gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binary instrumentation and transformation for software security applications (2015)

The capabilities of software analysis and manipulation are crucial to counter software security threats such as malware and vulnerabilities. Binary instrumentation and transformation are the essential techniques to enable software analysis and manipulation. However, existing approaches fail to meet requirements (e.g. flexibility, transparency) specific in software security applications. In this dissertation, we design and implement binary instrumentation and transformation systems specifically for software security applications. First, we present BISTRO, a static binary transformation framework that can extract/embed binary components from/into existing binaries without source code, symbolic or relocation information. We propose two algorithms to patch both direct and indirect control-flow transfer instructions when performing static binary transformation. Second, we present SPIDER, a dynamic binary instrumentation framework that enables efficient instruction-level instrumentation that is transparent to the instrumented binary program. In SPIDER, we propose a novel instrumentation primitive based on hardware virtualization called invisible breakpoint to replace traditional software breakpoint for better transparency, and design an algorithm to monitor the virtual-to-physical address mapping in hardware memory virtualization. Finally, we present iRiS, an iOS application vetting system for detecting private API uses. We propose a novel analysis of iOS applications using a combination of static analysis and dynamic binary instrumentation, and build iRiS on top of a dynamic binary instrumentation framework ported to iOS by us. We build the prototypes of the three aforementioned systems and evaluate their performance against real-world binary programs. BISTRO is able to transform large-scale binary programs such as Adobe Reader, and incurs trivial runtime overhead (1.9% on average) and small space overhead (11% on average). SPIDER remains transparent against all state-of-the-art anti-instrumentation detections, and incurs reasonable overhead which is similar to hardware breakpoint. We also apply BISTRO and SPIDER in five scenarios to demonstrate their effectiveness in software security applications. iRiS successfully identified 149 (7%) malicious applications from 2019 applications that have passed the official application vetting process of iOS. From these malicious applications, iRiS has found the usage of a total number of 153 different private APIs including 28 security-critical APIs that access sensitive user information such as device serial number.
Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage in Human Disease (2006)

Oxidative/nitrosative stress, a pervasive condition of increased amounts of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, is now recognized to be a prominent feature of many acute and chronic diseases and even of the normal aging process. However, definitive evidence for this association has often been lacking because of recognized shortcomings with biomarkers and/or methods available to assess oxidative stress status in humans. Emphasis is now being placed on biomarkers of oxidative stress, which are objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to therapeutic intervention. To be a predictor of disease, a biomarker must be validated. Validation criteria include intrinsic qualities such as specificity, sensitivity, degree of inter- and intraindividual variability, and knowledge of the confounding and modifying factors. In addition, characteristics of the sampling and analytical procedures are of relevance, including constraints and noninvasiveness of sampling, stability of potential biomarkers, and the simplicity, sensitivity, specificity, and speed of the analytical method. Here we discuss some of the more commonly used biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative damage and include selected examples of human studies.
Yarn Feeding Compensation Algorithm and Implementation for Needbar Transverse Shifting of Carpet Tufting Machine (2011)

The needle bar transverse shifting will likely form the stop mark liked gap on the tufted carpet. This paper proposed the yarn feeding compensation scheme and illustrate implement method in detail. Through analysis the change in yarn feeding path and loop pile forming of carpet tufting machine, construct the mathematical model of length change of yarn feeding in path and usage of loop pile forming while needle bar shifting. According to the mathematical model for yarn feeding compensation, calculate the additional yarn feeding requirement. Base on jacquard control principle, dynamic control the yarn feed actuator to drive the yarn feed roller to delivery additional length yarn, and produce loop pile with predefined pile height, Test result show the compensation is feasible.
Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate(cAMP)/cAMP-Responsive Element Modulator (CREM)-Dependent Regulation of Cholesterogenic Lanosterol 14α-Demethylase (CYP51) in Spermatids (1999)

Lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) produces MAS sterols, intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis that can reinitiate meiosis in mouse oocytes. As a cholesterogenic gene, CYP51 is regulated by a sterol/sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-dependent pathway in liver and other somatic tissue. In testis, however, cAMP/cAMP-responsive element modulator CREMtau-dependent regulation of CYP51 predominates, leading to increased levels of shortened CYP51 mRNA transcripts. CREM-/- mice lack the abundant germ cell-specific CYP51 mRNAs in testis while expression of somatic CYP51 transcripts is unaffected. The mRNA levels of squalene synthase (an enzyme preceding CYP51 in cholesterol biosynthesis in testis of CREM-/- mice are unchanged as compared with wild-type animals, showing that regulation by CREMtau is not characteristic for all cholesterogenic genes expressed during spermatogenesis. The -334/+314 bp CYP51 region can mediate both the sterol/SREBP-dependent as well as the cAMP/CREMtau-dependent transcriptional activation. SREBP-1a from somatic cell nuclear extracts binds to a conserved CYP51-SRE1 element in the CYP51 proximal promoter. The cAMP-dependent transcriptional activator CREMtau from germ cell nuclear extracts binds to a conserved CYP51-CRE2 element while no SREBP-1 binding is observed in germ cells. The two regulatory pathways mediating expression of CYP51 describe this gene as a cholesterogenic gene (SREBP-dependent expression in liver and other somatic cells) and also as a haploid expressed gene (CREMtau-dependent expression in haploid male germ cells). While in somatic cells all genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis are regulated coordinately by the sterol/SREBP-signaling pathway, male germ cells contain alternate routes to control expression of cholesterogenic genes.
Intramedullary Nailing of Clavicular Midshaft Fractures with the Titanium Elastic Nail (2008)

