gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L-histidinol reverses resistance to cisplatinum and other antineoplastics in a tumorigenic epithelial cell line. (1997)

L-Histidinol protects normal cells from various anticancer drugs, while enhancing the toxicity of the same agents in drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Here, we report that L-histidinol circumvents a novel form of multiple-drug resistance in the MDCK-T1 line, a tumorigenic derivative of the phenotypically-normal Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line. Clonogenic cells survival assays showed that, compared to the parental MDCK line, the MDCK-T1 line was resistant to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (approximately 15 fold), to cisplatinum (approximately 10 fold), to 5-fluorouracil (approximately 10-fold) and to cytosine arabinoside (approximately 15-fold). L-Histidinol reversed the resistance of MDCK-T1 cells to these anticancer drugs while protecting the parental MDCK line from these agents. These studies indicate that L-histidinol reverses a unique form of drug-resistance in MDCK-T1 cells by a mechanism dependent upon protein synthesis inhibition.
Synthesis and optical storage properties of a novel polymethacrylate with benzothiazole azo chromophore in the side chain (2004)

A new amorphous high-Tg azo polymer with benzothiazole group in the side chain, poly{2-{4-[[N-(2-methacryloyl)ethyl]-N-ethyl]phenylazo}-6-nitro-benzothiazole} (pBTAMC), was prepared and its optical storage properties were investigated in thin films. Comparison is made with three push-pull azobenzene polymers: poly{4-[[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]ethylamino]-4′-(methylsulfonyl)azobenzene}(pDRSAM), poly{4-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylsulfonyl]-4′-(diethylamino)azobenzene}(pDRASM} and poly{4-[[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]ethylamino]-4′-nitroazobenzene} (pDR1M) in order to study the effect of chromophore structure on optical storage properties. The thermal cis-trans isomerization behavior of azo groups in polymer films, measured by means of flash photolysis, revealed that the rate constant of thermal isomerization increases with the increase in dipole moment of azo chromophores. In these systems, the relaxation of the cis-isomer was analyzed as the sum of two first-order reactions, a fast and a slow one. The azo chromophore orientation induced by irradiation of polymer films with linearly polarized light was measured as birefringence. Both the level of photoinduced birefringence and the rate of achieving it follow the order pDR1M > pDRASM > pDRSAM > pBTAMC. pBTAMC, which contains the strongest pair of donor-acceptor substituents in the azo chromophore side chain, exhibits the highest stability of the induced order (93% of photoinduced birefringence is maintained after relaxation). In pBTAMC films, the chromophore orientation is accompanied by some irreversible chromophore bleaching.
Activation of Functional Oxytocin Receptors Stimulates Cell Proliferation in Human Trophoblast and Choriocarcinoma Cell Lines* (2001)

Despite oxytocin receptors (OTR) being present in human chorio-decidual tissues, their expression and role in placental trophoblast cells in the context of tumor growth or physiological functions related to cell proliferation have never been examined. In the present study we demonstrate the presence and functionality of OTR in normal human trophoblast cell lines (ED77 and ED27) and a choriocarcinoma cell line (BeWo). RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis revealed the presence of OTR messenger RNA and protein in these cells. Binding studies using [(125)I]oxytocin ([(125)I]OT) antagonist confirmed the presence of specific binding sites in ED27, ED77, and BeWo cells. OTR functionality was demonstrated by measuring the OT-induced increase in the intracellular calcium concentrations. This effect was dose dependent and was blocked by the selective OT antagonist d(CH(2))(5)[Tyr(Me)(2),Thr(4), Tyr-NH(2)(9)]OVT (OT antagonist). Furthermore, two proteins with apparent molecular masses of 125 and 60 kDa became tyrosine phosphorylated in all of the cell lines after OT stimulation (and an additional protein of 45 kDa in BeWo choriocarcinoma cells), suggesting that this peptide can stimulate tyrosine kinase activity. Finally, we observed a dose-dependent OT stimulation of cell proliferation associated with OTR activation that was completely abolished by the selective OT antagonist. These findings provide the first evidence of the presence of functional OTR in normal trophoblast cell lines as well as in choriocarcinoma cells and show that a specific effect of OT on normal and neoplastic trophoblast is to promote cellular proliferation.
Integrated human papillomavirus type 16 and loss of heterozygosity at 11q22 and 18q21 in an oral carcinoma and its derivative cell line. (1995)

