gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Design Principles for Visual Acuity Letter Charts (1976)

This paper intoduces new principles for the design and use of letter charts for the measurement of visual acuity. It is advocated that the test task should be essentially the same at each size level on the chart. Such standardization of the test task requires the use of letters of equal legibility, the same number of letters on each row, and uniform between-letter and between-row spacing. It is also advocated that, combined with the test task standardization, there should be a logarithmic progression of letter size. Charts incorporating these design features have been made. These charts facilitate the use of nonstandard testing distances which might be used when there is low visual acuity, when examination room layout prevents testing at the standard distance, or when it is necessary to validate visual acuity scores or detect malingering. Adjusting the visual acuity score according to the chosen testing distance is simplified by the use of logarithmic scaling.
Gradient-Based Tone Mapping for Rate-Distortion Optimized Backward-Compatible High Dynamic Range Compression (2017)

This paper addresses the problem of designing a global tone mapping operator for rate distortion optimized backward compatible compression of high dynamic range (HDR) images. We address the problem of tone mapping design for two different use cases leading to two different minimization problems. The first problem considered is the minimization of the distortion on the reconstructed HDR signal under a rate constraint on the standard dynamic range (SDR) layer. The second problem remains the same minimization with an additional constraint to preserve a good quality for the SDR signal. Both the distortion and rate are expressed as a function of the spatial gradient in HDR images. Experiments show that the proposed rate and distortion models based on the HDR image gradient accurately predict the real image rate and distortion measures. Experimental results show that for the first minimization, the optimal rate-distortion performances are achieved, and that the second optimization yields the best tradeoff between rate-distortion performance and quality preservation of the SDR signal.
Highly stable Si-based multicomponent anodes for practical use in lithium-ion batteries (2012)

We demonstrate a simple process to synthesize silicon-based multicomponents via a high-temperature annealing of bulk silicon monoxide in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The carbon-coated Si-based anodes exhibit a highly stable cycling performance (capacity retention of 99.5% after 200 cycles) with a reversible charge capacity of 1280 mA h g−1.
Adaptive Body Bias for Reducing the Impacts of NBTI and Process Variations on 6T SRAM Cells (2011)

Reliability and variability have become big design challenges facing submicrometer SRAM designers. A low area overhead adaptive body bias (ABB) circuit is proposed in this paper to compensate for NBTI aging and process variations to improve the SRAM reliability and yield. The proposed ABB circuit consists of a threshold voltage sensing circuit and an on-chip analog controller. Postlayout simulation results, referring to an industrial hardware-calibrated STMicroelectronics 65 nm CMOS technology transistor model, are presented. The transistor model contains process variations and NBTI aging model cards, which are declared by STMicroelectronics to be silicon verified. Cadence RelXpert, Virtuoso Spectre, and Virtuoso UltraSim tools are used to estimate the NBTI aging and process variations impacts on the SRAM array. These results show that the proposed ABB compensates effectively for NBTI aging and process variations. For example, the proposed ABB reduces the read failure probability from 0.32% to 0.05% and the SNM degradation from 10.9% to 2.6% at 10 years aging time. In addition, the proposed ABB enhances the soft errors immunity of the SRAM cell by reducing the critical charge degradation from 12.7% to 3.4% at 10 years aging time.
MPEG-7 Descriptors Based Shot Detection and Adaptive Initial Quantization Parameter Estimation for the H.264/AVC (2009)

Currently no information about different shots is used in the H.264/AVC video coding standard. This kind of information can help us choose more optimally the size of the Group of Pictures (GOPs) used for encoding of video content. In this paper, we initially propose an MPEG-7 descriptor based shot detection technique with low computational cost for H.264/AVC. Then we propose an adaptive initial quantization parameter (QP) estimation method for each shot based on modeling, training according to the content of video sequences and the shot detection method of our previous step. This two step architecture can help us reduce the bit rate and PSNR fluctuation when video sequences have multiple shots. Our proposed scheme outperforms the rate control of the H.264/AVC significantly in terms of reducing the average bit rate fluctuation (variance) by 8.6%-99% and the average PSNR fluctuation (variance) by 5%-99% between shots. Experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve similar or even better Rate Distortion (R-D) performance than standard Rate Control algorithms. It is also applicable in computationally and memory restricted devices since it needs maximum 2 frames buffer space for MPEG-7 descriptor calculation, while the average amount of extra processing is only about 5.8% of the total CPU cycles.
Performance of a 1-phase buck-boost rectifier using two coupled windings and a split DC-rail output voltage (1995)

