gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diode pumped NYAB green laser. (1989)

A new diode-pumped green laser has been demonstrated. A NYAB (Ndχ y1-χ Al3 (B03) 4), self-fre quency-doubling Laser crystal of type I, was pumped by a broad area laser diode. The threshold pumping power is 4.7 mW. We obtained cw green laser output up to 16 mW (0.531 μm) with a conversion efficiency of 4.4%.
Model for Surface Diffusion of Adsorbed Gas in Nanopores of Shale Gas Reservoirs (2015)

Surface diffusion plays a key role in gas mass transfer due to the majority of adsorbed gas within abundant nanopores of organic matter in shale gas reservoirs. Surface diffusion simulation is very complex as a result of high reservoir pressure, surface heterogeneity, and nonisothermal desorption in shale gas reservoirs. In this paper, a new model of surface diffusion for adsorbed gas in shale gas reservoirs is established, which is based on a Hwang model derived under a low pressure condition and considers the effect of adsorbed gas coverage under high pressure. Additionally, this new model considers the effects of surface heterogeneity, isosteric sorption heat, and nonisothermal gas desorption. Results show that (1) the surface diffusion coefficient increases with pressure and temperature, while it decreases with activation energy and gas molecular weight; (2) contributions of viscous flow, Knudsen diffusion, and surface diffusion to the total gas mass transfer are varying during the development of shale gas reservoirs, which are mainly controlled by nanopore-scale and pressure; (3) in micropores (pore radius of <2 nm), the contribution of surface diffusion to the gas mass transfer is dominant, up to 92.95%; in macropores (pore radius of >50 nm), the contribution is less than 4.39%, which is negligible; in mesopores (2 nm < pore radius < 50 nm), the contribution is between micropores and macropores.
A Note on the new Callimachus (1928)

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QualiTROL (1996)

Economic pressure means utilities are holding back on investment in new equipment and reducing manpower expenses. Transformers are simply not being replaced as often as they were in the past. Transformers are being loaded more heavily, without adding new transformers. The key method to offset reduced maintenance personnel is to change from a calendar-based “scheduled” maintenance to a “predictive” maintenance philosophy, which focuses maintenance resources when and where the equipment “requires”. On-line diagnostic systems, which continuously monitor critical parameters for symptoms indicating impending problems, provide the tools to do this. The QualiTROL SENTRY system provides an economical method to monitor transformers more closely, allowing utilities to analyze transformer behavior without costly travel to the site, predict potential problems, diagnose problems remotely, and plan resources to deal with problem situations. Utilities can concentrate their limited manpower on the equipment that is in need of attention. The system is easily retrofitted to existing transformers using existing sensor access points. The SENTRY provides a base platform with the features to do all the necessary monitoring to meet today and tomorrow's requirements. It provides: on-line continuous monitoring, automatic alarm notification, remote access to present and historical data, local displays, controls and alarms, outputs for SCADA and future higher level systems, and the ability to have the information at any PC, wherever and by whomever it is needed. (7 pages)
Need for speed: CORA scheduler for optimizing completion-times in the cloud (2015)

There is an increasing need for cloud service performance that can be tailored to customer requirements. In the context of jobs submitted to cloud computing clusters, a crucial requirement is the specification of job completion-times. A natural way to model this specification, is through client/job utility functions that are dependent on job completion-times. We present a method to allocate and schedule heterogeneous resources to jointly optimize the utilities of jobs in a cloud. Specifically: (i) we formulate a completion-time optimal resource allocation (CORA) problem to apportion cluster resources across the jobs that enforces max-min fairness among job utilities, and (ii) starting with an integer programming problem, we perform a series of steps to transform it into an equivalent linear programming problem, and (iii) we implement the proposed framework as a utility-aware resource scheduler in the widely used Hadoop data processing framework, and finally (iv) through extensive experiments with real-world datasets, we show that our prototype achieves significant performance improvement over existing resource-allocation policies.
Reducing overheads in distributed shared memory systems (2002)

Shared memory machines have two major overheads: keeping caches coherent and managing the multiple threads of computation which enable tolerance of very long memory latencies. Thetis is a hybrid architecture providing both shared memory and efficient message passing; it will be built from 'commodity' components and consists of sites with a small number of computation processors and a separate, programmable, auxiliary processor. The auxiliary processor performs overhead tasks, e.g. maintenance of cache directories, management of memory and thread queues; placed on its own bus, it does not block or delay memory accesses from computation processors which are not waiting for it. We describe how the use of a threaded variant of C (which has a functional style) enables the run-time system to dynamically determine coherence needs-dramatically reducing the overhead of maintaining coherent caches in a shared memory machine.
A route for fructose utilization by <i>Escherichia coli</i> involving the fucose regulon (2006)

Fructose can be taken up by Escherichia coli via a variety of membrane-spanning proteins that recognize sugars with the 3,4,5-d-arabino-hexose configuration. Here, we describe a mutant that is devoid of those proteins but takes up fructose via the FucP carrier normally used for the transport of alpha-L-fucose; this implies that the fructose is taken up in the alpha- or beta-fructopyranose form. For growth, the assimilated fructose is sequentially phosphorylated by ATP and (i) manno(fructo)kinase, to form fructose 6-phosphate, and (ii) phosphofructokinase, to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which is a member of central routes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The mutation that confers on the organism the ability to take up fructose via the fucose regulon was located as a deletion of the fucA gene with consequent induction of the proton-linked fucose transporter, FucP.
Diffusion‐weighted multiple shot echo planar imaging of humans without navigation (1997)

A new method is proposed for reducing the artifacts produced in diffusion-weighted imaging. When data are acquired using multiple shot echo planar acquisitions, conventional reconstruction methods produce artifactual images as a consequence of diffusion weighting and small amounts of bulk motion of the subject. If the amount of motion can be determined, it is possible to correct the data before reconstruction, which removes the artifact. A method for estimating the motion from the acquired data has been developed and evaluated. This method assumes that ghost image effects will be minimized when motion has been correctly compensated. By considering the amount of signal in the background of the image, appropriate corrections to the data can be made, and the accuracy of the motion compensation may be estimated. This technique has been evaluated by computer simulation, and its performance has been demonstrated in a phantom and humans with both two- and four-shot echo planar acquisitions and using both "mosaic" and "interleaved" sampling schemes.
Distortion correction for a wide-angle lens based on real-time digital image processing (2003)

Images captured with wide-angle lenses suffer from spatial distortion, which prevents accurate measure and feature extraction. In this work, a mathematical model based on polynomial mapping is used to map the images from distorted image space onto the corrected image space. The model parameters include the polynomial coefficients, distortion center, and dot center. A new technique to estimate the distortion center based on the evaluation function is presented. In dot center estimation, a seed fill algorithm is used to traverse all pixels. The expansion polynomial was obtained by using cubic spline interpolation. With a field programmable gate array (FPGA), the real-time distortion correction is implemented, which is independent of a computer. The major benefit using FPGA is that the same circuit can be used for other circularly symmetric wide-angle lenses without being modified.
Influence of protein composition and hydrolysis method on intestinal absorption of protein in man. (1985)

An intestinal perfusion technique has been used in normal human subjects to investigate the influence that starter protein composition and hydrolysis procedure have on absorption of amino acid residues from partial enzymic hydrolysates of whole protein. Five starter proteins were studied. Three (egg albumin, casein/soy/lactalbumin, and lactalbumin) were hydrolysed by papain, a second lactalbumin starter protein, and a meat/soy/lactalbumin blend were hydrolysed by a porcine pancreatic enzyme system. Irrespective of starter protein composition or hydrolysis method used, four amino acid residues (threonine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and histidine) were absorbed significantly faster from all hydrolysates compared with absorption from their equivalent free amino acid mixtures. In contrast, both starter protein composition and hydrolysis method influenced absorption characteristics of up to nine other amino acid residues.
UNIX as an Application Program. (1990)

Since March of 1989 we have had running at CMU a computing environment in which the functions of a traditional Unix system are cleanly divided into two parts: facilities which manage the hardware resources of a computer system (such as CPU, I/O and memory) and support for higher-level resource abstractions used in the building of application programs, e.g. files and sockets. This paper describes the implementation of Unix as a multithreaded application program running on the Mach kernel. The rationale, design, implementation history and performance of the system is presented. 2. Introduction 1 It is both possible and rational to think of Unix not as an operating system kernel but as an application program -- a server or set of servers that can provide client programs with specific programming abstractions. For the last twelve months we have had running at CMU a computing environment in which the functions of a traditional Unix system are cleanly divided into two parts: facilities whi...
Evaluating the processability of film blowing resins (2009)

Abstract A key factor that limits the production rate in film blowing is bubble instability. Although processing conditions play an important role, it is well known that some resins are more resistant to instabilities than others. It is clear that long‐chain branching enhances stability, but it is not currently possible to model the process with sufficient accuracy to establish a quantitative relationship between rheological properties and blown film processability. It would thus be useful to be able to compare the processabilities of film resins by means of a laboratory measurement. We compared two laboratory tests that may be helpful in evaluating the ability of a resin to resist instabilities in the film blowing process. One of these was a film resin tester designed to simulate some aspects of the film blowing process, and the other was an extensional rheometer. We used a set of polyethylene resins that had been used previously in an extensive study of blown film stability. The extensional rheometer clearly shows the superiority of low‐density polyethylene but is not able to distinguish among polymers of other types. The melt tester, on the other hand, is sensitive to differences among linear polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Anti‐plaque agents. Rationale and prospects for prevention of gingivitis and periodontal disease (1991)

Oral health surveys have shown that even in countries with established patterns of oral hygiene habits, most individuals have relatively poor gingival health. This is due to a low interest in complying with oral health procedures. A number of factors are apparent when investigating compliance to oral hygiene habits, viz only approximately 50% of the population brushes twice a day or more, brushing time is probably much too short and use of dental floss is not very prevalent. Studies of the effect of motivation on oral hygiene suggest that improvements can be achieved, but these are not maintained unless motivation is continuously reinforced. This suggests that topically applied anti-plaque agents should be used to augment mechanical plaque control. A number of product forms are available to delivery anti-plaque agents i.e., mouthrinses, dentifrices, aqueous gels, and additionally floss, chewing gum and lozenges. Any product form should provide a physically, chemically and microbiologically stable environment for the agent concerned. It should facilitate optimal bioavailability of the agents at the site of action and encourage patient compliance. Anti-plaque agents for topical administration should have the following properties: high intrinsic efficacy against a broad spectrum of oral organisms, toxicological and ecological safety, oral substantivity, no adverse reactions and good chemical stability. A number of classes of anti-plaque agents have been identified such as positively charged organic molecules, metal salts, phenols, enzymes, peroxides, sugar substitutes, fluorides and surface modifying agents. In order to achieve optimal bioavailability, the agent to be dosed should be compatible with the product form used. The 2 major product forms are rinses and dentifrices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Expression of a bovine vesicular monoamine transporter in COS cells (1994)

Catecholamines are accumulated in vesicles by a proton gradient-dependent transport, which has mostly been studied in bovine chromaffin granules. The full sequence of a cDNA encoding a vesicular transporter from bovine chromaffin cells, bVMAT2, was recently reported. We now present an analysis of bVMAT2, expressed in transfected COS cells. Comparing the binding of a labelled ligand, [3H]TBZOH, and the rate of uptake, we find a much lower molecular turnover number than in chromaffin granules, probably indicating that a majority of expressed transporters are correctly folded and possess the ligand binding site but cannot actively transport monoamines because they are located in compartments which do not possess a proton gradient. The substrate specificity of uptake and its pharmacological sensitivity to various inhibitors closely resemble those previously observed in chromaffin granules. These results suggest that VMAT2 is the major transporter in bovine adrenal glands, and raise the question of the significance of the second related transporter, VMAT1, which is also expressed in this tissue.
MINMOD Millennium: A Computer Program to Calculate Glucose Effectiveness and Insulin Sensitivity from the Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (2003)

The Bergman Minimal Model enables estimation of two key indices of glucose/insulin dynamics: glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity. In this paper we describe MINMOD Millennium, the latest Windows-based version of minimal model software. Extensive beta testing of MINMOD Millennium has shown that it is user-friendly, fully automatic, fast, accurate, reproducible, repeatable, and highly concordant with past versions of MINMOD. It has a simple interface, a comprehensive help system, an input file editor, a file converter, an intelligent processing kernel, and a file exporter. It provides publication-quality charts of glucose and insulin and a table of all minimal model parameters and their error estimates. In contrast to earlier versions of MINMOD and some other minimal model programs, Millennium provides identified estimates of insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness for almost every subject.
Structure and rheology of polypropylene with various architectures prepared by coagent‐assisted radical processing (2010)

Abstract The grafting of polar monomers to polyolefin backbones carried out in the melt in the presence of peroxides is accompanied by a restructuring of the pristine macromolecule architecture depending on reaction conditions and original polyolefin structure. In the case of polypropylene (PP), side reactions, mainly degradation, are often controlled by the use of coagents which also provide a more complex scenario as far as possible reactions and final polymer structure are concerned. We have demonstrated that 2‐furyl acrylates are very active in maintaining the high molecular weight of PP during various functionalization processes carried out in the melt in the presence of peroxides. In the study reported here, PP samples modified in the melt by free radical processes initiated with peroxides in the presence of butyl‐3‐(2‐furyl) propenoate and its mixture with maleic anhydride were examined, and the effect of structural changes achieved were related to the rheology of the melt and morphological behaviour under heating. Rheological analysis is consistent with the formation of long branched macromolecules to an increasing extent with increasing content of reagents with respect to the polyolefin. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that the amount of long‐chain branching is responsible for a decrease of the melting temperature and an increase of the crystallization temperature. These results confirm that the functionalization coagent and monomer can give large macromolecule structure changes which can be driven in different directions depending on feed composition. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Crowdsourced HD Map Patches Based on Road Model Inference and Graph-Based SLAM. (2019)

In this work, we propose a method to create crowdsourced HD map patches based on road model inference and graph-based SLAM. As input data, we use higher level features such as lane marking and traffic sign observations that, in near future, will also be available from a newly developed floating car data collection solution. We process the data in four steps: (i) we apply smoothing based on GPS and odometry readings, (ii) align the resulting traces based on common observations of 3D point landmarks, (iii) find the lane marking configuration sequence along the road by discrete optimization and (iv) use that sequence to associate lane marking observations with lane marking entities to obtain their geometry. The results are evaluated by comparison with a ground truth HD map. Based on a total of 29 km of learned road segments, the average absolute distance between learned lane marking positions and those in the map is 0.306 m.
5,10,15-Trimethylenetribenzo[<i>a</i>,<i>f</i>,<i>k</i>]trindene (Truxenene) (1994)

The synthesis of the hitherto unknown title compound 1 from truxenone 2 via the alcohols 3 is reported. Truxenene 1 is a C3-symmetric chiral molecule possessing a low racemization energy barrier as evaluated by theoretical means.
A Comparison of GPS and Satellite Altimetry for Height Monitoring on an Offshore Production Platform (1995)

In 1993, Shell U.K. Exploration and Production,
operator in the U.K. sector of the North Sea for Shell
and Esso, carried out a precise GPS campaign for the
purpose of providing offshore height benchmarks on
several North Sea production platforms. The intention
was to reference the platforms to stable land points in
order that reliable monitoring of platform height could
be carried out in the future.
In 1994. a feasibility study for using Satellite
Altimetry in conjunction with a Transponder was
carried out on one of the platforms. This paper
describes the Transponder trial and provides a
comparison between the heights derived from GPS and
altimetry.
Efficient homomorphic encryption on integer vectors and its applications (2014)

Homomorphic encryption, aimed at enabling computation in the encrypted domain, is becoming important to a wide and growing range of applications, from cloud computing to distributed sensing. In recent years, a number of approaches to fully (or nearly fully) homomorphic encryption have been proposed, but to date the space and time complexity of the associated schemes has precluded their use in practice. In this work, we demonstrate that more practical homomorphic encryption schemes are possible when we require that not all encrypted computations be supported, but rather only those of interest to the target application. More specifically, we develop a homomorphic encryption scheme operating directly on integer vectors that supports three operations of fundamental interest in signal processing applications: addition, linear transformation, and weighted inner products. Moreover, when used in combination, these primitives allow us to efficiently and securely compute arbitrary polynomials. Some practically relevant examples of the computations supported by this framework are described, including feature extraction, recognition, classification, and data aggregation.
Electric control of stage and television lighting (1958)

The paper surveys the progress in switchboard control of stage and television lighting which has been made in the past 25 years. The various types of dimmer which form the basis are outlined, with particular reference to their remote control. The methods of co-ordinating control, using particular forms of levers and grouping aids, such as master selection and presetting, are described.Details of the application of organ-console techniques to the ‘playing’ of light are given, together with reasons for a preference for electromechanical dimmer systems rather than the American all-electric dimmer or the Continental electro-mechanical desk. All three systems are described.
The Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 gene product activates the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 5' long terminal repeat (1990)

The Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product BZLF1 transactivates the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR). The BZLF1 gene product caused an 18-fold increase in beta-galactosidase activity from an HIV-1 LTR lacZ expression vector, whereas the HIV-1 transactivator tat caused a 44-fold increase in beta-galactosidase activity. When cells were transfected with both BZLF1 (pEBV-Z) and tat (pTAT3) expression vectors, as well as HIV-1 LTR lacZ plasmid (pLRON), a 214-fold increase in beta-galactosidase activity was observed. This result suggests a synergistic effect of BZLF1 and tat on HIV-1 LTR-directed lacZ gene expression. Analysis of quantitative BZLF1 and tat requirements for maximal HIV-1 LTR activation indicates that BZLF1 does not reduce the amount of tat required for maximal LTR activation, as would be expected if the BZLF1 synergistic effect was due to increased tat gene expression. Thus, coordinate effects of BZLF1 and tat on the HIV-1 LTR or its transcript are probably responsible for synergistic HIV-1 LTR activation.
COPYING HOLOGRAMS (1966)

A method is described by which particularly good copies of holograms can be made. The reconstructed images formed by copies made when a He–Ne laser is used as the illuminating light for the copying process are excellent in detail and are less degraded than when other conventional illuminating light source is used.