gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IFN-γ-Induced MHC Class II Expression: Transactivation of Class II Transactivator Promoter IV by IFN Regulatory Factor-1 is Regulated by Protein Kinase C-α (2003)

Previous studies based on pharmacological evidence suggested a requirement for protein kinase C (PKC) activity in the regulation of IFN-gamma-induced MHC class II (MHC-II) expression. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which PKC-alpha modulates IFN-gamma-induced MHC-II expression in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Overexpression of a dominant-negative (DN) mutant of PKC-alpha inhibited the expression of IFN-gamma-induced MHC-II but had no effect on IFN-gamma-induced STAT1 nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity, as well as on the expression of inducible NO synthase, IFN consensus sequence binding protein, MHC class I, IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10. Further analysis showed that IFN-gamma-induced expression of the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA), a transcriptional coactivator essential for MHC-II expression, was inhibited in DN PKC-alpha-overexpressing cells. Studies with reporter constructs containing the promoter IV region of CIITA revealed that overexpression of a constitutively active mutant of PKC-alpha enhanced IRF-1, but not IRF-2, transcriptional activity. Furthermore, characterization of IRF-1 from both normal and DN PKC-alpha-overexpressing cells revealed differences in IRF-1 posttranslational modifications. Collectively, our data suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for IFN-gamma-induced MHC-II expression, whereby PKC regulates CIITA expression by selectively modulating the transcriptional activity of IRF-1.
Protection system for meshed HVDC network using superconducting fault current limiters (2013)

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) grids have a wide potential of development, especially considering the development of offshore wind power plants. In this paper, we consider meshed HVDC grids. Meshing networks increases the fault current. These very high currents are a drawback for the system, and the fault clearing process requires new technologies to break huge direct current. Therefore, high speed protection and opening systems are currently investigated in several institutions. Considering a differential protection system, various opening systems can be used. But, in this study, superconducting fault current limiters, using high temperature superconducting tapes are used to reduce the dramatically huge current to be broken by the DC breakers. Simulations with very accurate models are used to justify the conclusions.
Total synthesis of a mycobactin: mycobactin S2 (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of a mycobactin: mycobactin S2Peter J. Maurer and Marvin J. MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 2, 240–245Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00340a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00340a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views555Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development towards an experimental protocol for the transmisson of pancreas disease of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (1993)

The w ~d e s p r e a d loss of exocnne pancreas secretory aclnai cells, slmllai to the pathology observed In Atlantic salmon Salmo salaraffected by pancreas dlsease, was reproduclbly transmitted to salmon parr in fresh water by intraperltoneal injections of homogenised k ~d n e y and spleen removed from affected f ~s h .
Partial Purification and Molecular Characterization of a Lymphokine (Costimulator) Required for the Mitogenic Response of Mouse Thymocytes <i>in Vitro</i> (1978)

We have partially purified a lymphokine, costimulator, which is necessary to induce mitogenesis in mouse thymocytes in vitro. Costimulator is released from mouse leukocytes exposed to Con A for 12 to 18 hr. It has been purified more than 100 X by gel exclusion chromatography and isoelectric focusing. Thymocytes from CBA/J mice respond to the mitogenic lectin Con A only if the costimulator concentration is above a certain level. Culturing such cells with Con A at a density below 1 X 10(6) cells/ml produces costimulator concentrations too low for mitogenesis. This system has been developed into a quantitative assay for costimulator, to monitor purification, recovery, and biologic activity in various methods of molecular characterization. The activity is trypsin sensitive, and has a buoyant density characteristic of protein or glycoprotein. However, for a protein, it is relatively heat stable. Its m.w., established by carrying out sedimentation, gel filtration, and buoyant density measurements, is 30,500, and its frictional coefficient is 1.45. Costimulator purified by isoelectric focusing is active at 10(-10) M or lower in tissue culture.
Propagation and Termination Kinetics of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate in Aqueous Solution (2016)

The propagation rate coefficient, kp, of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (Mn ≈500 g mol−1) has been measured via pulsed-laser polymerization (PLP)–size-exclusion-chromatography in aqueous solution between 5 wt% monomer and bulk polymerization at temperatures from 22 to 77 °C. kp increases significantly toward higher water content, as is observed for other water-soluble monomers. This entropy-motivated effect enhances the pre-exponential. The activation energy, EA(kp), is more or less identical to the characteristic value of methacrylates. The chain-length-dependent rate coefficient, kti,i, for termination of two radicals of chain length i has been investigated at low degrees of monomer conversion via the single-pulse–PLP–electron paramagnetic resonance technique. kti,i turned out to be adequately represented by the composite model designed by the Russell group. The power-law exponents for the chain-length dependence of small and long radicals are close to the numbers reported for other monomers. The rate coefficient for termination of two radicals of chain length unity scales with the fluidity of the reaction mixture. Viscosity measurements prior to polymerization thus enable estimates of termination rate.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor–Dependent Pathways in Immune Regulation (2016)

The idea of possible involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in transplant tolerance can be traced back >30 years, when very low doses of dioxin-the most potent AhR ligand-were found to markedly reduce the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in response to alloantigen challenge in vivo. AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is activated by dioxins and other environmental pollutants. We now know that AhR can bind a broad variety of activating ligands that are disparate in nature, including endogenous molecules and those formed in the gut from food and bacterial products. Consequently, in addition to its classical role as a toxicological signal mediator, AhR is emerging as a transcription factor involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses in various immune cell types, including lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Allograft rejection is mostly a T cell-mediated alloimmune response initiated by the recognition of alloantigens presented by donor and recipient APCs to recipient CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Based on those findings, AhR may function as a critical sensor of outside and inside environments, leading to changes in the immune system that may have relevance in transplantation.
Study of DNA interaction with carbon nanotubes (2003)

Structural characterisation of two different forms of carbon graphite and singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) has been done with Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. Interaction of nucleic acids with graphite powder and SWCNT was studied with Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy. Analysis of DNA-SWCNT complex vibration modes has shown that the numerous structural changes in DNA have been connected with appearance of new sugar and bases conformations, changes in phosphate vibrations and could be interpreted as A-B conformation transition and stabilisation of structure in some DNA fragments. Only very slight graphite influence on DNA structure have been registered. We have proposed the model of DNA interaction with SWCNT based on wrapping of nucleic acid molecules around carbon nanotubes. The similar situation seems to occur in chromosome during DNA assembling by histones.
Isolation of an Active Catalytic Core of <i>Streptococcus downei</i> MFe28 GTF-I Glucosyltransferase (1999)

Truncated variants of GTF-I from Streptococcus downei MFe28 were purified by means of a histidine tag. Sequential deletions showed that the C-terminal domain was not directly involved in the catalytic process but was required for primer activation. A fully active catalytic core of only 100 kDa was isolated.
IGIV in neurology--evidence and recommendations. (1999)

In neurology, many disorders are poorly understood, and the mechanisms behind beneficial regimens even less so. As a result, it is fairly common for best-practice decisions to rest on weaker evidence. The usefulness of IGIV in neurology can be described by a "combined score" based on evidence quality and strength of impact. Combined scores ranged from A+ (strongly recommended) to C (recommended as a last resort). The following clinical recommendations are made: IGIV is: strongly recommended for the treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome (A+); favorably recommended for the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, dermatomyositis, and multifocal motor neuropathy (A); recommended as a second resort for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis (B); and recommended as a last resort for the treatment of polymyositis, inclusion-body myositis, intractable epilepsies, and stiff-man syndrome (C).
Rudbeckiolid, ein dimeres Sesquiterpenlacton aus <i>Rudbeckia laciniata</i> (1986)

Abstract Wurzeln von Rudbeckia laciniata ergeben neben bekannten Verbindungen in sehr kleiner Menge ein ungewöhnliches dimeres Sesquiterpenlacton ( 9 ). Dessen Konstitution konnte durch eingehende 1 H‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen, die Stereochemie aus den beobachteten Kopplungen sowie vor allem durch die Ergebnisse der NOE‐Differenzspektroskopie geklärt werden.
Stimuli‐Responsive Y‐Shaped Polymer Brushes Based on Junction‐Point‐Reactive Block Copolymers (2012)

A general concept for the preparation of junction-point-reactive, amphiphilic Y-shaped block copolymer brushes for ultrathin polymer films is demonstrated, combining anionic polymerization techniques. The polymer films (1–3 nm) exhibit reversible, stimuli-responsive wetting behavior upon application of different external stimuli (temperature and solvent). Contact angle measurements confirm the reversible hydrophobization with shifts up to 23°. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
CD1d-restricted Help To B Cells By Human Invariant Natural Killer T Lymphocytes (2003)

Invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells are a highly conserved subset of T lymphocytes expressing a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR), which is restricted to CD1d and specific for the glycosphingolipid antigen alpha-galactosylceramide. Their ability to secrete a variety of cytokines, which in turn modulate the activation of cells of both innate and acquired immune responses, suggests that invariant NKT cells exert a regulatory role mainly via indirect mechanisms. A relevant question is whether invariant NKT cells can directly help B cells. We document here that human invariant NKT cells are as efficient as conventional CD4+ Th0 lymphocytes in promoting proliferation of autologous memory and naive B lymphocytes in vitro, and in inducing immunoglobulin production. Help to B cells by invariant NKT cells is CD1d-dependent and delivered also in the absence of alpha-galactosylceramide, suggesting that NKT cells recognize an endogenous ligand presented by CD1d on B cells. The two major subsets of invariant NKT cells, CD4+ and double negative (CD4-CD8-), express comparable levels of CD40 ligand and cytokines, but differ in helper functions. Indeed, both subsets induce similar levels of B cell proliferation, whereas CD4+ NKT cells induce higher levels of immunoglobulin production. These results suggest a direct role for invariant NKT cells in regulating B lymphocyte proliferation and effector functions.
Preparation of ( <scp> <i>S</i> </scp> )‐Methyl Glycidate via Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution (2006)

Abstract ( S)‐ Methyl glycidate Methyl acrylate (+/−)‐Methyl glycidate ( R,R )‐(−)‐ N,N ′‐Bis(3,5‐di‐ tert ‐butylsalicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediaminocobalt(II)
Enantioselective Synthesis of 5-LO Inhibitor Hydroxyureas. Tandem Nucleophilic Addition−Intramolecular Cyclization of Chiral Nitrones (1997)

An enantioselective synthesis of chiral hydroxyurea based 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors is reported via a five-step sequence in about 30% overall yield. The synthesis is based on a novel tandem nucleophilic addition−intramolecular cyclization reaction in which a chiral nitrone functions as the electrophilic acceptor species. A mannose-based chiral auxiliary controls the diastereoselectivity of the reaction in an 8:1 ratio. After the auxiliary removal and appropriate functionalization, a single recrystallization afforded the target structures in >99% ee.
Burn Injury Enhances Bone Formation in Heterotopic Ossification Model (2013)

Burn injury increases the predilection to osteogenic differentiation of ectopically implanted ossicles. Early differences in vascularity correlated with later bone development. Understanding the role of burn injury on heterotopic bone formation is an important first step toward the development of treatment strategies aimed to prevent unwanted and detrimental heterotopic bone formation.
Raman Scattering Techniques Applied to Problems in Solid State Physics (1972)

A discussion of the application of Raman scattering to solid state problems is followed by a description of the experimental technique. A recent experiment is described in which the thickness of the domain wall in the strongly coupled ferroelectric-ferroelastic material gadolinium molybdate is found to be within the limits 0.8-3 micro. The Raman scattering from part of the wall volume is characteristic of the high temperature paraelectric phase.
Secretion of Alzheimer's disease Abeta amyloid peptide by activated human platelets. (1998)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of Abeta (betaA4) peptides of 39 to 43 amino acid residues, which are normal cellular metabolic products derived by proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The physiologic function of Abeta/APP in vivo is poorly understood. We analyzed human platelets for Abeta production by immunoprecipitation coupled to immunoblotting. A 4-kd Abeta fragment that comigrates with an Abeta40 synthetic peptide and reacts with several antibodies specific for the N- and C-termini of Abeta is detected. The majority of platelet Abeta appears to end at residue 40, as determined by immunoreactivity with an Abeta40-specific antibody. Furthermore, Abeta is secreted upon platelet stimulation with the physiologic agonists thrombin and collagen, together with secretion of soluble APP (sAPP). A comparison between serum and plasma shows a 1.6-fold increase in Abeta levels and a 2.4-fold increase in sAPP levels in serum. This is consistent with the view that platelets are the primary source of circulating Abeta and APP. The release of platelet Abeta by physiologic stimuli suggests that it may play a role in platelet aggregation and coagulation or in the repair mechanisms associated with injury.
Integration of Information Technology, Wireless Networks, and Personal Digital Assistants for Triage and Casualty (2006)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a portable tool for use by first responders in documenting triage of victims in a mass casualty incident (MCI) more effectively. The tool presented in this study allows first responders to gather patients vital signs, injuries, and triage status in a prompt and accurate way, and enables first responders to wirelessly communicate vital health information throughout the entire care continuum. The architecture infrastructure for the portable device is called Triage and Casualty Informatics Technology (TACIT) and can expedite triage, transport and treatment procedures within an MCI. TACIT was developed by integrating handheld devices, wireless networks, global positioning system (GPS), digital cameras, and bar code scanners with customized triage software. Two MCI initial field trials verified that the TACIT software, battery life, data accuracy, and wireless transmission met the emergency response system requirements. Initial field trials also demonstrated robustness of operation, reduced triage collection time and improved collection accuracy. The TACIT system could work as an efficient prehospital response tool and platform.
Inkjet printed silver nanowire network as top electrode for semi-transparent organic photovoltaic devices (2015)

A method for direct inkjet printing of silver nanowire (Ag NW) to form transparent conductive network as the top electrode for inverted semi-transparent organic photovoltaic devices (OPV) was developed. The highest power conversion efficiency of the poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61–butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM) based OPV was achieved to be 2.71% when the top electrode was formed by 7 times of printing. In general, devices with printed Ag NW top electrode had similar open-circuit voltage (VOC, around 0.60 V) but lower fill factor (FF, 0.33–0.54) than that of device with thermally deposited Ag opaque electrode (reference device). Both FF and short-circuit current density (JSC), however, were found to be increasing with the increase of printing times (3, 5, and 7), which could be partially attributed to the improved conductivity of Ag NW network electrodes. The solvent effect on device performances was studied carefully by comparing the current density-voltage (J-V) curves of different devices. The results revealed that solvent treatment on the anode buffer layer during printing led to a decrease of charge injection selectivity and an increase of charge recombination at the anode interface, which was considered to be the reason for the degrading of device performance.
Function of second cladding layer in hollow core tube lattice fibers (2017)

Modes attenuation of the tube lattice fiber (TLF) is characterized by D/λ, where D is the core diameter and λ is the wavelength. Hence, the TLF is structured with a large core to ensure a low attenuation loss. A small core, on the other hand, facilitates the gas-filled TLF applications, but at the expense of the increased mode attenuation. We show that adding a second cladding layer to the conventional one layer TLF (1TLF) can resolve the contradicting requirements. The mode attenuation of TLF with two cladding layers (2TLF) is less influenced by the D/λ value as compared to 1TLF, thus realizing a low loss small core TLF. Furthermore, we found that adding the second layer brings another advantage to a bending performance. With a determined core size, D, a 1TLF with smaller capillary hole size, d, experiences less bending loss. However, the reduced d increases the confinement loss that counteracts the bending loss improvement. This confliction is substantially alleviated in 2TLF thanks to the second cladding layer. Theoretical investigations and experimental demonstrations are presented to evidence the important role of the second cladding ring in the TLF, which has been overlooked in prior studies.
Catecholamine toxicity: a proposal for the molecular pathogenesis of manganese neurotoxicity and Parkinson's disease. (1984)

An hypothesis is presented which attempts to relate the pathogenesis of both manganese neurotoxicity and Parkinson's disease to cytotoxicity from products of catecholamine oxidation. These include the products resulting from the partial reduction of oxygen (superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide) and the semiquinones and ortho quinones produced during autoxidation or oxidation of catecholamines initiated by trivalent manganese.
Fit a Spread Estimator in Small Memory (2009)

The spread of a source host is the number of distinct destinations that it has sent packets to during a measurement period. A spread estimator is a software/hardware module on a router that inspects the arrival packets and estimates the spread of each source. It has important applications in detecting port scans and DDoS attacks, measuring the infection rate of a worm, assisting resource allocation in a server farm, determining popular Web contents for caching, to name a few. The main technical challenge is to fit a spread estimator in a fast but small memory (such as SRAM) in order to operate it at the line speed in a high-speed network. In this paper, we design a new spread estimator that delivers good performance in tight memory space where all existing estimators no longer work. The new estimator not only achieves space compactness but operates more efficiently than the existing ones. Its accuracy and efficiency come from a new method for data storage, called virtual vectors, which allow us to measure and remove the errors in spread estimation. We perform experiments on real Internet traces to verify the effectiveness of the new estimator.