gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dust suppression in swine feed using soybean oil (1995)

Dust generation from swine feed (corn-soybean meal diet) treated with soybean oil was investigated using a cement mixer in a plywood box. Airborne total dust concentrations in the box were measured gravimetrically using a vacuum pump and filters while 12-kg feed samples were constantly mixed. The treatment factors were soybean oil concentration (0, 1, and 3%), corn bulk density (normal, 730 kg/m3 and low, 600 kg/m3), time of oil addition (before vs after grinding the corn), and storage time (0, 7, and 14 d). The feed was a mixture of soybean meal, base mix, and adjusted amounts of ground corn and soybean oil. Adding soybean oil after grinding at 1 and 3% levels to feed made with normal-bulk density corn suppressed total dust generation (3.39 and .99 mg/m3, respectively) (P < .001) compared with the no oil treatment (29.1 mg/m3). The 3% soybean oil treatment suppressed dust generation (.99 mg/m3) more than the 1% soybean oil treatment (3.39 mg/m3) (P < .001). Adding soybean oil after grinding the corn suppressed dust generation more than adding the oil to the corn before grinding for every oil level (P < .001). More dust was generated by feed made from low-bulk density corn than by feed made with normal-bulk density corn at every oil level (P < .001). There was no evidence of any storage time or treatment × storage time interactions.
An Alternative Method for the Highly Selective Iodination of Alcohols Using a CsI/BF<sub>3</sub>·Et<sub>2</sub>O System (2003)

Abstract A variety of allylic and benzylic alcohols have been converted into the corresponding iodides using cesium iodide (CsI) in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate (BF3·Et2O) in acetonitrile under mild conditions.
Copper(ii)-catalyzed C–O coupling of aryl bromides with aliphatic diols: synthesis of ethers, phenols, and benzo-fused cyclic ethers (2014)

A highly efficient copper-catalyzed C-O cross-coupling reaction between aryl bromides and aliphatic diols has been developed employing a cheaper, more efficient, and easily removable copper(II) catalyst. A broad range of aryl bromides were coupled with aliphatic diols of different lengths using 5 mol% CuCl2 and 3 equivalents of K2CO3 in the absence of any other ligands or solvents to afford the corresponding hydroxyalkyl aryl ethers in good to excellent yields. In this newly developed protocol, aliphatic diols have multilateral functions as coupling reactants, ligands, and solvents. The resulting hydroxyalkyl aryl ethers were further readily converted into the corresponding phenols, presenting a valuable alternative way to phenols from aryl bromides. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that they are useful intermediates for more advanced molecules such as benzofurans and benzo-fused cyclic ethers.
Rapid Catalyst Capture Enables Metal-Free Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarized Contrast Agents (2018)

Hyperpolarization techniques based on the use of parahydrogen provide orders of magnitude signal enhancement for magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. The main drawback limiting widespread applicability of parahydrogen-based techniques in biomedicine is the presence of organometallic compounds (the polarization transfer catalysts) in solution with hyperpolarized contrast agents. These catalysts are typically complexes of platinum-group metals and their administration in vivo should be avoided. Herein, we show how extraction of a hyperpolarized compound from an organic phase to an aqueous phase combined with a rapid (less than 10 seconds) Ir-based catalyst capture by metal scavenging agents can produce pure parahydrogen-based hyperpolarized contrast agents as demonstrated by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The presented methodology enables fast and efficient means of producing pure hyperpolarized aqueous solutions for biomedical and other uses.
Image Enhancement Techniques for Cockpit Displays (1974)

Abstract : The major objective of this research program was to develop and evaluate three techniques for the real-time enhancement of sensor displays in the airborne cockpit environment. Two enhancement techniques developed and optimized for contrast enhancement are Local Area Brightness and Gain Control (LABGC) and Local Area Histogram Equalization (LAHE). Haar Transform Crispening (HTC) is another technique that was developed and optimized during this program. HTC may be used to sharpen edges in an image which are blurred due to misfocused optics or MTF roll-off. An evaluation of the enhancement techniques includes subjective evaluations for specific operator tasks and a comparison of mechanization complexities. Photographs of original and enhanced images are included.
Distinctive Stress-Stiffening Responses of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Protein Polymers under Nanoscale Gap Geometries: Effect of Shear on Silk Fibroin-Based Materials (2018)

