gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IV.—A Geological Map of Armenia and its Border-Ranges, with Indications of Minerals and Mineral Springs. Drawn and hand-coloured by Felix Oswald, D.Sc., F.G.S. One sheet (36 × 25 ins.); seale, 16 miles to one inch (1:1,013,760). With Explanatory Notes, 16 pp. London (Nottingham printed), 1907: Dulau & Co. Price 25<i>s</i>. net. (1907)

IV.—A Geological Map of Armenia and its Border-Ranges, with Indications of Minerals and Mineral Springs. Drawn and hand-coloured by Felix Oswald, D.Sc., F.G.S. One sheet (36 × 25 ins.); seale, 16 miles to one inch (1:1,013,760). With Explanatory Notes, 16 pp. London (Nottingham printed), 1907: Dulau & Co. Price 25s. net. - Volume 4 Issue 12
Hypertriglyceridemia (2006)

Hypertriglyceridemia is a commonly encountered lipid abnormality frequently associated with other lipid and metabolic derangements. The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends obtaining a fasting lipid panel in adults over the age of 20. The discovery of hypertriglyceridemia should prompt an investigation for secondary causes such as high fat diet, excessive alcohol intake, certain medications, and medical conditions (eg, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism). In addition, patients should be evaluated for other components of the metabolic syndrome. These include abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high triglyceride, and hypertension. Hypertriglyceridemia is classified as primary hypertriglyceridemia when there are no secondary causes identified. Primary hypertriglyceridemia is the result of various genetic defects leading to disordered triglyceride metabolism. It is important to treat hypertriglyceridemia to prevent pancreatitis by reducing triglyceride levels to <500 mg/dL. Furthermore, lowering triglycerides while treating other dyslipidemias and components of the metabolic syndrome will reduce coronary events. However, it is controversial how much isolated hypertriglyceridemia correlates directly with coronary artery disease and further studies are needed to clarify whether treatment for this condition leads to meaningful clinical outcomes. Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) are the first line of treatment for hypertriglyceridemia. These changes include a low saturated fat, carbohydrate-controlled diet, combined with alcohol reduction, smoking cessation, and regular aerobic exercise. High doses of omega-3 fatty acids from fish and fish oil supplements will lower triglyceride levels significantly. When patients do not reach their goals by TLC, drug therapy should be started. In cases of isolated hypertriglyceridemia, fibrates are initially considered. When elevated low-density lipoprotein levels accompany hypertriglyceridemia, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors are preferred. In patients with low HDL levels and hypertriglyceridemia, extended release niacin can be considered. A combination of the medicines may be necessary in recalcitrant cases.
Protein Kinase C lambda/iota (PKClambda/iota): A PKC Isotype Essential for the Development of Multicellular Organisms (2003)

PKClambda/iota belongs to the third group of the PKC family, atypical PKC (aPKC), together with PKCzeta based on its sequence divergence from conventional and novel PKCs observed not only in the N-terminal regulatory domain but also in the kinase domain. Although one of the most distinct features of aPKC is its single, unrepeated cysteine-rich domain, recent studies have revealed that the N-terminal regulatory domain has additional aPKC-specific structural motifs involved in various protein-protein interactions, which are important for the regulation and the subcellular targeting of aPKC. The identification of aPKC-specific binding proteins has significantly facilitated our understanding of the activation mechanism as well as the physiological function of aPKC at the molecular level. In particular, the finding that the mammalian homologs of the Caenorhabditis elegans proteins, PAR-3 and PAR-6, bind aPKC unexpectedly opens a new avenue for exploring a thus far completely unrecognized critical function of aPKC, that is, as a component of an evolutionarily conserved cell polarity machinery. Together with the great progress in the genome project as well as in the genetic analysis of model organisms, these advances are leading us into the new era of aPKC study in which functional divergence between PKClambda/iota and zeta can be discussed in elaborately.
Development of mouse embryos cryopreserved by vitrification (1987)

