gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in membrane lipid fatty acids of some sympodial bamboos in response to low temperature exposure. (2009)

The effect of low temperature on membrane lipid fatty acid composition in the leaves of some sympodial bamboo species was studied.The results showed that the two major lipid fatty acids were palmitic acid and linolenic acid.The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid and the Index of unsaturated fatty acid(IUFA) of tested sympodial bamboos increased under low temperature treatment,and the ratio of membrane unsaturated fatty acid composition of cold-resistant sympodial bamboos was higher than that of cold-sensitive sympodial bamboos.The results indicated that the content of unsaturated fatty acid of sympodial bamboos had a close relationship with its cold sensitivity after acclimation in winter.Under low temperature stress,the content of membrane unsaturated fatty acid increased significantly to maintain membrane fluidity.
mrPUF: A Memristive Device based Physical Unclonable Function (2013)

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) exploit the intrinsic complexity and irreproducibility of physical systems to generate secret information. PUFs have the potential to provide fundamentally higher security than traditional cryptographic methods by preventing the cloning of identities and the extraction of secret keys. One unique and exciting opportunity is that of using the super-high information content (SHIC) capability of nanocrossbar architecture as well as the high resistance programming variation of resistive memories to develop a highly secure on-chip PUFs for extremely resource constrained devices characterized by limited power and area budgets such as passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices. We show how to implement PUF based on nano-scale memristive (resistive memory) devices (mrPUF). Our proposed architecture significantly increased the number of possible challenge-response pairs (CRPs), while also consuming relatively lesser power (around 70 uW). The presented approach can be used in other silicon-based PUFs as well.
Bandpass filters for use in the visible region (1977)

A series of new filter glasses showing fairly symmetrical bandpass shapes has been developed. The transmittance curves with half-widths ranging between 58 nm and 168 nm cover the whole visible region. It seems that almost any desired peak transmittance wavelength can be obtained by compositional shifting. These new filters should find useful application in optics and filter radiometry.
Über die Inhaltsstoffe des grünen Knollenblätterpilzes, XXXVII. Die absoluten Konfigurationen der in den Phytotoxinen enthaltenen γ‐Hydroxyaminosäuren und der γ‐Hydroxynorvaline (1968)

Abstract Durch Analyse der NMR‐Spektren von teils aus den Phytotoxinen isolierten, teils synthetisch erhaltenen α‐Amino‐γ‐lactonhydrochloriden ließen sich die absoluten Konfigurationen bestimmen. Der im Phalloidin vorkommende Baustein ist (2S,4R)‐4.5‐Dihydroxy‐leucin (Lacton 3 ), der des γ‐Amanitins (2S,4R)‐4‐Hydroxy‐isoleucin (Lacton 6 ), der des α‐Amanitins (2S,4S)‐4.5‐Dihydroxy‐isoleucin (Lacton 8 ). Von den beiden diastereomeren Lactonen des γ‐Hydroxynorvalins, die sich dünnschichtchromatographisch trennen lassen, leitet sich das langsamer wandernde 9 vom (2S,4R)‐4‐Hydroxy‐norvalin (oder vom Antipoden) ab. Die aus Lathyrus odoratus von L. Fowden isolierte Aminosäure (S. 210) hat die (2S,4S)‐Konfiguration. ‐ Die in saurer wäßr. Lösung vorliegenden Gleichgewichte von Lacton und offener Säure wurden für einige γ‐Hydroxyaminosäuren NMR‐spektroskopisch ermittelt (Tab. 1, S. 212).
Novel Molecules for Photorefractive Application (1996)

Abstract Monolithic multifunctional chromophores have been developed as a new class of organic photorefractive materials. Oligomeric carbazole molecular systems in the form of starburst dendrimers and conjugated trimers were studied. Molecular solids of acceptor-substituted carbazole oligomers and dendrimers exhibit glass transition. The second-order nonlinear optical coefficients d ij were determined to be 50 pm/V by second-harmonic generation measurements. We also examined the photoconductive properties by the xerographic discharge method. Two beam coupling and four-wave mixing experiments were performed to characterize photorefractivities. The photorefractive phase shift measurement indicated that the induced index grating is shifted by 90[ddot] with respect to the absorption grating. Unlike usual photorefractive polymers containing multi-component systems these multifunctional chromophores can be applied to monolithic photorefractive materials.
Colour Correlation-based Matching (2005)

In the context of computer vision, stereo matching can be done using correlation measures. Few papers deal with color correlationbased matching so the underlying problem of this paper is about how it can be adapted to color images. The goals of this work are to help choosing a color space and to generalize the correlation measures to color. Nine color spaces and three different methods have been investigated to evaluate their suitability for stereo matching. The results show us to what extent stereo matching can be improved with color.
Efficient Generation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Corneal Endothelial Cells by Directed Differentiation (2015)

hESC-CECs are morphologically similar, express corneal endothelial cell markers and express a nearly identical complement of genes compared to human adult corneal endothelial cells. hESC-CECs may be a suitable alternative to donor-derived corneal endothelium.
Time-frequency analysis of systolic murmurs (1997)

Many pathological conditions produce heart murmurs which may or may not be audible during auscultation. The significance of murmur during auscultation generally alerts the examiner for further medical investigations such as Doppler test, ultrasonic imaging or cardiac catheterisation. This approach, however, has not proved efficient. There are many cases in which auscultation fails to discriminate benign from pathological murmurs. On the other hand the presence of other cardiac sounds may mask pathological murmurs, resulting in exempting potential cardiac patients from further examination. Due to these possibilities, an intermediate objective method capable of estimating the severity of heart murmurs has been always desirable. This paper addresses the characteristics of heart murmurs from signal theory point of view and suggests an appropriate signal analysis method which is capable of describing the dynamics of heart murmurs. The result of a pilot study using the proposed method indicates a distinctive pattern for time-frequency distribution of heart murmurs which is expected to provide information of diagnostic importance.
Manipulation of Molecular Transport into Mesoporous Silica Thin Films by the Infiltration of Polyelectrolytes (2011)

The design of hybrid mesoporous materials incorporating polymeric assemblies as versatile functional units has become a very fertile research area offering major opportunities for controlling molecular transport through interfaces. However, the creation of such functional materials depends critically on our ability to assemble polymeric units in a predictable manner within mesopores with dimensions comparable to the size of the macromolecular blocks themselves. In this work, we describe for the first time the manipulation of the molecular transport properties of mesoporous silica thin films by the direct infiltration of polyelectrolytes into the inner environment of the 3D porous framework. The hybrid architectures were built up through the infiltration-electrostatic assembly of polyallylamine (PAH) on the mesopore silica walls, and the resulting systems were studied by a combination of experimental techniques including ellipso-porosimetry, cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, among others. Our results show that the infiltration-assembly of PAH alters the intrinsic cation-permselective properties of mesoporous silica films, rendering them ion-permeable mesochannels and enabling the unrestricted diffusion of cationic and anionic species through the hybrid interfacial architecture. Contrary to what happens during the electrostatic assembly of PAH on planar silica films (quantitative charge reversal), the surface charge of the mesoporous walls is completely neutralized upon assembling the cationic PAH layer (i.e., no charge reversal occurs). We consider this work to have profound implications not only on the molecular design of multifunctional mesoporous thin films but also on understanding the predominant role of nanoconfinement effects in dictating the functional properties of polymer-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials.
Hybrid optoelectronic digitally tunable receiver (1995)

A rapidly tunable receiver intended for wavelength-division multiple-access systems is constructed from an integrated optic grating demultiplexer, photodetector array and an amplifier/selector chip.
Porphyrin−Carbon Nanotube Composites Formed by Noncovalent Polymer Wrapping (2005)

Stable porphyrin/single-walled nanotube (SWNT) composites were synthesized by condensation of tetraformylporphyrins and diaminopyrenes on SWNTs. The degree of interaction between SWNTs and porphyrin was evaluated by UV−vis and fluorescence spectra, and chemical removal of porphyrin from SWNTs. In the composites, the Soret and Q-bands of porphyrin moieties were significantly broadened and their fluorescence was almost quenched. Apparent extinction coefficients at the Soret bands of the composites were decreased to ca. 20%.
Necdin restricts proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells during hematopoietic regeneration (2009)

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation is tightly regulated by a poorly understood complex of positive and negative cell-cycle regulatory mechanisms. Necdin (Ndn) is an evolutionally conserved multifunctional protein that has been implicated in cell-cycle regulation of neuronal cells. Here, we provide evidence that necdin plays an important role in restricting excessive HSC proliferation during hematopoietic regeneration. We identify Ndn as being preferentially expressed in the HSC population on the basis of gene expression profiling and demonstrate that mice deficient in Ndn show accelerated recovery of the hematopoietic system after myelosuppressive injury, whereas no overt abnormality is seen in steady-state hematopoiesis. In parallel, after myelosuppression, Ndn-deficient mice exhibit an enhanced number of proliferating HSCs. Based on these findings, we propose that necdin functions in a negative feedback loop that prevents excessive proliferation of HSCs during hematopoietic regeneration. These data suggest that the inhibition of necdin after clinical myelosuppressive treatment (eg, chemotherapy, HSC transplantation) may provide therapeutic benefits by accelerating hematologic recovery.
PACEMAKERS IN NITELLA (1935)

A series of negative variations passing along the cell may reach a region where only every other variation registers. This condition may be temporary. It would seem to depend on a local change in the refractory period.
Compensating electrostatic forces by single-scan Kelvin probe force microscopy (2007)

We describe a novel method of single-scan Kelvin probe force microscopy, operating simultaneously with amplitude-modulation distance control in ambient air. A separate Kelvin probe feedback control loop compensates for potential differences between tip and sample by minimizing electrostatic forces. As a result, electrostatically induced height errors in topography are automatically cancelled. To prevent crosstalk from topography or errors in distance control, the Kelvin probe feedback employs phase information resulting from a combination of mechanical and electrical excitation of the cantilever at its second flexural eigenmode. The feedback for amplitude-modulation distance control operates as usual close to the first eigenfrequency.
Pattern qualifications and examples of next-generation agile system-security strategies (2010)

Current system security strategies are failing and cannot be fixed by security engineers alone. The reason for failure is evident: the attack community operates as an intelligent, multi-agent, self organizing, system-of-systems - with swarm intelligence, tight learning loops, fast evolution, and dedicated intent. Next generation security must engage in true co-evolution, engaging in this arms race with systemic self-organization that leverages community and other forms of multiagent architectures at least equally agile to the adversary in six observed common characteristics: self organization, adaptable tactics, reactive resilience, evolvable strategies, proactive innovation, and harmonious operations. These concepts cannot be effectively employed by security engineers on sufficient scale without first being enabled by system engineers working at the architectural level. But even then, without appreciation and concurrence by decision makers, self-organizing strategies will fail to gain sufficient deployment. The principal impediment to developing and fielding these strategies is not lack of know-how, but rather lack of a common language and vision that can remove the decision-maker distrust of self organization and unite system engineers and security engineers in architecturally synergistic solutions. This article reports on a cross-discipline pattern project that is discovering and cataloging patterns of self-organizing system-of-systems security. Pattern cataloging projects generally collect best practice history within a single domain. This cross-domain project is necessarily looking into many domains to find recurrent patterns across ecological systems, biological systems, social systems, network systems, enterprise systems, multi-agent systems, ad-hoc networks, unmanned autonomous systems, and others. The intent is to find multiple examples supporting each pattern drawn from disciplines that are comfortable to systems engineers, security engineers, and decision makers-leading to a design and strategy language meaningful to all three. This project began and continues with graduate studies at Stevens Institute of Technology's School of Systems and Enterprises, was adopted as a project activity by the INCOSE System Security Engineering Working Group, and is indicating potential for broader viral spread. This article presents the nature of the project, the qualification filter for candidate patterns, the descriptive form for patterns, selected exemplar patterns, and lessons learned to date.
Futures Expiration, Contract Switching, and Price Discovery (2004)

“Futures markets have the interesting feature that contracts mature regularly. This affects both hedgers, who regularly need to roll over their futures positions into later contract months, and researchers, who want to understand the linkage between futures and the underlying cash markets. In this article, Chatrath and Christie-David take a very close look at five commodity futures markets and develop interesting results on how prices and volume behave as the nearest contract reaches maturity and trading rolls over into the next one.”
Identification of a Surface Protein of <i>Streptococcus suis</i> and Evaluation of Its Immunogenic and Protective Capacity in Pigs (2005)

A Streptococcus suis surface protein reacting with convalescent-phase sera from pigs clinically infected by S. suis type 2 was identified. The apparent 110-kDa protein, designated Sao, exhibits typical features of membrane-anchored surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria, such as a signal sequence and an LPVTG membrane anchor motif. In spite of high identity with the partially sequenced genomes of S. suis Canadian strain 89/1591 and European strain P1/7, Sao does not share significant homology with other known sequences. However, a conserved avirulence domain that is often found in plant pathogens has been detected. Electron microscopy using an Sao-specific antiserum has confirmed the surface location of the Sao protein on S. suis. The Sao-specific antibody reacts with cell lysates of 28 of 33 S. suis serotypes and 25 of 26 serotype 2 isolates in immunoblots, suggesting its high conservation in S. suis species. The immunization of piglets with recombinant Sao elicits a significant humoral antibody response. However, the antibody response is not reflected in protection of pigs that are intratracheally challenged with a virulent strain in our conventional vaccination model.
Micronutrient Requirements for Growth and Hydrocarbon Production in the Oil Producing Green Alga Botryococcus braunii (Chlorophyta) (2012)

The requirements of micronutrients for biomass and hydrocarbon production in Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572 were studied using response surface methodology. The concentrations of four micronutrients (iron, manganese, molybdenum, and nickel) were manipulated to achieve the best performance of B. braunii in laboratory conditions. The responses of algal biomass and hydrocarbon to the concentration variations of the four micronutrients were estimated by a second order quadratic regression model. Genetic algorithm calculations showed that the optimal level of micronutrients for algal biomass were 0.266 µM iron, 0.707 µM manganese, 0.624 µM molybdenum and 3.38 µM nickel. The maximum hydrocarbon content could be achieved when the culture media contained 10.43 µM iron, 6.53 µM manganese, 0.012 µM molybdenum and 1.73 µM nickel. The validation through an independent test in a photobioreactor suggests that the modified media with optimised concentrations of trace elements can increase algal biomass by 34.5% and hydrocarbon by 27.4%. This study indicates that micronutrients play significant roles in regulating algal growth and hydrocarbon production, and the response surface methodology can be used to optimise the composition of culture medium in algal culture.
Biochemical and Biophysical Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Adults with Hypopituitarism and Severe GH Deficiency (2001)

Adult hypopituitarism is known to be associated with reduced life expectancy related to excess vascular events, and endothelial dysfunction is present in patients with this condition. We studied the relationship between biophysical and biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction, including E-selectin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, von Willebrand factor, and thrombomodulin in 52 adult patients with hypopituitarism and severe GH deficiency (
ONSL and OSKM cocktails act synergistically in reprogramming human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (2014)

The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) is revolutionizing many research fields including cell-replacement therapy, drug screening, physiopathology of specific diseases and more basic research such as embryonic development or diseases modeling. Despite the large number of reports on reprogramming methods, techniques in use remain globally inefficient. We present here a new optimized approach to improve this efficiency. After having tested different monocistronic vectors with poor results, we adopted a polycistronic cassette encoding Thomson's cocktail OCT4, NANOG, SOX2 and LIN28 (ONSL) separated by 2A peptides. This cassette was tested in various vector backbones, based on lentivirus or retrovirus under a LTR or EF1 alpha promoter. This allowed us to show that ONSL-carrier retrovectors reprogrammed adult fibroblast cells with a much higher efficiency (up to 0.6%) than any other tested. We then compared the reprogramming efficiencies of two different polycistronic genes, ONSL and OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and cMYC (OSKM) placed in the same retrovector backbone. Interestingly, in this context ONSL gene reprograms more efficiently than OSKM but OSKM reprograms faster suggesting that the two cocktails may reprogram through distinct pathways. By equally mixing RV-LTR-ONSL and RV-LTR-OSKM, we indeed observed a remarkable synergy, yielding a reprogramming efficiency of >2%. We present here a drastic improvement of the reprogramming efficiency, which opens doors to the development of automated and high throughput strategies of hiPSC production. Furthermore, non-integrative reprogramming protocols (i.e. mRNA) may take advantage of this synergy to boost their efficiency.
Excited-State Behavior of a Fluorescent and Photochromic Diarylethene on Silver Nanoparticles (2007)

Silver (Ag) nanoparticles covered with a photochromic diarylethene derivative that has an anthracene unit were synthesized by Brust's method and their photochromic and fluorescent performance were studied by using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The diarylethene ligand showed a reversible photochromic reaction and the open-ring isomer emitted fluorescence (Φf = 0.009). On the surface of the Ag nanoparticles, the diarylethene showed normal reversible photochromic reactions; however, the conversion from the open- to the closed-ring isomer decreased from 81 to 16%. Besides, fluorescence from the anthracene unit was quenched to 7.6% of the unbound state. Quantum yield analysis showed that the cyclization reaction was efficiently quenched while the cycloreversion reaction was scarcely affected. The kinetic analysis on the excited states of the open- and the closed-ring isomers was carried out. The cycloreversion reaction was quenched by the Ag nanoparticles by the rate of 2.8 × 1010 s-1, while the quenching rate constant of the cyclization was 9.1 × 1011 s-1. These results indicate that the quenching of the excited-state is due to the excited energy transfer from the diarylethene to the Ag nanoparticles, and that the overlap between the fluorescence of diarylethene and the plasmon absorption of Ag nanoparticles regulates the quenching of the excited-state of organic molecules on the Ag nanoparticles.
David and Mephibosheth According to Josephus (1998)

Throughout 2 Samuel the reader repeatedly encounters the figure of that fortunate Saulide, Mephibosheth, who, thanks to David's favor, escapes the carnage that envelops so many of his f d y ; see 44
Neuropsicología del fenómeno de inversión espacial (2002)

Resumen El fenomeno de inversion espacial o espejo es la inversion espacial de acciones mentales y conductuales. Esta particularidad neuropsicologica se ha observado con frecuencia en los ninos zurdos y en la patologia cerebral. Sin embargo, puede ser tambien una manifestacion normal e individualizada de inmadurez funcional del cerebro. En el presente trabajo se describen los diferentes tipos de espejo y se exponen algunas ideas acerca de su naturaleza normal y patologica. Se discuten los posibles mecanismos cerebrales implicados en la produccion del espejo y se propone una hipotesis acerca de la participacion de los hemisferios cerebrales en la produccion de este fenomeno.
Kirkendall voids--A detriment to Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Sn superconductors (1979)

Multifilamentary composites with constant Nb/bronze ratio were heat treated for a range of reaction times. With increasing reaction time, the size of diffusion (Kirkendall) voids in the bronze matrix increases, as does the Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn layer thickness. Because of the resultant changes in mechanical and superconducting properties, the strain at onset of degradation of critical current density, J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , decreases with increasing reaction time. Thus there is a compromise between strain sensitivity and current capacity at zero strain as reaction time is increased. For strains on the order of 0.2 - 1.0 %, the increased strain sensitivity of J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> in specimens which were reacted for longer than ∼24 hrs offsets the gain in J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> resulting from increased Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn layer thickness. The diffusion voids are also related to thermal instabilities and crack initiation.