gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conduction of flux at high frequencies in Permalloy strips by small-angle rotations (1985)

Data presented here on the permeability of Permalloy strips at high frequency indicates that flux is conducted by small-angle rotations without significant inhibition due to coupled domain wall motion. A new theory is proposed which postulates the existence of small angular variations of magnetization within transversely oriented domains in order to allow for flux conduction by rotation without the need for domain wall motion. Results from a computer simulation of this mechanism are presented.
Vulcanization with maleimides (1964)

Abstract Series of mono‐ and bismaleimides were evaluated as curing agents to determine the effect of structure on crosslinking ability. The activity of N ‐phenylmaleimide derivatives (monomaleimides) as crosslinking agents is highly dependent upon the substituent on the phenyl group. The activity of bismaleimides is likewise affected by the nature of the moiety connecting the maleimide rings. Isomaleimides and itaconimides are less effective curatives. Initiators for the maleimide cures include peroxides and sulfur accelerators of the thiazole type. Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon rubbers, except those containing a high percentage of isobutylene units, are vulcanized by a maleimide–initiator system. One of the attractive features of a maleimide curing system is that the physical properties of the cured rubbers are independent of curing temperature. Further, these vulcanizates have the good aging characteristics typical of nonsulfur‐cured vulcanizates. In contrast to sulfur vulcanization, the maleimide curing systems do not markedly affect the ability of elastomers to crystallize when stretched. Therefore, the T 50 test cannot be used to assess the state of cure of maleimide–natural rubber vulcanizates. Maleimides containing an appropriate second functional group can be used as self‐accelerating curing agents or as adhesives.
White Light Emitting Diode Development for General Illumination Applications (2006)

This report contains a summary of technical achievements during a 3-year project aimed at developing the chip and packaging technology necessary to demonstrate efficient, high flux light-emitting diode (LED) arrays using Cree's gallium nitride/silicon carbide (GaN/SiC) LED technology as the starting point. Novel chip designs and fabrication processes are described that led to high power blue LEDs that achieved 310 mW of light output at 350 mA drive current, corresponding to quantum and wall plug efficiencies of 32.5% and 26.5%, respectively. When combined with phosphor, high power white LEDs with luminous output of 67 lumens and efficacy of 57 lumens per watt were also demonstrated. Advances in packaging technology are described that enabled compact, multi-chip white LED lamp modules with 800-1000 lumens output at efficacies of up to 55 lumens per watt. Lamp modules with junction-to-ambient thermal resistance as low as 1.7 C/watt have also been demonstrated.
Feeding and watering behavior of healthy and morbid steers in a commercial feedlot. (1999)

Our objective was to determine whether there were differences in feeding and watering behavior of newly received healthy and morbid feedlot steers. Two separate 32-d feeding trials were conducted in Wellton, Arizona, in July and November 1996. Radio frequency technology was used to record individual animal behaviors from 108 (average weight 139 kg) and 143 (average weight 160 kg) steers in each respective trial. Steers that were subsequently identified as morbid were present at the feed bunk in greater percentages than reported in previous studies. In Trial 1, healthy steers spent more (P < .001) time at the feed bunk and had more (P < .009) feeding bouts than morbid steers. In Trial 2, healthy steers did not spend more time at the feed bunk, but they had more (P < .02) daily feeding bouts than morbid steers. There were no differences in daily time spent at the water trough by healthy or morbid steers in either trial. The greatest proportion of feeding and watering behavior occurred during the daylight hours in response to feed delivery. The pattern of time spent at the feed bunk throughout the 32-d feeding period was similar for healthy and subsequently morbid steers, but healthy steers had more feeding bouts per day.
Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. (2011)

Parkinson's disease (PD) traditionally has been defined by its characteristic motor hallmarks, but non-motor features such as cognitive impairment and dementia are increasingly recognized as part of PD. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in non-demented PD patients, occurring in about 20-50%. Frequency estimates and clinical features of mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI), however, vary across studies due to methodological differences and lack of uniform diagnostic criteria for PD-MCI. Overall, PD-MCI patients exhibit nonamnestic deficits in cognitive domains such as executive function, attention, and visuospatial function; however, the cognitive phenotype of PD-MCI is heterogeneous with some patients demonstrating greater amnestic deficits. PD-MCI patients, particularly those with posterior cortical profiles, may be at high risk for developing dementia. Various biomarkers studied in PD-MCI including cerebrospinal fluid, genetic analyses, and neuroimaging suggest that there may be distinct PD-MCI profiles. Future studies using uniform PD-MCI diagnostic criteria and incorporating biomarkers and longitudinal follow-up of PD-MCI cohorts are needed to understand PD-MCI as a transitional state between normal cognition and dementia.
Hydrogen production from inexhaustible supplies of fresh and salt water using microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cells (2011)

There is a tremendous source of entropic energy available from the salinity difference between river water and seawater, but this energy has yet to be efficiently captured and stored. Here we demonstrate that H(2) can be produced in a single process by capturing the salinity driven energy along with organic matter degradation using exoelectrogenic bacteria. Only five pairs of seawater and river water cells were sandwiched between an anode, containing exoelectrogenic bacteria, and a cathode, forming a microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cell. Exoelectrogens added an electrical potential from acetate oxidation and reduced the anode overpotential, while the reverse electrodialysis stack contributed 0.5-0.6 V at a salinity ratio (seawater:river water) of 50. The H(2) production rate increased from 0.8 to 1.6 m(3)-H(2)/m(3)-anolyte/day for seawater and river water flow rates ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 mL/ min. H(2) recovery, the ratio of electrons used for H(2) evolution to electrons released by substrate oxidation, ranged from 72% to 86%. Energy efficiencies, calculated from changes in salinities and the loss of organic matter, were 58% to 64%. By using a relatively small reverse electrodialysis stack (11 membranes), only ~1% of the produced energy was needed for pumping water. Although Pt was used on the cathode in these tests, additional tests with a nonprecious metal catalyst (MoS(2)) demonstrated H(2) production at a rate of 0.8 m(3)/m(3)/d and an energy efficiency of 51%. These results show that pure H(2) gas can efficiently be produced from virtually limitless supplies of seawater and river water, and biodegradable organic matter.
Inversion of plasmaspheric EUV remote sensing data from the STP 72‐1 satellite (1998)

Observations of the extreme ultraviolet emission of helium ions at 30.4 nm can be used to study the global shape of the plasmasphere and its dynamical response to geomagnetic forcing. In order to retrieve number densities of plasmaspheric He + from such observations, we have developed a new inversion technique based on discrete inverse theory, which uses the optical data to optimize a parameterized model of the He + distribution. We apply this inversion technique to several orbits of data obtained from the Naval Research Laboratory extreme ultraviolet photometric experiment launched on the STP 72‐1 satellite in October 1972. The inversion is limited to nighttime conditions where contamination from the topside ionosphere is minimal and where a simple parameterization of the He + number density is applicable. We obtain excellent fits to the data; however, some of the retrieved model parameters have large uncertainties due to inadequate sampling of the plasmasphere. Our study shows that improved sampling using observations from different locations and view directions would significantly enhance the accuracy of the retrieved model parameters. Using a newly developed three‐dimensional imaging tool to visualize the plasmaspheric regions being sampled remotely, we demonstrate that emission features observed from two of the STP 72‐1 orbits originate beyond the plasmasphere. Estimated number densities of this feature are roughly consistent with observations of cold plasma seen at geosynchronous orbit by in situ experiments.
Thermal and Electrical Properties of BCB-Liner Through-Silicon Vias (2014)

Through-silicon vias (TSVs) using benzocyclobutene (BCB)-liners as the insulator have the potential for reducing the TSV capacitances and the thermal expansion stresses. This paper reports the assessments of BCB-liner TSVs with respect to thermal and electrical properties. The C-V and I-V characteristics are measured at room temperature and at an elevated temperature as high as 125°C to characterize the electrical properties of capacitance and leakage current at different temperatures. Some C-V and I-V features associated with BCB-liners are discussed and the mechanisms are analyzed. Thermal cycling between -65°C and 150°C is performed, and the C-V and I-V characteristics are measured before and after thermal cycling to evaluate the thermomechanical stability of the BCB-liners, and the results show that the C-V and I-V properties are improved after thermal cycling. These preliminary results on the electrical and thermal properties of BCB-liner TSVs show that they have good thermal stability.
Traffic configuration for evaluating networks on chips (2005)

