gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compositional Dependence of the Performance of Poly(<i>p</i>‐phenylene vinylene):Methanofullerene Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells (2005)

Abstract The dependence of the performance of OC 1 C 10 ‐PPV:PCBM (poly(2‐methoxy‐5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyloctyloxy)‐ p ‐phenylene vinylene):methanofullerene [6,6]‐phenyl C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester)‐based bulk heterojunction solar cells on their composition has been investigated. With regard to charge transport, we demonstrate that the electron mobility gradually increases on increasing the PCBM weight ratio, up to 80 wt.‐%, and subsequently saturates to its bulk value. Surprisingly, the hole mobility in the PPV phase shows an identical behavior and saturates beyond 67 wt.‐% PCBM, a value which is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of the pure polymer. The experimental electron and hole mobilities were used to study the photocurrent generation of OC 1 C 10 ‐PPV:PCBM bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. From numerical calculations, it is shown that for PCBM concentrations exceeding 80 wt.‐% reduced light absorption is responsible for the loss of device performance. From 80 to 67 wt.‐%, the decrease in power conversion efficiency is mainly due to a decreased separation efficiency of bound electron–hole (e–h) pairs. Below 67 wt.‐%, the performance loss is governed by a combination of a reduced generation rate of e–h pairs and a strong decrease in hole transport.
Synthesis, DNA Polymerase Incorporation, and Enzymatic Phosphate Hydrolysis of Formamidopyrimidine Nucleoside Triphosphates (2006)

The nucleoside triphosphates of N6-(2-deoxy-alpha,beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (Fapy.dGTP) and its C-nucleoside analogue (beta-C-Fapy.dGTP) were synthesized. The lability of the formamide group required that nucleoside triphosphate formation be carried out using an umpolung strategy in which pyrophosphate was activated toward nucleophilic attack. The Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli accepted Fapy.dGTP and beta-C-Fapy.dGTP as substrates much less efficiently than it did dGTP. Subsequent extension of a primer containing either modified nucleotide was less affected compared to when the native nucleotide is present at the 3'-terminus. The specificity constants are sufficiently large that nucleoside triphosphate incorporation could account for the level of Fapy.dG observed in cells if 1% of the dGTP pool is converted to Fapy.dGTP. Similarly, polymerase-mediated introduction of beta-C-Fapy.dG could be useful for incorporating useful amounts of this nonhydrolyzable analogue for use as an inhibitor of base excision repair. The kinetic viability of these processes is enhanced by inefficient hydrolysis of Fapy.dGTP and beta-C-Fapy.dGTP by MutT, the E. coli enzyme that releases pyrophosphate and the corresponding nucleoside monophosphate upon reaction with structurally related nucleoside triphosphates.
Packet mode scheduling in buffered crossbar (CICQ) switches (2006)

Buffered crossbars have emerged as an advantageous switch architecture mainly due to their scheduling efficiency and capacity to operate directly on variable size packets. Such operation requires crosspoint buffers at least as large as one maximum packet each. When we cannot afford that large crosspoint buffers, we are forced to segment packets. Although variable-size segments can be used to avoid padding overheads, we are still left with the cost of reassembly buffers and the associated delays. This paper applies packet mode scheduling to buffered crossbars in order to remedy these shortcomings: all segments of a variable-size packet are switched consecutively in time. We propose two scheduling schemes: probabilistic and deterministic packet mode scheduling. The probabilistic case allows cut-through forwarding and operates with independent crossbar output schedulers, but it requires reassembly buffers. Deterministic scheduling sacrifices some scheduler independence in order to eliminate reassembly buffers. Using simulation we show that it performs very close to buffered crossbars with no segmentation and large buffers at the crosspoints
Asymmetric synthesis on carbohydrate templates: stereoselective Ugi-synthesis of .alpha.-amino acid derivatives (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis on carbohydrate templates: stereoselective Ugi-synthesis of .alpha.-amino acid derivativesHorst. Kunz and Waldemar. PfrengleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 2, 651–652Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00210a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00210a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1223Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Java Language Specification, Java SE 8 Edition (2013)

Written by the inventors of the technology, The Java Language Specification, Java SE 8 Edition is the definitive technical reference for the Java programming language. The book provides complete, accurate, and detailed coverage of the Java programming language. It fully describes the new features added in Java SE 8, including lambda expressions, method references, default methods, type annotations, and repeating annotations. The book also includes many explanatory notes and carefully distinguishes the formal rules of the language from the practical behavior of compilers.
A Modular Task-oriented Dialogue System Using a Neural Mixture-of-Experts (2019)

