gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Belfast to Mayo and beyond: the use and future of plethysmography to study blood flow in human limbs (2001)

Venous occlusion plethysmography is a simple but elegant technique that has contributed to almost every major area of vascular biology in humans. The general principles of plethysmography were appreciated by the late 1800s, and the application of these principles to measure limb blood flow occurred in the early 1900s. Plethysmography has been instrumental in studying the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating limb blood flow in humans and important in studying the vasodilator responses to exercise, reactive hyperemia, body heating, and mental stress. It has also been the technique of choice to study how human blood vessels respond to a variety of exogenously administered vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, especially those that act on various autonomic and adrenergic receptors. In recent years, plethysmography has been exploited to study the role of the vascular endothelium in health and disease. Venous occlusion plethysmography is likely to continue to play an important role as investigators seek to understand the physiological significance of newly identified vasoactive factors and how genetic polymorphisms affect the cardiovascular system in humans.
A floating low-power subscriber line interface (1980)

A subscriber line interface circuit, utilizing a floating power conversion technique to minimize size, energy consumption, circuit dissipation, and provide 1000V transient isolation for low-level analog or digital switching networks, will be covered.
Screening for Modulators of Spermine Tolerance Identifies Sky1, the SR Protein Kinase of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> , as a Regulator of Polyamine Transport and Ion Homeostasis (2001)

Although most cells are capable of transporting polyamines, the mechanism that regulates polyamine transport in eukaryotes is still largely unknown. Using a genetic screen for clones capable of restoring spermine sensitivity to spermine-tolerant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have demonstrated that Sky1p, a recently identified SR protein kinase, is a key regulator of polyamine transport. Yeast cells deleted for SKY1 developed tolerance to toxic levels of spermine, while overexpression of Sky1p in wild-type cells increased their sensitivity to spermine. Expression of the wild-type Sky1p but not of a catalytically inactive mutant restored sensitivity to spermine. SKY1 disruption results in dramatically reduced uptake of spermine, spermidine, and putrescine. In addition to spermine tolerance, sky1Delta cells exhibit increased tolerance to lithium and sodium ions but somewhat increased sensitivity to osmotic shock. The observed halotolerance suggests potential regulatory interaction between the transport of polyamines and inorganic ions, as suggested in the case of the Ptk2p, a recently described regulator of polyamine transport. We demonstrate that these two kinases act in two different signaling pathways. While deletion or overexpression of SKY1 did not significantly affect Pma1p activity, the ability of overexpressed Sky1p, Ptk1p, and Ptk2p to increase sensitivity to LiCl depends on the integrity of PPZ1 but not of ENA1.
Intracellular PO2 in individual cardiac myocytes in dogs, cats, rabbits, ferrets, and rats (1991)

Myoglobin (Mb) saturation in individual subepicardial myocytes was determined by cryospectroscopy in dogs, cats, ferrets, rabbits, and rats. Mb saturation within 800 microns of the epicardium is not affected by quick freezing or absorption of light by cytochromes. The PO2 in equilibrium with Mb (PMbO2) was calculated from the Mb oxydissociation curve. The minimum PMbO2 found among the 1,000 cells examined was 2.5 Torr, at least five times the critical PO2 for cytochrome turnover in myocardium. The maximum PMbO2 found was about one-half that in subepicardial venules, suggesting a large change in PO2 between capillaries and the cytosol. PMbO2 was the same in right and left ventricles and was unchanged by moderate hemodynamic stress. Median PMbO2 was remarkably uniform among species (range, 4.3-7.0 Torr in 20 animals), even though left ventricular work per minute varied approximately 200-fold, heart rate about fivefold, and arterial O2 content about twofold. Relatively uniform Mb saturation below venous PO2 should accelerate release of O2 from capillaries, promote Mb-facilitated O2 diffusion, and minimize diffusive O2 shunting.
Arthroscopy training using a “Black box” technique (1993)

