gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Big Respiratory Cycles During Treadmill Exercise (2014)

Introduction Big respiratory cycles ( BRCs ) are a sporadic but normal occurrence during galloping exercise. Their relationship to performance capacity as reflected by maximal oxygen consumption ( VO 2max ) is unclear. Methods 7 Thoroughbreds completed multiple incremental exercise tests up to 13 m/s on a treadmill to determine their VO 2max while wearing a mask that measured inspired and expired volumes ( VI , VE ) and VO 2 on a breath‐by‐breath basis. Frequency and duration of BRCs were related to speed and VO 2max using regression analysis. Numbers of BRCs for each test were counted and the duration, VI , VE and VO 2 of each BRC determined and compared to the corresponding average values of the 5 breaths following the BRCs , and VO 2max for the exercise bout. Significance was set at P<0.05. Results The frequency of BRCs was 64% when all speeds and runs were considered. The number and appearance of BRCs varied considerably between horses. BRC numbers were greatest at 6 and 13 m/s and least at 9 m/s, and significantly related by polynomial regression (r2 = 0.90). BRC duration was not related to breathing frequency when all BRCs were considered due to the existence of two distinct clusters of BRCs . The duration of those lasting <1.25 s was inversely related to speed (r2 = 0.77) as were those >1.25 s in length (r2 = 0.55). BRC VI and VE were greater than normal VI and VE and the difference increased linearly (r2 = 0.89 and 0.87, respectively) as speed increased from 6 m/s ( VI : 8.0 ± 0.6%; VE : 8.9 ± 0.7% greater) to 13 m/s ( VI : 42 ± 2%; VE : 57 ± 3% greater). Individual VO 2max was not related to the number, length or volume of BRCs . Conclusions The frequency, duration and size of BRCs do not affect VO 2max and vary considerably within a given treadmill test and between horses. Ethical Animal Research Procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol #3807). Sources of funding: Funding was provided by the home department. Competing interests: none.
Bacteriostatic behavior of surface modulated silicon nitride in comparison to polyetheretherketone and titanium (2016)

Perioperative and latent infections are leading causes of revision surgery for orthopaedic devices resulting in significant increased patient care, comorbidities, and attendant costs. Identifying biomaterial surfaces that inherently resist biofilm adhesion and bacterial expression is an important emerging strategy in addressing implant-related infections. This in vitro study was designed to compare biofilm formation on three biomaterials commonly employed in spinal fusion surgery-silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub> N<sub>4</sub> ), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V-ELI) -using one gram-positive and one gram-negative bacterial species. Disc samples from various surface treated Si<sub>3</sub> N<sub>4</sub> , PEEK, and Ti6Al4V were inoculated with 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mm<sup>2</sup> Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC®14990™) or Escherichia coli (ATCC<sup>®</sup> 25922™) and cultured in PBS, 7% glucose, and 10% human plasma for 24 and 48 h, followed by retrieval and rinsing. Vortexed solutions were diluted, plated, and incubated at 37 °C for 24 to 48 h. Colony forming units (CFU/mm<sup>2</sup> ) were determined using applicable dilution factors and surface areas. A two-tailed, heteroscedastic Student's t-test (95% confidence) was used to determine statistical significance. The various Si<sub>3</sub> N<sub>4</sub> samples showed the most favorable bacterial resistance for both bacilli tested. The mechanisms for the bacteriostatic behavior of Si<sub>3</sub> N<sub>4</sub> are likely due to multivariate surface effects including submicron-topography, negative charging, and chemical interactions which form peroxynitrite (an oxidative agent). Si<sub>3</sub> N<sub>4</sub> is a new biomaterial with the apparent potential to inhibit biofilm formation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1521-1534, 2017.
Nano-Structured Alignment Layers for Liquid Crystal Displays (2009)

The alignment of liquid crystal by nano-structured surfaces is investigated. Two methods of preparing the nano-structured inhomogeneous surfaces will be examined. It is shown that this type of surface can give excellent alignment properties. Reliable pretilt angles of any value between 0 and 9° can be obtained. Novel multi-domain structures can also be made in conjunction with photoalignment. These nano-structured alignment layers are very useful for a variety of display applications.
Expression of B-Cell Activating Factor Enhances Protective Immunity of a Vaccine against<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2009)

B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a member of the TNF family, is a potent cytokine with stimulatory effects on B and T cells. To evaluate the potential of transient overexpression of BAFF to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, a replication-deficient adenovirus expressing full-length murine BAFF (AdBAFF) was tested in a mouse vaccine model against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When coadministered with heat-killed P. aeruginosa, AdBAFF mediated a significant increase in anti-P. aeruginosa-specific serum and lung mucosal antibodies and resulted in improved protection against a lethal respiratory challenge with P. aeruginosa. This effect was independent of the site of administration of AdBAFF and was observed both when AdBAFF was given simultaneously with heat-killed P. aeruginosa as well as when AdBAFF was administered 4 weeks after immunization with heat-killed P. aeruginosa. These data demonstrate that a temporal increase in systemic BAFF levels is able to augment a P. aeruginosa-specific immune response upon immunization with heat-killed P. aeruginosa, suggesting that the immune-stimulatory effects of BAFF may be exploited as a molecular adjuvant for genetic vaccines.
Prehospital Epinephrine Use and Survival Among Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (2012)

Among patients with OHCA in Japan, use of prehospital epinephrine was significantly associated with increased chance of return of spontaneous circulation before hospital arrival but decreased chance of survival and good functional outcomes 1 month after the event.
An accurate segmentation method for white blood cell images (2003)

A part of our research work on an Automated Cell Count project is described. A major requirement for this project is an efficient method to segment cell images. This work presents an accurate segmentation method for an automatic count of white blood cells. First a simple thresholding approach is applied to give initial labels to pixels in the blood cell images. The algorithm is based on priori information about blood smear images. Then the labels are adjusted with a shape detection method based on large regional context information to produce meaningful results. This approach makes use of knowledge of the blood cell structure. The experimental result shows that this method is more powerful than traditional methods that use only local context information. It can perform accurate segmentation of white blood cells even if they have unsharp boundaries.
The Authenticity of the Kauṭilīya (1916)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and lymphoma (1992)

In a prospective study of patients with different forms of motor neuron disease, we performed bone marrow biopsy to evaluate the possibility that the patient might have an otherwise asymptomatic lymphoma. By the time 37 patients had been studied, two patients had been found to have lymphoma, one with and one without paraproteinemia.
High-throughput RNA interference (2005)

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved pathway of gene silencing that identifies and destroys mRNA sequences derived from selfish repetitive or viral sequences. The mechanisms and physiologic functions of RNAi pathways are discussed in Section 1. Because RNAi can be triggered by exogenously supplied double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules, in principle one can effectively silence the expression of a gene and infer its physiologic function given its sequence. RNAi analysis on a genome-wide scale is a versatile and powerful tool that holds great promise in functional annotation of the human genome and in acceleration of drug target discovery and validation. The rapid advances to date have illustrated that high-throughput RNAi can complement genetic studies in traditional model organisms to extend our understanding and probe the mechanisms of well-studied pathways. In this chapter, we will focus on emerging methodologies and issues surrounding high-throughput RNAi in mammalian systems, and highlight the potential advances and pitfalls with these new technologies.
Programa de investigación para un método urbanístico (1968)

