gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition and insecticidal properties of the underutilized Jatropha curcas seed oil (2006)

The chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Jatropha curcas L. seed were evaluated using standard techniques. The oil content of the seed is high (66.4%). Triacylglycenol was the dominant lipid species, while the major triacyglycerol was 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-linoleoyl-rac-glycerol. Linolenic acid was the dominant fatty acid in the oil. Physico-chemical properties of the oil indicated that the acid value, fee fatty acids, peroxide value and iodine value were high. Ten seterols and thirteen tritepene alcohol was identified in the unsaponifiable fraction of the oil. Jatropha seed oil at various serial dilution ranging from 0% to 2% (v/w) at 0.5% intervals were evaluated for anti-ovipositional activity and long-term protective ability of treated cowpeas against the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. The oil significantly (P l 0.05) reduced oviposition by C. maculatus in no-choice test in all the concentrations tested. The number of eggs laid by the seed beetle reduced from an average of 54. 33 +/- 3.53 in the control to only 4.00 +/- 1.53 in 2% oil-treated seeds. There was no adult emergency in all the oil. However in choice- tested seed, 6.67 +/- 1.33 eggs were laid in cultures treated with 2% oil while 21.67 +/- 1.45 were laid in control cultures. In dual-choice tests, oviposition was significantly reduced at all the oil concentration evaluated. J. Curcas oil also offers a 12-week protection for treated seeds since there were neither seed damage nor adult emergency in treated cowpea seeds. The results of this study suggest J. curcas has antioviposition and ovicidal effects on C. maculatus therefore making it a vaiable candidate for incorporation into pest control program of gain legumes.
Genetic analyses of male sterile lines induced by artificial mutation. (1986)

水稲品種ニホンマサリの種子を60Coγ線あるいはエチレイミンで処理して得た29の雄性不稔突然変異系統の雄性不稔性に関する遺伝的解析を行った.株分けによって栄養繁殖した系統の花粉の発育状態を観察した結果，葯内に花粉の認められない無花粉系統が最も多く，次いでヨード・ヨードカリで染まらたい不染色花粉系統が多く見られ，染色花粉系統は少なかった.雄性不稔株の穂に袋かけを行い自殖による結実状況を調べたところ，部分的に(3～14%)結実したのは3系統で，ほかの26系統はすべて完全不稔であった.一方，これらの突然変異系統の雄性不穏株に糯品種の花粉を授粉すると，すべての系統が正常に結実した.これらのことから，すべての突然変異系統が雄性不稔であることが確認できた.糯品種との交配によるF1植物は正常な自殖稔性を表わし，突然変異系統の雄性不稔性が完全劣性であることがわかった.次代のF2集団における稔性の分離を調べた.その結果，5集団を除く24集団で，3稔:1不稔の単遺伝子性分離によく適合した.この分離比に合わなかった5集団の中4集団では，不稔株が期待値より少ない傾向が見られた.突然変異系統のもつ雄性不稔遺伝子の異同を確かめるため，それぞれの系統と糯品種との交配によるF1植物の花粉を，ほかの系統の雄性不穏株に授粉して，次世代に現われる不穏株の分離を調べた.その結果，29系統中の2系統(MS15とMS29)は同一遺伝子座の遺伝子をもつことが明らかになった.すべての系統の間で総当り交配を完全に実施できなかったが，この研究で実施できた交配の範囲でも多くの突然変異系統がそれぞれ異たる雄性不稔遺伝子をもつ可能性が高いと見られた.
Cantilever Probe Integrated with Light-Emitting Diode, Waveguide, Aperture, and Photodiode for Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope (2000)

A microfabricated scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) probe integrated with a light-emitting diode, waveguide, aperture, and photodiode is described. This probe includes all optical elements necessary for SNOM on the Si cantilever. By using a-Si as the core layer and SiO 2 as the cladding layer, the process for fabricating the waveguide is compatible with that for fabricating the photodiode. The light is confirmed to transmit along the waveguide route with the large curvature. The obtained SNOM image shows a spatial resolution better than 200 nm.
Effect of type and level of dietary fibre and starch on ileal and faecal microbial activity and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in growing pigs (2004)

