gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B cell responses to HIV and the development of human monoclonal antibodies (1992)

In this review B cell responses in HIV-infected individuals are summarized together with the techniques used to date to produce human monoclonals to HIV and the properties of these antibodies. Profound disturbances in B cell responses are apparent both in vivo and in vitro. While there is evidence in vivo of marked polyclonal B cell activation, primary and secondary antibody responses are impaired. Similarly these cells exhibit spontaneous immunoglobulin secretion upon in vitro culture but do not readily respond to B cell mitogens and recall antigens including HIV. Furthermore, certain of these defects can be reproduced in normal B cells in vitro by incubation with HIV or HIV coded peptides. Individuals infected with HIV develop antibodies to HIV structural proteins (e.g. p17, p24, gp41 and gp120) and regulatory proteins (e.g. vif, nef, RT). Autoantibodies against a number of immunologically important molecules are also frequently observed. The anti-HIV antibodies are predominantly of the IgG1 isotype and exhibit a variety of effects on the virus in vitro. To date, using conventional immortalization strategies, an appreciable number of human monoclonals to HIV have been developed. These have been specific for gp41, gp120 and gag with antibodies of the former specificity predominating. The majority of these antibodies have been of the IgG1 isotype. Only a small number of the antibodies neutralize virus in vitro and most of these react with gp120. The neutralizing antibodies recognize conformational and carbohydrate epitopes or epitopes in amino acid positions 306-322. The predominant epitopes recognized by the anti-gp41 antibodies were in amino acid positions 579-620 and 644-662. A high percentage (congruent to 25%) of these antibodies enhance viral growth in vitro. The problems relating to the production of human monoclonals to HIV are discussed together with strategies that could be used in the future.
Listeria monocytogenes Strains Selected on Ciprofloxacin or the Disinfectant Benzalkonium Chloride Exhibit Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Benzalkonium Chloride, and Other Toxic Compounds (2011)

Listeria monocytogenes is a leading agent for severe food-borne illness and death in the United States and other nations. Even though drug resistance has not yet threatened therapeutic interventions for listeriosis, selective pressure associated with exposure to antibiotics and disinfectants may result in reduced susceptibility to these agents. In this study, selection of several L. monocytogenes strains on either ciprofloxacin (2 μg/ml) or the quaternary ammonium disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BC; 10 μg/ml) led to derivatives with increased MICs not only to these agents but also to several other toxic compounds, including gentamicin, the dye ethidium bromide, and the chemotherapeutic drug tetraphenylphosphonium chloride. The spectrum of compounds to which these derivatives exhibited reduced susceptibility was the same regardless of whether they were selected on ciprofloxacin or on BC. Inclusion of strains harboring the large plasmid pLM80 revealed that MICs to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin did not differ between the parental and plasmid-cured strains. However, ciprofloxacin-selected derivatives of pLM80-harboring strains had higher MICs than those derived from the plasmid-cured strains. Susceptibility to the antimicrobials was partially restored in the presence of the potent efflux inhibitor reserpine. Taken together, these data suggest that mutations in efflux systems are responsible for the multidrug resistance phenotype of strains selected on ciprofloxacin or BC.
SuiteSound: a system for distributed collaborative multimedia (1993)

SuiteSound, a programming environment with integrated support for multimedia, is discussed. SuiteSound is built in the Suite object-based system on a conventional UNIX operating system. SuiteSound objects incorporate multimedia by creating flows and filters. Flows are streams of multimedia data moving through a sequence of objects. They bridge the gap between objects representing the state of an entity at a discrete point in time and space and continuous media such as live audio or video. Filters are intermediate objects between the source and destination of a flow. They take flow as input, perform one of several operations such as multiplex-in, multiplex-out, gain control, or silence deletion on it, and send the resulting flow to its destination. In effect, they provide a virtual device interface for the application programmer that is uniform and independent of any physical device. The design and implementation of SuiteSound on the Sun SparcStation are described. Experiments performed to determine the network and CPU load of the sound tool are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correcting eddy current and motion effects by affine whole‐brain registrations: Evaluation of three‐dimensional distortions and comparison with slicewise correction (2010)

