gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
.gamma.-Radiation-oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: involvement of singlet oxygen (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.gamma.-Radiation-oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: involvement of singlet oxygenRoger L. CloughCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 16, 5242–5245Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00536a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00536a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generating deterministic unordered test patterns with counters (2002)

We study the behavior of counter-based schemes as very low hardware overhead built-in mechanisms for reproducing unordered test patterns. We show that a small number of seeds, each defining a test pattern generation session, can result in an economical design in terms of both time and hardware. We present counter-based schemes with a trade-off on the time and hardware overhead. Experimental results on the ISCAS'85 benchmarks and comparisons with other built-in mechanisms show that the proposed schemes constitute a promising technique for effective built-in deterministic test pattern generation.
A tRNA‐dependent cysteine biosynthesis enzyme recognizes the selenocysteine‐specific tRNA in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2010)

The essential methanogen enzyme Sep-tRNA:Cys-tRNA synthase (SepCysS) converts O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys) (Sep-tRNA(Cys)) into Cys-tRNA(Cys) in the presence of a sulfur donor. Likewise, Sep-tRNA:Sec-tRNA synthase converts O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) (Sep-tRNA(Sec)) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) (Sec-tRNA(Sec)) using a selenium donor. While the Sep moiety of the aminoacyl-tRNA substrates is the same in both reactions, tRNA(Cys) and tRNA(Sec) differ greatly in sequence and structure. In an Escherichia coli genetic approach that tests for formate dehydrogenase activity in the absence of selenium donor we show that Sep-tRNA(Sec) is a substrate for SepCysS. Since Sec and Cys are the only active site amino acids known to sustain FDH activity, we conclude that SepCysS converts Sep-tRNA(Sec) to Cys-tRNA(Sec), and that Sep is crucial for SepCysS recognition.
Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession (1980)

Breastfeeding : A guide for the medical profession , Breastfeeding : A guide for the medical profession , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Tunable Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions by Mononucleotides (2007)

Gold nanoparticles are one of the popular nanomaterials, widely used in biosensor applications as well as nanostructure construction. An essential attribute of these gold nanoparticles (Au-nps) is their stabilization against salt-induced aggregation. In this work, utilization of deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) as a tunable surface-stabilization agent for Au-nps was investigated. It was found that surfaces of Au-nps are covered by a layer of dNTPs after an adequate incubation with dNTPs solutions. Electrostatic repulsion among dNTP-coated Au-nps could prevent aggregation of Au-nps at a high salt concentration. The strength of dNTP-based protection can be manipulated by changing preparation protocols (e.g., incubation temperature, ionic strength, and ratio of Au-nps to dNTPs). Four different types of dNTPs exhibit different binding affinity to Au-nps and thus various stabilization efficiency in the order of dATP > dCTP > dGTP approximately dTTP. Moreover, this salt-induced aggregation can be reinitiated by the increase of solution temperature, which leads to a partial removal of the protective dNTP layer on Au-nps. The advantage of thermally tunable aggregation/dispersion of Au-nps mediated by dNTP adsorption offers a useful approach for the preparation of biomolecule (oligonucleotides and oligopeptides) modified nanoparticles in applications of bioassay and nanobiotechnology.
Functionally graded materials : design, processing and applications (1999)

Contributors. Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. Lessons from Nature. Graded Microstructures. Modeling and Design. The Characterization of Properties. Processing and Fabrication. Applications. Summary and Outlook. Index.
Modularity and community structure in networks (2006)

Many networks of interest in the sciences, including a variety of social and biological networks, are found to divide naturally into communities or modules. The problem of detecting and characterizing this community structure has attracted considerable recent attention. One of the most sensitive detection methods is optimization of the quality function known as "modularity" over the possible divisions of a network, but direct application of this method using, for instance, simulated annealing is computationally costly. Here we show that the modularity can be reformulated in terms of the eigenvectors of a new characteristic matrix for the network, which we call the modularity matrix, and that this reformulation leads to a spectral algorithm for community detection that returns results of better quality than competing methods in noticeably shorter running times. We demonstrate the algorithm with applications to several network data sets.
The Effect of Pelvic Fracture on Mortality After Trauma: An Analysis of 63,000 Trauma Patients (2009)

For the majority of trauma patients, pelvic fracture is significantly associated with a greater risk of mortality. However, pelvic fracture is one variable among many that contribute to mortality risk, and it must be considered in relation to these other variables.
Stealth Liposomes: Five Years On (1992)

