gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanotheranostics: Emerging Strategies for Early Diagnosis and Therapy of Brain Cancer (2017)

Nanotheranostics have demonstrated the development of advanced platforms that can diagnose brain cancer at early stages, initiate first-line therapy, monitor it, and if needed, rapidly start subsequent treatments. In brain nanotheranostics, therapeutic as well as diagnostic entities are loaded in a single nanoplatform, which can be further developed as a clinical formulation for targeting various modes of brain cancer. In the present review, we concerned about theranostic nanosystems established till now in the research field. These include gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymeric nanoparticles, upconversion nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles and dendrimers for the advanced detection and treatment of brain cancer with advanced features. Also, we included the role of three-dimensional models of the BBB and cancer stem cell concept for the advanced characterization of nanotheranostic systems for the unification of diagnosis and treatment of brain cancer. In future, brain nanotheranostics will be able to provide personalized treatment which can make brain cancer even remediable or at least treatable at the primary stages.
Clearance of Beta-2-Microglobulin and Middle Molecules in Haemodiafiltration (2007)

Middle molecules, consisting mostly of peptides and small proteins with molecular weight the range of 500-60,000 Da, accumulate in renal failure and contribute to the uraemic toxic state. Beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG) with a molecular weight of 11,000 is considered representative of these middle molecules. These solutes are not well cleared by low-flux dialysis. High-flux dialysis will clear middle molecules, partly by internal filtration. This convective component of high-flux dialysis can be enhanced in a predictable way by haemodiafiltration (HDF). The convective and diffusive clearance rates of any middle molecule across any haemodiafilter can be predicted from known or measurable factors such as its sieving coefficient, bound fraction and molecular weight. The removal of middle molecules is also influenced by factors within the patient. Beta2-MG is distributed within the extracellular fluid. During HDF, beta2-MG must transfer into the intravascular compartment across the capillary walls. This transcapillary transfer at a rate of approximately 100 ml/min slows beta2-MG removal from the body. Continuing transfer after the end of a treatment session results in a significant rebound of beta2-MG levels. This intercompartment transfer and its effect on beta2-MG clearance and concentration can be predicted by a 2-compartment model. By extrapolation, the behaviour of other middle molecules can be predicted. The 2-compartment model, which takes non-dialytic beta2-MG clearance at a rate of 3 ml/min and beta2-MG generation at a rate of 0.1 mg/min into account, can predict the effect of any HDF schedule on beta2-MG levels. Low-flux dialysis results in a beta2-MG level of around 40 mg/l. Three times weekly, 4-hour HDF can reduce beta2-MG levels to around 20 mg/l. Long (nocturnal) HDF can reduce beta2-MG levels to around 10 mg/l, compared to physiological levels of less than 5 mg/l.
Prediction of lean body mass from height and weight (1966)

Lean body mass, calculated from the measurement of total body water using antipyrine space, was estimated in 29 males and 27 females. It was found that the lean body mass could be predicted from the height and weight, and formulae for both males and females have been produced with multiple correlation coefficients (r) of 0.96 and 0.83 respectively.
Zn(tmp)<sub>2</sub>:  A Versatile Base for the Selective Functionalization of C−H Bonds (2007)

Zn(tmp)2 (tmp = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl anion) is an effective base for the mild deprotonation of a broad range of substrates. Functionalized organozincs thus prepared are conveniently coupled with aryl bromides using typical Pd-catalyzed coupling methods.
Polygonal curves of assistant torque characteristic design for electric power steering system (2011)

To solve how to design assistant torque characteristic for Electric Power Steering (EPS), polygonal curves of assistant torque were developed based according to assistant torque characteristic rules. The new method focused on designing slope coefficient and turning point coordinates which determined polygonal curves shape absolutely. The less turning point coordinates were the better assistant torque performance the vehicle had. With the vehicle speed accelerating, the more the turning point coordinates were, the better the road feel drivers had. The results indicated that the polygonal curves of assistant torque characteristic could relieve the contradictions between the steering agility and the road feel.
Conditions that Promote Production of Lactic Acid by Zymomonas mobilis in Batch and Continuous Culture (1998)

This study documents the similar pH-dependent shift in pyruvate metabolism exhibited by Zymomonas mobilis ATCC 29191 and ATCC 39676 in response to controlled changes in their steady-state growth environment. The usual high degree of ethanol selectivity associated with glucose fermentation by Z. mobilis is associated with conditions that promote rapid and robust growth, with about 95% of the substrate (5% w/v glucose) being converted to ethanol and CO2, and the remaining 5% being used for the synthesis of cell mass. Conditions that promote energetic uncoupling cause the conversion efficiency to increase to 98% as a result of the reduction in growth yield (cell mass production). Under conditions of glucose-limited growth in a chemostat, with the pH controlled at 6.0, the conversion efficiency was observed to decrease from 95% at a specific growth rate of 0.2/h to only 80% at 0.042/h. The decrease in ethanol yield was solely attributable to the pH-dependent shift in pyruvate metabolism, resulting in the production of lactic acid as a fermentation byproduct. At a dilution rate (D) of 0.042/h, decreasing from pH 6.0 to 5.5 resulted in a decrease in lactic acid from 10.8 to 7.5 g/L. Lactic acid synthesis depended on the presence of yeast extract (YE) or tryptone in the 5% (w/v) glucose-mineral salts medium. At D = 0.15/h, reduction in the level of YE from 3 to 1 g/L caused a threefold decrease in the steady-state concentration of lactic acid at pH 6. No lactic acid was produced with the same mineral salts medium, with ammonium chloride as the sole source of assimilable nitrogen. With the defined salts medium, the conversion efficiency was 98% of theoretical maximum. When chemostat cultures were used as seed for pH-stat batch fermentations, the amount of lactic acid produced correlated well with the activity of the chemostat culture; however, the mechanism of this prolonged induction effect is unknown. The levels of lactic acid produced by Z. mobilis in this study have not been previously reported. Zymomonas is Gram-negative, and at no time did microscopic inspection of lactic-acid-producing cultures indicate the presence of Gram-positive organisms. Although these observations are very preliminary in nature, they have implications for the regulation of glycolytic flux in Zymomonas, and demonstrate the possibility of an alternative fate for pyruvate previously presumed not to exist.
Efficient regeneration of Brassica napus L. hypocotyls and genetic transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (2005)

An efficient system for shoot regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer into Brassica napus was developed through the modification of the culture conditions. Different concentrations of benzyladenine (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mg dm-3) and thidiazuron (0.0, 0.15 and 0.30 mg dm-3) were evaluated for shoot regeneration of 7, 14 and 21-d-old hypocotyl explants. Maximum shoot regeneration frequency was obtained in 21-d-old explants using 4.5 mg dm-3 benzyladenine and 0.3 mg dm-3 thidiazuron. Under above culture condition, the highest percentage of shoot regeneration frequency was 200 %. Agrobacterium-infected explants grown on the selection medium gave rise to transgenic shoots at a frequency of 11.8 %. Transformed shoots rooted when cultured on a medium supplemented with 2 mg dm-3 of indolebutyric acid and 10 mg dm-3 kanamycin. The rooted plantlets were successfully established in the soil and developed fertile flowers and viable seeds. Evidences for transformation were confirmed by GUS assay and PCR analysis.
Virtual Reality Graphics in a Clinical Assessment of Concussion (2008)

North American Brain Injury Society's Sixth Annual Conference on Brain Injury: October 2–4, 2008, New Orleans, Louisiana: Abstract
The Analysis And Design Of Harmonic Gear Drives (2005)

Harmonic gear drive, a compact mechanical device producing high mechanical advantage and speed reduction, has been used to accurately position the arms and wrists of robots. This device, operating on the principle of nonrigid body mechanicsr has been found to have positioning errors. Such errors, inherent in the drive, adversely affect the performance. In this paper, a kinematic model is developed to analyze the positioning errors. Error curves, based on most common harmonic gear drive geometry, are presented. Design guidelines are also provided for the minimization of positioning errors. It is hoped that the results would be useful for the rational design of harmonic gear drives.
Norbornadiene–quadricyclane — an effective molecular system for the storage of solar energy (1991)

The results of studies on intramolecular interconversions in systems of norbornadiene quadricyclane and their derivatives are classified and discussed. The mechanisms of the forward photoreaction and reverse thermal process in relation to the nature of the substituents and carbocycles, type of sensitiser and catalyst, and properties of the medium are discussed in detail and classified. An analysis is made of the influence of these factors on the spectroscopic, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties of this system as an accumulator and converter of light energy. Methods of improving its characteristics — light absorption, the quantum yield of the photoreaction, and stability of the photoproduct — have been established. The bibliography includes 188 references.
A Study on Low-Cost Calibration Kits for U.FL Connector Systems (2019)

This paper presents a comparison between the use of custom-made, low-cost, U.FL-based, Short-Open-Load-Thru (SOLT) and Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration kits for Vector Network Analyzers (VNA). Due to the nearly complete absence of industry standard calibration kits employing U.FL, it is important to evaluate the accuracy of custom-made kits and their viability. The SOLT and TRL calibration kits tested were designed and constructed using a standard PCB corrosion process. Measurements and comparisons are made using off-the-shelf components with manufacturer scattering parameters, and printed-circuit-board (PCB) inductors electromagnetic (EM) simulations. The two-tier TRL calibration using the custom-made TRL kit presented generally better results than its SOLT counterpart from 400 MHz up to 2 GHz.
Automatic Generation of Facial Expression Using Triangular Geometric Deformation (2014)

This paper presents an image deformation algorithm and constructs an automatic facial expression generation systemto generate new facial expressions in neutral state. After the users input the face image in a neutral state into thesystem, the system separates the possible facial areas and the image background by skin color segmentation. It thenuses the morphological operation to remove noise and to capture the organs of facial expression, such as the eyes,mouth, eyebrow, and nose. The feature control points are labeled according to the feature points (FPs) defined byMPEG-4. After the designation of the deformation expression, the system also increases the image correction pointsbased on the obtained FP coordinates. The FPs are utilized as image deformation units by triangular segmentation.The triangle is split into two vectors. The triangle points are regarded as linear combinations of two vectors, and thecoefficients of the linear combinations correspond to the triangular vectors of the original image. Next, thecorresponding coordinates are obtained to complete the image correction by image interpolation technology togenerate the new expression. As for the proposed deformation algorithm, 10 additional correction points aregenerated in the positions corresponding to the FPs obtained according to MPEG-4. Obtaining the correction pointswithin a very short operation time is easy. Using a particular triangulation for deformation can extend the material areawithout narrowing the unwanted material area, thus saving the filling material operation in some areas.
Values, Predicaments, and Countermeasures for a Model Combining Learning with Working in Higher Vocational Education (2015)

Abstract:Combining learning with working is a fundamental way to deepen teaching reform in higher vocational education. Based on an analysis of the social value, individual value, educational value, and current predicaments of higher vocational education, this article explores effective ways to realize the value of this talent development model and proposes using school–enterprise interest communities as a breakthrough point to promote cooperation between education institutions and companies.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene Bsr I polymorphism is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (2004)

The purpose of this study was to determine if epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene polymorphism was a marker of susceptibility to or severity of Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Taiwan. The study included 119 Chinese patients with SLE. One hundred unrelated healthy individuals living in central Taiwan served as control subjects. Polymorphisms of the EGFR Bsr I gene were typed from genomic DNA. The genotypes, allelic frequencies and carriage rates were compared between SLE patients and control subjects. The relationship between allelic frequencies and clinical manifestations of SLE was evaluated. For the genotype of EGFR gene Bsr I polymorphism, there was statistically significant differences between the SLE and control groups (chi-squared test, P = 0.009, chi2 = 9.21). In addition, there was significant association between the two groups in allelic frequency of the T allele (P = 0.02, chi2 = 5.27). However, we did not detect any association between EGFR genotype and clinical or laboratory profiles in SLE patients. The results suggest that the EGFR gene Bsr I polymorphism is related to SLE.
Photonic band-gap structures of core-shell simple cubic crystals from holographic lithography (2006)

We report the investigation of photonic band-gap properties of a core-shell simple cubic structure (air core with a dielectric shell) using a two-parameter level-set approach. The proposed structure can be obtained by partially backfilling high refractive index materials into a polymeric template fabricated by multibeam interference lithography. We find that the shell formation in the inverted simple cubic structure increases the complete photonic band-gap width by 10%–20% in comparison to that of a completely filled structure. The band gap between the fifth and sixth bands begins to appear at a refractive index contrast of 2.7. This study suggests the importance to investigate the core-shell formation in three-dimensional photonic crystals through backfilling, which may offer an additional control over their photonic band-gap properties.
Latent variable crossover for k-tablet structures and its application to lens design problems (2005)

This paper presents the Real-coded Genetic Algorithms for high-dimensional ill-scaled structures, what is called, the k-tablet structure. The k-tablet structure is the landscape that the scale of the fitness function is different between a k-dimensional subspace and the orthogonal (n−k)-dimensional subspace. The search speed of traditional GAs degrades when a high dimensional k-tablet structure is included in the landscape of the fitness function. In this structure, offspring generated by crossovers are likely to spread wider region than the region where the parental population covers and this causes the stagnation of the search. To resolve this problem, we propose a new crossover LUNDX-m using only m-dimensional latent variables. The effectiveness of the proposal method is tested with several benchmark functions including k-tablet structures and we show that our proposed method performs better than traditional crossovers especially when the dimensionality n is higher than 100. As an example of a k-tablet structure in real world applications, we show that the lens design problem has a kind of k-tablet structures and that our proposed method also performs better than conventional crossovers in this problem.
Involvement of Rho-Kinase in Agonists-Induced Contractions of Arteriosclerotic Human Arteries (2002)

Coronary artery spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of ischemic heart diseases. We have recently demonstrated that Rho-kinase plays a key role in the spasm in our porcine model. However, it remains to be elucidated whether Rho-kinase–mediated pathway also contributes to vasoconstriction of human arteries. From 15 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass operation, segments of isolated left internal thoracic arteries were obtained, and the endothelium was gently removed. Serotonin and histamine caused contractions, which were markedly inhibited by a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, hydroxyfasudil. Western blot analysis showed that, during the serotonin-induced contractions, the extent of phosphorylation of myosin-binding subunit of myosin phosphatase (MBS, one of the major substrates of Rho-kinase) was significantly increased in the specimens. Hydroxyfasudil again significantly suppressed the serotonin-induced increase in MBS phosphorylation. There was a significant positive correlation between the extent of MBS phosphorylation and that of the serotonin-induced contractions and between hydroxyfasudil-sensitive components of the contractions and the extent of arteriosclerosis. These results indicate that Rho-kinase plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle contractions of arteriosclerotic human arteries, suggesting that Rho-kinase could be regarded as an important target for the treatment of arteriosclerotic vascular diseases in humans.
Cell type-specific effects of <i>Rb</i> deletion in the murine retina (2004)

Certain cells of the human retina are extremely sensitive to loss of function of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene RB. Retinoblastomas develop early in life and at high frequency in individuals heterozygous for a germ-line RB mutation, and sporadic retinoblastomas invariably have somatic mutation in the RB gene. In contrast, retinoblastomas do not develop in Rb+/- mice. Although retinoblastoma is thought to have developmental origins, the function of Rb in retinal development has not been fully characterized. Here we studied the role of Rb in normal retinal development and in retinoblastoma using conditional Rb mutations in the mouse. In late embryogenesis, Rb-deficient retinas exhibited ectopic S-phase and high levels of p53-independent apoptosis, particularly in the differentiating retinal ganglion cell layer. During postnatal retinal development, loss of Rb led to more widespread retinal apoptosis, and adults showed loss of photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Conditional Rb mutation in the retina did not result in retinoblastoma formation even in a p53-mutant background. However, on a p107- or p130-deficient background, Rb mutation in the retina caused retinal dysplasia or retinoblastoma.
Molybdate/Peroxide Oxidation of Mustard in Microemulsions (2001)

Environmentally friendly and noncorrosive methods to decontaminate the blister agent mustard (HD) bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide are currently being developed. HD may be rendered nonvesicant by oxidation to the corresponding sulfoxide. In microemulsions, the mildly basic molybdate/peroxide oxidant system rapidly oxidizes HD initially to the sulfoxide. Secondary oxidation to the sulfone does occur, but this reaction is about 2 orders of magnitude slower. A microemulsion found to be stable at low temperature was identified, enabling the decontamination of HD at −30 °C. The mild basicity of such solutions also affords the peroxyhydrolysis (OOH-) of nerve agents GD and VX.
A Class-G Switched-Capacitor RF Power Amplifier (2013)

A switched-capacitor power amplifier (SCPA) that realizes an envelope elimination and restoration/polar class-G topology is introduced. A novel voltage-tolerant switch enables the use of two power supply voltages which increases efficiency and output power simultaneously. Envelope digital-to-analog conversion in the polar transmitter is achieved using an SC RF DAC that exhibits high efficiency at typical output power backoff levels. In addition, high linearity is achieved and no digital predistortion is required. Implemented in 65 nm CMOS, the measured peak output power and power-added efficiency (PAE) are 24.3 dBm and 43.5%, respectively, whereas when amplifying 802.11g 64-QAM OFDM signals, the average output power and PAE are 16.8 dBm and 33%, respectively. The measured EVM is 2.9%.
Learning Fine-Grained Spatial Models for Dynamic Sports Play Prediction (2014)

We consider the problem of learning predictive models for in-game sports play prediction. Focusing on basketball, we develop models for anticipating near-future events given the current game state. We employ a latent factor modeling approach, which leads to a compact data representation that enables efficient prediction given raw spatiotemporal tracking data. We validate our approach using tracking data from the 2012-2013 NBA season, and show that our model can make accurate in-game predictions. We provide a detailed inspection of our learned factors, and show that our model is interpretable and corresponds to known intuitions of basketball game play.
Delirium in Older Persons (2006)

The prevalence of delirium increases sharply with age, and about 20 percent of older patients have delirium at the time of hospital admission for any reason. This review summarizes the clinical manifestations of and risk factors for delirium and the evaluation of patients with this condition. It includes an update on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of delirium and provides guidance regarding practical measures to prevent this common complication.
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF FOOD DISTRIBUTION: THE BANGLADESH EXPERIENCE (1989)

Bangladesh is a low-lying country located in South Asia, having many rivers and a marshy jungle coastline on the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh is bordered orI three sides by India, and on the east by Burma. Located on the Tropic of Cancer, Bangladesh has a semitropical monsoonal climate, with one of the world% highest annual rainfalls, averaging as much as 85 inches. The average temperature is 84°F (U.S. Department of State, 1987). The Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna), and Meghna Rivers, and their tributaries, form the deltaic plain and provide Bangladesh’s extremely fertile alluvial soil. East-west travel is impeded by river courses, and since much of the country is partially submerged or subject to flooding during the rainy season, travel can be difficult, often requiring boats. The land is devoted largely to rice and jute cultivation, although other crops such as wheat and tea are increasing in importance.
Electronic Annotation Sheet. (1997)

This paper proposes an electronic annotation sheet and describes its implementation. The electronic annotation sheet is a note electronically attached to paper documents. We have implemented two types of electronic annotation systems. The first is designed for standard computer platforms and the second uses a simplified augmented reality system. In this paper, we describe the concept, method and user interface of these two systems.