gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary Cortisol Resistance: A Family Study (1983)

Primary cortisol resistance is an autosomal disease characterized by increased plasma cortisol concentration and high urinary free cortisol, resistance to adrenal suppression by dexamethasone, and the absence of clinical stigmata of Cushing's syndrome. The proband with the severe form had hypertension and hypokalemic alkalosis. In subjects with a less severe resistance to cortisol, there are no clinical abnormalities and the condition is revealed only by detailed examination of several parameters of cortisol secretion.
Globin-chain specificity of oxidation-induced changes in red blood cell membrane properties (1992)

We have previously shown that excess unpaired alpha- and beta-globin chains in severe alpha- and beta-thalassemia interacting with the membrane skeleton induce different changes in membrane properties of red blood cells (RBCs) in these two phenotypes. We suggest that these differences in membrane material behavior may reflect the specificity of the membrane damage induced by alpha- and beta-globin chains. To further explore this hypothesis, we sought in vitro models that induce similar membrane alterations in normal RBCs. We found that treatment of normal RBCs with phenylhydrazine produced rigid and mechanically unstable membranes in conjunction with selective association of oxidized alpha-globin chains with the membrane skeleton, features characteristic of RBCs in severe beta-thalassemia. Methylhydrazine, in contrast, induced selective association of oxidized beta-globin chains with the membrane skeleton and produced rigid but hyperstable membranes, features that mimicked those of RBCs in severe alpha- thalassemia. These findings suggest that consequences of oxidation induced by globin chains are quite specific in that those agents that cause alpha-globin chain accumulation at the membrane produce rigid but mechanically unstable membranes, whereas membrane accumulation of beta- globin chains results in rigid but mechanically stable membranes. These in vitro experiments lend further support to the hypothesis that membrane-associated alpha- and beta-chains induce oxidative damage to highly specific different skeletal components and that the specificity of this skeletal damage accounts for the differences in material membrane properties of these oxidatively attacked RBCs and perhaps of alpha- and beta-thalassemic RBCs as well.
Role of Estrogen Receptor Beta in Estrogen Action (2001)

There was a time when the classification of sex hormones was simple. Androgens were male and estrogens female. What remains true today is that in young adults androgen levels are higher in males and estrogen levels higher in females. More recently we have learned that estrogens are necessary in males for regulation of male sexual behavior, maintenance of the skeleton and the cardiovascular system, and for normal function of the testis and prostate. The importance of androgen in females was never in doubt, it is after all the precursor of estrogen as the substrate for aromatase, the enzyme that produces estrogen. In addition, the tissue distribution of androgen receptors suggests that androgens themselves are important in the ovary, uterus, breast, and brain. New information promises to clarify some of the complex issues of the physiological roles of estrogen and the contribution of estrogen to the development of neoplastic diseases in humans. The discovery of the second estrogen receptor, the creation of mutant mice defective in both estrogen receptors and in the aromatase gene, the solution of the structures of the ligand-binding domains of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta), the finding of novel routes through which estrogen receptors can modulate transcription, and the identification of a man with a bi-allelic disruptive mutation of the ERalpha gene are but some of the milestones. This review focuses on the mechanistic aspects of signal transduction mediated by ERs and on the physiological consequences of deficiency of estrogen or estrogen receptor in the available mouse models.
Sequential isolation of proteoglycan synthesis mutants by using herpes simplex virus as a selective agent: evidence for a proteoglycan-independent virus entry pathway (1995)

