gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additive Manufacturing in Construction of Electrical Machines – A Review (2019)

Additive manufacturing (AM) has been undergoing dynamic development in recent years. The latest evolution of AM has been recognised as a key enabling technology in a wide range of applications, some of which include medical, aerospace and automotive industries. The use of AM opens new avenues for design solutions, otherwise challenging or impossible to realise when using more conventional techniques for manufacture. No- or low-material waste and high-flexibility are some of the attributes of modern AM. This paper aims to provide an overview of the existing examples of employing AM in construction of electrical machines. The paper reviews research and development work related to all integral components of an electrical machine assembly. These include active parts like coils/windings, electrical insulation, stator/rotor magnetic core packs, permanent magnets (PMs). The machine structural/mechanical and thermal management components are also discussed in the paper. Further to these, the authors make some comments/forecasts on how the AM could improve performance and manufacturability of the future electrical machines.
<title>Specifying Glass And Plastic Optics - What's The Difference?</title> (1979)

Plastic optics have come a long way since the first lens was injection molded many years ago; in fact today, the replacement of conventional optical components seems to be one of the least exciting aspects of polymer optics. Like waveguide optics, holographic optics, and coherent optics, plastic optics offers freedoms and options simply not available in conventional glass optics. This is not to say that plastic is not well suited to substituting for glass in many ordinary applications. The real virtues of plastic become clear, however, when one takes advantage of the medium to produce a totally unconventional component. Fig. 1 depicts a precision polygon having internal facets - a part whose manufacture is not possible using conventional glassworking techniques.
Tribal Exclusion Authority: Its Sovereign Basis with Recommendations for Federal Support (2018)

These societies could banish those found guilty of murder, disobedience of the orders of a traditional society, theft, rape, incest, or abuse of power.Id.In 2005 the Dog Soldiers of the Crazy Dog Society and the Kit Fox Society decided at council to banish an Indian Health Services doctor for performing religious ceremonies on tribal land in a manner that caused "sacrilege and desecration to [their] culture." 12Id.at 96 (alteration in original).The Dog Soldiers drove the doctor, a nonmember, to the border of the reservation and ordered him to leave.Id.The Northern Cheyenne Tribal Court, however, overturned this traditional banishment.Id. 43 Aja Goare, Montana School Superintendent Fired, Banished From Reservation, KTVQ (
Petrographic Study of the Refractory Performance of High-Fusing Dental Alloy Investments: I. High-Fired, Phosphate-Bonded Investments (1973)

Detailed X-ray, optical microscopic, optical emission, and electron probe analyses of a phosphate-bonded investment before and after firing and after casting were made. Complex sintering reactions that involve incipient liquefaction generate bonds in the fired investment. The refractory behavior of this investment, which is reflected by the extent of liquefaction induced by casting, may influence casting roughness, fit, and porosity.
Cyclobutane-type pyrimidine photodimer formation and excision in human skin fibroblasts after irradiation with 313-nm ultraviolet light (1983)

The formation and excision of 313-nm light-induced cyclobutane-type pyrimidine photodimers were determined in confluent cultures of human fibroblasts. A new method was developed for the resolution and determination of cytosine-thymine (CT) and thymine-thymine dimers (TT) by using sodium borohydride reduction and high-pressure liquid chromatography. This assay can detect as little as 1.8 TT or 5.6 CT per 10(8) daltons, levels induced in monolayers of human skin fibroblasts by doses of 1 and 2 kJ m-2 of 313-nm light, respectively. CT formation was 20% more efficient than TT formation in the physiological dose range of 2.25-15 k m-2 at 37 degrees C. Normal fibroblasts removed 61% TT within the first 8 h of incubation following a dose of 5.5 kJ m-2. CT was removed approximately twice as efficiently as TT during the same time period following exposure to 10 kJ m-2. The lack of removal of CT as well as TT observed in xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts indicates that the repair deficiency in these cells affects the repair of both classes of dimers.
DeepHash for Image Instance Retrieval (2017)

This work focuses on representing very high-dimensional global image descriptors using very compact 64-1024 bit binary hashes for instance retrieval. We propose DeepHash: a hashing scheme based on deep networks. Key to making DeepHash work at extremely low bitrates are three important considerations -- regularization, depth and fine-tuning -- each requiring solutions specific to the hashing problem. In-depth evaluation shows that our scheme outperforms state-of-the-art methods over several benchmark datasets for both Fisher Vectors and Deep Convolutional Neural Network features, by up to 8.5% over other schemes. The retrieval performance with 256-bit hashes is close to that of the uncompressed floating point features -- a remarkable 512x compression.
5′-Terminal Sequence of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus mRNA's Synthesized In Vitro (1976)

Unmethylated or methylated 12 to 18S mRNA's synthesized in vitro by the virion-associated RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus contain the 5'-terminal hexanucleotide sequence G(5')ppp(5')ApApCpApGp...or m 7G(5')-ppp(5')ApmApCpApGp..., respectively. The implication of these results in relation to the regulation of transcription in vesicular stomatitis virus is discussed.
Opioid Peptides, Receptors, and Immune Function (1990)

The studies have clearly demonstrated that binding sites for opioid peptides, beta-endorphin, and methionine-enkephalin exist on T lymphocytes. beta-Endorphin appears to be immunodepressant, whereas methionine-enkephalin is immunostimulant. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that methionine-enkephalin can influence some immune functions. Since in vitro modification of immune function requires very low concentrations, it is reasonable to believe that methionine-enkephalin plays a physiological role in the immune system. Although not well established, methionine-enkephalin appears to activate T lymphocytes via opioid receptors and triggers a series of intracellular signals leading to the activation of receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2), OKT10, and active sheep T red blood cell receptors. Methionine-enkephalin enhances the activity of NK cells and induces the production of IL-2, which in turn may recruit and activate other T-cell subsets like CD3 and CD4. Methionine-enkephalin also enhances mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes. Since preliminary studies with methionine-enkephalin in ARC patients have provided beneficial effects by the improvements in their symptoms, it will be worthwhile to extend these observations to a larger number of patients with ARC and AIDS. Finally, it appears that some endogenous opioid peptides and their analogs, in addition to methionine-enkephalin, may provide therapeutic benefits not only in ARC and AIDS but also in other immunodeficient states.
Cholesterol absorption in baboons. (1980)

We estimated the effects of age, sex, saturated and polyunsaturated dietary fat, and two levels of dietary cholesterol intake on cholesterol absorption in juvenile baboons between 15 and 51 months of age. We compared the reproducibility of methods of measuring cholesterol absorption within animals, and also compared estimates of percentage cholesterol absorption by three different methods. Cholesterol absorption was significantly greater in all diet groups at 27 and 39 months of age than it was at 15 or 51 months (P < 0.001). Cholesterol absorption (%) was significantly greater in animals fed low cholesterol diets than it was in animals fed high cholesterol diets. However, cholesterol absorption was not affected by type of fat (saturated or unsaturated) in the diet or by sex. The range of reproducibility (within-animal standard deviation) of percentage cholesterol absorption for different diet groups was 3.35 to 3.90% for the Borgström method (1969. J. Lipid Res. 10: 331--337), 4.67 to 7.30% for the Sodhi method (1971. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 137: 277-279), and 3.69 to 7.15% by a combined isotopic chromatographic method (Method I). Percentage absorption measured by either the Sodhi method or Method I was significantly greater than that measured by the Borgström method.
Cluster analysis for bank customers' selection of Islamic mortgages in Eastern Malaysia (2009)

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the reasons behind customers' selection of Islamic mortgage in Sabah, Malaysia and present factor and cluster analyses to identify the importance of choice criteria for Islamic mortgage selection. The choice criteria among Sabahans are investigated along with their gender, age group, religion, monthly income, and ethnicity. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 250 bank customers responded to a survey addressing the choice criteria for Islamic mortgage providers. It is important to address the criteria in order to make sure the service providers are able to come up with attractive package of Islamic home financing to their prospective customers. Of these, only 211 questionnaires are usable, which gives us a response rate of 84.4 percent. No extra efforts are conducted in order to increase the number of respondents. Non‐probability, convenience sampling is implemented. This paper uses a quantitative study similar to what employed by Lymperopoulos et al. and by Devlin. Frequencies, descriptive, factor and cluster analyses are used to analyze the data. Findings – A cluster analysis indicates that bank customers can be divided into three clusters. Members of cluster 1 reported a tendency to select mortgage bank on the basis of "service provisions" while the members of cluster 2 reported a tendency to select mortgage bank on the basis of "elements of Shariah and Islamic principles." While those of members in the cluster 3, almost entirely had lower mean scores as compared to other clusters. Nevertheless, the members of this cluster reported a greatest tendency to choose Islamic mortgage provider on the basis of "pricing." Research limitations/implications – The paper has addressed three limitations that provide opportunities for other researchers to explore them in depth in the future in the similar field of Islamic home financing. The limitations are presented in the conclusion's part. Practical implications – With regard to implications, this paper offers inputs for management decision among Islamic mortgage providers (i.e. Islamic banking institutions such as full‐fledged Islamic banks, conventional banks with Islamic windows and conventional banks with Islamic subsidiaries). In addition, this paper adds to the literature in the area of home loans/financing. Originality/value – This paper offers the choice criteria for Islamic mortgage providers provides useful information on the Islamic mortgage providers' selection among Sabahans. This paper indeed provides useful information on the main choice criteria that affect why Sabahan choose Islamic mortgage providers.
The Colleges of the United States and the Campaign Against Tuberculosis (1909)

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Dark optical solitons (1992)

Although soliton phenomena arise in many distinct areas of physics, the single-mode optical fiber has been found to be an especially convenient medium for their study. As described in the previous chapters of this book, soliton propagation of bright optical pulses has been verified in a number of elegant experiments performed in the negative group velocity dispersion (GVD) region of the spectrum; most recently, transmission of 55-ps optical pulses through 4000 km of fiber was achieved, by use of a combination of non-linear soliton propagation to avoid pulse spreading and Raman amplification to avoid losses (Mollenauer and Smith, 1988). For positive dispersion (λ < 1.3 μm in standard single-mode fibers), bright pulses cannot propagate as solitons and the interaction of the non-linear index with GVD leads to spectral and temporal broadening of the propagating pulses. These effects form the basis for the fiber-and-grating pulse compressor (Nakatsuka et al., 1981; Grischkowsky and Balant, 1982; Tomlinson et al., 1984), which was utilised to produce the shortest optical pulses (6 fs) ever reported (Fork et al., 1987). For both signs of GVD, the experimental results are in quantitative agreement with the predictions of the non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLS).
X. Contributions to the mathematical theory of evolution.—II. Skew variation in homogeneous material (1895)

Abstract An asymmetrical frequency curve may arise from two quite distinct classes of causes. In the first place the material measured may be heterogeneous and may consist of, a mixture of two or more homogeneous materials. Such frequency curves, for example, arise when we have a mixed population of two different races, a homogeneous population with a sprinkling of diseased or deformed members, a curve for tbe frequency of matrimony covering more than one class of the population, or in economics a frequency of interest curve for securities of different types of stabilit — railways and government stocks mixed with mining and financial companies. The treatment of this class of frequency curves requires us to break up the original curve into component parts, or simple frequency curves. This branch of the subject (for the special case of the compound being the sum of two normal curves) has been treated in a paper presented to the Poyal Society by the author, on October 18,1893. 1 lie second class of frequency curves arises in the case of homogeneous material when the tendency to deviation on one side of the mean is unequal to the tendency to deviation on the other side. Such curves arise in many physical, economic and biological investigations, for example, in frequency curves for the height of the barometer, in those for prices and for rates of interest of securities of the same class, in mortality curves, especially the percentage of deaths to cases in all kinds of fevers, in income tax and house duty returns, and in various types of anthropological measurements. I t is this class of curves, which are dealt with in the present paper. The general type of this class of frequency curve will be found to vary (see Plate 7, fig. 1) through all phases from the form close to the negative exponential curve: y = Ce-px, to a form close to the normal frequency curve y = Ce-px2 where C and p are constants.
Novel Approach to Soldier Flame Protection (2005)

Abstract The U.S. Army desires low cost combat uniform fabrics that provide flame protection, visual and near infrared camouflage, comfort, and durability. Prior to material development, the flame threat and hazard was investigated and characterized. Flammability related test methods were reviewed and pass/fail criteria for instrumented manikin testing was established based on military medical doctrine. Various fibers, fiber blends, and functional finishes were investigated and novel blend materials were developed. Textile manufacturing methods not traditionally used in military protective clothing such as core-spun yarn spinning and direct fiber-to-fabric non-woven technologies were also investigated. When compared to the standard issue combat uniform, the best performing protective clothing configuration demonstrated a reduction in total body burn from 88% to 8%. Safe exposure limits of up to 5 s were established.
Factory monitoring and control using the Internet (2002)

In this tutorial the author explores the premise that the Internet and the World Wide Web, when combined with the software tools developed to support electronic commerce, are the enabling factors for achieving remote factory monitoring and control (and, ultimately, industrial control in general). We look briefly at the issues of: system architecture; web protocols and services; wired and wireless access; Java programming; Jini lookup services; multimedia; multicast; privacy and security; reliability; factory monitoring; instrument control; and the research challenges for fast, closed-loop, real-time control.
DNA adduct 8-hydroxyl-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-hydroxyguanine) affects function of human DNA methyltransferase (1995)

8-Hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (also referred to as 8-hydroxyguanine [8-OH-dG] or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine), a common DNA adduct resulting from injury to DNA via reactive oxygen species, affects the in vitro methylation of nearby cytosine moieties by the human DNA methyltransferase. The exact position of 8-OH-deoxyguanosine relative to a CpG dinucleotide appears important to this effect. Our data indicate that 8-OH-deoxyguanosine diminishes the ability of the methyltransferase to methylate a target cytosine when the 8-OH-deoxyguanosine is one or two nucleotides 3' from the cytosine, on the same strand. On the other hand 8-OH-deoxyguanosine does not diminish the ability of the enzyme to respond to a methyl director (5-methylcytosine) when the 8-OH-deoxyguanosine is on the same strand but one or two nucleotides 3' from the methyl director. Differences in methylation rates as great as 13-fold have been detected using various 8-OH-deoxyguanosine-containing oligonucleotides as substrates in methylation assays. Our findings suggest that oxidative damage of parental strand guanines would permit normal copying of methylation patterns through maintenance methylation, while oxidative damage of guanines in the nascent strand DNA would inhibit such methylation.
Lewis‐acid promoted aromatic cyclization of α‐chlorosulfides: Synthesis of ethyl isothiochroman‐1‐carboxylate and related compounds (1985)

Abstract A variety of ethyl isothiochroman‐1‐carboxylates and related compounds were synthesized by treatment of 2‐chloro‐2‐[(2‐arenyl)ethylthio]acetates with stannic chloride in methylene chloride. The same procedure was applied to the synthesis of ethyl 4‐chloro‐4‐methyltetrahydrothiopyran‐2‐carboxylate. Some isothiochroman‐1‐carboxylic acids were prepared and evaluated for antiinflammatory activity. Among the compounds tested, 7‐phenoxyisothiochroman‐1‐carboxylic acid showed weak activity.
Design and Synthesis of Multifunctional Materials Based on an Ionic‐Liquid Backbone (2006)

No longer simply “green” solvents, ionic liquids can be used as backbones to integrate independent components into a multifunctional compound. For example, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are coupled with various anions (X−) by a simple anion-exchange reaction (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z600120_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Detection and clinical application of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood of patients with prostate cancer (2013)

Prostate cancer is the most common urogenital malignant tumor among males in Western countries.Recently,more and more prostate cancer patients were diagnosed in China.Tumor metastasis is one of the main cause for the failure of prostate cancer treatment.Tumor cells entering into circulation system is the prerequisite for tumor metastasis in the distant organs.Many studies began to focus on circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood(CTC) because it could represent individual tumor characteristics.This review focused on the detection,enumeration and biomarkers of CTC.
Ultrahigh-density nanotransistors by using selectively grown vertical carbon nanotubes (2001)

A type of carbon nanotube transistors, which would be suitable for large-scale integration, has been fabricated from vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. We fabricated highly ordered carbon nanotubes, which are selectively grown on the patterned aluminum oxide nanotemplates. Each device element is formed on a vertical carbon nanotube attached to a bottom (source) and upper (drain) electrodes and a gate electrode, which is electrostatically switchable. The transistors can be integrated in large arrays with the potential for tera-level density (2×1011/cm2). The vertical carbon nanotube transistor shows ON/OFF switching operation at 30 K.
Immune Complex Size Determines the Clearance Rate of a Circulating Antigen in Schistosome-Infected Mice (1984)

Previous studies showed that the clearance rate of gut-associated proteoglycan (GASP), a specific excretory-secretory antigen, was enhanced in mice infected with low schistosome burdens compared to heavily infected and control mice. Because the size of immune complexes alters the clearance rate of antigens, in the present experiments the size of GASP-containing immune complexes was determined after injection of radiolabeled GASP into lightly and heavily infected and control mice. The size and amount of immune complexes were determined by sucrose density centrifugation, agarose electrophoresis, and (NH4)2SO4 precipitation. All three methods showed that lightly infected mice had larger and quantitatively more GASP-containing immune complexes than did heavily infected mice. The differences in clearance between lightly and heavily infected mice, therefore, appear to be due to the presence of smaller, and quantitatively less, immune complexes in the heavily infected mice.
Purification and partial characterization of nucleolar antigen-1 of the Novikoff hepatoma. (1979)

A nucleolar chromatin antigen (NoAg-1) found in Novikoff hepatoma but not in normal liver has been purified to homogeneity as shown by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Initial purification of NoAg-1 was partially achieved by isolation of nucleolar chromatin and fractionation of its proteins by successive extraction with solutions of increasing salt concentration. Further purification of this antigen was achieved by affinity and hydroxylapatite chromatography. Although approximately 50% of the NoAg-1 antigen was in the 0.6 M NaCl extract of Novikoff nucleoli, it was less pure than in the 2 M NaCl:5 M urea extract which contained 25% of the NoAg-1 at a purity of 40%. The highly purified NoAg-1 had an approximate molecular weight of 60,000 and pl of 5.1; the yield of NoAg-1 was 0.22% of the total nucleolar proteins.
Transforming Growth Factor-β: Role in Mediating Serum-Induced Endothelin Production by Vascular Endothelial Cells* (1991)

Studies were performed to characterize the identity of the factors present in calf serum that stimulate endothelin (ET) production by vascular endothelial cells in culture. Two putative candidates responsible for the ET-releasing activity present in serum are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) superfamily, TGF beta 1 and activin A. TGF beta 1 antiserum was used to block the actions of TGF beta 1, and follistatin was used to block the actions of activin. Treatment of serum with TGF beta 1 antiserum attenuates ET production by vascular endothelial cells. TGF beta 1 antiserum (1 microliters) completely prevents the release of ET produced by 0.1% and 0.3% serum. Follistatin is a potent inhibitor of activin-induced ET release but does not alter serum-induced ET production. Because serum-induced ET release is dependent on TGF beta, it may be a physiological regulator of ET production by vascular endothelial cells.