gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial effector binds host cell adenylyl cyclase to potentiate Gαs-dependent cAMP production (2012)

Subversion of host organism cAMP signaling is an efficient and widespread mechanism of microbial pathogenesis. Bartonella effector protein A (BepA) of vasculotumorigenic Bartonella henselae protects the infected human endothelial cells against apoptotic stimuli by elevation of cellular cAMP levels by an as yet unknown mechanism. Here, adenylyl cyclase (AC) and the α-subunit of the AC-stimulating G protein (Gαs) were identified as potential cellular target proteins for BepA by gel-free proteomics. Results of the proteomics screen were evaluated for physical and functional interaction by: (i) a heterologous in vivo coexpression system, where human AC activity was reconstituted under the regulation of Gαs and BepA in Escherichia coli; (ii) in vitro AC assays with membrane-anchored full-length human AC and recombinant BepA and Gαs; (iii) surface plasmon resonance experiments; and (iv) an in vivo fluorescence bimolecular complementation-analysis. The data demonstrate that BepA directly binds host cell AC to potentiate the Gαs-dependent cAMP production. As opposed to the known microbial mechanisms, such as ADP ribosylation of G protein α-subunits by cholera and pertussis toxins, the fundamentally different BepA-mediated elevation of host cell cAMP concentration appears subtle and is dependent on the stimulus of a G protein-coupled receptor-released Gαs. We propose that this mechanism contributes to the persistence of Bartonella henselae in the chronically infected vascular endothelium.
Thin-film deposition in the afterglows of N2 and H2 microwave plasmas (1991)

Deposition of Si and SiNx thin films from addition of SiH4 to the afterglow of N2 and H2 microwave plasmas has been compared. Deposition of Si films requires SiH4 concentrations several orders higher than SiH4 for SiNx deposition. It is concluded that for Si film deposition, luminescence from the H2 plasma induces SiH4 dissociation and reactions between silane species are necessary for Si film formation. The proposed mechanism supports a deposition model based on the SiH2 radical.
He-3 cooling systems for space (1984)

The development of a space-compatible He(3) refrigerator would provide a significant improvement in several areas of research in the 0.3 to 1 K temperature range. There are several methods of achieving these temperatures on Earth: He(3) refrigeration, dilution refrigeration, and adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration. The progress of adapting He(3) refrigeration for use in space is described. Various cycles and possible embodiments of He(3) refrigerators are described. Also included is an analysis of the liquid confinement and liquid-vapor phase-separation system. A possible configuration is then analyzed. Finally, the results of ground-based experiments will be discussed.
Self-Assembly of Conjugated Polymers at the Air/Water Interface. Structure and Properties of Langmuir and Langmuir−Blodgett Films of Amphiphilic Regioregular Polythiophenes (2000)

This paper provides the first direct structural evidence describing conjugated polymer self-assembly at the air−water interface. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and X-ray reflectivity measurements on a number of derivatives of amphiphilic regioregular polythiophenes (e.g., poly(3‘-dodecyl-3-(2,5,8-trioxanonyl)-2‘,5-bithiophene), polymer 1) show that these conjugated polymers self-assemble as 2-dimensional polycrystalline monolayers at the air/water interface with the amphiphilic polymers preorganized into rigid boards standing edge-on on the water surface. The monolayer consists of highly ordered (∼70% crystalline) domains, with a centered rectangular unit cell having the polymer backbone along the a-axis and the thiophene π-stack along the b axis with a distance of 3.85−3.94 Å depending on the applied surface pressure. These domains are connected by soft, more disordered boundaries. This is evidenced by the macroscopic compressibility of the entire LB film (Cmacro ≈ 4−7 m/N) being one order of magnitude larger than the microscopic compressibility (Cmicro ≈ 0.6 m/N) of the polycrystalline domains. The alkyl chains in the 3-position of the thiophene rings are in a crystallographically disordered state due to their cross-sectional mismatch with the packing of the thiophenes. The importance of having the side chains coupled in a regioregular fashion to the 3-position of the thiophene rings is evidenced by a dramatic increase in the coherence length of the crystalline domains for highly regioregular samples (>95% head−tail couplings) as compared to less regioregularly coupled polymers (∼80% head−tail couplings). Transfer to solid support by the Langmuir−Blodgett technique induces an overall orientation of the domains in the film, giving rise to a dichroic ratio of up to 4. Reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) shows that the alkyl chains of transferred films are in an all-trans conformation with a locally ordered environment, having only few gauche defects.
The Architecture of Cognitive Control in the Human Prefrontal Cortex (2003)

