gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring the crowd (2015)

Crowdsourcing initiatives benefit from tapping into diversity. A vast plethora of disparate individuals, organizations, frameworks and skillsets can all play a role in sourcing solutions to a challenge. Nevertheless, while crowdsourcing has become a pervasive phenomenon, there is a paucity of research that addresses how the crowdsourcing process is measured. Whereas research has advanced various taxonomies of crowdsourcing none to date have specifically addressed the issue of measuring either specific stages of the crowdsourcing process or the process as a whole. As a first step towards achieving this goal, this research-in-progress paper examines crowdsourcing at the operational level with a view towards (i) identifying the parts of the process (ii) identifying what can be measured and (iii) categorising operational metrics to facilitate deployment in practice. The taxonomy advanced is overarching in nature and can be deployed across disciplines. Furthermore, the preliminary taxonomy presented will offer practitioners a comprehensive list of metrics that will enable them to facilitate comparison across various crowdsourcing initiatives.
Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of periodontal diseases (2015)

Research into biomarkers of periodontitis is driven by mainly three targets: to identify 'at risk' patients before periodontal tissue destruction occurs; to determine disease activity and progression; and to build up our understanding of this complex disease with the purpose of finding new therapeutic targets. Whilst blood and gingival crevicular fluid were previously the biological samples of choice, saliva has recently gained more attention as a readily accessible oral fluid which has a mediator profile similar to that of serum and gingival crevicular fluid. The aim of this paper was to give a comprehensive overview of salivary cytokines in periodontitis, highlighting extensively studied cytokines such as interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6, but also cytokines that have been the subject of only a few studies and which warrant further investigation. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of salivary cytokines, and the potential of cytokines as periodontitis biomarkers, are evaluated. Finally, a discussion of potential confounding factors, such as concurrent systemic diseases and smoking, is presented.
Efficient Ming of Top-K Closed Sequences (2010)

Sequence mining is an important data mining task. In order to retrieve interesting sequences from a large database, a minimum support threshold is needed to be specified. Unfortunately, specification of the appropriated support threshold is very difficult for users who are novice to mining queries and task specific data. To avoid this difficulty of specification of the appropriated support threshold, this paper is proposed to mine k most frequent closed sequences consisting of events containing a single item. This is called top-k closed sequences. This mining not only provides an easy way to retrieve interesting sequences but also gives the compact representation of sequences. In this paper, an efficient algorithm, called TKS, is also proposed for mining top-k closed sequences without candidate maintenance. In addition, it produces closed sequences in support descending in order to avoid finding the appropriated support threshold before mining phase.
The Genes <i>degQ</i> , <i>pps</i> , and <i>lpa-8</i> ( <i>sfp</i> ) Are Responsible for Conversion of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> 168 to Plipastatin Production (1999)

Bacillus subtilis YB8 produces the lipopeptide antibiotic plipastatin. B. subtilis MI113, which is a derivative of strain 168, was converted into a new plipastatin producer, strain 406, by competence transformation with the chromosomal DNA of YB8. Transposon mini-Tn10 insertional mutagenesis was applied to strain 406, which revealed that lpa-8 (sfp) (encoding 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase) and the pps operon (located between 167 and 171 degrees ) are essential for plipastatin production. The pps operon was previously suggested to encode putative peptide synthetases (A. Tognoni, E. Franchi, C. Magistrelli, E. Colombo, P. Cosmina, and G. Grandi, Microbiology 141:645-648, 1995) and was thought to be the fengycin operon (V. Tosato, A. M. Albertini, M. Zotti, S. Sonda, and C. V. Bruschi, Microbiology 143:3443-3450, 1997). We claim that the pps operon is the pli operon, encoding plipastatin synthetase. By using a new high-performance liquid chromatography system, we revealed that strain 168 expressing only lpa-8 can also produce plipastatin, although the yield is very low. However, the introduction of the pleiotropic regulator degQ of strain YB8 into strain 168 expressing lpa-8 resulted in a 10-fold increase in the production of plipastatin.
Human Stem Cell Derivatives Retain More Open Epigenomic Landscape When Derived from Pluripotent Cells than from Tissues (2012)

The growing number of identified stem cell derivatives and escalating concerns for safety and efficacy of these cells towards clinical applications have made it increasingly crucial to be able to assess the relative risk-benefit ratio of a given stem cell from a given source for a particular disease. Discerning the intrinsic plasticity and regenerative potential of human stem cell populations might reside in chromatin modifications that shape the respective epigenomes of their derivation routes. Previously, we have generated engraftable human neuronal progenitors direct from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by small molecule induction (hESC-I hNuPs). Unlike the prototypical neuroepithelial-like nestin-positive human neural stem cells (hNSCs), these <i>in vitro</i> neuroectoderm-derived Nurr1-positive hESC-I hNuPs are a more neuronal lineage-specific and plastic hESC derivative. In this study, the global chromatin landscape changes in pluripotent hESCs and their neuronal lineage-specific derivative hESC-I hNuPs were profiled using genome-wide mapping and compared to CNS tissue-derived hNSCs. This study found that the broad potential of pluripotent hESCs is defined by an epigenome constituted of open conformation of chromatin mediated by a pattern of Oct-4 global distribution that corresponds closely with those of acetylated nucleosomes genome-wide. The epigenomic transition from pluripotency to restriction in lineage choices is characterized by genome-wide increases in histone H3K9 methylation that mediates global chromatin-silencing and somatic identity. Tissue-resident CNS-derived hNSCs have acquired a substantial number of additional histone H3K9 methylation, therefore, more silenced chromatin. These data suggest that the intrinsic plasticity and regenerative potential of human stem cell derivatives can be differentiated by their epigenomic landscape features, and that human stem cell derivatives retain more open epigenomic landscape, therefore, more developmental potential for scale-up regeneration, when derived from the hESCs <i>in vitro</i> than from the CNS tissue <i>in vivo</i>.
Accumulation of Poly[( <i>R</i> )-3-Hydroxyalkanoates] in <i>Pseudomonas oleovorans</i> during Growth with Octanoate in Continuous Culture at Different Dilution Rates (2000)

Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC 29347 was grown in chemostat culture at different dilution rates with mineral media varying in their ratios of octanoate to ammonia (C(0)/N(0) ratio). At all dilution rates tested, three distinct growth regimes were observed: (i) carbon limitation with NH(4)(+) in excess at low C(0)/N(0) ratios, (ii) purely nitrogen-limited growth conditions at high C(0)/N(0) ratios with residual octanoate in the culture supernatant, and (iii) an intermediate zone of dual-nutrient-limited growth conditions where both the concentration of octanoate and that of ammonia were very low. The dual-nutrient-limited growth zone shifted to higher C(0)/N(0) ratios with decreasing dilution rates, and the extension of the dual-nutrient-limited growth zone was inversely proportional to the growth rate. The cells accumulated the storage compound medium-chain-length poly[(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate] (mcl-PHA) during dual (C and N)-nutrient-limited and N-limited growth conditions. Within the dual-nutrient-limited growth zone, the cellular mcl-PHA contents increased when the C(0)/N(0) ratio in the feed was increased, whereas the cellular mcl-PHA level was independent from the feed C(0)/N(0) ratio during N-limited growth. The monomeric composition of the accumulated mcl-PHA was independent of both the dilution rate and the feed C(0)/N(0) ratio and consisted of 12 mol% 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid and 88 mol% 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid. Accumulation of mcl-PHA led to an increase in the cellular C/N ratio and to changes in elemental growth yields for nitrogen and carbon.
Modic Changes and Disc Degeneration Caused by Inoculation of<i>Propionibacterium acnes</i>inside Intervertebral Discs of Rabbits: A Pilot Study (2016)

Compared to S. aureus, the pathological change caused by P. acnes would be considered as Modic-I change and disc degeneration rather than a discitis.
Supramolecular Assembly and Binding in Aqueous Solution: Useful Tips Regarding the Hofmeister and Hydrophobic Effects (2011)

Abstract The self‐assembly of structurally discrete entities, and supramolecular chemistry in general, continues to expand into the aqueous realm. To do so, however, requires a firm understanding of the properties of aqueous solution, and how these “change the rules” for binding and assembly relative to organic solvents. In this mini‐review we highlight the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of the supramolecular properties of water, and how these influence the design of hosts and self‐assembling systems.
SPC07-4: Performance of Asymmetrically Clipped Optical OFDM in AWGN for an Intensity Modulated Direct Detection System (2006)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used in many wired and wireless broadband communication systems because of its resilience in the presence of signal dispersion or multipath distortion. OFDM has not been used in practical optical communication systems because the bipolar waveform cannot be used in intensity-modulated direct detection (IM/DD) systems. A new unipolar form of OFDM, asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM), has recently been developed. For the case of an AWGN channel, we compare ACO- OFDM and other modulation schemes. It is shown that ACO- OFDM with 4-QAVI subcarrier modulation has the same bandwidth efficiency but requires 2 dB less energy per bit than on-off keying. ACO-OFDM with larger constellation sizes gives higher bandwidth efficiencies and lower optical power than other modulation schemes. Unlike existing methods, the performance of ACO-OFDM is limited by the bandwidth of the transmitter and receiver not the dispersion of the channel.
"Chapel" for non-conformist place of worship (1937)

Journal Article "Chapel" for non-conformist place of worship Get access M. U. H. R. M. U. H. R. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 173, Issue 11, 11 September 1937, Page 193, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/173.11.193f Published: 11 September 1937
Effects of Binder on the Electrochemical Properties of V_3TiNi_(0.56)Al_(0.2) Hydrogen Storage Alloy (2004)

Vbased solid solution hydrogen storage alloys V3TiNi0.56Al0.2 is produced by using Selfpropagating Hightemperature synthesis. The effects of different binder on the Electrochemical properties of hydrogen storage are studied. The experiment results show that the discharge capacity alloy electrode which takes PTFE as binder is much less than that which takes PVA solution as binder. With the increase of the density of PVA solution, the discharge capacity of hydrogen storage alloy decreases. Its cycling stability becomes much stronger at the same time. The electrochemical properties are satisfactory when density of binder(PVA) is 6%.
Die intrakutane Kaninchenmethode zur Auswertung von Diphtherie-Toxin und Antitoxin. (1933)

While studying the effect of the immunization of children with diphtheria anatoxin in 1927, the author saw the need of a practical and reliable method for the determination of small amounts of diphtheria antitoxin in the blood. Ehrlich's classic method was not applicable to this work. The results with Romer's technic on guinea-pigs proved unsatisfactory. The intracutaneous procedure on rabbits proposed by Fraser and Wigham in 1924 was found to give the most favorable results, to be the most exact, rapid and least expensive and to be suitable for the determination of extremely small, as well as very large, amounts of toxin by a single technic. The author has further developed this procedure and intensively investigated all modifying factors and sources of error, and has perfected the method to a high point of accuracy. In this monograph these researches are described fully, and the directions for carrying out the tests
Selective Extraction of Lithium Chloride from Brines (1993)

Abstract Lithium chloride can be recovered from brines by liquid-liquid extraction with alcohols such as n-butanol or isoamyl alcohol as well as by precipitation of the lithium aluminate complex (1–3). In most cases, however, certain amounts of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride are coextracted. In order to obtain pure lithium chloride, separation of alkaline earth compounds by special precipitation (4) or extraction procedures (5) is necessary. On the other side, coextraction of alkaline earth chlorides with alcohols can be suppressed by the addition of ammonia (6) or urea (7). For the separation of lithium from magnesium and sodium, extraction with mixtures of butanol and hexanediols is also recommended (8).
UV‐ENHANCED REACTIVATION OF MINUTE‐VIRUS‐OF‐MICE: STIMULATION OF A LATE STEP IN THE VIRAL LIFE CYCLE (1981)

Abstract— UV‐enhanced reactivation of minute‐virus‐of‐mice (MVM), an autonomous parvovirus, was studied in parasynchronous mouse A9 cells. The survival of UV‐irradiated MVM is increased in cells which have been UV‐irradiated prior to infection. UV‐enhanced reactivation can be explained neither by facilitated plaque detection on UV‐treated indicator cells, nor by altered kinetics of virus production by UV‐irradiated cells. No effect of the multiplicity of infection on virus survival was detected in unirra‐diated or irradiated cells. The magnitude of UV‐enhanced reactivation is a direct exponential function of the UV dose administered to the virus while virus survival is inversely proportional to the UV dosage. The expression of UV‐enhanced reactivation can be activated in cells arrested in G 0 , it requires de novo protein synthesis and it is maximal when cells are irradiated 30 h before the onset of viral DNA replication. Early phases of the viral cycle, such as adsorption to cellular receptors, migration to the nucleus and uncoating, were not affected by cell irradiation and are unlikely targets of the UV‐enhanced reactivation function(s). These results, together with the single‐strandedness of the viral genome, strongly suggest that the step stimulated in UV‐irradiated cells functions concomitant with, or subsequent to, viral DNA replication.
Substantial increase of the inhibitory activity of Mirabilis antiviral protein by an elimination of the disulfide bond with genetic engineering. (1991)

Mirabilis antiviral protein (MAP) is a rigid, heat-stable protein composed of 250 amino acids with an intramolecular disulfide bond. MAP inhibits the in vitro protein synthesis of rabbit reticulocyte with approximately one-thirtieth the activity of the ricin A chain, a homologous protein with no such bond (Habuka, N., Murakami, Y., Noma, M., Kudo, T., and Horikoshi, K. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 6629-6637; Habuka, N., Akiyama, K., Tsuge, H., Miyano, M., Matsumoto, T., and Noma, M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 10988-10992). The bond is presumed to induce some structural perturbation that alters the mode of interaction with the substrate ribosome and thus lowers the activity. To confirm this hypothesis, a mutant MAP gene in which the codons of both cysteines were replaced by those of serines was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli, and its product (C36/22OS) was purified. In a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, C36/220S showed the same mobility as that of MAP reduced by 2-mercaptoethanol, whereas nonreduced MAP showed faster migration. The inhibitory activity of C36/220S was approximately 22 times higher than that of native MAP, that is the mutant had an IC50 of 0.16 nM for the protein synthesis of the rabbit reticulocyte system, whereas the native MAP had an IC50 of 3.5 nM. The results indicate that the activity of MAP is increased by the elimination of the disulfide bond, and this supports the hypothesis.
Down-regulation of Delta by proteolytic processing (2002)

Notch signaling regulates cell fate decisions during development through local cell interactions. Signaling is triggered by the interaction of the Notch receptor with its transmembrane ligands expressed on adjacent cells. Recent studies suggest that Delta is cleaved to release an extracellular fragment, DlEC, by a mechanism that involves the activity of the metalloprotease Kuzbanian; however, the functional significance of that cleavage remains controversial. Using independent functional assays in vitro and in vivo, we examined the biological activity of purified soluble Delta forms and conclude that Delta cleavage is an important down-regulating event in Notch signaling. The data support a model whereby Delta inactivation is essential for providing the critical ligand/receptor expression differential between neighboring cells in order to distinguish the signaling versus the receiving partner.
Production of transgenic bovine embryos by transfer of transfected granulosa cells into enucleated oocytes (2001)

Adult granulosa donor cells used in the nuclear transfer (NT) procedure can result in cloned cattle. Subsequently, it may be possible to use the same cell type to produce cloned transgenic cattle. Therefore, this study examined the effect of genetic manipulation and serum levels in culture of donor granulosa cells on developmental rates and cell number of bovine NT embryos. A primary cell line was established from granulosa cells collected by aspirating ovarian follicles. Cells transfected with a plasmid containing the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene, and non-transfected cells were used for cloning between passage 10 and 15 as serum-starved and serum-fed donor cells. There were no significant differences (P > 0.1) in cleavage rates or development to the blastocyst stage for NT embryos from transfected (60.4 and 13.5%, respectively) or non-transfected (61.9 and 14.1%, respectively) and serum-starved (60.6 and 13.4%, respectively) or serum-fed (61.3 and 14%, respectively) cells. Development rates to blastocyst stage of embryos produced using cells at passage 15 (27.1%) were significantly higher than those produced with cells at passage 10,11, and 13 (7, 11.5, and 14%, respectively, P < 0.05). Green fluorescence was observed at different intensity levels in all blastocyst stage embryos resulting from transfected donor cells. The results of the present study indicated that genetically modified granulosa cells can be used to produce transgenic NT embryos and primary transgenic adult cells at late passage may be more effective donor cells than earlier passaged cells.
BIBF 1120 (Nintedanib), a Triple Angiokinase Inhibitor, Induces Hypoxia but not EMT and Blocks Progression of Preclinical Models of Lung and Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

Signaling from other angiokinases may underlie resistance to VEGF-directed therapy. We evaluated the antitumor and biologic effects of BIBF 1120 (nintedanib), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets VEGF receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and fibroblast growth factor receptor in preclinical models of lung and pancreatic cancer, including models resistant to VEGF-targeted treatments. In vitro, BIBF 1120 did not show antiproliferative effects, nor did it sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy. However, in vivo BIBF 1120 inhibited primary tumor growth in all models as a single agent and in combination with standard chemotherapy. Analysis of tumor tissue posttreatment revealed that BIBF 1120 reduced proliferation (phospho-histone 3) and elevated apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) to a greater extent than chemotherapy alone. Furthermore, BIBF 1120 showed potent antiangiogenic effects, including decreases in microvessel density (CD31), pericyte coverage (NG2), vessel permeability, and perfusion, while increasing hypoxia. Despite the induction of hypoxia, markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were not elevated in BIBF 1120-treated tumors. In summary, BIBF 1120 showed potent antitumor and antiangiogenic activity in preclinical models of lung and pancreatic cancer where it induced hypoxia but not EMT. The absence of EMT induction, which has been implicated in resistance to antiangiogenic therapies, is noteworthy. Together, these results warrant further clinical studies of BIBF 1120.
UNBALANCED TRAFFIC FLOW ON THREE-OR-FOUR-LANE STREETS (1956)

This article deals with controlled unbalanced traffic flow and the special problems presented by three-or-four lane streets. The growth of cities and basic changes in the methods of transportation have made many of these streets quite unable to accommodate the high volumes of modern traffic. Some of the tools discussed to ease the problems of excess volume of traffic on city streets include: one-way streets, reversible one-way streets, parking controls, traffic signals, and unbalanced traffic flow.
New cyclodisilazane derivatives (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew cyclodisilazane derivativesL. W. Breed and J. C. Wiley Jr.Cite this: Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 7, 1634–1638Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50113a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50113a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Migration and slipping of metal clips after celioscopic cholecystectomy. (1993)

Most surgeons performing in laparoscopic cholecystectomy have opted for the use of metal clips to secure the cystic duct before division. Accordingly, we have been using double proximal clipping of the cystic duct for our patients. Certain disadvantages of clips are well known, among them, their ability to slip. We report one case of clip migration into the common bile duct, which led to obstructive jaundice. The clip was recovered after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Slipping of the second metal clip lead to biliary peritonitis necessitating surgical drainage. The case presented raises the question of whether suture ligation of the proximal end of the cystic duct should be preferred to clipping.