gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sulfur spinel compounds for multivalent battery cathode applications (2016)

Promising sulfur spinel systems with facile cation mobility are revealed for multivalent cathode applications based on systematical calculation and screening.
Laser-induced etching of silicon at 248 nm by F 2 /Ne (1988)

Laser-induced chemistry is a widely used technique for studying reactions between atoms and molecules. Recently, the use of lasers to initiate, control, or enhance gas-phase etch reactions at solid surfaces has shown promise as a method for providing highly selective etching and as a technique for producing atomically clean surfaces. The present work concerns the investigation, characterization, and development of laser-induced pattern etching of silicon, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride, three important materials used in the semiconductor industry.
Breast Cancer Detection—A Synopsis of Conventional Modalities and the Potential Role of Microwave Imaging (2020)

Global statistics have demonstrated that breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed invasive cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among female patients. Survival following a diagnosis of breast cancer is grossly determined by the stage of the disease at the time of initial diagnosis, highlighting the importance of early detection. Improving early diagnosis will require a multi-faceted approach to optimizing the use of currently available imaging modalities and investigating new methods of detection. The application of microwave technologies in medical diagnostics is an emerging field of research, with breast cancer detection seeing the most significant progress in the last twenty years. In this review, the application of current conventional imaging modalities is discussed, and recurrent shortcomings highlighted. Microwave imaging is rapid and inexpensive. If the preliminary results of its diagnostic capacity are substantiated, microwave technology may offer a non-ionizing, non-invasive, and painless adjunct or stand-alone modality that could possibly be implemented in routine diagnostic breast care.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Program and Erase Charge Distributions in NROM(TM) Devices (2002)

We present a detailed simulation analysis of the program / erase operation of two bit per cell NROM devices. Carrier heating and the consequent distribution along the channel of electrons and holes injected through the Si-SiO interface are studied by means of Monte Carlo device simulation techniques. Results point out that the injection region is very narrow ( nm) for both program and erase, and highlight the role of second bit state and secondary carrier injection on the injected charge distribution. These results provide valuable physical insight in NROM operation, especially useful to achieve optimized device performance.
France du Nord, France du Midi : Les luttes sociales dans les villes du Midi Français, XIII<sup>e</sup>-XV<sup>e</sup> siècles (1947)

Les agitations urbaines qui, du XIII e à la fin du XV e siècle, jalonnent 1’ « automne du moyen âge », ont retenu l'attention des historiens. Ceux-ci n'ont pas eu de peine à en déterminer les principales zones d'extension : Pays-Bas, bords du Rhin, Italie. C'est là que l'essor économique médiéval a créé de grandes -villes industrielles, concentré dans leurs ateliers les premiers prolétariats urbains de l'Europe, tisserands et foulons de Florence, « ongles bleus » de Gand; là aussi qu'au cours du xiv” siècle les révolutions municipales ont jeté à bas les gouvernements oligarchiques. De ce grand drame social Henri Pirenne a tracé un tableau resté classique: Plus récemment, une étude minutieuse des sociétés urbaines a conduit à mieux distinguer des types d'évolution, opposer par exemple au destin d'un grand centre industriel comme Gand celui d'une ville avant tout commerciale comme Liège. Par ailleurs, les documents ont permis de préciser les formes d'exploitation sociale et de reconstituer, entre autres, l'inoubliable figure d'un Jehan Boinebroke, drapier de Douai.
The Detection of Dementia in the Primary Care Setting (2000)

Dementia is often unrecognized and undocumented in private practice settings. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2964-2968
Aspects of Power Consumption in Coherent Fiber-Optical Communication Systems (2017)

The power consumption of coherent fiber-optical communication systems is becoming increasingly important, for both environmental and economical reasons. The data traffic on the Internet is increasing at a faster pace than that at which optical network equipment is becoming more energy efficient, which means that the overall power consumption of the Internet is increasing. In addition, wasted energy leads to higher costs for network operators, through increased electricity expenses but also because the heat generated in the equipment limits how closely it can be packed. This thesis includes power consumption modelling, trade-off studies and investigations of novel schemes that may lead to an improved energy efficiency in future systems. In particular, the power consumption of optical amplifiers is modelled and connected to a performance model based on the Gaussian-noise model. Using these models, the trade-offs between amplifier power consumption and the choice of modulation format and forward-error-correction (FEC) scheme is studied. We find that 16-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation (16QAM) has a lower energy consumption per bit than quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) due to its higher spectral efficiency, and that using a shorter amplifier spacing to improve signal quality may be more energy efficient than using a powerful FEC.Furthermore, the power consumption for a coherent link with minimal digital signal processing (DSP) is studied. We find that when the DSP is minimized, it accounts for below 10% of the power consumption, which is dominated by the optical components.Finally, we demonstrate that the phase-coherence of optical frequency comb lines can be utilized to simplify the carrier-recovery by joint processing of multiple wavelength channels. We use the phase-drift from one wavelength channel to compensate the phase-drift of another one spaced up to 275GHz away with negligible penalty.
Generating and ranking diverse multi-character interactions (2014)

In many application areas, such as animation for pre-visualizing movie sequences and choreography for dance or other types of performance, only a high-level description of the desired scene is provided as input, either written or verbal. Such sparsity, however, lends itself well to the creative process, as the choreographer, animator or director can be given more choice and control of the final scene. Animating scenes with multi-character interactions can be a particularly complex process, as there are many different constraints to enforce and actions to synchronize. Our novel 'generate-and-rank' approach rapidly and semi-automatically generates data-driven multi-character interaction scenes from high-level graphical descriptions composed of simple clauses and phrases. From a database of captured motions, we generate a multitude of plausible candidate scenes. We then efficiently and intelligently rank these scenes in order to recommend a small but high-quality and diverse selection to the user. This set can then be refined by re-ranking or by generating alternatives to specific interactions. While our approach is applicable to any scenes that depict multi-character interactions, we demonstrate its efficacy for choreographing fighting scenes and evaluate it in terms of performance and the diversity and coverage of the results.
Development of apatite‐type oxide ion conductors (2004)

Research into materials displaying oxide ion conductivity is attracting considerable attention due to their potential technological applications in devices such as Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. In this paper, recent work on apatite-type oxide ion conductors is reviewed, showing that a wide range of cation substitutions are possible, due to the flexibility of the apatite structure in accommodating a range of ion sizes. The conductivity studies on these doped samples show that to achieve high oxide ion conduction, non-stoichiometry in terms of cation vacancies and/or oxygen excess is required, with the latter resulting in the highest conductivities. In contrast to most common oxide ion conductors, e.g. perovskite and fluorite in which oxide ion conduction proceeds via oxygen vacancies, the research on these apatite systems suggests that the conductivity involves interstitial oxide ions. With further optimization of these materials, particularly in terms of the Ge-containing systems, significant improvements in conductivity are likely, leading to the very real possibility of the application of apatite-type electrolytes in fuel cell and other applications.
SYSTEMATICS AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF PTYODACTYLUS (REPTILIA: SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE) IN THE LEVANT: 3, EXPERIMENTAL AND NATURAL HYBRIDS OF P. GUTTATUS AND P. PUISEUXI (2013)

ABSTRACT Contact zones between Israeli Ptyodactylus species were evaluated from museum material and hybridization experiments, the first controlled hybridization between gekkonid species. In southern Israel and Sinai P. guttatus and hasselquistii are partly sympatric, occasionally syntopic. Intermediate specimens were absent and experimental hybridization failed. Probably prezygotic isolation operates. In northern Israel, P. guttatus and P. puiseuxi are parapatric; in and near their boundary, occasional putative hybrids occur. These resemble the few laboratory hybrids obtained. No F2 were obtained. Probably the two species are separated by a combination of partial isolating mechanisms.
A Phasemeter for Photoelectric Measurement of Magnetic Fields (1970)

