gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semisynthetic sphingolipids prevent protein kinase C translocation and neuronal damage in the perifocal area following a photochemically induced thrombotic brain cortical lesion. (1993)

A vascular thrombotic lesion localized to the rat sensorimotor cortex was produced following intravenous injection of the photosensitive dye rose bengal, and its activation with a small beam of high-intensity white light focused to the skull overlaying the sensorimotor cortex. In the sensorimotor cortex at various times after the triggering event, two contiguous brain regions with different degree(s) of neuronal damage can be distinguished: (1) a primary thrombotic ischemic core where the majority of cells are dead and (2) a penumbra region surrounding the core lesion in which a slower progressive neuronal degeneration is occurring. Importantly, in both brain regions the neuronal degeneration is associated with the activation and persistent translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) as indicated by an increase in 4-beta-3H-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (3H-PDBu) binding. Moreover, the demonstration that in the area penumbra the neuronal degeneration and the persistent translocation of PKC can be inhibited by a pretreatment with dizocilpine (i.e., MK-801) indicates that the dynamics of the progression of the neuronal degeneration are maintained by glutamate accumulating in the extraneuronal fluids. MK-801 additionally prevents the transcriptional activation of several immediate-early genes (IEGs) (e.g., c-fos) and their cognate third nuclear messenger (i.e., c-Fos) expression present in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the lesion. On the other hand, LIGA4 and LIGA20 derivatives of GM1 lysoganglioside reduce the membrane translocation of PKC and the neuronal damage in the penumbra area, but fail to change the increase of IEG expression in the cortex ipsilateral to the lesion.
The Biochemistry of Antibiotics (1952)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Hybrid coding scheme based on repeat-accumulate and polar codes (2012)

A hybrid coding scheme using repeat-accumulate (RA) code and polar code as subcodes is presented to improve the performance of block error probability. As the simplest turbo-like code, punctured RA code is introduced to improve the reliability of the hybrid scheme. A low complexity algorithm, belief propagation/successive cancellation hybrid decoding algorithm is proposed. Compared with polar code, this hybrid scheme can provide 0.3 dB coding gain with the code length 1024 and code rate 1/2. In contrast with RA code, it has no error floor in the additive white Gaussian noise channel.
The Use of a Sensitive Equilibrium Dialysis Method for the Measurement of Free Testosterone Levels in Healthy, Cycling Women and in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Measurements of total and free testosterone levels in women have lacked precision and accuracy because of limited assay sensitivity. The paucity of normative data on total and free testosterone levels in healthy women has confounded interpretation of androgen levels in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other disease states. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to develop sensitive assays for the measurement of the low total and free testosterone levels in women to define the range for these hormones during the normal menstrual cycle and assess the total and free testosterone levels in HIV-infected women. By using a larger volume of serum, increasing the incubation time, and reducing the antibody concentration, the sensitivity of the total testosterone assay was increased to 0.008 nmol/L, and that of the free testosterone assay was increased to 2 pmol/L. The mean percent free testosterone was 1.0 +/- 0.1% of the total testosterone. Serum total and free testosterone levels in the follicular and luteal phases were not significantly different, but both demonstrated a modest preovulatory increase, 3 days before the LH peak. Serum total [0.50 +/- 0.32 (14.60 +/- 9.22) vs. 1.2 +/- 0.7 nmol/L (34.3 +/- 21.0 ng/dL); P < 0.0001] and free testosterone levels (5.56 +/- 2.70 (1.58 +/- 0.80) vs. 12.8 +/- 5.5 pmol/L (3.4 +/- 1.7 pg/mL); P < 0.0001) were significantly lower in HIV-infected women (n = 37) than in healthy women (n = 34). Serum total and free testosterone levels were also significantly lower in HIV-infected women who were menstruating normally. There were no significant differences in serum total and free testosterone levels between those who had lost weight and those who had not. Testosterone levels correlated inversely with plasma HIV ribonucleic acid copy number. Serum FSH, but not LH, levels were significantly higher in HIV-infected women than in controls. Using assays with sufficient sensitivity, we defined the range for total and free testosterone levels during the normal menstrual cycle. Serum total and free testosterone levels are lower in HIV-infected women and correlate inversely with plasma HIV ribonucleic acid levels. The hypothesis that androgen deficiency contributes to wasting in HIV-infected women remains to be tested.
Link-Based Similarity Measures Using Reachability Vectors (2014)

We present a novel approach for computing link-based similarities among objects accurately by utilizing the link information pertaining to the objects involved. We discuss the problems with previous link-based similarity measures and propose a novel approach for computing link based similarities that does not suffer from these problems. In the proposed approach each target object is represented by a vector. Each element of the vector corresponds to all the objects in the given data, and the value of each element denotes the weight for the corresponding object. As for this weight value, we propose to utilize the probability of reaching from the target object to the specific object, computed using the "Random Walk with Restart" strategy. Then, we define the similarity between two objects as the cosine similarity of the two vectors. In this paper, we provide examples to show that our approach does not suffer from the aforementioned problems. We also evaluate the performance of the proposed methods in comparison with existing link-based measures, qualitatively and quantitatively, with respect to two kinds of data sets, scientific papers and Web documents. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed methods significantly outperform the existing measures.
Protein modification by a Maillard reaction intermediate methylglyoxal (1997)

Methylglyoxal (MG), an endogenous metabolite that increases in diabetes, is a common intermediate in nonenzymatic glycation (Maillard reaction) in vivo. Here we describe the immunochemical approach to the detection of MG adducts in proteins in vitro and in atherosclerotic lesions of human aorta in vivo. The reaction of protein (bovine serum albumin) with MG led to selective loss of arginine and lysine residues, accompanied by the formation of 5-methylimidazolone (N delta-(5-methylimidazolon-2-yl)ornithine) and imidazolysine (1,3-di-lysino-4-methylimidazole) derivatives, respectively. The anti-5-methylimidazolone antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits with a MG-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate and purifying the serum on an affinity gel prepared by covalent attachment of the 5-methylimidazolone derivative. The antibody cross-reacted with the proteins treated with not only MG but trioses, such as hydroxyacetone, dihydroxyacetone, and glyceraldehyde. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that atherosclerotic lesions of human aorta contained 5-methylimidazolone derivatives whose distributions were identical to those of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) detected by the anti-AGE antibody.
Variable rate speech coding for multiple access wireless networks (2002)

Variable-rate speech coding is a key component of certain multiple access schemes for wireless networks. Such coding methods exploit the silent intervals in a conversation and the statistical variability of active speech, to enhance network capacity for a given speech quality. Voice activity detection schemes distinguish active speech from background noise. Variable-rate coding algorithms are based on source or network control of rate. A source-controlled variable-rate speech coding algorithm, named variable rate phonetic segmentation (VRPS), is described. In VRPS the rate and coding strategy are based on phonetic classification of speech segments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide on senescence of rice leaves (1998)

Lipid peroxidation is considered to be an important mechanism of leaf senescence. The peroxidation of lipids can be initiated by free radicals. H 2 O 2 itself is active oxygen species and can react with superoxide radicals to form more reactive hydroxyl radicals in the presence of trace amounts of Fe or Cu. Thus, it is of interest to inves- tigate the relationship between lipid peroxidation and H 2 O 2 -promoted senescence in detached rice leaves. H 2 O 2 ef- fectively promoted senescence and increased malondialdehyde levels in detached rice leaves under both light and dark conditions. However, the promotion of senescence by the exogenous level of H 2 O 2 is not associated with an increase in its endogenous level. Thiourea (a scavenger of hydroxyl radical) almost completely prevented H 2 O 2 - promoted senescence and the H 2 O 2 -induced decrease in superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities in light and darkness. It seems that promoted senescence by H 2 O 2 in detached rice leaves is associated free radical- induced lipid peroxidation.
Variable region sequences of autoantibodies from mice with experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (1993)

