gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photophysical Properties of Coumarin-30 Dye in Aprotic and Protic Solvents of Varying Polarities¶ (2004)

Experimental results on various photophysical properties of coumarin-30 (C30) dye, namely, Stokes' shift (Deltanu), fluorescence quantum yield (Phi(f)), fluorescence lifetime (tau(f)), radiative rate constant (k(f)) and nonradiative rate constant (k(nr)), as obtained using absorption and fluorescence measurements have been reported. Though in most of the solvents the properties of C30 show more or less linear correlation with the solvent polarity function, Deltaf = [(epsilon - 1)/(2epsilon + 1) - (n(2) - 1)/(2n(2) + 1)], they show unusual deviations in nonpolar solvents at one end and in high-polarity protic solvents at the other end. From the solvent polarity and temperature effect on the photophysical properties of the dye, following inferences have been drawn: (1) in nonpolar solvents, the dye exists in a nonpolar structure, where its 7-NEt(2) substituent adopts a pyramidal configuration and the amino lone pair is out of resonance with the benzopyrone pi cloud; (2) in medium to higher polarity solvents, the dye exists in a polar intramolecular charge transfer structure, where the 7-NEt(2) group and the 1,2-benzopyrone moiety are in the same plane and the amino lone pair is in resonance with the benzopyrone pi cloud; (3) in protic solvents, the dye-solvent intermolecular hydrogen bonding influences the photophysical properties of the dye; and (4) in high-polarity protic solvents, the excited C30 undergoes a new activation-controlled nonradiative deexcitation process because of the involvement of a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state. Contrary to most other TICT molecules, the activation barrier for this deexcitation process in C30 is observed to increase with solvent polarity. A rational for this unusual behavior has been given on the basis of the solvent polarity-dependent stabilization and crossing of relevant electronic states and the relative propensity of interconversion among these states.
Update on the pathogenesis and treatment of systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

Anakinra, monoclonal antibody to interleukin-6 receptor, and thalidomide each have led to significant clinical improvement with fewer side effects than resulted when corticosteroids were the mainstay of therapy.
Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles supported on zinc oxide via the deposition-precipitation method (2010)

Gold nanoparticles supported on zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized at several pH levels via the deposition-precipitation (DP) method. The effects of pH on gold loading, particle size, and particle size distribution on the support were studied at the iso-electric point (IEP) as well as below and above the IEP of ZnO. The addition of the support significantly changed the pH of the solution. The effects of adjusting the pH before and after the addition of the support into the gold chloride solution were also investigated. Gold particles with diameters of less than 5 nm were obtained. The results revealed that gold loading depends on the pH, while gold particle size and distribution are independent of pH adjustment. Structural and elemental characterizations of the gold nanorods were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis).
Efficacy of titanium dioxide compounds in preventing environmental contamination by meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (2013)

This study examined the efficacy of photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) coating in reducing environmental MRSA contamination via a cross-sectional observational study in a tertiary hospital. This involved using environmental samplings of TiO 2 treated and TiO 2 untreated surfaces from single rooms in intensive care unit, open-planned intermediate care area and general ward. Planned scheduled sampling occurred up to 24 months post TiO 2 treatment. Ad hoc sampling of MRSA exposed environment occurred whenever MRSA infected or colonized patient was admitted for >48 hours. Efficacy of TiO 2 in preventing environmental contamination was computed. Culture positive rates were compared between treated and untreated surfaces, and planned and ad hoc sampling. 698 samples were obtained. Samples from untreated surfaces and ad hoc samples were more likely to be culture positive (for MRSA and other bacteria) [untreated versus treated surfaces: odds ratio (OR) 2.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25 – 6.94, p=0.01; ad hoc sampling post MRSA exposure versus planned sampling: OR 4.52, 95% CI 2.131 – 9.615, p< 0.001)] . Multivariate analysis suggests only MRSA exposure influenced positive cultures. TiO 2 did not influence positive culture results. More research is needed to evaluate the relative lack of TiO 2 efficacy in preventing contamination.
Akaeolide, a Carbocyclic Polyketide from Marine-Derived <i>Streptomyces</i> (2013)