Interfacial dynamics, assembly processes, and changes in nanostructures and mechanical properties of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) proteins under varying degrees of nanoconfinement without and with lateral shear are investigated. When only compressive confinement forces were applied, SF proteins adsorbed on the surfaces experienced conformational changes following the Alexander-de Gennes theory of polymer brushes. By contrast, when SF proteins were exposed to a simultaneous nanoconfinement and shear, remarkable changes in interaction forces were observed, displaying the second order phase transitions, which are attributed to the formation of SF micelles and globular superstructural aggregates via hierarchical assembly processes. The resultant nanostructured SF aggregates show several folds greater elastic moduli than those of SF films prepared by drop-casting and compression-only and even degummed SF fibers. Such a striking improvement in mechanical strength is ascribed to a directional organization of β-sheet nanocrystals, effectively driven by nanoconfinement and shear stress-induced stiffing and ordering mechanisms.
Characteristics of KTN Pyroelectric Detectors (1972)

Various properties of potassium tantalate potassium niobate (KTN) related to pyroelectric detection were studied. Measurements of dielectric constant, spontaneous polarization, and pyroelectric coefficient versus electric field for various temperatures are given. Enhanced responsivity and D* due to improved pyroelectric coefficient with biasing was observed. Theoretical expressions exhibit similar results. A D* of 3×107Hz12cm12 with no biasing and 1.3×108Hz12cm12 at optimum biasing were obtained.
TDFA/FOPA hybrid for broadband amplification and frequency conversion in optical communications (2006)

A serial combination of a Tm3+-doped fibre and a fibre-optic parametric amplifier is explored for broadband signal amplification and frequency conversion. Amplification of the entire S-band and frequency conversion into the C- and L-band are achieved. Performance limitations are discussed and improved configurations proposed.
Biosynthesis of Biotin: Synthesis of 7,8-Diaminopelargonic Acid in Cell-Free Extracts of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1971)

Cell-free extracts prepared from a biotin auxotroph of Escherichia coli were active in catalyzing the synthesis of 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid, an intermediate of the biotin pathway, from 7-oxo-8-aminopelargonic acid. The product was identified on the basis of its chromatographic characteristics and its biotin activities for biotin auxotrophs of E. coli. Enzyme activity was determined in a reaction coupled with the desthiobiotin synthetase system, which is required for the conversion of 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid to desthiobiotin, and by measuring the amount of desthiobiotin formed by microbiological assay. The reaction was stimulated by l-methionine and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. l-Methionine could not be replaced by any other amino acids tested. Pyridoxamine and pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate were as active as pyridoxal phosphate. The enzyme, presumably an aminotransferase, was demonstrable in the parent strain of E. coli and all mutant strains tested with the exception of a strain which is able to grow on diaminopelargonic acid but not on 7-oxo-8-aminopelargonic acid. Furthermore, the enzyme was repressible by biotin. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that the biosynthesis of 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid from 7-oxo-8-aminopelargonic acid is an obligatory step in the biosynthetic pathway of biotin in E. coli.
Use of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate–Containing Medical Products and Urinary Levels of Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Infants (2005)

Intensive use of DEHP-containing medical devices in NICU infants results in higher exposure to DEHP as reflected by elevated urinary levels of MEHP.
Phenotype-genotype relationships of SULT1A1 in human liver and variations in the IC50 of the SULT1A1 inhibitor quercetin (2004)

Human sulfotransferases catalyze sulfate conjugation and 2 polymorphic genes, SULT1A1 and SULT1A2 in this family of transferases have been identified, encoding for 2 isoenzymes with very similar properties and substrate specificities. In order to test the hypothesis that variability in sulfation is due to genetic polymorphism in SULT1A1, the sulfation rate of 4-nitrophenol, a diagnostic substrate, was measured in 50 human liver samples and the genotype at the SULT1A1 locus was analyzed. The rate of 4-nitrophenol sulfation varied from 473 - 1,405 pmol/min/mg between the 5th and 95th percentiles, with a median and a mean +/- SD of 757 and 807 +/- 292 pmol/min/mg, respectively. The activities detected among the SULT1A1*2/*2 homozygotes (5 cases) were significantly lower than those of the other 2 genotypes, SULTA1*11/*1 and SULT1A1*1/*2 (5 and 40 cases, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference found between the SULT1A1*1/*1 and SULT1A1*1/*2 genotypes. To evaluate the possible influence of SULT1A2 polymorphism, genotype assays were also performed for this locus. No SULT1A2*2/*2 carrier, 26 SULT1A2*1/*1 and 24 SULT1A2*1/*2 were detected in the population sample under study. However, no correlation between the rate of 4-nitrophenol sulfation and the SULT1A2 genotype was detected. These results confirm that the variation in the rate of 4-nitrophenol sulfation in human liver is mainly due to SULT1A. Since SULT1A1*1/*2 polymorphism accounts for no more than 10% of the phenotypic variation seen in this cohort, other factors must also contribute to the variability in the rate of 4-nitrophenol sulfation in human liver. However, on the basis of the data obtained, variations in age, gender and liver function as possible causative factors can be excluded. The IC50 of quercetin, a potent inhibitor of 4-nitrophenol sulfation, was measured in the liver samples and ranged from 4.6 to 17.3 nM between the 5th and 95th percentiles. The median and the mean +/- SD were 7.7 nM and 8.3 +/- 2.5 nM, respectively. There was a weak but significant correlation between the IC50 value and age of the liver donors (r = 0.283, p = 0.046). The observed variation did not correlate with the genotypes at the SULT1A1 and SULT1A2 loci.
Large Perovskite Grain Growth in Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Planar p-i-n Solar Cells by Sodium Addition (2016)

Thin-film p-i-n type planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells have the advantage of full low temperature solution processability and can, therefore, be adopted in roll-to-roll production and flexible devices. One of the main challenges with these devices, however, is the ability to finely control the film morphology during the deposition and crystallization of the perovskite layer. Processes suitable for optimization of the perovskite layer film morphology with large grains are highly desirable for reduced recombination of charge carriers. Here, we show how uniform thin films with micron size perovskite grains can be made through the use of a controlled amount of sodium ions in the precursor solution. Large micrometer-size CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite grains are formed during low-temperature thin-film growth by adding sodium ions to the PbI2 precursor solution in a two-step interdiffusion process. By adjusting additive concentration, film morphologies were optimized and the fabricated p-i-n planar perovskite-PCBM solar cells showed improved power conversion efficiences (an average of 3-4% absolute efficiency enhancement) compared to the nonsodium based devices. Overall, the additive enhanced grain growth process helped to reach a high 14.2% solar cell device efficiency with low hysteresis. This method of grain growth is quite general and provides a facile way to fabricate large-grained CH3NH3PbI3 on any arbitrary surface by an all solution-processed route.
Radioimmunoassay for 4-hydroxyoestrone in human urine (1981)

Under the protection of ascorbic acid a 4-hydroxyoestrone-bovine serum albumin conjugate was prepared containing intact 4-hydroxyoestrone as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using this antigen, antibodies with high affinity and specificity for 4-hydroxyoestrone were raised in rabbits. An assay procedure for the determination of 4-hydroxyoestrone in human urine and the assessment of its reliability are described. The following urinary excretion rates were found: male children 0.29 microgram/24 h, men (less than 50 microgram/24 h, men (20-40 years) 1.6 microgram/24 h, men (less than 50 years) 1.8 microgram/24 h, women, follic, 2.0 microgram/24 h, pre-ov. 5.3 microgram/24 h, luteal 2.4 microgram/24 h, women, pregnant, first trim. 30.0 microgram/24 h, second trim. 64.0 microgram/24 h, third trim. 48.0 microgram/24 h, women, post-men. 1.5 microgram/24 h. Thus the amounts of 4-hydroxyoestrone excreted in human urine are about 1/3 to 1/10 of those of 2-hydroxyoestrone. During the menstrual cycle the excretion rates of 4-hydroxyoestrone are in the same order of magnitude as those of oestradiol and show a clear-cut pre-ovulatory peak.
Tuning controllers on distillation columns with the distillate-bottoms structure (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTuning controllers on distillation columns with the distillate-bottoms structureHeleni S. Papastathopoulou and William L. LuybenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 9, 1859–1868Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00105a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00105a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-thread security constraint economic dispatch with exact loss formulation (2010)

This paper proposes a new method for solving economic dispatch problems in electrical power systems through the application of multithread programming. Multi-Thread Interior Point Barrier Algorithm, an efficient quadratic programming algorithm, is used to solve economic dispatch problem. The barrier algorithm also caters for any combination of polynomial functions such as polynomial cost functions. Nonlinear characteristics of electrical power system such as generators limitations, transmission losses and nonlinear cost functions are considered in the economic dispatch formulation. Exact transmission loss formula is used in the equality constraint in the economic dispatch equations. The transmission loss coefficients are calculated by using a multi-thread programming. To ensure the optimal dispatch satisfies the line flow limits, line flow constraints has been added to formulation as a security constraint. This optimization problem enable us to solve economic dispatch problems faster, so it is suitable for unit commitment problems and the other power system problems which need to get reasonable speed. IEEE 30, 57, 118 bus case studies are presented and tested with the proposed method.
Plant Nucleases (1978)

Corn (Zea mays L.) ribonuclease II of the root microsomal fraction was isolated from 11 inbreds and seven hybrids. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a total of five bands of activity among corn lines tested. Most inbreds had only one isoenzyme, but three had two isoenzymes. The hybrids tested contained all of the isoenzymes found in the parental inbreds.
Latin Hypercube Sampling Techniques for Power Systems Reliability Analysis With Renewable Energy Sources (2011)

This paper proposes Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) methods for reliability analysis of power systems including renewable energy sources, with an emphasis on the fluctuation of bus loads and intermittent behavior of renewable generations such as wind and solar power. The LHS methods that are applicable for systems with correlated random variables-system load and renewable generation-are proposed. Reliability indices such as loss of load expectation and loss of load probability are estimated. Results from Monte Carlo (MC) sequential sampling, MC nonsequential sampling, and that from the proposed LHS methods are compared. It is shown that the proposed methods are as accurate as the other sampling methods while requiring much less CPU time. Two case studies modified from the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) and IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE RTS) are presented to demonstrate the performances of the proposed sampling methods.
Astrometric Observations (1971)

If one wants to study the physical characteristics of individual asteroids, he must first find them and be prepared to track them accurately during observation. To make the necessary predictions, the positions of asteroids are measured in reference frames defined by stars of known coordinates as the input information for calculation of orbits and ephemerides. Continuation of positional observations over lengthening arcs provides the basis for improvements of orbits and increased accuracy of ephemerides.
Frequency dependence of the optical force between two coupled waveguides (2009)

We investigate the frequency dependence of the optical force between two coupled waveguides using the supermode theory. We show that the frequency dependence of the optical force in a coupled waveguide system is determined by the dispersion relations of uncoupled individual waveguides. We further numerically calculate the optical force of three representative coupled systems at different frequencies and show that these results agree well with the supermode analysis.
An automatic generation of management information base (MIB) for OSI based network management system (2002)

The authors propose an automatic generation of a management information base (MIB), which forms one part of the total NMS (network management system) development support tools. The proposed MIB has capabilities to manage the management information distributed over a network, and gives a convenient object-oriented interface for application programs to handle the distributed information in a transparent fashion. MIB libraries and tools have been developed, part of which can be used as the application interfaces, while others are used internally in the MIB. These libraries and tools cooperatively make possible the automatic generation of MIB. The implementation of the proposed MIB has been done, and it is being applied to real NMS products.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Bunch of Wires (BoW) Interface for Inter-Chiplet Communication (2019)

Multi-Chiplet system-in-package designs have recently received a lot of attention as a mechanism to combat high SoC design costs and to economically manufacture large ASICs. Multi-Chiplet designs require low-power area-efficient inter-Chiplet communication. Current technologies either extend on-chip high-wire count buses using silicon interposers or off-package serial buses over organic substrates. The former approach leads to expensive packaging. The latter to complex design. We propose a simple Bunch of Wires (BoW) interface that combines the ease of development of parallel interfaces with the low cost of organic substrates.
Abnormal behavior detection and behavior matching for networked cameras (2008)

In this work we consider two problems for video surveillance applications: (a) abnormal behavior detection and (b) behavior matching across cameras. We propose busy-idle rates, meaningful and easy to compute features of foreground objects, to characterize the behavior profile of a given pixel. We use these features to model the typical behavior that is observed in training sequences. Using a small number of samples for each pixel we generate behavior clusters, wherein pixels with similar behavior profiles fall into the same cluster. We then generate probabilistic models corresponding to behavior clusters, and use these models to perform abnormal behavior detection. We next show geometry independence properties of busy-idle rates. Simply stated, a set of objects observed by multiple cameras, under certain conditions, generate similar busy-idle statistics in each camera, and this holds true regardless of the camera orientation with respect to the scene and regardless of the zoom levels. We demonstrate this result via real world camera networks. Based on the premise of geometry independence, we use busy-idle rates and bring a novel approach to behavior matching problems, where the segments of image frame that exhibit similar behavior profiles are matched across cameras. This novel approach deviates from geometry based methods, and greatly simplifies the behavior matching problem.
Silica-air double-clad optical fiber (2000)

A new design of the silica-air double-clad optical fiber is proposed. The fiber was prepared from an MCVD preform inserted into a supporting silica tube with a fluorine-doped connective element with a lower refractive index (/spl Delta/n/spl sim/-4/spl times/10/sup -3/) and air as the second cladding. A numerical aperture as high as 0.3 was measured for the first cladding and for fiber lengths up to 50 cm. Although it is realized that the results are preliminary, the optimization of the fiber parameters promises a new all-glass design for double-clad optical fibers for high-power fiber laser applications.
Acetabular Fractures in the Elderly: An Easily Missed Diagnosis (1993)

Two case reports of low-energy acetabular fractures in elderly people are presented. Both fractures were initially missed because standard hip radiographs were interpreted to be normal. Furthermore, the clinical findings were not strong enough to give the impression of a hip joint fracture. If there is pain in the hip region after a fall, in combination with the absence of clinical findings, appropriate radiographs should be taken to look for acetabular trauma.