gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent directing immediate fluorination of aromatic ketones using 1-fluoro-4-hydroxy-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) (2000)

Reactions of aryl alkyl ketones with 1-fluoro-4-hydroxy-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) (AccufluorTM NFTh) in methanol result in selective and almost quantitative formation of the corresponding α-fluoroketones, while in acetonitrile exclusive fluorofunctionalisation of the activated aromatic ring take place.
In vivo association between positive coronary artery remodelling and coronary plaque characteristics assessed by intravascular optical coherence tomography (2008)

Coronary plaques with positive remodelling exhibit characteristic features of vulnerable plaque. This may explain the link between positive remodelling and unstable clinical presentations.
Synergy and Masking in Odor Mixtures: An Electrophysiological Study of Orthonasal vs. Retronasal Perception (2008)

Perceptual interactions in a model of wine woody-fruity binary mixtures were previously reported in a psychophysical study performed through orthonasal stimulation only. However, recent studies suggested that the perception of food-like and nonfood-like odors may depend on the route of stimulation. The aim of the present study was two-fold: first to examine the neural correlates of perceptual interactions using electroencephalogram (EEG)-derived event-related potentials (ERPs) and second to test the influence of the stimulation route on quality perception. Therefore, we designed an experiment with 30 subjects to study perceptual interactions in woody-fruity mixtures and compared ortho- vs. retronasal stimulation sites on perceived odor quality and ERPs. The results revealed synergy or masking of the fruity component, depending on the woody component level. Synergy was supported by larger N1 amplitude of the ERP. Furthermore, mixtures including a medium level of the woody odor elicited a strong increase of P2 amplitude only retronasally. This study evidenced for the first time electrophysiological correlates of both perceptual synergy and masking on the early component of the ERPs and confirmed that retro- vs. orthonasal stimulation route induces different neural processes that are reflected in the late component of the ERP.
Sequence variations in the envelope protein of the hepatitis C virus: comparison with partial cDNA sequence of a new variant virus obtained by the polymerase chain reaction. (1991)

It has been reported that the envelope region located at the 3' portion of the structural protein coding region is one of the most variable regions at both nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. We cloned HCV cDNA fragments of an envelope protein coding region (HCVNK), which were derived from serum of a Japanese patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. After determining the nucleotide sequence, deduced amino acid sequence of the envelope protein region was compared with those of six HCV strains already published (HCJ1, HCVUS, HCJ4, HCVJH, HCVJ and HCVBK). Homology analysis among the strains revealed that the seven strains were classified into two subtypes; a US subtype (HCJ1 and HCVUS) and a Japanese subtype (HCJ4, HCVJH, HCVJ, HCVBK and HCVNK), since percentage homologies between two subtypes (70.3-77.3%) were significantly lower than those within each subtype (83.9-93.5%). Detailed analysis of the amino acid sequences also indicates that the region at aa246-aa258, tentatively named intersubtype variable region-1, may distinguish the US subtype from the Japanese subtype.
Heat pipe cooling for scramjet engines (1986)

Liquid metal heat pipe cooling systems have been investigated for the combustor liner and engine inlet leading edges of scramjet engines for a missile application. The combustor liner is cooled by a lithium-TZM molybdenum annular heat pipe, which incorporates a separate lithium reservoir. Heat is initially absorbed by the sensible thermal capacity of the heat pipe and liner, and subsequently by the vaporization and discharge of lithium to the atmosphere. The combustor liner temperature is maintained at 3400 F or less during steady-state cruise. The engine inlet leading edge is fabricated as a sodium-superalloy heat pipe. Cooling is accomplished by radiation of heat from the aft surface of the leading edge to the atmosphere. The leading edge temperature is limited to 1700 F or less. It is concluded that heat pipe cooling is a viable method for limiting scramjet combustor liner and engine inlet temperatures to levels at which structural integrity is greatly enhanced.
Resistivity Study of P-, B-, and BF<sub>2</sub>-Implanted Polycrystalline Si<sub>1-x</sub>Ge<sub>x</sub> Films with Subsequent Annealing (1994)

Thin polycrystalline Si 1- x Ge x films with low resistivities have been achieved by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) with subsequent ion implantation and thermal annealing. The sheet resistance decreased drastically as the Ge content increased to 36 atomic percent. Even at a moderate dose of 1.5×10 15 /cm 2 , a resistivity of 8.3×10 -4 Ω·cm was obtained for B + -doped samples and 3.8×10 -4 Ω·cm for P + -doped samples. Furthermore, stability of the resistivity values after sintering was confirmed. Poly-Si 1- x Ge x can be used for new applications in Si LSIs such as fine-patterned MOS gates or germanosilicide interconnects.
High-speed InGaAsP/InP selective proton bombardedburied crescent lasers with optical field attenuation regions (1998)

