gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Some Lithium Chelatophosphates (2003)

Two new lithium chelatophosphates have been synthesized, purified, and characterized, lithium tris[3,4,5,6-tetrafluor-1,2-benzenediolato(2-)--phosphate(1-) and lithium tris[3-fluoro-1,2-benzenediolato(2-)--phosphate(1-). A precursor, the corresponding acid of lithium tris[3,4,5,6-tetrafluor-1,2-benzenediolato(2-)--phosphate(1-), presumably a super acid, shows a hexacoordinated phosphorous in X-ray analysis, when solvated by two diethyl ether molecules. The anodic oxidation limits of benzenechelatoborates and –phosphates are closely related to the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital from semiempirical quantum-mechanical calculations with the help of QuantumCache and MOPAC 2002, yielding © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Improved Characterization of Combat Injury (2010)

These new tools have been successfully implemented to describe combat injury, mortality, and distribution of wounds and associated injuries. AIS 2005-Military is a more precise assignment of severity to military injuries. SWM has brought data from all three combat registries together into one analyzable database. SWM and SWAT allow visualization of wounds and associated injuries by region on a 3D model of the body.
On hierarchical routing in doubling metrics (2005)

We study the problem of routing in doubling metrics, and show how to perform hierarchical routing in such metrics with small stretch and compact routing tables (i.e., with small amount of routing information stored at each vertex). We say that a metric (X, d) has doubling dimension dim(X) at most α if every set of diameter D can be covered by 2α sets of diameter D/2. (A doubling metric is one whose doubling dimension dim(X) is a constant.) We show how to perform (1 + τ)-stretch routing on metrics for any 0 0, we give algorithms to construct (1 + τ)-stretch spanners for a metric (X, d) with maximum degree at most (2 + 1/τ)O(dim(X)), matching the results of Das et al. for Euclidean metrics.
On causal inference in the presence of interference (2010)

Interference is said to be present when the exposure or treatment received by one individual may affect the outcomes of other individuals. Such interference can arise in settings in which the outcomes of the various individuals come about through social interactions. When interference is present, causal inference is rendered considerably more complex, and the literature on causal inference in the presence of interference has just recently begun to develop. In this article we summarise some of the concepts and results from the existing literature and extend that literature in considering new results for finite sample inference, new inverse probability weighting estimators in the presence of interference and new causal estimands of interest.
Phytase from Wheat Bran (1963)

myo-Inositol mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaphosphate were prepared by enzymic hydrolysis of myo-inositol hexaphosphate with a 1,500-fold purified phytase preparation from wheat bran and the subsequent Dowex 1 column chromatography. Relative initial rates of hydrolysis of these inositol phosphates by phytase were nearly the same each other and the activation energy of hydrolysis was about 11,000 cal. per mole for all these substrates. Km values did not vary widely with the substrates. The hydrolysis of inositol phosphates proceeded in a complicated way, except inositol monophosphate, where the reaction was of the first order. The enzyme hydrolyzed the substrates in the manner that removed phosphate group of them one by one. When mixed substrate was used the enzyme showed a preferential attack on the highest member of the phosphates present. From the mixed substrate test, it was concluded that wheat bran phytase is a single enzyme.
Analysis of the Prevention of Protein Adsorption by Steric Repulsion Theory (1995)

It is known that adsorption of proteins to surfaces can be prevented by modification of the surfaces with hydrophilic polymers. The grafted hydrophilic polymers are thought act by exerting steric repulsion against the adsorbing proteins. We have examined the prevention of fibrinogen and lysozyme adsorption by covalent grafting of Pluronics, which are triblock copolymers of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO), to hydrophobically modified glass surfaces. The adsorption of both proteins decreased to negligible levels as the surface concentration of the grafted Pluronic molecules increased. The decrease in protein adsorption by the grafted polymer chains was also theoretically examined by calculating the attractive and repulsive interaction energies between lysozyme and the surface by computer simulation. The calculation showed that the surface density of the grafted chains must be high enough to cover most of the surface to exert effective steric repulsion. This study suggests that one of the important factors in the surface modification by hydrophilic polymers is the surface concentration of the covalently grafted polymers.
Advances in osteoarthritis genetics (2013)

