gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ro-Associated Y RNAs in Metazoans: Evolution and Diversification (2007)

The Y genes encode small noncoding RNAs whose functions remain elusive, whose numbers vary between species, and whose major property is to be bound by the Ro60 protein (or its ortholog in other species). To better understand the evolution of the Y gene family, we performed a homology search in 27 different genomes along with a structural search using Y RNA specific motifs. These searches confirmed that Y RNAs are well conserved in the animal kingdom and resulted in the detection of several new Y RNA genes, including the first Y RNAs in insects and a second Y RNA detected in Caenorhabditis elegans. Unexpectedly, Y5 genes were retrieved almost as frequently as Y1 and Y3 genes, and, consequently are not the result of a relatively recent apparition as is generally believed. Investigation of the organization of the Y genes demonstrated that the synteny was conserved among species. Interestingly, it revealed the presence of six putative "fossil" Y genes, all of which were Y4 and Y5 related. Sequence analysis led to inference of the ancestral sequences for all Y RNAs. In addition, the evolution of existing Y RNAs was deduced for many families, orders and classes. Moreover, a consensus sequence and secondary structure for each Y species was determined. Further evolutionary insight was obtained from the analysis of several thousand Y retropseudogenes among various species. Taken together, these results confirm the rich and diversified evolution history of Y RNAs.
Stein's Estimation Rule and its Competitors—An Empirical Bayes Approach (1973)

Abstract Stein's estimator for k normal means is known to dominate the MLE if k ≥ 3. In this article we ask if Stein's estimator is any good in its own right. Our answer is yes: the positive part version of Stein's estimator is one member of a class of “good” rules that have Bayesian properties and also dominate the MLE. Other members of this class are also useful in various situations. Our approach is by means of empirical Bayes ideas. In the later sections we discuss rules for more complicated estimation problems, and conclude with results from empirical linear Bayes rules in non-normal cases.
Ontological Analysis of Business Systems Analysis Techniques (2005)

For many years in the area of business systems analysis and design, practitioners and researchers alike have been searching for some comprehensive basis on which to evaluate, compare, and engineer techniques that are promoted for use in the modelling of systems’ requirements. To date, while many frameworks, factors, and facets have been forthcoming, most of them appear not to be based on a sound theory. In light of this dilemma, over the last 10 years, attention has been devoted by researchers to the use of ontology to provide some theoretical basis for the advancement of the business systems modelling discipline. While the selected ontologiesare reasonably mature, it is the actual process of an ontological analysis that still lacks rigour. The current procedure leaves room for individual interpretations and is one reason for criticism of the entire ontological analysis. This chapter proposes an enhanced procedural model for the ontological analysis based on the use of meta-models, the involvement of more than one coder and metrics. This model is explained with examples from various ontological analyses.
Mast cells in severely T-cell depleted rats and the response to infestation with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. (1979)

The effect of severe T-cell depletion on mucosal mast cells of the small intestine and on connective tissue mast cells has been studied in adult thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow reconstituted (B) rats. Under normal conditions, intestinal mucosal mast cell numbers do not differ significantly between B rats, normal age matched rats and non-thymectomized irradiated controls. Connective tissue mast cells are significantly fewer in the tongues of B rats than in normal rats, but the difference is atributable to an effect of irradiation. Infestation with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis produced approximately equal increases in mucosal mast cells in non-thymectomized irradiation controls and in normal rats. In B rats there was no increase in mucosal mast cells following infestation. B rats failed to expel the parasites normally. Failure of mast cell proliferation was not due to the effects of the persisting worm burden. Antihelminthic treatment at the time of worm expulsion by normal rats did not reveal a hitherto masked mast cell response in B rats. Nippostrongylus infestation did not reveal evidence of thymus-dependency of connective tissue mast cells. As in athymic nude mice, mucosal mast cells in the rat have been shown to be T-cell dependent during the proliferation that follows infestation with an intestinal nematode parasite.
Lateral Thinking: A Textbook of Creativity (1970)

