gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Model for High-Rate Acid Stimulation of Very Long Horizontal Wells (2007)

Abstract In 1999, Mærsk Olie og Gas AS introduced the Controlled Acid Jet (CAJ) completion and stimulation technique and over the last 7 years more than 300 km of reservoir sections have been implemented mainly in the Danish chalk fields (see SPE paper 78318 for a description of the concept). This method allows cost effective single operation acid stimulation of ultra long horizontal wells (15,000+ ft) in carbonate reservoirs. Successful implementation of the CAJ technique requires numerical modelling of the dynamics of the entire stimulation process to ensure equal distribution of the acid, effective control of the wormhole growth rate in all sections of the well, displacement of mud along the entire reservoir section, handling of significant (1,000+ psi) formation pressure gradients along the reservoir section etc. Especially the analysis of the mud displacement process along the horizontal sections has proven to be critical for optimising the completion design. The key to the successful field developments has been the gradual improvement of the CAJ technique which has been achieved by modelling the effect of a range of parameters prior to the full field trial to optimise the design of the completions. This paper describes the building blocks of the newly developed modelling algorithm* that captures the physics of the stimulation process and the numerical solution methods required to apply the CAJ technique in ultra long horizontal wells. The model has been matched to actual stimulation data and modelling is now widely used resulting in more effective stimulation and an extensive application of the CAJ technique for the development of marginal fields.
Preparation and photoelectrolytic behavior of the systems tungsten oxide (WO3-x) and tungsten fluoride oxide (WO3-xFx) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and photoelectrolytic behavior of the systems tungsten oxide (WO3-x) and tungsten fluoride oxide (WO3-xFx)C. E. Derrington, W. S. Godek, C. A. Castro, and A. WoldCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 4, 977–980Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50182a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50182a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coalescence and overgrowth of diamond grains for improved heteroepitaxy on silicon (001) (1998)

Heteroepitaxial [001]-oriented diamond films with considerably increased lateral grain size and strongly improved orientational perfection could be prepared by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition using a [001]-textured growth process on Si (001) substrates followed by a [110] step-flow growth process. The diamond films were characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the diamond crystals increase their lateral dimensions at the (001) film surface either by coalescence of grains combined with a termination of the propagation of grain boundaries or by changing the grain boundary plane orientations from preferentially vertical to preferentially parallel directions with respect to the (001) growth faces. In the second case, the grains with relatively large angle deviation from the ideal epitaxial orientation are overgrown by those with relatively small angle deviation. As a result, the degree of orientational perfection of the films improves considerably in comparison to that of films prepared by the established process of [001]-textured growth. The presence of boron in the gas phase was found to strongly enhance the step-flow lateral grain growth. It was possible to achieve deposition of a thin boron-doped diamond film characterized by a full width at half maximum value of the measured tilt angle distribution of only 2.1°.
Striped tape arrays (2002)

How data striping ideas apply to arrays of magnetic tape drives is being investigated. Data striping increases throughput and reduces response time for large accesses to a storage system. Striped magnetic tape systems are particularly appealing because many inexpensive magnetic tape drives have low bandwidth. Striping may offer dramatic performance improvements for these systems. Several important issues in designing striped tape systems are considered: the choice of tape drives and robots, whether to stripe within or between robots, and the choice of the best scheme for distributing data on cartridges. One of the most troublesome problems in striped-tape arrays is the synchronization of transfers across tape drives. Another issue is how improved devices will affect the desirability of striping in the future. The results of simulations comparing the performance of striped-tape systems to nonstriped systems are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An externally and internally deformable, programmable lung motion phantom (2015)

The authors have developed a realistic externally and internally deformable, programmable lung phantom that will serve as a valuable tool for clinical and investigational motion management studies in thoracic and abdominal radiation therapies.
Multiple beam interference lithography: A tool for rapid fabrication of plasmonic arrays of arbitrary shaped nanomotifs (2016)

A novel method enabling rapid fabrication of 2D periodic arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles across large areas is presented. This method is based on the interference of multiple coherent beams originating from diffraction of large-diameter collimated beam on a transmission phase mask. Mutual orientation of the interfering beams is determined by parameters of the used phase mask. Herein, parameters of the phase mask (periods and modulation depth) are selected to yield an interference pattern with high contrast and narrow well-separated maxima. Finally, multiple beam interference lithography (MBIL)-based fabrication of periodic plasmonic arrays with selected nanomotifs including discs, disc dimers, rods and bowtie antennas is demonstrated.
Motion compensation for video compression using control grid interpolation (1991)

