gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Thermal Management through Task Scheduling (2008)

The evolution of microprocessors has been hindered by their increasing power consumption and the heat generation speed on-die. High temperature impairs the processor's reliability and reduces its lifetime. While hardware level dynamic thermal management (DTM) techniques, such as voltage and frequency scaling, can effectively lower the chip temperature when it surpasses the thermal threshold, they inevitably come at the cost of performance degradation. We propose an OS level technique that performs thermal- aware job scheduling to reduce the number of thermal trespasses. Our scheduler reduces the amount of hardware DTMs and achieves higher performance while keeping the temperature low. Our methods leverage the natural discrepancies in thermal behavior among different workloads, and schedule them to keep the chip temperature below a given budget. We develop a heuristic algorithm based on the observation that there is a difference in the resulting temperature when a hot and a cool job are executed in a different order. To evaluate our scheduling algorithms, we developed a lightweight runtime temperature monitor to enable informed scheduling decisions. We have implemented our scheduling algorithm and the entire temperature monitoring framework in the Linux kernel. Our proposed scheduler can remove 10.5-73.6% of the hardware DTMs in various combinations of workloads in a medium thermal environment. As a result, the CPU throughput was improved by up to 7.6% (4.1% on average) even under a severe thermal environment.
Approaches to the Genetics of Affective Disorders (1993)

Affective (mood) disorders are common. There are several methodological impediments to genetic studies of affective disorders, including uncertainties about the best definition of disease phenotype, difficulties in the assessment of lifetime diagnosis and variable age of onset of illness. Despite these difficulties, family, twin and adoption studies provide compelling evidence for the existence of important genetic factors in determining susceptibility to affective disorders. However, the mode of inheritance is unknown. Simple mendelian inheritance may occur in some families but cannot explain the majority of cases. With the advent of polymorphic DNA markers, linkage and association studies have become more useful methods for the genetic analysis of complex disorders such as affective illness. No consistent finding has yet emerged, although chromosomal region 11p15 (and to a lesser extent Xq28) are of continuing interest. In addition to further study of these regions it will also be necessary to look for susceptibility loci in other parts of the genome. Large samples will almost certainly be required. If susceptibility loci of major effect exist then linkage approaches will find them. However, if there are only loci of small effect, then association approaches will be necessary. At present, it seems prudent to pursue both linkage and association approaches together.
Remote plasma assisted growth of graphene films (2010)

Single and multiple layers of graphene films were grown on (111) oriented single crystals of nickel and polycrystalline nickel films using remote plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition. Remote plasma was employed to eliminate the effect of the plasma electrical field on the orientation of the grown graphene films, as well as to reduce the growth temperature compared to conventional chemical vapor deposition. The electrical and optical properties, including high resolution transmission electron microscopy of these films, suggest that this approach is both versatile and scalable for potential large area optoelectronic applications.
Resveratrol Prevents Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats (2009)

Proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation promotes the development of pulmonary hypertension. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects in the systemic circulation, but its effects on pulmonary arteries remain poorly defined. The present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of resveratrol to prevent pulmonary hypertension. Rats injected with monocrotaline progressively developed pulmonary hypertension. Resveratrol treatment (25 mg/kg per day, PO, from day 1 postmonocrotaline) attenuated right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary arterial remodeling, decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1beta, interleukin 6, and platelet-derived growth factor-alpha/beta), and limited leukocyte infiltration in the lung. Resveratrol also inhibited proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Treatment of rats with resveratrol increased expression of endothelial NO synthase, decreased oxidative stress, and improved endothelial function in small pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary hypertension was associated with an upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase in small pulmonary arteries, which was significantly attenuated by resveratrol treatment. Our studies show that resveratrol exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative effects in the pulmonary arteries, which may contribute to the prevention of pulmonary hypertension.
The dying patient. (1987)

The dying patient experiences extraordinary emotional stress, as do the family and physician. Their distress is compounded by the fact that members of our society are poorly prepared to deal with death. The defenses that individuals mobilize to deal with their death-anxiety are often maladaptive. The psychiatrist, through the use of understanding of psycho-dynamics, can help herself or himself and then others in responding adaptively to the dying patient. Most medical schools all but ignore death education, despite the clear relevance of such teaching to their students. Psychiatric educators have a role to play in developing and implementing the psychological study of terminal illness in medical schools.
Human cytochrome P-450PA (P-450IA2), the phenacetin O-deethylase, is primarily responsible for the hepatic 3-demethylation of caffeine and N-oxidation of carcinogenic arylamines. (1989)

Aromatic amines are well known as occupational carcinogens and are found in cooked foods, tobacco smoke, synthetic fuels, and agricultural chemicals. For the primary arylamines, metabolic N-oxidation by hepatic cytochromes P-450 is generally regarded as an initial activation step leading to carcinogenesis. The metabolic activation of 4-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine, and several heterocyclic amines has been shown recently to be catalyzed by rat cytochrome P-450ISF-G and by its human ortholog, cytochrome P-450PA. We now report that human hepatic microsomal caffeine 3-demethylation, the initial major step in caffeine biotransformation in humans, is selectively catalyzed by cytochrome P-450PA. Caffeine 3-demethylation was highly correlated with 4-aminobiphenyl N-oxidation (r = 0.99; P less than 0.0005) in hepatic microsomal preparations obtained from 22 human organ donors, and both activities were similarly decreased by the selective inhibitor, 7,8-benzoflavone. The rates of microsomal caffeine 3-demethylation, 4-aminobiphenyl N-oxidation, and phenacetin O-deethylation were also significantly correlated with each other and with the levels of immunoreactive human cytochrome P-450PA. Moreover, a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised to human cytochrome P-450PA was shown to inhibit strongly all three of these activities and to inhibit the N-oxidation of the carcinogen 2-naphthylamine and the heterocyclic amines, 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido-[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoline. Human liver cytochrome P-450PA was also shown to catalyze caffeine 3-demethylation, 4-aminobiphenyl N-oxidation, and phenacetin O-deethylation. Thus, estimation of caffeine 3-demethylation activity in humans may be useful in the characterization of arylamine N-oxidation phenotypes and in the assessment of whether or not the hepatic levels of cytochrome P-450PA, as affected by environmental or genetic factors, contribute to interindividual differences in susceptibility to arylamine-induced cancers.
Effective activation method with A23187 and puromycin to produce haploid parthenogenones from freshly ovulated mouse oocytes (2000)

Freshly ovulated mouse oocytes exposed to 5 mM calcium ionophore A23187 for 5 min and controls (not exposed) were cultured in TYH medium with 10 microg/ml puromycin (the puromycin group) or 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (DMAP; the DMAP group) for 4 h. Among the controls, few oocytes were activated even if they were treated with DMAP or puromycin. In the oocytes exposed to A23187, in contrast, the activation rate, i.e. the rate of oocytes showing at least one pronucleus (PN) after the treatment, was 46.2% (48/104) in the DMAP group and 90.0% (118/131) in the puromycin group. Activation rate in the puromycin group was significantly higher than in the DMAP and control groups (p < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, 82.4% (108/131) of the activated oocytes in the puromycin group showed one PN with extrusion of the second polar body (PB). In the puromycin group, the DNA content of the PN of parthenogenones with 1PN2PB was half that of a set of metaphase II chromosomes. Chromosomal analysis was possible in 14 parthenogenones with 1PN2PB in the puromycin group. The parthenogenones possessed a normal set (n = 20) of haploid chromosomes. The combination of A23187 and puromycin proved to be an effective method of producing haploid parthenogenones.
New Oxygenated <i>Cephalotaxus</i> Alkaloids from <i>Cephalotaxus harringtonia</i> var. <i>drupacea</i> (1996)

Three oxygenated cephalotaxine ester-type alkaloids, 11α-hydroxyhomodeoxyharringtonine (1), 11β-hydroxyhomodeoxyharringtonine (2) and 11β-hydroxydeoxyharringtonine (3) were isolated from Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. drupacea. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR and CD spectra, and their antileukemic activity was evaluated using P-388 leukemia cells.
Sequence determinants of breakpoint location during HIV-1 intersubtype recombination (2006)

Retroviral recombination results from strand switching, during reverse transcription, between the two copies of genomic RNA present in the virus. We analysed recombination in part of the envelope gene, between HIV-1 subtype A and D strains. After a single infection cycle, breakpoints clustered in regions corresponding to the constant portions of Env. With some exceptions, a similar distribution was observed after multiple infection cycles, and among recombinant sequences in the HIV Sequence Database. We compared the experimental data with computer simulations made using a program that only allows recombination to occur whenever an identical base is present in the aligned parental RNAs. Experimental recombination was more frequent than expected on the basis of simulated recombination when, in a region spanning 40 nt from the 5' border of a breakpoint, no more than two discordant bases between the parental RNAs were present. When these requirements were not fulfilled, breakpoints were distributed randomly along the RNA, closer to the distribution predicted by computer simulation. A significant preference for recombination was also observed for regions containing homopolymeric stretches. These results define, for the first time, local sequence determinants for recombination between divergent HIV-1 isolates.
A Vehicle Simulator for an Efficient Electronic and Electrical Architecture Design (2013)

The boom in the number of active safety functions and driver assistance systems during the last several years has made vehicle design more and more difficult. To support the early development process, particularly the design of electronic and electric architectures, the capability to simulate and compute complete vehicle behavior is critically important and useful. This paper presents such a simulator, which consists of key components such as the drivetrain and controller subsystems. Then, after having presented the generic structure of a driver assistance system, concrete use cases of this simulator are given, which assess vehicle performance according to different functional and hardware architectures.
High molecular weight kininogen inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and cleavage of aggregin by inhibiting binding of thrombin to platelets (1991)

In this study we show that high molecular weight kininogen (HK) inhibited alpha-thrombin-induced aggregation of human platelets in a dose-dependent manner with complete inhibition occurring at plasma concentration (0.67 mumol/L) of HK. HK (0.67 mumol/L) also completely inhibited thrombin-induced cleavage of aggregin (Mr = 100 Kd), a surface membrane protein that mediates adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- induced shape change, aggregation, and fibrinogen binding. The inhibition of HK was specific for alpha- and gamma-thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, because HK did not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, calcium ionophore (A23187), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), PMA + A23187, or 9,11-methano derivative of prostaglandin H2 (U46619). These effects were explained by the ability of HK, at physiologic concentration, to completely inhibit binding of 125I-alpha-thrombin to washed platelets. As a result of this action of HK, this plasma protein also completely inhibited thrombin-induced secretion of adenosine triphosphate, blocked intracellular rise in Ca2+ in platelets exposed to alpha- and gamma-thrombin, inhibited thrombin- induced platelet shape change, and blocked the ability of thrombin to antagonize the increase in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels induced by iloprost. Because elevation of cAMP is known to inhibit binding of thrombin to platelets, we established that HK did not increase the intracellular concentration of platelet cAMP. Finally, HK did not inhibit enzymatic activity of thrombin. To study the role of HK in the plasma environment, we used gamma-thrombin to avoid fibrin formation by alpha-thrombin. Platelet aggregation induced by gamma- thrombin was also inhibited by HK in a dose-dependent manner. The EC50 (concentration to produce 50% of the maximum rate of aggregation) of gamma-thrombin for washed platelets was 7 nmol/L and increased to 102 nmol/L when platelets were suspended in normal human plasma. The EC50 for platelet aggregation induced by alpha-thrombin in plasma deficient in total kininogen was 40 nmol/L. When supplemented with HK at plasma concentration (0.67 mumol/L), the EC50 increased to 90 nmol/L, a value similar to that for normal human plasma. These results indicate that (1) HK inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and cleavage of aggregin by inhibiting binding of thrombin to platelets; (2) HK is a specific inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by alpha- and gamma- thrombin; and (3) HK plays a role in modulating platelet aggregation stimulated by alpha-thrombin in plasma.
Homography normalization for robust gaze estimation in uncalibrated setups (2010)

Homography normalization is presented as a novel gaze estimation method for uncalibrated setups. The method applies when head movements are present but without any requirements to camera calibration or geometric calibration. The method is geometrically and empirically demonstrated to be robust to head pose changes and despite being less constrained than cross-ratio methods, it consistently performs favorably by several degrees on both simulated data and data from physical setups. The physical setups include the use of off-the-shelf web cameras with infrared light (night vision) and standard cameras with and without infrared light. The benefits of homography normalization and uncalibrated setups in general are also demonstrated through obtaining gaze estimates (in the visible spectrum) using only the screen reflections on the cornea.
Stabilization of human brain natriuretic peptide in blood samples (1994)

Journal Article Stabilization of human brain natriuretic peptide in blood samples Get access T Tsuji, T Tsuji Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Imagawa, K Imagawa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H Masuda, H Masuda Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Haraikawa, M Haraikawa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Shibata, K Shibata Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Kono, M Kono Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Inouye, K Inouye Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Uchida K Uchida Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 4, 1 April 1994, Pages 672–673, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.4.672 Published: 01 April 1994
SURFACE WAVE METHOD (1967)

THE SURFACE WAVE METHOD IS BEING DEVELOPED AS A NON- DESTRUCTIVE MEANS OF MEASURING THE ELASTIC PROPERTIES, AND WHERE POSSIBLE, THE THICKNESS, OF THE VARIOUS LAYERS OF A ROAD. CONTINUOUS VIBRATIONS ARE GENERATED AT THE ROAD SURFACE, AND MEASUREMENTS ARE MADE OF THE WAVELENGTHS AND VELOCITY OF THE WAVES WHICH TRAVEL ALONG THE ROAD SURFACE. THE MEASUREMENTS ARE USUALLY MADE AT A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC FREQUENCIES TO DERIVE THE EXPERIMENTAL DISPERSION CURVE, I.E., RELATION BETWEEN THE MEASURED VELOCITY AND WAVELENGTH, WHICH IS SUBSEQUENTLY ANALYZED TO OBTAIN THE REQUIRED INFORMATION. WORK IN PROGRESS AT THE ROAD RESEARCH LABORATORY, ENGLAND, ON SOME ASPECTS OF THE METHOD IS DESCRIBED. THE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE EMPLOYS FREQUENCIES WITHIN THE RANGE OF 25 C/S TO 30,000 C/S AND EMPHASIS IS PLACED UPON MANUAL AND COMPUTER AIDS USED TO DERIVE THE EXPERIMENTAL DISPERSION CURVES FROM THE INITIAL DATA. RECENT WORK ON THE BASIC THEORY INDICATES HOW THEORETICAL DISPERSION CURVES CAN BE CALCULATED FOR MOST TYPES OF ROAD STRUCTURE. TO PROVIDE AN ADEQUATE CHECK ON THE THEORY, MODELS OF ROADS ARE BEING TESTED. USING THE SURFACE WAVE METHOD, THE THICKNESS, ELASTIC PROPERTIES AND STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE AND CEMENT-BOUND LAYERS HAVE BEEN DERIVED, AND A MODIFIED TECHNIQUE USING ONE FREQUENCY ONLY HAS BEEN DEVELOPED FOR STUDYING VARIATIONS OF QUALITY OF CEMENTED ROAD LAYERS.
Obesity and Female Gender Increase Breath Ethanol Concentration: Potential Implications for The Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2001)

Higher breath ethanol concentrations are observed in obese subjects than in leaner ones. It is possible that intestinally derived ethanol may contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH.
A User Interface to a True 3-D Display Device (1992)

This thesis describes an interactive interface to a true three dimensional, real-dm dynamic graphic display, the TI Omniview. The system generates true 3-D images of volumetric data and objects. The TI Omniview is a cylindrical volumetric laser display that uses a rotating double-helix translucent disk to fill the display cylinder. Voxels are illuminated on the 2-D surface. The rotational speed of the disk allows the viewer to fuse the 2-D images into a true 3-D image. The interface provides the user with a quick and flexible means of manipulating the image generated, the sub-volume displayed, and the resulting 3-D image. The interface provides the user with the flexibility and convenience that a window, icon, mouse, and pointer graphical user interface provides to users of 2-D displays. Limitations of the device, however, do not allow the use of icons and pointers in the Omniview display. Instead a combination of voice commands, a joystick, and a 2-D menu system running on a host computer is used to provide the interface. This interface allows the user to select objects and scenes, but does not allow manipulation, such as rotation or placement, of individual objects.
Silicon Carbide Composite Fabrication and Mechanical and Thermal Performance for Nuclear Reactor Applications (2012)

Chemical vapor infiltrated (CVI) silicon carbide fiber reinforced-silicon carbide matrix (SiC-SiC) composite is a relatively new material and has come under increased scrutiny as an attractive material for nuclear applications. In these materials, the interplay between fiber and matrix leads to enhanced fracture toughness. However, due to the inherent directionality of the fibers, under-standing the mechanical and thermal performance is complex and requires careful characterization. At General Atomics, a laboratory has been established to develop these materials for a range of applications, in particular for the Energy Multiplier Module (EM2), which is a gas-cooled fast reactor.In this paper, the program of work that is being undertaken to fabricate and characterize SiC matrix com-posites is discussed. For mechanical testing, specialized fixtures have been developed to hold the thin ceramic composite specimens. For thermal testing, the purge gas species and flow rate have been identified as important parameters. Initial results on planar samples have been performed on SiC-SiC samples and hot pressed SiC samples.
Effects of Regional Temperature on Electric Vehicle Efficiency, Range, and Emissions in the United States (2015)

We characterize the effect of regional temperature differences on battery electric vehicle (BEV) efficiency, range, and use-phase power plant CO2 emissions in the U.S. The efficiency of a BEV varies with ambient temperature due to battery efficiency and cabin climate control. We find that annual energy consumption of BEVs can increase by an average of 15% in the Upper Midwest or in the Southwest compared to the Pacific Coast due to temperature differences. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from BEVs vary primarily with marginal regional grid mix, which has three times the GHG intensity in the Upper Midwest as on the Pacific Coast. However, even within a grid region, BEV emissions vary by up to 22% due to spatial and temporal ambient temperature variation and its implications for vehicle efficiency and charging duration and timing. Cold climate regions also encounter days with substantial reduction in EV range: the average range of a Nissan Leaf on the coldest day of the year drops from 70 miles on the Pacific Coast to less than 45 miles in the Upper Midwest. These regional differences are large enough to affect adoption patterns and energy and environmental implications of BEVs relative to alternatives.
Peptide‐<scp>MHC</scp> class I stability is a better predictor than peptide affinity of <scp>CTL</scp> immunogenicity (2012)

Efficient presentation of peptide-MHC class I (pMHC-I) complexes to immune T cells should benefit from a stable peptide-MHC-I interaction. However, it has been difficult to distinguish stability from other requirements for MHC-I binding, for example, affinity. We have recently established a high-throughput assay for pMHC-I stability. Here, we have generated a large database containing stability measurements of pMHC-I complexes, and re-examined a previously reported unbiased analysis of the relative contributions of antigen processing and presentation in defining cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunogenicity [Assarsson et al., J. Immunol. 2007. 178: 7890-7901]. Using an affinity-balanced approach, we demonstrated that immunogenic peptides tend to be more stably bound to MHC-I molecules compared with nonimmunogenic peptides. We also developed a bioinformatics method to predict pMHC-I stability, which suggested that 30% of the nonimmunogenic binders hitherto classified as "holes in the T-cell repertoire" can be explained as being unstably bound to MHC-I. Finally, we suggest that nonoptimal anchor residues in position 2 of the peptide are particularly prone to cause unstable interactions with MHC-I. We conclude that the availability of accurate predictors of pMHC-I stability might be helpful in the elucidation of MHC-I restricted antigen presentation, and might be instrumental in future search strategies for MHC-I epitopes.