gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Property of single-crystalline Si TFTs fabricated with μ-Czochralski (grain filter) process (2003)

Formation of TFTs inside location-controlled large Si grains with a low temperature process is an attractive approach for realizing system-circuit integration with displays on a large glass substrate. Local structural variations of the substrate using photolithography allows an accurate location-control of the large Si grains in excimer-laser crystallization. Single-crystalline Si (c-Si) TFTs was formed inside a location-controlled large (6 μm) grain by μ-Czochraski process of a-Si film. The c-Si TFTs showed field effect mobility of 450 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs on average. Crystallization characteristics, spread of the TFT characteristics and effects of process parameters will be reviewed and discussed.
Combined Speed and Steering Control in High-Speed Autonomous Ground Vehicles for Obstacle Avoidance Using Model Predictive Control (2017)

This paper presents a model predictive control-based obstacle avoidance algorithm for autonomous ground vehicles at high speed in unstructured environments. The novelty of the algorithm is its capability to control the vehicle to avoid obstacles at high speed taking into account dynamical safety constraints through a simultaneous optimization of reference speed and steering angle without a priori knowledge about the environment and without a reference trajectory to follow. Previous work in this specific context optimized only the steering command. In this paper, obstacles are detected using a planar light detection and ranging sensor. A multi-phase optimal control problem is then formulated to simultaneously optimize the reference speed and steering angle within the detection range. Vehicle acceleration capability as a function of speed, as well as stability and handling concerns such as preventing wheel lift-off, are included as constraints in the optimization problem, whereas the cost function is formulated to navigate the vehicle as quickly as possible with smooth control commands. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of safely exploiting the dynamic limits of the vehicle while navigating the vehicle through sensed obstacles of different sizes and numbers. It is also shown that the proposed variable speed formulation can significantly improve performance by allowing navigation of obstacle fields that would otherwise not be cleared with steering control alone.
Use of Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen-1 in Targeted Therapy of EBV-Associated Neoplasia (1996)

To target expression of toxic genes to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumor cells, we have developed an EBV-driven enzyme prodrug system (EDEPS) that takes advantage of the trans-activating properties of EBNA1, a latent protein expressed in all EBV-containing cells, to direct expression of cytosine deaminase (CD) at high levels in those cells only. Plasmids were constructed in which the CD gene or a luciferase reporter gene were cloned downstream of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) promoter and the family of repeats (FR) sequence from the oriP region of EBV. Analysis of luciferase activity after transient transfection into a panel of EBV-negative or -positive human cell lines showed that the presence of the FR element enhanced transcription from the tk promoter in all EBV-positive cell lines, whereas transcription from tk was repressed in all EBV-negative cell lines, including B, T, and fibroblast cell lines. In clonogenicity assays following transfection with the CD vector, the presence of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) in the culture medium completely abolished cell growth in EBV-positive cell lines, but did not affect the growth of EBV-negative cell lines. This vector system should have wide applicability in that it allows targeted expression of any gene of interest to tumors that carry EBV, irrespective of the role EBV plays in their pathogenesis.
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (2007)

1,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) is a versatile organic reagent. It is a powerful dehydrating agent commonly used for the preparation of amides, [1] [2] esters, [3] and anhydrides. [4] It can also be used with dimethylsulfoxide for mild oxidation of alcohols to ketones and aldehydes ­(Moffatt oxidation), dehydration of hydroxy compounds, and many other reactions. Under standard conditions, DCC exists in the form of white crystals with a heavy, sweet odor. The low melting point (34 °C) of this material allows it to be melted for easy handling. DCC is highly soluble in many organic solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, or N,N′-dimethylform­amide). The main drawback of its use is the formation of N,N′-dicyclohexylurea (DCU), which partially remains in solution with the product. The low solubility of DCU in most organic solvents complicates purifications, especially in the peptide synthesis.
Free‐solution electrophoretic separations of DNA–drag‐tag conjugates on glass microchips with no polymer network and no loss of resolution at increased electric field strength (2011)

Here, we demonstrate the potential for high-resolution electrophoretic separations of ssDNA-protein conjugates in borosilicate glass microfluidic chips, with no sieving media and excellent repeatability. Using polynucleotides of two different lengths conjugated to moderately cationic protein polymer drag-tags, we measured separation efficiency as a function of applied electric field. In excellent agreement with prior theoretical predictions of Slater et al., resolution is found to remain constant as applied field is increased up to 700 V/cm, the highest field we were able to apply. This remarkable result illustrates the fundamentally different physical limitations of free-solution conjugate electrophoresis (FSCE)-based DNA separations relative to matrix-based DNA electrophoresis. ssDNA separations in "gels" have always shown rapidly declining resolution as the field strength is increased; this is especially true for ssDNA > 400 bases in length. FSCE's ability to decouple DNA peak resolution from applied electric field suggests the future possibility of ultra-rapid FSCE sequencing on chips. We investigated sources of peak broadening for FSCE separations on borosilicate glass microchips, using six different protein polymer drag-tags. For drag-tags with four or more positive charges, electrostatic and adsorptive interactions with poly(N-hydroxyethylacrylamide)-coated microchannel walls led to appreciable band-broadening, while much sharper peaks were seen for bioconjugates with nearly charge-neutral protein drag-tags.
Improvement in Human Immune Function with Changes in Intestinal Microbiota by Salacia reticulata Extract Ingestion: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (2015)

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000011732.
Hypoxia and hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a review (2018)

Hypoxia causes a cascade of activity from the level of the individual down to the regulation and function of the cell nucleus. Prolonged periods of low oxygen tension are a core feature of several disease states. Advances in the study of molecular biology have begun to bridge the gap between the cellular response to hypoxia and physiology. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a treatment for hypoxic- and inflammatory-driven conditions, in which patients are treated with 100% oxygen at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure. This review discusses hypoxia, the physiologic changes associated with hypoxia, the responses that occur in the cells during hypoxic conditions, and the role that hyperbaric oxygen therapy can play as part of the treatment for many patients suffering from diseases with underlying hypoxia.
[Epidemiological utilization of hospital data. Incidence of tumors of the bladder in the Province of Vercelli in the decade 1972-1981]. (1989)

A descriptive epidemiology study carried out with the purpose of assessing the incidence of malignant bladder cancer in the province of Vercelli is reported. 833 hospitalised cases were observed in the period 1972-1981. Incidence rates were calculated on the resident population at the date of the last two national censuses. Sex, patient age and distribution in the three areas into which the province is subdivided are illustrated and discussed and trend in incidence rates in the two five-year periods 1972-1976 and 1977-1981 reported. The standardised rates are compared with those of the provinces of Turin and Varese.
Implementation of 10gigabit packet switching using IXP network processors (2004)

Rapidly increased network services need high-performance, flexible networking devices. Network processors are being targeted at a wide range of application with varying packet processing and high-throughput requirements. This paper describes a solution to implement 10gigabit packet switching using next generation of Intel Internet exchange processors (IXPs) IXP2800. The paper includes system blocks, microarchitecture, and functional unit characteristics, and provides the performance analysis of high-speed packet processing based on IXP network processors.
Induction of Protective Immunity in Dogs to Infection with Dirofilaria Immitis Using Chemically-Abbreviated Infections (1988)

Four dogs were immunized against Dirofilaria immitis infection by a series of 3 larval infections which were each subsequently terminated by ivermectin treatment. Two control dogs received ivermectin treatment alone. Following the final ivermectin treatment, dogs were challenged with infective larvae by subcutaneous inoculation, both free and contained within diffusion chambers. Three weeks after larval challenge the chambers were removed and live larvae were enumerated. Seven months after challenge dogs were killed and necropsied to collect and count adult D. immitis. Chambers recovered from immunized dogs had 63% fewer larvae than chambers from control dogs. At necropsy, control dogs had a mean of 28.5 adult worms whereas the immunized animals had an average of 0.5 worms (range 0-2). Sera collected from immune dogs throughout the study had elevated antibody levels to third- and fourth-larval stage antigens. Significant levels of immune protection were achieved with this immunization regimen. The data suggest that a multiple-stage parasite killing occurs in immune animals. It was not possible to associate immune protection with any of the 5 antigen subsets.
Direct Maximization of Rank-Based Metrics for Information Retrieval (2005)

Ranking is an essential component for a number of tasks, such as infor-mation retrieval and collaborative ltering. It is often the case that the underlying task attempts to maximize some evaluation metric, such as mean average precision, over rankings. Most past work on learning how to rank has focused on likelihood- or margin-based approaches. In this work we explore directly maximizing rank-based metrics, which are a family of metrics that only depend on the order of ranked items. This allows us to maximize different metrics for the same training data. We show how the parameter space of linear scoring functions can be reduced to a multinomial manifold. Parameter estimation is accomplished by op-timizing the evaluation metric over the manifold. Results from ad hoc information retrieval are given that show our model yields signicant improvements in effectiveness over other approaches. 1
FET-type hydrogen sensor with short response time and high drift immunity (2017)

New methods were studied to reduce response time and threshold voltage drift of the FET-type hydrogen sensor. The advantages of the Pt-Ti-O gate over other sensor gate materials were demonstrated. Extending Langmuir's dissociative adsorption theory to non-equilibrium states enabled us to reduce the response time, and the negative gate bias operation with P-FET-type sensor reduced the drift. Thus, we successfully achieved both a response time of 0.8 s and high drift immunity.
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation: An Unexpected Outcome in C okine or T Cell Receptor Mutant Mice Minireview (1993)

three papers appear in which gene- targeted disruption of either 1 of 2 cytokine genes (KLihn et al., 1993; Sadlack et al., 1993) or several T cell receptor genes (Mombaerts et al., 1993) surprisingly produce mice that develop intestinal lesions similar to those of human inflammatory bowel disease (I BD). Thus, these mice repre- sent novel models of chronic intestinal inflammation (if not IBD itself). Before we turn to a discussion of these gene-targeted mice, however, let us first briefly review what has been learned about IBD from more conventional studies of the disease.
Preparation and Properties of Urea-Form (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of Urea-FormK. G. Clark, J. Y. Yee, K. S. Love, and T. A. BoydCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 4, 871–875Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50496a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50496a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
In vitro-derived leukemic erythroid cell lines induced by a raf- and myc-containing retrovirus differentiate in response to erythropoietin. (1988)

In vitro infection of murine fetal liver cells with a retrovirus containing v-raf and v-myc oncogenes has produced continuous lines of immature erythroid cells that are leukemogenic. These cells synthesized a factor that stimulated their growth in vitro before autonomous variants emerged. Approximately 1000 high-affinity erythropoietin receptors could be detected per cell, and the hormone induced terminal differentiation in these cells. The lines were generated at an extremely low frequency (approximately 1 in 10(7) cells), suggesting that the combination of raf and myc is insufficient to develop erythroid cell lines and that additional events are necessary for transformation.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1)-Mediated Apoptosis: New Therapeutic Targets (2014)

HIV has posed a significant challenge due to the ability of the virus to both impair and evade the host's immune system. One of the most important mechanisms it has employed to do so is the modulation of the host's native apoptotic pathways and mechanisms. Viral proteins alter normal apoptotic signaling resulting in increased viral load and the formation of viral reservoirs which ultimately increase infectivity. Both the host's pro- and anti-apoptotic responses are regulated by the interactions of viral proteins with cell surface receptors or apoptotic pathway components. This dynamic has led to the development of therapies aimed at altering the ability of the virus to modulate apoptotic pathways. These therapies are aimed at preventing or inhibiting viral infection, or treating viral associated pathologies. These drugs target both the viral proteins and the apoptotic pathways of the host. This review will examine the cell types targeted by HIV, the surface receptors exploited by the virus and the mechanisms whereby HIV encoded proteins influence the apoptotic pathways. The viral manipulation of the hosts' cell type to evade the immune system, establish viral reservoirs and enhance viral proliferation will be reviewed. The pathologies associated with the ability of HIV to alter apoptotic signaling and the drugs and therapies currently under development that target the ability of apoptotic signaling within HIV infection will also be discussed.
Hepatoprotective effects of<i>S</i>-adenosyl-L-methionine against alcohol- and cytochrome P450 2E1-induced liver injury (2010)

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) acts as a methyl donor for methylation reactions and participates in the synthesis of glutathione. SAM is also a key metabolite that regulates hepatocyte growth, differentiation and death. Hepatic SAM levels are decreased in animal models of alcohol liver injury and in patients with alcohol liver disease or viral cirrhosis. This review describes the protection by SAM against alcohol and cytochrome P450 2E1-dependent cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo and evaluates mechanisms for this protection.
The Future of Deep Brain Stimulation (2004)

During the last year, there has been an increase in the number of applications of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of several neurologic disorders. With a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of DBS, it is likely that improvement in the outcomes and an increase in the indications for these procedures will be possible. In fact, the knowledge gained with the applications of stimulation for movement disorders and pain has been leveraged toward the treatment of other disorders, including epilepsy and psychiatric conditions. This will act as a driving force to increase the efforts to improve the technology applied to design and manufacture new hardware.
ESSEX BUSINESS SCHOOL (2009)

special issue edited by him (2005b). While it is unusual for any serious academic journal to be so overexposed to one particular author, my argument in this paper is not so much about monopolisation of voice and the apparent inequalities of access to publishing outlets in the academy, but more about the quality of argumentation and scholarship portrayed in the work of Letiche. Specifically, I will engage with the paper ‘Picture Melancholy ’ (Letiche, 2005a), which appeared in a special issue – edited by Letiche (2005b) himself – of Culture and Organization, entitled ‘Artaud, the Real and the Melancholy’. In this paper, which, perhaps surprisingly, is not about Artaud at all – it doesn’t mention or reference Artaud once! – Letiche hopes to make “use of Walter Benjamin ” to “reflect on the art of Barend Blankert and his self-professed intention of rendering melancholy ” (2005a: 291). Despite the prominence of Benjamin in this paper – at least half of the paper is a direct or indirect commentary on, or ‘making use ’ of, Benjamin – Letiche only makes reference to one of Benjamin’s works, namely The Origins of German Tragic Drama (1998). So, as reader one would expect a pretty close engagement with, what has also been called, Benjamin’s ‘Baroque book’. Unfortunately, no such engagement takes place in this paper, as Letiche mainly seems to rely on second-hand readings of Benjamin, and not one direct quotation is provided to Benjamin’s text, making it very difficult for
A Location-Based Peer-to-Peer Network for Context-Aware Services in a Ubiquitous Environment (2006)

With the popularization of today’s mobile devices, the environment that enables us to publish and utilize information independent of location and time has been actualized. In the future, various kinds of sensors such as GPS as well as network-enabled appliances will also be connected to the Internet. By utilizing various kinds of information acquired from these network terminals, advanced context-aware services will be produced. For realizing context-aware services, we focus on information management and retrieval using a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network. In this paper, we propose a location-based P2P network named the LL-Net. By constructing a P2P overlay network based on locations of peers, the LL-Net achieves efficient propagation of location-dependent queries issued by context-aware services.
Introduction (1997)

After the Cold War, the extensive use of the United Nations’ mediation, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding machinery has seen a high rate of failure. This record begs serious and systematic investigation. Other policy instruments — and UN conflict resolution missions are as much policy instruments of the Organization’s member-states as taxation laws or public transport upgrades are of domestic governments — that exhibited such a low success rate would long ago have been subjected to vigorous and repeated political and academic scrutiny. Yet the record of the UN’s negotiators, peacekeepers, and civilian experts remains almost exclusively attended by ignorance, misunderstanding and rancorous media debates. This book searches for the common sources of the failure of UN missions since the end of the Cold War. It concentrates on missions to civil wars, the predominant recipients of the UN’s post-Cold War attentions. The argument denies the cacophony of claims that the failings of its missions demonstrate the UN’s obsolescence; or that they result from the ideological radicalization of the body, or from corruption and waste, or from an excessive and inefficient bureaucracy. The following political-military analysis proposes that the failings of UN missions derive from significant structural weaknesses that lie within the missions and their method of dispatch by UN member-states.
Results of reoperations in colorectal anastomotic strictures (2001)

Resection of the stenosis and construction of a new colorectal anastomosis can be performed successfully for upper rectal anastomotic stricture. For a stenosis located in the middle and lower rectum, Soave's procedure offers a good alternative, with satisfactory long-term functional results. Whichever technique is used, a permanent colostomy should rarely be required.
Control of DFIG wind turbines (2003)

The generation of electrical power using sustainable sources of energy is developing rapidly. The authors describe how the security and quality of electricity supply might be maintained. They discuss the control of variable speed using doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) in wind turbines. The DFIG is constructed from a wound rotor asynchronous machine. Variable speed operation is obtained by injecting a variable voltage into the rotor at slip frequency The injected rotor voltage is obtained using two AC/DC insulated gate bipolar transistor based voltage source converters (VSC), linked by a DC bus. The converter ratings determine the variable speed range. Speed control for optimum power, system frequency control, and machine inertia are also discussed.
Taxonomy of XML schema languages using formal language theory (2005)

On the basis of regular tree grammars, we present a formal framework for XML schema languages. This framework helps to describe, compare, and implement such schema languages in a rigorous manner. Our main results are as follows: (1) a simple framework to study three classes of tree languages (local, single-type, and regular); (2) classification and comparison of schema languages (DTD, W3C XML Schema, and RELAX NG) based on these classes; (3) efficient document validation algorithms for these classes; and (4) other grammatical concepts and advanced validation algorithms relevant to an XML model (e.g., binarization, derivative-based validation).
Introduction to modern colloid science (1993)

Characterization of colloidal dispersions microscopic solloidal behaviours determination of particle size flow behaviour thermodynamics of surfaces adsorption at interfaces electrically charged interfaces measuring surface charge and potential particle interaction and coagulation applications of colloid and surface science.