gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modern Transmission Line Theory and Applications (1980)

Presents the latest methods for properly considering transmission line effects as well as the calculation of transmission line properties as a function of materials and geometries. Emphasizes properties of stripline and microstrip circuits, explaining that at high enough frequencies, almost every interconnection in a circuit will exhibit transmission line properties. ., that, if these circuits are to be well designed, the transmission lines in the circuit must be appropriately treated as part of the circuit . .and that it is no longer possible to separate the transmission line user from the transmission line designer--not only are the lines present, but their properties are functions of the circuit layout itself. Requires an understanding of distributed circuits, wave propagation, and the constant interplay between field variables and circuit variables that takes place in all distributed circuits at high frequencies.
β-Keto Sulfoxides. II. Transformations Giving Sulfur-Free Products<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTβ-Keto Sulfoxides. II. Transformations Giving Sulfur-Free Products1Glen A. Russell and Gerard J. MikolCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 23, 5498–5504Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00975a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views580Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (960 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tissue microarray analysis reveals prognostic significance of syndecan‐1 expression in prostate cancer (2003)

The results of this TMA study confirm a dominant prognostic significance of Gleason grading and Ki67 LI in prostate cancer, as compared to a less pronounced role of Bcl-2, and p53. We identified syndecan-1 as a new prognostic factor and provide evidence for an androgen-dependent regulation of CD-10 expression.
Cloud-based application development platform for secure, intelligent, interlinked and interactive infrastructure (2013)

This paper presents a cloud-based secure, intelligent, interlinked and interactive application development platform that is able to collect and transmit information from a variety of data sources across multiple wireless communication systems. The platform is called S4I and it is based on a three layer scalable architecture, facilitating communication interoperability. Web-based applications, hosted on cloud servers, can be developed and customized according to the client's needs and accessed by the end user from anywhere in the world. The S4I platform brings major achievements to the wireless cloud-based communication and interoperability.
Polyurethane Leads: Facts and Controversy (1983)

A comparison of polyurethane and silicone cardiac pacing leads is presented. In comparing mechanical and electrical properties, friction coefficient and hydrolytic stability, both are highly qualified for use as electrode sheaths. The occurrence of surface cracking of polyurethane leads is examined. Several suggestions are proposed for dealing with the manufacture of new leads, the technique of implantation, and the follow-up required for successful surveillance.
Reinforcement Learning with Human Teachers: Understanding How People Want to Teach Robots (2006)

While reinforcement learning (RL) is not traditionally designed for interactive supervisory input from a human teacher, several works in both robot and software agents have adapted it for human input by letting a human trainer control the reward signal. In this work, we experimentally examine the assumption underlying these works, namely that the human-given reward is compatible with the traditional RL reward signal. We describe an experimental platform with a simulated RL robot and present an analysis of real-time human teaching behavior found in a study in which untrained subjects taught the robot to perform a new task. We report three main observations on how people administer feedback when teaching a robot a task through reinforcement learning: (a) they use the reward channel not only for feedback, but also for future-directed guidance; (b) they have a positive bias to their feedback -possibly using the signal as a motivational channel; and (c) they change their behavior as they develop a mental model of the robotic learner. In conclusion, we discuss future extensions to RL to accommodate these lessons
Eye-Tracking System for Computer-Assisted Photocoagulation (1991)

ABSTRACT An eye-tracking system is described in which a computer interfaced with the driving circuit of the laser deflection mirror in the slit lamp is used to automatically lock a laser beam to specific targets during photocoagulation.
Evaluating an XPath Query on a Streaming XML Document (2005)

We present an efficient algorithm for evaluating an XPath query Q (involving only child and descendant axes) on a streaming XML document D. Previously known in-memory algorithms for XPath evaluation use O(|D|) space and O(|Q||D|) time. Several previous al-gorithms for the streaming version use Θ(dn+c) space and Θ(dn|D|) time in the worst case; d is the depth of D, n is the number of location steps in Q, and c is the maximum number of candidate elements for output at any one time. In the worst case, the exponential Θ(dn) space alone could well exceed the O(|D|) space used by the in-memory algorithms. Our algorithm uses O(d|Q|+cn) space and O((|Q|+d+n2)|D|) time in the worst case. So, our algorithm is runtime competitive with the in-memory algorithms, while using much less memory space. 1
Layered Nanocomposites of Aggregated Dyes and Inorganic Scaffolding (2002)

Layer-by-layer thin films were prepared by the alternate deposition of clay particles and ionic organic compounds from solution onto a rigid support. The organic component comprised a monomeric cyanine dye or poly-l-lysine with the same cyanine chromophore appended to it, a dye polymer. Physical measurements indicated that layers of the organic and inorganic materials could be deposited alternately in a repeated fashion with each layer only one to two nanometers thick. Within the film structure the cyanine chromophore exhibits J-aggregate spectroscopic properties, either as the result of adsorption to the clay in the case of the monomeric dye or because it preexisted in this form in the case of the dye polymer. This composite assembly can potentially serve as a model for a light-harvesting photoantenna system. We attempted to demonstrate that by capping the multilayer film with another layer of a different cyanine dye, whose J aggregate absorption band overlapped the fluorescence wavelength of the dye incorporated into the film, acting as an excitation energy donor. Efficient energy transfer was demonstrated for films containing no more than four dye layers for the monomeric donor dye or six layers for the polymeric donor dye. However, close examination of the absorption spectra of the donor−acceptor systems reveals that an interaction appears to occur in the assembly that results in excess acceptor dye being incorporated into the film. This raises the possibility that the acceptor dye penetrates into the film and mixes into the donor dye layers, calling into question whether long-range energy transfer occurs due to an antenna effect.
Influence of an extrinsic crosslink on the folding pathway of ribonuclease A. Conformational and thermodynamic analysis of crosslinked (7-lysine, 41-lysine)-ribonuclease A (1984)

A cross-linked ribonuclease A derivative, Lys7-dinitrophenylene-Lys41-ribonuclease A, has been prepared and characterized for ultimate use in protein-folding experiments. Immunochemical assays and spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that the introduction of this artificial cross-link does not perturb the native conformation of ribonuclease A. The cross-linked protein exhibited a reversible thermal transition with Tm = 53 degrees C at pH 2.0, which is 25 degrees C higher than that of unmodified ribonuclease A under the same conditions. The denatured form of the cross-linked ribonuclease A has a conformational chemical potential that is 4.9 kcal/mol higher than that of the denatured form of unmodified ribonuclease A at 40 degrees C and pH 2.0, assuming that the cross-linked and the unmodified proteins have the same conformational chemical potential in the native conformation. This is in good agreement with a theoretical value of 5.2 kcal/mol, calculated from the reduction of chain entropy of the denatured form upon introduction of the extrinsic cross-link. Thus, it is concluded that the extrinsic cross-link between Lys7 and Lys41, formed by the dinitrophenylene group, does not affect the native conformation of ribonuclease A but destabilizes the denatured conformation, probably by decreasing its chain entropy.
Steady-state stimulated Raman scattering by a multimode laser (1980)

The development of the Stokes spectrum and the dependence of Raman gain upon pump laser bandwidth in a narrow linewidth Raman medium are analyzed in terms of a closed set of multimode equations. The analysis predicts that the Stokes gain coefficient takes on its maximum value, which is independent of bandwidth, when the Stokes spectrum replicates the pump spectrum. It is also shown that in the absence of dispersion the spectrum of a weak Stokes wave is driven to duplicate the pump spectrum, and that for noise input the average power generated in the Stokes wave is independent of the pump bandwidth.
An effective acute graft‐vs.‐host disease prophylaxis with minidose methotrexate, cyclosporine, and single‐dose methylprednisolone (1991)

Cyclosporine and methotrexate at standard doses (15 mg/m2 on day 1 and 10 mg/m2 on days 3, 6, and 11, total 45 mg/m2) are effective in the prophylaxis of acute graft-vs.-host disease. However, the combination has significant early toxicities with delayed engraftment, increased mucositis, and hepatotoxicity. We modified the combination by adding single-dose methylprednisolone and lowered the total dose of methotrexate to 35 mg/m2 (5 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, and 6, and then 10 mg/m2 on days 11 and 18) and then to 20 mg/m2 (5 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, 6, and 11) in an attempt to decrease these side effects in two sequential consecutive groups of patients. We demonstrated that the modified regimens maintained the efficacy with reduced toxicities. The rate of engraftment was comparable to cyclosporine alone and the hepatotoxicity was reduced with reduced doses of methotrexate. Factors such as early immunosuppression of the host, intravenous immunoglobulin, the timing of steroid administration, nucleotide free diet and germ free environment may contribute to the effectiveness of the combination and permit reduction of methotrexate dose.
Deep Imbalanced Attribute Classification using Visual Attention Aggregation (2018)

For many computer vision applications, such as image description and human identification, recognizing the visual attributes of humans is an essential yet challenging problem. Its challenges originate from its multi-label nature, the large underlying class imbalance and the lack of spatial annotations. Existing methods follow either a computer vision approach while failing to account for class imbalance, or explore machine learning solutions, which disregard the spatial and semantic relations that exist in the images. With that in mind, we propose an effective method that extracts and aggregates visual attention masks at different scales. We introduce a loss function to handle class imbalance both at class and at an instance level and further demonstrate that penalizing attention masks with high prediction variance accounts for the weak supervision of the attention mechanism. By identifying and addressing these challenges, we achieve state-of-the-art results with a simple attention mechanism in both PETA and WIDER-Attribute datasets without additional context or side information.
Presynaptic CaV3.2 Channels Regulate Excitatory Neurotransmission in Nociceptive Dorsal Horn Neurons (2012)

It is generally accepted that presynaptic transmitter release is mainly regulated by subtypes of neuronal high-voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels. Here for the first time, we examined the role of T-type Ca(2+) channels (T-channels) in synaptic transmission in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord using patch-clamp recordings from acute spinal cord preparations from both rat and mouse. We found that selective pharmacological antagonism of T-channels inhibited spontaneous synaptic release of glutamate in superficial laminae I-II of the DH, while GABA release was spared. We found similar effect in identified nociceptive projection neurons of lamina I of the DH, but not in inhibitory DH interneurons. In comparison, antagonism of T-channels did not affect excitatory transmission in deeper non-nociceptive DH laminae. Furthermore, we used isoform-specific agents, knock-out mice and immunohistochemistry to specifically implicate presynaptic Ca(V)3.2 channels. We also used an animal model of painful diabetic neuropathy to demonstrate that blocking T-channels in superficial DH neurons suppressed spontaneous excitatory synaptic transmission in diabetic rats in greater degree than in healthy age-matched animals. These studies provide previously unknown information regarding the role of presynaptic T-channels in nociceptive signaling in the spinal cord.
Robust Positioning Systems in the Presence of Outliers Under Weak GPS Signal Conditions (2011)

In this paper, two epoch-by-epoch robust positioning techniques for global positioning system (GPS) are proposed to deal with the problem of positioning in weak signal conditions in which the probability of outlier in signal acquisition is larger than zero. We propose to accept outliers into the positioning algorithm, however, in this case either robust estimation or outlier detection must be used to overcome the devastating effect of such outliers on traditional positioning algorithms. In order to improve the sensitivity of a GPS receiver, we propose to use novel methods that are able to deal with the problem of estimating the position of a receiver based on pseudo-ranging measurements that are contaminated by outliers. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed techniques in terms of success rate of the algorithms in finding the correct solution, when there are a different number of outliers in ranging measurements from satellites.
Dietary nitrate attenuates oxidative stress, prevents cardiac and renal injuries, and reduces blood pressure in salt-induced hypertension (2010)

Dietary inorganic nitrate is strongly protective in this model of renal and cardiovascular disease. Future studies will reveal if nitrate contributes to the well-known cardioprotective effects of a diet rich in vegetables.
Expression of lipopolysaccharide O antigen in Escherichia coli K-12 hybrids containing plasmid and chromosomal genes from Shigella dysenteriae 1 (1984)

The requirement for both plasmid and chromosomal genes in the biosynthesis of Shigella dysenteriae 1 lipopolysaccharide O antigen was demonstrated in Escherichia coli-Shigella hybrids. A 6-megadalton S. dysenteriae 1 plasmid, designated pWR23, was phenotypically tagged with the Tn3 ampicillin-resistance transposon. The tagged plasmid, designated pWR24, was transferred by transformation or conjugal mobilization to a rough E. coli K-12 recipient. Although the resultant hybrids were agglutinated in S. dysenteriae 1 antiserum, they did not remove all of the anti-Shiga agglutinins in absorption experiments. Modified lipid A core structure was detected in these hybrids, but Shiga O antigen was not expressed. When the his+ locus of the S. dysenteriae 1 chromosome was transferred by transduction to E. coli K-12 containing pWR24, complete Shiga O antigen was expressed. Lipopolysaccharide extracted from these hybrids was indistinguishable chemically, electrophoretically, and serologically from native S. dysenteriae 1 lipopolysaccharide.
Odorant binding proteins: a biotechnological tool for odour control (2013)

The application of an odorant binding protein for odour control and fragrance delayed release from a textile surface was first explored in this work. Pig OBP-1 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified protein was biochemically characterized. The IC₅₀ values (concentrations of competitor that caused a decay of fluorescence to half-maximal intensity) were determined for four distinct fragrances, namely, citronellol, benzyl benzoate, citronellyl valerate and ethyl valerate. The results showed a strong binding of citronellyl valerate, citronellol and benzyl benzoate to the recombinant protein, while ethyl valerate displayed weaker binding. Cationized cotton substrates were coated with porcine odorant binding protein and tested for their capacity to retain citronellol and to mask the smell of cigarette smoke. The immobilized protein delayed the release of citronellol when compared to the untreated cotton. According to a blind evaluation of 30 assessors, the smell of cigarette smoke, trapped onto the fabrics' surface, was successfully attenuated by porcine odorant binding protein (more than 60 % identified the weakest smell intensity after protein exposure compared to β-cyclodextrin-treated and untreated cotton fabrics). This work demonstrated that porcine odorant binding protein can be an efficient solution to prevent and/or remove unpleasant odours trapped on the large surface of textiles. Its intrinsic properties make odorant binding proteins excellent candidates for controlled release systems which constitute a new application for this class of proteins.
Low Cost Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Alloys with High B_s and Ultra-Low Core Loss (2010)

Recent research progress of FeCuSiB(P) Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys with high Bs(1.8～1.94 T) and better core loss than that of highly oriented silicon steel when Bm value is from 1.5 T to 1.7 T are reviewed briefly in this paper.
Recording characteristics of submicron discrete magnetic tracks (1987)

Discrete magnetic tracks with widths as narrow as 0.5 μm have been formed by etching the surface of Co-alloy film disks. Transitions can be written and read back from widely spaced discrete tracks using conventional heads. A linear variation of pulse area with track width is observed for isolated pulses. Noise measurements for tracks that are either dc erased or written with transition densities up to 3000 flux reversals/mm show a linear variation of media noise with (track width) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> , in agreement with the behavior expected for media noise uncorrelated across the width of the track.
Proteases and Protease Inhibitors of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetic Nephropathy (2015)

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and, ultimately, is the main cause for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Beyond urinary albumin, no reliable biomarkers are available for accurate early diagnostics. Urinary extracellular vesicles (UEVs) have recently emerged as an interesting source of diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers. Here we used a protease and respective protease inhibitor array to profile urines of type 1 diabetes patients at different stages of kidney involvement. Urine samples were divided into groups based on the level of albuminuria and UEVs isolated by hydrostatic dialysis and screened for relative changes of 34 different proteases and 32 protease inhibitors, respectively. Interestingly, myeloblastin and its natural inhibitor elafin showed an increase in the normo- and microalbuminuric groups. Similarly, a characteristic pattern was observed in the array of protease inhibitors, with a marked increase of cystatin B, natural inhibitor of cathepsins L, H, and B as well as of neutrophil gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in the normoalbuminuric group. This study shows for the first time the distinctive alterations in comprehensive protease profiles of UEVs in diabetic nephropathy and uncovers intriguing mechanistic, prognostic, and diagnostic features of kidney damage in diabetes.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF THE MONO‐ AND DIALKALI SALTS OF DIMETHYL SULFONE, DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1974)

Abstract Die Behandlung von Dimethylsulfon (I) mit 2,2 Äquivalenten Lithiumamid (II) in flüssigem Ammoniak ergibt das Dilithiosalz (III), das sich durch anschließende Kondensation mit 2 Äquivalenten Benzophenon (IV) in 80 %iger Ausbeute ins Bis‐(hydroxysulfon) (V) überführen läßt. Änliche Ergebnisse werden mit Natrium‐ bzw.Kaliumamid erzielt.
A International Comparative Study on the Models of TVET Grouping (2008)

TVET Grouping is one of focuses on current vocational education reform and connotation construction.It bases on the industry rule and introduces enterprise collectivization models into vocational education,and extends the connotation so as to rely on vocations and unite corporations,and close the relationship between schools and corporations,which can conform the educational resources and realize the resource sharing as to promote vocational education to be better,stronger and more superior.In China,the TVET Grouping is at the stage of exploring.When we scan over the world,we find that some countries and regions have achieved a lot in TVET Grouping and got important experience,and have found successful TVET Grouping models which are suitable for their country or region.
The Development of P/M Complicated Shape Helical Gears (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recently, powder metal parts have been used in a lot of automobiles. One typical powder metal part is a helical gear. Compacting helical gears is much different from conventional compacting, because a part of the tool rotates on its own axis. The important points are as follows: (1) how to guide the upper punch into a die smoothly and to fit in it, (2) how to rotate the die/punch smoothly in order that the part of gear trains may not be broken by twisting stress during pressing process and (3) how to prevent green compacts from having crack/lamination. The larger the helix angle, the more difficult its compacting. The compacting of complicated shapes such as helical gears with an irregular shape or another helical gear is more difficult.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Powder metal helical gears are produced because powder metal is suitable for mass production at low cost. Most powder metal helical gears are simple shapes such as helical gears only outside or inside. The conventional tool set consists of a die and a corerod and an upper punch and a lower punch. A die or corerod and upper punch rotates on its own axis.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reports the development of powder metal complicated shape helical gears. This reports the principle of helical gear compaction in the first section and the development of tool set and tool shape and manufacturing process of complicated shape helical gears in the second section.</div>