gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of the Measles Virus Phosphoprotein Domain Responsible for the Induced Folding of the C-terminal Domain of the Nucleoprotein (2003)

Measles virus is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Mononegavirales order which comprises several human pathogens such as Ebola, Nipah, and Hendra viruses. The phosphoprotein of measles virus is a modular protein consisting of an intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (Karlin, D., Longhi, S., Receveur, V., and Canard, B. (2002) Virology 296, 251-262) and of a C-terminal moiety (PCT) composed of alternating disordered and globular regions. We report the crystal structure of the extreme C-terminal domain (XD) of measles virus phosphoprotein (aa 459-507) at 1.8 A resolution. We have previously reported that the C-terminal domain of measles virus nucleoprotein, NTAIL, is intrinsically unstructured and undergoes induced folding in the presence of PCT (Longhi, S., Receveur-Brechot, V., Karlin, D., Johansson, K., Darbon, H., Bhella, D., Yeo, R., Finet, S., and Canard, B. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 18638-18648). Using far-UV circular dichroism, we show that within PCT, XD is the region responsible for the induced folding of NTAIL. The crystal structure of XD consists of three helices, arranged in an anti-parallel triple-helix bundle. The surface of XD formed between helices alpha2 and alpha3 displays a long hydrophobic cleft that might provide a complementary hydrophobic surface to embed and promote folding of the predicted alpha-helix of NTAIL. We present a tentative model of the interaction between XD and NTAIL. These results, beyond presenting the first measles virus protein structure, shed light both on the function of the phosphoprotein at the molecular level and on the process of induced folding.
Variational two-electron reduced-density-matrix theory: Partial 3-positivity conditions for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math>-representability (2005)

Variationally calculating the ground state of a many-electron quantum system using only the two-electron reduced-density-matrix (2-RDM) requires $N$-representability conditions that constrain the 2-RDM to correspond to an $N$-electron wave function. A systematic hierarchy of $N$-representability conditions, known as $p$-positivity conditions, has been developed [D. A. Mazziotti and R. M. Erdahl, Phys. Rev. A 63, 042113 (2001)], and many-electron atoms and molecules in nonminimal basis sets have been solved with useful accuracy by a variational 2-RDM method with 2-positivity conditions [D. A. Mazziotti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 213001 (2004)]. This paper considers two forms of partial 3-positivity conditions, the lifting conditions and the ${T}_{1}∕{T}_{2}$ conditions, to further enhance the accuracy of the 2-RDM methods without the computational cost of full 3-positivity conditions. Variational 2-RDM methods with different $N$-representability constraints including 2-positivity conditions, the two types of partial 3-positivity conditions, as well as the complete 3-positivity conditions are applied to compute the ground state of the Lipkin spin model. The energies and 2-RDMs are compared to the results from full and truncated configuration interaction, many-body perturbation theory, and couple cluster theory with single and double excitations. Implications of using partial 3-positivity for variational 2-RDM calculations of many-electron atoms and molecules will be discussed.
New high performance and wide range tunable two–stage 3GHz CMOS RF hetero–linked oscillators (1999)

New CMOS High performance and wide range tunable two-stage oscillators applicable to the places requiring in- and quadrature-phase components such as RF and data retiming applications are presented. We present two-stage CMOS ring oscillators using phase-look-ahead technique and two kinds of hetero-linked oscillators, the LCRO and the LCXRO. Two-stage ring oscillator is fabricated using 0.8-µm CMOS technology. The maximum oscillation frequency is 914-MHz at 2-V supply. Its phase noise is -87-dBc/Hz at 600-kHz offset. The LCRO and the LCXRO show maximum oscillation frequency of 2.85-GHz and 3-GHz with 3-V power supply. The measured tuning range of the LCRO and the LCXRO are 500-MHz and 100-MHz, respectively, without varactor diodes. Their phase noises are -109- dBc/Hz and -97-dBc/Hz at 600-kHz offset.
<scp>I</scp> reland (2015)

Ireland offers a clear example of conflicting ethnic nationalisms being accommodated through compromise and constitutional adaptation. As Ireland approaches the hundredth anniversary of the foundational 1916 Easter Rising, the partition of the island imposed in 1920 appears to be permanent. It shows also the rapidity with which global migration can transform a society's ethnic makeup. Not since the plantations of the seventeenth century has the island's ethnic profile been so radically altered. Thus, in 2014, as a consequence of partition and immigration, a new Ireland is being created—one that will be nothing like that envisaged by the early twentieth‐century proponents of Irish nationalism.
Distances of Galactic WC stars from emission-line fluxes and a quantification of the WC classification (1990)

The extent to which later-type WC stars in the Galaxy show constant flux in the carbon lines is assessed. It is found the the WC stars are an extremely 'well-behaved' sequence in terms of quantitative spectroscopic properties. The two classification parameters are closely correlated with a scatter of the order of uncertainty. There appear to be natural breaks in the sequence between subclasses, except between WC5 and 6. The classification is quantified using the C IV 5808 A/C III 5696 A ratio as the principal defining parameter for WC7-9 stars and the C III 5696 A/O V 5590 A ratio as the principal defining parameter for WC4-6 stars. Preliminary calibration of the line fluxes indicate that the flux of C IV 5808 A in Galactic WC stars is constant at F(0) 5808 = -log F(0)(5808) = 8.1 at 1 kpc for subclasses WC5-7. The intrinsic line flux ratio C(0) = log f(0)(5808/4650) is a smooth function of subclass number, decreasing from -0.22 dex for WC4 stars to -0.56 dex for WC9 stars.
Finding global icebergs over distributed data sets (2006)

Finding icebergs – items whose frequency of occurrence is above a certain threshold – is an important problem with a wide range of applications. Most of the existing work focuses on iceberg queries at a single node. However, in many real-life applications, data sets are distributed across a large number of nodes. Two naïve approaches might be considered. In the first, each node ships its entire data set to a central server, and the central server uses single-node algorithms to find icebergs. But it may incur prohibitive communication overhead. In the second, each node submits local icebergs, and the central server combines local icebergs to find global icebergs. But it may fail because in many important applications, globally frequent items may not be frequent at any node. In this work, we propose two novel schemes that provide accurate and efficient solutions to this problem: a sampling-based scheme and a counting-sketch-based scheme. In particular, the latter scheme incurs a communication cost at least an order of magnitude smaller than the naïve scheme of shipping all data, yet is able to achieve very high accuracy. Through rigorous theoretical and experimental analysis we establish the statistical properties of our proposed algorithms, including their accuracy bounds.
Mouse Models for the Study of Telomerase (2007)

The ends of chromosomes, or telomeres, consist of short repeated sequences that are synthesized by a ribonucleoprotein-DNA polymerase called telomerase. The RNA component of telomerase is essential for enzyme activity. The maintenance of telomere length by telomerase has been proposed to be essential for cellular viability and to play an important role in cellular senescence and immortalization. We are interested in using the mouse as a model system for the study of telomerase. We studied telomerase activity and expression of the mouse telomerase RNA component (mTR) in two different transgenic mouse models of multistage tumorigenesis: models of islet cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. In both tumour models, telomerase activity was detected only in late-stage tumours, whereas the telomerase RNA was present at higher than normal levels in pre-neoplastic stages and increased further in late-stage tumours. However, the RNA levels did not parallel the amounts of telomerase activity detected, suggesting that regulation of telomerase activity does not correlate with the regulation of its RNA component. These results establish a direct correlation between progression to late-stage tumours and induction of telomerase activity, and suggest that the initial upregulation of telomerase RNA is an early event. To address the role of telomerase during normal mouse development and tumour formation, we have constructed a knockout mouse for the mouse telomerase RNA, mTR-/-. These mice and the cell lines derived from them are telomerase deficient.
Network Buffer Allocation in the FreeBSD Operating System (2004)

This paper outlines the current structure of network data buffers in FreeBSD and explains their allocator's initial implementation. The current common usage patterns of network data buffers are then examined along with usage statistics for a few of the allocator's key supporting API routines. Finally, the improvement of the allocation framework to better support Symmetric-Multi-Processor (SMP) systems in FreeBSD 5.x is outlined and an argument is made to extend the general purpose allocator to support some of the specifics of network data buffer allocations.
Comparative Study on the Synergistic Action of Garlic Synthesized and Citrate Capped Silver Nanoparticles with <b><i>β</i></b>-Penem Antibiotics (2013)

Resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic bacteria has emerged in recent years and is a major challenge for the health care industry. For developing a cheap broad-active agent that can be applicable against different pathogens, it is necessary to develop an alternative source for normal antibacterial agents. This paper mainly focuses on the combined action of green as well as citrate synthesized silver nanoparticles and β -penem antibiotics, which are β -lactam antibiotics with penem rings. These silver nanoparticles synergistic potential helps in the enhancement of antibacterial activity of broad spectrum antibiotics. The synergistic actions of citrate capped silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were compared with that of garlic ( Allium sativum ) synthesized silver nanoparticles together with action of antibiotics, ampicillin and amoxyclav, and some of the pathogenic organisms showed an increase in the action of antibiotics.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of acupuncture on pain and function in non-specific low back pain (2020)

We draw a cautious conclusion that acupuncture appears to be effective for NSLBP and that acupuncture may be an important supplement to usual care in the management of NSLBP.
Ease of use and preference of a new versus widely available prefilled insulin pen assessed by people with diabetes, physicians and nurses (2011)

Most participants rated FT as easier to use and to inject with, were more confident in its accuracy of insulin delivery and preferred it to SS.
Turbo decoder implementation (2002)

Recently, turbo code has gathered much attention for its outstanding performance. However, its complexity and decoding latency are severe drawbacks. Turbo code has been adopted in the 3GPP specification as one of the channel coding schemes. To implement a turbo decoder compliant with the 3GPP specification, the author adopted the sliding window method and devised a way to simplify the E-function of the MAP algorithm. This paper covers the optimum sliding window size and piecewise-linear E-function. In addition, implementing a scheme using the sliding window algorithm is covered. This focuses on implementing an interleaver and deinterleaver. The turbo decoder described is designed according to the 3GPP specification, and every simulation was done under AWGN.
A novel approach for diagnosing road safety issues using automated computer vision techniques (2013)

The use of traffic conflicts for safety diagnosis has been gaining acceptance as a surrogate for collision data analysis. The traffic conflicts approach provided better understanding of collision contributing factors and the failure mechanism that leads to road collisions. This paper demonstrates an automated proactive safety diagnosis approach for vehicles, pedestrian and cyclists using video-based computer vision techniques. Traffic conflicts are automatically detected and several conflict indicators such as Time to collision (TTC) are calculated based on the analysis of the road-user positions in space and time. Additionally, spatial violations are detected based on the non-conformance of road users to travel regulations. Several case studies are described. The first case study deals of the safety analysis of a newly installed bike lane at the southern approach of a heavy volume Bridge in Vancouver, British Columbia. The results showed a high exposure of cyclists to traffic conflicts. Practical solutions to address the safety issues at the location were presented. The second case study deals with a major signalized intersection where concerns were raised regarding the high conflict rate between vehicles and pedestrians as well as an elevated number of traffic violations (i.e., jaywalking) at the intersection. Conflicts and violations were identified and pedestrian safety countermeasures were presented. The third case study deals with a before-after (BA) safety evaluation of a newly proposed design for channelized right-turn lanes at intersections. The new design, termed “Smart Channels”, decreases the angle of the channelized right turn to approximately 70 degrees. The results of the evaluation show that the implementation of the right-turn treatment has resulted in a considerable reduction in the severity and frequency of merging, rear-end, and total conflicts. Overall, the three case studies demonstrate the considerable potential of using video-based computer vision techniques for automated road safety analysis based on traffic conflicts.
In vivo monitoring of Ca2 <b>+</b> uptake into mitochondria of mouse skeletal muscle during contraction (2004)

Although the importance of mitochondria in patho-physiology has become increasingly evident, it remains unclear whether these organelles play a role in Ca(2+) handling by skeletal muscle. This undefined situation is mainly due to technical limitations in measuring Ca(2+) transients reliably during the contraction-relaxation cycle. Using two-photon microscopy and genetically expressed "cameleon" Ca(2+) sensors, we developed a robust system that enables the measurement of both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) transients in vivo. We show here for the first time that, in vivo and under highly physiological conditions, mitochondria in mammalian skeletal muscle take up Ca(2+) during contraction induced by motor nerve stimulation and rapidly release it during relaxation. The mitochondrial Ca(2+) increase is delayed by a few milliseconds compared with the cytosolic Ca(2+) rise and occurs both during a single twitch and upon tetanic contraction.
Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Vitro by a Clostridial System (1973)

Abstract A messenger RNA preparation from Clostridium pasteurianum is active in stimulating protein synthesis in vitro by ribosomes and initiation factors derived from C. pasteurianum or from Escherichia coli. Other messengers tested, f2 RNA, T4 early mRNA, and E. coli mRNA, are active with ribosomes and initiation factors derived from E. coli, but not with those derived from C. pasteurianum. By testing the heterologous combinations of salt-washed ribosomes and initiation factors from these two bacterial species in protein synthesis assays, it was demonstrated that the salt-washed ribosomes, and not the initiation factors, control the specificity of mRNA translation and also determine the characteristic magnesium optimum for protein synthesis. The initiation factors influence the efficiency of translation obtained with each type of mRNA. The relative efficiency of translation observed when using E. coli initiation factors and when using C. pasteurianum initiation factors varies with the different types of mRNA. The heterologous combinations of salt-washed ribosomes and initiation factors from the two bacterial species were also tested for their ability to bind fMet-tRNA in response to f2 RNA, T4 early mRNA, and C. pasteurianum mRNA. These assays demonstrated the same difference in messenger specificities between the two ribosomal systems as was found in the protein synthesis assays. Moreover, the results indicated, in agreement with the protein synthesis assays, that the salt-washed ribosomes, and not the initiation factors, control the specificity of mRNA recognition.
Solar Still for Purifying Water Used for Growth Chamber and Mite Rearing (1978)

Donald C. Cress, George M. Herron, Jerry L. Condray, Solar Still for Purifying Water Used for Growth Chamber and Mite Rearing, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1903-), Vol. 81, No. 4 (Winter, 1978), pp. 319-325
Engineering the Structural and Electronic Phases of MoTe<sub>2</sub> through W Substitution (2017)

MoTe<sub>2</sub> is an exfoliable transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) that crystallizes in three symmetries: the semiconducting trigonal-prismatic 2H- or α-phase, the semimetallic and monoclinic 1T<sup>'</sup>- or β-phase, and the semimetallic orthorhombic γ-structure. The 2H-phase displays a band gap of ∼1 eV making it appealing for flexible and transparent optoelectronics. The γ-phase is predicted to possess unique topological properties that might lead to topologically protected nondissipative transport channels. Recently, it was argued that it is possible to locally induce phase-transformations in TMDs, through chemical doping, local heating, or electric-field to achieve ohmic contacts or to induce useful functionalities such as electronic phase-change memory elements. The combination of semiconducting and topological elements based upon the same compound might produce a new generation of high performance, low dissipation optoelectronic elements. Here, we show that it is possible to engineer the phases of MoTe<sub>2</sub> through W substitution by unveiling the phase-diagram of the Mo<sub>1-x</sub>W<sub>x</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> solid solution, which displays a semiconducting to semimetallic transition as a function of x. We find that a small critical W concentration x<sub>c</sub> ∼ 8% stabilizes the γ-phase at room temperature. This suggests that crystals with x close to x<sub>c</sub> might be particularly susceptible to phase transformations induced by an external perturbation, for example, an electric field. Photoemission spectroscopy, indicates that the γ-phase possesses a Fermi surface akin to that of WTe<sub>2</sub>.
A 1.5GHz 0.2ps<inf>RMS</inf> jitter 1.5mW divider-less FBAR ADPLL in 65nm CMOS (2012)

This paper presents a low power, low jitter, PVT-stable film-bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) based all digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) in a 65nm CMOS process. We introduce a power-efficient integer-N ADPLL architecture, where the digitally-controlled FBAR oscillator (FBAR DCO) achieves phase-lock to a reference clock without any explicit frequency dividers in the feedback path. The simplified divider-less ADPLL has a reduced phase difference at the input of the phase-frequency detector, avoiding a lengthy power hungry time-to-digital converter (TDC). The ADPLL consumes 1.5mW of power and has a measured integrated RMS jitter 0.19ps from 10kHz to 40MHz frequency offset at 1.5GHz carrier frequency. The measured frequency tuning range of 6300ppm for this ADPLL is wide enough to cover the FBAR frequency variations over PVT and provide moderate frequency modulation or channelization. This low power high performance FBAR ADPLL can be used in low power radios, high performance ADCs, and high speed data links.
Dual‐label immunocytochemistry of the active multiple sclerosis lesion: Major histocompatibility complex and activation antigens (1988)

Fresh-frozen autopsy material containing active inflammatory lesions from 9 different patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was analyzed by immunocytochemistry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, and a dual-label immunocytochemical method was developed which permitted the simultaneous detection of two different surface markers on a single cell. We now report the following. (1) The predominant T-cell phenotype within MS lesions is CD2,3,8. This phenotype marks the suppressor-cytotoxic subset. (2) These cells do not express the natural killer cell marker NKH-1, which is present on a subset of CD8-positive cells in peripheral blood. (3) The infiltrating cell expresses class I (HLA A, B, C), but not class II (DR and DQ), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (4) Other T-cell surface molecules, including the activation antigens interleukin-2 receptor, Ta1, and T11-3, as well as the marker 2H4, are largely not expressed. (5) Endothelial cells express both class I and class II MHC molecules and the 4B4 molecule in both MS and control tissue. (6) Astrocytes within the vicinity of MS lesions are predominantly class II MHC-negative. These results demonstrate that the T-cell infiltrate present in MS tissue on autopsy has a restricted phenotypic profile, but they also raise the possibility that, within this population, few activated effector cells are present.
OUABAIN RECEPTOR BINDING OF HYDROXYPROGESTERONE DERIVATIVES (1979)

1 A specific and sensitive radioreceptor assay ahs been devised which is based on high affinity, saturable binding of 9 nM [3H]-ouabain to the total particulate fraction isolated from dog heart. Ouabain and other cardiac glycosides, including the aglycones, were about equipotent in their ability to displace [3H]-ouabain from its receptor, the IC50s ranging from 10 to 30 nM. 2 The only other substances found to compete significantly in the assay were derivatives of hydroxyprogesterone having a 17 alpha-acetate substituent: chlormadinone acetate, megestrol acetate, cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate, with IC50s of 2, 7.4, 9 and 21 microM, respectively. Prednisolone-3,20-bisguanyl-hydrazone, reported to have inotropic activity, gave an IC50 of 6.4 microM. Cyproterone-17 alpha-OH was less active (IC50 90 microM) than cyproterone-17 alpha-acetate. 3 A large number of peptide and protein hormones, steroid hormones and their metabolites, amines, and drugs were inactive.
A CMOS Self-Regulating VCO With Low Supply Sensitivity (2004)

This paper presents a self-regulating voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with low supply sensitivity. With an adaptive delay cell, the self-regulating VCO achieves a low supply sensitivity of 0.15%-delay/1%-supply or less. This delay cell has a built-in compensation circuit that senses and corrects the delay variation caused by supply fluctuation. The proposed scheme rejects device noise as well and hence achieves a low phase noise of -101.4 dBc/Hz at 600-kHz offset when it runs at 900 MHz. The prototype phase-locked loop with the VCO fabricated in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process shows a cycle-to-cycle rms jitter of 2.1 ps at 450 MHz (VCO at 900 MHz) under quiet supply condition.