Network-on-chip (NoC) provides a network as a global communication platform for future SoC designs. Evaluating network architectures requires both synthetic workloads and application-oriented traffic. We present our traffic configuration methods that can be used to configure uniform and locality traffic as synthetic workloads, and to configure channel-based traffic for specific applications. We also illustrate the significance of applying these methods to configure traffic for network evaluation and system simulation. These traffic configuration methods have been integrated into our Nostrum NoC simulation environment.
The development and validation of a lipus system with preliminary observations of ultrasonic effects on human adult stem cells (2010)

To study the potential effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on cell response in vitro, the ability to alter LIPUS parameters is required. However, commercial LIPUS systems have very little control over parameter selection. In this study, a custom LIPUS system was designed and validated by exploring the effects of using different pulse repetition frequency (PRF) parameters on human adipose derived adult stem cells (hASCs) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), two common stem cell sources for creating bone constructs in vitro. Changing the PRF was found to affect cellular response to LIPUS stimulation for both cell types. Proliferation of LIPUS-stimulated cells was found to decrease for hASCs by d 7 for all three groups compared with unstimulated control cells (P = 0.008, 0.011, 0.014 for 1 Hz, 100 Hz and 1 kHz PRF, respectively) and for hMSCs by d 14 (donor 1: P = 0.0005, 0.0002, 0.0003; donor 2: P = 0.0003, 0.0002, 0.0001; for PRFs of 1 Hz, 100 Hz, and 1 kHz, respectively). Additionally, LIPUS was shown to strongly accelerate osteogenic differentiation of hASCs based on amount of calcium accretion normalized by total DNA (P = 0.003, 0.001, 0.003, and 0.032 between control/100 Hz, control/1 kHz, 1 Hz/1 kHz, and 100 Hz/1 kHz pulse repetition frequencies, respectively). These findings promote the study of using LIPUS to induce osteogenic differentiation and further encourage the exploration of LIPUS parameter optimization. The custom LIPUS system was successfully designed to allow extreme parameter variation, specifically PRF, and encourages further studies.
Algunos interrogantes en torno a los estudios de Periodismo ante el nuevo Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (2005)

Este artículo expone ciertas cuestiones que se le plantean a los estudios de Periodismo ante su próxima adaptación al nuevo escenario educativo que supone el denominado Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. El acercamiento de los sistemas de formación de los distintos países de la Unión Europea, encaminado a procurar una mayor “comparabilidad” y “compatibilidad” que fomente la movilidad de estudiantes y profesores y que, a largo plazo, facilite también las dificultades que aún se presentan en la libre circulación de profesiones, podría generar ciertos cambios en la forma en como está diseñada en la actualidad esta carrera en nuestro país.
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor promotes macrophage infiltration into the vascular wall of ApoE deficient mice (2004)

The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) regulates macrophage adhesion and migration by binding directly to matrix proteins and signaling through integrin complexes. In this study, we examined the role of uPAR on macrophage infiltration into the vascular wall. Stable murine macrophage (Raw264.7) cell lines expressing high levels of human uPAR, human urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), or both were established using expression vectors driven by the human CD68 promoter. Stimulation with human uPA specifically induced phosphorylation of early response regulated kinase (ERK) in cells expressing human uPAR but not in sham transfected cells. The human uPAR expressing Raw264.7 cells showed increased adhesion to both human uPA and vitronectin (Vn). Raw264.7 cells expressing human uPAR or both human uPAR and uPA, but not uPA alone, were detected in the aortic wall of ApoE(-/-) mice, and no cells were detected in that of age-matched C57BL/6J mice after intravenous infusion of the cells. Blocking of Mac-1/ICAM-1 interaction by anti-alphaM antibody (M1/70) significantly reduced the infiltration of huPAR-expressing Raw264.1 cells into aorta of ApoE(-/-) mice. Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with angiotensin II resulted in infiltration of Raw264.7 cells expressing human uPAR. These data demonstrate that uPAR plays a key role in promoting macrophage infiltration into the arterial wall of ApoE(-/-) mice.
Laser applications in flow diagnostics (1988)

