gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signature-based target identification and pattern recognition (1994)

In the identification of a particular target (or target class), out of a library of possible targets, one can use the scattering signatures from a transient (broadband) type of radar. These signatures are parameter sets (using aspect-independent and/or aspect-dependent parameters) in some scattering model. There are various such models of interest, based on the symmetries (or partial symmetries) of the various target features (geometric shapes, including constitutive parameters), of both local and global varieties. Such symmetries have significance for the signal processing as well, so that the signatures can be better extracted from the noise and clutter background. Based on such symmetries, one can organize the target features, models, signatures, and signal processing into the habitats of a zoo. Part 1 of this article does this. In Part 2, target signatures and pattern recognition are considered. Pattern recognition is a well-established set of techniques for categorizing objects by data features. In the context of radar-target identification, one can use parameters in electromagnetic-scattering models and sets of the same (signatures) for such features. This leads to a target-identification scheme, in which a target in all its aspects to a radar is treated as a pattern class, where a pattern is a set of data features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biological consequences of overexpression of a transfected c-erbB-2 gene in immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells. (1993)

In order to examine the effects of the overexpression of c-erbB-2 (HER-2, neu) on human bronchial epithelial cells, a human c-erbB-2 expression vector was introduced into the simian virus 40 large T-antigen-immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. Isolation of multiple clonal cell lines after selection revealed a wide range of expression of the gene product gp185erbB-2. While three of six clones tested expressed gp185erbB-2 at levels detectable by immunocytochemistry, only one, B2BE6, induced adenocarcinoma-like tumors in athymic nude mice. Both a nontumorigenic clone, B2BE2, and a tumorigenic clone, B2BE6, expressed comparable amounts of gp185erbB-2, which became phosphorylated on tyrosine in response to treatment with the c-erbB-2 ligands gp30 and p75. These data suggest that overexpression of c-erbB-2 in human bronchial epithelial cells can contribute to, but is not sufficient for, induction of tumorigenicity in this human model system.
A charge-pump based 0.35-um CMOS RF switch driver for multi-standard operations (2008)

A novel RF switch driver for high-power wireless applications is presented. The switch driver employs a novel structure of a charge pump to generate up-converted voltage to ensure linearity of an antenna switch made of GaAs p-HEMT technology. The novel charge pump can generate up-converted voltage that is higher than that of conventional charge pumps by using a parallel structure and PMOS body bias technique. The proposed switch driver was fabricated using a 0.35-um standard CMOS technology. The up-converted voltage reaches up to 8.6V with 3V-supply voltage and less than 30mV of ripple. The size of the chip is less than 0.12mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Chemical named entities recognition: a review on approaches and applications (2014)

The rapid increase in the flow rate of published digital information in all disciplines has resulted in a pressing need for techniques that can simplify the use of this information. The chemistry literature is very rich with information about chemical entities. Extracting molecules and their related properties and activities from the scientific literature to "text mine" these extracted data and determine contextual relationships helps research scientists, particularly those in drug development. One of the most important challenges in chemical text mining is the recognition of chemical entities mentioned in the texts. In this review, the authors briefly introduce the fundamental concepts of chemical literature mining, the textual contents of chemical documents, and the methods of naming chemicals in documents. We sketch out dictionary-based, rule-based and machine learning, as well as hybrid chemical named entity recognition approaches with their applied solutions. We end with an outlook on the pros and cons of these approaches and the types of chemical entities extracted.
Evaluation of Joint Reliability of Several Components Joined with Zn System Solder. (2002)

We have evaluated the joint reliability of some kinds of components jointed with Zn system solder. The tested components were CSPs with Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi solder balls, TSOPs with some platings, and Chip components with some platings. The evaluation was carried out by the temperature cycle test (TCT) . As the results, in case of CSPs, we obtained good joint resistance even after TCT 2000cycles. And also in the case of Chip components, we obtained good joint strength even at 1000cycles. On the other hands, in the case of TSOPs, the joint strength TSOP which has 42alloy lead plated with Sn-Pb was weaken.
FOREWORD (2011)

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Flow Microsphere Immunoassay-Based Method of Virus Quantitation (1999)

A sensitive assay for adenovirus quantitation in vitro was developed using the flow microsphere immunoassay (FMIA) approach. Polystyrene microspheres were covalently coated with purified anti-adenoviral antibodies and incubated with virus-containing samples. After incubation, the samples were stained with DNA-specific fluorescent dyes, and microsphere-associated fluorescence was quantitated with a flow cytometer. The adsorption of virus to microspheres was examined under different experimental conditions. The flow cytometric assay was determined to be as accurate in detecting adenovirus as titering on 293 cells. The proposed method can be used to quantify virus in viral stocks and in biological samples.
MIME Type Registration for MPEG-4 (2006)

associated with MP4 files.It also recommends use of registered MIME types according to the type of contents.
Hand-off delay analysis in SIP-based mobility management in wireless networks (2004)

