gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nociceptin receptor coupling to a potassium conductance in rat locus coeruleus neurones <i>in vitro</i> (1996)

1. In this study we have examined the effects of nociceptin, an endogenous ligand for the opioid-like receptor ORL1 on the membrane properties of rat locus coeruleus (LC) neurones in vitro, using intracellular and whole cell patch clamp recording. 2. When locus coeruleus neurones were voltage clamped to -60 mV, application to nociceptin caused an outward current in all cells examined (n = 49), with an EC50 of 90 nM. Neither the potency nor the maximal effect of nociceptin was altered in the presence of the peptidase inhibitors, bestatin (20 microM) or thiorphan (2 microM). 3. The outward currents caused by nociceptin in 2.5 mM extracellular K+ reversed polarity at -123 mV, more negative than the predicted K+ reversal potential of -105 mV. Increasing extracellular K+ to 6.5 mM resulted in a shift of the reversal potential of +25 mV, a shift consistent with a K+ conductance. The conductance activated by nociceptin showed mild inward rectification. 4. Application of a high concentration of nociceptin (3 microM) occluded the current produced by simultaneous application of high concentrations of Met-enkephalin (10 microM), (3 microM) somatostatin and UK 14304 (3 microM), indicating that nociceptin activated the same conductance as mu-opioid and somatostatin receptors and alpha 2-adrenoceptors. 5. The actions of nociceptin were weakly antagonized by the opioid antagonist, naloxone, with pKb's estimated from 2 cells of -4.23 and -4.33. The mu-opioid antagonist, CTAP (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Pen-Thr-NH2, 1 microM), the opioid antagonist, nalorphine (30 microM) or the somatostatin antagonist, CPP (cyclo(7-aminoheptanoyl-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr[Bz1]) 3 microM) did not affect the nociceptin-induced current. 6. Dynorphin A (microM), another putative endogenous ligand for ORL1, caused a robust outward current in locus coeruleus neurones that was, however, completely antagonized by moderate concentrations of naloxone (300 nM-1 microM). 7. Continuous application of nociceptin (3 microM) resulted in a decrease of the outward current to a steady level of 70% of the maximum response with a t1/2 of 120s. Desensitization was largely homologous because simultaneous application of Met-enkephalin (30 microM) during the desensitized period of the nociceptin response resulted in an outward current that was 92% of control responses to Met-enkephalin in the same cells. Conversely, continuous application of Met-enkephalin (30 microM) resulted in a decrease of Met-enkephalin current to a steady level that was 54% of the initial current. During this desensitized period application of nociceptin (3 microM) resulted in a current that was 78% of the control responses to nociceptin in the same cells. 8. Thus nociceptin potently activates an inwardly rectifying K+ conductance in locus coeruleus neurones, with a pharmacological profile consistent with activation of the ORL1 receptor. Dynorphin A does not appear to be a ligand for ORL1 in rat locus coeruleus neurones.
Fine Structure of Sugarcane (<i>Saccharum</i> sp.) Callus and the Role of Auxin in Embryogenesis<sup>1</sup> (1978)

Histological examination of callus of sugarcane cultivar H50‐7209 ( Saccharum sp. hybrid) revealed all stages of embryoid development when the callus was cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3.0 mg 2,4‐D/liter. It is suggested that the process of dedifferentiation and embryogenic‐cell initiation required relatively high auxin concentrations. Lower auxin concentrations may be required for advanced embryogenesis stages. Plantlet differentiation occurred only in the absence of auxin. Callus on auxin‐free medium showed no dedifferentiation or embryogenesis. We suspect that the origin of the individual sugarcaue plants in this study is from single cells. If so, mutant induction and selection could yield true mutant plants.
Ability of interleukin-4 to elicit an immunoreaction against a murine tumor. (1990)

A T cell-derived lymphokine, IL-4, has been shown to have activating and growth promoting properties on macrophages, T cells and B cells. IL-4 could thus be used to augment immunoreactivity in the treatment of tumors. To evaluate its ability to promote an immune reaction capable of hampering tumor growth, we injected mice with small amounts of recombinant IL-4 perilymphatically daily for ten days near the challenge site of a poorly immunogenic syngenic fibrosarcoma (CE-2). These low doses activated such a strong immune reaction that incipient syngenic tumors were rejected. Our results suggest that the host immune system plays a fundamental role in this IL-4 dependent lymphokine-activated tumor inhibition (LATI).
Noise reduction in 3D perfusion imaging by attenuating the static signal in arterial spin tagging (ASSIST) (2000)

Phase-encoded multishot SPIRAL approaches were used to acquire true 3D cerebral blood flow images of the human head using arterial spin tagging approaches. Multiple-inversion background suppression techniques, which suppress phase noise due to interacquisition fluctuations in the static magnetic field, reduced the temporal standard deviation of true 3D delta M images acquired using arterial spin tagging approaches by approximately 50%. Background suppressed arterial spin tagging (ASSIST) approaches were used to obtain high-resolution isotropic true 3D cerebral blood flow images, and to obtain true 3D activation images during cognitive (working memory) tasks. Magn Reson Med 44:92-100, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
MMSE-Based MIMO Cooperative Relaying Systems: Closed-Form Designs and Outage Behavior (2012)

In this paper, we investigate minimum mean squared error (MMSE) based amplify-and-forward cooperative multiple antenna relaying systems where a non-negligible direct link exists between the source and the destination. First, we provide a new design strategy for optimizing the relay amplifying matrix. Instead of conventional optimal design approaches resorting to an iterative gradient method, we propose a near optimal closed-form solution which provides an insight. As relay systems with a direct link incur a non-convex problem in general, we exploit the decomposable property of the error covariance matrix and a relaxation technique imposing a structural constraint on the problem. Next, we study the error performance limit of the proposed scheme using diversity-multiplexing tradeoff analysis, which leads to several interesting observations on MMSE-based cooperative relaying systems. Finally, through numerical simulations, we confirm that the proposed solution shows the performance very close to the optimum with much reduced complexity and the analysis closely matches with simulation results.
An Effective Method and Device for Eye Detection with Physical Properties (2013)

Accurate detection of eyes plays an important role in human-machine interfaces. In this paper, according to some physical characteristics, a new designed device for the new real-time and effective eye detection method is proposed. In this device, two physical characteristics are applied, they are the Red-eye effect and the 850-property observed in the experiments. The detecting approach includes four steps, pretreating, matching by SURF (Speeded Up Robust Features), finding the difference and getting the points of the eyes. After these four steps, the positions of the eyes are obtained, and whether eye exists in the picture or not could also be judged. To speed up the detection, the matching parameters are recorded and adjusted periodically.
REACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE WITH EPOXIDES IN THE PRESENCE OF PENTAVALENT ORGANOANTIMONY COMPOUNDS (1979)

Abstract The reaction of carbon dioxide(CO2) with epoxides in the presence of pentavalent organoantimony compounds gave corresponding cyclic carbonates as a product in almost quantitative yields even under mild conditions.
Precision measurements of the lifetime of a single trapped ion with a nonlinear electro-optic switch (1994)

A time-correlated single-photon counting method is used to measure the spontaneous emission lifetime of a single trapped barium ion, yielding a standard deviation of 0.5% for 8 min of integration time. The statistical power of this one-atom technique is comparable with that of other methods that use a macroscopic sample, but the technique has potentially lower systematic errors. The method depends on the use of an electro-optic phase modulator as an Nth-order nonlinear switch, which improves the response time by a factor of N and the on–off ratio by the Nth power.
EdVidParse : detecting people and content in educational videos (2015)

Thesis: M. Eng. in Computer Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.
Novel online security system based on rare-earth-doped glass microbeads (2004)

A novel fluorescent security label has been produced that could replace numerous conventional fluorescent dyes in document security. This label utilizes rare earth ions doped in a borosilicate glass matrix to produce sharp spectral fluorescence peaks with characteristic long lifetimes due to the rare earth ions. These are subsequently detected by an online detection system based on fluorescence and the long lifetimes to avoid any interference from other fluorophores present in the background. Security is further enhanced by the interaction of the rare earth ions with each other and the effect of the host on the emission spectra and therefore the number of permutations that could be produced. This creates a very secure label with various applications for the security market.
Basic biochemistry of cell surface carbohydrates and aspects of the tissue distribution of histo-blood group ABH and related glycosphingolipids. (1992)

Cell surface carbohydrates may be protein- or lipid-linked. The structural polymorphism of the oligosaccharide chains is extensive due to variations in monosaccharide composition, carbohydrate sequence, branching, linkage position and linkage anomericity. Blood group ABH and related glycosphingolipids show a remarkable tissue-specific expression with possible implications in areas such as transfusion medicine, transplantation surgery and oncology. This communication gives a condensed description of the present knowledge of the tissue-specific distribution of histo-blood glycolipids in humans.
U.S. v. University Hospital, State Univ. of New York. (1983)

The defendant hospital was the setting for treatment of an infant suffering from spina bifida, hydrocephalus, and other serious defects. After the infant's parents opted for a conservative form of treatment rather than surgery, the federal government, in response to a complaint, launched an investigation to determine if the hospital's failure to treat the infant surgically constituted discrimination against a handicapped person in violation of the federal Rehabilitation Act. After the defendant refused to disclose the infant's medical records, the government brought this action in a New York federal district court. Besides ordering release of the records, the court held that the hospital had not violated the Rehabilitation Act. The court reasoned that the absence of parental consent rather than discrimination accounted for why the hospital did not perform the surgery. Moreover, the parents' decision to refuse consent was reasonable in light of the available medical options.
The application of combustion principles to domestic gas burner design (1989)

Combustion fundamentals and gas properties non-aerated burners partially aerated burners fully aerated burners future domestic burners burners in appliances burner controls.
Benzyladenine as A Chemical Thinner for `McIntosh' Apples. I. Fruit Thinning Effect1s and Associated Relationships with Photosynthesis, Assimilate Translocation, and Nonstructural Carbohydrates (2000)

BA was applied at 50 or 100 mg·L -1 to `More-Spur McIntosh'/Malling 7 (M.7) apple trees [ Malus sylvestris ( L. ) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] at the 10 mm stage of fruit development. BA thinned fruit and increased fruit size. There were two distinguishable peaks of fruit abscission during `June drop'. BA accentuated the naturally occurring waves of fruit abscission, and enhanced translocation of 14 C-sorbitol from leaves to fruit when applied directly to the fruit, but not when applied directly to the leaves. Net photosynthesis was decreased and dark respiration was increased when temperature following BA application was high (30 °C), whereas there was no effect when temperature was lower (20 °C). Total nonstructural carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, and starch in the leaves decreased dramatically over the 12- or 13-day observation period, regardless of BA treatment. These carbohydrate concentrations in the leaves were lowered further by BA application. Abscising fruit, based on specific reddening of the pedicel, had higher carbohydrate levels than persisting fruit, regardless of BA application. We conclude that BA thins fruit, at least in part, by increasing dark respiration and decreasing net photosynthesis. Chemical name used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine [benzyladenine (BA)].
The organophosphate-degrading enzyme from <i>Agrobacterium radiobacter</i> displays mechanistic flexibility for catalysis (2010)

The OP (organophosphate)-degrading enzyme from Agrobacterium radiobacter (OpdA) is a binuclear metallohydrolase able to degrade highly toxic OP pesticides and nerve agents into less or non-toxic compounds. In the present study, the effect of metal ion substitutions and site-directed mutations on the catalytic properties of OpdA are investigated. The study shows the importance of both the metal ion composition and a hydrogen-bond network that connects the metal ion centre with the substrate-binding pocket using residues Arg254 and Tyr257 in the mechanism and substrate specificity of this enzyme. For the Co(II) derivative of OpdA two protonation equilibria (pKa1 ~5; pKa2 ~10) have been identified as relevant for catalysis, and a terminal hydroxide acts as the likely hydrolysis-initiating nucleophile. In contrast, the Zn(II) and Cd(II) derivatives only have one relevant protonation equilibrium (pKa ~4-5), and the μOH is the proposed nucleophile. The observed mechanistic flexibility may reconcile contrasting reaction models that have been published previously and may be beneficial for the rapid adaptation of OP-degrading enzymes to changing environmental pressures.
Effect of deacetylation conditions on antimicrobial activity of chitosans prepared from carapace of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) (2008)

