gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic characteristics of mesoscale fractures and applications to wide azimuth 3D P-wave seismic data (2015)

Mesoscale fractures of length on the order of centimeters to meters play a crucial role in fluid flow and hydrocarbon production in fractured reservoirs, and are of great interest to reservoir engineers. Therefore, we need to find a method for obtaining information on mesoscale fractures. Most information on fractures comes from seismic data, specifically through the study of fracture-induced azimuthal anisotropic attributes, such as velocity variation with azimuth (VVAZ), amplitude variation with azimuth (AVAZ) and Q (quality factor for attenuation) variation with azimuth (QVAZ). Using these anisotropic attributes to characterize fracture orientations and densities has been performed for a long time. However, it has not been reported whether these methods can be used to detect mesoscale fractures. In this study, through analysis of the anisotropic response to different lengths of fractures based on a mesoscale fracture model, we find that azimuthal anisotropic attenuation is only sensitive to mesoscale fractures, while the anisotropic velocity represents the response for overall scale fractures. Two models, containing mesoscale fractures of length 1 m and microscale fractures of length 0.01 m, are used to calculate synthetic seismograms. Through analysis of the azimuthal anisotropic attributes (VVAZ, AVAZ and QVAZ) from the synthetic seismograms, the identification ability for microscale and mesoscale fractures is compared. It is observed that QVAZ can be used to invert mesoscale fractures while VVAZ and AVAZ cannot. Finally, the QVAZ method is applied in a wide azimuth 3D P-wave seismic dataset to detect mesoscale fractures and the results are confirmed by imaging loggings. Thus, synthetic seismograms, rock physics analysis and field seismic application demonstrates that anisotropic attenuation is the most effective method to detect mesoscale fractures in wide azimuth 3D P-wave seismic data.
Carbapenemases: Molecular Diversity and Clinical Consequences (2007)

Carbapenemases are beta-lactamases that hydrolyze most beta-lactams including carbapenems. Carbapenemases are classified in four molecular classes; those belonging to class A are the chromosomally-encoded and clavulanic acid-inhibited IMI, NMC-A and SME, identified in Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens; the plasmid-encoded KPC enzymes identified in Enterobacteriaceae (and rarely in Pseudomonas aeruginosa); and the GES-type enzymes identified in Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa. The class B enzymes are the most clinically-significant carbapenemases; they are metallo-beta-lactamases, mostly of the IMP and the VIM series. They have been reported worldwide and their genes are plasmid- and integron-located, hydrolyzing all beta-lactams with the exception of aztreonam. One single plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase, CMY-10, identified in an Enterobacter aerogenes isolate, has been shown to be a cephaslosporinase with some carbapenemase properties. Finally, the class D carbapenemases are being increasingly reported, mostly in Acinetobacter baumannii, and they compromise the efficacy of imipenem and meropenem significantly.
Real-Time Transcription and Separation of Drum Recordings Based on NMF Decomposition. (2014)

This paper proposes a real-time capable method for transcribing and separating occurrences of single drum instruments in polyphonic drum recordings. Both the detection and the decomposition are based on Non-Negative Matrix Factorization and can be implemented with very small systemic delay. We propose a simple modification to the update rules that allows to capture timedynamic spectral characteristics of the involved drum sounds. The method can be applied in music production and music education software. Performance results with respect to drum transcription are presented and discussed. The evaluation data-set consisting of annotated drum recordings is published for use in further studies in the field.
Memory Servers for Multicore Systems (2016)

In multicore systems, tasks can be significantly delayed due to contention for access to shared physical resources. Due to the complexity of the underlying hardware arbitration, analyzing resources such as DRAM main memory is challenging. In particular, compositional delay bounds tend to be highly pessimistic, while non- compositional bounds are tighter but prevent independent subsystem development. To address this issue, in this paper we introduce a novel memory server for multicore real-time systems under partitioned fixed-priority scheduling. Similar to a hierarchical server, our memory server regulates the amount of resource (bandwidth) that a group of tasks is allowed to consume, but the server interface is modified to account for the properties of delay analysis. We show how to derive schedulability conditions for each server and for the system as a whole. Our technique can support multiple memory regulation implementations and delay analyses, while significantly improving system schedulability compared to the unregulated case.
K-channel opening activity of dihydropyridine ZM244085: effect on 86Rb efflux and 3H-P1075 binding in urinary bladder smooth muscle. (1995)

