gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular sieves: an alternative method of carbon dioxide removal which does not generate compound A during simulated low‐flow sevoflurane anaesthesia (1995)

Molecular sieves are used in industry to 'scrub' industrial gases. We examined, during simulated low-flow closed system anaesthesia, (1) the carbon dioxide adsorbing potential of molecular sieves and (2) the reactivity of the sieves compared to soda lime using sevoflurane as an indicator. A low-flow anaesthetic system containing 13X molecular sieves was connected to a model lung. End-tidal concentrations of CO2 were measured continuously at an O2 flow of 800 ml.min-1 and a CO2 flow of 200 ml.min-1. In the second study, sevoflurane (FE'sevo 1.7%) was added to the system after which samples were taken from the inspiratory limb of the anaesthetic system. This experiment was performed both during carbon dioxide removal with soda lime and with the molecular sieves. The samples were stored in gas-tight syringes and analysed by gas chromatography. The temperature of both absorbents was measured throughout the study. The molecular sieves adsorbed carbon dioxide (20%) efficiently for a period of 5 h. There was a gradual increase from the baseline of 4.4% to 4.5, 5.4, and 6.0% at 90, 180, and 300 min, respectively. When sevoflurane was added to the system, compound A was detected at the start of both experiments. However, when soda lime was used the concentrations of compound A increased 10-fold after 2.5 h compared with baseline values. No increase in compound A was observed when molecular sieves were used for carbon dioxide removal. The highest mean (SD) temperature of the molecular sieves was 41.5 (3.2) degrees C. Molecular sieves are effective adsorbents of carbon dioxide when used in a simulated low-flow, closed anaesthetic system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biomimetic machine vision system. (2005)

Real-time application of digital imaging for use in machine vision systems has proven to be prohibitive when used within control systems that employ low-power single processors without compromising the scope of vision or resolution of captured images. Development of a real-time machine analog vision system is the focus of research taking place at the University of Wyoming. This new vision system is based upon the biological vision system of the common house fly. Development of a single sensor is accomplished, representing a single facet of the fly's eye. This new sensor is then incorporated into an array of sensors capable of detecting objects and tracking motion in 2-D space. This system "preprocesses" incoming image data resulting in minimal data processing to determine the location of a target object. Due to the nature of the sensors in the array, hyperacuity is achieved thereby eliminating resolutions issues found in digital vision systems. In this paper, we will discuss the biological traits of the fly eye and the specific traits that led to the development of this machine vision system. We will also discuss the process of developing an analog based sensor that mimics the characteristics of interest in the biological vision system. This paper will conclude with a discussion of how an array of these sensors can be applied toward solving real-world machine vision issues.
An Instruction Set Extension to Support Software-Based Masking (2021)

In both hardware and software, masking can represent an effective means of hardening an implementation against side-channel attack vectors such as Differential Power Analysis (DPA). Focusing on software, however, the use of masking can present various challenges: specifically, it often 1) requires significant effort to translate any theoretical security properties into practice, and, even then, 2) imposes a significant overhead in terms of efficiency. To address both challenges, this paper explores the use of an Instruction Set Extension (ISE) to support masking in software-based implementations of a range of (symmetric) cryptographic kernels including AES: we design, implement, and evaluate such an ISE, using RISC-V as the base ISA. Our ISE-supported first-order masked implementation of AES, for example, is an order of magnitude more efficient than a software-only alternative with respect to both execution latency and memory footprint; this renders it comparable to an unmasked implementation using the same metrics, but also first-order secure.
Epitope-Specific Antibody Levels Demonstrate Recognition of New Epitopes and Changes in Titer but Not Affinity during Treatment of Tuberculosis (2004)

Antibody levels rise during treatment of tuberculosis. This study examined when this rise occurred, whether there was recognition of new antigen binding sites (epitopes) on the same or different antigens, and how long specific antibody persisted. Forty patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis provided serum before and during treatment. Antibody levels were measured using a monoclonal antibody competition assay to epitopes restricted to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for lipoarabinomannan. Significant increases in antibody levels were apparent after 7 days of treatment. Five samples (12.5%) had positive titers to all epitopes at the start of treatment, and this increased to 23 (58%) during treatment. Antibody to epitopes with the poorest sensitivity (the TB23 epitope of the 19-kDa antigen and the TB78 epitope of hsp65) showed the greatest increases after treatment. Antibody to these two epitopes was also absent in some patients with relapsed tuberculosis until after treatment. Antibody titers showed a biphasic response, with a fall at 2 to 3 months of treatment. Sera from two patients showed changes in the affinity of epitope-specific antibody during treatment, whereas the majority did not. Those infected with isoniazid-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis showed a late rise in antibody. Antibody to the TB68 epitope of the 16-kDa alpha-crystallin homolog was short-lived, but it recurred with bacteriological relapse during treatment. Positive antibody titers persisted for at least 3 to 18 months after treatment. Diagnostic tests for tuberculosis should be evaluated using only pretreatment sera. Delayed antigenic recognition could be due to active suppression and/or failure to engage internal antigens of M. tuberculosis.
Design of automatic shifting controller for electric vehicle with five speed transmission (2013)

