gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying meaningful locations (2006)

Existing context-aware mobile applications often rely on location information. However, raw location data such as GPS coordinates or GSM cell identifiers are usually meaningless to the user and, as a consequence, researchers have proposed different methods for inferring so-called places from raw data. The places are locations that carry some meaning to user and to which the user can potentially attach some (meaningful) semantics. Examples of places include home, work and airport. A lack in existing work is that the labeling has been done in an ad hoc fashion and no motivation has been given for why places would be interesting to the user. As our first contribution we use social identity theory to motivate why some locations really are significant to the user. We also discuss what potential uses for location information social identity theory implies. Another flaw in the existing work is that most of the proposed methods are not suited to realistic mobile settings as they rely on the availability of GPS information. As our second contribution we consider a more realistic setting where the information consists of GSM cell transitions that are enriched with GPS information whenever a GPS device is available. We present four different algorithms for this problem and compare them using real data gathered throughout Europe. In addition, we analyze the suitability of our algorithms for mobile devices
Fecal Collection and Stabilization Methods for Improved Fecal DNA Test for Colorectal Cancer in a Screening Setting (2013)

Early detection of CRC and adenomas reduces CRC-related mortality. The optimal screening test for CRC is still a subject of debate, and molecular stool sample analysis could provide a valid alternative to conventional methods in terms of compliance and practicability. Seven fecal DNA storage systems were evaluated in two successive phases. In the first phase of the study was selected the preservative buffer able to ensure the best human DNA recovery. In the second phase was evaluated human DNA stability, amplificability and integrity in DNA extracted from selected buffer. Results showed that the best performance was obtained in samples stored in 100 mM EDTA buffer and Genefec buffer. Likewise buffer addition yielded a significant increase in DNA stability and integrity without PCR inhibition, compared to the matched aliquots with no buffer added. Our study shows that samples collected in stabilization solution stabilize DNA so that intact nucleic acids, are more effectively detectable in the molecular assay. DNA buffer preservation and storage conditions could be useful to guarantee the most consistent yield in human DNA. Stabilization buffer addition to stool samples prior to transport presents an easily implemented solution that appears to be highly effective. Overall DNA extracted from faeces preserved in preservative buffer can feasibility been used for molecular analysis leading to an increase of assay sensitivity.
Photovoltaic Power Conditioning System With Line Connection (2006)

A photovoltaic (PV) power conditioning system (PCS) with line connection is proposed. Using the power slope versus voltage of the PV array, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller that produces a smooth transition to the maximum power point is proposed. The dc current of the PV array is estimated without using a dc current sensor. A current controller is suggested to provide power to the line with an almost-unity power factor that is derived using the feedback linearization concept. The disturbance of the line voltage is detected using a fast sensing technique. All control functions are implemented in software with a single-chip microcontroller. Experimental results obtained on a 2-kW prototype show high performance such as an almost-unity power factor, a power efficiency of 94%, and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 3.6%
Effects of CH-19 Sweet, a Non-Pungent Cultivar of Red Pepper, on Sympathetic Nervous Activity, Body Temperature, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure in Humans (2007)

We investigated the changes in autonomic nervous activity, body temperature, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) after intake of the non-pungent pepper CH-19 Sweet and of hot red pepper in humans to elucidate the mechanisms of diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) due to CH-19 Sweet. We found that CH-19 Sweet activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and enhances thermogenesis as effectively as hot red pepper, ant that the heat loss effect due to CH-19 Sweet is weaker than that due to hot red pepper. Furthermore, we found that intake of CH-19 Sweet does not affect systolic BP or HR, while hot red pepper transiently elevates them. These results indicate that DIT due to CH-19 Sweet can be induced via the activation of SNS as well as hot red pepper, but that the changes in BP, HR, and heat loss effect are different between these peppers.
REC Quadrupoles and Dipoles with Circular and Elliptical Cross Sections (1983)

We have shown that a 2-D elliptical REC ring can be designed to produce a pure quadrupole or a pure dipole field, and that the limiting quadrupole field at the bore can be increased by a factor 32/27 over the circular ring for a major/minor axis ratio of 2. We have also obtained the multipole field spectrum for trapezoidal segments and developed a computer program which adjusts the easy axis orientation and segment angle openings to cause several of the unwanted multipole. coefficients to vanish. Numerical results are presented which show that a large number of segments is needed to approach the results for the elliptical case.
Effects of Substituent Modification on Face Selection in Reduction (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTEffects of Substituent Modification on Face Selection in ReductionCheryl D. Jones, Mira Kaselj, Ralph N. Salvatore, and William J. le NobleView Author Information Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 8, 2758–2760Publication Date (Web):March 31, 1998Publication History Received19 November 1997Published online31 March 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9721296https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9721296brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views664Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Anions,Cations,Redox reactions,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
Theoretical analysis of active ring microresonator filter (2007)

This paper addresses on the theoretical analysis of a novel active ring microresonator filter, which is designed on Er-Yb co-doped phosphate glass. The filter characteristics of the proposed filter is analyzed by transfer matrix method, some universal relations for coupling of optical power between microresonator and dielectric waveguides and pump power are presented. The analytical expressions of filter bandwidth, free spectral range, and finesse are derived. Numerical results demonstrate that the change of pump power does not alter the resonance performance of ring micro-resonator filter, the improvement of which will have important effect on output characteristics of filter: reducing the filter bandwidth and increasing the finesse of the resonator filter.
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and Sturge-Weber syndrome: variations on a theme? (2003)

We describe a patient with a complex neurocutaneous syndrome of congenital vascular malformations, abnormalities of brain and bones, and soft tissue hypertrophy of one leg. According to eponymous classification schemes, the patient can be assigned to two different clinical entities. Using the lethal gene theory it is possible to unify these different syndromes and to explain the overlap and diversity of these congenital vascular syndromes. We argue that it is better to describe such vascular malformation syndromes in anatomical/histological or functional terms and map the extent of the disease, rather than name it according to the eponymous classification.
Geometry-aware metropolis light transport (2018)

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) rendering utilizes a sequence of correlated path samples which is obtained by iteratively mutating the current state to the next. The efficiency of MCMC rendering depends on how well the mutation strategy is designed to adapt to the local structure of the state space. We present a novel MCMC rendering method that automatically adapts the step sizes of the mutations to the geometry of the rendered scene. Our geometry-aware path space perturbation largely avoids tentative samples with zero contribution due to occlusion. Our method limits the mutation step size by estimating the maximum opening angle of a cone, centered around a segment of a light transport path, where no geometry obstructs visibility. This geometry-aware mutation increases the acceptance rates, while not degrading the sampling quality. As this cone estimation introduces a considerable overhead if done naively, to make our approach efficient, we discuss and analyze fast approximate methods for cone angle estimation which utilize the acceleration structure already present for the ray-geometry intersection. Our new approach, integrated into the framework of Metropolis light transport, can achieve results with lower error and less artifact in equal time compared to current path space mutation techniques.
Four-mirror unobscured anastigmatic telescopes with all-spherical surfaces (1978)

A variety of four-mirror telescopes are described, all corrected for spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism; all unobscured; and all with spherical surfaces. Performance is discussed with an afocal beam expander and a flat-field telescope as typical design examples.
The electrical activity of the digestive tract of the sheep as an indication of the mechanical events in various regions (1970)

1. A method is described in the conscious sheep for recording oscillographically the electrical potentials led from enamelled stainless-steel wires implanted in the wall of the stomach and intestine.2. Slow waves characterized by cyclically recurring and rhythmic fluctuation in voltage have been recorded, together with the superimposed fast activity or burst of spikes when the muscle is contracting. The whole activity comprised a distinguishable pattern of grouped discharge which is synchronous with mechanical events within different regions of the alimentary tract.3. Grouped discharge occurs at a regular frequency of 7/min in the pyloric part of the abomasum and 18/min from the intestine, but 13/min from the middle duodenum and proximal ileum. Only the major grouped discharges of the fore-stomach is correlated with the orderly sequential movements of the reticulum and rumen.4. The relationship between electrical and mechanical activity of the reticulo-rumenal movements was examined at rest, and during feeding and ruminating.5. Electrical correlates of motor activity in the small bowel were investigated under different dietary regimens.
Modeling Single-Neuron Dynamics and Computations: A Balance of Detail and Abstraction (2006)

The fundamental building block of every nervous system is the single neuron. Understanding how these exquisitely structured elements operate is an integral part of the quest to solve the mysteries of the brain. Quantitative mathematical models have proved to be an indispensable tool in pursuing this goal. We review recent advances and examine how single-cell models on five levels of complexity, from black-box approaches to detailed compartmental simulations, address key questions about neural dynamics and signal processing.
Ordering the Cell Death Pathway (1996)

Previous studies indicate that activation of c-Jun kinase (JNK) is necessary for apoptosis of trophic factor-deprived PC12 cells and that death in this system is suppressed by multiple agents, including BCL2, inhibitors of the interleukin-1-converting enzyme (ICE) family of proteases, blockers of transcription, and a variety of small molecules with differing modes of action. Here, we determine the order in which these agents block apoptosis relative to JNK activation. Overexpression of BCL2 promotes PC12 cell survival and blocks JNK activation caused by trophic factor withdrawal. Similarly, the survival-promoting agents aurintricarboxylic acid, N-acetylcysteine, the nitric oxide generator diethylenetriamine nitric oxide, 8-bromo-cGMP, and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP act upstream to inhibit JNK activation. In contrast, zVAD-fluoromethylketone (a permeant ICE family inhibitor), actinomycin D, and the G1/S cell cycle inhibitor deferoxamine, all promote survival after trophic factor withdrawal, but do not affect JNK activation. These findings are consistent with the presence of an ordered cell death pathway triggered by trophic factor deprivation in which 1) BCL2 and a number of survival-promoting agents act upstream of JNK, 2) ICE family protease actions, regulated genes required for cell death, and certain cell cycle blockers lie either downstream of JNK or on independent pathways required for apoptotic death.
Finite Element Model Development For Aircraft Fuselage Structures (2000)

The ability to extend the valid frequency range for finite element based structural dynamic predictions using detailed models of the structural components and attachment interfaces is examined for several stiffened aircraft fuselage structures. This extended dynamic prediction capability is needed for the integration of mid-frequency noise control technology. Beam, plate and solid element models of the stiffener components are evaluated. Attachment models between the stiffener and panel skin range from a line along the rivets of the physical structure to a constraint over the entire contact surface. The finite element models are validated using experimental modal analysis results.
Magnetic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles (2007)

We experimentally show that it is possible to induce room-temperature ferromagnetic-like behavior in ZnO nanoparticles without doping with magnetic impurities but simply inducing an alteration of their electronic configuration. Capping ZnO nanoparticles ( approximately 10 nm size) with different organic molecules produces an alteration of their electronic configuration that depends on the particular molecule, as evidenced by photoluminescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopies and altering their magnetic properties that varies from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic-like behavior.
Knowledge organization in intelligent tutoring systems for diagnostic problem solving in complex dynamic domains (1995)

Turbinia-Vyasa is a computer-based instructional system that trains operators to troubleshoot and diagnose faults in marine power plants. The simulator, Turbinia, is based on a hierarchical representation of subsystems, components, and primitives. Vyasa is the computer-based tutor that teaches the troubleshooting task using Turbinia. The simulator, an interactive, direct manipulation interface, and the tutor (with its expert, student, and instructional modules) comprise the instructional system. To be effective, knowledge about the system and the troubleshooting task, together with the knowledge to infer student's misconceptions from observed actions and pedagogical knowledge, must be suitably organized and presented to the student. System knowledge is organized in terms of schematics, subsystems, and fluid paths, which are further decomposed into structure, function, and behavior. Information about failures and failure schemas complement the system knowledge. In the paper, the authors discuss the details of knowledge organization and show how they support the functions of the intelligent tutoring system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional expression of the extracellular-Ca2+-sensing receptor in mouse taste cells (2010)

Three types of morphologically and functionally distinct taste cells operate in the mammalian taste bud. We demonstrate here the expression of two G-protein-coupled receptors from the family C, CASR and GPRC6A, in the taste tissue and identify transcripts for both receptors in type I cells, no transcripts in type II cells and only CASR transcripts in type III cells, by using the SMART-PCR RNA amplification method at the level of individual taste cells. Type I taste cells responded to calcimimetic NPS R-568, a stereoselective CASR probe, with Ca(2+) transients, whereas type I and type II cells were not specifically responsive. Consistent with these findings, certain amino acids stimulated PLC-dependent Ca(2+) signaling in type III cells, but not in type I and type II cells, showing the following order of efficacies: Phe~Glu>Arg. Thus, CASR is coupled to Ca(2+) mobilization solely in type III cells. CASR was cloned from the circumvallate papilla into a pIRES2-EGFP plasmid and heterologously expressed in HEK-293 cells. The transfection with CASR enabled HEK-293 cells to generate Ca(2+) transients in response to the amino acids, of which, Phe was most potent. This observation and some other facts favor CASR as the predominant receptor subtype endowing type III cells with the ability to detect amino acids. Altogether, our results indicate that type III cells can serve a novel chemosensory function by expressing the polymodal receptor CASR. A role for CASR and GPRC6A in physiology of taste cells of the type I remains to be unveiled.
A tool for the morphological analysis of mixtures of lipids and water in computer simulations (2010)

When analyzing computer simulations of mixtures of lipids and water, the questions to be answered are often of a morphological nature. They can deal with global properties, like the kind of phase that is adopted or the presence or absence of certain key features like a pore or stalk, or with local properties, like the local curvature present at a particular part of the lipid/water interface. While in principle all of the information relating to the global and local morphological properties of a system can be obtained from the set of atomic coordinates generated by a computer simulation, the extraction of this information is a tedious task that usually involves using a visualization program and performing the analysis by eye. Here we present a tool that employs the technique of morphological image analysis (MIA) to automatically extract the global morphology--as given by Minkowski functionals--from a set of atomic coordinates, and creates an image of the system onto which the local curvatures are mapped as a color code.
Late conversion from steroids to azathioprine in cyclosporin-treated renal graft recipients (1989)

Abstract. In renal graft recipients primarily treated with cyclosporin and low-dose methylprednisolone, withdrawal of the long-term steroid medication increases the likelihood of developing rejection episodes. In order to determine the predictive value of clinical parameters and routine prewithdrawal graft biopsies for the risk of rejection, the authors studied 141 kidney recipients from whom steroids were withdrawn 7–9 months after transplantation in a clinically stable situation. Both the quality of the HLA-match and the results of prospective graft biopsies were found to correlate significantly to the occurrence of acute rejection. In order to investigate the influence of additional azathioprine medication on the incidence of acute rejections in recipients not receiving steroids, immunosuppression was continued with cyclosporin monotherapy in 88 patients and with cyclosporin plus azathioprine in 53 patients. The risk of developing rejection episodes was significantly reduced from 48% after 1 year on monotherapy to 28% after the addition of azathioprine medication.
The NeuroProbes project: A concept for electronic depth control (2008)

The European project NeuroProbes has introduced a new methodology to allow the fine positioning of electrodes within an implantable probe with respect to individual neurons. In this approach, probes are built with a very large number of electrodes which are electronically selectable. This feature is implemented thanks to the modular approach adopted in NeuroProbes, which will allow the implementation of integrated electronics both along the probe shaft and on the array backbone.
THE GRADATION OF EFFECTIVENESS AND ABSORPTION OF DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE PELLETS BY DILUTION WITH CHOLESTEROL<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup> (1950)

Since their introduction pellets of steroid hormones have enjoyed wide popularity, both in experimental and clinical medicine (Segaloff 1950). The usefulness of this method was greatly extended by Shimkin’s suggestion that pellets diluted with cholesterol are absorbed at a slower rate. There has been one experiment of which I am aware in which absorption of the cholesterol diluent was assessed by direct measurement of the cholesterol (Fuenzalida, 1944), and another in which the active steroid was measured by biologic assay (Shimkin, 1941). However, I know of no study in which an attempt was made to correlate the possible gradations of both effectiveness and absorption of the active steroid when progressive dilutions with cholesterol were employed. This report represents our first attempt to correlate effectiveness and absorption in pellets diluted with progressively larger amounts of cholesterol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two types of desoxycorticosterone acetate (hereafter called DCA) pellets were employed.
Online Index Selection Using Deep Reinforcement Learning for a Cluster Database (2020)

Index selection plays a substantial role in database performance by reducing the I/O cost. Existing index advisors apply different heuristic methods to search the large search space of possible attributes for indexing. These heuristic approaches do not have a mechanism to learn about the goodness of the recommended index set. Thus, they might choose the same index set with a low impact on I/O cost reduction. Learning from their decisions can improve the quality of the recommended index set. We believe that Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a solution to tackle this issue. Using DRL, an index advisor can improve its decision using the feedbacks of its decisions. In this paper, we propose a DRL-index advisor for a cluster database. We describe the major components such as agent, environment, set of actions, the reward function, and other modules. We conclude the paper with open challenges and possible future work.
Y2K - Was It Worth It? (2000)

Australia's expenditure of about $12 billion on Y2K is under question as people want to know whether it was worth spending all that money. That question can never be answered fairly but the lessons learnt and the challenges faced are for the emergency managers, collectively, to build on the partnerships established and to develop and promote the importance of planning and preparing for infrastructure failures.