gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additional antitumor ecteinascidins fromaCaribbean tunicate: Crystal structures andactivities invivo (1992)

ABSTRACT Ecasidim (Ets), isolated from the Ca-ribantunicate Ete cidia tUbta,protect mice i vio against P388lymphoma,B16 m a, M5076o nsar-coma, Lewis lung carcinoma, andthe LX-1 human lungandMX-1hu mamm cdnoma xenografts. Crystal Siruc-turesoftwo tris(tetrahydrolsoqui e)Etswereivesigted with singlecrystalsofthe 21-0-methyl-N 2-formylderivativeofEt 729 and the naturalN2-oxdeof Et 743.Representativesof a additaldassofEts, Et722andEt736, ted fm the same organism, were a ned tetrahydro-1-carboline-substi- tuted bis(ttrahydro qui e) s byNMRandfast atom bombardmentMSspectra.Werecently reported(1-7, §) onecteinascidins (Ets)-interalia, Et 7299 (1), Et743 (2), andtheir derivatives-fromtheCaribbeantunicateEcteinascidiaturbinata,andtwoEts(729and 743) were also described by others (8). Et 729 (1) iscurrentlyundergoing preclinical evaluationfromtheNationalCancerInstituteonthebasisofexceedinglypotentactivityinvivoagainst avariety oftumormodelsin mice(see below).Themajorcomponentofmostpreparations, Et743 (2), andthe others were assigned
Very small oxide-confined vertical microcavity lasers with high-contrast AlGaAs-Al/sub x/O<sub>y</sub> mirrors (1998)

We report the photo-pumped lasing action from a very small oxide-confined 870-nm vertical microcavity lasers with high-contrast AlGaAs-Al/sub x/O/sub y/ mirrors. The effective cavity length is as small as 0.37 μm, and the oxide aperture size is 0.73 μm, estimated from the blue-shift of lasing mode due to the lateral confinement. The observed blue-shift of the lasing mode is 13.4 nm, the largest one ever reported for vertical cavity lasers. The optical losses seem to be size-independent for these small microcavity lasers. Our results indicate the possibility of the ultimate microcavity of order of /spl lambda/ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
Genetic organization of the broad-host-range IncP-1 plasmid R751 (1980)

We have identified regions encoding conjugal transfer, plasmid maintenance, and trimethoprim resistance on the IncP-1 plasmid R751 by complementation tests with cloned deoxyribonucleic acid fragments and self-replicating derivatives constructed in vitro. The genes for replication and transfer show a scattered organization similar to that previously determined for RK2, another IncP-1 plasmid. Derivatives of RK2 are able to complement R751 derivatives defective in these functions. Restriction enzyme cleavage sites in R751 deoxyribonucleic acid are clustered in regions of the plasmid physical map. Neither region is required for plasmid maintenance or transfer, although one determines resistance to trimethoprim. A similar clustering of cleavage sites is seen with RK2, which nevertheless has a very different restriction map.
Luminal ATP stimulates fluid and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> secretion in guinea‐pig pancreatic duct (1999)

1. The location of purinoceptors in the pancreatic duct and their role in regulating ductal secretion have been investigated by applying ATP and UTP to basolateral and luminal surfaces of pancreatic ducts isolated from the guinea-pig pancreas. 2. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration were measured by microfluorometry in microperfused interlobular duct segments. Fluid and HCO3- secretion were estimated by monitoring luminal pH and luminal volume in sealed duct segments microinjected with BCECF-dextran. 3. Both ATP and UTP (1 microM) caused biphasic increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in pancreatic duct cells when applied to either the basolateral or luminal membrane. 4. Luminal application of both ATP and UTP evoked fluid and HCO3- secretion. The maximum response to 1 microM ATP or UTP was about 75 % of that evoked by secretin. By contrast, basolateral application of ATP or UTP inhibited spontaneous secretion by 52 % and 73 %, respectively, and secretin-evoked secretion by 41 % and 38 %, respectively. 5. The data suggest that luminal nucleotides may act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to enhance ductal secretion while basolateral nucleotides, perhaps released from nerve terminals, may have an inhibitory effect. The fact that both apical and basolateral purinoceptors elevate intracellular Ca2+, but that they have opposite effects on secretion, suggests that additional signalling pathways are involved.
Fast calculation of a voltage stability index of power systems (1997)

The minimum singular value of the Jacobian matrix of the load flow equation may have been preferred as an indicator of voltage collapse when the static voltage stability of power systems is studied. In this paper, the authors propose a highly efficient algorithm to calculate the smallest singular value of a Jacobian matrix of the load flow equation by employing the noniterative characteristic of an incremental condition estimation (ICE) method and the sparsity characteristic of large scale power networks. Both theoretical bases and computation costs of the algorithm are also detailed in the context. Finally, a practical application example is also given for demonstration.
La enseñanza de una L3 en el currículo del maestro especialista de lenguas extranjeras (1998)

El articulo que presentamos trata de describir una reflexion en el seno de una situacion real en un momento especifico: la implantacion reciente de los Planes de estudio en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion y en concreto en la especialidad de maestro de Lengua Extranjera. Partimos de una pregunta concreta: ?La inclusion de una segunda lengua extranjera (L3) debe tener como objetivo, ademas de su propio estudio, el de hacer reflexionar al alumno sobre la ensenanza/aprendizaje de las lenguas extranjeras?
Simultaneous Detection of Dual Prostate Specific Antigens Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Immunoassay for Accurate Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer (2017)

Accurate analysis of specific biomarkers in clinical serum is essential for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Here, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based immunoassay, using magnetic beads and SERS nano tags, was developed for the determination of free to total (f/t) prostate specific antigen (PSA) ratio to improve the diagnostic performance of prostate cancer. To assess the clinical applicability of the proposed method, SERS-based assays for the simultaneous detection of dual PSA markers, free PSA (f-PSA) and complexed PSA (c-PSA), were performed for clinical samples in the gray zone between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL. Our assay results for f/t PSA ratio showed a good linear correlation with those measured using the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system installed in the clinical laboratory of the University Hospital. In addition, the simultaneous assay provided better precision than parallel assays for the detection of f-PSA and c-PSA in 13 clinical serum samples. Therefore, our SERS-based assay for simultaneous detection of dual PSA markers in clinical fluids has strong potential for application in the accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Introduction (2004)

The research reported here is a study of language as a means of control and resistance in a prison educational setting. It is based on the linguistic analysis of a Cognitive Skills Programme for prisoners and investigates the role of discourse in the production, reproduction and negotiation of ideology, dominance and power. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), combined with Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), as a framework, this study explores some of the ways in which ideological meanings about offenders may be constructed in spoken and written 'crime-control' discourse.
A unique chromatin complex occupies young α-satellite arrays of human centromeres (2015)

The intractability of homogeneous α-satellite arrays has impeded understanding of human centromeres. Artificial centromeres are produced from higher-order repeats (HORs) present at centromere edges, although the exact sequences and chromatin conformations of centromere cores remain unknown. We use high-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of centromere components followed by clustering of sequence data as an unbiased approach to identify functional centromere sequences. We find that specific dimeric α-satellite units shared by multiple individuals dominate functional human centromeres. We identify two recently homogenized α-satellite dimers that are occupied by precisely positioned CENP-A (cenH3) nucleosomes with two ~100-base pair (bp) DNA wraps in tandem separated by a CENP-B/CENP-C-containing linker, whereas pericentromeric HORs show diffuse positioning. Precise positioning is largely maintained, whereas abundance decreases exponentially with divergence, which suggests that young α-satellite dimers with paired ~100-bp particles mediate evolution of functional human centromeres. Our unbiased strategy for identifying functional centromeric sequences should be generally applicable to tandem repeat arrays that dominate the centromeres of most eukaryotes.
Status of research toward the ITER disruption mitigation system (2014)

An overview of the present status of research toward the final design of the ITER disruption mitigation system (DMS) is given. The ITER DMS is based on massive injection of impurities, in order to radiate the plasma stored energy and mitigate the potentially damaging effects of disruptions. The design of this system will be extremely challenging due to many physics and engineering constraints such as limitations on port access and the amount and species of injected impurities. Additionally, many physics questions relevant to the design of the ITER disruption mitigation system remain unsolved such as the mechanisms for mixing and assimilation of injected impurities during the rapid shutdown and the mechanisms for the subsequent formation and dissipation of runaway electron current.
A world-to-chip socket for microfluidic prototype development (2002)

We report a prototype for a standard connector between a microfluidic chip and the macroworld. This prototype is the first to demonstrate a fully functioning socket for a microchip to access the outside world by means of fluids, data, and energy supply, as well as providing process visibility. It has 20 channels for the input and output of liquids or gases, as well as compressed air or vacuum lines for pneumatic power lines. It also contains 42 pins for electrical signals and power. All these connections were designed in a planar configuration with linear orthogonal arrays. The vertical space was opened for optical measurement and evaluation. The die (29.1 mm x 27.5 mm x 0.9 mm) can be easily mounted and dismounted from the socket. No adhesives or solders are used at any contact points. The pressure limit for the connection of working fluids was 0.2 MPa and the current limit for the electrical connections was 1 A. This socket supports both serial and parallel processing applications. It exhibits great potential for developing microfluidic systems efficiently.
Christian Science (1993)

The Church of Christ, Scientist, began in 1879 in the USA. Its founder, Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910), who suffered a great deal of ill health, experienced personal healing after reading of the healing power of Jesus Christ in the New Testament. In 1875 she published Science and Health, later revised as Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures (both available at Christian Science reading rooms). This book and the Bible form the foundation texts of the faith, which has now spread to some 60 countries. There are about 220 congregations in the UK.
Efficiency limit and example of a photonic solar cell (2011)

Restricting the angular emission characteristics of a solar cell results in a reduction of entropy generation and allows for higher solar cell efficiencies. In this paper, we present the concept of a photonic solar cell which exhibits the combination of a solar cell and a photonic crystal. The basic idea is to structure a solar cell in such a way that the applied structure is a photonic crystal consisting of the solar cell material. The aim of having a solar cell in the form of a photonic crystal is to restrict the emission of the solar cell into certain angles This reduction reduces the radiative losses and results in a higher VOC and, consequently, a higher efficiency of the cell. To calculate the efficiency of a photonic solar cell we introduce an adaptation of the detailed balance approach. This adaptation takes into account the reduced radiative losses due to the presence of a photonic band structure. In the second part of the paper we use this approach to calculate the efficiency for an exemplary system. The exemplary system is an idealized edge filter, similar to a Bragg stack. The idealization concerns the reflection characteristic of this filter and its dependence on the polarization. For this idealized system we calculate an efficiency that exceeds that of a conventional solar cell by up to 2.5% absolute.
What does the food industry require of dairy ingredients? (1984)

Food additives and ingredients, in particular proteins, are increasingly characterized in terms of their functionality rather than their source or composition. Egg, milk and wheat proteins have been the classical functional proteins for centuries, and between them they possess a full range of functional properties. Therefore, when a new protein ingredient is to be launched on to the market, it is essential to have prior knowledge of its functionality. Included in this article is a list of the important functional properties and an indication as to which are important in different foodstuffs.
Both 5' and 3' flanks regulate Zebrafish brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression (2004)

The zebrafish BDNF gene is as complex in its promoter structure and patterns of differential promoter expression as is its murine counterpart. The expression of two of the promoters appears to be regulated in a temporally and/or spatially highly circumscribed fashion. The 3' flank has a position-dependent effect on expression, either by affecting transcription termination or post-transcriptional steps. HCS1, a highly conserved sequence in 5' exon 1c, restricts expression to primary sensory neurons. The tools are now available for detailed genetic and molecular analyses of zebrafish BDNF gene expression.
Tyrosine Kinase c-Src Constitutes a Bridge between Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Channel Failure and MUC1 Overexpression in Cystic Fibrosis (2002)

Cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) chloride channel, is associated in the respiratory system with the accumulation of mucus and impaired lung function. The role of the CFTR channel in the regulation of the intracellular pathways that determine the overexpression of mucin genes is unknown. Using differential display, we have observed the differential expression of several mRNAs that may correspond to putative CFTR-dependent genes. One of these mRNAs was further characterized, and it corresponds to the tyrosine kinase c-Src. Additional results suggest that c-Src is a central element in the pathway connecting the CFTR channel with MUC1 overexpression and that the overexpression of mucins is a primary response to CFTR malfunction in cystic fibrosis, which occurs even in the absence of bacterial infection.
Ways toward an early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease: The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (2005)

With the increasing life expectancy in developed countries, the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and thus its socioeconomic impact are growing. Increasing knowledge over the last years about the pathomechanisms involved in AD allow for the development of specific treatment strategies aimed at slowing down or even preventing neuronal death in AD. However, this requires also that (1) AD can be diagnosed with high accuracy, because non-AD dementias would not benefit from an AD-specific treatment; (2) AD can be diagnosed in very early stages when any intervention would be most effective; and (3) treatment efficacy can be reliably and meaningfully monitored. Although there currently is no ideal biomarker that would fulfill all these requirements, there is increasing evidence that a combination of currently existing neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers can provide important complementary information and thus contribute to a more accurate and earlier diagnosis of AD. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is exploring which combinations of these biomarkers are the most powerful for diagnosis of AD and monitoring of treatment effects.
Amino Acid Sequences of Insulins (1972)

The amino acid sequences of insulins determined to date are summarized. Guinea pig, coypu and rat insulins are discussed in particular.
Anti-CD33 chimeric antigen receptor targeting of acute myeloid leukemia (2014)

Current therapies for acute myeloid leukemia are associated with high failure and relapse rates. Adoptive immunotherapies, which have shown promise in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, have the potential to target acute myeloid leukemia through pathways that are distinct and complementary to current approaches. Here, we describe the development of a novel adoptive immunotherapy specific for this disease. We generated a second generation CD33-specific chimeric antigen receptor capable of redirecting cytolytic effector T cells against leukemic cells. CD33 is expressed in approximately 90% of acute myeloid leukemia cases and has demonstrated utility as a target of therapeutic antibodies. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells efficiently killed leukemia cell lines and primary tumor cells in vitro. The anti-leukemia effect was CD33-specific, mediated through T-cell effector functions, and displayed tumor lysis at effector:target ratios as low as 1:20. Furthermore, the CD33-redirected T cells were effective in vivo, preventing the development of leukemia after prophylactic administration and delaying the progression of established disease in mice. These data provide pre-clinical validation of the effectiveness of a second-generation anti-CD33 chimeric antigen receptor therapy for acute myeloid leukemia, and support its continued development as a clinical therapeutic.
Evaluating jukebox performance (1997)

Thanks to their low cost and high capacity, jukebox CD-ROM systems are becoming popular mass storage devices for multi-user computer systems. As their name suggests, they hold many disks, and they usually play several at a time, with a robotic handler moving the disks between the disk store and disk drive or drives. Meanwhile, numerous manufacturers are producing devices in many shapes and sizes, with different numbers of disks, different disk capacities, and different numbers and types of drives. Hence an interesting and important problem: how to compare them. More particularly, which factors should get the most weight when the need is to evaluate the performance of competitive products in various situations? At present, the specifications for CD-ROM jukeboxes are few and far between and mostly apply to the individual drives within the jukebox system, rather than to the system as a whole.
Does Fluoroscopy Improve Acetabular Component Placement in Total Hip Arthroplasty? (2014)

Level III, therapeutic study. See the Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Dynamic Model of Wormhole Formation Demonstrates Conditions for Effective Skin Reduction During Carbonate Matrix Acidizing (2000)

Abstract The success of carbonate stimulation treatments is highly dependent upon the formation of conductive flow channels, or wormholes. Success requires wormhole formation during matrix acidizing treatments and lack thereof during fracture acidizing treatments. The structure of the wormhole channels, which varies significantly with flow conditions and acid/mineral properties, ultimately controls the effectiveness of a stimulation treatment. This paper describes a dynamic model of wormhole formation that accounts for wormhole structure based on the Damköhler number. It addresses the issue of scaling laboratory data to the field by including the effects of fluid loss and wormhole competition. The model predicts skin evolution based on basic input parameters and is used to demonstrate matrix acidizing strategies for optimum skin reduction with several acid systems. The results demonstrate that, under typical treatment conditions, conventional matrix treatments with straight HCl cause face dissolution and provide little reduction of skin. Under the same conditions, alternative fluids such as weak acids and emulsified HCl create dominant wormhole structures that penetrate deep into the formation. While these fluids are more effective than straight HCl (especially at high temperatures and low injection rates), additional injection strategies can be used to increase the depth of penetration and, in turn, improve skin reduction. Injection strategies such as increasing the injection rate or decreasing the rate of dissolution (by changing the fluid properties) promote deeper penetration of wormholes. These injection strategies rely on maintaining an optimum Damköhler number for effective wormhole formation during matrix stimulation treatments. The model also applies to the selection of fluid properties to control wormhole formation during fracture acidizing treatments.
Calcium-Regulated Phosphorylation Within the Leucine Zipper of C/EBPβ (1992)

Alterations in intracellular calcium levels activate several signal transduction pathways resulting in distinct patterns of gene expression. Here, a pathway for calcium-mediated signals is demonstrated that involves C/EBP beta, a member of the bZip family of transcription factors. In pituitary cells C/EBP beta was phosphorylated in response to increased intracellular calcium concentrations as a consequence of the activation of a calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Phosphorylation of serine at position 276 within the leucine zipper of C/EBP beta appeared to confer calcium-regulated transcriptional stimulation of a promoter that contained binding sites for C/EBP beta.
Randomised trial of two pharmacological methods of bowel preparation for day case colonoscopy (1999)

All bowel preparation methods have limitations and unpleasant side effects but the use of Picolax and clear fluids proved superior to bisacodyl tablets and a phosphate enema in children undergoing day case colonoscopy.
Monomode fibre polarisation scrambler (1987)

A technique for the pseudodepolarisation of a long-coherence-length source is described, which is based on a simple polarisation modulation scheme. Using a length of high-birefringence fibre wound on to a piezoelectric transducer, a simple all-fibre polarisation scrambler can be constructed.