gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Calibrating Infrared Thermometer for Low-Temperature Measurement (2011)

This paper presents a self-calibration technique for the removal of measurement errors caused by thermal gradients in thermopile-based infrared thermometry, particularly when measuring low temperatures. Applications for this self-calibration method include low-temperature measurement in the food industry and infrared thermometers for remote temperature monitoring in cold climates. The self-calibration technique reported in this paper is shown to reduce the measurement error to within ±1°C within 5 s of an extreme thermal shock, compared with an uncompensated thermometer that does not recover until the thermal gradient is removed. The root-mean-square temperature noise for the duration of the thermal shock test is less than 0.2°C. This technique is the subject of a patent application and can be applied to any infrared thermometer utilizing a thermopile, regardless of the thermopile size and geometry.
Current concepts of the growth of ovarian follicles. (1973)

Certain aspects of ovarian physiology are discussed. In the human colonization of the fetal ovary with primordial germ cells occurs over a period of 3 months or more with distinct gradients in the differentiation of oocytes. Recent studies indicate that there may be some intraovarian control of the growth of primordial follicles exerted through the suppressive effects of graafian follicles. only a relatively few follicles reach the stage of the early graafian follicle. The combined action of FSH and LH gives superior growth at all stages of development of the follicles. Their importance during later follicular growth has been recognized in the development of oral contraceptives. It is believed that suppression of ovulation occurs because the steroids prevent the LH surge. Rapid modifications in the biochemistry of the follicular cells and oocytes which occur as follicles approach ovulation involve the prostaglandins cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and certain enzymes. 1 enzyme found in animal follicles during their final stages of preovulatory growth resembles collagenase and seems to be concerned with the rupture of the follicle. Knowlege of human ovulation is still primitive and it is hoped that data obtained in animal studies will aid in the understanding of the changes which take place in the human follicle. No firm evidence has yet been found which shows that luteolysis in women is induced by prostaglandins or other compounds which indicates that the inherent life of the corpus luteum may be instrumental in determining the duration of the luteal phase of the cycle. This has led to the idea of a pelvic rather than a hypothalamic clock to control the menstrual cycle.
Transition layers at the SiO2∕SiC interface (2008)

The electrical performance of SiC-based microelectronic devices is strongly affected by the densities of interfacial traps introduced by the chemical and structural changes at the SiO2∕SiC interface during processing. We analyzed the structure and chemistry of this interface for the thermally grown SiO2∕4H-SiC heterostructure using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Z-contrast scanning TEM, and spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The analyses revealed the presence of distinct layers, several nanometers thick, on each side of the interface; additionally, partial amorphization of the top SiC surface was observed. These interfacial layers were attributed to the formation of a ternary Si–C–O phase during thermal oxidation.
Determination of platinum and palladium in blood and urine by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of platinum and palladium in blood and urine by flameless atomic absorption spectrometryAntrim H. JonesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 11, 1472–1474Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50005a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50005a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HIV-1 protease-induced apoptosis (2014)

In summary, our results describe the involvement of HIV-1 PR in apoptosis, which is caused either by a direct effect of HIV-1 PR on mitochondrial membrane integrity or by its interaction with cellular protein BCA3.
Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP plays a critical role in bacterial invasion during fatal rickettsioses (2013)

Rickettsiae are responsible for some of the most devastating human infections. A high infectivity and severe illness after inhalation make some rickettsiae bioterrorism threats. We report that deletion of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) gene, Epac1, in mice protects them from an ordinarily lethal dose of rickettsiae. Inhibition of Epac1 suppresses bacterial adhesion and invasion. Most importantly, pharmacological inhibition of Epac1 in vivo using an Epac-specific small-molecule inhibitor, ESI-09, completely recapitulates the Epac1 knockout phenotype. ESI-09 treatment dramatically decreases the morbidity and mortality associated with fatal spotted fever rickettsiosis. Our results demonstrate that Epac1-mediated signaling represents a mechanism for host-pathogen interactions and that Epac1 is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of fatal rickettsioses.
Studies on sulfinatodehalogenation: IV. The sulfinatodebromination of primary perfluoroalkyl bromides and perfluoroalkylene α, ω-dibromides (1986)

Using PTC or cosolvent, both perfluoroalkyl bromides such as Br (CF2)2O(CF2)2SO2Na (1), Br(CF2)2OCF2CO2H (2), Cl(CF2)4Br (3), Cl(CF2Br (4), n-C6F13Br (5), n-C8F17Br (6), H(CF2)8Br (7), α, ω-dibromides O(CF2CF2Br)2 (8), Br(CF2)6Br (9) and Br(CF2)8Br (10) reacted readily with Na2S2O4 in the presence of NaHCO3 in aqueous solution to form the corresponding perfluoroalkane sulfinates NaO2S(CF2)2O(CF2)2SO2Na (11), NaO2S(CF2)2OCF2CO2Na (12), Cl(CF2)4SO2Na (13), Cl(CF2)2SO2Na (14), n-C3F13SO2Na (15), n-C8F17SO2Na (16), H(CF2)8SO2Na (17), α, ω-disulfinates O(CF2CF2SO2Na)2 (18), NaO2S(CF2)4SO2Na (19) and NaO2S(CF2)8SO2Na (20) in 66—97% yields. To this new and general reaction of perfluoroalkyl bromides, the name sulfinatodebromination is proposed.
Three new genome assemblies support a rapid radiation in Musa acuminata (wild banana) (2018)

Edible bananas result from interspecific hybridization between Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana, as well as among subspecies in M. acuminata. Four particular M. acuminata subspecies have been proposed as the main contributors of edible bananas, all of which radiated in a short period of time in southeastern Asia. Clarifying the evolution of these lineages at a whole-genome scale is therefore an important step toward understanding the domestication and diversification of this crop. This study reports the de novo genome assembly and gene annotation of a representative genotype from three different subspecies of M. acuminata. These data are combined with the previously published genome of the fourth subspecies to investigate phylogenetic relationships. Analyses of shared and unique gene families reveal that the four subspecies are quite homogenous, with a core genome representing at least 50% of all genes and very few M. acuminata species-specific gene families. Multiple alignments indicate high sequence identity between homologous single copy-genes, supporting the close relationships of these lineages. Interestingly, phylogenomic analyses demonstrate high levels of gene tree discordance, due to both incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. This pattern suggests rapid radiation within Musa acuminata subspecies that occurred after the divergence with M. balbisiana. Introgression between M. a. ssp. malaccensis and M. a. ssp. burmannica was detected across the genome, though multiple approaches to resolve the subspecies tree converged on the same topology. To support evolutionary and functional analyses, we introduce the PanMusa database, which enables researchers to exploration of individual gene families and trees.
Performance Degradation, Polymer Encapsulant Degradation, and Estimating Lifetimes for Photovoltaic Modules from Accelerated Testing (1996)

The purposes of this paper are to provide background information about encapsulants for photovoltaic (PV) modules and to evaluate estimates of the durability of different materials used in PV modules. We summarize field-deployed module degradation in performance, the established degradation mechanisms of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, and potential degradation mechanisms in other module components and at materials interfaces. Most of the emphasis is on estimates for the commercially used EVA formulations A9918 and 15295. These formulations have degraded in field-deployed modules to produce acetic acid and a yellow to brown color from polyenes and the module efficiencies have been reduced by 10% to 70% in 4 to 12 years. Yet, projections were made by several different research groups in the 1980s that the EVA lifetime could range from 20 to 100 years, the production of acetic acid would only be 0.006% in 20 years, and that silver metallization would survive attack from acetic acid for 300 years at 55°C. Those authors did not use appropriate variables or specimen configurations that simulate reality, and based their projections using the generalization that chemical reaction rates double for every 10°C increase in T. We review the inherent errors in their assumptions about the Arrhenius relation. We also show how degradation in efficiency (from current-voltage data) comparable to field experience is obtained using minimodules with a construction that simulates reality and by using appropriate variables in accelerated testing, i.e., UV, T, and RH. A test protocol is outlined that simulates reality and permits making suitable service lifetime projections.
<title>Incorporation of piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> fibers into ceramic/polymer composites</title> (1996)

The processing of Pb(Zr,Ti)O<SUB>3</SUB>, or PZT, fiber and fiber/polymer composites for transducer applications is discussed. Green PZT fibers, 80 to 100 micrometers in diameter, were formed at Advanced Cerametrics, Inc., using the Viscous Suspension Spinning Process (VSSP). In this process, fine PZT powder is intimately mixed with polymer precursor by high shear mixing. The powder and precursor mixture is spun through a spinneret into a coagulation bath to form fibers. The fibers are washed, dried, and collected on a spool. Yarns containing between 10 and 500 individual fibers were collimated by applying a polymeric sizing to the yarns, and passing the yarns through sizing dies. Yarn bundle tightness and flexibility were controlled by the sizing chemistry. Continuous green yarns were cut to short lengths, or woven in different architectures to create composites with novel microstructures. The short yarns were fired to product PZT straight rods for `pick and place' piezoelectric composites. The woven structures were heat treated and backfilled with polymer to create composites with 1-3, 2-3, and 3-3 connectivity. After heat treatment, the diameter of the individual PZT fibers was 10 to 20 micrometers . Electromechanical characteristics of a number of composites were determined, and will be reported. The PZT VSSP fibers can be used to form fine-scale, large area piezoelectric fiber/polymer composites for use in hydrophones, transducers for medical ultrasonic imaging and non-destructive evaluation, and as sensors and actuators in vibration and noise control.
Protein Kinases as Targets for Antiparasitic Chemotherapy Drugs (2007)

Parasitic protozoa infecting humans have a great impact on public health, especially in the developing countries. In many instances, the parasites have developed resistance against available chemotherapeutic agents, making the search for alternative drugs a priority. In line with the current interest in Protein Kinase (PK) inhibitors as potential drugs against a variety of diseases, the possibility that PKs may represent targets for novel anti-parasitic agents is being explored. Research into parasite PKs has benefited greatly from genome and EST sequencing projects, with the genomes from a few species fully sequenced (notably that from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum) and several more under way, the structural features that are important to design specific inhibitors against these PKs will be reviewed in the present work.
Development of Multilayered Bandpass Filters With Multiple Transmission Zeros Using Open-Stub/Short-Stub/Serial Semilumped Resonators (2010)

This paper proposes novel multilayered bandpass filters with multiple transmission zeros. These filters are developed with the assistance of semilumped resonators. Moreover, three resonant structures, i.e., open-stub, short-stub, and serial semilumped resonators, used for transmission zeros are provided as well. The fabricated examples are in agreement with theoretical predictions; therefore, our proposed circuits are validated.
A comparison of unfiltered and filtered complex spreading sequences based on aperiodic correlation properties (2002)

This paper presents an overview and comparison of some of the known families of polyphase sequences for direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) communication systems. A comparison between Zadoff and Chu (Frank and Zadoff 1962; Chu 1972) (ZC), Opperman and Vucetic (1997) (OV), and constant-envelope root-of-unity (CE-RU) filtered generalized chirp-like sequences is presented including the special class of analytical bandlimited complex (ABC) spreading sequences. The comparison is based on aperiodic correlation characteristics rather than traditionally discussed parameters like periodic, even, and odd correlations. The emphasis is based on practical considerations rather than rigorous mathematical derivation as found in literature. This paper is unique in the sense that it also presents the effects of filtering on polyphase sequences by using proper filtering methods.
Resolving the complex conjugate ambiguity in Fourier-domain OCT by harmonic lock-in detection of the spectral interferogram (2006)

A method of resolving the complex conjugate ambiguity in Fourier-domain OCT is described. The complex differential spectral interferogram is obtained by simultaneous acquisition of the first and second harmonics of the ac component of the phase-modulated interferogram. The harmonics represent the imaginary and real parts of the interferogram, respectively. The complex conjugate rejection ratio is found to be at least 45 dB and is limited by background noise.
Role of Boron in the Polymer Chemistry and Photophysical Properties of Difluoroboron−Dibenzoylmethane Polylactide (2009)

Difluoroboron β-diketonate−polymer conjugates have remarkable solid-state luminescent properties that are useful in a variety of fields including multiphoton microscopy, cell biology, and tumor hypoxia imaging. Despite the successful applications of these systems, the role of boron in these polymeric materials has not been thoroughly investigated. Here we explore a boron-free model system with dibenzoylmethane chromophores in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for comparison. The hydroxyl-functionalized aromatic diketone, dibenzoylmethane (dbmOH), is weakly fluorescent in the solid state and nonfluorescent in solution while its difluoroboron complex (BF2dbmOH) is highly emissive in both states. Using dbmOH and BF2dbmOH as initiators, well-defined end-functionalized polylactides, dbmPLA and BF2dbmPLA, were obtained via tin-catalyzed controlled ring-opening polymerization. Boronation of the dbmOH initiator affects the polymerization kinetics and the photophysical properties of the resulting BF2dbmPLA material. Both dbmPLA and BF2dbmPLA are dual emissive in the solid state, exhibiting both fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), whereas only BF2dbmPLA is luminescent in solution. These results suggest that boron plays two roles: (1) as a protecting group in the polymerization and (2) as an emission enhancer. Finally, the presence of dual emission for both polymers indicates that it may be the diketone core structure rather than the difluoroboron that is essential for RTP in a rigid PLA matrix.
Specific targeting of protein–DNA complexes by dna-reactive drugs (+)-CC-1065 and pluramycins (1996)

To gain insight into the interactions between transcriptional factor proteins and DNA, the DNA-reactive drugs (+)-CC-1065 and pluramycin were used to target specific protein-DNA complexes. The structural features of the complex between the transcriptional activator Sp1 and the 21-base-pair repeat of the early promoter region of SV40 DNA were examined using hydroxyl-radical footprinting; (+)-CC-1065, a sequence-specific minor groove bending probe; and circularization experiments. The results show that the 21-base-pair repeat region has an intrinsically in-phase bent structure that is stabilized upon saturation Sp1 binding by protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions to produce a looping structure. The intercalating drug pluramycin was used to probe the structural details of the interaction between the TATA binding protein (TBP) and the TATA box DNA sequence. TBP, which directs initiation of RNA transcription, exhibits two-fold symmetry and apparently interacts with the TATA box in a symmetrical fashion. However, the interaction results in an asymmetric effect, in that transcription is initiated only in the downstream direction. Using pluramycin as a probe, it was determined that TBP binding to the human myoglobin TATA sequences enhances pluramycin reactivity at a site immediately downstream of the TATA box. The implications on transcriptional control of ternary complexes comprised of transcriptional factors, DNA, and DNA-reactive compounds will be presented.
Tikhonov regularization and prior information in electrical impedance tomography (1998)

The solution of impedance distribution in electrical impedance tomography is a nonlinear inverse problem that requires the use of a regularization method. The generalized Tikhonov regularization methods have been popular in the solution of many inverse problems. The regularization matrices that are usually used with the Tikhonov method are more or less ad hoc and the implicit prior assumptions are, thus, in many cases inappropriate. In this paper, we propose an approach to the construction of the regularization matrix that conforms to the prior assumptions on the impedance distribution. The approach is based on the construction of an approximating subspace for the expected impedance distributions. It is shown by simulations that the reconstructions obtained with the proposed method are better than with two other schemes of the same type when the prior is compatible with the true object. On the other hand, when the prior is incompatible with the true object, the method will still give reasonable estimates.
A virtual machine time-sharing system (1970)

Time-sharing systems are now an important factor in the computer industry. Because they allow a multiplicity of users to have access to a computer by means of a terminal, they encourage increasing numbers of people to utilize computers. Thus, various ways of increasing the capability of a computer in this area are being sought. One such system is the Control Program-67/Cambridge Monitor System (CP-67/CMS), a multi-access system that manages the resources of a computer set up for time-sharing such that each (remote) user appears to have a complete, dedicated computer at his disposal. This concept is known as a virtual machine and allows each user to select the operating system he wishes to run because concurrent operation of several operating systems is possible.
Cutaneous IgE‐mediated inflammatory lesion size is inhibited by an H<sub>1</sub> antagonist (terfenadine) while mediator release is unaffected <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (1993)

We are interested in understanding the pathogenesis of the cutaneous IgE-mediated late phase reaction. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over study with 10 subjects of the effect of the non-sedating antihistamine, terfenadine (Selddane), on the cutaneous reaction to antigen (ragweed or mixed grass) administered intradermally and over denuded blister bases was performed. The activity of terfenadine on anti-IgE-induced mediator release from the skin mast cell, lung mast cell and basophil was also examined in vitro. Terfenadine significantly inhibited the size of the cutaneous reaction at every hour between hours 1 and 9 (hr 9, control 2250 +/- 500 mm2 vs drug 1250 +/- 250 mm2, P < 0.01, n = 10) and showed some inhibitory effect at hours 10-12. While terfenadine blocks histamine release after nasal antigen challenge the release of mediators at skin blister sites was unaffected. The infiltration of leucocytes into the blister supernatant was unaffected by terfenadine although previous studies have shown significant inhibition with another antihistamine, cetirizine. In vitro, terfenadine, like other antihistamines, was found to have inhibitory activity on anti-IgE-induced mediator release at concentrations of 10(-4)-10(-5) M in lung and skin mast cells and basophils. We conclude that the effects of the newer antihistamines on cellular movement into the skin may be diverse, that terfenadine may show organ specificity in vivo and that terfenadine significantly decreases both the early and late gross inflammatory response of the skin to antigen. We cannot, as yet, explain the mechanism(s) by which this occurs.
Target cell DNA fragmentation is mediated by lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor. (1987)

Supernatant fluids containing lymphotoxin (LT) activity were examined for their ability to mediate the fragmentation of cellular DNA in target L929 cells in the manner observed in cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated killing. These supernatants were able to mediate L929 target cell DNA fragmentation, requiring a time course of 48 hours. In an effort to determine whether or not LT was directly involved in mediating this activity, recombinant-derived human lymphotoxin was tested for its ability to bring about the same effect. Both recombinant-derived LT and recombinant-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a factor produced by macrophages and having some activities in common with LT, were able to cause DNA fragmentation in L929 over the same time course. Electrophoretic analysis of DNA isolated from LT-treated L929 target cells revealed that it is fragmented into low molecular weight fragments in a pattern similar to that produced in DNA isolated from target cells after attack by cytotoxic T cell lethal hit.