gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human immunodeficiency virus DNA amplification and serology in blood donors (1990)

The significance of indeterminate screening antibody test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology is still difficult to evaluate, especially in low-risk populations. One hundred twenty-seven blood donors with an initially reactive screening test for HIV antibodies were enrolled in this study. The sera of 95 of these blood donors were reactive on repetition of the test, and none had detectable circulating p24 antigen. Western blot (WB) analysis of the repeatedly reactive sera was as follows: 9 positive, 31 indeterminate, and 55 negative. One of the blood donors with indeterminate WB later presented a seroconversion. On subsequent control 3 to 12 months later, the sera from donors with indeterminate or negative WB did not present any parameters that may indicate a seroconversion. DNA was purified from citrated blood collected from the 127 blood donors at the time of the initial antibody screening. Five micrograms of each DNA sample corresponding to 7 x 10(5) nucleated white blood cells was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of oligonucleotides (primers) corresponding to a highly conserved segment of the pol gene. The detection of amplified DNA was achieved by dot blot and Southern blot using appropriate 32P-labeled oligonucleotides. Ten DNA samples were positive, 9 corresponded to blood donors with a positive HIV serology, and 1 to the blood donor who later presented a seroconversion. These results confirm the sensitivity of the PCR for the diagnosis of HIV infection; they also suggest that repetition of the serology at 3- to 12-month intervals is a valuable procedure for the control of HIV infection status in blood donors.
The PERK Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α Kinase Is Required for the Development of the Skeletal System, Postnatal Growth, and the Function and Viability of the Pancreas (2002)

Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF-2 alpha) is typically associated with stress responses and causes a reduction in protein synthesis. However, we found high phosphorylated eIF-2 alpha (eIF-2 alpha[P]) levels in nonstressed pancreata of mice. Administration of glucose stimulated a rapid dephosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha. Among the four eIF-2 alpha kinases present in mammals, PERK is most highly expressed in the pancreas, suggesting that it may be responsible for the high eIF-2 alpha[P] levels found therein. We describe a Perk knockout mutation in mice. Pancreata of Perk(-/-) mice are morphologically and functionally normal at birth, but the islets of Langerhans progressively degenerate, resulting in loss of insulin-secreting beta cells and development of diabetes mellitus, followed later by loss of glucagon-secreting alpha cells. The exocrine pancreas exhibits a reduction in the synthesis of several major digestive enzymes and succumbs to massive apoptosis after the fourth postnatal week. Perk(-/-) mice also exhibit skeletal dysplasias at birth and postnatal growth retardation. Skeletal defects include deficient mineralization, osteoporosis, and abnormal compact bone development. The skeletal and pancreatic defects are associated with defects in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the major secretory cells that comprise the skeletal system and pancreas. The skeletal, pancreatic, and growth defects are similar to those seen in human Wolcott-Rallison syndrome.
Olfactory adenylyl cyclase (1989)

Rat olfactory adenylyl cyclase has been identified by means of a monoclonal antibody BBC-2, which reacts with both Ca2+/calmodulin-sensitive and -insensitive forms of adenylyl cyclase (Mollner, S., and Pfeuffer, T. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. 171, 265-271). The antibody recognized a 180-kDa polypeptide in olfactory cilia but not in decilitated olfactory epithelial membranes. A protein of the same mobility was observed when olfactory adenylyl cyclase was purified by forskolin-agarose affinity chromatography followed by radioiodination. Its identity was further established by cross-linking to [32P]ADP-ribosylated Gs alpha (GTP-binding protein), to yield a single radiolabeled product of Mr approximately 220. Olfactory adenylyl cyclase has a approximately 3-fold higher turnover number, as assessed from stoichiometric binding of [35S]guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate. Therefore, the considerably higher specific adenylyl cyclase activity in olfactory cilia must be due to a approximately 100-fold higher molar concentration of enzyme in this tissue.
Yttrium addition effect on isothermal and cyclic high temperature oxidation behaviour of 304 stainless steel (2004)

The aim of the present study is to investigate the beneficial influence of an yttrium sol–gel coating on a chromia forming alloy (304 stainless steel), in air, at 1000°C. Thermal cyclic experiments were carried out in order to study the influence of the addition of yttriumon the scale adherence. The yttrium sol–gel coating plays a significant role in enhancing oxidation resistance during isothermal oxidation tests, decreasing specimen weight gain and suppressing the initial transient oxidation stage. Yttrium addition appears to promote silicon segregationat the metal/oxide interface. It is then observed that iron containing oxides are not formed. Under thermal cycling conditions, the addition of yttrium also remarkably improves oxide scale adherence.
Probing the Role of Backbone Hydrogen Bonding in β-Amyloid Fibrils with Inhibitor Peptides Containing Ester Bonds at Alternate Positions (2002)

Protein-protein interactions are frequently mediated by stable, intermolecular beta-sheets. A number of cytokines and the HIV Protease, for example, dimerize through beta-sheet motifs. Evidence also suggests that the macromolecular assemblies of peptides and proteins in amyloid fibrils are stabilized by intermolecular beta-sheets. In this paper, we report that interfering with the backbone hydrogen bonding of an amyloidgenic peptide (Abeta16-20) by replacing amide bonds with ester bonds prevents the aggregation of the peptide. The ester bonds were incorporated in an alternating fashion so that the peptide presents two unique hydrogen bonding faces when arrayed in an extended, beta-strand conformation; one face of the peptide has normal hydrogen bonding capabilities, but the other face is missing amide protons and its ability to hydrogen bond is severely limited. Analytical ultracentrifugation experiments demonstrate that this ester peptide, Abeta16-20e, is predominantly monomeric under solution conditions, unlike the fibril-forming Abeta16-20 peptide. Abeta16-20e also inhibits the aggregation of the Abeta1-40 peptide and disassembles preformed Abeta1-40 fibrils. These results suggest that backbone hydrogen bonding is critical for the assembly of amyloid fibrils.
Mitigating regulatory risk for distribution privatization : The World Bank partial risk guarantee (2002)

This paper outlines how a World Bank Partial Risk Guarantee (PRG) may be used to promote private sector investment in electricity distribution utilities. The paper explains how a PRG could backstop a government commitment to a pre-defined regulatory framework and a process of dispute resolution, thereby helping to mitigate regulatory risk. As a risk mitigation instrument, the World Bank PRG can also be applied to the privatization of generation, transmission, or integrated power sector businesses, as well as to other infrastructure privatizations. However, this paper focuses on identifying issues and proposing strategies to cover regulatory risk in distribution privatizations, because recent experience in power sector reform in developing countries has shown that distribution privatization can present new risk allocation and risk mitigation challenges for both investors and governments. Although between 1990 and 1998 more than 70 distribution businesses were privatized in developing and transition countries, the post-privatization experience of investors in these businesses has been mixed. Furthermore, in recent years private investors have shown reduced, and in many cases no, interest in power distribution utilities in developing countries. In some instances of distribution privatizations, not a single bid was received.
Direct Repair to Stress Fractures in the Lumbar Spine (1970)

Spondylolysisthe prelude to spondylolisthesis -is currently thought
Comparison of Properties between Human Recombinant and Placental Copper-Zinc SOD (1988)

The physicochemical properties of purified recombinant human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (r-hSOD) were compared with those of human placental copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (h-SOD). No differences were found in specific activity, metal contents, amino acid composition, and tryptic peptide map. The spectrophotometric properties including UV, ESR, and CD spectra were also similar. The result of isoelectric gel electrophoresis showed that the difference in isoelectric point (pI) was derived from acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid (alanine) in h-SOD. In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, both SODs showed the same behavior and enzymic activity was retained only under non-reducing conditions. ESR analysis of the denatured enzyme suggested that the high stability was derived from the structure of the active site around copper. Experiments using other metal-substituted SODs (Cu, Co in place of zinc) suggested that zinc contributed to the stability and the unique electrophoretic behavior of the enzyme.
Optical characterization of TiN thin films (2002)

In this work we demonstrate the combined use of spectroscopic ellipsometry (performed from 420-720 nm at 65/spl deg/ angle of incidence) and spectroscopic reflectometry (performed from 200-800 nm at normal incidence) for the characterization of thin TiN films deposited on thick oxide films on silicon. By simultaneously analyzing both reflectance and ellipsometric spectra acquired from the same physical location on the sample surface we are able to precisely determine both the TiN and oxide film thicknesses, as well as the optical constants of the TiN film. The key to this analysis is the use of the Lorentz oscillator dispersion model to parameterize the optical constants of the TiN thin film such that these optical constants can be varied in the analysis by varying a relatively small number of parameters in the Lorentz oscillator dispersion model.
Visualizing execution traces with task dependencies (2015)

Task-based scheduling has emerged as one method to reduce the complexity of parallel computing. When using task-based schedulers, developers must frame their computation as a series of tasks with various data dependencies. The scheduler can take these tasks, along with their input and output dependencies, and schedule the task in parallel across a node or cluster. While these schedulers simplify the process of parallel software development, they can obfuscate the performance characteristics of the execution of an algorithm.
Test access mechanism for multiple identical cores (2009)

A new test access mechanism (TAM) for multiple identical embedded cores is proposed. It exploits the identical nature of the cores and modular pipelined circuitry to provide scalable and flexible capabilities to make tradeoffs between test time and diagnosis over the manufacturing maturity cycle from low-yield initial production to high-yield, high-volume production. The test throughput gains of various configurations of this TAM are analyzed. Forward and reverse protocol translations for core patterns applied with this TAM are described.
Relationship Between Pain and Opioid Analgesics on the Development of Delirium Following Hip Fracture (2003)

Using admission data, clinicians can identify patients at high risk for delirium following hip fracture. Avoiding opioids or using very low doses of opioids increased the risk of delirium. Cognitively intact patients with undertreated pain were nine times more likely to develop delirium than patients whose pain was adequately treated. Undertreated pain and inadequate analgesia appear to be risk factors for delirium in frail older adults.
Prevention of Vertical Transfer of Neospora caninum in BALB/c Mice by Vaccination (1999)

Neosporosis is an important cause of abortion and neonatal morbidity in dairy cattle. The disease is caused by Neospora caninum, an intracellular protozoan parasite. In this report, we describe the use of a mouse model in the preliminary evaluation of vaccination as a means to prevent vertical transfer of N. caninum. Parasites present in the tissues of the offspring were detected using an N. caninum-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. Immunization of dams with a single inoculation of a crude lysate of N. caninum tachyzoites appeared to induce complete protection against infection of the offspring.
The effects of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor on glioma‐derived cell lines: Cellular proliferation, cytotoxicity, morphological and radioreceptor studies (1988)

To determine whether tumor necrosis factor is of potential value for the treatment of human malignant gliomas, we studied the effects of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF-alpha) on the morphology, incorporation of tritiated thymidine, and proliferation of 5 established cell lines derived from human malignant gliomas and 3 normal human brain cell cultures. A radioreceptor analysis for rTNF-alpha was performed on all cell lines and cultures. Two of the 5 human glioma cell lines (SF-188 and U 343 MG-A) demonstrated a marked decrease (60% or less of untreated controls) in the uptake of tritiated thymidine when treated with rTNF-alpha at a concentration of 40 U/ml; rTNF-alpha at 100 U/ml had antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on both cell lines. The growth and proliferation of cell lines SF-126 and U 251 MG were not affected by rTNF-alpha even at high concentrations (5,000 U/ml). The growth and proliferation of SF-539 were affected to an intermediate degree. A colony-forming efficiency assay corroborated the results of the proliferation studies: SF-126 was relatively resistant (surviving fraction of 0.9 at 500 U/ml) and SF-188 was relatively sensitive (surviving fraction of 0.08 at 500 U/ml) to the cytotoxic effects of rTNF-alpha. Time-sequence electron microscopy showed that rTNF-alpha at a concentration of 500 U/ml caused ultrastructural changes in SF-188, including increased intracytoplasmic vesiculation, swelling and degeneration of mitochondria, loss of cell:cell junctional complexes, and fragmentation of the plasma membrane. Studies with 125I-rTNF-alpha showed a variable degree of binding in all cell lines and cultures. SF-188, a highly sensitive cell line, demonstrated the strongest binding of 125I-rTNF-alpha (3,400 receptors/cell with high affinity; kd = 0.27 nM), while SF-126, a highly resistant cell line, had the weakest binding (809 receptors/cell; kd = 0.25 nM). We conclude that there is a spectrum of antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity among glioma-derived tumor cell lines exposed to rTNF-alpha. An increased number of rTNF-alpha receptors appears to be a necessary but insufficient condition to explain the antiproliferative effects observed in some glioma-derived cell lines.
High Efficiency DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell System (2009)

Studying for environmental friendly and efficient energy source is now actively under way on because problems like environmental pollution and exhaust of natural resources are in issue. Fuel Cell which is an alternative energy source has low voltage and high current characteristic, therefore boost up voltage converter and DC-AC converter is required to use as a common power source. In this paper, DC-DC converter which has high efficient and high power density is proposed and verified by experimental result.
Recommendation and visualization of similar movies using minimum spanning dendrograms (2012)

Exploration of graph structures is an important topic in data mining and data visualization. This work presents a novel technique for visualizing neighbourhood and cluster relationships in graphs; we also show how this methodology can be used within the setting of a recommendation system. Our technique works by projecting the original object distances onto two dimensions while carefully retaining the ‘backbone’ of important distances. Cluster information is also overlayed on the same projected space. A significant advantage of our approach is that it can accommodate both metric and non-metric distance functions. Our methodology is applied to a visual recommender system for movies to allow easy exploration of the actor–movie bipartite graph. The work offers intuitive movie recommendations based on a selected pivot movie and allows the interactive discovery of related movies based on both textual and semantic features.
A linguistic and statistical approach for extracting knowledge from documents (2004)

We present and evaluate an innovating method of automatic indexing. It combines a linguistic analysis of the document to be indexed and a statistical analysis by the singular values decomposition of words in the document. The weighting of words combines advantages of their local and global context as well as their position compared to others terms - the co-occurrence. An application was developed in order to propose assignments topics of documents to a hierarchical referential. Finally, we present experimental results and evaluation carried out on documents of Suez-Environment.
Organoborane coupling reactions (Suzuki coupling) (2004)

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between different types of organoboron compounds with sp2-, sp3-, and sp-hybridized carbon-boron compounds and various organic electrophiles in the presence of base provides a powerful and useful synthetic methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. The coupling reaction offers several advantages: (1) Availability of reactants (2) Mild reaction conditions (3) Water stability (4) Easy use of the reaction both in aqueous and heterogeneous conditions (5) Tolerance of a broad range of functional groups (6) High regio- and stereoselectivity (7) Insignificant effect toward steric hindrance (8) Use of very small amounts of catalysts (9) Utilization as one-pot synthesis (10) Non-toxic reaction (Communicated by Teruaki MUKAIYAMA, M.J.A.)
Alkylation of Butyl Alcohols by Dialkyl Sulfates Using Phase Transfzr Catalysis (1982)

Four kinds of butyl alcohols were alkylated by dialkyl sulfates at 4045°C to prepare alkyl butyl ethers using phase transfer catalysts. Experiments were carried aut for pursuing the optimum reaction conditions in the presence of tetrabutylammonium salt, which proved to be most effective among the catalysts tested. It has been found that alkyl n-butyl and isobutyl ethers can be obtained in good yields over 93%, but alkyl s-butyl ethers in about 50% and alkyl t-butyl ethers only in less than 20%.
INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF RANIBIZUMAB, SORAFENIB, AND PAZOPANIB ON LIGHT-INDUCED OVEREXPRESSION OF PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A AND THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A RECEPTORS 1 AND 2 AND NEUROPILIN 1 AND 2 (2012)

Our in vitro results suggest that multikinase inhibitors have promising properties as a potential antiangiogenic treatment for age-related macular degeneration.
판결하기 어려운 사안의 해결: 드워킨의 『법과 권리』를 중심으로 (2017)

사회적 이슈가 된 사건들 및 법적으로 중요한 사건들은 대법원 전원합의체에서 판결을 내리는 경우가 많다. 전원합의체 판결은 대법관들 사이에서도 의견이 일치하지 않는 경우로서 판결하기 어려운 사안에 해당한다. 판결하기 어려운 사안에 관한 판결들이 법적ㆍ사회적으로 중대한 영향을 미치는만큼 판결하기 어려운 사안들을 어떻게 판결해야 하는가는 중요한 문제이다.
본 논문에서는 판결하기 어려운 사안에 대한 드워킨의 이론을 살펴본 후, 그의 이론을 우리나라 판례에 적용해보고, 그의 이론의 문제점을 검토해 볼 것이다. 드워킨은 『법과 권리』에서 이러한 판결하기 어려운 사안들을 어떻게 해결할 것인가에 대한 자신의 이론을 제시한다. 그의 이론의 핵심 개념은 권리테제와 정답테제이다. 그는 원칙논변과 정책논변을 구분한다. 정책논변은 어떤 정치적 결정이 공동체의 집단적 목표를 증진시키거나 보호한다는 것을 보여줌으로써 정당화하는 논변이고, 원칙논변은 그 결정이 어떤 개인 또는 집단의 권리를 존중하고 보장한다는 것을 보여줌으로써 정당화하는 논변이다. 드워킨은 판결하기 어려운 사안들은 정책논변이 아니라 원칙논변에 의해 판결되고 있으며 판결되어야 한다고 주장하며 이처럼 그의 이론이 공동체의 이익보다는 권리를 중요시한다는 점에서 권리테제라고 불린다. 또한 드워킨은 판결하기 어려운 사안에도 정답이 있다고 주장한다.
판결하기 어려운 사안에 대한 드워킨의 이론을 살펴본 후 자기책임의 원칙, 사적자치의 원칙, 적합성의 원칙, 신뢰보호의 원칙, 사유재산권 존중의 원칙 등의 원칙논변이 사용된 전원합의체 판결들을 살펴봄으로써 우리나라 판례에 그의 이론을 적용해볼 것이다.
드워킨의 이론은 권리의 중요성을 강조했다는 점에서 의의를 갖지만 사법재량, 법해석 방법과의 관계, 원칙의 경합과 정답테제, 원칙과 정책의 구분에 있어서 문제점을 갖는다고 할 수 있다. 하트의 사법재량론에 대한 그의 비판에는 몇 가지 문제점들이 제기될 수 있으며, 통합성을 강조하는 그의 구성적 해석은 역사적 해석과 목적론적 해석과 관련하여 문제점이 있을 수 있다. 또한 그는 판결하기 어려운 사안에서 원칙들이 경합할 경우 구성적 해석을 통해 정답을 찾을 수 있다고 주장하지만 정치적 도덕성에 관한 여러 견해가 경합한다는 점을 고려할 때 구성적 해석을 통하더라도 정답을 찾지 못하거나 정답이 없을 수 있다. 마지막으로 원칙과 정책의 구분은 그의 권리테제에서 핵심적인 역할을 하지만 원칙과 정책은 본질적으로 구분되지는 않는다.
Intra-Speaker Topic Modeling for Improved Multi-Party Meeting Summarization with Integrated Random Walk (2018)

This paper proposes an improved approach of summarization for spoken multi-party interaction, in which integrated random walk is performed on a graph constructed with topical/lexical relations. Each utterance is represented as a node of the graph and the edge between two nodes is weighted by the similarity between the two utterances, where we use two types of edges, one from topical similarity evaluated by probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) and another from word overlap. We model intra-speaker topics by partially sharing the topics from the same speaker in the graph. We did experiments for ASR and manual transcripts. For ASR transcripts, experiments showed intra-speaker topic sharing and integrating topical/lexical relations can help include the important utterances.
Expression of Anthocyanins in Callus Cultures of Cranberry ( <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> Ait) (1995)

ABSTRACT Expression of anthocyanins and other flavonoids in callus cultures established from different parts of cranberry plant was investigated and the effect of explant source on the in vitro product was determined. Callus cultures were initiated from different parts of the plant in a modified Gamborg's medium with 5.37 μM α‐naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.45 μM 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2.32 μM kinetin in the dark at 25°C. Callus cultures accumulated anthocyanins only on exposure to light and maximum concentration was observed by day 12. The cultures had lower levels of anthocyanins and only cyanidin 3‐galactoside, cyanidin 3‐glucoside, and cyanidin 3‐arabinoside were identified in all cultures regardless of source of explant. Proanthocyanidin accumulation in cultures was independent of light, and levels were higher than in mature fruit. Exposure to light induced accumulation of flavonols and enhanced activity of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase in the cultures.
Radical mechanisms in reactions of Grignard reagents (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadical mechanisms in reactions of Grignard reagentsRobert G. Gough and Joseph A. DixonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 5, 2148–2149Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01269a111https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01269a111research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts