gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digenic Retinitis Pigmentosa Due to Mutations at the Unlinked Peripherin/ <i>RDS</i> and <i>ROM1</i> Loci (1994)

In spite of recent advances in identifying genes causing monogenic human disease, very little is known about the genes involved in polygenic disease. Three families were identified with mutations in the unlinked photoreceptor-specific genes ROM1 and peripherin/RDS, in which only double heterozygotes develop retinitis pigmentosa (RP). These findings indicate that the allelic and nonallelic heterogeneity known to be a feature of monogenic RP is complicated further by interactions between unlinked mutations causing digenic RP. Recognition of the inheritance pattern exemplified by these three families might facilitate the identification of other examples of digenic inheritance in human disease.
Lens–mirror combinations with maximal concentration (1977)

By the addition of suitable reflectors the concentration of a lens can be increased to the thermodynamic limit, which is equivalent to an f-number of one half. Such lens-mirror combinations are useful whenever concentration rather than image formation is important, for example, in radiation detectors and solar energy collectors. The design of lens-mirror combinations with maximal concentration is described. To the approximation that the lens has sharp focal points at off-axis incidence, the solution for the reflector is readily found to be compound hyperbolic. With proper choice of the f-number of the lens the hyperbolic reflector reduces to a V-trough or cone, an arrangement which offers considerable advantages for fabrication. The 2-D case (line focus lens) suffers from aberrations due to focal length variation with nonplanar incidence. The optical performance of 2-D lens-mirror combinations at nonplanar incidence is analyzed and evaluated for its suitability in solar energy applications. A prototype Fresn l lens plus V-trough has been built, and test data are presented.
BLOCKING PROSTAGLANDIN E2 AFTER TRAUMA ATTENUATES PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND IMPROVES SURVIVAL (2000)

Major injury leads to impaired immune responses and increases the risk of infectious complications. Following trauma, increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels may be important in immunodysregulation. We hypothesized that blocking PGE2 with NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, during the first 24 h after injury may modify the immune response and protect the host from a subsequent septic challenge. BALB/c mice were given NS-398 (10 mg/kg) immediately after injury, at 12, and at 24 h after sham injury or trauma (femur fracture and 40% hemorrhage). On day 7 after injury, splenic macrophages were evaluated for cytokine production and COX-2 mRNA. In a separate study mice were injured, then given 3 doses of NS-398. After 7 days, cecal ligation and puncture was performed and mice were followed for survival. Traumatized mice given NS-398 had a significant survival advantage compared with trauma mice alone (P < 0.001). Macrophages from traumatized mice showed increased COX-2 mRNA and proinflammatory cytokines compared with controls (P < 0.05), whereas treatment of injured mice with NS-398 significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine production (P < 0.05) and COX-2 mRNA. Therefore NS-398 given within 24 h of injury suppressed PGE2 through inhibition of cyclooxygenase, in addition to decreasing proinflammatory cytokines, and providing a survival advantage to the host.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Promotes Osteoblast Apoptosis through a Smad-independent, Protein Kinase C-dependent Signaling Pathway (2001)

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family, regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Here we show a novel function of BMP-2 in human osteoblasts and identify a signaling pathway involved in this function. BMP-2 promotes apoptosis in primary human calvaria osteoblasts and in immortalized human neonatal calvaria osteoblasts, as shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling analysis. In contrast, TGF-beta 2 inhibits apoptosis in human osteoblasts. Studies of the mechanisms of action showed that BMP-2 increases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, whereas TG beta-2 has a negative effect. Moreover, BMP-2 increases the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to the cytosol. Consistent with these results, BMP-2 increases caspase-9 and caspase-3, -6, and -7 activity, and an anti-caspase-9 agent suppresses BMP-2-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of dominant-negative Smad1 effectively blocks BMP-2-induced expression of the osteoblast transcription factor Runx2 but not the activation of caspases or apoptosis induced by BMP-2, indicating that the Smad1 signaling pathway is not involved in the BMP-2-induced apoptosis. The proapoptotic effect of BMP-2 is PKC-dependent, because BMP-2 increases PKC activity, and the selective PKC inhibitor calphostin C blocks the BMP-2-induced increased Bax/Bcl-2, caspase activity, and apoptosis. In contrast, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitor H89, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, and the MEK inhibitor PD-98059 have no effect. The results show that BMP-2 uses a Smad-independent, PKC-dependent pathway to promote apoptosis via a Bax/Bcl-2 and cytochrome c-caspase-9-caspase-3, -6, -7 cascade in human osteoblasts.
Use of Hybridization Chain Reaction-Fluorescent <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization To Track Gene Expression by Both Partners during Initiation of Symbiosis (2015)

The establishment of a productive symbiosis between Euprymna scolopes, the Hawaiian bobtail squid, and its luminous bacterial symbiont, Vibrio fischeri, is mediated by transcriptional changes in both partners. A key challenge to unraveling the steps required to successfully initiate this and many other symbiotic associations is characterization of the timing and location of these changes. We report on the adaptation of hybridization chain reaction-fluorescent in situ hybridization (HCR-FISH) to simultaneously probe the spatiotemporal regulation of targeted genes in both E. scolopes and V. fischeri. This method revealed localized, transcriptionally coregulated epithelial cells within the light organ that responded directly to the presence of bacterial cells while, at the same time, provided a sensitive means to directly show regulated gene expression within the symbiont population. Thus, HCR-FISH provides a new approach for characterizing habitat transition in bacteria and for discovering host tissue responses to colonization.
Real-time synchronous multi-view video transport system over IP networks (2008)

This paper proposes a prototype realization of real-time synchronous multi-view video transport system which can extend the software-based multi-view video transport system over IP networks. This system supports H.264/MPEG-2 system based real-time multi-view video transport and considers the synchronization during acquisition and transport for the interactive view-selection during transport. For the synchronized acquisition from multiple multi-view cameras through IEEE 1394 interface, this system estimates the timeline differences among H.264 compressed video streams by using global time of network between the cameras and a server and corrects timelines of video streams by changing the timestamp of the MPEG-2 system stream. Then, it multiplexes a selected number of acquired views at the MPEG-2 TS (transport stream) level for the interactive view-selection during transport. Thus, with the proposed synchronized multiplexing scheme, this system can display synchronized view.
Prototype of electric vehicle drive with twin water-cooled wheel direct drive motors (2002)

The availability of new high-energy permanent magnets at a reasonable cost has opened up the possibility of developing very compact brushless permanent magnet motors with substantially improved overload capability for wheel direct drive applications. Concerning the development of an electric propulsion system for a newly-conceived dual-power city car, this paper discusses the design, construction and laboratory testing of a twin wheel direct drive prototype based on a novel topology of water-cooled axial-flux permanent magnet motor.
Neutral glycolipids of human and bovine milk (1992)

Abstract The neutral glycolipids of milk, a small fraction of the total lipids, are of potential biological importance. The simultaneous quantitation of the simple (less than five sugars) glycosphingolipids of human milk samples was achieved by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. The samples, representing various stages of lactation, parity of the nursing child, and age of the mother, contained similar glycolipid patterns, but with varying individual glycolipid concentrations. The cerebrosides are major glycosphingolipids of human milk: the non‐hydroxylated fatty acid (NFA)‐containing species are present at 1.8 μM, and the hydroxylated and/or short‐chain fatty acid‐containing species (HFA) are present at 1.7 μM; NFA lactosylceramide is present at 931 nM. The cerebrosides appear to be primarily galactosylceramides (galactocerebrosides); glucosylceramides (glucocerebrosides) are a minor component. Globotriaosylceramide (Gb 3 ) is found at 50 nM and 73 nM for the NFA and HFA species, respectively, while globoside (Gb 4 ) is found at 45 nM and 46 nM for the NFA and HFA species. Bovine milk glycosphingolipids differ from those of human milk, with bovine milk containing mainly NFA glucosylceramide (8 μM) and NFA lactosylceramide (17 μM); bovine milk contains little Gb 3 or Gb 4 .
Nannoscale Approaches For Biomolecule Separation And Detection (2010)

Nanotechnology has the potential to contact and impact the biological interactions at the most basic chemical and physical levels. New approaches to nanodevices allow high sensitivity and specificity with low sample requirement. Such devices are potential candidates for early disease detection at molecular levels and have important implications in associated therapeutics.This research work focuses on two different areas: developing devices for DNA detection, protein enrichment and exploring material properties to fabricate microscale/nanoscale structures. In one approach, hairpin probe DNA was used to detect fmol of ss-DNA from k-ras oncogene. In another approach, nanochannel based device was developed to selectively increase the concentration of one protein from a mixture of proteins taking advantage of antigen-antibody interactions in nanochannels. The phenomenon was demonstrated with selective separation of BSA and human hemoglobin. Further, effect of fluorescence on fluid flow through channels was studied. \tTowards biocompatible membranes, a rapid, simple and inexpensive approach to fabricate microchannels from 100-700 micron was developed. These channels were made in PDMS using simple chemistry and materials like nanoparticles, polyurethane and acetone, at various curing temperatures.
Protocols for ATM access networks (1989)

The development and standardization of ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) and signaling protocols for BISDN (broadband integrated services digital network) are considered. A view of both ATM and signaling protocols in which the key design guideline is service flexibility is presented. The approaches suggested are intended to create a service-independent broadband facility that is also sensitive to both service performance and network efficiency. Key issues are raised that will require serious consideration by standards groups, manufacturers, and service providers as BISDN moves toward production.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lunar surface electrical properties (1966)

Radar instrumentation on Surveyor I spacecraft and use in determining electrical properties of lunar surface
Enhanced cartilage regeneration in MIA/CD-RAP deficient mice (2010)

Melanoma inhibitory activity/cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (MIA/CD-RAP) is a small soluble protein secreted from chondrocytes. It was identified as the prototype of a family of extracellular proteins adopting an SH3 domain-like fold. In order to study the consequences of MIA/CD-RAP deficiency in detail we used mice with a targeted gene disruption of MIA/CD-RAP (MIA-/-) and analyzed cartilage organisation and differentiation in in vivo and in vitro models. Cartilage formation and regeneration was determined in models for osteoarthritis and fracture healing in vivo, in addition to in vitro studies using mesenchymal stem cells of MIA-/- mice. Interestingly, our data suggest enhanced chondrocytic regeneration in the MIA-/- mice, modulated by enhanced proliferation and delayed differentiation. Expression analysis of cartilage tissue derived from MIA-/- mice revealed strong downregulation of nuclear RNA-binding protein 54-kDa (p54(nrb)), a recently described modulator of Sox9 activity. In this study, we present p54(nrb) as a mediator of MIA/CD-RAP to promote chondrogenesis. Taken together, our data indicate that MIA/CD-RAP is required for differentiation in cartilage potentially by regulating signaling processes during differentiation.
An efficient security algorithm in mobile computing for resource constrained mobile devices. (2008)

The focus of this paper is on the key exchange and key agreement stage of a mobile communication, between a handheld device such as a PDA and a server. The paper suggests the use of the Extended Optimal Extension Field (EOEF) as an alternative to the finite fields currently in use in the Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman key exchange. EOEF offers advantages, due to the fact that it has an irreducible All One Polynomial, which is a very good choice for constrained environments.
New kernels for analyzing multimodal data in multimedia using kernel machines (2003)

Research in automated analysis of digital media content has led to a large collection of low-level feature extractors, such as face detectors, videotext extractors, speech and speaker identifiers, people/vehicle trackers, and event locators. These media metadata are often symbolic rather than continuous-valued, and pose significant difficulty to subsequent tasks such as classification and dimensionality reduction which traditionally deal with continuous-valued data. This paper proposes a novel mechanism that extends tasks traditionally limited to continuous-valued feature spaces, such as (a) dimensionality reduction, (b) de-noising, and (c) clustering, to domains with symbolic features. To this end, we introduce new kernels based on well-known distance metrics, and prove Mercer validity of these kernels for analyzing symbolic feature spaces. We demonstrate their usefulness within the context of kernel-space methods such as Kernel PCA and SVM, in classifying machine learning datasets from the UCI repository and in temporal clustering and tracking of videotext in multimedia. We show that the generalized kernels help capture information from symbolic feature spaces, visualize symbolic data, and aid tasks such as classification and clustering, and therefore are useful in multimodal analysis of multimedia.
Poly-silicon CMOS compatible gate module for AlGaN/GaN-on-silicon MIS-HEMTs for power electronics applications (2016)

In this paper we present a new poly-silicon gate process for AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT power transistors. Using a complete metal-free front-end processing of the gate module the process is fully CMOS compatible. Additionally, the gate reliability can be significantly increased. We used a three-step LPCVD SiN passivation fully enclosing the gate electrode made of polycrystalline silicon. As gate dielectrics LPCVD deposited SiN are used with a thickness of 20 nm and 120 nm. We compared these devices with MIS-HEMTs using Al as gate electrode. Constant current measurements have been performed that show with QBD, poiy, 20 nm = 714 C/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a MTTF0.5A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 1293s significant higher charge pumping capability through the gate for the poly-Si gated devices compared to conventional metal gates.
Filter Clogging Data Collection for Prognostics (2013)

Filtration is a critical process in many industrial systems to obtain the desired level of purification for liquids or gas. Air, fuel, and oil filters are the most common examples in industrial systems. Filter clogging is the main failure mode leading to filter replacement or undesired outcomes such as reduced performance and efficiency or cascading failures. For example, contaminants in fuel (e.g. rust particles, paint chips, dirt involved into fuel while tank is filling, tank moisture rust) may lead to performance reduction in the engine and rapid wear in the pump. Prognostics has potential to avoid cost and increase safety when applied to filters. One of the main challenges of prognostics is the lack of failure degradation data obtained from industrial systems. This paper presents the process of design and building of an experimental rig to obtain prognostics data for filter clogging mechanism and data obtained from the rig. Two types of filters have been used during the accelerated filter clogging and 23 run-to-failure data have been collected. Flow rate and pressure sensors are used for condition monitoring purposes. The filter clogging has been recorded through a camera to evaluate the findings with pressure and flow sensors. The data collected is very promising for development of prognostics methodologies.
The Philosophy of the Limit (1993)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Sterically Congested Molecules, 11. The 2,6‐Diisopropylphenyl Substituent at CC and CN Groups (1994)

Abstract Two series of new compounds with sterically shielded, sp 2 ‐hybridized C‐α atoms are prepared from bromo(chloro)‐2,6‐diisopropylbenzene. The α‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) substituent common to all of them is used as an NMR‐spectroscopic indicator for the ease of aryl‐α single‐bond rotation. The corresponding ΔG ≠ values are >23.8 kcal/mol with methyl or bromine as additional α substituents at a CC bond, but <8.5 kcal/mol with α‐H. The analogous 2,6‐diisopropylacetophenone imine has ΔG * = 18.0 kcal/mol while the N ‐substituted imines prefer the (Z) conformations with ΔG ≠ > 23.3 kcal/mol, and ΔG ≠ ≈ 31.5 kcal/mol for the (Z)‐hydrazone. Comparisons of these data with reaction conditions show that chemical transformations are not seriously impeded unless they depend on reagent attack at a π face of the C‐α atom in a CC or CN group which rotates slowly about the bond to 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl. magnified image
Hydrogen peroxide lowers ATP levels in platelets without altering adenyalte energy charge and platelet function. (1977)

H2O2 irreversibly reduced metabolic platelet ATP levels with a corresponding accumulation of hypoxanthine. This process was enhanced by sodium azide or potassium cyanide and by increasing H2O2 concentrations. The adenylate energy charge was unaltered when less than two thirds of the metabolic ATP had disappeared but decreased markedly when more ATP disappeared. Platelet shape change, primary aggregation, dense granule and alpha-granule secretion were unaffected by H2O2-induced lowering of ATP provided that the adenylate energy charge did not fall by more than 5%; at greater adenylate energy charge reduction, platelet functions were inhibited. These results indicate that cell functions depend more on adenyalte energy charge than on the ATP level and expands the applicability of this view from bacterial systems to a mammalian cell, the human platelet.
Chemical composition, fatty acid profile and bioactive compounds of guava seeds (Psidium guajava L.) (2014)

This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition, determine the fatty acid profile, and quantify the bioactive compounds present in guava seed powder (Psidium guajava L.). The powder resulted from seeds obtained from guava pulp processing. The agro-industrial seeds from red guava cv. paluma were used, and they were donated by a frozen pulp fruit manufacturer. They contain varying amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients, with a high content of total dietary fiber (63.94 g/100g), protein (11.19 g/100g), iron (13.8 mg/100g), zinc (3.31 mg/100g), and reduced calorie content (182 kcal/100g). Their lipid profile showed a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids (87.06%), especially linoleic acid (n6) and oleic acid (n9). The powder obtained contained significant amounts of bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid (87.44 mg/100g), total carotenoids (1.25 mg/100 g) and insoluble dietary fiber (63.55 g/100g). With regard to their microbiological quality, the samples were found suitable for consumption. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the powder produced has favorable attributes for industrial use, and that use of these seeds would be a viable alternative to prevent various diseases and malnutrition in our country and to reduce the environmental impact of agricultural waste.
Skew Detection in Binary Image Documents Based on Image Dilation and Region labeling Approach (2006)

In this paper we propose a new and efficient method for estimation of skew angle in a binary document image, based on image dilation and region labeling technique. The input document is dilated by using structuring element as line whose length is fixed experimentally and the region labeling technique is applied using depth first search. Orientation angle is calculated for all the labeled regions, the average of all orientation angles is considered as the skew angle of the document. The experimental results show that better accuracy of estimation could be achieved using this approach since it is based on orientation angles of all the text lines of the underlying document and is the minimum variance unbiased estimator of the true skew angle. The novelty of the proposed method is that, it is robust for machine printed document of any size/font, multi-column layouts and documents containing graphics, pictures, charts, tables etc
Low Profile Harmonic Radar Transponder for Tracking Small Endangered Species (2007)

Fragmentation of threatened species' habitat attributable to anthropogenic activity is a major concern. Understanding these animals' dispersal ecology and range utilization can greatly aid in designing preserves for their conservation, but this data is extremely difficult to obtain for populations of small animals. Presented here is a study miniature passive harmonic radar tags which allow the tracking of an endangered snail species without adversely affecting the tagged subjects. Whip antennas were found to be problematic through snagging and interference with snail activity. Alternative low-profile planar antennas were also tested, with bow-tie related antenna forms providing reasonable (up to 7 ft) detection range.