gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Administração oral de piperina em frangos de corte (2008)

O efeito tóxico da piperina, principal amida presente em diversas espécies de pimenta, foi avaliada em frangos de corte por meio da administração oral (0,00, 1,12, 2,25 e 4,5mg kg-1 peso vivo) por 14 dias consecutivos. Foram empregados 60 pintos machos (Cobb Avian 48) com sete dias de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais (n=15). Foram avaliados parâmetros como: ganho de peso, peso relativo do fígado e alterações hematológicas e anatomopatológicas. A administração oral de piperina não interferiu no ganho de peso ou no peso relativo do fígado, além de não promover alteração no tamanho e na coloração dos órgãos ou no aparecimento de lesões de parênquima e nas mucosas do órgão. Todavia, alterações histopatológicas dose-dependentes foram observadas. A piperina não foi capaz de alterar significativamente os parâmetros hematológicos analisados, com exceção do leucograma, em que as doses de 1,12mg e 2,25mg kg-1 promoveram aumento do número de heterófilos e do número total de leucócitos, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que a dose oral de 1,12mg de piperina por quilo não é tóxica para frangos de corte, sendo semelhante aos resultados obtidos para ratos e camundongos. Além disso, constatou-se a capacidade da piperina em aumentar o número total de leucócitos circulantes a partir da dose de 2,25mg kg-1 nessa espécie animal.
Designing menu selection systems (1986)

Menu selection systems reduce training and memorization, simplify entry of choices, and structure the user's tasks. However, the use of menu selection is no guarantee that novices or experts will be satisfied or able to carry out their work. This article focuses on the multiple design issues in creating successful menu selection systems. These include the primary issue of semantic organization and the host of secondary issues such as response time and display rates, shortcuts for frequent users, titles, phrasing of menu items, graphic layout, and selection mechanisms. Novel approaches such as pop-up menus and embedded menus are covered. Experimental results and design guidelines are presented. © 1986 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, and its active metabolite EXP3174 in humans (1995)

The pharmacokinetics of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan potassium and its active carboxylic acid metabolite EXP3174 were characterized in 18 healthy male subjects after administration of intravenous losartan, intravenous EXP3174, and oral losartan. In these subjects, the average plasma clearance of losartan was 610 ml/min, and the volume of distribution was 34 L. Renal clearance (70 ml/min) accounted for 12% of plasma clearance. Terminal half-life was 2.1 hours. In contrast, the average plasma clearance of EXP3174 was 47 ml/min, and its volume of distribution was 10 L. Renal clearance was 26 ml/min, which accounted for 55% of plasma clearance; terminal half-life was 6.3 hours. After oral administration of losartan, peak concentrations of losartan were reached in 1 hour. Peak concentrations of EXP3174 were reached in 3 1/2 hours. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve of EXP3174 was about four times that of losartan. The oral bioavailability of losartan tablets was 33%. The low bioavailability was mainly attributable to first-pass metabolism. After intravenous or oral administration of losartan the conversion of losartan to the metabolite EXP3174 was 14%.
Actuacions davant les situacion de maltractament infantil familiar (1999)

During the shade-avoidance response, leaf blade expansion is inhibited and petiole elongation is enhanced. In this study, we examined the roles of photoreceptors and sugar on the differential growth of the leaf blade and petiole in shade conditions. Under the conditions examined, cell expansion, not cell division, played a major role in the differential leaf growth. The enhanced cell expansion in the leaf blade is associated with an increase in the ploidy level, whereas cell elongation was stimulated in the petiole in dark conditions without an increase in the ploidy level. Analysis of phytochrome, cryptochrome and phototropin mutants revealed that phytochromes and cryptochromes specifically regulate the contrasting growth patterns of the leaf blade and petiole in shade. Examination of the effects of photo-assimilated sucrose on the growth of the leaf blade and petiole revealed growth-promotional effects of sucrose that are highly dependent on the light conditions. The leaf blades of abscisic acid-deficient and sugar-insensitive mutants did not expand in blue light, but expanded normally in red light. These results suggest that both the regulation of light signals and the modulation of responses to sugar are important in the control of the differential photomorphogenesis of the leaf blade and petiole.
Using UML state diagrams for visual modeling of business rules (2008)