In orthopaedic surgery residency, arthroscopic training is an essential component and one of the educational program requirements. A system using standard arthroscopy instrumentation and a "black box" has been developed for the purpose of teaching basic arthroscopic surgical skills in a laboratory setting. The black box component can be used as a dry or wet model, permitting a variety of arthroscopic techniques to be mastered under controlled circumstances. This unit has provided excellent feedback from residents and staff, and is cost effective. The basic principles of the orthopedic black box can be adapted for the development of basic skills in other specialties.
Direct Recognition of Fusobacterium nucleatum by the NK Cell Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor NKp46 Aggravates Periodontal Disease (2012)

Periodontitis is a common human chronic inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of the tooth attachment apparatus and tooth loss. Although infections with periopathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) are essential for inducing periodontitis, the nature and magnitude of the disease is determined by the host's immune response. Here, we investigate the role played by the NK killer receptor NKp46 (NCR1 in mice), in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Using an oral infection periodontitis model we demonstrate that following F. nucleatum infection no alveolar bone loss is observed in mice deficient for NCR1 expression, whereas around 20% bone loss is observed in wild type mice and in mice infected with P. gingivalis. By using subcutaneous chambers inoculated with F. nucleatum we demonstrate that immune cells, including NK cells, rapidly accumulate in the chambers and that this leads to a fast and transient, NCR1-dependant TNF-α secretion. We further show that both the mouse NCR1 and the human NKp46 bind directly to F. nucleatum and we demonstrate that this binding is sensitive to heat, to proteinase K and to pronase treatments. Finally, we show in vitro that the interaction of NK cells with F. nucleatum leads to an NCR1-dependent secretion of TNF-α. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence that NCR1 and NKp46 directly recognize a periodontal pathogen and that this interaction influences the outcome of F. nucleatum-mediated periodontitis.
N-methyl-B-mesityldibenzo-1,4-azaborinine: the first experimental structure of a 1,4-azaborinine derivative (1992)

The structure of the 1,4-azaborinine ring in the title compound, a representative of a novel class of potentially aromatic compounds that are isoelectronic with arenes, confirms conclusions of earlier ab initio calculations that cyclic conjugation in 1,4-azaborinines is interrupted by the boron atom.
Environment-aware sensor fusion for obstacle detection (2016)

Reliably detecting obstacles and identifying traversable areas is a key challenge in mobile robotics. For redundancy, information from multiple sensors is often fused. In this work we discuss how prior knowledge of the environment can improve the quality of sensor fusion, thereby increasing the performance of an obstacle detection module. We define a methodology to quantify the performance of obstacle detection sensors and algorithms. This information is used for environment-aware sensor fusion, where the fusion parameters are dependent on the past performance of each sensor in different parts of an operation site. The method is suitable for vehicles that operate in a known area, as is the case in many practical scenarios (warehouses, factories, mines, etc). The system is “trained” by manually driving the robot through a suitable trajectory along the operational areas of a site. The performance of a sensor configuration is then measured based on the similarity between the manually-driven trajectory and the trajectory that the path planner generates after detecting obstacles. Experiments are performed on an autonomous ground robot equipped with 2D laser sensors and a monocular camera with road detection capabilities. The results show an improvement in obstacle detection performance in comparison with a “naive” sensor fusion, illustrating the applicability of the method.
INDO/GIAO calculations of <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>15</sup>N and <sup>17</sup>O NMR chemical shifts in some organo‐iron complexes (1990)

Abstract In this paper, INDO perturbation theory has been extended to calculate the NMR chemical shifts of transition metal compounds. The nitrogen and oxygen INDO parameters have been refined by using a set of nitrogen and oxygen containing compounds to minimize the differences between calculated and experimental 13 C, 15 N, and 17 O shielding constants. These refined parameters, together with optimally selected iron INDO parameters, were used to evaluate the 13 C chemical shifts of three iron complexes (C 5 H 5 )Fe(CO) 2 CN, (C 5 H 4 CHO) 2 Fe 2 , and (C 5 H 4 CH 2 OH) 2 Fe. The calculated 13 C, 15 N and 17 O shielding constants were fairly in agreement with experimental results. In addition, a good linear relationship between the calculated [diamagnetic shielding constants σ d ( M ) of 13 C, 15 N and 17 O nuclei and the net charge ρ ( M ) of these atoms was noticed.
Acoustic Rhinometry and Acoustic Pharyngometry in the Modeling of Upper Airway Based on CT Scan (2010)

Acoustic rhinometry and acoustic pharyngometry (AR/P) can quantify upper airway condition of air draft by drawing a graph plotting the nasal cavity and pharyngeal cavity cross-sectional area. Based on CT medical images of volunteers, a 3-dimensional finite element model of upper respiratory tract was reconstructed by the method of surface rendering. The veracity of the model was valued by contrasting the relevant areas between the model and the AR/P graph, and uses an AR/P to help improve and enrich the model. The combination of AR/P and CT can be used to studying the medicine problem related to the anatomical structure of upper respiratory tract.
Photoinduced Fluorescent Cross-Linking of 5-Chloro- and 5-Fluoro-4-thiouridines with Thymidine (2010)

Two highly fluorescent, thermally stable diastereomeric photoadducts, 3a,b, are formed when either 5-chloro-4-thiouridine, 1, or 5-fluoro-4-thiouridine, 2, are photoexcited with 366 nm UV light in the presence of thymidine (T). 5-Fluoro-4-thiouridine, 2, exhibits photoreactivity much higher than that of the 5-chloro derivative 1. In both cases the photoreaction is very clean, leading to highly eficient conversion of the 5-halogeno-4-thiouridine (1, 2) and T to photoadducts 3a,b. The identity and structure of 3a was confirmed using mass spectrometry and 2-D NMR. The epimeric relationship of 3a,b was established by UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. The geometry of the fluorescent photoadduct is consistent with formation of an interstrand cross-link in a DNA duplex if 1 or 2 is flanked by T in an opposite strand.
A Relative Permeability Modifier for Water Control of Gas Wells in a Low-Permeability Reservoir (1996)

Summary Water control in gas wells is a major measure to enhance gas recovery. The work is concentrated on finding a highly selective polymer to reduce water production without affecting gas production from gas wells in low-permeability reservoirs. This paper presents the conceptions of residual resistance factors (RRF's) to both wetting and non-wetting phases and the laboratory experimental and field trial results of relative permeability modifiers for water control in gas wells.
Comparing GPU Implementations of Bilateral and Anisotropic Diffusion Filters for 3D Biomedical Datasets (2010)

We compare the performance of hand-tuned CUDA implementations of bilateral and anisotropic diffusion filters for denoising 3D MRI datasets. Our tests sweep comparable parameters for the two filters and measure total runtime, memory bandwidth, computational throughput, and mean squared errors relative to a noiseless reference dataset.
A dualthreaded Java processor for Java multithreading (2002)

The Java-Web computing paradigm has changed the Internet into a computing environment. For Java-Web computing and many Java applications, a new Java processor called simultaneous multithreaded (SMT) JavaChip, is proposed to enhance the performance of previous Java processors by hardware support of Java multithreading. SMT JavaChip is a modified architecture with the enhanced mechanism of stack cache, instruction cache, functional units, etc. It executes dual independent threads simultaneously and enhances instruction level parallelism. The performance of SMT JavaChip is evaluated through the simulation using JavaSim, a Java processor simulator. This research is focused to enhance the performance of the Java processor by considering the characteristics of the Java language and computation environment. Performance results show that SMT JavaChip can provide an execution speedup of between 1.28 and 2.00 compared with the single threaded Java processors.
Studies on the synthesis and biological activity of 3-arylaminomethyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione derivatives. (2001)

3-arylaminomethyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiones were prepared by reaction of 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione with formaldehyde and appropriate alky and aryl amines in ethanol, as potential biological active agents. These new synthesized Mannich bases were screened for their antimicrobial, antifungal and antiinflammatory activities.
Summary graphs for relational database schemas (2011)

Increasingly complex databases need ever more sophisticated tools to help users understand their schemas and interact with the data. Existing tools fall short of either providing the "big picture," or of presenting useful connectivity information. In this paper we define summary graphs, a novel approach for summarizing schemas. Given a set of user-specified query tables, the summary graph automatically computes the most relevant tables and joins for that query set. The output preserves the most informative join paths between the query tables, while meeting size constraints. In the process, we define a novel information-theoretic measure over join edges. Unlike most subgraph extraction work, we allow metaedges (i.e., edges in the transitive closure) to help reduce output complexity. We prove that the problem is NP-Hard, and solve it as an integer program. Our extensive experimental study shows that our method returns high-quality summaries under independent quality measures.
Graph-Based Global Reasoning Networks (2019)

Globally modeling and reasoning over relations between regions can be beneficial for many computer vision tasks on both images and videos. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) excel at modeling local relations by convolution operations, but they are typically inefficient at capturing global relations between distant regions and require stacking multiple convolution layers. In this work, we propose a new approach for reasoning globally in which a set of features are globally aggregated over the coordinate space and then projected to an interaction space where relational reasoning can be efficiently computed. After reasoning, relation-aware features are distributed back to the original coordinate space for down-stream tasks. We further present a highly efficient instantiation of the proposed approach and introduce the Global Reasoning unit (GloRe unit) that implements the coordinate-interaction space mapping by weighted global pooling and weighted broadcasting, and the relation reasoning via graph convolution on a small graph in interaction space. The proposed GloRe unit is lightweight, end-to-end trainable and can be easily plugged into existing CNNs for a wide range of tasks. Extensive experiments show our GloRe unit can consistently boost the performance of state-of-the-art backbone architectures, including ResNet, ResNeXt, SE-Net and DPN, for both 2D and 3D CNNs, on image classification, semantic segmentation and video action recognition task.
Specific heat of triglycine sulfate at several applied electric fields near the critical temperature (1980)

A thermopile conduction calorimeter for the determination of the thermal properties of single crystals with applied electric field is described. The specific heat of triglycine sulfate is measured near the critical point and at several applied electric fields (0, 160, 300, 500, and 800 V/cm). An echelon-type function is used to obtain the best fitting curve and for E ≧ 300 V/cm the results confirm the predictions deduced from the thermodynamic theory of ferroelectricity. On décrit un calorimètre à thermopiles pour l'étude des propriétés thermiques des monocristaux étant soumis a différents champs électriques. On mesure la chaleur spécifique du sulfate de glycocolle près du point critique et à differents champs électriques (0, 160, 300, 500 et 800 V/cm). On ajuste une fonction type échelon aux points expérimentaux et on trouve que pour E ≧ 300 V/cm les résultats sont d'accord avec les prédictions de la theorie thermodynamique de la ferroélectricité.
PRL3-zumab, a first-in-class humanized antibody for cancer therapy (2016)

Novel, tumor-specific drugs are urgently needed for a breakthrough in cancer therapy. Herein, we generated a first-in-class humanized antibody (PRL3-zumab) against PRL-3, an intracellular tumor-associated phosphatase upregulated in multiple human cancers, for unconventional cancer immunotherapies. We focused on gastric cancer (GC), wherein elevated <i>PRL-3</i> mRNA levels significantly correlated with shortened overall survival of GC patients. PRL-3 protein was overexpressed in 85% of fresh-frozen clinical gastric tumor samples examined but not in patient-matched normal gastric tissues. Using human GC cell lines, we demonstrated that PRL3-zumab specifically blocked PRL-3<sup>+</sup>, but not PRL-3<sup>-</sup>, orthotopic gastric tumors. In this setting, PRL3-zumab had better therapeutic efficacy as a monotherapy, rather than simultaneous combination with 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouracil alone. PRL3-zumab could also prevent PRL-3<sup>+</sup> tumor recurrence. Mechanistically, we found that intracellular PRL-3 antigens could be externalized to become "extracellular oncotargets" that serve as bait for PRL3-zumab binding to potentially bridge and recruit immunocytes into tumor microenvironments for killing effects on cancer cells. In summary, our results document a comprehensive cancer therapeutic approach to specific antibody-targeted therapy against the PRL-3 oncotarget as a case study for developing antibodies against other intracellular targets in drug discovery.
Acne Resolution Rates: Results of a Single-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Parallel Phase III Trial with EE/CMA (Belara<sup>®</sup>) and EE/LNG (Microgynon<sup>®</sup>) (2001)

EE/CMA is an efficient treatment for women with mild and moderate papulopustular acne of the face and related disorders, reflecting the well-known anti-androgenic properties of the progestogen CMA.
On the suitability of urethane bonds between the carrier and the drug moiety in poly(ethyleneglycol)-based oligomeric prodrugs (1995)

Some poly(ethyleneglycol) derivatives of propranolol were prepared, in which the drug molecule was linked to the oligomeric carrier via urethane bonds in order to study the suitability of this bond as a linkage between the carrier and the drug moiety in oligomeric prodrugs. For comparison purposes also ethanol- and butanol-based prodrugs of propranolol were prepared, with the same linkage between drug and promoiety. The urethane compounds were obtained by condensation via N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole. None of these compounds gave rise to appreciable blood concentrations of propranolol after oral administration, thus suggesting in this particular case, a relative in vivo resistance of urethane bonds towards cleavage.
Human atopen-specific types 1 and 2 T helper cell clones (1991)

Eight representative T lymphocyte clones (TLC) randomly selected from previously described panels of CD4+ housedust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp)-specific TLC from atopic and nonatopic donors were studied in more detail in a comparative investigation. The TLC from the atopic donors closely resembled murine type 2 Th (Th2) cells by secreting substantial IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, minimal IFN-gamma, and relatively little IL-2. In contrast, the nonatopic's TLC resembled murine type 1 Th (TH1) cells by secreting substantial IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF, no IL-4, and little IL-5. A difference with murine Th1 cells was their additional secretion of IL-6. These cytokine profiles were consistent upon stimulation via different activation pathways including stimulation with specific Dp Ag, mitogenic lectins, and antibodies to CD2, CD3, or CD28. The observed differences in IL-2 secretion, however, were most evident upon stimulation with anti-CD28. If TLC cells were cultured with highly purified B cells and stimulated with anti-CD3 in the absence of exogenous IL-4, IgE synthesis was induced only in cultures with the atopics' Th2 clones, which could be completely abrogated by anti-IL-4. The mere presence of exogenous rIL-4, however, did not result in IgE synthesis, nor did unstimulated TLC cells alone. But if unstimulated TLC cells (that proved not to secrete detectable amounts of cytokines) were added together with rIL-4, again IgE synthesis was induced only in cultures with the atopics' Th2 clones, suggesting the involvement of an additional, as yet unidentified accessory helper function of the atopics' Th2 clones for IgE induction. Unstimulated Th2 clones showed a significantly higher expression of CD28 than the Th1 clones, but three days after stimulation, CD28 expression was elevated to comparable levels on both subsets. When added to B cells at this time point, together with rIL-4 and anti-IFN-gamma, still only the atopics' Th2 clones supported IgE synthesis, arguing against a role for CD28 in this accessory helper function. Whereas the atopics' Th2 clones were excellent helper cells for IgE induction, a unique property of the nonatopic's Th1 clones was their cytolytic activity toward autologous APC which could be induced by specific Dp Ag and by anti-CD3. The present data provide clear evidence for the existence of Th1 and Th2 cells in man.
Smectite in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea: A Nationwide Randomized Controlled Study of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology (SIGEP) in Collaboration With Primary Care Pediatricians (2001)

Smectite reduces the duration of diarrhea and prevents a prolonged course. It may therefore consistently reduce the costs of gastroenteritis.
Source‐receiver seismic interferometry (2009)

Seismic (or more generally, wavefield) interferometry allows receivers to assume the role of sources, or vice versa. Recorded waveforms (theoretically, Green's functions) can be constructed from new ‘virtual’ source positions at which only receivers have been physically located. To‐date, however, forms of interferometry have only been derived to provide inter‐receiver or inter‐source Green's functions. For the first time we derive a form of interferometry that provides Green's functions on real‐source to real‐receiver paths, using only energy that has propagated from surrounding sources or to surrounding receivers. This allows various useful interferometric methods to be applied to (more conventional) source‐receiver configurations for the first time.