Abstract A repeated 4 ✕ 4 Latin square design was conducted with eight ileal cannulated castrated pigs to investigate the effect of source of dietary fibre and starch on ileal and faecal microflora and short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Four experimental diets based on cooked rice were supplied with one of two fibre-rich sources (sugar-beet pulp, S; wheat bran, W) and another two diets were prepared with (P) or without (C) potato starch. The experimental periods were 14 days, consisting of 7 days of adaptation to each diet, followed by 4 days of collection of ileal digesta and 3 days of collection of faeces. Ileal digesta were collected daily in a randomized order 0 (just before feeding the morning meal), 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after feeding the morning meal. Fresh faecal samples were also collected. Ileal pH was lower in pigs given diet P, 2 and 4 h after feeding, respectively. For all four diets ileal pH reached a minimum 4 h after feeding. Faecal pH was higher for diets P and W compared with diets C and S. The highest density of ileal coliform bacteria was found 4 h after feeding for all diets. Compared with other diets, the inclusion of potato starch resulted in an increased density of ileal enterococci at 0 h and an increased density of ileal lactic acid bacteria and lactobacilli, 2 and 6 h after feeding, respectively. The density of ileal enterococci reached a maximum 4 h after feeding for all diets. With the exception of 8 h after feeding, when a higher density of total anaerobes was observed for diet P, no significant differences were seen in the populations of yeasts and total anaerobes between the experimental diets. The concentration of formate in the ileum was high, while low concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate were observed for all diets. A lowered level of acetate was found for diet S on all sampling occasions. On a dry-matter basis, the counts of various faecal bacteria were increased by the inclusion of the fibre sources, and a higher level of faecal butyrate was found with the inclusion of potato starch or the fibre sources as compared with diet C, whereas no significant effects on the counts of various bacteria were observed with potato starch supplementation. Overall, the present results indicate that the addition of dietary fibre to pig diets resulted in an enhanced microbial fermentation.
Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the<i>Hinc</i>ll restriction-modification system (1990)

Two genes, coding for the HincII from Haemophilus influenzae Rc restriction-modification system, were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli RR1. Their DNA sequences were determined. The HincII methylase (M.HincII) gene was 1,506 base pairs (bp) long, corresponding to a protein of 502 amino acid residues (Mr = 55,330). The HincII endonuclease (R.HincII) gene was 774 bp long, corresponding to a protein of 258 amino acid residues (Mr = 28,490). The amino acid residues predicted from the R.HincII and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme found by analysis were identical. These methylase and endonuclease genes overlapped by 1 bp on the H. influenzae Rc chromosomal DNA. The clone, named E. coli RR1-Hinc, overproduced R.HincII. The R.HincII activity of this clone was 1,000-fold that from H. influenzae Rc. The amino acid sequence of M.HincII was compared with the sequences of four other adenine-specific type II methylases. Important homology was found between tne M.HincII and these other methylases.
A wearable robotic knee orthosis for gait training (2011)

All subjects improved balance, gait and functional performances with mean individual improvements of 12.6% for BBS, 12.0% for 6MWT and 16.7% for EFAP post-treatment. No adverse events occurred. These three stroke survivors may have benefited from the task-specific functional training programme augmented by RKO use.
<b>Characterization of the TAC box, a</b><i><b>cis</b></i><b>‐element within an elicitor‐inducible sesquiterpene cyclase promoter</b> (1998)

Summary The first unique step in the synthesis of the tobacco phytoalexin capsidiol is cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate catalyzed by 5‐epi‐aristolochene synthase (EAS), a sesquiterpene cyclase. Earlier work demonstrated that the elicitor‐inducibility of this enzyme activity corresponded to the transcriptional activation of at least one gene, EAS4 , of a rather complex gene family consisting of > 10 members. To investigate the mechanism(s) controlling expression of this gene, fragments of the EAS4 promoter were examined for binding by proteins in nuclear and whole‐cell extracts. A strong protein binding site (TAC box; ACTCTACAGTACTC) was identified between –245 and –232 by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and DNAase I and methylation interference footprinting. Several distinctly migrating bands representing protein–TAC box complexes were also observed in the mobility shift assays, and the relative abundance of these bands varied in extracts from cells at different stages of EAS induction. The TAC box binding factor (TacBBF) was purified > 450‐fold from crude whole‐cell extracts by a combination of DNA affinity and cation exchange chromatography. The purified fractions were enriched for polypeptides of 17 and 19 kDa and the DNA binding properties of these preparations were characterized. Mutation of 2 bp in the TAC box prevented protein binding in vitro and increased both basal and elicitor‐inducible gene expression 2.5‐fold in transgenic tobacco plants harboring promoter–GUS fusions, consistent with the notion that this cis ‐element functions as a silencer or repressor of EAS gene expression.
From haystack to needle: finding value with DNA encoded library technology at GSK (2016)

