gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Biomimetic Gellan-Based Hydrogel as a Physicochemical Biofilm Model (2014)

Biofilm-forming microorganisms are ubiquitous, but continuous cultivation of these microorganisms with predictable biofilm growth and structural properties remains challenging. The development of a reliable simulated biofilm has been limited by a lack of information about the microorganism subpopulations and fluid-structure interactions involved in biofilm formation and detachment due to mechanical stress. This paper presents a gellan-based hydrogel as an alternative material for a simulated physicochemical biofilm. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel in terms of the storage (G') and loss (G'') moduli can be tuned and adapted to imitate biofilms of different strengths by changing the concentration of gellan and mono(Na+) or divalent (Mg2+) ions. The storage modulus of the hydrogel ranges from 2 to 20 kPa, and the loss modulus ranges from 0.1 to 2.0 kPa. The material constants of the hydrogels and biofilms of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 were experimentally determined by rheometric analysis. A simplified biofilm imitate based on highly hydrolyzed gellan hydrogels was established by using experimental design techniques that permitted independent analyses regardless of growth. This model system design was compared to real biofilms and was adapted to mimic the mechanical properties of biofilms by changing the hydrogel composition, resulting in biofilm-like viscoelastic behavior. The use of a gellan-based hydrogel enables the imitation of biofilm behavior in the absence of growth effects, thus simplifying the system. Biofilm characterization tools can be tested and verified before their application to the measurement of slow-growing, highly variable biofilms to estimate system errors, which are often smaller than the biological variations. In general, this method permits faster and more reliable testing of biofilm mechanical properties.
Doceatur Emptor (1975)

Abstract The paper generally deals with the application of two-sided persuasive communication to advertising. Credibility of advertising and consumer response to present advertising practice is discussed. Theoretical considerations include expectancy theory and cognitive dissonance. Situations for which one-sided arguments are set forth, the paper includes a review of empirical research, primarily in social psychology, dealing with two-sided mass communication relevant to advertising. Credibility of the two-sided argument is discussed. The two-sided persuasive argument is proposed as a solution to the problem of increasing consumer cynicism toward advertising and as a means of enhancing the informative value of advertising communication.
Animal models for the study of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: A historical perspective with review of their utility and limitations. Part A. Chemically‐induced <i>de novo</i> cancer, syngeneic animal models of HNSCC, animal models of transplanted xenogeneic human tumors (2005)

Understanding the complex histological, genetic and molecular changes that lead to malignant transformation of squamous epithelia of the head and neck will likely guide the development of methods for improved diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The development and use of animal models that closely mimic the histopathology and molecular pathogenesis of HNSCC in humans would greatly expand the research possibilities and provide a means of testing potential therapeutic agents. However, many available animal models of HNSCC fall short of this objective. In order for investigators to select the appropriate model to answer scientific questions, it is important to understand the benefits and limitations of available animal models for the study of HNSCC. The purpose of this work is to give an overview of the most pertinent animal models of HNSCC, and to discuss future directions of research in this field.
Improvement of Citybus Fuel Economy Using a Hydraulic Hybrid Propulsion System - A Theoretical and Experimental Study (1979)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper describes the application of a hydraulic pump/motor and a hydro-pneumatic energy-storage as a supplement to the conventional internal combustion engine in a city bus.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The resultant hybrid-system makes it possible to smooth out the combustion engine power output and to regenerate the braking-energy which in conventional busses dissipate as heat.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Computer-simulation and supplementary experiments with a model-system have shown that, depending on the driving pattern of the bus, this type of hybrid-system would lead to a 10 - 30% fuel saving provided that an appropriate control strategy is used.</div>
Essential Role of BDNF in the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway in Social Defeat Stress (2006)

Mice experiencing repeated aggression develop a long-lasting aversion to social contact, which can be normalized by chronic, but not acute, administration of antidepressant. Using viral-mediated, mesolimbic dopamine pathway-specific knockdown of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), we showed that BDNF is required for the development of this experience-dependent social aversion. Gene profiling in the nucleus accumbens indicates that local knockdown of BDNF obliterates most of the effects of repeated aggression on gene expression within this circuit, with similar effects being produced by chronic treatment with antidepressant. These results establish an essential role for BDNF in mediating long-term neural and behavioral plasticity in response to aversive social experiences.
Mississippian Barnett Shale, Fort Worth basin, north-central Texas: Gas-shale play with multi–trillion cubic foot potential (2005)

The Mississippian Barnett Shale serves as source, seal, and reservoir to a world-class unconventional natural-gas accumulation in the Fort Worth basin of north-central Texas. The formation is a lithologically complex interval of low permeability that requires artificial stimulation to produce. At present, production is mainly confined to a limited portion of the northern basin where the Barnett Shale is relatively thick (>300 ft; >92 m), organic rich (presentday total organic carbon > 3.0%), thermally mature (vitrinite reflectance > 1.1%), and enclosed by dense limestone units able to contain induced fractures. The most actively drilled area is Newark East field, currently the largest gas field in Texas. Newark East is 400 mi 2 (1036 km 2 ) in extent, with more than 2340 producing wells and about 2.7 tcf of booked gas reserves. Cumulative gas production from Barnett Shale wells through 2003 was about 0.8 tcf. Wells in Newark East field typically produce from depths of 7500 ft (2285 m) at rates ranging from 0.5 to more than 4 mmcf/day. Estimated ultimate recoveries per well range from 0.75 to as high as 7.0 bcf. Efforts to extend the current Barnett play beyond the field limits have encountered several challenges, including westward and northward increases in oil saturation and the absence of lithologic barriers to induced fracture growth. Patterns of oil and gas occurrence in the Barnett, in conjunction with maturation and burial-history data, indicate a complex, multiphased thermal evolution, with episodic expulsion of hydrocarbons and secondary cracking of primary oils to gas
Towards Efficient Translation Memory Search Based on Multiple Sentence Signatures (2011)

The goal of machine translation is to translate a sentence S originally generated in a source language into a sentence T in target language. Traditionally in machine translation (and in particular in Statistical Machine Translation) large parallel corpora are gathered and used to create inventories of sub-sentenial units and these, in turn, are combined to create the hypothesis sentence T in the target language that has the maximum likelihood given S. This approach is very flexible as it has the advantage generating reasonable hypotheses even when the input has not resemblance with the training data. However, the most significant disadvantage of Machine Translation is the risk of generating sentences with unnaceptable linguistic (i.e., syntactic, grammatical or pragmatic) incosistences and imprefections. Because of this potential problem and because of the availability of large parallel corpora, MT researchers have recently begun to expore the direct search approach using these translation databases in support of Machine Translation. In these approaches, the underlying assumption is that if an input sentence (which we call a query) S is sufficiently similar to a previously hand translated sentence in the memory, it is, in general, preferable to use such existing translations over the generated Machine Translation hypothesis. For this approach to be practical there needs to exist a sufficiently large database, and it should be possible to identify and retrieve this translation in in a span of time comparable to what it takes for the Machine Translation engine to carry out its task. Hence, the need of algorithms to efficiently search these large databases. In this work we focus on a novel approach to Machine Translation memory lookup based on the efficient and incremental computation of the string edit distance. The string edit distance (SED) between two strings is defined as the number of operations (i.e., insertions, deletions and substitutions) that need to be applied on one string in order to transform it into the second one (Wagner & Fischer, 1974). The SED is a symmetric operation. To be more precise, our approach leverages the rapid elimination of unpromising candidates using increasingly stringent elimination criteria. Our approach guarantees an optimal answer as long as this answer has an SED from the query smaller than a user defined threshold. In the next section we first introduct string similarity translation memory search, specifically based on the string edit distance computation, and following we present our approach which focuses on speeding up the translation memory search using increasingly stringent sentence signatures. We then describe how to implement our approach using a Map/Reduce framework and we conclude with experiments that illustrate the advantages of our method.
Effects of creatinol-O-phosphate (COP) on haemodynamics and cardiac metabolism in conscious and anaesthetized dogs. (1978)

The effects of creatinol-O-phosphate (COP, Aplodan) have been studied on haemodynamics and cardiac metabolism of virtually normal heart (conscious dogs with electromagnetic probes chronically implanted) and progressively failing heart (open chest anaesthetized dogs). The results obtained show that COP in both series of experiments increased cardiac work and improved some myocardial metabolic parameters (delta redox potential across the heart, lactate/pyruvate ratio, excess lactate) probably by enhancing the myocardial O2 supply-consumption ratio, and consequently increasing the amount of O2 available for energetic reactions in the cardiac muscle and possibly in other tissues as well.
The effect of iodine position on uptake in the mouse using an isomeric series of 2‐deoxy‐2‐O‐([<sup>123</sup>I]‐iodobenzyl)glucoses (1991)

Abstract The ortho, meta and para iodinated series of 2‐deoxy‐2‐O‐(iodobenzyl)glucose (IBG) were prepared by addition of the desired iodobenzyl bromide with 3,4,6‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐piperidine‐N‐D‐glucose. Subsequent exchange labelling with [ 123 I]NaI enabled their biodistribution to be studied in mice. The lipophilicity of each compound was measured by their octanol:water partition coefficients, showing the meta‐ and para‐IBG to be more lipophilic than ortho‐IBG. Examination of the biodistribution data suggests that there is a correlation between tissue uptake and iodine position(lipophilicity).
High‐Efficiency, Saturated Red‐Phosphorescent Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Conjugated and Non‐Conjugated Polymers Doped with an Ir Complex (2004)

High‐efficiency red‐emitting polymer light‐emitting diodes utilizing [PhqIr]‐doped non‐conjugated and conjugated polymers (see Figure) in the presence of electron transport molecules are reported. An external quantum efficiency of 12 % photon/electron and a luminous efficiency of 5.2 cd/A with saturated red emission at 624 nm are demonstrated.
Real-time rectilinear volumetric imaging (2002)

Current real-time volumetric scanners use a 2-D array to scan a pyramidal volume consisting of many sector scans stacked in the elevation direction. This scan format is primarily useful for cardiac imaging to avoid interference from the ribs. However, a real-time rectilinear volumetric scan with a wider field of view close to the transducer could prove more useful for abdominal, breast, or vascular imaging. In previous work, computer simulations of very sparse array transducer designs in a rectilinear volumetric scanner demonstrated that a Mills cross array showed the best overall performance given current system constraints. Consequently, a 94 x 94 Mills cross array including 372 active channels operating at 5 MHz has been developed on a flexible circuit interconnect. In addition, the beam former delay software and scan converter display software of the Duke volumetric scanner were modified to achieve real-time rectilinear volumetric scanning consisting of a 30-mm x 8-mm x 60-mm scan at a rate of 47 volumes/s. Real-time rectilinear volumetric images were obtained of tissue-mimicking phantoms, showing a spatial resolution of 1 to 2 mm. Images of carotid arteries in normal subjects demonstrated tissue penetration to 6 cm.
Importance of domain purity in semi‐conducting polymer/insulating polymer blends transistors (2016)

ABSTRACT Printed electronics is a rapidly developing field of research which covers any electronic devices or circuits that can be processed using direct printing techniques. Among those printing techniques, inkjet printing is a technique of increasing interest for organic field‐effect transistors (FETs) due to its fully data driven and direct patterning. In this work, the morphology of semi‐conducting polymer/insulating polymer blends from inkjet printing and their FET properties have been investigated. We attempted to optimize the morphology of the blends by the addition of a co‐solvent to the blend solution prior to film deposition. By varying the boiling temperature of the co‐solvent, blend films are fabricated with varying domain purity and different degree of semi‐conducting polymer ordering. The morphologies of all the as‐cast samples from inkjet printing and subsequently thermally annealed samples are characterized by grazing incidence wide angle x‐ray scattering and small angle neutron scattering. The results indicate that the sample where a low boiling temperature co‐solvent is used exhibits a lower degree of semi‐conducting polymer ordering and less pure domains, resulting in a decrease of hole mobility. The morphologies that are formed when high boiling temperature co‐solvent is used, however, give a higher degree of semi‐conducting polymer ordering along with higher domain purity, significantly improving hole mobility up to 1.44 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at V DS = 40 V. More importantly, with thermal annealing, all the samples exhibit similar semi‐conducting polymer ordering and domain sizes while the domain purity significantly varies. This work is a unique example that demonstrates the importance of domain purity in the optimization of morphology and FET performance, which is previous unavailable. It also provides a novel process that can efficiently control the morphology of semi‐conducting polymer/insulating polymer mixtures during deposition to maximize FET performance from inkjet printing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54 , 1760–1766
Nerve Growth Factor Promotes Cardiac Repair following Myocardial Infarction (2010)

NGF elicits pleiotropic beneficial actions in the post-MI heart. NGF should be considered as a candidate for therapeutic cardiac regeneration.
Combining evolving neural network classifiers using bagging (2004)

The performance of the neural network classifier significantly depends on its architecture and generalization. It is usual to find the proper architecture by trial and error. This is time consuming and may not always find the optimal network. For this reason, we apply genetic algorithms to the automatic generation of neural networks. Many researchers have provided that combining multiple classifiers improves generalization. One of the most effective combining methods is bagging. In bagging, training sets are selected by resampling from the original training set and classifiers trained with these sets are combined by voting. We implement the bagging technique into the training of evolving neural network classifiers to improve generalization.
Studies on Sugar-isomerizing Enzyme (1966)

A glucose isomerase which reversibly catalyzes the reaction between D-glucose and D-fructose was demonstrated in the cell-free extracts of a strain of Streptomyces sp. isolated from soil. The enzyme was produced when the strain was grown in the medium con-taining xylan or xylan-containing material such as wheat bran. A medium which consists of 3% of wheat bran, 2% of corn steep liquor and 0.024% of CoCI2•6H2O is recommendable for the production of the glucose isomerase enzyme with the strain. With the enzyme, some conditions for the conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose were also studied. The method is very useful for the production of invert sugar from D-glucose and is now on the way to be applied to the practical use.
Inhibition of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells harboring a BCR-ABL B3A2 junction by antisense oligonucleotides targeted at the B2A2 junction. (1995)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by the BCR-ABL hybrid gene. Two types of hybrid BCR-ABL mRNA have been found, B2A2 and B3A2. As the BCR-ABL rearrangement is specific to leukemic cells, selective inhibition of leukemic cell growth by BCR-ABL antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) has been reported in vitro for CML patients and cell lines. However, controversial results have been obtained from preclinical studies using anti-BCR-ABL ASO, as nonspecific inhibition of leukemic cell growth was evidenced in some cases. B3 exon secondary structure was deduced from its sequence and found to be a loop. According to this predictive structure of exon B3, a 56-mer antisense oligonucleotide targeting the polypurine bases from the B2A2 junction was devised which would inhibit proliferation (MTT assay) of B3A2 junction cell lines (K562 and a murine cell line Ba/F3 transfected with the B3A2 junctional sequence). This ASO had a hairpin-like secondary structure and was found to be much more resistant to the action of nucleases than control 18-mer standard oligonucleotides. Hybridization to its target mRNA occurs via formation of a triplex structure. A concentration of 5 microM of specific 56-mer B2A2 ASO was necessary to demonstrate 50% optical density (OD) reduction for K562 cell line and Ba/F3 transformed by B3A2 cDNA. Sense and non-sense 56-mer sequence or 18-mer linear ASO showed no effect for these concentrations. Western blot showed a partial inhibition of P210 protein; expression of P145abl remains unchanged. The 56-mer ASO also inhibited the proliferation of B2A2 junction cell line BV173 at the same concentration and showed no effect on the HL60 cell line used as control.
Harmonic distortion reduction technique for uninterruptible power supplies with DC voltage boost technique (2008)

This paper presents a new control strategy for UPS inverter, which is based on the addition of the DC voltage boost compensation for keeping the fundamental output voltage at the preset value and suppressing the generation of low-order harmonics caused by nonlinear load. This solution involves the combination of a total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction controller and a power factor correction (PFC) controller, such that the harmonics contaminated in the output voltage can be eliminated despite the highly distorted load current while maintaining an acceptable dynamic performance. Thus, the proposed strategy is viewed as a refinement term added to the outer voltage control loop. Besides, the DC voltage of the inverter under linear loads is adaptively reduced so that low switching losses is achieved, when compared with conventional constant DC voltage approaches. The new strategy is quite simple and requires only the measurement of the output voltage to compute the THD. Simulation results are presented to exhibit the improved performance of the proposed approach especially under rectifier loads.
A 480 μW 2 GHz ultra low power dual-modulus prescaler in 0.25 μm standard CMOS (2002)

A dual modulus 128/129 prescaler is presented, consuming 480 /spl mu/W at a power supply voltage of 1.8 V and an input frequency of 2 GHz or 98 /spl mu/W at a power supply voltage of 1.5 V and an input frequency of 1 GHz. The prescaler was realized in Infineon 0.25 /spl mu/m standard CMOS process using single-phase clocked flipflops in the phase-switching prescaler architecture. The circuit was optimized for minimal power drain, maintaining a maximum operating frequency of at least 2 GHz. Measured maximal frequency of operation of the prescaler was 2.5 GHz. A co-integration of the prescaler with a voltage controlled LC-oscillator showed no detoriation of the -110 dBc/Hz phase-noise performance of the VCO at 100 kHz frequency offset, thus proving the practical use of the circuit for synthesizers.
<title>Noninvasive NIR measurement of tissue pH to assess hemorrhagic shock in swine</title> (1999)

Body-worn noninvasive physilogical sensors are needed to continuously monitor soldiers for hemorrhage and to provide real-time information for minimally skilled medics to treat the injured. In the hospital intramucosal pH<SUB>i</SUB> of the gut is used to monitor shock and its treatment. We hypothesize that abdominal wall muscle (AWM) pH can be measured noninvasively using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and partial least squares analysis (PLS) and will correlate with pH<SUB>i</SUB>. METHODS: AWM pH was measured with microelectrodes and gastric pH<SUB>i</SUB> was measured with a tonometric catheter simultaneously while NIR spectra were collected using prototype LED spectrometers placed on the pig's flanks. Animals were subject to hemorrhagic shock at 45 mm Hg for 45 minutes, then resuscitated with blood and lactated ringers. Relationships between electrode pH, pH<SUB>i</SUB> and NIR spectra were developed using PLS with cross validation. RESULTS: NIR spectral changes noninvasively acquired through the skin were shown to be from the muscle, not from changes in skin blood flow. Trending ability (R<SUP>2</SUP>) model accuracy (RMSD), and relative error were calculated for individual pigs. Using electrode pH as the reference, average R<SUP>2</SUP> was 0.88 with a predicted accuracy of 0.17 pH units, a 9.3% relative error. Slightly degraded results were observed when pH<SUB>i</SUB> was used as a reference. CONCLUSIONS: NIR measurement of tissue pH can be used to noninvasively monitor for shock and guide its treatment in a swine model. These measurements correlate with gastric pH<SUB>i</SUB>, a clinically accepted measure of shock, providing an approach to develop similar methodology for humans.