A new structure of high-speed InGaAsP/InP selective proton bombarded buried crescent (SPB-BC) laser with optical field attenuation regions is reported. Optical field attenuation regions obstruct the growth and propagation of defects. The lifetime is ~8.5 × 105 h. The 3 dB bandwidth is in excess of 11.0 GHz, with a low parasitic capacitance (2.5 pF) for the 250 µm long cavity.
Conformationally Restricted Peptide Mimetics: The Incorporation of 6,5-Bicyclic Lactam Ring Skeletons into Peptides (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformationally Restricted Peptide Mimetics: The Incorporation of 6,5-Bicyclic Lactam Ring Skeletons into PeptidesWenhao Li, Cathleen E. Hanau, Andre dAvignon, and Kevin D. MoellerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 25, 8155–8170Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00130a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00130a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views396Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (4)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Universal Equivalent Circuit Model for Ceramic Capacitors (2010)

A physics-based equivalent circuit model of the ceramic capacitor is proposed, which can reproduce frequency characteristics of its impedance including the often observed yet hitherto physically unexplained kinks appearing above the primary series resonance frequency. The model can also account for parasitic effects of external inductances. In order to efficiently analyze and gain engineering insight into ceramic capacitors with a large number of metallic laminae, a two-dimensional method of moments is developed that treats the laminar structure as a uniform, effective medium. It turns out that the primary resonance and the kinks can be well understood and modeled by a lossy transmission line stub with a drastic wavelength reduction. The capacitor model is completed by adding components describing the skin effect and external inductances. The modeled impedance stays within a 4% margin of error up to 5GHz. The proposed model could greatly improve the accuracy of power distribution network simulation.
High Rate Performance, Wide Temperature Operation and Long Cyclability of All-Solid-State Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Using Mo-S Chevrel-Phase Compound (2013)

The electrochemical performance of all-solid-state cells using Mo-S Chevrel-phase compound in the wide operating temperature range from −30°C to 160°C was investigated. The cells showed the capacity of about 200 mAh g−1, which is higher than the theoretical capacity of CuxMo6S8-y active material at temperatures over 100°C. TEM observation of the electrodes after cycle tests at high temperature indicated that Cu diffused from the active material into the Li2S-P2S5 solid electrolytes and this would be mainly responsible for the excess capacity and a poor cyclability at the high temperatures. The use of Mo6S8-y active materials prepared by removing Cu from CuxMo6S8-y chemically, improved cycle performance of the cells at the high temperatures. The addition of acetylene black (AB) in CuxMo6S8-y electrodes is effective in suppressing the diffusion of Cu into the solid electrolytes, and thus the cells using the composite electrode with CuxMo6S8-y, Li2S-P2S5 electrolytes and AB maintained the reversible capacity of about 190 mAh g−1 at 60 C rate at 160°C for 100 cycles. Mo-S Chevrel-phase compound is promising for the electrode materials in all-solid-state cells with the outstanding electrochemical performance at wide operating temperatures.
HadoopCL2: Motivating the Design of a Distributed, Heterogeneous Programming System With Machine-Learning Applications (2015)

Machine learning (ML) algorithms have garnered increased interest as they demonstrate improved ability to extract meaningful trends from large, diverse, and noisy data sets. While research is advancing the state-of-the-art in ML algorithms, it is difficult to drastically improve the real-world performance of these algorithms. Porting new and existing algorithms from single-node systems to multi-node clusters, or from architecturally homogeneous systems to heterogeneous systems, is a promising optimization technique. However, performing optimized ports is challenging for domain experts who may lack experience in distributed and heterogeneous software development. This work explores how challenges in ML application development on heterogeneous, distributed systems shaped the development of the HadoopCL2 (HCL2) programming system. ML applications guide this work because they exhibit features that make application development difficult: large & diverse datasets, complex algorithms, and the need for domain-specific knowledge. The goal of this work is a general, MapReduce programming system that outperforms existing programming systems. This work evaluates the performance and portability of HCL2 against five ML applications from the Mahout ML framework on two hardware platforms. HCL2 demonstrates speedups of greater than 20x relative to Mahout for three computationally heavy algorithms and maintains minor performance improvements for two I/O bound algorithms.
Interaction of Densely Polymer-Coated Gold Nanoparticles with Epithelial Caco-2 Monolayers (2011)

We synthesized a library of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with well-defined sizes (5, 10, and 20 nm) and surface properties, and investigated their efficiency to cross the Caco-2 epithelial barrier and disrupt tight junctions connecting the cellular barrier. The positively charged and hydrophobic polymer-coated AuNPs showed little or no translocation across the model Caco-2 monolayer. Most of these positive and hydrophobic nanoparticles were either bound to the surface or internalized within the cell. The neutral and negatively charged polymer-coated AuNPs with a size of 5 nm showed a significantly higher translocation. All polymer-coated AuNPs induced the translocation of small molecules across the cellular monolayer, suggesting the loosening of the paracellular tight junction joining individual cells. The decrease in the TEER values of the monolayers supported the opening of the tight junctions. These tight junctions fully recovered for most polymer-coated AuNPs 12 h after removal of the nanoparticles. The exception was the cationic polymer-coated AuNPs in which the barrier function only recovered up to 62%. The library of polymer-coated AuNPs showed no apparent signs of hemolysis to erythrocytes at physiological pH. Our investigation has provided insight on the influence of polymer coatings on the epithelial barrier.
Iterative decoding with erasures in a concatenated system with diversity (2002)

We study error correcting which are constructed by using permutation and in conjunction with concatenation. These include concatenated codes, product codes and turbo codes as special cases. We then extend our approach to a continuous channel, by adopting AZD (ambiguity zone detection) at the receiver, which introduces generalized erasures. Iterative decoding can significantly improve the performance of a coded system that contains a channel with memory (e.g., spectral shaping, ISI, multipath delay), modulation with memory (e.g., trellis coded modulation, continuous phase modulation) and/or diversity. Moreover, it is implementable with low decoding complexity and requires a small decoding delay. Using this framework, we propose two architectures for iterative receivers in an existing wireless packet transmission system. These receivers are fully backward compatible with the existing transmitter, have low decoding complexity and delay, and offer a decoding improvement of several dBs.
High-Speed and Low-Voltage-Driven Shift Register With Self-Aligned Coplanar a-IGZO TFTs (2012)

We report a high-speed and low-voltage-driven shift register utilizing self-aligned coplanar amorphous-indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (a -IGZO TFTs). The a-IGZO TFTs exhibit field-effect mobility, threshold voltage, and gate-voltage swing of 24.7 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s, 0.2 V, and 118 mV/dec, respectively. The rise and fall times of the shift register at the supply voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> ) of 1 V are 8 and 7 μs, respectively, and the output pulse is free from distortion or ripple. For a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> of 15 V, the clock frequency of the shift register approaches 500 kHz, making it applicable to high-resolution active-matrix displays.
Proposed Morphologic Classification of Prostate Cancer With Neuroendocrine Differentiation (2014)

On July 31, 2013, the Prostate Cancer Foundation assembled a working committee on the molecular biology and pathologic classification of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer. New clinical and molecular data emerging from prostate cancers treated by contemporary androgen deprivation therapies, as well as primary lesions, have highlighted the need for refinement of diagnostic terminology to encompass the full spectrum of NE differentiation. The classification system consists of: Usual prostate adenocarcinoma with NE differentiation; 2) Adenocarcinoma with Paneth cell NE differentiation; 3) Carcinoid tumor; 4) Small cell carcinoma; 5) Large cell NE carcinoma; and 5) Mixed NE carcinoma - acinar adenocarcinoma. The article also highlights "prostate carcinoma with overlapping features of small cell carcinoma and acinar adenocarcinoma" and "castrate-resistant prostate cancer with small cell cancer-like clinical presentation". It is envisioned that specific criteria associated with the refined diagnostic terminology will lead to clinically relevant pathologic diagnoses that will stimulate further clinical and molecular investigation and identification of appropriate targeted therapies.
Iron Pyrite Thin Films Synthesized from an Fe(acac)<sub>3</sub>Ink (2013)

Iron pyrite (cubic FeS2) is a promising candidate absorber material for earth-abundant thin-film solar cells. Here, we report on phase-pure, large-grain, and uniform polycrystalline pyrite films that are fabricated by solution-phase deposition of an iron(III) acetylacetonate molecular ink followed by sequential annealing in air, H2S, and sulfur gas at temperatures up to 550 °C. Phase and elemental compositions of the films are characterized by conventional and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These solution-deposited films have more oxygen and alkalis, less carbon and hydrogen, and smaller optical band gaps (E(g) = 0.87 ± 0.05 eV) than similar films made by chemical vapor deposition. XPS is used to assess the chemical composition of the film surface before and after exposure to air and immersion in water to remove surface contaminants. Optical measurements of films rich in marcasite (orthorhombic FeS2) show that marcasite has a band gap at least as large as pyrite and that the two polymorphs share similar absorptivity spectra, in excellent agreement with density functional theory models. Regardless of the marcasite and elemental impurity contents, all films show p-type, weakly activated transport with curved Arrhenius plots, a room-temperature resistivity of ~1 Ω cm, and a hole mobility that is too small to measure by Hall effect. This universal electrical behavior strongly suggests that a common defect or a hole-rich surface layer governs the electrical properties of most FeS2 thin films.
A Sensitive Colorimetric and Fluorescent Probe Based on a Polythiophene Derivative for the Detection of ATP (2005)

From amber to red: The water-soluble polythiophene derivative 1 forms a supramolecular complex with ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through electrostatic and hydrophobic cooperative interactions which results in a color change of the aqueous solution from yellow to pink-red (see photo; AMP/ADP=adenosine mono-/diphosphate). Besides naked-eye detection of ATP, the detection limit may be extended to 10−8 M by using fluorometry. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z501823_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Multiagent Smart Grid Automation Architecture Based on IEC 61850/61499 Intelligent Logical Nodes (2011)

Universal, intelligent, and multifunctional devices controlling power distribution and measurement will become the enabling technology of the Smart Grid ICT. In this paper, we report on a novel automation architecture which supports distributed multiagent intelligence, interoperability, and configurability and enables efficient simulation of distributed automation systems. The solution is based on the combination of IEC 61850 object-based modeling and interoperable communication with IEC 61499 function block executable specification. Using the developed simulation environment, we demonstrate the possibility of multiagent control to achieve self-healing grid through collaborative fault location and power restoration.
The Association between Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Blood Pressure: Two Aspects of Hypertension and Hypotension (2015)

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Although the mechanism of the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is not fully understood, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered the most important risk factor. Several vascular factors have also been identified as risk factors and can lead to hypoperfusion of the optic nerve head and thus may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of POAG. The results of the present study suggest that both high and low blood pressure (BP) are associated with an increased risk of POAG based on a comprehensive literature review. Elevated BP is associated with elevated IOP, leading to increased risk of glaucoma, but excessive BP lowering in glaucoma patients may cause a drop in ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) and subsequent ischemic injury. The relationship between IOP, OPP, and BP suggests that the relationship between BP and glaucoma progression is U-shaped.
Epitaxial growth of cubic and hexagonal GaN on GaAs by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy (1991)

GaN epilayers were grown on GaAs substrates by gas-source molecular-beam-epitaxy technique using dimethylhydrazine as a nitrogen source. It was found that cubic GaN grows on GaAs (001) surfaces epitaxially, while hexagonal GaN grows on GaAs (111) surfaces, from the analyses of x-ray diffraction and reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns. Cathodoluminescence measurements suggested that the band-gap energy of cubic GaN is around 0.37 eV larger than that of hexagonal GaN.
Essential fatty acids for premenstrual syndrome and their effect on prolactin and total cholesterol levels: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study (2011)

The difference between the groups using the medication and the placebo group with respect to the improvement in symptomatology appears to indicate the effectiveness of the drug. Improvement in symptoms was higher when the 2-gram dose was used. This medication was not associated with any changes in prolactin or total cholesterol levels in these women.
Rule-based delegation for prototypes (1989)

Arguments have been given recently for providing the functionality of prototypes in object-oriented languages. Prototypes allow more flexible sharing of code and data by delegating messages to parent objects without the rigid structure of a class hierarchy. Prototypes can implement classes, and delegation can be used to model both single and multiple inheritance. However, one drawback with delegation is the difficulty in enforcing the semantics that delegation is used to model. This paper proposes a novel mechanism to control the delegation of messages with rules. In this system, the delegation of messages is governed by a set of rules possessed by each object. Rules can be used to implement classical single inheritance and can implement various solutions to multiple inheritance. In addition, rules can be created dynamically to model application-specific semantics. This paper describes how rule-based delegation works and illustrates various rules for rule-based delegation that have been implemented.