gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The SERS response of semiordered Ag nanorod arrays fabricated by template oblique angle deposition (2010)

Abstract Semiordered Ag nanorod arrays are fabricated by template oblique angle deposition (OAD) using regular Au nano‐post arrays with different diameters as seed patterns. The Au nano‐post arrays do not give an observable surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity under our detection configuration, whereas the patterned Ag nanorod arrays can produce a very strong SERS signal. These SERS intensities increase monotonically with the decrease in the diameter and separation of the Ag nanorods, which demonstrates that one can improve the SERS detection by tuning the diameter and separation of the Ag nanorods, and the template OAD method can help produce more uniform, reproducible, and sensitive Ag nanorod SERS substrates. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordinate up-regulation of Sp1 DNA-binding activity and urokinase receptor expression in breast carcinoma. (2000)

The regulatory mechanisms underlying the overexpression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) in highly invasive breast carcinomas remain poorly understood. In this study, we have simultaneously determined the level of uPAR and the activity of the transcription factor Sp1 in 14 breast carcinomas and 5 benign lesions. We found that uPAR levels and Sp1-binding activity are coordinately elevated in malignant tumors (r, 0.94; P < 0.001). On the contrary, undetectable or only barely detectable levels of uPAR and Sp1 activity were found in benign breast lesions. Finally, the engagement of uPAR by catalytically inactive uPA in the MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line results in a rapid up-regulation of Sp1-binding activity followed by an increase of uPAR protein. These results, taken together, suggest the existence of a uPA-dependent positive regulatory loop that may progressively enhance malignant breast cell invasiveness.
Silicon Germanium: Technology, Modeling, and Design (2003)

Contributors. Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. A Historical Perspective at IBM. Technology Development. Modeling and Characterization. Design Automation and Signal Integrity. Leading-Edge Applications. Appendix. Index. About the Authors.
HF and Hydrazine Monohydrate Solution Treatment for Suppressing Oxidation of ZrN Film Surface (2001)

Because the surface of a ZrN film was easily oxidized even immediately after the deposition, we did not obtain heteroepitaxial Ir film on the epitaxial ZrN film. In order to remove the oxidized layer from the ZrN film and suppress the oxidation, we propose a novel wet chemical treatment using HF and hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ) monohydrate solution before the Ir film deposition. From the treated ZrN film surface, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum showed the decrease of the oxide signal of the Zr3d spectrum. Moreover, on the treated epitaxial (100)ZrN film on the (100)Si substrate, we obtained the (100) epitaxial Ir film.
Differential Regulation of a Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoprotein Gene Family in Wounded and Infected Plants (1987)

We have characterized three different transcripts induced by fungal elicitor, wounding, or infection which encode apoproteins of cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins involved in plant defense against infection. The proteins encoded by two of these transcripts contain a proline-rich domain involving tandem repetition of the 16-amino-acid unit Tyr3-Lys-Ser-Pro4-Ser-Pro-Ser-Pro4. The third transcript encodes a protein with a proline-rich domain involving a variant of this 16-mer canonical repeat: Tyr3-His-Ser-Pro4-Lys-His-Ser-Pro4. Each transcript is encoded by a separate gene present at single or low copy number in the haploid genome. These transcripts exhibit markedly different patterns of accumulation in different stress conditions, indicating the operation of several distinct intercellular stress signal systems in higher plants.
Low-Dose Dobutamine Tissue-Tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging With 3-Dimensional Strain Analysis Allows Assessment of Myocardial Viability in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (2006)

Noninvasive dobutamine tissue-tagged MRI with calculation of 3D strain allows the identification, quantification and display of regionally varying ventricular function. The response of systolic strain to low-dose dobutamine has significant promise in discriminating between viable and nonviable myocardium.
New Monoterpene‐Substituted Dihydrochalcones from <i>Piper aduncum</i> (1993)

