gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of starch‐<i>graft</i>‐poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite (2005)

Abstract A novel starch‐ graft ‐poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite was synthesized by graft copolymerization reaction of starch, acrylamide (AM), and attapulgite micropowder using N. N ‐methylene‐bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulphate (APS) as an initiator in aqueous solution, followed by hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide. The effects on water absorbency, such as amount of crosslinker, initiator, attapulgite, weight ratio of acrylamide to starch in the feed, gelatinization conditions of starch and molar ratio of NaOH to acrylamide, and so forth, were investigated. These superabsorbent composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The water absorbencies for these superabsorbent composites in water and saline solution were investigated, and water retention tests were carried out. Results obtained from this study showed that the water absorbency of superabsorbent composite synthesized under optimal synthesis conditions with an attapulgite content of 10% exhibit absorption of 1317 g H 2 O/g sample and 68 g H 2 O/g sample in distilled water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1351–1357, 2005
Highly stable graphene-assisted tunable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (2013)

A highly stable tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser (TDWFL) using graphene as a means to generate a highly stable output is proposed and generated. The TDWFL comprises a 1 m long, highly doped erbium-doped fiber (EDF) acting as the linear gain medium, with a 24-channel arrayed waveguide grating acting as a wavelength slicer as well as a tuning mechanism to generate different wavelength pairs. The tuned wavelength pairs can range from 0.8 to 18.2 nm. A few layers of graphene are incorporated into the laser cavity to induce the four-wave-mixing effect, which stabilizes the dual-wavelength output by suppressing the mode competition that arises as a result of homogenous broadening in the EDF.
Chemistry and biology of the ramoplanin family of peptide antibiotics (2002)

The peptide antibiotic ramoplanin factor A2 is a promising clinical candidate for treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections that are resistant to antibiotics such as glycopeptides, macrolides, and penicillins. Since its discovery in 1984, no clinical or laboratory-generated resistance to this antibiotic has been reported. The mechanism of action of ramoplanin involves sequestration of peptidoglycan biosynthesis Lipid intermediates, thus physically occluding these substrates from proper utilization by the late-stage peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes MurG and the transglycosylases (TGases). Ramoplanin is structurally related to two cell wall active lipodepsipeptide antibiotics, janiemycin, and enduracidin, and is functionally related to members of the lantibiotic class of antimicrobial peptides (mersacidin, actagardine, nisin, and epidermin) and glycopeptide antibiotics (vancomycin and teicoplanin). Peptidomimetic chemotherapeutics derived from the ramoplanin sequence may find future use as antibiotics against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and related pathogens. Here we review the chemistry and biology of the ramoplanins including its discovery, structure elucidation, biosynthesis, antimicrobial activity, mechanism of action, and total synthesis.
Regulation of AQP4 surface expression via vesicle mobility in astrocytes (2013)

Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in the brain, expressed mainly in astrocytes and involved in water transport in physiologic and pathologic conditions. Besides the classical isoforms M1 (a) and M23 (c), additional ones may be present at the plasma membrane, such as the recently described AQP4b, d, e, and f. Water permeability regulation by AQP4 isoforms may involve several processes, such as channel conformational changes, the extent and arrangement of channels at the plasma membrane, and the dynamics of channel trafficking to/from the plasma membrane. To test whether vesicular trafficking affects the abundance of AQP4 channel at the plasma membrane, we studied the subcellular localization of AQP4 in correlation with vesicle mobility of AQP4e, one of the newly discovered AQP4 isoforms. In cultured rat astrocytes, recombinant AQP4e acquired plasma membrane localization, which resembled that of the antibody labeled endogenous AQP4 localization. Under conditions mimicking reactivation of astrocytes (increase in cytosolic cAMP) and brain edema, an increase in the AQP4 plasma membrane localization was observed. The cytoskeleton remained unaffected with the exception of rearranged actin filaments in the model of reactive astrocytes and vimentin meshwork depolymerization in hypoosmotic conditions. AQP4e vesicle mobility correlated with changes in the plasma membrane localization of AQP4 in all stimulated conditions. Hypoosmotic stimulation triggered a transient reduction in AQP4e vesicle mobility mirrored by the transient changes in AQP4 plasma membrane localization. We suggest that regulation of AQP4 surface expression in pathologic conditions is associated with the mobility of AQP4-carrying vesicles.
Randomized trial of use of incentive to increase the response rate to a mailed survey (2003)

