gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shape Characterization of Extracted and Simulated Tumor Samples using Topological and Geometric Measures (2007)

The prognosis of cancer patients suffering from solid tumors significantly depends on the developmental stage of the tumor. For cervix carcinoma the prognosis is better for compact shapes than for diffusive shapes since the latter may already indicate invasion, the stage in tumor progression that precedes the formation of metastases. In this paper, we present methods for describing and evaluating tumor objects and their surfaces based on topological and geometric properties. For geometry, statistics of the binary object's distance transform are used to evaluate the tumor's invasion front. In addition, a simple compactness measure is adapted to 3D images and presented to compare different types of tumor samples. As a topological measure, the Betti numbers are calculated of voxelized tumor objects based on a medial axis transform. We further illustrate how these geometric and topological properties can be used for a quantitative comparison of histological material and single-cell-based tumor growth simulations.
Resonant tunneling permeable base transistor based pulsed oscillator (2004)

In this paper, we show that a three terminal resonant tunneling transistor can be used to obtain pulsed operation of a resonant tunneling based oscillator. We have developed a technology to embed nm-sized metallic features in close vicinity to semiconductor heterostructures which allows a direct integration of resonant tunneling diodes inside the channel of a permeable base transistor, thus forming a resonant tunneling permeable base transistor (RT-PBT). When biased in the NDR-region, the RT-PBT works as a negative resistance oscillator. A fundamental oscillation frequency of 800 MHz was detected, with higher harmonics up to 2.6 GHz. Varying the gate voltage shifted the oscillation frequency, showing the possibility of using the RT-PBT as a voltage controlled oscillator.
Trademarks in Cyberspace: The Pseudo-Abrogation of the Territorialty Principle (2003)

The Internet represents a revolutionary advance in communication technology.It has been suggested that the Internet may be the 'greatest innovation in speech since the invention of the printing press[.]'It allows people from all over the world to exchange ideas and information freely and in 'real-time.'"1Thus, the Internet has eliminated all traditional boundaries and borders.Trademark law, on the other hand, is based on the principle of territoriality.In other words, two companies can use the same mark in geographically remote areas.As Professor McCarthy explains, "a trademark is recognized as having a separate existence in each sovereign territory in which it is registered or legally recognized as a mark."2The tension between the Internet and trademark law is thus clear.How can territorial rights be respected in a medium that respects no boarders?What happens when a United States company and a foreign company, both with trademark rights in their respective countries, move online?This problem was summarized by one court several years ago: "The challenge for the courts is to recognize that the Internet has erased [the geographic] boundaries while still respecting both trademark rights and the limits of those rights."3Courts and commentators alike have struggled with this challenge.Seduced by the novelty of the Internet and infatuated with cutting-edge "Internet law," long standing principles of trademark law have been shunned.One commentator, reacting to the Internet, recently proclaimed that "[d]ogmatic territoriality, when applied to intellectual property, ignores basic reality."4He concluded that "the territorial model of trademark law in such a world is an anachronism."5Given this conventional wisdom, it is no wonder that courts have struggled defining trademark rights within context of the Internet.
Videoconferencing in Mental Health Care : Professional Dilemmas in a Changing Health Care Practice (2015)

Dit artikel beschrijft de resultaten van een vooronderzoek dat in het kader van het project Beeldcommunicatie in de GGZ heeft plaatsgevonden. In vier focusgroepen met GGZ-zorgverleners is verkend tegen welke vragen en dilemma’s zij aanlopen bij het toepassen van beeldcommunicatie in de zorg die zij verlenen aan hun cliënten. Drie kernvragen zijn geïdentificeerd: 1. Hoe kunnen GGZ-zorgverleners beeldcommunicatie integreren in hun zorgprogramma’s en behandelplannen, en daarbij de kwaliteit van de zorg handhaven? 2. Wat moeten ze meewegen wanneer ze de afweging maken om beeldbellen op een concreet moment of in een concrete situatie in te zetten? 3. Hoe kunnen ze hun minder ervaren collega’s overtuigen dat beeldbellen niet een verschraling is maar dat het een eigen meerwaarde kan hebben voor de zorg?
Self-healing Multi-Cloud Application Modelling (2017)

Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.
Binding of protein S to C4b-binding protein. Mutagenesis of protein S. (1992)

Protein S and C4b-binding protein (C4BP) form a tight complex (Kd approximately 0.6 nM) the physiologic purpose of which is unknown. The participation of protein S in this complex was investigated using site-specific mutagenesis. Normal recombinant human protein S (rHPS) and five specifically mutated protein S analogs were expressed in transformed human kidney 293 cells and the following properties were characterized: solution-phase C4BP binding, ability to be cleaved by thrombin, ability to act as a cofactor in the activated protein C-catalyzed inactivation of factor Va, and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid content. In some cases, beta-hydroxyaspartic acid plus beta-hydroxyasparagine content was also determined. Binding studies indicated that while clearly important for a high affinity interaction, the amino acid sequence Gly605-Ile614 identified by Walker (Walker, F J. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 17645-17648) does not account for all the binding energy of the HPS-C4BP interaction. All mutants perturbed in this region or lacking it altogether displayed reduced C4BP binding, and some retained anticoagulant cofactor function. Neither human factor X nor human steroid-binding protein had any measurable ability to compete with plasma HPS for C4BP binding. Furthermore, bovine protein S and a rHPS analog with bovine sequence from Gly597-Trp629 bound to human C4BP with the same affinity as did HPS, and both proteins substituted effectively for HPS as a cofactor for activated protein C in an otherwise human anticoagulation system. Together these results suggest that optimal binding of protein S to C4BP requires the putative alpha-helix Gly605-Ile614, as well as other undetermined regions of protein S, and that the regions of HPS responsible for C4BP binding and activated protein C cofactor function are structurally isolated.
New Developments in Mistake of Identity (1961)

It was only six years ago that C. J. Slade wrote his memorable article “The Myth of Mistake in the English Law of Contract” in which he placed the whole subject of mistake in a new and agreeable perspective. “Mistake as such,” he declared, “has no operative effect whatever at law.” This was good news for the student; but problems of error in persona still had to be solved, and for these Mr. Slade proposed a simple application of the basic principles of offer and acceptance. The test was whether A's offer was addressed to B and B's acceptance addressed to A, their intention being construed objectively unless that of the one was known to the other, in which case the actual intention of the former determined the matter. The authorities, for the most part, ranged themselves in substantial support, and rationality, it seemed, had been injected at last into this confused branch of the law. This reassurance has now been disturbed by the case of Ingram v. Little , which reminds us that the offer and acceptance test is no magic formula acting as a ready panacea for all the ills caused by error in persona . The facts which gave rise to Ingram v. Little are by now well known. Three ladies who wished to sell their car were offered an acceptable price by a stranger, but they made it plain they would not accept payment by cheque. He then pretended to them that he was a certain P. G. M. Hutchinson and quoted an address which the ladies found to be the one shown beside that person's name in the telephone directory.
Navigation-aware adaptive streaming strategies for omnidirectional video (2017)

Virtual reality (VR) applications target high-quality and zero-latency scene navigation to provide users with a full-immersion sensation within a scene. From a network perspective, this requires transmission of the omnidirectional content in its entirety, at a high resolution, which is not always feasible in bandwidth-limited networks. In this work, we propose an optimal transmission strategy for virtual reality applications able to fulfill the bandwidth requirements, while optimizing the end-user quality experienced in the navigation. In further detail, we consider a tile-based coded content for adaptive streaming systems, and we propose a navigation-aware transmission strategy at the clientside (i.e., adaptation logic), which is able to optimize the rate at which each tile is downloaded. First, we introduce the viewport- quality as metric that reflects the quality of any portion of the sphere displayed by the end-user. Then, we cast the tile-rate optimization as an integer linear programming problem and show that the proposed solution achieves substantial quality gains when compared to state-of-the-art adaptation logic methods.
Scanning probe block copolymer lithography (2010)

Integration of individual nanoparticles into desired spatial arrangements over large areas is a prerequisite for exploiting their unique electrical, optical, and chemical properties. However, positioning single sub-10-nm nanoparticles in a specific location individually on a substrate remains challenging. Herein we have developed a unique approach, termed scanning probe block copolymer lithography, which enables one to control the growth and position of individual nanoparticles in situ. This technique relies on either dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) or polymer pen lithography (PPL) to transfer phase-separating block copolymer inks in the form of 100 or more nanometer features on an underlying substrate. Reduction of the metal ions via plasma results in the high-yield formation of single crystal nanoparticles per block copolymer feature. Because the size of each feature controls the number of metal atoms within it, the DPN or PPL step can be used to control precisely the size of each nanocrystal down to 4.8 ± 0.2 nm.
Automatic on‐line fermentation headspace gas analysis using a computer‐controlled gas chromatograph (1983)

A computer-controlled headspace gas chromatograph was used to monitor the progress of ethanol production from both aerobic batch and anaerobic continuous fermentations. Using an automatic, electropneumatic sampling system, aliquots of fermentation headspace gas were injected directly onto the column for quantitative ethanol determinations every six minutes. A sample volume of 1 mL permitted liquid ethanol concentrations from 2 to 100 g/L to be measured with better than 3% standard deviation on five repeated injections. Provided fermenter liquid temperature and ionic strength were maintained constant, the signal-tohyphen;concentration ratio remained linear to 80 g/L ethanol. This quantitative gas chromatographic (GC) method is suitable for accurate, precise analysis of multiple solvent fermentations, and is limited only by the elution rate and separating capacity of the GC column.
Carbon Nanotube-Filled Nanofibrous Membranes Electrospun from Poly(acrylonitrile-<i>co</i>-acrylic acid) for Glucose Biosensor (2009)

