gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of peri‐implant bone defects using impacted bone allograft and BMP‐2 gene‐modified bone marrow stromal cells (2009)

Impaction bone allografting represents an attractive procedure for bone defects reconstruction in joint replacement. And it was found that bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) gene therapy can enhance bone healing. The purpose of this study was to determine if combined adenovirus mediated human BMP-2(Adv-hBMP-2) gene-modified bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) with allograft enhanced the defects healing and improved the strength of implant fixation in 3-mm bone defect around a titanium alloy implant. Using the impaction grafting technique, the defects were reconstructed using freeze-dried allograft, freeze-dried allografts loaded with autogenous BMSCs, or freeze-dried allografts loaded with autogenous BMSCs modified with the human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2) gene. At 6 and 12 weeks, the Bone-implant Contact rate and strength of the interface in the group with BMP-2 gene medication were significantly higher than those of the non-cell or cell groups. BMP-2 gene medication also showed significant effects on allograft healing and replacement compared with those of two other groups, as evidenced by increased new bone formation and reduced graft remnants. The results suggest that BMP-2 gene medication can enhance allograft healing and osseointegration of the bone-implant interface.
CAMBRIDGE PRIZE LECTURE. STUDIES ON THE SENSITIVITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA TO HOP BITTER ACIDS (1993)

Hop bitter acids act as mobile-carrier ionophores. They inhibit the growth of beer-spoilage bacteria by dissipating the transmembrane pH gradient. Their activity is pH dependent. Low pH favours antibacterial activity but high pH reduces it. Resistance to hop bitter acids is a stable character, associated only with beer-spoilage lactic acid bacteria. Hop-resistant organisms can maintain a larger transmembrane pH gradient and ATP pool than can hop-sensitive organisms. Prior exposure of bacteria to trans-isohumulone does not influence the degree of resistance to hop bitter acids. However, in some strains, exposure to trans-isohumulone does induce the ability to spoil beer. The chemistry of these compounds is more complex than previously thought. In aqueous solutions, such as beer, hop acids bind to metal ions and may be covalently hydrated.
Interferon Alfacon-1 Plus Corticosteroids in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (2003)

In this preliminary, uncontrolled study of patients with SARS, use of interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids was associated with reduced disease-associated impaired oxygen saturation, more rapid resolution of radiographic lung abnormalities, and lower levels of creatine kinase. These findings suggest that further investigation may be warranted to determine the role of interferon alfacon-1 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of SARS.
Isolation and Characterization of a Bacteriophage Lytic for <i>Desulfovibrio salexigens,</i> a Salt-Requiring, Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium (1989)

A bacteriophage that lysed Desulfovibrio salexigens cells was isolated from marine sediments and preliminarily characterized by electron microscopy and electrophoretic analysis of structural proteins and genomic nucleic acid. The bacteriophage had an icosahedral head and a long flexible tail, and the buoyant density of the bacteriophage particles was 1.468 g/ml in cesium chloride. The particles consisted of a double-stranded DNA molecule about 33 kilobase pairs long and at least 11 structural proteins.
An ectopic human <i>XIST</i> gene can induce chromosome inactivation in postdifferentiation human HT-1080 cells (2002)

It has been believed that XIST RNA requires a discrete window in early development to initiate the series of chromatin-remodeling events that form the heterochromatic inactive X chromosome. Here we investigate four adult male HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell lines expressing ectopic human XIST and demonstrate that these postdifferentiation cells can undergo chromosomal inactivation outside of any normal developmental context. All four clonal lines inactivated the transgene-containing autosome to varying degrees and with variable stability. One clone in particular consistently localized the ectopic XIST RNA to a discrete chromosome territory that exhibited striking hallmarks of inactivation, including long-range transcriptional inactivation. Results suggest that some postdifferentiation cell lines are capable of de novo chromosomal inactivation; however, long-term retention of autosomal inactivation was less common, which suggests that autosomal inactivation may confer a selective disadvantage. These results have fundamental significance for understanding genomic programming in early development.
Building Height Retrieval From VHR SAR Imagery Based on an Iterative Simulation and Matching Technique (2009)

