gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high performance polysilicon TFT using RTA and plasma hydrogenation applicable to highly stable SRAMs of 16 Mbit and beyond (2003)

A 0.4- mu m polysilicon TFT with I/sub on/ of 5 mu A and I/sub off/ of 10 fA developed by use of the LDO (lightly doped offset) structure and RTA (rapid thermal annealing) and plasma hydrogenation treatment is discussed. These technologies have proved to be essential in realizing high-performance deep submicron TFTs. Highly stable and low-power SRAMs of 16 Mb and beyond can be realized by employing these technologies. Models and mechanisms to explain the effects of various treatments on the performances of the TFTs are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Significance of l-Alloisoleucine in Plasma for Diagnosis of Maple Syrup Urine Disease (1999)

The present findings indicate that plasma L-alloisoleucine above the cutoff value of 5 micromol/L is the most specific and most sensitive diagnostic marker for all forms of MSUD.
Accurate and precise measurement of blood flow using ultrasound time domain correlation (2003)

The goal of this research is to produce an ultrasonic device to assist in the diagnosis of venous thrombosis in humans. The ultrasound time-domain correlation technique can accurately and precisely estimate the volumetric fluid flow through a circular vessel without prior knowledge of the vessel diameter, flow velocity profile, or transducer measurement angle. This technique estimates the change in arrival time (instead of frequency) of ultrasound reflected from scatterers. A system based on this technique has been constructed and the technique has been verified in a blood-flow phantom system with both a blood-mimicking substance and porcine blood. Under in vitro conditions, the measurement angle has been determined within 5%, and continuous and pulsatile volumetric flow has been measured to 150 beats/min with an accuracy better than 18%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of spectropolarimetric imagers from 400 to 1700 nm (2014)

Development of two prototype field-portable hyperspectral imagers that will also collect polarization signatures is being carried out in the visible-near infrared (VNIR) and the shortwave infrared (SWIR) regions. Each of these imagers uses a TeO<sub>2</sub> noncollinear acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) and two liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs). The spectral region of operation for the first imager is from 400 to 800 nm and for the second one from 900 to 1700 nm. We will present the optical design and Mueller Matrix analysis results.
A DEAD Box RNA Helicase Is Essential for mRNA Export and Important for Development and Stress Responses in Arabidopsis (2004)

An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, cryophyte, was isolated and found to have an enhanced cold stress-induction of the master regulator of cold tolerance, C-repeat binding factor 2 (CBF2), and its downstream target genes. The mutant is more tolerant to chilling and freezing stresses but is more sensitive to heat stress. Under warm but not cold growth temperatures, the mutant has a reduced stature and flowers earlier. Under long day conditions, flowering of the mutant is insensitive to vernalization. The mutant is also hypersensitive to the phytohormone abscisic acid. The mutation was found in a DEAD box RNA helicase gene that is identical to the previously identified low expression of osmotically responsive genes 4 (LOS4) locus, which was defined by the los4-1 mutation that reduces cold regulation of CBFs and their target genes and renders Arabidopsis plants chilling sensitive. We show evidence suggesting that the CRYOPHYTE/LOS4 protein may be enriched in the nuclear rim. In situ poly(A) hybridization indicates that the export of poly(A)+ RNAs is blocked in the cryophyte/los4-2 mutant at warm or high temperatures but not at low temperatures, whereas the los4-1 mutation weakens mRNA export at both low and warm temperatures. These results demonstrate an important role of the CRYOPHYTE/LOS4 RNA helicase in mRNA export, plant development, and stress responses.
Topical Minoxidil-Loaded Nanotechnology Strategies for Alopecia (2020)

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a multifactorial and age-related condition characterized by substantial hair loss affecting both men and women. Conventional treatments include the use of topical minoxidil (MNX) formulations to stimulate hair growth and restore hair condition. However, those treatments are associated with limited performance and a lack of tolerability and compliance due to the emergence of adverse effects. Considering that the development of nanotechnology-based formulations as hair loss therapeutic strategies has been clearly growing, topical MNX delivery by means of these innovative formulations is known to enhance MNX skin permeation and depot formation into hair follicles, allowing for MNX-controlled release, increased MNX skin bioavailability and enhanced therapeutic efficacy with minimal adverse effects. This review highlights the potential of nanotechnology-based MNX delivery formulations for improved hair loss therapeutics, including a thorough assessment of their in vitro and in vivo performances, as well as regulatory and nanosafety considerations.
Aiding suicide: a modern moral dilemma (2003)

Extract: Among the many current moral and legal dilemmas facing individuals in society is that of being called upon to assist a terminally-ill loved one end his or her own life. On the one hand is the emotional agony of watching suffering which can have only one outcome. On the other is the stern moral taboo buried deep inside each of us that suicide is a "sin", reinforced by laws which also make it a serious criminal offence to assist in an act of suicide by another.
Robust Extraction of Tomographic Information via Randomized Benchmarking (2014)

Quantum processing tomography typically reconstructs an unknown quantum dynamical operation by measuring its effects on known states of a quantum device. Taking a different approach of comparing the operation of interest to a set of finite and easily implementable reference operations, a new method can reconstruct any quantum operation reliably.
Bacterial nanocellulose with a shape-memory effect as potential drug delivery system (2014)

In the steadily emerging field of applications for the natural biopolymer bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), the development of environmentally-friendly and cost-saving techniques to form xerogels by partial or complete dewatering is of great interest for convenient storage, handling and a reduced risk of microbial contamination. Air-dried BNC itself is not able to rehydrate after complete drying due to a structural collapse. In the present paper, it was supplemented with different hydrophilic, water-binding additives and characterized regarding morphology, re-swelling behavior, mechanical stability and potential as drug delivery system. A fast rehydration could be obtained by the addition of magnesium chloride > glucose > sucrose > sorbitol, with a maximum re-swelling percentage up to about 88% (magnesium chloride) of the initial wet weight. In contrast, poly(ethylene glycol) (8 kDa), lactose and trehalose reached only 12–30% whereas mannitol and sodium chloride only had a negligible effect. A high re-swelling value was found to be correlated with the preservation of the three-dimensional BNC network structure and mechanical characteristics such as compression and tensile strength. Confirming the relevance of these findings, the use of the hydrophilic model drug azorubine demonstrated the applicability of the shape-memorized bacterial nanocellulose as drug delivery system with controllable release profiles.
Crossroads (2014)

The explosive increase in cellular network traffic, users, and applications, as well as the corresponding shifts in user expectations, has created heavy needs and demands on cellular data providers. In this paper we address one such need: mining the logs of cellular voice and data traffic to rapidly detect network performance anomalies and other events of interest. The core challenge in solving this problem is the issue that it is impossible to predict beforehand where in the traffic the event may appear, requiring us to be able to query arbitrary subsets of the network traffic (e.g., longer than usual round-trip times for users in a specific urban area to connect to FunContent.com using a particular model of phone). Since it is infeasible to store all combinations of such data, especially when it is collected in real-time, we need to be able to summarize the traffic data using succinct sketch data structures to answer these queries.
Fine-Mapping the Branching Habit Trait in Cultivated Peanut by Combining Bulked Segregant Analysis and High-Throughput Sequencing (2017)

The growth habit of lateral shoots (also termed "branching habit") is an important descriptive and agronomic character of peanut. Yet, both the inheritance of branching habit and the genetic mechanism that controls it in this crop remain unclear. In addition, the low degree of polymorphism among cultivated peanut varieties hinders fine-mapping of this and other traits in non-homozygous genetic structures. Here, we combined high-throughput sequencing with a well-defined genetic system to study these issues in peanut. Initially, segregating F<sub>2</sub> populations derived from a reciprocal cross between very closely related Virginia-type peanut cultivars with spreading and bunch growth habits were examined. The spreading/bunch trait was shown to be controlled by a single gene with no cytoplasmic effect. That gene was named <i>Bunch1</i> and was significantly correlated with pod yield per plant, time to maturation and the ratio of "dead-end" pods. Subsequently, bulked segregant analysis was performed on 52 completely bunch, and 47 completely spreading F<sub>3</sub> families. In order to facilitate the process of SNP detection and candidate-gene analysis, the transcriptome was used instead of genomic DNA. Young leaves were sampled and bulked. Reads from Illumina sequencing were aligned against the peanut reference transcriptome and the diploid genomes. Inter-varietal SNPs were detected, scored and quality-filtered. Thirty-four candidate SNPs were found to have a bulk frequency ratio value >10 and 6 of those SNPs were found to be located in the genomic region of linkage group B5. Three best hits from that over-represented region were further analyzed in the segregating population. The trait locus was found to be located in a ~1.1 Mbp segment between markers M875 (B5:145,553,897; 1.9 cM) and M255 (B5:146,649,943; 2.25 cM). The method was validated using a population of recombinant inbreed lines of the same cross and a new DNA SNP-array. This study demonstrates the relatively straight-forward utilization of bulk segregant analysis for trait fine-mapping in the low polymeric and heterozygous germplasm of cultivated peanut and provides a baseline for candidate gene discovery and map-based cloning of <i>Bunch1</i>.
Sinus slot technique for simplification and improved orientation of zygomaticus dental implants: a technical note. (2001)

The zygomaticus dental implant, designed by Nobel Biocare for the Brånemark System, is indicated primarily for the severely resorbed maxilla. Though the zygomaticus implant has had a remarkable success rate in a very difficult patient population, there are some shortcomings to the protocol for placement. The sinus slot technique described herein provides a simplified approach to zygomaticus implant placement, as compared to the currently recommended protocol.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Mitochondrial Myopathies (2018)

Mitochondrial myopathies are progressive muscle conditions caused primarily by the impairment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the mitochondria. This causes a deficit in energy production in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), particularly in skeletal muscle. The diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy is reliant on the combination of numerous techniques including traditional histochemical, immunohistochemical, and biochemical testing combined with the fast-emerging molecular genetic techniques, namely next-generation sequencing (NGS). This has allowed for the diagnosis to become more effective in terms of determining causative or novel genes. However, there are currently no effective or disease-modifying treatments available for the vast majority of patients with mitochondrial myopathies. Existing therapeutic options focus on the symptomatic management of disease manifestations. An increasing number of clinical trials have investigated the therapeutic effects of various vitamins, cofactors, and small molecules, though these trials have failed to show definitive outcome measures for clinical practice thus far. In addition, new molecular strategies, specifically mtZFNs and mtTALENs, that cause beneficial heteroplasmic shifts in cell lines harboring varying pathogenic mtDNA mutations offer hope for the future. Moreover, recent developments in the reproductive options for patients with mitochondrial myopathies mean that for some families, the possibility of preventing transmission of the mutation to the next generation is now possible.
Revised Civic Location Format for Presence Information Data Format Location Object (PIDF-LO) (2008)

This document defines an XML format for the representation of civic
location. This format is designed for use with PIDF Location Object
(PIDF-LO) documents. The format is based on the civic address
definition in PIDF-LO, but adds several new elements based on the
civic types defined for DHCP, and adds a hierarchy to address complex
road identity schemes. The format also includes support for the
xml:lang language tag and restricts the types of elements where
appropriate.
Analysis of the photosite reset in FGA image sensors (1990)

An analysis of the photosite reset mechanism in floating gate array image sensors is presented. The photosite elements in these devices consist of a JFET transistor with the gate capacitively coupled to an address line. The addressed cell is reset by forward biasing the gate-drain junction. During evaluation of the first prototype samples it was found that this reset method has some disadvantages for the device dynamic range and the cell-to-cell signal interference. To eliminate these problems, a method of resetting the photocell using the source-gate junction has been developed and experimentally tested. An analysis of the reset method in the steady-state and transient modes of operation is presented as well as an analysis of noise. The results are used to explain the observation of an image lag which has been detected in these sensors and to calculate the photosite sensitivity which is related to the photosite noise floor. It is shown that the introduction of a small amount of bias charge into the photosite improves the image lag characteristic; however, an ideal solution of this problem is not described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A one-pot preparation of silk fibroin modified with polyurethane micro-particles (2013)

In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) tetrol and 4,4′-methylenedi-p-phenyl diisocyanate (MDI) were initially mixed for 10 min at 40 °C, then immediately added to a silk fibroin (SF)–water mixture. The obtained mixture was then added into a mixer to prepare the modified SF. The effects of the polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) content in the modified SF on the structure and properties of the modified SF were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that urethane linkages formed between the SF and the PUP, and that the grafting ratio of the PUP used for preparing the modified SF was 99.1%. Polyurethane micro-particles were dispersed throughout the SF matrix of the modified SF and interacted with the SF matrix through urethane linkages, which strengthened the interface between the two phases. This special structure led to improved strength and elongation of the modified SF at break. The urethane-linked SF and PUP improved the mechanical properties and gave a higher thermal stability than other materials prepared by physical mixing. In addition, compared with the pure silk fibroin, the modified SF demonstrated a higher strength and elongation at break, along with better flexibility and hydrophobicity. These properties were also improved as the PU content was increased. Therefore, a simple and effective method to prepare high performance modified SF was successfully developed.
Natural <i>p</i>‐Menthene Monoterpenes: Synthesis of the Enantiomeric Forms of Wine Lactone, Epi‐wine Lactone, Dill Ether, and Epi‐dill Ether Starting from a Common Intermediate (2004)

Abstract A concise synthesis of the enantiomeric forms of wine lactone ( 5 ), epi‐wine lactone ( 14 ), dill ether ( 6 ), and epi‐dill ether ( 15 ) was accomplished starting from the enantiomeric forms of p ‐mentha‐1,8(10)‐diene‐3,9‐diol ( 8 ) ( Scheme 3 ). The latter compounds were previously prepared in high optical purity by means of lipase‐mediated kinetic resolution, and they were the common building blocks for this divergent synthesis. The key steps were a number of chemo‐ and diastereoselective reactions of which the oxidation of 8 to the lactone 7 (see Table 1 ), the diastereoselective reduction of 7 to the lactones 14 and 5 (see Table 2 ), and the reduction of enol‐ether 16 to ether 15 were studied comprehensively. The effectiveness of this new synthetic approach allows the preparation of the title p ‐menthane monoterpenes, which are of considerable interest to the perfume industry, in high yield and in a few simple experimental steps.
The 28-kDa calbindin-D is a major calcium-binding protein in the basilar papilla of the chick. (1988)

In previous work we identified a basilar papilla protein (BPP23) that appears to be one of the most abundant soluble proteins in the basilar papilla of the chick cochlea. Here we report the purification of protein BPP23 from chick cochlea and the generation of a specific antiserum. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation experiments with this antiserum indicate that BPP23 is a calcium-binding protein very similar, if not identical, to avian calbindin, the 28-kDa vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. Although the basilar papilla contains both receptor hair cells and supporting cells, immunocytochemical studies by others have localized calbindin-like immunoreactivity to the hair cells in the rat auditory receptor epithelium. Our estimates of the abundance of protein BPP23, assuming exclusive localization within the hair cell, indicate a concentration of at least 1 mM. Avian calbindin has four high-affinity (Kd = 0.5 X 10(-6)) calcium-binding sites. The presence of a specific calcium-binding activity at such high levels suggests an important function for cochlear calbindin (BPP23) in hair cell calcium homeostasis and auditory transduction.
B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-Catalyzed Allylation of Secondary Benzyl Acetates with Allylsilanes (2001)

[reaction: see text]. A highly effective protocol for allylation of secondary benzylic alcohol derivatives with allylsilanes in the presence of catalytic amounts of B(C6F5)3 has been developed. Some additional functionalities, such as bromo, acetoxy, and primary benzyloxy groups, were tolerated under these conditions.
Theory of ultrasound Doppler-spectra velocimetry for arbitrary beam and flow configurations (1988)

In conventional ultrasound Doppler systems, the velocity component along the beam axis is derived from the observed frequency shift. Recently, it was verified that by using a pulsed-Doppler system with the beam transversely oriented with respect to the flow, the velocity component transverse to the beam can be derived from the edges of the spectrum. These results are generalized to take into account arbitrary angles of incidence, effects of velocity gradients, arbitrary apertures, and arbitrary source pulses. For uniform apertures and transverse flow, it has been previously shown that the Doppler output spectrum is symmetrical about zero frequency, with its width depending on the Doppler effect due to the transverse velocity and the geometry of the problem. For a beam direction oblique to the velocity, it is shown that the spectrum is now shifted, and is centered about the classical Doppler frequency. For velocity gradients and transverse flows the spectrum remains symmetrical, with the edges corresponding to the maximal velocity; however, the profile becomes peaked at the center. For oblique incidence, an asymmetrical spectrum is obtained and its edges are related to the maximal and minimal velocities within the sampling volume.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hunting Down the Bubble Makers in Fabs (2010)

Based on a simulated non volatile memory fab, we employ data-mining to identify and quantify the apparent causes of work in process bubbles along the process. The chosen bubble formalization methods proved able to detect the phenomenon and enabled its occurrence frequency to be forecasted. In the chosen environment, bubbles seem to be highly correlated with the utilization patterns of the process segment considered.
Photocarcinogenesis (1985)

The role of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the induction of human skin cancer is clear and of major importance. In extensive experiments with UVR on animal (mouse) skin, skin cancer has been produced by repeated exposure to wavelengths between 250 and 320 nm, with the 290-320-nm range being most effective.For the appropriate interpretation of experimental results, factors of importance include choice of experimental animal (haired vs. hairless, age, pigmentation, genetic background), spectral composition of the light source, dose rate, and dose delivery. Spectral component additivity and dose-time reciprocity are among the major areas that require further investigation.The interrelationships between radiation, chemicals, and skin pose special problems. Possible light-chemical interactions that may affect photocarcinogenesis include photochemical alteration of the chemical, ability of the chemical to attach to DNA with formation of strong bonds after exposure to UVR, and enhancement of photocarcinogenesis by a process similar to “tumor promotion”.Photocarcinogenesis appears to be one manifestation of a larger photobiological process involving both local and systemic responses to UVR.
Study on Preparation and Dressing of Nano-graphite Sheets (2005)

The principle of ultrasonic fragmentation and the microstructures of expanded graphite and nano-graphite sheets are analyzed in the paper. The experiments on the conditions of preparation of nano graphite sheets by ultrasonic fragmentation are carried out and on dressing of nano-graphite sheets are also carried out in order to increase its dispersity and compatibility in resin compounds, then factors affecting the size and dressing effect of nano-graphite sheets are discussed, finally, the better conditions of ultrasonic fragmentation, dressing agent and its dosage are given.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Phenol Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes (2001)

Boron-doped diamond electrodes prepared by chemical vapor deposition were used to determine if phenol could be oxidized to Cyclic voltammetry showed that phenol was oxidized by the diamond electrodes and remained electroactive after multiple cycles. Experiments were also run with a flow cell in which 1 L of 10 mM phenol in 0.1 M was circulated through the cell and the total organic carbon (TOC) was monitored as a function of time and cell current. The TOC in solution was reduced from ∼1% to <0.1% with no observable decrease in decomposition rate. This means that the reacted phenol was converted completely to © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.