gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase Noise Mitigation in OFDM-Based Backhaul in the Presence of Channel Estimation and Synchronization Errors (2016)

In this paper, a carrier recovery scheme for phase noise mitigation (in the presence of imperfect synchronization and channel estimation) is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless backhaul. This scheme models the phase noise as a piece-wise linear function and compensate the phase noise within each OFDM symbol. It is shown that the carrier recovery scheme can be applied to both OFDM and orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA). Since the proposed scheme does not require detailed knowledge of statistical properties of the phase noise, it can be easily applied to practical OFDM/OFDMA systems. Hence the proposed scheme is applicable to both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint backhauls.
The American oyster: Crassostrea virginica Gmelin (1964)

NMg.-Approved tor Publi&la~ionApril 24, 1964. The family Ostreidae consists of a large number of edible and nonedible oysters. Their distribution is confined to a broad belt of coastal waters within the latitudes 64 0 N. and 44 0 S. With few exceptions oysters thrive in shallow water, their vertical distribution extending from a level approximately halfway between high and low tide levels to a depth of about 100 feet. Commercially exploited oyster beds are rarely found below a depth of 40 feet. The name Ostrea was given by Linnaeus (1758) to a number of mollusks which he described as follows: Ostrea. Animal Tethys, testa bivalvis inaequivalvis, subaurita. Cardo edentulus and fossula cava ovata, striisque lateralibus transversis. Vulva anusve nulius. The name Tethys (from Greek mythology and also refers to the sea) applies to the type of marine animals, living either within the shells or naked, that Linnaeus listed under a general name Vermes which includes worms, mollusks, echinoderms, and others. The translation of Linnaeus' diagnosis reads as follows: SheH bivalve, unequal, almost ear-shaped. Hinge toothless, depression concave and oval-shaped, with transverse lines on the sides. No vulva or anus. TlUOoomlc characten ._•• _. Bhell. __ •• •• ._•. Anatomy • , sex and spawnlng••• _. . __•• __ ----_-_ Habitat. _.. . ... .•__ . ••_. __ Larval shell (Prodlssoconch) _' _•• _._. ' The genera of JIving oysters__ . •• ._••_. ,_ •__ _ Oimus Oatre4• __ ._ __ ._._ -. Genns eruu__. ..__.. . . __ ._. .__ . ._. Oimas PrcnodorlU••_.__ •_-_ -_-_.-.-._ -__ ---_. --.., •__ . ---Bibliography _. . __ . __ ._ •__ PtJ4t
Towards the cyber‐library? The experience of Hertfordshire Libraries, Arts and Information in the provision of electronic public information and library services (1996)

With words such as Internet and ‘Information Superhighway’ now firmly established in the vocabulary of many of the UK's population, there is an increasing expectation from the customers of the library service that such technologies will be employed to provide answers to a wide range of questions. This article sets out the agenda of Hertfordshire Libraries, Arts and Information in relation to information provision, setting in context the selection of a new public information system, along with an evaluation of the current position of this service and the library resources catalogue. It will also provide a glimpse at possible future aims and objectives for these services.
Myosin VIIa Participates in Opsin Transport through The Photoreceptor Cilium (1999)

Two types of Usher syndrome, a blindness-deafness disorder, result from mutations in the myosin VIIa gene. As for most other unconventional myosins, little is known about the function or functions of myosin VIIa. Here, we studied the photoreceptor cells of mice with mutant myosin VIIa by electron immunomicroscopy and microscopic autoradiography. We found evidence that myosin VIIa functions in the connecting cilium of each photoreceptor cell and participates in the transport of opsin through this structure. These findings provide the first direct evidence that opsin travels along the connecting cilium en route to the outer segment. They demonstrate that a myosin may function in a cilium and suggest that abnormal opsin transport might contribute to blindness in Usher syndrome.
[Modified in situ perfusion of the kidney using balloon catheters]. (1976)

Experiences with the in situ hypotherme perfusion in the operative treatment of calculus in kidneys and calices are reported. A modified technique is presented using an inflatable Swan-Ganz-ballon catheter for simultaneous blocking of renal blood flow and perfusion.
Use of In Vitro Assays to Assess Immunogenicity Risk of Antibody-Based Biotherapeutics (2016)

An In Vitro Comparative Immunogenicity Assessment (IVCIA) assay was evaluated as a tool for predicting the potential relative immunogenicity of biotherapeutic attributes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from up to 50 healthy naïve human donors were monitored up to 8 days for T-cell proliferation, the number of IL-2 or IFN-γ secreting cells, and the concentration of a panel of secreted cytokines. The response in the assay to 10 monoclonal antibodies was found to be in agreement with the clinical immunogenicity, suggesting that the assay might be applied to immunogenicity risk assessment of antibody biotherapeutic attributes. However, the response in the assay is a measure of T-cell functional activity and the alignment with clinical immunogenicity depends on several other factors. The assay was sensitive to sequence variants and could differentiate single point mutations of the same biotherapeutic. Nine mAbs that were highly aggregated by stirring induced a higher response in the assay than the original mAbs before stirring stress, in a manner that did not match the relative T-cell response of the original mAbs. In contrast, mAbs that were glycated by different sugars (galactose, glucose, and mannose) showed little to no increase in response in the assay above the response to the original mAbs before glycation treatment. The assay was also used successfully to assess similarity between multiple lots of the same mAb, both from the same manufacturer and from different manufacturers (biosimilars). A strategy for using the IVCIA assay for immunogenicity risk assessment during the entire lifespan development of biopharmaceuticals is proposed.
Evidence for Frequent Recombination within Species<i>Human Enterovirus B</i>Based on Complete Genomic Sequences of All Thirty-Seven Serotypes (2003)

The species Human enterovirus B (HEV-B) in the family Picornaviridae consists of coxsackievirus A9; coxsackieviruses B1 to B6; echoviruses 1 to 7, 9, 11 to 21, 24 to 27, and 29 to 33; and enteroviruses 69 and 73. We have determined complete genome sequences for the remaining 22 HEV-B serotypes whose sequences were not represented in public databases and analyzed these in conjunction with previously available complete sequences in GenBank. Members of HEV-B were monophyletic relative to all other human enterovirus species in all regions of the genome except in the 5'-nontranslated region (NTR), where they are known to cluster with members of HEV-A. Within HEV-B, phylogenies constructed from the structural (P1) and nonstructural regions of the genome (P2 and P3) are incongruent, suggesting that recombination had occurred. Similarity plots and bootscanning analysis across the complete genome identified multiple sites at which the phylogeny of a given strain's sequence shifted, indicating potential recombination points. These points are distributed in the 5'-NTR and throughout P2 and P3, but no sites with >80% bootstrap support were identified within the capsid. Individual sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses suggest that members of HEV-B have recombined with one another on multiple occasions, resulting in a complex mosaic of sequences derived from multiple parental viruses in the nonstructural regions of the genome. We conclude that RNA recombination is a common mechanism for enterovirus evolution and that recombination within the nonstructural regions of the genome (P2 and P3) has been observed only among members of the same species.
DNA-aptamer/protein interaction as a cause of apoptosis and arrest of proliferation in Ehrlich ascites adenocarcinoma cells (2014)

New prospects for the applications of single-stranded DNA and RNA as therapeutic agents have been discovered in the recent years. Aptamers are the oligonucleotides that bind to their targets with high affinity and specificity due to the well-defined tertiary structures and spatial charge distribution. Aptamers can be selected for any molecules, virus particles, bacteria, cells, and tissues. They have a wide range of applications from target identification to drug delivery. Aptamers themselves can affect various cell functions by affecting certain proteins and receptors. Here, we present the technique for selecting aptamers with antitumor activity in cancer cell cultures and identifying their target proteins by mass spectrometry analysis. The evolved aptamers showed the following antitumor properties: AS-14 (K d = 3.8 nM) induced apoptosis (phosphatidylserine translocation determined with Annexin V Alexa Fluor 488) and AS-9 (K d = 0.75 nM) stopped proliferation (as determined with CellTrace™ Far Red DDAO-SE) in the culture of Ehrlich ascites adenocarcinoma cells. Using high performance liquid chromatography and high resolution tandem mass spectrometry, we have identified the proteins affected by the AS-14 and AS-9 aptamers. One of the most likely targets for AS-14 was filamin A, which is involved in metastasis formation, tumor development, and cell proliferation. According to mass spectrometry data, the AS-9 aptamer influences the α-subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase, the key component of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, stimulation of which leads to tumor growth suppression. Thus, mass spectrometry data confirmed the results of the experiments on cell cultures showing that the aptamer binding to specific protein targets causes apoptosis and stops proliferation of cancer cells. However, the mechanisms of action of aptamers in vitro and in vivo are not clear enough and still need to be determined. Our study opens up new possibilities for creation of non-toxic drugs based on DNA aptamers for targeted anticancer therapy.
Action recognition in videos acquired by a moving camera using motion decomposition of Lagrangian particle trajectories (2011)

