gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitration of Unsaturated Steroids (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitration of Unsaturated SteroidsConstantine E. Anagnostopoulos and Louis F. FieserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 2, 532–536Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01631a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01631a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transcriptional Silencing of Geminiviral Promoter-Driven Transgenes Following Homologous Virus Infection (2003)

Promoters isolated from the Tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV) drive both constitutive and tissue-specific expression in transgenic tobacco. Following systemic TLCV infection of plants stably expressing TLCV promoter:GUS transgenes, transgene expression driven by all six TLCV promoters was silenced. Silencing in the TLCV coat protein promoter:GUS plants (V2:GUSdeltaC) was characterized in more detail. Transgene silencing observed in leaf, stem, and pre-anthesis floral tissue occurred with the continued replication of TLCV in host tissues. Infection of the V2:GUSdeltaC plants with heterologous geminiviruses did not result in transgene silencing, indicating that silencing was specifically associated with TLCV infection. Nuclear run-on assays indicated that silencing was due to the abolition of transcription from the V2:GUSdeltaC transgene. Bisulfite sequencing showed that silencing was associated with cytosine hypermethylation of the TLCV-derived promoter sequences of the V2:GUSdeltaC transgene. Progeny derived from V2:GUSdeltaC plants silenced by TLCV infection were analyzed. Transgene expression was silenced in progeny seedlings but was partially reactivated in the majority of plants by 75 days postgermination. Progeny seedlings treated with the nonmethylatable cytosine analog 5-azacytidine or the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate exhibited partial reactivation of expression. This is the first report of the hypermethylation of a virus-derived transgene associated with a DNA virus infection.
アーデルベルト・フォン・シャミッソーの世界旅行と旅行記--計画された新版のための序文 (1964)

A sample treatment technique based on a duel frequency ultrasonic device for enzymatic digestion of rice is reported. The ultrasonic device combines a high intensity ultrasonic probe and the temperature control function of ultrasonic water bath, which can effectively extract cadmium from rice within only 160 s under the optimized conditions. Compared with the traditional ultrasonic assisted enzymatic digestion, the new method not only shortens the time significantly (e.g., from the 90 min of ultrasonic water bath to the present few minutes), but also increases the extraction efficiency of cadmium (such as ~ 75% from ultrasonic probe to app. 100%). Through the optimization of ultrasonic mode, ultrasonic frequency, power and the type of enzyme, we found that enzyme played a dominant role in ultrasound assisted enzymatic digestion. Compared with a-amylase and pepsin, trypsin is more suitable for the extraction of cadmium from rice. Furthermore, ultrasound energy is beneficial to enzymatic hydrolysis of bimolecular, and this promotion is related to the frequency of ultrasound. The reliability of this method was evaluated by analyzing the content of cadmium in the certified reference materials (CRMs, GBW10045, GBW08510, GBW08511 and GBW08512) based on atomic fluorescence spectrometry combined with a modified chemical vapor generation. The proposed method has been applied satisfactorily in the determination of Cd in several rice samples.
Role of colonic cytochrome P-450 in large bowel carcinogenesis (1980)

Rat colon mucosa microsomes contain a competent mixed function oxidase system that hydroxylates the N-methyl drugs benzphetamine and ethylmorphine, the O-alkyl drugs p-nitroanisole and p-nitrophenetole and the polycyclic carcinogen benzo[alpha]pyrene. The colon system's hydroxylation activities can be selectively induced by pretreatment with phenobarbital or beta-naphthoflavone and can be selectively inhibited by SKF-525A or 7,8-benzoflavone. The colon microsomal system has been solubilized with the non-ionic detergent Renex 690 and resolved by column chromatography into its components cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P-450 reductase. Colon cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P-450 reductase can be recombined to reconstitute hydroxylation activity. The colon system is also able to activate carcinogens to mutagenic metabolites as demonstrated in the Ames test system. In addition, the activity of the colon system is markedly increased by pretreatment with gastrointestinal hormones.
Expression and functional analysis of a gene cluster involved in the synthesis of decaprenoxanthin reveals the mechanisms for C<sub>50</sub> carotenoid formation (2001)

Corynebacterium glutamicum accumulates the C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. Rescued DNA from transposon color mutants of this Gram-positive bacterium was used to clone the carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster. By sequence comparison and functional complementation, the genes involved in the synthesis of carotenoids with 50 carbon atoms were identified. The genes crtE, encoding a geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, crtB, encoding a phytoene synthase, and crtI, encoding a phytoene desaturase, are responsible for the formation of lycopene. The products of three novel genes, crtYe and crtYf, with sequence similarities to heterodimeric lycopene cyclase crtYc and crtYd, together with crtEb which exhibits a prenyl transferase motif, were involved in the conversion of C40 acyclic lycopene to cyclic C50 carotenoids. Using functional complementation in Escherichia coli, it could be shown that the elongation of lycopene to the acyclic C50 carotenoid flavuxanthin by the addition of C5 isoprenoid units at positions C-2 and C-2' is catalyzed by the crtEb gene product. Subsequently, the gene products of crtYe and crtYf in a concerted action convert the acyclic flavuxanthin into the cyclic C50 carotene, decaprenoxanthin, forming two epsilon-ionone groups. The mechanisms, involving two individual steps for the formation of cyclic C50 carotenoids from lycopene, are proposed on the basis of these results.
Fuzzy control of integrated current controlled converter-inverter fed cage induction motor drive (2002)

The paper presents the performance analysis of a vector controlled cage induction motor drive. The drive is fed from a current controlled converter-inverter system. The switching technique being used in the control of the converter as well as inverter is PWM current control. Closed loop control of the cage induction motor utilizes the fuzzy PID speed controller. Advantages offered by the current control converter-inverter link are exploited. In order to examine the dynamic performance of the drive system its model is simulated and results are analyzed. The potential applications of this particular drive system are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and development of a portable instrument for the detection of artificial ripening of banana fruit (2014)

Health is of great concern for everyone. Eating ripened fruits is a requirement for the good health. Ripening is the process by which fruits attain their desirable flavour, quality, colour, palatable nature and other textural properties. But majority of fruits available in the market are artificially ripened and it is not possible to get naturally ripened fruits. Varieties of chemicals are used to ripen the fruit artificially. Hence, there is an immediate requirement of a robust and precise device to detect artificially ripened fruits. We are proposing a design and development of such device to detect whether given banana is artificially or naturally ripened. It makes use of motor, banana holder for fruit rotation, camera, image processing unit and a display. The device consists of banana holder mechanism along with motor for its rotation as well as the inbuilt camera to capture the surface image of placed banana. Captured images are inputs to an image processing unit. The image is processed and compared with a standard image to display whether the fruit is artificially ripened or not.
Diels-Alder adducts of 1-benzenesulfonylindole-2-acrylates and 1-(alkoxycarbonyl)-1,2-dihydropyridines. Intermediates for synthesis of iboga alkaloid analogs (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiels-Alder adducts of 1-benzenesulfonylindole-2-acrylates and 1-(alkoxycarbonyl)-1,2-dihydropyridines. Intermediates for synthesis of iboga alkaloid analogsRichard J. Sundberg and Jonathan D. BloomCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 24, 4836–4842Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00337a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00337a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views751Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alkylaminonitrobenzenes by vicarious nucleophilic amination with 4-(alkylamino)-1,2,4-triazoles (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylaminonitrobenzenes by vicarious nucleophilic amination with 4-(alkylamino)-1,2,4-triazolesAlan R. Katritzky and Kathleen S. LaurenzoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 17, 3978–3982Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00252a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00252a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1247Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highpass and bandpass 2nd-order switched-capacitor filters (1983)

Highpass and bandpass switched-capacitor filters derived from Sallen and Key, and Bach's RC active highpass filters have been described. The bandpass filters have been shown to be realisable by simple modification of the highpass filters, using Laker's method of obtaining 1st-order lowpass filters from 1st-order highpass filters under certain input conditions. A single amplifier version of a recently described bandpass filter has also been discussed. All the realisations have been compared regarding the capacitor spread required to realise desired pole frequency and pole Q for given sampling frequency and optimised for minimal capacitor spread.
Atmospheric plasma jet array in parallel electric and gas flow fields for three-dimensional surface treatment (2009)

This letter reports on electrical and optical characteristics of a ten-channel atmospheric pressure glow discharge jet array in parallel electric and gas flow fields. Challenged with complex three-dimensional substrates including surgical tissue forceps and sloped plastic plate of up to 15°, the jet array is shown to achieve excellent jet-to-jet uniformity both in time and in space. Its spatial uniformity is four times better than a comparable single jet when both are used to treat a 15° sloped substrate. These benefits are likely from an effective self-adjustment mechanism among individual jets facilitated by individualized ballast and spatial redistribution of surface charges.
Evaluating a Bacterial Hypothesis in IBS Using a Modification of Koch's Postulates: Part 1 (2010)

It has recently been suggested that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms are due partly to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). This "SIBO hypothesis" has led to the use of antibiotics to treat IBS. Koch's postulates have long been used to establish bacteria as a cause of diseases such as tuberculosis. Because SIBO is not a single organism, we use modified Koch's postulates to argue for antibiotics and an SIBO hypothesis in the pathophysiology of IBS. We show that there is evidence for SIBO, that it is culturable, that antibiotic elimination of the bacteria improves subjects clinically, and that when the bacteria return, the symptoms return. On the basis of proof of a bacterial cause of IBS, antibiotics may be a good choice of therapy.
Drone Detection and Identification System using Artificial Intelligence (2018)

As drone attracts much interest, the drone industry has opened their market to ordinary people, making drones to be used in daily lives. However, as it got easier for drone to be used by more people, safety and security issues have raised as accidents are much more likely to happen: colliding into people by losing control or invading secured properties. For safety purposes, it is essential for observers and drone to be aware of an approaching drone. In this paper, we introduce a comprehensive drone detection system based on machine learning. This system is designed to be operable on drones with camera. Based on the camera images, the system deduces location on image and vendor model of drone based on machine classification. The system is actually built with OpenCV library. We collected drone imagery and information for learning process. The system's output shows about 89 percent accuracy.
Suppression of pituitary tumor growth and function by ergot alkaloids. (1973)

Summary The in vivo and in vitro effects of ergot derivatives on prolactin and growth hormone biosynthesis in the rat have been studied. Injection with 0.05 or 0.2 mg ergotamine tartrate had no effect on in vitro prolactin synthesis by the pituitary gland. Ergocornine and ergocryptine, however, inhibited both synthesis and release of prolactin. Incubation of glands with 4 or 40 µm ergotamine greatly decreased prolactin synthesis and release but had no effect on growth hormone. Ergocornine, 10 µm, and ergocryptine, 10 µm, almost completely blocked prolactin release and decreased synthesis and release of growth hormone as well. Daily administration of 0.05 mg ergotamine for 13 days to rats bearing the prolactin- and adrenocorticotropic hormonesecreting pituitary Tumor 7315a dramatically inhibited tumor growth and reversed the adrenal hypertrophy caused by the tumor adrenocorticotropic hormone. Ergotamine, ergocryptine, and ergocornine were all effective in suppressing the growth of pituitary tumors and reversed the splenohepatomegalia caused by growth hormone-secreting tumors. In addition, the ergots decreased the high circulating prolactin levels found in tumor-bearing animals. Ergotamine alone was able to overcome the atrophy of the pituitary glands of tumor-bearing animals and allow gland function to return toward normal. Ergocryptine and ergocornine tended further to suppress gland function. These data demonstrate that hormone synthesis and release by the pituitary gland and pituitary tumors can be inhibited by derivatives of the ergot alkaloids.
The Optimal Stimulation Site for Chronic Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease (2001)

To determine the optimal stimulation site within the subthalamic nucleus (STN), monopolar stimulation of four electrode contacts and the resulting effects on parkinsonian symptoms were evaluated in 10 consecutive patients. The UPDRS score for rigidity and akinesia improved significantly after stimulation at each of the contacts, compared to the pre-evaluation state (Fisher's test, p < 0.05). The most significant improvement was obtained after stimulation at contact-2 (rigidity: 74.4 +/- 20.4%, akinesia: 53.7 +/- 14.3%) (Fisher's test, p < 0.001). Contact-2 was located at the dorsal border of the STN at a mean distance of 0.3 +/- 0.7 mm. DBS at the dorsal border of the STN, where the stimulation affects the neurons as well as their axonal fibers, produces the greatest clinical improvement in parkinsonian symptoms.
Interfacial energy consideration in the organization of a quantum dot–lipid mixed system (2008)

We propose a theoretical model for a quantum dot (QD)–lipid mixed system based on a simple geometrical assumption for a single-component lipid (DOPC) monolayer deformation profile. In this system, there are two possible states: a quantum dot–liposome complex (QLC) state where QDs are incorporated into the lipid bilayer of the liposome, and a quantum dot–micelle complex (QMC) state where an individual QD is covered by a lipid monolayer. In this model, the elastic deformation energy of the QLC is smaller (larger) than that of the QMC for the QD size smaller (larger) than a certain critical size. Therefore, the QLC is a more stable state than the QMC for the QD size smaller than a certain critical size. The prediction shown in this model is very consistent with our recent experimental results. To our knowledge, this is the first theoretical model that predicts the size dependence of the stability of the QD in the lipid bilayer.
Simple Harmonic Motion (1993)

