gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Properties of Fluid Phases in Two Dimensions and of Three-Component Surfactant Systems (1989)

In this thesis, we study two fundamental problems in the theory and experiment of interfaces in simple and complex fluids.\nThe first problem concerns the critical behavior of the thickness of interface of simple fluids in two dimensions of space. We study this problem using both theory and computer simulations.\nIn our theoretical study of this problem, the equilibrium interface is assumed, in accord with current ideas, to consist of an intrinsic interface of the non-classical van der Waals type broadened by capillary wave fluctuations. It is shown that the interfacial thickness exhibits a crossover with change of critical exponent from capillary wave behavior at low temperatures to intrinsic structure behavior at temperatures extremely close to the critical temperature. The location of the crossover temperature is determined by a critical amplitude ratio.\nIn our computer simulation study of this problem, the interfacial thickness between two two-dimensional Lennard-Jones fluid phases is determined by using the method of molecular dynamics. Within statistical uncertainty, the results for the interfacial thickness are found to be consistent with the prediction of the non-classical van der Waals theory of the intrinsic interface.\nThe second problem studied in this thesis concerns the wetting behavior of three-component surfactant systems. In a three-phase equilibrium system, the middle phase either wets or does not wet the interface between the upper and lower phases. In this work, we perform a systematic experimental search for wetting transitions between wetting and nonwetting behaviors in three-component systems water/n-alkane/C$\\sb{\\rm i}$E$\\sb{\\rm j}$, where C$\\sb{\\rm i}$E$\\sb{\\rm j}$ denotes the surfactant polyoxyethylene alcohol C$\\sb{\\rm i}$H$\\sb{\\rm 2i+1}$(OC$\\sb2$H$\\sb4$)$\\sb{\\rm j}$OH. It is found that two systems, water/n-hexadecane/C$\\sb6$E$\\sb2$ and water/n-octadecane/C$\\sb6$E$\\sb2$, exhibit a wetting transition lying at least 10$\\sp\\circ$C below the upper critical temperature, and one system, water/n-tetradecane/C$\\sb6$E$\\sb2$, exhibits a wetting transition lying 4.3$\\sp\\circ$C below the upper critical temperature.
ALBANIA'S ECONOMIC POLICIES IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN SOCIAL MODEL (2015)

This paper examines the key aspects of the main social insurance programs development in Europe, and in Albania, during different periods of time, in order to face the elements of this model, as well as the respective development. Employment and a welfare regime are both the key elements of the social model. The first element refers to the way how industrial relations are regulated, the skills development and wage settlements. The second element refers to the way how social protection is organized and social services are provided by the state, market and family in the production and distribution of welfare. Employment and welfare regimes are related, but not necessarily coherent in a wide period and intensive institutional change. The paper notes that dimension of the state welfare in the economic system is a sensitive topic in European integration. This is due to the emphasis given to the purpose of the competition, closely linked to the EU, as well as the strong relation between European social model and integration in the European Union, whose candidate status also Albania holds.
The Essential Function of the Small Tim Proteins in the TIM22 Import Pathway Does Not Depend on Formation of the Soluble 70-Kilodalton Complex (2001)

The TIM22 protein import pathway of the yeast mitochondrion contains several components, including a family of five proteins (Tim8p, -9p, -10p, -12p, and -13p [Tim, for translocase of inner membrane]) that are located in the intermembrane space and are 25% identical. Tim9p and Tim10p have dual roles in mediating the import of inner membrane proteins. Like the Tim8p-Tim13p complex, the Tim9p-Tim10p complex functions as a putative chaperone to guide hydrophobic precursors across the intermembrane space. Like membrane-associated Tim12p, they are members of the Tim18p-Tim22p-Tim54p membrane complex that mediates precursor insertion into the membrane. To understand the role of this family in protein import, we have used a genetic approach to manipulate the complement of the small Tim proteins. A strain has been constructed that lacks the 70-kDa soluble Tim8p-Tim13p and Tim9p-Tim10p complexes in the intermembrane space. Instead, a functional version of Tim9p (Tim9(S67C)p), identified as a second-site suppressor of a conditional tim10 mutant, maintains viability. Characterization of this strain revealed that Tim9(S67C)p and Tim10p were tightly associated with the inner membrane, the soluble 70-kDa Tim8p-Tim13p and Tim9p-Tim10p complexes were not detectable, and the rate of protein import into isolated mitochondria proceeded at a slower rate. An arrested translocation intermediate bound to Tim9(S67C)p was located in the intermembrane space, associated with the inner membrane. We suggest that the 70-kDa complexes facilitate import, similar to the outer membrane receptors of the TOM (hetero-oligomeric translocase of the outer membrane) complex, and the essential role of Tim9p and Tim10p may be to mediate protein insertion in the inner membrane with the TIM22 complex.
Interconnects for submicron ASICs (2003)

It is suggested that the ULSI application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) requirements of high performance and density can be met with a high-conductivity multilevel interconnect. The proposed interconnect system will utilize salicide and local interconnect technology to reduce device parasitics and a novel metal structure to improve reliability. The metal levels consist of layered conductors composed of antireflection material on top and barrier material on the bottom of the Al-Cu conductor. Planarization is a must for each level of interconnects as well as contact and via fill such as selective tungsten or blanket tungsten deposition and etch back. It is imperative to determine a metal structure that is compatible with the overall multilevel interconnect process flow and is capable of meeting the reliability requirements of the interconnects. Innovations will also be needed in the new interconnect structure to provide coincident contacts and vias to meet the stringent requirements of submicron ASIC applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Potential antipsychotic BMY 14802 selectively binds to sigma sites (1987)

Abstract BMY 14802 presents a pharmacologic profile which, from behaviral testing, suggests potential as an antipsychotic agent with fewer side effects than currently available drugs. In marked contrast to these agents, BMY 14802 appears to have a “nondopaminergic” site of action. In view of the suggestion that antagonists of the so‐called s̀ site (labelled with high affinity by N‐allylnormetazocine and sensitive to haloperidol) may represent a new approach in the development of potential antipsychotic agents, we investigated the interaction of BMY 14802 with this site. We report that BMY 14802 selectively inhibited binding at this site, displaying stereospecificity, with the dextrorotatory form more potent than the levorotatory enatiomer, and that (+) BMY 14802 inhibited binding at this site in a competitive fashion.
The Human Ageing Genomic Resources: online databases and tools for biogerontologists (2008)

Aging is a complex, challenging phenomenon that requires multiple, interdisciplinary approaches to unravel its puzzles. To assist basic research on aging, we developed the Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR). This work provides an overview of the databases and tools in HAGR and describes how the gerontology research community can employ them. Several recent changes and improvements to HAGR are also presented. The two centrepieces in HAGR are GenAge and AnAge. GenAge is a gene database featuring genes associated with aging and longevity in model organisms, a curated database of genes potentially associated with human aging, and a list of genes tested for their association with human longevity. A myriad of biological data and information is included for hundreds of genes, making GenAge a reference for research that reflects our current understanding of the genetic basis of aging. GenAge can also serve as a platform for the systems biology of aging, and tools for the visualization of protein-protein interactions are also included. AnAge is a database of aging in animals, featuring over 4000 species, primarily assembled as a resource for comparative and evolutionary studies of aging. Longevity records, developmental and reproductive traits, taxonomic information, basic metabolic characteristics, and key observations related to aging are included in AnAge. Software is also available to aid researchers in the form of Perl modules to automate numerous tasks and as an SPSS script to analyse demographic mortality data. The HAGR are available online at http://genomics.senescence.info.
The complexation of aqueous metal ions relevant to biological applications. 1. Poorly soluble zinc salts and enhanced solubility with added amino acid (2008)

The effect of added amino acid (glycine, alanine and serine) on the solubility of zinc citrate, zinc succinate and zinc oxalate was investigated. Equilibrated solutions were prepared and titrated to endpoint at pH 5.5 with Na2EDTA using Xylenol Orange indicator. In every case, a significant enhancement in solubility was seen as the amino acid increased from 1 to 50 molar excess. The increase was non-linear, and, with zinc succinate, showed saturation effects. In these cases, solution composition may be more complicated than initially thought, including mixed-ligand complexes and increasing percent free metal ion as the proportion of amino acid increases.
A fast and sensitive built-in current sensor for IDDQ testing (2002)

In this work, a fast and highly sensitive Built-in Current (BIC) sensor is proposed for testing static CMOS ICs. The sensor employs a current mirror and an I-V converter to achieve the high sensing speed and high resolution. The circuit is simple and occupies a small area, making it ideal to be integrated into the IC chip for the IDDQ application.
Virulent Vaccine Strains of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Not Distinguishable from Wild-Type Viruses with the Use of a Molecular Marker (2002)

Molecular techniques have not only made timely and accurate detection of infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) possible but also have allowed the identification of viral strains. Previously, we identified a genetic marker that distinguished wild-type IBDV strains from vaccine strains of the virus. The marker was an NgoM IV restriction enzyme site in the VP2 gene that was present in 10 wild-type viruses but not 16 vaccine strains of IBDV. On the basis of that study, we concluded that the NgoM IV marker could be useful in the identification of wild-type potentially pathogenic strains of this virus. Because virulent (hot) vaccine strains of IBDV are used to vaccinate commercial poultry, it was important to determine if the NgoM IV marker was present in these virulent vaccines. The infectious bursal disease Blen and Bursa Vac virulent vaccines were examined and determined to contain the marker. We concluded that the presence of this marker was not unique to wild-type strains of the virus. The absence of the NgoM IV marker, however, was consistent with some level of attenuation, and its presence appears to be consistent with virulent IBDV strains.
Adapting bilateral directional processing to individual and situational influences (2017)

This study examined differences in benefit from bilateral directional processing. Groups of listeners with symmetric or asymmetric audiograms <2 kHz, a large spread in the binaural contribution to speech-in-noise reception (BILD), and no difference in age or overall degree of hearing loss took part. Aided speech reception was measured using virtual acoustics together with a simulation of a linked pair of hearing aids. Five processing schemes and three acoustic scenarios were used. The processing schemes differed in the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and binaural cue preservation. The acoustic scenarios consisted of a frontal target talker and two lateral speech maskers or spatially diffuse noise. For both groups, a significant interaction between the BILD, processing scheme, and acoustic scenario was found. This interaction implied that, for lateral speech maskers, users with BILDs >2 dB profit more from low-frequency binaural cues than from greater SNR improvement, whereas for smaller BILDs the opposite is true. Audiometric asymmetry reduced the BILD influence. In spatially diffuse noise, maximal SNR improvement was beneficial. Moreover, binaural tone-in-noise detection (N<sub>0</sub>S<sub>π</sub> threshold) at 500 Hz predicted benefit from low-frequency binaural cues. These results provide a basis for adapting bilateral directional processing to the user and the scenario.
The RNA Aptamer Inhibiting Human Vesicular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 without Affecting Cytokine Binding (2013)

Angiogenesis, a process of new blood vessel formation, is crucial not only for many physiological events but also for a number of diseases. The signaling pathways through members of the vesicular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family play fundamental roles in angiogenesis. In this study, we identified inhibitory RNA aptamers against human Flt-1, a receptor of VEGF. One of the isolates, aptamer #38, showed a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 23 nM in the cell-based autophosphorylation assay, and the IC50 value was decreased to 6.3 nM upon removal of 32 dispensable nucleotides from parental #38 with a length of 72 nucleotides. Interestingly, the surface plasmon resonance-based or affinity resin-based binding study revealed that #38 and its shortened derivative, #38Jr, do not interfere with binding of VEGF or heparin, a functional cofactor, to Flt-1. Importantly, aptamer #38 does not affect the decoy activity of soluble Flt-1. These findings suggest that #38 prevents the conformational activation of Flt-1 associated with VEGF. Therefore, aptamer #38 might provide us with a unique tool for blocking the VEGF signaling specific to Flt-1, unlike most other known VEGF signaling blockers such as VEGF inhibitors, anti-Flt-1 antibodies, and decoy soluble receptors.
Use of visualization techniques in analysis of well failures in diatomite reservoirs (1996)

Scientific visualization is being increasingly applied in reservoir management, particularly in such areas as geologic characterization, reservoir simulation, and geophysics. Visualization can be combined with laboratory studies, numerical modeling, and other types of analyses to solve complex reservoir problems. An example is an ongoing study of well failures in the diatomite reservoirs of California.
462. The absorption of antibacterial substances (2 : 8-diaminoacridine and methylene-blue) by cells of Bact. lactis ærogenes (1948)

A. R. Peacocke and C. Hinshelwood, J. Chem. Soc., 1948, 2290 DOI: 10.1039/JR9480002290
Oil Reservoirs and Oil Production (2014)

This chapter introduces the world of petroleum. This is done as follows: first, a description of the reservoir object, which could be compared to the setting for a play; second, a presentation of fluids in the reservoir, which is like a presentation of the characters of this play; third, a description of production mechanisms, which could be compared to the history of the play; and fourth, a quick look at drilling, completion, and surface facilities, which are like methods of technical assistance for the smooth running of the play. Three classical steps are distinguished in oil recovery. Primary recovery corresponds to natural drive. It is obtained simply by reduction of the pressure in the reservoir. Secondary recovery consists of the injection of another fluid, water or gas, to maintain the reservoir pressure and to produce more oil. Tertiary recovery includes different and more sophisticated techniques aimed at increasing microscopic efficiency or sweep efficiency.
High speed, high power one-dimensional beam steering from a 6-element optical phased array (2012)

Beam steering at high speed and high power is demonstrated from a 6-element optical phased array using coherent beam combining (CBC) techniques. The steering speed, defined as the inverse of the time to required to sweep the beam across the steering range, is 40 MHz and the total power is 396 mW. The measured central lobe FWHM width is 565 μrad. High on-axis intensity is maintained periodically by phase-locking the array via a stochastic-parallel-gradient-descent (SPGD) algorithm. A master-oscillator-power-amplifier (MOPA) configuration is used where the amplifier array elements are semiconductor slab-coupled-optical-waveguide-amplifiers (SCOWAs). The beam steering is achieved by LiNbO(3) phase modulators; the phase-locking occurs by current adjustment of the SCOWAs. The system can be readily scaled to GHz steering speed and multiwatt-class output.
Fluorescent constituents and cultivation of Lampteromyces japonicus (1970)

Fluorescent compounds which may be related to the bioluminescence of L. japonicus, i.e., illudin S and ergostatetra-4,6,8(14),22-en-3-one, have been isolated from the fruiting bodies and mycelia; conditions for growing the mushrooms in a bioluminescent state are also described.
A 1.8 V 700 Mb/s/pin 512 Mb DDR-II SDRAM with on-die termination and off-chip driver calibration (2003)

A 1.8 V 700 Mb/s/pin 512 Mb DDR-II SDRAM is JEDEC standard compliant. With the hierarchical I/O line and local sensing, t/sub AA/ /t/sub RCD//t/sub RP/ of 3/3/3 at 533 Mb/s are achieved in the design. For signal integrity at 533 Mb/s, off-chip driver calibration and on-die termination are employed.
Enzymes Encoded by the Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Gene Family in the Big Sagebrush Artemisia tridentata ssp. spiciformis (2003)

Farnesyl diphosphate synthase catalyzes the sequential head-to-tail condensation of two molecules of isopentenyl diphosphate with dimethylallyl diphosphate. In plants the presence of farnesyl diphosphate synthase isozymes offers the possibility of differential regulation. Three full-length cDNAs encoding putative isoprenoid synthases, FDS-1, FDS-2, and FDS-5, with greater than 89% similarity were isolated from a Big Sagebrush Artemisia tridentata cDNA library using a three-step polymerase chain reaction protocol. One of the open reading frames, FDS-5, encoded a protein with an N-terminal amino acid extension that was identified as a plastidial targeting peptide. Recombinant histidine-tagged versions of three proteins were purified, and their enzymatic properties were characterized. FDS-1 and FDS-2 synthesized farnesyl diphosphate as the final chain elongation product, but their kinetic behavior varied. FDS-1 prefers geranyl diphosphate over dimethylallyl diphosphate as an allylic substrate and is active at acidic pH values compared with FDS-2. In contrast, FDS-5 synthesized two irregular monoterpenoids, chrysanthemyl diphosphate and lavandulyl diphosphate, when incubated with dimethylallyl diphosphate and an additional product, the regular monoterpene geranyl diphosphate, when incubated with isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. Specific cellular functions are proposed for each of the three enzymes, and a scenario for evolution of isoprenyl synthases in plants is presented.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus: new concepts on etiology and diagnosis. (2000)

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is remarkable for two reasons: 1) it is one of the few treatable causes of dementia, and 2) neuroradiologists are usually involved in making the diagnosis. Hakim and Adams [(1)][1] are generally credited with the initial description of NPH, although it may
Application of the Hough transform to Doppler-time image processing (2003)

Doppler-time images (DTIs) of a rotating object were formed from the returns of high resolution radars by expressing the Doppler values as a function of time over a span of ranges. Returns from scatterers on the object yielded a characteristic signature of the object's rotation: a section of a sinusoid centered about the negatively sloped zero-crossing. As several scatterers are usually present, these signatures may overlap. The return from each scatterer is noisy and, more importantly, may be missing (falling below the detection threshold) or may be multi-valued (yielding several values exceeding the detection threshold). The Hough transform-the extraction of parametrically expressible features-was used to extract straight line approximations to the return signatures. This algorithm is shown to be insensitive to missing or extraneous values. Quantization in Hough transform computation is shown to determine the sensitivity of the calculation to noisy values. Parameters of the signatures were extracted using a data-dependent clustering algorithm designed to be insensitive to quantization and feature parameterization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experiments on rigid body-based controllers with input preshaping for a two-link flexible manipulator (1994)

Dynamics of multi-link flexible manipulators are highly nonlinear. Furthermore, the vibrational frequencies of these manipulators are configuration-dependent. Therefore, any feedforward or feedback algorithm has to deal with these frequency variations. In this paper, an inner-loop nonlinear controller based on feedback linearization of O(1) dynamics derived from an asymptotic expansion is utilized. It is shown that this control scheme significantly reduces the frequency variations due to the geometric configuration of the arm and cancels some of the nonlinearities due to Coriolis and centripetal effects. The advocated control law is compared and contrasted to an independent joint-based PD controller. However, since the aforementioned controllers are joint-based control schemes, significant vibrations are still induced at the end-effector. To this end, these control schemes are augmented with an input preshaper for vibration suppression. The objective is to preshape the reference input signals so that a vibration free output is achieved. The input preshaping scheme is shown to be effective when the plant dynamics are linear and time-invariant. These assumptions do not hold for the multi-link flexible manipulators as alluded to above. Application of an inner-loop nonlinear control to cancel some of the nonlinearities and to reduce configuration dependence of structural frequencies enhances the performance of the advocated input preshaping scheme or any other outer-loop linear control design. Experimental and simulation results for a two-link flexible manipulator are provided to validate the effectiveness of the advocated controllers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancement of the photocytotoxic efficiency of sub-12 nm therapeutic polymeric micelles with increased co-localisation in mitochondria (2013)

We engineered phototherapeutic sub-12 nm-sized polymeric micelles to treat malignant brain tumours (MBTs). The engineered nanoparticles in MBT cells enhanced the photocytotoxic efficiency more than 2.5-fold compared with parental and PEGylated photosensitisers (PSs). Increased subcellular co-localisation of PSs in mitochondria was observed.
Research on Task Scheduling Algorithm Based on Trust in Cloud Computing (2016)

1. College of Information Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin ,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 541004 2. Guilin University of Technology GuangXi key Laboratory of Embedded Technology and Intelligent Information Processing China, 541004 1. College of Information Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin ,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 541004 920717554@qq.com