gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Measurement of Data Protection Compliance of Cloud Services. (2014)

Companies want to benefit from the numerous advantages of cloud services such as flexibility and cost efficiency. However, cloud services vary considerably with respect to the security and privacy mechanisms provided. Moreover, security-aware companies complain the lack of transparency concerning the security measures and processes the cloud provider has installed. As a solution for the latter one, auditors may evaluate cloud providers and issue certificates attesting whether the cloud provider meets the agreed requirements. However, due to the characteristics of cloud computing, on-site inspections in the data centers of a cloud provider do not seem to be realistic. In this paper we show how metrics can be derived from data protection requirements and how these metrics can be expressed in the form of formal policies, in order to be used for an automated evaluation of cloud services.
Rapamycin causes regression of astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis complex (2006)

Oral rapamycin therapy can induce regression of astrocytomas associated with TSC and may offer an alternative to operative therapy of these lesions.
ChemInform Abstract: BASE‐CATALYZED ISOMERIZATION OF N‐(3,7‐DIMETHYLOCTA‐2,6‐DIENYL)DIALKYLAMINE TO N‐(3,7‐DIMETHYLOCTA‐1,3‐DIENYL)DIALKYLAMINE‐ DIHYDROCITRAL FROM ISOPRENE (1977)

Abstract In situ aus NaH, KH, KNHQ, BuLi oder Lithium und Äthylendiamin hergestelltes Alkalimetall‐2‐aminoäthylamid katalysiert die Isomerisierung von N‐(2‐Alkenyl)‐dialkylaminen zu N‐( 1‐Alkenyl)‐Derivaten.
A NEW TYPE OF METALLO-ORGANIC COMPLEX DERIVED FROM DICOBALT OCTACARBONYL AND ACETYLENES (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA NEW TYPE OF METALLO-ORGANIC COMPLEX DERIVED FROM DICOBALT OCTACARBONYL AND ACETYLENESHeinz W. Sternberg, Harold Greenfield, Robert A. Friedel, John Wotiz, Raymond Markby, and Irving WenderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 5, 1457–1458Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01634a103RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (274 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
High Temperature Gallium Orthophosphate Transducers for NDT (2016)

A transducer has been manufactured leading towards development of an ultrasonic system to operate up to 580°C for non-destructive testing (NDT) and monitoring in power plants. The manufactured transducer has a simple design based on the piezoelectric single crystal gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4) which allows ultrasonic measurements to be performed up to considerably high temperature (HT) levels required in this study. Usually a critical aspect when performing HT ultrasonic NDT– acoustic coupling to the test-material, has been resolved using a commercially available HT silver adhesive which provides permanent installation of the transducer on the structure to be tested. This also means that for future application in an industrial environment drilling and/or machining intervention requirements will be reduced significantly. Finally, the GaPO4 transducer's sensitivity (f=3.5 MHz) has been successfully tested through measurements on a steel block containing an artificial defect with known geometry (side-drilled hole (SDH) with d=0.8 mm) up to the target temperature of 580°C keeping the defect's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above 6 dB which is high enough for NDT practice.
How to use implantable intrathecal drug delivery systems for refractory cancer pain. (2004)

Dr. Smith is Professorand Chair of theDivision of Hematology/Oncology and PalliativeCare at the VirginiaCommonwealth UniversityHealth System, Richmond,Virginia.Mr. Coyne is Director ofClinical Services on theThomas Palliative CareUnit of the VirginiaCommonwealth UniversityHealth System, Richmond,Virginia.Correspondence to: Thomas J. Smith, MD, Division ofHematology/Oncology, Virginia CommonwealthUniversity, MCV Box 980230, Richmond, VA 23298-0230;telephone: (804) 828-9723; fax: (804) 828-8079;e-mail: tsmith@hsc.vcu.edu
Electroless Nickel Plating onto Minute Patterns of Copper Using Ti(IV)∕Ti(III) Redox Couple (2005)

The selectivity of electroless Ni plating onto submicrometer-scaled Cu patterns less than in width was examined at using a plating solution containing Ti(III) ions as a reducing agent. The composition of the solution was , , citric acid (sodium salt, ), and nitrilotriacetic acid (sodium salt, ). A continuous and uniform Ni layer of about in thickness was found to be epitaxially deposited only on the patterned Cu area, suggesting that the plating method is applicable to a metallizing process for ultrafine devices. The reactions that occurred in the plating solution were discussed from a thermodynamic standpoint. The plating rate was strongly influenced by the immersion potential and pH of the solution. The reduction of water proceeded in the bulk of the plating solution, and this reaction was partially responsible for the lowering of pH and the depression of the plating. Using the stability constants for the -citrate and -nitrilotriacetate systems, we calculated the distribution of Ni(II) complexes in the solution with various concentrations of : the analytical composition was at . The concentration of affected the stability of the plating solution and the plating rate, since the abundances of Ni(II) complexes, i.e., , , and , depended on the concentration of ; the presence of , which is more stable than the others, depressed the nickel plating significantly.
Aluminum Complexes Incorporating Bulky Nitrogen and Sulfur Donor Ligands (1998)

