gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of Gulf of Mexico Marine Protected Areas (2004)

Commercial and recreational fishers in the Gulf of Mexico routinely express in public testimony their concern over the number of fishery regulations in general, and the prospect of having closed areas that affect their opportunities to fish. Of the 16 closed areas, or marine protected areas, in the Gulf that restrict shrimp and reef-fish fishing, most have not provided anticipated protection for exploited species. The unintended consequences in several cases affect other fisheries or endangered species by shifting fishing effort and thus increasing the vulnerability of additional populations. Three areas are so new that few data are available to demonstrate their effectiveness, although preliminary data are promising. The main problems hindering the effectiveness of Gulf closed areas are ill-conceived development, lack of performance monitoring, and inadequate enforcement. We suggest that well-designed Gulf closed areas be created to address fishing gear impacts on habitat, provide an area free of fishing to allow scientists to obtain accurate estimates of natural or fishing mortality critical to fishery stock assessments, and protect source populations.
A new flux weakening control algorithm for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (2002)

The operation range of interior permanent magnet synchronous (IPM) motors is mainly limited by the saturation of the inverter. In order to extend the operation range of IPM motors, a flux weakening control algorithm should be employed. The terminal voltage ratio is defined to determine the saturation of the inverter. The flux weakening operation region can be directly determined by monitoring the terminal voltage ratio. A new flux weakening control algorithm is now derived based on minimal terminal voltage ratio. This method can make the utmost use of the inverter capacity, and it can greatly extend the operation range of IPM motors. Simulation results by means of these methods are provided and compared with the conventional schemes.
Polyclonal nature of the intestinal mucosal lymphocyte populations in inflammatory bowel disease (1988)

Abstract To define the clonality of the intestinal lymphocytes involved in the immune response of inflammatory bowel disease, we performed a molecular genetic analysis of the arrangement of the immunoglobulin and antigen-specific T-cell receptor genes of isolated lamina propria lymphocytes derived from resected intestinal specimens of 12 patients with Crohn's disease, 5 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis, and 7 patients with other gastrointestinal diseases. The sensitivity of this technique is sufficient to detect a monoclonal population when there is as little as 1% clonal expansion in a mixed cell population. In all these groups of patients, deoxyribonucleic acid from the non-T cells demonstrated only a germ-line gene pattern, and no non-germ-line rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes as assessed by an immunoglobulin-joining heavy-chain gene probe. Deoxyribonucleic acid from the lamina propria T cells showed a rearrangement pattern of the antigen-specific T-cell receptor β- and γ-chain genes that is characteristic of polyclonal T cells as assessed by T-constant β- and T-joining γ-gene probes. These results indicate that the lamina propria non-T- and T-lymphocyte populations in inflammatory bowel disease and controls are polyclonal.
Nesting of Salvin's Barbet (1938)

Nesting of Salvin•s Barbet.--It was my good fortune to observe two nests of Salvin's Barber, Eubucco bourcieri salvini (Shelley) at E1 Volcan, Province de Chirio qui, Panama, in June and July, 1937.Since there appears to be no published record of the nesting of any of the New World barbers, it may be worth while to mention my own notes on the subject.Both nests were situated in woodpecker excavations in decaying fence posts.The holes were of a size suggesting the work of Centurus.The first nest, at E1 Volcan, 4100 feet elevation, was in a fence-row at the edge of the jungle.The entrance hole was five feet from the ground, and 1.25 inches in
Correlation Algorithms for Radar Map Matching (1978)

The results of a theoretical study of a simple radar edge detection correlation approach are presented. Several candidate edge correlation algorithms are described. Results of a theoretical evaluation of one particular candidate correlation algorithm are presented and verification of the edge correlation concept is provided through a presentation of correlation performance obtained using real radar imagery.
Pores in the Wall (2000)

In vertebrates, tight junctions (TJs) play a central role in sealing the intercellular space in epithelial and endothelial cellular sheets ([Schneeberger and Lynch 1992][1]; [Gumbiner 1993][2]; [Anderson and van Itallie 1995][3]). Without TJs, these cellular sheets cannot function as barriers to
A new localized superpixel Markov random field for image segmentation (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel localized Markov random field (MRF) method based on superpixels for region segmentation. Early vision problems could be formulated as pixel labeling using MRF. But the local interaction in MRF is limited to pixel label comparison. We propose a new localized superpixel Markov random field (SMRF) model to incorporate local data interaction in unsupervised parameter learning. The advantages of the new model include computational efficiency by using superpixel structure and its ability to integrate local knowledge in the learning process. Quantitative evaluation and visual effects show that the new model achieves not only better segmentation accuracy but also lower computational cost than the baseline pixel based model.
EFFECT OF FEED CUT IN FIFTH INSTAR ON COCOON CHARACTERS AND DISEASE INCIDENCE IN SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI L. (2001)

