gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalytic system for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles using air as the oxidant (2014)

Copper–zinc supported on Al2O3–TiO2 was found as a simple and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidative synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives using air as the green oxidant under ligand-, base- and additive-free conditions. The heterogeneous reactions carried out smoothly with a large range of substrates, including NO2-, vinyl-, pyrimidine- and imidazole-contained starting materials, and provided corresponding triazoles in moderate to excellent yields with low catalyst loading (1.6 mol%). Furthermore, the catalyst can be simply recycled many times without significant loss in catalytic activity.
High-Resolution Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Patterned via Contact Printing (2016)

In this study, we report a contact printing technique that uses polyurethane-acrylate (PUA) polymers as the printing stamps to pattern electroluminescent layers of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). We demonstrate that electroluminescent thin films can be printed with high uniformity and resolution. We also show that the performance of the printed devices can be improved via postprinting thermal annealing, and that the external quantum efficiency of the printed devices is comparable with the efficiency of the vacuum-deposited OLEDs. Our results suggest that the PUA-based contact printing can be used as an alternative to the traditional shadow mask deposition, permitting manufacturing of OLED displays with the resolution up to the diffraction limit of visible-light emission.
Yield improvement via automatic analysis of wafer-processing order (1998)

Manufacturing tools may process wafers in different fashions: by group of lots, by lot, by group of wafers, one- by-one in single or multichamber tools,... The order sequence in which wafers are processed in a given step of the manufacturing routing can be used as a valuable source for yield improvement. Within this scope we published on SPIE's 1996 Microelectronic Manufacturing an Advanced Software System to correlate order-sequences versus any yield related metric. Since then we have developed a new generation of Software named POSISCAN which automates the analysis and detection of 'order patterns', that is, footprints of the yield being impacted by the order in which the wafers were processed in a specific tool. Yield degradation induced on each process can have a kind of footprint. We have accumulated a wealth of these footprints and developed a very fine knowledge-based algorithm to automatically detect them on every lot. The effectiveness of this automated POSISCAN tool is remarkably high and is having a big impact on time to detection/analysis/root-cause of yield loss.
A liquid-triggered liquid microvalve (2004)

This work introduces a novel surface tension and geometry based liquid-triggered liquid microvalve for on-chip liquid control. The simultaneous presence of two liquid plugs at the uncomplicated valve junction triggers the further movement of the liquids and overcomes the stop valve function of the device, thereby providing a precise means of timing liquid movement on-chip. The structure was shown to successfully function and forms the basis for several novel and useful functions, including fluidic AND gates, contactless on-chip liquid sample control, timing of independent processes on the same microchip, bubble-free joining of liquids, all of which pose great challenges in the area of microfluidics.
Optical Properties of Nickel Oxide (1959)

The absorption spectrum of single crystal NiO has been measured in the 0.1 to 6 ev range and its reflectivity spectrum from 0.025 to 10 ev. The absorption spectrum shows a series of lines from 1 to 3.5 ev arising from internal transitions of the Ni ion. A continuous background absorption occurs in the range from 0.1 to 3.5 ev whose magnitude increases with impurity concentration. The absorption coefficient rises steeply above 3.5 ev and reaches a value of ${10}^{6}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at and above 4 ev. An absorption line at 0.24 ev is found to be temperature sensitive in both intensity and frequency in the range above 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Its behavior suggests that it is connected with the antiferromagnetic ordering. The reststrahlen spectrum was observed with the following parameters: high- and low-frequency dielectric constants 5.4 and 12, respectively; energies of longitudinal and transverse optical mode vibrations are 0.076 and 0.044 ev, respectively.
Wideband 3D coplanar waveguide to thin-film microstrip transition in multilayer technology (2011)

Novel via-less multilayer coplanar waveguide (CPW) to thin-film microstrip (TFMS) transitions are presented using electromagnetic simulations and experimental measurements. The proposed transition design demonstrates a maximum insertion loss of 1dB over the frequency range from 8 to 42 GHz and a return loss which is lower than 18dB from 19 to 71 GHz. A variety of applications of the transition could be found due to its compatibility with RF systems on chip, low cost, low loss performance and its ease of fabrication.
Avalanche Multiplication in Silicon Junctions† (1962)

