gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Expression of Receptors for Hemopoietic Growth Factors on Subsets of CD34<sup>+</sup>Hemopoietic Cells (1996)

The production of peripheral blood cells is regulated by hemopoietic growth factors (HGF) which promote the survival of stem cells and stimulate the proliferation and maturation of progenitors as well as effector functions of mature blood cell subsets. The actions of HGF's are determined by the cellular distribution of receptors for these HGF's within the hemopoietic tissues and by the functional program that receptor-expressing cells can execute after growth factor stimulation. Identification of stem cells and their progeny and delineation of the growth factor receptor phenotype of these cells will establish target cell range and functions of individual growth factors in hemopoiesis. Cells with specific HGF receptors can be detected and isolated by flow cytometric methods, e.g., by staining with biotinylated ligand and fluorescently-tagged streptavidin. Receptor-expressing cells can be classified on the basis of expression of the CD34 antigen and other markers that distinguish immature progenitors from more differentiated cells. Using this approach distinct expression patterns have been shown for the receptors for interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and Steel Factor (SF) on subsets of CD34+ and CD34- cells in bone marrow. Expression of the IL-3 receptor (R), IL-6R and GM-CSFR appears to be very low on the most immature subsets of CD34+ cells, but increases progressively during successive stages, of in particular myelomonocytic differentiation. In contrast, the receptor for SF, i.e., Kit, is highly expressed on very immature CD34-bright/HLA-DR-dull cells, which include stem cells. Kit levels decline during myelomonocytic and B-lymphoid differentiation whereas they increase to maximal levels during early stages of erythropoiesis. The heterogeneity in receptor expression, together with other immunophenotypic characteristics, allows for the identification of distinct progenitor cell subsets and differentiation stages within the CD34+ cell compartment. By selecting appropriate phenotypic criteria it will be possible to further dissect the stem cell compartment and eventually establish the, possibly heterogeneous, HGF receptor phenotype of pluripotent stem cells.
On the construction of energy-efficient broadcast and multicast trees in wireless networks (2002)

The wireless networking environment presents formidable challenges to the study of broadcasting and multicasting problems. After addressing the characteristics of wireless networks that distinguish them from wired networks, we introduce and evaluate algorithms for tree construction in infrastructureless, all-wireless applications. The performance metric used to evaluate broadcast and multicast trees is energy-efficiency. We develop the broadcast incremental power algorithm, and adapt it to multicast operation as well. This algorithm exploits the broadcast nature of the wireless communication environment, and addresses the need for energy-efficient operation. We demonstrate that our algorithm provides better performance than algorithms that have been developed for the link-based, wired environment.
Responsibility of Hydrogen Peroxide for the Lethality of Resting<i>Escherichia coli</i>B Cells Exposed to Alternating Current in Phosphate Buffer Solution (1982)

Journal Article Responsibility of Hydrogen Peroxide for the Lethality of Resting Escherichia coli B Cells Exposed to Alternating Current in Phosphate Buffer Solution Get access Keiko Shimada, Keiko Shimada Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Seìkei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenzo Shimahara Kenzo Shimahara Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Seìkei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 46, Issue 5, 1 May 1982, Pages 1329–1337, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1982.10865244 Published: 01 May 1982 Article history Received: 24 November 1981 Published: 01 May 1982
Synthesis of Multivalent Organotellurium Chain‐Transfer Agents by Post‐modification and Their Applications in Living Radical Polymerization (2016)

Functionalized or multivalent organotellurium chain-transfer agents (CTAs) for living radical polymerization were synthesized by post-modification, which involved the condensation between a carboxylic-acid-functionalized CTA and various amines in excellent yields without affecting the reactive tellurium moiety. The CTAs exhibited high synthetic versatility for radical polymerization and gave structurally well-controlled polymers, such as multiarmed polymers, from various monomers. Because all new CTAs are easily available on a large scale by simple purification, the current method significantly facilitates macromolecular engineering based on organotellurium-mediated radical polymerization (TERP).
Formación de hábitos para el cuidado del medio ambiente en la educación inicial (2015)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la formación de hábitos para el cuidado del medio ambiente en la educación inicial. Una vez realizado el trabajo de campo, utilizando la técnica de la observación, se determinaron las siguientes conclusiones: los niños y niñas demuestran escasos hábitos para el cuidado del medio ambiente. Se pudo visualizar que no todos ubican la basura en su lugar, pocos identifican los espacios libres de contaminación, no tienen bien definido los mecanismos para ahorrar luz y evitar desperdiciar el agua, y demuestran débiles actitudes para el cuidado de las plantas y animales. La mayoría de docentes no utilizan estrategias adecuadas para orientar la educación ambiental en los niños y niñas, los recursos didácticos que utilizan no están en función de los hábitos para el cuidado ambiental; además, no se manejan reglas que generen el aseo personal, del aula y del entorno ambiental. Las actividades artísticas como la plástica, la expresión musical, el teatro y las actividades lúdicas no son utilizadas frecuentemente para el desarrollo de hábitos para el cuidado del medio ambiente.
Isolation and Purification of Proteasomes from Primary Cells (2014)

Proteasomes play an important role in cell homeostasis and in orchestrating the immune response by systematically degrading foreign proteins and misfolded or damaged host cell proteins. We describe a protocol to purify functionally active proteasomes from human CD4(+) T cells and dendritic cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The purification is a three-step process involving ion-exchange chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. This method can be easily adapted to purify proteasomes from cell lines or from organs. Methods to characterize and visualize the purified proteasomes are also described.
Evaluation of substrates for 90° peel adhesion—A collaborative study. II. Transdermal drug delivery systems (2008)

In a previous study on peel adhesion for medical tapes, it was shown that a stainless steel (SS) substrate better discriminated among medical tapes than a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) substrate. The objective of this study was to determine if a SS substrate would also better distinguish among transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs). Five TDDSs (Vivelle Dot, Climara, Catapres-TTS, Duragesic, and Mylan Fentanyl) were evaluated on three different substrates (SS, HDPE, and human cadaver skin). All measurements were made using a dwell time of approximately 3 min, a peel angle of 90 degrees, and a peel speed of 300 mm/min. Differences among TDDSs were greater for SS than for HDPE, using the F statistic for testing for differences among TDDSs means as a measure of heterogeneity, thereby indicating greater discrimination by SS.
The Effect of Additional Elements on Hydrogen Permeation Properties of Melt-Spun Ni-Nb-Zr Amorphous Alloys (2004)

The (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50X5 (X = Al, Co, Cu, P, Pd, Si, Sn, Ta or Ti) alloy ribbons were produced by the melt-spinning technique. All ribbon specimens were confirmed to have a single amorphous phase by XRD analysis. The crystallization temperatures of the melt-spun (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50X5 (X = Al, P, Pd, Si or Sn) amorphous alloys are higher than that of the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)50Zr50 amorphous alloy (727 K). Although the hydrogen permeability of the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50X5 (X = Si, Sn, Ta or Ti) amorphous alloys could not be measured due to severe embrittlement during the permeation test, the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50X5 (X = Al, Co, Cu, P or Pd) amorphous alloys had high ductility which was enough to measure the permeability. The hydrogen permeabilities of the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50Co5 and the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50Cu5 amorphous alloys were 2.46 × 10−8 and 2.34 × 10−8 [mol·m−1·s−1·Pa−1/2] at 673 K, respectively. The (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50P5 amorphous alloy possesses the lowest permeability of 1.36 × 10−8 [mol·m−1·s−1·Pa−1/2] at 673 K among the alloys where the permeability was measured. The reduction of the permeability in the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50P5 amorphous alloy is thought to be due to a preferential development of Zr-P atomic pairs which may suppress hydrogen solubility and hydrogen diffusivity in the alloy, because the heat of mixing for Zr-P atomic paris is negatively larger than those of other pairs such as Ni-P and Nb-P. It is concluded that the Ni-Nb-Zr-X (X=Co or Cu) amorphous alloys have high potential to hydrogen permeable membranes.
Spectral approach to optical resonator theory (1981)

A new computational method for unloaded optical resonators is developed based on the discrete Fourier analysis of information generated by repeated iterations of the optical field corresponding to transits between reflectors. The method is a straightforward extension of the propagating beam method developed earlier for optical fibers for extracting modal properties from numerical solutions to the paraxial scalar wave equation. The method requires computation of a field correlation function, whose Fourier transform reveals the eigenmodes as resonant peaks. Analysis of the location and breadth of these peaks determines the resonator eigenvalues. When the eigenvalues are known, additional discrete Fourier transforms of the field are used to generate the mode eigenfunctions. This new method makes possible the unambiguous identification and accurate characterization of the entire spectrum of transverse resonator modes.
Correlation between mammary tumor and blood glucose, serum insulin, and free fatty acids in mice. (1989)

The blood glucose level and serum levels of insulin, glucagon, and free fatty acids were examined in 7- to 8-mo-old female SHN mice with or without spontaneous mammary tumors (MT). Blood glucose levels in the females with MT were significantly higher than in those without MT, rising in proportion to the increase in size of MT up to 30 mm in diameter. In 4-mo-old male SHN and 11-mo-old female C57BL mice bearing mammary tumor grafts (MTg), the blood glucose level was significantly higher than in mice without MTg. Serum insulin and free fatty acids in female SHN mice with MT rose to higher levels than in mice without MT, whereas serum glucagon levels were unaltered. In 50% of mice with MT, pancreatic islets contained a large number of pyknotic cells. Livers of mice with MT or MTg were significantly heavier than those of mice without MT or MTg. In both female SHN mice with spontaneous MT and male SHN and female C57BL mice with MTg, the total number of hepatocytes and the total amount of liver DNA increased significantly compared with values from corresponding controls without MT or MTg. These findings suggest that MT or MTg induce a hyperglycemic state and an enhanced production of free fatty acids and insulin, which may in turn stimulate the growth of mammary tumors and the liver.
Recent progress on photoreactions in microreactors (2007)

Abstract A microreaction system for organic photoreactions was developed, and the processes of diastereo-differentiating photosensitized reaction, photocatalytic oxidation and reduction of organic compounds, and amine N-alkylation were examined in microspace. These model reactions proceeded very rapidly with considerably large photonic efficiencies because of some distinct properties of microreactors for photoreactions, such as higher spatial illumination homogeneity and better light penetration through the entire reactor depth, and large surface-to-volume ratio in comparison with large-scale batch reactors. These results suggest feasibility of microreaction systems on organic photoreactions.
Identifying Common Genetic Variants by High-Resolution Melting (2007)

High-resolution melting analysis is a highly accurate heteroduplex scanning technique. With many exons, however, use of single-sample instruments may lead to clerical errors, and routine use of difference analysis is recommended. Common variants can be identified by their melting curve profiles and genotyped with unlabeled probes, greatly reducing the false-positive results common with scanning techniques.
Characterizations of temporal variations in atmospheric water vapor (1998)

Microwave radiometer measurements of temporal variations in the amount of atmospheric water vapor are characterized by using "structure functions". The power-law indexes of the functions for time lags in the range 1-8 h are approximately 1.0, while a model predicts the value 2/3.
Hippo Pathway Effector Yap Is an Ovarian Cancer Oncogene (2010)

The Hippo pathway regulates organ size and tumorigenesis in Drosophila and mammals and is altered in a variety of human cancers, yet it remains unclear if the Hippo pathway is of prognostic significance to cancer patients. Here we show that the key targets of Hippo signaling, transcriptional coactivators Yki and Yap, play a conserved role in promoting ovarian cancer in flies and humans, respectively. Whereas studies linking Yap to cancer in other tissues have focused on overall Yap levels, we show for the first time that subcellular levels of Yap show an exceptionally strong association with poor patient survival. Specifically, high levels of nuclear Yap (nYap), or low levels of cytoplasmic phosphorylated Yap (cpYap), associated with poor survival from ovarian cancer. Patients with both high nYap and low cpYap had ∼50% lower 5-year survival, and this combination is an independent prognostic marker for survival, with an exceptionally high hazard ratio of 7.8. We find that Yap2 is the predominantly expressed Yap isoform in both the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) and epithelial ovarian cancers. Overexpression of Yap2 and phosphorylation-defective Yap2-5SA in immortalized OSE cells resulted in increased cell proliferation, resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, faster cell migration, and anchorage-independent growth, whereas Yap knockdown resulted in increased sensitivity to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Findings argue that the Hippo signaling pathway defines an important pathway in progression of ovarian cancer.
The degradation of tall oil fatty acids by molecular oxygen in alkaline media (1979)

This thesis was conceived to investigate the reactions of tall oil fatty acids under conditions simulating those of oxygen-alkali delignification.The methyl esters or sodium soaps of oleic acid, linoleic acid and several saturated fatty acids were the compounds investigated.An experimental program designed to determine the effects of temperature, reaction time, oxygen pressure, alkali, and lignin content on the autoxidation of methyl oleate and methyl linoleate was developed.The primary purpose of the program was to 'define conditions least likely to promote degradation of tall oil fatty acids during delignification of wood or pulp with oxygen and alkali.Another important goal of the experimental program was to account for the losses of the fatty acid esters which did occur.This objective required identification of fatty acid oxidation products and measurements of their yields.This phase of the investigation was intended to explore the possibility of recovering potentially valuable oxidation products and to clarify the mechanism of fatty acid degradation by oxygen and alkali.' 1, "..
Immunological Studies on Dermatophytes IV. Chemical Structures and Serological Reactivities of Polysaccharides from <i>Microsporum praecox, Trichophyton ferrugineum, Trichophyton sabouraudii</i> , and <i>Trichophyton tonsurans</i> (1969)

The chemical structures and serological specificities of polysaccharides isolated from four species of dermatophytes, Microsporum praecox, Trichophyton ferrugineum, T. sabouraudii, and T. tonsurans, were investigated. Each of these species yielded a mixture of crude polysaccharides which could be separated into three water-soluble, neutral polysaccharides free of nitrogen. These were grouped as galactomannan I, galactomannan II, and glucan. The galactomannans I were quite similar in chemical structure. When measured by complement fixation, their serological cross-reactivities were similar with rabbit antisera to each of these species except T. sabouraudii. The differences in their relative reactivities with this antiserum could be correlated with differences in structure and specificity of this antiserum for galactofuranose end groups. The galactomannans II differed both in chemical structure and in their serological reactivities with antisera to each of these species. The galactomannan II from T. ferrugineum differed most in chemical structure and was the least reactive serologically. The glucans also differed in both structure and serological reactivities.
A 46ns 1Mbit CMOS SRAM (1987)

This paper reports on a 1Mbit (128Kword × 8bit) SRAM using an advanced CMOS process technology. The typical address access time of 44ns and chip-select access time of 46ns are achieved with the power dissipation of 80mW for 1MHz operation. This SRAM employs a column DC bit-line load control to reduce power dissipation in the write mode operation. It also has an additional testing mode to access 4byte at one time to reduce the testing period.
Energy saving window (1976)

The window has always been the weak point--thermally and acoustically--in the building facade. It is the source of most of the external cooling load in summer and radiant drafts in winter. An effective method of making the window at least as good as the facade is the air flow window--sometimes called the exhaust air or climatic window. There are several designs on the market, but all have the common feature that air is caused to pass through the space between the inner and outer panes of the window. The outer pane may be a double hermetic unit.
Hypertension and the Cortisol-Cortisone Shuttle (2003)

11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 beta-HSD2) plays a crucial role in converting hormonally active cortisol to inactive cortisone, thereby conferring specificity on the mineralocorticoid receptor. Mutations in the gene encoding 11 beta-HSD2 (HSD11B2) account for an inherited form of hypertension, the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess, in which cortisol induces hypertension and hypokalemia. A similar clinical picture to apparent mineralocorticoid excess occurs after the ingestion of licorice and carbenoxolone, which are competitive inhibitors of 11 beta-HSD2. Reduced 11 beta-HSD2 activity may explain the increased sodium retention in preeclampsia, renal disease, and liver cirrhosis. Substrate saturation of 11 beta-HSD2 occurs in Cushing's syndrome and explains the mineralocorticoid excess state that characterizes ectopic ACTH syndrome. Polymorphic variability in the HSD11B2 gene in part determines salt sensitivity, a forerunner for adult onset hypertension. Furthermore, reduced placental 11 beta-HSD2 expression might underpin the Barker hypothesis, the epidemiological link between reduced birth weight and adult hypertension. At a prereceptor level, 11 beta-HSD2 plays a key role in normal physiology in the corticosteroid regulation of sodium homeostasis and pathophysiology of hypertension.
Carotenoid biosynthesis in a <i>Flavobacterium</i> sp.: stereochemistry of hydrogen elimination in the desaturation of phytoene to lycopene, rubixanthin and zeaxanthin (<i>Short Communication</i>) (1973)

[2-(14)C,(2R)-2-(3)H(1)]- and [2-(14)C,(2S)-2-(3)H(1)]-Mevalonates were rapidly incorporated into phytoene, lycopene, rubixanthin and zeaxanthin in a Flavobacterium system obtained by disruption of the bacterial cells by shaking with glass beads. Four hydrogen atoms arising from the 2-pro-S-hydrogen atoms of mevalonate were lost in the desaturation of phytoene to lycopene, rubixanthin and zeaxanthin. The desaturation of phytoene involves trans-elimination of hydrogen in the introduction of the double bonds at C-7, C-11, C-7' and C-11'.
A crossbow system for high-strain-rate mechanical testing (1996)

This paper describes a technique developed to measure the uniaxial compressive stress - strain properties of polymers at strain rates appropriate to ballistic and impact events over time scales of tens of microseconds using a crossbow as the projectile launch system. The instrument constructed represents a novel development of existing equipment types. The system is used for compression testing giving stress - strain measurements at strain rates of up to and over a temperature range of . Stress is calculated directly from a measured force obtained from a calibrated pressure bar. Strain is calculated from the sample displacement measured directly from the intensity reduction of a laser-photodiode unit. The crossbow system provides a relatively inexpensive, reliable and compact alternative to a standard Hopkinson bar.
Role of calcium in tight junction formation between epithelial cells (1990)

Upon transferring confluent monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells from a low-Ca2+ medium (1-5 microM) to one with 1.8 mM Ca2+ (Ca switch), tight junctions (TJs) assemble and seal, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) develops in 4-5 h, presumably through exocytotic fusion that incorporates junctional components to the surface membrane. In the present work we test this possibility and observe 1) that the Ca switch raises the cytosolic concentration of this ion; 2) that it also increases the membrane area by 22%; 3) that chloroquine, a drug which prevents exocytosis, blocks both the increase of surface membrane and the sealing of TJs; and 4) that if monolayers are not permanently switched to 1.8 mM Ca2+, but are subject to a 15-min pulse, cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]c) transiently increases but returns to low values (14 +/- 11 nM) and TER does not develop. Comparisons of the time course of TJ sealing with levels of [Ca2+]c, as well as the relationship between these parameters and extracellular Ca2+ levels, suggest that this ion may act from the extracellular side or in a narrow intracellular domain in the close vicinity of the plasma membrane.
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide A new gold standard in predicting mortality in patients with advanced heart failure (2003)

A single measurement of NT-proBNP in patients with advanced CHF, can help to identify patients at highest risk of death, and is a better prognostic marker than the LVEF, VO2 or HFSS.