
Zeolite Y: Synthesis, Modification, and Properties—A Case Revisited (2014)

Y zeolites dealuminated by steaming were introduced as fluid-cracking catalysts in the year 1970. Extensive research has been done to develop suitable dealumination techniques, to investigate crystal structure, and to characterize catalytic behaviour. However, the origin of the secondary pore system formed in the zeolite structure during dealumination process remained completely obscure over a period of four decades. Open questions concerned also the existence of extraframework siliceous admixture in addition to extraframework aluminium species which can dramatically change the catalytic properties of these zeolites. This paper gives a review on the synthesis of DAY materials and provides some answers to several open questions.
The DIGILATOR, a New Broadband Microwave Frequency Translator (1967)

Frequency translation of an RF wave can be accomplished by subjecting it to a constant rate of phase shift or by applying an ideal repetitive sawtooth phase function which snaps to zero at 360 degrees (serrodyne modulation). The DIGILATOR is a new type of frequeucy translator which employs a multibit latching ferrite phase shifter with a suitable digital switching driver to obtain a multiple-step approximation to the serrodyne phase function. This paper reviews the theory of an N-step DIGILATOR and describes the design of a 16-step, X-band device. Experiments showed that performance is independent of microwave frequency over the design frequency band of the phase shifter. The carrier and close-in sidebands were suppressed by 39 dB and predicted far-out sidebands were within 1 dB of theoretical amplitudes.
A Novel Multi-frequency Coherent OTDR for Fast Fading Noise Reduction (2012)

We firstly propose and demonstrate a novel multi-frequency coherent OTDR, which inherently has the fast fading noise reduction capability. And 0.09-dB amplitude fluctuation is achieved with only 214 averages by this novel Coherent OTDR.
High-radix Montgomery modular exponentiation on reconfigurable hardware (2001)

It is widely recognized that security issues will play a crucial role in the majority of future computer and communication systems. Central tools for achieving system security are cryptographic algorithms. This contribution proposes arithmetic architectures which are optimized for modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The proposed architectures perform modular exponentiation with very long integers. This operation is at the heart of many practical public-key algorithms such as RSA and discrete logarithm schemes. We combine a high-radix Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm with a new systolic array design. The designs are flexible, allowing any choice of operand and modulus. The new architecture also allows the use of high radices. Unlike previous approaches, we systematically implement and compare several variants of our new architecture for different bit lengths. We provide absolute area and timing measures for each architecture. The results allow conclusions about the feasibility and time-space trade-offs of our architecture for implementation on commercially available FPGAs. We found that 1,024-bit RSA decryption can be done in 3.1 ms with our fastest architecture.
EncounterEngine: Integrating Bluetooth User Proximity Data into Social Applications (2008)

The EncounterEngine platform computes relative user proximity based on Bluetooth scan data. The platform is application-agnostic, works with conventional mobile handsets, is energy-efficient, and is easy to use. We describe the lessons learned in building the EncounterEngine platform and a mobile proximity-based game called "wherepsilas blue?" that runs on it.
Quantitative and Qualitative Deficits in Neonatal Lung-Migratory Dendritic Cells Impact the Generation of the CD8+ T Cell Response (2014)

CD103+ and CD11b+ populations of CD11c+MHCIIhi murine dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to carry antigens from the lung through the afferent lymphatics to mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN). We compared the responses of these two DC populations in neonatal and adult mice following intranasal infection with respiratory syncytial virus. The response in neonates was dominated by functionally-limited CD103+ DCs, while CD11b+ DCs were diminished in both number and function compared to adults. Infecting mice at intervals through the first three weeks of life revealed an evolution in DC phenotype and function during early life. Using TCR transgenic T cells with two different specificities to measure the ability of CD103+ DC to induce epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses, we found that neonatal CD103+ DCs stimulate proliferation in a pattern distinct from adult CD103+ DCs. Blocking CD28-mediated costimulatory signals during adult infection demonstrated that signals from this costimulatory pathway influence the hierarchy of the CD8+ T cell response to RSV, suggesting that limited costimulation provided by neonatal CD103+ DCs is one mechanism whereby neonates generate a distinct CD8+ T cell response from that of adults.
Real-Time Speed Limit Sign Detection and Recognition from Image Sequences (2010)

