gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensor Fault Detection for UAVs using a Nonlinear Dynamic Model and the IMM-UKF Algorithm (2007)

This paper presents a method of Fault Detection, Identification and Accommodation for inertial sensors in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. A nonlinear model of the aircraft's dynamics replace the traditional inertial navigation equations and is used in conjunction with the Interacting Multiple Model and the Unscented Kalman Filter for improving state estimation in presence of inertial sensor faults. Performance comparisons are made between filters using the inertial navigation equations and the dynamic model for the fault-free conditions. It is shown that a matched UKF will result in adequate state estimation regardless of the failure mode and that the IMM-UKF algorithm is a step closer to achieving the same performance. The IMM-UKF is shown capable of maintaining stable state estimates in the presence of all single inertial sensor faults.
Regio- and Enantioselective Functionalization of Acyclic Polyprenoids † (2006)

"In this paper we present the results obtained in the positionalselective functionalization of the double bond located at the terminalisopropylidene unit of acyclic polyprenoids. Studies to introducethe hydroxyl group or related oxygenated functions has beentested using oxidation with SeO2 or catalytic procedures employingPd(II) catalysts. This functionalization is usually found in many naturalor synthetic acyclic terpenes and would permit to carry outepoxydations regio- and stereoselectives. Furthermore, asymmetricdihydroxilation procedure has been optimized in differentpolyprenoids in order to generalize this methodology as the key stepfor the enantioselective synthesis of epoxides"
The influence of donated gametes on the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (1999)

Pregnancies achieved from oocyte, sperm or embryo donation are unique, since they have resulted from donor gametes that are immunologically foreign to the mother. Thus, studying the obstetric outcome of such pregnancies may shed some light on the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, particularly in women conceiving with donated embryos, since the entire fetal genome is allogenic in these pregnancies. In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 144 women were studied. Of these, 72 were infertility patients who had conceived as a result of sperm, ovum or embryo donation and the other 72 women were age- and parity-matched control patients who became pregnant with their own gametes, either spontaneously, or following intrauterine insemination with their partner's spermatozoa. Study patients were divided into three groups depending on the origin of the donated gametes. Group 1 consisted of pregnancies achieved by intrauterine insemination with washed donor spermatozoa (n = 33). Group 2 included women who conceived using donated oocytes (n = 27) and group 3 consisted of women who conceived as a result of embryo donation (n = 12). The incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in the donated gametes study group was 12.5% (9/72) compared with 2.8% (2/72) in the control group. In addition, pre-eclampsia was diagnosed in 18.1% (13/72) of the donated gametes study group compared to 1.4% (1/72) in the age- and parity-matched controls. The increased incidence of gestational hypertension in pregnancies resulting from donated gametes gives evidence for a maternal genetic component, with an equally strong fetal influence, in the complicated aetiology of gestational hypertension, and pre-eclampsia in particular.
Mutagenic activity of three monofunctional and three bifunctional furocoumarins in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). (1981)

The mutagenic activity of photoadditions induced by 4,5'-dimethylangelicin (4,5'-DMA), 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs), angelicin, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) and 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP), was studied in haploid yeast cells at the nuclear and cytoplasmic levels. With regard to the induction of cell killing 4,5'-DMA and 3-CPs were about 5 to 6 times more active than 8-MOP probably due to an efficient repair of 4,5'-DMA or 3'CPs induced monoadditions in DNA. 4,5'-DMA was about 5-fold less active than angelicin, reflecting the different photoreactivities of the compounds towards DNA. In accord with its monofunctional activity, 4,5'-DMA was less efficient on the induction of nuclear reversions but more efficient on the induction of cytoplasmic "petite" mutants per viable cell than 8-MOP and the other bifunctional compounds. In contrast to 3-CPs and angelicin, the reversion induction by 4,5'-DMA followed a 2 hit kinetics. For the induction of CanR forward mutants per viable cell 4,5'-DMA was more efficient than 3-CPs and approached the activity of 8-MOP; angelicin, 5-MOP and TMP were slightly more efficient than 8-MOP, whereas 3-CPs was clearly less efficient. Thus, the monofunctional furocoumarins exert different genotoxic effects when compared on a survival basis. Cell killing effects in the presence and in the absence of oxygen were also evaluated.
Expression of serologically detectable H-2 antigens on mid-gestation mouse embryonic tissues (1981)

Mixed haemadsorption assays using antibody-coated indicator sheep erythrocytes and mouse alloantisera revealed that major histocompatibility complex (H-2) antigens were expressed on cells of 24-72 h cultures of mid-gestation mouse embryonic skin, gut, lung, limb-bud and heart but not of embryonic gonad or kidney. The precise time of detection of H-2 antigen expression and the proportions of cells expressing these determinants depended on inbred strain, specific haplotype, tissue of origin and antiserum batch employed. In all tissues the proportion of cells expressing H-2 increased progressively from day 11-12 post-coitum onwards. The findings are discussed with respect to hypotheses concerning the possible role of major histocompatibility antigens in cellular recognition and interactions during embryogenesis.
Natural killer T (NKT)–B-cell interactions promote prolonged antibody responses and long-term memory to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (2013)

Innate-like natural killer T (NKT) cells critically enhance cell and humoral immunity against infections through recognition of conserved microbial lipid antigens presented by CD1d-expressing antigen-presenting cells, and provision of CD40L and cytokine signals. Whereas NKT cells efficiently licensed dendritic cells to prime potent effector and memory T cells, studies based on model antigens such as alphagalactosylceramide-nitrophenyl conjugates concluded that help to B cells was associated with NKT follicular helper differentiation, but limited to short-term responses without induction of memory. We revisited this surprising conclusion in the context of the extracellular encapsulated pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, where recognition of lipid and capsular polysaccharide antigens by NKT cells and B cells, respectively, provide critical host protection. Using liposomal nanoparticles displaying synthetic lipid and polysaccharide antigens to elicit pure and direct NKT-B-cell interactions in vivo, we observed intense and prolonged antibody responses with isotype switch, affinity maturation, and long-lasting B-cell memory, despite modest or absent NKT follicular helper differentiation. Furthermore, conditional ablation of Cd1d demonstrated a requirement for a two-step process involving first cognate interactions with dendritic cells, for NKT cell activation, and then with B cells, for induction of isotype switch and memory. Thus, NKT help to B cells represents both a major arm of antimicrobial defense and a promising target for B-cell vaccines.
Release characteristics of chitosan treated alginate beads: I. Sustained release of a macromolecular drug from chitosan treated alginate beads (1999)

Alginate and chitosan treated alginate beads were prepared and compared as an oral controlled release system for macromolecular drugs. Dextran (M.W. 70,000) was used as a model substance. The beads were prepared by the ionotropic gelation method and the effect of various factors (alginate, chitosan, drug and calcium chloride concentrations, the volume of external and internal phases and drying methods) on bead properties were investigated. The addition of chitosan increased the drug loading capacity of the beads, and larger beads were obtained in the presence of chitosan. On the other hand, addition of chitosan in the gel structure reduced the drug release from beads. The erosion of the beads was suppressed by chitosan treatment. The drying method was important to the properties of the chitosan-alginate beads. It is proposed that chitosan treated alginate beads may be used as a potential controlled release system of such macromolecules.
Comparison of human RNase 3 and RNase 7 bactericidal action at the Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacterial cell wall (2010)

The eosinophil cationic protein/RNase 3 and the skin-derived RNase 7 are two human antimicrobial RNases involved in host innate immunity. Both belong to the RNase A superfamily and share a high cationicity and a common structural architecture. However, they present significant divergence at their primary structures, displaying either a high number of Arg or Lys residues, respectively. Previous comparative studies with a membrane model revealed two distinct mechanisms of action for lipid bilayer disruption. We have now compared their bactericidal activity, identifying some features that confer specificity at the bacterial cell wall level. RNase 3 displays a specific Escherichia coli cell agglutination activity, which is not shared by RNase 7. The RNase 3 agglutination process precedes the bacterial death and lysis event. In turn, RNase 7 can trigger the release of bacterial cell content without inducing any cell aggregation process. We hypothesize that the RNase 3 agglutination activity may depend on its high affinity for lipopolysaccharides and the presence of an N-terminal hydrophobic patch, and thus could facilitate host clearance activity at the infection focus by phagocytic cells. The present study suggests that the membrane disruption abilities do not solely explain the protein bacterial target preferences and highlights the key role of antimicrobial action at the bacterial cell wall level. An understanding of the interaction between antimicrobial proteins and their target at the bacterial envelope should aid in the design of alternative peptide-derived antibiotics.
July 1992 Japanese Elections (1992)

Elections for half of the 252 seats of the upper house of Japan's Diet (parliament) will be held in late July 1992. The ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) appears unlikely to regain the majority it lost in the previous upper house election in July 1989. It appears that continued, but sometimes difficult, cooperation between the LDP and some of the smaller opposition parties is one likely result of the 1992 election. On the other hand, there is a possibility that significant political changes, such as the formation of a coalition government or even a reorganization of the political parties, could result from an opposition victory. As of early June, there are two large sources of uncertainty regarding the upcoming election: first, the LDP could dissolve the lower house and hold a lower house election on the same day as the upper house election, which would alter all calculations of likely outcomes; and second, political scandals which would probably hit the LDP hardest could be brought to light before the election.
Safety and Tolerability of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Cancer (2019)

Antibody-drug conjugates are monoclonal antibodies attached to biologically active drugs through chemical linkers that deliver and release cytotoxic agents at the tumor site, reducing the likelihood of systemic exposure and therefore toxicity. Currently, there are about 110 ongoing studies implementing antibody-drug conjugates in the treatment of multiple human malignancies. Antibody-drug conjugates carry a feature of the specificity of a monoclonal antibody and the anti-neoplastic potential of a cytotoxin. The first antibody-drug conjugate was approved in 2001, and the field of antibody-drug conjugates has expanded since then with three more antibody-drug conjugates being added to the market. The complex structure of the antibody-drug conjugate poses a challenge in designing a clinically adequate molecule. Antibody-drug conjugates are usually well tolerated with some predictable adverse reactions, as well as new medical issues, that need careful approach. This review provides an outline of the current status of the efficacy and safety of antibody-drug conjugates in malignant diseases.
Clustering coefficients of protein-protein interaction networks (2007)

The properties of certain networks are determined by hidden variables that are not explicitly measured. The conditional probability (propagator) that a vertex with a given value of the hidden variable is connected to k other vertices determines all measurable properties. We study hidden variable models and find an averaging approximation that enables us to obtain a general analytical result for the propagator. Analytic results showing the validity of the approximation are obtained. We apply hidden variable models to protein-protein interaction networks (PINs) in which the hidden variable is the association free energy, determined by distributions that depend on biochemistry and evolution. We compute degree distributions as well as clustering coefficients of several PINs of different species; good agreement with measured data is obtained. For the human interactome two different parameter sets give the same degree distributions, but the computed clustering coefficients differ by a factor of about 2. This shows that degree distributions are not sufficient to determine the properties of PINs.
Control System Analysis and Design Via the “Second Method” of Lyapunov: I—Continuous-Time Systems (1960)

The “second method” of Lyapunov is the most general approach currently in the theory of stability of dynamic systems. After a rigorous exposition of the fundamental concepts of this theory, applications are made to (a) stability of linear stationary, linear nonstationary, and nonlinear systems; (b)estimation of transient behavior; (c) control-system optimization; (d) design of relay servos. The discussion is essentially self-contained, with emphasis on the thorough development of the principal ideas and mathematical tools. Only systems governed by differential equations are treated here. Systems governed by difference equations are the subject of a companion paper.
Effect of Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin on liposome membranes (1987)

The action of Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (VVH), a cholesterol-binding hemolysin, on cholesterol-liposome suspensions was studied. It was observed that an internal marker, K+, of liposomes was released by treating with VVH. Kinetics of the release from the liposomes was almost identical to that from erythrocytes treated with VVH. When uni-lamellar liposomes loaded with the same amounts of K+ and Na+ were incubated with VVH, K+ release was more rapid than Na+ release. K+ release from non-cholesterol liposomes by VVH actions was also observed, but the amount of VVH required was larger than that in cholesterol liposomes. Therefore, it is thought that the existence of cholesterol in membranes might be important for VVH action.
Deep hyperthermia with radiofrequencies in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. (2000)

Patients at advanced stage of colorectal cancer with liver metastases have been treated with deep hyperthermia alone or in combination with chemotherapy (5-FU + FA + MMC). Hyperthermia was achieved by arrangements of capacitive electrodes with a radiofrequency field of 13.56 MHz (RF-DHT). This prospective open single-arm clinical study with 80 patients suffering from liver metastases from colorectal cancer gives some first hints, that deep RF-hyperthermia alone may have a substantial beneficial effect on overall survival time of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Long lasting no-change, partial and even some complete remissions could be observed. The overall median survival time from progression of metastases or relapse was 24.5 months and survival rates at 1, 2 or 3 years from first diagnosis of metastases or progression were twice as high as expected from patients treated with chemotherapy. The combination of hyperthermia with delayed chemotherapy did not change overall survival time. These encouraging results deserve to be confirmed in randomized clinical studies.
Diabetes Outfoxed by GLP-1? (2005)

Foxo1, a member of the Fox0 subfamily of winged-helix forkhead transcription factors, is a target of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signal transduction pathways that activate protein kinase B (PKB) in pancreatic beta cells. Foxo1 is a substrate for PKB, and its phosphorylation results in nuclear exclusion with concomitant alterations in gene expression that are important to cellular growth and differentiation. Because activation of PKB can require insulin receptor substrate proteins (IRS-1 and IRS-2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), it is of interest to determine whether the activity of Foxo1 is also regulated by heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with IRS-1 or -2, PI3K, or PKB signaling potential. Indeed, studies of beta cells have demonstrated that activation of a GPCR for the blood glucose-lowering hormone GLP-1 leads to major alterations of IRS-2, PI3K, and PKB activity. By promoting nuclear exclusion of Foxo1 in a PKB-mediated manner, GLP-1 may up-regulate the expression of a homeodomain transcription factor (PDX-1) that serves as a master regulator of beta-cell growth and differentiation. This STKE Perspective summarizes signaling properties of GLP-1 that may explain its ability to increase beta-cell mass, to increase pancreatic insulin secretory capacity, and to lower levels of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic subjects.
GNA33 from <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> serogroup B encodes a membrane‐bound lytic transglycosylase (MltA) (2002)

In a previous study, we used the genome of serogroup B Meningococcus to identify novel vaccine candidates. One of these molecules, GNA33, is well conserved among Meningococcus B strains, other Meningococcus serogroups and Gonococcus and induces bactericidal antibodies as a result of being a mimetic antigen of the PorA epitope P1.2. GNA33 encodes a 48‐kDa lipoprotein that is 34.5% identical with membrane‐bound lytic transglycosylase A (MltA) from Escherichia coli . In this study, we expressed GNA33, i.e. Meningococcus MltA, as a lipoprotein in E. coli . The lipoprotein nature of recombinant MltA was demonstrated by incorporation of [ 3 H]palmitate. MltA lipoprotein was purified to homogeneity from E. coli membranes by cation‐exchange chromatography. Muramidase activity was confirmed when MltA was shown to degrade insoluble murein sacculi and unsubstituted glycan strands. HPLC analysis demonstrated the formation of 1,6‐anhydrodisaccharide tripeptide and tetrapeptide reaction products, confirming that the protein is a lytic transglycosylase. Optimal muramidase activity was observed at pH 5.5 and 37 °C and enhanced by Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ and Ca 2+ . The addition of Ni 2+ and EDTA had no significant effect on activity, whereas Zn 2+ inhibited activity. Triton X‐100 stimulated activity 5.1‐fold. Affinity chromatography indicated that MltA interacts with penicillin‐binding protein 2 from Meningococcus B, and, like MltA from E. coli , may form part of a multienzyme complex.
Use of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices for charging batteries (2003)

Piezoelectric materials can be used as mechanisms to transfer ambient vibrations into electrical energy that can be stored and used to power other devices. With the recent surge of micro scale devices, Piezoelectric power generation can provide a conventional alternative to traditional power sources used to operate certain types of sensors/actuators, telemetry, and MEMS devices. In this paper, two types of piezoelectric materials were experimentally investigated for use as power harvesting devices. The two types being the commonly used monolithic piezoelectric (PZT) and Macro Fiber Composites (MFC), which were recently developed at the NASA Langley Center. Our experimental results estimate the efficiency of these devices and identify the feasibility of their use in real world applications. In general the power produced by the vibration of a piezoelectric device is on the order of a few milliwatts which is far too little to power for most applications. Therefore, each the transducer is used to charge nickel metal hydride batteries of varying sizes to compare their performance and ability of to store electrical power. The results presented in this paper show the potential of piezoelectric materials for use in power harvesting applications.
A novel <i>trans</i>-spliced mRNA from <i>Onchocerca volvulus</i> encodes a functional S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (1996)

Complete cDNA and genomic sequences encoding the Onchocerca volvulus S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, have been isolated and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence encodes a 42 kDa proenzyme with a moderate level of sequence homology to eukaryotic SAMDCs. Enzymically active O. volvulus SAMDC was expressed at a high level in an Escherichia coli mutant strain lacking endogenous SAMDC. The recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity using DEAE-cellulose, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)-Sepharose and Superdex S-200 chromatography. It was determined that the recombinant proenzyme is cleaved to produce 32 and 10 kDa subunits. The sequence of the N-terminal portion of the large subunit was determined and comparison with the sequence of the proenzyme revealed that the precise cleavage site lies between Glu86 and Ser87. Gel-filtration experiments demonstrated that these two subunits combine to form an active heterotetramer. Comparison of the cDNA and genomic sequences revealed that the SAMDC mRNA undergoes both cis- and trans-splicing in its 5'-untranslated region (UTR). Anchored PCR on O. volvulus mRNA confirmed the cDNA sequence and identified two distinct trans-spliced products, a 22-nucleotide spliced-leader sequence and a 138 bp sequence containing the 22 nucleotide spliced-leader sequence. Genomic Southern-blot analysis suggests that the O. volvulus SAMDC is encoded by a single-copy gene. This gene spans 5.3 kb and is comprised of nine exons and eight introns. The first intron is located in the 5'-UTR and processing of this intron has a potential regulatory function. The 5'-flanking region of the gene contains potential transcriptional regulatory elements such as a TATA box, two CAAT boxes and AP-1-, C/EBP-, ELP-, H-APF-1-, HNF-5- and PEA3-binding sites.
User''s Guide to the MS Macro Language (1992)

M5 is a powerful, easy to use, general purpose macro language. M5.s syntax allows concise, formatted, and easy to read specifications of macros while still giving the user control over the appearance of the resulting text. M5 macros cna have named parameters, can have an unbounded number of parameters, and can manipulate parameters as a single unit. M5 provides separate macro name spaces called ''pools'' that simplify the creation and management of context-dependent macros and dynamic macros (macros defined by macros based on the input). Several examples demonstrate m5''s power and flexibility, including a random string generator that uses BNF grammars to specify the form of the strings; an implementation of a Turing machine; and a demonstration of how m5 can process LATEX input and programming language source in the same file to simplify code maintenance and documentation.