gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multihop lightwave networks: a comparison of store-and-forward and hot-potato routing (1992)

The achievable aggregate capacity for a variant of the basic multihop approach in which minimum distance store-and-forward routing is replaced by a hot-potato routing algorithm is determined. With hot-potato routing, all packets simultaneously arriving at a given node and not intended for reception at that node are immediately placed onto the outbound links leaving that node; if two or more packets contend for the same outgoing link to achieve a minimum distance routing, then all but one will be misrouted to links which produce longer paths to the eventual destination. Attention is confined to the development of an analytical methodology for finding the probability distribution of the number of hops with hot potato routing for symmetric networks under uniform traffic load. Results show that the maximum throughput achievable with hot-potato routing can be as low as 25% of that for store-and-forward routing, and that the relative degradation increases as the number of nodes grows larger. This implies that the link speed up needed to produce a significant overall capacity advantage with hot potato should be at least a factor of 10.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plasma concentrations of reputed tumor-associated soluble CD44 isoforms (v5 and v6) in smokers are dose related and decline on smoking cessation. (2000)

There is some evidence to suggest that smoking may affect circulating levels of CD44 (sCD44) molecules. Therefore, we investigated the effect of smoking on the circulating level of sCD44 by comparing the change in total sCD44, sCD44v5, and sCD44v6 concentrations over 1 year in a group of people who quit smoking (n = 30) and a control group of people who continued to smoke (n = 30). Smoking status and compliance were monitored by analysis of plasma cotinine and expired CO levels and also by self-reported tobacco use. We show a dose-dependent relationship between smoke intake and baseline plasma concentrations of reputed tumor-associated CD44 variant isoforms (sCD44v5 and sCD44v6) in smokers (n = 60). There was a significant decline in the level of both sCD44v5 and sCD44v6 in quitters as compared with continuing smokers [-13.2 (95% confidence interval, -7.6 to -18.8; P < 0.001) and -62.2 ng/ml (95% confidence interval, -33.9 to -90.6; P < 0.001), respectively], but not in the total sCD44 concentration. These results show that the increased concentrations of sCD44v5 and sCD44v6 in smokers are dose related and reversible and suggest that the attributed diagnostic specificity and prognostic value of sCD44 molecules in malignant and inflammatory disease may be affected by smoking status.
Amino acid composition of salmon calcitonin (1969)

Calcitonin has been extracted from salmon ultimobranchial glands and purified. The amino acid composition indicates similarities to mammalian calcitonin but the salmon hormone has 25 times the biological activity of the most active mammalian material.
High-Performance and Low-Power CMOS Device Technologies Featuring Metal/High-k Gate Stacks with Uniaxial Strained Silicon Channels on (100) and (110) Substrates (2006)

CMOS technologies using metal/high-k damascene gate stacks with uniaxial strained silicon channels were developed. Gate electrodes of HfSix and TiN were applied to nFETs and pFETs, respectively. TiN/HfO2 damascene gate stacks and epitaxial SiGe source/drains were successfully integrated for the first time. As a result, drive currents of 1050 and 710 uA/um at Vdd=1 V, Ioff= 100 nA/um and Tinv=1.6 nm were obtained for the nFETs and pFETs. The further integration of pFETs on (110) substrates contributed to a higher drive current of 830 uA/um. These performances were realized under low gate leakage currents of 0.03 A/cm2 and below.
β-Cell Function Declines Within the First Year Postpartum in Women With Recent Glucose Intolerance in Pregnancy (2010)

Women with GDM and GIGT exhibit declining beta-cell function in the 1st year postpartum that likely contributes to their future diabetic risk.
Predicting Vulnerable Software Components through N-Gram Analysis and Statistical Feature Selection (2015)

Vulnerabilities need to be detected and removed from software. Although previous studies demonstrated the usefulness of employing prediction techniques in deciding about vulnerabilities of software components, the accuracy and improvement of effectiveness of these prediction techniques is still a grand challenging research question. This paper proposes a hybrid technique based on combining N-gram analysis and feature selection algorithms for predicting vulnerable software components where features are defined as continuous sequences of token in source code files, i.e., Java class file. Machine learning-based feature selection algorithms are then employed to reduce the feature and search space. We evaluated the proposed technique based on some Java Android applications, and the results demonstrated that the proposed technique could predict vulnerable classes, i.e., software components, with high precision, accuracy and recall.
Some organic syntheses with clay-supported reagents (1983)

Abstract Some uses of clay-supported reagents in fine organic synthesis are discussed, in particular the catalysis of the phase-transfer preparation of formaldehyde acetals by quaternary ammonium montmorillonites. The preparation and some applications of clay-supported ferric nitrate, a new reagent which oxidizes alcohols into carbonyl derivatives, couples thiols into disulphides, nitrates phenols, and oxidatively couples pyrrole and benzaldehyde into tetra-phenylporphyrin, are also described
Investigation of space filling capacitors (2003)

This paper investigates the usage of the family of space filling curves in capacitor design. Some of the known family members are studied regarding their applications as area efficient capacitor elements. One of the main advantages of these structures is that they divide the space into two continuous electrodes. This makes extra connecting vias and metal layers unnecessary, and enables implementation on a single metal layer. The capacitance of the suggested structures are obtained and compared with some of the reference structures such as the interdigitated and woven capacitors.
Biosynthesis and maturation of glucocerebrosidase in Gaucher fibroblasts (1987)

The biosynthesis and maturation of glucocerebrosidase were studied in fibroblasts from patients with the neurological and non-neurological forms of Gaucher disease and in control cells. In control fibroblasts the precursor of glucocerebrosidase (62-63 kDa), observed after a short pulse with [35S]methionine, was converted during the chase period to a 66-kDa intermediate form and, finally, to the 59-kDa mature protein. In fibroblasts from patients with the non-neurological phenotype of Gaucher disease (type 1) the same biosynthetic forms were seen as in control fibroblasts. These biosynthetic forms correspond to the three-banded pattern seen in control and Gaucher type 1 fibroblast extracts analysed by the immunoblotting procedure, or after electrophoresis and fluorography of extracts of such fibroblasts cultured for 5 days with [14C]leucine. The 59-kDa protein seen in type 1 fibroblasts was unstable and disappeared after a prolonged chase; this disappearance was not observed when the cells were grown in the presence of leupeptin. In fibroblasts from patients with the neurological forms of Gaucher disease (types 2 and 3) the 62.5-kDa precursor of glucocerebrosidase was present in near-normal amounts after a short pulse, but the 59-kDa form was not detected even when cells were cultured with leupeptin. These results are in accordance with the absence of the 59-kDa band in immunoblots of types 2 and 3 fibroblast extracts. Culturing of type 1, type 2 and type 3 Gaucher fibroblasts in the presence of leupeptin led to an increase in the activity of glucocerebrosidase.
Novel formulations of Curcumin, Boswellia and Xanthohumol extracts markedly enhance their individual and combined anti-inflammatory activity (2017)

The chronic anti-inflammatory activity of novel formulations of extracts of curcumin, boswellia and xanthohumol as stable solubilisates have been tested in the rat adjuvant induced arthritis model and compared with the native extracts. Female Wistar rats were inoculated with sub-plantar injections of Freund's complete adjuvant [1]. Native and solubilized extracts of curcumin, boswellia, and xanthohumol were given orally daily in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg for 21 days. Diclofenac (3 mg/kg) was run parallel as a reference drug. The rat paw edema was measured every 4 days. After 21 days, the rats were sacrificed and serum was used to measure relevant parameters to the inflammatory process. The combination of solubilisates of curcumin and boswellia extracts showed a better anti-inflammatory effect than either one alone. The reduction in paw volume was reflected in corresponding changes in relevant parameters for mediators of inflammation: C-reactive protein level, myeloperoxidase activity, total anti-oxidant activity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances as well as the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6.
A general framework for quantifying the effects of DNA repair inhibitors on radiation sensitivity as a function of dose (2007)

The proposed approach improves on current methods of analysing effects of DNA repair modification on radiation response. Furthermore, it may be generalised to account for other parameters such as proliferation or dose rate to enable its use in the context of fractionated or continuous radiation exposures.
Full Communism (1990)

In Marx and Marxism, Full Communism is that final state of humanity in which productivity is higher than wants and everyone can help himself in the warehouses (not shops!). Since productivity cannot be unlimited, this entails that wants are limited: a direct contradiction to one of the basic propositions of Western economics. This is only possible because wants have been reduced to needs. Originally a governmental concept, needs are accepted as valid by each consumer, and internalized to become the new wants.KeywordsBasic PropositionDirect ContradictionFull CommunismHomo EconomicusOptimal Allocation ProblemThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Idiotype‐Specific, Major Histocompatibility Complex Restricted T Cells are of both Th1 and Th2 Type (1991)

The lymphokine secretion patterns of seven independent 91-101.lambda 2(315)/I-Ed specific, CD4+ T-cell clones have been investigated. Six of the clones are of the Th1 type as they secrete IL2 and IFN gamma, but not IL4. Some of these six Th1 clones produce TNF alpha/beta, and some produce minor amounts of IL5 and IL6. One clone is of the Th2 type as it produces IL4, IL5, and large amounts of IL6, but not IL2, IFN gamma or TNF. The Th1/Th2 classification does not have any stringent relationship to immunization protocol, fine specificity and V alpha/V beta gene segment utilization. The immunoregulatory significance of our findings for Id/MHC-dependent T-B cell interaction is discussed.
The Influence of Environment on Vowel Epenthesis in Spanish/English Interphonology (1991)

This paper presents the results of two separate studies that examined epenthesis before three word-initial onsets of the form lsC<inf>1</inf>l in English (where C<inf>1</inf> represents a voiceless stop). The first study was strictly exploratory and designed to discover ifthe frequency ofepenthesis before lsC,lwas influenced by environment. Appropriate statistical analyses revealed that epenthesis occurred significantly more frequently after word-final consonants than after word-final vowels before the three onsets. The second study tested three specific statistical hypotheses based upon the exploratory study. Again, vowel epenthesis was significantly more frequent after consonants than after vowels before the onsets.
Wireless Mesh Software Defined Networks (wmSDN) (2013)

In this paper we propose to integrate Software Defined Networking (SDN) principles in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) formed by OpenFlow switches. The use of a centralized network controller and the ability to setup arbitrary paths for data flows make SDN a handy tool to deploy fine-grained traffic engineering algorithms in WMNs. However, centralized control may be harmful in multi-hop radio networks formed by commodity devices (e.g. Wireless Community Networks), in which node isolation and network fragmentation are not rare events. To exploit the pros and mitigate the cons, our framework uses the traditional OpenFlow centralized controller to engineer the routing of data traffic, while it uses a distributed controller based on OLSR to route: i) OpenFlow control traffic, ii) data traffic, in case of central controller failure. We implemented and tested our Wireless Mesh Software Defined Network (wmSDN) showing its applicability to a traffic engineering use-case, in which the controller logic balances outgoing traffic among the Internet gateways of the mesh. Albeit simple, this use case allows showing a possible usage of SDN that improves user performance with respect to the case of a traditional mesh with IP forwarding and OLSR routing. The wmSDN software toolkit is formed by Open vSwitch, POX controller, OLSR daemon and our own Bash and Python scripts. The tests have been carried out in an emulation environment based on Linux Containers, NS3 and CORE tools.
25th Anniversary Article: Semiconductor Nanowires – Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications (2014)

Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have been studied extensively for over two decades for their novel electronic, photonic, thermal, electrochemical and mechanical properties. This comprehensive review article summarizes major advances in the synthesis, characterization, and application of these materials in the past decade. Developments in the understanding of the fundamental principles of "bottom-up" growth mechanisms are presented, with an emphasis on rational control of the morphology, stoichiometry, and crystal structure of the materials. This is followed by a discussion of the application of nanowires in i) electronic, ii) sensor, iii) photonic, iv) thermoelectric, v) photovoltaic, vi) photoelectrochemical, vii) battery, viii) mechanical, and ix) biological applications. Throughout the discussion, a detailed explanation of the unique properties associated with the one-dimensional nanowire geometry will be presented, and the benefits of these properties for the various applications will be highlighted. The review concludes with a brief perspective on future research directions, and remaining barriers which must be overcome for the successful commercial application of these technologies.
Hydrous pyrolysis of silica-supported polystyrene (1998)

Thermal degradation of polystyrene has been studied in the presence of water under subcritical conditions (hydrous pyrolysis). The experiments were performed in closed systems under inert atmosphere, in the temperature range of 300–320°C, for 1–24 h. The results showed that the presence of water increases the yields of the volatile products, mainly in the first steps of the pyrolitic process, with a higher selectivity of monomer. In order to improve the effective phase contact between water and the polymer during the degradation, hydrous pyrolysis runs have been carried out on silica-supported polystyrene. Some of these experiments were performed using a stirred reactor. Under these conditions, the above effects appeared to be greatly emphasized. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the degradation products have been reported for the series of runs investigated. The best recovery of styrene has been achieved at 320°C and 8 h, being close to 71%. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 2291–2298, 1998
Molecular identification of Chinese cultivated<i>Porphyra</i>(Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta) based on the rDNA internal transcribed spacer-1 sequence and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (2007)

Abstract Porphyra yezoensis Ueda and P. tenera Kjellman are two common commercial seaweeds cultivated in China, but it is difficult to identify them routinely because they are morphologically and systematically very close. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region of nine selected Porphyra cultivars from China were sequenced and determined. Combined with some ITS-1 data from GenBank, the phylogenetic analysis inferred from the neighbour-joining method indicated that the Porphyra species in this study exhibited clear taxonomic relationships and could be identified clearly to species. Based on the results, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to distinguish 12 Porphyra cultivars, some of which turn out to be different lineages of the same Porphyra species. Eight specific RAPD markers were scored and used to construct a fingerprint that could distinctly identify different Porphyra cultivars. The results suggest that both the rDNA ITS-1 sequence and RAPD markers are useful methods to identify Porphyra cultivars, and may also be valid for phylogenetic and taxonomic studies.
N-Acylcysteines (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-AcylcysteinesTellis A. Martin, David H. Causey, and John R. CorriganCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 3, 625–627Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00309a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (386 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Intestinal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: how does its frequency compare with that of nasal carriage and what is its clinical impact? (2008)

The bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, including its methicillin-resistant variant (MRSA), finds its primary ecological niche in the human nose, but is also able to colonize the intestines and the perineal region. Intestinal carriage has not been widely investigated despite its potential clinical impact. This review summarizes literature on the topic and sketches the current state of affairs from a microbiological and infectious diseases' perspective. Major findings are that the average reported detection rate of intestinal carriage in healthy individuals and patients is 20% for S. aureus and 9% for MRSA, which is approximately half of that for nasal carriage. Nasal carriage seems to predispose to intestinal carriage, but sole intestinal carriage occurs relatively frequently and is observed in 1 out of 3 intestinal carriers, which provides a rationale to include intestinal screening for surveillance or in outbreak settings. Colonization of the intestinal tract with S. aureus at a young age occurs at a high frequency and may affect the host's immune system. The frequency of intestinal carriage is generally underestimated and may significantly contribute to bacterial dissemination and subsequent risk of infections. Whether intestinal rather than nasal S. aureus carriage is a primary predictor for infections is still ill-defined.
Detecting Location Spoofing using ADAS sensors in VANETs (2019)

Location information plays a vital role in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) as numerous applications are location dependent. Thus, it is essential to preserve the integrity of the location information of vehicles. With the advancement of the vehicular technologies, it is observed that advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) sensors are being installed on vehicles. In this paper, we propose a detection mechanism of location spoofing by leveraging the on-board ADAS sensors. Under our proposed scheme, attacks based on location spoofing such as sybil attack could be efficiently detected using unique ADAS sensor data like fingerprint, without the involvement of the infrastructure and third party trusted authority.
Sparse Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO with 1-Bit Feedback Per Dimension (2017)

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, acquisition of the channel state information at the transmitter side (CSIT) is crucial. In this paper, a practical CSIT estimation scheme is proposed for frequency division duplexing (FDD) massive MIMO systems. Specifically, each received pilot symbol is first quantized to one bit per dimension at the receiver side and then the quantized bits are fed back to the transmitter. A joint one-bit compressed sensing algorithm is implemented at the transmitter to recover the channel matrices. The algorithm leverages the hidden joint sparsity structure in the user channel matrices to minimize the training and feedback overhead, which is considered to be a major challenge for FDD systems. Moreover, the one-bit compressed sensing algorithm accurately recovers the channel directions for beamforming. The one-bit feedback mechanism can be implemented in practical systems using the uplink control channel. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme nearly achieves the maximum output signal-to-noise-ratio for beamforming based on the estimated CSIT.
A graph-based global registration for 2D mosaics (2002)

We describe a graph-based global registration method for creating 2D mosaic images. When multi-frames overlap in space, global registration is necessary to minimize the accumulated registration errors. We use a graph to represent the temporal and spatial connectivity and show that global registration can be obtained through the search for an optimal path in the constructed graph. The definition of an adequate objective function characterizing the global registration provides a direct manipulation of the graph. The framework presented here allows the automatic construction of the graph, and the construction of a consistent mosaic from a collection of frames using projective transformations.
RedNet: Residual Encoder-Decoder Network for indoor RGB-D Semantic Segmentation (2018)

Indoor semantic segmentation has always been a difficult task in computer vision. In this paper, we propose an RGB-D residual encoder-decoder architecture, named RedNet, for indoor RGB-D semantic segmentation. In RedNet, the residual module is applied to both the encoder and decoder as the basic building block, and the skip-connection is used to bypass the spatial feature between the encoder and decoder. In order to incorporate the depth information of the scene, a fusion structure is constructed, which makes inference on RGB image and depth image separately, and fuses their features over several layers. In order to efficiently optimize the network's parameters, we propose a `pyramid supervision' training scheme, which applies supervised learning over different layers in the decoder, to cope with the problem of gradients vanishing. Experiment results show that the proposed RedNet(ResNet-50) achieves a state-of-the-art mIoU accuracy of 47.8% on the SUN RGB-D benchmark dataset.