gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase Compared with Human Placental Lactogen and Oestriol in High-Risk Pregnancies (1984)

Serum levels of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), human placental lactogen (HPL) and oestriol (E3) were investigated in 33 women with high-risk pregnancies. In pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) low PLAP values were constantly recorded. HPL values showed a similar pattern while E3 levels were between normal mean and the lower limit of -2 SD. A clear differentiation between IUGR and pre-eclampsia was achieved by the simultaneous determination of PLAP and HPL. It is suggested that PLAP determinations may be more informative than E3 to detect placental insufficiency.
Static Compression of Tetramethylammonium Borohydride (2011)

Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction are used to examine the high-pressure behavior of tetramethylammonium borohydride (TMAB) to 40 GPa at room temperature. The measurements reveal weak pressure-induced structural transitions around 5 and 20 GPa. Rietveld analysis and Le Bail fits of the powder diffraction data based on known structures of tetramethylammonium salts indicate that the transitions are mediated by orientational ordering of the BH(4)(-) tetrahedra followed by tilting of the (CH(3))(4)N(+) groups. X-ray diffraction patterns obtained during pressure release suggest reversibility with a degree of hysteresis. Changes in the Raman spectrum confirm that these transitions are not accompanied by bonding changes between the two ionic species. At ambient conditions, TMAB does not possess dihydrogen bonding, and Raman data confirms that this feature is not activated upon compression. The pressure-volume equation of state obtained from the diffraction data gives a bulk modulus [K(0) = 5.9(6) GPa, K(0)' = 9.6(4)] slightly lower than that observed for ammonia borane. Raman spectra obtained over the entire pressure range (spanning over 40% densification) indicate that the intramolecular vibrational modes are largely coupled.
Modular artificial neural network for prediction of petrophysical properties from well log data (1997)

An application of Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM), learning-vector quantization (LVQ) algorithms, and commonly used backpropagation neural network (BPNN) to predict petrophysical properties obtained from well-log data are presented. A modular, artificial neural network (ANN) comprising a complex network made up from a number of subnetworks is introduced. In this approach, the SOM algorithm is applied first to classify the well-log data into a predefined number of classes, This gives an indication of the lithology in the well. The classes obtained from SOM are then appended back to the training input logs for the training of supervised LVQ. After training, LVQ can be used to classify any unknown input logs. A set of BPNN that corresponds to different classes is then trained. Once the network is trained, it is then used as the classification and prediction model for subsequent input data. Results obtained from example studies using the proposed method have shown to be fast and accurate as compared to a single BPNN network.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: recognition and treatment. (2004)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease occurring throughout the Americas from Texas to Argentina, and in the Old World, particularly the Middle East and North Africa. It is spread by the female sandfly. The condition is diagnosed every year in travelers, immigrants, and military personnel. Physicians in the United States must be alert to the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in travelers returning from endemic areas. Physicians working for short periods in endemic areas often must make the diagnosis and should be aware of local disease patterns. When faced with a possible leishmanial skin lesion, a skin scraping with microscopic analysis is the best test. Punch biopsies with tissue-impression smears also can be diagnostic. Needle aspiration of tissue fluid from the margin of a lesion can yield fluid for culture to isolate the organism and identify the species. Immunologic tests are being developed, including a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction test. The treatment mainstay is pentavalent antimony (e.g., sodium stibogluconate). Not all patients require treatment; many lesions heal spontaneously. Antimonials have a high incidence of reversible adverse effects. Other medications used for treatment include amphotericin B, pentamidine isethionate, paromomycin, and antifungals. This disease must be considered in at-risk patients, and family physicians should know the basics of diagnosis and where to go for more help.
Silicon adsorption in single walled nanotubes (2006)

Using density functional (DF) calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations we have investigated the main electronic and structural properties of silicon interacting with single walled carbon nanotubes. We have investigated the silicon adsorption externally and internally in the nanotubes surface. The total energies calculations and charge density plot present that the adsorption is most stable externally with silicon forming four bonds with the C atoms and the Si-C bond distances are similar to the ones in the SiC crystal. When silicon is adsorbed in a semiconductor nanotube, a new occupied electronic level inside the band gap is observed. For the metallic tube, the electronic silicon levels are close to the Fermi energy, increasing the metallic tube character.
<i>Pichia Pastoris</i> : Protein Production Host and Model Organism for Biomedical Research (2013)

Pichia pastoris is the most frequently used yeast system for heterologous protein production today. The last few years have seen several products based on this platform reach approval as biopharmaceutical drugs. Successful glycoengineering to humanize N-glycans is further fuelling this development. However, detailed understanding of the yeast's physiology, genetics and regulation has only developed rapidly in the last few years since published genome sequences have become available. An expanding toolbox of genetic elements and strains for the improvement of protein production is being generated, including promoters, gene copy-number enhancement, gene knockout and high-throughput methods. Protein folding and secretion have been identified as significant bottlenecks in yeast expression systems, pinpointing a major target for strain optimization. At the same time, it has become obvious that P. pastoris, as an evolutionarily more 'ancient' yeast, may in some cases be a better model for human cell biology and disease than Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Prediction of the texture visibility of color halftone patterns (2002)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Decision support for emergency situations (2008)

Emergency situations occur unpredictably and cause individuals and organizations to shift their focus and attention immediately to deal with the situation. When disasters become large scale, all the limitations resulting from a lack of integration and collaboration among all the involved organizations begin to be exposed and further compound the negative consequences of the event. Often in large-scale disasters the people who must work together have no history of doing so; they have not developed a trust or understanding of one another’s abilities, and the totality of resources they each bring to bear have never before been exercised. As a result, the challenges for individual or group decision support systems (DSS) in emergency situations are diverse and immense. In this contribution, we present recent advances in this area and highlight important challenges that remain.
GPS Systems Literature: Inaccuracy Factors And Effective Solutions (2016)

Today, Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used in almost every aspect of our daily life. Commonly, users utilize the technology to track the position of a vehicle or an object of interest. They also use it to safely navigate to the destination of their choice. As a result, there are countless number of GPS based tracking application that has been developed. But, a main recurring issue that exists among these applications are the inaccuracy of the tracking faced by users and this issue has become a rising concern. Most existing research have examined the effects that the inaccuracy of GPS have on users while others identified suitable methods to improve the accuracy of GPS based on one or two factors. The objective of this survey paper is to identify the common factors that affects the accuracy of GPS and identify an effective method which could mitigate or overcome most of those factors. As part of our research, we conducted a thorough examination of the existing factors for GPS inaccuracies. According to an initial survey that we have collected, most of the respondents has faced some form of GPS inaccuracy. Among the common issues faced are inaccurate object tracking and disconnection of GPS signal while using an application. As such, most of the respondents agree that it is necessary to improve the accuracy of GPS. This leads to another objective of this paper, which is to examine and evaluate existing methods as well as to identify the most effective method that could improve the accuracy of GPS.
What Is the Cochlear Place Code for Pitch? (1991)

The advent of cochlear implants has increased the clinical interest in the cochlear code for pitch. It is widely believed that pitch is determined by the location of the excitation maximum in the cochlea. However, direct recordings from cochlear hair cells indicate that, for a given sound frequency, the location changes appreciably with sound intensity, whereas the corresponding pitch remains approximately constant. Correlated with this constancy is a surprising constancy of the location of the high-frequency cutoff of cochlear excitation.
<i>Agrobacterium</i> transcriptional regulator Ros is a prokaryotic zinc finger protein that regulates the plant oncogene <i>ipt</i> (1998)

