gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COLINEAR BONDS AT THE OXYGEN ATOM (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCOLINEAR BONDS AT THE OXYGEN ATOMPaolo Corradini and Giuseppe AllegraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 20, 5510–5511Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01529a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01529a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dental Location of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in Human: Harboring Both Species (1991)

The distribution and prevalence of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were determined in plaque samples from the cervical areas of all buccal, lingual and approximal tooth surfaces and from the fissures of all occlusal sites in 40 subjects harboring both species. S. mutans was detected more often and in higher numbers than S. sobrinus. There were more teeth detected with S. mutans only than with S. sobrinus only. Most teeth harbored both of these mutans streptococci species, indicating a positive association. The highest numbers of CFU for both species were detected on the molars, with the lowest incidence on the anterior teeth. The presence of S. mutans was relatively similar on all teeth tested, while the presence of S. sobrinus was relatively higher on the molars compared to the anterior teeth. S. mutans and S. sobrinus were found to colonize the buccal surfaces in almost equal numbers. On all other surfaces, S. mutans was detected more frequently or in higher numbers compared to S. sobrinus. No significant differences could be found in the relative proportions of S. mutans and S. sobrinus between sound, decayed or filled tooth surfaces.
HPLC를 이용한 주방세제의 음이온 및 비이온 계면활성제 분석 (2013)

This study was carried out to develop an analysis method for the determination of anionic and nonionic surfactants. The condition for simultaneous analysis of anionic and nonionic surfactants by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) equipped with an evaporated light scattering detector (ELSD) was investigated. Alkyl polyglucoside(APG) and alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) were analyzed on a C18-boned silica column with a methanol and water gradient condition by HPLC/ELSD. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 100-500 mg/L on APG and 500-4000 mg/L on AOS, with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.9999. The limits of detection (LOD) for APG and AOS were 2.29 and 16.55 mg/L, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 7.63 and 55.16 mg/L, respectively. The recoveries of the surfactants were 99.29% on APG and 96.11% on AOS. The established method provided acceptable precision and accuracy. Our methods would be useful for the detection of APG and AOS in dishwashing detergents.
Estrogen-replacement therapy in younger women with breast cancer. (1994)

Approximately 25% of breast cancers occur in premenopausal women. In addition to local therapy, surgery or surgery plus irradiation, systemic chemotherapy administration has become the standard of care for all node-positive and many node-negative patients. Systemic adjuvant chemotherapy can result in ovarian dysfunction or failure. This renders many women prematurely estrogen deficient. The consequences of menopause, genitourinary atrophy, bone loss, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, have not been routinely assessed in clinical trials. The risks of estrogen deficiency have not been assessed in comparison to improved disease-free and overall survival benefits of adjuvantly treated premenopausal breast cancer patients. Estrogen-replacement therapy in postmenopausal women has been shown to prevent osteoporosis and reduce fracture risk. The majority of studies also show a marked reduction in cardiovascular disease and mortality. Estrogen-replacement therapy has been considered a disease-prevention strategy rather than a therapeutic intervention. The risks and benefits of estrogen-replacement therapy in women with primary breast cancer are unknown. It is unknown how the well-known benefits accrued from reduction in skeletal and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality compare with the potential risks of increased breast cancer morbidity/mortality. Carefully designed prospective clinical trials with well-defined objectives and endpoints are required to learn if more harm than good is done by the withholding of estrogen therapy in breast cancer patients.
Alloying Effect on the Electronic Structure of Ni<sub>3</sub>Al ( γ') (1984)

The influence of a number of alloying transition elements on the electronic structure of Ni 3 Al ( γ') has been studied by the DV-X α cluster method. The d orbital levels of the alloying elements appear above the Fermi level, and these change monotonously with atomic number, electronegativity and metallic radius of the element. These level structures associated with d electrons characterize the alloying elements as whether they are elements partitioning to γ phase, to γ' phase or to grainboundary. The substitution of alloying elements for either Ni or Al site was also discussed in terms of electronic structure. Further, the ionicity of each element, and the bond order between elements in γ' phase have been calculated, which provide basic informations for understanding bond nature in the alloy. These informations were found to be useful for developing better nickel base superalloys with a high performance at elevated temperatures.
Genes involved in conjugative DNA processing of plasmid R6K (1997)