Traffic sign, especially speed limit sign recognition is important in a driver assistance system. In this paper, a robust approach for real-time detection and recognition of speed limit sign is presented. It consists of two major steps: sign detection and sign recognition. In detection stage, Fast Radial Symmetry Transform is utilized to detect possible sign locations. Then the new method proposed, that is named “Largest Containing Circle” is used to segment characters region. In recognition stage, one fuzzy template matching method is applied to coarse recognize the sign number character, Furthermore, we conduct a similar character recognizer based on the local feature vector for fine recognition of the character. Experimental results in different conditions, including sunny, cloudy, foggy and rainy weather demonstrates that most speed limit signs can be correctly detected and recognized with a high accuracy and the average processing time is 15ms per frame on a standard PC.
Highly parallel integrated microfluidic biochannel arrays (2002)

Microfluidic biochannel arrays that integrates massively parallel microfluidic channels with Motorola glass-based microarray biochips have been successfully developed. We demonstrated that such a device allows DNA hybridization assays to be performed in a miniaturized and highly parallel fashion. The biochannel arrays are a new DNA diagnostics platform that has several desirable features such as single-use and cost-effective, highly parallel (up to 52 protocols in parallel), and processed rapidly. Additionally, only nanoliter-volumes (/spl sim/100 nL) of DNA sample/reagents are consumed per array.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Medication Nonadherence in Patients With Schizophrenia (2002)

Efforts to improve medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia should target relevant risk factors.
Series introduction: innate host defense of the respiratory epithelium (2003)

This series overviews the current knowledge of the innate-immune system of the lung. Special emphasis is put on mechanisms used by epithelial cells of the respiratory tract to contribute to host defense. This defense function is important, as the lung is especially prone to microbial exposure. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide requires the ventilation of a large volume of environmental air that may contain respiratory pathogens. Furthermore, the digestive pathway shares with the airways the pharynx, opening another possibility for the uptake of microorganisms into the respiratory tract. Host defense is provided by a multilayered and complex system that aims to avoid colonization and infection of the lung. A classic view separates the inborn, innate-immune system from adaptive mechanisms that involve antigen-specific lymphocytes.
Efficient Closed Contour Extraction from Range Image’s Edge Points (2006)

This paper presents an improvement over a previous contour closure algorithm. Assuming that edge points are given as input, the proposed approach consists of two steps. Similarly than the previous approach, the minimum spanning tree of a partially connected graph is initially computed. Then, a morphological filter removes noisy links and finally open contours are closed by minimizing a linking cost function. Advantages of the proposed technique lie in the lack of user defined thresholds and non-dependency of edge point density. Experimental results with synthetic and real range images are presented showing encouraging results with uniform and non-uniform edge points’ distribution.
Efficient CRISPR editing with a hypercompact Cas12f1 and engineered guide RNAs delivered by adeno-associated virus (2021)

Gene therapy would benefit from a miniature CRISPR system that fits into the small adeno-associated virus (AAV) genome and has high cleavage activity and specificity in eukaryotic cells. One of the most compact CRISPR-associated nucleases yet discovered is the archaeal Un1Cas12f1. However, Un1Cas12f1 and its variants have very low activity in eukaryotic cells. In the present study, we redesigned the natural guide RNA of Un1Cas12f1 at five sites: the 5' terminus of the trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA), the tracrRNA-crRNA complementary region, a penta(uridinylate) sequence, the 3' terminus of the crRNA and a disordered stem 2 region in the tracrRNA. These optimizations synergistically increased the average indel frequency by 867-fold. The optimized Un1Cas12f1 system enabled efficient, specific genome editing in human cells when delivered by plasmid vectors, PCR amplicons and AAV. As Un1Cas12f1 cleaves outside the protospacer, it can be used to create large deletions efficiently. The engineered Un1Cas12f1 system showed efficiency comparable to that of SpCas9 and specificity similar to that of AsCas12a.
Early Manifestations of Disseminated<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex Disease: A Prospective Evaluation (1997)