Abstract : A brief introduction to coherent optics and laser is given to provide a review and common language to the reader. The material is presented at a level to be understood by engineers who are working in the aerospace field and who are interested in the experimental application of lasers in research and development. An emphasis is placed on applications in aerodynamics, and examples have been selected from a number of laboratories in the NATO countries visited by the author while preparing the material. The applications include holography, laser velocimetry, spectroscopy, and the use of lasers simply as efficient light sources in conventional measurement methods. Keywords: Lasers; Holography; Flow measurement; Aerodynamic holography; Laser velocimetry; Laser spectroscopy; Aerodynamics; Speed indicators; Spectroscopy.
How Safe is High-Power Ultrasonic Dissection? (2003)

High-power ultrasonic dissections at level 5 and to a lesser extent level 4 result in considerable heat production that causes proximity collateral damage to adjacent tissues when the continuous activation time exceeds 10 seconds. Ultrasonic dissections near important structures should be conducted at level 3. At power levels of 4 and 5, the ultrasonic energy bursts to the tissue should not exceed 5 seconds at any one time.
Unequal Path Interferometer Alignment And Use (1979)

A step-by-step process for aligning an unequal path interferometer is given. The interferometer as an optical test tool is discussed, as are configurations for evaluating a variety of optical components and systems.
Control of an interfacial MoSe<sub>2</sub> layer in Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnSe<sub>4</sub> thin film solar cells: 8.9% power conversion efficiency with a TiN diffusion barrier (2012)

peer reviewed
Automatic Detection of Illegitimate Websites with Mutual Clustering (2016)

In the websites the contents will be are similarity when we compared with other search engines. So to check the similar content in the websites and its web contents we created a overhead to the search engine which will severely effect its performance &amp; quality. So to detect the silmilar or same content or web documenattion some techniques are implemented by web crawling research community. So it is one of major factor for the search engines to provide some applicatory data to users in the first page itself. So to avoid such issues we proposed a methodlogy called Automatic Detection of illegitimate websites with Mutual Clustering (ADIWMC) paper we are presenting a peculiar and efficacious path for the detection of similarities in the web pages in web clustering. Detection of same and similar web pages and web content will be done by storing the crawled web pages into depository. Initially the adwords will be extracted from the crawled pages and similarity checking will be done between the two pages based in the usage of adwords. So a threshold value is set for this, if the similarity checking percentage is greater than the threshold then similarity content is reduced and improves the depositary and improves the search engine quality. In the sections of existing analysis and the proposed analysis we are clearly exploring how it works.
Investigation of mechanical, thermal and surface properties of nanoclay/HDPE nanocomposites produced industrially by melt mixing approach (2015)

The main aim of this paper is to introduce mechanical, thermal and surface properties of produced industrially HDPE-based nanocomposites. For this purpose, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 wt.% loading of nanoclay-reinforced HDPE nanocomposites made from the HDPE matrix were prepared by the melt mixing method using a compounder system, which consist of industrial banbury mixer, single screw extruder and granule cutting. The effect of nanoclay on mechanical, thermal and surface properties of nanoclay/HDPE nanocomposites was investigated. The tensile and flexural strength of nanoclay/HDPE nanocomposite increased by about 5% and 7%, respectively, with addition of 1.0 wt.% nanoclay. But then it decreased slightly as the nanoclay content increased to 5.0 wt.%. The tensile modulus and tensile elongation were decreased with the addition of 1.0 wt.% nanoclay, but did not increase further as more nanoclay was added. The flexural modulus of HDPE was significantly improved after (from 1.0 wt.% up to 5.0 wt.%) addition of nanoclay. It was found that the scratch resistance of nanoclay/HDPE nanocomposite improved with addition of the nanoclay by SEM examination. Density, melting flow index (MFI), differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), and vicat softening temperature (VICAT) were used to characterize the physical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the structural characteristics of the nanocomposites. It is concluded that the addition of the nanoclay in HDPE has significantly influenced the mechanical, thermal, and surface properties of the nanocomposites.
Creating hybrid user interfaces with a 2D multi-touch tabletop and a 3D see-through head-worn display (2011)

How can multiple different display and interaction devices be used together to create an effective augmented reality environment? We explore the design of several prototype hybrid user interfaces that combine a 2D multi-touch tabletop display with a 3D head-tracked video-see-through display. We describe a simple modeling application and an urban visualization tool in which the information presented on the head-worn display supplements the information displayed on the tabletop, using a variety of approaches to track the head-worn display relative to the tabletop. In all cases, our goal is to allow users who can see only the tabletop to interact effectively with users wearing head-worn displays.
Entropy-based Pruning for Phrase-based Machine Translation (2012)

Phrase-based machine translation models have shown to yield better translations than Word-based models, since phrase pairs encode the contextual information that is needed for a more accurate translation. However, many phrase pairs do not encode any relevant context, which means that the translation event encoded in that phrase pair is led by smaller translation events that are independent from each other, and can be found on smaller phrase pairs, with little or no loss in translation accuracy. In this work, we propose a relative entropy model for translation models, that measures how likely a phrase pair encodes a translation event that is derivable using smaller translation events with similar probabilities. This model is then applied to phrase table pruning. Tests show that considerable amounts of phrase pairs can be excluded, without much impact on the translation quality. In fact, we show that better translations can be obtained using our pruned models, due to the compression of the search space during decoding. 1
Core-Perfluoroalkylated Perylene Diimides and Naphthalene Diimides: Versatile Synthesis, Solubility, Electrochemistry, and Optical Properties (2010)

By a strategy featuring perfluoroalkylation of the highly soluble intermediates and their further efficient transformations to target compounds, a versatile synthesis of core-perfluoroalkylated perylene diimides (PDIs) and naphthalene diimides (NDIs) was developed, and PDIs perfluoroalkylated at 1-position or 1,6-positions and core-perfluoroalkylated NDIs were first obtained. By esterification, perfluoroalkylation, hydrolysis, and condensation with amine, 1-perfluorooctyl-PDIs (7b, 7c, and 7e), 1,7-bis(perfluorooctyl)-PDIs (8a-c and 8e-g), 1,6-bis(perfluorooctyl)-PDIs (8'e), a mixture of 1,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-PDIs and 1,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-PDIs (11b and 11'b, 11d and 11'd, in a ratio of 19:1), 2-perfluorooctyl-NDIs (20a-d), and 2,6-bis(perfluorooctyl)-NDIs (21a-21d) were efficiently synthesized. Five valuable intermediates--1-perfluorooctylperylene dianhydride (5), 1,7-bis(perfluorooctyl)perylene dianhydride (6) 1,6-bis(perfluorooctyl)perylene dianhydride (6'), 2-perfluorooctylnaphthalene dianhydride (18), and 2,6-bis(perfluorooctyl) naphthalene dianhydride (19)--were also obtained, and they can condense with many amines to produce PDIs containing different functional side chains on the imide nitrogen atoms. Solubility, electrochemistry, and optical properties of the above core-perfluoroalkylated PDIs and NDIs were investigated. Core-perfluoroalkylated 8e, 8f, 8'e, mixture of 11d and 11'd, 20b, and 20d with excellent solubility in common organic solvents are competitive as candidates as solution processable semiconductors. Core-perfluoroalkylated PDIs and NDIs with experimental LUMO energy of 4.04-4.34 eV demonstrate strong electron accepting ability. For core-perfluoroalkylated PDIs, the maximum absorptions display blue shifts of 6-18 nm and the maximum molar extinction coefficients decrease obviously relative to those of unsubstituted PDIs, and they inherit the strong fluorescence from the PDIs family, which makes them promising fluorescent dyes.