gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of polydomain heterostructures. I. Effect of macrostresses (1998)

The thermodynamic principles of the formation of a new class of materials, polydomain heterostructures, are formulated. The polydomain heterostructures can be formed as a result of phase transformations in constrained layers, composed of epitaxial couples or multilayers. Due to the elastic interaction between the layers of a heterostructure, these layers transform into sets of periodically alternating lamellae, or elastic domains. A polydomain layer can consist of either differently oriented domains of the same phase (twins) or domains of different phases. The goal of this article is to determine the parameters of the polydomain heterostructures and the conditions for their formation, i.e., their dependence on the characteristics of phase transformations, lattice misfits, and the film thickness, as well as external fields. Heterostructures containing ferroelectric and superconductor oxide layers will be considered as examples. In part I the necessary conditions for the formation of polydomain heterostructures have been established on the basis of the analysis of thermodynamic effects of internal and external macrostresses on phase transformations. The thermodynamic criteria are formulated in terms of a few energy parameters: the misfit energies of the phases that form the heterostructure and the energies of interaction between domains. Together with the free energies of the unconstrained phases, these parameters give a quantitative thermodynamic description of polydomain heterostructures provided that the interface effects are negligible. It is shown that polytwin structures are always more stable than single domain structures and therefore, their formation is always possible at some external stresses and temperatures. The stability of heterophase polydomain structures depends on the parameter of incompatibility between the domains, i.e., the ratio of the energy of direct interactions between the domains through their interface to the energy of indirect interaction between domains through the elastic surrounding matrix. If the interdomain interfaces are mobile, their movement may result in superelastic deformation and essential softening of the effective elastic modulus.
Verification of Remotely Sensed Sea Surface Winds in Hurricanes (2003)

Surface winds in hurricanes have been estimated remotely using the Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft for the past 15 years. Since the use of the GPS dropwindsonde system in hurricanes was first initiated in 1997, routine collocated SFMR and GPS surface wind estimates have been made. During the 1998During the , 1999During the , and 2001 hurricane seasons, a total of 249 paired samples were acquired and compared. The SFMR equivalent 1-min mean, 10-m level neutral stability winds were found to be biased high by 2.3 m s 1 relative to the 10-m GPS winds computed from an estimate of the mean boundary layer wind. Across the range of wind speeds from 10 to 60 m s 1 , the rmse was 3.3 m s 1 . The bias was found to be dependent on storm quadrant and independent of wind speed, a result that suggests a possible relationship between microwave brightness temperatures and surface wave properties. Tests of retrieved winds' sensitivities to sea surface temperature, salinity, atmospheric thermodynamic variability, and surface wind direction indicate wind speed errors of less than 1 m s 1 above 15 m s 1 .
Redundancies and don't cares in sequential logic synthesis (2003)

The authors explore the relationships between redundant logic and don't care conditions in sequential circuits. Stuck-at faults in a sequential circuit may be testable in the combinational sense but may be redundant because they do not alter the terminal behavior of a nonscan sequential machine. These sequential redundancies result in a faulty state transition graph (STG) that is equivalent to the STG of the true machine. The authors present a classification of redundant faults in sequential circuits composed of single or interacting finite-state machines. Don't care sets can be defined for each class of redundancy, and optimally exploiting these don't care conditions results in the implicit elimination of any such redundancies in a given circuit. In cascaded and interconnected sequential circuits, sequential don't cares are required to eliminate redundancies. The authors present preliminary experimental results which indicate that by exploiting these don't cares medium-sized irredundant sequential circuits can be synthesized with no area overhead and within reasonable CPU times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultra-broadband optical chirp linearization for precision length metrology applications (2010)

We demonstrate precise linearization of ultra-broadband (>5 THz) laser frequency sweeps using a fiber-based self-heterodyne technique. Frequency errors less than 170 kHz relative to linearity were observed enabling very high resolution ranging over large distances.
Reversibility of apoptosis in cancer cells (2008)

Apoptosis is a cell suicide programme characterised by unique cellular events such as mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction, nuclear condensation, cytoplasmic shrinkage and activation of apoptotic protease caspases, and these serve as the noticeable apoptotic markers for the commitment of cell demise. Here, we show that, however, the characterised apoptotic dying cancer cells can regain their normal morphology and proliferate after removal of apoptotic inducers. In addition, we demonstrate that reversibility of apoptosis occurs in various cancer cell lines, and in different apoptotic stimuli. Our findings show that cancer cells can survive after initiation of apoptosis, thereby revealing an unexpected potential escape mechanism of cancer cells from chemotherapy.
mD-Track: Leveraging Multi-Dimensionality in Passive Indoor Wi-Fi Tracking (2018)

Wi-Fi localization and tracking face accuracy limitations dictated by antenna count (for angle-of-arrival methods) and frequency bandwidth (for time-of-arrival methods). This paper presents mD-Track a device-free Wi-Fi tracking system capable of jointly fusing information from as many dimensions as possible to overcome the resolution limit of each individual dimension. Through a novel path separation algorithm, mD-Track can resolve multipath at a much finer-grained resolution, isolating signals reflected off targets of interest. mD-Track can localize human passively at a high accuracy with just a single Wi-Fi transceiver pair. mD-Track also introduces novel methods to greatly streamline its estimation algorithms, achieving real-time operation. We implement mD-Track on both WARP and cheap off-the-shelf commodity Wi-Fi hardware and evaluate its performance in different indoor environments.
Stacked high voltage switch based on SiC VJFETs (2004)

Based on the serial connection of high voltage SiC VJFETs a stacked solution able to block very high voltages is presented. By connecting VJFETs in series, a unipolar high voltage switch with 8kV blocking voltage and an on-resistance of 2/spl Omega/ was fabricated. The basic functions of this stacked switch are analyzed by discussing the electrical behavior. The static and dynamic behavior indicates an interesting perspective for high voltage and high power applications. Especially the dynamics are carefully analyzed using a low voltage version of the stacked solution. Additionally, the potential of SiC VJFETs as a 4kV single switch is demonstrated.
Massive-Training Artificial Neural Network Coupled With Laplacian-Eigenfunction-Based Dimensionality Reduction for Computer-Aided Detection of Polyps in CT Colonography (2010)

A major challenge in the current computer-aided detection (CAD) of polyps in CT colonography (CTC) is to reduce the number of false-positive (FP) detections while maintaining a high sensitivity level. A pattern-recognition technique based on the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) as a filter, which is called a massive-training ANN (MTANN), has been developed recently for this purpose. The MTANN is trained with a massive number of subvolumes extracted from input volumes together with the teaching volumes containing the distribution for the “likelihood of being a polyp;” hence the term “massive training.” Because of the large number of subvolumes and the high dimensionality of voxels in each input subvolume, the training of an MTANN is time-consuming. In order to solve this time issue and make an MTANN work more efficiently, we propose here a dimension reduction method for an MTANN by using Laplacian eigenfunctions (LAPs), denoted as LAP-MTANN. Instead of input voxels, the LAP-MTANN uses the dependence structures of input voxels to compute the selected LAPs of the input voxels from each input subvolume and thus reduces the dimensions of the input vector to the MTANN. Our database consisted of 246 CTC datasets obtained from 123 patients, each of whom was scanned in both supine and prone positions. Seventeen patients had 29 polyps, 15 of which were 5-9 mm and 14 were 10-25 mm in size. We divided our database into a training set and a test set. The training set included 10 polyps in 10 patients and 20 negative patients. The test set had 93 patients including 19 polyps in seven patients and 86 negative patients. To investigate the basic properties of a LAP-MTANN, we trained the LAP-MTANN with actual polyps and a single source of FPs, which were rectal tubes. We applied the trained LAP-MTANN to simulated polyps and rectal tubes. The results showed that the performance of LAP-MTANNs with 20 LAPs was advantageous over that of the original MTANN with 171 inputs. To test the feasibility of the LAP-MTANN, we compared the LAP-MTANN with the original MTANN in the distinction between actual polyps and various types of FPs. The original MTANN yielded a 95% (18/19) by-polyp sensitivity at an FP rate of 3.6 (338/93) per patient, whereas the LAP-MTANN achieved a comparable performance, i.e., an FP rate of 3.9 (367/93) per patient at the same sensitivity level. With the use of the dimension reduction architecture, the time required for training was reduced from 38 h to 4 h. The classification performance in terms of the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of the LAP-MTANN (0.84) was slightly higher than that of the original MTANN (0.82) with no statistically significant difference (p-value= 0.48).
The association between lameness and fertility in dairy cows (1986)

One thousand, four hundred and ninety-one lactations in 770 Friesian, Holstein and Ayrshire crossbred cows have been used to study the associations between lameness and fertility. Lameness was associated with a longer interval between calving and first service and a longer interval between calving and conception. The largest increases in these intervals, of 17 and 30 days, respectively, occurred in cows with either sole or white line lesions occurring between 36 and 70 days after calving. The conception rate during the 63 days before a diagnosis of lameness was made was lower (31 per cent) than at other times (40 per cent).
Surfaceome of <i>Leptospira</i> spp (2005)