A nested case-control study was conducted in two trials of prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection to describe the specific signs, symptoms, and laboratory abnormalities of MAC disease in AIDS. Patients had < or =200/mm3 CD4 cells and a prior AIDS-defining illness. Of 571 patients, 102 (17.9%) developed MAC bacteremia during a mean follow-up of 256 days. Among cases of MAC disease, 90 were compared with 180 matched controls. Patients with MAC disease were more likely than controls to have lower weights (66.3 vs. 71.1 kg, P = .001) and Karnofsky scores (74.3 vs. 84.4, P < .001); a higher proportion had fever (48% vs. 26%, P = .003), abdominal pain (23% vs. 13%, P =.05), decreased hemoglobin levels (10.9 vs. 12.1 g/dL, P < .001), and elevated alkaline phosphatase (203 vs. 138 U/L, P=.04) and lactate dehydrogenase (334 vs. 280 U/L, P = .02) levels. Characteristics of MAC disease that occurred before bacteremia were weight loss (3 months prior), fever (2 months), and anemia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (1 month). These data suggest that patients have symptomatic MAC disease for several months prior to the occurrence of bacteremia.
Practical, distributed network coordinates (2004)

Vivaldi is a distributed algorithm that assigns synthetic coordinates to internet hosts, so that the Euclidean distance between two hosts' coordinates predicts the network latency between them. Each node in Vivaldi computes its coordinates by simulating its position in a network of physical springs. Vivaldi is both distributed and efficient: no fixed infrastructure need be deployed and a new host can compute useful coordinates after collecting latency information from only a few other hosts. Vivaldi can rely on piggy-backing latency information on application traffic instead of generating extra traffic by sending its own probe packets.This paper evaluates Vivaldi through simulations of 750 hosts, with a matrix of inter-host latencies derived from measurements between 750 real Internet hosts. Vivaldi finds synthetic coordinates that predict the measured latencies with a median relative error of 14 percent. The simulations show that a new host joining an existing Vivaldi system requires fewer than 10 probes to achieve this accuracy. Vivaldi is currently used by the Chord distributed hash table to perform proximity routing, replica selection, and retransmission timer estimation.
Reliability of high-content disks and modified broth dilution tests for detecting staphylococcal resistance to the penicillinase-resistant penicillins (1987)

In vitro susceptibility tests were performed with 271 isolates of Staphylococcus species (204 Staphylococcus aureus), including 110 strains resistant to the penicillinase-resistant penicillins. Disks containing 5 or 10 micrograms of methicillin, 1 or 4 micrograms of oxacillin, and 1 or 4 micrograms of nafcillin were evaluated. After a full 24 h of incubation at 35 degrees C, tests with 1-microgram oxacillin disks provided optimal results. Use of the more potent oxacillin, nafcillin, or methicillin disks only increased the number of false-susceptible test results. For broth microdilution tests, 2% NaCl should be added to cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth, and MICs should be recorded after a full 24 h at 35 degrees C. Microdilution tests with oxacillin in broth with 2% NaCl were more reliable than similar tests with methicillin.
Thermodynamic Limits for Some Light-Producing Devices (1968)