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is a highly debilitating disease of the joints and can lead to severe pain and disability. There is no cure for OA. Current treatments often fail to alleviate its symptoms leading to an increased demand for joint replacement surgery. Previous epidemiological and genetic research has established that OA is a multifactorial disease with both environmental and genetic components. Over the past 6 years, a candidate gene study and several genome-wide association scans (GWAS) in populations of Asian and European descent have collectively established 15 loci associated with knee or hip OA that have been replicated with genome-wide significance, shedding some light on the aetiogenesis of the disease. All OA associated variants to date are common in frequency and appear to confer moderate to small effect sizes. Some of the associated variants are found within or near genes with clear roles in OA pathogenesis, whereas others point to unsuspected, less characterised pathways. These studies have also provided further evidence in support of the existence of ethnic, sex, and joint specific effects in OA and have highlighted the importance of expanded and more homogeneous phenotype definitions in genetic studies of OA.
Genome-Wide Determination of a Broad ESRP-Regulated Posttranscriptional Network by High-Throughput Sequencing (2012)

Tissue-specific alternative splicing is achieved through the coordinated assembly of RNA binding proteins at specific sites to enhance or silence splicing at nearby splice sites. We used high-throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq) to investigate the complete spectrum of alternative splicing events that are regulated by the epithelium-specific splicing regulatory proteins ESRP1 and ESRP2. We also combined this analysis with direct RNA sequencing (DRS) to reveal ESRP-mediated regulation of alternative polyadenylation. To define binding motifs that mediate direct regulation of splicing and polyadenylation by ESRP, SELEX-Seq analysis was performed, coupling traditional SELEX with high-throughput sequencing. Identification and scoring of high-affinity ESRP1 binding motifs within ESRP target genes allowed the generation of RNA maps that define the position-dependent activity of the ESRPs in regulating cassette exons and alternative 3' ends. These extensive analyses provide a comprehensive picture of the functions of the ESRPs in an epithelial posttranscriptional gene expression program.
Usability evaluation of Web page design (1999)

Based on World Wide Web users' characteristics, a usability evaluation conceptual model for Web page design was proposed. The two dimensions of the model are usability evaluation methods and user's performance level. Based on the task characteristics on the World Wide Web and the usability components, a conceptual model for user's satisfaction was proposed. The three dimensions of the model are user's satisfaction, task type, and usability components. Three hypotheses were proposed to test the conceptual models and three experiments were conducted with a total 102 subjects to test the models. The dependent variables in experiments were the number of usability problems identified, performance time, error rate, and questionnaire score of Usability for Web Page Design, satisfaction scores, and number of item in shopping cart. The independent variables were the usability evaluation method, interface type, apparent usability, inherent usability, and task type. The results of the three experiments with regards to the hypothesis testing indicated the following: The hypothesis that heuristic evaluation method is more effective than user testing in identifying usability problems associated with rule-based level of performance was supported, and for the skill-based level it was suggestively significant. The hypothesis that user testing is more effective than heuristic evaluation method in identifying usability problems associated with knowledge-based level of performance was supported. The hypothesis that the questionnaire of usability evaluation for Web page design has similar reliability and validity as the other usability questionnaires was not supported. The hypothesis that in searching task inherent usability is the main factor contributes to user's satisfaction was supported. The hypothesis that in browsing task apparent usability is the main factor contributes to user's satisfaction was not supported. Inherent usability was the main factor contributed to user's satisfaction in both searching and browsing task. Apparent usability has a suggestively significant contribution to user's satisfaction.
Computer Room Water Protection (1990)