Zeneca ZM244085, 9-(3 cyanophenyl)hexahydro-1,8 acridinedione, is a novel dihydropyridine (DHP) which relaxes KCl precontracted urinary bladder smooth muscle in vitro. The effect of ZM244085 on low and high KCl induced contractions, 86Rb efflux and [3H]-P1075 binding in guinea pig bladder strips was investigated to characterize the K-channel opening properties of this compound. Since ZM244085 is a dihydropyridine its effect on DHP binding sites on Ca2+ channels was also investigated. ZM244085 was found to be more potent in relaxing detrusor strips precontracted with 15 mM KCl than strips precontracted with 80 mM KCl (Li et al., 1995). This functional profile of ZM244085 is similar to that exhibited by typical K-channel openers (PCO). In addition, inhibition of ZM244085 induced relaxation of detrusor strips by glibenclamide suggests that ZM244085 opens ATP sensitive K-channel (KATP) in urinary bladder (Li et al., 1995). Since the glibenclamide sensitive smooth muscle relaxation activity of ZM244085 could still be an indirect effect of this compound on KATP channels we carried out 86Rb efflux studies and [3H]-P1075 binding studies to further confirm these findings. The 86Rb efflux assay is a direct method for monitoring the movement of K+ ions across the cell membranes. Displacement of [3H]-P1075 binding to bladder membranes supports a direct action of the compound on the KATP channel. The present study demonstrates that ZM244085 in a concentration dependent manner increases the rate of 86Rb efflux from guinea pig bladder strips. This effect was inhibited by glibenclamide (30 microM), a known KATP channel blocker. In addition, interaction of ZM244085 with KATP channels was also confirmed in human bladder smooth muscle cells using a 42K efflux assay. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that ZM244085, structurally distinct PCO, inhibited the binding of 3H-P1075 to urinary bladder strips in a manner similar to other KATP openers such as cromakalim and pinacidil. Inhibition of 3H-P1075 binding by ZM244085 and other PCO's correlates well with increases in 86Rb efflux and bladder muscle relaxation studies. Finally, ZM244085 did not exhibit any significant affect on VSCC as evidenced by very weak inhibition of [3H]-PN200,110 binding to bladder membranes by ZM244085. It is concluded that Zeneca ZM244085 is a PCO which activates KATP channels in urinary bladder.
Discovery of convoys in trajectory databases (2008)

As mobile devices with positioning capabilities continue to proliferate, data management for so-called trajectory databases that capture the historical movements of populations of moving objects becomes important. This paper considers the querying of such databases for convoys, a convoy being a group of objects that have traveled together for some time. More specifically, this paper formalizes the concept of a convoy query using density-based notions, in order to capture groups of arbitrary extents and shapes. Convoy discovery is relevant for real-life applications in throughput planning of trucks and carpooling of vehicles. Although there has been extensive research on trajectories in the literature, none of this can be applied to retrieve correctly exact convoy result sets. Motivated by this, we develop three efficient algorithms for convoy discovery that adopt the well-known filter-refinement framework. In the filter step, we apply line-simplification techniques on the trajectories and establish distance bounds between the simplified trajectories. This permits efficient convoy discovery over the simplified trajectories without missing any actual convoys. In the refinement step, the candidate convoys are further processed to obtain the actual convoys. Our comprehensive empirical study offers insight into the properties of the paper's proposals and demonstrates that the proposals are effective and efficient on real-world trajectory data.
Oxidized Proteins in Plasma of Patients with Heart Failure: Role in Endothelial Damage (2008)

This study shows that plasma levels of oxidized proteins are increased in HF, and permitted the identification of two proteins, namely alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen, which underwent oxidation. In vitro results highlighted the potential role of oxidized proteins in the EC damage that occurs in HF.
C terminus of RGS‐GAIP‐interacting protein conveys neuropilin‐1‐mediated signaling during angiogenesis (2006)

