gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (xGnP)/polypropylene nanocomposites (2007)

Graphite is an abundant natural mineral and one of the stiffest materials found in nature (Young's Modulus ~1060Gpa) with excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. Research underway at MSU on polymer matrices reinforced with new filler, exfoliated graphite (~10nm thickness) has shown that nanoreinforcement concentrations of up to 10 vol% in thermosets and 25 vol% in thermoplastics are easy to achieve and appropriate processing can result in composites with the best mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Research is to explore the fabrication method and processing conditions via factorial design of experiments, and how they influence the properties of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (xGnP)/PP nanocomposites. A significant development is a new compounding method, i.e., premixing of xGnP and PP powder in isopropyl alcohol using sonication to disperse the xGnP by coating individual PP powder particles prior to compression molding. This premixing method is more effective than the widely used melt compounding method, in terms of lowering the percolation threshold of thermoplastic nanocomposites (NC) and enhancing the probability that the large platelet morphology of xGnP can be preserved in the final composite. The flexural strength and modulus of pellet-type PP/ xGnP-1 NC was higher than that of powderor flake-type PP/xGnP-1 NC. In the electrical conductivity study, the percolation threshold of the flake and the pellet type PP is only 0.6 wt% of xGnP-1. This lower percolation threshold is due to network formation of xGnP on the surface of PP. The results of this study provide a fundamental understanding of how the processing and resulting distribution of xGnP within the final composite can affect the physical and mechanical properties of xGnP/PP nanocomposites.
Prediction of O-glycosylation of mammalian proteins: specificity patterns of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (1995)

The specificity of the enzyme(s) catalysing the covalent link between the hydroxyl side chains of serine or threonine and the sugar moiety N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is unknown. Pattern recognition by artificial neural networks and weight matrix algorithms was performed to determine the exact position of in vivo O-linked GalNAc-glycosylated serine and threonine residues from the primary sequence exclusively. The acceptor sequence context for O-glycosylation of serine was found to differ from that of threonine and the two types were therefore treated separately. The context of the sites showed a high abundance of proline, serine and threonine extending far beyond the previously reported region covering positions -4 through +4 relative to the glycosylated residue. The O-glycosylation sites were found to cluster and to have a high abundance in the N-terminal part of the protein. The sites were also found to have an increased preference for three different classes of beta-turns. No simple consensus-like rule could be deduced for the complex glycosylation sequence acceptor patterns. The neural networks were trained on the hitherto largest data material consisting of 48 carefully examined mammalian glycoproteins comprising 264 O-glycosylation sites. For detection neural network algorithms were much more reliable than weight matrices. The networks correctly found 60-95% of the O-glycosylated serine/threonine residues and 88-97% of the non-glycosylated residues in two independent test sets of known glycoproteins. A computer server using E-mail for prediction of O-glycosylation sites has been implemented and made publicly available. The Internet address is NetOglyc@cbs.dtu.dk.
The CATER approach to vehicle mass customization (2007)

CATER (Computerized Automotive Technology Reconfiguration) is a networked e-business system that supports mass customization of vehicles. It is designed to enable automotive industries to use information technology in several areas of vehicle planning and design. CATER delivers a suite of modules for use by end users to perform vehicle customization and planning over the Internet. In particular, CATER integrates customer citarasa, do-it-yourself design and MArK databases through a common semantic notation system to derive affective and user-centred design solutions.
Cartilage Repair and Subchondral Bone Migration Using 3D Printing Osteochondral Composites: A One-Year-Period Study in Rabbit Trochlea (2014)

Increasing evidences show that subchondral bone may play a significant role in the repair or progression of cartilage damage in situ. However, the exact change of subchondral bone during osteochondral repair is still poorly understood. In this paper, biphasic osteochondral composite scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing technology using PEG hydrogel and β-TCP ceramic and then implanted in rabbit trochlea within a critical size defect model. Animals were euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 52 weeks after implantation. Histological results showed that hyaline-like cartilage formed along with white smooth surface and invisible margin at 24 weeks postoperatively, typical tidemark formation at 52 weeks. The repaired subchondral bone formed from 16 to 52 weeks in a "flow like" manner from surrounding bone to the defect center gradually. Statistical analysis illustrated that both subchondral bone volume and migration area percentage were highly correlated with the gross appearance Wayne score of repaired cartilage. Therefore, subchondral bone migration is related to cartilage repair for critical size osteochondral defects. Furthermore, the subchondral bone remodeling proceeds in a "flow like" manner and repaired cartilage with tidemark implies that the biphasic PEG/β-TCP composites fabricated by 3D printing provides a feasible strategy for osteochondral tissue engineering application.
Caffeine for treatment of Parkinson disease (2012)

This study provides Class I evidence that caffeine, up to 200 mg BID for 6 weeks, had no significant benefit on excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with PD.
A novel LTE MIMO antenna with decoupling element for mobile phone application (2014)

A novel multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system combined with decoupling element for enhancing the port isolation between two antennas at triple Long-Term Evolution (LTE) bands is presented in this paper. For compact single antenna, an orthogonal strip layout design is used to build a single antenna with its dimension 14 × 15 × 3.2 mm
 3 
only. A spiral decoupling structure is added between two strongly coupled antennas to enhance the port isolation. The isolation within three desired bands could be improved to all below -20 dB. With the aid of the proposed decoupling element, the interference between two antennas could be minimized.
Void fraction measurement liquid level detection concept assessment and development (1987)

The Coolant Inventory Monitor System for measuring the amount and the distribution of coolant in the primary system under accident conditions of a nuclear power plant is described in this report. This system is based on measuring the local void fraction of the coolant at selected points in the vessel and piping system and then estimating the coolant inventory. This report summarizes the development of the measurement instrument, the supporting tests and the development of the supporting software. Accuracies of +-2% as compared with delta pressure cells can be obtained over void fractions ranging from 0 to 90%. The system can provide local measurements of void fraction and uses probes as small as 0.015 x 1.0 x 0.3 in. (0.038 x 2.54 x 0.76 cm). Experimental test data are shown for temperatures up to 570/sup 0/F (572K). The system can be used up to the critical point. The graphics display shows a real time display of void fraction for up to fifteen channels and gives the instantaneous as well as a running average for each channel. This instrument is believed to meet the intent of the NRC by being able to measure the amount of water above the reactor coremore » under all types of accidents. 10 refs., 31 figs., 3 tabs.« less
A novel power-train using coaxial magnetic gear for power-split hybrid electric vehicles (2011)

This paper proposes a novel power-train for power-split hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The key is to integrate two permanent magnet motor/generators (M/Gs) together with a coaxial magnetic gear (CMG). By designing the modulating ring of the CMG to be rotatable, this integrated machine can achieve both power splitting and mixing, and therefore, can seamlessly match the vehicle road load to the engine optimal operating region. With the one-side-in and one-side-out structure and the non-contact transmission of the CMG, all the drawbacks aroused by the mechanical gears and chain existing in the traditional power-train system can be overcome. Moreover, the proposed power-train possesses the merits of small size and light weight, which are vitally important for extending the full-electric drive range of HEVs. The working principle and the design details are elaborated. By using the finite element method, the electromagnetic characteristics are analyzed. Finally, system modeling and simulation are conducted to evaluate the proposed system.
[Assay of glycated fibrinogen in plasma as an indicator of blood glucose control]. (1990)

A method of assay for glycated fibrinogen (C-Fbg) in plasma has been developed. This method is based on the measurement of 1-deoxy-1-morpholino-D-fructose (DMF) in the fibrinogen (Fbg) solution separated from plasma and redissolved. Twenty five NIH units of thrombin was added to 600 microliters of plasma. After incubation, the fibrin clot was separated and washed. The fibrin clot was redissolved with Owren's veronal buffer contained urokinase. After incubation, DMF was measured using a Fructosamine Kit. G-Fbg measured by this method correlated significantly with the amount of furosine that was a specific product by hydrolysis of glycated lysine residue. In this method, the CV for intraday assay ranged from 2.0 to 3.6% and that for interday assay was 3.9%. The average of G-Fbg values in 78 diabetic patients (23.8 +/- 10.7 mumol DMF/g Fbg) was significantly higher than in 26 normal subjects (9.2 +/- 3.8 mumol DMF/g Fbg). The G-Fbg value correlated with blood glucose at the same time or one day earlier than 1-2 weeks or 1 month earlier. These results suggest that assay of G-Fbg by this method may be useful in monitoring short-term control of blood glucose in diabetic patients.
Molecular structure of fagopyritol A1 (O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-d-chiro-inositol) by NMR (2000)

The molecular structure of fagopyritol A1, a novel galactopyranosyl cyclitol from buckwheat seeds, was determined to be O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-D-chiro-inositol by 1H and 13C NMR. Fagopyritol A1 is a positional isomer of fagopyritol B1 (O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-D-chiro-inositol), representing a different series of fagopyritol oligomers. Trimethylsilyl derivatives of both compounds have similar mass spectra, but each may be identified by different abundance ratios of fragments with m/z 305/318 and 318/319.
Bentley's Horace - Harold Richard Jolliffe: The Critical Methods and Influence of Bentley's Horace. Pp. iii+152. Private Edition, distributed by the University of Chicago Libraries. 1939. Paper. (1940)

Bentley's Horace - Harold Richard Jolliffe: The Critical Methods and Influence of Bentley's Horace. Pp. iii+152. Private Edition, distributed by the University of Chicago Libraries. 1939. Paper. - Volume 54 Issue 1
Interactive, animated 3D widgets (2002)

If 3D applications become large, hierarchical networks of geometric objects lead to messy specifications. Furthermore, if time- and event-dependencies are merged with geometric modeling, complex animations and interactions cannot be modeled independently and hierarchically since their specifications are dispersed throughout the static scene description. The authors present an object-oriented architecture for interactive, animated 3D widgets which reduces the complexity of building 3D applications. 3D widgets encapsulate geometry and behavior into high-level building blocks based on two types of directed acyclic graphs, geometry graphs and behavior graphs. 3D widgets construct internal geometry graphs and behavior graphs, and perform operations on these graphs through high-level interfaces which hide details and raise the level of abstraction. 3D widgets define object ports which are used to link together different 3D widgets. A visual language for 3D widgets allows the developer the interactive construction of 3D applications.
Ewing's family of tumors in adults: multivariate analysis of survival and long-term results of multimodality therapy in 182 patients. (1998)

Based on our experience and a review of the literature, we concluded that the natural history and the prognosis of the Ewing's family of tumors in adults are not different from that found in children. A greater tumor bulk in adults may explain the less favorable prognosis previously reported by others. Outcome could be adequately monitored by a simple prognostic index.
Phase transitions and the doping effect in (1998)

The electronic states of the system, where , have been explored through measurements of the x-ray diffraction, magnetization, electrical resistivity, and thermoelectric power. Three structural phases appear as the composition and temperature are varied: the high-temperature orthorhombic (HO) phase with a pseudobrookite-type structure and the slightly deformed monoclinic (HM) one, and the low-temperature monoclinic (LM) one which is completely different from the former two phases. For , the HO-HM transition with a small magnetic anomaly and the HM-LM transition with significant spin-singlet Ti-Ti pairs successively take place, but for , no transition to the LM phase exists there. While the HO-phase is like a highly correlated metal, the HO-phase compounds with have a strongly localized state due to the disorder and the polaron formation, and exhibit a spin-glass-like phase at low temperatures.
Fast soft-output Viterbi decoding for duo-binary turbo codes (2003)

The implementation of a soft-output Viterbi decoder for an eight-state duo-binary code is described. This decoder is to be used in a turbo-decoder for convolutional codes. The implementation was made with the SYNOPSYS environment and targeted an ASIC 0.18 /spl mu/m technology. The layout obtained has a working frequency of 150 MHz and thus an output data rate of 300 Mbits/s.
Fine-grained self-healing hardware for large-scale autonomic systems (2004)

The hardware redundancy costs required for self-healing systems increase with system complexity, creating concerns about the cost-feasibility of large-scale autonomic systems. Redundancy costs can be minimized without reducing reliability by providing finest-grained fault recovery, but modern redundancy techniques are not effective for sub-component-level recovery. This paper introduces a design technique for low-cost, fine-grained self-healing hardware. Small amounts of reconfigurable logic are integrated within primarily fixed-logic circuits to provide heterogeneous redundancy for efficient fine-grained, self-contained fault detection, diagnosis, and recovery. When combined with traditional coarse-grained recovery techniques for larger failures, this technique enables large-scale self-healing systems with reduced redundancy costs.
Health and demographic priorities for contraception. (1969)

Family planning programs focused on high risk women (older, higher parity) can have a significant impact on fertility and can reduce maternal and infant mortality and morbidity which are positively associated with maternal age and parity. This group of women, which is responsible for a substantial proportion of population growth in developing countries, tends to accept family planning most readily and to adopt contraception on a more permanent basis than younger women. Such contraceptive programs, because they can be justified on the basis of health grounds alone, are likely to be better received by officials and religious and political groups who might normally oppose population control. Administrative suggestions for such programs include defining high risk women, designing special motivational techniques and information materials for these women, and using indigenous midwives as patient recruiters and contraceptive supply agents. These programs can be most effective in countries where contraception is little practiced, and where older women with several children contribute significantly to the total number of births.
Proteasomal degradation of tau protein (2002)

Filamentous inclusions composed of the microtubule-associated protein tau are a defining characteristic of a large number of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that tau degradation in stably transfected and non-transfected SH-SY5Y cells is blocked by the irreversible proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Further, we find that in vitro, natively unfolded tau can be directly processed by the 20S proteasome without a requirement for ubiquitylation, and that a highly reproducible pattern of degradation intermediates is readily detectable during this process. Analysis of these intermediates shows that 20S proteasomal processing of tau is bi-directional, proceeding from both N- and C-termini, and that populations of relatively stable intermediates arise probably because of less efficient digestion of the C-terminal repeat region. Our results are consistent with an in vivo role for the proteasome in tau degradation and support the existence of ubiquitin-independent pathways for the proteasomal degradation of unfolded proteins.
Drug Interaction in the Field of Analgesic Drugs (1965)

The evidence for believing that mixtures of aspirin, phenacetin, and caffeine provide advantages over the individual components of these mixtures is reviewed, and doubt expressed as to the rationale for the use of these mixtures in ordinary medical practice. The syndrome of ‘analgesic nephropathy’ is also reviewed, and on the basis of experiments in healthy volunteers it is suggested that individual ingredients of analgesic mixtures be scrutinized more carefully in an attempt to track down the agents responsible for toxic effects. The use of phenothiazine compounds, alone or in mixture with narcotics, is reviewed, and the opinion expressed that methotrimeprazine has special analgesic attributes. The narcotic antagonists represent an extremely interesting group of drugs which possess analgesic activity as well as the ability to antagonize certain effects of morphine and other narcotic agents. The patterns of respiratory effect, psychotomimesis, and abstinence phenomena seen with these antagonists illustrate the possibility of dissociating certain effects usually assumed to be linked inseparably in drugs possessing the analgesic power of morphine.
<title>Two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy for identification of healthy and malignant biological tissues</title> (2000)

Two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy has been performed on rat skeletal muscles to investigate the effect of fixation processes on the micro-environments of the endogenous fluorophores in rat skeletal muscles. The two-photon fluorescence spectra measured for different fixation periods show a differential among those samples that were fixed in water, formalin and methanol, respectively. The result imply that two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy can be a potential technique for identification of healthy and malignant biological tissues.
Identification of okadaic acid as a toxic component of a marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. (1982)

Two diethyl ether soluble toxins (PL toxin-I, II) and one 1-butanol soluble toxin (PL toxin-III) were isolated from a benthic marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. The major toxic component, PL toxin-II, was purified by several steps of column chromatography to yield colorless crystals: mp. 156-158°C, [α]20D+23° Physical and chemical data pointed to a molecular formula C44H68O13 having four hydroxyls, one carboxyl, seven ether linkages, three olefins, and five methyls in the molecule. A further examination of its properties and a comparison with an authentic specimen established that PL toxin-II is identical with okadaic acid, recently isolated as a cytotoxic component of two sponges Halichondria okadai and H. melanodocia.
Phyllobilins – the abundant bilin-type tetrapyrrolic catabolites of the green plant pigment chlorophyll (2014)

The seasonal disappearance of the green plant pigment chlorophyll in the leaves of deciduous trees has long been a fascinating biological puzzle. In the course of the last two and a half decades, important aspects of the previously enigmatic breakdown of chlorophyll in higher plants were elucidated. Crucial advances in this field were achieved by the discovery and structure elucidation of tetrapyrrolic chlorophyll catabolites, as well as by complementary biochemical and plant biological studies. Phyllobilins, tetrapyrrolic, bilin-type chlorophyll degradation products, are abundant chlorophyll catabolites, which occur in fall leaves and in ripe fruit. This tutorial review outlines 'how' chlorophyll is degraded in higher plants, and gives suggestions as to 'why' the plants dispose of their valuable green pigments during senescence and ripening. Insights into chlorophyll breakdown help satisfy basic human curiosity and enlighten school teaching. They contribute to fundamental questions in plant biology and may have practical consequences in agriculture and horticulture.
Edge Extraction Method Based on Separability of Image Features (1994)

This paper proposes a new robust method for detecting step and ramp edges. In our method, an edge is defined not as a point where the in tens it,^ changes largely, but as a region boundary based on separability of image features which can be calculated by linear discriminant analysis. Based on this definition of an edge, the intensity of an edge is obtained from tlie separability, wliich depends only on tlie shape of an edge. This feature enables us to easily select tlie best t,hreshold value for the extraction of an edge, our method can be applied to color, and texture edge extraction. Experimental results have shown that this proposed niethod is powerful enough to extract weak edges.
Multimaterial 4D Printing with Tailorable Shape Memory Polymers (2016)

We present a new 4D printing approach that can create high resolution (up to a few microns), multimaterial shape memory polymer (SMP) architectures. The approach is based on high resolution projection microstereolithography (PμSL) and uses a family of photo-curable methacrylate based copolymer networks. We designed the constituents and compositions to exhibit desired thermomechanical behavior (including rubbery modulus, glass transition temperature and failure strain which is more than 300% and larger than any existing printable materials) to enable controlled shape memory behavior. We used a high resolution, high contrast digital micro display to ensure high resolution of photo-curing methacrylate based SMPs that requires higher exposure energy than more common acrylate based polymers. An automated material exchange process enables the manufacture of 3D composite architectures from multiple photo-curable SMPs. In order to understand the behavior of the 3D composite microarchitectures, we carry out high fidelity computational simulations of their complex nonlinear, time-dependent behavior and study important design considerations including local deformation, shape fixity and free recovery rate. Simulations are in good agreement with experiments for a series of single and multimaterial components and can be used to facilitate the design of SMP 3D structures.