gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR Detecting Fraudulent Documents (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTANALYTICAL METHODS FOR Detecting Fraudulent DocumentsAntonio A. CantuCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 17, 847A–854APublication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 1 September 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00017a738Request reuse permissions Article Views374Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microengineering, MEMS, and Interfacing: A Practical Guide (2006)

MICROMACHINING . Introduction Photolithography . Introduction . UV Photolithography . X-Ray Lithography . Direct-Write (E-Beam) Lithography . Low-Cost Photolithography . Photolithography-Key Points . References Silicon Micromachining . Introduction . Silicon . Crystal Growth . Doping . Wafer Specifications . Thin Films . Structures in Silicon . Wafer Dicing . References Nonsilicon Processes . Introduction . Chemical-Mechanical Polishing . LIGA and Electroplating . Photochemical Machining . Laser Machining . Polymer Microforming . Electrical Discharge Machining . Photostructurable Glasses . Precision Engineering . Other Processes . References Mask Design . Introduction . Minimum Feature Size . Layout Software . Design . Design Rules . Getting the Masks Produced . Generating Gerber Files . Mask Design-Key Points MICROSYSTEMS . Introduction Microsensors . Introduction . Thermal Sensors . Radiation Sensors . Magnetic Sensors . Chemical Sensors and Biosensors . Microelectrodes for Neurophysiology . Mechanical Sensors Microactuators . Introduction . Electrostatic Actuators . Magnetic Actuators . Piezoelectric Actuators . Thermal Actuators . Hydraulic Actuators . Multilayer Bonded Devices . Microstimulators Micro Total Analysis Systems . Introduction . Basic Chemistry . Applications of Microengineered Devices in Chemistry and Biochemistry . Micro Total Analysis Systems . DNA Chips . The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) . Conducting Polymers and Hydrogels . References Integrated Optics . Introduction . Waveguides . Integrated Optics Components . Fiber Coupling . Other Applications Assembly and Packaging . Introduction . Assembly . Passivation . Prepackage Testing . Packaging . Wire Bonding . Materials for Prototype Assembly and Packaging Nanotechnology . Introduction . The Scanning Electron Microscope . Scanning Probe Microscopy . Nanoelectromechanical Systems . Langmuir-Blodgett Films . Bionanotechnology . Molecular Nanotechnology . References INTERFACING . Introduction Amplifiers and Filtering . Introduction . Op-Amp . Instrumentation Amplifiers . Wheatstone Bridge . Filtering . References Computer Interfacing . Introduction . Driving Analog Devices from Digital Sources . Analog-to-Digital Conversion . Analog-to-Digital Converters . Converter Summary . References Output Drivers . Introduction . Controlling Currents and Voltages with Op-Amps . Transistors . Relays . BJT Output Boost for Op-Amps . Optoisolators Index
Studies on the Structure of the Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin at the pH of Membrane Fusion (1988)

At the pH required to trigger the membrane fusion activity of the influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) the soluble ectodomain of the molecule, BHA, which is released from virus by bromelain digestion, aggregates into rosettes. Analyses of soluble proteolytic fragments derived from the rosettes indicated that aggregation is mediated by association of the conserved hydrophobic amino-terminal region of BHA2, the smaller glycopolypeptide component of each BHA subunit. Further analyses of the structure of the soluble fragments and of HA in its low pH conformation by electron microscopy, spectroscopy and in crosslinking experiments showed that, although the membrane distal globular domains lose their trimer structure at the pH of fusion, the central fibrous stem of the molecule remains trimeric and assumes a more stable conformation. The increase in length of BHA2 at low pH observed microscopically appears to result from movement of the amino-terminal region to the membrane proximal end of the molecule and in virus incubated at low pH the amino terminus may insert into the virus membrane. The consequences of these possibilities for the mechanism of membrane fusion are discussed.
Mussel‐Inspired Polyesters with Aliphatic Pendant Groups Demonstrate the Importance of Hydrophobicity in Underwater Adhesion (2017)

Abstract Recognizing the potential for synthetic adhesives that can function in wet environments, elements of mussel foot proteins such as L ‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and phosphoserine have been incorporated into synthetic adhesives. Such adhesives have corroborated the advantage of surface active groups like DOPA, but have not yet demonstrated superior performance in wet or underwater environments, without using organic solvents. What has been conspicuously absent from such designs is the effect of hydrophobic components in the performance of underwater adhesives. Herein it is shown that incorporation of hydrophobic groups in low modulus polyester adhesives provides very high lap‐shear strength and resistance to water penetration. In addition to the excellent performance in wet conditions, the designed adhesive can be applied underwater without any solvent, is biodegradable, and is designed from soybean oil, which is a readily available and renewable resource.
Pushing reactive services to XML repositories using active rules (2001)

