gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of Herboxidiene/GEX 1A (2007)

A convergent enantioselective synthesis of herboxidiene/GEX 1A (1) is described that features a double stereodifferentiating crotylation, [4 + 2] annulation, and a silicon-based sp2-sp2 cross-coupling to assemble the conjugated diene.
Bait and switch strategy for obtaining catalytic antibodies with acyl-transfer capabilities (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBait and switch strategy for obtaining catalytic antibodies with acyl-transfer capabilitiesKim D. Janda, Michael I. Weinhouse, Diane M. Schloeder, Richard A. Lerner, and Stephen J. BenkovicCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3, 1274–1275Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00159a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00159a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scalable and Effective Enrichment of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by a Dual Selective Naphthalene-Based Azo Dispersant (2013)

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) have emerged as a promising class of electronic materials, but the metallic (m)-SWNTs present in all as-synthesized nanotube samples must be removed for many applications. A high selectivity and high yield separation method has remained elusive. A separation process based on selective chemistry appears to be an attractive route since it is usually relatively simple, but more effective chemicals are needed. Here we demonstrate the first example of a new class of dual selective compounds based on polycyclic aromatic azo compounds, specifically Direct Blue 71 (I), for high-purity separation of s-SWNTs at high yield. Highly enriched (~93% purity) s-SWNTs are produced through the simple process of standing arc-discharge SWNTs with I followed by centrifugation. The s-SWNTs total yield is up to 41%, the highest yet reported for a solution-based separation technique that demonstrates applicability in actual transistors. 91% of transistor devices fabricated with these s-SWNTs exhibited on/off ratios of 10(3) to 10(5) with the best devices showing mobility as high as 21.8 cm(2)/V s with on/off ratio of 10(4). Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic shifts and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) show that I preferentially complexes with s-SWNTs and preferentially suspends them. Preferential reaction of naphthyl radicals (generated from I with ultrasonication) with m-SWNTs is confirmed by changes in the D-band in the Raman spectroscopy, matrix-assisted desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and molecular simulation results. The high selectivity of I stems from its unique dual action as both a selective dispersion agent and the generator of radicals which preferentially attack unwanted metallic species.
Successful Development of 1.2 kV 4H-SiC MOSFETs with the Very Low On-Resistance of 5 mΩcm2 (2006)

4H-SiC MOSFETs comprised of a miniaturized unit cell structure were fabricated. The epilayer channel configuration was employed to effectively improve the MOSFET electrical characteristics. A specific on-resistance of 5 mOmegacm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a stable avalanche breakdown of 1.35 kV was successfully recorded. Temperature dependence of the R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on,sp</sub> examined and the R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on,sp</sub> exhibited still low value of 8.5 mOmegacm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 150 degC . The SiC-MOSFETs were put together with SiC-SBDs to realize prototype SiC power modules. A switching energy loss was significantly reduced by employing the SiC module in comparison with a Si-IGBT/Si-FWD module. A three-phase inverter circuit consisted of the SiC module was assembled and stably drove a 3.7 kW/400 V induction motor
Controlling electrospun nanofiber morphology and mechanical properties using humidity (2011)

Abstract Electrospinning is a fiber spinning technique used to produce nanoscale polymeric fibers with superior interconnectivity and specific surface area. The fiber diameter, surface morphology, and mechanical strength are important properties of electrospun fibers that can be tuned for diverse applications. In this study, the authors investigate how the humidity during electrospinning influences these specific properties of the fiber mat. Using two previously uninvestigated polymers, poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) and polysulfone (PSU) dissolved in N , N ‐Dimethylformamide (DMF), experimental results show that increasing humidity during spinning causes an increase in fiber diameter and a decrease in mechanical strength. Moreover, surface features such as roughness or pores become evident when electrospinning in an atmosphere with high relative humidity (RH). However, PAN and PSU fibers are affected differently. PAN has a narrower distribution of fiber diameter regardless of the RH, whereas PSU has a wider and more bimodal distribution under high RH. In addition, PSU fibers spun at high humidity exhibit surface pores and higher specific surface area whereas PAN fibers exhibit an increased surface roughness but no visible pores. These fiber morphologies are caused by a complex interaction between the nonsolvent (water), the hygroscopic solvent (DMF), and the polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Mammalian Frataxin Controls Sulfur Production and Iron Entry during de Novo Fe<sub>4</sub>S<sub>4</sub> Cluster Assembly (2012)

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-containing proteins are essential components of cells. In eukaryotes, Fe-S clusters are synthesized by the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) machinery and the cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly (CIA) system. In the mammalian ISC machinery, preassembly of the Fe-S cluster on the scaffold protein (ISCU) involves a cysteine desulfurase complex (NFS1/ISD11) and frataxin (FXN), the protein deficient in Friedreich's ataxia. Here, by comparing the biochemical and spectroscopic properties of quaternary (ISCU/NFS1/ISD11/FXN) and ternary (ISCU/NFS1/ISD11) complexes, we show that FXN stabilizes the quaternary complex and controls iron entry to the complex through activation of cysteine desulfurization. Furthermore, we show for the first time that in the presence of iron and L-cysteine, an [Fe(4)S(4)] cluster is formed within the quaternary complex that can be transferred to mammalian aconitase (mACO2) to generate an active enzyme. In the absence of FXN, although the ternary complex can assemble an Fe-S cluster, the cluster is inefficiently transferred to ACO2. Taken together, these data help to unravel further the Fe-S cluster assembly process and the molecular basis of Friedreich's ataxia.
Integrated multilayer RF passives in silicon technology (2002)

The integration of RF systems on silicon requires that, besides the high-frequency active devices, high-quality passive components be provided by the fabrication process. This requirement stresses particularly the availability of low-resistive multilayer interconnects for the integration of inductors, transformers, and MIM-capacitors. This paper shows how such components can be engineered either based on commercially available processes or by introducing new structures and materials to silicon technology.
Regulation of Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Kinase IV by O-GlcNAc Modification (2009)

Similar to phosphorylation, GlcNAcylation (the addition of O-GlcNAc to Ser(Thr) residues on polypeptides) is an abundant, dynamic, and inducible post-translational modification. GlcNAcylated proteins are crucial in regulating virtually all cellular processes, including signaling, cell cycle, and transcription. Here we show that calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV) is highly GlcNAcylated in vivo. In addition, we show that upon activation of HEK293 cells, hemagglutinin-tagged CaMKIV GlcNAcylation rapidly decreases, in a manner directly opposing its phosphorylation at Thr-200. Correspondingly, there is an increase in CaMKIV interaction with O-GlcNAcase during CaMKIV activation. Furthermore, we identify at least five sites of GlcNAcylation on CaMKIV. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we determine that the GlcNAcylation sites located in the active site of CaMKIV can modulate its phosphorylation at Thr-200 and its activity toward cAMP-response element-binding transcription factor. Our results strongly indicate that the O-GlcNAc modification participates in the regulation of CaMKIV activation and function, possibly coordinating nutritional signals with the immune and nervous systems. This is the first example of an O-GlcNAc/phosphate cycle involving O-GlcNAc transferase/kinase cross-talk.
Liberation of Cellulose from the Lignin Cage: A Catalytic Pretreatment Method for the Production of Cellulosic Ethanol (2010)

Catalytic pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials with a copper(II) phenanthroline catalyst is an efficient and selective method for the isolation of cellulose. The method loosens the wood matrix and liberates cellulose with high yields. The use of a catalyst, water as solvent, and oxygen as oxidant make this process a promising and sustainable method to obtain biofuels. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An automatic voltage control circuit (1974)

A simple automatic voltage control circuit is described which uses a photon coupler in the feedback loop to regulate the voltage drop across a varying load.
Physicochemical Characterization of Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase from Escherichia coli (1973)

Abstract Ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli consists of two nonidentical subunits, proteins B1 and B2. Affinity chromatography resulted in a B1 preparation which appeared homogeneous during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The molecular weight was 160,000 by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation using a partial specific volume of 0.706 ml per g at 4°. Protein B1 was composed of two polypeptide chains of similar or identical size, both having isoleucine as the COOH-terminal residue. In contrast, the NH2-terminal residues were different: glutamic acid and aspartic acid. This difference in amino acid composition was shown to reach further into the polypeptide chains. From these data the subunit structure of protein B1 seems to be of the type αα'. The αα' complex starts to dissociate in the absence of magnesium ions, and dissociation also occurred on oxidation of protein B1 in air. The latter dissociation was followed by an inactivation of the protein and was a result of oxidation of cysteine residues to cystines. Both dissociation and inactivation were reversed to a great extent by incubation in dithiothreitol. A homogeneous preparation of protein B2 had a molecular weight of 78,000 using a partial specific volume of 0.683 ml per g at 4°. This protein also was composed of two polypeptide chains of similar or identical size, but in this case both chains had the same NH2-terminal residue (alanine) and COOH-terminal residues (leucine). Analysis of tryptic peptides further supported the identity of the two chains. The subunit structure of protein B2 can therefore be designated β2. In the presence of the stimulatory effector dTTP proteins B1 and B2 formed a complex with a s20,w of 10.1 S and a molecular weight of 245,000. This indicates that the active form of ribonucleotide reductase consists of a 1:1 complex between proteins B1 and B2 of the type αα'β2. In the presence of the inhibitory effector dATP, proteins B1 and B2 form heavier complexes, the type of which are strongly influenced by the presence of sucrose.
Factors Determining the Selection of Organic Reactions by Medicinal Chemists and the Use of These Reactions in Arrays (Small Focused Libraries) (2010)

Synthetic organic reactions are a fundamental enabler of small-molecule drug discovery, and the vast majority of medicinal chemists are initially trained--either at universities or within industry--as synthetic organic chemists. The sheer breadth of synthetic methodology available to the medicinal chemist represents an almost endless source of innovation. But what reactions do medicinal chemists use in drug discovery? And what criteria do they use in selecting synthetic methodology? Why are arrays (small focused libraries) so powerful in the lead-optimization process? In this Minireview, we suggest some answers to these questions and also describe how we have tried to expand the number of robust reactions available to the medicinal chemist.
Applying Harmonic Optical Microscopy for Spatial Alignment of Atrial Collagen Fibers (2010)

Harmonics optical microscopy can quantify the spatial mal-alignment of collagen fibers in AF. The entropy of spectral-energy distribution of collagen alignment is a potential tool for research in atrial remodeling.
Nanozymes: Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Based Transphosphorylation Catalysts (2004)

Particularly effective: The self-assembly of triazacyclonane-functionalized thiols on the surface of nanosize gold particles provides a facile entry to functional gold nanoparticles that, upon complexation with ZnII, turn into powerful catalysts for the cleavage of phosphate esters (see scheme). Because of their RNase-like behavior they are dubbed nanozymes.
Automatic video object segmentation via 3D structure tensor (2004)

3D structure tensor is an effective representation of the local motion information of video object (VO) and has been exploited for performing VO segmentation. However, existing 3D structure tensor-based VO segmentation approaches often yield inaccurate objects' boundaries, and high computation is needed for estimating dense motion field. To address these concerns, a new scheme is proposed in this paper by generating the spatial-constrained motion masks without computing dense motion field. For that, scale-adaptive spatio-temporal filtering steered by the condition number is developed to handle multiple motions contributed from different VOs. As rigid, and nonrigid VO motions need to be handled differently on mask generation, rigidity analysis is conducted based on standard deviation of correlation coefficients over a range of successive video frames in order to identify whether each video sequence frame contains rigid or nonrigid motion. Various masks, such as eigenmaps, coherency-measurement maps, and change-detection maps, are produced and fused for generating the final VO motion masks. With boundary refinement by graph-based spatial segmentation, experimental results present accurately segmented moving VOs using different kinds of test sequences.
Notes on the Systematic and Ecological Implications of the Miocene Flora of Sucker Creek, Oregon and Idaho (1940)

The Sucker Creek flora of Malheur County, Oregon and Owyhee County, Idaho has been known since the report (10) on Lindgren's collection of 1898. Knowlton studied the collection and listed seventeen species which he correlated with the Payette flora that he had previously described from Montour and the Boise Basin, Idaho. He did not make specific determinations of most of the plants and the flora remained relatively unknown for a number of years. Chaney in 1921 collected specimens from five Payette localities, three of which were in the Sucker Creek area. He reported seventeen species not previously known from the Payette, but did not list the specimens by locality, so it is not known how many species came from Sucker Creek. In his report (7) published the following year (1922) he discussed in a general way the ecology of the plant associations represented in the Payette deposits and suggested that the association was quite similar to certain modern forests of the west. He called attention to the dominance of the genus Quercus and pointed out that a large number of fossils closely resemble the California live oaks, notably Q. chrysole pis. The abundance of such oaks and the scarcity of Sequoia he considered to be indicative of a dry slope habitat. He believed that the climatic conditions and topography were not unlike those of northern California and southwestern Oregon today.
Central Line Bundle Implementation in US Intensive Care Units and Impact on Bloodstream Infections (2011)

In NHSN hospitals across the US, the CL Bundle is associated with lower infection rates only when compliance is high. Hospitals must target improving bundle implementation and compliance as opposed to simply instituting policies.
A 6-Item Scale for Overall, Emotional, and Social Loneliness (2006)