Experimental airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems achieve spatial resolutions of approximately 10 cm, whereas the new spaceborne very high spatial resolution (VHR) SAR sensors onboard the TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed satellites achieve spatial resolutions down to 1 m. In VHR SAR data, features from individual urban structures (i.e., buildings) can be identified by their characteristic settings in urban settlement patterns. In this paper, we present a novel concept for the height estimation of generic man-made structures from single detected SAR data. The proposed approach is based on the definition of a hypothesis on the height of the building and on the simulation of a SAR image for testing that hypothesis. A matching procedure is applied between the estimated and the actual SAR image in order to test the height hypothesis. The process is iterated for different height assumptions until the matching function is optimized, and thus, the building height is estimated. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated on a set of 40 flat- and gable-roof buildings using two submeter VHR airborne and two 1-m resolution TerraSAR-X SAR scenes all acquired from the same residential area in Dorsten, Germany. The results show that, in the absence of string disturbing effects, the method is able to estimate the height of flat- and gable-roof buildings in the submeter data to the order of a meter, while the accuracy for the meter resolution spaceborne data is lower but still sufficient to estimate the number of floors of a building.
Experimental study of a mini cooler by using Peltier thermoelectric cell (2020)

Abstract A 20 x 26 x 18 mm mini thermoelectric Peltier cooler was designed and built in this study. The Peltier thermoelectric cell was sandwiched between an external and internal heat sinks that acted to remove heat from the cooler box. When the Peltier thermoelectric cell connected to an external power source, the Peltier effect caused the heat from the refrigerator internal space to be conducted and removed to the ambient. The experimental data from this study were used to validate the theoretical thermal resistance model. It was found that the Peltier cooler was able to produce COP higher than 0.5 which the output was quite high compared to previous studies. This cooler was able to lower cooler box temperature down to 18.5 °C from the ambient temperature by removing 25W of heat. In the future, the validated theoretical model could be used to estimate the suitable design parameter such as the type of heat sinks, the size of the cooler, the cooling temperature and the cooler performance including the coefficient of performance (COP).
Slider Design Optimization for Lube-Surfing Head-Disk Interface Scheme (2010)

The stringent magnetic spacing requirement of future high-density magnetic disk drives requires new head disk interface scheme. One possible approach is the lube-surfing scheme-where majority of the slider body is flying while the reader/writer (R/W) element is thermally protruded to contact and penetrate the disk lubricant. This scheme, however, has many challenges to overcome to be feasible. One of these challenges is a slider with improved disk waviness-following capability especially for waviness with wavelength less than half the slider length. This paper explores air bearing design strategies to improve the waviness-following performance of a Femto slider. We propose a ¿W-shaped¿ trailing pad slider and investigated the impact of pad layout, etching depth and trailing pad size to the disk waviness-following performance. We have also incorporated a trenched trailing pad structure to reduce air bearing pressure over the R/W element so as to minimize the loss in air bearing pressure during lube contact and to improve the actuation efficiency.
Architectural considerations for cryptanalytic hardware (1997)

We examine issues in high-performance cryptanalysis, focusing onthe use of programmable logic. Several standard techniques from computer architecture are adapted and applied to this application. We present performance measurements for RC4, A5, DES, and CDMF; these measurements were taken from actual implementations. We conclude byestimating the resources needed to break these encryption algorithms. 1
Age of selection counts: a cross-country comparison of educational institutions (2008)

In this paper I combine a theoretically developed construction of the school to work transition literature, namely the stratification and standardization dimensions of the education system, and the more data oriented inequality of opportunity research of the economics of education.I collect several possible indicators for both dimensions to compare the countries: utilizing the PISA 2003 data and some other OECD sources I run multilevel analysis to test the effect of the collected country level stratification and standardization indicators on the inequality and on the effectiveness of education.Inequality of opportunity is indicated by the size of the parental background effect on the PISA literacy scores, while effectiveness is the literacy score adjusted for parental background and other individual characteristics.The results show that stratification associates strongly and positively with the inequality of educational opportunity, while standardization in general seems to enhance equality.I reject that stratification would increase effectiveness, and the association between standardization and effectiveness is not straightforward.The most robust finding of the study is that the early age of selection links closely with high inequality of opportunity.
Information appliances: gadget Netopia (1998)