Magnetic fields are sensed by means of the Faraday effect. Corresponding electrical signals in phase quadrature are generated. An auxiliary oscillator is used to obtain a phase modulation proportional to the magnetic field to be measured. Demodulation is performed by a phasemeter described in detail. This phasemeter keeps track of multiples of 2π by digital accumulation and performs linear analog interpolation with an accuracy of 2π/1000. The hybrid digital/analog output has an arbitrarily wide measuring range. In addition, a purely analog output is provided combining the count of increments of 2π with the interpolation. The sampling rate of 40 kHz insures fast measurement response. Results of an experimental magnetic field sensing system incorporating the phasemeter as demodulation unit are presented.
Molecular cloning of a translocation breakpoint hotspot in 22q11 (2007)

It has been well documented that 22q11 contains one of the most rearrangement-prone sites in the human genome, where the breakpoints of a number of constitutional translocations cluster. This breakage-sensitive region is located within one of the remaining unclonable gaps from the human genome project, suggestive of a specific sequence recalcitrant to cloning. In this study, we cloned a part of this gap and identified a novel 595-bp palindromic AT-rich repeat (PATRR). To date we have identified three translocation-associated PATRRs. They have common characteristics: (1) they are AT-rich nearly perfect palindromes, which are several hundred base pairs in length; (2) they possess non-AT-rich regions at both ends of the PATRR; (3) they display another nearby AT-rich region on one side of the PATRR. All of these features imply a potential for DNA secondary structure. Sequence analysis of unrelated individuals indicates no major size polymorphism, but shows minor nucleotide polymorphisms among individuals and cis -morphisms between the proximal and distal arms. Breakpoint analysis of various translocations indicates that double-strand-breakage (DSB) occurs at the center of the palindrome, often accompanied by a small symmetric deletion at the center. The breakpoints share only a small number of identical nucleotides between partner chromosomes. Taken together, these features imply that the DSBs are repaired through nonhomologous end joining or single-strand annealing rather than a homologous recombination pathway. All of these results support a previously proposed paradigm that unusual DNA secondary structure plays a role in the mechanism by which palindrome-mediated translocations occur.
BIOS protection guidelines (2011)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analysis to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's
Macrophages exposed continuously to lipopolysaccharide and other agonists that act via toll-like receptors exhibit a sustained and additive activation state (2001)

These findings indicate that maximal activation by any one TLR pathway does not preclude further activation by another, suggesting that common downstream regulatory components are not limiting. Upon exposure to a TLR agonist, macrophages enter a state of sustained activation in which they continuously sense the presence of a microbial challenge.
[Dosimetric basis for joining large fields of complex configuration during total irradiation of the lymphatic collecting vessels]. (1987)

The paper is concerned with the results of experimental dosimetric studies on an anthropomorphic phantom using thermoluminescent dosimetry at the site of the joining of large fields of complex shape simulating total irradiation of the lymphatic collectors. The studies demonstrated the appropriateness of the joining at a distance of 1 cm between the fields. In such a variant adequate irradiation of the lymphatic system was achieved whereas an increase in a distance between the fields resulted in a risk of recurrence in under-irradiated areas without a significant decrease in radiation dose exposure to healthy organs and tissues.
Disappearance of factor VIII:C antibodies in patients with haemophilia A upon frequent administration of factor VIII in intermediate or low dose (1986)

In 18 haemophilia A patients with antibodies against factor VIII:C (F VIII:c) the effect of regular treatment with factor VIII (F VIII) in intermediate or low dose was studied. All patients with previous maximal F VIII:c antibody levels between 5 and 60 Bethesda Units per millilitre (BU/ml) showed a decrease of antibody level and normal F VIII recovery within 1-2 months. From nine patients with previous maximal antibody levels above 60 BU/ml four showed a decrease of antibody level within 2-26 months. In four young patients F VIII prophylactic therapy was started or continued as soon as there was evidence of F VIII:c antibody activity. In three of these patients F VIII recovery normalized within a few months.
The use of calcium and vitamin D in the management of osteoporosis (2008)

Osteoporosis poses a significant public health issue, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Calcium and vitamin D utilization in the optimization of bone health is often overlooked by patients and health care providers. In addition, the optimal standard of care for osteoporosis should encompass adequate calcium and vitamin D intake. Dietary intake or supplementation with calcium and vitamin D will be reviewed, including recent recommendations for increased vitamin D intake. Compliance to calcium and vitamin D therapy is paramount for effective prevention of osteoporotic fractures. A recently released algorithm (FRAX) estimating absolute fracture risk allows the health care provider to decide when pharmacologic therapy is warranted in addition to calcium and vitamin D. When pharmacologic therapy is advised, continued use of calcium and vitamin D is recommended for optimal fracture risk reduction. A 'bricks and mortar' analogy is often helpful when counseling patients and this analogy will be explained. This manuscript reviews relevant data related to calcium and vitamin D use for patients at risk for fracture due to bone loss.
The IBM Yorktown simulation engine (1986)

The IBM Yorktown Simulation Engine (YSE) is a special-purpose, highly parallel programmable machine for the gate-level simulation of logic. A YSE has been constructed at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center. A full configured YSE could simulate up to two million gates at a speed of over three billion gate simulations per second, it is estimated that a YSE could simulate an IBM 3081 processor, at the gate level, at a rate of 1000 System/370 instructions per second. This paper describes the YSE architecture and software support.
Oxidization of hydrogen sulfide in biogas by manganese (IV) oxide particles (2020)

Hydrogen sulphide is corrosive to most metallic equipment such as pipelines, compressors, gas storage tanks, engines, turbines and other units. It acts as a strong poison for fuel cells and its combustion leads to SO2 emissions. Due to the problems associated with hydrogen sulphide, it is critical to remove it from biogas before further processing. The removal of hydrogen sulphide from biogas using MnO2, which acts as a sorbent and catalyst, was investigated. The research was conducted in a full-scale agriculture biogas plant using chicken manure and maize silage as substrate. The manganese dioxide (manganese (IV) oxide) was derived from the waste products of a water conditioning system, after manganese removal from drinking water. The obtained results showed significantly better adsorption of hydrogen sulphide and faster regeneration of the bed compared to the bed filled with hydrated iron oxides. The H2S concentration in the treated biogas dropped from about 1,650 to 0-5 ppm.
Alzheimer as a Default Mode Network Disease: A Grey Matter, Functional and Structural Connectivity Study (P6.324) (2014)

OBJECTIVES: To compare different anatomical and functional aspects of Default Mode Network (DMN) in mild AD and in aMCI and to verify which of these variables are more affected in these diseases. BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that neurodegenerative diseases might be brain network diseases. DMN is a plausible candidate in AD. METHODS: We evaluated 25 mild AD, 23 aMCI and 27 controls (CTR) age/gender matched. All underwent 3T MRI to evaluate DMN: cortical thickness (GM), diffusion tensor imaging (fractional anisotropy-FA) in the cingulate and parahippocampal fasciculi and Functional Connectivity (FC- frontal and temporal subparts in relation to posterior cingulate cortex). We compared patients and controls in all these measures (GM, FA and FC). We also compared which of these measures were more affected in the patients groups. RESULTS: Comparisons between patients and controls: Temporal GM: AD < CTR (p=0.0003) and aMCI < CTR (p=0.035); Frontal GM: AD < aMCI (p=0.035). Frontal FC: AD < aMCI (p=0.024); Temporal FC: no differences. Cingulate FA: aMCI < AD (p=0.056) and AD < CTR (p=0.039). Parahippocampal FA: AD < CTR (p=0.038). Comparisons between FC, FA and GM measures in aMCI and AD: there is no significant difference between these methods in aMCI. In AD group, Temporal GM is more affected than FA (p=0.026) and than FC (p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: AD spectrum affects different DMN aspects. In Temporal DMN subpart, cortical thickness differentiates AD and controls better than FA and FC.
Aerobic Denitrification of Nitrate Wastewater and Dynamic Analysis of the Microbial Community in a Bio-Ceramic Reactor (2009)

Biological treatment of nitrate wastewater with aerobic denitrifiers in a bio-ceramic reactor was investigated. And denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was used to analyze the stability of microbial community structure. With the influent hydraulic loading 0.75m/h, gas/water ratio 5 ~ 10:1, temperature 15 ~ 23degC ,COD loading rate 1.92 ~ 5.98 kgldrm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ldr d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> -N loading rate 0.60~1.34 kgldrm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ldr d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , high nitrate nitrogen removal was almost achieved 100% and the maximum total nitrogen removal was reached up to 95.73% during stable operation. In addition, the nitrite concentration of effluent was lower. The PCR-DGGE profiles showed that shift of microbial diversity correspond to the effect of nitrate removal and the preponderant populations for aerobic denitrification were steady during the test.
IL-33-mediated IL-13 secretion by ST2+ Treg controls inflammation after lung injury (2019)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is an often fatal disease that develops after acute lung injury and trauma. How released tissue damage signals, or alarmins, orchestrate early inflammatory events is poorly understood. Herein we reveal that IL-33, an alarmin sequestered in the lung epithelium, is required to limit inflammation after injury due to an unappreciated capacity to mediate Foxp3+ Treg control of local cytokines and myeloid populations. Specifically, Il33-/- mice are more susceptible to lung damage-associated morbidity and mortality that is typified by augmented levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and Ly6Chi monocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Local delivery of IL-33 at the time of injury is protective but requires the presence of Treg cells. IL-33 stimulates both mouse and human Tregs to secrete IL-13. Using Foxp3Cre × Il4/Il13fl/fl mice, we show that Treg expression of IL-13 is required to prevent mortality after acute lung injury by controlling local levels of G-CSF, IL-6, and MCP-1 and inhibiting accumulation of Ly6Chi monocytes. Our study identifies a regulatory mechanism involving IL-33 and Treg secretion of IL-13 in response to tissue damage that is instrumental in limiting local inflammatory responses and may shape the myeloid compartment after lung injury.
Macrophage inflammatory protein-3 beta enhances IL-10 production by activated human peripheral blood monocytes and T cells. (1999)

We report that the addition of human macrophage inflammatory protein-3 beta (MIP-3 beta) to cultures of human PBMCs that have been activated with LPS or PHA results in a significant enhancement of IL-10 production. This effect was concentration-dependent, with optimal MIP-3 beta concentrations inducing more than a 5-fold induction of IL-10 from LPS-stimulated PBMCs and a 2- to 3-fold induction of IL-10 from PHA-stimulated PBMCs. In contrast, no significant effect on IL-10 production was observed when 6Ckine, the other reported ligand for human CCR7, or other CC chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta were added to LPS- or PHA-stimulated PBMCs. Similar results were observed using activated purified human peripheral blood monocytes or T cells. Addition of MIP-3 beta to nonactivated PBMCs had no effect on cytokine production. Enhancement of IL-10 production by MIP-3beta correlated with the inhibition of IL-12 p40 and TNF-alpha production by monocytes and with the impairment of IFN-gamma production by T cells, which was reversed by addition of anti-IL-10 Abs to the cultures. The ability of MIP-3 beta to augment IL-10 production correlated with CCR7 mRNA expression and stimulation of intracellular calcium mobilization in both monocytes and T cells. These data indicate that MIP-3 beta acts directly on human monocytes and T cells and suggest that this chemokine is unique among ligands binding to CC receptors due to its ability to modulate inflammatory activity via the enhanced production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.