gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C3b and factor H: key components of the complement system (2006)

In all three complement pathways, the central molecule is C3, which, upon activation cleavage, forms the major opsonin C3b - the key component of complement. C3b is also essential for propagation of the complement cascade to the stage of the lytic terminal complement complexes. In order to prevent damage to self cells and tissues and restrict overconsumption of the complement components, C3b molecules need to be controlled by factor H. Defect in C3 functions leads to compromised microbial defence and increased susceptibility to certain autoimmune diseases. Deficiency of factor H, or a functional defect in its N terminus, often leads to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and complement depletion, owing to continuous overconsumption of C3. Defect in the factor H C terminus leads to a dramatically increased risk of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. In addition, recently, a polymorphism in the middle part of factor H (Y402H) has been shown to be the major risk factor for the most common cause of blindness in the industrialized world: age-related macular degeneration. In future, analysis of patient samples for defects in these key complement components may prove useful in diagnosis of these diseases and new therapeutic targets will certainly be the aim for use in the recently recognized factor H-related diseases.
SDN-Based Framework for Infrastructure as a Service Clouds (2016)

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) has attracted significant attention from cloud research communities. While compute and storage resource management has been developed and studied to a greater extent, the use of network resource management in the context of IaaS is still in its early stages. There is a need for a comprehensive virtualization framework capable of providing users with low-level network and compute resource control while improving underlying resource utilization. We propose a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) IaaS framework that explicitly integrates network virtualization, including computing and storage, into a cloud platform. Our proposed framework abstracts data-center compute and network resources into a virtualized pool of resources, links them to logically compose virtual networks, and performs automated configurations to serve IaaS requests from users. We designed and constructed an SDN test-bed to verify the operation of the proposed framework. We successfully demonstrated our system's ability to meet our design objectives: (i) providing high degree of control over connectivity and Quality of Service (QoS), (ii) fully automated service delivery, (iii) fast and low overhead resource provisioning. We evaluated the feasibility and scalability of the proposed framework using statistics gathered from its deployment.
Optimized sensing scheme of DRAMs (1989)

The half-V/sub cc/ sensing scheme of CMOS dynamic RAMs (DRAMs) has been analyzed. It has been found that fluctuations of the cell-plate bias must be taken into account since they can degrade the sense signal. An improvement is possible by connecting the bit lines to the cell plate and its half-V/sub cc/ generator during precharge. Optimum performance of the sense amplifier is achieved if the PMOS and NMOS latches are activated simultaneously. The advantages are: (1) the sensitivity is improved due to the elimination of the offset contribution caused by unmatched capacitive loads; (2) the sensing speed is enhanced due to faster sense signal amplification; and (3) the peak current is reduced since the NMOS latch does not lower the voltage level of both bit line and reference bit line.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical Interface Platform for DRAM Integration (2011)

We present a new bulk-Si optical platform for the optical interfaces toward DRAM integration with localized SOI structure and SPE. The demonstration shows that the waveguide and coupling loss are −0.61dB/mm and −2.6dB, respectively.
Atrial natriuretic factor and sodium nitroprusside increase cyclic GMP in cultured rat lung fibroblasts by activating different forms of guanylate cyclase (1987)

We used cultured rat lung fibroblasts to evaluate the role of particulate and soluble guanylate cyclase in the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-induced stimulation of cyclic GMP. ANF receptors were identified by binding of 125I-ANF to confluent cells at 37 degrees C. Specific ANF binding was rapid and saturable with increasing concentrations of ANF. The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) was 0.66 +/- 0.077 nM and the Bmax. was 216 +/- 33 fmol bound/10(6) cells, which corresponds to 130,000 +/- 20,000 sites/cell. The molecular characteristics of ANF binding sites were examined by affinity cross-linking of 125I-ANF to intact cells with disuccinimidyl suberate. ANF specifically labelled two sites with molecular sizes of 66 and 130 kDa, which we have identified in other cultured cells. ANF and sodium nitroprusside produced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in intracellular cyclic GMP. An increase in cyclic GMP by ANF was detected at 1 nM, and at 100 nM an approx. 100-fold increase in cyclic GMP was observed. Nitroprusside stimulated cyclic GMP at 10 nM and at 1 mM a 500-600-fold increase in cyclic GMP occurred. The simultaneous addition of 100 nM-ANF and 10 microM-nitroprusside to cells resulted in cyclic GMP levels that were additive. ANF increased the activity of particulate guanylate cyclase by about 10-fold, but had no effect on soluble guanylate cyclase. In contrast, nitroprusside did not alter the activity of particulate guanylate cyclase, but increased the activity of soluble guanylate cyclase by 17-fold. These results demonstrate that rat lung fibroblasts contain ANF receptors and suggest that the ANF-induced stimulation of cyclic GMP is mediated entirely by particulate guanylate cyclase.
Transcription factors and neural stem cell self-renewal, growth and differentiation (2009)

The central nervous system (CNS) is a large network of interconnecting and intercommunicating cells that form functional circuits. Disease and injury of the CNS are prominent features of the healthcare landscape. There is an urgent unmet need to generate therapeutic solutions for CNS disease/injury. To increase our understanding of the CNS we need to generate cellular models that are experimentally tractable. Neural stem cells (NSCs), cells that generate the CNS during embryonic development, have been identified and propagated in vitro. To develop NSCs as a cellular model for the CNS we need to understand more about their genetics and cell biology. In particular, we need to define the mechanisms of self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation--i.e. NSC behavior. The analysis of pluripotency of embryonic stem cells through mapping regulatory networks of transcription factors has proven to be a powerful approach to understanding embryonic development. Here, we discuss the role of transcription factors in NSC behavior.
The changes of rectus abdominis muscle thickness according to the angle during active straight leg raise (2013)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of abdominal muscles thickness according to the angle during the active straight leg raise (ASLR) in young healthy subjects. Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: Twenty-three healthy university students (13 men and 10 women) voluntary participated to the study in S University. The ASLR was performed with the subject lying supine with lower extremities straight on a standard plinth, hands resting on the chest, and elbows on the plinth. When one subject performed ASLR from each angles (, , , ), compared changes in the thickness of rectus abdominis muscle. Changes in muscle thickness during ASLR test were assessed with ultrasonography. All subjects were to provide enough time of rest after performed ASLR. Rectus abdominis thickness were measured using rehabilitative ultrasound image. Results: Good quality rectus abdominal muscle activation data were recorded during ASLR. The length changes of linea alba showed significantly shorter in between and (p and , and , and , and . According to increase of pelvic angle, the thickness of rectus abdominis muscle were more thickening (p
Noncompetitive Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-<i>co</i>-itaconic acid] Hydrogel (2009)

Noncompetitive removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions by the copolymer of 2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid with itaconic acid and its homopolymer poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid] was investigated. Both poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid] and poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-itaconic acid] removed the maximum and same amounts (1.74 mmol Pb2+/g polymer) of Pb2+ ion among the ions investigated in this work. The equilibrium swelling values of poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid] and poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-itaconic acid] showed that the swelling of the copolymer is dominated by its completely ionizable constituent 2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid. Although the incorporation of itaconic acid into poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid] did not affect the removal rates of poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-itaconic acid] for Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions, it considerably enhanced the removal rates of the copolymer for the Cu2+ ion. The trends in the single-ion sorption of ions on poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid] and poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-itaconic acid] followed the orders Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ and Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+, respectively. Noncompetitive adsorption profiles of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions on both polymers were demonstrated to fit the pseudo-second-order-type kinetics.
Bridging the gaps between mask inspection/review systems and actual wafer printability using computational metrology and inspection (CMI) technologies (2012)

Computational techniques have become increasingly important to improve resolution of optical lithography. Advanced computational lithography technologies, such as inverse lithography (ILT) and source mask optimization (SMO), are needed to print the most challenging layers, such as contact and metal, at the 20nm node and beyond. In order to deploy SMO and ILT into production, improvements and upgrades of mask manufacturing technology are required. These include writing, inspection, defect review, and repair. For example, mask plane inspection detects defect at highest resolution, but does not correlate accurately with scanner images. Aerial plane mask inspection and AIMSTM produce images close to those of a scanner, but except fot the latest AIMS-32TM, it does not have the flexibility needed to capture all the characteristics of free-form illumination. Advanced Computational Inspection and Metrology provides solutions to many of these issues.
Biotherapeutic effects of probiotic bacteria on candidiasis in immunodeficient mice (1997)

Four species of probiotic bacteria were assessed for their capacities to protect athymic bg/bg-nu/nu and euthymic bg/bg-nu/+ mice from mucosal and systemic candidiasis. Each bacterial species and Candida albicans colonized the gastrointestinal tracts of both strains of mice. The presence of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei GG, or Bifidobacterium animalis) in the gastrointestinal tracts prolonged the survival of adult and neonatal bg/bg-nu/nu mice compared to that of isogenic mice colonized with C. albicans alone. The incidence of systemic candidiasis in bg/bg-nu/nu mice was significantly reduced by each of the four probiotic bacterial species. The numbers of C. albicans present in the alimentary tracts of euthymic bg/bg-nu/+ mice were significantly reduced by L. casei GG and B. animalis. None of the probiotic bacteria species completely prevented mucosal candidiasis, but B. animalis reduced its incidence and severity. Probiotic bacteria also modulated antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses to C. albicans. The prolonged survival of mice, decreased severity of mucosal and systemic candidiasis, modulation of immune responses, decreased number of C. albicans in the alimentary tract, and reduced numbers of orogastric infections demonstrated not only that probiotic bacteria have biotherapeutic potential for prophylaxis against and therapy of this fungal disease but also that probiotic bacteria protect mice from candidiasis by a variety of immunologic (thymic and extrathymic) and nonimmunologic mechanisms in this model.
Molecular analysis of lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1989)

A HindIII gene bank of Neisseria gonorrhoeae MUG116 was constructed in the cosmid vector pHC79. A cosmid (pSY81) was isolated that was able to convert N. gonorrhoeae FA5100 to reactivity with monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2-1-L8. Several MAb-reactive transformants were isolated and characterized with respect to lipooligosaccharide (LOS) production as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, their ability to react with two other LOS-specific MAbs (3F11 and O6B4), and Southern blot analysis. Escherichia coli containing the clone had altered lipopolysaccharide expression as determined by electrophoretic analysis; however, no reactivity was seen with gonococcus-specific MAbs. The introduction of pSY81 into FA5100 had a pleiomorphic effect, giving rise to transformants having the full parental phenotype or transformants lacking reactivity to a combination of LOS-specific MAbs. Southern blot analysis indicated that the LOS biosynthetic mutation in FA5100 was not due to chromosomal rearrangement or large deletions.
Direct Imaging and Determination of the Uncompensated Spin Density in Exchange-Biased<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>Multilayers (2003)

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements were performed on an exchange-biased CoO/(CoPt) multilayer sample at 7.5 K. Applying an external magnetic field of up to 7 T saturates the ferromagnetic layer and the remaining uncompensated antiferromagnetic spins at the antiferromagnet-ferromagnet interfaces are imaged with high lateral resolution. The coupling between the uncompensated spins and the spins in the ferromagnet are found to be antiferromagnetic. Quantitative analysis of the MFM images revealed that 7% of the spins at the interface are uncompensated and contribute to the exchange biasing.
Dissolution kinetics of <i>D</i> defects in Czochralski silicon (1994)

The dissolution kinetics of D defects in p- and n-type Czochralski silicon during high temperature annealing were investigated. The results indicate that D-defect dissolution is independent from both the density of the D defects in as-received wafers and the type of doping impurities. For annealing up to 1.08×104 s, no D-defect dissolution was observed in samples annealed at 1000 °C. Based upon the present analysis, it is concluded that D-defect dissolution occurs when the vacancy concentration retained in as-grown silicon is below the thermal equilibrium concentration of vacancies at the annealing temperature. The results suggest that the driving force for D-defect dissolution is vacancy undersaturation in the silicon matrix and not the silicon interstitial saturation.
A practical solution for scripting language compilers (2009)

Although scripting languages are becoming increasingly popular, even mature scripting language implementations remain interpreted. Several compilers and reimplementations have been attempted, generally focusing on performance.
Fault-tolerant real-time communication in distributed computing systems (2003)

An increasing number of applications require packets to be delivered reliably within prespecified delay bounds. It is shown how this can be achieved by using real-time channels that make soft reservation of network resources to ensure the timely delivery of real-time packets. Algorithms are presented for the establishment of real-time channels, and it is shown how the basic real-time channels can be enhanced to be fault tolerant using the multiple paths between a pair of communicating nodes. The contribution of the former is a tighter schedulability condition that makes more efficient use of network resources than other existing approaches, and the contribution of the latter is a significant improvement in fault tolerance over the basic real-time channel, which is inherently susceptible to component failures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterizing implant behavior during flash RTP by means of backside diagnostics (2003)

A promising new technique for achieving ultra-fast rapid thermal annealing of shallow implants is Flash-assist RTP/spl trade/ (fRTP/spl trade/). The Vortek fRTP tool produces a unique time-temperature profile on the wafer surface by first rapidly heating the bulk of the wafer to an intermediate temperature and then exposing the implanted surface of the wafer to an intense flash of radiation. The sudden increase and decrease of the wafer surface temperature results in a more gradual variation in the wafer backside temperature, which can be easily monitored with a radiometer. This paper describes the thermal physics involved in this annealing technique and shows how the backside measurement can be used to estimate the front-side temperature. The annealing behaviour of various boron and BF/sub 2/ implant conditions is presented. These data are presented graphically, in a manner that clarifies the advantages of fRTP over conventional spike annealing.
Measurement of the quantum efficiency of long wavelength EDFAs with and without an idler signal (2002)

We present results on the quantum efficiency of long wavelength erbium doped fibre amplifiers including the inpact of an idler signal and of 1480 nm counter-pumping. We report on a silica based long wavelength amplifier (LWEDFA) which uses a relatively short erbium fibre. The amplification characteristics are studied in terms of the quantum conversion efficiency (QCE) of a 980 nm co-pumped and 1480 nm counter-pumped device. The effect of an idler signal on efficiency has also been explored.
Political Developments in the Post-Deng Era and their Impact on China's Relations with Taiwan and Hong Kong (1996)

Abstract Indicators suggest that the post-Deng era and the associated leadership succession process have already begun. While the probability of chaos and the splitting up of the country after Deng is not high, control in the ideological arena will likely be tightened. After his electoral victory Lee Teng-hui will initiate measures to improve relations with Beijing and to reduce tension across the Taiwan Strait, leading to direct mail, trade and transport. But Lee will not give up his pragmatic diplomacy which will further provoke Beijing. The Chinese leadership's major difficulty is that it has upped the ante a number of times, and has no results to show to facilitate its climb down the ladder of escalation. With the approach of 1997, the Chinese authorities' influence on Hong Kong has become increasingly significant. The community reluctantly accepts the lack of consultation. About 1.2 million people, however, have the opportunity to emigrate and they adopt a wait-and-see attitude. Meanwhile, economic integration between the territory and southern China has made much progress.
Repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks by non-homologous end-joining (2009)

DNA DSBs (double-strand breaks) are considered the most cytotoxic type of DNA lesion. They can be introduced by external sources such as IR (ionizing radiation), by chemotherapeutic drugs such as topoisomerase poisons and by normal biological processes such as V(D)J recombination. If left unrepaired, DSBs can cause cell death. If misrepaired, DSBs may lead to chromosomal translocations and genomic instability. One of the major pathways for the repair of IR-induced DSBs in mammalian cells is NHEJ (non-homologous end-joining). The main proteins required for NHEJ in mammalian cells are the Ku heterodimer (Ku70/80 heterodimer), DNA-PKcs [the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase)], Artemis, XRCC4 (X-ray-complementing Chinese hamster gene 4), DNA ligase IV and XLF (XRCC4-like factor; also called Cernunnos). Additional proteins, including DNA polymerases mu and lambda, PNK (polynucleotide kinase) and WRN (Werner's Syndrome helicase), may also play a role. In the present review, we will discuss our current understanding of the mechanism of NHEJ in mammalian cells and discuss the roles of DNA-PKcs and DNA-PK-mediated phosphorylation in NHEJ.
Accuracy of staggered 3‐D finite‐difference grids for anisotropic wave propagation (1992)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1992Accuracy of staggered 3‐D finite‐difference grids for anisotropic wave propagationAuthors: Heiner IgelBruno RiolletPeter MoraHeiner IgelInstitut de Physique du Globe, France, Bruno RiolletInstitut de Physique du Globe, France, and Peter MoraInstitut de Physique du Globe, Francehttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821960 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821960FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited bySeismic wavefield simulation in 2D elastic and viscoelastic tilted transversely isotropic media: comparisons between four different kinds of finite-difference grid schemes2 July 2013 | Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 4P‐ and S‐wave‐separated elastic wave‐equation numerical modeling using 2D staggered gridZhang Jianlei, Tian Zhenping, and Wang Chengxiang14 September 2007 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1992ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1992 Pages: 1410 publication data© 1992 Copyright © 1992 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Heiner Igel, Bruno Riollet, and Peter Mora, (1992), "Accuracy of staggered 3‐D finite‐difference grids for anisotropic wave propagation," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1244-1246. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821960 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Gas Turbine Technology Evolution - A Designer's Perspective (2003)

Many of the design and manufacturing process innovations responsible for the remarkable evolution of the gasturbine engine, which has been credited with making the world much smaller, as well as with being a great benefit to humankind are presented. Many of the technologies presented show, from a design engineer’s perspective, the levels of insight and foresight put forth by government agencies, the engineering community, and their leadership. The information presented offers a detailed understanding of technical issues that are not well known even within the industry. Universities can use this paper to bring the art of design into the classroom for applications of thermodynamics, materials, and structural design.