gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parameter passing and control stack management in Prolog implementation revisited (1996)

Parameter passing and control stack management are two of the crucial issues in Prolog implementation. In the Warren Abstract Machine (WAM), the most widely used abstract machine for Prolog implementation, arguments are passed through argument registers, and the information associated with procedure calls is stored in possibly two frames. Although accessing registers is faster than accessing memory, this scheme requires the argument registers to be saved and restored for back tracking and makes it difficult to implement full tail recursion elimination. These disadvantages may far outweigh the advantage in emulator-based implementations because registers are actually simulated by using memory. In this article, we reconsider the two crucial issues and describe a new abstract machine called ATOAM (yet Another Tree-Oriented Abstract Machine). The ATOAM differs from the WAM mainly in that (1) arguments are passed directly into stack frames, (2) only one frame is used for each procedure call, and (3) procedures are translated into matching trees is possible, and clauses in each procedure are indexed on all input arguments. The above-mentioned inefficiencies of the WAM do not exist in to he ATOAM because backtracking requires less bookkeeping operations, and tail recursion can be handled in most cases like a loop statement in procedural languages. An ATOAM-emulator-based Prolog system called B-Prolog has been implemented, which is available through anonymous ftp from ftp.kyutech.ac.jp (131.206.1.101) in the directory pub/Language/prolog .B-Prolog is comparable in performance with and can sometimes be significatly faster than emulated SICStus-Prolog. By measuring the numbers of memory and register references made in both systems, we found that passing arguments in stack is no worse than passing arguments in registers even if accessing memory is four times as expensive as accessing registers.
Monitoring plasma treatment of thin films by surface plasmon resonance (2014)

We report the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements during plasma treatment of thin films by an indigenously designed setup. From the measurements on Al (6.3 nm)/Ag (38 nm) bi-layer at a pressure of 0.02 mbar, the SPR position was found to be shifted by ~20° after a plasma treatment of ~7 h. The formation of oxide layers during plasma oxidation was confirmed by glancing angle x-ray diffraction (GXRD) measurements. Combined analysis of GXRD and SPR data confirmed that while top Al layer enables controlling plasma oxidation of Ag, the setup enables monitoring the same. The setup designed is a first of its kind for in situ SPR studies where creation of low pressure is a prerequisite.
Photoabsorption and photofragmentation of isolated cationic silver cluster–tryptophan hybrid systems (2007)

We present a theoretical study of the size and structure selective absorption properties of cationic silver cluster-tryptophan Trp-Ag(n)(+) (n = 2-5,9) hybrid systems supported by photofragmentation experiments. Our time-dependent density functional theory calculations provide insight into the nature of excitations in interacting nanoparticle-biomolecule subunits and allow to determine characteristic spectral features as fingerprints of two different classes of structures: charge solvated and zwitterionic. Moreover, different types of charge transfer transitions have been identified. Charge transfer from pi system of tryptophan to silver cluster occurs for charge solvated structures while charge transfer from silver to the NH(3) (+) group takes place for zwitterionic structures. This has been confirmed by experimentally measured photofragmentation channels and molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings provide fundamental insight into the structure- and size-dependent mechanism responsible for the enhanced absorption and emission in nanoparticle-biomolecular hybrid systems.
Cytoprotection by fructose and other ketohexoses during bile salt-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes (1997)

Toxic bile salts cause hepatocyte necrosis at high concentrations and apoptosis at lower concentrations. Although fructose prevents bile salt- induced necrosis, the effect of fructose on bile salt-induced apoptosis is unclear. Our aim was to determine if fructose also protects against bile salt-induced apoptosis. Fructose inhibited glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC)-induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner with a maximum inhibition of 72% ± 10% at 10 mmol/L. First, we determined if fructose inhibited apoptosis by decreasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and intracellular pH (pHi). Although fructose decreased ATP to <25% of basal values, oligomycin (an ATP synthase inhibitor) did not inhibit apoptosis despite decreasing ATP to similar values. Fructose (10 mmol/L) decreased intracellular pH (pHi) by 0.2 U. However, extracellular acidification (pH 6.8), which decreased hepatocyte pHi 0.35 U and is known to inhibit necrosis, actually potentiated apoptosis 1.6-fold. Fructose cytoprotection also could not be explained by induction of bcl-2 transcription or metal chelation. Because we could not attribute fructose cytoprotection to metabolic effects, alterations in the expression of bcl-2, or metal chelation, we next determined if the poorly metabolized ketohexoses, tagatose and sorbose, also inhibited apoptosis; unexpectedly, both ketohexoses inhibited apoptosis. Because bile salt-induced apoptosis and necrosis are inhibited by fructose, these data suggest that similar processes initiate bile salt-induced hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis. In contrast, acidosis, which inhibits necrosis, potentiates apoptosis. Thus, ketohexose-sensitive pathways appear to initiate both bile salt-induced cell apoptosis and necrosis, whereas dissimilar, pH-sensitive, effector mechanisms execute these two different cell death processes.
Acute and chronic effects of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor in asthma: A 6-month randomized multicenter trial (1996)