ABSTRACT The multiplication of carriers generated in the space-charge layer of reverse biased silicon pn step junctions has been calculated in terms of the multiplication of electrons and holes injected into the junction. Curves are plotted for p+n and n+p junctions, and good agreement has been found with experimental curves.
Structural Basis of α‐Fucosidase Inhibition by Iminocyclitols with <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> Values in the Micro‐ to Picomolar Range (2009)

Two loops were found to move inward toward the α-fucosidase active site to produce a closed conformation of complexes with inhibitors with increasing Ki values from the micro- to nanomolar range. Although no further conformational changes in the two loops are observed for inhibitors with sub-nanomolar Ki values, the loops are additionally stabilized by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.
Multi-document summarization using sentence clustering (2012)

This paper presents an approach to query focused multi document summarization by combining single document summary using sentence clustering. Both syntactic and semantic similarity between sentences is used for clustering. Single document summary is generated using document feature, sentence reference index feature, location feature and concept similarity feature. Sentences from single document summaries are clustered and top most sentences from each cluster are used for creating multi-document summary. We observed an average F-measure of 0.33774 on DUC 2002 multi-document dataset, which is comparable to three best performing systems reported on the same dataset.
A clinical model for identifying the short-term risk of breast cancer (2017)

Measures of mammographic features and information on HRT use, family history of breast cancer, and menopausal status enabled early identification of women within the mammography screening program at such a high risk of breast cancer that additional examinations are warranted. In contrast, women at low risk could probably be screened less intensively.
Post-Operative Metacarpophalangeal Arthroplasty Dynamic Splint for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (1988)

Following metacarpophalangeal (M.C.P. implant) arthroplasty, post-operative regime dictates the use of a splint for control of joint movement during capsular healing. At the Arthritis Society — British Columbia Division, a splint has been developed which allows for movement in the flexion and extension plane, adaptability to individual post-operative progress, and accurate positioning. This article provides a step-by-step outline for construction of this splint.
Practical zirconium-mediated deprotective method of allyl groups (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPractical zirconium-mediated deprotective method of allyl groupsHisanaka Ito, Takeo Taguchi, and Yuji HanzawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 3, 774–775Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00055a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00055a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views606Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
First-Principles Studies of the Structural and Electronic Properties of the (Ga<sub>1</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Zn<i><sub>x</sub></i>)(N<sub>1</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>O<i><sub>x</sub></i>) Solid Solution Photocatalyst (2008)

Design of visible-light-driven photocatalytic materials has attracted intense interest in recent years in an attempt to enhance photonic efficiencies of hydrogen production via water splitting. Recent studies have shown that a solid solution of GaN and ZnO, (Ga1-xZnx)(N1-xOx), can oxidize water under visible light in the presence of a sacrificial electron acceptor. Here we present a systematic study of the structural and electronic properties of this (Ga1-xZnx)(N1-xOx) solid solution as a function of zinc (oxygen) concentration, x, using density-functional theory (DFT). The DFT+U approach has been adopted, and two different periodic supercells, the 16-atom (Ga8-nZnn)(N8-nOn) and 32-atom (Ga16-nZnn)(N16-nOn), have been used to model this solid solution. Results obtained from both supercells are in qualitative agreement with available experimental findings (in the lower concentration range x < 0.25), although overall the larger 32-atom supercell provides a better description of the (Ga1-xZnx)(N1-xOx) solid solution. Downward bowing of the band gap over the entire composition range has been observed for both supercells, and the minimum “experimental” band gap is estimated to be about 2.29 eV for the intermediate concentration x = 0.525. This suggests that the photocatalytic activity of this solid solution can be improved further by increasing its zinc (oxygen) concentration.
Clinical and biochemical studies of bone destruction in cholesteatoma (1996)

The exact causative factor(s) of bone erosion in cholesteatoma are not known. In recent years, the possible role of cytokines has drawn attention. Since the studies on cytokines in cholesteatoma are limited and depend on histopathological methods, the present work approached this subject by biochemical determination of TNF-alpha lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase (total and tartrate resistant), cathepsin B, leucyl aminopeptidase lysozyme together with non-lysosomal enzymes calpain I and II in 50 cholesteatoma samples (epithelial and subepithelial tissues) in comparison with 14 normal skin samples from the external ear canal. The study revealed significantly increased levels of all previous indices in cholesteatoma epithelium and subepithelial tissues compared with healthy skin. The levels of these indices reflected the clinical severity of the disease as reflected by their significant increase in cases with erosion of two or three ossicles, erosion of dural plate, sinus plate and facial canal and more extensive cholesteatoma. It is likely that TNF-alpha acts both directly by causing bone erosion and indirectly by stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes. The latter mechanism is supported by the significant correlations observed between TNF-alpha and lysosomal enzymes. The non-lysosomal enzymes calpain I and II seem to participate in the bone erosion associated with cholesteatoma by their involvement in collagen destruction. Due to the suggested role of TNF-alpha in bone destruction associated with cholesteatoma the use of anti-inflammatory drugs should be taken into consideration in otitis media to diminish bone destruction. Similarly, antibiotics should be used to prevent the deleterious effects of bacterial endotoxin.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2,4‐DISUBSTITUTED 5‐BROMOPYRIMIDINES (1975)

Abstract Bei der Einwirkung der sek. Amine (II) auf das Dichlorbrompyrimidin (I) bilden sich überwiegend die 4‐substituierten Derivate (III) im Gemisch mit den 2‐Isomeren (IV), wobei (IVa) nicht isoliert, sondern nur NMR‐spektroskopisch nachgewiesen werden konnte.
Interleukin-23 and Th17 Cells in the Control of Gut Inflammation (2009)

Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in humans, have been traditionally associated with exaggerated and poorly controlled T helper (Th) type 1 or Th2 cell response, respectively. More recent studies have, however, shown that IBDs are also characterized by a sustained production of cytokines made by a distinct lineage of Th cells, termed Th17 cells. The demonstration that Th17-related cytokines cause pathology in many organs, including the gut, and that expansion and maintenance of Th17 cell responses require the activity of IL-23, a cytokine made in excess in the gut of IBD patients has contributed to elucidate new pathways of intestinal tissue damage as well as to design new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the available data supporting the role of the IL-23/Th17 axis in the modulation of intestinal tissue inflammation.
Flexible list management in a directory (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Flexible list management in a directory Authors: H. V. Jagadish AT&T Labs-Research AT&T Labs-ResearchView Profile , Mark A. Jones AT&T Labs-Research AT&T Labs-ResearchView Profile , Divesh Srivastava AT&T Labs-Research AT&T Labs-ResearchView Profile , Dimitra Vista AT&T Labs-Research AT&T Labs-ResearchView Profile Authors Info & Claims CIKM '98: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Information and knowledge managementNovember 1998 Pages 10–19https://doi.org/10.1145/288627.288636Online:01 November 1998Publication History 6citation234DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads234Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A new ultrasonic imaging system using time delay spectrometry (1974)

A new method of forming a visual image by ultrasound is described. A shadowgraphic transmission image similar to an X-ray radiograph is produced by the application of a technique known as Time Delay Spectrometry. The system uses a repetitive frequency sweep with a linear relationship between frequency and time and the transmitting and receiving crystal are scanned in raster fashion about the subject. By electronic processing, an image may be built up which represents the energy transmitted through the specimen with a given time delay. An intensity modulated picture encompassing the full shades-of-gray capability of the recording system can be produced. A second type of image showing transmission time through the specimen may also be formed. Brightness changes in the displayed image in this case correspond to changes in the ultrasonic transmission time through the specimen.
Avoiding packaging mismatch with flexible packaging (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Avoiding packaging mismatch with flexible packaging Author: Robert DeLine Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh PA Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICSE '99: Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Software engineeringMay 1999 Pages 97–106https://doi.org/10.1145/302405.302456Published:16 May 1999Publication History 28citation364DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations28Total Downloads364Last 12 Months30Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Self-winding of helices in plant tendrils and cellulose liquid crystal fibers (2010)

