gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gallium Implantation and Diffusion in Crystalline Germanium (2010)

In the present work, the diffusion of gallium in germanium substrates at low and high implantation doses is investigated for temperatures ranging between 550 and and times of up to 240 min. At a low dose, negligible diffusion is observed for annealing temperatures of up to for 3 h. For higher temperatures, diffusion toward the surface was observed. For the high dose case, two regions can be identified: an immobile part near the peak and a diffusing part at the tail of the Ga profiles. Such behavior could be indicative of a Ga clustering mechanism.
[Typhus and typhus control in German from the social history viewpoint]. (1998)

Etude socio-historique des epidemies de typhus, de la querelle a propos de l'etiologie du typhus abdominal et des moyens de lutte contre le typhus qui se sont developpes en Allemagne, a la fin du 19 e me siecle et au debut du 20 e me siecle. Comparant les taux de mortalite des differentes maladies comme le typhus, le cancer, la tuberculose, et soulevant la question de la propagation du typhus et du cholera par les eaux souterraines, l'A. montre que les epidemies sont indissociables de l'industrialisation et de l'urbanisation des villes, en general, et de l'assainissement et des canalisations d'eau potable en particulier. Les mesures hygieniques et les reformes sanitaires entreprises contre le typhus relevent tant de decisions scientifiques (essor de la bacteriologie et de epidemiologie), sociales (developpement de l'ideal de la sante du peuple) que de strategies militaires (assise du pouvoir central de l'Etat)
The Pharmacokinetics of Ketorolac After Single Postoperative Intranasal Administration in Adolescent Patients (2012)

Administration of ketorolac by the intranasal route resulted in a rapid increase in plasma concentration and may be a useful therapeutic alternative to IV injection in adolescents because plasma concentrations attained with the device are likely to be analgesic (investigational new drug no. 62,829).
Aetiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis (1996)

The hereditary transmission of psoriasis is suggested by epidemiological data and familial association, but remains incompletely defined, not appearing to follow simple autosomal dominant or recessive patterns. The confusion may be due to a multifactorial inheritance, or to inheritance of only a 'predisposition' to disease which requires an environmental stimuli for expression. Recent advances in genetic mapping indicate genetic heterogeneity, and suggest that definition of psoriasis at the level of the gene may soon be possible. Two of the three major pathogenic features of psoriasis--abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes--are secondary to altered growth and maturation kinetics related to the normal wound healing process. The third major pathogenic feature--infiltration of inflammatory components into the skin--can be explained by keratinocyte release of a wide variety of cytokines, immune and inflammatory modulators. Three theories have been proposed for the relationship between epidermal keratinocyte and immunocyte activation. The first theory proposes direct activation of epidermal keratinocytes by physical, chemical, or ultraviolet injury, increasing the synthesis and release of cytokines, which trigger T-lymphocyte activation in an antigen-independent fashion. The other two theories propose persistent T-lymphocyte stimulation as a result of either antigen/superantigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells, or as a result of autoreactivity. One or more of these mechanisms may be operative in different patients, at different times, or in response to different environmental stimuli. Also, the genetic heterogeneity of psoriasis suggests that different mechanisms could be linked to different genetic loci. Advances in understanding the aetiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis suggest the possibility of innovative, targeted therapies.
New techniques for evaluating metabolic brain Injury in newborn infants (1989)

CHANCE, BRITTON PhD; SMITH, DAVID S. MD PhD; DELIVORIA-PAPADOPOULOS, MARIA MD; YOUNKIN, DONALD P. MD Author Information
Electrically small loop antenna using the MNG ground plane structure (2008)

In this paper, the high gain electrically small loop antenna which is satisfied with the small antenna condition ka <1 and MNG MTM condition kr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> les0.5 is proposed. The proposed antenna is designed with the MNG MTM ground structure in order to match a high inductive reactance. Although it has a compact size, the high efficiency and gain are achieved. It will be available to apply to mobile UMTS system.
Neurologic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-type 1 Infection (2003)

