gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutamine's protection against cellular injury is dependent on heat shock factor-1 (2006)

Glutamine (GLN) has been shown to protect cells, tissues, and whole organisms from stress and injury. Enhanced expression of heat shock protein (HSP) has been hypothesized to be responsible for this protection. To date, there are no clear mechanistic data confirming this relationship. This study tested the hypothesis that GLN-mediated activation of the HSP pathway via heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) is responsible for cellular protection. Wild-type HSF-1 (HSF-1(+/+)) and knockout (HSF-1(-/-)) mouse fibroblasts were used in all experiments. Cells were treated with GLN concentrations ranging from 0 to 16 mM and exposed to heat stress injury in a concurrent treatment model. Cell viability was assayed with phenazine methosulfate plus tetrazolium salt, HSP-70, HSP-25, and nuclear HSF-1 expression via Western blot analysis, and HSF-1/heat shock element (HSE) binding via EMSA. GLN significantly attenuated heat-stress induced cell death in HSF-1(+/+) cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, the survival benefit of GLN was lost in HSF-1(-/-) cells. GLN led to a dose-dependent increase in HSP-70 and HSP-25 expression after heat stress. No inducible HSP expression was observed in HSF-1(-/-) cells. GLN increased unphosphorylated HSF-1 in the nucleus before heat stress. This was accompanied by a GLN-mediated increase in HSF-1/HSE binding and nuclear content of phosphorylated HSF-1 after heat stress. This is the first demonstration that GLN-mediated cellular protection after heat-stress injury is related to HSF-1 expression and cellular capacity to activate an HSP response. Furthermore, the mechanism of GLN-mediated protection against injury appears to involve an increase in nuclear HSF-1 content before stress and increased HSF-1 promoter binding and phosphorylation.
T-cell-receptor signalling in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) type-1-deficient mice: is IP3R type 1 essential for T-cell-receptor signalling? (1998)

Stimulation of T-cells via the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex is accompanied by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Recently, it was reported that a stable transformant of the human T-cell line, Jurkat, expressing an antisense cDNA construct of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) type 1 (IP3R1), failed to demonstrate increased [Ca2+]i or interleukin-2 production after TCR stimulation and was also resistant to apoptotic stimuli. This cell line lacked IP3R1 expression, but expressed the type-2 and -3 receptors, IP3R2 and IP3R3 respectively [Jayaraman, Ondriasova, Ondrias, Harnick and Marks (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 6007-6011, and Jayaraman and Marks (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 3005-3012]. The authors concluded that IP3R1 is essential for TCR signalling and suggested that Ca2+ release via IP3R1 is a critical mediator of apoptosis. To establish whether a loss of IP3R1 function in T-cells occurred in vivo and in vitro, we investigated Ca2+ signalling after TCR stimulation and the properties of T-cells using IP3R1-deficient (IP3R1-/-) mice. As IP3R1-/- mice die at weaning, we transplanted bone marrow cells of IP3R1-/- mice into irradiated wild-type mice. Western blot analysis showed that the recipient IP3R1-containing (IP3R1+/+) lymphocytes were replaced by the donor IP3R1-/- lymphocytes after transplantation and that expression of IP3R2 and IP3R3 was unaltered. In contrast with the previous reports, T-cells lacking IP3R1 were able to mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores after stimulation via the TCR. We observed no significant differences between IP3R1+/+ and IP3R1-/- T-cells in terms of the number of thymocytes and splenocytes, the proportion of the T-cell phenotype, proliferative response to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) stimulation and cell viability. Therefore IP3R1 is not essential for T-cell development and function.
[Clinical study on interventional therapy with Chinese and Western medicine for avascular necrosis of femoral head]. (2007)

Interventional therapy with Chinese and Western medicine could improve the blood circulation of the femoral head, and is an effective method for the treatment of ANFH.
Fabrication of garlic composites nano-biotics and investigating their anti-bacterial activities (2015)

First and foremost, I would like to thank God for helping me in this project and giving me the strength and patience needed to achieve it. I would like to thank and acknowledge the efforts of my supervisor Dr. Wael Mamdouh, who has supervised my project and gave me his time, support, advice and encouragement that helped me in finishing this project in a reasonable time and for being a bigger brother who cares for each one in his research group. 
Also, I want to thank Dr. Adham Ramadan and Dr. Tamer Shoeib for their continuous support and encouragement and for helping me to face any obstacle during my research period.
I would sincerely like to thank all the academic and technical staff in the AUC for their efforts during the MSc course especially Mr. Mahmoud AbdelMoez, Ahmed Omaia, Samir Nabhan and Emad Rafaat for staying with me in the research labs till late afternoons.
 
I would like to thank my dear parents, brother and his wife who have always been encouraging and motivating me to perform better. Also, I want to thank my dearest friend Ahmed Samy who was always motivating me. Also, I want to thank the STRC center and the AUC student Grant support.
Ein piezoelektrisches Druckmeßgerät und seine Anwendung zur Untersuchung von Zugkraftschwankungen bei wechselstrombetriebenen Schaltschützen (1958)

Article Ein piezoelektrisches Druckmeßgerät und seine Anwendung zur Untersuchung von Zugkraftschwankungen bei wechselstrombetriebenen Schaltschützen was published on October 1, 1958 in the journal Frequenz (volume 12, issue 10).
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of sodium channel blockers after spinal cord injury: improved behavioral and neuroanatomical recovery with riluzole (2001)

Systemic Na+ channel blockers, in particular riluzole, can confer significant neuroprotection after in vivo SCI and result in behavioral recovery and sparing of both gray and white matter.
A novel elevated source/drain PMOSFET formed by Ge-B/Si intermixing (2002)

Driven by strain relaxation, the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of B-doped Ge on an Si substrate forms graded Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ layers with B confined inside. Based on this observation of Ge-B/Si intermixing, a novel elevated source/drain (S/D) PMOSFET fabrication process is proposed. The new process consists of three simple steps: (a) selective Ge deposition in S/D regions by conventional LPCVD, (b) B implantation, and (c) RTA for Ge-B/Si intermixing to form S/D extensions to the channel. Fabricated PMOSFETs with sub-100 nm gate lengths display excellent short channel performance.
Application-Specific Service Technologies for Commodity Operating Systems in Real-Time Environments (2006)

In order to eliminate the costs of proprietary systems and special purpose hardware, many real-time and embedded computing platforms are being built on commodity operating systems and generic hardware. Unfortunately, many such systems are ill-suited to the low-latency and predictable timing requirements of real-time applications. This paper, therefore, focuses on application-specific service technologies for low-cost commodity operating systems and hardware, so that real-time service guarantees can be met. We describe contrasting methods to deploy firstclass services on commodity systems, that are dispatched with low latency and execute asynchronously according to bounds on CPU, memory and I/O device usage. Specifically, we present a "user-level sandboxing" (ULS) mechanism, that relies on hardware protection to isolate applicationspecific services from the core kernel. This approach is compared with a hybrid language and run-time protection scheme called "SafeX", that allows untrusted services to be dynamically linked and loaded into a base kernel. SafeX and ULS have been implemented on commodity Linux systems. Experimental results show that both approaches are capable of reducing service violations (and, hence, better qualities of service) for real-time tasks, compared to traditional user-level methods of service deployment in processprivate address spaces. ULS imposes minimal additional overheads on service dispatch latency compared to SafeX, with the advantage that it does not require applicationspecific services to execute in the trusted kernel domain.
Glass for optical fibers (2011)

The talk will review the requirement of key glass attributes for optical fiber fabrication for both soft (multi-component) glasses, and high-silica based glasses. Examples will be given in each case on how the glass properties are tailored via composition and/or processing for successful fiber optic applications.
The rebel angel: mutant p53 as the driving oncogene in breast cancer (2012)

Breast cancer is the most frequent invasive tumor diagnosed in women, causing over 400 000 deaths yearly worldwide. Like other tumors, it is a disease with a complex, heterogeneous genetic and biochemical background. No single genomic or metabolic condition can be regarded as decisive for its formation and progression. However, a few key players can be pointed out and among them is the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, commonly mutated in breast cancer. In particular, TP53 mutations are exceptionally frequent and apparently among the key driving factors in triple negative breast cancer -the most aggressive breast cancer subgroup-whose management still represents a clinical challenge. The majority of TP53 mutations result in the substitution of single aminoacids in the central region of the p53 protein, generating a spectrum of variants ('mutant p53s', for short). These mutants lose the normal p53 oncosuppressive functions to various extents but can also acquire oncogenic properties by gain-of-function mechanisms. This review discusses the molecular processes translating gene mutations to the pathologic consequences of mutant p53 tumorigenic activity, reconciling cell and animal models with clinical outcomes in breast cancer. Existing and speculative therapeutic methods targeting mutant p53 are also discussed, taking into account the overlap of mutant and wild-type p53 regulatory mechanisms and the crosstalk between mutant p53 and other oncogenic pathways in breast cancer. The studies described here concern breast cancer models and patients-unless it is indicated otherwise and justified by the importance of data obtained in other models.
<title>Optimal design of irradiance redistribution guides for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's high-flux solar furnace</title> (1995)

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has developed and operates the high-flux solar furnace (HFSF), a 10-kW solar concentrator used for research in solar energy applications. An application of ongoing interest is the heat-bonding of metallic foils to ceramic substrates, a process requiring a highly uniform irradiance distribution over a 10 by 10-cm target area, as well as a mean irradiance of at least 10 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and a working distance of at least 10-cm from the optics. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) and NREL have developed designs for two reflective irradiance redistribtuion guides (IRGs) for use in conjunction with the HFSF, which provide significantly enhanced irradiance uniformity while exceeding the mean-irradiance and working-distance requirements. Irradiance- uniformity levels of 7.2% and 3.1% root-mean-square (RMS) deviation over the target area were achieved by the two IRG designs. The designs were generated using SAICs nonimaging concentrator synthesis code, which employs a global optimization procedure. The HFSF was modeled by means of an optical ray set produced by NREL's solar furnace code. The IRG designs are novel in that they feature re-entrant optics combined with the intentional use of ray paths having different nubmers of multiple reflections within a single reflective optical component in order to achieve the desired irradiance distribution.
Alcohol Synthesis over Pre-Reduced Activated Carbon-Supported Molybdenum-Based Catalysts (2003)

Activated carbon (AC)-supported molybdenum catalysts, either with or without a potassium promoter, were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The materials were characterized using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and were used for mixed alcohol synthesis from syngas (CO+H2). DTA results showed that a new phase, related to the interaction between Mo species and the AC support, is formed during the calcination of the Mo/AC catalyst, and the introduction of a K promoter has noticeable effect on the interaction. TPR results indicated that the Mo is more difficult to reduce after being placed onto the AC support, and the addition of a K promoter greatly promotes the formation of Mo species reducible at relatively low temperatures, while it retards the generation of Mo species that are reducible only at higher temperatures. These differences in the reduction behavior of the catalysts are atributed to the interaction between the active components (Mo and K) and the support. Potassium-doping significantly promotes the formation of alcohols at the expense of CO conversion, especially to hydrocarbons. It is postulated that Mo species with intermediate valence values (averaged around +3.5) are more likely to be the active phase(s) for alcohol synthesis from CO hydrogenation, while those with lower Mo valences are probably responsible for the production of hydrocarbons.
Basic notions (2011)

In a first course on probability one typically works with a sequence of random variables X1, X2, … For stochastic processes, instead of indexing the random variables by the positive integers, we index them by t ∈ [0, ∞) and we think of Xt as being the value at time t. The random variable could be the location of a particle on the real line, the strength of a signal, the price of a stock, and many other possibilities as well.
X-Ray PoseNet: 6 DoF Pose Estimation for Mobile X-Ray Devices (2017)

Precise reconstruction of 3D volumes from X-ray projections requires precisely pre-calibrated systems where accurate knowledge of the systems geometric parameters is known ahead. However, when dealing with mobile X-ray devices such calibration parameters are unknown. Joint estimation of the systems calibration parameters and 3d reconstruction is a heavily unconstrained problem, especially when the projections are arbitrary. In industrial applications, that we target here, nominal CAD models of the object to be reconstructed are usually available. We rely on this prior information and employ Deep Learning to learn the mapping between simulated X-ray projections and its pose. Moreover, we introduce the reconstruction loss in addition to the pose loss to further improve the reconstruction quality. Finally, we demonstrate the generalization capabilities of our method in case where poses can be learned on instances of the objects belonging to the same class, allowing pose estimation of unseen objects from the same category, thus eliminating the need for the actual CAD model. We performed exhaustive evaluation demonstrating the quality of our results on both synthetic and real data.
XII.—The alcohols of the hydroaromatic and terpene series. Part II. The menthols corresponding with optically inactive menthone (1912)

R. H. Pickard and W. O. Littlebury, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1912, 101, 109 DOI: 10.1039/CT9120100109
Wind Energy Technology: Current Status and R&D Future (2008)

Wind energy is one of the fastest-growing electrical energy sources in the United States. The United States installed over 5,200 MW in 2007 and experts are forecasting for as much to be installed in 2008. The United States cumulative installed capacity as of Dec. 31, 2007, was 16, 596 MW. Wind turbines have evolved rapidly over the past 20 years and the turbines have grown in size from 100 kW in the early 1980s to over 2.5 MW today. The evolution of wind technology is expected to continue over the next two decades resulting in a continued improvement in reliability and energy capture with a modest decrease in cost. The development of new and innovative rotors, drive systems, towers, and controls is expected to enable this continued improvement in the cost effectiveness of wind technology. Wind energy can supply 20% of the United States’ electricity needs by 2030 and will be a significant contributor to the world’s electricity supply. INTRODUCTION TO WIND ENERGY Wind energy is one of the fastest-growing electrical energy sources in the United States. The United States installed over 5,200 MW in 2007, and experts are forecasting for as much to be installed in 2008. The United States cumulative installed 1 This work has been authored by an employee or employees of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. 2 Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC0494AL85000.
AutoGait: A mobile platform that accurately estimates the distance walked (2010)

AutoGait is a mobile platform that autonomously discovers a user's walking profile and accurately estimates the distance walked. The discovery is made by utilizing the GPS in the user's mobile device when the user is walking outdoors. This profile can then be used both indoors and outdoors to estimate the distance walked. To model the person's walking profile, we take advantage of the fact that a linear relationship exists between step frequency and stride length, which is unique to individuals and applies to everyone regardless of age. Autonomous calibration invisible to users allows the system to maintain a high level of accuracy under changing conditions. AutoGait can be integrated into any pedometer or indoor navigation software on handheld devices as long as they are equipped with GPS. The main contribution of this paper is two fold: (1) we propose an auto-calibration method that trains a person's walking profile by effectively processing noisy GPS readings, and (2) we build a prototype system and validate its performance by performing extensive experiments. Our experimental results confirm that the proposed auto-calibration method can accurately estimate a person's walking profile and thus significantly reduce the error rate.
Identification of a gene encoding a novel protein-tyrosine kinase containing SH2 domains and ankyrin-like repeats. (1994)

Using the polymerase chain reaction with primers corresponding to conserved regions in the kinase domain of protein-tyrosine kinases, we amplified segments of several protein-tyrosine kinase genes from Hydra vulgaris, a member of the ancient metazoan phylum Cnidaria. Characterization of cDNA clones for one of these genes, HTK16, revealed that it encodes a non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase with two SH2 domains but no SH3 domain. In this regard the predicted HTK16 protein resembles two mammalian non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, the products of the ZAP-70 and syk genes. However, the HTK16 protein contains five ankyrin-like repeats, a structural motif which has not previously been found in protein-tyrosine kinases. The HTK16 protein also contains a potential tyrosine phosphorylation site in its carboxyl-terminal tail which resembles the phosphorylation site in members of the src family. RNA hybridization analysis indicates that the HTK16 gene is expressed in epithelial cells, cells which also express the Hydra homologue of the src protein. Our finding of the HTK16 gene in Hydra indicates that diversification of genes encoding non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases was a very early event in metazoan evolution.
Adult Neural Precursor Cells from the Subventricular Zone Contribute Significantly to Oligodendrocyte Regeneration and Remyelination (2014)

Parenchymal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (pOPCs) are considered the principal cell type responsible for oligodendrogenesis and remyelinaton in demyelinating diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that neural precursor cells (NPCs) from the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) can also generate new oligodendrocytes after demyelination. However, the relative contribution of NPCs versus pOPCs to remyelination is unknown. We used in vivo genetic fate mapping to assess the behavior of each progenitor type within the corpus callosi (CCs) of mice subjected to cuprizone-induced demyelination. Nestin-CreER(T2) and Pdgfra-CreER(T2) transgenic mice were crossed with fluorescent Cre reporter strains to map the fate of NPCs and pOPCs respectively. In cuprizone-challenged mice, substantial numbers of NPCs migrated into the demyelinated CC and contributed to oligodendrogenesis. This capacity was most prominent in rostral regions adjacent to the SVZ where NPC-derived oligodendrocytes significantly outnumbered those generated from pOPCs. Sixty-two percent of all nodes of Ranvier in this region were flanked by at least one paranode generated from an NPC-derived oligodendrocyte. Remarkably, g-ratios (ratio of the axon diameter to the diameter of the axon plus myelin sheath) of myelinated axons in regions subject to significant NPC-derived remyelination were equivalent to those of unchallenged controls, and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that NPC-derived myelin was significantly thicker than that generated by pOPCs, regardless of axonal caliber. We also demonstrate that a reduced efficiency of remyelination in the caudal CC was associated with long-term impairment in the maturation of oligodendrogenic NPCs but only transient delay in pOPC differentiation. Collectively, our data define a major distinct role for NPCs in remyelination, identifying them as a key target for enhancing myelin repair in demyelinating diseases.
Factors Impacting Client Perceptions of and Satisfaction with Veterinary Services (1989)

Based on theories of impression management (Schlenker, 1980), an argument was made that services marketing is comprised of the strategic presentation of favorable attributes of an actor (the service provider) and favorable attributes of the situation (particular aspects of the service). One hundred ninety-nine subjects participated in a study assessing client perceptions of veterinary services. Using a 2 x 2 x 2 (Expense x Commonness of Procedure x Status of Service Provider) factorial design, subjects viewed one of eight videotapes portraying a veterinary procedure that was either expensive or inexpensive and either common or uncommon or uncommon which was conducted by either a high- or low-status veterinary professional. Subjects responded to sets of questions evaluating the service, the service provider, and the client. It was predicted that an attribute of the service provider would interact with one of the other attributes of the service to create the most favorable impression to clients. A significant status by expense interaction was obtained, suggsting greater consumer responsiveness to high-status professionals providing expensive services. Descriptive data weighing the criteria used in the selection of veterinary services as also provided. Implications for consumer preferences and consumer behaviors and discussed.