Author name used in this publication: Tong M. F. Chan
Unique optical and electrochemical properties of π-conjugated electrically conducting copolymers consisting of electron-withdrawing pyridine units and electron-donating thiophene units (1991)

Electrically conducting π-conjugated copolymers consisting of π-excessive thiophene-2,5-diyl and π-deficient pyridine-2,5-diyl monomer units show a unique cyclic voltammogram with an unusually large potential difference between the doping and the undoping peaks, and their electronic and fluorescence spectra support occurrence of intramolecular charge transfer showing absorption and fluorescence peaks at lower energy compared with those of the corresponding homopolymers.
Enhancing the NO/C3H8/O2 Reaction by Using H2 over Ag/Al2O3 Catalysts under Lean-Exhaust Conditions (2000)

Abstract We examine the effect of H2 on the selective reduction of NO by C3H8 over Ag/Al2O3 catalysts under lean-exhaust conditions. The NO reduction activity caused by C3H8 at low temperature (590-760 K) is greatly increased by adding H2 in the presence of excess oxygen and water vapor.
Induction of apoptosis by sodium butyrate in the human Y-79 retinoblastoma cell line. (1995)

The mode of cell death induced in the Y-79 human retinoblastoma cell line by sodium butyrate (SB), a short-chain fatty acid with potent inhibitory effects on the growth of many transformed cell lines, was investigated by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis, and metabolic studies. While SB (< 1 mM) resulted in marked morphological differentiation, higher concentrations (1-4 mM) induced predominantly apoptotic involution in Y-79 in a concentration-dependent fashion after a latent period of 24 h. Dying cells displayed the characteristic morphology of apoptosis accompanied by DNA laddering with agarose gel electrophoresis. Extensive cell necrosis was apparent with 0.5 M SB. Induction of apoptosis and DNA laddering by SB was reduced by putative inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis, but not putative endonuclease inhibitors. These results are important for understanding the mode of action of sodium butyrate as a potential cancer chemotherapeutic agent.
The major PEP-phosphotransferase systems (PTSs) for glucose, mannose and cellobiose of Listeria monocytogenes, and their significance for extra- and intracellular growth (2010)

In this report we examine the PEP-dependent phosphotransferase systems (PTSs) of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e, especially those involved in glucose and cellobiose transport. This L. monocytogenes strain possesses in total 86 pts genes, encoding 29 complete PTSs for the transport of carbohydrates and sugar alcohols, and several single PTS components, possibly supporting transport of these compounds. By a systematic deletion analysis we identified the major PTSs involved in glucose, mannose and cellobiose transport, when L. monocytogenes grows in a defined minimal medium in the presence of these carbohydrates. Whereas all four PTS permeases belonging to the PTS(Man) family may be involved in mannose transport, only two of these (PTS(Man)-2 and PTS(Man)-3), and in addition at least one (PTS(Glc)-1) of the five PTS permeases belonging to the PTS(Glc) family, are able to transport glucose, albeit with different efficiencies. Cellobiose is transported mainly by one (PTS(Lac)-4) of the six members belonging to the PTS(Lac) family. In addition, PTS(Glc)-1 appears to be also able to transport cellobiose. The transcription of the operons encoding PTS(Man)-2 and PTS(Lac)-4 (but not that of the operon for PTS(Man)-3) is regulated by LevR-homologous PTS regulation domain (PRD) activators. Whereas the growth rate of the mutant lacking PTS(Man)-2, PTS(Man)-3 and PTS(Glc)-1 is drastically reduced (compared with the wild-type strain) in the presence of glucose, and that of the mutant lacking PTS(Lac)-4 and PTS(Glc)-1 in the presence of cellobiose, replication of both mutants within epithelial cells or macrophages is as efficient as that of the wild-type strain.
Solution properties of homogeneous polyglycerol dodecyl ether nonionic surfactants (1989)

