gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Density Gradient and NEGF for 3D Simulation of a Nanowire MOSFET (2009)

The density gradient quantum correction to the conventional drift-diffusion simulation technique has become a well established method to include quantum mechanical effects without resorting to a full quantum transport solution. The results obtained from this method, however, can depend greatly on the values of certain parameters used, and it is usual to calibrate the simulation against more rigorous quantum transport simulations such as non-equilibrium Green's functions (NEGF). Here we present an analysis of the effect of varying fitting parameters within density gradient and compare the results to NEGF simulations for a nanowire transistor.
Bayesian entropy estimation for countable discrete distributions (2014)

We consider the problem of estimating Shannon's entropy H from discrete data, in cases where the number of possible symbols is unknown or even countably infinite. The process, a generalization of Dirichlet process, provides a tractable prior distribution over the space of countably infinite discrete distributions, and has found major applications in Bayesian non-parametric statistics and machine learning. Here we show that it provides a natural family of priors for Bayesian entropy estimation, due to the fact that moments of the induced posterior distribution over H can be computed analytically. We derive formulas for the posterior mean (Bayes' least squares estimate) and variance under Dirichlet and process priors. Moreover, we show that a fixed Dirichlet or process prior implies a narrow prior distribution over H, meaning the prior strongly determines the entropy estimate in the under-sampled regime. We derive a family of continuous measures for mixing processes to produce an approximately flat prior over H. We show that the resulting Pitman-Yor Mixture (PYM) entropy estimator is consistent for a large class of distributions. Finally, we explore the theoretical properties of the resulting estimator, and show that it performs well both in simulation and in application to real data.
TP53 Mutation Detection by SSCP and Sequencing (2004)

The TP53 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17p13.1 contains 11 exons and encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein of 53 kDa, a transcription factor involved in the regulation of the cell cycle (1). Normal p53 protein functions as a cell cycle checkpoint and is involved in DNA repair and/or apoptosis (2). The p53 protein acts as a powerful transcription factor that binds to as many as 300 different promoter elements in the genome, broadly altering patterns of specific gene expression (3). Loss of normal p53 function can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and neoplastic transformation. A TP53 mutation, most commonly a missense mutation, may cause either a loss of tumor suppressor function or, in certain cases, a gain of oncogenic function (4–6). This functional duality may be one explanation for the high frequency of TP53 mutations in human cancer (7–10), which makes the TP53 gene especially suitable for mutational analysis. The modest size of the highly conserved TP53 gene (p53 protein contains 393 amino acids in human) is an advantage in mutation analysis. Mutations in TP53 are usually clustered within the most conserved regions in the area of exons 5–8, corresponding to the sequence-specific DNA-binding domain of the p53 protein (11,12).
High‐sensitive radioimmunoassay for human serum hepcidin (2009)

The hepatic peptide hormone hepcidin plays a central role in body iron metabolism. Despite its promise as a biomarker, the availability of high-sensitive hepcidin assays is still limited. We developed and validated a RadioImmunoAssay (RIA) to measure hepcidin quantitatively in human serum. This assay exhibited a very low detection limit (0.02 microg/l), low imprecision (coefficient of variation-range 4.4-6.2%) and good linearity and recovery (range: 81-105%). Hepcidin levels of samples of controls and patients with iron deficiency and inflammation showed an excellent correlation with our previously described quantitative time-of-flight mass spectrometry assay (range 2.5-266.8 microg/l, r = 0.92, P < 0.0001). The RIA detected: (i) differences in mean hepcidin levels between men (n = 29) and women (n = 35), (ii) differences between individuals of different HFE-genotypes (n = 60) and (iii) daily increases in hepcidin levels (n = 64). The assay (i) is easy to perform and many samples can be processed within one assay-run, (ii) shows accurate, reproducible and high-sensitive measurements and (iii) is anticipated to be particularly useful to study the effects of pathological and physiological stimuli on hepcidin levels in the lower range.
The Importance of Visual Experience, Gender, and Emotion in the Assessment of an Assistive Tactile Mouse (2015)

