gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunolocalization of Subtype 2 Angiotensin II (AT<sub>2</sub>) Receptor Protein in Rat Heart (1998)

Angiotensin II exerts its effects on cardiovascular function and water and sodium homeostasis by interacting with plasma membrane receptors on target organs. The existence of subtype 2 angiotensin II (AT2) receptors in the rat heart has been demonstrated by ligand binding and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In the present study, the expression and localization of AT2 receptor protein in the rat heart was investigated using an antipeptide polyclonal antibody against the native rat AT2 receptor by light microscopic immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. In frozen tissue sections, positive immunostaining was observed in the myocardium and coronary vessels throughout the ventricle and atrium of neonatal and young rat hearts. Coronary vessels of the neonatal heart were more intensely stained compared with the surrounding myocardium. Positive immunoreactivity in the coronary vessels of young rats was localized to vascular endothelium but not in the smooth muscle cells. Preadsorption controls were all negative. Western blot analysis showed that the AT2 receptor protein (approximately 44 kDa) was detectable from the AT2 receptor-transfected COS-7 cells and neonatal rat cardiac myocytes but not from fibroblasts or young rat aortic smooth muscle cells. The neonatal rat heart expressed significantly more AT2 receptors than young rat heart. These data provide the first direct evidence for the expression and localization of AT2 receptor protein in the rat heart.
Non‐contrast MR imaging of blood‐brain barrier permeability to water (2018)

A new non-contrast technique for the assessment of global BBB permeability was developed, which may have important clinical applications.
Strict perpendicular orientation of neural crest‐derived neurons in vitro is dependent on an extracellular gradient of voltage (2012)

We report extraordinary perpendicular orientations of neurons dependent on the presence of an external direct current (DC) voltage gradient. We chose chick dorsal root and postganglionic sympathetic neurons to evaluate. These were cultured in observation chambers in which the cells were separated from electrode products or substrate effects and maintained at 35°C. Both types of neurons showed a rapid restructuring of their anatomy. Typically, neurites that were not perpendicular to the voltage gradient were quickly resorbed into the cell body within a few minutes. Over 3-6 hr, significant new neurite growth occurred and was patterned perpendicular to the DC electrical field (Ef). This preferred asymmetry was dependent on the Ef, as was the initial retrograde degeneration of fibers. At 400-500 mV/mm, over 90% of the cells in culture assumed this orientation. Removal of the DC Ef led to a loss of the preferred orientation, with further random growth within the chambers. This is the first report of such responses in dorsal root ganglion neurons. We also used sympathetic neurons as a meaningful comparison to analyze whether there were any qualitative or quantitative differences between these two cell types of neural crest origin. We discuss the means by which these orientations were achieved.
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the development of adenomyosis (2015)

Adenomyosis is a hormone-related disease that affects 10–66% of women, and women with this disorder suffer from menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, and/or infertility. Regarding the etiology of the disease, the current trend of thought is that adenomyosis or adenomyoma results as a down-growth and invagination of the endometrial basalis into the adjacent myometrium after disruption of the normally intact boundary between the two. The eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis presents invasive characteristics, including increased angiogenesis and proliferation, decreased apoptosis, induction of the local production of estrogens, induction of progesterone resistance, and impaired cytokine expression, and these changes enhance the ability of the endometrium to infiltrate the junctional zone myometrium and the growth of ectopic tissue. Hysterectomy is the major strategy to relieve secondary dysmenorrhea caused by adenomyosis. However, fertility and uterine preservation are compromised by such treatment. The traditional pharmacological therapies for adenomyosis are primarily aimed at the suppression of endogenous estrogen production, but the results are not satisfactory. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel treatment strategies for adenomyosis. There has been evidence that indicates that the estrogen-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) may play a role in the development of adenomyosis. In this article, we will concentrate on the estrogen-induced EMT in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis.
Thin films of aluminum nitride and aluminum gallium nitride for cold cathode applications (1997)

Cold cathode structures have been fabricated using AlN and graded AlGaN structures (deposited on n-type 6H-SiC) as the thin film emitting layer. The cathodes consist of an aluminum grid layer separated from the nitride layer by a SiO2 layer and etched to form arrays of either 1, 3, or 5 μm holes through which the emitting nitride surface is exposed. After fabrication, a hydrogen plasma exposure was employed to activate the cathodes. Cathode devices with 5 μm holes displayed emission for up to 30 min before failing. Maximum emission currents ranged from 10–100 nA and required grid voltages ranging from 20–110 V. The grid currents were typically 1 to 104 times the collector currents.
A governance framework for algorithmic accountability and transparency (2019)