Article Share on Pushing reactive services to XML repositories using active rules Authors: Angela Bonifati Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, ItalyView Profile , Stefano Ceri Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, ItalyView Profile , Stefano Paraboschi Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, ItalyView Profile Authors Info & Claims WWW '01: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide WebMay 2001 Pages 633–641https://doi.org/10.1145/371920.372168Published:01 April 2001Publication History 26citation702DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations26Total Downloads702Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Steady state analysis of Class E resonant DC-DC converter regulated under fixed switching frequency (2003)

Analytical and experimental results are presented for a novel type of Class E resonant DC-DC converter that is regulated by an auxiliary switch. The switching frequency of the converter is fixed. The analysis gives the switching-frequency range for which losses are very low as well as the steady-state characteristics of the converter at these frequencies. Experiments on a 1 MHz, 5 V, 25 W breadboard regulator verify the theoretical results. The measured efficiency is as high as 83%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low power on-chip supply voltage conversion scheme for 1G/4G bit DRAMs (2003)

A new low power on-chip supply voltage conversion scheme is proposed. This scheme connects two or more DRAMs in series to make up for the large gap between the external and internal supply voltages. As large as a 50% power dissipation reduction has been successfully verified using the test system. This device is seen to be promising for voltage conversion in forthcoming gigabit DRAMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of real-time tracking and control mobile robot using video capturing feature for unmanned applications (2010)

A wireless tracking and controlling the mobile robot using video capturing feature (VCF) for unmanned applications is presented. It is a wheel-based and Radio frequency (RF wireless communicated) is used for communication between controller and the robot. The available motions of the robot are forward, backward, right, left and the combination of these movements. Besides, a camera is built in the robot for tracking. The video captured by the camera is displayed in the computer or Laptop by using the Window Media Encoder (WME) software that is able to be controlled by using Windows GUI remote control. It is built for the purpose of viewing the places that humans cannot reach. Same with other robots which are built to work at dangerous environment, it can be used to explore the situation of dangerous place that human cannot reach, for example, the natural disaster area, cave, underground and so on. On the others hand, it can also serve as an investigation robot in military field. It suits the task of searching for ambush or sneaking into enemy base to gather information
Redistribution of Al in implanted SiC layers as a result of thermal annealing (2009)

The experimental Al concentration profiles formed on implantation of Al into SiC at room temperature with subsequent high-temperature annealing are analyzed. It is shown that, at doses above the amorphization threshold, the profiles exhibit a number of specific features: a shift of the maximum of the distribution, accumulation of dopants at the surface, and formation of box-shaped profiles. To describe quantitatively the redistribution of Al dopants in the SiC layers implanted with high doses, the segregation-diffusion model is suggested for the first time. The model takes into account segregation of dopants between the α and c phases during solid-state epitaxial crystallization followed by diffusion of dopants and their evaporation from the surface The formation of box-shaped Al profiles as a result of short-term thermal annealing is attributed to the origination of highly damaged single-crystal and polycrystalline SiC layers in the recrystallized region, with a high diffusion coefficient of dopants, and to the suppression of the enhanced transient diffusion in the remaining single-crystal part of the implanted layer.
Further Isolation of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus; Congenital Transfer of Virus in Chicken Mites (Dermanyssus gallinae). (1945)

The virus of St. Louis encephalitis has been isolated from chicken mites (Dermanyssus gallince) on 7 separate occasions from 3 of 5 sources in St. Louis County from which mites were collected. Two of these isolations from a single chicken house were reported in a previous publication. Since that time 3 further isolations have been accomplished from mites collected at this original site, and in addition one isolation has been made from each of 2 other chicken houses. All 3 sites are located in St. Louis County within a radius of 11 miles. Mites infected in nature have been shown to retain the virus after 5 months of propagation in the laboratory. Congenital transfer of the virus from the adult female through the egg into the first stage nymph has been demonstrated.
Enzymatic Conversion of D-Glucose to D-Fructose (1965)

