gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of hinge craniotomy for cerebral decompression (2007)

Decompressive craniectomy to relieve cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension due to traumatic brain injury is a generally accepted practice; however, the procedure remains controversial because of its uncertain effects on outcome, specific complications such as the syndrome of the sinking skin flap, and the need for subsequent cranioplasty. The authors developed a novel craniotomy technique using titanium bone plates in a hinged fashion, which maintains cerebral protection while reducing postoperative complications and eliminating subsequent cranioplasty procedures. The authors conducted a retrospective review of data obtained in all consecutive patients who had undergone posttraumatic cerebral decompression craniotomy using the hinge technique at a Level I trauma facility between 1990 and 2004. Twenty-five patients, most of whom were male (88%) and Caucasian (88%) with a mean age of 38.2 +/- 16.1 years, underwent the hinge craniotomy. The in-hospital mortality rate was 48%, and good cerebral decompression was achieved. None of the patients required surgery for flap replacement. Long-term follow-up data showed that one patient required subsequent cranioplasty due to infection and one patient presented with cranial deformities. None of the patients presented with bone resorption or sinking flap syndrome. The hinge technique effectively prevents procedure-related morbidity and the need for subsequent surgical bone replacement otherwise introduced by traditional decompressive craniectomy. A randomized controlled trial is required to substantiate these findings.
Influence of loading forces on the vertical accuracy of interocclusal records. (2010)

A compressive force of 1 kg could be used to stabilize the cast during mounting procedures in an articulator using an interocclusal record made of polyvinyl siloxane without vertically changing the interocclusal relationships.
Trustworthy middleware services in the cloud (2011)

Establishing trust in systems is a difficult problem to tackle. In the Cloud, establishing trust is even more complicated considering its dynamic nature and distributed resources. One of the Cloud's potential feature is providing transparent management of resources at Cloud's infrastructure. This would hide technical complexities from Cloud's customers, which could be provided using middleware services. Establishing trustworthy middleware services would help in moving in the direction of establishing trust in the Cloud. In this paper we mainly focus on identifying the functions for establishing trustworthy middleware services for supporting home healthcare application. Specifically, we focus on the ones that are required to address the security, privacy, and resilience properties of home healthcare application.
FATTY ACIDS IN IRISH BUTTERFAT (1964)

Methyl esters of fatty acids from Irish butterfat were examined by gas-liquid chromatography. Irish butter was sampled geographically and seasonally, and composite samples were analyzed. Twenty three to twenty-five esters were readily detectable. High values were found for myristate (9.09-10.96 percent), palmitate (21.63-24.18 percent), stearate (12.56-14.40 percent), and oleate (26.78-30.77 percent). Lower values were found for laurate (2.34-3.36 percent), palmitoleate (3.10-3.78 percent), linoleate (2.00-2.94 percent), and linolenate (2.97-3.95 percent) with remaining esters distributed among minor peaks. The data are compared with published values for American milkfat, and are discussed in terms of their dietary significance.
Fabry–Perot cavity pulsed Fourier transform microwave spectrometer with a pulsed nozzle particle source (1981)

We describe the design, construction, and operation of a new type of microwave spectrograph which allows the measurement of the resonant transitions of transient or otherwise short-lived species. The spectrograph is composed of three parts: a Fabry–Perot cavity, a pulsed supersonic nozzle as a source for the sample, and the pulsed microwave Fourier transform method. Following a detailed discussion of the three above components in the spectrograph, the operation of the entire system is described and several examples are given.
Computationally efficient algorithms for cyclic spectral analysis (1991)

Two computationally efficient algorithms for digital cyclic spectral analysis, the FFT accumulation method (FAM) and the strip spectral correlation algorithm (SSCA), are developed from a series of modifications on a simple time smoothing algorithm. The signal processing, computational, and structural attributes of time smoothing algorithms are presented with emphasis on the FAM and SSCA. As a vehicle for examining the algorithms the problem of estimating the cyclic cross spectrum of two complex-valued sequences is considered. Simplifications of the resulting expressions to special cases of the cross cyclic spectrum of two complex-valued sequences, such as the cyclic spectrum of a single real-valued sequence, are easily found. Computational and structural simplifications arising from the specialization are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Bird's Beak Free Local Oxidation Technology Feasible for VLSI Circuits Fabrication (1982)

This paper presents a bird's beak free and fully recessed local oxidation-isolation structure employing only conventional LSI processing techniques; no additional masking step is required. A SideWAll Masked Isolation (SWAMI) process employing anisotropic plasma silicon etching and anisotropic plasma silicon nitride etching was implemented to form this new isolation structure. The SWAMI isolation scheme almost completely eliminates the reduction in effective channel width from drawn mask dimensions. The effective channel width obtained with the SWAMI isolation structure is independent of field-oxide thickness unlike the conventions LOCOS process. Fabrication technology and device characteristics of MOSFET's fabricated with the SWAMI isolation structure will be compared with the conventional LOCOS isolated MOSFET's.
Permeability of Gas and Vapor in High-polymer-film (1959)

ポリエチレンは比較的無極性気体の透過係数の大きい高分子であるが, これが結晶 (化) 度の増加とともに透過係数は減少を示す、分岐度による密度の違いと熱処理による密度の違いは透過係数に対してほとんど同じような効果を与える。窒素の透過係数は非結晶度の約1乗に比例する。溶解度係数が窒素に比して大きいと考えられ, また透過係数の大きな酸素, 炭酸ガスは, 窒素に比してわずかに大きく, 非結晶領域の影響を受ける溶解度係数の大きな有機溶媒蒸気においても, その透過係数は非結晶度の約1.4乗にしか比例しない。このことからポリェチレンの透過をおもに支配するものは非結晶領域における拡散であると考えられる。
<title>Mass Produced Holograms For The Entertainment Industry</title> (1983)

At first glance, holography does not seem to offer much to the entertainment industry beyond the prospect that someday there might be holographic movies and holographic television. More realistic applications of holography, however, have been found within the entertainment industry and promise to achieve major commercial importance.
Reversal effects of several Ca(2+)-entry blockers, neuroleptics and local anaesthetics on P-glycoprotein-mediated vincristine resistance of L1210/VCR mouse leukaemic cell line. (1994)

The ability of several Ca(2+)-entry blockers, neuroleptics and local anaesthetics to depress the P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance to vincristine was studied in vitro using the L1210/VCR cell line. This cell line was obtained by long-term adaptation of the L1210 mouse leukaemic cell line on vincristine and showed an overexpression of P-glycoprotein and accompanying multidrug resistance (MDR) which was defined as a cell resistance to several cytostatics such as vincristine, vinblastine and actinomycin D. Efficiency of the drugs applied to reverse this resistance was as follows: for Ca(2+)-entry blockers: verapamil (VER) > or = galopamil (GAL) > flunarizine (FLU) >> diltiazem (DIL) > nimodipine (NIM) > or = nifedipine (NIM); for neuroleptics: trifluoperazine (TFP) > chlorpromazine (CHP) > thioridazine (TRD) > perphenazine (PER); for local anaesthetics: carbanilate-Ca7 > cinchocaine (CIN) >> carbanilate-Ca3 > articaine (ART) > carbanilate CAO > lidocaine (LID). Quaternary cabanilate derivatives (Ca7Q and Ca3Q) with permanent positive charge were found to be unable to reverse the vincristine resistance of L1210/VCR cells. No reasonable correlation between the ability of calcium-entry blockers (DIL, VER, GAL, NIF, NIM and FLU) to reduce the viability of L1210/VCR cells growing in the medium supplemented with vincristine and their reported affinity to the L-type of calcium channel was observed. On the other hand, significant positive correlations were observed between both the inhibitory action of local anaesthetics on propagation of action potential in rat sciatic nerve and the ability of drugs to interact with calmodulin and the ability of the respective drug to reverse the resistance of L1210 cells to vincristine.
A SIMPLIFIED GEOMETRIC AND TOPOLOGICAL MODELING OF 3D BUILDINGS: COMBINATION OF SURFACE-BASED AND SOLID-BASED REPRESENTATIONS (2009)

This paper focuses on the field of 3D data modeling within Geographical Information System (GIS). CSG (Constructive Solid Geometry) and B-Rep (Boundary Representation) methods have been combined to define a simplified geometric and topological conceptual 3D model for buildings. As a building is composed of a set of walls, the geometric and topological representation will be based essentially on the concept of wall object. In this work, we consider that the same urban object can be modeled differently depending on the Level Of Detail (LOD) and the further operations on the 3D model. For example, a wall can be modeled as a simple surface, but if more details are required, it can be modeled as a solid having a non negligible thickness. Therefore, we propose a 3D model for urban objects that dynamically change appearance according to the level of detail or the level of zoom. This can bring more realism and flexibility when representing such 3D objects. In addition to data visualization and interrogation, data storage optimization is one of the most important points of interest for us in this project. The proposal consists in the storage of the minimum of data in the database. Then, the complete 3D model is obtained by interpretation of complementary parameters related to the initial dataset, i.e. solid interpretation from a surface and a thickness. The originality of the proposed work consists in an algorithm that allows an automatic passage from surface-based representation to solid-based representation. The conceptual model has been translated into a PostgreSQL database. To create the final 3D model, the data are queried from the database using a Java platform. Some samples are described to illustrate the implementation of the work concepts.
Induction of a Group 2 σ Factor, RPOD3, by High Light and the Underlying Mechanism in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (2007)

Among the sigma70 family bacterial sigma factors, group 2 sigma factors have similar promoter recognition specificity to group 1 (principal) sigma factors and express and function under specific environmental and physiological conditions. In general, the cyanobacterial genome encodes more than four group 2 sigma factors, and the unicellular Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (Synechococcus) has five group 2 sigma factors (RpoD2-6). In this study, we analyzed expression of group 2 sigma factors of Synechococcus at both mRNA and protein levels, and we showed that the rpoD3 expression was activated only by high light (1,500 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)) among the various stress conditions examined. After high light shift, rpoD3 mRNA accumulated transiently within the first 5 min and diminished subsequently, whereas RpoD3 protein increased gradually during the first several hours. We also found that the rpoD3 deletion mutant rapidly lost viability under the same conditions. Analysis of the rpoD3 promoter structure revealed the presence of an HLR1 (high light-responsive element 1) sequence, which was suggested to be responsible for the high light-induced transcription under the control of the NblS (histidine kinase)-RpaB (response regulator) two-component system (Kappell, A. D., and van Waasbergen, L. G. (2007) Arch. Microbiol. 187, 337-342), at +6 to +23 with respect to the transcriptional start site. Here we demonstrated that recombinant RpaB protein specifically bound to HLR1 of the rpoD3 and hliA genes in vitro, and overexpression of a truncated RpaB variant harboring only the phosphoreceiver domain derepressed the transcription in vivo. Thus, we have concluded that phosphorylated RpaB are repressing the rpoD3 and hliA transcription under normal growth conditions, and the RpaB dephosphorylation induced by high light stress results in transcriptional derepression.
Privacy Issues of the W3C Geolocation API (2010)

The W3C's Geolocation API may rapidly standardize the transmission of location information on the Web, but, in dealing with such sensitive information, it also raises serious privacy concerns. We analyze the manner and extent to which the current W3C Geolocation API provides mechanisms to support privacy. We propose a privacy framework for the consideration of location information and use it to evaluate the W3C Geolocation API, both the specification and its use in the wild, and recommend some modifications to the API as a result of our analysis.
Mesoporous phosphonate–TiO2 nanoparticles for simultaneous bioresponsive sensing and controlled drug release (2012)

The bioresponsive detection of DNA or proteins and the controlled release of drug molecules are two important research areas for both experimental studies and practical applications. However, the real incorporation of these two functions into one system is still untouched. Being different from the widely reported mesoporous silica nanoparticles that were used as the support, herein we report a smart system based on hybrid phosphonate-TiO(2) mesoporous nanostructures capped with fluorescein labeled oligonucleotides, which can realize simultaneous and highly-efficient biomolecule sensing and controlled drug release. The fluorescence of the labeled oligonucleotides is first quenched by the phosphonate-TiO(2) materials, which are related to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer mechanism. The addition of complementary DNA strands or protein target leads to the displacement of the capped DNA due to hybridization or protein-aptamer reactions. The opening of the pores can further cause the release of entrapped drugs as well as the restoration of dye fluorescence. The present method is proven to have high selectivity towards specific ssDNA and proteins.
Signal Propagation and Logic Gating in Networks of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons (2005)

Transmission of signals within the brain is essential for cognitive function, but it is not clear how neural circuits support reliable and accurate signal propagation over a sufficiently large dynamic range. Two modes of propagation have been studied: synfire chains, in which synchronous activity travels through feedforward layers of a neuronal network, and the propagation of fluctuations in firing rate across these layers. In both cases, a sufficient amount of noise, which was added to previous models from an external source, had to be included to support stable propagation. Sparse, randomly connected networks of spiking model neurons can generate chaotic patterns of activity. We investigate whether this activity, which is a more realistic noise source, is sufficient to allow for signal transmission. We find that, for rate-coded signals but not for synfire chains, such networks support robust and accurate signal reproduction through up to six layers if appropriate adjustments are made in synaptic strengths. We investigate the factors affecting transmission and show that multiple signals can propagate simultaneously along different pathways. Using this feature, we show how different types of logic gates can arise within the architecture of the random network through the strengthening of specific synapses.
The Role of DJ-1 in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis (2011)

Abnormally high levels of DJ-1 expression may be involved in endometriosis, possibly by stimulating endometrial cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Radix-4 modular multiplication and exponentiation algorithms for the RSA public-key cryptosystem (2000)

We propose a radix-4 modular multiplication algorithm based on Montgomery's algorithm, and a radix-4 cellulararray modular multiplier based on Booth's multiplication algorithm. The radix-4 modular multiplier can be used to implement fast RSA cryptosystem. Due to reduced number of iterations and pipelining, our modular multiplier is four times faster than the cellular-array modular multiplier based on the original Montgomery's algorithm. The time to calculate a modular exponentiation is about n 2 clock cycles, where n is the word length, and the clock cycle is roughly equal to the delay time of a full adder. The utilization of the multiplier is 100% by interleaving consecutive exponentiations. Locality, regularity, and modularity make the proposed architecture suitable for VLSI implementation.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of cefotaxime metal complexes (2005)

Cefotaxime (Hcefotax) interacts with transition metal ions to give [M(cefotax)Cl] complexes (M = Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II)) which were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods and a tetrahedral geometry is suggested for their structure. The IR and the 1H-NMR spectra of the complexes suggest that the cefotaxime behaves as monoanionic tridentate ligand . The complexes have been screened for antibacterial activity against several bacteria, and the results are compared with the activity of cefotaxime
Aerodynamic Vectoring Particle Sorting (2006)

An experimental and numerical demonstration of a new, non-contact particle sorting technique called Aerodynamic Vectoring Particle Sorting (AVPS) is presented. AVPS uses secondary blowing and suction control flows to sharply turn a 2D, particle-laden jet. As the jet is turned, the inertia of particles present in the flow is balanced by a resultant force that is dependent upon their size and due to the combined effects of pressure, and drag. Since the balance of these forces determines the particle’s trajectory, turning the flow leads to a separation of particles downstream. This simple, low-pressure-drop sorting technique classifies particles with less risk of damage or contamination than currently available sorting devices. AVPS is experimentally demonstrated using a rectangular air jet. A single blower is used for the blowing and suction, thus requiring that their mass fluxes are equal. The unladen jet flow is examined using Particle Image Velocime-try. The experimental results demonstrate that while large blowing slot momentum flux is important (meaning that a smaller slot can be more effective for fixed mass flux), as the aspect ratio of the blowing slot becomes very large, the jet tends to suffer from 3-D instabilities resulting in large fluctuations in the vectoring angle (and thus a detrimental effect on sorting performance). The vectoring angle can be substantially improved introducing a modest angle in the blowing slot (toward the vectoring direction). Particle size and trajectory are measured using the Particle Shadow Imaging method. Numerical simulations are performed using a commercial CFD solver.
Clinical Outcomes after Hepatitis C Infection from Contaminated Anti-D Immune Globulin (1999)

Most of the women with HCV infection 17 years after receiving HCV-contaminated anti-D immune globulin had evidence of slight or moderate hepatic inflammation on liver biopsy, about half had fibrosis, and 2 percent had probable or definite cirrhosis.
The use of silicon microsensors in smart skins for aerodynamic research (2002)

A futuristic look at what should be pursued in terms of measurement instrumentation for aerodynamic research is presented. A cursory method is given for incorporating silicon microsensors, signal conditioning, and signal processing into a thin skin which will ultimately become the surface of an airfoil. Polyimide is the candidate material suggested for use as the skin because of its flexibility and IC processing compatibility. Specifications are given for the detection of boundary layer phenomena.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vectorizing compilers: a test suite and results (1988)

A collection of 100 Fortran loops used to test the effectiveness of an automatic vectorizing compiler is described. The results of compiling these loops using commercially available, vectorizing Fortran compilers on a variety of supercomputers, minisupercomputers, and mainframes are presented. The testing methodology and loop scoring are explored. >
Antifouling strategies in technical systems – a short review (1996)

The undesired deposition of microorganisms and the formation of biofilms is called “biofouling”. The consequences of biofouling for water purification, transport and storage are considerable both economically and ecologically. Countermeasures against biofouling include three steps: i) detection, ii) sanitization and iii) prevention of biofouling. The detection has to refer to surfaces. Cell counts in water water samples do not reflect the location or the extent of biofilms. Biocides display only limited value in terms of removal of biofouling layers. First, biofilm organisms are protected against biocides and tolerate 10 to 1000-fold higher concentrations. Second, water systems usually cannot be kept sterile. Thus, dead biofilms provide nutrients and suitable surfaces for further growth of cells imported with the raw water. Cleaning of a system is an integral part of sanitization and even more important than disinfection. It has to be based on a designed strategy. Efficiency control is mandatory and has to occur on representative surfaces. The prevention of biofouling is frequently achieved by continuously dosage of biocides. However, this is only possible with suitable raw waters and many failures are reported. Chlorine is still the biocide most frequently used. Concerns about effectivity and environmental protection give rise to other strategies. “Good housekeeping” is recommended as a general countermeasure. It includes frequent cleaning, efficiency control, biofilm monitoring, limitation of nutrients, maintenance of high shear forces, and a cleaning-friendly design. “Biofouling” is operationally defined and refers to biofilm development which exceeds a given “threshold of interference”. Keeping biofilm development below that threshold offers a new strategy, which considers biofouling as a biofilm reactor in the wrong place. Nutrient limitation is an option to curb biofilm development in sensitive areas. If large colonization areas are offered elsewhere than in the system to be protected, biofilms will develop there, sequestering dissolved nutrients and turning them into immobilized biomass in a place where it can be handled more easily than, e.g., inside a heat exchanger or a membrane module. Combined with effective monitoring techniques, a biocide-free antifouling-strategy can be realized.