gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, SENSORY, AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND SHELF LIFE OF PSE AND NORMAL PORK CHOPS (1980)

ABSTRACT Pale, soft, exudative (PSE) and normal pork loins were cut into chops, prepackaged, and stored up to 8 days under simulated retail display at −1°C. At 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days of display, packages of each type were removed for physical, chemical, organoleptic, and microbiological analysis. Chops were evaluated for color, aroma, and general appearance prior to cooking and for tenderness, flavor, juiciness, cooked aroma, and shear value after being cooked to 76° C. Thiamin and TBA values were determined to evaluate changes in nutritional and chemical quality. Myoglobin content and pH of the muscle were used to verify PSE and normal classification of the loins. PSE chops scored lower (P < 0.01) for general appearance, raw color, raw aroma, flavor, cooked aroma, juiciness, and overall satisfaction than normal chops. Normal chops scored slightly less tender and had higher (P < 0.02) shear values than PSE chops. Weight loss was greater (P < 0.01) for PSE chops during display and during cooking than for normal chops. Myoglobin, thiamin, and pH values were higher (P < 0.01) in the normal chops than PSE chops, while TBA values were higher (P < 0.01) in the PSE chops. Color and general appearance scores decreased and TBA values increased more rapidly in the PSE chops than in normal chops as display time increased. Microbiological determinations included total count (25°C and 37°C), lactobacilli, enterococci, coliforms and staphylococci according to standard microbiological procedures. Total bacterial counts (37°C) were higher (P < 0.01) for the normal chops, but there were no significant differences in total bacterial counts at 25°C. Total bacterial counts at 37°C decreased between 0 and 2 days' display and then slowly increased but never reached the original population numbers by the eighth day of display. Numbers of lactobacilli, enterococci, coliforms, and staphylococci were too few to statistically evaluate.
On the origins of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast in tumors at 9.4 T (2014)

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) provides an indirect means to detect exchangeable protons within tissues through their effects on the water signal. Previous studies have suggested that amide proton transfer (APT) imaging, a specific form of CEST, detects endogenous amide protons with a resonance frequency offset 3.5 ppm downfield from water, and thus may be sensitive to variations in mobile proteins/peptides in tumors. However, as CEST measurements are influenced by various confounding effects, such as spillover saturation, magnetization transfer (MT) and MT asymmetry, the mechanism or degree of increased APT signal in tumors is not certain. In addition to APT, nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) effects upfield from water may also provide distinct information on tissue composition. In the current study, APT, NOE and several other MR parameters were measured and compared comprehensively in order to elucidate the origins of APT and NOE contrasts in tumors at 9.4 T. In addition to conventional CEST methods, a new intrinsic inverse metric was applied to correct for relaxation and other effects. After corrections for spillover, MT and T1 effects, corrected APT in tumors was found not to be significantly different from that in normal tissues, but corrected NOE effects in tumors showed significant decreases compared with those in normal tissues. Biochemical measurements verified that there was no significant enhancement of protein contents in the tumors studied, consistent with the corrected APT measurements and previous literature, whereas quantitative MT data showed decreases in the fractions of immobile macromolecules in tumors. Our results may assist in the better understanding of the contrast depicted by CEST imaging in tumors, and in the development of improved APT and NOE measurements for cancer imaging.
PCE Communication Protocol for Resource Advertisement in Multi-domain BGP-based Networks (2009)

PCEP messages are proposed to announce inter-domain resource information typically not advertised by BGP because of scalability reasons. Proposed messages enable effective PCE- based path computations and preserve network stability, scalability, and intra-domain information confidentiality.
VHDL macro library testing using BOAR emulation tool (2002)

In this paper, the testing of DSP and telecommunication macro library with an FPGA based emulation platform is introduced. The BOAR emulation system is targeted for animating accurately the modern ASIC and processor based systems, which make it also an efficient tool for validating the VHDL based macro components. By utilizing the emulator as a part of an ASIC design process, the testing time of the macros is reduced from several months to a few days, providing also huge savings in ASIC development costs and time.
The UCSC Genome Browser (2011)

The University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser is a popular Web-based tool for quickly displaying a requested portion of a genome at any scale, accompanied by a series of aligned annotation "tracks." The annotations generated by the UCSC Genome Bioinformatics Group and external collaborators include gene predictions, mRNA and expressed sequence tag alignments, simple nucleotide polymorphisms, expression and regulatory data, phenotype and variation data, and pairwise and multiple-species comparative genomics data. All information relevant to a region is presented in one window, facilitating biological analysis and interpretation. The database tables underlying the Genome Browser tracks can be viewed, downloaded, and manipulated using another Web-based application, the UCSC Table Browser. Users can upload personal datasets in a wide variety of formats as custom annotation tracks in both browsers for research or educational purposes. This unit describes how to use the Genome Browser and Table Browser for genome analysis, download the underlying database tables, and create and display custom annotation tracks.
Christian Ethics (1944)

Christian Ethics Get access The Fall of Christianity. A Study of Christianity, the State, and War. By G. J. HEERING. Translated by J. W. Thompson. Foreword by E. Stanley Jones. New York. Fellowship Publications. 1943. x + 236 pages and index. $1.50. JAMES HASTINGS NICHOLS JAMES HASTINGS NICHOLS University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XII, Issue 4, November 1944, Pages 245–246, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XII.4.245 Published: 01 November 1944
On Law and Finance (2008)

This volume of Law in Context presents articles on the intersection of law and finance. The articles are arranged into two parts. Part I comprises a set of four articles dealing with aspects of law and finance in China. Part II deals with law and finance issues of wider application.
Proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix and growth control (2001)

Regulated cell growth results from the biological balance between soluble growth-regulating factors, their receptors and the elicited signal cascade on the one hand side and from extracellular macromolecular components and their interplay with membrane receptors on the other side. Proteoglycans have recently been recognized not only to play a part in providing shape and biomechanical strength of organs and tissues, but also to exhibit direct and indirect cell signalling properties. In this review, we discuss the direct growth-regulating role of proteoglycans with special emphasis on the lectican family and on the family of small proteoglycans with leucine-rich repeats (SLRPs). Indirect actions of proteoglycans by modulation of growth factor activities and growth factor distribution are exemplified by discussing the TGF-beta-binding properties of SLRPs and the interactions of core proteins of matrix proteoglycans with other growth factors. It is emphasized that the modulatory role of proteoglycans on cell proliferation cannot be separated from their participation in tissue organization in general, thereby explaining the diverse and sometimes contradictory reports on the effects of proteoglycans on cell proliferation and differentiation.
Simultaneous Radioimmunoassay of Plasma FSH, LH, Progesterone, 17-Hydroxyprogesterone, and Estradiol-17β During the Menstrual Cycle (1972)

Plasma levels of FSH, LH, progesterone (P), 17-hydroxy-progesterone (17-OHP), and estradiol-17β (E2) were measured daily by radioimmunoassay in eleven menstrual cycles from eleven normally menstruating women. The following criteria were used as indirect evidence for a normal ovulatory cycle: 1) mid-cycle LH peak, 2) luteal phase of 12–16 days duration, and 3) plasma progesterone above 5 ng/ml 5–8 days after the LH peak. Nine of eleven cycles studied were considered normal. A mid-cycle peak of E2 and 17-OHP was observed in every normal cycle studied. In one of the normal cycles, two peaks of plasma E2 occurred respectively on days 9 and 22. However, 17-OHP levels were low on day 9 and elevated on day 22. A gonadotropin surge occurred on day 22 followed by a normal luteal phase. The other two abnormal cycles studied either showed low levels of E2 and 17-OHP or a peak of only one of the two steroids. The data suggest that in women, there is a relationship between the steroids 17-OHP and E2, and the mid-cycle surge of gona-dotropins.
Comparison of in vivo postexercise phosphocreatine recovery and resting ATP synthesis flux for the assessment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (2010)

(31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to assess skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in vivo by measuring 1) phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery after exercise or 2) resting ATP synthesis flux with saturation transfer (ST). In this study, we compared both parameters in a rat model of mitochondrial dysfunction with the aim of establishing the most appropriate method for the assessment of in vivo muscle mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction was induced in adult Wistar rats by daily subcutaneous injections with the complex I inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) for 2 wk. In vivo (31)P MRS measurements were supplemented by in vitro measurements of oxygen consumption in isolated mitochondria. Two weeks of DPI treatment induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by a 20% lower maximal ADP-stimulated oxygen consumption rate in isolated mitochondria from DPI-treated rats oxidizing pyruvate plus malate. This was paralleled by a 46% decrease in in vivo oxidative capacity, determined from postexercise PCr recovery. Interestingly, no significant difference in resting, ST-based ATP synthesis flux was observed between DPI-treated rats and controls. These results show that PCr recovery after exercise has a more direct relationship with skeletal muscle mitochondrial function than the ATP synthesis flux measured with (31)P ST MRS in the resting state.
A Dual-Reporter System for Real-Time Monitoring and High-throughput CRISPR/Cas9 Library Screening of the Hepatitis C Virus (2015)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinomas and infects approximately 170 million people worldwide. Although several reporter systems have been developed, many shortcomings limit their use in the assessment of HCV infections. Here, we report a real-time live-cell reporter, termed the NIrD (NS3-4A Inducible rtTA-mediated Dual-reporter) system, which provides an on-off switch specifically in response to an HCV infection. Using the NIrD system and a focused CRISPR/Cas9 library, we identified CLDN1, OCLN and CD81 as essential genes for both the cell-free entry and the cell-to-cell transmission of HCV. The combination of this ultra-sensitive reporter system and the CRISPR knockout screening provides a powerful and high-throughput strategy for the identification of critical host components for HCV infections.
Solar heating for swimming pools: An interim report (1956)

The subtitle of these notes suggests the proximity of a further and more conclusive report. Whether such a report will be written, and whether by this writer or another, is at present unknown, but a useful idea has a persistence of its own. The notes were originally written for a booklet being prepared by the N.Z. Amateur Swimming Association on many aspects of pool design and construction, and are presented here in the hope that they will stimulate interest and possibly further work on the subject.
A SAR Study of Novel Antiproliferative Ruthenium and Osmium Complexes with Quinoxalinone Ligands in Human Cancer Cell Lines (2012)

A series of ruthenium(II) arene complexes with 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-1H-quinoxalin-2-one, bearing pharmacophoric groups of known protein kinase inhibitors, and related benzoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives have been synthesized. In addition, the corresponding osmium complexes of the unsubstituted ligands have also been prepared. The compounds have been characterized by NMR, UV-vis, and IR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and by X-ray crystallography. Antiproliferative activity in three human cancer cell lines (A549, CH1, SW480) was determined by MTT assays, yielding IC(50) values of 6-60 μM for three unsubstituted metal-free ligands, whereas values for the metal complexes vary in a broad range from 0.3 to 140 μM. Complexation with osmium of quinoxalinone derivatives with benzimidazole or benzothiazole results in a more consistent increase in cytotoxicity than complexation with ruthenium. For selected compounds, the capacity to induce apoptosis was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow-cytometric analysis, whereas cell cycle effects are only moderate.
Instability of Sulfate and Selenate Solid Acids in Fuel Cell Environments (2002)