Chitosan was prepared from black tiger shrimp carapace by deacetylation process performed in 50% NaOH at 100oC under vacuum, nitrogen and regular atmospheres. Each condition was maintained for 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 h. Chitosan obtained from 1.0 h of deacetylation under regular atmosphere showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 625 ppm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while Candida albicans was inhibited at MIC value of 312.5 ppm due to its higher degree of deacetylation (% DD) and lower molecular weight (MW) compared to chitosan deacetylated under vacuum and nitrogen atmospheres. Chitosan hydrolysates obtained from both chemical (H2O2 in the presence of ferricions) and enzymatic (lysozyme) hydrolysis were not as inhibitory as the native one, except that from chemical hydrolysis, which showed the elevation of the antifungal activity against C. albicans when longer hydrolysis was performed. However, antibacterial activity against E. coli decreased when the MW of hydrolyzed chitosan decreased.
Anti-counterfeit ownership transfer protocol for low cost RFID system (2008)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a new technology. In recent years, it is convenient and feasible in many applications. However, it also addresses many security issues which are worth discussing. The Counterfeit imposes a menace to industry worldwide, and the problem is not specific for certain products or countries. In 2003, Koh et al. describe a RFID system based on track and trace solution to apply into pharmaceutical supply chain management to fight the counterfeit. Moreover, there are applications to solve malicious manner were presented. But there always still existed some disputes and not conform Class 1 Generation 2 (C1G2) standards. Unfortunately, the trick is changeable. The Koh et al.'s scheme is at premise rather primitive. In order to tackle this problem, we propose an anti-counterfeit ownership transfer protocol for low cost RFID system. We only use a tag to be a storage media. The proposed scheme can ensure a secure transaction.
Effects of Ambient Gases on Surface Profile and Related Properties of Amorphous Alloy Ribbons Fabricated by Melt-Spinning (1980)

This report describes the surface profile, magnetic properties and thermal stability of amorphous Fe 78 Si 10 B 12 ribbons fabricated by melt-spinning using a copper roll in vacuum, He, Ar, N 2 and air. Ribbons fabricated in Ar, N 2 or air have surface profiles with long deep scratches due to gas bubbles injected along the melt-roll interface, while the scratches on the surface profiles of ribbons fabricated in He or vacuum are greatly reduced in a number and size. The different characteristics of the surface profiles are associated with improvements in the magnetic and thermal properties of the ribbons fabricated in He or vacuum.
<i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i>: the aetiological agent of urethritis and other sexually transmitted diseases (2003)

Mycoplasma genitalium was first isolated in 1980 from two of 13 men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). It shares several features with M. pneumoniae, a recognized respiratory tract pathogen. It is extremely difficult to isolate by culture. The development of sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays in the early 1990s made clinical studies possible and a significant number of publications have shown a strong association between M. genitalium and NGU, independent of Chlamydia trachomatis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the currently available information on the associations between M. genitalium and urogenital tract infections in men and women and assess their fulfilment of the Henle-Koch postulates. It is concluded that there is very strong evidence that M. genitalium is a cause of NGU in men and cervicitis in women. Evidence for upper genital tract infections in women has begun to accrue, but further studies are needed. The optimal treatment of M. genitalium infections remains to be determined, but antibiotics of the macrolide group appear to be more active than tetracyclines.
Effects of Heat Treatment and Irradiation on Lipid Hydrolysis and Oxidation of Rice Bran (1996)

Rice bran, treated with heat or , was stored at and room temperature to determine its lipid stability by monitoring the changes in moisture, free fatty acids (FFA) and peroxide value (POV). Initial moisture content of rice bran was 14% and decreased with time. The higher storage temperature, the more moisture loss. The moisture content became 9% after 80 days of storage at . The initial FFA of rice bran was 2.5% which increased with time except the samples stored at . The higher storage temperature, the more FFA was produced, by 9 times the initial FAA after 80 days of storage at . POV increased about twice the initial value after 80 days of storage at , and room temperature, and 5 times at . Rice bran was treated with heat at and stored for 2 weeks at : The higher the heat treatment temperature and the longer the heat treatment time, the more moisture was lost. The not show any significant changes. Irradiation at and subsequent storage for 4 weeks at caused negligible changes in moisture content. The FFA contents of rice bran irradiated up to 10 kGy were almost similar to these of nonirradiated one when measured just after irradiation. The samples irradiated at 30 kGy were 1.5 times higher in the FFA contents than nonirradiated ones. But there was little influence of irradiation doses on the FFA contents during storage. Irradiation caused the increase in POV of rice bran. resulting in 4 times increase in case of 30 kGy irradiated sample. During the storage, however, the POV of irradiated rice bran decreased significantly.
ADULT VAGINITIS (1981)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
Chromanone-A Prerogative Therapeutic Scaffold: An Overview (2021)

Chromanone or Chroman-4-one is the most important and interesting heterobicyclic compound and acts as a building block in medicinal chemistry for isolation, designing and synthesis of novel lead compounds. Structurally, absence of a double bond in chromanone between C-2 and C-3 shows a minor difference from chromone but exhibits significant variations in biological activities. In the present review, various studies published on synthesis, pharmacological evaluation on chroman-4-one analogues are addressed to signify the importance of chromanone as a versatile scaffold exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological activities. But, due to poor yield in the case of chemical synthesis and expensive isolation procedure from natural compounds, more studies are required to provide the most effective and cost-effective methods to synthesize novel chromanone analogs to give leads to chemistry community. Considering the versatility of chromanone, this review is designed to impart comprehensive, critical and authoritative information about chromanone template in drug designing and development.
Association of the human type C retrovirus with a subset of adult T-cell cancers. (1983)

To determine whether the human T-cell lymphoma-leukemia virus (HTLV) is associated with particular cancers, patient sera were surveyed for HTLV-specific antibodies. An association was seen with aggressive cancers of mature T-cells, specifically Japanese adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and T-cell lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (TLCL), a similar cancer of Caribbean blacks. Ninety to 100% of these patients possessed HTLV-specific antibody. Forty-seven and 20% of relatives of ATL and TLCL patients, respectively, and 12 and 4% of healthy donors from ATL and TLCL endemic areas were also antibody positive. Visceral organ involvement, hypercalcemia, and skin manifestation, features of ATL and TLCL, were often seen in other antibody-positive patients. Childhood cancers, most cutaneous T-cell and all non-T-cell leukemias and lymphomas, myeloid leukemias, Hodgkin's disease, and solid tumors were not associated with HTLV. Healthy United States donors and European patients with non-malignant diseases were antibody negative. HTLV is thus associated with a subtype of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, clustered in viral endemic areas, with apparent racial and geographic predilection.
Electrical and chemical characterization of <i>a</i>-<i>C</i>:H prepared by rf glow discharge (1990)

Presented are the results of a systematic study of the effects of reactor pressure and rf power level on the electrical and chemical characteristics of a-C:H films prepared by glow discharge. Electrical resistivity has been found to increase rapidly with decreasing reactor pressure. This increase in electrical resistivity corresponded to an increase in the sp3 bonding content of the film. This composition change has been attributed to increased ion bombardment energy and greater time for adatom surface migration. Electrical resistivity decreased with rf power level. The sp2 bonding content of the film decreased while the sp3 bonding content increased with rf power level. The resistivity change and corresponding composition change could not be explained with the present model.