gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy: Long-Term Results in 166 Eyes (1993)

One hundred sixty-six eyes with corneal disease were treated with the excimer laser in order to ablate opacities, irregularities, or to improve wound healing. Postoperative follow up time was 15 months (range 6 to 28 months). An individual goal was set for each patient and 84% achieved the goal. The visual acuity change is given for each subgroup. Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) was shown to be an advantageous surgical method, where the success is in the careful preoperative evaluation. One problem with the technique is the induced hyperopia.
PLASMA EXCHANGE FOR PLATELET ALLOIMMUNIZATION (1986)

We studied the effectiveness of plasma exchange for reversing antiplatelet alloimmunization in 18 patients undergoing marrow transplantation. Patients received one-to-three daily exchanges. Most exchanges occurred during the pretransplant conditioning phase. Overall, eleven of 18 patients had a beneficial response to plasma exchange, defined as an improvement in post-platelet-transfusion increments. More patients responded who had received two or more exchanges. Patients who had lymphocytotoxic antibodies pretransplant were more likely to benefit from the exchange. Our results show that plasma exchange may improve the posttransfusion platelet increments in alloimmunized patients undergoing marrow transplant.
The Interaction between Nesprins and Sun Proteins at the Nuclear Envelope Is Critical for Force Transmission between the Nucleus and Cytoskeleton (2011)

Maintaining physical connections between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton is important for many cellular processes that require coordinated movement and positioning of the nucleus. Nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling is also necessary to transmit extracellular mechanical stimuli across the cytoskeleton to the nucleus, where they may initiate mechanotransduction events. The LINC (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex, formed by the interaction of nesprins and SUN proteins at the nuclear envelope, can bind to nuclear and cytoskeletal elements; however, its functional importance in transmitting intracellular forces has never been directly tested. This question is particularly relevant since recent findings have linked nesprin mutations to muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Using biophysical assays to assess intracellular force transmission and associated cellular functions, we identified the LINC complex as a critical component for nucleo-cytoskeletal force transmission. Disruption of the LINC complex caused impaired propagation of intracellular forces and disturbed organization of the perinuclear actin and intermediate filament networks. Although mechanically induced activation of mechanosensitive genes was normal (suggesting that nuclear deformation is not required for mechanotransduction signaling) cells exhibited other severe functional defects after LINC complex disruption; nuclear positioning and cell polarization were impaired in migrating cells and in cells plated on micropatterned substrates, and cell migration speed and persistence time were significantly reduced. Taken together, our findings suggest that the LINC complex is critical for nucleo-cytoskeletal force transmission and that LINC complex disruption can result in defects in cellular structure and function that may contribute to the development of muscular dystrophies and cardiomyopathies.
Modeling and performance analysis of device discovery in Bluetooth Low Energy networks (2012)

Bluetooth Low Energy (BT LE) is a low power air interface technology recently released by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (BT SIG). As a promising radio, BT LE realizes many designing features to fulfill foreseeable requirements of short range communication, such as fast device discovery, power-saving transmitting, encryption and authentication, etc. In this paper, we focus on the modeling and performance analyzing of the device discovery process in BT LE networks. A general model for device discovery on multi-channel is proposed primarily, which is then tailored and simplified for the BT LE case, where three broadcasting channels are used. Via theoretical analysis, our study reveals that some potential pitfalls are residing in the current version of BT LE specification, i.e. improper parameter settings can significantly deteriorate the device discovery latency and increase meaningless energy consumption. We accordingly propose several strategies seeking ways to tackle the problem. The results of extensive simulation show that our strategies can largely reduce undesirable latency and effectively improve the efficiency of device discovery in BT LE networks.
Tunable thulium-doped all-fiber laser (1998)

We demonstrate a tunable thulium-doped fiber ring laser wherein a single fused coupler acts simultaneously as the wavelength-division multiplexing for pump radiation, a lasing wavelength selective element, and output mirror. Temperature tuning of up to 2 nm//spl deg/C over a range of 40 nm and polarization tuning of over 100 nm within the spectral range from 1810 to 1930 nm have been obtained.
Probabilistic Metric Spaces (1983)

Topics include special classes of probabilistic metric spaces, topologies, and several related structures, such as probabilistic normed and inner-product spaces. 1983 edition, updated with 3 new appendixes. Includes 17 illustrations.
Fabrication and performance of AlGaAs-GaAs distributed Bragg reflector lasers and distributed feedback lasers utilizing first-order diffraction gratings formed by a periodic groove structure (1999)

Distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers and distributed feedback (DFB) lasers utilizing diffraction grating formed by deeply etched periodic grooves were fabricated on an InGaAs-GaAs-strained quantum-well active wafer without using a regrowth process. The first-order grooved grating that had a 150-nm period and 800-nm depth was etched from the top surface into the cladding layer on the wafer using electron beam lithography and a reactive beam etching with a mixture of Br/sub 2/ and N/sub 2/ gas. The dependence of optical properties on the structure of the grooved grating is discussed in terms of an evaluation of the coupling coefficient. The fabricated DBR and DFB lasers exhibit single-longitudinal mode oscillation with output powers of 20 mW (DBR) and 10 mW (DFB) in the measured temperature range between 15/spl deg/C-55/spl deg/C. The characteristic temperature T/sub 0/ for the threshold current is about 120 K. The slope efficiency is held constant in the measured temperature range. The performance of these DBR and DFB lasers demonstrates that the use of the grooved grating provides wavelength-stabilized lasers with a simple fabrication process.
Bits of Personality Everywhere: Implicit User-Generated Content in the Age of Ambient Media (2008)

This article approaches the way how to think about collaboration with pervasive technology in a new way. It introduces ambient media as new form of media, where the media as such is linked to physical worlds, and smartly aggregated rather than generated with a push or pull model. Collaboration between human man and technology becomes a issue of collaboration, rather than a question of human-computer interaction. As far user contributed content was mostly seen as process, where consumers contribute to online Web forums or create their own videos and upload it to YouTube. The user actively contributes and collaborates to create the content of the media. However, pervasive technology enables much more: pervasive technology allows implicit collaboration, thus the collection of consumer data passively and aggregate the content of the media. One example is the open source platform Portable Personality (P2), whose goal is to generate a personality profile of the implicit collected contextual information. P2 will offer the possibility of personality profiles, rather than simple usage history information or sensor data input. Within the context of this article, the notion of ambient media is introduced. As a practical example to underline the new way of thinking about media, P2 is introduced and the underlying principles explained.
Free‐Standing 3 D Supramolecular Hybrid Particle Structures (2008)

Make a stand: The formation of stable and ordered free-standing particle bridges and hollow capsule structures with controllable sizes and geometries is demonstrated by combining the directed assembly of submicrometer particles, transfer printing, and supramolecular layer-by-layer assembly. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Adaptive power management for wireless base stations in a smart grid environment (2012)

The growing concerns of a global environmental change leads to a revolution in the way energy is utilized. In the wireless industry, green wireless communications has recently gained increasing attention and is expected to play a major role in the reduction of electrical power consumption. Actions to promote energy saving of wireless communications with regard to environmental protection are becoming imperative. To this purpose, we study a green communications system model where a wireless base station is provisioned with a combination of a renewable power source and the electrical grid to minimize the cost of power consumption as well as meet the users' demand. More specifically, we focus on adaptive power management for a wireless base station under various uncertainties, including renewable power generation, power price, and wireless traffic load. We believe that demand-side power management solutions based on the studied communication architecture is a major step toward green wireless communications.
Influence of composition and heat-treatment on the charge transport properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester blends (2005)

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blends have been demonstrated to form highly efficient polymer photovoltaic devices. In this letter, the time-of-flight technique is used to investigate the influence of composition and heat treatment on charge transport properties of P3HT and PCBM blends. The transport of electrons and holes both display a transition from dispersive to nondispersive and return to dispersive again as the percentage of PCBM increases. A balanced mobility of both electron and hole is obtained at a composition of 1:1 weight ratio, and it is nearly independent of the electrical field in the range of our test. The increase in carrier mobility is attributed to the formation of a more-ordered structure in the blend. This structural ordering is further enhanced by slowly evaporating the solvent during film formation which results in additional increase in carrier mobility. However, no such effect is observed in thick films (∼200nm), indicating the presence of such high-degree ordering due to heat treatment.
Synthesis of compounds with juvenile hormone activity, XXVIII. Synthesis of (−)‐juvenile hormone I, the antipode of the natural compound (1990)

Abstract The synthesis of the unnatural (10 S ,11 R )‐(−)‐juvenile hormone I [(−)‐JH I, (−)‐ 1 ] is described.
A 2-18 GHz non-blocking active 2*2 switch (2003)

A novel, nonblocking active 2*2 switch composed of distributed-amplifier-based splitters and combiners has been developed. The distributed amplifier architecture yields a broadband, compact, nonblocking switch that has greater than 0 dB insertion gain from 2 to 18 GHz. The conventional approach to nonblocking switching requires considerably higher circuit complexity and size to achieve the same level of performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Zones of Depth Hoar Development (1982)

Formation of faceted ice crystals, known as depth hoar, which develop in a snowpack subjected to large temperature gradients are examined. Snow temperature and temperature gradient profiles are generated by use of a heat conduction based on snow density and temperature. The magnitude of the temperature gradient tends to increase as the snow surface is approached, with local minimums through high density snow layers and local maximums
PKA-mediated phosphorylation regulates the function of activation-induced deaminase (AID) in B cells (2005)

During humoral immune responses, two distinct genetic modification events diversify the Ig genes in germinal center (GC) B cells: somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination (CSR). Both processes require the activity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), an enzyme expressed specifically in GC B cells. However, the mechanisms that regulate AID activity are largely unknown. Here we report that protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates AID and regulates its activity in GC B cells. AID physically interacts with the PKA holoenzyme in the cytoplasm and is phosphorylated by the PKA catalytic subunit at specific residues. AID phosphorylation is required for CSR, because substitution of the two phosphorylation targets impairs its ability to rescue CSR in AID-deficient B cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of PKA prevents isotype class switching in a murine B-cell lymphoma cell line; conversely, B cells from mice where PKA activity is made constitutive by conditional deletion of the PKA regulatory subunit gene display enhanced CSR. These findings implicate PKA in the regulation of AID function and suggest that the control of T cell-dependent immune responses may be modulated, via AID, by signals that activate PKA.
A NOVEL SCANNING SCHEME FORDIRECTIONAL SPATIAL PREDICTIONOF AVS INTRA CODING (2013)

Transform coefficient scan is an important procedure of video coding. In video coding standards such as MPEG2, MPEG4, H.264/AVC and AVS, there are zigzag scan for frame coding and field scan for field coding. In this paper, a novel scanning scheme (Z-Scan) of AVS for intra-prediction coding is proposed. In traditional zigzag scanning the fixed scan pattern is used, which has designed to organize quantized transform coefficients in order to bring the high-frequency components as more as possible, so that the coefficients can be encoded more efficiently using the entropy encoding. However, zigzag scan cannot efficiently organize the transform coefficients due to different residual energy distribution produced by different intra prediction. To resolve this problem, in this paper, we propose a new zscan scheme to further improve intra coding efficiency for the AVS standard. In this method, traditional zigzag scan, horizontal z-scan, and vertical z-scan are used depending on the spatial prediction directions. It is relatively easy to implement our z-scan scheme into AVS codec without changing the syntax. Experimental results demonstrate that the z-scan scheme can remarkably reduce bitrates by approximately 2.1% compared with AVS codec using zigzag scan, while the PSNR of video sequences are maintained. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive coefficient scanning scheme can achieve significant compression improvement.
Reconfigurable Receiver Approach-for 4G Terminals and Beyond (2005)

An overview on RF-front-end architectures and technologies for future reconfigurable mobile communication systems (4G-systems) is given. Favourable standard combinations are WCDMA and WLAN. RF front-end key components like low noise amplifiers, mixers, synthesizers and baseband variable gain amplifiers are treated, particularly with regard to reconfigurable systems.
A simple approach to the pricing of Bermudan swaptions in the multifactor LIBOR market model (2000)

This paper considers the pricing of Bermuda-style swaptions in the LIBOR market model and its extensions. Application of lattice methods to this model class is generally not feasible because of the large number of state variables, so instead a simple technique to incorporate early exercise features into the Monte Carlo method is considered. The approach here involves a direct search for an early exercise boundary parametrized in intrinsic value and the values of still-alive swaptions. The results of the proposed algorithm are compared against prices obtained from Markov chain approximations, nonrecombining trees, and finite difference methods. The proposed algorithm is fast and robust, and produces a lower bound on Bermudan swaption prices that appears to be very tight for many realistic structures. The paper contains several numerical results against which other methods can be tested.
Novel thermal microactuator based on CVD-diamond films (2002)

Thermal microactuators offer a large potential for technical applications such as inkjet print heads, micro drop valves, micro pumps or chemical micro reactors. However, the enormous mechanical and thermal stress limits the device reliability and efficiency. In order to overcome complex technologies and reliability problems, we present the first thermal diamond microactuator, enabling superheating of various liquids, highly reproducible drop ejection with high reliability and a fabrication technology of low complexity.
Footstep Planning for Slippery and Slanted Terrain Using Human-Inspired Models (2016)

Energy efficiency and robustness of locomotion to different terrain conditions are important problems for humanoid robots deployed in the real world. In this paper, we propose a footstep-planning algorithm for humanoids that is applicable to flat, slanted, and slippery terrain, which uses simple principles and representations gathered from human gait literature. The planner optimizes a center-of-mass (COM) mechanical work model subject to motion feasibility and ground friction constraints using a hybrid A* search and optimization approach. Footstep placements and orientations are discrete states searched with an A* algorithm, while other relevant parameters are computed through continuous optimization on state transitions. These parameters are also inspired by human gait literature and include footstep timing (double-support and swing time) and parameterized COM motion using knee flexion angle keypoints. The planner relies on work, the required coefficient of friction (RCOF), and feasibility models that we estimate in a physics simulation. We show through simulation experiments that the proposed planner leads to both low electrical energy consumption and human-like motion on a variety of scenarios. Using the planner, the robot automatically opts between avoiding or (slowly) traversing slippery patches depending on their size and friction, and it chooses energy-optimal stairs and climbing angles in slopes. The obtained motion is also consistent with observations found in human gait literature, such as human-like changes in RCOF, step length and double-support time on slippery terrain, and human-like curved walking on steep slopes. Finally, we compare COM work minimization with other choices of the objective function.
Design of efficient navigation message format for UAV pseudolite navigation system (2008)

This paper presents an efficient method of designing an appropriate navigation message format for an airborne pseudolite navigation system using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms. We briefly describe the concept of the UAV pseudolite system, which can be used as a GPS augmentation system or a local navigation system. Because the motion of UAVs is very variable, a special format is necessary for UAV navigation messages. Our approach is based on specialized message formats for each motion of the UAV, including both line and circle tracking, and the separation of nominal values and deviations. It can reduce the total size of the message and diminish the latency problem. The space saved by the smaller messages can be used for the other useful messages. To verify the proposed message format, we analyzed logged data from UAV flight tests. Although the UAV we used is an experimental vehicle with a limited control system using a single antenna GPS receiver, the overall performance was consistent with current satellite-based systems. The proposed message formats and the related design method will be capable of extension for an airship-based system or a balloon-based system.
Effect of exercise intensity and volume on persistence of insulin sensitivity during training cessation (2009)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise prescriptions differing in volume or intensity also differ in their ability to retain insulin sensitivity during an ensuing period of training cessation. Sedentary, overweight/obese subjects were assigned to one of three 8-mo exercise programs: 1) low volume/moderate intensity [equivalent of approximately 12 miles/wk, 1,200 kcal/wk at 40-55% peak O(2) consumption (Vo(2peak)), 200 min exercise/wk], 2) low volume/vigorous intensity ( approximately 12 miles/wk, 1,200 kcal/wk at 65-80% Vo(2peak), 125 min/wk), and 3) high volume/vigorous intensity ( approximately 20 miles/wk, 2,000 kcal/wk at 65-80% Vo(2peak), 200 min/wk). Insulin sensitivity (intravenous glucose tolerance test, S(I)) was measured when subjects were sedentary and at 16-24 h and 15 days after the final training bout. S(I) increased with training compared with the sedentary condition (P < or = 0.05) at 16-24 h with all of the exercise prescriptions. S(I) decreased to sedentary, pretraining values after 15 days of training cessation in the low-volume/vigorous-intensity group. In contrast, at 15 days S(I) was significantly elevated compared with sedentary (P < or = 0.05) in the prescriptions utilizing 200 min/wk (low volume/moderate intensity, high volume/vigorous intensity). In the high-volume/vigorous-intensity group, indexes of muscle mitochondrial density followed a pattern paralleling insulin action by being elevated at 15 days compared with pretraining; this trend was not evident in the low-volume/moderate-intensity group. These findings suggest that in overweight/obese subjects a relatively chronic persistence of enhanced insulin action may be obtained with endurance-oriented exercise training; this persistence, however, is dependent on the characteristics of the exercise training performed.
Active interrogation using low-energy nuclear reactions (2005)

High-energy photons and neutrons can be used to interrogate for heavily shielded fissile materials inside sealed cargo containers by detecting their prompt and/or delayed fission signatures. The <b>FIND</b> (<b>F</b>issmat <b>I</b>nspection for <b>N</b>uclear <b>D</b>etection) active interrogation system is based on a dual neutron+gamma source that uses low-energy (< 500 keV) proton- or deuteron-induced nuclear reactions to produce high intensities of mono-energetic gamma rays and/or neutrons. The source can be operated in either pulsed (e.g., to detect delayed photofission neutrons and gammas) or continuous (e.g., detecting prompt fission signatures) modes. For the gamma-rays, the source target can be segmented to incorporate different (p,γ) isotopes for producing gamma-rays at selective energies, thereby improving the probability of detection. The design parameters for the FIND system are discussed and preliminary accelerator-based measurements of gamma and neutron yields, background levels, and fission signals for several target materials under consideration are presented.