gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preservation stability and<i> in vivo</i> administration of albumin–heme hybrid solution as an entirely synthetic O<sub>2</sub>‐carrier (2002)

Abstract The recombinant human serum albumin incorporating a tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron(II) derivative with a covalently linked proximal base (rHSA‐FeP) is an entirely synthetic O 2 ‐carrier as a red blood cell substitute. It shows long‐term preservation stability of both solution properties and O 2 ‐binding ability over a broad temperature range including room temperature. The physicochemical parameters of the rHSA‐Fe(II)P solution ([rHSA]: 5 wt%) stored at 5–40 °C have remained constant over one year. The in vivo safety of this material was also studied by the survival tests and clinical blood chemistry assays. All rats given the 5 wt% rHSA‐Fe(II)P solution have been alive for 14 days after the infusion. During the observation period, no remarkable reaction was seen in the appearance of the animals. Parameters of the clinical blood serum chemistry were all in the normal ranges, and pathological inspections of the major organs showed no significant infarct in their tissues. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiplex stimulated Raman scattering imaging cytometry reveals cancer metabolic signatures in a spatially, temporally, and spectrally resolved manner (2019)

In situ measurement of cellular metabolites is still a challenge in biology. Conventional methods, such as mass spectrometry or fluorescence microscopy, would either destruct the sample or introduce strong perturbations to the functions of target molecules. Here, we present multiplex stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging cytometry as a label-free single-cell analysis platform with chemical specifity, and high-throughput capabilities. Cellular compartments such as lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclei are seperated from the cytoplasm. Based on these chemical segmentations, 260 features from both morphology and molecular composition were generated and analyzed for each cell. Using SRS imaging cytometry, we studied the metabolic responses of human pancreatic cancer cells under stress by starvation and chemotherapy drug treatments. We unveiled lipid-facilitated protrusion as a metabolic marker for stress-resistant cancer cells through statistical analysis of thousands of cells. Our findings also demonstrate the potential of targeting lipid metabolism for selective treatment of starvation-resistant and chemotherapy-resistant cancers. These results highlight our SRS imaging cytometry as a powerful label-free tool for biological discoveries with a high-throughput, high-content capacity.
Field Bindweed (<i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>) Control in Early and Late-Planted Processing Tomatoes (2016)

Field bindweed is a deep-rooted and drought-tolerant perennial that can be difficult to control once it has become established in specialty crops. Field studies were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the efficacy of currently registered preplant (PP), PPI, PRE, and POST herbicides for field bindweed management in both early and late-planted processing tomatoes. Results show that bindweed cover in PPI/PRE programs (trifluralin, alone or in combination with rimsulfuron; S- metolachlor; or sulfentrazone) was reduced > 50% in early planted tomatoes, relative to the no PPI/PRE herbicide treatment (0 to 31% cover at up to 6 wk after transplanting [WAT]). Similar trends were observed with respect to field bindweed density. PP applications of glyphosate to emerged bindweed in late-planted tomatoes, coupled with PPI/PRE herbicide applications, reduced weed cover (1 to 13% at up to 6 WAT) by more than one-half when compared with plots treated with residual herbicides alone (1 to 43% at up to 6 WAT); perennial vine density was also reduced > 50%. PP herbicide burndown applications and the use of residual products can significantly improve the suppression of field bindweed in processing tomato systems. The emergence and vigor of bindweed vines may differ with respect to the timing of transplant operations and should be considered when developing management strategies
Clinical study on the effect of biotin on skin conditions in dogs (1989)

In a collaborative study with small-animal veterinary surgeons, dogs with fur and skin conditions were treated with biotin (approximately 5 mg biotin/10 kg body weight/day) for 3 to 5 weeks. In total 119 cases could be treated which were reported to show symptoms such as dull coat, brittle hair, loss of hair, scaly skin, pruritus or dermatitis. Cases requiring other treatments with e.g. glucocorticoids, were excluded from the study. In 60% of the cases all symptoms were reported to be cured after the biotin treatment and in a further 31% an improvement was noted; in only 9% no effect was recorded. All breeds responded but to a variable extent: e.g. in Poodles the response was lower (no response in 6 out of 11 cases) than in Alsatians where all improved and 14 out of 29 were completely cured. The results confirm the favourable effect of biotin for treatment of fur and skin conditions in dogs.
Emerging Power Quality Challenges Due to Integration of Renewable Energy Sources (2016)

Renewable energy becomes a key contributor to our modern society, but their integration to power grid poses significant technical challenges. Power quality is an important aspect of renewable energy integration. The major power quality concerns are: 1) Voltage and frequency fluctuations, which are caused by noncontrollable variability of renewable energy resources. The intermittent nature of renewable energy resources due to ever-changing weather conditions leads to voltage and frequency fluctuations at the interconnected power grid. 2) Harmonics, which are introduced by power electronic devices utilized in renewable energy generation. When penetration level of renewable energy is high, the influence of harmonics could be significant. In this paper, an extensive literature review is conducted on emerging power quality challenges due to renewable energy integration. This paper consists of two sections: 1) Power quality problem definition. Wind turbines and solar photovoltaic systems and their power quality issues are summarized. 2) Existing approaches to improve power quality. Various methods are reviewed, and the control-technology-based power quality improvement is the major focus of this paper. The future research directions for emerging power quality challenges for renewable energy integration are recommended.
Technological merits, process complexity, and cost analysis of self-aligned multiple patterning (2012)

Spacer based self-aligned multiple patterning (SAMP) techniques potentially allow us to scale integrated circuits down to sub-10nm half pitch with no need of EUV lithography. In this paper, we shall present a general analysis of technological merits, process complexity and costs of various SAMP techniques. It is shown that some SAMP techniques such as self-aligned quadruple/sextuple patterning (SAQP/SASP) are more capable of increasing the pattern density, while self-aligned triple patterning (SATP) is more beneficial to reducing process complexity by allowing quasi-2D IC design and requiring fewer masks. Besides their different scaling/resolution capability and process challenges, each SAMP technique is accompanied with unique characteristics of CD uniformity (CDU) and line-width roughness (LWR), which indicates their application areas and the related IC design/fabrication methodologies vary significantly by industry segment. Process costs of various self-aligned multiple patterning schemes are calculated, which show that within the common resolution capability, SATP technique is the most cost effective while the EUV+SADP approach only offers limited benefits.
Understanding the Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of CO<sub>2</sub> on a K-Promoted Hydrotalcite-like Compound (HTlc) through Nonequilibrium Dynamic Isotherms (2006)

A K-promoted hydrotalcite-like compound (HTlc) was synthesized and tested for its reversible CO2 capacity between 250 °C and 500 °C. Nonequilibrium dynamic adsorption and desorption isotherms were measured between 65 Torr and 980 Torr, using steps of 20 or 50 Torr and a 45-min duration between steps. The absolute CO2 capacity on K-promoted HTlc increased as the temperature decreased, with CO2 loadings of 2.25 and 1.02 mol/kg, respectively, at 250 and 500 °C and 980 Torr. The CO2 working capacity, which is defined as the change in CO2 loading between 65 Torr and 980 Torr, exhibited a maximum at 450 °C, with a value of 0.55 mol/kg, compared to values of 0.11 and 0.46 mol/kg, which were observed at 250 and 500 °C, respectively. It was surmised that three temperature-dependent, highly coupled, completely reversible, equilibrium-driven but kinetically limited, reactions were taking place, with the first one being a rapid and reversible chemisorption of CO2 that initiated and participated in the entire process.
Diffusion of nickel through titanium nitride films (1985)

