gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Chemical Characterization of the Three Chains of the Major Hemoglobin of the Sea Snake, <italic>Pelamis platurus</italic> (1975)

One of the 2 main hemoglobins of the sea snake Pelamis platurus, (the Yellow-bellied sea snake) comprising about 70% of the total hemoglobin, was separated by DEAESephadex column chromatography. From results of gel filtration and iron content determination, both intact sea snake hemoglobin, and the isolated major hemoglobin, were concluded to be composed of 4 subunits with a molecular weight of 66,000– 67, 000 daltons. Separation of the chains of globin of the major hemoglobin by CM 52 column chromatography gave 3 peaks, named, chains a, b, and c. The approximate molecular weights of chains a, b, and c were deduced by SDS gel electrophoresis to be 14,000, 16,000, and 20,000 daltons, respectively. The peptide maps and amino acid compositions of the three chains were distinctly different. N-Terminal and C-terminal amino acid sequence studies reveal that chains a, b, and c represented the α-chain, β-chain, and β'-chain, the β'-chain differing from the normal β-chain in having a C-terminal sequence of -Arg-Leu-His-Tyr. From the peak areas of the 3 chains obtained by CM 52 column chromatography, and the peak sizes of the 3 bands separated by SDS gel electrophoresis, it was concluded that the sea snake hemoglobin is composed of a hybrid tetramer, α2ββ'.
Efficiency of antigen presentation after antigen targeting to surface IgD, IgM, MHC, Fc <i>gamma</i> RII, and B220 molecules on murine splenic B cells. (1989)

Bispecific heteroconjugate antibodies can bind soluble protein Ag to APC and thereby enhance Ag presentation. We used such antibodies to bind hen egg lysozyme (HEL) to various structures on the surface of normal splenic B cells to determine which structures would provide the best targets for enhanced presentation. We found that HEL was presented efficiently to hybridoma T cells if bound to sIgD, sIgM, or class I or II MHC molecules, but not at all if bound to Fc gamma RII, or B220 molecules on B cells. The efficiency of presentation of HEL was measured as a function of the amount of 125I-HEL bound per cell. HEL was presented with 5 to 10 times greater efficiency when bound to sIg, than when bound to MHC molecules. When compared on the basis of the amount of HEL bound, sIgD and sIgM functioned equally as target structures, as did class I and class II MHC molecules. Large amounts of HEL bound to B220, but no presentation resulted, indicating that focusing HEL to the APC surface was not sufficient for presentation to occur. HEL was internalized rapidly and in large amounts when bound to sIgD or sIgM, but slowly and in small amounts, when bound to class I or class II MHC molecules. Thus, a rapid rate of internalization may in part explain the high efficiency of Ag presentation after binding to sIg. However, the small amount of HEL internalized via MHC molecules was utilized efficiently for presentation. These results indicate that sIgM and sIgD serve equally on normal B cells to focus and internalize Ag and enhance Ag presentation, but that class I or class II MHC molecules can also be used to internalize Ag and enhance Ag presentation, perhaps by a separate intracellular processing pathway.
HIERAS: a DHT based hierarchical P2P routing algorithm (2003)

Routing algorithm has great influence on system overall performance in peer-to-peer (P2P) applications. In current DHT based routing algorithms, routing tasks are distributed across all system peers. However, a routing hop could happen between two widely separated peers with high network link latency which greatly increases system routing overheads. We propose a new P2P routing algorithm - HIERAS to relieve this problem, it keeps scalability property of current DHT algorithms and improves system routing performance by the introduction of hierarchical structure. In HIERAS, we create several lower level P2P rings besides the highest level P2P ring. A P2P ring is a subset of the overall P2P overlay network. We create P2P rings in such a strategy that the average link latency between two peers in lower level rings is much smaller than higher level rings. Routing tasks are first executed in lower level rings before they go up to higher level rings, a large portion of routing hops previously executed in the global P2P ring are now replaced by hops in lower level rings, thus routing overheads can be reduced. The simulation results show HIERAS routing algorithm can significantly improve P2P system routing performance
Aromatase inhibitors and breast cancer prevention (2012)

Exemestane is a viable option for breast cancer prevention. We continue to await further follow-up on exemestane as well as other aromatase inhibitors in the prevention setting for women at high risk of developing breast cancer or with a history of ductal carcinoma in situ.
Leveling response factors in the electrospray ionization process using a heated capillary interface (2005)

Several investigators have observed a discrepancy in electrospray response of complementary strands from denatured DNA, which has been attributed to the difference in hydrophobicity between the two strands; the more hydrophobic species tend to have higher ion abundances. The implementation of a heated electrospray source has allowed us to "level" the electrospray response for two equimolar complementary strands with different hydrophobicities. As the temperature was increased, the ratio of ion abundances of the less hydrophobic noncoding strand to the more hydrophobic coding strand approached unity. Furthermore, the heated electrospray source was used to denature amplicons containing 7-deaza purines, which can be used to facilitate sequencing by mass spectrometry.
A magnetic liquid deformable mirror for high stroke and low order axially symmetrical aberrations (2006)

We present a new class of magnetically shaped deformable liquid mirrors made of a magnetic liquid (ferrofluid). Deformable liquid mirrors offer advantages with respect to deformable solid mirrors: large deformations, low costs and the possibility of very large mirrors with added aberration control. They have some disadvantages (e.g. slower response time). We made and tested a deformable mirror, producing axially symmetrical wavefront aberrations by applying electric currents to 5 concentric coils made of copper wire wound on aluminum cylinders. Each of these coils generates a magnetic field which combines to deform the surface of a ferrofluid to the desired shape. We have carried out laboratory tests on a 5 cm diameter prototype mirror and demonstrated defocus as well as Seidel and Zernike spherical aberrations having amplitudes up to 20 microm, which was the limiting measurable amplitude of our equipment.
Automatic Registration of Smooth Object Image to 3D CAD Model for Industrial Inspection Applications (2013)

We describe an algorithmic pipeline for automatic registration of smooth object image on 3D CAD model, which has many applications in industrial inspections. This enables camera pose estimation and 3D measurement of structures of interest from 2D images. In this work, when given a query image, we leverage image retrieval to find a similar historical image, in which its 2D points' corresponding locations on the 3D model has already been computed offline. By matching features between the query and retrieved image, the latter's feature locations on the 3D model can be transferred to the former. Camera pose of the query image can then be computed for overlaying it on the 3D model. A big challenge arises when the object of interest, such as one with smooth metallic surface, has extremely limited number of reliable features, which is especially true in industrial inspection. This causes popular recognition and detection algorithms as well as 3D calibration algorithms that depend on a sufficient number of good features to fail. We describe how we construct a pipeline to overcome this challenge. Comparative results and accuracy of 3D measurements made on real datasets with the proposed pipeline validate our approach.
Performance analysis of token ring networks with a reservation priority discipline (1990)

An analytical method is developed for a token ring network with single-buffer terminals and an infinite-capacity bridge in which the bridge has priority over the terminals is developed. The priority-mode operation realized by the reservation discipline of IEEE standard 802-5 is considered. An approximate analysis is considered for both terminals and the bridge in two reservation disciplines: the T-reservation discipline in which the reservation field resides in the message trailer, and the H-reservation discipline in which the reservation field resides in the message header. System performance measures (mean waiting times and throughput) derived for these disciplines are compared to those for a mixed discipline which is an alternative method for priority-mode operation in token ring networks. The accuracy of the approximate analytical results is assessed for both terminals and the bridge by comparing them to the simulation results. For almost all tried cases, it is shown to be within 5-20% relative error in the mean message waiting time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Power-Aware Scalable Pipelined Booth Multiplier (2005)

An energy-efficient power-aware design is highly desirable for DSP functions that encounter a wide diversity of operating scenarios in battery-powered wireless sensor network systems. Addressing this issue, this letter presents a low-power power-aware scalable pipelined Booth multiplier that makes use of dynamic-range detection unit, sharing common functional units, ensemble of optimized Wallace-trees and a 4-bit array-based adder-tree for DSP applications.
Incorporating Convolution Designs into Visual Transformers (2021)

Motivated by the success of Transformers in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, there emerge some attempts (e.g., ViT and DeiT) to apply Transformers to the vision domain. However, pure Transformer architectures often require a large amount of training data or extra supervision to obtain comparable performance with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). To overcome these limitations, we analyze the potential drawbacks when directly borrowing Transformer architectures from NLP. Then we propose a new Convolution-enhanced image Transformer (CeiT) which combines the advantages of CNNs in extracting low-level features, strengthening locality, and the advantages of Transformers in establishing long-range dependencies. Three modifications are made to the original Transformer: 1) instead of the straightforward tokenization from raw input images, we design an Image-to-Tokens (I2T) module that extracts patches from generated low-level features; 2) the feed-froward network in each encoder block is replaced with a Locally-enhanced Feed-Forward (LeFF) layer that promotes the correlation among neighboring tokens in the spatial dimension; 3) a Layer-wise Class token Attention (LCA) is attached at the top of the Transformer that utilizes the multi-level representations.Experimental results on ImageNet and seven down-stream tasks show the effectiveness and generalization ability of CeiT compared with previous Transformers and state- of-the-art CNNs, without requiring a large amount of training data and extra CNN teachers. Besides, CeiT models demonstrate better convergence with 3× fewer training iterations, which can reduce the training cost significantly <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Incorporating advice into agents that learn from reinforcements (1994)

Learning from reinforcements is a promising approach for creating intelligent agents. However, reinforcement learning usually requires a large number of training episodes. We present an approach that addresses this shortcoming by allowing a connectionist Q-learner to accept advice given, at any time and in a natural manner, by an external observer. In our approach, the advice-giver watches the learner and occasionally makes suggestions, expressed as instructions in a simple programming language. Based on techniques from knowledge-based neural networks, these programs are inserted directly into the agent&apos;s utility function. Subsequent reinforcement learning further integrates and refines the advice. We present empirical evidence that shows our approach leads to statistically-significant gains in expected reward. Importantly, the advice improves the expected reward regardless of the stage of training at which it is given. Introduction A successful and increasingly popular method for cr...
The Dependency Manager: a base service for transactional workflow management (2002)

The management of long lived applications is a great challenge to transaction processing systems. On the other side, workflow management systems (WFMS) provide mechanisms for basic navigation and synchronization of activities in workflows. However, WFMS do not allow reliable execution of transactional workflows since they have no provisions for activity coordination. We introduce the dependency manager (DM) which implements a mechanism for reliable synchronization and coordination of the state transitions of generic activities. The DM is designed as a new component of an extended X/Open architecture, which offers its services to both workflow management and transaction processing systems.
Surface Effects on Metal-Silicon Contacts (1968)

Surface effects on metal-silicon contacts have been studied in detail using gate-controlled Schottky-barrier diode structures. The ``excess'' forward and reverse currents at small and moderate bases, respectively, and low breakdown voltages usually associated with metal-silicon contacts are clearly shown to be due to high fields near the corner region when the surface is accumulated. These currents can be eliminated and breakdown voltage increased by depleting or inverting the surface. By studying the diode characteristics when the surface is inverted, it is shown that the generation current in the depletion region often constitutes a significant part of the total reverse current and cannot in general be neglected.
Linearly arranged polytypic CZTSSe nanocrystals (2012)

