gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ceramic thermal barrier coatings (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCeramic thermal barrier coatingsCurt H. Liebert and Robert A. MillerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1984, 23, 3, 344–349Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300015a004https://doi.org/10.1021/i300015a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views646Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Machine Learning-based Early Termination in Prediction Block Decomposition for VP9 (2016)

VP9 is an open-source video codec released by Google. It introduces superblocks (SBs) of size 64 × 64, and uses a recursive decomposition scheme to break them all the way down to 4 × 4 blocks. This provides a large efficiency gain for VP9. However, it also brings large computational complexity when encoding because of the rate distortion (RD) optimization on prediction blocks. This paper proposes a method that can early terminate the block partitioning process based on the information of the current block. We first model the early termination decision as a binary classification problem. Second, to solve this classification problem, a weighted linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) is trained whose weights are determined by the RD cost increase caused by misclassification. Finally, we model the parameter selection of the SVM as an optimization problem, which can enable us to control the trade-off between time saving and RD cost increase. Experimental results on standard HD data shows that the proposed method can reduce the complexity of partitioning prediction blocks while maintaining comparable coding performance - The Bjøntegaard delta bit rate is ∼1.2% for ∼30% encoding time reduction.
Can Controversial Nanotechnology Promise Drug Delivery? (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTCan Controversial Nanotechnology Promise Drug Delivery?Venkat Ratnam Devadasu, Vivekanand Bhardwaj, and M. N. V. Ravi Kumar*View Author Information Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 3, 1686–1735Publication Date (Web):December 31, 2012Publication History Received7 February 2012Published online31 December 2012Published inissue 13 March 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300047qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300047qreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10148Altmetric-Citations172LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Drug delivery,Molecules,Nanoparticles,Pharmaceuticals,Polymers Get e-Alerts
The aminosterol antibiotic squalamine permeabilizes large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (1998)

The ability of the shark antimicrobial aminosterol squalamine to induce the leakage of polar fluorescent dyes from large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (LUVs) has been measured. Micromolar squalamine causes leakage of carboxyfluorescein (CF) from vesicles prepared from the anionic phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS), and cardiolipin. Binding analyses based on the leakage data show that squalamine has its highest affinity to phosphatidylglycerol membranes, followed by phosphatidylserine and cardiolipin membranes. Squalamine will also induce the leakage of CF from phosphatidylcholine (PC) LUVs at low phospholipid concentrations. At high phospholipid concentrations, the leakage of CF from PC LUVs deviates from a simple dose-response relationship, and it appears that some of the squalamine can no longer cause leakage. Fluorescent dye leakage generated by squalamine is graded, suggesting the formation of a discrete membrane pore rather than a generalized disruption of vesicular membranes. By using fluorescently labeled dextrans of different molecular weight, material with molecular weight </=4000 g/mol is released from vesicles by squalamine, but material with molecular weight >/=10,000 is retained. Negative stain electron microscopy of squalamine-treated LUVs shows that squalamine decreases the average vesicular size in a concentration-dependent manner. Squalamine decreases the size of vesicles containing anionic phospholipid at a lower squalamine/lipid molar ratio than pure PC LUVs. In a centrifugation assay, squalamine solubilizes phospholipid, but only at significantly higher squalamine/phospholipid ratios than required for either dye leakage or vesicle size reduction. Squalamine solubilizes PC at lower squalamine/phospholipid ratios than PG. We suggest that squalamine complexes with phospholipid to form a discrete structure within the bilayers of LUVs, resulting in the transient leakage of small encapsulated molecules. At higher squalamine/phospholipid ratios, these structures release from the bilayers and aggregate to form either new vesicles or squalamine/phospholipid mixed micelles.
A NAND Flash Memory Controller for SD/MMC Flash Memory Card (2007)