A wide variety of neurologic complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection result from HIV-1 itself or secondarily related to immunosuppression. In Korea, the number of HIV-1 seropositive populations is increasing, but little has been known about the neurologic complications of HIV-1 infection. To investigate the neurologic complications in HIV-1 infected Korean patients, we performed a cross-sectional study in consecutive admissions to the Seoul National University Hospital between March 1998 and June 1999. Thirty-four HIV-1 seropositive patients were included. As a result, a total of 26 HIV-1 related neurologic complications were identified from 17 patients. Among them, 10 patients showed cognitive/motor abnormalities: 3 HIV-1-associated dementia and 7 possible HIV-1-associated minor cognitive/motor disorder. Neuromuscular complications were found in 10 patients: 9 distal symmetric polyneuropathy, and 1 possible chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. In 3 patients with focal brain lesions, 2 were presumptively diagnosed as having primary CNS lymphoma, and 1 as having progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the posterior fossa, based on history, clinical findings, serology, radiological appearances, and response to empirical therapy. Other complications included cryptococcal meningitis and only soft neurologic signs without any neurologic disease. Most of these complications (88%) occurred in the advanced stage of infection.
Bragg gratings in multimode and few-mode optical fibers (2000)

Bragg gratings in optical fibers in multimode propagation are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Bragg gratings formed in optical fibers in multimode propagation show multiple reflection peaks or multiple transmission dips in the reflection or transmission spectra, respectively. For standard graded-index multimode fiber, the number of reflection peaks of a Bragg grating depends on excitation condition of propagating modes. The number of reflection peaks of a Bragg grating at around 1.55 /spl mu/m is 19 for highly multimode excitation and 3-4 for lower order mode excitation. We analyze the phase-matching conditions of the propagating modes and identify half of the reflection peaks as the reflection to the same mode and the rest as the reflection to the neighboring modes. In dispersion-shifted fiber, a Bragg grating at around 0.8 /spl mu/m in three-mode propagation shows three reflection peaks in the reflection spectrum. The temperature dependence of each reflection peak is similar to that of a conventional Bragg grating in single-mode fiber. Polarization dependence measured on a Bragg grating in multimode graded-index fiber is negligible. An advantage of Bragg gratings in multimode fiber (MMF) and the applications are discussed.
Private Health Insurance Trends (2021)

The motivation behind ACA was the quest to achieve universal healthcare via subsidies for private insurances, coupled with individual mandate. During the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries, the dominant topic concerned healthcare reform. With the narrowing of the race, attention was turned to the two leading candidates: Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. Whereas Clinton advocated for the individual mandate, Obama advocated for the provision of subsidies. From the perspective of proponents, major motivations included ACA’s capacity to expand coverage, support community health centers, strengthen primary care systems, reward quality of care, provide tax credits, and save the national expenditure on healthcare ‒ while improving living standards via quality care; which would translate into improved workplace productivity. Groups that opposed ACA included small business organizations, Republicans, conservative advocacy groups, and labor unions. Major reasons cited included disruptions to the existing health plans, and higher costs accruing from new insurance standards. The implication for health care practitioners and providers is that political debates surround health care practices and that the need for responsiveness cannot be overemphasized.
Design and Fabrication of Low Speed Wind Tunnel (2021)

A slow wind tunnel should be designed and built. This project involved the design and construction of the small wind tunnel. During this project, a computer aided design (CAD) called ANSYS will be used to design the wind tunnel.
Phosphine-Iminoquinoline Iron Complexes for Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization (2017)