Akaeolide, a novel polycyclic polyketide, was isolated from the culture extract of a marine-derived actinomycete belonging to the genus Streptomyces. The planar structure of the new compound was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including NMR and MS, and the absolute configuration was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis of its chlorinated derivative. Akaeolide possesses a 15-membered carbocyclic framework, apparently derived from the malonate pathway, with a tetrahydrofuran ring and a β-keto-δ-lactone unit.
A review on electrically conductive polypropylene and polyethylene (2013)

Conductive plastics are new generation functional materials with potential application in electronics, space and aviation industries. Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) being most common, widely available and cheapest thermoplastic, if made conductive, can be revolutionary in the field of engineering thermoplastics. The article deals with the fabrication of electrically conductive PP and PE for electromagnetic interference/radio frequency (EMI/RF) shielding applications and protection against electrostatic discharge (ESD). It reviews different fillers used by researchers to fabricate conductive PP and PE, several factors that affect the electrical conductivity of thermoplastic composites and various processing methods that can be adopted to prepare such composites. It exhaustively covers the preparation of such conductive composites, the processing methods involved therein, and the electrical properties of the end material. Emphasis has been given to comprehend the percolation threshold and means to reduce the latter in order to achieve high electrical conductivity in PP‐ and PE‐based composites at relatively low filler loading. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:900–914, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Clinical, genetic, and therapeutic insights into systemic mast cell disease (2003)

A partial molecular classification of mast cell disease is now possible; Asp816Val c-kit+, FIP1L1-PDGFRA+, and molecularly undefined cases. Such molecular classification is therapeutically relevant.
Architecting Three-Dimensional Networks in Carbon Nanotube Buckypapers for Thermal Interface Materials (2012)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) buckypaper, which has large specific surface area and tunable network structures, shows great potential in the application of heat dissipation for high power electronic devices. In this article, we report that the heat conduction in a buckypaper depends greatly on CNT network formation, in which CNT structures, lengths, and orientations are important issues. The buckypaper composed of multiwalled CNTs with large diameter (around 50 nm) and suitable length (1–10 μm) shows lower thermal impedance compared with those made by longer CNTs with smaller diameter. The thermal impedance of such buckypapers can be reduced to 0.27 cm2·K/W, lower than that of commercialized graphite foil and thermal grease. Thus, the buckypaper may serve as a promising candidate for advanced thermal interface materials. Detailed structural characterization indicates that the three-dimensional networks of buckypapers, with CNT orientations perpendicular to the surfaces, result in both the reduction of thermal contact resistance and the enhancement of heat conduction along the thickness.
Depolarization and cross polarization in ellipsometry of rough surfaces (1986)

In ellipsometry of rough surfaces, the commonly used parameters, psi and delta, are insufficient to characterize completely the changes in polarization state which occur when light is reflected from a rough surface. When an experimentally determined Mueller matrix is available, parameters indicative of depolarization, cross polarization, and change in ellipticity can be found. When the Mueller matrix is regarded as an operator mapping input polarization states depicted on a Poincaré sphere to output states in a similar coordinate system, these new parameters can be illustrated in terms of their effects on the Poincaré sphere. The depolarization and cross polarization parameters correlate with specimen roughness and reflectance.
Effect of pesticide mixtures on the predatory mite <i>Phytoseiulus persimilis</i> A.H. (Acarina, Phytoseiidae) in the laboratory (2001)

The acaricide hexythiazox (Acorit ® SC, 100 g a.i.l –1 ), the fungicide triadimefon (Bayleton spezial ® WG, 52 g a.i.kg –1 ) and the insecticide heptenophos (Hostaquick ® EC, 550 g a.i.l –1 ), were tested in the laboratory for their side‐effects on the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis A.H. The pesticides were either applied separately at a range of concentrations or in admixture to detached bean leaves using a Potter Tower to deposit 2 mg spray solution per cm 2 . No significant differences in the mean mortality rate of the phytoseiid or in the mean reproduction per female was found between the different treatments. Total effect values ranged from 5.4 to 38.7% after separate application of the test products and from 8.9 to 25.5% after treatment with the various pesticide mixtures.
Robust periodic planning and execution for autonomous spacecraft (1997)

