gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Annotating Java libraries in support of whole-program optimization (2002)

Optimizing just-in-time compilation of Java programs depends on information gained from state-of-the-art program analysis techniques. To avoid extensive analysis at program execution time, analysis results for the available parts of a program can be precomputed at compile time and then combined at runtime. Program analyses operate on isolated program modules like libraries and annotate them with information that can be post-processed efficiently. We have applied this approach to several concrete analysis problems and have analyzed real world Java libraries and application programs. The precomputed information shows low complexity and benign dependency structures that allow for fast composition and effective optimization at runtime.
Linear-eddy modelling of turbulent transport. Part 6. Microstructure of diffusive scalar mixing fields (1991)

The linear-eddy approach for modelling molecular mixing in turbulent flow involves stochastic simulation on a one-dimensional domain with sufficient resolution to include all physically relevant lengthscales. In each realization, molecular diffusion is implemented deterministically, punctuated by a sequence of instantaneous, statistically independent ‘rearrangement events’ (measure-preserving maps) representing turbulent stirring. These events emulate the effect of compressive strain on the scalar field. An inertial-range similarity law is incorporated. The model reproduces key features of scalar power spectra, including dependences of spectra! amplitudes and transition wavenumbers on Reynolds and Schmidt numbers. Computed scaling exponents governing scalar power spectra, higher-order fluctuation statistics such as structure functions, and the spatial distribution of scalar level crossings are close to measured exponents. It is inferred that the characterization of stirring as a sequence of independent events (the model analogue of eddies) leads to a useful representation of mixing-field microstructure.
Learning to Map Sentences to Logical Form: Structured Classification\n with Probabilistic Categorial Grammars (2012)

This paper addresses the problem of mapping natural language sentences to\nlambda-calculus encodings of their meaning. We describe a learning algorithm\nthat takes as input a training set of sentences labeled with expressions in the\nlambda calculus. The algorithm induces a grammar for the problem, along with a\nlog-linear model that represents a distribution over syntactic and semantic\nanalyses conditioned on the input sentence. We apply the method to the task of\nlearning natural language interfaces to databases and show that the learned\nparsers outperform previous methods in two benchmark database domains.\n
Hydrogen Reduction of Germanium Dioxide (1972)

Hydrogen reduction of germanium dioxide was studied by means of a thermobalance in pure hydrogen, a mixture of hydrogen and argon, and cracked ammonia gas. The initiation temperature was about 450°C and sublimation of GeO was increased remarkably above 650°C. The reduction curves were the sigmoid type characteristic of the autocatalytic reaction.The incubation time was shortened with increase in temperature and partial pressure of hydrogen. In the main reduction period ranging about 10 to 90% reduction, the formula of interface reaction {1−(1-R)1⁄3}=Kt was valid, and the activation energy was 18.4 kcal/mol. According to the dimensionless time analysis, the effect of gas diffusion through the product layer was found to be added in the final period.A linear relation was obtained between reduction rate and partial pressure of hydrogen, and a slower reaction rate than in the mixture of hydrogen and argon was found in cracked ammonia gas. Furthermore, the experimental results were in good agreement with the Eyring theory.
Microwave magnetostatic delay devices based on epitaxial yttrium iron garnet (1976)

Low-loss magnetostatic wave (MSW) propagation in epitaxial yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films allows the development of a technology which is complementary to that of surface acoustic waves (SAW's), but capable of operation in the microwave range from 1 to greater than 12 GHz. Experimental low-loss dispersive and nondispersive tapped delay lines are described. Future developments of MSW's involving signal routing by etched waveguides and periodic resonator structures are discussed, and the properties of MSW's at microwave frequencies are compared with those of SAW's at VHF/UHF.
Comparative Biocidal Efficacy vs. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (1992)

Abstract A number of antimicrobial compounds commonly used in cooling water, paper making, and oil field systems were evaluated for their ability to control both sessile and planktonic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). While all the biocides tested are known to be effective against common planktonic general aerobic bacteria (GAB), most were unable to control either planktonic or sessile SRB. In addition, the effect of low levels of sulfide, a SRB by-product, on biocide efficacy was examined.
Die Entwicklung des Kindergartens in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone bis zur Gründung der DDR — Neuanfang zwischen Dogmatismus und Demokratisierung (1994)