Zileuton produces objective and subjective improvements in patients with mild to moderate asthma and is well tolerated.
Evaluation of component-aware dynamic voltage scaling for mobile devices and wireless sensor networks (2011)

Energy efficiency is very important for mobile devices and wireless sensor networks (WSNs), because the consumable energy is limited. Therefore, the operating time of such devices depends mainly on the capacity of the energy storage component and on the average power consumption of the device. The power consumption depends on the supply voltage and on the activated components of the hardware. This work presents the evaluation of component-aware dynamic voltage scaling (CADVS). This low power technique combines the power-down of unused components and the minimization of the supply voltage. Typically, each component of the hardware (microcontroller, transceiver, sensors) has its own supply voltage range. Therefore, the minimum allowed supply voltage depends on the activated components. However, the activated components and consequently the minimum allowed supply voltage varies over time. CADVS uses voltage converter to adjusts the supply voltage of the hardware to save as much energy as possible. This work presents the evaluation of six different voltage converters. It has been shown that CADVS can be used to save up to 38.7% of the energy compared to a constant voltage supply using the introduced scenario while achieving the same end-user performance.
A floating point FIR filter with reduced exponent dynamic range (2003)

The authors present a new architecture for the realization of finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters with floating point coefficients. The approach exploits the characteristics of the envelope of many commonly encountered filter types to produce a structure which combines fixed point multipliers with a simple exponent processor based on differential coding. It is demonstrated that much of the response error improvement obtained through the employment of a floating point coefficient representation can be obtained by using this approach. In the case described, the differential exponents are limited to values of 0 or +1 and can thus be realized with a very simple hardware programmable shifter. The architecture is modular and suitable for VLSI implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of TSH Receptor Mutations on Binding and Biological Activity of Monoclonal Antibodies and TSH (2006)

The effects of an extensive series of mutations in the TSH receptor (TSHR) leucine-rich domain (LRD) on the ability of thyroid-stimulating monoclonal antibodies (TSMAbs) and TSH to bind to the receptor and stimulate cyclic AMP production in TSHR-transfected CHO cells has been investigated. In addition, the ability of a mouse monoclonal antibody with blocking (i.e., antagonist) activity (RSR-B2) to interact with mutated receptors has been studied. Several amino acids distributed along an extensive part of the concave surface of the LRD were found to be important for binding and stimulation by the thyroid-stimulating human MAb M22 but did not appear to be important for TSH binding and stimulation. Most of these amino acids important for M22 interactions were also found to be important for the stimulating activity of six different mouse TSMAbs and a hamster TSMAb. Furthermore, most of these same amino acids were important for stimulation by TSHR autoantibodies in a panel of sera from patients with Graves' disease. Amino acid R255 was the only residue found to be unimportant for TSH stimulation but critical for stimulation by all thyroid-stimulating antibodies tested (23 patient serum TSHR autoantibodies, M22, and all seven animal TSMAbs). About half the amino acids (all located in the N-terminal part of the LRD) found to be important for M22 activity were also important for the blocking activity of RSR-B2 and although the epitopes for the two MAbs overlap they are different. As the two MAbs have similar affinities, their epitope differences are probably responsible for their different activities. Overall our results indicate that different TSMAbs and different patient sera thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies interact with the same region of the TSHR, but there are subtle differences in the actual amino acids that make contact with the different stimulators.
High Yields of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells at Physiological Oxygen Tensions for Evaluation of Translational Biology (2013)

We have established and efficient system to specify NG2/PDGF-Rα/OLIG2+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) at low, physiological (3%) oxygen levels. This was achieved via both forebrain and spinal cord origins, with up to 98% of cells expressing NG2. Developmental insights reveal a critical role for fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) in OLIG2 induction via ventral forebrain pathways. The OPCs mature in vitro to express O4 (46%) and subsequently become galactocerebroside (GALC), O1, and myelin basic protein-positive (MBP+) multibranching oligodendrocytes. These were cultured alongside hESC-derived neurons. The electrophysiological properties of human OPCs are similar to those of rat OPCs, with large voltage-gated sodium currents and the ability to fire action potentials. Exposure to a selective retinoid X receptor agonist increased the proportion of O4+ oligodendrocytes that express MBP from 5% to 30%. Thus, we have established a developmentally engineered system to investigate the biological properties of human OPCs and test the effects of putative remyelinating agents prior to clinical application.
Oral intake of heat-killed<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>L-137 decreases the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in healthy subjects with high levels of psychological stress (2013)

