gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spiking oscillations in diode-pumped NdP&lt;inf&gt;5&lt;/inf&gt;O&lt;inf&gt;14&lt;/inf&gt;and NdAl&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;(BO&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;)&lt;inf&gt;4&lt;/inf&gt;lasers (1976)

Using quasi-CW sinusoidally modulated excitation from a 0.8-μm-wavelength laser diode, we have obtained driven spiking oscillations in miniature, high-Nd-concentration room-temperature lasers of NdP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</inf> , and NdAl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> (BO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> . With modulation indices of 0.25 or less, peak-power enhancements of 11 (at 35 kHz) and 7 (at 124 kHz), respectively, have been observed for these materials. Theoretical calculations of these and other characteristics of the driven oscillations are in good agreement with experiment.
Mesh segmentation schemes for error resilient coding of 3-D graphic models (2005)

Most existing coding techniques for three-dimensional (3-D) graphic models focus on coding efficiency. Due to irregular structure of the 3-D mesh and the use of variable length entropy codes, channel errors often propagate in the coded bitstream and severely distort the decoded model. By segmenting a 3-D graphic model (or its connected components) into small pieces, the impact of channel errors is confined to directly corrupted pieces rather than the whole mesh. The mesh segmentation schemes should be compatible with the underlying encoding techniques to achieve the low computational and coding overhead. In this research, we examine four mesh segmentation schemes, i.e., multiseed traversal, threshold traversal, morphing-based volume splitting, and content-based segmentation, and apply them to the context of error resilient mesh coding based on the constructive traversal coding technique. The advantages and shortcomings of each segmentation method are discussed. These schemes segment a mesh into pieces according to the target piece size that is determined according to the channel error rate.
Singular Network Elements (1964)

The properties of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -ports can be examined in terms of simple properties of linear vector spaces. This approach leads to a very general type of network formalism which in turn casts light on the physical realizability (or nonrealizability) of the singular linear network elements: the nullator (simultaneously an open and a short circuit), and the norator (the unique nonreciprocal one-port with arbitrary port voltage and current). Furthermore, a two-port (the "nullor") which combines these two elements can be shown to be a unique active building block which exhibits the extraordinary nature of the two singular one-ports, but which has other properties which make it amenable for use in practical systems.
View Synthesis for Multiview Video Transmission. (2009)

transmission systems that are needed for future video services like free viewpoint television or stereovision with autostreoscopic displays. Such systems possible would use transmission of a limited set of viewpoint video sequences. In a receiver, other necessary views have to be synthesized. The paper presents a hybrid technique for viewpoint video synthesis. The original idea is to synthesize a new virtual view from each of reference views separately and then merge them all into one view. In that way the problem of holes in synthesized views is omitted. Moreover, the paper presents the results of measurements (objective and subjective) of quality of synthesized video.
Single-well chemical tracer method for measuring residual oil saturation. Final report (1980)

A number of significant advances in the theory of the single-well chemical tracer method for measuring residual oil saturation (S/sub OR/) are reported. Particularly important is the theoretical basis for optimizing test design to obtain maximum sensitivity to S/sub OR/. Quantitative results are presented for the first time on the effects of fluid drift, flow irreversibility, stratification, and mobile oil. The results of 59 single-well tracer tests which were compiled during this study are presented. These data were donated by the licensees of Exxon Production Research Co., who originated the method. The tests are reviewed with respect to optimal design and field procedures established here. The available techniques for measuring the tracer distribution coefficients (K-values) which are required to obtain S/sub OR/ from the field data are described. Correlations are presented for predicting the K-values for ethyl acetate and propyl formate, two of the most commonly used chemical tracers. Several techniques for obtaining S/sub OR/ from the field-measured tracer concentration profiles are reviewed. The most difficult procedure, detailed simulation using proprietary computer programs, has been used to obtain acceptable interpretations in over 80% of the reported tests.
Laser-ultrasound detection systems: a comparative study with Rayleigh waves (2000)

Using laser-generated Rayleigh waves in the thermoelastic regime as an ultrasonic source, a range of ultrasonic detector systems have been evaluated experimentally for their sensitivity. Systems examined were those based on electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs), a non-steady state photo-emf detector, a confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (CFPI) and a differential optical beam deflection (OBD) detector. These detector systems had their own range of frequency responses within the range of approximately 100 kHz to 140 MHz. However, experimental conditions in this study limited the upper frequency range to 22 MHz. For comparison, signal-to-noise ratios were normalized with respect to both the experimental bandwidth, and, in the case of laser detection, the incident laser intensity. Results showed that for remote monitoring at a distance greater than 0.2 m, optical systems based on the photo-emf detector and the CFPI offered similar performances from a machine-finished aluminium surface. OBD measurements are not possible on such a surface. However, for typical stand-off distances of 0.25 mm or less, cost-effective EMATS provided an alternative form of detector.
Electric field induced changes in protein conformation (2013)

