gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ynamines from 1,1-difluoro-2-aryl and 2-alkylethylenes (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTYnamines from 1,1-difluoro-2-aryl and 2-alkylethylenesDonald R. StrobachCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 10, 1438–1440Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00809a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00809a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views491Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Control of an unmanned aerial vehicle using a neuronal network (2013)

The need for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) controller to operate autonomously and to manage its operations with minimal assistance from humans or rule-based controllers has steadily increased over the years. Numerous approaches have been attempted to address the challenge of developing a UAV with full autonomy. In this paper, a neuronal network-based learning model named NeuraBASE is presented as a possible solution towards autonomy. This neuronal network represents a learning hierarchy of interconnected neurons capable of storing sequences of sensor and motor neuron events. The model is evaluated using experimental scenarios simulated with the STAGE simulation platform, which involves navigational control towards a stationary target. Results show that navigational control with a simple neuronal network can be achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Approach to the Synthesis of 6‐Substituted 1,5‐ Dialkyluracils and ‐2‐thiouracils (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
5-Fluorouracil (2007)

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been the mainstay of colorectal cancer treatment for over 40 years. However, response rates for 5-FU in advanced colorectal cancer are modest. Although combining 5-FU with the newer chemotherapeutic agents oxaliplatin and irinotecan has improved response rates, new therapeutic strategies are necessary. Understanding the molecular mechanism by which tumors become resistant to 5-FU is needed if drug resistance is to be overcome. Tumor drug resistance is often due to insufficient chemotherapy-induced cell death. In this chapter, we describe the mechanisms of action of 5-FU, focusing on 5-FU-induced cell death. In the future, strategies aimed at increasing the effectiveness of 5-FU may target the cell death and cell survival pathways that are activated by this drug.
A CORBA-based manufacturing environment (2002)

A CORBA based distributed object software system was developed for Sandia's Agile Manufacturing Testbed (SAMT). This information architecture supports the goals of agile manufacturing: rapid response to changing requirements; reduction in both time and cost of the product realization process; and integration within a heterogeneous, wide area networked enterprise. Features of the resulting software controlled manufacturing environment are: easy plug and play of manufacturing devices, support for both automated and manual operations, information flow both into and out of manufacturing devices, and a dynamic task sequencer.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Enhance Ligament Fibroblast Collagen Formation in Association with Changes in Interleukin-6 Production (2000)

Altering dietary ratios of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) represents an effective nonpharmaceutical means to improve systemic inflammatory conditions. An effect of PUFA on cartilage and bone formation has been demonstrated, and the purpose of this study was to determine the potential of PUFA modulation to improve ligament healing. The effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFA on the in vitro healing response of medial collateral ligament (MCL) fibroblasts were investigated by studying the cellular coverage of an in vitro wound and the production of collagen, PGE2, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF. Cells were exposed to a bovine serum albumin (BSA) control or either eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) or arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) in the form of soaps loaded onto BSA for 4 days and wounded on Day 5. AA and EPA improved the healing of an in vitro wound over 72 hr. EPA increased collagen synthesis and the overall percentage of collagen produced, but AA reduced collagen production and total protein. PGE2 production was increased in the AA-treated group and decreased in the EPA-treated group, but was not affected by wounding. IL-1 was not produced at the time point evaluated, but TNF and IL-6 were both produced, and their levels varied relative to the PUFA or wounding treatment. There was a significant linear correlation (r2 = 0.57, P = 0.0045) between IL-6 level and collagen production. These results demonstrate that n-3 PUFA (represented by EPA in this study) positively affect the healing characteristics of MCL cells and therefore may represent a possible noninvasive treatment to improve ligament healing. Additionally, these results show that MCL fibroblasts produce PGE2, IL-6, and TNF and that IL-6 production is related to MCL collagen synthesis.
Determination of the microbial diversity of anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge by a novel molecular biological technique (1998)

