gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Blind-Zone Detection Method Using a Rear-Mounted Fisheye Camera With Combination of Vehicle Detection Methods (2015)

This paper proposes a novel approach for detecting and tracking vehicles to the rear and in the blind zone of a vehicle, using a single rear-mounted fisheye camera and multiple detection algorithms. A maneuver that is a significant cause of accidents involves a target vehicle approaching the host vehicle from the rear and overtaking into the adjacent lane. As the overtaking vehicle moves toward the edge of the image and into the blind zone, the view of the vehicle gradually changes from a front view to a side view. Furthermore, the effects of fisheye distortion are at their most pronounced toward the extremities of the image, rendering detection of a target vehicle entering the blind zone even more difficult. The proposed system employs an AdaBoost classifier at distances of 10–40 m between the host and target vehicles. For detection at short distances where the view of a target vehicle has changed to a side view and the AdaBoost classifier is less effective, identification of vehicle wheels is proposed. Two methods of wheel detection are employed: at distances between 5 and 15 m, a novel algorithm entitled wheel arch contour detection (WACD) is presented, and for distances less than 5 m, Hough circle detection provides reliable wheel detection. A testing framework is also presented, which categorizes detection performance as a function of distance between host and target vehicles. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method results in a detection rate of greater than 93% in the critical range (blind zone) of the host.
Numerical modeling of 1-D transient poroelastic waves (2007)

International audience
Sound-field reconstruction performance of a mixed-order Ambisonics microphone array (2013)

Recently, there has been increasing interest in using spherical microphone arrays for spatial audio recordings. Accurate recordings are important for a range of applications, from virtual sound environments for hearing research through to the evaluation of communication devices, such as hearing instruments and mobile phones. Previously, a mixed-order Ambisonics (MOA) approach was proposed to improve the horizontal spatial resolution of spherical arrays. This was achieved by increasing the number of microphones near the horizontal plane while keeping the total number of transducers fixed. The approach is motivated by the fact that human spatial hearing is most acute in the horizontal plane. This study presents simulations of the performance of an MOA rigid-sphere microphone array, and its robustness to variations in microphone characteristics. Specifications of a commercially available microphone were used to simulate self-noise, sensitivity, and phase response variations between the microphones. To quantify the reconstruction error and the "sweet area" as a function of source elevation, the reconstructed sound field based on a simulated array measurement was compared to the reference sound field for both horizontal and elevated sources. It is expected that the MOA approach results in a larger sweet area for mid to high frequencies for horizontal sources.
Temperature-memory polymer actuators (2013)

Reading out the temperature-memory of polymers, which is their ability to remember the temperature where they were deformed recently, is thus far unavoidably linked to erasing this memory effect. Here temperature-memory polymer actuators (TMPAs) based on cross-linked copolymer networks exhibiting a broad melting temperature range (Δ T m ) are presented, which are capable of a long-term temperature-memory enabling more than 250 cyclic thermally controlled actuations with almost constant performance. The characteristic actuation temperatures T act s of TMPAs can be adjusted by a purely physical process, guiding a directed crystallization in a temperature range of up to 40 °C by variation of the parameter T sep in a nearly linear correlation. The temperature T sep divides Δ T m into an upper T m range (T > T sep ) forming a reshapeable actuation geometry that determines the skeleton and a lower T m range (T < T sep ) that enables the temperature-controlled bidirectional actuation by crystallization-induced elongation and melting-induced contraction. The macroscopic bidirectional shape changes in TMPAs could be correlated with changes in the nanostructure of the crystallizable domains as a result of in situ X-ray investigations. Potential applications of TMPAs include heat engines with adjustable rotation rate and active building facades with self-regulating sun protectors.
Contact Angle Measurements Using Cellphone Cameras to Implement the Bikerman Method (2011)

