gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GaP collector development for SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor performance increase: A heterostructure growth study (2012)

To develop a III/V wide bandgap collector concept for future SiGe heterobipolar transistor performance increase, a heterostructure growth study of GaP on pseudomorphic 4° off-oriented Si0.8Ge0.2/Si(001) substrates was performed. For pseudomorphic GaP/Si0.8Ge0.2/Si(001) heterostructure growth, critical thickness of GaP on Si and maximum thermal budget for GaP deposition were evaluated. A detailed structure and defect characterization study by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy is reported on single crystalline 170 nm GaP/20 nm Si0.8Ge0.2/Si(001). Results show that 20 nm Si0.8Ge0.2/Si(001) can be overgrown by 170 nm GaP without affecting the pseudomorphism of the Si0.8Ge0.2/Si(001) layer. The GaP layer grows however partially relaxed, mainly due to defect nucleation at the GaP/Si0.8Ge0.2 interface during initial island coalescence. The achievement of 2D GaP growth conditions on Si0.8Ge0.2/Si(001) systems is thus a crucial step for achieving fully pseudomorphic heterostructures. Anti-phase domain-free GaP growth is observed for film thicknesses beyond 70 nm.
Stress, trauma, and risky sexual behaviour among American Indians in young adulthood (2004)

This paper examines the relationship of risky sexual behaviour to stress and trauma-often the mediators of the content and structure of everyday life-among young American Indians. School, work, social life, and home life bring about demands and stresses for youth; choices young people make may depend on the quantity and content of those demands. Traumatic events or highly distressing situations may shatter fragile (or even resilient) systems of external and internal support from which youth may draw. American Indians live in some of the most impoverished areas of the country, where everyday life includes a heavy burden of stress and trauma. Using data from a representative sample of youth from a Northern Plains tribe, bivariate and adjusted ordered logit models are used to show that stress and trauma do play a role in the sexual decision-making of young people, especially young women. For example, young women who have experienced a trauma have a 20% probability of having had multiple casual partners in the prior year compared to 9% for those who have not experiences a trauma. Types and levels of stress and trauma also make a difference by gender.
Rheb is a Critical Regulator of Autophagy During Myocardial Ischemia (2012)

Inactivation of Rheb protects CMs during ED through activation of autophagy. Rheb and mTORC1 may represent therapeutic targets to reduce myocardial damage during ischemia, particularly in obese patients.
An alternatively spliced variant of mRNA for the human receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator (1993)

Using 3' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends), we have isolated a cDNA variant for the receptor for human urokinase plasminogen activator (uPAR). The deduced protein includes the amino-terminal ligand binding domain in uPAR, but lacks the carboxy-terminal membrane attachment by a glycolipid anchor. Genomic DNA analysis showed that the uPAR mRNA variant is generated by alternative splicing. The new variant mRNA is expressed in various human cell lines and tissues and both variants are up-regulated by phorbol ester in A549 cells. We propose that the alternatively spliced uPAR mRNA encodes a soluble uPA binding protein, the possible function of which is discussed.
Improved mixed-radix conversion for residue number system architectures (1991)

Processor architectures, based on arithmetic cells using residue number systems, are inherently parallel, modular and fault isolating. The fundamental characteristic of a residue number system is its being an unweighted numbering system. The paper describes an improved technique for transforming a residue number into a mixed-radix weighted representation. The proposed conversion algorithm is based on the cyclic patterns inherent in residue number systems. The mixed-radix digits of the proposed conversion procedure are factorised into a product of two terms each; one term is invariant and predetermined, whereas the other is variable and depends upon the particular residue number being converted. In comparison with existing conversion techniques, the proposed conversion method achieves a considerable reduction in the number of arithmetic multiplications needed during the conversion process.
522. Cyclic trisulphides from Bunte salts (1965)

B. Milligan and J. M. Swan, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 2901 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650002901
Attainment of a homogeneous discharge in a large-volume pulse CO<sub>2</sub>laser (1975)

A distributed electrical discharge was established in a 20×20×30 cm volume supplied with an energy of the order of 3.2 J. It was found to be possible to use the "plasma plateau" as the main electrode. This avoided the need for a specially shaped semitransparent electrode and also increased the efficiency of preionization of the discharge gap by ultraviolet radiation; in this way a greater energy could be supplied to the plasma. Moreover, the construction of the electrode system was simplified and the dimensions of the discharge chamber were greatly reduced. The use of the proposed electrode configuration should make it possible to build simple large-aperture amplifying stages with a considerable energy output per unit volume.
Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Unlabeled MutS Protein and Detection of Point Mutations in DNA (2004)

MutS protein plays an important role in the DNA repair system in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; it recognizes unpaired and mispaired bases in duplex DNA and can be used for detection of point mutations in vitro. We have shown that small amounts of this protein can be detected electrochemically at mercury and carbon electrodes without any labeling. Using constant current stripping analysis (CPSA) and mercury electrodes, tens of attomoles of this protein can be detected. The sensitivity of the determination at carbon electrodes is by more than 3 orders of magnitude lower. Using biotinylated DNA duplexes attached to magnetic beads, single-base mismatches and insertion/deletions were recognized by MutS. Picogram amounts of this protein were detected by CPSA after MutS releasing from the beads.
CHEMICAL CLEANING MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR BUDOCKS REQUIREMENTS (1964)

This technical note contains information n chemical cleaning materials and methods obtained from Government and commericial practice to improve the Naval Shore Establishment cleaning program. Current Bureau of Yards and Docks field cleaning practices are outlined and compared with the current technologies in this field. It is concluded that improvements in field activities' cleaning practices can be achieved by further studies of detergent- sanitizers and alkaline spray cleaning. It is recommended that expanded BUDOCKS manuals on sanitary cleaning and on chemical cleaning be prepared, and that a continuing program of collection and dissemination of information be established in conjunction with an existing Government laboratory engaged in cleaning research.
FSM non-minimal state encoding for low power (2002)

In this paper, we focus our attention on the problem of FSM state encoding for low power. In contrast to many publications where probabilistic approach to power estimation is offered, we consider power measurement based on given user-specified input sequence. Although the power dissipation depends on several parameters (register and output switching activity, complexity of combinational part, capacitance load on the gate), switching is the most important source of power dissipation. Our goal is to develop an encoding procedure which minimizes register switching activity. We start with a highly redundant (seed) encoding and minimize its length while minimizing the register switching activity. Unlike previous works, we don't restrict encoding final length (only register switching activity is considered). Therefore, final encoding length may differ from the minimal one. We tested our encoding procedure on several benchmarks from the MCNC set. The experiments show that in many cases, power dissipation obtained using our encoding (generally, of non-minimal length) is less than one achieved when encoding of minimal length is generated.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation with internally cooled wet electrodes versus cluster electrodes for the treatment of single medium-sized hepatocellular carcinoma (2014)

To compare the effectiveness and complications of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using cluster electrodes or internally cooled wet (ICW) electrodes in patients with medium-sized hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Between February 2008 and September 2013, 40 patients (31 men and 9 women; mean age, 61.2 years) with a single medium-sized HCC (mean size, 3.5 ± 0.5 cm; range, 3.1–5.0 cm) underwent percutaneous RFA with cluster electrodes (n = 19) or ICW electrodes (n = 21). Technical success, technical effectiveness, ablation volume, major complications, and local tumor progression were compared. After the initial RFA, technical success was achieved in 84% of patients and 90% of patients treated by cluster electrodes and ICW electrodes, respectively (P = 0.654). At 1 month, technical effectiveness was achieved by cluster electrodes and ICW electrodes in 84% and 100% of patients, respectively (P = 0.098). During follow-up period (mean, 17.8 months; range, 0–67 months), the median local tumor progression rates were 21.3 months in the cluster group and 31.0 months in the ICW group. The 6-month, 1-, 2-, and 4-year local tumor progression rates were significantly lower after RFA with ICW electrodes (0%, 7%, 25%, and 57%, respectively) than after RFA with cluster electrodes (26%, 33%, 53%, and 68%, respectively; P = 0.036). Major complications occurred in 15.8% of patients treated with cluster electrodes and in 4.8% of patients treated with ICW electrodes (P = 0.331). For the treatment of medium-sized HCCs, percutaneous RFA using ICW electrodes results in lower rate of local tumor progression and fewer serious complications, compared to cluster electrodes.
Some New Constituents from Heartwood of Aegle marmelos Corr. (1991)

Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar-470 003 <em>Manuscript received 11 February 1991, revised 3 July 1991, accepted 17 July 1991</em> Two new compounds. 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)vinyl acetate and xantho toxoi-8-<em>O</em>-<em>β</em>-D-glucopyranoside have been isolated from the heartwood of <em>Aegle marmelos</em> along with <em>β</em>-sitosterol and lupeol. The structures or these compounds have been established on the basis or spectral data and chemical evidences.
Comparison of Nitrogen Adsorption and Mercury Penetration Results (1988)

Mercury penetration pore volumes obtained for four materials (two silicas, alumina and zirconia) agreed closely with the “Gurvitsch Volume” obtained from nitrogen adsorption. The pore volume of the materials used in this study was found in a narrow range of pore sizes that are amenable to both mercury penetration and nitrogen adsorption measurements. The average crystallite sizes calculated from the BET surface area and from TEM measurements agreed closely except for the highest surface area (310 m 2 /g) material. The surface areas obtained from mercury penetration or the BET method agree closely for the two lower area materials but the mercury penetration is much higher than the nitrogen surface area for the two higher area materials.
Hydrothermal synthesis of gold-bearing arsenopyrite (1989)

Other| November 01, 1989 Hydrothermal synthesis of gold-bearing arsenopyrite Xin Wu; Xin Wu C.R.S.C.M., Orleans, France Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Francois Delbove Francois Delbove Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Xin Wu C.R.S.C.M., Orleans, France Francois Delbove Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1554-0774 Print ISSN: 0361-0128 GeoRef, Copyright 2004, American Geological Institute. Economic Geology (1989) 84 (7): 2029–2032. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.84.7.2029 Article history First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Xin Wu, Francois Delbove; Hydrothermal synthesis of gold-bearing arsenopyrite. Economic Geology 1989;; 84 (7): 2029–2032. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.84.7.2029 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyEconomic Geology Search Advanced Search This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Coordination of Posture and Movement (1990)

Movement is performed against a background of subtle postural adjustments that counteract destabilizing forces imposed by the movement. Despite the importance of these postural adjustments to the safe and efficient performance of movement, little is known about the properties of these postural accompaniments. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it provides a review of properties of postural adjustments that accompany a variety of limb and trunk movements. Second, a schema for the coordination of posture and movement is proposed. This schema suggests that a central nervous system model of body dynamics is essential to anticipatory control of posture during movement.
Refining Advertisements of the Canadian Tar Sands (2012)

What most Americans don't know is that for the last seven years, Canada has been the number one supplier of oil to the United States. . . .They don't know that a forest the size of Florida will be industrialized by this operation.They have no idea that it will be coming from some of the world's largest open pit mines.They have no idea that it's coming from operations that are creating three times more carbon emissions than conventional oil.And although a lot of Americans would find it comforting to know that they are no longer dependent on hostile suppliers of oil from the Middle East, they don't know . . .that a sacrifice zone the size of Florida has been created for the United States so the United States will have some degree of oil security for the next ten years.
Strain Enhanced nMOS Using <i>In Situ</i> Doped Embedded $\hbox{Si}_{1 - x}\hbox{C}_{x}$ S/D Stressors With up to 1.5% Substitutional Carbon Content Grown Using a Novel Deposition Process (2008)

This letter reports on the implementation of high carbon content and high phosphorous content Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> layers in the source and drain regions of n-type MOSFET in a 65-nm-node integration scheme. The layers were grown using a novel epitaxial process. It is shown that by implementing stressors with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> ap 0.01, nMOSFET device performance is enhanced by up to 10%, driving 880 muA/mum at 1-V <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> . It is also demonstrated that the successful implementation of Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> relies on the careful choice of integration and epitaxial layer parameters. There is a clear impact of the postepitaxial implantation and thermal treatment on the retained substitutional C content ([ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sub</sub> ]). Furthermore, adding a Si capping layer on top of the Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-x</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> , greatly improves upon the stressors' stability during the downstream processing and the silicide sheet resistance.
Development of a polymeric matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor as a bioactive stent coating material for prevention of restenosis (2006)

Drug-eluting stents have been developed to prevent restenosis derived from excessive growth of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) after stenting. In almost every case, however, less- or non-biocompatible polymers were selected for the platform material for impregnating drugs on the stent strut. Consideration was given principally to the physical properties of the polymers, such as their adhesion to the strut and the drug dispersibility in the polymeric matrix. In this study, we designed a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI)-derivatized hydrophobic polymer (PMMPI) for use as a bioactive material for stent coating. This was a copolymer of n-butylmethacrylate and a vinyl monomer of synthetic MMPI (N-Hydroxy-5-carboxyethylcarbonyloxy-2(S)-methy-4(S)-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)amino-pentanamide: ONO-M11-335) with a molecular weight of about 32,000 and MMPI content of 45 per molecule. The precursor of the MMPI monomer produced significant activity in temporally inhibiting SMC proliferation without any cellular damage. After coating with the PMMPI, adhesion and proliferation of SMCs were manifestly prevented even when a small amount of MMPI was released from the polymer. The MMPI-immobilized surface may thus be effective for inhibiting both adhesion and proliferation of SMCs, which is the first step toward in vivo experimentation. It is very much expected that coating stent struts with PMMPI containing an appropriate combination of impregnated drugs will provide a powerful tool for prevention of restenosis with little cytotoxicity.
Classifying networked entities with modularity kernels (2008)

Statistical machine learning techniques for data classification usually assume that all entities are i.i.d. (independent and identically distributed). However, real-world entities often interconnect with each other through explicit or implicit relationships to form a complex network. Although some graph-based classification methods have emerged in recent years, they are not really suitable for complex networks as they do not take the degree distribution of network into consideration. In this paper, we propose a new technique, Modularity Kernel, that can effectively exploit the latent community structure of networked entities for their classification. A number of experiments on hypertext datasets show that our proposed approach leads to excellent classification performance in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods.
Tree-Based Batch Mode Reinforcement Learning (2005)

Reinforcement learning aims to determine an optimal control policy from interaction with a system or from observations gathered from a system. In batch mode, it can be achieved by approximating the so-called Q-function based on a set of four-tuples (xt,ut,rt,xt+1) where xt denotes the system state at time t, ut the control action taken, rt the instantaneous reward obtained and xt+1 the successor state of the system, and by determining the control policy from this Q-function. The Q-function approximation may be obtained from the limit of a sequence of (batch mode) supervised learning problems. Within this framework we describe the use of several classical tree-based supervised learning methods (CART, Kd-tree, tree bagging) and two newly proposed ensemble algorithms, namely extremely and totally randomized trees. We study their performances on several examples and find that the ensemble methods based on regression trees perform well in extracting relevant information about the optimal control policy from sets of four-tuples. In particular, the totally randomized trees give good results while ensuring the convergence of the sequence, whereas by relaxing the convergence constraint even better accuracy results are provided by the extremely randomized trees.
Biochemical, Biophysical, and Serological Homogeneity of<i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i> (1989)

Edwardsiella ictaluri is the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish, which, during the past 5 years, has become the most serious infectious disease problem of cultured channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. We compared 40 isolates of E. ictaluri from different geographical regions and host fish species. From the biophysical tests, a pH of 7.0–7.5 and a temperature of 25–30°C were optimum growth conditions for all E. ictaluri isolates. All isolates grew well in media with an NaCl concentration of 0.5% or less, but none of the E. ictaluri isolates grew in media with a concentration of 2.0 or 5.0% NaCl. Biochemically, 42 out of 46 tests gave the same reaction for all 40 isolates. The only observed differences were in gas production at 25°C, the o-nitrophenylbeta-D-galactopyranoside test, ornithine decarboxylation, and D-mannose utilization. Serologically, identical agglutinin titers (1:80) to E. ictaluri-specific rabbit antisera were observed, and all isolates cross-agglutinated with four different antisera. Based on the biophysical, biochemical, and serological reactions of 40 isolates of E. ictaluri, identification of distinct strains was not possible, although some were slightly different biotypically.
DNA‐Based Methods for the Identification of Commercial Fish and Seafood Species (2008)

The detection of species substitution has become an important topic within the food industry and there is a growing need for rapid, reliable, and reproducible tests to verify species in commercial fish and seafood products. Increases in international trade and global seafood consumption, along with fluctuations in the supply and demand of different fish and seafood species, have resulted in intentional product mislabeling. The effects of species substitution are far-reaching and include economic fraud, health hazards, and illegal trade of protected species. To improve detection of commercial seafood fraud, a variety of DNA-based techniques have been developed, including Multiplex PCR, FINS, PCR-RFLP, PCR-RAPD, PCR-AFLP, and PCR-SSCP, which are all based on polymorphisms in the genetic codes of different species. These techniques have been applied in the differentiation of many types of fish and seafood species, such as gadoids, salmonids, scombroids, and bivalves. Some emerging technologies in this field include the use of real-time PCR, lab-on-a-chip, and DNA microarray chips. In this review article, the major DNA-based methods currently employed in the authentication of commercial fish and seafood species are discussed and future trends are highlighted. Examples of commercial applications and the use of online database resources are also considered.