gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-chip receiver IC for 2.4 Gb/s optical communication systems (2002)

One-chip receiver IC fully integrating 3R functions (reshaping, retiming, regenerating) is developed for 2.4 Gb/s optical communication systems. The reshaping is performed by a transimpedance type preamplifier and an AGC amplifier with an offset control circuit. The retiming is accomplished by a PLL to extract clock signal from NRZ data. To reduce the crosstalk effect between the amplifiers and the PLL, the trench isolation and SOI technologies are introduced. The power consumption of the IC is 600 mW at -5.2 V supply.
Theory of an electrically injected bulk polariton laser (2009)

We present the first simulation of an electrically injected polariton laser device based on Bose–Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons in a bulk GaN microcavity. Our simulator self-consistently describes carrier flow, exciton formation and dissociation, and relaxation of exciton polaritons toward the ground state. We find a density-current threshold of about 50 A/cm2 at room temperature, which could be further improved by using polariton lasers based on quantum wells.
Effects of Jasmonic Acid and Ethephon on Tillering to Maturity in Spring Barley (1992)

Spring barley cultivated in Mitcherlich pots under both climatic chamber and field conditions were treated at developmental stage Feekes 2 with a foliar application of jasmonic acid (JA), its methyl ester (JAMe) and ethephon. Tillering was determined at Feekes 5 by counting all emerged tillers. The number of ear-bearing tillers, yield, and shoot length were ascertained at harvest. A combination of either JA or JAMe together with ethephon, applied simultaneously or successively (within 24 h), led to a significant increase in tiller production. However, the additional tillers were not sustained to maturity. Neither JA or JAMe nor ethephon alone were able to cause these effects at Feekes 2. JA seems to increase the sensitivity to ethylene, possibly by influencing the level of other native regulators. The JA/ethephon application at Feekes 2 did not affect the yield and the final shoot length.
Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Using m-ZrO2 Supported NiFe2O4 Particles for Thermochemical Two-Step Water Splitting (2010)

A windowed internally circulating fluidized bed reactor was tested using m-ZrO2-supported NiFe2O4(NiFe2O4/m-ZrO2) particles as redox material for thermochemical two-step water splitting to produce hydrogen from water. The internally circulating fluidized bed of NiFe2O4/m-ZrO2 particles is directly heated by solar-simulated Xe light irradiation through a transparent quartz window mounted on top of the reactor. A sun simulator with three Xe lamps at laboratory scale has been newly installed in our laboratory for testing the fluidized bed reactor. The input power of incident Xe light can be scaled up to 2.6 kWth. Temperature distributions within the fluidized bed are measured under concentrated Xe light irradiation with an input power of 2.6 kWth. Hydrogen productivity and reactivity for the fluidized bed of NiFe2O4/m-ZrO2 particles are examined using two different reactors under the N2 flow rate and flow ratio, which yield a higher bed temperature. The feasibility of successive two-step water splitting using the fluidized bed reactor is examined by switching from N2 gas flow in the thermal reduction step to a steam/N2 gas mixture in the water decomposition step. It is confirmed that hydrogen production takes place in the single fluidized bed reactor by successive two-step water splitting.
Security consolidation and optimisation: Gaining the most from your IT assets (2009)

With the proliferation of security applications designed to combat specific IT breaches, many organisations are finding management of their security systems unnecessarily complicated, time consuming and costly. Desktops are littered with a wide range of applications for everything from anti-virus to encryption. And in today's economic climate, it is more important than ever for businesses to ensure they are gaining the most value out of their current IT assets rather than reactively deploying new services, which are often proven superfluous following an IT assessment. This article explores methods to reduce costs and streamline security deployments through consolidation and optimisation solutions.
Personal communications systems using multiple hierarchical cellular overlays (2002)

A personal communication system with hierarchical cellular overlays is considered. The system can include a terrestrial segment and a space segment. The terrestrial segment, consisting of microcells and macrocells, provides high channel capacity by covering service areas with microcells. Overlaying macrocells provide overflow groups of channels for clusters of microcells. At the highest hierarchical level, satellite beams overlay clusters of terrestrial macrocells and provide primary access for satellite-only subscribers. Call attempts from cellular/satellite dual subscribers are first directed to the terrestrial cellular network, with satellites providing necessary overlay. At each level of the hierarchy, hand-off calls are given priority access to the channels. The mathematical structure is that of a multi-layer hierarchical overflow system. An analytical model for teletraffic performance (including hand-off) is developed. Theoretical performance measures are calculated for users having different mobility characteristics. These show the traffic distribution, blocking, and forced termination probabilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Turbo equalization in an LTE uplink MIMO receiver (2011)

Utilization of maximum likelihood and similar algorithms in the LTE uplink MIMO receiver is not practical due to high complexity. An alternative is the application of turbo equalization which has been proven to enhance the performance of MIMO receivers at a reasonable implementation cost. There has been a lot of research on turbo equalization in general and some work related to the LTE uplink in particular. The turbo equalization principle relates to the cooperative operation of the channel decoder and the channel equalizer in an iterative fashion. Some of the approaches are based on using the turbo decoder output to reconstruct QAM symbols for each of the transmitted data streams. These symbols are in turn used to reduce the interstream interference. After this “interference cancellation” phase the MMSE MIMO equalizer operates on a “cleaner” signal compared to the first pass when there was no feedback from the turbo decoder. This collaboration between the turbo decoder and the MMSE MIMO equalizer may be iterated a few times. This paper provides general foundation for this turbo equalization approach and includes simulation results demonstrating significant performance gain. Tradeoff discussions and guidelines for practical implementation of this scheme on a Texas Instruments TMS320C66x multicore digital signal processor are provided.
Strategies to identify ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (2002)

G-protein-coupled receptors are the most tractable class of protein targets for small molecule drug design. Sequencing of the human genome allied to bio-informatic analysis has identified a large number of putative receptors for which the natural ligands remain undefined. A range of currently employed and developing strategies to identify ligands that interact with these orphan receptors and to validate them as drug targets are described and discussed.
Blind detection of hexagonal QAM in fading channels (2006)

This paper presents performance bounds for block-based detection of hexagonal QAM digital modulation schemes in noncoherent channels. The hexagonal lattice represents the optimum sphere packing in two dimensions and low-complexity near optimal decoding is possible due to its lattice structure. At high SNR, detection errors are primarily due to the received sequence having multiple possible decoded sequences with the same likelihood. For the zero noise case and infinite constellations, the probability of these detection ambiguities is derived in terms of the Dedekind zeta function defined over the Eisenstein integers. We present simulation results showing that the lower bound can be achieved at high SNR.
Multicomponent System of NPS-1034, an Orally Administered Lung Cancer Drug Candidate, with Sulfonic Acids and Solid State Characterization (2013)

NPS-1034 is a drug candidate targeted for the regulation of c-MET/AXL receptor tyrosin kinase activity. NPS-1034 was developed to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity by targeting c-MET/AXL related signaling pathways. However, NPS-1034 is practically insoluble in almost all organic solvents as well as aqueous media (pH 1, 4.5, and 7.5). We attempted to improve the physicochemical properties of NPS-1034 by forming multicomponent systems with a wide variety of sulfonic acids including methanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and camphorsulfonic acid. Solid state characterization of NPS-1034 salts and amorphous with sulfonic acids was conducted, and the crystal structures of four salts and NPS-1034 were compared and investigated. Sulfonic acid salts of NPS-1034 decreased the melting point of NPS-1034 as much as −155.43 °C. Solubilities of NPS-1034 and salts of NPS-1034 were measured to develop lipid-based formulation for the GLP toxicity study. Solvents studied include oleic acid, poly(ethylene glycol) 400, and ethanol. Solubility of amorphous of NPS-1034 with camphorsulfonic acid showed a significant increase in all three solvents. This work will give some insight into how various types of sulfonic acids interact with pharmaceutically important compounds containing the pyrrolepyridine moiety.
Non-line-of-sight Error Mitigation in Wireless Communication Systems (2011)

The need for determining the position of a mobile station (MS) is increasing rapidly in wireless communications systems. When there is non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path between the MS and base stations (BSs), it is possible to integrate many kinds of measurements to achieve more accurate measurements of the MS location. This paper proposed hybrid methods that utilize time of arrival (TOA) at five BSs and angle of arrival (AOA) information at the serving BS to determine the MS location in NLOS environments. The methods mitigate the NLOS effect simply by the weighted sum of the intersections between five TOA circles and the AOA line without requiring priori knowledge of NLOS error statistics. Simulation results show that the proposed methods always give superior performance than Taylor series algorithm (TSA) and the hybrid lines of position algorithm (HLOP).
Parallel-in/serial-out: a new approach for c.c.d. transversal filters (1977)

A new principle for a c.c.d. transversal filter with parallel inputs is shown. Using this approach, no differential output amplifier is necessary. Design considerations of a device successfully tested are reported and the first measured results are compared with theoretical predictions.
Recent progress in [<sup>11</sup>C]carbon dioxide ([<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub>) and [<sup>11</sup>C]carbon monoxide ([<sup>11</sup>C]CO) chemistry (2017)

[<sup>11</sup> C]Carbon dioxide ([<sup>11</sup> C]CO<sub>2</sub> ) and [<sup>11</sup> C]carbon monoxide ([<sup>11</sup> C]CO) are 2 attractive precursors for labelling the carbonyl position (C═O) in a vast range of functionalised molecules (eg, ureas, amides, and carboxylic acids). The development of radiosynthetic methods to produce functionalised <sup>11</sup> C-labelled compounds is required to enhance the radiotracers available for positron emission tomography, molecular, and medical imaging applications. Following a brief summary of secondary <sup>11</sup> C-precursor production and uses, the review focuses on recent progress with direct <sup>11</sup> C-carboxylation routes with [<sup>11</sup> C]CO<sub>2</sub> and <sup>11</sup> C-carbonylation with [<sup>11</sup> C]CO. Novel approaches to generate [<sup>11</sup> C]CO using CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), such as silacarboxylic acids and disilanes, applied to radiochemistry are described and compared with standard [<sup>11</sup> C]CO production methods. These innovative [<sup>11</sup> C]CO synthesis strategies represent efficient and reliable [<sup>11</sup> C]CO production processes, enabling the widespread use of [<sup>11</sup> C]CO chemistry within the wider radiochemistry community.
Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion research at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics: charting the path to thermonuclear ignition (2005)

Significant theoretical and experimental progress continues to be made at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), charting the path to direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition. Direct drive offers the potential for higher-gain implosions than x-ray drive and is a leading candidate for an inertial fusion energy power plant. LLE's direct-drive ICF ignition target designs for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) are based on hot-spot ignition. A cryogenic target with a spherical DT-ice layer, within or without a foam matrix, enclosed by a thin plastic shell, will be directly irradiated with ∼1.5 MJ of laser energy. Cryogenic and plastic/foam (surrogate-cryogenic) targets that are hydrodynamically scaled from these ignition target designs are imploded on the 60-beam, 30 kJ, UV OMEGA laser system to validate the key target physics issues, including energy coupling, hydrodynamic instabilities and implosion symmetry. Prospects for direct-drive ignition on the NIF are extremely favourable, even while it is in its x-ray-drive irradiation configuration, with the development of the polar-direct-drive concept. A high-energy petawatt capability is being constructed at LLE next to the existing 60-beam OMEGA compression facility. This OMEGA EP (extended performance) laser will add two short-pulse, 2.6 kJ beams to the OMEGA laser system to backlight direct-drive ICF implosions and study fast-ignition physics with focused intensities up to 6 × 1020 W cm−2.
Use a Single Camera for Simultaneous Localization And Mapping with Mobile Object Tracking in dynamic environments (2009)

