gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Secondary to Dermatiaceous Fungi—<i>Curvularia Lunata</i> and <i>Alternaria</i> (1990)

Allergic fungal sinusitis is a newly recognized entity consisting of a pansinusitis with allergic mucinous infiltrates in all involved sinuses. The disease process itself is very different from all other types of rhinosinusitis. Pathophysiologically the disease is a combination of both IgE-mediated and antibody-antigen reactions to the specific fungal antigens. Here we present two cases of allergic fungal sinusitis--one caused by Curvularia lunata species (an ubiquitous soil fungi), another caused by Alternaria. Only one other case of allergic fungal sinusitis caused by curvularia in which extensive immunologic testing was done has appeared in the literature. No reports of alternaria causing allergic fungal sinusitis have appeared in the literature. Diagnostic criteria for allergic fungal sinusitis include radiologic evidence of pansinusitis in an atopic individual; findings at surgery of allergic mucin; positive fungal cultures; and specific immunologic testing, including both humoral and cellular arms of the immune system. Treatment options for allergic fungal sinusitis are discussed and include surgery alone, surgery and steroids, or steroids alone. The role of allergy immunotherapy injections remains to be defined. In general, fungal infections--and especially phaeohyphomycosis--are very rare, but appear to be increasing in frequency, especially in the paranasal sinus region.
Human Adult T-Cell Leukaemia Virus Is Distinct from a Similar Isolate of Japanese Monkeys (1984)

We have compared the structural polypeptides of an adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) virus (ATLV) isolate from a Japanese patient with ATL with those of a similar virus derived from a Japanese macaque monkey. Both are distinct but related entities. Their core polypeptides p19 could not be distinguished, but p24, another core polypeptide, and their envelope glycopolypeptides differ. The human virus directs the synthesis of a single intracellular glycopolypeptide, gp68, while the macaque virus specifies two such glycopolypeptides, gp57 and gp50. Furthermore, the glycopolypeptides of both viruses are serologically distinct. Thus, these viruses represent subtypes of the ATLV family and the macaque virus is apparently not involved in human ATL.
Central anandamide deficiency predicts stress-induced anxiety: behavioral reversal through endocannabinoid augmentation (2014)

Stress is a major risk factor for the development of mood and anxiety disorders; elucidation of novel approaches to mitigate the deleterious effects of stress could have broad clinical applications. Pharmacological augmentation of central endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) signaling may be an effective therapeutic strategy to mitigate the adverse behavioral and physiological consequences of stress. Here we show that acute foot-shock stress induces a transient anxiety state measured 24 h later using the light-dark box assay and novelty-induced hypophagia test. Acute pharmacological inhibition of the anandamide-degrading enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), reverses the stress-induced anxiety state in a cannabinoid receptor-dependent manner. FAAH inhibition does not significantly affect anxiety-like behaviors in non-stressed mice. Moreover, whole brain anandamide levels are reduced 24 h after acute foot-shock stress and are negatively correlated with anxiety-like behavioral measures in the light-dark box test. These data indicate that central anandamide levels predict acute stress-induced anxiety, and that reversal of stress-induced anandamide deficiency is a key mechanism subserving the therapeutic effects of FAAH inhibition. These studies provide further support that eCB-augmentation is a viable pharmacological strategy for the treatment of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
RNAs and ribonucleoproteins in recognition and catalysis (1994)

CONTENTS. 1. Did life begin with catalytic RNA? – 2. Self‐splicing and self‐cleaving RNAs – 2.1 Self‐splicing of group I introns – 2.2 Self‐splicing of group II introns – 2.3 Self‐cleaving RNAs – 3. Splicing mediated by trans‐acting factors – 3.1 Group III introns – 3.2 Splicing of nuclear pre‐mRNAs – 3.3 Trans‐ splicing – 3.4 Is nuclear pre‐mRNA splicing evolutionarily related to group I and group II self‐splicing?– 3.5 Non‐RNA mediated splicing of tRNAs – 4. Processing of ribosomal precursor RNAs – 5. Processing of pre‐mRNA 3′ ends – 5.1 Polyadenylation – 5.2 Histone pre‐mRNA 3′ processing – 6. Other RNPs involved in metabolic mechanisms – 6.1 5′ end processing of pre‐tRNAs by RNase P – 6.2 The signal recognition particle – 6.3 Telomerase – 6.4 RNA editing in trypanosomatid mitochondria – 7. Why RNA?
Detection of functional receptors for the proteinase-activated-receptor-2-activating polypeptide, SLIGRL-NH<sub>2</sub>, in rat vascular and gastric smooth muscle (1995)

We have studied the actions of the proteinase-activated-receptor-2 (PAR2)-activating polypeptide, SLIGRL-NH2 (SLI-NH2), in rat aorta and in gastric longitudinal muscle preparations. In the phenylephrine-precontracted aorta preparation, SLI-NH2 caused an endothelium-dependent relaxation that mimicked the action of low concentrations (0.5 U/mL) of trypsin and that was blocked by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. In endothelium-free aorta ring preparation, SLI-NH2 caused neither a relaxation nor a contraction. In the gastric longitudinal muscle preparation, SLI-NH2 caused a transient contraction that mimicked the action of trypsin (0.5 U/mL) and that was sensitive to inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (indomethacin) and tyrosine kinase (genistein). Further, using a reverse-transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach we detected, in both assay tissues, mRNA for the rat PAR2 receptor, and we ascertained, using a cloned receptor cDNA obtained from a rat intestinal cDNA library, that the putative N-terminal activating peptide sequence of the rat PAR2 receptor (SLIGRL) is identical with the one previously cloned from murine tissue. We concluded that, like the thrombin receptor, the PAR2 receptor may play a pathophysiologic role in the regulation of vascular and gastric smooth muscle contractility.
Interrater Reliability of Computer-Assisted Scoring of Breathing during Sleep (1989)

Twenty-six records of sleep and breathing obtained with a portable monitoring system from elderly subjects were scored by three raters with computer assistance to examine interrater reliability of scoring. Raters were a medical student, a nurse practitioner, and a family physician, all of whom had at least one month's experience with the equipment. Agreement among raters was measured with the unweighted kappa statistic. Significant agreement was observed for all variables, although agreement was better for variables describing breathing (range of kappa 0.71-0.87) than for those describing sleep (range of kappa 0.34-0.57). Complete agreement among the three raters on diagnostic classification occurred in 17 cases. In the remaining 9 cases, 2 raters agreed, whereas the third differed by not more than one category for type of disturbance (e.g., normal versus hypopnea, hypopnea versus apnea) or severity (e.g., mild versus moderate). There was only one disagreement among raters for the 9 subjects with severe respiratory disturbance. We conclude that interrater reliability of identifying and characterizing breathing disturbance during sleep as recorded by portable monitoring is high among trained raters using computer assistance.
The Application of the Rademacher&#8211;Walsh Transform to Boolean Function Classification and Threshold Logic Synthesis (1975)

Five operations are defined in the Rademacher-Walsh transform domain. It is shown that these operations allow Boolean functions to be classified in a very concise way. The result of applying this classification to Boolean functions of up to fourth order indicates that threshold functions play an important part in the composition of Boolean functions. A synthesis method is developed for the synthesis of any Boolean function using, as a basic element, an "optimized universal threshold logic gate." This gate overcomes the analog threshold tolerancing problems encountered in other threshold gate designs and is readily fabricated in an integrated circuit form. The use of this gate in logic design is expected to provide a considerable cost-saving over conventional methods.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 22MnB5 Steel with Different Cooling Method (2013)

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 22MnB5 Steel were analysis with different cooling method. The result show that the volume fraction of martensite in 22MnB5 is increased with the rising of cooling speed, the microstructure with air cooling is composed of ferrite and pealite, and the quenched microstructure is 100% martensite with metal die cooling and water cooling, tensile strength increased with the rising of cooling speed. The highest tensile strength is 1569.60MPa with elongation only 2.13% with water cooling method.
Experimental Yersinia pestis infection in rodents after intragastric inoculation and ingestion of bacteria (1982)

To clarify the pathogenesis of oral plague infection, we studied the susceptibility of three species of rodents to intragastric inoculation of Yersinia pestis, described the pathology and progression of infection, and measured antibody responses to fraction IA antigen of Y. pestis. The 50% lethal doses of bacteria by intragastric inoculation for Mus musculus, Zygodontomys pixuna, and Rattus rattus were log10 = 6.32, 5.46, and 9.62, respectively, which were at least 1,000-fold higher than the values obtained by subcutaneous inoculation. M. musculus was shown to be susceptible to lethal infection also when bacteria were ingested in drinking water. Microscopic pathology was consistent with heavy systemic infection. Quantitative cultures of tissues at different times after intragastric inoculation revealed that infections of blood, liver, and spleen preceded infections of Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. Stool cultures were negative. The strain of Y. pestis used for inoculation was killed when exposed to a buffered solution at pH less than or equal to 3. Antibody responses were observed in some of the surviving rodents after intragastric challenge. These results showed that Y. pestis was an effective oral pathogen that produced fatal systemic infections and self-limited infections with immunity but did not produce enteric pathology or lead to fecal excretion of bacteria.
Terahertz Radiation Source in Air Based on Bifilamentation of Femtosecond Laser Pulses (2007)

A new terahertz (THz) source in air based on the bifilamentation of femtosecond laser pulses is reported. This THz radiation is 1 order of magnitude more intense than the transition-Cherenkov THz emission from femtosecond laser filaments reported recently and shows different angular and polarization properties. We attribute it to the emission from a bimodal transmission line created by two plasma filaments.
SQUID operational amplifier (2001)

The nonlinear response of Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) has limited their usefulness. We describe the SQUID Operational Amplifier, which consists of several stages of SQUIDs with high open-loop current gain. When connected in a negative-feedback configuration by passing some of the output current through a feedback coil connected to the first stage, the response is linearized. An analog of the semiconductor op-amp, the SQUID op-amp can be used in superconducting equivalents of op-amp circuits such as current amplifiers, current-to-voltage converters, and differentiators. We present experimental results with a /spl times/10 current amplifier as well as a 750 /spl Omega/ current-to-voltage amplifier which can couple directly to a room-temperature amplifier without a transformer or a feedback line.
Fine-structure mapping of cis-acting control sites in the lysC operon of Bacillus subtilis (1992)

Mutations at the aet'A locus t~f Bacilitt.~ ~ subtilL~ lead to derepression of the lys(" operon, which encodes aspartokinase I!, and analysis of three independent aerA mutations has shown them to be nucleotide substitutions in the /ys(" leader region (Y. Lu, N.Y. Chen and H. Paulus (It;91) J. Gen. Microbiol. 137, 1135Microbiol. 137, -1141)). DNA sequence analysis of the iysC control region of nine other mutants with derepressed levels of aspa:tokinase 11 revealed each of the mutations to be associated with changes in one or a few nucleotidc residues. The nucleotide substitutions were clustered at two sites in the lysC leader: in a region of imperfect dyad symmetry about 40 base l~airs from the transcription start site, and in the open reading frame for a putative leader peptide, which starts about 40 residues further downstream. The effect
DNA rehybridization during PCR: the 'Cot effect' and its consequences (1996)

The rate of amplification of abundant PCR products generally declines faster than that of less abundant products in the same tube in the later cycles of PCR. As a consequence, differences in product abundance diminish as the number of PCR cycles increases. Rehybridization of PCR products which may interfere with primer binding or extension can explain this significant feature in late cycles. Rehybridization occurs with a half-time dependent on the reciprocal of the DNA concentration. Thus, if multiple PCR products are amplified in the same tube, reannealing occurs faster for the more abundant PCR products. In RT-PCR using an internal control, this results in a systematic bias against the more abundant of the two PCR products. In RNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed PCR (or differentially display of cDNAs), very large or absolute differences in the expression of a transcript between samples are preserved but smaller real differences may be gradually erased as the PCR reaction proceeds. Thus, this 'Cot effect' may systematically cause an underestimate of the true difference in starting template concentrations. However, differences in starting template concentrations will be better preserved in the less abundant PCR products. Furthermore, the slow down in amplification of abundant products will allow these rarer products to become more visible in the fingerprint which may, in turn, allow rarer cDNAs to be sampled more efficiently. In some applications, where the object is to stochiometrically amplify a mixture of nucleic acids, the bias against abundant PCR products can be partly overcome by limiting the number of PCR cycles and, thus, the concentration of the products. In other cases, abundance normalization at later cycles may be useful, such as in the production of normalized libraries.
Synthesis of diazoluminomelanin (DALM) in HL‐60 cells for possible use as a cellular‐level microwave dosimeter (1994)

Chemical and bacterial synthesis of a thermochemiluminescent polymer known as diazoluminomelanin (DALM) has been previously reported. This paper focuses on the intracellular synthesis of aminomelanin (AM) in mammalian cell lines and subsequent DALM synthesis from this core molecule. B16 melanoma cells, HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells, and RAW 264.7 macrophages show AM and DALM production. Macroscopic image analysis of HL-60 cell lysates containing DALM using the Quantitative Luminescence Imaging System (QLIS) showed increased chemiluminescence (CL) with increased microwave power input and increased temperature. This work represents a first step toward the goal of microscopic radiofrequency dosimetry of individual DALM-loaded cells using image analysis.
Risk and Economic Estimation of Inspection Policy of Periodically Tested Repairable Components (2005)

This report presents a model to identify the optimal time between surveillance tests and overhaul frequency of components whose failures are detected upon inspection. The model is based on minimizing the total cost per unit time during the component renewal cycle. It considers the component availability assuming that the unit is "as old" after tests and repairs and "as new" after overhauls. The model takes into account costs associated with tests and maintenance, as well as potential losses related to unavailability. General conditions and a case study are discussed to evaluate the effect of costs, maintenance task durations, and the uncertainty of the reliability parameters on the optimal inspection policy of typical tested components. This report also discusses the advantage of the cost-based optimization versus the traditional approach based on maximal availability.
Fluid and electrolyte therapy in patients during and after surgery (1995)

The maintenance of proper fluid and electrolyte balance in the perioperative period requires a comprehensive understanding of both the quantity of fluid administration and the quality of solutions selected. Studies have demonstrated that improved outcome and recovery occur when proper hydration is maintained by intraoperative intravenous fluid administration. Currently, however, there is little information available concerning the maximum postoperative volume of fluid that can be safely administered to avoid adverse consequences such as systemic hypoperfusion or fluid overload. The avoidance of postoperative sequelae, including renal insufficiency and pulmonary edema, requires a thorough understanding of basic systemic physiology and the ability to evaluate existing pathophysiology using observational skills and careful monitoring assessment. This paper reviews recent literature on optimal fluid and electrolyte therapy in the perioperative period.
Impact of elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (2015)

The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels on the metabolic and endocrine phenotype in 583 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Endocrine and metabolic parameters were measured in all patients and compared between women with and without elevated TSH levels. Of the 583 women with PCOS, 125 women (21.4%) had thyroid disturbances (thyroid replacement therapy: 109 women, subclinical hypothyroidism: 16 women). Patients with elevated TSH levels had significantly increased fasting insulin, area under the curve-insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, and total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ratio and lower free thyroxin, insulin sensitivity and HDL (p < 0.05 for all). Euthyroid PCOS women with thyroid hormone substitution showed significant differences in TSH, age, body mass index, HDL and systolic blood pressure compared to those without hormone replacement therapy (p < 0.05 for all). We conclude that hypothyroid disturbances and elevated TSH levels are common findings in PCOS, which are associated with an adverse metabolic profile. Therefore, women with diagnosed PCOS should be screened for thyroid dysfunction.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone Inhibits Initiation of Primordial Follicle Growth in the Mouse Ovary (2002)

Recruitment of primordial follicles is essential for female fertility; however, the exact mechanisms regulating this process are largely unknown. Earlier studies using anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)-deficient mice suggested that AMH is involved in the regulation of primordial follicle recruitment. We tested this hypothesis in a neonatal ovary culture system, in which ovaries from 2-d-old C57Bl/6J mice were cultured for 2 or 4 d in the absence or presence of AMH. Ovaries from 2-d-old mice contain multiple primordial follicles, some naked oocytes, and no follicles at later stages of development. We observed that in the cultured ovaries, either nontreated or AMH-treated, follicular development progressed to the same extent as in in vivo ovaries of comparable age, confirming the validity of our culture system. However, in the presence of AMH, cultured ovaries contained 40% fewer growing follicles compared with control ovaries. A similar reduction was found after 4 d of culture. Consistent with these findings, we noted lower inhibin alpha-subunit expression in AMH-treated ovaries compared with untreated ovaries. In contrast, expression of AMH ligand type II receptor and the expression of oocyte markers growth and differentiation factor 9 and zona pellucida protein 3 were not influenced by AMH. Based on the results, we suggest that AMH inhibits initiation of primordial follicle growth and therefore functions as an inhibitory growth factor in the ovary during these early stages of folliculogenesis.
Slick: Secure Middleboxes using Shielded Execution (2017)

Cloud computing offers the economies of scale for computational resources with the ease of management, elasticity, and fault tolerance. To take advantage of these benefits, many enterprises are contemplating to outsource the middlebox processing services in the cloud. However, middleboxes that process confidential and private data cannot be securely deployed in the untrusted environment of the cloud. To securely outsource middleboxes to the cloud, the state-of-the-art systems advocate network processing over the encrypted traffic. Unfortunately, these systems support only restrictive middlebox functionalities, and incur prohibitively high overheads due to the complex computations involved over the encrypted traffic. This motivated the design of Slick --- a secure middlebox framework for deploying high-performance Network Functions (NFs) on untrusted commodity servers. Slick exposes a generic interface based on Click to design and implement a wide-range of NFs using its out-of-the box elements and C++ extensions. Slick leverages SCONE (a shielded execution framework based on Intel SGX) and DPDK to securely process confidential data at line rate. More specifically, Slick provides hardware-assisted memory protection, and configuration and attestation service for seamless and verifiable deployment of middleboxes. We have also added several new features for commonly required functionalities: new specialized Click elements for secure packet processing, secure shared memory packet transfer for NFs chaining, secure state persistence, an efficient on-NIC timer for SGX enclaves, and memory safety against DPDK-specific Iago attacks. Furthermore, we have implemented several SGX-specific optimizations in Slick. Our evaluation shows that Slick achieves near-native throughput and latency.
An Electronic Library Communications Format: A Definition and Development Proposal for MARC III (1990)

The Memex Research Institute has proposed a research project to describe in machine‐readable form all the information needed to create electronic “books” in a standard communications format. Two kinds of extended computer file formats employing the MARC structure will be defined: Access Formats that take into consideration the many existing index and abstract system formats and their associated databases; and Document Formats that provide for storage, representation, transmission, and display of machine‐readable works in text or image form. The formats that emerge can be employed by libraries, publishers, information utilities, and computer users worldwide to convert printed works to electronic forms or to create original works in electric format, and thus foment the creation of networked electronic library collections.