gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal One-Pot and Scalable Synthesis of SERS Encoded Nanoparticles (2015)

Encoded particles are one of the most powerful approaches for multiplex high-throughput screening. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based codification can, in principle, avoid many of the intrinsic limitations due to conventional alternatives, as it decreases the reading time and particle size while allowing for almost unlimited codification. Unfortunately, methods for the synthetic preparation of these particles are tedious; often subjected to limited reproducibility (associated with large fluctuations in the size distributions of the polymers employed in the standard protocols); and to date, limited to a small amount of molecules. Herein, we report a universal, one-pot, inexpensive, and scalable synthetic protocol for the fabrication of SERS-encoded nanoparticles. This synthetic strategy is highly reproducible, independent of the chemical nature and size of the Raman code used (31 different codes were tested) and scalable in the liter range without affecting the final properties of the encoded structures. Furthermore, the SERS efficiency of the fabricated encoded nanoparticles is superior to that of the materials produced by conventional methods, while showing a remarkable reproducibility from batch to batch. This encoding strategy can easily be applied to nanoparticles of different materials and shapes.
Performance characteristics of a new generation of processing circuits for PET applications (2003)

An electronics architecture for a PET camera is presented which utilizes a newly developed ASIC, CFD, and TDC to fully utilize the timing advantages of an LSO scintillation crystal. Measured intrinsic timing resolution for a LSO/PMT detector against plastic/PMT detector is 900 ps FWHM using the newly developed ASIC electronics. The energy and pixel location are derived using continuous sampling ADCs with FPGA digital processing algorithms. Sampled PMT signals are rescaled using the CFD trigger to recalibrate the energy and position since the ADCs are asynchronous with the events. The overall linearity of the energy channels is 1.8% for a 6:1 input dynamic range. The electronics are designed to be compatible with large and small area LSO or BGO detectors used in PET imaging.
Role of miRNAs in Melanoma Metastasis (2019)

Tumour metastasis is a multistep process. Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer and metastasis accounts for the majority of patient deaths. microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that affect the expression of their target genes. When aberrantly expressed they contribute to the development of melanoma. While miRNAs can act locally in the cell where they are synthesized, they can also influence the phenotype of neighboring melanoma cells or execute their function in the direct tumour microenvironment by modulating ECM (extracellular matrix) and the activity of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. miRNAs are involved in all stages of melanoma metastasis, including intravasation into the lumina of vessels, survival during circulation in cardiovascular or lymphatic systems, extravasation, and formation of the pre-metastatic niche in distant organs. miRNAs contribute to metabolic alterations that provide a selective advantage during melanoma progression. They play an important role in the development of drug resistance, including resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Distinct profiles of miRNA expression are detected at each step of melanoma development. Since miRNAs can be detected in liquid biopsies, they are considered biomarkers of early disease stages or response to treatment. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the role of miRNAs in melanoma metastasis.
Self-Supervised Spatio-Temporal Representation Learning Using Variable Playback Speed Prediction (2020)

We propose a self-supervised learning method by predicting the variable playback speeds of a video. Without semantic labels, we learn the spatio-temporal representation of the video by leveraging the variations in the visual appearance according to different playback speeds under the assumption of temporal coherence. To learn the spatio-temporal variations in the entire video, we have not only predicted a single playback speed but also generated clips of various playback speeds with randomized starting points. We then train a 3D convolutional network by solving the formulation that sorts the shuffled clips by their playback speed. In this case, the playback speed includes both forward and reverse directions; hence the visual representation can be successfully learned from the directional dynamics of the video. We also propose a novel layer-dependable temporal group normalization method that can be applied to 3D convolutional networks to improve the representation learning performance where we divide the temporal features into several groups and normalize each one using the different corresponding parameters. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed method by fine-tuning it to the action recognition task. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art self-supervised learning methods in action recognition.
The Formal Design Model of an Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) (2010)

An Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is a safety-critical and real-time system that is highly complicated in design and implementation. This article presents the formal design, specification, and modeling of the ATM system using a denotational mathematics known as Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA). The conceptual model of the ATM system is introduced as the initial requirements for the system. The architectural model of the ATM system is created using RTPA architectural modeling methodologies and refined by a set of Unified Data Models (UDMs), which share a generic mathematical model of tuples. The static behaviors of the ATM system are specified and refined by a set of Unified Process Models (UPMs) for the ATM transition processing and system supporting processes. The dynamic behaviors of the ATM system are specified and refined by process priority allocation, process deployment, and process dispatch models. Based on the formal design models of the ATM system, code can be automatically generated using the RTPA Code Generator (RTPA-CG), or be seamlessly transformed into programs by programmers. The formal models of ATM may not only serve as a formal design paradigm of real-time software systems, but also a test bench for the expressive power and modeling capability of exiting formal methods in software engineering.
Estimating Odds Ratios in Genome Scans: An Approximate Conditional Likelihood Approach (2020)

In modern whole-genome scans, the use of stringent thresholds to control the genome-wide testing error distorts the estimation process, producing estimated effect sizes that may be on average far greater in magnitude than the true effect sizes. We introduce a method, based on the estimate of genetic effect and its standard error as reported by standard statistical software, to correct for this bias in case-control association studies. Our approach is widely applicable, is far easier to implement than competing approaches, and may often be applied to published studies without access to the original data. We evaluate the performance of our approach via extensive simulations for a range of genetic models, minor allele frequencies, and genetic effect sizes. Compared to the naive estimation procedure, our approach reduces the bias and the mean squared error, especially for modest effect sizes. We also develop a principled method to construct confidence intervals for the genetic effect that acknowledges the conditioning on statistical significance. Our approach is described in the specific context of odds ratios and logistic modeling but is more widely applicable. Application to recently published data sets demonstrates the relevance of our approach to modern genome scans.
Positive pivot shift after ACL reconstruction predicts later osteoarthrosis63 patients followed 5–9 years after surgery (2004)

The ability to obliterate the pivoting by ACL reconstruction appears to be more important than normalizing the AP laxity in order to prevent later OA.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐HMF into 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid with Pt Catalysts Supported on TiO<sub>2</sub>‐ and ZrO<sub>2</sub>‐Based Supports (2015)

Pt catalysts prepared over different metallic oxide supports were investigated in the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) in alkaline aqueous solutions with air, to examine the combined effect of the support and base addition. The base (nature and amount) played a significant role in the degradation or oxidation of HMF. Increasing amounts of the weak NaHCO3 base improved significantly the overall catalytic activity of Pt/TiO2 and Pt/ZrO2 by accelerating the oxidation steps, especially for the aldehyde group. This was highlighted by a proposed kinetic model that gave very good concentration-time fittings. Moreover, the promotion of the catalyst with bismuth yielded a PtBi/TiO2 catalytic system with improved activity and stability. Y2 O3  and La2 O3 ZrO2 -supported catalysts exhibited lower activity than Pt/ZrO2 , which suggests no cooperative effect of the weakly basic properties introduced and the homogeneous base. Quantitative oxidation of HMF (0.1 M) and high yields of FDCA (>99 %) were obtained in less than 5 h by using an HMF/Pt molar ratio of 100 and Na2 CO3 as a weak base over PtBi/TiO2 (Bi/Pt=0.22).
Biocatalytic Janus membranes for CO<sub>2</sub> removal utilizing carbonic anhydrase (2015)

A novel Janus membrane concept was proposed. The immobilized CA was located near the gas–liquid interface, therefore maximizing its efficiency.
Electron-beam lithography assisted patterning of surfactant-templated mesoporous thin films (2004)

Here we report a novel approach to fabricating patterned three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous thin films by spin coating a surfactant-templated SiO2 or TiO2 precursor solution onto electron-beam (EB) lithographically prepared resist moulds. Subsequent mechanical polishing and calcination led to patterned SiO2 or TiO2 thin films with uniform mesopores and an amorphous or nanocrystalline framework. This approach provides a novel route for patterning mesoporous non-siliceous thin films as well as silica with feature sizes from hundreds of nanometres to sub-millimetres over areas of several square centimetres. This is of much interest for the miniaturization of devices and for potential applications from low-k materials to optoelectronic devices and biochemical sensors.
An Inter-Domain Path Computation Scheme Adaptive to Traffic Load in Domains (2010)

The establishment of inter-domain traffic engineered paths is a requisite to accomplishing an end-to-end bandwidth guarantee and end-to-end resource optimization. Though the inter-domain paths must be reliable, it is difficult to compute suitable backup inter-domain paths in advance when the traffic engineering information is not disclosed outside of each domain. This means that the inter-domain path computation must satisfy the severe requirement of path establishment delay, since all inter-domain paths traversing the links in failure need to be computed after the failure occurs. Though several inter-domain path computation schemes have been proposed, their relative characteristics remain unknown. First, this paper classifies the conventional inter-domain path computation schemes into two types, i.e. end-to-end and per-domain schemes, and compares their performances under various traffic loads. Based on results of the comparisons, this paper proposes an adaptive inter-domain path computation scheme that can satisfy the severe requirement of the path establishment delay. In this scheme, the domain sequence from the source node to the destination node is divided into multiple sub-domain sequences according to the traffic load in each domain. The end-to-end path computation scheme is applied to the sub-domain sequences under heavy traffic loads, while the per-domain path computation scheme is applied to those under normal traffic loads. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can adaptively satisfy the requirement for the path establishment delay while it maintains the optimality of path computation, even if the traffic load applied to each domain changes.
Contrast‐agent phase effects: An experimental system for analysis of susceptibility, concentration, and bolus input function kinetics (1997)

A system is presented for experimental arterial input function (AIF) simulation and for accurate measurement of the concentration, susceptibility effects, and magnetic moment of paramagnetic MR contrast agents. Signal effects of contrast agents are evaluated with a stable, well-characterized, and precise experimental setup. A cylindrical phantom and a closed-loop circulating flow system were designed for AIF simulation, assessment of the physical determinants of contrast-agent phase effects, and measurement of contrast-agent properties under controlled conditions. A mathematical model of the AIF dynamics is proposed. From the experimental phase shift (delta phi), either the concentration or molar susceptibility, chiM, is determined. The linear dependence of delta phi on concentration and echo time (TE), the orientation dependence, and the lack of dependence on T1, T2, and diffusion time are proven precisely for water solutions under a wide variety of conditions. The measured effective magnetic moment of Gd+3, mu(eff), was 7.924 +/- 0.015 Bohr magnetons in agreement with the theoretical value of 7.937.
Sélection du personnel dans une grande entreprise de transports. La Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (1950)

Bernard . Sélection du personnel dans une grande entreprise de transports. La Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens . In: Bulletin du Groupe d'études de psychologie de l'Université de Paris, 4e année n°1-2, 1950. pp. 46-53.
Functional down-regulation of α5β1 integrin in keratinocytes is reversible but commitment to terminal differentiation is not (1993)

Extracellular matrix receptors of the integrin family have a dual role in the epidermis, regulating both adhesion and differentiation. Loss of contact with the extracellular matrix causes keratinocytes to become committed to terminal differentiation, and results in a decrease in the ability of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin to bind fibronectin. We have investigated whether the decrease in ligand-binding ability is reversible and, if so, whether commitment to terminal differentiation can also be reversed. Keratinocytes that had been placed in suspension for 5 hours to induce commitment were compared with the starting population (0 hour cells) in the presence or absence of 8A2, an activating anti-beta 1 antibody. 8A2 IgG or FAb fragments increased the amount of alpha 5 beta 1 in cell extracts that bound to fibronectin-Sepharose and in the presence of 8A2 the amount of bound alpha 5 beta 1 in 0 hour and 5 hour extracts was equal. 8A2 also restored alpha 5 beta 1 function in adhesion assays of intact 5 hour cells. Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ alone, at concentrations of up to 1 mM, did not increase the adhesiveness of 5 hour cells relative to 0 hour cells; however, the effect of 8A2 on keratinocytes was dependent on Ca2+. Although 8A2 restored alpha 5 beta 1 ligand-binding ability it did not prevent committed cells from withdrawing from the cell cycle and expressing involucrin, a differentiation marker.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analytical aspects of ozone treatment of water and wastewater - a monograph. Final report (1987)

With the ever-increasing interest in the application of ozone for water and wastewater treatment, several major questions arise in the minds of those new to the field: (1) What is the nature of ozone. (2) How is ozone applied in water and wastewater treatment. (3) How is ozone used in its various applications. (4) How are the generation of ozone and ozonation reactions controlled analytically. (5) How are ozonation processes automated. Because ozone is a gas at normal temperatures and pressures, because it is only partially soluble in aqueous media, and because it decomposes in aqueous media at significant rates (i.e., with a half-life usually of less than one hour), analyses for ozone and control led ozone generation and ozonation reactions are unique to this advancing technology.
A Slow Maturation of a Cysteine Protease with a Granulin Domain in the Vacuoles of Senescing Arabidopsis Leaves (2001)

Arabidopsis RD21 is a cysteine protease of the papain family. Unlike other members of the papain family, RD21 has a C-terminal extension sequence composed of two domains, a 2-kD proline-rich domain and a 10-kD domain homologous to animal epithelin/granulin family proteins. The RD21 protein was accumulated as 38- and 33-kD proteins in Arabidopsis leaves. An immunoblot showed that the 38-kD protein had the granulin domain, whereas the 33-kD protein did not. A pulse-chase experiment with Bright-Yellow 2 transformant cells expressing RD21 showed that RD21 was synthesized as a 57-kD precursor and was then slowly processed to make the 33-kD mature protein via the 38-kD intermediate. After a 12-h chase, the 38-kD intermediate was still detected in the cells. These results indicate that the N-terminal propeptide was first removed from the 57-kD precursor, and the C-terminal granulin domain was then slowly removed to yield the 33-kD mature protein. Subcellular fractionation of the Bright-Yellow 2 transformant showed that the intermediate and mature forms of RD21 were localized in the vacuoles. Under the acidic conditions of the vacuolar interior, the intermediate was found to be easily aggregated. The intermediate and the mature protein were accumulated in association with leaf senescence. Taken together, these results indicate that the intermediate of RD21 was accumulated in the vacuoles as an aggregate, and then slowly matured to make a soluble protease by removing the granulin domain during leaf senescence.
Surface IgG subclasses in human B cell lymphomas as revealed by monoclonal antibodies. (1984)

IgG subclass expression on cells from lymph node biopsies of 17 sIgG positive B cell lymphomas has been studied. Subclass specific monoclonal antibodies were used in an immunoradiometric assay. Ten were also tested by immunofluorescence using a biotin-avidin system. Thirteen of the lymphomas expressed IgG only, while four co-expressed other Ig isotypes. Morphological investigations revealed that 14 lymphomas originated from germinal centre cells. IgG1 was found to be dominant subclass in 10 lymphomas, IgG3 in seven, IgG2 in one, while none expressed IgG4. Multiple IgG subclasses could not be detected in any of the lymphomas tested.
Inhibiting factors produced by lactic acid bacteria. 2. Bacteriocins and other antibacterial substances (1992)

Lactic acid bacteria can produce a variety of substances with antibacterial activity which are described in this article. Non-peptide antibacterial substances are distinguished from bacteriocins, which have a proteinaceous active site. Among the former, reuterin produced by Lactobacillus reuteri is a broad spectrum inhibitor active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, molds and protozoas. It is a glycerol derivative, l3-hydroxypropionaldehyde.
Benthic foraminiferal δ<sup>18</sup>O in the ocean's temperature‐salinity‐density field: Constraints on Ice Age thermohaline circulation (1991)

Benthic δ 18 O data from 95 core sites are used to infer possible temperature‐salinity (T‐S) fields of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). A constraint of stable density stratification yields logically consistent scenarios for both T and S. The solutions are not unique but are useful as a thinking tool. Using GEOSECS data, we solve for the modem relationship between δ 18 O water (δ w ) and salinity in the deep sea: δ w (SMOW) = 1.529 * S ‐ 53.18. As a starting point, we assume that the slope of this equation applies to LGM conditions and predict δ 18 O calcite (δ c ) gradients in equilibrium with probable T‐S fields of LGM deep and bottom waters. Benthic foraminiferal δ 18 O data from the deep Pacific (2–4 km depth), and the bottom Atlantic (> 4 km depth), are 0.1–0.2‰ lower than from the deep Atlantic (2–4 km depth) at the LGM. If the modern δ w ‐S slope applies, Atlantic deep and bottom waters were more dense than Pacific deep waters. This assumption would imply bottom waters both fresher (ΔS >0.5) and colder (ΔT ∼3°C) than overlying deep waters, in conflict with other data, suggesting ice age deep water much colder than at present. It is also possible that the observed δ c gradients are an artifact of laboratory intercalibration. If Atlantic deep and bottom water δ c values were similar to deep Pacific values, this would be consistent with the hypothesis of a stronger southern ocean versus North Atlantic source for deep‐ocean ventilation at the LGM. Taking the observed gradients at face value, however, a solution could be that the LGM δ w ‐S slope in deep and bottom waters was higher than at present, conceivably because of a stronger contribution of salt to the deep ocean via more intense sea ice freezing. This would allow Pacific deep waters and Atlantic bottom waters to have a common source, again in the Antarctic. Both would be more dense than Atlantic deep waters, even though the deep waters were much colder than at present. To better constrain these inferences drawn from the spatial distribution of benthic δ 18 O, we must reduce scatter in the δ 18 O data with more high‐quality measurements in high sedimentation rate cores. This is especially true at bottom water sites. Also, we must intercalibrate mass spectrometers at different isotope laboratories more accurately, to insure our isotope data are compatible.
Poison centers in America: how well do they perform. (1990)

Marked differences in cell volume, service area, and center resources continue to exist between poison centers certified by the American Association of Poison Control Centers as Regional Poison Centers and those not meeting these criteria. However, the present clinical significance, if any, of these factors remains unproven. The only previous study, conducted in 1980, used only 1 test problem and did not attempt to separately analyze each of the differences between Regional Poison Centers and Non-regional Poison Centers. This study solicited the participation of all 208 US poison centers existing. Fifty-four poison centers (REGIONAL CENTERS 16/34 = 47%, NON-REGIONAL CENTERS 38/173 = 22%) agreed to participate. Three problems were presented to each center by simulated callers. Considerable variation was observed in efficiency and in extent of information provided. Overall, Regional Centers provided complete and correct answers for 83% of the presented cases, while Non-regional Centers did so in 57% of the cases. Although Regional Center status, staff experience, center call volume, medical direction all appear to be important, the most predictive factors were staff and center experience.
Thinned dies in a stretchable package (2012)

Conformable, stretchable electronic circuits relying on conventional high-performance electronic materials have been realized. Thinned dies (∼ 30 μm thickness) are embedded in a slim polyimide package (50 μm–60 μm thickness), electrically connected using polyimide-supported thin-film meandering gold conductors and subsequently embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The technology is demonstrated by embedding a commercially available microcontroller, i.e. a MSP430F1611 (Texas Instruments), thinned down to ∼ 30 μm thickness.