gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of Efficient Silicon-Compensated Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As Electroluminescent Diodes (1969)

The properties of p-n junctions fabricated by Si compensation in the AlxGa1−xAs alloy system have been investigated. The radiative emission is shown to occur via centers substantially removed from the band edges. At 300°K, E0-hvp varies from 0.12 eV at a bandgap energy of 1.49 eV to a maximum of 0.33 eV when E0=1.86 eV. A deep acceptor level due to a Si complex is believed to be involved. As a result internal reabsorption of the emitted light is small compared to Zn-doped junctions where the emission is closer to the absorption edge. External efficiencies of 1%–2% on uncoated, edge emission diodes are observed in the near-infrared portion of the spectrum (8600 Å), at current densities as low as 5 A/cm2. The highest efficiency obtained is 7% at 8800 Å with an encapsulated diode. The radiative efficiency at 300°K is shown to vary with the bandgap energy (i.e., separation between direct and indirect conduction band minima). For Eg=2 eV (when the indirect band is lower than the direct one by about 0.1 eV), the efficiency is reduced to 0.025% at a peak emission wavelength of 7000 Å. However, at 77°K, the efficiency varies by only a factor of ∼5 between Eg=1.49 eV and Eg=2 eV. The difference between 300° and 77°K is explained by free-electron-to-acceptor-recombination at 300°K, which changes to donor-to-acceptor recombination at 77°K. In comparison with other methods of diode preparation by vapor phase epitaxy or diffusion, (in AlxGa1−xAs or GaAs-P) the present devices offer the convenience of a one step growth process in simple apparatus. The low internal reabsorption further simplifies the diode fabrication process because high efficiency devices are obtained even with edge emission structures. Thus it is possible to have large surfaces available for Ohmic contact which results in minimal diode series resistance.
GARCÍA-ORELLÁN, Rosa Carmen. Buscando mis recuerdos, Editorial Everest, León, España, 2013, 304 páginas. (2017)

Rosa Gacía Orellán, Doctora en Antropología Social y Cultural, profesora en la Universidad Pública de Navarra, presenta en este libro una historia de vida que resulta amena desde la perspectiva de un lector, y de aristas interesantes para analizar desde la perspectiva de la investigación en historia oral. Se trata de la biografía de Carmen Facal Soto, nacida Trintxerpe, provincia de Gipuzkoa, en 1951. Su familia provenía de Galicia y formó parte del grupo de emigrantes de A Coruña a esa localidad del País Vasco, antes de la Guerra Civil. El padre de Carmen, republicano, trabajaba con un remolcador, ocupación que se convirtió, a medida que crecieron los hijos, en una empresa familiar. Luego de su fallecimiento, constituyeron una sociedad anónima que se expandió al compás del crecimiento de la pesca y la actividad marítima, hasta su venta en el año 2006. La narración nos sumerge en la vida de una familia de trabajo, con sus luchas, penurias y peripecias, y nos acerca a diferentes momentos históricos de desarrollo y retracción de la actividad pesquera.
C332. Surprise indexes and p-values (1989)

(1989). C332. Surprise indexes and p-values. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation: Vol. 32, No. 1-2, pp. 90-92.
Cranial surgery navigation aided by a compact intraoperative magnetic resonance imager (2001)

This device provides high-quality intraoperative imaging and accurate surgical navigation with minimal disruption in a standard neurosurgical operating room.
Neuromechanical interactions between the limbs during human locomotion: an evolutionary perspective with translation to rehabilitation (2016)

During bipedal locomotor activities, humans use elements of quadrupedal neuronal limb control. Evolutionary constraints can help inform the historical ancestry for preservation of these core control elements support transfer of the huge body of quadrupedal non-human animal literature to human rehabilitation. In particular, this has translational applications for neurological rehabilitation after neurotrauma where interlimb coordination is lost or compromised. The present state of the field supports including arm activity in addition to leg activity as a component of gait retraining after neurotrauma.
Lasers take up residence in the surgical suite (1992)

The fundamental laser/tissue interaction, in which laser light with a time-dependent intensity propagates into a biological tissue where it is absorbed and scattered is described. The uses of laser radiation for detection and treatment of cancer, tissue imaging, tissue ablation, angioplasty, and in ophthalmology are discussed. Ongoing research efforts in laser medicine are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adhesion of Pt Nanoparticles Supported on γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Single Crystal (2013)

A model catalyst system of Pt nanoparticles (2–5 nm) dispersed on γ-Al2O3 (111) was prepared to study the support effects on nanoparticles shape and structure by cross-sectional high-resolution electron microscopy. A dewetting equilibrium shape of Pt nanoparticles was observed with a low-index plane orientation relation: Pt(111)[211]∥γ-Al2O3(111)[211] and Pt(100)[011]∥γ-Al2O3(111)[211]. Lattice-matching epitaxy of Pt(110)∥γ-Al2O3(110) was found across their interface to maintain a minimum interface strain during particle growth. To quantitatively interpret the interfacial energy and adhesion energy of the nanoparticles, the Wulff–Kaischew theorem was applied by taking into account the γ-Al2O3 support modifications to the equilibrium shape of nanoparticles. The present approach quantitatively solved the adhesion energy of the particle/support and could help to interpret nanoparticles equilibrium shape and stability.
High performance circuits for the i486 processor (2003)

Three high-performance circuit blocks of the i486 processor are described: a large, on-chip cache; a 1* clock generator; and a high-speed, 32-b adder. In addition, a summary of the methodology used to design these circuits are given. The circuit used to regulate the clock duty cycle used a feedback technique to adjust timer delays, preventing clock overlap. The timer circuit uses current mirror transistors and capacitors to create a delay interval controlled by the reference voltages. The 1* clock circuit on the i486 processor eases board design requirements by eliminating the need for double frequency clocks with tight timing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sensitive Sandwich Enzyme Immunoassay for Serum Ferritin on Microtitre Plates (1981)

A solid-phase sandwich enzyme immunoassay for serum ferritin is described. The assay procedure was simple, showed good precision, and was suitable for the routine determination of serum ferritin concentration in a clinical laboratory. The assay compared well with a conventional radioimmunoassay for ferritin. The assay was extremely sensitive and had a detection limit of 2·2 pg.
Rectifier Networks for Multiposition Switching (1949)

A multiposition switch utilizing crystal rectifiers is used in electronic digital computers requiring switch times of less than 1 microsecond and in other applications requiring extreme compactness. Several varieties of this switch are analyzed, and generalized equivalent circuits are derived. Applications and practical limitations are discussed for both low-speed and high-speed operation.
<i>Science Translational Medicine</i> Podcast: 30 September 2015 (2015)

Blythe Sather, Guillermo Romano Ibarra, Andy Scharenberg, and David Rawlings describe their new efficient method for repairing or replacing human genes using homologous recombination.
Performance Characteristics of a LaB6 Bismuth Cathode for use with Hall Thrusters (2006)

*† ‡ Interest in the development of bismuth Hall thrusters has brought about a need to examine cathodes that are capable of running on bismuth at relatively high discharge currents. Recently it has been shown that it is possible for a LaB6 hollow cathode to function using bismuth as a propellant. For this paper, an investigation into the operating characteristics of a bismuth cathode running at constant mass flow was performed. Also reported is a comparison of the cathode using bismuth propellant with both krypton and xenon propellant at the same mass flow and molar flow rates.
Striping over wireless links: effects on transmission delays (2002)

Striping is a method for increasing network performance by splitting the traffic over multiple physical links. We propose a striping configuration adapted for wireless and mobile communications which tends to cope with limited bandwidth, high error rates and intermittent connectivity. We show how the order in which the packets are sent can heavily affect the transmission delays if lost packets are detected and sent back quickly or not. We present a new striping algorithm which leads to short delays between two consecutive packets. We analyzed and compared the effects of possible packet striping methods on the transmission delay.
SAFFRON EXTRACTS AS ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR ALUMINIUM DISSOLUTION IN 2M HCl SOLUTION (2012)

The inhibitive effect of aqueous extract of Saffron leaves toward the corrosion of aluminium in 2 M HCl solution was investigated. The inhibition efficiency was measured using weight loss and electrochemical polarization techniques. It was found that the addition of the extract reduces the corrosion rate of aluminium. The results indicate that the extracts functioned as a good inhibitor and inhibition efficiency increased with extracts concentration. Polarization curves indicated that the plant extracts behave as cathodic-type inhibitors. Surface analysis using SEM was carried out to establish the corrosion inhibitive property of this plant extract in 2 M HCl solution. The inhibitive effect of the tested extract was discussed in view of adsorption of its components on the aluminium surface. The adsorption of the extract components on the aluminium surface follows Temkin adsorption isotherm.
A study of the mechanism of the partial oxidation of methane over rare earth oxide catalysts using isotope transient techniques (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA study of the mechanism of the partial oxidation of methane over rare earth oxide catalysts using isotope transient techniquesAlfred Ekstrom and Jacek A. LapszewiczCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 13, 5230–5237Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100350a039https://doi.org/10.1021/j100350a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Capillary Suction Measurements in Granular Materials and Direct Numerical Simulations Using X-Ray Computed Tomography Microstructure (2019)

Because of the recent advancements in hardware and reconstruction algorithms, multiphase flow modeling in porous media is experiencing a shift toward using advanced imaging techniques such as X-ray computed tomography in conjunction with direct numerical simulations. This approach captures heterogeneities in soil samples utilized in laboratory testing and results in quick and less tedious predictions compared to the existing methods. In this paper, an experimental setup is developed specifically to validate numerical predictions of the soil water retention curve (SWRC) for two types of sands with identical size but distinct grain morphology of round (Ottawa sand) and angular particle shape (Q-Rok). The complex 3D pore network is captured noninvasively using high-resolution attenuation-based X-ray computed tomography. The numerical predictions are carried out by solving a Young-Laplace equation using the pore morphology method. The experimental results and numerical predictions match well, including the effect of hysteresis in SWRC measurements. The spatial distribution of pore water and pore air corresponding to different capillary suctions is obtained from numerical predictions, providing greater insights into the hydromechanical behavior of partially saturated soils. The sensitivity of the voxel size on simulations is quantified by predicting the pore size distribution of Ottawa sand at three different tomography resolutions.
Efferent connections of the prelimbic (area 32) and the infralimbic (area 25) cortices: An anterograde tracing study in the cat (1985)

The projections from the caudal part of the medial frontal cortex, encompassing the prelimbic area (PL) and the infralimbic area (IL) (Brodmann's areas 32 and 25, respectively), were studied in the cat with the anterograde autoradiographic tracing technique. The results indicate that the projection fields of IL, in contrast to those of PL, are restricted almost exclusively to limbic structures. Whereas the major thalamic projections from PL reach the mediodorsal, anteromedial, and ventromedial nuclei, the medial part of the lateral posterior nucleus, and the parataenial and reticular nuclei, and weak projections from this area are directed to the nucleus reuniens and other midline nuclei, the nucleus reuniens is the major thalamic termination field of fibers arising from IL. Cortical areas that are reached by fibers originating in PL and, to a lesser degree, also in IL, include more rostral prefrontal areas (areas 8, 6, and 12), the agranular insular, and the rostral perirhinal cortices. In contrast, cortical areas that are more strongly related to IL include the cingulate, retrosplenial, caudal entorhinal, and perirhinal cortices and the subiculum of the hippocampal formation. Another prominent output of PL concerns projections to an extensive medial part of the caudate nucleus and the ventral striatum, whereas fibers from IL only distribute most ventrally in the striatum. In the amygdaloid complex, fibers from PL were found to reach the basolateral, basomedial, and central nuclei, and fibers from IL to distribute to the medial and central nuclei. PL furthermore projects to the claustrum and the endopiriform nucleus. Other structures in the basal forebrain, including the medial septum, the nuclei of the diagonal band, the preoptic area, and the lateral and dorsal hypothalamus are densely innervated by IL and only sparsely by PL. With respect to more caudal parts of the brainstem, projections from PL and IL appeared to be essentially similar. They reach the ventral tegmental area, the periaqueductal gray, the parabrachial nucleus, and in cases of PL injections were followed as far caudally as the pons.
Characterization of Dissipation Due to Quasiparticles and Dielectric Loss in a Josephson Metamaterial (2013)

Josephson junctions can be arranged in a metamaterial conflguration, forming an artiflcial one-dimensional medium for microwave propagation, which enables fast tuning of the speed of light by an external magnetic fleld. This metamaterial has been used for parametric ampliflcation and as a demonstrator of the dynamical Casimir efiect. An important property of metamaterial-based devices is damping, which is fundamentally limited by mechanisms related to the Josephson junctions themselves. In this paper we derive theoretical models for two such mechanisms, the quasiparticle tunneling and the dielectric loss within the material of the tunnel barrier. We discuss whether the junction-based efiects are likely to be the limiting factors in the experimentally observed quality factors of metamaterial-based resonators.
Continuous occupancy maps using overlapping local Gaussian processes (2013)

This paper presents an efficient method of building continuous occupancy maps using Gaussian processes for large-scale environments. Although Gaussian processes have been successfully applied to map building, the applications are limited to small-scale environments due to the high computational complexity. To improve the scalability, we adopt a divide and conquer strategy where data are partitioned into manageable size of clusters and local Gaussian processes are applied to each cluster. Particularly, we propose overlapping clusters to mitigate the discontinuity problem that predictions of local estimators do not match along the boundaries. The results are consistent and continuous occupancy voxel maps in a fully Bayesian framework. We evaluate our method with simulated data and compare map accuracy and computational time with previous work. We also demonstrate our method with real data acquired from a laser range finder.
Frozen Blood (1965)

The preservation of blood by freezing is an urgent national problem. The current three-week limit for storage of blood at + 4 C does not permit statistical equilibration of supply and demand and causes alternating periods of surplus and shortage in blood banks throughout the country. In no event can blood be stockpiled conveniently for civilian emergencies, or mass casualty situations. Polge, Smith, and Parkes<sup>1</sup>found a solution to many of the problems faced by living cells at low temperatures when they discovered the remarkable ability of glycerol to protect fowl spermatozoa against death during slow freezing and thawing. Smith<sup>2</sup>later reported that glycerol afforded similar protection to human erythrocytes. Many techniques have since been developed to freeze blood in the presence of glycerol and satisfactory preservation of erythrocytes has resulted. Haynes et al at the US Naval Hospital, Chelsea, Mass, have demonstrated a number of clinical advantages of
Establishment of a stable transfection method in Babesia microti and identification of a novel bidirectional promoter of Babesia microti (2020)

Babesia microti, an emerging human pathogen, is primarily transmitted through a bite of an infected tick and blood transfusions in human. Stable transfection technique has been reported in many protozoan parasites over the past few years. However, in vivo transient and stable transfection method has not been established for Babesia microti. Here, for the first time, we present a method of transient as well as stable transfection of the Babesia microti (B. microti) in the in vivo conditions. We have identified a novel promoter of B. microti. We also demonstrated that Plasmodium berghei DHFR promoter is recognized and functional in B. microti. We show that BM-CTQ41297 promoter control the expression of two genes, which are present on either side and thus represents a bi-functional promoter in B. microti. The predicted promoter activity values using Promoter 2.0 program is higher for BM- CTQ41297 promoter than strong promoters such as β-actin, ef-1β, and many other promoters. Furthermore, we discovered a non-essential locus for the genetic manipulation of the parasite, allowing us to stably integrate foreign genes; GFP, mCherry, into the B. microti. The transfection using an electroporation method and genetic manipulation of B. microti is now achievable and it is possible to obtain transfected viable parasites under in vivo growing conditions. The growth curve analysis of transfected and WT B. microti are similar indicating no defects in the transgenic parasites. This study will enable other researchers in understanding the B. microti biology, host modulation and diverse parasite developmental stages using reverse genetics and holds great potential to identify novel drug targets and vaccine development.
Instance-aware Semantic Segmentation via Multi-task Network Cascades (2015)

Semantic segmentation research has recently witnessed rapid progress, but many leading methods are unable to identify object instances. In this paper, we present Multi-task Network Cascades for instance-aware semantic segmentation. Our model consists of three networks, respectively differentiating instances, estimating masks, and categorizing objects. These networks form a cascaded structure, and are designed to share their convolutional features. We develop an algorithm for the nontrivial end-to-end training of this causal, cascaded structure. Our solution is a clean, single-step training framework and can be generalized to cascades that have more stages. We demonstrate state-of-the-art instance-aware semantic segmentation accuracy on PASCAL VOC. Meanwhile, our method takes only 360ms testing an image using VGG-16, which is two orders of magnitude faster than previous systems for this challenging problem. As a by product, our method also achieves compelling object detection results which surpass the competitive Fast/Faster R-CNN systems. The method described in this paper is the foundation of our submissions to the MS COCO 2015 segmentation competition, where we won the 1st place.
Effect of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus on Cytochrome P450 Activities in Human Liver Microsomes (2007)

The effects of cyclosporine and tacrolimus on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2-mediated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, CYP2C9-mediated tolbutamide hydroxylation, CYP2C19-mediated S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation, CYP2D6-mediated debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation, CYP2E1-mediated chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation, CYP3A4-mediated nifedipine oxidation, and CYP3A4-mediated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation activities in human liver microsomes were compared. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus, at concentrations of 0.2 or 2 muM, neither inhibited nor stimulated any of the metabolic activities except for those of CYP3A4. On the other hand, cyclosporine and tacrolimus competitively inhibited CYP3A4-mediated nifedipine oxidation activity, with inhibition constants (K(i)) of 1.42 and 0.36 muM, respectively. In addition, 20 muM cyclosporine inhibited CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 activities by 29% and 30%, respectively. These results suggest that tacrolimus would not cause clinically significant interactions with other drugs, which are metabolized by CYPs, via the inhibition of hepatic metabolism and that the reason why cyclosporine, but not tacrolimus, has a pharmacokinetic inhibitory effect might be that the dosage and/or the unbound concentrations around its metabolic enzymes are higher than those of tacrolimus, rather than the differences in the inhibition potential. Obvious substrate-dependent effects on CYP3A4-inhibition potential were not observed.