gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures of the Teonanácatl hallucinogens. Part I. Psilocybin C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>17</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>P (1974)

The crystal structure of psilocybin, the major hallucinogenic component of Teonanácatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, has been determined in crystals of the monomethanolate. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, a= 1264(1), b= 2911(2), c= 884·7(6) pm, β= 107·37(2)°, and contain two molecules of psilocybin and two molecules of methanol of solvation per asymmetric unit. Data were collected on a four-circle diffractometer; the structure was solved by direct methods and refined by block-diagonal least squares to R 0·049 over 4217 significant reflections. The two independent molecules are both zwitterions, have different conformations, and are involved in a complex hydrogen-bonding scheme in which there are very short phosphate–phosphate hydrogen bonds, and in which the methanol of solution also takes part. Significant deviations of the substituents from the indole plane are apparent. Bond lengths have been determined to a precision of 0·5 pm.
High-level debugging in parasight (1988)

Debugging parallel programs with time critical dependencies is difficult due to subtle race conditions that may cause deadlock, starvation, and other errors. These errors can be detected by multiple instrumentation points triggered by logical assertions. Although some advanced debuggers provide a programmer with the ability to define complex logical assertions, they are inadequate for debugging parallel programs due to the high overhead of monitoring these assertions. This paper describes the facilities for high-level debugging in Parasight™ a parallel programming environment. In Parasight, high-level debugging facilities are implemented as separate programs that are linked dynamically to a target program. The target program is controlled by attaching these debugging programs to light-weight instrumentation points that are dynamically inserted and deleted. Different facilities of arbitrary complexity may be created to support high-level debugging. Parasight has been implemented on Multimax™ a shared-memory multiprocessor. It has been used for debugging and profiling “C” programs.
Assessment of flip chip assembly and reliability via reflowable underfill (2002)

This paper presents process concerns of flip-chip assembly via reflowable underfill in terms of substrate prebake, underfill dispensing, chip placement and overmolding that is required in certain applications. Test vehicles with various chip configurations and substrate design have been used in this study. The effects of substrate thickness, bond pad design and solder mask thickness on assembly defects, where void is the major contribution, were extensively elucidated. Meanwhile, approaches to solve the assembly failure have been successfully demonstrated by means of fine-tuning assembly parameters. It was found that voids were mainly from trapped air-bubbles during assembly, where underfill dispensing and chip placement are the major sources, rather than from reflowable underfill outgassing during reflow. The trapped voids could become aggravated after solder reflow process. In addition, pad design and solder mask thickness also significantly affect the void level. This study unveils that substrate bond pad with pre-solder on the surface traps less void than those only with nickel gold finish. For the latter case, substrate heating during underfill dispensing enables to enhance underfill flow and in turn reduces void. Furthermore, die heating that can be implemented via bonding head with heating element during chip placement will dramatically reduce void as well. Discussion will also be given on the impact of solder mask thickness and chip placement; speed (search speed) on void, in particularly for non pre-solder capped substrate.
Granular Fe metal films (1986)

Granular Fe metal films consisting of ultrafine Fe granules imbedded in a SiO2 matrix have been fabricated. The granular microstructure has been revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electron diffraction indicates that the Fe granules are bcc α-Fe and the SiO2 matrix is amorphous. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy indicates that there are no measurable traces of Fe oxides. The magnetic properties of the granular Fe films deviate from those of bulk Fe due to single domain effects.
A Pilot Study of Edrecolomab (Panorex, 17-1A Antibody) and Capecitabine in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Adenocarcinoma (2003)