Innovation incubation: DNA encoded library technology (ELT) was invented in academia and biotech, but came of age in a big pharma environment.
Further observations on the mean velocity distribution in fully developed pipe flow (2004)

The measurements by Zagarola & Smits (1998) of mean velocity profiles in fully developed turbulent pipe flow are repeated using a smaller Pitot probe to reduce the uncertainties due to velocity gradient corrections. A new static pressure correction (McKeon & Smits 2002) is used in analysing all data and leads to significant differences from the Zagarola & Smits conclusions. The results confirm the presence of a power-law region near the wall and, for Reynolds numbers greater than $230\,{\times}\,10^3$ ( $R^+\,{>}\,5\,{\times}\,10^3$ ), a logarithmic region further out, but the limits of these regions and some of the constants differ from those reported by Zagarola & Smits. In particular, the log law is found for $600\,{<}\, y^+\,{<}\,0.12R^+$ (instead of $600\,{<}\,y^+\,{<}\,0.07R^+$ ), and the von Kármán constant $\kappa$ , the additive constant $B$ for the log law using inner flow scaling, and the additive constant $B^*$ for the log law using outer scaling are found to be $0.421 \pm 0.002$ , $5.60 \pm 0.08 $ and $1.20 \pm 0.10$ , respectively, with 95% confidence level (compared with $0.436 \pm 0.002$ , $6.15 \pm 0.08$ , and $1.51 \pm 0.03$ found by Zagarola & Smits). The data also confirm that the pipe flow data for Re $_D\,{\le}\,13.6\,{\times}\,10^6$ (as a minimum) are not affected by surface roughness.
A Complex Adaptive Systems-Based Enterprise Knowledge Sharing Model (2011)

This paper describes a complex adaptive systems (CAS)-based enterprise knowledge-sharing (KnS) model. The CAS-based enterprise KnS model consists of a CAS-based KnS framework and a multi-agent simulation model. Enterprise knowledge sharing is modeled as the emergent behavior of knowledge workers interacting with the KnS environment and other knowledge workers. The CAS-based enterprise KnS model is developed to aid knowledge management (KM) leadership and other KnS researchers in gaining an enhanced understanding of KnS behavior and its influences. A premise of this research is that a better understanding of KnS influences can result in enhanced decision-making of KnS interventions that can result in improvements in KnS behavior.
Synergistic Antibacterial Effect between Silibinin and Antibiotics in Oral Bacteria (2011)

Silibinin is a composition of the silymarin group as a hepatoprotective agent, and it exhibits various biological activities, including antibacterial activity. In this study, the antibacterial activities of silibinin were investigated in combination with two antimicrobial agents against oral bacteria. Silibinin was determined with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.1 to 3.2 and 0.2 to 6.4 μg/mL, ampicillin from 0.125 to 64 and 0.5 to 64 μg/mL, gentamicin from 2 to 256 and 4 to 512 μg/mL, respectively. The ranges of MIC(50) and MIC(90) were 0.025-0.8 μg/mL and 0.1-3.2 μg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activities of silibinin against oral bacteria were assessed using the checkerboard and time-kill methods to evaluate the synergistic effects of treatment with ampicillin or gentamicin. The results were evaluated showing that the combination effects of silibinin with antibiotics were synergistic (FIC index <0.5) against all tested oral bacteria. Furthermore, a time-kill study showed that the growth of the tested bacteria was completely attenuated after 2-6 h of treatment with the MBC of silibinin, regardless of whether it was administered alone or with ampicillin or gentamicin. These results suggest that silibinin combined with other antibiotics may be microbiologically beneficial and not antagonistic.
Glipizide-GITS Does Not Increase the Hypoglycemic Effect of Mild Exercise During Fasting in NIDDM (1997)

Chronic use of extended-release glipizide does not enhance the hypoglycemic effect of fasting plus mild exercise for people with NIDDM. Routine lifestyle treatments for NIDDM may be continued during ongoing use of this agent.
Circadian Clock Feedback Cycle Through NAMPT-Mediated NAD <sup>+</sup> Biosynthesis (2009)

The circadian clock is encoded by a transcription-translation feedback loop that synchronizes behavior and metabolism with the light-dark cycle. Here we report that both the rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), and levels of NAD+ display circadian oscillations that are regulated by the core clock machinery in mice. Inhibition of NAMPT promotes oscillation of the clock gene Per2 by releasing CLOCK:BMAL1 from suppression by SIRT1. In turn, the circadian transcription factor CLOCK binds to and up-regulates Nampt, thus completing a feedback loop involving NAMPT/NAD+ and SIRT1/CLOCK:BMAL1.
Effects of a Component of Green Tea on the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1995)

The effects of a component of green tea on the proliferation of smooth muscle cells were measured in terms of [3H]thymidine uptake. When green tea tannin mixture was added to the medium of cultured smooth muscle cells, it suppressed the proliferation of the cells dose-dependently. Similarly to the effects of the green tea tannin mixture, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, its main ingredient, had an inhibitory effect on smooth muscle cell proliferation at a low concentration. (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate was also an effective component. Among four types of gallate-free tannin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin, and (+)-catechin showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation. However, caffeine and theanine were found to have no such action.
Content-Based Image Retrieval by Feature Adaptation and Relevance Feedback (2007)

The paper proposes an adaptive retrieval approach based on the concept of relevance-feedback, which establishes a link between high-level concepts and low-level features, using the user's feedback not only to assign proper weights to the features, but also to dynamically select them within a large collection of parameters. The target is to identify a set of relevant features according to a user query while at the same time maintaining a small sized feature vector to attain better matching and lower complexity. To this end, the image description is modified during each retrieval by removing the least significant features and better specifying the most significant ones. The feature adaptation is based on a hierarchical approach. The weights are then adjusted based on previously retrieved relevant and irrelevant images without further user-feedback. The algorithm is not fixed to a given feature set. It can be used with different hierarchical feature sets, provided that the hierarchical structure is defined a priori. Results achieved on different image databases and two completely different feature sets show that the proposed algorithm outperforms previously proposed methods. Further, it is experimentally demonstrated that it approaches the results obtained by state-of-the-art feature-selection techniques having complete knowledge of the data set.
Genetically related <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains associated with Crohn's disease (2001)

Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) with chronic ileal lesions (n=14), early endoscopic recurrent lesions (n=20), without endoscopic recurrence (n=7), and controls (n=21) were compared by ribotyping. The dendrogram generated by 50 ribotype profile analysis revealed a large cluster of genetically linked E coli strains isolated significantly more frequently from patients with chronic and recurrent CD (24/33 patients) than from controls (9/21) (p<0.05). Most patients operated on for chronic ileal lesions (78.5%) harboured E coli strains belonging to cluster A (p<0.002 v controls). The prevalence of patients with early recurrent lesions harbouring E coli strains belonging to this cluster was high but not significant, although 16 strains isolated from eight patients presented the same ribotype profile. In this cluster, 21 of 26 strains isolated from patients with active CD demonstrated adherent ability to differentiated Caco-2 cells, indicating that most of the genetically related strains share a common virulence trait. Comparison of E coli strains recovered from ulcerated and healthy mucosa of patients operated on for CD demonstrated in each patient that a single strain colonised the intestinal mucosa. Our results suggest that although a single E coli isolate was not found in Crohn's ileal mucosa, some genotypes were more likely than others to be associated with chronic or early recurrent ileal lesions.
Gene Therapy for Pancreatic Carcinoma: Local and Distant Antitumor Effects after Somatostatin Receptor sst2 Gene Transfer (1999)

Human pancreatic adenocarcinomas lose the ability to express sst2, the somatostatin receptor, which mediates the antiproliferative effect of somatostatin. Reintroducing sst2 into human pancreatic cancer cells by stable expression evokes an autocrine negative feedback loop leading to a constitutive activation of the sst2 gene and an inhibition of cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. In vivo studies have been conducted in athymic mice to investigate the antitumor bystander effects resulting from the transfer of the sst2 gene into human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3. In mixing experiments, a local bystander effect was observed: mixed tumors containing a ratio of sst2-expressing cells to control cells of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 grew with a time delay of 31, 44, and 50 days, respectively, when compared with control tumors derived from control cells. Tumors containing 100% sst2-expressing cells remained quiescent for up to 80 days. A significant increase in apoptosis and a decrease in the Ki67 index were detected in mixed and sst2 tumor when compared with control tumors. In combined experiments, mice were separately xenografted with control cells on one flank and with sst2-expressing cells on the other flank. A distant antitumor effect was induced: growth of control tumors was delayed by 33 days, the Ki67 index decreased significantly, and apoptosis increased when compared with control tumors that grew alone. The distant bystander effect may be explained in part by a significant increase in serum somatostatin-like immunoreactivity levels resulting from the autocrine feedback loop produced by sst2-expressing cells and inducing an upregulation of the type 1 somatostatin receptor, sst1, which also mediates the antiproliferative effect of somatostatin. In conclusion, the local and distant antitumor bystander effects obtained in this experimental model suggest that sst2 gene transfer may represent a new therapy for pancreatic cancer.
Radar ornithology and the conservation of migratory birds (2005)

It is possible to study with surveillance radar the movements of migrating birds in the atmosphere at different spatial scales. At a spatial scale within a range of 6 kilometers, high-resolution, 3-centimeter wavelength surveillance radar (e.g. BIRDRAD) can detect the departure of migrants from different types of habitat within a few kilometers of the radar. The radar operator can also sample the flight speeds of targets in an attempt to classify birds by their velocity. At a larger spatial scale (10-60 kilometers), Doppler weather surveillance radar (WSR-88D) can be used to measure the density of birds in the radar beam as they begin a migratory movement (exodus) within 60 kilometers of the radar. Within minutes of the onset of nocturnal migration, the distribution and density of echoes in the radar beam can provide information on the geographical sources of migrants on the ground (migration stopover areas), and satellite imagery can be used to identify the topography and habitat type that characterizes these areas. At a continental scale, the national network of WSR-88D radars can be used to monitor bird migration over the United States on an hourly basis at different altitudes dependent on distance from the radar. The latter achievement is significant because it provides a means of monitoring the season-to-season and year-to-year variation in the patterns of migration at different altitudes for different geographical regions and the nation as a whole.
Internet newsletters (2004)

The problem of spam on the Internet is discussed with reviews, under three headings, of means of combating it.
Delivery of propellant soluble drug from a metered dose inhaler. (1991)

The deposition of particulate suspensions delivered from a metered dose inhaler has been investigated extensively. The distribution of propellant, delivered from a metered dose inhaler, was studied by radiolabelling it with technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime. Andersen sampler measurements indicated that half of the dose was associated with particles in the size range 0.5-5 microns diameter. The preparation was administered to healthy subjects by inhalation and deposition was monitored with a gamma camera. Each lung image was divided into an inner, mid, and peripheral zone. The effects on deposition of varying the size of the delivery orifice (0.46, 0.61, and 0.76 mm internal diameters) and the effect of attaching a spacer were assessed. Lung deposition was independent of the orifice size within the actuator. Without the spacer the average dose deposited in the lungs was 39%, with 15% penetrating into the peripheral part of the lungs. Attachment of the spacer to the mouth-piece increased the mean lung deposition to 57% and reduced oropharyngeal deposition. The study has shown that propellant soluble drugs can be delivered efficiently to the lungs from a metered dose inhaler.
Threshold dosages for damage to mammalian liver by high intensity focused ultrasound (1988)

The threshold dosages for high-intensity focal lesion production were determined at 3 MHz in the cat liver for exposure durations covering the range 0.003-35 s. The liver threshold was found to parallel that for the brain over the range of exposure durations 0.1 to 10 s, but to be more than twice the intensity level, approximately following the relation IT(0.5)=460 W-cm(2)/s(2), where I is the peak intensity and T is the exposure duration. At shorter exposure durations the threshold curve deviates from this relation, probably due to a change to a transient cavitation mechanism of damage.
Location of the human posterior eye field with functional magnetic resonance imaging. (1996)

The frontal eye field and parietal eye field are known to be involved during visually guided saccades. As the location of the human parietal eye field is not yet well known, functional MRI was used during such a saccade task to better localise this field. Besides activity in visual areas of the occipital cortex, bilateral activity was seen in the precentral sulcus, corresponding to the frontal eye field, and in the deep region of the intraparietal sulcus. It is suggested that this intraparietal area, bordering areas 39 and 40 of Brodmann, corresponds to the human parietal eye field.