Passiflora edulis, like other climbing plants, possesses long, tender, soft, curly and flexible organs called tendrils whose circumnutation allows the plant to find support. Tendrils curl into spirals or twist into a helix, often of one handedness over half of its length and of the opposite handedness over the other half, the two halves being connected by a short straight section – a perversion, depending on whether they are supported at just one end or supported at both ends, respectively. This is a consequence of an intrinsic curvature of the tendrils. We report on liquid crystalline cellulosic fibers and jets, which mimic the shapes of helical tendril structures. Liquid crystalline and isotropic cellulosic precursor solutions of curved and straight fibers are examined using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM) techniques to determine morphological and structural features contributing to fiber curvature. We study the subtle physical mechanisms responsible for self-winding behavior as a result of the intrinsic curvature due to the non-uniform deformation of filaments. In the case of liquid-crystalline cellulosic fibers, this is due to a core of disclination forming off-axis along the filament. We also highlight the critical dependence of the helical structures on temperature, which offers a potential for direct fabrication of biocompatible tunable high-surface area membranes with mechanical adaptability.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Sensing In Vitro: Facile and Label-Free Detection of Apoptotic Cells at the Single-Cell Level (2013)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is well recognized as a powerful analytical tool, enabling ultrahigh sensitive detection of analytes at low concentrations, even down to single-molecule level. Of particular note, in comparison to sufficient investigations on SERS-based detection of biomolecules (e.g., DNA and protein), there has been relatively scanty information regarding in vitro and in vivo detection. In this Article, we demonstrate a kind of SERS-active substrate, i.e., AgNPs-decorated silicon wafer (AgNPs@Si), as a high-performance in vitro sensing platform for single-cell detection of apoptotic cells. The AgNPs@Si yields highly reproducible SERS signals with an enhancement factor of ∼10(7). Remarkably, cellular experiments show that facile, noninvasive, label-free, and sensitive detection of apoptotic cells is readily realized using the high-performance SERS-active platform. Three kinds of apoptotic cells treated with apoptosis inducer are facilely and sensitively detected at the single-cell level, suggesting the exciting potential of AgNPs@Si for SERS-based in vitro analysis and detection.
Im2Pano3D: Extrapolating 360 Structure and Semantics Beyond the Field of View (2017)

We present Im2Pano3D, a convolutional neural network that generates a dense prediction of 3D structure and a probability distribution of semantic labels for a full 360 panoramic view of an indoor scene when given only a partial observation (<= 50%) in the form of an RGB-D image. To make this possible, Im2Pano3D leverages strong contextual priors learned from large-scale synthetic and real-world indoor scenes. To ease the prediction of 3D structure, we propose to parameterize 3D surfaces with their plane equations and train the model to predict these parameters directly. To provide meaningful training supervision, we use multiple loss functions that consider both pixel level accuracy and global context consistency. Experiments demon- strate that Im2Pano3D is able to predict the semantics and 3D structure of the unobserved scene with more than 56% pixel accuracy and less than 0.52m average distance error, which is significantly better than alternative approaches.
A new deep-sea coaxial cable (1956)

Development work during the last five years has resulted in a new type of deep-sea coaxial cable which is cheaper and lighter than the present conventional type. It has no external armour and is virtually free from any tendency to kink. Ocean trials are about to take place, and, if successful, the armoured type of deep-sea telephone cable will probably soon become obsolescent. The authors of this short article on the cable are respectively with the Research Branch of the British Post Office and with Submarine Cables Ltd.
Efficiency improvement of a high dynamic BLDC linear motor by multiphase control (2013)

This paper proposes a multiphase control strategy for a high dynamic brushless DC linear motor as an alternative for conventional three-phase field-oriented control. Analysis of the magnetic field waveforms shows that three-phase control is not optimal for the 6-slot 7-pole motor topology. Therefore, a multiphase control strategy is elaborated which injects currents proportional to the electromotive force into each of the nine stator coil groups. This results in a maximal alignment force per ampere between the stator and slider fields. Furthermore, only the stator coils with a useful contribution to the slider force are excitated. According to the simulation model, this yields a significant reduction of joule and iron losses for equal dynamic performance. The new strategy is implemented on a dSPACE rapid prototyping platform, controlling a custom-built multiphase converter. Measurements confirm the simulation results and show a significant reduction of power consumption compared to conventional three-phase control.