gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biotransformation and Volatilization of Arsenic by Three Photosynthetic Cyanobacteria (2011)

Arsenic (As) is a pervasive and ubiquitous environmental toxin that has created worldwide human health problems. However, there are few studies about how organisms detoxify As. Cyanobacteria are capable of both photolithotrophic growth in the light and heterotrophic growth in the dark and are ubiquitous in soils, aquatic systems, and wetlands. In this study, we investigated As biotransformation in three cyanobacterial species (Microcystis sp. PCC7806, Nostoc sp. PCC7120, and Synechocystis sp. PCC6803). Each accumulated large amounts of As, up to 0.39 g kg(-1) dry weight, 0.45 g kg(-1) dry weight, and 0.38 g kg(-1) dry weight when treated with 100 μM sodium arsenite for 14 d, respectively. Inorganic arsenate and arsenite were the predominant species, with arsenate making up >80% of total As; methylated arsenicals were detected following exposure to higher As concentrations. When treated with arsenate for 6 weeks, cells of each cyanobacterium produced volatile arsenicals. The genes encoding the As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase (ArsM) were cloned from these three cyanobacteria. When expressed in an As-hypersensitive strain of Escherichia coli, each conferred resistance to arsenite. Two of the ArsM homologs (SsArsM from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and NsArsM from Nostoc sp. PCC7120) were purified and were shown to methylate arsenite in vitro with trimethylarsine as the end product. Given that ArsM homologs are widespread in cyanobacteria, we propose that they play an important role in As biogeochemistry.
Anaerobic transformation and toxicity of trichlorophenols in a stable enrichment culture (1992)

The transformation and toxicity of trichlorophenols (TCPs) were studied with a methanogenic enrichment culture derived from sewage sludge. Transformation of TCPs rapidly resumed after heating of the culture at *) degrees C for 1 h, suggesting that the dechlorinating bacteria are spore-forming anaerobes. 2,4,6-TCP was rapidly dechlorinated via 2,4-dichlorophenol to 4-chlorophenol. During the transformation of 2,4,6-TCP, the most probable number of dechlorinating bacteria increased by 4 orders of magnitude. The most extensive dechlorination was observed in media with complex carbon sources such as yeast extract, peptone, and Casamino Acids, but glucose, galactose, and lactose were also used by the consortium. Experiments using chloramphenicol indicated that the reductive dechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP was regulated by an inducible enzyme system. The highest initial concentration at which dechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP was observed was 400 microM. 2,4,5-TCP and 3,4,5-TCP were dechlorinated to, respectively, 3,4-dichlorophenol and 3-chlorophenol at initial concentrations of less than or equal to 40 microM. Toxicity for the acid-producing and methanogenic bacteria in the consortium was a function of chemical structure, as the inhibition of these activities increased from 2,4,6-TCP, via 2,4,5-TCP, to 3,4,5,-TCP.
Ability of optical coherence tomography to detect caries beneath commonly used dental sealants (2010)

In this ex vivo study, dentists were able to detect tooth decay beneath four commonly used dental sealants based on OCT images. Clinical investigations are now underway to determine the usefulness of this approach in vivo.
Pneumatic Heat Detector (1946)

A pneumatic heat detector is described in which radiant energy is dissipated in a black absorber which is located in the center of a gas cell. The resulting heating and expansion of the gas serves to distort a collodion film located a few thousands of an inch from a nearby parallel glass window. The distortion of the film is detected by observing a shift in a system of interference fringes formed by light reflected from the film and the adjacent glass surface. The principle lends itself readily to the design of systems comprising a multiplicity of heat cells and associated detecting films. A system utilizing 61 cells is described.
The Role of Stacked Insulating Layers on Thin-Film Electroluminescent Devices (1987)

The charge versus applied voltage ( Q – V ) characteristics of a thin-film electroluminescent (TFEL) device with an Al/SiO 2 /Ta 2 O 5 /ZnS/Ta 2 O 5 /ITO/Glass structure are investigated. The results for a stacked insulating layer TFEL device are summarized as follows. The maximum charge ( Q max ) of the TFEL device is determined by the highest Q max of insulators. The SiO 2 insulating layer used in this study shows that the dielectric avalanche breakdown and the electric field of the film is clamped in the region above its own breakdown field strength under current conditions limited by the Ta 2 O 5 insulating layers. The TFEL device shows a hexagonal Q – V loop in high electric fields.
Developing a Creative-Cognitive Model of Entrepreneurial Alertness to Business Opportunities (2011)

A creative-cognitive perspective is used in this study to explore alertness to business opportunities in order to develop a model of business opportunity recognition. It is assumed that the elements constituting this opportunity creation are entrepreneur’s creative cognitive process, internal creative qualities, environmental conditions supporting or hindering creativity and interaction of these elements, and that they have a significant impact on the innovativeness of the business opportunity. Through the development of the model an aim is made to clarify why some entrepreneurs create novel ideas while others just copy the old and used ones.
Software for Genomic Data (2005)

The relationship between cancer and genetic, or genomic, defects is well established, and in a sense cancer can be characterized as a disease of the genome. Hence high throughput technologies for measuring different aspects of the genome and of themolecular biology of the cell are clearly of interest to those involved in cancer research. The development of computational tools, models, and statistical methodology to complement the rapidly evolving experimental techniques is essential. In this chapter we consider the computational aspects of this scientific revolution from several different perspectives. These include the problems of finding and assessing software solutions, using software tools, and creating software tools.
Identification of a Genetic Locus in <i>Pseudomonas aureofaciens</i> Involved in Fungal Inhibition (1994)

In iron-rich conditions, Pseudomonas aureofaciens PA147-2 produces an antibiotic-like compound that inhibits the growth of a plant fungal pathogen, Aphanomyces euteiches. To contribute to the potential use of PA147-2 as a biocontrol organism, we report the identification of a genetic locus important for antibiotic biosynthesis. Mutants defective for fungal inhibition (Af) were generated by Tn5 mutagenesis. Southern hybridization of total DNAs from three Af mutants indicated that loss of fungal inhibition was due to a single Tn5 insertion in each mutant. Restriction mapping of the mutation points showed that in two mutants the Tn5 insertions were in the same 16.0-kb EcoRI fragment and were separated by 2.1 kb. A genomic library of PA147-2 was constructed and screened by using a region of DNA flanking the Tn5 insertion in one mutant (PA109) as a probe to recover complementing cosmids. Three cosmids containing a 16.0-kb EcoRI fragment complementary to the two mutants were recovered. Allele replacement by homologous recombination with putative complementing cosmids restored one mutant to antifungal activity against A. euteiches. Southern analysis of the complemented mutants confirmed that allele replacement had occurred between cosmid DNA and Tn5. The wild-type 16.0-kb EcoRI fragment was cloned from the cosmid and complemented the two mutants to antifungal activity. An antifungal compound was isolated from PA147-2 grown on solid medium. Antifungal activity correlated to a peak on high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. Under the same growth and extraction conditions, the antifungal activity seen in PA147-2 was absent in two Af mutants. Furthermore, absence of an antifungal compound in each mutant correlated to the absence of the wild-type "antifungal" peak on high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis.
Enhancement of Odor-Induced Activity in the Canine Brain by Zinc Nanoparticles: A Functional MRI Study in Fully Unrestrained Conscious Dogs (2015)

Using noninvasive in vivo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we demonstrate that the enhancement of odorant response of olfactory receptor neurons by zinc nanoparticles leads to increase in activity in olfaction-related and higher order areas of the dog brain. To study conscious dogs, we employed behavioral training and optical motion tracking for reducing head motion artifacts. We obtained brain activation maps from dogs in both anesthetized state and fully conscious and unrestrained state. The enhancement effect of zinc nanoparticles was higher in conscious dogs with more activation in higher order areas as compared with anesthetized dogs. In conscious dogs, voxels in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus showed higher activity to odorants mixed with zinc nanoparticles as compared with pure odorants, odorants mixed with gold nanoparticles as well as zinc nanoparticles alone. These regions have been implicated in odor intensity processing in other species including humans. If the enhancement effect of zinc nanoparticles observed in vivo are confirmed by future behavioral studies, zinc nanoparticles may provide a way for enhancing the olfactory sensitivity of canines for detection of target substances such as explosives and contraband substances at very low concentrations, which would otherwise go undetected.
Involvement of calcitonin gene–related peptide in the modulation of human myometrial contractility during pregnancy (1999)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator and relaxes smooth muscle of a variety of tissues, but the effects of CGRP on human myometrial contractions and the changes in CGRP receptors (CGRP-Rs) in human myometrium have not been described. We report that CGRP induced dose-dependent relaxation in spontaneously contracting myometrium from pregnant women. This relaxation effect is diminished in myometrium obtained from patients during labor and in the nonpregnant state. CGRP-induced relaxations are inhibited by a CGRP-R antagonist (CGRP(8-37)), a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (LY(83583)), and a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME). Both Western blotting and mRNA analysis showed that CGRP-Rs are present in human myometrium, and that the expression of these receptors is increased during pregnancy and decreased during term labor. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that CGRP-Rs are abundant in the myometrial cells of pregnant women who are not in labor, and are minimal in uterine specimens from women in labor and in the nonpregnant state. We conclude that increased CGRP-Rs in myometrium, and resulting enhanced myometrial sensitivity to CGRP, may play a role in maintaining human myometrium in a quiescent state during pregnancy, and that a decline in the CGRP-Rs at term could contribute to the initiation of labor.
The Clinical Significance of CD73 in Cancer (2023)

The search for new and effective treatment targets for cancer immunotherapy is an ongoing challenge. Alongside the more established inhibitory immune checkpoints, a novel potential target is CD73. As one of the key enzymes in the purinergic signalling pathway CD73 is responsible for the generation of immune suppressive adenosine. The expression of CD73 is higher in tumours than in the corresponding healthy tissues and associated with a poor prognosis. CD73, mainly by the production of adenosine, is critical in the suppression of an adequate anti-tumour immune response, but also in promoting cancer cell proliferation, tumour growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The upregulation of CD73 and generation of adenosine by tumour or tumour-associated immune cells is a common resistance mechanism to many cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Therefore, the inhibition of CD73 represents a new and promising approach to increase therapy efficacy. Several CD73 inhibitors have already been developed and successfully demonstrated anti-cancer activity in preclinical studies. Currently, clinical studies evaluate CD73 inhibitors in different therapy combinations and tumour entities. The initial results suggest that inhibiting CD73 could be an effective option to augment anti-cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the rationale behind the CD73 inhibition in different treatment combinations and the role of CD73 as a prognostic marker.
Copper- and Streptomycin-Resistant Strains and Host Differentiated Races of<i>Xanthomonas campestris</i>pv.<i>vesicatoria</i>in North Carolina (1991)

Copper- and streptomycin-resistant strains of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria were detected in diseased pepper and tomato plants. In surveys of 32 noncontiguous fields during four growing seasons, 63% of 70 strains were copper resistant and 30% were resistant to at least 100 μg/ml of streptomycin. All streptomycin-resistant strains were copper resistant. Strains of pepper races 1, 2, and 3, as well as strains from the tomato group, were detected (...)
Overview of physical and biophysical techniques for accident dosimetry (2010)

From feedback experience from recent radiation accident cases, in addition to biological dosimetry and physical dosimetry based on Monte Carlo calculations or experimental means, there is a need for complementary methods of dosimetry for radiation accident. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry on bones or teeth is considered as efficient but is limited by the invasive character of the sampling. Since 2005, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) develops some new approaches and methodologies based on the EPR and luminescence techniques. This article presents the overview of the different studies currently in progress in IRSN.
Data-Driven Interference Localization Using a Single Satellite Based on Received Signal Strength (2020)

The localization of an unknown narrow-beam interference source based on a high-Earth/medium-Earth orbiting satellite is considered, and two data-driven methods based on the received signal strength (RSS) are proposed. The narrow-beam interference makes multi-satellite localization scheme invalid, and conventional single-satellite localization approaches including Doppler and direction finding methods will degrade due to the high/medium orbit. In this case, the RSS-based method has the advantages as well as light-load and low-cost hardware. The pretreatment method is firstly conducted due to the discrete and anamorphic original data. Then the direct localization (DL) algorithm is proposed by fitting the change rate of RSS. Thereafter, the filtering and clustering localization (FCL) method is developed to improve the localization robustness. Additionally, the positioning error bound of FCL is analyzed using spherical geometry in some circumstances. Multiple simulations show that the proposed data-driven methods can effectively localize the interference source under such adverse but actual circumstances.
Therapeutic potential for adenosine receptor activation in ischemic brain injury. (1992)

The present report reviews the biochemical and physiological responses to adenosine receptor activation and how these responses underlie the ability of adenosine to couple energy demand with energy supply. In addition, activation of adenosine receptors pharmacologically is shown to initiate various reactions which could be responsible for the observed adenosine-mediated attenuation of the neuropathological consequences of brain ischemia. Also reported is the extent to which side effects such as hypothermia can contribute to the observed efficacy of adenosine agonist administration in the small animal model of ischemia. Data from various in vitro and in vivo ischemia studies is presented showing that neuroprotection can be achieved following pharmacological activation of adenosine receptors either through agonists with high affinity for A1 adenosine receptors or drugs which potentiate endogenous adenosine levels. In general the data support utilization of adenosine receptor activation as a means of attenuating ischemic brain damage.
Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition of Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) Thin Films Using <i>tert</i>-Butyl Peroxide as an Initiator (2004)

We have demonstrated the successful deposition of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) thin films using hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) with tert-butyl peroxide as the initiator. The introduction of the initiator allows for film deposition at low filament temperatures (<200 degrees C) and greatly improves the film deposition rates. The retention of the pendant epoxide chemical functionality and the linear polymeric structure in the deposited films were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The number-average molecular weight of the PGMA films can be systematically varied from 16,000 to 33,000 by adjusting the filament temperature and flow ratio of the initiator to the precursor. The apparent activation energies observed from PGMA deposition kinetics (100.9+/-9.6 kJ/mol) and from molecular weight measurements (-54.8+/-2.0 kJ/mol) are close to the calculated overall activation energies for the polymerization rate (104.4 kJ/mol) and number-average molecular weight (-59.2 kJ/mol), which supports the hypothesis of the free radical polymerization mechanism in the HFCVD PGMA deposition.
A stereoselective synthesis of (+-)-11-hydroxy-trans-8-dodecenoic acid lactone, a naturally occurring macrolide from Cephalosporium recifei (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA stereoselective synthesis of (+-)-11-hydroxy-trans-8-dodecenoic acid lactone, a naturally occurring macrolide from Cephalosporium recifeiE. J. Corey, Peter Ulrich, and J. Michael FitzpatrickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 1, 222–224Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00417a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00417a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views698Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regions of tRNA important for binding to the ribosomal A and P sites (1976)

Studies on the enzymatic inhibition of phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe and formylmethionyl-tRNAFMet binding to the ribosomes by defined tRNA fragments indicate that beside the anticodon the following regions of tRNA are important for ribosomal A-site interaction: the TppsipCp sequence, the CpCpA end, and hU loop. In contrast, binding to the ribosomal P site is not inhibited by the fragments of uncharged yeast tRNAPhe containing the hU or the TpsiC loop of the molecule. Comparative studies on the inhibitory effect of the oligonucleotides TppsipCpGp and UpUpCpGp indicate that the presence of the minor bases in TpsiC loop is not an essential prerequisite for the binding of tRNA to the ribosomal A site. Furthermore, evidence is presented that shows that the binding of the TppsipCpGp oligonucleotide to the ribosomes influences the ribosomal P site and increases there the efficiency of the codon-anticodon interaction. It is suggested that the TppsipCpGp binds to the ribosomal A site and competes there with the TpsiC loop of the aminoacyl-tRNA for the same binding site. A model for the interaction between tRNA and the ribosomal A site is proposed that involves partial unfolding of hU and TpsiC loops of the tRNA and, therefore, suggests the dynamic involvement of tRNA in protein synthesis.
Pasiones. La causa de un sujeto. (2014)

Una vez más el Journal Ética & Cine recoge el producto de trabajo del Ciclo de Cine y Psicoanálisis de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba para volcarlo en un nuevo número. En esta oportunidad tomamos el contenido de su IX Edición al cual su equipo llamó “Pasiones”. En las reuniones preparatorias, el método habitual orientó la tarea: considerar las producciones cinematográficas como manifestaciones artísticas que interpretan la subjetividad de una época y que, a la vez, generan interrogantes. Como en el trabajo analítico, aquí también, una simple palabra puede ser el motor que lleva a producir mucho más.
Use of Multiple Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests To Define the Infected-Patient “Gold Standard” in Clinical Trials of New Diagnostic Tests for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Infections (2004)

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) can be used to define the infected-patient "gold standard" for the purpose of designing studies of the performance of Chlamydia trachomatis diagnostic tests. It is unclear how many test results run by different NAATs and what combinations of specimens comprise the best infected-patient gold standard. We approached this question with data from a large study of the performance of a new NAAT. Data were available from three endocervical swabs and a urine specimen collected from each of 1,412 women and tested by three different NAATs. Results from all three assays were used equally in a rotating fashion to define the infected-patient gold standard. Multiple different infected-patient gold standards for estimating swab and urine specimen sensitivity and specificity for one NAAT method were created by varying the number and combinations of swab and urine comparator results with two different NAATs, The effect of changing the infected-patient gold standard definition was determined by constructing receiver-operator-like curves with calculated sensitivities and specificities for each test. The one-positive-of-two-results or two-positive-of-two-results (same or two different assays) infected-patient gold standard definitions produced low sensitivity and low specificity estimates, respectively. If four comparator NAAT results were used, the any-three-positive-of-four-results definition or the at-least-one-specimen-positive-by-each-of-two-comparator-assays definition appeared to provide better combinations of sensitivity and specificity estimates. The any-two-positive-out-of-three-results definition resulted in estimates that were as good as produced with the former two definitions. This analytic approach provides a means of clearly visualizing the effects of changing NAAT-based infected-patient gold standards and should be helpful in designing future studies of new C. trachomatis diagnostic tests.
Synthese neuer 1,6-Naphthyridine durch Aminomethin-ylierung von 1,4-Dihydropyridinen (1986)

Synthesis of New 1,6-Naphthyridines by Aminomethinylation of 1,4-Dihydropyridines 1,4-Dihydropyridines (1a-h) react with s-triazine in the presence of base to give 1,4-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridinones (2a-h) in a single step in fair to good yields. The title compounds can also be prepared by reaction of 1,4-dihydropyridines with amidacetals followed by treatment of the aminomethylene intermediates (4) with ammonia.