Contact angle measurements, by providing information on the properties of a surface, such as wettability and surface energy, are of growing importance in countless branches of science and technology. Unquestionably, the most accurate means of measuring the contact angle of a sessile drop is by computerized drop shape analysis, known as DSA or ADSA, which has been described in great detail by Neumann [1] and to which the authors have also made a contribution [2]. It should be noted that while most of Neumann‘s work relates to drops viewed in profile, he does also report the use of drop-shape analysis when viewed from above, i.e. the approach discussed here. However, the software used by him is not in the public domain, and it is not clear how to access it. Over two centuries since the work of Young [3], scores of methods have been proposed for contact angle measurement, many of which today are no more than scientific curiosities. However, a small number deserve a reappraisal, because the need remains for easy-to-use, low-cost techniques, not least those which can be used by operatives on the shop floor. Developments in open-source computer software and lowcost digital imaging devices are drivers for such a reappraisal. In 1941, Bikerman [4] proposed a novel method of measuring the contact angle of a sessile drop. This was based on viewing the droplet from above and measuring the diameter of the droplet, on known volume. For small volume spherical drops, he derived the equation : d3/v = (24sin3 θ) / (π(2 – 3cos θ + cos3 θ)
Cerebrovascular autoregulation after rewarming from hypothermia in a neonatal swine model of asphyxic brain injury (2013)

After hypoxic brain injury, maintaining blood pressure within the limits of cerebral blood flow autoregulation is critical to preventing secondary brain injury. Little is known about the effects of prolonged hypothermia or rewarming on autoregulation after cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that rewarming would shift the lower limit of autoregulation (LLA), that this shift would be detected by indices derived from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and that rewarming would impair autoregulation during hypertension. Anesthetized neonatal swine underwent sham surgery or hypoxic-asphyxic cardiac arrest, followed by 2 h of normothermia and 20 h of hypothermia, with or without rewarming. Piglets were further divided into cohorts for cortical laser-Doppler flow (LDF) measurements during induced hypotension or hypertension. We also tested whether indices derived from NIRS could identify the LDF-derived LLA. The LLA did not differ significantly among groups with sham surgery and hypothermia (29 ± 8 mmHg), sham surgery and rewarming (34 ± 7 mmHg), arrest and hypothermia (29 ± 10 mmHg), and arrest and rewarming (38 ± 11 mmHg). The LLA was not affected by arrest (P = 0.60), temperature (P = 0.08), or interaction between arrest and temperature (P = 0.73). The NIRS-derived indices detected the LLA accurately, with the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curves of 0.81-0.96 among groups. In groups subjected to arrest and hypothermia, with or without rewarming, the slope of LDF relative to cerebral perfusion pressure during hypertension was not significantly different from zero (P > 0.10). In conclusion, rewarming did not shift the LLA during hypotension or affect autoregulation during hypertension after asphyxic cardiac arrest. The NIRS-derived autoregulation indices identified the LLA accurately.
Reaction Mechanism of Calcium Hydroxide with Gaseous Hydrogen Chloride (1998)

The reduction of acid gas content in combustion or incineration flue gases can be carried out by reaction with dry, fine alkaline sorbents such as calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. In the present work, in addition to the thermodynamic study of the different reactions involved in the dechlorination process, an experimental study to identify the reaction products by means of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and thermogravimetry has been carried out. It has been shown that the reaction of hydrochloric acid with hydrated lime leads to the formation of not only calcium chloride but calcium hydroxichloride.
Polarization spectroscopy in rubidium and cesium (2006)

We develop a theoretical treatment of polarization spectroscopy and use it to make predictions about the general form of polarization spectra in the alkali-metal atoms. Using our model, we generate theoretical spectra for the $D2$ transitions in $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$, $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$. Experiments demonstrate that the model accurately reproduces spectra of transitions from the upper hyperfine level of the ground state only. Among these, the closed transition $F\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=F+1$ dominates, with a steep gradient through line center ideally suited for use as a reference in laser locking.
Expression of cathepsin L and its inhibitor hurpin in inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases (2005)

Cathepsin (Cat) L is an important lysosomal proteinase involved in a variety of cellular functions including intracellular protein turnover, epidermal homeostasis and hair development. Hurpin (serpinB13) is a cross-class specific serine protease inhibitor of Cat L. We have analysed the expression and localization of Cat L and hurpin in various inflammatory and neoplastic diseases by immunohistochemistry. Whereas Cat L expression in normal skin was below detection limit, immunoreactivity was detected in chronic inflammatory dermatoses. The highest expression of Cat L was found in psoriasis, atopic eczema and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples. Samples of Lupus erythematosus, folliculitis, acne inversa, chronic leg ulcers and pyoderma gangrenosum demonstrated similar but lower expression for Cat L. In malignant cells of SCC, basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma, characteristic staining patterns were observed for Cat L, with more abundant expression at the periphery of the tumor. Expanding our previous work, we found that the expression of hurpin was confined mainly to the basal layer in normal skin samples, whereas hurpin was overexpressed and redistributed in diseased skin. The localization of hurpin in dermatoses and neoplasias differed from that in normal skin in that the highest expression was found in the outermost layers of the granular and upper spinous layers. Similarly to Cat L, the highest expression for hurpin was found in psoriasis and SCC. The results presented here summarize for the first time the expression of the protease Cat L and its inhibitor hurpin in a broad spectrum of skin diseases.
NMR study of thiourea (1994)

Abstract We have investigated the local environments and the lattice dynamics of polycrystalline samples of pure thiourea (SC(NH2)2) and urea (OC(NH2)2)-doped thiourea using the techniques of 1H pulsed NMR. In the NMR frequency range of our investigation, the room temperature spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) varies very sensitively, following the form predicted from the theory of the spectral density. This frequency dependence allowed us to calculate the correlation times of molecular reorientation in the pure and urea-doped thiourea lattices. The lineshapes showed the different environments of the protons in the two systems. We have also observed the effect of the 14N quadrupole-1H Zeeman level cross relaxation by directly taking NMR data at the magnetic field of the level crossing in thiourea.
Fault tolerance in commercial computers (1990)

A taxonomy of fault tolerance in commercial computers is set forth. It is organized around three orthogonal axes: the sources of errors the computer tolerates, the computer's approach to tolerating errors, and the computer's structure. Each of these is briefly discussed. An example of each class in the taxonomy is presented, as well as its approach to answering the following questions: (1) Is the system to be highly reliable or highly available? (2) Do all outputs have to be correct, or only data committed to long-term storage? (3) How familiar must the user be with the architecture and software redundancy? (4) Is the system dedicated so that attributes of the application can be used to simplify fault tolerance techniques? (5) Is the system constrained to use existing components? (6) Even if the design is new, what cost and/or performance penalty does it impose on the user who does not require fault tolerance? (7) Is the system stand-alone, or can other processors be called upon to assist in times of failure? The computers covered are the VAX 8600 and IBM 3090 uniprocessors, the Tandem, Stratus, and VAXft 3000 multicomputers, and the Teradata and Sequoia multiprocessors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Urban Mobility Dynamics Based on Flexible Discrete Region Partition (2014)

Understanding the urban mobility patterns is essential for the planning and management of public infrastructure and transportation services. In this paper we focus on taxicab moving trajectory records and present a new approach to modeling and analyzing urban mobility dynamics. The proposed method comprises two phases. First, discrete space partition based on flexible grid is developed to divide urban environment into finite nonoverlapping subregions. By integrating mobility origin-destination points with covered region, the partitioned discrete subregions have better spatial semantics scalability. Then, we study mobility activity and its distribution randomness during given time periods among discrete subregions. Moreover, we also carry out the analysis of mobility linkage of mobility trips between different regions by O-D matrix. We present a case study with real dataset of taxicab mobility logs in Shenzhen, China, to demonstrate and evaluate the methodology. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the clustering partition and regular partition methods.
Spectroscopic models related to coenzymes and base pairs. I. Basis for hypochromism in the ultraviolet spectra of model systems related to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic models related to coenzymes and base pairs. I. Basis for hypochromism in the ultraviolet spectra of model systems related to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideNelson J. Leonard, Thomas Gordon. Scott, and Ping Cheong. HuangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 26, 7137–7138Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01002a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01002a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient video coding with hybrid spatial and fine-grain SNR scalabilities (2002)

A flexible and effective macroblock-based framework for hybrid spatial and fine-grain SNR scalable video coding is proposed in this paper. In the proposed framework, the base layer is of low resolution and is generally encoded at low bit rates with traditional prediction based coding schemes. Two enhancement layers, i.e., the low-resolution enhancement layer and the high-resolution enhancement layer, are generated to improve the video quality of the low-resolution base layer and evolve smoothly from low resolution to high resolution video with increasingly better quality, respectively. Since bit plane coding and drifting control techniques are applied to the two enhancement layers, each enhancement bitstream is fine-grain scalable and can be arbitrarily truncated to fit in the available channel bandwidth. In order to improve the coding efficiency and reduce the drifting errors at the high-resolution enhancement layer, five macroblock coding modes with different forms of motion compensation and reconstruction, are proposed in this paper. Furthermore, a mode decision algorithm is developed to select the appropriate coding mode for each macroblock at the high-resolution enhancement layer. Compared with the traditional spatial scalable coding scheme, the proposed framework not only provides the spatial scalability but also provides the fine granularity quality scalability at the same resolution.
Special section on components and packaging technologies with contributions from ITherm 2002 thermal management track (2003)

Originally published in IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technology Vol. 26 No. 1. IEEE holds all copyright of this article. IEEE allows the final published version of author's own work to be deposited in institutional repositories.
Photonic analog of graphene model and its extension: Dirac cone, symmetry, and edge states (2009)

This paper investigates the topological phase transition in honeycomb lattice photonic crystals with and without time-reversal and space-inversion symmetries through extensive analysis on bulk and edge states. In the system with both the symmetries, there appear multiple Dirac cones in the photonic band structure, and the mass gaps are controllable via symmetry breaking. The zigzag and armchair edges of the photonic crystals can support novel edge states that reflect the symmetries of the photonic crystals. The dispersion relation and the field configuration of the edge states are analyzed in detail in comparison to electronic edge states. Leakage of the edge states to free space, which is inherent in photonic systems, is fully taken into account in the analysis. A topological relation between bulk and edge states, which has been discussed in the context of electronic quantum Hall effect, is also examined in the photonic system with leaky edge states.
Segmentation-free word spotting using SIFT (2012)

This paper presents a method for word spotting using SIFT. The method performs well for multi-lingual document images and it works without skew correction and without any segmentation process. The algorithm for detecting words in test images is described, including the processes of detecting keypoints, matching them, and clustering matching pairs. Experiments on English and Korean document image collections showed that the proposed method is promising.
Synthesizing light field from a single image with variable MPI and two network fusion (2020)

We propose a learning-based approach to synthesize a light field with a small baseline from a single image. We synthesize the novel view images by first using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to promote the input image into a layered representation of the scene. We extend the multiplane image (MPI) representation by allowing the disparity of the layers to be inferred from the input image. We show that, compared to the original MPI representation, our representation models the scenes more accurately. Moreover, we propose to handle the visible and occluded regions separately through two parallel networks. The synthesized images using these two networks are then combined through a soft visibility mask to generate the final results. To effectively train the networks, we introduce a large-scale light field dataset of over 2,000 unique scenes containing a wide range of objects. We demonstrate that our approach synthesizes high-quality light fields on a variety of scenes, better than the state-of-the-art methods.
Low-energy laser irradiation stimulates the tooth movement velocity via expression of M-CSF and<i>c-fms</i> (2007)

Recent studies have demonstrated that low-energy laser irradiation stimulates bone formation in vitro and in vivo. However, very little is known about the effects of laser irradiation on osteoclastogenesis. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is essential and sufficient for osteoclastogenesis. The present study was designed to examine the effects of low-energy laser irradiation on expressions of M-CSF and c-fms during experimental tooth movement. A total of 10 g of orthodontic force was applied to rat molars to cause experimental tooth movement. A Ga-Al-As diode laser was used to irradiate the area around the moved tooth and the amount of tooth movement was measured for 7 days. Immunohistochemical staining with M-CSF and c-fms was performed. RT-PCR was also performed to elucidate the expression of c-fms from irradiated rat osteoclast precursor cells. In the irradiation group, the amount of tooth movement was significantly greater than that of the non-irradiation group at the end of the experiment. Cells positively stained with M-CSF and c-fms were found to be significantly increased in the irradiation group on days 2 and 3 as compared with the non-irradiation group. Further, c-fms expression in osteoclast precursor cells was detected at an early stage (days 2 and 3) in the irradiation group. These findings suggest that low-energy laser irradiation stimulates the velocity of tooth movement via the expressions of M-CSF and c-fms.
Crystal and molecular structure of bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) aluminum(III)-.mu.-oxo-bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal and molecular structure of bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) aluminum(III)-.mu.-oxo-bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III)Yoshihiko Kushi and Quintus FernandoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 1, 91–96Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00704a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00704a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts