gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetomechanical coupling and permeability in transversely annealed metglas 2605 alloys (1981)

We have measured the magnetomechanical coupling factor, relative permeability, and magnetization as a function of annealing temperature and applied field in transversely annealed samples of Metglas 2605 CO (Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">67</inf> CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</inf> B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> ) and Metglas 2605 SC (Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">81</inf> B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13.5</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3.5</inf> C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ). In 2605 CO the maximum coupling factor of 0.71 was obtained for ribbons annealed between 360 and 375°C in fields greater than 1 k Oe. Plots of the impedance and admittance circles indicated a very low loss material. In samples with a coupling factor of 0.71, the Q value from the impedance circle was 35, while the Q value from the admittance circle was 120. In the 2605 SC alloy considerably higher coupling factors were calculated (0.9 to 0.96) due to the much lower anisotropy. The magnetization of the samples are mainly rotational in nature.
Tunable solid-state laser action in Ce <sup>3+</sup> :LiSrAlF <sub>6</sub> (1994)

Continuously tunable UV laser operation of cerium-doped LiSrAlF6 (Ce3+:LiSAF) between 285 and 297 nm is demonstrated. At the peak operating wavelength of 290 nm, output energies of 1.3 mJ with slope efficiencies of 17% have been obtained.
Combination of electrografting and layer-by-layer deposition: an efficient way to tailor polymer coatings of (semi)-conductors (2007)

This communication reports on a novel, simple and highly versatile concept, which consists in combining the advantages of two complementary and relevant techniques (i) electrografting and (ii) layer-by-layer deposition process with the goal to tailor strongly adhering coatings to (semi)-conducting surfaces imparting them with tunable specific properties.
The CMU mobile computers: a new generation of computer systems (2002)

A novel class of mobile, wearable computer systems designed and manufactured at Carnegie Mellon University is described. These wearable systems provide a variety of capabilities including head mounted display, speech recognition, wireless telecommunication, and global position sensing. The mobile computer emphasizes the integration of computer supplied information in the mobile workspace. Three generations of wearable computers representing an evolution in capabilities are described: VuMan 1, VuMan 2, and Navigator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectrum of thermal fluctuation noise in diffusion and phonon cooled hot-electron mixers (1998)

A systematic study of the intermediate frequency noise bandwidth of Nb thin-film superconducting hot-electron bolometers is presented. We have measured the spectrum of the output noise as well as the conversion efficiency over a very broad intermediate frequency range (from 0.1 to 7.5 GHz) for devices varying in length from 0.08 μm to 3 μm. Local oscillator and rf signals from 8 to 40 GHz were used. For a device of a given length, the spectrum of the output noise and the conversion efficiency behave similarly for intermediate frequencies less than the gain bandwidth, in accordance with a simple thermal model for both the mixing and thermal fluctuation noise. For higher intermediate frequencies the conversion efficiency decreases; in contrast, the noise decreases but has a second contribution which dominates at higher frequency. The noise bandwidth is larger than the gain bandwidth, and the mixer noise is low, between 120 and 530 K (double side band).
Adapting non-hierarchical multilabel classification methods for hierarchical multilabel classification (2011)

In most classification problems, a classifier assigns a single class to each instance and the classes form a flat (non-hierarchical) structure, without superclasses or subclasses. In hierarchical multilabel classification problems, the classes are hi
Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase from<i>Escherichia coli</i>: cloning and characterisation of the gene, homologies of its translated amino acid sequence with asparaginyl- and lysyl-tRNA synthetases (1990)

By screening of an Escherichia coli plasmidic library using antibodies against aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) several clones were obtained containing aspS, the gene coding for AspRS. We report here the nucleotide sequence of aspS and the corresponding primary structure of the aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, a protein of 590 amino acid residues with a Mr 65,913, a value in close agreement with that observed for the purified protein. Primer extension analysis of the aspS mRNA using reverse transcriptase located its 5'-end at 94 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation AUG; nuclease S1 analysis located the 3'-end at 126 nucleotides downstream of the stop codon UGA. Comparison of the DNA-derived protein sequence with known aminoacyl-tRNA sequences revealed important homologies with asparaginyl- and lysyl-tRNA synthetases from E.coli; more than 25% of their amino acid residues are identical, the homologies being distributed preferencially in the first part and the carboxy-terminal end of the molecule. Mutagenesis directed towards a consensus tetrapeptide (Gly-Leu-Asp-Arg) and the carboxy-terminal end showed that both domains could be implicated in catalysis as well as in ATP binding.
A Survey of Autonomous Driving: <i>Common Practices and Emerging Technologies</i> (2020)