A human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 containing oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line 93VU147T at early passage was demonstrated to match its primary tumor with regard to HPV status and loss of heterozygosity at loci potentially involved in HPV-mediated carcinogenesis. DNA in situ hybridization of the cell line and the primary tumor revealed the presence of HPV 16 DNA clonally associated with the neoplastic cells. One- and two-dimensional Southern blot hybridization suggested HPV 16 to be integrated in the host genome at over hundred copies/cell. An identical restriction enzyme profile was observed for the tumor and the cell line. Viral DNA integration was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization on metaphase spreads of the cell line, which revealed six stained loci comprising one at 15q14-15 and five at cytogenetically unidentifiable chromosomes. In addition, the tumor and the cell line displayed mRNA expression of the E6/E7 region encoding the viral oncoproteins, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR. Northern blot analysis of the cell line revealed three major and three minor transcripts harboring E6/E7 sequences. Both the primary tumor and cell line showed loss of heterozygosity at the 11q22 (D11S35) and 18q21 (DCC) loci. These data support a role for HPV 16 in the development of a subset of oral cancers, presumably in concert with loss of function of tumor suppressor genes at 11q and 18q.
Conversion rates of aldicarb and its oxidation products in soils. I. Aldicarb sulphone (1978)

Abstract The rate of loss of aldicarb sulphone was studied in incubation experiments on soils from four plough layers and two deeper layers. In all instances the loss could be described by first‐order kinetics in the first period of two to three times half‐life. However, in a clay loam soil and a greenhouse soil a faster degradation rate was observed after the first 56 and 112 days of incubation respectively. The half‐lives of sulphone in plough layer soils at 15°C ranged from 18 days in a clay loam to 154 days in a peaty sand. Conversion in deeper layers was considerably slower than in the corresponding top layers of the soil profile. In a silty layer at 70 to 90 cm depth the half‐life at 15°C was 46 days, whereas in a sand layer at 90–110 cm no clear loss was found during the 294 days of incubation.
Micropapillary bladder cancer (2007)

Micropapillary bladder cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. Intravesical therapy appears to be ineffective in this disease and patients with surgically resectable disease should be offered early radical cystectomy.
Nutritional Benefits of Phytase and Dietary Determinants of its Efficacy (2000)

Abstract Lei, X.G. and Stahl, C.H. 2000. Nutritional benefits of phytase and dietary determinants of its efficacy. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 17: 97–112. Over 60% of the total P in cereal grains and oil seeds and their by-products is found as phytate, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate. Phytases are a group of enzymes that initiate the phosphate hydrolysis from phytate and produce myo-inositol and inorganic phosphate by catalyzing the stepwise removal of the phosphate groups. Microbial phytases effectively improve dietary phytate-P utilization and may partially or completely replace inorganic P supplementation in swine and poultry diets. Replacing inorganic P with phytase in these diets can reduce P excretion by up to 50% and, enhance bioavailabilities of Ca, Zn and Fe. The improvement in nitrogen retention and protein and amino acid utilization by dietary phytase supplementation is relatively small and highly variable. The efficacy of supplemental phytase is affected by at least three dietary factors: Ca:P ratio, cholecalciferol and organic adds.
Delineation of the centromeric and telomeric chromosome segment 11p15.5 lung cancer suppressor regions LOH11A and LOH11B (1997)