Water can enter computer rooms from numerous sources: air conditioners; roof, floor, and wall leaks; backed‐up floor drains; fire sprinklers; and so on. While insulated power and signal cables may not be affected by water, splices in such cables as well as computer components may be seriously affected. A wide range of water monitoring and signaling equipment is available for subfloor and ceiling installation to detect and warn of water problems.
Domain based testing: increasing test case reuse (2002)

Domain based testing (DBT) is a test generation method based on two concepts from software reuse, domain analysis and domain modeling. We applied DBT to command-based systems where the domain model represents the syntax and semantics of the command language. The domain model drives the generation of test cases. The test generation process consists of three stages: scripting; command template generation; and parameter value selection. Because it is based on ideas from software reuse, DBT also provides a good structure for test case reuse. Production use of the DBT tool Sleuth to generate system tests for an automated robot tape library confirms that DBT provides a wide variety of test case reuse scenarios.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
NUMERICAL THINNING: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO JAPANESE LARCH (1952)

A distinction is drawn between qualitative and quantitative, or numerical, methods of describing and specifying thinnings. It is urged that foresters should learn to use numerical specifications and should acquire the technique of thinning to any desired number of trees per acre. If the numbers of trees are plotted against height or age a thinning grade can be represented by a graph. A series of such graphs derived from comparable yield tables for Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) show that at a height of 70 feet Schwappach recommends the retention of more than three times as many trees to the acre as Moller does. Owing to its intolerance of lateral suppression, Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis Gord.) requires heavy and early thinning, and appropriate thinnings for this tree look quite unorthodox. Graphs representing published thinning grades for this tree are reproduced and a provisional thinning specification is presented for Dartington, South Devon, where the average quality class is superfirst of Hummel’s yield table.
Spin Lifetimes Exceeding 12 ns in Graphene Nonlocal Spin Valve Devices (2016)

We show spin lifetimes of 12.6 ns and spin diffusion lengths as long as 30.5 μm in single layer graphene nonlocal spin transport devices at room temperature. This is accomplished by the fabrication of Co/MgO-electrodes on a Si/SiO2 substrate and the subsequent dry transfer of a graphene-hBN-stack on top of this electrode structure where a large hBN flake is needed in order to diminish the ingress of solvents along the hBN-to-substrate interface. Interestingly, long spin lifetimes are observed despite the fact that both conductive scanning force microscopy and contact resistance measurements reveal the existence of conducting pinholes throughout the MgO spin injection/detection barriers. Compared to previous devices, we observe an enhancement of the spin lifetime in single layer graphene by a factor of 6. We demonstrate that the spin lifetime does not depend on the contact resistance area products when comparing all bottom-up devices indicating that spin absorption at the contacts is not the predominant source for spin dephasing.
Mechanism of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Steels in H2S (1980)

For four low alloy steels with a wide range of tensile strength, the dynamical processes of nucleation and propagation of SCC in H2S were traced with metallographic shadowing technique. Specimens were polished WOL type constant deflection ones. Results showed that if KI &gt; KISCC, the hydrogen induced delayed plasticity would certainly occur in the front of the crack tip and then the nucleation and propagation of SCC would follow, i.e., the size and deformation degree of the plastic zone in front of the crack was enlarged continuously with time. For ultra-high strength steels after the closure of the delayed plastic zones, the SCC were nucleated at their tips. These discontinuous cracks would grow and join one another with the progress of the delayed plasticity. For lower strength steels, the SCC propagated continuously along the border of delayed plastic/elastic region with the enlargement of the delayed plasticity. The variation of KISCC and da/dt in H2S and in water with the strength of steels were investigated.
Is interfacial silicon carbide necessary for the epitaxy of diamond on (100) silicon? (1997)

Communication: The heteroepitaxy of diamond is of considerable scientific and technological interest. The significant lattice mismatch between diamond and silicon and the relatively high surface energy of a non‐terminated (100) diamond plane have prompted speculation that diamond nucleates on an aligned cubic silicon carbide interfacial layer. In this paper spectral and microscopic studies show that while formation of interfacial amorphous carbon and silicon carbide must be avoided, nevertheless an interfacial SiC layer is intimately involved in localized heteroepitaxial growth on (100) silicon.
Mutations Modulating Raf Signaling in Drosophila Eye Development (1996)

The R7 fate is specified during Drosophila eye development by an inductive signal transduced intracellularly via the Raf kinase. We have performed a genetic screen for dominant mutations that alter the efficiency with which cells respond to a constitutively activated Raf kinase. Such mutations may affect genes involved in signal transduction downstream of Raf. We have isolated 44 mutations that define eight genes. One of these encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase homologue: another is a putative target gene of this signaling pathway. We present the results of this screen in detail, as well as a preliminary genetic analysis of the six loci still to be characterized molecularly.
Muscarine reduces inwardly rectifying potassium conductance in rat nucleus accumbens neurones. (1990)

1. Intracellular recordings were made from neurones in the nucleus accumbens in slices from the rat brain maintained in vitro. 2. Muscarine (1-100 microM) depolarized 101 of 107 neurones; this was associated with an increase in the input resistance. The potential change reversed polarity with conditioning hyperpolarization and the reversal potential was linearly related to the logarithm of the extracellular potassium concentration. 3. The depolarization caused by muscarine was not changed by tetrodotoxin (1 microM) or by a solution that contained lower levels of calcium (0.24 instead of 2.4 mM), higher levels of magnesium (5 instead of 1.2 mM) and cobalt (2 mM). 4. Muscarine caused an inward current and a decrease in slope conductance when applied to neurones voltage clamped near their resting potential (-82 mV). The current caused by muscarine reversed polarity at the potassium equilibrium potential. The current-voltage relation of the neurones between -60 and -120 mV was well fitted by assuming a voltage-independent potassium conductance and an inward rectifier potassium conductance; muscarine reduced predominantly the inward rectifier conductance. 5. Phorbol-12,13-diacetate (3 microM) and 5-hydroxytryptamine mimicked the action of muscarine. The inward currents caused by muscarine or 5-hydroxytryptamine were occluded by the inward current evoked by the phorbol ester. 6. The depolarization caused by muscarine was competitively antagonized by pirenzepine; the dissociation constant of 11 nM suggested involvement of the M1 receptor. 7. It is concluded that muscarine acts at M1 receptors to reduce the membrane potassium conductance and that activation of protein kinase C may be an intermediate step.
Industrial Applications of Maillard-Type Protein-Polysaccharide Conjugates. (2002)

This review summarizes the properties of Maillard-type protein-polysaccharide conjugates through naturally occurring reaction in a dry state from the viewpoint of the development of new industrial proteins. Maillard-type protein-polysaccharide conjugates showed excellent emulsifying properties superior to conventional commercial emulsifiers, heat stability, and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the conjugates can be useful for industrial applications as natural emulsifiers, antimicrobial agents devoid of toxicity. The possibility has also been proposed that conjugation of the allergen protein with polysaccharides may be effective to reduce the allergenicity. The molecular mechanism of the improvement of functional properties of proteins by attachment with polysaccharide was elucidated using the genetically glycosylated lysozyme constructed in the yeast expression system. The polymannosylation of lysozyme was effective in improving these functional properties, while oligomannosylation was not. Although single polyglycosylation of lysozyme was adequate to improve the functional properties, double polyglycosylation was even better.
Semantic keywords-based duplicated web pages removing (2008)

Because of many duplicated web pages existing on the web, search engines need to find and remove them, not only for saving process time and hardware resource, but also for ensuring that users can get the result information without many replicas. In this paper, we propose a method to find and remove duplicated Chinese Web pages for search engine. First we describe a scheme based on semantic keywords combined with sentence overlapping, and then show an implemented prototype, with the experimental results that suggest the prototype work well under a proper setting.
Adhesion in organic electronic structures (2009)

