gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence and optimal use of OLTC in wind power plants for reactive power capability requirement compliance (2017)

Wind power plants (WPPs) must fulfil Grid Code specified reactive power requirements at their connection points. Thus all the WPP components' influence on reactive power capability counts. The WPP main transformer On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) control settings or control scheme can be optimized in critical borderline cases, possibly enabling sufficient reactive power capability just by a mere control setting adjustment. The influence of OLTC control voltage reference parameter values is studied related to WPP reactive power capability, and noted that even a relatively small marginal influence makes a difference under certain circumstances. In addition, a method for determining the optimal OLTC voltage control parameter values is introduced and demonstrated successfully on an example Test Case.
In vitro antiviral efficacy of ribavirin against feline calicivirus, feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, and canine parainfluenza virus. (1978)

Ribavirin had marked in vitro activity against feline calcivirus, strain 255, and canine parainfluenza virus, but showed only slight antiviral effect on feline viral rhinotracheitis virus. Antiviral activity was manifested by partial to complete suppression of viral cytopathic effect and of viral replication, depending on concentration of ribavirin in the culture medium and dosage of viral inoculum. Concentrations of ribavirin as small as 3.2 microgram/ml and 1.0 microgram/ml showed some activity against feline calcivirus and canine parainfluenza virus, respectively.
Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence (1992)

Preface, F W Lehmann. Semantic Networks, F W Lehmann. Invited Research Family Summaries. Conceptual dependency and its descendants, S L Lytinen. Conceptual graphs as a universal knowledge representation, J F Sowa. The ECO family, N Cercone et al. The KL-ONE family, W A Woods & J G Schmo ze. NETL and subsequent path-based inheritance theories, R H Thomason. The preference semantics family, Y Wilks & D Fass. T e PSN tribe, J Mylopoulos. The SNePS family, S C Shapiro & W J Rapap rt. Articles. Massively-parallel marker-passing in semantic networks, J A Hendler. Structured connectionist models of semantic networks, L Shastri. Subsumption computed algebraically, C Brink & R A Schmi t. A model of hierarchies based on graph homomorphisms, H Mili & R Rada. G anularity hierarchies, G McCalla et al. Beyond IS-A and PART-WHOLE: More semantic network links, J A Markowitz. Sense and preference, B M Slator. A unification-based, integrated natural language processing system, S L Lytinen. A design approach for constructing engineering scenario maps, R Rucker & T A Aldow isan. A uniform representation for time and space and their mutual constraints, R T Hartley. Exploiting lattices in a theory of space and time, D A Randell & A G Cohn. Completing sort hierarchies, A G Cohn. Concept lattices and conceptual knowledge systems, R Wille. A conceptual space approach to semantic networks, A Hautamaki. Defeasible inheritance: A lattice based approach, L Padgham. Prototypes in a hybrid language with primitive descriptions, E Franconi et al. Introduction to graph grammars with applications to semantic networks, H Ehrig et al. Pattern associativity and the retrieval of semantic networks, R Levinson. Declarative operations on nets, H Boley. The existential graphs, D D Roberts. Valental aspects of Peircean algebraic logic, R W Burch. Foliated semantic networks: concepts, facts, qualities, R Marty. The descriptive component of a hybrid knowledge representation language, G P Zarri. Saying more with frames: slots as classes, R Nado & R Fikes. UEST: A model of question answering, A C Graesser et al. Index.
La gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos: Tres recursos metodológicos para su análisis (2010)

El presente trabajo sugiere tres recursos metodológicos que la Teoría Organizacional (TO) brinda para el análisis de la gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos. En primer lugar, se repasan las posibilidades del enfoque clásico de la organización, integrado por las escuelas de la administración científica, la organicista y la organización burocrática. Posteriormente, se revisan las del enfoque del comportamiento administrativo, constituido por la escuela de las relaciones humanas, la del comportamiento organizacional y la escuela sociológica de la organización. Finalmente, se considera la viabilidad de la perspectiva moderna de la organización, representada por los estudios de la organización desde una perspectiva de la complejidad.
Stereotaxic Intraocular Surgery (1972)

This stereotaxic micromanipulator is composed of a baseplate with head stabilization mechanism, a Flieringa ring and support column for fixation of the eye, a three dimensional stereotaxic system, a system for mechanically assisted intraocular micromanipulation, and a collet for a series of interchangeable intraocular tools. Calibrations aid the manipulation of intraocular tools when cloudy or opaque media impair visualization, but visual monitoring of intraocular movements with contact-lens surgical microscopy or indirect ophthalmoscopy is employed whenever possible. This stereotaxic micromanipulator is designed to augment present forms of intraocular surgery and to facilitate the performance of new procedures for the management of posterior segment intraocular disease.
Warfarin reduced major stroke more than aspirin in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation in primary care (2007)

Source Citation Mant J, Hobbs FDR, Fletcher K, et al. Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community population with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370:493-503. 17693178
Recent developments in the field of near-infrared emission microscopy (2004)

In 1996 Infrared Labs introduced the first infrared emission microscope, the IREM1. A simple prototype, using a single NICMOS3 array identical to the 3 arrays still imaging the sky from space, proved that both photoemission and thermal emission from active samples could be accomplished in a single instrument. Most of the IREMs are used only with packaged parts. Currently, six IREM Wafer Probers (Patent No. US 6,515,494 Bl) are in operation with one upgraded to handle C4-wafers of both diameters. Users report that traditional FA and Debug performed at the wafer level dramatically reduces the time to solve a number of significant problems including production yield enhancement. Dramatic advances are coming from the real-time application of powerful image restoration techniques that produce the benefits of superresolution while maintaining photometric accuracy in the final image. Other important uses will emerge as other users adopt this powerful near-IR imaging technology.
Charred organic carbon in German chernozemic soils (1999)

Summary Burning vegetation produces partly charred plant material which subsequently could contribute to the highly refractory proportion of soil organic matter. The presence of charred organic carbon (COC) was investigated in 17 horizons originating from nine soils from Germany and the Netherlands using a suite of complementary methods (high‐energy ultraviolet photo‐oxidation, scanning electron microscopy, solid‐state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance, lignin analysis by CuO oxidation). Charred organic carbon could not be detected in the A horizons of an Alisol and a Gleysol, but it contributed up to 45% of the organic carbon and up to about 8 g kg –1 of the soil in a range of grey to black soils (Cambisol, Luvisol, Phaeozem, Chernozem and Greyzem). All these soils have chernozemic soil properties (dark colour, A–C profile, high base saturation, bioturbation). A 10‐km colour sequence of four chernozemic soils, which were very similar in chemical and physical properties, showed a strong relation between colour and the content of COC. This suggests that the COC affects mainly soil colour in the sequence studied. Finely divided COC seems to be a major constituent of many chernozemic soils in Germany. These results suggest that besides climate, vegetation and bioturbation, fire has played an important role in the pedogenesis of chernozemic soils.
Detection of bacteria by time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2003)

A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique for analyzing biological matter for the detection of biological hazards is investigated. Eight species were considered in our experiment: six bacteria and two pollens in pellet form. The experimental setup is described, then a cumulative intensity ratio is proposed as a quantitative criterion because of its linearity and reproducibility. Time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (TRELIBS) exhibits a good ability to differentiate among all these species, whatever the culture medium, the species or the strain. Thus we expect that TRELIBS will be a good candidate for a sensor of hazards either on surfaces or in ambient air.
A VLSI architecture for the implementation of real-time order statistic filters (1991)

The authors give an algorithm for the real-time computation of the running order statistic (ROS). Order statistic filters (OSFs) or ranked order filters (ROFs) are a class of nonlinear digital filters which have found applications in image processing and in smoothing of speech data. Real-time implementation of an OSF requires the computation of the order statistic (ranked order) of the samples in a window (usually containing an odd number of samples) which gets periodically updated with the arrival of a new sample(s). A modular and highly parallel architecture characterized by programmable window size and required rank order is proposed for the implementation of the algorithm in VLSI form.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of stepping motor torque ripple control for precision profiling (1997)

This paper presents both experimental and mathematical analysis of feedback commutation and drive control for stepping motor torque ripple minimization. The experiments are suggestive of, while the mathematical analysis gives a strong support for, the idea that stepping motor speed ripple could be minimized by adjusting the lead angles and the waveforms of phase excitations. Better servo performance can be attained by reduced ripple. The DQ transformation is used here to simplify the dynamic model. The computation results analysis also provides suggestive ideas for building up the servo system in precision motion profiling.
Visual depth perception based on optical blur (2002)

The depth perception we present in this paper is based on monocular computer vision. The method exploits the physical effect that the imaging properties of an optical system depend upon the acquisition parameters and the object distance. Our approach is working along the edges. The basic principle is to compare the blur in two defocused images of the same scene taken with different apertures (depth from defocus). To increase speed and precision our algorithm is working only at the exact position of ramp edges, which are determined by a biological model of the visual cortex.
The PspA Protein of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Is a Negative Regulator of ς <sup>54</sup> -Dependent Transcription (2000)

In Eubacteria, expression of genes transcribed by an RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing the alternate sigma factor sigma(54) is positively regulated by proteins belonging to the family of enhancer-binding proteins (EBPs). These proteins bind to upstream activation sequences and are required for the initiation of transcription at the sigma(54)-dependent promoters. They are typically inactive until modified in their N-terminal regulatory domain either by specific phosphorylation or by the binding of a small effector molecule. EBPs lacking this domain, such as the PspF activator of the sigma(54)-dependent pspA promoter, are constitutively active. We describe here the in vivo and in vitro properties of the PspA protein of Escherichia coli, which negatively regulates expression of the pspA promoter without binding DNA directly.
Audio Power Amplifier Design Handbook (2012)

Douglas Self offers a tried and tested method for designing audio amplifiers in a way that improves performance at every point in the circuit where distortion can creep in - without significantly increasing cost. His quest for the Blameless Amplifier takes readers through the causes of distortion, measurement techniques, and design solutions to minimise distortion and efficiency. The result is a book that is crammed with unique insights into audio design and performance, as well as complete amplifier designs and schematics.Whether you are a dedicated audiophile who wants to gain a more complete understanding of the design issues behind a truly great amp, or a professional electronic designer seeking to learn more about the art of amplifier design, Douglas Self's Handbook is the essential guide to design principles and practice. Self is senior designer with a high-end audio manufacturer, as well as author of numerous magazine articles in the pages of Electronics World / Wireless World. His career in audio design is the foundation of a book that is based solidly on practical experience as well as a dedication to a methodology based on measurement, analysis and scientific design principles.The fourth edition includes new material on DC offset protection circuitry, the design of DC servos and electrical safety and safety standards. In addition, there is a new chapter on Class D power amplifiers.EPS files for selected figures are available at https://books.elsevier.com/companions/9780750680721
<title>Focal plane resolution and overlapped array TDI imaging</title> (2008)

In this paper we model sub-pixel image registration for a generic earth-observing satellite system with a focal plane using two offset Time Delay and Integrate (TDI) arrays in the focal plane to improve the achievable ground resolution over the resolution achievable with a single array. The modeling process starts with a high-resolution image as ground truth. The Parameterized Image Chain Analysis & Simulation SOftware (PICASSO) modeling tool is used to degrade the images to match the optical transfer function, sampling, and noise characteristics of the target system. The model outputs a pair of images with a separation close to the nominal half-pixel separation between the overlapped arrays. A registration estimation algorithm is used to measure the offset for image reconstruction. The two images are aligned and summed on a grid with twice the capture resolution. We compare the resolution in images between the inputs before overlap, the reconstructed image, and a simulation for the image which would have been captured on a focal plane with twice the resolution. We find the performance to always be better than the lower resolution baseline, and to approach the performance of the high-resolution array in the ideal case. We show that the overlapped array imager significantly outperforms both the conventional high- and low-resolution imagers in conditions with high image smear.
Sonogashira Coupling Reaction with Palladium Powder, Potassium Fluoride in Aqueous Media. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Using mobile phones in education (2004)

We present three projects in mobile learning. First, we polled 333 Japanese university students regarding their use of mobile devices. 100% reported owning a mobile phone. 99% send email on their mobile phones, exchanging some 200 email messages each week. 66% email peers about classes; 44% email for studying. In contrast, only 43% email on PCs, exchanging an average of only 2 messages per week. Only 20% had used a PDA. Second, we emailed 100-word English vocabulary lessons at timed intervals to the mobile phones of 44 Japanese university students, hoping to promote regular study. Compared with students urged to regularly study identical materials on paper or Web, students receiving mobile email learned more (p<0.05). 71% of the subjects preferred receiving these lessons on mobile phones rather than PCs. 93% felt this a valuable teaching method. Third, we created a Web site explaining English idioms. Student-produced animation shows each idiom's literal meaning; a video shows the idiomatic meaning. Textual materials include an explanation, script, and quiz. 31 college sophomores evaluated the site using video-capable mobile phones, finding few technical difficulties, and rating highly its educational effectiveness.
Enzyme immobilisation on self-organised nanopatterned electrode surfaces (2010)

A new method is described for immobilisation of enzymes on polymer-coated Pt islands. These islands are deposited on top of a SAM-covered Au(111) electrode by a combination of electroless and electrochemical deposition, which allows for a variation of island size and distance between the islands. Here we describe the immobilisation of pyranose-2-oxidase (P2Ox) and the catalytic response to D-glucose on such a nanopatterned surface, which provides optimum access to the active centres of the enzyme.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Haplotypes of CYP1A2 in a Japanese Population (2005)

In order to identify genetic polymorphisms and haplotype frequencies of CYP1A2 in a Japanese population, the enhancer and promoter regions, all the exons with their surrounding introns, and intron 1 were sequenced from genomic DNA from 250 Japanese subjects. Thirty-three polymorphisms were found, including 13 novel ones: 2 in the enhancer region, 5 in the exons, and 6 in the introns. The most common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was -163C>A (CYP1A2*1F allele) with a 0.628 frequency. In addition to six previously reported non-synonymous SNPs, three novel ones, 125C>G (P42R, CYP1A2*15 allele, MPJ6_1A2032), 1130G>A (R377Q, *16 allele, MPJ6_1A2033), and 1367G>A (R456H, *8 allele, MPJ6_1A2019), were found with frequencies of 0.002, 0.002, and 0.004, respectively. No polymorphism was found in the known nuclear transcriptional factor-binding sites in the enhancer region. Based on linkage disequilibrium analysis, the CYP1A2 gene was analyzed as one haplotype block. Using the 33 detected polymorphisms, 14 haplotypes were unambiguously identified, and 17 haplotypes were inferred by aid of an expectation-maximization-based program. Among them, the second major haplotype CYP1A2*1L is composed of -3860G>A (*1C allele), -2467delT (*1D allele), and -163C>A (*1F allele). Network analysis suggested that relatively rare haplotypes were derived from three major haplotypes, *1A, *1M, and *1N in most cases. Our findings provide fundamental and useful information for genotyping CYP1A2 in the Japanese, and probably Asian populations.
Formal verification of synthesized analog designs (2003)

We present an approach for formal verification of the DC and low frequency behavior of synthesized analog designs containing linear components and components whose behavior can be represented by piecewise linear models. A formal model of the structural description of a synthesized design is extracted from the sized component netlist produced by the synthesis tool, in terms of characteristic behavior of the components and various voltage and current laws. For the implementation to be correct, it must imply a formal model extracted from a user given behavior specification. Circuit implementation and expected behavior are both modeled in the PVS higher-order logic proof checker as linear functions and the PVS decision procedures are used to prove the implication.
The Jaguar XJ220 Triple-Cone Synchronizer A Case Study (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">As befits such a prestigious vehicle, the transmission shift system of the Jaguar XJ220 supercar requires ‘state-of-the-art’ performance, with particular emphasis on low effort, minimal travel and positive feel. To meet these targets, a high capacity triple-cone synchroniser is specified for both first and second gears. The design of this new synchroniser system is discussed, together with a review of the analysis, testing and development undertaken to achieve a successful and reliable solution. This success is measured by favourable vehicle reviews noting the ‘superb’ gearchange. Additionally, the reliability of the synchroniser system, and the transmission as a whole, was further demonstrated when an XJ220 won the GT class in the 1993 Le Mans 24 hours endurance race.</div>
Herpes Simplex Inhibits the Capacity of Lymphoblastoid B Cell Lines to Stimulate CD4+ T Cells (2001)

HSV establish a lifelong persistent infection in their host even among immunocompetent persons. The viruses use a variety of immune evasion strategies, presumably to assist persistent replication in the human host. We have observed that infection of human B lymphoblastoid cells (B-LCL) by HSV resulted in a strong inhibition of their ability to induce CD4(+) T cell clone proliferation and cytokine secretion. This inhibitory effect occurs in a variety of both HSV- and HIV-specific clones from three different patients. The inhibition is observed when the Ag is provided either as a soluble protein or as a synthetic peptide and is not associated with detectable down-modulation of the MHC class II molecules or costimulatory molecules. Expression of the HSV-1 unique sequence 1 gene (US1) is necessary and sufficient to induce this inhibition of APC function. US1 gene expression also made B-LCL less susceptible to CD4(+) T cell-mediated lysis. These data indicate a novel immune evasion strategy by HSV-1 in which Ag-processing cells that become infected by HSV-1 are inhibited in their ability to induce subsequent CD4(+) T cell activation.
Inverse-Category-Frequency based supervised term weighting scheme for text categorization (2010)

Term weighting schemes often dominate the performance of many classifiers, such as kNN, centroid-based classifier and SVMs. The widely used term weighting scheme in text categorization, i.e., tf.idf, is originated from information retrieval (IR) field. The intuition behind idf for text categorization seems less reasonable than IR. In this paper, we introduce inverse category frequency (icf) into term weighting scheme and propose two novel approaches, i.e., tf.icf and icf-based supervised term weighting schemes. The tf.icf adopts icf to substitute idf factor and favors terms occurring in fewer categories, rather than fewer documents. And the icf-based approach combines icf and relevance frequency (rf) to weight terms in a supervised way. Our cross-classifier and cross-corpus experiments have shown that our proposed approaches are superior or comparable to six supervised term weighting schemes and three traditional schemes in terms of macro-F1 and micro-F1.