gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical Grey-Level Models for Object Location and Identification. (1995)

This paper presents a new method for modelling and locating objects in<br/>images for applications such as Printed Circuit Board (PCB) inspection.<br/>Objects of interest are assumed to exhibit little variation in size or shape<br/>from one example to the next, but may vary considerably in grey-level appearance.<br/>Simple correlation based approaches perform poorly on such<br/>examples. We demonstrate how a statistical model based approach combined<br/>with a multi-resolution search can accurately locate objects and reliably<br/>distinguish between good and bad components. We describe a 'bootstrap'<br/>approach to training and a method of automatically refining the final<br/>model to improve its performance. We demonstrate the method on PCB<br/>inspection, showing the approach is robust enough for use in a real production<br/>environment.<br/>
Glucosamine Modulates T Cell Differentiation through Down-regulating N-Linked Glycosylation of CD25 (2015)

Glucosamine has immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanism(s) through which glucosamine modulates different T cell subsets and diseases remain unclear. We demonstrate that glucosamine impedes Th1, Th2, and iTreg but promotes Th17 differentiation through down-regulating N-linked glycosylation of CD25 and subsequently inhibiting its downstream Stat5 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of glucosamine on T helper cell differentiation was similar to that induced by anti-IL-2 treatment, further supporting an IL-2 signaling-dependent modulation. Interestingly, excess glucose rescued this glucosamine-mediated regulation, suggesting a functional competition between glucose and glucosamine. High-dose glucosamine significantly decreased Glut1 N-glycosylation in Th1-polarized cells. This finding suggests that both down-regulated IL-2 signaling and Glut1-dependent glycolytic metabolism contribute to the inhibition of Th1 differentiation by glucosamine. Finally, glucosamine treatment inhibited Th1 cells in vivo, prolonged the survival of islet grafts in diabetic recipients, and exacerbated the severity of EAE. Taken together, our results indicate that glucosamine interferes with N-glycosylation of CD25, and thereby attenuates IL-2 downstream signaling. These effects suggest that glucosamine may be an important modulator of T cell differentiation and immune homeostasis.
Sacrificial layer microfluidic device fabrication methods (2006)

Over the past 15 years, research in the field of microfluidics has experienced rapid growth due to significant potential advantages such as low cost, short analysis times, and elimination of sources of contamination. Although etched and thermally bonded glass substrates have seen widespread use and offer solid performance, device fabrication still remains cumbersome. Recent advances in sacrificial layer microfabrication methods for microfluidics have overcome many disadvantages of conventional fabrication approaches. Phase-changing sacrificial layers have been implemented in making inexpensive and high-performance polymer microchips for electrophoretic analysis, protein focusing, and sample preconcentration. In addition, novel channel fabrication methods based on standard thin-film processes, which are readily integratable with microfabrication techniques used for electrical components, are being applied increasingly for the creation of microfluidic devices. These new sacrificial layer fabrication approaches will be instrumental in making low-cost and high-quality polymer microchips, and in interfacing electrical and fluidic systems on glass or semiconductor substrates.
A Novel Enhanced Inverted PWM Driving Scheme for Three-Phase BLDC Motor Drive (2018)

In this paper, a bootstrap circuit operation for three-phase BLDC motor drive is analyzed theoretically to demonstrate/explain how bootstrap capacitor is refreshed/charged or discharged. There are two popular and widely used driving schemes for three-phase BLDC motor drive, conventional six-step and inverted PWM. However, these driving schemes have limited controllable revolution speed range since refreshing/charging of bootstrap is highly dependent on the switching frequency and suspending period. Therefore, a novel enhanced inverted PWM driving scheme is proposed to free the revolution speed range limit for three-phase BLDC motor drive and is verified experimentally.
Seeing in the Dark: Defense Applications of IR imaging (2011)

Infrared imaging is used in many defense applications to enable high-resolution vision and identification in near and total darkness. Thanks to recent advances, optics companies and government labs are improving low-light-level vision, identification capability, power conservation and cost.
Investigating the Antimalarial Action of 1,2,4-Trioxolanes with Fluorescent Chemical Probes (2011)

The 1,2,4-trioxolanes are a new class of synthetic peroxidic antimalarials currently in human clinical trials. The well-known reactivity of the 1,2,4-trioxolane ring toward inorganic ferrous iron and ferrous iron heme is proposed to play a role in the antimalarial action of this class of compounds. We have designed structurally relevant fluorescent chemical probes to study the subcellular localization of 1,2,4-trioxolanes in cultured Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Microscopy experiments revealed that a probe fluorescently labeled on the adamantane ring accumulated specifically in digestive vacuole-associated neutral lipid bodies within the parasite while an isosteric, but nonperoxidic, congener did not. Probes fluorescently labeled on the cyclohexane ring showed no distinct localization pattern. In their subcellular localization and peroxidative effects, 1,2,4-trioxolane probes behave much like artemisinin-based probes studied previously. Our results are consistent with a role for adamantane-derived carbon-centered radicals in the antimalarial action of 1,2,4-trioxolanes, as hypothesized previously on the basis of chemical reactivity studies.
Internal Quantum Efficiency Measurement in InGaN/GaN UV LEDs with Patterned Sapphire Substrate by Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence Method (2010)

Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of InGaN-based ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LED) grown on patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) and flat sapphire were measured by photoluminescence and electroluminescence methods. The IQE improvement of PSS LED is significant.
Fighting tuberculosis: An old disease with new challenges (2004)

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide into 21st century. The mortality and spread of this disease has further been aggravated because of synergy of this disease with HIV. A number of anti-TB drugs are ineffective against this disease because of development of resistance strains. Internationally efforts are being made to develop new anti-tubercular agents. A number of drug targets from cell wall biosynthesis, nucleic acid biosynthesis, and many other biosynthetic pathways are being unraveled throughout the world and are being utilized for drug development. In this review, socioeconomic problems in developing countries, efforts to control this disease in different individuals, the targets (known already and newly discovered), existing anti-tubercular agents including natural products and lead molecules, and the future prospects to develop new anti-TB agents are described.
Effect on immunoreactivity of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the GnRH-BSA conjugates of variable stoichiometry. (1991)

In order to render hypothalamic 'self' decapeptide GnRH immunogenic, the GnRH and its azotized derivative were covalently coupled to the carrier protein, BSA. The azotization at histidine and or tyrosine of GnRH was carried out and characterized extensively. Three different molar ratios of GnRH/azo-GnRH with BSA were prepared and characterized by physico-chemical techniques. The conjugates purified by gel-filtration chromatography on G-100 and on gel permeation column using HPLC were subjected to molar ratio determination by amino acid analysis. The immunoreactivity of GnRH/azo-GnRH towards monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was drastically hampered after conjugation. It is therefore suggested that in the GnRH-carrier conjugate, GnRH concentration should be determined carefully by using specific radioimmunoassay.
System Coding Parameters, Mechanics and Electromechanics of the Reflective Videodisc Player (1977)

The choice of a coding system for an optical videodisc system is determined by the recording process, the optical stylus, the associated servo systems, and the disc properties. The videodisc system described employs a master disc that is prepared by modulating a laser beam with video and audio information to expose a photosensitive surface on the disc; after processing, minute pits of varying length are produced in a spiral pattern on the disc — rather like the continuous pattern of an ordinary phonograph record but without grooves. Pressing copies from the master also follows the phonograph record analogy. The pit side of a disc is covered with a highly reflective metallic coating and an additional protective coating; the video and audio information is read by a focused laser beam from the other side of the disc, through the transparent material of the disc. The control mechanisms necessary for operation are discussed, and it is shown that a 30-min high-quality television program with two separate sound channels can be compressed to a 30-cm-diameter disc format while allowing adequate tolerances for all aspects of the signal processing.
Characterization of an <i>Arabidopsis</i> cDNA for a soluble epoxide hydrolase gene that is inducible by auxin and water stress (1994)

A cDNA (1122 bp) was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from Arabidopsis thaliana L. that had been subjected to drought stress for 1 h. The sequencing of a genomic clone corresponding to the cDNA and S1 mapping analysis revealed that the cDNA lacked the first 6 bp from its translational start (ATG). The resulting open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 321 amino acids, and the calculated molecular weight of this polypeptide is 36,423 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence shows a high degree of similarity to C terminal halves of those of soluble epoxide hydrolases (sEHs) of human, mouse and rat, 35.5%, 34.1% and 33.1%, respectively. The cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and the expressed protein migrates at 40 kDa when analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The recombinant protein at 40 kDa is much smaller than the mammalian sEH (58 kDa) but has characteristics of activity and inhibition similar to the mammalian sEHs when assayed with the substrate trans-stilbene oxide and the inhibitors 4-fluorochalcone oxide (4FCO), (2R,3R)-3-(4-nitrophenyl) glycidol (RRNPG), and (2S,3S)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)glycidol (SSNPG), which indicates that the cDNA did encode a soluble epoxide hydrolase of A. thaliana (AtsEH). Drought stress, but not heat or cold stress, slightly increased the accumulation of the mRNAs for AtsEH. The level of AtsEH transcripts increased strongly after treatment with a plant hormone, auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D; naphthalene-acetic acid, NAA; and indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) in young, pre-bolting plants. Treatment with cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine, BA), abscisic acid (ABA) or gibberellin (GA3) had no detectable effect on AtsEH transcript levels. The transcripts for AtsEH gene were detected in the aerial vegetative organs of bolting plants (i.e. stems and leaves), but not in roots, flowers and seeds. The possible function of AtsEH is discussed. A similar sEH cDNA has recently been characterized in potato (Stapleton et al., 1994).
Benzimidazole Derivatives. 3. 3D-QSAR/CoMFA Model and Computational Simulation for the Recognition of 5-HT<sub>4</sub> Receptor Antagonists (2002)

A three-dimensional quantitative structure-affinity relationship study (3D-QSAR), using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) method, and subsequent computational simulation of ligand recognition have been successfully applied to explain the binding affinities for the 5-HT(4) receptor (5-HT(4)R) of a series of benzimidazole-4-carboxamides and carboxylates derivatives 1-24. The K(i) values of these compounds are in the range from 0.11 to 10 000 nM. The derived 3D-QSAR model shows high predictive ability (q(2) = 0.789 and r(2) = 0.997). Steric (contribution of 43.5%) and electrostatic (50.3%) fields and solvation energy (6.1%) of this novel class of 5-HT(4)R antagonists are relevant descriptors for structure-activity relationships. Computational simulation of the complexes between the benzimidazole-4-carboxamide UCM-21195 (5) and the carboxylate UCM-26995 (21) and a 3D model of the transmembrane domain of the 5-HT(4)R, constructed using the reported crystal structure of rhodopsin, have allowed us to define the molecular details of the ligand-receptor interaction that includes (i) the ionic interaction between the NH group of the protonated piperidine of the ligand and the carboxylate group of Asp(3.32), (ii) the hydrogen bond between the carbonyl oxygen of the ligand and the hydroxyl group of Ser(5.43), (iii) the hydrogen bond between the NH group of Asn(6.55) and the aromatic ring of carboxamides or the ether oxygen of carboxylates, (iv) the interaction of the electron-rich clouds of the aromatic ring of Phe(6.51) and the electron-poor hydrogens of the carbon atoms adjacent to the protonated piperidine nitrogen of the ligand, and (v) the pi-sigma stacking interaction between the benzimidazole system of the ligand and the benzene ring of Tyr(5.38). Moreover, the noticeable increase in potency at the 5-HT(4)R sites, by the introduction of a chloro or bromo atom at the 6-position of the aromatic ring, is attributed to the additional electrostatic and van der Waals interaction of the halogen atom in a small cavity located between transmembrane domains 5 and 6.
SALT: a spoken language interface for web-based multimodal dialog systems (2002)

This paper describes the Speech Application Language Tags, or SALT, an emerging spoken language interface standard for multimodal or speech-only applications. A key premise in SALT design is speech-enabled user interface shares a lot of the design principles and computational requirements with the graphical user interface (GUI). As a result, it is logical to introduce into speech the object-oriented, event-driven model that is known to be flexible and powerful enough in meeting the requirements for realizing sophisticated GUIs. It is hopeful that reusing this rich infrastructure can enable dialog designers to focus more on the core user interface design issues than on the computer and software engineering details. The paper centers the discussion on the Web-based distributed computing environment and elaborates how SALT can be used to implement multimodal dialog systems. How advanced dialog effects (e.g., cross-modality reference resolution, implicit confirmation, multimedia synchronization) can be realized in SALT is also discussed.
A Phase I Study of the Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor Alvespimycin (17-DMAG) Given Intravenously to Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2011)

The recommended phase II dose of 17-DMAG is 80 mg/m(2) weekly i.v.
A novel method of microsatellite genotyping-by-sequencing using individual combinatorial barcoding (2016)

This study examines the potential of next-generation sequencing based 'genotyping-by-sequencing' (GBS) of microsatellite loci for rapid and cost-effective genotyping in large-scale population genetic studies. The recovery of individual genotypes from large sequence pools was achieved by PCR-incorporated combinatorial barcoding using universal primers. Three experimental conditions were employed to explore the possibility of using this approach with existing and novel multiplex marker panels and weighted amplicon mixture. The GBS approach was validated against microsatellite data generated by capillary electrophoresis. GBS allows access to the underlying nucleotide sequences that can reveal homoplasy, even in large datasets and facilitates cross laboratory transfer. GBS of microsatellites, using individual combinatorial barcoding, is potentially faster and cheaper than current microsatellite approaches and offers better and more data.
Specific and Nonspecific Immune Resistance Enhancing Activity of Staphage Lysate (1981)

The immunopotentiating activity of staphage lysate (SPL) was evaluated in terms of its immune protection against lethal bacterial infection and its antitumor activity. Mice were pretreated weekly with 10(8) viable, Staphylococcus aureus, strain 18Z for 3 weeks (Induction), followed by intraperitoneal SPL injections (Elicitation) at various times in relation to infectious challenge or tumor implantation. Induction without elicitation, or elicitation alone failed to provide protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and resulted in only 30-40% survival against homologous infection with pathogenic S. aureus type III, whereas combined induction and elicitation produced enhanced resistance induction and elicitation regimens resulted in 50% and 80-100% survival in mice inoculated with K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, respectively. SPL had no antitumor effect in mice implanted with median survival time resulting from induction and elicitation in animals implanted which Ehrlich's ascites. This enhancement of immune resistance may possibly be related to activation of thymus-modulated lymphocytes and macrophages by SPL.
Suppression of Ionic Liquid Gate-Induced Metallization of SrTiO<sub>3</sub>(001) by Oxygen (2013)

Ionic liquid gating of three terminal field effect transistor devices with channels formed from SrTiO3(001) single crystals induces a metallic state in the channel. We show that the metallization is strongly affected by the presence of oxygen gas introduced external to the device whereas argon and nitrogen have no effect. The suppression of the gating effect is consistent with electric field induced migration of oxygen that we model by oxygen-induced carrier annihilation.
Carcinogenicity of Butylated Hydroxyanisole in F344 Rats<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3">3</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn4">4</xref> (1983)

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was added at levels of 0.5 and 2.0% to the diet of inbred F344 rats for 2 years. The higher dose of BHA induced a significant increase in the incidence of papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma in both sexes. Both the higher and lower doses increased the incidences of hyperplasia of the forestomach, considered to be associated with neoplasias. The incidences of these neoplastic changes were dose-dependent. Neoplastic changes in other organs were not increased significantly by BHA. These results show that BHA is carcinogenic in the forestomach of F344 rats.
Determination of Elemental Compositions from Mass Peak Profiles of the Molecular Ion (M) and the M + 1 and M + 2 Ions (1996)

The relative abundances of M + 1 and M + 2 ions help to identify the elemental composition of the molecular ion (M). But scan speed, sensitivity, and resolution limitations of mass spectrometers have impeded determination of these abundances. Mass peak profiling from selected ion recording data (MPPSIRD) provided faster sampling and enhanced sensitivity, which permitted use of higher resolution. M + 2 profiles having only a few percent of the ion abundance of M were monitored at 20 000 resolution. The relative abundances, exact masses, and shapes of M, M + 1, and M + 2 mass peak profiles were determined. By applying five criteria based on these quantities, elemental compositions were determined even for ions too large (up to 766 Da) to be uniquely assigned from their exact mass and accuracy limits alone. A profile generation model (PGM) was written to predict these resolution-dependent quantities by considering all M + 1 and M + 2 ions for each candidate composition. The model also provided assurance that no other compositions were possible. Characterization of the M + 1 and M + 2 profiles by MPPSIRD and the PGM greatly expanded the practical ability of high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine elemental compositions.
Delineation of somatosensory finger areas using vibrotactile stimulation, an <scp>EC</scp>oG study (2015)

We suggest that this scheme, relying on the endogenous neural response rather than exogenous electrical activation, could eventually be extended to map other sensory areas and provide a faster and more objective map to better anticipate outcomes of surgical resection.
THE PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN ANIMALS OF CT1341???A NEW STEROID ANAESTHETIC AGENT (1972)

Child, K. J.; Currie, J. P.; Davis, B.; Dodds, M. G.; Pearce, D. R.; TWISSELL, D. J. Author Information
Lamprene (Clofazimine) in Leprosy (1979)

We are extremely grateful to CIBA-GEIGY
Risk factors and gene polymorphisms of inflammatory bowel disease in population of Zhejiang, China (2010)

Milk, fried food and stress are associated with increased risk of IBD. The common variants in NOD2/CARD15 gene are not associated with IBD in China's Zhejiang population.
Liquid−Vapor Oscillations of Water Nanoconfined between Hydrophobic Disks: Thermodynamics and Kinetics (2010)

We use extensive molecular dynamics simulations with the monatomic model of water (mW) to characterize the thermodynamics and kinetics of the liquid-vapor (wetting-drying) equilibrium of water confined between nanoscopic hydrophobic plates. The transition in confined water is first-order-like, with two well-defined states (wet and dry) separated by a free energy barrier. Different from its bulk counterpart, the confined system oscillates between liquid and vapor: the two phases coexist in time but not in space. Also different from the phase behavior in bulk, there is a finite range of the thermodynamic variables (e.g., temperature or separation between the plates) for which the liquid and vapor state coexist in dynamical equilibrium. We determine the range of temperatures and plate separations for which reversible oscillations can be observed between a stable and metastable phase, compute the time scales of the phase transition along the equilibrium coexistence line, and investigate the pathway for drying along simple collective coordinates that describe the opening of a vapor bubble. The results of the simulations are compared with a simple capillary model for the thermodynamics and transition state theory for the kinetics of phase oscillations.
A CMOS differential noise-shifting Colpitts VCO (2003)

A 0.35 /spl mu/m VCO uses current switching to increase voltage swing, lower phase noise by cyclostationary noise alignment, and improve startup reliability. A CMOS VCO in a 3-metal, 0.35 /spl mu/m process has -139 dBc/Hz phase noise at 3 MHz offset from a 1.8 GHz carrier and 30% of continuous tuning using inductors with Q of 6 and 4 mA dc current.
Low-power design for embedded processors (2001)

Minimization of power consumption in portable and battery powered embedded systems has become an important aspect of processor and system design. Opportunities for power optimization and tradeoffs emphasizing low power are available across the entire design hierarchy. A review of low-power techniques applied at many levels of the design hierarchy is presented, and an example of low-power processor architecture is described along with some of the design decisions made in implementation of the architecture.