A novel mouse L-cell mutant cell line defective in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans was isolated by selection for cells resistant to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. These cells, termed sog9, were derived from mutant parental gro2C cells, which are themselves defective in heparan sulfate biosynthesis and 90% resistant to HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infection compared with control L cells (S. Gruenheid, L. Gatzke, H. Meadows, and F. Tufaro, J. Virol. 67:93-100, 1993). In this report, we show that sog9 cells exhibit a 3-order-of-magnitude reduction in susceptibility to HSV-1 compared with control L cells. In steady-state labeling experiments, sog9 cells accumulated almost no [35S]sulfate-labeled or [6-3H]glucosamine-labeled glycosaminoglycans, suggesting that the initiation of glycosaminoglycan assembly was specifically reduced in these cells. Despite these defects, sog9 cells were fully susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and permissive for both VSV and HSV replication, assembly, and egress. HSV plaques formed in the sog9 monolayers in proportion to the amount of input virus, suggesting the block to infection was in the virus entry pathway. More importantly, HSV-1 infection of sog9 cells was not significantly reduced by soluble heparan sulfate, indicating that infection was glycosaminoglycan independent. Infection was inhibited by soluble gD-1, however, which suggests that glycoprotein gD plays a role in the infection of this cell line. The block to sog9 cell infection by HSV-1 could be eliminated by adding soluble dextran sulfate to the inoculum, which may act by stabilizing the virus at the sog9 cell surface. Thus, sog9 cells provide direct genetic evidence for a proteoglycan-independent entry pathway for HSV-1, and results with these cells suggest that HSV-1 is a useful reagent for the direct selection of novel animal cell mutants defective in the synthesis of cell surface proteoglycans.
Screening for Lung Cancer (2000)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer among men and women in the United States. More people die each year of lung cancer than of colon, breast, and prostate cancer combined. Despite new diagnostic techniques, the overall five-year survival rates remain about 14 percent, and most patients still present with advanced disease.1 There has long been interest in screening to detect lung cancers when they are smaller and presumably at earlier and more curable stages, as witnessed by the support for previous screening trials using chest radiography and cytologic examination of sputum. Unfortunately, these studies failed to . . .
Methods of increasing the sensitivity of methylene blue sensitized dichromated gelatin (1979)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Toshihiro Kubota and Teruji Ose, "Methods of increasing the sensitivity of methylene blue sensitized dichromated gelatin," Appl. Opt. 18, 2538_1-2539 (1979) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Rho Kinase–Induced Nuclear Translocation of ERK1/ERK2 in Smooth Muscle Cell Mitogenesis Caused by Serotonin (2004)

There is now considerable evidence supporting a mitogenic action of serotonin (5-HT) on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) that might participate in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our previous studies have demonstrated that 5-HT-induced proliferation depends on the generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/ERK2. Activation of Rho kinase (ROCK) in SMC also may be important in PH. We undertook the present study to assess the role of Rho A/ROCK and its possible relation to ERK1/ERK2 in 5-HT-induced pulmonary artery SMC proliferation. We found that this stimulation of SMC proliferation requires Rho A/ROCK as inhibition with Y27632, a ROCK inhibitor, or dominant negative (DN) mutant Rho A blocks 5-HT-induced proliferation, cyclin D1 expression, phosphorylation of Elk, and the DNA binding of transcription factors, Egr-1 and GATA-4. 5-HT activated ROCK, and the activation was blocked by GR 55562 and GR127935, 5-HT 1B/1D receptor antagonists, but not by serotonin transport (SERT) inhibitors. Activation of Rho kinase by 5-HT was independent of activation of ERK1/ERK2, and 5-HT activated ERK1/ERK2 independently of ROCK. Treatment of SMC with Y27632 and expression of DNRho A in cells blocked translocation of ERK1/ERK2 to the cellular nucleus. Depolymerization of actin with cytochalasin D (CD) and latrunculin B (latB) failed to block the translocation of ERK, suggesting that the actin cytoskeleton does not participate in the translocation. The studies show for the first time to our knowledge combinational action of SERT and a 5-HT receptor in SMC growth and Rho A/ROCK participation in 5-HT receptor 1B/1D-mediated mitogenesis of vascular SMCs through an effect on cytoplasmic to nuclear translocation of ERK1/ERK2.
Relational Graph Mining for Learning Events from Video (2010)

In this work, we represent complex video activities as one large activity graph and propose a constraint based graph mining technique to discover a partonomy of classes of subgraphs corresponding to event classes. Events are defined as subgraphs of the activity graph that represent what we regard as interesting interactions, that is, where all objects are actively engaged and are characterized by frequent occurrences in the activity graph. Subgraphs with these two properties are mined using a level-wise algorithm, and then partitioned into equivalence classes which we regard as event classes. Moreover, a taxonomy of these event classes naturally emerges from the level-wise mining procedure. Experimental results in an aircraft turnaround apron scenario show that the proposed technique has considerable potential for characterizing and mining events from video.
Detailed-Routing-Driven analytical standard-cell placement (2015)

Due to the significant mismatch between global-routing congestions estimated during placement and the resulting design-rule violations in detailed routing, considering both global and detailed routability during placement is of particular importance for modern circuit designs. This paper presents an analytical standard-cell placement algorithm to optimize detailed routability with three major techniques: (1) A routability-driven wirelength model that directly minimizes routing congestion and wirelength simultaneously with no additional computational overhead in global placement. (2) A detailed-routability-aware whitespace allocation technique in legalization. (3) A multi-stage congestion-aware cell spreading method in detailed placement. Compared with the participating teams of the 2014 ISPD Detailed-Routing-Driven Placement Contest and a state-of-the-art routability-driven placer, our placer achieves the best quality in both detailed-routing violation and wirelength scores.
<i>Ustilago maydis</i> Infection Strongly Alters Organic Nitrogen Allocation in Maize and Stimulates Productivity of Systemic Source Leaves   (2009)

The basidiomycete Ustilago maydis is the causal agent of corn smut disease and induces tumor formation during biotrophic growth in its host maize (Zea mays). We have conducted a combined metabolome and transcriptome survey of infected leaves between 1 d post infection (dpi) and 8 dpi, representing infected leaf primordia and fully developed tumors, respectively. At 4 and 8 dpi, we observed a substantial increase in contents of the nitrogen-rich amino acids glutamine and asparagine, while the activities of enzymes involved in primary nitrogen assimilation and the content of ammonia and nitrate were reduced by 50% in tumors compared with mock controls. Employing stable isotope labeling, we could demonstrate that U. maydis-induced tumors show a reduced assimilation of soil-derived (15)NO(3)(-) and represent strong sinks for nitrogen. Specific labeling of the free amino acid pool of systemic source leaves with [(15)N]urea revealed an increased import of organic nitrogen from systemic leaves to tumor tissue, indicating that organic nitrogen provision supports the formation of U. maydis-induced tumors. In turn, amino acid export from systemic source leaves was doubled in infected plants. The analysis of the phloem amino acid pool revealed that glutamine and asparagine are not transported to the tumor tissue, although these two amino acids were found to accumulate within the tumor. Photosynthesis was increased and senescence was delayed in systemic source leaves upon tumor development on infected plants, indicating that the elevated sink demand for nitrogen could determine photosynthetic rates in source leaves.
Multiphoton microscopy based on four-wave mixing of colloidal quantum dots (2008)

We demonstrate a novel multiphoton imaging modality based on the detection of four-wave mixing (FWM) from colloidal nanoparticles. This third-order signal is excited and detected in resonance with the ground-state excitonic transition of CdSe∕ZnS quantum dots. We measure transversal and axial resolutions of 140 and 590nm, respectively, significantly improved compared to the one-photon diffraction limit. The coherent FWM signal is detected using a heterodyne technique which rejects incoherent background for improved image contrast compared to fluorescence methods. As sensitivity limit, we estimate a minimum number of 10dots∕Hz detectable in the focal volume.
Mechanisms of Thermophily (1978)

(1978). Mechanisms of Thermophily. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 343-393.
Oligoribonucleotide Analogues Containing a Mixed Backbone of Phosphodiester and Formacetal Internucleoside Linkages, Together with Vicinal 2′<i>‐O‐</i>Methyl Groups (2007)

Oligoribonucleotides containing formacetal internucleoside linkages have been prepared and studied by UV melting experiments. In RNA duplexes, the formacetal substitution is stabilizing (Deltat(m)=0 to +0.9 degrees C per modification) at physiological salt concentrations (0.1 M) but destabilizing (Deltat(m)=-0.4 to -0.8 degrees C per modification) at high salt concentrations (1 M); this suggests that reduction of electrostatic repulsion contributes substantially to the stabilization. The presence of 2'-O-Me substituents increases the stabilities of the duplexes (Deltat(m)=+0.5 to +1.1 degrees C per modification). The positive effects of formacetals and 2'-O-Me groups were independent and additive. (1)H NMR studies on monomeric model compounds containing 3'-(ethyl phosphate) or 3'-O-ethoxymethyl groups showed that the formacetal and 2'-O-Me substitutions shift the conformational equilibria of the ribose residues towards the North conformers by 5 to 12 %. Although the preference for the North conformers qualitatively correlates with increased duplex stabilities, changes in thermodynamic parameters (DeltaH degrees and TDeltaS degrees ) for formation of oligonucleotide duplexes and differences in dependence on concentrations of sodium acetate, sodium chloride and sodium perchlorate suggest that solvation effects are also important for the duplex stabilities. Overall the formacetal linkages fit well in A-type RNA duplexes, making them potentially interesting modifications for RNA-based gene-control strategies (e.g., antisense and RNA interference).
Application of Multilayer Feed-Forward Neural Networks to Automated Compound Identification in Low-Resolution Open-Path FT-IR Spectrometry (1999)

A drawback of current open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) systems is that they need a human expert to determine those compounds that may be quantified from a given spectrum. In this work, multilayer feed-forward neural networks with one hidden layer were used to automatically recognize compounds in an OP/FT-IR spectrum without compensation of absorption lines due to atmospheric H2O and CO2. The networks were trained by fast-back-propagation. The training set comprised spectra that were synthesized by digitally adding randomly scaled reference spectra to actual open-path background spectra measured over a variety of path lengths and temperatures. The reference spectra of 109 compounds were used to synthesize the training spectra. Each neural network was trained to recognize only one compound in the presence of up to 10 other interferences in an OP/FT-IR spectrum. Every compound in a database of vaporphase reference spectra can be encoded in an independent neural network so that a neural network library can be established. When these networks are used for the identification of compounds, the process is analogous to spectral library searching. The effect of learning rate and band intensities on the convergence of network training was examined. The networks were successfully used to recognize five alcohols and two chlorinated compounds in field-measured controlled-release OP/FT-IR spectra of mixtures of these compounds.
Least fixpoint approximations for reachability analysis (1999)

The knowledge of the reachable states of a sequential circuit can dramatically speed up optimization and model checking. However, since exact reachability analysis may be intractable, approximate techniques are often preferable. H. Cho et al. (1996) presented the machine-by-machine (MBM) and frame-by-frame (FBF) methods to perform approximate finite state machine (FSM) traversal. FBF produces tighter upper bounds than MBM; however, it usually takes much more time and it may have convergence problems. In this paper, we show that there exists a class of methods-least fixpoint approximations-that compute the same results as RFBF (reached FBF, one of the FBF methods). We show that one member of this class, which we call least fixpoint (LMBM), is as efficient as MBM, but provably more accurate. Therefore, the trade-off that existed between MBM and RFBF has been eliminated. LMBM can compute RFBF-quality approximations for all the large ISCAS-89 benchmark circuits in a total of less than 9000 seconds.
Improving directional drilling accuracy using magnetic referencing techniques (2012)

Within the drilling industry there is a need for accurate positional referencing to improve target acquisition and collision avoidance. British Geological Survey (BGS) provides services that improve the accuracy of magnetic referencing, based on estimations of the local magnetic field direction along the drill path.

Several sources influence the magnetic field direction, all of which can have a significant impact: the dominant core field, smaller scale crustal perturbations, and mostly irregular disturbances originating above the atmosphere. Each source presents its own challenges when estimating the field at the drilling site. We present BGS's techniques to meet these challenges and so provide a complete picture of the local magnetic field.

The BGS Global Geomagnetic Model (BGGM) is an industry standard main field model based on millions of satellite data and is able to predict the evolution of the field in the near-term. Recent advances in core-flow modelling are now being included to enhance its predictive capability.
 
In-Field Referencing (IFR) utilises the BGGM and the harmonic properties of total field anomalies from airborne or marine surveys to estimate the combined core and crustal field vector.

Interpolation In-Field Referencing (IIFR) completes the picture by combining IFR with data from nearby observatories to estimate the real-time field at the drill site. Where no nearby observatories exist, BGS has worked in partnership with drilling companies to install one.

Uncertainties in directional referencing are of crucial importance to the drilling industry. We provide confidence levels for BGGM, IFR, and IIFR based on comparisons with independent data.
Laryngeal and tracheal stents in children (2008)

Laryngeal and tracheal stents remain best used primarily as postoperative adjunctive devices to assist in the appropriate healing of reconstructive surgical procedures for benign laryngotracheal stenosis.
Purification and Properties of NADP-Dependent Sorbitol-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Apple Seedlings (1993)

NADP-dependent sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) was purified from apple (Malus domestica) seedlings by a purification procedure that included two fractionations by affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme was a homogeneous protein that migrated as a single polypeptide chain with an apparent relative mass of 36,000 during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the native enzyme was a homodimer of the polypeptide. The maximum velocity of the reduction of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) was much higher than that of the oxidation of sorbitol-6-phosphate (S6P) and the enzyme had high G6P-reducing activity over the pH range from 7 to 11 even though the oxidation of S6P proceeded very slowly at neutral pH. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that S6PDH plays a major role in the biosynthesis of sorbitol in vivo. The reduction of G6P to S6P was inhibited by the addition of nucleotide di- or triphosphates. ATP, the strongest inhibitor, and ADP inhibited the reduction of G6P in a competitive manner with respect to NADPH and the Ki values were 0.18 mM for ATP and 0.30 mM for ADP.
A General Iterative Shrinkage and Thresholding Algorithm for Non-convex Regularized Optimization Problems. (2013)

Non-convex sparsity-inducing penalties have recently received considerable attentions in sparse learning. Recent theoretical investigations have demonstrated their superiority over the convex counterparts in several sparse learning settings. However, solving the non-convex optimization problems associated with non-convex penalties remains a big challenge. A commonly used approach is the Multi-Stage (MS) convex relaxation (or DC programming), which relaxes the original non-convex problem to a sequence of convex problems. This approach is usually not very practical for large-scale problems because its computational cost is a multiple of solving a single convex problem. In this paper, we propose a General Iterative Shrinkage and Thresholding (GIST) algorithm to solve the nonconvex optimization problem for a large class of non-convex penalties. The GIST algorithm iteratively solves a proximal operator problem, which in turn has a closed-form solution for many commonly used penalties. At each outer iteration of the algorithm, we use a line search initialized by the Barzilai-Borwein (BB) rule that allows finding an appropriate step size quickly. The paper also presents a detailed convergence analysis of the GIST algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by extensive experiments on large-scale data sets.
Effect of immunoglobulin M from normal human serum on Leishmania donovani promastigote agglutination, complement-mediated killing, and phagocytosis by human monocytes (1989)

Serum from healthy, nonimmune humans contained immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies that agglutinated Leishmania donovani promastigotes, activated complement, and enhanced promastigote ingestion by human monocytes. The findings indicate that IgM antibodies have the capacity to affect the initial interaction of L. donovani promastigotes with human host defenses.