gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enterotoxin-Specific Immunoglobulin E Responses in Humans after Infection or Vaccination with Diarrhea-Causing Enteropathogens (2000)

Cholera toxin (CT)-specific antibody responses of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) isotype in the sera of adult patients suffering from infection with either Vibrio cholerae O1, V. cholerae O139, or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were analyzed and compared with those in the sera of volunteers immunized with a bivalent B subunit O1/O139 whole-cell cholera vaccine. A significant IgE response to CT was observed in 90% of the patients with V. cholerae O1 infection (18 of 20; P = <0.001) and 95% of the patients with V. cholerae O139 infection (19 of 20; P = <0.001). Similarly, the majority of the patients with ETEC diarrhea (83%; 13 of 15) showed a positive IgE response to CT. Eight of 10 North American volunteers (80%) orally challenged with V. cholerae O1 showed CT-specific IgE responses (P = 0.004). In contrast, Swedish volunteers immunized with the oral cholera vaccine showed no IgE responses to CT (P value not significant). During the study period, total IgE levels in the sera of the diarrheal patients, the North American volunteers, and the Swedish cholera vaccinees alike remained unchanged. However, the total IgE levels in the sera of patients and healthy Bangladeshi controls were on average 89-fold higher than those in the sera of the healthy Swedish volunteers and 34-fold higher than those in the sera of the North American volunteers.
Recent advances in the development of melanocortin-4 receptor ligands (2008)

Background: Melanocortins, which are derived from proopiomelanocortin, have been implicated in a variety of physiological processes. To date, five subtypes of melanocortin receptors have been identified, all of which are G-protein–coupled receptors. Of these, the melanocortin-4 (MC4) receptor has become a particular focus of much attention in recent years because of the critical roles it plays in a wide range of functions, including feeding, sexual behavior and energy homeostasis. Objective/methods: This article highlights and reviews research advances in this field that have been published in patent literature since 2004. Results/conclusion: The majority of the MC4-receptor ligands disclosed in the period reviewed are analogs of N-acylpiperidines or piperazines.
Orexins (hypocretins): their role in appetite and arousal. (2002)

Serendipity and hypothesis-driven research both contributed to the discovery and characterization of two recently identified neuropeptides thought to be involved in the control of appetite and arousal. These two peptides, named hypocretin-1 and -2, or orexin-A and -B, originated from a common precursor, prepro-hypocretin or prepro-orexin, encoded by a gene localized to human chromosome 17q21. Orexin/hypocretin neuropetides are produced by a small set of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic and perifornical areas, classically involved in the control of feeding behavior, blood pressure and central regulation of immune function. Orexin-/hypocretin-containing neurons project widely to the CNS, and orexin receptors have been found in areas known to participate in the control of feeding, sleep, wakefulness, neuroendocrine homeostasis and autonomic regulation. Initially, a role in appetite control was suggested as the main action of the two hypothalamic neuropetides, as their site of synthesis and incretion, the lateral hypothalamus, is primarily involved in the control of food ingestion. Destruction of lateral hypothalamic areas results in underfeeding, and orexins were thought to be the substances mediating appetite-stimulating drives. Further studies indicate a more complex array of functions and effects. The orexin signaling pathway is now thought to participate in a complex cycle of energy homeostasis, including the control of food intake, waking time, motor activity, metabolic rate, heart rate and blood pressure.
Performance Analysis of Short Journal Bearing under Thin Film Lubrication (2014)

The steady state performance analysis of short circular journal bearing is conducted using the viscosity correction model under thin film lubrication conditions. The thickness of adsorbed molecular layers is the most critical factor in studying thin film lubrication, and is the most essential parameter that distinguishes thin film from thick film lubrication analysis. The interaction between the lubricant and the surface within a very narrow gap has been considered. The general Reynolds equation has been derived for calculating thin film lubrication parameters affecting the performance of short circular journal bearing. Investigation for the load carrying capacity, friction force, torque, and power loss for the short circular journal bearing under the consideration of adsorbed layer thickness (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:math>) has been carried out. The analysis is carried out for the short bearing approximation <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> using Gumbel’s boundary condition. It has been found that the steady state performance parameters are comparatively higher for short circular journal bearing under the consideration of adsorbed layer thickness than for plain circular journal bearing. The load carrying capability of adsorbed layer thickness considered bearing is observed to be high for the specified operating conditions. This work could promote the understanding and research for the mechanism of the nanoscale thin film lubrication.
A direct digital frequency synthesizer using an IIR filter implemented with a DSP microprocessor (2002)

Direct digital frequency synthesizers (DDFSss) are generally implemented by successively scanning trough a lookup table stored in a read-only memory (ROM) and converting the recalled sine samples to an analog waveform via a digital to analog converter (DAC). This paper describes a new implementation of a DDFS using a second order IIR resonator, whose impulse response is a sine wave; as this impulse response can be expressed in a second order recursive form, sample generation only requires few multiplications and additions. Therefore, the idea is to use a fast DSP microprocessor that can implement the recursive equation in "real-time". This technique guarantees a larger set of output frequencies, a high spectral purity and a very simple, compact, and reliable hardware design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The equilibrium constants of the fumarase and aconitase systems (1953)

This paper is the first of a programme of investigations designed to obtain accurate data for the freeenergy changes associated with the individual stages of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and related reactions. There is only one stage of the cycle, namely the reaction succinate -+ fumarate + 2H, for which data of satisfactory accuracy are available. In other cases, such as those dealt with in the present paper, the reported data are either not very accurate or they do not refer to the standard temperature of 25n ow commonly used in thermodynamic measurements. There are also several stages for which no reliable data have as yet been reported.
Foot-mounted inertial measurement unit for activity classification (2014)

This paper proposes a classification technique for daily base activity recognition for human monitoring during physical therapy in home. The proposed method estimates the foot motion using single inertial measurement unit, then segments the motion into steps classify them by template-matching as walking, stairs up or stairs down steps. The results show a high accuracy of activity recognition. Unlike previous works which are limited to activity recognition, the proposed approach is more qualitative by providing similarity index of any activity to its desired template which can be used to assess subjects improvement.
Enabling execution of service workflows in grid/cloud hybrid systems (2010)

Cloud computing systems provide on demand access to computational resources for dedicated use. Grid computing allows users to share heterogeneous resources from multiple administrative domains applied to common tasks. In this paper we discuss the characteristics and requirements of a hybrid system composed of both grid and cloud technologies. We propose an infrastructure which is able to manage the execution of service workflows in such system. We show how the infrastructure can be expanded by acquiring computational resources on demand from the cloud during the workflow execution, and how it manages these resources and the workflow execution without user interference.
Caught Somewhere Between ... (2017)

Conversations about education in prison should begin with some understanding of the actual lived experience of being in prison. I refuse to create in myself, or promote in others, the idea that learning in prison sets me free without acknowledging the extent to which being educated in prison also helps me understand the extent to which I am free. Prison education has the potential to be life changing, but it presents some challenges for the incarcerated because it is a very distinctive experience. Education is consciousness raising, and consciousness in prison is consciousness of prison and all of its attendant injustices. What it means to learn in prison is to be constantly engaged in an interrogation of the spaces you occupy, an interrogation that has a complicated relationship to freedom but, approximately, what it means is that in your every experience you are caught somewhere between love and hate.
5-HT1A receptor agonists buspirone and gepirone attenuate apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour in adult male Wistar rats. (2000)

We have studied the effects of acute serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT1A receptor agonist buspirone (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, s.c.), gepirone (5.0 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.), and 8-OH-DPAT (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment on the apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour in adult male Wistar rats. Buspirone in doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg completely blocked, gepirone (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the aggressiveness, and 8-OH-DPAT abolished aggressive behaviour only in the lowest dose used (0.1 mg/kg) which effect disappeared in higher doses. The antiaggressive effect of buspirone (2.5 mg/kg) and gepirone (10 mg/kg) was not reversed by a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 (0.3 mg/kg). All 5-HT1A receptor agonists tested dose-dependently decreased the exploratory behaviour of experimentally naive rats, while buspirone (2.5 mg/kg) and gepirone (10 mg/kg) had only a weak effect on the locomotor activity and stereotyped behaviour in the apomorphine-pre-sensitised rats. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrate the 5-HTIA receptors may be involved in the mediation of the apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour in adult male Wistar rats. However, the prominent antiaggressive effect of buspirone, and to a lesser extent--gepirone, seems to be mediated by some other mechanisms, evidently via the dopamine D2 receptors.
Summary Abstract: Thermal and accelerated (≤200 eV) In doping of Si(100) layers during molecular beam epitaxy (1986)

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Three-dimensional surface profiling and optical characterization of liquid microlens using a Shack–Hartmann wave front sensor (2011)

We demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) surface profiling of the water–oil interface in a tunable liquid microlens using a Shack–Hartmann wave front sensor. The principles and the optical setup for achieving 3D surface measurements are presented and a hydrogel-actuated liquid lens was measured at different focal lengths. The 3D surface profiles are then used to study the optical properties of the liquid lens. Our method of 3D surface profiling could foster the improvement of liquid lens design and fabrication, including surface treatment and aberration reduction.
High-dose myeloablative radioimmunotherapy of mantle cell non-hodgkin lymphoma with the iodine-131-labeled chimeric anti-CD20 antibody C2B8 and autologous stem cell support (2002)

High-dose myeloablative radioimmunotherapy with (131)I-labeled anti-CD20 antibodies seems to be associated with a high response rate and moderate toxicity in patients with MCL. Further follow-up to monitor the long-term outcome as well as systematic prospective clinical studies are indicated.
The Judicial Response to Unfair Claims Practices Laws: Applying the National Experience to the Minnesota Act (1986)

The enactment of the Minnesota Unfair Claims Practices Act in 1984 was intended to define which practices of an insurer would be actionable.The Act, however, has raised controversy on the issue of whether there is a private cause of action and of the number of violations required to bring the insurer's actions within the Act.At the writing of this Article, the Minnesota Court of Appeals has addressed one issue, holding that the Act provides for a private cause of action.Final disposition of the issue will probably require review by the Minnesota Supreme Court.The authors discuss this and other questions that arise from the Act by reviewing the law in other jurisdictions.
Gradient pre-emphasis to counteract first-order concomitant fields on asymmetric MRI gradient systems (2016)

We have developed an efficient and effective gradient pre-emphasis framework to counteract the effects of first-order concomitant fields of asymmetric gradient systems. Magn Reson Med 77:2250-2262, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) intrinsic activity correction and minimal detectable target activity study for SPECT imaging with a LSO-based animal PET scanner (2008)

This work is part of a feasibility study to develop SPECT imaging capability on a lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) based animal PET system. The SPECT acquisition was enabled by inserting a collimator assembly inside the detector ring and acquiring data in singles mode. The same LSO detectors were used for both PET and SPECT imaging. The intrinsic radioactivity of (176)Lu in the LSO crystals, however, contaminates the SPECT data, and can generate image artifacts and introduce quantification error. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a LSO background subtraction method, and to estimate the minimal detectable target activity (MDTA) of image object for SPECT imaging. For LSO background correction, the LSO contribution in an image study was estimated based on a pre-measured long LSO background scan and subtracted prior to the image reconstruction. The MDTA was estimated in two ways. The empirical MDTA (eMDTA) was estimated from screening the tomographic images at different activity levels. The calculated MDTA (cMDTA) was estimated from using a formula based on applying a modified Currie equation on an average projection dataset. Two simulated and two experimental phantoms with different object activity distributions and levels were used in this study. The results showed that LSO background adds concentric ring artifacts to the reconstructed image, and the simple subtraction method can effectively remove these artifacts-the effect of the correction was more visible when the object activity level was near or above the eMDTA. For the four phantoms studied, the cMDTA was consistently about five times of the corresponding eMDTA. In summary, we implemented a simple LSO background subtraction method and demonstrated its effectiveness. The projection-based calculation formula yielded MDTA results that closely correlate with that obtained empirically and may have predicative value for imaging applications.
Variations in Substance Use Prevalence Estimates and Need for Interventions Among Adult Emergency Department Patients Based on Different Screening Strategies Using the ASSIST (2016)

Substance use prevalence estimates and identification of ED patients needing interventions differ by screening strategies used. EDs should carefully select strategies to identify patients in need of substance use interventions.
Specific Binding of Radiolabeled Cry1Fa Insecticidal Protein from Bacillus thuringiensis to Midgut Sites in Lepidopteran Species (2012)

Cry1Fa insecticidal protein was successfully radiolabeled with (125)I-Na. Specific binding to brush border membrane vesicles was shown for the lepidopteran species Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera exigua, Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, and Plutella xylostella. Homologous competition assays were performed to obtain equilibrium binding parameters (K(d) [dissociation constant] and R(t) [concentration of binding sites]) for these six insect species.
Subunit composition and novel localization of K+ channels in spinal cord (2000)

Axonal K+ channels involved in normal spinal cord function are candidate targets for therapeutics, which improve sensorimotor function in spinal cord injury. To this end, we have investigated the expression, localization, and coassociation of Kv1 alpha and beta subunits in human, rat, and bovine spinal cord. We find that Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kvbeta2 form heteromultimeric complexes at juxtaparanodal zones in myelinated fibers. However, these same complexes are also present in paranodal regions of some spinal cord axons, and staining with antibodies against Caspr, a component of the paranodal axoglial junction, overlaps with these paranodal K+ channels. This latter observation suggests a unique role for these channels in normal spinal cord function and may provide an explanation for the sensitivity of spinal cord to K+ channel blockers. Moreover, the conservation of these characteristics between human, rat, and bovine nodes of Ranvier suggests an essential role for this defined channel complex in spinal cord function.
Alpha interferon gene deletions in adults, children and infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1991)

DNA from 76 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was tested with a cDNA probe encoding the alpha 2B interferon (IFN) gene transcript. Deletions were found in three of ten pre-B, three of 21 T-cell, four of 22 common and one of 23 null ALL cases. Amongst those with null ALL were 20 infants, most with characteristic translocations, none of whom had deletion of alpha IFN genes. The results confirm that alpha IFN gene deletions may occur without visible abnormalities of chromosome 9p and show that they occur across a wide range of ALL phenotypes. The results suggest that alpha IFN gene deletions may be rare events in null ALL of infants but their incidence and cellular consequences remain unknown.
Rheological properties of methylcellulose aqueous gels under dynamic compression: Frequency sweep and validity of scaling law (2010)

Abstract The aqueous methylcellulose (MC) gels are characterized with a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) under dynamic vertical compression. During the frequency sweeps of MC gels at different temperatures, the storage modulus is observed to be higher than loss modulus at lower frequencies. Both of the storage and loss modulus increases with frequency, but the rate of increase is higher for loss modulus. This leads to the first crossover between E ′ and E ″ during the frequency scan. For the frequency scan at a high temperature (80°C), a higher rate of increase is observed in storage modulus beyond the first crossover frequency. This leads to the second crossover between storage and loss modulus. Optical microscopy results indicate the presence of core–shell microstructure in aqueous MC gels. The first crossover is possibly due to the shell–sol transition, whereas the second crossover is due to the sol–shell–core transition. The validity of scaling laws at and around the first‐crossover point (shell–sol transition) is checked. The scaling law is valid at the first‐crossover point, but it is invalid around it. Alternate scaling equations based on reduced parameters are also used to check the universality. Irrespective of temperature, scaling laws are valid for reduced parameters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
A new acylative cycloaddition reaction (1987)

A new procedure for the intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition is described; the procedure involves the generation of a nitrile oxide resulting from the conjugate addition of an isocyanide to a nitroalkene, and subsequent trapping with an alkene.
Structuring Cooperative Behavior Planning Implementations for Automated Driving (2015)

Cooperative behavior planning for automated vehicles is getting more and more attention in the research community. This paper introduces two dimensions to structure cooperative driving tasks. The authors suggest to distinguish driving tasks by the used communication channels and by the hierarchical level of cooperative skills and abilities. In this manner, this paper presents the cooperative behavior skills of "Jack", our automated vehicle driving from Stanford to Las Vegas in January 2015.
Pharmacotherapy of Obesity (2005)

Medicating for treatment of obesity can be a useful adjunct to diet and exercise and can help selected patients achieve and maintain meaningful weight loss. A report from the Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health entitled Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults—The Evidence Report (1) emphasizes the need for physicians to address obesity in their patients. This report sanctions the clinical use of weight loss drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for long-term use as part of a concomitant lifestyle-modification program. Appropriate patients include those who have been unsuccessful in previous weight-loss attempts and whose BMI exceeds 27 kg/m2 who have associated conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia, or whose BMI exceeds 30 kg/m2. Still, for many physicians, treatment of obesity is not a routine part of their clinical practices, in part because of the stigma associated with medication usage.
Inhalation of the prodrug PI3K inhibitor CL27c improves lung function in asthma and fibrosis (2018)

PI3K activation plays a central role in the development of pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling. PI3K inhibitors may thus offer an improved therapeutic opportunity to treat non-resolving lung inflammation but their action is limited by unwanted on-target systemic toxicity. Here we present CL27c, a prodrug pan-PI3K inhibitor designed for local therapy, and investigate whether inhaled CL27c is effective in asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. Mice inhaling CL27c show reduced insulin-evoked Akt phosphorylation in lungs, but no change in other tissues and no increase in blood glycaemia, in line with a local action. In murine models of acute or glucocorticoid-resistant neutrophilic asthma, inhaled CL27c reduces inflammation and improves lung function. Finally, inhaled CL27c administered in a therapeutic setting protects from bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, ultimately leading to significantly improved survival. Therefore, local delivery of a pan-PI3K inhibitor prodrug reduces systemic on-target side effects but effectively treats asthma and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis.