gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microarray Dot Electrodes Utilizing Dielectrophoresis for Cell Characterization (2013)

During the last three decades; dielectrophoresis (DEP) has become a vital tool for cell manipulation and characterization due to its non-invasiveness. It is very useful in the trend towards point-of-care systems. Currently, most efforts are focused on using DEP in biomedical applications, such as the spatial manipulation of cells, the selective separation or enrichment of target cells, high-throughput molecular screening, biosensors and immunoassays. A significant amount of research on DEP has produced a wide range of microelectrode configurations. In this paper; we describe the microarray dot electrode, a promising electrode geometry to characterize and manipulate cells via DEP. The advantages offered by this type of microelectrode are also reviewed. The protocol for fabricating planar microelectrodes using photolithography is documented to demonstrate the fast and cost-effective fabrication process. Additionally; different state-of-the-art Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices that have been proposed for DEP applications in the literature are reviewed. We also present our recently designed LOC device, which uses an improved microarray dot electrode configuration to address the challenges facing other devices. This type of LOC system has the capability to boost the implementation of DEP technology in practical settings such as clinical cell sorting, infection diagnosis, and enrichment of particle populations for drug development.
Robust Infrared-Shielding Coating Films Prepared Using Perhydropolysilazane and Hydrophobized Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles with Tuned Surface Plasmon Resonance (2013)

Robust infrared (IR)-shielding coating films were prepared by dispersing indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (NPs) in a silica matrix. Hydrophobized ITO NPs were synthesized via a liquid phase process. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption of the ITO NPs could be tuned by varying the concentration of Sn doping from 3 to 30 mol %. The shortest SPR wavelength and strongest SPR absorption were obtained for the ITO NPs doped with 10% Sn because they possessed the highest electron carrier density. Coating films composed of a continuous silica matrix homogeneously dispersed with ITO NPs were obtained using perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) as a precursor. PHPS was completely converted to silica by exposure to the vapor from aqueous ammonia at 50 °C. The prepared coating films can efficiently shield IR radiation even though they are more than 80% transparent in the visible range. The coating film with the greatest IR-shielding ability completely blocked IR light at wavelengths longer than 1400 nm. The pencil hardness of this coating film was 9H at a load of 750 g, which is sufficiently robust for applications such as automotive glass.
Wireless protection switching for vedio service in wireless-optical broadband access network (2009)

This paper tackles a survivability problem of the Optical-Wireless Broadband Access Network (WOBAN). The proposed scheme introduces the ONU with wireless function (called WONU) for multiple service applications, and uses the wireless resource to protect the network from fiber failure. It establishes the wireless protect link between two WONU for the inter-ONU communication to restore the service when the last-drop fiber is cut. Moreover, to reduce the bandwidth confliction and achieve high effective bandwidth utilization, strategy by using the time-domain adaptive linear prediction and Media Delivery Index (MDI) as the reference to guarantee the QoS is embedded in the scheme. To evaluate this scheme, a WOBAN test-bed is constructed. The experimental results indicate that this scheme could effectively protect the video service by using the wireless resource.
Detection of<i>WIPI1</i>mRNA as an indicator of autophagosome formation (2013)

Autophagy is a cellular bulk degradation system for long-lived proteins and organelles that operates during nutrient starvation and is thus a type of recycling system. In recent years, a series of mammalian orthologs of yeast autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been identified; however, the importance of the transcriptional regulation of ATG genes underlying autophagosome formation is poorly understood. In this study, we identified several ATG genes, including the genes ULK1, MAP1LC3B, GABARAPL1, ATG13, WIPI1, and WDR45/WIPI4, with elevated mRNA levels in thapsigargin-, C2-ceramide-, and rapamycin-treated as well as amino acid-depleted HeLa cells except for MAP1LC3B mRNA in rapamycin-treated HeLa cells. Rapamycin had a weaker effect on the expressions of ATG genes. The increase in WIPI1 and MAP1LC3B mRNA was induced prior to the accumulation of the autophagy marker protein MAP1LC3 in the thapsigargin- and C2-ceramide-treated A549 cells. By counting the puncta marked with MAP1LC3B in HeLa cells treated with different autophagy inducers, we revealed that the time-dependent mRNA elevation of a specific set of ATG genes was similar to that of autophagosome accumulation. The transcriptional attenuation of WIPI1 mRNA using RNA interference inhibited the puncta number in thapsigargin-treated HeLa cells. Remarkably, increases in the abundance of WIPI1 mRNA were also manifested in thapsigargin- and C2-ceramide-treated human fibroblasts (WI-38 and TIG-1), human cancer cells (U-2 OS, Saos-2, and MCF7), and rodent fibroblasts (Rat-1). Taken together, these results suggest that the detection of WIPI1 mRNA is likely to be a convenient method of monitoring autophagosome formation in a wide range of cell types.
MOEMS based integrated microfluidic fiber-optic waveguides for biophotonic applications (2005)

Fiber-optic waveguides based Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MOEMS) form a significant class of biosensors which have notable advantages like light weight, low cost and more importantly, the ability to be integrated with bio-systems. In this work, integrated microfluidic fiber-optic waveguide biosensor is presented. The phenomenon of evanescence is employed for sensing mechanism of the device. Herein, the fiber-optic waveguide is integrated with bulk micromachined fluidic channel across which different chemical and biological samples are passed through. The significant refractive index change due to the presence of biological samples that causes the evanescent field condition in the waveguides leads to optical intensity attenuation of the transmitted light. The study of the modulation in optical intensity is used to detect the properties of the species used in the evanescent region. The intensity modulation of light depends upon the geometry of the waveguide, the length of evanescent field, the optical properties of specimen used for producing evanescence and the changes in the properties by their reaction with other specimen. Therefore, this device is proposed for biosensing applications. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been carried out for wave propagation under the evanescent condition for different parametric variations.
Brain Structural Abnormalities at the Onset of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-analysis of Controlled Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies (2012)

A number of structural brain imaging studies and meta-analytic reviews have shown that multiple subtle brain abnormalities are consistently found in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Several studies suggest that schizophrenia and affective psychoses share a largely common pattern of brain abnormalities. Aim of the present study was to compare, by means of a meta-analytic approach, brain structural abnormalities, as detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), found at the onset of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in order to address the question of the specificity of brain abnormalities across diagnostic groups. Forty-five studies were identified as suitable for analysis. In both schizophrenic and bipolar patients significant overall effect sizes were demonstrated for intracranial, whole brain, total grey and white matter volume reduction as well as for an increase of lateral ventricular volume at disease onset. Thus, the available literature data strongly indicate that some brain abnormalities are already present in first-episode schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and that there is a significant overlap of brain abnormalities in affective and non-affective psychotic disorders at the onset of the disease. However, whole grey matter volume deficits and lateral ventricular enlargement appear to be more prominent in first-episode schizophrenia whereas white matter volume reduction seems more prominent in bipolar disorder. The common vs specific trajectories of brain pathomorphology in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are discussed.
Vapor-deposited thin-film recording heads (1971)

A vapor-deposited thin-film recording head and a unique reading technique are described. The head structure used for both write and read is similar to that of the Mated-Film memory element. Conventional longitudinal recordings at 4000 flux reversals per inch have been written with a thin-film head in 300-Å-thick iron films having a coercivity of 80 Oe. Conventional longitudinal recordings up to 1600 flux reversals per inch in thin-film media and in oxide media have been sensed with the thin-film head. Although a one-turn sense line is used, flux amplification is obtained because the head magnetization, not the flux from the recording, is sensed. This also results in an output signal that is independent of recording media velocity.
Measurement of dielectrics in the time domain (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurement of dielectrics in the time domainHugo Fellner-FeldeggCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1969, 73, 3, 616–623Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100723a023https://doi.org/10.1021/j100723a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views817Altmetric-Citations271LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Hydrodynamic relaxation in flow field-flow fractionation using both split and frit inlets (1991)

Two means are described for achieving hydrodynamic relaxation and thus avoiding the stopflow injection procedure in field-flow fractionation (FFF): split flow injection and frit inlet injection. The advantages, disadvantages, and the theoretical basis of these procedures are discussed. Incremental band broadening due to the final relaxation step is examined theoretically and shown to be negligible when the flow rate of the sample inlet substream is small compared to the total channel flow rate. The optimization of the sample inlet flow rate is discussed. Experimental results for both injection procedures are reported for flow/steric (or hyperlayer) FFF applied to latex standards, confirming the expected trends. However, closer examination shows that the observed incremental band broadening associated with hydrodynamic relaxation is somewhat larger than the value predicted.
A preliminary evaluation of the Visual CARE Measure for use by Allied Health Professionals with children and their parents (2014)

The Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) Measure (Mercer et al., 2004) is a patient-rated experience measure of practitioner empathy, developed and validated within adult health services. This study reports the feasibility, acceptability, reliability and validity of three adapted versions of the original CARE measure for the paediatric setting, namely the Visual CARE Measure 5Q, 10Q and 10Q Parent (also known as the Paediatric CARE Measure). Three hundred and sixty-nine participants (N = 149 children (40%) and N = 220 parents (60%)) completed the measure following consultation with an Allied Health Professional (AHP). AHPs felt it was feasible to use the measure in routine practice and the majority of children and parents found the measure easy to understand (98%) and complete (98%). Internal reliability (Cronbach's α) was .746 for the 5Q, .926 for the 10Q and .963 for the 10Q parent. Few participants used the 'not applicable' response (N = 28 (8%)), suggesting high content validity. AHPs found the measures relevant (95%) and useful (90%) and reported that they were likely to use them again (96%). The Visual CARE Measure shows promise as a useful tool to enable children and their parents to give their views. Further research on the tool's reliability and validity is required.
Prevention of neointimal proliferation by immunosuppression in synthetic vascular grafts (2001)

Local or systemic administration of rapamycins has no effect on intimal hyperplasia in synthetic vascular grafts. In contrast, toxic signs with weight loss were observed in animals treated with high dose rapamycins, but not in those treated with MMF. Thus, in the rat model, immunosuppression with rapamycins or MMF cannot be recommended for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia in the synthetic vascular graft model.
Altered mRNA metabolism in ribonuclease III-deficient strains of Escherichia coli (1978)

The metabolism of mRNA from the lactose (lac) operon of Escherichia coli has been studied in ribonuclease (RNase) III-deficient strains (rnc-105). The induction lag for beta-galactosidase from the first gene was twice as long, and enzyme synthesis was reduced 10-fold in one such mutant compared with its isogenic rnc+ sister; in the original mutant strain AB301-105, synthesis of beta-galactosidase was not even detectable, although transduction analysis revealed the presence of a normal lac operon. This defect does not reflect a loss of all lac operon activity galactoside acetyltransferase from the last gene was synthesized even in strain AB301-105 but at a rate several times lower than normal. Hybridization analyses suggested that both the frequency of transcription initiation and the time to transcribe the entire operon are normal in rnc-105 strains. The long induction lag was caused by a longer translation time. This defect led to translational polarity with reduced amounts of distal mRNA to give a population of smaller-sized lac mRNA molecules. All these pleiotropic effects seem to result from RNase III deficiency, since it was possible to select revertants to rnc+ that grew and expressed the lac operon at normal rates. However, the rnc-105 isogenic strains (but not AB301-105) also changed very easily to give a more normal rate of beta-galactosidase synthesis without regaining RNase III activity or a faster growth rate. The basis for this reversion is not known; it may represent a "phenotypic suppression" rather than result from a stable genetic change. Such suppressor effects could account for earlier reports of a noninvolvement of RNase III in mRNA metabolism in deliberately selected lac+ rnc-105 strains. The ribosomes from rnc-105 strains were as competent as ribosomes from rnc+ strains to form translation initiation complexes in vitro. However, per mass, beta-galactosidase mRNA from AB301-105 was at least three times less competent to form initiation complexes than was A19 beta-galactosidase mRNA. RNase III may be important in the normal cell to prepare lac mRNA for translation initiation. A defect at this step could account for all the observed changes in lac expression. A potential target within a secondary structure at the start of the lac mRNA is considered. Expression of many operons may be affected by RNase III activity; gal and trp operon expressions were also abnormal in RNase III- strains.
Mechanical and biochemical aspects of leukocyte interactions with model vessel walls. (1984)

Leukocytes in flowing blood are continually undergoing collisions with the blood vessel walls. Whether these collisions result in adherence depends on a delicate balance between the fluid mechanical drag force, which tends to dislodge the PMNL, and the adhesive force generated at the area of contact with the endothelium. Local blood flow rate controls the first of these forces, with the important parameter being the velocity gradient at the wall (wall shear rate). The detailed morphology of the endothelial cell and the PMNL upon collision and the biochemical state of these cells determine the adhesive force, because this force is a product of the strength of interaction times the area of contact. If a leukocyte flattens out or spreads on the vessel wall surface, it will reduce the hydrodynamic drag and increase the area of contact, leading to a more stable adhesion. In the normal circulation, a significant fraction of the PMNL appear to be attached to the endothelium, particularly in the low flow venules. This leukocyte fraction is what hematology texts refer to as the marginal pool. The adherent PMNL are a dynamic population in the sense that some return to the circulation, some move through the endothelial cell mono-layer into the extravascular space, and others remain "attached" to the endothelial cells but roll along the surface in the flow direction. An equilibrium number is maintained under normal conditions by recruitment from the circulating pool. Increased blood flow rate will increase the hydrodynamic force, tending to dislodge the PMNL, but will also (at least in large vessels) increase the number of collisions of circulating PMNL with the vessel wall by increasing the effective "diffusion" coefficient of the leukocyte. Thus if one studied the kinetics of PMNL adhesion on an initially clean endothelial monolayer surface under flow, increasing the whole blood flow rate would probably increase in initial rate of attachment but may decrease the equilibrium number of adherent leukocytes (Fig. 5). The degree of cooperation in vivo between PMNL and endothelial cells required to enable the leukocytes to perform their bactericidal functions is fascinating. This type of interdependency also appears to be necessary in the inflammatory response [Wedmore and Williams, 1981]. Fluid mechanical forces in addition to biochemical events are crucial in regulating these interaction processes in vivo. In vitro models for examining PMNL adhesion should include control of the local fluid mechanics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Desorption from Spin‐On Glass (1989)

This study is part of an effort to gain understanding relating to a serious via resistance issue common to spin‐on glass (SOG) planarized multilevel metal systems. We have studied the desorption products from SOG which had been cured to varying degrees from a 120°C to an 800°C bake. The measurements were made using a quadrupole mass spectrometer in a general purpose vacuum system. The primary desorption product was water molecules. Desorption occurs at temperatures below 300°C, even for samples processed at 800°C. After desorption, the samples can be "refilled" by exposure to water vapor. For samples processed to 400°C, about were desorbed from a 1 cm2 SOG film which was 2 KÅ thick. This indicates that there are about one‐tenth as many molecules as there are "molecules" in this film. Processing to 800°C reduced the amount of gas desorbed by less than a factor of three.
Isolation and purification of recombinant proteins, antibodies and plasmid DNA with hydroxyapatite chromatography (2011)

Hydroxyapatite and related stationary phases increasingly play a role in the downstream processing of high-value biological materials, such as recombinant proteins, therapeutic antibodies and pharmaceutical-grade plasmid DNA. Chromatographic hydroxyapatite is an inorganic, ceramic material identical in composition, if not in structure, to calcium phosphate found in human bones and teeth. The interaction of hydroxyapatite with biomacromolecules is complex and highly dynamic, which can make predicting performance difficult, but also allows the design of very selective isolation processes. This review discusses the currently commercially available chromatographic materials, different retention mechanisms supported by these materials and differential exploitation for the design of highly specific isolation procedures. The state of the art of antibody purification by hydroxy- and fluoroapatite is reviewed together with tested routines for method development and implementation. Finally, the isolation of plasmid DNA is discussed, since the purification of DNA therapeutics at a sufficiently large scale is an emerging need in bioprocess development and perhaps the area in bioseparation where apatite chromatography can make its most important contribution to date.
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Individual Active Blade Pitch Control (2012)

Increasing attention has been paid on Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) to improve the poor aerodynamic performances. In this paper, we obtain the aerodynamic coefficients of blades by the method of simulation and experiments, and present along with a prototype of Variable-pitch VAWT. Then, mathematical model and dynamic model have been built, and individual active control for computing the optimal pitch angle of VAWT has been presented, which can maximize its power output at given operational conditions. Based on simulation, comparative analysis between fixed-pitch and individual active variable-pitch of prototype have been done. We have found that aerodynamic performances have been greatly improved, tangential force coefficient of which is twice as large as that of fixed-pitch VAWT. Moreover, an optimum active variable-pitch control strategy which is reliable and efficient has been proposed to achieve a better operation condition.
Psychotropic medication use among adolescents: United States, 2005-2010. (2013)

Approximately 6.0% of U.S. adolescents aged 12-19 reported psychotropic drug use in the past month. The use of antidepressants (3.2%) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) drugs (3.2%) was highest, followed by antipsychotics (1.0%); anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics (0.5%); and antimanics (0.2%). Males (4.2%) were more likely than females (2.2%) to use ADHD drugs. Females (4.5%) were more likely than males (2.0%) to use antidepressants. Psychotropic drug use was higher among non-Hispanic white (8.2%) adolescents than non-Hispanic black (3.1%) and Mexican-American (2.9%) adolescents. About one-half of U.S. adolescents using psychotropic drugs in the past month had seen a mental health professional in the past year (53.3%). Prior studies have shown an increase in psychotropic medication use among adolescents. However, most studies were based on clinical samples or high-risk populations. This report provides the estimate of any psychotropic medication use in the past month among U.S. noninstitutionalized adolescents aged 12-19 during 2005-2010, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Psychotropic medication is a type of drug used to treat clinical psychiatric symptoms or mental disorders. Specific psychotropic drug types addressed are antidepressants; medications for attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD); anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics (ASH); antimanics; and antipsychotics. Adolescents using psychotropic drugs are further examined by sex, race and Hispanic origin, and mental health professional consultation.