The conjugative transfer region of the IncX plasmid R6K (TRA(x)) was analysed by transposon mutagenesis and DNA sequencing. Tn5tac1 insertional mutations localized TRA(x) to a 14.8 kb segment containing the alpha origin of transfer (oriT alpha), genes involved in conjugative DNA-processing (Dtr(x)) and genes involved in pilus synthesis and assembly (Mpf(x)). A second functional oriT, oriTbeta, was located at a distance of 5.3 kb from oriT alpha and was outside TRA(x). Mpf(x) occupied a segment of 10kb, as judged by the location of insertions conferring resistance to infection by the X pilus-specific phage X-2. At both sides of Mpf(x) there were insertions that were Tra but X-2 sensitive, suggesting that the mutations were in Dtr(x). This region was sequenced and three genes were identified: taxA, taxB, and taxC. The overall organization was oriT alpha-taxA-taxC-Mpf(x)-taxB. taxC coded for a oriT-relaxase that belongs to the VirD2 family. taxA coded for a protein of 181 amino acids that showed similarity to TraY of F-like plasmids and to the Arc-repressor superfamily. TaxB showed similarity to TraG-like proteins, a protein superfamily probably involved in coupling the relaxosome to the DNA-transport apparatus. TaxA and TaxC are required for oriT nicking in vivo. The nicking reaction was mistakenly assumed by Flashner et al. (1996) to represent a feature of the vegetative replication origins. However, insertions or deletions disrupting taxA and taxC affected conjugation but not replication of R6K. Conversely, protein pi, which is absolutely required for replication of R6K, was not required for conjugative transfer. In addition, protein DDP3, which is also assumed to have a role in replication, was found to be a positive modulator of bacterial conjugation. Taken together, these results rule out a direct and essential involvement of conjugation proteins in R6K vegetative replication, and also rule out the requirement of replication protein pi for conjugation.
Negative Regulation of Growth Hormone Receptor Signaling (2005)

GH has been of significant scientific interest for decades because of its capacity to dramatically change physiological growth parameters. Furthermore, GH interacts with a range of other hormonal pathways and is an established pharmacological agent for which novel therapeutical applications can be foreseen. It is easy to see the requirement for a number of postreceptor mechanisms to regulate and control target tissue sensitivity to this versatile hormone. In recent years, some of the components that take part in the down-regulatory mechanism targeting the activated GH receptor (GHR) have been defined, and the physiological significance of some of these key components has begun to be characterized. Down-regulation of the GHR is achieved through a complex mechanism that involves rapid ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis of the receptor, the action of tyrosine phosphatases, and the degradation by the proteasome. The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein family, particularly SOCS2, plays an important role in regulating GH actions. The aim of this review is to summarize collected knowledge, including very recent findings, regarding the intracellular mechanisms responsible for the GHR signaling down-regulation. Insights into these mechanisms can be of relevance to several aspects of GH research. It can help to understand growth-related disease conditions, to explain GH resistance, and may be used to develop pharmaceuticals that enhance some the beneficial actions of endogenously secreted GH in a tissue-specific manner.
Costimulation of naive human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells through intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 promotes differentiation to a memory phenotype that is not strictly the result of multiple rounds of cell division (2006)

The process by which naive T cells become activated, differentiate into effector cells and ultimately generate long-lived memory cells is dependent upon a number of factors, including the costimulatory signals received by the T cell. To best understand the multiple events involved, it is important to understand the potential contributions by individual signalling proteins using both in vitro and in vivo studies. Here, the potential for costimulation through intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; CD54), resident on the surface of naive human T cells, to influence differentiation was investigated. Costimulation of naive T cells through ICAM-1 resulted in expansive cell division, high interleukin-2 production, and protection from apoptosis. Prolonged culture led to outgrowth of a subpopulation of cells with a highly differentiated CD45RA- CD11a(hi) CD27- phenotype. In this respect, costimulation through ICAM-1 was similar to costimulation through CD28 and different from costimulation through leucocyte function-associated antigen-1. The CD45RA- CD11a(hi) CD27- cells responded to suboptimal stimulation through the T-cell receptor alone with a more robust proliferative response compared with naive cells from the same subject. These cells also secreted higher levels of T helper type 1 cytokines in response to lower levels of stimulation than their naive counterparts. The surface phenotype and more sensitive response characteristics suggest the creation of a memory T-cell subpopulation as a result of costimulation through ICAM-1. Finally, generation of this memory population was the result of specific costimulatory signals, and not merely because of a high number of cell divisions. These data reveal a new role for resident ICAM-1 to influence the differentiation of naive T cells.
Fate of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Cancer Cells (2018)

Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a class of cancer therapeutics that combines antigen specificity and potent cytotoxicity in a single molecule as they are comprised of an engineered antibody linked chemically to a cytotoxic drug. Four ADCs have received approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicine Agency (EMA) and can be prescribed for metastatic conditions while around 60 ADCs are currently enrolled in clinical trials. The efficacy of an ADC greatly relies on its intracellular trafficking and processing of its components to trigger tumor cell death. A limited number of studies have addressed these critical processes that both challenge and help foster the design of ADCs. This review highlights those mechanisms and their relevance for future development of ADCs as cancer therapeutics.
Experimental Study on the Impact Characteristics of Cavitation Bubble Collapse on a Wall (2018)

As a hydrodynamic phenomenon, cavitation is a main concern in many industries such as water conservancy, the chemical industry and medical care. There are many studies on the generation, development and collapse of cavitation bubbles, but there are few studies on the variation of the cyclic impact strength on walls from the collapse of cavitation bubbles. In this paper, a high-speed dynamic acquisition and analysis system and a pressure measuring system are combined to study the impact of a cavitation bubble generated near a wall for various distances between the cavitation bubble and the wall. The results show that (1) with the discriminating criteria of the impact pressure borne by the wall, the critical conditions for the generation of a micro-jet in the collapse process of the cavitation bubbles are obtained, and therefore collapses of cavitation bubbles near the wall are mainly divided into primary impact area collapses, secondary impact area collapses and slow release area collapses; (2) it can be seen from the impact strength of the cavitation bubble collapse on the wall surface that the impact of cavitation bubbles on the wall surface during the first collapse decreases as γ (the dimensionless distance between the cavitation bubble and the wall) increases, but the impact of the second collapse on the wall surface increases first and then decreases sharply. When γ is less than 1.33, the impact on the wall surface is mainly from the first collapse. When γ is between 1.33 and 2.37, the impact on the wall surface is mainly from the second collapse. These conclusions have potential theoretical value for the utilization or prevention and control technologies for cavitation erosion.
In-Situ Raman Observation of the First Step of Uranium Dioxide Weathering Exposed to Water Radiolysis (2011)

International audience
α Cell Function and Gene Expression Are Compromised in Type 1 Diabetes (2018)

Many patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have residual β cells producing small amounts of C-peptide long after disease onset but develop an inadequate glucagon response to hypoglycemia following T1D diagnosis. The features of these residual β cells and α cells in the islet endocrine compartment are largely unknown, due to the difficulty of comprehensive investigation. By studying the T1D pancreas and isolated islets, we show that remnant β cells appeared to maintain several aspects of regulated insulin secretion. However, the function of T1D α cells was markedly reduced, and these cells had alterations in transcription factors constituting α and β cell identity. In the native pancreas and after placing the T1D islets into a non-autoimmune, normoglycemic in vivo environment, there was no evidence of α-to-β cell conversion. These results suggest an explanation for the disordered T1D counterregulatory glucagon response to hypoglycemia.
High Performance I/O For Large Scale Deep Learning (2019)

Training deep learning (DL) models on petascale datasets is essential for achieving competitive and state-of-the-art performance in applications such as speech, video analytics, and object recognition. However, existing distributed filesystems were not developed for the access patterns and usability requirements of DL jobs. In this paper, we describe AIStore, a highly scalable, easy-to-deploy storage system, and WebDataset, a standards-based storage format and library that permits efficient access to very large datasets. We compare system performance experimentally using image classification workloads and storing training data on a variety of backends, including local SSDs, single-node NFS, and two identical bare-metal clusters: HDFS and AIStore.
Evaluation of fault-tolerant policies using simulation (2007)

Various mechanisms for fault-tolerance (FT) are used today in order to reduce the impact of failures on application execution. In the case of system failure, standard FT mechanisms are checkpoint/restart (for reactive FT) and migration (for pro-active FT). However, each of these mechanisms create an overhead on application execution, overhead that for instance becomes critical on large-scale systems where previous studies have shown that applications may spend more time checkpointing state than performing useful work. In order to decrease this overhead, researchers try to both optimize existing FT mechanisms and implement new FT policies. For instance, combining reactive and pro-active approaches in order to decrease the number of checkpoints that must be performed during the application's execution. However, currently no solutions exist which enable the evaluation of these FT approaches through simulation, instead experimentations must be done using real platforms. This increases complexity and limits experimentation into alternate solutions. This paper presents a simulation framework that evaluates different FT mechanisms and policies. The framework uses system failure logs for the simulation with a default behavior based on logs taken from the ASCI White at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We evaluate the accuracy of our simulator comparing simulated results with those taken from experiments done on a 32-node compute cluster. Therefore such a simulator can be used to develop new FT policies and/or to tune existing policies.
Prevention of Bacterial Biofilms Formation on Urinary Catheter by Selected Plant Extracts (2015)

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using Psidium guajava, Mangifera indica and Ocimum gratissimum leaf extracts in preventing Escherichia coli biofilm formation. The plants extractions were done with methanol under cold extraction. The various concentrations 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg mL(-1) were used to coat 63 catheters under mild heat from water bath. Biofilm formation on the catheter was induced using cultures of E. coli. Biofilm formation was evaluated using aerobic plate count and turbidity at 600 nm. From the obtained results, Psidium guajava, Mangifera indica and Ocimum gratissimum delayed the onset of biofilm formation for a week. Ocimum gratissimum coated catheter had the highest inhibitory effect at 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg mL(-1) with bacterial count ranging from 2.2 x 10(5)-7.0 x 10(4) and 5.7 x 10(5)-3.7 x10(5) for 120 and 128 h, respectively. The Psidium guajava coated catheter had the lowest inhibitory effect at 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg mL(-1), with bacterial count ranging between 4.3 x 10(5)-1.9 x 10(3) and 7.7 x 10(5)-3.8 x 10(5) for 120 and 128 h, respectively. Despite the antimicrobial activities, the differences in the activity of these plant extracts were statistically not significant (p < 0.05).
Silver or Nitrofurazone Impregnation of Urinary Catheters Has a Minimal Effect on Uropathogen Adherence (2010)

Silver impregnation had little effect on bacterial adherence in our model and nitrofurazone impregnation had a significant effect only for the first 5 days. Our results do not support a role for silver urinary catheters to prevent catheter associated urinary tract infection by decreasing bacterial adherence.
Isolation and Characterization of a 14.5‐kDa Trichloroacetic‐Acid‐Soluble Translational Inhibitor Protein from Human Monocytes that is Upregulated Upon Cellular Differentiation (1996)

A trichloroacetic-acid-soluble 14.5-kDa protein (p14.5) has been isolated from human mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) by a combination of trichloroacetic acid extraction, preparative electrophoresis and hydrophobic affinity chromatography; five tryptic peptides were subjected to protein sequencing. The full-length cDNA of the protein was cloned and sequenced from a lambda gt11 human liver library. The cDNA showed a remarkable similarity to a rat protein preferentially expressed in hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells. The encoded protein is 137 amino acids long and similar to members of a new hypothetical family of small proteins with presently unknown function, named YER057c/YJGF. Human recombinant p14.5 inhibits in vitro protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Unlike other inhibitors of protein synthesis, p14.5 is not phosphorylated despite the presence of putative phosphorylation sites. The p14.5 mRNA is weakly expressed in freshly isolated monocytes but is significantly upregulated when these monocytes are subjected to differentiation. This is also reflected by a differentiation-dependent increase in the protein concentration as demonstrated by immunoblots from cytosolic fractions and fluorescence-activated flow cytometry of permeabilized cells. A differentiation-dependent mRNA and protein expression of p14.5 is further suggested by the observation of a low expression in a variety of liver and kidney tumor cells and a high expression in fully differentiated cells as assessed by immunohistochemistry and northern blots. The highest mRNA expression was found in hepatocytes and renal distal tubular epithelial cells and only weak expression was found in other human tissues as evaluated by northern blot analysis. The preferential localization of the immunoreaction product seemed to be cytoplasmatic but, in less differentiated cells, nuclear labeling was occasionally visible. Immunoblotting of subcellular fractions confirmed these data. The high degree of evolutionary conservation of p14.5, the considerable upregulation during cellular differentiation and its potential role as a translational inhibitor may reflect an involvement in basic cellular mechanisms, e.g. a differentiation-dependent regulation of protein synthesis in hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells and MNP.
Combination Therapy Reverses Hyperglycemia in NOD Mice With Established Type 1 Diabetes (2015)

An increasing number of therapies have proven effective at reversing hyperglycemia in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet situations of successful translation to human T1D are limited. This may be partly due to evaluating the effect of treating immediately at diagnosis in mice, which may not be reflective of the advanced disease state in humans at disease onset. In this study, we treated NOD mice with new-onset as well as established disease using various combinations of four drugs: antithymocyte globulin (ATG), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (DPP-4i), and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Therapy with all four drugs induced remission in 83% of new-onset mice and, remarkably, in 50% of NOD mice with established disease. Also noteworthy, disease remission occurred irrespective of initial blood glucose values and mechanistically was characterized by enhanced immunoregulation involving alterations in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells. This combination therapy also allowed for effective treatment at reduced drug doses (compared with effective monotherapy), thereby minimizing potential adverse effects while retaining efficacy. This combination of approved drugs demonstrates a novel ability to reverse T1D, thereby warranting translational consideration.