gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Theory of Ratio Scale Estimation: Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process (1987)

The Analytic Hierarchy Process developed by Saaty (Saaty, T. L. 1980. The Analytic Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill, New York.) has proven to be an extremely useful method for decision making and planning. However, some researchers in these areas have raised concerns over the theoretical basis underlying this process. This paper addresses currently debated issues concerning the theoretical foundations of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. We also illustrate through proof and through examples the validity or fallaciousness of these criticisms.
Reduction and Reoxidation of Australia Antigen: Loss and Reconstitution of Particle Structure and Antigenicity (1972)

Reduction of Australia antigen with dithiothreitol resulted in the loss of antigenicity and morphological integrity. Oxidation of the reduced Australia antigen reconstituted both of these characters.
Emerging drugs for the treatment of symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorders (2010)

Despite progress in the development of pharmacologic treatments for a number of interfering symptom domains associated with autism and other PDDs, a great deal of work remains.
Nonlinear distortion from fiber dispersion of chirped intensity modulated signals (1991)

Lightwave subcarrier modulation techniques are now used in various microwave transmission applications and are becoming widespread throughout the cable television (CATV) industry.1 Advances in device performance have improved systems capabilities to the point where the fiber becomes a significant limitation. Fiber dispersion interacts with the modulated optical spectrum to produce nonlinear distortion.13 Given the high output powers that might become available when using optical amplifiers and the strict performance requirements for AM-VSB systems, the fiber nonlinearity is also a potential problem. We derive expressions for second- and third-order distortion generated by transmission of directly or externally modulated single-frequency lasers through dispersive and nonlinear fiber.
Processing considerations for seismic data acquired with wave gliders towing a 3D sensor array (2016)

In 2015, a field test was conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to acquire seismic data during an Ocean Bottom Cable survey using Autonomous Marine Vehicles, or wave gliders, equipped with a 3D Sensor Array (3DSA) of hydrophones. The wave gliders use wave energy to move in the water and can be programmed to follow a certain path or to hold station. The distribution of sensors in a 3DSA leads to an estimation of the 3D spatial gradients of the recorded pressure wavefield, which can be used in processing, e.g., attenuation of receiver side ghost effects. The paper discusses the acquisition QC and some of the processing opportunities enabled by this novel acquisition system. Seismic acquisition with wave gliders could advantageously complement streamer surveys, in sensitive areas and/or when large offsets are required. Presentation Date: Monday, October 17, 2016 Start Time: 4:10:00 PM Location: 148 Presentation Type: ORAL
A LANE-BASED OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR THE MULTI-PERIOD ANALYSIS OF ISOLATED SIGNAL-CONTROLLED JUNCTIONS (2006)

Recently, a lane-based optimization method was developed for the design of isolated signal-controlled junctions. The lane markings are relaxed as binary-type control variables and are integrated into the design framework, in which the lane markings and signal settings can be optimized simultaneously to maximize the overall junction performance. To take into account the time-varying effects of traffic demand, the lane-based optimization method has been enhanced to cater for multi-period demand patterns. To eliminate ambiguity, only a single set of lane markings (also referred to as the permitted movements) can be established on the ground for operation throughout all of the design periods, which implies that during various design periods road users that approach a junction will be guided by the same set of lane markings. In accordance with the specific traffic conditions in different design periods, road users can make their own choice of traffic lane for turning, provided that they do not violate the permitted movement patterns. In the present formulation, the actual lane utilization patterns are referred to as the effective movements. A set of linear constraints is developed to relate all of the lane-based control variables and to prescribe the feasible solution region. The optimization for the usual objective function is formulated as a mathematical program. Standard and heuristic solution methods are derived, and numerical examples are also given for demonstration.
Screen2Vec: Semantic Embedding of GUI Screens and GUI Components (2021)

Representing the semantics of GUI screens and components is crucial to data-driven computational methods for modeling user-GUI interactions and mining GUI designs. Existing GUI semantic representations are limited to encoding either the textual content, the visual design and layout patterns, or the app contexts. Many representation techniques also require significant manual data annotation efforts. This paper presents Screen2Vec, a new self-supervised technique for generating representations in embedding vectors of GUI screens and components that encode all of the above GUI features without requiring manual annotation using the context of user interaction traces. Screen2Vec is inspired by the word embedding method Word2Vec, but uses a new two-layer pipeline informed by the structure of GUIs and interaction traces and incorporates screen- and app-specific metadata. Through several sample downstream tasks, we demonstrate Screen2Vec’s key useful properties: representing between-screen similarity through nearest neighbors, composability, and capability to represent user tasks.
Microbiological Transformation of Terpenes (1962)

Several strains of fungi were tested for their ability to metabolize alpha-pinene in shake cultures. A strain of Aspergillus niger showing marked efficiency in this respect was selected for further studies. The optimal conditions for fermentation were established with respect to substrate concentration, time, and temperature. From the fermentation products three major metabolites of alpha-pinene were isolated: a ketone, C(10)H(14)O, identified as d-verbenone; an alcohol, C(10)H(16)O, identified as d-cis-verbenol; and a crystalline diol, C(10)H(18)O(2), characterized as d-trans-sobrerol.
The effects of a perturbation-based balance training on the reactive neuromuscular control in community-dwelling older women: a randomized controlled trial (2013)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term perturbation-based balance training and a detraining period on postural control in older adults. Methods A group of healthy older women were recruited and divided into two groups: an exercise group (EG, <i>n</i> = 21, age = 67.0 ± 2.0 y) that performed balance-based exercises three times a week over a sixweek period and a control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 20, age = 67.9 ± 3.1 y). Center-of-pressure displacement (CoP) and electromyographic data (EMG onset, time-to-peak and amplitude) were assessed during forward and backward perturbations for six leg muscles. All variables were analyzed before the training program began, at its end, and after a six-week period of detraining. A mixed ANOVA model was used to analyze the within- and between-subject results. Results A decrease in backward CoP displacement, EMG onset and time-to-peak of the ankle muscles, especially the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (MG), was observed. Improvement in muscle EMG amplitude for the ankle muscles (TA, MG and Soleus - SO) at the early phase (0-200 ms) of the perturbation test, with the SO also showing an increase in amplitude at the intermediate phase (201-400 ms). After the detraining period, only the TA muscle maintained an improvement in reaction time. Conclusions Perturbation-based balance training improved neuromuscular responses such as muscle reaction time and ankle muscle activation and consequently aided the body’s ability to maintain correct center of pressure, although after a period of detraining this gain was not maintained for most of the assessed variables.
Continuous-Wavelet Transform for Fault Location in Distribution Power Networks: Definition of Mother Wavelets Inferred From Fault Originated Transients (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The paper presents a fault location procedure for distribution networks based on the wavelet analysis of the fault-generated traveling waves. In particular, the proposed procedure implements the continuous wavelet analysis applied to the voltage waveforms recorded during the fault in correspondence of a network bus. In order to improve the wavelet analysis, an algorithm is proposed to build specific mother wavelets inferred from the fault-originated transient waveforms. </para>
Energy-efficient computing with heterogeneous multi-cores (2014)

Homogeneous multi-cores, while ubiquitous today, cannot provide the desired performance and energy-efficiency for various application domains. A promising alternative design is heterogeneous multi-core architecture where cores with different functional characteristics (CPU, GPU, DSP etc.) and/or performance-energy characteristics (simple versus complex micro-architecture) co-exist on the same die. Given an application, only the cores that best fit the application can be exploited leading to faster and energy-efficient computing. This paper describes heterogeneous multi-core architectures and the runtime management strategies to leverage the potential of such architectures for improved energy-efficiency.
Research on Battery Identification of Electric Vehicle Battery Management System (2010)

The performance of electric vehicle depends on power battery performance to a great extent. Accurate assessment of the power battery status is the premise of power battery playing its best performance under the existing technology conditions. The order 2 RC battery model is verified by comparing simulation result with experiment data. A standard identification form which is suitable for gradient adjustment based on order 2 RC model is deduced and the simulation is also carried out to verify it.
Down‐regulation of <i>Pax6</i> is associated with abnormal differentiation of corneal epithelial cells in severe ocular surface diseases (2007)

Pax6 is the universal master control gene for eye morphogenesis. Other than retina and lens, Pax6 also expressed in the ocular surface epithelium from early gestation until the postnatal stage, in which little is known about the function of Pax6. In this study, corneal pannus tissues from patients with ocular surface diseases such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), chemical burn, aniridia and recurrent pterygium were investigated. Our results showed that normal ocular surface epithelial cells expressed Pax6. However, corneal pannus epithelial cells from the above patients showed a decline or absence of Pax6 expression, accompanied by a decline or absence of K12 keratin but an increase of K10 keratin and filaggrin expression. Pannus basal epithelial cells maintained nuclear p63 expression and showed activated proliferation, evidenced by positive Ki67 and K16 keratin staining. On 3T3 fibroblast feeder layers, Pax6 immunostaining was negative in clones generated from epithelial cells harvested from corneal pannus from SJS or aniridia, but positive in those from the normal limbal epithelium; whereas western blots showed that some epithelial clones expanded from pannus retained Pax6 expression. Transient transfection of an adenoviral vector carrying EGFP-Pax6 transgenes into these Pax6(-) clones increased both Pax6 and K12 keratin expression. These results indicate that Pax6 helps to maintain the normal corneal epithelial phenotype postnatally, and that down-regulation of Pax6 is associated with abnormal epidermal differentiation in severe ocular surface diseases. Reintroduction of activation of the Pax6 gene might be useful in treating squamous metaplasia of the ocular surface epithelium.
The level of TACI gene expression in myeloma cells is associated with a signature of microenvironment dependence versus a plasmablastic signature (2005)

B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) have been shown to promote multiple myeloma (MM) cell growth. We show that the main site of production for BAFF and APRIL is the bone marrow (BM) environment, and that production is mainly by monocytes and neutrophils. In addition, osteoclasts produce very high levels of APRIL, unlike BM stromal cells. Myeloma cells (MMCs) express TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor), the receptor of BAFF/APRIL, at varying levels. TACI expression is a good indicator of a BAFF-binding receptor. Expression data of purified MMCs from 65 newly diagnosed patients have been generated using Affymetrix microarrays and were analyzed by supervised clustering of groups with higher (TACI(hi)) versus lower (TACI(lo)) TACI expression levels. Patients in the TACI(lo) group had clinical parameters associated with bad prognosis. A set of 659 genes was differentially expressed between TACI(hi) and TACI(lo) MMCs. This set makes it possible to efficiently classify TACI(hi) and TACI(lo) MMCs in an independent cohort of 40 patients. TACI(hi) MMCs displayed a mature plasma cell gene signature, indicating dependence on the BM environment. In contrast, the TACI(lo) group had a gene signature of plasmablasts, suggesting an attenuated dependence on the BM environment. Taken together, our findings suggest using gene expression profiling to identify the group of patients who might benefit most from treatment with BAFF/APRIL inhibitors.
A Review of Academic Literature on Internal Control Reporting Under SOX (2009)

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) mandates reporting on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) by public company management and auditors. Such reporting began for fiscal years ended Nov 15, 2004 for accelerated filers and is scheduled to be fully implemented for non-accelerated filers in mid-2010. Section 404(a) of SOX requires public company management to include an assessment of the effectiveness of the company's ICFR in its annual internal control report, and Section 404(b) requires attestation by the company's auditor. The authors review the literature on internal control reporting under both Sections 302 and 404 in the post-SOX period. The internal control literature has grown substantially since the passage of SOX due to the availability of data regarding ICFR effectiveness that were not previously available. They conducted a literature search through mid-2009 resulting in the inclusion of many published papers and working papers that address ICFR issues covered in our taxonomy.
Effect of Plasma Protein Binding on in Vivo Activity and Brain Penetration of Glycine/NMDA Receptor Antagonists (1997)

A major issue in designing drugs as antagonists at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor has been to achieve good in vivo activity. A series of 4-hydroxyquinolone glycine antagonists was found to be active in the DBA/2 mouse anticonvulsant assay, but improvements in in vitro affinity were not mirrored by corresponding increases in anticonvulsant activity. Here we show that binding of the compounds to plasma protein limits their brain penetration. Relative binding to the major plasma protein, albumin, was measured in two different ways: by a radioligand binding experiment or using an HPLC assay, for a wide structural range of glycine/NMDA site ligands. These measures of plasma protein binding correlate well (r = 0.84), and the HPLC assay has been used extensively to quantify plasma protein binding. For the 4-hydroxyquinolone series, binding to plasma protein correlates (r = 0.92) with log P (octanol/pH 7.4 buffer) over a range of log P values from 0 to 5. The anticonvulsant activity increases with in vitro affinity, but the slope of a plot of pED50 versus pIC50 is low (0.40); taking plasma protein binding into account in this plot increases the slope to 0.60. This shows that binding to albumin in plasma reduces the amount of compound free to diffuse across the blood-brain barrier. Further evidence comes from three other experiments: (a) Direct measurements of brain/blood ratios for three compounds (2, 16, 26) show the ratio decreases with increasing log R. (b) Warfarin, which competes for albumin binding sites dose-dependently, decreased the ED50 of 26 for protection against seizures induced by NMDLA. (c) Direct measurements of brain penetration using an in situ brain perfusion model in rat to measure the amount of drug crossing the blood-brain barrier showed that compounds 2, 26, and 32 penetrate the brain well in the absence of plasma protein, but this is greatly reduced when the drug is delivered in plasma. In the 4-hydroxyquinolones glycine site binding affinity increases with lipophilicity of the 3-substituent up to a maximum at a log P around 3, then does not improve further. When combined with increasing protein binding, this gives a parabolic relationship between predicted in vivo activity and log P, with a maximum log P value of 2.39. Finally, the plasma protein binding studies have been extended to other series of glycine site antagonists, and its is shown that for a given log P these have similar protein binding to the 4-hydroxyquinolones, except for compounds that are not acidic. The results have implications for the design of novel glycine site antagonists, and it is suggested that it is necessary to either keep log P low or pKa high to obtain good central nervous system activity.
Sorption Properties of Mesoporous Multilayer Thin Films (2008)

The vapor sorption properties of multilayers made of ordered mesoporous thin films with tailored composition and mesostructure are herein investigated. Optical reflectance measurements versus partial pressure of several vapors are performed to analyze the interplay between the affinity to and the accessibility of the different types of layers in the structure. We find that the behavior of a mesoporous oxide layer within the multilayer largely differs from that of the isolated thin film, its sorption properties being determined by the interaction with neighboring films. An explanation of the phenomena observed in these complex systems is provided in terms of the pore size, the affinity of each type of layer to specific compounds, and the effect of neighboring layers in the sorption properties of bilayers by an independent environmental ellipsometric study. © 2008 American Chemical Society.
A comparative study of the incorporation of a 1,6-ss-glucan and an O-glycosylated protein epitope into the cell wall of Candida albicans (1996)

The topological distribution of two epitopes in the cell wall of Candida albicans, the kinetics of their incorporation into the regenerating protoplast wall, and the effect of different antibiotics upon their incorporation and localization have been studied. To do so, two monoclonal antibodies that react against an O-glycosylated mannoprotein (1B12) and against a 1,6-beta-glucan epitope (JRR1) were used. The results show that the JRR1 epitope is localized in an internal layer of the cell wall, in contrast to the 1B12 epitope, which is superficial, and that the incorporation of the JRR1 epitope into walls of regenerating protoplasts precedes that of the 1B12 epitope. The JRR1 epitope is normally found in the culture medium of control cells, but not in that of papulacandin-B-treated cells, and tunicamycin interferes with the incorporation of the 1B12 epitope into the cell walls. Finally, the results support the hypothesis that mannoproteins are not 1,6-beta-glycosylated before their secretion.
Perceptually Guided Polygon Reduction (2008)

The properties of the human visual system are taken into account, along with the geometric aspects of an object, in a new surface remeshing algorithm and a new mesh simplification algorithm. Both algorithms have a preprocessing step and are followed by the remeshing or mesh simplification steps. The preprocessing step computes an importance map that indicates the visual masking potential of the visual patterns on the surface. The importance map is then used to guide the remeshing or mesh simplification algorithms. Two different methods are proposed for computing an importance map that indicates the masking potential of the visual patterns on the surface. The first one is based on the Sarnoff visual discrimination metric, and the second one is inspired by the visual masking tool available in the current JPEG2000 standard. Given an importance map, the surface remeshing algorithm automatically distributes few samples to surface regions with strong visual masking properties due to surface texturing, lighting variations, bump mapping, surface reflectance and inter-reflections. Similarly, the mesh simplification algorithm simplifies more aggressively where the light field of an object can hide more geometric artifacts.
Modeling Change in Recognition Bias with the Progression of Alzheimer’s (2010)

One of the key memory tests in the clinical assessment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the recognition memory task.Models developed in cognitive psychology have previously been applied to help understand clinical data.In particular, Signal Detection Theory (SDT) models have been used, to separate people's memory capabilities from their decision-making strategies.An important finding in this literature is that people with AD change their decision strategy in response to memory impairment, applying a more liberal criterion than people without AD.In this paper, we analyze clinical data that measures the progression of AD in a detailed way, using a theoretically motivated version of SDT, and applying hierarchical Bayesian methods to model individual differences.Our results corroborate many of the previous findings, but provide a more detailed focus on recognition performance with AD progression.
Three-dimensional imaging of thoracic diseases with multi-detector row CT (2004)

The benefits of multi-detector row CT (MDCT) relative to single-detector row helical CT are considerable. Multi-detector row CT allows shorter acquisition times, greater coverage, and superior image resolution. These factors substantially increase the diagnostic accuracy of the examination. Three-dimensional (3D) volume data from MDCT provides various unique applications on thoracic diseases. These includes isotropic viewings, use of multiplanar reformation (MPR), maximum and minimum intensity projections (MIP and minIP), and volume rendering performed from external and internal perspectives allowing the user to "fly around" and "fly through" the structures. Recent advances in 3D volume rendering put real-time, interactive virtual reality guidance of the procedures such as bronchoscopy and surgery into practice.
Sensorless Tool Collision Detection for Multi-axis Machine Tools by Integration of Disturbance Information (2016)

Tool collision must be detected with high response and reliability to reduce damage on machine-tool components. Several researches have proposed tool collision detection methods by monitoring a fluctuation in acceleration or force in collision direction with additional sensors. However, the installation of additional sensors is not desirable due to cost, machine-tool stiffness and failure rate. Moreover, these approaches do not focus on practical use of information in the other directions, although the collision-induced fluctuation can be observed not only in collision direction. This paper presents a tool collision detection method by applying disturbance observer theory and integrating the estimated collision force information in two axes. Furthermore, hotelling's T2 statistic is employed as a multivariate statistical process to the estimated collision force in the two directions. The proposed method successfully detects tool collision with higher response and reliability than that using only information in collision direction.