We have sequenced nine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) derived from C3H.SW mice in which experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was induced. The hybridomas were selected for binding to DNA or to HeLa nuclear extract (NE). Three mAb were found to bind DNA, and are shown to exhibit sequence characteristics of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies. One, mAb 2C4C2, is shown to use a heavy chain V region gene (VH) identical to the VH of anti-DNA mAb isolated from other lupus-prone mice, namely (NZB x NZW)F1. The light chain V region gene (VL) of mAb 2C4C2 is 98% homologous to the VL of another anti-DNA mAb, also isolated from (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. The other two anti-DNA mAb, 5G12-4 and 5G12-6, share 93% of their VH sequences with that of mAb 2C4C2. Six mAb bound proteins of HeLa NE. Four of these six antibodies were found to use the VH124 VH and V-L7 VL. The nine mAb use a total of five VH and four VL germ-line genes, demonstrating that the autoantibodies induced in mice with experimental SLE do not originate from one B cell clone. Three of these nine VH and VL were identical in sequence to germ-line genes, while at least three others had somatic mutations. The latter suggests that the above autoantibodies arise in mice by both usage of existing (pre-immune) B cells, and through an antigen-driven process. Furthermore, it appears that autoantibodies found in mice with experimental SLE use genetic elements similar to those used by mAb that were isolated from mouse strains which develop lupus spontaneously.
Splicing and bending losses of single-mode optical fibers (1978)

Splicing and bending losses are compared among step, power-law, W, ring-shaped, and M.W index singlemode optical fibers. A product of normalized offset and tilt misalignments D(N)Phi(N)is introduced to compare the permissible offset and tilt misalignments among these fibers. Permissible offset misalignment can be evaluated by D(N)/B(?) under constant bending loss condition. Here, B denotes the bending loss parameter. Numerical calculations on these parameters reveal that the required splicing accuracy is nearly identical for step, power-law, and W fibers. An index dip at the core center seems to cause deleterious effects on the splicing loss, provided that the fiber bending loss is kept constant. The effects of profile parameters on D(N)Phi(N) and D(N)/B(?) are investigated in detail.
A Gateway Architecture for Mobile Multimedia Streaming (2006)

Transmission of digital audio and video streams is one of the major applications in future wireless networks. Increasing bandwidths and processing power make it possible to receive video streams almost everywhere. But the classes of mobile devices vary from multimedia enabled mobile phones to high-end notebooks. The capabilities of these devices such as display resolution, processing power, memory size or network connection vary also so that we have to deal with a great heterogeneity of client devices. Thus, content providers have to take into account plenty of different requirements when offering video streams to users with mobile devices. In this paper we present a comprehensive gateway architecture for multimedia streaming using IETF standard protocols such as RTSP and RTP. This gateway system provides a video adaptation service for users with mobile devices. A mobile client discovers an appropriate gateway by using a gateway location mechanism. Based on the capabilities of the mobile device as well as on the user’s preferences, a suitable media format and adaptation method are chosen at the gateway by which the video is tailored to the requirements of the client. 1.
FRACTOGRAPHY OF POLYMER COMPOSITES: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE ISSUES (2013)

With the increasing prevalence of polymer composites in engineering applications, invariably mechanical failures of these components are occurring. Key to addressing this is fractographic analysis; the examination of fracture surfaces to deduce information about the damage and failure of components. The fractography of isotropic materials, particularly metals, has been
Subthreshold current model with modified threshold voltage for submicrometre scale GaAs MESFETs (1997)

A new analytical two-dimensional model is developed that accurately predicts channel potential variation with external voltages and along the length of the channel in the subthreshold regime, including drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) effects in GaAs MESFETs. Threshold voltage is modified to account for short channel effects. The parameters important for the modelling of subthreshold drain current are calculated and this provides the basis for a subthreshold current model. Moreover, the developed analytical models are compared with those of Adams and numerical analysis and good agreement is obtained.
Reactive Cavity Optical Force on Microdisk-Coupled Nanomechanical Beam Waveguides (2009)

We demonstrate spectrally tuned dispersive and reactive optical force in a cavity optomechanics system that comprises a microdisk and a vibrating nanomechanical beam waveguide. The waveguide coupled to the microdisk acts as a bosonic dissipation channel and its motion modulates the cavity's damping rate. As a result a reactive optical force arises in addition to the normal dispersive force. The cavity enhanced force is not observed at zero detuning but shows asymmetric behavior with a maximum at red-detuned offset. Such reactive cavity backaction force points to new avenues in cavity optomechanics.
RPS4-Mediated Disease Resistance Requires the Combined Presence of RPS4 Transcripts with Full-Length and Truncated Open Reading Frames (2003)

Arabidopsis RPS4 belongs to the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-nucleotide binding site (NBS)-Leu-rich repeat (LRR) class of disease resistance (R) genes. Like other family members in different plant species, RPS4 produces alternative transcripts with truncated open reading frames. The dominant alternative RPS4 transcripts are generated by retention of intron 3 or introns 2 and 3, which contain in-frame stop codons and lie downstream of the NBS-encoding exon. We analyzed the biological significance of these alternative transcripts in disease resistance by removing introns 2 and 3, either individually or in combination, from a functional RPS4-Ler (Landsberg erecta) transgene. Removal of one or both introns abolished the function of the RPS4 transgene, whereas expression was not affected. In addition, a truncated RPS4-Ler transgene encoding the putative TIR and NBS domains was not sufficient to confer resistance, suggesting that the combined presence of regular and alternative RPS4 transcripts is necessary for function. Interestingly, we observed partial resistance in transgenic lines expressing both intron-deficient and truncated transgenes. This finding confirms the requirement for regular and alternative RPS4 transcripts and indicates that alternative transcripts function at the protein level rather than as regulatory RNAs. Together with published results on the tobacco N gene, our data suggest that the generation of alternative TIR-NBS-LRR R gene transcripts is of general biological significance across plant species.
Biochemical Fluorometric Method for the Determination of Riboflavin in Milk (2007)

Front-face fluorescence; riboflavin; apo-riboflavin-binding protein; milk fluorescence.
Advanced Compatible Television: A Progress Report (1989)

Advanced compatible television (ACTV) is an evolutionary system that can be introduced in a single 6-MHz channel. The introductory system (ACTV-I) can be augmented with a second 6-MHz channel (to become ACTV-II) when spectrum is available. The ACTV broadcast signal is compatible with the existing NTSC broadcast service. NTSC receivers will display a normal aspect ratio, NTSC-quality picture. ACTV receivers will display a wide aspect ratio image with improved horizontal and vertical resolution. ACTV-II offers full HDTV performance that can be implemented when bright high-definition displays are available at consumer prices and when additional spectrum is available. ACTV-I's performance is intermediate between NTSC and ACTV-II. It is consistent with display technologies anticipated for the immediate future, and it can be delivered without waiting for additional spectrum to become available.
Data-driven respiratory gating based on localized diaphragm sensing in TOF PET (2020)

It is important to measure the respiratory cycle in positron emission tomography (PET) to enhance the contrast of the tumor as well as the accuracy of its localization in organs such as the lung and liver. Several types of data-driven respiratory gating methods, such as center of mass and principal component analysis, have been developed to directly measure the breathing cycle from PET images and listmode data. However, the breathing cycle is still hard to detect in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data, particularly in low dose PET/CT scans. To address this issue, a time-of-flight (TOF) PET is currently utilized for the data-driven respiratory gating because of its higher SNR and better localization of the region of interest. To further improve the accuracy of respiratory gating with TOF information, we propose an accurate data-driven respiratory gating method, which retrospectively derives the respiratory signal using a localized sensing method based on a diaphragm mask in TOF PET data. To assess the accuracy of the proposed method, the performance is evaluated with three patient datasets, and a pressure-belt signal as the ground truth is compared. In our experiments, we validate that the respiratory signal using the proposed data-driven gating method is well matched to the pressure-belt respiratory signal with less than 5% peak time errors and over 80% trace correlations. Based on gated signals, the respiratory-gated image of the proposed method provides more clear edges of organs compared to images using conventional non-TOF methods. Therefore, we demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve improvements for the accuracy of gating signals and image quality.
ON A CONDITION OF OSCILLATORY OF 3-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION (1995)

We consider the linear differential equations y〃'＋ P()y'＋Q()y=0 (1)(y＋P()y)'-Q()y =0 (2) Where (2) in the adjoint of (1) and P(), Q() are continuous functions satisfying P()0, Q()0, P()-Q()0 on [a, ). (3) In this, we show that a condition a oscillatory of(1).(omitted)
Giant magnetoresistive in soft ferromagnetic multilayers (1991)

We show that the in-plane magnetoresistance of sandwiches of uncoupled ferromagnetic (${\mathrm{Ni}}_{81}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{19}$,${\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}$${\mathrm{Co}}_{20}$,Ni) layers separated by ultrathin nonmagnetic metallic (Cu,Ag,Au) layers is strongly increased when the magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic layers are aligned antiparallel. Using NiFe layers, we report a relative change of resistance of 5.0% in 10 Oe at room temperature. The comparison between different ferromagnetic materials (alloys or pure elements) leads us to emphasize the role of bulk rather than interfacial spin-dependent scattering in these structures, in contrast to Fe/Cr multilayers.
Influence of Phase Magnetic Couplings on Phase Current Characteristics of Multiphase BLDC Machines With Overlapping Phase Windings (2015)

Multiphase brushless dc (BLDC) machines are implemented in electric and hybrid electric vehicle applications due to their high torque/power density, good fault tolerance capability, and low torque ripple. Moreover, the per-phase converter rating can be reduced by increasing the phase number. However, the number of magnetic couplings between phases increases with the phase number, and these magnetic couplings can have an important influence on the machine performance. Therefore, they need to be considered in simulation models and their effect should be considered in control algorithms. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of magnetic phase couplings on the performance of multiphase BLDC machines with an overlapping phase winding configuration. First, a detailed electric machine model, in which the machine parameters that are determined by 2-D finite-element method analysis are implemented, is developed. Using this model, the influence of mutual inductances on phase current characteristics with pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and pulsewidth modulation (PWM) controls is investigated. In addition, a novel PAM-based control strategy, in which the effect of phase mutual inductances is considered, is proposed and analyzed. After demonstrating the influence of mutual inductances on phase current characteristics, the dependence of mutual inductances on the winding configuration is studied. Finally, experimental results with the PAM control and the new PAM-based control are used to validate the simulation results.
Noise performance scaling in high-speed silicon RF technologies (2003)

SiGe HBT technology has evolved rapidly during the past several years through both scaling and structural enhancements, with each contributing to improved low-noise performance. Vertical scaling has increased f/sub T/ by 4/spl times/ between the 0.5 /spl mu/m and 0.13/spl mu/m generations, contributing to a 2.5 dB drop in noise figure at 26 GHz. At the same time, both lateral scaling as well as the move to a raised-extrinsic-base structure have reduced R/sub B/ by 4.5/spl times/, contributing an additional 1 dB F/sub min/ drop. The resulting 200GHz SiGe HBT achieves F/sub min/ and G/sub A/ values of 1.1 dB and 9 dB at 26 GHz, respectively, with a projected F/sub min/ of 3.1-3.5 dB at 60 GHz. Such performance suggests that silicon enjoys great potential to serve a range of emerging wireless applications at high frequencies.