A new class of motion compensation methods that are based on control grid interpolation (CGI) for use in video compression is described. The predominant motion compensation method, block matching, is shown to be a special case of CGI. A new CGI method is presented that produces a smooth motion vector field, preserving continuity and connectivity in the prediction image. When contrasted with block matching, the new algorithm eliminates blocking artifacts while using the same or less side information for approximately the same mean square error. Search algorithms and coding methods developed previously for block matching can be used with this new technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MPEG-2 Transport over ATM Networks. (1999)

The growth of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology and the maturity of coding standards have made possible the large-scale deployment of high-quality audio-visual services.
Synthesis and Reactions of Some <i>para</i> -Substituted N-Hydroxyacetanilides (1979)

The synthesis of some 4'-protected N ,4'-dihydroxyacetanilides is described. The reactions of the N -acetoxy derivatives have been studied.
<i>SPARTAN</i> (2002)

While a variety of lossy compression schemes have been developed for certain forms of digital data (e.g., images, audio, video), the area of lossy compression techniques for arbitrary data tables has been left relatively unexplored. Nevertheless, such techniques are clearly motivated by the ever-increasing data collection rates of modern enterprises and the need for effective, guaranteed-quality approximate answers to queries over massive relational data sets.In this paper, we propose SPARTAN, a system that takes advantage of attribute semantics and data-mining models to perform lossy compression of massive data tables. SPARTAN is based on the novel idea of exploiting predictive data correlations and prescribed error-tolerance constraints for individual attributes to construct concise and accurate Classification and Regression Tree (CaRT) models for entire columns of a table. More precisely, SPARTAN selects a certain subset of attributes (referred to as predicted attributes) for which no values are explicitly stored in the compressed table; instead, concise error-constrained CaRTs that predict these values (within the prescribed error tolerances) are maintained. To restrict the huge search space of possible CaRT predictors, SPARTAN uses a Bayesian network structure to guide the selection of CaRT models that minimize the overall storage requirement, based on the prediction and materialization costs for each attribute. SPARTAN 's CaRT-building algorithms employ novel integrated pruning strategies that take advantage of the given error constraints on individual attributes to minimize the computational effort involved. Our experimentation with several real-life data sets offers convincing evidence of the effectiveness of SPARTAN 's model-based approach --- SPARTAN is able to consistently yield substantially better compression ratios than existing semantic or syntactic compression tools (e.g., gzip) while utilizing only small samples of the data for model inference.
<title>Emissivity measurement of the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility</title> (1994)

The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility is a 3 meter infrared optimized telescope available to the astronomical community based on a peer reviewed applications. Efforts underway for two years to reduce the telescope emission in the infrared have reduced the telescope emissivity by more than a factor of two. This paper will report on the present telescope emissivity, the method used to measure the telescope emissivity, and cleaning procedures.
Dilacunary Decatungstates Functionalized by Organometallic Ruthenium(II), [{Ru(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)(H<sub>2</sub>O)}{Ru(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)}(γ-XW<sub>10</sub>O<sub>36</sub>)]<sup>4</sup><sup>-</sup> (X = Si, Ge) (2006)

The benzene-Ru(II)-supported dilacunary decatungstosilicate [{Ru(C6H6)(H2O)}{Ru(C6H6)}(gamma-SiW10O36)]4- and the isostructural decatungstogermanate [{Ru(C6H6)(H2O)}{Ru(C6H6)}(gamma-GeW10O36)]4- have been synthesized and characterized by multinuclear solution NMR, IR, elemental analysis, and electrochemistry. Single-crystal X-ray analysis was carried out on K4[{Ru(C6H6)(H2O)}{Ru(C6H6)}(gamma-SiW10O36)].9H2O (K-1), which crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pmn2(1), with a = 13.6702(3) A, b = 16.2419(4) A, c = 12.1397(2) A, and Z = 2, and on K4[{Ru(C6H6)(H2O)}{Ru(C6H6)}(gamma-GeW10O36)].7H2O (K-2), which also crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pmn2(1), with a = 13.6684(12) A, b = 16.297(2) A, c = 12.1607(13) A, and Z = 2. Polyanions 1 and 2 consist of a Ru(C6H6)(H2O) group and a Ru(C6H6) group linked to a dilacunary (gamma-XW10O36) Keggin fragment resulting in an assembly with idealized Cs symmetry. The Ru(C6H6)(H2O) group is bound at the lacunary polyanion site via two Ru-O(W) bonds, whereas the Ru(C6H6) group is bound on the side via three Ru-O(W) bonds. Polyanions 1 and 2 were synthesized in aqueous acidic medium at pH 2.5 by the reaction of [Ru(C6H6)Cl2]2 with [gamma-SiW10O36]8- and [gamma-GeW10O36]8-, respectively. The formal potentials are roughly the same for the first W waves of 1 and 2. However, important differences appear for the second W waves. These observations indicate different acid-base properties for the reduced forms of 1 and 2. Three oxidation processes were detected: the oxidation of the Ru center is followed first by irreversible electrocatalytic processes of the Ru-benzene moiety and then of the electrolyte. Comparison of this behavior with that of the precursor reagent, [Ru(C6H6)Cl2]2, was useful to understand the main oxidation processes. A ligand substitution reaction was observed upon addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) to 1, 2, or [Ru(C6H6)Cl2]2. This reaction facilitates substantially the oxidation of the Ru center. The dmso was oxidized with large electrocatalytic currents more efficiently in the presence of 1 and 2 than with [Ru(C6H6)Cl2]2.
Analysis of Rotor-Rotor and Stator-Stator Interferences in Multi-Stage Turbomachines (2002)