The synthesis and structures of aluminum complexes incorporating bulky thioamidate (RC(NR‘)S-), thioureido (R‘HNC(NR‘)S-), and amidinate (RC(NR‘)2-) ligands are described. The reaction of AlMe3 with AdNCS (Ad = 1-adamantyl) affords the insertion product {MeC(NAd)S}AlMe2 (1), which binds 1 equiv of AlMe3 to generate {MeC(NAd)S}AlMe2·AlMe3 (2). The alkane elimination reaction of AlMe3 and N,N‘-disubstituted thiourea derivatives, (R‘HN)2CS, affords thioureido complexes {R‘HNC(NR‘)S}AlMe2 (3a, R‘ = Ad; 3b, R‘ = Ar = 2,6-iPr2−Ph). Carbodiimides, R‘NCNR‘, react with AlMe3 to afford acetamidinate compounds {MeC(NR‘)2}AlMe2 (4a, R‘ = Ad; 4b, R‘ = Ar). Sequential addition of tBuLi and AlX2Cl (X = Cl, Me) to R‘NCNR‘ affords pivamidinate compounds {tBuC(NR‘)2}AlCl2 (5b, R‘ = Ar) and {tBuC(NR‘)2}AlMe2 (6a, R‘ = Ad; 6b, R‘ = Ar). Complexes 1, 3a, 6a, and 6b have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Determination of Electron Trapping Parameters (1966)

A detailed investigation of different methods for determining electron trap parameters has been made on crystals of CdS-CdSe. The principal techniques involved are decay of photoconductivity and thermally stimulated conductivity (TSC). Direct evidence of a quasicontinuous trap distribution with total density of 5×1015 cm−3, trap depth range of 0.1–0.7 eV, and capture cross sections of the order of 10−16 cm2 is obtained, for which correct values of the parameters can be calculated from Fermi-level analysis of either decay or TSC data. In the same crystals a discrete trap level with density of 2×1014 cm−3, depth of 0.73 eV, and apparent cross section of 10−14 cm2 is also found. In spite of the large value of cross section derived from the freeing of trapped electrons, these traps exactly obey monomolecular kinetics. A temperature threshold at 180°K is found, below which it is not possible to fill these traps. Examination of a number of possibilities favors the proposal that these traps are characterized by a Coulomb-repulsive barrier.
Living Anionic Surface-Initiated Polymerization (LASIP) of Styrene from Clay Nanoparticles Using Surface Bound 1,1-Diphenylethylene (DPE) Initiators (2002)

Nanocomposite materials of clay nanoparticles and polystyrene were prepared using living anionic surface-initiated polymerization (LASIP). The montmorillonite clay surface and intergallery interfaces were intercalated with 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE), an organic cation and initiator derivative for anionic polymerization. Its intercalation was confirmed by a series of characterization methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed a complete replacement of the Na counterions by the charged initiators. LASIP was performed in a high-vacuum reaction setup for anionic polymerization using different styrene monomer/initiator ratios. A living anionic polymerization mechanism was determined from molecular weight (MW) data and the molecular weight distribution. A comparison of FT-IR, TGA, XPS, XRD, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data confirmed that polystyrene was indeed “grafted from” clay surfaces for these composite materials. The initiation efficiency was distinguished between surface- and intergallery interface-bound initiators.
Swimming of a waving plate (1961)

The purpose of this paper is to study the basic principle of fish propulsion. As a simplified model, the two-dimensional potential flow over a waving plate of finite chord is treated. The solid plate, assumed to be flexible and thin, is capable of performing the motion which consists of a progressing wave of given wavelength and phase velocity along the chord, the envelope of the wave train being an arbitrary function of the distance from the leading edge. The problem is solved by applying the general theory for oscillating deformable airfoils. The thrust, power required, and the energy imparted to the wake are calculated, and the propulsive efficiency is also evaluated. As a numerical example, the waving motion with linearly varying amplitude is carried out in detail. Finally, the basic mechanism of swimming is elucidated by applying the principle of action and reaction.
Biological Control of Olive Green Mold in <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> Cultivation (1983)

