gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Stabilisation of Air in Foods Containing Fat - A Review (1993)

Foods containing aqueous solutions of proteins readily foam when air is introduced into them. When fat is also present, interaction between the two components at the air/water interface may produce a stable foam with characteristic bulk properties. In the case of dairy foams (such as whipped cream), bubbles produced in the whipping process are initially stabilised by the adsorption of protein at the air/water interfaces. Commonly encountered defects in whipping cream arise when large triglyceride crystals, formed in masses of free fat, adsorb to the air/water interface during whipping at the expense of fat globules. In other food systems , fat crystal adsorption is part of the normal stabilizing mechanism. In cake batters produced by 'creaming' with shortening, air is held in the fat phase and stabilised by .B'-gystals; however, bubbles move into the aqueous phase during cooking. Studies with batters in which the air is in the aqueous phase have shown the importance of both protein and .B' -crystals in air stabilisation. The added importance of fat crystals is that they provide extra protein air/water interface for the bubbles as they expand during cooking and, thereby, help to preserve the texture of the final product. The fat protein interactions observed at the air/ water interface of several different foams, provide a unifying mechanism for the stabilisation of air in many diverse food systems.
Erlotinib (Tarceva<sup>®</sup>) inhibits oral cavity carcinoma and synergizes with cisplatin and ionizing radiation in vitro (2004)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays important roles in the growth and development of normal epidermis and numerous malignant human tumors. EGF is a secreted protein and binds to a heterodimeric receptor which possesses an intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. EGF receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor has been shown to specifically inhibit the tumor growth of lung cancer, head and neck cancer, colon cancer and others. The cytotoxic effect of the newly developed tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib or OSI-774 (Tarceva®, OSI Pharmaceuticals) on the oral cavity cancer in cell culture condition was investigated. Tarceva showed a dose-dependent inhibition of the growth of squamous carcinoma of the tongue (SCC-015) in cytotoxic assays. The inhibition of the SCC-015 cells by Tarceva appeared to be within the physiologically achievable concentrations (low μm concentrations). The effect of Tarceva on SCC-15 cells appears to be intra-S phase inhibition as well as an inhibition of G2/M transition of the cell cycle by flow cy...
Dynamics of Structures (1977)

Part 1 Single-degree-of-freedom systems: overview of structural dynamics analysis of free vibrations response to harmonic loading response to periodic loading response to impulse loading responses to general dynamic loading - step by step methods, superposition methods generalized single degree-of-freedom systems. Part 2 Multi-degree-of-freedom systems: formulation of the MDOF equations of motion evaluation of structural-property matrices undamped free vibrations analysis of dynamic response using superposition vibration analysis by matrix iteration selection of dynamic degrees of freedom analysis of MDOF dynamic response - step by step methods variational formulation of the equations of motion. Part 3 Distributed parameter systems: partial differential equations of motion analysis of undamped free vibrations analysis if dynamic response. Part 4 Random vibrations: probability theory random processes stochastic response of linear SDOF systems stochastic response of non-linear MDOF systems. Part 5 Earthquake engineering: seismological background free-field surface ground motions deterministic structural response - including soil-structure interaction stochastic structural response.
A New String-to-Dependency Machine Translation Algorithm with a Target Dependency Language Model (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel string-todependency algorithm for statistical machine translation. With this new framework, we employ a target dependency language model during decoding to exploit long distance word relations, which are unavailable with a traditional n-gram language model. Our experiments show that the string-to-dependency decoder achieves 1.48 point improvement in BLEU and 2.53 point improvement in TER compared to a standard hierarchical string-tostring system on the NIST 04 Chinese-English evaluation set. 1
Estimating the Power Limit of a Lithium Battery Pack by Considering Cell Variability (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Power limit estimation of a lithium-ion battery pack can be employed by a battery management system (BMS) to balance a variety of operational considerations, including optimization of pulse capability while avoiding damage and minimizing aging. Consideration of cell-to-cell performance variability of lithium-ion batteries is critical to correct estimation of the battery pack power limit as well as proper sizing of the individual cells in the battery. Further, understanding of cell variability is necessary to protect the cell and other system components (e.g., fuse and contactor, from over-current damage). In this work, we present the use of an equivalent circuit model for estimation of the power limit of lithium-ion battery packs by considering the individual cell variability under current or voltage constraints. We compare the power limit estimation by using individual cell characteristics compared to the estimate found using only max/min values of cell characteristics. Finally, we consider how the estimation capability and variability will vary with the total number of the cells in the battery pack.</div></div>
Entrez Gene: gene-centered information at NCBI (2004)

Entrez Gene ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene ) is NCBI's database for gene-specific information. It does not include all known or predicted genes; instead Entrez Gene focuses on the genomes that have been completely sequenced, that have an active research community to contribute gene-specific information, or that are scheduled for intense sequence analysis. The content of Entrez Gene represents the result of curation and automated integration of data from NCBI's Reference Sequence project (RefSeq), from collaborating model organism databases, and from many other databases available from NCBI. Records are assigned unique, stable and tracked integers as identifiers. The content (nomenclature, map location, gene products and their attributes, markers, phenotypes, and links to citations, sequences, variation details, maps, expression, homologs, protein domains and external databases) is updated as new information becomes available. Entrez Gene is a step forward from NCBI's LocusLink, with both a major increase in taxonomic scope and improved access through the many tools associated with NCBI Entrez.
Assessing psychometric properties of the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Scale in older adults in independent-living and continuing care retirement communities (2018)

The PROMIS 6-item Sleep Disturbance Scale had acceptable internal consistency and strong construct validity among a sample of elderly older adults in an independent-living community setting. These findings suggest that the PROMIS scale may provide an accurate assessment of sleep disturbance in older adults. Additional validation testing using objective measures of sleep is needed to confirm these findings further.
EUV OPC modeling and correction requirements (2014)

In this paper we discuss the EUV OPC modeling challenges and potential solutions, as well as OPC integration requirements to support the forthcoming application of EUV lithography. 10-nm-node OPC modeling is considered as an example. Wafer and mask process data were collected for calibration and verification patterns, to understand the mask making error/OPC model interactions. Several factors, including compact mask topography modeling impact, were analyzed by means of rigorous simulations and model fitting. This was performed on a large-scale data set, to ensure accurate characterization of the OPC modeling strategies, using a large number of patterns.
Fibrous proteins and tissue engineering (2006)

Fibrous proteins are finding broad impact in biomaterial systems for a range of cell and tissue studies. This impact derives from an improved insight into fundamental structure-function relationships, as well as the unique material properties attained with these protein polymers. Recent advances in the use of these protein systems in a variety of biomaterial and tissue engineering applications are reviewed, with a focus on approaches to control the structure, chemistry, and morphology of the biomaterials formed and enable cell and tissue outcomes to be directed in vitro and in vivo.
Room-Temperature Alternative to the Arbuzov Reaction: The Reductive Deoxygenation of Acyl Phosphonates (2010)

The reductive deoxygenation of acyl phosphonates using a Wolff-Kishner-like sequence is described. This transformation allows direct access to alkyl phosphonates from acyl phosphonates at room temperature. The method can be combined with acyl phosphonate synthesis into a one pot, four-step procedure for the conversion of carboxylic acids into alkyl phosphonates. The methodology works well for a variety of aliphatic acids and shows a functional group tolerance similar to that of other hydrazone-forming reactions.
Java Virtual Machine: the key for accurated memory prefetching. (2006)

The popularity of the Java language is easily understandable analyzing the specific features of the language and the execution environment. However, there are still aspects of the Java execution environment that are not exploited. One of the most distinctive features of this platform is the knowledge that the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) has about the runtime characteristics of the applications. In this paper we show an example of how the JVM could use the applications runtime information to help the operating system in some tasks related to resources management, improving significantly the performance of the Java applications. In particular, we focus on the memory management and on the memory prefetching strategy. We show that it is possible to improve the performace from traditional prefetch approaches. In order to prove this idea we have designed and implemented a prototype to add memory prefetching into de JVM. This prototype achieves to overlap the time required to read the memory from disk with the computing time of the application, improving the final performance of the applications. 1
Study of Viral Replication in HIV-1-Infected CEM T-Cell Subclones Which Are Reduced in Their Ability to Form Syncytia (1992)

The derivation of ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized subclones from the CEM T-cell line has been described. These clones expressed CD4 and bound soluble gp120, however, two of the generated clones were markedly reduced in their ability to form syncytia after infection with either gp160-vaccinia vector or cell-free human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here, we asked at what stage(s) viral infection is blocked in these cells. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that at 6 and 72 h postinfection with HIV-1, cells of the syncytia-deficient clones expressed markedly reduced amounts of viral-specific DNA compared with cells of the parental line or the syncytia-positive clones. Long-term cultures revealed a marked delay in the appearance of reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in the supernatants of these subclones when compared with the parental line and viral replication did not lead to massive cell death. Syncytia formation in HIV-1-infected cultures of the syncytia-deficient subclones was enhanced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) when added 24 h postinfection. In contrast, pretreatment with TNF alpha for 48 h followed by washing and infection of the cells with HIV-1 augmented syncytia formation of the syncytia-positive subclones, but not of the syncytia-negative subclones. Thus, the EMS-mutagenized subclones may provide a tool to study host cell factors required for the establishment of a productive HIV-1 infection and responsiveness to TNF alpha.
Hippocampal CA1 deformity is related to symptom severity and antipsychotic dosage in schizophrenia (2013)

Abnormalities of the hippocampus are intricately involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Hippocampal volume decrease is present at disease onset and has mainly been observed in the anterior and posterior part of the hippocampus. Nevertheless, an association between regionally specific hippocampal shape deformities putatively affecting a pathophysiologically crucial region, i.e. cornu ammonis field 1 (CA1), and symptomatology as well as required maintenance medication has not been observed. The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between CA1-specific hippocampal surface deformations and symptom severity. Furthermore, we aimed to explore whether such specific morphological hippocampus abnormalities statistically predict the maintenance dosage of antipsychotic medication. Hippocampal shape and volume were determined by manual segmentation of high resolution, whole brain, three-dimensional structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Associations between hippocampal volume, specific shape deformities in CA1, and positive and negative symptoms were assessed in 32 patients with schizophrenia and compared with 34 healthy control subjects. In addition to volume reductions of the left hippocampus, patients with schizophrenia displayed specific shape deformities in the left anterior and posterior CA1 subfield. Overall, the severity of positive symptoms was closely associated to these morphological deformities, specifically delusions and hallucinations. In addition, CA1 deformity was linked to the required antipsychotic dosage. Findings were replicated in a second, independent sample. Hippocampal CA1 deformity, possibly reflecting shrinkage, might result from a specific hyperactivity, leading to a circumscribed volume loss. Owing to its physiological function, deficits in CA1 may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of hallucinations and delusions, core symptoms in schizophrenia.
Microstructure Analysis of Poly(lactic acid) Obtained by Lithium tert-Butoxide as Initiator (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrostructure Analysis of Poly(lactic acid) Obtained by Lithium tert-Butoxide as InitiatorJ. E. KasperczykCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 11, 3937–3939Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00115a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00115a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1488Altmetric-Citations192LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
التثقيف اللغوي للطفل وحماية اللغة العربية (الواقع والمأمول في قضية تهميش اللغة العربية) (2017)

تهميش اللغة العربية جدير وواقع، كان على نوع ضيافة اللغات الأجنبية في مجالات الحياة من العلوم والتكنولوجيا ولزوم توافرها في العملية المهنية من الاقتصادية والسياسية والتجارية والثقافية وما أشبه ذلك. وهذا لا يعني أن توحيدها فيها فاضية معنىً، ولكن هذه القضية قد تؤدي إلى تشكيل ثقافي سلبي كعدم فخرتنا باللغة العربية ولم نفضّلها كالأولويات حتى وقعت في الهوامش. وهذا ما يسمى بـ "الهوامش اللاإرادية". قيل، هذه من الآثار المترتبة من صعوبات معرفتنا بها لمتعددات قواعدها وجودة استيعابها وقلة فرص مهنية التي تتعامل بها. هذه الأزمة في حاجة ماسة إلى حلّها، منها بتقوية الثقافة اللغوية المثالية الجديدة والإيجادية. المشروع ليس فقط للطفل ولكنه يفضّل تأملات مهمة لمربيه ماديةً ومنهجيةً.
Hydrolysis of Trimesitylgallium and Trimesitylaluminum:  Structures Along a Reaction Pathway (1996)

Hydrolyses of trimesitylgallium and -aluminum were monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy in the temperature range −60 °C to room temperature using deuterated THF as solvent. The first intermediate of the reaction using water and trimesitylgallium is the monomeric water adduct, (Mes3Ga·OH2)·2THF, 1. Elimination of mesitylene leads to the dimeric hydroxide (Mes2GaOH)2·THF, 2. Excess of water gives Mes6Ga6O4(OH)4·4THF, 3. As a result of this reaction course the corresponding hydrolysis of trimesitylaluminum leads to (Mes3Al·OH2)·nTHF, 4 and (Mes2AlOH)2·2THF, 5. The molecular structures of compounds 1, 2, and 5 have been determined by low temperature X-ray structure analysis. The Lewis acidities of the mesityl containing hydroxides are discussed and compared with those of known aryl- and alkyl aluminum and gallium hydroxides.
Effect of MR contrast agents on quantitative accuracy of PET in combined whole-body PET/MR imaging (2012)

Clinical PET/MR acquisition protocols entail the use of MR contrast agents (MRCA) that could potentially affect PET quantification following MR-based attenuation correction (AC). We assessed the effect of oral and intravenous (IV) MRCA on PET quantification in PET/MR imaging. We employed two MRCA: Lumirem® (oral) and Gadovist® (IV). First, we determined their reference PET attenuation values using a PET transmission scan (ECAT-EXACT HR+, Siemens) and a CT scan (PET/CT Biograph 16 HI-REZ, Siemens). Second, we evaluated the attenuation of PET signals in the presence of MRCA. Phantoms were filled with clinically relevant concentrations of MRCA in a background of water and 18F-fluoride, and imaged using a PET/CT scanner (Biograph 16 HI-REZ, Siemens) and a PET/MR scanner (Biograph mMR, Siemens). Third, we investigated the effect of clinically relevant volumes of MRCA on MR-based AC using human pilot data: a patient study employing Gadovist® (IV) and a volunteer study employing two different oral MRCA (Lumirem® and pineapple juice). MR-based attenuation maps were calculated following Dixon-based fat–water segmentation and an external atlas-based and pattern recognition (AT&PR) algorithm. IV and oral MRCA in clinically relevant concentrations were found to have PET attenuation values similar to those of water. The phantom experiments showed that under clinical conditions IV and oral MRCA did not yield additional attenuation of PET emission signals. Patient scans showed that PET attenuation maps are not biased after the administration of IV MRCA but may be biased, however, after ingestion of iron oxide-based oral MRCA when segmentation-based AC algorithms are used. Alternative AC algorithms, such as AT&PR, or alternative oral contrast agents, such as pineapple juice, can yield unbiased attenuation maps. In clinical PET/MR scenarios MRCA are not expected to lead to markedly increased attenuation of the PET emission signals. MR-based attenuation maps may be biased by oral iron oxide-based MRCA unless advanced AC algorithms are used.
Extent of Use of Aloe vera Locally Extracted Products for Management of Ailments in Communities of Kitagata Sub-county in Sheema District, Western Uganda. (2014)

<i>Aloe vera</i> is widely used locally in communities in Uganda as a medicinal plant. It is said to contain various nutrient substances and vitamins that have curative properties. It is said to heal a variety of diseases in various communities. However the extent of use of this potential medicinal plant in Uganda and the various ailments for which it is used and the treatment outcomes are not clearly established and documented. In this cross-sectional study, carried out in August 2012 in Kitagata sub-county in Sheema district in western Uganda, data was collected from 131 randomly selected adult respondents using an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire. Key informants interviews and focused group discussions were also carried out with purposively selected participants. Data were collected on social demographic characteristics, practices and beliefs about Aloe vera. The data were analyzed using Excel version 2007 and Epi_Info software. To get the proportion of the community that use Aloe vera, the number of respondents that use aloe vera was expressed as a percentage of the total number of respondents. It was found out that all the respondents (100%) know aloe vera plant, 96.1% think that it can cure and 84.7% have ever used it. 90.9% of the respondents believe that Aloe vera is effective in curing ailments. 82.9% of these strongly believe in Aloe vera's effectiveness. The diseases reported included malaria (31%), wounds (23%), abdominal pains (16%) and skin diseases (9%) among others. It was significantly noted that all the participants who had ever used Aloe vera still believe in it. 92.0% respondents reported that they can recommend aloe vera to a friend or relative. Only one participant strongly disagrees that Aloe vera has any curative properties and has never used it.
Isolated virtualised clusters: testbeds for high-risk security experimentation and training (2010)

Adequate testbeds for conducting security experiments and test under controlled, safe, repeatable and asrealistic-as-possible conditions, are a key element for the research and development of adequate security solutions and the training of security personnel and researchers. In this paper, we report on the construction and operations of isolated virtualised testbeds used in two separate security research labs in Canada and France, as part of a joint collaborative effort. The main idea was to use mid- to large-scale isolated computing clusters to obtain high levels of scale, manageability and safety by heavily leveraging virtualisation technology, open-source cluster management tools and a network architecture separating experiment and control traffic. Both facilities have been used for conducting different types of security research experiments, including in-lab reconstructions of botnets, denial-of-service attacks, and virus detection experimentation. They have also been used for teaching and training students in experimental security methods. We describe these facilities and the criteria that we used to design them, the research and training activities that were conducted, and close by discussing the lessons learned and the pros and cons of this approach. 1
ParBlockchain: Leveraging Transaction Parallelism in Permissioned Blockchain Systems (2019)

Many existing blockchains do not adequately address all the characteristics of distributed system applications and suffer from serious architectural limitations resulting in performance and confidentiality issues. While recent permissioned blockchain systems, have tried to overcome these limitations, their focus has mainly been on workloads with no-contention, i.e., no conflicting transactions. In this paper, we introduce OXII, a new paradigm for permissioned blockchains to support distributed applications that execute concurrently. OXII is designed for workloads with (different degrees of) contention. We then present ParBlockchain, a permissioned blockchain designed specifically in the OXII paradigm. The evaluation of ParBlockchain using a series of benchmarks reveals that its performance in workloads with any degree of contention is better than the state of the art permissioned blockchain systems.