gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Virtual media (Vmedia) access protocol and its application in interactive image browsing</title> (2000)

In this work, we propose a virtual media (Vmedia) access protocol for interactive image browsing over the Internet. Vmedia is a multimedia communication protocol in a server- client environment. It enables the access and delivery of segments of media, and manages the delivered media segments with a local Vmedia cache. An interactive JPEG 2000 image browser is implemented with Vmedia. The image is compressed with JPEG 2000 into one single bitstream and put on the server. In the interactive browsing process, the user specifies a region of interest (ROI) with a certain spatial and resolution constraint. The Vmedia browser only downloads the media segments covering the current ROI, and the download is performed in a progressive fashion so that a coarse view of the ROI can be rendered very quickly and then gradually refined as more and more bits arrive. In the case of switch of ROI, e.g, zooming in/out or panning around, the Vmedia browser will use existing media segments in cache to quickly render a coarse view of the new ROI, and in the same time, request a new set of media segments corresponding to the updated ROI. Vmedia greatly improves the browsing experience of large images over slow networks.
THE BASICS OF RIGHTSIZING The Key to an Effective IS Department (1991)

Abstract An important part of the IS department's function is to provide timely, quality assistance to its users as well as its senior managers, who often need detailed information to make critical business decisions. In most organizations, however, the IS department is not positioned properly to perform this much-needed task. This article discusses three principles for rightsizing the IS department so it can properly manage its resources in support of the organization and its users.
Effect of sodium butyrate and zinc sulphate supplementation on recombinant human IFN-β production by mammalian cell culture (2006)

Recombinant human interferon-β1 (rhIFN-β1) glycoprotein is used as a therapeutic agent for a variety of diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and hepatitis. In the present work, different strategies were applied to produce rhIFN-β1a in mammalian cell cultures. Transfected population of CHO-K1, CHO dhfr - , BHK and HEK cells were compared for their ability to produce rhIFN-β1a, and clones of the most promising cell line (CHO-K1) were isolated by the limit dilution method. Likewise, different culture conditions were assayed by changing the amounts of fetal calf serum, sodium butyrate and/or ZnSO4, to improve cell productivity. The presence of each additive increased the rhIFN-β1a yield ranging from 2 to 8 times, depending on the tested cell clone, but when these components were simultaneously added to the medium, the rhIFN-β1a concentration in the supernatants was even greater.
A Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Study of the Protein–Ligand Interaction for Inhibitors of HIV‐1 Integrase (2007)

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase (HIV-1 IN) is an essential enzyme for effective viral replication. Diketo acids such as L-731,988 and S-1360 are potent and selective inhibitors of HIV-1 IN. In this study, we used molecular dynamics simulations, within the hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach, to determine the protein-ligand interaction energy between HIV-1 IN and L-731,988 and 10 of its derivatives and analogues. This hybrid methodology has the advantage that it includes quantum effects such as ligand polarisation upon binding, which can be very important when highly polarisable groups are embedded in anisotropic environments, as for example in metal-containing active sites. Furthermore, an energy decomposition analysis was performed to determine the contributions of individual residues to the enzyme-inhibitor interactions on averaged structures obtained from rather extensive conformational sampling. Analysis of the results reveals first that there is a correlation between protein-ligand interaction energy and experimental strand transfer into human chromosomes and secondly that the Asn-155, Lys-156 and Lys-159 residues and the Mg(2+) ion are crucial to anti-HIV IN activity. These results may explain the available experimental data.
Light-mediated control of translational initiation of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase in amaranth cotyledons. (1990)

In cotyledons of 6-day-old amaranth seedlings, the large subunit (LSU) and the small subunit (SSU) polypeptides of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase are not synthesized in the absence of light. When dark-grown seedlings were transferred into light, synthesis of both polypeptides was induced within the first 3 to 5 hr of illumination without any significant changes in levels of their mRNAs. In cotyledons of light-grown seedlings and of dark-grown seedlings transferred into light for 5 hr (where ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase synthesis was readily detected in vivo), the LSU and SSU mRNAs were associated with polysomes. In cotyledons of dark-grown seedlings, these two mRNAs were not found on polysomes. In contrast to the SSU message, mRNAs encoding the nonlight-regulated, nuclear-encoded proteins actin and ubiquitin were associated with polysomes regardless of the light conditions. Similarly, mRNA from at least one chloroplast-encoded gene (rpl2) was found on polysomes in the dark as well as in the light. These results indicate an absence of translational initiation in cotyledons of dark-grown seedlings which is specific to a subset of nuclear- and chloroplast-encoded genes including the SSU and LSU, respectively. Upon illumination, synthesis of both polypeptides, and possibly other proteins involved in light-mediated chloroplast development, was induced at the level of translational initiation.
Congressional debating (1941)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes Read at the Washington Convention of the National Association of Teachers of Speech, January 1, 1941.
A high-power CO2 waveguide laser (1979)

A CO2 waveguide laser from which 39.5 W (51 W/m) has been obtained is described. These values are greater than any previously reported. Data on the temperature dependence of the output power are presented and discussed. An analysis was performed from which the small-signal gain (0.22 cm−1) and saturation power (35 W) at conditions of maximum power output were obtained. It is shown that the assumption of distributed loss gives a better fit to the observed laser output than does that of concentrated loss at the mirrors.
ZnBr<sub>2</sub>‐Catalyzed Efficient Oxidative Homo Coupling of Aryl Magnesium Bromides (2006)

Abstract Oxidative homo coupling of various arylmagnesium bromides in the presence of ZnBr2 gave the corresponding symmetrical biaryls in moderate to good yields at room temperature. An efficient method under mild conditions without the use of reoxidant is described. IICT Communication No. 050507 Keywords: Aryl magnesium bromidebiarylshomo couplingzinc bromide Acknowledgments Authors thank J. S. Yadav, director, IICT, Hyderabad, and Shri S. Narayan Reddy, head, Fluoroorganic Division, IICT, for their constant encouragement. S. R. K. is grateful to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, for the grant of a senior research fellowship. Notes IICT Communication No. 050507
T Cell–Mediated Control of Epstein‐Barr Virus Infection in Humanized Mice (2009)

Humanized NOD/Shi-scid/interleukin-2Rgamma(null) (NOG) mice with full T cell development had significantly longer life span after Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, compared with those with minimal T cell development. Removing CD3(+) or CD8(+) T cells from EBV-infected humanized mice by administration of anti-CD3 or anti-CD8 antibodies reduced their life span. CD8(+) T cells obtained from EBV-infected mice suppressed the outgrowth of autologous B cells isolated from uninfected mice and inoculated with EBV in vitro. These results indicate that humanized NOG mice are capable of T cell-mediated control of EBV infection and imply their usefulness as a tool to evaluate immunotherapeutic and prophylactic strategies for EBV infection.
Frequent loss of imprinting of <i>IGF2</i> and <i>MEST</i> in lung adenocarcinoma (2001)

Abstract Genomic imprinting is a parental origin–specific chromosomal modification that causes differential expression of maternal and paternal alleles of a gene. Accumulating evidence suggests that deregulation of imprinted genes, including loss of imprinting (LOI), plays a role in oncogenesis. In the present study, we investigated allelic expression of six imprinted genes in human lung adenocarcinomas as well as in matched normal lung tissue. Informative cases showing heterozygosity for the gene of interest were selected from 35 patients. LOI of the insulin‐like growth factor 2 gene ( IGF2 ) and mesoderm‐specific transcript ( MEST , also known as paternally expressed gene 1) was noted in 47% (seven of 15) and 85% (11 of 13) of informative cases, respectively. Monoallelic expression was maintained in all the matched normal tissues examined. LOI of IGF2 was seen more frequently in moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. In contrast, H19 , small nuclear ribonucleoprotein–associated polypeptide N gene ( SNRPN ), necdin gene ( NDN ), and long QT intronic transcript 1 ( LIT1 ) exhibited consistent monoallelic expression in all the informative samples. These findings indicated that independent deregulation took place in imprinted genes and suggested that aberrant imprinting of IGF2 and MEST was involved in the development of lung adenocarcinoma. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Covalently Linked Ruthenium(II)−Manganese(II) Complexes: Distance Dependence of Quenching and Electron Transfer (2001)

Continuing our development of artificial models for photosystem II in green plants, a series of compounds have been prepared in which a Ru(bpy)32+ photosensitizer is covalently linked to a manganese(II) electron donor. In addition to a trispicolylamine ligand, two other manganese ligands, dipicolylamine and aminodiacetic acid, have been introduced in order to study ligands that are appropriate for the construction of manganese dimers with open coordination sites for the binding of water. Coordination equilibria of the manganese ions were monitored by EPR. The interactions between the ruthenium and manganese moieties were probed by flash photolysis, cyclic voltammetry and steady-state and time-resolved emission measurements. The quenching of the RuII excited state by MnII was found to be rapid in complexes with short Ru−Mn distances. Nevertheless, each RuII species could be photo-oxidized by bimolecular quenching with methylviologen, and the subsequent electron transfer from MnII to RuIII could be monitored.
Measurement of stain removal <i>in vitro</i>: a comparison of two instrumental methods (2006)

The image system is a reliable alternative measurement method validated here against spectrophotometry for stain removal in vitro, and can provide full colour measurement.
Cycloaracylierung von Enaminen, I. Synthese von 4‐Chinolon‐3‐carbonsäuren (1987)

Abstract Ausgehend von o ‐Halogenbenzoylchloriden 4 und offenkettigen sekundären Enaminen 5 wird eine neue Synthese von 4‐Chinolon‐3‐carbonsäuren 12 beschrieben. Durch Umsetzung von 7‐Halogenchinolon‐3‐carbonsäuren 12a–k mit aliphatischen Aminen 14 werden antibakteriell hochwirksame 7‐Aminochinolon‐3‐carbonsäuren 15 erhalten. Das Spitzenprodukt der 1‐Cyclopropylreihe, „Ciprofloxacin”︁ ( 15a ), wird als Breitband‐Chemotherapeutikum entwickelt.
Formulation Development and Primary Degradation Pathways for Recombinant Human Nerve Growth Factor (1997)

The chemical and physical stabilities of recombinant human nerve growth factor (NGF) in aqueous solution were investigated between 5 and 37 degrees C and at pH 4.2-5.8. NGF chemical stability decreased with a decrease in pH due to Asp60-Pro61 cleavage, with the stability being greater in acetate buffer than in succinate buffer at each pH investigated. Aggregation was a significant degradation pathway at 37 degrees C, with the aggregation rate being greatest in succinate buffer at pH 5.8. Quantitation of NGF degradation by cation-exchange chromatography was complicated by the rearrangement of the NGF monomer variants into various mixed dimers over time. Treatment with dilute acid brought the dimer distribution rapidly to equilibrium, allowing NGF degradation to be accurately quantitated. An acetate-buffered formulation at pH 5.5 was investigated in more detail. To assist in degradation product identification, NGF degradation was accelerated with base, hydrogen peroxide, and temperature. These degradation products were shown to coelute on RP-HPLC with the variants found when the protein was stored at -70, 5, and 25 degrees C. By electrospray mass spectrometry, peptide maps, and LC/MS, these degradation products were shown to be monooxidized (Met37) and dioxidized (Met37 and Met92) NGF, with Met37 being more labile, deamidated NGF (Asn45), and NGF with Asp93 isomerized to beta-Asp93. NGF can be stored in pH 5.5 acetate buffer at 5 degrees C for 1.5 years with less than 10% conversion to these degradation products, with Asp93 isomerization being the primary degradation pathway.
Applications of the Azimuthal Resistivity Imager Tool in Saudi Arabia (1994)

Abstract The Azimuthal Resistivity Imager (ARI*) is a new laterolog-type resistivity tool introduced in Saudi Arabia in 1993. Along with the conventional Deep and Shallow laterolog (LLd and LLs), the tool gives 12 directional high-resolution deep resistivity curves that may be used in the following reservoir description applications. 1. The vertical resolution of the deep azimuthal resistivity is found to be better than one foot as compared with three feet for the conventional deep laterolog. Natural applications are the determination of Rt in thin beds and fractured reservoir characterization. 2. In "low" resistivity, we have observed interesting situations: where we normally expect the Groningen effect, there is none; where we don't, the effect shows up strongly. In each case, the ARI resistivity is found to agree well with a companion induction log. 3. The ARI resistivity image adds a new dimension to log analysis: the geological picture. Besides Rt, the image may be used effectively to estimate formation dips, study lateral heterogeneities, pinpoint fault planes as well as describing the reservoir rock texture.
Separation of microgram quantities of As(V), As(III) and organoarsenic species in aqueous solutions and determination by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (1999)

A procedure was developed for the separation and independent determination of microgram quantities of As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) and phenylarsonic acid (PAS) in aqueous solution. The arsenic species were collected one by one from the same sample solution, by adsorbing them onto metal-loaded activated charcoal (MC*). PAS was separated by adsorption onto VC* and As(V) remaining in the filtrate was collected onto LaC*. The LaC* was filtered out and As(III) in the filtrate was separated by 1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioic acid, ammonium salt (APDC) coprecipitation, where Fe3+ acted as carrier and the precipitate was bound onto activated charcoal. Finally DMAA in the filtrate was collected onto ZrC*. Arsenic concentration in the metal-loaded activated charcoal was measured directly by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). The detection limits for all four arsenic species were better than 0.02 mg L–1. The amount of unadsorbed arsenic was determinated by vapour generation atomic absorption spectrometry (VGAAS) or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).
Wavelet based feature extraction and multiple classifiers for electricity fraud detection (2003)

Electricity consumer dishonesty is a serious problem faced by all utilities. Finding efficient measurements for detecting fraudulent energy usage has been an active research area. The most effective way is to use intelligent/smart electronic meters that make fraudulent activities more difficult and easily detectable. In this paper the authors propose a new automatic feature analysis method using wavelet techniques and combining multiple classifiers to identify fraud in electricity distribution networks. Based on the assumption that meter-reading data present abnormalities when fraud events occur, the feature extraction scheme is carried out in both time and wavelet domains and the combination of multiple classifiers is applied through a cross identification and a voting scheme. Simulation results prove the proposed method to be effective in electricity fraud identification. For a relatively small amount of data, the classification accuracy reaches 78% on the training dataset and 70% on the testing dataset.
Downlink beamforming performance for an SDMA terminal with joint detection (2002)

We discuss downlink beamforming methods in consideration of a terminal having a joint detector function for space division multiple access (SDMA) in both a multi-input single-output (MISO) channel and a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel. We investigate two methods; a general beamformer, which maximizes the desired signal's power at the receiver (a transmit MRC diversity) and a null steering concept, which avoids the interference signal reaching the receiver. The computer simulation results show that the null steering concept yields better performance compared to the beam steering, even considering the joint detection at the receiver.
<title>Wavelet-packet-based algorithm for identification of quasi-periodic signals</title> (2001)

We present a generic approach that identifies and differentiates among signals for wide range of problems. Originally our algorithm was developed to detect the presence of a specific vehicle belonging to a certain class via the analysis of the acoustic signals emitted while it is moving. A crucial factor in having a successful detection (no false alarm) is to construct signatures built from characteristic features that enable to discriminate between the class of interest and the residual information such as background. We construct the signatures of certain classes by the distribution of the energies among blocks which consist of wavelet packet coefficients. We developed an efficient procedure for adaptive selection of the characteristic blocks. We modified the CART algorithm in order to utilize it to be a decision unit in our scheme. However, this technology, which has many algorithmic variations, can be used to solve a wide range of classification and detection problems which are based on acoustic processing and, more generally, for classification and detection of signals which have near-periodic structure. We present results of successful application of the properly modified algorithm to detection of early symptoms of arterial hypertension in children via real-time analysis of pulse signals.
Ionically cross-linked alginate hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds (2002)

Generation of living tissues through tissue engineering can be achieved via incorporation of cells into synthetic scaffolds designed to facilitate new tissue formation. Necessary characteristics of a scaffold include biocompatibility, high porosity with controllable pore size and interconnectivity, moldability, chemical and mechanical stability, and structural homogeneity. Hydrogels often possess many of the necessary characteristics and thus are favorable candidates for scaffolding. Alginate hydrogels are commonly made by ionically crosslinking with calcium ions from CaCl<sub>2</sub> or CaSO<sub>4</sub>. These hydrogels are favored for their mild gel formation, however the gelation rate is rapid and uncontrollable (fast-gelation), resulting in varying crosslinking density throughout the gel. In this work, structurally homogeneous calcium alginate hydrogels were formed via a slow-gelation system that utilizes uniform mixing of CaCO<sub>3</sub> with sodium alginate solution, and the addition of slowly hydrolyzing D-gluconic acid lactone to slowly release calcium ions for crosslinking. Homogeneity and mechanical properties of these hydrogels were shown to be superior to those of fast-gelled hydrogels. Gelation rate was controlled through the incorporation of CaSO<sub>4</sub>, and by varying total calcium content, polymer concentration and gelation temperature. Control over mechanical properties and diffusivity was demonstrated in the homogeneous hydrogels by adjusting compositional variables. Consistent control over solute diffusivity through gel discs reflected the structural homogeneity of the gels. To overcome the instability of ionically crosslinked gels in tissue culture medium, a method was developed to control the hydrogel dimensions by adjusting the ionic concentration of the medium. Stability of the hydrogels in this controlled environment was characterized through swelling experiments and mechanical testing. To provide for scaffold degradation and thereby promote tissue growth, alginate lyase was incorporated into the system induce enzymatically controlled alginate degradation. This alginate hydrogel system is novel in that cells are directly and uniformly incorporated into a hydrogel with controlled gelation rate and material properties. The injectable alginate hydrogels can be molded into complex shapes or injected into the body to avoid invasive surgery. Further, the ability to tailor their gelation rate, material properties and degradation enable these alginate hydrogels to be used for a variety of biomedical applications including drug or biofactor delivery.
Influence of caster diameter on the static and dynamic forward stability of occupied wheelchairs. (1992)

The hypothesis that the static and dynamic forward stability of an occupied wheelchair would increase as a function of the caster diameter was tested in 20 able-bodied subjects. A device was attached to the wheelchair frame so that casters with different diameters could be used. With platform testing of static stability, the occupied wheelchair equipped with casters with diameters of 10.2, 20.3, 25.4, and 33.0cm, tipped at mean (+/- 1SD) angles of 23.8 degrees (+/- 1.3 degrees), 25.2 degrees (+/- 1.4 degrees), 26.1 degrees (+/- 1.4 degrees), and 28.2 degrees (+/- 1.9 degrees), respectively. The relationship between static stability (y, in degrees) and caster diameter (x, in cm) can be expressed by the equation y = 23.5-.0196 chi + .00484 x2 (p = .0001). Dynamic stability was tested by having subjects descend a 5 degree ramp, by gravity alone, from progressively farther up the ramp until a full forward tip occurred (footrests contacted the floor) when the wheelchair struck a 5-cm-high obstruction with sufficient speed. The mean tipping speeds for the dynamic tests were .85 (+/- .08), .85 (+/- .08), .89 (+/-.07), and 1.04 (+/- .14) m/sec for the wheelchair fitted with the caster diameters ranging from smallest to largest, respectively. The relationship between dynamic stability (y, tipping speed in m/sec) and caster diameter (chi, in cm) can be expressed by the equation y = .788 + .0139 chi-.00110 chi 2 + .0000276 chi 3 (p = .0001). The relationship between caster diameter and forward wheelchair stability should be considered in wheelchair design and prescription.