The immunomodulatory effects of live or non-viable lactic acid bacteria have been extensively investigated. We reported that oral intake of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (HK L-137) augmented innate and acquired immunity in mice and human subjects. To examine the effects of HK L-137 intake on upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms and immune functions in human subjects, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study was conducted in subjects with high psychological stress levels. A total of seventy-eight healthy subjects (thirty-three men and forty-five women; mean age 50·6 years) with scores of >41 on eighteen-item subscales of psychological distress in the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire were randomly assigned to receive a tablet containing HK L-137 (10 mg) or a placebo tablet daily for 12 weeks. The URTI symptoms were rated once daily on the validated twenty-one-item Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21. Immune functions, such as concanavalin A-induced proliferation and percentages of interferon (IFN)-γ- and IL-4-producing CD4 T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and serum IFN-β concentrations were measured every 4 weeks. URTI incidence was significantly lower in the HK L-137 group than in the control group. URTI incidence, duration and severity, and duration of medication showed significant negative correlations with duration of HK L-137 intake. The percentage change from baseline of concanavalin A-induced proliferation of PBMC was significantly greater in the HK L-137 group than in the control group. These findings suggest that daily HK L-137 intake can decrease URTI incidence in healthy subjects, possibly through augmentation of immune functions.
Bone edema scored on magnetic resonance imaging scans of the dominant carpus at presentation predicts radiographic joint damage of the hands and feet six years later in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2003)

MRI scans performed at the first presentation of RA can be used to help predict future radiographic damage, allowing disease-modifying therapy to be targeted to patients with aggressive disease.
Efficient intramolecular 2 + 2 photocycloaddition of styrene derivatives towards cyclophanes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient intramolecular 2 + 2 photocycloaddition of styrene derivatives towards cyclophanesJun Nishimura, Hirofumi Doi, Eiji Ueda, Akihiro Ohbayashi, and Akira OkuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 17, 5293–5295Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00251a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00251a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Face recognition methods for multimodal interface (2012)

In this paper we provide a comparative study of several conventional face recognition methods (PCA, KPCA, GDA, SVM and RBF) that are suitable to work properly in multimodal systems. Performance of these systems is often influenced by various negative effects of the real-world environment. We evaluate the influence of varying illuminations and pose of faces on face recognition accuracy. Based on the results of our experiments we select the most suitable face recognition methods for application in HBB-NEXT project. This project wants to lay the foundations for advanced hybrid multiuser services.
Low complexity algorithms for faster-than-Nyquistsign : Using coding to avoid an NP-hard problem (2013)

This thesis is an investigation of what happens when communication links are pushed towards their limits and the data-bearing-pulses are packed tighter in time than previously done. This is called faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling and it will violate the Nyquist inter-symbol interference criterion, implying that the data-pulsesare no longer orthogonal and thus that the samples at the receiver will be dependent on more than one of the transmitted symbols. Inter-symbol interference (ISI) has occurred and the consequences of it are studied for the AWGN-channel model. Here it is shown that in order to do maximum likelihood estimation on these samples the receiver will face an NP-hard problem. The standard algorithm to make good estimations in the ISI case is the Viterbi algorithm, but applied on a block with N bits and interference among K bits thecomplexity is O(N *2K), hence limiting the practical applicability. Here, a precoding scheme is proposed together with a decoding that reduce the estimation complexity. By applying the proposed precoding/decoding to a data block of length N the estimation can be done in O(N2) operations preceded by a single off-line O(N3) calculation. The precoding itself is also done in O(N2)operations, with a single o ff-line operation of O(N3) complexity. The strength of the precoding is shown in simulations. In the first it was tested together with turbo codes of code rate 2/3 and block lengthof 6000 bits. When sending 25% more data (FTN) the non-precoded case needed about 2.5 dB higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to have the same error rate as the precoded case. When the precoded case performed without any block errors, the non-precoded case still had a block error rate almost equal to 1. We also studied the scenario of transmission with low latency and high reliability. Here, 600 bits were transmitted with a code rate of 2/3, and hence the target was to communicate 400 bits of data. Applying FTN with doublepacking, that is transmitting 1200 bits during the same amount of time, it was possible to lower the code rate to 1/3 since only 400 bits of data was to be communicated. This technique greatly improves the robustness. When the FTN case performed error free, the classical Nyquist case still had a block error rate of 0.19. To reach error free performance the Nyquist case needed 1.25 dB higher SNR compared to the precoded FTN case with lower code rate.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Eradication with Doxycycline—Metronidazole—Bismuth Subcitrate Triple Therapy (1992)

