gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Performance and Dehydration (2012)

No matter how mild, dehydration is not a desirable condition because there is an imbalance in the homeostatic function of the internal environment. This can adversely affect cognitive performance, not only in groups more vulnerable to dehydration, such as children and the elderly, but also in young adults. However, few studies have examined the impact of mild or moderate dehydration on cognitive performance. This paper reviews the principal findings from studies published to date examining cognitive skills. Being dehydrated by just 2% impairs performance in tasks that require attention, psychomotor, and immediate memory skills, as well as assessment of the subjective state. In contrast, the performance of long-term and working memory tasks and executive functions is more preserved, especially if the cause of dehydration is moderate physical exercise. The lack of consistency in the evidence published to date is largely due to the different methodology applied, and an attempt should be made to standardize methods for future studies. These differences relate to the assessment of cognitive performance, the method used to cause dehydration, and the characteristics of the participants.
Microemulsions in near-critical and supercritical carbon dioxide (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicroemulsions in near-critical and supercritical carbon dioxideT. A. Hoefling, R. M. Enick, and E. J. BeckmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 19, 7127–7129Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100172a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100172a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views841Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Sulfation of synthetic linear primary alcohols with chlorosulfonic acid (1970)

Abstract This laboratory optimization program was undertaken to describe a method for sulfating linear primary synthetic alcohols with chlorosulfonic acid. Several alcohol blends, containing carbon lengths from C 12 to C 16 , were studied. These products find applications in cosmetic and shampoo formulations. A number of quality factors (color, odor, free unsulfated alcohol), demanded by this market, are discussed and comparisons to industry wide standards are made. Some of the operating parameters detailed in this work are: mole ratio of alcohol to acid; rate of reaction; reaction temperature; post reaction sparge time; sparging conditions and reaction time. It was shown that the color, of a finished triethanolamine salt based on Alfol 1216 SP alcohol, was significantly improved by proper sparging of the reaction mixture. Further, the color passed through a maximum during this final step. It was also demonstrated that dry air is functional in this quality improvement, while nitrogen seems to be inert.
A preliminary investigation of the use of focused laser beams for minimum ignition energy studies (1971)

Abstract The plasma produced by focusing a passively Q-switched 30 J ruby laser beam is studied as regards its suitability for minimum ignition energy measurement. By comparison with electric spark discharges, it would appear to offer shorter times and smaller volumes of the initiating plasma, as well as freedom from energy losses to electrodes and elsewhere within the circuit. The growth of the initiating plasma as well as that of the flame kernel are studied as a function of pressure and composition, the former using an optical delay line with a schlieren system and the latter by high-speed schlieren streak photography. It is found that the difficulties of the method are associated with the finite duration of the laser pulse. In the time between the onset of breakdown and the end of the pulse the plasma front facing the incident beam absorbs the incoming energy, leading to the production of an extended and unsymmetrical initiating source, an absorption threshold which may already be in excess of the minimum ignition energy, and the formation of a blast wave which may be powerful enough to initiate a detonation rather than a deflagration. For a pulse of approx. 20 nano second half width these effects become serious above about half an atmosphere for stoichiometric methane-air mixtures. For lower pressures, or near limit mixtures, the promise of the method is borne out and both ignition energies and quenching distances fall below those determined by the electric spark method. For higher pressures and faster reacting mixtures it will be necessary to decrease the duration of the laser pulse and the size of the plasma.
Detection of Autoantibodies Against Hypocretin, hcrtr1, and hcrtr2 in Narcolepsy: Anti-Hcrt System Antibody in Narcolepsy (2006)

Although we have detected autoantibodies against the hypocretin neurotransmission system, our results do not support the hypothesis that autoantibody-mediated dysfunction in the hypocretin system underlies the pathophysiology of narcolepsy.
Dark solitons in nonlinear optics (1993)

Recent theoretical and experimental results on propagation of dark-pulse solitons in nonlinear optical media are reviewed. Using an analytical approach based on the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, the authors describe properties of dark solitons, features of their generation by different input pulses, and the dynamics of dark solitons in the presence of perturbations. They also briefly discuss experimental results which show the possibility of dark-soliton propagation in optical fibers (temporal dark solitons), laser beams passed through a sodium vapor and nonlinear slab waveguides (spatial dark solitons), and demonstrate that theoretical predictions and experimental data are in good agreement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controlled compression and liposuction treatment for lower extremity lymphedema. (2008)

