gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High frequency positive/negative pulse charger with power factor correction (2003)

Most fast battery chargers involve some form of pulse charging where a short high current charging pulse is followed by a rest period and in some cases a very short discharging pulse. In this paper, The first flyback power stage is used to generate the regulated output voltage with electrical isolation. The second power stage is a bi-directional buck/boost converter which can generate positive/negative charging pulse. In addition, the regenerative energy generated at the positive charging mode is feedback to the capacitor in series between the rectification bridge and filter capacitor. The power factor of the fast charger system is improved based on the energy feedback. Finally, the experimental results are developed to verify the proposed scheme.
DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED ALGORITHMS FOR ON-LINE DETECTION OF DRIVER DROWSINESS (1994)

This paper reports on an experimental study which developed improved algorithms for detection of driver drowsiness. Dependent and independent measures were combined to find an optimum combination that could be used to estimate the level of drowsiness. Detection algorithms were created through methods employing multiple regression and discriminant analyses. The paper provides an overview of the research and presents typical results of the detection algorithm development and corresponding detection accuracies.
Chimeric receptors indicate that phenylalanine 39 is a major contributor to insulin specificity of the insulin receptor (1994)

The exact nature of how the insulin molecule interacts with the insulin receptor is obscure although chimeric receptors have shown that the ligand specificity of the insulin receptor and the IGF-I receptor (i.e. the sequences that discriminate between insulin and insulin-like growth factor I) reside in different regions of a common binding site and that the N-terminal 68 amino acids of the insulin receptor are involved in conferring specificity for insulin on this receptor (Kjeldsen, T., Andersen, A. S., Wiberg, F. C., Rasmussen, J. S., Schäffer, L., Balschmidt, P., Møller, K. B., and Møller, N. P. H. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88, 4404-4408). Using chimeric insulin/IGF-I receptors to elucidate how the insulin receptor interacts with the insulin molecule we identified phenylalanine 39 of the insulin receptor as a major contributor in determining the receptor specificity for insulin, increasing insulin affinity 15-fold when replacing the corresponding amino acid in the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. Furthermore, replacement of the insulin receptor amino acid phenylalanine 39 with the corresponding IGF-I receptor amino acid, serine 35, decreased insulin affinity 8-fold.
Negative Regulation of <i>MDR</i>1 Promoter Activity in MCF-7, but Not in Multidrug Resistant MCF-7/Adr, Cells by Cross-Coupled NF-κB/p65 and c-Fos Transcription Factors and Their Interaction with the CAAT Region (1999)

In this study, the possible involvement of repressor protein(s) in suppressing MDR1 promoter activity in the sensitive MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and its drug resistant variant MCF-7/Adr was investigated. RT-PCR revealed that MDR1 mRNA is under detectable levels in MCF-7, while it is highly expressed in MCF-7/Adr cells. After treatment of MCF-7 cells with cycloheximide (CHX), MDR1 mRNA reached detectable levels, suggesting that MDR1 mRNA expression might be controlled by a labile negative regulatory protein(s) in MCF-7 cells. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) using a 5'-end-labeled 241 bp MDR1 promoter DNA fragment (residues -198 to +43) as a probe, one protein complex that specifically binds to the CAAT region of the MDR1 promoter was detected in MCF-7, but not MCF-7/Adr. In addition, following transient transfections of MCF-7 and MCF-7/Adr cells with a pGL3-Basic plasmid construct containing a CAAT-deleted MDR1 promoter DNA fragment, a significant increase in luciferase activity was observed compared to the 241 bp MDR1 promoter in MCF-7 but not MCF-7/Adr cells. Moreover, a ds CAAT oligomer, cloned upstream of the SV-40 promoter in the pGL3-Promoter vector, resulted in a 70-80% decrease in luciferase activity in MCF-7 cells. To identify the CAAT binding protein complex, EMSA and SDS-PAGE were performed. Two proteins with molecular masses of about 65 and 60 kDa were detected by silver staining. Western blot analysis revealed that this complex consists of NF-kappa B/p65 and c-Fos transcription factors. Moreover, incubating MCF-7 nuclear extracts with antibodies specific for NF-kappa B/p65 or c-Fos in EMSAs almost completely inhibited formation of the complex, supporting the association of NF-kappa B/p65 and c-Fos. Therefore, this study provides evidence that molecular interplay between the NF-kappa B/p65 and c-Fos transcription factors exhibits a negative regulatory function on MDR1 promoter by interacting with the CAAT region in MCF-7.
A Macro Cellular Wireless Network with Uniformly High User Throughputs (2014)

Traditional macro-cellular wireless networks are not capable of delivering even throughputs to all the users due to large variations in slow fading and inter-cell and inter-user interferences, and the throughputs for cell edge users are necessarily sacrificed to achieve an acceptable level of cell spectral efficiency. We show that this is not the case for large-scale antenna systems (LSAS, also known as Massive MIMO). Specifically, we show that by means of its superior beamforming and frequency response flattening capabilities, simple noncooperative uplink and downlink power controls can be devised for an LSAS macro-cellular wireless network to provide intra-cell equalized, multi-Mbps throughputs to all users. Compared with current LTE, a 64-antenna LSAS can provide cell edge throughputs with at least a ten-fold increase in the uplink and a significant gain in the downlink, and at the same time provide a total spectral efficiency per cell that quintuples in the uplink and triples in the downlink.
Predictors of successful catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation using the pulmonary vein isolation technique. (2004)

Type of Af and presence of mitral regurgitation are significant predictors of successful pulmonary vein isolation.
Two‐step radiosynthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]<i>N</i>‐succinimidyl‐4‐fluorobenzoate ([<sup>18</sup>F]SFB) (2009)

Abstract The acylation reagent [ 18 F] N ‐succinimidyl‐4‐fluorobenzoate ( 18 F‐SFB) has been prepared using a new two‐step approach. The starting material p‐ [ 18 F]fluorobenzaldehyde ( 18 F‐FBA) was obtained by an improved radiosynthesis with a decay‐corrected radiochemical yield of 66±6 % ( n =3). Reaction of 18 F‐FBA with (diacetoxyiodine)benzene and N ‐hydroxysuccinimide and preparative HPLC purification furnished 18 F‐SFB in an r.c.y. of 49±6 % ( n =3), based on the starting radioactivity of 18 F‐FBA. The radiochemical purity of 18 F‐SFB was >99%. Alternatively, purification by solid phase extraction gave 18 F‐SFB with an r.c.y. of 77±9% ( n =4) and a radiochemical purity of 89±5% ( n =4). This radiochemical synthesis only used non‐aqueous solvents, which simplifies the method and facilitates subsequent applications of 18 F‐SFB. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of two urothelium cancer cell lines derived from a blackfoot disease endemic area in Taiwan. (1996)

Established cancer cell lines with distinct characteristics are valuable in many aspects of in vitro study pertaining to tumor biology, as well as the possible geographic significance. Two long-term cell lines, BFTC905 and BFTC909, were established from primary transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of patients from a blackfoot disease endemic area in Taiwan, where the prevalence and standard mortality rates of this cancer are unusually high. BFTC905 derived from a grade III TCC of urinary bladder has an epitheloid morphology, and BFTC909 derived from the sarcomatoid component of a grade III TCC of renal pelvis exhibits a fibroblastic growth pattern. They share similar morphological and immunocytochemical characteristics with the tumors of origin, have multiple chromosomal aberrations, and are tumorigenic in nude mice. BFTC905 reveals a unique homogeneously staining region at 11q13, the amplification of which has been detected in 20% of transitional cell carcinoma. In addition to the rarity of renal pelvic origin, the vimentin expression associated with an aggressive clinical behavior and a relatively high tumorigenicity as demonstrated by BFTC909 cells has also rarely been mentioned in TCC cell lines, but has been well documented in vivo and in vitro in renal cell carcinoma and breast cancer.
Vertical RF Transition with Mechanical Fit for Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Integration (2008)

This paper presents the design, simulation and measurement of a vertical interconnect with mechanical fit for three-dimensional heterogeneous integration. The mechanical fit is a strategy employing interlocking SU-8 structures to transition between flip-chip style stacked chips through vertical CPW transmission lines. The mechanical fit is introduced in this paper to reduce flip-chip alignment difficulty and increase the reliability of the interconnects. This paper also describes a process for using pre-fabricated active ICs in a mechanical fit vertical configuration. Experimental results show excellent RF performance up to 50 GHz, with extremely low insertion loss (better than 0.25 dB at 40 GHz per transition). The transitions have been fabricated and tested for 380 m-thick silicon substrates with passive components and experiments are being conducted on active components.
Effects of Waterjet Treatment on Surface Integrity of Metals and its Optimization (2014)

The study addresses the effect of multiple jet passes and other parameters namely feedrate, water pressure and standoff distance in waterjet peening of metallic
surfaces. An analysis of surface integrity was used to evaluate the performance of
different parameters in the process. An increase in the number of jet passes and
pressure leads to a higher roughness and more erosion and also a higher hardness.
In contrast, the feedrate shows a reverse effect on those surface characteristics.
There exists a specific value of standoff distance that results in the maximum surface
roughness, erosion as well as hardness. Analysis of the surface microstructure gave
a good insight into the mechanism material removal process involving initial and
evolved damage. Also, the waterjet peening process was optimized based on the
design of experiment approach. The developed empirical models had shown
reasonable correlations between the measured and predicted responses. A proper selection of waterjet peening parameters can be formulated to be used in practical
works.
Electrophysiological assessment of retinal ganglion cell function (2015)

The function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can be non-invasively assessed in experimental and genetic models of glaucoma by means of variants of the ERG technique that emphasize the activity of inner retina neurons. The best understood technique is the Pattern Electroretinogram (PERG) in response to contrast-reversing gratings or checkerboards, which selectively depends on the presence of functional RGCs. In glaucoma models, the PERG can be altered before histological loss of RGCs; PERG alterations may be either reversed with moderate IOP lowering or exacerbated with moderate IOP elevation. Under particular luminance-stimulus conditions, the Flash-ERG displays components that may reflect electrical activity originating in the proximal retina and be altered in some experimental glaucoma models (positive Scotopic Threshold response, pSTR; negative Scotopic Threshold Response, nSTR; Photopic Negative Response, PhNR; Oscillatory Potentials, OPs; multifocal ERG, mfERG). It is not yet known which of these components is most sensitive to glaucomatous damage. Electrophysiological assessment of RGC function appears to be a necessary outcome measure in experimental glaucoma models, which complements structural assessment and may even predict it. Neuroprotective strategies could be tested based on enhancement of baseline electrophysiological function that results in improved RGC survival. The use of electrophysiology in glaucoma models may be facilitated by specifically designed instruments that allow high throughput, robust assessment of electrophysiological function.
CONDITIONED DRIVES AS MOTIVES IN THE RAT. (1955)

Three experiments are described in which rats were given the experience of electric shock, food deprivation, and water deprivation while being confined in a white compartment. Subsequently reduction of these states was secured by allowing the animals to escape to a black compartment where, depending on the experiment, there was absence of shock, food available, water available. When the rats were re-placed in the white compartment in the absence of shock, or satiated for food or water, it was found that they learned to operate a bar and a wheel to escape into the black compartment. Since it was also found that the subjects would also operate a bar or a wheel, or both devices, to pass from black to white compartments, in many cases, attachment of states of “fear”, hunger, or thirst, to whiteness and the alleviation of these states to blackness was discounted. A general escape association to the apparatus as a whole was hypothesized.
THE USE OF GRANZYME A AS A MARKER OF HEART TRANSPLANT REJECTION IN CYCLOSPORINE OR ANTI-CD4 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-TREATED RATS (1993)

Granzyme A is a serine protease expressed by populations of human and mouse natural killer cells and activated CD4+ and CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes; its expression marks a subset of inflammatory cells in allografts, autoimmune diabetes, and a number of other inflammatory lesions. In order to describe more completely the correlation between granzyme A expression and the presence of in vivo cytolytic effects, we grafted allogeneic rat hearts with vascular anastomoses in a heterotopic location, and treated the hosts with either cyclosporine, anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MRC OX38), or no therapy. The grafts were evaluated by palpation for cardiac functions, by immunohistochemistry for CD4/CD8 expression, by hematoxylin-and-eosin staining for inflammatory infiltration, and by in situ hybridization for granzyme A expression. The appearance of granzyme A+ cells in untreated allografts preceded both functional and standard histopathological and immunohistochemical evidence of graft rejection by two days. In donor-recipient combinations where cyclosporine and anti-CD4 treatments allowed indefinite allograft survival, the allografts showed minimal numbers of granzyme A+ cells, whether cellular infiltrates developed or not. The number of granzyme A+ cells present in the cardiac allografts in treated and untreated animals correlated with either current or impending episodes of rejection. The early time course of granzyme A expression suggests that it can be used as an early and reliable marker of graft rejection.
Reusable Solid-Phase Supports for Oligonucleotide Synthesis Using Hydroquinone-<i>O,O'</i>-diacetic Acid (“Q-Linker”) (1999)

Abstract Reusable solid-phase supports for large scale oligonucleotide synthesis have been prepared by converting amino derivatized supports into hydroxyl supports. Rapid nucleo side attachment, via a Q-linker arm, was automatically performed on the DNA synthesizer using HBTU and DMAP as the coupling reagents. All steps were suitable for automation and ∼ 1.5 h was required to prepare the supports for reuse. Up to twelve consecutive syntheses of a 20-mer phosphorothioate were performed on a synthesis column.
Sonographically Guided Percutaneous Carpal Tunnel Release (2005)

Minimally invasive techniques have become the standard of care for multiple procedures. This paper demonstrates both the surgeons' capacity to perform an accurate anatomic evaluation of the hand and forearm (n=10) and the use of this anatomic information to accurately perform sonographically guided, percutaneous carpal tunnel release using a single-portal endoscope without direct or indirect visualization in a cadaver model (n=6). Open dissection was then performed to confirm complete ligament transection and to evaluate the surrounding structures for injury. In all 6 cadavers, the transverse carpal ligament was transected completely without injury to any surrounding structures. With further investigation, this novel technique may offer a less invasive, office-based method for the surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome that may offer patients an expedited recovery.
Accurate Anisotropic Fast Marching for Diffusion‐Based Geodesic Tractography (2007)

Using geodesics for inferring white matter fibre tracts from diffusion-weighted MR data is an attractive method for at least two reasons: (i) the method optimises a global criterion, and hence is less sensitive to local perturbations such as noise or partial volume effects, and (ii) the method is fast, allowing to infer on a large number of connexions in a reasonable computational time. Here, we propose an improved fast marching algorithm to infer on geodesic paths. Specifically, this procedure is designed to achieve accurate front propagation in an anisotropic elliptic medium, such as DTI data. We evaluate the numerical performance of this approach on simulated datasets, as well as its robustness to local perturbation induced by fiber crossing. On real data, we demonstrate the feasibility of extracting geodesics to connect an extended set of brain regions.
Retrieving information from data flow diagrams (2002)

For reverse engineering, we need tools that can extract information from documents written before routine digital storage was feasible. Documents contain both text and diagrams; data flow diagrams play a prominent role in software documents. Using current techniques, it is possible to recover the information in a data flow diagram by scanning the printed document and processing the data obtained. Feature extraction and syntax analysis enable the construction of a validated, formalized model of the data flow diagram. Understanding, however, requires a semantic interpretation. We describe a semantic model for data flow diagrams using general techniques that can be applied to other kinds of diagram. We argue that a semantic model is an essential component of a document understanding system; without a semantic model, it is difficult or impossible to extract useful information from a document.
SLAM: Simultaneous Localization and Mapping of small sized ground robotic vehicles (2014)

We require knowing the real time location of a small sized ground robotic vehicle when it performs any task indoors or outdoors. I am implementing low cost, self contained localization system for small sized vehicles. SLAM provides most accurate real time, 3D positions in both indoor as well as outdoor environments. Unlike other localization schemes it does not require external reference, expensive hardware, and strict calibration which are capable of operating in different environments. It identifies relative movement through compass sensor and MEMS sensor. It also corrects the localization drift by GPS augmentation. The complexity of the technical processes of locating and mapping under conditions of errors and noise do not allow for a coherent solution of both tasks. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a concept that binds these processes in a loop and therefore supports the continuity of both aspects in separated processes.
CRUST: Cryptographic Remote Untrusted Storage without Public Keys (2007)

This paper presents CRUST, a stackablefile system layer designed to provide secure file sharing over remote untrusted storage systems. CRUST is intended to be layered over insecure network file systems without changing the existing systems. In our approach, data at rest is kept encrypted, and data integrity and access control are provided by cryptographic means. Our design completely avoids public-key cryptography operations and uses more efficient symmetric-key alternatives to achieve improved performance. As a generic and self-contained system, CRUST includes its own in-band key distribution mechanism and does not rely on any special capabilities of the server or the clients. We have implemented CRUST as a Linux file system and shown that it performs comparably with typical underlying file systems, while providing significantly stronger security.
Factors Adversely Affecting Student Learning in the Clinical Learning Environment: A Student Perspective (2008)

Based on these students' perceptions, effective clerkships should present students with patients with a variety of health problems who can be examined both independently and with supervision. Continuity of supervision is important and can be addressed by assigning a teacher or mentor to each student.
The Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis Cohort in the CARRA Registry: Clinical Characteristics, Classification, and Outcomes (2017)

The data support division of patients with JPsA into 2 clinical subgroups, according to age at disease onset. Improvement in objective findings did not correlate with changes in HQ scores. Pediatric rheumatologists currently do not diagnose JPsA in all children whose disease manifestations meet CASPAR criteria. Unification of adult and pediatric PsA classification criteria warrants consideration.
Temporal Data And The Relational Model (2006)

From the Publisher:
Temporal database systems are systems that provide special support for storing, querying, and updating historical and/or future data. Current DBMSs provide essentially no temporal features at all, but this situation is likely to change soon for a variety of reasons; in fact, temporal databases are virtually certain to become important sooner rather than later, in the commercial world as well as in academia. This book provides an in-depth description of the foundations and principles on which those temporal DBMSs will be built. These foundations and principles are firmly rooted in the relational model of data; thus, they represent an evolutionary step, not a revolutionary one, and they will stand the test of time. 
This book is arranged in three parts and a set of appendixes: * Preliminaries: Provides a detailed review of the relational model, and an overview of the Tutorial D language.
* Laying the Foundations: Explains basic temporal data problems and introduces fundamental constructs and operators for addressing those problems.
* Building on the Foundations: Applies the material of the previous part to issues of temporal database design, temporal constraints, temporal query and update, and much more.
* Appendixes: Include annotated references and bibliography, implementation considerations, and other topics.
KEY FEATURES: * Describes a truly relational approach to the temporal data problem.
* Addresses implementation as well as model issues.
* Covers recent research on new database design techniques, a new normal form, new relational operators, new update operators, a new approach to the problem of granularity, support for cyclic pointtypes, and other matters.
* Includes review questions and exercises in every chapter.
* Suitable for both reference and tutorial purposes.
Physical and chemical hydrogeology (1990)

The Origin of Porosity and Permeability. Ground-Water Movement. Main Equations of Flow, Boundary Conditions, and Flow Nets. Ground Water in the Basin Hydrologic Cycle. Hydraulic Testing: Models, Methods, and Applications. Ground Water as a Resource. Stress, Strain, and Pore Fluids. Heat Transport in Ground-Water Flow. Solute Transport. Principles of Aqueous Geochemistry. Chemical Reactions. Colloids and Microorganisms. The Equations of Mass Transport. Mass Transport in Natural Ground-Water Systems. Mass Transport in Ground-Water Flow: Geologic Systems. Introduction to Contaminant Hydrogeology. Modeling the Transport of Dissolved Contaminants. Multiphase Fluid Systems. Remediation: Overview and Removal Options. In Situ Destruction and Risk Assessment. Answers to Problems. Appendices. References. Index.