Successful methods to control the damaging weed mold Chaetomium olivaceum (olive green mold) in mushroom beds are not presently known. An attempt was made to control C. olivaceum by biological means. A thermophilic Bacillus sp. which showed dramatic activity against C. olivaceum on Trypticase soy agar (BBL Microbiology Systems)-0.4% yeast extract agar plates was isolated from commercial mushroom compost (phase I). When inoculated into conventional and hydroponic mushroom beds, the bacillus not only provided a significant degree of protection from C. olivaceum, but also increased yields of Agaricus bisporus.
High-throughput screening for analysis of in vitro toxicity (2009)

The influence of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies in the pharmaceutical industry during the last 10 years has been enormous. However, the attrition rate of drugs in the clinic due to toxicity during this period still remained 40-50%. The need for reduced toxicity failure led to the development of early toxicity screening assays. This chapter describes the state of the art for assays in the area of genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, induction of specific enzymes from phase I and II metabolism, competition assays for enzymes of phase I and II metabolism, embryotoxicity as well as endocrine disruption and reprotoxicity. With respect to genotoxicity, the full Ames, Ames II, Vitotox, GreenScreen GC, RadarScreen, and non-genotoxic carcinogenicity assays are discussed. For cytotoxicity, cellular proliferation, calcein uptake, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial activity, radical formation, glutathione depletion as well as apoptosis are described. For high-content screening (HCS), the possibilities for analysis of cytotoxicity, micronuclei, centrosome formation and phospholipidosis are examined. For embryotoxicity, endocrine disruption and reprotoxicity alternative assays are reviewed for fast track analysis by means of nuclear receptors and membrane receptors. Moreover, solutions for analyzing enzyme induction by activation of nuclear receptors, like AhR, CAR, PXR, PPAR, FXR, LXR, TR and RAR are given.
Mask-CNN: Localizing Parts and Selecting Descriptors for Fine-Grained Image Recognition (2016)

Fine-grained image recognition is a challenging computer vision problem, due to the small inter-class variations caused by highly similar subordinate categories, and the large intra-class variations in poses, scales and rotations. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end Mask-CNN model without the fully connected layers for fine-grained recognition. Based on the part annotations of fine-grained images, the proposed model consists of a fully convolutional network to both locate the discriminative parts (e.g., head and torso), and more importantly generate object/part masks for selecting useful and meaningful convolutional descriptors. After that, a four-stream Mask-CNN model is built for aggregating the selected object- and part-level descriptors simultaneously. The proposed Mask-CNN model has the smallest number of parameters, lowest feature dimensionality and highest recognition accuracy when compared with state-of-the-arts fine-grained approaches.
Cysteine desulfurase activity indicates a role for NIFS in metallocluster biosynthesis. (1993)

Biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by nitrogenase, a complex metalloenzyme composed of two separately purifiable component proteins encoded by the structural genes nifH, nifD, and nifK. Deletion of the Azotobacter vinelandii nifS gene lowers the activities of both nitrogenase component proteins. Because both nitrogenase component proteins have metallocluster prosthetic groups that are composed of iron- and sulfur-containing cores, this result indicated that the nifS gene product could be involved in the mobilization of the iron or sulfur required for metallocluster formation. In the present work, it is shown that NIFS is a pyridoxal phosphate-containing homodimer that catalyzes the formation of L-alanine and elemental sulfur by using L-cysteine as substrate. NIFS activity is extremely sensitive to thiol-specific alkylating reagents, which indicates the participation of a cysteinyl thiolate at the active site. Based on these results we propose that an enzyme-bound cysteinyl persulfide that requires the release of the sulfur from the substrate L-cysteine for its formation ultimately provides the inorganic sulfide required for nitrogenase metallocluster formation. The recent discovery of nifS-like genes in non-nitrogen-fixing organisms also raises the possibility that the reaction catalyzed by NIFS represents a universal mechanism that involves pyridoxal phosphate chemistry, in the mobilization of the sulfur required for metallocluster formation.
Surface Smoothing Mechanism of AlN Film by Initially Alternating Supply of Ammonia (2004)

A buffer technique that initially alternates supply of ammonia (IASA) is employed for AlN film growth on sapphire substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study reveals that step-flow-like growth morphology is achieved for the AlN film with the root-mean-square (rms) roughness as small as 0.336 nm. In contrast, the surface morphology of thick AlN film grown directly on sapphire substrate shows rough grainy feature with a large rms value of 28.9 nm. The mechanism leading to superior morphology by introducing IASA process is investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hot wet chemical etching and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Evidence is presented that their morphological differences are attributed to strain reduction and polarity inversion. The present work provides insight into the AlN epitaxial growth and indicates that IASA is an effective method to realize atomically smooth AlN film.
Epicatechin and its in vivo metabolite, 3′-O-methyl epicatechin, protect human fibroblasts from oxidative-stress-induced cell death involving caspase-3 activation (2001)

