gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Molecule Motions of Oligoarginine Transporter Conjugates on the Plasma Membrane of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (2008)

To explore the real-time dynamic behavior of molecular transporters of the cell-penetrating-peptide (CPP) type on a biological membrane, single fluorescently labeled oligoarginine conjugates were imaged interacting with the plasma membrane of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The diffusional motion on the membrane, characterized by single-molecule diffusion coefficient and residence time (tau R), defined as the time from the initial appearance of a single-molecule spot on the membrane (from the solution) to the time the single molecule disappears from the imaging focal plane, was observed for a fluorophore-labeled octaarginine (a model guanidinium-rich CPP) and compared with the corresponding values observed for a tetraarginine conjugate (negative control), a lipid analogue, and a fluorescently labeled protein conjugate (transferrin-Alexa594) known to enter the cell through endocytosis. Imaging of the oligoarginine conjugates was enabled by the use of a new high-contrast fluorophore in the dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran family, which brightens upon interaction with the membrane at normal oxygen concentrations. Taken as a whole, the motions of the octaarginine conjugate single molecules are highly heterogeneous and cannot be described as Brownian motion with a single diffusion coefficient. The observed behavior is also different from that of lipids, known to penetrate cellular membranes through passive diffusion, conventionally involving lateral diffusion followed by membrane bilayer flip-flop. Furthermore, while the octaarginine conjugate behavior shares some common features with transferrin uptake (endocytotic) processes, the two systems also exhibit dissimilar traits when diffusional motions and residence times of single constructs are compared. Additionally, pretreatment of cells with cytochalasin D, a known actin filament disruptor, produces no significant effect, which further rules out unimodal endocytosis as the mechanism of uptake. Also, the involvement of membrane potential in octaarginine-membrane interaction is supported by significant changes in the motion with high [K(+)] treatment. In sum, this first study of single transporter motion on the membrane of a living cell indicates that the mode by which the octaarginine transporter penetrates the cell membrane appears to either be a multimechanism uptake process or a mechanism different from unimodal passive diffusion or endocytosis.
Revisiting the Effectiveness of Off-the-shelf Temporal Modeling Approaches for Large-scale Video Classification (2017)

This paper describes our solution for the video recognition task of ActivityNet Kinetics challenge that ranked the 1st place. Most of existing state-of-the-art video recognition approaches are in favor of an end-to-end pipeline. One exception is the framework of DevNet. The merit of DevNet is that they first use the video data to learn a network (i.e. fine-tuning or training from scratch). Instead of directly using the end-to-end classification scores (e.g. softmax scores), they extract the features from the learned network and then fed them into the off-the-shelf machine learning models to conduct video classification. However, the effectiveness of this line work has long-term been ignored and underestimated. In this submission, we extensively use this strategy. Particularly, we investigate four temporal modeling approaches using the learned features: Multi-group Shifting Attention Network, Temporal Xception Network, Multi-stream sequence Model and Fast-Forward Sequence Model. Experiment results on the challenging Kinetics dataset demonstrate that our proposed temporal modeling approaches can significantly improve existing approaches in the large-scale video recognition tasks. Most remarkably, our best single Multi-group Shifting Attention Network can achieve 77.7% in term of top-1 accuracy and 93.2% in term of top-5 accuracy on the validation set.
Development and validation of the impact of dry eye on everyday life (IDEEL) questionnaire, a patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measure for the assessment of the burden of dry eye on patients (2011)

The IDEEL is a reliable, valid and comprehensive questionnaire relevant to issues that are specific to dry eye patients, and meets current FDA patient-reported outcomes guidelines. The use of this questionnaire will provide assessment of the impact of dry eye on patient dry eye-related quality of life, impact of treatment on patient outcomes in clinical trials, and may aid in treatment effectiveness evaluation.
Captain Cook graving dock, Sydney (1948)

