gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Just in time for America (1989)

This is a book about change. Our world is constantly changing. It always has. Since the dawn of creation the human race has survived as a species and prospered because it could adapt to those change.
The dye SYPRO orange binds to amylin amyloid fibrils but not pre‐fibrillar intermediates (2016)

Amyloid deposition underlies a broad range of diseases including multiple neurodegenerative diseases, systemic amyloidosis and type-2 diabetes. Amyloid sensitive dyes, particularly thioflavin-T, are widely used to detect ex-vivo amyloid deposits, to monitor amyloid formation in vitro and to follow the kinetics of amyloid self-assembly. We show that the dye SYPRO-orange binds to amyloid fibrils formed by human amylin, the polypeptide responsible for islet amyloid formation in type-2 diabetes. No fluorescence enhancement is observed in the presence of pre-fibrillar species or in the presence of non-amyloidogenic rat amylin. The kinetics of human amylin amyloid formation can be monitored by SYPRO-orange fluorescence and match the time course determined with thioflavin-T assays. Thus, SYPRO-orange offers an alternative to thioflavin-T assays of amylin amyloid formation. The implications for the interpretation of SYPRO-orange-based assays of protein stability and protein-ligand interactions are discussed.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Interferon Alfa-2a Plus Vinblastine Versus Vinblastine Alone in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Cancer (1999)

The combination of IFNalpha2a plus VLB is superior to VLB alone in the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This is the first study to demonstrate that survival can be prolonged by using IFNalpha2a for these patients.
Comparison between the Persian textile design and the Byzantine textile design in their patterns (1987)

The purpose of this study was to compare with the Persian texile design having an out-standing skill in fertile designs with the Byzantine textile dosing being influenced a lot by Christinity and many Oriental factors including Hellenism. These two textile design have some similarities and differences in their patterns. The results of the study were as follows: Similarities ; 1. The Persian traditional animals, hunting scenes and cavaliers are used as the major subject in both patterns. 2. Decorative designs enclosed circular are used in both patterns. Differences ; 1. The Persian textile designs are based on Zoroasterianism, and their animal designs have the Zoroasterian religious meanings. While the Byzantine designs are affected by the Christianity. In the Byantine textile designs, the mythical subjects from ancient Rome and Greece, and the circus scenes are dominent. 3. The Persian textile designs are combative, momentary, dignifed, and realistic pattern, while the Byzantin textile designs are playful, sketchy, humouristic, and evasive pattern. 4. Vivid color effect was found in the Persian textile patterns: however, more refined and gorgeous color was used by the Byzantine textile patterns. Thus, the Persian and the Byzantine textile patterns have interrelations with each other. In general, the Persian textile patterns have affected a great deal on the Byzantine textine textile patterns. They are essentially corelated with each other, but each of them has its own characteristics.
Exercise as an Anabolic Stimulus for Bone (2004)

Mechanical loading provides an anabolic stimulus for bone. More importantly, the mechanosensing apparatus in bone directs osteogenesis to where it is most needed for improving bone strength. The biological processes involved in bone mechanotransduction are poorly understood and further investigation of the molecular mechanisms might uncover drug targets for osteoporosis. Several pathways are emerging from current research, including membrane ion channels, ATP signaling, and second messengers such as prostaglandins and nitric oxide. Some key molecular targets include the L-type calcium channel (alpha 1C isoform), a gadolinium-sensitive stretch-activated channel, P2Y(2) and P2X(7) purinergic receptors, EP(2) and EP(4) prostanoid receptors, and the parathyroid hormone receptor. One characteristic of the mechanosensing apparatus that has only recently been studied is the important role of desensitization. Experimental protocols that insert "rest" periods to reduce the effects of desensitization can double anabolic responses to mechanical loading. A drug therapy that suppresses desensitization pathways may provide an effective means to build bone strength.
LP‐5: <i>Late‐News Poster:</i> A Novel Design Wide View Angle Partially Reflective Super Multi‐domain Homeotropically Aligned LCD (2002)

Abstract We have developed a novel partially reflective [1] super multi‐domain homeotropically aligned (Super‐MHA) TFT Liquid Crystal Display (TFT‐LCD) that has a wide viewing angle and very high contrast ratio. In addition, we make it multi‐domains for dual modes of transflective LCD without rubbing process by applying the dual Surrounding Wall Bumps [2] (SWBs) structure both in pixel and in boundary of transitive area. It also has simple process to form the dual SWB with Inner Diffusive Layer (IDL) at the same time.
A structural polypeptide of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus contains O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (1992)

A structural glycopeptide, gp41, derived from the occluded virus of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was characterized. The peptide specifically bound wheat germ agglutinin but was not recognized by a panel of seven other lectins. Reactivity with wheat germ agglutinin was eliminated by treatment of gp41 with beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, indicating that N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) was present as terminal residues. gp41 was efficiently galactosylated by galactosyltransferase only in the presence of Nonidet P-40, suggesting that GlcNAc residues are not exposed on the surface of the virion. Metabolic labelling of gp41 with [3H]GlcNAc occurred in the presence of tunicamycin. The carbohydrate was released by alkaline borohydride treatment and comigrated with N-acetylglucosaminitol in descending paper chromatography. The data indicate that gp41 contains single residues of GlcNAc O glycosidically linked to the polypeptide chain. Evidence suggesting that gp41 is located in the region between the envelope membrane and the capsid (defined here as the tegument) of the occluded virus is also presented.
All four repeating domains of the endogenous inhibitor for calcium-dependent protease independently retain inhibitory activity. Expression of the cDNA fragments in Escherichia coli. (1988)

We have already determined the primary structure of the endogenous inhibitor for calcium-dependent protease (CANP inhibitor, calpastatin) from the cDNA sequence and revealed that the CANP inhibitor contains four internally repeating units which could be responsible for its multiple reactive sites (Emori, Y., Kawasaki, H., Imajoh, S., Imahori, K., and Suzuki, K. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 3590-3594). Restriction fragments of the cDNA corresponding to each of the four domains (encoding 104-156 amino acid residues of the total 718 residues) were subcloned into the multicloning site of pUC9 or pUC18 in a direction and frame matched to the lacZ' open reading frame of the vector. Under the lac operator-promoter system, we succeeded in producing truncated fragments of the CANP inhibitor in Escherichia coli. The CANP inhibitor fragments were partially purified, and the inhibitory activities toward calcium-dependent protease (CANP) were examined. All fragments containing well conserved regions of about 30 amino acid residues (domains I-IV) located in the middle of the four units exhibited the inhibitory activity. However, their inhibitory activities varied considerably. Further truncation experiments revealed that small fragments containing 30-70 amino acid residues of the CANP inhibitor still retained inhibitory activity. From these experimental results the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) each of the four repeating units of the CANP inhibitor (about 140 amino acid residues) is a real functional unit and can inhibit CANP activity independently; and 2) domains corresponding to well conserved sequences of about 30 amino acid residues containing a consensus Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-X-Tyr-Arg sequence are essential for the inhibitory activity, and the bordering regions are important for its modulation.
Porcine A blood group-specific N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. I. Purification from porcine submaxillary glands. (1977)

The membrane-bound N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from porcine submaxillary glands which provides A blood group specificity to mucin has been purified 38,000-fold by affinity chromatography on UDP-hesanolamine-agarose in aqueous Triton X-100. Design of a suitable purification procedure was developed by assessing the strength of interaction between enzyme and affinity adsorbent using batch desorption. The pure transferase has an apparent molecular weight of 100,000 as judged by zonal centrifugation and by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence of a reducing agent. The reduced and carboxymethylated protein has an apparent molecular weight of 46,000 and 57,000 as judged by sedimentation equilibrium and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively, suggesting that the native enzyme contains two subunits. It is a glycoprotein with a specific activity of 30 micronmol/min/mg of enzyme, which is 55,000 times that reported for the same enzyme isolated from human serum.
WiLiTV: A low-cost wireless framework for live TV services (2017)

The bandwidth required for TV content distribution is rapidly increasing due to the evolution of HDTV and Ultra HDTV. Service providers are constantly trying to differentiate themselves by innovating new ways of distributing content more efficiently with lower cost and higher penetration. We propose a cost-efficient wireless framework (WiLiTV) for delivering live TV services, consisting of a mix of wireless access technologies (e.g., Satellite, WiFi and LTE overlay links). In the proposed architecture, live TV content is injected into the network at a few residential locations using satellite antennas. The content is then further distributed to other homes using a house-to-house WiFi network or LTE overlay. Our problem is to construct an optimal content distribution network with the minimum number of satellite injection points, while preserving the highest Quality of Experience (QoE), for different neighborhood densities. We evaluate the framework using time-varying demand patterns and a diverse set of home location data provided from an operational content distribution network. Our study demonstrates that the architecture requires 84-88% fewer satellite injection points, compared to traditional architectures. We have also shown that our proposed WiLiTV architecture is more robust in its support for several TV formats.
Introduction. Pleasure in the Middle Ages: Collected Papers from the 2013 Leeds International Medieval Congress (2014)

The papers in this edition of Mirabilia are derived from presentations at the 2013 Leeds International Medieval Congress (IMC). As a large gathering of scholars, the largest of its kind in Europe, with numerous sessions for short presentations, the IMC has proved an ideal forum for early career scholars. Many a young scholar, from both hemispheres and from every continent, has presented her or his first international paper at Leeds. But it is not only a forum for young scholars. Established academics come every year, presenting new ideas alongside their peers: as can be seen in the following collection.
Liquid crystalline polymer cantilever oscillators fueled by light (2009)