The chemical and thermal stability of several solid acid compounds under fuel cell operating conditions has been investigated, primarily by thermogravimetric methods. Thermal decomposition of CsHSO4, a material which has shown promise as an alternative electrolyte for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, initiates at ∼175°C under inert conditions. The overall decomposition process can be expressed as 2CsHSO4 → Cs2SO4 + H2O + SO3 with Cs2S2O7 appearing as an intermediate byproduct at slow heating rates. Under reducing conditions, chemical decomposition can occur via reaction with hydrogen according to 2CsHSO4 + 4H2 → Cs2SO4 + 4H2O + H2S. In the absence of fuel cell catalysts, this reduction reaction is slow; however, materials such as Pt, Pd, and WC are highly effective in catalyzing the reduction of sulfur and the generation of H2S. In the case of M3H(XO4)2 compounds, where M = Cs, NH4, or Rb and X = S or Se, a similar reduction reaction occurs: 2M3H(XO4)2 + 4H2 → 3M2XO4 + 4H2O + H2X. In an operational fuel cell based on CsHSO4, performance degraded with time, presumably as a result of H2S poisoning of the anode catalyst. The performance loss was recoverable by exposure of the fuel cell to air at 160 °C.
Optical Absorption Properties of Dispersed Gold and Silver Alloy Nanoparticles (2008)

The oldest topic in nanoscience is the size-dependent optical properties of gold and silver colloids or nanoparticles, first investigated scientifically by Michael Faraday in 1857. In the modern era, advances in both synthesis and characterization have resulted in new insights into the size-dependent absorbance of Au and Ag nanoparticles with sizes below the classical limit for Mie theory. In this paper we discuss the synthesis and properties of core/shell and nanoalloy particles of Au and Ag, compare them to particles of pure gold and silver, and discuss how alloying affects nanoparticle chemical stability. We show that composition, size, and nanostructure (e.g., core/shell vs quasi-random nanoalloy) can all be employed to adjust the optical absorbance properties. The type of nanostructure--core/shell vs alloy--is reflected in their optical absorbance features.
Ion Migration and the Role of Preconditioning Cycles in the Stabilization of the <i>J</i>–<i>V</i> Characteristics of Inverted Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells (2015)

Charge extracting layers play a key role in the elimination of hysteresis from J–V characteristics of inverted hybrid perovskite solar cells. Methanofullerene electron extracting layers stabilize short-circuit photocurrents from the very first J–V scan, while preconditioning cycles are needed to stabilize the open-circuit voltage owing to interaction between migrating iodide ions and the charge extraction layer. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Roles of 3′ and 4′ Hydroxy Groups in α‐Galactosylceramide Stimulation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells (2009)

NKT cell stimulation: C3′- and C4′-modified α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) analogues show that the 3′-OH group is crucial for maintaining α-GalCer immunogenicity; any modifications at this position lead to loss of activity. However, the C4′ position is less sensitive and tolerates minor modifications. Moreover, C4′-substituted analogues can induce the release of biased Th2 cytokines. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Genome-wide changes accompanying knockdown of fatty acid synthase in breast cancer (2007)

Together these findings reveal a wide network of pathways that are influenced in response to FAS knockdown and provide new insight into the role of this enzyme in tumor cell survival and proliferation.
Multimodal Person Reidentification Using RGB-D Cameras (2015)

Person reidentification consists of recognizing individuals across different sensors of a camera network. Whereas clothing appearance cues are widely used, other modalities could be exploited as additional information sources, like anthropometric measures and gait. In this paper, we investigate whether the reidentification accuracy of clothing appearance descriptors can be improved by fusing them with anthropometric measures extracted from depth data, using RGB-D sensors, in unconstrained settings. We also propose a dissimilarity-based framework for building and fusing the multimodal descriptors of pedestrian images for reidentification tasks, as an alternative to the widely used score-level fusion. The experimental evaluation is carried out on two data sets including RGB-D data, one of which is a novel publicly available data set that we acquired using Kinect sensors. The fusion with anthropometric measures increases the first-rank recognition rate of clothing appearance descriptors up to 20%, whereas our fusion approach reduces the processing cost of the matching phase.
The antagonism of benzodiazepine withdrawal effects by the selective cholecystokinin<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonist CI‐988 (1992)

The ability of a selective cholecystokininB (CCKB) receptor antagonist, CI-988, to block benzodiazepine withdrawal effects was examined in mice. The discontinuation of twice daily administration of diazepam (1 mg kg-1, i.p.) induced withdrawal anxiogenesis and a proconvulsant effect. In contrast, no such effects were seen following withdrawal from similar administration of CI-988. However, CI-988 dose-dependently (0.001-1.0 mg kg-1, s.c.) antagonized both the anxiogenesis and the proconvulsant effect following diazepam-withdrawal.
NK cell expression of the killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), the mouse homolog of MAFA, is modulated by MHC class I molecules (2000)

Using a new mAb, 2F1, we characterize a mouse natural killer (NK) cell antigen termed 'killer cell lectin-like receptor G1' (KLRG1; formerly mouse MAFA or 2F1-Ag). KLRG1 is expressed on 30-60% of murine NK cells, and a small fraction of T cells, and is composed of a homodimer of glycosylated 30-38-kDa subunits. Strikingly, cell surface expression of KLRG1 by NK cells was substantially down-regulated in mice deficient for expression of class I molecules, in contrast to the Ly49 lectin-like NK receptors, which are up-regulated in class I-deficient mice. We could not demonstrate binding of KLRG1 to class I molecules in a cell-cell adhesion assay. Transgenic expression of KLRG1 under heterologous transcription elements was unaffected by class I deficiency, indicating that class I molecules do not affect the KLRG1 protein directly, and suggesting that regulation is at the level of expression of the endogenous KLRG1 gene. Evidence is presented that class I molecules regulate KLRG1 via interactions with class I-specific inhibitory Ly49 molecules and SHP-1 signaling. Thus, although KLRG1 and Ly49 molecules are both lectin-like inhibitory receptors that are regulated by class I expression, the effects of class I on the cell surface expression of the molecules are opposing, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are distinct.
Bacterial Antigens and Neutrophil Granule Proteins in Middle Ear Effusions (1990)

Otitis media with effusion is a significant cause of hearing loss in young children. We hypothesized that persistent bacterial antigens in middle ear effusions (MEEs) might act as chronic inflammatory stimuli causing release of neutrophil proteins. Concentrations of neutrophil lactoferrin and a 37-kd cationic bactericidal protein (CAP 37) were measured in 47 MEEs collected from 27 children at the time of tympanostomy tube placement. Antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected by latex particle agglutination and those of Haemophilus influenzae by dot-blot assay. Bacterial antigens were detectable in 24 (51%) of MEEs: S pneumoniae in 10 (21%), H influenzae in 12 (26%), and both antigens in 2 (4%). Concentrations of lactoferrin and CAP 37 in H influenzae antigen-positive MEEs were significantly higher than in either S pneumoniae antigen-positive or antigen-negative MEEs. We conclude that H influenzae antigen causes a greater middle-ear inflammatory response, as judged by neutrophil products, than does S pneumoniae antigen.
Artifact reduction with diffusion preprocessing for image compression (2005)

We evaluate a preprocessing method for image compression artifact reduction based on nonlinear diffusion filtering that we proposed earlier. The method consists of using edge-adaptive diffusion processes before the discrete cosine transform (DCT)-JPEG compression. By using a simple measure for artifact reduction, we show that considerable artifact reduction is achieved with preprocessing at the same bit rate as, and with no greater error than, the original compression. We also show that preprocessing helps to preserve the true contours for image processing applications. An automatic parameter selection for the preprocessing is also proposed, considering the edge histogram of the image and depending on the compression ratio. We test the method for visual quality with extensive subjective measurements. We show that, depending on the image content, preprocessing can significantly improve the visual quality at low bit rates.