gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Record for FPSOs and Shuttle Tankers (1999)

Abstract Industry interest in tanker-based floating production systems in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) has brought forth the need to evaluate the worldwide performance of these systems regarding oil spill safety. This paper discusses the incidence of oil spills from Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) systems and shuttle tanker operations throughout history, based on public data and a recent industry survey. Oil spill statistics are presented considering the following factors:Geographical locationVessel type and sizePrimary operation in progress at the time of the incidentCause of SpillSpill volume Results indicate that oil spills from FPSOs and shuttle tankers are very rare, and the industry can continue its aggressive pursuit for utilization of an FPSO in the Gulf of Mexico. Introduction During the past 22 years, tanker-based floating production systems (FPSOs) have been utilized in a wide variety of water depths, weather conditions and field types. These systems are among the most flexible options for developing offshore oil fields. Generally, a newbuild FPSO is designed for a field life of 20-25 years and a tanker converted for FPSO service is designed for a field life of 10-15 years. However, Walter Winkworth, Manager of Offshore Services for Lloyd's Register of Shipping, states in an OCS report that FPSOs can be designed for a field life of up to 50 years (for a shallowwater, nearshore FPSO)1. FPSOs can also be used on a shortterm basis for an Extended Well Test (EWT), an Early Production System (EPS), or can be relocated for use on multiple fields. They can be designed to operate in water depths as shallow as 50 feet to extreme deepwater, and a wide range of weather conditions. FPSOs are suitable for several scenarios that are applicable to the GOM, as listed below:In a marginal field, an FPSO can provide full-scale production operations without the expense of a purpose built fixed facility. The FPSO can then be re-used elsewhere, thereby saving money for the field owner.EWT or EPS operations require a temporary installation such as an FPSO.Ultra deepwater fields can be developed with the use of an FPSO. With an FPSO, a massive structure is not required in order to develop the field, as is the case with a Tension Leg Platform (TLP) or other fixed structure, since an FPSO is not sensitive to topsides weights or space restrictions. Note: Reserves totaling more than 4 billion barrels of oil have been located in water depths ranging from 1600 feet to 5900 feet (500m to 1800m) in the Gulf of Mexico in just the last six years.2An FPSO can be designed to stay on location during a hurricane or be able to eave the operating site during thes torm.Remote field locations, far from existing platforms or pipelines, can be developed with an FPSO since it provides its own storage and offloads to shuttle tankers. This eliminates the necessity of an oil sales pipeline.
Geometry dependence of nonlinear effects in high temperature superconducting transmission lines at microwave frequencies (1999)

We investigate the nature of low-power nonlinear effects in high-temperature superconducting microwave devices by measuring third harmonic generation at 76 K in coplanar waveguide transmission lines of different geometries fabricated from YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films. The measured power in the third-harmonic signal changes systematically with film thickness, center conductor linewidth, and line length. We analyze these results using a simple model for a transmission line with a nonlinear inductance arising from a current-dependent superconducting penetration depth. This analysis describes quantitatively the observed differences in harmonic generation for transmission lines of different dimensions, and yields a single geometry-independent parameter (the nonlinear scaling current density J0) to quantify the observed nonlinear behavior. For the thin film samples studied here J0=3.0×107 A/cm2 at 76 K for all geometries investigated. These results provide the means to establish a lower limit for the expected nonlinear response of superconducting components of arbitrary geometry at microwave frequencies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dioctyloxybenzo[1,2-<i>b</i>:4,3-<i>b</i>′]dithiophene-Containing Copolymers for Polymer Solar Cells (2011)

A series of D–A copolymers containing dioctyloxybenzo[1,2-b:4,3-b′]dithiophene (BdT) donor unit and different acceptor unit of bithiazole (BTz), thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TTz), dithienylylbenzothiadiazole (DTBT), and dithienyl-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP), PBdT-BTz, PBdT-TTz, PBdT-DTBT, and PBdT-DPP, were synthesized for the application as donor materials in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Bandgaps and HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital) energy levels of the copolymers were tuned effectively by using different acceptor units from 2.01 and −5.16 eV for PBdT-BTz, to 1.91 and −5.19 eV for PBdT-TTz, 1.70 and −5.09 eV for PBdT-DTBT, and 1.41 and −5.01 eV for PBdT-DPP. The PSCs based on the blend of PBdT-TTz (with a lower HOMO of −5.19 eV) and PC70BM (1:3 w/w) exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 3.40% with a Jsc of 5.50 mA/cm2, a high Voc of 0.90 V, and a high FF of 68.7%.
THE ORGANIC LIQUID MODERATED REACTOR (1957)

The advantages, disadvantages, preferred organic liquid, uses, radiation effects, and cost factors of an organic liquid moderated reactor are discussed. (W. L.H.)
A novel code excited pel-recursive motion compensation algorithm (2001)

The conventional scalar-quantizer-based pel-recursive motion compensated coding scheme is enhanced by incorporating vector quantization. The enhanced scheme uses code-excited analysis-by-synthesis to quantize the motion compensated prediction residual. Simulation results show that the enhanced scheme furnishes large rate-distortion performance gains over the conventional scheme, particularly at bit rates below about 0.5 bits per pixel.
CAD tools for ASIC design (1987)

Computer aids have been used for both the design and verification of electronic systems for many years. The recent explosion in the complexity of electronic systems that the advent of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) has allowed, has made the use of sophisticated computer-aided design tools indispensable. Computer aids will soon also provide key proprietary advantages as semiconductor and system design houses vie for the promising Application-Specific IC (ASIC) market of the next decade. This paper focusses on the techniques critical to both custom and ASIC design, the directions of present research and development for these areas, and future trends. In particular, recent developments in tools for the automated design of combinational logic are reviewed. These techniques include both algorithmic and rule-based approaches.
Deep Learning Hierarchical Representations for Image Steganalysis (2017)

Nowadays, the prevailing detectors of steganographic communication in digital images mainly consist of three steps, i.e., residual computation, feature extraction, and binary classification. In this paper, we present an alternative approach to steganalysis of digital images based on convolutional neural network (CNN), which is shown to be able to well replicate and optimize these key steps in a unified framework and learn hierarchical representations directly from raw images. The proposed CNN has a quite different structure from the ones used in conventional computer vision tasks. Rather than a random strategy, the weights in the first layer of the proposed CNN are initialized with the basic high-pass filter set used in the calculation of residual maps in a spatial rich model (SRM), which acts as a regularizer to suppress the image content effectively. To better capture the structure of embedding signals, which usually have extremely low SNR (stego signal to image content), a new activation function called a truncated linear unit is adopted in our CNN model. Finally, we further boost the performance of the proposed CNN-based steganalyzer by incorporating the knowledge of selection channel. Three state-of-the-art steganographic algorithms in spatial domain, e.g., WOW, S-UNIWARD, and HILL, are used to evaluate the effectiveness of our model. Compared to SRM and its selection-channel-aware variant maxSRMd2, our model achieves superior performance across all tested algorithms for a wide variety of payloads.
Interstitial cystitis in minority women. (1993)

A bladder disorder of unknown etiology, interstitial cystitis affects mainly women, and its prevalence may be increasing. Little information is available on the demographic, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment aspects of interstitial cystitis in the minority population. This retrospective review of the patient database at the Interstitial Cystitis Center, New England Medical Center, identified 17 minority women among a total of 201 patients who satisfied the criteria of the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases for diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. Minority women accounted for 8.5% of the patients, with 3% being African American; 3.5%, Hispanic American; and 2.0%, Asian American. The clinical and endoscopic findings as well as responses to treatment were similar in both the minority and nonminority populations. However, the average duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 2.9 years in the minority group, compared with an average of 13 months in the nonminority group. Minority women with interstitial cystitis appear to be symptomatic for longer periods before a definitive diagnosis is made. Their response to treatment parallels that of the nonminority population. Further studies are needed to address the natural history, urologic referral patterns, and treatment outcomes in minority women who have interstitial cystitis.
StavroX—A Software for Analyzing Crosslinked Products in Protein Interaction Studies (2011)

Chemical crosslinking in combination with mass spectrometry has matured into an alternative approach to derive low-resolution structural information of proteins and protein complexes. Yet, one of the major drawbacks of this strategy remains the lack of software that is able to handle the large MS datasets that are created after chemical crosslinking and enzymatic digestion of the crosslinking reaction mixtures. Here, we describe a software, termed StavroX, which has been specifically designed for analyzing highly complex crosslinking datasets. The StavroX software was evaluated for three diverse biological systems: (1) the complex between calmodulin and a peptide derived from Munc13, (2) an N-terminal ß-laminin fragment, and (3) the complex between guanylyl cyclase activating protein-2 and a peptide derived from retinal guanylyl cyclase. We show that the StavroX software is advantageous for analyzing crosslinked products due to its easy-to-use graphical user interface and the highly automated analysis of mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data resulting in short times for analysis. StavroX is expected to give a further push to the chemical crosslinking approach as a routine technique for protein interaction studies.
Collagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) gene expression by HaCaT keratinocytes is enhanced by tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta. (1997)

Collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13; MMP-13) is a novel matrix metalloproteinase, the expression of which to date has only been detected in human breast carcinoma tissue and osteoarthritic cartilage. Here, we show that MMP-13 transcripts are expressed by human HaCaT keratinocytes but not by primary human epidermal keratinocytes. The levels of MMP-13 mRNAs in HaCaT cells were enhanced up to 130- and 45-fold by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), respectively. The maximal induction of MMP-13 mRNAs by TNF-alpha was noted after a 6-h incubation, whereas with TGF-beta, the maximal stimulation was observed after 24 h. The up-regulation of MMP-13 mRNA abundance by TNF-alpha and TGF-beta was dependent on protein synthesis and was prevented partially by dexamethasone and retinoic acid. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated activation of MMP-13 gene transcription by TNF-alpha maximally at the 2-h time point and by TGF-beta after 12 h of treatment. Incubation of HaCaT keratinocytes with TNF-alpha and TGF-beta also increased production of proMMP-13 into the culture media, as detected by Western blotting. Our data indicate that the MMP-13 gene is expressed by transformed epidermal keratinocytes, suggesting a role for MMP-13 in the invasive capacity of human epidermal malignancies.
An Estimation Algorithm of the Point Spread Function based on Singular Value Decomposition and Telemetry Prior Information (2016)

For the research of restoring the atmospheric turbulence-degraded images, an estimation algorithm of the point spread function based on singular value decomposition and telemetry prior information is proposed. The experiment shows image restoration effect of the proposed estimation algorithm.
Protective influence of pretreatment with allopurinol on myocardial function in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery (1990)

Xanthine oxidase is responsible for the release of free oxygen radicals during myocardial reperfusion. Allopurinol was shown to be an effective inhibitor of this reaction in the laboratory experiments, but not in patients. Thirteen male patients undergoing routine coronary artery bypass graft surgery were treated with allopurinol in doses of 15 mg/kg per day for 4 days before the operation. Haemodynamic function in the early period after cardiopulmonary bypass, ECG, enzyme release and ultrastructural findings in this group were compared with those in a control group of 13 male patients matched for age distribution and stage of coronary disease. Left ventricular stroke work index was higher in the treatment group 10 min (P less than 0.001) and 15 min after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass (P less than 0.01) and also 2 h later (P less than 0.02). In the early post-operative recovery phase fewer episodes of arrhythmia were observed in this group of patients (P less than 0.001). Electron microscopy studies of the myocardium and CK and CK-MB release showed no significant differences between groups. Thus, allopurinol may have a protective effect on the human ischaemic myocardium in the early period of reperfusion.
Optimum Shapes for Minimising Bond Stress in Scarf Repairs (2007)

Abstract: Bonded scarf repairs are used in composite structures when high strength recovery is needed or when there is a requirement for a flush surface to satisfy aerodynamic or stealth requirements. However, scarf repairs are complex to design and require the removal of significant parent structure, particularly for thick skins. In this investigation, analytical and numerical approaches have been developed to investigate whether an optimum repair shape for a known biaxial load can be determined. The results clearly demonstrate that the strength of a repaired panel can be improved by optimising both the initial damage cut-out shape and the scarf angle distribution.
Distribution-Free Predictive Inference for Regression (2017)

We develop a general framework for distribution-free predictive inference in regression, using conformal inference. The proposed methodology allows for the construction of a prediction band for the response variable using any estimator of the regression function. The resulting prediction band preserves the consistency properties of the original estimator under standard assumptions, while guaranteeing finite-sample marginal coverage even when these assumptions do not hold. We analyze and compare, both empirically and theoretically, the two major variants of our conformal framework: full conformal inference and split conformal inference, along with a related jackknife method. These methods offer different tradeoffs between statistical accuracy (length of resulting prediction intervals) and computational efficiency. As extensions, we develop a method for constructing valid in-sample prediction intervals called rank-one-out conformal inference, which has essentially the same computational efficiency as split conformal inference. We also describe an extension of our procedures for producing prediction bands with locally varying length, to adapt to heteroscedasticity in the data. Finally, we propose a model-free notion of variable importance, called leave-one-covariate-out or LOCO inference. Accompanying this article is an R package conformalInference that implements all of the proposals we have introduced. In the spirit of reproducibility, all of our empirical results can also be easily (re)generated using this package.
Deep Neural Networks: A Case Study for Music Genre Classification (2015)

