gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversal of drug resistance by silencing Survivin gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia cells. (2008)

The role of Survivin in the pathogenesis of leukemia was explored in order to discover the effective avenues for gene therapy. Most primary leukemia cells isolated from patients as well as three leukemia cell lines (HL-60, K562, and U937) all expressed Survivin gene. To investigate the relationship between Survivin and chemotherapeutic resistance, HL-60 cells were treated with daunorubicin (DNR), mitoxantrone (MIT) or arsenious oxide (As(2)O(3)), and it was found that after 24 h the level of Survivin mRNA was decreased by 9.7%, 41.0% and 27.5%, respectively. At 72 h, the level of Survivin mRNA was increased by 21.2% and 65.2% in HL-60 cells treated with DNR or MIT, but decreased by 33.2% in those treated with As(2)O(3) as compared with that in the cells treated for 24 h. These results showed that DNR and MIT could initally decrease the expression of Survivin and then increase it, but As(2)O(3) could decrease the Survivin expression continually. Furthermore, shRNA plasmids targeting the Survivin gene (pEGFP-Survivin), which can silence the expression of Survivin with a high specificity, were constructed. pEGFP-Survivin and pEGFP-H1 were transfected into HL-60 cells via electroporation and selected by G418, and HL-60/Survivin and HL-60/EGFP cells were obtained. After treatment with DNR, the cell survival rate and IC(50) of DNR in HL-60/Survivin cells were decreased substantially as compared with those of HL-60/EGFP and HL-60 cells (IC(50) of DNR: 18.3 +/- 2.45 vs 40.8 +/- 6.37 and 39.2 +/- 5.91 ng/ml, respectively), and the apoptosis rate was elevated ((84.3 +/- 19.7)% vs (45.8 +/- 13.8)% and (50.9 +/- 12.4)%, respectively). These results suggest that shRNA can down-regulate the expression of Survivin in HL-60 cells substantially and improve their sensitivity to DNR. They also further explain the pathogenesis of leukemia drug resistance and provide new theory in the design of clinical therapies.
[Effect of low serum culture on the synchrony of cell cycle of mesenchymal stem cells]. (2007)

It is a good method to induce the synchrony of cell cycle of MSCs at G0/G1 stage in five days of 5 mL/L FBS.
Base Dependence in Copper‐Catalyzed Huisgen Reactions: Efficient Formation of Bistriazoles (2007)

Click, click: Using a carbonate base as an additive in the copper-accelerated click reaction of alkynes and azides led to an oxidative coupling to form predominately 5,5′-bistriazoles (see scheme). The reaction proved more facile for propargylic ethers and less hindered substrates. Use of an optically active azide gave separable atropisomeric products and provides a convenient access to optically pure derivatives. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z700399_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Augmented Learning: Context-Aware Mobile Augmented Reality Architecture for Learning (2006)

Mobile augmented reality system (MARS) based e-learning environments equip a learner with a mobile wearable see-through display that interacts with training/learning software. MARS has the potential to adapt to individual learner needs and dynamically distribute tailored instruction to improve learning performance for a life time. While using MARS, learners may interact with their natural environment while MARS digitally annotates real-world objects with digital content. This digital content may combine multi-modal animation, graphics, text, and video as well as voice used to augment instruction based on empirical pedagogical models. The challenge, however, is building a MARS software architecture that fulfills this potential and is also reusable, interoperable, and adaptive to individual augmented reality (AR) "heads-up displays" while, at the same time, capable of delivering personalized instruction to the learner
Fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy and cavity ring-down (CRD) absorption spectroscopy of oil-contaminated jet fuel using fiber-optic probes (2012)

Excitation emission matrix (EEM) and cavity ring-down (CRD) spectral signatures have been used to detect and quantitatively assess contamination of jet fuels with aero-turbine lubricating oil. The EEM spectrometer has been fiber-coupled to permit in situ measurements of jet turbine oil contamination of jet fuel. Parallel Factor (PARAFAC) analysis as well as Principal Component Analysis and Regression (PCA/PCR) were used to quantify oil contamination in a range from the limit of detection (10 ppm) to 1000 ppm. Fiber-loop cavity ring-down spectroscopy using a pulsed 355 nm laser was used to quantify the oil contamination in the range of 400 ppm to 100,000 ppm. Both methods in combination therefore permit the detection of oil contamination with a linear dynamic range of about 10,000.
Accelerated SQL Server 2008 (2008)

The expert tuition and approach to rapid learning in Accelerated SQL Server 2008, one of the first SQL Server 2008 books available, will enable SQL Server and other database professionals to make the
The mood-improving actions of antidepressants do not depend on neurogenesis but are associated with neuronal remodeling (2008)

The mechanisms underlying the initiation/onset of, and the recovery from, depression are still largely unknown; views that neurogenesis in the hippocampus may be important for the pathogenesis and amelioration of depressive symptoms have gained currency over the years although the original evidence has been challenged. In this study, an unpredictable chronic mild stress protocol was used to induce a depressive-like phenotype in rats. In the last 2 weeks of stress exposure, animals were treated with the antidepressants fluoxetine, imipramine, CP 156,526 or SSR 1494515, alone or combined with methylazoxymethanol, a cytostatic agent used to arrest neurogenesis. We found that antidepressants retain their therapeutic efficacy in reducing both measured indices of depression-like behavior (learned helplessness and anhedonia), even when neurogenesis is blocked. Instead, our experiments suggest re-establishment of neuronal plasticity (dendritic remodeling and synaptic contacts) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, rather than neurogenesis, as the basis for the restoration of behavioral homeostasis by antidepressants.
Polarization-insensitive liquid crystal Fresnel lens of dynamic focusing in an orthogonal binary configuration (2006)

We report on a polarization-insensitive liquid crystal (LC) Fresnel lens with the centrosymmetry of dynamic focusing in an orthogonally alternating hybrid configuration. The polarization-insensitive Fresnel lens having such successive orthogonal hybrid alignment in two adjacent zones was fabricated using a single-masking process through two-step exposure of a linearly polarized ultraviolet light. It was found that the dynamic focusing property of the LC Fresnel lens is electrically controllable and entirely centrosymmetrical irrespective of the polarization state of an incident light.
REACTIVE POLYMER COATINGS FOR BIOMIMETIC SURFACE ENGINEERING (2006)

Functionalized poly-p-xylylenes establish a unique class of reactive polymers that are useful for biomimetic and spatially directed surface engineering. Reactive coating technology uses chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization to deposit a wide range of chemical signatures on various substrate materials. Its simplicity in providing chemically reactive groups and its applicability to three-dimensional geometries (e.g., for microfluidics) enables exact tailoring of surface properties and the preparation of biologically relevant microenvironments. Reactive coatings are compatible with soft lithographic processes allowing for patterning of proteins, DNA, cytokines, and mammalian cells. Current trends regarding polymer-based surface engineering approaches, and more specifically, functionalized poly-p-xylylenes, are discussed.
Hemophilia A Induced by Ipilimumab (2011)

A case is reported in which ipilimumab therapy for melanoma was followed by the development of an autoantibody to factor VIII.
[Isolation of a cellular hybrid secreting an antibody specific for human leukocyte interferon]. (1980)

A cellular hybrid secreting a Mouse monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG) specific of human leukocyte interferon has been obtained, following fusion of a nonsecreting variant of the myeloma P3X63 Ag8 with splenic lymphocytes from a Mouse immunized against interferon incorporated into liposomes. The antibody also recognizes human interferon made by a bacterial recombinant and a fraction of interferon made by Namalva cells. Mass production of the antibody has been achieved using ascitic growth of the hybrid in Mice.
Why AFIPS Invested in History (1986)

