gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloud-drift and water vapor winds in the polar regions from MODIS (2003)

Wind products from geostationary satellites have been generated for over 20 years and are now used in numerical weather prediction systems. However, geostationary satellites are of limited utility poleward of the midlatitudes. This study demonstrates the feasibility of deriving high latitude tropospheric wind information from polar-orbiting satellites. The methodology employed is based on the algorithms currently used with geostationary satellites, modified for use with the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) infrared window and water vapor bands. These bands provide wind information throughout the troposphere in both clear and cloudy conditions. The project presents some unique challenges, including the irregularity of temporal sampling, varying viewing geometries, and uncertainties in wind vector height assignment as a result of low atmospheric water vapor amounts and thin clouds. A 30-day case study dataset has been produced and is being used in model impact studies. Preliminary results are encouraging: when the MODIS winds are assimilated in the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) system and the NASA Data Assimilation Office system, forecasts of the geopotential height for the Arctic, the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, and the Antarctic are improved significantly.
Parallel Voice Conversion Based on a Continuous Sinusoidal Model (2019)

The main challenge introduced in current voice conversion is the tradeoff between speaker similarity and computational complexity. To tackle the latter problems, this paper introduces a novel sinusoidal model applied for voice conversion (VC) with parallel training data. The conventional source-filter based techniques usually give sound quality and similarity degradation of the converted voice due to parameterization errors and over smoothing, which leads to a mismatch in the converted characteristics. Therefore, we developed a VC method using continuous sinusoidal model (CSM), which decomposes the source voice into harmonic components to improve VC performance. In contrast to current VC approaches, our method is motivated by two observations. Firstly, it allows continuous fundamental frequency (F0) to avoid alignment errors that may happen in voiced and unvoiced segments and can degrade the converted speech, that is important to maintain a high converted speech quality. We secondly compare our model with two high-quality modern (MagPhase and WORLD) vocoders applied for VC, and one with a vocoder-free VC framework based on a differential Gaussian mixture model that was used recently for the Voice Conversion Challenge 2018. Similarity and intelligibility are finally evaluated in objective and subjective measures. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed method obtained higher speaker similarity compared to the conventional methods.
1101 Development of Thermoelectric Generator (2005)

This paper describes the development of a thermoelectric (TE) generator with a catalytic butane combustor. The TE generator is composed of a thermoelectric (TE) module, a catalytic combustor, an ejector to supply air to the combustor and an ignition heater. Liquid gases such as butane and propane are used as fuel. The combustor without a load (TE module) achieved self-sustaining combustion and electrical ignition using butane as fuel. When the TE modules were attached to the combustor, however, butane combustion was impossible and the combustion efficiency of hydrogen decreased. The generation test was performed by attaching two TE modules to the combustor and using hydrogen as fuel. The conversion efficiency reached 1.8% at an output power of 276mW. This study confirmed that the miniature TE generator is practical, if the performance of the combustor is improved.
Composition of Mixtures of Natural Gas Components Determined by Raman Spectrometry (1980)

The feasibility of using Raman spectrometry for determining the composition of mixtures of natural gas components was examined. Raman intensity measurements were carried out on eight, gravimetrically prepared, binary gas mixtures containing methane, nitrogen, and isobutane at ambient temperature and at pressures to 0.8 MPa. The repeatability of the molar intensity ratio, ( I 2 / y 2 )/( I 1 / y 1 ), where y 1 is the concentration of component 1 in the mixture, and I 1 is the intensity of the related line in the mixture spectrum, was examined. The compositions of two gravimetrically prepared methane-nitrogen-isobutane gas mixtures were determined spectrometrically with an estimated precision of about 0.001 in the mole fraction. Typical differences from the gravimetric concentrations were less than 0.002 in the mole fraction. The Raman spectrum of a gravimetrically prepared, eight component, hydrocarbon gas mixture was obtained to show that the Raman spectrometric method has potential for being applicable to natural gas type mixtures.
Utilization of Molasses Sugar for Lactic Acid Production by <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>delbrueckii</i> Mutant Uc-3 in Batch Fermentation (2007)

