gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MAP Kinase Is Required for the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint but Is Dispensable for the Normal M Phase Entry and Exit in <i>Xenopus</i> Egg Cell Cycle Extracts (1997)

In Xenopus laevis egg cell cycle extracts that mimic early embryonic cell cycles, activation of MAP kinase and MAP kinase kinase occurs in M phase, slightly behind that of maturation promoting factor. To examine the possible role of MAP kinase in the in vitro cell cycle, we depleted the extracts of MAP kinase by using anti-Xenopus MAP kinase antibody. Like in the mock-treated extracts, the periodic activation and deactivation of MPF occurred normally in the MAP kinase-depleted extracts, suggesting that MAP kinase is dispensable for the normal M phase entry and exit in vitro. It has recently been reported that microtubule depolymerization by nocodazole treatment can block exit from mitosis in the extracts if enough sperm nuclei are present, and that the addition of MAP kinase-specific phosphatase MKP-1 overcomes this spindle assembly checkpoint, suggesting the involvement of MAP kinase in the checkpoint signal transduction. We show here that the spindle assembly checkpoint mechanism cannot operate in the MAP kinase-depleted extracts. But, adding recombinant Xenopus MAP kinase to the MAP kinase-depleted extracts restored the spindle assembly checkpoint. These results indicate unambiguously that classical MAP kinase is required for the spindle assembly checkpoint in the cell cycle extracts. In addition, we show that strong activation of MAP kinase by the addition of a constitutively active MAP kinase kinase kinase in the absence of sperm nuclei and nocodazole, induced mitotic arrest in the extracts. Therefore, activation of MAP kinase alone is sufficient for inducing the mitotic arrest in vitro.
Polarizing color filter based on a subwavelength metal–dielectric grating (2011)

We propose a polarizing color filter based on a one-dimensional subwavelength metal-dielectric grating combining the functions of a polarizer and a color filter. The proposed device consists of three parts: a substrate, a dielectric grating, and a metal grating. The effects of the dielectric grating and the metal grating are investigated in detail by rigorous coupled-wave analysis. Performance is enhanced effectively by utilizing a dielectric grating of high equivalent refractive index. Typical optimized structural parameters are obtained, in which more than 72.6% broadband transmission with >21 dB polarization extinction ratio are simultaneously achieved for a tricolor filter. For transverse electric (TE) polarized light, its reflection efficiency is more than 71.8% in the broad passband light range, which can be recycled by rotating the TE polarization in part into transverse magnetic polarization and reimpinging on the designed device to increase the total energy efficiency. Numerical results show that peak transmission efficiency (PTE) is increased by at least 12.9% using recycled TE-polarized light.
Novel Six-Step and Twelve-Step Current-Source Inverters with DC Side Commutation and Energy Rebound (1981)

Novel six-step and twelve-step current-source inverters (CSI) with dc side commutation and energy rebound capability are presented with detailed explanation of the circuit operation. The proposed inverters can operate in a very wide range of frequency and load variation by employing dc side commutation. Also, the energy rebound makes the use of low voltage silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR's) possible and increases the inverter efficiency. Unlike the dual current-source inverter, one auxiliary inverter with a power requirement of about one-half that of the main inverter is simply added to the six-step CSI in order to obtain a twelve-step CSI. Motor operation is possible in four quadrants in both six-and twelve-step inverters. The advantages of the proposed CSI's over conventional ones are described, and experimental results are given in oscillograms.
Antioxidant effect of soy lecithins on vegetable oil stability and their synergism with tocopherols (2003)

Abstract The antioxidant effect of lecithins was tested on several oils and fats varying in FA composition and tocopherol content. Standard lecithins, when added at a level of 1% w/w, exhibited a good protective effect against oxidation. This effect was observed to depend on the phospholipid content of the tested lecithins and the FA composition of the tested oils. Better results were obtained with lecithin samples containing high proportions of PC and PE. Indeed, the main antioxidant mechanism of lecithins was due to a synergistic effect between amino‐alcohol phospholipids and γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols. No synergism was observed with α‐tocopherols, especially when the tested oil was rich in linoleic acid. Therefore, the antioxidant protection of lecithins was not effective for sunflower oil. Finally, the use of fractionated or enriched lecithins was not clearly advantageous compared to standard oil lecithins.
Semi-Nested Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods for the Successful Quantitation of Cytokeratin mRNA Expression Levels for the Subtyping of Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Using Paraffin-Embedded and Microdissected Lung Biopsy Specimens (2012)

In patients with inoperable advanced non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), histological subtyping using small-mount biopsy specimens was often required to decide the indications for drug treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of highly sensitive mRNA quantitation for the subtyping of advanced NSCLC using small formalin fixing and paraffin embedding (FFPE) biopsy samples. Cytokeratin (CK) 6, CK7, CK14, CK18, and thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1 mRNA expression levels were measured using semi-nested real-time quantitative (snq) reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in microdissected tumor cells collected from 52 lung biopsies. Our results using the present snqRT-PCR method showed an improvement in mRNA quantitation from small FFPE samples, and the mRNA expression level using snqRT-PCR was correlated with the immunohistochemical protein expression level. CK7, CK18, and TTF-1 mRNA were expressed at significantly higher levels (P<0.05) in adenocarcinoma (AD) than in squamous cell carcinoma (SQ), while CK6 and CK14 mRNA expression was significantly higher (P<0.05) in SQ than in AD. Each histology-specific CK, particularly CK18 in AD and CK6 in SQ, were shown to be correlated with a poor prognosis (P=0.02, 0.02, respectively). Our results demonstrated that a quantitative CK subtype mRNA analysis from lung biopsy samples can be useful for predicting the histology subtype and prognosis of advanced NSCLC.
Design a High-Performance Just-In-Time Compiler for a J2ME JVM on XScale (2008)

The just-in-time compilers have been widely adopted in J2SE and J2ME virtual machines. However, it is a big challenge for a JIT compiler to generate high-quality native code under the tight time and memory constraints on embedded systems. This paper presents the framework and key optimizations of a JIT compiler we designed for Intelpsilas J2ME virtual machine, namely XORP, for XScaletrade architecture. We describe the bytecode-based optimizations, e.g. bytecode inlining, Array Bounds Check Elimination, Null Pointer Check Elimination, etc., and some key optimizations aimed at XScaletrade architecture, e.g. instruction scheduling, etc., in the XORP JIT. XORP is more than 15 times faster than the reference implementation of J2ME CLDC, KVM, for EEMBC, with a 350KB executable file, including interpreter, JIT compiler, GC and all other JVM components. Comparing with other high-performance J2ME JVMs, like JeodeK and CLDC-HI, XORP is also at least 69% faster than them.
Vietnamese spelling detection and correction using Bi-gram, Minimum Edit Distance, SoundEx algorithms with some additional heuristics (2008)

The spelling checking problem is considered to contain two main phases: the detecting phase and the correcting phase. In this paper, we present a new approach for Vietnamese spelling checking based on Vietnamese characteristics for each phase. Our research approach includes the use of a syllable Bi-gram in combination with parts of speech (POS) to find out suspected syllables. In the correcting phase, we based on minimum edit distance, SoundEx algorithms and some heuristics to build a weight function for assessing suggestion candidates. The training corpus and the test set were collected from e-newspapers.
Eyo: device-transparent personal storage (2011)

Users increasingly store data collections such as digital photographs on multiple personal devices, each of which typically offers a storage management interface oblivious to the contents of the user’s other devices. As a result, collections become disorganized and drift out of sync. This paper presents Eyo, a novel personal storage system that provides device transparency: a user can think in terms of “file X”, rather than “file X on device Y ”, and will see the same set of files on all personal devices. Eyo allows a user to view and manage the entire collection of objects from any of their devices, even from disconnected devices and devices with too little storage to hold all the object content. Eyo synchronizes these collections across any network topology, including direct peer-to-peer links. Eyo provides applications with a storage API with first-class access to object version history in order to resolve update conflicts automatically. Experiments with several applications using Eyo— media players, a photo editor, a podcast manager, and an email interface—show that device transparency requires only minor application changes, and matches the storage and bandwidth capabilities of typical portable devices. 1
Epigenetics and DNA Methylation Come of Age in Toxicology (2002)

A wide variety of chemical and physical agents have the potential to produce adverse effects by causing heritable changes to the genome, resulting in heritable alterations in phenotype. These are often assumed to be a consequence of mutation. However, mutagenesis is not the only mechanism underlying heritable alterations to the genome. It is important to understand that there may also be an epigenetic basis for this. DNA methylation is the epigenetic mechanism that this review focuses upon. We indicate how altered methylation may play a key role in a variety of chemical-induced toxicities, including, but not limited to, carcinogenesis, and we point out how an assessment of methylation status can provide important information as a component of an overall safety assessment.
An adaptive scheduling scheme for dynamic service time allocation on a shared resource (2003)

A scheduling scheme that allows a number of customers to share a common resource in an efficient and fair way is presented. Each customer is allowed to use the resource for an amount of time that does not exceed a certain limit, the limit being a function of the waiting time elapsed between the time of its last request and the time of access to the resource. After expiration of the service time allocated to a customer, if more service is still needed, the customer has to re-enter the request queue and issue a new service request. The scheme combines the advantages of both processor-sharing and first-come, first-served disciplines in a dynamic way. The applicability and the advantages of the scheme in both open and closed system environments are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ein „Lithosilicat” mit Kolumnareinheiten: RbLi<sub>5</sub>{Li[SiO<sub>4</sub>]}<sub>2</sub> (1991)

Abstract Bei dem Versuch, RbLi 3 [SiO 4 ] darzustellen, entstanden erstmals Einkristalle von RbLi 5 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 2 durch Tempern inniger Gemenge der binären Oxide RbO 0,68 , LiO 0,5 und SiO 2 [Rb:Li:Si = 1,1:3,0:1,0; 600°C; 21 d] in fest verschlossenen Ni‐Bömbchen. Das neue „Lithosilicat”︁ kristallisiert monoklin (Raumgruppe C2/m mit a = 1563,1(2) pm, b = 635,4(1) pm, c = 776,3(1) pm, β = 90,53(1)°, Guinier‐Simon‐Daten). Die Kristallstruktur wurde mittels Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten aufgeklärt [Philips PW 1100, 1237 von 1609 I o (hkl), Z = 4, R = 9,2%, R w = 8,3%], Parameter siehe Text. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, sowie Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR, wurden berechnet.
Experiments on supersonic combustion ramjet propulsion in a shock tunnel (1995)

Measurements have been made of the propulsive effect of supersonic combustion ramjets incorporated into a simple axisymmetric model in a free piston shock tunnel. The nominal Mach number was 6, and the stagnation enthalpy varied from 2.8 to 8.5 MJ kg −1 . A mixture of 13% silane and 87% hydrogen was used as fuel, and experiments were conducted at equivalence ratios up to approximately 0.8. The measurements involved the axial force on the model, and were made using a stress wave force balance, which is a recently developed technique for measuring forces in shock tunnels. A net thrust was experienced up to a stagnation enthalpy of 3.7 MJ kg −1 , but as the stagnation enthalpy increased, an increasing net drag was recorded. Pilot and static pressure measurements showed that the combustion was supersonic. The results were found to compare satisfactorily with predictions based on established theoretical models, used with some simplifying approximations. The rapid reduction of net thrust with increasing stagnation enthalpy was seen to arise from increasing precombustion temperature, showing the need to control this variable if thrust performance was to be maintained over a range of stagnation enthalpies. Both the inviscid and viscous drag were seen to be relatively insensitive to stagnation enthalpy, with the combustion chambers making a particularly significant contribution to drag. The maximum fuel specific impulse achieved in the experiments was only 175 s, but the theory indicates that there is considerable scope for improvement on this through aerodynamic design.
A Novel Diode Structure with Controlled Injection of Backside Holes (CIBH) (2006)

In this paper we present a novel 3.3kV diode structure with controlled injection of backside holes, i.e. CIBH diode. This new diode structure features buried floating p layers at the cathode side. These p doped areas prevent the formation of high electric field strength at the nn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> junction and accordingly avoid the avalanche generation at the nn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> junction. The CIBH diode concept provides, compared to diodes without p layers and the same design, significantly improved dynamic ruggedness and improved soft reverse recovery at low current densities. Simulations and results of the first fabricated diodes show the realizability of this new promising diode concept.
Programmable low dropout voltage regulator (2005)

We present a design for a low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator is presented using floating-gate techniques to set the regulator output voltage and the ac and dc operating points of the circuit. In comparison with conventional topologies, this approach does not require a feedback resistive divider or a bandgap reference to generate a temperature independent voltage. The use of floating-gates allows the regulator output to be programmed to a desired mode of operation and then stored in a non-volatile manner. Experimental results are presented from a prototype circuit fabricated in MOSIS; this circuit has been functional in 2.0/spl mu/m, 1.2/spl mu/m, and 0.5/spl mu/m processes available through MOSIS.
The distribution of carbon monoxide and ozone in the free troposphere (1981)

The two‐dimensional distributions of CO and O 3 in the free troposphere during July and August, 1974, are discussed. The data confirm the previous findings that both of these gases are considerably more abundant in the northern hemisphere, but the degree of the asymmetry is somewhat different from what had been reported previously, especially for CO. When examined with respect to other available data sets, the conclusion is drawn that a pronounced seasonal cycle exists for CO in both hemispheres which may be driven by the likely seasonal cycle of the OH radical. The data also indicate that CO concentrations exhibit significant variability with height in the northern hemisphere, whereas southern hemispheric concentrations are quite constant with altitude except in cases where interhemispheric exchange of air may be occurring. A discussion on the vertical and horizontal transport processes inferred from the CO and O 3 measurements is presented. The possible interdependence of the photochemical cycles of these two trace gases is also discussed.
The wolf totem: using metaphor(s) to map the Chinese banking sector (2013)

Purpose: This paper uses metaphor to map the Chinese banking sector and make evident the weaknesses of the current system and provide an understanding of how they may be overcome.\nDesign/methodology/approach: The semi-autobiographical novel, The Wolf Totem, is used to explore key aspects of the banking sector, drawing similarities between the types of banks and the various species portrayed in the novel.\nFindings: An approach to the reformation of the Chinese banking sector that borrows from notions of ecological holism is put forward as a means of ensuring the future success of the sector.\nOriginality/value: This study presents an interesting way of adopting metaphor to make sense of a complex financial system.
Cloning, sequencing and expression of the lipase gene from <i>Pseudomonas fragi</i> IFO‐12049 in <i>E. coli</i> (1988)

The lipase gene from Pseudomonas fragi IFO-12049 was isolated using the expression library and the primary structure of lipase deduced from the nucleotide sequence was determined. It is composed of 277 amino acid residues and a protein of Mr 29,966, which was close to the value of the lipase expressed in E. coli.
Crosstalk in digital transmission over subscriber cable (2003)

An analysis of near end crosstalk in digital transmission over a subscriber loop is presented. An analytical expression for NEXT between parallel and between twisted lines is evaluated. The expression depends on physical characteristics of the line. Because the phase characteristic is also known, it is possible to obtain the transfer function of NEXT in the time domain. The amplitude of NEXT increases almost linearly with frequency, not with a power of 3/4 of the frequency as expected from previous results. It is noted that expressions for NEXT, if needed, can be derived using the same method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Preliminary findings after 2 years (2007)

Aspects of NAFLD including steatohepatitis improved significantly with massive weight loss at 2 years after RYGB surgery. No patient in this series had progression of hepatic fibrosis.
Transcriptional Regulation of Cyclin A2 by RASSF1A through the Enhanced Binding of p120E4F to the Cyclin A2 Promoter (2005)

Recent advances in the study of RASSF1A, the candidate tumor suppressor gene, indicate a possible role of RASSF1A in cell cycle regulation; however, very little is known regarding molecular mechanisms underlying this control. Using small interfering RNA to knockdown endogenous RASSF1A in the breast tumor cell line HB2 and in the cervical cancer cell line HeLa, we identify that a key player in cell cycle progression, cyclin A2, is concomitantly increased at both protein and mRNA levels. In A549 clones stably expressing RASSF1A, cyclin A2 levels were diminished compared with vector control. A known transcriptional regulator of cyclin A2, p120(E4F) (a repressor of cyclin A2), has been shown previously by our group to interact with RASSF1A. We show that levels of p120(E4F) are not affected by RASSF1A small interfering RNA in HB2 and HeLa cells. However, electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that knockdown of endogenous RASSF1A in HB2 and HeLa cells leads to a reduction in the binding capacity of p120(E4F) to the cyclin A2 promoter, whereas in the A549 clone stably expressing RASSF1A the binding capacity is increased. These data are further corroborated in vitro by the luciferase assay and in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. Together, these data identify the cyclin A2 gene as a cellular target for RASSF1A through p120(E4F) and for the first time suggest a transcriptional mechanism for RASSF1A-dependent cell cycle regulation.
Nuclear power and civil liberties (2015)

Nuclear power is an energy source but it also has implications for civil liberties such as freedom of speech and assembly. Because nuclear power is centralised, expensive and potentially dangerous, it is a potential target for terrorists. It also increases the risk of nuclear proliferation. Preventing these possibilities means cutting back on civil liberties. The result: nuclear power is not a suitable power source for a free society. Energy systems are concerned with energy, of course, but they also have other implications, for example for the environment and investment policy. One of the important but little-discussed impacts of energy systems is on personal and social freedom. Freedom should be a factor in energy choices. Nuclear power has several characteristic features. First, it is a large-scale energy source: units are typically around 1000MW. A nuclear power plant is very large physically. Second, it is very expensive — it costs billions of dollars to build a single plant.
Physiology-based Mathematical Models for the Intensive Care Unit: Application to Mechanical Ventilation (2014)

This work takes us a step closer to realizing personalized medicine, complementing empirical and heuristic way in which clinicians typically work. This thesis presents mechanistic models of physiology. These models, given continuous signals from a patient, can be fine-tuned via parameter estimation methods so that the model's outputs match the patient's. We thus obtain a virtual patient mimicking the patient at hand. Therapeutic scenarios can then be applied and optimal diagnosis and therapy can thus be attained. As such, personalized medicine can then be achieved without resorting to costly genetics. In particular we have developed a novel comprehensive mathematical model of the cardiopulmonary system that includes cardiovascular circulation, respiratory mechanics, tissue and alveolar gas exchange, as well as short-term neural control. Validity of the model was proven by the excellent agreement with real patient data, under normo-physiological as well as hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions, taken from literature. As a concrete example, a submodel of the lung mechanics was fine-tuned using real patient data and personalized respiratory parameters (resistance, R_rs, and compliance, C_rs) were estimated continually. This allows us to compute the patient's effort (Work of Breathing), continuously and more importantly noninvasively. Finally, the use of Bayesian estimation techniques, which allow incorporation of population studies and prior information about model's parameters, was proposed in the contest of patient-specific physiological models. A Bayesian Maximum a Posteriori Probability (MAP) estimator was implemented and applied to a case-study of respiratory mechanics. Its superiority against the classical Least Squares method was proven in data-poor conditions using both simulated and real animal data. This thesis can serve as a platform for a plethora of applications for cardiopulmonary personalized medicine.