Tactile maps are efficient tools to improve spatial understanding and mobility skills of visually impaired people. Their limited adaptability can be compensated with haptic devices which display graphical information, but their assessment is frequently limited to performance-based metrics only which can hide potential spatial abilities in O&M protocols. We assess a low-tech tactile mouse able to deliver three-dimensional content considering how performance, mental workload, behavior, and anxiety status vary with task difficulty and gender in congenitally blind, late blind, and sighted subjects. Results show that task difficulty coherently modulates the efficiency and difficulty to build mental maps, regardless of visual experience. Although exhibiting attitudes that were similar and gender-independent, the females had lower performance and higher cognitive load, especially when congenitally blind. All groups showed a significant decrease in anxiety after using the device. Tactile graphics with our device seems therefore to be applicable with different visual experiences, with no negative emotional consequences of mentally demanding spatial tasks. Going beyond performance-based assessment, our methodology can help with better targeting technological solutions in orientation and mobility protocols.
Rapid Coating of Through-Porous Substrates by Atomic Layer Deposition (2006)

By forcing the precursors to flow through substrates, ALD can coat through-porous substrates uniformly and with cycle times nearly as short as those for planar surfaces. This reactor design avoids the problem of long cycle times confronted in conventional ALD reactors, where the precursor flow is along the substrate surface and the precursor transportation into the deep pores occurs by diffusion.
A 942 MHz output, 17.5 MHz bandwidth, -70dBc IMD3 ΣΔ DAC (2004)

A DAC output controlled by an oscillating waveform is proposed to mitigate the effects of switching distortion and clock jitter. This architecture has the additional benefit of mixing the DAC impulse response energy to a higher frequency, allowing a high frequency image of the input to be used as the output. This saves power and hardware relative to a conventional transmitter architecture by eliminating the need for mixers and intermediate frequencies. The concept is demonstrated in a 1.8 V, 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The measured single-tone SFDR is 75 dB, SNR is 52 dB, and two-tone IMD3 is -70.8 dBc for a 17.5 MHz band centered at 942 MHz.
Road Load Measurement and Dynamometer Simulation Using Coastdown Techniques (1981)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Reduction of vehicle road load is important in the overall effort to improve fuel economy in motor vehicles. The ability to accurately simulate vehicle road load on a chassis dynamometer is similarly critical in the process of measuring fuel economy on such a dynamometer. This paper discusses coastdown techniques of road load measurement and dynamometer simulation from the standpoint of SAE Recommended Practice J1263 developed by an SAE Task Force between 1976 and 1979. These techniques are compared to other methods and the equations used to determine the absorber setting which duplicates vehicle road load for a single parameter chassis dynamometer are developed.</div>
A Framework of Networked RFID System Supporting Location Tracking (2006)

The emergence of radio frequency identification (RFID) based tags gives the foreground to link all physical objects in the next generation networks and trace their movements through entire life process, it even provides the background for the implementation of ubiquitous computing applications. Based on the pervasive RFID tags, architecture of SOA-oriented RFID network is presented, We point out its potential application area such as in airport. Moreover, the design concepts, detail illustration of the components especially the location tracking Web service (LTWS) in the proposed framework are described and advantages of the whole framework are summarized. Furthermore, one design and implement of the RFID reader for demonstrating the location tracking services in the framework is also brought forward.
Anthropological perspectives on injections: a review. (2000)

Qualitative studies from developing countries have pointed to the widespread popularity of injections. In addition to their use by formal and informal providers and traditional healers, there is now increasing evidence of the use of injections and injection equipment by lay people. Epidemiological research links the large number of unsafe injections to serious bloodborne infections such as viral hepatitis B and C and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The present article examines the reasons behind the demand for injections by consumers and the administration of unnecessary or unsafe injections by different types of provider. Interventions aimed at reducing the risk of unsafe injections are discussed in relation to cultural and social factors as well as those factors associated with health systems. Suggestions are made for approaches to the design of such interventions.
Communication and shared understanding in collaborative writing (1996)

Writing is a form of communication. Writing together is a process of negotiating for content and meaning of a text. Tools to support collaborative writing must take into consideration the communication which takes place both around and through the text. An extended field study of two groups of four grade six students was carried out to explore the impact of a shared text editor on communication and writing during synchronous collaborative writing. Analysis of the students &apos; interactions shows that a shared editor affects control of discourse, the pursuit of attention, and the development of the common ground essential for shared understanding between collaborating authors. These observations suggest that effective collaborative writing technology needs to satisfy design requirements in the areas of concurrency control, awareness, and shared task spaces. These design requirements were explored through the development of Calliope, a prototype synchronous collaborative writing tool built using the GroupKit groupware toolkit.
Countering Noisy Labels By Learning From Auxiliary Clean Labels (2019)

We consider the learning from noisy labels (NL) problem which emerges in many real-world applications. In addition to the widely-studied synthetic noise in the NL literature, we also consider the pseudo labels in semi-supervised learning (Semi-SL) as a special case of NL. For both types of noise, we argue that the generalization performance of existing methods is highly coupled with the quality of noisy labels. Therefore, we counter the problem from a novel and unified perspective: learning from the auxiliary clean labels. Specifically, we propose the Rotational-Decoupling Consistency Regularization (RDCR) framework that integrates the consistency-based methods with the self-supervised rotation task to learn noise-tolerant representations. The experiments show that RDCR achieves comparable or superior performance than the state-of-the-art methods under small noise, while outperforms the existing methods significantly when there is large noise.
CW laser pumped emerald laser (1984)

A CW laser pumped emerald laser is reported, A 34 percent output power slope efficiency is observed with longitudinal pumping by a krypton laser in a nearly concentric cavity. The laser has been tuned from 728.8 to 809.0 nm, Losses in emerald are larger than those of alexandrite determined in a similar cavity. Our data also indicate that the excited state absorption minimum is shifted from that of alexandrite.
Identification of a Gene Expression Signature for Survival Prediction in Type I Endometrial Carcinoma (2010)

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract. In many cases the prognosis is favorable, but 22% of affected women die from the disease. We aimed to study potential differences in gene expression between endometrioid adenocarcinomas from survivors (5-year survival) and nonsurvivors. Forty-five patients were included in the investigation, of which 21 were survivors and 24 were nonsurvivors. The tumors were analyzed with genome-wide expression array analysis, represented by 13,526 genes. Distinct differences in gene expression were found between the groups. A t-test established that 218 genes were significantly differentially expressed (p < 0.001) between the two survival groups, and in a cross-validation test 40 of the 45 (89%) tumors were classified correctly. The 218 differentially expressed genes were subjected to hierachical clustering analysis, which yielded two clusters both exhibiting over 80% homogeneity with respect to survival. When the additional constraint of fold change (FC > 2) was added the hierachical clustering yielded similar results. Stage I tumors are expected to have a favorable prognosis. However, in our tumor material there were six nonsurvivors with stage I tumors. Five out of six stage I nonsurvivors clustered in the nonsurvival fraction. Our findings suggest that a subgroup of early stage endometroid adenocarcinomas can be correctly classified as potentially aggressive by using molecular biology in combination with conventional markers, thereby providing a tool for a more accurate classification and risk evaluation of the individual patient.
Isolation of anonymous DNA sequences from within a submicroscopic X chromosomal deletion in a patient with choroideremia, deafness, and mental retardation. (1987)

Choroideremia, an X-chromosome linked retinal dystrophy of unknown pathogenesis, causes progressive nightblindness and eventual central blindness in affected males by the third to fourth decade of life. Choroideremia has been mapped to Xq13-21 by tight linkage to restriction fragment length polymorphism loci. We have recently identified two families in which choroideremia is inherited with mental retardation and deafness. In family XL-62, an interstitial deletion in Xq21 is visible by cytogenetic analysis and two linked anonymous DNA markers, DXYS1 and DXS72, are deleted. In the second family, XL-45, an interstitial deletion was suspected on phenotypic grounds but could not be confirmed by high-resolution cytogenetic analysis. We used phenol-enhanced reassociation of 48,XXXX DNA in competition with excess XL-45 DNA to generate a library of cloned DNA enriched for sequences that might be deleted in XL-45. Two of the first 83 sequences characterized from the library were found to be deleted in probands from family XL-45 as well as from family XL-62. Isolation of these sequences proves that XL-45 does contain a submicroscopic deletion and provides a starting point for identifying overlapping genomic sequences that span the XL-45 deletion. Each overlapping sequence will be studied to identify exons from the choroideremia locus.
Naphthoquinone Antimalarials. XXIII. Bz-Substituted Derivatives (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNaphthoquinone Antimalarials. XXIII. Bz-Substituted DerivativesLouis F. Fieser and Russell H. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 11, 3615–3617Publication Date (Print):November 19, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 November 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01179a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01179a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Principle and applications of the background oriented schlieren (BOS) method (2001)

The practical aspects of an advanced schlieren technique, which has been presented by Meier (1999) and Richard et al (2000) and in a similar form by Dalziel et al (2000), are described in this paper. The application of the technique is demonstrated by three experimental investigations on compressible vortices. These vortices play a major role in the blade vortex interaction (BVI) phenomenon, which is responsible for the typical impulsive noise of helicopters. Two experiments were performed in order to investigate the details of the vortex formation from the blade tips of two different helicopters in flight: a Eurocopter BK117 and a large US utility helicopter. In addition to this, simultaneous measurements of velocity and density fields were conducted in a transonic wind tunnel in order to characterize the structure of compressible vortices.
[Expression of cannabinoid and opioid receptors in nervous as well as immune systems of Macaca mulatta and Tupaia belangeri]. (2011)

To make Macaca mulatta and Tupaia belangeri as experimental animals for studying functions of opioid and cannabinoid receptors in drug addiction, we examined expression of the opioid and cannabinoid receptors in nervous and immune system of the two animals. We dissected normal adult M. mulatta and T. belangeri, collected tissues of cortex, cerebellum, brain stem, hippocampus, spinal cord, and spleen, and then applied the semi-quantitative PCR and real-time quantitative PCR methods to investigate the mRNA expression levels of the opioid and cannabinoid receptors in these tissues. In M. mulatta, the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) mRNA was expressed in the all tissues; in contrast, the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2) mRNA was only present in the spleen. The mu opioid receptor (MOPR) was detected in all tissues, and the kappa opioid receptor (KOPR) was found in the cortex, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord, but not in hippocampus and spleen. However, the delta opioid receptor (DOPR) was restrictively expressed in the hippocampus. In T. belangeri, CNR1 and CNR2 were expressed in the five regions of the brain. CNR2, but no CNR1, was also detected in the spleen. MOPR was expressed in all examined tissues, and its expression levels in the brain were higher than that in the spleen. DOPR and KOPR were not found in all tissues. Taken together, the expression profiles of cannabinoid receptors in human being, M. mulatta, T. belangeri, and rat were similar, and the expression patterns of the opioid receptors in M. mulatta were more close to human beings. The opioid and cannabinoid receptors were expressed in the tissues of nervous and immune systems of M. mulatta and T. belangeri, and both animals could be used for studying drug addiction. Macaca mulatta is still the best experimental animal for drug addiction research because it shows very similar expression profiles of these receptors to human beings.
Ringspaltung cyclischer Azoverbindungen, VII. 6‐Fluor‐ sowie 6‐Nitro‐3‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐4‐on und deren Photolyse; nucleophile Substitution zur Erprobung der Fluor‐Markierungsmethode von Suschitzky (1976)

Abstract Die Photolyse der fluor‐ und nitrosubstituierten Benzotriazinone 1a bzw. 1b wurde im Hinblick auf einen direkten Nachweis der Diazoniumzwischenstufe 2β untersucht. Die am C‐6 substituierten Produkte 3, 4, 5, 6 und 7 entsprechen denjenigen, über die kürzlich als Photolyseprodukte der unsubstituierten Verbindung 1c berichtet wurde. Die Produkte 1d‐1h entstammen dagegen einer Dunkelreaktion von 1a mit Aminen oder Methylat. Die Fluorsubstitution erfolgt gemäß Schema 2, Weg a und nicht über ein intramolekulares Diazoniumanilid‐Ionenpaar 2βa (Weg b). Gründe, die es unwahrscheinlich machen, daß bei der Photofragmentierung von 1 das Diazoniumanilid‐Ionenpaar 2β auftritt, werden genannt.
<i>Drosophila</i> ABC transporter mutants <i>white</i> , <i>brown</i> and <i>scarlet</i> have altered contents and distribution of biogenic amines in the brain (2008)

Monoamines such as dopamine, histamine and serotonin (5-HT) are widely distributed throughout the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, where many of their actions have been investigated. For example, histamine is released from photoreceptor synapses in the lamina neuropile of the visual system. Mutations of the genes white, an important eye pigmentation marker in fly genetics that encodes an ABC transporter, and its binding partner brown, cause neural phenotypes not readily reconciled solely with actions in eye pigmentation. We find that flies mutant for these genes, and another binding partner, scarlet, have about half the wild-type amount of histamine in the head, as well as reduced 5-HT and dopamine. These differences parallel reductions in immunoreactivity to the corresponding biogenic amines. They also correlate with the amine content of fractions after differential centrifugation of head homogenates. Thus, most of the amine is found in the vesicle-rich fraction of wild-type head homogenates, whereas it is found in the supernatant fractions from white, brown and scarlet flies. White co-expresses in lamina epithelial glia with Ebony, which conjugates histamine to beta-alanine. Histamine is then released when the conjugate is hydrolyzed in photoreceptors, by Tan. Mutant white ameliorates the effects of tan on head histamine whereas it exacerbates the effects of ebony. Our results are consistent with the proposal that histamine uptake by the epithelial glia may be white dependent. Behavioral abnormalities in white, brown and scarlet mutants could arise because aminergic neurons in the Drosophila brain have reduced amine for release.