gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slurry erosion. STP 946 (1984)

This volume introduces the growth of a new industry and the need for testing. Papers cover four major areas of concern: 1. Materials; 2. Process (Fuel) Slurries; 3. Applications; 4. Test Methods. The topics covered are: abrasive wear under wet sliding conditions; four coatings tested for abrasion and erosion performance in silica sand and in Alundum slurries; relative erosivity for coal-water, coal-oil, and petroleum coke-oil slurries; an investigation of the erosivity of particles of several different coals and respective vacuum bottoms from the Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS) coal liquefaction pilot plant of the Exxon Coal Liquefaction Process (ECLP); corrosion and erosion in the limestone slurry scrubber module; slurry erosion-corrosion tests on metallic materials of practical use by both a vibratory apparatus and a jet-in-slit apparatus; a new flow-through slurry test developed by the Bureau of Mines; test devices to simulate erosion wear by friction and impact in dense slurry flow; hydraulic transportation of slurries for short-distance.
Diagnostic and Detection Fault Collapsing for Multiple Output Circuits (2005)

We discuss fault equivalence and dominance relations for multiple output combinational circuits. The conventional definition for equivalence says that "two faults are equivalent if and only if the corresponding faulty circuits have identical output functions". This definition, which is based on indistinguishability of the faults, is extended for multiple output circuits as "two faults of a Boolean circuit are equivalent if and only if the pair of the output functions is identical at each output of the circuit". This is termed as diagnostic equivalence in this paper. "If all tests that detect a fault also detect another fault, not necessarily on the same output, then the two faults are called detection equivalent". Two detection equivalent faults need not be indistinguishable. The definitions for fault dominance follow on similar lines. A novel algorithm based on redundancy identification has been proposed to find the equivalence and dominance collapsed sets based on diagnostic and detection collapsing. Applying the algorithm to a 4-bit ALU would collapse the total fault set of 502 faults to 253 and 155, respectively, according to diagnostic equivalence and dominance. The collapsed sets have 234 and 92 faults, respectively, for detection equivalence and dominance. In comparison, the traditional structural equivalence and dominance collapsing results in 301 and 248 faults, respectively. Finally, we use library-based functional collapsing in a hierarchical system and find that smaller fault sets are obtained with an order of magnitude reduction in CPU time for very large circuits.
Learning users' interests by quality classification in market-based recommender systems (2005)

Recommender systems are widely used to cope with the problem of information overload and, to date, many recommendation methods have been developed. However, no one technique is best for all users in all situations. To combat this, we have previously developed a market-based recommender system that allows multiple agents (each representing a different recommendation method or system) to compete with one another to present their best recommendations to the user. In our system, the marketplace encourages good recommendations by rewarding the corresponding agents who supplied them according to the users' ratings of their suggestions. Moreover, we have theoretically shown how our system incites the agents to bid in a manner that ensures only the best recommendations are presented. To do this effectively in practice, however, each agent needs to be able to classify its recommendations into different internal quality levels, learn the users' interests for these different levels, and then adapt its bidding behavior for the various levels accordingly. To this end, in this paper, we develop a reinforcement learning and Boltzmann exploration strategy that the recommending agents can exploit for these tasks. We then demonstrate that this strategy does indeed help the agents to effectively obtain information about the users' interests which, in turn, speeds up the market convergence and enables the system to rapidly highlight the best recommendations.
A Bench‐Scale Study of Conditioning Behaviour in Oil Sands Slurries (2004)

Abstract Proper conditioning of an oil sand/water slurry is essential for the efficient extraction of bitumen. The conditioning process depends on such variables as ore grade, temperature, mixing intensity, mixing time, and water composition. A technique has been developed in which a microscope and video cameras are used to observe a slurry stirred in a glass cell to evaluate, on a comparative basis, the effect of conditioning parameters on bitumen recovery. Several ores and their blends were studied and found to exhibit large differences in their conditioning behaviour. The method offers the capability of diagnosing ore processability problems and optimizing slurry conditioning.
Immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptide FF (FMRF amide‐like peptide) in the hypothalamo‐neurohypophyseal system of Wistar and Brattleboro rats by light and electron microscopy (1993)

Neuropeptide FF (F8Famide, FMRFamide-like, or morphine modulating peptide) immunoreactivity was localized by light and electron microscopy in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system of Wistar and Brattleboro rats. In Wistar rats neuropeptide FF was present in part of the magnocellular neurones of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in which it was coexpressed with vasopressin. Neuropeptide FF containing fibres were present in the paraventricular and the supraoptic nuclei, and in the central part of the neural lobe. At the electron microscopic level, neuropeptide FF containing nerve terminals in the neural lobe formed synaptoid contacts exclusively with pituicytes. No neuropeptide FF containing neurovascular contacts or contacts with other neuronal structures were observed. In contrast with Wistar rats, neuropeptide FF was almost completely absent in cell bodies of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, and in fibres of the neural lobe in Brattleboro rats. Only a few solitary cells could be observed in these structures. The present results demonstrate that neuropeptide FF coexists with vasopressin within the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. As we did not observe neuropeptide FF containing neurovascular contacts, neuropeptide FF containing nerve terminals probably have a local function within the neural lobe. Neuropeptide FF may be involved in the modulation of oxytocin and vasopressin release, with the pituicyte as an intermediate cell.
Diagnosis Clusters: A New Tool for Analyzing the Content of Ambulatory Medical Care (1983)

A clustering method for the analysis of ambulatory morbidity data is presented. This approach reduces spurious variations resulting from idiosyncratic diagnosis labeling and coding habits of physicians and facilitates the analysis of the content of ambulatory medical care through the use of aggregate morbidity data. The clusters provide a tool that allows for the comparison of the content of practice based on different factors such as provider training, practice organization, and patient characteristics. Ninety-two diagnosis clusters were derived using the 1977 and 1978 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). These clusters incorporate 86 per cent of all ambulatory visits to office-based physicians in the contiguous United States. The clusters were constructed based on the consensus of a group of clinicians including both generalists, as well as selected subspecialists representing the spectrum of ambulatory medical practice. The diagnosis clusters presented are compatible with the International Classification of Diseases (ICDA-8 and ICD-9-CM) and the International Classifications of Health Problems in Primary Care (ICHPPC and ICHPPC-2). Several applications demonstrating the utility of the method are presented, and directions for future applications are suggested.
GLP-1 receptor agonists: A clinical perspective on cardiovascular effects (2012)

The active incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (GLP-1) is a 30-amino acid peptide that exerts glucoregulatory and insulinotropic actions by functioning as an agonist for the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). In addition to its anti-diabetic effects, GLP-1 has demonstrated cardioprotective actions. Here we review the cardiovascular effects of the GLP-1 analogues currently approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, namely exenatide and liraglutide. We discuss their anti-hyperglycaemic efficacy, and offer a clinical perspective of their effects on cardiovascular risk factors such as body weight, blood pressure, heart rate and lipid profiles, as well as their potential consequences on cardiovascular events, such as arrhythmias, heart failure, myocardial infarction and death. Lastly, we briefly review additional GLP-1R agonists in clinical development.
Biomass Gasification for Gas Turbine Based Power Generation (1997)

The Biomass Power Program of the US Department of Energy (DOE) has as a major goal the development of cost-competitive technologies for the production of power from renewable biomass crops. The gasification of biomass provides the potential to meet his goal by efficiently and economically producing a renewable source of a clean gaseous fuel suitable for use in high efficiency gas turbines. This paper discusses the development and first commercial demonstration of the Battelle high-throughput gasification process for power generation systems. Projected process economics are presented along with a description of current experimental operations coupling a gas turbine power generation system to the research scale gasifier and the process scaleup activities in Burlington, Vermont.
Characterization of the Formation of the Pyrrole Moiety during Clorobiocin and Coumermycin A<sub>1</sub> Biosynthesis (2005)

The aminocoumarin antibiotics clorobiocin and coumermycin A(1) target the B subunit of DNA gyrase by presentation of the 5-methyl-pyrrolyl-2-carboxy ester moiety in the ATP-binding site of the enzyme. The pyrrolyl pharmacophore is derived by a four electron oxidation of a prolyl unit while tethered in phosphopantetheinyl thioester linkage to a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) subunit. l-Proline is selected and activated as l-prolyl-AMP by adenylation domain enzymes (CloN4 and CouN4) and then installed as the thioester on the holo form of the PCP proteins CloN5 and CouN5. Enzymatic oxidation of the prolyl-S-PCP by the flavoprotein dehydrogenase CloN3 can be followed by rapid quench and subsequent electrospray ionization-Fourier transform mass spectrometry analysis of the acyl-S-protein substrate/product mixture to establish that a two-electron oxidized pyrrolinyl-S-enzyme transiently accumulates on the way to the four-electron oxidized, heteroaromatic pyrrolyl-2-carboxy-S-PCP acyl enzyme product.
A quantitative association study of SLC25A12 and restricted repetitive behavior traits in autism spectrum disorders (2011)

This study confirmed an association between SLC25A12 and RRB traits in ASDs, but the direction of the association was different from that in the initial study. This could be due to the examined SLC25A12 SNPs being in linkage disequilibrium with another risk allele, and/or genetic/phenotypic heterogeneity of the ASD samples across studies.
Self-mixing laser speckle velocimeter for blood flow measurement (2000)

A velocimeter using speckle phenomena in self-mixing laser diodes (SM-LDs) is used to evaluate the blood flow noninvasively. The mean frequency of the speckle signal obtained from the self-mixing laser diode reflects the activity of the blood flow in a certain probing area. The experimental results show that this new type of speckle velocimeter can be useful for the relative evaluation of blood flow in human tissues.
Bone sawing and milling in computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty (2009)

In total knee arthroplasty, poor limb alignment has been correlated to early failures requiring revision surgery. This thesis therefore addresses three questions: (1) How repeatable and accurate is the conventional sawing process? (2) Could a milling tool produce better results? (3) How can we optimize the milling process for clinical application? (1) Based on 85 resections performed by eight orthopaedic surgeons on 19 cadaveric femurs and tibias, I estimate the varus/valgus alignment variability associated with making two bone cuts to be ~0.8° SD for expert surgeons and ~1.4° SD for less experienced surgeons (taking √2 x the variability associated with a single cut at 95% confidence). In flexion/extension, alignment precision is estimated to be worse at over 2° SD for the group. A significant bias of ~1° in extension due to saw-blade defection on open guide surfaces was detected. Slotted cutting guides eliminated the bias in the sagittal plane but did not significantly improve frontal plane alignment variability. (2) A novel milling technique is designed and developed to improve cutting precision. Six operators performed a total of 62 cuts on 25 porcine femurs and tibias with the milling technique. The overall varus/valgus alignment variability is estimated to be ~0.6° SD (√2 x °SD at 95% confidence) with the milling instrumentation, regardless of the experience of the operator. Similar improvements were observed in flexion/extension, with an estimated alignment variability of ~1.2° SD (compared with >2°) and no significant bias for the milling instrumentation. (3) A bone-milling model was formulated based on the specific cutting energy of cortical bone, which I estimated from orthogonal cutting tests in the literature. A non-linear model was used to estimate resection accuracy under several different conditions, by solving for the quasi-static deflection of the tool in the direction normal to the cutting surface. Simulation results indicated that resection accuracy could potentially be improved by simply optimizing the surgical parameters of the cutting technique (for example, increasing the feed rate - depth of cut ratio). Alternatively, one could maintain accuracy while improving cutting time.
SUCCESSFUL AND NOT SO SUCCESSFUL CHEMOPREVENTION OF TOBACCO SMOKE-INDUCED LUNG TUMORS (2000)

Strain A/J mice underwent whole body exposure for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, for 5 months to a mixture of cigarette sidestream and mainstream smoke (89%-11%; total suspended particulates 80-150 mg/m3), then were kept for another 4 months in air before being killed for scoring of lung tumors. In 7 independent experiments, lung tumor multiplicity was significantly increased in all 7 trials and lung tumor incidence in 5. When animals were kept for 9 months in smoke, lung tumor multiplicity was not significantly higher than in controls, although lung tumor incidence was. The following chemopreventive agents were evaluated: green tea, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), p-XSC (1,4-phenylenebis[methylene]selenocyanate), d-limonene (DL), and a mixture of PEITC and BITC (benzyl isothiocyanate). In animals exposed to tobacco smoke, none of these agents reduced lung tumor multiplicity or incidence. As a control, the effects of the same agents were examined in A/J mice initiated with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) or urethane. In mice injected with NNK, green tea and ASA did not reduce lung tumor multiplicities and NAC had no effect on urethane-induced lung tumors, whereas PEITC, p-XSC and DL reduced NNK-induced tumor multiplicities to 20% to 50% of control values. On the other hand, dietary mixture of myoinositol and dexamethasone was not only highly protective against NNK, but reduced lung tumor multiplicities and incidence in smoke-exposed animals to control values. This effect was also seen when the animals were fed the myo-inositol-dexamethasone mixture once they were removed from smoke. It is concluded that in animal studies it might be preferable to evaluate the effectiveness of putative chemopreventive agents against full tobacco smoke rather than against selected model compounds. The observations made with myo-inositol-dexamethasone suggest that people who have recently quit smoking might benefit the most from active chemoprevention.
Deep hashing for large-scale image retrieval (2017)

In recent years, because of its ability to improve the retrieval efficiency and reduce the storage space, the image hashing methods based on deep learning have got widely attention in large-scale image retrieval system. At first, this paper introduces the development of the deep learning network, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the deep hashing methods combined with convolutional network and hashing algorithm in current trend. And then it summarizes the research status of the traditional hashing, compares the deep hashing methods and the traditional hashing, points out the great potential of the large-scale image retrieval technology based on the deep hashing. Finally, combined with the existing hashing learning framework based on deep convolution neural network, we put forward some suggestions.
Earthquake induced soft sediment deformation (seismites): new data from the Early Triassic Guryul Ravine section (Kashmir) (2014)

At the classical Guryul ravine section of Kashmir, the Permo-Triassic (P-T) boundary is located about 3 m above the base of the Khunamuh Formation. Brookfield et al. (2013) proposed that the deposits straddling the boundary between the Khunamuh Formation and the underlying, Permian Zewan Formation are Siberian Traps-induced seismites overlain by tsunamites. These deposits have been subject to a divergent re-interpretation by Krystyn et al. (2014), who rejected a Siberian-Traps origin.\nHere, we report the discovery of highly contorted beds at the top of a 7 m. thick, thin-bedded, light beige nodular lime mudstone, a new lithological unit recorded in the Early Triassic Khunamuh Formation, 120 m above the top of the Zewan Formation. These contorted beds, about 1 m thick, are showing typical earthquake induced soft sediment deformations, similar to the latest Permian in the lower part of the section. This new nodular limestone is of early Spathian age as indicated by our conodont sampling and crops out at the base of a cliff-forming limestone interval named Niti Limestone throughout the Tethys Himalaya area since the 19th century.\nIt is interesting to note that both latest Permian and early Spathian seismites occur at a marked lithological change, i.e. a shift in the depositional settings. The latest Permian seismite occurs on a delta ramp with mixed quartzose sand, silt and shelly carbonate lenses, storm influenced deposits, followed by an abrupt contact with the overlying deeper, thin- bedded and siliceous clay mud turbidite deposits and rare lime mud lenses. The early Spathian one is intercalated at the top of a distal ramp nodular limestone deposits, just at the change to the shallower thick-bedded Niti limestone.\nThe latest Permian seismic activity coincides with a platform drowning during a transgressive phase and the early Spathian one occurred during a platform uplift, also during a transgressive phase. Both may conceivably have been driven by recurrent phases of syn-sedimentary block faulting of the northern Indian passive margin. In this, we agree with the conclusions of Krystyn et al. (2014) that any relation between the local occurrences of seismites-tsunamites and the eruption of the Siberian traps is unlikely.\nYet, we must keep in mind that both coincide also with global shifts in the geochemical, sedimentological, paleontological and climate records.
C‐Substitution von Nucleosiden mit Hilfe der Eschenmoserschen Sulfid‐Kontraktion (1976)

Substituierte Nucleoside oder Nucleotide, die den Substituenten am C‐Atom in α‐ oder γ‐Stellung zu den heterocyclischen N‐Atomen tragen, wurden bislang kaum untersucht. Sie lassen sich mit Hilfe der Eschenmoserschen Sulfid‐Kontraktion synthetisieren. magnified image
Dynamic <i>In Vivo</i> Measurement of Erythrocyte Velocity and Flow in Capillaries and of Microvessel Diameter in the Rat Brain by Confocal Laser Microscopy (1999)

A new method for studying brain microcirculation is described. Both fluorescently labeled erythrocytes and plasma were visualized on-line through a closed cranial window in anesthetized rats, using laser-scanning two-dimension confocal microscopy. Video images of capillaries, arterioles, and venules were digitized off-line to measure microvessel diameter and labeled erythrocyte flow and velocity in parenchymal capillaries up to 200 microm beneath the brain surface. The method was used to analyze the rapid adaptation of microcirculation to a brief decrease in perfusion pressure. Twenty-second periods of forebrain ischemia were induced using the tour-vessel occlusion model in eight rats. EEG, arterial blood pressure, and body temperature were continuously controlled. In all conditions, labeled erythrocyte flow and velocity were both very heterogeneous in capillaries. During ischemia, capillary perfusion was close to 0, but a low blood flow persisted in arterioles and venules, while EEG was flattening. The arteriole and venule diameter did not significantly change. At the unclamping of carotid arteries, there was an instantaneous increase (by about 150%) of arteriole diameter. Capillary erythrocyte flow and velocity increased within 5 seconds, up to, respectively, 346 +/- 229% and 233 +/- 156% of their basal value. No capillary recruitment of erythrocytes was detected. All variables returned to their basal levels within less than 100 seconds after declamping. The data are discussed in terms of a possible involvement of shear stress in the reperfusion period.
TIGIT mediated T cell exhaustion in cancer is dependent on TIGIT/CD226 interaction (TUM2P.907) (2014)

Abstract The generation of blocking antibodies against co-inhibitory receptors involved in T cell exhaustion is a recent key strategy for cancer immunotherapy. We have shown that co-blockade of TIGIT and PD-L1 results in tumor rejection by restoring the function of exhausted tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. We were then interesting in deciphering the molecular mechanism of action of this anti-TIGIT blocking antibody. We hypothesized that TIGIT might inhibit a complementary co-activating receptor. Interestingly, TIGIT expression on tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cell was correlated with CD226, which binds a common receptor PVR. To better understand the relationship between these co-receptors, we utilized Time-resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy (TR-FRET), a technology that allows for monitoring of cell surface protein interactions in real time. We showed that CD226 forms homodimers, and that co-expression of CD226 with TIGIT results in 1) the attenuation of CD226 self-association and 2) the formation of a TIGIT/CD226 complex in cis. Strikingly, anti-TIGIT antibody causes a significant decrease of the TIGIT/CD226 interaction. These observations indicate that the interaction of CD226 and TIGIT may play a central role in the antitumor effects of anti-TIGIT. Indeed, anti-CD226 antibodies blocked the ability of anti-PD-L1/anti-TIGIT to inhibit tumor growth in mice. Altogether, these results depict a close relationship between TIGIT and CD226 in CD8+ mediated T cell exhaustion.