Eddy-current (EC) and motion effects in diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) bias the estimation of quantitative diffusion indices, such as the fractional anisotropy. Both effects can be retrospectively corrected by registering the strongly distorted diffusion-weighted images to less-distorted T2-weighted images acquired without diffusion weighting. Two different affine spatial transformations are usually employed for this correction: slicewise and whole-brain transformations. However, a relation between estimated transformation parameters and EC distortions has not been established yet for the latter approach. In this study, a novel diffusion-gradient-direction-independent estimation of the EC field is proposed based solely on affine whole-brain registration parameters. Using this model, it is demonstrated that a more distinct evaluation of the whole-brain EC effects is possible if the through-plane distortion was considered in addition to the well-known in-plane distortions. Moreover, a comparison of different whole-brain registrations relative to a slicewise approach is performed, in terms of the relative tensor error. Our findings suggest that for appropriate intersubject comparison of DTI data, a whole-brain registration containing nine affine parameters provides comparable performance (between 0 and 3%) to slicewise methods and can be performed in a fraction of the time.
A New N-Acetylgalactosamine Containing Peptide as a Targeting Vehicle for Mammalian Hepatocytes Via Asialoglycoprotein Receptor Endocytosis (2004)

Galactoside-containing cluster ligands have high affinity for asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGP-r), which are found in abundance in mammalian parenchymal liver cells. These ligands may be conjugated with a therapeutic drug to improve the efficiency of delivery to diseased liver cells. This report describes a new synthetic route towards clustering glycopeptides containing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc). The building block Fmoc-alpha-(ah-Ac3GalNAc)-L-glutamate allowed access to the target compound YEEE(alpha-ah-GalNAc)(3), a structural mimic of YEE(ah-GalNAc)(3), via solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Fatty acid, poly-lysine, fluorescein and biotin conjugates further demonstrate the facility of the described method. Using fluorescein labeling and 131I labeling, in vitro and in vivo assays confirmed that YEEE(alpha-ah-GalNAc)(3) possesses both specificity and affinity to the liver, similar to the agent YEE(ah-GalNAc)(3), which targets liver lesions. The synthesis described in this report represents a considerable improvement in synthesizing a ligand for ASGP-r by simplifying both the preparation of the starting material and the procedure for conjugating the galactosidase cluster to drugs.
The Isolation of a Sodium Sulfuric Acid Ester of Galactan from Irideae Laminarioides (Rhodophyceae) (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Isolation of a Sodium Sulfuric Acid Ester of Galactan from Irideae Laminarioides (Rhodophyceae)W. Z. HassidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 10, 4163–4167Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01337a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01337a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance Assessment of the New L2C CNAV GPS Signal (2015)

L2C is a relatively new GPS signal which is part of the GPS modernization program. In April 2014, the Air Force began broadcasting a valid L2C CNAV navigation message. When combined with the L1 C/A legacy signal in a dual-frequency receiver, L2C enables interesting features such as improved reliability, PVT solution accuracy and robustness in weak signal environments. Based on L1 C/A signal, our software receiver has been adapted to the L2C signal structure. This paper suggests methods for acquisition, tracking and PVT computation for the L2C signal exploiting the benefits of double frequency receiver
Drivers and Restrainers: Sociodrama of a Lewin Force Field (1992)

Learning methods involving enactment are being increasingly utilised in the training and development of managers as an adjunct to formal information learning sessions. Their advantage lies in creating learning which integrates action, thought and feeling. This article describes the enactment of a Lewin Force Field as a means of understanding and changing organisational culture in a middle management public sector context.
Interaction of Heparin with Human Angiogenin (1997)

HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells adhere rapidly to human angiogenin (Ang) via interactions with cell-surface heparan sulfate moieties (Soncin, F., Shapiro, R., and Fett, J. W. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 8999-9005). Soluble heparin inhibits adhesion, and Ang itself binds tightly to heparin-Sepharose. In the present study, the interaction of Ang with heparin has been further characterized. The basic cluster Arg-31/Arg-32/Arg-33 has been identified as an important component of the heparin binding site. Mutations of these residues, and of Arg-70 as well, decrease both the affinity of Ang for heparin-Sepharose and the capacity of Ang to support cell adhesion. Replacements of four other basic residues do not affect heparin binding. Heparin partially protects Ang from cleavage by trypsin at Lys-60, suggesting that heparin also binds to the region of Ang that contains this residue. The map here determined indicates that the heparin recognition site on Ang lies outside the catalytic center; indeed, heparin has no significant effect on the ribonucleolytic activity of Ang. It also does not influence the angiogenic activity of this protein. Light scattering measurements on Ang-heparin mixtures suggest that 1 heparin chain (mass of 16.5 kDa) can accommodate approximately 9 Ang molecules. The minimum size required for a heparin fragment to effectively inhibit HT-29 cell adhesion to Ang was determined to be 6 disaccharide units. The implications of these findings for inhibition of Ang-mediated tumor establishment in vivo are discussed.
Regulation of the proapoptotic protein BIMEL through its interactions with the tumor suppressor pVHL and the HIF prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3 (2008)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Rochester. School of Medicine and Dentistry. Dept. of Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, 2008.
Efficient Data Structures for Dynamic Graph Analysis (2015)

In the era of social networks, gene sequencing, and big data, a new class of applications that analyze the properties of large graphs as they dynamically change over time has emerged. The performance of these applications is highly influenced by the data structures used to store and access the graph in memory. Depending on its size and structure, update frequency, and read accesses of the analysis, the use of different data structures can yield great performance variations. Even for expert programmers, it is not always obvious, which data structure is the best choice for a given scenario. In this paper, we present a framework for handling this issue automatically. It provides compile-time support for automatically selecting the most efficient data structures for a given graph analysis application assuming a consistent workload on the graph. We perform a measurement study to better understand the performance of five data structures and evaluate a prototype Java implementation of our framework. It achieves a speedup of up to 4.7× compared to basic data structure configurations for the analysis of real-world dynamic graphs.
An Improved Synthesis of 2′,3′-Dideoxycytidine (1990)

Abstract A convenient synthesis of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC, 6) from 2′-deoxycytidine (1) has been achieved employing a base-catalyzed elimination of 3′-O−methanesulfonyl group as the key step.
Isochromophilone IX, a Novel GABA-Containing Metabolite Isolated from a Cultured Fungus, <i>Penicillium</i> sp. (2003)

Isochromophilone IX, a novel antibiotic active component was isolated from a penicillium species and investigated. Isochromophilone IX displays a specific rotation with the same sign as isochromophilone VI. It was found that isochromophilone represents the first occurrence of an γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) containing metabolite among only four naturally occuring members of this structure class.
Smart proxies for Jini services (2002)

Jini has been advertised as a self-healing infrastructure where both services and consumers of these services come and go. However, it does not explicitly address the issue of how to recover when a consumer communicates with a service, which suddenly fails. This paper presents how smart proxies can be implemented in a Jini environment, allowing a client to transparently reconnect to another instance of a service in case of a failure. An important feature of the Java language: dynamic proxy is used to allow this transparent reconnection scheme.
Animal models of drug‐resistant epilepsy<sup>*</sup> (2012)

Several animal models are discussed in order to outline features of difficult-to-treat or drug-resistant epilepsy. These models can be categorised as those which show a poor response to different antiepileptic drugs and those in which subgroups of drug-resistant animals are selected, based on interindividual differences. Non-responders to antiepileptic drugs have been described in the amygdala kindling model, as well as the chronic phase of post-status epilepticus models. Epileptic dogs which do not respond to standard antiepileptic drugs may serve as a translational model to provide a more clinical environment for drug testing. Drug resistance or a poor response to several antiepileptic drugs has been reported for the 6-Hz model, lamotrigine-pretreated kindled rats, pentylentetrazole-induced seizures in rats pre-exposed to pilocarpine, as well as following intrauterine exposure of rats to methylazoxymethanol. Using models to select non-responders is highly time-consuming and elaborate, limiting their use in routine drug-screening procedures. Current efforts to identify biomarkers of drug resistance may simplify the selection process, e.g. replacing several weeks of seizure monitoring by a single imaging scan. Moreover, further elucidation of mechanisms of resistance may help to design a series of ex vivo or in vitro screening procedures in order to evaluate whether a test compound is affected.
Body Mass Index Has a Linear Relationship with Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure (2012)

CSFP has a positive, linear relationship with BMI. IOP is not influenced by BMI. If CSFP influences the risk for POAG, then individuals with a lower BMI may have an increased risk for developing POAG. Similarly, a higher BMI may be protective.
Image denoising based on a CNN model (2018)

