gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calpactins: two distinct Ca++-regulated phospholipid- and actin-binding proteins isolated from lung and placenta. (1987)

Three forms of calpactin, the 36,000 Mr Ca++-binding cytoskeletal protein, were isolated in large amounts from bovine lung and human placenta using cycles of calcium-dependent precipitation followed by solubilization with EGTA-containing buffers. Calpactin-I as a tetramer of heavy (36 kD) and light (11 kD) chains was the predominant form of calpactin isolated, however milligram amounts of the calpactin-I heavy chain monomer and calpactin-II, a related but distinct molecule, were also isolated by this method. Calpactin-II was characterized in some detail and found to bind two Ca++ ions with Kd's of 10 microM in the presence of phosphatidylserine. Both calpactin-I and -II were found to aggregate liposomes at micromolar Ca++ concentrations, suggesting that at least two phospholipid-binding sites are present on these molecules. Both calpactin monomers bind to and bundle actin filament at high (1 mM) but not low (less than 1 microM) Ca++ concentrations. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of a lower molecular mass variant of calpactin-II revealed that this protein was the previously identified human "lipocortin" molecule. Antibodies were elicited to calpactin-I and -II and the cell and subcellular distribution of each was compared. Calpactin-II was only present at high levels in tissues (lung, placenta) which contained high levels of calpactin-I. Other tissues (intestine) contained high calpactin-I and undetectable levels of calpactin-II. Double-label immunofluorescence microscopy on human fibroblasts revealed that, like calpactin-I, calpactin-II is present in a submembraneous reticular network, although the distribution of the two calpactins is not identical.
Differential regulation of the dual-specificity protein-tyrosine phosphatases CL100, B23, and PAC1 in mesangial cells. (1997)

The extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), the best described MAP kinase cascade, is a major signaling system by which cells transduce extracellular cues into intracellular responses. ERK is activated by phosphorylation both on tyrosine and threonine residues. Therefore, a new clas of protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) that exhibit dual catalytic activity toward both regulatory sites on ERK is of special interest in the control of intracellular signaling. This study examined the expression and regulation of the dual-specificity PTPases CL100, B23, and PAC1. Findings included differential expression of these phosphatases in diverse cell lines and an expression of all three dual-specificity PTPases in human mesangial cells (HMC), thereby allowing investigation of their regulation in a single cell line. The MEK antagonist PD 098059 and selective extracellular agonists of ERK were used to demonstrate the induction of CL100, PAC1, and B23 in response to activation of the ERK cascade. In contrast, anisomycin, an agonist of the recently described MAP kinases stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and p38 MAP kinase, stimulated CL100 gene expression but had little effect on PAC1 and B23. This effect of anisomycin was partly inhibited in the presence of the p38 MAP kinase antagonist SB 203580. This study suggests a potential mechanism to regulate ERK activity through feedback inhibition by demonstrating the ERK cascade's induction of the dual-specificity PTPases CL100, PAC1, and B23. Moreover, this study suggests an ERK-independent induction of CL100 following stimulation of SAPK and p38 MAP kinase. This mode of induction of a phosphatase capable of inactivating ERK may play an important role in the cellular stress response.
Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid levels and markers of accelerated brain aging (2012)

Lower RBC DHA levels are associated with smaller brain volumes and a "vascular" pattern of cognitive impairment even in persons free of clinical dementia.
The V5 domain of protein kinase C plays a critical role in determining the isoform-specific localization, translocation, and biological function of protein kinase C-delta and -epsilon. (2004)

The catalytic domain of overexpressed protein kinase C (PKC)-delta mediates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced differentiation or apoptosis in appropriate model cell lines. To define the portions of the catalytic domain that are critical for these isozyme-specific functions, we constructed reciprocal chimeras, PKC-delta/epsilonV5 and -epsilon/deltaV5, by swapping the V5 domains of PKC-delta and -epsilon. PKC-delta/epsilonV5 failed to mediate PMA-induced differentiation of 32D cells, showing the essential nature of the V5 domain for PKC-delta's functionality. The other chimera, PKC-epsilon/deltaV5, endowed inactive PKC-epsilon with nearly all PKC-delta's apoptotic ability, confirming the importance of PKC-delta in this function. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged PKC-deltaV5 and -epsilon/deltaV5 in A7r5 cells showed substantial basal nuclear localization, while GFP-tagged PKC-epsilon and -delta/epsilonV5 showed significantly less, indicating that the V5 region of PKC-delta contains determinants critical to its nuclear distribution. PKC-epsilon/deltaV5-GFP showed much slower kinetics of translocation to membranes in response to PMA than parental PKC-epsilon, implicating the PKC-epsilonV5 domain in membrane targeting. Thus, the V5 domain is critical in several of the isozyme-specific functions of PKC-delta and -epsilon.
The proliferating cell nuclear antigen regulates retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activity through direct protein-protein interaction (2005)

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) interact, in a ligand-dependent fashion, with many coregulators that participate in a wide spectrum of biological responses, ranging from embryonic development to cellular growth control. The transactivating function of these ligand-inducible transcription factors reside mainly, but not exclusively, in their ligand-binding domain (AF2), which recruits or dismiss coregulators in a ligand-dependent fashion. However, little is known about AF2-independent function(s) of RARs. We have isolated the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a repressor of RAR transcriptional activity, able to interact with an AF2-crippled RAR. The N-terminus of PCNA interacts directly with the DNA-binding domain of RAR, and PCNA is recruited to a retinoid-regulated promoter in intact cells. This interaction affects the transcriptional response to retinoic acid in a promoter-specific manner, conferring an unanticipated role to PCNA in transcriptional regulation. Our findings also suggest a role for RAR as a factor coordinating DNA transcription and repair.
Flexible Syntheses of Tripodal Phosphine Ligands 1,1,2-Tris(diarylphosphino)ethane and Their Ruthenium η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub> Complexes (2012)

A series of four tripodal polyphosphine ligands (PAr2)2CHCH2PAr2 (1a–d) were synthesized and coordinated to ruthenium to produce the complexes [Ru(η5-C5Me5)((PAr2)2CHCH2PAr2)]PF6 (2a–d) (Ar = phenyl (a), p-tolyl (b), o-tolyl (c), m-xylyl (d)). The 1,1,2-tris(diarylphosphino)ethane compounds were generated in a novel trisubstitution reaction of diarylphosphorylacetaldehyde diethyl acetal, a useful synthetic precursor that was used previously for the synthesis of phosphonium dimers. The tridentate ligands were subsequently combined with the ruthenium(II) precursor Ru(η5-C5Me5)(1,5-COD)Cl, in order to probe the coordination geometry of 1a–d. The resulting complexes 2a–d displayed piano-stool type structures where the phosphine ligands were coordinated in a fac geometry. Despite the large steric bulk of the ligands, as well as the ring strain caused by the formation of a four-membered ring and two five-membered rings with the ruthenium center, complexes 2a–d were quite stable. The ruthenium salts were air and moisture stable and did not react with CO, H2, or NaBH4, even at elevated temperatures.
CAD model construction from CMM and laser scanning data for reverse engineering. (2001)

In this work, the strengths and weaknesses of constructing CAD models from coordinate measuring machines (CMM) and laser scanned data are examined, through case studies, and shown to be the complement of one another. This justifies the development of a reverse engineering system that combines CMM and laser scanning data in efficiently accommodating a much wider range of applications. Such a system definition is contained herein for a DEA Mistral CMM and Hymarc Hyscan 45C laser scanner. In a combined approach, data collected using CMM and laser scanning must be transformed into a common coordinate system. This data set combination, or registration, is facilitated by digitizing prismatic datum artifacts along with the part. The dominant uncertainty in this process lies in determining the location and orientation of these artifacts, relative to the part, for each data set. A new approach was developed to control this uncertainty in the CMM sampling of manufactured primitives. Focusing on planes, a series of fractional factorial experiments were conducted. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)Dept. of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2001 .R65. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-03, page: 0766. Adviser: Waguih ElMaraghy. Thesis (M.A.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2001.
Inhibition of Topoisomerases by Fatty Acids (2000)

The inhibitory effects of various fatty acids on topoisomerases were examined, and their structure activity relationships and mechanism of action were studied. Saturated fatty acids (C6:0 to C22:0) did not inhibit topoisomerase I, but cis-unsaturated fatty acids (C16:1 to C22:1) with one double bond showed strong inhibition of the enzyme. The inhibitory potency depended on the carbon chain length and the position of the double bond in the fatty acid molecule. The trans-isomer, methyl ester and hydroxyl derivative of oleic acid had no or little inhibitory effect on topoisomerases I and II. Among the compounds studied petroselinic acid and vaccenic acid (C18:1) with a cis-double bond were the potent inhibitors. Petroselinic acid was a topoisomerase inhibitor of the cleavable complex-nonforming type and acted directly on the enzyme molecule in a noncompetitive manner without DNA intercalation.
Chemotherapy induces regression of brain metastases in breast carcinoma (1986)

This study improves treatment options and ultimately survival by using systemic chemotherapy in brain metastases from breast carcinoma, since most of these patients have disseminated disease and a dismal prognosis when treated by conventional brain irradiation alone. One hundred consecutive patients with symptomatic brain metastases documented by radionuclide and/or computerized tomography scan were treated with systemic chemotherapy. Fifty of 100 patients demonstrated an objective response of brain metastases which was similar for extracranial metastases. There were 10 complete responders (CR), 40 partial responders (PR), 9 stable, and 41 nonresponders. Median duration of remission was 10+ months for CR and 7 months for PR (range, 2-72 months). Primary chemotherapy of brain metastases yielded responses in 27 of 52 patients (52%) treated with Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) (C), 5-fluorouracil (F) and prednisone (P); 19 of 35 (54%) receiving CFP-methotrexate (M) and vincristine (V); 3 of 7 (43%) treated with MVP, and 1 of 6 (17%) receiving Cytoxan plus Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (CA). Thirteen of 35 patients (37%) who subsequently had relapse of brain metastases were retreated successfully with secondary chemotherapy. The median survival for CR and PR was 39.5 months and 10.5 months, respectively, in contrast with nonresponder patients who had a median survival of 1.5 months. Thirty-one percent of all treated patients survived more than 12 months. These findings suggest that the chemotherapeutic agents used penetrate the blood-brain barrier inducing regression of brain metastases. This approach offers a significant benefit by simultaneously controlling extracranial disease, improving the response and prolonging survival.
Fractionation of Amyloid β‐Protein (Aβ) in Alzheimer's Disease and Down's Syndrome Brains (1996)

To investigate the early stage of beta-amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we performed sucrose density gradient fractionation of amyloid beta-protein (A beta) deposited in cerebral cortices from AD and Down's syndrome patients and normal aged individuals. Each fraction was subjected to Western blotting with monoclonal antibodies BA27 and BC05, which specifically recognize A beta 40 and A beta 42, respectively. The samples from brains with a large number of diffuse plaques showed strong BC05 immunoreactivity at the 1.0/1.2 M (F1) and 1.2/1.5 M (F2) interfaces. In contrast, in brains with advanced AD pathology, most of the BC05 immunoreactivity was recovered at the 1.5/2.0 M (F3) interface. In all cases, the level of BA27 immunoreactivity was negligible. Although F1A beta was determined to be A beta 1-42, it was only weakly reactive with BAN50 (monoclonal antibody raised against A beta 1-16). Delipidation of F1A beta restored full BAN50 immunoreactivity, indicating that F1A beta is bound to membrane. The present results suggest that diffuse plaques are associated with this membrane-bound A beta and thus that this novel A beta species is an initially deposited one.
Leerkrachten vinden meisjes taalvaardiger. (Voor)oordelen over de taalvaardigheid Nederlands van autochtone en allochtone jongens (2002)

In this paper we investigated, with 90 Dutch L1 and L2 children in Special Education, whether differences in Dutch language proficiency could be found between boys and girls, and whether the outcomes are in line with the evaluations of the teachers about the proficiency of these boys and girls. From the different proficiency tests (on articulation, vocabulary, and morphological, syntactical and textual abilities) and the spontaneous speech analyses (on the same aspects of proficiency) no differences between boys and girls emerge. However, the teachers evaluate the girls, in particular the Dutch L1 girls, significantly more proficient than they are according to the tests and spontaneous speech data, and they evaluate the boys, in particular the Dutch L2 boys, significantly lower than they perform on the tests and spontaneous speech data. In the final section some explanations are discussed why teachers think that girls are more proficient than boys.
An implementation of a 32-bit ARM processor using dual power supplies and dual threshold voltages (2003)

With the explosion of portable electronic devices, power efficient processors have become increasingly important. In this paper we present a set of circuit techniques to implement a 32-bit low-power ARM processor, found commonly in embedded systems, using a six metal layer 0.18 /spl mu/m TSMC process. Our methodology is based on Clustered Voltage Scaling (CVS) and dual-V/sub th/ techniques aiming to reduce both dynamic power and static power simultaneously.
Individuality of handwriting: a validation study (2002)

Motivated by several rulings in United States courts concerning expert testimony in general and handwriting testimony in particular, we undertook a study to objectively validate the hypothesis that handwriting is individualistic. Handwriting samples of 1500 individuals, representative of the US population with respect to gender, age, ethnic groups, etc., were obtained. Analyzing differences in handwriting was done by using computer algorithms for extracting features from scanned images of handwriting. Attributes characteristic of the handwriting were obtained, e.g., line separation, slant, character shapes, etc. These attributes, which are a subset of attributes used by expert document examiners, were used to quantitatively establish individuality by using machine learning approaches. Using global attributes of handwriting and very few characters in the writing, the ability to determine the writer with a high degree of confidence was established. The work is a step towards providing scientific support for admitting handwriting evidence in court. The mathematical approach and the resulting software also have the promise of aiding the expert document examiner.
Two Novel Cyclopentadithiophene-Based Alternating Copolymers as Potential Donor Components for High-Efficiency Bulk-Heterojunction-Type Solar Cells (2008)

Polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunctions have recently generated a lot of scientific interest due to their potential in low-cost photovoltaic applications. In this paper we detail the synthesis and characterization of two new low-band-gap polythiophenes, poly[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-4,7-bis(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-5′,5′′-diyl] (PCPDTTBTT) and poly[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-2,3-dioctylquinoxaline-5,8-diyl] (PCPDTQ), for use in these applications. The PCPDTQ polymer did not produce efficient solar cells. A high power efficiency of 2.1% under one sun was found for a PCPDTTBTT/fullerene mixture. The high efficiency was achieved by alteration of the morphology using a solvent additive. Analysis of atomic force microscopy phase images shows that material phases with distinct mixing ratios are formed and altered with the addition of the solvent additive.
The retrieval of ancient human DNA sequences. (1996)

DNA was extracted from approximately 600-year-old human remains found at an archaeological site in the southwestern United States, and mtDNA fragments were amplified by PCR. When these fragments were sequenced directly, multiple sequences seemed to be present. From three representative individuals, DNA fragments of different lengths were quantified and short overlapping amplification products cloned. When amplifications started from <40 molecules, clones contained several different sequences. In contrast, when they were initiated by a few thousand molecules, unambiguous and reproducible results were achieved. These results show that more experimental work than is often applied is necessary to ensure that DNA sequences amplified from ancient human remains are authentic. In particular, quantitation of the numbers of amplifiable molecules is a useful tool to determine the role of contaminating contemporary molecules and PCR errors in amplifications from ancient DNA.
Integration, inference, and management of spatial information using Bayesian networks: perceptual organization (1993)

The formalism of Bayesian networks provides a very elegant solution, in a probabilistic framework, to the problem of integrating top-down and bottom-up visual processes, as well serving as a knowledge base. The formalism is modified to handle spatial data, and thus the application of Bayesian networks is extended to visual processing. The modified form is called the perceptual inference network (PIN). The theoretical background of a PIN is presented, and its viability is demonstrated in the context of perceptual organization. Perceptual organization imparts robustness, efficiency, and a qualitative and holistic nature to vision. Thus far, the approaches to the problem of perceptual organization have been purely bottom up, without much top-down knowledge-base influence, and are therefore entirely dependent on the inputs, which are obviously imperfect. The knowledge base, besides coping with such input imperfection, also makes it possible to integrate multiple organizations and form a composite organization hypothesis. The PIN imparts an active inferential and integrating nature to perceptual organization in an elegant probabilistic framework.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantification of a New Anti-Cancer Molecule MJC13 Using a Rapid, Sensitive, and Reliable Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method. (2014)

MJC13 is a novel molecule that has potential use for the treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). The purpose of this work was to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantification of MJC13. Itraconazole was used as the internal standard (IS). Acetonitrile was used to extract MJC13 from rat plasma and urine samples. A LC system equipped with a Waters XTerra MS C<sub>18</sub> column (125Å, 3.5 µm, 4.6×150 mm) was used for chromatographic separation with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase. The API 3200 QTRAP triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used for chromatographic analysis by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) at positive mode with the transitions <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 272→<i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 162 for MJC13, and <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 705→<i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 392 for IS. The retention times for MJC13 and IS were 4.98 min and 4.42 min, respectively. The standard curves of MJC13 in solution, rat plasma, and rat urine were linear in the concentration range of 1 - 1000, 1 - 1000 and 1 - 200 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day accuracy (relative error) ranged from 1.99 - 4.20% and 1.83 - 4.39%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision (coefficient of variation) ranged from 2.27 - 3.88% and 2.80 - 4.79%, respectively. The extraction recovery rates of rat plasma and urine samples were 95.3% and 96.2%, respectively. No measurable matrix effect interfered with MJC13 identification and quantification in rat plasma and urine. In summary, a rapid, specific, sensitive, and reproducible LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify MJC13 in solution, rat plasma, and rat urine.