gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave oscillations in epitaxial layers of GaAs (1966)

Microwave oscillations of the type reported by Gunn have been observed in samples prepared from epitaxial layers of gallium arsenide. Descriptions of sample preparation and measuring techniques are included. The frequency of oscillation ranged from 7 to 14 GHz. The samples, which were prepared from 16.5 to 25µ thick layers, had cross sections that were 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm square. Peak output power ranged from 50 to 200 mW at the higher frequencies to 0.5 to 1.5 W at the lower frequencies. Typical efficiencies ranged from 4 percent to 6 percent.
Computational study of NMDA conductance and cortical oscillations in schizophrenia (2014)

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The illness is also characterized by gamma oscillatory disturbances, which can be evaluated with precise frequency specificity employing auditory cortical entrainment paradigms. This computational study investigates how synaptic NMDA hypofunction may give rise to network level oscillatory deficits as indexed by entrainment paradigms. We developed a computational model of a local cortical circuit with pyramidal cells and fast-spiking interneurons (FSI), incorporating NMDA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic (AMPA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synaptic kinetics. We evaluated the effects of varying NMDA conductance on FSIs and pyramidal cells, as well as AMPA to NMDA ratio. We also examined the differential effects across a broad range of entrainment frequencies as a function of NMDA conductance. Varying NMDA conductance onto FSIs revealed an inverted-U relation with network gamma whereas NMDA conductance onto the pyramidal cells had a more monotonic relationship. Varying NMDA vs. AMPA conductance onto FSIs demonstrated the necessity of AMPA in the generation of gamma while NMDA receptors had a modulatory role. Finally, reducing NMDA conductance onto FSI and varying the stimulus input frequency reproduced the specific reductions in gamma range (~40 Hz) as observed in schizophrenia studies. Our computational study showed that reductions in NMDA conductance onto FSIs can reproduce similar disturbances in entrainment to periodic stimuli within the gamma range as reported in schizophrenia studies. These findings provide a mechanistic account of how specific cellular level disturbances can give rise to circuitry level pathophysiologic disturbance in schizophrenia.
Use of a Modified Hybrid Model to Analyze the Effectiveness of Jetties in Reducing Marina Sedimentation (1994)

The effectiveness of the construction of jetties near the entrance channel of a coastal marina in reducing marina sedimentation has been analyzed using a modified hybrid model. The modified hybrid model consists of a coupled two-dimensional, finite-element, hydrodynamic and cohesive-sediment transport model and a physical model. The finite element model was used to model the hydrodynamics and cohesive sediment transport in Winyah Bay and Belle Isle Marina, South Carolina, and the physical model was used to aid in the calibration of the numerical model to the near-field flow in proximity to the marina. The physical model features an artificial boundary corresponding to the location of the dredged navigation channel in Winyah Bay. The use of this artificial boundary is justified by streamline observations in the calibrated numerical model. Using the calibrated hydrodynamic and cohesive-sediment transport model, the marina sedimentation rates for the various proposed jetty configurations were determined. The modified hybrid model was analyzed and found to be effective in modeling the dominant processes affecting sedimentation in Belle Isle marina.
Characterization of osteoarthritis in cats and meloxicam efficacy using objective chronic pain evaluation tools (2013)

This study aimed to characterize osteoarthritis (OA)-related chronic pain and disability in experimental cats with naturally occurring OA. Peak vertical ground reaction force (PVF), accelerometer-based motor activity (MA) and the von Frey anesthesiometer-induced paw withdrawal threshold were used to define OA and to test the efficacy of meloxicam. A diagnosis of OA was based on radiographic and orthopedic examinations. Cats with OA (n=39) and classified as non-OA (n=6) were used to assess the reliability and sensitivity of the parameters to assess OA over 3weeks while being administered placebo medication. A randomised parallel design study was then used to investigate the effects on OA of daily oral meloxicam treatment for 4weeks at different dose rates (0.025mg/kg, n=10mg/kg; 0.04mg/kg, n=10; 0.05mg/kg, n=9), compared to cats administered a placebo (n=10). The test-retest repeatability for each tool was good (intra-class correlation coefficient ⩾0.6). The PVF and the von Frey anesthesiometer-induced paw withdrawal threshold discriminated OA (P<0.05). Meloxicam did not add to the PVF improvement observed in placebo-treated cats during the treatment period (adj-P⩽0.01). The 0.025 and the 0.05mg/kg meloxicam-treated cats experienced a higher night-time (17:00-06:58h) MA intensity during the treatment period compared to the placebo period (adj-P=0.04, and 0.02, respectively) and this effect was not observed in the placebo group. The high allodynia rate observed in the 0.04mg/kg meloxicam-treated group may explain the lower responsiveness to the drug. The von Frey anesthesiometer-induced paw withdrawal threshold demonstrated no responsiveness to meloxicam. The results from this study indicated that daily oral meloxicam administration for 4weeks provided pain relief according to night-time MA.
Generation of misfit dislocations in semiconductors (1987)

The acting slip mechanism for the generation of misfit dislocations in diamond-type–semiconductor heterostructures is investigated with transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that dissociation of the 60°-mixed dislocations can lead to a difference in strain accommodation for tensile and compressive strain. A strain/thickness relation is obtained from the energy expression for nucleation of half-loops. This relation is compared with other theoretical relations and with experimental strain data for Si/GaP(001) and In0.07Ga0.93As/GaAs(001) , measured with transmission electron microscopy and ion blocking.
Evaluation of Polymer Hermetically Sealed Tantalum Capacitors (2014)

Polymer cathode tantalum capacitors have lower ESR (equivalent series resistance) compared to other types of tantalum capacitors and for this reason have gained popularity in the electronics design community. Their use allows improved performance of power supply systems along with substantial reduction of size and weight of the components used. However, these parts have poor thermal stability and can degrade in humid environments. Polymer hermetically sealed (PHS) capacitors avoid problems related to environmental degradation of molded case parts and can potentially replace current wet and solid hermetically sealed capacitors. In this work, PHS capacitors manufactured per DLA LAM DWG#13030 are evaluated for space applications. Several lots of capacitors manufactured over period from 2010 to 2014 were tested for the consistency of performance, electrical and thermal characteristics, highly accelerated life testing, and robustness under reverse bias and random vibration conditions. Special attention was given to analysis of leakage currents and the effect of long-term high temperature storage on capacitors in as is condition and after hermeticity loss. The results show that PHS capacitors might be especially effective for low-temperature applications or for system requiring a cold start-up. Additional screening and qualification testing have been recommended to assure the necessary quality of capacitors for space projects.
Chiral arene hydrates of naphthalene: enzymatic and chemical syntheses (1990)

Bacterial metabolism of the dihydronaphthalenes 1 or 3 using cultures of Pseudomonas putida UV4 yielded the arene hydrates of naphthalene 2 or a mixture of 4 and 5 respectively; these arene hydrates have also been obtained in homochiral form either by synthesis from enantiomerically pure alcohols 10 and 12 and arene oxide 11 precursors or by chiral stationary phase HPLC separation of arene hydrate enantiomers.
A cortical structure for real world image processing (2002)

Neural architecture as found in the mammalian visual cortex is used for visual processing of real world camera images. The neural architecture used does not refer to classical neural nets but to more global characteristics such as the typical receptive field characteristics, two-dimensional cortical structure, local operations and topographic arrangement of cells. The self-organization algorithm analyzed and named elastic field algorithm is an alternative to the Kohonen model. Known facts from image processing are included in the model to achieve high performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Process and product characteristics for soya concentrates and isolates (1981)

Abstract Product characteristics of soya protein concentrates and isolates can be varied by using various processing treatments. These treatments can involve the use of enzymes, solvents, heat and pH adjustment, or combinations of these treatments to produce concentrates and isolates with the desired functional properties, such as water absorption, gelation, whipping ability, fat and oil emulsification, binding and varying degrees of protein solubility. The defatted soya flakes customarily used for the manufacture of concentrates and isolates are not segregated on the basis of variety. However, regional differences exist in the extractable protein content of the defatted flakes. Processing controls are essential in producing consistent quality and functional soya protein concentrates and isolates. Production parameters such as solvent treatment, desolventizing, enzyme treatment, heat, or pH adjustment of the soy flakes during processing must be stringently controlled to prevent variation in finished product characteristics and functionality.
Lipid Oxidation in a Menhaden Oil-in-Water Emulsion Stabilized by Sodium Caseinate Cross-Linked with Transglutaminase (2006)

Transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-linking of interfacial proteins in oil-in-water has been shown to influence physical stability, but little is known about how this reaction impacts lipid oxidation. Therefore, this study evaluated the influence of transglutaminase-induced interfacial protein cross-linking on the oxidative stability of casein-stabilized menhaden oil-in-water emulsions. Interfacial casein in menhaden oil-in-water emulsions cross-linked by transglutaminase (pH 7.0) produced a cohesive interfacial protein layer that could not be removed from the emulsion droplet by Tween 20. Although transglutaminase cross-linked the interfacial casein, these emulsions did not show increased oxidative stability when compared to untreated emulsions as determined by measurement of lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. These results indicate that increasing the cohesiveness of proteins at the interface of oil-in-water emulsions does not inhibit lipid oxidation. This could be due to the ability of prooxidative species such as iron to diffuse through the cross-linked protein layer where it could promote the decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides into free radicals that could oxidize unsaturated fatty acids in the emulsion droplet core.
<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy of substituted bis‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles (1992)

Abstract Dehydration of N , N ′‐diacylalkanedioic acid dihydrazides with phosphoryl chloride gave 5,5′‐disubstituted‐2,2′‐(1, n ‐alkanediyl)bis‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by 1 H, 13 C NMR, UV and IR spectroscopy.
Acquisition and image processing system able to optimize laser cladding process (2002)

The laser cladding process, which consists of adding a melt powder to a substrate in order to improve or change the behaviour of the material against corrosion, fatigue and so on, involves a lot of parameters. In order to perform good tracks some parameters need to be controlled during the process. We present here a low cost performant system using two CCD matrix cameras. One camera provides surface temperature measurements while the other gives information relative to the powder distribution or geometric characteristics of the tracks. The surface temperature (thanks to Beer Lambert's law) enables us to detect variations in the mass feed rate. Using such a system we are able to detect fluctuation of 2 to 3 g/min in the mass flow rate. The other camera gives us information related to the powder distribution and the particles speed. During the process, this camera is also used to perform geometric measurements (height, width...). We display the result of our system in order to enhance the efficiency of the laser cladding process.
The cloning and characterization of human MyD88: a member of an IL‐1 receptor related family<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Murine MyD88, an RNA with homology both to the interleukin-1 receptor signaling domain and to 'death-domains', is rapidly upregulated during differentiation of the myeloleukemic cell line M1. We have cloned the human homologue of murine MyD88 and re-evaluated the murine sequence. The open reading frame for both species encodes a 296 amino acid protein, which for murine MyD88 is 53 amino acids longer than originally published. Human MyD88 cDNA is encoded by 5 exons, and maps to chromosome 3p21.3-p22 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Overexpression of the death domain region leads to transcriptional activation of the IL-8 promoter.
Dehydration Effect on the Recognition of Amphiphiles with Many Pendent Mannose Residues by Concanavalin A<sup>†</sup> (2001)

Amphiphiles which carried many pendent mannose residues as side chains were prepared by telomerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl d-mannopyranoside (MEMan, α:β = 6.5:3.5) using a lipophilic radical initiator. The mannose-carrying amphiphiles (DODA−PMEMan, DP (degree of polymerization) = 3, 8, 14, and 17) incorporated in liposomes were recognized by a lectin from Canavalia ensiformis (Con A), which was proven by the increase in turbidity of the liposome suspension after mixing with the lectin. The recognition was largely affected by the degree of polymerization and surface density of the amphiphile in the liposomes. The association constant (Kas) between the mannose residue and Con A (2.2 × 105 M-1 for DODA-PMEMan (DP = 17) at 25 °C) was much larger than those for low molecular weight sugars (for example, methyl α-d-mannopyranoside, Kas = 8.2 × 103 M-1) due to the “cluster effect”. Thermodynamic parameters showed a significant contribution of positive entropy change to the effective sugar recognition in the liposome system, which was in contrast to the enthalpy-driven recognition of low molecular weight sugars by Con A. The positive entropy change could be attributed to the “dehydration” of both Con A molecule and the mannose-carrying polymer chains which were fixed to the gigantic and hydrophilic liposome surface.
Low Risk of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease and Relapse Associated with T Cell–Depleted Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in First Remission: Results of the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network Protocol 0303 (2011)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is most effectively prevented by ex vivo T cell depletion (TCD) of the allograft, but its role in the treatment of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in complete remission (CR) remains unclear. We performed a phase 2 single-arm multicenter study to evaluate the role of TCD in AML patients in CR1 or CR2 up to age 65 years. The primary objective was to achieve a disease-free survival (DFS) rate of >75% at 6 months posttransplantation. A total of 44 patients with AML in CR1 (n = 37) or CR2 (n = 7) with a median age of 48.5 years (range, 21-59 years) received myeloablative chemotherapy and fractionated total body irradiation (1375 cGy) followed by immunomagnetically selected CD34-enriched, T cell‒depleted allografts from HLA-identical siblings. No pharmacologic GVHD prophylaxis was given. All patients engrafted. The incidence of acute GVHD grade II-IV was 22.7%, and the incidence of extensive chronic GVHD was 6.8% at 24 months. The relapse rate for patients in CR1 was 17.4% at 36 months. With a median follow-up of 34 months, DFS for all patients was 82% at 6 months, and DFS for patients in CR1 was 72.8% at 12 months and 58% at 36 months. HCT after myeloablative chemoradiotherapy can be performed in a multicenter setting using a uniform method of TCD, resulting in a low risk of extensive chronic GVHD and relapse for patients with AML in CR1.
Vasorelaxant effects of a nitric oxide‐releasing aspirin derivative in normotensive and hypertensive rats (2001)

1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been reported to exacerbate hypertension and to interfere with the effectiveness of some anti-hypertensive therapies. In this study, we tested the effects of a gastric-sparing, nitric oxide-releasing derivative of aspirin (NCX-4016) on hypertension in rats. 2. Hypertension was induced by administering L-NAME in the drinking water (400 mg l(-1)). Groups of rats were treated daily with aspirin, NCX-4016 or vehicle. 3. NCX-4016 significantly reduced blood pressure relative to the aspirin-treated group over the 2-week period of treatment. Aspirin and, to a lesser extent, NCX-4016 suppressed whole blood thromboxane synthesis. 4. In anaesthetized rats, acute intravenous administration of NCX-4016 caused a significant fall in mean arterial pressure in hypertensive rats, but was devoid of such effects in normotensive controls. 5. In vitro, NCX-4016 relaxed phenylephrine-pre-contracted aortic rings obtained from both normotensive and hypertensive rats, and significantly reduced their responsiveness to the contractile effects of phenylephrine. 6. These results suggest that NCX-4016 reduces blood pressure in hypertensive rats, not simply through the direct vasodilatory actions of the nitric oxide released by this compound, but also through possible interference with the effects of endogenous pressor agents. These properties, added to its anti-thrombotic effects, suggest that NCX-4016 may be a safer alternative to aspirin for use by hypertensive patients.
Epidemiology of Klebsiella and Hospital-Associated Infections (1979)

Epidemiology of Klebsiella and Hospital-Associated Infections Get access John Z. Montgomerie John Z. Montgomerie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 1, Issue 5, September-October 1979, Pages 736–753, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/1.5.736 Published: 01 September 1979 Article history Received: 22 February 1979 Revision received: 06 April 1979 Published: 01 September 1979
Body growth, carcass composition, and endocrine changes in lambs chronically treated with recombinantly derived insulin-like growth factor-I (1992)

Castrate yearling male sheep were treated for 8 weeks with either 50 micrograms/kg body wt/8 hourly sc insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (n = 10) or with saline (n = 9). IGF-I treatment increased plasma IGF-I from 235 +/- 17 to 347 +/- 16 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). There was a gradual divergence in body wt (P less than 0.10) between treatment groups. Food intake did not change significantly. The weight of the spleen corrected for body wt increased by 40% (P less than 0.001) and there was a marginal increase in adjusted kidney wt (P less than 0.1). There was no effect of IGF-I on carcass weight or dimensions, or on long bone length, although the weight per unit length of the tibia (P less than 0.05) and femur (P less than 0.10) were increased. There was no effect on wool growth. Plasma IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) were quantified by ligand blot analysis. In the IGF-I treated group, IGFBP-1 showed a transient increase (P less than 0.05) at day 3 but was similar in both groups at day 55 of treatment. IGFBP-2 was suppressed (P less than 0.05) by day 55 and IGFBP-3 and 4 did not change. Plasma glucose was elevated (P less than 0.05) and plasma insulin was suppressed (P less than 0.01) from 280 +/- 32 pg/ml to 124 +/- 30.4 pg/ml, plasma urea (P less than 0.01) and creatinine (P less than 0.05) were reduced in the IGF-I treated group. The somatogenic effect of IGF-I in this study was minimal suggesting that in the well fed animal with an intact somatotropic axis IGF-I treatment at doses which double plasma IGF-I does not enhance somatic growth performance. However, the marked splenomegaly shows the sensitivity of splenic growth to systemic IGF-I. The suppression of insulin with chronic IGF-I treatment was accompanied by hyperglycaemia--this may explain in part the lack of a significant anabolic response and may limit the utility of IGF-I therapy unless higher doses with insulin-like effects are used.
ISSSR Tutorial 1: Introduction to Spectral Remote Sensing (1994)

This tutorial, the first of a linked set of four, provides an introduction to remote sensing as a tool for studying the earth, its land, water bodies, cultural components, and surrounding atmosphere. The basis for this capability is the recording of reflected, emitted, and luminesced photons, usually in the form of images, and the subsequent interpretation of image patterns for terrain information (manual analysis), and of spectral patterns for targeting, monitoring, and change detection (computer and digital analysis). Included are brief reviews of: radiation characteristics such as bandwidth, interference, absorption, reflectance, emittance, luminescence; optical attributes such as focus, and resolution; research in spectral measurements; and application examples from various remote sensing systems. This leads to Tutorial II on spectral measurements; thence to Tutorial III on the digital analysis of imaging spectrometer data; and to Tutorial IV on the characteristics of available remote sensing systems
Orientation and Developmental Inhibition in the Housefly by Certain Terpenoids (1974)

Abstract Several terpenoids were tested on the eggs, larvae and adults of the housefly, Musca domestica L., for effects on their orientation and development. Eugenol and farnesol attracted the flies and inhibited their embryonic/larval development. In certain doses, l-imonene, citronellol and carvone attracted the flies but did not inhibit their development. The remaining terpenoids inhibited the development of the flics in different doses but repelled them to varying degrees. The possibility jf housefly control by compounds with acceptable odors and having both the properties of attracting flies as well as inhibiting their development is discussed.
Protein phosphatase 2A in Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is the predominant serine/threonine phosphatase in eukaryotic cells. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), PP2A activity is decreased. Decreased PP2A activity is suggested to be involved in NFT formation and neurodegeneration. PP2A is also involved in APP secreting pathway, thus probably participating the Abeta production. Based on our research and other previous findings, decreased PP2Ac level, decreased PP2A holoenzyme composition, increased level of PP2A inhibitors, increased PP2Ac Leu309 demethylation and Tyr307 phosphorylation could partly explain the mechanisms of PP2A inactivation in AD. Abeta over-production, estrogen deficiency and impaired homocysteine metabolism are the possible up-stream factors that inactivate PP2A in AD neurons. Further studies are needed to disclose the role of PP2A in Alzheimer's disease.