gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preterm delivery: an overview (2003)

Preterm delivery is the leading factor causing neonatal mortality and morbidity. We have conducted a PubMed literature search to obtain an update on the etiology, diagnostic problems and therapeutic considerations of preterm delivery. Approximately 5-10% of all births are premature. Preterm labor is associated with preterm rupture of membranes, cervical incompetence, polyhydramnion, fetal and uterine anomalies, infections, social factors, stress, smoking, heavy work and other risk factors. The diagnosis is made on the patients presenting symptoms, clinical findings and of progressive effacement and dilatation of the cervix. Biochemical markers of preterm delivery are of minor importance in daily clinical work. Measurement of the cervix, however, is a practical and valuable tool to predict preterm delivery. Cervical cerclage can be useful in selected cases. Antibiotics may help to prevent preterm labor in cases of known etiologic agents (e.g. preterm rupture of membranes and urinary infection). The use of tocolytic agents such as beta-sympathetic receptor stimulators can be advocated for a few days. There is evidence that their long-term use is not beneficial and could even be harmful to the fetus. Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine) and a new selective oxytocin receptor antagonist, atosiban, appear to be as effective as beta-sympathomimetic drugs on uterine contractions with fewer side-effects. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors such as indomethacin may prevent uterine contractions and can be used prior to the 32nd week of pregnancy. A single course of corticosteroid treatment in two doses of 12 mg betamethasone or 6 mg of dexamethasone is important for the prevention of respiratory distress between the 24th and 34th weeks of pregnancy. Multiple doses may be harmful and should be avoided. In these cases management should depend on gestation age (fetal maturity). Uterine contractions after 34 weeks' gestation are not an indication for tocolytic treatment.
InfoCage - : Information leakage protection software (2005)

We have developed InfoCage, which is an information leakage protection software product. InfoCage is a security solution that prevents information leakage from an organization by limiting the confidential data move operations performed by users who are authorized to access secure servers. This paper focuses on the data move control function, which is one of the technical features of the product.
Electrochemical Concentration of Carbon Dioxide from an Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide Containing Gas Stream (2010)

An electrochemical cell utilizing an anion exchange membrane was used to separate oxygen and to concentrate carbon dioxide from a mixed gaseous stream. Carbon dioxide concentration was achieved from a gaseous stream composed of 49.3% carbon dioxide and 50.7% oxygen. A volumetric ratio of 3.56:1 carbon dioxide to oxygen evolution was observed. Oxygen separation occurs through reversible oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions. Carbon dioxide separation occurs through homogeneous reactions between gas-phase and electrochemical reaction products on one side of the membrane to form carbonate and bicarbonate ions and neutralization of those ions on the other side of the membrane by electrochemical reactions. Current densities reached a maximum of at a cell potential of 1.2 V. Although this approach is not efficient enough to utilize for capture for fossil energy applications at this time, more active electrocatalysts and thinner ion-exchange membranes could improve the efficiency in the future, and it may be suitable for other applications such as removal of from breathing air.
Hand Feature Detection from Skin Color Model with Complex Background (2010)

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Inverse problems in polymer characterization: Direct analysis of polydispersity with photon correlation spectroscopy (1979)

Abstract A method is presented for inverting the Fredholm integral equations of the first kind that arise in many experimental determinations of molecular weight distributions of high polymers. The well known problems of instability and nonuniqueness are minimized by constraining the distribution to be the smoothest nonnegative one that is consistent with the data. Analyses of simulated photon correlation spectroscopy data show that good accuracy can be obtained for unimodal distributions and fair accuracy for certain bimodal ones, provided that systematic errors are kept below the random noise level. The method is completely automatic in that no initial estimate or prior information about the distribution is needed. However, if there happens to be a priori knowledge that the distribution is unimodal or that it is bimodal, constraining the distribution accordingly can further improve the stability and accuracy.
[A study of nonlinear fraction frequency fluorescence spectra for tryptophane]. (2002)

