gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Colloquium</i>: Light scattering by particle and hole arrays (2007)

This Colloquium analyzes the interaction of light with two-dimensional periodic arrays of particles and holes. The enhanced optical transmission observed in the latter and the presence of surface modes in patterned metal surfaces is thoroughly discussed. A review of the most significant discoveries in this area is presented first. A simple tutorial model is then formulated to capture the essential physics involved in these phenomena, while allowing analytical derivations that provide deeper insight. Comparison with more elaborated calculations is offered as well. Finally, hole arrays in plasmon-supporting metals are compared to perforated perfect conductors, thus assessing the role of plasmons in these types of structures through analytical considerations. The developments that have been made in nanophotonics areas related to plasmons in nanostructures, extraordinary optical transmission in hole arrays, complete resonant absorption and emission of light, and invisibility in structured metals are illustrated in this Colloquium in a comprehensive, tutorial fashion.
The accumulation of novobiocin by <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1994)

The accumulation of novobiocin by Escherichia coli was shown to be a nonsaturable process. Inhibitors or uncouplers of respiration had no effect on accumulation in cells grown in Isosensitest broth, whereas, bacteria grown in nutrient broth demonstrated an energy-dependent efflux mechanism. In contrast, accumulation of novobiocin by Staphylococcus aureus was found to have a Km of 74 microM and uncouplers and inhibitors of respiration reduced the accumulation suggesting that in S. aureus novobiocin is transported actively.
Internet basics (1996)

The following topics are discussed: basic history; Internet overview; and Internet applications (Mail, Telnet, FTP, Gopher, World-Wide-Web).
Structure Recovery via Hybrid Variational Surface Approximation (2005)

Aiming at robust surface structure recovery, we extend the powerful optimization technique of variational shape approximation by allowing for several different primitives to represent the geometric proxy of a surface region. While the original paper only considered planes, we also include spheres, cylinders, and more complex rollingball blend patches. The motivation for this choice is the fact that most technical CAD objects consist of patches from these four categories. The robust segmentation and global optimization properties which have been observed for the variational shape approximation carry over to our hybrid extension. Hence, we can use our algorithm to segment a given mesh model into characteristic patches and provide a corresponding geometric proxy for each patch. The expected result that we recover surface structures more robustly and thus obtain better approximations with a smaller number of primitives, is validated and demonstrated on a number of examples. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Curve, surface, solid and object representations
Java servlet programming, second edition (2001)

Servlets are an exciting and important technology that ties Java to the Web, allowing programmers to write Java programs that create dynamic web content. Java Servlet Programming covers everything Java developers need to know to write effective servlets. It explains the servlet lifecycle, showing how to use servlets to maintain state information effortlessly. It also describes how to serve dynamic web content, including both HTML pages and multimedia data, and explores more advanced topics like integrated session tracking, efficient database connectivity using JDBC, applet-servlet communicaton, interservlet communication, and internationalization. Readers can use the book's numerous real-world examples as the basis for their own servlets. The second edition has been completely updated to cover the new features of Version 2.2 of the Java Servlet API. It introduces chapters on servlet security and advanced communication, and also introduces several popular tools for easier integration of servlet technology with dynamic web pages. These tools include JavaServer Pages (JSP), Tea, XMLC, and the Element Construction Set. In addition to complete coverage of 2.2 specification, Java Servlet programming, 2nd Edition, also contains coverage of the new 2.3 final draft specification.
Norovirus pathogenesis: mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion in human populations (2008)

Noroviruses are important human pathogens known to cause epidemic outbreaks of severe gastroenteritis in communities, military barracks, cruise ships, hospitals, and assisted living communities, resulting in over 267,000,000 annual infections worldwide. Diversity within the norovirus genus allows this virus to persist in human populations, although a single genocluster, the GII.4 noroviruses, currently accounts for approximately 80% of all infections. Noroviruses bind to the polymorphic histoblood group antigens (HBGAs), which act as the putative cellular receptor, and strains from different genoclusters bind various HBGAs. Human challenge studies using viruses from different genoclusters have demonstrated that norovirus immunity is complicated and probably confounded by pre-existing exposure histories and variable immune responses. Evidence for both short-term and long-term immunity has been demonstrated, but the molecular mechanisms mediating differential immune responses in the face of infection remain unclear. Studies with virus-like particles from the GII.4 genocluster demonstrated that variation in and around the receptor-binding domain results in differential HBGA binding and altered antigenicity. These observations suggest that the norovirus capsid evolves to evade the memory immune response while retaining its ability to bind any of several HBGAs. In this review, we discuss how evolution within the capsid drives receptor switching and allows escape from herd immunity.
Phase Minimization for Glottal Model Estimation (2010)