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves cognitive control: the ability to coordinate thoughts or actions in relation with internal goals. Its functional architecture, however, remains poorly understood. Using brain imaging in humans, we showed that the lateral PFC is organized as a cascade of executive processes from premotor to anterior PFC regions that control behavior according to stimuli, the present perceptual context, and the temporal episode in which stimuli occur, respectively. The results support an unified modular model of cognitive control that describes the overall functional organization of the human lateral PFC and has basic methodological and theoretical implications.
Sensitivity of Granular Force Chain Orientation to Disorder-Induced Metastable Relaxation (2016)

A two-dimensional system of photoelastic disks subject to vertical tapping against gravity was experimentally monitored from ordered to disordered configurations by varying bidispersity. The packing fraction ϕ, coordination number Z, and an appropriately defined force-chain orientational order parameter S all exhibit as similar sharp transition with a small increase in disorder. A measurable change in S, but not ϕ and Z, was detected under tapping. We find disorder-induced metastability does not show configurational relaxation, but can be detected via force-chain reorientations.
The Association of Sarcoidosis, Erythema Nodosum, and Arthritis (1966)

Sarcoidosis may occur in a "subacute" form. At times erythema nodosum and arthritis accompany the pulmonary hilar adenopathy in such cases and contribute significantly to the patient's signs and symptoms. Five cases of patients with this syndrome are reported, and the cutaneous aspects of the cases are emphasized. The concept of subacute sarcoidosis is reviewed, and the interrelationship between the components of the syndrome is discussed briefly.
A novel manipulator architecture for the production of SCARA motions (2002)

SCARA denotes a class of 4-DOF manipulators that exhibit a finite stiffness in four directions of their motion space, while being infinitely stiff in the remaining two directions. These four directions comprise translation along three axes and rotation about one single axis. Therefore, a SCARA is noncompliant in two directions of rotation. SCARA systems were originally developed for assembly tasks. We term here any motion with the foregoing features a SCARA motion. Current manipulators producing this class of motions are invariably designed with a common architecture, namely, three revolutes and one prismatic joint, the latter being indistinctly collocated either at the proximal to the base or at the distal joint. We introduce here a novel architecture producing SCARA motions that is based on what is known as a II-joint, as introduced elsewhere. The kinematics of this manipulator is fully discussed.
Low T/sub c/ SQUID measurement system for magnetic relaxation immunoassays in unshielded environment (2001)

A novel technique for detecting immunochemical reactions based on a SQUID measurement system has recently been demonstrated. The reaction partners are labeled by magnetic nanoparticles which, after an immunochemical reaction, display changes of their magnetic relaxation behaviour due to a reduction of their mobility. We have developed a SQUID system dedicated to magnetic relaxation immunoassays (MARIAs) operating in unshielded environment. The system consists of 6 SQUID magnetometers electronically combined to a second-order gradiometer. The gradiometer is formed by electronic subtraction of FLL output signals or by the Three SQUID Gradiometer approach. By evaluating the amplitude of relaxation signals (average of 4 magnetization cycles) a minimum amount of (selected) Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/-particles corresponding to 600 pmol Fe was detected demonstrating the potential of the measurement system for biochemical laboratory diagnostics.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy made easier: a practical guide, tips and tricks (2007)

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) plays an integral role in managing large renal stones. Establishing percutaneous renal access is the most crucial step in the procedure and requires a thorough understanding of renal, retroperitoneal and thoracic anatomy to minimize the risk of complications. Moreover, access to fluoroscopy and the proper equipment are critical to ensuring complete stone removal. In this review we describe the technique of PCNL used in a high-volume endourology centre, where the urologist is involved in all aspects of the procedure.
HDAC6 promotes cell proliferation and confers resistance to gefitinib in lung adenocarcinoma (2016)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising targets for cancer therapy, and first-generation HDAC inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer patients. HDAC6, which is a key regulator of many signaling pathways that are linked to cancer, has recently emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, HDAC6 was found to be overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of HDAC6 promoted the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells in a deacetylase activity-dependent manner. HDAC6 overexpression conferred resistance to gefitinib via the stabilization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The inhibition of HDAC6 by CAY10603, a potent and selective inhibitor of HDAC6, inhibited the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells and induced apoptosis. CAY10603 downregulated the levels of EGFR protein, which in turn inhibited activation of the EGFR signaling pathway. Moreover, CAY10603 synergized with gefitinib to induce apoptosis of the lung adenocarcinoma cell lines via the destabilization of EGFR. Taken together, our results suggest that the inhibition of HDAC6 may be a promising strategy for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
The rat as a model for preeclampsia. (1976)

Several methods were used in an attempt to produce preeclampsia in the pregnant rat. Desoxycorticosterone acetate plus increased NaCl intake produced hypertension, proteinuria, rapid weight gain, convulsions, decreased litter size, decreased offspring weight, increased fetal and maternal mortality, and renal lesions similar to those seen in human preeclampsia. Injection of placenta in Freund's adjuvant produced mild blood pressure elevation and proteinuria in the pregnant rat. Rabbit antirat placenta serum produced hypertension in the pregnant rat but not in the nonpregnant rat. Liver congestion and renal glomerular congestion were observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Pregnancy in the rat reduced hypertension produced by applying a Goldblatt clamp prior to breeding. Uterine ischemia produced by wrapping the uterus in cellophane produced mild blood pressure elevation and proteinuria. A vitamin-E-deficient diet that contained substantial amounts of partially perioxidized, polyunsaturated fatty acids produced morphological lesions in the pregnant rat similar to those seen in human preeclampsia, but hypertension, edema, and proteinuria were absent. None of the maneuvers was effective in producing a complete model of human preeclampsia, but they do provide material for study that could answer somebasic questions about preeclampsia.
Transcranial magnetic brain stimulation modulates blepharospasm (2010)

This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with BEB, H- and C-coil rTMS is safe and improves clinical symptoms of BEB immediately and 1 hour after stimulation.
Neuromorphic vision chips (1996)

Analog circuits based on resistive networks emulate the behavior of the vertebrate eye, detecting edges, differentiating between surfaces, and estimating motion. The speed and simplicity of these devices make them candidates for applications ranging from security systems to retinal replacements.
A Traffic-Aware Virtual Machine Placement Method for Cloud Data Centers (2013)

Classical virtual machine (VM) placement approaches, focusing on computing resource requirements, do not consider network traffic as an input for the placement problem, which may result in high network traffic within the core links of the data center. Cost of networking is not negligible in a cloud data center. In order to decrease networking cost, in terms of power and delay, communication patterns of VMs need to be taken into account. We develop an algorithm with low computational complexity, to cluster VMs based on dynamic network traffic data and place clusters into racks, composed of physical servers. Our aim is to decrease the traffic between racks, by putting frequently communicating VMs together into the same rack or as close as possible, while minimizing networking delay based on average communication path length, number of active servers and number of active network elements, such as links and switches. Through numerous simulations, we show that the proposed algorithm provides quick and effective results to improve placement, which can be utilized via VM migrations.
Wavefront Customized Ablations With the WASCA Asclepion Workstation (2001)

Wavefront mapping of the eye and wavefront-guided ablation with the Asclepion Aberrometer can be used for optimizing the results and fine-tuning visual performance after laser vision correction. WASCA PRK appeared to result in better outcomes than WASCA LASIK.
A detailed structural model of cytotactin: protein homologies, alternative RNA splicing, and binding regions. (1989)

A combination of cDNA sequencing of the complete coding region, protein comparisons, binding site mapping, and electron microscopic imaging has permitted the formulation of a structural model of cytotactin. Cytotactin is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein that displays a restricted tissue distribution during development. Although there appears to be a single cytotactin gene, multiple cytotactin polypeptides and mRNAs are detected in a variety of tissues. We report here the sequences and relationships of cDNAs that encode the complete amino acid sequences of two cytotactin polypeptides in chicken brain. The translated cDNA sequences agree with those obtained by direct analysis of cytotactin and fragments of the molecule. All regions of the polypeptides appear to be identical except for a 273 amino acid segment found in the larger but not in the smaller. At their amino termini, both polypeptides contain a cysteine-rich segment that probably includes those residues that link monomers into hexamers. This segment is followed by 13 epidermal growth factor-like (EGFL) repeats and then 8 consecutive segments that each resemble the type III repeats found in fibronectin. At their carboxyl termini, the polypeptides are similar to the beta and gamma chains of fibrinogen, including a calcium-binding segment. The additional sequence in the large polypeptide is inserted after the fifth type III repeat and includes three additional type III repeats. On RNA transfer blot analyses, cytotactin cDNA probes detected a 6.4-kilobase (kb) component in both brain and gizzard and larger mRNAs in both tissues, but those in gizzard were larger by about 1 kb than those in brain. A probe specific to the insert did not hybridize to the 6.4-kb mRNA in either tissue but detected the larger mRNAs in both tissues. At least a portion of the insert is thus present in both tissues, but there may be additional inserts in the gizzard mRNAs. The proposed model of cytotactin specifies the orientation of the polypeptides, the localization of interchain disulfide bonds, the structural elements constituting the thin and thick segments (EGFL repeats and type III repeats, respectively), the terminal fibrinogen-like nodular region, and the relative location of the cell-binding region.
Revision of the lifestyles of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and implications for biological control strategies (2013)

A new classification of lifestyles of phytoseiid mites is proposed based on the findings and suggestions from many studies conducted in the fifteen years since the publication of the lifestyle system by McMurtry & Croft (1997). In this newly proposed classification, Type I (Specialized mite predators) is divided into three subtypes to highlight mite prey specificity: subtype I-a—Specialized predators of Tetranychus species (Tetranychidae); subtype I-b—Specialized predators of web-nest producing mites (Tetranychidae); subtype I-c—Specialized predators of tydeoids (Tydeoidea). Type II (Selective predators of tetranychid mites) remains essentially the same. Type III (Generalist predators) is a huge and diverse group of general feeders; predators in this category are now grouped into five subtypes based on the microhabitat occupied and morphology: subtype III-a—Generalist predators living on pubescent leaves; subtype III-b—Generalist predators living on glabrous leaves; III-c—Generalist predators living in confined spaces on dicotyledonous plants; III-d—Generalist predators living in confined spaces on monocotyledonous plants; III-e—Generalist predators from soil/litter habitats. Type IV (Pollen feeding generalist predators) also remains essentially the same. Two possible additional lifestyles include phytoseiids living on aquatic plants and phytoseiids able to pierce leaf cells. Behavioral and biological information is updated and implications for biological control strategies are discussed.
Entangled coherent states: Teleportation and decoherence (2001)

When a superposition $(|\ensuremath{\alpha}〉\ensuremath{-}|\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}〉)$ of two coherent states with opposite phase falls upon a 50-50 beam splitter, the resulting state is entangled. Remarkably, the amount of entanglement is exactly 1 ebit, irrespective of \ensuremath{\alpha}, as was recently discovered by Hirota and Sasaki [LANL e-print quant-ph/0101018]. Here we discuss decoherence properties of such states and give a simple protocol that teleports one qubit encoded in Schr\"odinger cat states.
Lectin-mediated Supramolecular Junctions of Galactose-derivatized Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Abstract β-Galactoside-modified single-walled carbon nanotube (Gal-SWNT) is newly synthesized. Its solubility in water is increased by adsorption of lection molecules on the sidewalls and supramolecular junctions are formed in the presence of galactose-specific lectins.
Novel coexpression of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human luteinizing hormone receptors and their ligand hCG in human fallopian tubes. (1993)

The human uterus, including its blood vessels, contains hCG/human LH receptors. We now demonstrate that human fallopian tubes also contain a 4.4-kilobase hCG/LH receptor mRNA transcript and an 80-kilodalton immunoreactive protein that can bind [125I]hCG. Tubal mucosa contain more receptor transcripts, receptor protein, and [125I] hCG binding than the tubal smooth muscle or blood vessels. Human fallopian tubes also contain hCG protein and a 0.6-kilobase hCG alpha mRNA transcript. However, very little hCG is found in tubal cell layers other than mucosa. Ampullary segments contain more hCG/LH receptors and hCG than isthmus. Secretory phase tubes contain more than proliferative phase, postpartum, or postmenopause tubes. Incubation with highly purified hCG resulted in an increase in catalytically active 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1, and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes in tubal tissues. In summary, human fallopian tubes, which have never previously been considered a direct target of hCG/LH action, express functional hCG/LH receptor gene as well as the gene of its ligand. These novel findings suggest numerous possibilities of both physiological and pathological importance in human fallopian tubes.
Development of Ka-Band Inflatable Layered-Lens Technology (2001)

This article documents the results of work performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory on layered-lens technology during 1999 and 2000. The main thrust of this efiort was to demonstrate the feasibility of a three-layer lens for use with in∞atable technology. A proof-of-concept unit was built and tested as a technology demonstration. Two proof-of-concept models were designed and tested at two difierent frequencies, 8.421 GHz (X-band) and 32.05 GHz (Ka-band). Both units produced adequate radiation characteristics, but slightly lower than the expected 50 percent e‐ciency (measured values of 41 percent and 33 percent, respectively). The results obtained show good potential, but further study is needed to improve performance.
Toxic effects of fatty acids on yeast cells: Dependence of inhibitory effects on fatty acid concentration (1977)

Abstract The yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, and Candida lipolytica were used to investigate the action of different concentrations of fatty aeids (from acetic to myristic acid) on cell growth, division, uptake of inorganic phosphate, and substrate oxidation. The former two yeasts were found to undergo an inhibition of growth, cell division, and phosphate uptake at lower acid concentrations and to experience the inhibition of substrate oxidation at higher acid concentration. The concentration dependence of the action of fatty acids can be classified into four categories: (1) subthreshold concentrations which do not inhibit growth and have either no effect on, or stimulate, oxygen consumption; (2) threshold concentrations which lower the rate of growth, cell division, and phosphate uptake but do not inhibit the oxidation of carbon substrate; (3) above threshold concentrations which inhibit partially even substrate oxidation, and (4) microbicide concentrations. Candida lipolytica displays the Same sensitivity toward the action of fatty acids as the above yeast species; however, the threshold concentrations are higher and can be quickly lowered owing to oxidation by the yeast. The concentrations of fatty acids found in the medium after cultivations of yeast with n ‐alkanes are of the same order as limiting concentrations; the formation of acids with twelve and less carbons in the molecule can thus be assumed to be one of the basic reasons for the lowering of biomass yields during cultivations on these hydrocarbons.