This paper examines the performance of a unity power factor AC/DC buck-boost rectifier operated with a nonisolated split DC-rail output voltage using one switch and one magnetic core. The rectifier topologies described can supply energy to both DC-rails in both half-cycles of the AC-supply and automatically compensate for a load imbalance between the upper and lower output DC rails. During a half-cycle of the AC supply, the power flow balance between the two DC-rails is affected by the per-unit winding leakage inductance. This paper uses extensive simulation and experimental results to illustrate the operation of the various circuit topologies and to determine the relationship between the half-cycle power flow imbalance to each DC-rail and the winding leakage inductance. This relationship is obtained for balanced and differential loads across the two DC rails and related to the magnitude of the leakage inductance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Murine Protein Serine/Threonine Kinase 38 Activates Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 via Thr838 Phosphorylation (2008)

Murine protein serine/threonine kinase 38 (MPK38) is a member of the AMP-activated protein kinase-related serine/threonine kinase family that plays an important role in various cellular processes, including cell cycle, signaling pathways, and self-renewal of stem cells. Here we demonstrate a functional association between MPK38 and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). The physical association between MPK38 and ASK1 was mediated through their carboxyl-terminal regulatory domains and was increased by H(2)O(2) or tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment. The use of kinase-dead MPK38 and ASK1 mutants revealed that MPK38-ASK1 complex formation was dependent on the activities of both kinases. Ectopic expression of wild-type MPK38, but not kinase-dead MPK38, stimulated ASK1 activity by Thr(838) phosphorylation and enhanced ASK1-mediated signaling to both JNK and p38 kinases. However, the phosphorylation of MKK6 and p38 by MPK38 was not detectable. In addition, MPK38-mediated ASK1 activation was induced through the increased interaction between ASK1 and its substrate MKK3. MPK38 also stimulated H(2)O(2)-mediated apoptosis by enhancing the ASK1 activity through Thr(838) phosphorylation. These results suggest that MPK38 physically interacts with ASK1 in vivo and acts as a positive upstream regulator of ASK1.
DiffStar: A Concept for Differential GPS in Northern Norway (1986)

During the Fall of 1984 A/S Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk (Kongsberg) started a project to investigate the improvement which could be obtained if GPS was used in differential mode. One of the main elements of the project was a field test employing two GPS receivers collecting data for post-processing. The reference receiver was placed at a well established geodetic reference point in central Norway, while the other receiver was moved to several places where known geodetic points existed. The results of the data analysis were very promising. When averaging over a period of some 30 minutes, 1 meter accuracy was obtained with standard deviation less than 2 meters. This was obtained with baselines up to 570 km. Even large errors in one satellite were properly accounted for. Based upon the results of this feasibility study, a project was started. The aim was to develop a real time differential GPS system by the Spring of 1986, based on a GPS receiver developed by Kongsberg. The carrier of the differential message is the Consol navigation system. Consol has been closed down as a navigation system in Northern Norway. The frequency (320 KHz) and the transmitter will be used for the differential GPS-system. The Consol system has a range capability of approximately 1000 km from the reference station. The primary user of the differential system will be the oil industry, having a high level of activity in Northern Norway as well as a requirement for high accuracy.
Memory-to-memory connection structures in FPGAs with embedded memory arrays (1997)

This paper shows that the speed of FPGAs with large embedded memory arrays can be improved by adding direct programmable connections between the memories. Nets that connect to multiple memory arrays are often difficult to route, and are often part of the critical path of circuit implementations. The memory-to-memory connection structure proposed in this paper allows for the efficient implementation of these nets, resulting in a reduction in memory access time of up to 25% and a slight improvement in routability.
Hydrogen passivation of the implantation defects in MOS structures (1984)

Abstract An a-Si:H film uas used as a hydrogen supplier for hydrogen passivation of the states introduced by ion implantation at the SiO2-Si interface. The passivation effect uas observed at annealing temperatures as low as 600 K. The comparison of the calculated quantity of hydrogen atoms reaching the interface shous a good agreement uith the density of passivated states.
Supporting reflective public thought with considerit (2012)

We present a novel platform for supporting public deliberation on difficult decisions. ConsiderIt guides people to reflect on tradeoffs and the perspectives of others by framing interactions around pro/con points that participants create, adopt, and share. ConsiderIt surfaces the most salient pros and cons overall, while also enabling users to drill down into the key points for different groups. We deployed ConsiderIt in a contentious U.S. state election, inviting residents to deliberate on nine ballot measures. We discuss ConsiderIt's affordances and limitations, enriched with empirical data from this deployment. We show that users often engaged in normatively desirable activities, such as crafting positions that recognize both pros and cons, as well as points written by people who do not agree with them.
Achieving cooperation in a distributed multi-robot team (2003)

DMAPS (Distributed Multi-Agent Planning System) is a planning system developed for distributed multi-robot teams based on MAPS (Multi-Agent Planning System). MAPS assumes that each agent has the same global view of the environment in order to determine the most suitable actions. This assumption fails when perception is local to the agents: each agent has only a partial and unique view of the environment. DMAPS addresses this problem by creating a probabilistic global view on each agent by fusing the perceptual information from each robot. The experimental results on consuming tasks show that while the probabilistic global view is not identical on each robot, the shared view is still effective in increasing performance of the team.
Illumination in Projection Printing of Motion Pictures (1932)

In projection printing of motion pictures, it is essential that the illumination in the printing plane he uniform and of high intensity. It is also desirable that the light in the negative plane be more or less diffused in order to minimize the effect of scratches and reduce contrast. Since the introduction of diffusion into an optical system is accompanied by a loss of intensity and possibly also of printing plane uniformity, experiments have been made to determine what conditions are most favorable from the points of view of uniformity and diffuseness.
Take only what you need: leveraging mandatory access control policy to reduce provenance storage costs (2015)

When performing automatic provenance collection within the operating system, inevitable storage overheads are made worse by the fact that much of the generated lineage is uninteresting, describing noise and background activities that lie outside the scope the system's intended use. In this work, we propose a novel approach to policy-based provenance pruning - leverage the confinement properties provided by Mandatory Access Control (MAC) systems in order to identify subdomains of system activity for which to collect provenance. We consider the assurances of completeness that such a system could provide by sketching algorithms that reconcile provenance graphs with the information flows permitted by the MAC policy. We go on to identify the design challenges in implementing such a mechanism. In a simplified experiment, we demonstrate that adding a policy component to the Hi-Fi provenance monitor could reduce storage overhead by as much as 82%. To our knowledge, this is the first practical policy-based provenance monitor to be proposed in the literature.
N-ALKYLATION OF AMIDES AND <i>N</i>-HETEROCYCLES WITH POTASSIUM FLUORIDE ON ALUMINA (1981)

Abstract Alumina coated with potassium fluoride promotes smooth N-alkylation of carboxamides, lactams, and other N-heterocycles with alkyl halides or dialkyl sulfate under mild conditions.
Application of Spherically Curved Crystals for X-Ray Fluorescence (1968)

A general purpose x-ray fluorescence spectrometer has been constructed that employs the focusing properties of large spherically curved crystals. The 10 cm X 10 cm single crystals are bent to a 63.5-cm radius of curvature, and ground to the 31.75 radius of curvature of the focal circle. A motor-driven remotely controlled interchange mechanism has positions for four of these crystals. Also provided are: interchange of gas flow proportional counter or scintillation counter, and of chromium or tungsten target x-ray tubes, and a wide range of entrance and detector slitwidth combinations. Resolution and sensitivity are greatly superior to those of flat crystal optics.
Synthesis and Smooth Muscle Calcium Channel Effects of Dialkyl 1,4‐Dihydro‐2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐aryl‐3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylates Containing a Nitrone Moiety in the 4‐Aryl Substituent (1997)

A group of dialkyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-¿3-(or 4-)[[(Z)-N- oxo-N-[4-substituted-phenylmethylene (or vinylmethylene)]-lambda 5- azanyl]phenyl¿-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylates 7a-n were synthesized. Reaction of the C-4 nitrophenyl compounds 6a-d with an aryl Grignard reagent afforded the corresponding nitrone derivatives 7a-e. Alternatively, reaction of the aryl hydroxylamine compounds 8a-b prepared by reduction of the nitrophenyl compounds 6c-d with Zn/NH4Cl, or the aryl hydroxylamine compounds 8c-d prepared by reduction of the nitrophenyl compounds 6e-f with 5% rhodium-on-charcoal and 65% hydrazine hydrate, with a 4-substituted-benzaldehyde, benzaldehyde or acrolein afforded the respective nitrone compounds 7f-n. In vitro calcium channel (CC) antagonist activities were determined using the guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle assay. This class of compounds containing a nitrone moiety on the 1,4-dihydropyridine C-4 phenyl ring exhibited CC antagonist activities (10(-5) to 10(-9) M range) relative to the reference drug nifedipine (IC50 = 1.43 x 10(-8) M). Structure-activity relationships showed that the position of the nitrone moiety on the C-4 phenyl ring was a determinant of CC antagonist activity where the potency order was always meta-nitrone > para-nitrone. The effect of the ester alkyl substituent was variable depending upon whether the nitrone substituent was at the meta or para-position (meta-nitrone, Et > i-Pr approximately Me; para-nitrone, i-Pr > Me approximately Et). In the diethyl ester series of compounds having a meta-nitrone moiety, the difference in potency for the various R2-nitrone substituents varied by a factor of 15-fold (IC50 = 1.51 x 10(-7) to 9.84 x 10(-9) M range) (4-Cl-C6H4- > or = 4-Me-C6H4- approximately C6H5- > or = 4-O2N-C6H4- 4-F3C-C6H4- > > CH2 = CH-). Whole-cell voltage-clamp studies using isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes indicated that the 4-¿3-[(Z)-N-oxo-N-(phenylmethylene)-lambda 5-azanyl]-phenyl¿ compound 7c (10 microM) is a calcium channel antagonist which decreased the calcium current (ICa).
Particle transport modelling in semiconductor process environments (1994)

We review our recent efforts to develop and apply computational models that can predict fluid, thermal and particle transport in semiconductor process equipment such as that used for chemical vapour deposition or plasma etching. The purpose of this work is to supply equipment designers and operators with models that allow them to optimize process conditions and to develop tool designs that reduce particle contamination levels. The algorithms for predicting particle transport are briefly described. A Lagrangian approach is used in this work when both particle inertia and applied forces are important, while a Eulerian approach is used when both particle Brownian motion and applied forces are important. As an example, a commercial finite-element code is used to calculate the fluid and thermal fields in a simple geometry representative of real single-wafer processing tools, namely axisymmetric flow between a showerhead and a parallel plate separated by a small gap. Using the calculated velocity field, both Lagrangian and Eulerian particle transport formulations give the same particle collection efficiency for terminal-velocity-dominated deposition when particle inertia can be neglected. Although plasma-induced forces on the particles are not treated in detail, we discuss how models for these forces can be incorporated into the Lagrangian and Eulerian framework as they become available.
In Vitro Expansion of T-Cell-Receptor Vα2.3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>T Lymphocytes in HLA-DR17(3), DQ2<sup>+</sup>Individuals upon Stimulation with<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1999)

The T-cell receptor (TCR) Valpha/beta gene product expression upon in vitro stimulation with mycobacteria was investigated to assess whether T-cell proliferation was associated with any specific TCR V gene usage. T-cell-enriched populations from peripheral blood of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated healthy blood donors were stimulated in vitro with live or killed M. tuberculosis or with a soluble extract thereof. TCR Valpha/beta repertoire analysis of reactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells revealed a selective HLA-DR17(3), DQ2-restricted expansion of Valpha2.3(+) CD4(+) T cells upon stimulation with live M. tuberculosis or its soluble extract. Third-complementarity-determining-region (CDR3) length analysis of the expanded Valpha2.3(+) T cells indicated an oligoclonal pattern with short CDR3 lengths in six of seven HLA-DR17(3), DQ2(+) individuals tested. In addition, Valpha/Vbeta repertoire analysis of T lymphocytes from a DR17(3), DQ2(+) donor before and after BCG vaccination revealed that positivity of skin test reactivity was associated with expansion of Valpha2.3(+) CD4(+) T lymphocytes with preferential use of a short CDR3 peak length after in vitro stimulation. Separation of M. tuberculosis soluble extract by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) purification indicated that fractions corresponding to molecular masses of 60 to 70 and 15 to 25 kDa were particularly effective in eliciting Valpha2.3(+) CD4(+) T-cell expansion.
[Prognostic analysis of 51 cases of primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas]. (2005)

IPI, B symptoms and Ki-67 index are the prognostic factors for patients with N-DLBCL.
A multilevel QAM demodulator VLSI with wideband carrier recovery and dual equalizing mode (1997)

A 16-/64-/256-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) demodulator LSI with an all-digital carrier-recovery loop including a novel phase detector and a fractionally/symbol-spaced equalizer is described. The phase detector, which decides the transmitted symbol from received signal power, detects phase errors up to /spl plusmn/45/spl deg/ and enables the loop to internally eliminate the /spl plusmn/80 kHz carrier-frequency offset. The fractionally spaced equalizer is implemented at the same clock rate as the symbol-spaced equalizer by increasing only multiplexers and flip-flops, though the former theoretically requires an operation twice as fast as the latter. A large scale integrator (LSI) operating at a symbol rate up to 8 MBaud is successfully implemented. The 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS three-metal technology is used to implement 880 000 transistors in a die size of 12.87/spl times/12.39 mm/sup 2/.
Field-Free Remobilization of Proteins after Isoelectric Focusing in Packed Capillaries (2010)

Pressure-driven remobilization without an applied electric field is shown to be possible with capillary isoelectric focusing using packed capillaries. The capillary dimensions are 100 μm i.d. and 2 cm in length, and the packing is made of 0.9 μm nonporous silica particles that are chemically modified with a brush layer of polyacrylamide. Both reversible and irreversible adsorption are shown to be negligible. The packed capillaries eliminate the problem of unwanted hydrodynamic flow between reservoirs. Three proteins are focused: trypsin inhibitor, carbonic anhydrase II, and myoglobin. The time required for focusing in the packed capillaries is increased by only a factor of 2 compared to the open capillary, giving complete focusing in less than 15 min at 200 V/cm. The packed capillaries allow the use of higher electric fields, with resolution continually increasing up to at least 1500 V/cm. The packing obstructs diffusional broadening after the field is turned off: for trypsin inhibitor, D = 6.1(±0.3) × 10(-8) cm(2)/s for the packed capillary vs D = 28.8(±0.3) × 10(-8) cm(2)/s for the open capillary. The broadening contributed by the packing during remobilization is from eddy diffusion, and it is described by its plate height, H, which is the variance per unit length: H = σ(2)/L = 0.64 μm. This limits the resolution to 0.1 pH units for the 2 cm capillary having a pH range of 3-10, giving a theoretical peak capacity of 47.
Long-term results of [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine treatment of refractory advanced neuroblastoma. (1992)

Fourteen patients with advanced neuroblastoma, which was unresponsive to or had relapsed despite conventional therapy, were entered into a phase I/II trial of [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG). Doses ranged from 1.85-8.14 GBq each (50-220 mCi), with cumulative doses of 1.85-24.20 GBq (50-654 mCi) in one to three doses. Side effects included mild nausea and vomiting and moderate myelosuppression which occurred in nine patients. Subjective responses occurred in five patients. Four patients had objective responses (one partial, two minor and one mixed). Two of these patients remain alive 80 and 60 months after beginning 131I-MIBG therapy. Comparison of the 131I-MIBG treated patients with 11 carefully matched control patients treated with an advanced current chemotherapy protocol (CCG 8605) was performed by means of Kaplan-Meier life table analysis. The 14% four-year survival with 131I-MIBG compared favorably with the 6% achieved by salvage chemotherapy. We thus believe 131I-MIBG may have a role in the management of neuroblastoma.