gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Interventions to Prevent and Treat Osteoarthritis. Part I: Focus on Fatty Acids and Macronutrients (2012)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of musculoskeletal disability in elderly individuals, and it places an enormous economic burden on society. Management of OA is primarily focused on palliative relief by using agents such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics. However, such an approach is limited by a narrow therapeutic focus that fails to address the progressive and multimodal nature of OA. Given the favorable safety profile of most nutritional interventions, identifying disease-modifying nutritional agents capable of improving symptoms and also preventing, slowing, or even reversing the degenerative process in OA should remain an important paradigm in translational and clinical research. Applying advances in nutritional science to musculoskeletal medicine remains challenging, given the fluid and dynamic nature of the field, along with a rapidly developing regulatory climate over manufacturing and commerce requirements. The aim of this article is to review the available literature on effectiveness and potential mechanism of macronutrients for OA, with a focus on the following: long-chain ω-3 essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, functional ω-6 fatty acid γ-linolenic acid, and macronutrient composition of background diet. There also is a discussion about the concept of rational polysupplementation via the strategic integration of multiple nutraceuticals with potential complementary mechanisms for improving outcomes in OA. As applied nutritional science evolves, it will be important to stay on the forefront of proteomics, metabolomics, epigenetics, and nutrigenomics, because they hold enormous potential for developing novel therapeutic and prognostic breakthroughs in many areas of medicine, including OA.
Chlorinolysis reclaims rubber of waste tires (1981)

Process reclaims rubber and reduces sulfur content by using chlorine gas to oxidize sulfur bonds in preference to other bonds. Rubber does not have poor hysteresis and abrasion resistance like conventionally reclaimed rubber and is suitable for premium radial tires. Chlorinated rubber is less susceptible to swelling by oils and may be used as paint ingredient.
A survey of recent research in image database management (2002)

Research in the area of image database management is surveyed. Results with publication dates of 1984-1990 are covered. The impact of technologies such as optical disk storage, digital video, and high-speed local area networks is explored. Programming paradigms, such as object-oriented programming, rule-based systems, and constraint-based methodologies, are discussed. Research in some of the core areas of image database management is surveyed, and an overview is given of some systems. Conclusions based on the survey are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real-time stereo vision system using adaptive weight cost aggregation approach (2011)

Abstract Many vision applications require high-accuracy dense disparity maps in real time. Due to the complexity of the matching process, most real-time stereo applications rely on local algorithms in the disparity computation. These local algorithms generally suffer from matching ambiguities as it is difficult to find appropriate support for each pixel. Recent research shows that algorithms using adaptive cost aggregation approach greatly improve the quality of disparity map. Unfortunately, although these improvements are excellent, they are obtained at the expense of high computational. This article presents a hardware implementation for speeding up these methods. With hardware friendly approximation, we demonstrate the feasibility of implementing this expensive computational task on hardware to achieve real-time performance. The entire stereo vision system, includes rectification, stereo matching, and disparity refinement, is realized using a single field programmable gate array. The highly parallelized pipeline structure makes system be capable to achieve 51 frames per second for 640 × 480 stereo images. Finally, the success of accuracy improvement is demonstrated on the Middlebury dataset, as well as tests on real scene.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (‐)‐Linarinic Acid Derivatives as Neuroprotective Agents Against OGD‐Induced Cell Damage. (2012)

Abstract Some of the synthesized compounds show moderate to excellent protective potency in the screening for their neuroprotective effects.
Consensus sequence for precursor processing at mono-arginyl sites. Evidence for the involvement of a Kex2-like endoprotease in precursor cleavages at both dibasic and mono-arginyl sites. (1992)

