gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical costs of treating venous stasis ulcers: evidence from a retrospective cohort study (1999)

Venous stasis ulcers (VSU) account for approximately 80-90% of lower extremity ulcerations. Given their prevalence and chronic nature, VSU are thought to impose a significant economic burden on Medicare (the USA's largest health insurance program) and other third party payers. However, comprehensive studies on the costs of VSU treatment are lacking. The objective of this study therefore was to examine comprehensively the direct medical costs of treating patients with a VSU in routine clinical practice. A cohort of 78 patients who presented with a VSU to the Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF), a large primary and tertiary referral center, was studied retrospectively. All inpatient and outpatient costs related to VSU treatment that were incurred during the year following VSU presentation or until the ulcer healed, whichever occurred first, were quantified. A total of 71 (91%) patients healed during the study. The average duration of follow-up was 119 days (median: 84 days). The average number of visits per patient was seven (range: 2 to 57). A total of 14 (18%) patients underwent 18 hospitalizations for VSU care. The average total medical cost per patient was $9685 (median: $3036). Home health care, hospitalizations and home dressing changes accounted for 48%, 25% and 21% of total costs, respectively. Total costs were related to duration of active therapy, ulcer size and the presence of at least one comorbidity (p<0.05). VSU are costly to manage, especially when time to healing is prolonged. The present findings reflect an underestimate of VSU costs since indirect costs were not examined. Time absent from work, forced early retirement, loss of functional independence and unquantifiable suffering may be additional factors that contribute to the overall burden of VSU.
Ajax : creating Web pages with asynchronous JavaScript and XML (2007)

Using Ajax, you can build Web applications with the sophistication and usability of traditional desktop applications and you can do it using standards and open source software. Now, for the first time, there's an easy, example-driven guide to Ajax for every Web and open source developer, regardless of experience.
Seamless handover for mobile TV over DVB-H applications (2008)

In this paper, we present an approach for achieving application driven seamless handover across different wireless access networks. The target is thereby to eliminate any content loss while minimizing the interruption duration that is perceived by the user during the handover procedure. Ultimately, the user experience will greatly benefit from the usage of the most suitable network access technology. The focus is set on Mobile TV applications, where an ongoing streaming session experiences an application-controlled handover from DVB-H to an alternative unicast access (e.g. Wi-Fi or 3G) or vice versa. A handover decision algorithm is also presented, aiming at enhancing the overall system stability by adjusting to the dynamic conditions of the broadcast channel.
Estimating multiple independent motions in segmented images using parametric models with local deformations (2002)

This paper presents a new model for optical flow based on the motion of planar regions plus local deformations. The approach exploits brightness information to organize and constrain the interpretation of the motion by using segmented regions of piecewise smooth brightness to hypothesize planar regions in the scene. Parametric flow models are fitted to these regions an a two step process which first computes a coarse fit and then refines it using a generalization of the standard area-based regression approaches. Since the assumption of planarity is likely to be violated, we allow local deformations from the planar assumption. This parametric+deformation model exploits the strong constraints of parametric approaches while retaining the adaptive nature of regularization approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Distribution voltage control for DC microgrid by converters of energy storages considering the stored energy (2010)

DC microgrid is an appropriate system to interconnect dc output sources and to supply high quality power. This paper describes a novel dc distribution voltage control for dc microgrid. We assumed two electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) banks connected to a dc grid through dc/dc converters, and each EDLC converter controls dc distribution voltage when the system disconnects from the utility grid (intentional islanding operation). In previous study, gain-scheduling control that changes feedback gain according to the output power was proposed to share the output powers. We propose a new voltage control that combines fuzzy control in addition to the gain-scheduling control in order to manage the stored energy. Simulation results demonstrated the proposed method accomplished the dc voltage regulation control and the energy balancing control simultaneously.
Tamoxifen and Cardiac Risk Factors in Healthy Women (2001)

-Tamoxifen reduces the incidence of breast cancer in women at risk for that disease. Because heart disease is the leading cause of death in women and because tamoxifen is also associated with venous thrombosis, an improved understanding of the association of tamoxifen with cardiovascular disease risk factors is required. In 111 healthy women at a single center, who were participating in a randomized double-blind breast cancer prevention trial, the 6-month effects of oral tamoxifen (20 mg/d) compared with placebo on factors related to inflammation, hemostasis, and lipids were studied. Tamoxifen was associated with reductions of 26% in median C-reactive protein, 22% in median fibrinogen, and 9% in cholesterol (all P:<0.01 compared with placebo). There were no differences in treatment effects on factor VII coagulant activity, fragment 1-2, and triglycerides. In secondary analyses, the effect of tamoxifen on C-reactive protein was larger in postmenopausal women and in women with higher waist-to-hip ratios. The effect on fibrinogen was larger in women with higher baseline cholesterol. Tamoxifen demonstrated effects on inflammatory markers that were consistent with reduced cardiovascular risk. These findings are in contrast to recent reports of increased C-reactive protein associated with postmenopausal estrogen. The potential for beneficial cardiovascular effects of tamoxifen in healthy women is suggested.
Quantitative SERS Assay on a Single Chip Enabled by Electrochemically Assisted Regeneration: A Method for Detection of Melamine in Milk (2020)

Reusability of sensors is relevant when aiming to decrease variation between measurements, as well as cost and time of analysis. We present an electrochemically assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform with the capability to reverse the analyte–surface interaction, without damaging the SERS substrate, allowing for efficient sensor reuse. The platform was used in combination with a sample pretreatment step, when detecting melamine from milk. We found that the electrochemically enhanced analyte–surface interaction results in significant improvement in detection sensitivity, with detection limits (0.01 ppm in PBS and 0.3 ppm in milk) below the maximum allowed levels in food samples. The reversibility of interaction enabled continuous measurement in aqueous solution and a complete quantitative assay on a single SERS substrate.
Generic Fluid Milk Advertising, Demand Expansion, and Supply Response: The Case of New York City (1988)

Abstract A transfer function was used to estimate the fluid milk demand equation of New York City. The consumption effect of a generic fluid milk advertising program in the city was found to be positive and statistically significant. The resulting higher blend price of milk was found to have a negligible effect on the subsequent supply of milk. Though being successful in generating positive returns on advertising it was found that a 35% reduction in the advertising expenditures would have been optimal in the marginal sense.
Type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Passive transfer with serum and evidence that IgG anticollagen antibodies can cause arthritis. (1982)

We have found that serum from rats with type II collagen-induced arthritis, when fractionated with 50% ammonium sulfate and concentrated, would transfer arthritis to nonimmunized recipients. The arthritis in recipients developed within 18-72 h and displayed all of the major histopathologic characteristics of the early lesion in immunized animals but was transient and less severe. Although consideration was given to the possibility that a circulating immune complex was involved, no evidence of such a complex was detected. Further fractionation of the serum yielded an IgG anticollagen antibody that was fully active in transferring disease. The antibody's reaction was inhibited by the native bovine type II collagen used for immunization of donors and the antibody strongly cross-reacted with homologous type II collage but not with denatured collagen. These studies demonstrate that arthritis in rats can be induced with anti-type II collagen antibodies and suggest that an autoimmune process is involved. Because antibodies to collagen have also been detected in human rheumatic diseases, further investigation of the characteristics of collagen antibodies capable of inducing arthritis seems warranted.
Towards the automatic generation of software diagrams (1991)

The authors formulate the criteria for drawing dataflow diagrams and describe the placement and routing algorithms used in a system called MONDRIAN. A generalized approach to the question of software diagrams is proposed based on the authors' experience with MONDRIAN and a metasystem approach to the creation of CASE (computer-aided software engineering) environments. A formal approach to the definition of software objects and their graphical representation is given. The use of location constraints as a basis for generalized layout algorithms is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Econometric Analysis of the Asymmetric Information, Regulator-Utility Interaction (1994)

Frank A. Wolak, An Econometric Analysis of the Asymmetric Information, Regulator-Utility Interaction, Annales d'Économie et de Statistique, No. 34, Économétrie de la concurrence imparfaite / Econometrics of Imperfect Competition (Apr. - Jun., 1994), pp. 13-69
Heterogeneity of Bovine Fibrinogen and Fibrin (1973)

Abstract We have attempted to relate the heterogeneity found when native bovine fibrinogen, which is known to have the subunit structure [Aα Bβ γ]2, was chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, to electrophoretic differences among the constituent polypeptide chains and differences in the content of charged groups. Bovine fibrinogen, purified from the blood of individual animals, eluted from DEAE-Sephadex A-50 as three major peaks, each of which appeared heterogeneous. Two γ chains were distinguished by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the reduced, S-carboxymethylated derivative of unchromatographed fibrinogen in 8 m urea at pH 8.6. Fibrin from the first major chromatographic peak contained only the more cationic γ chain. Fibrin from the second peak contained equal amounts of the two γ chains as judged by densitometry of stained gels. Fibrin from the third peak contained predominantly the more anionic γ chain. These findings indicate that separation into the three major peaks is due to the three possible combinations of two different γ chains in native fibrinogen. Since a Ferguson plot of the relative mobilities of the two γ chains versus gel concentration in 8 m urea at pH 9.5 yielded parallel lines, and since the two γ chains were not separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate at pH 7.0, it is likely that the two γ chains differ in charge but not in size. Analyses of fractions within each of the major peaks suggest that heterogeneity within the peaks is due to differences in phosphate content, which varied from 0.6 to 3.8 moles of phosphate per mole of fibrinogen. These observations indicate that within an individual animal there are as many as 36 different fibrinogen molecules, differing either in the composition of γ chains or in the content of bound phosphate.
Understanding Background Mixture Models for Foreground Segmentation (2002)

The seminal video surveillance papers on moving object segmentation through adaptive Gaussian mixture models of the background image do not provide adequate information for easy replication of the work. They also do not explicitly base their algorithms on the underlying statistical theory and sometimes even suffer from errors of derivation. This tutorial paper describes a practical implementation of the Stauffer-Grimson algorithm and provides values for all model parameters. It also shows what approximations to the theory were made and how to improve the standard algorithm by redefining those approximations.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Crizotinib in Patients with <i>ALK</i> Gene Rearranged Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2012)

Crizotinib resistance in ALK(+) NSCLC occurs through somatic kinase domain mutations, ALK gene fusion CNG, and emergence of separate oncogenic drivers.
An Optimal Transform Trellis Code with Applications to Speech (1985)

This paper presents a rate-distortion derived transform trellis coding (TTC) scheme with applications to Gaussian AR sources and speech data. The optimal encoder consists of a Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) on the source output, followed by a search on a trellis structured random code, where the decoder is a time-variant nonlinear filter. The scheme is implementable and applicable to stationary Gaussian sources with a bounded and continuous power spectrum and the squared error distortion measure. The code construction is based on the power or eigenvalue spectrum of the source with no restriction on the coding rate. The TTC scheme is first applied to encode a Gaussian AR source often used to model speech. Simulations were conducted at several rates, using an optimal KLT and the suboptimal discrete cosine transform (DCT). Results demonstrate that the DCT performs as well as the KLT, and both yield average distortions very close to the distortion-rate function. For speech data, an adaptive version of the DCT TTC scheme is applied to encode two speech sentences at several coding rates. The adaptation is controlled by an estimate of the short-term eigenvalue spectrum which is transmitted as side information to the receiver. The proposed scheme is a very efficient speech waveform coder that provides reconstructed speech with very high signal-to-noise ratio values and very good perceptual quality at low bit rates.
Temperature sensor based on lifetime measurement of erbium fluorescence. (2011)

A fluorescence based fiber-optic temperature sensor is demonstrated using a modulated pump laser in conjunction with a piece of Erbium-doped fiber (EDF). The remote fiber sensor is based on a lifetime measurement of 90 cm long EDF, which is diode-pumped by a 980 nm laser and can be used to measure temperature in the range of 26Â°C to 60Â°C. The sensitivity of the sensor is obtained at 0.009 ms/Â°C with a linearity of more than 94. The use of fibers of this type opens up significant possibilities for high temperature sensor probes, which is effective and useful for its high resolution and precision.
The Effect of Copper Ions on Membrane Content and Methane Monooxygenase Activity in Methanol-grown Cells of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) (1985)

Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) was grown in continuous culture with methanol (1·0%, v/v) as sole carbon and energy source. Cells grown on methanol exhibited differences in methane monooxygenase (MMO) activity which were dependent on the concentration of copper sulphate present in the growth medium; an increase in the concentration of copper in the growth medium enhanced both in vivo and in vitro MMO activity. The MMO activity in methanol-grown Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) was always associated with the particulate fraction of cell-free extracts; at no time was soluble MMO activity detected. In vitro MMO activity was also stimulated by the addition of copper compounds to the assay system and the stimulation was shown to be pH-dependent. The concentration of copper sulphate in the growth medium also determined the intracytoplasmic membrane content of the cells, as judged by electron microscopy of thin-sections, which could be correlated with particulate MMO activity, although it is not possible at this time to say whether the increase in MMO activity seen is due to the increased membrane content or due to the copper ions per se.
Gap junctional communication between vascular cells. Induction of connexin43 messenger RNA in macrophage foam cells of atherosclerotic lesions. (1993)

The structure and function of blood vessels depend on the ability of vascular cells to receive and transduce signals and to communicate with each other. One means by which vascular cells have been shown to communicate is via gap junctions, specifically connexin43. In atherosclerosis, the normal physical patterns of communication are disrupted by the subendothelial infiltration and accumulation of blood monocytes, which in turn can differentiate into resident foam cells. In this paper we report that neither freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes nor differentiated monocytes/macrophages exhibit functional gap junctional dye transfer in homo-cellular culture or in co-culture with endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells. By Northern analysis, neither freshly isolated blood monocytes nor pure cultures of differentiated monocyte/macrophages expressed gap junction messenger RNA. However, immunohistochemical staining followed by in situ hybridization on sections of human atherosclerotic carotid arteries revealed strong expression of gap junction connexin43 messenger RNA by macrophage foam cells. These results suggest that tissue-specific conditions present in atherosclerotic arteries induce expression of connexin43 messenger RNA in monocyte/macrophages.
Optical Flow Based Co-Located Reference Frame for Video Compression (2020)

This paper proposes a novel bi-directional motion compensation framework that extracts existing motion information associated with the reference frames and interpolates an additional reference frame candidate that is co-located with the current frame. The approach generates a dense motion field by performing optical flow estimation, so as to capture complex motion between the reference frames without recourse to additional side information. The estimated optical flow is then complemented by transmission of offset motion vectors to correct for possible deviation from the linearity assumption in the interpolation. Various optimization schemes specifically tailored to the video coding framework are presented to further improve the performance. To accommodate applications where decoder complexity is a cardinal concern, a block-constrained speed-up algorithm is also proposed. Experimental results show that the main approach and optimization methods yield significant coding gains across a diverse set of video sequences. Further experiments focus on the trade-off between performance and complexity, and demonstrate that the proposed speed-up algorithm offers complexity reduction by a large factor while maintaining most of the performance gains.
Monitoring Chemotherapeutic Response by Hyperpolarized 13C-Fumarate MRS and Diffusion MRI (2013)

Targeted chemotherapeutic agents often do not result in tumor shrinkage, so new biomarkers that correlate with clinical efficacy are needed. In this study, we investigated noninvasive imaging protocols to monitor responses to sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor approved for treatment of renal cell and hepatocellular carcinoma. Healthy cells are impermeable to fumarate, so conversion of this metabolite to malate as detected by (13)C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been suggested as one marker for cell death and treatment response in tumors. Diffusion MRI also has been suggested as a measure of therapy-induced cytotoxic edema because viable cells act as a diffusion barrier in tissue. For these reasons, we assessed sorafenib responses using hyperpolarized (13)C-fumarate, diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) in a xenograft model of human breast cancer in which daily administration of sorafenib was sufficient to stabilize tumor growth. We detected signals from fumarate and malate following intravenous administration of hyperpolarized fumarate with a progressive increase in the malate-to-fumarate (MA/FA) ratio at days 2 to 5 after sorafenib infusion. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured by DW-MRI increased in the treated group consistent with cytotoxic edema. However, the MA/FA ratio was a more sensitive marker of therapeutic response than ADC, with 2.8-fold versus 1.3-fold changes, respectively, by day 5 of drug treatment. Histologic analyses confirmed cell death in the sorafenib-treated cohort. Notably, (13)C-pyruvate-to-lactate conversion was not affected by sorafenib in the breast cancer model examined. Our results illustrate how combining hyperpolarized substrates with DW-MRI can allow noninvasive monitoring of targeted therapeutic responses at relatively early times after drug administration.
[Expression of the genes encoding RhtB family proteins depends on global regulator Lrp]. (2005)

In the present work, further study of the genes encoding RhtB family proteins is presented. In our previous work the involvement of two family members, RhtB and RhtC, in efflux of amino acids was demonstrated. Now we investigated regulation of expression of the rhtB, rhtC, yeaS and yahN genes. It is shown that expression of these genes is under control of the global regulator Lrp, depends on the presence of some amino acids in growth medium, and increases during different physiological stresses.
Collabory: A Collaborative Throughput Stabilizer &#x00026; Accelerator for P2P Protocols (2008)

Common peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing clients usually download at an unstable rate and hardly exploit the available bandwidth offered by low rate sources. The characteristic fluctuational throughput of the source peers might be caused by user behavior factors such as running other bandwidth consuming tasks, throttling of download speed by P2P software or even termination of the source.In this paper we propose Collabory - a solution for stabilizing and accelerating the download speed rate in existing P2P networks. We introduce a new role: "feeders" - peers that collaboratively aggregate the downloads from multiple sources into a single, stable stream served to the downloading peer. We show that the solution utilizes source nodes with an extremely low and unstable throughput without reducing the download rate of the downloading peer.Measurements in a test suite expressed a major increase in download rate and stability. Upgraded & stabilized throughput is demonstrated on eMule.
One stage forward-type power factor correction circuit (2002)

A novel power factor correction (PFC) circuit is proposed which is constructed by one stage using a single forward AC/DC converter. This PFC circuit has functions of high power factor and suppression of the output voltage ripple. The high power factor is accomplished by operation in the discontinuous conduction mode, and the suppression of the output voltage ripple by using the exciting energy of the transformer in the forward converter.