gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discrimination between pressure and fluid saturation changes from marine multicomponent time-lapse seismic data (2003)

Abstract Explicit expressions for computation of saturation and pressure-related changes from marine multicomponent time-lapse seismic data are presented. Necessary input is PP and PS stacked data for the baseline seismic survey and the repeat survey. Compared to earlier methods based on PP data only, this method is expected to be more robust since two independent measurements are used in the computation. Due to a lack of real marine multicomponent time-lapse seismic data sets, the methodology is tested on synthetic data sets, illustrating strengths and weaknesses of the proposed technique. Testing ten scenarios for various changes in pore pressure and fluid saturation, we find that it is more robust for most cases to use the proposed 4D PP/PS technique instead of a 4D PP amplitude variation with offset (AVO) technique. The fit between estimated and “real” changes in water saturation and pore pressure were good for most cases. On the average, we find that the deviation in estimated saturation changes is 8% and 0.3 MPa for the estimated pore pressure changes. For PP AVO, we find that the corresponding average errors are 9% and 1.0 MPa. In the present method, only 4D PP and PS amplitude changes are used in the calculations. It is straightforward to include use of 4D traveltime shifts in the algorithm and, if reliable time shifts can be measured, this will most likely further stabilize the presented method.
Clinical Trial to Assess the Relative Efficacy of Fluorouracil and Leucovorin, Fluorouracil and Levamisole, and Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Levamisole in Patients With Dukes' B and C Carcinoma of the Colon: Results From National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project C-04 (1999)

In patients with Dukes' B and C carcinoma of the colon, treatment with FU+LV seems to confer a small DFS advantage and a borderline prolongation in overall survival when compared with treatment with FU+LEV. The addition of LEV to FU+LV does not provide any additional benefit over and above that achieved with FU+LV. These findings support the use of adjuvant FU+LV as an acceptable therapeutic standard in patients with Dukes' B and C carcinoma of the colon.
Microwave photonic vector modulator for high-speed wireless digital communications (2002)

The authors present the design, realization, and experimental results of a microwave/photonic circuit suitable for high-speed direct digital modulation of microwave signals. The modulator employs a combination of microwave, photonic, and digital techniques to produce a discrete phase and amplitude (i.e., vector) modulated carrier signal. The proof-of-concept demonstration presented in this paper was performed using a carrier frequency of 1 GHz and supports BPSK, QPSK, and 16-QAM. The authors also discuss ways to modify the modulator to simultaneously achieve data rates on the order of several hundreds of Mbs and wideband frequency hopping.
Models for the structure and function of the Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins determined by compilational analysis (1990)

The protein delta-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis are a commercially and environmentally important class of highly specific insecticides. From an alignment of their sequences, certain structural and functional domains can be inferred which may shed light on the mode of action of these toxins.
Azomethine derivatives. Part XVI. Some diphenylmethyleneaminosilanes and di-t-butylmethyleneaminosilanes (1972)

Reactions between the chlorosilanes, MenSiCl4 –n(n= 0–3), and di-t-butylmethyleneaminolithium, But2C:NLi, afford the mono(alkylideneamino)silanes, But2C:NSiMenCl3 –n, even when an excess of But2C:NLi is used. These alkylideneaminosilanes have i.r. and 1H n.m.r. spectra consistent with linearity of their C:NSi skeletons, as appropriate for maximum N[graphic omitted]Si (p→d)π-bonding. Analogous reactions between equimolar proportions of MenSiCl4 –n(n= 0–2) and Ph2C:NLi afford the di(alkylideneamino)silanes (Ph2C:N)2SiMenCl2 –n, apparently through disproportionation of the mono-substituted compounds Ph2C:NSiMenCl3 –n which could be isolated only when n= 2. The spectra of the diphenylmethyleneaminosilanes show that these may have bent C:NSi skeletons.
The Mechanics of Design and Interpretation of Hydraulic Fracture Treatments (1959)

Introduction Since formal introduction of hydraulic fracturing to the petroleum industry in 1948, the technique has increased in prominence each year until in many areas it is now the most popular method of well stimulation. In some areas it is the only technique which will effect commercial production; even some limestone formations which refuse to respond to multiple-stage acid treatments will, subsequent to hydraulic fracture treatments, make commercial wells. Many theories have been expounded to define conditions associated with hydraulic fracturing - some based on unrealistic prototypes and others on mathematical analyses substantiated as far as practical with laboratory experimentation. However, progress made has been mainly not the result of any mathematical or physical definition of the process, but industry's willingness to spend more for larger and higher rate treatments. Service companies have met the demands of the industry for treatments of greater magnitude until in some areas, treatments of from 100,000 to 200,000 gal injected at rates approaching 100 bbl/min are not only common but are performed with minimum difficulty. The cost of such treatments is of necessity great, and it is imperative that the manpower, equipment and materials be as effectively utilized as is technically possible. The purpose of this paper is not to clarify the turbid waters of fracturing theory, but to present the tools which we had used to make the technique more effective. Some equating will be necessary; however, development and discussion of theories will be largely confined to that necessary to justify the method of analysis. Basic Assumptions The following assumptions have been allowed as a basic definition of conditions:The pressure required to maintain fracture parting can be determined with fair reliability from either theoretical or empirical methods.The pressure required to maintain fracture parting is independent of fluid injection rate.For any one plane of parting, the functional variation in surface injection pressure with injection rate is the result of increased or decreased friction drop in conductor pipe and perforations.Functional variation in bottom-hole casing injection pressure with rate is the result of friction drop through perforations and is generally assumed, depending on number of perforations open, to be negligible for most wells below 3,000 ft in which ball sealers are not employed.
MR Myelography for Identification of Spinal CSF Leak in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension (2014)

Present data demonstrate a higher rate of leak detection with intrathecal gadolinium MR myelography when investigating CSF leaks in our cohort of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Although intrathecal gadolinium is an FDA off-label use, all patients tolerated the medication without evidence of complications. Our data suggest that intrathecal gadolinium MR myelography is a well-tolerated examination with significant benefit in the evaluation of CSF leak, particularly for patients with leak related to meningeal diverticula.
Multisensor silicon needle for cardiac applications (2002)

An integrated chemical sensor with multiple ion and temperature sensors, composed of two ISFETs (pH and K/sup +/), one platinum pseudo-reference electrode and temperature sensor based on a platinum resistor has been realised by using a CMOS-compatible technology and silicon micromachining. This paper describes a summary of the fabrication process and results of the device characterisation in vitro. The feasibility of the fabrication technology has been demonstrated and all devices have operated satisfactory, with a response showing good sensitivity and linearity. This multisensor will be used in the on-line early detection of myocardial ischemia during cardiac surgery while the heart is artificially arrested (extracorporeal circulation).
일반학교와 특수학교의 2015개정 초등학교 실과 교육과정 비교 (2019)

특수 교육의 목표와 통합 교육의 강조를 고려할 때 일반학교와 특수학교의 실과 교육과정의 공통점과 차이점을 비교 분석할 필요가 있다. 이러한 필요성에도 불구하고 일반학교와 특수학교의 실과 교육과정에 대한 비교 연구는 소수에 불과하며 특수
학교 실과 교육 관련 연구도 활발하게 이루어지고 있다고 보기 어렵다. 그러므로 이 연구는 구체적인 분석 준거에 따른...
Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: New Biomarker Approaches and Concepts (2011)

SUMMARY: About 10-25% of breast cancer patients achieve a pathologically confirmed complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tissue samples of pretreatment core biopsies are a valuable resource for translational research aiming towards predictive biomarkers for selecting patients who are likely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy. The German Breast Group (GBG) and the AGO-B Group (AGO = Working Group Gynecological Oncology) have extensive experience in conducting neoadjuvant clinical trials. Technologies as immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays and standardized reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approaches on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples allow high-throughput investigation of protein and mRNA biomarkers. With these approaches, we could demonstrate that molecular tumor subtypes and immunological infiltrates are valuable and independent predictors of therapy response. New biomarkers such as poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) might be useful for the prediction of response to conventional and new targeted therapies. This review summarizes current research projects focusing on biomarker discovery in the neoadjuvant setting.
The Physics of Spin-Transfer Torque Switching in Magnetic Tunneling Junctions in Sub-10 nm Size Range (2016)

The spin-transfer torque magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) technology may pave a way to a universal memory paradigm. MTJ devices with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy have the potential to have high thermal stability, high tunneling magnetoresistance, and low critical current for energy-efficient current-induced magnetization switching. Using devices fabricated through focused ion beam etching with Ga- and Ne-ion beams, this paper aimed to understand the size dependence of the current/voltage characteristics in the sub-10 nm range. The switching current density drastically dropped around 1 MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> as the device size was reduced below 10 nm. A stability of over 22 kT measured for a 5 nm device indicated a significantly reduced spin relaxation time.
Deep Learning Applications of Short-Range Radars (2020)

This exciting new resource covers various emerging applications of short range radars, including people counting and tracking, gesture sensing, human activity recognition, air-drawing, material classification, object classification, vital sensing by extracting features such as range-Doppler Images (RDI), range-cross range images, Doppler Spectrogram or directly feeding raw ADC data to the classifiers. The book also presents how deep learning architectures are replacing conventional radar signal processing pipelines enabling new applications and results. It describes how deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN), long-short term memory (LSTM), feedforward networks, regularization, optimization algorithms, connectionist This exciting new resource presents emerging applications of artificial intelligence and deep learning in short-range radar. The book covers applications ranging from industrial, consumer space to emerging automotive applications. The book presents several human-machine interface (HMI) applications, such as gesture recognition and sensing, human activity classification, air-writing, material classification, vital sensing, people sensing, people counting, people localization and in-cabin automotive occupancy and smart trunk opening. The underpinnings of deep learning are explored, outlining the history of neural networks and the optimization algorithms to train them. Modern deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), popular DCNN architectures for computer vision and their features are also introduced. The book presents other deep learning architectures, such as long-short term memory (LSTM), auto-encoders, variational auto-encoders (VAE), and generative adversarial networks (GAN). The application of human activity recognition as well as the application of air-writing using a network of short-range radars are outlined. This book demonstrates and highlights how deep learning is enabling several advanced industrial, consumer and in-cabin applications of short-range radars, which weren't otherwise possible. It illustrates various advanced applications, their respective challenges, and how they are been addressed using different deep learning architectures and algorithms.
Tracking global patterns of N-linked glycosylation site variation in highly variable viral glycoproteins: HIV, SIV, and HCV envelopes and influenza hemagglutinin (2004)

Human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV), influenza virus, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have heavily glycosylated, highly variable surface proteins. Here we explore N-linked glycosylation site (sequon) variation at the population level in these viruses, using a new Web-based program developed to facilitate the sequon tracking and to define patterns (www.hiv.lanl.gov). This tool allowed rapid visualization of the two distinctive patterns of sequon variation found in HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV CPZ. The first pattern (fixed) describes readily aligned sites that are either simply present or absent. These sites tend to be occupied by high-mannose glycans. The second pattern (shifting) refers to sites embedded in regions of extreme local length variation and is characterized by shifts in terms of the relative position and local density of sequons; these sites tend to be populated by complex carbohydrates. HIV, with its extreme variation in number and precise location of sequons, does not have a net increase in the number of sites over time at the population level. Primate lentiviral lineages have host species-dependent levels of sequon shifting, with HIV-1 in humans the most extreme. HCV E1 and E2 proteins, despite evolving extremely rapidly through point mutation, show limited sequon variation, although two shifting sites were identified. Human influenza A hemagglutinin H3 HA1 is accumulating sequons over time, but this trend is not evident in any other avian or human influenza A serotypes.
Oxygen–glucose deprivation and interleukin‐1α trigger the release of perlecan LG3 by cells of neurovascular unit (2011)

Two of the main stresses faced by cells at the neurovascular unit (NVU) as an immediate result of cerebral ischemia are oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion and inflammatory stress caused by up regulation of IL-1. As a result of these stresses, perlecan, an important component of the NVU extracellular matrix, is highly proteolyzed. In this study, we describe that focal cerebral ischemia in rats results in increased generation of laminin globular domain 3 (LG3), the c-terminal bioactive fragment of perlecan. Further, in vitro study of the cells of the NVU was performed to locate the source of this increased perlecan-LG3. Neurons, astrocytes, brain endothelial cells and pericytes were exposed to OGD/reperfusion and IL-1α/β. It was observed that neurons and pericytes showed increased levels of LG3 during OGD in their culture media. During in vitro reperfusion, neurons, astrocytes and pericytes showed elevated levels of LG3, but only after exposure to brief durations of OGD. IL-1α and IL-1β treatment tended to have opposite effects on NVU cells. While IL-1α increased or had minimal to no effect on LG3 generation, high concentrations of IL-1β decreased it in most cells studied. Finally, LG3 was determined to be neuroprotective and anti-proliferative in brain endothelial cells, suggesting a possible role for the generation of LG3 in the ischemic brain.
Identification of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Macrodomain Inhibitors Using an AlphaScreen Protocol (2018)

Macrodomains recognize intracellular adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation resulting in either removal of the modification or a protein interaction event. Research into compounds that modulate macrodomain functions could make important contributions. We investigated the interactions of all seven individual macrodomains of the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family members PARP9, PARP14, and PARP15 with five mono-ADP-ribosylated (automodified) ADP-ribosyltransferase domains using an AlphaScreen assay. Several mono-ADP-ribosylation-dependent interactions were identified, and they were found to be in the micromolar affinity range using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We then focused on the interaction between PARP14 macrodomain-2 and the mono-ADP-ribosylated PARP10 catalytic domain, and probed a ~1500-compound diverse library for inhibitors of this interaction using AlphaScreen. Initial hit compounds were verified by concentration-response experiments using AlphaScreen and SPR, and they were tested against PARP14 macrodomain-2 and -3. Two initial hit compounds and one chemical analog each were further characterized using SPR and microscale thermophoresis. In conclusion, our results reveal novel macrodomain interactions and establish protocols for identification of inhibitors of such interactions.
Partial Discharge Measurement in a Motor Winding Fed by a SiC Inverter - How Critical is High dV/dt Really? (2018)

This paper investigates partial discharge in a single-tooth motor winding fed by a SiC inverter with high dV/dt and compares the results with state of the art PD measurement. In order to achieve this, a very noise immune PD sensor with a Rogowski coil and a fine tuned high-pass filter is developed and calibrated in a 50 Hz PD test setup. Here, partial discharge events can be seen as soon as the peak-to-peak value of the sinusoidal voltage exceeds VPP≥ 2200 V. In a next step, a pulse width modulated voltage with a high voltage gradient of up to dVDS/dt = 88 kV/mus is applied at the winding. It turns out that as long as the peak-to-peak value of the PWM voltage is below VPP 2200 V causes PD at the transition of positive and negative PWM voltage blocks. First of all, this means, even in PWM operation with a high dV/dt partial discharge only occurs if the peak-to-peak voltage exceeds the critical value found in a state of the art PD test. No additional effect of the high dV/dt could be observed. Secondly, the num-ber of PD events that degrade the motor insulation depend on the electrical frequency of the convert-er output current. An increased switching frequen-cy doesn't accelerate ageing. These highly unex-pected outcomes are traced back to the electrical properties of the single-tooth motor winding. To this end, these investigations show that not all motor windings are in danger of high dV/dt. This releas-es new potentials to further improve the efficiency of power electronics and electric drives.
Templated Mineralization of Synthetic Hydrogels for Bone-Like Composite Materials: Role of Matrix Hydrophobicity (2010)

Bone-mimetic mineral-polymer composite materials have several applications ranging from artificial bone grafts to scaffolds for bone tissue engineering; templated mineralization is an effective approach to fabricate such composites. In this study, we synthesized bone-like composites using synthetic hydrogels having pendant side chains terminating with carboxyl groups as a template for mineralization. The role of matrix hydrophobicity on mineralization was examined using poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels modified with varying lengths of anionic pendant side chains (CH(2) horizontal lineCHCONH(CH(2))(n)COOH, where n = 1, 3, 5, and 7). The ability of these hydrogels to undergo templated mineralization was found to be strongly dependent upon the length of the pendant side chain as is evident from the extent of calcification and morphology of the minerals. Moreover, mineralized phases formed on the hydrogels were confirmed to resemble apatite-like structures. In addition to demonstrating the importance of material hydrophobicity as a design parameter for the development of bone-like synthetic materials, our study also provides a potential explanation for the in vitro differences between the apatite-nucleating capacity of aspartate-rich osteopontin and glutamate-rich bone sialoprotein.
FBXW7 and USP7 regulate CCDC6 turnover during the cell cycle and affect cancer drugs susceptibility in NSCLC (2015)

// Francesco Morra 1,2,* , Chiara Luise 1,* , Francesco Merolla 1,3 , Ina Poser 4 , Roberta Visconti 1 , Gennaro Ilardi 3 , Simona Paladino 2 , Hiroyuki Inuzuka 5 , Gianluca Guggino 6 , Roberto Monaco 7 , David Colecchia 8 , Guglielmo Monaco 6 , Aniello Cerrato 1 , Mario Chiariello 8 , Krista Denning 9 , Pier Paolo Claudio 10 , Stefania Staibano 3  and Angela Celetti 1 1 Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore”, CNR, Napoli, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy 4 Max Plank Institute, MPI-CBG Dresden, Germany 5 Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, MA, USA 6 UOC Chirurgia Toracica, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli, Italy 7 UOC Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale “A.Cardarelli”, Napoli, Italy 8 Istituto Toscano Tumori, Core Research Laboratory, Siena, Italy 9 Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards Cancer Center, Huntington, WV, USA 10 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology & Dept. of Surgery, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards Cancer Center, Huntington, WV, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Angela Celetti, email: // Keywords : CCDC6, FBXW7, USP7, mitotic kinases, cisplatinum Received : January 20, 2015 Accepted : March 03, 2015 Published : March 30, 2015 Abstract CCDC6 gene product is a pro-apoptotic protein substrate of ATM, whose loss or inactivation enhances tumour progression. In primary tumours, the impaired function of CCDC6 protein has been ascribed to CCDC6 rearrangements and to somatic mutations in several neoplasia. Recently, low levels of CCDC6 protein, in NSCLC, have been correlated with tumor prognosis. However, the mechanisms responsible for the variable levels of CCDC6 in primary tumors have not been described yet. We show that CCDC6 turnover is regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner. CCDC6 undergoes a cyclic variation in the phosphorylated status and in protein levels that peak at G2 and decrease in mitosis. The reduced stability of CCDC6 in the M phase is dependent on mitotic kinases and on degron motifs that are present in CCDC6 and direct the recruitment of CCDC6 to the FBXW7 E3 Ubl. The de-ubiquitinase enzyme USP7 appears responsible of the fine tuning of the CCDC6 stability, affecting cells behaviour and drug response. Thus, we propose that the amount of CCDC6 protein in primary tumors, as reported in lung, may depend on the impairment of the CCDC6 turnover due to altered protein-protein interaction and post-translational modifications and may be critical in optimizing personalized therapy.