gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of GnRH immunocontraception of wild white‐tailed deer in New Jersey (2011)

Abstract Safe and effective contraceptive agents are needed to manage overabundant populations of cervids in settings where traditional management methods such as hunting are prohibited or impractical. We used GonaCon™ Immunocontraceptive Vaccine to reduce reproduction in individual white‐tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) on a fully fenced corporate‐office campus in suburban New Jersey, USA. In July–August 2005, we captured, marked, injected, and released 47 adult females and then monitored their reproductive performance for 2 years. Thirty‐two of these females each received a 1.0‐mL injection of GonaCon vaccine, and 15 control females were given sham injections. Field observations of udder condition during summers of 2006 and 2007 were used to determine which adult female deer were lactating; lactation was used as an indicator of imminent or recent parturition. During summer 2006, 8 of 24 GonaCon‐treated deer were pregnant, in contrast to 12 of 13 control deer. During summer 2007, 2 years after injections were given, 13 of 23 GonaCon‐treated and 10 of 12 control animals were pregnant. We also captured, vaccinated, and released fawns (both sexes) and yearling and adult males and then monitored their reproductive status. Immunocontraception of fawns was unsuccessful. In some GonaCon‐treated males (all age classes), serum testosterone concentrations and development of testes and antlers were reduced. Higher anti‐gonadotropin‐releasing‐hormone antibody titers were associated with greater infertility in females and with lower values for reproductive parameters in males. GonaCon reduced reproduction in wild adult female white‐tailed deer, but greater contraceptive efficacy may be required for it to gain widespread acceptance and use by natural resource managers. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Adaptive Online Disturbance Location Considering Anisotropy of Frequency Propagation Speeds (2015)

Online disturbance location is of significant importance to wide-area response-based situational awareness, stability analysis and control of the power systems. This paper presents an adaptive online disturbance location method that considers the anisotropy of the frequency propagation speed (FPS). The method geographically partitions the studied power system into several different regions offline. It then extracts the FPS vector for events occurring in each region. The method uses one event simulation for each region. The online simulations take into account changes in the generation, load and power grid topology. The location of the disturbance in each region is estimated specifically based on the speed vector of the region. Parallel computing is used to accelerate the estimation procedure. A part of the North and Central China interconnected power grid, which covers 7 provinces, is selected as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed disturbance location method and to analyze the speedup properties of the parallel computing.
An Environment to Support User Interface Evaluation Using Synchronized Video and Event Trace Recording (1993)

This paper presents a simple but very powerful technique to support user interface evaluation along with a prototype open environment -- I-Observe, the Interface OBServation, Evaluation, Recording, and Visualization Environment -- which supports a preliminary implementation of this technique. This technique operates by recording user interface sessions in multiple modalities, both as a trace of interesting events and through video images. It then provides tools to allow the user interface evaluator to combine these modalities, analyzing the event stream to search for patterns of interesting or important user actions, then using the recorded timestamps associated with these actions to present only the sections of the video recording of interest. This allows, for example, all places where the user invokes a help system or a particular command to be observed without requiring the evaluator to manually search the recording or sit through long sessions of unrelated interactions. By combining the precise recording of automatic event trace capture with the rich contextual information that can be captured in a video and audio recording, this technique allows analyses to be performed that would not be practical with either media alone.
Inexpensive solutions to enhance remote cancer care in community hospitals (2013)

Rapidly increasing volume and complexity of information used for multidisciplinary cancer treatment requires carefully evolving communications with programmatic planning, detailed evaluation, and new methodologies and technical approaches to enhance the impact and efficacy of medical conferencing systems. We designed, implemented, and evaluated cost-effective and appropriate remote learning optimize oncology practice techniques in community hospitals. Our experience over the course of more than 7 years demonstrated simple and inexpensive communication solutions for both professional and lay education, satisfying information-dense needs of multimodality cancer care. We describe how potential complexities may be resolved with inexpensive devices and software programs. Staff teamwork and creativity are always required to implement constantly evolving technologies. We provide both quantitative and qualitative data describing activities and resulting staff responses resulting in 6,520 personnel with more than 391 aggregate credit hours of continuing medical education and continuing education credit activities with enhanced collegial participant satisfaction levels and heightened interactions/professionalism among regional oncology staff. We noted significant cost reductions for communications in all our three partnered hospitals. We demonstrated both increased satisfaction levels and heightened levels of behavioral changes (Impacts) in participants. Always, activities must be cost effective and responsive to changing medical needs. Community focused efforts with regional partners should be similar, assuring evolving successes.
Normalized Queueing Delay: Congestion Control Jointly Utilizing Delay and Marking (2008)