In 1987 we noticed excess adipose tissue in a patient with arm lymphedema and later, objective studies confirmed this clinical finding in patients with non-pitting arm lymphedema following breast cancer. A prospective study was begun in 1993, and its long-term results (15 years) shows overall complete reduction of the excess volume in patients with non-pitting arm lymphedema and that adipose tissue dominates the excess volume. Encouraged by these results we operated on a patient with primary and secondary elephantiasis of the leg. The edema was first transferred from a pitting to a non-pitting state by controlled compression therapy. Then liposuction was performed to remove the remaining excess adipose tissue, and complete reduction was finally achieved. The patient wears compression garments continuously and during the 11 years of followup, no recurrence has occurred. This paper explains our philosophical approach: a pitting lymphedema first should be treated conservatively to remove excess fluid, then liposuction can be performed to remove remaining excess volume bothersome to the patient.
Theory and Development of Near-field Plates. (2013)

I would never have been able to accomplish this work without the help and support of my beloved family, especially my mom and dad, who have been the source of consolation and relief throughout my education. I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Anthony Grbic, who has guided me through my research endeavors over the last six years. Working with him has been an extremely rewarding experience in both academic and social aspects. As a person starting his research career, I am greatly indebted to Professor Anthony Grbic for what he has taught me over the course of my doctoral studies
Farnesol, a common sesquiterpene, inhibits PQS production in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2007)

Farnesol is a sesquiterpene produced by many organisms, including the fungus Candida albicans. Here, we report that the addition of farnesol to cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human bacterial pathogen, leads to decreased production of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) and the PQS-controlled virulence factor, pyocyanin. Within 15 min of farnesol addition, decreased transcript levels of pqsA, the first gene in the PQS biosynthetic operon, were observed. Transcript levels of pqsR (mvfR), which encodes the transcription factor that positively regulates pqsA, were unaffected. An Escherichia coli strain producing PqsR and containing the pqsA promoter fused to lacZ similarly showed that farnesol inhibited PQS-stimulated transcription. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that, like PQS, farnesol stimulated PqsR binding to the pqsA promoter at a previously characterized LysR binding site, suggesting that farnesol promoted a non-productive interaction between PqsR and the pqsA promoter. Growth with C. albicans leads to decreased production of PQS and pyocyanin by P. aeruginosa, suggesting that the amount of farnesol produced by the fungus is sufficient to impact P. aeruginosa PQS signalling. Related isoprenoid compounds, but not other long-chain alcohols, also inhibited PQS production at micromolar concen-trations, suggesting that related compounds may participate in interspecies interactions with P. aeruginosa.
THE STRUCTURE OF FUMAGILLIN<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE STRUCTURE OF FUMAGILLIN1D. S. Tarbell, R. M. Carman, D. D. Chapman, K. R. Huffman, and N. J. McCorkindaleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 4, 1005–1007Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01489a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01489a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improvement in the Apparent Mass Resolution of Oligonucleotides by Using <sup>12</sup>C/<sup>14</sup>N-Enriched Samples (2001)

The apparent mass resolution of oligonucleotides in time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometers has been examined. In a reflectron TOF instrument, where the isotopic profile can be completely resolved, the apparent resolution matches the instrument's resolving power. In a linear TOF instrument, unresolved isotopic profiles limit the apparent resolution to much lower values than the actual instrument resolution. By using 12C/14N-enriched oligonucleotides, the apparent resolution can be improved significantly. The isotope enrichment method also enhances the signal-to-noise ratio.
An Efficient Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Feature Selection and Ensemble Classifier. (2019)

Intrusion detection system (IDS) is one of extensively used techniques in a network topology to safeguard the integrity and availability of sensitive assets in the protected systems. Although many supervised and unsupervised learning approaches from the field of machine learning have been used to increase the efficacy of IDSs, it is still a problem for existing intrusion detection algorithms to achieve good performance. First, lots of redundant and irrelevant data in high-dimensional datasets interfere with the classification process of an IDS. Second, an individual classifier may not perform well in the detection of each type of attacks. Third, many models are built for stale datasets, making them less adaptable for novel attacks. Thus, we propose a new intrusion detection framework in this paper, and this framework is based on the feature selection and ensemble learning techniques. In the first step, a heuristic algorithm called CFS-BA is proposed for dimensionality reduction, which selects the optimal subset based on the correlation between features. Then, we introduce an ensemble approach that combines C4.5, Random Forest (RF), and Forest by Penalizing Attributes (Forest PA) algorithms. Finally, voting technique is used to combine the probability distributions of the base learners for attack recognition. The experimental results, using NSL-KDD, AWID, and CIC-IDS2017 datasets, reveal that the proposed CFS-BA-Ensemble method is able to exhibit better performance than other related and state of the art approaches under several metrics.
Lipases and Their Functionality in the Production of Wheat‐Based Food Systems (2014)

