gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WhoTracks.Me: Monitoring the online tracking landscape at scale. (2018)

We present the largest and longest measurement of online tracking to date based on real users. The data, which is made publicly available, is generated from more than 780 million page loads over the course of the last 10 months. Previous attempts to measure the tracking ecosystem, are done via measurement platforms that do not interact with websites the same way a user does. We instrument a crowd-sourced measurement of third-parties across the web via users who consent to data collection via a browser extension. The collection is done with privacy-by-design in mind, and introduces no privacy side effects. This approach overcomes limitations of previous work by collecting real web usage across multiple countries, ISP and browser configurations, and on difficult to crawl pages, such as those behind logins, giving a more accurate portrayal of the online-tracking ecosystem. 
The data, which we plan to continue contributing to and maintain in the future, and WhoTracks.Me website - the living representation of the data, are available for researchers, regulators, journalists, web developers and users to detect tracking behaviours, analyse the tracking landscape, develop efficient tools, devise policies and raise awareness of the negative externalities tracking introduces. We believe this work provides the transparency needed to shine a light on a very opaque industry.
Synergistic cytotoxicity of irinotecan and cisplatin in dual-drug targeted polymeric nanoparticles (2012)

Aim: Two unexplored aspects for irinotecan and cisplatin (I&C) combination chemotherapy are: actively targeting both drugs to a specific diseased cell type, and delivering both drugs on the same vehicle to ensure their synchronized entry into the cell at a well-defined ratio. In this work, the authors report the use of targeted polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to coencapsulate and deliver I&C to cancer cells expressing the prostate-specific membrane antigen. Materials & methods: Targeted NPs were prepared in a single step by mixing four different precursors inside microfluidic devices. Results: I&C were encapsulated in 55-nm NPs and showed an eightfold increase in internalization by prostate-specific membrane antigen-expressing LNCaP cells compared with nontargeted NPs. NPs coencapsulating both drugs exhibited strong synergism in LNCaP cells with a combination index of 0.2. Conclusion: The strategy of coencapsulating both I&C in a single NP targeted to a specific cell type could potentially be used to treat different types of cancer.
Experimental acute pancreatitis in PAP/HIP knock-out mice (2007)

The anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions described in vitro for PAP/HIP have physiological relevance in the pancreas in vivo during caerulein-induced pancreatitis.
Exploiting an I/OMMU vulnerability (2010)

It is difficult to protect an operating system kernel in an efficient way. Attackers can corrupt or subvert it by two different means: (1) the CPU; (2) the Direct Memory Access (DMA) capability of I/O controllers. DMA-based attacks can be blocked using an I/OMMU. This component, embedded in most of current chipsets, enables the operating system to virtualize the main memory for I/O controllers and to restrict their access to only some memory regions. In this paper, we present different vulnerabilities we identified on Intel VT-d, which implements an I/OMMU. An example of exploitation of one of them is then detailed. Finally, we give some recommendations to prevent these vulnerabilities from being used for malicious purposes.
Psychosis from subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulator lesion effect (2013)

These cases describe a previously unreported post-DBS syndrome in which local tissue reaction to lead implantation produces psychosis even without electrical stimulation of subcortical circuits. The lesion effect also appears to have anti-Parkinsonian effects that may allow the safe use of otherwise contraindicated medications. These cases have implications for management of PD DBS patients postoperatively, and may also be relevant as DBS is further used in other brain regions to treat behavioral disorders.
Crystallization of lithium disilicate glass using variable frequency microwave processing (2007)

The lithium disilicate (LS2) glass system provides the basis for a large number of useful glass-ceramic products. Microwave processing of materials such as glass-ceramics offers unique benefits over conventional processing techniques. Variable frequency microwave (VFM) processing is an advanced processing technique developed to overcome the hot spot and the arcing problems in microwave processing. In general, two main questions are addressed in this dissertation: 1. How does microwave energy couple with a ceramic material to create heat? and, 2. Is there a "microwave effect" and if so what are the possible explanations for the existence of that effect? The results of the present study show that VFM processing was successfully used to crystallize LS2 glass at a frequency other than 2.45 GHz and without the aid of other forms of energy (hybrid heating). Crystallization of LS2 glass using VFM heating occurred in a significantly shorter time and at a lower temperature as compared to conventional heating. Furthermore, the crystallization mechanism of LS2 glass in VFM heating was not exactly the same as in conventional heating. Although LS2 crystal phase (Orthorhombic Ccc2) was developed in the VFM crystallized samples as well as in the conventionally crystallized samples as x-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed, the structural units of SiO4 tetrahedra (Q species) in the VFM crystallized samples were slightly different than the ones in conventionally crystallized samples as the Raman spectroscopy revealed. Moreover, the observed reduction in the crystallization time and apparent temperature in addition to the different crystallization mechanism observed in the VFM process both provided experimental evidence to support the presence of the microwave effect in the LS2 crystallization process. Also, the molecular orbital model was successfully used to predict the microwave absorption in LS2 glass and glass-ceramic. This model was consistent with experiments and indicated that microwave-material interactions were highly dependent on the structure of the material. Finally, a correlation between the Fourier transform infrared reflectance spectroscopy (FTIRRS) peak intensities and the volume fraction of crystals in partially crystallized LS2 glass samples was established.
Biocompatible surfaces based upon the phospholipid asymmetry of biomembranes (1993)

Conference Article| May 01 1993 Biocompatible surfaces based upon the phospholipid asymmetry of biomembranes D. Chapman D. Chapman 1Department of Protein and Molecular Biology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London NW3 2PF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1993) 21 (2): 258–262. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210258 Article history Received: December 16 1992 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D. Chapman; Biocompatible surfaces based upon the phospholipid asymmetry of biomembranes. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1993; 21 (2): 258–262. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210258 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: DPPC, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, PC, phosphatidylcholine, PVC, poly(vinyl chloride), TEG, thrombelastography This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Biochemical Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cellular cholesterol regulates MT1 MMP dependent activation of MMP 2 via MEK‐1 in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells (2004)

Unstimulated human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) constitutively secrete matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) as a proenzyme requiring proteolytic cleavage by membrane type-1 MMP (MT1 MMP) for activation. Physiological and pharmacological stimuli induce clustering of MT1 MMP/tissue inhibitor of MMP 2 "receptors", promoting binding and activation of MMP 2. We now report that cholesterol depleted HT1080 cells accumulated MT1 MMP on the cell surface and activated MMP 2. A specific inhibitor of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibited both MMP 2 activation and extracellular signal-related kinase phosphorylation induced by cholesterol depletion. Our data indicate that the cholesterol content of unstimulated cells is critical for secretion of MMP 2 as an inactive zymogen and control of pericellular proteolysis.
Cost-effective WDM optical interconnects enabled by quantum dot comb lasers (2010)

Quantum dot-based diode comb lasers can provide a single multi-channel-laser source for short-reach, high-speed WDM interconnects. In this paper, we review the technology and demonstrate for the first time a 15 channel, low RIN comb laser with 80 GHz channel spacing. We show that each of the Fabry-Perot (FP) modes can be externally modulated at 10 Gb/s or all modes directly modulated, at 3.2 Gb/s so far. The latter indicates that the comb laser may be an ideal broadband light source in WDM-PON applications. We further demonstrate that the whole comb laser spectrum can be amplified by a quantum dot SOA without increasing relative density noise (RIN) of the individual channels. The small signal amplification factor was measured up to 30dB and the saturated output power was as high as 15 dBm.
On the correlation of absorption cross-section with plasmonic color generation (2017)

Through numerical simulations, we investigate the correlation between the absorption cross-section and the color saturation of plasmonic nanostructures of varying density. Understanding this correlation, enables the prediction of an optimal nanostructure separation, or combinations of different nanostructure sizes for plasmonic color printing applications. Here, we use metal-insulator-metal (MIM) aluminum nanostructures that support gap-plasmons. Large absorption cross-sections were observed that exceed twelve times the physical cross-section of the nanostructure disks. We derive a set of equations to determine the optimal separation for a periodic array using the absorption cross-section of an individual structure to realize saturated colors. Using the optimum pitch and enabled by the large absorption cross-sections of our structures, we employ color mixing strategies to realize a wider color gamut. The simulated color gamut exceeds the sRGB gamut for some colors, and includes dark tones. Color mixing using structures with large absorption cross-sections is a practical approach to generate a broad range of colors, in comparison to fabricating structures with continuously varying sizes.
3-D Hall Sensor for use in Navigation Systems for Surgery Endovascular Interventions (2007)

This paper presents the design of a 3-D Hall sensor compatible with standard silicon IC technology. This magnetic Hall effect sensor is intended to be fitted at the tip of a catheter for use in a magnetic-based navigation system for endovascular interventions. Unfortunately, at the present the general feeling is that vector Hall sensors can not be used for clinical trials, mainly because of their large size and low sensitivity. Proposed 3-D silicon Hall sensor has denied suspicions with its advantages: simultaneous on line 3-D measurement of the magnetic field components; high spatial resolution 150 mum times 150 mum times 100 mum; the lowest detected magnetic induction of the three output channels is about 15-20 muT; magnetosensitivities of the three channels at a supply current 10 mA reach 360 muA/Tfor B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> and B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> , 250 muA/Tfor B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</sub> , respectively.
Substituent effects on the rate of formation of azomethine ylides. A computational investigation (2011)

The effect of substituents on the rate of conrotatory thermal cleavage of aziridine has been studied at the MP2(Full)/6-311++G(d,p)//MP2(Full)/6-31+G(d) level and also using SCS-MP2 methodology. While the parent compound has a high free energy of activation (194.6 kJ mol(-1)), this value could be drastically lowered by substituent effects. Anionic species were found to be particularly effective in increasing the calculated reaction rate. The potential utility of this approach in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is discussed.
Flaxseed in Breadmaking: Effects on Sensory Quality, Aging, and Composition of Bakery Products (2006)

ABSTRACT: This paper describes the effect of flaxseed on two bread formulations. The quality of bread rolls—containing flaxseed—and the quality of cinnamon rolls—containing flaxseed and flaxseed oil—is determined by sensory evaluation (texture, odor, and flavor), instrumental texture measurement and chemical analysis (fatty acids, fiber, secoisolarisiresinol diglycoside, and cadmium). Bread aging is monitored by measuring sensory attributes during storage. The results indicate that the flaxseed rolls retain moisture and softness more efficiently than the control rolls that do not contain flaxseed. No off‐odors were detected during the storage period from 0 to 6 d at room temperature (+22 °C), although flaxseed rolls and cinnamon rolls were discovered to be high in unsaturated fats. The major fatty acid in both bakery samples that contained flaxseed was α‐linolenic acid. The flaxseed rolls were also high in fiber. Therefore, from a nutritional viewpoint flaxseed shows beneficial properties in breadmaking. It has a positive impact on the texture parameters during storage as well as on the nutritional composition, for example, the content of fiber and unsaturated fats.
Wide-Area Damping Controller of FACTS Devices for Inter-Area Oscillations Considering Communication Time Delays (2013)

The usage of remote signals obtained from a wide-area measurement system (WAMS) introduces time delays to a wide-area damping controller (WADC), which would degrade system damping and even cause system instability. The time-delay margin is defined as the maximum time delay under which a closed-loop system can remain stable. In this paper, the delay margin is introduced as an additional performance index for the synthesis of classical WADCs for flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices to damp inter-area oscillations. The proposed approach includes three parts: a geometric measure approach for selecting feedback remote signals, a residue method for designing phase-compensation parameters, and a Lyapunov stability criterion and linear matrix inequalities (LMI) for calculating the delay margin and determining the gain of the WADC based on a tradeoff between damping performance and delay margin. Three case studies are undertaken based on a four-machine two-area power system for demonstrating the design principle of the proposed approach, a New England ten-machine 39-bus power system and a 16-machine 68-bus power system for verifying the feasibility on larger and more complex power systems. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach on providing a balance between the delay margin and the damping performance.
On Sequences of Positive Integers (1951)

Let a 1 , a 2 ,..., a m be any finite set of distinct natural numbers, and let b 1 , b 2 ,...be the sequence formed by all those numbers which are divisible by any of a 1 , a 2 ..., a m . This sequence has a density in the obvious sense and we denote this density by A(a 1 a 2 ,...a m ).
Improved iterative soft-reliability-based majority-logic decoding algorithm for non-binary low-density parity-check codes (2011)

Non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have some advantages as opposed to their binary counterparts, but unfortunately their decoding complexity is a significant challenge. Hence, the iterative soft-reliability-based (ISRB) majority-logic decoding algorithm is attractive for non-binary LDPC codes, since it involves only finite field additions and multiplications as well as integer additions and comparisons. In this paper, we propose an improved ISRB majority-logic decoding algorithm by using a new reliability update. Our improved algorithm achieves better error performance and faster convergence, while further reducing the computational complexity. For instance, for a (16, 16)-regular (255, 175) cyclic Euclidean geometry LDPC code over GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ), the proposed algorithm achieves a 0.15 dB coding gain and improves the convergence speed by 10% at a block error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> versus the ISRB majority-logic decoding algorithm. Compared with the ISRB majority-logic decoding algorithm, the proposed algorithm requires the same numbers of finite field additions and multiplications but fewer integer additions and comparisons. Furthermore, the ISRB majority-logic decoding algorithm is based on the accumulation of reliability information, and hence the numerical range of the reliability information increases with iterations. In contrast, the proposed reliability update has a fixed numerical range and thus simplifies hardware implementations.
Using rhythmic nonces for puzzle-based DoS resistance (2008)

To protect against replay attacks, many Internet protocols rely on nonces to guarantee freshness. In practice, the server generates these nonces during the initial handshake, but if the server is under attack, resources consumed by managing certain protocols can lead to DoS vulnerabilities. To help alleviate this problem, we propose the concept of rhythmic nonces, a cryptographic tool that allows servers to measure request freshness with minimal bookkeeping costs. We explore the impact of this service in the context of a puzzle-based DoS resistance scheme we call "SYN puzzles". Our preliminary results based on mathematical analysis and evaluation of a prototype suggests that our scheme is more resistant than existing techniques.
Strong coupling, charm- and bottom-quark masses from electron-positron annihilation (2010)

The cross section for electron-positron annihilation into hadrons allows for a precise determination of the strong coupling constant and the charm- and bottom-quark masses. Recent theoretical and experimental results are presented with emphasis on the energy region accessible by B-meson factories and below.
Application of model-based library approach to photoresist pattern shape measurement in advanced lithography (2010)

The model-based library (MBL) matching technique was applied to measurements of photoresist patterns exposed with a leading-edge ArF immersion lithography tool. This technique estimates the dimensions and shape of a target pattern by comparing a measured SEM image profile to a library of simulated line scans. In this study, a double trapezoid model was introduced into MBL library, which was suitable for precise approximation of a photoresist profile. To evaluate variously-shaped patterns, focus-exposure matrix wafers were exposed under three-illuminations. The geometric parameters such as bottom critical dimension (CD), top and bottom sidewall angles were estimated by MBL matching. Lithography simulation results were employed as a reference data in this evaluation. As a result, the trends of the estimated sidewall angles are consistent with the litho-simulation results. MBL bottom CD and threshold method 50% CD are also in a very good agreement. MBL detected wide-SWA variation in a focus series which were determined as in a process window by CD values. The trend of SWA variation, which is potentiality to undergo CD shift at later-etch step, agreed with litho-simulation results. These results suggest that MBL approach can achieve the efficient measurements for process development and control in advanced lithography.
Inhibitory antibodies to plasmalemmal Ca2+-transporting ATPases. Their use in subcellular localization of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-dependent ATPase activity in smooth muscle (1985)

Antibodies directed against the purified calmodulin-binding (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase [(Ca2+ + Mg2+)-dependent ATPase] from pig erythrocytes and from smooth muscle of pig stomach (antral part) were raised in rabbits. Both the IgGs against the erythrocyte (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase and against the smooth-muscle (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase inhibited the activity of the purified calmodulin-binding (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase from smooth muscle. Up to 85% of the total (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity in a preparation of KCl-extracted smooth-muscle membranes was inhibited by these antibodies. The (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity and the Ca2+ uptake in a plasma-membrane-enriched fraction from this smooth muscle were inhibited to the same extent, whereas in an endoplasmic-reticulum-enriched membrane fraction the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity was inhibited by only 25% and no effect was observed on the oxalate-stimulated Ca2+ uptake. This supports the hypothesis that, in pig stomach smooth muscle, two separate types of Ca2+-transport ATPase exist: a calmodulin-binding ATPase located in the plasma membrane and a calmodulin-independent one present in the endoplasmic reticulum. The antibodies did not affect the stimulation of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity by calmodulin.
Vascular resistance vs. perfusate osmolarity: the short term microvascular effect of hypotonic and hypertonic perfusion in the isolated kidney. (1989)

Vascular resistance changes were measured in response to alteration in perfusate osmolarity in isolated rabbit kidneys perfused at 10 degrees C. The data obtained were found to fit a simple mathematical model of the vascular resistance of the microcirculation in which it was assumed that variation in this parameter depended solely upon osmotic alterations in the size of the cells within and around the blood vessel walls. The model predicts that the volumetric changes due to the different osmolarities are produced in a tissue layer whose thickness is 30% relative to a fixed outer radius. This result is compatible with the hypothesis that the effects are predominantly due to changes of endothelial cell volume and other perivascular capillary cells. The analysis illustrates the significance of perfusate osmolarity as a determinant of vascular resistance, can be used to investigate the hemodynamic effects that occur during the introduction and removal of cryoprotective agents, and is relevant to the interpretation of results obtained with hypertonic solutions in blood volume restoration after hypovolemic shock.