Having considered linear, circular and rotational motion, we now move on to vibrational motion, or oscillation, such as that of a pendulum, where an object is displaced from some central equilibrium position, then released so that it oscillates backwards and forwards about it. Such behaviour can often be described in terms of simple harmonic motion, which is characterised by an acceleration towards the equilibrium position that has a magnitude proportional to the displacement from it.KeywordsCentral PositionImpact VelocityMaximum DisplacementMaximum AccelerationExtreme PositionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preparation, Properties, and Chemical Reactivity of α-Nitrosulfoximines, Chiral Analogues of α-Nitrosulfones (2002)

Racemic N-methyl-S-(nitromethyl)-S-phenylsulfoximine (2) was prepared in 87% yield via alkaline nitration of N,S-dimethyl-S-phenylsulfoximine. Optically active N-methyl-S-(nitromethyl)-S-phenylsulfoximine (both enantiomers) was prepared in similar fashion. Reaction of racemic 2 with p-chlorophenyl isocyanate and a catalytic quantity of triethylamine in the presence of furan afforded dihydrofuroisoxazole 5, the product of nitrile oxide cycloaddition, in 42% yield (65:35 diastereomer ratio). Reaction of the dihydrofuroisoxazole 5 with phenyllithium and methyllithium afforded replacement of the sulfoximine group by phenyl and methyl, respectively. Reaction of racemic 2 with aromatic isocyanates and potassium carbonate afforded C-acylation products in 70-78% yield which existed as the ylide tautomers 9a,b. Methylation of racemic 2 afforded the C-alkylate N-methyl-S-(1-nitroethyl)-S-phenylsulfoximine (13), existing as the neutral tautomer.
Self-Antigens Displayed on Liposomal Nanoparticles above a Threshold of Epitope Density Elicit Class-Switched Autoreactive Antibodies Independent of T Cell Help (2019)

Epitope density has a profound impact on B cell responses to particulate Ags, the molecular mechanisms of which remain to be explored. To dissect the role of epitope density in this process, we have synthesized a series of liposomal particles, similar to the size of viruses, that display a model self-antigen peptide at defined surface densities. Immunization of C57BL/6J mice using these particles elicited both IgM and class-switched IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 autoreactive Abs that depended on the epitope density. In C57BL/6 gene knockout mice lacking either functional TCRs or MHC class II molecules on B cells, the liposomal particles also elicited IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 responses that were comparable in magnitudes to wild-type mice, suggesting that this B cell response was independent of cognate T cell help. Notably, the titer of the IgG in wild-type animals could be increased by more than 200-fold upon replacement of liposomes with bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles that displayed the same self-antigen peptide at comparable epitope densities. This enhancement was lost almost completely in gene knockout mice lacking either TCRs or MHC class II molecules on B cells. In conclusion, epitope density above a threshold on particulate Ags can serve as a stand-alone signal to trigger secretion of autoreactive and class-switched IgG in vivo in the absence of cognate T cell help or any adjuvants. The extraordinary immunogenicity of Qβ viral-like particles relies, in large part, on their ability to effectively recruit T cell help after B cell activation.
Reprogramming of Polycomb-Mediated Gene Silencing in Embryonic Stem Cells by the miR-290 Family and the Methyltransferase Ash1l (2015)

Members of the miR-290 family are the most abundantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). They regulate aspects of differentiation, pluripotency, and proliferation of ESCs, but the molecular program that they control has not been fully delineated. In the absence of Dicer, ESCs fail to express mature miR-290 miRNAs and have selective aberrant overexpression of Hoxa, Hoxb, Hoxc, and Hoxd genes essential for body plan patterning during embryogenesis, but they do not undergo a full differentiation program. Introduction of mature miR-291 into DCR(-/-) ESCs restores Hox gene silencing. This was attributed to the unexpected regulation of Polycomb-mediated gene targeting by miR-291. We identified the methyltransferase Ash1l as a pivotal target of miR-291 mediating this effect. Collectively, our data shed light on the role of Dicer in ESC homeostasis by revealing a facet of molecular regulation by the miR-290 family.