Many peptide hormones and neuropeptides are produced from larger, inactive precursors through endoproteolysis at sites usually marked by paired basic residues (primarily Lys-Arg and Arg-Arg), or occasionally by a monobasic residue (primarily Arg). Based upon data concerning processing of prorenin and its mutants around the native Lys-Arg cleavage site expressed in mouse pituitary AtT-20 cells, we present the following sequence rules that govern mono-arginyl cleavages: (a) a basic residue at the fourth (position -4) or the sixth (position -6) residue upstream of the cleavage site is required, (b) at position -4, Arg is more favorable than Lys, and (c) at position 1, a hydrophobic aliphatic residue is not suitable. These rules are compatible with those proposed by comparison of precursor sequences around mono-arginyl cleavage sites. We also provide evidence that precursor cleavages at mono-arginyl and dibasic sites can be catalyzed by the same Kex2-like processing endoprotease, PC1/PC3.
Estimating 3D Shape and Texture Using Pixel Intensity, Edges, Specular Highlights, Texture Constraints and a Prior (2005)

We present a novel algorithm aiming to estimate the 3D shape, the texture of a human face, along with the 3D pose and the light direction from a single photograph by recovering the parameters of a 3D morphable model. Generally, the algorithms tackling the problem of 3D shape estimation from image data use only the pixels intensity as input to drive the estimation process. This was previously achieved using either a simple model, such as the Lambertian reflectance model, leading to a linear fitting algorithm. Alternatively, this problem was addressed using a more precise model and minimizing a non-convex cost function with many local minima. One way to reduce the local minima problem is to use a stochastic optimization algorithm. However, the convergence properties (such as the radius of convergence) of such algorithms, are limited. Here, as well as the pixel intensity, we use various image features such as the edges or the location of the specular highlights. The 3D shape, texture and imaging parameters are then estimated by maximizing the posterior of the parameters given these image features. The overall cost function obtained is smoother and, hence, a stochastic optimization algorithm is not needed to avoid the local minima problem. This leads to the multi-features fitting algorithm that has a wider radius of convergence and a higher level of precision. This is shown on some example photographs, and on a recognition experiment performed on the CMU-PIE image database.
<title>Image acquisition unit for the Mayo/IBM PACS project</title> (1991)

The Mayo Clinic and IBM Rochester, Minnesota, have jointly developed a picture archiving, distribution and viewing system for use with Mayo's CT and MRI imaging modalities. Images are retrieved from the modalities and sent over the Mayo city-wide token ring network to optical storage subsystems for archiving, and to server subsystems for viewing on image review stations. Images may also be retrieved from archive and transmitted back to the modalities. The subsystems that interface to the modalities and communicate to the other components of the system are termed Image Acquisition Units (LAUs). The IAUs are IBM Personal System/2 (PS/2) computers with specially developed software. They operate independently in a network of cooperative subsystems and communicate with the modalities, archive subsystems, image review server subsystems, and a central subsystem that maintains information about the content and location of images. This paper provides a detailed description of the function and design of the Image Acquisition Units.
MyConnector (2006)

In this thriving world of mobile communications, the difficulty of communication is no longer contacting someone, but rather contacting people in a socially appropriate manner. Ideally, senders should have some understanding of a receiver's availability in order to make contact at the right time, in the right contexts, and with the optimal communication medium.We describe the design and implementation of MyConnector, an adaptive and context-aware service designed to facilitate efficient and appropriate communication, based on each party's availability. One of the chief design questions of such a service is to produce technologies with sufficient contextual awareness to decide upon a person's availability for communication. We present results from a pilot study comparing a number of context cues and their predictive power for gauging one's availability.
<i>In vivo</i> analysis of Pim-1 deficiency (1993)

The Pim-1 proto-oncogene encodes a highly conserved serine/threonine phosphokinase which is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic organs and gonads in mammals. Overexpression of Pim-1 predisposes to lymphomagenesis in mice. To develop a further understanding of Pim-1 in molecular terms, as well as in terms of its potential role in hematopoietic development, we have generated mice deficient in Pim-1 function. Pim-1-deficient mice are ostensibly normal, healthy and fertile. Detailed comparative analyses of the hematopoietic systems of the mutant mice and their wild-type littermates showed that they are indistinguishable for most of the parameters studied. Our analyses revealed one unexpected phenotype that correlated with the level of Pim-1 expression: Pim-1 deficiency correlated with a erythrocyte microcytosis, whereas overexpression of Pim-1 in E mu-Pim-1-transgenic mice resulted in erythrocyte macrocytosis. In order to confirm that the observed decrease in erythrocyte Mean Cell Volume (MCV) was attributable to the Pim-1 deficiency, we developed mice transgenic for a Pim-1 gene construct with its own promoter and showed that this transgene could restore the low erythrocyte Mean Cell Volume observed in the Pim-1-deficient mice to near wild-type levels. These results might be relevant to the observed involvement of the Pim-1 gene in mouse erythroleukemogenesis. The surprising lack of a readily observed phenotype in the lymphoid compartment of the Pim-1-deficient mice, suggests a heretofore unrecognized degree of in vivo functional redundancy of this highly conserved proto-oncogene.
Platin(II)‐Komplexe mit Porphyrinliganden — additive cytotoxische und photodynamische Wirkung (1994)

Von 0 auf 37% bzw. von 19 auf 62% erhöht sich die Zellaktivitätsabnahme, wenn nicht der freie Ligand 1 , sondern sein (NH 3 ) 2 Pt‐Komplex 2 nur im Dunkel oder zuerst im Dunkeln und dann unter IR‐Bestrahlung auf Tumorzellen einwirkt. magnified image
Cell line-dependent variability in HIV activation employing DNMT inhibitors (2010)

Long-lived reservoirs of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) latently infected cells present the main barrier to a cure for HIV infection. Much interest has focused on identifying strategies to activate HIV, which would be used together with antiretrovirals to attack reservoirs. Several HIV activating agents, including Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) and other agents that activate via NF-kB are not fully effective in all latent infection models due to epigenetic restrictions, such as DNA methylation and the state of histone acetylation. DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) inhibitors like 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine (Aza-CdR) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors like Trichostatin A (TSA) have been proposed as agents to enhance reactivation and have shown activity in model systems. However, it is not clear how the activities of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors range across different latently infected cell lines, potential models for the many different latently infected cells within an HIV patient. We determined HIV activation following treatment with TNFα, TSA and Aza-CdR across a range of well known latently infected cell lines. We assessed the activity of these compounds in four different Jurkat T cell-derived J-Lat cell lines (6.3, 8.4, 9.2 and 10.6), which have a latent HIV provirus in which GFP replaces Nef coding sequence, and ACH-2 and J1.1 (T cell-derived), and U1 (promonocyte-derived) cell lines with full-length provirus. We found that Aza-CdR plus TNFα activated HIV at least twice as well as TNFα alone for almost all J-Lat cells, as previously described, but not for J-Lat 10.6, in which TNFα plus Aza-CdR moderately decreased activation compared to TNFα alone. Surprisingly, a much greater reduction of TNFα-stimulated activation with Aza-CdR was detected for ACH-2, J1.1 and U1 cells. Reaching the highest reduction in U1 cells with a 75% reduction. Interestingly, Aza-CdR not only decreased TNFα induction of HIV expression in certain cell lines, but also decreased activation by TSA. Since DNMT inhibitors reduce the activity of provirus activators in some HIV latently infected cell lines the use of epigenetic modifying agents may need to be carefully optimized if they are to find clinical utility in therapies aimed at attacking latent HIV reservoirs.
Electrical parameters, static and dynamic response of I/sup 2/L (1977)

Definitions of easily measurable electrical parameters of I/SUP 2/L cells are given. These parameters are used in analysis of static and dynamic behavior of cascaded inverters. Simple expressions are derived for voltage-current-power- and energy-noise margins, recovery time, fall time, and stage delay at high injector current. The analysis is one dimensional. A saturation control circuit for improving intrinsic delay for Schottky I/SUP 2/L is discussed.
Underground thermal generation of hydrocarbons from dry, southwestern coals (1978)

The LASL underground coal conversion concept produces intermediate-BTU fuel gas for nearby industries such as ''minemouth'' electric power plants, plus major byproducts in the form of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons for feedstocks to chemical plants e.g., substitute natural gas (SNG) producers. The concept involves controlling the water influx and drying the coal, generating hydrocarbons, by pyrolysis and finally gasifying the residual char with O/sub 2//CO/sub 2/ or air/CO/sub 2/ mixtures to produce industrial fuel gases. Underground conversion can be frustrated by uncontrolled water in the coal bed. Moisture can (a) prevent combustion, (b) preclude fuel gas formation by lowering reaction zone temperatures and creating kinetic problems, (c) ruin product gas quality by dropping temperatures into a thermodynamically unsatisfactory regime, (d) degrade an initially satisfactory fuel gas by consuming carbon monoxide, (e) waste large amounts of heat, and (f) isolate reaction zones so that the processing will bypass blocks of coal.
Public Acceptance of Plant Biotechnology and GM Crops (2015)

A wide gap exists between the rapid acceptance of genetically modified (GM) crops for cultivation by farmers in many countries and in the global markets for food and feed, and the often-limited acceptance by consumers. This review contrasts the advances of practical applications of agricultural biotechnology with the divergent paths-also affecting the development of virus resistant transgenic crops-of political and regulatory frameworks for GM crops and food in different parts of the world. These have also shaped the different opinions of consumers. Important factors influencing consumer's attitudes are the perception of risks and benefits, knowledge and trust, and personal values. Recent political and societal developments show a hardening of the negative environment for agricultural biotechnology in Europe, a growing discussion-including calls for labeling of GM food-in the USA, and a careful development in China towards a possible authorization of GM rice that takes the societal discussions into account. New breeding techniques address some consumers' concerns with transgenic crops, but it is not clear yet how consumers' attitudes towards them will develop. Discussions about agriculture would be more productive, if they would focus less on technologies, but on common aims and underlying values.
The preparation of cross‐sections of textile materials by grinding (1970)

SUMMARY Difficulties encountered with existing methods of obtaining cross‐sections of textile materials have been overcome by a grinding technique. This produces good, flat sections of large area and it can be used over a wide range of materials from fibres and cigarette filter tips to fabrics and metallic fibres. Little skill or experience is required and equipment costs are low.
Design and analysis of stably integrated reporters for inducible transgene expression in human T cells and CAR NK-cell lines (2019)

Unlike in T cells, the robust activation-driven inducible expression of genetic cassettes in NK cells requires unbiased genome-wide identification of promoter sequences.
Graph-based 2D road representation of 3D point clouds for intelligent vehicles (2011)

Comprehensive situational awareness is paramount to the effectiveness of proprietary navigational and higher-level functions of intelligent vehicles. In this paper, we address a graph-based approach for 2D road representation of 3D point clouds with respect to the road topography. We employ the gradient cues of the road geometry to construct a Markov Random Filed (MRF) and implement an efficient belief propagation (BP) algorithm to classify the road environment into four categories, i.e. the reachable region, the drivable region, the obstacle region and the unknown region. The proposed approach can overcome a wide variety of practical challenges, such as sloped terrains, rough road surfaces, rolling/pitching of the host vehicle, etc., and represent the road environment accurately as well as robustly. Experimental results in typical but challenging environments have substantiated that the proposed approach is more sensitive and reliable than the conventional vertical displacements analysis and show superior performance against other local classifiers.
Generation of phenotypically aged phosphatidylserine-expressing erythrocytes by dilauroylphosphatidylcholine-induced vesiculation (1996)

In vitro stored red blood cells (RBC) and RBC artificially induced to vesiculate by incubation with dilauroylphosphatidyl-choline were monitored for age- and vesiculation-dependent changes in cell density, membrane lipid asymmetry, and their ability to be recognized and cleared by reticuloendothelial cells. RBC demonstrated a progressive increase in density on self-forming Percoll gradients upon vesiculation and in vitro "aging." Uptake of vesiculated RBC by in vitro cultivated macrophages was increased threefold over non-vesiculated control RBC. The clearance rate of dense vesiculated RBC was biphasic and contained a rapid component and a slower second component consistent with the clearance rates of normal control populations. Determination of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer leaflet of RBC by the PS-dependent prothrombinase assay revealed that PS redistributed to the cell's outer leaflet upon in vitro storage and vesiculation. Inhibition of PS movement by oxidation of membrane sulfhydryls with pyridyldithioethylamine resulted in higher prothrombinase levels and enhanced clearance of vesiculated RBC. These experiments suggest that vesiculation contributes to alterations in membrane lipid asymmetry and cell density characteristic of the aged RBC phenotype.
Proximal tubule H-ferritin mediates iron trafficking in acute kidney injury (2013)

Ferritin plays a central role in iron metabolism and is made of 24 subunits of 2 types: heavy chain and light chain. The ferritin heavy chain (FtH) has ferroxidase activity that is required for iron incorporation and limiting toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of FtH in acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal iron handling by using proximal tubule-specific FtH-knockout mice (FtH(PT-/-) mice). FtH(PT-/-) mice had significant mortality, worse structural and functional renal injury, and increased levels of apoptosis in rhabdomyolysis and cisplatin-induced AKI, despite significantly higher expression of heme oxygenase-1, an antioxidant and cytoprotective enzyme. While expression of divalent metal transporter-1 was unaffected, expression of ferroportin (FPN) was significantly lower under both basal and rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI in FtH(PT-/-) mice. Apical localization of FPN was disrupted after AKI to a diffuse cytosolic and basolateral pattern. FtH, regardless of iron content and ferroxidase activity, induced FPN. Interestingly, urinary levels of the iron acceptor proteins neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, hemopexin, and transferrin were increased in FtH(PT-/-) mice after AKI. These results underscore the protective role of FtH and reveal the critical role of proximal tubule FtH in iron trafficking in AKI.
Thiazole carboxanilide fungicides: A new structure—activity relationship for succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (1993)

Abstract Structure‐activity relationships have been examined for a series of thiazole carboxanilides as inhibitors of succinate dehydrogenase. Electron withdrawing and lipophilic effects are important parameters with regard to the anilide ring. Electron‐withdrawing effects along with steric limitations are also important in the thiazole 2‐position. Maximization of this unique structure activity relationship led to the synthesis of the most powerful succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors yet reported. This succinate dehydrogenase inhibitory activity was found to translate directly to high fungitoxicity toward Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn).
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Triggers Apoptosis in Jurkat Cells Made Resistant by the Overexpression of Bcl-2 (2006)

Isothiocyanates are a class of naturally occurring chemopreventive agents known to be effective at triggering apoptosis. In this study, we show that whereas overexpression of the oncoprotein Bcl-2 renders Jurkat T-lymphoma cells resistant to a range of cytotoxic agents, phenethyl isothiocyanate is able to overcome the inhibitory action of Bcl-2 and trigger apoptosis. A 50-fold increase in Bcl-2 expression shifted the dose-response curve, with an increase in the phenethyl isothiocyanate LD(50) from 7 to 15 micromol/L, but there was still a complete loss in cell viability at doses in excess of 20 micromol/L. At these concentrations, cytotoxicity was strongly associated with caspase activation, phosphatidylserine exposure, and morphologic changes characteristic of apoptosis. Cytotoxicity was inhibited by treatment of the cells with a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor. A structure-activity analysis showed that the phenethyl and benzyl isothiocyanates were most effective at triggering apoptosis in cells overexpressing Bcl-2 whereas phenyl isothiocyanate and benzyl thiocyanate had no proapoptotic activity. Allyl isothiocyanate also had limited efficacy despite its ability to trigger apoptosis in the parental Jurkat cell line. From this information, we propose that isothiocyanates modify a key cysteine residue in an apoptosis regulatory protein and that the aromatic side chain facilitates access to the target site. An in-depth investigation of the cellular targets of the aromatic isothiocyanates is warranted.