gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High frequency of phylogenetically diverse reductive dehalogenase-homologous genes in deep subseafloor sedimentary metagenomes (2014)

Marine subsurface sediments on the Pacific margin harbor diverse microbial communities even at depths of several hundreds meters below the seafloor (mbsf) or more. Previous PCR-based molecular analysis showed the presence of diverse reductive dehalogenase gene (rdhA) homologs in marine subsurface sediment, suggesting that anaerobic respiration of organohalides is one of the possible energy-yielding pathways in the organic-rich sedimentary habitat. However, primer-independent molecular characterization of rdhA has remained to be demonstrated. Here, we studied the diversity and frequency of rdhA homologs by metagenomic analysis of five different depth horizons (0.8, 5.1, 18.6, 48.5, and 107.0 mbsf) at Site C9001 off the Shimokita Peninsula of Japan. From all metagenomic pools, remarkably diverse rdhA-homologous sequences, some of which are affiliated with novel clusters, were observed with high frequency. As a comparison, we also examined frequency of dissimilatory sulfite reductase genes (dsrAB), key functional genes for microbial sulfate reduction. The dsrAB were also widely observed in the metagenomic pools whereas the frequency of dsrAB genes was generally smaller than that of rdhA-homologous genes. The phylogenetic composition of rdhA-homologous genes was similar among the five depth horizons. Our metagenomic data revealed that subseafloor rdhA homologs are more diverse than previously identified from PCR-based molecular studies. Spatial distribution of similar rdhA homologs across wide depositional ages indicates that the heterotrophic metabolic processes mediated by the genes can be ecologically important, functioning in the organic-rich subseafloor sedimentary biosphere.
Discrete multiple tone modulation with coset coding for the spectrally shaped channel (1992)

A discrete approach to multiple tone modulation is developed for digital communication channels with arbitrary intersymbol interference (ISI) and additive Gaussian noise. Multiple tone modulation is achieved through the concatenation of a finite block length modulator based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) code vectors, and high gain coset or trellis codes. Symbol blocks from an inverse DFT (IDFT) are cyclically extended to generate ISI-free channel-output symbols that decompose the channel into a group of orthogonal and independent parallel subchannels. Asymptotic performance of this system is derived, and examples of asymptotic and finite block length coding gain performance for several channels are evaluated at different values of bits per sample. This discrete multiple tone technique is linear in both the modulation and the demodulation, and is free from the effects of error propagation that often afflict systems employing bandwidth-optimized decision feedback plus coset codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cultural influences on Facebook photographs (2012)

Prior research in social psychology indicates that East Asians from collectivistic and interdependent sociocultural systems are more sensitive to contextual information than Westerners, whereas Westerners with individualistic and independent representation have a tendency to process focal and discrete attributes of the environment. Here we have demonstrated that such systematic cultural variations can also be observed in cyberspace, focusing on self-presentation of photographs on Facebook, the most popular worldwide online social network site. We examined cultural differences in face/frame ratios for Facebook profile photographs in two studies. For Study 1, 200 digital profile face photographs of active Facebook users were randomly selected from native and immigrant Taiwanese and Americans. For Study 2, 312 Facebook profiles of undergraduate students of six public universities in East Asia (Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan) and the United States (California and Texas) were randomly selected. Overall, the two studies clearly showed that East Asian Facebook users are more likely to deemphasize their faces compared to Americans. Specifically, East Asians living in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan exhibited a predilection for context inclusiveness in their profile photographs, whereas Americans tended to prioritize their focal face at the expense of the background. Moreover, East Asian Facebook users had lower intensity of facial expression than Americans on their photographs. These results demonstrate marked cultural differences in context-inclusive styles versus object-focused styles between East Asian and American Facebook users. Our findings extend previous findings from the real world to cyberspace, and provide a novel approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform.
Evaluation of the analytical performances of a valve-based droplet direct injection system by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (2015)

We evaluated the analytical performances of a new sample introduction system using a magnetic valve type dispenser, which can generate a large variety of droplet sizes for stable injection of cell suspension.
Myocardial perfusion with rubidium-82. I. Measurement of extraction fraction and flow with external detectors. (1983)

Accurate measurement of the regional extraction of a diffusible radiopharmaceutical is essential for the quantifying of regional blood flow, and may also provide an important physiologic or diagnostic indicator of the cellular viability of an organ in man through external detection by positron emission tomography. However, extraction fraction of a diffusible tracer usually decreases as flow increases, and thus noninvasive methods for measuring flow are nonlinear unless the extraction fraction can be measured independently. This report describes the theoretical basis and documents the applicability of this theory for determining, with external detectors, the first-pass regional extraction fraction of rubidium-82 by the heart, following a single intravenous bolus injection of the tracer. Measurement of extraction fraction was found to be independent of flow, thereby making it possible to determine accurately with a single intravenous bolus injection of rubidium-82, the regional blood flow in the myocardium at up to five times normal resting flow.
Characteristics of frequent pediatric emergency department users (1995)

The purpose of this study was to examine the medical and demographic characteristics of patients who frequently seek emergency care at a pediatric emergency department (ED). Registration information of ED visits during the study period from 11/1/87 to 5/31/92 (4.6 years) was stored in a data base. Patients with 10 or more ED visits during this study period were considered to be "frequent" ED users. Outpatient and inpatient medical records of these patients were manually reviewed. Demographics, chronic conditions, and the acute conditions for each ED visit were coded and analyzed. During the study period, there were 79,049 ED patient visits under 21 years of age. Of the patients born after 1970, there were 47,451 visits by patients seen one or two times, 25,883 visits by patients seen three to nine times, and 5178 visits by 357 patients seen in the ED ten times or more. Ninety-nine patients were seen more than 15 times, 39 patients were seen more than 20 times, 17 patients were seen more than 25 times, and 10 patients were seen more than 30 times. Two hundred sixty-five of the 357 frequent ED users (74%) had chronic disease conditions. Two hundred and twenty-three of them had good functional status, 25 had mild or moderate impairment in carrying out activities of daily living, and 17 had severe impairment of function. The most common chronic medical conditions were recurrent wheezing (226), neurologic conditions (33), gastrointestinal conditions (13), cardiac conditions (12), and endocrine conditions (9). The other 92 were assessed as healthy children. Patients' immunization status were up to date as of the last ED visit during the study period in 329 patients (92%). Pediatricians were the primary care providers in 339 patients (95%). Medical insurance status of patients follows: private insurance (38%), military (0.3%), Medicaid or state assistance (60%), and no insurance (1.4%). Polynesian ethnic groups were over-represented in the cohort of frequent ED users. We conclude that cultural differences appeared to be an important factor associated with frequent ED use by healthy persons. Medical care resources as measured by immunizations, insurance, and identification of a primary care physician did not appear to be deficient in this cohort of frequent ED users. Since recurrent wheezing is a dominant chronic condition among frequent ED users, pediatric emergency medicine training programs may consider the inclusion of the chronic management of wheezing in their curriculum.
Platelet-vessel wall interaction in normal and diabetic rats. Quantification using scanning electron microscopy and in vivo recording of thrombus formation. (1986)

The morphology of the mesenteric arterial wall, and the role of the arachidonate cascade in ADP-induced thromboformation, is studied in two groups of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, in comparison to a group of normal rats.Light microscopy demonstrates the dilated state of the arteries of the diabetic animals, together with the diminished wall thickness in “young diabetics”, and an increased thickness in “old diabetics”, as compared to normal animals. Scanning electron microscopy shows the area of local deendothelialization in the arteries of “young diabetics” to be larger than in both other groups.Combined use of a cyclooxygenase and a prostacyclin synthetase inhibitor, reveals that the decreased PGI2 release from arteries of diabetic animals, can be related to a diminished activity of the prostacyclin synthetase.
The Autonomous Land Vehicle (ALV) Preliminary Road-Following Demonstration (1985)

