gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screening of DNA Aptamers against Myoglobin Using a Positive and Negative Selection Units Integrated Microfluidic Chip and Its Biosensing Application (2014)

An aptamer screening method using a positive and negative selection units integrated microfluidic chip was introduced. Here, myoglobin (Myo), one of the early markers to increase after acute myocardial infarction, was used as the model. After 7-round selection, the aptamers, which exhibited dissociation constants (K(d)) in the nanomolar range (from 4.93 to 6.38 nM), were successfully obtained using a positive and negative selection units integrated microfluidic chip. The aptamer with the highest affinity (K(d) = 4.93 nM) was then used for the fabrication of a label-free supersandwich electrochemical biosensor for Myo detection based on target-induced aptamer displacement. The detection limit of this aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor was 10 pM, which was significantly lower than that of those previous antibody-based biosensors for Myo detection. This work may not only develop a strategy for screening aptamer but also offer promising alternatives to the traditional analytical and immunological methods for Myo detection.
Natural Products Containing a Nitrogen–Nitrogen Bond (2013)

As of early 2013, over 200 natural products are known to contain a nitrogen–nitrogen (N–N) bond. This report categorizes these compounds by structural class and details their isolation and biological activity.
A novel palmitic acid hydroxy stearic acid (5‐PAHSA) plays a neuroprotective role by inhibiting phosphorylation of the m‐TOR‐ULK1 pathway and regulating autophagy (2021)

We found that 5-PAHSA can enhance autophagy in PC12 cells under diabetic conditions. Our data demonstrated that 5-PAHSA inhibits phosphorylation of the m-TOR-ULK1 pathway and suppressed oxidative stress in PC12 cells, and exerted influence on lipid metabolism in DB/DB mice.
Wireless network design: solution-oriented modeling and mathematical optimization (2006)

As the telecommunication industry matures, there is vital interest in good network designs. Many planning tasks in wireless networks are particularly complex and challenging. A solution-oriented modeling approach can help to devise efficient automatic planning and optimization schemes. This article discusses how good mathematical models can be obtained for real-world problems, which model structures facilitate good computational behavior, and which advanced tools are available for solving such models. The trade-off between capturing the fine characteristics of technologies and the simplicity of the model is illustrated for several technologies and example problems
A versatile bi-metallic copper–cobalt catalyst for liquid phase hydrogenation of furfural to 2-methylfuran (2015)

This work presents the application of bi-metallic copper–cobalt catalysts towards one step hydrogenation of furfural to 2-methylfuran in liquid phase.
A Fully Convolutional Neural Network for Complex Spectrogram Processing in Speech Enhancement (2019)

In this paper we propose a fully convolutional neural network (CNN) for complex spectrogram processing in speech enhancement. The proposed CNN consists of one-dimensional (1-d) convolution and frequency-dilated 2-d convolution, and incorporates a residual learning and skip-connection structure. Compared with the state-of-the-art, the proposed CNN achieves a better performance with fewer parameters. Experiments have shown that the complex spectrogram processing is effective in terms of phase estimation, which benefits the reconstruction of clean speech especially in the female speech case. It is also demonstrated that the model yields a convincing performance with small memory footprint when the number of parameters is limited.
Methionine sulfoxide reductase A protects neuronal cells against brief hypoxia/reoxygenation (2004)

Hypoxia/reoxygenation induces cellular injury by promoting oxidative stress. Reversible oxidation of methionine in proteins involving the enzyme peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase type A (MSRA) is postulated to serve a general antioxidant role. Therefore, we examined whether overexpression of MSRA protected cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Brief hypoxia increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in PC12 cells and promoted apoptotic cell death. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of MSRA significantly diminished the hypoxia-induced increase in ROS and facilitated cell survival. Measurements of the membrane potentials of intact mitochondria in PC12 cells and of isolated rat liver mitochondria showed that hypoxia induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. The results demonstrate that MSRA plays a protective role against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cell injury and suggest the therapeutic potential of MSRA in ischemic heart and brain disease.
Stable X chromosome inactivation involves the PRC1 Polycomb complex and requires histone MACROH2A1 and the CULLIN3/SPOP ubiquitin E3 ligase (2005)

X inactivation involves the stable silencing of one of the two X chromosomes in XX female mammals. Initiation of this process occurs during early development and involves Xist (X-inactive-specific transcript) RNA coating and the recruitment of Polycomb repressive complex (PRC) 2 and PRC1 proteins. This recruitment results in an inactive state that is initially labile but is further locked in by epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation, histone hypoacetylation, and MACROH2A deposition. Here, we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase consisting of SPOP and CULLIN3 is able to ubiquitinate the Polycomb group protein BMI1 and the variant histone MACROH2A. We find that in addition to MACROH2A, PRC1 is recruited to the inactivated X chromosome in somatic cells in a highly dynamic, cell cycle-regulated manner. Importantly, RNAi-mediated knock-down of CULLIN3 or SPOP results in loss of MACROH2A1 from the inactivated X chromosome (Xi), leading to reactivation of the Xi in the presence of inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Likewise, Xi reactivation is also seen on MacroH2A1 RNAi under these conditions. Hence, we propose that the PRC1 complex is involved in the maintenance of X chromosome inactivation in somatic cells. We further demonstrate that MACROH2A1 deposition is regulated by the CULLIN3/SPOP ligase complex and is actively involved in stable X inactivation, likely through the formation of an additional layer of epigenetic silencing.
Fusion of geometric and thermographic data for automated defect detection (2012)

Many workpieces produced in large numbers with a large variety of sizes and geometries, e.g. castings and forgings, have to be 100% inspected. In addition to geometric tolerances, material defects, e.g. surface cracks, also have to be detected. We present a fully automated nondestructive testing technique for both types of defects. The workpiece is subject to continuous motion, and during this motion two measurements are performed. In the first step, after applying a short inductive heating, a thermographic measurement is carried out. An infrared camera records the surface temperature of the workpiece enabling the localization of material defects and surface cracks. In the second step, a light sectioning measurement is performed to measure the three-dimensional geometry of the piece. With the help of feature-based registration the data from the two different sources are fused and evaluated together. The advantage of this technique is that a more reliable decision can be made about the nature of the failures and their possible causes. The same registration technique also can be used for the comparison of different pieces and therefore to localize different failure types, via comparison with a "golden," defect-free piece. The registration technique can be applied to any part that has unique geometric features, around which moments can be computed. Consequently, the inspection technique can be applied to many different parts. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated with measurements on three parts having different geometries.
Modelling word-pair relations in a category-based language model (2002)

A new technique for modelling word occurrence correlations within a word-category based language model is presented. Empirical observations indicate that the conditional probability of a word given its category, rather than maintaining the constant value normally assumed, exhibits an exponential decay towards a constant as a function of an appropriately defined measure of separation between the correlated words. Consequently, a functional dependence of the probability upon this separation is postulated, and methods for determining both the related word pairs as well as the function parameters are developed. Experiments using the LOB, Switchboard and Wall Street Journal corpora indicate that this formulation captures the transient nature of the conditional probability effectively, and leads to reductions in perplexity of between 8 and 22%, where the largest improvements are delivered by correlations of words with themselves (self-triggers), and the reductions increase with the size of the training corpus.
Adaptive Glide Slope Control for Parafoil and Payload Aircraft (2013)

The invention of the steerable, gliding, ram-air parafoil enabled the possibility of precision, autonomous aerial payload delivery. Research and development work on guided airdrop systems has focused primarily on evolutionary improvements to the guidance algorithm, although the navigation and control algorithms have changed little since the initial autonomous systems were developed. Recent work has demonstrated the potential for dramatic improvements in landing accuracy through the incorporation of canopy incidence variation to achieve glide slope control for parafoils. The current work presents the development of a control law to implement glide slope control on an autonomous airdrop system. Autonomous landings with the control law in both simulation and flight test demonstrate an improvement in landing accuracy by a factor of two, though the improvement can be even greater in especially windy conditions. Finally, the ability to perform in-flight system identification to adapt internal control mappings to match flight data and provide dramatic improvements in landing accuracy when there is a significant discrepancy between the assumed and actual flight characteristics is demonstrated in both simulation and flight test.
Origin and Spacing of Cleats in Coal Beds (1977)

Cleats are natural fractures in coal beds resulting from dehydration, devolatilization, and stresses in the earth’s upper crust during coalification. The orientation of these fractures usually parallels that of the fractures (joints) in the associated rocks except that the former is better developed. Spacing of cleats ranges from less than one millimeter to over one meter. The frequency of cleating in coal beds affects not only mining but also the flow of gases in the coal, and the strength of pillars used for roof support. The variation in spacing in controlled primarily by two parameters, namely rank and petrographic composition of the coal. The cleat frequency increases with increasing rank and reaches a maximum at the low-volatile bituminous coal rank. Within the same coal bed at the same mine face, dull coal layers tend to have fewer cleats than bright coal layers. The nature of the cleats is further complicated by local disturbances such as faults, folds, and fissility of bedding planes in the coal seams.
Tobacco smoking increases leukocyte activation and decrease regulatory T cells in healthy subjects (2013)

Tobacco use is a major risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and cancer. Smoking promotes inflammation and thrombosis through a poorly understood mechanism. Whether if the immune response is significantly affected by smoking is not well established. We studied different leukocytes subpopulations and its activation by flow cytometry, in a very well characterized population of healthy subjects. With previous authorization by the Ethics Committees of the institution and signed informed consent, we enrolled 55 healthy subjects, 16 current smokers (S) and 39 non smokers (NSm). The median age was 49 years (27-76). Sm had history of tobacco smoking of at least 10 cigarettes/day, and had smoked normally the day before. Each participant was screened for diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and subclinical atheromatosis disease: intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries (CCA), presence of internal or external carotid arteries plaque, arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), endothelial function by reactive hyperemia and aortic central pressure estimation (radial pressure wave analysis). Subjects with any comorbidity as autoimmune disease, infection, cardiovascular disease, clinical chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were excluded. Sm showed a decrease on neutrophils percentage (p=0.01) and a marked increase in the expression of CD69 (activation antigen) in neutrophils (p=0.044) and monocytes (p=0.011). CD56brightCD16– NK subset (immunomodulatory NK subset) was decreased on Sm group (p=0.002) despite no difference was observed in total NK cells between groups. Additionally, Sm also showed approximately a marked decrease in the percentage of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+highFoxP3+) on peripheral blood (p=0.002). No differences were found neither neither in CD4, CD8 T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes nor in lymphocytes activation markers and intracellular cytokines (IFN-γ IL-4, IL-10, IL-17) between groups. The presence/absence of subclinical atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension or Framingham risk score did not significantly alter these results. These results indicate that tobacco smoking affects innate and adaptive immune responses. Our data shows a regulatory T cells reduction and an increase on leukocytes status activation in cigarette smoking. Our data suggests a potential link between smoking and inflammation - thrombosis.
Producing Interactive Immersive Sound for MPEG-H: A Field Test for Sports Broadcasting (2014)

The present paper gives a practical example on how broadcast content can be produced for MPEG-H. Existing production workflows are investigated with the question in mind, what adaptations are required in order to make use of audio objects and immersive 3D Audio provided by the new broadcast standard. After a short introduction to the features of MPEG-H, practical use cases are presented for immersive mixes and interactive personalized audio. In field tests, the tonmeisters who authored the paper attended two sports events and gathered original audio material. Recording methods were tested to see how much additional effort is needed to make use of the mentioned features. The results show that already existing TV production techniques can be used to provide enough audio material for interactive TV mixes. With little additional effort, immersive 3D Audio environments can be created.
Compact and broad-band three-dimensional MMIC balun (1999)

This paper presents a simple and effective technique which compensates for the amplitude and phase differences of the Marchand balun. Compensation is accomplished by interconnecting a short transmission line to a pair of couplers. As a result, Marchand balun with operation frequency ranging as wide as 8.2-30 GHz is achieved. To fabricate the prototype, we adopt three-dimensional monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit technology together with a 2.5 /spl mu/m/spl times/4 layer polyimide structure stacked over a GaAs wafer. The topology yields a circuit area as small as 0.2 mm/spl times/0.4 mm for the balun.
[New approaches to antioxidant therapy in multiple sclerosis]. (2002)

For study of antioxidant therapy efficiency in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis we investigated group 1 (18 patients) treated with alpha-lipoic acid and group 2 (14 patients) who received complex of antioxidants and neuroprotectors with various mechanisms of action (oc-lipoic acid, Nicotinamide, Acetylcysteine, Triovit Beta-carotine, Alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Ascorbic acid, Selenium, Pentoxifylline, Cerebrolysin, Amantadine hydrochloride) during 1 month, 2 times a year. The treatment resulted in significant reduction (2-3 times) of relapse frequency in multiple sclerosis patients (especially in group 2) and decrease of required corticosteroid courses. After antioxidant therapy the content of lipid peroxide products was significantly reduced (most expressed in group 2). The improved method of multicomponent antioxidant and neuroprotective therapy can be considered as pathogenic threatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Ginsenosides Rb1and Rg3protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurodegeneration (1998)

Certain natural products and Asian herbal remedies have been used in Asia to attenuate neurodegenerative diseases, including senile dementia. We have examined derivatives of several natural products for potential neuroprotective activity in an in vitro test system. In the present study, we assayed a number of compounds that were isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) for an ability to protect rat cortical cell cultures from the deleterious effects of the neurotoxicant, glutamate. We found that ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 significantly attenuated glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Brief exposure of cultures to excess glutamate caused extensive neuronal death. Glutamate-induced neuronal cell damage was reduced significantly by pretreatment with Rb1 and Rg3. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 inhibited the overproduction of nitric oxide, which routinely follows glutamate neurotoxicity, and preserved the level of superoxide dismutase in glutamate-treated cells. Furthermore, in cultures treated with glutamate, these ginsenosides inhibited the formation of malondialdehyde, a compound that is produced during lipid peroxidation, and diminished the influx of calcium. These results show that ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 exerted significant neuroprotective effects on cultured cortical cells. Therefore, these compounds may be efficacious in protecting neurons from oxidative damage that is produced by exposure to excess glutamate.
Neonatal neutrophil dysfunction. (1992)

Functional as well as quantitative abnormalities of neutrophilic granulocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neonatal septicemia and other infectious complications in human neonates. Despite considerable previous investigation, the molecular basis for observed abnormalities of inflammatory functions of neonatal neutrophils is not well understood. The development of novel preventative or therapeutic strategies for high-risk neonatal populations will depend upon further investigations to delineate the fundamental basis of abnormal cellular events.
Modifying the Memorability of Face Photographs (2013)

Contemporary life bombards us with many new images of faces every day, which poses non-trivial constraints on human memory. The vast majority of face photographs are intended to be remembered, either because of personal relevance, commercial interests or because the pictures were deliberately designed to be memorable. Can we make a portrait more memorable or more forgettable automatically? Here, we provide a method to modify the memorability of individual face photographs, while keeping the identity and other facial traits (e.g. age, attractiveness, and emotional magnitude) of the individual fixed. We show that face photographs manipulated to be more memorable (or more forgettable) are indeed more often remembered (or forgotten) in a crowd-sourcing experiment with an accuracy of 74%. Quantifying and modifying the 'memorability' of a face lends itself to many useful applications in computer vision and graphics, such as mnemonic aids for learning, photo editing applications for social networks and tools for designing memorable advertisements.
New Class of Inhibitor for 1060 Aluminium in Nitric Acid: 1-Aryl Substituted-3-Formamidino Thiocarbamides (1983)

AbstractThe corrosion inhibiting efficiencies of guanidine carbonate and some of its condensation products have been demonstrated for aluminium (1060) in 20% nitric acid at 25° and 35°C. The percentage inhibitive efficiencies (IE, %) have been found to increase with a rise in temperature and also with an increase in concentration of the inhibitors up to 500 ppm. All the condensation products exhibit greater inhibitive efficiency than the parent compound (guanidine carbonate). 1-p-Methoxyphenyl-3-formamidino-thiocarbamide was found to be the most effective inhibitor followed by 1-p-Methylphenyl-3-formamidino-thiocarbamide, 1-p-Chlorophenyl-3-formamidino-thiocarbamide, 1-m-Chlorophenyl-3-formamidino-thiocarbamide and guanidine carbonate. In each case the steady state potential attained a more negative value with increase in concentration of the additives. Potentiostatic (anodic and cathodic) polarisation studies revealed that the inhibitors are predominantly effective on local cathodes, although partially e...
Proliferation and viability in cellular spheroids of human origin. (1978)

The capacity of cells to form growing tumor-like colonies in culture was tested by a new and unlaborious suspension technique. Six of nine tested cell lines formed spheroids, five of which started to grow. The growing spheroids reached a maximal size determined by balanced cell gain in a proliferative, superficial layer and cell death, particularly at larger depth. Sections of spheroids of different origin showed large variations in the thickness of the viable cell layers and in the shape of the proliferative gradients. The data, taken together with earlier published information, indicate that a difference between rodent and human cells generally exists, the former showing thinner viable and proliferative layers.
Driven gait orthosis to do locomotor training of paraplegic patients (2002)

Recent studies have confirmed that with a regular treadmill training walking capabilities in incomplete spinal cord injured subjects as well as in hemiplegic patients can be improved. In the beginning of this training the legs of the patients have to be assisted. So far this has been done by physiotherapists guiding the legs during gait on a moving treadmill. As this can be a very exhausting job for the therapists, the training usually is too short to get optimal results. Therefore a driven gait orthosis has been developed that can move the legs of a patient in a physiological way on a moving treadmill. The orthosis is adjustable in size so different patients can use it. There are actuators at the knee and hip joints that are controlled via a position controller. A passive foot lifter controls the ankle joint. This setup allows the legs of the patient to be moved in different, physiological gait patterns on the treadmill without any assistance of the patient or a physiotherapist. First tests with the orthosis showed good results. Several patients could be trained for more then half an hour and with a higher speed then in the manually assisted training. All trained patients reported no problems with this training; on the contrary, they felt more comfortable with the new method.