gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vanadate on Bean Leaf Movement, Stomatal Conductance, Barley Leaf Unrolling, Respiration, and Phosphatase Activity (1981)

Vanadate (Na(3) VO(4)) inhibits leaf movement and stomatal conductance of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Carlos Favorit in light-dark cycles as well as photomorphogenetic leaf unrolling of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Rupal. Inhibition was 50% by 10 to 100 micromolar vanadate and 100% by millimolar vanadate. Leaf unrolling was also inhibited by oligomycin and diethylstilbestrol.Millimolar vanadate is required to affect respiration of bean plants and barley leaves, while even this concentration has no effect on respiration of isolated pulvinal tissue.A nonspecific phosphatase activity extracted from both bean pulvini and barley leaves was found in all of four fractions of a differential centrifugation procedure (i.e. cell walls + nuclei, mitochondria, microsomes, super-natant), but more than 90% of the specific and total activity was located in the supernatant. The phosphatase activities of all fractions were inhibited by concentrations of vanadate similar to those which inhibited leaf movement, stomatal conductance of bean, and unrolling of barley leaves.
Magnetic Field Dynamics of Thermo-EMF Generation in the High Temperature Range (2011)

This paper presents some results of experimental research addressing the influence of magnetic field dynamics on the Seebeck effect (i.e., performance) of some selected classical thermocouples namely: Cu-Fe, Fe-constantan, constantannichrome, Fe-nichrome and Cu-nichrome. Thermocouples were selected on the basis of their easy availability and low cost with an aim of their (thermocouples) suitability towards the conversion of waste heat into electricity, i.e. as generator thermo-elements. Effect of magnetic field dynamics of thermo-emf generation was investigated in the temperature range from 30°C to 350°C. The generation of thermo-emf for these thermocouples was studied at different values of applied magnetic field for its three (i.e., parallel, anti-parallel and perpendicular) orientations w. r. t. thermocouple. The magnetic field dependence of the Seebeck voltage was found to be large. Results show not only the significant increase in the thermo-emf generation in case of all these thermocouples but also indicate greater stability of thermo-emf generation with temperature variation. This highlights the importance of magnetic field not only in terms of increasing the thermo-emf generation and stability, but also towards the need of accuracy concern about the thermocouple response in temperature measurements.
Capacitive coupling of floating body well to sensitive nodes prevents high-resistance CMOS circuit from latching-up (1989)

A new concept is derived whereby voltage transients occurring in the bulk substrate of a floating p− -well CMOS circuit can be conveniently decoupled near the sensitive n+/p− source-well parasitic junctions of n-channel transistors, thereby preventing latch-up occurrence. The ability of the well body to accommodate a nonequipotential situation is then taken advantage of to design a new and compact filter circuit that would certainly trigger latch-up if implemented on a grounded p−-well.
Unraveling the Order and Disorder in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(styrenesulfonate) Nanofilms (2015)

Conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) exhibits a tunable conductivity ranging from 0.1 to 4380 S·cm–1 under different doping and/or dedoping strategies. However, the dependence of macroscopic electrical properties on the evolution of the microstructure is not clearly understood. This is the first study that systematically investigated the spatial arrangement of the ordered and disordered phases in PEDOT/PSS nanofilms by bright-field (BF), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and element-thickness mapping. Our observations clarify how amorphous PSS hinders electrical transport at various length scales in the PEDOT/PSS films. Moreover, the mechanism for an enhancement in 3 orders of magnitude in electrical conductivity was proved by TEM investigation, which is mainly due to a more uniform dispersion by dedoping that opens PEDOT nanoparticle clusters in PEDOT/PSS films. Our microstructural and electrical studies show that the change in spatial arrangement and interaction of small PEDOT domains plays a considerable role in the final electron transport.
Five-membered Cyclic Carbonates in the Synthesis of Tetramethacrylate Monomers with Low Oxygen Inhibition (2006)

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of novel tetrafunctional methacrylates as components of a photocurable composite resin with reduced oxygen inhibition. The multimethacrylic monomers containing urethane linkages (UMM) were obtained via a non-isocyanate route from five-membered cyclic carbonates in the reaction with various aliphatic aminoalcohols and diamines and the resulting multifunctional hydroxyurethanes were treated with methacrylic anhydride or methacryloyl chloride. These new multimethacrylic-urethane resins exhibit much better polymerization reactivity and lower oxygen inhibition in comparison to typical dental compositions containing bisGMA. The lacquer prepared from UMM after photocuring in an air atmosphere was not tacky and indicated high hardness.
Combining intraoperative ultrasound brain shift correction and augmented reality visualizations: a pilot study of eight cases (2018)

We present our work investigating the feasibility of combining intraoperative ultrasound for brain shift correction and augmented reality (AR) visualization for intraoperative interpretation of patient-specific models in image-guided neurosurgery (IGNS) of brain tumors. We combine two imaging technologies for image-guided brain tumor neurosurgery. Throughout surgical interventions, AR was used to assess different surgical strategies using three-dimensional (3-D) patient-specific models of the patient's cortex, vasculature, and lesion. Ultrasound imaging was acquired intraoperatively, and preoperative images and models were registered to the intraoperative data. The quality and reliability of the AR views were evaluated with both qualitative and quantitative metrics. A pilot study of eight patients demonstrates the feasible combination of these two technologies and their complementary features. In each case, the AR visualizations enabled the surgeon to accurately visualize the anatomy and pathology of interest for an extended period of the intervention. Inaccuracies associated with misregistration, brain shift, and AR were improved in all cases. These results demonstrate the potential of combining ultrasound-based registration with AR to become a useful tool for neurosurgeons to improve intraoperative patient-specific planning by improving the understanding of complex 3-D medical imaging data and prolonging the reliable use of IGNS.
Characterizing the resolution and accuracy of a second-generation traveling-wave ion mobility separator for biomolecular ions (2011)

High-accuracy, high-resolution ion mobility measurements enable a vast array of important contemporary applications in biological chemistry. With the recent advent of both new, widely available commercial instrumentation and also new calibration datasets tailored for the aforementioned commercial instrumentation, the possibilities for extending such high performance measurements to a diverse set of applications have never been greater. Here, we assess the performance characteristics of a second-generation traveling-wave ion mobility separator, focusing on those figures of merit that lead to making measurements of collision cross-section having both high precision and high accuracy. Through performing a comprehensive survey of instrument parameters and settings, we find instrument conditions for optimized drift time resolution, cross-section resolution, and cross-section accuracy for a range of peptide, protein and multi-protein complex ions. Moreover, the conditions for high accuracy IM results are significantly different from those optimized for separation resolution, indicating that a balance between these two metrics must be attained for traveling wave IM separations of biomolecules. We also assess the effect of ion heating during IM separation on instrument performance.
Bacterial Nitration of 4-Chlorobiphenyl (1982)

In the course of a study dealing with the biodegradation of 4-chlorobiphenyl by strain B-206, we noticed that the gram-negative bacterium accumulated different metabolic intermediates depending on the nitrogen source of the medium. Hence, in the presence of nitrate, strain B-206 produced four compounds which were identified as 2- and 4-hydroxy-4'-chlorobiphenyl and 2- and 4-hydroxy-mononitro-4'-chlorobiphenyl. The accumulation of these compounds in the culture medium indicated the presence of a monooxygenase in strain B-206 leading to the production of arene oxide intermediates. The possible transformation of 4-chlorobiphenyl to an arene oxide by this bacterial strain is a matter of concern because of the high reactivity of these arene oxides with biological material.
Anisotropic Model of High-Tc Superconductivity (1990)

An anisotropic model of high-Tc superconductivity has been proposed. It is shown that there exist two energy gaps in agreement with recent experiments. If the system is isotropic and the mechanism involves phonons, we obtain the BCS results. The coupling strength for phonon and nonphonon mechanisms for YBa2Cu3O7-δ system is also discussed, we find that the phonon mechanism is not the proper mechanism for these high-Tc materials. Recent experiments on isotopic shifts seem to support our prediction.
A Low Temperature Liquid Sulfur Dioxide Cell (1948)

An investigation was made to determine the possibility of constructing a low temperature cell in a liquid sulfur dioxide medium. Vapor pressures and solubilities of several highly soluble salts in liquid sulfur dioxide were determined in an effort to obtain an electrolyte which would remain liquid at atmospheric pressure and up to room temperature. Magnesium and sodium were chosen as anodes because of high potential and low cost. The cell Na; , , ; Fe was the most promising one developed. Discharge characteristics and shelf life were investigated. The open circuit voltage varied from 3.5 volts at room temperature to 2.7 volts at −60°C. Under high drain, the voltage varied from 2.6 to 1.2 over the same temperature range, and the short‐circuited current from 70 to 16 ma./cm2.
Theory of Superconductivity (1962)

Recently Eliashberg derived the theory of superconductivity by the Green's function technique. The energy-gap equation was deduced by a self-consistent calculation. The result is similar to the integral equation of Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer except that the effective electron interaction potential is different from the Bardeen-Pines potential as well as the Bogoliubov potential. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these differences. It shows that the "dangerous terms" in the Bogoliubov theory may be calculated in a different manner. The compensation of these dangerous terms leads to the result of Eliashberg. Therefore the self-consistent calculation of Eliashberg is but a different interpretation of the Bogoliubov's idea. However, it is argued that the most reliable way of treating the problem should be the variational method because it gives the lowest ground-state energy. This method gives all the results of Bogoliubov in the lowest order of approximation, but is free from arbitrary interpretations.
An Direct-Execution Framework for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Superscalar Processors (1998)

Multiprocessor system evaluation has traditionally been based on direct-execution based Execution-Driven Simulations (EDS). In such environments, the processor component of the system is not fully modeled. With wide issue superscalar processors being the norm in today's multiprocessor nodes, there is an urgent need for modeling the processor accurately. However, using direct execution to model a superscalar processor has been considered an open problem. Hence, current approaches model the processor by interpreting the application executable. Unfortunately, this approach can be slow. In this paper, we propose a novel direct-execution framework that allows accurate simulation of wide-issue superscalar processors without the need for code interpretation. This is achieved with the aid of an Interface Window between the front-end and the architectural simulator, that buffers the necessary information. This eliminates the need for full-fledged instruction emulation. Overall, this approach enables detailed yet fast EDS of superscalar processors. Finally, we evaluate the framework and show good performance for uni- and multiprocessor configurations.
Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals (2015)

Demand for animal protein for human consumption is rising globally at an unprecedented rate. Modern animal production practices are associated with regular use of antimicrobials, potentially increasing selection pressure on bacteria to become resistant. Despite the significant potential consequences for antimicrobial resistance, there has been no quantitative measurement of global antimicrobial consumption by livestock. We address this gap by using Bayesian statistical models combining maps of livestock densities, economic projections of demand for meat products, and current estimates of antimicrobial consumption in high-income countries to map antimicrobial use in food animals for 2010 and 2030. We estimate that the global average annual consumption of antimicrobials per kilogram of animal produced was 45 mg⋅kg(-1), 148 mg⋅kg(-1), and 172 mg⋅kg(-1) for cattle, chicken, and pigs, respectively. Starting from this baseline, we estimate that between 2010 and 2030, the global consumption of antimicrobials will increase by 67%, from 63,151 ± 1,560 tons to 105,596 ± 3,605 tons. Up to a third of the increase in consumption in livestock between 2010 and 2030 is imputable to shifting production practices in middle-income countries where extensive farming systems will be replaced by large-scale intensive farming operations that routinely use antimicrobials in subtherapeutic doses. For Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, the increase in antimicrobial consumption will be 99%, up to seven times the projected population growth in this group of countries. Better understanding of the consequences of the uninhibited growth in veterinary antimicrobial consumption is needed to assess its potential effects on animal and human health.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADHESIVENESS OF HUMAN LEUCOCYTES AND PLATELETS IN VITRO (1961)

Some factors affecting the retention of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), lymphocytes, and platelets on a siliconized glass bead column were explored. PMN were more effectively retained when the flow rates were slow and the columns long. They were found largely on the upper portions of the columns except with rapid flow rates when they spread down the columns. PMN retention on the columns was greatest in the range 30 degrees -43 degrees C. Both magnesium and calcium ions were required for full adhesiveness; calcium ions alone were unable to restore adhesiveness to PMN from blood which had been treated with a chelating resin to remove divalent cations. The adhesiveness of the PMN was independent of cyanide and dinitrophenol, but was almost completely eliminated by iodoacetamide. Under all the conditions mentioned above in which adhesiveness was lost there was a concurrent loss of the usual ability of the PMN to migrate, but at least in the presence of EDTA, a capacity to change shape by pseudopod formation remained. Lymphocytes were retained on the columns to a much lesser extent than the PMN under all conditions and, within limits, this retention was not related to either flow rate or column length. Maximum lymphocyte retention occurred in the range 30 degrees -43 degrees C. No dependence of lymphocyte adhesiveness was shown for divalent cations, cyanide, dinitrophenol, or iodoacetamide, but such dependence is not excluded by the data obtained. Platelets were largely retained by the glass bead columns under most conditions and this was unrelated to temperature in the range 0 degrees -50 degrees C. Their adhesiveness was found to require either magnesium or calcium ions and to be blocked by iodoacetamide.
Socially connecting and socially distancing consumer choices (2014)

Can people use consumption to manage their social relationships? Across three essays, this dissertation explores why and how people make consumer choices that socially connect or distance themselves from others. Essay 1 examines how motives to signal social identity and uniqueness can lead people to make choices that both connect and distance them from other members of their social group. People are often conflicted between wanting to fit in and be different. This research demonstrates how consumers simultaneously satisfy competing motives for group identification and individual uniqueness along different dimensions of choice, thus allowing them to be similar and different at the same time. Essay 2 studies how consumers' gift choices can change how socially connected their recipients feel to them. This research examines actual and hypothetical gift exchanges in real-life relationships and reveals that experiential gifts (events recipients live through) make recipients feel more connected to their gift giver than material gifts (objects for the recipient to keep), regardless of whether the gift is consumed together. Experiential gifts have this connecting effect because of the greater emotion they evoke when consumed. Essay 3 investigates how the emotion that motivates gift giving can affect how connected or disconnected gift givers and recipients feel to each other. This research shows that the same situation of social inequity can elicit feelings of gratitude or guilt, and explores the downstream social consequences of gifts that say "thanks" versus "sorry." Gifts can help restore relationships, but with differential effects for gift givers and recipients. Gift givers report greater improvements in social connection when giving out of guilt, whereas recipients report greater improvements when receiving a gift given out of gratitude. By studying relationships between people, this dissertation provides a richer understanding of the role of consumption in people's social lives and offers guidance to help people foster closer relationships with others.
Physical properties of nonstoichiometric iron sulfide Fe1−xS near the α-phase transition (1976)

Fe1-xS shows a phase transition of first order at about 140 °C. The hexagonal lowtemperature phase of p-type having a superstructure of the NiAs-type changes into the high-temperature phase having the NiAs-type structure. Electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power, and magnetic susceptibility of Fe1−xS single crystals are measured in dependence on x. The electrical properties of the low-temperature phase change with x and may be explained by the presence of Fe-vacancies. The transition temperature decreases linearly with x, the hysteresis of the phase transition increases linearly with x. Fe1.00S has a transition temperature of 152 °C. Fe1−xS besitzt bei etwa 140 °C einen Phasenübergang erster Ordnung. Die p-leitende hexagonale Tieftemperaturphase mit einer NiAs-Überstruktur geht in die hexagonale NiAs-Struktur über. Spezifischer Widerstand, Thermokraft und magnetische Suszeptibilität von Fe1−xS-Einkristallen werden in Abhängigkeit von x untersucht. Die elektrischen Eigen-schaften der Tieftemperaturphase verändern sich mit x und lassen sich mit dem Vorhanden-sein von Fe-Leerstellen erklären. Die Umwandlungstemperatur nimmt linear mit x ab, die Hysterese der Umwandlung wächst linear mit x an. Die Umwandlungstemperatur von Fe1.00S liegt bei 152 °C.
Abstract P1-02-10: Reduced serum B-cell maturation antigen levels predict poor outcome in metastatic breast cancer patients in a phase 3 randomized 2nd-line hormone therapy trial (2017)

Abstract Background: B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and has two ligands, B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL). These ligands activate cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of normal and malignant B-cells including in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines. Berenson et al have recently reported that circulating BCMA levels are elevated in B-cell malignancies and can be used to monitor disease and predict PFS and OS for patients with MM, Waldenstroms's macroglobulinemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). On the other hand, recent studies have shown that serum BCMA levels are very low among patients with MM in complete remission with low antibody levels and those with primary immune deficiencies specifically those with combined variable immune deficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Studies of the potential role of serum BCMA for patients with solid tumors has not been evaluated to date. Methods: The pretreatment serum from 139 patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer who were enrolled in a phase 3 randomized clinical trial of second-line hormone therapy was evaluated using an ELISA for BCMA. The BCMA ELISA was from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Serum BCMA was correlated with TTP using categorical serum BCMA cutpoints. Results: Pretreatment serum BCMA levels had a median of 55.61 ng/ml, an interquartile range of 34.20 and 78.79 ng/ml, and full range from 3.99 to 1193.26 ng/ml. In univariate analysis for TTP, reduced serum BCMA correlated with shorter TTP at the following dichotomous cutpoints: 15 ng/ml [HR=2.60, p=0.064, n=6 (4.3%) of patients below cutpoint]; 20 ng/ml [HR=2.88, p=0.005, n=10 (7.2%) of patients below cutpoint]; 25 ng/ml [HR=2.16, p=0.023, n=13 (9.4%) of patients below cutpoint]; and 30 ng/ml [HR=1.77, p=0.016, n=27 (19.4%) of patients below the cutpoint]. Conclusions: In a phase 3 randomized clinical trial of second-line hormone therapy among patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, reduced pretreatment serum BCMA was associated with shorter TTP. This may be due to the association of reduced serum BCMA with immune deficiency; and, thus, lead to shorter TTP among patients with metastatic breast cancer. Evaluation of serum BCMA as a new biomarker to predict outcomes for breast cancer and other solid tumor patients deserves further study. Citation Format: Ali SM, Leitzel K, Li M, Udd K, Wang J, Sanchez E, Chen H, Berenson J, Lipton A. Reduced serum B-cell maturation antigen levels predict poor outcome in metastatic breast cancer patients in a phase 3 randomized 2nd-line hormone therapy trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-10.