We have reported frequent allele loss for two separate regions identified by the markers D11S12 and HRAS on chromosome 11p15.5. D11S12 allele loss was associated with tumor stage and type and HRAS allele loss with cigarette consumption, sex, and survival. To positionally clone the putative tumor suppressor genes located in these regions, we here report a reduction in the size of these intervals to approximately 250 kb. The markers used, ordered from centromere to telomere, were D11S932 -D11S1331-D11S1760-D11S1323-D11S4891 (HBB)-D11S1758-D11S12-D11S988-D11S860-D11S131 8-TH-HRAS-D11S1363-D11S2071. We analyzed 44 tissue pairs from patients with primary lung cancer. The smallest common regions of allele loss were located between D11S1758 and D11S12 in the centromeric region of chromosome segment 11p15.5 (region of LOH on chromosome 11 in lung cancer, LOH11A) and between HRAS and D11S1363 in the telomeric region (region of LOH on chromosome 11 in lung cancer, LOH11B). Loss of heterozygosity was observed in 24/39 (62%) primary lung cancers informative for LOH11A and in 17/34 (50%) informative for LOH11B. The pattern of allele loss strongly suggests that two lung cancer suppressor genes are located on chromosome segment 11p15.5, one between D11S1758 and D11S12 and the other between HRAS and D11S1363. The estimated physical size of each of these regions is 250 kb.
Effective treatment of female androgenic alopecia with dutasteride. (2005)

Dihydrotestosterone is the main molecule responsible for androgenic alopecia. Finasteride, which reduces transformation of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone and decreases dihydrotestosterone activity, is approved for treatment of androgenic alopecia in men. We describe the case of a 46-year-old woman with androgenic alopecia, non-responsive to minoxidil, who initially benefited from finasteride. Due to only limited improvement after finasteride and persisting profound psychological distress resulting from androgenic alopecia, another 5-reductase inhibitor, dutasteride, was introduced. Clinical evaluation and trichogram were applied for assessment of dutasteride efficacy in this patient. Additionally, mean hair diameter was monitored by means of computer dermoscopy. After 6 months of therapy, significant improvement was observed and after 9 months the clinical diagnosis of androgenic alopecia could no longer be made in this patient. No side effects were observed. In conclusion, theoretical data and our experience in this case show that dutasteride might develop into a true alternative in treatment of androgenic alopecia.
Understanding the Origins of Weak Cryptographic Algorithms Used for Signing Android Apps (2018)

Android applications are digitally signed using developers' signing keys. As each key is associated with a developer, it can be used to establish trust between applications published by the author (that is, apps signed with the same key are allowed to update themselves if package names are identical, or access each other's resources). However, if a digital signature is generated using a weak algorithm such as MD5, then apps signed with the corresponding key are exposed to several risks (such as hijacking apps with fake updates or granting permissions to a malicious app). In this work, we analyze several Android apps to identify the threats caused using weak algorithms. Our study uncovered the following findings: Of the more than one million apps collected from Google Play, 223 and 52,866 were digitally signed using the weak algorithms of 512-bit RSA key and MD5, respectively. We identified the causal mechanisms of generating certificates that employ weak algorithms, and that they can be attributed to app-building frameworks and online app-building services. Based on these findings, we provide guidelines for stakeholders of the Android app distribution ecosystem.
Time-Frequency Quantile-Based Noise Estimation (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
The impacts of control gate voltage on the cycling endurance of split gate flash memory (2000)

In this paper, the "erase" degradation in program/erase (P/E) cycling endurance of split-gate flash memory has been investigated. It is found that increasing the control-gate (CG) voltage (V/sub CG/) during erasing can slow down the "window closure" of cycling endurance since a higher V/sub CG/ can "push" the FG potential into gradual part of I/sub Read-out/-V/sub FG/ curve and in turn reduce the read-out current degradation. Moreover, the experimental results show that scaling down the gate oxide thickness under FG can effectively reduce the I/sub Read-out/ degradation in the cycling endurance test.
Information geometric measurements of generalisation (1995)

Neural networks can be regarded as statistical models, and can be analysed in a Bayesian framework. Generalisation is measured by the performance on independent test data drawn from the same distribution as the training data. Such performance can be quantified by the posterior average of the information divergence between the true and the model distributions. Averaging over the Bayesian posterior guarantees internal coherence; Using information divergence guarantees invariance with respect to representation. The theory generalises the least mean squares theory for linear Gaussian models to general problems of statistical estimation. The main results are: (1) the ideal optimal estimate is always given by average over the posterior; (2) the optimal estimate within a computational model is given by the projection of the ideal estimate to the model. This incidentally shows some currently popular methods dealing with hyperpriors are in general unnecessary and misleading. The extension of in...
Modeling familial Alzheimer's disease with induced pluripotent stem cells (2011)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia, characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive disturbance. Mutations of presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) are causative factors for autosomal-dominant early-onset familial AD (FAD). Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can be used to model human disorders and provide novel opportunities to study cellular mechanisms and establish therapeutic strategies against various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Here we generate iPSCs from fibroblasts of FAD patients with mutations in PS1 (A246E) and PS2 (N141I), and characterize the differentiation of these cells into neurons. We find that FAD-iPSC-derived differentiated neurons have increased amyloid β42 secretion, recapitulating the molecular pathogenesis of mutant presenilins. Furthermore, secretion of amyloid β42 from these neurons sharply responds to γ-secretase inhibitors and modulators, indicating the potential for identification and validation of candidate drugs. Our findings demonstrate that the FAD-iPSC-derived neuron is a valid model of AD and provides an innovative strategy for the study of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
An improved method of parameter estimation for an application having high reliability (2003)

The author presents an improved method for estimating the parameters in the Weibull distribution with three parameters which is widely used in connection with high-reliability applications. Parameter estimation based on the optimum method of penalty function and direct searching is introduced, and a linear correlation coefficient of coordinate variables on modified probability paper is proposed as an objective function. The Monte Carlo test is conducted to evaluate the efficiency of this method. A general computer program is designed for this application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
COM and .NET Interoperability (2002)

COM and .NET Interoperability provides a complete overview of the process of building .NET applications that interact (interoperate) with existing COM code. Before digging into that critical topic, au
Bismuth Subsalicylate: History, Chemistry, and Safety (1990)

Pepto-Bismol, which contains bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) as the active ingredient, has been marketed in the United States for more than 80 years. In the gastrointestinal tract, BSS is converted to salicylic acid and insoluble bismuth salts. The salicylate portion of BSS is extensively absorbed (greater than 90%) and excreted in urine. The maximal daily dose of Pepto-Bismol (4.2 g of BSS) results in peak concentrations of salicylate in plasma considerably below the level of salicylate toxicity. In contrast, little bismuth from BSS is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (less than .005%). Extended dosing of Pepto-Bismol (3.14 g of BSS/d) for up to 6 weeks produced a mean concentration of bismuth in blood of 16.1 +/- 7.9 ng/g, considerably below concentrations in blood that have been reported to cause neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity studies in animals and human safety data indicate that Pepto-Bismol can be used safely for its acute indications and for up to 3-4 weeks of extended dosing.
Indole acetic acid and phytase activity produced by rhizosphere bacilli as affected by pH and metals (2011)

