gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Methods in Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (1991)

Breeding plants for the 21st century, D. Murray chromosomal organization and gene mapping, N.F. Weeden gene transfer to plants using agrobacterium, J.E. Grant, et al electroporation for direct gene transfer into plant protoplasts, C. Rathus and R.G. Birch microprojectile techniques for direct gene transfer, T. Franks and R.G. Birch localizatio of transferred genes in genetically modified plants, A. Mouras, et al chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes - manipulation through somatic hybridization, G. Pelletier modification of the chloroplast genome with particular reference to herbicide resistance, R.J. Rose somatic embryogenesis - potential for use in propagation and gene transfer systems, W. Parrott, et al breeding for insect resistance, J. Gatehouse breeding for resistance to funal diseases, K.J. Scott and A Chakravoty breeding for resistance to bacterial pathogens, M.C. Whalen genetic engineering for resistance to viruses, G.M. Timmerman breeding for resistance to physiological stresses, C.A. Cullis.
Alternatives to the Isomerase-dependent Pathway for the β-Oxidation of Oleic Acid Are Dispensable in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

Fatty acids with double bonds at odd-numbered positions such as oleic acid can enter -oxidation via a pathway relying solely on the auxiliary enzyme 3 - 2enoyl-CoA isomerase, termed the isomerase-dependent pathway. Two novel alternative pathways have recently been postulated to exist in mammals, and these additionally depend on 3,5 - 2,4 -dienoyl-CoA isomerase (diisomerase-dependent) or on 3,5 - 2,4 -dienoyl-CoA isomerase and 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (reductase-dependent). We report the identification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae oleic acid-inducible DCI1 (YOR180c) gene encoding peroxisomal di-isomerase. Enzyme assays conducted on soluble extracts derived from yeast cells overproducing Dci1p using 3,5,8,11,14-eicosapentenoyl-CoA as substrate demonstrated a specific diisomerase activity of 6 nmol min 1 per mg of protein.
Distinct pharmacological properties and distribution in neurons and endocrine cells of two isoforms of the human vesicular monoamine transporter. (1996)

A second isoform of the human vesicular monoamine transporter (hVMAT) has been cloned from a pheochromocytoma cDNA library. The contribution of the two transporter isoforms to monoamine storage in human neuroendocrine tissues was examined with isoform-specific polyclonal antibodies against hVMAT1 and hVMAT2. Central, peripheral, and enteric neurons express only VMAT2. VMAT1 is expressed exclusively in neuroendocrine, including chromaffin and enterochromaffin, cells. VMAT1 and VMAT2 are coexpressed in all chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. VMAT2 alone is expressed in histamine-storing enterochromaffin-like cells of the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach. The transport characteristics and pharmacology of each VMAT isoform have been directly compared after expression in digitonin-permeabilized fibroblastic (CV-1) cells, providing information about substrate feature recognition by each transporter and the role of vesicular monoamine storage in the mechanism of action of psychopharmacologic and neurotoxic agents in human. Serotonin has a similar affinity for both transporters. Catecholamines exhibit a 3-fold higher affinity, and histamine exhibits a 30-fold higher affinity, for VMAT2. Reserpine and ketanserin are slightly more potent inhibitors of VMAT2-mediated transport than of VMAT1-mediated transport, whereas tetrabenazine binds to and inhibits only VMAT2. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, phenylethylamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine are all more potent inhibitors of VMAT2 than of VMAT1, whereas fenfluramine is a more potent inhibitor of VMAT1-mediated monamine transport than of VMAT2-mediated monoamine transport. The unique distributions of hVMAT1 and hVMAT2 provide new markers for multiple neuroendocrine lineages, and examination of their transport properties provides mechanistic insights into the pharmacology and physiology of amine storage in cardiovascular, endocrine, and central nervous system function.
A Large-Scale Assessment of Nucleic Acids Binding Site Prediction Programs (2015)

Computational prediction of nucleic acid binding sites in proteins are necessary to disentangle functional mechanisms in most biological processes and to explore the binding mechanisms. Several strategies have been proposed, but the state-of-the-art approaches display a great diversity in i) the definition of nucleic acid binding sites; ii) the training and test datasets; iii) the algorithmic methods for the prediction strategies; iv) the performance measures and v) the distribution and availability of the prediction programs. Here we report a large-scale assessment of 19 web servers and 3 stand-alone programs on 41 datasets including more than 5000 proteins derived from 3D structures of protein-nucleic acid complexes. Well-defined binary assessment criteria (specificity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy…) are applied. We found that i) the tools have been greatly improved over the years; ii) some of the approaches suffer from theoretical defects and there is still room for sorting out the essential mechanisms of binding; iii) RNA binding and DNA binding appear to follow similar driving forces and iv) dataset bias may exist in some methods.
Phosphorylation enzymes of the propionic acid bacteria and the roles of ATP inorganic pyrophosphate, and polyphosphates. (1985)

It is shown that polyphosphates are not generated in significant amounts in the phosphoglycerate kinase reaction; polyphosphate is more effective than ATP in the formation of glucose 6-P by glucokinase, but the rate with ATP may be adequate to meet the requirements of glucose metabolism; PPi is far more effective than ATP as a phosphate donor in the formation of fructose 1,6-P2 by phosphofructokinase; PPi rather than ATP almost certainly is used in this reaction; and, aside from glucokinase and phosphofructokinase, the enzymes of phosphorylation are specific in their requirements of phosphate donors or acceptors and are present in adequate amounts to meet the requirements of glucose metabolism by the propionic acid bacteria.
Homer and the Monuments - H. L. Lorimer: Homer and the Monuments. Pp. xxiv + 552; 32 plates, 61 text-figures. London: Macmillan, 1950. Cloth, £3 net. (1952)

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DNA Synthesis and Mitoses in Coronary Collateral Vessels of the Dog (1971)

DNA synthesis and mitotic activity in coronary collateral arterioles was assessed in dogs at different time intervals after gradual ameroid constriction of the left circumflex coronary artery. Labeling of nuclei and the mitotic index were highest at 3 weeks after implantation of the constrictor and gradually declined thereafter. Labeling persisted for at least 8 weeks but radioactive DNA was not found 12 months after coronary artery constriction nor in controls or animals with sham operations. Proliferative activity was, at any time interval, highest at the level of the smallest diameters of the collateral vessels. Labeled nuclei and mitoses were found in endothelial, medial, and adventitial cells. Myocardial mesenchymal cells also incorporated tritiated thymidine. The data provide evidence that after constriction of a major coronary artery, the coronary collateral vessels enlarge by an active growth process that follows the basic laws of cell kinetics.
Review of "Switching to VoIP by Ted Wallingford," O’Reilly & Associates, 2005, $39.95 ISBN: 0596008686 (2006)

Review of "Switching to VoIP by Ted Wallingford," O’Reilly & Associates, 2005, $39.95 ISBN: 0596008686
A compact electromagnet for general purposes (1933)

An electromagnet suitable for many branches of research work is described. Special attention is paid to the construction of the coils, which are cooled by the circulation of oil. Some tests and experiments with a magnetic potentiometer are described.
Combinatorial Protein Biochemistry for Therapeutics and Proteomics (2004)

This paper reviews progress towards the customised generation of proteins for applications as therapeutics, diagnostics and in proteomics. It particularly focuses on combinatorial approaches where proteins with pre-defined biochemical and biophysical characteristics are selected from large variant libraries.
On the Possibility of Miniature Diamond-Based Magnetometers Using Waveguide Geometries (2018)

We propose the use of a diamond waveguide structure to enhance the sensitivity of magnetometers relying on the detection of the spin state of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond by infrared optical absorption. An optical waveguide structure allows for enhanced optical path-lengths avoiding the use of optical cavities and complicated setups. The presented design for diamond-based magnetometers enables miniaturization while maintaining high sensitivity and forms the basis for magnetic field sensors applicable in biomedical, industrial and space-related applications.
3D Kirchhoff Prestack Time Migration for V(z) and VTI Media (2002)

F-43 3D KIRCHHOFF PRESTACK TIME MIGRATION FOR V(Z) AND VTI MEDIA Summary 1 Transversely isotropic media with vertical symmetry axis (VTI) or polar anisotropy may have a significant impact in the energy focusing and imaging accuracy obtained by prestack Kirchhoff time migration. We propose a new migration algorithm that combines the effects of V(z) (depth variable velocity) and VTI. We assume that ray bending is caused by V(z) and that VTI is mainly caused by fine layering. We derived a new high order traveltime equation for V(z) media and extended it to account approximately for VTI media. This equation is
Insight into the Cellular Internalization and Cytotoxicity of Graphene Quantum Dots (2013)

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), owing to their unique morphology, ultra-small lateral sizes, and exceptional properties, hold great promise for many applications, especially in the biomedical field. In this work, the cellular internalization, distribution, and cytotoxicity of the GQDs are explored complementarily using transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies, and flow cytometry with human gastric cancer MGC-803 and breast cancer MCF-7 cells. It is demonstrated that the GQDs are internalized primarily through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. The effects of GQDs on the cell viability, internal cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membranes potential, and cell cycles show that the cytotoxicity of GQDs is lower than that of the micrometer-sized graphene oxide (GO). The low cytotoxicity and size consistence render GQDs appropriate for biomedical application.
Mechanism of methanol synthesis on Cu(100) and Zn/Cu(100) surfaces: Comparative dipped adcluster model study (2000)

The mechanism of methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2 on Cu(100) and Zn/Cu(100) surfaces was studied using the dipped adcluster model (DAM) combined with ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF) and second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2) calculations. On clean Cu(100) surface, our calculations show that five successive hydrogenations are involved in the hydrogenation of adsorbed CO2 to methanol, and the intermediates are formate, dioxomethylene, formaldehyde, and methoxy. The rate-limiting step is the hydrogenation of formate to formaldehyde, and the Cu–Cu site is responsible for the reaction on Cu(100). The roles of Zn on Zn/Cu(100) catalyst are to modify the rate-limiting step of the reaction: to lower the activation energies of this step and to stabilize the dioxomethylene intermediate at the Cu–Zn site. The present comparative results indicate that the Cu–Zn site is the active site, which cooperates with the Cu–Cu site to catalyze methanol synthesis on a Cu-based catalyst. Electron transfer from surface to adsorbates is the most important factor in affecting the reactivity of these surface catalysts. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 77: 341–349, 2000
Thin Magnetically Soft Wires for Magnetic Microsensors (2009)

Recent advances in technology involving magnetic materials require development of novel advanced magnetic materials with improved magnetic and magneto-transport properties and with reduced dimensionality. Therefore magnetic materials with outstanding magnetic characteristics and reduced dimensionality have recently gained much attention. Among these magnetic materials a family of thin wires with reduced geometrical dimensions (of order of 1-30 μm in diameter) have gained importance within the last few years. These thin wires combine excellent soft magnetic properties (with coercivities up to 4 A/m) with attractive magneto-transport properties (Giant Magneto-impedance effect, GMI, Giant Magneto-resistance effect, GMR) and an unusual re-magnetization process in positive magnetostriction compositions exhibiting quite fast domain wall propagation. In this paper we overview the magnetic and magneto-transport properties of these microwires that make them suitable for microsensor applications.
Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and Pulse Pressure as Predictors of Risk for Congestive Heart Failure in the Framingham Heart Study (2003)

Although each component of blood pressure was associated with risk for CHF, pulse and systolic pressure conferred greater risk than diastolic pressure. Increased pulse pressure may help identify hypertensive patients at high risk for overt CHF who are candidates for aggressive blood pressure control.
Effect of Catalyst on the Performance of Rechargeable Lithium/Air Batteries. (2007)

Rechargeable lithium batteries are now a major technology, driven by their superior energy density compared with alternative rechargeable batteries. There is much interest in increasing further the energy density. This is limited by the positive electrode, LiCoO2, which can cycle only around 0.5 Li per formula unit. Intensive research world-wide on new intercalation cathodes will increase the amount of Li that may be stored, but only by a factor of 2. Replacing the intercalation cathode with an O2 electrode could raise the capacity 5-10-fold. Here we explore the influence of the catalyst could have on the performance of a non-aqueous O2 electrode on a Li/O2 cell. Of the catalysts studied, the highest capacity retentions were observed with Fe3O4, CuO and CoFe2O4 (6.67% per cycle). Co3O4 gives the best compromise between initial capacity (2000mAhg-1) and capacity retention (6.5% per cycle), as well as the lowest charging voltage 4V.
SMV-HUNTER: Large Scale, Automated Detection of SSL/TLS Man-in-the-Middle Vulnerabilities in Android Apps (2014)

Author(s): David Sounthiraraj, Justin Sahs, Garret Greenwood, Zhiqiang Lin, Latifur Khan Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 22 Feb 2014 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2014 Abstract: Many Android apps use SSL/TLS to transmit sensitive information securely. However, developers can override the standard SSL/TLS certificate validation process, introducing vulnerabilities. In this … Continued
Synthesis and in Vitro Antitumor Activity of Platinum Acetonimine Complexes (2006)

The cis- and trans-dichloro- and diiodo-platinum(II) complexes containing two acetonimines (cis- and trans-[PtX(2){HN=C(CH(3))(2)}(2)], 1 and 2 for X = Cl and 1' and 2' for X = I, respectively) or one acetonimine and one ammine (cis- and trans-[PtX(2)(NH(3)){HN=C(CH(3))(2)}], 3 and 4 for X = Cl and 3' and 4' for X = I, respectively) have been prepared from platinum-ammine precursors by condensation with acetone. Except for the cis-diiodo species, in all other cases the presence of a base was required. A crucial role of the ligand trans to the ammine undergoing condensation with acetone has been disclosed: the greater the trans effect the greater the reactivity. In a panel of human tumor cell lines representative of ovarian, colon, lung, and breast cancers, cis complexes 1 and 3 are less active than cis-DDP (mean IC(50) = 20, 12.5, and 2.8 microM, respectively), whereas trans complexes 2 and 4 are more active than trans-DDP (mean IC(50) = 10.6, 26, and 164 microM, respectively), thus indicating that substitution of acetonimine for one or two ammine ligands determines strikingly different effects depending upon the complex geometry.
Conjoined Twin in Triplet Pregnancy Occurring after ICSI, Cryopreservation, and Assisted Hatching (2003)

Conjoined twins result from an abnormal process in the development of monozygotic twins. Monozygotic twins are closely associated with assisted reproductive technology, especially assisted hatching. The prognosis for conjoined twins is very poor. This risk underscores the importance of fetal screening by ultrasonography in the early stages of pregnancy, since the conjoined twin can be detected by ultrasonography. Here we reported a case of conjoined twin in a triplet pregnancy after a transfer of cryopreserved embryos with assisted hatching that were obtained by ICSI.
Increased Lipid Accumulation in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii <i>sta7-10</i> Starchless Isoamylase Mutant and Increased Carbohydrate Synthesis in Complemented Strains (2010)

The accumulation of bioenergy carriers was assessed in two starchless mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (the sta6 [ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase] and sta7-10 [isoamylase] mutants), a control strain (CC124), and two complemented strains of the sta7-10 mutant. The results indicate that the genetic blockage of starch synthesis in the sta6 and sta7-10 mutants increases the accumulation of lipids on a cellular basis during nitrogen deprivation relative to that in the CC124 control as determined by conversion to fatty acid methyl esters. However, this increased level of lipid accumulation is energetically insufficient to completely offset the loss of cellular starch that is synthesized by CC124 during nitrogen deprivation. We therefore investigated acetate utilization and O(2) evolution to obtain further insights into the physiological adjustments utilized by the two starchless mutants in the absence of starch synthesis. The results demonstrate that both starchless mutants metabolize less acetate and have more severely attenuated levels of photosynthetic O(2) evolution than CC124, indicating that a decrease in overall anabolic processes is a significant physiological response in the starchless mutants during nitrogen deprivation. Interestingly, two independent sta7-10:STA7 complemented strains exhibited significantly greater quantities of cellular starch and lipid than CC124 during acclimation to nitrogen deprivation. Moreover, the complemented strains synthesized significant quantities of starch even when cultured in nutrient-replete medium.
Quantitative assessment of phytopathogenic fungi in various substrates using a DNA macroarray (2005)

Detection, identification and quantification of plant pathogens are the cornerstones of preventive plant disease management. To detect multiple pathogens in a single assay, DNA array technology currently is the most suitable technique. However, for sensitive detection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification before array hybridization is required. To evaluate whether DNA array technology can be used to simultaneously detect and quantify multiple pathogens, a DNA macroarray was designed and optimized for accurate quantification over at least three orders of magnitude of the economically important vascular wilt pathogens Verticillium albo-atrum and Verticillium dahliae. A strong correlation was observed between hybridization signals and pathogen concentrations for standard DNA added to DNA from different origins and for infested samples. While accounting for specific criteria like amount of immobilized detector oligonucleotide and controls for PCR kinetics, accurate quantification of pathogens was achieved in concentration ranges typically encountered in horticultural practice. Subsequently, quantitative assessment of other tomato pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani) in environmental samples was performed using DNA array technology and correlated to measurements obtained using real-time PCR. As both methods of quantification showed a very high degree of correlation, the reliability and robustness of the DNA array technology is shown.
Growing of Ferroelectric PbTiO3 Crystals (1958)

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Phase shifting interferometry: reference phase error reduction (1989)

The accuracy of phase shifting interferometry is limited by reference phase errors caused by nonlinearities in the phase shifter movements, calibration errors of this device, phase drifts during the measuring interval, and low frequency mechanical vibrations. Since the error depends on the phase to be measured in a sinusoidal fashion one can greatly reduce its influence on the measuring results. For this purpose a function also containing the characteristic error function, is fitted to the measured data. In a second step the error function is subtracted from the measured phase values. In most cases an error reduction by 1 order of magnitude seems achievable as has been demonstrated by computer simulations.
[Quality of care in family planning clinical services in Latin America]. (1990)

Quality of care in family planning is a difficult concept to measure because of the multitude of factors contributing to it and the subjective nature of many of them. Because family planning programs were developed largely in response to rapid demographic growth, their evaluation has concentrated on fulfillment of quantified goals such as numbers of new users, coverage, or prevalence. Such measures give no indication of the relative satisfaction or dissatisfaction of users. Family planning programs seeking high volume tend to have many new acceptors with low continuation rates, and a choice of methods limited to those considered highly effective and easy to distribute. In most Latin American programs, only oral contraceptives and surgical sterilization have high prevalence rates. In recent years, however, community pressure for greater attention to users needs and disappointment with results of programs oriented to obtaining high rates of new users have prompted greater attention top satisfaction of family planning clients and to quality of services. A recent review identified 6 crucial elements in determining the quality of family planning care: 1) free and informed selection of methods 2) information provided to clients 3) technical competence of service providers 4) interpersonal relations between clients and workers 5) mechanisms to promote continuation of use and 6) adequate provision of additional services. This work surveys the quality of family planning services in Latin America, using these 6 factors as a point of departure. The current situation, the ideal and minimal acceptable levels, and the most promising strategies for achieving improvements are assessed for each factor. Free selection of contraceptive method is restricted in most Latin American family planning programs because access is limited to a few methods, because inadequate information is provided to users, because high prices of some methods limit accessibility, or because some methods are considered inappropriate for particular clients or populations. The information provided to clients may be incomplete or biased, the personnel providing it may be inadequately trained, information provided by different types of workers may be incoherent of conflicting, or information provision may be neglected once the method has been chosen. Great regional differences have been found in the technical competence of family planning workers. Physicians working in family planning are usually technically competent for the most common techniques but often lack adequate training in other methods. Interpersonal relations often show a lack of concern for the needs of the client, a lack of warmth, and lack of respect for elementary modesty and privacy. Operational studies can be of great use in comparing results of different strategies to improve the quality of care on contraceptive acceptance and continuation rates.