gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic thermal tomography for nondestructive inspection of aging aircraft (1993)

The authors apply dual-band infrared (DBIR) imaging as a dynamic thermal tomography tool for wide area inspection of a Boeing 737 aircraft and several Boeing KC-135 aircraft panels. The analyses are discussed in this report. After flash-heating the aircraft skin, they record synchronized DBIR images every 40 ms, from onset to 8 seconds after the heat flash. They analyze selective DBIR image ratios which enhance surface temperature contrast and remove surface-emissivity clutter. The Boeing 737 and KC-135 aircraft fuselage panels have varying percent thickness losses from corrosion. They established the correlation of percent thickness loss with surface temperature rise (above ambient) for a partially corroded F-18 wing box structure and several aluminum plates which had 6 to 60% thickness losses at milled flat-bottom hole sites. Based on this correlation, lap splice temperatures rise 1C per 24 {plus_minus} 5% material loss at 0.4 s after the heat flash. They tabulate and map corrosion-related percent thickness loss effects for the riveted Boeing 737, and the riveted Boeing KKC-135. They map the fuselage composite thermal inertia, based on the (inverse) slope of the surface temperature versus inverse square root of time. Composite thermal inertia maps characterized shallow skin defects within the lap splice at early times (< 0.3 s) and deeper skin defects within the lap splice at late times (> 0.4 s). Late time composite thermal inertia maps depict where corrosion-related thickness losses occur (e.g., on the inside of the Boeing 737 lap splice, beneath the galley and the latrine). Lap splice sites on a typical Boeing KC-135 panel with low composite thermal inertia values had high skin-thickness losses from corrosion.
Formulation Development and In-vitro Evaluation of Minoxidil Bearing Glycerosomes (2016)

Present study was undertaken to assess the potential of Glycerosomes as a novel drug delivery system for topical application of Minoxidil. Pre-formulation studies were done for identification of drug as well as for determination of its physiochemical properties. Spectra of various mixtures of drug and excipients do not show any additional peak thus, indicating compatibility with each other. Glycerosomes was prepared by using lipid thin film hydration method. Prepared formulations were evaluated in terms of particle size, surface analysis, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release. The formulated Glycerosomes were found to have better surface characteristics and entrapment efficiency. The in vitro drug dissolution study was carried out using egg membrane on modified franz diffusion cell and the release mechanisms were explored. The release data was incorporated into various mathematical models and the formulation follows Higuchi as well as Fickian diffusion. Results study proved that Glycerosomes containing Minoxidil can be an excellent therapy for Alopecia.
Genome-Wide Polyadenylation Maps Reveal Dynamic mRNA 3′-End Formation in the Failing Human Heart (2015)

We provide genome-wide, high-resolution polyadenylation maps of the human heart and show that the 3'end formation of mRNA is dynamic in heart failure, suggesting that APA-mediated 3'UTR length modulation represents an additional layer of gene regulation in failing hearts.
A New In Vitro Ovulation Model for Medaka Based on Whole Ovary Culture (2010)

We sought to establish a new in vitro ovulation model using the whole ovaries of the medaka. Ovaries of the fish, which had been acclimated to the usual reproductive conditions (26 degrees C, 14 h light/10 h dark) and which had then been kept at least one day at 30 degrees C, were isolated 2 h before the expected in vivo ovulation time. When the ovaries were cultured in 90% medium 199 solution at 30 degrees C or 36 degrees C, oocytes were liberated with a gradual increase in the ovulation rate at 2 to 5 h of ovulation time. The maximum ovulation rate was approximately 45%. Ovulated oocytes were fertilized and subsequently developed into adults. In vitro ovulation of medaka ovaries was inhibited by the addition of metalloproteinase inhibitors to the culture. In this in vitro ovulation model, the holes formed on the follicle layer upon follicle rupture at ovulation were sealed, strongly suggesting the importance of the germinal epithelium in the process. The present study indicates that our new in vitro ovulation model is useful for investigating the role of germinal epithelial cells in the ovulate process of the medaka fish.
A reference model for workflow application development processes (1999)

The success of workflow projects to a large extent depends on how workflow application development processes are planned, organized, and conducted. Based on lessons learned from problems encountered during real-world workflow application development projects, this paper presents a reference model for workflow application development processes, which guides project managers and developers through the complex structure of these processes, with the aim of developing more adequate, usable, and reliable workflow applications.
Structurally Characterized Coinage‐Metal–Ethylene Complexes (2008)

