gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrophoretic motion of a charged water droplet near an oil-air interface (2012)

The trajectory of a charged droplet near an oil-air interface is investigated. When a charged droplet is translated in oil by electrophoresis, the droplet follows a straight line between two electrodes. However, if an oil-air interface is close to a droplet, the droplet follows an upwardly concave parabolic pathway. By using the leaky dielectric model, we have verified that this phenomenon is caused by the distorted electric field due to the difference in permittivities. Furthermore, it is enhanced by the accumulated free charges on the oil-air interface due to the difference in the electric conductivities of oil and air. Finally, we suggest a complementary arrangement of electrodes for realizing a straight pathway of the droplet near the interface.
Ribosomal protein L32 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulates both splicing and translation of its own transcript. (1993)

Ribosomal protein L32 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulates the splicing of its own transcript (1, 2) apparently by interacting with a structure composed largely of the 5' exon. However, even in strains overproducing L32 mRNA, e.g. from a cDNA copy of the gene, little accumulation of L32 is observed after a brief pulse label. When the 5' leader of the RPL32 mRNA is replaced by an exogenous leader, the amount of pulse-labeled L32 increases severalfold, suggesting that L32 regulates the translation of its own mRNA, acting through sequences in the 5' region. This conclusion was confirmed by the observation that in cells carrying a chimeric gene in which the L32 leader is fused to LacZ coding sequences, the presence of a second gene that overexpresses L32 itself reduces the level of beta-galactosidase by 50%, in spite of a doubling of L32-lacZ fusion mRNA, presumably due to stabilization of the message. Mutations within the 5' leader that abolish the regulation of splicing also abolish the regulation of translation, suggesting that the regulation of translation by L32 involves a structure similar to that proposed for the regulation of splicing. In cells overproducing L32-mRNA about half the excess mRNA was found in ribonucleoproteins of < 25 S, unassociated with ribosomal particles. Much of the rest was found in ribonucleoproteins of 80-120 S.
Query Expansion Based on Topics (2008)

Query expansion technology and formal concept analysis (FCA) are two effective methods for improving the query precision in the information retrieval field. In this paper, formal concept analysis which aims at modeling concepts is adopted to expand the user query and a new query expansion approach is proposed. We use the TREC as the contexts and build concept lattices. Then the expansion source is extracted from these concept lattices. For extracting the user interest topics, the terms of the expansion source are matched with the nodes of the ODP directory tree. And then the relevance topics are expanded to the query terms as the expansion results.
Production of phenyllactic acid by lactic acid bacteria: an approach to the selection of strains contributing to food quality and preservation (2004)

The ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to produce phenyllactic (PLA) and 4-hydroxy-phenyllactic (OH-PLA) acids, metabolites involved in food quality and preservation, has been evaluated by HPLC analysis in 29 LAB strains belonging to 12 species widely used in the production of fermented foods.Metabolite production was demonstrated for all strains of the species Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus alimentarius, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis, Lactobacillus hilgardii, Leuconostoc citreum, and for some strains of Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp.mesenteroides.Strains were distinguished by analysis of variance in three groups including 15 strains that produced both metabolites (0.16-0.46 mM PLA and 0.07-0.29 mM OH-PLA), five strains accumulating in culture only PLA (0.17-0.57mM) and nine non-producer strains ( 6 0.10 mM PLA and 6 0.02 mM OH-PLA).Improvement of phenyllactic acid production was obtained in a selected L. plantarum strain by increasing the concentration of phenylalanine in culture and using low amounts of tyrosine.
Preparation of crosslinked alginate composite membrane for dehydration of ethanol-water mixtures (2000)

The purpose of this article was to develop new membranes with a high selectivity and permeation rate for separation of an alcohol/water system. Crosslinked alginate composite membranes were prepared by casting an aqueous solution of alginate and 1,6-hexanediamine (HDM) onto a hydrolyzed microporous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane. The influence of hydrolysis of the support membrane and crosslinking agent content in a dense layer on the selectivity and flux was studied and it was shown that both could improve the separation performance of the composite membrane greatly. The countercation of alginate coatings as a dense separating layer also influenced the separation properties of the membrane, which was better for K+ than for Na+. This novel composite membrane with K+ as a counterion has a high separation factor of 891 and a good permeation rate of 591 g m−2 h−1 for pervaporation of a 90 wt % ethanol aqueous solution at 70°C. At the same time, SEM micrographs showed that the pore structure of the PAN microporous membrane is changed by hydrolysis. The reason for the influence of the preparation conditions on the separation performance of the novel membrane is discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 3054–3061, 2000
<i>ALK‐</i>rearrangement in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (2018)

The ALK gene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. ALK is physiologically expressed in the nervous system during embryogenesis, but its expression decreases postnatally. ALK first emerged in the field of oncology in 1994 when it was identified to fuse to NPM1 in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Since then, ALK has been associated with other types of cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). More than 19 different ALK fusion partners have been discovered in NSCLC, including EML4, KIF5B, KLC1, and TPR. Most of these ALK fusions in NSCLC patients respond well to the ALK inhibitor, crizotinib. In this paper, we reviewed fusion partner genes with ALK, detection methods for ALK-rearrangement (ALK-R), and the ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib, used in NSCLC patients.
Additive Linear Free-Energy Relationships in Reaction Kinetics of Amino Groups with α,β-Unsaturated Compounds<sup>1,2</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditive Linear Free-Energy Relationships in Reaction Kinetics of Amino Groups with α,β-Unsaturated Compounds1,2Mendel Friedman and Joseph S. WallCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 9, 2888–2894Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01347a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01347a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Critical role of PTEN in the coupling between PI3K/Akt and JNK1/2 signaling in ischemic brain injury (2007)

JNK pathway is an important pro-apoptotic kinase cascade mediating cell death in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli including excitotoxicity, which results in selective and delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1. On the contrary, activation of the protein kinase Akt, which is controlled by the opposing actions of PI3K and PTEN, contributes to enhanced resistance to apoptosis through multiple mechanisms. We here demonstrate that the temporal pattern of Akt activation reversely correlates with JNK1/2 activation following various time points of ischemic reperfusion. However, the activation of JNK1/2 could be decreased by the elevation of Akt activation via increasing the tyrosine phosphorylation of PTEN by bpv(pic), a potent PTPases inhibitor for PTEN, or by intracerebroventricular infusion of PTEN antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs). In contrast, JNK1/2 activation was significantly increased by preventing PTEN degradation after pretreatment with proteasome inhibitor. The neuroprotective effects of bpv(pic) and PTEN AS-ODNs were significant in the CA1 subfield after transient global ischemia. In conclusion, the present results clearly show that PTEN plays a key regulatory role in the cross-talk between cell survival PI3K/Akt pathway and pro-death JNK pathway, and raise a new possibility that agents targeting phosphatase PTEN may offer a great promise to expand the therapeutic options in protecting neurons form ischemic brain damage.
General Communication (1990)

COMMUNICATION YEARBOOK 13 edited by James A. Anderson (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1990—$65.00, ISBN 0-8039-3349-5, 589 pp.) MASS COMMUNICATION REVIEW YEARBOOK, VOL 6 edited by Michael Gurevitch and Mark Levy (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1987—$59.95, ISBN 0-8039-3112-3, 642 pp.) MEDIA ECONOMICS: CONCEPTS AND ISSUES by Robert G. Picard (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1989—$19.95/9.95, ISBN 0-8039-3501-3 hard, 0-8039-3502-1 soft, 136 pp.) PARADIGMS REVISED: THE ANNUAL REVIEW OF COMMUNICATIONS AND SOCIETY 1989 prepared by the Institute for Information Studies (Aspen Institute, Wye Center, PO Box 22, Queenstown, MD 21658—apparently free on request, paper, ISBN 0-89843-087-9, 208 pp.) TIME PASSAGES: COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE by George Lipsitz (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990—price not given, paper, ISBN 0-8166-1806-2, 307 pp.) DESIGNING THE EFFECTIVE MESSAGE: CRITICAL THINKING AND COMMUNICATION by Donald N. Wood (Dubuque. IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing. 1989 $19.95, paper, ISBN 0-8403-5517-3, 140 pp.)
An Improved k-Nearest Neighbor Classification Using Genetic Algorithm (2010)

k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is one of the most popular algorithms for pattern recognition. Many researchers have found that the KNN algorithm accomplishes very good performance in their experiments on different data sets. The traditional KNN text classification algorithm has three limitations: (i) calculation complexity due to the usage of all the training samples for classification, (ii) the performance is solely dependent on the training set, and (iii) there is no weight difference between samples. To overcome these limitations, an improved version of KNN is proposed in this paper. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is combined with KNN to improve its classification performance. Instead of considering all the training samples and taking k-neighbors, the GA is employed to take k-neighbors straightaway and then calculate the distance to classify the test samples. Before classification, initially the reduced feature set is received from a novel method based on Rough set theory hybrid with Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) as we have discussed in our earlier work. The performance is compared with the traditional KNN, CART and SVM classifiers.
Source-and-drain series resistance of LDD MOSFET's (1984)

The introduction of n- regions makes an LDD MOSFET behave differently from a conventional MOSFET. The source-and-drain series resistance, which consists of the n+-and-n-regions, shows a strong dependence on the gate bias. Also, the apparent effective length can vary with gate bias. These special features cause the traditional method to determine effective channel length and series resistance inapplicable. In this letter, we propose a method to determine the "intrinsic" channel length and gate-voltage-dependent source-and-drain series resistance of an LDD MOSFET and a modal for the LDD device current at small drain-source voltage.
A half-bridge inverter based current balancer with the reduced dc capacitors in single-phase three-wire distribution feeders (2011)

This paper proposes a half-bridge inverter based current balancer in single-phase three-wire distribution systems with the reduced dc capacitors. The proposed current balancer can use a 6-in-1 IGBT module. Two legs perform a half-bridge inverter based current balancer, which compensates the reactive and unbalanced active components on the source-side. The third-leg performs a power de-coupler with a dc-capacitor voltage balancer. This power de-coupler sinks the power fluctuation, which flows into the dc capacitors, caused by the unbalanced conditions of two half-bridge inverters. Thus the capacity of the dc capacitors of the half-bridge inverter based current balancer can be dramatically reduced as compared to those of the previously proposed current balancer. The basic principle of the proposed half-bridge inverter based current balancer with the reduced dc capacitors is discussed in detail, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation using PSIM software. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that the balanced source currents are obtained on the secondary-side of the pole-mounted distribution transformer, reducing the capacity of the dc capacitors of the half-bridge inverter based current balancer.
Intelligent Structural Health Monitoring: a Civil Engineering Perspective (2006)

Remote sensing systems are being developed for structural health monitoring. Requirements for such systems are presented from a civil engineering perspective. It is argued that for such systems to be effective and deployable, they need to have cheap, replaceable, durable sensors, on-site artificial intelligence and low power requirements with on-site recharging capability. The on-site intelligence needs to be able to distinguish abnormal behaviour from normal, to determine if a sensor or power source has failed, and be able to alert the responsible engineer to such occurrences. Superficial damage requiring repair is unlikely to be detected from assessment of structural parameters. Thus, more than one form of monitoring may well be required. The on-site system should be able to provide data on request. Data need to be transmitted in a reliable but cheap way, with the monitoring system aligned with the data sought and available resources.
Isolation, Structures, and Structure−Cytotoxic Activity Relationships of Withanolides and Physalins from <i>Physalis </i><i>angulata</i> (2007)

Phytochemical investigation of Physalis angulata was initiated following primary biological screening. Fractionation of CHCl3 and n-BuOH solubles of the MeOH extract from the whole plant was guided by in vitro cytotoxic activity assay using cultured HONE-1 and NUGC cells and led to the isolation of seven new withanolides, withangulatins B-H (1-7), and a new minor physalin, physalin W (8), along with 14 known compounds, including physaprun A, withaphysanolide, dihydrowithanolide E, physanolide A, withaphysalin A, and physalins B, D, F, G, I, J, T, U, and V. New compounds (1-8) were fully characterized by a combination of spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR and MS) and the relative stereochemical assignments based on NOESY correlations and analysis of coupling constants. Biological evaluation of these compounds against a panel of human cancer cell lines showed broad cytotoxic activity. Withangulatin B (1) and physalins D (10) and F (11) displayed potent cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines with EC50 values ranging from 0.2 to 1.6 microg/mL. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that withanolides and physalins with 4beta-hydroxy-2-en-1-one and 5beta,6beta-epoxy moieties are potential cytotoxic agents.
Glucocorticoids increase the synthesis of immunoglobulin E by interleukin 4-stimulated human lymphocytes. (1991)

This study indicates that hydrocortisone (HC) markedly increases the synthesis of immunoglobulin E (IgE) by interleukin 4 (IL-4)-stimulated human lymphocytes. The effect is glucocorticoid specific and is obtained with low concentrations of HC (0.1-10 microM). In both the early and the late phase of the IL-4-induced response HC exerts its effects which are respectively IL-4 dependent and IL-4 independent. The IgE potentiation cannot be explained by the inhibition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production since it is observed in the absence of endogenous secretion of IFN-gamma. HC inhibits the production of IgE-binding factors (soluble CD23) and the expression of the low-affinity receptor for IgE, also known as the (Fc epsilon RII) CD23 antigen; however, the residual expression of Fc epsilon RII by IL-4- and HC-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is important since the IgE response of these cells is markedly inhibited by anti-CD23 monoclonal antibody. HC acts mainly by amplifying the cellular interactions between monocytes and lymphocytes; indeed, HC has no effect on monocyte-depleted PBMCs, and moreover, monocytes cannot be replaced by soluble factors. Most importantly, T cells are not required for the induction of IgE synthesis by costimulation with IL-4 and HC. However, the IgE response of rigorously T cell-depleted PBMCs may be further increased by the addition of T cells. Further analysis of the permissive effect of HC on the synthesis of IgE by T cell-depleted PBMCs suggests that HC acts in synergy with IL-4 to trigger the activation and the differentiation of B cells into IgE-producing cells.
A guide to dressing selection (1997)

An update on the characteristics of different types of chronic wounds and the wound-related criteria for selecting the appropriate types of dressing.
Mutations Which Impede Loop/Sheet Polymerization Enhance the Secretion of Human α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Variants (1995)

alpha 1-Antitrypsin plasma deficiency variants which form hepatic inclusion bodies within the endoplasmic pathway include the common Z variant (Glu342-->Lys) and the rarer alpha 1-antitrypsin Siiyama (Ser53-->Phe). It has been proposed that retention of both abnormal proteins is accompanied by a common mechanism of loop-sheet polymerization with the insertion of the reactive center loop of one molecule into a beta-pleated sheet of another. We have compared the biosynthesis, glycosylation, and secretion of normal, Z and Siiyama variants of alpha 1-antitrypsin using Xenopus oocytes. Siiyama and Z alpha 1-antitrypsin both duplicated the secretory defect seen in hepatocytes that results in decreased plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin levels. Digestion with endoglycosidase H localized both variants to a pre-Golgi compartment. The mutation Phe51-->Leu abolished completely the intracellular blockage of Siiyama alpha 1-antitrypsin and reduced significantly the retention of Z alpha 1-antitrypsin. The secretory properties of M and Z alpha 1-antitrypsin variants containing amino acid substitutions designed to decrease loop mobility and sheet insertion were investigated. A reduction in intracellular levels of Z alpha 1-antitrypsin was achieved with the replacement of P11/12 alanines by valines. Thus a decrease in Z and Siiyama alpha 1-antitrypsin retention was observed with mutations which either closed the A sheet or decreased loop mobility at the loop hinge region.
Barcoding bacterial cells: a SERS‐based methodology for pathogen identification (2008)

A principal component analysis (PCA) based on the sign of the second derivative of the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) spectrum obtained on in-situ grown Au cluster covered SiO(2) substrates results in improved reproducibility and enhanced specificity for bacterial diagnostics. The barcode generated clustering results are systematically compared to those obtained from corresponding spectral intensities, first derivatives and second derivatives for the SERS spectra of closely related cereus group Bacillus strains. PCA plots and corresponding hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) dendrograms illustrate the improved bacterial identification resulting from the barcode spectral data reduction. Supervised DFA plots result in slightly improved group separation but show more susceptibility to false positive classifications than the corresponding PCA contours. In addition, this PCA treatment is used to highlight the enhanced bacterial species specificity observed for SERS as compared to normal bulk (non-SERS) Raman spectra. The identification algorithm described here is critical for the development of SERS microscopy as a rapid, reagentless, portable diagnostic of bacterial pathogens.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RICE RESIDUES AS AFFECTED BY VARIETY AND CLIMATIC AND CULTIVATION ONDITIONS IN THREE CONTINENTS (2012)

Rice husk and straw are by-products of rice cultivation and processing industry and can be used as an energy source. Proper understanding of the physical properties of rice residues is necessary for utilizing them in thermochemical conversion processes such as gasification and combustion. The physical properties (moisture content, particle size, bulk density and porosity) of rice husks and straws obtained from three countries (Egypt, Cuba and China) were evaluated in this study. The moisture contents of rice husks and straws were in the ranges of 4.60-6.07% and 6.58-6.92%, respectively. For all rice varieties tested, the moisture content of the straws was higher than these of the husks. The particle sizes of rice husks and straws were in the ranges of 0.212-0.850 mm and 0-0.710 mm, respectively. All the rice husk varieties had a normal distribution of particle size around the main value of 0.6 mm while the particle size distribution for the rice straws showed a decreasing trend, the larger the particle size the higher was the weight percentage. The bulk density of rice husks and straws were in the ranges of 331.59-380.54 kg m -3 and 162. .48 kg m -3 , respectively. The bulk density values of rice straws were lower than those of rice husks. A negative linear relationship between the bulk density and the average particle size was observed for rice husks and straws. The porosity of rice husks and straws were in the ranges of 63.64-68.94% and 71.21-85.28%, respectively. A positive linear relationship between the porosity and the average particle size was observed for rice husks and straws. Also, a negative linear relationship between the porosity and the bulk density was observed. The results obtained from this study showed significant differences in the physical properties of the rice husks and straws collected from different countries (located in three different continents). These differences may be due to variations in climatic conditions, soil type, methods of cultivation and type of fertilizer used. The results also indicated that different parts of rice plant (straw and husk) had different physical properties. Also, significant differences were observed among rice varieties even though they were grown under the same climatic conditions using same soil type and cultivation method as in the case of the long and short grain rice variety of Egypt.
Study of the Efficient Usage of the TV Frequency Band. (1993)

This paper describes a method of estimating the service area of a TV broadcast, using the height of the land and the database of the TV broadcasting station.