On the basis of the motor controller dedicated for electric vehicle, the vehicle realizes automatic transmission, through development of the automatic shift controller. The function of gear-selection and gear-shifting is implemented through air cylinder and shifting fork driven by electromagnetic valve. The MCU detects the vehicle speed, the motor rotating speed, the gear position, the accelerator position and the motor current, adjusts the motor rotating speed and controls the electromagnetic valves. The algorithm of speed tracking adjusts the motor speed accurately and rapidly, and provides guarantee for the dynamic shift. According to vehicle and motor running status, the two-parameter shift schedule combined with the current parameter, improves the motor efficiency and makes the shifting process more smoothly.
Evaluation of Acute Traumatic Hemarthrosis of the Knee Joint (1990)

Acute hemarthrosis of the knee usually results from a significant injury. Preoperative assessment, examination under anesthesia, and arthroscopic examination were conducted on patients with a total of 132 acutely injured knees associated with hemarthrosis and minimal clinical laxity to determine the presence and extent of injury to ligamentous and/or intra-articular structures. Partial or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament was found in 101 (77%) of the knees. Peripheral meniscal tears were responsible for the hemarthrosis in 17 cases (13%), and osteochondral fractures were found in 11 cases (8%). Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament was frequently associated with concomitant injury to other structures: meniscal tears (61%), ligament/capsular injury (40%), and hyaline chondral damage (16%). Patients' responses to preoperative anterior drawer, pivot shift, and Lachman tests were within normal limits in 18%, 29%, and 73% of cases, respectively. Patients under anesthesia responded to the anterior drawer and pivot shift tests normally 50% and 74% of the time. The Lachman test, performed under anesthesia, was 98% accurate in predicting anterior cruciate injury. Experience gained in evaluating posttraumatic hemarthrosis of the knee suggests clinical examination alone may not demonstrate the severity of many of these injuries. Arthroscopy, although not necessary to determine competence of the anterior cruciate ligament, is invaluable in determining the existence of other injuries with or without an associated anterior cruciate ligament tear.
A process for treatment and recovery of spent potliner (SPL) (1996)

Spent potliner (SPL) is classified as a hazardous waste as it contains cyanides and high levels of fluorides. This paper describes a novel process for the conversion of SPL at near ambient temperatures for the recovery of useful products and a benign residue. The initial treatment of crushed SPL removes over 90% of the cyanide and a large percentage of the fluoride. By appropriate selection of the chemical species and wash conditions aluminum fluoride and other fluorides are effectively recovered in subsequent stages. After this treatment by a series of chemical washes the residue produced is a carbonaceous material containing only carbon and brick fragments, i.e. refractory aluminum compounds.
Surface Hardening of Steels: Understanding the Basics (2003)

Surface Hardening of Steels: Understanding the Basics is a practical selection guide to help engineers and technicians choose the most efficient surface hardening techniques that offer consistent and repeatable results. Emphasis is placed on characteristics such as processing temperature, case/coating thickness, bond strength, and hardness level obtained. The advantages and limitations of the various thermochemical, thermal, and coating/surface modification technologies are compared. Economic concerns and health and safety considerations are also addressed. Recent developments in the understanding of the relationships between microstructure and fatigue and wear performance are reviewed, as are more recently introduced surface hardening processes such as vacuum-related technologies, laser processing, CVD/PVD, and ion implantation. Methods for evaluating hardness patterns and depths of hardness for quality control and failure analysis are described. The book also reviews methods for measuring and controlling case depth, residual stresses, and distortion. Metallurgical comparisons are made between those processes that offer rapid heating and rapid cooling (self quenching) characteristics for example, induction hardening and conventional furnace hardening. While all of the surface engineering methods discussed enhance wear resistance, some such as electroless nickel plating, carbide salt-bath deposition, and chrome platingualso offer resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Wear and corrosion data are provided to demonstrate the benefits of each process. Contents: Process Selection Guide Gas Carburizing Vacuum and Plasma Carburizing Pack and Liquid Carburizing Carbonitriding Nitriding Nitrocarburizing Boriding (Boronizing) Thermal Diffusion (TD) Process Surface Hardening by Applied Energy Surface Hardening by Coating or Surface Modification Appendices: The Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram, Hardness Conversion Tables, Austenitizing Temperatures for Steels Index.
Zinc and Cadmium Uptake by Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens and Metal Tolerant Silene vulgaris Grown on Sludge-Amended Soils (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZinc and Cadmium Uptake by Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens and Metal Tolerant Silene vulgaris Grown on Sludge-Amended SoilsSally L. Brown, Rufus L. Chaney, J. Scott. Angle, and Alan J. M. BakerCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 6, 1581–1585Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00006a022https://doi.org/10.1021/es00006a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views784Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Word Sense Disambiguation using Semantic Relations in Korean WordNet (2011)

The goal of word sense disambiguation(WSD) is to determine which sense of an ambiguous word is invoked in a particular use of the word. It plays an important role in many natural language processing applications such as machine translation and information retrieval. This paper proposes a method for automatic word sense disambiguation based on Korean WordNet. The basic assumption of this suggested method is that contextual words provide strong and consistent clues to the sense of an ambiguous word. Relevance between the ambiguous words and its contextual words is used to disambiguate the sense of the target word. In this paper, relevance between the ambiguous words and its contextual words is calculated by chi-square statistics. In tum, the chi-square between the ambiguous words and its contextual words is obtained from the related words of the target word in Korean WordNet and their co-occurrence extracted from a large unannotated corpus. A word sense having maximum chi-square with contextual words is selected as right sense in the given sentence. Ten ambiguous nouns have been disambiguated by the proposed method. The result of experiment shows that the model obtains 86.2% average accuracy.
DNA-PKcs is required to maintain stability of Chk1 and Claspin for optimal replication stress response (2014)

The ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) axis is the major signaling pathway activated in response to replication stress and is essential for the intra-S checkpoint. ATR phosphorylates and activates a number of molecules to coordinate cell cycle progression. Chk1 is the major effector downstream from ATR and plays a critical role in intra-S checkpoint on replication stress. Activation of Chk1 kinase also requires its association with Claspin, an adaptor protein essential for Chk1 protein stability, recruitment and ATR-dependent Chk1 phosphorylation. We have previously reported that, on replication stress, the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is rapidly phosphorylated by ATR at the stalled replication forks and is required for cellular resistance to replication stresses although the impact of DNA-PKcs onto the ATR signaling pathway remains elusive. Here we report that ATR-dependent Chk1 phosphorylation and Chk1 signaling are compromised in the absence of DNA-PKcs. Our investigation reveals that DNA-PKcs is required to maintain Chk1-Claspin complex stability and transcriptional regulation of Claspin expression. The impaired Chk1 activity results in a defective intra-S checkpoint response in DNA-PKcs-deficient cells. Taken together, these results suggest that DNA-PKcs, in addition to its direct role in DNA damage repair, facilitates ATR-Chk1 signaling pathway in response to replication stress.
Abstract 603: Cardioprotection by p300 During Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion and Infarction in vivo (2006)

Introduction: The acetyltransferase p300 is a critical regulator of cardiac growth and MEF-2- and GATA-4-dependent gene expression. We have previously shown that p300 is inducible by adrenergic stimulation and pressure overload in both in vitro and in vivo models. The p300 promoter contains 2 consensus HIF-1 binding sites. Hypothesis: p300 induction is an early survival signal during myocardial stress. Methods: A previously described mouse line expressing a cardiac-restricted p300 transgene (p300TG) with ~2.5x of control p300 levels was subjected to permanent left coronary occlusion (MI) or 40 min occlusion/24h reperfusion (I/R). Control mice from each genotype received thoracotomy without coronary ligation (sham). Cardiac function was assessed at 1h, 3d, 8d, and 6 wk by 30 MHz ultrasonography, and myocardial infarction size was assessed by histologic and biologic (TTC staining) assays at 6 wk. Infarct size was determined by TTC staining of coronal sections from apex to base and evaluated by planimetry. Results: In wt mice, p300 protein levels increased markedly by Western analysis in ischemic myocardium compared with remote non-ischemic tissue (2.0 fold at 3 d, 2.5 fold at 8d; n=34, p<0.001 for both) and with sham-operated hearts (n=9, p <0.001). Infarct size was reduced by 32% in p300TG mice compared to WT littermates (26.5%Ã‘Â =0.9 vs 38.6 Ã‘Â ±1.3 infarcted myocardium, p<0.001, N=28). TUNEL analysis revealed extensive apoptosis in WT myocardium that was markedly reduced in p300TG hearts (N= 4). Similarly, p300TG mice experienced less cardiac functional loss from MI than wt littermates (fractional shortening=63.9 Ã‘Â ±2.6 vs. 44.3 Ã‘Â ±1.4 %, p <.001, n= 10). In I/R mice, injury area was 29.2% less in p300TG vs. WT littermates (23.6 Ã‘Â ±1.7 vs. 33.8 Ã‘Â ±1.1% of total LV, p<0.001, n=10). STAT3, HIF-1 and ERK1/2 protein levels were all induced by both ischemic and I/R injury, and this induction was significantly greater in p300TG myocardium (STAT-3, HIF-1, ERK1/2{1.5, 1.4, 2.1fold,p<0.001 respectively). Conclusions: p300 is induced by ischemic stress, and exerts protection against ischemic injury in vivo. This effect is likely through induction of specific pro-hypertrophic, pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic signals.
The locus ceruleus norepinephrine system (2009)

