gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A software for insurance consultancy (2013)

In India there are many insurance companies providing insurance policies under different terms and conditions. A common man is ignorant about the most suitable policy according to his needs. So we present a paper Smart Insurance decision support system which is based on Crowd sourcing. It is a web application which supports decision making. It acts like an insurance consultant who gives the appropriate opinion to the customers based on the details filled by them like personal information, financial details, family details etc. The policy maker algorithm performs analysis on that data. Based on the result of analysis, description of suitable policies with their links redirected to actual web sites will be displayed to the user. Finally it guides the user so that they can register themselves for those insurance policies which they find suitable.
Nucleosides. 1. 9-(3'-Alkyl-3'-deoxy-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)adenines as lipophilic analogs of cordycepin. Synthesis and preliminary biological studies (1976)

A series of lipophilic 9-(3'-alkyl-3'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)adenines of increasing chain length was synthesized from the corresponding branched sugars via titanium chloride catalyzed ribosylation of chloromercuri-6-benzamidopurine. Enhanced growth inhibitory activity was observed against (CCRF-CEM human lymphoblastic leukemia cells in culture as the length of the alkyl side chain in the sugar and the resultant lipophilic character of the nucleoside were increased. Experiments involving incorporation of radiolabeled uridine, thymidine, and leucine revealed that in contrast to cordycepin (1) the 3'-n-butyl and 3'-n-hexyl analogues 5 and 6 markedly inhibit not only RNA synthesis but DNA and protein synthesis as well.
Enhanced magnetic performance of metal-organic nanowire arrays by FeCo/polypyrrole co-electrodeposition (2013)

FeCo/polypyrrole (PPy) composite nanowire array, which shows enhanced magnetic remanence and coercivity along the nanowires, was fabricated by AC electrodeposition using anodic aluminum oxide templates. High resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that PPy grows on the surface of FeCo nanowires forming a coaxial nanowire structure, with a coating layer of about 4 nm. It suggests that the decreased dipolar interaction due to the reduced nanowire diameters is responsible for the enhancement of magnetic performance. The possible mechanism of this coating may be that PPy is inclined to nucleate along the pore wall of the templates.
Wavelet packets for multi- and hyper-spectral imagery (2009)

State of the art dimension reduction and classification schemes in multi- and hyper-spectral imaging rely primarily on the information contained in the spectral component. To better capture the joint spatial and spectral data distribution we combine the Wavelet Packet Transform with the linear dimension reduction method of Principal Component Analysis. Each spectral band is decomposed by means of the Wavelet Packet Transform and we consider a joint entropy across all the spectral bands as a tool to exploit the spatial information. Dimension reduction is then applied to the Wavelet Packets coefficients. We present examples of this technique for hyper-spectral satellite imaging. We also investigate the role of various shrinkage techniques to model non-linearity in our approach.
PDMS microfludic device for optical detection of protein immunoassay using gold nanoparticles (2005)

A simple but highly specific immunoassay system for goat anti-human IgG has been developed using gold nanoparticles and microfluidic techniques. The assay is based on the deposition of gold nanoparticles that are coated with protein antigens in the presence of their corresponding antibodies to microfluidic channel surface. The effects of time accumulation, the flow velocity, and the concentration of antibodies to the red light absorption percentage (RAP) of deposition were investigated with an ordinary optical microscope. By controlling the reaction time and flow velocity, a dynamic range of 3 orders of magnitude and a detection sensitivity of 10 ng ml(-1) of goat anti-human IgG were achieved. Because of its simplicity and flexibility, this new technique should be useful for fast, highthroughput screening of antibodies in clinical diagnostic applications.
Reduced grid-cell–like representations in adults at genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests with memory loss and spatial disorientation. AD pathology starts in the entorhinal cortex, making it likely that local neural correlates of spatial navigation, particularly grid cells, are impaired. Grid-cell-like representations in humans can be measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that young adults at genetic risk for AD (APOE-ε4 carriers) exhibit reduced grid-cell-like representations and altered navigational behavior in a virtual arena. Both changes were associated with impaired spatial memory performance. Reduced grid-cell-like representations were also related to increased hippocampal activity, potentially reflecting compensatory mechanisms that prevent overt spatial memory impairment in APOE-ε4 carriers. Our results provide evidence of behaviorally relevant entorhinal dysfunction in humans at genetic risk for AD, decades before potential disease onset.
Methodologies for measuring the setting times of mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement products used in dentistry (2016)

<b>Objective</b> The current standard used to measure setting time for Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) involves indentation testing with arbitrary weights. This study compared indentation testing against rheological measurements and assessed the influences of particle size and the inclusion of bismuth oxide on the setting time of experimental MTA and Portland cement (PC). <b>Material and methods</b> Two PCs (P1 and P2) of different particle sizes were produced using the same clinker. From these two PCs, two experimental MTAs (M1 and M2) were created with the addition of bismuth oxide. Particle size distributions were assessed using laser diffraction analysis. Indentation setting time tests were performed in accordance to the Gillmore needle test. Elastic modulus was assessed using a strain-controlled rheometer at 1 rad s<sup>-1</sup> and an applied strain of 0.01%. <b>Results</b> P1, P2, M1 and M2 cements had median particle sizes of 6.1, 12.5, 6.5 and 13.0 μm, respectively. Using indentation testing, final setting times were ranked P1 < M1 < P2 < M2. The ranking of the final setting time corresponded with the rheological assessment of time required to reach 95% of the elastic modulus plateau. <b>Conclusions</b> The time to reach 95% elastic modulus plateau of 9.3 min corresponds to a time close to the point where the material can be overlaid with another restorative material to give a final restoration. The 95% plateau value for elastic modulus may be a more useful parameter for determining how the setting reaction of PC and MTA cements progress over time.
Cardiovascular Interactions between Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Angiotensin II (2018)

Both the activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and elevations of circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in chronic kidney disease. To investigate potential cross-talk between RAAS and FGF-23, we administered angiotensin II (Ang II) to wild-type rodents and the Hyp mouse model of excess FGF-23. Ang II administration for four weeks to wild-type rodents resulted in significant increases in systolic blood pressure and LVH. Unexpectedly, FGF-23 circulating levels were increased by 1.5-1.7 fold in Ang II treated animals. In addition, Ang II treatment increased expression of FGF-23 message levels in bone, the predominant tissue for FGF-23 production, and induced expression of FGF-23 and its co-receptor α-Klotho in the heart, which normally does not express FGF-23 or α-Klotho in physiologically relevant levels. Hyp mice with elevated FGF-23 exhibited increased blood pressure and LVH at baseline. Ang II administration to Hyp mice resulted further increments in blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy, consistent with additive cardiovascular effects. These findings suggest that FGF-23 may participate in unexpected systemic and paracrine networks regulating hemodynamic and myocardial responses.
Finite state machine state assignment for area and power minimization (2006)

In this paper, we address the problem of FSM state assignment to minimize area and power. The objectives are targeted as single/independent as well as multi-objective optimization (MOP) problems. Methods for estimating area and power of an FSM are presented. A fuzzy-based aggregation function is employed to combine the two objectives. The work employs genetic algorithm for search space exploration. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed measures.
Iron(III) Chloride: A VersatileCatalyst for the Practical Synthesis of 3-Sulfenylindoles (2009)

The direct sulfenylation of indoles with aromatic thiols has been accomplished in the presence of 20 mol% of FeCl3 in refluxing acetonitrile to produce 3-arylthioindoles in relatively good to excellent yields and with high selectivity. This method works even with 2-unsubstituted indoles.
Multimodal targeting of tumor vasculature and cancer stem-like cells in sarcomas with VEGF-A inhibition, HIF-1α inhibition, and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy (2016)

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) inhibition with pazopanib is an approved therapy for sarcomas, but likely results in compensatory pathways such as upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). In addition, cancer stem-like cells can preferentially reside in hypoxic regions of tumors and be resistant to standard chemotherapies. In this study, we hypothesized that the combination of VEGF-A inhibition, HIF-1α inhibition, and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy with evofosfamide would be an effective multimodal strategy. Multimodal therapy was examined in one genetically engineered and two xenograft mouse models of sarcoma. In all three models, multimodal therapy showed greater efficacy than any single agent therapy or bimodality therapy in blocking tumor growth. Even after cessation of therapy, tumors treated with multimodal therapy remained relatively dormant for up to 2 months. Compared to the next best bimodality therapy, multimodal therapy caused 2.8-3.3 fold more DNA damage, 1.5-2.7 fold more overall apoptosis, and 2.3-3.6 fold more endothelial cell-specific apoptosis. Multimodal therapy also decreased microvessel density and HIF-1α activity by 85-90% and 79-89%, respectively, compared to controls. Sarcomas treated with multimodal therapy had 95-96% depletion of CD133(+) cancer stem-like ells compared to control tumors. Sarcoma cells grown as spheroids to enrich for CD133(+) cancer stem-like cells were more sensitive than monolayer cells to multimodal therapy in terms of DNA damage and apoptosis, especially under hypoxic conditions. Thus multimodal therapy of sarcomas with VEGF-A inhibition, HIF-1α inhibition, and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy effectively blocks sarcoma growth through inhibition of tumor vasculature and cancer stem-like cells.
Ischemia Triggered by Red Blood Cell Products in the Subarachnoid Space Is Inhibited by Nimodipine Administration or Moderate Volume Expansion/Hemodilution in Rats (2002)

Spreading ischemia induced by RBC products is antagonized by measures known to be beneficial in the prophylaxis of delayed ischemic neurological deficits. Our findings suggest that a mechanism involving the cortical microcirculation might underlie the therapeutic effects of nimodipine and volume expansion.
Phonon-Assisted Excitonic Recombination Channels Observed in DNA-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes Using Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (2005)

By using a sample of DNA-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes strongly enriched in the (6,5) nanotube, photoluminescence emissions observed at special excitation energy values were identified with specific mechanisms of phonon-assisted excitonic absorption and recombination processes associated with (6,5) nanotubes, including one-phonon, two-phonon, and some continuous-luminescence processes. Such detailed processes are not separately identified in three-dimensional semiconducting materials. A general theoretical framework is presented to interpret the experimentally observed phonon-assisted processes in terms of excitonic states.
Caged Cyclic ADP-Ribose (1995)

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a recently discovered cyclic nucleotide with Ca2+ mobilizing activity. Caged cADPR was synthesized by reacting cADPR with 2-nitrophenethyldiazoethane. Elemental analyses, 1H NMR, and extinction coefficient measurements indicate that the product contains only one caging group. Anion exchange high pressure liquid chromatography separated caged cADPR into two forms, which most likely represent isomers. Both forms could be uncaged with equal efficiency by UV exposure to regenerate cADPR. Photolysis of caged cADPR was accomplished effectively with a spectrofluorimeter. The efficiency of uncaging depended on wavelength with UV light shorter than about 320 nm being the most effective. Caged cADPR was biologically inactive and could induce Ca2+ release from sea urchin egg homogenates only after photolysis. Specificity of the Ca2+ release was shown by inhibition by 8-amino-cADPR, a specific antagonist of cADPR. To demonstrate its utility in live cells, caged cADPR was microinjected into sea urchin eggs. Photolysis using a mercury light source effectively regenerated cADPR and resulted in Ca2+ mobilization and activation of cortical exocytosis in the eggs.
Search on a fractal lattice using a quantum random walk (2012)

The spatial search problem on regular lattice structures in integer number of dimensions $d\ensuremath{\ge}2$ has been studied extensively, using both coined and coinless quantum walks. The relativistic Dirac operator has been a crucial ingredient in these studies. Here, we investigate the spatial search problem on fractals of noninteger dimensions. Although the Dirac operator cannot be defined on a fractal, we construct the quantum walk on a fractal using the flip-flop operator that incorporates a Klein-Gordon mode. We find that the scaling behavior of the spatial search is determined by the spectral (and not the fractal) dimension. Our numerical results have been obtained on the well-known Sierpinski gaskets in two and three dimensions.
Ligand-Activated Signal Transduction in the 2-Cell Embryo1 (2003)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is an autocrine trophic/survival factor for the preimplantation embryo. PAF induced an increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the 2-cell embryo that had an absolute requirement for external calcium. L-type calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil, and nimodipine) significantly inhibited PAF-induced Ca2+ transients, but inhibitors of P/Q type (omega-agatoxin; omega-conotoxin MVIIC), N-type (omega-conotoxin GVIA), T-type (pimozide), and store-operated channels (SKF 96365 and econazole) did not block the transient. mRNA and protein for the alpha1-C subunit of L-type channels was expressed in the 2-cell embryo. The L-type calcium channel agonist (+/-) BAY K 8644 induced [Ca2+]i transients and, PAF and BAY K 8644 each caused mutual heterologous desensitization of each other's responses. Depolarization of the embryo (75 mM KCl) induced a [Ca2+]i transient that was inhibited by diltiazem and verapamil. Whole-cell patch-clamp measurements detected a voltage-gated channel (blocked by diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine) that was desensitized by prior responses of embryos to exogenous or embryo-derived PAF. Replacement of media Ca2+ with Mn2+ allowed Mn2+ influx to be observed directly; activation of a diltiazem-sensitive influx channel was an early response to PAF. The activation of a voltage-gated L-type calcium channel in the 2-cell embryo is required for normal signal transduction to an embryonic trophic factor.
Ternary Chalcogenide‐Based Photoelectrochemical Cells: V . Surface Analyses of the Polysulfide Interface by X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy; Absence of Se/S Exchange in the System (1985)

and were subjected to surface analyses by x‐ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy, after their use as photoanodes in polysulfide solutions. For samples that had a poor (ca. 2%) conversion efficiency, a rather heterogeneous surface was found, with patches rich in In, which is probably present mainly as oxide. Some was found as well, although the top layer was depleted in Cu, compared to a reference sample. More efficient (ca. 5%) samples showed a more homogeneous surface and even stronger Cu depletion. These changes are ascribed to additional surface treatments, viz., dipping in hot solution and thermal oxidation of the resultant etched surface. For samples, no significant exchange of lattice Se by S from the polysulfide solution is seen, in sharp contrast to what is observed for or . If sulfur is found, its presence could be correlated with the spurious occurrence of Cd (used as dopant) or Ag (used for the ohmic back contact). Cu depletion also occurs near the surface of the diselenide after use in polysulfide solution. Most of the remaining In seems to occur in indium oxide and/or indium selenide. Cu2+ was found neither here nor on the surface of the more efficient disulfide sample. It is suggested that the occurrence of an indium oxide top layer, aided by thermal oxidation of the electrode in the case of , has a beneficial effect on electrode performance.
Generating software development environments from the description of product relations (2002)

A method is described for constructing software development support system from the description of software product relations. Logical structures of the products have ben expressed by a tree structure. Each product appearing through the software development corresponds to a leaf in a tree and a set of those products and other sets correspond to an internal node. Various kinds of software development are easily expressed by changing the products at the leaves. The description of product relation is translated into a script of process description language (PDL). A support system is obtained by executing the translated PDL script with the PDL interpreter which the authors have developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thin airfoil theory based on approximate solution of the transonic flow equation (1957)

A method is presented for the approximate solution of the nonlinear equations transonic flow theory. Solutions are found for two-dimensional flows at a Mach number of 1 and for purely subsonic and purely supersonic flows. Results are obtained in closed analytic form for a large and significant class of nonlifting airfoils. At a Mach number of 1 general expressions are given for the pressure distribution on an airfoil of specified geometry and for the shape of an airfoil having a prescribed pressure distribution. Extensive comparisons are made with available data, particularly for a Mach number of 1, and with existing solutions.
Automatic contrast adjustment for detail recognition in SEM images using on‐line digital image processing (1992)

Abstract A new digital filter method has been developed for enhancement of detail recognition in SEM images of high signal‐to‐noise ratio using an on‐line digital image processing system. The filter allows an automated improvement of the presentation of SEM image information and utilizes a median filter of very large mask size and histogram equalization. Since the method can be performed without input of any processing parameters, the user simply pushes a button for obtaining the processing result similar to conventional photo recording. The method utilizes digital signal processors for establishing high speed, hence, the processing results can be immediately assessed. When Applied to a variety of field‐emission SEM images, there were no problems with inconvenient artifact encountered.
Validity of Self‐Reported Periodontal Status in the Florida Dental Care Study (2007)

Self-reported measures of periodontal status were related to clinically measured periodontal attachment loss and warranted classifying their validity as "moderate" and useful for some circumstances.
Chemical Vapor Identification Using Field-Based Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Detection and Solid Phase Microextraction (2005)

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) technology is used to identify chemicals in a liquid or solid phase but not in a vapor phase. This research identified vapor phase chemicals using a field-portable ATR-FTIR spectrometer combined with a solid phase microextraction (SPME) film. Two nerve agent simulants, diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), and three polycarbosiloxane polymers were evaluated using a TravelIR ATR-FTIR instrument. An SPME film was adhered to the TravelIR sampling interface to extract and concentrate vapors to be identified by the TravelIR. The lowest air concentration identified was 50 ppb DIMP and 250 ppb DMMP. A remote sampling technique where SPME films were exposed to vapors and then transferred to the TravelIR was only able to identify DMMP down to 10 ppm. This research demonstrates it is feasible to use ATR-FTIR to detect vapor phase chemicals when combined with SPME film concentration techniques.
Multiple Timescale Feature Combination Towards Robust Speech Recognition (2000)

While a lot of progress has been made during the last years in the field of Automatic Speech recognition (ASR), one of the main remaining problems is that of robustness. Typically, state-of-the-art ASR systems work very efficiently in well-defined environments, e.g. for clean speech or known noise conditions. However, their performance degrades drastically under different conditions. Many approaches have been developed to circumvent this problem, ranging from noise cancellation to system adaptation techniques. This paper investigates the influence of using additional information from relatively long timescales to noise robustness. The multiple timescale feature combination approach is introduced. Experiments show that, while maintaining recognition performance for clean speech, robustness could be improved in noisy conditions.