Even colloidal polytypic nanostructures show promising future in band-gap tuning and alignment, researches on them have been much less reported than the standard nano-heterostructures because of the difficulties involved in synthesis. Up to now, controlled synthesis of colloidal polytypic nanocrsytals has been only realized in II-VI tetrapod and octopod nanocrystals with branched configurations. Herein, we report a colloidal approach for synthesizing non-branched but linearly arranged polytypic I(2)-II-IV-VI(4) nanocrystals, with a focus on polytypic non-stoichiometric Cu(2)ZnSnS(x)Se(4-x) nanocrystals. Each synthesized polytypic non-stoichiometric Cu(2)ZnSnS(x)Se(4-x) nanocrystal is consisted of two zinc blende-derived ends and one wurtzite-derived center part. The formation mechanism has been studied and the phase composition can be tuned through adjusting the reaction temperature, which brings a new band-gap tuning approach to Cu(2)ZnSnS(x)Se(4-x) nanocrystals.
Studies of thermostability in <i>Camelus bactrianus</i> (Bactrian camel) single‐domain antibody specific for the mutant epidermal‐growth‐factor receptor expressed by <i>Pichia</i> (2006)

Camelids have a unique immune system capable of producing heavy-chain antibodies lacking the light chains and CH1 (constant heavy-chain domain 1). It has been shown that, in contrast with conventional antibody fragments, the variable domains of these heavy-chain antibodies are functional at or after exposure to high temperatures. In the present study, the VHH (variable domain of heavy-chain antibody) camel antibody was subcloned into vector Ppiczc and expressed in Pichia pastoris. ORB1-83 VHH antibody recognizes the external domain of the mutant EGFR [EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor], EGFR VIII. This tumour-specific antigen is ligand-independent, contains a constitutively active tyrosine kinase domain and has been shown to be present in a number of human malignancies. We report here that, although expression from P. pastoris resulted in a significantly increased level of expression of the anti-EGFR VIII VHH antibodies compared with Escherichia coli [Omidfar, Rasaee, Modjtahedi, Forouzandeh, Taghikhani, Bakhtiari, Paknejad and Kashanian (2004) Tumor Biol. 25, 179-187; Omidfar, Rasaee, Modjtahedi, Forouzandeh, Taghikhani and Golmakany (2004) Tumor Biol. 25, 296-305], this antibody selectively bound to the EGFR VIII peptide and reacted specifically with the immunoaffinity-purified antigen from non-small-cell lung cancer. Furthermore, thermal denaturation stability and CD spectra analysis of the Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel) VHH and heavy-chain antibodies at different temperature proved reversibility and binding activity after heat denaturation. Our results indicate that the P. pastoris expression system may be useful for the expression of camel single domain antibody and the ability of the expressed protein to reversibly melt without aggregation, allowing it to regain binding activity after heat denaturation.
Antagonistic and agonistic effects of transforming growth factor-<i>beta</i> and IL-1 in rheumatoid synovium. (1990)

We investigated potential mechanisms by which lymphocytes infiltrating rheumatoid synovium become immunosuppressed. In 20 of 22 synovial fluids and 12 of 13 synovial tissue culture supernatants, no IL-1 bioactivity could be detected in the thymocyte proliferation assay. These same preparations could, however, support proliferation of fibroblast monolayers, consistent with the presence of IL-1 and/or other fibroblast growth factors. Addition of either rheumatoid synovial fluids or synovial culture supernatants to exogenous IL-1 in the IL-1 bioassay caused marked inhibition of the assay indicative of an IL-1 inhibitor. This inhibition of IL-1 could be reversed by treating the effusions or supernatants with a neutralizing antibody to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Furthermore, monocyte-macrophages isolated from rheumatoid synovial fluid constitutively released both latent and active TGF-beta in culture at levels sufficient to completely block the biologic activity of 100 U/ml IL-1. The production of substantial levels of TGF-beta by synovial macrophages, as well as the apparent ability of these inflammatory macrophages to activate latent TGF-beta, implicates TGF-beta not only as an important inhibitor of IL-1-induced lymphocyte proliferation, but also as a key cytokine in promoting synovial fibroblast hyperplasia and pathology.
Measurement and characterization of angular reflectance for cube-corners and microspheres (1999)

Angular-reflectance measurements were performed on sev- eral retroreflectors: metal-backed solid cube-corner arrays, metal- backed microspheres, and bare microspheres. Their peak values were 140% msr 21 , 30% msr 21 , and 2.0% msr 21 , respectively. An instrument for measurement of angular reflectance is described. Methods for char- acterization of retroreflectors are developed for the purpose of predicting radiance and image contrast. Issues related to the minimum and maxi- mum range of detection are discussed. Angular reflectance characteris- tics of cube-corners and microspheres are measured and discussed. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(99)01701-8) Subject terms: retroreflector; cube-corner; microsphere; contrast; visibility; angu- lar reflectance; directional reflectance.
Dynamic detection of hidden-surfaces using a MIMD multiprocessor (2002)

A technique for accelerating the hidden surface removal operation within a MIMD parallel-processing machine is presented. This technique is based on back-to-front and front-to-back hidden surface removal algorithms which reduce image rendering time by adaptive rendering termination. These algorithms terminate volume rendering operations as soon as the image at a processor is informationally complete. Using these two algorithms, a technique for allowing each processor to dynamically and independently select the fastest volume rendering algorithm based on its local processing circumstances is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diffraction-free propagation of collimated SAW around a quartz ball (2003)

A ball SAW (surface acoustic wave) device was fabricated on a single crystal quartz ball of 10 mm diameter. There were four specific routes on the surface of the ball along which the SAW was excited effectively showing round trips with low attenuation factors. One route was called the "Z-axis cylinder", and the other three routes were trisymmetric meridians to the Z-axis of single crystal quartz ball. Their averaged velocities on "Z-axis cylinder" and other routes were 3.21*10/sup 3/ m/s and 3.57 - 3.61*10/sup 3/ m/s, respectively. On the "Z-axis cylinder", we could detect a signal in the 300th turn, and observed changes of delay time of the signals due to the temperature variation.
Automatic Extraction of Pipeline Parallelism for Embedded Software Using Linear Programming (2011)

The complexity and performance requirements of embedded software are continuously increasing, making Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) architectures more and more important in the domain of embedded and cyber-physical systems. Using multiple cores in a single system reduces problems concerning energy consumption, heat dissipation, and increases performance. Nevertheless, these benefits do not come for free. Porting existing, mostly sequential, applications to MPSoCs requires extracting efficient parallelism to utilize all available cores. Many embedded applications, like network services and multimedia tasks for voice-, image- and video processing, are operating on data streams and thus have a streaming-based structure. Despite the abundance of parallelism in streaming applications, it is a non-trivial task to split and efficiently map sequential applications to MPSoCs. Therefore, we present an algorithm which automatically extracts pipeline parallelism from sequential ANSI-C applications. The presented tool employs an integer linear programming (ILP) based approach enriched with an adequate cost model to automatically control the granularity of the parallelization. By applying our tool to real-life applications, it can be shown that our approach is able to speed up applications by a factor of up to 3.9x on a four-core MPSoC architecture, compared to a sequential execution.
A valve-less planar pump isotropically etched in silicon (1995)

The first valve-less diffuser fluid pump in silicon is presented. It consists of a planar double-chamber arrangement fabricated in a silicon wafer anodically bonded to a glass wafer. The pump uses fluid-directing diffuser - nozzle elements which have a depth of and a neck width of . The pump chamber diameter is 6 mm. Pump cavities and diffuser - nozzle elements are etched with an isotropic HNA silicon etch. Pumps with three different diffuser lengths are compared reaching a maximum pump capacity of and a maximum pump pressure of 1.7 m at a resonance frequency of 1318 Hz for methanol.