gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
XML pool encryption (2002)

This paper describes an alternative encryption method for XML [1] which is capable to encrypt single XML Information Set [2] items. It is able to hide the size and the existence of encrypted contents. As a result, it prevents a 'traffic analysis', i.e. it's analogous counterpart for documents. In 2001, the W3C launched the XML Encryption working group which, among other things, defined how to encrypt portions of XML documents [3]. The portion must always be a subtree or a consecutive sequence of subtrees. On the other hand, XML Access Control allows more granular restrictions on what portions on an XML document a client is allowed to see: XML Access Control can remove an ancestor node from a document while leaving a descendant node in the document. This paper describes an encryption system which allows to have these 'deep children' in plaintext while having the ancestors encrypted, i.e. bringing the property from XML Access Control to XML Encryption.
Reactive metabolites of phenacetin and acetaminophen: a review (1983)

Phenacetin can be metabolized to reactive metabolites by a variety of mechanisms. (1) Phenacetin can be N-hydroxylated, and the resulting N-hydroxyphenacetin can be sulfated or glucuronidated. Whereas phenacetin N-O sulfate immediately rearranges to form a reactive metabolite which may covalently bind to protein, phenacetin N-O glucuronide slowly rearranges to form reactive metabolites. Incubation of the purified phenacetin N-O glucuronide under a variety of conditions suggests that N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine is a reactive metabolite. This metabolite covalently binds to protein, reacts with glutathione to form an acetaminophen-glutathione conjugate, is reduced by ascorbate to acetaminophen or is partially hydrolyzed to acetamide. (2) Phenacetin can be O-deethylated to acetaminophen, and acetaminophen can be converted directly to a reactive metabolite which may be also N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. (3) Phenacetin can be sequentially N-hydroxylated and O-deethylated to N-hydroxyacetaminophen which spontaneously dehydrates to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. (4) Phenacetin can be 3, 4-epoxidated to form an alkylating and an arylating metabolite. In the presence of glutathione, a S-ethylglutathione conjugate and an acetaminophen-glutathione conjugate are formed. In the absence of glutathione, the alkylating metabolite may bind to protein and the arylating metabolite is completely hydrolyzed to acetamide and another arylating metabolite which may bind to protein. The structures of the alkylating and arylating metabolites are unknown. Control experiments have shown that in pathway (1) the phenolic oxygen of the acetaminophenglutathione conjugate is derived from water, whereas in pathways (2) and (3) the phenolic oxygen of this metabolite is derived from phenacetin. In pathway (4) the phenolic oxygen was 50% derived from molecular oxygen and 50% from phenacetin. Administration of [p-(18)0]phenacetin to hamsters revealed only a 10% loss of (18)0 in the acetaminophen mercapturic acid (the further metabolic product of the glutathione conjugate) which suggests that, in the hamster, pathways (2) and/or (3) are the primary mechanism of conversion of phenacetin to reactive metabolites in vivo.
Diagnosis of Bovine Theileriosis by Direct PCR and Electrophoresis from Whole Blood Without DNA Extraction (2003)

소의 타일레리아병 진단을 위해 DNA 추출과정 없이 전혈에서 바로 중합효소연쇄반응(PCR)을 통하여 T. buffeli(buffeli/orientalis/sergenti)의 16S rRNA 유전자 단편을 증폭시킨 뒤, 증폭된 DNA를 전기영동법으로 분석하는 방법을 개발하였다. 특이유전자 단편의 증폭을 위해 formamide를 사용하여 혈액세포를 용해시켰으며, 단백질의 응고를 줄이기 위해 낮은 반응온도를 사용하는 FoLT(Formamide Low Temp.) PCR법을 이용하였다. 전혈 100-200 nL를 바로 PCR 증폭에 사용하였으며, PCR 산물(816-bp DNA)은 전기영동법으로 분석하였다. 본 결과는 T. buffeli에 감염된 소의 혈액으로부터 정제된 DNA를 사용하여 얻은 실험결과와 잘 일치하였다. We have developed a direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis method for the diagnosis of bovine theileriosis from whole blood DNA analysis without DNA extraction. The technique empolyed a FoLT (formamide, low temp.) technique and was utilized in the diagnosis of bovine theileriosis. Formamide solubilize the blood cells, and the lowered incubation temperatures reduced protein coagulation. 100-200 nL of whole blood and PCR reagents were introduced directly into a PCR tube. After the amplification, the PCR product (816-bp DNA) was introduced into the electrophoresis system. The results of this analysis were consist with those obtained using purified DNA.
A<sub>1</sub>Adenosine Receptor Activation Promotes Angiogenesis and Release of VEGF From Monocytes (2007)

Adenosine is a proangiogenic purine nucleoside released from ischemic and hypoxic tissues. Of the 4 adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3), the A2 and A3 have been previously linked to the modulation of angiogenesis. We used the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model to determine whether A1 AR activation affects angiogenesis. We cloned and pharmacologically characterized chicken AR subtypes to evaluate the selectivity of various agonists and antagonists. Application of the A1 AR-selective agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA; 100 nmol/L) to the CAM resulted in a 40% increase in blood vessel number (P<0.01), which was blocked by the A1 AR-selective antagonist C8-(N-methylisopropyl)-amino-N6-(5'-endohydroxy)-endonorbornan-2-yl-9-methyladenine (WRC-0571; 1 micromol/L). Selective A2A AR agonists did not stimulate angiogenesis in the CAM. In an ex vivo rat aortic ring model of angiogenesis that includes cocultured endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells, 50 nmol/L CPA did not directly stimulate capillary formation; however, medium from human mononuclear cells pretreated with CPA, but not vehicle, increased capillary formation by 48% (P<0.05). This effect was blocked by WRC-0571 (1.5 micromol/L) or anti-VEGF antibody (1 microg/mL). CPA (5 nmol/L) stimulated a 1.7-fold increase in VEGF release from the mononuclear cells. This is the first study to show that A1 AR activation induces angiogenesis. Stimulation of A2 ARs on endothelial cells results in proliferation and tube formation, and A2 and A3 ARs on inflammatory cells modulate release of angiogenic factors. We conclude that adenosine promotes a coordinated angiogenic response through its interactions with multiple receptors on multiple cell types.
Lewis Acid-Mediated Michaelis−Arbuzov Reaction at Room Temperature: A Facile Preparation of Arylmethyl/Heteroarylmethyl Phosphonates (2011)

A facile preparation of arylmethyl and heteroarylmethyl phosphonate esters was achieved involving a Lewis acid mediated Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction at room temperature. Interaction of arylmethyl halides/alcohols with triethyl phosphite in the presence of Lewis acid at room temperature afforded phosphonate esters in good yields.
Transesterification of 3-oxo esters with allylic alcohols (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransesterification of 3-oxo esters with allylic alcoholsJohn C. Gilbert and Terence A. KellyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 2, 449–450Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00237a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00237a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1409Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
From VHDL register transfer level to SystemC transaction level modeling: a comparative case study (2004)

Transaction level (TL) modeling is regarded today as the next step in the direction of complex integrated circuits and systems design entry. This means that as this modeling level definition evolves, automated synthesis tools will increasingly support it, allowing design capture to start at a higher abstraction level than today. This work presents a comparison of traditional register transfer level (RTL) modeling and transaction level modeling through the implementation of a simple processor case study. SystemC is a language that naturally supports hardware transaction level descriptions. The R8 processor was described in SystemC TL and RTL versions and these were compared to an equivalent hand-coded VHDL RTL description in some key points, such as simulation efficiency and implementation results. The experiments indicate that TL descriptions present a faster path to system validation and that it is possible to envisage the automation of the design flow from this level of abstraction without significant impact on the quality of the final implementation.
Autoantibodies in SLE. Disease associations. (1999)

Antinuclear antibodies are an almost universal feature of SLE. Over the years they have been the subject of intensive study to understand the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. It is clear that ANA in the context of lupus are directed against highly selected targets and are not just the result of nonspecific polyclonal B cell activation. Frequently they react with components of nucleoprotein complexes involved in important cellular processes which are very specific targets for autoimmunity in this condition. The antibodies themselves belong primarily to the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses of immunoglobulin, are high affinity, occur in large amounts, have important associations with particular HLA class II genes and show all the features of an antigen-driven, T cell-dependent immune response. Although at first glance there is a wide range of antibody specificities associated with SLE, in the individual patient the autoantibody profile is much more restricted. Methods to detect these antibodies have provided the clinician with valuable tools to assist both in diagnosis and assessment of lupus patients. It has been possible to recognise distinctive serological subsets within the spectrum of lupus which are associated with certain patterns of disease expression. This can be helpful in determining both disease classification and prognosis.
Estrogen Effects on the Urethra (1993)

The urethra, which originates from the urogenital sinus, is under the influence of estrogen just like the vagina. The concentration of estrogen receptors in the urethral mucosa is similar to that of the vaginal mucosa. Estrogen deprivation will result in atrophic urethritis and sometimes urinary incontinence, and estrogen replacement therapy may reverse this trend. Estrogens have been shown to increase urethral pressure in up to 30 per cent of women and to significantly improve or cure stress urinary incontinence in many cases. Adding alpha-sympathomimetic drugs to estrogens may further improve symptoms in women with stress incontinence. It seems that vaginal estrogens have more beneficial effect on the urethra, compared with the oral medication, although prospective control studies have not always supported these findings. Overall, it seems that estrogens have beneficial effects on urethral function in women with postmenopausal stress incontinence, although more prospective randomized control studies are needed to assess the effect of estrogens on the lower urinary tract.
No More Like Pallas Athena: Displacing Patrilineal Accounts of Modern Feminist Political Theory (2004)

The history of modern feminist political theories is often framed in terms of the already existing theories of a number of radical nineteenth-century men philosophers such as James Mill, John Stuart Mill, Charles Fourier, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. My argument takes issue with this way of framing feminist political theory by demonstrating that it rests on a derivation that remains squarely within the logic of malestream political theory. Each of these philosophers made use of a particular discursive trope that linked the idea of women's emancipation with the idea of social progress. I argue that this trope reproduced the masculinist signification and symbolism inherent in their particular political philosophies. I argue for a more positive, less masculinist, account of the history of feminist political thought.
Acridone Alkaloids V. New Fulo- and Pyranoacridone Alkaloids from Glycosmis citrifolia (Willd.) Lindl (1982)

TWO new furoacridone alkaloids, furof~lme-I(1) and -11(2), and a new linear pyranoacridone alkaloid, pyranofoline(31 were isolated from the root and stem bark of Glycosmis citrlfolia (Willd.)Lindl., and their structures were elucidated.In continuations of studies of acridone alkaloids in Rutaceous plants, we have 1 isolated five new acridone alkaloids, glyfolinel, glycocitrine-I , -11'~ O-methylglycocitrine-Ill, and glycofoline2 from Glycosmls citrlfolia (Willd.1 Lindl.collected in Taiwan.Here, we describe the structure elucidation of additmnal new furo-and linear pyrano-acridone alkaloids named furofdine-I, I , and pyranofoline, respectively obtained from the root and stem bark of the same plant.Furofoline-I (11, yellow plates from acetone, m.p. 245-246".C16H11N03.TheUV spectrum [imaxlMeOHI nm (logsl: 226C4.27).24514.43).266(sh, 4.62).274 (4.76), 312(inf, 4.011, 323(4.021,and 40513.62)lrevealed the typical 9-acridone 3 nucleus .The presence of a phenolic hydroxyl group in furofoline-I was Suggested by a positive FeC13 reaction.
Elevation of serum lymphotactin levels in patients with systemic sclerosis. (2008)

Our results indicate that elevated serum lymphotactin levels correlate with relatively milder manifestations in dSSc, especially lower severity of lung involvement, suggesting that lymphotactin may play a role in the development of dSSc.
A General Purpose Adhesive for Microelectronic Devices (1999)

Polyimides (PI) have been extensively used throughout the microelectronics industry as a polymer dielectric. However, the poor adhesive properties of polyimide can result in poor reliability in devices. In this research, the authors find that this newly developed aromatic thermosetting copolyesters (ATSP) provide a unique solution to this problem and at the same time show very good adhesion to metals such as aluminum, titanium, and steel; as well as to ceramics such as silicon and silicon oxide. The ATSP has been shown to bond with itself through a unique interchain transesterification reaction (ITR) at the interfaces between these polymers. A matrix of experiments for ultra-thin bonding different substrates via ITR has been conducted using a modified tensile test to evaluate the bond strength. The results show ATSP can be used as a general-purpose adhesive for bonding different materials together, and particularly, for PI to solve its poor adhesion in microelectronic devices. Also, this study provides the first known reported data on the behavior of thin film adhesive with bondline down to sub-micron dimensions.
Liver Fat Content and T2*: Simultaneous Measurement by Using Breath-hold Multiecho MR Imaging at 3.0 T—Feasibility (2008)

Research ethics committee approval was obtained for this study, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The purpose was to prospectively evaluate the feasibility of breath-hold multiecho in- and out-of-phase magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for simultaneous lipid quantification and T2* measurement. A spoiled gradient-echo sequence with seven echo times alternately in phase and out of phase was used at 3.0 T. Imaging was performed in a lipid phantom, in five healthy volunteers (all men; mean age, 37 years), and in five obese individuals with hyperlipidemia or diabetes (four men, one woman; mean age, 53 years). A biexponential curve-fitting model was used to derive the relative signal contributions from fat and water, and these results were compared with results of liver proton MR spectroscopy, the reference standard. There was a significant correlation between multiecho and spectroscopic measurements of hepatic lipid concentration (r(2) = 0.99, P < .001). In vivo, the T2* of water was consistently longer than that of fat and reliably enabled the signal components to be correctly assigned. In the lipid phantom, the multiecho method could be used to determine the fat-to-water ratio and the T2* values of fat and water throughout the entire range of fat concentrations. Multiecho imaging shows promise as a method of simultaneous fat and T2* quantification.
HTML Tags as Extraction Cues for Web Page Description Construction (2003)

An international association advancing the multidisciplinary study of informing systems. Founded in 1998, the Informing Science Institute (ISI) is a global community of academics shaping the future of informing science.
Enhancing comment Feedback classification using text classifiers with word centrality measures (2017)

This paper presents a novelty of item's feedback classification in e-commerce systems. This proposed work is developed based on a combination between a text classifier and word centrality measures. Herein, the item's feedback means comments written by customers to the purchased items, which are classified into positive or negative comments. In this work, the suitable text classifier is selected from four major types of classification: Rule-based, Tree structure-based, Probability-based, and Learning-based, which are Conjunctive Rule, Random Forest, Bayesian Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine, respectively. In this work, the classifiers are used for identifying the feedbacks in the probability distribution value [0, 1]. On the other hand, items' feedbacks are also represented by a graph, which is presenting a relationship among words. As well as, centrality measures are applied to determine each contained word centrality, and finalize to a probability centrality in [0, 1]. Both probability distribution and probability centrality, here, are applied to classify the item's feedback to positive or negative comments. The simulation results showed that the proposed classification method was efficient to classify three benchmark datasets, compared to other existing approaches with an average of classification accuracy 80.9%.
Geometrical compression of lidar return signals (1978)

The dynamic range of lidar return signals has been calculated for coaxial transmitter–receiver geometries via the spatial distribution of irradiance in the detector plane as a function of distance z. It is shown that the z−2 dependence from the lidar equation can be converted to almost constant signal amplitude for distances up to 3 km by suitable and realistic choice of the geometric parameters. On the other hand, no signal degradation with respect to the lidar equation occurs at large distances. This geometrical compression of lidar return signal amplitudes is rated superior to electronic compression methods such as gain switching or logarithmic amplification.
Circle-to-circle amplification on a digital microfluidic chip for amplified single molecule detection (2014)

We demonstrate a novel digital microfluidic nucleic acid amplification concept which is based on padlock probe mediated DNA detection and isothermal circle-to-circle amplification (C2CA). This assay platform combines two digital approaches. First, digital microfluidic manipulation of droplets which serve as micro-reaction chambers and shuttling magnetic particles between these droplets facilitates the integration of complex solid phase multistep assays. We demonstrate an optimized novel particle extraction and transfer protocol for superparamagnetic particles on a digital microfluidic chip that allows for nearly 100% extraction efficiencies securing high assay performance. Second, the compartmentalization required for digital single molecule detection is solved by simple molecular biological means, circumventing the need for complex microfabrication procedures necessary for most, if not all, other digital nucleic acid detection methods. For that purpose, padlock probes are circularized in a strictly target dependent ligation reaction and amplified through two rounds of rolling circle amplification, including an intermediate digestion step. The reaction results in hundreds of 500 nm sized individually countable DNA nanospheres per detected target molecule. We demonstrate that integrated miniaturized digital microfluidic C2CA results in equally high numbers of C2CA products μL(-1) as off-chip tube control experiments indicating high assay performance without signal loss. As low as 1 aM synthetic Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNA was detected with a linear dynamic range over 4 orders of magnitude up to 10 fM proving excellent suitability for infectious disease diagnostics.
Developmental Changes of Plasma Insulin, Glucagon, Insulin-like Growth Factors, Thyroid Hormones, and Glucose Concentrations in Chick Embryos and Hatched Chicks (2007)

Developmental hormonal changes in Cobb 500 chick embryos and hatched chicks were determined by measuring plasma insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and glucose concentrations at different ages of embryogenesis and posthatch development. Plasma samples were obtained daily from 10 d of embryogenesis (10E) through 13 d posthatch and also at 17 and 21 d posthatch. A significant increase in plasma insulin was observed with increasing age from 10E to hatch. Plasma glucagon levels remained low until 17E, and then significantly increased approximately 3-fold at hatch, which corresponded with increasing plasma glucose levels during late embryo development. The plasma insulin to glucagon molar ratio of incubation from 14E to 17E ranged from 2 to 4, and was significantly higher than at any other time during incubation. These results indicate that insulin may be an important promoter of chick embryonic growth by the anabolic drive to promote protein deposition. Insulin and glucagon increased after hatch, which may be due to increased feed consumption and increased utilization of carbohydrates as the key energy source, compared with nutrients obtained through lipolysis and proteolysis in the embryos. Plasma triiodothyronine increased 4-fold from 18E to 20E, and thyroxine increased 3-fold from 16E to 19E. Insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-II peaked at 14E. Insulin-like growth factor-I steadily increased above embryonic levels during the 3 wk of the posthatch period, whereas IGF-II levels steadily declined. These results suggest that IGF-II may be a more important functionary for chick embryonic development than IGF-I, and that IGF-I may be more important than IGF-II after hatch. The profile of metabolic hormones in the present study may help support an understanding of significant changes that occur in embryonic development and posthatch growth in chicks.
Mutation Clusters from Cancer Exome (2017)

We apply our statistically deterministic machine learning/clustering algorithm *K-means (recently developed in https://ssrn.com/abstract=2908286) to 10,656 published exome samples for 32 cancer types. A majority of cancer types exhibit a mutation clustering structure. Our results are in-sample stable. They are also out-of-sample stable when applied to 1389 published genome samples across 14 cancer types. In contrast, we find in- and out-of-sample instabilities in cancer signatures extracted from exome samples via nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), a computationally-costly and non-deterministic method. Extracting stable mutation structures from exome data could have important implications for speed and cost, which are critical for early-stage cancer diagnostics, such as novel blood-test methods currently in development.