In glottal source analysis, the phase minimization criterion has already been proposed to detect excitation instants. As shown in this paper, this criterion can also be used to estimate the shape parameter of a glottal model (ex. Liljencrants-Fant model) and not only its time position. Additionally, we show that the shape parameter can be estimated independently of the glottal model position. The reliability of the proposed methods is evaluated with synthetic signals and compared to that of the IAIF and minimum/maximum-phase decomposition methods. The results of the methods are evaluated according to the influence of the fundamental frequency and noise. The estimation of a glottal model is useful for the separation of the glottal source and the vocal-tract filter and therefore can be applied in voice transformation, synthesis, and also in clinical context or for the study of the voice production.
Zidovudine treatment of the AIDS dementia complex: Results of a placebo‐controlled trial (1993)

The efficacy of two doses of zidovudine was examined for the treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial conducted at nine study centers. For the initial 16 weeks, 40 subjects with mild to moderate AIDS dementia complex were randomized to one of three treatment arms: 400 mg of zidovudine five times daily, 200 mg of zidovudine five times daily, or placebo five times daily. After week 16, patients initially randomized to the placebo group were rerandomized to one of the two zidovudine treatment arms. The primary efficacy end point was improvement in performance on a battery of seven neuropsychological tests; the secondary end point was improvement on a protocol neurological evaluation directed at the cardinal features of the AIDS dementia complex. For the initial 16-week period, average z scores based on the neuropsychological test battery revealed a significant improvement in the combined treatment groups compared to the placebo group; however, when the two treatment groups were compared separately to the placebo group, only the group receiving the higher zidovudine dose exhibited significant improvement. After rerandomization of the placebo patients to one of the two treatment arms at week 16, this group also showed significant improvement in the average neuropsychological z score by week 32. These results extend previous observations that indicate a therapeutic benefit of zidovudine for the treatment of AIDS dementia complex.
Adaptive noncontact gesture-based system for augmentative communication (1999)

An adaptive noncontact gesture-based system for augmentative communication is described. The system detects movement of any anatomical site through the analysis of reflected speckle. This movement is converted into two-dimensional (2-D) cursor coordinates and an adaptive software interface provides click actions and decision strategies. The system requires no accessory to be placed on the user. The system was developed in conjunction with user groups, who participated in the evaluation of the system. The usability results obtained illustrate the utility of the system. The system also compared favorably with other interface solutions.
Life History and Developmental Processes in the Basidiomycete<i>Coprinus cinereus</i> (2000)

Coprinus cinereus has two main types of mycelia, the asexual monokaryon and the sexual dikaryon, formed by fusion of compatible monokaryons. Syngamy (plasmogamy) and karyogamy are spatially and temporally separated, which is typical for basidiomycetous fungi. This property of the dikaryon enables an easy exchange of nuclear partners in further dikaryotic-monokaryotic and dikaryotic-dikaryotic mycelial fusions. Fruiting bodies normally develop on the dikaryon, and the cytological process of fruiting-body development has been described in its principles. Within the specialized basidia, present within the gills of the fruiting bodies, karyogamy occurs in a synchronized manner. It is directly followed by meiosis and by the production of the meiotic basidiospores. The synchrony of karyogamy and meiosis has made the fungus a classical object to study meiotic cytology and recombination. Several genes involved in these processes have been identified. Both monokaryons and dikaryons can form multicellular resting bodies (sclerotia) and different types of mitotic spores, the small uninucleate aerial oidia, and, within submerged mycelium, the large thick-walled chlamydospores. The decision about whether a structure will be formed is made on the basis of environmental signals (light, temperature, humidity, and nutrients). Of the intrinsic factors that control development, the products of the two mating type loci are most important. Mutant complementation and PCR approaches identified further genes which possibly link the two mating-type pathways with each other and with nutritional regulation, for example with the cAMP signaling pathway. Among genes specifically expressed within the fruiting body are those for two galectins, beta-galactoside binding lectins that probably act in hyphal aggregation. These genes serve as molecular markers to study development in wild-type and mutant strains. The isolation of genes for potential non-DNA methyltransferases, needed for tissue formation within the fruiting body, promises the discovery of new signaling pathways, possibly involving secondary fungal metabolites.
Using time-frequency analysis technique in the classification of surface EMG signals (2002)

A time-frequency analysis technique with Wigner-Ville distribution was developed for discriminating a set of upper limb motions using just one channel surface EMG signals. EMG data were obtained from the distal portion of the deltoid. The limb motions included elbow extension/flexion, wrist pronation/supination, and wrist abduction/adduction. The 2D cross-correlation was employed for classification of the upper limb functions.
Image Superresolution Using Support Vector Regression (2007)

A thorough investigation of the application of support vector regression (SVR) to the superresolution problem is conducted through various frameworks. Prior to the study, the SVR problem is enhanced by finding the optimal kernel. This is done by formulating the kernel learning problem in SVR form as a convex optimization problem, specifically a semi-definite programming (SDP) problem. An additional constraint is added to reduce the SDP to a quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem. After this optimization, investigation of the relevancy of SVR to superresolution proceeds with the possibility of using a single and general support vector regression for all image content, and the results are impressive for small training sets. This idea is improved upon by observing structural properties in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain to aid in learning the regression. Further improvement involves a combination of classification and SVR-based techniques, extending works in resolution synthesis. This method, termed kernel resolution synthesis, uses specific regressors for isolated image content to describe the domain through a partitioned look of the vector space, thereby yielding good results.
Identifying Heavy-Hitter Flows from Sampled Flow Statistics (2007)

With the rapid increase of link speed in recent years, packet sampling has become a very attractive and scalable means in collecting flow statistics; however, it also makes inferring original flow characteristics much more difficult. In this paper, we develop techniques and schemes to identify flows with a very large number of packets (also known as heavy-hitter flows) from sampled flow statistics. Our approach follows a two-stage strategy: We first parametrically estimate the original flow length distribution from sampled flows. We then identify heavy-hitter flows with Bayes' theorem, where the flow length distribution estimated at the first stage is used as an a priori distribution. Our approach is validated and evaluated with publicly available packet traces. We show that our approach provides a very flexible framework in striking an appropriate balance between false positives and false negatives when sampling frequency is given.
<title>Speckle reduction: filtering related to spatial resolution</title> (1995)

We have experimented on the effects on SAR ERS1 scenes of two classes of filters designed for speckle reduction according to the size of the objects to be extracted. The valuation of both classes of filters is done by two criteria: homogeneity and connectivity. The first class of filters is devoted to the extraction of thin features. In this case, the various filters operate within an elementary neighborhood. The filters belonging to the second class enable the extraction of larger elements. These filters are alternated sequential filters obtained by composition of morphological filters using structuring elements of increasing size. The comparison of the results provided by these filters, as well as the parameters quantifying homogeneity and connectivity, will allow the choice of the more accurate filter in order to ensure the extraction of features of various sizes on SAR-ERS1 images.
Topoisomerase I and II activities are required for Epstein--Barr virus replication (1993)

The roles of topoisomerases I and II in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication were investigated using Raji cells infected with EBV. The topoisomerase II inhibitor ellipticine inhibited the synthesis of EBV polypeptides at concentrations which did not affect total protein synthesis. Slot blot analysis of total cellular DNA showed that camptothecin and ellipticine inhibited replication of progeny EBV DNA in superinfected Raji cells at concentrations which did not inhibit synthesis of EBV early polypeptides prerequisite for EBV DNA replication. Analysis of the structure of EBV DNA termini demonstrated that both inhibitors affected the replicating EBV DNA. Gardella gel electrophoresis showed that both inhibitors affected the formation of the linear form of EBV DNA. However, restriction analysis of EBV DNA in superinfected Raji cells demonstrated that both inhibitors degraded neither endogenous nor exogenous EBV DNA. Cell viability was not affected by either inhibitor at the concentrations tested. These findings suggest that topoisomerase II is required for expression of the EBV genome and that both topoisomerases I and II are involved in replication of the EBV genome during the lytic phase of the life cycle. The effects of topoisomerase inhibitors on the circular form of EBV DNA during virus replication are discussed.
Fast wideband source tuning by extra-cavity parametric process (2010)

Fundamental and practical performance limits of continuously tunable optical sources using extra-cavity mixing process are examined. While the parametric process cannot overcome the fundamental tunable limit set by the uncertainty principle, it offers a new path in overcoming the practical performance limits associated with conventional tunable lasers. Specifically, cavity reconfiguration speed is recognized as a limiting process in all tunable lasers that cannot be circumvented by any conventional approach. Recognizing this barrier, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a decoupling concept that relies on extra-cavity mixing to increase the tuning speed and range of any tunable laser source.
Cycloaddition reaction with methylnitrone (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCycloaddition reaction with methylnitroneEugene J. Fornefeld and Andrew J. PikeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 5, 835–839Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01319a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01319a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ajoene and 5-fluorouracil in the topical treatment of<i>Cladophialophora</i><i>carrionii</i>chromoblastomycosis in humans: a comparative open study (2003)

Ajoene and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are compounds that have shown in-vitro activity against Cladophialophora carrionii, an important etiologic agent of chromoblastomycosis. An open comparative trial was conducted to assess safety and effectiveness of topical ajoene and 5-FU in the treatment of localized chromoblastomycosis. Thirty-seven patients with a clinically and mycologically confirmed diagnosis were randomly distributed into two groups allocated to ajoene (0.5% gel; n = 19) or 5-FU (1% cream; n = 18). Topical treatment was applied to localized lesions (< or = 2.5-cm diameter) once a day, with occlusion, for 12-16 weeks. Complete clinical and mycological remission was achieved in 14/19 patients (74%) treated with ajoene and 14/18 patients (78%) treated with 5-FU. All 5-FU-treated patients developed a post-treatment scar at the site of the lesion, while ajoene-treated patients showed only a slight depigmentation of the skin. The differences observed in cure rate between ajoene and 5-FU are not statistically significant. Follow-up of all patients for 4 years revealed no relapses in the ajoene-treated group, while one patient in the 5-FU-treated group had a relapse 6 months after the end of therapy. This trial represents the first clinical use of ajoene in the control of a deep mycosis.
High-Titer Heterologous Production in <i>E. coli</i> of Lyngbyatoxin, a Protein Kinase C Activator from an Uncultured Marine Cyanobacterium (2013)

Many chemically complex cyanobacterial polyketides and nonribosomal peptides are of great pharmaceutical interest, but the levels required for exploitation are difficult to achieve from native sources. Here we develop a framework for the expression of these multifunctional cyanobacterial assembly lines in Escherichia coli using the lyngbyatoxin biosynthetic pathway, derived from a marine microbial assemblage dominated by the cyanobacterium Moorea producens. Heterologous expression of this pathway afforded high titers of both lyngbyatoxin A (25.6 mg L(-1)) and its precursor indolactam-V (150 mg L(-1)). Production, isolation, and identification of all expected chemical intermediates of lyngbyatoxin biosynthesis in E. coli also confirmed the previously proposed biosynthetic route, setting a solid chemical foundation for future pathway engineering. The successful production of the nonribosomal peptide lyngbyatoxin A in E. coli also opens the possibility for future heterologous expression, characterization, and exploitation of other cyanobacterial natural product pathways.
Traps in displaying optical performances of a progressive-addition lens (1992)

Typical traps when displaying the partial optical performances of a progressive-addition lens (PAL) are presented. The PAL is briefly described first. Then the ray-tracing software is described in detail. It permits the computation of the optical performance of the PAL in typical cases. For a reference PAL optical partial performances, which are computed in different cases, are displayed. The plots show that the performance depends on the computation conditions, that displaying only some areas of the partial performance may lead to traps for the characterization of the PAL, and that coma must be taken into account to obtain a precise measurement.
WATER RESOURCES EDUCATION DISCUSSED IN PARIS AND STRASBOURG (1975)

(1975). WATER RESOURCES EDUCATION DISCUSSED IN PARIS AND STRASBOURG. Water International: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 22-28.
Survey of school violence among 875 middle-school students (2009)

Objective To survey the prevalence of school violence among middle school students.Methods 875 middle -school students from grade 1 -2 of junior and senior high school were recruited.Self -designed questionnaire of adolescent and the safety of schoolyard were employed.Results The rate of psychological violence was 59.0%,and physical violence was 35.7%;29.0% of the interviewers considered school violence the minor mistake;43.4% of the students would resort to teachers or parents or police after school violence,28.6% would not to report,28.0% did not think about it or be at a loss.Conclusions School violence is serious and most of the students lacking correct understanding of school violence.The effective measures be taken to prevent the occurrence of school violence.
Human Adenovirus Type 2 but Not Adenovirus Type 12 Is Mutagenic at the Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase Locus of Cloned Rat Liver Epithelial Cells (1983)

Using resistance to the base analog 8-azaguanine as a genetic marker, we showed that adenovirus type 2, but not adenovirus type 12, is mutagenic at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus of cloned diploid rat liver epithelial cells. Adenovirus type 2 increased the frequency of 8-azaguanine-resistant colonies by up to ninefold over the spontaneous frequency, depending on expression time and virus dose.