Due to its unique electrical properties, carbon nanotubes offer the exciting possibility for developing ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors. In this work, nanofibrous membranes filled with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were electrospun from the mixture of poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (PANCAA) and MWCNT. These nanofibrous membranes were directly deposited on Pt electrodes for the fabrication of glucose biosensors. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was covalently immobilized on the membranes through the activation of carboxyl groups on the PANCAA nanofiber surface. The fluorescence spectra and circular dichroism were recorded from the mixtures of MWCNT and soluble GOx. Results show that MWCNT will disturb the secondary structure of soluble GOx but can get close to its active site. The morphologies of the nanofibrous membranes were visualized by scanning electron microscopy, illustrating that the membranes are composed of beads and nanofibers. The electrochemical properties of enzyme electrodes were characterized by chronoamperometric measurments. It is found that as MWCNT concentration increases, the current enhances correspondingly with a maximum of 50%, while the MWCNT filling delays the electrode response. Kinetic studies of the electrodes show that the secondary structure of the immobilized GOx is disturbed, while the embedded MWCNT enhances the maximum current of GOx electrode. Moreover, the enzyme electrodes can be used up to 6 times with a small decrease in current.
Sensor fusion of structure-from-motion, bathymetric 3D, and beacon-based navigation modalities (2003)

Describes an approach for the fusion of 3D data underwater obtained from multiple sensing modalities. In particular, we examine the combination of image-based structure-from-motion (SFM) data with bathymetric data obtained using pencil-beam underwater sonar, in order to recover the shape of the seabed terrain. We also combine image-based egomotion estimation with acoustic-based and inertial navigation data on board the underwater vehicle. When fusion is performed at the data level, each modality is used to extract 3D information independently. The 3D representations are then aligned and compared. In this case, we use the bathymetric data as ground truth to measure the accuracy and drift of the SFM approach. Similarly we use the navigation data as ground truth against which we measure the accuracy of the image-based ego-motion estimation. We examine how low-resolution bathymetric data can be used to seed the higher-resolution SFM algorithm, improving convergence rates, and reducing drift error. Similarly, acoustic-based and inertial navigation data improves the convergence and drift properties of egomotion estimation.
Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cortico-Muscular Coherence and Standing Postural Steadiness (2012)

Non-invasive brain stimulation is a promising tool for inducing cortico-spinal excitability and facilitating motor function. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS) on cortico-spinal excitability of leg area, cortico-muscular coherence of tibialis anterior muscle, and standing postural steadiness there from. In single-blind, sham-controlled, crossover study, five healthy subjects were evaluated under two conditions - with 10min anodal tDCS and with 10min sham tDCS. Anodal tDCS induced statistically significant (P=0.001, N=20) cortico-spinal excitability, 45min and 60min after the end of tDCS as revealed by single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of resting tibialis anterior muscle. Furthermore, anodal tDCS induced statistically significant (P=0.001, N=20) cortico-muscular coherence in tibialis anterior muscle during quiet standing with eyes closed, 45min and 60min after the end of tDCS. The % change in the stabilogram metrics after anodal tDCS during quiet standing with eyes closed showed that anodal tDCS strongly (P=0.0000) affected the change in centroid of CoP data-points in medio-lateral direction (%CoP(ML)) at 45min and 60min after tDCS session. Anodal tDCS had moderate effect (P=0.0113) on the change (decrease) in the path length of CoP trajectory (%CoP(PL)) at 60min after tDCS. Also, anodal tDCS had a strong (P=0.0000) effect on the change (decrease) in sway area (%CoP(EA)) at 45min and 60min after tDCS session. Language: en
VACUUM TUBE RESEARCH PROJECT (1954)

Abstract : The first plasma amplifier was successfully operated and interaction between the plasma electrons and the electron beam was detected. A 5 db variation in gain with arc current results and the arc current required for maximum gain varies approximately as the square of the operating frequency. Reflection of electromagnetic waves from a cylindrical column of plasma placed in a rectangular waveguide indicates two maxima in the reflection coefficient instead of a single maxima as predicted by the elementary theory. This effect has sometimes been noticed by other workers but it has no accepted explanation. The change in the resonant frequency of the plasma column due to a radial variation in electron density has been computed and it is found that if the density varies by less than a factor of 2 the resonant frequency is determined by the average electron density. The normalized surface admittance just above a thin strip beam in Brillouin flow was found for two cases. Several of the design relations for thin beam M-type backward-wave oscillators were obtained. Propagation of space charge waves in an accelerated electron beam of finite diameter is being investigated. (Author)
The construction of two-stage tests (1988)

Although two-stage testing is not the most efficient form of adaptive testing, it has some advantages. In this paper, linear programming models are given for the construction of two-stage tests. In these models, practical constraints with respect to, among other things, test composition, administration time, and inter-item dependencies play an important role. Research indicates that two-stage tests can be constructed both sequentially and simultaneously. Models based on the maximin model for test construction developed by W. J. van der Linden and E. Boekkooi-Timminga (1989) are formulated for the sequential case, with constraints specified at test and subtest levels. It is assumed that a bank of items calibrated under the item response model is available and that "information" is used in accordance with G. H. Fischer's information model. The maximin design is used in order to select the items that maximize the information in the test, while the resulting test information function still has the desired shape. The paper concludes that simultaneous test construction has the disadvantage of having a large number of variables; hence, constraints must be considered.
Objective techniques for the assessment of postmenopausal hot flashes. (1981)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate objective methods of monitoring postmenopausal hot flashes. Continuous recordings of finger and core temperature and sternal skin conductance were carried out in 8 postmenopausal and 4 premenopausal women. Four postmenopausal patients were studied a second time following 30 days of daily oral administration of ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg. One hundred twenty flashes were subjectively noted and recorded during 104 hours of study in the postmenopausal women. Eighty-two, 98, and 81% of subjective flashes were associated with changes in finger temperature, skin conductance, and core temperature, respectively. The rate of occurrence and magnitude of changes of physiologic markers were significantly greater (P less than .01) in postmenopausal than premenopausal women. Estrogen replacement therapy not only eliminated the subjective sensations but also significantly reduced (P less than .02) the frequency and magnitude of the changes in physiologic function measured by finger temperature. Measurement of skin conductance changes was the single most sensitive and specific indicator of hot flashes. The simultaneous change of both skin conductance and finger temperature, although less sensitive, was a very specific indicator of a hot flash. These results support the concept that the measurement of physiologic changes can be used to assess objectively the occurrence of this symptom complex.
Composition and ultrastructure of the byssus of <i>Mytilus edulis</i> (1986)

Three regions of the byssus of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis L. are distinct in structural organization at the macroscopic and microscopic level and in amino acid composition. The threads that emanate from the stem at the base of the foot are divided into two regions. The proximal, elastic region has a crimped, densely staining cortex enclosing an interior matrix of spiral fibers, and its amino acid composition reflects protein heterogeneity. The more distal, rigid region has a straight, tubular cortex surrounding an inner matrix of linearly arranged bundles of fibrils and has a composition approximating pure collagen. The plaque, or disc-shaped portion, which mediates attachment to various substrates, is distinguished by a surface matrix of collagen-like fibers similar to those of the thread region and anchored on an inner spongy matrix. Compositional evidence exists for a collagenous component, a catechol-rich protein, and at least one other accessory protein in the plaque.
Hazards of delivery room resuscitation using oral methods of endotracheal suctioning (1986)

Between 1978 and 1982 at least eight physicians at our institution were exposed to infectious secretions while performing mouth-to-tube resuscitation. A questionnaire revealed that 74% of responding pediatric physicians accidentally ingested secretions in 1982. The risk of cross-contamination between newborn patients and resuscitating physicians with the oral methods of oropharyngeal and endotracheal suctioning is considerable.
Bladder permeability barrier: recovery from selective injury of surface epithelial cells (2002)

The mammalian bladder maintains high electrochemical gradients between urine and blood, permitting the kidney to modify body chemistries through urinary excretion. To perform this function, the urothelium maintains a tight permeability barrier. When this barrier is damaged, leakage of urine components into the underlying bladder layers results, with symptoms of cystitis. In these studies, we develop a model of selective urothelial injury using protamine sulfate (PS) and define the process by which this epithelium recovers from damage. Exposure to PS (10 mg/ml), but not vehicle, caused a rapid fall in transepithelial resistance as well as striking increases in water and urea permeabilities. These changes were accompanied by necrosis and sloughing of sheets of umbrella cells, as seen by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Over the 72 h after PS exposure, barrier function recovered, with transepithelial resistance and water and urea permeabilities returning to normal values. After loss of umbrella cells, the underlying intermediate cells underwent rapid maturation, as evidenced by increased expression of uroplakins and gradual formation of well-defined tight junctions. At day 5 after PS exposure, barrier function was restored and the surface cells exhibited normal-appearing tight junctions and normal labeling for uroplakins and zonula occludens 1. However, the cells remained smaller than umbrella cells until day 10 after exposure, when normal size was restored. These studies develop for the first time a controlled model of selective urothelial damage and demonstrate a characteristic process by which barrier function is restored and underlying intermediate cells develop into mature umbrella cells. This model will be useful in defining the mechanisms that regulate repair of urothelial damage.