The ALV project is sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) as part of its Strategic Computing Program and contracted through the Army Engineer Topo-graphic Laboratories (ETL) under contract DACA76-84-C-0005. The purpose of the strategic computing program is to advance the state of the art in artificial intelligence, image understanding, and advanced computer architectures and to demonstrate the applicability of these technologies to advanced military systems.<sup>1</sup>
Transitional Justice versus Substantive Revolution (2014)

The introduction reviews different theories of transitional justice and argues that the South African revolution should not be considered through the spectrum of transitional justice, but should instead be understood as a substantive revolution. This revolution should further be put in the context of the national liberation struggles that have taken place over the last half century in Africa.
Semantic Web 2.0 (2007)

The Web 2.0 phenomena is poised to set the creative tone for software developers for years. It could even become a technology wave--one that the Semantic Web would do well to catch.
Properties at Low Temperatures and Related Advanced Applications of Liquid ~4He (2002)

This article analyzes the phase diagram of 4 He and λ phase transition of liquid 4 He. Discusses the sorts of the phase transition with vavious temperature and pressure. Indicates the fundamental cause about liquid 4 He named after quantum liquid. Introduces basic properties of HeⅠ, such as viscosity coefficent,thermal conductivity, absorption coefficent of sound, and studies with condensed gas model, then to elaborate on the abnormal properties of HeⅡ, Superfluiclity is the most important in all. In addition, introduces also some related adoanced applications, for example, superconductionity, atoms cooled by laser,quantum Hall Effect,etc.
Antisense downregulation of mutant huntingtin in a cell model (2003)

The PS-antisense oligo is effective in downregulation of mutant huntingtin, and the reduction of aggregate formation is a sensitive biological marker. The findings suggest that antisense knockdown of huntingtin could be a useful strategy for treatment of HD, and could also be suitable for studies of the normal and pathological function of huntingtin in different cellular model systems.
Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia (1987)

• Seventy-two adult patients with<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>bacteremia were prospectively studied clinically, serologically, and echocardiographically. Multivariate analysis identified four parameters that significantly predicted endocarditis in staphylococcemic patients at time of initial evaluation: (1) absence of a primary site of infection; (2) community acquisition of infection; (3) metastatic sequelae; and (4) valvular vegetations detected by echocardiography. Echocardiography was most predictive of endocarditis in patients with community-acquired<i>S aureus</i>bacteremia from an obvious primary focus. In 11 (69%) of 16 patients with endocarditis and vegetations on two-dimensional echocardiography, this technique also revealed other important findings, including ventricular dilatation, and/or underlying valvular lesions. In 18% of patients with<i>S aureus</i>bacteremia without stigmata of endocarditis, echocardiography provided information that led to a diagnosis of endocarditis and a subsequent change in therapy. Our findings support the routine use of two-dimensional echocardiography in all cases of community-acquired<i>S aureus</i>bacteremia to identify occult endocarditis in patients without classic stigmata of disease, and to provide important prognostic data in clinically apparent endocarditis. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1987;147:457-462)
Characterization of Immunostimulatory CpG-Rich Sequences from Different<i>Bifidobacterium</i>Species (2010)

The beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium are partly due to its immunostimulatory properties. These immunostimulatory properties may be linked to the presence of unmethylated CpG motifs specific to bacterial DNA, which may induce a TH1 response by activating Toll-like receptors (TLR). Using in silico analyses, PCR amplification, and dot blotting, we characterized the CpG content of various bifidobacterial strains and evaluated the immunostimulatory properties and genomic heterogeneity of these motifs in the genus. Our in silico study, based on entire genome sequences from five bifidobacterial strains, showed that Bifidobacterium genomes contain numerous CpG motifs, including 5'-purine-purine-CG-pyrimidine-pyrimidine-3' and 5'-purine-TCG-pyrimidine-pyrimidine-3' motifs, and biologically active sequences previously identified in lactic acid bacteria. We identified four CpG-rich sequences with Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705. Two sequences with a percent G+C of about 68% included 14 and 16 CpG motifs. Two sequences with a percent G+C of about 60% included 16 and 6 CpG motifs. These sequences induce the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) through a pattern of TLR9 stimulation on RAW 264.7 macrophages. No link could be established between their immunostimulatory properties, the number of CpG motifs, and percent G+C. We investigated inter- and intraspecies heterogeneity in 71 strains of various origins. These sequences were highly conserved in the genus. No link was found between the presence of the CpG-rich sequence and the origin of the strains (healthy, allergic, or preterm infants). The high frequency of CpG motifs in the DNA of Bifidobacterium may play an important role in the immunostimulatory properties of commensal or probiotic bifidobacterial strains.
Surface-Modified Carbons for the Drying of Gas Streams (1982)

Abstract As-received commercial activated carbons do not adsorb noticeable amounts of water vapor at lower relative vapor pressures (r.v.p.). Following surface oxidation with nitric acid, moisture sorption capacity at lower r.v.p. increases 100-fold. Exchange of surface H+ ions of oxidized carbons by metal cations (Li, Na, K, Ca) brings about a further substantial increase in moisture sorption capacity. At lower r.v.p., water uptake on some of the cation exchanged samples is comparable to that on commercial zeolite molecular sieves. Following an adsorption run, moisture sorption capacity of ion-exchanged carbons can be fully restored upon outgassing at 140°C. This is in sharp contrast to the zeolite sieves which need to be heated to above 350°C to be completely regenerated.
Association of CFTR gene polymorphisms with papillary thyroid cancer (2011)

The incidence of thyroid cancer has been on the increase in a number of countries, and certain genetic factors associated with the increased incidence of the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have been identified. However, little is known about the effect of mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, expressed in the thyroid. We hypothesized and investigated that CFTR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with the risk and/or progression of PTC. A total of 105 PTC patients, confirmed by pathological tests, and 323 controls, without any thyroidal disease, were recruited. One promoter SNP (rs4148682) and one coding SNP (rs213950, Val470Met) in the CFTR gene were analyzed, using direct sequencing. The PTC patients were sub-grouped and compared by their clinical and pathological characteristics of PTC. The results showed that the association between SNPs in the CFTR gene and the development of PTC was statistically insignificant. However, in the clinical and pathological features, rs4148682 was found to be correlated with multifocal tumors, location and cervical node metastasis of PTC. rs231950 was also correlated with multifocal tumors, location and nodal metastasis of PTC. The G allele of rs213950 was correlated with increased risk of multifocal tumors and bilateral lobe location. However, in cervical lymph node metastasis, the A allele of rs213950 was found to reflect high risk. Our study suggests that the CFTR gene polymorphisms studied may not be associated with the development of PTC, but that rs4148682 and rs213950 may be associated with clinical features and prognosis, such as multifocality, location of cancer and cervical lymph node metastasis of PTC.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Liquid-Crystalline Block Copolymers with <i>p</i>-Cyanoazobenzene Moieties and Poly(<i>n</i>-butyl acrylate) Segments Using Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization (2004)

Homopolymers with side-chain liquid-crystalline units (LC) were prepared by ATRP of a LC monomer, 2-[2-(4-cyano-azobenzene-4‘-oxy)ethylene-oxy]ethyl methacrylate. The resulting polymers had low polydispersity, Mw/Mn < 1.2. Optical and thermal investigation confirmed that both the monomer and the homopolymers have smectic structures. New di- and triblock copolymers containing LC units, with different ratios of the block containing the LC monomer with azobenzene moiety, and poly(n-butyl acrylate) as a soft segment were successfully prepared using ATRP. The block copolymerization proceeded with controlled/living characteristics. The morphologies of thin films of the block copolymers cast from different solvents were examined by atomic force microscopy using different casting procedures. Whereas the observed morphologies were similar to those observed in conventional block copolymers, particularly strong dependence on sample preparation conditions and thermal history was observed, suggesting the role of mesogenic blocks in stabilization of metastable states.
Biomembrane Templates for Nanoscale Conduits and Networks (1996)

Long nanotubes of fluid-lipid bilayers can be used to create templates for photochemical polymerization into solid-phase conduits and networks. Each nanotube is pulled from a micropipette-held feeder vesicle by mechanical retraction of the vesicle after molecular bonding to a rigid substrate. The caliber of the tube is controlled precisely in a range from 20 to 200 nanometers merely by setting the suction pressure in the micropipette. Branched conduits can be formed by coalescing separate nanotubes drawn serially from the feeder vesicle surface. Single nanotubes and nanotube junctions can be linked together between bonding sites on a surface to create a functionalized network. After assembly, the templates can be stabilized by photoinitiated radical cross-linking of macromonomers contained in the aqueous solution confined by the lipid bilayer boundary.
Switching efficiency improvement in spin torque majority gates (2014)

Spin torque majority gate (STMG) is one of the promising options for beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor logic. Improvement of its performance—switching speed vs. required current—is critical for its competitiveness. In this paper, (a) we identify an optimized layout of the gate comprised of thin magnetic wires with in-plane magnetization; (b) we optimize geometries of perpendicular magnetization spin torque majority gates. Micromagnetic simulations demonstrate an improvement in switching current for in-plane magnetization (with less than 1 ns switching time) from 6 mA in the original scheme to 1.5 mA in the present one. Additionally, failures of switching caused by vortex formation are eliminated and desired output magnetization is achieved. Various geometries of STMG with perpendicular magnetization are explored. The scheme with a straight cross proves to be the most advantageous. It is predicted to operate with the switching current of 50 μA and less than 4 ns switching time.
Purification and Properties of Maltose Phosphorylase from<i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> (1973)

Maltose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.8) from Lactobacillus brevis was purified 29-fold over the crude extract. The final preparation was at least 80% pure and had a specific activity of 18 units/mg protein. The molecular weights of the native enzyme and of the component dissociated in sodium dodecyl sulfate were 150,000 and 80,000, respectively. The enzyme does not contain pyridoxal-5′-phosphate as a cofactor. It can not act on maltitol, malto-triitol, sucrose, lactose and trehalose, and essentially not on isomaltose, maltobionic acid, maltotriose and maltotetraose. Inhibitory effect was observed with CuSO4, HgCl2 and p-chloromercuribenzoate. Some other properties were also examined. A possibility of using this enzyme for the analysis of maltose was proposed.
The endothelial glycocalyx: a potential barrier between health and vascular disease (2005)

Cumulating evidence suggests that an intact glycocalyx protects the vessel wall, whereas disruption of the glycocalyx upon atherogenic stimuli increases vascular vulnerability for atherogenesis.
Continuous Fast Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control of Automotive Electronic Throttle Systems Using Finite-Time Exact Observer (2018)

The control of automobile electronic throttle (AET) systems is a challenging task owing to multiple nonlinearities, i.e., transmission friction, gear backlash, limp-home spring set, and external load disturbance. In this paper, a practical tracking control scheme of an AET system is developed using a continuous fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode (CFNTSM) technique based on uncertainty observer. By using the prescribed CFNTSM surface and fast terminal sliding mode-based reaching element, the proposed control implementation guarantees the fast error convergence characteristic and high tracking accuracy under parameter uncertainties and perturbations. Furthermore, due to the adoption of the finite-time exact observer (FEO) for the lumped uncertainty estimation in the controller, the ease of the selection of the control gains is well-achieved since they only depend on the uncertainty estimation error. The closed-loop stability and finite-time convergence are presented based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Experimental verifications are conducted to validate the remarkable performance of the proposed control, in terms of the step and sinusoidal tracking as well as anti-disturbance ability.