The synthesis and olefin polymerization behavior of a series of new phosphine-iminoquinoline iron complexes is described. Upon activation, the iron complexes are highly active for ethylene polymerization, producing low molecular weight (MW) linear polyethylene (PE) with activities up to 108 g of PE/((mol of Fe) h). This activity is comparable to that of the most active bis(imino)pyridine iron catalysts and heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts. The MWs and molecular weight distributions (MWDs) of the resulting polymers can be controlled by the modification of the catalyst structures. In addition, upon activation the iron complexes are capable of copolymerizing ethylene with 1-octene, giving copolymers with α-olefin incorporation up to 8.8%.
Magnetic resonance microscopy and spectroscopy reveal kinetics of cryoprotectant permeation in a multicompartmental biological system. (1996)

Successful cryopreservation of most multicompartmental biological systems has not been achieved. One prerequisite for success is quantitative information on cryoprotectant permeation into and amongst the compartments. This report describes direct measurements of cryoprotectant permeation into a multicompartmental system using chemical shift selective magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy and MR spectroscopy. We used the developing zebrafish embryo as a model for studying these complex systems because these embryos are composed of two membrane-limited compartments: (i) a large yolk (surrounded by the yolk syncytial layer) and (ii) differentiating blastoderm cells (each surrounded by a plasma membrane). MR images of the spatial distribution of three cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene glycol, and methanol) demonstrated that methanol permeated the entire embryo within 15 min. In contrast, the other cryoprotectants exhibited little or no permeation over 2.5 h. MR spectroscopy and microinjections of cryoprotectants into the yolk inferred that the yolk syncytial layer plays a critical role in limiting the permeation of some cryoprotectants throughout the embryo. This study demonstrates the power of MR technology combined with micromanipulation for elucidating key physiological factors in cryobiology.
<i>Thauera</i> (2015)

Abstract Thau'e.ra. M.L. fem. n. Thauera named after R.K. Thauer, a German microbiologist. Rods 0.5–1.4 × 1.4–3.7 μm , usually occurring singly. Some species exhibit great variability of cell form, from rods to coccoid forms of different sizes. Gram negative. Most species are motile . No resting stages known. Oxidase positive . Catalase positive. Colonies on minimal medium are nonpigmented. Aerobic , having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism; never fermentative. Molecular oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide are used as terminal electron acceptors , and the nitrogen oxides are reduced to N 2 O or N 2 ; one species also uses selenate, which is reduced to elemental Se. Optimal temperature 28–40°C. All species grow at pH 7.5; pH optima of different species range from 7.2 to 8.4. Chemoorganotrophic, using various organic acids, amino acids, and aromatic and aliphatic compounds as sole substrates. Only a few carbohydrates are utilized . Ammonium and nitrate salts can be used as sole nitrogen sources. No N 2 fixation known. Not proteolytic on casein or gelatin. Starch, cellulose, chitin, and agar are not hydrolyzed. Occur in polluted freshwater and wet soil environments and wastewater treatment plants. The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 64–69. Type species : Thauera selenatis Macy, Rech, Auling, Dorsch, Stackebrandt and Sly 1993, 140. Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Thauera is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Pseudomonadati / Pseudomonadota / Betaproteobacteria / Rhodocyclales / Zoogloeaceae / Thauera The genus Thauera can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Thauera (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Pseudomonadota / c__Gammaproteobacteria / o__Burkholderiales / f__Rhodocyclaceae / g__Thauera * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
논문 : Fe-V을 첨가한 용융 붕사욕에서 강의 탄화물 형성에 관한 연구 (1991)

강의 내마모성과 내식성을 증가시키기 위하여 종래의 방법보다 우수한 확산표면경화처리에 대하여 연구하였다. 무수붕사(Na₂B₄O_7)를 주체로 하는 해당염욕에 첨가물로서 -100mesh의 Fe-V를 첨가한 후 각각 탄소량을 달리하는 시편을 침적시켜 탄화물층의 형성유무와 탄화물층과 침적시간과의 관계 및 피처리재중의 탄소량과의 관계에 대하여 조사하였고, 탄화물층내의 미소경도를 측정하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다.
(1) 탄화물층은 모재표면의 C원자와 붕사욕 중에 용출된 V와 결합에 의하여 형성되고 형성된 탄화물층 속으로 확산해서 모재 중의 C원자가 표면에 보급되는 것에 의해서 성장한다.
(2) 탄화물층의 두께는 온도와 탄소량이 일정할 경우 침적시간의 1/2승에 비례하였다. 또한 온도와 침적시간이 일정할 경우 탄소량이 증가할수록 탄화물층의 두께는 증가하였다.
(3) 시편의 표면에 형성된 탄화물층은 VC층이었으며, 이 탄화물층 내의 미소경도는 H_v 3,000이상이다.
The Role of Inflammation and Inflammatory Mediators in the Development, Progression, Metastasis, and Chemoresistance of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2018)

Inflammation plays a role in the initiation and development of many types of cancers, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), a type of EOC. There are connections between EOC and both peritoneal and ovulation-induced inflammation. Additionally, EOCs have an inflammatory component that contributes to their progression. At sites of inflammation, epithelial cells are exposed to increased levels of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species, cytokines, prostaglandins, and growth factors that contribute to increased cell division, and genetic and epigenetic changes. These exposure-induced changes promote excessive cell proliferation, increased survival, malignant transformation, and cancer development. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment environment (TME) contributes to EOC metastasis and chemoresistance. In this review we will discuss the roles inflammation and inflammatory mediators play in the development, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance of EOC.
Differences in HCV‐specific T cell responses between chronic HCV infection and HIV/HCV co‐infection (2005)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were investigated using a panel of 728 overlapping peptides spanning the whole HCV genome in 47 HCV mono-infected and 26 HIV/HCV co-infected individuals using the IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay and flow cytometry. The frequency of HCV-specific T cell responses was similar (approximately 40%) in both groups, but the breadth of the T cell responses tended to be reduced in HIV/HCV co-infected individuals. Of interest, 23 new HCV-derived epitopes were identified, and CD4+ HCV-specific T cell responses were detected overall in a proportion similar to CD8+ T cell responses. A tendency towards a dominant CD8+ T cell response was associated with HIV/HCV co-infection. HCV-specific CD8+ T cells secreted both IL-2 and IFN-gamma, although a reduction in the percentage of IL-2/IFN-gamma-secreting cells was observed in HIV/HCV co-infected individuals. The increase in CD4+ T cell counts after antiretroviral therapy in HIV/HCV co-infected individuals was not associated with restoration of HCV-specific T cell responses. Altogether, these results provide new insights into the characterization of HCV-specific T cell responses in HCV mono-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected individuals.
Studies on sulfinatodehalogenation XIII. A new sulfinatodehalogenation reagent system: NaHSO<sub>3</sub>/K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] (1991)

Abstract The reaction of perfluoroalkyl iodide or perfluoroalkyl bromide with sulfite radical anion (SO 2 ) generated from sodium bisulfite / potassium ferricyanide in water/ DMF at 70—75°C gave the corresponding perfluoroalkanesulfinate in good yield. Furthermore, it was shown that the reagent system can also initiate the addition of perfluoroalkyl iodide to olefins or alkynes at 50—65°C.
Interchannel optical coupling within arrays of linear microplasmas generated in 25–200μm wide glass channels (2010)

Axially uniform microcavity plasmas with widths of 25–200 μm and aspect ratios as high as 500 have been generated in glass microchannels. Sealed in cavities 2.5 cm in length and having a cross-sectional area of 2.5×102–104 μm2, these microplasmas operate in the abnormal glow regime with neutral particle temperatures of 365–420 K when the rare gas pressure is 200–700 Torr. In arrays as large as ten parallel microchannel plasmas, evidence of optical coupling among the channels is observed in the form of strongly enhanced atomic emission which is attributed to electron heating driven by the resonant absorption of scattered radiation.
Structural changes of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">ZrO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CeO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>solid solutions around the monoclinic-tetragonal phase boundary (1995)