The effect of a low strength oscillating electric field on the conformation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Lysozyme in solution has been measured. A purpose built cell has been used to measure the real time autofluorescence and Circular Dichroism of the protein solutions exposed to electric fields of differing strength and frequency. Exposure to the electric fields results in protein unfolding for both Lysozyme and BSA. The applied field strengths are extremely small compared to the protein inter-chain intra-molecular forces. We propose a model whereby the electrophoretic motion of the proteins leads to a frictional force that results in protein unfolding. For BSA and Lysozyme in the electric fields used in this study, the shear rates at the protein surface under electrophoretic motion are of order 10(3) and 10(4) s(-1) respectively. Prolonged electric field exposure results in significant frictional energy dissipation in the proteins. The energy dissipated in the proteins results in protein unfolding, which is a critical initial step for protein aggregation and potentially amyloid fibril formation.
Lacanobia subjuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tree fruits in the Pacific northwest (1998)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Numerical modeling of a clock distribution network for a superconducting multichip module (1998)

As supercomputers continue to move toward more powerful processors and parallelization, fast switching structures to route data signals between processors and shared memory become essential, and in fact, may be a primary limiting factor in overall computational throughput. The fast switching network under consideration in this paper is a crossbar switch employing superconducting Josephson Junction (JJ) and multichip module (MCM) technologies. This paper focuses on the design and simulation of the clock distribution network, located within the MCM, that will provide the necessary timing mechanism for data signals traveling through the crossbar switch.
P2P-TV Systems under Adverse Network Conditions: A Measurement Study (2009)

In this paper we define a simple experimental setup to analyze the behavior of commercial P2P-TV applications under adverse network conditions. Our goal is to reveal the ability of different P2P-TV applications to adapt to dynamically changing conditions, such as delay, loss and available capacity, e.g., checking whether such systems implement some form of congestion control. We apply our methodology to four popular commercial P2P-TV applications: PPLive, SOPCast, TVants and TVUPlayer. Our results show that all the considered applications are in general capable to cope with packet losses and to react to congestion arising in the network core. Indeed, all applications keep trying to download data by avoiding bad paths and carefully selecting good peers. However, when the bottleneck affects all peers, e.g., it is at the access link, their behavior results rather aggressive, and potentially harmful for both other applications and the network.
Surface Curve Design by Orthogonal Projection of Space Curves Onto Free-Form Surfaces (1996)

A novel technique for designing curves on surfaces is presented. The design specifications for this technique derive from other works on curvature continuous surface fairing. Briefly stated, the technique must provide a computationally efficient method for the design of surface curves that is applicable to a very general class of surface formulations. It must also provide means to define a smooth natural map relating two or more surface curves. The resulting technique is formulated as a geometric construction that maps a space curve onto a surface curve. It is designed to be coordinate independent and provides isoparametric maps for multiple surface curves. Generality of the formulation is attained by solving a tensorial differential equation formulated in terms of local differential properties of the surfaces. For an implicit surface, the differential equation is solved in three-space. For a parametric surface the tensorial differential equation is solved in the parametric space associated with the surface representation. This technique has been tested on a broad class of examples including polynomials, splines, transcendental parametric and implicit surface representations.
Neurobehavioral assessment in the neonatal period--the impact of Ferenc Katona. (2005)

Katona's strong contributions form the basis of neurobehavioral assessment that can detect early abnormalities and help design early interventions. He is unique in his understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying early CNS injury and its behavioral consequences. His concepts allowed us to devise a valid newborn neurobehavioral assessment to evaluate early behavioral capabilities frequently disrupted by CNS injury.
Small membrane proteins found by comparative genomics and ribosome binding site models (2008)

The correct annotation of genes encoding the smallest proteins is one of the biggest challenges of genome annotation, and perhaps more importantly, few annotated short open reading frames have been confirmed to correspond to synthesized proteins. We used sequence conservation and ribosome binding site models to predict genes encoding small proteins, defined as having 16-50 amino acids, in the intergenic regions of the Escherichia coli genome. We tested expression of these predicted as well as previously annotated genes by integrating the sequential peptide affinity tag directly upstream of the stop codon on the chromosome and assaying for synthesis using immunoblot assays. This approach confirmed that 20 previously annotated and 18 newly discovered proteins of 16-50 amino acids are synthesized. We summarize the properties of these small proteins; remarkably more than half of the proteins are predicted to be single-transmembrane proteins, nine of which we show co-fractionate with cell membranes.
Quantitative technique for bio-electrical spectroscopy (1985)

Bio-electrical impedance measurements have been widely used for the study of body tissues. Apart from recordings of biophysical signals (respiration, perfusion, cardiac output, red cell settling, etc.) measurements of specific resistivity of a tissue provide information about its pathological state. Mapping electrical parameters will give more detailed information. The interpretation of recorded data and the design of equipment, both require a preliminary knowledge of the values encountered under normal and pathological conditions. The purpose of the technique described here is to determine the complex resistivity of breast tissue samples in vitro at frequencies between 0.5 kHz and 1 MHz. The equipment is described and the calibration procedure explained. A calculation of the final error interval is given. Characteristic spectra of modulus and phase angle recorded in normal and pathological breast tissue are shown. The technique can however be used for other body tissues, typical applications being fundamental tissue studies and a determination of the most suitable frequencies for use with impedance measuring devices. In clinical practice it could contribute to the determination of intra- and extracellular volume, the monitoring of transplanted organs and the examination of surgically treated tumours, and to any technique based on tissue characterization.
Ets-related protein E1A-F can activate three different matrix metalloproteinase gene promoters. (1995)

An Ets-related E1A-F has been characterized as an enhancer-binding protein for the adenovirus E1A gene. Here we show, in transient expression assays, that E1A-F can activate three different subclasses of the matrix metalloproteinase gene promoters. Expressions of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene under the control of stromelysin, type I collagenase and 92 kD type IV collagenase promoters were increased approximately 10- to 20-fold by co-transfection with the E1A-F expression vector. Activation levels were as much high as those obtained by exogenous expression of AP-1 transcription factor. These results suggest that E1A-F positively regulates transcriptions from matrix metalloproteinase genes that are associated with invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.
Modular Structure of Solubilized Human Apolipoprotein B-100 (2006)

Being intimately involved in cholesterol transport and lipid metabolism human low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a prominent role in atherogenesis and cardiovascular diseases. The receptor-mediated cellular uptake of LDL is triggered by apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), which represents the single protein moiety of LDL. Due to the size and hydrophobic nature of apoB-100, its structure is not well characterized. Here we present a low resolution structure of solubilized apoB-100. We have used small angle neutron scattering in combination with advanced shape reconstruction algorithms to generate a three-dimensional model of lipid-free apoB-100. Our model clearly reveals that apoB-100 is composed of distinct domains connected by flexible regions. The apoB-100 molecule adopts a curved shape with a central cavity. In comparison to LDL-associated apoB-100, the lipid-free protein is expanded, whereas according to spectroscopic data the secondary structure is widely preserved. Finally, the low resolution model was used as a template to reconstruct a hypothetical domain organization of apoB-100 on LDL, including information derived from a secondary structure prediction.
Testing of coaxial railguns in high vacuum (1986)

The goal of many railgun investigations is to arrive at a railgun design that is capable of launching projectiles to extremely high velocities (10 to 100 km/s). Often a second goal is for the railgun design to allow for repetitive launches without a total rebuild of the railgun. These two goals are the objectives the Center for Electromechanics at The University of Texas at Austin (CEM-UT) has pursued over the past several years. As part of the investigation, a serious study of coaxial railguns was conducted. Coaxial railguns were studied because the coaxial geometry offers two attractive features. One feature is the simplified construction, and the other is an inherent lower L' value. Studies were conducted on 0.5-and 5.0-m long coaxial railguns. Results were mixed in that high velocities were obtained (37 km/s), and several shots were done on one gun without cleanup or rebuild, but plasma mass amounts were small and not tightly patterned. Experiments are still underway, on a limited basis, to attempt to focus and bunch the plasma during launch and as it exists the muzzle.
The Escherichia coli hemL gene encodes glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (1991)

delta-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), the first committed precursor of porphyrin biosynthesis, is formed in Escherichia coli by the C5 pathway in a three-step, tRNA-dependent transformation from glutamate. The first two enzymes of this pathway, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase and Glu-tRNA reductase, are known in E. coli (J. Lapointe and D. Söll, J. Biol. Chem. 247:4966-4974, 1972; D. Jahn, U. Michelsen, and D. Söll, J. Biol. Chem. 266:2542-2548, 1991). Here we present the mapping and cloning of the gene for the third enzyme, glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA) aminotransferase, and an initial characterization of the purified enzyme. Ethylmethane sulfonate-induced mutants of E. coli AB354 which required ALA for growth were isolated by selection for respiration-defective strains resistant to the aminoglycoside antibiotic kanamycin. Two mutations were mapped to min 4 at a locus named hemL. Map positions and resulting phenotypes suggest that hemL may be identical with the earlier described porphyrin biosynthesis mutation popC. Complementation of the auxotrophic phenotype by wild-type DNA from the corresponding clone pLC4-43 of the Clarke-Carbon bank (L. Clarke and J. Carbon, Cell 9:91-99, 1976) allowed the isolation of the gene. Physical mapping showed that hemL mapped clockwise next to fhuB. The hemL gene product was overexpressed and purified to apparent homogeneity. The pure protein efficiently converted GSA to ALA. The reaction was stimulated by the addition of pyridoxal 5' -phosphate or pyridoxamine 5' -phosphate and inhibited by gabaculine or aminooxyacetic acid. The molecular mass of the purified GSA aminotransferase under denaturing conditions was 40,000 Da, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme has apparent native molecular mass of approximately 80,000 Da, as determined by rate zonal sedimentation on glycerol gradients and molecular sieving through Superose 12, which indicates a homodimeric alpha2, structure of the protein.
Speech recognition in the F-16 cockpit using principal spectral components (2005)

A modification of the usual LPC speaker-dependent speech recognition algorithms yielded significantly improved recognition performance in an F-16 fighter cockpit environment.The LPC model is first transformed into spectral amplitudes using asimulated filter bank. Statistically optimum linear transformation of the filter bank amplitudes to "principal spectral components" (PSC) provides a set of uncorrelated features. These features are rank ordered and the least significant features are discarded. The data base used for experiments consisted of 5 male speakers uttering a 70-word vocabulary ten times for training in 85 dBA noise level, and 3 times for test in each of 97, 106 and 112 dBA noise levels. The PSC method yielded about half the number of substitutions of the standard LPC method.
Spider Silk: From Soluble Protein to Extraordinary Fiber (2009)

Spider silks outrival natural and many synthetic fibers in terms of their material characteristics. In nature, the formation of a solid fiber from soluble spider silk proteins is the result of complex biochemical and physical processes that take place within specialized spinning organs. Herein, we present natural and artificial silk production processes, from gene transcription to silk protein processing and finally fiber assembly. In-vivo and in-vitro findings in the field of spider silk research are the basis for the design of new proteins and processing strategies, which will enable applications of these fascinating protein-based materials in technical and medical sciences.
Suppression of a new allele of the yeast RAD52 gene by overexpression of RAD51, mutations in srs2 and ccr4, or mating-type heterozygosity. (1995)

The RAD52 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved both in the recombinational repair of DNA damage and in mitotic and meiotic recombination. A new allele of rad52 has been isolated that has unusual properties. Unlike other alleles of rad52, this allele (rad52-20) is partially suppressed by an srs2 deletion; srs2 mutations normally act to suppress only rad6 and rad18 mutations. In addition, although haploid rad52-20 strains are very X-ray sensitive, diploids homozygous for this allele are only slightly X-ray sensitive and undergo normal meiosis and meiotic recombination. Because rad52-20 diploids homozygous for mating type are very X-ray sensitive, mating-type heterozygosity is acting to suppress rad52-20. Mating-type heterozygosity suppresses this allele even in haploids, because sir mutations, which result in expression of the normally silent mating-type cassettes, were identified among the extragenic revertants of rad52-20. A new allele of srs2 and alleles of the transcriptional regulatory genes ccr4 and caf1 were among the other extragenic revertants of rad52-20. Because other researchers have shown that the RAD51 and RAD52 proteins interact, RAD51 on a high copy number plasmid was tested and found to suppress the rad52-20 allele, but RAD54, 55 and 57 did not suppress. The RAD51 plasmid did not suppress rad52-1. The rad52-20 allele may encode a protein that has low affinity binding to the RAD51 protein. To test whether the selected revertants suppressed rad52-20 by elevating the expression of RAD51, an integrated RAD51-lacZ fusion was genetically crossed into each revertant. Because none of the revertants increased the level of RAD51-lacZ, the revertants must exert their effect by one or more mechanisms that are not mediated by RAD51.
Generalized Design of Low-Complexity Block Diagonalization Type Precoding Algorithms for Multiuser MIMO Systems (2013)

Block diagonalization (BD) based precoding techniques are well-known linear transmit strategies for multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems. By employing BD-type precoding algorithms at the transmit side, the MU-MIMO broadcast channel is decomposed into multiple independent parallel single user MIMO (SU-MIMO) channels and achieves the maximum diversity order at high data rates. The main computational complexity of BD-type precoding algorithms comes from two singular value decomposition (SVD) operations, which depend on the number of users and the dimensions of each user's channel matrix. In this work, low-complexity precoding algorithms are proposed to reduce the computational complexity and improve the performance of BD-type precoding algorithms. We devise a strategy based on a common channel inversion technique, QR decompositions, and lattice reductions to decouple the MU-MIMO channel into equivalent SU-MIMO channels. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed precoding algorithms can achieve a comparable sum-rate performance as BD-type precoding algorithms, substantial bit error rate (BER) performance gains, and a simplified receiver structure, while requiring a much lower complexity.