gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence of the Gene Encoding the Mitochondrial Capsule Selenoprotein of Mouse Sperm: Identification of Three In-Phase TGA Selenocysteine Codons (1992)

The mitochondrial selenoprotein is a major structural protein of the keratinous mitochondrial capsule in mammalian sperm, a structure that functions in shaping mitochondria into the helical sheath surrounding the flagellum. A cDNA clone (Kleene et al., 1990) was isolated previously encoding a protein whose predicted size and amino acid content of > 20% cysteine and proline closely resembled a selenoprotein in the bull mitochondrial capsule. The sequences of additional cDNAs and genomic DNA reported here reveal that the mouse mitochondrial capsule selenoprotein reading frame begins 54 codons further upstream than previously reported. Significantly, these 54 codons contain three in-phase UGA codons, which normally signify stop but encode selenocysteine in bacterial and mammalian selenoproteins. The coding region of the mitochondrial capsule selenoprotein gene is interrupted by a single intron. S1 mapping and primer extension demonstrate that the vast majority of MCS mRNAs are spliced using consensus 5' and 3' slice junctions in mammalian cells. However, two cDNAs have been identified that apparently represent rare mRNA variants produced by use of cryptic splice sites.
Thermochemistry of Microporous and Mesoporous Materials (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTThermochemistry of Microporous and Mesoporous MaterialsAlexandra Navrotsky*, Olga Trofymluk†, and Andrey A. Levchenko‡View Author Information Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT ORU†, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616* To whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected].†Nanomaterials in the Environment, Agriculture and Technology - Organized Research Unit‡Current address: Setaram Inc, Newark, California 94560Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 9, 3885–3902Publication Date (Web):July 28, 2009Publication History Received23 October 2008Published online28 July 2009Published inissue 9 September 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr800495thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr800495treview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9122Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cations,Enthalpy,Hydration,Silica,Zeolites Get e-Alerts
Absence of caspase-3 protects against denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy (2009)

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a key proteolytic pathway activated during skeletal muscle atrophy. The proteasome, however, cannot degrade intact myofibrils or actinomyosin complexes. In rodent models of diabetes mellitus and uremia, caspase-3 is involved in actinomyosin cleavage, generating fragments that subsequently undergo ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation. Here, we demonstrate that caspase-3 also mediates denervation-induced muscle atrophy. At 2 wk after tibial nerve transection, the denervated gastrocnemius of caspase-3-knockout mice weighed more and demonstrated larger fiber-type-specific cross-sectional area than the denervated gastrocnemius of wild-type mice. However, there was no difference between caspase-3-knockout and wild-type denervated muscles in the magnitude or pattern of actinomyosin degradation, as determined by Western blotting for actin and the 14-kDa actin fragment. Similarly, there was no difference between caspase-3-knockout and wild-type denervated muscles in the magnitude of increase in proteasome activity, total protein ubiquitination, or atrogin-1 and muscle-specific ring finger protein 1 transcript levels. In contrast, there was an increase in TdT-mediated dUTP nick end label-positive nuclei in the denervated muscle of wild-type compared with caspase-3-knockout mice. Apoptotic signaling upstream of caspase-3 remained intact, with equivalent mitochondrial Bax translocation and cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation in the denervated gastrocnemius muscle of wild-type and caspase-3-knockout mice. In contrast, diminished poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in the denervated muscle of caspase-3-knockout compared with wild-type mice revealed that apoptotic signaling downstream of caspase-3 was impaired, suggesting that the absence of caspase-3 protects against denervation-induced muscle atrophy by suppressing apoptosis as opposed to ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated protein degradation.
Surface emitted THz-wave generation/amplification using ridge type PPLN (2006)

Surface-emitted THz-wave generation using difference frequency mixing with ridge-shaped periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) was demonstrated. The PPLN produces THz-waves in opposite directions, and overlapping each THz-wave increased the total THz-wave intensity about 2.7 times.
The Cross-Modality Disparity Problem in Multispectral Pedestrian Detection. (2019)