High-resolution neutron-diffraction experiments have been performed to study the structural changes of ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ induced by ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ doping. The crystal structures of monoclinic [P${2}_{1}$/c, Z=4] and tetragonal [P${4}_{2}$/nmc, Z=2] phases for ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$--X mol % ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ (X=0, 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15) have been refined by the Rietveld analysis of the diffraction patterns measured at 298 K. The unit-cell parameters change anisotropically with an increase of ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ content X. In the monoclinic phase ${\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{m}}$ and ${\mathit{c}}_{\mathit{m}}$ increase considerably while ${\mathit{b}}_{\mathit{m}}$ shows a rather small increase with increasing X where the suffix m denotes the monoclinic phase. The angle ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}_{\mathit{m}}$ decreases with increasing X. The thermal ellipsoids also show large anisotropies, which correlate strongly with the directions of the movements of oxygen ions during the phase transition. The unit-cell parameters and the atomic positions discontinuously change during the monoclinic-tetragonal phase change. The crystal structure of monoclinic phase approaches that of tetragonal phase with an increase of X: (1) the length of ${\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{m}}$ approaches that of ${\mathit{b}}_{\mathit{m}}$ with increasing X, (2) the angle ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}_{\mathit{m}}$ decreases with X, and (3) all positional parameters of the monoclinic phase approach those of the tetragonal structure.
Stem cell‐derived endothelial cells for cardiovascular disease: a therapeutic perspective (2012)

Stem cell therapy and organ regeneration are therapeutic approaches that will, we suggest, become mainstream for the treatment of human disease. Endothelial cells, which line the luminal surface of every vessel in the body, are essential components in any organ regeneration programme. There are a number of potentially therapeutic endothelial cell types, including embryonic, adult progenitor and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells, as well as host vascular cells. The features (benefits as well as disadvantages) of each cell type that make them potentially useful in therapy are important to consider. The field of stem cell biology is well developed in terms of protocols for generating endothelium. However, where there is a distinct and urgent unmet need for knowledge concerning how the endothelial cells from these different sources function as endothelium and how susceptible they may be to inflammation and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, where stem cells have been used in clinical trials there is little commonality in protocols for deriving the cells (and thereby the specific phenotype of cells used), administering the cells, dosing the cells and/or in assessing efficacy attributed to the cells themselves. This review discusses these and other issues relating to stem cell-derived endothelial cells in cell therapy for cardiovascular disease.
A novel SVM based approach for noisy data elemination (2010)

In this paper we propose a novel Support Vector Machine(SVM) based approach for noisy data removal from datasets. It is observed that the instability present in the dataset greatly affects the overall performance of the any classifier. Hence, we propose a methodology for removal of such instabilities. In the proposed approach, we proceed by determining the clusters formed using support equilibrium points. Then analyzing, each cluster and remove the noisy data using the accuracy factor. Our approach, provide an important feature for reducing the training time and reducing the misclassification test error. The methodology if adopted for classifiers before the training phase will enhance the efficiency of the system. The approach is being tested on benchmark dataset, and it is observed that the efficiency of classifier increased by 15-20%.
Antilymphocyte Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association with Disease Activity and Lymphopenia (2014)

ALA occurred more frequently in patients with active SLE and was independently associated with lymphopenia, disease activity, and LN.
Accurate audio-segment classification using feature extraction matrix (2006)

This paper proposes an accurate audio signal classification method using a feature extraction matrix. The proposed method classifies the segments of the audio signal into the following five audio classes: silence, speech, music, speech with music background, and speech with noise background. In this classification, a diagonal matrix, which is called the feature extraction matrix, is utilized in order to extract the effective audio features for the classification. By using this feature extraction matrix, the five audio classes are clearly separated each other in the feature space, and thereby highly precise classification can be attained. Experimental results performed by applying the proposed method to real audio signals are shown to verify its high performance.