IL-9–producing Th cells, termed Th9 cells, contribute to immunity against parasites and cancers but have detrimental roles in allergic disease and colitis. Th9 cells differentiate in response to IL-4 and TGF-β, but these signals are insufficient to drive Th9 differentiation in the absence of IL-2. IL-2–induced STAT5 activation is required for chromatin accessibility within <i>Il9</i> enhancer and promoter regions and directly transactivates the <i>Il9</i> locus. STAT5 also suppresses gene expression during Th9 cell development, but these roles are less well defined. In this study, we demonstrate that human allergy-associated Th9 cells exhibited a signature of STAT5-mediated gene repression that is associated with the silencing of a Th17-like transcriptional signature. In murine Th9 cell differentiation, blockade of IL-2/STAT5 signaling induced the expression of IL-17 and the Th17-associated transcription factor Rorγt. However, IL-2–deprived Th9 cells did not exhibit a significant Th17- or STAT3-associated transcriptional signature. Consistent with these observations, differentiation of IL-17–producing cells under these conditions was STAT3-independent but did require Rorγt and BATF. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Rorγt and BATF partially rescued IL-17 production in STAT3-deficient Th17 cells, highlighting the importance of these factors in this process. Although STAT3 was not required for the differentiation of IL-17–producing cells under IL-2–deprived Th9 conditions, their prolonged survival was STAT3-dependent, potentially explaining why STAT3-independent IL-17 production is not commonly observed in vivo. Together, our data suggest that IL-2/STAT5 signaling plays an important role in controlling the balance of a Th9 versus a Th17-like differentiation program in vitro and in allergic disease.
Design for hierarchical testability of RTL circuits obtained by behavioral synthesis (2002)

Most behavioral synthesis and design for testability techniques target subsequent gate-level sequential test generation, which is frequently incapable of handling complex controller/data path circuits with large data path bit-widths. Hierarchical testing attempts to counter the complexity of test generation by exploiting information from multiple levels of the design hierarchy. We present techniques that add minimal test hardware to the given register-transfer level (RTL) design obtained through behavioral synthesis in order to ensure that all the embedded modules in the circuit are hierarchically testable. An important by-product of our DFT procedure is a system-level test set that is guaranteed to deliver pre-computed module test sets to each module in the RTL circuit. This eliminates the need to apply gate-level sequential test generation to the controller/data path. We performed extensive experiments with several complex data path/controller circuits synthesized by two different high level synthesis systems which do not target testability.
Heme: a novel inducer of MCP-1 through HO-dependent and HO-independent mechanisms (2003)

This study examined the effect of hemin on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in immortalized rat proximal tubular epithelial cells (IRPTCs). Hemin elicited a dose- and time-dependent induction of HO-1 and MCP-1 mRNA. HO activity contributed to MCP-1 mRNA expression at early time points (4-6 h) because inhibition of HO activity by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) prevented hemin-induced expression of MCP-1 mRNA. Catalytically active intracellular iron was markedly increased in hemin-treated IRPTCs and contributed to the induction of HO-1 and MCP-1 mRNA because an iron chelator blocked hemin-induced upregulation of both genes, whereas a cell-permeant form of iron directly induced these genes. N-acetylcysteine completely blocked hemin-induced expression of HO-1 and MCP-1 mRNA, thereby providing added evidence for redox regulation of expression of these genes. The redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB was recruited in hemin-induced upregulation of MCP-1 because two different compounds that abrogate the activation of NF-kappaB (TPCK and BAY 11-7082) completely blocked hemin-induced upregulation of MCP-1 mRNA. In contrast to this HO-mediated induction of MCP-1 through redox-sensitive, iron-dependent, and NF-kappaB-involved pathways observed after 4-6 h, hemin also elicited a delayed induction of MCP-1 at 18 h through HO-independent pathways. We conclude that hemin is a potent inducer of MCP-1 in IRPTCs: HO-dependent, heme-degrading pathways lead to an early, robust, and self-remitting induction of MCP-1, whereas HO-independent mechanisms lead to a delayed expression of MCP-1.