Triple therapy containing tetracycline HCl is currently among the most efficient combination therapies for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Substitution of doxycycline for tetracycline HCl offers advantages of less frequent dosing and extrarenal excretion. In this study patients with duodenal ulcer or non-ulcer dyspepsia positive for H. pylori were randomized to either doxycycline or tetracycline HCl triple therapy in conjunction with bismuth subcitrate and metronidazole. Of the 34 patients taking doxycycline, only 22 (65%) achieved H. pylori eradication at the 4-week rebiopsy, compared with 36 of 39 (92%) taking tetracycline HCl (p = 0.004). We conclude that doxycycline-containing triple therapy is less effective for H. pylori eradication and offers no clinical advantage over tetracycline HCl-containing triple therapy.
Ghrelin does not stimulate gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying: an experimental study of conscious dogs (2006)

Ghrelin is a peptide that was discovered in endocrine cells of the stomach. However, its action in regulating the fasted and fed motor activity of the digestive tract is not fully understood. In the present study, we examined the effects of an intravenous (i.v.) injection of canine ghrelin on the physiological fasted and fed motor activities in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum and colon of freely moving conscious dogs. An i.v. injection of canine ghrelin released growth hormone in a dose-dependent manner; however, it did not stimulate the motor activity of the digestive tract in either the fasted or the fed state. Moreover, an i.v. injection of high-dose canine ghrelin significantly reduced the motility index in the gastric body in the fasted state. Ghrelin did not accelerate gastric emptying, either. These results differ from previous reports dealing with rodents. It is significant that such results were obtained in research with dogs, which are larger animals.
Extending BitTorrent for Streaming Applications (2007)

Large-scale, real-time multimedia distribution over the Internet has been the subject of research for a substantial amount of time. A large number of mechanisms, policies, methods and schemes have been proposed for media coding, scheduling and distribution. IP multicast was expected to be the primary transport mechanism for this, though it was never deployed to the expected extent. Recent developments in overlay networks has reactualized the research on multicast, with the consequence that many of the previous mechanisms and schemes are being re-evaluated. One of the most important multicast services is real-time media streaming. This extended abstract discusses ongoing research on adapting a popular overlay distribution system, BitTorrent, to provide a streaming service with soft QoS guarantees.
Sequence-dependent cytotoxicity of second-generation oligonucleotides (2004)

In this study, we have examined the potential of second-generation antisense chimeric 2'-O-(2-methoxy)ethyl/DNA phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (ONs) to affect cell growth through non-antisense mechanisms. Evaluation of a series of ONs demonstrated that only a small number were cytotoxic at concentrations close to those required for antisense activity. Toxicity of the ONs appeared to be sequence dependent and could be affected by base and backbone modifications. Caspase-3 activation occurs with some ONs and it is most likely secondary to necrosis rather than apoptosis, since cells treated with toxic ONs did not show chromatin condensation, but did exhibit high-extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity. Caspase-3 activation does not correlate with and appears not to be required for the inhibition of cell proliferation. Toxicity was only observed when ONs were delivered intracellularly. The mechanism by which one of the most cytotoxic ON produces cytotoxicity was investigated in more detail. Treatment with the cytotoxic ON caused disruption of lysosomes and Pepstatin A, a specific inhibitor of aspartic proteases, reduced the cytotoxicity of the ON. Reduction of lysosomal aspartic protease cathepsin D by prior treatment with cathepsin D-specific antisense ON did not attenuate the cytotoxicity, suggesting that other aspartic proteases play a crucial role in the cellular proliferation inhibition by ONs.
Métallurgie extractive de l’aluminium (1992)

Les propriétés de l’aluminium (en particulier, légèreté, conductivité électrique, résistance à la corrosion et propriétés mécaniques), le développement de ses alliages et les techniques de mise en forme ont donné accès pour ce métal à de nombreux domaines d’utilisation dont les principaux sont : les
Advances in Adaptive Control Methods (2009)

This poster presentation describes recent advances in adaptive control technology developed by NASA. Optimal Control Modification is a novel adaptive law that can improve performance and robustness of adaptive control systems. A new technique has been developed to provide an analytical method for computing time delay stability margin for adaptive control systems.