gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Make a Face: Towards Arbitrary High Fidelity Face Manipulation (2019)

Recent studies have shown remarkable success in face manipulation task with the advance of GANs and VAEs paradigms, but the outputs are sometimes limited to low-resolution and lack of diversity. In this work, we propose Additive Focal Variational Auto-encoder (AF-VAE), a novel approach that can arbitrarily manipulate high-resolution face images using a simple yet effective model and only weak supervision of reconstruction and KL divergence losses. First, a novel additive Gaussian Mixture assumption is introduced with an unsupervised clustering mechanism in the structural latent space, which endows better disentanglement and boosts multi-modal representation with external memory. Second, to improve the perceptual quality of synthesized results, two simple strategies in architecture design are further tailored and discussed on the behavior of Human Visual System (HVS) for the first time, allowing for fine control over the model complexity and sample quality. Human opinion studies and new state-of-the-art Inception Score (IS) / Frechet Inception Distance (FID) demonstrate the superiority of our approach over existing algorithms, advancing both the fidelity and extremity of face manipulation task.
Comparing domain interactions within antibody Fabs with kappa and lambda light chains (2016)

IgG antibodies are multi-domain proteins with complex inter-domain interactions. Human IgG heavy chains (HCs) associate with light chains (LCs) of the κ or λ isotype to form mature antibodies capable of binding antigen. The HC/LC interaction involves 4 domains: VH and CH1 from the HC and VL and CL from the LC. Human Fabs with κ LCs have been well characterized for their unfolding behaviors and demonstrate a significant level of cooperativity and stabilization when all 4 domains are intact. Very little is known regarding the thermodynamic properties of human Fabs with λ LCs. Here, we dissect the domain contributions to Fab stability for both κ and λ LC-containing Fabs. We find the cooperativity of unfolding between the constant domains, CH1/Cλ, and variable domains, VH/Vλ, within λ LC-containing Fabs is significantly weaker than that of κ LC-containing Fabs. The data suggests there may not be an evolutionary necessity for strong variable/constant domain cooperativity within λ LC-containing Fabs. After investigating the biophysical properties of Fabs with mismatched variable and constant domain subunits (e.g., VH/Vκ paired with CH1/Cλ or T cell receptor Cα/Cβ), the major role of the constant domains for both κ- and λ-containing Fabs may be to reduce the hydrophobic exposure at the VH/VL interface. Even though Fabs with these non-native pairings were thermodynamically less stable, they secreted well from mammalian cells as well behaved monodisperse proteins, which was in contrast to what was observed with the VH/Vκ and VH/Vλ scFvs that secreted as a mixture of monomer and aggregates.
A Study on Author Notation in Korea (1971)

A comparative study on analytico-synthetic systems and enumerative systems which have been used in Korea was dealt. The writer tries to compare the adaptability of both systems for Korean author notations. The following topics are discussed in detail: 1) The objectives of the book numbers. 2) Korean alphabet as author numbers. a) Brevity, simplicity and the possibility of expansion. b) A study on the defects of the analytico-synthetic notation devised by Professor Jai Chul Lee. c) A study on the pronounceability and the ambiguity. 3) A comparative study on filing efficiency of the Professor Lee's author marks and the writer's.
<i>PRSS1</i> copy number variants and promoter polymorphisms in pancreatitis: common pathogenetic mechanism, different genetic effects (2017)

ti c effe c t s.G u t 6 7 (3) , p p . 5 9 2-5 9 3.
Why nothing matters (2011)