International audience
Pathogenic Effects of D23N Iowa Mutant Amyloid β-Protein (2001)

Cerebral amyloid beta-protein angiopathy (CAA) is a key pathological feature of patients with Alzheimer's disease and certain related disorders. In these conditions the CAA is characterized by the deposition of Abeta within the cerebral vessel wall and, in severe cases, hemorrhagic stroke. Several mutations have been identified within the Abeta region of the Abeta protein precursor (AbetaPP) gene that appear to enhance the severity of CAA. We recently described a new mutation within the Abeta region (D23N) of AbetaPP that is associated with severe CAA in an Iowa kindred (Grabowski, T. J., Cho, H. S., Vonsattel, J. P. G., Rebeck, G. W., and Greenberg, S. M. (2001) Ann. Neurol. 49, 697-705). In the present study, we investigated the effect of this new D23N mutation on the processing of AbetaPP and the pathogenic properties of Abeta. Neither the D23N Iowa mutation nor the E22Q Dutch mutation affected the amyloidogenic processing of AbetaPP expressed in H4 cells. The A21G Flemish mutation, in contrast, resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in secreted Abeta peptide. We also tested synthetic wild-type and mutant Abeta40 peptides for fibrillogenesis and toxicity toward cultured human cerebrovascular smooth muscle (HCSM) cells. The E22Q Dutch, D23N Iowa, and E22Q,D23N Dutch/Iowa double mutant Abeta40 peptides rapidly assembled in solution to form fibrils, whereas wild-type and A21G Flemish Abeta40 peptides exhibited little fibril formation. Similarly, the E22Q Dutch and D23N Iowa Abeta40 peptides were found to induce robust pathologic responses in cultured HCSM cells, including elevated levels of cell-associated AbetaPP, proteolytic breakdown of smooth muscle cell alpha-actin, and cell death. Double mutant E22Q,D23N Dutch/Iowa Abeta40 was more potent than either single mutant form of Abeta in causing pathologic responses in HCSM cells. These data suggest that the different CAA mutations in AbetaPP may exert their pathogenic effects through different mechanisms. Whereas the A21G Flemish mutation appears to enhance Abeta production, the E22Q Dutch and D23N Iowa mutations enhance fibrillogenesis and the pathogenicity of Abeta toward HCSM cells.
Eco-friendly Flame Retardant (FR) Pet Fibers through P – N Synergism (2008)

Polyester forms a major constituent among the synthetic fiber industry. It is the most popular synthetic fiber because of its high strength and esthetic appeal. Polyester being highly crystalline, hydrophobic and devoid of reactive groups, it is difficult to introduce reactive phosphorus into the fiber structure through chemical reactions with the phosphorus compounds. Fairly large quantities of the FR chemicals have to be incorporated to achieve self-extinguishing behavior. Although not all Flame Retardant (FR) chemicals are hazardous, it is advisable from an ecological point of view to introduce minimum quantities of FR substances in the fiber structure. The present Paper tries to address the said problems in a small way, so that the PET fiber could be better acceptable. Therefore, graft co-polymerization of nitrogenous vinyl monomers has been carried out on the fiber followed by its reaction with phosphorus chemicals, thereby incorporating reactive phosphorus in the grafted substrate. It has been shown that a very small amount of the FR chemical could impart fire resistance of very high order to polyester. Self-extinguishing characteristic was achieved for poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers with acrylamide-grafted-phosphorylated (AM-g-P) PET fibers containing just 0.189% phosphorus on-weight-of-fiber (owf). Similar results were obtained for methacrylamide-grafted-phosphorylated (MAm-g-P) polyester fibers at the 0.77% phosphorus content level. Efficiency of phosphorus in presence of nitrogen that was achieved was at 263% for acrylamide (AM) system, while it was −12% for acrylonitrile (AN-phosphorus combination). This is attributed to P-N synergism in case of the FR polyester system when the nitrogen is in the amido form present in AM and MAm monomers.
Partition Coefficients of Some Antioxidants in Butteroil-Water Model Systems (1970)

The butteroiI/water partition coefficients of the esters of gallic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid have been determined. Butylated hydroxyanisole exhibited the highest preference for the oil phase, with a partition coefficient over 800. The coefficients of the gallic acid esters increased with increasing chain length of the alcoholic substituent, ranging from 0.24 for ethyl gallate to 71 for hexyl gallate. Increasing the temperature lowered the coefficient for the gallates, with the effect most pronounced for the higher homologues. Milk salts exhibited no effect on the coefficient of nordihydroguaiaretic acid or butylated hydroxyanisole but caused a decrease of partitioning of the gallates.
Cytogenetic and FISH Techniques in Myeloid Malignancies (2006)

Chromosome analysis is an essential part of the diagnostic testing of myeloid malignancies. Good chromosome preparations are essential for a complete cytogenetic analysis. This means plentiful metaphase spreads with well-spread crisply banded chromosomes. To achieve such a result, several variables, including the growth rate of the leukemic cells, are critical. The method described in this chapter has been extensively tested and should produce reasonable results from most cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is less influenced by sample variation and as a result may be obtained from either metaphase spreads or interphase cells. Moreover, FISH is capable of describing chromosome rearrangements at the gene level, rather than at the gross level shown by conventional cytogenetics. It does not, however, provide information on genetic rearrangements other than at the specific target site of the probe used, unlike conventional cytogenetics. Thus, these two techniques complement each other and are both now essential elements of chromosome analysis.
Mechanical and Dimensional Characteristics of Fused Deposition Modeling Build Styles (2018)

As rapid prototyping becomes more prominent, industry relies more on\nthe mechanical properties of the builds. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)\ntensile samples were constructed and tested in order to characterize the\nmechanical properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) FDM builds.\nParameters such as fill gap, line width, and slice thickness were varied in the\nproduction of the FDM samples. This was performed independently to isolate the\neffect of each parameter on mechanical properties. Results include the ultimate\ntensile strength, yield strength, elongation, energy to fracture, modulus of\nelasticity, and dimensional analysis. High magnification fracture surface analysis\nwas also be performed to aid in the characterization of sample failures.
Tumour cell u‐PA as a cause of fibrinolytic bleeding in metastatic disease (1997)

Tumour cells may express urokinase type plasminogen activator (u-PA). This may influence the invasive properties of the cells but has seldom been implicated in production of a systemic bleeding state. Two patients are described in whom severe bleeding occurred in association with disseminated malignancies. Thrombin generation was little disturbed and platelet numbers were insufficient to account for the bleeding. Florid plasmin generation was evident in the circulation and the fibrinolytic inhibitor tranexamic acid controlled the bleeding well. Free active u-PA was demonstrated in the circulation and u-PA antigen on the malignant cells which invaded the marrow of one of the patients. Tumour cell u-PA may occasionally be responsible for a bleeding state.
Plasmalogen Deficit: A New and Testable Hypothesis for the Etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease (2011)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex cognitive disorder for which the single greatest risk factor is age. The pathophysiological basis for AD is still a matter of debate with no current hypothesis explaining all of the complex pathological changes observed. These include neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, neuroinflammation, hypomyelination, neuronal shrinkage (eg. Nbasalis cholinergic neurons, resulting in a dramatic cholinergic deficit), ocular pathology, microvascular pathology and liver peroxisomal dysfunction. The hypothesis that we are presenting, namely peroxisomal dysfunction resulting in decreased supply of critical ethanolamine plasmalogens to the brain, eye and vascular endothelium, is the first hypothesis that can potentially explain all of these complex pathologies in AD. The value of this hypothesis is that it is imminently testable via resupply of critical ether lipid precursors of plasmalogens. PPI-1011 is such a drug candidate and will be presented after a review of the basis of this hypothesis.
Bias and Generalization in Deep Generative Models: An Empirical Study (2018)

In high dimensional settings, density estimation algorithms rely crucially on their inductive bias. Despite recent empirical success, the inductive bias of deep generative models is not well understood. In this paper we propose a framework to systematically investigate bias and generalization in deep generative models of images. Inspired by experimental methods from cognitive psychology, we probe each learning algorithm with carefully designed training datasets to characterize when and how existing models generate novel attributes and their combinations. We identify similarities to human psychology and verify that these patterns are consistent across commonly used models and architectures.
Dynamic personalization of web sites without user intervention (2007)

A novel online recommender system builds profiling models and offers suggestions without the user taking the lead.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1-mediated Inhibition of the flk-1/KDR Gene Is Mediated by a 5′-Untranslated Region Palindromic GATA Site (2001)

The angiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor are mediated predominantly by the FLK-1/KDR receptor. An understanding of the transcriptional control mechanisms underlying flk-1/KDR expression should provide insight into the molecular basis of angiogenesis. In this study, we show that transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) down-regulates expression of the endogenous flk-1/KDR gene in endothelial cells. In transient transfection assays, this effect was mapped to a palindromic GATA site in the 5'-untranslated region. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the palindromic GATA site was shown to bind to two molecules of GATA protein. Moreover, DNA-GATA interactions were inhibited by TGF-beta(1). Finally, in cotransfection assays, transactivation of the flk-1/KDR promoter by GATA-1 or GATA-2 was attenuated in TGF-beta(1)-treated cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the TGF-beta-1-mediated inhibition of the flk-1/KDR gene is mediated by a 5'-untranslated region palindromic GATA site.
Psoriasis mutations disrupt CARD14 autoinhibition promoting BCL10-MALT1-dependent NF-κB activation (2016)

Inherited and de novo mutations in the CARD14 gene promote the development of psoriasis, an inflammatory disease of the skin. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 14 (CARD14) is a member of the CARMA protein family that includes the structurally related CARD11 adaptor that mediates NF-κB activation by antigen receptors. We investigated the mechanism by which CARD14 mutation in psoriasis activates NF-κB. In contrast with wild-type CARD14, CARD14(E138A) and CARD14(G117S) psoriasis mutants interacted constitutively with BCL10 and MALT1, and triggered BCL10- and MALT1-dependent activation of NF-κB in keratinocytes. These alterations disrupted the inhibitory effect of the CARD14 linker region (LR) on NF-κB activation by facilitating BCL10 binding. Therefore, psoriasis mutations activated CARD14 by a mechanism analogous to oncogenic CARD11 mutations in non-Hodgkin B cell lymphomas. CARD14(E138A) also stimulated MALT1 paracaspase activity and activated both ERK1/2 and p38α MAP kinases. Inhibition of MALT1 with mepazine reduced CARD14(E138A)-induced expression of specific psoriasis-associated transcripts in keratinocytes. Our results establish the mechanism whereby gain-of-function CARD14 variants, which induce psoriatic disease in affected individuals, activate pro-inflammatory signalling.
Grating light valves for high resolution displays (1994)

Summary form only given, as follows. The grating light valve (GLV) is a surface micromachined device based on electrostatically controlling the position of thin ribbons which comprise an array of reflective diffraction gratings. The GLV is well suited for portable and projection display applications. The GLV is capable of color operation as well as high brightness operation. Pixels switch in as short as 20 nanoseconds, are bistable and have demonstrated a contrast ratio as high as 200:1.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ionospheric imaging using computerized tomography (1988)

Computerized tomography (CT) techniques can be used to produce a two‐dimensional image of the electron density in the ionosphere. The CT problem requires that the measured data be the line integral through the medium of the unknown parameter; transionospheric satellite beacon total electron content data recorded simultaneously at multiple ground stations fulfill this requirement. In this paper the CT problem is formulated as it applies to ionospheric imaging and limitations of the technique are investigated. Simulations are performed assuming a 1000‐km‐altitude polar‐orbiting satellite and both five and three ground stations; the results demonstrate the feasibility of this technique.
Clinical and Immunologic Effects of Fractionated Total Lymphoid Irradiation in Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis (1981)

Ten patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis were given 3000 rad of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation in an uncontrolled therapeutic trial. Total lymphoid irradiation was associated with objective evidence of considerable clinical improvement in eight patients and with reduced blood lymphocyte counts in all 10. On completion of irradiation, there was an abrogation of lymphocyte reactivity in vitro in the patients with clinical responses, but abnormal antibody activities characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis and normal components of humoral immunity were not suppressed. Partial recrudescence of arthritis occurred shortly after a year after the completion of irradiation and was paralleled by a restitution of lymphocyte concentrations and responsiveness to mitogens to levels similar to those observed before irradiation. These data provide further evidence of T-cell involvement in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and demonstrate that total lymphoid irradiation can induce temporary relief, but they do not ascertain whether the natural history of this disease was altered.
TRANSMUTATION OF SPECIES IN THE GENUS<i>ACETOBACTER</i> (1956)

Starting with a pure culture of the non-cellulosic species Acetobacter mesoxydans Frateur, isolated from vinegar, the use of two highly selective methods favouring (a) cellulosic mutants, and (b) non-cellulosic ones, has resulted in the isolation of mutants which, if encountered in natural habitats, would be identifiable as A. xylinum, A. xylinoides, A. orleanense, and A. rancens, respectively. It seems profitless to speculate which of these, together with A. mesoxydans, can be regarded as the “parent” species, since, in a state of nature, or in a vinegar acetifler, or in laboratory media, the environment selects the mutant with the highest appropriate survival value therein.
Irreversible enzyme inhibitors. CLXXV. Irreversible inhibition of purifed dihydrofolic reductase (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIrreversible enzyme inhibitors. CLXXV. Irreversible inhibition of purifed dihydrofolic reductaseBernard Randall Baker and Nicolaas M. J. VermeulenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 6, 1143–1148Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00300a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00300a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advances in Optical Fiber Laser Micromachining for Sensors Development (2013)

Both lasers and optical fibers technology appeared in the 1960s, being, from the start, close related. Even though the latter gained increased visibility in telecommunications, first ex‐ periments using optical fiber sensors are reported from early 1970s. From then on, research in optical fiber sensors has increased taking advantage of their potential when comparing with “traditional” sensors. Although there are many well established techniques to manu‐ facture optical fiber sensors, the use of laser technology as increased as their cost diminishes (at least for older, well matured laser sources technology) and new laser sources appeared. This new tool has the advantage of producing well controlled light beams.