gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notes - Nitrosodecarboxylation (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - NitrosodecarboxylationRonald HenryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 4, 648–650Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online11 June 2003Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01098a634https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01098a634research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simple and Highly Efficient Method for Production of Endothelial Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2011)

Endothelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-ECs) hold much promise as a valuable tool for basic vascular research and for medical application such as cell transplantation or regenerative medicine. Here we have developed an efficient approach for the production of hESC-ECs. Using a differentiation method consisting of a stepwise combination of treatment with glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor and culturing in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-supplemented medium, hESC-ECs are induced in 5 days with about 20% efficiency. These cells express vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), CD34, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). These hESC-ECs can then be isolated with 95% purity using a magnetic sorting system, and expanded to more than 100-fold within a month. The hESC-ECs thus produced exhibit the endothelial morphological characteristics and specific functions such as capillary tube formation and acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake. We propose that our methodology is useful for efficient and large-scale production of hESC-ECs.
A heuristic algorithm for the fanout problem (1990)

We present an algorithm to optimally distribute a signal to its required destinations. The choice of the buffers and the topology of the distribution tree depends on the availability of different strength gates and on the load and the required times at the destinations. The general problem is to construct a fanout-tree for a signal so that the required time constraint at the source node is met and the fanout-tree has a minimum area. Since the area constrained fanout problem is NP-complete and area is not a major consideration in present high density designs, we restrict our attention to the simpler problem of designing fast fanout circuits without any area constraint. The proposed algorithm builds the fanout tree by partitioning the fanout signals into subsets and then recursively solving each sub-problem. At each stage the algorithm generates a fanout tree that is an improvement over the previous stage. This feature allows the user to specify the improvement desired by the fanout correction process. The performance of the algorithm, when run on randomly generated distributions of required times and on real design examples, is very promising.
Differentiation of Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Related Taxa by Thin-layer Chromatographic Analysis of Whole-organism Methanolysates (1975)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Latest Technology and Standardization Trends for Liquid-borne Particle Counters (2012)

Fine particles contaminating into production facilities have significant influence to the degradation of quality of microstructure products. Liquid-borne particle counters are widely used to count liquid-borne particles in the production processes for microstructure products. For evaluating the performance of these counters, some ISO standards have been established. On the other hand, the process for manufacturing leading-edge semiconductor devices requires the measurement of yet smaller particles. Based on research on our company’s development situation, this paper describes the latest trends in small particle detection. It also describes a newly proposed method for evaluating reliability in small particle size measurement not covered by ISO standards. 1. Overview The µm-scale or nm-scale micro-fabrication technique is used for manufacturing semiconductor devices and liquid-crystal displays. Their quality and yields are significantly influenced by small particles contaminating into their production processes. The International Technology Roadmap of Semiconductors (ITRS), aimed at internationally sharing production technology for leading-edge semiconductor devices, specifies that the controlled contamination particle size should be 20 nm or less in 2011 and beyond. 1 On the other hand, new techniques such as “More than Moore” 1 techniques for achieving the necessary performance of semiconductor devices without increasing their level of integration regarding their structural elements are being implemented for mass production, expanding the types of processes and materials that should be used under contamination particle control. In addition, quality control similar to that of semiconductor materials is required for producing nanomaterials, which are expected to see increased use in the future. As a result, there is a need for the development of measurement technology for smaller particles in many more fields. Light scattering phenomena are particularly useful for detecting small particles. Light scattering liquid-borne particle counters (LPCs) are widely used for measuring the number concentration of suspended particles. Based on the results of our company’s development efforts, the following describes the principles and configuration of the latest LPCs, the situation and issues regarding the standardization of its performance evaluation technique, and the solutions to these issues.
64Gb/s PAM4 and 160Gb/s 16QAM modulation reception using a low-voltage Si-Ge waveguide-integrated APD (2020)

We demonstrate waveguide-integrated silicon-germanium avalanche photodiodes with a maximum responsivity of 15.2 A/W at 16x avalanche gain, and 33 GHz bandwidth. Intensity-modulation-direct-detection (IMDD) and coherent channel reception test demonstrated the APD's performance with higher-order formats, allowing 32 Gbaud PAM-4 and 40 Gbaud 16QAM channel reception without any digital signal processing conventionally used for receiver impairments mitigation.
Unique phase transformation behavior and visible light photocatalytic activity of titanium oxide hybridized with copper oxide (2010)

The nanoscale hybridization of titanium oxide with copper oxide was carried out to control the phase transformation behavior of titanium oxide and develop a new photocatalyst active in visble light. Analysis by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm to gauge pore size distribution showed that intercalative hybridization between copper oxide and titanium oxide produced a mesoporous layer-by-layer interstratified heterostructure with a repeating distance of ∼24.2 Å and an average pore size of ∼52 Å. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at Cu K- and Ti K-edges clearly demonstrated that divalent copper oxides were interstratified with lepidocrocite-type titanium oxide. As a result of the modification of band structure, the resulting nanohybrids showed high activity for photoinduced degradation of organic dye molecules under visible light illumination. Heat-treatment of the nanohybrids at 500 °C produced anatase TiO2 at the expense of intermediate rutile TiO2 formed in the lower temperature region (300–400 °C). This suggests a phase transition from rutile TiO2 to anatase TiO2. This phenomenon is related to the variation in the surface energy of titania caused by the redox process of hybridized copper oxide and by the phase transition of co-existing Ti-deficient titanium oxide.
QPSK Phase and Amplitude Regeneration at 56 Gbaud in a Novel Idler-Free Non-Degenerate Phase Sensitive Amplifier (2011)

We introduce a novel input-idler-free non-degenerate phase sensitive amplifier (PSA) configuration and use it for simultaneous phase and amplitude regeneration of quadrature phase shift keyed (QPSK) signals demonstrated at symbol rates up to 56 Gbaud.
Automatic detection and description of syllabic features in continuous speech (1976)

The details of the implementation of a syntax-controlled acoustic encoder of a speech understanding system (SUS) are presented. Finite-state automata operating on artificial descriptions of suprasegmentals and global spectral features isolate syllables in continuous speech. Then a combinational algorithm tracks the formants for the voiced intervals of each syllable, and other algorithms provide a complete structural description of spectral and prosodic features for a spoken sentence. Such a description consists of a string of symbols and numerical attributes and is a representation of speech in terms of perceptually significant primitive forms. It contains all the information required to reconstruct the analyzed sentence with a formant synthesizer; it can be used directly either for emitting or verifying hypotheses at the lexical level of an SUS and for automatically learning phonetic features by grammatical inference.
Utility of Procalcitonin (PCT) and Mid regional pro-Adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) in risk stratification of critically ill febrile patients in Emergency Department (ED). A comparison with APACHE II score (2012)

The present study highlights the way in which MR-proADM and PCT may be helpful to the febrile patient's care in the ED. Our data support the prognostic role of MR-proADM and PCT in that setting, as demonstrated by the correlation with the APACHE II score. The combined use of the two biomarkers can predict a subsequent hospitalization of febrile patients. The rational use of these two molecules could lead to several advantages, such as faster diagnosis, more accurate risk stratification, and optimization of the treatment, with consequent benefit to the patient and considerably reduced costs.
The UBIRIS.v2: A Database of Visible Wavelength Iris Images Captured On-the-Move and At-a-Distance (2009)

The iris is regarded as one of the most useful traits for biometric recognition and the dissemination of nationwide iris-based recognition systems is imminent. However, currently deployed systems rely on heavy imaging constraints to capture near infrared images with enough quality. Also, all of the publicly available iris image databases contain data correspondent to such imaging constraints and therefore are exclusively suitable to evaluate methods thought to operate on these type of environments. The main purpose of this paper is to announce the availability of the UBIRIS.v2 database, a multisession iris images database which singularly contains data captured in the visible wavelength, at-a-distance (between four and eight meters) and on on-the-move. This database is freely available for researchers concerned about visible wavelength iris recognition and will be useful in accessing the feasibility and specifying the constraints of this type of biometric recognition.
Preparation of porous polyacrylamide hydrogels by frontal polymerization (2007)

Abstract Polyacrylamide hydrogels with defined porous structure were synthesized through frontal polymerization (FP) in the presence of NaHCO 3 as a foaming agent. Pore properties were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The as‐prepared hydrogels displayed a small cell diameter of ca 2 µm. The dissolved foaming agent dispersing at the level of molecules and the polymerization front propagating step by step should be responsible for the small uniform cell structure. The pore volume varied from 0.63 to 3.65 cm 3 g −1 and the bulk density changed from 0.48 to 0.28 g cm −3 for a foaming agent content from 0 to 18%. The hydrogels synthesized by FP exhibited higher swelling rate and swelling ratio with respect to conventional batch polymerization. The highest swelling ratio and rate were obtained at a foaming agent concentration of 12% based on monomer. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Stochastic multiobjective generation dispatch of combined heat and power systems (1998)

A new stochastic formulation of multiobjective optimisation for combined heat and power system dispatch is presented. Both the power and heat demands are treated as random variables. The three objective functions to be minimised are: the total generation cost, the expected power generation deviation and the expected heat generation deviation. As these objectives are in conflict with each other, only a non-inferior solution can be reached. The goal attainment method is used to solve this multiobjective optimisation problem by assuming that the decision-maker (DM) has desired a certain goal for each of these objectives. Very often, the DM finds it difficult to define the relative importance or a merit function among improving individual objectives and reducing constraint violations. A fuzzy decision index is proposed here to provide the best-compromise solution among all objectives and constraints, and a means of maximising the most underachieved objective. A genetic algorithm approach is also proposed to help the DM to search for such a solution mathematically. Application results of the method to a seven-generator sample system are presented.
Anxiety and the Somatization Process (2011)

On the basis of a reflection which compares the works of Winnicott to those of psychosomaticians of the School of Paris, the author defends the hypothesis that the functioning modes frequently encountered in somatizing patients are connected to the radical defense modes used against psychotic-type anxieties.
RETRIEVING CEMENTED TELESCOPIC PROSTHESES (1996)

Advantages of telescopic prostheses are in maintenance, repair, alteration, conversion, and offsetting problems of parallelism. A cemented telescopic implant prosthesis can be retrieved by incorporating a window or recess in the copings during the wax-up and using a flat-ended instrument for disengagement of the prosthesis.
Analyzing voltage bias and temperature induced aging effects in photonic interconnects for manycore computing (2017)

Silicon photonic interconnects are being considered for integration in future networks-on-chip (NoCs) as they can enable higher bandwidth and lower latency data transfers at the speed of light. Such photonic interconnects consist of photonic waveguides with dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) for signal traversal and microring resonators (MRs) for signal modulation and detection. To enable MRs to modulate and detect DWDM photonic signals, carrier injection in MRs through their voltage biasing is essential. But long-term operation of MRs with constant or time-varying temperature and voltage biasing causes aging. Such voltage bias temperature induced (VBTI) aging in MRs leads to resonance wavelength drifts and Q-factor degradation, which increases signal loss and energy delay product in photonic NoCs (PNoCs) that utilize photonic interconnects. This paper explores VBTI aging in MRs and demonstrates its impacts on PNoC architectures for the first time. Our system-level experimental results on two PNoC architectures indicate that VBTI aging increases signal loss in these architectures by up to 7.6dB and increases EDP by up to 26.8% over a span of 5 years.
Power control algorithms for soft handoff users in UMTS (2003)

This paper presents different strategies of power control in a UMTS FDD system applied to user in soft handoff. The strategy defined in the 3GPP standard is analyzed and compared to an improved strategy aiming at limiting the additional interference generated by soft handoff. It is shown how the proposed algorithm could be implemented in the current release of UMTS with little adaptation. Finally, simulation results based on Monte-Carlo analysis highlight the benefit brought by the proposed method.
Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to cell-free tumor antigens. (1973)

The exposure of two different methylcholanthrene-induced strain 2 guinea pig sarcomas to low-intensity sonic energy provided cell-free extracts that could elicit tumor-specific delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. These extracts, when fractionated by diethylaminoethyl column chromatography, yielded a partially purified component capable of eliciting delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in tumor-immunized syngeneic guinea pigs, which reactions were highly specific for the tumor from which the extract was derived. These partially purified antigens, which were derived from tumors induced by the same chemical agent, could thus evoke, in tumor-immunized syngeneic guinea pigs, cellular immune responses that are specific for the immunizing tumor.
Optically programmed neural network capable of stand-alone operation (1993)

A twa-dimensional amorphous silicon photoconductor array and a liquid-crystal display form the core components of a hardware system for the implementation of a multilayer perceptron neural network. All connections between layers, as well as the nonlinear transfer characteristics associated with the hiddenand output-layer neurons, are implemented in analog circuitry so that the network, once trained, behaves as a stand-alone processor. Subject to a standard backpropagation training algorithm, the network is shown to train very successfully. Training of the network is studied under different levels of weight quantization, neuron output resolution, and random weight-defect probability. A computer simulation of the hardware network is also performed, and excellent agreement is shown between the results of the hardware network and those of the computer simulation. It is concluded that the training capability of the present hardware network is very little degraded by its nonidealities, including the level of weight quantization and limit in neuron output resolution.
Feasibility study of direct-conversion x-ray detection using cadmium zinc telluride films (2012)

Polycrystalline Cd(Zn)Te films deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation are investigated as a direct-conversion medium for x-ray detection. The use of evaporation techniques allows for the preparation of large-area films with the potential for large-area x-ray imaging with high spatial resolution. Films with compositions of Cd1−xZnxTe (x = 0.15,0.25,0.3) were prepared to a thickness of 20 μm on slide glass substrates with an aluminum or indium tin oxide (ITO) bottom electrode and a silver top electrode, with and without additional charge-blocking layers (CeO2 and parylene dielectric) between the electrode and CdZnTe film to reduce leakage current. Composition and structural analyses of the as-deposited films confirm the development of polycrystalline CdZnTe. Leakage current in the CdZnTe film is approximately ten times lower than for a comparable CdTe film, and the lowest leakage is obtained for a film with composition of Cd0.7Zn0.3Te The use of ITO rather than aluminum as the bottom electrode provides a further improvement in leakage current and improved stability. The Cd0.7Zn0.3Te-based device with ITO electrode and charge-blocking layers achieves the highest total output charge (180.44 pC/cm2 or 1.1 × 109 e−/cm2) and signal-to-noise ratio (6.19 at applied bias of 30 V). The present experiments show that Cd1−xZnxTe in a multilayer structure with charge-blocking layers is feasible as a good radiation conversion layer for flatpanel radiation imaging systems.
Improving speaker diarization using social role information (2014)

Speaker diarization systems for meetings commonly model acoustic and spatial information, ignoring that meetings are instances of human interactions. Recent studies have shown that social roles influence the interaction patterns of speakers. This paper proposes a novel method to integrate social roles information in the speaker diarization framework. First, we modify the minimum duration constraint in baseline diarization system by using role information to model the expected duration of speaker's turn. Furthermore, we also propose a social role n-gram model as prior information on speaker interaction patterns. The proposed method is integrated in the state-of-the-art diarization system to reduce the speaker error. Experiments are performed on AMI corpus which is annotated in terms of social roles. The proposed method reduces the speaker error by 16% relative to baseline HMM-GMM system. Furthermore, the paper also investigates the performance of the proposed method on other meeting scenarios like those from NIST Rich Transcription campaigns. Experiments on Rich Transcription meetings reveal that speaker error can be reduced by 13% relative to the baseline system, thus demonstrating the potential of the proposed method.
Analysis and calculation of cylindrical conformal microstrip antennas at 35 GHz (2008)

The conformal microstrip antennas can be used in many radar and communication systems. The cylindrical conformal microstrip patch antennas at 35 GHz were designed and calculated in this paper. Firstly, the cylindrical conformal microstrip patch antenna element was designed, the specific design parameters were given and the radiation characteristics were simulated and analyzed. Secondly, the cylindrical microstrip patch antenna arrays were designed and simulated through software. The directivity of antenna array with two elements, antenna array with three elements and antenna array with four elements reached 9.7 dBi, 11.4 dBi and 12.5 dBi, respectively. Finally, the mutual coupling among antenna elements in array was simulated and the mutual coupling effect on the radiation pattern was calculated. The simulation results can provide a design reference for the practical design of cylindrical conformal antennas used on missiles.
Selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid over MnO<sub>x</sub>–CeO<sub>2</sub> composite catalysts (2016)

Non-noble metal catalysts, MnO<sub>x</sub>–CeO<sub>2</sub> mixed oxides, were prepared by a co-precipitation method and used in the direct aerobic oxidation of HMF to FDCA, showing excellent catalystic activity and stability.