gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the globe using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. (1992)

This article is a review of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in three groups of pathological conditions of the globe: a) malignant tumors, b) benign tumors and vascular lesions, and c) miscellaneous conditions. MRI technical refinements and the use of gadolinium-DTPA as an enhancement agent provide better anatomic definition of the globe. However, CT remains the method of choice in the investigation of lesions with calcification and bone. In the group of malignant tumors, retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular tumor in childhood, is best diagnosed with CT; for malignant melanoma, the most frequently encountered primary intraocular malignancy in adults, MR is the imaging modality of choice; and for metastatic tumors to the eye, mainly carcinomas, CT and MRI do not show characteristic features.
Thermal management issues with various space nuclear power alternatives on SSTS spacecraft (2003)

A thermal integration study of various space nuclear power system (SNPS) alternatives for the Space Surveillance and Tracking System (SSTS) spacecraft was performed for the purpose of defining concepts. SNPS/SSTS integrated thermal analyses predicted SSTS surface temperatures and thermal fluxes, which were used to ascertain approximate thermal conditions and indicate thermal trends for the various SNPS/SSTS configurations studied. The three space nuclear power systems examined were the SNAP-DYN system, the modified SP-100 system, and the STAR-C system. The SP-100 created the hottest thermal environment and worst thermal impacts on the SSTS because of the size of its hot thermal radiator. The STAR-C, although operating with the hottest thermal radiator, produced only moderately hot thermal environments and impacts on the SSTS because its small size and configuration-limited SSTS exposure to the STAR-C radiator. The SNAP-DYN generated the most benign thermal environments and impacts on the SSTS because its thermal radiator, although the largest of the three SNPS studied, operates at relatively cool temperatures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of Calcium Silicate for Medicinal Preparation. I. Solid Preparation Adsorbing an Oily Medicine to Calcium Silicate. (1994)

Calcium silicate (Florite RE, FLR), a fine porous powder, was recently approved as a medicinal additive. In this study we sought to make a solid preparation by absorbing an oily medicine to FLR; tocopheryl nicotinate (TN) was used as the oily medicine. TN adsorbed to FLR powder (TN-PO) was prepared by adsorbing TN ethanol solution to FLR and granulating with hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) in order to improve the flowability. The results were as follows. FLR showed an excellent liquid holding ability compared with other excipients, and this was attributed to the high capillarity of the pores. In the adsorbing process, FLR particles were granulated with TN overflowing from the pores or adhering to the particle surface. The angle of repose was decreased with increasing TN content, which was attributed to the process of granulation, and the angle of repose of the granules with a binder (TN-GR) was below 40 degrees at any TN content. These results show that FLR is an useful additive for the solid preparation of an oily medicine.
CVD of ZrO<sub>2</sub> using ZrI<sub>4</sub> as metal precursor (1999)

A new process for CVD of zirconium oxide is presented. With zirconium tetraiodide, ZrI 4 , and oxygen as starting materials, crystalline ZrO 2 is deposited on Si(100) at lower temperatures than with the conventional halide processes. The films are smooth and well-adherent and show no trace of iodine. This work describes the basic features of the new process as well as the microstructural and electrical characteristics of the ZrO 2 films.
Age dependency of red blood cell deformability and density: studies in transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (1993)

Several investigators have demonstrated that red blood cell (RBC) deformability decreases progressively with increasing cell density and proposed that reduction in deformability plays a role in the senescence process of normal RBCs. Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC) results from temporary cessation of erythropoiesis. Since no new RBCs are produced for some time, the circulating RBCs are relatively old. RBS density (phthalate-oil method) and RBC deformability (RBC elongation in a counter-rotating rheoscope) were studied in seven children with TEC and in 10 control children. The mean values of MCHC, RBC density and RBC deformation were not significantly different between TEC and control children. Compared to controls, the frequency distribution of RBC density in TEC was slightly shifted to higher values. The percentage of RBCs with extremely low densities (< 1.090 g/ml) was 0.9 +/- 1.2% in the patients and 5.6 +/- 2.3% in the controls (P < 0.001). The percentage of RBCs with high density (> 1.106 g/ml) was 6.4 +/- 2.1% in the patients and 4.9 +/- 1.8% in the controls (P > 0.10). The reduction of RBCs with low density in TEC suggests that RBCs with low density are relatively young. Since the percentage of RBCs with high density increased only slightly in TEC, we conclude that only a fraction of dense RBCs is old. In TEC, the frequency distribution of RBC elongation was slightly shifted to lower values. 5% of the RBCs studied in the control children had RBC elongation values above 0.39 (TEC 1.2%) and 5% had elongation values below 0.16 (TEC 6.7%). Thus, only a small fraction of highly deformable RBCs was diminished in TEC. These data suggest that a decrease in deformability is not a significant part of the normal ageing process of human RBCs.
Design of a parabolic reflector antenna with a compact splash-plate feed (2013)

A parabolic reflector antenna with a compact splash-plate feed is designed and optimized in this paper. A dielectric connection portion is used to combine the waveguide and splash-plate sub-reflector. The use of dielectric material not only can achieve low blockage as no struts are needed to support the feed, but also can adjust the impedance of the antenna. The designed antenna is able to achieve a low VSWR <; 1.17 within the frequency range of 21.2 GHz-23 GHz. In addition, some chokes are added on the back of the splash-plate to suppress the radiation of the undesired directions. A corrugated fence is added along the edge of parabolic reflector to achieve better performance, in which the front to back ratio is significantly improved. The gain of the designed parabolic reflector antenna is 40.1-41.06 dBi within 21.2 GHz-23 GHz. Moreover, by using the designed splash-plate feed, simulation results show that the radiation efficiency of the parabolic reflector antenna is about 57.7%-62.5% within the operation bandwidth.
Determination of Castor Oil Molecular Weight by Vapour Pressure Osmometry Technique (2011)

Abstract preview not available - see full-text PDF article.
Self-assembly of Ni nanocrystals on HfO2 and N-assisted Ni confinement for nonvolatile memory application (2004)

We demonstrate memory property using Ni nanocrystals with mean diameter of 9nm embedded in HfO2 high-k dielectric that are formed via a self-assembly process by sputtering and rapid thermal annealing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that Ni penetrates into the 5nm HfO2 after high temperature annealing above 800°C in N2. However, the diffusion is suppressed by N incorporation into HfO2 by NH3 annealing. Metal-oxide-semiconductor structures were fabricated with Ni nanocrystals embedded in HfO2. An additional counterclockwise hysteresis of 2.1V due to the charge trapping properties of the Ni nanocrystals was observed from a ±5V sweep during capacitance–voltage electrical measurement.
Profiling of differentially expressed cancer-related genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using human cancer cDNA arrays: overexpression of oncogene MET correlates with tumor differentiation in ESCC. (2001)

Multiple cancer-related genes are differentially expressed in ESCC, the oncogene MET is overexpressed in ESCC compared with normal esophageal epithelium, and its protein overexpression correlates with tumor differentiation in ESCC.
Plant reproduction under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> conditions: a meta‐analysis of reports on 79 crop and wild species (2002)

Summary Reproductive traits are key characteristics for predicting the response of communities and ecosystems to global change. We used meta‐analysis to integrate data on eight reproductive traits from 159 CO 2 enrichment papers that provided information on 79 species. Across all species, CO 2 enrichment (500–800 µl l −1 ) resulted in more flowers (+19%), more fruits (+18%), more seeds (+16%), greater individual seed mass (+4%), greater total seed mass (+25%), and lower seed nitrogen concentration, (N) (−14%). Crops and undomesticated (wild) species did not differ in total mass response to elevated CO 2 (+31%), but crops allocated more mass to reproduction and produced more fruits (+28% vs +4%) and seeds (+21% vs +4%) than did wild species when grown at high CO 2 . Seed [N] was not affected by high CO 2 concentrations in legumes, but declined significantly in most nonlegumes. Our results provide robust estimates of average plant reproductive responses to CO 2 enrichment and demonstrate important differences among individual taxa and among functional groups. In particular, crops were more responsive to elevated CO 2 than were wild species. These differences and the substantial decline in seed [N] in many species have broad implications for the functioning of future natural and agro‐ecosystems.
Visual Concepts for News Story Tracking: Analyzing and Exploiting the NIST TRECVID Video Annotation Experiment (2005)

In the summer of 2003, using an interactive intelligent tool, over 100 researchers in video understanding annotated from the NIST TRECVID database over 62 hours of news video spanning six months of 1998. These 47K shots with 43 3 K labels from over 1000 visual concept categories comprise the largest publicly available ground truth for this domain. Our analysis of this data, combining the tools of statistical natural language processing, machine learning, and computer vision, finds significant novel statistical patterns that can be exploited for the accurate tracking of the episodes of a given news story over time, by using semantic labels that are solely visual. We find that the ground "truth" is very muddy, but by using the feature selection tool of information gain, we extract 14 reliable visual concepts with mid-frequency use; all but one are visual concepts that refer to settings, rather than actors, objects, or events. We discover that the probability of another episode of a named story to recur after a gap of d days is proportional to 1/(d + 1). We define a novel similarity measure incorporating both semantic and temporal properties between episodes i and j as: Dice(i, j)/(1 + gap(i, j)). We exploit a low-level computer vision technique, normalized cut (Laplacian eigenmaps), for clustering these episodes into stories, and in the process document a weakness of this popular technique. We use these empirical results to make specific recommendations on how better visual semantic ontologies for news stories, and how better video annotation tools, should be designed.
Efficient memory management of a hierarchical and a hybrid main memory for MN-MATE platform (2012)

The advent of manycore in computing architecture causes severe energy consumption and memory wall problem. Thus, emerging technologies such as on-chip memory and nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) have led to a paradigm shift in computing architecture era. For instance, nonvolatile memories like PRAM can be viable DRAM replacements, achieving competitive speeds at lower power consumption. On-chip memory such as 3D-stacked memory can solve the limitation of memory bandwidth. The confluence of these trends offers a new opportunity to rethink traditional computing system and memory hierarchies.
Role of Heme in the Antifungal Activity of the Azaoxoaporphine Alkaloid Sampangine (2007)

Sampangine, a plant-derived alkaloid found in the Annonaceae family, exhibits strong inhibitory activity against the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. In the present study, transcriptional profiling experiments coupled with analyses of mutants were performed in an effort to elucidate its mechanism of action. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism, we show that sampangine produces a transcriptional response indicative of hypoxia, altering the expression of genes known to respond to low-oxygen conditions. Several additional lines of evidence obtained suggest that these responses could involve effects on heme. First, the hem1Delta mutant lacking the first enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway showed increased sensitivity to sampangine, and exogenously supplied hemin partially rescued the inhibitory activity of sampangine in wild-type cells. In addition, heterozygous mutants with deletions in genes involved in five out of eight steps in the heme biosynthetic pathway showed increased susceptibility to sampangine. Furthermore, spectral analyses of pyridine extracts indicated significant accumulation of free porphyrins in sampangine-treated cells. Transcriptional profiling experiments were also performed with C. albicans to investigate the response of a pathogenic fungal species to sampangine. Taking into account the known differences in the physiological responses of C. albicans and S. cerevisiae to low oxygen, significant correlations were observed between the two transcription profiles, suggestive of heme-related defects. Our results indicate that the antifungal activity of the plant alkaloid sampangine is due, at least in part, to perturbations in the biosynthesis or metabolism of heme.
Very high density probing (2003)

A discussion is presented on some of the problems encountered with probing at the wafer level and how this probe card technology helps to overcome those problems. Advancements needed in probe card technology include smaller pitches, faster speeds, bumped pads, internal and multidie probing. With the density of the die increasing, the pitch between pads on the die is being reduced. A pitch of 4 mils or less is common for faster, more complex devices, resulting in an almost unlimited growth of signal pins. Tape automated bonding (TAB) necessitates that bumps be placed on the pads of the die. Bumped pads must then be probed. Internal and multidie probing, although not a recent development, is being requested more often to help improve throughput.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cold Start Improvement by use of Latent Heat Stores (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine and cabin heating problems associated with cold starts at subzero conditions are greatly reduced by use of a Heat Battery. This is a latent heat store, collecting waste heat from the engine and storing it by use of efficient heat insulation. On the next cold start the heat is released with high initial power. The performance increases with colder environment conditions. Startability of the engine and the warm-up performance are improved. Emissions of hydrocarbons and carbonmonoxide are reduced up to 80 % in the CVS test at -7°C (20°F) and Diesel noise is lowered.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The windshield is cleared of ice and frost and kept free of mist. Passenger comfort improves since hot air flows into the cabin within seconds after the Heat Battery is engaged.</div>
EM Mortar Technology Development for Indirect Fire (2006)

The DARPA Electromagnetic (EM) Mortar Laboratory Demonstration Program is a focused development and demonstration effort for an EM gun system for vehicle-based, non-line-of-sight, artillery applications. EM launch is a transformational technology, which, when applied to gun-launched munitions, will have a revolutionary impact on warfighter capabilities and logistics burden. EM gun capability includes: elimination of propellant, improved precision, increased muzzle velocity, extended range, and enhanced lethality. These key goals toward EM gun development for military applications are being addressed by the EM Mortar project: to demonstrate the ability to launch conventional munitions (M-934, 120-mm mortar) with minimal impact to lethality, manufacturability, and logistics support; to demonstrate launch velocity of 420 m/s; to provide enhanced range for the M-934. Range improvement of 30% (from 7 km to 9 km) is predicted. Two of the major types of EM launch technology are being developed in this program, a railgun and a coilgun. Both railgun and coilgun EM Mortar variants have been designed and are in fabrication. With these development goals for the specific next-generation Future Combat System (FCS) Manned Ground Vehicle (MGV) Non Line-of-Sight (NLOS-M) application, the program can establish early systems solutions for next phase implementation and integration onto prototype platform demonstrations. Modified M-934 mortar rounds have been designed and fabricated for both coilgun and railgun designs. Using the integrated launch package as the starting point, complete EM gun launcher designs have been completed, and both guns are in fabrication. Initial testing will begin in late 2006. This paper will report on the design, fabrication, and testing for the railgun, coilgun, and mortar rounds.
Immunoelectron microscopic localisation of the OMP90 family on the outer membrane surface of Chlamydia psittaci (1998)

The putative outer membrane location of the OMP90 (formerly POMP) family from the ovine abortion strain of Chlamydia psittaci was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy. Using a non-embedding technique, antigens were shown to be localised on the outer membrane surface of both elementary and reticulate bodies, the infectious and non-infectious forms of Chlamydiae respectively. Antibodies affinity-purified against the expressed amino- and carboxy-terminal halves of one of the family members, OMP90A, demonstrated that the amino half is surface-exposed while the carboxyl half is most probably localised internally. Surface localisation on elementary bodies indicates the importance of these proteins as protective antigen candidates.
Antidiabetic (type 2) effects of Lactobacillus G15 and Q14 in rats through regulation of intestinal permeability and microbiota (2016)

The antidiabetic effects of Lactobacillus. paracasei subsp. paracasei G15 and Lactobacillus. casei Q14 in high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats were evaluated in this study. The strains were separated from Chinese traditional fermented dairy food. Administration of G15 and Q14 for 6 weeks significantly improved the glucose tolerance and reduced the HbA1c levels in T2D rats. The probiotic treatment reduced the intestinal mucosal permeability and improved the epithelial barrier function through modification of the gut microbiota, which in turn lowered circulating LPS and inflammation cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-8, and eventually alleviated the inflammatory status and islet β-cell dysfunction. Combination of Q14 and metformin reversed the thymic atrophy and both G15 and Q14 lowered the circulating IL-6 level, indicating the immune-modulating potential of the strains. Lactobacillus. paracasei subsp. paracasei G15 and Lactobacillus. casei Q14 provide an insight into the biotherapy application of traditional fermented foods and their functional ingredients in the treatment of diabetes.
On a theory of learning with similarity functions (2006)

Kernel functions have become an extremely popular tool in machine learning, with an attractive theory as well. This theory views a kernel as implicitly mapping data points into a possibly very high dimensional space, and describes a kernel function as being good for a given learning problem if data is separable by a large margin in that implicit space. However, while quite elegant, this theory does not directly correspond to one's intuition of a good kernel as a good similarity function. Furthermore, it may be difficult for a domain expert to use the theory to help design an appropriate kernel for the learning task at hand since the implicit mapping may not be easy to calculate. Finally, the requirement of positive semi-definiteness may rule out the most natural pairwise similarity functions for the given problem domain.In this work we develop an alternative, more general theory of learning with similarity functions (i.e., sufficient conditions for a similarity function to allow one to learn well) that does not require reference to implicit spaces, and does not require the function to be positive semi-definite (or even symmetric). Our results also generalize the standard theory in the sense that any good kernel function under the usual definition can be shown to also be a good similarity function under our definition (though with some loss in the parameters). In this way, we provide the first steps towards a theory of kernels that describes the effectiveness of a given kernel function in terms of natural similarity-based properties.
Low levels of interleukin-10 in patients with transfusion-related acute lung injury (2017)

Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related fatalities (FDA Report 2016) (1) and is characterized by the acute onset of respiratory distress within 6 hours following blood transfusion (2,3). The clinical diagnosis is confirmed in case of newly developing acute respiratory distress: PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio (ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen) <300 mmHg or arterial oxygen saturation <90% at room air; newly developed or worsened bilateral pulmonary infiltrates indicative of pulmonary edema on chest X-ray; emergence of all symptoms within 6 hours upon blood transfusion and exclusion of cardiac ischemia and transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO). Apart from supportive measures, such as oxygen or ventilation, no specific therapies are available. The pathogenesis is incompletely understood, however, a two-hit model is usually assumed to underlie the disease pathology. The first hit consists of a pre-disposing factor present in the recipient such as inflammation while the second hit is conveyed by factors present in the transfused blood product such as anti-leukocyte antibodies (3). For example, the acute phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) which rapidly increases during infection and inflammation was shown to enhance antibody-mediated TRALI in mice (4) and in line with that data, CRP was found to be elevated in human TRALI patients (5) confirming its role as a first hit risk factor in human TRALI.