Abstract Despite the interest in them, easily isolable and thermally stable Cu I , Ag I , and Au I complexes of ethylene are stilllimited and get increasingly sparse as one descends the group 11 triad towards gold. Recently, there have been some notable developments in this field, including the isolation of gold–ethylene complexes and coinage‐metal adducts with more than one ethylene molecule on a metal center. This article focuses on the chemistry of coinage‐metal–ethylene adducts that have been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Thus far, bidentate and tridentate donors based on nitrogen appear to be the ligands of choice forstabilizing species with an M–C 2 H 4 (M = Cu I , Ag I , and Au I ) moiety. Weakly donating ligands and anions are also commonly used, as they do not interfere with and displace the ethylene from the metal center. The ethylene 13 C NMR chemical shift provides useful information about the nature of the metal–ethylene interaction. In some adducts (especially those with relatively weak M–C 2 H 4 interactions), the change in the C=C bond length upon coordination to the metal site is difficult to discern because it falls within the errors associated with the crystallographically determined C=C bond length value. IR and Raman C=C stretching data would be useful but, probably due to the very weak nature of the IR band and the lack of convenient access to the Raman instruments, are often not reported. In this microreview, results from some computational and gas‐phase spectroscopic studies are also provided for comparison.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Imaging of breast implants—a pictorial review (2011)

The number of women with breast implants is increasing. Radiologists must be familiar with the normal and abnormal findings of common implants. Implant rupture is a well-known complication after surgery and is the main cause of implant removal. Although mammography and ultrasonography are the standard first steps in the diagnostic workup, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most useful imaging modality for the characterisation of breast implants because of its high spatial resolution and contrast between implants and soft tissues and absence of ionising radiation. MRI has the highest sensitivity and specificity for implant rupture, thanks to its sequences that can suppress or emphasise the signal from silicone. Regardless of the technique used, the overall aim of imaging breast implants is to provide essential information about tissue and prosthesis integrity, detect implant abnormalities and detect breast diseases unrelated to implants, such as breast cancer.
Designing a DRM System (2008)

The digital rights management (DRM) systems aim at protecting and enforcing the legal rights associated with the use of digital content distributed on the Internet. Most of such systems use watermarking techniques to implement the content protection. Although the effectiveness of the implemented protection strictly depends on the adopted watermarking techniques, an important role is also played by watermarking protocols. They define the scheme of the interactions that have to take place among the entities involved in the processes of content protection and Web-based distribution governed by the DRM systems. This paper presents a DRM system developed as a Web software platform to implement the copyright protection of multimedia digital content distributed on the Internet. The DRM system is based on a watermarking protocol previously developed by the authors, and has been designed as a service oriented architecture composed of a federation of coordinated Web entities that play distinct roles and interact within a trusted environment.
<title>Digital Filters For The Detection Of Resolved And Unresolved Targets Embedded In Infrared (IR) Scenes</title> (1979)

By applying the concept of analogue matched filtering to spatially correlated background scenes and making the assumption that they are characterized by a first order Markov process, a simple but powerful digital filter is derived. Direct inspection of this filter results in some useful insights into the process of spatial filtering. The usefulness of this filter is further demonstrated by showing its clutter reduction capability on a set of five measured infrared scenes representing a wide variety of terrain and weather conditions. Also, matched digital filters are obtained directly for each of the five measured scenes making no assumption about the spectral content of the backgrounds. Although the resulting filters sometimes differ in form from those obtained using the first order Markov process assumption, their performance is shown to be nearly identical, proving that this assumption provides a useful model for IR backgrounds. Finally, a technique is developed to construct matched filters to detect resolved targets whose size and intensity distributions are known only statistically. Examples of such targets are constructed and the clutter reduction properties of these filters are quantitatively evaluated.
DIRECT LOCATION OF OIL AND GAS BY THE SEISMIC REFLECTION METHOD* (1970)

A bstract The seismic velocity of sedimentary rocks is determined by the porosity, the velocity in the matrix and that in the fluid. The last two are known experimentally. The velocity can be measured from the surface. By applying the time average equation we can find the porosity. If the only difference at two points is the nature of the fluid in one layer, the ratio of the reflectivities of the layer at these points determines the nature of the fluid; this ratio is equal to the ratio of the amplitudes at these points. The size of the reservoir can then be found. The method can be applied to both oil exploration and production. It is more accurate in the latter case because more information is available than in the former case. The method is also more effective in developing discovered fields than the conventional method of relying only on the geological structural configurations.
Automatic no-reference quality assessment for retinal fundus images using vessel segmentation (2013)

Fundus imaging is the most commonly used modality to collect information about the human eye background. Objective and quantitative assessment of quality for the acquired images is essential for manual, computer-aided and fully automatic diagnosis. In this paper, we present a no-reference quality metric to quantify image noise and blur and its application to fundus image quality assessment. The proposed metric takes the vessel tree visible on the retina as guidance to determine an image quality score. In our experiments, the performance of this approach is demonstrated by correlation analysis with the established full-reference metrics peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). We found a Spearman rank correlation for PSNR and SSIM of 0.89 and 0.91. For real data, our metric correlates reasonable to a human observer, indicating high agreement to human visual perception.
Obtaining Calibrated Probability Estimates from Support Vector Machines (2001)

In many supervised learning tasks a learned classifier automatically induces a ranking of test examples, making it possible to determine the relative likelihood that a given test example belongs to a certain class. However, for many applications this ranking is not sufficient, particularly when the classification decision is cost-sensitive. In this case, it is necessary to convert the outputs of the classifier into well-calibrated posterior probabilities. A recent paper that addresses this problem is [7], which introduces new methods for estimating the probabilities from naive Bayes and decision tree classifiers. The goal of this project is to replicate that work using Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Based on the theory of Structural Risk Minimization [5], SVMs learn a decision boundary between two classes by mapping the training examples onto a higher dimensional space and then determining the optimal separating hyperplane between that space. Given a test example x, the SVM outputs a score that provides the distance of x from the separating hyperplane. The sign of the score indicates to which class j example x belongs, where j ∈ {1,−1}. The problem of interest is how to calibrate that score into an accurate class conditional posterior probability, or P ( j|x).
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Technology Delivers Detailed Diabetes Data (2006)

Continuous glucose monitoring, in contrast to intermittent blood glucose (BG) monitoring, provides maximal information about shifting BG levels throughout the day. This article discusses continuous glucose monitoring of its (1) purposes, (2) technologies, (3) accuracy, (4) data analysis, and (5) clinical indications. Continuous glucose monitoring is used to optimize and individualize therapy for the patient with diabetes. Currently available continuous glucose monitoring technologies measure BG minimally invasively by continuously sampling interstitial fluid. The accuracy of individual data points from current continuous glucose monitors is less than the accuracy from intermittent glucose monitors. Trend information, however, is available from continuous glucose monitors, which can be combined with absolute glucose values to improve the predictive value of continuous readings for identifying hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. The use of continuous glucose monitoring facilitates adjustments in therapy. Real-time continuous glucose monitors, which are just starting to appear in the marketplace, will provide a great deal of information that the patient can use immediately any time during the day or night. In conclusion, continuous glucose monitoring is an appealing technology, because it provides information that is unavailable with intermittent monitoring.
An Optimal G-shaped Load Cell for Two-range Loading (2013)

An optimal G-shaped load cell was designed for measuring two ranges of loading. This G-shaped load cell had a mechanical point, by which a light or heavy load could be distinguished. In the shape optimization process, displacements at certain points were maximized without violating stress constraints. The coefficients of elliptical curve functions were treated as design variables. The mass of the load cell was reduced by 6.91 %. The slope of the stress response increased about 19.8 % which significantly improved the sensitivity of the load cell. A prototypical load cell was made. The relation between voltage and load was established with loads from 49 to 490 N. The maximum relative errors in light and heavy loadings estimation are 8.0 % and 1.36 %.
Combined TV format control and sampling rate conversion IC (1994)

A CMOS IC, employing digital interpolation techniques for raster mapping of video signals and including analogue signal processing functions is described. Horizontal format control, sample rate conversion of non line-locked sampled sources and decoupling of deflection signals with respect to the input signal is performed. Both digital and analogue outputs are available from the IC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Approach to Statistical Energy Analysis Model Validation (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is a tool for estimating the response of complex dynamic systems at high modal density. This tool is seeing ever wider application in a range of industries, including aerospace industry, marine industry, and building trades. The automotive industry is beginning to explore the application of SEA to high frequency vehicle acoustic design. The SEA model of vibrational power transmission has a direct analogy to thermal power transmission (diffusion). As thermal power flow is proportional to temperature difference, vibrational power flow is proportional to modal energy difference. In this paper the thermal analogy is exploited to visualize the SEA results. This is accomplished by color coding a finite element representation of the structure.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, the thermal analogy is used to correlate test data with SEA model results. This is accomplished by constructing a test based modal power thermogram. The test based modal powers are calculated from a space averaged velocity and a space averaged drive point impedance. The drive point impedance is a representation of a mass normalized modal density. Dividing the mean square velocity by the averaged impedance results in an estimate of the energy divided by the modal density (modal power). This test derived quantity is then used to construct a thermogram in the same sense as the analytical results. The correlation of the test and analytical thermograms then insures that the desired response is correctly predicted and that the energy transfer path is also correct. This insures that the proper response is calculated and that the model is robust.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This procedure is applied to a D-class trimmed body for structureborne input. The structureborne response is calculated and test and analytical thermograms are shown.</div>
Next-generation generic programming and its application to sparse matrix computations (2000)

The contributions of this paper are the following.
Video annotation tools: A Review (2018)

Due to the advancements of Machine learning and vast usage of multimedia data, the image and video annotation has become quite popular now. In the area of image annotation, the researchers and specially Microsoft research lab have achieved nearly 98% accuracy. But same is not true for the video annotation. This paper presents a review of the state of the art tools being used for video annotation.
Quality Control for Unit-Use Test Systems (2005)

Unit-use testing has existed for many years. Traditional QC materials were readily available and generally accepted, so they were used to control many of the early unit-use or point of care testing systems. However, it has become clear that many of the conventional materials and methods cannot completely control these unitized test systems. In unit-use test systems, the test, whether it is a control material or a patient sample, can only be used once. So by performing a QC sample on the unitized test, it is no longer available to run a patient sample. A “one-size-fits-all” approach is no longer appropriate. Several enhancements have been incorporated into newer unit-use tests, which address this issue. Additionally, NCCLS, now CLSI, developed a consensus guideline to provide manufacturers, users, and regulators with a reference for developing an effective and appropriate process for identifying and managing errors in unit-use systems.
Limited Efficacy of the HSV-TK/GCV System for Gene Therapy of Malignant Gliomas and Perspectives for the Combined Transduction of the Interleukin-4 Gene (1997)

The growth of U-87 or C6 gliomas co-implanted in nude mice with retroviral producer cells (VPC) expressing the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene is only partially impaired by treatment with ganciclovir (GCV). The effect of GCV is even less evident when C6 and VPC are co-implanted into the rat brain. Furthermore, tumors from C6 cells carrying the HSV-tk gene are not eradicated by GCV, although they remain sensitive to GCV when replated in vitro. These limits of the HSV-tk/GCV system in glioma gene therapy may be due to insufficient gene transfer and/or insufficient delivery of GCV to glioma cells. Combination of HSV-tk and one or more cytokines may improve the antitumor efficacy. Among cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) has already been shown to be active against gliomas. In nude mice, GCV treatment inhibited tumor growth more effectively after co-injection of C6 cells with a mixture of VPC transducing IL-4 and HSV-tk genes than after co-injection with either IL-4 or HSV-tk VPC only. In immunocompetent Sprague-Dawley rats, co-injection of IL-4 VPC and C6 cells was also effective in inhibiting the growth of C6 brain tumors, 38% of the animals surviving for at least 2 months. Furthermore, increased and prolonged antitumor efficacy was obtained by transducing both IL-4 and HSV-tk genes.
Determination of fission products and actinides in spent nuclear fuels by isotope dilution ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1995)

An Elan 5000 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument was modified for its installation in a glove-box for the analysis of radioactive materials. An ion chromatographic system was coupled to the ICP-MS instrument. The chromatographic pump was set outside the box while the injection valve and separation column were installed inside the box coupled directly to the cross-flow nebulizer. Performance characteristics of the modified ICP-MS system were evaluated regarding long-term stability, optimum plasma and ion lens conditions, sensitivity and detection limits, polyatomic ions, mass discrimination, detector dead time and uranium matrix interferences. Chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of fission Cs from Ba, for the lanthanide elements (La to Gd) and for the actinides (U to Cm) in order to eliminate isobaric interferences. Isotope dilution analysis was applied for the determination of selected fission products and actinides in spent nuclear fuels after ion chromatographic separation.
Mechanochemical Reactions of the Trimeric Lignin Model Compound Composed of β-Aryl Ether and β‘-Aryl Ether (1995)

Mc>chanochemical reactions of a trimeric lignin model compound (I) composed of ,3 -aryl ether and ,? '-aryl ether were investigated and compared with these of dimeric lignin model compounds (II) and (III). Trimer (I) suffered from heavier mechanochemical conversions and formed higher numbers of degradation and condensation products than t,hr dimers. Thirteen compounds were separated from t.he reaction mixtures of (I) and identified. They included vanillin 2, verat,rylglycerol-,3 -syringaldehyde ether 4, syringaldehyde 8, 3, Ei-dimethoxyl-pbenzoquinone 9, ketones fl and 1_1. which are important leucochromophores and chromophores responsible for light-induced discolorat,ion of bleached high-yield mechanical pulps. Homolytic cleavages of C(Y X,3 and Co '-C,3 ' bonds in the trimer formed t,wo pairs of radical intermediates. The radicals recombined each other and reacted with *O,H, *OH and-H to give compounds 1 to 9 and unidentified condensation products. The dehydrogenation at Ca ' of Trimer (I) produced the ketone u which underwent further conversions to form compounds u to 13.