gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of ultra-high-brightness white LEDs (2007)

As LEDs became the preferred light source for coloured light, the focus is now on improving the performance of white LEDs, to achieve the required levels for applications such as general lighting. One especially interesting automotive application of white LEDs are daytime running lights, which may become mandatory in the near future in Europe. In this application the specific advantages of LEDs like long lifetime, high efficiency, robustness and freedom for the designers can be fully employed. The most common way to realize a white LED is the approach of a luminescence conversion LED, where blue light of a GaN Chip is partly transformed into yellow light by a phosphor. The combination of the not converted blue and the yellow light results in white light. A strong increase of the luminous flux becomes possible by the use of High Power LED Chips, high efficient yellow phosphors and a packaging that offers an excellent thermal management. First of all, the application of a High Power LED Chip allows an increase of the electrical current up to 1 Ampere. While this increases the light output significantly, the thermal management of the LED package has to be improved in order to remove the heat created by the LED chip. Apart from chip efficiency and driving current the brightness of a white LED also strongly depends on the efficiency of the used phosphor. Today's typically used phosphors are for example YAG:CE, or with Europium 2+ doped compounds. The required quantum efficiency should be higher than 90% for good results in the luminous efficiency. Furthermore, for certain applications such as automotive front lighting the converter even has to be stable under temperature conditions up to 120°C, be resistant to humidity and guarantee a long lifetime. In this contribution we will present a comparison of several different types of phosphors with emphasis on their temperature dependent behaviour.
The <i>SIL</i> Gene Is Essential for Mitotic Entry and Survival of Cancer Cells (2007)

Although mitosis is a general physiologic process, cancer cells are unusually sensitive to mitotic inhibitors. Therefore, there is an interest in the identification of novel mitotic inhibitors. Here, we report the novel discovery of the SIL gene as a regulator of mitotic entry and cell survival. The SIL gene was cloned from leukemia-associated chromosomal translocation. It encodes a cytosolic protein with an unknown function and no homology to known proteins. Previously, we observed an increased expression of SIL in multiple cancers that correlated with the expression of mitotic spindle checkpoint genes and with increased metastatic potential. Here, we show that SIL is important for the transition from the G(2) to the M phases of the cell cycle. Inducible knockdown of SIL in cancer cells in vitro delayed entrance into mitosis, decreased activation of the CDK1 (CDC2)-cyclin B complex, and induced apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. SIL is also essential for the growth of tumor explants in mice. Thus, SIL is required for mitotic entry and cancer cell survival. Because increased expression of SIL has been noted in multiple types of cancers and correlates with metastatic spread, it may be a suitable target for novel anticancer therapy.
The Application of Fast Fourier Transform and Convolution Techniques to Picosecond Continuum Spectroscopy (1983)

The use of the fast Fourier transform in the processing of photographic data obtained from picosecond continuum spectroscopy is described. The resulting reduction in the complexity and computation time has permitted all of the data acquisition and processing to be carried out with an eight-bit microcomputer. Specific examples of some key problems in the data processing that are peculiar to this spectroscopic technique and methods of overcoming these problems are discussed. Experimental results that serve to illustrate both the experimental technique itself as well as the versatility and reliability of the data processing algorithm are presented for the transient absorption of a Cr(III) complex in solutions.
An N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand with Flexible Steric Bulk Allows Suzuki Cross‐Coupling of Sterically Hindered Aryl Chlorides at Room Temperature (2003)

A juggling act: The steric bulk of the ligand enhances reductive elimination in the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling. However, it impedes the oxidative addition and transmetallation of sterically hindered substrates. This dilemma is solved with the carbene ligand 1, which exhibits flexible steric bulk. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z51325_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A terahertz-band E-plane waveguide directional coupler with broad bandwidth (2015)

A terahertz-band E-plane waveguide directional coupler with broad bandwidth is proposed in this paper.It is comprised of two rectangular waveguides which place parallel to each other and share a common broad wall and with three large apertures in the common broad wall. The results show that return loss and directivity of the coupler is better than 32dB and 25 dB respectively from 325GHz to 500GHz.
Feature-aided multiple target tracking in the image plane (2006)

Vast quantities of EO and IR data are collected on airborne platforms (manned and unmanned) and terrestrial platforms (including fixed installations, e.g., at street intersections), and can be exploited to aid in the global war on terrorism. However, intelligent preprocessing is required to enable operator efficiency and to provide commanders with actionable target information. To this end, we have developed an image plane tracker which automatically detects and tracks multiple targets in image sequences using both motion and feature information. The effects of platform and camera motion are compensated via image registration, and a novel change detection algorithm is applied for accurate moving target detection. The contiguous pixel blob on each moving target is segmented for use in target feature extraction and model learning. Feature-based target location measurements are used for tracking through move-stop-move maneuvers, close target spacing, and occlusion. Effective clutter suppression is achieved using joint probabilistic data association (JPDA), and confirmed target tracks are indicated for further processing or operator review. In this paper we describe the algorithms implemented in the image plane tracker and present performance results obtained with video clips from the DARPA VIVID program data collection and from a miniature unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight.
ADAM12-L is a direct target of the miR-29 and miR-200 families in breast cancer (2015)

The ADAM12-L 3'UTR is a direct target of miR-29 and miR-200 family members. Since the miR-29 and miR-200 families play important roles in breast cancer progression, these results may help explain the different prognostic and chemopredictive values of ADAM12-L and ADAM12-S in breast cancer.
ACE2 as therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: the good outweighs the bad (2018)

<b>Based on this highly encouraging clinical proof-of-concept, there is now a clear plan to explore interventions that stimulate the ACE2–Ang-(1–7)–Mas pathway further in large clinical trials</b>http://ow.ly/adXT30k1Z5h
High Efficiency Millimeter-Scale Crystalline Perovskite Solar Cells (2015)

Current state-of-the-art photovoltaics utilize high purity single-crystal semiconductors grown by sophisticated, high temperature crystal-growth processes. Alternative emerging solar cell technologies based on solution-processed materials promise to deliver power at lower cost, but so far have had limited success due to the presence of defects in the bulk and at the grain boundaries. Improving the crystal size and quality of solution-processed films could lead to unprecedented improvements in photovoltaic performance. However, large-scale crystal growth is challenging in solution-based deposition where molecular kinetics are limited by the low processing temperature. Here, for the first time we demonstrate organometallic perovskites thin-films composed of extra-ordinarily large crystalline grains (1-2 mm), fabricated using a new processing technique. The increase in the grain-size directly correlates to a dramatic increase in the efficiency, as a direct consequence of increased charge carrier mobility and reduction in defect densities. Our measured efficiency values approach ~18%, which is among the highest reported. These devices are extremely robust, exhibiting no degradation with voltage sweep direction or the rate at which the voltage was scanned. We anticipate that this technique for growing high quality large-area crystals at low temperature with low defect concentration will be universally applicable to a wide variety of other material systems thus providing a solution to a long-standing scientific challenge of overcoming polydispersity, defects and grain boundary recombination in solution-processed thin-films. From the perspective of the global photovoltaics community, these results are expected to lead the field towards the synthesis of wafer-scale crystalline perovskites necessary for the fabrication of high-efficiency single-junction and hybrid (semiconductor and perovskite) tandem planar cells. In addition, I will also discuss design principles that govern the photostability in these systems.
Photoinduced Discharge Characteristics of Cadmium Sulfide Binder Layers in the Xerographic Mode (1965)

The photoinduced discharge characteristics of cadmium sulfide-Lucite binder layers with a CdS powder weight concentration of 89% have been studied as a function of the initial potential, layer thickness, and light intensity over the wavelength range 3800 to 6800 Å. The results are well described by the capacitor discharge model previously presented by Li and Regensburger with only a slight extension necessitated by light penetration into the bulk of the layer; this penetration is caused by light scattering due to the particulate nature of the layer. On the basis of this model, the electron trapping range was determined to be 4.5±1×10−7 cm2/V, a result independently confirmed by a light pulse technique. The quantum efficiency for the photoexcitation of carrier pairs was estimated as unity for all wavelengths studied.
Biologic and clinical significance of red cell ferritin (1983)

Red cell ferritin was measured in normal subjects and patients with disorders of iron metabolism, inflammation, liver dysfunction, impaired hemoglobin synthesis, and increased red cell turnover by means of radioimmunoassays with antibodies to liver (basic) and heart (acidic) ferritins. The normal mean values for basic and acidic ferritin were 8.9 and 22.7 altogram (ag)/cell, respectively. The red cell ferritin content reflected changes occurring in tissues both in iron deficiency and iron overload. Basic ferritin was more closely related to the body iron status than acidic ferritin, and the acidic/basic ferritin ratio was increased in iron deficiency and decreased in iron overload. The major factor determining the red cell ferritin content appeared to be the transferrin saturation, that is, the distribution of iron between monoferric and diferric transferrin. This is in keeping with recent data indicating a competitive advantage of diferric transferrin in delivering iron to erythroid cells. In addition, the red cell ferritin content was increased in thalassemic patients with normal iron status, appearing to be inversely related to the rate of hemoglobin synthesis. The determination of red cell ferritin, based on a commercially available basic ferritin assay, can have clinical application. It can be used for evaluating the adequacy of the iron supply to the erythroid marrow, particularly in patients with increased red cell turnover. Moreover, it may be useful in evaluating the body iron status in patients with hemochromatosis and liver disease.
One-step solution for the general out-of-sequence-measurement problem in tracking (2003)

In multisensor target tracking systems measurements from the same target can arrive out of sequence. Such "out-of-sequence" measurement (OOSM) arrivals can occur even in the absence of scan/frame communication time delays. The resulting problem - how to update the current state estimate with an "older" measurement - is a nonstandard estimation problem. It was solved first (suboptimally, then optimally) for the case where the OOSM lag is less than a sampling interval - the 1-step-lag case. Subsequently, the suboptimal algorithm was extended to the case of an arbitrary (multistep) lag, but the resulting algorithm required a significant amount of storage. The present work shows how the 1-step-lag algorithms can be used for the general multistep lag case, with the benefit of significantly lower storage requirements and a very small (1%) degradation of MSE performance. The incorporation of an OOSM into the data association process and its use in an IMM estimator are also discussed. A realistic example with two GMTI radars is presented.
Pressure recovery in chemical lasers (1977)

A one-dimensiona l flow model of the chemical laser, from combustor to subsonic diffuser, is developed for the study of laser pressure recovery. Combustor and flow chemistry effects, nozzle and cavity boundary-layer losses, laser cavity combustion, and nozzle, cavity, and diffuser geometry influences are included in the analysis. The results from experimental tests on a laser nozzle array with a constant area diffuser are presented. Diffuser exit pressures as high as 263 Torr were measured during these experiments. The one-dimensional flow model is shown to be in agreement with the measured diffuser exit pressures over the full range of test conditions.
System Management With NetScript (1998)

Cost and complexity of managing client machines is a major concern for enterprises. This concern is compounded by emerging client machines that are mobile and diverse. To address this concern, management systems must be easy to configure and deploy, must handle asynchrony and disconnection for mobile clients, and must be customizable for diverse clients. In this paper, we first present NetScript, an environment for scripting with network components. We then propose a management system built with NetScript, where mobile scripts invoke components to perform management operations. We demonstrate that our approach results in a flexible, scalable management system that can support mobile and diverse client machines.
Nylon-3 Copolymers that Generate Cell-Adhesive Surfaces Identified by Library Screening (2009)

Polymers in the nylon-3 family contain subunits derived from beta-amino acids, which are linked to one another via amide bonds. Thus, the nylon-3 backbone is homologous to the alpha-amino acid-based backbone of proteins. This molecular-level homology suggests that nylon-3 materials might be intrinsically protein-mimetic. The experiments described here explore this prospect in the context of cell adhesion, with tissue engineering as a long-range goal. We have evaluated a small library of sequence-random nylon-3 copolymers for the ability to render surfaces attractive to NIH 3T3 fibroblast adhesion and spreading. Library screening was accomplished in a high-throughput, parallel mode via attachment of the copolymers in a two-dimensional array to a modified glass surface. Significant variations in fibroblast adhesion and spreading were observed as a function of nylon-3 subunit identity and proportion. Several of the nylon-3 copolymers supported cell adhesion and morphology that was comparable, or even superior, to that achieved on positive control substrates such as tissue culture polystyrene and collagen-coated glass. Moreover, studies conducted under serum-free conditions demonstrated that specific nylon-3 derivatives supported cell adhesion independently of serum protein adsorption. Although cell adhesion was diminished in the absence of serum, particular copolymers demonstrated an ability to support substantially greater cell adhesion than any of the other conditions, including the positive controls. The nylon-3 copolymers that were most effective at promoting adhesion to a modified glass surface proved also to be effective at promoting adhesion when attached to a PEG-based hydrogel, demonstrating the potential for these copolymers to be used in tissue engineering applications.
Coleridge on persons and things (1991)

The question of how a person — a human being with a living body, consciousness, memory, futurity, intention, and agency — is different from a thing, became significant in Germany and England during the Romantic period because of a series of threats that seemed to be subtly interconnected. The threat to personal coherence posed by David Hume in A Treatise of Human Nature (1740), book 1, section 6, was reinforced by adjacent studies that seemed also to diminish the effectiveness of personal agency. Economic theory, population analysis, and statistics seemed to have practical results in industry and social institutions by equating persons with things and by submerging individual lives in averages that level out over time without regard for intervening sufferings of individual persons. Hume's theory of personality (as it has been called in the two centuries during which its power has persisted) has long-range practical consequences because, by denying the continuous identity of a central person to know, record, remember, and project an imaginative shape to the flux of experience, it makes the person who is even dimly aware of this theory feel increasingly lost, disconnected, and ineffectual: a reaction that Hume himself anticipated when he imagined himself as an outcast on a barren rock (section 7, 311-316). It suggests by extension that other people also not continuous persons who remember or feel and therefore may be freely exploited as means. Despite its possible layers of irony, Hume's statement that imagined selves are nothing but a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity and in a perpetual flux and movement (300) inspired Kant's two ways of establishing persons — as consciousnesses in The Critique of Pure Reason (1781; 259-268) and as ethical agents, as ends rather than means, in The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785). Kant formulates the essential difference between things and persons as the necessary foundation for his categorical imperative, saying that Beings whose existence depends not on our will but on nature's have, nevertheless, if they nonrational beings, only a relative value as means, and therefore called things; rational beings, on the 163 European Romantic Review, 1:2 (Winter 1991)
Enhancement of Oral Absorption in Selective 5-HT<sub>1D</sub>Receptor Agonists:  Fluorinated 3-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]indoles (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTEnhancement of Oral Absorption in Selective 5-HT1D Receptor Agonists: Fluorinated 3-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]indolesJosé L. Castro, Ian Collins, Michael G. N. Russell, Alan P. Watt, Bindi Sohal, Denise Rathbone, Margaret S. Beer, and Josephine A. StantonView Author Information Chemistry and Biochemistry Departments, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, U.K. Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 15, 2667–2670Publication Date (Web):June 30, 1998Publication History Received1 April 1998Published online30 June 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm980204ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm980204erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1204Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Agonists,Piperidines,Receptors,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Performance of a tuneable secondary x-ray spectrometer (1989)

An efficient, high-resolution secondary x-ray spectrometer is critical to studies of x-ray-excited fluorescent x-ray emission spectra. Even with the highest available incident flux of x rays, the signal count rate can become unacceptably low when dispersed by an analyzing crystal. This problem is most serious in studies of gas targets, or at low energies where fluorescence yields are low. We have characterized the performance of a spectrometer based on the Rowland circle geometry with a variable-radius curved (Johann) analyzing crystal. A position-sensitive detector was used so that counts at a range of points on the Rowland circle corresponding to different wavelengths can be recorded in parallel. The efficiency of the spectrometer permits the observation of weak processes, such as subthreshold elastic and elastic x-ray scattering from gases. Energy resolution at low energies is sufficient to allow observations of spectral peak widths which are narrower than lifetime broadening widths. Polarization dependence of the fluorescence can also be studied.