Sequential anaerobic-aerobic batch reactors were maintained on acetate/peptone and two different P/total organic carbon ratios that select for microbial communities enriched for either glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAO) or polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO). The community profiles of the eubacterial population and gram-positive high G-C bacteria (HGC) were characterized and compared by determining the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) of 16S rDNA. The HhaI+RsaI digested 5′ T-RFLP patterns of the eubacterial 16S rDNA amplified from the GAO- and PAO-enriched communities were made up with 12 and 14 rank-abundant fragments (i.e., ribotypes), respectively. Among those ribotypes detected in the GAO-enriched community, only seven were found in the PAO-enriched community. The HGC group could only account for no more than 6% and 17% of the eubacterial 16S rDNA amplified from the GAO- and PAO-enriched communities, respectively. Within the HGC community, at least 16 and 10 rank-abundant ribotypes were observed in the MspI digested T-RFLP patterns of GAO- and PAO-enriched communities, respectively. Among those HGC ribotypes observed in both communities, only five were in common. These indicate that the enrichment processes leading to the establishment of GAO- and PAO-specific communities caused the dramatic difference and complexity in the microbial population.
The first George W (2009)

When any politician sneezes or mops a brow, flunkies flap in panic and rivals circle greedily. When that politician is leader of the world’s largest democracy, any hint of less than tip top health commands global attention.

Of America’s 44 presidents so far, eight have died in office, while many have had life threatening episodes, ranging from Franklin D Roosevelt’s paralysing illness (probably polio) to George W Bush’s encounter with a pretzel. But no US president has borne such ill health—nor suffered quite so much at the hands of his doctors—as the first.

Broad shouldered and more than 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, George Washington (1732-99) battled with no fewer than 10 bouts of …
Nerve graft immunogenicity as a factor determining axonal regeneration in the rat (1990)

Acellular basal lamina grafts have recently been reported to support axonal regeneration and have been used in peripheral nerve repair. The present study was designed to determine the immunogenicity of such basal lamina allografts (grafts that are genetically different) and their potential as bridging material for nerve gap repair. Inbred strains of Fischer and Buffalo rats with known histocompatibility differences were used. Acellular grafts were prepared by repeated freezing and thawing nerve tissue predegenerated in situ for 6 weeks. Non-frozen predegenerated nerves were used as cellular grafts for comparison. Fischer rats were used as hosts and received cellular or acellular grafts obtained from Fischer (isograft, genetically identical) or Buffalo (allograft) donors. The grafts were evaluated morphologically at 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after transplantation. The cellular isografts supported axonal regeneration best. The cellular allografts were invariably rejected and were unsuccessful or only partially successful in supporting regeneration. In contrast, acellular allografts, in spite of their mild immunogenicity were successful in supporting regeneration, as were the acellular isografts. The rate of host axonal regeneration and recovery of target muscle was reduced in acellular allografts and isografts as compared to cellular isografts. It is concluded that acellular allografts are suitable for supporting axonal regeneration and may be used to bridge gaps in injured peripheral nerves.
N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction (2010)

A variant of the popular nonparametric nonuniform intensity normalization (N3) algorithm is proposed for bias field correction. Given the superb performance of N3 and its public availability, it has been the subject of several evaluation studies. These studies have demonstrated the importance of certain parameters associated with the B-spline least-squares fitting. We propose the substitution of a recently developed fast and robust B-spline approximation routine and a modified hierarchical optimization scheme for improved bias field correction over the original N3 algorithm. Similar to the N3 algorithm, we also make the source code, testing, and technical documentation of our contribution, which we denote as "N4ITK," available to the public through the Insight Toolkit of the National Institutes of Health. Performance assessment is demonstrated using simulated data from the publicly available Brainweb database, hyperpolarized (3)He lung image data, and 9.4T postmortem hippocampus data.
A microwave plasma torch and its applications (2006)

