gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bax/Bcl-2 Protein Expression Ratio and Leukocyte Function Are Related to Reduction of Walker-256 Tumor Growth After β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Administration in Wistar Rats (2012)

This study investigated the mechanisms by which β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) administration in rats reduces Walker-256 tumor growth. Male Wistar rats were supplemented with HMB (76 mg/kg/day) (HW), or a placebo (W), during 8 wk by gavage. At the 6th wk, rats were inoculated with a suspension of Walker 256 tumor cells (3 × 10(7)/mL). Fifteen days after inoculation, the HW group showed higher glycemia (109.4 ± 5.53 vs. 89.87 ± 7.02 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and lower spleen (1.35 ± 0.05 vs. 1.65 ± 0.12 g, P < 0.05) and tumor weights (9.64 ± 1.07 vs. 13.55 ± 1.19 g, P < 0.05) compared to the W group. Tumor cells extracted from the HMB-treated rats displayed a 36.9% decrement in rates of proliferation ex vivo and a significant increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio in comparison to those extracted from the placebo-treated rats (P < 0.05). Both phagocytic capacity and H(2)O(2) production rates were higher in polymorphnuclear cells that were obtained from the blood of the HW rats in comparison to those from the W rats (P < 0.05). Reduction of necrotic regions and an intense infiltration of leukocytes and activated granulocytes in HW were evident by transmission electron microscopy. Our findings suggest that HMB supplementation decreases tumor burden by modifying the inner environment of tumor cells and by interfering with blood leukocyte function.
Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis during dengue virus infection (2001)

Dengue virus infection can induce mild dengue fever (DF) or severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) in human. The pathogenesis of hemorrhage in dengue virus infection is not fully understood. Since hemostasis depends on the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis, alternation of some coagulation parameters (platelet count and activated partial thromoboplastin time, APTT) as well as fibrinolytic parameters (tissue plasminogen activator, tPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI-1) were compared in 8 DHF/DSS and 17 DF patients. Patients showed thrombocytopenia, APTT prolongation, and tPA increase in the acute stage of disease, indicating activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in DHF/DSS patients was much more severe than DF patients. In the convalescent stage, a rise of PAI-1 level and platelet count with concomitant decline of tPA level and APTT returned to normal in both DHF/DSS and DF patients. Therefore, the activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis during the acute stage of dengue virus infection is offset by the increase of platelet and PAI-1 during convalescent stage. Taken together, these results suggest that the degree of coagulation and fibrinolysis activation induced by dengue virus infection is associated with the disease severity.
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: Assessing the public health burden (2014)

Despite limitations to the data on which our analysis is based, we conclude that the public health burden of SUDEP, which has previously been underappreciated, is substantial and deserves much more attention from clinicians, researchers, and the public health community.
Stable homology as an indicator of manifoldlikeness in causal set theory (2009)

We present a computational tool that can be used to obtain the "spatial" homology groups of a causal set. Localisation in the causal set is seeded by an inextendible antichain, which is the analog of a spacelike hypersurface, and a one parameter family of nerve simplicial complexes is constructed by "thickening" this antichain. The associated homology groups can then be calculated using existing homology software, and their behaviour studied as a function of the thickening parameter. Earlier analytical work showed that for an inextendible antichain in a causal set which can be approximated by a globally hyperbolic spacetime region, there is a one parameter sub-family of these simplicial complexes which are homological to the continuum, provided the antichain satisfies certain conditions. Using causal sets that are approximated by a set of 2d spacetimes our numerical analysis suggests that these conditions are generically satisfied by inextendible antichains. In both 2d and 3d simulations, as the thickening parameter is increased, the continuum homology groups tend to appear as the first region in which the homology is constant, or "stable" above the discreteness scale. Below this scale, the homology groups fluctuate rapidly as a function of the thickening parameter. This provides a necessary though not sufficient criterion to test for manifoldlikeness of a causal set.
InP/ZnSe/ZnS core-multishell quantum dots for improved luminescence efficiency (2012)

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) exhibit unique optical properties like size-tunable emission color, narrow emission peak, and high luminescence efficiency. QDs are therefore investigated towards their application in light-emitting devices (QLEDs), solar cells, and for bio-imaging purposes. In most cases QDs made from cadmium compounds like CdS, CdSe or CdTe are studied because of their facile and reliable synthesis. However, due to the toxicity of Cd compounds and the corresponding regulation (e.g. RoHS directive in Europe) these materials are not feasible for customer applications. Indium phosphide is considered to be the most promising alternative because of the similar band gap (InP 1.35 eV, CdSe 1.73 eV). InP QDs do not yet reach the quality of CdSe QDs, especially in terms of photoluminescence quantum yield and peak width. Typically, QDs are coated with another semiconductor material of wider band gap, often ZnS, to passivate surface defects and thus improve luminescence efficiency. Concerning CdSe QDs, multishell coatings like CdSe/CdS/ZnS or CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS have been shown to be advantageous due to the improved compatibility of lattice constants. Here we present a method to improve the luminescence efficiency of InP QDs by coating a ZnSe/ZnS multishell instead of a ZnS single shell. ZnSe exhibits an intermediate lattice constant of 5.67 Å between those of InP (5.87 Å) and ZnS (5.41 Å) and thus acts as a wetting layer. As a result, InP/ZnSe/ZnS is introduced as a new core-shell quantum dot material which shows improved photoluminescence quantum yield (up to 75 %) compared to the conventional InP/ZnS system.
Effective technique for electronically tuning adielectric resonator (1997)

A novel technique is presented for electronically tuning a dielectric resonator operating in its TE01δ mode resonant frequency. A tuning bandwidth of > 1.6% can be achieved while maintaining a high unloaded Q-factor. This technique is not only simple to implement but also lends itself to an inexpensive manufacturing process.
Efficient suppression of secretory clusterin levels by polymer-siRNA nanocomplexes enhances ionizing radiation lethality in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro (2006)

Small interfering RNA molecules (siRNA) hold great promise to specifically target cytoprotective factors to enhance cancer therapy. Like antisense RNA strategies, however, the use of siRNA is limited because of in vivo instability. As a first step to overcome delivery issues, a series of graft copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polyethylenimine (PEI-g-PEG) were synthesized and investigated as nontoxic carriers for delivery of siRNA targeting the signaling peptide of secretory clusterin (sCLU), a prosurvival factor that protects cells from ionizing radiation (IR) injury, as well as chemotherapeutic agents. Three copolymers with different PEG grafting densities were tested for their abilities to bind and form nanocomplexes with siRNA. A copolymer composed of 10 PEG grafts (2 kDa each) per PEI polymer (2k10 copolymer) gave the highest binding affinity to siRNA by ethidium bromide exclusion assays, and had the smallest nanocomplex size (115 +/- 13 nm diameter). In human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, 2k10-siRNA-sCLU nanocomplexes suppressed both basal as well as IR-induced sCLU protein expression, which led to an over 3-fold increase in IR-induced lethality over 2k10-siRNA scrambled controls. In summary, this study demonstrates the proof-of-principle in using nanoparticle-mediated delivery of specific siRNAs to enhance the lethality of IR exposure in vitro, opening the door for siRNA-mediated knockdown of specific cytoprotective factors, such as DNA repair, anti-apoptotic, free radical scavenging, and many other proteins.
Mimicking the host and its microenvironment<i>in vitro</i>for studying mucosal infections by<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2014)

Why is a healthy person protected from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, while individuals with cystic fibrosis or damaged epithelium are particularly susceptible to this opportunistic pathogen? To address this question, it is essential to thoroughly understand the dynamic interplay between the host microenvironment and P. aeruginosa. Therefore, using model systems that represent key aspects of human mucosal tissues in health and disease allows recreating in vivo host-pathogen interactions in a physiologically relevant manner. In this review, we discuss how factors of mucosal tissues, such as apical-basolateral polarity, junctional complexes, extracellular matrix proteins, mucus, multicellular complexity (including indigenous microbiota), and other physicochemical factors affect P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and are thus important to mimic in vitro. We highlight in vitro cell and tissue culture model systems of increasing complexity that have been used over the past 35 years to study the infectious disease process of P. aeruginosa, mainly focusing on lung models, and their respective advantages and limitations. Continued improvements of in vitro models based on our expanding knowledge of host microenvironmental factors that participate in P. aeruginosa pathogenesis will help advance fundamental understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and increase the translational potential of research findings from bench to the patient's bedside.
Plumber: a method for a multi-scale decomposition of 3D shapes into tubular primitives and bodies (2004)

Plumber is a specialized shape classification method for detecting tubular features of 3D objects represented by a triangle mesh. The Plumber algorithm segments a surface into connected components that are either body parts or elongated features, that is, handle-like and protrusion-like features, together with their concave counterparts, i.e. narrow tunnels and wells. The segmentation can be done at single or multi-scale, and produces a shape graph which codes how the tubular components are attached to the main body parts. Moreover, each tubular feature is represented by its skeletal line and an average cross-section radius.
VLSI Design of an SVM Learning Core on Sequential Minimal Optimization Algorithm (2011)

The sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm has been extensively employed to train the support vector machine (SVM). This work presents an efficient application specific integrated circuit chip design for sequential minimal optimization. This chip is implemented as an intellectual property core, suitable for use in an SVM-based recognition system on a chip. The proposed SMO chip was tested and found to be fully functional, using a prototype system based on the Altera DE2 board with a Cyclone II 2C70 field-programmable gate array.
Arbeiten über Phosphorsäure‐ und Thiophosphorsäureester mit einem heterocyclischen Substituenten. 5. Mitteilung. 2‐Alkoxy‐ und 2‐Alkylthio‐5‐chlormethy1‐‐1, 3,4‐thiadiazole, 2‐Alkyl‐ 5‐chlormethy1‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole und daraus hergestellte Thio‐ und Dithiophosphorsäure‐O, O‐dialkyl‐S‐[(2‐alkoxy‐ und 2‐alkylthio‐1, 3, 4‐ thiadiazol‐5‐yl)‐methyl]‐ bzw. ‐S‐[(2‐alky1‐1, 3, 4‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl)‐methyl‐ester (1972)

Abstract 2‐Alkoxy‐5‐chloromethy1‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles are prepared by ring closure of 3‐chloroacetyl‐thiocarbazic acid O‐alkyl esters with concentrated sulfuric acid, 2‐alkylthio‐5‐chloro‐methy1‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles directly from dithiocarbazic acid alkylesters with chloroacetylchloride in benzene in a one step synthesis omitting the 3‐chloroacetyl‐derivatives and 2‐alkyl‐5‐chloro‐methy1‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles from 1‐chloroacetyl‐2‐acyl‐hydrazines with POCl 3 . These three types of chloromethyl heterocycles easily react with salts of thio‐ and dithiophosphoric acids to form the corresponding O,O‐dialkyl‐S‐[(2‐alkoxy‐ and 2‐alkylthio‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐5‐yl)‐methyl]‐ and ‐S‐[(2‐alky1‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl)‐methyl]‐thio‐ and ‐dithiophosphates.
Impurity-induced quasiparticle interference in the parent compounds of iron-pnictide superconductors (2011)

The impurity-induced quasiparticle interference (QPI) in the parent compounds of iron-pnictide superconductors is investigated based on a phenomenological two-orbital four-band model and $T$-matrix method. We find the QPI is sensitive to the value of the magnetic order which may vary from one compound to another. For small values of the magnetic order, the pattern of oscillation in the local density of states (LDOS) induced by the QPI exhibits two-dimensional characteristics, consistent with the standing wave state observed in the 1111 compound. For larger values of the magnetic order, the main feature of the spatial modulation of the LDOS is the existence of one-dimensional stripe structure which is in agreement with the nematic structure in the parent compound of the 122 system. In both cases the system shows ${C}_{2}$ symmetry and only in the larger magnetic order case, there exist in-gap bound states. The corresponding QPI in $q$ space is also presented. The patterns of modulation in the LDOS at nonzero energies are attributed to the interplay between the underlying band structure and Fermi surfaces.
A Method for Chorioretinal Oxygen Tension Measurement (2006)

An optical method combining pO2 phosphorescence imaging with chorioretinal optical sectioning was established that can potentially be applied for better understanding of retinal and choroidal oxygen dynamics in physiologic and pathologic states.
Inhibition of Arthritis in the Lewis Rat by Apolipoprotein A-I and Reconstituted High-Density Lipoproteins (2013)

Apolipoprotein A-I and reconstituted HDLs attenuate PG-PS-induced arthritis in the rat. Studies in human monocyte-derived macrophages indicate that this benefit may be because of the inhibition of toll-like receptor 2 expression and decreased nuclear factor-κB activation in macrophages.
Interaction between T Cells and Non-T Cells in Suppression of Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Responses (1979)

Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in mixed leukocyte cultures was suppressed by a factor elaborated by alloantigen-activated T cells. This suppressor factor, CTL-TsF, in contrast to a factor that suppresses proliferative responses in mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR-TsF), was effective only when added during the first 24 hr of a 6-day-culture period. Moreover, removal of CTL-TsF 24 hr after culture initiation failed to restore CTL responses. CTL activity could be rescued from suppressed cultures, however, by addition of 2-mercaptoethanol on days 3 or 4. Similarly, transfer of nonadherent cells at 3 or 4 days from cultures treated with CTL-TsF to cultures of adherent cells initiated in control factor restored CTL responses. Mixing experiments with cells pulsed with CTL-TsF for 4 hr at culture initiation identified a target of CTL-TsF as a Thy-1 negative cell that was adherent to plastic and to Sephadex G-10. Suppression was not due to interference with physiologic accessory cell function, but more likely was accomplished via a negative signal from CTL-TsF-pulsed cells. The results thus suggest that CTL-TsF acts early, but reversibly, in the CTL differentiative process via a second suppressor effector cell, possibly a macrophage.
Transdifferentiation of Pigmented Epithelial Cells: A Source of Retinal Stem Cells? (2001)

In urodeles, larval anurans, embryonic chicks and rodents, the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is capable of transdifferentiation and generating new neurons. Recent evidence suggests that pigmented cells in the ciliary body of the adult rodent eye are capable of producing new neurons in vitro. Here we provide data to suggest that the pigmented epithelium at the retinal margin of postnatal chickens is similar to that found in the embryonic retina. Pigmented cells at the retinal margin expressed mitf and pax6, transcription factors that are transiently expressed by the developing RPE. Furthermore, these pigment cells at the retinal margin express high levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and accumulate bromodeoxyuridine, indicating that they continue to proliferate long after embryonic stages of development. Exogenous fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) or insulin alone did not affect the proliferation of these cells, while FGF2 plus insulin induced their proliferation and loss of pigmentation. We propose that the pigmented cells at the retinal margin of the postnatal chicken are similar to those found in the embryonic eye, and these cells could be a source of neural regeneration under appropriate conditions.
Cy Choi 최철용의 패션 디자인에 나타난 미적 특성 (2014)

본 연구는 고유의 미학적 시각을 가지고 국내외 마켓에서 그 영역과 존재감을 확장해 가고 있는 CyChoi 최철용의 패션 디자인에 나타난 표현 특성을 고찰하고 미적 특성을 규명하는데 연구의 목적을 두었다. ‘Boundary(경계)``를 브랜드 철학으로 하는 Cy Choi는 클래식한 하이엔드 감성의 남성복으로, 2009년런칭 이후 10회의 정기 컬렉션과 다수의 프로젝트 작업을 진행하였다. 최철용의 패션 디자인에 표출된 미학적 시각은 개념미술적 접근방식과 탈경계와 실험적 관점으로 정리되었다. 최철용의 모든 컬렉션은 텍스트(text)로부터 출발하며, 텍스트에 대한 의미 해석을 통해 개념을 이미지화하고, 그것을 옷이라는 최종 대상으로 구현하는 일련의 과정을 통해 개념미술적 접근 방식을 보여준다. 미학적 시각을 근거로 최철용의 패션 디자인에 나타난 미적 특성을 도출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개념미술적 접근 방식에 바탕을 둔개념성이다. 최철용의 패션디자인은 외적으로 드러나는 조형성과 더불어 내재된 관념적 사고를 중시하는 개념성을 내포한다. 둘째, 예술적 실험성이다. 이는 옷에 대한 부정과 의문을 바탕으로 ‘낯설게 하기’의 관점에서 출발하여, 예술적 오브제로서 옷을 바라보며, 룩이 없는 룩 북, 1인 패션쇼, 쇼트 필름 제작, 공간프로젝트 등을 통해 단순한 옷과 패션 그 이상의 것을 추구하는 예술적 실험성을 표출한다. 셋째, 최소성이다. 최철용은 텍스트로 제시되는 ‘개념’의 표현을 위하여 의복을 분리하고 재구성하거나, 해체, 자르기, 계획된 미완성 등의 표현 형식을 활용함에 있어 단순하고 절제된 최소 표현을 유지한다. 최철용의 디자인이 내포하고 있는 최소성은 복잡하고 추상적인 형태로부터 본질과 개념, 의미를 찾는 형태적 최소화와 단순성을 보여준다. 이는 텍스트와 의미, 행위를 바탕으로 하는 그의 개념주의적 접근 방식을 조형적으로 완성하는 가치이자 새로움에 대한 추구이다.
Nano-particle reinforced solders for fine pitch applications (2005)

In the present study, the influence of nanopowders such as Ni, Cu and Mo on the phase formation, microstructural characteristics, and mechanical behaviour of conventional solder alloys (63Sn/37Pb and Sn/3.8Ag/0.7Cu) has been investigated. The composite solders were prepared by mechanical mixing of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and molybdenum (Mo) nano powders with solder alloys followed by cold compaction and sintering. The sintered composite solder alloys were characterized by using SEM and EDX to identify the phase formation and morphological features. The addition of metallic nanopowders such as Ni, Cu, and Mo are observed to influence the grain size and interfacial reaction kinetics of solder alloys. The mechanical properties of the composite solders were measured to study the effect of nanoparticles on the deformation mechanisms.
Enhanced Survival of the Cyanobacterium <i>Oscillatoria terebriformis</i> in Darkness under Anaerobic Conditions (1987)

Oscillatoria terebriformis, a thermophilic cyanobacterium, maintained viability in darkness under anaerobic conditions by fermenting exogenous glucose or fructose to lactic acid. The time period of survival was greatly extended when the environmental redox potential was lowered by the addition of sodium thioglycolate or titanium(III) citrate. When exposed to aerobic conditions in darkness, many trichomes underwent lysis in 6 h, and death of all cells occurred in 2 to 3 days. The endogenous aerobic respiration rate was high, and the limited dark aerobic survival period appeared to be due to depletion of stored glycogen. Fructose or glucose did not support or increase aerobic respiration in darkness or lengthen aerobic survival time. Enhanced survival of O. terebriformis in darkness under anaerobic, reducing conditions correlates well with the natural nighttime position of this species within sulfide-rich microbial mats associated with hot springs of western North America.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Durvalumab in Cancer Patients and Association With Longitudinal Biomarkers of Disease Status (2017)

The objectives of this analysis were to develop a population pharmacokinetics (PK) model of durvalumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, and quantify the impact of baseline and time-varying patient/disease characteristics on PK. Pooled data from two studies (1,409 patients providing 7,407 PK samples) were analyzed with nonlinear mixed effects modeling. Durvalumab PK was best described by a two-compartment model with both linear and nonlinear clearances. Three candidate models were evaluated: a time-invariant clearance (CL) model, an empirical time-varying CL model, and a semimechanistic time-varying CL model incorporating longitudinal covariates related to disease status (tumor shrinkage and albumin). The data supported a slight decrease in durvalumab clearance with time and suggested that it may be associated with a decrease in nonspecific protein catabolic rate among cancer patients who benefit from therapy. No covariates were clinically relevant, indicating no need for dose adjustment. Simulations indicated similar overall PK exposures following weight-based and flat-dosing regimens.
High power spiral cavity quantum cascade superluminescent emitter (2015)

Quantum Cascade devices with an emission wavelength centered around 5 μm have been shaped into compact, yet long (8 mm and 12 mm) spiral cavities to increase mid-infrared superluminescence (SL) power. Up to ~57 mW of SL power at 250 K is obtained with a Gaussian emission spectrum with a full width at half maximum of 56 cm(-1) and a coherence length of ~107 μm.
Microbial Ecology of the Skin (1988)

Humans exist in an environment replete with microorganisms, yet only a few of these microorganisms become residents on the skin surface. These resident flora and the skin constitute a complex ecosystem in which organisms adapt to changes in the microenvironment and to coactions among microorganisms. The skin possesses an assortment of protective mechanisms to limit colonization, and the survival of organisms on the surface lies in part in the ability of the organisms to resist these mechanisms. Microbial colonization on the skin adds to the skin's defense against potentially pathogenic organisms. Although microbes normally live in synergy with their hosts, at times colonization can lead to clinical infection. Common infections consist of superficial infections of the stratum corneum or appendages, which can respond dramatically to therapy but commonly relapse. In rare circumstances these infections can be severe, particularly in immunocompromised patients or hospitalized patients with indwelling foreign devices.