gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric transmittance measurements near 54 and 118 GHz (2002)

A zenith-scanning airborne imaging spectrometer, the Millimeter-wave Temperature Sounder (MTS), incorporating eight double-sideband channels centered around the 118.75-GHz oxygen resonance, was employed to measure atmospheric transmittances to space. Simultaneously, a zenith-viewing computer-controlled frequency-stepping spectrometer scanned roughly 3 GHz centered near 53.5 GHz. The observations were obtained continuously as a NASA ER-2 aircraft ascended to -20 km altitude and descended on multiple flights. Nearby radiosondes and air temperature and navigational data from the aircraft flight computer permit comparison of the radiometric data with theoretical transmittance expressions. Sensitivity of the measurements to aircraft altitude and attitude and to temperature and humidity profiles necessitates careful scrutiny of these data. The views of atmospheric radiance against the cosmic background provide sensitivity to conditions in the vicinity of the tropopause. Accurate calibration of the measurements through ascent and descent provides considerable challenges.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential preimplantation regulation of two mouse homologues of the yeast SWI2 protein (1998)

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression through modification of chromatin organization is an important mechanism in the development of eucaryotic organisms. We investigated the developmentally regulated expression of the mouse mBRG1 and mbrm genes, which are homologous to the yeast SWI2 gene. Both proteins are involved in chromatin remodeling as components of the mammalian SWI/SNF complex. The analysis was performed at a time in mouse development when the formation of a functional zygotic nucleus is closely linked to extensive chromatin modifications. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in mature oocytes and through the first cleavage stages showed that both genes were highly expressed as maternal products but that they subsequently exhibited considerable differences in their level of expression when the transition to zygotic transcription occurred. Immunodetection of the two proteins with specific antibodies paralleled the RT-PCR analysis. The mBRG1 protein was present throughout preimplantation development, whereas zygotic mbrm was clearly detectable only when differentiation first occurs at the blastocyst stage. At this stage, mbrm was restricted to the inner cell mass. Cell type-specific expression of mbrm was also observed after in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells. These results indicate that the two murine homologues of SWI2 have substantially different roles in chromatin organization during the onset of embryonic development.
Ultracapacitor Energy Management and Controller Developments for a Series-Parallel 2-by-2 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2007)

Ultracapacitors have many potential performance advantages over existing battery technologies for use in hybrid-vehicle applications, provided many integration and reliability disadvantages can be overcome. A novel ultracapacitor-only energy storage system has been developed for the University of Akron hybrid-electric vehicle, which uses a large sensor network and control strategy to mitigate these disadvantages. Limited in- vehicle testing has shown improvement over the previous battery system.
Prostaglandins in human cholesteatoma and granulation tissue. (1988)

Bone resorption is a common finding in chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma. The etiology of bone resorption in chronic otitis media is still not clear. Bone-resorbing activity of prostaglandins (PGs) has been well known. PGE-like material has been detected in granulation tissue. However, there have been no reports on the comprehensive study of PGs in cholesteatomas or granulation tissue. The purpose of this study is to show that PGs are synthesized in the middle ear tissue and to report concentrations of PGs in cholesteatomas and granulation tissue. Samples of cholesteatoma and granulation tissues were obtained at the time of tympanomastoidectomies. Prostaglandin synthesizing activity was determined by incubating tissue with labeled arachidonic acid (precursor of PGs) and radiochromatography. Levels of PGs were determined by radioimmunoassay. Arachidonic acid metabolites produced in cholesteatoma and granulation tissue included PGE2; 6-keto-PGF1 alpha; PGF2 alpha; PGD2; and 5-, 12-, and 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). Levels of PGE2 were 2.6 times higher in cholesteatoma (106.8 +/- 46 ng/g) than in granulation tissue (41.0 +/- 14.3 ng/g). Levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were two times higher in granulation tissue (89.0 +/- 27.0 ng/g) than in cholesteatoma. Levels of thromboxane B2 were two times higher in cholesteatoma than in granulation tissue. The results of this study demonstrate that cholesteatoma and granulation tissues actively synthesize PGs and contain high concentrations of them. Since PGs are locally active hormones, the presence of PGs indicates an active role for PGs in the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media with bone resorption.
Rhodium‐ and ruthenium‐catalysed hydrogen isotope exchange (2010)