Memory safety defends against inadvertent and malicious misuse of memory that may compromise program correctness and security. A critical element of memory safety is zero initialization. The direct cost of zero initialization is surprisingly high: up to 12.7%, with average costs ranging from 2.7 to 4.5% on a high performance virtual machine on IA32 architectures. Zero initialization also incurs indirect costs due to its memory bandwidth demands and cache displacement effects. Existing virtual machines either: a) minimize direct costs by zeroing in large blocks, or b) minimize indirect costs by zeroing in the allocation sequence, which reduces cache displacement and bandwidth. This paper evaluates the two widely used zero initialization designs, showing that they make different tradeoffs to achieve very similar performance. Our analysis inspires three better designs: (1) bulk zeroing with cache-bypassing (non-temporal) instructions to reduce the direct and indirect zeroing costs simultaneously, (2) concurrent non-temporal bulk zeroing that exploits parallel hardware to move work off the application's critical path, and (3) adaptive zeroing, which dynamically chooses between (1) and (2) based on available hardware parallelism. The new software strategies offer speedups sometimes greater than the direct overhead, improving total performance by 3% on average. Our findings invite additional optimizations and microarchitectural support.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cerebrospinal fluid in neurodegenerative disease: Indication of glial energy impairment in Huntington chorea, but not Parkinson disease (2000)

Metabolite levels in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Parkinson disease or Huntington chorea were compared with the levels in healthy controls using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. No significant differences were found for any metabolite measured in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Parkinson disease compared to controls. Slight but significantly reduced levels of both lactate and citrate, however, were found in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Huntington chorea compared to controls. This suggests possible impairment of both glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle function. The reduction in lactate found in the present study may reflect neuronal loss. The decrease in citrate supports the theory of mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain of patients with Huntington chorea, but also suggests that there may be an important astrocytic component in this disease. If so, it would certainly have implications for neuronal function.
Minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein induces tissue factor expression in cultured human endothelial cells. (1991)

Oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein is present in atherosclerotic lesions and has been proposed to play an important role in atherogenesis through its biologic effects on vascular cells. This study examined the effects of minimally oxidized preparations of LDL (MM-LDL) on tissue factor (TF) expression by cultured human endothelial cells. Low-density lipoprotein purified from normal donors was modified by exposure to iron or by prolonged storage, resulting in levels of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances of approximately 2.5 to 4 nmoles/mg cholesterol. Preparations had less than 2.5 pg of endotoxin per microgram LDL and had no intrinsic procoagulant activity. This form of modified but not native LDL induced TF expression in endothelial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Peak TF coagulant activity in cells exposed to 40 micrograms/ml MM-LDL were observed at 4 to 6 hours, and ranged from 50 to 500 pg/10(5) cells, compared with less than 10 pg/10(5) cells exposed to native LDL. Northern blot analysis showed TF mRNA levels to increase approximately 30-fold with exposure to MM-LDL for 2 hours. Induction of TF activity was dependent on the concentration of MM-LDL from 1 microgram/ml to 80 micrograms/ml, a range in which cell viability and morphology were unaffected. The findings suggest that minimally oxidized LDL may be a local mediator promoting thrombosis in atherosclerotic lesions.
8-Aminoquinolines from Walter Reed Army Institute for Research for treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in rat models (1991)

Three 8-aminoquinolines from the Walter Reed Army Institute for Research (WRAIR), WR6026, WR238605, and WR242511, strongly inhibited Pneumocystis carinii growth in vitro at 1 microgram/ml. This activity was similar to that of primaquine. In rat therapy models, the WRAIR compounds affected Pneumocystis pneumonia at doses as low as 0.25 mg/kg (WR242511) or 0.5 mg/kg (WR6026 and WR238605). At these doses, primaquine alone was ineffective as therapy. In a rat prophylaxis model, all three WRAIR 8-aminoquinolines were extremely effective at daily doses of 0.57 mg/kg, showing activity greater than that of primaquine at this dosage and comparable to that of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at 50/250 mg/kg.
Use of Whole Blood Specimens for Routine Clinical Quantitation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Does Not Increase Assay Sensitivity (2000)