Edrecolomab (Panorex) is a monoclonal antibody directed against the 17-1A antigen located on the cell surfaces of carcinomas. Clinical activity has been seen in colon and breast cancer. This trial investigated the feasibility of combining edrecolomab with the oral fluoropyrimidine capecitabine (Xeloda). Patients received a loading dose of edrecolomab 500 mg intravenously (i.v.) on day--14, followed 2 weeks later by 100 mg i.v. every 28 days (day 1). Capecitabine was administered to single-patient cohorts at escalating doses of 1500, 2000, and 2500 mg/m2/day in two equally divided doses for 14 of 21 days, beginning on day 1. Additional patients were enrolled at the 2500 mg/m2/day dose level to better define the toxicities of combination therapy. Toxicity assessment was the primary endpoint. Twenty seven patients with advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma were enrolled on this study: 20 were evaluable for toxicity and 18 for response. The most common toxicities were elevated liver enzymes, diarrhea, and hand-foot syndrome. In cycle 1, grade 3 hand-foot syndrome was seen in two patients, and grade 3 diarrhea in one patient. Grade 2 toxicities included diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome, anemia, leukopenia, and transaminitis. Cumulative hand-foot syndrome was observed in four patients treated beyond two cycles. Three patients had edrecolomab infusion reactions during the course of treatment. One complete response and two partial responses were seen. Nine patients had disease stabilization lasting a median of 17.5 weeks (range 14.5-28+). Edrecolomab and capecitabine may be safely given in combination to patients with advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma. Clinical activity is seen in this heavily pretreated patient population.
Current and Future Cooling Technologies Used in Preventing Heat Illness and Improving Work Capacity for Battlefield Soldiers: Review of the Literature (2008)

Many of the cooling methods and devices detailed in the literature are impractical for use in the field. Future research should focus on cooling technologies that are practical in the battlefield and have sustainable cooling effects.
Review: Oxidant—antioxidant imbalance in asthma: scientific evidence, epidemiological data and possible therapeutic options (2008)

Prevalence of asthma has increased considerably in recent decades throughout the world especially in developed countries. Airway inflammation is thought to be prime cause for repeated episodes of airway obstruction in asthmatics. Several studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in initiation as well as amplification of inflammation in asthmatic airways. Excessive ROS production in asthma leads to alteration in key enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione, vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, uric acid, thioredoxin, superoxide dismutases, catalase, and glutathione peroxidases leading to oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in airways. Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance leads to pathophysiological effects associated with asthma such as vascular permeability, mucus hypersecretion, smooth muscle contraction, and epithelial shedding. Epidemiological data also support the scientific evidence of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in asthmatics. Therefore, the supplementation of antioxidants to boost the endogenous antioxidants or scavenge excessive ROS production could be utilized to dampen/prevent the inflammatory response in asthma by restoring oxidant-antioxidant balance. This review summarizes the scientific and epidemiological evidence linking asthma with oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and possible antioxidant strategies that can be used therapeutically for better management of asthma.
Rational diagnostic strategy in diagnosis of ischemic myocardial injury. S-troponin T and S-CK MB (mass) time series using individual baseline values (1993)

The new and sensitive serum markers S-troponin T and S-CK MB (mass) can detect minor myocardial damage (MMD) in patients after an episode of acute myocardial ischemia even when accepted criteria for a myocardial infarction are not fulfilled. High-risk MMD patients constitute about one-third of unstable angina pectoris cases. Since 1989 we have compared S-troponin T and S-CK MB (mass concentration) with catalytic S-CK and S-CK MB determinations in several studies comprising more than 600 patients. We conclude that the combination of the two most cardiospecific and sensitive markers, S-troponin T + S-CK MB (mass), is highly informative in studies and evaluations. If only one marker can be routinely used, S-troponin T may replace current tests. Rational utilization of S-troponin T and S-CK MB (mass) requires an adequate number of determinations within the respective diagnostic time windows using a sampling time schedule relating to time of onset pain in each patient. Individual reference values of each marker may easily be obtained by taking baseline samples in a stable phase, e.g. during convalescence. The data are best understood when they are presented as time series in graphic laboratory reports. The relative increases of the myocardial markers are three to five-fold higher when they are plotted relative to the individual baseline value of each patient than when they are plotted against the respective, general discriminator values for infarction.
Allan deviation measurements of a cryogenic all-sapphire Fabry-Perot reference cavity (2002)

An all-sapphire Fabry-Perot cavity is temperature controlled in a cryogenic (/spl sim/5 K) environment. The cavity is used as a frequency reference to stabilise the output of a diode pumped Nd:YAG laser. The expected stability is discussed and Allan Deviation measurements presented.
Interactive walkthrough of large 3D models of buildings on mobile devices (2007)

Interactive visualization of large 3D architectural models on mobile devices such as PDAs would significantly benefit applications such as indoor navigators and mobile tourist guides, on-site monitoring and annotation of architectural designs at construction sites, evacuation training and evacuation guidance.
Outcomes of Cellophane Banding for Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in 106 Dogs and 5 Cats (2003)

Slow occlusion of portosystemic shunts using a variety of methods is being evaluated world wide. Cellophane banding is a relatively simple procedure with comparable safety and efficacy to previously reported techniques.
Removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater using chitosan coated oil palm shell charcoal (2005)

This research focuses on understanding biosorption process and developing a cost effective technology for treatment of heavy metals-contaminated industrial wastewater. A new composite biosorbent has been prepared by coating chitosan onto acid treated oil palm shell charcoal (AOPSC). Chitosan loading on the AOPSC support is about 21% by weight. The shape of the adsorbent is nearly spherical with particle diameter ranging 100~150 µm. The adsorption capacity of the composite biosorbent was evaluated by measuring the extent of adsorption of chromium metal ions from water under equilibrium conditions at 25oC. Using Langmuir isotherm model, the equilibrium data yielded the following ultimate capacity values for the coated biosorbent on a per gram basis of chitosan: 154 mg Cr/g. Bioconversion of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) by chitosan was also observed and had been shown previously in other studies using plant tissues and mineral surfaces. After the biosorbent was saturated with the metal ions, the adsorbent was regenerated with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. Maximum desorption of the metal takes place within 5 bed volumes while complete desorption occurs within 10 bed volumes. Details of preparation of the biosorbent, characterization, and adsorption studies are presented. Dominant sorption mechanisms are ionic interactions and complexation.
A UNIVERSAL SCREW PLACEMENT FOR TRIPLANE FRACTURES: DO WE STILL NEED A CT? (2018)

Triplane fractures of the adolescent ankle commonly require operative management. A number of classification systems exist showing a variety of fracture patterns, making fixation planning complex. Our institute has previously presented a classification system that simplifies the fracture pattern. Our aim was to find a fixation method that could be used in all cases. We devised a universal screw trajectory for the epiphyseal fracture based on a partially threaded screw placed medial-to-lateral at 20 degrees to the inter-malleolar axis of the ankle. We retrospectively reviewed the axial CT images of 59 consecutive operatively managed triplane fractures from a single institute to simulate the placement of the screw. In all 59 subjects, the simulated universal screw placement was in a satisfactory position to adequately, and safely, reduce the fracture. Two cases were classified as ‘Tillaux variants’, which are classically managed with a lateral-to-medial screw, but they were deemed to be potentially suitable for the universal screw, indeed in one case the treating surgeon used a medial-to-lateral screw and had a successful outcome. Our classification system demonstrates a reproducible fracture line that is amenable to a universal screw fixation method in the world9s largest published triplane series. It offers a low-tech solution to a difficult problem. This could simplify the preoperative plan and obviate the need for a CT scan, which is relevant to departments treating populations without access to such resources.
Search for the Ideal Plasmonic Nanoshell: The Effects of Surface Scattering and Alternatives to Gold and Silver (2009)

The optical absorption efficiency of nanospheres and nanoshells of the elements Na, K, Al, Ag, and Au are compared, and the effects of surface scattering, as introduced by the billiard model [Moroz, A. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112 (29), 10641−10652] are discussed. We find that the introduction of surface scattering has comparatively little effect on the optimized absorption efficiency of nanospheres, with the maximum absorption efficiency of K nanospheres falling from 14.7 to 13.3. Conversely, the reduction in absorption efficiency in nanoshells is substantial. This effect is compounded in metals with higher plasma frequency. We show that the high comparative plasma frequencies in silver and gold result in a greatly reduced optimized absorption efficiency when compared to nanoshells in the absence of surface scattering. Whereas sodium and potassium, with low plasma frequencies, are not affected as much.
Nicotine worsens the severity of nephropathy in diabetic mice: implications for the progression of kidney disease in smokers (2010)

Epidemiological studies have established the role of cigarette smoking as a risk factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy. We have previously reported that nicotine promotes mesangial cell proliferation and hypertrophy via activation of nonneuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and that nicotine worsens renal injury in a model of acute glomerulonephritis (Jaimes E, Tian RX, Raij L. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292: H76-H82, 2007; Jaimes EA, Tian RX, Joshi M, Raij L. Am J Nephrol 29: 319-326, 2009). These studies were designed to test the hypothesis that nicotine worsens renal injury in db/db mice, a well-established model of diabetic nephropathy, and that reactive oxygen species play an important as mediators of these effects. For these studies, nicotine (100 μg/ml) was administered in the drinking water to control and db/db mice for 10 wk. Blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method, and urine was collected for proteinuria. At death, kidneys were collected for histology and molecular biology. The administration of nicotine did not result in significant changes in blood pressure or blood glucose and resulted in cotinine levels similar to those found in the plasma of smokers. In diabetic mice, the administration of nicotine significantly increased urinary protein excretion (1-fold), glomerular hypertrophy, and mesangial area (∼20%). These changes were accompanied by significant increases in NADPH oxidase 4 (∼30%) and increased nitrotyrosine and Akt expression. In vitro, we determined that nicotine has additive effects to high glucose on reactive oxygen species generation and Akt phosphorylation in human mesangial cells. These findings unveil novel mechanisms that may result in the development of novel strategies in the treatment and prevention of diabetic nephropathy in smokers.
Ductility and work hardening in nano-sized metallic glasses (2015)

In-situ nano-tensile experiments on 70 nm-diameter free-standing electroplated NiP metallic glass nanostructures reveal tensile true strains of ∼18%, an amount comparable to compositionally identical 100 nm-diameter focused ion beam samples and ∼3 times greater than 100 nm-diameter electroplated samples. Simultaneous in-situ observations and stress-strain data during post-elastic deformation reveal necking and work hardening, features uncharacteristic for metallic glasses. The evolution of free volume within molecular dynamics-simulated samples suggests a free surface-mediated relaxation mechanism in nano-sized metallic glasses.
Context dependent edge detection (2003)

To simulate the edge perception ability of human eyes and detect scene edges from an image, context information must be used in the edge detection process. To accomplish the optimal use of the context, the authors introduce an edge detection scheme which uses the context of the whole image. The edge context for each pixel is the set of all row monotonically increasing paths through the pixel. The edge detector assigns a pixel that edge state having highest edge probability among all the paths. Experiments indicate the validity of the edge detector. Upon comparing the performance of the context dependent edge detector with the context free second directional derivative zero-crossing edge operator, the authors find that the context dependent edge detector is superior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemotaxis by Entamoeba histolytica1 (1985)

A micropore membrane procedure to assay taxis by Entamoeba histolytica is described and the results of studies of responses to a variety of soluble substances, bacteria, an rat colon washings using this procedure are reported. Trophozoites migrated in blind well chambers through 8-micron pore size polycarbonate membranes but not nitrocellulose membranes up to 12 micron pore size. Amoebae were attracted toward fresh axenic culture medium (TYI-S), an enzymatic hydrolysate of casein (Trypticase), and a partially purified preparation of N-acetylneuraminic acid from egg mucin, but not purified N-acetylneuraminate or a variety of other low molecular weight metabolites. The response was verified as chemotaxis by checkerboard analysis. Amoebae migrated most dramatically toward suspensions of all of seven bacterial species tested, including motile and non-motile, gram-negative and gram-positive rods and cocci. This response was diminished when the bacteria concentration gradient was eliminated. The response to bacteria culture filtrates was less than 10% of that to bacterial suspensions. A response to clarified washings from the rat colon was detected; this was diminished but not eliminated by filter sterilization of the washings. We concluded that some soluble molecules, possibly of intermediate molecular size, whole bacteria, and both soluble and particulate components of the rat colon provide tactic stimuli for E. histolytica. Scanning electron micrographs of trophozoites migrating towards attractants through membranes showed narrow, extended pseudopodia entering the membrane pores, and enlarging spheres exiting as the cells proceeded through.
Altered Growth Responses of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells From Patients With Primary Pulmonary Hypertension to Transforming Growth Factor-β <sub>1</sub> and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (2001)

We conclude that PASMCs from patients with PPH exhibit abnormal growth responses to TGF-beta(1) and BMPs and that altered integration of TGF-beta superfamily growth signals may contribute to the pathogenesis of PPH.
A Repetition-Rate Stabilized and Tunable, Regeneratively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Using an Offset-Locking Technique (1996)

The repetition rate of a regeneratively and harmonically mode-locked fiber laser at 10 GHz has been successfully stabilized by using an offset locking technique. The clock frequency which deviates from a standard frequency is converted into a voltage signal using a double balanced mixer and an F/V converter. This voltage signal, after passing through electrical control units, is fed back to the PZT on which part of the fiber cavity is wound. In this way, a repetition-rate stability of more than 10 -9 was achieved.
Identification and analysis of genes from Streptomyces pristinaespiralis encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the 4-dimethylamino-L-phenylalanine precursor of pristinamycin I (1997)

International audience
Synthesis and Characterization of Substituted Pyridine Complexes of Molybdenum (IV). Oxotrichlorobis(substituted pyridine) molybdenum (V) (1982)

Green crystalline salts of substituted pyridinium oxopentachloromolybdates(V) were obtained from concentrated hydrochloric acid solution of molybdenum(V)-thiocyanate extract. (X-py were 4-and 3-cyanopyridine, 2-amino-4-picoline and 4-acetylpyridine) were obtained by reflux of the corresponding substituted pyridinium salts of oxopentachloromolybdates(Ⅴ) in absolute ethanol. ()[]O containing the group are dissolved and hydrolysed in water but are insoluble in water, alcohol and acetone. The complexes are paramagnetic compounds
EFFECTS OF ENALAPRIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ON BLOOD PRESSURE, RENIN–ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM, AND ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION: A DOUBLE BLIND FACTORIAL CROSS‐OVER STUDY (1986)

The hypotensive and hormonal effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril (10 mg twice daily) were compared with those of hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg twice daily), with the two drugs in combination and with placebo in 21 patients with essential hypertension. For each patient there were four randomised double-blind treatment phases, each of four weeks' duration, which comprised a 2 X 2 factorial experiment. All blood pressure parameters were reduced in the three active treatment phases compared to placebo (p less than 0.001). Supine mean blood pressures were 119 mmHg (placebo), 113 mmHg (hydrochlorothiazide), 108 mmHg (enalapril), and 98 mmHg (hydrochlorothiazide plus enalapril) (SEM 3 mmHg, ANOVA). Enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide were equally effective and well tolerated and their hypotensive effects were additive. Enalapril increased plasma renin activity (PRA), reduced plasma angiotensin II (AII) and aldosterone concentrations, and reduced ACE activity, whereas hydrochlorothiazide increased PRA, plasma AII, and aldosterone concentrations without altering ACE activity. With combination treatment the effects of enalapril on PRA and plasma AII concentrations were potentiated whereas those on plasma aldosterone concentration and ACE activity were additive. Atrial natriuretic factor plasma concentration in the placebo phase was 92 pg/ml and increased to 145 pg/ml in the hydrochlorothiazide phase (p less than 0.001, SEM 13 pg/ml), but there was no significant change in either the enalapril or combination phases.