Abstract Five New unusual monoterpene‐substituted dihydrochalcones, the adunctins A–E (1″ S )‐1‐{2′‐hydroxy‐4′‐methoxy‐6′‐[4″‐methyl‐1″‐(1‴‐methylethyl)cyclohex‐3″ ‐en‐1″ ‐yloxy]phenyl}‐3‐phenylpropan‐1‐one ( 1 ), (5a R *,8 R *,9a R *)‐3‐phenyl‐1‐[5′,8′,9′,9′a‐tetrahydro‐3′‐hydroxy‐1′‐methoxy‐8′‐(1″‐methylethyl)‐5′‐a‐methyldibenzo‐[ b,d ]furan‐4′‐yl]propan‐1‐one ( 2 ), (2′ R *,4″ S *)‐1‐{6′‐hydroxy‐4′‐methoxy‐4″‐(1‴‐methylethyl)spiro[benzo[b]‐furan‐2′(3′ H ),1″ ‐cyclohex‐2″ ‐en]‐7′‐yl}‐3‐phenylpropan‐1‐one ( 3 ), (2′R*,4″ R *)‐1‐{6′‐hydroxy‐4′‐methylethyl‐4″‐(1‴‐methylethyl)spiro[benzo[ b ]furan‐2′(3′ H ),1″‐cyclohex‐2″‐en]‐7′‐yl}‐3‐phenypropan‐1‐one ( 4 ), and (5′aR*,6′ S *, 9′ R *,9′a S *)‐1‐[5′a,6′,7′,8′,9′a‐hexahydro‐3′,6′‐methoxy‐6′‐methyl‐9′‐(1″‐methylethyl)dibenzo[ b,d ]‐furan‐4′‐yl]‐3‐phenylpropan‐1‐one ( 5 ) were isolated from the leaves of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) by preparative liquid chromatography. In addition, (−)‐methyllindaretin ( 6 ), trans ‐phytol, and α‐tocopherol ( = vitamin E) were also isolated and identified. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The antibacterial and cytotoxic potentials of the isolates were also investigated.
Effects of the cholesterol‐lowering compound methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin in models of α‐synucleinopathy (2006)

The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) is believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of disorders such as dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease. The function of alpha-syn remains unclear, although several lines of evidence suggest that alpha-syn is involved in synaptic vesicle trafficking, probably via lipid binding, and interactions with lipids have been shown to regulate alpha-syn aggregation. In this context, the main objective of this study was to determine whether methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD), a cholesterol-extracting agent, interfered with alpha-syn accumulation in models of synucleinopathy. For this purpose, we studied the effects of MbetaCD on the accumulation of alpha-syn in a transfected neuronal cell line and in transgenic mice. Immunoblot analysis showed that MbetaCD reduced the level of alpha-syn in the membrane fraction and detergent-insoluble fraction of transfected cells. In agreement with the in vitro studies, treatment of mice with MbetaCD resulted in decreased levels of alpha-syn in membrane fractions and reduced accumulation of alpha-syn in the neuronal cell body and synapses. Taken together, these results suggest that changes in cholesterol and lipid composition using cholesterol-lowering agents may be used as a tool for the treatment of synucleinopathies.
A successful breast cancer screening program (1992)

A private, low-cost mammography screening program in Charlotte, North Carolina, has grown from one to four fixed sites in the past 6 years and now screens more than 25,000 women annually. An ongoing medical audit of the program shows that the percentage of patients with breast cancer with positive lymph nodes has decreased from 29% to 13%, and the percentage of minimal cancers found has increased from 31% to 52%. Compliance for regular screening has remained at approximately 50% for the past 2 years. Means of increasing compliance to desired levels are discussed.
Induction of mucosal immune responses in the human genital tract (2000)

Mucosae of the female and male genital tracts are the portals of entry for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of viral, bacterial, and parasitic origin ; worldwide, V120 000 000 cases of STDs are reported annually, but the true incidence is probably much higher. Infection with human immunode¢ciency virus (HIV) is no exception : epidemiologic data indicate that worldwide, 70^ 90% of all HIV infections are acquired by heterosexual transmission [1]. This route has the most rapidly rising incidence of new infections, especially among women, who are infected at higher rates than men. Thus, induction of immune responses at the major portals of entry of STD agents and HIV may be important for protection against these infections. Studies performed in animal models and in humans have convincingly demonstrated that the mucosal and systemic compartments of the immune system display a signi¢cant degree of mutual independence [2]. Immunoglobulins (Ig) present in external secretions or systemic £uids are represented by molecules of diierent physicochemical and biological properties. In external secretions of humans and many mammalian species, the dominant Ig is secretory IgA (S-IgA), consisting of polymeric IgA (pIgA) with J chain, and secretory component (SC) derived from epithelial cells [3]. However, secretions of the female and male genital tracts diier from other external secretions (e.g., saliva or milk) as well as from plasma in the proportion of Ig isotypes and forms.
Avian Pneumovirus Infection in Minnesota Turkeys: Experimental Reproduction of the Disease (2000)

Avian pneumovirus (APV) is an emerging viral respiratory disease agent of turkeys in Minnesota. Clinical signs of APV infection include open mouth breathing, ocular and nasal discharge, and swelling of infraorbital sinuses. The virus spreads rapidly among flocks of susceptible turkeys and is associated with increased mortality rates. A flock of 11-wk-old turkeys experienced a respiratory problem characterized by coughing, sneezing, swollen sinuses, and nasal discharge. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed on tissues from the nasal turbinates and tracheal tissues was positive for avian pneumovirus. Turbinate tissue was inoculated into chicken embryo fibroblasts, and cytopathic effect was observed after five blind passages. In an attempt to reproduce the disease, 50 microl of this cell culture-propagated virus was instilled into each conjunctival space and nostril of 23-day-old turkey poults. The poults were sacrificed at 2-day intervals for 12 days, and serum, tissues, and tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected. Between days 2 and 10 after exposure, the poults developed ocular and nasal discharge and swollen sinuses. The virus was detected by RT-PCR and virus isolation from the nasal turbinates of poults sacrificed on days 4 and 6 postinoculation. Antibodies to APV were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Mixtures (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTMixturesRobert L. Scott Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 8, 428Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1953Published inissue 1 August 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ed030p428.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (989 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Molecular Typing of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> : Can PCR Replace Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis? (2003)

ABSTRACT Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is considered the “gold standard” for molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, the method is time-consuming and expensive, and its discriminatory power may not be necessary in outbreak situations. We used a rapid multiplex PCR-based method with published primers and compared the results with those obtained by PFGE. A total of 75 clinical isolates were typed: 59 strains originated from our prospectively collected clinical strains and were epidemiologically unrelated; 16 strains came from an outbreak that was epidemiologically well defined in time and space. A primer mix of the spa gene, the coa gene, and the hypervariable region adjacent to mec A gene was used for multiplex PCR. Both PFGE and PCR clustered the 75 strains into 41 different genotypes. Concordance of the results was 100% for strains originating from the outbreak. Overall, both methods produced concordant results in 72% of cases. A total of 16% were clustered together by PFGE, but not by PCR and 12% were clustered together by PCR but not by PFGE, respectively. The turnaround time was only 8 h for PCR but 5 days for PFGE. This PCR-based method is excellent for rapid and inexpensive typing of MRSA in an outbreak setting, but the discriminatory power and reproducibility are still insufficient to replace PFGE in longitudinal studies in the endemic setting.
Flow-small angle neutron scattering measurements of colloidal dispersion microstructure evolution through the shear thickening transition (2002)

The shear induced microstructure for electrostatic and Brownian suspensions are compared using in situ small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The dispersions consist of 75 nm Stöber silica coated with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TPM) and have a zeta potential of −42.6±4.7 mV. Neutralizing the surface charge with 0.066 M¯ nitric acid yields stable hard-sphere dispersions. SANS is conducted over a range of shear rates on the charge-stabilized and Brownian suspensions to test the order–disorder transition and hydrocluster mechanisms for shear thickening, and demonstrate the influence of stabilizing forces on the shear induced microstructure evolution. Through treatment of the colloidal micromechanics, shear induced changes in the microstructure are correlated to the hydrodynamic component of the shear stress and the thermodynamic component of the normal stress, i.e., the method of “Rheo-SANS” is developed. The results demonstrate that hydrocluster formation accompanies the shear thickening transition.
Highly sensitive protein detection using enzyme-labeled gold nanoparticleprobes (2009)

