gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Constraint Sampling in the Linear Programming Approach to Approximate Dynamic Programming (2004)

In the linear programming approach to approximate dynamic programming, one tries to solve a certain linear program—the ALP—that has a relatively small number K of variables but an intractable number M of constraints. In this paper, we study a scheme that samples and imposes a subset of m≪M constraints. A natural question that arises in this context is: How must m scale with respect to K and M in order to ensure that the resulting approximation is almost as good as one given by exact solution of the ALP? We show that, given an idealized sampling distribution and appropriate constraints on the K variables, m can be chosen independently of M and need grow only as a polynomial in K. We interpret this result in a context involving controlled queueing networks.
Removing JTAG bottlenecks in system interconnect test (2005)

This work presents a new methodology that removes JTAG bottlenecks in system interconnect test. JTAG test has a limitation by targeting only low-speed testing. But, the system interconnect test requires the test to be run at system clock speed through the cluster of the network and also needs to diagnose the skew and delay characteristics of the cluster. Resolving the synchronization issue between a high-speed pattern clock and TCK, the proposed technique enables high frequency interconnection testing, cluster testing, and delay testing. Experimental results with test vehicles show that the test technique can be used with complex interconnections including differential signal lines, AC coupling, latency, and optical signal interconnections.
Encoded universality from a single physical interaction (2001)

We present a theoretical analysis of the paradigm of encoded universality, using a Lie algebraic analysis to derive specific conditions under which physical interactions can provide universality. We discuss the significance of the tensor product structure in the quantum circuit model and use this to define the conjoining of encoded qudits. The construction of encoded gates between conjoined qudits is discussed in detail. We illustrate the general procedures with several examples from exchange-only quantum computation. In particular, we extend our earlier results showing universality with the isotropic exchange interaction to the derivation of encoded universality with the anisotropic exchange interaction, i.e., to the XY model. In this case the minimal encoding for universality is into qutrits rather than into qubits as was the case for isotropic (Heisenberg) exchange. We also address issues of fault-tolerance, leakage and correction of encoded qudits.
The molecular biology of UDP-glucuronyltransferases (1987)

Conference Article| August 01 1987 The molecular biology of UDP-glucuronyltransferases B. BURCHELL; B. BURCHELL 1Department of Biochemistry, The University, Dundee, DDl 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. R. JACKSON; M. R. JACKSON 1Department of Biochemistry, The University, Dundee, DDl 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. B. COARSER; R. B. COARSER 1Department of Biochemistry, The University, Dundee, DDl 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. W. H. COUGHTRIE; M. W. H. COUGHTRIE 1Department of Biochemistry, The University, Dundee, DDl 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D. HARDING; D. HARDING 1Department of Biochemistry, The University, Dundee, DDl 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. H. SHEPHERD; S. H. SHEPHERD 1Department of Biochemistry, The University, Dundee, DDl 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. M. WILSON S. M. WILSON 1Department of Biochemistry, The University, Dundee, DDl 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1987) 15 (4): 581–584. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150581 Article history Received: February 05 1987 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation B. BURCHELL, M. R. JACKSON, R. B. COARSER, M. W. H. COUGHTRIE, D. HARDING, S. H. SHEPHERD, S. M. WILSON; The molecular biology of UDP-glucuronyltransferases. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1987; 15 (4): 581–584. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150581 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: UDPGT, UDP-glucuronyltransferase, kb, kilobases © 1987 Biochemical Society1987 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Noninvasive ultrasonic carotid angiography: prospective validation by contrast arteriography. (1976)

Pulsed ultrasonic images of the carotid bifurcation in 82 vessels of 43 patients were compared independently with contrast arteriograms for stenosis (by percentage quartiles) or occlusion of the internal carotid artery. All 14 occluded vessels were identified correctly by ultrasound but were visualized on repeat examination. Estimation of percentage stenosis on ultrasonic images agreed with the quartile determination by contrast arteriography in 35 of 68 (51 percent) vessels and was within one quartile of correct interpretation in 48 of 68 (71 percent). The interpretative error of grading stenosis of ultrasonic images was due to vascular wall calcification which inhibited ultrasound transmission. This limitation was overcome by sound spectral (sonographic) analysis of distal internal carotid flow velocity which allowed estimation of stenosis within one quartile of that determined by contrast arteriography in 46 of 47 (98 percent) vessels.
Named entity disambiguation in a question answering system. (2014)

In this paper, we describe how we use a named entity disambiguation module to merge entities in a question answering system. The question answering system uses a baseline passage retrieval component that extracts paragraphs from the Swedish version of Wikipedia. The passages are indexed and ranked using the Lucene platform. Prior to the indexing, we carried out a recognition and disambiguation of the named entities. We used the Stagger part-of-speech tagger to tag the documents and we implemented a disambiguation module. We extracted and merged the answer candidates using their wikidata Q-number. This enables the question-answering system to benefit from the synonymy facility of Wikipedia as well as an extended set of properties.
7-Azaindole. V. Investigations of Alternative Syntheses of the Ring System<sup>1,2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT7-Azaindole. V. Investigations of Alternative Syntheses of the Ring System1,2Shigenobu Okuda and Michael M. RobisonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 3, 740–743Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01512a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01512a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1125Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Random Copolymers from Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 12 by Reactive Extrusion: Synthesis, Eutectic Phase Behavior, and Polymorphism (2016)

Random copolymers from polyamide 11 (PA11) and polyamide 12 (PA12) were obtained from the parent homopolymers by transamidation reactions during high-temperature reactive extrusion. Concomitantly, the product molecular weight increased by postcondensation reactions. With both species being crystallizable, eutectic phase behavior was observed and explained in terms of the Flory theory for random copolymer melting. Close to the eutectic composition, both species crystallize in a competitive mode, which induces mesomorphic phase formation. Although the crystal centers most likely remain PA11 or PA12 pure, it is argued that foreign comonomer units might be tolerated at the crystal borders, at least for PA11 crystals. To understand the copolymer crystallization behavior in general, large amounts of rigid amorphous material need to be created alongside the crystallites. Because of their low melting point and since the crystallinity and mechanical performance typical of the parent homopolymers are preserved, random PA11/PA12 copolymers are suited for blending with thermally unstable (biobased) substances.
Modified Gath-Geva fuzzy clustering for identification of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models (2002)

The construction of interpretable Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models by means of clustering is addressed. First, it is shown how the antecedent fuzzy sets and the corresponding consequent parameters of the TS model can be derived from clusters obtained by the Gath-Geva (GG) algorithm. To preserve the partitioning of the antecedent space, linearly transformed input variables can be used in the model. This may, however, complicate the interpretation of the rules. To form an easily interpretable model that does not use the transformed input variables, a new clustering algorithm is proposed, based on the expectation-maximization (EM) identification of Gaussian mixture models. This new technique is applied to two well-known benchmark problems: the MPG (miles per gallon) prediction and a simulated second-order nonlinear process. The obtained results are compared with results from the literature.
Application of a surface-acoustic-wave device for measurement of liquid flow rate (1990)

The use of a surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) device to measure the flow rate of liquids is described. A delay-line stabilized SAW oscillator heated to a suitable temperature above ambient is cooled by the flowing fluid. This results in a change in the oscillator frequency. The frequency of a 68-MHz oscillator operated at 9 degrees C above ambient is found to vary by more than 40 kHz for variation in water flow rate from 0 to 0.8 ml/min. Attractive features of this device include the ability to measure very low flow rates (less than 0.1 mul/min) and direct digital output. However, since this is a thermal type of flow sensor, the temperature of the fluid will be slightly elevated during its passage through the flow cell. The device should be useful in applications where low flow rates have to be monitored.
Purification, characterization and serological detection of virus-like particles associated with banana bunchy top disease in Australia (1991)

Isometric virus-like particles, 18 nm in diameter, have been isolated from banana (Musa spp.) affected by bunchy top disease in Australia. Banana bunchy top disease-associated virus-like particles (BBTV) banded as a single component with buoyant density of 1.28 to 1.29 g/ml in Cs2SO4 and sedimented at about 46S in isokinetic sucrose density gradients. The A260/A280 of purified preparations was about 1.33. A single coat protein of Mr 20,500 was identified with antibodies to BBTV particles from Australia. Single-stranded DNA of about 1 kb as well as ssRNA smaller than 0.45 kb was also associated with the particles. A polyclonal antiserum to BBTV, suitable for use in ELISA, was prepared. Stability and antigenicity of purified BBTV was impaired by storage at pH greater than or equal to 8.5 and freezing at -20 degrees C without protectants. BBTV was detected by double antibody sandwich-ELISA with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, in field-infected banana plants, single aphids from an infective colony, and in experimentally aphid-inoculated banana plants. After transmission of BBTV particles by aphids from a banana bunchy top disease-affected to an uninfected banana plant, the disease was induced and BBTV was detected by ELISA in symptomatic leaves only. BBTV isolates from Australia, Taiwan, People's Republic of China, Tonga, Western Samoa and Hawaii were found to be serologically related, which suggests a common aetiology for the disease.
Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieve Three-Dimensional Nanostructures (2005)

Cryptomelane-type manganese oxide octahedral molecular (OMS) sieve three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures were synthesized via facile temple-free low-temperature hydrothermal reactions. Morphologies of the cryptomelane-type OMS-2 nanoparticles with tunnel dimension of 4.6 x 4.6 A can be tuned by varying reaction temperatures. At low temperature (120 degrees C), OMS-2 dendritic nanoclusters composed of uniform single-crystal nanotetragonal prisms with square cross-sections were formed. At high temperature (180 degrees C), the morphologies of OMS-2 became spherical dandelion-like microspheres composed of uniform single-crystal OMS-2 nanoneedles. Slow oxidation of Mn(2+) by Cr(2)O(7)(-) under hydrothermal conditions is critical for the formation of the hierarchically ordered OMS-2 3D nanostructures.
A role for quercetin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) (2020)

Several months ago, an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology was detected in Wuhan City (China) and the aetiological agent of the atypical pneumonia was isolated by the Chinese authorities as novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2). The WHO announced this new disease was to be known as "COVID-19." When looking for new antiviral compounds, knowledge of the main viral proteins is fundamental. The major druggable targets of SARS-CoV-2 include 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and spike (S) protein. Quercetin inhibits 3CLpro and PLpro with a docking binding energy corresponding to -6.25 and -4.62 kcal/mol, respectively. Quercetin has a theoretical, but significant, capability to interfere with SARS-CoV-2 replication, with the results showing this to be the fifth best compound out of 18 candidates. On the basis of the clinical COVID-19 manifestations, the multifaceted aspect of quercetin as both antiinflammatory and thrombin-inhibitory actions, should be taken into consideration.
RAP-PCR Using RNA from Tissue Microdissection (2003)

Cell culture provides powerful models for studying cell biology, but many pathologic states cannot be appropriately studied without tissue-based approaches. We have developed a tissue-based microdissection method for molecular analysis and have chosen premalignant breast disease for study. This approach requires methods for selective isolation and enrichment of particular cell types to prevent trivial results gained by comparison of tissue samples that differ in percent epithelial cells, presence of inflammatory cells, and so on.
Preferential Packing of Acidic Glycosidases and Proteases into <i>Bacteroides</i> Outer Membrane Vesicles (2014)

Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. OMV have been proposed to play several different roles during both pathogenesis and symbiosis. Despite the fact that OMV were described several decades ago, their biogenesis is a poorly characterized process. Whether OMV are produced by an active mechanism or by passive disintegration of the OM is a still matter of controversy. Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are important members of the human microbiota. In this work, we determined and compared the protein compositions of OM and OMV from B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron. SDS-PAGE analysis of both fractions revealed dramatically different protein profiles. Proteomic analysis of OM and OMV in B. fragilis identified more than 40 proteins found exclusively in OMV and more than 30 proteins detectable only in the OM. The OMV-specific proteome showed a high prevalence of glycosidases and proteases, some of which were shown to be active in vitro. Similar results were obtained for B. thetaiotaomicron. Most of the OMV-exclusive proteins were acidic. Based on these results, we propose that these species possess machinery devoted to selectively pack acidic proteins into the OMV. These OMV equipped with hydrolytic enzymes could help in securing nutrients for the benefit of the whole bacterial community present in the microbiota, uncovering a novel function for bacterial OMV. IMPORTANCE The members of genus Bacteroides are key players in the symbiosis between the human host and the gut microbiota. It is known for its ability to degrade a wide variety of glycans that are not substrates for human glycosidases. The cleaved glycans can be utilized by Bacteroides and other microbiota members, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for the host. Although members of the genus Bacteroides are known to secrete different hydrolases, their secretion pathways remain uncharacterized. In this article, we show that B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron preferentially pack a large number of hydrolases in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). Most of these hydrolases are acidic and were detected exclusively in OMV. This suggests the presence of a molecular mechanism in Bacteroides responsible for the selection of OMV proteins based on their charge. We propose that OMV contribute to the establishment and balance of the gut microbiota.
Biochemical and physicochemical characterization of a mitogen obtained from an oriental crude drug, Tohki (Angelica actiloba KITAGAWA). (1983)

Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of an immunomodulator, which is a non-dialyzable and acetone precipitable material(s) extracted with hot water from Angelica actiloba KITAGAWA (Yamato Tohki) (AIP), were investigated. AIP was composed of about 90% sugar and 10% protein. The major polysaccharide was identified as pectic substance(s) because its main component sugars were found to be arabinose, glucose, and galacturonic acid by gas liquid chromatographic analysis. The pectic substance(s) was not concerned with the mitogenicity of AIP since the activity was similar before and after pectinase(endo-polygalacturonase) treatment. More than half of the mitogenicity was destroyed by acid or alkali treatment. With pronase treatment, the activity was not affected, but the molecular weight of the mitogen was lowered. In addition, the mitogenic substance was partially purified from AIP by pectinase treatment and Westphal's phenol/water fractionation. The partially purified mitogenic substance(s) was rich in protein. These facts suggest that the mitogenicity of AIP was carried by a heat stable and protease resistant protein.
High-pressure polarimetric sensor using birefringent optical fibers (1990)

A fiber-optic high-pressure sensor has been developed for a pressure range up to 200 MPa and for a standard range of temperatures. The sensor is based on the effect of polarization coupling between two orthogonally polarized eigenmodes of a highly birefringent, polarization-preserving optical fiber used as a sensing element. When linearly polarized light is launched into such a fiber at 45 degrees to each of its principal axes of polarization, the output signal (monitored in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the major axis of the polarization state of the light exiting from the fiber) is directly dependent on external pressure. The sensing element was configured inside a high-pressure chamber using a specially designed fiber-optic lead-through system. This configuration is very flexible and can be easily altered to fit a specific application. Preliminary tests of the sensor show that its sensitivity is far superior to that of currently used solid-state sensors for high pressure. It can also be adjusted readily to a specified pressure range through an appropriate choice of wavelengths and sensor dimensions. Since it is immune to electromagnetic interference and safe in explosive environments, it is expected to find numerous industrial applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sequence Analysis of the Human Virome in Febrile and Afebrile Children (2012)

Unexplained fever (UF) is a common problem in children under 3 years old. Although virus infection is suspected to be the cause of most of these fevers, a comprehensive analysis of viruses in samples from children with fever and healthy controls is important for establishing a relationship between viruses and UF. We used unbiased, deep sequencing to analyze 176 nasopharyngeal swabs (NP) and plasma samples from children with UF and afebrile controls, generating an average of 4.6 million sequences per sample. An analysis pipeline was developed to detect viral sequences, which resulted in the identification of sequences from 25 viral genera. These genera included expected pathogens, such as adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and roseoloviruses, plus viruses with unknown pathogenicity. Viruses that were unexpected in NP and plasma samples, such as the astrovirus MLB-2, were also detected. Sequencing allowed identification of virus subtype for some viruses, including roseoloviruses. Highly sensitive PCR assays detected low levels of viruses that were not detected in approximately 5 million sequences, but greater sequencing depth improved sensitivity. On average NP and plasma samples from febrile children contained 1.5- to 5-fold more viral sequences, respectively, than samples from afebrile children. Samples from febrile children contained a broader range of viral genera and contained multiple viral genera more frequently than samples from children without fever. Differences between febrile and afebrile groups were most striking in the plasma samples, where detection of viral sequence may be associated with a disseminated infection. These data indicate that virus infection is associated with UF. Further studies are important in order to establish the range of viral pathogens associated with fever and to understand of the role of viral infection in fever. Ultimately these studies may improve the medical treatment of children with UF by helping avoid antibiotic therapy for children with viral infections.
Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet (2015)

The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system. Here, we revise and update the planetary boundary framework, with a focus on the underpinning biophysical science, based on targeted input from expert research communities and on more general scientific advances over the past 5 years. Several of the boundaries now have a two-tier approach, reflecting the importance of cross-scale interactions and the regional-level heterogeneity of the processes that underpin the boundaries. Two core boundaries—climate change and biosphere integrity—have been identified, each of which has the potential on its own to drive the Earth system into a new state should they be substantially and persistently transgressed.