gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organization of developing Escherichia coli colonies viewed by scanning electron microscopy (1987)

Colony growth was initiated by inoculating minimal glucose agar with 1-microliter. spots of a plasmid-free Escherichia coli culture and incubating at 32 degrees C. Inoculations took place over a 3-day period, at the end of which the plates were fixed and dried for scanning electron microscopy. In this way, it was possible to examine the surfaces of colonies ranging in age from 0 to 68 h. Macroscopically, the colonies were organized into different concentric zones, and several morphological features could be seen to develop over this period. These included a shallow depression ring marking the site of inoculation, a deeper indentation ring whose position moved outward as the colony grew, an expanding plateau region between the two rings, a mound outside the indentation ring, and a flat brim extending onto the substrate which was either present or absent at different times. Microscopically, a variety of cell morphologies and cell arrangements were detected. Upon inoculation, the bacteria accumulated at the periphery of the inoculation spot but showed no other kind of order. For the first 7.5 h, all bacteria were rod shaped; at the end of this initial phase, a high degree of alignment was seen in the cells at the colony edge. By 24.5 h, both shorter more ovoid cells and longer filaments had begun to appear, and large multicellular arrays had formed. At later stages of colony development, morphologically distinguishable zones involving cells of different shapes and sizes had formed, and these zones often marked the boundaries of macroscopic features. The edges were particularly interesting and at 68 h displayed very sharp saw-toothed boundaries between concentrically organized groups of bacteria. There were some transient irregularities in the concentric organizations of growing colonies, and one colony had entered upon a distinct developmental pathway.
THE EFFECT OF ACIDS AND THEIR SALTS ON HEAT CONTRACTION OF RAT TENDON (1930)

By increasing the concentration of hydrogen‐ions a steplike lowering of the temperature of heat‐contraction in the tendon takes place. Nitric acid has more effect in lowering the temperature of heat‐contraction than has hydrochloric. The action of acetic acid is intermediate between the effects of these two mineral acids. The addition of NaCl (0.15 moles) to HCl does not modify the temperature of heat‐contraction of tendon. Sodium acetate (0.15 moles) lowers the temperature of heat‐contraction below that of acetic acid alone, while calcium acetate (0.075 and 0.15 moles) lowers it still further. The divalent salts BaCl 2 and CaCl 2 , added to HCl, have a much greater action in lowering the temperature of heat‐contraction than has HCl alone. Upon varying the concentration of salt, keeping the pH at 4.0 with HCl, it is found that NaCl and KCl up to a concentration of 0.6 moles do not affect the temperature of heat‐contraction of tendon. The higher concentrations of KNO 3 (0.038 moles to 0.15 moles) inhibit the action of HNO 3 . The temperature of heat‐contraction of tendon is lowered by BaCl 2 and CaCl 2 at concentrations between 0.038 and 0.062 moles. At a pH of 4.0 no difference is found in the action on tendon of the two salts in solutions of equal molar concentrations. We take pleasure in acknowledging our debt to Mr J. K. L. MacDonald for many helpful suggestions made in the course of this investigation.
Functional requirement of dicer1 and miR‐17‐5p in reactive astrocyte proliferation after spinal cord injury in the mouse (2014)

Reactive astrogliosis after spinal cord injury (SCI) contributes to glial scar formation that impedes axonal regeneration. The mechanisms underlying reactive astrocyte proliferation upon injury remain partially understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as a major class of post-transcriptional gene expression regulators that participate in many biological processes. However, miRNA function during reactive astrogliosis, particularly in injury-induced astrocyte proliferation, has not been carefully examined. In this study, we conditionally deleted Dicer1 gene encoding an enzyme that is required for mature miRNA generation, and examined the proliferative behavior of Dicer1-null reactive astrocytes in the transected mouse spinal cord. We found that injury-induced proliferation is blocked in Dicer1-null astrocytes. Previous reports indicate that miR-17-5p family members are upregulated during SCI. We therefore tested functional contribution of miR-17-5p to the proliferation of reactive astrocytes in vitro. Our results showed that a synthetic miR-17-5p mimic is able to rescue the proliferation defect of Dicer1-null astrocytes, while an antisense inhibitor of miR-17-5p blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced astrocytic proliferation. Similar results are also observed in leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-treated astroglial cultures suggesting that miR-17-5p particularly modulates reactive astrocyte proliferation initiated by LIF presumably via the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-17-5p leads to decrease of several cell cycle regulators in cultured astroglia and astrocytoma cell line C6. Our conclusion is that miRNAs are indispensable to the injury-induced reactive astrocyte proliferation, and that miR-17-5p may be a major player regulating this pathological process by affecting cell cycle machinery.
Aptamer-Based Impedimetric Sensor for Bacterial Typing (2012)

The development of an aptamer-based impedimetric sensor for typing of bacteria (AIST-B) is presented. Highly specific DNA aptamers to Salmonella enteritidis were selected via Cell-SELEX technique. Twelve rounds of selection were performed; each comprises a positive selection step against S. enteritidis and a negative selection step against a mixture of related pathogens, including Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Citrobacter freundii, to ensure the species-specificity of the selected aptamers. After sequencing of the pool showing the highest binding affinity to S. enteritidis, a DNA sequence of high affinity to the bacteria was integrated into an impedimetric sensor via self-assembly onto a gold nanoparticles-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (GNPs-SPCE). Remarkably, this aptasensor is highly selective and can successfully detect S. enteritidis down to 600 CFU mL(-1) (equivalent to 18 CFU in 30 μL assay volume) in 10 min and distinguish it from other Salmonella species, including S. typhimurium and S. choleraesuis. This report is envisaged to open a new venue for the aptamer-based typing of a variety of microorganisms using a rapid, economic, and label-free electrochemical platform.
Administration of Perilla Oil Coated with Calshell Increases Glucagon-Like Peptide Secretion (2008)

Recently, we found that unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (such as alpha-linolenic acid) promote the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) via G protein-coupled receptor GPR120, which is expressed predominantly in the colon. In order to ensure that the triglycerides or free fatty acids, such as alpha-linolenic acid, reach the distal intestinal tract effectively, we developed a Calshell technique. Following single treatment of Calshell perilla oil powder, the GLP-1 secretion level was significantly higher than following vehicle treatment, 120 min after treatment. Next, we examined the effects of long-term Calshell perilla oil powder treatment on GLP-1 secretion. Plasma GLP-1 level of Calshell perilla oil powder treatment was significantly higher than of vehicle treatment for 1, 14, 28 and 56 d. We thereby demonstrated for the first time the utility of Calshell oil powder treatment for effective and sustainable GLP-1 secretion. The Calshell technique is apparently useful as a drug delivery system, since Calshell unsaturated oil powder is protected from gastric acid, reaches enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract, and then induces effective incretin secretion.
Investigation of plasma exchange and hemoperfusion effects and complications for the treatment of patients with severe COVID‐19 (SARS‐CoV‐2) disease: A systematic scoping review (2021)

Some previous studies suggested that the plasma exchange (PE) and hemoperfusion (HP) played a cardinal role in the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases by diminishing the cytokine storm. This study aimed to assess the effects of PE and HP on cytokine storms in patients with severe COVID-19 through a systematic scoping review. Four Electronic databases (Medline [accessed from PubMed], Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane library) were searched systematically on February 2, 2021, using MESH terms and related keywords in the English language. Considering the titles and abstracts, unrelated studies were excluded. The full texts of the remained studies were evaluated by authors, independently. Then, their findings were assessed and reported. A total of 755 articles were obtained within the first step of searching, and 518 remained after removing the duplications. Through the title and abstract screening, 438 were removed. Of the rest, 59 papers were excluded. Finally, after reading the full text of the remained articles, 21 were included in data extraction. Most of the previously reported evidence were case reports and case series. Findings were summarized in two categories. The first category encompassed nine studies regarding HP and continuous renal replacement therapy, and the second category included twelve studies about PE. The results revealed that HP and PE within the cytokine storm phase would be beneficial with a high probability in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients. Highlights Some studies showed that plasma exchange (PE) and hemoperfusion (HP) played an important role in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. The results of this systematic scoping review revealed that HP and PE within the cytokine storm phase would be beneficial with a high probability in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients.
Antifungal Activity of Mentha spicata (1994)

Extracts of leaves of 40 species of higher plants were screened for antifungal activity against Fusar-ium oxysporum f. sp. lentis. An extract of Mentha spicata L. completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the test pathogen. The maximum dilution of the extract for absolute inhibition (MDAI) was found to be 1:2 (w/v). At this dilution the extract was fungistatic and exhibited a broad spectrum of activity. The extract remained active up to 6 days during storage and even after autoclaving. Furthermore, the extract did not show any adverse effect on the host plant in respect to seed germination and morphology.
THE GENETIC CONTROL OF DISSIMILATORY PATHWAYS IN <i>PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA</i> (1970)

W E shall present here an analysis of the linkage relationhsips among structural genes that control steps of the /3-ketoadipate pathway and two other dissimilatory pathways in a fluorescent pseudomonad, Pseudomonas putida.
Sensor based Hyperthermia Alert Car Application (2016)

Leaving children unattended in car for few moments, especially in hot atmosphere can cause a catastrophic tragedy to occur. Even young children can die of hyperthermia after being left in hot cars for a period of time. This paper presents HACC (Hyperthermia Alert for Children in Cars) system to help in preventing tragic child death caused by hyperthermia using detection and control system inside car. HACC system has been accomplished by developing a phone application and a surveillance system connected together to monitor temperature and presence of a child inside car. The system starts to measure temperature inside car via temperature sensor. At the same time, it checks constantly the presence of child inside car via motion sensor. When system detects the presence of a child and temperature inside car reaches unsafe limit, it alerts caregiver via smartphone application and allows him/her at the same time to take an action and open windows remotely. If there is no response from caregiver, system itself reacts and windows are opened automatically.
Lighter General Anesthesia Causes Less Decrease in Arterial Pressure Induced by Epinephrine Scalp Infiltration During Neurosurgery (2007)

Scalp infiltration with epinephrine-containing lidocaine solution can elicit significant hypotension before craniotomy under general anesthesia. A prospective randomized controlled study was designed to observe whether a lighter depth of general anesthesia could prevent the unintentional hypotension induced by the epinephrine scalp infiltration during neurosurgery or not. Fifty patients undergoing scheduled neurosurgery involving craniotomy were randomly allocated into 2 groups. After anesthesia induction, anesthesia was maintained with propofol 2 mug/mL and rimifentanil 2 ng/mL by target-controlled infusion in group 1, and propofol 4 microg/mL and rimifentanil 4 ng/mL in group 2 (control group), respectively. All the patients received epinephrine scalp infiltration with 1% lidocaine 16 mL containing epinephrine 5 microg/mL. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were recorded at 30-second interval from the baseline to 5 minutes after the beginning of local infiltration. Bispectral index readings indicated group 1 had the lighter general anesthesia than group 2 (P<0.05). MAP was higher (P<0.05) and heart rate was lower (P<0.05) at 1.5 minutes time point in group 1 than group 2. The mean percentage of maximal decrease in MAP was group 1 (13%) <group 2 (24%) (P<0.05). The mean percentage of maximal increase in MAP was group 1 (10%)> group 2 (4%) without significant difference (P>0.05). The results implied that keeping a lighter general anesthesia caused less decrease in arterial blood pressure and was a relative effective method to prevent hypotension episode induced by epinephrine scalp infiltration.
Video Segmentation with Just a Few Strokes (2015)

As the use of videos is becoming more popular in computer vision, the need for annotated video datasets increases. Such datasets are required either as training data or simply as ground truth for benchmark datasets. A particular challenge in video segmentation is due to disocclusions, which hamper frame-to-frame propagation, in conjunction with non-moving objects. We show that a combination of motion from point trajectories, as known from motion segmentation, along with minimal supervision can largely help solve this problem. Moreover, we integrate a new constraint that enforces consistency of the color distribution in successive frames. We quantify user interaction effort with respect to segmentation quality on challenging ego motion videos. We compare our approach to a diverse set of algorithms in terms of user effort and in terms of performance on common video segmentation benchmarks.
Interconnect junctions for thin-film tandem solar cells (2003)

Polycrystalline thin-film, tandem solar cells promise high efficiencies and high open-circuit voltages. Along with the high-bandgap top cell, a thin-film interconnect junction is one of the more demanding components of a monolithic tandem. We will present electrical, optical, structural, and device-compatibility results from several interconnect junctions grown on Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/, CdTe, and Si absorber layers. The physics of an interconnect junction will be discussed as a guide for choosing appropriate materials. Although emphasis will be placed on several promising transparent p-type materials, results from degenerate n-type materials will also be discussed. Results of an n/sup +//p/sup +/ interconnect junction in a monolithic tandem will be presented.
Human Metapneumovirus: Lessons Learned over the First Decade (2011)

It has been 10 years since human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was identified as a causative agent of respiratory illness in humans. Since then, numerous studies have contributed to a substantial body of knowledge on many aspects of HMPV. This review summarizes our current knowledge on HMPV, HMPV disease pathogenesis, and disease intervention strategies and identifies a number of areas with key questions to be addressed in the future.
A glass disk calorimeter for pulsed lasers (1970)

Because existing calorimeters are not adequate to measure Q-switched laser pulses accurately, we have designed a calorimeter in which the beam passes through two glass disks, one of green plate (absorbing from 0·6-1·6 μm), the other of clear plate. A laser pulse creates a temperature difference which is sensed by thermocouples. 70% of the incident energy passes through the device and is available for experiment. Thermal drift is low enough to obtain 1% accuracy at 10 mJ input energy. For energies up to 0·1 J, any pulse length from 1 s to 0·1 ps can be used. Energies up to 50 J can be used provided the power density at the glass does not exceed 40 MW cm−2.
Quenching rate constants for metastable argon, krypton, and xenon atoms by fluorine containing molecules and branching ratios for XeF* and KrF* formation (1976)

The flowing afterglow technique was used to study the reactions of Xe(3P2), Kr(3P2), and Ar(3P2) metastable atoms with small fluorine containing molecules. Fluorides from Groups III through VIII (XeF2) were examined. Although all the fluorides have large quenching rate constants, only F2, XeF2, some interhalogen fluorides, and small molecules with the OF or NF bond have high branching ratios for XeF* or KrF* excimer formation. The branching ratio measurements were made via comparison to the XeCl* and KrCl* emission intensities from reaction of Xe(3P2) and Kr(3P2) with Cl2, which were adopted as reference reactions. Within experimental error, the branching ratios are unity for Kr(3P2) and Xe(3P2) with Cl2, F2, and OF2. Increasing the argon pressure from 1–40 torr gives extensive vibrational relaxation but no electronic quenching of the lowest energy excimer state of XeF*, XeCl*, KrCl*, or KrF*. Increasing pressure also reduces the intensity of the secondary emission system of KrCl* and XeCl* which implies collisional transfer from the (2Π3/2) to the 2Σ+ excimer state. The occurrence of vibrational relaxation suggests a spontaneous radiative lifetime of ∼50 nsec. A higher energy excimer state (2Π1/2) was identified for XeF*, XeCl*, XeBr*, XeI*, KrF*, and KrCl*. Discussion is presented regarding the chemical dynamics and chemiluminescence of these reaction systems.
The role of machine learning in clinical research: transforming the future of evidence generation (2021)

ML holds great promise for improving the efficiency and quality of clinical research, but substantial barriers remain, the surmounting of which will require addressing significant gaps in evidence.
Moving-Coil Telephone Receivers and Microphones* (1931)

A description is given of a moving-coil head receiver and a microphone designed particularly for high quality transmission. The instruments have a substantially uniform response from 40 to 10,000 c.p.s. This uniformity of response has been obtained, without sacrifice of sensitivity, by the use of light moving parts and the association of special types of acoustic networks with the diaphragm. In practical use the microphone has a sensitivity about 10 db higher than that of the Western Electric 394 Condenser Microphone.
Compound A, a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist, inhibits immunoinflammatory diabetes, induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin in mice (2014)

Anti-diabetic properties of CpdA are mediated through modulation of immune cell-mediated pathways, but without triggering adverse events. These findings provide basic information for the therapeutic use of selective GR agonists in the amelioration of islet-directed autoimmunity.
A New and Efficient Synthesis of the m-Selective Opioid Antagonist Cyprodime (1994)

The p-selective opioid antagonist cypmdime has been prepared in a six-step sequence starting from naltrexone.The 3-hydmxy group of naltrexone was removed via tetrazdyl ether (3) which was hydrogenated catalytically to give 17-cyclopmpylmethyl-4,%-epoxy-14hydroxymonan-Gone (4).Methylation gave 17-cyclopmpylmethyl-6,7-didehydr~4,%-epoxy,14dimethoxymorphinan( 5 ) and hydrolysis of it 17-cyclopmpylmethyl-4,5a-epoxy-l4methoxymorphina1-Gone (6).Reductive opening of the 43epoxy bridge and methylation of the resulting phenol (7) yielded cyprodime (1).Cyprodime (1) is a pure opioid antagonist with high selectivity for p r e ~e ~t o n . 1
Biochemical Characterization of Wild-Type and Mutant Isoamylases of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Supports a Function of the Multimeric Enzyme Organization in Amylopectin Maturation (2001)

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants of the STA8 gene produce reduced amounts of high amylose starch and phytoglycogen. In contrast to the previously described phytoglycogen-producing mutants of C. reinhardtii that contain no residual isoamylase activity, the sta8 mutants still contained 35% of the normal amount of enzyme activity. We have purified this residual isoamylase and compared it with the wild-type C. reinhardtii enzyme. We have found that the high-mass multimeric enzyme has reduced its average mass at least by one-half. This coincides with the disappearance of two out of the three activity bands that can be seen on zymogram gels. Wild-type and mutant enzymes are shown to be located within the plastid. In addition, they both act by cleaving off the outer branches of polysaccharides with no consistent difference in enzyme specificity. Because the mutant enzyme was demonstrated to digest phytoglycogen to completion in vitro, we propose that its inability to do so in vivo supports a function of the enzyme complex architecture in the processing of pre-amylopectin chains.
Practical Procedure for Calibrating Microscopic Traffic Simulation Models (2003)

Since the use of simulation is becoming widespread in traffic engineering practice, questions about the accuracy and reliability of its results need to be addressed convincingly. A major criticism related to this issue is proper calibration of the simulation parameters as well as validation, which is often not done or dealt with in an ad hoc fashion. A complete, systematic, and general calibration methodology is presented for obtaining the accuracy needed in high-performance situations. A technique for automating a significant part of the calibration process through an optimization process is also presented. The methodology is general and is implemented on a selected simulator to demonstrate its applicability. The results of the implementation in two freeway sections of reasonable size and complexity, in which detailed data were collected and compared with simulated results, demonstrate the effectiveness of the manual calibration methodology. For instance, through calibration the average volume correlation coefficient on 21 detecting stations improved from 0.78 to 0.96. Comparable results were obtained with the automated calibration procedure with significant time savings and reduced effort.
Circulating Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Is Inversely Associated with Glycemic Control and S100A12 Protein (2006)

Plasma level of sRAGE is down-regulated in chronic hyperglycemia; among its ligands, S100A12 protein, but not CML, appears to be associated with this effect.
Evaluation of influence of mineral oil immersion on dielectrical properties of silicone polymers by Thermal Analysis (2009)

In this paper ageing phenomena of polymer insulating materials due to exposure to mineral oil is investigated with focus on dielectrical properties of cable insulations. Silicone specimens were immersed into mineral oils such as gasoline, diesel fuel or motor oil. The dielectric parameters show a significant increase both in permittivity and loss factor. A Simultaneous Thermal Analysis has been performed in order to indicate changes in specimen polymer structure. It could be shown that the specimens with decreased electrical performance suffered from permanent chemical degradation.