gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WHEAT RUST EPIDEMICS IN WESTERN CANADA IN 1953, 1954 AND 1955 (1958)

Leaf rust and stem rust of wheat (Puccinia triticina Erikss. and P. graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. and Henn.) were abundant in the Prairie Provinces of Canada in 1953, 1954 and 1955. Considerable rust damage was caused in all 3 years but particularly in 1954, when both rusts were heavy throughout most of Manitoba and Saskatchewan and in a considerable area in east-central Alberta. In all 3 years, seeding was late and spores arrived early. Abundant moisture favoured rust development throughout the entire seasons of 1953 and 1954 and during the first half of the 1955 season.In 1953, as a consequence of early arrival of rust spores and an extended period of rainy weather, rust losses were greater than in any year since 1935. Much the greatest damage was caused to durums. In 1954, late seeding, much above normal precipitation over wide areas, and a great northward movement of rust spores at an early date into Saskatchewan, where most of the wheat is grown, resulted in the most severe and widespread rust epidemic in Canada's history. In 1955, high rainfall, late seeding, and a northward movement of rust spores favoured the early establishment of leaf and stem rust, especially in Manitoba. Subsequent rust development was mitigated by two factors: first, the onset of hot, dry weather about mid-July, which hastened crop maturity and retarded rust spread; and second, the presence of a large acreage in Manitoba and eastern Saskatchewan of the stem- and leaf-rust-resistant variety Selkirk and the leaf-rust-resistant variety Lee, which greatly limited the increase of inoculum of both rusts.It is estimated that leaf rust and stem rust reduced wheat yields in Western Canada by upwards of 45 million bushels in 1953; 150 million bushels in 1954; and 9 million bushels in 1955.
Efficient scheduling of DSP code on processors with distributed register files (1999)

Code generation methods for digital signal processors are increasingly hampered by the combination of tight timing constraints imposed by the algorithms and the limited capacity of the available register files. Traditional methods that schedule spill code to satisfy storage capacity have difficulty satisfying the timing constraints. The method presented in this paper analyses the combination of limited register file capacity, resource- and timing constraints during scheduling. Value lifetimes are serialized until all capacity constraints are guaranteed to be satisfied after scheduling. Experiments in the FACTS environment show that we efficiently obtain high quality instruction schedules for inner-most loops of DSP algorithms.
A study of the bone morphogenetic protein derived from bovine demineralized dentin matrix. (1996)

We tried to extract and purify bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) from bovine demineralized dentin matrix (DDM). Crude dentin BMP (d-BMP) was extracted from DDM in 3 sequential steps. Purification of crude d-BMP was carried out by liquid chromatography. The molecular weight and the isoelectric point of the purified d-BMP were determined by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electrofocusing. All fractioned samples were bioassayed in the thigh muscle pouches of AKR strain mice to test their ability to induce new bone formation. A sequence of 3 extraction steps worked effectively to obtain crude d-BMP. The purified d-BMP was shown to be homogeneous on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight and the pI were 25 kDa and 6.5, respectively. The amino acid composition was different from that of known bone-derived BMP. The purified d-BMP induced new bone formation in the thigh muscle pouches. The molecular weight, pI and amino acid composition were different from those of bone-derived BMP.
New Viscoelastic Materials Obtained by Insertion of anα-Olefin in atrans-Polyisoprene Chain with a Single-Component Organolanthanide Catalyst (2001)

Copolymerisation of isoprene with C6–C18 α-olefins by a single component organolanthanide catalyst affords poly(trans-1,4-isoprene) containing 6–10% of inserted olefin. The mechanical properties of highly crystalline transpolyisoprene are drastically modified after insertion of the alkyl chains, leading to quasi-amorphous viscoelastic materials.
Ensemble Analysis of Angiogenic Growth in Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Cell Cultures (2012)

We demonstrate ensemble three-dimensional cell cultures and quantitative analysis of angiogenic growth from uniform endothelial monolayers. Our approach combines two key elements: a micro-fluidic assay that enables parallelized angiogenic growth instances subject to common extracellular conditions, and an automated image acquisition and processing scheme enabling high-throughput, unbiased quantification of angiogenic growth. Because of the increased throughput of the assay in comparison to existing three-dimensional morphogenic assays, statistical properties of angiogenic growth can be reliably estimated. We used the assay to evaluate the combined effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the signaling lipid sphingoshine-1-phosphate (S1P). Our results show the importance of S1P in amplifying the angiogenic response in the presence of VEGF gradients. Furthermore, the application of S1P with VEGF gradients resulted in angiogenic sprouts with higher aspect ratio than S1P with background levels of VEGF, despite reduced total migratory activity. This implies a synergistic effect between the growth factors in promoting angiogenic activity. Finally, the variance in the computed angiogenic metrics (as measured by ensemble standard deviation) was found to increase linearly with the ensemble mean. This finding is consistent with stochastic agent-based mathematical models of angiogenesis that represent angiogenic growth as a series of independent stochastic cell-level decisions.
A Biomechanical Analysis of the Causes of Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants and Children (2004)

There is significant disagreement among medical professionals regarding the mechanisms for infant brain injury. This disagreement is due in part to the failure by some to acknowledge and incorporate known biomechanical data and models into hypotheses regarding causes. A proper biomechanical understanding of the mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) challenges many published and testified assumptions regarding TBI in infants and children. This paper analyzes the biomechanical relationship between the causes of TBI in infants and children, and their physiological consequences. Loading characteristics, injury parameters and criteria, scaling, failure characteristics, differences between infants and adults, and impact due to falls are described and discussed in the context of the laws of mechanics. Recent studies are critiqued with reference to their contribution to an understanding of brain injury mechanisms. Finally, methods for improving our currently incomplete knowledge of infant head injuries, and their mechanisms, consequences and tolerances are proposed. There is an urgent need for close collaboration between physicians and biomechanicians to objectively and scientifically evaluate infant head injuries to further define their mechanical bases, and to assist in their diagnosis and treatment.
Genetic algorithm optimization applied to electromagnetics: a review (1997)

Genetic algorithms are on the rise in electromagnetics as design tools and problem solvers because of their versatility and ability to optimize in complex multimodal search spaces. This paper describes the basic genetic algorithm and recounts its history in the electromagnetics literature. Also, the application of advanced genetic operators to the field of electromagnetics is described, and design results are presented for a number of different applications.
Fiber and Yarn Performance of Upland Cotton with Improved Fiber Bundle Strength (2012)

ABSTRACT The U.S. cotton ( Gossypium spp.) industry has shifted focus in recent years to an export market, necessitating further development of upland cotton ( G. hirsutum L.) cultivars with superior fiber properties to maintain competitiveness. This study was conducted to compare both fiber and yarn performance of upland cotton genotypes with similar average fiber length but enhanced fiber bundle strength (Str) with two high quality commercial controls, ‘FM 832LL’ and ‘DP 491’. The high Str strains and commercial upland controls were grown in Weslaco, TX, during the summers of 2009 and 2010 with standard agronomic practices for south Texas, including furrow irrigation. Plots were spindle‐machine harvested, seedcotton ginned on a research gin without a lint cleaner, and lint and yarn tested at the Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI) in Lubbock, TX. Lint and yarn data collected included high volume instrument (HVI) and advanced fiber information system (AFIS) derived data and ring spun yarn data (mini‐spinning protocol). Years were different for almost every fiber and yarn property except Str, immature fiber content (IFC), yarn tenacity (Ten), work required for yarn breakage (Work to Break) and the number of thin places per kilometer that are at least 50% smaller in diameter than adjacent portions of yarn (Thin). All of the high Str strains had higher Ten in 2009 than the controls and 9 of the 11 had higher Ten in 2010. The high Str genotypes resulted in more even yarns (as determined with the Uster Tester 3 [Uster Technologies]).
Individual and combining effects of anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody and teriparatide in ovariectomized mice (2015)

