gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Availability of tumor-antigen 4 as a marker of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and other organs (1988)

The serum level of tumor-antigen 4 (TA-4) was measured in 401 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of various organs (76 lung, 82 esophagus, and 234 head and neck). The mean serum level of TA-4 in patients with lung SCC was 3.6 times higher than that in healthy controls and even higher in the advanced stages of disease (III, IV). In patients with benign diseases or other types of lung cancer, however, the TA-4 serum level was not different from the controls regardless of the clinical stage. During radiation therapy, the TA-4 levels in patients with lung SCC decreased with reduction in tumor size. It increased again markedly during recurrence. Similarly, patients with SCC of the esophagus and head and neck also showed elevated TA-4 levels but only at advanced stages and in recurrence. It was concluded that TA-4 is highly related to SCC not only of the uterine cervix but also of other organs and that serum level determinations are useful for monitoring therapeutic effects and recurrence of these diseases, despite some limitations.
FarSight (2018)

Maintaining an adequate separation from the vehicle in front is key to safe driving. While LIDAR and RADAR sensors could be used for ranging, cost considerations and the huge installed base of vehicles that lack these sensors, especially in developing regions, call for a low-cost yet robust alternative. To this end, we present FarSight, a system that performs vehicle ranging using a smartphone mounted on the windshield or the dashboard. FarSight uses the smartphone's camera to identify and draw a bounding box around vehicles in front, based on which ranging is performed. Unlike prior smartphone-based work, FarSight does not depend on any infrastructure support such as standard-width lane markers and works with a heterogeneous mix of vehicles, both of which are characteristics of developing regions. We develop a novel hybrid approach for vehicle detection and tracking, which balances accuracy and speed by combining deep neural network based vehicle detection with vision-based object tracking in a pipelined manner. We also devise data augmentation techniques to improve the effectiveness of vehicle detection, thereby increasing the ranging distance. We show that FarSight can range accurately in both daytime and nighttime conditions and up to distances of 90 m. We have implemented FarSight as an Android-app and tested it across various phones. Further, we present two ranging-based applications built on FarSight.
NCCloud: applying network coding for the storage repair in a cloud-of-clouds (2012)

To provide fault tolerance for cloud storage, recent studies propose to stripe data across multiple cloud vendors. However, if a cloud suffers from a permanent failure and loses all its data, then we need to repair the lost data from other surviving clouds to preserve data redundancy. We present a proxy-based system for multiple-cloud storage called NCCloud, which aims to achieve cost-effective repair for a permanent single-cloud failure. NCCloud is built on top of network-coding-based storage schemes called regenerating codes. Specifically, we propose an implementable design for the functional minimum-storage regenerating code (F-MSR), which maintains the same data redundancy level and same storage requirement as in traditional erasure codes (e.g., RAID-6), but uses less repair traffic. We implement a proof-of-concept prototype of NCCloud and deploy it atop local and commercial clouds. We validate the cost effectiveness of FMSR in storage repair over RAID-6, and show that both schemes have comparable response time performance in normal cloud storage operations.
A lumping and reaction scheme for catalytic cracking (1976)

Abstract A predictive kinetic model has been developed for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The kinetic scheme involves lumped species consisting of paraffins, naphthenes, aromatic rings, and aromatic substituent groups in light and heavy fuel oil fractions. The kinetic model also incorporates the effect of nitrogen poisoning, aromatic ring adsorption, and time dependent catalyst decay. The rate constants for these lumped species are invariant with respect to charge stock composition. The predictive capabilities of the model have been verified for wide ranges of charge stocks and process conditions.
The Genome Sequence of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> , Etiologic Agent of Chagas Disease (2005)