Multispectral pedestrian detection has shown great advantages under poor illumination conditions, since the thermal modality provides complementary information for the color image. However, real multispectral data suffers from the position shift problem, i.e. the color-thermal image pairs are not strictly aligned, making one object has different positions in different modalities. In deep learning based methods, this problem makes it difficult to fuse the feature maps from both modalities and puzzles the CNN training. In this paper, we propose a novel Aligned Region CNN (AR-CNN) to handle the weakly aligned multispectral data in an end-to-end way. Firstly, we design a Region Feature Alignment (RFA) module to capture the position shift and adaptively align the region features of the two modalities. Secondly, we present a new multimodal fusion method, which performs feature re-weighting to select more reliable features and suppress the useless ones. Besides, we propose a novel RoI jitter strategy to improve the robustness to unexpected shift patterns of different devices and system settings. Finally, since our method depends on a new kind of labelling: bounding boxes that match each modality, we manually relabel the KAIST dataset by locating bounding boxes in both modalities and building their relationships, providing a new KAIST-Paired Annotation. Extensive experimental validations on existing datasets are performed, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. Code and data are available at this https URL.
Two-Step Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrrolopyrazinones from Ketones and Piperazin-2-ones (2018)

An expedient two-step synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrrolopyrazinones has been achieved via a Vilsmeier-Haack reaction of ketones, followed by an annulation of the corresponding chloroaldehydes with commercially available piperazin-2-ones. A variety of cyclic and acyclic ketones and piperazin-2-ones participated in this two-step chemistry, affording the desired 3,4-dihydropyrrolopyrazinones in up to 78% yield.
No role for quality scores in systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy studies (2005)

Quality scores should not be incorporated into diagnostic systematic reviews. Incorporation of the results of the quality assessment into the systematic review should involve investigation of the association of individual quality items with estimates of diagnostic accuracy, rather than using a combined quality score.
Marine electrochemistry : a practical introduction (1981)

A concise introduction to the fundamentals of electrochemical methods and their practical application to environmental and oceanographic studies. All the chapters are written by practitioners with considerable experience in the various techniques both in the laboratory and in the field. Features detailed treatments of the conductometric determination of salinity and the amperometric determination of oxygen; the use of potentiometric sensors both for direct measurement and as end-point detectors in titrimetric procedures; electrodeposition procedures as a versatile and chemically selective means of obtaining uncontaminated samples for analysis by spectroscopic and neutron activation analysis; and voltammetry.
Interaction between TCP flow control and ABR rate control (2002)

This study deals with TCP/IP traffic using the available bit rate (ABR) service and focuses particularly on the interaction between the TCP flow control and the ABR explicit rate control, when zero cell loss is provided by the ATM layer. The TCP retransmission mechanism is based on timeout of acknowledgements, which means that if the ABR service introduces too much delay variation, which may be the case when fast reaction rate control algorithms are used, false retransmissions will occur. Apart from, obviously, being a waste of bandwidth, a false retransmission actually causes a transient rate increase when the TCP slow start mechanism is mistakenly invoked, which may cause additional false retransmissions. Simulations of two ABR algorithms and TCP implementations have been performed to evaluate both the transient steady state behaviour as well as the average throughput when on-off VBR traffic was added. Based on the simulations, it can be concluded that the TCP performance improves if the TCP packet emission rates are closely adjusted to the rate offered by the ABR service, which also allows a small granularity of the retransmission timer. Moreover, of the two evaluated ABR algorithms, the one providing the fastest rate reactions gives the overall highest throughput compared to the one with more restrained rate change behaviour.
GENETICS OF ANGIOSPERM SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM DEVELOPMENT (1997)

Recent progress has been made in the genetic dissection of angiosperm shoot apical meristem (SAM) structure and function. Genes required for proper SAM development have been identified in a variety of species through the isolation of mutants. In addition, genes with expression patterns indicating they play a role in SAM function have been identified molecularly. The processes of SAM formation, self-renewal, and pattern formation within the SAM are examined with an emphasis on the contributions of recent classical and molecular genetic experiments to our understanding of this basic problem in plant developmental biology.
Investigation on the temperature compensating model for ring laser gyroscope (2006)

Thermal effects impose the greatest limit on the precision of a ring laser gyro (RLG). Selections of temper-ature sensing points were comparatively discussed based on large numbers of experimental data to improve its precision, and the optimum combination was selected to establish a practical compensating model. The model is applied to new experimental data under the given and varied temperatures. Results show that the bias trend changing with the temperature is basically eliminated and the bias stability is enhanced significantly. OCIS codes: 140.3370, 060.2800, 120.6810, 120.6780, 070.6020. Ring laser gyroscope (RLG) is a kind of optical gyroscope by means of the Sagnac effect, and it is one of the most ideal devices for the Strapdown Inertial Navigation Sys-tem (SINS). But the temperature characteristic of RLG brings lots of inverse influence and confines the further increase of its precision. Therefore, necessary temper-ature control or temperature compensating measures must be put into practice in order to improve gyroscope
The low-stress tensile behaviour of single worsted yarns (2007)

Abstract A geometrical model is proposed to explain the conformational change of fibres in a single yarn during extension in the low-stress region, assuming that fibre slippage and fibre elongation do not occur. The key parameters affecting the yarn low-stress extension are the yarn twist factor and the yarn packing fraction. On extension, a yarn is compressed diametrally and a limit of low-stress extension is attained when the yarn packing fraction reaches an assumed maximum value of 0.76. Using the Van Wyk theory of compression of fibre assemblies, a relationship between the tensile stress and the yarn extension is derived and the load-extension curve of a single yarn in the region of low-stress extension is defined. Equations are also derived enabling calculation of the yarn packing fraction from the low-stress load-extension curve of a yarn. This work establishes a first step towards the more complex models to characterise the low-stress extension of twofold yarns and woven fabric. Keywords: Single yarnextensionlow-stressyarn twistpacking fraction ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology. The authors would like to thank Ms. Yvonne Douglas and Ms. Irene Slota for carrying out the experimental work. Notes ∗ Note that the Uster Tester-4 measures the yarn mass and yarn optical diameter.
Identification of the Binding Surface on β-Lactamase for GroEL by Limited Proteolysis and MALDI-Mass Spectrometry (1998)

Escherichia coli beta-lactamase, alone or as a complex with GroEL at 48 degreesC, was partially digested with trypsin, endoproteinase Glu-C, or thermolysin. Peptides were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization mass spectrometry and aligned with the known sequence. From the protease cleavage sites which become protected upon binding and those which become newly accessible, a model of the complex is proposed in which the carboxy-terminal helix has melted, two loops form the binding interface and the large beta-sheet become partially uncovered by the slight dislocation of other structural elements. This explains how hydrophobic surface on the substrate protein can become accessible while scarcely disrupting the hydrogen bond network of the native structure. An analysis of the GroEL-bound peptides bound after digestion of the beta-lactamase showed no obvious sequence motifs, indicating that binding is provided by hydrophobic patches in the three-dimensional structure.
Degradation of reactive dyes in a photocatalytic circulating‐bed biofilm reactor (2011)

Decolorization and mineralization of reactive dyes by intimately coupled TiO₂-photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) on a novel TiO₂-coated biofilm carrier were investigated in a photocatalytic circulating-bed biofilm reactor (PCBBR). Two typical reactive dyes--Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Yellow 86 (RY86)--showed similar first-order kinetics when being photocatalytically decolorized at low pH (~4-5) in batch experiments. Photocatalytic decolorization was inhibited at neutral pH in the presence of phosphate or carbonate buffer, presumably due to electrostatic repulsion from negatively charged surface sites on TiO₂, radical scavenging by phosphate or carbonate, or both. Therefore, continuous PCBBR experiments were carried out at a low pH (~4.5) to maintain high photocatalytic efficiency. In the PCBBR, photocatalysis alone with TiO₂-coated carriers could remove target compound RB5 and COD by 97% and 47%, respectively. Addition of biofilm inside macroporous carriers maintained a similar RB5 removal efficiency, but COD removal increased to 65%, which is evidence of ICPB despite the low pH. ICPB was further proven by finding microorganisms inside carriers at the end of the PCBBR experiments. A proposed ICPB pathway for RB5 suggests that a major intermediate, a naphthol derivative, was responsible for most of the residual COD, while most of the nitrogen in the azo-bonds (-N=N-) was oxidized to N₂.
New hypotheses derived from the structure of a flaviviral Xrn1-resistant RNA: Conservation, folding, and host adaptation (2015)

Arthropod-borne flaviviruses (FVs) are a growing world-wide health threat whose incidence and range are increasing. The pathogenicity and cytopathicity of these single-stranded RNA viruses are influenced by viral subgenomic non-protein-coding RNAs (sfRNAs) that the viruses produce to high levels during infection. To generate sfRNAs the virus co-opts the action of the abundant cellular exonuclease Xrn1, which is part of the cell's normal RNA turnover machinery. This exploitation of the cellular machinery is enabled by discrete, highly structured, Xrn1-resistant RNA elements (xrRNAs) in the 3'UTR that interact with Xrn1 to halt processive 5' to 3' decay of the viral genomic RNA. We recently solved the crystal structure of a functional xrRNA, revealing a novel fold that provides a mechanistic model for Xrn1 resistance. Continued analysis and interpretation of the structure reveals that the tertiary contacts that knit the xrRNA fold together are shared by a wide variety of arthropod-borne FVs, conferring robust Xrn1 resistance in all tested. However, there is some variability in the structures that correlates with unexplained patterns in the viral 3' UTRs. Finally, examination of these structures and their behavior in the context of viral infection leads to a new hypothesis linking RNA tertiary structure, overall 3' UTR architecture, sfRNA production, and host adaptation.
Fluorescence of Europium Thenoyltrifluoroacetonate. I. Evaluation of Laser Threshold Parameters (1963)

A crystalline form of europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (EuTTA) with an mp of 164°—166°C has been prepared. Measurements of absorption and emission spectra, fluorescence lifetime, and relative quantum yield have been made on solutions of EuTTA in acetone, toluene, and ethanol. From these measurements the required laser threshold concentration of excited EuTTA molecules in acetone at room temperature for a laser cavity with an optical loss of 1%/cm is calculated to be 2.3×1017 cm—3.
Field emission mechanism of oxidized highly phosphorus-doped homoepitaxial diamond (111) (2005)

Spatially resolved electron field emission experiments on oxidized highly phosphorus-doped homoepitaxial diamond (111) were applied at room temperature. The diamond layer shows hopping conductivity. Field emission properties have three distinct regions. We attribute the variation in emission currents to: (a) Electron emission from conduction-band minimum (Region I), (b) Depletion of conduction-band electrons at the surface (Region II), and (c) emission from the phosphorus level (Region III). From these data, we calculate an effective positive electron affinity for the oxidized surface of 1–1.5eV.
Receptive field focus of visual area V4 neurons determines responses to illusory surfaces (2013)

Illusory figures demonstrate the visual system's ability to infer surfaces under conditions of fragmented sensory input. To investigate the role of midlevel visual area V4 in visual surface completion, we used multielectrode arrays to measure spiking responses to two types of visual stimuli: Kanizsa patterns that induce the perception of an illusory surface and physically similar control stimuli that do not. Neurons in V4 exhibited stronger and sometimes rhythmic spiking responses for the illusion-promoting configurations compared with controls. Moreover, this elevated response depended on the precise alignment of the neuron's peak visual field sensitivity (receptive field focus) with the illusory surface itself. Neurons whose receptive field focus was over adjacent inducing elements, less than 1.5° away, did not show response enhancement to the illusion. Neither receptive field sizes nor fixational eye movements could account for this effect, which was present in both single-unit signals and multiunit activity. These results suggest that the active perceptual completion of surfaces and shapes, which is a fundamental problem in natural visual experience, draws upon the selective enhancement of activity within a distinct subpopulation of neurons in cortical area V4.
Simultaneous registration with ct-fluoro matching for spinal navigation surgery. A case report. (2006)

Computer-assisted surgery, which provides simultaneous, multiplanar images of bone structures, has become widely used. However, registration maneuvering remains time consuming. The objective of this paper is to document the usefulness of CT-fluoro matching for spinal navigation. A spinal navigation system (VECTORVISION compact; Brain LAB, Germany) and a digital imaging system (OEC9800; CATHEX, Tokyo, Japan) were used for CT-fluoro matching in cases of L4/5 and L5/S1 posterior lumbar interbody fusion. A reference array was attached to the L4 spinous process. Preoperative CT images and intraoperative fluoro-shots including L4, L5, and S1 were superimposed on the navigation monitor. Following insertion of L4 screws, a reference array remained to be attached to the L4 spinous process, after which a level definition and pre-registration of L5 and S1 vertebrae were performed and the screwing procedure of L5 and S1 was completed without additional fluro-shots. Registration of three vertebrae was completed without paired-point or surface-matching procedures. The calculation time for the registration in a single vertebra was 30 sec. All pedicle screws were seen to be successfully inserted on postoperative CT images. We performed the navigation surgery by matching the preoperative CT images to the intraoperative fluoro-shots without manual registration. This technique may prove useful in the future for anterior spinal surgery and percutaneous screwing without the need for total exposure of the bone surface.
Sensorless speed control of synchronous reluctance motor using a novel flux estimator based on Recursive Fourier Transformation (2009)

This paper proposes a sensorless control of SynRM (synchronous reluctance motor). It can calculate the motor flux from an armature voltage and a current directly. The proposed estimator is able to eliminate both the dc offset and harmonic component of the armature current which cause the estimation error. State observer based Fourier Transformation called RFT (Recursive Fourier Transformation) is effective to estimate the fundamental component of the flux. Also a block pulse approximation is used to convert a continuous time state equation to a difference equation to reduce the calculation time. The validity of the proposed method is shown in the experimental results.
The tropolones (1951)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Vietnam War: Pilot and Air Support Training on U.S. Military Installations Historic Context Subtheme - Final Report (Legacy 17-835A) (2019)

This report provides a historic context and building typology for facilities on DoD installations that specifically supported pilot and air support training during the Vietnam War, 1962-1975.