The simple answer to the question of why AFIPS invested in history - given the benefit of today's 20/20 hindsight - is that there is no economic market for the history of contemporary technology. In the special case of information technology, everyone involved is far too busy keeping up with today's events and tomorrow's predictions, and no time is available to be concerned about yesterday.
Separation of solids in the surface-layers of solutions and ‘suspensions’ (observations on surface-membranes, bubbles, emulsions, and mechanical coagulation).—Preliminary account (1904)

Abstract In a paper published in Du Bois Reymond’s ‘Archiv für Anat. und Physiologie’ in 1894, I showed that mere agitation of various proteid solutions brought about a separation of some of their contained proteid in the form of fibrous or membrano-fibrous solids, and that it was possible in this way to coagulate and remove the whole of the proteid from solutions of egg-albumin. It was proved also that these de-solutions and coagulations of proteid were not due to the action of enzymes, heat, or surface evaporation, and were not appreciably affected by the nature of the gas in contact with the liquid or of the vessel in which the agitation was effected. A prolonged series of further experiments, undertaken with a view of ascertaining the precise cause of this phenomenon, has led me to the discovery of an important, but hitherto unnoticed physical fact:—namely, that, quite apart from evaporation, solid or highly viscous coatings are spontaneously, and more or less rapidly formed on the free surfaces of all proteid solutions.
Quasi-Phase-Matched Waveguide Devices for Generation of Postselection-Free Polarization-Entangled Twin Photons (2009)

Quasi-phase-matched (QPM) Ti : LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> waveguide devices for generation of postselection-free polarization-entangled twin photons are proposed. The devices consist of cascaded two sections of slightly different QPM parameters. Generation of the entangled photons in the telecommunication band in a fabricated device of 2 times 15 mm interaction length is demonstrated through photon coincidence counting and quantum interference experiments.
Flexible resources reservation scheme for ad hoc networks (2010)

Ad hoc networks (AHNs) include mobile nodes with limited communication resources on which the path selection is usually made according to a best effort strategy. Today, AHNs are facing a new challenge: a resources reservation mechanism oriented quality of service. The importance of this challenge makes this issue focused by several researchers. In this paper we propose a flexible QoS reservation mechanism for AHNs, called F_QSRR. In our proposition, we consider a novel scheme for the resources allocation allowing an optimistic and pessimist behaviour to the applications. The advantages of this proposition are shown thanks to some simulation results that are detailed in the end of this paper.
Hot Needle Thermal Keratoplasty to Correct Naturally Occurring Hyperopic Astigmatism (1996)

Hot needle sectoral thermal keratoplasty appears to be safe and partially effective in reducing hyperopic astigmatism, but considerable postoperative regression may occur.
The Formation of Fluorescent Substance by Lipidperoxides. III (1982)

Lipofuscin-like fluorescent substance was obtained from the reaction of β-phenylethylamine and n-hexanal, which is one of the secondary products of autoxidized methyl linoleate and it was separated by high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. This fluorescent substance showed excitation maxima 366 nm and emission maxima 428 nm. The addition of unsaturated aldehyde, that is, 2-hexenal, crotonaldehyde or 2-n-butyl-2-octenal derived from aldol condensation of n-hexanal in the reaction system increased significantly the formation of fluorescent substance. However, the main product in this reaction system was a shiff base compound from β-phenylethylamine and 2-n-butyl-2-octenal, but was not fluorescent substance. On the other hand, the fluorescent substance obtained from the reaction of malondialdehyde and β-phenylethylamine was 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivative, three molar malondialdehyde condensed with one molar β-phenylethylamine. These results suggested that lipofuscin-like fluorescent substance would be formed from the reaction of various amino compounds and dialdehyde compounds derived from"michael reaction"of saturated aldehyde compounds and unsaturated aldehyde compounds.
Identification and Molecular Characterization of the First α-Xylosidase from an Archaeon (2000)

We here report the first molecular characterization of an alpha-xylosidase (XylS) from an Archaeon. Sulfolobus solfataricus is able to grow at temperatures higher than 80 degrees C on several carbohydrates at acidic pH. The isolated xylS gene encodes a monomeric enzyme homologous to alpha-glucosidases, alpha-xylosidases, glucoamylases and sucrase-isomaltases of the glycosyl hydrolase family 31. xylS belongs to a cluster of four genes in the S. solfataricus genome, including a beta-glycosidase, an hypothetical membrane protein homologous to the major facilitator superfamily of transporters, and an open reading frame of unknown function. The alpha-xylosidase was overexpressed in Escherichia coli showing optimal activity at 90 degrees C and a half-life at this temperature of 38 h. The purified enzyme follows a retaining mechanism of substrate hydrolysis, showing high hydrolytic activity on the disaccharide isoprimeverose and catalyzing the release of xylose from xyloglucan oligosaccharides. Synergy is observed in the concerted in vitro hydrolysis of xyloglucan oligosaccharides by the alpha-xylosidase and the beta-glycosidase from S. solfataricus. The analysis of the total S. solfataricus RNA revealed that all the genes of the cluster are actively transcribed and that xylS and orf3 genes are cotranscribed.
Lead Frame and Wire Length Limitations to Bond Densification (1989)

At IC package lead counts above 100, the limiting factor for bond densification in single layer packages with gold wire interconnections shifts from pad pitch to a combination of lead tip pitch and wire length. To quantify this effect, the densification capabilities of four different lead frame designs were calculated for the 164 lead plastic quad flat pack (PQFP) and compared to the pad limited (i.e., non-lead frame/wire length constrained) design. Of the four, the orthogonal layout provided maximum densification although its die size was still almost 33 percent larger than that of the pad limited design. It also had the disadvantage of a large angle of attack between the wire and the lead tip orientations at second bond. At the other extreme, the die-centered radial layout assured zero angle of attack but required a 53 percent larger die than the pad-limited layout. The other two lead frame designs resulted in die sizes which fell between these limits, slightly above the orthogonal layout value. After consideration of factors such as densification, manufacturability and die size tolerance, it was concluded that the variable center, variable radius layout, which features constant bond pad pitch and wire length, offers the best densification opportunity for wire bonded products. For maximum (i.e., pad limited) densification to optimize die yields and performance, advanced interconnect technologies such as TAB (tape-automated bonding) will be required.
Changes in lipid composition of Escherichia coli resulting from growth with organic solvents and with food additives (1977)

Cells of Escherichia coli contain an altered fatty acid and phospholipid composition when grown in the presence of sublethal concentrations of a variety of organic solvents and food additives. The diversity of compounds examined which caused these changes indicates that no single catabolic pathway is involved. Many of the observed changes are consistent with the hypothesis that cells adapt their membrane lipids to compensate for the presence of these compounds in the environment. Both sodium benzoate and calcium propionate caused the synthesis of unusual fatty acids.
[Sequence analysis of apical membrane antigen I from a Plasmodium falciparum isolate collected from Mengpeng Township, Yunnan Province]. (1995)

Genomic DNA from a Plasmodium falciparum isolate (CMP-1) collected from a falciparum malaria patient at Mengpeng Township, Mengla County, Yunnan Province was used as the template for PCR amplification primered with oligonucleotides from the conserved regions of the apical membrane antigen I (AMA-1) as reported. PCR products recovered from the low melting-point agarose gel electrophoresis were digested with BamHI and EcoRI to generate fragments approximately 420, 445 and 900 bp which were used as the inserts to insert into the M13 mp8 and M13 mp9 vectors for sequencing using 373 sequencer. 1773 bases were read out, among which 17 point mutations were found to result in substitutions of 15 codens which were non-synonymous mutations except for one as compared with that of the consensus. In particular, a relatively hot region of variation was apparent between amino acids 160 and 210.
A Unified Analysis of Max-Min Weighted SINR for MIMO Downlink System (2011)

This paper studies the max-min weighted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) problem in the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) downlink, where multiple users are weighted according to priority and are subject to a weighted-sum-power constraint. First, we study the multiple-input-single-output (MISO) and single-input-multiple- output (SIMO) problems using nonlinear Perron-Frobenius theory. As a by-product, we solve the open problem of convergence for a previously proposed MISO algorithm by Wiesel, Eldar, and Shamai in 2006. Furthermore, we unify our analysis with respect to the previous alternate optimization algorithm proposed by Tan, Chiang, and Srikant in 2009, by showing that our MISO result can, in fact, be derived from their algorithm. Next, we combine our MISO and SIMO results into an algorithm for the MIMO problem. We show that our proposed algorithm is optimal when the channels are rank-one, or when the network is operating in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. Finally, we prove the parametric continuity of the MIMO problem in the power constraint, and we use this insight to propose a heuristic initialization strategy for improving the performance of our (generally) suboptimal MIMO algorithm. The proposed initialization strategy exhibits improved performance over random initialization.
Techniques for the measurement of the flexural rigidity of thin films and laminates (1966)

Abstract : A method of measuring the flexural rigidity of thin films and laminates is described. The method employs the principle of the heavy elastic a which relates flexural rigidity to the deflection of the material under its own weight. Results are presented of tests to determine the stiffness of plastic films and plastic-metal laminates for use in space structures experiments. Tests were performed on untreated and aluminized polyETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATEJ FILM, ALUMINUM FOIL, AND LAMINATES OF ALUMINUM FOIL AND POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTAHLATE film or polypropylene film. The thickness of the materials ranged from 0.00018 inch (0.00046 cm) to 0.00270 inch (0.00691 cm). The weight efficiency in flexure is presented, the efficiency of the aluminized polyETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE film (Echo I material) being taken as unity. It has been shown that the principle of the heavy elastic a (including both the heart-loop and the cantilever methods) is valid for such determinations if the material does not have a static electric charge. Although higher stiffness can be obtained at the expense of more weight, the investigation showed that the rigidity can increase more rapidly than the weight. Compared with the Echo I material, the laminates had the highest efficiencies of the materials that were tested. A comparison between the flexural stiffness determined by a standard stiffness tester and that determined by the heavy-elastic a method revealed that the results of the two methods correlated well only for comparatively large values of stiffness. For small values, however, or for small differences in stiffness, the elastica method was the more sensitive method.
Comparison of alternative nucleophiles for Sortase A-mediated bioconjugation and application in neuronal cell labelling (2014)

The Sortase A (SrtA) enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus catalyses covalent attachment of protein substrates to pentaglycine cross-bridges in the Gram positive bacterial cell wall. In vitro SrtA-mediated protein ligation is now an important protein engineering tool for conjugation of substrates containing the LPXTGX peptide recognition sequence to oligo-glycine nucleophiles. In order to explore the use of alternative nucleophiles in this system, five different rhodamine-labelled compounds, with N-terminal nucleophilic amino acids, triglycine, glycine, and lysine, or N-terminal non-amino acid nucleophiles ethylenediamine and cadaverine, were synthesized. These compounds were tested for their relative abilities to function as nucleophiles in SrtA-mediated bioconjugation reactions. N-Terminal triglycine, glycine and ethylenediamine were all efficient in labelling a range of LPETGG containing recombinant antibody and scaffold proteins and peptides, while reduced activity was observed for the other nucleophiles across the range of proteins and peptides studied. Expansion of the range of available nucleophiles which can be utilised in SrtA-mediated bioconjugation expands the range of potential applications for this technology. As a demonstration of the utility of this system, SrtA coupling was used to conjugate the triglycine rhodamine-labelled nucleophile to the C-terminus of an Im7 scaffold protein displaying Aβ, a neurologically important peptide implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Purified, labelled protein showed Aβ-specific targeting to mammalian neuronal cells. Demonstration of targeting neuronal cells with a chimeric protein illustrates the power of this system, and suggests that SrtA-mediated direct cell-surface labelling and visualisation is an achievable goal.