We examined the individual and combined effects of teriparatide and anti-RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) monoclonal antibody in ovariectomized mice. Three-month-old female C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated. Four weeks after OVX, they were assigned to 3 different groups to receive anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody (Ab) alone (5 mg/kg single injection at 4 weeks after OVX, Ab group), teriparatide alone (80 μg/kg daily injection for 4 weeks from 4 weeks after OVX, PTH group), or mAb plus teriparatide (Ab + PTH group). Mice were sacrificed 8 weeks after OVX. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the femur and lumbar spine. Hind limbs were subjected to histological and histomorphometric analysis. Serum osteocalcin and CTX-I levels were measured to investigate the bone turnover. Compared with Ab group, Ab + PTH group showed a significant increase in BMD at distal femur and femoral shaft. Cortical bone volume was significantly increased in PTH and Ab + PTH groups compared with Ab group. Bone turnover in Ab + PTH group was suppressed to the same degree as in Ab group. The number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells was markedly reduced in Ab and Ab + PTH groups. These results suggest that combined treatment of teriparatide with anti-RANKL antibody has additive effects on BMD in OVX mice compared with individual treatment.
Biomolecule detection using a silicon nanoribbon: accumulation mode versus inversion mode (2008)

Silicon nanoribbons were fabricated using standard optical lithography from silicon on insulator material with top silicon layer thicknesses of 100, 60 and 45 nm. Electrically these work as Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors and, depending on the substrate voltage, electron or hole injection is possible. The current through the nanoribbon is extremely sensitive to charge changes at the oxidized top surface and can be used for biomolecule detection in a liquid. We show that for detection of streptavidin molecules the response is larger in the accumulation mode than in the inversion mode, although not leading to higher detection sensitivity due to increased noise. The effect is attributed to the location in depth of the conducting channel, which for holes is closer to the screened surface charges of the biomolecules. Furthermore, the response increases for decreasing silicon thickness in both the accumulation mode and the inversion mode. The results are verified qualitatively and quantitatively through a two-dimensional simulation model on a cross section along the nanoribbon device.
Runtime adaptability of a concurrent function block model fora real-time holonic controller (2002)

This paper outlines a concurrent function block model to control the run-time reconfiguration process of a holonic controller. A multiagent-based concurrent execution mechanism to support run-time adaptability of the IEC 61499 basic and composite function block types is proposed. In this model, each function block contains control execution (CE) and execution control (EC) agents. In the basic function block, event-triggered CE agents are concerned with function block algorithms, while the EC agent manages and controls' the run-time configuration process of the function block itself. As well, the execution states of the function block can be switched between various states at runtime by the EC agent (e.g., running, configuring, etc.). Runtime reconfiguration of composite function blocks is accomplished using hierarchical finite state-machines with a multiple concurrency model.
Cationic conduction in oligoether salt–comblike polyether complex (1995)

Abstract Polymeric solid electrolytes, with excellent cationic conductivity, were prepared from the complexation of lithium methoxyoligo(oxyethylene) sulfate and lithium methoxyoligo(oxyethylene) sulfonate with poly[methoxyoligo(oxyethylene)methacrylate‐ co ‐acrylamide]. The electrolytes exhibit low glass transition temperature and have almost no crystal. Their ionic conductivities at 25°C are over 10 −5 S/cm. The carrier number in the complex decreases while ionic mobility increases considerably with increasing considerably with increasing temperature. The polarization reversing method confirms that the cationic transference numbers are all over 0.9. The electrolytes have single ion conduction characteristics in DC polarization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Recognition and Photo-Induced Cleavage and Cross-Linking of Nucleic Acids by Oligonucleotides Covalently Linked to Ellipticine (1991)

