gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework for effective algorithm visualization using animation-embedded hypermedia (1999)

Abstract : If a picture is worth a thousand words, then why have attempts over the past decade to use pictures and animations to replace or supplement traditional instructional methods for teaching algorithms produced such disappointing results? Numerous studies and experiments have been conducted to show that pictures and animations can improve learning of challenging, abstract concepts like mathematical proofs and the algorithms used in computer science. While the pictures and animations seem to be enthusiastically received by the students, none of the studies have produced results that show consistently and conclusively that these visual tools actually improve learning. In fact, the accumulated empirical evidence is mixed at best, and could easily lead one to abandon the premise that animations are powerful vehicles for effectively conveying the dynamic behaviors of algorithms. However, this dissertation reports on research based on the premise that a rethinking of algorithm animation design is required in order to harness its power to enhance learning. Research reported here explores the integration of previous work in algorithm animation systems with recent developments in the cognitive and educational domains to produce a new model for using software visualizations to improve student comprehension. The model is based on focused learning objectives that drive a top-down design that carefully divides abstract concepts into discrete chunks for learning. The model takes a user-centered (what do we need to show) view rather than a designer-centered (what can we show) view, and employs hypermedia and multimodal presentation techniques to improve learning effectiveness. The key insights are that for algorithm animations to be effective, (1) they should be introduced using interactive analogies and real-world examples that serve a priming role for subsequent learning.
Outcome of Renal Insufficiency Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (2008)

Renal insufficiency (RI) is a prognostic marker in patients with cardiovascular disease. In this study, the latest standard of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculation, that is the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) study equation, is used to measure the difference in the outcome of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in various GFR groups. Between 2000 and 2005, 1,055 patients underwent CABG surgery and were categorized into 5 groups according to the National Kidney Foundation guidelines: stage 1 = normal renal function; stage 2 = mild RI; stage 3 = moderate RI; stage 4 = severe RI; stage 5 = end-stage renal failure (excluded). Precautions were taken in RI patients to avoid perioperative hypotension, fluid overload and limited cardioplegia; cardiopulmonary bypass time was kept at a minimum by performing an essential number of grafts only. Thirty-day mortality occurred in 5 of 1,052 patients (0.48%) with no statistical difference in stages 1-4. There was increase in bleed requiring reoperation and total complications from stages 1 to 4, but it was not statistically significant. Preoperative renal dysfunction in CABG surgery patients is an important predictor of outcome. Patients undergoing CABG surgery can have acceptable results without significant increase in complications and mortality provided that risk factors are minimized perioperatively.
Testing of x-ray microtomography systems using a traceable geometrical standard (2009)

X-ray computed microtomography is an interesting imaging technique for many applications, and is also very promising in the field of coordinate metrology at the micro scale. The main advantage with respect to traditional tactile-probing or optical coordinate measurement systems is that x-ray tomography can acquire dimensional and geometrical data for both inner and outer surfaces, without accessibility restrictions. However, there are no accepted test procedures available so far and measurement uncertainty is unknown in many cases, due to complex and numerous error sources. The paper presents the first results of a test procedure implemented for determining the errors of indication for length measurements of x-ray microtomography systems, using a new reference standard featuring a regular array of inner and outer cylindrical shapes. The developed test method allows the determination of specific characteristics of x-ray microtomography systems and can be used for the correction of systematic errors.
Identification of a new reovirus causing substantial losses in broiler production in France, despite routine vaccination of breeders (2013)

Numerous cases of tenosynovitis appeared in France causing high morbidity in free-range and standard broilers. The main clinical findings were lameness, stunting and non-uniform bodyweights. Although the natural mortality was low, the economic losses due to birds that had to be removed from the flock prematurely, downgrading of carcases and lower average weights at slaughter were substantial. Postmortem examinations, bacteriological, virological and serological examination confirmed the aetiology of avian orthoreovirus (ARV)-induced tenosynovitis. The isolated ARVs were analysed serologically and genetically. Sequencing of σC RT-PCR products and phylogenetic analysis revealed a new type of ARV. The virus was not neutralised in serum neutralisation test using monovalent sera from vaccinated chickens. Together with the flock data, epidemiology of these recent reovirus outbreaks in France was reconstructed. It is concluded that these reovirus isolates differ serologically and genetically from the well described reovirus isolates used in commercial vaccines which were not capable of preventing the disease. The outbreaks resulted in substantial losses in broilers from vaccinated breeders.
Evi-1 raises AP-1 activity and stimulates c-fos promoter transactivation with dependence on the second zinc finger domain. (1994)