Recent years have seen a tremendous amount of effort toward the development of wireless Internet infrastructure and approaches to solve various problems associated with it. One of the major stumbling blocks is the mobility management in such an infrastructure. Several mobility management protocols have been proposed working at different layers of the protocol stack, but each comes with its own set of requirements and shortcomings. We observe that by and large the mobility requirements can be satisfied by using a simple application layer mobility management protocol. Although the session initiation protocol (SIP), originally developed as an application layer signaling protocol, offers mobility management capability, yet there are some associated delays that need careful investigation. In this paper, we study analytically the SIP based hand-off delay in third generation (3G) wireless networks. Our performance results conclude that in terms of hand-off delay, SIP is not suitable for supporting streaming media with stringent delay requirements.
Chelate Chemistry. III. Chelates of High Coordination Number (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelate Chemistry. III. Chelates of High Coordination NumberE. L. Muetterties and C. M. WrightCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 21, 4706–4717Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00949a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00949a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis, sensitivity and macromodelling of the Elmore delay in linear networks for performance-driven VLSI design (1993)

Abstract The Elmore delay of a linear network has been accepted as a first-order approximation of signal delay in VLSI digital circuits. In this paper, a systematic theory for the analysis of the Elmore delay in a linear network is established from basic circuit theory. The theory is applied to the sensitivity of signal delays and the macromodelling of large networks.
Effect of thioridazine stereoisomers on the drug accumulation of mouse lymphoma and human prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. (2014)

Apparently, the chirality of thioridazine has no importance in the inhibition of MDR phenotype of cancer cells.
Radical polymerization and copolymerization of methyl ?-(2-carbomethoxyethyl)acrylate, a dimer of methyl acrylate, as a polymerizable ?-substituted acrylate (1996)

Polymerization and copolymerization of methyl α-(2-carbomethoxyethyl)acrylate (MMEA), which is known as a dimer of methyl acrylate, were studied in relation to steric hindrance-assisted polymerization. The propagating polymer radical from MMEA was detected as a five-line spectrum and quantified by ESR spectroscopy during the bulk polymerization at 40–80°C. The absolute rate constants of propagation and termination (κp and κt) for MMEA at 60°C (κp = 19 L/mol s and κt = 5.1 × 105 L/mol s) were evaluated using the concentration of the propagating radical at the steady state. The balance of the propagation and termination rates allows polymer formation from MMEA. The polymerization rate of MMEA at 60°C was less than that of MMA by a factor of about 4 at a constant monomer concentration. Although no influence of ceiling temperature was observed at a temperature ranging from 40 to 70°C, addition-fragmentation in competition with propagation reduced the molecular weight of the polymer. The content of the unsaturated end group was estimated to be 0.1% at 60°C to the total amount of the monomer units consisting of the main chain. MMEA exhibited reactivities almost similar to those of MMA toward polymer radicals. It is concluded that MMEA is one of the polymerizable acrylates bearing a substituted alkyl group as an α-substituent. Characterization of poly(MMEA) was also carried out. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mitochondrial-Shaping Proteins in Cardiac Health and Disease – the Long and the Short of It! (2017)

Mitochondrial health is critically dependent on the ability of mitochondria to undergo changes in mitochondrial morphology, a process which is regulated by mitochondrial shaping proteins. Mitochondria undergo fission to generate fragmented discrete organelles, a process which is mediated by the mitochondrial fission proteins (Drp1, hFIS1, Mff and MiD49/51), and is required for cell division, and to remove damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. Mitochondria undergo fusion to form elongated interconnected networks, a process which is orchestrated by the mitochondrial fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2 and OPA1), and which enables the replenishment of damaged mitochondrial DNA. In the adult heart, mitochondria are relatively static, are constrained in their movement, and are characteristically arranged into 3 distinct subpopulations based on their locality and function (subsarcolemmal, myofibrillar, and perinuclear). Although the mitochondria are arranged differently, emerging data supports a role for the mitochondrial shaping proteins in cardiac health and disease. Interestingly, in the adult heart, it appears that the pleiotropic effects of the mitochondrial fusion proteins, Mfn2 (endoplasmic reticulum-tethering, mitophagy) and OPA1 (cristae remodeling, regulation of apoptosis, and energy production) may play more important roles than their pro-fusion effects. In this review article, we provide an overview of the mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins in the adult heart, and highlight their roles as novel therapeutic targets for treating cardiac disease.
Electrolytic deposition of calcium etidronate drug coating on titanium substrate (2004)