The New Millennium Remote Agent (NMRA) will be the first on-board AI system to control an actual spacecraft. The spacecraft domain raises a number of challenges for planning and execution, ranging from extended agency and long-term planning to dynamic recoveries and robust concurrent execution, all in the presence of tight real-time deadlines, changing goals, scarce resource constraints, and a wide variety of possible failures. NMRA is one of the first systems to integrate closed-loop planning and execution of concurrent temporal plans. It is also the first autonomous system that will be able to achieve a sustained, multi-stage, multiyear mission without communication or guidance from earth. 1 Introduction We are developing the first on-board AI system to control an actual spacecraft. The mission, Deep Space One (DS-1), is the first in NASA&apos;s New Millennium Program (NMP), an aggressive series of technology demonstrations intended to push Space Exploration into the 21st century. DS-1 ...
Different responses of human marrow and circulating erythroid progenitors to stem cell factor, interleukin-3 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. (1993)

The effects of recombinant human stem cell factor (SCF/c-kit ligand), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on erythroid colony formation by non-phagocytic mononuclear cells (MNC) and CD34+ cells derived from normal human bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB) and umbilical cord blood (CB) were studied using a methylcellulose culture containing recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo). BM-MNC generated the largest number of total erythroid colonies consisting of erythroid bursts and erythroid mixed colonies (E-Mix) in the presence of SCF, whereas PB-MNC produced the largest number with IL-3. No additive effect between SCF and IL-3 was observed in the erythroid colony formation by BM- or PB-MNC. These observations were reproducible in cultures with several independent samples and purified CD34+ cells, suggesting that in normal human adults the erythroid progenitors supported by SCF alone mainly reside in the BM but those supported by IL-3 alone are mainly circulating. IL-3 was the most potent promoter of the total erythroid colony formation by CB-MNC, but it had no cooperation with SCF. In contrast, SCF supported large numbers of E-Mix and showed significant cooperative activity with IL-3 in E-Mix formation. These findings were also confirmed using independent specimens and CD34+ cells. Outstanding E-Mix formation by the CB cells indicated that newborn infants contain significantly more immature circulating erythroid progenitors than adults. These observations will stimulate interest in the role of the c-kit-SCF system as an adhesion molecule in the ontogenetic development of hemopoiesis.
Issues and Problems in the Current Development of Vocational Education in China (2013)

Chinese vocational education is currently in its most optimal development period in history. This article discusses several challenges of different dimensions faced by vocational education in China as it develops, such as scale versus quality, development goals, a lifelong vocational education system, and creating model institutions; and puts forward a number of policy recommendations.
In Vivo Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer with Fluorescent Proteins in Mouse Models (2012)

In this chapter, we describe protocols for clinically-relevant, metastatic orthotopic mouse models of pancreatic cancer, made imageable with genetic reporters. These models utilize human pancreatic-cancer cell lines which have been genetically engineered to selectively express high levels of green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent protein (RFP). Tumors with fluorescent genetic reporters are established subcutaneously in nude mice by injection of the GFP- or RFP-expressing pancreatic cancer cell lines, and fragments of the subcutaneous tumors are then surgically transplanted onto the pancreas of additional nude mice. Loco-regional tumor growth and distant metastasis of these orthotopic tumors occurs spontaneously and rapidly throughout the abdomen in a manner consistent with clinical human disease. Highly-specific, high-resolution, real-time quantitative fluorescence imaging of tumor growth, and metastasis is achieved in vivo without the need for contrast agents, invasive techniques, or expensive imaging equipment. Transplantation of RFP-expressing tumor fragments onto the pancreas of GFP- or cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-expressing transgenic nude mice was used to facilitate visualization of tumor-host interaction between the pancreatic cancer cells and host-derived stroma and vasculature. Such in vivo models have enabled us to visualize in real time and acquire images of the progression of pancreatic cancer in the live animal. These models can demonstrate the real-time antitumor and antimetastatic effects of novel therapeutic strategies on pancreatic malignancy. These fluorescent models are therefore powerful and reliable tools with which to investigate metastatic human pancreatic cancer and novel therapeutic strategies directed against it.
Role of atomic oxygen produced by an electron cyclotron resonance plasma in the oxidation of YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> thin films studied by <i>i</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i> resistivity measurement (1990)

