gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods for measuring audience reactions (2007)

This paper describes recent developments in ourinvestigations into psychological reactions of audiencemembers as they watch live performance, specificallycontemporary dance. The first method, developed by Glass [5,6], is a new psychometric instrument – theAudience Response Tool (ART) – that records emotionaland cognitive responses in the form of qualitative open-ended descriptions and quantitative ratings to live performance. The second method – the portable Audience Response Facility (pARF) – is a programmable, hand-heldPC that samples one- or two-dimensional datacontinuously as a performance unfolds. A third method records eye movements of novice and expert observers asthey watch a pre-recorded performance. The ART was developed in the context of an experimental design that investigated the effect of pre-performance information sessions (generic, specific, no information-control group)on cognitive and emotional responses to two new Australian dance works, Anna Smith's Red Rain and SueHealey's Fine Line Terrain. The pARF has been used to record continuous responses from 19 audience membersin the Playhouse Theatre in Canberra as they watched the Quantum Leap Youth Choreographic Ensemble perform Albert David’s Silent Heartbeat. Judged emotiona lexpression in the 30 minute work was captured in tw oorthogonal dimensions, valence and arousal [13]. The pARF revealed an increase in arousal as the work progressed, explicable in terms of music and movementintensity and tempo. The eye movement experimentinvestigated effects of observer expertise on fixationduration and saccadic amplitude while four dance expertsand four novices watched a five-minute dance film, SueHealey's 13 and 32. Expert observers relative to novices recorded shorter fixations and larger saccades. This effect has been interpreted in light of organizational strategies and expectancies acquired by experts through experience with a particular art form. The qualitative and quantitative methods have wide application across the performing arts,film, and digital media.
Dynamics of Diamond Nanoparticles in Solution and Cells (2007)

The fluorescence and motional dynamics of single diamond nanocrystals in buffer solution and in living cells is investigated. Stable hydrosols of nanodiamonds in buffer solutions are investigated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Measurement of the effective hydrodynamic radius yields particles of 48 nm diameter, which is in excellent agreement with atomic force microscopy measurements made on the same particles. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements indicate that nanocrystals easily form aggregates when the buffer pH is changed. This tendency is reduced when the surface of the diamonds is covered with surfactants. Upon incubation, cells spontaneously take up nanocrystals that uniformly distribute in cells. Most of the particles get immobilized within a few minutes. The binding of streptavidin to biotinylated aggregates of 4 nm diameter nanodiamonds is demonstrated.
Heat Shock Perturbs TRIM5α Restriction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2007)

TRIM5alpha restriction factors protect target cells from retroviruses by blocking infection prior to the accumulation of viral reverse transcription (RT) products. Here, we demonstrate that heat shock perturbed owl monkey TRIMCyp and rhesus TRIM5alpha-mediated restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) late RT products and 2-long terminal repeat circles. Heat shock partially rescued HIV-1 infection from TRIMCyp restriction, and this rescue became more profound when combined with the presence of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. This indicates that viral RT products rescued from restriction by either heat shock treatment or the presence of MG132 are on a productive pathway, supporting a model in which TRIM5alpha proteins restrict retroviruses in multiple phases that are differentially sensitive to heat shock and proteasome inhibitors.
Simulation of the Generation and Processing of Doppler Ultrasound Fetal Heart Signals to obtain Directional Motion Information (2006)

In fetal heart monitoring using Doppler ultrasound signals the cardiac information is commonly extracted from non-directional signals. As a consequence often some of the cardiac events cannot be observed clearly which may lead to the incorrect detection of the valve and wall motions. Here, directional signals were simulated to investigate their enhancement of cardiac events, and hence provide clearer information regarding the cardiac activities. First, fetal Doppler ultrasound signals were simulated with signals encoding forward and reverse motion then obtained using a pilot frequency. The simulation results demonstrate that the model has the ability to produce realistic Doppler ultrasound signals and a pilot frequency can be used in the mixing process to produce directional signals that allow the simulated cardiac events to be distinguished clearly and correctly.
African Swine Fever Virus Multigene Family 360 and 530 Genes Are Novel Macrophage Host Range Determinants (2001)

Pathogenic African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates primarily target cells of the mononuclear-phagocytic system in infected swine and replicate efficiently in primary macrophage cell cultures in vitro. ASFVs can, however, be adapted to grow in monkey cell lines. Characterization of two cell culture-adapted viruses, MS16 and BA71V, revealed that neither virus replicated in macrophage cell cultures. Cell viability experiments and ultrastructural analysis showed that infection with these viruses resulted in early macrophage cell death, which occurred prior to viral progeny production. Genomic cosmid clones from pathogenic ASFV isolate E70 were used in marker rescue experiments to identify sequences capable of restoring MS16 and BA71V growth in macrophage cell cultures. A cosmid clone representing a 38-kbp region at the left terminus of the genome completely restored the growth of both viruses. In subsequent fine-mapping experiments, an 11-kbp subclone from this region was sufficient for complete rescue of BA71V growth. Sequence analysis indicated that both MS16 and BA71V had significant deletions in the region containing members of multigene family 360 (MGF 360) and MGF530. Deletion of this same region from highly pathogenic ASFV isolate Pr4 significantly reduced viral growth in macrophage cell cultures. These findings indicate that ASFV MGF360 and MGF530 genes perform an essential macrophage host range function(s) that involves promotion of infected-cell survival.
Role of manganese in MG-63 osteosarcoma cell attachment to fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. (1991)

Some integrin receptors have been reported to be functionally distinct in different cell types. In endothelial and melanoma cells, the vitronectin receptor, alpha v beta 3 binds fibrinogen (fg) and von Willebrand factor (vWf) in addition to vitronectin itself, whereas it fails to do so in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. In this report, it is shown that, in the presence of Mn2+, MG-63 cells attach more efficiently to vitronectin and acquire the de novo capacity to adhere to fg- and vWf-coated surfaces. The latter phenomenon occurs with full cell spreading, F-actin microfilament organization, and alpha v and beta 3 clustering at focal contacts. In contrast, beta 1 and beta 5 do not localize to adhesion plaques under the same experimental conditions. An antiserum to the beta 3 chain and a synthetic peptide containing the sequence Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro block MG-63 attachment to fg and vWf in the presence of Mn2+. The minimal active concentration of Mn2+ is in the range of 0.1 to 1 microns. These data suggest that the acquired capacity of MG-63 to attach to fg and vWf in the presence of Mn2+ is mediated by alpha v beta 3 and that differences in alpha v beta 3 receptor specificity may be modulated by exogenous factors.
Development Possibilities of Backward Areas in Hungary (1988)

The presence of development aiming at creating a balanced structure is desirable not only on account of socio-political and social reasons but also in view of the efficient functioning of society and economy. Development policy with strong internal priorities aimed at extensive-quantitative growth results in a polarized regional structure inevitably creating backward areas where disadvantages are being accumulated. In the absence of an efficient development policy aimed at an equalized regional structure, over polarization may arise and the decline of certain areas will become irreversible. The present study explores the development possibilities of backward zones in Hungary. After introducing the characteristic features of the multiple-disadvantaged situation, the authors outline two alternative (socio-political and economico-political) approaches to making these zones catch up with the others. An individual chapter introduces the long-term development conception of the multiple-disadvanted zones. The final section of the study sheds light on the peripheric position of multiple-disadvantaged zones in administration and organization. The authors arrive at the conclusion that the moderation and occasional elimination of backwardness can be accomplished only by an integrated long-term development strategy aimed at influencing the development processes of settlements and regions.
Early hematopoiesis and developing lymphoid organs in the zebrafish (1999)

In zebrafish, the transparent and rapidly developing embryo and the potential for genetic screening offer a unique opportunity to investigate the early development of the vertebrate immune system. Here we describe the initial appearance of various blood lineages and the nature of accumulating hematopoietic tissue in the thymus and kidney, the main lymphoid organs of adult teleosts. The ultrastructure of the first site of hematopoiesis, the intermediate cell mass (ICM), is described from the 5-somite stage, about 11.5 hours post-fertilization (hpf) until 24 hpf. The ICM gives rise to the primitive erythroid lineage, which accounts for all circulating erythrocytes for the first 4 days pf. From 24 to 72 hpf, a few developing granulocytes are seen close to the yolk sac walls and in the caudal axial vein. The heart, previously proposed as an early blood-forming organ in zebrafish, did not contain hematopoietic cells. The thymic primordium, consisting of two layers of epithelial cells, appears at 60 hpf. By 65 hpf, it is colonized by immature lymphoblasts. The thymus gradually accumulates lymphocytes, and the lymphocytes and epithelial cells progressively differentiate for 3 weeks pf. At 96 hr, the pronephros contains hematopoietic cells, mainly developing erythrocytes and granulocytes. The amount of renal hematopoietic tissue increases rapidly; however, lymphocytes were not detected until 3 weeks pf.
Protein-disulfide Isomerase-mediated Reduction of the A Subunit of Cholera Toxin in a Human Intestinal Cell Line (1997)

A key step in the action of cholera toxin (CT) is the reduction of its A subunit to the A1 peptide. The latter is an ADP-ribosyltransferase, which activates the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory G protein of adenylyl cyclase. In this study, the enzymatic reduction of membrane-bound CT in CaCo-2 human intestinal epithelial cells was characterized. Whereas diphtheria toxin was found to be reduced by a cell surface population of protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) and its cytotoxicity was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid, bacitracin, or anti-PDI antibodies, these inhibitors had no effect on CT reduction or activity in intact cells. In contrast, the reduction of CT in vitro by either postnuclear supernatants (PNS) or microsomal membranes in the presence of Triton X-100 was significantly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid and bacitracin. Anti-PDI monoclonal antibodies likewise inhibited the in vitro reduction of CT and also were effective in depleting reductase activity from PNS. Since inhibition and depletion were not observed in the absence of detergent, these results suggested that the reductase activity was a soluble component localized to the lumen of microsomal vesicles and correlated with the presence of protein-disulfide isomerase. This was further confirmed by showing a corresponding depletion of reductase activity and PDI in alkali-treated microsomes. This activity was restored when purified bovine PDI was added back to alkali-treated microsomes in a redox buffer that reflected conditions found in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). When the CT-related reductase activity was assayed in subcellular fractions of PNS-derived membranes isolated on a 9-30% Iodixanol gradient, the activity, as measured by CT-A1 peptide formation localized to those fractions containing PDI. Likewise CT-A1 peptide formed in intact cells co-localized to those membrane fractions containing the majority of cellular PDI. Furthermore, the banding density corresponded to a region of the gradient containing ER-derived membranes. These results indicated that CT was a substrate for PDI-catalyzed reduction in intact cells and supported the hypothesis that CT reduction and activation occurs in the ER.
A Comprehensive Program for the Evaluation of Artificial Diets (1993)

Abstract The evaluation of artificial diets for marine fish larvae involves much more than feeding trials. Information on the diet in the water column (buoyancy, leaching, etc.), the digestive capabilities and requirements of the larvae, and the fate and uptake of the diet inside the larval digestive tract are all necessary to the understanding of the success or failure of a given artificial diet. Interdisciplinary teams of investigators are required to fully evaluate and formulate artificial diets.
Elucidating the Role of T cells in Protection Against and Pathogenesis of Dengue Virus Infections (2014)

Dengue viruses (DENV) cause significantly more human disease than any other arbovirus, with hundreds of thousands of cases leading to severe disease in thousands annually. Antibodies and T cells induced by primary infection with DENV have the potential for both positive (protective) and negative (pathological) effects during subsequent DENV infections. In this review, we summarize studies that have examined T-cell responses in humans following natural infection and vaccination. We discuss studies that support a role for T cells in protection against and those that support a role for the involvement of T cells in the pathogenesis of severe disease. The mechanisms that lead to severe disease are complex, and T-cell responses are an important component that needs to be further evaluated for the development of safe and efficacious DENV vaccines.
Study of aerodynamic characteristics in hard disk drives by numerical simulation (2001)

The behavior of the air flow inside a hard disk drive is evaluated by a three-dimensional unsteady-flow analysis technique called large eddy simulation (LES). The simulation shows that the fluctuation of the aerodynamic force is strongly correlated with the amplitude of the disk vibration, which causes positioning error of the read/write head. It also shows that the power loss caused by the friction of the air on the disks, which accounts for most of the power consumption of hard disk drives at a high-speed revolution, can be qualitatively predicted.
Identification of Two Novel Regulatory Elements within the 5′-Untranslated Region of the Human Sγ-Globin Gene (1995)

Interaction between the stage selector element (SSE) in the proximal γ-globin promoter and hypersensitivity site 2 in the locus control region partly mediates the competitive silencing of the β-globin promoter in the fetal developmental stage. We have now demonstrated that a second SSE-like element in the 5′-untranslated region of the γ-gene also contributes to this competitive silencing of the β-gene. Utilizing transient transfection assays in the fetal erythroid cell line, K562, we have shown that the core enhancer of hypersensitivity site 2 can preferentially interact with the proximal γ-promoter in the absence of the SSE, completely silencing a linked β-promoter. Mutation of a 20-base pair sequence of the γ-gene 5′-untranslated region (UTR) led to derepression of β-promoter activity. A marked activation of γ-promoter activity was also observed with this mutation, suggesting the presence of a repressor. Fine mutagenesis dissected these activities to different regions of the 5′-UTR. The stage selector activity was localized to a region centered on nucleotides +13 to +15. Electromobility shift assays utilizing this sequence demonstrated binding of a fetal and erythroid-specific protein. The repressor activity of the 5′-UTR was localized to tandem GATA-like sites, which appear to bind a complex of two proteins, one of which is the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. These results indicate that the 5′-UTR of the γ-gene contains sequences that may be important for its transcriptional and developmental regulation. Interaction between the stage selector element (SSE) in the proximal γ-globin promoter and hypersensitivity site 2 in the locus control region partly mediates the competitive silencing of the β-globin promoter in the fetal developmental stage. We have now demonstrated that a second SSE-like element in the 5′-untranslated region of the γ-gene also contributes to this competitive silencing of the β-gene. Utilizing transient transfection assays in the fetal erythroid cell line, K562, we have shown that the core enhancer of hypersensitivity site 2 can preferentially interact with the proximal γ-promoter in the absence of the SSE, completely silencing a linked β-promoter. Mutation of a 20-base pair sequence of the γ-gene 5′-untranslated region (UTR) led to derepression of β-promoter activity. A marked activation of γ-promoter activity was also observed with this mutation, suggesting the presence of a repressor. Fine mutagenesis dissected these activities to different regions of the 5′-UTR. The stage selector activity was localized to a region centered on nucleotides +13 to +15. Electromobility shift assays utilizing this sequence demonstrated binding of a fetal and erythroid-specific protein. The repressor activity of the 5′-UTR was localized to tandem GATA-like sites, which appear to bind a complex of two proteins, one of which is the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. These results indicate that the 5′-UTR of the γ-gene contains sequences that may be important for its transcriptional and developmental regulation.
An efficient key management scheme in hierarchical sensor networks (2005)

Recent advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications and digital electronics have enabled the development of sensor networks, in which a large number of sensor nodes collaborate to monitor certain environment. Many applications are dependent on the security of sensor networks, and have serious consequences if the network is compromised or disrupted. In sensor networks, plaintext is encrypted by keys before it is sent to the destination. Therefore key management is essential to any secure communication. Depending on the application, sensor networks can be very different so as the key management protocols. In this paper, we study the key management scheme for sensor networks with hierarchical structures such as the situation in the military or some government organizations. Analysis is conducted to show the effectiveness of the scheme by taking advantage of the topology. So far to our knowledge, no other paper has discussed the key management scheme in a hierarchical sensor network.
Biological and Biomimetic Comb Polyelectrolytes (2010)

Some new phenomena involved in the physical properties of comb polyelectrolyte solutions are reviewed. Special emphasis is given to synthetic biomimetic materials, and the structures formed by these molecules are compared with those of naturally occurring glycoprotein and proteoglycan solutions. Developments in the determination of the structure and dynamics (viscoelasticity) of comb polymers in solution are also covered. Specifically the appearance of multi-globular structures, helical instabilities, liquid crystalline phases, and the self-assembly of the materials to produce hierarchical comb morphologies is examined. Comb polyelectrolytes are surface active and a short review is made of some recent experiments in this area that relate to their morphology when suspended in solution. We hope to emphasize the wide variety of phenomena demonstrated by the vast range of naturally occurring comb polyelectrolytes and the challenges presented to synthetic chemists designing biomimetic materials.
An intra-LA location update strategy for reducing paging cost (2002)

The blanket paging strategy in current mobile networks may waste a lot of wireless bandwidth. While keeping the standard location area (LA) based location update (LU) strategy unchanged, we propose an intra-LA LU scheme to reduce the paging cost. While a mobile terminal (MT) is residing in an LA with a cell called anchor cell, where the MT usually stays for a significant period, an intra-LA LU is performed whenever the MT changes its location between the anchor cell and the rest of cells in the LA. For an incoming call, either the anchor cell or the rest of cells in the LA is paged to locate the MT. Thus the paging cost is greatly reduced, especially when the called MT is located in its anchor cell.
Instruction-level parallel processors-dynamic and static scheduling tradeoffs (2002)

Recently, high performance computer architecture has focused on dynamic scheduling techniques to issue and execute multiple operations concurrently. These designs are complex and have frequently shown disappointing performance. A complementary approach is the use of static scheduling techniques to exploit the same parallelism. We describe some of the tradeoffs between the use of static and dynamic scheduling techniques and show that with appropriate scheduling, low complexity designs using only static scheduling have significant advantages over high complexity designs using dynamic scheduling in real systems.
A method and a technique to model and ensure timeliness in safety critical real-time systems (2002)

The main focus of this paper is the problem of ensuring timeliness in safety critical systems. First, we introduce a method and its associated technique to model both real-time tasks and the timeliness ensuring concern when tasks are executed in parallel. This approach is based on formal aspects of our real-time tasks model and on the definition of the synchronized product operator on the tasks. Real-time tasks are equivalent to their state-transition diagrams and the operator allows us to compose the diagrams of a set of tasks to represent their interactions. The operator is then used to map the tasks to a system of linear constraints to determine the schedulability of the tasks and deduce a system load upper bound. An illustration of our technique on a safety critical study case is presented in which the timeliness property can be achieved for the real-time set of tasks executed in parallel on the same processor. We also introduce how this work can be applied to the multiprocessor case.
Platinum-Centered Yolk−Shell Nanostructure Formation by Sacrificial Nickel Spacers (2010)

We have synthesized Pt@silica/nickel phyllosilicate and Pt@silica yolk-shell nanostructures from NiPt@silica core-shell particles by simple chemical treatments. Silica coating of the NiPt alloy nanoparticles via the microemulsion method yielded spherical NiPt@silica core-shell nanoparticles with an average core diameter of 6.5 nm. Under a reflux condition in water, the core-shell structure transformed into Pt@silica yolk-shell nanoparticles with branched nickel phyllosilicate, which exhibited high surface area and large pore volume. The addition of hydrochloric acid selectively etched the nickel component from the NiPt cores and yielded Pt@silica yolk-shell nanoparticles with single-crystalline platinum cores. The average diameter of the metal cores was reduced to 4.5 nm. In both cases, the nickel components behaved as sacrificial spacers and successfully formed a vacancy between the metal cores and the silica hollow shells.