gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral Clonidine Premedication Enhances the Quality of Postoperative Analgesia by Intrathecal Morphine (1996)

Since clonidine potentiates the analgesia by morphine, the current study was performed to investigate whether oral clonidine premedication would enhance the postoperative analgesia by intrathecal morphine. Twenty-six patients, aged 37-60 yr, schedule for abdominal total hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia, were studied. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups; the clonidine group (n = 13) received oral clonidine approximately 5 micrograms/kg, and the control group (n = 13) received no clonidine. All patients received hyperbaric tetracaine 12 mg dissolved in 10% dextrose and morphine 0.2 mg for spinal anesthesia. We measured duration of analgesia (time to the first request for supplemental analgesics) and motor block. We also recorded the total number of injections of supplemental analgesics, and intensity of postoperative visual analog pain scores, nausea, and pruritus for 48 h after intrathecal administration. Duration of analgesia in the clonidine group was longer than the control group (2017 +/- 263 vs 1190 +/- 199 min, mean +/- SEM; P < 0.05). Although there was no difference in the total number of injections of supplemental analgesics (1.1 +/- 0.4 and 2.2 +/- 0.3 in the clonidine and control groups, respectively), the number of patients not requiring supplemental analgesics during the entire study period was larger in the clonidine group than the control group (six patients versus one patient; P < 0.05). There were no differences at any observation point between groups in visual analog pain scores, or the incidence of nausea and pruritus. Oral clonidine preanesthetic medication enhances the postoperative analgesia of intrathecal morphine plus tetracaine without increasing the intensity of side effects from morphine.
Genetic Evidence that Ferric Reductase Is Required for Iron Uptake in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1990)

The requirement for a reduction step in cellular iron uptake has been postulated, and the existence of plasma membrane ferric reductase activity has been described in both procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there is an externally directed reductase activity that is regulated by the concentration of iron in the growth medium; maximal activity is induced by iron starvation. We report here the isolation of a mutant of S. cerevisiae lacking the reductase activity. This mutant is deficient in the uptake of ferric iron and is extremely sensitive to iron deprivation. Genetic analysis of the mutant demonstrates that the reductase and ferric uptake deficiencies are due to a single mutation that we designate fre1-1. Both phenotypes cosegregate in meiosis, corevert with a frequency of 10(-7), and are complemented by a 3.5-kilobase fragment of genomic DNA from wild-type S. cerevisiae. This fragment contains FRE1, the wild-type allele of the mutant gene. The level of the gene transcript is regulated by iron in the same was as the reductase activity. The ferrous ion product of the reductase must traverse the plasma membrane. A high-affinity (Km = 5 microM) ferrous uptake system is present in both wild-type and mutant cells. Thus, iron uptake in S. cerevisiae is mediated by two plasma membrane components, a reductase and a ferrous transport system.
A decentralised and extensible system of Java concurrent objects to monitor and control TCP/IP networks (2002)

This paper presents a decentralised architecture that is comprised of a set of scripts, agents and concurrent objects that interact among them to perform thee tasks of monitoring and control of the devices resources and processes that are interconnected by means of a TCP/IP network. The scripts perform network management tasks and can be deployed and executed in the managed nodes on demand by using a set of cooperative agents. Concurrent objects abstract the network elements. They act autonomously to monitor the state of the network elements and can perform corrective actions on them if a malfunctioning is detected. Executing the scripts through the agents does this. Besides, it is possible to interact remotely with a concurrent object by using rules in first predicate order logic. A rule allows expressing actions that the object has to perform if it has reached a given state. The system has been developed almost entirely in Java and it is a good example of how the centralised framework proposed by SNMP can coexist with a decentralised architecture in which the distribution of control, processing and intelligence of the management tasks is obtained.
Study of callus growth and organ formation in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) tissue cultures (1975)

Callus cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were established by incubation of segments from root tips, shoots of seedlings, and from rachis with B5 and T media. 2,4,5-Tri-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, Benazolin, and Banvel D (Dicamba) were found to be appropriate growth regulators for initiation and maintenance of wheat callus cultures. Cytokinins inhibited callus growth. This effect was less pronounced with zeatin than with kinetin and benzyladenine. Supplementation of media with cytokinins, however, increased the number of roots formed in the callus. Shoots and complete plants were regenerated from rachis and shoot callus.
Confining Sulfur in Double‐Shelled Hollow Carbon Spheres for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2012)

Going into their shell: A novel carbon–sulfur nanocomposite has been synthesized by confining sulfur in double-shelled “soft” carbon hollow spheres (see figure) with high surface area and porosity. This carbon–sulfur nanocomposite shows outstanding electrochemical performance when evaluated as a cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Allelic Diversity of the Two Transferrin Binding Protein B Gene Isotypes among a Collection of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Strains Representative of Serogroup B Disease: Implication for the Composition of a Recombinant TbpB-Based Vaccine (2000)

The distribution of the two isotypes of tbpB in a collection of 108 serogroup B meningococcal strains belonging to the four major clonal groups associated with epidemic and hyperendemic disease (the ET-37 complex, the ET-5 complex, lineage III, and cluster A4) was determined. Isotype I strains (with a 1.8-kb tbpB gene) was less represented than isotype II strains (19.4 versus 80.6%). Isotype I was restricted to the ET-37 complex strains, while isotype II was found in all four clonal complexes. The extent of the allelic diversity of tbpB in these two groups was studied by PCR restriction analysis and sequencing of 10 new tbpB genes. Four major tbpB gene variants were characterized: B16B6 (representative of isotype I) and M982, BZ83, and 8680 (representative of isotype II). The relevance of these variants was assessed at the antigenic level by the determination of cross-bactericidal activity of purified immunoglobulin G preparations raised to the corresponding recombinant TbpB (rTbpB) protein against a panel of 27 strains (5 of isotype I and 22 of isotype II). The results indicated that rTbpB corresponding to each variant was able to induce cross-bactericidal antibodies. However, the number of strains killed with an anti-rTbpB serum was slightly lower than that obtained with an anti-TbpA(+)B complex. None of the sera tested raised against an isotype I strain was able to kill an isotype II strain and vice versa. None of the specific antisera tested (anti-rTbpB or anti-TbpA(+)B complex) was able to kill all of the 22 isotype II strains tested. Moreover, using sera raised against the C-terminus domain of TbpB M982 (amino acids 352 to 691) or BZ83 (amino acids 329 to 669) fused to the maltose-binding protein, cross-bactericidal activity was detected against 12 and 7 isotype II strains, respectively, of the 22 tested. These results suggest surface accessibility of the C-terminal end of TbpB. Altogether, these results show that although more than one rTbpB will be required in the composition of a TbpB-based vaccine to achieve a fully cross-bactericidal activity, rTbpB and its C terminus were able by themselves to induce cross-bactericidal antibodies.
A LAN system interface chip with selectable bus protocols (1985)

THE DESIGN OF A CHIP providing interface to a VLSI chip set implementing an IEEE802.5 compatible Local Area Network (LAN) adapter will be described. The chip set’ includes pairs of VLSI and MSI media interface chips. The attaching system bus can be microprocessor compatible, eight or sixteen bits wide, and either synchronous or asynchronous.
Influence of quaternary structure of the globin on thermal spin equilibria in different methemoglobin derivatives (1978)

We have measured the paramagnetic susceptibilities of sperm whale azide metmyoglobin and of carp azide, thiocyanate, and nitrite methemoglobin in the quaternary oxy (R) and deoxy (T) structures between about 300 and 90 K, using a new sensitive superconducting magnetometer. We have also measured the pressure dependence of the high- and low-spin optical absorption bands of azide metmyoglobin and of carp azide methemoglobin in the R and T structures between 1 and 2000-4000 atmospheres. At low temperatures all the derivatives show normal Curie behavior, but above 200-250 K this is reversed, so that a thermal spin equilibrium is set up and the paramagnetic susceptibilities rise steeply with rising temperature. At all temperatures the effective magnetic moments in the T structure are higher than in the R structure. The magnetic data for azide methemoglobin have been subjected to detailed analysis. Below 250 K the magnetic moment in the R structure is 1.98 microB, characteristic of pure low spin, but that in the T structure is 2.80 microB, suggestive of a random mixture of high- and low-spin centers which have become frozen in by the immobility of the surrounding protein. Comparison of the thermal spin equilibria above 250 K shows that in the T structure the equilibrium is biased toward higher spin by the equivalent of about 1 kcal/mol relative to the R structure. Hydrostatic pressure reduces the optical density of the high-spin band at 630 nm and increases that of the low-spin bands at 541 and 573 nm. We have calibrated the optical density of the band at 630 nm against the measured paramagnetic susceptibilities of sperm whale azide metmyoglobin and carp azide methemoglobin in the R and T structures and have used this calibration to determine the dependence of the spin equilibria on hydrostatic pressure; this has allowed us to calculate the volume contraction associated with the transition from the fully high to the fully low-spin state. This amounts to -6.7 and -13.3 mL/mol heme for carp azide methemoglobins in the R and T structures, respectively, and to -12.5 mL/mol heme for azide metmyoglobin. These volume contractions are larger than those of about -4 mL/mol Fe found in synthetic iron chelates. Apparently stereochemical changes of the globin surrounding the heme also contribute to the volume changes; these must be larger in the T than in the R structure. The significance of these observations for the mechanism of heme-heme interaction is discussed.
Pharmacokinetic Characterization of the Novel Pulmonary Delivery Excipient Fumaryl Diketopiperazine (2010)

Background: Technosphere® [Bis-3, 6(4-fumarylaminobutyl)-2, 5-diketopiperazine (FDKP)] microparticles, the integral component of the Technosphere inhalation system, deliver drugs to the deep lung and have been used to administer insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 via inhalation in clinical studies. Three studies were conducted to characterize FDKP pharmacokinetics, including assessments in subjects with diabetic nephropathy (DNP), in subjects with chronic liver disease (CLD), and in healthy subjects. Methods: An open-label, nonrandomized, two-period, fixed-sequence crossover absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) study was conducted in six healthy nonsmoking men who received single intravenous and oral doses of [ 14 C]FDKP solution, with serial sampling of blood, urine, feces, and expired air. Additionally, two single-dose, open-label, parallel-design studies with 20 mg of inhaled FDKP were conducted in (1) 12 diabetic subjects with normal renal function and 24 DNP subjects and (2) 12 healthy subjects and 21 CLD subjects. Results: In the ADME study, >95% of the intravenous dose and <3% of the oral dose were recovered in urine, with no evidence of metabolism. No significant pharmacokinetic differences were observed between healthy subjects and CLD subjects [geometric mean (% coefficient of variation) area under the curve from time 0 to 480 minutes (AUC 0-480 ): 26,710 (34.8) and 31,477 (28.8) ng/ml·min, respectively]. Maximum observed drug concentration ( C max ) and AUC 0-480 were higher in DNP subjects than in subjects with normal renal function [ C max : 159.9 (59.4) ng/ml versus 147.0 (44.3) ng/ml; AUC 0-480 : 36,869 (47.2) ng/ml·min versus 30,474 (31.8) ng/ml·min]. None of the differences observed were considered clinically significant. Conclusions: Fumaryl diketopiperazine is predominantly cleared unchanged by the kidney with essentially no oral bioavailability. Technosphere is a safe delivery vehicle for medications administered via inhalation.
Improving Deep Reinforcement Learning with Knowledge Transfer (2017)

Recent successes in applying Deep Learning techniques on Reinforcement Learning algorithms have led to a wave of breakthrough developments in agent theory and established the field of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). While DRL has shown great results for single task learning, the multi-task case is still underrepresented in the available literature. This D.Sc. research proposal aims at extending DRL to the multi- task case by leveraging the power of Transfer Learning algorithms to improve the training time and results for multi-task learning. Our focus lies on defining a novel framework for scalable DRL agents that detects similarities between tasks and balances various TL techniques, like parameter initialization, policy or skill transfer.
PLATELET GEL AS AN INTRAOPERATIVELY PROCURED PLATELET-BASED ALTERNATIVE TO FIBRIN GLUE (1998)

For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic reshaping, as well as news on medicolegal issues. The cosmetic section provides expanded coverage on new procedures and techniques.
Mutational analysis of the role of the conserved lysine-270 in the Pichia stipitis xylose reductase (1998)

Xylose reductase catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of xylose to xylitol and is essential for growth on xylose by yeasts. To understand the nature of coenzyme binding to the Pichia stipitis xylose reductase, we investigated the role of the strictly conserved Lys270 in the putative IPKS coenzyme binding motif by site-directed mutagenesis. The Lys270Met variant exhibited lower enzyme activity than the wild-type enzyme. The apparent affinity of the variant for NADPH was decreased 5–16-fold, depending on the substrate used, while the apparent affinity for NADH, measured using glyceraldehyde as the substrate, remained unchanged. This resulted in 4.3-fold higher affinity for NADH over NADPH using glyceraldehyde as the substrate. The variant also showed a 14-fold decrease in Km for xylose, but only small changes were observed in Km values for glyceraldehyde. The wild-type enzyme, but not the Lys270Met variant, was susceptible to modification by the Lys-specific pyridoxal 5′-phosphate. Results of our chemical modification and site-directed mutagenesis study indicated that Lys270 is involved in both NADPH and d-xylose binding in the P. stipitis xylose reductase.
Differential effects of organic hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide on proteolysis in human erythrocytes (1989)

The effects of tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and hydrogen peroxide on proteolysis in human red blood cells have been examined. The organic hydroperoxides effectively stimulated the rate of protein degradation in red cells and in hemolysate; in contrast, H2O2 addition was without significant effect in either system. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide or cumene hydroperoxide (8 mM) increased the rate of protein degradation in red cells 2.3- and 4-fold, respectively, relative to control as monitored by tyrosine release. In hemolysate, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide, present at 8 mM, produced a 2- and 3-fold increase in the rate of protein degradation, respectively, as compared to controls. Hydroperoxide-stimulated proteolysis in red cells or in hemolysate was concentration-dependent and reached saturation at 8 mM hydroperoxide. The reaction was linear for 2 h after which a plateau was reached. In contrast to the results observed for the organic hydroperoxides, H2O2 (100 or 200 mM) addition either alone or in the presence of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (50-200 mM), failed to stimulate proteolysis. N-Acetylcysteine (20 mM) and dimethylthiourea (50 mM) inhibited the rate of hydroperoxide-stimulated proteolysis in red cells by approximately 50 and approximately 35%, respectively, and in hemolysate by 25 and 40%, respectively. The hydroxyl radical scavengers methyl sulfoxide (50 mM) or dimethylfuran (50 mM), metal ion chelators, or spin traps failed to decrease significantly the rate of organic hydroperoxide stimulated proteolysis. In addition, inhibitors of the calpain/procalpain system in red cell or hemolysate incubations challenged by organic hydroperoxide were without significant effect on the rate of proteolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mastering the Requirements Process (2000)

● The teaching chapters are reinforced with hands-on workshops. ● Discuss issues with an instructor who has real-world experience. ● Learn industry-proven requirements techniques. ● In the final session, through discussions, interaction and demonstrations, you ensure that you have the requirements process that is suitable for your organization. ● Receive the Volere Requirements Specification Template with advice on how to make this your own template. ● Receive a copy of Suzanne and James Robertson's book Mastering the Requirements Process Second Edition. Special Features
Mast Cells and Airway Inflammation in Asthma (1994)

A number of new observations have added to our understanding of mast cell biology and the relevance of this cell to the genesis of asthma. The purpose of this review has been to highlight this new information and to refer the reader to extensive reviews where previously documented and well-known data are available. Of particular current interest is the knowledge that mast cell growth and differentiation is regulated by a specific molecule, stem cell factor, which interacts with a receptor on the surface of the mast cell (a tyrosine kinase) and that mast cell phenotype may be modulated by exposure to stem cell factor as well as to a host of inflammatory cytokines. In addition to the ability to release vasoactive/spasmogenic mediators characterized by histamine, the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (sulfidopeptide leukotrienes), platelet-activating factor, and adenosine, the mast cell can release a unique family of enzymes and generate a cassette of cytokines with critically important pro-inflammatory potential. The enzymes that are unique to the mast cell can potentiate a number of inflammatory events central to asthma, including fibroblast activation, mucus secretion, smooth muscle contraction, and neuropeptide degradation, while the cytokines may directly influence the influx, persistence, and activity of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophilis and basophils, through the ability of the cytokines to modulate endothelial expression of leukocyte adhesion receptors and to prevent target cell apoptosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abspaltung aromatisch gebundenen Wasserstoffs und Verknüpfung aromatischer Kerne durch Aluminiumchlorid (1912)

Zum Verkniipfen aromatischer Kcrne durch Abspaltung
Discrimination (2018)

A principle forbidding discrimination is widely used to criticize and prohibit actions and policies that disadvantage racial, ethnic and religious groups, women and homosexuals. Discriminatory actions often rely on unfavourable group stereotypes and the belief that members of certain groups are not worthy of equal treatment. A prohibition of discrimination applies to the distribution of important benefits such as education and jobs, and says that people are not to be awarded or denied such benefits on grounds of characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion or gender. Attempts have been made to expand this principle to cover institutional discrimination. Discrimination is morally wrong because its premise that one group is less worthy than another is insulting to its victims, because it harms its victims by reducing their self-esteem and opportunities, and because it is unfair.
An indea to unlimit the number of applicable leads in Holter electrocardiography. (1989)

2誘導Holter心電図で虚血性ST偏位を診断する際, 誘導数不足が懸念される.著者は, この対策として, 二つの誘導情報から第3の情報を合成により求める方法を考案した.方法: 1) ベクトル減算からV5-V1, V6-V1, V5-V2, V6-V2の誘導ベクトルを作図し, Frankの写像面との交点を求め, 各点に対応する体表面上の点の単極誘導心電図と, V1, V2, V5, V6の出力を差動増幅器で合成した上記各合成誘導心電図とを比較した.2) 各種右冠状動脈疾患例におけるV5-V2誘導の有用性を検討した.結果: 1) V5-V1とV6, V6-V1とV7, V5-V2とV8, (V8の一肋間下) , V6-V2とV9, (V9の一肋間下) の心電図波形は80%以上の例で一致した.2) 右冠状動脈疾患でのV5-V2とV8, のST, T変化は85%以上の例で一致した.結論: 本法は, 二つの誘導情報から第3の誘導の情報が連続的に得られ, Holter心電図の誘導数制約の解決に有用と考えられた.
Technology platforms for remote monitoring of vital signs in the new era of telemedicine (2015)

Driven by healthcare cost and home healthcare need, the development of remote monitoring technologies is poised to improve and revolutionize healthcare delivery and accessibility. This paper reviews the recent progress in the field of remote monitoring technologies that may have the potential to become the basic platforms for telemedicine. In particular, key techniques and devices for monitoring cardiorespiratory activity, blood pressure and blood glucose concentration are summarized and discussed. In addition, the US FDA approved remote vital signs monitoring devices currently available on the market are presented.
Practical iterative reconstruction methods for quantitative cardiac SPECT image reconstruction (1994)

We proposed a practical iterative reconstruction method for cardiac SPECT imaging. The method consisted of four major parts. First, the first order Chang reconstructed image with attenuation compensation for the chest region was obtained as the initial estimate. The iterative weighted least square-conjugate gradient (WLS-CG) reconstruction algorithm, known for its fast convergence rate, was then applied. A projector/backprojector which modeled the nonuniform attenuation and the spatially variant collimator-detector response was used with the WLS-CG algorithm to provide accurate compensation for the effects of attenuation and collimator-detector response. Finally a smoothing filter was used to suppress noise amplification between iterations. The method was evaluated relative to conventional reconstruction methods in terms of quantitative accuracy, image noise and ventricular wall thickness. We conclude that the practical iterative reconstruction method has great potential for clinical use in providing cardiac SPECT images with high quantitative accuracy and low image noise within a few iterations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>