gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Batteries: From Mechanics to Devices (2016)

With the rapid development of wearable electronics, it is desirable to design and develop flexible power supplies, especially rechargeable lithium ion batteries, with high performance and superior flexibility and durability for integration into electronics. Structures and materials are two key factors in achieving the flexibility of batteries. Therefore, it becomes important to understand the fundamental mechanics in order to better guide us in the design of flexible batteries to meet the requirements of wearable electronics. In this work, we review recent research progress on batteries for wearable electronics based on structures and materials, covering the fundamental mechanics underlying the structural design mechanism and intrinsically deformable materials as building blocks for flexible batteries. In addition, we review and discuss emerging new materials and structures that could potentially revolutionize the design concepts of flexible batteries for wearable electronics. Therefore, these flexible and wearable materials and structures are not limited to batteries. We can envision that the mechanics and design concepts can also be extended to other electronics for wearable applications.
Applications and benefits of catalytic converter thermal management (1996)

A catalytic converter thermal management system (TMS) using variable-conductance vacuum insulation and phase-change thermal storage can maintain the converter temperature above its operating temperature for many hours, allowing most trips to begin with minimal ``cold-start`` emissions. The latest converter TMS prototype was tested on a Ford Taurus (3.0 liter flex-fuel engine) at Southwest Research Institute. Following a 24-hour soak, the FTP-75 emissions were 0.031, 0.13, and 0.066 g/mile for NMHC, CO, and NOx, respectively. Tests were also run using 85% ethanol (E85), resulting in values of 0.005, 0.124, and 0.044 g/mile, and 0.005 g/mile NMOG. Compared to the baseline FTP levels, these values represent reductions of 84% to 96% for NMHC, NMOG, and CO.
Osteopenia as a feature of the androgen insensitivity syndrome (1995)

Osteopenia in patients with androgen insensitivity may relate to defective androgen action, oestrogen deficiency or a combination of the two. These observations have implications for the management of patients with androgen insensitivity and may provide insight into the effects of androgens on the female as well as the male skeleton.
Correlation of clinical data with proteomics profiles in 24 patients with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2001)

The development of human cancer is caused by complex molecular perturbations leading to variable clinical behavior often even in single disease entities. To prove that expression profiling on the protein level can be correlated with clinical data we systematically compared in a pilot study the protein expression patterns obtained by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with clinical features in human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), a disease characterized by broad clinical variability. Statistical methods were devised to analyze the spot pattern from 24 patient samples. This analysis allowed the identification of proteins that clearly discriminated between the patient groups with defined chromosomal characteristics or whose expression levels did correlate with clinical parameters such as patient survival. This report demonstrates that the correlation of large-scale protein expression profiles with clinical data can be used to gain new insights into molecular aspects of a disease. The data described here show that B-CLL patient populations with shorter survival times exhibit changed levels of redox enzymes, heat shock protein 27 and protein disulfide isomerase. These molecules may be potentially involved in drug resistance.
Isolation of a New Broad-Host-Range IncQ-Like Plasmid, pTC-F14, from the Acidophilic Bacterium <i>Acidithiobacillus caldus</i> and Analysis of the Plasmid Replicon (2001)

ABSTRACT A moderately thermophilic (45 to 50°C), highly acidophilic (pH 1.5 to 2.5), chemolithotrophic Acidithiobacillus caldus strain, f, was isolated from a biooxidation process used to treat nickel ore. Trans-alternating field electrophoresis analysis of total DNA from the A. caldus cells revealed two plasmids of approximately 14 and 45 kb. The 14-kb plasmid, designated pTC-F14, was cloned and shown by replacement of the cloning vector with a kanamycin resistance gene to be capable of autonomous replication in Escherichia coli . Autonomous replication was also demonstrated in Pseudomonas putida and Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404, which suggested that pTC-F14 is a broad-host-range plasmid. Sequence analysis of the pTC-F14 replicon region revealed five open reading frames and a replicon organization like that of the broad-host-range IncQ plasmids. Three of the open reading frames encoded replication proteins which were most closely related to those of IncQ-like plasmid pTF-FC2 (amino acid sequence identities: RepA, 81%; RepB, 78%; RepC, 74%). However, the two plasmids were fully compatible and pTC-F14 represents a new IncQ-like plasmid replicon. Surprisingly, asymmetrical incompatibility was found with the less closely related IncQ plasmid R300B derivative pKE462 and the IncQ-like plasmid derivative pIE1108. Analysis of the pTC-F14 oriV region revealed five direct repeats consisting of three perfectly conserved 22-bp iterons flanked by iterons of 23 and 21 bp. Plasmid pTC-F14 had a copy number of 12 to 16 copies per chromosome in both E. coli, and A. caldus . The rep gene products of pTC-F14 and pTF-FC2 were unable to functionally complement each other's oriV regions, but replication occurred when the genes for each plasmid's own RepA, RepB, and RepC proteins were provided in trans . Two smaller open reading frames were found between the repB and repA genes of pTC-F14, which encode proteins with high amino acid sequence identity (PasA, 81%; PasB, 72%) to the plasmid addiction system of pTF-FC2. This is the second time a plasmid stability system of this type has been found on an IncQ-like plasmid.
Molecular Mechanisms of PPAR-γ; Governing MSC Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation (2016)

Sharing the same precursor cell lineage located in the bone marrow, mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts and adipocytes have a reciprocal relationship in differentiation and function. The nuclear transcription factor peroxisome-proliferator- activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) has been found expressed in both osteoblasts and adipocytes, as well as in MSCs, suggesting its crucial role in regulating adipocyte formation and osteoblast development. It has been observed in animal models that upregulated PPAR-γ activity results in bone loss where marrow adiposity is facilitated, while downregulated PPAR-γ activity leads to bone mass elevation. Evidence suggests that the dual function of PPAR-γ in either anti-osteoblastic or pro-adipocytic aspects is determined by its ligand. Furthermore, various cytokines and extracellular signaling pathways are involved in the transactivation of PPAR-γ, which can trigger the adipogenesis/osteoblastogenesis switch. PPAR-γ, therefore, shows tremendous potential in novel strategies for bone tissue engineering and clinical application. This review summarizes the regulatory function of PPAR-γ in MSC differentiation, as well as the cytokine and extracellular signaling pathways participating in the cross-talk between adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis.
The effect of intracerebroventricular infusion of (+)‐4‐propyl‐9‐hydroxynapthoxacine (PHNO) through a totally implanted drug delivery system in rats with dopamine deficiency (1987)

Rats with experimentally induced DA deficiency were treated with intracerebroventricular administration of (+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxacine (PHNO) through a totally implanted chronic delivery system which delivered PHNO, 0.9 microgram/h, continuously for up to 2 weeks. Rats with 6-OH-DA induced unilateral nigrostriatal lesion showed, after PHNO infusion, a potent and persistent contralateral turning behavior (8-11 turns/min) which was not present in vehicle-infused animals. The intensity of spontaneous and apomorphine-induced rotation did not decrease after 2 weeks of continuous infusion, suggesting that tolerance to PHNO or to other dopamine agonists did not develop. The magnitude of the spontaneous turning behavior in PHNO-infused animals correlated well with the baseline response to apomorphine (r = 0.505, p less than 0.025). Rats implanted with pumps delivering PHNO or vehicle were treated with reserpine, 0.5 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Vehicle-infused, reserpinized animals had a severe akinesia and weight loss during the experimental period (motor activity, measured in counts per minute was reduced to 5-10% of baseline levels, and body weight to 50% of baseline levels). PHNO-infusion partially restored activity to 60% of baseline counts and reduced the severity of weight loss. PHNO effects were observed for as long as the infusion was maintained. No side effects were observed. Intracerebroventricular infusion of PHNO may be an alternative experimental approach to untreatable motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease.
Ultrafast all-optical glass fiber switches (1987)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. F. LIAO, "Ultrafast all-optical glass fiber switches," Optics News 13(12), 27_1-28 (1987) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Carrier effects on biological activity of amphotericin B (1996)

Amphotericin B (AmB), the drug of choice for the treatment of most systemic fungal infections, is marketed under the trademark Fungizone, as an AmB-deoxycholate complex suitable for intravenous administration. The association between AmB and deoxycholate is relatively weak; therefore, dissociation occurs in the blood. The drug itself interacts with both mammalian and fungal cell membranes to damage cells, but the greater susceptibility of fungal cells to its effects forms the basis for its clinical usefulness. The ability of the drug to form stable complexes with lipids has allowed the development of new formulations of AmB based on this property. Several lipid-based formulations of the drug which are more selective in damaging fungal or parasitic cells than mammalian cells and some of which also have a better therapeutic index than Fungizone have been developed. In vitro investigations have led to the conclusion that the increase in selectivity observed is due to the selective transfer of AmB from lipid complexes to fungal cells or to the higher thermodynamic stability of lipid formulations. Association with lipids modulates AmB binding to lipoproteins in vivo, thus influencing tissue distribution and toxicity. For example, lipid complexes of AmB can be internalized by macrophages, and the macrophages then serve as a reservoir for the drug. Furthermore, stable AmB-lipid complexes are much less toxic to the host than Fungizone and can therefore be administered in higher doses. Experimentally, the efficacy of AmB-lipid formulations compared with Fungizone depends on the animal model used. Improved therapeutic indices for AmB-lipid formations have been demonstrated in clinical trials, but the definitive trials leading to the selection of an optimal formulation and therapeutic regimen have not been done.
Islam in East Africa: An overview (1978)

This article will focus on Islam in the culture zone associated with Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.1 It will treat the history of the expansion of Islam in this area only by way of introductory background. It will concentrate not so much on the interaction of Islamic law and indige nous institutions as on the process of acculturation in terms of its effects on Islamic religious rituals and beliefs.2 Our emphasis then will be not on the influence of Islam on the culture but the effect of the culture on traditional Islamic patterns. What are the characteristics of Islam in this area of Africa?
Asymmetric Thermal Effects in High Temperature Cells with Solid Electrolytes (1995)

The sodium‐nickel chloride battery (the ZEBRA cell), and the sodium‐sulfur cell, contain β''‐alumina as solid electrolyte. When the cells are charged or discharged, heat is absorbed or released; some of the heat comes from dissipative effects such as joule heating and electrode irreversibility, and some from the reversible reactions at the electrodes. If the rates of heat production in the anode and cathode compartments of the cells are different, thermal stresses could be set up in the electrolyte. In this paper we apply irreversible thermodynamics to quantify these effects.
A capacitive Frisch grid structure for CdZnTe detectors (2001)

Recent results with CdZnTe (CZT) gamma spectrometers have shown that Frisch grid structures yield an excellent performance. Hole trapping problems have been solved by this means. However, some difficulties persist concerning optimization of performance in terms of electronic noise and response uniformity. Also, the complexity of Frisch grid structures makes them hard to manufacture on an industrial scale. This paper presents some results obtained using a new Frisch grid structure based on capacitive coupling. Extremely easy to produce, it allows highly efficient detector screening without leakage current increase.
[Cold stress induces the suppression of splenic NK cell activity and the c-fos expression in rat brain]. (2002)

The vasopressinergic neurons in PVN and the catecholaminergic neurons in LC might be probably involved in the suppression of splenic NK cell activity induced by cold stress.
Positioning and Immobilization of Individual Quantum Dots with Nanoscale Precision (2010)

We demonstrate a technique for the precise immobilization of nanoscale objects at accurate positions on two-dimensional surfaces. We have developed a water-based photoresist that causes nanostructures such as colloidal quantum dots to segregate to a thin layer at surfaces. By combining this material with electroosmotic feedback control, we demonstrate the ability to position selected, individual quantum dots at specific locations and to immobilize them with 130 nm precision via localized UV exposure.
A feedback strategy for a closed loop end-of-life cycle process (1995)

This paper focuses on the need for creation of a closed loop system integrating research in the highly intertwined areas of design for disassembly and end of life cycle equipment disposition. An overview of the closed loop, team approach to reuse and recycling is presented. This paper not only discusses the obvious merits of this closed loop system but emphasizes the need for feedback from the demanufacturing process with specific case study examples. A framework is provided that highlights the key areas of feedback that can be provided from the recycling operation to the design process. Four areas of data collection are proposed and examples of data from each area are provided. The four areas of data collection are costed in the form of complexity and time, revenues provided in respect to the materials that can be liberated, environmental impact in the form of residual material disposal, and technical difficulty in the form of special tools, material handling, material identification, etc. The feedback mechanisms are explored in the context of both closed loop and open loop recycling plans. This data collection framework is demonstrated through the examination of a telephone switch recycling project. The project involves elements of electronics recycling that can be applied to a broad range of telephony and computer equipment. This particular recycling project is selected because of the overall economic return and the trade-offs that are necessary to generate the best economic return. Information is provided on materials that are liberated during the recycling process, costs incurred in the recycling process, environmental impact of waste materials, and cost trade-offs associated with further material liberation. In addition, this example highlights areas of design feedback that result from an analysis of the recycling operation data collection process.
Systematic Exploration of Active Site Mutations on Human Deoxycytidine Kinase Substrate Specificity (2008)

Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is responsible for the phosphorylation of a number of clinically important nucleoside analogue prodrugs in addition to its natural substrates, 2'-deoxycytidine, 2'-deoxyguanosine, and 2'-deoxyadenosine. To improve the low catalytic activity and tailor the substrate specificity of dCK, we have constructed libraries of mutant enzymes and tested them for thymidine kinase (tk) activity. Random mutagenesis was employed to probe for amino acid positions with an impact on substrate specificity throughout the entire enzyme structure, identifying positions Arg104 and Asp133 in the active site as key residues for substrate specificity. Kinetic analysis indicates that Arg104Gln/Asp133Gly creates a "generalist" kinase with broader specificity and elevated turnover for natural and prodrug substrates. In contrast, the substitutions of Arg104Met/Asp133Thr, obtained via site-saturation mutagenesis, yielded a mutant with reversed substrate specificity, elevating the specific constant for thymidine phosphorylation by over 1000-fold while eliminating activity for dC, dA, and dG under physiological conditions. The results illuminate the key contributions of these two amino acid positions to enzyme function by demonstrating their ability to moderate substrate specificity.
Chick cartilage chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein. II. Nucleotide sequence of cDNA clone and localization of the S103L epitope. (1990)

A lambda gt11 expression library containing cDNA from total chick embryo was screened with S103L, a rat monoclonal antibody which reacts specifically with the core protein of the chick cartilage chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. One clone was identified which produced a 220-kDa beta-galactosidase/S103L-binding fusion protein. Sequencing the entire 1.5-kilobase cDNA insert showed that it contained a single open reading frame, which encoded a portion of the proteoglycan core protein from the chondroitin sulfate domain. This was confirmed by comparison with amino acid sequence data from peptide CS-B, which was derived from the chondroitin sulfate domain (Krueger, R.C., Jr., Fields, T. A., Hildreth, J., IV, and Schwartz, N.B. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 12075-12087). Furthermore, the 3' end of the insert overlapped with 23 bases at the 5' end of the published sequence for the C-terminal globular domain (Sai, S., Tanaka, T., Kosher, R. A., and Tanzer, M. L. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 5081-5085), which oriented this clone, as well as the CS peptide, along the protein core. The cDNA insert hybridized with a 9-kilobase mRNA from sternal chondrocytes as well as a similar sized message in brain but did not hybridize to any message from rat chondrosarcoma or from undifferentiated limb bud mesenchyme. In further studies, the fusion protein as well as a cyanogen bromide fragment (70 kDa) derived from it were isolated and shown to react with S103L, indicating that cleavage at methionine residues does not disrupt the antibody recognition site. Purification and N-terminal sequencing of the antigenic CNBr fragment derived from the fusion protein revealed that its N terminus is preceded by a methionine in the fusion protein and overlaps with the N terminus of peptide CS-B. As peptide CS-B is not recognized by S103L and the C terminus of peptide CS-B lies beyond the proteoglycan portion of the antigenic CNBr fragment, the S103L epitope is either contained within the 11 amino acids preceding the N terminus of peptide CS-B or it spans the clostripain cleavage site at the origin of the N terminus of peptide CS-B.
Modulation of in vivo alloreactivity by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase. (1995)

The role of nitric oxide in the immune response to allogeneic tissue was explored in an in vivo cardiac transplant model in the rat. Nitric oxide production during organ rejection was demonstrated by elevations in systemic serum nitrite/nitrate levels and by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Messenger RNA for the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme was detected in the rejecting allografted heart, but not in the nonrejecting isografted heart. The enzyme was demonstrated to be biologically active by the in vitro conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline and was immunohistochemically localized to the infiltrating inflammatory cells. Treatment with aminoguanidine, a preferential inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform, prevented the increased nitric oxide production in the transplanted organ and significantly attenuated the pathogenesis of acute rejection. Aminoguanidine treatment prolonged graft survival, improved graft contractile function, and significantly reduced the histologic grade of rejection. These results suggest an important role for nitric oxide in mediating the immune response to allogeneic tissue. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase may provide a novel therapeutic modality in the management of acute transplant rejection and of other immune-mediated processes.
A Cre‐reporter transgenic mouse expressing the far‐red fluorescent protein Katushka (2010)

Cre/loxP-dependent expression of fluorescent proteins represents a powerful biological tool for cell lineage, fate-mapping, and genetic analysis. Live tissue imaging has significantly improved with the development of far-red fluorescent proteins, with optimized spectral characteristics for in vivo applications. Here, we report the generation of the first transgenic mouse line expressing the far-red fluorescent protein Katushka, driven by the hybrid CAG promoter upon Cre-mediated recombination. After germ line or tissue-specific Cre-driven reporter activation, Katushka expression is strong and ubiquitous, without toxic effects, allowing fluorescence detection in fresh and fixed samples from all tissues examined. Moreover, fluorescence can be detected by in vivo noninvasive whole-body imaging when Katuhska is expressed exclusively in a specific cell population deep within the animal body such as pancreatic beta cells. Thus, this reporter model enables early, widespread, and sensitive in vivo detection of Cre activity and should provide a versatile tool for a wide spectrum of fluorescence and live-imaging applications.
Deficiency of Scavenger Receptor BI Leads to Impaired Lymphocyte Homeostasis and Autoimmune Disorders in Mice (2011)

SR-BI regulates lymphocyte homeostasis, likely through its roles in modulating the proliferation of lymphocytes, the cytokine production by lymphocytes and macrophages, and the function of HDL. Its deficiency leads to impaired lymphocyte homeostasis and autoimmune disorders. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of SR-BI in adaptive immunity.