There is considerable current interest in the cytoprotective effects of natural antioxidants against oxidative stress. In particular, epicatechin, a major member of the flavanol family of polyphenols with powerful antioxidant properties in vitro, has been investigated to determine its ability to attenuate oxidative-stress-induced cell damage and to understand the mechanism of its protective action. We have induced oxidative stress in cultured human fibroblasts using hydrogen peroxide and examined the cellular responses in the form of mitochondrial function, cell-membrane damage, annexin-V binding and caspase-3 activation. Since one of the major metabolites of epicatechin in vivo is 3′-O-methyl epicatechin, we have compared its protective effects with that of epicatechin. The results provide the first evidence that 3′-O-methyl epicatechin inhibits cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide and that the mechanism involves suppression of caspase-3 activity as a marker for apoptosis. Furthermore, the protection elicited by 3′-O-methyl epicatechin is not significantly different from that of epicatechin, suggesting that hydrogen-donating antioxidant activity is not the primary mechanism of protection.
Nuevas estrategias de futuro para los medios impresos en busca de nuevas audiencias (2004)

The study concentrate on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from the leaves extract of Guiera senegalensis with focus on its; antiproliferation effect on prostate (PC3), breast (MCF7) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines, antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the degradation on 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and congo red dye (CR). The synthesized AgNps were characterized by FTIR, TEM, FESEM, XRD and EDX analysis. The EDS spectrum revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles (Nps) were composed of 55.45% Ag atoms of spherical shape with approximately 50nm size, identified from TEM and FESEM data. The antiproliferation effect of the AgNps varies with cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. The result showed that the AgNps were more effective on PC3 (IC<sub>50</sub> 23.48μg/mL) than MCF7 (29.25μg/mL) and HepG2 (33.25μg/mL) by the virtue of their IC<sub>50</sub> values. The AgNps were highly effective against E. coli and S. aureus by killing 99% colonies. The AgNps also shows a good catalytic reduction of the toxic organic pollutants in which only 3mg of the AgNps degraded 95% of both CR dye and 4-NP in 22 and 36min respectively. Therefore, the green synthesis of AgNps may have potential applications in pharmacology and industries for the treatment of cancers, bacterial infections and in degrading toxic organic pollutants in water.
West Nile Virus: Basic Principles, Replication Mechanism, Immune Response and Important Genetic Determinants of Virulence (2013)

West Nile Virus: Basic Principles, Replication Mechanism, Immune Response and Important Genetic Determinants of Virulence
Neuron-Specific Enolase and S100B in Cerebrospinal Fluid After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants and Children (2002)

Markers of neuronal and astroglial death are markedly increased in CSF after severe nTBI and iTBI. ITBI produces a unique time course of NSE, characterized by both an early and late peak, presumably representing 2 waves of neuronal death, the second of which may represent apoptosis. Delayed neuronal death may represent an important therapeutic target in iTBI. NSE and S100B may also be useful as markers to identify occult iTBI, help differentiate nTBI and iTBI, and assist in determining the time of injury in cases of iTBI.
Smelting-reduction of bauxite for sustainable alumina production (2016)

Bauxite ore is the main raw material for aluminum production, it is converted into alumina (Al2O3) to obtain a proper charge material for aluminum production in Hall-Heroult process. Bayer process is the main commercial alumina production method in which bauxite ore is first digested by NaOH at moderate hydrothermal conditions, followed by aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) precipitation from the obtained sodium aluminate solution. Calcination of the hydroxide to alumina yields a high purity alumina feedstock for aluminum production. One of the main by-products of the Bayer process is red mud, which is separated from the bauxite solution after digestion and contains a significant amount of iron oxide. Red mud is one of the most important disposal materials in the world with no commercial use. Alternative sustainable process for bauxite treatment to alumina is Pedersen process, which was patented in the 1920s. This process was run for 40 years on a commercial scale before it was closed down due to the high cost of the alumina produced. The Pedersen process is more sustainable compared to Bayer process regarding lower CO2 emission and energy consumption. In this process, iron (the main impurity in bauxite) is removed from the ore through a smelting reduction process, which yields pig iron and high alumina containing slag. The slag is further hydrothermally treated to alumina through an economical process. In the present study, the carbothermic reduction of bauxite is studied at elevated temperatures through experimental work with lime addition as the flux. The effect of process temperature, slag chemistry, and type of carbon material on iron removal is studied. Moreover, the distribution of the elements such as Si, Ti, Al, Ca, Mn, and so forth is investigated under different process conditions. The chemical, physical, and microstructural properties of the produced slags are also studied.