gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GCNet: Non-local Networks Meet Squeeze-Excitation Networks and Beyond (2019)

The Non-Local Network (NLNet) presents a pioneering approach for capturing long-range dependencies, via aggregating query-specific global context to each query position. However, through a rigorous empirical analysis, we have found that the global contexts modeled by non-local network are almost the same for different query positions within an image. In this paper, we take advantage of this finding to create a simplified network based on a query-independent formulation, which maintains the accuracy of NLNet but with significantly less computation. We further observe that this simplified design shares similar structure with Squeeze-Excitation Network (SENet). Hence we unify them into a three-step general framework for global context modeling. Within the general framework, we design a better instantiation, called the global context (GC) block, which is lightweight and can effectively model the global context. The lightweight property allows us to apply it for multiple layers in a backbone network to construct a global context network (GCNet), which generally outperforms both simplified NLNet and SENet on major benchmarks for various recognition tasks. The code and configurations are released at https://github.com/xvjiarui/GCNet.
Photoemission study of the formation of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SrF</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>/GaAs(100) and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">BaF</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>/GaAs(100) interfaces (1994)

Thin films of ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{BaF}}_{2}$ grown on clean GaAs(100) surfaces have been studied by high-resolution photoemisison spectroscopy. Similar to the previously studied ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$/GaAs(100) interface, there is evidence of cation-substrate bonding after annealing at temperatures near 600 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. For ${\mathrm{BaF}}_{2}$, Ba was found to react with As at the interface with an associated loss of Ga and F. For ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$, the Sr 3d core-level shift also suggests cation-substrate bonding. The valence-band maxima for GaAs and the respective alkaline-earth fluorides (${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{SrF}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{BaF}}_{2}$) were measured directly by linear extrapolation of the high-kinetic-energy edge of the respective valence bands. The resulting valence-band offsets were found to follow the same trend for coverages up to 2--4 monolayers.
Improvement of optical parametric oscillators by nonresonant pump reflection (1970)

Several important characteristics of optical parametric oscillators can be substantially improved by nonresonantly reflecting the pump wave back upon itself after it has passed through the nonlinear medium. Benefits are reduced thresholds, decreased buildup times, and improved efficiencies. Steady-state analyses of doubly and singly resonant oscillators are presented.
Chloromethyl Ethers, Cigarettes, Cough and Cancer (1976)

Beginning in 1963 a 10-year prospective study of 125 chemical workers was carried out by periodic screening for five years and follow-up for an additional five years. Eighty-eight men were exposed to chloromethyl ethers in varying cumulative doses estimates by retrospective rating. They were divided into three groups by degree of exposure. Age distribution was similar in all groups but the proportion of current heavy cigarette smokers at the start of observation decreased with increasing chemical exposure. The prevalence of chronic cough showed a dose-response relationship to both smoking and chemical exposure. The end-expiratory flow rate was below 60% of predicted in about one-third of the exposed men compared to only 6% of unexposed men and the frequency of such low rates was dose-related to cigarette smoking. During the five-year periodic screening study the prevalence of chronic cough decreased and the prevalence of dyspnea increased while chemical exposure was falling. The 10-year incidence of lung cancer was dose-related to chemical exposure but inversely related to smoking habits. All cancers were small-cell carcinomas, occurred in men younger than 55, and had an induction-latent period of 10 to 24 years. The 10-year mortality rate in this group of workers was 2.7 times expected and lung cancer accounted for the excess number of deaths.
Late MitraClip Failure: Removal Technique for Leaflet-Sparing Mitral Valve Repair (2012)

MitraClip system has been recently introduced in clinical practice for percutaneous mitral valve repair in selected patients. In the case of early or late detachment of the device dedicated tools, either with percutaneous or surgical approach, have been developed. We describe a novel technique to atraumatically remove the MitraClip.
Bone marrow transplant recipients harbor the B variant of human herpesvirus 6. (1994)

Lymphotropic herpesviruses have recently been isolated from patients undergoing kidney, liver and bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We have molecularly characterized isolates of HHV-6 from children undergoing allogenic BMT. We show that viruses recovered from the BMT recipients correspond to the B variant of human herpesvirus 6, the etiological agent of exanthem subitum. HHV-6 B strains are known to be associated with infections in the majority of children in infancy or early childhood. Infection in the BMT recipients most likely reflects the reactivation of these viruses during immunosuppressive treatment. Each of the reactivated viruses has its own characteristic heterogeneous (het) sequence. We show that the het sequence is stably unique for each HHV-6 strain. We also show that prolonged viremia can be documented with some of the patients, unlike the characteristic short duration febrile sickness in the exanthem subitum cases of infancy. The mechanism of HHV-6 B reactivation from latency is not known. Furthermore, the full clinical outcome of HHV-6 B viremia in the BMT patients requires further investigation.
Isotopic immunoglobulin: a new systemic therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease. (1985)

Thirty-eight patients with advanced, progressive Hodgkin's disease who had relapsed from or who had not responded to treatment with at least two potentially curative combination chemotherapy regimens were entered into this phase 2 study. All patients received 131I antiferritin antibody administered intravenously (IV) at a dose of 30 mCi on day 0 and 20 mCi on day 5. Antibody was derived from rabbit, pig, and monkey species. Objective partial remission of measurable disease was recorded in 40% of patients. Symptomatic response was recorded in 77% of patients. Toxicity was restricted to bone marrow depression with thrombocytopenia greater than leukopenia. These responses are comparable to other reported phase 2 drugs in this patient population and subsequent trials of antibody free of radioactivity and antibody using a beta emitting isotope are being carried out to expand upon these results.
Expression for the effect of arbitrary temperature and mean flow profiles on the speed of sound in a duct (1976)

The wavenumber for the fundamental mode in a uniform duct with arbitrary cross section of area A is shown to be k = ±(w2A∫dAc2)12 − wA∫Vc2 dA, when the frequency w/2p is well below cutoff. This is valid for an arbitrary transverse variation in the temperature and hence in the local sound speed c, up to first order in c1/c0, where c = c0 + c1 and c0 = const. It is also valid for an arbitrary transverse variation in the mean longitudinal velocity V, up to first order in V/c. For an ideal gas, c2 = yP/p, where y is a constant, P is the pressure (assumed constant) and p is the density (which varies with temperature). Hence the first term contains only the average density, and the second only the average mass flow rate. Correction terms will be presented.
Pipelined asynchronous time-division multiplexing optical bus (1997)

S. Q. ZhengLouisiana State UniversityDepartment of Computer Science,andDepartment of Electrical and ComputerEngineeringBaton Rouge, Louisiana 70803E-mail: zheng@bit.csc.lsu.eduYueming LiLouisiana State UniversityDepartment of Computer ScienceBaton Rouge, Louisiana 70803Abstract. We propose a pipelined asynchronous time-division multi-plexing optical bus. Such a bus can use one of two hardwared priorityschemes: the linear priority scheme and the round-robin priority scheme.Our simulation results show that the performance of the proposed bus issigniﬁcantly better than the performances of known pipelined synchro-nous time-division multiplexing optical buses. The possibilities of usingour buses to construct multichannel switches and multidimensional pro-cessor arrays are also discussed.
ORGAN PRESERVATION SOLUTIONS IN HEART TRANSPLANTATION-PATTERNS OF USAGE AND RELATED SURVIVAL1 (1997)

Despite experimental advantages for certain heart preservation solutions (HPS), their clinical popularity and related survival are uncertain. We surveyed all active UNOS heart transplant centers to determine their HPS. HPS survival benefits were tested using the UNOS heart transplant registry. Centers used from 1 to 3 types of 167 solutions. Of these formulations, 55.1% were commonly cited solutions. The other (custom) mixtures differed from those usually reported. All solutions were classified as intracellular (I, [Na++] < 70 mEq/L) or extracellular (E, [Na++] > or = 70 mEq/L). Significant variations in solution usage were observed among major regions of U.S. transplant activity (Northeast [NE], Southeast [SE], and West [W], P < 0.001). For example, 62.5% of University of Wisconsin (UW) and 49.3% of "Other" usage occurred in the NE; 75% of Roe and 100% of Collins usage occurred in the SE; and 100% of Krebs and 46% of Stanford usage occurred in the W. Logistic regression analyses of 9401 patients who underwent transplantation from 10/87 to 12/92 showed a reduction in the adjusted one month mortality odds ratio for grafts preserved with I rather than E solutions (0.85, P < 0.05). Compared with the most commonly used solution, Plegisol (20.1% of cases), the following adjusted odds ratios for one-month mortality were observed: UW, 1.09 (ns); Stanford, 0.80 (P < 0.10); Roe, 0.36 (P < 0.001); Collins, 0.82 (ns); Krebs, 0.14 (P < 0.01). Using the same one month comparison with Plegisol, 16.8% of grafts that received Custom-I solutions also fared better (0.75, P < 0.05) than the 21.4% that had Custom-E mixtures (0.91, ns). HPS usage varies greatly and there are regional preferences. There may be early survival benefits for certain intracellular HPS--however, further study is warranted to explore such relationships.
Three-dimensional flexible microprobe for recording the neural signal (2010)

We have designed, fabricated, and tested a novel three-dimensional (3-D) flexible microprobe used for recording the neural signals of lateral giant (LG) on the escape system of American crayfish. We report an electrostatic actuation process to fold the planar probes to be the arbitrary orientations of 3-D probes for neuroscience application. The batch assembly method based on electrostatic force techniques gave more simple fabrication compared to others. A flexible probe could reduce both the chronic inflammation response and material fracture when animal breathes or moves. Furthermore, the cortex corresponds to hypothetical cortical modules with mostly vertically organized layers of neurons. Therefore, the 3-D flexible probe suits to understand how the cooperative activity for different layers of neurons. Advisedly, we present a novel fabrication for the 3-D flexible probe by using Parylene technology. The mechanical strength of the neural probe is strong enough to penetrate into a biogel. At the end, the flexible probe was used to record neural signals of the LG cell from American crayfish.
Preamble-Assisted Estimation for Frequency-Dependent I/Q Mismatch in Direct-Conversion OFDM Receivers (2009)

In direct-conversion orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receivers, the impact of frequency-dependent I/Q mismatch (IQ-M) with carrier frequency offset (CFO) must be considered. A preamble-assisted estimation is developed to circumvent the frequency-dependent IQ-M with CFO. The results of a simulation and an experiment show that the proposed method could provide good estimation efficiency and enhance the system performance. Moreover, the proposed scheme is compatible with current wireless local area network standards.
Cutting Edge: Heterozygote Advantage in Autoimmune Disease: Hierarchy of Protection/Susceptibility Conferred by HLA and Killer Ig-Like Receptor Combinations in Psoriatic Arthritis (2004)

Functionally relevant combinations of HLA and killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) genotypes influence resistance to several diseases in humans. Analysis of genetic data from such studies is challenging because it involves multiple linked and unlinked loci that exert their influence in an epistatic manner. We previously reported that subjects with certain activating receptors were susceptible to developing psoriatic arthritis (PsA), an effect that was strongest when HLA ligands for corresponding homologous inhibitory receptors were missing. In this study, we present a novel model in which susceptibility to PsA is determined by the overall balance of activating and inhibitory composite KIR-HLA genotypes. This model fits our knowledge of clonal NK cell expression of KIR and regulation of NK cell activity better than does the previous model, as reflected in a robust trend for increasing susceptibility to PsA with more activating genotypes. These data emphasize the remarkable influence of KIR/HLA combinations on this disease.
Targeting voltage-gated sodium channels for treatment for chronic visceral pain (2011)

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) play a fundamental role in controlling cellular excitability, and their abnormal activity is related to several pathological processes, including cardiac arrhythmias, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, spasticity and chronic pain. In particular, chronic visceral pain, the central symptom of functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, is a serious clinical problem that affects a high percentage of the world population. In spite of intense research efforts and after the dedicated decade of pain control and research, there are not many options to treat chronic pain conditions. However, there is a wealth of evidence emerging to give hope that a more refined approach may be achievable. By using electronic databases, available data on structural and functional properties of VGSCs in chronic pain, particularly functional gastrointestinal hypersensitivity, were reviewed. We summarize the involvement and molecular bases of action of VGSCs in the pathophysiology of several organic and functional gastrointestinal disorders. We also describe the efficacy of VGSC blockers in the treatment of these neurological diseases, and outline future developments that may extend the therapeutic use of compounds that target VGSCs. Overall, clinical and experimental data indicate that isoform-specific blockers of these channels or targeting of their modulators may provide effective and novel approaches for visceral pain therapy.
Polymerization of Hydrocarbon Gases to Motor Fuels (1951)

Processes for the polymerization of hydrocarbon gases to motor fuel were developed to a commercial level in the early 1930's. Thermal polymerization plants, employing temperatures of 900° to 1200° F. and pressures of 60 to 3000 pounds per square inch, were developed first, closely followed by catalytic units operating at temperatures of 280° to 475° F. and pressures of 200 to 1200 pounds per square inch. Currently, thermal polymerization finds its greatest application in combination with thermal reforming of naphtha. Catalytic polymerization has proved highly successful, as is indicated by the fact that one company alone has licensed over 150 plants to date.
A superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) for the improvement of power qualfty (2005)

Summary form only given. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Intramedullary Fixation of Proximal Tibia Fractures (1998)

Summary The indications for tibial nailing are evolving and expanding from diaphyseal fractures to include proximal, distal, and open fractures. The biologic and mechanical advantages of intramedullary (IM) nail fixation, as well as the increasing number of surgeons who have become proficient in the technique, are the impetus for extending the indications of this technique. Nailing of proximal tibial fractures represents perhaps the most demanding indication. The correct use of nailing in these fractures requires a great deal of surgical experience. To achieve good results in proximal fractures, the surgeon must be proficient at conventional IM nailing and be able to expand on routine nailing techniques appropriate for diaphyseal fractures. Because of the inherent difficulties of nailing proximal fractures, less experienced surgeons may prefer to continue stabilizing these fractures by other methods. Anyone who wants to use nailing for the treatment of proximal tibial fractures must appreciate the unique characteristics of this procedure. Failure to master these techniques will lead to less than optimal results, which has been evidenced by a reported high incidence of malunion.1 In this article, the advantages and pitfalls of nailing proximal tibia fractures are summarized and strategies developed to address the surgical problems associated with the application of this technique.
Development of highly spatial-coherent, 13.5-nm high-order harmonics for EUVL mask inspection using coherent EUV scatterometry microscope (2012)

We demonstrate the generation of low divergence, spatially coherent, high-order harmonics (orders ranging from 23rd to 95th) using commercial sub-TW laser system. The 6 mJ, 32 fs laser pulses were loosely focused with f/125 concave mirror in a semi-infinite gas cell. The beam divergence was measured to be 0.18-mrad at the 59th harmonics (13.5 nm) in 18kPa of helium. The 59th harmonics with novel high-throughput, spatial beam separator, which has attenuation ratio of 0.01 for the pump pulse, was used to detect line-defects in extreme-ultraviolet lithography mask. A 2nm-wide line-defect in an 88-nm line-and-space pattern was successfully detected using diffraction imaging technique.
<i>NLGN3/NLGN4</i> gene mutations are not responsible for autism in the Quebec population (2004)

Jamain [2003: Nat Genet 34:27-29] recently reported mutations in two neuroligin genes in sib-pairs affected with autism. In order to confirm these causative mutations in our autistic population and to determine their frequency we screened 96 individuals affected with autism. We found no mutations in these X-linked genes. These results indicate that mutations in NLGN3 and NLGN4 genes are responsible for at most a small fraction of autism cases and additional screenings in other autistic populations are needed to better determine the frequency with which mutations in NLGN3 and NLGN4 occur in autism.
STAT3-mediated anti-inflammatory signalling (2006)

IL-1O (interleukin-10) negatively regulates inflammation through a mechanism that blocks the expression of pro-inflammatory genes encoding cytokines, chemokines, cell-surface molecules and other molecules required for the full activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. The signalling pathway used by the IL-10 receptor to generate the anti-inflammatory response requires STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and is indirect. Thus STAT3 activates other genes whose task is to selectively control transcription of inflammatory targets. Here, I summarize current knowledge of the key features of IL-10 signalling and make predictions concerning the mechanism of IL-10 at the level of inflammatory genes. Understanding IL-10 signalling should be a gateway to the development of broadly acting anti-inflammatory agents.
Protection of the Retina from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by L-Carnitine in Guinea Pigs (2003)

L-carnitine is effective in preventing retinal injury followed by ischemia-reperfusion.
Smart Pareto filter: obtaining a minimal representation of multiobjective design space (2004)

Multiobjective optimization is a powerful tool for resolving conflicting objectives in engineering design and numerous other fields. One general approach to solving multiobjective optimization problems involves generating a set of Pareto optimal solutions, followed by selecting the most attractive solution from this set as the final design. The success of this approach critically depends on the designer's ability to obtain, manage, and interpret the Pareto set—importantly, the size and distribution of the Pareto set. The potentially significant difficulties associated with comparing a significantly large number of Pareto designs can be circumvented when the Pareto set: (i) is adequately small, (ii) represents the complete Pareto frontier, (iii) emphasizes the regions of the Pareto frontier that entail significant tradeoff, and (iv) de-emphasizes the regions corresponding to little tradeoff. We call a Pareto set that possesses these four important and desirable properties a smart Pareto set. Specifically, a smart Pareto set is one that is small and effectively represents the tradeoff properties of the complete Pareto frontier. This article presents a general method to obtain smart Pareto sets for problems of n objectives, given previously generated sets of Pareto solutions. Under the proposed method, the designer uses a smart Pareto filter to control the size of the Pareto set and the degree of tradeoff representation among objectives. Importantly, the smart Pareto filter yields a Pareto set comprising a minimal number of solutions needed to adequately characterize the problem's tradeoff properties. In this article, the smart Pareto filter is analytically developed, and mathematical and physical examples are presented to illustrate the filter's effectiveness.
Inhibitory effects of gabexate mesilate (FOY) on experimental DIC. (1979)

Theodore Roosevelt sends a letter of thanks to John Boyes for his letter and for sending him his book. John Boyes wrote on the topic of travel in Africa. Roosevelt relays that he enjoyed reading his book and meeting Boyes on the Nile.
A General Synthetic Method for the Formation of Substituted 5-Aminotetrazoles from Thioureas:  A Strategy for Diversity Amplification (2000)

A general method for the synthesis of 5-aminotetrazoles is outlined using the mercury(II)-promoted attack of azide anion on a thiourea. The reaction proceeds through a guanyl azide intermediate, which undergoes electrocyclization to the tetrazole. The method is high yielding and provides access to mono-, di-, and trisubstituted 5-aminotetrazoles, targets of potential interest for combinatorial library development.
Graphics robot simulator for teaching introductory robotics (1989)

The design and features of microcomputer software developed for teaching robot motion concepts are presented. The experience acquired in the first semester of use in an introductory robotics course is also reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>