gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences in myeloperoxidase activity from neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes of differing density: relationship to selective exocytosis of distinct forms of the enzyme (1983)

Elicited murine neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were fractionated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation into high density (HD) and intermediate density (ID) populations. As described in the accompanying article HD- and ID-PMN appear to represent “resting” and “activated” cell populations, respectively. Consistent with this possibility, histochemical and biochemical evidence suggested that ID- PMN were degranulated compared to HD-PMN. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the ID-PMN population showed increased sensitivity to inhibition by 3-amino- 1,2,4-triazole, and HD-PMN exhibited a 2–3-fold increase in chloride and iodide oxidation per unit of MPO activity compared to ID-PMN. When HD-PMN were induced to degranulate in vitro, the remaining cell- associated MPO displayed enzymatic properties characteristic of the activity associated with ID-PMN. The mechanism of this phenomenon was also investigated in vitro using purified human peripheral blood PMN and the synthetic chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl- phenylalanine. Differences in cell-associated MPO activity were shown to be related to selective exocytosis of enzymatically and chromatographically distinct forms of the enzyme. These data indicate that, in addition to the well known selective exocytosis of specific and azurophilic granules induced by various agents, selectivity may also occur at the level of enzymatically distinct forms of a particular granule enzyme. Moreover, our observations provide further evidence that density differences may be utilized to fractionate and study the generation of functionally distinct subpopulations of PMN that arise in vivo as well as in vitro following exposure to various stimuli.
A method for enlarging the Kerr constant of polymer-stabilised blue phases (2009)

Polymer-stabilised blue phase (PSBP) is one of the most promising materials for display devices because of its superior electro-optical properties compared with conventional nematics. However, the application of the PSBP has a serious practical issue in that the driving voltage required is too high to drive with thin film transitors, that is, the magnitude of the Kerr constant of PSBPs is insufficient. We present a useful method for increasing the Kerr constant based on the control of polymer aggregation structure using a cross-linker with a chiral structure. The director distortion arising from polymer networks in the PSBP seems to be responsible for the resulting improvement.
Inhibition of the Discoloration of Polyurethane Foam Caused by Ultraviolet Light (1993)

The discoloration of polyurethane foam by UV light can result in a product that is less aesthetically pleasing and can give the impression that the product has physi cally degraded. Discoloration prior to wrapping and/or fabrication can result in rejected orders or increased scrap from trimming away discolored surfaces.
Ohmic Contact of Pt/Au on Hydrogen-Terminated Single Crystal Diamond (2019)

In this study, contact properties of platinum/gold (Pt/Au) on the surface of hydrogen-terminated single crystal diamond (H-SCD) were studied with several treatment conditions. The electrodes of Pt (20 nm)/Au (100 nm) were deposited on H-SCD surface by electron beam evaporation technique. Then, the specific contact resistance (ρc) of the as-fabricated sample was measured by the circular transmission line model, which showed good ohmic properties with the value of 5.65 × 10−4 Ω·cm2. To identify the thermal stability of Pt/Au/H-SCD, the sample was annealed in hydrogen ambient from 200 to 700 °C for 20 min at each temperature. As the temperature increased, ρc demonstrated better thermal stability. In addition, the barrier height was evaluated to be −0.67 ± 0.12 eV by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique.
Location of Chlorophyll in <i>Rhodospirillum rubrum</i> (1965)

Holt, Stanley C. (University of California, Davis), and Allen G. Marr. Location of chlorophyll in Rhodospirillum rubrum. J. Bacteriol. 89:1402-1412. 1965.-If cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum are broken by sonic and ballistic disruption, the chlorophyll is not found in discrete cytoplasmic structures, but is located in a more extensive structure of the cell, the intracytoplasmic membrane. Direct electron microscopy of sonically disrupted cells of R. rubrum and stereo-electron microscopy of osmotically shocked cells reveal the presence of a tubular network of internal membranes originating from the periphery of the cell.
Structure of the HCMV UL16-MICB Complex Elucidates Select Binding of a Viral Immunoevasin to Diverse NKG2D Ligands (2010)

The activating immunoreceptor NKG2D promotes elimination of infected or malignant cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes through engagement of stress-induced MHC class I-related ligands. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded immunoevasin UL16 subverts NKG2D-mediated immune responses by retaining a select group of diverse NKG2D ligands inside the cell. We report here the crystal structure of UL16 in complex with the NKG2D ligand MICB at 1.8 A resolution, revealing the molecular basis for the promiscuous, but highly selective, binding of UL16 to unrelated NKG2D ligands. The immunoglobulin-like UL16 protein utilizes a three-stranded beta-sheet to engage the alpha-helical surface of the MHC class I-like MICB platform domain. Intriguingly, residues at the center of this beta-sheet mimic a central binding motif employed by the structurally unrelated C-type lectin-like NKG2D to facilitate engagement of diverse NKG2D ligands. Using surface plasmon resonance, we find that UL16 binds MICB, ULBP1, and ULBP2 with similar affinities that lie in the nanomolar range (12-66 nM). The ability of UL16 to bind its ligands depends critically on the presence of a glutamine (MICB) or closely related glutamate (ULBP1 and ULBP2) at position 169. An arginine residue at this position however, as found for example in MICA or ULBP3, would cause steric clashes with UL16 residues. The inability of UL16 to bind MICA and ULBP3 can therefore be attributed to single substitutions at key NKG2D ligand locations. This indicates that selective pressure exerted by viral immunoevasins such as UL16 contributed to the diversification of NKG2D ligands.
An efficient approach to construct benzisothiazol-3(2H)-ones via copper-catalyzed consecutive reaction of 2-halobenzamides and carbon disulfide (2016)

An efficient copper-catalyzed reaction for the synthesis of benzisothiazol-3(2H)-ones has been developed, starting from easily available 2-halobenzamides and carbon disulfide, which gave the corresponding target products in 30-89% yield for 25 examples. The reaction proceeds via a consecutive process with S-C bond and S-N bond formation.
The Treatment of Prostate Cancer. . An Overview of Current Options (2001)

The availability of several therapeutic options for localized prostate cancer warrants careful consideration when planning treatment with curative intent. Patients need to be active participants in decision making, and they must be aware of the benefits and possible complications of the different types of treatment. Patients with advanced prostate cancer need to be aware that hormone treatment will provide temporization and palliation in the majority of cases. Hormone-resistant prostate cancer is refractory to most forms of conventional and experimental therapy.
Biochemical properties of Ha-ras encoded p21 mutants and mechanism of the autophosphorylation reaction. (1988)

Kinetic studies performed on p21H guanine nucleotide complexes with and without Mg2+ show that point mutations at positions 12, 59, and 61 each have a different effect on the rate of nucleotide dissociation. Double mutants with a combination of these amino acid substitutions reveal that the effects of each mutation on these kinetics are interactive (nonadditive) for positions 12 and 59 and approximately additive for the positions 12 and 61. The magnitude and direction of the effects seen are dependent on the nature of the nucleotide and whether or not the complexes contain Mg2+. All the mutants have reduced GTPase activity. It is also shown that the autophosphorylation reaction velocity is of first order with respect to the protein concentration and that this reaction is an intramolecular one, which takes place as a side reaction of the GTPase reaction. The autophosphorylation is not reversible under the experimental conditions. The covalently bound phosphate does not decrease the nucleotide-binding ability of the protein nor does it change the relative affinity of the protein for GTP versus GDP. The results are discussed in terms of the structural model and function of p21H.
Mobile real-time communications in FDDI networks (2002)

We propose an architecture of FDDI-based mobile networks and address issues that arise in providing real-time communication services on such networks. A wide range of problems concerning synchronous bandwidth management and quality of service guarantee are identified. To solve these problems, we present a dynamic bandwidth management scheme, a source handoff protocol and two approaches to handling destination handoffs. These schemes make handoffs transparent to mobile users; no degradation in quality of service will be observed during handoffs. The proposed solutions are compatible with the FDDI standards.
Yesterday's Newspaper, Tomorrow's Fruit Tray (1993)