The identification of the subset of outer membrane proteins exposed on the surface of a bacterial cell (the surfaceome) is critical to understanding the interactions of bacteria with their environments and greatly narrows the search for protective antigens of extracellular pathogens. The surfaceome of Leptospira was investigated by biotin labeling of viable leptospires, affinity capture of the biotinylated proteins, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry (MS). The leptospiral surfaceome was found to be predominantly made up of a small number of already characterized proteins, being in order of relative abundance on the cell surface: LipL32 > LipL21 > LipL41. Of these proteins, only LipL32 had not been previously identified as surface exposed. LipL32 surface exposure was subsequently verified by three independent approaches: surface immunofluorescence, whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunoelectron microscopy. Three other proteins, Q8F8Q0 (a putative transmembrane outer membrane protein) and two proteins of 20 kDa and 55 kDa that could not be identified by MS, one of which demonstrated a high degree of labeling potentially representing an additional, as-yet-uncharacterized, surface-exposed protein. Minor labeling of p31(LipL45), GroEL, and FlaB1 was also observed. Expression of the surfaceome constituents remained unchanged under a range of conditions investigated, including temperature and the presence of serum or urine. Immunization of mice with affinity-captured surface components stimulated the production of antibodies that bound surface proteins from heterologous leptospiral strains. The surfaceomics approach is particularly amenable to protein expression profiling using small amounts of sample (<10(7) cells) offering the potential to analyze bacterial surface expression during infection.
Conclusion: The Future of Contemporary Confucianisms (2010)

Abstract The conclusion aims to situate the book's arguments in a larger context of contemporary concern with “Confucianism” in various senses. “Confucianism” has been—and may continue to be, or become again—more than a philosophical tradition. It bears complicated relations to Chinese (and broader East Asian) cultural identity and political, religious, and spiritual practices. These are highly contested matters at the present moment, with no likelihood of a simple solution. It is important for philosophers to recognize these complexities, and not to claim to be able to solve every question related to the status of “contemporary Confucianism” simply by looking at texts or making arguments. Still, progress can be made even in these broader debates if we come to see the value of a contemporary Confucian philosophy based in Neo-Confucianism. The chapter also seeks to reply to readers who may be very skeptical about the relevance of Neo-Confucianism's talk of harmony in our present day. Building on an argument made by Liang Shuming a century ago, the book concludes by sketching reasons that even a “possessive individualist” should see, in Neo-Confucianism, both a significant challenge and suggestions of a way forward.
Polymerization of vinyl monomers by a new oligoperoxide: Oligo(adipoyl‐5‐peroxy‐2,5‐dimethyl <i>n</i>‐hexyl peroxide) (1987)

Abstract A new polymeric initiator, oligo(adipoyl‐5‐peroxy‐2,5‐dimethyl n ‐hexyl peroxide), was synthesized by interfacial condensation of adipoyl chloride with 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐dihydroperoxy hexane. This can be used as an initiator to prepare block copolymers by free radical mechanism in a procedure involving several steps, since the colorless, viscous liquid, oligoperoxide, has 8–10 peroxide groups per molecule. The thermal decomposition of this oligoperoxide in benzene solution at 98°C was first order and its half life was 9.75 h. The results of the polymerization kinetics show that this oligoperoxide lies in between of 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐dihydroperoxyhexane and benzoyl peroxide for empirical polymerization rates of styrene and methyl methacrylate at 80°C.
Diffusion of penetrants in polymers (1965)

Abstract Many anomalous features of the diffusion of penetrants into polymers, around and below the glass transition, such as the occurrence of history‐dependent diffusion coefficients, sigmoid and “two‐stage” sorption, and time‐dependent boundary conditions, can be shown by non‐equilibrium thermodynamics to be consequences of a simple model of a glasslike transition. Below the transition temperature the system is viewed as undergoing a generalized relaxation with respect to certain characteristic internal variables of even tensorial rank, while above the transition temperature the system is viewed to be in internal equilibrium with respect to these variables. It is pointed out that the mechanism of Fickian diffusion above the glass transition may depend on the distribution of sizes of cavities, particularly the mean cavity volume, as well as the total free volume of the system.
Amonafide: a potential role in treating acute myeloid leukemia (2011)

Amonafide plus cytarabine may have clinical utility in patients with sAML and in other poor-risk subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ongoing trials will help define the role for amonafide in the treatment of poor-risk AML.
Constitutive Activation of the β2 Adrenergic Receptor Alters the Orientation of Its Sixth Membrane-spanning Segment (1997)

The binding site of the beta2 adrenergic receptor, like that of other homologous G-protein-coupled receptors, is contained within a water-accessible crevice formed among its seven membrane-spanning segments. Methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium (MTSEA), a charged, hydrophilic, lipophobic, sulfhydryl-specific reagent, had no effect on the binding of agonist or antagonist to wild-type beta2 receptor expressed in HEK 293 cells. This suggested that no endogenous cysteines are accessible in the binding site crevice. In contrast, in a constitutively active beta2 receptor, MTSEA significantly inhibited antagonist binding, and isoproterenol slowed the rate of reaction of MTSEA. This implies that at least one endogenous cysteine becomes accessible in the binding site crevice of the constitutively active beta2 receptor. Cys-285, in the sixth membrane-spanning segment, is responsible for the inhibitory effect of MTSEA on ligand binding to the constitutively active mutant. The acquired accessibility of Cys-285 in the constitutively active mutant may result from a rotation and/or tilting of the sixth membrane-spanning segment associated with activation of the receptor. This rearrangement could bring Cys-285 to the margin of the binding site crevice where it becomes accessible to MTSEA.
Design of high‐capacity, reversible polymeric adsorbents for acidic gases (1991)

Abstract Polyethyleneimine (PEIM) samples crosslinked by a commercial epoxy resin (Epon 828) were prepared, and their adsorption capacity for acidic gases was studied. The swelling and deswelling characteristics of the crosslinked samples were also examined as part of this program. Reactivation of these adsorbents could be carried out by heat, or by a combination of heat and treatment in dilute alkalies.
Tumour necrosis factor-induced cytotoxicity is accompanied by intracellular mitogenic signals in ME-180 human cervical carcinoma cells (1993)

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) induced a cytotoxic response in ME-180 human cervical carcinoma cells in vitro. This cytotoxic response was accompanied by a temporal series of intracellular signals that are commonly triggered by a mitogenic stimulus: increased c-fos (20-30 min) and c-myc (40-60 min) expression, increased activity of ornithine decarboxylase (3 h), increased intracellular polyamine content (7 h) and increased thymidine incorporation into DNA (14 h). A cytotoxic response independent of these mitogenic signals could not be explained by an induction of interleukin-6, which is an autocrine cytotoxic agent in some cell types; nor by a biphasic, dose-dependent response in which low concentrations of TNF are mitogenic and higher concentrations are cytotoxic. Conversely, a dependent role of these mitogenic signals was suggested by the absence of a TNF-promoted increase in thymidine incorporation into DNA in an ME-180 clone that is resistant to TNF-induced cytotoxicity. A decrease in the proliferation rate of TNF-sensitive cells induced by either alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment (resulting in polyamine depletion) or serum starvation rendered the cells insensitive to TNF-induced cytotoxicity, further suggesting a role for mitogenic signals and cell division in TNF-mediated cytotoxicity. However, inhibiting proliferation with cycloheximide resulted in increased sensitivity to TNF, implying that mitogenesis itself was not essential for a cytotoxic response. TNF induced DNA fragmentation in sensitive cells, suggesting that cytotoxicity occurred via apoptosis.
The Results&comma; Indications&comma; and Physiology of Posteroventral Pallidotomy for Patients with Parkinson's Disease (1995)

In the past, stereotactic surgical intervention for Parkinson's disease was considered indicated only in those patients with active motor manifestations that were refractory to pharmacological therapy, manifestations such as tremor, rigidity, dystonia, and dyskinesia. With the reintroduction and refinement of Leksell's posteroventral pallidotomy, both akinetic and hyperkinetic symptoms are now amenable to surgical treatment. We have analyzed the results of 126 patients who underwent either unilateral (n = 58) or bilateral (n = 68) posteroventral pallidotomies. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale were used for preoperative and postoperative objective assessments. Postoperative follow-up evaluation occurred initially at 1 week and subsequently at intervals between 1 and 12 months (mean = 4.5 months) after surgery. Although individual motor subscores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale were significantly reduced (n = 126, P < or = 0.01), the most dramatic findings were the reversal of akinetic symptoms and the elimination of dyskinesia and profound "off" periods. These clinical results, combined with intraoperative microelectrode records revealing pallidal neuronal hyperactivity, suggest a reconsideration of the pathophysiology of akinesia and point to possible mechanisms of akinesia improvement by posteroventral pallidotomy in some parkinsonian subgroups.