gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological Variability of Wild Cardoon (<i>Cynara cardunculus</i> L. var. <i>sylvestris</i>) Populations in North of Tunisia (2014)

In north of Tunisia, wild cardoon ( Cynara cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori) is called “khurshef.” It is consumed mainly for its fleshy stems and leafstalks in some traditional dishes. In some regions, heads were used to prepare cheese. North Tunisian germplasm has been currently damaged by severe genetic erosion, pollution, urbanization, and bad farming practices. In order to preserve this species and to assess morphological relationship between accessions, the present study aims to prospect and to characterize individuals in several areas of the north of Tunisia. Six populations were collected and then 20 individuals per population were evaluated using UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plant) descriptors related to leaves, leafstalks, and heads. Multivariate analyses were used to elucidate relationship among the studied populations. Principal components analysis revealed more diversity within each population. Cluster study reveals large variability among populations. This analysis allows classifying the germplasm of wild cardoon into five groups. Similarities observed between ecotypes despite their distinctiveness of geographic origin suggest a narrow genetic base. These analyses are very useful for the management and the use of wild cardoon in future breeding programs for Cynara germplasm.
Intra‐operative image update: first experiences with new software in computer‐assisted sinus surgery (2008)

The new software represents an interesting and helpful amendment to conventional computer-assisted surgery in selected cases. During surgical procedures around bony structures, the surgeon gets an accurate virtual image update of the surgical progress in the operating field and the amount of tissue removed. However, in cases where mobile structures are present or soft tissue shifts are expected, this feature seems to be suitable only to a limited extent.
Integrated electromyogram and oxygen uptake during positive and negative work. (1976)

1. Integrated electromyogram (e.m.g.) from the vastus lateralis muscles, and steady-state rates of oxygen uptake, were measured simultaneously during the performance of set rates of positive (concentric) and negative (eccentric) work at 50 rev/min on a motorized bicycle ergometer. 2. Similar experiments were also carried out at other pedalling rates and using other leg muscles. 3. The relationships between each of the variables (integrated e.m.g., oxygen consumption) and mean torque on pedals were found to be linear (r greater than 0-98) with a remarkable degree of reproducibility in surface e.m.g. for each subject over several months. 4. The ratio of the e.m.g. slopes at 50 rev/min (positive/negative) was 1-96 +/- 0-12 while the same ratio for the oxygen uptake slopes was 6-34 +/- 0-82. The discrepancy between the ratios suggests that not only is less muscle fibre activity required to maintain the same exerted force during negative work exercise, but there is also a substantial reduction in the oxygen uptake when the fibres are stretched. This was observed for all speeds of pedalling.
Insecticidal activity of essential oils onTriatoma infestans (1997)

Sixty-three essential oils isolated from Bolivian plants were tested on Triatoma infestans for ovicidal and larvicidal properties. Three types of test were used: topical application on insects, nymphs on impregnated paper and eggs on impregnated paper. Twenty oils showed an interesting activity on nymphs and eggs when the impregnated paper tests were used. These tests proved to be the most sensitive and were therefore chosen for studying the action of a dozen terpenes present in those active essential oils. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Application of Blackboard Architecture to Grating Scheduling System (2000)

In the development of a production process scheduling system a collaboration method must be defined for the cooperation among submodules within the system. The blackboard architecture is exploited for solving the collaboration problem, which is one of the problem solving architecture that belongs to the distributed artificial intelligence. The dynamic states of the problem solving processes are presented in the hierarchically constructed shared working memory called as a blackboard. The communication for the collaboration is done through the blackboard. The problem solving steps are contained in the global controller, one of a component that consists the blackboard architecture, as knowledge. The global controller activates proper submodules based on the knowledge. By applying the blackboard architecture the collaboration problem among submodules in the grating production process scheduling system (GPSS) has been solved as well as the system became adaptable to the future modifications and expansions.
AUDIOVISUAL DEMONSTRATION FOR PATIENT COUNSELLING IN THE USE OF PRESSURISED AEROSOL BRONCHODILATOR INHALERS (1989)

The use of video as a method of instructing subjects on correct inhaler technique was compared with the written and personal instruction of 150 volunteer subjects with no previous experience of such a device. Video was found to be as effective as personal tuition by a pharmacist and significantly (P less than 0.05) superior to the manufacturer's package insert in teaching correct inhaler technique. The technique was assessed by a panel of five investigators in each case and was found to deteriorate over a 2-week period regardless of the instruction method. The video, which was prepared 'in-house', was then assessed in both the hospital out-patient and the general practice pharmacy settings. Asthmatic patients found the video useful at identifying mistakes they were making and felt that this approach to their education should be more widely available.
Induction of Altered c- <i>src</i> Product During Neural Differentiation of Embryonal Carcinoma Cells (1986)