Automated driving systems (ADSs) promise a safe, comfortable and efficient driving experience. However, fatalities involving vehicles equipped with ADSs are on the rise. The full potential of ADSs cannot be realized unless the robustness of state-of-the-art is improved further. This paper discusses unsolved problems and surveys the technical aspect of automated driving. Studies regarding present challenges, high-level system architectures, emerging methodologies and core functions including localization, mapping, perception, planning, and human machine interfaces, were thoroughly reviewed. Furthermore, many state-of-the-art algorithms were implemented and compared on our own platform in a real-world driving setting. The paper concludes with an overview of available datasets and tools for ADS development.
A demonstration of GeoSpark: A cluster computing framework for processing big spatial data (2016)

This paper demonstrates GEOSPARK a cluster computing framework for developing and processing large-scale spatial data analytics programs. GEOSPARK consists of three main layers: Apache Spark Layer, Spatial RDD Layer and Spatial Query Processing Layer. Apache Spark Layer provides basic Apache Spark functionalities as regular RDD operations. Spatial RDD Layer consists of three novel Spatial Resilient Distributed Datasets (SRDDs) which extend regular Apache Spark RDD to support geometrical and spatial objects with data partitioning and indexing. Spatial Query Processing Layer executes spatial queries (e.g., Spatial Join) on SRDDs. The dynamic status of SRDDs and spatial operations are visualized by GEOSPARK monitoring map interface. We demonstrate GEOSPARK using three spatial analytics applications (spatial aggregation, autocorrelation and co-location) to show how users can easily define their spatial analytics tasks and efficiently process such tasks on large-scale spatial data at interactive performance.
Towards Hierarchical Email Recipient Prediction (2012)

Previous email prediction algorithms generate individual predictions based on the past groupings of recipients or the contents of past emails. Our work builds on this research by (a) introducing new algorithms for extending and combining previous techniques and generating hierarchical recipient pred
The pollen extract Femal—a nonestrogenic alternative to hormone therapy in women with menopausal symptoms (2012)

The results show that the pollen extract in Femal does not give the preparation any estrogenic effect. Thus, Femal, which has proven clinical efficacy, is a nonestrogenic alternative to hormone therapy in women with menopausal symptoms.
Quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (2008)

This review summarizes the essential characteristics of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS), especially as they relate to its applications in quantitative analysis. Approaches to quantification by MALDI-TOF MS are presented and published applications are critically reviewed.
MARCKS functions as a novel growth suppressor in cells of melanocyte origin (1996)

Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a pivotal role in modulating the growth of melanocytic cells in culture. We have shown previously that a major physiological substrate of PKC, the 80 kDa myristoylated alanine-rich C-Kinase substrate (MARCKS), can be phosphorylated in quiescent, non-tumorigenic melanocytes exposed transiently to a biologically active phorbol ester, but cannot be phosphorylated in phorbol ester-treated, syngeneic malignant melanoma cells. Despite its ubiquitous distribution, the function of MARCKS in cell growth and transformation remains to be demonstrated clearly. We report here that MARCKS mRNA and protein levels are down-regulated significantly in the spontaneously derived murine B16 melanoma cell line compound with syngeneic normal Mel-ab melanocytes. In contrast, the tumourigenic v-Ha-ras-transformed melanocytic line, LTR Ras 2, showed a high basal level of MARCKS phosphorylation which was not enhanced by treatment of cells with phorbol ester. Furthermore, protein levels of MARCKS in LTR Ras 2 cells were similar to those expressed in Mel-ab melanocytes. However, in four out of six murine tumour cell lines investigated, levels of MARCKS protein were barely detectable. Transfection of B16 cells with a plasmid containing the MARCKS cDNA in the sense orientation produced two neomycin-resistant clones displaying reduced proliferative capacity and decreased anchorage-independent growth compared with control cells. In contrast, transfection with the antisense MARCKS construct produced many colonies which displayed enhanced growth and transforming potential compared with control cells. Thus, MARCKS appears to act as a novel growth suppressor in the spontaneous transformation of cells of melanocyte origin and may play a more general role in the tumour progression of other carcinoma.
Study of starting and accelerating control strategy for hydraulic hybrid vehicle (2011)

Hydraulic hybrid Power is composed of the hydrostatic pump, high pressure accumulator, low pressure accumulator, switch valve and control system. The mathematical model of displacement servo system of hydrostatic pump and the mathematical model hydraulic hybrid power were built in this paper. The simulation model of controller was also established. The starting and accelerating control strategy for hydraulic hybrid vehicle was proposed and simulated. The dynamic simulation experimental bench was built and the starting and accelerating process of hydraulic hybrid vehicle was tested. The result of experiment proved that the theory of starting and accelerating control strategy was reasonable and that the simulation model was effective.
Reconstitution of the subclass-specific expression of CD4 in thymocytes and peripheral T cells of transgenic mice: identification of a human CD4 enhancer. (1993)

During thymic maturation, CD4-CD8-TCR- immature thymocytes differentiate through a CD4+CD8+TCRlo intermediate into two functionally distinct mature T cell subsets: helper T cells expressing CD4 and a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted T cell receptor (TCR), and cytotoxic T cells expressing CD8 and and MHC class I-restricted TCR. The mutually exclusive expression of CD4 and CD8 is maintained in the periphery during expansion of these mature T cell subsets. To elucidate the mechanisms controlling CD4 and CD8 expression on differentiating thymocytes and mature peripheral T cells, we have examined the expression of human CD4 gene constructs in the lymphoid tissues of transgenic mice. Our analyses demonstrate that sequences contained within or closely linked to the human CD4 gene are sufficient to reconstitute the appropriate regulation of human CD4 expression on all thymocyte and mature peripheral T cell subsets. Specifically, appropriate developmental regulation was dependent on two sets of sequences, one contained within a 1.3-kb restriction fragment located 6.5 kb upstream of the human CD4 gene, and the other present within or immediately flanking the gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis identified the 1.3-kb restriction fragment as the likely human homologue of an enhancer found 13 kb upstream of the mouse CD4 transcription initiation site. The human CD4 transgenic mice provide a useful system for the identification and characterization of additional sequence elements that participate in human CD4 gene regulation and for the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms governing the developmental program mediating the maturation of the CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral T cell subsets.
A 3D interactive multi-object segmentation tool using local robust statistics driven active contours (2012)

Extracting anatomical and functional significant structures renders one of the important tasks for both the theoretical study of the medical image analysis, and the clinical and practical community. In the past, much work has been dedicated only to the algorithmic development. Nevertheless, for clinical end users, a well designed algorithm with an interactive software is necessary for an algorithm to be utilized in their daily work. Furthermore, the software would better be open sourced in order to be used and validated by not only the authors but also the entire community. Therefore, the contribution of the present work is twofolds: first, we propose a new robust statistics based conformal metric and the conformal area driven multiple active contour framework, to simultaneously extract multiple targets from MR and CT medical imagery in 3D. Second, an open source graphically interactive 3D segmentation tool based on the aforementioned contour evolution is implemented and is publicly available for end users on multiple platforms. In using this software for the segmentation task, the process is initiated by the user drawn strokes (seeds) in the target region in the image. Then, the local robust statistics are used to describe the object features, and such features are learned adaptively from the seeds under a non-parametric estimation scheme. Subsequently, several active contours evolve simultaneously with their interactions being motivated by the principles of action and reaction-this not only guarantees mutual exclusiveness among the contours, but also no longer relies upon the assumption that the multiple objects fill the entire image domain, which was tacitly or explicitly assumed in many previous works. In doing so, the contours interact and converge to equilibrium at the desired positions of the desired multiple objects. Furthermore, with the aim of not only validating the algorithm and the software, but also demonstrating how the tool is to be used, we provide the reader reproducible experiments that demonstrate the capability of the proposed segmentation tool on several public available data sets.
Dynamic response of colliding-pulse mode-locked quantum-well lasers (1995)

The colliding-pulse mode-locked scheme, using quantum-well semiconductor lasers, has been reported to be useful for the generation of short optical pulses with a high repetition rate. In this paper, the large signal dynamic process of a monolithic colliding-pulse mode-locked laser diode is simulated using a large signal laser model. The refractive index changes induced by variations of the carrier density and the standing wave effect in the saturable absorber have been taken into account in the simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinical Relevance of Invasion Factors Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 for Individualized Therapy Decisions in Primary Breast Cancer Is Greatest When Used in Combination (2002)

PURPOSE: A strong prognostic impact of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) as individual factors is well established in breast cancer. The improvement in clinical risk assessment gained by combining these factors is evaluated here. PATIENTS AND METHODS: uPA and PAI-1 levels were prospectively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in tumor tissue extracts of 761 patients with primary breast cancer. RESULTS: In the clinically important subgroup of node-negative patients without adjuvant systemic therapy (n = 269; median follow-up, 60 months), the clinical value of testing both uPA and PAI-1 is demonstrated. The criterion either or both high identifies with high sensitivity the patients at high relapse risk while keeping more than half in the low-risk group. uPA/PAI-1 is the strongest predictor of disease-free survival and overall survival; patients with high uPA/PAI-1 have an increased relapse risk (P < .001; relative risk, 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 9.1), in particular for early relapse. Even within risk groups stratified by established criteria (nodal or menopausal status, tumor size, grade, or steroid hormone receptors), uPA/PAI-1 provides significant risk group discrimination. In the whole collective, the significant interaction between uPA/PAI-1 and adjuvant systemic therapy suggests a benefit from adjuvant therapy in high-risk patients as defined by uPA/PAI-1. CONCLUSION: The clinical relevance of the two tumor-invasion factors uPA and PAI-1 is greatest when they are used in combination. The particular combination of uPA and PAI-1 (both low v either or both high) is superior to either factor alone and supports risk-adapted individualized therapy decisions.
Transforming Growth Factor-β-Smad Signaling Pathway Negatively Regulates Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced MUC5AC Mucin Transcription via Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Phosphatase-1-dependent Inhibition of p38 MAPK (2003)

In contrast to the extensive studies on the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis over the past decade, relatively little is known about the exact role of TGF-beta signaling in regulating host response in infectious diseases. Most of the recent studies have suggested that TGF-beta inhibits macrophage activation during infections with pathogens such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania, thereby favoring virulence. In certain situations, however, there is also evidence that TGF-beta has been correlated with enhanced resistance to microbes such as Candida albicans, thus benefiting the host. Despite these distinct observations that mainly focused on macrophages, little is known about how TGF-beta regulates host primary innate defensive responses, such as up-regulation of mucin, in the airway epithelial cells. Moreover, how the TGF-beta-Smad signaling pathway negatively regulates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a key pathway mediating host response to bacteria, still remains largely unknown. Here we show that nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, a major human bacterial pathogen of otitis media and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, strongly induces up-regulation of MUC5AC mucin via activation of the Toll-like receptor 2-MyD88-dependent p38 path-way. Activation of TGF-beta-Smad signaling, however, leads to down-regulation of p38 by inducing MAPK phophatase-1, thereby acting as a negative regulator for MUC5AC induction. These studies may bring new insights into the novel role of TGF-beta signaling in attenuating host primary innate defensive responses and enhance our understanding of the signaling mechanism underlying the cross-talk between TGF-beta-Smad signaling pathway and the p38 MAPK pathway.
Role of the casein kinase I isoform, Hrr25, and the cell cycle-regulatory transcription factor, SBF, in the transcriptional response to DNA damage in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1997)

In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA damage or ribonucleotide depletion causes the transcriptional induction of an array of genes with known or putative roles in DNA repair. The ATM-like kinase, Mec1, and the serine/threonine protein kinases, Rad53 and Dun1, are required for this transcriptional response. In this paper, we provide evidence suggesting that another kinase, Hrr25, is also involved in the transcriptional response to DNA damage through its interaction with the transcription factor, Swi6. The Swi6 protein interacts with Swi4 to form the SBF complex and with Mbp1 to form the MBF complex. SBF and MBF are required for the G1-specific expression of G1 cyclins and genes required for S-phase. We show that Swi6 associates with and is phosphorylated by Hrr25 in vitro. We find that swi4, swi6, and hrr25 mutants, but not mbp1 mutants, are sensitive to hydroxyurea and the DNA-damaging agent methyl methane-sulfonate and are defective in the transcriptional induction of a subset of DNA damage-inducible genes. Both the sensitivity of swi6 mutants to methyl methanesulfonate and hydroxyurea and the transcriptional defect of hrr25 mutants are rescued by overexpression of SWI4, implicating the SBF complex in the Hrr25/Swi6-dependent response to DNA damage.
Absorption of Topical Cocaine in Rhinologic Procedures (1996)

Although topical intranasal cocaine remains a common anesthetic in nasal surgery, controversy surrounds its dosage and mucosal absorption. A prospective study of 12 patients undergoing nasal surgery was performed to evaluate the absorption of cocaine solution from standard cotton pledgets. Of a 160-mg cocaine solution applied, a mean amount of 102 mg or 63.8% was recovered by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Similar analysis of nasopharyngeal packs revealed less than 1.5% cocaine loss in the nasopharynx. Serum levels of cocaine were rarely detectable and did not correlate with either the amount of nasal absorption or time of mucosal contact. These results indicate that less than 37% of cocaine is absorbed from cotton pledgets during nasal surgery. The cocaine dose of 160 mg, used by many otolaryngologists, did not result in significant plasma levels.