Depending upon the type of feedback that is primarily used as a congestion measure, congestion control methods can be generally classified into two categories: marking/loss-based or delay-based. While both marking and queueing delay provide information about the congestion state of a network, they have been largely treated with separate control strategies. In this paper, we propose the notion of the normalized queueing delay, which serves as a congestion measure by combining both delay and marking information. Utilizing normalized queueing delay (NQD), we propose an approach to congestion control that allows a source to scale its rate dynamically to prevailing network conditions through the use of a time-variant set-point. In ns-2 simulation studies, an NQD-enabled FAST TCP demonstrates a significant link utilization improvement over FAST TCP under certain conditions. In addition, we propose another NQD-based controller D + M TCP (Delay+Marking TCP) that achieves quick convergence to fair and stable rates with nearly full link utilization. Therefore, NQD is a suitable candidate as a congestion measure for practical congestion control.
A specific sequence with a bulged guanosine residue(s) in a stem-bulge-stem structure of Rev-responsive element RNA is required for trans activation by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev (1992)

We demonstrate that both the in vitro RNA binding and in vivo trans activation functions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev regulatory protein Rev require the presence of a 9-nucleotide 5'-CACUAUGGG-3' RNA motif on its cognate target, the Rev-responsive element RNA. For optimal Rev recognition, this sequence must be presented as a stem-bulge-stem structure and must contain at least two G's, one of which must be unpaired, and include some or all of the CACUAU sequence upstream of the three G's. Distal mutations which result in the base pairing of the G's eliminate the Rev response. The first G is crucial, but changes at the other G's are tolerated if at least one G is unpaired. The secondary structure or the three-dimensional orientation of the B1 and B2 stem-loops of the Rev-responsive element are not relevant as long as the 5'-CACUAUGGG-3' sequence is preserved, with at least one bulged G residue.
Restoration of Images Stained with Waterdrops on a Protection Glass Surface by Using a Stereo Image Pair (2010)

In recent years, many surveillance systems based on image processing have been developed owing to performance improvement and cost reduction in computers and image input devices.
[Acupuncture combined with catgut embedding therapy for treatment of 158 cases of facial paralysis]. (2005)

Acupuncture combined with catgut embedding therapy is a better therapy for facial paralysis.
Integrated Terrestrial/Non-Terrestrial 6G Networks for Ubiquitous 3D Super-Connectivity (2018)

Since the development of the 4G LTE standards around 2010, the research communities both in academia and industry have been brainstorming to predict the use cases and scenarios of 2020s, to determine the corresponding technical requirements, and to develop the enabling technologies, protocols, and network architectures towards the next-generation (5G) wireless standardization. This exploratory phase is winding down as the 5G standards are currently being developed with a scheduled completion date of late-2019; the 5G wireless networks are expected to be deployed globally throughout 2020s. As such, it is time to reinitiate a similar brainstorming endeavour followed by the technical groundwork towards the subsequent generation (6G) wireless networks of 2030s. One reasonable starting point in this new 6G discussion is to reflect on the possible shortcomings of the 5G networks to-bedeployed. 5G promises to provide connectivity for a broad range of use-cases in a variety of vertical industries; after all, this rich set of scenarios is indeed what distinguishes 5G from the previous four generations. Many of the envisioned 5G use-cases require challenging target values for one or more of the key QoS elements, such as high rate, high reliability, low latency, and high energy efficiency; we refer to the presence of such demanding links as the super-connectivity.
Automatic modelling and analysis of dynamic physical systems using qualitative reasoning and bond graphs (1993)

A good model is essential in simulating and analysing a system satisfactorily. This paper proposes a new computer-aided modelling methodology to construct parsimonious models for dynamic physical systems. A set of domain-independent modelling principles and domain-dependent modelling constraints has been formulated to guide parsimonious model construction. Models and the knowledge base for the enhancement of models have been described by bond graphs. After a parsimonious model is generated, two types of qualitative analysis are conducted; one is to derive unknown states from known states and the other is to predict the effects of parameter changes on the whole system. This methodology is only applicable when the structure of a dynamic system is known beforehand. A detailed case study is presented to demonstrate this approach.
A Critical Evaluation of Adenosine A2A Receptors as Potentially &#x201C;Druggable&#x201D; Targets in Huntingtons Disease (2008)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a polymorphic CAG trinucleotide repeat encoding a poly-glutamine tract within the Huntingtin protein. GABAergic enkephalin neurons of the basal ganglia, which show the highest levels of expression of adenosine A(2A) receptors, are the most vulnerable in HD. Such a selective neuronal vulnerability, which occurs despite ubiquitous expression of mutant and normal Huntingtin, has suggested that adenosine A(2A) receptors might play a pathogenetic role in HD. In agreement, changes in A(2A) receptor expression and signaling have been reported in various experimental models of HD. The interpretation of the functional significance of the aberrant A(2A) receptor phenotype in HD mice is however complicated by the conflicting data so far reported on the potential neuroprotective and neurodegenerative effects of these receptors in the brain, with some data suggesting a potential pathogenetic role and some other data suggesting activation of trophic or protective pathways in neurons. The same complex profile has emerged in experimental models of HD, in which both A(2A) receptor agonists and antagonists have shown beneficial effects. The main aim of this review is to critically evaluate whether adenosine A(2A) receptors may represent a suitable target to develop drugs against HD.
[Effects of vegetation types and landscape features on soil properties at the plateau in the upper reaches of Minjiang River]. (2004)

Spatial heterogeneity is one of the important properties of oil. In this paper, the classical statistics method and the principles of geostatistics were used to study the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties on the Tibet plateau in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, and the relationship between vegetation type, landscape position and soil factors. Semivariogram analyses showed that there existed high degrees of spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture and soil nutrients. The test quadrats were assorted into three groups according to the landscape position and vegetation types, and then statistical analyses were made. The taxon results showed that different vegetation types had great effects on soil nutrients, and elevation was also an important factor influencing soil properties. A comprehensive index of soil properties showed that shrubs had the highest soil quality. The same trend of soil nutrients was found in the category of landscape positions. The soil nutrient contents decreased in the order of lower slope > upper slope > middle slope for the lower altitude hill, and lower slope > middle slope > upper slope for the high altitude hill. The results elucidated that the spatial heterogeneity of soil property was the result of the interaction between landscape factors and vegetation types.
A Combustor Can With 1.8 mm Thick Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coating (1998)

The benefits of thermal barrier coatings for protection of combustor walls are well known. However, the trend to higher combustor inlet temperatures and the reduced availability of cooling air leads to a demand for better insulation performance from the thermal barrier coating (TBC). This is of particular benefit for low emission combustors where wall quenching effects need to be minimised and often hot side cooling is not permissible. A combustor can, for advanced stationary gas turbines, with 1.8 mm thick thermal barrier was designed and tested. The can was compared to a combustor can with a thermal barrier coating sprayed with current state-of-the-art methods, but to the same thickness. Steps to optimise performance were taken in all development stages. The design allowed easy spray geometries, improved edges and no film cooling. Spraying was optimised in order to achieve a segmented microstructure for reduction of stresses (by decrease of the Young’s Modulus in the coating) and increase compliance of the coating. Testing in component test rigs showed excellent results. The lifetime of the optimised combustor can was beyond test capabilities, whereas the reference combustor failed immediately. Metallographic and X-ray characterisation before and after component rig testing was performed and revealed features that explain the superiority of the segmented thermal barrier coating. This work has been funded by the CEC under the contract BRE-CT94-0936.
Interferon Production by Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Semliki Forest Virus (1970)

SUMMARY Twenty-one temperature-sensitive mutants of Semliki Forest virus were classified by measurement of their capacity to make virus RNA. The RNA+ mutants were defective in a very early step in virus multiplication; possibly in the formation of functional polymerase enzyme. The RNA+ mutants investigated were all defective in their capacity to make the virus envelope protein. All the mutants were capable of inducing interferon formation but two different types of induction could be distinguished. At high multiplicities, both classes of mutant and the wild type induced interferon production without requiring virus RNA synthesis, while at lower multiplicities interferon production depended on the synthesis of virus RNA. It was concluded that at high multiplicities the inducer was newly synthesized RNA. However, a number of the RNA+ mutants were less efficient interferon inducers than the wild type, and at low multiplicities synthesised virus RNA but not interferon.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monolayers and Langmuir−Blodgett Films of an Amphiphilic Oligo(ethylene glycol)-C<sub>60</sub>-hexadecaaniline Conjugate (2006)

A novel amphiphilic oligo(ethylene glycol)-C60-hexadecaaniline (A16) tricomponent conjugate, C60>(A16-EG43), possessing a well-defined number of repeating aniline donor units and a hydrophilic ethylene glycol oligomer chain was synthesized. The compound is composed of a covalently bound donor-acceptor chromophore structure. Molecular self-assembly of C60>(A16-EG43) at the air-water interface formed a densely packed Langmuir monolayer with all highly hydrophobic fullerene cages located above the liquid interface. The monolayer can then be transferred onto a glass substrate via Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition. LB multilayered thin films formed by multiple deposition of the monolayer yielded broadened optical absorption peaks extending beyond 600 nm into the 950 nm region, suggesting strong intermolecular interactions among the C60 cages and the A16 moieties. An X-ray reflectometry study clearly reveals that the Langmuir film at the air-water interface consists of a C60 top layer and a bottom layer containing hexcadecaaniline and oligo(ethylene glycol) with gradually decreasing electron density over a distance of approximately 130 A above bulk water. The pressure isotherm shows that the packing density of the C60>(A16-EG43) monolayer, corresponding to a molecular area of approximately 95 A2/molecule, is similar to that of the surface area of the C60 monolayer. This result suggests that C60 packing plays a dominant role in guiding the formation of the monolayer structure. Further photoexcitation of hexadecaaniline moieties of aligned (C60>)-A16 layers by a flash light source induces cross linking between adjacent A16 segments forming an interlinked A16 array. Our results have demonstrated a unique fabrication method for preparing the aligned donor-acceptor array using strong intermolecular interactions between fullerenes as the molecular orientation guiding force in the Langmuir-Blodgett technique.
Comparison of optical and electrical data interconnections at the board and backplane levels (1990)

The benefits of optical interconnections over distances of hundreds of metres or more are well established. However, the increasing complexity of computers and other electronic equipment places severn demands on interconnection capabilities over much shorter distances where optics can also offer potential advantages. A comparison of optical and electrical interconnects at the board and backplane levels of modem mainframe computers has been performed using the interconnect criteria appropriate at these levels. For example, within the CPU (central processor unit) the most important criterion is latency. In electrical interconnections this arises from a combination of the propagation time together with signal distortion caused by the frequency dependent attenuation characteristic of the transmission line and reflections from terminations, vias and other discontinuities. This gives latencies which increase supralinearly with increasing line length. The optical signal, however, propagates faster and has no frequency dependent delay, but a length independent delay is incurred in the electrical/optical interfaces, setting a lower limit on the distance over which optics offers an advantage. This trade-off is examined. Power consumption and interconnect density are also compared. Optical backplane geometries allowing unrestricted bi-directional connections (ie. any point to any other point) are less well defined, but a comparison has been made of one particular geometry based on a wideband bus consisting of up to eight nodes, each operating at 32 Gb/s.
Hydrogen Sensing Characteristics of Porous Pd/SiO<inf>2</inf>/GaN Schottky Diode (2007)

In this work, the porous Pd/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /GaN Schottky diode was fabricated by thermal evaporation (TE) for hydrogen sensing. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the studied device were measured under hydrogen concentrations of 15 - 9970 ppm H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /air and temperatures of 303 - 515 K. Furthermore, the hydrogen sensing performances of this device were investigated via the steady-state and transient detections. From experimental results, the studied device demonstrated excellent sensing performances with low detection limit (about ppb level), wide detection range (15 -9970 ppm), high sensitivity, and fast response and recovery rates (within several seconds for detection of 9970 ppm H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /air). For the detection of 15 ppm at 423 K, the relative sensitivity even reached to 490%. In addition, the relative sensitivity was increased as either the hydrogen concentration or the detection temperature was incresaed. As compared with the dense structured device, the porous structured Pd/ SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /GaN Schottky diode exhibited more superior sensing characteristics, especially at low hydrogen concentration with a relatively high sensitivity.
ISOMERIZATION OF N-BUTANE OVER Fe, Fe-Mn AND Ni PROMOTED SULFATED ZIRCONIA (2005)

The isomerization of n-butane was per- formed over Ni, Fe and Fe-Mn sulfated zirconia. Two preparation methods were employed differing in the sequence of promotion /sulfation steps. At 473K, for both preparation methods, Ni containing samples were the most active. The samples firstly promoted with Fe and Fe-Mn and subsequently sul- fated were more active than the similar catalysts for which the promotion was carried out upon sulfation; a close contact between the promoter species and sulfate groups would be the origin of the enhanced activity. At 373 K, an induction period was observed. TPR results indicated that no loss of sulfur takes places and that a sintering of metal promoter species occurs during reaction. The deactivation of samples would be related to coke formation and the blocking of anion vacancies of the zirconia.
Corneal Penetrating Elastin-Like Polypeptide Carriers (2015)

The ELP drug carrier can penetrate the corneal epithelium and accumulate in the stroma. Given its amenability for fusion to multiple types of therapeutic agents, ELP has the potential to serve as a drug carrier for topical ocular applications.
Motion estimation algorithm using interblock correlation (1990)

A new motion estimation algorithm that exploits the motion correlation of neighbour blocks in temporal and spatial directions is presented. Preliminary results indicate that this algorithm achieves significant savings on computation time and the amount of side information on motion vectors.