gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Evolution of Streptomyces Interaction Networks in Soil and In Silico (2011)

Soil grains harbor an astonishing diversity of Streptomyces strains producing diverse secondary metabolites. However, it is not understood how this genotypic and chemical diversity is ecologically maintained. While secondary metabolites are known to mediate signaling and warfare among strains, no systematic measurement of the resulting interaction networks has been available. We developed a high-throughput platform to measure all pairwise interactions among 64 Streptomyces strains isolated from several individual grains of soil. We acquired more than 10,000 time-lapse movies of colony development of each isolate on media containing compounds produced by each of the other isolates. We observed a rich set of such sender-receiver interactions, including inhibition and promotion of growth and aerial mycelium formation. The probability that two random isolates interact is balanced; it is neither close to zero nor one. The interactions are not random: the distribution of the number of interactions per sender is bimodal and there is enrichment for reciprocity--if strain A inhibits or promotes B, it is likely that B also inhibits or promotes A. Such reciprocity is further enriched in strains derived from the same soil grain, suggesting that it may be a property of coexisting communities. Interactions appear to evolve rapidly: isolates with identical 16S rRNA sequences can have very different interaction patterns. A simple eco-evolutionary model of bacteria interacting through antibiotic production shows how fast evolution of production and resistance can lead to the observed statistical properties of the network. In the model, communities are evolutionarily unstable--they are constantly being invaded by strains with new sets of interactions. This combination of experimental and theoretical observations suggests that diverse Streptomyces communities do not represent a stable ecological state but an intrinsically dynamic eco-evolutionary phenomenon.
The Treatment of Prostate Cancer. (2001)

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to discuss the current treatment options available to the patient with prostate cancer in all stages of the disease. Overview: With the exception of skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the United States. Most patients in the current era will present with organ‐confined disease, amenable to curative treatment. Treatment for organ‐confined disease includes watchful waiting, radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and cryosurgery in selective cases. Hormone therapy is the cornerstone of treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer. There is no curative treatment for hormone‐refractory prostate cancer. Clinical implications: The availability of several therapeutic options for localized prostate cancer warrants careful consideration when planning treatment with curative intent. Patients need to be active participants in decision making, and they must be aware of the benefits and possible complications of the different types of treatment. Patients with advanced prostate cancer need to be aware that hormone treatment will provide temporization and palliation in the majority of cases. Hormone‐resistant prostate cancer is refractory to most forms of conventional and experimental therapy.
Intracellular <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i> and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in Buccal Epithelial Cells Collected from Human Subjects (2001)

The mouth may provide an accessible model for studying bacterial interactions with human cells in vivo. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization and laser scanning confocal microscopy, we found that human buccal epithelial cells from 23 of 24 subjects were infected with intracellular bacteria, including the periodontal pathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as other species which have yet to be identified. Buccal cell invasion may allow fastidious anaerobes to establish themselves in aerobic sites that otherwise present an unfavorable environment. Exfoliated buccal epithelial cells might provide a protected route for bacterial transmission between different oral sites within and between hosts.
Treatment Acceptability of Alternative Sex Therapies: A Comparative Analysis (1991)

Eighty female subjects rated therapy descriptions of a case involving the treatment of inhibited female orgasm in group and individual formats. Half of the treatment descriptions described the patient's husband participating in some of the homework exercises. After each treatment description, subjects completed a series of treatment acceptability ratings (Treatment Evaluation Inventory, Semantic Differential, Credibility Rating Scale) designed to evaluate the alternative treatment dimensions. A case history of primary anorgasmia, representative of actual clients and problems typically seen in sex therapy clinics, was presented to subjects via written material and audiotape players. A clear preference for individual format over group format was consistently found in credibility and acceptability ratings. Inclusion of the identified patient's partner in therapy was not a salient factor in acceptability ratings for the female subjects. Implications of this research paradigm are discussed in light of the current state of the art in sex therapy, and future research needs are identified.
Anticonvulsant-induced liver damage. (1988)

A case of iterated clonazepam-induced liver injury is described. It is suggested that the damage was of the metabolic idiosyncrasy type.
Transport and metabolism of glutathione isopropyl ester in cerebrospinal fluid. (1995)

The transport of glutathione (GSH) or glutathione isopropyl ester (GSH isopropyl ester) to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in rats was estimated by levels of GSH or GSH isopropyl ester and their metabolites in CSF 30 min after the intravenous administration of GSH or GSH isopropyl ester (300 mg/kg). Although the CSF uptake of GSH isopropyl ester was almost equal to that of GSH as evidenced by about a two-fold increase in the amount of non-protein sulfhydryl groups in CSF, the sum of GSH isopropyl ester and GSH concentrations in the CSF after GSH isopropyl ester treatment was increased by 32% compared with saline-treated controls. On the other hand, treatment with GSH had no significant increase in GSH levels in CSF but increased its metabolite levels, such as cysteinyl-glycine and cysteine. GSH isopropyl ester was less metabolized than GSH. GSH isopropyl ester had low affinity to purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, a key enzyme for metabolism of GSH in the choroid plexus, supporting the finding that GSH isopropyl ester is more stable than GSH in CSF. These results are compatible with our previous report (Yamamoto et al. (1993) showing that the protective action of GSH isopropyl ester against cerebral ischemia was greater than that of GSH in rats. GSH isopropyl ester may be a useful agent which protects the brain from the damage associated with oxygen-related toxicities by increasing GSH levels in the CSF.
Reduced-complexity VLSI architectures for binary and nonbinary LDPC Codes. (2010)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. August 2010. Major: Electrical Engineering. Advisor: Professor Gerald E. Sobelman. 1 computer file (PDF); x, 110 pages.
Neoangiogenesis-related genes are hallmarks of fast-growing hepatocellular carcinomas and worst survival. Results from a prospective study (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01657695.
A Study on Synthesis of Lumiracoxib (2007)

Objective:To improve the method for the synthesis of lumiracoxib.Methods: The target compound was synthesized using 4-iodotoluene and N-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)acetamide as starting materials,cuprous iodide as catalysts and N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine as ligand through the condensation by improved Ullmann-Goldberg reaction,followed by 4-step reaction: hydrolysis,acylation,cyclization by Fridel-Crafts alkylation and ring-opening by hydrolysis.Results: The structure of synthesized target compound,of which the total yield was 45.5%,was verified by ESI-MS,1H NMR,IR and elemental analysis.Conclusion: The improved method has some advantages such as higher yield,simple operation and less pollution.It is suitable for the industrial manufacture.
Liquid streaming and droplet formation caused by leaky Rayleigh waves (2003)

Various liquid motions such as streaming and droplet formation have been observed when a liquid was put on the surface of a SAW (surface acoustic wave) propagation substrate. Results of experimental and theoretical studies on these so-called SAW streaming phenomena are presented. Surface treatment of the SAW substrate by metallization and by silanization is employed to demonstrate that the liquid motion is strongly influenced by the chemical condition of the substrate surface. Experiments using 128 degrees rotated Y-X LiNbO/sub 3/ at 50 MHz with various pulse widths are described. In a hydrophilic case, such as an Al-deposited metal surface, the pattern of the SAW power flow can be observed. This indicates that one can quickly visualize the SAW radiation by merely putting a small volume of liquid on the surface. If the substrate surface is hydrophobic, small droplets are ejected from the water surface. Using this phenomenon makes it possible to develop new fluid devices. Theoretically, the SAW streaming force can be derived using the theory of acoustic streaming. The calculated SAW streaming force is found to be very large and strong enough to expel the droplet from the liquid surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Demonstration Abstract: WARP – A Flexible Platform for Clean-Slate Wireless Medium Access Protocol Design (2008)

The flexible interface between the medium access layer and the custom physical layer of the Rice University Wireless Open-Access Research Platform (WARP) provides a high performance research tool for clean-slate cross layer designs. As we target a community platform, we have implemented various basic PHY and MAC technologies over WARP. Moreover, we are implementing cross-layer schemes such as rate adaptation and crosslayer MIMO MAC protocols. In this demo, we demonstrate the flexibility of the interaction between the the WARP PHY and MAC layers by showing the capability to instantaneously change the modulation scheme, disabling/enabling MAC features such as carrier sensing or RTS/CTS 4-way handshake, and different multi-rate schemes. I. WARP Overview Wireless open-Access Research Platform (WARP) [1] is a programmable wireless research tool that is both scalable and extensible. The custom design of the WARP physical (PHY) layer is tailored to the needs of high-performance wireless communications. While
Revolution in X-Ray Optics (1989)

In the past half decade or so there has been a technological revolution in our ability to generate, control, manipulate, focus, and detect x rays. The emergence of x-ray lasers and synchrotron insertion devices has increased the brightness of laboratory x-ray sources 8 to 12 orders of magnitude over what was available in the late 1960s. In addition, the past few years have been witness to significant advances in the development of normal incidence x-ray mirrors and beam splitters, diffraction limited x-ray lenses, x-ray microscopy, x-ray holography, x-ray waveguides, and CCD x-ray detector arrays. Utilizing these new capabilities, workers in the field are taking the first steps toward the development of sophisticated soft x-ray optical systems, including soft x-ray interferometers, high-intensity x-ray lasers, and projection optics for x-ray lithography. Details of these developments are discussed, as is the question, Why is this happening now?
EVALUATION OF HLA ANTIBODIES WITH THE PRA-STAT TEST (1995)

HLA-specific antibody, present before or after transplantation, may adversely effect graft outcome. Antibody testing by cytotoxicity (CYT) is laborious, requires viable lymphocytes, does not differentiate non-HLA cytotoxic antibody, and cannot be used readily on specimens from patients being treated with cytotoxic antibodies. We have evaluated PRA-STAT, an antibody screening kit that uses an ELISA test with soluble HLA class I molecules as targets. We performed 219 tests on a variety of serum specimens, 128 of which were also tested by CYT. There was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.78, P < 0.001) between PRA-STAT (PS) and CYT for the detection of IgG antibodies. Of 66 sera reactive in both assays, 18% had identical specificities defined in both, 27% were more reactive in PS than in CYT, 8% were more reactive in CYT, and 47% had different specificities in the 2 assays, with overlap in slightly more than half the cases. Of 13 sera reactive only in PS, 2 were from non-transfused, nontransplanted males with no evidence of lymphocyte-reactive antibody by antiglobulin tests. PS uses an IgG-specific conjugate, therefore IgM class I-specific antibodies cannot be identified--however, their presence does affect test outcome. This, as well as the panel composition and interlot reproducibility, are areas we believe need to be addressed. The PRA-STAT system is rapid, does not require viable cells or complement, and can be automated in part. Resolution of the problems identified here and availability of an IgM-specific conjugate should make this test system a valuable tool in histocompatibility testing.
Immunomodulatory Monoclonal Antibodies in Combined Immunotherapy Trials for Cutaneous Melanoma (2017)

In the last years, there has been a twist in cancer treatment towards immunotherapy thanks to the impressive results seen in advanced patients from several tumor pathologies. Cutaneous melanoma is a highly mutated and immunogenic tumor that has been a test field for the development of immunotherapy. However, there is still a way on the road to achieving complete and long-lasting responses in most patients. It is desirable that immunotherapeutic strategies induce diverse immune reactivity specific to tumor antigens, including the so-called neoantigens, as well as the blockade of immunosuppressive mechanisms. In this review, we will go through the role of promising monoclonal antibodies in cancer immunotherapy with immunomodulatory function, especially blocking of the inhibitory immune checkpoints CTLA-4 and PD-1, in combination with different immunotherapeutic strategies such as vaccines. We will discuss the rational basis for these combinatorial approaches as well as different schemes currently under study for cutaneous melanoma in the clinical trials arena. In this way, the combination of “push and release” immunomodulatory therapies can contribute to achieving a more robust and durable anti-tumor immune response in patients.
Interactive mediated reality (2004)

Mediated reality describes the concept of filtering or vision of reality, typically using a head-worn video mixing display. In this paper, we propose a generalized concept and new tools for interactively mediated reality. We present also our first prototype system for painting, grabbing and gluing together real and virtual elements.
Digital design of higher radix quaternary carry free parallel adder (2002)

A high speed parallel full adder is designed which can perform carry-propagation-free addition of two modified signed digit quaternary numbers. The adder has been designed based on a mathematical model developed in the present work.
Low-speed heat-pulse anemometer (1982)

A method of extending the low-speed limit of a heat-pulse anemometer has been developed and embodied in a portable microprocessor-based instrument. The objective was to produce an inertialess anemometer for the measurement of ventilating air flows in mining operations.
Urban driving system for UGV using laser scanner and vision (2009)

This paper describes urban driving system of unmanned ground vehicle. Urban driving system of UGV is important system for driving safety and stability. This system is consists of 2 component. One is laser system component and the other is vision system components. In This paper we introduce UGV system configuration and explain urban driving system using laser scanner and camera.
Extension of epidural blockade in labour for emergency Caesarean section using 2% lidocaine with epinephrine and fentanyl, with or without alkalinisation* (2001)

In a randomised, double-blind study, we investigated rapid extension of epidural analgesia to surgical anaesthesia for emergency Caesarean section. Parturients receiving epidural analgesia in labour who subsequently required Caesarean section were given a test dose of 3 ml lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1 : 200 000, followed 3 min later by 12 ml lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1 : 200 000 and fentanyl 75 microg, to which was added 1.2 ml sodium bicarbonate 8.4% (bicarbonate group; n = 20) or saline (saline group; n = 20). Mean (SD [range]) time to surgical anaesthesia was less in the bicarbonate group (5.2 (1.5) [2-8] min) than the saline group (9.7 (1.6) [6-12] min; mean difference 4.5 min (95% CI 3.5-5.5) min; p < 0.001). Maternal side-effects and neonatal outcome were similar between groups. We conclude that pH-adjusted lidocaine 2% with epinephrine and fentanyl is effective for rapidly establishing surgical anaesthesia in patients with a functioning epidural catheter for labour who require emergency Caesarean section.
Red light, green light—no light: Tomorrow's communicative cars could take turns at intersections (2018)

· Life is short, and it seems shorter still when you're in a traffic jam. Or sitting at a red light when there's no cross traffic at all. · In Mexico City, São Paolo, Rome, Moscow, Beijing, Cairo, and Nairobi, the morning commute can, for many exurbanites, exceed 2 hours. Include the evening commute and it is not unusual to spend 3 or 4 hours on the road every day. · Now suppose we could develop a system that would reduce a two-way daily commute time by a third, say, from 3 to 2 hours a day. That's enough to save 22 hours a month, which over a 35-year career comes to more than 3 years.
Hysteresis behavior and modeling of piezoceramic actuators (2000)

A new theory is developed to model the hysteresis relation between polarization and electric field of piezoceramics. An explicit formulation governing the hysteresis is obtained by using a saturation polarization, remnant polarization and coercive electric field. A new form of elastic Gibbs energy is proposed to address the coupling relations between electrical field and mechanical field. The nonlinear constitutive relations are derived from the elastic Gibbs energy and are applicable in the case of high stroke actuation. The hysteresis relations obtained using the current model are correlated with experimental results. The static deflection of a cantilever beam with surface-bonded piezoelectric actuators is analyzed by implementing the current constitutive relations. Numerical results reveal that hysteresis is an important issue in the application of piezoceramics.
Photoconductive SnO2 Thin Films from Thermal Decomposition of Chemically Deposited SnS Thin Films (1993)

A method is described for the conversion of chemically deposited thin films of on glass substrates to . The method involves heating in air for 1 h at 400°C. The films have a thickness of ∼0.7 μm and appear black in reflected daylight but deep red in transmission. They are prepared by chemical deposition from homogeneous solutions for a period of 7 h 30 min at 60°C. Their conversion to is established by measurement of the optical transmittance and the x‐ray diffraction patterns. Both the and films display photoconductive properties. The dark and photoconductivities of the latter can be increased by ∼104 (to ∼1 Ω−1 cm−1) by vacuum annealing at 200°C for 1 h subsequent to thermal decomposition in the air. The increased photoconductivity is attributed to oxygen desorption from the grain boundaries and a non‐stoichiometry brought about during the vacuum annealing. This explanation is offered because subequent air‐annealing at 200°C is accompanied by a decrease in the conductivity.
Medical therapy of prostate cancer. (1994)

Prostate cancer is now the most commonly diagnosed male malignancy and the second most common cause of male cancer death in the U.S. There is no standard role for medical therapy in the treatment of localized disease, although ongoing trials are investigating possible adjuvant and neoadjuvant roles. Subtotal androgen ablation by surgical or medical means is standard therapy for advanced disease, but such therapy does not exterminate the androgen-independent clone which is hypothesized to develop very early in the course of the disease. The current favored medical therapy for subtotal androgen ablation is the use of a depot formulation of an LHRH agonist accompanied initially by an antiandrogen. Once first-line hormonal therapy has failed, there is little to be gained by any other hormonal therapy, although withdrawal of the hormone(s) might itself be a therapeutic maneuver. Cytotoxic agents presently have no standard role in the management of prostate cancer. Future effective therapies for prostate cancer are being presaged by advances in prostate tumor biology.
A general specification for scene animation (2002)

The paper presents the foundations of IBAL, a general specification for scene animation. IBAL regulates interactions among graphical elements, such as geometric models and behavioral algorithms, to describe animated scenes. Interactions among graphical elements are managed by primitives which are arranged into three graphs. The three graphs logically partition an animation into "who", "what", and "when". IBAL's unique design permits applications to represent, save, and restore a wide variety of complex scenes. A short summary of existing formats for scene modeling and scene animation is presented to distinguish and to assess the utility of IBAL's design.
An intervention study to prevent gastric cancer by micro-selenium and large dose of allitridum. (2004)

The present study proves that large doses of allitridum and microdorse of selenium may effectively prevent gastric cancer, especially in men.