Evi-1 is a gene, encoding a zinc finger protein, associated with a common viral integration site in murine leukemias. It is suggested that Evi-1 plays important roles in embryogenesis and transformation of myeloid cells. To elucidate mechanisms by which Evi-1 induces such biological effects, we analyzed the relationship between Evi-1 and AP-1 which could regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation. When Evi-1 was expressed, transactivation through a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-responsive element was observed in NIH3T3 and P19 cells. Evi-1-transfected P19 cells showed some differentiated phenotypes and increased expression of endogenous c-Jun and c-Fos. These results indicate that Evi-1 raises AP-1 activity. Evi-1 caused stimulation of the c-fos promoter transactivation, which seems to be a main mechanism of AP-1 activation, through at least two portions of the promoter. Evi-1 has the first zinc finger domain at the N terminus and the second zinc finger domain near the C-terminus. We constructed deletion mutants of Evi-1 and investigated the functions of these domains. It was shown that the second zinc finger domain is essential for the activation of AP-1 and transactivation of the c-fos promoter.
An improved method for evaluating detergent builders for water hardness control (1987)

Abstract Commercial detergent additives to control water hardness may act through sequestration, crystal growth inhibition, precipitation, or ion exchange. These builders lower the free hardness (Ca ++ , Mg ++ concentration by different mechanisms. A full factorially designed experiment has been developed to evaluate builders functioning by the sequestration or crystal growth inhibition of calcium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide. The builder's performance is determined by its ability to prevent precipitation while in the presence of carbonate and hardness ions. The tests are based on incubation followed by filtration and determination of calcium and magnesium in the filtrate by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Variables in the design include builder concentration, temperature, pH and time. Regression equations and response surfaces for tripolyphosphate and several polyacrylates and phosphonates are included.
<i>rfb</i> Mutations in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Do Not Affect Surface Production of Toxin-Coregulated Pili but Still Inhibit Intestinal Colonization (1999)

The toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) of Vibrio cholerae is essential for colonization. It was recently reported that rfb mutations in V. cholerae 569B cause the translocation arrest of the structural subunit of TCP, raising the possibility that the colonization defects of lipopolysaccharide mutants are due to effects on TCP biogenesis. However, an rfbB gene disruption in either V. cholerae O395 or 569B has no apparent effect on surface TCP production as assessed by immunoelectron microscopy and CTX phage transduction, and an rfbD::Tn5lac mutant of O395 also shows no defect in TCP expression. We conclude that the colonization defect associated with rfb mutations is unrelated to defects in TCP assembly.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α regulates postischemic liver injury (2004)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) is a transcription factor that in some in vitro systems has been linked with downregulation of proinflammatory mediators, thus implicating a potential role for PPARalpha in the regulation of inflammatory processes. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is characterized by an intense acute inflammatory response that is dependent on a number of proinflammatory mediators. PPARalpha is abundantly expressed in hepatic parenchymal cells but not in Kupffer cells. This study examined whether PPARalpha is involved in regulation of the hepatic inflammatory response to ischemia-reperfusion. Mice nullizygous for PPARalpha had significantly greater liver injury than did their wild-type counterparts. Consistent with these findings, C57BL/6 mice treated with the PPARalpha agonist, WY-14643, had significantly less liver injury than mice receiving vehicle. PPARalpha-knockout mice also had greatly augmented liver neutrophil accumulation and modest increases in activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and activator protein-1. However, these effects were not associated with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines. In addition, PPARalpha-knockout mice expressed far less inducible nitric oxide synthase in liver than did wild-type mice after ischemia-reperfusion. Finally, treatment of cultured murine hepatocytes with WY-14643, a specific agonist of PPARalpha, protected cells against oxidant-induced injury. The data suggest that PPARalpha is an important regulator of the hepatic inflammatory response to ischemia-reperfusion in a manner that is independent of proinflammatory cytokines.
Temperature-dependent electroluminescence from (Eu, Gd) coordination complexes (1997)

Light emission from single-layered electroluminescent devices is described in which (Eu, Gd) coordination complexes, (Eu0.1Gd0.9)(TTA)3(TPPO)2, and electron transport material oxadiazole derivative, 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-t-butylphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, are dispersed in a hole-transporting host polymer poly(N-vinylcarbazole) film. The color of the emitted electroluminescence changes smoothly from green-white to red with temperature varying from 77 to 300 K. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of temperature dependent yields of phosphorescence from the triplet state of the Gd and Eu chelates and the intermolecular energy transfer from Gd-chelate to Eu-chelate cages.
Kinetic and spectroscopic studies of the hydrolysis of bis (2,4‐dinitrophenyl ether)s of poly (ethylene glycol) (1995)

Abstract Bis(2,4‐dinitrophenyl ether)s of the water‐soluble polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are low‐loading models for time‐release herbicide systems and may potentially hydrolyse in basic aqueous media according to a mechanistic menu that includes elimination, aliphatic and/or aromatic displacement, as well as anchimerically assisted displacement involving O‐6 of the plyether backbone. This paper study reports kinetic (second‐order rate constnts, k 2 , and activation parameters) and 1 H (400 MHz) NMR results (monitoring of the reaction in DMSO‐ d 6 and D 2 O) for the alkaline hydrolysis of a series of these ethers (DNPEGs). DNPEGs with varying average molecular weights (MW) of the polymer backbone (DNPEG‐59, ‐1900 and ‐3200, where the numbers refer to the PEG MW) were studied, as were DNPEGs that differed only in the degree of end‐group substitution, namely DNPEG‐1900‐59 and ‐81 (where the final numbers refer to the percentage substitution). The 1 H NMR studies show significant aryl ring hydrogen–deuterium exchange in the hydroxide–DMSO‐ d 6 and hydroxide–D 2 O systems examined, as well as a poly(ethylene glycol) alkoxide (PEG‐O − ) C‐1 adduct in DMSO‐ d 6 ; the PEG‐O − is displaced in an S N Ar fashion from DNPEG as a result of initial hydroxide attack at C‐1 of DNPEG. The kinetic and spectroscopic results are discussed in the context of previous kinetic studies of alkaline hydrolysis of alkyl 2,4‐dinitrophenyl ethers, recent 1 H NMR spectroscopic studies of electron‐deficient aryl ethers and the mechanism of hydrolysis in the DNPEG systems. The possible significance of these results for the development of time‐release herbicide systems is cosidered briefly.
Transplantation of human neural stem cells transduced with Olig2 transcription factor improves locomotor recovery and enhances myelination in the white matter of rat spinal cord following contusive injury (2009)

Transplantation of NSCs genetically modified to differentiate into an oligodendrocytic lineage may be an effective strategy to improve functional outcomes following spinal cord trauma. The present study suggests that molecular factors governing cell fate decisions can be manipulated to enhance reparative potential of the cell-based therapy.
Bidirectional rod antenna composed of narrow patches (2002)

A collinear antenna, which is a familiar rod antenna, is widely used because of its inconspicuous shape. The radiation pattern of such an antenna in the H-plane is omni-directional. Its gain can be increased by using linear arrays. However, the gain is not proportional to the number of elements because the loss of the feeding network increases. Gain is more effectively increased by creating a directional pattern in the H-plane than by increasing element number. The bidirectional narrow patch antenna (BNPA), which has narrow patches on both sides of a narrow dielectric substrate fed by a parallel strip line, is a bidirectional antenna in the H-plane. This is easily fabricated by printing patches and the feeding network on a substrate, and this can form the bidirectional rod array antenna (BIRA) by orienting several BNPAs in the E-plane. However, BNPAs with a thin substrates have low radiation efficiency. The paper first clarifies the dependency of a BNPA's radiation efficiency on the thickness of the dielectric substrate by the FDTD method. In order to improve the radiation efficiency, the authors add two opposing parasitic patches to a BNPA to form the BNPA-P. It is shown that a BIRA formed with several BNPA-Ps has higher gain than a collinear antenna of the same length.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure and bonding in photodiffused amorphous Ag-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">GeSe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>thin films (1988)

Grazing-incidence x-ray scattering (GIXS) techniques have been used to study the local and intermediate-range order in photodiffused amorphous Ag-${\mathrm{GeSe}}_{2}$ thin films and a variety of Ag-Ge-Se alloys. Using synchrotron-radiation sources, the GIXS technique can be used in conjunction with radial-distribution-function analysis, differential anomalous x-ray scattering, and differential distribution-function analysis to study the structure of very thin amorphous films. With these techniques, we have determined that the local atomic structure of Ag-${\mathrm{GeSe}}_{2}$ films satisfies a model where Se-Ag dative bonds are formed, one Se-Ag covalent bond is formed for each Ag atom added (below a critical composition), and Ge-Ge bonds are created as Ag is added. This last result significantly modifies the intermediate-range order in this system.
Fast Virtual Fractional Flow Reserve Based Upon Steady-State Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis (2017)

Fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous intervention is superior to standard assessment but remains underused. The authors have developed a novel "pseudotransient" analysis protocol for computing virtual fractional flow reserve (vFFR) based upon angiographic images and steady-state computational fluid dynamics. This protocol generates vFFR results in 189 s (cf >24 h for transient analysis) using a desktop PC, with <1% error relative to that of full-transient computational fluid dynamics analysis. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that physiological lesion significance was influenced less by coronary or lesion anatomy (33%) and more by microvascular physiology (59%). If coronary microvascular resistance can be estimated, vFFR can be accurately computed in less time than it takes to make invasive measurements.
Fertilization Triggers Oscillatory Changes in Velocity of Cytoplasmic Movements in a Mouse Egg. (2009)

In mammals fertilization is necessary for a proper embryonic development. A fertilizing spermatozoon provides not only paternal DNA, but also phospholipase C zeta, an enzyme that triggers oscillations of cytoplasmic concentration of free Ca2+ ions ([Ca2+]i). [Ca2+]i oscillations lead to completion of the second meiotic division and onset of interphase of the first embryonic cell cycle. Moreover, they are indicated to regulate pre- and postimplantation development of an embryo. Activation of embryonic development is also associated with reorganization of cytoskeleton, relocation of organelles, and changes in the cell shape. Here we show that fertilization leads to a drastic change in a motility of cytoplasmic components in a mouse egg. Whereas cytoplasmic movements in MII unfertilized eggs have a constant velocity, in fertilized eggs their velocity changes in an oscillatory way. Interestingly, oscillations of the cytoplasmic velocity correlate accurately with and depend on fertilization-induced [Ca2+]i transients. It also appears that these cytoplasmic movements are actin and myosin dependent. We are currently examining whether the pattern of such cytoplasmic movements might provide a non-invasive tool for assessing developmental potential of embryos. This work was sponsored by a Wellcome Trust grant no. PRZM/020 RG54749. (platform)
Automated system for measurement and characterization of planar active arrays (2010)

This work has been focused to describe the development and implementation of an automated system for measurement and characterization of planar active arrays. This automated system is capable of reducing time and operative cost and it is based on multilayer hardware architecture and the control software. The motivation of this work is the calibration of one triangular active array panel of the Geodesic Antenna Array GEODA. The measurements and characterization are complicated and multipart tasks in the design, development and calibration of active antenna arrays. In this paper an automated system is presented supported by measurements and characterization of one planar active array.
On the Optical Purity of Peptide Active Esters Prepared by N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and “Complexes” of N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-Pentachlorophenol and N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-Pentafluorophenol (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Optical Purity of Peptide Active Esters Prepared by N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and "Complexes" of N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-Pentachlorophenol and N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-PentafluorophenolJ. Kovacs, L. Kisfaludy, and M. Q. CepriniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 1, 183–184Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00977a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00977a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views617Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrogen peroxide-induced increase in endothelial adhesiveness is dependent on ICAM-1 activation (1993)

Reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) generated by phagocytes promote human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC). We determined the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a phagocyte-derived ROS, on EC adhesiveness by determining steady-state intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) mRNA and ICAM-1 protein expression. The adhesion of PMN to H2O2-treated EC was concentration dependent with maximal adhesion achieved at 0.1 mM H2O2. PMN adhesion occurred rapidly, reaching its maximum value within a 1-h treatment time. The PMN adhesion was dependent on the interaction between CD11/CD18 integrins on PMN and ICAM-1 on EC, since either anti-CD18 or anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) inhibited (by > 90%) the adhesive interaction between PMN and EC. In parallel with the increases in EC adhesivity, we detected a two- to threefold increase in EC surface expression of ICAM-1 between 0.5 and 1 h after H2O2 challenge. Northern analysis revealed an increase in the steady-state ICAM-1 mRNA signal within 0.5 h after H2O2 exposure, and the response was sustained up to 2 h. Inhibition of intracellular catalase in H2O2-treated EC by 3-amino-1,2,3-triazole augmented the PMN adhesion by 20%, whereas enhancement of EC H2O2-scavenging activity by addition of catalase abrogated the H2O2-induced PMN adhesion, indicating that oxidant-antioxidant balance at the EC interface is a critical factor modulating PMN-EC adhesive interactions. The results suggest that H2O2-induced PMN adhesion is dependent on the rapid induction of the ICAM-1 mRNA signal and the surface expression of ICAM-1 on EC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)