Algorithmic systems are increasingly being used as part of decision-making processes in both the public and private sectors, with potentially significant consequences for individuals, organisations and societies as a whole. Algorithmic systems in this context refer to the combination of algorithms, data and the interface process that together determine the outcomes that affect end users. Many types of decisions can be made faster and more efficiently using algorithms. A significant factor in the adoption of algorithmic systems for decision-making is their capacity to process large amounts of varied data sets (i.e. big data), which can be paired with machine learning methods in order to infer statistical models directly from the data. The same properties of scale, complexity and autonomous model inference however are linked to increasing concerns that many of these systems are opaque to the people affected by their use and lack clear explanations for the decisions they make. This lack of transparency risks undermining meaningful scrutiny and accountability, which is a significant concern when these systems are applied as part of decision-making processes that can have a considerable impact on people's human rights (e.g. critical safety decisions in autonomous vehicles; allocation of health and social service resources, etc.). This study develops policy options for the governance of algorithmic transparency and accountability, based on an analysis of the social, technical and regulatory challenges posed by algorithmic systems. Based on a review and analysis of existing proposals for governance of algorithmic systems, a set of four policy options are proposed, each of which addresses a different aspect of algorithmic transparency and accountability: 1. awareness raising: education, watchdogs and whistleblowers; 2. accountability in public-sector use of algorithmic decision-making; 3. regulatory oversight and legal liability; and 4. global coordination for algorithmic governance.
Bringing Manufacturing into Design via Process-Dependent SPICE Models (2006)

This paper describes methodology for constructing compact SPICE models as a function of process parameter variations. The methodology involves global extraction of process-dependant SPICE model parameters from silicon calibrated TCAD simulations. The model is validated by comparing device characteristics from the extracted SPICE parameters with those from TCAD simulations. The analysis demonstrates an excellent goodness of fit over the full range of process parameter variations. The process-dependant SPICE models allow direct access to process parameter variations in circuit design. The extracted models are employed in rudimentary digital circuits to investigate the delay variation in response to process deviations. The proposed approach significantly improves design-for-manufacturing (DFM) by allowing for accurate design sensitivity analysis and parametric yield assessment, as a function of statistically independent and measurable process variations.
A Review of New Magnetic Phenomena (1953)

At a result of new developments, the classical concepts of magnetic materials, characterized by hysteresis loss and eddy currents, are no longer adequate. Study of the ferrites has revealed new and important magnetic phenomena. These materials, because of their high resistivities and correspondingly low eddy currents, exhibit useful magnetic properties at frequencies well above those at which magnetic alloys are applicable. This paper reviews the new phenomena — domain wall motion and dimensional effects in the low megacycle region, and ferromagnetic resonance and the Faraday effect in the microwave region — and relates them to modern theory. Some possible microwave applications are discussed briefly.
Effect of enhanced xylose reductase activity on xylose consumption and product distribution in xylose-fermenting recombinant (2003)

Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB3001, harboring the Pichia stipitis genes XYL1 and XYL2 (xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase, respectively) and the endogenous XKS1(xylulokinase), can convert xylose to ethanol. About 30% of the consumed xylose, however, is excreted as xylitol. Enhanced ethanol yield has previously been achieved by disrupting the ZWF1 gene, encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, but at the expense of the xylose consumption. This is probably the result of reduced NADPH-mediated xylose reduction. In the present study, we increased the xylose reductase (XR) activity 4-19 times in both TMB3001 and the ZWF1-disrupted strain TMB3255. The xylose consumption rate increased by 70% in TMB3001 under oxygen-limited conditions. In the ZWF1-disrupted background, the increase in XR activity fully restored the xylose consumption rate. Maximal specific growth rates on glucose were lower in the ZWF1-disrupted strains, and the increased XR activity also negatively affected the growth rate in these strains. Addition of methionine resulted in 70% and 50% enhanced maximal specific growth rates for TMB3255 (zwfl Delta) and TMB3261 (PGK1-XYL1, zwf1 Delta), respectively. Enhanced XR activity did not have any negative effect on the maximal specific growth rate in the control strain. Enhanced glycerol yields were observed in the high-XR-activity strains. These are suggested to result from the observed reductase activity of the purified XR for dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
Multimedia systems: enabling computer engineering education (2003)

