gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of phosphorus acid and its salts as fertilizer materials (2000)

Abstract This is a review of the literature, recent unpublished research, and other information pertaining to the use of phosphorus acid (H3PO3) and its salts as fertilizer materials. Early studies on the potential of H3PO3 and its salts as alternative phosphate fertilizers showed that these phosphorus (P)‐containing materials were not as effective as phosphoric acids (H3PO4) and its derivatives on growth of the first crop in successive cropping trials. However, a definite growth response to phosphite was seen when compared to the zero‐P control, proving that these materials provided nutritional support. Beneficial effects from the phosphite and H3PO3 treatments were observed in the subsequent crops, and were presumed attributable to the probable conversion of phosphite to phosphate in the soil. Studies done more than thirty years later on plant responses to the phosphite anion focused on plant disease control, rather than on the nutrient qualities of such materials. Nevertheless, many plant physiological phenomena caused by the phosphite‐active ingredient were discovered as its chemical dynamics were documented. Effects important to plant growth were shown to occur when plants were treated with H3PO3 or its salts even in the absence of plant pathogens. Whereas a certain amount of observed nutritional responses to phosphite is correlated with its conversion to orthophosphate by microbial action and other mechanisms, other nutritional responses were also observed, leading to commercialization of specially formulated H3PO3 derivatives as fertilizers. For example, higher yields in oranges were directly attributable to increased flowering and fruit set after winter pre‐bloom foliar applications of commercial phosphite fertilizer formulations. Many horticultural and agronomic crops have exhibited positive growth responses under field conditions to the nutritional support available in fertilizers derived from H3PO3.
Transplanted endothelial cells repopulate the liver endothelium and correct the phenotype of hemophilia A mice (2008)

Transplantation of healthy cells to repair organ damage or replace deficient functions constitutes a major goal of cell therapy. However, the mechanisms by which transplanted cells engraft, proliferate, and function remain unknown. To investigate whether host liver sinusoidal endothelium could be replaced with transplanted liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, we developed an animal model of tissue replacement that utilized a genetic system to identify transplanted cells and induced host-cell perturbations to confer a proliferative advantage to transplanted cells. Under these experimental conditions, transplanted cells engrafted efficiently and proliferated to replace substantial portions of the liver endothelium. Tissue studies demonstrated that transplanted cells became integral to the liver structure and reacquired characteristic endothelial morphology. Characterization of transplanted endothelial cells by membrane markers and studies of cellular function, including synthesis and release of coagulation factor VIII, demonstrated that transplanted cells were functionally intact. Further analysis showed that repopulation of the livers of mice that model hemophilia A with healthy endothelial cells restored plasma factor VIII activity and corrected their bleeding phenotype. Our studies therefore suggest that transplantation of healthy endothelial cells should be considered for cell therapy of relevant disorders and that endothelial reconstitution with transplanted cells may offer an excellent paradigm for defining organ-specific pathophysiological mechanisms.
Denoising deep neural networks based voice activity detection (2013)

Recently, the deep-belief-networks (DBN) based voice activity detection (VAD) has been proposed. It is powerful in fusing the advantages of multiple features, and achieves the state-of-the-art performance. However, the deep layers of the DBN-based VAD do not show an apparent superiority to the shallower layers. In this paper, we propose a denoising-deep-neural-network (DDNN) based VAD to address the aforementioned problem. Specifically, we pre-train a deep neural network in a special unsupervised denoising greedy layer-wise mode, and then fine-tune the whole network in a supervised way by the common back-propagation algorithm. In the pre-training phase, we take the noisy speech signals as the visible layer and try to extract a new feature that minimizes the reconstruction cross-entropy loss between the noisy speech signals and its corresponding clean speech signals. Experimental results show that the proposed DDNN-based VAD not only outperforms the DBN-based VAD but also shows an apparent performance improvement of the deep layers over shallower layers.
Evidence-Based Practice Behaviours: A Comparison amongst Occupational Therapy Students and Clinicians (2012)

Academic and clinical educators can use identified gaps in knowledge and synthesis of concepts to update the evidence-based practice content in occupational therapy curricula and fieldwork.
Analysis and Design of a Decision Tree Based on Entropy Reduction and Its Application to Large Character Set Recognition (1984)