Initially, it was thought that there was no intracellular signaling mediated by NRP-1 alone in response to its ligands. However, the emerging data from our group as well as others suggest that the signaling through NRP-1 actually promotes angiogenesis and is mediated through its C-terminal domain and downstream molecules such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Hence, understanding the signal transduction pathways mediated by NRP-1 and identification of its downstream molecules are of importance. By using both in vivo zebrafish model and in vitro tissue culture system, we have shown that the C-terminal three amino acids of NRP-1 (SEA-COOH) are required for NRP-1-mediated angiogenesis. Furthermore, knocking down of RGS-GAIP-interacting protein C terminus (GIPC) in zebrafish, which is associated with C-terminal domain of NRP-1, exhibits similar vasculature phenotypes to those from NRP-1 null. Specific and effective silencing of GIPC in vascular endothelium results in inhibition of NRP-1-mediated migration. In both cases as described, PDZ domain of GIPC is responsible for its function. Taken together, our data suggest a novel role of GIPC in angiogenesis and vessel formation and also support our hypothesis that NRP-1 can facilitate downstream signaling to promote angiogenesis through GIPC.
Massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen an Borchelaten, III. Massenspektrometrische Fragmentierung von Fluorobor- und Phenylborchelaten. (1976)

Mass spectra of several fluoroboron and phenylboron chelates were compared with regard to the influence of the boron substituent F and C 6 H 5 . The fragmentation pattern depends very strongly on the type of the substituent. In the case of the fluorine substituent, the three bonding states of boron will be reached preferably by opening the chelate ring. For the substituent C 6 H 5 this state of boron will be reached by elimination of C 6 H 5 .
Analogical Understanding of the Ragone plot and a New Categorization of Energy Devices (2016)

The main function of energy devices is to generate power and store energy. The typical storage devices are battery and capacitor; generation devices are internal combustion engine (ICE), gas turbine, and fuel cell. Every kinds of energy devices can be compared together in the Ragone plot with respect to specific energy and specific power. Moreover, some difficulties to make position of solar cell in the Ragone plot are proposed. In this paper some analogical explanation is given to understand the underlined meaning. The barrel model is introduced to make analogy; the specific volume and area to the specific energy and specific power. The relationship between the curves depicted in axises of cell voltage with current and specific energy with specific power is tried to be shown in the viewpoint of device operation conditions. Also, the limitation of the Ragone plot is discussed to encompass the existing energy devices to be utilized as the standard benchmarking chart.
Passively Q-switched eyesafe Yb:Er:glass laser (2004)

In this paper, pulsed operation of the 980 nm diode-pumped Yb:Er:glass solid-state-laser operating at 1543 nm using Co:Spinel saturable absorber is described. The Yb:Er:glass gain medium was end-pumped using a 10 W fiber-coupled 980 nm laser diode. Passively q-switched laser operation was accomplished for both CW and quasi-CW operations. Up to 2 mm thick uncoated Co:Spinel samples were used for our tests. With quasi-CW pumping, pulsewidths greater than 20 ns, pulse energies of greater than 250 μJ and free-running PRFs up to 1.2 kHz have been demonstrated. So far, up to 3 % optical-to-optical efficiency has been achieved with uncoated q-switch materials. Currently, this laser is being developed for pumping a long-wave IR (8-12 μm) optical parametric oscillator for use in spectrapolarimetric applications.
Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of interventions for painful shoulder: selection criteria, outcome assessment, and efficacy (1998)

There is little evidence to support or refute the efficacy of common interventions for shoulder pain. As well as the need for further well designed clinical trials, more research is needed to establish a uniform method of defining shoulder disorders and developing outcome measures which are valid, reliable, and responsive in affected people.
Common Hepatic Lipase Gene Promoter Variant Determines Clinical Response to Intensive Lipid-Lowering Treatment (2001)

-In middle-aged men with established CAD and dyslipidemia, the HL gene -514 C-->T polymorphism significantly predicts changes in coronary stenosis with lipid-lowering treatment that appear to involve an HL-associated effect on LDL metabolism. This study identifies a gene polymorphism that strongly influences the lipid and clinical response to lipid-lowering drugs.
Signal‐specific temporal response by the <i><scp>S</scp>almonella</i> <scp>PhoP</scp>/<scp>PhoQ</scp> regulatory system (2013)

The two-component system PhoP/PhoQ controls a large number of genes responsible for a variety of physiological and virulence functions in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Here we describe a mechanism whereby the transcriptional activator PhoP elicits expression of dissimilar gene sets when its cognate sensor PhoQ is activated by different signals in the periplasm. We determine that full transcription of over half of the genes directly activated by PhoP requires the Mg(2+) transporter MgtA when the PhoQ inducing signal is low Mg(2+) , but not when PhoQ is activated by mildly acidic pH or the antimicrobial peptide C18G. MgtA promotes the active (i.e. phosphorylated) form of PhoP by removing Mg(2+) from the periplasm, where it functions as a repressing signal for PhoQ. MgtA-dependent expression enhances resistance to the cationic antibiotic polymyxin B. Production of the MgtA protein requires cytoplasmic Mg(2+) levels to drop below a certain threshold, thereby creating a two-tiered temporal response among PhoP-dependent genes.
A Review on Biomass Torrefaction Process and Product Properties (2011)

Biomass Torrefaction is gaining attention as an important preprocessing step to improve the quality of biomass in terms of physical properties and chemical composition. Torrefaction is a slow heating of biomass in an inert or reduced environment to a maximum temperature of approximately 300 C. Torrefaction can also be defined as a group of products resulting from the partially controlled and isothermal pyrolysis of biomass occurring in a temperature range of 200-280 C. Thus, the process can be called a mild pyrolysis as it occurs at the lower temperature range of the pyrolysis process. At the end of the torrefaction process, a solid uniform product with lower moisture content and higher energy content than raw biomass is produced. Most of the smoke-producing compounds and other volatiles are removed during torrefaction, which produces a final product that will have a lower mass but a higher heating value. The present review work looks into (a) torrefaction process and different products produced during the process and (b) solid torrefied material properties which include: (i) physical properties like moisture content, density, grindability, particle size distribution and particle surface area and pelletability; (ii) chemical properties like proximate and ultimate composition; and (iii) storage properties like off-gassing and spontaneous combustion.
Activated T lymphocytes in the celiac lesion: Non‐proliferative activation (CD25) of CD4<sup>+</sup> α/β cells in the lamina propria but proliferation (Ki‐67) of α/β and γ/δ cells in the epithelium (1993)

In order to identify any dominating subset of activated T cells in the celiac lesion, we examined CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and T cell receptor (TcR) gamma/delta+ lymphocytes in jejunal cryosections from 25 patients with celiac disease and 10 controls by three-color immunofluorescence staining for expression of the nuclear proliferation marker detected by monoclonal antibody (mAb) Ki-67 and the p55 alpha chain of interleukin-2 receptor (CD25). mAb Ki-67+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were exclusively observed in celiac patients. The median proportion of CD3+ IEL positive for Ki-67 increased from nil in controls to 4.5% in partly treated (range 0-19.0%; n = 10; p = < 0.05) and 12.8% in untreated celiac disease (range 4.0-30.7%; n = 15; p < 0.005). Only 1.5% of CD3+ subepithelial T cells expressed the Ki-67 marker in celiac disease (range 0-9.5%). Two- and three-color staining combining mAb to CD3 and Ki-67 with mAb to CD4, CD8 or TcR delta showed that both TcR alpha/beta+ CD8+ and TcR gamma/delta+ (but not CD4+) mucosal T cells proliferated in the epithelium. By contrast, CD25 were almost exclusively expressed on CD4+ T cells in the lamina propria. The percentage of CD25+ T cells increased significantly from 1.7% in controls (range 0-2.9%) to 7.5% in partly treated (range 0.8-17.8%, p < 0.002), and to 14.65% in untreated celiac disease (range 3.9-21%, p < 0.002). These results suggest that gluten ingestion in celiac disease induces proliferative activation of TcR alpha/beta+ CD8+ and TcR gamma/delta+ IEL but non-proliferative activation (lymphokine production?) of lamina propria CD4+ T cells.
Surface Characterization of Nanoparticles (2011)

There is a growing recognition that nanoparticles and other nanostructured materials are sometimes inadequately characterized and that this may limit or even invalidate some of the conclusions regarding particle properties and behavior. A number of international organizations are working to establish the essential measurement requirements that enable adequate understanding of nanoparticle properties for both technological applications and for environmental health issues. Our research on the interaction of iron metal-core oxide-shell nanoparticles with environmental contaminants and studies of the behaviors of ceria nanoparticles, with a variety of medical, catalysis and energy applications, have highlighted a number of common nanoparticle characterization challenges that have not been fully recognized by parts of the research community. This short review outlines some of these characterization challenges based on our research observations and using other results reported in the literature. Issues highlighted include: 1) the importance of surfaces and surface characterization, 2) nanoparticles are often not created equal - subtle differences in synthesis and processing can have large impacts; 3) nanoparticles frequently change with time having lifetime implications for products and complicating understanding of health and safety impacts; 4) the high sensitivity of nanoparticles to their environment complicates characterization and applications in many ways; 5) nanoparticles are highly unstable and easily altered (damaged) during analysis.
Efficient accessing of a multiaccess channel (1980)

A discrete time multiaccess channel is considered where the outcome of a transmission is either "idle", "success", or "collision", depending on the number of users transmitting simultaneously. Messages involved in a "collision" must be retransmitted. An efficient access allocation policy is developed for the case where infinitely many sources generate traffic in a Poisson manner and can all observe the outcomes of the previous transmissions. Its rate of success is .488. Modifications are presented for the cases where the transmission times depend on the transmission outcomes and where observations are noisy.
Two‐Dimensional Random Rough Surface Scattering Based on Small Perturbation Method (2001)

In this chapter the authors use the small perturbation method for electromagnetic wave scattering by two-dimensional random tough surfaces.
A resonant gate-drive circuit capable of high-frequency and high-efficiency operation (2009)

This paper deals with a new resonant gate-drive circuit for power MOSFETs. The proposed gate-drive circuit is characterized by a resonant inductor connected in series to the gate terminal of the MOSFET. It is possible to charge or discharge the input capacitance of the MOSFET by using the series resonance between the inductor and the input capacitance. Experimental results are shown to verify the viability of the resonant gate-drive circuit. As a result, the proposed resonant gate-drive circuit reduces its power consumption by a factor of ten, compared with a conventional one. A high-frequency MOSFET inverter driven by the proposed gate-drive circuits exhibits a high efficiency more than 99% at a 360-kHz and 1-kW operation.
Segmentation-based hybrid coding using luminancemasking (1998)

The authors propose a segmentation-based hybrid image coding algorithm taking the features of the human visual system into account. A novel segmentation criterion based on luminance masking is presented. The image is segmented into blocks of different sizes and different properties. Block mean, polynomial approximation and discrete cosine transform coding are then applied to the blocks accordingly.
The Human C‐Type Lectin‐Like Receptor CLEC‐1 is Upregulated by TGF‐β and Primarily Localized in the Endoplasmic Membrane Compartment (2011)

The orphan receptor CLEC-1 is part of a subfamily of C-type lectin-like receptors, which is encoded in the human natural killer gene complex and comprises several pattern recognition receptors important for innate immune functions. As information on human CLEC-1 is still very limited, we aimed to further characterize this receptor. Similar to another subfamily member, LOX-1, expression of CLEC-1 mRNA was detected in myeloid cells as well as in endothelial cells. CLEC-1 protein displayed N-linked glycosylation and formed dimers. However, in contrast to other members of the subfamily, expression levels were upregulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, but not significantly affected by proinflammatory stimuli. It is intriguing that human CLEC-1 could only be detected intracellularly with a staining pattern resembling endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Neither TGF-β nor inflammatory stimuli could promote significant translocation to the cell surface. These findings are in accordance with a primarily intracellular localization and function of human CLEC-1.