gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retrograde Axonal Transport of Transmitter Enzymes, Fucose-Labeled Protein, and Nerve Growth Factor in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats (1981)

Rapid axonal transport was studied by several methods in rats with serum glucose levels above 300 mg/dl as a result of treatment with streptozotocin (45–50 mg/kg) 3 days, 1 wk, 4 wk, 8 wk, or 4 mo earlier. With untreated age-matched rats as controls, rapid anterograde axonal transport in the sciatic nerves of diabetic rats appeared entirely normal. Statistically significant differences were never observed between experimental and control nerves in the basal content of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) activity or in the rate of accumulation of these enzymes proximal or distal to a ligature. Therefore, the basic capacity for rapid anterograde and retrograde axonal transport of proteins was probably unimpaired in the diabetic nerves. The accumulation of labeled glycoproteins proximal to ligatures on the contralateral nerves of the same rats after injection of the L5 dorsal root ganglion with 3H-fucose was likewise normal. However, rats with 1, 4, and 8 wk of diabetes did show reduced accumulation of fucose-labeled protein distal to nerve ligations, indicating a long-lasting abnormality of retrograde axonal transport. Furthermore, this abnormality was reversed by daily insulin treatment during the second half of an 8-wk experimental period. It is therefore unlikely that the depression of retrograde transport reflects direct toxic effects of streptozotocin. We conclude that streptozotocin-induced diabetes leads to: (1) abnormal delay in the turnaround of transported proteins in distal nerve regions, perhaps combined with (2) an abnormal metabolism of glycoproteins. A delayed onset of retrograde transport is consistent with present observations of reduced accumulation of 125I-labeled nerve growth factor (NGF) below a midthigh ligature on the sciatic nerve after injection of this protein into the hindfoot of rats with 3–5 wk of diabetes. Further work on the factors controlling rapid retrograde transport of proteins in diabetic nerve is warranted.
Carbon Concentration and Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio Influence Submerged-Culture Conidiation by the Potential Bioherbicide <i>Colletotrichum truncatum</i> NRRL 13737 (1990)

We assessed the influence of various carbon concentrations and carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios on Colletotrichum truncatum NRRL 13737 conidium formation in submerged cultures grown in a basal salts medium containing various amounts of glucose and Casamino Acids. Under the nutritional conditions tested, the highest conidium concentrations were produced in media with carbon concentrations of 4.0 to 15.3 g/liter. High carbon concentrations (20.4 to 40.8 g/liter) inhibited sporulation and enhanced the formation of microsclerotiumlike hyphal masses. At all the carbon concentrations tested, a culture grown in a medium with a C:N ratio of 15:1 produced more conidia than cultures grown in media with C:N ratios of 40:1 or 5:1. While glucose exhaustion was often coincident with conidium formation, cultures containing residual glucose sporulated and those with high carbon concentrations (>25 g/liter) exhausted glucose without sporulation. Nitrogen source studies showed that the levels of C. truncatum NRRL 13737 conidiation were similar for all protein hydrolysates tested. Reduced conidiation occurred when amino acid and inorganic nitrogen sources were used. Of the nine carbon sources evaluated, acetate as the sole carbon source resulted in the lowest level of sporulation.
Single-dose treatment of neonatal calf pneumonia with the new macrolide antibiotic tilmicosin (1988)

Tilmicosin, a new macrolide antibiotic, 20-deoxo-20-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)desmycosin, formerly identified as EL-870, has been evaluated in three experiments as a single subcutaneous injection at dosages of 10, 20 or 30 mg/kg for the treatment of naturally occurring pneumonia in neonatal calves. Male Holstein calves, under five days of age, were shipped from Wisconsin and housed in pens. They were assigned sequentially to a treatment group when their temperature was greater than or equal to 39.7 degrees C for two consecutive days or greater than or equal to 39.7 degrees C and signs of respiratory disease were present. Clinical signs were evaluated daily for 14 days after the tilmicosin treatment. Calves that died and those that survived for the 14 day experimental period were examined post mortem. Treatment with tilmicosin was effective at all dosage levels, as determined by significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) reductions in body temperature within 24 hours, in the number of animals that died, in the incidence and severity of clinical signs, in the number of Pasteurella species found in lung tissue and in the severity of the pneumonic lesions. In two of the three experiments severe outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis resulted in significant mortalities within a few days after the arrival of the calves. Treatment with tilmicosin was effective against respiratory disease even in the presence of this severe concurrent disease.
Substituent Effects and Structure in Substituted Dibenzonaphthyrones (1985)