Incorporation of polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG-lipid derivatives, or glycolipids, such as monosialoganglioside GM1; into liposomes results in sterically stabilized liposomes which have several advantages over liposome formulations traditionally used in the past, including reduced recognition and uptake by macrophages, extended circulation half-lives, dose-independent pharmacokinetics, and increased uptake in vivo by solid tumours. PEG-lipid derivatives such as PEG-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE) are particularily useful because of their ease of preparation and relative lack of expense. Optimum molecular weight of the PEG headgroup is approximately 2000 daltons and optimum concentration in the bilayer is 5 to 7 mol% of phospholipids. Pegylated liposomes have the additional advantage of allowing.
Effects of free radical generation on mouse pial arterioles: probable role of hydroxyl radicals (1983)

Mouse pial arterioles were exposed to the free radical-generating reactants acetaldehyde and xanthine oxidase. Concentrations of 0.5 mM acetaldehyde and 0.1 U/ml xanthine oxidase caused reversible dilations, whereas higher concentrations produced initial constrictions followed by reversible dilations. The following free radical scavengers inhibited the dilation when added to the lower concentrations of reactants: superoxide dismutase, a superoxide scavenger; catalase, an H2O2 scavenger; and mannitol, a hydroxyl scavenger. In addition, pretreatment of the animal with dimethyl sulfoxide, a hydroxyl scavenger, also inhibited the response. The scavengers were also tested against either the dilation produced by increased inspired CO2 or against the dilation produced by local application of 10(-3) M papaverine. No significant effect was observed. The data support the hypothesis that hydroxyl radicals can dilate pial arterioles, since all the scavengers can ultimately reduce levels of hydroxyl generated by acetaldehyde plus xanthine oxidase.
Colorimetric Carbon Dioxide Detection (1992)

Department of Anesthesiology The University of Texas Medical School 6431 Fannin, MSB 5.020 Houston, TX 77030
Programming Perl (1991)

From the Publisher:
Perl is a powerful programming language that has grown in popularity since it first appeared in 1988. The first edition of this book, Programming Perl, hit the shelves in 1990, and was quickly adopted as the undisputed bible of the language. Since then, Perl has grown with the times, and so has this book. 
Programming Perl is not just a book about Perl. It is also a unique introduction to the language and its culture, as one might expect only from its authors. Larry Wall is the inventor of Perl, and provides a unique perspective on the evolution of Perl and its future direction. Tom Christiansen was one of the first champions of the language, and lives and breathes the complexities of Perl internals as few other mortals do. Jon Orwant is the editor of The Perl Journal, which has brought together the Perl community as a common forum for new developments in Perl. 
Any Perl book can show the syntax of Perl's functions, but only this one is a comprehensive guide to all the nooks and crannies of the language. Any Perl book can explain typeglobs, pseudohashes, and closures, but only this one shows how they really work. Any Perl book can say that my is faster than local, but only this one explains why. Any Perl book can have a title, but only this book is affectionately known by all Perl programmers as The Camel. 
This third edition of Programming Perl has been expanded to cover version 5.6 of this maturing language. New topics include threading, the compiler, Unicode, and other new features that have been added since the previous edition.
A novel blanket tungsten etchback scheme (2003)

A novel W etchback scheme using a sacrificial nitride layer is presented. This scheme significantly reduces both loading effects and surface roughness. A comparison is made between the conventional and the present scheme. In the latter both SiO/sub 2/ surface roughness and etch loading effects, as observed in the conventional scheme, are virtually eliminated. In the case of the conventional scheme, the W etchrate in the contact hole dramatically increases during overetching, as a result of both global and local loading effects. The global component is absent in the case of the SiN sacrificial layer scheme since the F consumption rates of W and SiN are assumed to be comparable. Furthermore, no oxygen is liberated during overetching of SiN and the F concentration is not increased close to the W plug. Therefore, overetching is less critical and can be used to compensate for nonuniformities in W deposition and etching. Measurements and mechanisms of loading effects are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hyperferritinemia in autoimmunity. (2008)

Controlling iron/oxygen chemistry in biology depends on multiple genes, regulatory messenger RNA structures, signaling pathways and protein catalysts. Ferritin synthesis is regulated by cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1alpha) at various levels (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational) during development, cellular differentiation, proliferation and inflammation. The cellular response by cytokines to infection stimulates the expression of ferritin genes. The immunological actions of ferritin include binding to T lymphocytes, suppression of the delayed-type hypersensitivity, suppression of antibody production by B lymphocytes, and decreased phagocytosis of granulocytes. Thyroid hormone, insulin and insulin growth factor-1 are involved in the regulation of ferritin at the mRNA level. Ferritin and iron homeostasis are implicated in the pathogenesis of many disorders, including diseases involved in iron acquisition, transport and storage (primary hemochromatosis) as well as in atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease, and restless leg syndrome. Mutations in the ferritin gene cause the hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome and neuroferritinopathy. Hyperferritinemia is associated with inflammation, infections and malignancies, and in systemic lupus erythematosus correlates with disease activity. Some evidence points to the importance of hyperferritinemia in dermatomyositis and multiple sclerosis, but further mechanistic investigations are warranted.
Photopolymer-based stratified volume holographic optical elements (1992)

We report the implementation of stratified volume holographic optical elements (SVHOE's) using DuPont's Omnidex holographic photopolymer material and an in situ exposure technique for simultaneous multilayer grating recording. Experimental measurement of the +1-order angular sensitivity of a seven-layer SVHOE structure shows remarkable agreement with both theory and numerical simulation for incidence angles near the Bragg angle. For SVHOE's having modulation layers that individually operate in the Bragg or transition diffraction regimes, the envelope of the SVHOE angular sensitivity is experimentally shown to approximate closely that of a single modulation layer.
Benzoylamidoacetonitrile is bound as a thioimidate in the active site of papain. (1986)

13C NMR spectroscopy has been used to demonstrate that 13CN-labeled benzoylamidoacetonitrile forms a covalent adduct with the thiol group of cysteine 25 in the active site of papain. Spectral comparison with model compounds indicates that the adduct is a thioimidate. On the basis of a proposed mechanism for the formation of the thioimidate, it is concluded that the -CH2C(= NH)S--imino nitrogen does not sit in the active site in the same manner as the thiol ester carbonyl oxygen of the thiol acyl enzyme (or the oxyanion of the tetrahedral intermediate). Thus, in this sense the stabilization of the thioimidate does not reflect a similarity in structure between the bound thioimidate and the transition state.
The Role of α-Adducin Polymorphism in Blood Pressure and Sodium Handling Regulation May Not Be Excluded by a Negative Association Study (1999)

The basic requirement for declaring an association study positive is that the "hypertension-favoring" allele is more frequent in hypertensive cases than in normotensive controls. However, both positive and negative associations with hypertension have been found for the same polymorphism when studied in different populations. In the present study, we addressed the question of the possible cause(s) of this discrepancy among populations by using the alpha-adducin polymorphism as a paradigm. Four hundred ninety hypertensives and 176 normotensives enrolled in Sassari, Italy, and 468 hypertensives and 181 normotensives enrolled in Milano, Italy, were genotyped for the alpha-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism. The blood pressure response to 2 months of hydrochlorothiazide therapy could be evaluated in 143 (85 in Sassari and 58 in Milano) hypertensives with and without the 460Trp alpha-adducin allele. The alpha-adducin 460Trp allele was not significantly more frequent in hypertensives in the Sassari population but was more frequent in hypertensives than in normotensives in Milano (P=0.019). Basal plasma renin activity was lower and blood pressure fall after diuretic therapy more pronounced (P<0.01) in hypertensives carrying at least one 460Trp allele than in Gly460Gly homozygotes, irrespective of their membership in the Sassari or Milano cohort. The effect of alpha-adducin genotype in predicting basal plasma renin activity and blood pressure decrease with diuretic treatment is similar in Sassari and Milano, despite the lack of association of the alpha-adducin genotype with hypertension in Sassari.
New After-Glow Color Images from Some Rock Slices Irradiated with .GAMMA.-Rays. (1991)

A new observation method of colored luminescence or after-glow (phosphorescence), emit
DC-DC converter design for battery-operated systems (2002)

This paper describes performance, design and optimization of DC-DC converters for energy limited, battery operated systems. Variable-frequency operation is used to achieve voltage regulation and high efficiency for an extremely wide range of load currents. An experimental 15 W, 3.3 V buck converter has been constructed to demonstrate design and optimization techniques. The converter employs synchronous rectification to reduce conduction losses, and discontinuous, variable-frequency, current-mode control with optimum peak current to maximize efficiency for a wide range of loads. Applications include portable computers, hand-held instruments, and telecommunications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Relationship between the composition of polycarbonate copolymers and the refractive index (2002)

Abstract With a polycarbonate (PC)–poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) graft copolymer and a PC–poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) block copolymer, the relationship between the composition of PC copolymers and the refractive index ( n D ) was investigated. According to the results, with a PMMA content of 38 wt %, the n D value of the PC–PMMA graft copolymer was nearly the same as that of electrical (E) glass ( n D = 1.545), and with a PMMA content of 6 wt %, it was nearly the same as that of electrical corrosion resistance (ECR) glass ( n D = 1.579). However, with a PDMS content of 19 wt %, the n D value of the PC–PDMS block copolymer was nearly the same as that of E glass, and with a PDMS content of 2 wt %, it was nearly the same as that of ECR glass. The combination of the PC–PDMS block copolymer and the glass fibers (GFs) of ECR glass led to haze values of 8 and 16% with GF contents of 10 and 20%, respectively. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 514–521, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.2355
Work productivity loss due to flares in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy (2010)

Flares in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy significantly affect patient work productivity and social activities.
An Efficient Time-Bound Hierarchical Key Management Scheme for Secure Broadcasting (2008)

In electronic subscription and pay TV systems, data can be organized and encrypted using symmetric key algorithms according to predefined time periods and user privileges and then broadcast to users. This requires an efficient way of managing the encryption keys. In this scenario, time-bound key management schemes for a hierarchy were proposed by Tzeng and Chien in 2002 and 2005, respectively. Both schemes are insecure against collusion attacks. In this paper, we propose a new key assignment scheme for access control, which is both efficient and secure. Elliptic-curve cryptography is deployed in this scheme. We also provide the analysis of the scheme with respect to security and efficiency issues.
The ‘Sliding Meniscus’ Knee Prosthesis: Design Concepts (1979)

A ‘sliding meniscus’ knee prosthesis is proposed which includes design concepts as a consequence of biomechanical analyses undertaken. The biomechanical techniques included a range of movement study of the knee, knee force mechanics, mechanical testing, photoelastic studies and surface examination for loading and wear areas of the prosthetic components all of which led to a final design shape and size for a total knee joint replacement prosthesis. The prosthesis has a ‘polycentric’ femoral component which does not have to be precisely aligned in the femoral condyle; a tibial plateau which completely covers the cortex around the periphery of the tibia, horizontal alignment is necessary for this component; and four thicknesses of the sliding meniscus component which is congruent in the sagittal plane with the femoral component during load-bearing and flat on its lower surface for decreased wear and contact stress-levels.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Multinuclear NMR Study of New Benzodichalcogenaphospholes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transverse field effects in nematic liquid crystals (1973)

A novel electro-optic effect has been observed in thin homeotropic nematic layers. Electrodes, such as a pair of parallel lines, are located on a planar surface in contact with the liquid. Deformation of the homeotropic ordering occurs when the applied field exceeds a threshold strength. Induced optical birefringence and diffraction have been observed, and electrically controlled optical transmission and reflection have been attained. Experimental data are given for a cyano-aniline mixture with ε∥ − ε⊥ &gt; 0 and for negative-anisotropy materials.
Regularized Diffusion Process for Visual Retrieval (2017)

Diffusion process has advanced visual retrieval greatly owing to its capacity in capturing the geometry structure of the underlying manifold. Recent studies (Donoser and Bischof 2013) have experimentally demonstrated that diffusion process on the tensor product graph yields better retrieval performances than that on the original affinity graph. However, the principle behind this kind of diffusion process remains unclear, i.e., what kind of manifold structure is captured and how it is reflected. In this paper, we propose a new variant o diffusion process, which also operates on a tensor product graph. It is defined in three equivalent formulations (regularization framework, iterative framework and limit framework, respectively). Based on our study, three insightful conclusions are drawn which theoretically explain how this kind of diffusion process can better reveal the intrinsic relationship between objects. Besides, extensive experimental results on various retrieval tasks testify the validity of the proposed method.
Cosmic‐Ray Background Flux Model Based on a<i>Gamma‐Ray Large Area Space Telescope</i>Balloon Flight Engineering Model (2004)

Cosmic-ray background fluxes were modeled based on existing measurements and theories and are presented here. The model, originally developed for the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Balloon Experiment, covers the entire solid angle (${\rm 4\pi sr}$), the sensitive energy range of the instrument (${\rm \sim 10 MeV to 100 GeV}$) and abundant components (proton, alpha, $e^{-}$, $e^{+}$, $\mu^{-}$, $\mu^{+}$ and gamma). It is expressed in analytic functions in which modulations due to the solar activity and the Earth geomagnetism are parameterized. Although the model is intended to be used primarily for the GLAST Balloon Experiment, model functions in low-Earth orbit are also presented and can be used for other high energy astrophysical missions. The model has been validated via comparison with the data of the GLAST Balloon Experiment.