Wear debris-induced osteolysis is the major cause of aseptic loosening and failure of hip implants. One of the promising therapeutic interventions to improve the longevity of hip implants is to administrate bisphosphonate drug to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. This study aimed at developing new techniques of directly combining bisphosphonate with implants to achieve local delivery and controlled release of the drug. Instead of using soluble sodium salt, we proposed to apply sparingly soluble calcium salt of bisphosphonate as a potential long-term antiosteolysis coating on hip implants. Calcium salt of etidronate, a member of the bisphosphonate family of potent osteoclast inhibitors, was used in this pilot study. By adopting the electrolytic deposition (ELD) technique, which was developed for ceramic coatings including calcium phosphates, we demonstrated that a thin layer of calcium bisphosphonate could be deposited onto titanium surface. The drug coating is amorphous as characterized with X-ray diffraction, and has globular morphology under the scanning electron microscope. Electrospray-ionization mass-spectrometry (ESI-MS) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the molecular structure of the etidronate (m/z 205, H3L-, the single dissociated form of parent etidronic acid, denoted as H4L) was preserved after the ELD process. In vitro release into a "physiological" buffer solution confirmed that the etidronate concentration was limited by its low solubility. The etidronate concentration was 8 x 10(-5) M at day 1 and kept relatively stable at approximately 6 x 10(-5) M from day 2 to day 8. The deposition mechanisms of the drug coating and its potential efficacy as an antiosteolytic release source were discussed.
<title>Photorefractive properties of TNFM-sensitized PVK-based polymer composites and fully functionalized polymethacrylates</title> (2000)

We have studied the photorefractive properties of (2,4,7-trinitro-9- fluorenylidene)malononitrile (TNFM) sensitized poly(N-vinylcarbazole)/N- ethylcarbazole polymer composites doped with 2-(3,4,4-trimethylhex-2- ene-1-ylidene)-1,3-propanedinitrile and related dyes. Characterization included four-wave mixing experiments, two beam coupling and photoconductivity measurement at a wavelength of 780 nm. At an applied field of 53 V/micrometers , we have observed complete internal diffraction and at 60 V/micrometers a gain coefficient of 230 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>. Small alterations in the chromophore donor group substituents were used to tune the ionization potential of the dopant dye by 0.3 eV. They affected the grating build-up time, photorefractive phase shift, and complexation with TNFM. This performance is compared to that of three newly synthesized polymethacrylates functionalized with carbazole, a dodecyl chain as an internal plasticizer and three different dyes. Here we observe net two-beam coupling gain and a diffraction efficiency of 60% at 58 V/micrometers .
Production of hydrogen in the reaction between aluminum and water in the presence of NaOH and KOH (2012)

The objective of this work is to investigate the production of hydrogen as an energy source by means of the reaction of aluminum with water. This reaction only occurs in the presence of NaOH and KOH, which behave as catalysts. The main advantages of using aluminum for indirect energy storage are: recyclability, non-toxicity and easiness to shape. Alkali concentrations varying from 1 to 3 mol.L-1 were applied to different metallic samples, either foil (0.02 mm thick) or plates (0.5 and 1 mm thick), and reaction temperatures between 295 and 345 K were tested. The results show that the reaction is strongly influenced by temperature, alkali concentration and metal shape. NaOH commonly promotes faster reactions and higher real yields than KOH.
Salivary gland progenitor cell biology provides a rationale for therapeutic salivary gland regeneration (2011)

An irreversible loss of salivary gland function often occurs in humans after removal of salivary tumors, after therapeutic radiation of head and neck tumors, as a result of Sjögren's syndrome and in genetic syndromes affecting gland development. The permanent loss of gland function impairs the oral health of these patients and broadly affects their quality of life. The regeneration of functional salivary gland tissue is thus an important therapeutic goal for the field of regenerative medicine and will likely involve stem/progenitor cell biology and/or tissue engineering approaches. Recent reports demonstrate how both innervation of the salivary gland epithelium and certain growth factors influence progenitor cell growth during mouse salivary gland development. These advances in our understanding suggest that developmental mechanisms of mouse salivary gland development may provide a paradigm for postnatal regeneration of both mice and human salivary glands. Herein, we will discuss the developmental mechanisms that influence progenitor cell biology and the implications for salivary gland regeneration.
Induction of Nod2 in Myelomonocytic and Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Nuclear Factor-κB Activation (2002)

Nod2, a member of the Apaf1/Nod protein family, confers responsiveness to bacterial products and activates NF-kappaB, a transcription factor that plays a central role in innate immunity. Recently, genetic variation in Nod2 has been associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Here, we report that expression of Nod2 is induced upon differentiation of CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells into granulocyte or monocyte/macrophages. In peripheral blood cells, the highest levels of Nod2 were observed in CD14(+) (monocytes), CD15(+) (granulocytes), and CD40(+)/CD86(+) (dendritic cells) cell populations. Notably, stimulation of myeloblastic and epithelial cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide or TNFalpha resulted in up-regulation of Nod2. A search for consensus sites within the Nod2 promoter revealed a NF-kappaB binding element that was required for transcriptional activity in response to TNFalpha. Moreover, ectopic expression of p65 induced transactivation, whereas that of dominant-negative IkappaBalpha blocked the transcriptional activity of the Nod2 promoter. Upon stimulation with TNFalpha or lipopolysaccharide, both p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB were bound to the Nod2 promoter. Thus, Nod2 expression is enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines and bacterial components via NF-kappaB, a mechanism that may contribute to the amplification of the innate immune response and susceptibility to inflammatory disease.
Suppression of a sec63 mutation identifies a novel component of the yeast endoplasmic reticulum translocation apparatus. (1993)

Mutations in the SEC63 gene are associated with defects in protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as in nuclear protein localization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To identify proteins that might interact and/or function with SEC63p, we cloned a high copy suppressor (HSS1) of the temperature-sensitive lethal phenotype of the sec63-101 mutant. HSS1 is an allele-specific sec63 suppressor that encodes an integral ER membrane glycoprotein of 206 amino acids with the N-terminus in the ER lumen and C-terminal region in the cytoplasm. Haploid strains disrupted for HSS1 are temperature-sensitive for growth and accumulate precursor forms of Kar2p and invertase. The HSS1 null allele is synthetically lethal in combination with mutations affecting ER translocation. We propose that HSS1p is important for ER translocation and interacts with previously identified components of the yeast translocation apparatus. HSS1 is identical to SEC66, which encodes a glycoprotein complexed with SEC62p and SEC63p.
Concert Hall Geometry Optimization with Parametric Modeling Tools and Wave-Based Acoustic Simulations (2014)

Advances in computational capacity made available through graphics processing unit (GPU) processing and developments in parametrically driven design tools are creating new possibilities for acoustic design and analysis. In particular, wave-based numerical simulations are becoming more tractable, and geometry manipulations, which were once cumbersome manual work, can now be automated. A case study of concert hall section profile optimization is presented. Using RHINOCEROS software with the GRASSHOPPER parametric modeling plugin, geometries were automatically generated based on a few parameters, then evaluated using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) numerical simulations using GPU processing in MATLAB. The results from each iteration are used to inform a global optimization algorithm that conducts an intelligent search of the parameter space to find a solution in as few iterations as possible. The optimization is based on a stochastic model of the multidimensional objective function. The objective function is iteratively sampled and a simplified Bayesian approach is used for finding the set of parameters which is most likely to improve the current estimate of the global minimum at each iteration. With this method, curved and linear iterations of the sidewalls and under-balcony surfaces of a concert hall section were investigated. The objective was to deliver the most early energy, in the most uniform distribution, from multiple sources to multiple receiver positions.
Investigation of Coal Conversion under Conditions Simulating the Raceway of a Blast Furnace Using a Pulsed Air Injection, Wire-Mesh Reactor (2003)

Operating difficulties are encountered when high coal injection rates are used into the blast furnace raceway. An insight into the problems has been gained using a wire mesh reactor, which has been modified to inject short (5−500 ms) pulses of air or O2-enriched air through the sample holder, once the particles have reached peak experimental temperature. By manipulating the test procedure, it has been possible to measure the extents of successive pyrolysis, char combustion, and CO2-gasification that occur under simulated raceway conditions. In the wire-mesh reactor, the release of volatiles was completed within the heat-up period (∼300 ms, at a heating rate of 5000 °C s-1). For 20 ms air pulse times, complete consumption of the inlet O2 occurred (with concentrations in the range 21−75%) and the extent of combustion was limited by the amount of O2 supplied (i.e., it was diffusion-limited). Extents of CO2-gasification were measured in the temperature range 800−1500 °C, and the results suggest than many seconds are needed to achieve a reasonable extent of gasification. Overall, the results indicate that the extents of combustion and gasification of the char in the raceway (residence time < 50 ms) are likely to be low. However, a significant proportion of the char will subsequently react by gasification within the blast-furnace bed. Unreacted char and soot may either be trapped in the coke bed or entrained in the gas stream, giving rise to the problems observed at high coal injection rates.