Recently, in response to growing market demand, several different techniques of business rules representation have been created. Some of them try to present business rules in a visual manner. However, due to the complexity of the problem, the graphic representations that are proposed seem to be far from perfection. In this paper we would like to describe how UML state diagrams might be used for business rules formulation and visual modeling. The strength of this approach relies on reusing classical notions provided by UML 2.0, e.g. an action, guard, etc., in a way which is close to theirs original meaning.
The mechanism of the search for homology promoted by recA protein. Facilitated diffusion within nucleoprotein networks. (1986)

recA protein promotes the homologous pairing of single strands with duplex DNA by polymerizing on the single strands to make presynaptic nucleoprotein filaments which are polyvalent with respect to duplex DNA and which consequently form large networks or coaggregates when duplex DNA is added. Previous work has shown that efficient homologous pairing occurs within these networks. In the experiments described here, we observed that the length of the duplex DNA determined the stability of coaggregates, their steady state level, and the yield of joint molecules. Correspondingly, heterologous duplex DNA when preincubated with presynaptic filaments excluded subsequently added homologous duplex DNA from coaggregates and inhibited homologous pairing; the extents of exclusion and inhibition were determined by the length of the heterologous duplex DNA. On the other hand, long heterologous duplex DNA when added together with short homologous duplex DNA was capable of stimulating the absorption of the homologous molecules into coaggregates and increasing the rate of homologous pairing. In reactions involving short duplex molecules, polyamines exerted comparable effects on coaggregation and homologous pairing. We conclude that coaggregates are instrumental in homologous pairing, that they constitute distinct domains that are responsible for the processive or first order character of the pairing reaction, and that they act by concentrating DNA and facilitating diffusion.
The beta-core fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin: biochemical background and clinical application. (1997)

In this review an overview is given of the possible applications and usefulness of the beta-core fragment of hCG (beta cf-hCG) as an urinary tumor marker. Expression of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is an important indicator of malignant transformation. The biochemical background of this glycoprotein hormone and the degradation pathway towards beta cf-hCG is described. There are two main pathways: peripheral degradation in the serum and the renal parenchymal degradation. HCG and its subunits show immunoreactivity and cross-reactivity with other glycoprotein hormones and their subunits. The different "in house" methods to determine beta cf-hCG developed and used by various research institutes are described. In various types of cancer, concentrations of hCG as well as its beta-subunit may be elevated, allowing the clinical use of these substances as a tumor marker. The relation between laboratory outcome and clinical status is assessed, with emphasis on the beta cf-hCG in gynecological malignancies. The limitations of the use of beta cf-hCG as a tumor marker are discussed. The stability of beta cf-hCG may allow distant follow-up in samples sent to the laboratory by mail.
Synthesis of Silicate Zeolite Analogues Using Organic Sulfonium Compounds as Structure‐Directing Agents (2015)

A microporous crystalline silica zeolite of the MEL structure type and three other zeolite analogues composed of germanosilicate frameworks were synthesized using tributylsulfonium, triphenylsulfonium, or tri(para-tolyl)sulfonium as the structure-directing agent. The germanosilicates thus obtained had ISV, ITT, or a new zeolite structure depending on the synthesis conditions. The structure of the new germanosilicate was solved using X-ray powder diffraction data with the aid of a charge-flipping method. The solution indicated a crystal structure belonging to the P63/mmc space group with cell parameters of a=16.2003 Å and c=21.8579 Å. After calcination, the new germanosilicate material exhibited two types of accessible micropores with diameters of 0.61 and 0.78 nm.
Logic Elements and Circuits (1977)

Electronic logic circuits are used extensively in calculators, computers, telephone exchanges and all applications where two-state systems are involved. A two-state system has only two levels at any one point, these are referred to as 'on' or 'off', 'yes' or 'no', 'up' or 'down', and so on. Logic elements are the small electronic subsystems that perform the logic decisions of NOT, AND, OR, and so on, which are incorporated inside any piece of digital electronic equipment. This chapter introduces the two-state system and then uses it to describe simple logic gates and their circuits.
A contour-preserving image interpolation method (2004)

We introduce a novel image interpolation method, which focuses on providing artifact-free contours. In our method, the image contours are divided into edges and ridges, and we estimate the orientation of them differently and apply directional interpolations on them. Our method gives visually pleasing and natural-looking images. Experiment results are shown and compared with other interpolations methods.
Identification of Tea Storage Times by Linear Discrimination Analysis and Back-Propagation Neural Network Techniques Based on the Eigenvalues of Principal Components Analysis of E-Nose Sensor Signals (2009)

An electronic nose (E-nose) was employed to detect the aroma of green tea after different storage times. Longjing green tea dry leaves, beverages and residues were detected with an E-nose, respectively. In order to decrease the data dimensionality and optimize the feature vector, the E-nose sensor response data were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA) and the five main principal components values were extracted as the input for the discrimination analysis. The storage time (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 days) was better discriminated by linear discrimination analysis (LDA) and was predicted by the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) method. The results showed that the discrimination and testing results based on the tea leaves were better than those based on tea beverages and tea residues. The mean errors of the tea leaf data were 9, 2.73, 3.93, 6.33 and 6.8 days, respectively.
Time-Frequency Masking: Linking Blind Source Separation and Robust Speech Recognition (2008)

The experimental results reported here suggest that DUET might be used as an effective front-end for missing data speech recognition. Its simplicity, robustness and easy integration into existing ASR architecture are the main compelling arguments for the proposed model. It also fundamentally differs from other multi-channel approaches in the way it makes use of spatial information. Instead of filtering the corrupted signal to retrieve the sources (McCowan et al., 2000; Low et al., 2004, Seltzer et al., 2004a) the time-frequency plane is partitioned into disjoint regions each assigned to a particular source. A key aspect of the model is the histogram peak detection. Here, we assumed prior knowledge about the number of speakers which should equal the number of peaks in the histogram. However, for a high number of simultaneous speakers the sparseness assumption becomes increasingly unrealistic and as a consequence sometimes histogram peaks are not pronounced enough in the data set. Forcing the peak detection algorithm to find an inadequate number of peaks will produce false localization results. Ultimately, the algorithm should be able to automatically detect the number of sources visible in the data which is usually denoted as unsupervised clustering. This would indeed make the source separation more autonomous and truly blind. However, unsupervised clustering is a considerably more difficult problem and is still an active field of research (Grira et al., 2004). Other attempts to directly cluster the attenuation and delay distributions using a statistical framework have been reported elsewhere (Araki et al., 2007; Mandel et al., 2006) and would lead to probabilistic mask interpretations. that was kept very small to avoid phase A point of concern is the microphone distance ambiguities (Yilmaz & Rickard, 2004). Clearly, this limits the influence of the attenuation parameter (see Fig. 2a). Rickard (2007) has offered two extensions to overcome the small sensor spacing by using phase differentials or tiled histograms. Another option to consider
Suppression of a dominant G protein β‐subunit mutation in yeast by Gα protein expression (1993)

SCG1/GPA1, STE4 and STE18 encode the alpha, beta and gamma components of the G protein involved in mating pheromone signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Responses, including G1 arrest and expression of genes such as FUS1, are activated by beta gamma, which is negatively controlled by alpha(GDP). We previously demonstrated that overexpression of Scg1 suppresses responses to alpha factor and that expression of certain hybrids between Scg1 and mammalian G alpha proteins has the same effect and also suppresses growth arrest in an scg1-null mutant. Effects were attributed to sequestration of beta gamma. We now show that effects on growth rate, morphology and FUS1 expression are consistent with this model. The STE4HPL allele causes dominant activation of the response pathway, and is presumed to encode a beta subunit insensitive to control by alpha(GDP). Scg1 overexpression suppresses the growth arrest due to STE4HPL; normal alpha-factor responses and fertility are restored. A model based on sequestration of beta gamma reconciles this result with the apparent paradox that the same level of Scg1 overexpression inhibits responses and mating in wild-type cells. A G alpha i hybrid also restores growth and allows inefficient mating in the STE4HPL strain.
An Improved Synthetic Approach to Head-to-Tail Cyclic Tetrapeptides (2013)

We extend to you a warm and sunny Aloha in celebration of the 23 rd American Peptide Symposium and the 6 th International Symposium. The meeting theme, Peptides Across the Pacific, embraced the spirit of the scientific and social program. Peptides Across the Pacific encompassed the important role that peptide science currently plays in so many disciplines and explored the potential impact peptides can make in scientific fields that have yet to realize the utility of these wonderful molecules.
Flux reversal in a two-state symmetric optical thermal ratchet (2005)

A Brownian particle's random motions can be rectified by a periodic potential-energy landscape that alternates between two states, even if both states are spatially symmetric. If the two states differ only by a discrete translation, the direction of the ratchet-driven current can be reversed by changing their relative durations. We experimentally demonstrate flux reversal in a symmetric two-state ratchet by tracking the motions of colloidal spheres moving through large arrays of discrete potential-energy wells created with dynamic holographic optical tweezers. The model's simplicity and high degree of symmetry suggest possible applications in molecular-scale motors.
Miniaturized LiTaO<inf>3</inf>Strip Resonator (1983)

Abstract : The piezoactive shear wave in LiTaO3 X-cut plate has a velocity of 4330 m/s for the fast mode and attractively high electro-mechanical coupling (47%). But the temperature characteristics of the X-cut plate resonator shows a 500 ppm change in the resonant frequency between - 10 deg. C and 60 deg. C. We developed a miniaturized strip plate type LiTaO3 resonator with stable temperature characteristics. In this paper, the displacement orientation of the thickness shear mode was studied in order to decide the crystal orientation of the longitudinal direction of the strip. Measurement of the Q factor with different rotation angles showed that displacement orientation of the fast mode was -48 deg. from the +Y axis. The width of the strip plate was chosen to separate the main mode from spurious modes. The experiment study shows that the optimum ratio of width to thickness is 1.5 to 2.0 or 2.8 to 3.0.
Analysis of periodically segmented waveguide mode expanders (1995)

Periodically segmented waveguide (PSW) mode expanders can be realized simply, using a single step lithography. In this paper such devices are studied numerically, with respect to high-/spl Delta/ silica waveguides and InP strip waveguides. The efficiency of such expanders is shown to be high, for proper length and segmentation period, and back reflection is negligible. It is shown that lithographical grids of 0.125-0.25 /spl mu/m resolution are sufficient to obtain efficient out-coupling. Basic design rules are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hybrid system for airspeed measurement using dual MEMS sensors (2011)

A micro hybrid measurement system for detecting a wide range of airspeeds using two different micro sensors is presented. The principle of the system takes features of using micro hot-film sensor to capture low airspeed and using micro differential pressure sensor to detect high airspeed. The two sensor signals are acquired and transferred to digital signals using a microprocessor. Data fusion technique is utilized to realize full range of airspeed measurement. The system output is further exported as digital quantity and displayed on LCD. Miniaturization of the system is achieved through high integration on structure design and circuits. The experimental tests conducted in a wind tunnel demonstrate that the measuring accuracy of this system is around 0.2m/s in the range of 0m/s-35m/s.
Specific HLA-DR4-associated histocompatibility molecules characterize patients with seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. (1984)

The structural and functional heterogeneity of HLA-DR4-associated specificities was investigated in patients with seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, a DR4-associated disease. Using a combination of HLA-D analysis by mixed lymphocyte culture and electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitated Ia molecules by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels, we observed a surprisingly homogeneous pattern of HLA-D antigen expression. All patients expressed common structural products of the DR and DS loci, and 7/12 homozygous DR4 patients expressed a rare and subtle HLA-D heterozygous phenotype.
Purification and Characterization of a White Laccase with Pronounced Dye Decolorizing Ability and HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory Activity from Lepista nuda (2016)

A strain LN07 with high laccase yield was identified as basidiomycete fungus Lepista nuda from which a white laccase without type I copper was purified and characterized. The laccase was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 56 kDa. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence was AIGPAADLHIVNKDISPDGF. Besides, eight inner peptide sequences were determined and lac4, lac5 and lac6 sequences were in the Cu(2+) combination and conservation zones of laccases. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was inhibited by the laccase with a half-inhibitory concentration of 0.65 μM. Cu(2+) ions (1.5 mM) enhanced the laccase production and the optimal pH and temperature of the laccase were pH 3.0 and 50 °C, respectively. The Km and Vmax of the laccase using ABTS as substrate were respectively 0.19 mM and 195 μM. Several dyes including laboratory dyes and textile dyes used in this study, such as Methyl red, Coomassie brilliant blue, Reactive brilliant blue and so on, were decolorized in different degrees by the purified laccase. By LC-MS analysis, Methyl red was structurally degraded by the laccase. Moreover, the laccase affected the absorbance at the maximum wavelength of many pesticides. Thus, the white laccase had potential commercial value for textile finishing and wastewater treatment.
Channel engineering of 4H-SiC MOSFETs using sulphur as a deep level donor (2018)

We demonstrate Si-face 4H-SiC MOSFET using sulphur (S) as a deep level donor in channel region, for the first time. Contrary to general recognition that deep level donors are not suitable for device fabrication, S is found to be a promising deep level donor for the channel region of 4H-SiC MOSFETs. Compared with channels doped by shallow level donors, S-doped channel is found to provide lower channel resistance (R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</inf> ) and higher threshold voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> ). On the basis of simulations and experiments, this improvement is found to be ascribed to two inherit natures of S in 4H-SiC. One is the large ionization energy (E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ion</inf> ), resulting in the increase of V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> . Another is that S act as a donor, improving inversion layer mobility in channel region. By applying this novel channel engineering to vertical 4H-SiC MOSFETs, 31% reduction of specific on resistance (Ron) at high V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> of 4.0 V was achieved.
<title>Terahertz technology in global homeland security (Invited Paper)</title> (2005)

The terahertz (1 THz = 10<sup>12</sup> Hz, 3 mm or 33 cm<sup>-1</sup>) region of the electromagnetic spectrum is typically defined in the frequency range 100 GHz to 10 THz, corresponding to a wavelength range of 3 mm to 30 microns. Following the development of coherent sources and detectors in the early eighties, there has been growing interest in the role of terahertz technology in global homeland security. The terahertz region offers a huge expanse of unused bandwidth. The ability of terahertz radiation to probe intermolecular interactions, large amplitude vibrations and rotational modes, in addition to showing polarization sensitivity makes terahertz radiation a unique and diverse region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Terahertz radiation is also able to 'see through' common materials, such as clothing, thick smoke and dust, which are often considered as opaque in other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This paper reviews the role of terahertz technology in homeland security and associated limitations of this field.