gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 as a Neurotrophic Factor (1996)

Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells are shown to express a single class of high affinity binding sites for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 (1,300 receptors/cell, Kd = 31.3 pM). Affinity cross-linking using radiolabeled BMP-2 demonstrated the presence of six components with apparent molecular masses of 170, 155, 105, 90, 80, and 70 kDa. BMP-2 induced morphological changes in PC12 cells with the concomitant expression of three neurofilament proteins. Thus, BMP-2 would appear to be another neurotrophic factor that, like nerve growth factor or basic fibroblast growth factor, stimulates the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Unlike nerve growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, however, BMP-2 failed to induce the activation of either 41- and 43-kDa mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases or the MAP kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK). Also, BMP-2 did not induce the expression of the c-fos gene in PC12 cells. Activin A was also capable of inducing the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells without activating MAP kinases and MEK. These findings show a clear dissociation between the requirement for the activation of the MAP kinase cascade and the ability of BMP-2 and activin A to induce PC12 cell neuronal differentiation. In addition, these results suggest that the activation of MAP kinases and MEK is not an absolute requirement for PC12 cell differentiation.
Slow-Reacting and Complement-Requiring Neutralizing Antibody in Swine Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome(PRRS) Virus. (1996)

Various conditions were evaluated and modified to enhance the sensitivity of the neutralization (NT) test for detecting antibody in swine infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus. Higher NT antibody titers were consistently obtained by the addition of 10% (v/v) complement, fresh guinea pig serum, to the virus diluent and by the incubation of serum-virus mixture at 4 degrees C for 24 hr. The appearance and persistence of antibodies detected by the modified NT test showed a similar pattern to those of antibodies detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay, although the antibody titers obtained by the former method were consistently lower than those obtained by the latter method. Slow-reacting complement-requiring NT antibody was detected in sera from pig 2 weeks after infection with PRRS virus. The slow-reacting complement-requiring NT antibody in the early serum samples was sensitive to 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), whereas the slow-reacting complement-requiring NT antibody in the late serum samples was resistant to 2-ME. The initial phase may represent the IgM response and the later phase a change to IgG. A NT test was developed in which serum-virus mixtures were incubated at 4 degrees C for 24 hr with complement; this gave an improved sensitivity over the previous incubation at 37 degrees C for 60 min.
Identification and Functional Characterization of a New Gene Encoding the Mouse Terminal Complement Inhibitor CD59 (2000)

CD59 is a 18- to 20-kDa, GPI-anchored membrane protein that functions as a key regulator of the terminal step of the complement activation cascade. It restricts binding of C9 to the C5b-8 complex, thereby preventing the formation of the membrane attack complex (C5b-9 of complement). A single human CD59 gene has been identified, and corresponding genetic homologues from rat, mouse, and pig have been characterized in previous studies. In this study, we report the discovery and functional characterization of a separate cd59 gene in the mouse (referred to as cd59b, the previously characterized mouse cd59 gene as cd59a). Mouse cd59b is 85% and 63% identical to cd59a at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. In cDNA transfection experiments with Chinese hamster ovary cells, peptide-tagged cd59b was detected on the cell surface by flow cytometry and was shown to be susceptible to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C cleavage. Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing cd59b were significantly more resistant than control cells to human and mouse complement-mediated lysis. These results suggest that cd59b encodes a GPI-anchored protein that is functionally active as a membrane attack complex inhibitor. Northern blot analysis revealed that cd59b is expressed selectively in the mouse testis. In contrast, the major transcript of cd59a was shown to be expressed at high levels in the heart, kidney, liver, and lung, but only minimally in the testis. These results revealed the existence of two distinct cd59 genes in the mouse that are differentially regulated and that may have nonoverlapping physiological functions in vivo.
Classification of Genomic Changes in Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis (2010)