Eight-cell mouse embryos were cryopreserved by vitrification in a concentrated solution of dimethylsulphoxide, acetamide, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol. This solution (designated VS1) does not crystallize when cooled to subzero temperatures but instead forms a glassy transparent solid. Embryos were exposed in three steps to a stock VS1 solution or a saline solution containing 90% of the cryoprotectants in the stock VS1 (90% VS1) and then the suspensions were vitrified by rapid cooling in liquid nitrogen. Of 568 embryos vitrified in 90% VS1, 80% developed in vitro and 98 normal fetuses or young (17% of the total) were produced after transfer to pseudopregnant recipients. By contrast, 22% of 153 embryos vitrified in the stock VS1 developed in vitro, but only one normal fetus was obtained after transfer. These results demonstrate that normal fetuses and young can be produced from embryos cryopreserved by the simple and rapid method of vitrification.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homologies Among Species of the Genus<i>Neisseria</i> (1967)

Eleven aerobic species of Neisseria, a Mima sp., and a Herellea sp. were tested for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homology in direct hybridization experiments. DNA labeled with either (14)C or (32)P was prepared from five species of Neisseria. Unlabeled DNA from the various microorganisms was immobilized on membrane filters, which, after pretreatment, were incubated with labeled DNA (4,000 counts per min per filter) for 14 hr at 67 C. The measure of relatedness was expressed as the relative percentage of direct binding compared to that obtained with homologous DNA. All serological types of N. meningitidis, including the newly proposed types, were homologous to the standard strain of N. meningitidis with one possible exception, type Z. The genus Neisseria is heterogeneous in nature, forming at least three distinct groups: first, N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae; second, N. perflava, N. subflava, N. sicca, N. flavescens, and N. flava; third, N. catarrhalis and N. caviae. Mima and Herellea species show no significant homology with the Neisseria.
G9a interacts with Snail and is critical for Snail-mediated E-cadherin repression in human breast cancer (2012)

Breast cancers are highly heterogeneous but can be grouped into subtypes based on several criteria, including level of expression of certain markers. Claudin-low breast cancer (CLBC) is associated with early metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy, while gene profiling indicates it is characterized by the expression of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) - a phenotypic conversion linked with metastasis. Although the epigenetic program controlling the phenotypic and cellular plasticity of EMT remains unclear, one contributor may be methylation of the E-cadherin promoter, resulting in decreased E-cadherin expression, a hallmark of EMT. Indeed, reduced E-cadherin often occurs in CLBC and may contribute to the early metastasis and poor patient survival associated with this disease. Here, we have determined that methylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me2) is critical for promoter DNA methylation of E-cadherin in three TGF-β-induced EMT model cell lines, as well as in CLBC cell lines. Further, Snail interacted with G9a, a major euchromatin methyltransferase responsible for H3K9me2, and recruited G9a and DNA methyltransferases to the E-cadherin promoter for DNA methylation. Knockdown of G9a restored E-cadherin expression by suppressing H3K9me2 and blocking DNA methylation. This resulted in inhibition of cell migration and invasion in vitro and suppression of tumor growth and lung colonization in in vivo models of CLBC metastasis. Our study not only reveals a critical mechanism underlying the epigenetic regulation of EMT but also paves a way for the development of new treatment strategies for CLBC.
Reusable Garbled Circuit Implementation of AES to Avoid Power Analysis Attacks (2017)

Unintended side-channel leaks can be exploited by attackers and achieved quickly, and using relatively inexpensive equipment. Cloud providers aren’t equipped to provide assurances of security against such attacks. One most well-known and effective of the side-channel attack is on information leaked through power consumption. Differential Power Analysis (DPA) can extract a secret key by measuring the power used while a device is executing the any algorithm. This research explores the susceptibility of current implementations of Circuit Garbling to power analysis attacks and a simple variant to obfuscate functionality and randomize the power consumption reusing the garbling keys and the garbled gates. AES has been chosen as an example. The first task is to implement the garbled variants of basic logic gates in hardware (RTL design) using Circuit Garbling. The second task is to use the above created gates and create an RTL implementation of AES using Verilog HDL. The next task is to perform a Differential Power Analysis(DPA) on this circuit and evaluate its resilience to attack.
Casein production by human breast cancer. (1977)

Casein was measured in the sera of breast cancer patients, in breast cancer tumors, and in breast cancer cells in long-term tissue culture using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Levels present in breast cancer sera were not elevated above control values. Eight of forty-seven (17%) of the tumor samples tested were positive for casein, the highest level representing 0.003% of the soluble protein. When seven human breast cancer cell lines were assayed for casein, the results were uniformly negative even under conditions of stimulation by lactogenic hormones. In addition, direct immunoprecipitation of labeled cellular protein supported the negative result of the radioimmunoassay. Thus it appears that casein production is not a common characteristic of most human breast cancers.
Reactivity and Efficiency of Ceria-Based Oxides for Solar CO<sub>2</sub> Splitting via Isothermal and Near-Isothermal Cycles (2017)

In this work, different doping strategies for ceria were investigated in isothermal and near-isothermal cycles for solar fuel production. The system efficiency was evaluated by a more realistic model with the whole oxidation process concerned. In terms of fuel productivity, doping ions with lower valences seems to be a disadvantageous strategy due to formation of inert oxygen vacancies. Zr doped ceria exhibited the highest productivity under all of the reaction conditions investigated. The efficiency comparison of pure and Zr doped ceria is different from theoretical prediction, and the influence of oxidation rate is highlighted. The advantage of higher productivity caused by adding Zr is traded off by its drawbacks in kinetics for isothermal cycles at 1300 and 1400 °C. Benefit in efficiency only could be observed in an isothermal cycle at 1500 °C. Compared to the isothermal cycle, the near-isothermal cycle with a small temperature swing showed improvement in both fuel productivity and efficiency. Pure ceria showed better performance than 10% Zr doped ceria in 1500 °C/1300 °C near-isothermal cycles.
Cathodic Behavior of the Deposition of Nb and Al in NaCl-AlCl3 Melt (1996)

The deposition of Nb and Al from an acidic NaCl-AlCl3 melt was studied by using the cyclic voltammetry and EPMA observation of the deposit in order to get a Nb-Al alloy which is a candidate of next generation superconductor. Nb sources used were niobium chlorides, NbCl5 and Nb3Cl8, and anodically dissolved niobium. No deposit was obtained for NbCl5 due probably to a disproportionation reaction. The deposit obtained for Nb3Cl8 was an alloy although the Nb content was considerably lower than the stoichiometric composition of super-conductive Nb3Al. For the anodically dissolved Nb, almost an equimolar deposit was obtained.
[Preventive effect of zeolite in VX poisoning in rats]. (1994)

In the present paper the effect of zeolite tuff (61% clinoptilolite) was investigated on cholinesterase activity in brain, liver, spleen, femoral muscle, heart, stomach, duodenum, colon and erythrocytes in sewer-rats after peroral intoxication with VX substance (65.5 micrograms/kg). Fig. 1 shows the ChE activity in the tissues and erythrocytes in the animals of control group and in the group of animals after intoxication with VX substance. The highest activity in the control group was found in brain and duodenum. The enzyme activity in the femoral muscle had the lowest values. A significant decrease in the ChE activity (P < 0.001 or P < 0.01) occurred in all the investigated samples in the group of animals intoxicated with the VX substance. highest enzyme inhibition was observed in erythrocytes (97.9%), stomach (97.9%), brain (95.4%) and liver (94.7%) if compared with the control group. The relatively lowest inhibition was found out in duodenum and colon. In the group administered zeolite before intoxication (1.0 g/kg five minutes before intoxication) the ChE activity was significantly higher in almost all investigated samples than in the group without zeolite (P < 0.001 or P < 0.01)-Fig. 2. The duodenum is an exception, in which the ChE activity in the zeolite group was lower than in the zeolite-free group (P < 0.001), as well as the colon, in which there were no significant differences in the activity between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Visual Feedback for Core Training with 3D Human Shape and Pose (2019)

