gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial variation of Aerosol Optical Depth and Solar Irradiance over Delhi -NCR during Summer season (2017)

Present study shows the spatial variation of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), solar irradiance and their association at the urban and rural sites in Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR) during the summer season of the year 2015. Summer-time AOD data from the NASA’s Terra satellite MODIS sensor has been used to study the spatial distribution of aerosols over Delhi and its surrounding rural area. The ground data for the direct and global solar irradiances was collected over this region at urban and rural locations in Delhi and NCR using a Fieldspec Spectro-radiometer. HYSPLIT model has been used for the air mass trajectory analysis. The AOD values were observed to be higher over Delhi compared to the relatively lower AOD in rural area of NCR. The NCR site observed higher average solar irradiances than Delhi during the summer season. This may be because of the higher aerosol concentration in Delhi as compared to its outskirts. Also, this region is affected by the severe dust storm events during the summer season which further increases the aerosol load in the atmosphere. HYSPLIT results show the influence of western Thar Desert air masses on the Delhi-NCR. Windblown as well anthropogenic aerosols play a major role in scattering and absorption of the incoming solar radiation and hence, in governing the micro-climatology of the region.
Human <i>Ether-à-go-go</i>–related Gene K+ Channel Gating Probed with Extracellular Ca2+ (1999)

Human ether-à-go-go-related gene (HERG) encoded K+ channels were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells and studied by whole-cell voltage clamp in the presence of varied extracellular Ca2+ concentrations and physiological external K+. Elevation of external Ca2+ from 1.8 to 10 mM resulted in a reduction of whole-cell K+ current amplitude, slowed activation kinetics, and an increased rate of deactivation. The midpoint of the voltage dependence of activation was also shifted +22.3 +/- 2.5 mV to more depolarized potentials. In contrast, the kinetics and voltage dependence of channel inactivation were hardly affected by increased extracellular Ca2+. Neither Ca2+ screening of diffuse membrane surface charges nor open channel block could explain these changes. However, selective changes in the voltage-dependent activation, but not inactivation gating, account for the effects of Ca2+ on Human ether-à-go-go-related gene current amplitude and kinetics. The differential effects of extracellular Ca2+ on the activation and inactivation gating indicate that these processes have distinct voltage-sensing mechanisms. Thus, Ca2+ appears to directly interact with externally accessible channel residues to alter the membrane potential detected by the activation voltage sensor, yet Ca2+ binding to this site is ineffective in modifying the inactivation gating machinery.
Modeling and Simulation of the Creping Process (2011)

The manufacture of low density paper such as tissue and towel utilizes the creping process that consists of adhesively bonding the paper in wet state onto the surface of a smooth drying cylinder and scraping it off with a blade once the sheet is dry. In this paper, a fracture mechanics description of the creping process is presented. A mechanism of creping process is proposed as a periodic debonding with a mixed-mode fracture criterion with buckling of an elastic thin film. Finite element models validating creping mechanism will also be presented. Numerical calculations show results consistent with experimental data and known industrial observations. The model provides guidance in understanding and optimizing the creping process to produce high quality products.
Specialized adaptation of a lactic acid bacterium to the milk environment: the comparative genomics of Streptococcus thermophilus LMD-9 (2011)

The genome of S. thermophilus LMD-9 is shaped by its domestication in the dairy environment, with gene features that conferred rapid growth in milk, stress response mechanisms and host defense systems that are relevant to its industrial applications. The presence of a unique exopolysaccharide gene cluster and cell surface protein orthologs commonly associated with probiotic functionality revealed potential probiotic applications of LMD-9.
Somatostatin receptor imaging in small cell lung cancer using 111In-DTPA-octreotide (1993)

Small cell lung cancer is a common and aggressive disease. Combined multiagent chemotherapy and radiotherapy can improve short-term prognosis, but long-term prognosis remains dim. Somatostatin receptors have been identified on the cellular surface of subsets of this cancer and may be associated with less aggressive evolution. Moreover, medical therapy with somatostatin analogues holds promise for neoplastic growth control. Planar scintigraphy has been performed in 15 patients with histologically proven small cell lung cancer at 4 and 24 h after the intravenous (i.v.) injection of 185 MBq 111In-octreotide (Octreoscan, BYK-Gulden). No short-term adverse effects were recorded; tumour uptake of the radiopharmaceutical was observed in 13 patients at 4 h and in 12 patients at 24 h suggesting more extensive disease than apparent by computed tomography (CT). It is highly likely that the 24 h uptake reflects the presence of somatostatin receptors on the tumour. Previous chemotherapy does not seem to play a key role in tumour visualization. 111In-octreotide is a suitable radiopharmaceutical for in vivo evaluation of somatostatin receptor status of small cell lung cancer. Quantitative scintigraphic methods are needed to investigate nonspecific binding and receptor kinetics.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyclopropyl Analogues of Fosmidomycin as Potent <i>Plasmodium </i><i>f</i><i>alciparum</i> Growth Inhibitors (2006)

A series of fosmidomycin analogues featuring restricted conformational mobility has been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DOXP) reductoisomerase and as growth inhibitors of P. falciparum. The enantiomerically pure trans-cyclopropyl N-acetyl analogue 3b showed comparable inhibitory activity as fosmidomycin toward E. coli DOXP reductoisomerase and proved equally active when tested in vitro for P. falciparum growth inhibition. Conversely, the alpha-phenyl cis-cyclopropyl analogue 4 showed virtually no inhibition of the enzyme.
Quantization Distortion in Pulse-Count Modulation with Nonuniform Spacing of Levels (1951)

It is shown that the distortion introduced in a pulse-count-modulation system due to quantization can be minimized by nonuniform spacing of levels. Equations are derived for an arrangement of nonuniform level spacing that produces minimum distortion. It is also shown that minimum distortion is significantly less than distortion resulting from uniform quantization when the crest factor of the signal is greater than four.
Farmers’ Understanding of Soil Erosion Hazards and Management Measures in Damot Gale Woreda, Southern Ethiopia (2017)

The extent and speed of soil erosion and the resulting soil degradation is distinguished as a serious threat to the already stressed subsistence agriculture in Ethiopia. A number of measures have been introduced and applied over time to halt the hazards; but its outcome & sustainability was not as expected. This study was undertaken in Damot Gale Woreda, Ethiopia and mainly investigated how farmers’ understand erosion hazards and concerned measures. The data was collected from 103 selected households from two PAs and six villages by using stratified random sampling techniques where wealth status was used for the stratification. The relevant data were generated using a combination of data collection techniques; structured questionnaire, key informants and group discussion methods as well as secondary data sources. Descriptive statistics with appropriate statistical tests were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that, majority of the respondents (95%) have recognized the problem of soil erosion and its hazards on their farm. With the recognition of these problems, farmers were widely applied introduced and traditional practices However, they have also employed other three major improved/introduced: soil bund, grass strip and fanya juu as soil and water conservation measures. The study concludes that future land management policies and strategies should target on the importance of variables such as farmers’ perception on soil erosion impacts, and control measures preferences. Therefore, the difference in such variables should be considered in the design, promotion and implementation of soil conservation practices. Keywords: Farmers’ understanding, Management measures, Soil degradation, Soil erosion
A new XRF spectrometer based on a ring-shaped multi-element silicon drift detector and on X-ray capillary optics (2002)

This paper describes an innovative X-ray fluorescence spectrometer designed to achieve high-energy resolution, position resolution, and detection rate in elemental mapping applications. The spectrometer is based on a ring-shaped monolithic array of silicon drift detectors (SDDs) with a hole cut in its center. A coaxial X-ray excitation beam is transported to the sample through this hole. In this way, the solid angle for the collection of the X-ray fluorescence is optimized. Moreover, the X-ray beam is collimated on the sample using capillary optics in order to obtain high photon density in a small excitation spot. Detector, optics, and generator are assembled in a compact vacuum tightened unit. The structure of the proposed spectrometer and the first experimental results of its characterization are presented.
THE SOLUBILITY OF CHLORINE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF CHLORIDES AND THE FREE ENERGY OF TRICHLORIDE ION (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SOLUBILITY OF CHLORINE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF CHLORIDES AND THE FREE ENERGY OF TRICHLORIDE IONM. S. Sherrill and E. F. IzardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 5, 1667–1674Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01356a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01356a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Properties of Cysteine-containing Phosphoproteins from Human Submandibular-sublingual Saliva (1982)

Cysteine-containing phosphoproteins (CCP) similar to those found in human submandibular-sublingual saliva have also been detected in parotid saliva and tears suggesting a serous origin. No appreciable difference was found in salivary CCP concentrations between caries-susceptible and caries-resistant individuals. CCPadsorbed to hydroxyapatite, and this binding was due in part to phosphate residues. In addition, these molecules inhibited the transformation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, albeit to a lesser extent than statherin.
An anti-adipocyte monoclonal antibody is cytotoxic to porcine preadipocytes in vitro and depresses the development of pig adipose tissue. (1997)

A mouse monoclonal antibody of the IgG2b subclass was raised against porcine adipocyte plasma membranes. This antibody did not cross-react in immunocytofluorescence with any tested cell-type or tissue other than porcine adipocytes. Complement-mediated cytotoxicity was demonstrated in primary cultures of porcine stromal-vascular cells. When the antibody and complement were added to already differentiated cultures, the treatment resulted in elimination of lipid-filled preadipocytes, whereas an early treatment of cultures prevented the appearance of these cells. In vivo, injection of newborn pigs with 1 mg/kg of monoclonal antibody on d 2 and 5 of life produced a more than 20% reduction of subcutaneous and leaf fat lipids at 35 d of age, whereas the lipid content of the longissimus muscle remained unaffected. These results demonstrate that early systemic treatment of pigs with a specific anti-adipocyte antibody reduces the fat mass. In addition to their potential in vivo use, monoclonal antibodies directed against adipose determinants may be useful tools for studying adipocyte lineage.
Visual function after strontium‐90 plaque irradiation in patients with age‐related subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (1999)

