gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute toxicity studies of α‐Ketoglutarate: a promising antidote for cyanide poisoning (2001)

Recently we have shown that cyanide poisoning by the oral (p.o.) route could be antagonized significantly by pretreatment or simultaneous treatment of alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG), administered p.o. in rodents. The protective effect of alpha-KG was dose dependent (0.125-2.0 g kg(-1)) and the effect was significant at a dose above 1.0 g kg(-1). In order to establish the safety of alpha-KG, various haematological, biochemical and histological parameters were studied following p.o. administration of 2.0 g kg(-1)alpha-KG in female rats, and various physiological parameters were studied following p.o. administration of 2.0 or 4.0 g kg(-1)alpha-KG in anaesthetized male rats. The p.o. LD(50) of alpha-KG in male and female rats was >5.0 g kg(-1) and no toxic signs were observed in the surviving animals. Except for an increase in plasma alkaline phosphatase and urea levels after 1 h and a decrease in inorganic phosphorus levels after 7 days of treatment, no significant change in haematology, biochemistry or histology of the vital organs were observed. Mean arterial pressure and neuromuscular transmission were decreased at 4.0 g kg(-1)alpha-KG but other physiological variables such as heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, left ventricular pressure (systolic), arterial pressure (systolic) and arterial pressure (diastolic) were not altered. The changes observed at 4.0 g kg(-1)alpha-KG are unlikely to be of toxicological concern. The results indicate that alpha-KG at 2.0 g kg(-1) (p.o.)-a dose offering maximum antidotal efficacy-is non-toxic and therefore can be considered suitable for cyanide poisoning.
Charge storage and mechanical properties of porous PTFE and composite PTFE/COC electrets (2010)

Abstract Recent futuristic applications of flexible electret loudspeakers have garnered much interest for these novel loudspeakers. To increase the loudspeaker properties, a processing method was developed to improve the electret and mechanical properties of porous PTFE film. Taking a thin porous PTFE film as the base material, a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) was coated to a base material to form a PTFE/COC composite film. Results show that the composite material improves the advantageous characteristics when used as an electret diaphragm for loudspeakers. By measuring the surface potential decay and the elastic modulus, properties of a standard porous PTFE film were compared to an improved composite PTFE/COC film. Experimental results showed that the composite PTFE/COC possess the following advantages: (1) 80% higher surface potential after 10 days at room temperature, (2) a better thermal resistance of charge storage, and (3) a 643% higher elastic modulus. Therefore, our novel composite material can be used to create a much improved electret diaphragm for flexible electret loudspeakers.
Trajectories for frontal external ventricular drain placement: virtual cannulation of adults with acute hydrocephalus (2012)

Objectives. External ventricular drains (EVDs) are commonly placed freehand using targeting landmarks unchanged since the pre-CT era; it is known to be an inaccurate procedure. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the geometric reliability of specific trajectories in a three-dimensional model. Design. Three-dimensional volume reconstruction of EVD trajectories in a Stealth Station S7. Subjects. Adults with a primary EVD sited for acute hydrocephalus secondary to spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage with CT angiography less than 24 hours previously. Methods. CT angiograms from 10 consecutive patients meeting the inclusion criteria were reconstructed. The surgical planning tool was used to construct three trajectories from Kocher's point: i) perpendicular to the skull (PTS) ii) towards the ipsilateral medial canthus coronally and the external auditory meatus sagitally (IMC) iii) towards the contralateral medial canthus coronally and the external auditory meatus sagitally (CMC). Their engagement with the frontal horn of the ipsilateral lateral ventricle (FILV) and distance from the ventricular wall and foramen of Monro were measured. Results. Mean supratentorial ventricular volume was 55.8 cc (range 35.2–83.4 cc). The IMC met the FILV in only one patient, on average missing the ventricular wall by 5.5±2.3 degrees (95% confidence interval). CMC and PTS met the FILV in 9 and 10 cases, respectively. Mean engagement was 16.3±5.1 mm (95% confidence interval) for PTS and 20.0±7.1 mm (95% confidence interval) for CMC. CMC and PTS gave significantly better engagement and aiming error margins than the IMC trajectory. Conclusions. Despite its widespread use, the IMC trajectory performed poorly; PTS and CMC trajectories are more reliable ways of targeting the FILV when placing an EVD.
The neuroimmune guidance cue netrin-1: a new therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. (2013)

Netrins are a family of proteins involved in cell migration and axon guidance during embryogenesis. The different functions and mechanisms of action of this family of proteins have been better characterized with the study of the netrin-1. They are chemotropic and act as a bifunctional regulator of neuron migration. Apart from its role in the central nervous system, researchers have proven that netrin-1 plays a role in the development and formation of non-neural tissue, thus netrin-1 is involved in regulation of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases and other diseases. Concerning the cardio-vascular realm, netrin-1 promotes angiogenesis and accelerates atherosclerosis, protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduces the infarct size. These findings make the neuroimmune guidance cue netrin-1 an important therapeutic target. This work seeks to review the subject based on studies that have been conducted over the past decade to identify the perspectives and extent of the research on this protein in the field of cardiology.
A parallel arithmetic unit using a saturated-transistor fast-carry circuit (1960)

The paper describes a transistor switch technique which is of particular importance in applications where a large number of switches have to be connected in series and where the propagation time of information through these switches has to be a minimum. It is thus of importance in parallel addition, and its use in this connection has been successfully demonstrated, yielding an addition time over 24 digits of 200 millimicrosec. The technique is reasonably economical, and the paper also shows how it can be used in conjunction with more conventional logical circuits to provide a simple arithmetic unit.
Retinoids downregulate both p60 and p80 forms of tumor necrosis factor receptors in human histiocytic lymphoma U-937 cells (1995)

Because retinoids are known to modulate the growth and differentiation effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), we investigated the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) on the cell surface expression of TNF receptors in human histiocytic lymphoma U-937 cells. RA decreased the specific binding of 125I-labeled TNF to these cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The maximal decrease occurred when cells were treated with 1 mumol/L RA for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. Scatchard analysis of the binding indicated that the decrease by RA was caused by a decrease in receptor number and not by a decrease in affinity. The downmodulation of TNF receptors was also confirmed by covalent receptor-ligand cross-linking studies. Receptor-mediated internalization of the ligand was also found to be decreased on treatment of cells with RA. Northern blot analysis also indicated a decrease in the transcript of the receptor. By using antibodies specific to either the p60 or p80 form of the TNF receptor, we found that both receptors were downregulated by RA. RA treatment also decreased TNF receptors on acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. Other analogues of RA, specifically 9-cis-RA, (E)-4-[2-(5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl]-benzoic acid (TTNPB), and 3-methyl-TTNPB, which differ in their specificity towards different RA receptors, were also active in downregulating TNF receptors. 3-Methyl-TTNPB, which is more specific for the RXR form of the RA receptor, was found to be most potent. The downregulation of TNF receptors by RA correlated with the downmodulation of the antiproliferative effects of TNF against U-937 cells. Overall, our results indicate that RA downmodulates both the p60 and p80 form of the TNF receptor on cells of myeloid origin, which correlates with the cellular response.
Molecular basis for keratoconus: Lack of TrkA expression and its transcriptional repression by Sp3 (2005)

Keratoconus is the most common corneal dystrophy that leads to severe visual impairment. Although the major etiological factors are genetic, the pathogenetic mechanism(s) is unknown. No medical treatments exist, and the only therapeutic approach is corneal transplantation. Recent data demonstrate the involvement of nerve growth factor (NGF) in trophism and corneal wound healing. In this study, we investigated alterations in the NGF pathway in keratoconus-affected corneas and found a total absence of the NGF-receptor TrkA (TrkA(NGFR)) expression and a decreased expression of NGF and p75(NTR). The absence of TrkA(NGFR) expression was associated with a strong increase in the Sp3 repressor short isoform(s) and a lack of the Sp3 activator long isoform. Sp3 is a bifunctional transcription factor that has been reported to stimulate or repress the transcription of numerous genes. Indeed, we found that Sp3 short isoform(s) overexpression in cell culture results in a down-regulation of TrkA(NGFR) expression. We suggest that an imbalance in Sp transcription-factor isoforms may play a role in controlling the NGF signaling, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of keratoconus. This mechanism for the transcriptional repression of the TrkA(NGFR) gene can provide the platform for the development of a therapeutic strategy.
Potentiation of the antitumor activity of α, α, α-trifluorothymidine by the co-administration of an inhibitor of thymidine phosphorylase at a suitable molar ratio in vivo (2005)

Trifluorothymidine (FTD) is a thymidine analog that exhibits an antitumor activity through its inhibition of thymidylate synthase and its incorporation into DNA. However, FTD is rapidly hydrolyzed to an inactive form by thymidine phosphorylase (TP). We attempted to augment the antitumor activity of FTD by combining it with a potent and reversible inhibitor of TP, 5-chloro-6-(2-imino-propyrrolidin-1-yl) methyl-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-pyrimidinedione hydrochloride (TPI) in human tumor xenografts with a low sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil. The optimum ratio of TPI to FTD was determined by measuring the maximum plasma level of FTD after oral administration and the antitumor effect of FTD on human tumor xenografts in mice. When > 0.5 M of TPI and 1 M of FTD (10 mg/kg) were co-administered, the plasma FTD levels in mice and monkeys were elevated, almost reaching a maximal and constant value of 20-30 microg/ml and 15 microg/ml, respectively. When human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines (DLD-1, CO-3 and AZ521) were xenografted into nude mice, the antitumor activity of FTD was augmented by the co-administration of TPI, compared to that of FTD alone, and the ED50 value, used to indicate the antitumor effect, reached a maximum value (about 25, 20, and 10 mg/kg in the DLD-1, CO-3, and AZ521 tumors, respectively) when > 0.5 M of TPI was combined with 1 M of FTD. The oral administration of TPI markedly improved the FTD-induced toxicity, as evaluated by the decrease in the body weight of the mice. These results suggested that the optimum ratio of FTD to TPI was 1:0.5 M, enabling a high antitumor activity and a low toxicity. We further evaluated whether TPI inhibits TP-induced angiogenesis in a gelatin-sponge mouse model, based on the finding that TP is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor. Ten and 30 mg/kg administration of TPI significantly inhibited TP-induced neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner in a mouse model. The above results suggest that the combination of TPI and an antitumor nucleoside, FTD, not only enhances the antitumor efficacy and decreases the toxicity of FTD, but also suppresses TP-induced angiogenesis.
Clinical outcomes of various continued antiplatelet therapies in patients who were administered DAPT following the implantation of drug-eluting stents and developed gastrointestinal hemorrhage (2016)

Although an increasing number of patients accept dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) for coronary heart disease (CHD), the proportion of patients with DAPT who subsequently develop gastrointestinal hemorrhage continues to increase. To ensure the clinical outcomes from DES, it is important to formulate a novel continued antiplatelet therapy for patients who were administered DAPT and subsequently develop gastrointestinal hemorrhage following DES implantation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of continued aspirin, clopidogrel or DAPT use on the incidence of clinical adverse events and gastrointestinal rebleeding in patients who received DAPT and subsequently developed gastrointestinal hemorrhage following implantation of DES for CHD. Between 2004 and 2010, 108 consecutive patients receiving DAPT developed gastrointestinal hemorrhage following DES implantation for CHD at Liuzhou General Hospital (Liuzhou, Guangxi). These patients were divided into three groups according to the novel antiplatelet therapy. The occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, heart failure or target vessel revascularization, net adverse clinical events (NACE), including major bleeding, stroke or MACE, and gastrointestinal rebleeding during clinical follow-up following the initial procedure were compared among these three groups. The results of this analysis demonstrated that the occurrence rate of MACE, NECE and gastrointestinal rebleeding was not significantly different among these groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, survival analysis was performed and although the survival curves of MACE and NECE were not significantly different among these groups, gastrointestinal rebleeding was demonstrated to be significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05), and continued aspirin or clopidogrel use was superior to continued DAPT. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that there were no significant differences in the clinical effectiveness and safety of continuing antiplatelet monotherapy or DAPT in patients who are administered DAPT and experience gastrointestinal hemorrhage following DES implantation. As for the prevention of recurrent bleeding, antiplatelet monotherapy was demonstrated to be superior to DAPT. Moreover, the treatment of patients who are administered DAPT and experience gastrointestinal hemorrhage following DES implantation must involve an evaluation of the risk of complications, including stent thrombosis, continuous bleeding and recurrent hemorrhage.
Time-averaged speckle reduction in scanning active imaging systems (1994)

For scanning active imaging systems using direct detection, it is possible to adequately model the expected speckle noise. Modifications are introduced to the theory on speckle originally proposed by Goodman to take into account the scanning effect. The model presented here is verified experimentally for a scanning active imaging system using a CO<sub>2</sub> laser (10.6 μm). A direct relation between the reduction in the speckle noise resulting from the scanning process and the imaging resolution is demonstrated.
Effect of subcutaneous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor injectate volume on drug efficacy, site complications, and client comfort. (1999)

Administering one injection instead of two may decrease patients' anxiety, the nursing time needed for preparation and administration of injections, patient instruction for self-administration, the potential for contamination of vials or loss of dose, and the cost of supplies.
Managed Pressure Drilling for Subsea Applications; Well Control Challenges in Deep Waters (2004)

Abstract This paper describes a new drilling riser concept and drilling method that will remove some of the well control challenges presently encountered and provide improved well control procedures, when handling deepwater kicks and deep formation gas flow into a well being drilled. The new system will also allow for longer hole sections to be drilled in deepwater, thus reducing the number of casing strings required in the well and reduce the chances of hydrate plugs forming at seabed. The main element in the system is based on using a smaller size (14"-12.5" ID) high pressure drilling riser with a split BOP between surface and subsea, a subsea mud pump connected to the high pressure drilling riser, taking returns from a lower level in the riser. The mud level in the riser is dropped down to a level considerably below sea level to create a mud/air interface ("mud cap") that can be continuously adjusted up or down by the mud-lift pumping system. As a consequence, the bottom hole hydrostatic pressure will be controlled. One of the main purposes of this system is to mitigate the inherent problems with a conventional 21" marine drilling riser during well control scenarios in deepwater operations. It will adjust the bottom hole pressure accordingly and compensate for frictional pressures due to circulation.
Calcium, why and how much? (1995)

Although calcium (Ca) is pivotal for the prevention of osteoporosis, its role in the prevention of other unrelated diseases such as arterial hypertension, cancer of the colon and nephrolithiasis is perplexing. No unitarian hypothesis explaining these unrelated effects of Ca has been postulated. Cytosolic Ca concentration is 10,000-fold lower than in the extracellular space, and this gradient is tightly maintained. Abnormal elevation of cytosolic Ca causes cell damage and death. Parathyroid hormone is a Ca agonist and the suppression of its secretion by Ca could explain the beneficial role of Ca intake in multiple diseases. Thus, parathyroid ablation improves hypertension in rats and cardiomyopathy in hamsters. Since anthropologic data suggests a higher Ca intake, of approximately 1,600 1,600 mg/day, in preneolithic than in modern diets, it is likely that our levels of PTH on genetically predisposed subjects with a loose cellular Ca control may aggravate frequent modern diseases and the process of aging. A higher Ca intake in both sexes should be one of the goals of preventive medicine of our time.
Local carcinogenicity os some environmentally relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after lifelong topical application to mouse skin. (1980)

Six environmentally relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were tested in dose-response experiments of topical application to mouse skin with regard to local carcinogenicity: benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(b)- (BbF), benzo(j)- (BjF), and benzo(k)-fluoranthene (BkF), indeno(1,2,3,-cd) pyrene (IP), cyclopentadieno(cd)pyrene (CP), and coronene (COR). Of these compounds, BaP and BbF proved to be carcinogenic, BjF and CP were weakly carcinogenic whereas BkF, IP and COR showed no cancer-inducing effects. In the dose range investigated BbF has about 1/3 and CP about 1/20 of the activity of BaP.
Effect of Images on the Organization of Space (1989)

Etude a travers les images televisuelles du langage de l'image compare aux autres formes de langages conventionnels. Dans cet article l'auteur se localise sur la cognition de l'information par l'image du point de vue de l'organisation spatiale
High efficiency four-phase All PMOS charge pump without body effects (2008)

In this paper, a four-phase all PMOS charge pump based on the voltage doubler structure is proposed. The proposed charge pump is designed in 1.8 V 0.18 mum standard CMOS process with high voltage boosting efficiency and little output ripple. Moreover, it solves the voltage overstress problem which exists in the conventional charge pump and eliminates the body effect as well by means of adding two auxiliary substrate switching PMOS transistors. The simulation results show that the proposed charge pump circuits have an improvement about 93.2% compared with the original two-phase Dickson charge pump and an improvement about 28.2% compared with the negative four-phase Dickson charge pump when the supply voltage is 1.8 V. Moreover it can even work as long as the supply power voltage is larger than the threshold voltage, which makes it quite suitable to be utilized in low supply voltage applications.
Modeling and control strategies for a variable reluctance direct-drive motor (1993)

A high-performance ripple-free dynamic torque controller for a variable-reluctance (VR) motor intended for trajectory tracking in robotic applications is designed. A modeling approach that simplifies the design of the controller is investigated. Model structure and parameter estimation techniques are presented. Different approaches to the overall torque controller design problem are discussed, and the solution adopted is illustrated. A cascade controller structure consisting of a feedforward nonlinear torque compensator, cascaded to a nonlinear flux or current closed-loop controller is considered, and optimization techniques are used for its design. Although developed for a specific commercial motor, the proposed modeling and optimization strategies can be used for other VR motors with magnetically decoupled phases, both rotating and linear. Laboratory experiments for model validation and preliminary simulation results of the overall torque control system are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Kinetics Human Action Video Dataset (2017)

We describe the DeepMind Kinetics human action video dataset. The dataset contains 400 human action classes, with at least 400 video clips for each action. Each clip lasts around 10s and is taken from a different YouTube video. The actions are human focussed and cover a broad range of classes including human-object interactions such as playing instruments, as well as human-human interactions such as shaking hands. We describe the statistics of the dataset, how it was collected, and give some baseline performance figures for neural network architectures trained and tested for human action classification on this dataset. We also carry out a preliminary analysis of whether imbalance in the dataset leads to bias in the classifiers.
Protein interactions with ordered lipid films: Specific and unspecific binding (1991)

Communication: Membrane‐bound receptors improtant in biochemistry and medicine can be modeled using mono‐ and multilayer amphiphilic LB films. Proteins bound to the films (see figure) can possess either enzymatic activity or a specific binding capability that can be used in biological tests. Here, the interactions between polypeptides such as cytochrome C, insulin, and concanavalin A, and several types of films are evaluated. equation image