Recognition of human actions in a video acquired by a moving camera typically requires standard preprocessing steps such as motion compensation, moving object detection and object tracking. The errors from the motion compensation step propagate to the object detection stage, resulting in miss-detections, which further complicates the tracking stage, resulting in cluttered and incorrect tracks. Therefore, action recognition from a moving camera is considered very challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel approach which does not follow the standard steps, and accordingly avoids the aforementioned difficulties. Our approach is based on Lagrangian particle trajectories which are a set of dense trajectories obtained by advecting optical flow over time, thus capturing the ensemble motions of a scene. This is done in frames of unaligned video, and no object detection is required. In order to handle the moving camera, we propose a novel approach based on low rank optimization, where we decompose the trajectories into their camera-induced and object-induced components. Having obtained the relevant object motion trajectories, we compute a compact set of chaotic invariant features which captures the characteristics of the trajectories. Consequently, a SVM is employed to learn and recognize the human actions using the computed motion features. We performed intensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets and two new aerial datasets called ARG and APHill, and obtained promising results.
Modeling, simulation and control architecture for lower limb active exoskeleton (2015)

This paper presents modeling, simulation and control architecture for implementing biped gait in an active lower limb exoskeleton. A lower body biped structure has been modeled in MATLAB Sim Mechanics according to anthropomorphic data. The model is used to derive kinetic and kinematic biped behavior parameters which are required to set control logic and design specifications. The model also includes ground contact forces during impacts. Two separate control modes namely intention based joint trajectory tracking and model based joint torque mode for replicating and controlling walking has been proposed. This paper highlights the preliminary modeling and simulation to control an active lower body exoskeleton for mobility regeneration and enhancement.
<scp>IFN</scp> λ is a potent anti‐influenza therapeutic without the inflammatory side effects of <scp>IFN</scp> α treatment (2016)

Influenza A virus (IAV)-induced severe disease is characterized by infected lung epithelia, robust inflammatory responses and acute lung injury. Since type I interferon (IFNαβ) and type III interferon (IFNλ) are potent antiviral cytokines with immunomodulatory potential, we assessed their efficacy as IAV treatments. IFNλ treatment of IAV-infected Mx1-positive mice lowered viral load and protected from disease. IFNα treatment also restricted IAV replication but exacerbated disease. IFNα treatment increased pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine secretion, innate cell recruitment and epithelial cell death, unlike IFNλ-treatment. IFNλ lacked the direct stimulatory activity of IFNα on immune cells. In epithelia, both IFNs induced antiviral genes but no inflammatory cytokines. Similarly, human airway epithelia responded to both IFNα and IFNλ by induction of antiviral genes but not of cytokines, while hPBMCs responded only to IFNα. The restriction of both IFNλ responsiveness and productive IAV replication to pulmonary epithelia allows IFNλ to limit IAV spread through antiviral gene induction in relevant cells without overstimulating the immune system and driving immunopathology. We propose IFNλ as a non-inflammatory and hence superior treatment option for human IAV infection.
Effect of CO2-milliwatt laser on peripheral nerves: Part II. A histological and functional study (2000)

In order to further explore the role of laser for microneural repair, the early and late effects of CO(2) laser irradiation on intact rat sciatic nerves were investigated. A total of 48 rat sciatic nerves were exposed to 100-mW laser power with a pulse duration of 1.0 s and a spot size of 320 microm. In one-half of the nerves, albumin solder was applied to the nerve followed by laser irradiation. The results were evaluated up to 94 days after surgery with functional toe-spreading test, and light and transmission electron microscopy. Irradiation of the nerve resulted in almost no deficit in the motor function. A subperineurial degeneration of myelinated and unmyelinated axons is observed in the first 2 weeks after laser irradiation, while the central part of the nerve remains undamaged. The degeneration is followed by axonal regeneration with subsequent maturation of nerve fibres in time. No excessive intraneural or extraneural scarring was seen. In the soldered nerves, the solder elicits an inflammatory reaction upon the epineurium in the first week after irradiation. By week 1, the solder is completely absorbed. After 2 weeks, the inflammatory reaction ceases and by week 4, no residual reaction is seen. At 12 weeks, only minimally disarranged epineurium is seen with otherwise normal neural architecture. In conclusion, CO(2) laser irradiation at 100 mW with pulses of 1.0 s has no long term negative effects on nerve function and morphology. Therefore, these laser settings can be safely applied for laser-assisted nerve repair.
Doubly resonant underwater acoustic transducer for long distance sound propagation (2014)

The presentation describes the design and test of innovative deep water low frequency sound source for long range acoustic communications and navigation. The light-weight, low frequency (200–1000 Hz), broadband underwater sound source comprises an inner resonator tube with thin walls tuned to a certain frequency surrounded by a shorter, larger-diameter, lower frequency tuned outer resonator tube. These resonating tubes are opened on both ends and made of carbon fiber. The tubes are asymmetrically shifted along the main axis and sound pressure can penetrate from internal pipe though the area under the shifted external pipe into that external pipe and back. By changing length of shifted area the coupling coefficient of two resonators can be regulated to achieve a necessary bandwidth. The design uses depth independent oil-filled acoustic transducer. The transducer is light, operational for all ocean depth, and reasonably broadband. A multiresonant systems usually need a precise complicated adjustment of their parameters to get necessary bandwidth with limited variability of frequency response inside the frequency range. It can be even more complicated, when design includes new, never tested before, materials. Application of finite element analysis allowed to predict necessary parameters and avoid a long series of water tests with parameters adjustment.
On the Transition from Ridged Waveguide to Microstrip (1989)

In conjunction with the transition from waveguide to microstrip via a rigded waveguide structure, two problems are investigated. The first one concerns the impedance of the ridged structure including a dielectric layer on the bottom of the waveguide, the second one the field discontinuity when an unloaded ridged waveguide with wide ridge is connected to a high ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> microstrip of the same impedance but much smaller width.
Dual Raman-Brillouin Microscope for Chemical and Mechanical Characterization and Imaging (2015)

We present a unique confocal microscope capable of measuring the Raman and Brillouin spectra simultaneously from a single spatial location. Raman and Brillouin scattering offer complementary information about a material's chemical and mechanical structure, respectively, and concurrent monitoring of both of these spectra would set a new standard for material characterization. We achieve this by applying recent innovations in Brillouin spectroscopy that reduce the necessary acquisition times to durations comparable to conventional Raman spectroscopy while attaining a high level of spectral accuracy. To demonstrate the potential of the system, we map the Raman and Brillouin spectra of a molded poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel sample in cyclohexane to create two-dimensional images with high contrast at microscale resolutions. This powerful tool has the potential for very diverse analytical applications in basic science, industry, and medicine.
Cell division promoting activity of naturally occurring dehydrodiconiferyl glucosides: do cell wall components control cell division? (1987)

Naturally occurring isomers of the dehydrodiconiferyl glucosides have been isolated from Vinca rosea crown gall tumors and have been tested for cell division promoting activities in the tobacco pith and leaf assay systems. The enantiomeric isomers A and B are active, although they are required at concentrations up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than zeatin riboside to promote comparable growth. We estimate that the active dehydrodiconiferyl glucosides are present in rapidly growing tissues (tumor tissue, habituated tissue, cultured nontransformed tissue) in micromolar concentrations. In quiescent tobacco pith tissue, the levels of these compounds are reduced by a factor of 100. These results suggest that cytokinin may exert control of cell division through the accumulation of molecules (the dehydrodiconiferyl glucosides) that are apparent cell wall components.
Pancreatic cancer: gene therapy approaches and gene delivery systems (2009)

The treatment effectiveness of gene combination therapy is better than that of the regulation of single-gene or single gene therapy approaches. Naked DNA is limited because of degradation by intracellular and extracellular nucleases. Virus vectors show high transfection efficiency but are limited due to immunogenicity, inflammatory response and potential carcinogenicity. Non-viral vectors, such as cationic polymers or inorganic nanoparticles, show an important feature that they can be easily modified, and the progress of materials science will provide more and better non-viral vectors, accordingly improving the efficiency and safety of gene therapy, which will make them the most promising vectors for pancreatic cancer.
N-terminal fragments of CCK-(26-33) as cholecystokinin receptor antagonists in guinea pig pancreatic acini (1985)

In the present study we synthesized different N-terminal fragments and analogues of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin [CCK-(26-33)] and examined their actions on dispersed acini prepared from guinea pig pancreas. None of the N-terminal fragments or analogues altered basal amylase release. Analogues of CCK-(26-32), CCK-(26-31), and CCK-(26-30) inhibited CCK-(26-33)-stimulated amylase, and there was a close correlation between the ability of an analogue to inhibit stimulated amylase and the analogue's ability to inhibit binding of 125I-cholecystokinin. N-acetyl-CCK-(26-29)-amide at concentrations as high as 100 microM did not inhibit CCK-(26-33)-stimulated amylase release or binding of 125I-CCK. For those analogues that antagonized CCK-(26-33)-stimulated amylase release the antagonism was of the competitive type and was specific for those secretagogues that interact with the cholecystokinin receptor. Removing the C-terminal amide from N-acetyl-CCK-(26-31)-amide caused a 10-fold decrease in the inhibitory potency, whereas removing the C-terminal amide from N-acetyl-CCK-(26-30)-amide did not alter the inhibitory potency of the peptide. Removing the sulfate ester from the tyrosine residue in position 27 of N-acetyl-CCK-(26-31) did not alter the inhibitory potency of the peptide, whereas removing the sulfate ester from the tyrosine residue in position 27 of N-acetyl-(26-30) caused a three- to fivefold decrease in the inhibitory potency of the peptide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Real-time SPIDER: ultrashort pulse characterization at 20 Hz (1999)

We present an implementation of spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) which characterizes ultrashort optical pulses in the spectral or temporal domain at a rate of 20 Hz. This apparatus was used in real-time as a diagnostic tool to optimize our 1 kHz regeneratively amplified laser system for the shortest duration pulses.
Recent Progress in the Enatioselective Synthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids (1994)

m-Recent developments m the enantloselective synthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids are reviewed.They include the enantioselective modification of the tradltlonal methods (Pictet-Spengler, Bischler-Napieralski, Pomeranz-Fritsch) as well as the modem "C-C-connective" approach.
Number theory and bootstrapping for phase unwrapping (2002)

The problem of the phase unwrapping and the estimation of time-varying frequency is considered. The phase is first modeled as a polynomial in time. Using Lagrange interpolation polynomial approximation, for the modulo operation, where the modulus is a prime, a unique estimate for the phase is obtained. This estimate, however, is sensitive to noise. Using the method of bootstrapping, one is able to obtain good estimate even at SNR values as low as 10 dB. The method is applied to several examples, and compared to the minimum mean square polynomial fit for the phase. It is shown that the proposed approach has superior performance.
Adaptation of Pseudomonas putida S12 to high concentrations of styrene and other organic solvents (1993)

Pseudomonas putida S12 could adapt to grow on styrene in a two-phase styrene-water system. Acetate was toxic for P. putida S12, but cells were similarly able to adapt to higher acetate concentrations. Only by using these acetate-adapted cells was growth observed in the presence of supersaturating concentrations of toxic nonmetabolizable solvents such as toluene.