In digital image processing, filtering noise to reconstruct a high quality image is an important work for further image processing such as object segmentation, detection, recognition and tracking, etc. In this paper, we will use a CNN model in deep learning for image denoising. Compared with traditional image denoising methods such as average filtering, Wiener filtering and median filtering, the advantage of using this CNN model is that the parameters of this model can be optimized through network training; whereas in traditional image denoising, the parameters of these algorithms are fixed and cannot be adjusted during the filtering, namely, lack of adaptivity. In this paper, we design and implement the denoising method based on a linear CNN model. Our experimental results show that the proposed CNN model can effectively remove Gaussian noise and improve the performance of traditional image filtering methods significantly.
Making knowledge visible through intranet knowledge maps: concepts, elements, cases (2005)

Establishes the conceptual and empirical basis for an innovative instrument of corporate knowledge management: the knowledge map. It begins by briefly outlining the rationale for knowledge mapping, i.e. providing a common context to access expertise and experience in large companies. It then conceptualizes five types of knowledge maps that can be used in managing organizational knowledge. They are: knowledge sources, assets, structures, applications and development maps. In order to illustrate these five types of maps, a series of examples is presented (from a multimedia agency, a consulting group, a market research firm and a medium-sized services company), and the advantages and disadvantages of the knowledge mapping technique for knowledge management are discussed. The paper concludes with a series of quality criteria for knowledge maps and proposes a five-step procedure to implement knowledge maps in a corporate intranet.
A high current power IC technology using trench DMOS power device (2002)

A high-current power IC (PIC) technology that combines trench DMOS power devices with CMOS control is described. In the CMOS section, both high-voltage (60 V) and low-voltage (10 V) P- and N-channel MOS transistors allow dense control as well as high-voltage operation. The trench DMOS power device has a breakdown voltage of over 60 V and specific on resistance of 80 m Omega -mm/sup 2/. Using this technology, a high side switch PIC has been demonstrated for automotive applications. The low specific R/sub on/ and the dense control capability enable the PIC to handle up to 10 A of current with a die size of 8 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Available bone is the foremost criterion in the insertion of endosteal implants. (1998)

The foremost criterion in the insertion of endosteal implants is bone availability. Implant dentists should consider first the amount of available bone of the edentulous ridge where the endosteal implant will be inserted. A common error and cause of many implant failures is the dentist's use of an implant modality which is not indicated for the density and morphology of the available bone in the edentulous ridge. Implant modality/system is not the primary criterion in the insertion of endosteal implants. Before the dentist inserts an endosteal implant, he should gauge or measure the amount of bone where the implant is intended to be placed. It should be measured in width, height, length, trajectory, and implant-crown ratio. After recording the measurements of the available bone, these should be placed in different categories to serve as guides in implant selection. If there is not enough bone for the endosteal implant, bone modification should be performed. This can be done either by osteoplasty or ridge augmentation with the use of bone grafting materials. Aside from the amount of available bone in the edentulous ridge, another very, very important thing that should be considered is the quality or its density. Any biocompatible implant demonstrates some osseointegrated surfaces depending upon the bone type into which it is placed and the loads placed upon it. Implant body must exhibit a macrogeometry suitable for acceptable levels of force transfer to the surrounding tissues as well as for implantation into a bony site of a particular anatomic size.
A radio network for monitoring and diagnosing computer systems (2003)

By offering improved reliability and lower implementation cost, an interconnect technology based on radio communication provides an attractive alternative for implementing system functions requiring out-of-band signaling.
Direct opto-acoustic<i>in vitro</i>measurement of the spatial distribution of laser radiation in biological media (2006)

The problem of opto-acoustic (AO) diagnostics of light scattering and absorption in biological media is considered. The objects under study were milk, bovine and porcine liver, and bovine muscle tissue. The forward and backward schemes for recording acoustic signals were used in experiments. The spatial distribution of the light intensity was measured for each biological medium from the temporal profile of the excited OA pulse and the absorption coefficient and reduced scattering coefficient were determined. Opto-acoustic signals were excited by a 1064-nm pulsed Nd:YAG laser and a tunable Ti:sapphire laser at 779 nm. It is shown that the proposed method can be used for obtaining a priori information on a biological medium in problems of optical and AO tomography.