gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chloroform-soluble nucleotides in Escherichia coli. Role of CDP-diglyceride in the enzymatic cytidylylation of phosphomonoester acceptors. (1983)

CDP-diglyceride, the precursor of all the phospholipids in Escherichia coli, is cleaved in vitro to phosphatidic acid and CMP by a membrane-bound hydrolase. Since the physiological function of CDP-diglyceride hydrolase is unknown, we have explored the possibility that this enzyme acts in vivo as either a phosphatidyl- or cytidylyltransferase. To distinguish between these two alternatives, partially purified hydrolase was incubated with CDP-diglyceride in the presence of 50% H218O. Analysis of the reaction products by 31P NMR showed that 18O is incorporated exclusively into CMP, suggesting that the enzyme is a cytidylyltransferase. This conclusion is further supported by the following experimental results: (i) the hydrolase catalyzes the transfer of CMP from CDP-diglyceride to Pi; (ii) numerous phosphomonoesters, such as glycerol 3-phosphate, phosphoserine, and glucose 1-phosphate also function as CMP acceptors, but the corresponding compounds lacking the phosphate residues are not substrates for the enzyme; and (iii) CDP-diglyceride hydrolase exchanges [32P]phosphatidic acid for the phosphatidyl moiety of CDP-diglyceride and 32Pi for the beta-phosphate residue of CDP, indicating the involvement of a novel CMP-enzyme complex. These data suggest a biosynthetic role for CDP-diglyceride hydrolase, and extend the possible functions of CDP-diglyceride in the E. coli envelope.
Contabilidade como uma ferramenta da gestão: um estudo em micro e pequenas empresas do ramo de comércio de Dourados-MS / Accounting as a tool of management: a study in micro and small industry the trade Dourados-MS (2012)

A contabilidade e a gestao sempre estiveram interligadas, sendo o contador o elo para descrever as evolucoes economicas e financeiras das organizacoes. Quando as tecnicas contabeis sao plenamente utilizadas, e possivel contribuir nao somente com as obrigacoes fiscais e trabalhistas, mas tambem auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisao, sendo possivel prever problemas, fazendo com que os administradores tomem medidas preventivas, antecipando solucoes. Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e avaliar o uso das ferramentas contabeis na gestao das micro e pequenas empresas do comercio de vestuario na cidade de Dourados-MS. Para a realizacao da pesquisa foi realizado uma pesquisa descritiva, por meio de um estudo de campo, com abordagem quantitativa. O levantamento de dados foi realizado com socios gerentes ou gerentes das empresas do comercio de confeccoes na area central da cidade de Dourados-MS. Utilizou-se um questionario estruturado composto de variaveis descritivas e analiticas. Os resultados revelam que os empresarios utilizam das informacoes contabeis, mas, ainda de forma timida e muito mais pelos seus conhecimentos do negocio do que pelas informacoes geradas pela contabilidade. The accounting and management have always been intertwined, and the accountant the link to describe the evolution of economic and financial organizations. When the accounting techniques are fully utilized, can contribute not only with the fiscal obligations and labor, but also assist in the process of decision making, and can anticipate problems, causing administrators taking preventative measures, anticipating solutions. This study aims to identify and evaluate the use of accounting tools in the management of micro and small enterprises in the garment trade city of Golden-MS. To conduct the survey was conducted a descriptive study through a field study with a quantitative approach. The survey was conducted with the managing partners or managers of companies in the garment trade in the downtown area of Golden-MS. We used a structured questionnaire composed of descriptive and analytical variables. The results show that business use of accounting information, but still a shy way and more by their knowledge of business than the information generated by accounting.
The JPEG XR image coding standard [Standards in a Nutshell] (2009)

JPEG XR is the newest image coding standard from the JPEG committee. It primarily targets the representation of continuous-tone still images such as photographic images and achieves high image quality, on par with JPEG 2000, while requiring low computational resources and storage capacity. Moreover, it effectively addresses the needs of emerging high dynamic range imagery applications by including support for a wide range of image representation formats.
Development of selective inhibitors of transglutaminase. Phenylthiourea derivatives. (1985)

For the purpose of developing a transglutaminase inhibitor which could be effective in physiological and pharmacological studies, a series of phenylthiourea derivatives of alpha, omega-diaminoalkanes were designed, synthesized, and evaluated kinetically as inhibitors of transglutaminases. A homologous series of compounds of the structure phenylthiourea-(CH2)n-NH2, where n = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, were tested for the inhibition of both guinea pig liver transglutaminase-catalyzed amine incorporation into various glutamine-containing substrates and plasma transglutaminase (factor XIIIa)-catalyzed amine incorporation into fibrin and fibrin cross-linking. It was found that the inhibitory activity of the compounds increases with increasing number of methylene groups in the side chain up to a maximum of n = 5. A further increase in the length of the methylene side chain to n = 6 results in decreased activity. The Ki value (4.9 X 10(-5) M) of 1-(5-aminopentyl)-3-phenylthiourea (PPTU) (n = 5) for the inhibition of guinea pig transglutaminase-catalyzed amine incorporation into the B chain of oxidized insulin is in close agreement to its Km(app) value (7.1 X 10(-5) M) obtained using 14C-labeled PPTU. PPTU was also found to be a potent inhibitor of plasma transglutaminase-catalyzed fibrin cross-linking. The finding that the specificity of the alkylamines for inhibition is correlated with the length of their methyl side chains is compatible with those reported for aliphatic amines and monodansylcadaverine analogues (where dansyl is 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl). The phenylthiourea derivatives, however, are far less toxic in mice than monodansylcadaverine as indicated by their LD50 values: PPTU, 400 +/- 25 mg/kg; and monodansylcadaverine, 160 +/- 20 mg/kg.
How GPU-accelerated simulation enables applied deep learning for masks and wafers (2019)

Deep Learning (DL) is one of the most exciting fields in artificial intelligence (AI) right now. It’s still early days, but DL will completely change the lithography and photomask industry to automate or optimize the efficiency of equipment and processes. The key element required for building applied DL is a GPU-accelerated simulation environment. In this paper, we will present a Deep Learning Kit (DLK), an artificial intelligence platform that allows semiconductor manufacturing companies and mask shops to do such simulations for DL training, and show a case study with DLK. DLK provides accurate physical models for masks and lithography that are fully accelerated by CUDA on GPUs, the de facto DL training platform, a GPU accelerated Computational Design Platform (CDP), fully integrated and distributed TensorFlowTM on CDP, and pre-trained neural network models for wafer and mask problems. Using DLK, semiconductor manufacturing companies and mask shops can quickly build their deep neural network model, connect the simulator of their choice (either provided by D2S or its partners), and train the neural network model in that environment to learn a desired behavior.
Evidence for receptor‐mediated inhibition of intrinsic activity of GTP‐binding protein, G<sub>i</sub>1 and G<sub>i</sub>2, but not G<sub>0</sub> in reconstitution experiments (1990)

The receptor-mediated inhibition of intrinsic activities of GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) was studied. Pertussis toxin (IAP)-substrate G-protein, Gi1, Gi2 or G0, was prelabeled with [alpha-32P]GDP and reconstituted with synaptic membranes of the guinea pig cerebellum in the presence of 0.02% of Chaps. Intrinsic activities of G-proteins were evaluated by the release of [alpha-32P]GDP in exchange for added GppNHp or GDP in reconstituted preparations. U-50,488H (1 nM-10 microM), a specific kappa-subtype of opioid receptor agonist, inhibited the [alpha-32P]GDP release in exchange for added 1 microM GppNHp in Gi1-reconstituted preparations in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, the kappa-opioid agonist at 10 microM increases the Km values of GppNHp, but not GDP in exchange for [alpha-32P]GDP release in preparations reconstituted with Gi1 or Gi2, but not with G0. These findings indicate that kappa-opioid receptor is coupled to inhibition of intrinsic activities of Gi1 and Gi2, but not G0, in guinea pig cerebellar membranes. In addition, it was revealed that the mode of action is mediated by a decrease in affinity of GTP (or its analog) for G proteins, but not by a change in affinity of GDP.
CORTICAL EVOKED POTENTIALS TO SEMANTIC STIMULI (1969)

ABSTRACT The influence of affective meaning on the photically evoked response was studied in male college students. Three sets of stimuli were used: taboo words, neutral words, and blank flashes. Two blocks of trials were run for each stimulus, one in which the S responded by calling the stimulus presented, and a second in which the S was not required to respond. The late components of the evoked potential were significantly related to both the stimulus and response conditions. Amplitude 2 was larger for the taboo words than for either the neutral words or the blank flash. The taboo words had a significantly greater amplitude 3 than neutral words, and both sets of words had higher amplitude 3 than the blank flash. The stimulus effect was discussed in terms of the possible influence of anatomical structures involved in emotional behavior on the visual evoked response. The response effect was felt to be the result of the increased attention required under the response condition.
The Metabolic Syndrome, LDL Particle Size, and Atherosclerosis (2000)

An operative definition of the metabolic syndrome has been suggested by a working group associated with the World Health Organization in 1998. The aim of this study was to examine whether small, low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size was associated with the metabolic syndrome and with subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by ultrasound in the carotid and femoral arteries. The study was performed in a population-based sample of clinically healthy men (N=391), all 58 years old and not undergoing any treatment with cardiovascular drugs. Exclusion criteria were cardiovascular or other clinically overt diseases or continuous medication with cardiovascular drugs. The results showed that subjects characterized by the metabolic syndrome (n=62) had a thicker mean intima-media complex (IMT) in both the carotid and femoral arteries (0.86 versus 0.77 mm, P:<0.001, and 1.03 versus 1. 00 mm, P:=0.022, respectively) and also lower mean values for LDL particle size (25.78 versus 26.80 nm, respectively, P:<0.001) compared with subjects with no risk factors (n=77). The group with the metabolic syndrome (n=62) also had higher mean values for serum cholesterol and heart rate. In the whole study group (N=391), there were significant but weak negative relationships between small LDL particle size, increasing IMT, and increasing cross-sectional intima-media area of the carotid and femoral arteries and also negative relationships between LDL particle size and plaque occurrence and size in the carotid and femoral arteries. In summary, this is the first large-scale study to demonstrate a relationship between the clustering of risk factors that constitute the metabolic syndrome and a small LDL particle size pattern and the occurrence of preclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid and femoral arteries, as assessed by the ultrasound technique, in healthy 58-year-old men recruited from the general population.
Studies on prolactin. Selective reduction of the disulfide bonds of the ovine hormone (1979)

Methods for selective reduction of the disulfide bonds in ovine prolactin are reported. Cleavage of all three disulfide bonds abolishes biological activity and denatures the hormone. Reduction-carbamidomethylation of one or two of the disulfide bridges does not diminish the biological activities in the pigeon crop-sac and mouse mammary gland bioassays. When compared to the native hormone, monomers of these two partially reduced-carbamidomethylated derivatives also show only modest changes in properties measured by exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism, and immunological cross-reactivities. However, cleavage of cystine-4--11 and cystine-191--199, followed by carbamidomethylation, destroys the biological activity of this derivative in a teleost fish bioassay (Gillichthys urinary bladder). In contrast, reduction of cystine-4--11 actually increased the teleost potency of this derivative compared to the intact hormone. Since teleost prolactin appears to lack a homologue to the cystine-4--11 disulfide bond in the amino-terminal loop of the ovine hormone, selective reduction of this bond in ovine prolactin may produce a derivative whose properties more closely resemble the fish hormone.
PKA-Dependent and PKA-Independent Pathways for cAMP-Regulated Exocytosis (2005)

Stimulus-secretion coupling is an essential process in secretory cells in which regulated exocytosis occurs, including neuronal, neuroendocrine, endocrine, and exocrine cells. While an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) is the principal signal, other intracellular signals also are important in regulated exocytosis. In particular, the cAMP signaling system is well known to regulate and modulate exocytosis in a variety of secretory cells. Until recently, it was generally thought that the effects of cAMP in regulated exocytosis are mediated by activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), a major cAMP target, followed by phosphorylation of the relevant proteins. Although the involvement of PKA-independent mechanisms has been suggested in cAMP-regulated exocytosis by pharmacological approaches, the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Newly discovered cAMP-GEF/Epac, which belongs to the cAMP-binding protein family, exhibits guanine nucleotide exchange factor activities and exerts diverse effects on cellular functions including hormone/transmitter secretion, cell adhesion, and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization. cAMP-GEF/Epac mediates the PKA-independent effects on cAMP-regulated exocytosis. Thus cAMP regulates and modulates exocytosis by coordinating both PKA-dependent and PKA-independent mechanisms. Localization of cAMP within intracellular compartments (cAMP compartmentation or compartmentalization) may be a key mechanism underlying the distinct effects of cAMP in different domains of the cell.
Monitoring Solder Fatigue in a Power Module Using Case-Above-Ambient Temperature Rise (2011)

Condition monitoring is needed in power electronic systems as a cost-effective means of improving reliability. Packaging-related solder fatigue has been identified as one of the main root causes of power electronic module failures. This paper presents a method to monitor solder fatigue inside a module by identifying the increase of internal thermal resistance due to that solder fatigue, taking account of the masking effect of the variable operating point. It is assumed that the total loss in the module increases as junction temperature rises, causing an increase in case-above-ambient temperature rise, which can be measured. A dynamic thermal model of the heat sink is utilized to estimate the power loss from temperature measurements, while a device power loss model is developed to estimate the internal thermal resistance by considering the converter electrical loading. Experiment and simulation are used to demonstrate the concept and verify the method.
Understanding Perceptions and Attitudes to Risk in the Tourism Industry (2014)

An increasingly complex and rapidly-evolving array of risks presents one of the greatest challenges for decision-makers in all sectors, including the transport and tourism industry. The prospects of an international destination can be profoundly damaged in minutes as a result of a major outbreak of infectious disease, a natural disaster or a terrorist incident. It is therefore vital to understand the changing nature of risk and the ways that risks are perceived and understood, especially as people tend to respond to the perception of risks rather than actual risks, which means that their responses are not always rational and can even expose them to more danger.\nThe first part of this paper assesses the understanding of risk, and why social, cultural and psychological factors influence the response to threat, the second part looks at the application of this approach to tourism, and the third part sets out a model that can capture the relevant variables for the tourism industry.
Effects of Pilocarpine and Other Antiglaucoma Drugs on Cultured Human Tenon's Fibroblast Cells (1997)

It has been found that long-term therapy with topical antiglaucoma drugs may decrease the success of glaucoma filtering surgery. In this study, various antiglaucoma drugs, including carteolol, betaxolol, levobunolol, pilocarpine, and timolol, were investigated for their proliferative effect on cultured human Tenon's fibroblast cells. It was found that the 3H-thymidine uptake of cultured fibroblast cells was inhibited by commercial antiglaucoma drugs, including carteolol of 0.1% concentration (13%), 0.01% (50%) and 0.001% (53%), betaxolol of 0.05% concentration (14%), 0.005% (42%) and 0.0005% (62%), levobunolol of 0.05% concentration (2%), 0.005% (32%) and 0.0005% (55%), and timolol of 0.025% concentration (4%), 0.0025% (47%) and 0.00025% (55%), whereas the 3H-thymidine uptake was increased by commercial pilocarpine eyedrop from 103% (0.2% of concentration), 170% (0.02% of concentration) to 171% (0.002% of concentration), when cells were treated with commercial drugs for 100 min. Meanwhile, the proliferations of cultured fibroblast cells were stimulated by simultaneously combining 0.2%, 0.02% and 0.002% concentrations of pilocarpine eyedrops with other antiglaucoma drugs, such as carteolol of 0.1% concentration (50%), 0.01% (113%) and 0.001% (138%), betaxolol of 0.05% concentration (24%), 0.005% (128%) and 0.0005% (142%), levobunolol of 0.05% concentration (32%), 0.005% (87%) and 0.0005% (119%), and timolol of 0.025% concentration (15%), 0.0025% (94%) and 0.00025% (118%). Following incubation with pure pilocarpine, the proliferation of Tenon's fibroblast cells was inhibited for 84% (0.2% concentration), 84% (0.02% concentration) and 90% (0.002% concentration). When fibroblast cells were treated with commercial pilocarpine eyedrops for 24 hours, the 3H-thymidine uptake was increased to 160% (0.02% concentration) and 172% (0.002% concentration). This result shows that the commercial pilocarpine may play a crucial role for the proliferation of cultured human Tenon's fibroblast cells.
Real Gas Lift Optimization: An Alternative to Timer Based Intermittent Gas Lift (2017)

Abstract A simple electronic control method for automatically determining the "on-time" parameter for intermittent gas lifted wells using existing continuous gas lift valves is presented. Lift gas consumption and production during intermittent operation is compared to previous continuous gas lift results of the same wells in an unconventional reservoir. Performance during abnormal field conditions is analyzed. Interpretation of pressure/flow curves is explained. Algorithms in electronic controllers normally used for plunger lift optimization are adapted to intermittent gas lift. Several pressure and flow phenomenon indicate the stage of the intermittent gas lift cycle. The most important indicator is a sudden increase in tubing pressure and gas production rate which signifies the arrival of fluid at the surface of the well. A setpoint is used to determine that the fluid slug has arrived and the gas injection is then brought to a halt until a timer or other parameter determines the beginning of the next injection cycle. Nearly all wells which were tested with the new control algorithm showed a large drop in consumption of lift gas, which was the only target of the test. The wells which showed the greatest lift efficiency improvements produced on average less than 150 barrels of total fluid per day. Many wells may have been producing less fluid under continuous gas lift due to higher average bottomhole pressure under continuous injection conditions. Nearly all wells maintained or increased production after the change. The use of an automatic on-time adjustment maintained production under scenarios where strict timer-based systems would have failed to produce fluid. The amount of time needed to restart a well after an automatic shut-in was reduced by closing the gas lift injection valve when a flow obstruction was indicated by rising tubing pressure and automatically restarting the well when conditions improved. This method is a simplified control strategy which can be implemented and maintained with little user intervention. Practicing engineers responsible for optimizing large groups of wells may find value in this novel strategy. The shale operator received a ROI of 7 days using this new approach.
Reduced pull-in time of phase-locked loops using a simple nonlinear phase detector (1995)

For a single-loop frequency synthesiser, there is a trade-off between time-to-lock and output phase-noise. To lock a PLL quickly, a high natural frequency ( omegan) is required, while a low omegan is necessary to obtain good jitter damping. The author presents a technique to reduce the time to lock of a frequency synthesiser PLL without changing the jitter transfer function.
Why Do Cancer Cells Become “Addicted” to Oncogenic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor? (2007)

The author discusses three new studies inPLoS Medicine that shed light on the mechanisms involved in apoptosis triggered by EGFR kinase inhibitors.
Association of MC4R Gene Polymorphisms with Growth and Body Composition Traits in Chicken (2006)

Genetic and pharmacological studies in mice have demonstrated a complementary role for the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) in the control of food intake, energy balance and body weight. This study was designed to investigate the associations of a MC4R gene polymorphism on chicken growth and body composition traits in broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat. A SNP (G54C) was found in CDS region of chicken MC4R gene. The analysis of the least squares and variance revealed a significant association between the G54C SNP and BW, CW and SL at 7 wk of age, and there were significant differences in different genotypes (p<0.05). The results from protein secondary structure prediction and tertiary structure prediction showed that it appeared a helix in 13 th amino acid and two strands at 14 th and15 th amino acid in mutant protein, respectively. It maybe induce the change of the activity or function of MC4R gene in poultry. (