In this paper, a novel NAND flash memory controller was designed. A t-EC w-bit parallel Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquengham (BCH) error-correction code (ECC) was designed for correcting the random bit errors of the flash memory chip, which is suitable for the randomly bit errors property and parallel I/O interface of the NAND-type flash memory. A code-banking mechanism was designed for the tradeoffs between the controller cost and the in-system programmability (ISP) support. With the ISP functionality and the Flash parameters programmed in the reserved area of the flash memory chip during the card production stage, the function for supporting various kinds of NAND flash memory could be provided by a single controller. In addition, built-in defect management and wear-leveling algorithm enhanced the product life cycle and reliability. Dual channel accessing of the Flash memory provided the good performance in data transfer rate. With respect to the proposed controller architecture, a real secure digital card (SD)/multimedia card (MMC) flash memory card controller chip was designed and implemented with UMC 0.18 mum CMOS process. Experimental results show the designed circuit can fully comply with the system specifications and shows the good performances
World Inventory of Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium, 1992 (1993)

Characteristics of plutonium and highly enriched uranium inventories of military plutonium in the nuclear weapon states inventories of weapon-grade uranium in the nuclear weapon states plutonium contained in power reactor spent fuel reprocessing programmes and plutonium arisings commercial and R & D uses of plutonium highly enriched uranium in research reactors De Facto nuclear weapon states - Israel, India, and Pakistan countries of concern - Iraw, North Korea, Iran, and Algeria countries backing away from nuclear weapons - Argentina, Brazil, South Africa, and Taiwan overview of the present and future stocks of plutonium and HEU the main policy issues in outline.
Historical Development of the Newton–Raphson Method (1995)

This expository paper traces the development of the Newton-Raphson method for solving nonlinear algebraic equations through the extant notes, letters, and publications of Isaac Newton, Joseph Raphson, and Thomas Simpson.It is shown how Newton's formulation differed from the iterative process of Raphson, and that Simpson was the first to give a general formulation, in terms of fluxional calculus, applicable to nonpolynomial equations.Simpson's extension of the method to systems of equations is exhibited.
Shaping gate channels for improved devices (2008)

With the increased need for low power applications, designers are being forced to employ circuit optimization methods that make tradeoffs between performance and power. In this paper, we propose a novel transistor-level optimization method. Instead of drawing the transistor channel as a perfect rectangle, this method involves reshaping the channel to create an optimized device that is superior in both delay and leakage to the original device. The method exploits the unequal drive and leakage current distributions across the transistor channel to find an optimal non-rectangular shape for the channel. In this work we apply this technique to circuit-level leakage reduction. By replacing every transistor in a circuit with its optimally shaped counterpart, we achieve 5% savings in leakage on average for a set of benchmark circuits, with no delay penalty. This improvement is achieved without any additional circuit optimization iterations, and is well suited to fit into existing design flows.
1,2-Additions to heteroatom-substituted olefins by organopalladium reagents (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,2-Additions to heteroatom-substituted olefins by organopalladium reagentsG. Doyle Daves, Jr. and Anders HallbergCite this: Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 7, 1433–1445Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00097a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1357Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Comparison of cobinamide to hydroxocobalamin in reversing cyanide physiologic effects in rabbits using diffuse optical spectroscopy monitoring (2010)

Our purpose is to compare cobinamide to hydroxocobalamin in reversing cyanide (CN)-induced physiologic effects in an animal model using diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). Cyanide poisoning is a major threat worldwide. Cobinamide is a novel molecule that can bind two molecules of cyanide, has a much higher binding affinity than hydroxocobalamin, and is more water soluble. We investigated the ability of equimolar doses of cobinamide and hydroxocobalamin to reverse the effects of cyanide exposure in an animal model monitored continuously by DOS. Cyanide toxicity was induced in 16 New Zealand white rabbits by intravenous infusion. Animals were divided into three groups: controls (n=5) received saline following cyanide, hydroxocobalamin (N=6) following cyanide, and cobinamide (N=5) following cyanide. Cobinamide caused significantly faster and more complete recovery of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in cyanide-exposed animals than hydroxocobalamin- or saline-treated animals, with a recovery time constant of 13.8+/-7.1 min compared to 75.4+/-25.1 and 76.4+/-42.7 min, for hydroxocobalamin- and saline-treated animals, respectively (p<0.0001). This study indicates that cobinamide more rapidly and completely reverses the physiologic effects of cyanide than equimolar doses of cobalamin at the dose used in this study, and CN effects and response can be followed noninvasively using DOS.
Generic building blocks for the telecommunications management network (2003)

The TMN (telecommunications management network) is envisioned as an approach for interconnecting the network elements with the operations systems. The generic TMN is planned to be built with embedded operations channels now made available by the data links within ESF and SONET, SS7 signaling links, and dedicated channels. The concept of mediation is briefly reviewed. Three levels of mediation are defined: shelf/frame, office, and network node levels. A generic TMN node is described. It consists of transmission interfaces, a high-capacity message switch, and an open interface to computer elements. The latter is expected to be very important to the growth and performance of the TMN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel bidirectional and dual-redundancy hybrid electromagnetic brake for aircraft (2016)

This article presents a novel bidirectional and dual-redundancy hybrid electromagnetic brake with strong retention force and high reliability. The electromagnetic brake with two large working air gaps consists of two stationary components and a movable component which is fixed to the shaft. The stationary components are composed of iron cores, yokes, and two sets of coil windings in which one set of redundant ones can improve reliability. The movable component consists of a permanent magnet ring and yokes. When the power is outage, the permanent magnet can provide a constant retention force to keep the movable component park at end position. When the power is on, the working magnetic fluxes of the hybrid electromagnetic brake are generated by both the permanent magnet and the coil windings carrying DC forward or reverse current. The magnetic fluxes produced by coil windings control the movement direction of the movable component to realize braking or unlocking. First, the constraint conditions of magnetomotive force to ensure bidirectional movements were deduced using the equivalent magnetic circuit method. Then, the magnetic flux density and the electromagnetic forces were calculated by the finite element method. Simulation results validated the theoretical analysis and the reasonable design. This electromagnet can be used for the electrical brake not only in the more electric aircraft but also in other applications.
Design of Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticles for <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Gene Silencing (2012)

Over the past decade, the capability of double-stranded RNAs to interfere with gene expression has driven new therapeutic approaches. Since small interfering RNA (siRNAs, 21 base pair double-stranded RNA) was shown to be able to elicit RNA interference (RNAi), efforts were directed toward the development of efficient delivery systems to preserve siRNA bioactivity throughout the delivery route, from the administration site to the target cell. Here we provide evidence of RNAi triggering, specifically silencing c-myc protooncogene, via the synthesis of a library of novel multifunctional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The efficiency of the AuNPs is demonstrated using a hierarchical approach including three biological systems of increasing complexity: in vitro cultured human cells, in vivo invertebrate (freshwater polyp, Hydra ), and in vivo vertebrate (mouse) models. Our synthetic methodology involved fine-tuning of multiple structural and functional moieties. Selection of the most active functionalities was assisted step-by-step through functional testing that adopted this hierarchical strategy. Merging these chemical and biological approaches led to a safe, nonpathogenic, self-tracking, and universally valid nanocarrier that could be exploited for therapeutic RNAi.
Elements of mobile computing environment for future PCS networks (2002)

The purpose of this paper is two fold. The first is to study the crucial elements shaping the mobile computing environment for future PCS networks. It is our intention to approach this study from upward compatibility of currently established networking computing environment and systematic considerations of end-user requirements. The second is to conduct a detailed analysis, comparison, and discussion of the widely-used, open-operated Sun ONC secure RPC with our proposed generalized mechanism for secure internetworked information service creation. The comparison is made in four different aspects which are general architecture, protocols, security measures on authentication protocols, and performance with activity frequency analysis and load index. The results are documented.
The Steady Expiratory Pressure-Flow Relation in a Model Pulmonary Bifurcation (1993)

Experiments were conducted over a range of Reynolds numbers from 50 to 8000 to study the pressure-flow relationship for a single bifurcation in a multi-generation model during steady expiratory flow. Using the energy equation, the measured static pressure drop was decomposed into separate components due to fluid acceleration and viscous energy dissipation. The frictional pressure drop was found to closely approximate that for an equivalent length of curved tube with the same curvature ratio as in the model bifurcation. The sensitivity of these results to changes in airway cross-sectional shape, non-planar configuration, and flow regime (laminar-turbulent) was investigated. In separate experiments using dye visualization and hot-wire anemometry, a transition to turbulent flow was observed at Reynolds numbers between 1000 and 1500. Transition had very little effect on the pressure-flow relation.
A new architectural concept of hierarchical routing scheme for IPv6 in future high-speed large global Internet (2002)