A portable microwave plasma torch at atmospheric pressure by making use of magnetrons operated at 2.45 GHz and used in a home microwave oven has been developed. This electrodeless torch can be used in various areas including commercial, environmental and military applications. For example, perfluorocompounds (PFCs), which have long lifetimes and serious global warming implications, are widely used during plasma etching and plasma-assisted chamber cleaning processes in chemical vapour deposition systems. The microwave torch effectively eliminates PFCs. Efficient decomposition of toluene gas indicates the effectiveness of volatile organic compound eliminations from industrial emission and the elimination of airborne chemical and biological warfare agents. The microwave torch has been used to synthesize carbon nanotubes in an on-line system, thereby providing the opportunity of mass production of the nanotubes. There are other applications of the microwave plasma torch.
Chemically Defined Antibody– and Small Molecule–Drug Conjugates for in Vivo Tumor Targeting Applications: A Comparative Analysis (2018)

We present the first direct comparative evaluation of an antibody-drug conjugate and of a small molecule-drug conjugate for cancer therapy, using chemically defined products which bind with high-affinity to carbonic anhydrase IX, a marker of tumor hypoxia and of renal cell carcinoma.
Fast statistical spam filter by approximate classifications (2006)

Statistical-based Bayesian filters have become a popular and important defense against spam. However, despite their effectiveness, their greater processing overhead can prevent them from scaling well for enterprise-level mail servers. For example, the dictionary lookups that are characteristic of this approach are limited by the memory access rate, therefore relatively insensitive to increases in CPU speed. We address this scaling issue by proposing an acceleration technique that speeds up Bayesian filters based on approximate classification. The approximation uses two methods: hash-based lookup and lossy encoding. Lookup approximation is based on the popular Bloom filter data structure with an extension to support value retrieval. Lossy encoding is used to further compress the data structure. While both methods introduce additional errors to a strict Bayesian approach, we show how the errors can be both minimized and biased toward a false negative classification.We demonstrate a 6x speedup over two well-known spam filters (bogofilter and qsf) while achieving an identical false positive rate and similar false negative rate to the original filters.
Sugar metabolism during coffee fruit development. (2005)

Dans cette étude, nous avons analysé plus particulièrement la saccharose synthase (Susy: EC2.4.1.13) au niveau biochimique et moléculaire durant le développement des fruits de caféier. De plus, des expériences de nutrition utilisant du 14C -saccharose et d'incubation de fruits avec du 14CO2 ont aussi été réalisées. Nos résultats suggèrent que la Susy est la principale enzyme responsable du métabolisme du saccharose dans les fruits de caféier. Dans la pulpe et l'endosperme de fruits au dernier stade de maturation, un pic de l'activité Susy est observé et se superpose avec l'augmentation de la quantité de saccharose mesurée. Au niveau moléculaire, nous avons cloné deux ADNc codant pour des isoformes différentes de Susy. Nous avons aussi montré ces deux gènes de Susy s'expriment dans les fruits de caféier, avec toutefois des différences spatiales et temporelles concernant leur expression. Les expériences de marquage au 14C ont montré que les sucres ne sont pas seulement transportés des feuilles vers les fruits, mais qu'il y a aussi des communications intenses entre les tissus qui composent les fruits.
Carboxyl Ester Lipase Expression in Macrophages Increases Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation and Promotes Atherosclerosis (2005)

Carboxyl ester lipase (CEL, also called cholesterol esterase or bile salt-dependent lipase) is a lipolytic enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cholesteryl esters, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids in a trihydroxy bile salt-dependent manner but hydrolyzes ceramides and lysophospholipids via bile salt-independent mechanisms. Although CEL is synthesized predominantly in the pancreas, a low level of CEL expression was reported in human macrophages. This study used transgenic mice with macrophage CEL expression at levels comparable with that observed in human macrophages to explore the functional role and physiological significance of macrophage CEL expression. Peritoneal macrophages from CEL transgenic mice displayed a 4-fold increase in [(3)H]oleate incorporation into cholesteryl [(3)H]oleate compared with CEL-negative macrophages when the cells were incubated under basal conditions in vitro. When challenged with acetylated low density lipoprotein, cholesteryl ester accumulation was 2.5-fold higher in macrophages expressing the CEL transgene. The differences in cholesteryl ester accumulation were attributed to the lower levels of ceramide and lysophosphatidylcholine in CEL-expressing cells than in CEL-negative cells. CEL transgenic mice bred to an atherosclerosis susceptible apoE(-/-) background displayed an approximate 4-fold higher atherosclerotic lesion area than apoE(-/-) mice without the CEL transgene when both were fed a high fat/cholesterol diet. Plasma level of the atherogenic lysophosphatidylcholine was lower in the CEL transgenic mice, but plasma cholesterol level and lipoprotein profile were similar between the two groups. These studies documented that CEL expression in macrophages is pro-atherogenic and that the mechanism is because of its hydrolysis of ceramide and lysophosphatidylcholine in promoting cholesterol esterification and decreasing cholesterol efflux.
Patency of laser-assisted anastomoses in small vessels: one-year follow-up. (1987)

Laser-assisted arterial anastomoses can now be performed with satisfactory short-term patency. This study was undertaken to evaluate patency and aneurysm formation with a 1-year follow-up. A microscopically guided CO2 laser was used to anastomose 1.5 to 2.0 mm carotid arteries in 24 rabbits. Under X6 to X40 magnification, 60 to 70 mW were delivered with a spot size of approximately 0.32 mm. One carotid artery underwent laser anastomosis; the opposite served as a sutured control (10-0 nylon sutures). The 48 end-to-end anastomoses were evaluated for patency and aneurysm formation at 3, 6, and 12 months. Aneurysms were defined as a 1.5 times increase in diameter at the anastomotic site. The vessels underwent microscopic examination. All laser-assisted and sutured anastomoses were patent up to 1 year. At 3 months, one of eight sutured and one of eight laser anastomoses were aneurysmal; stenosis was noted in one laser anastomosis. At 6 months, one of eight laser and 0 of eight sutured anastomoses were aneurysmal. At 12 months, one of eight rabbits had died; of the remaining seven, three of seven laser and zero of seven sutured anastomoses were aneurysmal. In total, five of 23 (21.7%) aneurysms developed with the laser technique and one of 23 (4.3%) with the suture technique (p less than 0.05). Laser-assisted anastomoses are technically feasible, and patency at 1 year is equal to those performed with the suture technique. Aneurysm formation is a consistent problem that demands further investigation.
The Amigo™ Remote Catheter System: From Concept to Bedside (2017)

Radiation exposure is a serious concern during fluoroscopic procedures, including electrophysiology (EP) studies and radiofrequency catheter ablation of arrhythmias. Operators typically don lead aprons to protect themselves from radiation, but wearing lead can result in greater fatigue and orthopedic injury during long procedures. To address this problem, two robotic catheter systems (RCS) have previously been introduced on the market, the Niobe<sup>®</sup> (Stereotaxis Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) and Sensei<sup>®</sup> X (Hansen Medical, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) systems. However, the widespread adoption of these systems has been limited by both cost and ease of use. In contrast, the Amigo™ RCS (Catheter Precision, Inc., Mount Olive, NJ, USA) was developed to provide a simple, lower profile, and less expensive remote catheter manipulation solution. Approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), this technology allows for operators to remotely manipulate electrophysiology (EP) catheters from outside the fluoroscopy field. Notably, the Amigo™ RCS (Catheter Precision, Inc., Mount Olive, NJ, USA) first underwent an early study in dogs in 2008 to demonstrate its safety and efficacy in an animal model. After a clinical trial evaluating its safety and mapping capabilities in humans was completed in 2010, the Amigo™ RCS (Catheter Precision, Inc., Mount Olive, NJ, USA) underwent several scientific studies to examine its ability to assist in the mapping and ablation of various arrhythmias in comparison with the conventional manual approach. The Amigo™ RCS (Catheter Precision, Inc., Mount Olive, NJ, USA) achieved mapping and ablation success rates that were similar to those achieved with manual catheter manipulation, and no complications due to its use were observed. It was approved by the FDA for use in diagnostic EP studies of the right atrium and ventricle in 2012, with this indication later expanded in 2014 to include radiofrequency ablations. The device is currently compatible with the Blazer™ (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA) and EZ STEER™ (Biosense Webster, Inc., Diamond Bar, CA, USA) catheter handles. Here, we present a clinical report in which the Amigo™ RCS (Catheter Precision, Inc., Mount Olive, NJ, USA) was employed to map and ablate symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia. Dr. Cohen's clinical experience with this robotic system is also reviewed.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME PHOTOSENSITIZING METHYLANGELICINS, AS MONOFUNCTIONAL REAGENTS FOR DNA (1982)

Abstract Die von den Hydroxycumarinen (I) erhaltenen Allyl‐ether (III) lagern sich nach Claisen hauptsächlich in die Verbindungen (V) "um, daneben entstehen die.
Türk Kültür Tarihi, Iç Asyadaki Erken Safhalar (1985)

T ü rk kültürü şim âlî Eurasia kıtasının geniş ufuklarında doğ muştu.T ü rkler hakkında en eski kaynaklar, Ç in tarihleri, M îlâd d an önceki Ü çüncü asırda yaşayan, târîh sahnesinde T ü rk olarak beli recek bir kaç boy üzerinde bilgi verm ektedir (Basmıl'lar, K ırgızlar, U ygu rlar ve Çinlilerin Ting-ling, T 'ieh-le gibi adlar ile andıkları, kağnı sahibi kabileler).1 Bu T ü rk boyları, Ç in 'in şim alinden batıya doğru, A ral gölüne kadar uzanan bir kuşak boyunca kurulmuş dev letler olarak tanıtılm aktadır.Böylece, erken T ü rkler, şim âlî Eurasia kıtasında yaygın , m uhtelif ırklardan (europid ve m ongolid) boylar çevresinden idiler.2Çevrenin doğusu hakkında araştırm alar şunu göstermektedir : Aslen, ana etrâfında teşekkül eden, küçük çapda ekinci toplum lar, M îlâd d an önceki ikinci binyılın sonunda, bir istilâ sonrasında, m uhtem elen Â r î kavim lerin ilerlemesi neticesinde, h ayât tarzlarını değiştirm işlerdi.3G eçim lerini çobanlık ve av ile sağlam ağa başlamışlardı
Characterization of Genes Encoding Translation Initiation Factor eIF-2  in Mouse and Human: Sex Chromosome Localization, Escape from X-Inactivation and Evolution (1998)

The Delta Sxrb interval of the mouse Y chromosome is critical for spermatogenesis and expression of the male-specific minor transplantation antigen H-Y. Several genes have been mapped to this interval and each has a homologue on the X chromosome. Four, Zfy1 , Zfy2 , Ube1y and Dffry , are expressed specifically in the testis and their X homologues are not transcribed from the inactive X chromosome. A further two, Smcy and Uty , are ubiquitously expressed and their X homologues escape X-inactivation. Here we report the identification of another gene from this region of the mouse Y chromosome. It encodes the highly conserved eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF-2gamma. In the mouse this gene is ubiquitously expressed, has an X chromosome homologue which maps close to Dmd and escapes X-inactivation. The coding regions of the X and Y genes show 86% nucleotide identity and encode putative products with 98% amino acid identity. In humans, the eIF-2gamma structural gene is located on the X chromosome at Xp21 and this also escapes X-inactivation. However, there is no evidence of a Y copy of this gene in humans. We have identified autosomal retroposons of eIF-2gamma in both humans and mice and an additional retroposon on the X chromosome in some mouse strains. Ark blot analysis of eutherian and metatherian genomic DNA indicates that X-Y homologues are present in all species tested except simian primates and kangaroo and that retroposons are common to a wide range of mammals. These results shed light on the evolution of X-Y homologous genes.