Abstract The synthesis and solution properties of a homologous series of polyglycerol dodecyl ethers (R 12 G n ) are described. The phase behavior, surface tension, cloud point and HLB value (hydrophile lipophile balance) of these surfactants in aqueous solutions and in mixed solutions of water/oil have been investigated and compared with values for polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether (R 12 EO n ). The surface tension measurements showed that R 12 G n have sufficiently low values of surface tension and critical micellization concentration (cmc) to serve as useful nonionic surfactants. The mesophases appearing in the R 12 G n systems were more stable in a high temperature range than the mesophases of the R 12 EO n systems. The cloud point and HLB data indicated that addition of one glycerol group was equivalent to the addition of three oxyethylene units, as far as the hydrophilic property was concerned. The phase diagrams of the R 12 G n /dodecane/water systems showed that the solubilizing and emulsifying powers of R 12 G n were greater than those of R 12 EO n . It is concluded that the polyglycerol chain can be even more useful as the hydrophilic part of nonionic surfactants than the conventional oxyethylene chain.
Social Learning (2013)

Contents: Part I:Social Learnlng: Theoretical and Methodological Issues. B.G. Galef, Jr., Imitation in Animals: History, Definition, and Interpretation of Data from the Psychological Laboratory. R. Boyd, P.J. Richerson, An Evolutionary Model of Social Learnlng: The Effects of Spatial and Temporal Variation. Part II:Social Influences on Avoidance Learning. S. Mineka, M. Cook, Social Learning and the Acquisition of Snake Fear in Monkeys. E. Curio, Cultural Transmission of Enemy Recognition by Birds. J.R. Mason, Direct and Observational Learning by Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceus): The Importance of Complex Visual Stimuli. Part III:Social Influences on Foraging and Feeding. B.G. Galef, Jr., Communication and Information Concerning Distant Diets in a Social, Central-Place Foraging Species: Rattus Norvegicus. L. Lefebvre, B. Palameta, Mechanisms, Ecology, and Population Diffusion of Socially-Learned, Food-Finding Behavior in Feral Pigeons. P. Rozin, Social Learning About Food by Humans. Part IV:Social Learning of Arbitrary Responses. T.R. Zentall, Experimentally Manipulated Imitative Behavior in Rats and Pigeons. M.R. Denny, C.F. Clos, R.C. Bell, Learning in the Rat of a Choice Response by Observation of S-S Contingencies. D.E. Hogan, Learned Imitation by Pigeons. D. Mainardi, M. Mainardi, Culture and Genetics in the House Mouse. Part V:Social Influences on Communication. L. Petrinovich, The Role of Social Factors in White-Crowned Sparrow Song Development. I.M. Pepperberg, The Importance of Social Interaction and Observation in the Acquisition of Communicative Competence: Possible Parallels Between Avian and Human Learning. E.F. Masur, Infants Imitation of Novel and Familiar Behaviors. A.N. Meltzoff, The Human Infant as Homo Imitans.
In-Plane Flow of Fluids in Fabrics: Structure/Flow Characterization (1987)

A technique that quantifies the in-plane flow properties of fibrous networks is pre sented. A radial flow geometry allows the simultaneous study of more than one in- plane flow direction. The shape and position of a radially advancing fluid front define directional permeabilities in the plane, which can be used to compare structurally different fibrous networks. Confirmatory studies reinforce the method of data analysis and show that the directional permeabilities are independent of driving pressure, fluid viscosity, and fiber surface wettability properties. The methodology was applied to the study of multilayer assemblies. The in-plane flow of fluids in heterogeneous multilayer constructions is governed by the high permeability layer. A transverse flow mechanism is proposed as being responsible for filling the low permeability layers and, therefore, the transverse permeability is coupled into this flow process.
Ocular Surface Discomfort and <i>Demodex</i>: Effect of Tea Tree Oil Eyelid Scrub in <i>Demodex</i> Blepharitis (2012)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between ocular discomfort and ocular Demodex infestation, and therapeutic effects of tea tree oil (TTO) in Demodex blepharitis patients. Three hundred and thirty-five patients with ocular discomfort were evaluated for ocular Demodex infestation and subjective symptoms with ocular surface discomfort index (OSDI) score. Among them, Demodex-infested patients were randomized to receive either eyelid scrubbing with TTO (TTO group,106 patients) or without TTO (Control group, 54 patients) for 1 month. Demodex were found in 84% of patients with ocular discomfort. The number of Demodex was significantly correlated with age (P = 0.04) and OSDI score (P = 0.024). After eyelid scrub treatment, Demodex count was reduced from 4.0 ± 2.5 to 3.2 ± 2.3 in the TTO group (P = 0.004) and from 4.3 ± 2.7 to 4.2 ± 2.5 in the control group (P = 0.27). Also, OSDI score was reduced from 34.5 ± 10.7 to 24.1 ± 11.9 in the TTO group (P = 0.001) and from 35.3 ± 11.6 to 27.5 ± 12.8 in the control group (P = 0.04). In conclusion, Demodex number showed a significant positive correlation with age and subjective ocular discomfort. The tea tree oil eyelid scrub treatment is effective for eliminating ocular Demodex and improving subjective ocular symptoms.
A novel low-frequency square wave electronic ballast for low-wattage HID lamps (2003)

A novel electronic ballast for the low-wattage HID lamps with less components is proposed. The proposed ballast provides low-frequency square wave current to the lamp to avoid acoustic resonance. A prototype with the efficiency of 92% for a 70 W MH lamp verifies its feasibility.
Lanthanide Triflate Catalysed Reactions of Acetals with Primary Amines and Cascade Cyclisation Reactions (1998)

The formation of imines from acetals and primary amines can be carried out at significantly lower temperatures using scandium or lanthanide triflates as catalysts, than in the absence of a catalyst: the intermediate aminol ethers can also take part in cascade cyclisation reactions, for example using tryptamine and ethyl tryptophanate.
Optimization of lactic acid production by Lactobacillus plantarum strain Hui1 in a medium containing sugar cane molasses (2021)

The aim of this study was to optimize lactic acid production by a native strain (Hui1) of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from a Peruvian Amazon fruit (Genipa americana) in a medium supplemented with an agroindustrial by-product such as sugar cane molasses. Optimization was performed though one-factor-at-a-time studies followed by the Placket-Burman and central composite designs. The data were analyzed by using the Statistica® 10 software. Several carbon, nitrogen and ion sources were tested, and the optimum concentration of lactic acid achieved was 84.2 g L-1 in a medium containing as follows (in g L-1): meat extract, 18.69; tryptone, 7.88; sugar cane molasses, 140; calcium carbonate, 15; dipotassium phosphate, 1; manganese phosphate, 0.03; sodium acetate, 5, and magnesium sulphate, 0.2. In addition, a high degree of conversion from sugar cane molasses to lactic acid was obtained (Yp/s 0.898 g g-1). These results indicate the potential of Lactobacillus plantarum strain Hui1 to produce lactic acid in a medium supplemented with sugar cane molasses, an underutilized industrial by-product.
Hepatic Diseases — Hitting the Target with Inhibitory RNAs (2003)

A promising new method of silencing gene expression has been shown to be an effective therapy in two mouse models of autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis B infection.
Radio Frequency Identification of Remotely Operated Horizontal Frac (2011)

Abstract There is a very significant move today towards multiple zone fracturing operations in a single well where zones are separated and individually fractured, particularly in shale gas completions. This technique has to date involved the use of ball seat activated sliding sleeves located across each zone, with consequent reductions in internal diameter (ID) and attendant flow characteristic limitations or selective perforating, fracing and isolation with a bridge plug in a cemented casing string while working up the hole. Both approaches involve many downhole intervention operations such as perforating, shifting sleeves, running plugs and subsequently milling them up with coiled tubing (CT) intervention, all of which extend the length of the operation and add to the overall costs. To simplify the process of multiple fracturing operations, especially in open hole, a new approach has been designed which uses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) techniques to remotely operate sliding sleeves. The number of sleeves that can be run in a well using this technology is essentially unlimited, each one having the same ID and a unique electronic address which allows it to be operated remotely at will. This approach provides for a means of making considerably more zones available for treatment without physical intervention with CT or wireline and thereby speeds the multiple frac operations and allows for wellbore clean up from the toe to the heel of the well. In this paper the authors will describe the design and operation of the RFID operated frac sleeves and the advantages they provide. They will go on to detail the Worlds’ first remotely operated horizontal openhole frac completion where frac sleeves and swell packers were used in an extended reach horizontal shale gas well.
A packet channel sharing protocol for dynamic channel assignment systems (2002)

A major trend in mobile communications is the development of digital cordless telephone systems such as PHS and DECT for personal communications. These systems offer higher channel speeds than existing cellular systems, and should support data transmission as well as voice. This paper proposes a new packet channel provisioning method for sharing TDMA radio channels with circuit-switched calls for dynamic channel assignment systems. The method is characterized by a two step random-access mechanism; the first step is carrier sensing to obtain an available TDMA channel for packet transmission. The next step is the application of a reservation-grant based random-access protocol for multiplexing terminals on the packet channel. The characteristics of this protocol are evaluated using a computer simulation based on a 4-channel TDMA/TDD. The results clarify the advantage of the method in terms of channel efficiency.
Computing Visibility for Triangulated Panoramas (1999)

A visibility algorithm for triangulated panoramas is proposed. The algorithm can correctly resolve the visibility without making use of any depth information. It is especially useful when depth information is not available, such as in the case of real-world photographs. Based on the optical flow information and the image intensity, the panorama is subdivided into variable-sized triangles, image warping is then efficiently applied on these triangles using existing graphics hardware. The visibility problem is resolved by drawing the warped triangles in a specific order. This drawing order is derived from epipolar geometry. Using this partial drawing order, a graph can be built and topological sorting is applied on the graph to obtain the complete drawing order of all triangles. We will show that the time complexity of graph construction and topological sorting are both linear to the total number of triangles.
Policy Analysis on Resolving Digital Divide in Rural Areas (2010)

As the result of a series of network advancement projects for the last few decades, the network infrastructure of Korea is much faster than those of other advanced countries. The data transmission rate of rural areas, however, still remains low, though it is possible for subscribers to access the Internet. It leads to the situation where various convergence services cannot be used in rural areas, unlike in metropolitan cities or in small and medium sized cities. The digital divide between cities and rural areas will emerge as a social issue. Since 2010 the Korean government has been conducting a project for establishing BcN in rural areas where it is not likely for private service providers to voluntarily invest for the network infrastructure. In this paper, we discuss the BcN establishment project to provide high-speed network infrastructure and convergence services such as IPTV, VoIP, and u-Health to rural areas. We also estimate the expected impacts and make suggestions for successful deployment.
Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neuroendocrine tumor in stomach and duodenum (2016)

Objective 　To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with neuroendocrine tumor in stomach and duodenum for early diagnosis. Methods 　The clinical, endoscopic and pathological data of 20 patients admitted to the PLA General Hospital from Jan. 2012 to Jan. 2015 and diagnosed as gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumor were collected for retrospective analysis. The histopathological classification of the disease was made according to the WHO 2010 Classification of the Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Result 　Ten male and 10 female patients aged between 35 and 77 (mean 55.5±10.6) years old were recruited in the present study. Tumor located in the stomach in 13 cases, and in duodenum in 7 cases. The maximum diameter of the tumor was 0.2-2.5cm. Endoscopic features included polypoid protrusion, hemispheric submucosal protrusion, and mucosal erosion. All the patients were treated endoscopically, among them, four patients were treated with electrocoagulation and electrosection, 10 by endoscopic resection (EMR), and 6 by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In one patient, surgical excision was done after ESD. Biopsy under gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography were conducive to the diagnosis and treatment. According to the histopathological classification, 19 cases were classified as NET grade 1, and another one as NET grade 2. The follow-up study showed no metastasis and recurrence. Conclusions 　The early diagnosis and treatment for gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumor can lead to satisfactory results.
		
		DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2016.03.12
Defining novel parameters for the optimal priming and expansion of minor histocompatibility antigen-specific T cells in culture (2015)

Our results offer novel insights on the impact of culture duration on the acquisition of T-cell exhaustion features. Using a new clinical-compliant protocol, we define critical parameters to monitor in order to optimally differentiate and expand MiHA-specific T cells in culture prior to adoptive transfer.