Currently, the TCP/IP-enabled global Internet is the most important topic in computer networking. IPv6 is the most influential issue in the near-future high-speed large global Internet. And, the routing schemes of IPv6 routers will play the key role in achieving the requirements of a high-speed large global Internet for creating multimedia-based universal PCS. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a new concept of a hierarchical routing scheme for improving the routing in IPv6. The first part of the paper conducts an analysis of IPv6-based Internet with its routing requirements. The second part proposes an architectural hierarchical routing concept in order to achieve better efficiency and performance in the future IPv6-based Internet. The last part proposes the improvement of RIPng by taking advantage of our proposed architecture to make the so-called HRIPng for accomplishing better results which can work systematically as an IGP in any size of AS and core-router AS.
Waterproofing the Heme Pocket (2001)

The ability of myoglobin to bind oxygen reversibly depends critically on retention of the heme prosthetic group. Globin side chains at the Leu(89)(F4), His(97)(FG3), Ile(99)(FG5), and Leu(104)(G5) positions on the proximal side of the heme pocket strongly influence heme affinity. The roles of these amino acids in preventing heme loss have been examined by determining high resolution structures of 14 different mutants at these positions using x-ray crystallography. Leu(89) and His(97) are important surface amino acids that interact either sterically or electrostatically with the edges of the porphyrin ring. Ile(99) and Leu(104) are located in the interior region of the proximal pocket beneath ring C of the heme prosthetic group. The apolar amino acids Leu(89), Ile(99), and Leu(104) "waterproof" the heme pocket by forming a barrier to solvent penetration, minimizing the size of the proximal cavity, and maintaining a hydrophobic environment. Substitutions with smaller or polar side chains at these positions result in exposure of the heme to solvent, the appearance of crystallographically defined water molecules in or near the proximal pocket, and large increases in the rate of hemin loss. Thus, the naturally occurring amino acid side chains at these positions serve to prevent hydration of the His(93)-Fe(III) bond and are highly conserved in all known myoglobins and hemoglobins.
Pulmonary Complications of 9931 Narrow‐Bore Nasoenteric Tubes During Blind Placement (2011)

Practitioners need to be aware of the potential for pulmonary complications associated with blind NET placement. Changes in institutional protocol should be considered to minimize unnecessary risks. As with any procedure, experienced personnel should be primarily used for tube placement and responsible for assisting others with less familiarity to learn the proper methods.
Using structural relations for checking combinationality of cyclic circuits (2015)

Functionality and combinationality are two main issues that have to be dealt with in cyclic combinational circuits, which are combinational circuits containing loops. Cyclic circuits are combinational if nodes within the circuits have definite values under all input assignments. For a cyclified circuit, we have to check whether it is combinational or not. Thus, this paper proposes an efficient two-stage algorithm to verify the combinationality of cyclic circuits. A set of cyclified IWLS 2005 benchmarks are performed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Compared to the state-of-the-art algorithm, our approach has a speedup of about 4000 times on average.
Depurar aguas y responsabilidades. Las multas de 32.711.039,34€ del TJUE al Reino de España (2020)

En pleno estado de alarma por la Covid-19 se publico en el BOE de 20 de marzo de 2020 la Resolucion de 11 de marzo de 2020 que hace publico el Acuerdo del Consejo de Ministros de 10 de marzo de 2020, por el que se resuelve el procedimiento de determinacion y repercusion entre las distintas Administraciones Publicas de las responsabilidades por incumplimiento del Derecho de la Union Europea en materia de recogida y tratamiento de aguas residuales que ha supuesto a Espana un desembolso total de 32.711.039,34€ como consecuencia de la multa a tanto alzado y dos multas coercitivas impuestas por el TJUE. Aunque este asunto haya pasado ciertamente desapercibido ante la intensidad de la pandemia, es el momento de analizar juridicamente el incumplimiento por las distintas Administraciones involucradas de sus obligaciones relativas a la recogida y al tratamiento de las aguas residuales.