We report on the laser and sunlight driven, fast and large oscillation of cantilevers composed of photoresponsive liquid crystal polymer materials. The oscillation frequency, driven with a focused 100 mW laser of multiple wavelengths (457, 488, 514 nm), is as high as 270 Hz and is shown to be strongly correlated to the physical dimensions of the cantilever. The experimental frequency response is accurately described by the calculated natural resonant frequency for a non-damped cantilever. To further understand the conversion efficiency of light energy to mechanical work in the system, the oscillatory behavior of a 2.7 mm × 0.7 mm × 0.04 mm cantilever was examined at pressures ranging from 1 atm to 0.03 atm. A large increase in amplitude from 110° at STP to 250° at low pressure was observed. A first approximation of the system efficiency was calculated at 0.1%. The large increase in amplitude at low pressure indicates strong hydrodynamic loss and thus, the material efficiency is potentially much greater. Using a simple optical setup, oscillatory behavior was also demonstrated using sunlight. This work indicates the potential for remotely triggered photoactuation of photoresponsive polymer cantilevers from long distances with lasers or focused sunlight.
Unraveling the Mechanisms of Thrombosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2001)

Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital Heraklion Heraklion, Greece Reprint requests and correspondence: Ioannis E Koutroubakis, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heraklion, P.O. Box 1352, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Received Jan. 2, 2001; accepted Feb. 2, 2001.
Simulation of the surgical manipulation involved in clipping a basilar artery aneurysm: concepts of virtual clipping (2000)

✓ Despite recent advances in three-dimensional imaging based on a voxel-rendering method, these techniques do not simulate the morphological changes that occur during surgery. The authors' goal was to develop a computer-graphics model to simulate the manipulation that occurs during surgery when clipping a cerebral aneurysm. The authors developed an application program to interpolate the contours of models of an artery and an aneurysm clip. The center of displacement was determined inside the arterial model. The directions of displacement were changed to simulate saccular and broad-neck aneurysms, and the intensity of displacement was calculated by using a cosine-based formula. The morphological changes in a saccular aneurysm that may occur during clipping were calculated in x, y, and z coordinates by using sine- and cosine-based formulas. Clip movement was integrated with the aneurysm model, thus simulating the manipulation used during clipping of a cerebral aneurysm. Surgery performed to clip a basilar artery (BA) aneurysm via the transsylvian approach was simulated, in which displacement of the internal carotid artery and clipping of the BA aneurysm were necessary. The movements of an aneurysm clip and clip applicator were designed to represent those occurring when a surgeon actually manipulates a BA aneurysm. The authors have named this methodological tool “virtual clipping.” Use of this tool would assist the preoperative choice of clipping style and selection of the best clip.
Utilization of continuous pes signal for H/M component characterizations (2005)

Control of positioning cmr during compmcnt characterization is critical in head media evaluation and drive integration development. Rapid increase in areal density depends strongly on track dcnsity increase.
Photorefractive properties of 4′-nitrobenzylidene-3-acetamino-4-methoxyaniline (1993)

Undoped single crystals of the organic electro-optic material 4'-nitrobenzylidene-3-acetamino-4-methoxyaniline were found to show photorefractive effects owing to light-induced charge separation. In two-wave-mixing experiments, beam-coupling gains as high as 2.2 cm(-1) and response times as low as 8 s at writing intensities of 130 mW/cm(2) were measured at a wavelength lambda = 514.5 nm. An analysis of the experimental data shows that the beam-coupling gain is limited by the electro-optic response of the material, while the response time is characterized by a large optical absorption and a low quantum efficiency for carrier generation.
Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of cell nuclei for grading renal cell carcinoma (2005)

In this paper, we have proposed a method for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) grading, using a three-dimensional (3D) quantitative analysis of cell nuclei based on digital image cytometry. We acquired volumetric RCC data for each grade using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and developed a method for grading RCC using 3D visualization and quantitative analysis of cell nuclei. First, we used a method of segmenting cell nuclei based on Pun's method. Second, to determine quantitative features, we used a 3D labeling method based on slice information. After applying the labeling algorithm, we determined the measurements of cell nuclei using 3D quantitative analysis. To evaluate which of the quantitative features provided by 3D analysis could contribute to diagnostic information and could increase accuracy in nuclear grading, we analyzed statistical differences in 3D features among the grades. We compared features measured in two dimensions (diameter, area, perimeter, and circularity) with features measured in three dimensions (volume, surface area, and spherical shape factor) between identical cell nuclei by using regression analysis. For 3D visualization, we used a contour-based method for surface rendering. We found a statistically significant correlation between the nuclear grade and the 3D morphological features. Comparing our results to an ideal RCC grading system, we found that our nuclear grading system based on the 3D features of a cell nucleus provides distinct dividing points between grades and also provides data that can be easily interpreted for diagnoses. 3D visualization of cell nuclei offers a realistic display and additional valuable medical information that can lead to an objective diagnosis. This method could overcome the limitations inherent in 2D analysis and could improve the accuracy and reproducibility of quantification of cell nuclei. Our study showed that a nuclear grading system based on the 3D features of a cell nucleus might be an ideal grading system.
Active Wavefront Control Challenges Of The Nasa Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) (1989)

The 20-m Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) will have a segmented primary mirror. Achieving diffraction-limited performance at 50 μm requires correction for the errors of tilt and piston of the primary mirror. This correction can be obtained in two ways, use of an active primary or correction at a de-magnified pupil of the primary. A critical requirement is the means for measurement the wavefront error and maintaining phasing during observation of objects that may be too faint for determining the error. Absolute phasing can only be determined using a cooperative source. Maintenance of phasing can be done with an on-board source. A number of options are being explored as discussed below. The many issues concerning the assessment and control of an active segmented mirror will be addressed with early construction of the Precision Segmented Reflector (PSR) Testbed.
Therapeutic devices for epilepsy (2011)

Therapeutic devices provide new options for treating drug-resistant epilepsy. These devices act by a variety of mechanisms to modulate neuronal activity. Only vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which continues to develop new technology, is approved for use in the United States. Deep brain stimulation of anterior thalamus for partial epilepsy recently was approved in Europe and several other countries. Responsive neurostimulation, which delivers stimuli to 1 or 2 seizure foci in response to a detected seizure, recently completed a successful multicenter trial. Several other trials of brain stimulation are in planning or underway. Transcutaneous magnetic stimulation (TMS) may provide a noninvasive method to stimulate cortex. Controlled studies of TMS are split on efficacy, which may depend on whether a seizure focus is near a possible region for stimulation. Seizure detection devices in the form of shake detectors via portable accelerometers can provide notification of an ongoing tonic-clonic seizure, or peace of mind in the absence of notification. Prediction of seizures from various aspects of electroencephalography (EEG) is in early stages. Prediction appears to be possible in a subpopulation of people with refractory seizures, and a clinical trial of an implantable prediction device is underway. Cooling of neocortex or hippocampus reversibly can attenuate epileptiform EEG activity and seizures, but engineering problems remain in its implementation. Optogenetics is a new technique that can control excitability of specific populations of neurons with light. Inhibition of epileptiform activity has been demonstrated in hippocampal slices, but use in humans will require more work. In general, devices provide useful palliation for otherwise uncontrollable seizures, but with a different risk profile than with most drugs. Optimizing the place of devices in therapy for epilepsy will require further development and clinical experience.
The first synthesis and X-ray crystallographic analysis of an oxygen-bridged planarized triphenylborane (2016)

An oxygen-bridged planarized triphenylborane has been successfully synthesized. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the molecule has a complete planarized structure and the shortest C-B bonds among the triarylboranes synthesized to date.
Eslicarbazepine acetate: a new option for the treatment of focal epilepsy (2008)

ESL is an AED that acts by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels. It has proved efficacious in the treatment of patients with refractory focal-onset epilepsy with a good safety profile. Evaluation of its use for treating other epileptic syndromes and its role as an initial treatment option for patients with epilepsy is warranted.
Composing user network operation services using web service composition techniques (2005)

This paper proposes a method for composing user network operation services, using Web service composition techniques. We define two types of common operation services (COSs) for user network resources. Atomic COSs do not rely on other COSs, and each of them is provided by an elemental function of each piece of network equipment. Composite COSs are composed of other atomic or composite COSs, and provide users with practical operation services. Network resources and COSs are described in semantic languages such as OWL and OWL-S, which realize Web service composition, and composite COSs are composed based on those descriptions and composition rules. Examples of composite COSs are services for QoS control between each gateway and end points, which are composed of atomic COSs for control of each piece of network equipment. This approach provides users with automatic composition of practical network operation services in accordance with each user network configuration.
Unipolar recovery of dielectric breakdown in fully silicided high-κ gate stack devices and its reliability implications (2010)

We report observations of unipolar recovery of dielectric breakdown in fully silicided NiSi-gate HfSiON–SiOx bilayer dielectric based high-κ metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) gate stack, analogous to resistive switching in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nonvolatile memory devices. The dependence of the recovery voltage on breakdown hardness and filament location is analyzed and the physics behind MIS recovery, governed by joule heating induced oxygen vacancy trap passivation, is explained using failure analysis and statistical investigations. The observed MIS recovery phenomenon can be a tool to design for reliability in novel metal gate high-κ gate stacks.