The crystal and molecular structures of [1]benzopyrano[4,3- c][1]benzopyran-5,11-done (dibenzo-naphthyrone) and three of its symmetrically tetrasubstituted derivatives have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Only the tetra-t-butyl-substituted dibenzonaphthyrone was found to deviate significantly from planarity by having the two carbonyl groups folded and 'syn'-oriented relative to the plane of the connecting ethylene double bond. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings was found to be 25. The molecular geometry of all the other dibenzo-naphthyrones in their crystalline states is characterized by planarity, and their structures are centrosymmetric.
Somatostatin receptor‐1 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits tumor growth in pancreatic cancer (2008)

Functional somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are lost in human pancreatic cancer. Transfection of SSTR-1 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro. We hypothesize that stable transfection of SSTR-1 may inhibit pancreatic cancer growth in vivo possibly through cell cycle arrest. In this study, we examined the expression of SSTR-1 mRNA in human pancreatic cancer tissue specimens, and investigated the effect of SSTR-1 overexpression on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and tumor growth in a subcutaneous nude mouse model. We found that SSTR-1 mRNA was downregulated in the majority of pancreatic cancer tissue specimens. Transfection of SSTR-1 caused cell cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) growth phase, with a corresponding decline of cells in the S (mitotic) phase. The overexpression of SSTR-1 significantly inhibited subcutaneous tumor size by 71% and 43% (n = 5, P < 0.05, Student's t-test), and inhibited tumor weight by 69% and 47% (n = 5, P < 0.05, Student's t-test), in Panc-SSTR-1 and MIA-SSTR-1 groups, respectively, indicating the potent inhibitory effect of SSTR-1 on pancreatic cancer growth. Our data demonstrate that overexpression of SSTR-1 significantly inhibits pancreatic cancer growth possibly through cell cycle arrest. This study suggests that gene therapy with SSTR-1 may be a potential adjuvant treatment for pancreatic cancer.
Simultaneous Assessment of Fractional and Coronary Flow Reserves in Cardiac Transplant Recipients (2003)

Background— The utility of measuring fractional flow reserve (FFR) to assess cardiac transplant arteriopathy has not been evaluated. Measuring coronary flow reserve (CFR) as well as FFR could add information about the microcirculation, but until recently, this has required two coronary wires. We evaluated a new method for simultaneously measuring FFR and CFR with a single wire to investigate transplant arteriopathy. Methods and Results— In 53 cases of asymptomatic cardiac transplant recipients without angiographically significant coronary disease, FFR and thermodilution-derived CFR (CFR thermo ) were measured simultaneously with the same coronary pressure wire in the left anterior descending artery and compared with volumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. The average FFR was 0.88±0.07; in 75% of cases, the FFR was less than the normal threshold of 0.94; and in 15% of cases, the FFR was ≤0.80, the upper boundary of the gray zone of the ischemic threshold. There was a significant inverse correlation between FFR and IVUS-derived measures of plaque burden, including percent plaque volume ( r =0.55, P <0.0001). The average CFR thermo was 2.5±1.2; in 47% of cases, CFR thermo was ≤2.0. In 14%, the FFR was normal (≥0.94) and the CFR was abnormal (<2.0), suggesting predominant microcirculatory dysfunction. Conclusions— FFR correlates with IVUS findings and is abnormal in a significant proportion of asymptomatic cardiac transplant patients with normal angiograms. Simultaneous measurement of CFR with the same pressure wire, with the use of a novel coronary thermodilution technique, is feasible and adds information to the physiological evaluation of these patients.
Human factors of 3‐D displays (2007)