Whole-genome sequencing of the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi revealed that the diploid genome contains a predicted 22,570 proteins encoded by genes, of which 12,570 represent allelic pairs. Over 50% of the genome consists of repeated sequences, such as retrotransposons and genes for large families of surface molecules, which include trans-sialidases, mucins, gp63s, and a large novel family (>1300 copies) of mucin-associated surface protein (MASP) genes. Analyses of the T. cruzi, T. brucei, and Leishmania major (Tritryp) genomes imply differences from other eukaryotes in DNA repair and initiation of replication and reflect their unusual mitochondrial DNA. Although the Tritryp lack several classes of signaling molecules, their kinomes contain a large and diverse set of protein kinases and phosphatases; their size and diversity imply previously unknown interactions and regulatory processes, which may be targets for intervention.
Substituted Quinolines<sup>1,2</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted Quinolines1,2C. E. Kaslow and R. D. StaynerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 10, 3350–3351Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01190a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01190a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 7 (<i>GRM7</i>) gene variations and susceptibility to autism: A case–control study (2016)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a synaptopathy is revealed to be pertained to aberrant glutamatergic neurotransmission. Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 7 (GRM7), a receptor coding gene of this pathway, is a new candidate gene for autism. The aim of this study was to examine if there is a relationship between genetic variants rs779867 and rs6782011 of GRM7 with ASD. The present research was designed as a population-based, case-control study including 518 ASD patients versus 472 control individuals. The results showed that the frequency of rs779867 G/G genotype was significantly higher in ASD patients compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0001). Also, the G allele of this SNP was found to be significantly more frequent in the patients than control group (P = 0.0001). Haplotype analysis exhibited significant association of two estimated block of rs6782011/rs779867 in ASD patients versus control group. We found higher significant frequency of GT haplotype and lower frequencies of AT and AC haplotypes in the patients group compared to healthy controls (P = 0.001, P = 0.006, and P = 0.05, respectively). Our study indicated that the rs779867 polymorphism is associated with ASD; thus, results of this study provide supportive evidence of association of the GRM7 gene with ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1161-1168. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PLZT electrooptic materials and applications—a review (1987)

This review of the PLZT materials and their applications describes the present state of the technology and emphasizes the latest developments in the field of electrooptic ceramics. Despite the reported development of new, transparent materials in other compositional systems, the PLZT's still remain the standard of the industry and continue to find an ever increasing number of applications in the areas of shutters, filters, displays, and spatial light modulators. Their fast response, high resolution and wide operating temperature range make them viable candidates for several emerging technologies including high resolution, non-impact, facsimile printing, electrophotographic copying, color reproduction and integrated optical processing. With the presently successful development of sputtered PLZT thin films, both bulk and thin film PLZT materials can now be considered for future electrooptic devices.
A frequency-modulated continuous wave birefringent fibre-optic strain sensor based on a Sagnac ring configuration (1999)

Two-mode fibre interferometers have been shown to be well suited as optical fibre strain sensors because (i) they have a higher resolution than do intensity modulation-based strain sensors and (ii) they have a simple geometry since the reference and signal light beams propagate along a single fibre core. This paper discusses a Sagnac ring configuration of polarization-maintaining fibre strain sensor based on frequency-modulation continuous wave technology wherein the basic sensor layout consists of a frequency-modulated single-mode laser, a 100 metre ring of single-mode birefringent fibre and a PIN photodiode detector. By launching light into both ends of the fibre, propagating and counter-propagating beams may be employed to sense the variations in length due to strain. The sensor exhibits good characteristics including temperature insensitivity over a limited temperature range (≃ ± 10 °C), high resolution (≃4 microstrain), large dynamic measurement range (≃5000 microstrain), large signal intensity and good signal contrast.
Bone density is normal in male rats treated with finasteride. (1995)

Bone is an androgen-dependent tissue. It is not known whether normal bony growth and mineralization in males is dependent on testosterone alone, or whether its metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), also is required. To answer this question, we examined the effect of finasteride, an inhibitor of DHT synthesis, on bone in rats. Three-month-old male rats were treated with placebo, finasteride, or orchidectomy. The bone mineral densities (BMD) of the spine and whole body were measured in vivo by dual x-ray absorptiometry at weeks 0 and 11, and the BMD of the femur and tibia were measured ex vivo at week 11. Histomorphometric analysis was performed on the proximal tibia at week 11. The increase in spine and whole body BMD in finasteride-treated rats did not differ from that in controls, whereas these values were significantly lower in orchidectomized rats. Similarly, the BMD of the femur and tibia and the cancellous bone volume of the proximal tibia in finasteride-treated rats did not differ from those in controls, whereas these values were significantly lower in orchidectomized rats. In summary, bone development and density were normal in rats treated with finasteride. We conclude that selective DHT deficiency is not deleterious to the male rat skeleton.
The Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate/Formic Acid: Engineering and Economic Feasibility (2011)

The engineering and economic feasibility of large-scale electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate salts and formic acid is the focus of this Full Paper. In our study we investigated the long-term performance of tin and other proprietary catalysts in the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate/formic acid at a gas/solid/liquid interface, using a flow-through reactor. The overall economics and energy consumption of the process are evaluated through a value chain analysis. The sensitivity of the net present value of the process to various process parameters is examined.
Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Silica Materials (1995)

The synthesis and chemical reactivity of hybrid silica gels containing reactive organic fragments have been explored. The reactions which occured in the solid state provide evidence for a partial organization of the organic moities within the silica network. Interactions between the organic molecules incorporated in the silica network allow facile polyaddition or polycondensation of the organic units. As shown upon metal complexation the location of the organic fragments at the surface or in the core of the amorphous solid is highly dependent on the organic structures.
Design of data fusion system for multiradar target detection (2002)

A robust Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) distributed detection system that operates in heavy clutter with unknown distribution is presented. The system is designed to provide CFARness under clutter power fluctuations and robustness under unknown clutter and noise distributions. The system is also designed to operate successfully under different-power sensors and exhibit fault-tolerance in the presence of sensor power fluctuations. The test statistic at each sensor is a robust CFAR t-statistic. In addition to the primary binary decisions, confidence levels are generated with each decision and used in the fusion logic to robustify the fusion performance and eliminate weaknesses of the Boolean fusion logic. The test statistic and the fusion logic are analyzed theoretically for Weibull and log-normal clutter. The theoretical performance is compared against Monte-Carlo simulations that verify that the system exhibits the desired characteristics of CFARness, robustness, insensitivity to power fluctuations and fault-tolerance. The system is tested with experimental target-in-clear and target-in-clutter data and its experimental performance agrees with the theoretically predicted behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Time-domain Integration Method for Transient Analysis of Nonuniform Transmission Lines (2007)

This paper presents a precise time-step integration method for transient analysis of lossy nonuniform transmission lines. The spatial discretization in this method is the same to the finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm. However, in order to eliminate the Courant condition constraint, the precise integration method is utilized in the time-domain calculation. It gives quasi-exact solutions in time domain for the spatial discretized Telegrapher’s equations. Since the exponential matrix is calculated precisely, large time step can be adopted in the integration process to achieve accurate results efficiently. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the accuracy and stability of the proposed method. DOI: 10.2529/PIERS060904030908
An Implantable Transducer for Measuring Tension in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft (1998)

The goal of this study was to develop a new implantable transducer for measuring anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft tension postoperatively in patients who have undergone ACL reconstructive surgery. A unique approach was taken of integrating the transducer into a femoral fixation device. To devise a practical in vivo calibration protocol for the fixation device transducer (FDT), several hypotheses were investigated: (1) The use of a cable versus the actual graft as the means for applying load to the FDT during calibration has no significant effect on the accuracy of the FDT tension measurements; (2) the number of flexion angles at which the device is calibrated has no significant effect on the accuracy of the FDT measurements; (3) the friction between the graft and femoral tunnel has no significant effect on measurement accuracy. To provide data for testing these hypotheses, the FDT was first calibrated with both a cable and a graft over the full range of flexion. Then graft tension was measured simultaneously with both the FDT on the femoral side and load cells, which were connected to the graft on the tibial side, as five cadaver knees were loaded externally. Measurements were made with both standard and overdrilled tunnels. The error in the FDT tension measurements was the difference between the graft tension measured by the FDT and the load cells. Results of the statistical analyses showed that neither the means of applying the calibration load, the number of flexion angles used for calibration, nor the tunnel size had a significant effect on the accuracy of the FDT. Thus a cable may be used instead of the graft to transmit loads to the FDT during calibration, thus simplifying the procedure. Accurate calibration requires data from just three flexion angles of 0, 45, and 90 deg and a curve fit to obtain a calibration curve over a continuous range of flexion within the limits of this angle group. Since friction did not adversely affect the measurement accuracy of the FDT, the femoral tunnel can be drilled to match the diameter of the graft and does not need to be overdrilled. Following these procedures, the error in measuring graft tension with the FDT averages less than 10 percent relative to a full-scale load of 257 N.
Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols and the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles Catalyzed by a Cuprocupric Coordination Polymer (Cu<sup>+</sup>-CP) Assisted by TEMPO (2015)

A Cu(+)-CP based on the tetranuclear unit {[(HSQPA)2Cu4(bipy)4]·2H2O}n·2nH2O has been constructed through Cu(2+) salt, 2-(sulfonylquinlium-8-yloxy)phthalic acid (H3SQPA), and 4,4'-bipyridine (bipy). This Cu(+)-CP combined with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl as the cocatalyst is an effective catalyst for aerobic oxidation of alcohols and the synthesis of benzoxazoles and can be recycled at least four times without losing its catalytic activity.
<i>Eimeria necatrix</i>: the development and characteristics of an egg-adapted (attenuated) line (1980)

Sporozoites of Eimeria necatrix inoculated into the allantoic cavities of embryonating eggs completed their life-cycle in the chorio-allantoic membranes and produced fully viable oocysts. Subsequently, as a result of repeated passage in this host, an egg-adapted line was developed and was found to be markedly less pathogenic for chickens than the nonpassaged parent strain. Antigens capable of inducing protective immunity against challenge with low doses of the parent strain were retained, however, indicating a possible use for this egg-adapted (attenuated) line of E. necatrix in the immunization of commercially reared chickens.
Organically Modified Silicas on Metal Nanowires (2010)

Organically modified silica coatings were prepared on metal nanowires using a variety of silicon alkoxides with different functional groups (i.e., carboxyl groups, polyethylene oxide, cyano, dihydroimidazole, and hexyl linkers). Organically modified silicas were deposited onto the surface of 6-μm-long, ∼300-nm-wide, cylindrical metal nanowires in suspension by the hydrolysis and polycondensation of silicon alkoxides. Syntheses were performed at several ratios of tetraethoxysilane to an organically modified silicon alkoxide to incorporate desired functional groups into thin organosilica shells on the nanowires. These coatings were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. All of the organically modified silicas prepared here were sufficiently porous to allow the removal of the metal nanowire cores by acid etching to form organically modified silica nanotubes. Additional functionality provided to the modified silicas as compared to unmodified silica prepared using only tetraethoxysilane precursors was demonstrated by chromate adsorption on imidazole-containing silicas and resistance to protein adsorption on polyethyleneoxide-containing silicas. Organically modified silica coatings on nanowires and other nano- and microparticles have potential application in fields such as biosensing or nanoscale therapeutics due to the enhanced properties of the silica coatings, for example, the prevention of biofouling.
Self-Assembly of CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni)/n-Bu4NBr and its Catalytic Performance for CO2 Fixation with Epoxides (2020)

Metal–organic frameworks (CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni)) with carbon dots as the core were synthesised successfully by a one-pot method. The synthesised CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni) contain a large number of amine functional groups and a large surface area for capturing CO2. The FT-IR spectra showed that there exists a large number of carboxylate and amine groups on the surface of the carbon dots, and analysis by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis confirmed that the CDs had successfully entered the CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni). The cycloaddition reaction of propylene oxide (PO) and CO2 was carried out using CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni)/tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) and NH2-MOF(Ni)/TBAB as catalytic systems, respectively. The reaction results showed that the two catalytic systems have good catalytic performance for the cycloaddition reaction of PO and CO2. Compared with that of the NH2-MOF(Ni)/TBAB system, both the conversion of PO and the yield of propylene carbonate (PC) are improved in the CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni)/TBAB system. Finally, the optimum catalytic reaction conditions, such as time, temperature, CO2 pressure, and five cycles of catalytic effect, were also discussed. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the catalytic system CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni)/TBAB in the cycloaddition reaction of PO and CO2 was proposed in this work.
Behavior modeling of uncertain dynamic systems with nonlinearity (2002)

This paper presents a new approach to a behavior modeling of a system with nonlinearity and uncertainty. Based on behavior modeling, a procedure for behavior identification and classification is developed. Consequently, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) can be designed according to definite types of behaviors. The key advantage of this approach is that an analytical model of the dynamics is not a necessity. In order to do this, we first choose a set of second order systems as the original "pattern behavior"; then we use optimized FLCs to control the original behavior; after that, we apply these FLCs to control nonlinear systems. In process operation, the behavior of a system with uncertain dynamics are identified and classified, and their corresponding optimal fuzzy logic controllers are determined by mapping the behavior into the original "pattern behavior". To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we use it to control the PUMA 562 robot system.