Virulence genes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens are under the control of positive and negative transcriptional regulators. We found that the transcriptional regulator Ros controls expression of the plant oncogene ipt, which encodes isopentenyl transferase, in A. tumefaciens. This enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of the plant growth hormone cytokinin in the host plant. An ipt promoter::cat reporter gene fusion showed a 10-fold increase in ipt promoter activity in A. tumefaciens ros mutant strains when compared with wild type. Also, increased levels (10- to 20-fold) of isopentenyl adenosine, the product of the reaction catalyzed by isopentenyl transferase, were detected in ros mutant strains. In vitro studies using purified Ros showed it binds directly to the ipt promoter. Analysis of the deduced Ros amino acid sequence identified a novel type of C2H2 zinc finger. In Ros the peptide loop spacing of the zinc finger is 9 amino acids as opposed to the invariant 12 amino acids in the classical C2H2 motif. Site-directed mutagenesis of Cys-82 and His-92 in this motif showed that these residues are essential for Zn2+ and DNA binding activities of Ros. The existence of such a regulator in Agrobacterium may be due to horizontal interkingdom retrotransfer of the ros gene from plant to bacteria.
SSKSRIF: Scale and Rotation Invariant Features Based on Spatial Space of Keypoints for Camera-Based Information Spotting (2018)

In this paper, we propose a new method to build a scale and rotation invariant descriptor for camera-based heterogeneous contents document image retrieval and spotting systems based on spatial information of keypoints. The descriptor is not only efficient to compute but also has low dimensionality. First, keypoints are extracted from an image using one of the dedicated detectors. And then, stable keypoints are sampled in order to compute descriptors based on geometric invariant from local organizations of the sampled keypoints via Delaunay triangulation graph. For sampling stable keypoints, we propose an approach which can deal with different scale level from scale space. The experimental results show that the proposed descriptor is promising for document image retrieval and spotting systems.
A Simplified Real-Time Road Network Model Considering Intersection Delay and its Application on Vehicle Navigation (2011)

The complexity of a real road network structure of a city and the variability of its real traffic information make a city’s intelligent transportation system (ITS) hard to meet the needs of the city’s vehicle navigation. This paper has proposed a simplified real-time road network model which can take into account the influence of intersection delay on the guidance for vehicles but avoid the calculation of intersection delay and troublesome collection of a city’s traffic data. Based on the new model, a navigation system has been presented, which can plan a dynamic optimal path for a vehicle according to the real-time traffic data received periodically from the city’s traffic center. A simulated experiment has been given. Compared with previous real-time road network models, the new model is much simpler and more effective on the calculation of vehicle navigation.
Evaluation of plasma 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and plasma 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as tumor markers in children with neuroblastoma (2001)

Catecholamines and their metabolites are important in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma (NB). Plasma (p-) levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) are increased in most NB, probably reflecting decreased DOPA decarboxylase activity. Urine (u-) homovanillic acid (HVA), a DOPA and dopamine (DA) metabolite. is also increased in most NB. DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is an important metabolite of DA in tissues with monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. Because MAO is expressed in NB tumor cells, we studied the importance of measuring p-DOPAC and p-DOPA as compared to u-HVA and u-vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in the diagnosis and follow-up of NB. DOPAC, DOPA, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, VMA and HVA were measured by reverse-phase HPLC with electrochemical detection in 106 children (28 with NB (13 newly diagnosed), 25 with other solid tumors, 28 hospitalized for nonneoplastic diseases, and 25 healthy children). P-DOPAC or p-DOPA concentrations were above the upper normal range in 92% of untreated NB patients, as were u-HVA or u-VMA levels. None of these tumor markers was correlated to tumor stage or survival. P-DOPA but not p-DOPAC was correlated to age in NB children. Increased values of p-DOPAC and p-DOPA were found in one patient surviving NB for 10 years. Plasma DOPAC concentrations were decreased in children hospitalized for non-NB diseases, probably reflecting reduced food intake. Plasma analyses of DOPA and DOPAC seem to be useful alternatives in the diagnosis and follow-up of NB if urine sampling is to be avoided. Plasma DOPAC may be an index of nutritional status in various diseases.
Stem cell treatment for Crohn’s disease (2010)

While stem cell-based treatments have been established as a clinical standard of care for some conditions, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplants for cancer, the scope of potential stem cell-based therapies has expanded in recent years due to advances in stem cell research, paving the way for the increasing utilization of stem cell therapies in severe immune-mediated diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and, in particular, Crohn's disease. Both hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal (stromal) stem cells are considered to be of potential therapeutic benefit in immune-mediated conditions. A growing body of experimental and clinical evidence shows that hematopoietic stem cell transplant induces long-lasting remission in a majority of patients with active severe Crohn's disease refractory to drug treatments, and the differential effect of potent immunosuppression and immune reconstitution in this setting is under evaluation. Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to exert immunomodulatory action on various types of immune-mediated diseases, and in experimental models of IBD, but evaluation of the potential efficacy of this therapy in IBD is still in the early stages.
An<i>Escherichia coli</i>MG1655 Lipopolysaccharide Deep-Rough Core Mutant Grows and Survives in Mouse Cecal Mucus but Fails To Colonize the Mouse Large Intestine (2003)

The ability of E. coli strains to colonize the mouse large intestine has been correlated with their ability to grow in cecal and colonic mucus. In the present study, an E. coli MG1655 strain was mutagenized with a mini-Tn5 Km (kanamycin) transposon, and mutants were tested for the ability to grow on agar plates with mouse cecal mucus as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. One mutant, designated MD42 (for mucus defective), grew poorly on cecal-mucus agar plates but grew well on Luria agar plates and on glucose minimal-agar plates. Sequencing revealed that the insertion in MD42 was in the waaQ gene, which is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core biosynthesis. Like "deep-rough" E. coli mutants, MD42 was hypersensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), bile salts, and the hydrophobic antibiotic novobiocin. Furthermore, its LPS core oligosaccharide was truncated, like that of a deep-rough mutant. MD42 initially grew in the large intestines of streptomycin-treated mice but then failed to colonize (<10(2) CFU per g of feces), whereas its parent colonized at levels between 10(7) and 10(8) CFU per g of feces. When mouse cecal mucosal sections were hybridized with an E. coli-specific rRNA probe, MD42 was observed in cecal mucus as clumps 24 h postfeeding, whereas its parent was present almost exclusively as single cells, suggesting that clumping may play a role in preventing MD42 colonization. Surprisingly, MD42 grew nearly as well as its parent during growth in undiluted, highly viscous cecal mucus isolated directly from the mouse cecum and, like its parent, survived well after reaching stationary phase, suggesting that there are no antimicrobials in mucus that prevent MD42 colonization. After mini-mariner transposon mutagenesis, an SDS-resistant suppressor mutant of MD42 was isolated. The mini-mariner insertion was shown to be in the bipA gene, a known regulator of E. coli surface components. When grown in Luria broth, the LPS core of the suppressor mutant remained truncated; however, the LPS core was not truncated when the suppressor mutant was grown in the presence of SDS. Moreover, when the suppressor mutant was grown in the presence of SDS and fed to mice, it colonized the mouse large intestine. Collectively, the data presented here suggest that BipA may play a role in E. coli MG1655 LPS core biosynthesis and that because MD42 forms clumps in intestinal mucus, it is unable to colonize the mouse large intestine.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES MATERIALS FOR BRIDGES IN THE 21ST CENTURY (1996)

Applications of advanced composite materials such as glass fibers, aramids or carbon fibers in polymer matrices are becoming increasingly important to extend the service life of our nation's bridge infrastructure into the 21st century. Advanced composite materials, primarily developed and used to date in the defense and aerospace industries, offer unique mechanical and chemical characteristics in terms of strength, stiffness, durability and adhesion to conventional structural materials, with great potential for a wide variety of infrastructure rehabilitation applications. While past attempts to introduce advanced composite materials such as glass, aramid or carbon fibre polymer matrix composites to the civil construction area have been unsuccessful largely due to economic issues, recent advances in new and automated manufacturing processes and base material cost reductions can make advanced composite materials affordable to a degree, where, in combination with strengths, weight and ease of installation benefits, very competitive rehabilitation systems can be developed. Recent research efforts in the US in general and at the University of California, San Diego, (UCSD), specifically address the development and application of advanced composites for seismic retrofitting and bridge infrastructure renewal in the form of automated polymer matrix composite (PMC) manufacturing and retrofit technology development for deficient concrete bridge columns, concrete deck replacement by all PMC bridge decks, and new all advanced composite bridge systems. (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E104933.
Eukaryotic mRNA 3′ processing: a common means to different ends: Figure 1. (2005)

In principle, the formation of the 3 end of a eukaryotic mRNA is a simple process. At a minimum, it involves the hydrolysis of a single phosphodiester bond in the nascent transcript. For one unique class of mRNAs, transcripts of the metazoan replication-dependent histone genes, this is indeed the only requirement. All other eukaryotic mRNAs require both cleavage and subsequent poly(A) addition to the newly generated 3 hydroxyl. Despite this apparent simplicity, and more than two decades of work, basic questions concerning the mechanisms of 3-end formation for both classes of transcripts persist. The accumulated evidence indicates that the mechanisms by which the ends of histone and polyadenylated mRNA are formed are fundamentally distinct, both in the factors responsible for processing and the RNA sequence elements that direct their action (for review, see Marzluff 2005; Zhao et al. 1999a). The 3 processing of polyadenylated mRNAs requires a complex of over a dozen proteins, nearly all of which are conserved from yeast to humans. In contrast, the formation of the 3 ends of the metazoan replication-dependent histone transcripts not only requires a unique set of proteins, but an essential snRNA component as well. In both cases, the identity of the endonuclease has remained largely a matter of speculation. Two reports—one from Kolev and Steitz (2005) in this issue of Genes & Development, and the second from Dominski et al. (2005a) have revealed that the mechanisms of poly(A) site processing and histone 3 processing are not quite as unique as they appear. Surprisingly, the two processing machines share a common core of proteins that almost certainly includes the endonuclease. The most exciting aspect of these reports, however, is that they provide a fresh insight into the evolution of what had seemed to be needlessly redundant mechanisms for generating mRNA 3 ends. In essence, these reports indicate that the enzymatic machinery responsible for cleaving all nascent pre-mRNAs is likely to be identical; the differences lie in the elaborate mechanisms that have evolved to recruit this machinery to the two classes of transcripts. The driving forces responsible for the evolution of two distinct 3 processing complexes are likely to involve the conflicting pressures of posttranscriptional regulation: coordinate cell cycle control of the replication-dependent histone mRNAs versus the developmental and cell-type-specific regulation of alternative poly(A) site selection.
Induction of systemic resistance to rust in <i>Vicia faba</i> by phosphate and EDTA: effects of calcium (1992)

Resistance in the upper leaves of broad bean ( Vicia faba ) plants to infection by the rust fungus, Uromyces viciae‐fabae, was increased following treatment of the lower leaves with 10 m m potassium phosphate or 5 m m EDTA. Increasing the interval between treatment of the lower leaves and inoculation of the upper leaves had little effect on rust infection. Thus rust infection was reduced by 50 and 34% if the upper leaves were inoculated 1 day after treatment of the lower leaves with potassium phosphate or EDTA, respectively, while there was a 75% reduction in infection if the interval between treatment and inoculation was increased to 12 days. Application of calcium nitrate (10 m m ) after the phosphate or EDTA treatments prevented the induction of systemic resistance. Calcium nitrate applied alone to the lower leaves had no significant effect on rust infection of the upper leaves.