gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors to Prevent Accelerated Graft Atherosclerosis in Heart Transplant Patients (1997)

Initial trials hint that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors may have a role in preventing or retarding the progression of AGAS. Whether the potential of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors to prevent AGAS is due to their lipid-lowering effect, immunomodulating properties, or a combination of both is also not completely known at present. Further study is needed to fully identify their mode of preventing AGAS and, more important, to determine their usefulness and role in preventing AGAS, especially since concurrent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor use with cyclosporine is not innocuous. Potential for a pharmacokinetic drug interaction, which results in an elevation of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor concentrations, exists when these two agents are used together, thus increasing the potential for the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor to cause musculoskeletal complications. When such combination therapy is used, the likelihood of this interaction can be reduced by prescribing the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor conservatively--using the smallest effective dose and increasing the daily dosage slowly. Although the risk of musculoskeletal toxicity exists at any HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor dosage, most patients should be able to tolerate daily dosages of up to 20 mg of lovastatin, 10 mg of simvastatin, and 40 mg of pravastatin. Patients also need to be made aware of and monitored for musculoskeletal symptoms suggestive of myositis and/or myalgias. In addition, the avoidance of elevated cyclosporine concentrations and when practical, monitoring of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor concentrations are recommended.
Down-regulation of cytokine production and interleukin-2 receptor expression by pooled human IgG. (1993)

The influence of pooled human IgG preparations for intravenous use (i.v.Ig) on in vitro-induced cytokine production was studied at the single-cell level using cytokine-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and indirect immunofluorescent technique. Cultured mononuclear cells from peripheral blood from healthy adult donors were polyclonally stimulated for 96 hr by either direct ligation of T-cell receptors using immobilized anti-CD3 mAb or by a combination of a protein kinase C activator [phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)] and a calcium ionophore (ionomycin) in the absence or presence of i.v.Ig. A marked inhibition of proliferation and blast transformation was noted in all i.v.Ig exposed cultures, despite good cell survival. The production of the T-cell lymphokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10,interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta) was significantly down-regulated during the whole studied period in the i.v.Ig containing anti-CD3 stimulated cultures. The synthesis of the monokine IL-8 was not suppressed and that of TNF-alpha, which was made by both lymphocytes and monocytes, was only moderately inhibited. Somewhat different and more transient effects were observed in the i.v.Ig-exposed PMA/ionomycin-activated cultures. The production of IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TNF-beta and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was down-regulated during the initial phase of the cultures up to 48 hr, but not at 48-96 hr. The synthesis of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha was unaffected of the influence of i.v.Ig during the entire culture period. The expression of IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) was significantly suppressed in the i.v.Ig-treated anti-CD3-activated cells, but not in the PMA/ionomycin-stimulated cultures. Taken together our results indicate that pooled IgG may mediate immunomodulation by direct effects on cytokine production and on T-cell proliferation.
Operating system support for planetary-scale network services (2004)

PlanetLab is a geographically distributed overlay network designed to support the deployment and evaluation of planetary-scale network services. Two high-level goals shape its design. First, to enable a large research community to share the infrastructure, PlanetLab provides distributed virtualization, whereby each service runs in an isolated slice of PlanetLab&apos;s global resources. Second, to support competition among multiple network services, PlanetLab decouples the operating system running on each node from the network-wide services that define PlanetLab, a principle referred to as unbundled management. This paper describes how PlanetLab realizes the goals of distributed virtualization and unbundled management, with a focus on the OS running on each node.
A 65 nm Single Stage 28 fJ/cycle 0.12 to 1.2V Level-Shifter (2014)

A conventional level-shifter is modified to extend the operation range down to subthreshold regime. Leakage current is reduced by utilizing transistor stacking, channel stretching, and reverse body biasing. The design has a standard-cell compliant layout and is fully integrated in a conventional digital design flow. The level-shifter is manufactured in 65 nm CMOS, and functionality is verified by measurements. The proposed design is capable of converting 0.12 to 1.2 V in a single stage, and has a static power consumption of 640 pW at a 0.12 to 1 V conversion. The minimum energy/cycle of 28 fJ/cycle with a conversion speed of 72 MHz was observed at 0.3 to 1 V conversion.
Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis involves cleavage of DNA to large fragments prior to internucleosomal fragmentation. (1993)

Apoptosis is a major form of cell death, characterized morphologically by chromatin condensation and biochemically by endonuclease cleavage of DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments. Recently, we reported that zinc arrested dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in thymocytes at an early stage, as characterized morphologically by condensation of heterochromatin into clumps abutting the nuclear membrane. In this study, we show that zinc completely inhibits endonuclease cleavage of DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments but does not prevent the cleavage of DNA into high molecular weight fragments. These results indicate that the formation of these high molecular weight fragments, which correlates with the very early morphological features of apoptosis, is a critical event in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. The formation of these high molecular weight fragments, despite the inhibition by zinc of the endonuclease cleavage of DNA, suggests that key enzyme(s), other than the Ca2+/Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease, are involved at the earliest stages of induction of apoptosis.
Lattice Rescoring Strategies for Long Short Term Memory Language Models in Speech Recognition (2017)

Recurrent neural network (RNN) language models (LMs) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) LMs, a variant of RNN LMs, have been shown to outperform traditional N-gram LMs on speech recognition tasks. However, these models are computationally more expensive than N-gram LMs for decoding, and thus, challenging to integrate into speech recognizers. Recent research has proposed the use of lattice-rescoring algorithms using RNNLMs and LSTMLMs as an efficient strategy to integrate these models into a speech recognition system. In this paper, we evaluate existing lattice rescoring algorithms along with new variants on a YouTube speech recognition task. Lattice rescoring using LSTMLMs reduces the word error rate (WER) for this task by 8\% relative to the WER obtained using an N-gram LM.
Simple Design of Detector in the Presence of Frequency Offset for IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANs (2009)

A simple detector for orthogonal modulation that is robust to large frequency offsets is proposed. The complexity of the detector is significantly reduced by implementing the correlator using multiplexers instead of complex floating-point multiplications. The performance of this design is comparable to the optimal value obtained by double correlation in offset quadrature phase-shift keying (O-QPSK) and nearly reaches that of noncoherent maximum likelihood (NCOHML) detection with 10-ppm frequency offset in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Therefore, the proposed design can be used in low-cost and low-power IEEE 802.15.4 low-rate wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN) applications.
Antitumor activity of a pyrrole-imidazole polyamide in three tumor xenograft models (2013)

Background: Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides are synthetic minor groove binders with modular sequence recognition. We developed a polyamide that targets the DNA sequence 5’-WGWWCW-3’ (W=A/T). This molecule is cytotoxic in a number of cancer cell lines including LNCaP (prostate cancer), DU145 (prostate cancer), and A549 (lung cancer). Data in cell culture suggests that this molecule interferes with RNA polymerase 2 activity resulting in proteasome-mediated degradation of the RNA Polymerase 2 large subunit, activation of p53 and induction of p53 target genes, and apoptosis. This polyamide demonstrates no detectable DNA damage by alkaline comet assay nor does it induce detectable phosphorylation of YH2A.X, ATM, DNA-PKcs, p53, or Chk2. This polyamide circulates in mice after intravenous and subcutaneous injection in saline vehicle.
Nano-Intrinsic True Random Number Generation: A Device to Data Study (2019)

We present a circuit technique to extract true random numbers from carrier capture and emission in oxide traps in the emerging redox-based resistive memory (ReRAM). This phenomenon that appears as small changes in current magnitude passing through the device is known as random telegraph noise (RTN) and is increasingly becoming a source of reliability issues in nanometer-scale devices. We demonstrate a circuit that exploits TRN suitable for a true random number generator (TRNG) in security applications, where the system is secure from different adversarial attacks, including side-channel monitoring and machine learning analysis. We experimentally characterize RTN in ReRAMs and extract its dependency to temperature, voltage, and area. We introduce an RTN harvesting circuit to mitigate sensitivities to temperature fluctuations, injected supply noise, and power signal monitoring. We reduced bias and imbalance in data due to high-speed sampling via von Neumann whitening. The circuit is compared to conventional non-differential readout approach. Our approach shows a 7.26 times improvement in autocorrelation and significant resilience against the injected supply noise. We also demonstrate the TRNG’s quality and robustness using statistical tests and machine learning attacks. The output of the generator satisfies statistical tests for randomness and is immune to modeling attacks based on the machine learning methods.
Universal Secure Network Coding via Rank-Metric Codes (2011)

The problem of securing a network coding communication system against an eavesdropper is considered. The network implements linear network coding to deliver n packets from source to each receiver, and the adversary can eavesdrop on μ arbitrarily chosen links. The objective is to provide reliable communication to all receivers, while guaranteeing that the source information remains information-theoretically secure from the adversary. A coding scheme is proposed that can achieve the maximum possible rate of n - μ packets. The scheme, which is based on rank-metric codes, has the distinctive property of being universal: it can be applied on top of any communication network without requiring knowledge of or any modifications on the underlying linear network code. The only requirement of the scheme is that the packet length be at least n, which is shown to be strictly necessary for universal communication at the maximum rate. A further scenario is considered where the adversary is allowed not only to eavesdrop but also to inject up to t erroneous packets into the network, and the network may suffer from a rank deficiency of at most ρ. In this case, the proposed scheme can be extended to achieve the rate of n - ρ - 2t - μ packets. This rate is shown to be optimal under the assumption of zero-error communication.
Laparoscopic Repair of Renal Artery Aneurysm (2008)

In well-selected patients, vascular surgical techniques may offer excellent results. Laparoscopy provides the advantages of the minimally invasive approach while achieving adequate vascular control. However, advance training in laparoscopic reconstructive surgical techniques is required before attempting this procedure.
A Submarine Telephone Cable with Submerged Repeaters (1951)

The paper describes the recently installed Key West-Havana submarine cable telephone system in which repeaters designed for long life are incorporated in the cable structure and are laid as part of the cable.
Post-Herpes Zoster Neuralgia: Response to Vitamin E Therapy (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The pain accompanying herpes zoster may be severe at times, requiring heavy sedation, but it is usually self-limited, disappearing in a matter of weeks as the eruption heals. In older people and in cases with scarring eruptions, the pain may persist for months, and in some cases for years, causing almost unbearable discomfort and loss of sleep. Other than nerve-block procedures, there has been no effective treatment for the refractory post-herpes zoster neuralgia except for the method recently recommended by Epstein,<sup>1</sup>which consists of the subcutaneous injection of triamcinolone in lidocaine (Xylocaine) into the areas of involvement. While this treatment produces relief in many cases, the technique is cumbersome, requiring multiple injections that frequently have to be repeated. Pain, subcutaneous hemorrhage, vertigo, and in one case, a sterile abscess were some of the complications noted by Epstein. During the past four years, we have treated 13
Delayed application of IGF-I and GDNF can rescue already injured postnatal motor neurons (2001)

IGF-I, GDNF, and other neurotrophic factors, when applied at the time of injury, can protect postnatal motor neurons from slow glutamate injury in organotypic spinal cord. However, in human spinal cord diseases, motor neuron injury is already established when treatment could begin. We tested whether neurotrophic factors can protect already-injured motor neurons, and whether combinations of factors can further lengthen the therapeutic time window. Our data show that during a 7--8 week process of slow neurodegeneration either IGF-I or GDNF treatment, though delayed up to 4 weeks, still allowed substantial rescue of already injured motor neurons. However, the combination of both factors additively provided better neuroprotection than either factor alone, even after a 4-week delay. This proof of principle is relevant to the potential of IGF-I and GDNF as therapy for acquired disorders affecting motor neurons.
An Improved Boosting to Amplify Signal with Isobaric Labeling (iBASIL) Strategy for Precise Quantitative Single-cell Proteomics (2020)

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has great potential for overcoming the limitations of antibody-based immunoassays for antibody-independent, comprehensive, and quantitative proteomic analysis of single cells. Indeed, recent advances in nanoscale sample preparation have enabled effective processing of single cells. In particular, the concept of using boosting/carrier channels in isobaric labeling to increase the sensitivity in MS detection has also been increasingly used for quantitative proteomic analysis of small-sized samples including single cells. However, the full potential of such boosting/carrier approaches has not been significantly explored, nor has the resulting quantitation quality been carefully evaluated. Herein, we have further evaluated and optimized our recent boosting to amplify signal with isobaric labeling (BASIL) approach, originally developed for quantifying phosphorylation in small number of cells, for highly effective analysis of proteins in single cells. This improved BASIL (iBASIL) approach enables reliable quantitative single-cell proteomics analysis with greater proteome coverage by carefully controlling the boosting-to-sample ratio (<i>e.g.</i> in general <100×) and optimizing MS automatic gain control (AGC) and ion injection time settings in MS/MS analysis (<i>e.g.</i> 5E5 and 300 ms, respectively, which is significantly higher than that used in typical bulk analysis). By coupling with a nanodroplet-based single cell preparation (nanoPOTS) platform, iBASIL enabled identification of ∼2500 proteins and precise quantification of ∼1500 proteins in the analysis of 104 FACS-isolated single cells, with the resulting protein profiles robustly clustering the cells from three different acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. This study highlights the importance of carefully evaluating and optimizing the boosting ratios and MS data acquisition conditions for achieving robust, comprehensive proteomic analysis of single cells.
Real-time monitoring and operational assistant system for mobile networks (2003)

The functioning of modern mobile networks is characterized with generation of huge volumes of network operational data, including alarm, performance, traffic, billing, and customer service data. The question is not only in receiving, organization and storing this data, but mostly, and more importantly, in data interpretation and analysis to support the operational and management needs of the network operators as well as the customers. For mobile operators, like Telecom Italia Mobile (TIM), the management of network operational data is a critical service quality-affecting factor that allows differentiating TIM from its competitors. In order to warn network operational personnel on existing or potential network troubles, and to correct them, monitoring of network performance data is needed. This allows network operators to detect performance degradations before they become service affecting. We describe the architecture and the functionality of a real-time monitoring and operational assistant system called NetDoctor which was developed to manage the faults and performance of mobile (cellular) networks.
Lecithin Supplementation in Healthy Volunteers Effect on Cholesterol Esterification and Plasma, and Bile lipids (1980)

Plasma and bile lipids and in vitro cholesterol esterifying activity of plasma (mg CE/dl/6 h) were determined in healthy volunteers who supplemented their regular diets with 7.5 g doses of soya lecithin three times daily for a 4-week period. Lecithin ingestion by the 4 male and 6 female subjects did not produce any significant changes either in total plasma cholesterol (TC) level or cholesterol esterification. A small but significant reduction was observed in the plasma triglyceride (TG) and total phospholipid (TPL) levels after supplementation. The molar percent of bile acids (BA), TC and TPL as well as the lithogenic index (LI = TC/BA + TPL) in both hepatic and gallbladder bile were also unaltered by 4 weeks of lecithin supplementation. In vitro cholesterol esterification was found linearly related to plasma-free cholesterol (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01) cholesterol ester (r = 0.50, p less than 0.05), total phospholipid (r = 0.50, p less than 0.05), lecithin (r = 0.45, p less than 0.05), and triglyceride (r = 0.57, p less than 0.025) levels.
Different expression patterns of plasma Th1‐, Th2‐, Th17‐ and Th22‐related cytokines correlate with serum autoreactivity and allergen sensitivity in chronic spontaneous urticaria (2017)

Abstract Background Clinical features and basophil activation levels correlate with serum autoreactivity and allergen sensitivity in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria ( CSU ). Objectives To explore the relationship of the expression patterns of plasma T‐helper cell (Th) 1‐, Th2‐, Th17‐ and Th22‐related cytokines with the serum autoreactivity and the allergen sensitivity in CSU . Method Twenty related cytokines were measured and analysed in 60 patients with CSU , 15 patients with acute urticaria, 10 patients with atopic dermatitis ( AD ) and 15 healthy persons, respectively. Autologous serum skin testing ( ASST ) and skin prick testing ( SPT ) were performed to detect autoreactivity and allergy sensitivity, respectively. The protein–protein interaction of cytokines and the molecular pathways were analysed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins ( STRING ) and KyotoEncyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ( KEGG database), respectively. Results Th1‐/Th2‐ and Th17‐related cytokines were significantly elevated and correlated with disease activity in CSU than in healthy controls. Interleukin ( IL )‐6, IL ‐10 and IL ‐13 were significantly higher in acute urticaria than in patients with CSU . Granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor ( GM ‐ CSF ), IL ‐10 and IL ‐17 were significantly higher in ASST + than in ASST ‐ CSU patients. IFN ‐γ, IL ‐2, IL ‐12p70 and IL ‐21 were significantly higher in SPT + than in SPT − CSU patients. The plasma levels of interferon‐γ, IL ‐2 and IL ‐21 varied among ASST +/ SPT +, ASST +/ SPT −, ASST −/ SPT + and ASST −/ SPT − CSU subgroups, which appeared to involve the positive regulation of the Janus kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK‐STAT) signaling pathway. Conclusion This study indicates acute urticaria elicits a more prominent Th2 immune response than CSU . There was association between different expression patterns of plasma Th1‐, Th2‐, Th17‐ and Th22‐related cytokines and serum autoreactivity or allergen sensitivity in CSU . Further studies on the JAK ‐ STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of CSU are warranted.
Physical aging of thin glassy polymer films (2005)

the vacuum oven to accommodate my special needs beyond the equipment limitation.My appreciation also goes to all my friends who helped keep me relatively sane, whether playing badminton, throwing social parties, or mountain vii biking, I thank you for your
A dynamic taint tracking based method to detect sensitive information leaking (2014)

Sensitive information leaking of network servers attacked by malwares or hackers is a serious security risk of Internet. The paper presents a dynamic taint tracking based method to automatically detect sensitive data leaking. The method automatically tags sensitive data as taint data and monitors the propagation of taint data in memory. If the sensitive data is sent by sockets or written into files, the method will alert and record detail leaking context. The whole process does not need modifying the network server source code or relying on particular server programming languages. The research is useful to improve security of all kinds of network. In the experiment part, successfully detecting the OpenSSL Heartbleed attack proves the effectiveness of the method.
Influence of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking with Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Irradiation on Excimer Laser Surgery (2010)

CXL reduces the amount of refractive change after LASIK for myopia. Although the laser ablation rate is unaffected, CXL results in an increased flap thickness. This study suggests the need for adjustment of microkeratome and laser parameters for LASIK after CXL and indirectly endorses the theory of a direct stiffening effect of CXL.
Development of elemental technologies for fabricating the health care chip (2002)

To create the "health care chip", which is an intelligent micro analytical system to detect various human health markers from a small droplet of blood, we are now developing a measurement system of the markers in electroosmosis injected serum employing chemical sensors conjugated to the microcapillary made by a quartz plate. The complete system requires a painlessly collection of the blood by a needle, separation of serum from such small amount of blood, biocompatibility of the capillary inner surface and implementation of these technologies to the real health care chip. This paper reports recent studies regarding these elemental issues.