Oligopyrimidines covalently linked to ellipticine derivatives form duplex and triplex structures with target single-stranded oligopurine sequences. They also bind to duplex DNA at homopurine-homopyrimidine sequences where they form local triple helices. Irradiation at wavelengths longer than 300 nm of the complex formed by an oligonucleotide-ellipticine conjugate with its target sequence induced (i) cleavage of the target at bases located in close proximity to the dye and (ii) cross-linking of the target sequence to the derivatized oligonucleotide. Both cross-linking and cleavage reactions decreased when temperature increased with a half-transition corresponding to the dissociation of the oligonucleotide-ellipticine conjugate from its target nucleic acid, demonstrating that the observed photochemical effects are dependent on hybrid formation. When the target was a double-stranded DNA, photochemical reactions were observed on both strands of the duplex. Photo-induced cross-linking was more efficient than cleavage when the target was single-stranded; the reverse was observed when the target was duplex DNA.
Addressing the complexity of multimedia wireless computing solutions (2000)

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
ACTIV-LOCSTEP: a test generation procedure based on logic simulation and fault activation (2002)

We present a test generation procedure for synchronous sequential circuits referred to as ACTIV-LOCSTEP. Like its predecessor LOCSTEP, ACTN-LOCSTEP generates test sequences at low computational costs by using randomized search and avoiding fault oriented test generation. However, ACTIV-LOCSTEP is fundamentally different from LOCSTEP, being based on the following observation. Consider an input sequence C that consists of a transient C/sub 1/, followed by a periodic part C/sub 2/ that takes the fault free circuit through a cycle of states. Suppose that a fault f is activated during the cycle. If the same input sequence does not create a cycle in the faulty circuit, or creates a cycle of a different length than the one traversed by the fault free circuit, then f is likely to be detected after several repetitions of C/sub 2/ In the resulting procedure, the test sequence length is controlled by restricting the length of the input sequence C and the number of repetitions of the periodic part. Our experiments indicate that relatively short sequences and small numbers of repetitions of the periodic part of the sequence allow large numbers of faults to be detected.
522/261 nm cw generation of Pr:YLF laser pumped by OPS laser (2007)

In this paper, we report on 2.5 Watts of output power at 522 nm of Pr:YLF laser end pumped by 5.3 W Coherent High Power OPS Laser at 479 nm, and on 620 mW of cw ultraviolet radiation at 261 nm, which has been obtained by intracavity frequency doubling of the Pr:YLF laser with a BBO crystal.
The Size of Lesions, or Point Counting as a Step Toward the Solution of the PASI Problem (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article on disease progress in psoriasis, Marks et al<sup>1</sup>have stated that "there is clearly a need for better objective measures of psoriasis severity." The authors have convincingly demonstrated the problems with the assessment of the extent and severity of psoriasis, as well as the high interobserver variability. It is well known that "the human eye is notoriously poor as an estimator of area fraction."<sup>2</sup>However, this deficit can easily be overcome by the application of the long-known and remarkably simple principle of point counting, allowing area determination with astonishing accuracy. In this field of application, ie, area determination, point-counting methods with appropriately spaced grids are clearly superior to automatic and semiautomatic methods.<sup>3</sup> As indicated earlier concerning the determination of nevus size,<sup>4</sup>points, such as those represented by the crossover points of a lattice grid, allow rapid area determination. Besides the
An optical CDMA system based on spectral encoding of LED (1993)

A optical code-division multiple access (CDMA) system based on amplitude spectral encoding of low-cost broadband sources such as light-emitting diodes is presented. The proposed system uses a standard nondispersive lens-grating apparatus and simple direct-detection receivers. It is shown that by assigning to N subscribers the N cycles shifts of a single unipolar m-sequence of period N, complete orthogonality between the users can be achieved, provided that the spectrum is properly equalized. It is also shown that without any equalization, and for N=511, up to 200 users can transmit asynchronously with an average error probability equal to 10/sup -9/, depending on the received power level. An aggregate network throughput of 100 Gb/s can therefore be obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on the preparation of alumina supported on carbon nanotubes and defluorination from absorbed water (2003)

