gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ripple: a wireless token-passing protocol for multi-hop wireless mesh networks (2006)

This work presents a wireless token-passing protocol, named Ripple, for wireless mesh networks (WMNs). In contrast to existing random-access approaches, Ripple uses a decentralized controlled-access approach to protect nodes from unintentional packet collisions and maximize the spatial reuse. The performance of Ripple under an error-free wireless channel was investigated and the accuracy of the analysis was verified by simulation. Simulation results also indicated that Ripple achieved throughput, stability, and QoS enhancement than that of 802.11 DCF under a highly loaded situation.
Astaxanthin, cell membrane nutrient with diverse clinical benefits and anti-aging potential. (2011)

Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a nutrient with unique cell membrane actions and diverse clinical benefits. This molecule neutralizes free radicals or other oxidants by either accepting or donating electrons, and without being destroyed or becoming a pro-oxidant in the process. Its linear, polar-nonpolar-polar molecular layout equips it to precisely insert into the membrane and span its entire width. In this position, astaxanthin can intercept reactive molecular species within the membrane's hydrophobic interior and along its hydrophilic boundaries. Clinically, astaxanthin has shown diverse benefits, with excellent safety and tolerability. In double-blind, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), astaxanthin lowered oxidative stress in overweight and obese subjects and in smokers. It blocked oxidative DNA damage, lowered C-reactive protein (CRP) and other inflammation biomarkers, and boosted immunity in the tuberculin skin test. Astaxanthin lowered triglycerides and raised HDL-cholesterol in another trial and improved blood flow in an experimental microcirculation model. It improved cognition in a small clinical trial and boosted proliferation and differentiation of cultured nerve stem cells. In several Japanese RCTs, astaxanthin improved visual acuity and eye accommodation. It improved reproductive performance in men and reflux symptoms in H. pylori patients. In preliminary trials it showed promise for sports performance (soccer). In cultured cells, astaxanthin protected the mitochondria against endogenous oxygen radicals, conserved their redox (antioxidant) capacity, and enhanced their energy production efficiency. The concentrations used in these cells would be attainable in humans by modest dietary intakes. Astaxanthin's clinical success extends beyond protection against oxidative stress and inflammation, to demonstrable promise for slowing age-related functional decline.
Nonlinear structured illumination microscopy with surface plasmon resonance enhanced stimulated emission depletion (2013)

Nonlinear structured illumination microscopy (SIM) allows full-field imaging at resolutions <100 nm. Two nonlinear effects, excitation saturation (SSIM) and the photo-switching of protein had been applied to nonlinear SIM. We report a new SIM technique which utilizes the nonlinearity of STED effect. Resolution and signal noise ratio simulation shows that STED-SIM may serve as a better alternative to SSIM and SIM with photo-switchable protein. SIM requires a strong nonlinear effect in a large area. We use Surface Plasmon Resonant to enhance of evanescence field near a dielectric-metal-dielectric interface. An 8 times STED effect enhancement is achieved on an optimized glass-silver-glass-water planar structure. We further use the interference of two SPR-enhanced STED fields propagating at opposite direction to generate a 1D structured STED field. Combined with a uniform excitation field, the structure STED field allows full field total internal reflection imaging with an enhanced resolution along the structured dimension. Less than 50 nm resolution is demonstrated. A STED-SIM microscope with 2D structured STED field is under development. Future research will apply the microscope to superresolution imaging of membrane resident or near membrane structure at super-resolution in live cells.
Durable and Efficient PTFE Sandwiched SPEEK Membrane for Vanadium Flow Batteries (2016)

To overcome the poor cycling stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membrane in vanadium flow batteries (VFB), we demonstrate a facile and effective sandwich design by using hydrophilic porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films as a stress protective and electrolyte buffer layer for SPEEK membrane. VFB based on this novel sandwich PTFE/SPEEK/PTFE membrane exhibits super long-life properties, which can steadily run (98.5% of Coulombic efficiency and 85.0% of energy efficiency @ 80 mA cm(-2)) with 2.0 M vanadium electrolyte for more than 1000 cycles. This simple and powerful strategy may also be applied to other nonfluoride membranes.
1994 Press Releases (1994)

This is the main index page listing all NIAMS press releases for 2000. Stories detail major news of our staff or grantees. This page may contain links to press releases related to NIAMS topics but issued by other Institutes.
Cardanol-Based Materials as Natural Precursors for Olefin Metathesis (2011)

Cardanol is a renewable, low cost natural material, widely available as a by-product of the cashew industry. It is a mixture of 3-n-pentadecylphenol, 3-(pentadeca-8-enyl)phenol, 3-(pentadeca-8,11-dienyl)phenol and 3-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trienyl)phenol. Olefin metathesis (OM) reaction on cardanol is an important class of reactions that allows for the synthesis of new olefins that are sometime impossible to prepare via other methods. The application of this natural and renewable material to both academic and industrial research will be discussed.
The optical properties of eight eastern Canadian wood species. Part 1: the inherent optical properties of wood (1988)

Etude des proprietes optiques de Abies balsamea, Betula, Picea mariana, Chamaecyparis, Pinus banksiana, Larix, Populus, Picea abies
Skin lesions in broiler chickens measured at the slaughterhouse: relationships between lesions and between their prevalence and rearing factors (2009)

1. This slaughterhouse-based study was to evaluate correlations between cutaneous lesions which are linked to animal welfare. The relationships between these lesions and various rearing factors were investigated. 2. The percentage of lesions in each flock was determined by observation at the slaughterhouse. Fifty-five flocks slaughtered between May 2005 and May 2006 in 8 slaughterhouses were investigated. 3. Data relating to farm management and housing factors during the rearing period were collected retrospectively from 36 of the 55 flocks scored for lesions. 4. A negative correlation was observed between (i) presence of breast blisters and deep hock burns, (ii) presence of breast blisters and deep footpad dermatitis, and (iii) presence of breast burns and scratches. 5. We proposed an assessment of broiler chicken welfare at the slaughterhouse on the basis of several criteria: (i) footpad dermatitis, hock burns and breast burns, (ii) scratches, and (iii) breast blisters. 6. The presence of contact dermatitis was related to litter quality and several management factors. Only scratches and breast blisters were related to high stocking density. The type of lesion was related to genotype. Genotype A (fast-growing) had fewer breast blisters but deeper footpad lesions than B (slower-growing).
Alkylation of Nitroaromatics with Trialkyborane (2003)

When p-dinitrobenzene is reacted with Et(3)B in t-BuOH or THF in the presence of t-BuOK, it yields p-nitroethylbenzene. In this report we examine the scope of this transformation by monitoring the effect of various parameters on the reaction. It has been found that the reaction is extremely sensitive to temperature and rather insensitive to the base-solvent combination used. It is also insensitive to the steric hindrance of the base: good yields were obtained using sodium 2,6-diisopropylphenoxide or when using NaH. Alkylation was obtained with a large variety of alkylboranes ranging from linear to polycyclic. Yields drop significantly if one of the nitro groups is replaced by another electron-withdrawing group. In all cases studied (CHO, PHCO, SO(2)Ph, and CN), it is the latter group which was preferentially displaced by the alkyl group. According to the suggested mechanism, the radical anion of the substrate combines with the alkyl radical released from the boranyl radical to form a Meisenheimer complex. The reaction takes place at the ring carbon bearing the highest spin density in accordance with ab initio calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G level.
Comparison of high dynamic range near-neighbor detection approaches for TPF (2003)

While observations of stellar Doppler shifts have recently uncovered a population of massive planets orbiting nearby stars, the direct detection of radiation from Earth-like planets is still well beyond reach, because of the high contrast ratios and small angular separations involved. However, a number of high-contrast near-neighbor detection techniques have the potential to enable the direct detection of planets as faint as the Earth from space-borne platforms. Several concepts, ranging from large-aperture visible wavelength coronagraphs to multi-spacecraft infrared interferometers, are currently being considered in the context of NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder program. Because of their demanding requirements, identification of the most feasible near-term approach calls for careful consideration of the possibilities. This paper compares the optical requirements inherent in two of the primary candidate architectures: nulling interferometry and coronagraphy. At a given wavelength, both approaches share similarly challenging wavefront phasing requirements, but nulling has the advantage that it is sensitive closer to the optical axis. The phasing and dynamic range requirements are eased significantly in the thermal infrared as compared to the visible, but longer baselines and cryogenic cooling are then required. Thus, all of the options are rather complex.
Adaptive Conjoint Analysis: Some Caveats and Suggestions (1991)

In the short span of five years, Sawtooth Software's Adaptive Conjoint Analysis (ACA) has become one of industry's most popular software packages for collecting and analyzing conjoint data. The authors critically examine ACA's assumption structure and measurement procedures; both formal and empirical findings are reported. They conclude with a series of constructive suggestions for increasing the reliability and versatility of the ACA package.
Routing perturbation for enhanced security in split manufacturing (2017)

Split manufacturing can mitigate security vulnerabilities at untrusted foundries by exposing only partial designs. Even so, attackers can make educated guess according to design conventions and thereby recover entire chip designs. In this work, a routing perturbation-based defense method is proposed such that such attacks become very difficult while wirelength/timing overhead is restricted to be very small. Experimental results on benchmark circuits confirm the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. The new techniques also significantly outperform the latest previous work.
One-shot scanning method using an unealibrated projector and camera system (2010)

In this paper, we describe a new one-shot scanning technique using a camera and a projector. Generally, a 3D measurement system based on a camera and a projector requires pre-calibration, such as the measurement of the relative position of these devices. If we can eliminate the calibration process, it would greatly improve the convenience of the system. For example, a single capture by a hand-held camera of an object illuminated by a hand-held projector would then allow to reconstruct the object shape. To achieve this, we propose a self-calibration technique using a projected grid pattern, computing the relative pose of projector and camera. This is similar to the relative pose or motion problem for two cameras, but in our case correspondences are not explicitly given. The actual algorithm is based on a simple exhaustive search of a finite set of hypotheses, with a cost function based on the epipolar constraint. In the experiments, successful reconstructions with our proposed method using synthetic and read data are presented.
Control of cavity flow by upstream mass-injection (1994)

The purpose of this study was to use mass-injection upstream of a cavity to control the shear flow across the cavity for reducing or eliminating cavity flow oscillations. Results of an experimental effort performed at a nominal Mach number of 1.8 and at unit Reynolds number of 17 x 10 6 per foot for a cavity with length-todepth (LID) ratio of 2.54 are presented. Baseline measurements were performed for various mass-injection rates for two rectangular injection distributions. Significant attenuation of cavity oscillations was observed with upstream mass-injection. This was attributed to the thickening of the cavity shear layer, which altered its instability characteristics, such that its preferred vortex roll-up frequency was shifted outside of the natural frequencies of the cavity. As a result of the experimental investigation, it was concluded that mass-injection is effective in significantly reducing or eliminating cavity oscillations. Cavity's peak oscillation amplitude was reduced from about 174 dB (1.5 psi) without mass-injection to 147 dB (0.07 psi) at the blowing coefficient rate of 0.04.
RUNAWAY YOUTH ADMITTED TO JUVENILE DETENTION: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CIGARETTE, ALCOHOL, AND MARIJUANA USE (2006)

The high rates of substance use among American adolescents are challenging, especially among runaway youth who are often identified as delinquent and find themselves in juvenile detention centers. Current services offered by juvenile detention centers focus on offering safe, short-term residential care; however, substance use issues are common among these youth. Although providing substance use treatment is an unlikely addition to these juvenile justice agencies, the authors posit that these fac il ities are in a prime position to fac il itate screening, assessment, and referral. Addressing issues of substance abuse among run-away youth admitted to j uvenile detention must be a major objective for prevention and treatment for this high-risk population. Although interventions that address substance use among runaway, del inquent youth are limited, future research must implement and evaluate early intervention strategies aimed at addressing the complex and multifaceted challenges experienced by these youth. ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE The rates of substance use and abuse among American high school students are the highest in the industrialized world (Bach-
A critical appraisal of the intrinsic pancreatic angiotensin-generating system. (2001)

The pancreas is a relative newcomer to the stable of tissues with an intrinsic angiotensin-generating system. The involvement of this system in pancreatic activity will be dependent on the angiotensin-generating paths present in the pancreas and their precise cellular location. Thus far, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II and AT1 and AT2 receptors have been found. These are components of the "classical" renin-angiotensin system. But there is uncertainty as to their location and site of action. Furthermore, it is not known which, if any, alternative enzymes to renin and ACE are present, which angiotensins in addition to angiotensin II are generated and whether or not there are receptors to angiotensin IV and angiotensin-(1-7). Future research should focus on these aspects in order to provide a mechanistic basis to pancreatic physiological functions and to pathological conditions of clinical relevance.
Phosphazene Rings and High Polymers Linked to Transition Metals or Biologically Active Organic Species (1981)

Macromolecules that contain phosphorus as a skeletal atom have been studied in detail for many years. Yet, compared to the vast array of known carbon-backbone polymers, macromolecules based on phosphorus have occupied only a small and very specialized niche. We have been systematically exploring the prospect that a broad new class of high polymers, the poly( organophosphazenes) (III), can be synthesized in which phosphorus rather than carbon plays a key role in the skeletal chain (1-3). For most organic substituent groups, X, polymers of type III are hydrolytically stable and offer unusual combinations of physical and chemical properties not found in biological- or petrochemical- based macromolecules. Two key principles have played a pivotal role in our exploration and development in this field. First, unlike most macromolecules, nearly all poly(organophosphazenes) are prepared by a substitutive technique, in which a broad range of different substituent groups are introduced via a reactive polymeric
An x-ray tomography facility for quantitative prediction of mechanical and transport properties in geological, biological, and synthetic systems (2004)

A fully integrated X-ray tomography facility with the ability to generate tomograms with 2048<sup>3</sup> voxels at 2 micron spatial resolution was built to satisfy the requirements of a virtual materials testing laboratory. The instrument comprises of a continuously pumped micro-focus X-ray gun, a milli-degree rotation stage and a high resolution and large field X-ray camera, configured in a cone beam geometry with a circular trajectory. The purpose of this facility is to routinely analyse and investigate real world biological, geological and synthetic materials at a scale in which the traditional domains of physics, chemistry, biology and geology merge. During the first 2 years of operation, approximately 4 Terabytes of data have been collected, processed and analysed, both as static and in some cases as composite dynamic data sets. This incorporates over 300 tomograms with 1024<sup>3</sup> voxels and 50 tomograms with 2048<sup>3</sup> voxels for a wide range of research fields. Specimens analysed include sedimentary rocks, soils, bone, soft tissue, ceramics, fibre-reinforced composites, foams, wood, paper, fossils, sphere packs, bio-morphs and small animals. In this paper, the flexibility of the facility is highlighted with some prime examples.
The Australian Way of Life (1954)

The Australian Way of Life The Australian Way of Life. Ed. by George Caiger. Foreword by A. L. Irvine. (The Way of Life—Profil des Nations—series of the International Studies Conference. Prepared under the auspices of the Australian Institute of International Affairs.) London, Heinemann, 1953. xvi+158 pp. Illus. 834′​′×512′​′⁠. 12s. 6d. J. S. G. Wilson J. S. G. Wilson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 30, Issue 4, October 1954, Page 499, https://doi.org/10.2307/2608769 Published: 01 October 1954
LCD Motion Blur: Modeling, Analysis, and Algorithm (2011)

Liquid crystal display (LCD) devices are well known for their slow responses due to the physical limitations of liquid crystals. Therefore, fast moving objects in a scene are often perceived as blurred. This effect is known as the LCD motion blur. In order to reduce LCD motion blur, an accurate LCD model and an efficient deblurring algorithm are needed. However, existing LCD motion blur models are insufficient to reflect the limitation of human-eye-tracking system. Also, the spatiotemporal equivalence in LCD motion blur models has not been proven directly in the discrete 2-D spatial domain, although it is widely used. There are three main contributions of this paper: modeling, analysis, and algorithm. First, a comprehensive LCD motion blur model is presented, in which human-eye-tracking limits are taken into consideration. Second, a complete analysis of spatiotemporal equivalence is provided and verified using real video sequences. Third, an LCD motion blur reduction algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm solves an l(1)-norm regularized least-squares minimization problem using a subgradient projection method. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm gives higher peak SNR, lower temporal error, and lower spatial error than motion-compensated inverse filtering and Lucy-Richardson deconvolution algorithm, which are two state-of-the-art LCD deblurring algorithms.
Influence of Temperature on the Hydration Heat of Polymer Modified Mortars (2013)

The hydration heat of polymer modified mortar were measured at 5°C、10°C、20°C and 40°C using Multi-channel Isothermal calorimeter. The effects of temperature on hydration heat of polymer modified mortars with 0.1% methyl hydroxylpropyl cellulose (MHPC), 3% ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and 0.1%MHPC+3%EVA were investigated. The curves of hydration heat show that the polymer reduces the hydration heat of mortars and it is related to the temperature. The effects will be more and more remarkable with the increasing of temperature; Temperature also affects the exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortars. The exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortar at low temperature is almost equal to that of the ordinary cement mortar. However, it is obviously lower than that of ordinary cement mortar at high temperature ; The time to the exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortar is also related to the temperature.
Nurturing the Brilliance in Every Child (2012)

When Lorraine asked me to co-edit this issue with her, I thought she was crazy; and when I agreed, I knew I was crazy. However, that is the kind of person she is; she gets things done, and she is always thinking of more interesting ways to get them done. It is no wonder that the Journal has grown as it has under her direction. It has been inspiring to work with her and to help select the thoughtful responses by these authors to the central controversy of this issue; they address different facets of the problem from a range of perspectives that are enriching and provocative.
Sobetirome: the past, present and questions about the future (2015)

Sobetirome binds selectively to the main hepatic form of thyroid hormone (TH) receptor, TRβ1, compared to TRα1, which is principally responsible for thyrotoxic effects on heart, muscle and bone. Sobetirome also preferentially accumulates in liver. It was originally envisaged that sobetirome could be used to stimulate hepatic pathways that lower cholesterol without harmful side effects and might be used in conjunction with statins. Indeed, sobetirome progressed through preclinical animal studies and Phase I human clinical trials with excellent results and without obvious harmful side effects. Despite the fact that cardiovascular disease remains a major cause of mortality and that new therapies are desperately needed, it is unlikely that sobetirome will progress in further human clinical trials in the near future. The emergence of alternative cholesterol-lowering therapeutics may render selective thyromimetics redundant. Further, fears of thyrotoxic effects in the heart and emergence of cartilage defects in dogs after long-term use of eprotirome, a similar though not identical compound, has reduced enthusiasm for this strategy. We argue that it is nevertheless important to explore uses of sobetirome in humans; more treatment strategies would help patients with hard-to-treat dyslipidemias. Sobetirome may also have additional applications in orphan indications and short-term controlled weight loss.