Most breast cancer patients will die from their metastatic disease. In fact, as new drugs have succeeded in reducing systemic disease (HER-2 targeting monoclonal antibody-Trastuzumab), the brain has increasingly become the site of untreatable relapse. Although the majority of brain tumors are metastases, with primary gliomas representing a small minority, there is a notable dearth in biological understanding and investigation of how metastatic cells colonize the brain. Recently, The Cancer Genome Atlas group has successfully categorized human GBMs into the following subtypes: classical, neural, proneural and mesenchymal. Employing a similar investigational approach and sequencing technologies, Mardis and et al (Ding et alNature2010) have characterized and compared the genomic changes in a biopsy sample from the primary tumor of a patient with basal-like breast cancer and a sample from a cerebellar metastasis that developed 8 months later. They looked for structural variations, alterations in the copy number of genomic regions and differences in the distribution of mutations among the samples [Figure 4 from paper].FIGURE 4: Circos plots for the primary tumor, metastasis and xenograft genomes. a–c, Circos30 plots display the validated tier 1 somatic mutations, DNA copy number and validated structural rearrangements in the primary tumor (a), metastasis (b), and xenograft (c). Mutations enriched in the metastasis or xenograft are in red in panels b and c. Mutations and the large deletion unique to the metastasis are in blue (b). Translocations only present in primary tumor and metastasis are in green. All shared events are in black. The copy number difference between the tumor and normal is shown (scale; −4 to 4). No purity-based copy number corrections were used for plotting.FIGURE 4: (Continued).From these observations, several conclusions were made: (1) most of the original genomic changes present in the primary tumor are propagated during the clinical course of the disease, (2) the different mutation frequency observed in the tumors is an indication of genetic heterogeneity in the cellular population of the primary tumor, (3) and two different populations of cells from the primary tumor that had a distinct subset of mutations that were selected for in the metastatic processes. In the cascade of events underlying metastasis to the brain, successful colonization of the inhospitable brain habitat is the most challenging component. Although, vascular dissemination of tumor cells occurs readily, a variable period of dormancy ensues prior to relapse in the brain. This clinical scenario suggests that most disseminated tumor cells are not immediately competent for generating macrometastses; and any effort to understand the underlying mechanisms must include the brain with its unique blood brain barrier and microenvironment. As such, insights from neuroscientists and neurosurgeons will help provide the soil from which innovative and interdisciplinary investigative approaches arise. JOSH NEMAN GEORGE SOMLO RAHUL JANDIAL
Evaluation of Crofelemer in the Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients (2008)

Crofelelmer did not produce benefit on bowel function; an increase in the number of pain- and discomfort-free days in female D-IBS patients was seen. Further studies with crofelemer are warranted to evaluate it as a potential visceral analgesic.
Dynamic workforce management (1997)

Provision of service to business and residential customers, network maintenance and fault repair are some of the core activities of large telecommunications companies which involve thousands of technicians everyday. BT has developed a fully automated system for its workforce management called Work Manager. Work Manager has led to efficient and effective utilisation of the BT workforce. The system is capable of monitoring changes in resource and work profiles, reacting to them when necessary to maintain the feasibility and optimality of work schedules. We review the architecture and the functionalities of Work Manager. We focus on the scheduling component-called the Dynamic Scheduler-which combines artificial intelligence and optimisation techniques to generate and implement long-term schedules for field-technicians.
CIPP 평가 모형을 적용한 기업 코칭교육 만족도 연구 (2010)

With rapid changes in managerial environment, corporate coaching training programs, which are regarded as one of the leadership training for survival, are being highlighted. The research on effects and course satisfaction of corporate coaching training programs provides discussion for the direction ...
Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR (2006)

Quantification of gene expression by real-time RT-PCR has become the gold standard to which all other quantification methods are compared. Two very simple precautions, normalizing the cDNA to contain equal amounts of RNA and validation of the internal control gene, combined with RNA of sufficient quality, will almost certainly guarantee high quality data time after time. Described here is a protocol to normalize the RNA content of multiple cDNA reactions using the NanoDrop ® ND-1000 Spectrophotometer.
Liquid immersion deep-ultraviolet interferometric lithography (1999)