Abstract — The aim of this work is to demonstrate that it is possible to use a single camera to solve the problem of Simultaneous Localization And Mapping in dynamic environments obtaining, at the same time, the estimation of the moving objects trajectories. Specifically, we show that it is possible to segment the features belonging to independently moving objects from a moving camera using a MonoSLAM algorithm together with a Bearing-Only Tracker. The idea is to exchange between two parallel working systems, i.e. the SLAM filter and the bearingonly tracker, information about the pose of the camera and the motion of the feature to improve the robustness of the SLAM algorithm and maintain a consistent estimation of both the pose, the map, and the features trajectories. Experiments in simulated and real environments substantiate that the proposed technique is able to maintain consistent estimations in a fast and robust way suitable for a real-time application, even in situations where classical MonoSLAM algorithms are deemed to fail. I.
A simultaneous full-duplex speech and electrocardiogram communications system (2002)

A system has been developed allowing the simultaneous communication of full-duplex speech and multiple electrocardiograms in real time. A single bandlimited channel is used, a dial-up PSTN line providing a 3 KHz bandwidth. The full-duplex speech is compressed to 2400 b/s using linear predictive coding whilst multiple electrographic signals are processed by a novel ECG compression technique. Extensive use of digital signal processing reduces the combined bit rate to less than 9600 b/s, allowing the use of a cost effective commercial modem. The communication system allows a hospital based clinician to provide diagnostic and treatment advice to a remote location, thus improving patient care.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proteomics applied to exercise physiology: A cutting‐edge technology (2011)

Exercise research has always drawn the attention of the scientific community because it can be widely applied to sport training, health improvement, and disease prevention. For many years numerous tools have been used to investigate the several physiological adaptations induced by exercise stimuli. Nowadays a closer look at the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic pathways and muscular and cardiovascular adaptation to exercise are among the new trends in exercise physiology research. Considering this, to further understand these adaptations as well as pathology attenuation by exercise, several studies have been conducted using molecular investigations, and this trend looks set to continue. Through enormous biotechnological advances, proteomic tools have facilitated protein analysis within complex biological samples such as plasma and tissue, commonly used in exercise research. Until now, classic proteomic tools such as one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been used as standard approaches to investigate proteome modulation by exercise. Furthermore, other recently developed in gel tools such as differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and gel-free techniques such as the protein labeling methods (ICAT, SILAC, and iTRAQ) have empowered proteomic quantitative analysis, which may successfully benefit exercise proteomic research. However, despite the three decades of 2-DE development, neither classic nor novel proteomic tools have been convincingly explored by exercise researchers. To this end, this review gives an overview of the directions in which exercise-proteome research is moving and examines the main tools that can be used as a novel strategy in exercise physiology investigation.
Glucocorticoid‐Loaded Core‐Cross‐Linked Polymeric Micelles with Tailorable Release Kinetics for Targeted Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis (2012)

Polymerizable and hydrolytically cleavable dexamethasone (DEX, red dot in picture) derivatives were covalently entrapped in core-cross-linked polymeric micelles that were prepared from a thermosensitive block copolymer (yellow and gray building block). By varying the oxidation degree of the thioether in the drug linker, the release rate of DEX could be controlled. The DEX-loaded micelles were used for efficient treatment of inflammatory arthritis in two animal models.
Effects of Antimony Doping on Cu(In<sub>1-x</sub>,Ga<sub>x</sub>)Se<sub>2</sub> Thin Films and Solar Cells (2012)

The effects of antimony (Sb) doping into Cu(In 1- x ,Ga x )Se 2 (CIGS) thin films and solar cells have been investigated. 10–50-nm-thick Sb thin layers were deposited onto Mo-coated sodalime glass (SLG) and SiO x -coated SLG substrates by vacuum evaporation. CIGS thin films were then deposited by a three-stage process at substrate temperatures of 450–550 °C. The grain growth of CIGS thin films was enhanced, and the open-circuit voltage and hence the conversion efficiency improved with the Sb doping when the SLG substrates were used. However, little or no effect was observed when the alkali barrier SiO x layer was deposited on SLG substrates. As a result, we found that Sb doping is beneficial for improving the cell performance when sodium exists simultaneously in CIGS layers.
Adenosine deaminase messenger RNAs in lymphoblast cell lines derived from leukemic patients and patients with hereditary adenosine deaminase deficiency. (1983)

Hereditary deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) usually causes profound lymphopenia with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Cells from patients with ADA deficiency contain less than normal, and sometimes undetectable, amounts of ADA catalytic activity and ADA protein. The molecular defects responsible for hereditary ADA deficiency are poorly understood. ADA messenger RNAs and their translation products have been characterized in seven human lymphoblast cell lines derived as follows: GM-130, GM-131, and GM-2184 from normal adults; GM-3043 from a partially ADA deficient, immunocompetent !Kung tribesman; GM-2606 from an ADA deficient, immunodeficient child; CCRF-CEM and HPB-ALL from leukemic children. ADA messenger (m)RNA was present in all lines and was polyadenylated. The ADA synthesized by in vitro translation of mRNA from each line reacted with antisera to normal human ADA and was of normal molecular size. There was no evidence that posttranslational processing of ADA occurred in normal, leukemic, or mutant lymphoblast lines. Relative levels of specific translatable mRNA paralleled levels of ADA protein in extracts of the three normal and two leukemic lines. However, unexpectedly high levels of ADA specific, translatable mRNA were found in the mutant GM-2606 and GM-3043 lines, amounting to three to four times those of the three normal lines. Differences in the amounts of ADA mRNA and rates of ADA synthesis appear to be of primary importance in maintaining the differences in ADA levels among lymphoblast lines with structurally normal ADA. ADA deficiency in at least two mutant cell lines is not caused by deficient levels of translatable mRNA, and unless there is some translational control of this mRNA, the characteristic cellular ADA deficiency is most likely secondary to synthesis and rapid degradation of a defective ADA protein.
Electrostatic surface drives: theoretical considerations and fabrication (2002)

Micromachined actuators with large travel, highly precise position control, and low actuation voltage are essential for atomic resolution storage, micro-optical stages, microwave devices, and control surfaces for a variety of sensors. We describe the characteristics and limitations of a novel electrostatic surface drive. A prototype, fabricated with two-level metallization, deep silicon etching, and a dry release process, has demonstrated 8 /spl mu/m travel at 4 V applied bias.
Evidence for Thermal Spin-Transfer Torque (2010)

Large heat currents are obtained in Co/Cu/Co spin valves positioned at the middle of Cu nanowires. The second harmonic voltage response to an applied current is used to investigate the effect of the heat current on the switching of the spin valves. Both the switching field and the magnitude of the voltage response are found to be dependent on the heat current. These effects are evidence for a thermal spin-transfer torque acting on the magnetization and are accounted for by a thermodynamic model in which heat, charge and spin currents are linked by Onsager reciprocity relations.
Optical and infrared imaging of growing polyolefin particles (2003)

Abstract A method was developed that observes polymer particles during a polymerization reaction using optical‐ and infrared imaging. The yielding images give good insight into catalyst‐specific properties as shape replication, distribution of activity, and the activation. The advantage of this method is the possibility to link behavior of individual particles to its own specific properties. The infrared method measures surface temperatures of growing particles. Such data are useful to feed mathematical models describing the growth of single particles. The temperature–time curves showed maximum temperature to be reached after some minutes; a simple model was used to describe this effect qualitatively. The maximum particle temperature rise was 20 K, but depended strongly on reaction rate and particle size. Temperature, prepolymerization method, catalyst recipe, and catalyst activation time were varied for a fourth‐generation Ziegler‐Natta catalyst in polymerization of propylene and ethylene.