THE classic work about improving creativity from world-renowned writer and philosopher Edward de Bono. In schools we are taught to meet problems head-on: what Edward de Bono calls 'vertical thinking'. This works well in simple situations - but we are at a loss when this approach fails. What then? Lateral thinking is all about freeing up your imagination. Through a series of special techniques, in groups or working alone, Edward de Bono shows how to stimulate the mind in new and exciting ways. Soon you will be looking at problems from a variety of angles and offering up solutions that are as ingenious as they are effective. You will become much more productive and a formidable thinker in your own right. 'If more bankers and traders had read Lateral Thinking and applied the ideas of Edward de Bono to their own narrow definitions of risk, reward and human expectations, I suspect we would be in much better shape than we are'Sir Richard Branson Edward de Bono invented the concept of lateral thinking. A world-renowned writer and philosopher, he is the leading authority in the field of creative thinking and the direct teaching of thinking as a skill. Dr de Bono has written more than 60 books, in 40 languages, with people now teaching his methods worldwide. He has chaired a special summit of Nobel Prize laureates, and been hailed as one of the 250 people who have contributed most to mankind. Dr de Bono's titles include classic bestsellers such as Six Thinking Hats, Lateral Thinking, I Am Right You Are Wrong, Teach Yourself How To Think, Teach Your Child How To Think, and Simplicity - all now re-issued by Penguin. www.edwdebono.com
Epidermal growth factor prevents APOE4 and amyloid-beta-induced cognitive and cerebrovascular deficits in female mice (2016)

Cerebrovascular (CV) dysfunction is emerging as a critical component of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including altered CV coverage. Angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) are key for controlling CV coverage, especially during disease pathology. Therefore, evaluating the effects of AGFs in vivo can provide important information on the role of CV coverage in AD. We recently demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) prevents amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced damage to brain endothelial cells in vitro. Here, our goal was to assess the protective effects of EGF on cognition, CV coverage and Aβ levels using an AD-Tg model that incorporates CV relevant AD risk factors. APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD especially in women and is associated with CV dysfunction. EFAD mice express human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD), overproduce human Aβ42 and are a well characterized model of APOE pathology. Thus, initially the role of APOE and sex in cognitive and CV dysfunction was assessed in EFAD mice in order to identify a group for EGF treatment. At 8 months E4FAD female mice were cognitively impaired, had low CV coverage, high microbleeds and low plasma EGF levels. Therefore, E4FAD female mice were selected for an EGF prevention paradigm (300 μg/kg/wk, 6 to 8.5 months). EGF prevented cognitive decline and was associated with lower microbleeds and higher CV coverage, but not changes in Aβ levels. Collectively, these data suggest that EGF can prevent Aβ-induced damage to the CV. Developing therapeutic strategies based on AGFs may be particularly efficacious for APOE4-induced AD risk.
Heterogeneous Multi-Mobile Computing (2019)

As smartphones and tablets proliferate, there is a growing demand for multi-mobile computing, the ability to combine multiple mobile systems into more capable ones. We present M2, a system for multi-mobile computing that enables existing unmodified mobile apps to share and combine multiple devices, including cameras, displays, speakers, microphones, sensors, GPS, and input. M2 introduces a new data-centric approach that leverages higher-level device abstractions and hardware acceleration to efficiently share device data, not API calls. To support heterogeneous devices, M2 introduces device transformation, a new technique to mix and match different types of devices. Example transformations include combining multiple displays into a single larger display for better viewing, or substituting accelerometer for touchscreen input to provide a Nintendo Wii-like experience with existing mobile gaming apps. We have implemented M2 and show that it (1) operates across heterogeneous systems, including multiple versions of Android and iOS, (2) can enable unmodified Android apps to use multiple mobile devices in new and powerful ways, including supporting users with disabilities and better audio conferencing, and (3) can run apps across mobile systems with modest overhead and qualitative performance indistinguishable from using local device hardware.
Dual frequency selective reflectarray for propagation improvement (2010)

This paper proposes a novel dual frequency selective reflectarray that can control reflected beams independently at dual frequencies using two different polarizations. The reflectarray improves propagation by controlling the scattered beams to achieve high speed in broadband wireless mobile communication systems at a high frequency. The reflectarray comprises cross-dipole arrays and double square loops. Measurement and analysis results show the effectiveness of the reflectarray.
A New Approach to Automatic Classification of the Curved Chromosomes (2007)

In this paper, an effective algorithm for chromosome image processing for straightening the curved chromosomes is presented. This is a very helpful procedure which extends the domain of success of most of the previously reported algorithms to highly curved chromosomes. The procedure is based on the calculation and analyzing the vertical and horizontal projection vectors of the binary image of the chromosome. The binary image is obtained by thresholding the input image after histogram modification. When applied to the real chromosome images the proposed algorithm could straighten all of the highly bent curved chromosomes within the image dataset. To assess the effectiveness of proposed algorithm, a neural network based chromosome classification system is developed. Wavelet transform domain features are extracted and used in an MLP structure for this purpose and a classification rate of 95.3% is obtained.
Sequential composition for control of underactuated systems (2018)

Abstract: "We present a new approach to developing hybrid feedback policies for the control of systems with nonholonomic constraints. We extend the idea of sequential composition and use it to switch between controllers in a state based manner, resulting in a globally convergent, pure feedback policy. Individual controllers in the palette are inspired by variable constraint control. We solve a vision guided unicycle navigation problem and verify the result through simulation and experiment. This technical report presents a detailed description of results published in [10]."
PSD—a portable scheme debugger (1993)

Psd is a portable debugger for the Scheme language. Debugging with Psd is accomplished by instrumenting the original source program. When the instrumented program is run, it presents the user with an interactive interface that lets him or her examine and change values of variables, set breakpoints, and single step evaluation. Psd is designed to be run within GNU Emacs, which is used for displaying the current source code position.
Sustained sub-laminar drag in a fully developed channel flow (2006)

It is shown, by direct numerical simulations, that the skin-friction drag in a fully developed channel can be sustained below that corresponding to the laminar profile when the flow is subjected to surface blowing and suction in the form of an upstream travelling wave. A key mechanism that induces the sub-laminar drag is the creation of positive (negative) Reynolds shear stress in the wall region, where normally negative (positive) Reynolds shear stress is expected given the mean shear. This mechanism is contained in the linearized Navier–Stokes equations, thus allowing linear analysis of the observed phenomena. When applied to a fully developed turbulent channel flow, skin-friction drag is also significantly reduced by an upstream travelling wave, demonstrating that the surface blowing and suction in the form of such a wave is also effective in fully developed turbulent flows. Consideration of the energy budget shows a possibility of net drag reduction in turbulent channel flows with the present open-loop control.
A murine DC-SIGN homologue contributes to early host defense against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2009)

The C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) mediates the innate immune recognition of microbial carbohydrates. We investigated the function of this molecule in the host response to pathogens in vivo, by generating mouse lines lacking the DC-SIGN homologues SIGNR1, SIGNR3, and SIGNR5. Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis was impaired only in SIGNR3-deficient animals. SIGNR3 was expressed in lung phagocytes during infection, and interacted with M. tuberculosis bacilli and mycobacterial surface glycoconjugates to induce secretion of critical host defense inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). SIGNR3 signaling was dependent on an intracellular tyrosine-based motif and the tyrosine kinase Syk. Thus, the mouse DC-SIGN homologue SIGNR3 makes a unique contribution to protection of the host against a pulmonary bacterial pathogen.
Epithelial Uptake and Transport of Cell-Free Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and gp120-Coated Microparticles (1998)

Cell-free human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can be taken up and released by a monolayer of primary human gingival cells and remain infectious for CD4+ cells. Virus-sized latex particles covalently coated with purified native HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 are also transported through the primary epithelial cells. This process is significantly stimulated by increasing the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration. Inhibition experiments with mannan and alpha-methyl-mannopyranoside indicated that mannosyl groups are involved in the interaction between gp120 and gingival cells. An increase of cellular oligomannosyl receptors by incubation with the mannosidase inhibitor deoxymannojirimycin augmented transcellular transport of the gp120-coated particles. The results suggest that infectious HIV can penetrate gingival epithelia by a cAMP-dependent transport mechanism involving interaction of the lectin-like domain of gp120 and mannosyl residues on glycoproteins on the mucosal surface. Penetration of HIV could be inhibited by soluble glycoconjugates present in oral mucins.
Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cancer and Inflammation (1995)

Adhesion Molecules in Neoplasia: An Overview - Cell Adhesion Molecules in Mammary Carcinomas - Fibrinolysis and Tissue Degradation in Breast Cancer - Laminin-induced Y-79 Retinoblastoma Cell Differentiation Occurs in the Absence of Classic Laminin Adhesion Molecules - Integrins in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Correlations with Histological Grade - Regulation of Integrin Expression - The Distribution of Integrin and Non-integrin Receptors and their Ligands in Human Thymus
North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (2008)

In 2007, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), along with involved electric utility companies and other organizations, formed the North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI). This effort combines the previous Eastern Interconnection Phaser Project (EIPP) and various activities associated with wide area measurement system (WAMS) research, development, and deployment activities that have been underway in the North American electric power system for a number of years as the primary focal point for continued DOE and NERC support and facilitation. This paper provides an update on this activity, building on a paper presented at last year's forum (Widergren et al., 2007).
Endothelial gaps and permeability of venules in rat tracheas exposed to inflammatory stimuli (1994)

This study determined the number of endothelial gaps in venules of the rat trachea and related these values to the amount of plasma extravasation after an inflammatory stimulus (neurogenic inflammation). From 1 to 30 min after the stimulus, vessels were fixed by vascular perfusion, and endothelial cell borders were stained with silver nitrate, which made it possible to quantify the number and distribution of endothelial gaps. It also was possible to quantify the leukocyte attachment sites, to measure the size, shape, and number of endothelial cells, and to delineate the architecture of the tracheal vasculature. Sites of increased vascular permeability were localized with Monastral blue B, india ink, or fluorescent microspheres. After the stimulus, the silver lines around endothelial cells of postcapillary venules and collecting venules were interrupted by stereotyped silver dots (diam, 1.4 +/- 0.03 microns; +/- SE), which were found by electron microscopy to be silver deposits at endothelial gaps. The dots were most abundant in the smallest postcapillary venules (diam, 7-20 microns) where Monastral blue extravasation was greatest. The number of silver dots (14.4 +/- 0.7 dots/endothelial cell) and the amount of extravasation were maximal 1 min after the stimulus. However, the dots disappeared more slowly (half-life, 3.2 min) than did the extravasation (half-life, 1.3 min). In addition to the silver dots, 64% of the sites at which leukocytes were attached to the endothelium were stained with silver. These sites were marked by silver rings (diam, 3.4 +/- 0.2 microns) and were most numerous in the largest postcapillary venules (diam, 20-40 microns). Most (95%) of the silver rings were located at intercellular junctions but usually were not sites of Monastral blue extravasation. The results indicate that endothelial gaps at intercellular junctions are focal openings, which occupy < 3% of the luminal surface and are distinct from sites of leukocyte attachment. The reduction in Monastral blue extravasation that precedes the closure of the gaps could result from a decrease in the driving force for the convective movement of the tracer or from a decrease in the conductance of the gaps, perhaps due to the accumulation of sievelike substances within the gaps.
Analysis of a passive superconducting fault current limiter (1998)

An analysis was carried out to predict the forced response of the equivalent circuit of an innovative superconducting fault current limiter (FCL). The FCL employs two superconducting coils with differing critical currents wound noninductively. The analysis shows that to reduce the voltage drop under normal operating conditions, the coupling coefficient should be kept fairly high (k>0.90). For a given coil configuration (/spl omega/L=constant), the limiting capability of the device increases with the resistance R of the trigger coil up to a certain value of R, then further increase in R changes very little the limiting capability of the FCL. However, further increase in R can reduce the heat generation rate in the device which will help alleviate the problem of relatively long recovery time. The fault current predicted from estimated values of R compares fairly well with results of an experiment reported in the literature. The discrepancy between the predicted and measured current is due mainly to the uncertainty in the estimated resistance R, because both the purity of Cu and the percentage of Cu in CuNi are not known. By varying the ratio of NbTi-Cu-CuNi in the matrix, the purity of Cu, and the percentage of Cu in CuNi various values of R, can be achieved, which should help to alleviate the problem of excessive Joule heating and recovery time.
Comparison of intranasal midazolam with intravenous diazepam for treating febrile seizures in children: prospective randomised study (2000)

Seizures were controlled more quickly with intravenous diazepam than with intranasal midazolam, although midazolam was as safe and effective as diazepam. The overall time to cessation of seizures after arrival at hospital was faster with intranasal midazolam than with intravenous diazepam. The intranasal route can possibly be used not only in medical centres but in general practice and, with appropriate instructions, by families of children with recurrent febrile seizures at home.
Controlling Aggregation in Highly Emissive Pt(II) Complexes Bearing Tridentate Dianionic N<sup>∧</sup>N<sup>∧</sup>N Ligands. Synthesis, Photophysics, and Electroluminescence (2011)

Neutral Pt(II) complexes bearing tridentate dianionic 2,6-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine and ancillary alkyl-substituted pyridine ligands have been synthesized and characterized. They show bright green emission, reaching 73% photoluminescence quantum yield in deareated chloroform solution, which can be assigned to a predominantly metal-perturbed ligand-centered phosphorescence. We have followed two strategies to preserve the spectral purity of the monomeric species by varying the substituents on the chromophoric or on the ancillary ligands. However, variations in the substitution patterns only modestly affected the radiative and radiationless deactivation rate constants of the monomers. Photophysical and electrochemical properties have been measured for all the complexes and correlated with calculations using time-dependent density functional theory. The electroluminescence spectra of the brightest, nonaggregating derivative showed a better color purity than that of iridium(III) tris(phenylpyridine), thus proving that aggregation was hindered in a running electroluminescent device.
<title>Compensation Of Propagation Distortions Using Coherent Optical Adaptive Techniques (COAT)</title> (1975)

Coherent Optical Adaptive Techniques offer promising solutions to problems of phase distortions occurring in optical systems or produced by the atmosphere. A review of several basic COAT system concepts is presented along with a discussion of the basic hard-ware components required to implement such systems. Experimental and computer simulation results are presented that graphically demonstrate the ability of COAT systems to compensate propagation distortions in both imaging and transmitted-beam applications.
Inhibition of allergen‐dependent IgE activity by antibodies of the same specificity but different class (2015)

IgG4 purified from patients undergoing specific allergen immunotherapy inhibits the activities of the serum IgE in in vitro assays and is thought to reduce the symptoms of the disease. However, it is not known whether this is related to an intrinsic property of this subclass or only the allergen specificity. We tested the hypothesis that allergen specificity is the critical determinant for this activity using a panel of antibodies with identical specificity but different subclasses. The different antibodies were all able to inhibit the activity of IgE to the same extent. We demonstrate that specificity is the dominant factor determining the ability of an antibody to block allergen-dependent IgE activity.