Abstract— This paper provides a selected review of a number of important perceptual and human‐factors issues that arise when 3‐D displays are designed and used. This review and analysis draws heavily from the basic vision literature in order to help provide insight for future design solutions for 3‐D displays. Issues discussed include (1) the basics of human stereopsis, (2) interocular crosstalk, (3) oculomotor responding and distance scaling of binocular disparity information, (4) accommodative‐vergence mismatch, and (5) stereoanomly. The paper concludes with a presentation of several recommendations for the design of 3‐D displays.
RNA–protein recognition: Single-residue ultrafast dynamical control of structural specificity and function (2005)

The transcription antiterminator N protein from bacteriophage lambda uses its arginine-rich motif to specifically bind a stem-loop RNA hairpin (boxB) as a bent alpha-helix. A single stacking interaction between a tryptophan (Trp-18) and an adenosine (A7) in the RNA loop is robust and necessary for antitermination activity in vivo. Previously, femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion experiments from this laboratory indicated that the N/boxB complex exists in a dynamical two-state equilibrium between stacked and unstacked conformations and that the extent of stacking depends on the identity of peptide residues 14 and 15. In the present work, we have combined transient absorption and fluorescence up-conversion to determine the nature of interactions responsible for this sequence-dependent behavior. Analysis of mutant complexes supports the idea that the beta-carbon of residue 14 enforces the stacked geometry by hydrophobic interaction with the ribose of A7, whereas a positive charge at this residue plays only a secondary role. A positive charge at position 15 substantially disfavors the stacked state but retains much of the binding energy. Remarkably, in vivo antitermination experiments show strong correlation with our femtosecond dynamics, demonstrating how conformational interplay can control the activity of a macromolecular machine.
The Origin and Health Risks of PCDD and PCDF (1987)

PCDD/PCDF are ubiquitous in the emissions of trash-burning incinerators. They are synthesized in the cooler parts of the incinerator, and emissions are not reduced by controlling combustion conditions. Estimates of maximum lifetime risks of PCDD/ PCDF emissions range over two orders of magnitude from a minimum of one per million. This risk is greater than that which has triggered regulatory procedures against airborne carcinogens by U.S. EPA. Computations based on PCDD/PCDF in adipose tissue of a representative sample of the U.S. population indicate a national lifetime cancer risk of 330-1400 per million depending on the choice of equivalence methodology. In comparison, U.S. EPA has regulated environmental exposure to benzene based on a national lifetime cancer risk of 71.4. Because waste-burning incinerators contribute significantly to this risk, it is the authors' opinion that their PCDD/PCDF emissions should be reduced if U.S. EPA is to be consistent in its regulatory practice.
Text classification based on limited bibliographic metadata (2009)

In this paper, we introduce a method for categorizing digital items according to their topic, only relying on the document's metadata, such as author name and title information. The proposed approach is based on a set of lexical resources constructed for our purposes (e.g., journal titles, conference names) and on a traditional machine-learning classifier that assigns one category to each document based on identified core features. The system is evaluated on a real-world data set and the influence of different feature combinations and settings is studied. Although the available information is limited, the results show that the approach is capable to efficiently classify data items representing documents.
An Evaluation of a Process-Oriented Instructional Program in Mathematical Problem Solving in Grades 5 and 7 (1984)

This paper provides an overview of a process-oriented instructional program and reports the results of an evaluation of that program. Twelve fifth-grade and 10 seventh-grade teachers implemented the Mathematical Problem Solving program for 23 weeks. Eleven fifth-grade and 13 seventh-grade teachers taught control classes. The experimental classes scored significantly higher than the control classes on measures of ability to understand problems, plan solution st rategies, and get correct results. Trend analyses showed different student growth patterns for the three measures of problem-solving performance. Data from interviews with teachers supported the results of the quantitative analysis and suggested that both students and teachers had changed positively with respect to attitudes toward problem solving. In addition, teachers gained confidence in their ability to teach problem solving.
Time Series Evaluation of Radiation Portal Monitor Data for Point Source Detection (2009)

The time series of data from a radiation portal monitor (RPM) system are evaluated for the presence of point sources by isolating the contribution of anomalous radiation. Energy-windowed background spectra taken from the RPM are compared with the observed spectra at each time step during a vehicle drive-through. The total signal is turned into a ¿spectral distance¿ index using this method. This provides a time series with reduced systematic fluctuations due to background attenuation by the vehicle, and allows for point source detection by time-series analyses. The anomalous time series is reanalyzed by using a wavelet filter function of similar size to the expected source profile. A number of real drive-through data sets taken at a U.S. port of entry are analyzed in this way. A set of isotopes are injected into the data set, and the resultant ¿benign¿ and ¿injected¿ data sets are analyzed with gross-counting, spectral-ratio, and time-based algorithms. Spectral and time methods together offer a significant increase to detection performance.
Local expression of enzymatically active class I β‐1, 3‐glucanase enhances symptoms of TMV infection in tobacco (2001)

Mutant tobacco plants deficient for class I beta-1,3-glucanase (GLU I) are decreased in their susceptibility to virus infection. This is correlated with delayed virus spread, a reduction in the size exclusion limit of plasmodesmata and increased cell-wall deposition of the beta-1,3-glucan callose. To further investigate a role of GLU I during cell-to-cell movement of virus infection, we inserted the GLU I coding sequence into TMV for overexpression in infected cells. Compared with the size of local lesions produced on plants infected with virus expressing either an enzymatically inactive GLU I or a frameshift mutant of the gene, the size of local lesions caused by infection with virus expressing active GLU I was consistently increased. Viruses expressing antisense GLU I constructs led to lesions of decreased size. Similar effects were obtained for virus spread using plants grown at 32 degrees C to block the hypersensitive response. Together, these results indicate that enzymatically active GLU I expressed in cells containing replicating virus can increase cell-to-cell movement of virus. This supports the view that GLU I induced locally during infection helps to promote cell-to-cell movement of virus by hydrolyzing callose. Moreover, our results provide the first direct evidence that a biological function of a plant beta-1,3-glucanase depends on its catalytic activity.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>-metal doping of the high-temperature superconducting perovskites La-Sr-Cu-O and Y-Ba-Cu-O (1987)

The structural, magnetic, and superconducting properties of the mixed compounds ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.85}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.15}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{M}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ ($0<x<0.3$) ($M=\mathrm{Ni}\mathrm{or}\mathrm{Zn}$) and $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}y}$ ($x=0.25 or 0.5$) were studied. dc resistance, meissner, and shielding measurements have shown that both magnetic Ni and diamagnetic Zn ions destroy the superconductivity in the La-Sr-Cu-O system. Within the Y-Ba-Cu-O system, the replacement of copper by nickel depresses ${T}_{c}$ from 93 K ($x=0$) to 50 K ($x=0.5$). At higher nickel contents, the phase does not form. The upper critical field ${B}_{c2}(T)$ of the nickel-doped samples was measured near ${T}_{c}$ in dc fields to 23 T. Resistive midpoint transitions yield $\frac{d{B}_{c2}}{\mathrm{dT}}=4.5 \mathrm{and} 1.77$ T/K for the Ni-doped La-Sr-Cu-O ($x=0.025$) and Y-Ba-Cu-O ($x=0.5$) systems, respectively. We compare doping results for magnetic and nonmagnetic ions, and discuss the origin of the depression in ${T}_{c}$.
Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Aqueous Extracts of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae) Using the Allium Test (2004)

Infusions and concoctions of Ilex paraguariensis are used as medicinal, nutritional and stimulant beverages in southern South America. Crop production is about 300,000 tons/year in Argentina, where the consumption rate reaches 5–9 kg/capita/year. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of I. paraguariensis in the Allium test and Artemia salina microwell test. The extracts were prepared from commercial and “home processed” (laboratory) and were tested at concentrations of 5–40 g/l. Both extracts significantly decreased root growth and the mitotic index (MI). These effects were greater for the commercial material for which concentrations ≥10 g/l virtually abolished mitosis. The disturbance of mitotic behaviour was significant at 5–10 g/l of the “home-processed” product and included c-mitotic phenomena (over-condensed and disorganized metaphases, sticky metaphases, arrested anaphases, binucleated interphases) which could contribute to the increase in metaphase and anaphase indexes. None of the extracts were cytotoxic in the Artemia salina test. It is concluded that the Allium test is adequate for a preliminary screening of genotoxicity of medicinal plants and that genotoxic effects can be increased by the commercial manipulation of the raw product.
Design and progress toward a multiconjugate adaptive optics system for distributed aberration correction (2004)

This article investigates the use of a multi-conjugate adaptive optics system to improve the field-of-view for the system. The emphasis of this research is to develop techniques to improve the performance of optical systems with applications to horizontal imaging. The design and wave optics simulations of the proposed system are given. Preliminary results from the multi-conjugate adaptive optics system are also presented. The experimental system utilizes a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator and an interferometric wave-front sensor for correction and sensing of the phase aberrations, respectively.
Uncleaved NS2-3 Is Required for Production of Infectious Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (2004)

Despite increasing characterization of pestivirus-encoded proteins, functions for nonstructural (NS) proteins NS2, NS2-3, NS4B, and NS5A have not yet been reported. Here we investigated the function of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) uncleaved NS2-3. To test whether NS2-3 has a discrete function, the uncleaved protein was specifically abolished in two ways: first by inserting a ubiquitin monomer between NS2 and NS3, and second by placing an internal ribosome entry site between the two proteins (a bicistronic genome). In both cases, complete processing of NS2-3 prevented infectious virion formation without affecting RNA replication. We tested the hypothesis that uncleaved NS2-3 was involved in morphogenesis by creating a bicistronic genome in which NS2-3 was restored in the second cistron. With this genome, both uncleaved NS2-3 expression and particle production returned. We then investigated the minimal regions of the polyprotein that could rescue an NS2-3 defect by developing a trans-complementation assay. We determined that the expression of NS4A in cis with NS2-3 markedly increased its activity, while p7 could be supplied in trans. Based on these data, we propose a model for NS2-3 action in virion morphogenesis.
Organization Conditions Enabling Employee Empowerment and the Moderating Role of Individual Personalities (2014)

Empowerment is considered a key driver of organization growth. Companies are realizing that in today’sknowledge economy, high levels of supervision and direction actually hamper the full utilization of the employees’potential to contribute towards the overall organization’s objectives.Data was gathered from 243 employees to understand what really counts as empowerment and what impact it hason their effectiveness at work, their levels of innovation, leadership skills, commitment to the organization andtheir ability to manage stressful situations at the workplace.The research shows that except stress management, a highly empowered workplace has a strong positivecorrelation to all the above mentioned factors- at least as far as employee perceptions are concerned. The moreinteresting fact emanates when one tries to see if the personality of the employees also has any impact in all of this.The results clearly show that employees with higher levels of core self evaluation, self-efficacy, risk takingabilities, pro-activeness and an internal locus of control will do best only when provided with a work culture thatallows for their empowerment. In fact, wider the gap between the employees personality type and the workenvironment in terms of empowerment, the poorer will be the outcome on all these parameters-effectiveness,innovation, leadership skills, commitment and stress management. Interestingly, the reverse isn’t true. Providing amore empowered environment than what employees are thought to be able to handle (in case of employees withlower levels of self efficacy, etc.) does not lead to any similar negative consequences.