gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesomorphic Behavior of Compounds Incorporating One-Unit Linking Groups (1995)

Abstract 4,4′-Bis[4-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)benzylideneamino diphenyl ether, its 3,4′-analogue, and 1,4-bis[4-[4-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)benzylideneamino phenoxy benzene have been found to exhibit mostly an enantiotropic nematic phase. The clearing points of these three homologous series are rather close to each other; for example, the methoxy members give 340,325, and 333°C respectively and the decyloxy members 222,213, and 231°C, suggesting no substantial difference in the molecular shape though the molecules are not quite linear. On the other hand, the mesophase appearing in 4,4′-bis[4-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)benzylideneamino diphenylmethanes is of the smectic C type. Thus, the importance of the nature of one-unit linking groups as a factor determining the type of mesophase was demonstrated.
Integrated and supported (2012)

At Frankston High School, our Student Leadership Committee (SLC) has a strong history of being actively involved in the decision-making processes of our large dual-campus school.
Detangling People: Individuating Multiple Close People and Their Body Parts via Region Assembly (2016)

Today's person detection methods work best when people are in common upright poses and appear reasonably well spaced out in the image. However, in many real images, that's not what people do. People often appear quite close to each other, e.g., with limbs linked or heads touching, and their poses are often not pedestrian-like. We propose an approach to detangle people in multi-person images. We formulate the task as a region assembly problem. Starting from a large set of overlapping regions from body part semantic segmentation and generic object proposals, our optimization approach reassembles those pieces together into multiple person instances. It enforces that the composed body part regions of each person instance obey constraints on relative sizes, mutual spatial relationships, foreground coverage, and exclusive label assignments when overlapping. Since optimal region assembly is a challenging combinatorial problem, we present a Lagrangian relaxation method to accelerate the lower bound estimation, thereby enabling a fast branch and bound solution for the global optimum. As output, our method produces a pixel-level map indicating both 1) the body part labels (arm, leg, torso, and head), and 2) which parts belong to which individual person. Our results on three challenging datasets show our method is robust to clutter, occlusion, and complex poses. It outperforms a variety of competing methods, including existing detector CRF methods and region CNN approaches. In addition, we demonstrate its impact on a proxemics recognition task, which demands a precise representation of "whose body part is where" in crowded images.
Performance of Poly-Si TFTs Fabricated by SELAX (2004)

Selectively enlarging laser crystallization (SELAX) has been proposed as a new crystallization process for use in the fabrication of thin-film transistors (TFTs). This method is capable of producing a large-grained and flat film of poly-Si. The average grain size is 0.3/spl times/5 /spl mu/m, and the surface roughness of the poly-Si layer is less than 5 nm. The TFTs fabricated with this method have better performance and are more uniform than those produced with the conventional excimer laser crystallization (ELC) method. The average values of field-effect mobility are 440 cm/sup 2//Vs (n-type), and 130 cm/sup 2//Vs (p-type). The subthreshold slope for both types is 0.20 V/dec. Values for standard deviation of threshold voltage are 0.03 V (n-type) and 0.20 V (p-type). The delay time of the CMOS-inverter of SELAX TFTs is less than half that of ELC TFTs.
Restoration of skilled locomotion by sprouting corticospinal axons induced by co-deletion of PTEN and SOCS3 (2015)

The limited rewiring of the corticospinal tract (CST) only partially compensates the lost functions after stroke, brain trauma and spinal cord injury. Therefore it is important to develop new therapies to enhance the compensatory circuitry mediated by spared CST axons. Here by using a unilateral pyramidotomy model, we find that deletion of cortical suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a negative regulator of cytokine-activated pathway, promotes sprouting of uninjured CST axons to the denervated spinal cord. A likely trigger of such sprouting is ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) expressed in local spinal neurons. Such sprouting can be further enhanced by deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) negative regulator, resulting in significant recovery of skilled locomotion. Ablation of the corticospinal neurons with sprouting axons abolishes the improved behavioural performance. Furthermore, by optogenetics-based specific CST stimulation, we show a direct limb motor control by sprouting CST axons, providing direct evidence for the reformation of a functional circuit.
Linearized Euler predictions of unsteady aerodynamic loads in cascades (1993)

A linearized Euler solver for calculating unsteady flows in turbomachinery blade rows due to both incident gusts and vibratory blade motion is presented. Using the linearized Euler technique, one decomposes the flow into a mean (or steady) flow plus an unsteady, harmonically varying, small-disturbance flow. Linear variable coefficient equations describe the small-disturbance behavior of the flow and are solved using a pseudotime time-marching Lax-Wendroff scheme. For the blade-motion problem, a harmonically deforming computational grid that conforms to the motion of vibrating blades eliminates large error producing mean flow gradient terms that would otherwise appear in the unsteady flow tangency boundary condition
Gigahertz photon density waves in a turbid medium: Theory and experiments (1996)

The predictions of the frequency-domain standard diffusion equation (SDE) model for light propagation in an infinite turbid medium diverge from the more complete ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ approximation to the linear Boltzmann transport equation at intensity modulation frequencies greater than several hundred MHz. The ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ approximation is based on keeping only the terms l=0 and l=1 in the expansion of the angular photon density in spherical harmonics, and the nomenclature ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ approximation is used since the spherical harmonics of order l=1 can be written in terms of the first order Legendre polynomial, which is traditionally represented by the symbol ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$. Frequency-domain data acquired in a quasi-infinite turbid medium at modulation frequencies ranging from 0.38 to 3.2 GHz using a superheterodyning microwave detection system were analyzed using expressions derived from both the ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ aproximation equation and the SDE. This analysis shows that the ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ approximation provides a more accurate description of the data over this range of modulation frequencies. Some researchers have claimed that the ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ approximation predicts that a light pulse should propagate with an average speed of c/ \ensuremath{\surd}3 in a thick turbid medium. However, an examination of the Green's function that we obtained from the frequency-domain ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ approximation model indicates that a photon density wave phase velocity of c/ \ensuremath{\surd}3 is only asymptotically approached in a regime where the light intensity modulation frequency aproaches infinity. The Fourier transform of this frequency-domain result shows that in the time domain, the ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ approximation predicts that only the leading edge of the pulse (i.e., the photons arriving at the detector at the earliest time) approaches a speed of c/\ensuremath{\surd}3. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Setting the Optimal Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin Screening Decision Threshold for Lead Poisoning: A Decision Analytic Approach (1991)

Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) was introduced in the 1970s as an inexpensive screening test for lead poisoning. As greater knowledge of lead poisoning has accumulated, the recommended EP level at which further evaluation for lead poisoning should be initiated has been lowered from greater than or equal to 50 micrograms/dL to greater than or equal to 35 micrograms/dL. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of this EP threshold. A receiver operator characteristic curve was constructed to assess the relationship between the true-positive rate and false-positive rate of EP at various decision thresholds. The receiver operator characteristic curve was constructed with data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1976 to 1980, which included 2673 children 6 years of age or younger who had both blood lead and EP level determinations. Decision analysis was then used to determine the optimal EP decision threshold for detecting a blood lead level greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/dL. The receiver operator characteristic curve demonstrated that EP is a poor predictor of a blood lead level greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/dL. At the currently recommended EP decision threshold of 35 micrograms/dL, the true-positive rates and false-positive rates of EP are 0.23 and 0.04, respectively. As a result of the inadequate performance of EP screening for lead poisoning, when the prevalence of lead poisoning is greater than 8%, there is no EP decision threshold that optimizes the relationship between the cost of screening normal children and the benefit of detecting lead-poisoned children. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin measurement is not sufficiently sensitive to be recommended uniformly as a screening test for lead poisoning.
Influence of glucagon on GFR and on urea and electrolyte excretion: direct and indirect effects (1995)

Clearance experiments were performed in anesthetized male Wistar rats to determine the level of peripheral glucagon concentration required to elicit changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and in solute excretion. Glucagon was intravenously infused at a rate of 1.25 (group G-1, n = 8), 3.75 (group G-3, n = 7), or 12.5 (group G-10, n = 7) ng.min-1.100 g body wt-1 for 100 min. Measurements were performed before, during, and after this infusion. Group G-10 resulted in a plasma concentration of glucagon severalfold higher than usually observed in peripheral blood after a protein meal but normal for the hepatic circulation. Group G-10 simultaneously increased GFR, plasma adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, and the excretion of water (i.e., urinary flow rate), Na, Cl, PO4, K, and urea. Some of the effects of glucagon on electrolyte excretion were also observed with group G-1 and/or G-3 and were fully reversible, suggesting a direct renal action of glucagon. The significant and reversible increase in K excretion in group G-3 suggests that glucagon exerts a direct stimulatory influence on K secretion in the distal nephron. Increases in urinary flow rate, PO4, Na, and urea fractional excretions were seen with group G-10 only and were not reversible, suggesting an indirect action of glucagon on the proximal tubule. Because glucagon stimulates cAMP formation in hepatocytes and because this cAMP is released in the blood and secreted by proximal tubule cells, cAMP of hepatic origin could induce a parathyroid hormone-like effect in this nephron segment. In summary, these experiments suggest that glucagon influences different aspects of renal function by a combination of direct and indirect (probably liver-dependent) effects.
Demonstration of a hot-carrier photovoltaic cell (2013)

We demonstrate a new hot-carrier photovoltaic cell based on the resonant tunnelling of hot electrons from a narrow-band-gap semiconductor to a wider-band-gap semiconductor. Hot electrons are photogenerated at a variety of wavelengths in a GaAs absorber followed by resonant tunnelling through a double-barrier quantum well into an AlGaAs collector, forming an energy-selective interface in the centre of the device. We show theoretically the presence of a tunnel current from the absorber to the collector under illumination, offering a method to extract carriers from a hot-electron distribution at zero bias. We experimentally demonstrate a hot-carrier photovoltaic cell based on this concept. Two features of its measured current–voltage characteristic, namely the peak to valley current ratio and the current peak voltage, are shown to vary with the wavelength of illumination in a way that clearly demonstrates hot-carrier extraction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction-diffusion textures (1991)

We present a method for texture synthesis based on the simulation of a process of local nonlinear interaction, called reaction-diffusion, which has been proposed as a model of biological pattern formation. We extend traditional reaction-diffusion systems by allowing anisotropic and spatially non-uniform diffusion, as well as multiple competing directions of diffusion. We adapt reaction-diffusion system to the needs of computer graphics by presenting a method to synthesize patterns which compensate for the effects of non-uniform surface parameterization. Finally, we develop efficient algorithms for simulating reaction-diffusion systems and display a collection of resulting textures using standard texture- and displacement-mapping techniques.
Related Factors with the Depression in the Rural People (2011)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression and related to the factors among the rural people. The questionnaire survey using the Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression Scale(CES-D) was conducted in the rural people. The subjects were 226 individuals, living in the rural area. The results of this study were as follows. In this study, the prevalence of depression was 15.0% in all and 18.3% in the elderly. The prevalence rate was higher in non educational, widowhood, higher income group. The prevalence rate was lower in the group of having good health status, having no chronic disease, low stress level. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, significant predictors of the depression were stress level whereas there was no relation with other factors. Based on the above findings, this study suggests that these risk factors of depression should be taken into consideration for the comprehensive mental health programs for the people living in the rural area.
High-Efficiency GaN-HEMT Class-F Amplifier Operating at 5.7 GHz (2008)

We report on the design, fabrication, and measurement results of a high-efficiency class-F amplifier using an AlGaN/GaN HEMT at 5.7 GHz. Because of their higher operating voltage, GaN devices are expected to have higher operating efficiency as compared to GaAs devices. The fabricated amplifier using a low-loss resin microstrip substrate validated high efficiency expectations with a maximum drain efficiency of 77.1%, maximum power added efficiency of 68.7%, and output power of up to 34.5 dBm at 5.69 GHz.
A Method to Evaluate the Energy-Efficiency of Wide-Area Location Determination Techniques Used by Smartphones (2012)

Location-based services (LBS) are one of the most useful applications for smart phone users, but there is a significant energy cost in acquiring the user location. Continuous location sampling using GPS, Wi-Fi positioning system (WPS), and Global System for Mobile Communications Positioning System (GSMPS) typically deplete the battery within 12, 46, and 63 hours respectively, compared to 284 hours when GPS and Wi-Fi location positioning are turned-off. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a novel method to evaluate the energy-efficiency of GPS, WPS, and GSMPS location sensing technologies used by smart phones based upon a user-centred metric, battery depletion time. This metric depends upon three main factors: location sensor usage, user mobility context determination and location accuracy. Using solely the embedded smart phone accelerometer our pattern recognition model can within 2 seconds identify the user mobility state which in-turn manages the activation and deactivation of the location determination. Our results show that our hybrid energy efficient location sensing architecture can achieve energy-savings of up to 57% in typical circumstances.
3D Spheroid Culture Enhances the Expression of Antifibrotic Factors in Human Adipose‐Derived MSCs and Improves Their Therapeutic Effects on Hepatic Fibrosis (2016)

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has been reported to increase the therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the action mechanisms of 3D MSCs vary greatly and are far from being thoroughly investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of 3D spheroids of human adipose-derived MSCs for hepatic fibrosis. Our results showed that 3D culture enhanced the expression of antifibrotic factors by MSCs, including insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In vitro studies indicated conditioned medium of 3D cultured MSCs protected hepatocytes from cell injury and apoptosis more effectively compared with 2D cultured cells. More importantly, when transplanted into model mice with hepatic fibrosis, 3D spheroids of MSCs were more beneficial in ameliorating hepatic fibrosis and improving liver function than 2D cultured cells. Therefore, the 3D culture strategy improved the therapeutic effects of MSCs and might be promising for treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
프로바이오틱스의 건강증진과 질병치료 효능 (2010)

Background: The human being and the bacteria have accomplished a balance and have coexisted each other during long time. Probiotics have evolved with the human host to exist and the result they have operated profitably to human host. So it requires that the functions of probiotics are expounded in view of Traditional Korean Medicine. Aim: Suggest the functions of probiotics in view of Traditional Korean Medicine. Method: The author`s research has been performed to review the related references. Results: Probiotics assist the absorption of the lactose, proteins and minerals and product several kinds of vitamins, organic acids. Probiotics suppresses the growth of noxious bacteria and the production of harmful substances or gases. They absorbed and discharge the bile acid, and thus help us maintain the optimal level of blood cholesterol concentration. They can reinforce the immune response of the mucous membrane and control the hypersensitivity immune reaction such as asthma, atopy on the other hand. Probiotics have right functions as above and so can be applied widely in treatment of various disease and symptom. Conclusion: Considering the functions of probiotics in view of Traditional Korean Medicine, they participate in our spleen-earth-system (digestion and synthesis) and liver-wood-system (regulation of digestion, metabolism, internal secretion etc.), assist the function of lung-metal system(respiration and regulation of water metabolism) and regulate wi-chi (reinforce/control immune system). Consequently, hereafter there would be a necessity of control a circumstance in treatment of various diseases under these categories that probiotics should be able to do their right functions inside the human body.
Discerning advisor: an intelligent advertising system for clothes considering skin color (2005)

Facial perception is what usually human beings do during their daily communications. They may adjust and change the method or contents of the interaction based on this perception. One of the most probable places of this process is during the personalized advertising that is highly under consideration nowadays. Here as a sample of this kind of systems it is tried to propose a system named 'Discerning Advisor' for suggesting clothing fashion considering matching colors with the perception of skin color from the face. This is a considerable point by the fashion designers and advisors which the system will be trained by their knowledge. For this purpose a comprehensive study has been done on the human skin color model and its variations around the world and among different races. A neural network based skin detector was designed and trained to extract the skin area of the images automatically. It was applied on a large dataset of digital images containing 1000 faces of peoples of almost all races from 23 cities around the world. Calculating indicator color for each individual gave the ability of analysis of distribution and fuzzy-clustering the skin color. Finally the clustering result was used in classification of the skin color that can be matched with the suggested colors from the fashion designers
On fundamental tradeoffs between delay bounds and computational complexity in packet scheduling algorithms (2002)

In this work, we clarify, extend and solve an open problem concerning the computational complexity for packet scheduling algorithms to achieve tight end-to-end delay bounds. We first focus on the difference between the time a packet finishes service in a scheduling algorithm and its virtual finish time under a GPS (General Processor Sharing) scheduler, called GPS- relative delay . We prove that, under a slightly restrictive but reasonable computational model, the lower bound computational complexity of any scheduling algorithm that guarantees O (1) GPS-relative delay bound is Ω ( log 2 n ) (widely believed as a "folklore theorem" but never proved). We also discover that, surprisingly, the complexity lower bound remains the same even if the delay bound is relaxed to O ( n a ) for 0‹ a ⋵1. This implies that the delay-complexity tradeoff curve is "flat" in the "interval" [ O (1), O ( n )). We later extend both complexity results (for O (1) or O ( n a ) delay) to a much stronger computational model. Finally, we show that the same complexity lower bounds are conditionally applicable to guaranteeing tight end-to-end delay bounds. This is done by untangling the relationship between the GPS-relative delay bound and the end-to-end delay bound.
MetaFam: a unified classification of protein families. I. Overview and statistics (2001)

MetaFam family supersets have several useful features: (1) each superset contains more members than the families from which it is composed, because each of the component family databases only works with a subset of our full non-redundant set of proteins; (2) conflicting assignments can be pinpointed quickly, since our analysis identifies individual members that are in conflict with the majority consensus; (3) family descriptions that are absent from automated databases can frequently be assigned; (4) statistics have been computed comparing domain boundaries, family size distributions, and overall quality of MetaFam supersets; (5) the supersets have been loaded into a relational database to allow for complex queries and visualization of the connections among families in a superset and the consensus of individual domain members; and (6) the quality of individual supersets has been assessed using numerous quantitative measures such as family consistency, connectedness, and size. We anticipate this new resource will be particularly useful to genomic database curators.
Synthesis of 2 : 4 : 6-trishydroxymethylphenol and of 2 : 4 : 6-trishydroxybenzylphenol derivatives (1954)

A. T. Carpenter and R. F. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 2731 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540002731