I n situ resistivity measurements have been performed to monitor the effect of activated oxygen (atomic oxygen, oxygen ions) on films subjected to an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) oxygen plasma. The resistivity of c-axis and mixed a+c oriented YBa2Cu3O7−x films, which were deposited in situ by 90° off-axis magnetron sputtering, was measured as a function of time in an ECR oxygen plasma. The resistivity of a film in the plasma corresponds to that found in the same film subjected to higher oxygen pressure when no plasma is present. The resistivity is shown to be determined by the flux of atomic oxygen. The steady-state concentration in the film is found to depend on the kinetics of oxygen dissociation at the film surface. From the temperature dependence of the activity of atomic oxygen, we determined the activation energy for the decomposition of O2 at the surface of films with mixed a+c axis orientation and c-axis orientation to be ∼1.3 eV and ∼2.1 eV, respectively. It is proposed that in the presence of atomic oxygen, the phase diagram of oxygen content versus temperature of YBa2Cu3O7−x is changed in a way that depends on the atomic oxygen flux.
Human Resistin Gene: Molecular Scanning and Evaluation of Association with Insulin Sensitivity and Type 2 Diabetes in Caucasians (2002)

Insulin resistance is strongly associated with obesity, but even among obese subjects insulin sensitivity varies widely. Recently, a new adipocyte hormone, resistin, was identified, shown to reduce insulin-mediated glucose uptake, and shown to be increased in obese mice. We used the chromosome 19 draft sequence to determine the genomic structure of human resistin and to screen the exons, introns, and flanking sequences for variation. We screened 44 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 20 nondiabetic family members who were at the extremes of insulin sensitivity. We identified eight noncoding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one GAT microsatellite repeat. Three SNPs, which were in incomplete linkage disequilibrium with each other and had allelic frequencies exceeding 5%, were selected for further study. No SNP was associated with type 2 diabetes, but the SNP in the promoter region was a significant determinant of insulin sensitivity index (P = 0.04) among nondiabetic family members who had undergone iv glucose tolerance tests. The three common SNPs showed statistical significance as determinants of insulin sensitivity index (P < 0.01) in interaction with body mass index. Noncoding SNPs in the resistin gene may influence insulin sensitivity in interaction with obesity, but this finding will need to be confirmed in other populations.
Mitochondria‐bound hexokinase as target for therapy of malignant gliomas (1995)

Hexokinase plays an important role in glucose-utilizing tissues like normal brain and cancers. In these tissues, hexokinase (HK) is mainly bound to mitochondria (mHK). Our objectives were to evaluate total HK (tHK) activity and mHK fraction in gliomas and to determine whether mHK binding could be targeted for therapy. Tumors were obtained from 26 patients and 13 were xenografted. HK, lactate and ATP were measured in cytosol and mitochondria extracts. The tHK expressed in mU/mg protein were 147 +/- 19 and 78 +/- 12, in fresh gliomas and xenografts, respectively, and of 489 in the normal brain. The mHK fraction was 76% in normal brain, 74 +/- 4% in fresh tumors and 53 +/- 6% in xenografts. Lactate/mHK ratios were higher in gliomas than in normal brain. The ATP was 10, 52 +/- 31 and 19 +/- 8 nmol/mg protein in normal brain, xenografts and fresh gliomas respectively. Loss of one copy of chromosome 10 which carries the HK1 gene, was evidenced in 11 of the 13 xenografted gliomas. The anti-tumor effect of lonidamine (LND), which affects glycolysis in interfering with mHK activity, was tested in nude mice bearing 4 gliomas. LND (125 mg/kg, given i.p., twice daily for 5 days) led to a growth inhibition of TG-7-RO of 72%, with 2-fold growth retardation, and had no effect for TG-8-OZ. Intermediate LND-sensitivities for TG-11-DU and TG-10-PY were noted. The LND-sensitivity was correlated with the mHK activity (R2 = 0.73) and mHK fraction (R2 = 0.88). HK binding to mitochondria is a key of glycolysis in malignant gliomas, and targetting this binding with appropriate agents could be an effective therapeutic approach.
An interactive image mining tool handling gigapixel images (2011)

Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite images are products which are very useful for assessing humanitarian situations following a disaster or a crisis. When disaster or conflict hits, generally several square kilometers on Earth surface are involved. Having a high resolution and an extended surface, the scenes, from which the information is extracted, become huge in the number of pixels. Built-up structures are the first visible objects from these images which give information about the situation. In this paper, an interactive image mining paradigm is presented for detecting structures of interest in gigapixel images. The proposed approach is tested for refugee tents detection in submetric panchromatic image.
Synthesis of Ceramide Analogues Having the C(4)−C(5) Bond of the Long-Chain Base as Part of an Aromatic or Heteroaromatic System (2000)

Two efficient and stereoselective methods are described for the preparation of aryl and heteroaryl ceramide analogues 2 and 3. The first route involves the addition of an aryllithium or a heteroaryllithium reagent (7a or 25a, respectively) to the L-serine-derived aldehyde 4, followed by hydrolysis of the oxazolidine, liberation of the amino group, and N-acylation. The second route, which was used to prepare arylceramide analogue 2 in eight steps and 28% overall yield starting with 3-bromobenzaldehyde, utilizes a Heck reaction to afford (E)-alpha,beta-unsaturated ester 16, then osmium-catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation for the introduction of the desired chirality at C-2 and C-3. Regioselective alpha-azidation of alpha-O-nosyl-beta-hydroxyester 18 with sodium azide, followed by LiAlH(4) reduction of the azido and ester groups and N-acylation, complete the synthesis of arylceramide analogue 2.
Temporal neutrophil polarization following myocardial infarction (2016)

This study is the first to identify the existence of N1 and N2 neutrophils in the infarct region and reveals that N1 polarization could be mediated by DAMPs.
<title>Achieving subword parallelism by software reuse of the floating-point data path</title> (1997)

Many increasingly important applications, such as video compression, graphics, or other multimedia applications, require only 8 or 16 bit data words. Using the full 64 bit data path available in most computers to perform these low- precision calculations is an inefficient use of resources. Many manufacturers have addressed this problem by introducing new instructions that allow the packing of subword quantities into a full data word. This paper presents a new software-only technique that accomplishes this same objective by packing subword integer quantities into a double precision floating point word. This technique works even in machines that have not been specially modified with new multimedia instructions. While the idea of packing subword integer quantities into a larger integer data word has been proposed before, this technique is unique in packing integer subwords into a single floating point word with a shared exponent. The traditional floating point arithmetic operations of add, subtract, and multiply are used to pack and unpack the subword quantities. Therefore, the algorithm will work on any machine that supports the IEEE double precision floating point arithmetic standard with no machine-specific code required. Furthermore, the methodology can be implemented in a high-level language such as C. In this paper we describe this technique in general and then demonstrate its validity by implementing it in a public domain mpeg decoder application, mpeg_play distributed by the Berkeley Plateau Multimedia Research Group. We achieved an average speed-up of 13.8%. While there is some degradation in quality because calculations are carried out with lower precision, there is no noticeable difference in image appearance. A quantitative comparison of the image quality is presented.