Efficient lactic acid production from cane sugar molasses by Lactobacillus delbrueckii mutant Uc-3 in batch fermentation process is demonstrated. Lactic acid fermentation using molasses was not significantly affected by yeast extract concentrations. The final lactic acid concentration increased with increases of molasses sugar concentrations up to 190 g/liter. The maximum lactic acid concentration of 166 g/liter was obtained at a molasses sugar concentration of 190 g/liter with a productivity of 4.15 g/liter/h. Such a high concentration of lactic acid with high productivity from molasses has not been reported previously, and hence mutant Uc-3 could be a potential candidate for economical production of lactic acid from molasses at a commercial scale.
Scalable spin locks for multiprogrammed systems (2002)

Synchronization primitives for large shared-memory multiprocessors need to minimize latency and contention. Software queue-based locks address these goals, but suffer if a process near the end of the queue waits for a preempted processes ahead of it. To solve this problem, the authors present two queue-based locks that recover from in-queue preemption. The simpler, faster lock employs an extended kernel interface that shares information in both directions across the user-kernel boundary. Results from experiments with real and synthetic applications on SGI and KSR multiprocessors demonstrate that high-performance software spin locks are compatible with multiprogramming on both large-scale and bus-based machines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compressing SOAP messages by using differential encoding (2004)

A major drawback of using SOAP for application integration is its enormous demand for network bandwidth. Compared to classical approaches like Java-RMI and CORBA, SOAP messages typically cause more than three times more network traffic. In this paper we will give a detailed survey of state of the art binary encoding strategies for SOAP and introduce a new experimental concept for SOAP compression, which makes use of the commonly available WSDL description of a SOAP Web service.
Development of Large Scale Fractionation Methods (1979)

A large scale method for preparation of antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate from plasma or from Cohn fraction IV-1 (Fr. IV-1) has been described. It consists of the following steps: (a) partial purification by precipitation of impurities with 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000; (b) isolation of AT III from the PEG supernatant by batch adsorption and elution on heparin-Sepharose at a ratio corresponding to 45 voi of plasma or 80 voi of 10% Fr. IV-1 solution to 1 voi of gel; (c) concentration and desalting of the eluted AT III on a Pellicon ultrafiltration system; (d) pasteurization of AT III concentrate by heating for 10 h at 60 °C in the presence of 0.5 M sodium citrate at pH 7.5; (e) removal of excess citrate by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50; and (f) sterile filtration, filling and lyophilization. The recovery by activity was 32% from a 113-liter plasma batch and 16% from a 42-kg Fr. IV-1 batch. Both AT III concentrates, derived either from plasma or from Fr. IV-1, had similar specific activity and electrophoretic purity, were nonpyrogenic and met all other FDA requirements for biologic products. Pasteurization induced changes in disc gel and isotachophoretic patterns of AT III preparations.
Evaluation of C-(beta-D-galactosyl) and C-(2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hex-1-enopyranosyl) (D-galactal type) derivatives as inhibitors of beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. (1996)

C-(2-Deoxy-D-lyxo-hex-1-enopyranosyl)formamide was prepared from acetylated C-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)formamide by a radical-mediated bromination-zinc/N-methylimidazole-induced reductive elimination-Zemplén deacetylation reaction sequence. The preparation of acetylated 5-(2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hex-1-enopyranosyl)tetrazole was improved. Methyl C-(2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hex-1-enopyranosyl)formimidate was transformed by benzylamine into N-benzyl-C-(2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hex-1-enopyranosyl)formamidine and, after hydrolysis to methyl C-(2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hex-1-enopyranosyl)formate, into N-benzyl-C-(2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hex-1-enopyranosyl)formamide. A series of C-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl) and C-(2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hex-1-enopyranosyl) derivatives was comparatively investigated for E. coli beta-D-galactosidase inhibitory activity. N-Benzyl-C-(2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hex-1-enopyranosyl)formamidine was the best inhibitor and had K(i) = 6 microM (on the basis of its free base concentration, K(i) = 8.3 nM was obtained). Basicity and hydrophobicity of the aglycon proved to be more important factors for the inhibition than the conformation of the sugar ring.
Shoot Branching and Leaf Dissection in Tomato Are Regulated by Homologous Gene Modules (2011)