There are two fluorescence peaks at 350 and 700 nm for tryptophane in pH 7.43 Tris buffer solution, as the excited wavelength is at 296 nm. The fluorescence peak at 700 nm is a nonlinear 1/2 fraction frequency fluorescence peak for tryptophane. The fluorescence intensities of 350 and 700 nm peaks are proportional to tryptophane concentration in the range of 0-1 x 10(-5) mol.L-1. The half width of (delta lambda)350 for 350 nm and (delta lambda)700 for 700 nm peak decreases slowly with tryptophane concentration. And the F700 nm/F350 nm and (delta lambda)700/(delta lambda)350 are constant. The two peaks have similar fluorescence behavior. An energy level principle for fraction frequency fluorescence and resonance principle of fraction frequency have been proposed, and applied to explaining the fraction frequency fluorescence of tryptopane.
Does growth hormone cause cancer? (2005)

The ability of GH, via its mediator peptide IGF-1, to influence regulation of cellular growth has been the focus of much interest in recent years. In this review, we will explore the association between GH and cancer. Available experimental data support the suggestion that GH/IGF-1 status may influence neoplastic tissue growth. Extensive epidemiological data exist that also support a link between GH/IGF-1 status and cancer risk. Epidemiological studies of patients with acromegaly indicate an increased risk of colorectal cancer, although risk of other cancers is unproven, and a long-term follow-up study of children deficient in GH treated with pituitary-derived GH has indicated an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Conversely, extensive studies of the outcome of GH replacement in childhood cancer survivors show no evidence of an excess of de novo cancers, and more recent surveillance of children and adults treated with GH has revealed no increase in observed cancer risk. However, given the experimental evidence that indicates GH/IGF-1 provides an anti-apoptotic environment that may favour survival of genetically damaged cells, longer-term surveillance is necessary; over many years, even a subtle alteration in the environmental milieu in this direction, although not inducing cancer, could result in acceleration of carcinogenesis. Finally, even if GH/IGF-1 therapy does result in a small increase in cancer risk compared to untreated patients with GH deficiency, it is likely that the eventual risk will be the same as the general population. Such a restoration to normality will need to be balanced against the known morbidity of untreated GH deficiency.
Synthesis of IBR2 Analogues (2009)

IBR2 (3,4-dehydro-D) is a lead inhibitor of Rad51, an enzyme overexpressed in rapidly proliferating cancer cells, that plays an essential role in DNA damage repair and cell proliferation. IBR2 is unstable and 16 analogues were prepared in the search for greater stability and activity. The noteworthy step in the synthesis depicted is the asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction of the sulfinimine F with indole mediated by the thiourea G to give H in 55% yield and er > 99:1.
Development, characterization, and application of monoclonal antibodies to the native and synthetic beta COOH-terminal portion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) that distinguish between the native and desialylated forms of hCG (1994)

Although the pregnancy hormone hCG has been extensively mapped immunochemically, few monoclonal antibodies have been produced to the unique COOH-terminal region of its beta-subunit (beta CTP). We now report the development and characterization of five such monoclonal antibodies. Three of these antibodies were developed to the synthetic peptide analog of the hCG beta-(109-145) region coupled to diphtheria toxoid, and two antibodies to a conjugate of bovine thyroglobulin and the peptide hCG beta-(115-145) prepared from hCG with its carbohydrate moieties intact. The monoclonal antibodies raised against the synthetic peptide bound hCG, desialylated hCG, and synthetic peptide to a similar extent, whereas antibodies generated to the natural hCG peptide did not bind to the synthetic peptide analog of the COOH-terminal peptide (beta CTP) region or to desialyated hCG. These new monoclonal antibodies could distinguish between native and desialyated hCG in liquid phase immunoassays as well as by Western blots. They are highly specific reagents for such Western blotting and were used for studies of a crude human pituitary gonadotropin preparation to demonstrate that it contained intact hCG beta without the internal peptide bond cleavages found in the subunit present in human blood and urine. Competition experiments using combinations of monoclonal antibodies and rabbit anti-beta CTP antiserum demonstrated that two epitopes exist within the beta-(115-145) region of hCG, one of which depends on the presence of carbohydrate. In summary, the new monoclonal hCG beta CTP antibodies reported here can 1) discriminate between native and desialylated hCG, 2) identify hCG and nicked hCG on Western blots, 3) provide an immunoaffinity purification tool for hCG, and 4) bind to two distinct epitopes on the beta CTP.
Characterization of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Bacteriophages (1965)