End-to-end Task-oriented Dialogue Systems (TDSs) have attracted a lot of attention for their superiority (e.g., in terms of global optimization) over pipeline modularized TDSs. Previous studies on end-to-end TDSs use a single-module model to generate responses for complex dialogue contexts. However, no model consistently outperforms the others in all cases. We propose a neural Modular Task-oriented Dialogue System(MTDS) framework, in which a few expert bots are combined to generate the response for a given dialogue context. MTDS consists of a chair bot and several expert bots. Each expert bot is specialized for a particular situation, e.g., one domain, one type of action of a system, etc. The chair bot coordinates multiple expert bots and adaptively selects an expert bot to generate the appropriate response. We further propose a Token-level Mixture-of-Expert (TokenMoE) model to implement MTDS, where the expert bots predict multiple tokens at each timestamp and the chair bot determines the final generated token by fully taking into consideration the outputs of all expert bots. Both the chair bot and the expert bots are jointly trained in an end-to-end fashion. To verify the effectiveness of TokenMoE, we carry out extensive experiments on a benchmark dataset. Compared with the baseline using a single-module model, our TokenMoE improves the performance by 8.1% of inform rate and 0.8% of success rate.
Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Chronic Rheumatic Valvular Lesions (2013)

Rheumatic heart disease continues to be a significant public health problem in many developing countries and in some of the aboriginal populations in developed countries. Echocardiography has become indispensable in the assessment of valve lesions secondary to rheumatic heart disease. It confirms the rheumatic etiology of valvular abnormality as the features are quite typical in most cases. It also helps to exclude nonrheumatic causes of valve lesions. M-mode and cross-sectional echo helps to assess the severity of valve abnormality and its hemodynamic effects on the heart. Further, color flow imaging evaluates the flow across a valve, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Serial echocardiography plays a crucial role in the follow-up of patients with rheumatic heart disease and is very helpful for determining the timing of intervention. Recently, addition of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography has further improved imaging of cardiac valves, especially the mitral valve.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1979)

REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access EQUIPMENT FOR DISABLED. Fourth Edition: DISABLED MOTHER. 1978. Oxford Regional Health Authority on behalf of the Department of Health and Social Security. Available from: Equipment for the Disbabled, 2 Foredown Drive, Portslade, Brighton BN4 2BB. Price £2.40 M. ANNE CHAMBERLAIN M. ANNE CHAMBERLAIN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rheumatology, Volume 18, Issue 2, May 1979, Page 127, https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/18.2.127 Published: 01 May 1979
Molecular Markers for Quantitative and Discrete COPD Phenotypes (2007)

To identify gene expression markers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we performed genome‐wide expression profiling of lung tissue from 56 patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule undergoing surgical resection. Analysis of differential expression between cases (FEV1<70% predicted, FEV1/FVC<0.7) and controls (FEV1>80% predicted, FEV1/FVC>0.7) identified a set of 65 transcripts representing discrete markers associated with COPD. Correlation of gene expression with a quantitative measure of airflow obstruction (FEV1), using both Pearson and Spearman coefficients (p<0.01), identified a set of 65 marker transcripts. A total of 43 transcripts were identified that showed evidence of significant correlation (p<0.05) with quantitative traits and differential expression between cases and controls. Finally, we used this group of disease markers to develop a gene expression signature for COPD capable of predicting disease in a previously published data set generated from patients with severe emphysema undergoing lung volume reduction surgery (Spira et. al., AJRCMB. 2004). Although these data sets represent distinct populations of COPD patients, we identified a molecular signature comprising 15 probe sets representing 8 genes (CIRBP, ZNF207, ARHGEF12, CTSK, ZF, CROP, ARHGAP29, HPGD) capable of 94% predictive accuracy. Our data contribute to the understanding of gene expression changes occurring in the lung tissue of patients with obstructive lung disease and provide additional insight into potential mechanisms involved in the disease process. Funded by NHLBI
Stack size estimation on machine-independent intermediate code for OpenCL kernels (2016)

Stack size is an important factor in the mapping decision when dealing with embedded heterogeneous architectures, where fast memory is a scarce resource. Trying to map a kernel onto a device with insufficient memory may lead to reduced performance or even failure to run the kernel. OpenCL kernels are often compiled just-in-time, starting from the source code or an intermediate machine-independent representation. Precise stack size information, however, is only available in machine-dependent code. We provide a method for computing the stack size with sufficient accuracy on machine-independent code, given knowledge of the target ABI and register file architecture. This method can be applied to make mapping decisions early, thus avoiding to compile multiple times the code for each possible accelerator in a complex embedded heterogeneous system.
Some complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), and palladium(II), with multidentate ligands and the ligand field strength of co-ordinated ethers and sulphides (1967)

The multidentate ligands (o-X·C6H4·Y·CH2)2(X = NH2, Y = O:ON; X = NH2, Y = S:SN; X = NH2, Y = NH:NN; X = Ph2As, Y = O:OAS; X = Ph2As, Y = S:SAS) and (Y = O:ONO; Y = S:NNO; Y = NH:NNO) have been prepared. Comparison of the complexes of cobalt(III), of the types [CoCl2(chelate)]+(chelate = ON, SN, and NN) and [Co(chelate)]+(chelate = ONO, SNO, and NNO) shows that the ligand field strength of the ether-oxygen in cobalt(III) is similar to that of the sulphide-sulphur and lower than that of the imino-nitrogen. The nickel(II) complexes [NiX2(SN)](X = Cl, Br, I, and NCS) have S= 1 and are octahedral while the corresponding nitrato- and perchlorato-derivatives (X = NO3 and ClO4) may have lower co-ordination numbers. The palladium(II) complexes, of the type [PdX2(chelate)](chelate = ON, SN, OAS, and SAS; X = Cl, Br, I, and SCN) are tetracoordinate, the organic ligands acting as bidentate. The ON and OAS ligands appear to be bonded through the nitrogen and arsenic atoms, respectively, spanning trans positions in the complex.
True Material Limit of Power Devices—Applied to 2-D Superjunction MOSFET (2018)

Predictions on limits of silicon in power devices have failed spectacularly in the past, but in spite of that, the theory that generated them is still used today and adapted for wide bandgap materials to justify their superior standing against silicon. The superjunction (SJ) MOSFET was the first device to break by more than one order of magnitude the so-called “limit of silicon” above 600 V. The current theory of SJ seems, however, to define a new technology-based limit rather than a material-based only limit. This implies that by scaling down the dimensions, in particular the cell pitch, the on-state resistances can continually decrease by several orders of magnitude, without a boundary. This paper shows that the downscaling of the cell dimensions cannot happen indefinitely and there is a material-dependent intrinsic limit for any power device, which no longer is limited by the geometry or the technology available. Using an analytical approach, and backed up by advanced numerical simulations, we show that the minimum cell pitch is 0.18 μm for silicon and 0.05 μm for 4H silicon carbide, and further reduction in the cell pitch would result in an increase in the specific resistance. Finally, a new figure of merit for an SJ MOSFET based on a rigorous 2-D analysis is defined.
Water‐Stress Effects on Alfalfa Forage Quality After Adjustment for Maturity Differences (1989)

Abstract Forage quality of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) often is higher in water‐deficit‐stressed plants than in nonstressed plants. At least part of the improvement could result from a delay in plant development due to the water stress. The objective of this study was to determine forage quality response of alfalfa to water stress and to relate this to corresponding changes in plant maturity, phonological development, and growth. ‘Apollo II’ alfalfa was grown in 100‐L containers set into the ground and protected by a movable rain shelter. Plants were watered either weekly or twice weekly to 112,100, 88, 76, and 64% of field capacity during 2 yr. Regrowth herbage was harvested at five weekly intervals beginning 3 wk after the initial cut. Plants were divided into stem bases (portion of stems below and including the sixth node), stem tops, and leaves before forage quality analyses were conducted. Plant maturity decreased linearly with increasing water stress. Averaged over the harvests, leaf‐to‐stem ratio (LSR) increased from 0.60 in the well‐watered treatments to 0.72 in the most severely stressed treatment. Delayed plant maturity and node number did not account fully for the increase in LSR under water stress. In vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) in stems, which increased by about 9% under water stress, was largely accounted for by delayed plant maturity. In stem bases, crude protein (CP) concentration increased by 11% with increasing water stress, even after accounting for differences in plant maturity. Cellulose concentration, expressed on a cell‐wall (CW) basis, decreased whereas CW hemicellulose concentration increased with water stress in both leaves and stems, and these changes were not entirely attributable to differences in plant maturity and growth. Thus, the slowing of plant maturation and growth during water stress accounted for much, but not all, of the changes in forage quality.
EWOS: A sealed-bid auction system design and implementation for electricity interonnector capacity allocation (2013)

Electricity Transmission System Interconnectors are critical infrastructures at a national and European level, connecting different electricity areas. Phenomena of capacity demand congestion of the Transmission Interconnectors are handled with auction mechanisms. In this paper, we describe EWOS, a “sealed-bid, first price” method and auction system for electricity auctions. EWOS guarantees the auction security by implementing a transparent and verifiable by all process, based on public-key encryption and a two-phase time protocol. Additional and demanding critical system security and dependability properties are ensured with the use of security policy, and software assurance. EWOS method being secure, reliable and efficient, is used since 2006 for the conduct of numerous daily, monthly and yearly auctions for Transmission Interconnection capacity allocation.
Design concept of TDMA cellular mobile radio units (2003)

A digital mobile communication system that allows more cellular subscribers as well as achieving upgraded service has been developed. The design concept and performance of car-mounted, portable, and handheld cellular telephones for the digital mobile communication system is presented. Major system parameters standardized by RCR, which are mandatory in the Japanese digital cellular system, and the mobile radio unit configuration based on the specification are introduced. Novel technologies for achieving highly precise and efficient pi /4-shifted QPSK transmission in digital mobile radio units are shown, and excellent performance is demonstrated. Furthermore, based on these technologies, a design method to achieve low power consumption and small-sized handheld telephone is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prostate stem cell antigen is a marker of late intermediate prostate epithelial cells. (2002)

Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA, named for its strong sequence homology to the thymocyte marker stem cell antigen 2) is a cell surface antigen expressed in normal prostate and associated with human and murine prostate cancer. To begin to investigate a possible link between PSCA expression in normal prostate and prostate carcinogenesis, we characterized the phenotype and proliferative behavior of normal PSCA-expressing prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) in tissue culture. PSCA was expressed in a subset of prostate epithelial cells that coexpress basal and secretory cytokeratins. PSCA-positive cells were the direct progeny of PSCA-negative cells and were characterized by a more differentiated morphology and a slower proliferative rate than PSCA-negative cells. Although PSCA-positive cells continued to express basal cell markers such as CD44, they lost expression of the basal cell marker p63. In contrast, expression of prostate specific antigen and androgen receptor transcripts was detectable in PSCA-positive PrEC. These findings suggest that PSCA is a unique marker of an intermediate subpopulation of PrEC in transition from a basal to a terminally differentiated secretory phenotype and may be a useful marker for the study of normal and malignant prostate development.
Crosstalk-driven interconnect optimization by simultaneous gate and wire sizing (2000)

Noise, as well as area, delay, and power, is one of the most important concerns in the design of deep submicrometer integrated circuits. Currently existing algorithms do not handle simultaneous switching conditions of signals for noise minimization. In this paper, we model not only physical coupling capacitance, but also simultaneous switching behavior for noise optimization. Based on Lagrangian relaxation, we present an algorithm which can optimally solve the simultaneous noise, area, delay, and power optimization problem by sizing circuit components. Our algorithm, with linear memory requirement and linear runtime, is very effective and efficient. For example, for a circuit of 6144 wires and 3512 gates, our algorithm solves the simultaneous optimization problem using only 2.1-MB memory and 19.4-min runtime to achieve the precision of within 1% error on a SUN Spare Ultra-I workstation.
ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating cytotoxin of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> represents unique virulence determinant among bacterial pathogens (2006)

Unlike many bacterial pathogens, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not known to produce classical toxins, and precisely how M. pneumoniae injures the respiratory epithelium has remained a mystery for >50 years. Here, we report the identification of a virulence factor (MPN372) possibly responsible for airway cellular damage and other sequelae associated with M. pneumoniae infections in humans. We show that M. pneumoniae MPN372 encodes a 68-kDa protein that possesses ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) activity. Within its N terminus, MPN372 contains key amino acids associated with NAD binding and ADP-ribosylating activity, similar to pertussis toxin (PTX) S1 subunit (PTX-S1). Interestingly, MPN372 ADP ribosylates both identical and distinct mammalian proteins when compared with PTX-S1. Remarkably, MPN372 elicits extensive vacuolization and ultimate cell death of mammalian cells, including distinct and progressive patterns of cytopathology in tracheal rings in organ culture that had been previously ascribed to infection with WT virulent M. pneumoniae. We observed dramatic seroconversion to MPN372 in patients diagnosed with M. pneumoniae-associated pneumonia, indicating that this toxin is synthesized in vivo and possesses highly immunogenic epitopes.
Mechanism of Action of 1-β-D-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Carboxamide (Virazole), A New Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent (1973)

The antiviral activity of the synthetic nucleoside, Virazole (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), against measles virus in Vero cell cultures was substantially reversed by xanthosine, guanosine, and to a slightly lesser extent by inosine. Virazole 5'-phosphate was subsequently found to be a potent competitive inhibitor of inosine 5'-phosphate dehydrogenase (IMP:NAD(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.14) isolated from Escherichia coli (K(m) = 1.8 x 10(-5) M) with a K(i) of 2.7 x 10(-7) M. Guanosine 5'-phosphate (GMP) was a competitive inhibitor of this enzyme with a K(i) of 7.7 x 10(-5) M. Virazole 5'-phosphate was similarly active against IMP dehydrogenase isolated from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, with a K(i) of 2.5 x 10(-7) M. The K(m) for this enzyme was 1.8 x 10(-5) M, and the K(i) for GMP was 2.2 x 10(-4) M. These results suggest that the antiviral activity of Virazole might be due to the inhibition of GMP biosynthesis in the infected cell at the step involving the conversion of IMP to xanthosine 5'-phosphate. This inhibition would consequently result in inhibition of the synthesis of vital viral nucleic acid.