gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Africans, Arabs, and Islamists: From the Conference Tables to the Battlefields in the Sudan (1999)

This essay traces the military and diplomatic stalemate in the Sudan from 1955 to the present, with special attention directed to events of the past decade. Today, the Sudan government appears determined to maintain itself in power at whatever cost. Yet the Northern Sudanese opposition has sought a reconciliation with their former enemies from the South who with their experienced military forces now hold the balance of power within the opposition forces. The history of the abortive negotiations during this past decade appears only to lead to a resolution on the field of battle which cannot be accomplished by enemies too weak to vanquish one another. R6sume: Cet essai esquisse l'impasse militaire et diplomatique dans le Soudan a partir de 1955 etjusqu'au present; mais les 6venements de la derniere decade sont centrals. Aujourd'hui le gouvernement parait determine cofite que cofite a s'accrocher au pouvoir. Mais l'opposition du Soudan du Nord a tente de trouver une reconciliation avec leurs ennemis du Sud qui maintiennent l'quilibre du pouvoir entre les forces opposres, grace ' l'experience de leurs forces militaires. Cette histoire de negociations sans resultat pendant la derniere decennie semble seulement mener a une resolution sur le champ de bataille, entre des ennemis trop faibles pour aboutir a une victoire. African Studies Review, Volume 42, Number 2 (September 1999), pp. 105-23 Robert O. Collins is Professor Emeritus in the Department of History at the University of California Santa Barbara. He has written extensively on the Sudan, particularly the Southern Sudan, past and present, during the last half century. Shadows in the Grass: Britain in the Southern Sudan, 1918-1956 (Yale, 1983) was awarded the John Snow Ben Prize. His latest book, with Millard Burr, is Africa's Thirty Years War. Libya, Chad, and the Sudan, 1963-1993 (Boulder: Westview, 1999).
A wide-band high-resolution spectrum analyzer (1988)

This paper describes a two-million-channel 40-MHz-bandwidth, digital spectrum analyzer under development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The analyzer system will serve as a prototype processor for the sky survey portion of NASA's Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence program and for other applications in the Deep Space Network. The analyzer digitizes an analog input, performs a 2(21)-point, Discrete Fourier Transform, accumulates the output power, normalizes the output to remove frequency-dependent gain, and automates simple signal detection algorithms. Due to its built-in frequency-domain processing functions and configuration flexibility, the analyzer is a very powerful tool for real-time signal analysis and detection.
ELECTRONIC CHEMICALS (1997)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTELECTRONIC CHEMICALSLightning-fast electronics market sparks semiconductor chemicalsELISABETH M. KIRSCHNERView Author Information C&EN Northeast News BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1997, 75, 47, 25–40Publication Date (Print):November 24, 1997Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 24 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v075n047.p025https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n047.p025newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Aluminum,Gases,Industrial manufacturing,Materials,Semiconductors Get e-Alerts
The deduced protein sequence of the human carboxypeptidase N high molecular weight subunit reveals the presence of leucine-rich tandem repeats. (1990)

Human plasma carboxypeptidase N is a 280-kDa tetramer with two high molecular mass (83-kDa) glycosylated subunits which protect the two 50-kDa catalytic subunits and keep them in the circulation. An initial clone for the 83-kDa subunit was obtained by screening two lambda gt11 human liver cDNA expression libraries with antiserum specific for carboxypeptidase N or the 83-kDa subunit. The libraries were rescreened with the labeled cloned cDNA, and the largest clone obtained (2536-base pair insert) was completely sequenced. The deduced protein sequence matched the sequence of several tryptic peptides from the 83-kDa subunit but did not contain the NH2-terminal sequence. The remaining portion of the protein coding sequence was synthesized by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. The composite cDNA sequence is 2870 base pairs long with an open reading frame of 1608 base pair coding for a protein of 536 amino acids (Mr = 58,762). The protein sequence contains seven potential N-linked glycosylation sites and a threonine/serine-rich region which is a potential site for attachment of O-linked carbohydrate. The most striking feature is a region (residues 68-355) containing 12 leucine-rich tandem repeats of 24 residues with the following consensus sequence: P-X-X-alpha-F-X-X-L-X-X-L-X-X-L-X-L-X-X-N-X-L-X-X-L (X = any amino acid and alpha = aliphatic amino acids, I, L, or V). This repeating pattern is found in the leucine-rich alpha 2-glycoprotein and in other proteins where it might mediate interactions with macromolecules. This region also contains five sequences with heptad repeating leucine residues comprising a leucine zipper motif. The leucine-rich domain likely constitutes an important structural or functional element in the interactions of the 83- and 50-kDa subunits to form the active tetramer of carboxypeptidase N.
Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse Der Schwedischen Entomologischen Reise Des Herrn Dr. A. Roman In Amazonas 1914-1915. 7. Formicidae. (1923)

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Pathological Mechanisms of Skin Homing T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis (2010)

Skin infiltration of circulating memory T cells with cutaneous tropism is considered one of the pathologic mechanisms in atopic dermatitis (AD). Skin-seeking circulating T lymphocytes can be identified by their expression of the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen on the cell surface. Recent studies have contributed useful new information about the function and recirculation properties of those cells in AD patients. This review integrates the latest findings on peripheral cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen memory T cells in AD and highlights the relevance of this cell type and its importance to our understanding of the pathologic mechanisms of AD.
Presence of nitric oxide synthase activity in roots and nodules of <i>Lupinus albus</i> (1996)

NO is a widespread messenger molecule in physiology. We were interested in investigating whether an NO-generating system could be present in plants. NO and L-[14C]citrulline were synthesized by roots and nodules of Lupinus albus in an L-arginine-dependent manner. L-[14C]Citrulline production was inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase antagonist, in a competitive way. NADPH-diaphorase activity was localized in the vascular bundles in root and nodules, and also in the nodule infected zone. This staining was significantly reduced in the presence of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine. These results indicate the presence of a putative nitric oxide synthase in plants.
<title>Methodology for using intelligent agents to apply simulation technologies to the mission operational environment</title> (1999)

This paper proposes a methodology for applying simulation technology to the monitoring and control of operations, focusing on the roles of intelligent agents. These agents monitor the course of the real operation and compare it with a near-real-time simulation of that operation. When these agents detect significant differences between the planned operation and the real operation they explore the discrepancies to determine if they impact on the desired outcome of the operation. When necessary, these agents launch additional simulations or other tools to make this determination. In cases in which the success of the plan is threatened, the agents advise the decision-maker. This paper focuses on the interactions between the agents and how they collaborate with each other in a hierarchy.
Combined Arterial Spin Labeling and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Noninvasive Estimation of Capillary Volume Fraction and Permeability-Surface Product in the Human Brain (2012)

A number of two-compartment models have been developed for the analysis of arterial spin labeling (ASL) data, from which both cerebral blood flow (CBF) and capillary permeability-surface product (PS) can be estimated. To derive values of PS, the volume fraction of the ASL signal arising from the intravascular space (v(bw)) must be known a priori. We examined the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and subsequent analysis using the intravoxel incoherent motion model to determine v(bw) in the human brain. These data were then used in a two-compartment ASL model to estimate PS. Imaging was performed in 10 healthy adult subjects, and repeated in five subjects to test reproducibility. In gray matter (excluding large arteries), mean voxel-wise v(bw) was 2.3±0.2 mL blood/100 g tissue (all subjects mean±s.d.), and CBF and PS were 44±5 and 108±2 mL per 100 g per minute, respectively. After spatial smoothing using a 6-mm full width at half maximum Gaussian kernel, the coefficient of repeatability of CBF, v(bw) and PS were 8 mL per 100 g per minute, 0.4 mL blood/100 g tissue, and 13 mL per 100 g per minute, respectively. Our results show that the combined use of ASL and DWI can provide a new, noninvasive methodology for estimating v(bw) and PS directly, with reproducibility that is sufficient for clinical use.
Murine common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CD10 neutral endopeptidase 24.11). Molecular characterization, chromosomal localization, and modeling of the active site (1992)

To further analyze CD10/NEP function in lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells using well characterized murine systems, we isolated the murine CD10/NEP homologue, determined its chromosomal location, and modeled the enzyme's active site. The murine CD10/NEP cDNA predicts a 750-amino acid (aa) type II integral membrane protein with 90% identity to the human CD10 sequence and 100% conservation of critical aa and functional motifs. The latter include the pentapeptide consensus sequence required for zinc binding and catalytic activity, additional aa associated with substrate binding, and the extracellular cysteines that participate in disulfide bonds required for enzymatic activity. Like its human homologue, murine CD10/NEP has multiple alternative 5'-untranslated region sequences. The gene is localized on the proximal half of murine chromosome 3. In Northern analysis, murine CD10/NEP transcripts are abundant in bone marrow stromal cells that support pre-B cell differentiation but are undetectable in representative Abelson transformed pre-B cell lines. The murine CD10/NEP active site was modeled by aligning critical conserved CD10/NEP residues with comparable residues in the active site of thermolysin, a bacterial metalloprotease with similar substrate specificity. The model predicts that the two enzymes have similar clefts that comprise the active site and permit zinc-dependent substrate interactions.
Amine-Catalyzed Asymmetric (3 + 3) Annulations of β′-Acetoxy Allenoates: Enantioselective Synthesis of 4<i>H</i>-Pyrans (2016)

The asymmetric (3 + 3) annulations of β'-acetoxy allenoates with either 3-oxo-nitriles or pyrazolones have been realized by using 6'-deoxy-6'-[(l)-N,N-(2,2'-oxidiethyl)-valine amido]quinine (6h) as the catalyst. The three functions of catalyst 6h, including Lewis base (quinuclidine N), H-bond donor (amide NH), and Brønsted base (morpholine N), cooperatively take crucial roles on the chemo- and enantioselectivity, allowing for the construction of 4H-pyran and 4H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole in high yields and enantioselectivity.
Glutamatergic copy number variants and their role in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2014)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component. The glutamate metabotropic receptor genes (GRMs) have been considered potential candidates for ADHD susceptibility. The aim of the present study was to investigate if copy number variants (CNVs) in GRM1, GRM5, and GRM8 genes are overrepresented in ADHD subjects. A total of 1038 individuals with ADHD and 1057 subjects without this disorder were investigated. No significant difference in the total number of CNVs was found comparing the entire ADHD sample and the population sample without ADHD (P = 0.326, OR = 1.112, 95% CI = 0.762-1.624). The presence of CNVs was associated with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in ADHD samples (P = 0.026, OR = 1.824, 95% CI = 1.066-3.121) but not in the sample of individuals without ADHD. CNVs in GRM5 were associated with presence of anxiety disorders in ADHD cases (P = 0.002, OR = 3.915, 95% CI = 1.631-9.402), but not in individuals without ADHD. Taken together, our results suggest a role for glutamate in ADHD as CNVs in the glutamatergic genes investigated herein were associated with cognitive and clinical characteristics of ADHD individuals.
A model for induction of T cell-independent humoral immunity in response to polysaccharide antigens (1996)

We provide a model for induction of T cell-independent, polysaccharide-specific Ig secretion in response to bacterial challenge. Two predominant pathways are defined that require the concerted action of multivalent membrane Ig cross-linking by the polysaccharide Ag with 1) various B cell-activating moieties contained within the bacterial pathogen and/or 2) cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor produced by NK cells and macrophages, that become activated in a T cell-independent manner during bacterial infection.
The P303T mutation in the human factor VII (FVII) gene alters the conformational state of the enzyme and causes a severe functional deficiency (2004)

We report the results of in vitro expression and biochemical characterization of the naturally occurring type II mutation Pro303Thr (P303T) in the factor VII (FVII) gene. Recombinant activated mutated FVII (FVIIa303T), compared with the activated wild-type FVII (FVIIaWT), showed reduced amidase activity toward synthetic substrates, especially when the observed reduced binding affinity for human soluble tissue factor (TF) (K(d) from 4.4 nmol/l for FVIIaWT to 17.3 nmol/l for FVIIa303T) was overcome by a fully saturating TF concentration. Likewise, factor X (FX) hydrolysis by FVIIa303T showed a reduced activity in the absence (and more severely in the presence) of TF (k(cat)/K(m) from 2.3 x 10(7)/mol/l s for FVIIaWT to 8.7 x 10(5)/mol/l s for FVIIa303T). These results showed that the mutant FVIIa is more shifted toward a zymogen-like form compared to FVIIaWT, suggesting that P303 facilitates the conformational transitions that stabilize the active form of FVIIa. The alteration of these allosteric equilibria is especially evident in the presence of TF, which was unable to shift the equilibrium toward a fully active FVIIa form. Additional experiments showed that both TF-catalysed FVII303T autoactivation and FVII303T activation by activated FX in the presence of TF were severely impaired, mainly because of an increase of the K(m) value. Altogether, these defects may explain the severe bleeding symptoms in a patient carrying the FVIIP303T mutation.
Pannexin membrane channels are mechanosensitive conduits for ATP (2004)

Intercellular calcium wave propagation initiated by mechanical stress is a phenomenon found in nearly all cell types. The waves utilize two pathways: transfer of InsP3 directly from cell to cell through gap junction channels and release of ATP onto extracellular purinergic receptors. The conduit for ATP has remained elusive and both a vesicular and a channel mediated release have been considered. Here, we describe the properties of single pannexin 1 channels. They have a wide expression spectrum, they are of large conductance and permeant for ATP, and they are mechanosensitive. Hence, pannexins are candidates for the release of ATP to the extracellular space upon mechanical stress.
Targeted disruption of the TGA3 locus in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1995)

A major drawback to study gene functions in plant systems is the lack of an effective gene knockout strategy. With a large number of plant genes isolated and the accelerating pace by which this collection is growing, the need for their functional analyses at the whole plant level has become increasingly urgent. Here evidence is reported for the first successful disruption of a non-selectable gene in Arabidopsis thaliana by creating a mutant of the TGA3 locus via targeted insertion of the bacterial neo gene conferring kanamycin (Km) resistance. A beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression unit outside the region of homology was used as a screenable marker to distinguish homologous recombination events from those of ectopic insertions. PCR amplification coupled with Southern blot screening identified two putative homologous recombination events among 2580 Kmr calli. One callus line was subsequently isolated and the structure of the targeted TGA3 allele confirmed by Southern blot analyses. This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting a non-selectable locus in Arabidopsis. Combined with future improvements in negative selection strategies and efficient transformation methodologies, gene replacement studies in plants could become a routine technique.
CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF JP-4, JET A AND MIXTURES OF THESE FUELS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES (1986)

Capillary gas chromatographic data can be used to distinguish between JP-4 and commercial Jet A fuels that have contaminated groundwater. This is accomplished from chromatographic patterns by using normalized area percents of the C-15 and C-16 n-alkane components. Analyses of the neat fuels, mixtures of the neat fuels and of their solvent extract from water have been performed. Analyses of contaminated groundwaters have identified the presence of jet fuel and other distillate fuels similar to diesel fuel. Even with the complex nature of these fuels, percent amounts of each fuel present as a contaminant could be determined. This technique may prove useful in determining the party responsible for pollution of groundwater.
Model-based proportional-integral-derivative autotuning improved with relay feedback identification (2005)

Relay-based identification is employed to obtain, using one point of the Nyquist curve of an unknown process, reliable information on the time scale of its dynamics. Using this information to parameterise a process model improves the results of model-based proportional-integral-derivative tuning.
This intelligent and sympathetic book (1987)

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Lumped equivalent circuits of magnetic components: the gyrator-capacitor approach (1993)

In place of the conventional reluctance-resistance analogy for forming lumped equivalent circuits of inductive components, a permeance-capacitance analogy is advocated. In this approach, magnetic paths are modeled by capacitive circuits and windings are represented by gyrator two-ports. The technique is applied to the integrated magnetics of a zero-ripple isolated Cuk DC-DC converter allowing its electrical and magnetic circuits to be simultaneously simulated with SPICE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Double parity sparing for improvement of performance and reliability in disk arrays (2002)

RAID level 5 disk arrays provide reliable, cost-effective secondary storage with high performance. Sparing schemes have been proposed to improve the reliability and the performance of RAID 5 disk arrays. In this paper, we propose a new sparing technique, double parity sparing. We evaluate the performance and reliability of the proposed scheme in various modes of operation. We present results from simulations to show that the proposed scheme offers better performance in some modes. Also, it is shown that the proposed scheme provides better reliability.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mediate p300-dependent STAT1 Protein Interaction with Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)-γ in CD36 Protein Expression and Foam Cell Formation (2015)

Previously, we have demonstrated that 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (15(S)-HETE) induces CD36 expression involving STAT1. Many studies have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ mediates CD36 expression. Therefore, we asked the question whether these transcriptional factors interact with each other in the regulation of CD36 expression by 15(S)-HETE. Here, we show that STAT1 interacts with PPARγ in the induction of CD36 expression and foam cell formation by 15(S)-HETE. In addition, using molecular biological approaches such as EMSA, supershift EMSA, ChIP, re-ChIP, and promoter-reporter gene assays, we demonstrate that the STAT1 and PPARγ complex binds to the STAT-binding site at -107 nucleotides in the CD36 promoter and enhances its activity. Furthermore, the interaction of STAT1 with PPARγ depends on STAT1 acetylation, which is mediated by p300. In addition, our findings show that reactive oxygen species-dependent Syk and Pyk2 stimulation is required for p300 tyrosine phosphorylation and activation. Together, these results demonstrate that an interaction between STAT1, p300, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ is required for 15(S)-HETE-induced CD36 expression, oxidized low density lipoprotein uptake, and foam cell formation, critical events underlying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
<i>Z</i>‐protected glutamic acid‐based biodegradable thermoplastic and thermosetting polyesters: Synthesis and characterization (1999)

Biodegradable polymers were formed from N-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-glutamic acid with the comonomers ethylene glycol, diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butanediol, and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. The three polymers were a linear and a crosslinked heterochain polyester and a crosslinked polyester that contained aromatic units within its network chains. The thermoplastic resin and the soluble fractions for the thermosetting resins were characterized by gel permeation chromatography. Conversions for carboxylic acid were determined by titrations. A quality, 22,000 molecular weight thermoplastic resin was formed. The two thermosets were cured past their gel points. Gelation analysis revealed that the relative rate constants for the sequential oxirane/acid and alcohol/acid reactions were distinct. With diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butanediol, the ratio of the respective rate constants was 3; with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, the ratio approached 200. The resins hydrolyzed to monomers in the presence of lipase, but in the presence of a mixed microbial culture, only the first two resins decayed to biomass, respiratory gases, and water. The third resin was inert during the period of observation. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 869–879, 1999