gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rheological study of a thermoreversible morphine gel (1991)

The rheological behavior of a poloxamer 20% thermoreversible gel with morphine or without was studied. Its behavior was newtonian below the transition temperature and became non newtonian above this temperature. The non newtonian part was best fitted with the Herschel-Bulkley equation in comparison with the Casson equation. The sol-gel transition was associated with a drastic increment of the apparent viscosity and a brutal modification of the Herschel-Bulkley equation parameters. Likewise, the oscillatory parameters (the lag phase, the storage modulus and the loss modulus) revealed the great influence of the temperature on the viscoelastic properties of the sample. Different rheological methods have been described in order to determine the transition temperature usable for the control of preparations. The temperature interval corresponding to the sol-gel transition ranged between 22-25°C for the solution with morphine and between 23-26°C for the solution without. Thereby, the addition of morphine acetate did not induce the loss of thermoreversible properties and this preparation could be used as a controlled release system.
Kosmix: Exploring the Deep Web using Taxonomies and Categorization. (2009)

We introduce topic exploration, a new approach to information discovery on the web that differs significantly from conventional web search. We then explain why the Deep Web, an inhospitable region for web crawlers, is emerging as a significant information resource. Finally, we describe the anatomy of Kosmix, the first general-purpose topic exploration engine to harness the Deep Web. The Kosmix approach to the Deep Web leverages a huge taxonomy of millions of topics and their relationships, and differs significantly from that adopted by web search engines such as Google. 1
Diagnosing <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>-associated necrotic enteritis in broiler flocks by an immunoglobulin G anti-alpha-toxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (2003)

The tools available for monitoring necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens have been limited, particularly for identifying subclinical disease. In this study, a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify levels of specific immunoglobulin G to C. perfringens alpha-toxin in serum from broilers. We found significantly higher antibody levels in broilers with a history of subclinical necrotic enteritis compared with a zinc-bacitracin-treated group with a low level of gut lesions. Furthermore, in 4.5-week-old commercial broiler flocks, there was an association between the occurrence of C. perfringens-associated hepatitis at slaughter and the immune response to alpha-toxin. Practical solutions for defining cut-off levels for positive serum samples at individual and flock levels are proposed, and were found to be useful on a set of samples available from flocks with different histories regarding the occurrence of C. perfringens-associated disease. This serological approach seems promising as a diagnostic tool in research and disease monitoring regarding C. perfringens-associated disease.
Neuropsychological results and neuropathological findings at autopsy in a case of mild traumatic brain injury (2004)

Autopsy studies were undertaken in a 47-year-old college-educated male patient who, 7 months prior to an unexpected death, had sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) as manifested by brief loss of consciousness and an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14. The patient died from cardiac arrest secondary to an undiagnosed and unknown arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease as assessed by the coroners office at the time of autopsy. Gross inspection of the brain at autopsy was normal; however, microscopic analysis demonstrated what were considered trauma findings of hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the perivascular space and macrophages in the white matter, particularly the section taken from the frontal lobe. The patient had partially returned to work at the time of death, but had encountered problems with diminished cognitive performance in his work as an appraiser. Neuropsychological studies were generally within normal limits although several tests of either speed of processing or short-term memory showed lower than expected performance. This case demonstrates the presence of subtle neuropathological changes in the brain of a patient who sustained a mild TBI and was still symptomatic for the residual effects of the injury 7 months post injury when he unexpectedly died.
Identifying Sources of Fecal Pollution in the Appomattox River Watershed (2004)

Sources of E. coli were determined from impaired waterways in the Appomattox River watershed (in the lower Piedmont and South-Central Virginia) for the development of bacterial Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). The Appomattox River watershed is primarily undeveloped with 70.8% of the land forested, 17.0% used for agriculture (mainly livestock production), and 7.7% classified as water, wetland or barren land. The remaining 4.5% is developed for residential, commercial, and industrial land uses (mainly within the city of Petersburg).\nUsing Antibiotic Resistance Analysis, a known source library of 1,280 E. coli isolates (320 isolates per source) was constructed. Water samples were collected monthly for between eleven and fourteen months (11/02-12/03) from 40 locations throughout the Appomattox watershed and analyzed for fecal coliforms, E. coli, and resistance to 7 antibiotics of varying concentrations. A total of 486 water samples (9,907 isolates) were analyzed during the study. The objectives of this study were verify that each sampling site exceeded state bacterial count standards (using fecal coliform data), to compare the Discriminate Analysis and Logistic Regression statistical models for use in the classification of isolates, and finally to determine the source of contamination at each site. \nThe fecal coliform and E.coli data was used to determine if each site exceeded state standards during the assessment period. Thirty-eight of the sites exceeded the fecal coliform standard at least 10% of the time, and thirty-three exceeded the E.coli standard at least 10% of the time.\nDiscriminate Analysis (DA) is typically used to classify isolates, but the results obtained from the DA model were unrealistic based on the watershed land uses. By statistically analyzing the original 1,280 E.coli isolates six different ways, a more appropriate classification of isolates was determined. The six analyzing methods were Regular DA and Logistic Regression (LR); DA and LR where each isolate whose probability fell below 80% was deleted; DA and LR where each isolate whose probability fell below 80% was used to create an Unknown category. The Logistic Regression model with an Unknown category proved to be the most appropriate. By using the Logistic Regression model, with Unknown category, to classify isolates, twenty five of the forty sites were discovered to be contaminated predominately with Livestock and fourteen of the sites predominately by Wildlife. One site was equally divided between these two categories. Human and Pet contamination were not dominant at any of the forty sites. \nThis comparison of the DA and LR statistical methods could change the analysis standard for Bacterial Source Tracking and suggests that the model required to classify isolates depends on the watershed characteristics.
Microwave and Ferrite (1998)

Several topics of the application of ferrite in microwave are introduced. The lumped element circulator with the multilayer ceramic technology was made, and the increasment of the bandwidth ratio in 29% was achieved. For the purpose to realize the absorbing material with ferrite, the ferrite grains were scattered in nonmagnetic materials. The complex relative permeabilities of 3 ∼ 5 at 1 ∼ 2GHz were obtained and they were confirmed by the approximate formula. Ferrite are sometimes used for the microwave variable attenuator by loading it in a stripline with the proper air gap. The amount of changeable attenuation was 20dB with keeping 20dB return loss. The nonlinear effect of MSSW can be used for the threshold extension of the satellite reception.
Miscibility of the poly(hydroxy ether) of bisphenol A with water-soluble polyethers (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMiscibility of the poly(hydroxy ether) of bisphenol A with water-soluble polyethersL. M. Robeson, W. F. Hale, and C. N. MerriamCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 6, 1644–1650Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50007a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50007a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Part II: Proposals to Independently Engineer Donor and Acceptor Trap Concentrations in GaN Buffer for Ultrahigh Breakdown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2018)

In part I of this paper, we developed physical insights into the role and impact of acceptor and donor traps-resulting from C-doping in GaN buffer-on avalanche breakdown in AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices. It was found that the donor traps are mandatory to explain the breakdown voltage improvement. In this paper, silicon doping is proposed and explored as an alternative to independently engineer donor trap concentration and profile. Keeping in mind the acceptor and donor trap relative concentration requirement for achieving higher breakdown buffer, as depicted in part I of this paper, silicon & carbon codoping of GaN buffer is proposed and explored in this paper. The proposed improvement in breakdown voltage is supported by physical insight into the avalanche phenomena and role of acceptor/donor traps. GaN buffer design parameters and their impact on breakdown voltage as well as leakage current are presented. Finally, a modified Si-doping profile in the GaN buffer is proposed to lower the C-doping concentration near GaN channel to mitigate the adverse effects of acceptor traps in GaN buffer.
27 Microbial Pathogenesis of Arabidopsis (1994)

A PRIMER ON PLANT PATHOGENESIS In common with all other terrestrial angiosperms, Arabidopsis provides ecological niches for an array of microorganisms. They may inhabit the aerial parts of the plant or be confined to the roots; they may live within the plant or on its outer surfaces; and they may have detrimental, beneficial, or neutral effects. In this chapter we consider the relationships between Arabidopsis and its pathogens; that is, microorganisms causing overt symptoms of disease. Plant pathogens are in no sense a biologically homogeneous assemblage of organisms, and their diversity is well illustrated by the fungi and bacteria, listed in Tables 1 and 2, respectively, capable of parasitic growth on Arabidopsis. Despite this biological diversity, there is well-founded optimism that studies of Arabidopsis as a host to a variety of pathogens will facilitate a deeper understanding of common processes in microbial pathogenesis of plants. Modes of Parasitism Microbial plant parasites obtain their nutrients either “biotrophically” from living cells or “necrotrophically” from cells which they have killed (Lewis 1973). Examples of the former include fungi, such as powdery and downy mildews, and mollicutes, such as mycoplasma-like organisms which are obligately biotrophic and have not thus far been cultured on any synthetic medium. These obligate biotrophs invade and extensively colonize susceptible plants in such a way that host cells either remain alive or die only after the pathogen has grown on to exploit other living cells. Many of the most destructive plant pathogenic fungi (e.g., Botrytis spp. and Pythium spp.) and...
Activity of antibiotics against Fusarium and Aspergillus (2008)

The susceptibility of Fusarium to tobramycin, moxifloxacin, chloramphenicol and BAK and of Aspergillus to chloramphenicol and BAK may explain anecdotal reports of fungal ulcers that improved with antibiotic treatment alone. While some of the MICs of antibiotics and BAK are lower than the typically prescribed concentrations, they are not in the range of antifungal agents such as voriconazole, natamycin and amphotericin B. Antibiotics may, however, have a modest effect on Fusarium and Aspergillus when used as initial treatment prior to identification of the pathological organism.
UHF deployable antenna structures for CubeSats (2014)

Summary form only given. Antenna design for small satellites such as CubeSats constitute a challenge for designers especially at UHF frequencies. The small size of the CubeSat (10 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm) imposes several constraints on the antenna design. Extreme packaging ratios and advanced deployment mechanisms have to be employed to cater for UHF antennas on a CubeSat platform. Many types of deployable antennas have been used on orbit. Reflector types constitute their widest category. Other deployable structures made with folded hoops or ribs are also used for space communications. Other researchers have resorted to tape springs and neutrally stable material to design their structures. An example of potential CubeSat deployable antenna candidates is a log periodic crossed dipole antenna array. The log periodic crossed dipole antenna array, constructed with a bi-stable composite material, exhibits a directive beam with a wide bandwidth. The characteristics of the bi-stable composite material allow a more efficient antenna deployment mechanism. A log periodic crossed dipole antenna array can extend up to 55 cm for UHF frequency operation with the longest element being around 60 cm. Another potential antenna candidate is the conical log spiral antenna. The conical log spiral antenna typically fed at its apex exhibits a circular polarization with a wide bandwidth. This antenna radiates outwards from the direction of the antenna's apex and thus, it has to deploy in a manner to radiate away from the satellite. A typical conical log spiral antenna's height can extend up to 62 cm with a bottom circular base of radius 23 cm and a top radius of 5 cm. Other configurations of the conical log spiral antenna can also be proposed to satisfy various constraints such as a narrower base or a bigger height. A bottom fed conical log spiral antenna deployed on top of a ground plane is another possible candidate. One of the main benefits of this topology is an easier feeding mechanism after deployment. In this case the antenna still radiates upward and away from the satellite due to the presence of a significant ground plane under its base. Another candidate for deployment on CubeSat is a Quadrifilar Helix antenna. This antenna built with beryllium copper deploys on top of a ground plane that has a square shape with a side of 1.25λ. The antenna is fed by multiple power dividers and phase shifters to allow a progressive 90° phase shift between the four elements constituting the antenna. This antenna achieves a gain around 8 dB at UHF frequencies with a circular polarization performance. The antenna however exhibits a narrower bandwidth than the previously discussed conical log spiral antenna. Finally there are many possible candidates for antenna deployment on CubeSats as long as these candidates satisfy desired constraints. On the other hand, a deployable UHF antenna for CubeSats imposes an additional storage constraint due to size limitation.
Neue Anwendungen für polyfunktionalisierte Organometallverbindungen in der organischen Synthese (2000)

In der zweiten Hälfte dieses Jahrhunderts wurde viel Forschungsarbeit in die Herstellung polarer Organometallreagentien investiert. Die hohe Reaktivität dieser Reagentien schloss die Gegenwart funktioneller Gruppen aus, und gute Chemo- und Stereoselektivitäten waren oft nur durch Transmetallierung zu erreichen. Die Synthese immer komplexerer Zielverbindungen und der Wunsch, ohne umständliche Schutzgruppenstrategien auszukommen, führten dazu, funktionalisierte Organometallreagentien in Retroynthesen zu verwenden. In den letzten 15 Jahren wurde die Herstellung organischer Derivate zahlreicher Metalle und Halbmetalle wie Li, Mg, B, Zn und Sn untersucht. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die wichtigsten Herstellungsmethoden und Anwendungen metallorganischer Reagentien in der organischen Synthese zusammen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf Organozinkverbindungen liegt.
NetKernel: Making Network Stack Part of the Virtualized Infrastructure (2021)

This paper presents a system called NetKernel that decouples the network stack from the guest virtual machine and offers it as an independent module. NetKernel represents a new paradigm where network stack can be managed as part of the virtualized infrastructure. It provides important efficiency benefits: By gaining control and visibility of the network stack, operators can perform network management more directly and flexibly, such as multiplexing VMs running different applications to the same network stack module to save CPU cores, and enforcing fair bandwidth sharing. Users also benefit from the simplified stack deployment and better performance: For example mTCP can be deployed without API change to support nginx natively, and shared memory networking can be readily enabled to improve performance of colocated VMs. Testbed evaluation using 100G NICs shows that NetKernel preserves the performance and scalability of both kernel and userspace network stacks, and provides the same isolation as the current architecture.
Fabrication and characterization of silicon nitride nanopores (2009)

The fabrication of synthetic nanopores with dimensional and electrical properties similar to organic alpha-hemolysin (α-HL) nanopores is required for the development of a novel genotyping device. This thesis details the development of synthetic nanopores with diameters below 5 nm fabricated by sputtering a free standing silicon nitride membrane using a tightly focused electron beam. Nanometer control is achieved with sputtering rates of 0.5 – 0.75 nm/s. This technique is further extended to fabricate a proof-of-concept array of 44 sub-5 nm nanopores in a single membrane to enable the detection of unamplified genomic DNA with acceptable signal-to-noise. As-drilled inorganic nanopores have inferior electrical characteristics compared to α-HL. Careful study, however, revealed electrical noise sources that could be effectively reduced by chemical pretreatment of the pores and surface coating with poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS). The chemical pretreatment targeted 1/f noise, while the PDMS reduced dielectric noise with an overall reduction in RMS current noise by a factor of 10. This resulted in processed nanopores with extremely favorable noise characteristics. These low noise silicon nitride nanopores were used to demonstrate single-molecule DNA translocation and probe capture with exceptional signal-to-noise ratios ranging from 40 – 150.
Autonomous Soaring for Improved Endurance of a Small Uninhabitated Air Vehicle (2005)

A relatively unexplored method to improve the endurance of an autonomous aircraft is to use buoyant plumes of air found in the lower atmosphere called thermals or updrafts. Glider pilots and birds commonly use updrafts to improve range, endurance, or cross-country speed. This report presents a quantitative analysis of a small electric-powered uninhabited air vehicle using updrafts to extend its endurance over a target location. A three-degree-of-freedom simulation of the uninhabited air vehicle was used to determine the yearly effect of updrafts on performance. Surface radiation and rawinsonde balloon measurements taken at Desert Rock, Nevada, were used to determine updraft size, strength, spacing, shape, and maximum height for the simulation. A fixed-width spiral path was used to search for updrafts at the same time as maintaining line-of-sight to the surface target position. Power was used only when the aircraft was flying at the lower-altitude limit in search of updrafts. Results show that an uninhabited air vehicle with a nominal endurance of 2 hours can fly a maximum of 14 hours using updrafts during the summer and a maximum of 8 hours during the winter. The performance benefit and the chance of finding updrafts both depend on what time of day the uninhabited air vehicle is launched. Good endurance and probability of finding updrafts during the year was obtained when the uninhabited air vehicle was launched 30 percent into the daylight hours after sunrise each day. Yearly average endurance was found to be 8.6 hours with these launch times.
Temperature Dependence of Elastic, Dielectric, and Piezoelectric Constants in TeO2 Single Crystals (1970)

All of the elastic stiffness constants except c13 have been found to decrease almost linearly with temperature between −120° and 120°C. The constant c13 reaches the maximum in the vicinity of 0°C, above which it also decreases with temperature. On the other hand, the effective elastic constant (c11–c12)/2, which corresponds to the exceptionally slow shear wave propagating along [110], increases with temperature. The shear wave propagating in the (001) plane making angle of 35.9° with the X axis has zero temperature coefficient of velocity. Acoustic absorptions for several sound modes vary within 1 dB/cm for both the longitudinal wave (measured at 36 MHz) and shear wave (48 MHz) in the measured temperature range. Both real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constants increase monotonically with temperature, while the piezoelectric constant d14 decreases in the temperature range between −150° and 180°C.
Typed compilation of recursive datatypes (2003)

Standard ML employs an opaque (or generative) semantics of datatypes, in which every datatype declaration produces a new type that is different from any other type, including other identically defined datatypes. A natural way of accounting for this is to consider datatypes to be abstract. When this interpretation is applied to type-preserving compilation, however, it has the unfortunate consequence that datatype constructors cannot be inlined, substantially increasing the run-time cost of constructor invocation compared to a traditional compiler. In this paper we examine two approaches to eliminating function call overhead from datatype constructors. First, we consider a transparent interpretation of datatypes that does away with generativity, altering the semantics of SML; and second, we propose an interpretation of datatype constructors as coercions, which have no run-time effect or cost and faithfully implement SML semantics.