Visual function decreases in patients treated with strontium irradiation, but less in eyes showing regression of the CNVM than in eyes with further growth of the CNVM.
Apple Polyphenols Influence Cholesterol Metabolism in Healthy Subjects with Relatively High Body Mass Index (2007)

We performed a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study on moderately obese male and female subjects (71 subjects) with a body mass index ranging from 23 to 30 to evaluate the efficacy of 12-week intake of polyphenols extracted from apples and hop bract (600 mg/day). We confirmed that 12-week ingestion of polyphenol-containing capsules significantly decreased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. The effects of the apple polyphenol-containing capsules were more marked than those of the hop bract polyphenol-containing capsules. The visceral fat area and the level of adiponectin in the group administered apple polyphenols improved in comparison with the control group. Blood and physical examinations revealed on clinical problems, and no adverse reactions were observed during the ingestion period. These results demonstrate that apple polyphenols regulate fat metabolism in healthy subjects with relatively high body mass index.
Inserting foreign peptides into the major coat protein of bacteriophage M13 (1992)

Foreign DNA fragments were inserted into filamentous phage gene VIII to create hybrid B-proteins with foreign sequences in the amino terminus. The hybrid proteins are incorporated into the virions which retain viability and infectivity. Virions with hybrid B-proteins have the same contour length and the same number of B-protein molecules as virions with natural B-proteins. It was shown that for one of hybrid B-proteins the position of the processing site had changed.
Techniques of in vivo neutron activation analysis (1984)

This review explores and compares the techniques devised for applying neutron activation to in vivo analyses and, where possible, suggests which method is to be preferred in particular situations. It is aimed primarily at those who are new to the field and who may be considering adopting these techniques, rather than at experienced practitioners.
Thermally induced nonlinear optical absorption in metamaterial perfect absorbers (2015)

A metamaterial perfect absorber consisting of a tri-layer (Al/ZnS/Al) metal-dielectric-metal system with top aluminium nano-disks was fabricated by laser-interference lithography and lift-off processing. The metamaterial absorber had peak resonant absorbance at 1090 nm and showed nonlinear absorption for 600ps laser pulses at 1064 nm wavelength. A nonlinear saturation of reflectance was measured to be dependent on the average laser power incident and not the peak laser intensity. The nonlinear behaviour is shown to arise from the heating due to the absorbed radiation and photo-thermal changes in the dielectric properties of aluminium. The metamaterial absorber is seen to be damage resistant at large laser intensities of 25 MW/cm2.
Stability of azadirachtin-A in different organic solvents and aqueous solution (1999)

Azadirachtin-A has been found to be more stable in acetone and methanol than in chloroform, methylene chloride, carbon-tetrachloride, ethanol and water at 29±1°C upto 25 days. In ethanol and water, only 15.6 and 15.0% of azadirachtin-A, respectively, was recovered after 25d of incubation.
High-PSR CMOS LDO with embedded ripple feedforward and energy-efficient bandwidth extension (2015)

A CMOS low-dropout regulator (LDO) with high power-supply ripple rejection (PSR) across a wide frequency range is presented and designed in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. Targeting for the application of energy-autonomous biomedical implants, it has a very simple structure and features low power consumption. The high PSR in low frequency range is realized by the proposed embedded supply ripple feed-forward technique. Moreover, the PSR bandwidth is improved up to several MHz by adopting an energy-efficient double zero compensation network. With a 4.7-μF ceramic output capacitor, in the maximum loading condition (i.e., 25 mA), the simulated PSR is no less than -86 dB from DC to 10 kHz, and better than -63 dB up to 10 MHz. The quiescent current is just 10 μA. The line and load regulations are 0.5 mV/V @ 25-mA loading and 0.14 mV/mA @ 1.3-V Vin, respectively. The overshoot and undershoot voltages are less than 2 mV when loading current changes between 0 and 25 mA.
Convolutional neural network for facial expression recognition (2016)

To avoid the complex explicit feature extraction process in traditional expression recognition, a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the facial expression recognition is proposed. Firstly, the ...
Editorial (2002)

This Special Issue of Plant, Cell and Environment was originally to be focused on water stress and the physiological responses that help plants avoid water stress or its deleterious effects. As I was organizing this issue, however, it quickly became apparent that to treat water stress in isolation from osmotic and salt stress would be difficult and counterproductive. As illustrated by the articles in this issue, much insight can be gained by studying the similarities and differences among these stresses. Thus, a better title for this Special Issue would be ‘Plant responses to water stress, osmotic stress, and salt stress, and physiological adaptations to avoid these stresses and their deleterious effects’. Oddly, this title was vetoed by everyone to whom I suggested it, so I was left with the short but rather inaccurate title. ‘Water Stress’, until someone noted that ‘Water Stress’ could mean flooding stress, and I was forced to vield the semantic point and call the issue ‘Drought Stress’. As is often the case with Plant, Cell and Environment, the articles presented in this issue span a range of scales and techniques, so there is no correct or best way to order them. I have attempted to place the articles more or less in order of scale, starting with genetic approaches and ending with interactions between water stress and rising CO2 and the effects of osmoregulation on crop yield. The articles between these two extremes cover the myriad signalling pathways that have been implicated in plants’ response to water stress, the processes governing whole plant water transport, the differences between salt and drought stress, and the effects of water stress on photosynthesis and growth. Taken as a whole, the articles provide an admittedly incomplete, but hopefully still useful, picture of the current state of research on plant responses to low water availability.
Inhibition of nitrovasodilator- and acetylcholine-induced relaxation and cyclic GMP accumulation by the cytochrome P-450 substrate, 7-ethoxyresorufin (1992)

We examined the effect of the cytochrome P-450 substrate, 7-ethoxyresorufin (7-ER), and its corresponding product, resorufin, on nitrovasodilator- and endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated rat aorta. The EC50 value for glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) induced relaxation was increased over 100-fold by 7-ER and less than 3-fold by resorufin. The EC50 value for sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced relaxation was increased approximately 12-fold by 7-ER, acetylcholine (ACh) induced relaxation was abolished, and relaxation induced by isopropylnorepinephrine was not significantly affected. GTN-, SNP-, and ACh-induced increases in cyclic GMP accumulation were inhibited by 7-ER, as were basal cyclic GMP levels in endothelium-intact, but not endothelium-denuded tissues. 7-ER decreased GTN biotransformation in intact aorta and decreased the regioselective formation of glyceryl-1,2-dinitrate. The activation by GTN and SNP of aortic guanylyl cyclase in broken cell preparations was not affected by 7-ER, indicating that the inhibitory effect of 7-ER is probably not due to a direct interaction with guanylyl cyclase. The inhibitory effect of 7-ER on GTN-induced relaxation was not altered by the addition of superoxide dismutase, suggesting that 7-ER does not act by increasing superoxide anion concentration (which would serve to increase the degradation of nitric oxide (NO) formed during vascular GTN biotransformation). Our data provide further evidence for the role of the cytochrome P-450--cytochrome P-450 reductase system in the biotransformation of GTN to an activator (presumably nitric oxide) of guanylyl cyclase. The data are consistent with a mode of action of 7-ER involving either competitive inhibition of vascular cytochrome P-450 or uncoupling of vascular cytochrome P-450 reductase from cytochrome P-450. The data also suggest that the cytochrome P-450 system facilitates NO release from SNP and that 7-ER has an inhibitory effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
Measuring the longitudinal distribution of four-wave mixing efficiency in dispersion-shifted fibers (1994)

We measured and analysed four-wave mixing (FWM) efficiency and fluctuation along the actual dispersion-shifted fibers (DSF's). In the short, 1.1-km DSF, our results agreed with theory, and we also obtained zero-dispersion wavelength /spl lambda//sub 0/, zero-dispersion slope dD/d/spl lambda/, and nonlinear refractive index n/sub 2/ simultaneously. In the long, 23-km, DSF, a high FWM efficiency was observed in the wide wavelength region, due to the longitudinal zero-dispersion wavelength distribution. The fluctuation range was about 3.5 nm and the maximum slope about 1.1 km/nm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selection of the optimum electrospray voltage for gradient elution LC-MS measurements (2008)

Changes in liquid composition during gradient elution liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) analyses affect the electrospray operation. To establish methodologies for judicious selection of the electrospray voltage, we monitored in real time the effect of the LC gradient on the spray current. The optimum range of the electrospray voltage decreased as the concentration of organic solvent in the eluent increased during reversed-phase LC analyses. These results and related observations provided the means to rationally select the voltage to ensure effective electrospray operation throughout gradient-elution LC separations. For analyses in which the electrospray was operated at constant voltage, a small run-to-run variation in the spray current was observed, indicating a changing electric field resulting from fouling or degradation of the emitter. Algorithms using feedback from spray current measurements that can maintain the electrospray voltage within the optimum operating range throughout gradient elution LC-MS were evaluated. The electrospray operation with voltage regulation and at a constant, judiciously selected voltage during gradient elution LC-MS measurements produced data with similar reproducibility.