In this paper, we propose a visual feedback system for core training using a monocular camera image. To support the user in maintaining the correct postures from target poses, we adopt 3D human shape estimation for both the target image and input camera video. Because it is expensive to capture human pose using depth cameras or multiple cameras using conventional approaches, we employ the skinned multi-person linear model of human shape to recover the 3D human pose from 2D images using pose estimation and human mesh recovery methods. We propose a user interface for providing visual guidance based on the estimated target and current human shapes. To clarify the differences between the target and current postures of 3D models, we adopt markers for visualization at ten body parts with color changes. From user studies conducted, the proposed visual feedback system is effective and convenient in performing core training.
Agent-based scheduling mechanism for semiconductor manufacturing systems with temporal constraints (2006)

This paper addresses a multi-agent based scheduling mechanism for semiconductor manufacturing systems with hard inter-operation temporal constraints. The multi-agent architecture consists of scheduling agents, workcell agents, machine agents, and product agents. A dynamic planning-based approach is adopted for the scheduling mechanism so that dynamic behaviors of the system can be considered. The scheduling agents compute optimal schedules through a bidding mechanism with the workcell agents. The proposed scheduling mechanism uses a temporal constraint set formalism to obtain a feasible schedule in polynomial steps.
Premature Expression of T Cell Receptor (Tcr)αβ Suppresses Tcrγδ Gene Rearrangement but Permits Development of γδ Lineage T Cells (2000)

The T cell receptor (TCR)gammadelta and the pre-TCR promote survival and maturation of early thymocyte precursors. Whether these receptors also influence gammadelta versus alphabeta lineage determination is less clear. We show here that TCRgammadelta gene rearrangements are suppressed in TCRalphabeta transgenic mice when the TCRalphabeta is expressed early in T cell development. This situation offers the opportunity to examine the outcome of gammadelta versus alphabeta T lineage commitment when only the TCRalphabeta is expressed. We find that precursor thymocytes expressing TCRalphabeta not only mature in the alphabeta pathway as expected, but also as CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells with properties of gammadelta lineage cells. In TCRalphabeta transgenic mice, in which the transgenic receptor is expressed relatively late, TCRgammadelta rearrangements occur normally such that TCRalphabeta(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells co-express TCRgammadelta. The results support the notion that TCRalphabeta can substitute for TCRgammadelta to permit a gammadelta lineage choice and maturation in the gammadelta lineage. The findings could fit a model in which lineage commitment is determined before or independent of TCR gene rearrangement. However, these results could be compatible with a model in which distinct signals bias lineage choice and these signaling differences are not absolute or intrinsic to the specific TCR structure.
Nickel Colloids in Reduced Nickel-Doped Magnesium Oxide (1981)

High-temperature treatment in a reducing atmosphere of Ni-doped MgO crystals resulted in the formation of colloids with an average size of about 50 nm. The colloids are coherent nickel precipitates having a fcc structure ($a=0.352$ nm), and occasionally a bcc structure ($a=0.288$ nm). The ratio of magnetic to nuclear scattering amplitudes for the (111) precipitate reflection was about 17% below the value for nickel. Optical absorption measurements indicate that a broad optical band centered at \ensuremath{\sim} 2.2 eV is associated with the colloidal precipitates.
�?erenkov radiation in materials with negative permittivity and permeability (2003)

The mathematical solution for Cerenkov radiation in a novel medium, left-handed medium (LH medium), which has both negative permittivity and permeability, is introduced in this paper. It is shown that the particle motion in the LH medium generates power that propagates backward. In this paper, both dispersion and dissipation are considered for the LH medium. The results show that in such a material, both forward power and backward power exist. In addition, we show that the losses will affect the Cerenkov angle. The idea of building a Cerenkov detector using LH medium is introduced, which could be useful in particle physics to identify charged particles of various velocities.
Fiber-Based Generator for Wearable Electronics and Mobile Medication (2014)

Smart garments for monitoring physiological and biomechanical signals of the human body are key sensors for personalized healthcare. However, they typically require bulky battery packs or have to be plugged into an electric plug in order to operate. Thus, a smart shirt that can extract energy from human body motions to run body-worn healthcare sensors is particularly desirable. Here, we demonstrated a metal-free fiber-based generator (FBG) via a simple, cost-effective method by using commodity cotton threads, a polytetrafluoroethylene aqueous suspension, and carbon nanotubes as source materials. The FBGs can convert biomechanical motions/vibration energy into electricity utilizing the electrostatic effect with an average output power density of ∼0.1 μW/cm(2) and have been identified as an effective building element for a power shirt to trigger a wireless body temperature sensor system. Furthermore, the FBG was demonstrated as a self-powered active sensor to quantitatively detect human motion.
Docosahexaenoic acid: one molecule diverse functions (2016)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, ω-3) is a highly polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is concentrated in neuronal brain membranes, for which reason it is also referred to as a "brain food". DHA is essential for brain development and function. It plays an important role in improving antioxidant and cognitive activities of the brain. DHA deficiency occurs during aging and dementia, impairs memory and learning, and promotes age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). For about two decades, we have reported that oral administration of DHA increases spatial memory acquisition, stimulates neurogenesis, and protects against and reverses memory impairment in amyloid β peptide-infused AD rat models by decreasing amyloidogenesis and protects against age-related cognitive decline in the elderly. These results demonstrate a robust link between DHA and cognitive health. Rodents that were fed a diet low in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly those that were DHA-deficient, frequently suffered from anxiety, depression and memory impairment. Although the exact mechanisms of action of DHA in brain functions are still elusive, a host of mechanisms have been proposed. For example, DHA, which inherently has a characteristic three-dimensional structure, increases membrane fluidity, strengthens antioxidant activity and enhances the expression of several proteins that act as substrates for improving memory functions. It reduces the brain amyloid burden and inhibits in vitro fibrillation and amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in cell-culture model. In this review, we discuss how DHA acts as a molecule with diverse functions.
Aerodynamically Assisted Jets: A Paradigm for Directly Microbubbling and Microfoaming Combinations of Advanced Materials (2008)

This Communication elucidates the ability to directly microbubble and microfoam suspensions containing structural, functional and/or biological materials. Structural entities such as these having functional gradation could potentially be explored in a plethora of applications within the physical and life sciences.
MAP fusion method for superresolution of images with locally varying pixel quality (2008)

Abstract Superresolution is a procedure that produces a high‐resolution image from a set of low‐resolution images. Many of superresolution techniques are designed for optical cameras, which produce pixel values of well‐defined uncertainty, while there are still various imaging modalities for which the uncertainty of the images is difficult to control. To construct a superresolution image from low‐resolution images with varying uncertainty, one needs to keep track of the uncertainty values in addition to the pixel values. In this paper, we develop a probabilistic approach to superresolution to address the problem of varying uncertainty. As direct computation of the analytic solution for the superresolution problem is difficult, we suggest a novel algorithm for computing the approximate solution. As this algorithm is a noniterative method based on Kalman filter‐like recursion relations, there is a potential for real‐time implementation of the algorithm. To show the efficiency of our method, we apply this algorithm to a video sequence acquired by a forward looking sonar system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 18, 242–250, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).
Effect of fluorine on boron diffusion in thin silicon dioxides and oxynitride (1995)

We investigated the effects of fluorine on boron diffusion in thin silicon oxides used for metal-oxide-semiconductor structures, including silicon dioxide and oxynitride. We used secondary ion mass spectroscopy to measure the boron penetration depth from p+-polycrystalline silicon to the silicon substrate through the silicon oxides for various fluorine doses. We compared experimental and simulated results and determined the boron diffusion coefficients in the silicon oxides. The diffusion coefficients have an Arrhenius relationship for each fluorine dose. The diffusion coefficients at a fluorine dose of 1×1016 cm−2 were 30 times larger than with no fluorine dose, and at a fluorine dose of 1×1015 cm−2, diffusion coefficients were 5 times larger. With oxynitride, fluorine has the same enhancing effect. With no fluorine, the diffusion coefficients were independent of oxide thickness. When fluorine is implanted into polycrystalline silicon, especially with a high dose, the diffusion coefficient is larger for thinner oxides because of the higher fluorine concentration.