A novel material for fluoride removal, alumina supported on carbon nanotubes (Al2O3/CNT), was prepared from carbon nanotubes and aluminium nitrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra demonstrate that alumina was amorphous at calcination temperature lower than 850 degreesC while it was alpha-Al2O3 at 1 050 degreesC. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) images showed that the CNT and alumina were homogenously mixed. Furthermore, the fluoride adsorption behavior on the surface of Al2O3/CNT was investigated. The results indicated that Al2O3/CNT had a high adsorption capacity. The fluoride adsorption capacity of the Al2O3/CNT, which was prepared under the conditions of 450 degreesC calcination temperature and 30% Al2O3 supported, was 2.0similar to3.5 times that of gamma-Al2O3 and almost equals to that of IRA-410 polymeric resin. The adsorption isotherms of fluoride on Al2O3/CNT fit the Freundlich equation well, and optimal pH ranging from 5.0 to 9.0.
47.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Highly Robust Flexible AMOLED Display on Plastic Substrate with New Structure (2010)

Abstract A new flexible TFT backplane structure with improved mechanical reliability has been fabricated on a plastic substrate using amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors. The panel withstood 10,000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 5 mm without any noticeable TFT degradation. After the bending test, change of V th , mobility, sub‐threshold slope, and gate leakage current were only −0.10V, −0.11cm 2 /V‐s, 0.01V/decade, and −1.03×10‐ −12 A, respectively. No line defects, dark spots, or bright spots appeared after 10K bending cycles at a bend radius of 10 mm.
How modern techniques improve seismic interpretation (1994)

Reflection seismology was first applied to hydrocarbon exploration in the 1920s and today is an integral part of oil and gas business. As technology evolves, more information is derived from seismic and used in many interpretation modes. Interpreter demands are also becoming greater as more data of higher quality is available for incorporation into integrated interpretation. Part 1 of this article describes the planning involved for seismic surveys, along with current methods and equipment used for acquisition, processing, display and interpretation of seismic data. Major points covered include: interpretation objectives; seismic acquisition, processing and display; structural interpretation organization and procedure.
Metal-binding, nucleic acid-binding finger sequences in the CDC16 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1987)

The CDC16 gene is involved in the process of chromosome segregation in mitosis and a cdc16ts mutant accumulates the predominant microtubule-associated protein at the nonpermissive temperature. We find that the CDC16 gene open reading frame (ORF) is capable of encoding a protein whose calculated molecular weight and pI are 94,967 and 6.60, respectively. This hypothetical protein contains 16 cysteine residues; five are clustered at the N-terminal, 4 are placed about 3 residues apart in the middle of the peptide, and 3 are located close to the C-terminal. Each of these could form a metal-binding, nucleic acid-binding domain, suggesting this protein acts either as a repressor of the microtubule-associated protein gene or as a component necessary for spindle elongation, possibly interacting with the DNA. The start of the CDC16 ORF is only 95 bp downstream from the end of the MAK11 ORF. In this region there are two TATA boxes in tandem, but there is no room for a UAS or other regulatory sequences. An ATG is present 5 bp upstream of the start of the large ORF. Its frame terminates after only two amino acids.
Fibronectin in Formation and Degradation of the Pericellular Matrix (1985)

Fibronectin is a large multifunctional glycoprotein present both in soluble form in plasma and other body fluids and in an insoluble form in interstitial connective tissues and in association with most basement membranes. The protein seems to provide a link between circulating body fluids, cell surfaces and the extracellular matrix. At sites of injury, fibronectin, covalently cross-linked to the fibrin clot, may provide a growth substratum for the invading cells and appears through its multiple interactions with other matrix components and cell surfaces to be involved in the organization of the matrix that will replace the clot. Fibronectin deposition may serve as a useful early marker for connective tissue formation in pathological processes and its fragmentation may serve as an indicator of pathological conditions involving proteolytic events.