Based on a recursive process of reducing the entropy, the general decision tree classifier with overlap has been analyzed. Several theorems have been proposed and proved. When the number of pattern classes is very large, the theorems can reveal both the advantages of a tree classifier and the main difficulties in its implementation. Suppose H is Shannon's entropy measure of the given problem. The theoretical results indicate that the tree searching time can be minimized to the order O(H), but the error rate is also in the same order O(H) due to error accumulation. However, the memory requirement is in the order 0(H exp(H)) which poses serious problems in the implementation of a tree classifier for a large number of classes. To solve these problems, several theorems related to the bounds on the search time, error rate, memory requirement and overlap factor in the design of a decision tree have been proposed and some principles have been established to analyze the behaviors of the decision tree. When applied to classify sets of 64, 450, and 3200 Chinese characters, respectively, the experimental results support the theoretical predictions. For 3200 classes, a very high recognition rate of 99.88 percent was achieved at a high speed of 873 samples/s when the experiment was conducted on a Cyber 172 computer using a high-level language.
Quality of life in head and neck cancer patients after surgical resection: translation into Cantonese and validation of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 (2008)

Six of seven subscales achieved standard reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient >0.7). Correlation coefficients between an item and its own subscale were significantly higher than the coefficients with other subscales. Scaling success was found in all subscales. Pearson's correlation coefficient between subscales was <0.70, except between the subscales swallowing and trouble with social eating (r = 0.795), and speech problems and social contact (r = 0.754).
Recognition of affect in facial expression using the Noh Mask Test: Comparison of individuals with schizophrenia and normal controls (2005)

The purpose of the present study was to compare facial expression recognition in individuals with schizophrenia and normal controls using the Noh Mask Test. Fifteen men with schizophrenia and 15 normal controls were presented with a photograph of a Noh mask rotated either upward or downward from the neutral front-facing position, and an emotion label, and were requested to judge whether the expression of the mask was congruent with the indicated emotion. Using multidimensional scaling, the facial expression of the Noh mask recognized by the patients and the healthy controls was analyzed in 3-D: (i) Rejection-Attention; (ii) Pleasant-Unpleasant; and (iii) Awakening-Relaxation. Individuals with schizophrenia had difficulty recognizing that others had intentions of harming them. The Noh Mask Test was found to be useful in discriminating between individuals with schizophrenia and controls in the recognition of facial expression (discriminant ratio: 99.9%).
Registrars with research – the right stuff, or the wrong stuff? (1993)

A leading article in the British Medical Journal (Miller, 1992) comprehensively criticised the Joint Planning Advisory Committee (JPAC) for failing to implement the changes in manning levels needed for Achieving a Balance. This leader came as no surprise to psychiatric trainees, and nor did it offer much comfort. The ‘bottleneck’ between registrar and senior registrar has become a ‘log-jam’ and although prospects for trainee psychiatrists are not as bleak as for the unfortunate would-be thoracic physicians cited in the leader, they are bad enough. For example, when a single SR post in adult psychiatry was recently advertised for the NW Thames region, there were over 60 enquiries, 45 of which transformed into definite applications, even though the post offered was in a less than popular sub-speciality. Local selection committee members for NW Thames in other psychiatric specialities have also been surprised by the number of applicants. JPAC may not be entirely to blame: the economic recession may be a disincentive for consultants wishing to retire early, thus slowing-up career progression throughout the profession.
Alternate contracts for side payments (2005)

We characterize efficient equilibrium outcomes of two−player games that remain equilibrium outcomes even when the two players may alternately make binding offers of strategy contingent side payments before the game is played. Our characterization result implies that alternately contracting for side payments has more efficiency of a certain type in equilibria than simultaneously side contracting which is analyzed by Jackson and Wilkie (2005). I thank Ryuji Ushizawa, Naoki Yoshihara, and Makoto Okamura for helpful discussions.
In-process Defect Monitoring and Correction in Additive Manufacturing of Aluminum Alloys (2019)

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has become increasingly popular to fabricate complex, light-weight, and highefficiency components for use in the aerospace industry; however, there are inherent limitations in existing AM processes that have delayed widespread implementation for aviation applications. Porosity is just one example of the key characteristics that can impact the mechanical strength of an AM part. This research focuses on a real-time feedback system to detect and correct defects during the powder bed fusion process of aluminum alloys. In this study, AlSi10Mg coupons were built using various AM parameters. The build process was continuously monitored via a high-frequency in-situ infrared camera which had been integrated into a commercial metal powder bed fusion machine. Porosity information (pore location and size) of the as-built AM coupons were characterized using x-ray computed tomography. The monitoring results were post processed and correlated with porosity location, indicating a strong relationship between abnormal sensing signal and pore formation. This demonstrates that the real-time abnormal sensing signal can be a good indicator for identifying pore formation during the AM process. Additionally, Sentient Science Corporation (Sentient) used its advanced modeling technique to simulate the AM build process regarding the melt pool geometry, porosity, and microstructure. Prediction of porosity level at different AM parameters aligned well with the experimental results. Advanced modeling results showed that careful selection of AM settings is required to correct in-process defects. Repair parameters must be tailored to achieve satisfactory correction of individual defects. Combining the in-situ defect monitoring and advanced simulation capabilities enables the creation of a closed-loop feedback control system that provides automatic defect detection and correction action in powder bed additive manufacturing process.
Effect of Accommodative Adaptation on Static and Dynamic Accommodation in Emmetropia and Late-Onset Myopia (1999)

Late-onset myopes have shallower accommodative stimulus/response functions. As suggested in a previous study, this may be due to their reduced sensitivity to defocus. In both emmetropes and late-onset myopes, the near task causes an increase in static accommodative responses. Although our results show it to be a small increase, it is consistent with predictions of Hung and Semmlow's model of accommodation. In both emmetropes and late-onset myopes, the near task also increases the duration for relaxing accommodation, but not for stimulating accommodation. This suggests there are two subsystems which may adapt to prolonged accommodation differently.
A High Voltage High Frequency Resonant Inverter for Supplying DBD Devices with Short Discharge Current Pulses (2014)

In this paper, the merits of a high-frequency resonant converter for supplying dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) devices are established. It is shown that, thanks to its high-frequency operating condition, such a converter allows to supply DBD devices with short discharge current pulses, a high repetition rate, and to control the injected power. In addition, such a topology eliminates the matter of connecting a high-voltage transformer directly across the DBD device and avoids the issues related to the parasitic capacitances of the latter which disturbs the control the power transfer to the plasma. The design issues of the converter, including the inverter and its switches, the resonant inductor, and the parameter drift compensation are studied. An experimental validation is performed: a mega Hertz resonant converter using GaN FET switches has been manufactured and tested with an excimer lamp.
The Modified Yule-Walker Method of ARMA Spectral Estimation (1984)

An overview of ARMA spectral estimation techniques based on the modified Yule-Walker equations is presented. The importance of using order overestimation, as well as of using an overdetermined set of equations, is emphasized. The Akaike information criterion is proposed for determining the equation order. A procedure for removing spurious noise modes based on modal decomposition of the sample covariance matrix is derived. The role of the singular value decomposition method in solving the modified Yule-Walker equations is discussed. A number of techniques for estimating MA spectral parameters are presented.
The effect of caffeine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in man (1995)

The influence of caffeine (60 mg) was studied on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of acetaminophen (500 mg single dose) in ten healthy male human volunteers in a complete cross-over design. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to analyse serum drug concentrations. Caffeine caused a highly significant (p < 0.01) increase in AUC and AUMC, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in Cmax, and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in clearance (C1/F) of acetaminophen. We conclude that caffeine taken in doses commonly available commercially or in a cup of coffee can significantly potentiate the therapeutic potential of acetaminophen in man.
Governance challenges for managed care organizations. Interview by Ann C. Bartling. (1996)

When Healthcare Executive asked managed care organization CEOs and board chairs to identify governance challenges, they found the question so easy that it was difficult to limit their responses. while all the healthcare leaders interviewed pointed to the need to--and challenge of--staying ahead of the changes affecting the healthcare field, many identified challenges that were more specific to their organizations, markets, or patient population. Some also pointed out that while their challenges may be shared by hospitals and other provider organizations, there were aspects of each that were particularly relevant to managed care organizations, which often offer a variety of products in a number of different of markets.
Steroid Sex Hormones and Macrophage Function: Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates and Nitrite Release (1994)

These findings suggest that female sex hormones regulate ROI release by M phi in a manner not entirely shared by other steroid hormones. At most concentrations used, E2, P, TS, and HC significantly inhibited nitrite release by M phi. However, with 10(-10) M of E2 or 10(-9)M of P, nitrite release by M phi was not affected. In the presence of anti-TNF antibody, the amounts of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide release were moderately reduced but nitrite release was dramatically inhibited. The sensitivity of M phi to variations in the concentrations of female sex hormones may contribute to gender-related differences in the immune response.
Highly Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Activated and Unactivated Ketones Catalyzed by Rhodium(I) Aminophosphine- and Amidophosphine-Phosphinite Complexes. Beneficial Effect of the Non Chiral Ligand (1995)

The chiral ligands aminophosphine- and amidophosphine-phosphinites (4-8), when associated to neutral rhodium precursors, are efficient ligands for the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketopantolactone 1, N-benzylphenylglyoxamide 2, and 2-aminoacetophenone 3. Under mild conditions the hydrogenations led to high enantiomeric excesses (67-98.7%). The effect of the non chiral ligand (Cl, I, CH3CO2, CF3CO2, and C3F7CO2) is presented.
Creating the role of the retention program coordinator. (1995)

During healthcare restructuring, nurse satisfaction can suffer. The following article describes how nurse executives and human resource professionals can implement a full- or part-time retention coordinator role for their healthcare facility. These authors describe how a retention coordinator can use formal and informal meetings to keep track of nurse satisfaction and develop strategies that identify and solve nurse satisfaction problems.
A component based architecture for distributed, pervasive gaming applications (2006)

In this paper, we describe a component based architecture for developing distributed, pervasive games that integrate tangible and graphical user interface components. We first discuss some of the interface components we have developed and then present a coordination infrastructure called Pegasus that allows flexibly coupling and reconfiguring components during runtime. On top of Pegasus we have created a language for describing pervasive games called DHG and briefly present a first sample application that is based on the component based architecture and defined with the game description language DHG.
Contact Damage in Hot‐Pressed and Chemically‐Vapor‐Deposited Zinc Sulfide (1984)

Hot‐pressed zinc sulfide was indented by spherical indenters under static and impact loading. The static and impact damage characteristics were compared with earlier results for chemically‐vapor‐deposited (CVD) zinc sulfide, showing that hot‐pressed zinc sulfide is less resistant to contact damage than CVD zinc sulfide.
Selecting informative genes with parallel genetic algorithms in tissue classification. (2001)

Recent advances in biotechnology offer the ability to measure the levels of expression of thousands of genes in parallel. Analysis of such data can provide understanding and insight into gene function and regulatory mechanisms. Several machine learning approaches have been used to aid to understand the functions of genes. However, these tasks are made more difficult due to the noisy nature of array data and the overwhelming number of gene features. In this paper, we use the parallel genetic algorithm to filter out the informative genes relative to classification. By combing with the classification method proposed by Golub et al. and Slonim et al., we classify the data sets with tissues of different classes, and the preliminary results are presented in this paper.
The revision of the safety standards for protection against ionizing radiation (1994)

The Safety Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation was issued on July 29, 1970, and has been used for more than thirteen years. In 1983, the Atomic Energy Council decided to revise it accordingly to the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the experiences of regulation enforcement in Taiwan and other countries. The AEC assembled a task group of eight members from academic institutions, licensees, government agency, and senior health physics experts to be in charge of the revision. The major changes of their Safety Standards are the adoption of the system of dose limitation recommended by ICRP publication 26 and 30, the use of the units of the International System as the primary units with the old units being noted in parentheses, the adoption of the de minimis levels recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the setting up of an executive regulatory system for the implementation of the ALARA concept. On July 10, 1991, the new Safety Standards were approved and made effective by the Executive Yuan. Because it is greatly different from the old one, the government allowed the licensees to modify their protection measures and operation procedures within two years after the promulgation date. In order to assist the licensees, the AEC sponsored many workshops and training courses, and published a booklet to elucidate the major changes between die new and old regulations and how to comply with the new regulation. Besides that, AEC also asked academic institutions and associations to develop regulatory guides concerning with the new Safety Standards, especially in the area of internal and external dosimetry. The new Standards was announced to be effective on July 10, 1991. We are confident in our expectation that this new Safety Standards can be implemented smoothly.
Detection in human breast carcinomas of an antigen immunologically related to a group-specific antigen of mouse mammary tumor virus (1978)

An antigen immunologically related to a group-specific antigen (gp52, a 52,000-dalton glycoprotein) of the mouse mammary tumor virus has been identified in paraffin sections of human breast cancers by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The specificity of the reaction with antibody against mouse mammary tumor virus was examined by absorption of the IgG with the following: (a) purified gp52; (b) a number of virus preparations (mouse mammary tumor virus, Rauscher leukemia virus, simian sarcoma virus, baboon endogenous virus, and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus); (c) normal plasma, leukocytes, breast tissue, milk, actin, collagen, and hyaluronic acid, all of human origin; (d) sheep erythrocytes and mucin. Only mouse mammary tumor virus (from C(3)H or Paris RIII strains and grown in either murine or feline cells) and purified gp52 eliminated the immunohistochemical reaction in the human breast tumors. Positive reactions were seen in 51 of 131 (39%) breast carcinomas of various histologic types, a minimal estimate in view of the limited number of sections from each tumor that could be examined. Negative reactions were obtained in all 119 benign breast lesions (cystic disease, fibroadenoma, papilloma, gynecomastia) and in all 18 normal breast tissues. With one exception, 99 carcinomas from 13 organs other than breast and 8 cystosarcomas were all negative.