The desirability of constructing a large modern graving dock in Australia, capable of accommodating the largest capital ships, had been under consideration by the Commonwealth authorities as a means of empire defence for some considerable time before the outbreak of hostilities in 1939. The only graving dock in the East which could deal with the largest naval vessels was at Singapore, 4,600 miles distant from Sydney. It was felt that Australia should be capable of furnishing equivalent facilities for the Royal Australian Navy and the British Pacific Fleet.
Semi-automatic modelling of urban buildings from high resolution aerial imagery (2002)

A method is presented to (semi-)automatically generate 3D models of urban buildings from aerial images. The process starts by selecting (with a mouse click) one or more roofs in the image(s). The program then automatically delineates the roof structures in the images and extracts straight line segments which are matched across different views and reconstructed in 3D. These 3D line segments are then grouped into coplanar sets and combined into polygonal shapes. Each polygon hypothesis is verified with respect to the 3D reconstruction and the original image data; and, if necessary, corrected accordingly. Subsequently, the polygons are combined into a polyhedral roof model. The emphasis here is on extracting the correct topology of the roof structure. Metric accuracy is obtained by back-projecting the model into the images and minimizing the total reprojection error. Finally, the building model is completed by adding vertical walls to the reconstructed roof. The approach is tested on a state-of-the-art dataset of aerial images of residential areas in Brussels.
Evaluation of dynamic sensitivity control algorithm for IEEE 802.11ax (2015)

The explosive growth in the usage of IEEE 802.11 network has resulted in dense deployments in diverse environments. Most recently, the IEEE working group has triggered the IEEE 802.11ax project, which aims to amend the current IEEE 802.11 standard to improve efficiency of dense WLANs. In this paper, we evaluate the Dynamic Sensitivity Control (DSC) Algorithm proposed for IEEE 802.11ax. This algorithm dynamically adjusts the Carrier Sense Threshold (CST) based on the average received signal strength. We show that the aggregate throughput of a dense network utilizing DSC is considerably improved (i.e. up to 20%) when compared with the IEEE 802.11 legacy network.
Not to Cry Wolf: Distantly Supervised Multitask Learning in Critical Care (2018)

Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) require constant and close supervision. To assist clinical staff in this task, hospitals use monitoring systems that trigger audiovisual alarms if their algorithms indicate that a patient's condition may be worsening. However, current monitoring systems are extremely sensitive to movement artefacts and technical errors. As a result, they typically trigger hundreds to thousands of false alarms per patient per day - drowning the important alarms in noise and adding to the exhaustion of clinical staff. In this setting, data is abundantly available, but obtaining trustworthy annotations by experts is laborious and expensive. We frame the problem of false alarm reduction from multivariate time series as a machine-learning task and address it with a novel multitask network architecture that utilises distant supervision through multiple related auxiliary tasks in order to reduce the number of expensive labels required for training. We show that our approach leads to significant improvements over several state-of-the-art baselines on real-world ICU data and provide new insights on the importance of task selection and architectural choices in distantly supervised multitask learning.
Seizure in a Nonpredisposed Individual Induced by Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (2010)

Seizure induction is a rare, but serious adverse effect of the otherwise very safe method of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). There are only very few single case reports concerning seizure in single-pulse TMS. All of these reports describe individuals with neurological disorders or epileptogenic medication. To our knowledge, we are the first to describe a healthy subject who developed symptoms of a seizure after single-pulse TMS during motor threshold estimation. This case report provides evidence that single-pulse TMS may provoke a seizure even in the absence of neurological risk factors. Differential diagnoses of a classic neurological seizure, that is, convulsive syncope and psychogenic seizure, are discussed. Neurogenic seizure after TMS and convulsive syncope are the most probable hypotheses, although clear specification of this singular incident remains impossible. Therefore, to minimize the risk for such rare adverse effects, existing and new suggestions are combined to provide reasonable precautions to be taken before and during TMS application.
Visualization of high-throughput and label-free antibody-polypeptide binding for drug screening based on microarrays and surface plasmon resonance imaging (2012)

This work presents a visualization method for the high-throughput monitoring of antibody-polypeptide binding by integrating a microarray chip with surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). A prism-coupled SPRi system with smart images processing software and a 5 × 5 polypeptide microarray was developed. The modeling analysis was performed to optimize the system and the materials of prism and chip, looking for the optimal incident wavelength and angle of incidence for dynamic SPRi detection in solution. The system can dynamically monitor 25 tunnels of biomolecule interactions in solution without secondary tag reactants. In addition, this system can determine the specific profile of antibody-polypeptide binding in each tunnel and yield a visual three-dimensional histogram of dynamic combinations in all microarray tunnels. Furthermore, the detection limit of the label-free antibody-polypeptide binding reached 1 pg/μL in a one-step binding test, and an ultrasensitive detection of 10 fg/μL was obtained using three-step cascade binding. Using the peptide microarray, the amount of sample and reagents used was reduced to 80 nL per tunnel, and 20 × 20 tunnels of biomolecule interactions could be analyzed in parallel in a 7 mm × 7 mm microreaction cells. This device and method offer a potential platform for high-throughput and label-free dynamic monitoring multiple biomolecule interactions for drug discovery and basic biomedical research.
Functional resist materials for negative tone development in advanced lithography (2012)

Challenges of lithography performance, dry etch resistance, and substrate dependency in resist materials dedicated to negative tone development (NTD) process were studied. The gamma-parameter in contrast curve was increased to achieve improvement in lithography performances, and CD-uniformity (CDU), DOF, and circularity of dense C/H pattern were studied for the resist material. Ohnishi-parameter of de-protected polymer was decreased to improve dry etch resistance, and dissolution property and lithography performance were studied to look at maturity of materials. Formulation dependency on pattern collapse property on spin-on-type Si-hard mask (Si-HM) were studied, and material property to suppress pattern collapse was discussed.
Conceptual SLA framework for cloud computing (2010)

Cloud computing has been a hot topic in the research community since 2007. In cloud computing, the online services are conducted to be pay-as-you-use. Service customers need not be in a long term contract with service providers. Service level agreements (SLAs) are agreements signed between a service provider and another party such as a service consumer, broker agent, or monitoring agent. Because cloud computing is a recent technology providing many services for critical business applications, reliable and flexible mechanisms to manage online contracts are very important. This paper presents the main criteria which should be considered at the stage of designing the SLA in cloud computing. Also, we investigate the negotiation strategies between cloud provider and cloud consumer and propose our method to maintain the trust and reliability between each of the parties involved in the negotiation process.
Influence of Indigenous Microbiota on Amount of Protein and Activities of Alkaline Phosphatase and Disaccharidases in Extracts of Intestinal Mucosa in Mice (1981)

The protein content and the activities of alkaline phosphatase, maltase, and sucrase were measured at 0800, 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 in saline extracts of the proximal small bowels of germfree and of ex-germfree mice colonized with an indigenous microbiota. In extracts prepared from germfree mice, the total activities of all of the enzymes were relatively constant throughout the sampling period. Likewise, the total activity of alkaline phosphatase in extracts prepared from associated mice varied little as a function of time. By contrast, the total activities of maltase and sucrase in the extracts from these latter animals varied significantly from sample to sample. The total activity levels in extracts from germfree mice were approximately twofold greater than the levels in extracts from associated mice. The specific activities of alkaline phosphatase and sucrase did not vary from sample to sample in extracts prepared from either type of mouse. In contrast, the specific activity of maltase in extracts prepared from both germfree and associated mice differed significantly from sample to sample. The specific activities of all three enzymes were greater in extracts from germfree animals than in those from associated animals. The protein content of extracts prepared from germfree mice also was greater than that of extracts prepared from associated animals at every sampling time. The amount of protein extractable from the mucosa of the small bowels of the former animals varied significantly at different sampling times during the day, whereas the amount of protein extractable from the tracts of associated animals remained relatively constant throughout the day. The indigenous microbiota apparently stabilizes in some way the amount of protein extractable from the mucosa of the mouse small bowel.
Structural basis for distinctive recognition of fibrinogen γC peptide by the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 (2008)

Hemostasis and thrombosis (blood clotting) involve fibrinogen binding to integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) on platelets, resulting in platelet aggregation. alpha(v)beta(3) binds fibrinogen via an Arg-Asp-Gly (RGD) motif in fibrinogen's alpha subunit. alpha(IIb)beta(3) also binds to fibrinogen; however, it does so via an unstructured RGD-lacking C-terminal region of the gamma subunit (gammaC peptide). These distinct modes of fibrinogen binding enable alpha(IIb)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(3) to function cooperatively in hemostasis. In this study, crystal structures reveal the integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)-gammaC peptide interface, and, for comparison, integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) bound to a lamprey gammaC primordial RGD motif. Compared with RGD, the GAKQAGDV motif in gammaC adopts a different backbone configuration and binds over a more extended region. The integrin metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) Mg(2+) ion binds the gammaC Asp side chain. The adjacent to MIDAS (ADMIDAS) Ca(2+) ion binds the gammaC C terminus, revealing a contribution for ADMIDAS in ligand binding. Structural data from this natively disordered gammaC peptide enhances our understanding of the involvement of gammaC peptide and integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) in hemostasis and thrombosis.
CD4 T cells producing pro-inflammatory interleukin-17 mediate high pathology in schistosomiasis (2006)

In murine schistosomiasis mansoni, pronounced CD4 T cell-mediated, egg-induced, hepato-intestinal immunopathology and death, whether genetically determined or elicited experimentally, are associated with failure to down-regulate a net pro-inflammatory immune response. Important evidence contributing to this notion comes from the observation that immunization with schistosome egg antigens in CFA (SEA/CFA) causes low pathology C57BL/6 mice to develop an exacerbated form of disease and death in a cytokine milieu characterized by elevated interferon (IFN)-gamma levels. Since such a pro-inflammatory environment presumes a signaling pathway involving interleukin (IL)-12, the SEA/CFA immunization model was used to examine the extent of hepatic immunopathology in the absence of this cytokine. Surprisingly, the IL-12p40 subunit was an absolute requirement for the development of exacerbated disease, whereas the IL-12p35 subunit was not. Moreover, significantly elevated in vitro production of IL-17, but not of IFN-gamma, correlated with the high pathology, and neutralization of IL-17 in vivo resulted in a significant reduction of hepatic inflammation. Our findings clearly demonstrate the pathogenic potential of the novel IL-17-producing T cell subpopulation (ThIL-17), previously shown to mediate chronic inflammation in autoimmune disease. They also imply that IL-23, but not IL-12, is the critical signal necessary to support the pro-inflammatory ThIL-17 subset involved in high pathology schistosomiasis.
Incorporation of a perfluoroalkylalkane (R <sub>F</sub> R <sub>H</sub> ) into the phospholipid bilayer of dmpc liposomes results in greater encapsulation stability (1994)

The incorporation of a linear perfluoroalkylalkane (RFRH diblock compound) with a CnF2n+1CH=CHCmH2m+1 structure into the bilayer of DMPC liposomes results in a decreased permeability of the liposomal membrane for two fluorescent markers, carboxyfluorescein (CF) and calcein, in a buffer and in human serum. Half-leakage times of CF from DMPC and DMPC/C4F9CH=CHC10H21 vesicles in Hepes buffer were 55 min and 15 hrs, respectively. For the same two types of vesicles, half-leakage times of calcein in human serum were 30 and 210 s., respectively.
Coupling and propagation of normal and dysrhythmic gastric slow waves during acute hyperglycaemia in healthy humans (2009)

Acute hyperglycaemia in healthy humans disrupts slow wave rhythm similar to that observed in diabetic gastropathy, but hyperglycaemic effects on regional dysrhythmias, power, coupling and propagation are unexplored. Using mucosal mapping, we aimed to demonstrate that hyperglycaemia elicits region-specific tachygastria and evokes slow wave uncoupling between adjacent regions. Catheters with bipolar electrodes were affixed 10.5, 6 and 2 cm from the pylorus during endoscopy with midazolam in 10 healthy humans. Recordings were obtained for 1 h under basal conditions and for 1 h with hyperglycaemic clamping to 250 mg dL(-1). In basal recordings, proximal and distal slow wave frequencies were similar [2.91 +/- 0.05 vs 2.81 +/- 0.09 cycles per minute (cpm)]. Tachygastria (>3.6 cpm) was present 1.7 +/- 1.1% of the time proximally and 3.3 +/- 1.8% distally and localized to one lead 67% of the time. Proximal to distal gradients in signal power and power variability were observed. Coupling between adjacent sites was 78 +/- 2% with propagation velocities of 1.3 +/- 0.1 cm s(-1). 2 +/- 1% of segments showed >50% uncoupling. Hyperglycaemic clamping increased mean proximal (3.18 +/- 0.11 cpm) and distal (3.50 +/- 0.12 cpm) frequencies and proximal (15 +/- 6%) and distal (32 +/- 9%) tachygastria (all P < 0.01) that localized to one lead 80% of the time. During periods of normal frequency, coupling decreased proximally (54 +/- 6%) and distally (47 +/- 4%) (P < 0.01). 55 +/- 8% of segments showed >50% uncoupling (P < 0.01). In conclusion, gastric slow waves show stable, highly coupled rhythms under basal conditions. Hyperglycaemia elicits isolated tachygastrias and uncoupling of normal slow waves that are most prominent distally. These findings provide a foundation for studying slow wave conduction defects in diabetic gastropathy.
Size matters: why nanomaterials are different (2006)

Gold is known as a shiny, yellow noble metal that does not tarnish, has a face centred cubic structure, is non-magnetic and melts at 1336 K. However, a small sample of the same gold is quite different, providing it is tiny enough: 10 nm particles absorb green light and thus appear red. The melting temperature decreases dramatically as the size goes down. Moreover, gold ceases to be noble, and 2-3 nm nanoparticles are excellent catalysts which also exhibit considerable magnetism. At this size they are still metallic, but smaller ones turn into insulators. Their equilibrium structure changes to icosahedral symmetry, or they are even hollow or planar, depending on size. The present tutorial review intends to explain the origin of this special behaviour of nanomaterials.
THE POTENTIAL OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN DYNAMIC GEOMETRY EDUCATION (2006)

ABSTRACT: This paper summarizes work done within the previous 6 years to integrate and implement Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) technologies in geometry education. A VR/AR application supporting dynamic 3D geometry is presented, intended for real use in high school and university geometry education. Related areas such as dynamic three-dimensional geometry, usability and user interface design, spatial abilities, pedagogy and low-cost VR systems influenced our work and the development of the educational geometry application Construct3D. After describing the design of Construct3D, the strengths of this learning environment for geometry education are investigated. Dynamic three-dimensional geometric content is depicted that fully benefits from the advantages provided by the application. In order to adapt software and hardware to users ’ needs, user interfaces were redesigned and in depth research was done on usability design. Very positive and useful feedback from teachers and students, who are excited by the possibilities, was collected in three evaluations with more than 100 students in over 500 teaching lessons. Results from these evaluations show that Construct3D is easy to use, requires little time to learn, encourages learners to explore geometry and can be used in a consistent way.
Features of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Black Population (1995)

This study provides population-based data on the frequency of features of age-related macular degeneration based on photographic gradings of a black population. Features of early age-related macular degeneration were common, but appeared at a lower frequency than has been reported for white populations. Exudative disease was infrequent, occurring in about one of 200 participants.