A nonlinear harmonic methodology is adopted to analyze interactions between adjacent stages in multi-stage compressors. Of particular interest are the effects of circumferential “aperiodic” distributions and the relative circumferential positioning (‘clocking’) of blades. The main feature of the present approach is that both the aperiodic and clocking effects are very efficiently included with circumferential “steady” harmonic disturbances. Consequently, a single run of the nonlinear harmonic solver using a single-passage domain can produce the whole annulus unsteady and aperiodic time-averaged flow field. In addition, performance variation at any clocking position can be obtained simply by post-processing the result. A case study is presented for a two-and-half-stage transonic compressor, and the present results show much stronger rotor-rotor interaction than stator-stator interaction. A mechanism leading to strong rotor-rotor interference seems to be the interaction between upstream rotor wakes and the downstream rotor passage shock waves. A rotor-rotor clocking study illustrates a qualitatively different loss variation with respect to clocking position in a transonic flow compared to that in a subsonic flow.
Characteristics of innovative adaptive-optics servos that use membrane-based spatial light modulators (1994)

A theoretical model has been developed to simulate the behavior of a new class of optically addressed membrane-based spatial light modulator. Numerical simulations of the single-pixel performance of adaptive-optics servos that use this type of device have also been performed and indicate that excellent high-speed optical wave-front-error reduction can be achieved.
Catechol and phenol degradation by a methanogenic population of bacteria (1978)

An anaerobic population of bacteria became acclimated to catechol and phenol in 32 and 18 days, respectively. Evidence from carbon balance measurements indicates that the aromatic ring is cleaved and that the products are stoichiometrically fermentable to methane and carbon dioxide.
An unusual arylation of 4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydropyrimido[4,5‐<i>b</i>]quinoline (1971)

Abstract Treatment of 4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydropyrimido[4,5‐6 ]quinoline (II) with phosphorus oxychloride and a dialkylaniline resulted in the introduction of a p ‐dialkylaminophenyl group at position‐5, and reduction of the central (pyridine) ring, as well as substitution of oxygen by chlorine at po‐sition‐4, forming compounds considered to be 4‐chloro‐5‐( p ‐dialkylaminophenyl)‐5, 10‐dihydro‐pyrimido[4,5‐6 ]quinolines (XV). Several 4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydropyrimido[4,5‐ b ]quinolines having phenyl substituents at position‐5 were synthesized unequivocally, and could be readily reduced to the corresponding 4‐oxo‐5‐phenyl‐3,4,5,10‐tetrahydropyrimido[4,5‐6]quinolines, and the 4‐oxo group replaced by chlorine, in the usual manner, leading to compounds related structurally to XV. Comparison of the chemical and physical properties of these compounds established the structure of XV, and a mechanism which rationalizes the formation of XV from II is presented.
Universal Behavior of Atomistic Strain in Self-Assembled Quantum Dots (2016)

Self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are highly strained heterostructures. The lattice strain significantly modifies the electronic and optical properties of these devices. A universal behavior is observed in atomistic strain simulations (in terms of both strain magnitude and profile) of QDs with different shapes and materials. In this paper, this universal behavior is investigated by atomistic as well as analytic continuum models. Atomistic strain simulations are very accurate but computationally expensive. On the other hand, analytic continuum solutions are based on assumptions that significantly reduce the accuracy of the strain calculations, but are very fast. Both techniques indicate that the strain depends on the aspect ratio (AR) of the QDs, and not on the individual dimensions. Thus, simple closed-form equations are introduced which directly provide the atomistic strain values inside the QD as a function of the AR and the material parameters. Moreover, the conduction and valence band edges E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C/V</sub> and their effective masses m* <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C/V</sub> of the QDs are dictated by the strain and AR consequently. The universal dependence of atomistic strain on the AR is useful in many ways. Not only does it reduce the computational cost of atomistic simulations significantly, but it also provides information about the optical transitions of QDs given the knowledge of E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C/V</sub> and m* <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C/V</sub> from AR. Finally, these expressions are used to calculate optical transition wavelengths in InAs/GaAs QDs, and the results agree well with the experimental measurements and atomistic simulations.
Mutations in the guinea pig preproglucagon gene are restricted to a specific portion of the prohormone sequence (1986)