The expression of the cellular src gene product pp60c-src was examined in an embryonal carcinoma cell line that differentiates in vitro into neuronlike cells after being treated with retinoic acid. Quantitative and qualitative changes in c-src expression accompanied the events associated with neuronal differentiation. The levels of pp60c-src increased 8- to 20-fold during the period when the cells elaborated neuritic processes and expressed neuron-specific proteins. The electrophoretic mobility of pp60c-src induced in these cells was retarded in comparison with that in untreated cells or in treated cells before neurite elaboration. The shift in electrophoretic mobility was due to an alteration in the amino terminal 16,000 daltons of pp60c-src and similar to an alteration of c-src protein found in neural tissues and in pure primary cultures of neuronal cells. These results indicate that expression of pp60c-src induced by retinoic acid in these embryonal carcinoma cells mimics the expression of c-src in developing neurons. Therefore, this embryonal carcinoma cell line provides a model system to investigate the function of the src protein in neuronal differentiation.
The preparation and reactions of naphtho[1,2-c]furan and naphtho[2,3-c]furan (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe preparation and reactions of naphtho[1,2-c]furan and naphtho[2,3-c]furanJames G. Smith, Peter W. Dibble, and Richard E. SandbornCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 20, 3762–3768Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00370a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2070Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (923 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The essential role of hypusine in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4D (eIF-4D) (1989)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4D (eIF-4D) is the only protein known to contain the amino acid, hypusine [N epsilon-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine]. This unusual amino acid is formed post-translationally by modification of a single specific lysine residue in an eIF-4D precursor protein. Two separate eIF-4D precursors, each of which contains a lysine residue in place of the hypusine residue and each of which thereby serves as a protein substrate for the hypusine modification, were purified from DL-2-difluoromethylornithine-treated Chinese hamster ovary cells by means of a five-step procedure. These two precursors termed PI and PII both have apparent molecular masses of approximately 17 kDa, indistinguishable from that of eIF-4D, but exhibit more acidic isoelectric points (5.1 and 5.25 for PI and PII, respectively, compared with 5.37 for eIF-4D). These physical characteristics, together with other properties, indicate that eIF-4D differs from PII only in possessing the hypusine residue in place of a lysine residue, whereas an additional structural difference exists between PI and eIF-4D. eIF-4D from CHO cells provides a significant enhancement of methionyl-puromycin synthesis, a model assay for translation initiation. Neither PI nor PII stimulates this in vitro system. These findings are the first direct evidence that hypusine is essential for the biological activity of eIF-4D.
Characterisation of dispersed phosphor particles for quantitative photoluminescence measurements (2019)

Appropriate characterisation methods are necessary to probe the photoluminescence properties of phosphor particles, in order to develop new and more efficient materials and broaden the scope of their application. In this work, experiments show that the relative luminescence signal level of different phosphor particles obtained from studies of bulk powder bears no relation to the relative signal of the same materials when probed as dilute liquid dispersions. Characterisation of particles suspended in a liquid is shown to deliver appropriate spectroscopic data including the photoluminescence emission intensity per particle, allowing the rapid evaluation of phosphors using milligram quantities of powder. This characterisation technique is relevant to applications involving optically thin arrangements of particles as found in, for example, medical bioimaging, thin coatings for lighting, solar cell sensitisation and temperature measurements in fluids. Quantitative benchmark results are reported for the thermographic phosphors BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+, ZnO, Mg4FGeO6:Mn4+, (Sr,Mg)3(PO4)2: Sn2+, Y3Al5O12:Pr3+, La2O2S:Eu3+ and Y3Al5O12:Dy3+.
Stiffness, Spasticity, or Both: A Case Report of Stiff-Person Syndrome (2002)

Stiffness and spasticity are common neurologic symptoms that affect limb movements. We describe a patient who presented with ill-defined stiffness and an exaggerated startle response, who on serial examinations had variable degrees of stiffness and marked hyperreflexia but with plantar flexor signs. Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) was considered when axial stiffness became evident and was confirmed with highly elevated anti-GAD antibody titers. A favorable response to a short course of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was sustained for more than 10 months, an unusual feature to the disease. We review the clinical features, pathologic mechanism, and treatment of this disorder.
Low band gap dithienogermolodithiophene copolymers with tunable acceptors and side-chains for organic solar cells (2013)

We report the synthesis and characterisation of five new donor–acceptor type co-polymers based on a fused dithienogermolodithiophene unit for use in photovoltaic devices. The influence of three electron deficient co-monomers, as well as the length and variety of the solubilising side-chains, on the physical and optoelectronic properties of the polymers is reported. The number and variety of alkyl side-chains is found to have a significant impact on the polymer aggregation and film morphology, with larger and more bulky side-chains leading to improved solubility and molecular weight. The influence of these properties upon the performance of bulk heterojunction solar cells is shown.
Introns and intein coding sequence in the ribonucleotide reductase genes of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> temperate bacteriophage SPβ (1998)

The two putative ribonucleotide reductase subunits of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPbeta are encoded by the bnrdE and bnrdF genes that are highly similar to corresponding host paralogs, located on the opposite replication arm. In contrast to their bacterial counterparts, bnrdE and bnrdF each are interrupted by a group I intron, efficiently removed in vivo by mRNA processing. The bnrdF intron contains an ORF encoding a polypeptide similar to homing endonucleases responsible for intron mobility, whereas the bnrdE intron has no obvious trace of coding sequence. The downstream bnrdE exon harbors an intervening sequence not excised at the level of the primary transcript, which encodes an in-frame polypeptide displaying all the features of an intein. Presently, this is the only intein identified in bacteriophages. In addition, bnrdE provides an example of a group I intron and an intein coding sequence within the same gene.
Raman Studies of Nanocrystalline CdS:O Film (2005)

Oxygenated nanocrystalline CdS films show improved solar cell performance, but the physics and mechanism underlying this are not yet clearly understood. Raman study provides complementary information to the understanding obtained from other experimental investigations. A comprehensive analysis of the existing experimental data (including x-ray diffraction, transmission, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman) has led to the following conclusions: (1) The O-incorporation forms CdS1-xOx alloy nano-particles. (2) The observed evolution of the electronic structure is the result of the interplay between the alloy and quantum confinement effect. (3) The blue-shift of the LO phonon Raman peak is primarily due to the alloying effect. (4) Some oxygen atoms have taken the interstitial sites.
Application of Genetic Algorithms to the Optimization of Pressure Transient Analysis of Water Injectors using Type Curves (2011)

Abstract Injection pressure fall-off (PFO) test analysis has proven to be a reliable vehicle for understanding and evaluating well performance. Recently the methodology has been extended to the understanding of injectors. This paper presents an optimization model for analysis and interpretation of PFO tests for fractured water injectors. An elliptical composite flow model mathematically represents the fractured injector well. The optimization scheme couples the mathematical model of the well with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to reach the final solution. The pressure transients representing the behavior of an injector a closing fracture and the discontinuity in fluid mobility are best developed in elliptical coordinates. The methodology derives the dimension of the induced fractures, formation permeability, fracture conductivity and fracture face skin. The current paper illustrates the solution methodology by showing the attained match for a West Africa offshore field case. The field case provides reasonable agreement for the fracture dimensions and characteristics as verified by other techniques. Genetic Algorithms are one of the most common artificial intelligence techniques for optimization. The reported solution is obtained by applying a GA with a non-linear least square error function as an objective function. A special penalty function, mutation, crossover probabilities, and stopping criterion are used to obtain the global minimum of the objective function. The test data analysis is done through type curve matching of the pressure and its derivative by minimizing the objective function to help determine the parameters that provide the best match between the field data and the presented novel fractured injector type curves.
Identification of a novel noncoding RNA gene, <i>NAMA</i>, that is downregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma with <i>BRAF</i> mutation and associated with growth arrest (2007)

In search of tumor suppressor genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), we previously used gene expression profiling to identify genes underexpressed in tumor compared with paired unaffected tissue. While searching for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in genomic regions harboring candidate tumor suppressor genes, we detected LOH in a approximately 20 kb region around marker D9S176. Several ESTs flanking D9S176 were underexpressed in PTC tumors, and for one of the ESTs, downregulation was highly associated with the activating BRAF mutation V600E, the most common genetic lesion in PTC. A novel gene, NAMA, (noncoding RNA associated with MAP kinase pathway and growth arrest) containing the affected EST was cloned and characterized. NAMA is weakly expressed in several human tissues, and the spliced forms are primarily detected in testis. Several characteristics of NAMA suggest that it is a nonprotein coding but functional RNA; it has no long open reading frames (ORFs); the exons exhibit low sequence identity in the evolutionarily conserved regions; it is inducible by knockdown of BRAF, inhibition of the MAP kinase pathway, growth arrest and DNA damage in cancer cell lines. We suggest that NAMA is a noncoding RNA associated with growth arrest.
A calculation of optimal fishing mortalities (1987)

Static minimization techniques are used to find the trajectory of fishing mortality rate with time from a deterministic, age-structured, bioeconomic model of a fishery so as to maximize a time-discounted profit. Restrictions are put on the year-to-year rate of change of the control variable which is the fishing mortality rate and on the minimum permissible spawning stock size at the end of the time period. Results are considered over periods of 20 to 100 years. Characteristically the solutions take the form of an initial movement of the stock towards a particular stock size, an intermediate state of either a stable or oscillatory form, and a final movement near the end of the time period. The average fishing mortality rate, and hence stock size, is determined in a way explained largely by simple models of optimal harvesting and is sensitive to the value of the discount rate. In the particular model described here the discount rate also determines whether the intermediate state is oscillatory or stable.
Sociology as a Specialized Science (1940)

Comte, writing a century ago, claimed that in human affairs we were just entering the scientific stage. Already the physical sciences had made an auspicious beginning. They have made spectacular advances since Comte's pronouncement. Nevertheless, extensive areas in the physical sciences remain to be explored. Still wider areas in the domain of the social sciences await systematic investigation and precise analysis. The need for scientific advances as a means of meeting recurring crises in human affairs seems more necessary than in the days of Comte. It is quite evident today that we have greater sophistication, more extensive questioning, and a more marked social self-consciousness. The word scientific, widely and loosely used, seems to symbolize the temper of our age.
An Expedient and Short Synthesis of a 6-Iodo Isocoumarin Building Block for the Rubromycin Family and its First Palladium-Catalyzed Couplings (2004)

An efficient six-step synthesis of 6-iodo substituted isocoumarin 6 is presented, which is a suitable building block for the preparation of rubromycin type compounds. Key transformations of the sequence were achieved by directed ortho-lithiation, Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination and condensation processes. The protected isocoumarin 7 was successfully employed in first Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions.
Graphene-Based High Spatial Resolution Hall Sensors with Potential Application for Data Storage Media Characterisation (2014)

This thesis reports on two graphene-based structures that have been proposed and fabricated as possible prototypes for high-spatial-resolution Hall sensors with potential application in research on high-density magnetic recording technology such as bit patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) and other areas where the measurement of highly inhomogeneous fields is required. There is a direct graphene-metal contact in the first structure, which is named as TYPE I in this thesis, so that the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in the ferromagnetic islands deposited on the graphene could be detected. Meanwhile, the graphene and the metal are isolated by an h-BN layer in the second structure which is named as TYPE II, so that only the stray field from the islands can be detected using the ordinary Hall effect (OHE).The transport measurements performed on TYPE I devices revealed there is no AHE or stray field signal detectable, and their Hall resistance relations are non-linear and do not pass through the origin point. A finite element simulation comparing the resistance of the empty graphene cross and the island-occupied cross indicates that the current in the graphene may not redistribute through the metallic islands due to interface current blocking, resulting in the non-appearance of the expected AHE signal. Moreover, an analysis on the data of the longitudinal magnetoresistance (MR) reveals that a two-fluid model and effective medium theory (EMT) model might be the major graphene MR mechanisms in the regime away from and near to the charge neutrality point (CNP) respectively. As a combined result of the above findings, a joint MR-Hall effect model under the condition of the presence of a pre-existing transverse offset current, is proposed to explain the unusual behaviour of the Hall measurement data of the TYPE I devices. The model gives qualitatively correct fitting for all longitudinal and transverse transport data of TYPE I devices. In addition, the nature of the graphene/metal contact is considered as the reason responsible for the non-appearance of the expected AHE and stray field signal, although further experimental work is needed, and suggested in the thesis, to clarify this issue.On the other hand, the TYPE II devices have shown their potential to be developed as a Hall sensor being able to detect a sub-micron magnetic island in the future, but there is still a large space for the performance of the devices to be improved. At the end of the thesis, future experimental work, which could lead to the eventual development of a high-sensitivity high-spatial-resolution Hall sensor on the basis of TYPE I and TYPE II structures, are suggested and described.