Abstract Metal‐catalysed hydrogen isotope exchange has been widely used in the preparation of deuterium‐ and tritium‐labelled compounds. This review details the development and utility of homogeneous and heterogeneous rhodium and ruthenium catalysts for the preparation of deuterium‐ and tritium‐labelled compounds by hydrogen isotope exchange methodology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Some Anti-Inflammatory (NSAIDs) in Pharmaceutical Drugs (2016)

Determination of some Anti-Inflammatory (Ketoprofen (KP), Flurbiprofen (FP), and Diclofenac Sodium (DS)) in pharmaceutical drugs were carried out employing Reverse Phase of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic using isocratic separation. Separation was performed on an Enable C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) using ((1%) Triethylamine aqueous buffer adjust pH=2 by H3PO4 (85%): Methanol: Acetonitrile); (35: 20: 45 v\v%) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min. The wavelength detection was set at 220 nm. The linearity was observed over a concentration range of (0.05–200) μg/ml for RP-HPLC method (correlation coefficient=0.999). The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The relative standard deviation values for the method precision studies were 99%. The developed method was used successfully for the determination of Ketoprofen (KP), Flurbiprofen (FP) and Diclofenac Sodium (DS) in Tablets and Dry Powder for inject pharmaceutical formulations. Keywords: Ketoprofen (KP), Flurbirprofen (FP), Diclofenac Sodium (DS), Anti-Inflammatory, RP-HPLC.
A new framework topology in the dehydrated form of zeolite levyne (2013)

0003-004X/13/1112–2063$05.00/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4583 2063 A new framework topology in the dehydrated form of zeolite levyne Rossella Arletti1, Giovanna Vezzalini2, Simona Quartieri3, Fernando Cámara1 and Matteo Alvaro4,* 1Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino, via Valperga Caluso n. 35, 10125 Torino, Italy 2Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Giuseppe Campi, 183, 41125 Modena, Italy 3Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98122 Messina, Italy 4Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italy; and International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università G. d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy A bstract The thermoelastic behavior and structural evolution of a natural levyne-Ca [(Ca7.8 Na2.2K1.1)Σ11.1 Al20.0Si34.2O108⋅51.5H2O; R3m; a = 13.377(4) Å, c = 22.870(1) Å, V = 3544.1(3) Å3] were studied by both T-resolved synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction (SR-XRPD) between room temperature and 800 °C, and by conventional-source high-temperature single-crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Above 230 °C, water loss and reallocation of extraframework cations induce the straining and consequent breaking of T-O-T bridges in the D6R, with resulting migration of tetrahedral cations to new tetrahedral sites. The new tetrahedra share an edge with the previously occupied tetrahedra. This phenomenon gives rise to a new topology, which coexists to about 40%, with the original one. The new framework consists of a sequence of a novel zeolitic cage (described as a 20-hedron formed by fourteen 6mR and six 4mR) and two consecutive cancrinite cages along [0001]. This topology, which is reported in the database of the hypothetical zeolite structures as 166_2_293, belongs to the ABC-6 family and can be described by the following sequence of 6-rings: ABCBCACAB, to be compared with that of levyne AABCCABBC. In the new topology the extraframework cations are distributed over 3 new sites: one at the center of the 6mR ⊥ [0001] shared by the two cancrinite cages, one near the center of the 6mR ⊥ [0001] at the base of the new cage, and a last one in a 6mR window of the new cage. The 8mR bidimensional channel system originally present in levyne is therefore absent in the new topology and hence molecular diffusion is likely to be partially hindered in the dehydrated form. The phase transition is not completely reversible, at least in the short term, as only partial rehydration was demonstrated.
An Ethnographic Study of Mobile Videogames for English Vocabulary Development In Urban China (2019)

This study investigates the effectiveness of mobile video games for learning English language vocabulary among Chinese students in comparison with more standard electronic dictionary learning. This involved an ethnographic study of students in their natural learning environment which was followed by classroom testing of vocabulary proficiency. Results show that educational video games can both improve the student learning experience and student results when combined with traditional methods.
Alternative Splice Variants of α7β1Integrin Selectively Recognize Different Laminin Isoforms (2002)

The integrin alpha(7)beta(1) occurs in several cytoplasmic (alpha(7A), alpha(7B)) and extracellular splice variants (alpha(7X1), alpha(7X2)), which are differentially expressed during development of skeletal and heart muscle. The extracellular variants result from the alternative splicing of exons X1 and X2, corresponding to a segment within the putative ligand binding domain. To study the specificity and affinity of the X1/X2 variants to different laminin isoforms, soluble alpha(7)beta(1) complexes were prepared by recombinant coexpression of the extracellular domains of the alpha- and beta-subunits. The binding of these complexes to purified ligands was measured by solid phase binding assays. Surprisingly, the alternative splice variants revealed different and specific affinities to different laminin isoforms. While the alpha(7X2) variant bound much more strongly to laminin-1 than the alpha(7X1) variant, the latter showed a high affinity binding to laminins-8 and -10/11. Laminin-2, the major laminin isoform in skeletal muscle, was recognized by both variants, whereas none of the two variants were able to interact with laminin-5. A specific blocking antibody inhibited the binding of both variants to all laminins tested, indicating the involvement of common epitopes in alpha(7X1)beta(1) and alpha(7X2)beta(1). Because laminin-8 and -10/11 as well as alpha(7X1) are expressed in developing skeletal and cardiac muscle, these findings suggest that alpha(7X1)beta(1) may represent a physiological receptor with novel specificities for laminin-8 and -10.
Seismic migration: basic concepts and popular methods, Part 2 (1985)

Figure 7(a) shows three point diffractors located in a uniform medium. It would be convenient to choose these depths as multiples of z1. Then z2=2z1 and z3=3z1. Figure 7(b) is a schematic representation of the corresponding seismic section as one would obtain from field measurements along the surface of the ground (z = 0). As expected, the seismic response of the shallowest source is the narrowest of the three hyperbolas.
A Machine Learning Approach for Anomaly Detection in Industrial Control Systems Based on Measurement Data (2021)

Attack detection problems in industrial control systems (ICSs) are commonly known as a network traffic monitoring scheme for detecting abnormal activities. However, a network-based intrusion detection system can be deceived by attackers that imitate the system’s normal activity. In this work, we proposed a novel solution to this problem based on measurement data in the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. The proposed approach is called measurement intrusion detection system (MIDS), which enables the system to detect any abnormal activity in the system even if the attacker tries to conceal it in the system’s control layer. A supervised machine learning model is generated to classify normal and abnormal activities in an ICS to evaluate the MIDS performance. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed is developed to simulate the power generation units and exploit the attack dataset. In the proposed approach, we applied several machine learning models on the dataset, which show remarkable performances in detecting the dataset’s anomalies, especially stealthy attacks. The results show that the random forest is performing better than other classifier algorithms in detecting anomalies based on measured data in the testbed.
Wafer-scale growth of MoS<sub>2</sub>thin films by atomic layer deposition (2016)

The wafer-scale synthesis of MoS2 layers with precise thickness controllability and excellent uniformity is essential for their application in the nanoelectronics industry. Here, we demonstrate the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of MoS2 films with Mo(CO)6 and H2S as the Mo and S precursors, respectively. A self-limiting growth behavior is observed in the narrow ALD window of 155-175 °C. Long H2S feeding times are necessary to reduce the impurity contents in the films. The as-grown MoS2 films are amorphous due to the low growth temperature. Post-annealing at high temperatures under a H2S atmosphere efficiently improves the film properties including the crystallinity and chemical composition. An extremely uniform film growth is achieved even on a 4 inch SiO2/Si wafer. These results demonstrate that the current ALD process is well suited for the synthesis of MoS2 layers for application in industry.
Micro-encoder based on higher-order diffracted light interference (2005)

A micro-encoder based on higher-order diffracted light interference has been developed for use in high-precision positioning. It uses ±3-order diffracted beams to obtain interference fringes for displacement detection and provides six signal periods for moving the scale grating by one grating period (3.2 µm) without an interpolation electric circuit. This micro-encoder head includes a distributed feedback laser diode, edge-illuminated refracting-facet photodiodes, a pair of polyimide waveguides, each with a total internal reflection mirror, and a micro-grating that causes ±3-order beams, diffracted by the scale grating, to interfere coaxially. All of these components are on a micromachined Si optical bench (3 × 2 mm2).
Immunocomplexes down-modulate the induction of food allergy in mouse. (97.12) (2010)

Abstract Food allergy is an adverse Th2 response whose incidence has been increasing dramatically over the past decade. We have demonstrated that signaling triggered by immunocomplexes (IC) through CD16 (FcgRIII) in conjunction with TLR4 prime dendritic cells (DCs) to drive Th2 responses. To address our hypothesis that IgG plays a role in the pathogenesis of food allergy in a murine model, we investigated the contribution of CD16 signaling. Wild type (WT) or CD16-/- mice were sensitized by gavage for 8 weeks with SEB, SEB+OVA or SEB+OVA-IC and challenged on the 9th week. To analyze the systemic responses, blood eosinophilia and OVA-specific serum IgE and IgG1 levels were measured. We found that CD16-/- had reduced responses compared to WT, however, both SEB+OVA-IC-immunized WT and CD16-/- mice had lower responses compared to SEB+OVA immunized controls. To investigate the effect of IC in DC functions, naïve WT and CD16-/- BMDCs were stimulated with SEB with either OVA or OVA-IC, and DC maturation and survival were determined. Compared to SEB-OVA stimulation, SEB+OVA-IC-stimulated WT and CD16-/- BMDCs have similar maturation, but a decrease in late apoptotic cells. Our findings suggest that ICs down-regulate the allergic response in the gut of WT and CD16-/- mice leading to lower systemic responses, and yet preserves DC functions. Thus, IC might induce a regulatory network in the gut mucosal that allows sensitization, but fails to trigger an exacerbated inflammatory response.
Novel variations in the microstructure of the auxetic microporous ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene. Part 1: Processing and microstructure (2000)

Abstract Recent publications have detailed how auxetic (negative Poisson's ratio) polymers have been fabricated by a novel thermal processing route consisting of three welldefined stages—compaction, sintering and extrusion. In this paper, the compaction stage of the processing route is omitted and the effects of this on the structural integrity, microstructure and Poisson's ratios of the extrudates examined. The effects of varying the processing parameters of the sintering and extrusion stages are studied so that a set of conditions that produce a highly fibrillar auxetic material with sufficient structural integrity to allow mechanical properties to be evaluated can be defined. Poisson's ratios as low as −4 have been obtained.
Application of Resistivity-Tool-Response Modeling for Formation Evaluation (2011)

Understanding resistivity-tool response and resistivity-log interpretation for formation evaluation is vital for the matching of the reconstructed deep-reading resistivity logs with the field log curves. AAPG Archie 2 introduces the fundamental concepts required. Resistivity-logging-tool physics and measurement accuracy are reviewed, and forward- and inverse-modeling resistivity-tool responses are introduced. In the case studies presented, well-deviation, shoulder-bed, bed-thickness, borehole, mud-resistivity, and invasion effects on restivity-log responses are discussed. This volume has been written for geoscientists and engineers working with and interpreting resistivity logs, petrophysicists and reservoir engineers integrating resistivity-based and capillary-pressure-based quantitative calculation of formation water saturation, and formation evaluation specialists.
The existence of a duplicated or parallel genetic system for fertility restoration in cmsC of maize (Zea mays L.) (2019)

The inheritance of fertility restoration in cmsC in maize proved to be complex. Besides the group of three dominant complementary genes (Rf4, Rf5, Rf6), the data hitherto collected indicated that this system of fertility restoration in cmsC was not unique. Using the group of inbred lines in C-cytoplasm, converted to full restorers, as female testers for the group of inbreds known as restorers fo cmsC, we found cases of segregation in F2 generations in ratio of 15:1 male fertility to male sterile plants respectively. At the same time, the male sterile segregants did not appear in any of the two backcrosses, what was actually the crucial criterion for 'absolute restorerness' of the crossed parents. This situation is possible only if fertility restoration of the two paretns used in crosses was based on different genetic systems. This second one, here discovered, could be a duplication, partial or complete, of the previously described one, or a parallel and independent genetic device for fertility restoration in cmsC.
Building a design support tool for superscalar processors and its case studies (2001)

Abstract We will describe Paratool, a support tool to efficiently design superscalar processors, and its case studies. Paratool is a software tool that predicts performance of superscalar processors being designed, using execution traces on a sequential processor, and it runs on a sequential processor. It can measure almost all microarchitectures for superscalar processors. It can measure an ideal microarchitecture, whose resources are limitless. Furthermore, we will describe the result of case studies and report findings designers tend to overlook. This support tool is useful not only for architecture design, but also for tuning of compilers/application software and education in universities. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(12): 67–79, 2001
Capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas using solid regenerable sorbents (2004)

Carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels are a significant factor in global climate change. Large stationary sources such as coal-fired electric generating plants are likely to be the most cost-effective targets for carbon dioxide capture. At present, liquid amine-based scrubbing systems are the only processes available for this application. Processes based on regenerable solids that absorb carbon dioxide from flue gas and release it in concentrated form have the potential to be less expensive to operate. This paper summarises the results of studies conducted at RTI and Louisiana State University (LSU) to investigate the feasibility of using sodium or potassium carbonate as a sorbent. Upon reaction with carbon dioxide and water (also present in flue gas), this material is converted to sodium or potassium bicarbonate. Upon heating (ideally with low grade heat from the generating plant), carbon dioxide and water vapour are released and the solid carbonate can be reused. Work to date has focused on thermogravimetry (TG) and bench scale fluidised-bed testing, as well as characterisation of materials and thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. TG studies with sodium carbonate have indicated that the sorption reaction takes place rapidly at approximately 60°C and that the sorbent can be regenerated at temperatures less than 120°C. A five-cycle test conducted in a bench scale fluid bed reactor system indicated that the sorbent could be regenerated and reused. The process implications of compound salts and hydrates in the sodium carbonate system on the useful capacity of the sorbent and heat removal requirements were also investigated.
Comparison of Two Major Forms of the <i>Shigella</i> Virulence Plasmid pINV: Positive Selection Is a Major Force Driving the Divergence (2003)

All Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) strains carry a 230-kb virulence plasmid (pINV) which is essential for their invasiveness. There are two sequence forms, pINV A and pINV B, of the plasmid (R. Lan, B. Lumb, D. Ryan, and P. R. Reeves, Infect. Immun. 69:6303-6309, 2001), and the recently sequenced pINV plasmid from Shigella flexneri serotype 5 is a pINV B form. In this study we sequenced the majority of the coding region of the pINV A form from S. flexneri serotype 6 other than insertion sequence or related sequences and compared it with the pINV B form. More than half of the genes sequenced appear to be under positive selection based on their low ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous substitutions. This high proportion of selected differences indicates that the two pINV forms have functional differences, and comparative studies of pathogenicity in different Shigella-EIEC strains could be informative. There are also genes absent in the S. flexneri serotype 6 plasmid, including the sepA gene encoding serine protease, the major secreted protein of S. flexneri serotype 2a, and the stbAB genes, which encode one of the two partition systems found in S. flexneri serotype 5. The incompatibility of the two pINV forms appears to be due to either small differences in the mvpAT postsegregational killing system or the presence of an unknown system in pINVA.