Brodetsky, Anna M. (University of California, Los Angeles), and W. R. Romig. Characterization of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages. J. Bacteriol. 90:1655-1663. 1965.-A group of six phages, SP5, SP6, SP7, SP8, SP9, and SP13, which use the Marburg strain of Bacillus subtilis as host was characterized. These phages, referred to as group 1, were examined for the following properties: host range, plaque morphology, stability, adsorption kinetics, one-step growth characteristics, calcium requirements, serum neutralization, thermal inactivation, and inactivation by ultraviolet irradiation. Five unrelated B. subtilis phages, SP3, SP10, PBS1, SP alpha, and SP beta, were included in the studies. When first isolated, none of the group 1 phages was able to replicate efficiently on B. subtilis SB19, a mutant of the "transforming" B. subtilis 168. Host range mutants capable of growth in SB19 were isolated for all of the group 1 phages except SP13, and are designated the "star" phages (SP5* through SP9*). For characterization, SB19 was used as host for the star phages, and another B. subtilis mutant, 168B, was host for SP13.
Chitin-supplemented formulations improve biocontrol and plant growth promoting efficiency of<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>AF 1 (2001)

Formulations of a chitinolytic biocontrol and a plant growth promoting Bacillus subtilis AF 1 were prepared in peat, in peat supplemented with either 0.5% chitin or Aspergillus niger mycelium, or in spent compost obtained from Agaricus bisporus cultivation and were evaluated for biocontrol of two fungal pathogens and plant growth promoting activities on pigeon pea and groundnut. A steady increase in cell numbers of introduced B. subtilis AF 1 was observed in all the formulations at 30°C. The increase in cell numbers was about 5.0 log units. Peat or spent compost inoculated with physiologically active and dormant states of B. subtilis AF 1 showed different time period requirements to attain maximum cell numbers. The presence of chitin or A. niger (in peat) or A. bisporus (in spent compost) as supplement in the carrier material improved the multiplication of B. subtilis AF 1. When used as seed treatments, formulations of AF 1 in peat supplemented with chitin or chitin-containing materials showed better control of A. niger (causing crown rot of groundnut) and Fusarium udum (causing wilt of pigeon pea) than AF 1 culture alone, in both groundnut and pigeon pea. Bacillus subtilis AF 1 formulations promoted seed germination and biomass of both groundnut and pigeon pea even under pathogen pressure. Survival of AF 1 on fresh culture-treated and formulation product-treated plants was similar in pathogen-infested soil.Key words: microbial formulations, Bacillus subtilis AF 1, chitin.
Configurable Neural Phase Shifter With Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (2010)

A configurable neural phase shifter (NPS) is fabricated for spike neuromorphic circuits by integrating an ionic/Si hybrid synaptic transistor with a conventional MOSFET. NPS can mimic a neural network to process temporal-code pulses by shifting their temporal phases by t ranged between 9.0 and 24.5 ms, which falls in the range observed in biological neural networks. t can also be configured by following the synaptic learning rule of spike-timing-dependent plasticity. The device can significantly simplify the structures and reduce the power consumption of neuromorphic circuits to emulate neural networks for spike signal processing, memory, and learning.
Facile crystallization of<i>Escherichia coli</i>ketol-acid reductoisomerase (2004)

Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.86) catalyses the second reaction in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. The reaction involves an Mg2+ -dependent alkyl migration followed by an NADPH-dependent reduction of the 2-keto group. Here, the crystallization of the Escherichia coli enzyme is reported. A form with a C-terminal hexahistidine tag could be crystallized under 18 different conditions in the absence of NADPH or Mg2+ and a further six crystallization conditions were identified with one or both ligands. With the hexahistidine tag on the N-terminus, 20 crystallization conditions were found, some of which required the presence of NADPH, NADP+, Mg2+ or a combination of ligands. Finally, the selenomethionine-substituted enzyme with the N-terminal tag crystallized under 15 conditions. Thus, the enzyme is remarkably easy to crystallize. Most of the crystals diffract poorly but several data sets were collected at better than 3.2 A resolution; attempts to phase them are currently in progress.
Inhibitory Effect of the New Calcium Antagonist AJ-2615 on Progression of Atherosclerosis in Cholesterol-fed Rabbits (1993)

The effects of a new calcium antagonist, AJ-2615, on progression of atherosclerosis were investigated in rabbits fed a diet high in cholesterol and compared with those of prazosin, diltiazem, and their combination. In the AJ-2615 (30 mg/kg p.o. once daily) group, high cholesterol diet-induced increases in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid were significantly decreased. In addition, increases in aortic lipids and calcium content, as well as those in the atherosclerotic lesion area were clearly reduced by AJ-2615. On the other hand, prazosin (3 mg/kg p.o. twice daily) and diltiazem (50 mg/kg p.o. twice daily) groups displayed no such inhibitory effects. However, the group receiving the combination of prazosin and diltiazem at their respective dose levels exhibited a significant reduction in the increase in calcium content of the aorta and a slight decrease in the atherosclerotic lesion area, although there was no decrease in plasma or aortic lipid content. These results suggest that in addition to its calcium antagonistic and alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking actions, some other yet-unidentified properties of AJ-2615 might contribute to the antiatherosclerotic effect of this agent.
Breeding and Evaluation of Compact Corn Inbred line D34 (2011)

Compact corn D34 is the type of inbred lines on the mutant Dan 340 inbred line breeding and into the brigade of red bone.The varieties of D34 crossing with P group mostly are type of late-maturing,sparse and big ear,and that with Lancaster or Reid,mostly are the type of late maturing and mid-late maturing.So,D34 is one of the widely used excellent inbred lines with diversity,high combining ability and extensive adaptability.
Supramolecular hydrogels based on short peptides linked with conformational switch (2011)

Short peptides appropriately linked with an azobenzene conformational switch were found to be motif and pH dependant supramolecular hydrogelators. The hydrogelation properties of the short peptides linked with the conformational switch were studied in detail with respect to dependence on amino acid residue, pH and salt effect. The presence of amino acids with aromatic side chains such as Phe and Tyr was found to be favorable for the short peptides to gel water at an appropriate pH range. Cationic amino acid residues such as Arg and Lys in the short peptides were found to be unfavorable for hydrogelation. pH and salt effect were also found to be important factors for the hydrogelation properties of the short peptides. A series of short peptides with bioactive sequences were linked with the conformational switch and their hydrogelation properties were investigated. Photoresponsive supramolecular hydrogels were realized based on the E-/Z- transition of the conformational switch upon light irradiation. Proper combination of amino acid residues in the short peptides resulted in smart supramolecular hydrogels with responses to multiple stimuli.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Do Not Inhibit Interferon Synthesis in Infected Chickens but Can Override the Interferon-Induced Antiviral State (2011)

From infection studies with cultured chicken cells and experimental mammalian hosts, it is well known that influenza viruses use the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) to suppress the synthesis of interferon (IFN). However, our current knowledge regarding the in vivo role of virus-encoded NS1 in chickens is much more limited. Here, we report that highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of subtypes H5N1 and H7N7 lacking fully functional NS1 genes were attenuated in 5-week-old chickens. Surprisingly, in diseased birds infected with NS1 mutants, the IFN levels were not higher than in diseased birds infected with wild-type virus, suggesting that NS1 cannot suppress IFN gene expression in at least one cell population of infected chickens that produces large amounts of the cytokine in vivo. To address the question of why influenza viruses are highly pathogenic in chickens although they strongly activate the innate immune system, we determined whether recombinant chicken alpha interferon (IFN-α) can inhibit the growth of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in cultured chicken cells and whether it can ameliorate virus-induced disease in 5-week-old birds. We found that IFN treatment failed to confer substantial protection against challenge with highly pathogenic viruses, although it was effective against viruses with low pathogenic potential. Taken together, our data demonstrate that preventing the synthesis of IFN is not the primary role of the viral NS1 protein during infection of chickens. Our results further suggest that virus-induced IFN does not contribute substantially to resistance of chickens against highly pathogenic influenza viruses.
Improving geometric model construction for blood flow modeling (1999)

We have applied an active contour method based on level sets to the problem of image-based model construction for computational hemodynamics. The geometric nature of the segmentation algorithm makes it suitable for use with solid modeling techniques. Using the methodology shown, we have constructed models that are appropriate for use with blood flow simulation applications. We are currently extending these methods to address limitations of the current approach, including issues related to 3-D geometric accuracy and mesh quality.
Linking Spatial Video and GIS (2009)

Spatial Video is any form of geographically referenced videographic data. The forms in which it is acquired, stored and used vary enormously; as does the standard of accuracy in the spatial data and the quality of the video footage. This research deals with a specific form of Spatial Video where these data have been captured from a moving road-network survey vehicle. The spatial data are GPS sentences while the video orientation is approximately orthogonal and coincident with the direction of travel.\nGIS that use these data are usually bespoke standalone systems or third party extensions to existing platforms. They specialise in using the video as a visual enhancement with limited spatial functionality and interoperability. While enormous amounts of these data exist, they do not have a generalised, cross-platform spatial data structure that is suitable for use within a GIS. The objectives of this research have been to define, develop and implement a novel Spatial Video data structure and demonstrate how this can achieve a spatial approach to the study of video.\nThis data structure is called a Viewpoint and represents the capture location and geographical extent of each video frame. It is generalised to represent any form or format of Spatial Video. It is shown how a Viewpoint improves on existing data structure methodologies and how it can be theoretically defined in 3D space. A 2D implementation is then developed where Viewpoints are constructed from the spatial and camera parameters of each survey in the study area. A number of problems are defined and solutions provided towards the implementation of a post-processing system to calculate, index and store each video frame Viewpoint in a centralised spatial database.\nFrom this spatial database a number of geospatial analysis approaches are demonstrated that represent novel ways of using and studying Spatial Video based on the Viewpoint data structure. Also, a unique application is developed where the Viewpoints are used as a spatial control to dynamically access and play video in a location aware system.\nWhile video has been to date largely ignored as a GIS spatial data source; it is shown through this novel Viewpoint implementation and the geospatial analysis demonstrations that this need not be the case anymore.
Dynamic scheduling of flexible manufacturing system using support vector machines (2005)

A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) needs a powerful scheduler to assign dispatching rules dynamically for achieving good performance. A scheduler should possess high generalization ability to tackle unpredictable conditions such as different part types, part mix ratios, and job arrivals. This paper presents a support vector scheduler, which is based on the support vector machine (SVM), to achieve the goal of dynamical scheduling. SVM is superior to other traditional learning machines such as multilayer neural networks for the FMS scheduling because it possesses better generalization performance. To justify the simulation results, the well-known FMS model and physical layout widely used in the FMS scheduling are employed in this paper. Using support vector scheduler combined with the kernel of radial basis function (RBF), simulation results show that the throughput performance is better than the one using static dispatching rules. In addition, the design process of the SVM-based scheduler for the FMS model was accomplished in a very short time. Therefore, it can be fast implemented for other different FMSs to achieve the optimal performance.