gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of Some New Pyrimidines and Uric Acids fom Cystamine<sup>1</sup> (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Some New Pyrimidines and Uric Acids fom Cystamine1Edward James Mills Jr. and Marston Taylor BogertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 5, 1173–1180Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01862a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01862a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views456Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electroless Copper Deposition on Ruthenium for Damascene Interconnects (2007)

Nucleation and growth behavior of electroless copper on different Ru substrates, PVD Ru and CVD/ALD Ru, were investigated. Possibility of using electroless copper as seeding on Ru followed by ECP gapfill and as direct gapfilling for damascene interconnect applications was explored. Effect of Ru substrate microstructure on electroless copper grain orientation and texture was discussed.
Formation of MoS<sub>2</sub> Inorganic Fullerenes (IFs) by the Reaction of MoO<sub>3</sub> Nanobelts and S (2003)

The reaction of MoO3 and S at temperatures higher than 300 degrees C in an argon atmosphere provides a convenient and effective method for the synthesis of MoS2 nanocrystalline substances. MoS2 nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles have been obtained by the reaction at 850 degrees C under well-controlled conditions. The influences of reaction temperature and duration were carefully investigated in this paper. All of the nanostructures were characterized by Xray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A stepwise reaction model and rolling mechanism were proposed based on the experimental results.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Treatment of Obesity (1977)

After a nine-day control period, six hospitalized obese women were placed on 500 calorie diets and were given 125 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) intramuscularly daily for 30 days. Another five obese women received injections of diluent only and consumed identical diets for the same period. Mean weight loss in the HCG-treated group was nearly identical to that achieved by women given the placebo. Reduction of triceps skinfold thickness or circumferential body measurements of the chest, waist, hips, and thighs were not different. Patters of change of a variety of plasma and urine substrates, electrolytes, and hormones were similar in the two groups and consistent with semistarvation and weight loss. These results indicate that HCG has no effects on chemical and hormonal parameters measured and offers no advantage over calorie restriction in promoting weight loss.
Enabling Edge-Cloud Video Analytics for Robotics Applications (2021)

Emerging deep learning-based video analytics tasks demand computation-intensive neural networks and powerful computing resources on the cloud to achieve high accuracy. Due to the latency requirement and limited network bandwidth, edge-cloud systems adaptively compress the data to strike a balance between overall analytics accuracy and bandwidth consumption. However, the degraded data leads to another issue of poor tail accuracy, which means the extremely low accuracy of a few semantic classes and video frames. Autonomous robotics applications especially value the tail accuracy performance but suffer using the prior edge-cloud systems.We present Runespoor, an edge-cloud video analytics system to manage the tail accuracy and enable emerging robotics applications. We train and deploy a super-resolution model tailored for the tail accuracy of analytics tasks on the server to significantly improves the performance on hard-to-detect classes and sophisticated frames. During online operation, we use an adaptive data rate controller to further improve the tail performance by instantly adjusting the data rate policy according to the video content. Our evaluation shows that Runespoor improves class-wise tail accuracy by up to 300%, frame-wise 90%/99% tail accuracy by up to 22%/54%, and greatly improves the overall accuracy and bandwidth trade-off.
Mechanochromic Photonic Gels (2013)

Polymer gels are remarkable materials with physical structures that can adapt significantly and quite rapidly with changes in the local environment, such as temperature, light intensity, electrochemistry, and mechanical force. An interesting phenomenon observed in certain polymer gel systems is mechanochromism - a change in color due to a mechanical deformation. Mechanochromic photonic gels are periodically structured gels engineered with a photonic stopband that can be tuned by mechanical forces to reflect specific colors. These materials have potential as mechanochromic sensors because both the mechanical and optical properties are highly tailorable via incorporation of diluents, solvents, nanoparticles, or polymers, or the application of stimuli such as temperature, pH, or electric or strain fields. Recent advances in photonic gels that display strain-dependent optical properties are discussed. In particular, this discussion focuses primarily on polymer-based photonic gels that are directly or indirectly fabricated via self-assembly, as these materials are promising soft material platforms for scalable mechanochromic sensors.
The Decomposition of Alpha Keto Acids (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Decomposition of Alpha Keto AcidsCharles D. Hurd and Harry R. RaterinkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 6, 1348–1350Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01321a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01321a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Balancing Lithology and Low-Pressure Hydrocarbon Effects: Evaluation of Low-Pressure Reservoirs Utilizing Magnetic Resonance in the Alaska Cook Inlet (2009)

Abstract Two mature offshore fields, Granite Point Field and Grayling Gas Sands, were recently re-drilled in the Alaska Cook Inlet where oil and gas are accumulated in thousands of feet of lower-Tertiary, stacked fluvial sand/shale/coal cycles. Common challenges in the two fields suggested their characterization could be improved with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging, namely: detection of conglomeratic sands, deciphering of complex neutron/gamma-ray responses, quantification of gas saturation, and even detection of low-resistivity pay. However, these formations exhibit properties that limit classic NMR logging interpretation, including abnormally high T1/T2 ratio, high free-fluid T2 cutoff, and low pore pressure. Low-gradient LWD NMR was employed to evaluate the new wells and solved these challenges. Given the low gas pressure, traditional gas identification using dual wait times or high-relaxation cutoff was ineffective and a density/magnetic resonance (DMR) method was used to quantify gas in place. This method led to substantial porosity corrections, compared to usual practices. Low-resistivity gas zones were also clearly delineated regardless of gamma-ray and neutron lithology effects. Main lithology (sand, conglomerate) could then be inferred from the corrected formation properties by comparison with documented trends from legacy core data.
Transceiver Architecture for Incoherent Optical CDMA Networks Based on Polarization Modulation (2008)

This paper proposes a novel incoherent transceiver structure for the optical modulation scheme deploying polarization shift keying (Pol-SK) in conjunction with optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA). The system has been accurately analyzed taking into account the presence of optical amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, electronic receiver noise, photodiode shot-noise and also multiple access interference (MAI). The application of optical tapped-delay lines in the receiver as the CDMA-decoder has also been investigated. In terms of spreading code, a newly introduced prime code family named as double-padded modified prime code has been utilized. A comprehensive set of results in the literatures showed that the performance of the binary system is approximately 3 dB better than intensity modulations. Therefore, in our following proposed transceiver architecture we have also employed binary Pol-SK modulation. Our results indicate that the proposed architecture consumes less power while enhances the system capacity. Moreover, since the optical beam power is constant, the system has immunity against the self- and cross-phase modulations. Above all, the polarization-based scheme is more promising for very-long-haul high-speed transmissions over the OCDMA networks.
Remote sensing of explosives using infrared and ultraviolet filaments (2008)

Light filaments in air provide a unique opportunity to perform remote spectroscopic measurements. A study has been made into the detection of dinitrotoluene (DNT) and ammonium perchlorate using IR and UV filaments. UV filaments appear to have marked advantages in being able to capture clear spectroscopic signatures of these materials, in addition to propagating over longer distances.
Rate Distortion Data Hiding of Motion Vector Competition Information in Chroma and Luma Samples for Video Compression (2011)

New standardization activities have been recently launched by the JCT-VC experts group in order to challenge the current video compression standard H.264/AVC. Several improvements of this standard, previously integrated in the JM key technical area software, are already known and gathered in the high efficiency video coding test model. In particular, competition-based motion vector prediction has proved its efficiency. However, the targeted 50% bitrate saving for equivalent quality is not yet achieved. In this context, this paper proposes to reduce the signaling information resulting from this motion vector competition, by using data hiding techniques. As data hiding and video compression traditionally have contradictory goals, an advanced study of data hiding schemes is first performed. Then, an original way of using data hiding for video compression is proposed. The main idea of this paper is to hide the competition index into appropriately selected chroma and luma transform coefficients. To minimize the prediction errors, the transform coefficients modification is performed via a rate-distortion optimization. The proposed scheme is evaluated on several low and high resolution sequences. Objective improvements (up to 2.40% bitrate saving) and subjective assessment of the chroma loss are reported.
High Levels of Inflammatory Phospholipase A2 Activity in Lumbar Disc Herniations (1990)

Inflammation of neural elements is frequently mentioned clinically in association with lumbar radiculopathy. Mechanical embarrassment of neural elements by definable structural abnormalities is inadequate as a sole explanation of nerve injury in this condition. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether an enzymatic marker for inflammation (phospholipase A2) could be identified in human disc samples removed at surgery for radiculopathy due to lumbar disc disease. Samples were assayed for phospholipase A2 activity. The level of activity in the disc samples was compared with values obtained from other human tissues using the same assay. Specific activity (percent hydrolysis radiolabelled substrate) ranged from 238 to 1,014.5 nmol/min/mg. Mean activity for the human disc material was 568.7 nmol/min/mg, compared with 0.006 nmol/min/mg for human PMN, and 12.1 nmol/min/mg for inflammatory human synovial effusion. The pH and cation-related activity were identical to those demonstrated for phospholipase A2 inflammatory conditions. Human lumbar disc phospholipase A2 activity is from 20- to 100,000-fold more active than any other phospholipase A2 that has been described. As the enzyme responsible for the liberation of arachidonic acid from cell membranes, phospholipase A2 is the rate-limiting step in the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. These data establish biochemical evidence of inflammation at the site of lumbar disc herniations.
PROJECT MATHS IN IRELAND: THE EFFECT ON INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS (2014)

Project Maths is an ambitious reform of Irish post-primary education. Itinvolves changes to what students learn in mathematics, how they learn it andhow they will be assessed. There is a much greater emphasis placed on studentunderstanding of mathematical concepts, with increased use of contexts andapplications that will enable students to relate mathematics to their everydayexperiences. The assessment reflects the different emphasis on problem solvingand applications in the teaching and learning of mathematics and there is amuch greater emphasis on reading and understanding the problems. Hence there isa greater emphasis on student’s English language proficiency. This study aimsto investigate the effect of Project Maths on International students studyingin Ireland who do not speak English as their first language.&amp;nbsp;
Multilayer optical thin films for use at terahertz frequencies: method of fabrication (2005)

A new method of fabricating multilayer optical coatings used at terahertz frequencies has been developed. Using plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition, a multilayer antireflection coating for germanium optics at terahertz frequencies was fabricated. The coating consists of amorphous silicon and silicon-oxide layers. The transmittance and structure of the coating were experimentally investigated. The transmittance spectrum of the coating on the Ge substrate shows a wideband antireflection behavior in the 40-120 cm(-1) region.
Synthesis and dopaminergic binding of 2-aryldopamine analogs: phenethylamines, 3-benzazepines, and 9-(aminomethyl)fluorenes (1986)

A series of 2-aryldopamine analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their effects on D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. The 2-phenyldopamine and 6-phenylbenzazepine analogues exhibited weak binding to both D1 and D2 receptors. The 9-(aminomethyl)fluorenes also exhibited weak D2 binding; however, 2,5,6-trihydroxy-9H-fluorene-9-methanamine (4b) exhibited D1 binding comparable to apomorphine. The binding activity has been correlated with the calculated torsion angle of the biphenyl portion of these molecules. Good D1 dopamine binding occurs when the aromatic rings approach coplanarity; poor binding occurs when the aromatic rings are orthogonal.
Mechanisms Causing Rapid and Parallel Losses of Ribose Catabolism in Evolving Populations of<i>Escherichia coli</i>B (2001)

Twelve populations of Escherichia coli B all lost D-ribose catabolic function during 2,000 generations of evolution in glucose minimal medium. We sought to identify the population genetic processes and molecular genetic events that caused these rapid and parallel losses. Seven independent Rbs(-) mutants were isolated, and their competitive fitnesses were measured relative to that of their Rbs(+) progenitor. These Rbs(-) mutants were all about 1 to 2% more fit than the progenitor. A fluctuation test revealed an unusually high rate, about 5 x 10(-5) per cell generation, of mutation from Rbs(+) to Rbs(-), which contributed to rapid fixation. At the molecular level, the loss of ribose catabolic function involved the deletion of part or all of the ribose operon (rbs genes). The physical extent of the deletion varied between mutants, but each deletion was associated with an IS150 element located immediately upstream of the rbs operon. The deletions apparently involved transposition into various locations within the rbs operon; recombination between the new IS150 copy and the one upstream of the rbs operon then led to the deletion of the intervening sequence. To confirm that the beneficial fitness effect was caused by deletion of the rbs operon (and not some undetected mutation elsewhere), we used P1 transduction to restore the functional rbs operon to two Rbs(-) mutants, and we constructed another Rbs(-) strain by gene replacement with a deletion not involving IS150. All three of these new constructs confirmed that Rbs(-) mutants have a competitive advantage relative to their Rbs(+) counterparts in glucose minimal medium. The rapid and parallel evolutionary losses of ribose catabolic function thus involved both (i) an unusually high mutation rate, such that Rbs(-) mutants appeared repeatedly in all populations, and (ii) a selective advantage in glucose minimal medium that drove these mutants to fixation.
Genome Analysis of <i>F. nucleatum sub spp vincentii</i> and Its Comparison With the Genome of <i>F. nucleatum</i> ATCC 25586 (2003)

We present the draft genome sequence and its analysis for Fusobacterium nucleatum sub spp. vincentii (FNV), and compare that genome with F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 (FN). A total of 441 FNV open reading frames (ORFs) with no orthologs in FN have been identified. Of these, 118 ORFs have no known function and are unique to FNV, whereas 323 ORFs have functional orthologs in other organisms. In addition to the excretion of butyrate, H2S and ammonia-like FN, FNV has the additional capability to excrete lactate and aminobutyrate. Unlike FN, FNV is likely to incorporate galactopyranose, galacturonate, and sialic acid into its O-antigen. It appears to transport ferrous iron by an anaerobic ferrous transporter. Genes for eukaryotic type serine/threonine kinase and phosphatase, transpeptidase E-transglycosylase Pbp1A are found in FNV but not in FN. Unique ABC transporters, cryptic phages, and three types of restriction-modification systems have been identified in FNV. ORFs for ethanolamine utilization, thermostable carboxypeptidase, gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase, and deblocking aminopeptidases are absent from FNV. FNV, like FN, lacks the classical catalase-peroxidase system, but thioredoxin/glutaredoxin enzymes might alleviate oxidative stress. Genes for resistance to antibiotics such as acriflavin, bacitracin, bleomycin, daunorubicin, florfenicol, and other general multidrug resistance are present. These capabilities allow Fusobacteria to survive in a mixed culture in the mouth.
THE CAT LUNG STRIP AS AN <i>in vitro</i> PREPARATION OF PERIPHERAL AIRWAYS: A COMPARISON OF β‐ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS, AUTACOIDS AND ANAPHYLACTIC CHALLENGE ON THE LUNG STRIP AND TRACHEA (1976)

A new in vitro preparation, the isolated lung strip of the cat, is described for investigating the direct effect of drugs on the smooth muscle of the peripheral airways of the lung. The preparation comprises a thin strip of lung parenchyma which can be mounted in a conventional organ bath for isometric tension recording. Its pharmacological responses have been characterized and compared with the isolated tracheal preparation of the cat. The lung strip exhibited an intrinsic tone which was relaxed by catecholamines, aminophylline and flufenamate. It was contracted strongly by histamine, prostaglandin F 2α , acetylcholine, compound 48/80, potassium depolarizing solution and alternating current field stimulation. In contrast, the cat trachea was unresponsive to histamine and prostaglandin F 2α and did not exhibit an intrinsic tone. (–)‐Isoprenaline and (–)‐adrenaline were much more potent in relaxing the lung strip than the trachea. The potency order of relaxation responses to isoprenaline, adrenaline and (±)‐noradrenaline in the lung strip was isoprenaline > adrenaline > noradrenaline but in the trachea was isoprenaline > noradrenaline > adrenaline. β 2 ‐Adrenoceptor selective agonists salbutamol and terbutaline were more potent in the lung strip than the trachea, suggesting β 2 ‐adrenoceptors predominated in the lung strip. Propranolol was equipotent in inhibiting isoprenaline relexations of the lung strip and trachea, whereas practolol was much less effective in inhibiting lung strip than trachea, further supporting a predominance of β 2 ‐adrenoceptors in lung strip and β‐adrenoceptors in trachea. Strong Schultz‐Dale type contractions were elicited in both lung strips and trachea by Ascaris lumbricoides antigen in actively sensitized cats. The initial phase of the contractile response of the lung strip following challenge was shown to be due to histamine release and was absent in the trachea. The delayed phase of the contraction which took several minutes to develop in both the mepyramine‐treated lung strip and trachea was not due to prostaglandins E 1 , F 2α or bradykinin, the probable mediator being slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS‐A). It is concluded that the isolated lung strip of the cat is useful as an in vitro model for investigating the effect of drugs on the smooth muscle of the peripheral airways of the lungs.
Bioanalytical Method Validation for The Simultaneous Determination of Ceftazidime and Avibactam in Rat Plasma (2015)

A sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of ceftazidime and avibactam in rat plasma.
Persistent Lymphopenia After Diagnosis of Sepsis Predicts Mortality (2014)

Persistent lymphopenia on the fourth day following the diagnosis of sepsis predicts early and late mortality and may serve as a biomarker for sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
Network Architectures for QKD (2006)

We present two schemes for QKD network architectures based on two ubiquitous topologies: the tree and the ring. Quantum key addressing schemes and their implications are also discussed.
Synthesis and Properties of N 1-(3-Methoxypropyl)-N 3-methylimidazolium Salts (2010)

N 1 -(3-Methoxypropyl)-N 3 -methylimidazolium salts (1c-1f) were synthesized and characterized.The N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 -salt (1c) exhibited the lowest viscosity (51 cP) among the salts (1c-1f).The I -salt (1d) was tested as an electrolyte solution to the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and the devices worked as the DSSCs.