The abilities to produce indole acetic acid (IAA) and mineralize organic phosphorus by phytase are desirable traits in plant−growth promotion rhizobacteria (PGPR) particularly in Chilean Andisols which are characterized by low pH and high total P. However, little is known about the influence of soil properties that are specific to Andisol (low pH and metal toxicity) on the effectiveness of PGPR. Here, we assessed the effect of pH and metal cations on IAA and phytase activity of cell-associated proteins produced by two bacilli strains isolated from the rhizosphere of pasture plants. The production in vivo of IAA by Paenibacillus sp. SPT−03 was significantly increased (7−fold) when incubated in tenfold diluted culture medium, compared to the full–strength medium. At low pH (pH<5), phytase activity of cell−associated proteins and IAA production of Bacillus sp. MQH−19 was decreased, whereas they were increased in Paenibacillus sp. SPT−03. Moreover, phytase activity in vitro of cell−associated proteins and IAA production in both bacilli strains were significantly inhibited by 30−100% and 44−70% by concentrations of 10 mM and 350 μM Fe3+ and Al3+, respectively. At 350 μM Mn2+ IAA production was inhibited by 30−100% in both strains but there was no effect on phytase activity. This study shows that certain properties of Andisol may differentially affect some mechanisms related with PGPR efficiency.
Massively parallel processing implementation of the toroidal neural networks (2002)

The toroidal neural networks (TNN), recently introduced, are derived from discrete time cellular neural network (DT-CNN) and are characterized by an appealing mathematical description which allows the development of an exact learning algorithm. In this work, after reviewing the underlying theory, we describe the implementation of TNN on the APE100/Quadrics massively parallel system and, through an efficiency figure, we show that such type of synchronous SIMD systems are very well suited to support the TNN (and DT-CNN) computational paradigm.
Precision Machining of Electroless Nickel Mandrel and Fabrication of Replicated Mirrors for a Soft X-Ray Microscope (2006)

A Wolter type I aspheric mirror which is a key optical element used in a soft X-ray microscope requires super smooth surface and highly accurate figure. This paper deals with fabrication of the Wolter type I microscope mirror by an epoxy replication method. The required figure accuracy of the mirror optimized with surface roughness of 2nm rms and photon energy of 539eV was estimated for a prototype soft X-ray microscope. A master mandrel was prepared by single-point diamond turning and polishing, and a precise aspheric gold mirror with axial symmetry was successfully obtained from the master mandrel through replication processes. The fabricated mirror showed surface roughness of 1.12nm Ra and figure error of 34nm rms, and several mirrors could be obtained from only one master mandrel without destroying its surface roughness and shape.
Three-Dimensional Vibrational Imaging of a Microcrystalline J-Aggregate Using Supercontinuum-Based Ultra-Broadband Multiplex Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy (2006)

Vibrational properties of a porphyrin J-aggregate microcrystal have been investigated by ultra-broadband multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy using a supercontinuum light source generated from a photonic crystal fiber. Owing to a strong resonance effect due to an excitonic transition, clear spectral and spatial profiles of the CARS signal have been successfully obtained. On the basis of the comparison between the CARS and the fluorescence images, the spatial dependence of the CARS signal can be explained by the spatial inhomogeneity of the excitonic transition energy in the single J-aggregate microcrystal.
Rapid identification and susceptibility testing using the VITEK 2 system using culture fluids from positive BacT/ALERT blood cultures. (2008)

These data suggest that VITEK 2 cards inoculated with samples taken directly from positive Bact/ALERT blood culture bottles would provide acceptable identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results for Gram-negative bacilli, but not for Gram-positive cocci. Compared to the standard method, the direct method would reduce turnaround time by at least 24 h.
Laser shockwave cleaning of EUV reticles (2007)

Particles on the surface of the EUV reticle can cause serious imaging errors during exposure. Laser shockwave cleaning is a novel cleaning method, that shows great potential to remove these particles, without destroying the delicate surface of the reticle. In an effort to assess the cleaning performance of this method, a number of cleaning experiments were performed on wafers contaminated with glass spheres. These experiments showed that with the current setup, it was possible to remove particles as small as 500 nm from the surface of the wafer, at gap distances of 0.5 and 1.0 mm. Furthermore, the transient behaviour of the shockwave was studied with laser flash shadowgraphy. This showed that the shockwave is initially elliptical in shape, and that it can be described by the Taylor and Sedov solution for a point explosion.