With the convergence of so many disparate technologies over the past few years, it makes sense that we are now seeing PC descendants emerge as a breed of entirely new products that use their inherited technologies in innovative ways. These inherited technologies include wireless connectivity, Internet access and ultraportability. The combination of these and other technologies is forming a new class of devices known as information appliances (IAs). IAs-a class of products that also includes Web-enabled TVs-are related to desktop computers, but unlike network computers, IAs aren't crippled PCs. IAs are a separate class of devices defining new sets of applications. In fact, they are defining several new categories of computing. Initially, these devices will add functionality to the two killer applications of consumer electronics: television and e-mail. Eventually, however, they will pull away from the more obvious extensions (like wireless handhelds and e-mail-enabled cellular phones) and find their way into cars, wristwatches, kitchen appliances, and just about anything else that can be made more useful by extending typical capabilities with new technology. Every appliance will eventually become an IA, but not as soon as some people think. The challenge for vendors is how to design and manufacture extremely easy-to-use yet sophisticated devices at prices that will attract the masses. The technical hurdles are great and the market risks are clear, but the rewards will be huge. This tension is perfect for fomenting the next revolution in computing.
『삼국사기(三國史記)』 사화(史話)의 문학적 변용양상과 의미 (2012)

이 논문은 를 대상으로 『삼국사기』 史話의 변용양상과 의미를 밝힌 논문이다. 이를 위하여 『삼국사기』가 김부식이라는 고려인에 의한 삼국사 재구라면 는 조선조 지식인에 의한 『삼국사기』다시 읽기라는 관점을 취하였다. 이러한 관점을 바탕으로 『삼국사기』의 사화를 가장 많이 수용한 김종직, 이익, 오광운의 작품을 대상으로 역사 읽기의 양상과 특징을 살펴보고, 문학적 변용의 몇 가지 국면과 의미를 살펴보았다. 는 『삼국유사』보다는 『삼국사기』 사화를 주된 시적 모티프로 삼고 있다. 이는 시를 통해 正史를 재현하려는 의도에서 비롯된 것으로 보인다. 한편 이들 작품에 공통적으로 사용된 모티프는 주로 『삼국사기』 열전에 나오는 비극적 숭고미를 보여준 영웅의 모습이었다. 이들은 이념의 효율적 감화를 쉽게 유도할 수 있는 모티프라는 특성이 있다. 이를 통해 볼 때 조선조 창작자들은 『삼국사기』에서 유교적 이념 찾기를 시도한 것으로 보인다. 그러나 각각의 작품에 나타난 문학적 변용 양상은 몇 가지로 구분된다. 역사적 서사를 복원하려는 방식, 현재적 관점에서 사화를 재조명하여 그것의 의미를 재평가하려는 방식, 역사적 장면을 그대로 재현하는 방식 등 다양한 국면으로 나타난다. 이상의 연구는 를 통해 그동안 부각되지 않았던 조선조 지식인의 『삼국사기』읽기 방식과, 이를 통해 역사를 이야기하는 방식을 구명하는 데 기여할 것이다.
Effect of Oligonucleotide Truncation on Single-Nucleotide Distinction by Solid-Phase Hybridization (2001)

Oligonucleotide microarrays are used to analyze target sequences on the basis of differences in hybridization stability between matched and mismatched probe-target duplexes. DNA microarray manufacture via photolithographic synthesis generates a minority of full-length oligonucleotide probes along with a series of 5'-truncated contaminants. In a model experiment, we now investigate the effect of truncated oligonucleotides on the ability to distinguish target sequence variants that differ in a single nucleotide position. A series of oligonucleotides, mixed in proportions simulating stepwise synthetic yields of between 82 and 100%, were bound to a solid support and allowed to hybridize to a target molecule. The extent of hybridization was monitored over a range of temperatures via the fluorescence of a double-strand-specific dye. The discriminatory power of pure oligonucleotide probes was found to be significantly greater than that of a population of truncated probes, but only over a limited temperature interval. We conclude that at optimal temperatures greater oligonucleotide quality can improve the performance of oligonucleotide hybridization microarrays.
Dynamic mechanical properties of a TiO<sub>2</sub>‐filled crosslinked epoxy resin from 20–90°C. (1967)

Abstract Dynamic mechanical measurements were made with a torsional pendulum of a TiO filled epoxy polymer (crosslinked with hexamethylene diamine) over a temperature range from 20–90°C., at filler concentrations of 0–40 wt.‐%. The second‐order transition temperature ( T g ) was raised as the filler content increased. The behavior of TiO 2 filler results in a long‐range immobilization of the highly crosslinked system with resultant increases in shear modulus (higher G ′) as well as decreased capacity for energy dissipation (lower damping factor). The out‐of‐phase modulus ( G ″) increased with filler content as well. The magnitudes of the slope parameters H r (representing G ′ data above T g ) and H g (representing G ′ data below T g ) decreased with greater filler content. The possibility is set forth that the TiO 2 filler causes a different distribution of mobility around the nitrogen junction as well as a change in the effective number of CH 2 units between crosslinks.
The Complexity of Quantum States and Transformations: From Quantum Money to Black Holes (2016)

These are lecture notes from a weeklong course in quantum complexity theory taught at the Bellairs Research Institute in Barbados, February 21-25, 2016. The focus is quantum circuit complexity---i.e., the minimum number of gates needed to prepare a given quantum state or apply a given unitary transformation---as a unifying theme tying together several topics of recent interest in the field. Those topics include the power of quantum proofs and advice states; how to construct quantum money schemes secure against counterfeiting; and the role of complexity in the black-hole information paradox and the AdS/CFT correspondence (through connections made by Harlow-Hayden, Susskind, and others). The course was taught to a mixed audience of theoretical computer scientists and quantum gravity / string theorists, and starts out with a crash course on quantum information and computation in general.
In vitro synthesis of IgE by human lymphocytes. I. The spontaneous secretion of IgE by B lymphocytes from allergic individuals: a model to investigate the regulation of human IgE synthesis. (1984)

In view of the controversial data in the literature regarding the in vitro IgE synthesis by human lymphocytes, the conditions for culture of lymphocytes and the methodology for measurement of the IgE produced are described in detail. In the absence of any added mitogen, enriched B cell preparations derived from 70% of allergic donors actively secreted 100 to 3200 pg/ml of IgE after culture for 7 days, at which time the cell viability was higher than 85%. In comparable B cell cultures derived from non-allergic donors, only trace amounts of de novo synthesized IgE were detected in 20% of the cases. All B cell cultures actively secreted IgG, IgA, IgM and there was no apparent relationship between the secretion of IgE and that of the other classes of Ig. By contrast, the synthesis of IgE by unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic individuals, which were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) under several experimental conditions, was not consistently reproducible, i.e. the spontaneous synthesis of IgE in such cultures was either suppressed or enhanced by PWM. The most important finding was that the secretion of IgE was selectively enhanced by supplementing the B cell cultures with cell-free supernatants (CFS) of cultures of neonatal lymphocytes which had been preincubated with 10 micrograms/ml IgE. It is, therefore, concluded that B cell cultures from allergic individuals constitute an appropriate model for investigations of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of human IgE synthesis.
Physicochemical properties of PM-factor, a surface-active agent produced by<i>Pseudomonas marginalis</i> (1996)

An extracellular surface-active agent, PM-factor, was obtained by high-speed centrifugation from the culture broth of Pseudomonas marginalis PD-14B. PM-factor exhibited emulsifying activity on a broad spectrum of hydrocarbon liquids, including aromatics, aliphatics, crude oil, and creosote. The factor appeared as ball-shaped particles of varying diameter when examined by electron microscopy (0.16-1.4 microns). Gel filtration chromatography demonstrated a high molecular mass of the factor (> 10(6) Da). The ultraviolet absorption spectrum manifested a peak in the region 200 nm rather in the region 260-280 nm. Amino acid analysis showed a very low amount of aromatic amino acids residues in the protein moiety of PM-factor. The presence of 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid, heptose, hexosamine, phosphorus, and 3-hydroxy fatty acid indicated that PM-factor contained lipopolysaccharide. The emulsifying activity of PM-factor was inhibited strongly by mercuric chloride and moderately by EDTA. Polymyxin B, Ca2+, and Mg2+ markedly stimulated the factors emulsifying activity. Roles of the bioemulsifier in the functioning of P. marginalis as a plant pathogen and in bioremediation are discussed.
Oranga (2018)

 The book “The Tail of the Fish” was publised in 1968 and written by a Te Aupouri kuia, Matire Kereama (nee: Hoeft) of the far north of Aotearoa, New Zealand. I grew up with this book as my grandmother would read the stories to me at bedtime. Although my comprehension of each story was very vague and unrelatable to my life at that time, today, I find myself totally absorbed by the historical content and knowledge encapsulated in each chapter. I completed a Masters of Applied Indigenous Knowledge at Te Wananga o Aotearoa in 2017, entitled; Tales of the singing fish: He tangi wairua. I compsed twelve waiata (Maori songs) of which ten of the waiata was information extracted from ten chapters of the book. The other two waiata were composed specifically for my people of the Te Rarawa tribe, namely, Ahipara. After a baby was born, being a male child, his navel or pito was very carefully treated.
γ-Hydroxybutyrate Concentrations in Pre- and Postmortem Blood and Urine (1998)

With γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) becoming popular as a drug of abuse in the US and elsewhere (1), we are receiving increasing requests for the analytical determination of GHB in blood or urine in criminal investigations, especially in sexual assault cases. In a recent report of a fatal poisoning with GHB, the victim had a postmortem blood GHB concentration of 27 mg/L (2), and another three GHB-related fatalities were reported with postmortem …
New Directions in Solid State Chemistry (1997)

In the new edition of this widely praised textbook, all the chapters have been revised and the authors have brought the work completely up to date by the addition of new material on numerous topics. In recent years, solid state chemistry has emerged as a very important element of mainstream chemistry and materials science. Students, teachers and researchers need to understand the chemistry of solids because of the crucial role this plays in determining the properties of materials. An understanding of solid state chemistry is also essential in materials design, and many fascinating relationships between the structure and properties of solids have been discovered by chemists. This text requires only an understanding of basic physics, chemistry and crystallography, and is enhanced with the most recent examples, case studies and references. It will be of value to advanced students and researchers studying solid state chemistry and materials science as a text and reference work.
Gold nanoparticles from self-assembled gold(i) amine precursors (2000)

The reaction of AuCl(THT) (1) with long chain primary amines (CnH2n+1NH2; n = 8, 12, 16) leads to the formation of the complexes AuCl(NH2R) (R = C8H17, 2; C12H25, 3; C16H33, 4) which are characterized by classical methods and shown to self-organize in the solid state into a fibrous material; decomposition of the complexes inside the supramolecular framework yields a monolayer of ordered gold nanoparticles.
The Importance of Energy Balance in Improving Photosynthetic Productivity  (2010)

Current proposals to improve photosynthesis to meet our energy and food needs include the following: (1) improving the performance of Rubisco; (2) decreasing photorespiration by turning C3 plants into C4 plants, installing algal or cyanobacterial carbon-concentrating mechanisms into higher plant
Predicting speech intelligibility based on the signal-to-noise envelope power ratio after modulation-frequency selective processing (2011)

A model for predicting the intelligibility of processed noisy speech is proposed. The speech-based envelope power spectrum model has a similar structure as the model of Ewert and Dau [(2000). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108, 1181-1196], developed to account for modulation detection and masking data. The model estimates the speech-to-noise envelope power ratio, SNR(env), at the output of a modulation filterbank and relates this metric to speech intelligibility using the concept of an ideal observer. Predictions were compared to data on the intelligibility of speech presented in stationary speech-shaped noise. The model was further tested in conditions with noisy speech subjected to reverberation and spectral subtraction. Good agreement between predictions and data was found in all cases. For spectral subtraction, an analysis of the model's internal representation of the stimuli revealed that the predicted decrease of intelligibility was caused by the estimated noise envelope power exceeding that of the speech. The classical concept of the speech transmission index fails in this condition. The results strongly suggest that the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of a modulation frequency selective process provides a key measure of speech intelligibility.