A cDNA clone encoding guinea pig preproglucagon has been isolated from a pancreatic cDNA library. The predicted amino acid sequence of proglucagon is highly conserved in all regions, in comparison to other mammals, except for the C-terminal portion of the 29-residue glucagon region, in which 5 amino acid substitutions have occurred. These changes may serve to offset the reduced receptor-binding potency of the highly mutated insulin in this New World species.
Enantio- and Diastereoselective Michael Reaction of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds to Nitroolefins Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Thiourea (2004)

We synthesized a new class of bifunctional catalysts bearing a thiourea moiety and an amino group on a chiral scaffold. Among them, thiourea 1e bearing 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene and dimethylamino groups was revealed to be highly efficient for the asymmetric Michael reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroolefins. Furthermore, we have developed a new synthetic route for (R)-(-)-baclofen and a chiral quaternary carbon center with high enantioselectivity by Michael reaction. In these reactions, we assumed that a thiourea moiety and an amino group of the catalyst activates a nitroolefin and a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound, respectively, to afford the Michael adduct with high enantio- and diastereoselectivity.
Screening for Lung Cancer (1989)

Lung cancer is the commonest cause of death from cancer in both men and women, with approximately 152,000 new cases and 139,000 deaths in 1988. The incidence and mortality rates are increasing rapidly in women. Two main tests have been used to screen for lung cancer: chest roentgenography and sputum cytology. Four recent controlled trials and one case-control study failed, however, to show that screening reduces lung cancer mortality even in high-risk persons (smokers). In the Mayo Lung Project, for example, the lung cancer death rate in high-risk men offered sputum cytology and chest roentgenogram every 4 months was 3.1 per 1000 person-years, compared with 3.0 per 1000 person-years in a control group. Chest roentgenograms and sputum cytology lead to false-positive test results in smokers of approximately 5% and 0.5%, respectively. Because of the lack of evidence of benefit and because of its potential harms and costs, screening for lung cancer is not recommended.
[Obstetric catastrophes barely just avoided: near misses in Moroccan hospitals]. (2002)

A consensus definition of obstetric catastrophes barely only just avoided, called near miss cases in the recent scientific literature, has been elaborated during an international seminar held in Morocco. A near miss case was defined as "any pregnant or recently delivered - or aborted - woman, whose immediate survival is threatened and who survives by chance or because of the hospital care received". This definition was then operationalised using severity criteria combining clinical signs and types of intervention clear enough to easily screen near miss cases in hospital files. These criteria were then used to identify the near misses that occurred in 1998 in two public Moroccan hospitals (Tetouan and Sidi Kacem). A total of 81 cases of severe maternal complications (76 near misses and 5 deaths) were collected, a frequency of 11.9% among hospital admissions for delivery or pregnancy complications. The interest and limitations of such a near miss case definition are discussed. It seems that the criteria applied were operational in the Moroccan context. They are specific, i.e. they permitted to identify true cases of mother's life threatening complications. Finally, they generated a sufficiently great number of cases and a range of situations large enough to hold monthly audits and to identify sub-standard care.
SOLID-STATE LASER COOLING OF YTTERBIUM-DOPED TUNGSTATE CRYSTALS (2001)

Abstract : Anti-Stokes fluorescence can be used to cool a material if its radiative quantum efficiency is nearly unity. Until recently, the only solid which had shown net cooling was an ytterbium-doped heavy metal fluoride glass. Reasons for the lack of success with other materials include energy transfer to unwanted impurities, trapping of the fluorescence by internal reflection and reabsorption, and nonradiative relaxation via low-frequency accepting modes. However, substantial progress has recently been achieved in cooling new classes of rare-earth-doped solids. Photothermal deflection spectroscopy of Yb3+ in the two laser crystals KGd(WO4)2 and KY(WO4)2 demonstrates optical cooling. These materials have high figures of merit for radiation-balanced lasing, in which the Stokes heating by stimulated emission is offset by the anti-Stokes cooling due to spontaneous emission. However, approximately 1.3% of the relaxations from the excited to the ground states are nonradiative via energy transfer to impurities. In addition, about 0.3% of the pump light is absorbed per centimeter of travel by species such as transition-metal ions which dump that energy directly into heat.