gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring Drillpipe Buckling Using Continuous Gyro Challenges Existing Theories (2009)

Abstract Drillpipe buckling affects the industry in many operational aspects, like motor sliding problems, liner running, or weight transfer for downhole equipment activation. The authors believed the existing nonrotating buckling theories applied in drilling software needed challenging by physically measuring buckling in a realistic setup of well geometry and drillstring sizes and comparing the results with the buckling theories. The tests were performed in a 2020 m measured depth (MD) research well, with a buildup and 60° tangent geometry (Aas 2008). Various configurations of a tapered string with 5- and 3½-in. drill-pipe as well as drill collars were used. The tests were performed without torque or rotation being applied to the drillstring. A novel approach was using a high accuracy continuous gyro to measure the string geometry changes (i.e., buckling) as function of axial load. Both downhole and topside tension devices were applied to measure weight transfer. Several data sets recording buckling and weight transfer were obtained. The gyro measurements of drillstring geometry changes clearly demonstrated the onset and type of drillstring buckling. Weight transfer was measured under the different buckling states and demonstrated that lockup occurs before reaching a helically buckled state. This might alter operational practice regarding the design of running strings. The results have been compared with predictions from standard buckling models. Necessary model enhancements are suggested. The work has potential to improve buckling and weight-transfer models. The potential outcome will be more accurate predictions for sinusoidal and helical buckling and their effects on weight transfer. Ultimately, this will lead to better decision making and understanding in drilling and completion operations.
Resin acid composition of pine oleoresins (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResin acid composition of pine oleoresinsN. Mason Joye Jr. and Ray V. LawrenceCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1967, 12, 2, 279–282Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60033a034https://doi.org/10.1021/je60033a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views555Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coronary Calcification: Effect of Small Variation of Scan Starting Position on Agatston, Volume, and Mass Scores (2007)

A small variation in scan starting position can substantially influence calcium measurements and poses an inherent limit to calcium scoring with contiguous 3-mm sections. Mass and volume scores are slightly less affected than are Agatston scores.
SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) quasi-elliptic filter based on LTCC for 60-GHz application (2009)

This paper presents substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator and SIW quasi-elliptic filter with low insertion loss and high selectivity based on LTCC for 60-GHz application. The SIW cavity resonators with high Q factor are suggested and applied for the filter having low insertion loss and high selectivity, the resulting Q value and the resonance frequency are 224.5 and 60.371 GHz, respectively. In the filter design, the quasi-elliptic filter using positive and negative couplings is applied to get high selectivity, the positive and negative couplings are evaluated by the holes between resonators and the slots on ground planes, respectively. The proposed SIW quasi-elliptic filter exhibits an insertion loss 1.77 dB at 60.8 GHz and the return loss is better than 10.2 dB with a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 11 % (6.92 GHz). The measured insertion loss is lower and the selectivity is higher than those in previous works due to the effects of the high Q resonators and quasi-elliptic structure adapting the negative coupling. The overall size of the fabricated filter is 4.6 mm ×2.8 mm× 0.2 mm.
Multi-layer perspectives and spaces in SOA (2008)

This paper presents a multi-layered vision for Service Oriented Architectures and highlights outstanding research challenges in meeting this vision. In particular, we focus on business process and architecture modelling and give an overview of relevant Eclipse tooling for the SOA design space, while discussing missing pieces. We present how several SOA-related standards such as BPMN, BPEL, SCA and JBI can interoperate and introduce some cross-cutting monitoring concepts that are essential for achieving business flexibility.
Decentralized nonlinear model predictive control of multiple flying robots (2003)

In this paper, we present a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) for multiple autonomous helicopters in a complex environment. The NMPC provides a framework to solve optimal discrete control problems for a nonlinear system under state constraints and input saturation. Our approach combines stabilization of vehicle dynamics and decentralized trajectory generation, by including a potential function that reflects the state information of possibly moving obstacles or other vehicles to the cost function. We present various realistic scenarios which show that the integrated approach outperforms a hierarchical structure composed of a separate controller and a path planner based on the potential function method. The proposed approach is combined with an efficient numerical algorithm, which enables the real-time nonlinear model predictive control of multiple autonomous helicopters.
Bistable optical devices with laser diodes coupled to absorbers of narrow spectral bandwidth (1994)

An optical signal inverter was demonstrated with a combination of the following two effects: One is the decrease of the transmission of an Er-doped YAG crystal with increasing red shift of a laser diode resulting from an increase in the injection current, and the other is a negative nonlinear absorption in which the transmission decreases inversely with increasing laser intensity. Because a hysteresis characteristic exists in the relationship between the wavelength and the injection current of the laser diode, an optical bistability was observed in this system.
The Use of Metadata for the Rendering of Personalized Video Delivery. (1998)

Information personalization is increasingly viewed as an essential component of any front-end to a large information space. Personalization can achieve both customization of the presentation of information as well as tailoring of the content itself. In this paper we investigate techniques for personalizing information delivery based on metadata associated with diverse information units including video. We begin with a survey of approaches to information personalization and the requirements for this task. Subse- quently we present a characterization of the use of metadata to facilitate video information personalization.
G Protein‐Coupled Receptors and the G Protein Family (1998)

Abstract The sections in this article are: Structure of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors General Features Ligand‐Binding Domain G Protein‐Coupling Domain The Heterotrimeric G‐Protein Family General Features G Protein‐Regulatory Cycle Structural and Functional Relationships of Gα‐Subunit Gβγ Structure and Function Regulatory Mechanisms Mechanisms that Regulate Receptor Function G Protein‐Mediated Regulatory Mechanisms
IL-1<i>β</i>-induced Langerhans’ cell migration and TNF-<i>α</i>production in human skin: regulation by lactoferrin (2003)

In mice, the roles of cytokines in the initiation of epidermal Langerhans' cell (LC) migration are well documented; however, the mechanism of this response in humans is less well defined. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the contribution of interleukin (IL)-1beta to human epidermal LC migration and to define further the mechanisms of this response. We demonstrate here that homologous recombinant IL-1beta administered intradermally to healthy human volunteers provides a stimulus for LC migration, with significant (P < 0.01) reductions in LC densities being observed at both 2 h and 4 h following treatment. At the later time-point of 4 h, injection of IL-1beta was also accompanied by activation of those LC remaining in the epidermis. Analysis of fluid aspirated from suction blisters formed at injection sites revealed significant (P < 0.01) tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production (2.99 +/- 1.18 pg TNF-alpha/mg protein; mean +/- s.d. of n = 10) in response to IL-1beta treatment compared with saline control injections (0.90 +/- 1.05 pg TNF-alpha/mg protein). Prior topical application of human recombinant lactoferrin (LF), an iron-binding protein found in exocrine secretions and skin, inhibited IL-1beta-mediated LC migration and also compromised the production of TNF-alpha protein as measured in suction blister fluids derived from each of the treatment sites. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IL-1beta is associated with both the stimulation of human epidermal LC migration and local TNF-alpha production. Topical treatment with LF compromises both these responses. These data suggest that topical LF may potentially represent a novel therapeutic in the treatment of skin inflammation where TNF-alpha is an important mediator.
Human-like planning of swerve maneuvers for autonomous vehicles (2016)

In this paper, we develop a motion planner for on-road autonomous swerve maneuvers that is capable of learning passengers' individual driving styles. It uses a hybrid planning approach that combines sampling-based graph search and vehicle model-based evaluation to obtain a smooth trajectory plan. To automate the parameter tuning process, as well as to reflect individual driving styles, we further adapt inverse reinforcement learning techniques to distill human driving patterns from maneuver demonstrations collected from different individuals. We found that the proposed swerve planner and its learning routine can approximate a good variety of maneuver demonstrations. However, due to the underlying stochastic nature of human driving, more data are needed in order to obtain a more generative swerve model.
New Continuous-Time Multibit Sigma–Delta Modulators With Low Sensitivity to Clock Jitter (2009)

In this paper, new continuous-time sigma-delta modulators (SDMs) are proposed where the output of a multibit (MB) quantizer is digitally converted to a single-bit pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) signal at a higher rate. The PWM signal is then fed back to the input through a finite-impulse-response digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The proposed modulators are shown to be less sensitive to clock jitter than their equivalent MB SDM, while their amplifiers have similar speed and power requirements. Furthermore, the proposed modulators do not require dynamic-element-matching techniques in the feedback path because a mismatch of the unit elements in the MB DAC does not produce distortion nor increases the noise floor in the signal band.
Preparation of Genomic <scp>DNA</scp> from Mammalian Tissue (1998)

There are a number of different procedures for the preparation of genomic DNA. They all start with some form of cell lysis, followed by deproteination and recovery of DNA. The main differences between various approaches lie in the extent of deproteination and in molecular weight of the DNA produced. The isolation procedure described here is relatively brief and relies on the powerful proteolytic activity of proteinase K combined with the denaturing ability of the ionic detergent SDS.
Therapeutic Effects of Ribavirin Given by the Intraperitoneal or Aerosol Route Against Influenza Virus Infections in Mice (1976)

Ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is an effective antiviral agent against type A influenza infection of mice. Therapy was most effective when administered as a small-particle aerosol early in the infection. Treatment was also effective by either the intraperitoneal or aerosol route in mice with histological evidence of pneumonia. Ribavirin increased the percent survival, lowered lung virus titers, and decreased the development of lung pathology when therapy was initiated at 6 h as a small-particle aerosol. There was no evidence of pulmonary toxicity or immunosuppressive effects.
Instrumentation and measurement for coal and biomass fired power plant optimization (2013)

Despite the growing deployment of other energy sources, coal and biomass use is increasing worldwide to meet the rising global demand for electricity. Global fluctuations in coal price and logistic uncertainties in coal supply mean that many power stations are burning a diverse range of coals (indigenous and imported) and the type and quality of coal being fired at any moment is often unknown for various practical reasons. Although biomass can be used to generate energy in different ways, co-firing with coal at existing power stations or 100% biomass firing at converted or new power stations remains a practical option available to power plant operators, and is widely adopted as one of the main technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power generation. Biomass originates from a diverse range of sources in a wide variety of forms. In general, biomass has a higher moisture content and higher volatile matter than coal, but its density and calorific value are lower than coal. The inherent differences between biomass and coal and the unknown changes in the type and quality of coals and fluctuations in electricity demand have posed significant challenges to the power generation industry. Instrumentation and measurement techniques have an important part to play in tackling these challenges.
The actions of nitric oxide donors in the prevention or induction of injury to the rat gastric mucosa (1993)

1. The protective or damaging actions on the gastric mucosa, of locally infused nitrovasodilators that donate nitric oxide (NO), have been investigated in the pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rat. 2. Local intra-arterial infusion of endothelin-1 (ET-1; 5 pmol kg-1 min-1 for 10 min) induced extensive, macroscopically apparent, haemorrhagic injury to the rat gastric mucosa. This damage was dose-dependently reduced by concurrent local intra-arterial infusion of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; 10-40 micrograms kg-1 min-1) which liberates NO on metabolic transformation, or the nitrosothiol, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP, 2.5-10 micrograms kg-1 min-1) which spontaneously liberates NO. 3. Local infusion of higher doses of SNAP (20 and 40 micrograms kg-1 min-1, i.a.) did not, however, significantly protect against mucosal injury induced by ET-1. 4. Furthermore, local infusion alone of these higher doses of SNAP, as well as sodium nitroprusside (10-40 micrograms kg-1 min-1, i.a.) which also spontaneously liberates NO, induced significant mucosal injury, as assessed macroscopically and confirmed by histology. 5. Local infusion of these higher doses of SNAP and nitroprusside reduced systemic arterial blood pressure (BP), but this was not correlated with the extent of mucosal injury. 6. Furthermore, local infusion of GTN (10-40 micrograms kg-1 min-1, i.a.) alone, which also reduced BP, failed to induce gastric mucosal damage. 7. These findings suggest that exogenous NO can protect the rat gastric mucosa from damage induced by the vasoconstrictor peptide ET-1, which may reflect local microcirculatory interactions. However, the unregulated release of high levels of NO within the microvasculature induces mucosal injury.
33. Perfluoroalkyl derivatives of sulphur. Part IV. Perfluoroalkanesulphonic acids (1956)

T. Gramstad and R. N. Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 173 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560000173
Growth Hormone Promotes Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Induced Ca<sup>2+</sup>Release in Insulin-Secreting Cells by Ryanodine Receptor Tyrosine Phosphorylation (2004)

Elevation in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a common mechanism in signaling events. An increased [Ca2+]i induced by GH, has been observed in relation to different cellular events. Little is known about the mechanism underlying the GH effect on Ca2+ handling. We have studied the molecular mechanisms underlying GH-induced rise in [Ca2+]i in BRIN-BD11 insulin-secreting cells. GH (500 ng/ml, 22 nm) induced a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i. The effect of GH on [Ca2+]i was prevented in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and was inhibited by the ATP-sensitive K(+)-channel opener diazoxide and the voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channel inhibitor nifedipine. However, GH failed to induce any changes in Ca2+ current and membrane potential, evaluated by patch-clamp recordings and by using voltage-sensitive dyes. When the intracellular Ca2+ pools had been depleted using the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, the effect of GH was inhibited. In addition, GH-stimulated rise in [Ca2+]i was completely abolished by ruthenium red, an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport, and caffeine. GH induced tyrosine phosphorylation of ryanodine receptors. The effect of GH on [Ca2+]i was completely blocked by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and lavendustin A. Interestingly, treatment of the cells with GH significantly enhanced K(+)-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. Hence, GH-stimulated rise in [Ca2+]i is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and is mediated by Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release. This process is mediated by tyrosine phosphorylation of ryanodine receptors and may play a crucial role in physiological Ca2+ handling in insulin-secreting cells.
<i>NTRK</i> fusion oncogenes in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma in northeast United States (2016)

Fusion oncogene PTC presents with more extensive disease and aggressive pathology than BRAF(V) (600E) PTC in the pediatric population. The high prevalence of the NTRK1/NTRK3 fusion oncogene PTCs in the United States is unusual and needs further investigation.
Current Imaging and Electromigration-Induced Splitting of GaN Nanowires As Revealed by Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (2010)

Current images of electromigration-induced common vapor-liquid-solid-grown GaN nanowires were obtained using a conductive atomic force microscope. Structural characterization indicated that these wurtzite (ZW) [0110] nanowires contained longitudinal zinc blende (ZB) defects as stacking faults. The current was attributed to tunneling current through the Schottky barrier between the AFM tip and a nanowire, which was dominated by the local nanowire surface work function. Due to the electromigration induced by large current densities around the defects, the axial splitting process of the nanowires was directly observed under continuous current scanning. The electromigration was likely enhanced by non-uniformly distributed electrostatic pressure around the axial ZW/ZB domain interfaces.
Defining Biosolids Stability (1997)

The test methods, criteria, and approaches used for stability assessment of biosolids produced by composting, alkaline stabilization, heat drying, and digestion technologies have been reviewed in a recently completed study sponsored by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF), and are summarized in this paper. It was concluded that no one method is suitable for assessing stability for all types of biosolids. Stability assessment depends on the process used to manufacture the product, and intended use of the biosolids. A matrix based on use and technology was developed as an approach for biosolids stability assessment. A table was presented that summarizes the current state of practice. Tests were recommended as the most useful methods of stability assessment, at the present time, for each of the stabilization technologies examined. While there is an increasing recognition of the importance of stability assessment for beneficial use of biosolids, there is a lag in the practical use of stability assessment. Research needs were presented for further implementation of biosolids stability assessment.
Candida albicans hyphae have a Spitzenkorper that is distinct from the polarisome found in yeast and pseudohyphae (2005)

Fungi grow with a variety of morphologies: oval yeast cells, chains of elongated cells called pseudohyphae and long, narrow, tube-like filaments called hyphae. In filamentous fungi, hyphal growth is strongly polarised to the tip and is mediated by the Spitzenkörper, which acts as a supply centre to concentrate the delivery of secretory vesicles to the tip. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, polarised growth is mediated by the polarisome, a surface cap of proteins that nucleates the formation of actin cables delivering secretory vesicles to the growing tip. The human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, can grow in all three morphological forms. Here we show the presence of a Spitzenkörper at the tip of C. albicans hyphae as a ball-like localisation of secretory vesicles, together with the formin Bni1 and Mlc1, an ortholog of an S. cerevisiae myosin regulatory light chain. In contrast, in C. albicans yeast cells, pseudohyphae and hyphae Spa2 and Bud6, orthologs of S. cerevisiae polarisome components, as well as the master morphology regulator Cdc42, localise predominantly, but not exclusively, to a surface cap resembling the polarisome of S. cerevisiae yeast cells. A small amount of Cdc42 also localises to the Spitzenkörper. Furthermore, we show differences in the genetic and cytoskeletal requirements, and cell cycle dynamics of polarity determinants in yeast, pseudohyphae and hyphae. These results, together with the cytological differences between the cell types, suggest that the Spitzenkörper and polarisome are distinct structures, that the polarisome and Spitzenkörper coexist in hyphae, and that polarised growth in hyphae is driven by a fundamentally different mechanism to that in yeast and pseudohyphae.