gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Polymeric Electron Acceptor Based on Perylenediimide-Bridged Ladder Polysiloxane (2010)

A soluble perylenediimide (PDI) bridged ladder polysiloxane (PDI-LPS) was prepared using ladder superstructure (LS) directed dehydration polycondensation. LS was first assembled via synergistic interactions of hydrogen-bonding and π−π stacking of tetrasilanol monomers (M2s) as verified from XRD, 29Si NMR, and VPO characterizations. The ladder regularity of PDI-LPS was confirmed by a narrow half-peak width (Δ) of <1 ppm for SiO2/2 unit in the 29Si NMR spectra. The alignment of ladder chains was also demonstrated from high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HR-TEM) observations. We successfully used ladderlike structure to chemically confine PDI cores within one-dimensional polymeric semiconductor. The resulting PDI-LPS not only retained PDI’s optoelectronic properties but also gained enhanced solubility in common organic solvents and improved thermal stability.
Activity-sensitive architectural power analysis (1996)

Prompted by demands for portability and low-cost packaging, the electronics industry has begun to view power consumption as a critical design criterion. As such there is a growing need for tools that can accurately predict power consumption early in the design process, many high-level power analysis models do not adequately model activity, however, leading to inaccurate results. This paper describes an activity-sensitive power analysis strategy for datapath, memory, control path, and interconnect elements. Since datapath and memory modeling has been described in a previous publication, this paper focuses mainly on a new Activity-Based Control (ABC) model and on a hierarchical interconnect analysis strategy that enables estimates of chip area as well as power consumption. Architecture-level estimates are compared to switch-level measurements based on net lists extracted from the layouts of three chips: a digital filter, a global controller, and a microprocessor. The average power estimation error is about 9% with a standard deviation of 10%, and the area estimates err on average by 14% with a standard deviation of 6%.
A Review of Solder Glasses (1975)

A compilation of data on solder glasses from the literature is presented. Sources are: Chemical Abstracts, Ceramic Abstracts, Abstracts in Physics and Chemistry of Glasses, and pertinent books. Even though not exhaustive, domestic and foreign sources are included.
Quasi-continuous-wave operation of an organic thin-film distributed feedback laser (2006)

The operation of organic thin-film distributed feedback lasers at repetition rates up to 5MHz is studied. The active organic medium consists of a highly efficient, modified poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) derivative containing 12% of statistical intrachain 6,6′ -(2,2′-octyloxy-1,1′-binaphthalene) binaphthyl spacer groups. The threshold energy density of these pulsed optically pumped lasers remains virtually unaltered at elevated repetition rates up to 5MHz. Therefore, we conclude that on this time scale photoinduced absorption which might affect the waveguide loss or the overall quantum efficiency is negligible in our active polymer. These results state an organic solid-state laser operating at repetition rates in the megahertz range which for many applications can be considered as quasi-cw.
Improving proton therapy by metal-containing nanoparticles: nanoscale insights (2016)

The use of nanoparticles to enhance the effect of radiation-based cancer treatments is a growing field of study and recently, even nanoparticle-induced improvement of proton therapy performance has been investigated. Aiming at a clinical implementation of this approach, it is essential to characterize the mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of nanoparticles combined with proton irradiation. In this study, we investigated the effect of platinum- and gadolinium-based nanoparticles on the nanoscale damage induced by a proton beam of therapeutically relevant energy (150 MeV) using plasmid DNA molecular probe. Two conditions of irradiation (0.44 and 3.6 keV/μm) were considered to mimic the beam properties at the entrance and at the end of the proton track. We demonstrate that the two metal-containing nanoparticles amplify, in particular, the induction of nanosize damages (>2 nm) which are most lethal for cells. More importantly, this effect is even more pronounced at the end of the proton track. This work gives a new insight into the underlying mechanisms on the nanoscale and indicates that the addition of metal-based nanoparticles is a promising strategy not only to increase the cell killing action of fast protons, but also to improve tumor targeting.
Remote Area Satellite Service Bushfire Sensor (1993)

A pre-Phase A study was undertaken on the feasibility of a small bushfire sensor as a secondary payload on a low earth orbit communications satellite. The flux from typical fires in the mid infrared is sufficient to allow detection of small fires with a modest instrument. The revisit time for a single satellite is inadequate for near-urban firefighting, but is adequate for monitoring fires in forests and remote areas. With the addition of other satellites in an appropriately phased constellation, revisit times are reduced. Such an instrument is within the capability of Australian industry to develop.
학교안전사고 예방 및 보상에 관한 법률의 일 고찰: 학교안전사고 예방을 중심으로 (2013)

종래 학교에서 교육활동 중에 발생하는 사고에 대해서는 사인 간에 발생한 손해배상의 문제로 간주하여 민법의 적용대상으로 보거나 교육과 관련된 문제로 치부하여 지방자치단체의 교육자치와 연계하여 검토되어 왔을 뿐, 국가는 직접 관여하지 아니하였다. 그러나 국민의 생명ㆍ신체에 위협이 되는 학교안전사고의 예방과 보상에 대해서는 단순한 교육자치의 차원을 넘어 헌법에 규정된 국가의 기본권보호의무의 이행 및 사회보장제도의 측면에서 검토되어야 한다. 이러한 기본이념을 바탕으로 2007년에는 「학교안전사고 예방 및 보상에 관한 법률」이 제정되었는데, 현행 법률은 학교안전사고의 예방과 보상으로 나누어 규정하고 있다. 학생, 교직원, 교육활동참여자를 보호를 함에 있어서 학교안전사고로 인하여 생명ㆍ신체에 대한 침해가 이미 발생한 경우에 치료비, 소득상실 등 주로 재산적손해를 제거하기 위한 사후적인 보호수단으로서의 보험급여도 중요한 의미를 지니기는 하지만, 학교안전사고가 발생하기 이전에 사고 그 자체를 미연에 방지하기 위한 사전예방적 대책이 가장 바람직하다. 왜냐하면 생명ㆍ신체라는 법익은 모든 여타 기본권들의 전제이자 기초이며, 그 성질상 일단 침해되면 그 침해의 정도에 따라서는 원상으로 회복하는 것이 불가능하거나 완전한 회복이 어려운 법익이기 때문이다. 이러한 이유로 본고에서는 학교안전사고의 예방에 대해 중점을 두고 연구하였고, 특히 헌법에 규정된 국가의 기본권보호의무의 이행이라는 관점에서 연구하였다. 본고에서 논의하는 순서는 다음과 같다. 먼저 학교안전사고를 바라보는 시각을 재정립하기 위해 현행 법률의 제정경위 및 현행 법률에 내포되어 있는 기본이념을 살펴본다(Ⅱ). 또한 현행 법률은 제정과정에서 여러 개의 법률을 모방한 것으로 추정되는데, 법률의 이해를 돕기 위해 모방한 법률 중에서 입법취지가 유사한 법률 및 전혀 입법취지를 달리하는 법률과의 공통점과 차이점을 살펴본다. 이를 통해 제정 당시부터 현행 법률에 내재되어 있는 문제점을 쉽게 추론할 수 있을 것이다(Ⅲ). 그리고 현행 법률에 규정된 사전적 예방조치의 문제점과 개선방안을 검토한다. 여기에서는 현행 법률을 단편적으로 검토하는 것이 아니라 헌법을 정점으로 하는 우리나라의 법체계적 구조하에서 헌법에 규정된 국가의 기본권보호의무의 이행이라는 관점에서 현행 법률의 문제점과 개선방안을 모색하였다(Ⅳ). 마지막으로 결론에서는 논의를 요약ㆍ정리한다(Ⅴ). 본고를 통하여 향후 입법적인 방향을 잡는데 조금이나마 도움이 되기를 바라며, 외국의 사례연구를 포함하여 우리나라에서 나타나는 문제점과 이에 대응하는 논의와 판례 등을 집적하여 나가면서 단계적으로 보다 실증적인 연구작업이 이루어 질 수 있기를 기대해본다.
Cooling negative-ion beams (2002)

Studies have been conducted to determine the feasibility of using the collisional cooling technique as a means of reducing energy spreads and emittances of sputter-generated negative-ion beams. A gas-filled rf-quadrupole ion cooler, equipped with provisions for decelerating ion beams to sufficiently low energies prior to cooling and reaccelerating them to high energies following the cooling process, has been designed and used to cool O− and F− ion beams with initial energy spreads, ΔE&gt;10 eV to final energy spreads, ΔE∼2 eV full width half-maximum. Overall transmission efficiencies of ∼14% for F− beams have been obtained. Experimental results show that electron detachment is the major loss mechanism for negative ions.
Study on synthesis of the 7-dehydrocholesteryl aetate (2009)

The synthesis of the 7-dehydrocholesteryl aetate is discussed in the article. 7-Dehydrocholesteryl acetate is prepared by bromination the cholesteryl aetate and debromination then. Content of the 7-dehydrocholesteryl acetate is detected by the gas chromatography. The selectivites of the bromination and debromination are appraised by the change of the quality of the 7-dehydrocholesteryl acetate and the yield of the 7-dehydrocholesteryl acetate calculated from the cholesteryl aetate. The ultimate result of Chosen evocator is ABV, and the selectivites of bromination and debromination are advanced. Furthermore, the reaction temperature, the time and the dosage of evocator on bromination are discussed, the best conditions of reaction is confirmed. The result indicated, the content of 7-dehydrocholesteryl acetate from 60% to 70% , the overall yield of 7-dehydrocholesteryl acetate based on cholesteryl aetate from 56% to 69%.
On the Linear Precoding of Non-Orthogonal STBC for Correlated MIMO Channel (2007)

In this paper, linear precoding for non-orthogonal space time block codes (STBC) is investigated. A theoretical model of spatial correlation with a Laplacian distribution of AOA is first derived. The design of the precoder is based on the choice of the codeword error matrix according to a criterion. We propose here a new criterion based on the system outage probability to select the suitable codeword error matrix allowing to move rapidly from one diversity order to the next. Codeword selection points out the importance of the determinant and the eigenvalues of the error matrices. The proposed method is applied to the non-orthogonal optimal STBC : 2 times 2 golden code and 4 times 4 perfect code.
The impact of body temperature abnormalities on the disease severity and outcome in patients with severe sepsis: an analysis from a multicenter, prospective survey of severe sepsis (2013)

UMIN-CTR ID UMIN000008195.
Steroide. 73. Gekoppelte Additionsreaktionen an 14,15‐ungesättigten Androstanen Einfluß des positiven Halogens auf die Regioselektivität (1983)

Steroids. 73. Joint Addition Reactions to 14,15‐Unsaturated Androstanes. Influence of the Positive Charged Halogen on the Regioselectivity The joint addition of positive charged halogens and nitrogenous nucleophils to 14,15‐unsaturated olefins is investigated. It was established that the regioselectivity of the addition reaction is different for bromine and iodine. This surprising result is discussed. Ring closure reactions of the addition products to the corresponding aziridines are investigated.
Enantiomerically pure dihydropyrimidinones as reagents and auxiliaries for asymmetric synthesis (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantiomerically pure dihydropyrimidinones as reagents and auxiliaries for asymmetric synthesisKent S. Chu, George R. Negrete, Joseph P. Konopelski, Frederick J. Lakner, Nam Tae Woo, and Marilyn M. OlmsteadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5, 1800–1812Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00031a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00031a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views516Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Imidazolyl Derivatives of the Naphthalene and Chroman Rings as Thromboxane A2 Synthase Inhibitors. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Semiautomatic quantitation of macrophages in human renal biopsy specimens in proteinuric states. (1997)

The equipment is inexpensive and measurement takes less than one minute per biopsy specimen. The results indicate that macrophage infiltration is part of the pathological process in minimal change nephropathy and membranous glomerulonephritis. The correlation with creatinine at time of biopsy suggests that renal impairment in minimal change nephropathy may result from infiltration by immunologically active cells and not merely from haemodynamic changes in nephrons. However, the correlation is not close, indicating that the relation between macrophage infiltration and disease severity is not a simple one.
An Efficient Synthesis of Bis-1,3-(3′-aryl-<i>N</i>-heterocycl-1′-yl)arenes as CCC-NHC Pincer Ligand Precursors (2014)

A report that demonstrated an efficient methodology for the arylation of imidazoles has been extended to bis(N-heterocyclic) compounds. Using bis(aryl) iodonium salts provides high-yielding access to CCC-NHC ligand precursors in a single step. Examples of arylation using various iodonium salts are reported herein with an investigation into the factors governing their relative rate of reactivity. The metalation of one of these compounds using Zr(NMe2)4 and its subsequent treatment with [Pt(COD)Cl2] to yield a transmetalated product are reported.
Electrochemical characterization of a microcellular carbon foam/epoxy composite electrode (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical characterization of a microcellular carbon foam/epoxy composite electrodeBrian K. Davis, Stephen G. Weber, and Alan P. SylwesterCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 10, 1000–1003Publication Date (Print):May 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00209a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00209a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Positron Emission Tomography (2011)

Oncological imaging has thoroughly changed in the past decade, especially due to the introduction of PET and 18FDG. In Positron Emission Tomography, expert referring specialists and professional image
Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (2011)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the commonest inherited neuromuscular disorder affecting at least 1 in 2,500. Over the last two decades, there have been rapid advances in understanding the molecular basis for many forms of CMT with more than 30 causative genes now described. This has made obtaining an accurate genetic diagnosis possible but at times challenging for clinicians. This review aims to provide a simple, pragmatic approach to diagnosing CMT from a clinician's perspective.
L-arginine for testing endothelium-dependent vascular functions in health and disease. (1997)

The objective of this study was to assess the role of L-arginine, the natural precursor of nitric oxide, for testing endothelial function in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In an initial study of 20 healthy subjects, mean blood pressure decreases in response to increasing doses of L-arginine (1, 2, 3, and 5 g) were 1.1 +/- 1.3, 2.6 +/- 1.5, 7.6 +/- 1.3, and 7.7 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01. The enantiomer D-arginine (3 g) did not produce any change in mean blood pressure and platelet aggregation (n = 10), whereas the infusion of the L-arginine analog NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (6 mg/min) reduced by 70% the vascular effects of L-arginine. In the whole population of 52 healthy subjects, there was an inverse correlation between age and blood pressure or platelet aggregation changes after L-arginine. Compared with matched controls (n = 20), the changes in mean blood pressure and platelet aggregation after L-arginine were significantly lower in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (n = 20) and hypercholesterolemic (n = 16), but not in hypertensive (n = 20), subjects. Changes in blood viscosity were significantly lower only in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Our findings suggest that an intravenous bolus of 3 g L-arginine may be a simple and useful tool to assess the endothelial control of blood pressure and platelet activity in health and disease.
Small-Molecule Biomarkers for Clinical PET Imaging of Apoptosis (2010)

Apoptosis is a fundamental biologic process. Molecular imaging of apoptosis in vivo may have important implications for clinical practice, assisting in early detection of disease, monitoring of disease course, assessment of treatment efficacy, or development of new therapies. Although a PET probe for clinical imaging of apoptosis would be highly desirable, this is yet an unachieved goal, mainly because of the required challenging integration of various features, including sensitive and selective detection of the apoptotic cells, clinical aspects such as favorable biodistribution and safety profiles, and compatibility with the radiochemistry and imaging routines of clinical PET centers. Several approaches are being developed to address this challenge, all based on novel small-molecule structures targeting various steps of the apoptotic cascade. This novel concept of small-molecule PET probes for apoptosis is the focus of this review.
Constant information radar for dynamic shared spectrum access (2015)

We derive the constant information radar, or CIR. Previous works developed the notion of a radar estimation rate, a measure of information shared between the true target range and range-rate, and the actual noisy measurement over time. This measure provided a means to compare various cooperative schemes for shared spectrum access for radar and communications (SSPARC). Since it provides a measure of target uncertainty and thus information transfer for a given tracking loop period, it can be used to modulate radar emission rate to minimize shared spectrum impact to communications networks.
Architectural Enhancements to Support Digital Signal Processing and Public-Key Cryptography. (2004)

In recent years, every major micro-processor architecture was extended by a number of special instructions to accelerate the processing of DSP or multimedia workloads. Even simple processors developed for the embedded systems field are nowadays equipped with fast multiply/accumulate (MAC) units to provide greater performance in processing DSP/multimedia kernels. In the present paper, we investigate the suitability of these architectural enhancements to speed up arithmetic operations used in public-key cryptography, most notably multiple-precision modular multiplication. We analyze different algorithms for modular arithmetic and discuss how these algorithms can take advantage of the fast MAC units that are present in various RISC cores based on the MIPS32 and ARMv5TE architecture, respectively. Furthermore, we compare architectural enhancements and instruction set extensions specifically designed to accelerate long integer arithmetic. Our analysis shows that the MIPS32 architecture can be easily extended for efficient cryptography processing and offers some advantages compared to the ARMv5TE architecture.
Connectionist Model to Estimate Performance of Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage in Fractured and Unfractured Petroleum Reservoirs: Enhanced Oil Recovery Implications (2013)

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is an enhanced oil recovery technology for heavy (or viscous) oil and bitumen that involves drilling two horizontal wells in underground formations. Laboratory work, pilot-plant studies, and mathematical model development, which are generally costly, difficult, and time-consuming tasks, are taken into account as important stages in finding an effective and economical method and also predicting the performance of the SAGD technique for a certain heavy-oil reservoir. Currently, smart techniques as accurate and fairly fast tools are highly recommended for these purposes. In this work, an experimental study and an artificial neural network (ANN) linked to an optimization technique, called particle swarm optimization (PSO), were employed to obtain performance parameters such as the cumulative steam-to-oil ratio (CSOR) and recovery factor (RF) for the SAGD process. The outputs of the developed connectionist modeling (i.e., ANN–PSO) were compared with actual data, showing an average error lower than 7%, mostly because of the supremacy of the ANN–PSO method compared to the conventional ANN method and the correlations developed in this study. Furthermore, it is concluded that, among the contributing parameters, reservoir thickness and oil saturation have the most significant impacts on RF and CSOR during SAGD operations. The current study confirms the potential of hybrid connectionist modeling to screen heavy-oil fractured reservoirs for the SAGD process.
Comparison of priority partition methods for VBR MPEG (2002)

Successful exploitation of prioritized ATM networks requires matching the characteristics of the coded source with the unique properties of the network. This is particularly true for video which is very bandwidth intensive. The authors describe and investigate the performance of three prioritization schemes in terms of the traffic characteristics, SNR, and visual quality. These schemes are further designed such that the high priority data stream is MPEG-I compliant and only a single pass through the encoder is required. A technique for choosing parameter values which achieve a specified high priority traffic bandwidth is presented for two of these schemes. The technique is demonstrated to be remarkably accurate for different video sequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Smart antennas for mobile communications systems (2002)

The paper presents an outline of the most important problems related to the development of advanced base station antennas which are referred to as smart antennas. They are needed by new generations of mobile communications systems. Smart antennas involve not only RF components but also a broad segment of digital beamforming and digital signal processing units.
SAR Motion Compensation Using GPS/IMU (2011)

This paper suggests a motion compensation technique using GPS/IMU data in order to compensate for phase error caused by undesired motion of radar platform. An actual flight trajectory would be deviate from an ideal straight-constant trajectory with a constant velocity for SAR imaging, due to pitch, roll and yaw motion of aircraft caused by turbulence. This leads to blurred SAR images due to inter-pulse phase errors as well as along-track velocity errors. If the motion compensation is carried out to reduce those errors, SAR image quality can be significantly improved. Simulation results show that the motion compensation technique introduced in this paper is an effective tool to improve SAR image quality against severe motion of radar platform.