gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging of uncoated tobacco mosaic virus by scanning tunneling microscopy (1994)

Uncoated tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) can reliably be imaged in humid air (relative humidity above 30%) at relatively high voltages (typically 7 to 10 V) and at very low currents (typically 0.1 to 0.5 pA). Imaging works best with tips that show a small dependence of working distance on tunneling voltage. With such tips, a thickness of the virus of 10 nm and more is measured. When using tips of unsuitable characteristics, heights much smaller than 10 nm and even negative values are found. From these observations, a voltage drop over the TMV on the order of volts can be deduced, which depends on tunneling current and humidity.
Enabling distributed enterprise integration with WebSphere and DB2 Information Integrator (2004)

Information technology architects increasingly find themselves searching for better ways to access, integrate, and leverage their information, applications, and business processes. Information integration, in particular, is critical to the community of Web-based businesses, as firms that are able to leverage their information resources most effectively are best positioned to emerge as leaders in their industries. In this paper, we explore how companies can solve this complex business challenge by extending the reach of WebSphere® technology with DB2® Information Integrator (II). DB2 II offers WebSphere developers a new approach to coping with diverse and distributed information sources, enabling them to reduce programming costs, shorten development cycles, and attain reasonable levels of performance for server-side components that need to integrate information throughout their enterprises and partner networks.
Synthesis of 2,5-dialkoxy-1,4-diphosphoniacyclohexane salts (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2,5-dialkoxy-1,4-diphosphoniacyclohexane saltsKeith C. Hansen, Connie H. Wright, Adam M. Aguiar, Cary J. Morrow, R. M. Turkel, and Norman S. BhaccaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 8, 2820–2822Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00833a082https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00833a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using AI planning and late binding for managing service workflows in intelligent environments (2011)

In this paper, we present an approach to aggregating and using devices that support the everyday life of human users in ambient intelligence environments. These execution environments are complex and changing over time, since the devices of the environments are numerous and heterogeneous, and they may appear or disappear at any time. In order to appropriately adapt the ambient system to a user's needs, we adopt a service-oriented approach; i.e., devices provide services that reflect their capabilities. The orchestration of the devices is actually realized with the help of Artificial Intelligence planning techniques and dynamic service binding. At design time, (i) a planning problem is created that consists of the user's goal to be achieved and the services currently offered by the intelligent environment, (ii) the planning problem is then solved using Hierarchical Task Network and Partial-Order Causal-Link planning techniques, (iii) and from the planning decisions taken to find solution plans, abstract service workflows are automatically generated. At run time, the abstract services are dynamically bound to devices that are actually present in the environment. Adaptation of the workflow instantiation is possible due to the late binding mechanism employed. The paper depicts the architecture of our system. It also describes the modeling and the life cycle of the workflows. We discuss the advantages and the limit of our approach with respect to related work and give specific details about implementation. We present some experimental results that validate our system in a real-world application scenario.
High speed circuit with bulk accumulation mode a-IGZO TFTs (2014)

We demonstrate that the use of dual-gate (DG) back-channel-etched amorphous-indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with channel length of 6 μm and a top-gate offset structure enhances the switching speed of a-IGZO TFT-based circuits. Taking advantage of bulk-accumulation, DG a-IGZO TFTs with top- and bottom-gates physically tied together (DG-driving) achieve high ON-current of ∼1 mA at V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</inf> of 10 V, small sub-threshold voltage swing of 156 mV/dec and near zero-volt turn on voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</inf> ). The fabricated DG-driven 7-stage ring oscillator (RO) exhibits an oscillating frequency of 3.7 MHz at a supply voltage of 20 V.
Large-Scale Production of Petromyzonol Sulfate From Lamprey Liver Cell Cultures and Culture of Sea Lamprey Pituitary Cells (2000)

1 Project completion reports of Commission-sponsored research are made available to the Commission’s Cooperators in the interest of rapid dissemination of information that may be useful in Great Lakes fishery management, research, or administration. The reader should be aware that project completion reports have not been through a peer review process and that sponsorship of the project by the Commission does not necessarily imply that the findings or conclusions are endorsed by the Commission. Final Report Large-scale production of petromyzonol sulfate from lamprey liver cell cultures and culture of sea lamprey pituitary cells
백반증 환자의 HLA 항원 및 면역학적 검사 (1984)

Although vitiligo is a common disorder with well-known clinical features, its etiology is 
still vague. It has been suggested that immunologic 
factors are important in the pathophysiology of vitiligo. And the association of HLA antigens with vitiligo has been reported. Authors examined HLA phenotypes in thirty-nine patients, T lymphocytes in 
thirty- three patients, B lymphocytes in thirty-one patients, and quantitation of IgG, IgA, IgM and IEP(immunoelectrophoresis) in twenty-five patients with vitiligo in this study. T3 and T4 were investigated in twelve patients, CBC in thirty-nine and urinalysis in thirty-five patients with vitiligo for screening of associated diseases ; thyroid disease, anemia and diabetes mellitus. The results are as follows; The frequency of HLA A9, Bw15 and Bw22 was significantly decreased in vitiligo patients compared to control group(p=0. 003, 0. 02, 0. OR) 2. There were no significant differences in the 
results of total and active lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in vitiligo patients compared 
to the control group. The results of quantitation of IgG, IgA, IgM and IEP showed within normal lirnits except one, an increased IgG, 2,200rng/100ml (normal: 500 1,500) and polyclonal gammopathy. 4. Among twelve vitiligo patients, one showed increased TR, 355ng/100ml (normal: 80 220) and T4, 17. 3pg/100ml (normal: 5 13). 5. CBC and 
urinalysis were within normal limits in all patients.
Fiber distribution for 80 compressed digital video channels using differential QPSK (2002)

Tests of the carrier-to-nonlinear-distortion (C/NLD) are performed on a Fabry-Perot (F-P) laser. For the C/NLD levels necessary for digital transmission on subcarriers, the distortion is dominated by clipping and matches that of expensive, highly linear distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Using an F-P laser, the equivalent of 80 compressed MPEG digital video channels is transmitted on 20 subcarriers with 6 MHz channel spacing using differential quadrature-phase-shift-keyed (DQPSK) modulation and a simple delay-line demodulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Programmed cell death in the nematode C. elegans. (1999)

Programmed cell death is a common feature during animal development. In the nematode C. elegans, more than 12 genes have been identified that function in the apoptotic killing and elimination of 131 of the 1090 cells that are generated during hermaphrodite development. These genes divide the process of programmed cell death into three distinct steps: execution of the death sentence; engulfment of dying cells; and degradation of dead, engulfed cells. Biochemical characterization of the genes in this pathway has led to the identification of an apoptotic machinery that mediates apoptotic death in this species. The proximal cause of apoptosis in C. elegans is the activation of the caspase homolog CED-3 from the inactive zymogen (proCED-3) into the mature protease. This activation is mediated by the Apaf-1 homolog CED-4. In cells that should survive, CED-3 and CED-4 pro-apoptotic activity is antagonized by the Bcl-2 family member CED-9. CED-9 has been proposed to prevent death by sequestering CED-4 and proCED-3 in an inactive ternary complex, the apoptosome. In cells fated to die, CED-9 is, in turn, inactivated by the pro-apoptotic BH3 domain-containing protein EGL-1, likely through a direct protein-protein interaction. The structural and functional conservation of cell death genes between nematodes and mammals strongly suggests that the apoptotic program is ancient in origin and that all metazoans share a common mechanism of apoptotic cell killing.
Keratoprosthesis. Results, complications, and management. (1982)

Thirty-one cases of keratoprosthesis were followed for periods of from 1 to 84 months (average 35 months). The Cardona through-and-through device was implanted, covered with periosteum, and exteriorized through an opening in the upper lid. Visual results varied from 20/20 (1 of 31 cases) to counting fingers (5 of 31 cases). While 12 of the 31 cases achieved 20/40 or better at some point in the postoperative course, only 5 of 31 maintained this level of acuity over a long-term period. Severe complications included retroprosthetic membrane (18 out of 31), vitreitis (7 out of 31), dislocation (5 out of 31), extrusion (3 out of 31), and endophthalmitis (5 out of 31). Fifteen of the 31 patients required subsequent surgical revision. Despite the frequency and severity of complications, 17 out of 31 patients achieved sufficient improvement in visual acuity to enable them to function without assistance for periods of 1 to 7 years.
Any reasonable cost function can be used for a posteriori probability approximation (2002)

In this paper, we provide a straightforward proof of an important, but nevertheless little known, result obtained by Lindley in the framework of subjective probability theory. This result, once interpreted in the machine learning/pattern recognition context, puts new light on the probabilistic interpretation of the output of a trained classifier. A learning machine, or more generally a model, is usually trained by minimizing a criterion-the expectation of the cost function-measuring the discrepancy between the model output and the desired output. In this letter, we first show that, for the binary classification case, training the model with any "reasonable cost function" can lead to Bayesian a posteriori probability estimation. Indeed, after having trained the model by minimizing the criterion, there always exists a computable transformation that maps the output of the model to the Bayesian a posteriori probability of the class membership given the input. Then, necessary conditions allowing the computation of the transformation mapping the outputs of the model to the a posteriori probabilities are derived for the multioutput case. Finally, these theoretical results are illustrated through some simulation examples involving various cost functions.
Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Overcomes NK Cell Resistance in <i>MLL</i> -Rearranged Leukemia Expressing Inhibitory KIR Ligands but Not Activating Ligands (2012)

Our data support the use of a triple immunotherapy approach, including an antibody directed against tumor-associated antigen, KIR-mismatched NK cell transplantation, and inhibitory KIR blockade, for the treatment of NK cell-resistant MLL-rearranged leukemias.
Methoden der Energiezufuhr für endotherme Gasreaktionen bei hohen Temperaturen (1953)

Abstract Die übliche Methode der Energiezufuhr bei endothermen Reaktionen, Wärmezufuhr durch die Gefäßwand, hat ihre Grenze in der Standfestigkeit von metallischem Material (800‐900°C). Temperaturbeständigeres keramisches Material hat nur in Sonderfällen technische Bedeutung erlangt. Die erste Lösung der Aufgabe beruht darauf, daß Wärme zunächst bei hoher Temperatur in Steinen gespeichert wird und diese Wärme dann in direktem Wärmetausch auf das Reaktionsgemisch übertragen wird. Wenn die Steine fest angeordnet sind, kommt man zum periodischen Betrieb von Wärmespeichern. Beispiele: Cowper‐Verfahren zur Erzeugung von CO + H 2 aus CH 4 + H 2 0, Pebble stove des Wulffprozesses zur Erzeugung von C 2 H 2 aus CH 4 . Vorteile: Möglichkeit der Verwendung billiger Wärmequellen. Nachteile: periodischer Betrieb, bei großer Reaktionsenthalpie großes Speichervolumen und kleine Perioden. Führt man einen Kreislauf der Wärmesteine ein (pebble heater), so erhält man einen kontinuierlichen Betrieb, aber bei großer Reaktionsenthalpie einen großen Umlauf an Wärmesteinen. Beispiel: thermisches Kracken. Die zweite Lösung führt die Reaktionswärme elektrisch zu. Beispiel: Lichtbogenverfahren zur Erzeugung von C 2 H 2 aus CH 4 . Vorteil: Sehr großer Energieumsatz pro Volumen. Nachteil: Verwendung sehr hochwertiger Energie. Das Verfahren ist daher auf Standorte mit billiger elektrischer Energie und auf die Erzeugung hochwertiger Produkte beschränkt. Bei der dritten Methode wird die Reaktionsenthalpie der endothermen Reaktion durch Kopplung mit einer exothermen Reaktion gedeckt. Im einfachsten Fall läßt man in dem Ausgangsgemisch zunächst die exotherme Reaktion ablaufen. Die Endprodukte der exothermen Reaktion besitzen dann eine so hohe Temperatur, daß die nachgeschaltete endotherme Reaktion adiabatisch verlaufen kann. Beispiel: Erzeugung von CO + H 2 aus CH 4 und O 2 in zwei Schritten. Kommt es auf die Gewinnung kurzlebiger Zwischenprodukte an, so läßt man zweckmäßig die exotherme und die endotherme Reaktion gleichzeitig verlaufen, um definierte Verweilzeiten für das Zwischenprodukt zu erhalten. Vorteil: kontinuierlicher Betrieb, große Raumzeitausbeute. Nachteil: Wenn die Endprodukte der exothermen Reaktion verschieden sind von den Endprodukten der endothermen Reaktion, so erhält man eine Verdünnung des gewünschten Endproduktes und eine Kopplung zweier Produktionen.
Synthesis and characterization of a branched-chain hexacarbene in a tridecet ground state. An approach to superparamagnetic polycarbenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of a branched-chain hexacarbene in a tridecet ground state. An approach to superparamagnetic polycarbenesNobuo Nakamura, Katsuya Inoue, Hiizu Iwamura, Toshio Fujioka, and Yasuhiko SawakiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4, 1484–1485Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00030a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00030a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lettuce Leaves and Letters (1954)

Sleepy girls crash head-on In the dark morning. Toothpaste and wet wash-rags - It's too early to laugh...
Characteristics Common to Choleretic Increments of Bile Induced by Theophylline, Glucagon and SQ-20009 in the dog (1975)

Theophylline, glucagon, and SQ-20009 induce a choleresis in the dog characterized by a proportionate increase in erythritol clearance and bile flow, no increase in bile salt excretion, and by an isosmotic solution of similar electrolyte composition. The increment in bile appears to originate at the canaliculus in response to increased cyclic-AMP.
Evidence for oxygen use in preterm infants (2012)

Preterm infants should be resuscitated with blended oxygen (30-90%) targeted to avoid hyperoxia. Later, saturation management remains uncertain. Until ongoing trials and follow-up are complete, it is prudent to avoid saturation of 85-89%.
Autoinducer 2 Controls Biofilm Formation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> through a Novel Motility Quorum-Sensing Regulator (MqsR, B3022) (2005)

The cross-species bacterial communication signal autoinducer 2 (AI-2), produced by the purified enzymes Pfs (nucleosidase) and LuxS (terminal synthase) from S-adenosylhomocysteine, directly increased Escherichia coli biofilm mass 30-fold. Continuous-flow cells coupled with confocal microscopy corroborated these results by showing the addition of AI-2 significantly increased both biofilm mass and thickness and reduced the interstitial space between microcolonies. As expected, the addition of AI-2 to cells which lack the ability to transport AI-2 (lsr null mutant) failed to stimulate biofilm formation. Since the addition of AI-2 increased cell motility through enhanced transcription of five motility genes, we propose that AI-2 stimulates biofilm formation and alters its architecture by stimulating flagellar motion and motility. It was also found that the uncharacterized protein B3022 regulates this AI-2-mediated motility and biofilm phenotype through the two-component motility regulatory system QseBC. Deletion of b3022 abolished motility, which was restored by expressing b3022 in trans. Deletion of b3022 also decreased biofilm formation significantly, relative to the wild-type strain in three media (46 to 74%) in 96-well plates, as well as decreased biomass (8-fold) and substratum coverage (19-fold) in continuous-flow cells with minimal medium (growth rate not altered and biofilm restored by expressing b3022 in trans). Deleting b3022 changed the wild-type biofilm architecture from a thick (54-mum) complex structure to one that contained only a few microcolonies. B3022 positively regulates expression of qseBC, flhD, fliA, and motA, since deleting b3022 decreased their transcription by 61-, 25-, 2.4-, and 18-fold, respectively. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that B3022 induces crl (26-fold) and flhCD (8- to 27-fold). Adding AI-2 (6.4 muM) increased biofilm formation of wild-type K-12 MG1655 but not that of the isogenic b3022, qseBC, fliA, and motA mutants. Adding AI-2 also increased motA transcription for the wild-type strain but did not stimulate motA transcription for the b3022 and qseB mutants. Together, these results indicate AI-2 induces biofilm formation in E. coli through B3022, which then regulates QseBC and motility; hence, b3022 has been renamed the motility quorum-sensing regulator gene (the mqsR gene).
A zwitterionic polymer as a novel inhibitor of protein aggregation (2015)

We report the novel one-step synthesis of a zwitterionic polymer, polysulfobetaine, via living reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Lysozyme did not aggregate when heated in the presence of this polymer. Amyloid formation, the cause of many diseases, was also suppressed. The zwitterionic polymer was significantly more efficient than previously described inhibitors of protein aggregation. Lysozyme heated in the presence of polysulfobetaine retained its solubility and very high enzymatic efficiency, even after prolonged heating. The secondary structures of lysozyme change with increasing temperature, accompanied by an increase in the β-structure. This change was prevented by mixing the polymer with lysozyme. <sup>1</sup>H-NMR before and after aggregation revealed the conformational changes taking place in the lysozyme: during aggregation, lysozyme is transformed into a random coil conformation, thus losing its secondary structure. Presence of the polymer facilitates retention of partial higher order structures and lysozyme solubility at higher temperatures. The high efficiency of the polyampholyte was ascribed to its ability to prevent collisions between aggregating species by acting as a molecular shield.
A simple method of measuring the nasal airway in clinical work (1984)

The problem of measuring the nasal airway is discussed, and the previous literature has been reviewed. A simple method of measuring the airway and the degree of nasal obstruction has been proposed.
Retinoic acid regulates endothelial cell proliferation during vasculogenesis (2003)

A dietary deficiency of vitamin A is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities in avian and murine systems. Retinoic acid (RA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A and whether it directly regulates mammalian blood vessel formation has not been determined and is investigated herein. We used mice rendered RA-deficient via targeted deletion of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2(-/-)), the enzyme required to produce active RA in the embryo. Histological examination at E8.0-8.5, prior to cardiac function and systemic blood circulation, revealed that capillary plexi formed in Raldh2(-/-) yolk sacs and embryos, but were dilated, and not appropriately remodeled or patterned. Raldh2(-/-) endothelial cells exhibited significantly increased expression of phosphohistone 3 and decreased expression of p21 and p27, suggesting that RA is required to control endothelial cell cycle progression during early vascular development. Uncontrolled endothelial cell growth, in Raldh2(-/-) mutants, was associated with decreased endothelial cell maturation, disrupted vascular plexus remodeling and lack of later stages of vessel assembly, including mural cell differentiation. Maternally administrated RA restored endothelial cell cycle control and vascular patterning. Thus, these data indicate that RA plays a crucial role in mammalian vascular development; it is required to control endothelial cell proliferation and vascular remodeling during vasculogenesis.