gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous pain threshold changes after sympathetic block in reflex dystrophies (1975)

In a group of 30 subjects suffering from sympathetic reflex dystrophies of the limbs, the sympathetic ganglia of the affected side were blocked with a local anesthetic. Using an original method, we measured the cutaneous pain threshold before the block and at prefixed intervals after the block during a period of 2 days. In all subjects the cutaneous pain threshold showed damped oscillations both in the limb ipsilateral to the block and in the contralateral one. The analysis of these oscillations showed: (a) that the sympathetic control of the cutaneous pain threshold may be exerted through a negative feedback loop (skin-afferent input-CNS-sympathetic output-skin); (b) that the afferent discharge of a limb controls the contralateral sympathetic output through central mechanisms.
Diclofenac versus indomethacin given as intravenous infusions: their effect on haemodynamics and bleeding time, and side-effects in healthy subjects. (1985)

Given as an intravenous infusion during a 1-hour period, 32.5 mg diclofenac and 25 mg indomethacin did not cause significant changes in blood pressure or pulse rate in 31 healthy subjects. One hour after the end of the infusion, the bleeding time was significantly prolonged with both drugs; however, the mean values were within the normal range. There was no difference in the type of side-effects recorded in this study when compared to previous reports, except for a centrally stimulating effect of diclofenac, which appeared in 11 subjects. Diclofenac and indomethacin thus seem suitable for a patient study of pre-, intra- and postoperative treatment of pain.
Carbon Dioxide and Methane Transport in DDR Zeolite: Insights from Molecular Simulations into Carbon Dioxide Separations in Small Pore Zeolites (2009)

The silica zeolite DDR is a strong candidate for separations of CO(2)/CH(4) because of the narrow windows that control molecular transport inside the material's pores. We have used molecular simulations to describe diffusion of CO(2) and CH(4) inside DDR pores. Our simulations introduce a new force-field for this system that for the first time gives results that are consistent with experimental measurements of single-component adsorption and diffusion. Diffusivities obtained from previous simulations greatly overestimated the transport rates of CH(4) and, to a lesser extent, CO(2). Because CH(4) diffuses extremely slowly in DDR, we applied a transition state theory-based kinetic Monte Carlo scheme to accurately describe this diffusion. The most important observation from our calculations is that the characteristics of CO(2)/CH(4) diffusion in DDR are very different from the usual situation in nanoporous materials, where the presence of a slowly diffusing species retards transport rates of a more rapidly diffusing species. In DDR, we show that CO(2) diffusion rates are only weakly affected by the presence of CH(4), despite the very slow diffusion of the latter molecules. The physical origins of this unusual behavior are explained by analyzing the adsorption sites and diffusion mechanism for each species. Our finding suggests DDR membranes are favorable for CO(2)/CH(4) separations and that similar properties may exist for other 8MR zeolites.
High-throughput DNA sequencing on a capillary array electrophoresis system. (1998)

A capillary array electrophoresis apparatus capable of running and analyzing 48 DNA sequencing samples simultaneously has been constructed. The instrument uses a replaceable sieving buffer and incorporates a convenient method for introducing the buffer into the capillaries. Data from laser-induced fluorescence are collected as four separate images, one for each optical channel. The integrated data analysis software employs an open architecture that allows use of any DNA base-calling algorithm. DNA sequencing runs are completed in approx. 1 hr (approximately 500 bases), and instrument turnaround time between runs is less than 15 min. Overall, the instrument throughput is on the order of 720 templates/day, or 360,000 bases/day.
Novel NAD(P)H Oxidase Inhibitor Suppresses Angioplasty-Induced Superoxide and Neointimal Hyperplasia of Rat Carotid Artery (2003)

Neointimal proliferation occurring after vascular or endovascular procedures is a major complication leading to end-organ or limb ischemia. In experimental models, balloon injury has been shown to induce NAD(P)H oxidase to produce vascular superoxide anion (O2*-) production, which has been implicated in cell proliferation, but a direct link is still unclear. We postulated that inhibition of arterial NAD(P)H oxidase, resulting in decreased O2*-, would lessen the neointimal hyperplasia caused by balloon injury to the common carotid artery (CCA). Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps containing either vehicle, a cell-permeant peptide that inhibits NAD(P)H oxidase (gp91ds-tat, 10 mg/kg per day), or a scrambled peptide control (scrmb-tat). Two days after pump implantation, the left CCA was injured using an intravascular balloon embolectomy catheter (2F Fogarty). Systolic blood pressure was monitored by tail cuff. Fourteen days after injury, CCAs were harvested and analyzed by digital morphometry. Rats in both groups remained normotensive, with no significant differences in systolic blood pressure. Reactive oxygen species measurements after injury indicated a significant reduction in vascular O2*- in rats infused with gp91ds-tat, and the neointima/media area and thickness ratios were significantly lower in their arteries compared with control. On the contrary, no significant change in overall CCA diameter was observed in any group. Our data indicate that in response to balloon injury of the rat carotid artery, NAD(P)H oxidase activity contributes to neointimal hyperplasia and is involved in vascular cell proliferation and migration during restenosis.
Synthesis, structure, and bonding of the novel cluster compound KTl with isolated Tl66- ions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, structure, and bonding of the novel cluster compound KTl with isolated Tl66- ionsZhenchao Dong and John D. CorbettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 24, 11299–11303Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00077a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (563 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The National Institutes of Health Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program: screening for efficacy. (1998)

The procedures employed by the ASP provide detailed information pertaining to the anticonvulsant profile of new candidate substances. In addition, the results obtained from tolerance and liver microsomal studies furnish critical information for predicting whether tolerance and/or serious drug-drug interactions are likely to develop following long-term administration of a candidate substance. Finally, in vitro mechanism-of-action studies supply preliminary information regarding the site of action of promising new anticonvulsant drugs. It is anticipated that the testing protocol outlined above will identify safer and mechanistically novel substances to enhance significantly the quality of life of those epilepsy patients still suffering from uncontrolled seizure disorders and/or experiencing significant adverse drug effects.
Health Savings Accounts for Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs: Shopping, Take-Up and Implementation Challenges~!2009-11-12~!2010-01-28~!2010-03-19~! (2010)

A combination of high deductible health plans (HDHPs) and health savings accounts (HSAs) holds promise for expanding health insurance for small firms. We provide information on HSA take-up and shopping behavior from a 2008 survey of female small business owners, revealing that the HSA marketplace can be confusing for small firms. HSAs may have expanded access to health insurance for the smallest firms (under three employees), but not for small firms more generally. A sizable number of firms offering HSA-eligible insurance did not offer attached HSAs. Firms offering HSAs were satisfied with their experiences, but faced challenges in implementing them.
The <i>in vitro</i> effects of metal cations on eukaryotic cell metabolism (1991)

The in vitro cytotoxicity of nine metal cations common in dental casting alloys was evaluated using Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts and four toxicity parameters: total protein production, 3H-leucine incorporation, 3H-thymidine incorporation, and MTT-formazan production. Concentrations causing 50% toxicity compared to controls (TC50's) and reversibility of these effects were determined. The range of potency of the metal cations was 2-3 orders of magnitude, with Cd2+ showing the greatest potency and In3+ showing the least. Potency did not correlate with atomic weight for these metals. For each metal cation, the TC50's of the various toxicity parameters were similar in most cases. However, several cations (Cu2+, Ga3+) showed greater potency with 3H-thymidine incorporation. Reversibility of the toxic effects was observed for all cations; the effects generally became irreversible at concentrations in the range of the TC50 value for each cation. Several stimulatory effects were seen. Small but statistically significant stimulations were observed after 24 h of metal exposure for Ag1+, Au4+, Cu2+, Ga3+, and Ni2+. Residual stimulations 24 h after removal of the metal cations were observed for Au4+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. Stimulations always occurred at concentrations below the TC50 concentrations. This study should be useful in evaluating the potential cytotoxic effects of metal cations released from dental alloys.
Some α-Alkylthio Aliphatic Acids (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome α-Alkylthio Aliphatic AcidsArthur J. Hill and Edward W. FagerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 12, 2300–2301Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1943https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01252a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (247 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Isolation and Characterization of cDNA Clones Encoding Embryonic and Adult Isoforms of Rat Cardiac Troponin T (1989)

We have previously reported that troponin T (TnT), a regulatory protein in muscle contraction, undergoes a switch from the larger, acidic embryonic form to the smaller, basic adult form during rat heart development (Jin, J.-P., and Lin, J.J.-C. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 7309-7315). To investigate the significance and the molecular mechanism of this isoform switching, cDNA clones encoding rat cardiac TnT were obtained by screening a cDNA library constructed from young rat cardiac poly(A)+ RNAs using the expression vector lambda gt11. Clone RCT10 proved to be a full length clone containing 50 base pairs (bp) of 5'-untranslated sequence, 870 bp of coding sequence, and 196 bp plus poly(A) tail at the 3'-untranslated region. In the other cDNA clone (RCT11), the entire 3'-untranslated sequence and most of the coding sequence were identical with that of RCT10, but an additional 30-bp insert was present in the coding region from residues 18 to 27. This insertion sequence appeared to code for a fragment (EDWSEEEEDE) highly enriched in acidic amino acid residues. Thus, RCT11 might represent a clone encoding the embryonic isoform of rat cardiac TnT. S1 nuclease RNA mapping analysis using end-labeled RCT11 cDNA probes confirmed that this region of the sequence is different in embryonic and adult isoform mRNAs. These results suggest that both embryonic and adult isoforms of rat cardiac TnT are generated from the same primary transcript by developmentally regulated alternative splicing. The amino acid sequence deduced from RCT10 cDNA exhibits 87%, 85%, and 72% homology with bovine, rabbit, and chicken cardiac TnTs, respectively, but less homology (57-59%) with the known skeletal TnTs from human, rat, rabbit, and chicken. Moreover, both the 5'- and the 3'-untranslated sequences of rat cardiac TnT mRNA are completely different from those reported for rat skeletal TnT mRNA, suggesting that rat cardiac TnT is coded from a gene distinct from the rat skeletal TnT gene.
Studies in osteoarthritis of the hip. 3. Congenital subluxation and osteoarthritis of the hip. (1971)

Although congenital subluxation of the hip is an important primary abnormality, upon which OA hip may later supervene, other factors may also be important in individual patients. When osteoarthritis is seen with subluxation, it probably represents congenital subluxation and not displacement of the femoral head secondary to remodelling. Osteoarthritis in these cases is usually superolateral or supermedial in type, with the major impact of the disease in the superior articular cartilage. A similar form of osteoarthritis is seen in cases where leg-length disparity exists, with or without the presence of congenital subluxation, the wear occurring on the side of the long leg. It has been suggested that bio-mechanical considerations support the contention that stress is likely to be increased in the superior area of the joint on the side of a long leg, and wear can be expected to occur here. If either anomaly may provoke the later development of OA hip, it remains to be shown which is more important when both are present in the same patient.
The Inositol 5′-Phosphatase SHIP-1 and the Src Kinase Lyn Negatively Regulate Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor-induced Akt Activity (2003)

Upon encountering macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), human monocytes undergo a series of cellular signaling events leading to an increase in Akt activity. However, the regulation of these events is not completely understood. Because the inositol 5'-phosphatase SHIP-1 is an important regulator of intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, an important second messenger necessary for Akt activation, we hypothesized that SHIP-1 was involved in the regulation of M-CSF receptor (M-CSF-R)-induced Akt activation. In the human monocytic cell line, THP-1, SHIP-1 became tyrosine-phosphorylated following M-CSF activation in a Src family kinase-dependent manner. Transfection of 3T3-Fms cells, which express the human M-CSF-R, with wild-type SHIP-1 showed that SHIP-1 was necessary for the negative regulation of M-CSF-induced Akt activation. In THP-1 cells, SHIP-1 bound Lyn, independent of the kinase activity of Lyn, following M-CSF activation. Utilizing a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, we found that SHIP-1 bound to Lyn via the SHIP-1 Src homology 2 domain. Furthermore, transfection of THP-1 cells with a wild-type SHIP-1 construct reduced NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activation of a reporter gene, whereas a SHIP-1 Src homology 2 domain construct resulted in an increase in NF-kappaB activation. Additionally, in 3T3-Fms cells, Lyn enhanced the ability of SHIP-1 to regulate Akt activation by stabilizing SHIP-1 at the cellular membrane. Finally, macrophages isolated from both SHIP-1- and Lyn-deficient mice exhibited enhanced Akt phosphorylation following M-CSF stimulation. These data provide the first evidence of the involvement of both SHIP-1 and Lyn in the negative regulation of M-CSF-R-induced Akt activation.
Theory of projection onto the narrow quantization constraint set and its application (1999)

Since the postprocessing of coded images using a priori information depends on the constraints imposed on the coded images, it is important to utilize constraints that are best suited to postprocessing techniques. Among the constraint sets, the quantization constraint set (QCS) is commonly used in the iterative algorithms that are especially based on the theory of projections onto convex sets (POCS). The converged image in the iteration is usually a boundary point of the QCS. But, we can easily conjecture that the possible location of the original image is inside the QCS. In order to obtain an image inside the QCS, we proposed a new convex constraint set, a subset of the QCS called narrow QCS (NQCS) as a substitute for the QCS. In order to demonstrate that the NQCS works better than the QCS on natural images, we present mathematical analysis with examples and simulations by reformulating the iterative algorithm of the constrained minimization problem or of the POCS using the probability theory. Since the initial image of the iteration is the centroid of the QCS, we reach a conclusion that the first iteration is enough to recover the coded image, which implies no need of any theories that guarantee the convergences.
Development of a novel tablet-in-capsule formulation of mesalamine for inflammatory bowel disease (2012)

The developed system exhibited a promising targeting behavior and hence may be used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Hyperbolically Patterned 3D Graphene Metamaterial with Negative Poisson's Ratio and Superelasticity (2016)

A hyperbolically patterned 3D graphene metamaterial (GM) with negative Poisson's ratio and superelasticity is highlighted. It is synthesized by a modified hydrothermal approach and subsequent oriented freeze-casting strategy. GM presents a tunable Poisson's ratio by adjusting the structural porosity, macroscopic aspect ratio (L/D), and freeze-casting conditions. Such a GM suggests promising applications as soft actuators, sensors, robust shock absorbers, and environmental remediation.
Optical Particle Trapping with Higher-order Doughnut Beams Produced Using High Efficiency Computer Generated Holograms (1995)

Abstract Laser beams containing higher-order phase singularities can be produced with high efficiency computer generated holograms made with very simple equipment. Using such holograms in an optical tweezers experiment we have successfully trapped reflective and absorptive particles in the dark central spot of a focused charge 3 singularity beam. Angular momentum absorbed from the beam can set particles into rotation.
Effects of Pentoxifylline and Alprostadil on Ocular Hemodynamics in Healthy Humans (2007)

PGE(1) did not alter the parameters of retinal or choroidal circulation in healthy subjects. Pentoxifylline increased FPA, but did not change choroidal blood flow as measured with laser Doppler flowmetry and did not affect retinal blood flow parameters. Accordingly, neither pentoxifylline nor PGE(1) appears to be suitable to improve ocular blood flow in healthy subjects. Whether long-term treatment with alprostadil would improve choroidal blood flow in patients with vascular disease remains to be established.
Electromyographic Quantification of the Paralysing Effect of Botulinum Toxin in the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (2000)

The effect of botulinum toxin (BT) upon the human body has so far been measured by using clinical scales monitoring its overall therapeutic effect upon the disorders treated. Clinical scales, however, usually lack sensitivity, are rarely validated and are integrating a number of uncontrollable parameters. After validation of the methodology in a group of 10 controls, we investigated the BT-induced amplitude reduction of the maximal voluntary electromyographic activity (M-EMG amplitude reduction) of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in a group of 34 patients with cervical dystonia undergoing regular BT therapy with Botox (Allergan, Irvine, Calif., USA; n = 16) or Dysport (Ipsen, Maidenhead, UK; n = 18). With Botox doses of 20 mouse units the M-EMG amplitude reduction was 80% (SD = 3.9%, n = 4), with 40 it was 84% (SD = 10.8%, n = 4), with 60 it was 85% (SD = 2.6%, n = 2) and with 80 it was 91% (SD = 5.8%, n = 6). With Dysport doses of 100 mouse units the M-EMG amplitude reduction was 70% (SD = 7.6%, n = 4), with 200 it was 85% (SD = 10.4%, n = 5), with 300 it was 83% (SD = 9.2%, n = 3), with 400 it was 78% (SD = 6.7%, n = 3) and with 500 it was 91% (SD = 5.8%, n = 5). The methodology presented can measure M-EMG amplitude reductions with a precision of about 10%. Dose-efficacy relationships can be used for dose optimisation, evaluation of BT therapy failure and comparison of different preparations and types of BT.
Squaraine chemistry. Synthesis of bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)squaraine from dialkyl squarates. Mechanism and scope of the synthesis (1986)

The mechanism and the scope of the synthesis of bis(4-dialkylaminoaryl)squaraines from di-n-butyl squarate and N,N-dialkylanilines have been studied. Results show that water and acid are key factors of the synthesis, and these two factors have been optimized. Yields of squaraine are also found to be sensitive to the steric effect provided by the alkyl chain in dialkyl squarates as well as to the concentration of the aniline reagent used in the synthesis. Mechanistic results suggest that alkyl squarate is the precursor of the synthesis, and that squaraine is formed by diarylation of alkyl squarate with an N,N-dialkylaniline derivative. Under optimized conditions, a number of squaraines have been synthesized. Yields, which are comparable to those synthesized from squaric acid, are obtained. Product analysis with good material balance has been achieved, and results show that arylation and diarylation of the starting di-n-butyl squarate are major side reactions in the squaraine synthesis.
Creating Log Files and Click Streams for Advertisements in Physical Space (2008)

Poster advertisement has a long tradition and is transform-ing rapidly into digital media. In this paper we provide an overview of how sensing can be used to create online and up to date information about potential viewers. We assess what application domains can benefit from continuous monitoring of visitors. As measuring with simple sensors is inherently error prone we suggest the notion of comparative advertising power which compares the number of potential viewers in different locations. We address user acceptance and privacy concerns and show technical mechanism to increase privacy.
The oxidation of alkyl sulphides (1954)

D. Edwards and J. B. Stenlake, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 3272 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540003272