Die Vorschulerziehung der DDR ist nicht erst seit der Wende Thema der Forschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, sondern spätestens seit Mitte der fünfziger Jahre eine Disziplin in der vergleichenden Bildungsforschung. Ohne auf die unterschiedlichen Ansätze zur Erklärung des DDR-Bildungssystems in den alten Bundesländern näher einzugehen (siehe dazu Anweiler 1990, S. 2f.), so sei hier doch darauf hingewiesen, daß alle Theorien die eingeschränkte Quellenlage vor der Öffnung der Grenze miteinander verbindet. In dieser Hinsicht ist mit der Öffnung der Archive in den fünf neuen Ländern eine entscheidende Veränderung eingetreten. Es besteht nun nicht nurmehr die Möglichkeit, auf zensierte Veröffentlichungen aus DDR-Zeiten zurückzugreifen, sondern unveröffentlichte Archivmaterialien hinzuzuziehen. Dieses ermöglicht auch eine intensivere Untersuchung der Nachkriegszeit und der Rolle der Sowjetischen Militäradministration Deutschlands (SMAD) im Umstrukturierungsprozeß des Kindergartensystems. Erste Ergebnisse dazu enthalten die folgenden Ausführungen.
Zeitaufgelöste IR-thermographische Detektion und Screening von enantioselektiven katalytischen Reaktionen (1998)

Mühelos verfolgen lassen sich Lipase- und Übergangsmetall-katalysierte asymmetrische Veresterungen [Gl. (1)] bzw. Öffnungen von Epoxiden [Gl.(2)] durch IR-Thermographie. Damit ist eine neue Methode einsatzreif, die das Screening von Katalysatoraktivitäten und Enantioselektivitäten ermöglicht.
Adaptive flow-field measurements using digital holography (2017)

Variations of the optical detection path-length in image correlation based flow-field measurements result in strong errors in position allocation and thus lead to a strong enhancement of the measurement uncertainty of the velocity. In this contribution we use digital holography to measure the wavefront distortion induced by fluctuating phase boundary, employing spatially extended guide stars. The measured phase information is used to correct the influence of the phase boundary in the detection path employing a spatial light modulator. We analyze the potential of guide stars that are reflected by the phase boundary, i.e. the Fresnel reflex, and transmitted. Our results show, that the usage of wavefront shaping enables to strongly reduce the measurement uncertainty and to strongly improve the quality of image correlation based flow-field measurements. The approaches presented here are not limited to application in flow measurement, but could be useful for a variety of applications.
VEGF-specific Short Hairpin RNA–expressing Oncolytic Adenovirus Elicits Potent Inhibition of Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth (2007)

RNA interference is being developed to treat cancer. Although highly target specific, its use has been limited by its short duration of expression. To overcome this shortcoming, we constructed an oncolytic adenovirus (Ad)-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression system (Ad-DeltaB7-shVEGF) against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator in angiogenesis. To demonstrate the VEGF-specific nature of this Ad-based shRNA, replication-incompetent Ad expressing VEGF-specific shRNA (Ad-DeltaE1-shVEGF) was also generated. Ad-DeltaE1-shVEGF was highly effective in reducing VEGF expression, and elicited an antiangiogenic effect in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, Ad-DeltaB7-shVEGF exhibited potent antiangiogenic effects in the matrigel plug assay. Moreover, Ad-DeltaB7-shVEGF demonstrated a greater antitumor effect and enhanced survival compared to the cognate control oncolytic Ad, Ad-DeltaB7. Ad-DeltaB7-shVEGF induced significant reduction in tumor vasculature, verifying the antiangiogenic mechanism. Furthermore, both the duration and magnitude of gene silencing by Ad-DeltaB7-shVEGF was greater than Ad-DeltaE1-shVEGF. These results suggest that the combined effects of oncolytic viral therapy and cancer cell-specific expression of VEGF-targeted shRNA elicits greater antitumor effect than an oncolytic Ad alone.
Model-Based Systems Engineering for the Design and Development of Complex Aerospace Systems (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The complexity of modern aerospace vehicles is growing constantly. New technologies create opportunities for higher levels of integration. Modern vehicles contain a larger number of components that interact with each other in non-linear and often unpredictable ways. Unintended interactions lead to unexpected behaviors and consequences, some of which have proven to be catastrophic. A key technical challenge in developing such complex systems is to ensure that catastrophic subsystem and component interactions are well understood and contained prior to full-scale development.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">To address these challenges, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is investing in novel methods for design and verification of complex systems. The META program is specifically aimed at compressing the timeline for product development and deployment of complex defense systems, through model-based design and manufacturing. Using the META design paradigm, different component model libraries can be used to instantiate, analyze, and verify a system design independent of its physical manifestation. The goal is to establish a “correct-by-construction” design prior to detailed design and prototyping.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a model-based system-engineering framework that we developed as part of the META program. This framework enables architectural synthesis and analysis of complex systems during the conceptual design phase. Using this framework, design teams can systematically explore architectural design decisions during the early stage of system development before selecting specific components. The analysis performed at this earliest stage of design facilitates the development of more robust and reliable system architectures. In this paper, we describe the proposed framework and present its application to the design of a representative aerospace electrical power system (EPS).</div></div>
Accessing dynamic web page in users language (2011)

In recent years, there is a rapid advancement in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). However, the explosive growth of ICT and its many applications in education, health, agriculture etc. are confined to a limited number of privileged people who have both language and digital literacy. At present the repositories in Internet are mainly in English, as a consequence users unfamiliar to English are not able to get benefits from Internet. Although many enterprises like Google have addressed this problem by providing translation engines but they have their own limitations. One major limitation is that translation engines fail to translate the dynamic content of the web pages which are written in English in web server database. We address the problem in this work and propose a user friendly interface mechanism through which a user can interact to any web services in Internet. We illustrate the access of Indian Railway Passenger Reservation System and interaction with Wikipedia English Website signifying the efficacy of the proposed mechanism as two case studies.
Insecticidal Components from Field Pea Extracts:  Sequences of Some Variants of Pea Albumin 1b (2004)

Methanol soluble insecticidal peptides with masses of 3752, 3757, and 3805 Da, isolated from crude extracts (C8 extracts) derived from the protein-enriched flour of commercial field peas [Pisum sativum (L.)], were purified by reversed phase chromatography and, after reduction and alkylation, were sequenced by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry with the aid of various peptidases. These major peptides were variants of pea albumin 1b (PA1b) with methionine sulfoxide rather than methionine at position 12. Peptide 3752 showed additional variations at positions 29 (valine for isoleucine) and 34 (histidine for asparagine). A minor, 37 amino acid peptide with a molecular mass of 3788 Da was also sequenced and differed from a known PA1b variant at positions 1, 25, and 31. Sequence variants of PA1b with their molecular masses were compiled, and variants that matched the accurate masses of the experimental peptides were used to narrow the search. MALDI postsource decay experiments on pronase fragments helped to confirm the sequences. Whole and dehulled field peas gave insecticidal C8 extracts in the laboratory that were enriched in peptides with masses of 3736, 3741, and 3789 Da, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. It was therefore concluded that oxidation of the methionine residues to methionine sulfoxide occurred primarily during the processing of dehulled peas in a mill.
Marked anti-tumour activity of the combination of YM155, a novel survivin suppressant, and platinum-based drugs (2010)

These results suggest that YM155 sensitises tumour cells to platinum compounds both in vitro and in vivo, and that this effect is likely attributable to the inhibition of DNA repair and consequent enhancement of apoptosis.
Test methods for quantifying the propensity of cigarettes to ignite soft furnishings (1993)

Cigarette ignition of soft furnishings (upholstered furniture and mattresses) continues to be the leading cause of fire deaths in the United States. In 1990, the nation experienced 1220 lost lives, 3358 serious civilian injuries, and $400 million in direct property loss from 44,000 cigarette-initiated fires in structures. This publication describes the research performed and the results obtained in responding to two tasks under the Fire Safe Cigarette Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-352):
Andreev Probe of Persistent Current States in Superconducting Quantum Circuits (2005)

Using the extraordinary sensitivity of Andreev interferometers to the superconducting phase difference associated with currents, we measure the persistent current quantum states in superconducting loops interrupted by Josephson junctions. Straightforward electrical resistance measurements of the interferometers give a continuous readout of the states, allowing us to construct the energy spectrum of the quantum circuit. The probe is estimated to be more precise and faster than previous methods, and can measure the local phase difference in a wide range of superconducting circuits.
Low temperature transient liquid phase bonding of copper (2005)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2005.
Phosphate-binding Tag, a New Tool to Visualize Phosphorylated Proteins (2005)

We introduce two methods for the visualization of phosphorylated proteins using alkoxide-bridged dinuclear metal (i.e. Zn(2+) or Mn(2+)) complexes as novel phosphate-binding tag (Phos-tag) molecules. Both Zn(2+)- and Mn(2+)-Phos-tag molecules preferentially capture phosphomonoester dianions bound to Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. One method is based on an ECL system using biotin-pendant Zn(2+)-Phos-tag and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. We demonstrate the electroblotting analyses of protein phosphorylation status by the phosphate-selective ECL signals. Another method is based on the mobility shift of phosphorylated proteins in SDS-PAGE with polyacrylamide-bound Mn(2+)-Phos-tag. Phosphorylated proteins in the gel are visualized as slower migration bands compared with corresponding dephosphorylated proteins. We demonstrate the kinase and phosphatase assays by phosphate affinity electrophoresis (Mn(2+)-Phos-tag SDS-PAGE).
Age and skin structure and function, a quantitative approach (II): protein, glycosaminoglycan, water, and lipid content and structure (2006)

Much work remains to be carried out to reach a consensus on the effects of age on skin structure and function. Future studies would be benefited by increased standardization of skin sites tested, methodology, and increased sample sizes.
The Characterization of Antibacterial Antibodies in Bovine Immune Sera to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1978)

Humoral antibody responses to the encapsulated Smith diffuse strain of Staphylococcus aureus were examined in cows immunized with the killed vaccine via different systemic routes. The sequential appearance of the antibody within different immunoglobulin classes in the sera during the course of immunization was followed by passive hemagglutination (PHA) and precipitation (PC) reactions and the mouse passive protection test. Repeated intravenous injections with the killed vaccine suspended in buffered saline stimulated production of IgM antibody exclusively during the whole period of immunization. On the contrary, following intramuscular administration with the vaccine incorporated in Freund's incomplete adjuvant, the antibodies appeared predominantly in IgG fractions of the sera. Specific antibody to the homologous strain used for vaccination was prepared from bovine immune sera by an absorption and elution process. The mouse passive protective activity of the antibody preparation was removed by absorption with the capsular polysaccharide antigen as well as by the whole cell adsorbent of the Smith diffuse strain, but not by the Smith compact and Cowan I strains of S. aureus. IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 proteins were isolated from the purified antibody and were compared, on a weight basis, with respect to their biological activities. Slightly higher activity of the IgG over the IgM antibody was demonstrated both in the mouse passive protection test and PC reaction, whereas in the PHA reaction, IgM antibody was shown to possess a significantly higher activity than IgG antibody. These studies suggest that IgG as well as IgM antibody might play an important role in protection against infection with encapsulated strains of S. aureus in cows.
Porous silicon structure studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (1997)

We present a nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) study of the structure of porous silicon. Cross-polarization–magic-angle-spinning Si29 NMR shows that the silicon crystalline structure is preserved in porous silicon and that there are three protonated silicon species at the surface, which are tentatively identified as belonging to different faces. The occurrence of different environments for the surface protons is supported by the heterogeneous H1 NMR line. HF and SiF62− species were detected by F19 NMR in the electrolyte left in the pores.
Robotic graphics: a new approach to force feedback for virtual reality (2002)

A new conceptual solution is presented for the problem of providing force feedback for virtual reality, concentrating on potential CAD/CAM applications. The essential concept is that force feedback is provided by interactions between the human operator and specialized external (as opposed to worn) robots. This is called "robotic graphics" to express the analogy between robots simulating the feel of an object, and graphics displays simulating its appearance. This is illustrated by introducing the derivative concepts of "robotic shape displays" and "roboxels.".< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Colostral Cell-Mediated Immunity and the Concept of a Common Secretory Immune System (1977)

Historically colostrum and milk have been thought to confer immunity on the neonate only by virtue of their immunoglobulin content. Recently we have observed that colostrum also contains viable T lymphocytes capable of expressing cell-mediated immunity in vitro and have employed techniques of lymphocyte culture to elucidate the local nature of mammary tissue immunity at the T-cell level. The results indicate that the activity of colostral lymphocytes appears not to represent the total immunological experience of the mother but that they may contain reactive clones beneficial for the suckling. Colostral immunity appears to depend upon sensitizing events within the intestine and respiratory tract, followed by the migration of lymphoid precursors to the breast, suggesting a relationship between the expression of immunity at various secretory surfaces.
Hypotensive Action of Commercial Intravenous Amiodarone and Polysorbate 80 in Dogs (1982)

Commercial intravenous amiodarone has been reported to have antiarrhythmic actions and to cause only mild hypotension in humans. In the dog, however, amiodarone was observed to cause severe hypotension. Since commercial intravenous amiodarone is amiodarone compound (50 mg/ml) dissolved in water with polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) (100 mg/kg), the effects of amiodarone in ethanol (5 mg/kg) and polysorbate 80 (10 mg/kg) were studied individually, and in combination in anesthetized dogs. Commercial intravenous amiodarone and polysorbate 80 caused at least a 60% drop in mean blood pressure and left ventricular maximum dP/dt for at least 30 min, whereas amiodarone in ethanol did not. The drop in blood pressure was not principally due to peripheral vasodilation. Therefore, in dogs the diluent polysorbate 80 is the major cause of severe hypotension resulting from commercial intravenous amiodarone. These studies show that commercial intravenous amiodarone produces results different in dogs than has been previously reported in humans. Therefore: (a) canine models for studying the antiarrhythmic actions of commercial intravenous amiodarone would produce results complicated by severe hypotension; and (b) polysorbate 80 is not an inert substance, but is a potent cardiac depressant.