gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple and Effective Synthesis of Aryl Azides via Arenediazonium Tosylates (2013)

Aromatic azides are formed in high yield from arenediazonium tosylates and sodium azide in water at room temperature or from aromatic amines via diazotization in the presence of <i>p</i>-TsOH. Besides being experimentally simple, these methods do not require any metal catalysis and provide clean products without purification.
Effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation on human postural responses during support surface translations (1995)

1. We investigated the role of the vestibular system in postural control by combining galvanic vestibular stimulation (0.2-0.5 mA) with platform translations in standing subjects. Vestibular stimulation delivered 500 ms before and continuously during the platform translation produced little change in the earliest center of pressure (COP) and center of mass (COM) movements in response to platform translations, but resulted in large changes during the execution of the postural movement and in the final equilibrium position. 2. Vestibular stimulation produced anterior or posterior shifts in the position of COP and COM, depending on the polarity of the galvanic current. These shifts were larger during platform translations than during quiet stance. The peak of these shifts in COP and COM occurred at 1.5-2.5 s after the onset of platform translation, and increased in magnitude with increasing platform velocity. The final equilibrium positions of COP and COM were also shifted, but these shifts were smaller and not dependent on platform velocity. 3. These results imply that a tonic step of galvanic current to the vestibular system can change the final equilibrium position for an automatic postural response. Furthermore, these results indicate that the vestibular system may play a larger role in interpreting sensory reafference during postural movements, and especially during fast postural movements, than in controlling quiet stance. Finally, these results indicate that the vestibular system does not play a critical role in triggering the earliest postural responses, but it may be critical in establishing an internal reference for verticality.
Waking a tired old lady (1997)

One of the requirements for the restoration of the 700 yr old masonry bridge, a scheduled ancient monument and Grade I Listed building, was the need to keep the bridge open to traffic and a guarantee that all the work carried out would satisfy the criteria set out by English Heritage. The diagnosis of sympathetic repairs needed close collaboration of client, consultants, contractor and material producer. This article describes the formation and workings of a collaborative approach to a 'tired old lady'.
Second-Harmonic Generation of Light by Focused Laser Beams (1966)

An experimental and theoretical study is reported on second-harmonic generation (SHG) by focused laser beams in nonlinear crystals which are large compared with the extent of the focus. The gas-laser beam is in the lowest order (Gaussian) mode and very close to index-matching conditions in the crystal. The intensity pattern of the SHG observed photographically has roughly the shape of a half moon with a very sharp edge. The distribution on the bright side of the edge has been measured using a traveling slit and photomultiplier detector. Fine structure has been observed consisting of a series of fringes extending from the edge into the bright region. The nature of the fine structure depends upon where the pattern is observed. The pattern at the surface of the crystal has fringes at the positions one would expect for diffraction of a second-harmonic beam by a straight-edged screen placed at the focus. The pattern at great distance from the crystal has uniformly spaced fringes; in this case fringes have also been seen on the dim side of the edge. It has been shown that the position of the edge relative to the axis of the laser beam is sensitive to extremely fine adjustments of the crystal orientation. The power has also been measured as a function of crystal orientation, and the position of the edge has been determined for the orientation giving maximum power. The theoretical treatment of the problem, which occupies most of the paper, is based upon an exact formula for the second-harmonic field for the case in which the laser beam is in a Guassian mode. In a far-field approximation this formula is decomposed into three types of terms having different dependence upon distance. The leading term in the limit of large distance has a sharp edge and describes the gross behavior on the bright side of the edge. The other terms are associated with fine structure of the Fresnel and Fraunhofer types arising from the focus and the crystal surfaces, respectively. The theory contains a parameter to specify the phase-matching conditions which can be simply related to changes in the crystal orientation. The power is obtained as a function of this parameter, and the optimum matching condition corresponding to maximum power is thereby determined. A detailed analysis of the experimental data is presented which shows the theory to be in quantitative as well as qualitative agreement with experiment.
Increasing the Cache Efficiency by Eliminating Noise (2006)

Caches are very inefficiently utilized because not all the excess data fetched into the cache, to exploit spatial locality, is utilized. We define cache utilization as the percentage of data brought into the cache that is actually used. Our experiments showed that Level 1 data cache has a utilization of only about 57%. In this paper, we show that the useless data in a cache block (cache noise) is highly predictable. This can be used to bring only the to-be-referenced data into the cache on a cache miss, reducing the energy, cache space, and bandwidth wasted on useless data. Cache noise prediction is based on the last words usage history of each cache block. Our experiments showed that a code-context predictor is the best performing predictor and has a predictability of about 95%. In a code context predictor, each cache block belongs to a code context determined by the upper order PC bits of the instructions that fetched the cache block. When applying cache noise prediction to L1 data cache, we observed about 37% improvement in cache utilization, and about 23% and 28% reduction in cache energy consumption and bandwidth requirement, respectively. Cache noise mispredictions increased the miss rate by 0.1% and had almost no impact on instructions per cycle (IPC) count. When compared to a sub-blocked cache, fetching the to-be-referenced data resulted in 97% and 44% improvement in miss rate and cache utilization, respectively. The sub-blocked cache had a bandwidth requirement about 35% of the cache noise prediction based approach.
Performance of high rate turbo codes employing the soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) (2003)

We examine the performance of the iterative soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) for high rate turbo codes on an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and compare its performance to that of the a posteriori probability (APP) algorithm. Code rates of the form k/sub 0//k/sub 0/+1 (k/sub 0/=4, 8, 16, 92, and 64) are considered. In our simulations, we show that the SOVA algorithm yields a bit error probability (P/sub b/) performance that is only about 0.7 dB inferior to the performance of the APP algorithm and about 1.7 dB from the capacity limit at P/sub b/=10/sup -5/. We also examine SOVA performance as a function of the number of iterations and a parameter we call the reliability depth.
A Survey of Video Enhancement Techniques (2012)

Video enhancement is one of the most important and difficult components in video research. The aim of video enhancement is to improve the visual appearance of the video, or to provide a bettertransform representation for future automated video processing, such as analysis, detection, segmentation, recognition, surveillance, traffic, criminal justice systems. In this paper, we present an overview of video enhancement processing and analysis algorithms used in these applications. The existing techniques of video enhancement can be classified into two categories: Self-enhancement and Context- based fusion enhancement. More specifically, we categorize processing methods based representative techniques of video enhancement. Thus, the contribution of the paper has fourfold: (1) to classify and review video enhancement processing algorithms, (2) to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms, (3) according to this integrated consideration, attempt an evaluation of shortcomings and general needs in this field of active research, and (4) we will point out promising directions on research for video enhancement for future research.
Design of concurrency controls for transaction processing systems (1982)

A complete transaction processing system was developed for Cm*, a distributed multi-microprocessor. This system used a concurrency control in which all functions required by the paradigm were available, and the concurrency control used a policy module implementing a number of policies, any of which could be chosen at run-time. The record manager of this system supported a simple relational view of the database, with one or more B-tree indexes for each relation. The record manager was replicated, and copies of versions of shared data objects were cached. The usefulness of the design framework was illustrated by the fact that the record manager, the most complex subsystem, was earlier developed on a completely different centralized system, and required only minor modifications to be used in this system. Experiments were performed with varying numbers of processors, and with various policies. For this system, the effect of waiting due to locking proved to be negligible, and so locking policies generally gave the best performance. This result may not apply to other systems, though: as an example of one of many possible differences, in this system individual processors were not multiprogrammed. However, using a concurrency control policy module, it is easy to investigate many different concurrency controls on any system, as demonstrated by these experiments.
Basis element decomposition with spectral microCT using multi-layered, multi-colored scintillation detectors (2012)

Synchrotron-based X-ray imaging is a useful tool in biomedical research because it can nondestructively produce high-resolution, 3D images. In this technique, X-rays impinge upon a thin scintillator and the visible light emission is focused onto a CCD using microscope optics. With this type of detector, sub-micron resolution has been achieved. We have also studied the possibility of extending this detector to have multiple scintillating layers for the purposes of performing spectral microCT with polychromatic sources. When such a multi-layer detector is illuminated by a polychromatic spectrum, the first layer will preferentially stop lower-energy X-rays, and the deeper layers higher-energy X-rays, leading to limited but perfectly registered spectral resolution. This detection setup also has the advantage of efficient use of synchrotron X-rays, short scan times, and the potential adaptation to a bench top system. Here we present some of our preliminary experimental results obtained using a custom multi-layer scintillating detector in conjunction with a color CCD camera. We found that our dual-layer detector does provide a significant amount of spectral separation, which suggests that material decomposition will be possible. This will be useful in identifying the elemental stains in x-ray histology. So far we have only attempted to do the material decomposition in the image domain because it is simpler to implement and does not require very precise calibration data. In the future, we would like to develop a calibration phantom that will enable us to do the decomposition in the sinogram domain. This yields a more quantitatively rigorous decomposition and has the additional advantage of eliminating beam-hardening artifacts caused by the polychromatic spectrum.
Bovine coronavirus genome (1979)

The tissue culture-adapted strain (Mebus) of the bovine coronavirus was grown to titers of greater than 10(7) 50% tissue culture infective doses per ml in secondary bovine embryo kidney cells, and the RNA was isotopically labeled with [3H]uridine. The RNA was extracted from purified virus and was found to have the following properties. (i) It consisted primarily of a homogeneous large-molecular-weight species which comigrated electrophoretically with vesicular stomatitis viral RNA and therefore had an apparent molecular weight of 3.8 X 10(6). (ii) It remained as a 3.8 x 10(6)-molecular-weight molecule after heat denaturation when rapidly harvested virus was examined. (iii) It was 80% susceptible to pancreatic RNase A digestion in high (0.3 M) NaCl, and the 20% resistant fraction was 4S to 7S in size. (iv) It was polyadenylated to the extent that 40 and 60% of the native RNA bound to polyuridylic acid-Sepharose and oligodeoxythymidylic acid-cellulose, respectively, under conditions of high (0.5 M) NaCl.
The Analysis and Cognition of Basic Melodic Structures: The Implication-Realization Model (1993)

Eugene Narmour formulates a comprehensive theory of melodic syntax to explain cognitive relations between melodic tones at their most basic level. Expanding on the theories of Leonard B. Meyer, the author develops one parsimonious, scaled set of rules modeling implication and realization in all the primary parameters of music. Through an elaborate and original analytic symbology, he shows that a kind of genetic code governs the perception and cognition of melody. One is an automatic, brute system operating on stylistic primitives from the bottom up. The other constitutes a learned system of schemata impinging on style structures from the top down. The theoretical constants Narmour uses are context-free and, therefore, applicable to all styles of melody. He places considerable emphasis on the listener's cognitive performance (that is, fundamental melodic perception as opposed to acquired musical competence). He concentrates almost exclusively on low-level, note-to-note relations. The result is a highly generalized theory useful in researching all manner of psychological and music-theoretic problems concerned with the analysis and cognition of melody. In this innovative, landmark book, a distinguished music theorist draws extensively from a variety of disciplines, in particular from cognitive psychology and music theory, to develop an elegant and persuasive framework for the understanding of melody. This book should be read by all scholars with a serious interest in music.--Diana Deutsch, Editor, Music Perception
Correction: N-Acetylglucosamine Induces White to Opaque Switching, a Mating Prerequisite in Candida albicans (2010)

To mate, the fungal pathogen Candida albicans must undergo homozygosis at the mating-type locus and then switch from the white to opaque phenotype. Paradoxically, opaque cells were found to be unstable at physiological temperature, suggesting that mating had little chance of occurring in the host, the main niche of C. albicans. Recently, however, it was demonstrated that high levels of CO 2 , equivalent to those found in the host gastrointestinal tract and select tissues, induced the white to opaque switch at physiological temperature, providing a possible resolution to the paradox. Here, we demonstrate that a second signal, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a monosaccharide produced primarily by gastrointestinal tract bacteria, also serves as a potent inducer of white to opaque switching and functions primarily through the Ras1/cAMP pathway and phosphorylated Wor1, the gene product of the master switch locus. Our results therefore suggest that signals produced by bacterial co-members of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota regulate switching and therefore mating of C. albicans.
The Archaeology of Israelite Society in Iron Age II. By Avraham Faust (2015)

   The Archaeology of Israelite Society in Iron Age II. By Avraham Faust. Translated by Ruth Ludlum. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2012. Pp. xviii + 328, illus. $49.50.
Effects of altered glucose homeostasis on glucose transporter expression in skeletal muscle of the rat. (1990)

Previous studies have suggested that alteration in the expression of the insulin-regulatable glucose transporter of muscle (GLUT-4 protein) may be an important determinant of insulin action. In the present studies, we have examined GLUT-4 mRNA and protein concentrations in muscle after variations in the metabolic status of the intact animal (i.e., 7 d streptozotocin-induced diabetes, 7 d insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and 3 d fasting). These changes in glucose homeostasis were associated with the following changes in GLUT-4 gene products: a decrease of approximately 30% in both mRNA and protein with diabetes; a 50% increase in mRNA and a 2.4-fold increase in protein with insulin injection; and normal mRNA in spite of a 2.7-fold increase in protein with fasting. Fasted diabetics exhibited an increase of 50% in GLUT-4 mRNA and a 2.4-fold increase in protein relative to fed diabetics. In diabetic and insulin-injected groups, the changes in GLUT-4 protein were similar to changes in mRNA, but in fasting, GLUT-4 protein increased without a concomitant change in mRNA. Overall there was no correlation between muscle concentrations of GLUT-4 protein and mRNA. Muscle GLUT-4 protein concentration tended to correlate with plasma glucose (r = -0.57, P less than 0.001), but not with plasma insulin. These results indicate that (a) chronic changes in glucose homeostasis are associated with changes in expression of GLUT-4 protein in muscle; (b) GLUT-4 protein increased in fasted soleus muscle without change in mRNA, thereby differing from fasted adipocytes in which both GLUT-4 products diminish; and (c) no simple relationship exists between total muscle GLUT-4 protein content and whole-body insulin sensitivity.
西方社会学和政治学:新思潮,旧基础 (1981)

政治哲学中新的着重点假如说六十年代,西方社会学界最有影响的是资产阶级自由主义观点的话,那末,到七十年代,保守派和新保守派的思想势力显著上升.尤其在美国,这一趋势显而易见.苏联学者认为,资产阶级思想家的社会政治观点,由自由主义和新自由主义向新保守主义的转变,是资产阶级大肆宣扬的全民福利国家、富裕社会等理论彻底失败的一种反映.因为这些理论主要是根据具有新自由主义色彩的原则建立起来的.它们的失败岂能不归咎于形形色色的自由主义.值得注意的是,这里把自由主义与怀疑论和唯理论相提并论.后两者是资产阶级世界观中最重要的组成部分,曾在摧毁中世纪封建宗教思想体系中起
Ultrasmall Water‐Soluble and Biocompatible Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Positive and Negative Dual Contrast Agents (2012)

Abstract Monodispersed water‐soluble and biocompatible ultrasmall magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (UMIONs, D = 3.3 ± 0.5 nm) generated from a high‐temperature coprecipitation route are successfully used as efficient positive and negative dual contrast agents of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their longitudinal relaxivity at 4.7 T ( r 1 = 8.3 mM −1 s −1 ) is larger than that of clinically used T 1 ‐positive agent Gd‐DTPA ( r 1 = 4.8 mM −1 s −1 ), and three times that of commercial contrast agent SHU‐555C ( r 1 = 2.9 mM −1 s −1 ). The transversal relaxivity ( r 2 = 35.1 mM −1 s −1 ) is six times that of Gd‐DTPA ( r 2 = 5.3 mM −1 s −1 ), half of SHU‐555C ( r 2 = 69 mM −1 s −1 ). The in vivo results show that the liver signal from T 1 ‐weighted MRI is positively enhanced 26%, and then negatively decreased 20% after injection of the iron oxide nanoparticles, which is stronger than those obtained from Gd‐DTPA (<10%) using the same dosage. The kidney signal is positively enhanced up to 35%, similar to that obtained from Gd‐DTPA. Under T 2 ‐weighted conditions, the liver signal is negatively enhanced ≅70%, which is significantly higher than that from Gd‐DTPA (≅6%). These results demonstrate the great potential of the UMIONs in dual contrast agents, especially as an alternative to Gd‐based positive contrast agents, which have risks of inducing side effects in patients.
DIARRHOEA DUE TO ENTEROTOXIGENIC <i>CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS</i>: CLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT OF A CLUSTER OF TEN CASES (1985)

Clostridium perfringens has recently been shown to be associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. We describe here the clinical features and management of an outbreak of diarrhoea in a Geriatric Unit. Ten cases were due to enterotoxigenic C. perfringens and in these cases there was a highly significant correlation with recent antibiotic administration (P = 0.0001). The importance of early recognition of C. perfringens as a cause of infective diarrhoea in the elderly is stressed.
Antibody Response to Aerosolized Transgenic Human Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin (2005)

To the Editor: The Department of Health and Human Services has recommended the development of recombinant counterparts to blood-derived therapeutic human proteins.1 In response to this recommendati...
Observations on the Origins of Holy Scripture (1923)

Research Article| April 01 1923 Observations on the Origins of Holy Scripture William R. Arnold William R. Arnold Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1923) 42 (1-2): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.2307/3259932 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation William R. Arnold; Observations on the Origins of Holy Scripture. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 April 1923; 42 (1-2): 1–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3259932 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Dengue Virus Non-structural Protein 1 Modulates Infectious Particle Production via Interaction with the Structural Proteins (2015)

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is one of the most enigmatic proteins of the Dengue virus (DENV), playing distinct functions in immune evasion, pathogenesis and viral replication. The recently reported crystal structure of DENV NS1 revealed its peculiar three-dimensional fold; however, detailed information on NS1 function at different steps of the viral replication cycle is still missing. By using the recently reported crystal structure, as well as amino acid sequence conservation, as a guide for a comprehensive site-directed mutagenesis study, we discovered that in addition to being essential for RNA replication, DENV NS1 is also critically required for the production of infectious virus particles. Taking advantage of a trans-complementation approach based on fully functional epitope-tagged NS1 variants, we identified previously unreported interactions between NS1 and the structural proteins Envelope (E) and precursor Membrane (prM). Interestingly, coimmunoprecipitation revealed an additional association with capsid, arguing that NS1 interacts via the structural glycoproteins with DENV particles. Results obtained with mutations residing either in the NS1 Wing domain or in the β-ladder domain suggest that NS1 might have two distinct functions in the assembly of DENV particles. By using a trans-complementation approach with a C-terminally KDEL-tagged ER-resident NS1, we demonstrate that the secretion of NS1 is dispensable for both RNA replication and infectious particle production. In conclusion, our results provide an extensive genetic map of NS1 determinants essential for viral RNA replication and identify a novel role of NS1 in virion production that is mediated via interaction with the structural proteins. These studies extend the list of NS1 functions and argue for a central role in coordinating replication and assembly/release of infectious DENV particles.