An apparatus for deep-ultraviolet interferometric lithography is described, in which the interfering beams illuminate the substrate through a fused silica prism and a layer of index-matching liquid. The liquid-immersion technique was found to be compatible with a commercially available, chemically amplified photoresist. The apparatus was used with a 257 nm light source to write gratings having a period of 97 nm and linewidth of approximately 40 nm.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in preterm and term pregnancy, parturition, and intra-amniotic infection (2001)

Amniotic fluid G-CSF concentrations were similar in preterm and term pregnancies and were not significantly influenced by labor. Intra-amniotic infection was associated with an increased number of placental cells expressing the G-CSF receptor and higher concentrations of G-CSF in amniotic fluid, maternal serum, neonatal urine, and neonatal bronchoalveolar lavage samples.
Information capacity of the Hopfield model (1985)

The information capacity of general forms of memory is formalized. The number of bits of information that can be stored in the Hopfield model of associative memory is estimated. It is found that the asymptotic information capacity of a Hopfield network of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> neurons is of the order <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N^{3}</tex> b. The number of arbitrary state vectors that can be made stable in a Hopfield network of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> neurons is proved to be bounded above by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> .
Radiopaque miscible systems composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) and transition and nontransition metal salts: Spectroscopic, thermal, and radiographic characterization (1989)

Abstract The preparation of miscible systems containing poly(methyl methacrylate) and cupric nitrate, manganese chloride, praseodymium chloride, and uranyl nitrate is described. The salt was dissolved in the monomer, which was subsequently polymerized. The heavy metal salts impart radiopacity to these plastics and this renders them useful for X‐ray imaging in applications such as medical implants. The polymer–salt systems are characterized on the basis of their infrared spectra, thermal, and radiographic properties, and the formation of complexes between the cations and the carbonyl function of the polymer is discussed. The glass transition temperatures of the salt‐containing polymers are higher than those of the salt‐free polymers, the elevation being dependent on the nature and concentration of the metal salt. Miscible PMMA–uranyl nitrate systems are transparent, glassy plastics and approximately 11 wt % of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate imparts a radiopacity equivalent to that of aluminum.
Porous Metal−Organic Framework Based on μ<sub>4</sub>-oxo Tetrazinc Clusters: Sorption and Guest-Dependent Luminescent Properties (2008)

A three-dimensional, highly porous metal-organic framework [Zn 4O(bdc)(bpz) 2].4DMF.6H 2O ( 1) (bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, bpz = 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-bipyrazolate) constructed by Zn 4O clusters with bdc and bpz linkers, has been prepared and structurally characterized. The N 2 sorption measurements reveal that 1 exhibits high porosity with a Langmuir surface area of 1908 m (2)/g and a pore volume of 0.58 cm (3)/g. Compound 1 features hydrophobic channels with a free passage of approximately 8.2 A defined by the methyl groups from bpz, and it exhibits nice sorption capability for benzene and toluene and interesting two-step sorption behavior for methanol. Meanwhile, 1 also exhibits interesting guest-dependent luminescent properties.
7 W high-efficiency continuous-wave green light generation by intracavity frequency doubling of an end-pumped vertical external-cavity surface emitting semiconductor laser (2006)

The authors report the demonstration of highly efficient continuous-wave green light at 535nm generation by intracavity frequency doubling of an end-pumped vertical external-cavity surface emitting semiconductor laser (VECSEL). The beta-barium borate (β-BaB2O4) crystals, cut for critical type I phase matching at room temperature, are used for second harmonic generation of the laser. In combination with an end-pumped VECSEL and efficient intracavity frequency doubling with a folded three-mirror cavity, more than 7W green light output power is obtained at pump power of 26W. The optical conversion efficiency of 27% is achieved from pump power to second harmonic power.
Polymer—Surfactant Complexes (1994)

This paper reviews research on the interaction between polymers and surfactants in dilute aqueous solution. Recent work on the quantitative characterization of polymer-surfactant complexes by using light scattering and fluorescence is emphasized. The paper concludes by indicating some of the unanswered questions in this field.
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: correlation between genotype and clinical features. (1996)

Breastfeeding has innumerable advantages on the child, its family and society. Although the governmental efforts, of the professionals of health and the society in the direction to promote, to protect and to support this practical, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding until 6th life month remains less than ideal. The objective of this study is to determine the correlation of exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding with some basic health indicators, supplying data that they may be able to help for the development of interventions that include breast-feeding overall its conjuncture. An ecological study has been carried through using secondary data from DATASUS will be, from the period of 1999 to 20009s. The correlation has been esteemed through Pearson9s coefficient. Is was observed a statistically significant correlation to variables related to marital status, education, coverage of prenatal, delivery characteristics and infant mortality rate after neonatal and proportional for IPD. It is observed therefore that the actions, especially in prenatal and multiple-patient room, must be prioritised in these groups which showed an inverse correlation.
The Function of γ-Glutamylcysteine and Bis-γ-glutamylcystine Reductase in Halobacterium halobium (1989)

gamma-Glutamylcysteine and bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase appear to function in the halobacteria in a fashion analogous to GSH and glutathione reductase in other cells. Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase (GCR), a NADPH-dependent dimer of Mr 122,000 recently purified to homogeneity from Halobacterium halobium (Sundquist, A.R., and Fahey, R.C. (1988) J. Bacteriol., 170, 3459-3467), was found to be highly specific for bis-gamma-glutamylcystine and to be present in cell extract at a level sufficient to maintain gamma-glutamylcysteine predominantly in its thiol form [( thiol]/[disulfide] approximately 50). Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase is similar to glutathione reductase in many respects; GCR demonstrated a FAD:subunit stoichiometry of 1, inhibition by heavy metal ions, and a pH optimum near neutrality. However, GCR exhibited no activity with GSSG and was most active at salt levels exceeding 2 M. A turnover number of 1,700 mumol min-1 mumol-1 FAD and apparent Km values of 0.8 mM for bis-gamma-glutamylcystine and 0.29 mM for NADPH were determined for GCR. The effect of salt on the autoxidation rates of gamma-glutamylcysteine, GSH, and Cys was also studied. In the absence of added salt, Cys oxidized more rapidly than gamma-glutamylcysteine, which in turn oxidized more rapidly than GSH. The presence of 4.3 M chloride (K+ and Na+) significantly slowed the autoxidation of all three thiols. The rate of autoxidation of gamma-glutamylcysteine in 4.3 M chloride proved slower than that of GSH in the absence of added chloride. Thus, gamma-glutamylcysteine is at least as stable under halophilic conditions as GSH is under nonhalophilic conditions, explaining why halobacteria utilize gamma-glutamylcysteine rather than GSH.
Patterns in 3D Vertically Oscillated Granular Layers: Simulation and Experiment (1998)

Numerical simulations and laboratory experiments are conducted for thin layers of particles in a vertically oscillated container as a function of the frequency $f$, amplitude $A$, and depth $H$. The same standing wave patterns (stripes, squares, or hexagons oscillating at $f/2$ or $f/4$) and wavelengths are obtained in the simulations and experiments for a wide range of $(f,A)$ and two layer depths. Two model parameters are determined by fits at just two points $(f,A,H)$. Simulation results lead to heuristic arguments for the onset of patterns and the crossover from squares to stripes.
Molecular diagnosis of the myeloproliferative neoplasms: <scp>UK</scp> guidelines for the detection of <i><scp>JAK</scp>2 </i><scp>V</scp>617<scp>F</scp> and other relevant mutations (2012)

Molecular genetic assays for the detection of the JAK2 V617F (c.1849G>T) and other pathogenetic mutations within JAK2 exon 12 and MPL exon 10 are part of the routine diagnostic workup for patients presenting with erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis or otherwise suspected to have a myeloproliferative neoplasm. A wide choice of techniques are available for the detection of these mutations, leading to potential difficulties for clinical laboratories in deciding upon the most appropriate assay, which can lead to problems with inter-laboratory standardization. Here, we discuss the most important issues for a clinical diagnostic laboratory in choosing a technique, particularly for detection of the JAK2 V617F mutation at diagnosis. The JAK2 V617F detection assay should be both specific and sensitive enough to detect a mutant allele burden as low as 1-3%. Indeed, the use of sensitive assays increases the detection rate of the JAK2 V617F mutation within myeloproliferative neoplasms. Given their diagnostic relevance, it is also beneficial and relatively straightforward to screen JAK2 V617F negative patients for JAK2 exon 12 mutations (in the case of erythrocytosis) or MPL exon 10 mutations (thrombocytosis or myelofibrosis) using appropriate assays. Molecular results should be considered in the context of clinical findings and other haematological or laboratory results.
Bioprospecting the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Host Defense Peptidome (2015)

Cationic antimicrobial peptides and their therapeutic potential have garnered growing interest because of the proliferation of bacterial resistance. However, the discovery of new antimicrobial peptides from animals has proven challenging due to the limitations associated with conventional biochemical purification and difficulties in predicting active peptides from genomic sequences, if known. As an example, no antimicrobial peptides have been identified from the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, although their serum is antimicrobial. We have developed a novel approach for the discovery of new antimicrobial peptides from these animals, one that capitalizes on their fundamental and conserved physico-chemical properties. This sample-agnostic process employs custom-made functionalized hydrogel microparticles to harvest cationic peptides from biological samples, followed by de novo sequencing of captured peptides, eliminating the need to isolate individual peptides. After evaluation of the peptide sequences using a combination of rational and web-based bioinformatic analyses, forty-five potential antimicrobial peptides were identified, and eight of these peptides were selected to be chemically synthesized and evaluated. The successful identification of multiple novel peptides, exhibiting antibacterial properties, from Alligator mississippiensis plasma demonstrates the potential of this innovative discovery process in identifying potential new host defense peptides.
A Conserved Inhibitory Mechanism of a Lycorine Derivative against Enterovirus and Hepatitis C Virus (2015)

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) (Picornaviridae family) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) (Flaviviridae family) are the causative agents of human hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and hepatitis C, resulting in a severe pandemic involving millions of infections in the Asia-Pacific region and worldwide. The great impact of EV71 and HCV on public health highlights the need to further our understanding of the biology of these two viruses and develop effective therapeutic antivirals. Here, we evaluated a total of 32 lycorine derivatives and demonstrated that 1-acetyllycorine suppressed the proliferation of multiple strains of EV71 in various cells. The results of the drug resistance analysis revealed that 1-acetyllycorine targeted a phenylalanine (F76) in EV71 2A protease (2A(pro)) to stabilize the conformation of a unique zinc finger. Most interestingly, the zinc binding site in EV71 2A(pro) is the exclusive homolog of HCV NS3 among all viruses. Further analysis revealed that 1-acetyllycorine also inhibits HCV with high efficacy, and the mutation on R118 in HCV NS3, which corresponds to F76 in EV71 2A(pro), confers the resistance of HCV to 1-acetyllycorine. These results revealed a conserved mechanism of 1-acetyllycorine against EV71 and HCV through targeting viral proteases. We also documented the significant synergistic anti-EV71 and anti-HCV effects of 1-acetyllycorine with reported inhibitors, supporting potential combination therapy for the treatment of EV71 and HCV infections.
Network management using expert diagnostics (1999)

Networks have become a key component of the corporate infrastructure. Managing the networks, which often carry a diverse set of information (e.g. voice, data, video) over a diverse set of media (e.g. wire, cable, RF) with a mixture of owned and leased transmission assets that are often geographically distributed and run a diverse set of protocols, is a major challenge. One of the most promising techniques applies expert system approaches to the management of networks. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.