Intramedullary nailing of clavicular midshaft fractures using the titanium elastic nail is a technically demanding operation with various complications in the postoperative phase. This study might explain why the implant has not yet achieved widespread application, despite the fact that other authors have reported good results. Amending the operative technique and postoperative treatment might improve the outcome in the future.
Cadmium in Kidney Cortex, Liver, and Pancreas from Swedish Autopsies (1976)

Cadmium and zinc have been analyzed in tissues from 292 persons autopsied in Stockholm. In kidney cortex, liver, and pancreas the individual cadmium levels are distributed in a lognormal way. In kidney cortex there is a continuous accumulation of cadmium with age up to 50 years, followed by a decrease. Smokers show a higher cadmium accumulation. For nonsmokers, the biological half time of cadmium in kidney cortex is estimated at 30 years, with an average concentration at age 50 of 11 mug/g wet weight. When smokers are included, the average cadmium concentration at age 50 is 22 mug/g wet weight. Based on the more pronounced cadmium accumulation among smokers than nonsmokers, the respiratory absorption rate of cadmium from tobacco smoke is estimated to be approximately 50%.
Preparation of Low Sodium Chloride Containing Soy Sauce Using Amino Acid Based Saltiness Enhancers (1995)

Journal Article Preparation of Low Sodium Chloride Containing Soy Sauce Using Amino Acid Based Saltiness Enhancers Get access Daisuke Segawa, Daisuke Segawa Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 724, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kozo Nakamura, Kozo Nakamura Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 724, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rie Kuramitsu, Rie Kuramitsu Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 724, JapanDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of General Education, Akashi College of Technology, Uozumi, Akashi, Hyogo 674, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shunsuke Muramatsu, Shunsuke Muramatsu Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 724, JapanTenyo Takeda Co., Ltd., 9-30 Saiwai-cho, Kofu, Yamanashi 400, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshihito Sano, Yoshihito Sano Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 724, JapanTenyo Takeda Co., Ltd., 9-30 Saiwai-cho, Kofu, Yamanashi 400, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuyuki Uzuka, Yasuyuki Uzuka Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 724, JapanDepartment of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Yamanashi University, Kofu, Yamanashi 400, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masahiro Tamura, Masahiro Tamura Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 724, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideo Okai Hideo Okai Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 724, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 59, Issue 1, 1 January 1995, Pages 35–39, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.35 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 06 June 1994 Published: 01 January 1995
Pulmonary and leg VO2 during submaximal exercise: implications for muscular efficiency (1992)

Insights into muscle energetics during exercise (e.g., muscular efficiency) are often inferred from measurements of pulmonary gas exchange. This procedure presupposes that changes of pulmonary O2 (VO2) associated with increases of external work reflect accurately the increased muscle VO2. The present investigation addressed this issue directly by making simultaneous determinations of pulmonary and leg VO2 over a range of work rates calculated to elicit 20-90% of maximum VO2 on the basis of prior incremental (25 or 30 W/min) cycle ergometry. VO2 for both legs was calculated as the product of twice one-leg blood flow (constant-infusion thermodilution) and arteriovenous O2 content difference across the leg. Measurements were made 3-5 min after each work rate imposition to avoid incorporation of the VO2 slow component above the lactate threshold. For all 17 subjects, the slope of pulmonary VO2 (9.9 +/- 0.2 ml O2.W-1.min-1) was not different (P greater than 0.05) from that for leg VO2 (9.2 +/- 0.6 ml O2.W-1.min-1). Estimation of "delta" efficiency (i.e., delta work accomplished divided by delta energy expended, calculated from slope of VO2 vs. work rate and a caloric equivalent for O2 of 4.985 cal/ml) using pulmonary VO2 measurements (29.1 +/- 0.6%) was likewise not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from that made using leg VO2 measurements (33.7 +/- 2.4%). These data suggest that the net VO2 cost of metabolic "support" processes outside the exercising legs changes little over a relatively broad range of exercise intensities. Thus, under the conditions of this investigation, changes of VO2 measured from expired gas reflected closely those occurring within the exercising legs.
Three heads are better than one? (2002)

Health minister with responsibility for emergency care Hazel Blears helped launch a £1.4 million NHS walk-in centre in St Helens, Merseyside, last month. As part of her tour of emergency services in the area, she met walk-in centre nurse clinician Sarah Chippington and patient Shaun Kenny. The nurse-led centre will help bring health, social and voluntary services under one roof.
Identification of tumor antigens in renal cell carcinoma by serological proteome analysis (2001)

We have investigated the suitability of proteomics for identification of tumor-associated antigens. First, we compared the proteomes of nontumorous kidney and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and silver staining. Protein patterns were markedly different (∼800 spots in RCCs versus ∼1400 spots in kidney). 2-DE immunoblotting revealed five RCC-specific spots, reproducibly reactive with RCC-patient but not healthy donor control sera. Two of these antigens were isolated by preparative 2-DE, and identified by Edman sequencing of tryptic peptides. The first antigen, smooth muscle protein 22-alpha (SM22-α), is an actin-binding protein of unknown function predominantly expressed in smooth muscle cells. In situ hybridization revealed that SM22-α is not expressed in the malignant cells but in mesenchymal cells of the tumor stroma. The second antigen represents carbonic anhydrase I (CAI), an isoform usually not expressed in kidney. Interestingly, a different isoform (CAXII) has previously been identified by serological expression cloning as an antigen overexpressed in some RCCs. In additional assays, antibodies to recombinant CAI or SM22-α were detected in sera from 3/11 or 5/11 RCC patients, respectively, whereas sera from 13 healthy individuals did not react. In conclusion, serological proteome analysis may be a new tool for the identification of tumor-associated antigens.
A computational model for separating two simultaneous talkers (2005)

This paper describes a computational model that attempts to separate two simultaneous talkers. The goal of this model is to improve a speech recognition system's ability to recognize what each of the two talkers say. The model consists of the following stages: (1) an iterative dynamic programming algorithm to track the pitch period for each of the two talkers, (2) a Markov model to determine the characteristics (e.g. voiced-unvoiced) of each speaker's voice, (3) a recursive algorithm that uses both local periodicity information and local spectral continuity constraints to compute a spectral estimate of each talker, (4) a resynthesis algorithm to convert the spectral estimate of each talker into a speech waveform, and (5) a speaker-independent continuous-digit-recognition system that attempts to recognize what each of two talkers is saying. The system was trained and tested on a database of simultaneous digit strings spoken by a male and female talker. An evaluation of the different stages of this model is presented.
Robust Transmission of MPEG-4 Video : Start Codes Substitution and Length Field Insertion Assisted Unequal Error Protection (2001)

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 , Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche
Influences of Pump-Beam Focusing Conditions on a Laser-Diode-Pumped Microchip Nd:YVO<sub> 4</sub> Laser (1999)

The input-output characteristics of a laser-diode-pumped microchip-type Nd:YVO 4 solid-state laser under different pump-beam focusing conditions are investigated. The beat phenomenon due to the mismatch between the spot sizes of the pump beam and the lasing mode is also explored and analyzed.
Urinary Metabolomics to Identify a Unique Biomarker Panel for Detecting Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Study (2019)

A urinary metabolomic biomarker panel was identified for colorectal cancer with the potential of clinical application.
Alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)—the Natural Antioxidant for Polyolefins (1992)

The antioxidant effect of alpha-tocopherol (ATP) in biological systems, where it is better known as vitamin E, has been well-documented. However, the potential use of ATP as a stabilizer in polymers had had only limited evaluation, so several studies were commissioned to obtain reliable and relevant data pertaining to the capability of ATP as a polymer additive. Data showed that ATP offers several distinct advantages in polymer stabiliza tion. Besides its environmental safety, it is also an excellent processing stabi lizer and, in combination with synergistic additives, a superior color stabilizer. Thermal stability of the product is excellent, with no significant weight loss un til almost 300°C. Migration into food product, a critical concern with most other additives, is negligible because of ATP's limited volatility and is also of little concern because of its GRAS (FDA's "generally recognized as safe") status. Furthermore, even the breakdown products (mostly tocopherol quinone compounds) are harmless.
Studies on DNAase-Sensitive Antigens of Brucella abortus by Complement-Fixation. (1961)

Complement-fixation has proved to be a rapid, sensitive method of testing DNA preparations obtained from Brucella abortus for DNAase-sensitive antigens, and similarly, for analyzing antisera for possible antibodies against DNAase-sensitive antigens. Considerable variation in such antigens has been found among various DNA-rich preparations isolated from the same Brucella abortus strain and among antisera prepared against such preparations. The percentage of rabbits that yielded antibodies against DNAase-sensitive antigens following immunization with a preparation selected for DNAase-sensitive antigens was greater than that obtained in prior studies with unselected immunizing preparations.
A placebo-controlled trial of aprepitant for cough in lung cancer. (2015)

2 Background: There are no evidence-based therapies for cough in lung cancer (LC).The neurokinin-1 (NK-1) pathway is implicated in cough. Aprepitant is an NK-1 antagonist used as an antiemetic. We assess aprepitant as an antitussive, using objective daytime ambulatory cough monitoring (ACM) as the primary endpoint. Methods: LC patients with a “bothersome” cough were enrolled on an exploratory single-arm randomised double-blind crossover trial and received 125mg aprepitant on day 1 and 80mg on days 2 and 3 or matched placebo capsules. After a 3 day wash out,patients crossed over to placebo or aprepitant for 3 days (days 7-9). They completed ACM and validated subjective cough tools. Results: 20 LC patients were enrolled between 7th Oct 2013-3rd Nov 2014; mean age 66 yrs (SD 7.69); 60% (n=12) female; 70% (n=14) ex, 25% (n=5) current and 5% (n=1) never smokers respectively. 20% (n=4), 55% (n=11) and 25% (n=5) had a performance status of 0, 1 and 2 respectively. The majority (80% n=16) had non-small cell LC; half (n=10) had advanced stage; 20% (n=4) were on anticancer therapy. Daytime cough frequency was 15.9 (95%CI 10.1-28.3 n=19), 12.8 (95% CI 8.7-18.8 n=18) and 16.2 (11.3-23.0 n=19) coughs/hr at baseline, on aprepitant and on placebo respectively: p=0.03. Visual analogue scale scores (range 0-100, high score=worse severity) were 57.0mm (95% CI 47.4-67.2 n=19), 40.8mm, (95%CI 34.3-47.3 n=18), and 49.8mm (95%CI 44.2-55.4 n=19) at baseline, on aprepitant and on placebo respectively: p=0.008. The Manchester Cough in Lung Cancer Scale score (range 1-50, high score = worse cough impact) was 25.2 (95%CI 23.0-28.0 n=19), 19.5 (95%CI 17.8-21.2 n=18) and 21.7 (20.3-23.1 n=18) at baseline, on aprepitant and on placebo respectively: p<0.001.There were no serious adverse events. Conclusions: This is the first trial to assess the efficacy of a novel antitussive using validated subjective and objective cough tools in LC and the first to investigate a centrally acting NK-1 antagonist in humans. Aprepitant treatment was associated with statistically significant improvements in objective and subjective scores. The NK-1 receptors may be key mediators in cough in LC. It is possible to run a robust trial using validated measures with clinically meaningful endpoints in a LC population. Clinical trial information: ISRCTN16200035.
AUTOMATIC FITNESS IN GENERATIVE JAZZ IMPROVISATION (2008)

Recent work by the author has revealed the need for an automatic fitness function in the evolutionary algorithm for generation of jazz solos. A computer based automatic fitness function enables greater populations and a great number of generations within a manageable time. This paper describes how the automatic fitness function is implemented using score calculation based on specific events recognized in the solo line and alignment to different optimal intensity curves.
Temporal image stacking for noise reduction and dynamic range improvement (2013)

The dynamic range of an imager is determined by the ratio of the pixel well capacity to the noise floor. As the scene dynamic range becomes larger than the imager dynamic range, the choices are to saturate some parts of the scene or “bury” others in noise. In this paper we propose an algorithm that produces high dynamic range images by “stacking” sequentially captured frames which reduces the noise and creates additional bits. The frame stacking is done by frame alignment subject to a projective transform and temporal anisotropic diffusion. The noise sources contributing to the noise floor are the sensor heat noise, the quantization noise, and the sensor fixed pattern noise. We demonstrate that by stacking images the quantization and heat noise are reduced and the decrease is limited only by the fixed pattern noise. As the noise is reduced, the resulting cleaner image enables the use of adaptive tone mapping algorithms which render HDR images in an 8-bit container without significant noise increase.
Bayesian networks classifiers applied to documents (2003)

This paper discusses the use of the Bayesian network model for a classification problem related to the document image understanding field. Our application is focused on logical labeling in documents, which consists in assigning logical labels to text blocks. The objective is to map a set of logical tags, composing the document logical structure, to the physical text components. We build a Bayesian network model that allows this mapping using supervised learning, and without imposing a priori constraints on the document structure. The learning strategy is based partly on genetic programming tools. A prototype has been implemented, and tested on tables of contents found in periodicals and magazines.