gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Threshold behavior of Cu-, Ge-,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">u</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact (1981)

Electron-induced Cu-, Ge-, $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}\ensuremath{-}K$ shells, and $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{3}$-shell ionization cross sections have been obtained from the measurement of $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $L\ensuremath{\alpha}$ x-ray emission cross sections around the threshold energy. $K$- and ${L}_{3}$-shell ionization cross sections have been observed to rise as a function of $\mathrm{ln}\frac{({U}_{i})}{{U}_{i}}$, where ${U}_{i}$ is the ratio of electron impact energy to ionization energy. In the increasing behavior of $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}\ensuremath{-}L\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{-}L\ensuremath{\beta}$ x-ray emission cross sections with increasing impact energies, the onset of ${L}_{2}$- and ${L}_{1}$-shell ionizations have been observed at ${L}_{2}$- and ${L}_{1}$-shell ionization energies. Absolute values of Cu-, Ge-, $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}\ensuremath{-}K$-shell ionization cross sections are well reproduced by the empirical formula of Green and Cosslett down to the vicinity of threshold energy.
Ratio of specimen thickness to charging area for reliable hydrogen permeation measurement (1993)

Two-dimensional diffusion of hydrogen atoms in a membrane has been analysed. The hydrogen atoms are assumed to be generated in a circular area on one side of the membrane and detected in a circular region on the opposite side. The average flux on the detection side has been calculated as a function of membrane thickness and detection area and compared with the prediction from the conventional one-dimensional solution. The applicability of the latter increases with decreasing ratios of thickness and detection area to charging area. Recommendations are given for reliable use of the one-dimensional analysis.
Site-directed Mutagenesis of Chitinase from<i>Alteromonas</i>sp. Strain O–7 (1993)

Chitinase (Chi85) from Alteromonas sp. strain O-7 contains the two conserved regions common to microbial and plant chitinases. We did site-directed mutagenesis of Chi85 to investigate the effects of the conserved amino acid residues on chitinase activity. We suggest that Asp-290 and Glu-292 of Chi85 may be the essential amino acid residues for the cleavage of beta-glycosidic linkage of chitin.
A fine granular scalable to lossless audio coder (2006)

This paper presents Advanced Audio Zip (AAZ), a fine grained scalable to lossless (SLS) audio coder that has recently been adopted as the reference model for MPEG-4 audio SLS work. AAZ integrates the functionalities of high-compression perceptual audio coding, fine granular scalable audio coding, and lossless audio coding in a single framework, and simultaneously provides backward compatibility to MPEG-4 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC). AAZ provides the fine granular bit-rate scalability from lossy to lossless coding, and such a scalability is achieved in a perceptually meaningful way, i.e., better perceptual quality at higher bit-rates. Despite its abundant functionalities, AAZ only introduces negligible overhead in terms of lossless compression performance compared with a nonscalable, lossless only audio coder. As a result, AAZ provides a universal yet efficient solution for digital audio applications such as audio archiving, network audio streaming, portable audio playing, and music downloading which were previously catered for by several different audio coding technologies, and eliminates the need for any transcoding system to facilitate sharing of digital audio contents across these application domains.
Error-corrected AFM: a simple and broadly applicable approach for substantially improving AFM image accuracy (2014)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become an indispensable tool for imaging the topography and properties of surfaces at the nanoscale. A ubiquitous problem, however, is that optimal accuracy demands smooth surfaces, slow scanning, and expert users, contrary to many AFM applications and practical use patterns. Accordingly, a simple correction to AFM topographic images is implemented, incorporating error signals such as deflection and/or amplitude data that have long been available but quantitatively underexploited. This is demonstrated to substantially improve both height and lateral accuracy for expert users, with a corresponding 3-5 fold decrease in image error. Common image artifacts due to inexperienced AFM use, generally poorly scanned surfaces, or high speed images acquired in as fast as 7 s, are also shown to be effectively rectified, returning results equivalent to standard 'expert-user' images. This concept is proven for contact mode AFM, AC-mode, and high speed imaging, as well as property mapping such as phase contrast, with obvious extensions to many specialized AFM variations as well. Conveniently, as this correction procedure is based on either real time or post-processing, it is easily employed for future as well as legacy AFM systems and data. Such error-corrected AFM therefore offers a simple, broadly applicable approach for more accurate, more efficient, and more user-friendly implementation of AFM for nanoscale topography and property mapping.
Hydrogen quantity generated from optical-fibre coating (1984)

Hydrogen quantities generated by chemical decomposition of silicone resin, which is used for optical-fibre coating material, have been measured. The saturated hydrogen quantity and reaction rate for the hydrogen generation are evaluated from the measurement results. Effective methods for suppression of the hydrogen quantity are also proposed.
Rescheduling Based Congestion Management Method Using Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization - Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm in Power System (2019)

Safe and incessant power flow is considered as a serious problem which has to be corrected in the transmission line. Actually, rescheduling based Congestion Management is deliberated as the capable solutions for the feature. Still, the technique faces problems based on the cost of rescheduling. A huge number of research studies have been identified hitherto to resolve the problems in Congestion Management. In addition, optimization methods play a very important role to solve this problem. In this case, this work develops a novel rescheduling based Congestion Management. technique that integrates a novel method; Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) (GWO-GOA) which optimizes generating power of augmented generators using the bus system. The proposed GWO-GOA method is the hybridization of two methods such as GWO and GOA, which aspires to manage the congestion through minimized rescheduling cost. Furthermore, the proposed technique evaluates its performance with the other existing techniques based on rescheduling stratagem regarding the analysis of cost it shows the effectiveness of proposed methods over other existing algorithms.
Characterization of the amino acid response element within the human sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) System A transporter gene (2006)

The neutral amino acid transport activity, System A, is enhanced by amino acid limitation of mammalian cells. Of the three gene products that encode System A activity, the one that exhibits this regulation is SNAT2 (sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2). Fibroblasts that are deficient in the amino acid response pathway exhibited little or no induction of SNAT2 mRNA. Synthesis of SNAT2 mRNA increased within 1-2 h after amino acid removal from HepG2 human hepatoma cells. The amino acid responsive SNAT2 genomic element that mediates the regulation has been localized to the first intron. Increased binding of selected members of the ATF (activating transcription factor) and C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) families to the intronic enhancer was established both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, there was no significant association of these factors with the SNAT2 promoter. Expression of exogenous individual ATF and C/EBP proteins documented that specific family members are associated with either activation or repression of SNAT2 transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis established in vivo that amino acid deprivation led to increased RNA polymerase II recruitment to the SNAT2 promoter.
ETHYL METHANESULFONATE-INDUCED REVERSION OF BACTERIOPHAGE T4rII MUTANTS (1963)

E~~a~ellular virus particles to produce many mutations with rather little killing (LOVELESS 1958). The induced mutations may be delayed by several generations (GREEN and KRIEG 1961 ) . The mutagen reacts with three of the four bases naturally occurring in DNA (REINER and ZAMENHOF 1957; BROOKES and LAWLEY 1960, 1961a, 1962; PAL 1962), yet there is reason to suspect that it might be quite specific as to the type of base pair changes it usually induces. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the frequencies of EMS-induced mutations at various sites within the rII region of bacteriophage T4, and to test the notion that predominantly one type of base pair substitution might be induced. Four years ago in this laboratory, during a search for strongly EMS-revertible point mutants. D. M. GREEN found that some AP mutants [mutants which had been produced from standard I+ phage by AP) were quite EMS-revertible, but that none of the 18 EMS-produced mutants he examined were induced by EMS to revert to a comparable extent. This prompted the working hypothesis that one of the base pair transitions-either GC to AT or AT to GC-was much more strongly inducible by EMS than was the other transition. It was decided to test this possible specificity by checking a group of EMS mutants for EMS-induced reversion by a more sensitive test than had been previously employed, and to test similarly additional base analog and proflavin mutants. While this work was in progress, the results of another investigation with similar intent were reported (BAUTZ and FREESE 1960; FREESE 1961). The results differed in several respects for mutants that were included in both investigations; most striking was that the other group of workers found much less induced reversion. Althouyh the other workers used EES, the chemistry of the two ethylating agents would be expected to be very similar. It seemed that the difference must have arisen from the different techniques employed. This possibility led to an expansion of our work, and the chief reason for the conflicting resultswhich will be discussed in context in this paper-has now been clarified. We shall Operated by Union Carbide Corporation for the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. 2 The abbreviations used are: G, guanine; C, cytosine or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; A, adenine; T, thymine; EMS, ethyl methanesulfonate; EES, ethyl ethanesulfonate; AP, E aminopurine; BU, 5-bromouracil or 5-bromodeoxyuridine; P. proflavine; and DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid.
Rich Internet Application Testing Using Execution Trace Data (2010)

The rapid and growing diffusion of Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) with their enhanced interactivity, responsiveness and dynamicity is sharpening the distance between Web applications and desktop applications, making the Web experience more and more appealing and user-friendly. This paper presents a technique for testing RIAs that generates test cases from application execution traces, and obtains more scalable test suites thanks to testing reduction techniques. Execution traces provide a fast and cheap way for generating test cases and can be obtained either from user sessions, or by crawling the application or by combining both approaches. The proposed technique has been evaluated by a preliminary experiment that investigated the effectiveness of different approaches for execution trace collection and of several criteria for reducing the test suites. The experimental results showed the feasibility of the technique and that its effectiveness can be improved by hybrid approaches that combine both manually and automatically obtained execution traces of the application.
Detection Of Faulty Glucose Measurements Using Texture Analysis (2014)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lisbon, Portugal, 2014
Synergism in replication and translation of messenger RNA in a cell-free system. (1993)

Combination of the Q beta replicase reaction with the Escherichia coli cell-free translation system markedly enhances replication of a recombinant RQ-DHFR RNA consisting of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) mRNA sequence inserted into RQ135(-1) RNA, an efficient naturally occurring Q beta replicase template. The enhancement is associated with a replication asymmetry previously described for the replication of Q beta phage RNA in vivo; the sense (+)-strands are produced in large excess over the antisense (-)-strands. This, in turn, results in increased synthesis of the functionally active DHFR. These effects are not observed when DHFR mRNAs or RQ135(-1) RNAs are used as templates, if the translation system is not complete, or if it is inhibited by puromycin. The coupled replication-translation of nonviral mRNA recombinants can serve as a useful model for studying the fundamental aspects of virus amplification and can be implemented for large-scale protein synthesis in vitro.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human mononuclear phagocytes stimulates synthesis of platelet-activating factor. (1991)

Production of platelet-activating factor 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (PAF), a potent mediator of inflammation, by mononuclear phagocytes varies with their stage of cellular differentiation and the nature of the eliciting stimulus. The human monocytic cell line U937 can be induced to differentiate to a macrophage-like cell following phorbol myristate acetate exposure, and after differentiation, these cells efficiently support replication of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). U937 cells induced to differentiate with phorbol myristate acetate demonstrated a time-dependent decrease in PAF synthesis. RSV infection of these differentiated U937 cells caused a sustained stimulation of PAF synthesis that paralleled viral replication and was dependent on infectious virus. Virus increased the activity of lyso-PAF:acetyl-CoA acetyl-transferase (PAF acetyltransferase) in cell lysates, thus enhancing the anabolic pathway of PAF synthesis without altering the activity of PAF acetylhydrolase, which regulates PAF catabolism. RSV infection of human monocytes also caused a marked increase in [3H] monocytes also caused to uninfected monocytes. Thus, virus infection serves as a novel stimulus to induce PAF synthesis in human mononuclear phagocytes and suggests that increased PAF production may have a critical role in the inflammatory response to RSV.
Africa South of the Sahara 1984-85. (1984)

Journal Article Africa south of the Sahara 1984–85 Get access Africa south of the Sahara 1984–85. 14th edn. London: Europa. 1984. 1012pp. £48.00. N. G. N. G. 1Chatham House Library Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 61, Issue 1, January 1985, Page 190, https://doi.org/10.2307/2619853 Published: 01 January 1985
Distributed analyzer architecture permits real-time monitoring of heterogeneous local area networks (2003)

LANVista, a distributed analyzer architecture for real-time monitoring of local area networks (LANs), is described. LAN installations range from tens of nodes interconnected over a single homogeneous network, to hundreds of nodes distributed on a variety of network types interconnected through repeaters, bridges and gateways. The modular, portable architecture of the analyzer facilitates troubleshooting, analysis, diagnosis and management of multi-vendor heterogeneous LANs from a single master station. Moreover, as new networking standards emerge, the system can be easily upgraded.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of Hematopoietic Cells in the Maintenance of Chronic Human Torquetenovirus Plasma Viremia (2010)

Many aspects of the life cycle of torquetenoviruses (TTVs) are essentially unexplored. In particular, it is still a matter of speculation which cell type(s) replicates the viruses and maintains the generally high viral loads found in the blood of infected hosts. In this study, we sequentially measured the TTV loads in the plasma of four TTV-positive leukemia patients who were strongly myelosuppressed and then transplanted with haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells. The findings provide clear quantitative evidence for an extremely important role of hematopoietic cells in the maintenance of TTV viremia.
Cognitive Function in Recent-Onset Demyelinating Diseases (1986)

To determine cognitive disturbances in recent demyelinating disease, we studied 21 patients with definite or probable multiple sclerosis (MS) of less than two years' duration and nine patients with recently isolated optic neuritis. None had any clinical or social evidence of cognitive impairment. Mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Mild to moderate cognitive impairment was present in 18 (60%) of 30 cases, affecting visual and/or verbal efficiency. These abnormalities were statistically significant when compared with the results of a control group of 29 patients. There was no correlation with a depressive status, between the presence of cognitive impairment and either the degree of handicap or the activity of the disease. The frequency of cognitive dysfunction (60%) appears to be comparable to that reported in other series in which MS evolution is over ten years. The natural history of cognitive functions in MS has to be identified. Neuropsychologic tests could be useful in the diagnosis of monosymptomatic or paucisymptomatic forms of MS (ie, visual or medullary).
Level based on moiré deflectometry (1982)

We demonstrate an optical level based on the measurement of the inclination angle between a mirror and a reference liquid surface by moiré deflectometry. It may be operated with noncoherent light under conditions of relatively low mechanical stability.
Compositional Variations of TiAlN Films Deposited by Metalorganic Atomic Layer Deposition Method (2002)

We investigated compositional variations in TiAlN films grown by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method at a relatively low temperature (200°C) and their effects on the barrier characteristics for copper metallization. TiAlN films were deposited using tetrakis-dimethyl-amino-titanium (TDMAT) as the titanium precursor, dimethylaluminum-hydride-ethylpiperidine (DMAH-EPP) as the aluminum precursor and NH3 as the reactant gas. Three samples of different compositions were prepared by controlling the number of TDMAT–NH3 and DMAH-EPP–NH3 processing cycles. Titanium and aluminum contents corresponded well with each of the precursor processing cycles while the nitrogen incorporated remained relatively constant. The oxygen and carbon contents were strongly dependent on the aluminum and titanium contents. The TiAlN film exhibited an amorphous structure and the amorphous characteristics remained even at an annealing temperature as high as 900°C. The titanium-rich TiAlN film showed lower resistivity (≈1500 µΩ·cm) than the aluminum-rich film. This study demonstrated composition controllability of ALD techniques by simple manipulation of the processing cycle of each precursor and revealed improved barrier characteristics of TiAlN.
Influence of the type of epoxy hardener on the structure and properties of interpenetrated vinyl ester/epoxy resins (2004)

Abstract The morphology–toughness relationship of vinyl ester/cycloaliphatic epoxy hybrid resins of interpenetrating network (IPN) structures was studied as a function of the epoxy hardening. The epoxy was crosslinked via polyaddition reactions (with aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diamines), cationic homopolymerization (via a boron trifluoride complex), and maleic anhydride. Maleic anhydride worked as a dual‐phase crosslinking agent by favoring the formation of a grafted IPN structure between the vinyl ester and epoxy. The type of epoxy hardener strongly affected the IPN morphology and toughness. The toughness was assessed by linear elastic fracture mechanics, which determined the fracture toughness and energy. The more compact the IPN structure was, the lower the fracture energy was of the interpenetrated vinyl ester/epoxy formulations. This resulted in the following toughness ranking: aliphatic diamine > cycloaliphatic diamine ≥ boron trifluoride complex > maleic anhydride. For IPN characterization, the width of the entangling bands and the surface roughness parameters were considered. Their values were deduced from atomic force microscopy scans taken on ion‐etched surfaces. More compact, less rough IPN‐structured resins possessed lower toughness parameters than less compact, rougher structured ones. The latter were less compatible according to dynamic mechanical thermal and thermogravimetric analyses. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5471–5481, 2004
Coherent terahertz acoustic vibrations in polar and semipolar gallium nitride-based superlattices (2009)

The femtosecond optical pump-probe technique is used to generate and detect the coherent acoustic vibrations with a frequency 0.83×1012Hz in polar (0001) and semipolar (112¯2) InGaN∕GaN superlattices. The measured amplitude of the vibrations in the semipolar sample is about five times smaller that in the polar one. Analysis of the experimental data and theoretical estimates suggest that, in addition to piezoelectric, deformation potential provides essential contribution to both generation and detection of vibrations, especially in the semipolar superlattice.
Mahdist Oral Praise Poetry as a Historical Source: Qurashi Muhammad Hasan's Qasa'id min Shu'ara'al-Mahdiyya (1994)

Various p-tert-octylcalix[4]arene derivatives as hydrophobic extractants have been prepared to investigate Ag(I) extraction efficiency in a batch-wise process in nitric acid media. The influence of the functional groups of the hydrophobic extractants on the interfacial behavior and Ag(I) extraction efficiency in nitric acid media has been investigated using the drop-volume method. Fitting of the interfacial tension isotherms to the Gibbs and Szyszkowski equations has provided parameters characterizing the interfacial activity of the extractants, in particular the Gibbs free energy of adsorption at the interface, the interface excess on saturation (Г<sub>∞</sub>) and the average area per the adsorbed extractant molecule (A<sub>min</sub>). The amido-type p-tert-octylcalix[4]arene derivatives have strong interfacial activity and fast extraction rates. The interface excess at saturation (Г<sub>∞</sub>) increased with the type of functional groups in the following order: methyl ketonic < phenyl ketonic < dibenzyl amido < diethyl amido < quinolyl < pyridyl. The relationship between the interfacial activity and the dependence of the Ag(I) extraction efficiency on the different functional groups is discussed. The interfacial behavior of the extractants affected both the solvent extraction equilibrium and the kinetics and the overall results are consistent with a mass transfer mechanism at the heterogeneous liquid-liquid interfaces.