Multimedia systems can provide course content, active learning opportunities and instructional technology to facilitate education in the area of computer engineering to a broad range of students. This paper describes final results of a large NSF-funded project at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Since the initial stages of this project, multimedia systems have become ubiquitous in our lives. During the lifetime of this project, we have explored rapidly evolving multimedia technologies and applications in a wide variety of scenarios: a novel multimedia courseware approach using a combination of CD/DVD and Web-based technology was designed and developed. Over 400 students have now taken courses using this media in a variety of formats; a new course in multimedia systems for nonmajors was developed and is being used as a core course for new programs in information technology across 29 community colleges, state colleges and universities across Massachusetts; and a set of modules on multimedia systems including video coding, computer graphics, multimedia networking, multimedia hardware, multimedia architectures and multimedia testing were developed. This paper describes the lessons learned in the overall project and draws conclusions about the impact of multimedia systems on computer engineering education as well as methods and future opportunities for similar curriculum innovation projects.
Enzyme immunoassay in which a myeloma protein is used for detection of salmonellae (1983)

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in which an immunoglobulin A monoclonal antibody from a myeloma (MOPC 467) is used was developed to detect the presence of Salmonella organisms. This myeloma protein binds to a flagellar determinant of the organisms but is not directed toward the H antigens. Of 100 strains tested, 94% were detectable with this antibody. The EIA, used with MOPC 467, is quick, sensitive, and specific, showing virtually no cross-reactivity to other enteric organisms. Initial screening of antibody reactivity was performed by Ouchterlony gel diffusion with the supernatants of heat-treated Salmonella cultures. After this, an EIA was performed on the heat extracts with the myeloma protein, which had been directly coupled to alkaline phosphatase. A positive reaction was indicated by the production of a yellow color after the addition of a substrate (p-nitrophenylphosphate), and this was quantitated by determining the absorbance at 405 nm. The EIA proved to be slightly more sensitive than the Ouchterlony analysis. The sensitivity of the EIA is such that as few as 10(6) Salmonella organisms per ml were detected. This concentration was easily obtained after a 24-h preenrichment incubation of the sample. Mixtures of Salmonella strains with a 10 x concentration of Escherichia coli did not prevent detection of the Salmonella strains. This EIA can be successfully used to detect contamination of foods, as it was used to detect the intentional contamination of infant formula in these studies. Indications are that the EIA is sensitive enough to detect Salmonella strains in M broth subcultures taken directly from a preenrichment culture. Testing of samples could thus be completed 36 h after culture initiation, rather than after 96 h, the time currently needed.
Augmenting an artificial immune network (2002)

The human immune system can provide many metaphors that can be utilised effectively in the field of machine learning. These metaphors have been successfully applied to the complex real world problem of mortgage fraud detection, using a learning system known as Jisys. The Jisys system identifies patterns in mortgage fraud data by constructing an immune network, which is then evolved through the analysis of additional fraudulent and no-fraudulent applications. By viewing this network, a human expert can gain a better understanding of the fraudulent behavior. This paper describes significant developments over the original Jisys system. For example, the network is currently a flat structure with significant groupings within it. However, it can be difficult to identify these groups, to analyse them and then determine their significance. This paper describes some advances, which significantly improve the interpretation of the network. We also consider various statistical techniques which can be used to enhance the performance of the Jisys system as well as exploiting inherent properties of the network which enable significant performance improvements to be implemented (with not loss of information content). Finally, the paper presents some analysis of the structures generated by the Jisys system and relates them back to the known structures in the training data set.
Study of HCl and Secco Defect Etching for Characterization of Thick sSOI (2007)

In order to continue improving strained silicon-on-insulator (sSOI) crystal quality, high-resolution defect monitoring needs to be developed and implemented for further defects reduction. The study presented in this paper evaluates and compares two techniques for revealing crystal defects in sSOI wafers produced by the Smart-Cut Technology. Two different etching techniques, based on the use of gaseous in an epitaxy reactor or of a diluted Secco wet etching solution, were compared on their ability to delineate various defects. Both techniques should provide the required defects density resolution for analysis of thin and thick strained silicon layers. For the sake of analysis and discussion, samples with a high defects density were chosen in order to simplify the quantitative comparison (within the resolution of optical microscopy). We have observed a difference in etching selectivity between the two techniques. After a statistical comparison of defects delineated by the two techniques (in terms of threading dislocations, areal densities, and planar defect linear densities), we have demonstrated complementarities rather than a direct correlation between the and Secco etch. The etch seems quite suitable for revealing threading dislocations through etch pits and shows a higher sensitivity for pit delineation compared to Secco (difference corresponding to a factor of 10 in defects density). Meanwhile, the Secco chemical etching appears more appropriate to highlight the planar defects (linear density between 600 and ). Moreover, a minimum etched thickness for sSOI defect revelation has been determined for both techniques (between 26 and for and between 20 and for Secco for a thick starting layer). Because the Secco etch is particularly sensitive for the delineation of various types of defects (isolated etch pits and planar defects), it is now used by us as a quality control method for SOI and sSOI. Thanks to it sSOI process improvements are tracked and current and next generations of this product evaluated.
Fast Approximation of High-Order Voronoi Diagrams and Distance Transforms on the GPU (2006)