A highly sensitive protein detection method based on a novel enzyme-labeled gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probe has been developed. In this method, we firstly prepared the enzyme-labeled AuNP probe by coating AuNP with antibody, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Magnetic microparticle (MMP) functionalized with another antibody was used as capture probe. Then, target protein was sandwiched by the enzyme-labeled AuNP probe and the capture probe through immunoreaction. The target immunoreaction event could be sensitively transduced via the enzymatically amplified optical signal. By using this strategy, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), as a model protein, was detected with high sensitivity and good specificity. The detection limit for this approach was 12 ng L(-1), which was approximately 130-fold more sensitive than the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The practical application of the proposed immunoassay was carried out for determination of CEA in serum samples. The demonstrated capability of the proposed method shows potentially applications for early diagnoses of diseases.
Synthesis, characterization, OFET and electrochemical properties of novel dimeric metallophthalocyanines (2013)

The synthesis of 4,4'-[6,6'-methylenebis (2-(2-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methyl-6,1-phenylene)] bis (oxy) diphthalonitrile 1 was achieved starting from 4-nitrophthalonitrile and 6,6'-methylenebis(2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methylphenol in DMF at 50 °C by the catalysis of K2CO3 under argon. The corresponding dimeric metallophthalocyanines (Zn2Pc2 2 and Co2Pc2 3) were tetramerized in dimethylaminoethanol with the appropriate metal salt. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis, FT-IR (ATR), MALDI-TOF mass and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy techniques. The electrochemical properties of the complexes were examined by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, controlled potential coulometry and in situ spectroelectrochemistry in nonaqueous media. The results showed that while there is considerable weak interactions between the two metal phthalocyanine units in dimeric zinc phthalocyanine, these interactions in dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine is remarkable. The catalytic performances of dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine in the reduction of oxygen in a medium similar to the working conditions of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel-cells were found to be much higher than that of dinuclear zinc phthalocyanine. Solution-processed films of the complexes were utilized as an active semiconducting layer in the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) in the bottom-gate configurations. The output characteristics of the resulting p-type OFET devices were investigated to evaluate the performances such as the field effect mobility (μF). A relatively high field effect mobility of 7.3 × 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) was observed for dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine.
Systematic proteome and proteostasis profiling in human Trisomy 21 fibroblast cells (2017)

Down syndrome (DS) is mostly caused by a trisomy of the entire Chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21, T21). Here, we use SWATH mass spectrometry to quantify protein abundance and protein turnover in fibroblasts from a monozygotic twin pair discordant for T21, and to profile protein expression in 11 unrelated DS individuals and matched controls. The integration of the steady-state and turnover proteomic data indicates that protein-specific degradation of members of stoichiometric complexes is a major determinant of T21 gene dosage outcome, both within and between individuals. This effect is not apparent from genomic and transcriptomic data. The data also reveal that T21 results in extensive proteome remodeling, affecting proteins encoded by all chromosomes. Finally, we find broad, organelle-specific post-transcriptional effects such as significant downregulation of the mitochondrial proteome contributing to T21 hallmarks. Overall, we provide a valuable proteomic resource to understand the origin of DS phenotypic manifestations.
The “return” of hepatitis B (2006)

There has been a significant advance in the treatment of chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the following drugs were approved for therapy: Conventional interferon (IFN), pegylated interferon alfa-2a (PEG IFN alpha2a), lamivudine, adefovir and entecavir. Compared to nucleoside analogues IFN induces higher rates of sustained remission and HBsAg loss. Conventional IFN in lower doses (1, 5-3 MIU) tiw for 4-6 mo has similar efficacy in comparison to "standard IFN therapy". Longer IFN treatment is a significant factor for long-term remission in HBeAg-negative CHB, but the higher actual IFN dose is not such a factor. PEG IFN is superior to conventional IFN. There is no significant difference between PEG IFN alpha2a at doses 90 mcg/wk and 180 mcg/wk in HBeAg-positive patients. These results provide a rational for further clinical trials with lower doses PEG IFN alpha2a given in prolonged course as maintenance or intermittent treatment. Serious new problems arose after the introduction of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues in clinical practice. The most important ones are drug-resistance and the high rates of relapse after treatment discontinuation. Therapy should only be recommended if the expected benefit exceeds significantly the abstain from treatment. The choice of therapy should take into account the patient's age, co-morbidity, severity of liver disease and the risk of drug-resistance. New antivirals significantly suppress HBV-replication, but have no effect on cccDNA in hepatocytes, and after the treatment discontinuation viral relapses occurs. At the present level of knowledge it is impossible "to eradicate the virus" The realistic treatment goal is to achieve durable response by clearance of HBeAg, sustained decrease of serum HBV DNA levels, normalization of ALT, improvement of liver histology and stopping of liver fibrogenesis. The competition between IFN based therapy and nucleoside or nucleotide analogues still remains. IFN can cure the liver disease while nucleotide analogues only suppress the viral replication during therapy and can reduce the liver fibrosis. Treatment should be prolonged for 24-mo or longer by using maintenance or intermittent treatment course with the lowest effective IFN and PEG IFN doses. Nucleoside/nucleotide analogues are a promising treatment option, but additional data for treatment duration and long-term post-treatment outcome are necessary.
A 1-V 3.8-5.7-GHz wide-band VCO with differentially tuned accumulation MOS varactors for common-mode noise rejection in CMOS SOI technology (2003)

In this paper, a 1-V 3.8 - 5.7-GHz wide-band voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) in a 0.13-/spl mu/m silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS process is presented. This VCO features differentially tuned accumulation MOS varactors that: 1) provide 40% frequency tuning when biased between 0 - 1 V and 2) diminish the adverse effect of high varactor sensitivity through rejection of common-mode noise. This paper shows that, for differential LC VCOs, all low-frequency noise such as flicker noise can be considered to be common-mode noise, and differentially tuned varactors can be used to suppress common-mode noise from being upconverted to the carrier frequency. The noise rejection mechanism is explained, and the technological advantages of SOI over bulk CMOS in this regard is discussed. At 1-MHz offset, the measured phase noise is -121.67 dBc/Hz at 3.8 GHz, and -111.67 dBc/Hz at 5.7 GHz. The power dissipation is between 2.3 - 2.7-mW, depending on the center frequency, and the buffered output power is -9 dBm. Due to the noise rejection, the VCO is able to operate at very low voltage and low power. At a supply voltage of 0.75 V, the VCO only dissipates 0.8 mW at 5.5 GHz.
Intraoperative Confocal Microscopy for Brain Tumors: A Feasibility Analysis in Humans (2011)

Intraoperative confocal microscopy is a practicable technology for the resection of human brain tumors. Preliminary analysis demonstrates reliability for a variety of lesions in identifying tumor cells and the tumor-brain interface. Further refinement of this technology depends upon the approval of tumor-specific fluorescent contrast agents for human use.
Ferrite-ferroelectric hybrid wave phase shifters (2007)

A dual, electric and magnetic field tunable microwave phase shifter based on the propagation of hybrid spin-electromagnetic waves in a ferrite-ferroelectric bilayer is discussed. The bilayer consists of a single-crystal yttrium iron garnet film and a ceramic barium strontium titanate slab. The electrical tunability of the differential phase shift Δφ is achieved through the application of a voltage across barium strontium titanate. An insertion loss of 20dB and a continuously variable Δφ as high as 650° in the frequency range of 4.5–8GHz are measured.