TiN is among the candidates for thin film diffusion barriers on integrated circuit contacts. We have deposited titanium nitride (approximately TiN) and TiN+Sm films onto Ni substrates near room temperature by ion plating. Ti was e-beam evaporated in a chamber containing about 2.8 Pa (21 mTorr) of N2 in the vicinity of the substrate. A plasma was excited between the substrate and a gas source-tube near the substrate by a combination of electrons from the e-beam (or backscattered from the Ti melt) and from an electric field generated by a constant current power supply (usually set at 100 mA) connected with negative polarity to the substrate. Deposition rates were 0.5 μm/min and the film thicknesses were 2 μm. The films are crystalline, slightly burnt gold in color, and are less dense and have an order of magnitude higher electrical resistivity than TiN produced by CVD methods. The addition of at least 12 at. % Sm produced amorphous films. The diffusion of Ni through these films was measured by energy dispersive analysis in a SEM. The amorphous material showed substantially lower diffusivities. Values of D0 and Q, in the equation D=D0 exp (−Q/RT), were determined to be 0.82×10−7 cm2/s and 29 kcal/mol for crystalline TiN, and 0.56 cm2/s and 67.3 kcal/mol for amorphous TiN+12 at. % Sm films. Because of film variation in structure and composition, these values vary. However, there is still a large improvement in the diffusion barrier property of TiN films by using amorphous films containing Sm. Ni diffuses very slowly into amorphous TiN+Sm at temperatures up to 655 °C. One must increase the temperature to 765 °C in order to observe diffusion rates comparable to crystalline TiN at 590 °C.
The Brilliance, Sparkliness and Fire of Several Diamond Simulants (1978)

Of the three classes of gemstone, those polished as complex prisms exhibiting the optical effects of brilliance, sparkliness and fire contain as members diamond and its simulants. With the help of a computer programme that statistically analyses the optical goodness of a gem, the brilliance, sparkliness and fire of diamond and its common simulants are discussed with special regard to the modern crystals strontium titanate, ZOC, YAG and GGG. It is shown that strontium titanate is better than diamond, and that for the round brilliant cut style the degree of optical goodness is proportional to the refractive index of the material.
Years of Fulfillment (1936)

THE Soviet Union has now taken its place at the table of the Great Powers. It has a permanent seat on the Council of the League; diplomatic relations have been resumed with the United States; its nonaggression and mutual assistance pact with France has been ratified. What has happened to the Soviet Union to restore it to the councils of the Powers, when for years following the revolution it was an outcast, officially recognized only for commercial and diplomatic convenience? Is its position today based on the same factors which made Imperial Russia so important in i9I4-the aggressive promotion of a stake in foreign countries? Is it important for the reason that made it so in I9I7 or I923, because other nations are protecting their stake in it? It would seem that the answer to both questions is in the negative. The history of the U.S.S.R. to date has shown that the Soviet Union has no aspiration for outward expansion, and reports indicate that it is no longer possible easily to invade it in order to put down communism or to seize territories. The position of the U.S.S.R. is unique among nations. It does not play and does not wish to play the part of Imperial Russia-to jockey for an advantageous position in the scramble for world power. It has a fixed base for all its foreign relations, a peace policy. In the balance of world forces it remains on one side of the scale-on the side of peace, no matter who its companions there may be. But while the stand of the Soviet Union in regard to peace has been steadfast, the weight which it could swing to the support of this policy has changed. And in this lies the explanation of the new position of the U.S.S.R. in international affairs. In I9I7 the new Soviet state was much like China today. Although it was a huge country with a large population and considerable natural resources, the government did not control de facto all the territory within its borders. Even in I923 when the Soviet Government had jurisdiction over the whole country it did not have the complete backing of the people. All the productive wealth was not socialized and there was
Low-temperature phase of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and its first-order magnetoelectric effect (1988)

A structural change in YIG is revealed by the observation of a first-order magnetoelectric effect at 77 K. The signal disappears at around 130 K. This indicates that a phase transition takes place at this temperature. Detailed field cooling experiments lead to the conclusion that the symmetry of YIG below 130 K is triclinic.
The role of cardiac receptor and arterial baroreceptor reflexes in control of the circulation during acute change of blood volume in the conscious rabbit. (1984)

We have studied overall reflex control of the circulation by the arterial baroreceptors and cardiac receptors during acute change of blood volume in seven conscious rabbits. A factorial experimental design allowed analysis of the direction, magnitude, and significance of the reflex effects of independent input from each set of receptors, and the reflex interactions when the inputs were combined. Right atrial pressure, arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, and heart rate were measured during acute, graded, isohemic change of blood volume over the range +/- 27%. This was done with both reflexes present, only the arterial baroreceptor reflex present (intrapericardial 2% procaine), only the cardiac receptor reflex present (surgical baroreceptor denervation), and with both reflexes absent. As blood volume was depleted, the arterial baroreceptor reflex independently increased systemic vascular resistance and sustained arterial pressure, but the cardiac receptor reflex had no significant independent or interactive effects. As blood volume was expanded, each reflex had an independent effect in decreasing systemic vascular resistance and preventing arterial pressure from rising, the cardiac receptor reflex being the more powerful. Their effect in combination on systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure was only two-fifths of the sum of their independent effects, so that they interacted negatively. In combination, the reflexes supported right atrial pressure during blood loss, despite their negative interaction, but did not significantly affect the relation of cardiac output to blood volume change in either direction. Thus both reflexes have important actions in moderating the overall effects of acute blood volume changes in conscious rabbits, but these are markedly diminished by their interactions.
Antimicrobial activity of some ricinoleic acid oleic acid derivatives (1961)

Abstract Ricinoleic and acid oleic acid derivatives were screened for their antimicrobial activity, under optimum growing‐conditions, against several species of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. Several ricinoleic acid derivatives and petroselinic (iso‐oleic) acid exhibited considerable activity; in fact, their activity against some micro‐organisms was comparable to sorbic and 10‐undecenoic acid, known antimicrobial agents, as indicated by this test.
Neural networks; A brief overview (1991)

Neural networks-computational models loosely inspired by the brain-are now finding widespread application for solving classification, function approximation and optimization problems. This paper provides a brief but comprehensive review of neural networks. Various learning paradigms are discussed, as is the use of neural networks for solving optimization problems. The authors also describe briefly an approach to optimizing neural network applications using the genetic algorithm.
Controlling the surface‐mediated release of DNA using ‘mixed multilayers’ (2016)

We report the design of erodible 'mixed multilayer' coatings fabricated using plasmid DNA and combinations of both hydrolytically degradable and charge-shifting cationic polymer building blocks. Films fabricated layer-by-layer using combinations of a model poly(β-amino ester) (polymer <b>1</b>) and a model charge-shifting polymer (polymer <b>2</b>) exhibited DNA release profiles that were substantially different than those assembled using DNA and either polymer <b>1</b> or polymer <b>2</b> alone. In addition, the order in which layers of these two cationic polymers were deposited during assembly had a profound impact on DNA release profiles when these materials were incubated in physiological buffer. Mixed multilayers ∼225 nm thick fabricated by depositing layers of polymer <b>1</b>/DNA onto films composed of polymer <b>2</b>/DNA released DNA into solution over ∼60 days, with multi-phase release profiles intermediate to and exhibiting some general features of polymer <b>1</b>/DNA or polymer <b>2</b>/DNA films (e.g., a period of rapid release, followed by a more extended phase). In sharp contrast, 'inverted' mixed multilayers fabricated by depositing layers of polymer <b>2</b>/DNA onto films composed of polymer <b>1</b>/DNA exhibited release profiles that were almost completely linear over ∼60-80 days. These and other results are consistent with substantial interdiffusion and commingling (or mixing) among the individual components of these compound materials. Our results reveal this mixing to lead to new, unanticipated, and useful release profiles and provide guidance for the design of polymer-based coatings for the local, surface-mediated delivery of DNA from the surfaces of topologically complex interventional devices, such as intravascular stents, with predictable long-term release profiles.
Edge-ray principle of nonimaging optics (1994)

The edge-ray principle of nonimaging optics states that nonimaging devices can be designed by the mapping of edge rays from the source to the edge of the target. However, in most nonimaging reflectors, including the compound parabolic concentrator (CPC), at least part of the radiation undergoes multiple reflections, some rays even appear to be reflected infinitely many times, and closer examination reveals that some edge rays of the source are not mapped onto the edge of the target even though the CPC is indeed ideal in two dimensions. Using a topological approach, we refine the formulation of the edge-ray principle to ensure its validity for all configurations. We present two different versions of the general principle. The first involves the boundaries of the different zones corresponding to a different number of reflections. The second version is stated in terms of only a single reflection, but it involves the addition of an auxiliary region of phase space. We discuss the use of the edge-ray principle as a design procedure for nonimaging devices. The CPC is used to illustrate all steps of the argument.
Is There Evidence-Based Guidance for Timing of Soft Tissue Coverage of Grade III B Tibia Fractures? (2006)

The treatment of soft tissue damage associated with severe complicated tibia fractures is a clinical challenge. A recent study of grade III B/C open tibia fractures treated by delayed soft tissue coverage resulted in 20% of patients having osteomyelitis, with a mean follow-up of only 10 months. This study prompted us to review the literature on the association of timing of soft tissue closure in complicated grade III B tibia fractures and the incidence of infections and bone union. A Medline literature search was performed focusing on evidence-based medicine with regard to the timing of soft tissue closure and patients developing bony union and complications such as osteomyelitis. It was difficult to analyze publications with rigor. It appears that the time of surgery has little influence on free-flap failure but that early aggressive debridement followed by soft tissue cover within 3 to 5 days reduces osteomyelitis and delayed bone union. A need for better designed studies is also indicated.
Supporting software development as knowledge-intensive and collaborative activity (2006)

Starting from the belief that software development is a human activity, this paper tries to conceptualize software development as a knowledge-intensive design and distributed cognitive activity. This conceptualization leads to the argument that providing support for software developers to engage in knowledge collaboration with external knowledge repositories and peers is essential for software development environments. Technical and social challenges in providing such support are identified, and an illustrative system support that we have been developing is briefly described.
Locomotor Training Approaches for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury (2005)

These results represent preliminary findings of changes in walking-related function associated with different forms of BWS locomotor training for individuals with chronic, motor-incomplete SCI. Early data indicates that locomotor outcomes in these individuals appear to be comparable across training approaches. For the individuals in this study sample, those with the greatest deficits in walking function benefitted the most from locomotor training.
Local Invariant Feature Detectors: A Survey (2007)

In this survey, we give an overview of invariant interest point detectors, how they evolved over time, how they work, and what their respective strengths and weaknesses are. We begin with defining the properties of the ideal local feature detector. This is followed by an overview of the literature over the past four decades organized in different categories of feature extraction methods. We then provide a more detailed analysis of a selection of methods which had a particularly significant impact on the research field. We conclude with a summary and promising future research directions.
Design Aspects of Bright Red Emissive Silver Nanoclusters/DNA Probes for MicroRNA Detection (2012)

The influence of the nucleic acid secondary structure on the fast (1 h) formation of bright red emissive silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) in a DNA sequence (DNA-12nt-RED-160), designed for the detection of a microRNA sequence (RNA-miR160), was investigated. The findings show that especially the propensity for mismatch self-dimer formation of the DNA probes can be a good indicator for the creation and stabilization of red emissive AgNCs. Also, the role of the thermal stability of the secondary DNA structures (mismatch self-dimer and hairpin monomers) and the observed AgNC red emission intensity were investigated. These findings can form the basis for a rationale to design new red emissive AgNC-based probes. As an example, a bright red emissive AgNC-based DNA probe was designed for RNA-miR172 detection. The latter opens the possibility to create a variety of AgNC-based DNA probes for the specific detection of plant and animal miRNAs.