A thermodynamic upper limit for the energy efficiency $\ensuremath{\eta}$ of light energy output to pump energy input is obtained. It is of a general form, and is applied to lasers and to electroluminescent diodes when these are in a steady state. The theory generalizes previous work, notably the results $\ensuremath{\eta}<\frac{1\ensuremath{-}T}{{T}_{p}}$ (Mazurenko, lasers) and $\ensuremath{\eta}<{[\frac{1\ensuremath{-}T}{{T}_{L}}]}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (Weinstein, diodes), where ${T}_{p}$ and ${T}_{L}$ are effective temperatures associated with the pumping system and the emitted light, respectively. For a GaAs diode, experimental work at the ambient temperature $T={300}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$K has been analyzed to yield $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.1$ to 6% for various forward currents. The internal entropy generation rate for the same diode, per electron crossing the device, is estimated at 30 to 50 Boltzmann constants.
Comparison of the faecal microflora of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and controls using molecular methods of analysis (2002)

By using DGGE, we have demonstrated the complexity and individuality of the human intestinal microflora and shown that this is a confounding factor in determining the possible significance of individual organisms in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. Nevertheless, we demonstrated a higher prevalence of sulphate-reducing bacteria in the faeces of patients with AS. These organisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. We also detected a possible loss of immunological tolerance to autologous Bacteroides isolates in patients with AS.
Flash 5 Advanced for Windows and MacIntosh: Visual Quickpro Guide with CD (2000)

From the Publisher:
Author Russell Chun shows readers how to problem solve and tackle everyday, real-life Flash quandaries.

The huge popularity of Flash has generated an enormous amount of demand for advanced Flash titles. However, many third-party books, while satisfactory for a beginning level Flash animator, offer limited instruction in advanced functions such as Action Scripting and Movie Clips, both of which are essential for complex Flash interactivity. 

Flash 5 Advanced for Windows and Macintosh: Visual QuickPro Guide covers advanced features and techniques of Flash, and offers a more general strategy to Flash problem solving. Rather than presenting `cookbook-style' Flash examples for users to copy, this guide demonstrates ways to approach animation and interactivity, encouraging users to begin to `think' in Flash. The book contains five sections: advanced animation, understanding ActionScript, navigation, transferring graphics and sound, and working with information.The Visual QuickPro Guide uses the same task-based, visual reference format of the Visual QuickStart Guide series.
YAP Induces Human Naive Pluripotency (2016)

The human naive pluripotent stem cell (PSC) state, corresponding to a pre-implantation stage of development, has been difficult to capture and sustain in vitro. We report that the Hippo pathway effector YAP is nuclearly localized in the inner cell mass of human blastocysts. Overexpression of YAP in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced PSCs (iPSCs) promotes the generation of naive PSCs. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) can partially substitute for YAP to generate transgene-free human naive PSCs. YAP- or LPA-induced naive PSCs have a rapid clonal growth rate, a normal karyotype, the ability to form teratomas, transcriptional similarities to human pre-implantation embryos, reduced heterochromatin levels, and other hallmarks of the naive state. YAP/LPA act in part by suppressing differentiation-inducing effects of GSK3 inhibition. CRISPR/Cas9-generated YAP(-/-) cells have an impaired ability to form colonies in naive but not primed conditions. These results uncover an unexpected role for YAP in the human naive state, with implications for early human embryology.
A theory of post-stall transients in multistage axial compression systems (1985)

A theory is presented for post stall transients in multistage axial compressors. The theory leads to a set of coupled first-order ordinary differential equations capable of describing the growth and possible decay of a rotating-stall cell during a compressor mass-flow transient. These changing flow features are shown to have a significant effect on the instantaneous compressor pumping characteristic during unsteady operation, and henace on the overall system behavior. It is also found from the theory that the ultimate mode of system response, stable rotating stall or surge, depends not only on the B parameter but also on other parameters, such as the compressor length-to-diameter ratio. Small values of this latter quantity tend to favor the occurrence of surge, as do large values of B. A limited parametric study is carried out to show the impact of the different system features on transient behavior. Based on analytical and numerical results, several specific topics are suggested for future research on post-stall transients.