Abstract In the last several decades, food industries have increasingly used lipases as a result of the functional versatility of these enzymes and their potential beneficial effects in terms of processing and product quality. This review article discusses lipases and their functional effects during cereal‐based food processing with a focus on the production of bread and cakes. Their dough and batter intermediates, respectively, are essentially semi‐solid foams that upon baking are converted into solid cellular sponges. In both cases, the lipid fraction(s) from wheat (in the case of bread and cake), egg and/or bakery fat (in the case of cake) exert major roles in gas incorporation and stabilization in the cited semi‐solid foams. An up‐to‐date overview on the (potential) substrates, the different lipase enzymes, their action mechanism, their functionality, and how they impact bread and cake quality is presented. We also hypothesize on how the observed effects can be interpreted in terms of the altered lipid chemistry.
Functionalized scaffolds of shorter self-assembling peptides containing MMP-2 cleavable motif promote fibroblast proliferation and significantly accelerate 3-D cell migration independent of scaffold stiffness (2010)

The functionalization of self-assembling peptide scaffolds with biologically active motifs presents many possibilities for the design of synthetic biological materials for 3D cell culture, reparative, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. We here report the development of short self-assembling peptide scaffolds designed especially for cell migration. We designed self-assembling peptide scaffolds VEVK9 (Ac-VEVKVEVKV-CONH2) and VEVK12 (Ac-VEVKVEVKVEVK-CONH2) and modified variants of these peptides directly coupled to short biologically active motifs. These motifs include two-unit RGD binding units (PRGDSGYRGDS), cell adhesion sequences of laminin (YIGSR and IKVAV) and a Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) cleavable sequence (PVGLIG). We show here that the peptide scaffolds functionalized with these cell adhesion motifs significantly promoted proliferation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Moreover, when combined with the MMP-2 cleavable motifs, the peptide scaffolds significantly accelerated the fibroblasts' migration independent of scaffold stiffness. Our results suggest that the interaction between integrin receptors of fibroblasts and cell adhesion motifs of the scaffolds stimulated MMP-2 production from the fibroblasts to accelerate proteolytic cell migration in the similar manner as natural extracellular matrix. These peptide scaffolds may be useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine including periodontal tissue reconstruction.
Role of oxygen in T cell-mediated cytolysis. (1982)

Abstract We reexplored the controversial question of the O2-dependence of T cell-mediated cytolysis, using both polyclonal, MLR-activated spleen cell populations and cloned, cytolytic T cell lines. Deprivation of O2 inhibited cytolysis by a mean of 61% (range, 31 to 81%). Cytolytic function was fully restored by returning O2 to the system. Direct measurement of residual O2 concentration in the fluid phase indicated a surprisingly high value, 2.6 ± 0.6 µM, which may explain why inhibition of cytolysis was incomplete. O2 uptake and cytolysis were then measured as a function of KCN concentration. KCN inhibited both processes completely, but with almost totally dissociable dose-response curves. O2 consumption (5.3 to 12.5 nmol/107 cells per min) was inhibited by low concentrations of KCN (ID50, 0.04 to 0.17 mM) with little or no effect on cytolysis (ID50, 0.93 to 1.37 mM). Thus, mitochondrial respiration did not appear to account for the O2 requirement of cytolysis. Sensitive assays were used to measure O2-, H2O2, and chemiluminescent species during the interaction of T cells with tumor cells. No such reactive O2 intermediates were detected. Glutathione was depleted in the tumor cells with buthionine sulfoximine or with vernolepin, and tumor cells were coated with eosinophil peroxidase, all of which markedly sensitize tumor cells to oxidant injury. These interventions did not increase cytolysis. Numerous scavengers of reactive O2 intermediates were tested. Several (benzoate, thiourea, histidine, DABCO) markedly inhibited cytolysis. However, direct visualization of T cell-tumor cell interaction revealed that each agent, except DABCO, altered T cell morphology and interfered with binding of tumor cells. Finally, seven inhibitors of arachidonate cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase were tested. Cytolysis-inhibiting doses of indomethacin (1 mM) inhibited T cell-tumor cell binding. Maximal nontoxic doses of five other cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase inhibitors had no effect on cytolysis. Thus, T cell-mediated cytolysis appears to require O2, but the requirement is probably not for mitochondrial respiration, secretion of reactive O2 intermediates, or production of oxidized metabolites of arachidonic acid.
The University of Washington Strategic Analysis, Research and Training (START) Center: an innovative applied research and training model (2016)

Annals of Global Health is a peer-reviewed, fully open access, online journal dedicated to publishing high quality articles dedicated to all aspects of global health. The journal's mission is to advance global health, promote research, and foster the prevention and treatment of disease worldwide. Its goals are to improve the health and well-being of all people, advance health equity, and promote wise stewardship of the earth's environment. The latest journal impact factor is 2.90. Annals of Global Health is supported by the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good at Boston College. It was founded in 1934 by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai as the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. It is a partner journal of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health. From time to time, Annals of Global Health publishes Special Collections, a series of articles organized around a common theme in global health. Recent Special Collections have included "Local evidence and strategies in addressing NCDs Non-Communicable Diseases in Tanzania", "Universal Health Coverage through Integrated Care", and "The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health". Global health workers interested in developing a Special Collection are strongly encouraged to contact the Managing Editor in advance to discuss the project.
The Consequence of Selection for Copper Tolerance on the Uptake and Accumulation of Copper inMimulus guttatus (1997)

Previous research has shown that copper tolerance in Mimulus guttatus Fischer ex DC. is controlled by a single major gene and can be enhanced by a number of minor genes (or modifiers). Here we report the uptake of copper by three lines which all possessed the major tolerance gene but differed in the modifier genes: the major gene only (IT), the major gene plus increased (HT6) and decreased (LT6) modifiers. HT6 showed the highest copper tolerance and IT the lowest. Copper uptake was investigated at five copper concentrations and over 30 d to analyse the concentration of copper accumulated in roots and shoots and the partitioning of apoplastic and symplastic root copper. Significant differences were found for root copper concentration with the IT line accumulating the highest levels. Fifty-two per cent of the root copper in the IT line is symplastic and this increases to 60% in LT6 and 64% in HT6. Significant differences were recorded for shoot copper concentration with HT6 accumulating the highest and IT the lowest. At the highest external copper concentration the HT line accumulated nearly 800 μg g -1 in its shoot, approaching levels reported for copper hyperaccumulation. Copyright 1997 Annals of Botany Company
Calcium dynamics in the failing heart: restoration by β-adrenergic receptor blockade (2003)

Changes in calcium (Ca2+) regulation contribute to loss of contractile function in dilated cardiomyopathy. Clinical treatment using beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta-blockers) slows deterioration of cardiac function in end-stage heart failure patients; however, the effects of beta-blocker treatment on Ca2+ dynamics in the failing heart are unknown. To address this issue, tropomodulin-overexpressing transgenic (TOT) mice, which suffer from dilated cardiomyopathy, were treated with a nonselective beta-receptor blocker (5 mg. kg-1. day-1 propranolol) for 2 wk. Ca2+ dynamics in isolated cardiomyocytes of TOT mice significantly improved after treatment compared with untreated TOT mice. Frequency-dependent diastolic and Ca2+ transient amplitudes were returned to normal in propranolol-treated TOT mice and but not in untreated TOT mice. Ca2+ kinetic measurements of time to peak and time decay of the caffeine-induced Ca2+ transient to 50% relaxation were also normalized. Immunoblot analysis of untreated TOT heart samples showed a 3.6-fold reduction of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), whereas Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) concentrations were increased 2.6-fold relative to nontransgenic samples. Propranolol treatment of TOT mice reversed the alterations in SERCA and NCX protein levels but not potassium channels. Although restoration of Ca2+ dynamics occurred within 2 wk of beta-blockade treatment, evidence of functional improvement in cardiac contractility assessed by echocardiography took 10 wk to materialize. These results demonstrate that beta-adrenergic blockade restores Ca2+ dynamics and normalizes expression of Ca2+-handling proteins, eventually leading to improved hemodynamic function in cardiomyopathic hearts.