gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Gene Transduction Efficiency in T Lymphocytes Using Retroviral Vectors (1999)

Successful gene transfer into T lymphocytes would provide a useful therapeutic modality for the treatment of various diseases and a valuable way to study T cell functions. Currently, most protocols involving gene transfer into T lymphocytes utilize amphotropic retroviral vectors. However, transduction efficiency using these vectors is relatively low because of the high proportion of resting cells, the concentration-dependent growth manner of T lymphocytes, and the low titer of retroviral vectors. In this article we define conditions that provide high levels of transduction by using IL-2 prestimulation and LipofectAMINE for both mouse and human T lymphocytes. We compared the effects of IL-2 prestimulation on transduction efficiencies at different time points and achieved maximum transfer levels at 72 hr after the incubation. By combining the best prestimulation time and cationic lipids-LipofectAMINE at a dose of 0.8 microM, the transduction efficiencies were increased to 45-75% (62.3 +/- 4.3%) in human T lymphocytes and to 21-33% (27 +/- 1.42%) in murine T lymphocytes as determine by FDG staining and X-Gal visualization, compared with 5% with conventional methods. These results indicate that transduction efficiencies in T lymphocytes can be significantly improved by a prolonged preincubation with IL-2 and by the addition of LipofectAMINE.
Reduction of spatial hole burning by single phase modulator in linear Nd <sup>3+</sup> fibre laser (1991)

Spatial hole burning and mode jumping in a linear Nd3+ fibre laser are suppressed by inserting an integrated optical phase modulator at one end of the resonator and a section of undoped fibre at the other end. At 1088nm a linewidth of 40 MHz is obtained.
ROLE OF SOME BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS ON THE CORROSION .OF MILD STEEL AND COPPER IN SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS (1986)

The performance of amino acids and carboxylic acids of biological importance on the corrosion
of mild steel and copper in sodium chloridesolutionswas investigated. Manyofthe amino
acidsare inhibitive. Aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, threonine and histidine enhance the corrosion
of mild steel. For copper, however, all the compounds except 4-amino n-butyric acid and
hippuric acid, promote corrosion. The specific influence of the benzoyl group in hippuric acid
is brought out.
Of the carboxylic acids investigated propionate, oxalate, succinate and a-ketoglutarate bring
about considerable inhibition for mild steel. For copper all the anions, except formate, acetate
and propionate, increase corrosion and thioglycollate ions are highly aggressive. With a view
to study the antimicrobial properties, the effects of papaverine, brucine, strychnine, ephedrine
and cinchonidine were also examined. Papaverine is inhibitive for mild steel while brucine,
strychnine and cinchonidine are inhibitive for copper. The results are presented in the light of
their structural relationships.
Combination therapy in hypertension: An update (2010)

Meticulous control of blood pressure is required in patients with hypertension to produce the maximum reduction in clinical cardiovascular end points, especially in patients with comorbidities like diabetes mellitus where more aggressive blood pressure lowering might be beneficial. Recent clinical trials suggest that the approach of using monotherapy for the control of hypertension is not likely to be successful in most patients. Combination therapy may be theoretically favored by the fact that multiple factors contribute to hypertension, and achieving control of blood pressure with single agent acting through one particular mechanism may not be possible. Regimens can either be fixed dose combinations or drugs added sequentially one after other. Combining the drugs makes them available in a convenient dosing format, lower the dose of individual component, thus, reducing the side effects and improving compliance. Classes of antihypertensive agents which have been commonly used are angiotensin receptor blockers, thiazide diuretics, beta and alpha blockers, calcium antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Thiazide diuretics and calcium channel blockers are effective, as well as combinations that include renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, in reducing BP. The majority of currently available fixed-dose combinations are diuretic-based. Combinations may be individualized according to the presence of comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, heart failure, thyroid disorders and for special population groups like elderly and pregnant females.
Surface modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene)with benzophenone and sodium hydride by ultraviolet irradiation (1997)

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films were surface modified in a solution of benzophenone and sodium hydride in dry dimethylformamide by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The extent of surface modification was characterized after durations of UV light irradiation from 5–20 min at temperatures from 19–60°C. The modified films were analyzed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic contact angle measurement, and low-voltage scanning electron microscopy. PTFE surfaces produced by this modification demonstrated extensive defluorination, oxygen incorporation, surface unsaturation, and reduction in both advancing and receding dynamic water contact angles in a manner that was more extensive at long durations of irradiation and at high temperatures. Morphological damage depended upon treatment conditions, but extensive surface modification could be obtained without substantial morphological damage to PTFE films. Control experiments indicated that the surface modification proceeded by photoexcitation of either diphenyl ketyl radical anion or benzhydrol anion, the products of reaction of benzophenone with sodium hydride. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1499–1514, 1997
The role of the transcription factor Foxp3 in the development of regulatory T cells (2006)

Early studies of mice subjected to neonatal thymectomy and analyses of adoptive T-cell transfer into lymphopenic hosts led to the identification of a specialized subset of regulatory CD4+ T cells capable of suppressing various manifestations of autoimmunity. Recently, a combination of genetic, molecular, and traditional cellular approaches provided novel powerful means to investigate the biology of these cells. Here, we review earlier and current work from our laboratory, establishing a dedicated function for the transcription factor Foxp3 in the process of regulatory T-cell lineage commitment and a role for TCR- and cytokine-mediated signals in regulation of Foxp3 expression.
The accuracy of vehicle location by trilateration in a dense urban environment (1972)

A set of linear formulas are derived for estimating the most probable location of a vehicle in a metropolitan area by trilateration techniques, given that multipath introduces errors in range measurements. These formulas are applied to a phase-ranging system (although they are also applicable to pulse-ranging systems), and the results obtained suggest that the probability of large location errors may be too high for many applications of interest.
Non‐isothermal crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide)/silver nanoplate composites (2011)

Abstract The non‐isothermal crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/silver nanoplate composites was studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The non‐isothermal crystallization was analyzed by combining the Avrami and Ozawa equations. It was found that the Avrami exponent for neat PEO ranges from 2.51 to 2.53, whereas it ranges from 2.54 to 3.16 for its composites, indicating that the spherical crystal morphology does not change with the addition of nanoplates. However, the rate determination of crystal growth transfers from diffusion to nucleation. The crystallization half‐time showed an increase with the addition of silver nanoplates in PEO, indicating that the overall crystallization rate of PEO decreases with the addition of nanoplates. However, the nucleation activity is larger than unity in the composites and the value increases with an increase in the nanoplate content. This behavior implies that the nanoplates act as anti‐nucleating agents to hinder nucleation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Dioxygen reduction at a graphite electrode modified by mononuclear tetraneopentoxyphthalocyaninatocobalt(II) and related polynuclear species (1989)

Potentiodynamic data were obtained under argon for the mononuclear species tetraneopentoxyphthalocyaninatocobalt(II) species adsorbed on glassy carbon (GC), ordinary pyrolytic graphite (OPG), and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Comparative data show that the most convenient material to use is HOPG whereon a limiting monolayer is apparently achieved. Data were also presented for the mononuclear and polynuclear analogues on HOPG under both argon and dioxygen. Comparison is made of the potential data obtained in water and in organic solvent. A pH dependence study shows that the dioxygen reduction potential tracks the Co(II)TNPc/Co(I)TNPc redox couple with a slope of approximately −65 mV/pH for the mononuclear species, in the acid regime, but substantially less than −65 mV/pH for the polynuclear species. There is no pH dependence in the alkaline regime. Possible mechanisms are discussed. Keywords: phthalocyanine, electrochemistry, dioxygen reduction, pH dependence, graphite electrode, cobalt phthalocyanine.
Metabolic pathways in T cell activation and lineage differentiation (2016)

Recent advances in the field of immunometabolism support the concept that fundamental processes in T cell biology, such as TCR-mediated activation and T helper lineage differentiation, are closely linked to changes in the cellular metabolic programs. Although the major task of the intermediate metabolism is to provide the cell with a constant supply of energy and molecular precursors for the production of biomolecules, the dynamic regulation of metabolic pathways also plays an active role in shaping T cell responses. Key metabolic processes such as glycolysis, fatty acid and mitochondrial metabolism are now recognized as crucial players in T cell activation and differentiation, and their modulation can differentially affect the development of T helper cell lineages. In this review, we describe the diverse metabolic processes that T cells engage during their life cycle from naïve towards effector and memory T cells. We consider in particular how the cellular metabolism may actively support the function of T cells in their different states. Moreover, we discuss how molecular regulators such as mTOR or AMPK link environmental changes to adaptations in the cellular metabolism and elucidate the consequences on T cell differentiation and function.
Pupil diameter covaries with BOLD activity in human locus coeruleus (2014)

The locus coeruleus-noradrenergic (LC-NA) neuromodulatory system has been implicated in a broad array of cognitive processes, yet scope for investigating this system's function in humans is currently limited by an absence of reliable non-invasive measures of LC activity. Although pupil diameter has been employed as a proxy measure of LC activity in numerous studies, empirical evidence for a relationship between the two is lacking. In the present study, we sought to rigorously probe the relationship between pupil diameter and BOLD activity localized to the human LC. Simultaneous pupillometry and fMRI revealed a relationship between continuous pupil diameter and BOLD activity in a dorsal pontine cluster overlapping with the LC, as localized via neuromelanin-sensitive structural imaging and an LC atlas. This relationship was present both at rest and during performance of a two-stimulus oddball task, with and without spatial smoothing of the fMRI data, and survived retrospective image correction for physiological noise. Furthermore, the spatial extent of this pupil/LC relationship guided a volume-of-interest analysis in which we provide the first demonstration in humans of a fundamental characteristic of animal LC activity: phasic modulation by oddball stimulus relevance. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential for utilizing pupil diameter to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the LC-NA system in human cognition.
Holopix50k: A Large-Scale In-the-wild Stereo Image Dataset (2020)

With the mass-market adoption of dual-camera mobile phones, leveraging stereo information in computer vision has become increasingly important. Current state-of-the-art methods utilize learning-based algorithms, where the amount and quality of training samples heavily influence results. Existing stereo image datasets are limited either in size or subject variety. Hence, algorithms trained on such datasets do not generalize well to scenarios encountered in mobile photography. We present Holopix50k, a novel in-the-wild stereo image dataset, comprising 49,368 image pairs contributed by users of the Holopix mobile social platform. In this work, we describe our data collection process and statistically compare our dataset to other popular stereo datasets. We experimentally show that using our dataset significantly improves results for tasks such as stereo super-resolution and self-supervised monocular depth estimation. Finally, we showcase practical applications of our dataset to motivate novel works and use cases. The Holopix50k dataset is available at http://github.com/leiainc/holopix50k
Experimental techniques for evaluation of fiber transmission loss and dispersion (1980)

This paper describes state-of-the-art measurement techniques for the characterization of fiber loss and dispersion. Special emphasis is placed on the achievement of high measurement accuracy, and on novel techniques to determine the loss and dispersion of single-mode and graded-index fibers in the 0.8 to 1.7-µm wavelength region where fiber loss and material dispersion are both small.
Atomic layer deposition of magnesium fluoride via bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (2014)

A new process has been developed to deposit magnesium fluoride (MgF2) thin films via atomic layer deposition (ALD) for use as optical coatings in the ultraviolet. MgF2 was deposited in a showerhead style ALD reactor using bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) as precursors at substrate temperatures from 100 to 250 °C. The use of HF was observed to result in improved morphology and reduced impurity content compared to other reported MgF2 ALD approaches that use metal fluoride precursors as the fluorine-containing chemistry. Characterization of these films has been performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for material deposited on silicon substrates. Films at all substrate temperatures were transparent at wavelengths down to 190 nm and the low deposition temperature combined with low surface roughness makes these coatings good candidates for a variety of optical applications in the far ultraviolet.
Experience With Chlorine Dioxide in Brussels: Generation of Chlorine Dioxide (1984)

The yield of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) is influenced by chemical conditions (e.g., initial chlorine concentration, alkalinity) and by reactor design (e.g., detention time, method for mixing chemicals). This article describes the design and operation of C1O 2 ‐generating systems used by the Brussels' Intercommunal Waterboard. Improved reactor designs have increased C1O 2 yields from 65–80 percent to >95 percent of the theoretical yield.
ReCount: A multi-experiment resource of analysis-ready RNA-seq gene count datasets (2011)

RNA sequencing is a flexible and powerful new approach for measuring gene, exon, or isoform expression. To maximize the utility of RNA sequencing data, new statistical methods are needed for clustering, differential expression, and other analyses. A major barrier to the development of new statistical methods is the lack of RNA sequencing datasets that can be easily obtained and analyzed in common statistical software packages such as R. To speed up the development process, we have created a resource of analysis-ready RNA-sequencing datasets. 2 DESCRIPTION: ReCount is an online resource of RNA-seq gene count tables and auxilliary data. Tables were built from raw RNA sequencing data from 18 different published studies comprising 475 samples and over 8 billion reads. Using the Myrna package, reads were aligned, overlapped with gene models and tabulated into gene-by-sample count tables that are ready for statistical analysis. Count tables and phenotype data were combined into Bioconductor ExpressionSet objects for ease of analysis. ReCount also contains the Myrna manifest files and R source code used to process the samples, allowing statistical and computational scientists to consider alternative parameter values. 3 CONCLUSIONS: By combining datasets from many studies and providing data that has already been processed from. fastq format into ready-to-use. RData and. txt files, ReCount facilitates analysis and methods development for RNA-seq count data. We anticipate that ReCount will also be useful for investigators who wish to consider cross-study comparisons and alternative normalization strategies for RNA-seq.
Synthesis of Oligoribonucleotides Containing Pyrimidine 2'-O-[(Hydroxyalkoxy)methyl]ribonucleosides (2006)

A simple and efficient method for the preparation of pyrimidine 2'- O -[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]ribonucleosides and 2'- O -[(3-hydroxypropoxy)methyl]ribonucleosides has been developed. These modified nucleosides were incorporated into oligoribonucleotides, which were shown to form stable RNA/RNA duplexes.
Is Isoprene Emitted by Plants Synthesized via the Novel Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate Pathway? (1997)

Abstract The incorporation of deuterium labeled 1-deoxy-ᴅ-xylulose into isoprene, emitted by three higher plants upon illumination, was analysed by headspace GC-MS. A high extent of incorporation into isoprene was found, indicating that isoprene is synthesized in higher plants via the novel isopentenyl pyrophosphate pathway, of which 1-deoxy-ᴅ-xylulose-5-phosphate is an intermediate. A new chemical synthesis of methyl [ 1- 2 H 1 ]-1-deoxy-α/β-ᴅ-xyluloside from ᴅ-xylulose is presented.
Synthesis of 2<i>H</i>-1,2-Oxaphosphorin 2-Oxides via Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-Catalyzed Cyclization of (<i>Z</i>)-2-Alken-4-ynylphosphonic Monoesters (2005)

[reaction: see text]. Six new 2-ethoxy-2H-1,2-oxaphosphorin 2-oxides were synthesized with high regioselectivity in good yields via Ag(2)CO(3)-catalyzed cyclization of (Z)-2-alken-4-ynylphosphonic monoesters in CH(2)Cl(2) at room temperature. This cyclization of P-OH to substituted alkynes is reported for the first time. The products are a class of phosphorus heterocycles with potential use and are heretofore prepared with difficulty.
Application of PRV-1 mRNA expression level and JAK2V617F mutation for the differentiating between polycytemia vera and secondary erythrocytosis and assessment of treatment by interferon or hydroxyurea (2007)

Increased PRV-1 mRNA expression and the presence of Jak2(V617F) mutation in peripheral blood granulocytes are specific markers for chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), which facilitate the differential diagnosis between polycythemia vera (PV) and secondary erythrocytosis (SE) and may be helpful for monitoring treatment efficacy in MPD patients. We evaluated the presence of the Jak2V617F mutation and increased PRV-1 mRNA expression along with previously established markers - erythropoietin (EPO) independent colony formation (EEC) and erythropoietin level for diagnosis of PV and assessment of treatment efficiency. Increased PRV-1 expression was found in 37 out of 46 patients diagnosed with PV (80%), in 4 out of 15 patients diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia (ET) (27%) and in 4 out of 8 patients with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIMF) (50%), and increased PRV-1 expression plus EEC formation was observed in 19 of 36 examined MPD patients indicating the superiority of PVSG and WHO bone marrow criteria for the diagnosis of ET, PV and CIMF. We could confirm a very high sensitivity, specificity and utility of the Jak2(V617F) mutation for differential diagnosis between PV and SE. Spontaneous EEC, serum EPO levels, PRV-1 expression was evaluated in 22 PV patients who carried the Jak2(V617F) mutation. A concordance of increased PRV-1 expression and presence of Jak2(V617F) mutation in 19/22 (85%); of increased PRV-1/Jak2/EEC in 14/22 (63%); and of Jak2/PRV-1/EEC/low Epo level in 10/22 (45%) patients was found indicating the superiority of the presence of Jak2(V617F) mutation for the diagnosis of PV. IFN-alpha therapy in patients with PV was more effective then hydroxyurea treatment and significantly reduced increased PRV-1 expression together with higher levels of Jak2(V617F) mutation (50-100%) in PV patients treated with hydroxy urea (HU) and lower levels of Jak2(V617F) mutation (35-90%) in PV patients treated with IFN-alpha. Normal PRV-1 expression level was observed in 44% of PV patients who achieved clinical remission and only in 3% of patient who did not. These preliminary observations indicate that the Jak2(V617F) mutation in particular and PRV-1 overexpression appear to be suitable markers for monitoring treatment efficiency in prospective randomised clinical studies comparing pegylated interferon and hydroxyurea in well defined PV patients with a clear indication for cytoreductive therapy.
External-feedback effects in high-gain scattering media (1997)

We report on experimental studies of external-feedback effects on high-gain scattering media. We explain experimental results for the pump energy required for laser action as a function of the separation between a mirror and the media by use of Monte Carlo simulations and integration of the laser equations.
Pulmonary aspiration syndromes (2011)

Aspiration syndromes are common with their management dictated by the type of aspiration syndrome.
Harmonic distortion reduction on vibrators — Suppressing the supply pressure ripples (2007)

Due to non‐linear effects, the ground‐force signal transmitted into the subsurface by vibrators is contaminated by harmonics. Hydraulic power supply pressure fluctuations contribute to the overall harmonic content of the vibrator output. Supply pressure ripple is rich in even harmonic distortion and strongly dominated by the 2nd harmonic. A new reaction mass design significantly reduces hydraulic supply fluctuations to provide a more constant supply pressure. Field‐testing of the new reaction mass system demonstrates a dramatic reduction of the harmonic distortion in the ground‐force signal output by the vibrator. Significant reduction of harmonic distortion in the ground‐force signal is achieved when the vibrator is on hard and uneven ground. Cavitations in the supply pressure, a long‐standing problem in vibrator mechanics, were almost completely eliminated.