The measurement of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels in the blood has, in the last few years, become a critical component in the therapy of patients with HCV infections. Initially, extraction methods for serum and plasma were used, but a newer method that uses Catrimox-14 as the extraction agent for whole blood has been reported. Because the whole blood extraction method may yield higher virus levels if significant levels of virus are present in the white blood cells (WBC), the method was evaluated for use in our clinical diagnostic laboratory despite its higher reagent costs and more time-consuming methodology. RNA was simultaneously extracted from 39 clinical samples by four different methods: Catrimox-14-Trizol extraction from whole blood, Trizol extraction from whole blood, Trizol extraction from serum, and a commercial serum extraction method, the EZNA total RNA kit. In addition, in an effort to quantitate the amount of HCV RNA virus in the WBC, Trizol extraction from isolated WBC was also performed. Quantitative results for samples from which RNA was extracted by all four methods were essentially the same; the Catrimox-14-Trizol method did not yield increased virus levels. Insignificant levels of virus were found in the WBC. The results did not demonstrate a clinical usefulness for the Catrimox-14-Trizol method.
Phase matching limitations of high efficiency second harmonic generation (1984)

-A discussion of second harmonic generation with imperfect phase matching in the high conversion limit is presented. Phase modulation of the fundamental pulse, dispersion, central frequency wavevector mismatch, and fundamental depletion are included. The results show that even small amounts of phase modulation or central frequency wavevector mismatch can limit harmonic generation and must be considered at high conversion efficiency. Both spatial and temporal phase matching parameters are more restrictive at high conversion efficiency because of the narrowing of the central phase matching peak. If the harmonic conversion process is overdriven, severe distortion of the harmonic and transmitted fundamental pulses can result. Cascade harmonic generation of neodymium laser radiation to 266 nm is presented as an example.
TTPDrill (2017)

With the rapid growth of the cyber attacks, sharing of cyber threat intelligence (CTI) becomes essential to identify and respond to cyber attack in timely and cost-effective manner. However, with the lack of standard languages and automated analytics of cyber threat information, analyzing complex and unstructured text of CTI reports is extremely time- and labor-consuming. Without addressing this challenge, CTI sharing will be highly impractical, and attack uncertainty and time-to-defend will continue to increase.
An Efficient Multirate LDPC-CC Decoder With a Layered Decoding Algorithm for the IEEE 1901 Standard (2014)

An area-efficient multirate low-density parity-check convolutional code (LDPC-CC) decoder is presented in this brief. Using the layered decoding algorithm, the decoder achieves a better performance than the message-passing algorithm; the extrinsic-message storing is switched from variable node based to check node based. Then, using the normalized min-sum (NMS) algorithm, the extrinsic messages can be reduced to the first and second minimum absolute values, the position index of the first minimum absolute value, the signs of all extrinsic messages, and the product of all the signs. A memory-based application-specific integrated circuit architecture of the LDPC-CC decoder that supports these methods is proposed for the IEEE 1901 standard. Based on a SMIC 130-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process, a decoder that can support all the code rates of the LDPC-CCs defined in IEEE 1901 (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5) is fabricated and evaluated. The proposed decoder attains a maximum throughput of 300 Mb/s at a maximum operating frequency of 180 MHz. The core area is 3.55 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with ten processors. The average power consumption is 200.4 mW at code rate 4/5 and a frequency of 180 MHz, and the power efficiency is 66.8 pJ/bit/proc. The very large scale integration results show that the decoder is both memory and area efficient.
Compressed Sensing for Energy-Efficient Wireless Telemonitoring: Challenges and Opportunities (2013)

As a lossy compression framework, compressed sensing has drawn much attention in wireless telemonitoring of biosignals due to its ability to reduce energy consumption and make possible the design of low-power devices. However, the non-sparseness of biosignals presents a major challenge to compressed sensing. This study proposes and evaluates a spatio-temporal sparse Bayesian learning algorithm, which has the desired ability to recover such non-sparse biosignals. It exploits both temporal correlation in each individual biosignal and inter-channel correlation among biosignals from different channels. The proposed algorithm was used for compressed sensing of multichannel electroencephalographic (EEG) signals for estimating vehicle drivers' drowsiness. Results showed that the drowsiness estimation was almost unaffected even if raw EEG signals (containing various artifacts) were compressed by 90%.
Exercise for Women With or at Risk for Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema (2006)

Breast cancer accounts for approximately one third of all cancers diagnosed in American women. In 2005, it was estimated that 211,240 women would be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the United States and 58,490 would be diagnosed with in situ breast cancer.1 Although advancements in technology have led to early detection and a higher survival rate,2 approximately 40,410 US women were expected to die from this disease in 2005.1 Many women experience secondary complications of the disease and its treatments, including decreased quality of life (QOL), weight gain, sleep disturbances, poor body image, fatigue,3 increased risk for osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, premature menopause, and lymphedema.4

Breast cancer is commonly treated by surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. Axillary dissection or radiation can result in lymphedema due to obstruction, trauma, and inflammation of the lymphatic system.5 Lymphedema has been defined as an abnormal accumulation of protein-rich fluid,4,6 edema, and chronic inflammation5,7 and can elicit pain, tightness, and heaviness in the upper extremity (UE), as well as lead to recurrent skin infections.8

Lymphedema is classified into 3 stages based on severity. Stage I lymphedema is spontaneously reversible9 and typically involves pitting edema, an increase in UE girth, and heaviness.8 Stage II is marked by a spongy consistency of the tissue without signs of pitting edema. Tissue fibrosis causes limbs to harden and increase in size. Stage III, lymphostatic elephantiasis, is the most advanced stage but is rarely seen following breast cancer treatment.9

Management of lymphedema in women with breast cancer has been a subject of debate for many years. Treatment options include elevation, massage, compression garments, pneumatic compression pumps, and complex physical therapy.8 Traditionally, women who had been treated for breast cancer and those with pre-existing lymphedema …
Synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells in health and early osteoarthritis: Detection and functional evaluation at the single‐cell level (2008)

This study confirms the presence of MSCs in normal SF and shows their numerical increase in early human OA. SF MSCs are likely to originate from synovium. These findings provide a platform for the exploration of the potential role of SF MSCs in joint homeostasis and for investigation of their utility in novel joint regeneration strategies.
On-line blind equalization of FIR channels using a Gibbsian technique (2002)

This paper is concerned with the blind equalisation of a communication system. We propose to realize the identification of the channel impulse response as well as the noise variance estimation and detection of the emitted sequence of symbols. The signal representation as a hidden Markov model (HMM) has the intrinsic potential for solving such a problem. However, the high performance of such methods is usually obtained at the cost of a high computational complexity and local minima problems. Both issues are addressed in this paper.
Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Nonspecific Cross‐reacting Antigen in Normal and Neoplastic Human Tissues Using a Monoclonal Antibody: Cornparison with Carcinoembryonic Antigen Localization (1990)

Nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) immunoreactivity was localized in normal and neoplastic human tissues using a monoclonal antibody to 55, 90 and 95 kDa molecules of NCA. This was compared to the localization of immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as demonstrated by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. In frozen sections, CEA was localized in normal surface epithelium of the stomach and colon where NCA was only weakly detected. Type 1 and type 2-like pneumocytes were positive for NCA, while CEA was localized only in type 2-like pneumocytes. CEA and NCA were both demonstrated in ductal cells of frozen pancreatobiliary and mammary tissues. The antigenicity of CEA and NCA in normal tissues was significantly lost after paraffin embedding as compared to frozen sections. NCA was consistently demonstrated in eccrine sweat glands embedded in paraffin. In various tumor tissues, CEA and NCA were colocalized and expression increased sufficiently to be detected in paraffin sections. Adenocarcinomas of the stomach and colon and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas, as well as neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung and thyroid, showed a CEA predominance over NCA. In ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and breast and in cholangiocarcinoma, NCA reactivity was greater than CEA. Keratinizing foci of most squamous cell carcinomas of mucosal origin and some adenocarcinomas equally expressed both. Hepatocellular carcinoma, lobular mammary carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma were positive only with unabsorbed polyclonal antibody which widely recognizes CEA-related substances. Renal cell carcinoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, anaplastic carcinomas, choriocarcinoma and basal cell carcinomas showed little or no immunoreactivity. Hence the relative ratio of CEA/NCA expression in tumors was dependent on the tissue of origin and histologic type. The cytoplasmic granular staining of NCA in cancer cells was a noteworthy difference from the plasma membrane-associated localization of CEA.
Single-chip 20-GHz VCO and frequency divider in SiGe technology (2003)

This paper presents the design, implementation and testing of a fully integrated 20 GHz voltage controlled oscillator, a frequency divider with a divide ratio of 16, as well as an output driver. All blocks are integrated on one IC with an area of 890 /spl times/ 890 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and are fabricated in a production SiGe bipolar technology. The VCO is a varactor-tuned LC-type oscillator with a tuning range of 600 MHz. The differential signal of the output driver is converted to a single-ended signal by an external microstrip balun and delivers a maximum of 2 dBm of output power into a 50 /spl Omega/ load. The chip works with a single supply voltage of 3.6 V, the VCO draws 12 mA of supply current, divider and output driver consume 17 mA and 51 mA, respectively. The measured phase-noise of the VCO is -85 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency.
Inhibitory Effects of Cyclosporine A Eye Drops on Symptoms in Late Phase and Delayed-Type Reactions in Allergic Conjunctivitis Models (2010)

We investigated the efficacy of cyclosporine A (CyA) eye drops on ocular symptoms in late phase and delayed-type reactions in guinea pig allergic conjunctivitis models. An emulsion of ovalbumin (OVA) and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was intraperitoneally injected into guinea pigs, and 15% OVA solution was applied topically to the eyes to elicit late phase reactions. Following the early phase reaction, increased scores for hyperemia, swelling, edema, and discharge were detected 6 h after antigen challenge, and CyA eye drops significantly inhibited the increase in scores for edema and discharge, the increase in the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells, and the percentage of eosinophils among polymorphonuclear leukocytes in conjunctival tissue. To induce delayed-type reactions, guinea pigs were sensitized by injecting FCA into the footpad, followed by injections of purified protein derivative into palpebral conjunctivae 24 d later. Increased scores for hyperemia, swelling, and discharge were detected 6 h after the induction of delayed-type allergy, and CyA eye drops significantly inhibited the increase in scores for hyperemia and swelling. In contrast, betamethasone sodium phosphate eye drops showed a tendency to inhibit the symptoms in both late phase and delayed-type reactions, or inflammatory cell infiltration in the late phase reaction, but the inhibition was not significant. These results suggest that CyA eye drops are useful for suppressing ocular symptoms in both late phase and delayed-type reactions in allergic conjunctivitis models.
PARP7 and Mono-ADP-Ribosylation Negatively Regulate Estrogen Receptor α Signaling in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2021)

ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational protein modification catalyzed by a family of proteins known as poly-ADP-ribose polymerases. PARP7 (TIPARP; ARTD14) is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase involved in several cellular processes, including responses to hypoxia, innate immunity and regulation of nuclear receptors. Since previous studies suggested that PARP7 was regulated by 17β-estradiol, we investigated whether PARP7 regulates estrogen receptor α signaling. We confirmed the 17β-estradiol-dependent increases of PARP7 mRNA and protein levels in MCF-7 cells, and observed recruitment of estrogen receptor α to the promoter of PARP7. Overexpression of PARP7 decreased ligand-dependent estrogen receptor α signaling, while treatment of PARP7 knockout MCF-7 cells with 17β-estradiol resulted in increased expression of and recruitment to estrogen receptor α target genes, in addition to increased proliferation. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that PARP7 mono-ADP-ribosylated estrogen receptor α, and mass spectrometry mapped the modified peptides to the receptor's ligand-independent transactivation domain. Co-immunoprecipitation with truncated estrogen receptor α variants identified that the hinge region of the receptor is required for PARP7-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation. These results imply that PARP7-mediated mono-ADP-ribosylation may play an important role in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer.