gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-12p40 and IL-18 Modulate Inflammatory and Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (2004)

Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis has been linked to the development of allergy and atopic asthma. IL-12 and possibly IL-18 are central mediators orchestrating Th1 and/or Th2 immune responses to infection. To determine a possible role for IL-12 in regulating the immune response to acute respiratory syncytial virus infection, IL-12p40 gene-targeted (IL-12p40−/−) and wild-type mice were intratracheally infected with respiratory syncytial virus, and lung inflammatory and immune responses were assessed. Lung inflammation and mucus production were increased in the airways of IL-12p40−/− mice as compared with those of wild-type mice, concurrent with increased levels of the Th2 effector cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. Respiratory syncytial virus clearance and levels of Th1 effector cytokine IFN-γ were not altered. Interestingly, IL-18, another mediator of IFN-γ production, was significantly increased in the lungs of IL-12p40−/− mice early during the course of infection. Abrogation of IL-18-mediated signaling in IL-12p40−/− mice further enhanced Th2 immune response and mucus production in the airways during respiratory syncytial virus infection but failed to modulate IFN-γ production or viral clearance. These findings implicate a role for IL-12 and IL-18 in modulating respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway inflammation distinct from that of viral clearance.
Cross-linking of glycated collagen in the pathogenesis of arterial and myocardial stiffening of aging and diabetes (2003)

The normal aging process is often accompanied by arterial wall stiffening and by a decrease in myocardial compliance. These processes contribute to isolated systolic hypertension and diastolic heart failure, which lead to substantial morbidity and mortality among older individuals. Patients with diabetes manifest arterial stiffening and diastolic dysfunction at a younger age. This leads to the concept that the mechanism that underlies changes in vascular mechanical properties during aging is accelerated in diabetes. The Maillard reaction or advanced glycation of proteins occurs slowly in vivo with normal aging and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that form during the Maillard reaction are implicated in the complications of aging and diabetes. The formation of AGEs on vascular wall and myocardial collagen causes cross-linking of collagen molecules to each other. This leads to the loss of collagen elasticity, and subsequently a reduction in arterial and myocardial compliance. Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of AGE formation, is effective in slowing or preventing arterial stiffening and myocardial diastolic dysfunction in aging and diabetic animals. In aged and diabetic animals, agents that can chemically break pre-existing cross-linking of collagen molecules are capable of reverting indices of vascular and myocardial compliance to levels seen in younger or non-diabetic animals. These studies suggest that collagen cross-linking is a major mechanism that governs aging and diabetes-associated loss of vascular and cardiac compliance. The development of AGEs cross-link breakers may have important role for future therapy of isolated systolic hypertension and diastolic heart failure in these conditions.
An in-situ temperature measurement system for DUV lithography (2003)

Spatial uniformity of temperature across a silicon wafer is an important requirement during the post-exposure bake step of the deep-ultra-violet lithography process. Closed-loop temperature control provides a means by which the stringent temperature specifications can be achieved, provided that accurate feedback signal is available. As each new wafer is loaded for processing, its level of thermal contact with the temperature sensor may vary, leading to erroneous measurement of the wafer temperature. Such variation in thermal contact manifests itself as changes in the time constant of the sensor. This paper describes a method for in-situ estimation of the sensor parameters, and proposes an algorithm for post-processing the sensor output to improve measurement accuracy. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in improving the accuracy of the feedback signal, thereby reducing the undesirable influence of poor thermal contact on the performance of the closed-loop temperature control system.
Modelling and Managing SSD Write-amplification (2015)

How stable is the performance of your flash-based Solid State Drives (SSDs)? This question is central for database designers and administrators, cloud service providers, and SSD constructors. The answer depends on write-amplification, i.e., garbage collection overhead. More specifically, the answer depends on how write-amplification evolves in time. How then can one model and manage write-amplification, especially when application workloads change? This is the focus of this paper. Managing write-amplification boils down to managing the surplus physical space, called over-provisioned space. Modern SSDs essentially separate the physical space into several partitions, based on the update frequency of the pages they contain, and divide the over-provisioned space among the groups so as to minimize write-amplification. We introduce Wolf, a block manager that allocates over-provisioned space to SSD partitions using a near-optimal closed-form expression, based on the sizes and update frequencies of groups of pages. Our evaluation shows that Wolf is robust to workloads change, with an improvement factor of 2 with respect to the state-of-the-art. We also show that Wolf performs comparably and even slightly better than the state of the art with stable workloads (over 20% improvement with a TPC-C workload).
Stability of phenobarbital sodium diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection (1986)

The stability of phenobarbital sodium diluted to 10 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was studied at an unadjusted pH (8.5) and an adjusted pH (10.0) at 4 degrees C over a four-week period. The phenobarbital concentrations were measured before dilution and at 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days using high-performance liquid chromatography. The observed phenobarbital concentrations ranged from 98.0 to 106.0% of initial concentration at the unadjusted pH and from 96.7 to 108.5% of initial concentration at the adjusted pH. The diluted phenobarbital sodium was stable over a four-week period at 4 degrees C without the need for pH adjustment.
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO A HYBRID PROTEIN MOLECULE (1967)

Upon immunization with LDH-III (subunit composition AABB) rabbits produce anti-A and anti-B antibodies in comparable amounts. These antibodies fit equally well to the hybrid enzyme and to LDH-V (AAAA) or LDH-I (BBBB) respectively, as tested by passive hemagglutination inhibition. No antibodies reacting with both LDH-I and LDH-V were detected. A minority of hybrid-specific antibodies was, however, present in the sera. Animals primed with LDH-III respond regularly to a boosting injection of LDH-V with the production of large amounts of anti-A (but not anti-B) antibodies. A similar injection of LDH-I stimulates (if it has any effect at all) the production of anti-B antibodies only. Stimulation with one of the pure types does not impair a subsequent response to the other. The majority of the animals primed with LDH-III responded not at all or weakly to a boosting injection of LDH-I, though antibodies to LDH-I were present in the sera at the time of stimulation. This effect can hardly be explained on the basis of serological sepcificity. Hyporesponsiveness to LDH-III can be induced by injection of LDH-V into the newborn. Both anti-A and anti-B titers are equally depressed. Within the dose range tested, LDH-I does not exert any tolerogenic action with respect to LDH-III. The carrier property of subunit A is evident in the induction of both immunity and tolerance to LDH-III. The early phase of the immune response to the hybrid enzyme may be carrier-specific, and receptors for the haptenic subunit B may not exist at that stage.
Optimal Rendezvous L-Algorithms for Asynchronous Mobile Robots with External-Lights (2019)

We study the Rendezvous problem for two autonomous mobile robots in asynchronous settings with persistent memory called light. It is well known that Rendezvous is impossible in a basic model when robots have no lights, even if the system is semi-synchronous. On the other hand, Rendezvous is possible if robots have lights of various types with a constant number of colors. If robots can observe not only their own lights but also other robots' lights, their lights are called full-light. If robots can only observe the state of other robots' lights, the lights are called external-light. This paper focuses on robots with external-lights in asynchronous settings and a particular class of algorithms called L-algorithms, where an L-algorithm computes a destination based only on the current colors of observable lights. When considering L-algorithms, Rendezvous can be solved by robots with full-lights and three colors in general asynchronous settings (called ASYNC) and the number of colors is optimal under these assumptions. In contrast, there exist no L-algorithms in ASYNC with external-lights regardless of the number of colors. In this paper, extending the impossibility result, we show that there exist no L-algorithms in so-called LC-1-Bounded ASYNC with external-lights regardless of the number of colors, where LC-1-Bounded ASYNC is a proper subset of ASYNC and other robots can execute at most one Look operation between the Look operation of a robot and its subsequent Compute operation. We also show that LC-1-Bounded ASYNC is the minimal subclass in which no L-algorithms with external-lights exist. That is, Rendezvous can be solved by L-algorithms using external-lights with a finite number of colors in LC-0-Bounded ASYNC (equivalently LC-atomic ASYNC). Furthermore, we show that the algorithms are optimal in the number of colors they use.
A computer vision system to detect diving cases in soccer (2018)

Recently, motion analysis systems have been getting a lot of attention due to their potential in human motion analysis, which has a wide range of applications. One of these applications is analyzing tackle scenes in soccer games. In a tackle scene, players occasionally tend to deceive the referee by intentionally falling to get a free or penalty kick. In this paper, we propose a system to program human body tracking in order to analyze tackle scenes in soccer games. The main idea behind this system is to determine whether the falling player in the tackle scene is attempting to deceive the referee (diving) or not. In this system, the tackle scene goes through five main stages of processing; identification of the falling player, extraction of tracking points, motion tracking, features extraction and scene classification. The tracking component is implemented using Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi optical flow with the aid of pyramid levels and forward-backward error algorithm, while the classification is carried out using Weka software with Naive Bayes tree (NB tree) classifier. The proposed system is implemented and its performance is experimentally tested. The results show a potential to detect diving cases (deceiving in falling), with a classification accuracy of 84%.
Mithramycin Analogues Generated by Combinatorial Biosynthesis Show Improved Bioactivity (2008)

Plasmid pLNBIV was used to overexpress the biosynthetic pathway of nucleoside-diphosphate (NDP)-activated l-digitoxose in the mithramycin producer Streptomyces argillaceus. This led to a "flooding" of the biosynthetic pathway of the antitumor drug mithramycin (MTM) with NDP-activated deoxysugars, which do not normally occur in the pathway, and consequently to the production of the four new mithramycin derivatives 1- 4 with altered saccharide patterns. Their structures reflect that NDP sugars produced by pLNBIV, namely, l-digitoxose and its biosynthetic intermediates, influenced the glycosyl transfer to positions B, D, and E, while positions A and C remained unaffected. All four new structures have unique, previously not found sugar decoration patterns, which arise from either overcoming the substrate specificity or inhibition of certain glycosyltransferases (GTs) of the MTM pathway with the foreign NDP sugars expressed by pLNBIV. An apoptosis TUNEL (=terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) assay revealed that compounds 1 (demycarosyl-3D-beta- d-digitoxosyl-MTM) and 3 (deoliosyl-3C-beta- d-mycarosyl-MTM) show improved activity (64.8 +/- 2% and 50.3 +/- 2.5% induction of apoptosis, respectively) against the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 compared with the parent drug MTM (37.8 +/- 2.5% induction of apoptosis). In addition, compounds 1 and 4 (3A-deolivosyl-MTM) show significant effects on the ER-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-231 (63.6 +/- 2% and 12.6 +/- 2.5% induction of apoptosis, respectively), which is not inhibited by the parent drug MTM itself (2.6 +/- 1.5% induction of apoptosis), but for which chemotherapeutic agents are urgently needed.
Patient pain and tissue trauma during syringe procedures: a randomized controlled trial. (2008)

Inadequate control of needle and syringe during physician-performed syringe procedures is an important cause of trauma to patient tissues resulting in hemorrhage, increased patient pain, and decreased aspirate yield. The RPD -- a safety device that improves needle control and decreases needle trauma to tissues -- reduces hemorrhage and improves the safety, outcome, and aspirate yield of physician-performed syringe procedures.
20 Years of Cu BEOL in manufacturing, and its future prospects (2017)

This year marks the 20th anniversary of IBM's announcement of its impending plans to insert CMOS/Cu BEOL technology into production, and its having shipped the first functional CPU prototypes. The subsequent manufacturing ramp in mid-1998 provided the first commercial IC chips with Cu BEOL. This invited paper covers the timeline of this technology, with its key defining elements, subsequent innovations, and likely future directions. The original, basic features of this technology have endured to this day, though with many evolutionary improvements. But now, in its 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> generation of manufacturing, and 12 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> in research, we are finally seeing changes beyond evolutionary. The replacement of Cu metal for the finest wiring levels may occur over the next 1-3 nodes.
Extrapleural Bupivacaine for Amelioration of Multiple Rib Fracture Pain (1995)

These results confirm that an indwelling intercostal catheter provides a continuous nerve block resulting in a simple, safe procedure that can ameliorate the pain and splinting associated with multiple rib fractures. Although we experienced no complications, additional investigation is clearly needed.
Information modelling of EDIF (1993)

Article Information modelling of EDIF Share on Authors: Rachel Y. W. Lau View Profile , Hilary J. Kahn View Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '93: Proceedings of the 30th international Design Automation ConferenceJuly 1993 Pages 278–283https://doi.org/10.1145/157485.164892Online:01 July 1993Publication History 2citation237DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads237Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
New Approaches to the Modulation of the Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-Lipoxygenase Pathways (2007)

The eicosanoid family comprises a number of biologically active lipid mediators involved in the regulation of inflammation and cancer cell growth. Eicosanoid biosynthesis is usually initiated by the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from membrane phospholipids in response to the interaction of a phospholipase-A(2) (PLA(2)) stimulus with a receptor on the cell membrane. The free released AA is subsequently metabolized by three major enzymatic pathways: the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LO) and cytochrome P450-dependent pathways. The COX pathway transforms AA into prostaglandins (PGs) and is of particular clinical relevance because it is the main target for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Of interest, COX-2, one of the two COX isoforms, is primarily involved in inflammation and cancer and for this reason selective COX-2 inhibitors have been developed. The efficacy of these compounds is similar to that of traditional NSAIDs but with a lower risk of gastrointestinal toxicity and bleeding. On the other hand, emerging information has recognized the role of other AA metabolites derived from the 5-LO pathway, the leukotrienes (LTs), in mediating and maintaining inflammation. Consequently, drugs able to inhibit 5-LO are now included among the effective pharmacological therapies, especially in asthma and allergic inflammation. Moreover, COX-2 and 5-LO pathways appear to act in parallel in the regulation of cell proliferation and neo-angiogenesis and both COX-2 and 5-LO inhibitors are being investigated as potential anticancer drugs. This review article will update the progress achieved in the knowledge of COX-2 and 5-LO and discuss the emerging approaches for the pharmacological modulation of these pathways.
Two Analog Counters for Neural Networks Implementation (1990)

Analog counters are an attractive building block for Artificial Neural Networks circuits, either for weight representation or for statistical learning algorithms. We give two schemes for such counters, which feature different design trade offs. Model, simulation and test results are presented.
Sources of variation in baseline gene expression levels from toxicogenomics study control animals across multiple laboratories (2008)

The study factors that emerged as key sources of variability included gender, organ section, strain, and fasting state. These and other study factors were identified as key descriptors that should be included in the minimal information about a toxicogenomics study needed for interpretation of results by an independent source. Genes that are the most and least variable, gender-selective, or altered by fasting were also identified and functionally categorized. Better characterization of gene expression variability in control animals will aid in the design of toxicogenomics studies and in the interpretation of their results.
NASA General Aviation Research Overview-1975 (1975)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An overview of the 1975 NASA Research and Technology efforts directly focused on general aviation is presented. Current status and accomplishments during the past year are described. An updated bibliography of technical reports generated by the NASA program, including seven recently declassified reports on airplane noise reduction, is included as an Appendix to this report.</div>
Generation <i>in vitro</i> of ebv‐induced specific cytotoxic T cells in autologous serum avoids complications due to self‐preferred foetal calf serum‐specific t‐cell cytotoxicity (1981)

A previous report has established that in cultures of human mononuclear leukocytes, foetal calf serum (FCS) is capable of generating high levels of T cells preferentially cytotoxic for the autologous lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). The present study compared the capacity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to generate cytotoxic T cells in cultures of mononuclear cells grown in FCS in this system. Five EBV-seropositive and three seronegative donors were used and cultures were harvested at 14 days. With cultures from seropositive donors, whether grown in FCS or in autologous serum, EBV infection generated T cells cytotoxic for the autologous LCL; the response in uninfected control cultures was markedly lower. With seronegative donor cultures grown in FCS, there was virtually no difference in the capacity of T cells generated in infected or uninfected cultures to lyse the autologous LCL. Moreover, cells from seronegative donors cultured in human serum gave no detectable lysis of autologous LCL in either infected or uninfected cultures, clearly showing the absence of a response to EBV. This evidence shows that it is possible to distinguish the generation of specific cytotoxic T cells by FCS from generation by EBV, and with certain donors the apparently EBV-induced response may actually include a significant component induced by FCS in the medium. The cytotoxicity patterns of EBV-induced and FCS-induced T cells for autologous and allogeneic LCL targets showed a degree of parallelism, stressing the need for caution in interpretation of data obtained from cultures using FCS.
A new recurrent translocation, t(5;11)(q35;p15.5), associated with del(5q) in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. The UK Cancer Cytogenetics Group (UKCCG) (1999)

Partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5, del(5q), is the cytogenetic hallmark of the 5q-syndrome, a distinct subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory anemia (MDS-RA). Deletions of 5q also occur in the full spectrum of other de novo and therapy-related MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) types, most often in association with other chromosome abnormalities. However, the loss of genetic material from 5q is believed to be of primary importance in the pathogenesis of all del(5q) disorders. In the present study, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies using a chromosome 5-specific whole chromosome painting probe and a 5q subtelomeric probe to determine the incidence of cryptic translocations. We studied archival fixed chromosome suspensions from 36 patients with myeloid disorders (predominantly MDS and AML) and del(5q) as the sole abnormality. In 3 AML patients studied, this identified a translocation of 5q subtelomeric sequences from the del(5q) to the short arm of an apparently normal chromosome 11. FISH with chromosome 11-specific subtelomeric probes confirmed the presence of 11p on the shortened 5q. Further FISH mapping confirmed that the 5q and 11p translocation breakpoints were the same in all 3 cases, between the nucleophosmin (NPM1) and fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4) genes on 5q35 and the Harvey ras-1-related gene complex (HRC) and the radixin pseudogene (RDPX1) on 11p15.5. Importantly, all 3 patients with the cryptic t(5;11) were children: a total of 3 of 4 AML children studied. Two were classified as AML-M2 and the third was classified as M4. All 3 responded poorly to treatment and had short survival times, ranging from 10 to 18 months. Although del(5q) is rare in childhood AML, this study indicates that, within this subgroup, the incidence of cryptic t(5;11) may be high. It is significant that none of the 24 MDS patients studied, including 11 confirmed as having 5q-syndrome, had the translocation. Therefore, this appears to be a new nonrandom chromosomal translocation, specifically associated with childhood AML with a differentiated blast cell phenotype and the presence of a del(5q).