Music classification is a challenging problem with many applications in today's large-scale datasets with Gigabytes of music files and associated metadata and online streaming services. Recent success with deep neural network architectures on large-scale datasets has inspired numerous studies in the machine learning community for various pattern recognition and classification tasks such as automatic speech recognition, natural language processing, audio classification and computer vision. In this paper, we explore a two-layer neural network with manifold learning techniques for music genre classification. We compare the classification accuracy rate of deep neural networks with a set of well-known learning models including support vector machines (SVM and '1-SVM), logistic regression and '1-regression in combination with hand-crafted audio features for a genre classification task on a public dataset. Our experimental results show that neural networks are comparable with classic learning models when the data is represented in a rich feature space.
Safety and Efficacy of Dose-Intensive Oral Vitamin A in Subjects with Sun-Damaged Skin (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Previously, we reported the results of a Phase III, placebo-controlled trial in 2,297 randomized participants with moderately severe actinic keratoses wherein 25,000 IU/day vitamin A caused a 32% risk reduction in squamous cell skin cancers. We hypothesized that dose escalation of vitamin A to 50,000 or 75,000 IU/day would be both safe and more efficacious in skin cancer chemoprevention. Experimental Design: One hundred and twenty-nine participants with severely sun-damaged skin on their lateral forearms were randomized to receive placebo or 25,000, 50,000, or 75,000 IU/day vitamin A for 12 months. The primary study end points were the clinical and laboratory safety of vitamin A, and the secondary end points included quantitative, karyometric image analysis and assessment of retinoid and rexinoid receptors in sun-damaged skin. Results: There were no significant differences in expected clinical and laboratory toxicities between the groups of participants randomized to placebo, 25,000 IU/day, 50,000 IU/day, and 75,000 IU/day. Karyometric features were computed from the basal cell layer of skin biopsies, and a total of 22,600 nuclei from 113 participants were examined, showing statistically significant, dose-response effects for vitamin A at the 25,000 and 50,000 IU/day doses. These karyometric changes correlated with increases in retinoic acid receptor α, retinoic acid receptor β, and retinoid X receptor α at the 50,000 IU/day vitamin A dose. Conclusions: The vitamin A doses of 50,000 and 75,000 IU/day for 1 year proved safe and equally more efficacious than the 25,000 IU/day dose and can be recommended for future skin cancer chemoprevention studies.
Low-Voltage Operating Ferroelectric FET with Ultrathin IGZO Channel for High-Density Memory Application (2020)

We have fabricated and demonstrated ultrathin In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) channel ferroelectric HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> field effect transistor (FET) with memory operation. Ultrathin-body IGZO ferroelectric FET (FeFET) shows high mobility and nearly ideal subthreshold slop with minimum 8 nm channel thickness, thanks to the properties of IGZO material, junctionless FET operation, nearly-zero low-k interfacial layer on metal-oxide channel and effective capping for realizing ferroelectric phase formation with HfZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (HZO). The controllable memory operations are achieved with the use of back gate. The design guideline of IGZO FeFET is proposed by discussing the thickness of front gate oxide HZO and back gate oxide SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> using TCAD simulation. The material and electrical properties of metal/HZO/IGZO/metal capacitor are also investigated. Metal/HZO/IGZO/metal capacitor has up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> endurance and over one-year retention. IGZO FeFET shows a potential for high-density and low-power memory application.
Microprocessor test and test tool methodology for the 500 MHz IBM S/390 G5 chip (2002)

This paper describes the test tool methodology used for the IBM S/390 microprocessor. An efficient, effective, and automated process providing correct-by-construction test pattern generation, an effective test pattern set, and diagnostics were required. This paper explains the techniques used to accomplish this along with explaining why the method was chosen and how it helped expedite the process.
Network, Anatomical, and Non-Imaging Measures for the Prediction of ADHD Diagnosis in Individual Subjects (2012)

Brain imaging methods have long held promise as diagnostic aids for neuropsychiatric conditions with complex behavioral phenotypes such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. This promise has largely been unrealized, at least partly due to the heterogeneity of clinical populations and the small sample size of many studies. A large, multi-center dataset provided by the ADHD-200 Consortium affords new opportunities to test methods for individual diagnosis based on MRI-observable structural brain attributes and functional interactions observable from resting-state fMRI. In this study, we systematically calculated a large set of standard and new quantitative markers from individual subject datasets. These features (>12,000 per subject) consisted of local anatomical attributes such as cortical thickness and structure volumes, and both local and global resting-state network measures. Three methods were used to compute graphs representing interdependencies between activations in different brain areas, and a full set of network features was derived from each. Of these, features derived from the inverse of the time series covariance matrix, under an L1-norm regularization penalty, proved most powerful. Anatomical and network feature sets were used individually, and combined with non-imaging phenotypic features from each subject. Machine learning algorithms were used to rank attributes, and performance was assessed under cross-validation and on a separate test set of 168 subjects for a variety of feature set combinations. While non-imaging features gave highest performance in cross-validation, the addition of imaging features in sufficient numbers led to improved generalization to new data. Stratification by gender also proved to be a fruitful strategy to improve classifier performance. We describe the overall approach used, compare the predictive power of different classes of features, and describe the most impactful features in relation to the current literature.