Aerial plant architecture is predominantly determined by shoot branching and leaf morphology, which are governed by apparently unrelated developmental processes, axillary meristem formation, and leaf dissection. Here, we show that in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), these processes share essential functions in boundary establishment. Potato leaf (C), a key regulator of leaf dissection, was identified to be the closest paralog of the shoot branching regulator Blind (Bl). Comparative genomics revealed that these two R2R3 MYB genes are orthologs of the Arabidopsis thaliana branching regulator REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEMS1 (RAX1). Expression studies and complementation analyses indicate that these genes have undergone sub- or neofunctionalization due to promoter differentiation. C acts in a pathway independent of other identified leaf dissection regulators. Furthermore, the known leaf complexity regulator Goblet (Gob) is crucial for axillary meristem initiation and acts in parallel to C and Bl. Finally, RNA in situ hybridization revealed that the branching regulator Lateral suppressor (Ls) is also expressed in leaves. All four boundary genes, C, Bl, Gob, and Ls, may act by suppressing growth, as indicated by gain-of-function plants. Thus, leaf architecture and shoot architecture rely on a conserved mechanism of boundary formation preceding the initiation of leaflets and axillary meristems.
Primal Fantasies and the Unconscious (1989)

This paper examines some notions of fantasy in psychoanalysis. In the course of a treatment we are trying to unearth the fantasies which lie behind such products of the unconscious as dreams, symptoms, acting out and so on. Fantasy not only expresses sexual wishes in its scenes, but the structure of fantasy organizes our sexuality in a certain direction. The themes of primal fantasies, the erotic condition, object cause of desire and seduction are discussed. Case material is presented.
Undirected motility of filamentous cyanobacteria produces reticulate mats (2010)

The roles of biology in the morphogenesis of microbial mats and stromatolites remain enigmatic due to the vast array of physical and chemical influences on morphology. However, certain microbial behaviors produce complex morphological features that can be directly attributed to motility patterns. Specifically, laboratory experiments with a strain of the cyanobacteria Pseudanabaena demonstrate that distinctive morphologies arise from the undirected gliding and colliding of filaments. When filamentous cells collide, they align and clump, producing intersecting ridges surrounding areas with low cell density, i.e. reticulate structures. Cell motility is essential for the development of reticulates and associated structures: filaments organize into reticulates faster than cell division and growth, and conditions that inhibit motility also inhibit reticulate formation. Cell density of the inoculum affects the frequency of cell-cell collisions, and thus the time required for biofilm organization into reticulate structures. This also affects the specific geometry of the reticulates. These patterns are propagated into larger structures as cyanobacterial cell numbers increase and cells remain motile. Thus, cell motility is important for templating and maintaining the morphology of these microbial communities, demonstrating a direct link between a microbial behavior and a community morphology. Reticulate geometries have been identified in natural microbial mats as well as in the fossil record, and these structures can be attributed to the motility of filamentous bacteria.
Tasking on Natural Statistics of Infrared Images (2015)

Natural scene statistics (NSSs) provide powerful, perceptually relevant tools that have been successfully used for image quality analysis of visible light images. Since NSS capture statistical regularities that arise from the physical world, they are relevant to long wave infrared (LWIR) images, which differ from visible light images mainly by the wavelengths captured at the imaging sensors. We show that NSS models of bandpass LWIR images are similar to those of visible light images, but with different parameterizations. Using this difference, we exploit the power of NSS to successfully distinguish between LWIR images and visible light images. In addition, we study distortions unique to LWIR and find directional models useful for detecting the halo effect, simple bandpass models useful for detecting hotspots, and combinations of these models useful for measuring the degree of non-uniformity present in many LWIR images. For local distortion identification and measurement, we also describe a method for generating distortion maps using NSS features. To facilitate our evaluation, we analyze the NSS of LWIR images under pristine and distorted conditions, using four databases, each captured with a different IR camera. Predicting human performance for assessing distortion and quality in LWIR images is critical for task efficacy. We find that NSS features improve human targeting task performance prediction. Furthermore, we conducted a human study on the perceptual quality of noise-and blur-distorted LWIR images and create a new blind image quality predictor for IR images.
Cover Picture: Direction‐Dependent Homoepitaxial Growth of GaN Nanowires (Adv. Mater. 2/2006) (2006)

Abstract GaN nanowires with vastly different morphologies depending upon their growth direction can be produced by direct nitridation and vapor transport of Ga in disassociated ammonia, report Sunkara and co‐workers on p. 216. Nanowires grown along the c ‐direction develop hexagonal‐prism island morphologies, while wires grown along the a ‐direction form uniform, belt‐shaped morphologies. A “ballistic” phenomenon involving the 1D transport of adatoms on the non‐polar surfaces of <0001> GaN nanowires is proposed to explain the prismatic island morphologies.
Commitment-based device pairing with synchronized drawing (2014)

Secure device pairing is a widely studied problem. Local wireless connections such as Bluetooth and WiFi typically rely on user-entered secret keys or manually verified authentication codes. Several recent proposals replace these with contextual or location-dependent sensor inputs, which are assumed to be secret from anyone not present at the location where the pairing takes place. These protocols have to cope with a fuzzy secret, i.e. noisy secret input that differs between the devices. In this paper, we overview such protocols and propose a new variation using time-based opening of commitments. Our protocol has the advantage of treating the fuzzy secret as one piece of data rather than requiring it to be partitioned into time intervals, and being more robust against variations in input entropy than those based on error correction codes. The protocol development is motivated by the discovery of a novel human source for the fuzzy secret: synchronized drawing with two fingers of the same hand on two touch screens or surfaces. Metrics for measuring the distance between the drawings are described and evaluated. We implement a prototype of this surprisingly simple and natural pairing mechanism and show that it accurately differentiates between true positives and man-in-the-middle attackers.
Software requirements analysis for real-time process-control systems (1991)

A set of criteria is defined to help find errors in, software requirements specifications. Only analysis criteria that examine the behavioral description of the computer are considered. The behavior of the software is described in terms of observable phenomena external to the software. Particular attention is focused on the properties of robustness and lack of ambiguity. The criteria are defined using an abstract state-machine model for generality. Using these criteria, analysis procedures can be defined for particular state-machine modeling languages to provide semantic analysis of real-time process-control software requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal Fault-Secure Scheduling (1998)

We consider here two basic fault-secure scheduling problems for multiprocessor systems. First, given the number of processors in the system and a set of computational tasks of unit length expressed as a complete binary tree, a scheduling algorithm is proposed such that the total execution time is a minimum and no undetected single error result will be delivered. Second, given a deadline and a computation tree, another algorithm is given which generates a fault-secure scheduling using a minimum number of processors. We show that two previous approaches are special cases of these algorithms. We also discuss the way to modify our scheduling to ensure a given fault latency requirement. Finally, extensions that cover multiple errors, non-unit length tasks and computation graphs of arbitrary binary trees are discussed.
Transitioning Applications to Semantic Web Services: An Automated Formal Approach (2008)

Abstract: Semantic Web Services [MSZ01] have been recognized as a promising technology that exhibits huge commercial potential, and attract significant attention from both industry and the research community. Despite expectations being high, the industrial take-up of Semantic Web Service technologies has been slower than expected. One of the main reasons is that many systems have been developed without considering the potential of the web in integrating services and sharing resources. Without a systematic methodology and proper tool support, the migration from legacy systems to Semantic Web Service-based systems can be a very tedious and expensive process, which carries a definite risk of failure. There is an urgent need to provide strategies which allow the migration of legacy systems to Semantic Web Services platforms, and also tools to support such a strategy. In this paper we propose a methodology for transitioning these applications to Semantic Web Services by taking the advantage of rigorous mathematical methods. Our methodology allows users to migrate their applications to Semantic Web Services platform automatically or semi-automatically.
RF small-signal equivalent circuitof MQW InGaAs/InAlAselectroabsorption modulator (1997)

An RF small-signal equivalent circuit of an MQW InGaAs/InAlAs electroabsorption modulator has been developed and compared with measurements of the responsivity and impedance in the photodetector mode. Calibrated optical/electrical and electrical measurements were performed with a 20 GHz lightwave component analyser by contacting the modulator directly with a coplanar on-wafer probe.
Battery Technology: Multifunctional Separator Coatings for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 22/2016) (2016)

Multifunctional nanoparticle coatings created in a new Langmuir-Blodgett-like process are used to design high-performance membranes for regulating transport of ions and molecules. In article 1600450, the effectiveness of such membranes in Lithium-sulfur batteries is demonstrated by Lynden A. Archer and co-workers, where coatings based on metal oxide and carbon particles are shown to capture and reutilize lithium polysulfides, an intermediate discharge product.
Direct Growth of Vertically-Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Conducting Substrates using Ethanol for Electrochemical Capacitor (2011)

A massive growth of vertically-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-SWCNTs) from aluminum oxide (Al-O)-supported Co catalyst and high purity ethanol was performed using alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition (ACCVD) technique. SWCNTs with 50-μm thickness were grown on the substrates via this technique. The Al metal layer of 20 nm thickness was thermally-oxidized for the production of Al-O, and 0.5 nm cobalt (Co) thin films was used as catalyst for the CVD process. The CNT growth was optimized using SiO2/Si substrates, and similar experimental condition was applied to the conducting substrates. The as-grown CNTs were characterized using Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopies for growth confirmation and for quality level investigation. Development of the catalyst nanoparticles and Al-O support layer was observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrodes were fabricated using directly-grown VA-SWCNTs on SUS 310S, and were successfully used as an electrochemical capacitor. Electrochemical analysis using KOH aqueous electrolyte was performed by cyclic voltammetric (CV) and galvanostatic chargedischarge measurements; a maximum 52 Fg-1 specific gravimetric capacitance was obtained from the VA-SWCNT electrodes.
Catalytic Mechanism and Performance of Computationally Designed Enzymes for Kemp Elimination (2008)

A series of enzymes for Kemp elimination of 5-nitrobenzisoxazole has been recently designed and tested. In conjunction with the design process, extensive computational analyses were carried out to evaluate the potential performance of four of the designs, as presented here. The enzyme-catalyzed reactions were modeled using mixed quantum and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations in the context of Monte Carlo (MC) statistical mechanics simulations. Free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations were used to characterize the free-energy surfaces for the catalyzed reactions as well as for reference processes in water. The simulations yielded detailed information about the catalytic mechanisms, activation barriers, and structural evolution of the active sites over the course of the reactions. The catalytic mechanism for the designed enzymes KE07, KE10(V131N), and KE15 was found to be concerted with proton transfer, generally more advanced in the transition state than breaking of the isoxazolyl N-O bond. On the basis of the free-energy results, all three enzymes were anticipated to be active. Ideas for further improvement of the enzyme designs also emerged. On the technical side, the synergy of parallel QM/MM and experimental efforts in the design of artificial enzymes is well illustrated.