This paper presents the results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of the adhesion between materials relevant to organic solar cells and organic light-emitting devices. The adhesion is quantified using pull-off forces obtained for organic-organic, organic-inorganic, and inorganic-inorganic interfaces. The measured pull-off forces and surface parameters are then incorporated into theoretical models for the estimation of surface energies. The implications of the results are then discussed for the design of enhanced robustness in organic electronic structures.
Demonstration abstract: Crowdsourced indoor localization and navigation with anyplace (2014)

In this demonstration paper, we present the Anyplace system that relies on the abundance of sensory data on smartphones (e.g., WiFi signal strength and inertial measurements) to deliver reliable indoor geolocation information. Our system features two highly desirable properties, namely crowdsourcing and scalability. Anyplace implements a set of crowdsourcing-supportive mechanisms to handle the enormous amount of crowdsensed data, filter incorrect user contributions and exploit WiFi data from heterogeneous mobile devices. Moreover, Anyplace follows a big-data architecture for efficient and scalable storage and retrieval of localization and mapping data.
Secondary Emission from Polymers (1980)

The available data on secondary emission yields from electron bombarded polymers was reviewed to identify those features they have in common with metals and inorganic insulators. As in the case of the more widely studied materials it was found that when the yield δ obtained at a bombarding electron energy Eo, is divided by the maximum yield δm, and plotted versus Eo/Eom' most of the data falls within a small range, i.e. on a "universal" curve. At high energies the yield is given by a simple power function δ = KE-n with n = 0.725 for all the materials and K ranging from 1.55 for teflon to 0.68 for kapton if E is in KeV. The value of K is found to decrease as the complexity of the repeating unit in the polymer increases. This can be expressed quantitatively as K = 10.64 (N/M) - 3.15 where N/M is the ratio of the number of valence electrons to the gram molecular weight of a monomeric unit. We also find that δm/Eom averages 9.5 for the polymers which is very close to the value of 9.6 reported for inorganic insulators. Using the semiempirical model of secondary emission we find that the yield coefficient is given by K = 12.1Eom1.725. Consequently it is possible to estimate the yield curve over the full range of interest if any one of the parameters δm' Eom or K are known.
Complement Evasion by Bacteria and Parasites (1988)

INTRODUCTION ... ........ ... .. ....... .. 201 THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW ........ ..... 202 Cl Activation and Control .... .... ...... ........ 203 C3 Chemistry. .... .. ...... .. .... 203 Control of Alternative Pathway Activation. ....... ... .... 205 C3 Receptors ... ... ..... ..... .. 206 C5b-9 and Poly C9 Formation ... .... ........ . 206 Control Proteins .... .... .... .. .... 207 STRATEGIES OF COMPLEMENT EVASION .. .. ...... .... 208 Failure to Activate Complement .... ..... .... 208 Microbial Shedding of Molecules that Activate or Destroy Complement ..... ...... 2 1 1 Synthesis or Acquisition of Regulatory Molecules. .... .... .. 2 1 2 Blockade of Activation Before C5b-9 Formation ...... .... .. ..... 2 1 4 Formation of a Nonlytic C5b-9 Complex .... .... ... .. 2 16 Hypothetical Mechanisms for Complement Resistance a t the C5b-9 Step 2 1 9 Microbial Use of Complement Receptors t o Gain Access to Intracellular Locations .. ....... ..... ...... .. .. .... 219 CONCLUSIONS .... :. 221
Images in the Exploration for Oil and Gas (2001)

This chapter introduces some of the types of image data acquired during hydrocarbon exploration and production. This is followed first by a discussion of how these data are processed and integrated with each other and an analysis of data management issues. Finally, an overview of some of the most well-known interpretation and analysis systems is presented.