We present a graphics hardware implementation of the tangent-plane algorithm for computing the kth-order Voronoi diagram of a set of point sites in image space. Correct and efficient implementation of this algorithm using graphics hardware is possible only with the use of an appropriate shader program on the GPU. This is achieved by rendering in k passes the parallel projection of the top k levels of an arrangement of planes tangent to the paraboloid z = x2+y2. Each level of the arrangement corresponds to the so-called kth-nearest point diagram, which is interesting in its own right. Composition of the images of the k top levels results in the kth-order Voronoi diagram. The diagram facilitates efficient computation of the k nearest neighbors of an arbitrary query point. We describe our implementation of the algorithm in OpenGL and Cg, and several optimizations. We also show how to efficiently compute the distance transform of the given sites using the GPU, based on the first-order Voronoi diagram.
Intrinsic Distribution of Magnetic Anisotropy in Thin Films Probed by Patterned Nanostructures (2006)

We demonstrate that the switching field distribution (SFD) in arrays of 50 nm to 5 microm Co/Pd elements, with perpendicular anisotropy, can be explained by a distribution of intrinsic anisotropy rather than any fabrication related effects. Further, simulations of coercivity and SFD versus element size allow the distribution of intrinsic anisotropy to be quantified in highly exchanged coupled thin films where the reversal mechanism is one of nucleation followed by rapid domain wall motion.
Signal averaging with a magnetic tape loop and boxcar integrator (1976)

An analogue technique is described which recovers a de-noise, amplitude-averaged waveform from a noisy, synchronous signal of short duration. The system is advantageous where the changing or non-stationary nature of the event prevents signal averaging by slow scanning and 'real-time' analysis equipment is not available. If part of the noise is outside the signal bandwidth, the signal to noise ratio may be immediately improved by filtering. The remaining noise within the signal bandwidth must be removed by averaging. This is accomplished by recording several repetitions of the noisy signal on a loop of magnetic tape and then playing it back many times into a boxcar integrator which averages out the noise. Data are presented to show the capability of the system in recovering a signal which is non-stationary in amplitude and buried in noise. The technique has been used with an optical homodyne spectrometer to de-noise the Rayleigh spectrum of laser light scattered by biological samples which permit only brief experiments.
Consideration of Linearity in Cascode Low Noise Amplifiers using Double Derivative Superposition Method with a Tuned Inductor (2007)

In this paper, we propose a highly linear low noise amplifier (LNA) using the double derivative superposition method with a tuned inductor. This topology has an auxiliary common gate stage of the cascode amplifier to cancel each third order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) component and can provide a high third order input intercept point (IIP3) for the 5.25 GHz frequency band. From the simulation results using the TSMC 0.18 μm RF CMOS process, the IIP3 in the proposed cascode LNAs can be improved by 9 dB, compared with the conventional derivative superposition method. The proposed low noise amplifier achieves an IIP3 of +15dBm with a gain of 10.5 dB, a noise figure (NF) of 2.4 dB, and a power consumption of 6mA at 1.5V.
Mechanism of lithium(1+) insertion in spinel-type manganese oxide. Redox and ion-exchange reactions (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of lithium(1+) insertion in spinel-type manganese oxide. Redox and ion-exchange reactionsKenta Ooi, Yoshitaka Miyai, and Jitsuo SakakiharaCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 6, 1167–1171Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/la00054a025Request reuse permissionsArticle Views859Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (575 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-catalyzed inactivation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 by ethynyl substrates. (1980)

Cytochrome P-450 generally refers in this paper to the isozymes induced by phenobarbital, but occasionally is used in a generic sense t.o denote the class of hemoproteins whose reduced carbon monoxide spectra exhibit a maxima at around 450 nm.