9-cis Retinoic acid (RA) induces gene expression in neuroblastoma cells more effectively and with different kinetics than other RA isomers, and could be acting in part through Retinoid X Receptors (RXRs). The aim of this study was to characterise the effects of an RXR agonist and RXR homodimer antagonist on the induction of cellular RA binding protein II (CRABP-II) and RA receptor-beta (RARbeta) in neuroblastoma cells in response to different retinoids. The RXR agonist, LDG1069, was as effective as all-trans RA in inducing gene expression, but less effective than 9-cis RA. The RXR-homodimer antagonist, LG100754, inhibited the induction of CRABP-II mRNA in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by 9-cis RA or the RXR-specific agonist LGD1069, but had no effect when used with all-trans RA. Conversely, LG100754 did not inhibit induction of RARbeta mRNA by 9-cis or all-trans RA, or by LGD1069. RAR- and RXR-specific ligands used together induced CRABP-II and RARbeta as effectively as 9-cis RA. These results demonstrate the value of combining RXR- and RAR-specific ligands to regulate RA-inducible gene expression. The possibility that RXR-homodimers mediate, in part, the induction of CRABP-II by 9-cis RA and RXR-specific ligands is discussed.
Picking up my tab: understanding and mitigating synchronized token lifting and spending in mobile payment (2017)

Mobile off-line payment enables purchase over the counter even in the absence of reliable network connections. Popular solutions proposed by leading payment service providers (e.g., Google, Amazon, Samsung, Apple) rely on direct communication between the payer's device and the POS system, through Near-Field Communication (NFC), Magnetic Secure Transaction (MST), audio and QR code. Although pre-cautions have been taken to protect the payment transactions through these channels, their security implications are less understood, particularly in the presence of unique threats to this new e-commerce service.

In the paper, we report a new type of over-the-counter payment frauds on mobile off-line payment, which exploit the designs of existing schemes that apparently fail to consider the adversary capable of actively affecting the payment process. Our attack, called Synchronized Token Lifting and Spending (STLS), demonstrates that an active attacker can sniff the payment token, halt the ongoing transaction through various means and transmit the token quickly to a colluder to spend it in a different transaction while the token is still valid. Our research shows that such STLS attacks pose a realistic threat to popular offline payment schemes, particularly those meant to be backwardly compatible, like Samsung Pay and AliPay.

To mitigate the newly discovered threats, we propose a new solution called POSAUTH. One fundamental cause of the STLS risk is the nature of the communication channels used by the vulnerable mobile off-line payment schemes, which are easy to sniff and jam, and more importantly, unable to support a secure mutual challenge-response protocols since information can only be transmitted in one-way. POSAUTH addresses this issue by incorporating one unique ID of the current POS terminal into the generation of payment tokens by requiring a quick scanning of QR code printed on the POS terminal. When combined with a short valid period, POSAUTH can ensure that tokens generated for one transaction can only be used in that transaction.
Development of substrates for through glass vias (TGV) for 3DS-IC integration (2012)

Through-substrate vias (TSV) are critical for Three-Dimensional Stacked Integrated Circuits (3DS-IC) integration. While silicon traditionally has been used in this application, glass has properties that make it a very intriguing material for through substrate via applications. We note that the term glass describes a broad material set, with a wide range of properties driven by composition. For example, compositional changes allow tailoring of mechanical and thermal properties. Furthermore, novel forming processes available today enable reduction or elimination of time consuming and costly thinning or polishing processes, as well as opportunities to more easily scale the footprint of the substrate. Significant progress has been made to develop techniques to provide suitable through holes for vias in different glass compositions, which leverages the versatility of glass to create a substrate for TSV.
Monitoring jet fuel thermal stability using a quartz crystal microbalance (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonitoring jet fuel thermal stability using a quartz crystal microbalanceE. A. Klavetter, S. J. Martin, and K. O. WessendorfCite this: Energy Fuels 1993, 7, 5, 582–588Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00041a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00041a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Keith R. McConnochie : Realities of Race – An Analysis of the Concept of Race and Racism and their Relevance to Australian Society. Australia and New Zealand Book Company, Sydney, 1973. (1974)

Keith R. McConnochie : Realities of Race – An Analysis of the Concept of Race and Racism and their Relevance to Australian Society. Australia and New Zealand Book Company, Sydney, 1973. - Volume 2 Issue 1
Use of Handheld Technology by Older Adult Caregivers as Part of a Virtual Support Network (2006)

We report here the development and initial test of a novel system for the virtual support of in-home family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. Based upon information and communications technology, the system includes 1) a pocket computer for reminders, monitoring of events and behaviors, and information support; and 2) an integrated web page which updates automatically with information from the pocket computer. Local and remote family and friends can track the in-home activities through the weblog and provide virtual support to the caregiver. Through a series of interviews and laboratory tests we have developed and refined the proprietary interface which maximizes the usability of the pocket computer by older adults. The considerations that shaped the interface are presented, and the appearance and operation are described. When implemented, this system will facilitate aging in place for both caregiver and patient while also enhancing direct and virtual interactions with family and friends.
Coregulation of Estrogen Receptor by ERBB4/HER4 Establishes a Growth-Promoting Autocrine Signal in Breast Tumor Cells (2006)

Although crosstalk between cell-surface and nuclear receptor signaling pathways has been implicated in the development and progression of endocrine-regulated cancers, evidence of direct coupling of these signaling pathways has remained elusive. Here we show that estrogen promotes an association between extranuclear estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family member ERBB4. Ectopically expressed as well as endogenous ERBB4 interacts with and potentiates ER transactivation, indicating that the ERBB4/ER interaction is functional. Estrogen induces nuclear translocation of the proteolytic processed ERBB4 intracellular domain (4ICD) and nuclear translocation of 4ICD requires functional ligand-bound ER. The nuclear ER/4ICD complex is selectively recruited to estrogen-inducible gene promoters such as progesterone receptor (PgR) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) but not to trefoil factor 1 precursor (pS2). Consistent with 4ICD-selective promoter binding, suppression of ERBB4 expression by interfering RNA shows that 4ICD coactivates ER transcription at the PgR and SDF-1 but not the pS2 promoter. Significantly, ERBB4 itself is an estrogen-inducible gene and the ERBB4 promoter harbors a consensus estrogen response element (ERE) half-site with overlapping activator protein-1 elements that bind ER and 4ICD in response to estrogen. Using a cell proliferation assay and a small interfering RNA approach, we show that ERBB4 expression is required for the growth-promoting action of estrogen in the T47D breast cancer cell line. Our results indicate that ERBB4 is a unique coregulator of ER, directly coupling extranuclear and nuclear estrogen actions in breast cancer. We propose that the contribution of an autocrine ERBB4/ER signaling pathway to tumor growth and therapeutic response should be considered when managing patients with ER-positive breast cancer.
L. plantarum, L. salivarius, and L. lactis Attenuate Th2 Responses and Increase Treg Frequencies in Healthy Mice in a Strain Dependent Manner (2012)

Many studies on probiotics are aimed at restoring immune homeostasis in patients to prevent disease recurrence or reduce immune-mediated pathology. Of equal interest is the use of probiotics in sub-clinical situations, which are characterized by reduced immune function or low-grade inflammation, with an increased risk of infection or disease as a consequence. Most mechanistic studies focus on the use of probiotics in experimental disease models, which may not be informative for these sub-clinical conditions. To gain better understanding of the effects in the healthy situation, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of two Lactobacillus probiotic strains, i.e. L. plantarum WCFS1 and L. salivarius UCC118, and a non-probiotic lactococcus strain, i.e. L. lactis MG1363, in healthy mice. We studied the effect of these bacteria on the systemic adaptive immune system after 5 days of administration. Only L. plantarum induced an increase in regulatory CD103(+) DC and regulatory T cell frequencies in the spleen. However, all three bacterial strains, including L. lactis, reduced specific splenic T helper cell cytokine responses after ex vivo restimulation. The effect on IFN-γ, IL5, IL10, and IL17 production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was dependent on the strain administered. A shared observation was that all three bacterial strains reduced T helper 2 cell frequencies. We demonstrate that systemic immunomodulation is not only observed after treatment with probiotic organisms, but also after treatment with non-probiotic bacteria. Our data demonstrate that in healthy mice, lactobacilli can balance T cell immunity in favor of a more regulatory status, via both regulatory T cell dependent and independent mechanisms in a strain dependent manner.
The Effect of Growth Conditions on NAD+ and NADH Concentrations and the NAD+:NADH Ratio in Normal and Transformed Fibroblasts (1974)

Concentrations of total NAD+ and NADH have been measured and the NAD+:NADH ratio calculated for 3T3 fibroblasts and SV40 transformed 3T3 cells and for normal rat kidney fibroblasts and murine sarcoma virus (Kirsten strain)-transformed normal rat kidney fibroblasts. The absolute levels were found to decrease 2- to 3-fold with transformation. The NAD+:NADH ratio in the normal cells ranged from 3.1 to 3.6, and increased 3- to 4-fold as they grew from logarithmic to stationary phase. The final ratio was found to be a direct function of the final cell density achieved for the 3T3 cells. In contrast, the NAD+:NADH ratio of transformed cells was low, (1.2 to 3.2) and did not rise when the cells reached a heavy density. Comparable results were obtained for the ratio of free NAD+:NADH. This ratio was determined by analysis of cellular pyruvate and lactate concentrations and calculated using the Keq of lactate dehydrogenase. Attempts to alter the ratio by treatment of the cells with agents capable of elevating intracellular cyclic adenosine 3′ : 5′-monophosphate levels, such as N6, O2′-dibutyryl cyclic AMP or prostaglandin E1, were unsuccessful. Nor did serum deprivation or agents capable of lowering cyclic adenosine 3′ : 5′-monophosphate levels affect the NAD+:NADH ratio. We suggest that the inability of cells to elevate their NAD+: NADH ratio at confluency is a characteristic of transformed cells and related to their defective growth control.
<i>P</i>-Element-Induced Recombination in <i>Drosophila melanogaster:</i> Hybrid Element Insertion (1996)

It has previously been shown that the combination of two deleted P elements in trans, one containing the left functional end and the second element the right functional end, can lead to high levels of male recombination. This finding strongly suggests that P-element ends from different chromosomes can become associated, followed by "pseudo-excision". We show that two different processes are involved in resolving the pseudo-excision event: (1) the excised P-element ends continue to function as a single unit (Hybrid Element) and insert at a nearby site in the chromosome or into the element itself [Hybrid Element Insertion (HEI)] and (2) free ends that do not contain P elements repair and rejoin [(Hybrid Excision and Repair (HER)]. Both types of resolution can lead to recombination, and this paper concentrates on the HEI class. One type of HEI event predicts the exact reverse complementary duplication of an 8-bp target site, and we have confirmed the existence of such a structure in six independently derived recombinant chromosomes. There is also a high tendency for insertion events to occur within a few bases of the original 8-bp target site, including six apparent cases of insertion into the exact site.
LXII.—Synthesis of 5 : 6-dimethoxyindole and its 2-carboxylic acid (1927)

A. E. Oxford and H. S. Raper, J. Chem. Soc., 1927, 417 DOI: 10.1039/JR9270000417
Is TV Sustainable in Future? A Comparison with Smartphone (2022)

본 연구는 소비자들 사이에서 TV와 스마트폰 사이의 다양한 미디어 사용 정도와 미디어 이용에 미치는 선행요인을 탐색하기 위해 고안되다. 설문 방법을 활용하였으며, 총 321명의 응답자가 연구에 참여하였다. 분셕 결과 자아적합도, 신뢰 및 몰입은 소비자 미디어 사용의 선행 요인으로 나타났다. 콘텐츠 구조와 관련하여 자아 적합도는 콘텐츠 신뢰에 영향을 미치며 이는 관객 몰입으로 이어졌다. 자아 적합도와 몰입 사이의 직접적인 관계도 발견되었다. 신뢰는 TV 이용의 통계적으로 유의한 유일한 선행 요인이며, 자아 적합도와 몰입은 스마트폰 이용의 유의미한 선행 요인으로 나타났다. 콘텐츠 신뢰는 스마트폰 사용에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 콘텐츠 마케터와 광고 미디어 기획자에게 학문적인 시사점과 함께 실무적인 의미를 제공한다.