Recycling waste paper has proved a significant export earner for forestry giant Carter Holt Harvey. But as Bob Hill reports, recycling is still subject to market forces.
State of South Dakota's child: 1998. (1999)

Births in South Dakota again decreased in 1997, continuing an ongoing trend that began in 1980. Progress in 1997 was noted in the use of first trimester prenatal care and the rate of low birth weight in the State remained lower than that observed nationally. The State's infant mortality rate for 1997 showed a continuation of the favorable shift in rates of the last decade that was initiated with the progress observed in 1996. Smoking and drinking during pregnancy is higher in South Dakota than noted nationally. How and why substance abuse prevention efforts must begin during childhood is discussed in this review. Currently, the rates of smoking and alcohol use are higher among South Dakota teens than noted nationally, and have increased over the past six years. Approaches to preventing substance abuse for the sake of the health and well being of youth and their potential future children are presented.
Cyclic RGD peptide-modified liposomal drug delivery system for targeted oral apatinib administration: enhanced cellular uptake and improved therapeutic effects (2017)

Apatinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which selectively targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and has the potential to treat many tumors therapeutically. Cyclic arginylglycylaspartic acid (cRGD)- and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified liposomes (cRGD-Lipo-PEG) were constructed to act as a targeted delivery system for the delivery of apatinib to the human colonic cancer cell line, HCT116. These cRGD-modified liposomes specifically recognized integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> and exhibited greater uptake efficiency with respect to delivering liposomes into HCT116 cells when compared to nontargeted liposomes (Lipo-PEG), as well as greater death of tumor cells and apoptosis. The mechanism by which cRGD-Lipo-PEG targets cells was elucidated further with competition assays. To determine the anticancer efficacy in vivo, nude mice were implanted with HCT116 xenografts and treated with apatinib-loaded liposomes or free apatinib intravenously or via intragastric administration. The active and passive targeting of cRGD-Lipo-PEG led to significant tumor treatment targeting ability, better inhibition of tumor growth, and less toxicity when compared with treatments using uncombined apatinib. The results presented strongly support the case for cRGD-Lipo-PEG representing a targeted delivery system for apatinib in the treatment of colonic cancer.
Initial Observations on the Free Droplet Combustion Characteristics of Water-In-Fuel Emulsions† (1979)

A new mechanical technique for the production of well characterized small diameter isolated free droplets of multi-component and emulsified liquids is described. The technique is employed in development of an experimental facility to generate, inject, and combust free droplets of liquid fuels in a well defined, hot convective atmosphere. Initial observations of the burning characteristics of isolated free droplets of water in pure n-paraffin emulsions are reported. The existence of free droplet secondary atomization and the importance of fuel physical characteristics, water content, and internal phase structure to optimizing this phenomenon are confirmed. Observations are found to be in agreement with earlier predictions of the required internal phase super heat (Avedisian and Andres, 1978) and results suggest previously published suspended droplet combustion data on emulsified fuels to be of limited quantitative value. Observations are compared with the prediction of and physical models used in recent analytical studies of water-in-pure fuel emulsion droplet combustion.
Multimodal fusion using learned text concepts for image categorization (2006)

Conventional image categorization techniques primarily rely on low-level visual cues. In this paper, we describe a multimodal fusion scheme which improves the image classification accuracy by incorporating the information derived from the embedded texts detected in the image under classification. Specific to each image category, a text concept is first learned from a set of labeled texts in images of the target category using Multiple Instance Learning [1]. For an image under classification which contains multiple detected text lines, we calculate a weighted Euclidian distance between each text line and the learned text concept of the target category. Subsequently, the minimum distance, along with low-level visual cues, are jointly used as the features for SVM-based classification. Experiments on a challenging image database demonstrate that the proposed fusion framework achieves a higher accuracy than the state-of-art methods for image classification.
Hybrid Estimation of Complex Systems (2004)

Modern automated systems evolve both continuously and discretely, and hence require estimation techniques that go well beyond the capability of a typical Kalman Filter. Multiple model (MM) estimation schemes track these system evolutions by applying a bank of filters, one for each discrete system mode. Modern systems, however, are often composed of many interconnected components that exhibit rich behaviors, due to complex, system-wide interactions. Modeling these systems leads to complex stochastic hybrid models that capture the large number of operational and failure modes. This large number of modes makes a typical MM estimation approach infeasible for online estimation. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of MM estimation, and then introduces an alternative hybrid estimation scheme that can efficiently estimate complex systems with large number of modes. It utilizes search techniques from the toolkit of model-based reasoning in order to focus the estimation on the set of most likely modes, without missing symptoms that might be hidden amongst the system noise. In addition, we present a novel approach to hybrid estimation in the presence of unknown behavioral modes. This leads to an overall hybrid estimation scheme for complex systems that robustly copes with unforeseen situations in a degraded, but fail-safe manner.
THE EFFECT OF BACTERIAL CELL LYSIS AND OF PLANT EXTRACTS ON CELLULOSE PRODUCTION BY ACETOBACTER XYLINUM (1963)

The production of cellulose by lysozyme lysates of Acetobacter xylinum is similar to that of a suspension of whole cells, in contrast to the negative results obtained with previous "cell-free" preparations. The results of differential centrifugation of these lysates suggests that most of the enzymes required for cellulose synthesis from glucose normally are held by the cell envelope and are not located in the cytoplasm. However, a heat-stable cofactor(s) is present in the supernatant derived from the cell contents which may stimulate cellulose synthesis by the cell envelopes.The addition of extracts from a number of plant sources increased cellulose synthesis by whole cells of A. xylinum. In particular, the supernatant prepared by centrifugation of an homogenate of tomatoes increased bacterial cellulose production at pH 6 by a factor of 3. Both dialyzable and non-dialyzable substances in the extract are responsible. Fractionation of the non-dialyzable portion of the extract by column chromatography suggests that the overall increase is due to additive effects of several compounds. Here also the compounds appear to act upon the bacterial cell envelope.
Cationic bactericidal peptide 1018 does not specifically target the stringent response alarmone (p)ppGpp (2016)

The bacterial stringent response is a key regulator of bacterial virulence, biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance, and is a promising target for the development of new antibacterial compounds. The intracellular nucleotide (p)ppGpp acts as a messenger orchestrating the stringent response. A synthetic peptide 1018 was recently proposed to specifically disrupt biofilms by inhibiting the stringent response via direct interaction with (p)ppGpp (de la Fuente-Núñez et al. (2014) PLoS Pathogens). We have interrogated the specificity of the proposed molecular mechanism. When inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa planktonic and biofilm growth is tested simultaneously in the same assay, peptides 1018 and the control peptide 8101 generated by an inversion of the amino acid sequence of 1018 are equally potent, and, importantly, do not display a preferential activity against biofilm. 1018 inhibits planktonic growth of Escherichia coli equally efficiently either when the alleged target, (p)ppGpp, is essential (MOPS media lacking amino acid L-valine), or dispensable for growth (MOPS media supplemented with L-valine). Genetic disruption of the genes relA and spoT responsible for (p)ppGpp synthesis moderately sensitizes - rather than protects - E. coli to 1018. We suggest that the antimicrobial activity of 1018 does not rely on specific recognition of the stringent response messenger (p)ppGpp.
Planning in Time: Windows and Durations for Activities and Goals (1983)

A general purpose automated planner/scheduler is described which generates parallel plans to achieve goals with imposed time con-straints. Both durations and start time windows may be specified for sets of goal conditions. The parallel plans consist of not just actions but also of events (triggered by circumstances), inferences, and scheduled events (completely beyond the actor's control). Deterministic dura-tions of all such activities are explicitly modeled, and may be any com-putable function of the activity variables. A start time window for each activity in the plan is updated dynamically during plan generation, in order to maintain consistency with the windows and durations of adja-cent activities and goals. The plans are tailored around scheduled events. The final plan network resembles a PERT chart. From this a schedule of nominal start times for each activity is generated. Ex-amples are drawn from the traditional blocksworld and also from a real-istic ``Spaceworld,'' in which an autonomous spacecraft photographs objects in deep space and transmits the information to Earth. The author is with the Information Systems Research Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109.
Synandrogenic and Antiandrogenic Effect of Progestins: Comparison with Nonprogestational Antiandrogens<sup>1</sup> (1974)

Preliminary studies indicated that low doses of cyproterone acetate (Cyp Ac) potentiated the action of testosterone on mouse kidney. This unexpected observation prompted a more extensive evaluation of several progestins (progesterone, progesterone caproate, Cyp Ac, medroxyprogesterone acetate and megestrol acetate) as well as nonprogestational antiandrogens (flutamide, BOMT, cyproterone). The effects of these agents, both alone and in combination with testosterone, on the kidney arid male reproductive tract of the mouse were determined. Testosterone (0.1 mg/day) resulted in a 2- to 5-fold increase in kidney β3-glucuronidase activity after 6 days of treatment. Of the progestins tested, only medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and megestrol acetate stimulated β-glucuronidase in the kidney. Androgen-insensitive (tfm/y) mice with defective androgen receptors did not respond to high doses of MPA, suggesting that androgens and progestins share a common mechanism of action on kidney. With the exception of progesterone, all the progestins studied potentiated testosterone action on kidney but not on prostate or preputial glands. The dose required to elicit this synergism varied with the progestin. Cyp Ac was the most potent in this regard with 0.1–0.5 mg/day potentiating and 1.0–10 mg/day inhibiting testosterone (0.1 mg/day) action. Megestrol acetate, like Cyp Ac, had both a syn- and antiandrogenic effect. That the synandrogenic action of these compounds was. related to their progestational ratjier than their antiandrogenic activities was suggested by the observations that none of the 3 nonprogestational antiandrogens tested potentiated androgen action. The evidence from this and other studies suggests that progestins may simulate the effects of androgens on some tissues by interaction with the androgen receptor directly or after biotransformation to C19 steroids: More importantly, however, progestins can modify androgen action by either potentiation or inhibition. It is possible that both the synandrogenic and the antiandrogenic activity of progestins may be explained by their interaction with the androgen receptor. To accommodate this hypothesis, it is necessary to postulate that the androgen receptor is an allosteric protein with multiple binding sites which will accept both androgens and progestins. (Endocrinology95: 1589 1974)
<title>Indexes for user access to large video databases</title> (1994)

Video-on-Demand systems have received a good deal of attention recently. Few studies, however, have addressed the problem of locating a video of interest in a large video database. This paper describes the design and implementation of a metadata database and query interface that attempts to solve this information retrieval problem.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Capture database semantics by rule induction (2002)

To capture database characteristics, a knowledge-based entity-relationship (KER) model is proposed to extend the basic ER model by P.P.S. Chen (see ACM Trans. Database Syst., vol.1, no.1 (1976)) to provide knowledge specification capability. The knowledge specification capability allows database characteristics to be specified and maintained with each object definition. In the KER model, each entity or relationship has its specific characteristics. These characteristics can be classified into intraobject knowledge and interobject knowledge. Intraobject knowledge specifies how an object instance belongs to an entity type, and interobject knowledge describes how objects are correlated with each other when they are bounded by the same relationship. Instances of the database objects have to follow these rules since each database state is an instance of the application. Therefore, semantic knowledge can be induced from the database instances by machine learning based on the schema specified in the KER model. A knowledge acquisition methodology that is based upon the KER Model and machine learning techniques is developed to induce the database characteristics knowledge from the database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>