Loneliness is an indicator of social well-being and pertains to the feeling of missing an intimate relationship (emotional loneliness) or missing a wider social network (social loneliness). The 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale has proved to be a valid and reliable measurement instrument for overall, emotional, and social loneliness, although its length has sometimes rendered it difficult to use in large surveys. In this study, the authors empirically tested a shortened version of the scale on data from two surveys ( N = 9,448). Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the specification of two latent factors. Congruent validity and the relationship with determinants (partner status, health) proved to be optimal. The 6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale is a reliable and valid measurement instrument for overall, emotional, and social loneliness that is suitable for large surveys.
Realization of an all-pass network with a new simple circuit (1979)

This correspondence shows the realization of the first-order all-pass network with a new simple circuit. This circuit can be integrated and used at frequencies less than about 4 MHz.
A Gram-Scale HPLC-Free Synthesis of TNA Triphosphates Using an Iterative Phosphorylation Strategy (2017)

α-l-Threofuranosyl nucleoside 3'-triphosphates (tNTPs) bearing the four genetic bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) were synthesized on a gram scale using an iterative phosphorylation strategy that avoids the need for tedious HPLC purification. This new synthetic procedure greatly increases the scale on which tNTP substrates can be produced for polymerase-mediated TNA synthesis studies.
Effect of Core Materials on the Formation of Hollow Alumina Microspheres by Mechanofusion Process (2004)

Core/shell structures have been prepared via a mechanofusion system by employing several kinds of spherical polymers as a core material and Al 2 O 3 powder or a mixture of Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 powders as a shell material. The effect of the kind of core polymers on the quality of the resulting hollow alumina microspheres has been discussed on the basis of the thermal decomposition behavior of spherical polymers used as a core material. A large fraction of hollow alumina microspheres reflecting the shape and the particle size distribution of the core polymer could be fabricated after sintering at 1600°3C for 3 h, when highly cross‐linked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres with a gel fraction of 99.03% were used as a core polymer, and abrupt firing at temperatures higher than 500°3C was adopted to remove the PMMA microspheres. The addition of 5 mass% SiO 2 to the Al 2 O 3 shell layer was found to be useful for maintaining the spherical shell structure during the firing process and for fabricating a large fraction of hollow alumina microspheres after the sintering.
Boosting Face Retrieval by using Relevant Set Correlation Clustering (2007)

We present a method to improve the performance of face retrieval in news videos by using the relevant-set correlation (RSC) clustering model. In this method, faces of a person are firstly retrieved by finding in shots whose associated transcripts contain that person's name. Then, by using the RSC clustering, these faces are organized into clusters and only representative faces of these clusters are introduced to users. As a result, the retrieval performance is significantly increased since only a small number of faces belonging to the clusters relevant to the target person are returned instead of all initial retrieved faces. The contribution of new RSC clustering model for this problem is two-fold: First, it can automatically determine an appropriate number of clusters and discards a large number of irrelevant faces. Second, since the precision of clusters can be controlled easily by a threshold, high precision clusters can be obtained and treated as labeled sets so that they can be used for feature selection by using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method. Experiments on the TRECVID 2004 dataset showed that the retrieval performance of the proposed method outperforms other existing methods.
Activation of macrophage cytostatic effector mechanisms during acute graft-versus-host disease: release of intracellular iron and nitric oxide–mediated cytostasis (2000)

Abstract During acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) the activation of macrophages (Mφ) is mediated by 2 signals, interferon (IFN)-γ and bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A cascade of inflammatory responses that includes the release of mediators of tissue injury follows Mφ activation. Among the tissues characteristically targeted during acute GVHD are epithelial tissues of the skin and gastrointestinal tract that normally undergo continuous proliferation and are therefore sensitive to cytostatic processes. We have investigated whether Mφ can mediate cytostatic mechanisms capable of interrupting cell proliferation during acute GVHD. GVHD was induced in nonirradiated C57BL/6XAF1 (B6AF1) mice by the injection of 60 × 106 (acute GVHD) or 30 × 106 (nonlethal GVHD) C57BL/6 (B6) lymphoid cells. Mφ from animals undergoing acute GVHD could be triggered by normally insignificant quantities of LPS to mediate a cytostatic effect on target cells, resulting in the complete shutdown of cellular proliferation. The same amounts of LPS had no effect on Mφ from normal or syngeneically transplanted animals. Mφ mediated the release of significant quantities of intracellular iron from target cells undergoing cytostasis. Reversal of cytostasis occurred following inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA). Production of NO by LPS-triggered Mφ reflected the severity of GVHD. NO release increased significantly during acute GVHD but was only transiently increased during nonlethal GVHD. The results provide evidence that, as a result of activation during acute GVHD, Mφ produce NO and induce the release of iron from target cells, resulting in a potent cytostatic effect that inhibits cellular proliferation.