gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of multiple-relation multiple-disjunct queries (1988)

In this paper we discuss the optimization of multiple-relation multiple-disjunct queries in a relational database system. Since optimization techniques for conjunctive (single disjunct) queries in relational databases are well known [Smith75, Wong76, Selinger79, Yao79, Youssefi79], the natural way to evaluate a multiple-disjunct query was to execute each disjunct independently [Bernstein81, Kerschberg82] However, evaluating each disjunct independently may be very inefficient. In this paper, we develop methods that merge two or more disjuncts to form a term. The advantage of merging disjuncts to form terms lies in the fact that each term can be evaluated with a single scan of each relation that is present in the term. In addition, the number of times a join is performed will also be reduced when two or more disjuncts are merged. The criteria for merging a set of disjuncts will be presented. As we will see, the number of times each relation in the query is scanned will be equal to the number of terms. Thus, minimizing the number of terms will minimize the number of scans for each relation. We will formulate the problem of minimizing the number of scans as one of covering a merge graph by a minimum number of complete merge graphs which are a restricted class of Cartesian product graphs. In general, the problem of minimizing the number of scans is NP-complete. We present polynomial time algorithms for special classes of merge graphs. We also present a heuristic for general merge graphs.
The novel high efficiency on chip transformers for the CMOS power amplifier (2009)

This paper proposes a novel on chip transformer for the purpose of combining output voltage of the high power amplifier in a standard 0.13-µm TSMC CMOS technology. The transformer adopts multi-finger architecture which provides low insertion loss and allows high current capacity on the transformer. The proposed transformer is estimated and designed by 3-D electromagnetic simulator. Due to the multi-finger structure, the voltage transfer efficiency from input to output at the transformer reaches 81%. To enhance linearity of the PA, cross coupled compensation capacitors are added. With all integration of transformers, baluns, and paralell 4 diff-amps, the prototype Class AB Power Amplifier shows 30dBm saturation power with 1.8V supply voltage and 35dBm with 3V supply voltage at 2.4 GHz. The output P1dB is 27dBm with 18% drain efficiency and 30dBm with 15.6% drain efficiency.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of <i>iso</i>‐Butyl Methacrylate in Microemulsion with Cationic and Non‐Ionic Emulsifiers (2007)

Abstract Direct atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of iso ‐butyl methacrylate in microemulsion has been performed successfully for the first time. ATRP was performed at 40 °C with different emulsifier systems: i) the cationic emulsifier n ‐tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB); and ii) mixed emulsifier systems based on TTAB and the non‐ionic emulsifiers Emulgen 911 or Emulgen 931. All polymerizations proceeded in a controlled/living fashion, and the microemulsions were transparent with particle diameters less than 15 nm. The emulsifier system TTAB/Emulgen 911 exhibited better control than TTAB only. This is proposed to be caused by complex formation between Emulgen 911 in the organic phase and CuBr 2 (the deactivator), thus reducing the extent of exit of CuBr 2 to the aqueous phase. The more hydrophilic Emulgen 931 did not lead to improved control. magnified image
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of donepezil-based reactivators and analogues for nerve agent-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase (2016)

Donepezil-based reactivators <bold>1–3</bold> show a better ability (8 fold higher) than pralidoxime to reactivate VX-hAChE, and oxime <bold>2</bold> is 5 to 11 fold more efficient than pralidoxime and HI-6 respectively to reactivate of VX-hBChE.
A Channel Quality and QoS Aware Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for IEEE 802.16 Base Stations (2008)

In an IEEE 802.16 network, mobile stations locating different places will encounter various interferences during transmission, leading that their communication channels experience different packet loss conditions and adopt suitable modulations. Thus, an excellent bandwidth allocation algorithm should not only satisfy various quality of services (QoS) required by heterogeneous traffic, but also consider the channel quality to maximize bandwidth utilization. In this paper, a bandwidth allocation algorithm with channel quality awareness and QoS guarantee, called CQQ, is proposed. Besides satisfying each connection's QoS requirement, CQQ raises the throughput by dynamically adjusting the downlink/uplink (DL/UL) bandwidth to match current DL/UL traffic and allocating more bandwidth to the connections having better channel quality. Simulation results demonstrate that CQQ provides lower delay violation ratio and higher goodput, comparing with the previous algorithms.
Inverse analysis for the measurement of thermal properties of hard coatings (1999)

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Commissioning and Diagnosis of VAV Air-Conditioning Systems (2006)

This paper presents a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) strategy based on system knowledge, qualitative states and object-oriented statistical process control (SPC) models for typical pressure-independent variable air volume (VAV) air-conditioning systems. Eight FDD schemes are built to detect the eleven pre-defined VAV faults using the qualitative and quantitative FDD approaches within the strategy at two steps. The ten hard faults, which would affect the system operation, are analyzed at Step 1. The soft fault, which would not affect the basic system operation but would impact the supervisory controls, is analyzed at Step 2. The strategy is tested and validated on typical VAV systems involving multiple faults, both in simulation and in-situ tests. A software package is developed as a BMS-assisted automatic commissioning tool based on the FDD strategy. Off-line tests were conducted in both the simulated building and the real building.
KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION ACROSS POSITIVE B AND T CELL CROSSMATCHES (1978)

SUMMARY Cadaveric renal transplants were performed despite a positive conventional crossmatch (usually intermediate positive) resulting from donor-specific B cell lymphocytotoxins (both IgG and IgM) or IgM cold-reactive T cell lymphocytotoxins. Graft survival at 2 months was 72% in the 14 patients with B cell-specific antibodies and 71% in the 7 recipients with T cell antibodies. No correlation was observed between graft rejection and warm (mainly IgG) or cold (IgM) B cell-specific antibodies. These results indicate that not all positive crossmatches are a contraindication to transplantation. Attempts should be made to study the nature of the lymphocytotoxins before withholding the allograft from the recipient. Until recently, transplantation across positive crossmatches was felt to be improper or even unethical, mainly because of the increased risk of hyperacute and accelerated graft rejections (1–3). Several centers, including ours, have now demonstrated that donor-specific lymphocytotoxins directed against B lymphocytes and not T lymphocytes are harmless (4–7). A positive crossmatch for donor T lymphocytes is still felt to be an absolute contraindication to transplantation ( 7). Two main types of lymphocytotoxins have recently been described: (1) those active against HLA antigens, and (2) those active against non-HLA antigens.2 Research in certain disease states has demonstrated the existence of IgM lymphocytotoxins, which as a rule are cold-reactive and reactive against non-HLA antigens present on both B and T cells (8). Investigations in our laboratory, utilizing a modified indirect immunofluores-cent technique to study lymphocytotoxins, have demonstrated that sera from potential recipients with nephritis or on hemo-dialysis commonly have cold-reactive IgM lymphocytotoxins reactive against T and B cells (9). Furthermore, by absorbing these sera against pooled platelets and red blood cells, no appreciable decrease in reactivity was observed, indicating that these IgM lymphocytotoxins were reactive against non-HLA determinants. The important observation that B cell-specific lymphocytotoxins are reactive against non-HLA antigens led us to reexamine the outcome of transplants across a positive T cell crossmatch,3 resulting from such IgM non-HLA-reactive antibodies (10). Second, because of certain controversies regarding the harmfulness of warm (and not cold-reactive) B cell antibodies ( 7), we present data reexamining this issue as well.
The Wireless Remote Control System for Portable X-Ray Machine (2009)

This study proposes a wireless remote control system for portable X-ray machine. This renovated system is based on C/S model, in which both Server and Client are portable computers, and the wireless network cards that suit the 802.11 n protocol are used for communications between Server and Client. In this designed system, the Client sends control commands to the Server through wireless network, and then the Server realizes the control for X-ray machine using a Programming Logic Controller (PLC). Meanwhile, the Server will feed back the real time video image, captured images and operation messages to the Client. To be transferred better, the real time video image was compressed based on H.263 video-compression standard. And the real time video image transmission adopts RTP/RTCP protocol, the control command transmission adopts UDP protocol, and the file transmission adopts TCP protocol. The proposed wireless remote control system basically could meet the request for long-distance control and image transfers in the fields of industrial non-destructive flaw detection.
Microfluidic device for triggered chip transience (2013)

This paper presents the fabrication and testing of a microfluidic device for the triggered destruction (transience) of microchips. The device consists of a thin film array of sealed reservoirs patterned on a polymer film. Each reservoir encloses a corrosive chemical agent which upon release dissolves the surface of a microchip placed beneath. When transience is activated, an integrated micro-heater melts the bottom of the reservoirs thus releasing the chemical agent, which in a matter of minutes destroys key layers on the underlying electronic/sensor chip. Each reservoir consists of a 16 μm-tall cavity holding 1 μL/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of 1000:1 BHF. The measured energy required to burst open a filled reservoir was ~35mJ/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> when the device rests on top of a glass substrate and ~100mJ/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> when the device rests on top of a 0.5 μm-layer of silicon dioxide on a 0.5 mm silicon wafer.
A Treatment for the Acute Migraine Attack (1987)

A compound analgesic/anti-emetic formulation was significantly effective in reducing the severity of acute attacks of migraine, in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial of 34 patients referred to a migraine clinic. The preparation contained paracetamol (acetaminophen) 500 mg, codeine phosphate 8 mg, buclizine hydrochloride 6.25 mg and dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate 10 mg. The dosage was two tablets taken as early as possible in the acute attack. No specific factors could be identified which influenced response to treatment. Patients with a long history of migraine (more than 10 years) responded as well as those with a recent onset of the condition.
Social Media and Emergency Management: Exploring State and Local Tweets (2014)

Social media for emergency management has emerged as a vital resource for government agencies across the globe. In this study, we explore social media strategies employed by governments to respond to major weather-related events. Using social media monitoring software, we analyze how social media is used in six cities following storms in the winter of 2012. We listen, monitor, and assess online discourse available on the full range of social media outlets (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, blogs). To glean further insight, we conduct a survey and extract themes from citizen comments and government's response. We conclude with recommendations on how practitioners can develop social media strategies that enable citizen participation in emergency management.
SKYLAB S-190B ETC PHOTO QUALITY (1976)

Analyses of S190B photographs recorded on high-resolution reconnaissance films during the Skylab missions confirm the excellent performance of the ETC system. Low-contrast resolution values of 30 to 70 lpr/mm, corresponding to ground resolutions of 30 to 15m, are estimated for second-generation photographs distributed to investigators, and maximum scales of 1:50,000 to 1:100,000 are recommended for photomap products prepared from ETC photographs.
Mining scientific data archives through metadata generation (1997)

Data analysis and management tools typically have not supported the documenting of data, so scientists must manually maintain all information pertaining to the context and history of their work. This metadata is critical to effective retrieval and use of the masses of archived data, yet little of it exists on-line or in an accessible format. Exploration of archived legacy data typically proceeds as a laborious process, using commands to navigate through file structures on several machines. This file-at-a-time approach needs to be replaced with a model that represents data as collections of interrelated objects. The tools that support this model must focus attention on data while hiding the complexity of the computational environment. This problem was addressed by developing a tool for exploring large amounts of data in UNIX directories via automatic generation of metadata summaries. This paper describes the model for metadata summaries of collections and the Data Miner tool for interactively traversing directories and automatically generating metadata that serves as a quick overview and index to the archived data. The summaries include thumbnail images as well as links to the data, related directories, and other metadata. Users may personalize the metadata by adding a title and abstract to the summary, which is presented as an HTML page viewed with a World Wide Web browser. We have designed summaries for 3 types of collections of data: contents of a single directory; virtual directories that represent relations between scattered files; and groups of related calculation files. By focusing on the scientists` view of the data mining task, we have developed techniques that assist in the ``detective work `` of mining without requiring knowledge of mundane details about formats and commands. Experiences in working with scientists to design these tools are recounted.
Mechanical gopher-bait applicator for pastures and open fields (1960)

Preliminary field trials with a mechanical bait applicator indicate definite possibilities for a new method of controlling pocket gophers.
[Efficacy of the 96-week adefovir dipivoxil therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. (2010)

Long term ADV antiviral therapy is effective to inhibit HBV DNA replications and benefits patients with chronic hepatits B. Switching to another nucleoside analogue is an optimal alternative if there is no EVR at week 12 in ADV therapy.
Immunoglobulin Absorption in Calf Neonates with Special Considerations of Stress (1980)

The concept that hyperadrenalemia resulting from stress may suppress colostral immunoglobulin absorption or terminate intestinal permeability in the bovine neonate has not been substantiated by objective research. Experiments with exogenous corticosteroids or induction of endogenous secretion of the adrenals have not demonstrated the same effect as in rodents where precocious maturation of intestinal epithelium terminates macromolecular protein absorption. Evidence is given that certain prepartum stressors on the dam may influence colostral immunoglobulin absorption in the calf. High environmental temperature influences colostral immunoglobulin absorption.
An adaptive digital deskewing circuit for clock distribution networks (2002)

As clock frequency in CPU designs increases, skew management in the clock network becomes more important. Clock skew reduces the performance of the design and is a function of load, network distribution across the die, and device mismatch as well as temperature, and voltage gradients. This digital deskewing circuit can be used in microprocessor designs to equalize two clock distribution spines by compensating for these mismatches and gradients. The circuit is composed of delay lines in both spines of the microprocessor clock distribution network, a phase detection circuit, and a controller. The phase detection circuit determines the phase relationship between the two spines and generates an output based on the phase relationship. The controller takes the phase detection information and makes a discrete adjustment to one of the delay lines that was determined by the controller to require adjustment.
High-Dose Cyclophosphamide Without Stem Cell Rescue in 207 Patients With Aplastic Anemia and Other Autoimmune Diseases (2011)

High-dose cyclophosphamide has long been used as an anticancer agent, a conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and a potent immunosuppressive agent in autoimmune diseases including aplastic anemia. High-dose cyclophosphamide is highly toxic to lymphocytes but spares hematopoietic stem cells because of their abundant levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase, the major mechanism of cyclophosphamide inactivation. High-dose cyclophosphamide therapy induces durable remissions in most patients with acquired aplastic anemia. Moreover, high-dose cyclophosphamide without hematopoietic stem cell rescue has shown activity in a variety of other severe autoimmune diseases. Here we review the history of cyclophosphamide as it applies to aplastic anemia and other autoimmune diseases. We include historical data from early patients treated for aplastic anemia as well as data from 140 patients from an observational retrospective study in a single tertiary care hospital. This latter component was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy without stem cell rescue in patients with refractory autoimmune diseases. We analyzed the 140 patients with severe, progressive autoimmune diseases treated. All patients discussed here received cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg per day for 4 consecutive days. Response, relapse, and overall survival were measured. Response was defined as a decrease in disease activity in conjunction with a decrease or elimination of immune-modulating drugs. Relapse was defined as worsening disease activity and/or a requirement for an increase in dose of, or administration of new, immunosuppressive medications. Hematologic recovery occurred in all patients. The overall response rate was 94%, and 44% of those patients remained progression free with a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 1-120 mo) for the 140 patients analyzed together. The overall actuarial and event-free survival across all diseases at 60 months was 90.7% and 20.6%, respectively. High-dose cyclophosphamide without stem cell rescue is well tolerated and induces a high rate of remission in severe autoimmune diseases.
Reconfigurable Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (2004)

The conventional Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SH-WFS) has a fixed subaperture area that is determined by consideration of several parameters such as the average atmospheric coherence diameter r 0 at the telescope site. Its SNR can be severely degraded due to low-light conditions caused by increasing turbulence, strong atmospheric scintillation, or simply viewing a faint object. Typically, the integration time of the sensor is increased to improve the SNR. Unfortunately, a decrease in bandwidth causes an increase in residual wavefront error that reduces image quality. We show that an increase in subaperture area produces a smaller residual wavefront error than an equivalent increase in integration time. Furthermore, we show that the ability to reconfigure the subaperture area, in combination with control bandwidth adjustment, provides superior performance over a system with fixed subaperture area when r 0 is different than the design point. We present a reconfigurable Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (RSH-WFS) with adjustable subaperture area implemented using a phase-modulated liquid crystal device (LCD). Experimental results demonstrate that the RSH-WFS increases system dynamic range by increasing the subaperture diameter whenever the Hartmann spot irradiance falls below the threshold of operation of the conventional SH-WFS.
Type III Secretion System Genes of Dickeya dadantii 3937 Are Induced by Plant Phenolic Acids (2008)

The induction of T3SS expression by OCA and TCA is moderated through the rsmB-RsmA pathway. This is the first report of plant phenolic compounds that induce the expression T3SS genes of plant pathogenic bacteria.
Thermal Analysis of Phase Change Materials With Embedded Graphite Nanofibers for Thermal Management of Electronics (2006)

Phase change materials (PCMs) exhibit excellent thermal storage capacity due to their high latent heat of transformation and have been successfully utilized in small volumes for transient thermal management of electronics. However, their low thermal diffusivity makes it difficult to utilize large volumes of PCMs for transient thermal management of high power density systems. To improve the thermal performance of a paraffin PCM, high thermal conductivity graphite nanofibers are embedded into the paraffin PCM. The thermal effects of graphite fiber loading levels, measured in weight percent, are examined for a 131 cm3 volume cubic system with power loads of 3 and 7 W. It is found that the thermal response of the system improves with increased fiber loading levels.
Customer Development, Innovation, and Decision-Making Biases int he Lean Startup (2014)

This paper reviews current research relevant to new product development, customer development, and the lean startup.Customer development and the lean startup are a new and increasingly used form of entrepreneurship process, which rely on hypothesis testing but not in the traditional sense; the entrepreneur is encouraged to scan the environment, collect information, and form and evaluate educated guesses so as to make accurate judgments and decisions.The present research provides a review of the customer development model for entrepreneurial activities and a critique of this hypothesis testing methodology.We then consider ways in which to improve decision making within the startup via a systematic study of System 1 ( intuition) and System 2 ( reasoned and rational) decision-making styles.This paper has significant implications for entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship support organizations, such as incubators and accelerators, and entrepreneurship educators, all of whom are increasingly practicing and teaching this process.