Glucose isomerizing enzyme was partially purified after investigation on the properties of crude enzyme extract. The crude extract was partly inactivated by the contact with air. The addition of manganese was effective to improve the stability. Magnesium was essential to the enzyme action and cobalt accelerated the reaction. The maximal activity was observed at pH about 7.6 and 50°C was optimal for the incubation time of 30 minutes. The enzyme solution reacted with D-xylose as well as D-glucose. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited at high glucose concentrations.
Contraception with long-acting subdermal implants. A five-year clinical trial with silastic covered rod implants containing levonorgestrel (1985)

A total of 189 women volunteered to accept subdermal implants for contraception. The implants were "covered rods", consisting of a core rod containing equal parts by weight of levonorgestrel and polydimethylsiloxane and sealed inside a thin-walled tube of Silastic tubing with medical adhesive. In one study 78 women used 4 3cm rods (study 07) and in the other 111 women used 6 3cm rods. In 5 years of use there were no pregnancies in either group. Terminations because of menstrual problems were twice as frequent among the 4-rod users than among users of the 6 rods. Menstrual pattern analysis is presented for the two rod regimens and compared with the previously reported patterns for the 6-capsule regimen (NORPLANT). Long--term in vivo release rates are also presented.
The effect of current density and stripe length on resistance saturation during electromigration testing (1996)

Resistance saturation as a function of current density and stripe length has been investigated for a two-level structure with Ti/TiN/AlCu/Ti/TiN stripes and interlevel W stud vias. A simple model relating the resistance change at saturation to the current density and stripe length is formulated for structures with short stripe lengths and blocking boundaries at both ends. Experimental results for stripe lengths of 25, 50, or 100 μm are in good agreement with the model predictions.
Two-compartment tumor metabolism: Autophagy in the tumor microenvironment and oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS) in cancer cells (2012)

Previously, we proposed a new paradigm to explain the compartment-specific role of autophagy in tumor metabolism. In this model, autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in the tumor stroma promotes cellular catabolism, which results in the production of recycled nutrients. These chemical building blocks and high-energy "fuels" would then drive the anabolic growth of tumors, via autophagy resistance and oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells. We have termed this new form of stromal-epithelial metabolic coupling: "two-compartment tumor metabolism." Here, we stringently tested this energy-transfer hypothesis, by genetically creating (1) constitutively autophagic fibroblasts, with mitochondrial dysfunction or (2) autophagy-resistant cancer cells, with increased mitochondrial function. Autophagic fibroblasts were generated by stably overexpressing key target genes that lead to AMP-kinase activation, such as DRAM and LKB1. Autophagy-resistant cancer cells were derived by overexpressing GOLPH3, which functionally promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. As predicted, DRAM and LKB1 overexpressing fibroblasts were constitutively autophagic and effectively promoted tumor growth. We validated that autophagic fibroblasts showed mitochondrial dysfunction, with increased production of mitochondrial fuels (L-lactate and ketone body accumulation). Conversely, GOLPH3 overexpressing breast cancer cells were autophagy-resistant, and showed signs of increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function, which resulted in increased tumor growth. Thus, autophagy in the tumor stroma and oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS) in cancer cells can both dramatically promote tumor growth, independently of tumor angiogenesis. For the first time, our current studies also link the DNA damage response in the tumor microenvironment with "Warburg-like" cancer metabolism, as DRAM is a DNA damage/repair target gene.
Minding your business with AI (2005)

A new crop of technology grafting AI to data mining techniques is making unstructured data - emails, blogs, business records, manufacturer warranties, and other kinds of text - more useful to companies. This utility sprouts from computers' ability to automatically understand and organize text so that they can slice and dice it. Machine learning, natural language processing, hidden Markov models, and rules-based pattern matching methods parse text for meaning, break it into bits, tag it, and rearrange it. The newly structured text can reveal such information as workflows, instances of impropriety or legal incompliance, cases and causes of problems, and market trends.
An Improved Device for Posterior Rhinomanometry to Measure Nasal Resistance (2005)

Rhinomanometry is a method for measuring nasal resistance for the purpose of providing an objective evaluation of nasal patency. Posterior rhinomanometry is accomplished without the use of a mask, thus allowing the patient to breathe naturally. Here, we report on the improvements we have made to the existing posterior rhinomanometry system. In this system, nasal airflow is measured indirectly by measuring the pressure differential across a small mesh window in the body plethysmograph. We have calibrated this measurement and developed software that automatically provides the correct values for all airflow rates. Also, we have developed software that automatically corrects for the phase shift caused by the plethysmograph structure. These refinements should provide more accurate values for nasal resistance.
C-figured loop antennas (1995)

C-figured loop antennas are analysed numerically. The current distribution, radiation pattern and axial ratio are presented. It is found that the c-figured loop antennas radiate a circularly polarised wave with a relatively wide 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (~5%).
Slow wave conduction patterns in the stomach: from Waller's Foundations to Current Challenges (2014)

This review provides an overview of our understanding of motility and slow wave propagation in the stomach. It begins by reviewing seminal studies conducted by Walter Cannon and Augustus Waller on in vivo motility and slow wave patterns. Then our current understanding of slow wave patterns in common laboratory animals and humans is presented. The implications of slow wave arrhythmic patterns that have been recorded in animals and patients suffering from gastroparesis are discussed. Finally, current challenges in experimental methods and techniques, slow wave modulation and the use of mathematical models are discussed.
Lensless high-resolution on-chip optofluidic microscopes for <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and cell imaging (2008)

Low-cost and high-resolution on-chip microscopes are vital for reducing cost and improving efficiency for modern biomedicine and bioscience. Despite the needs, the conventional microscope design has proven difficult to miniaturize. Here, we report the implementation and application of two high-resolution (approximately 0.9 microm for the first and approximately 0.8 microm for the second), lensless, and fully on-chip microscopes based on the optofluidic microscopy (OFM) method. These systems abandon the conventional microscope design, which requires expensive lenses and large space to magnify images, and instead utilizes microfluidic flow to deliver specimens across array(s) of micrometer-size apertures defined on a metal-coated CMOS sensor to generate direct projection images. The first system utilizes a gravity-driven microfluidic flow for sample scanning and is suited for imaging elongate objects, such as Caenorhabditis elegans; and the second system employs an electrokinetic drive for flow control and is suited for imaging cells and other spherical/ellipsoidal objects. As a demonstration of the OFM for bioscience research, we show that the prototypes can be used to perform automated phenotype characterization of different Caenorhabditis elegans mutant strains, and to image spores and single cellular entities. The optofluidic microscope design, readily fabricable with existing semiconductor and microfluidic technologies, offers low-cost and highly compact imaging solutions. More functionalities, such as on-chip phase and fluorescence imaging, can also be readily adapted into OFM systems. We anticipate that the OFM can significantly address a range of biomedical and bioscience needs, and engender new microscope applications.
Transistors based on proximity effect control of the critical current of a superconductor (1993)

The critical current of a bilayer consisting of a thin superconductor in contact with a normal conductor depends on the thickness of the normal layer due to the proximity effect. Using one electrode of a semiconductor pn junction as the normal material, it is possible to vary the normal layer thickness by applying a voltage to the pn junction. The author discusses the feasibility of transistors based on such structures. He concludes that there is no fundamental impediment to operating a transistor based on proximity effect control of a superconductor. However, the proposed device requires that both superconductor and semiconductor layers be no thicker than roughly a coherence length. The large mismatch at the superconductor-semiconductor interface reduces the size of the proximity effect, possibly making the desired effect too small to be useful. It is difficult to construct a nonlatching device, or one with voltage gain. Thus, the proposed device has major drawbacks which prevent it from being considered as more than a scientific curiosity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of peak flow information on patterns of self-care in adult asthma. (1988)

Self-care is an important issue in the management of adults with asthma. Little is known about the specific strategies used by people with asthma to control symptoms and abort asthma attacks. The purpose of this study was to identify self-care strategies used to control asthma symptoms and to determine the effect of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) information on selection of self-care strategies. Thirty adult subjects with asthma were randomly assigned to either a control or an experimental group; 28 completed the study. All subjects recorded episodes of dyspnea, wheezing, and chest tightness and self-care actions in an asthma symptom diary. The experimental group recorded PEFR at the beginning and end of each symptom episode. Reported strategies were categorized into problem-focused, emotion-focused, or mixed self-care strategies. The experimental group, with access to PEFR information, used medication significantly less often than the control group. The experimental group also reported fewer and less frequent uses of alternative nondrug strategies.
Modeling User Rating Profiles For Collaborative Filtering (2003)

In this paper we present a generative latent variable model for rating-based collaborative filtering called the User Rating Profile model (URP). The generative process which underlies URP is designed to produce complete user rating profiles, an assignment of one rating to each item for each user. Our model represents each user as a mixture of user attitudes, and the mixing proportions are distributed according to a Dirichlet random variable. The rating for each item is generated by selecting a user attitude for the item, and then selecting a rating according to the preference pattern associated with that attitude. URP is related to several models including a multinomial mixture model, the aspect model [7], and LDA [1], but has clear advantages over each. 1