gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web programming in Guide (1998)

Client-server programming is emerging as an important programming paradigm. Especially important, because of the pervasiveness of the HTTP protocol, is the stateless client-server paradigm, used in the so-called ‘Common Gateway Interface’, or CGI. CGI Programmers must deal with a number of design considerations that are not normally important in conventional programs. The most important are persistence and control of concurrent access. We describe these and other CGI programming considerations, and present a new ‘little’ programming language that was designed specifically as a server-side programming language. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short Form of the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF): Psychometric information. (1995)

The Profile of Mood States (POMS; P. M. McNair, M. Lorr, & L. F. Droppleman, 1981) is a commonly used measure of psychological distress. The length of this scale (65 items) may limit its use with physically ill or otherwise impaired populations or prevent its inclusion in multiinstrument assessment protocols. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a shorter, 37-item version of the POMS developed by S. Shacham (1983; POMS-SF). Data were provided by 600 respondents representing five different clinical samples and one sample of healthy adults. For all samples, internal consistency estimates for the POMS-SF subscales were very comparable to those for the original POMS. Furthermore, correlations between total mood disturbance and subscale scores on the POMS-SF and those from the original POMS all exceeded .95. The POMS-SF is considered an excellent alternative to the original POMS when a brief measure of psychological distress is desired.
752 nm wing-pumped Cr:LiSrAlF/sub 6/ laser (1992)

The authors have demonstrated a LiSrAlF/sub 6/:Cr/sup 3+/ (Cr:LiSrAlF/sub 6/) laser pumped at 752 nm in the longwave wing of the /sup 4/A/sub 2/ to /sup 4/T/sub 2/ pump band. Measured optical, laser, and thermal properties of LiSrAlF/sub 6/-LiSrCrF/sub 6/ solid solutions indicate that efficient laser pumping can be achieved in the 750-780 nm region, and that AlGaAs laser diode arrays may be used to make efficient high-power diode-pumped tunable solid-state lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microlens lithography: a new fabrication Method for very large displays (1995)

The influence of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness on cell behavior is a well-established phenomenon. Tumor development is associated with the stiffening of the ECM. However, the understanding of the role of biomechanical behavior and mechanotransduction pathways in the oncogenesis of tumor cells remains limited. In this study, we constructed in vitro models using Polydimethylsiloxane substrates to create soft and stiff substrates. We then evaluated the migration of lung cancer cells A549 using video-microscopy and transwell assays. The mechanical properties were assessed through the utilization of atomic force microscopy, Optical Magnetic Twisting Cytometry, and traction force analysis. Additionally, the expression of Calponin 3 (CNN3) was evaluated using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence techniques. Our observations indicate that the presence of a stiff substrate enhances A549 motility, as evidenced by increased stiffness and traction force in A549 cells on the stiff substrate. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in CNN3 expression in A549 cells on the stiff substrate. Notably, when CNN3 was overexpressed, it effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 cells on the stiff substrate. The results of our study provide novel perspectives on the mechanisms underlying cancer cell migration in response to substrate mechanical properties.
Antioxidant Flavonoid Glycosides from <i>Daphniphyllum </i><i>calycinum</i> (1998)

A novel flavonoid diglycoside, 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol 3-O-rutinoside (1), and a previously known compound, kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside (2), were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of Daphniphyllum calycinum leaves that showed significant activity in a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical assay. The structure of 1 was elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic methods, and compounds 1 and 2 were found to be moderately active as antioxidants in the DPPH assay.
A miniature real-time volumetric ultrasound imaging system (2005)

Progress made in the development of a miniature real-time volumetric ultrasound imaging system is presented. This system is targeted for use in a 5-mm endoscopic channel and will provide real-time, 30-mm deep, volumetric images. It is being developed as a clinically useful device, to demonstrate a means of integrating the front-end electronics with the transducer array, and to demonstrate the advantages of the capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) technology for medical imaging. Presented here is the progress made towards the initial implementation of this system, which is based on a two-dimensional, 16x16 CMUT array. Each CMUT element is 250 um by 250 um and has a 5 MHz center frequency. The elements are connected to bond pads on the back side of the array with 400-um long through-wafer interconnects. The transducer array is flip-chip bonded to a custom-designed integrated circuit that comprises the front-end electronics. The result is that each transducer element is connected to a dedicated pulser and low-noise preamplifier. The pulser generates 25-V, 100-ns wide, unipolar pulses. The preamplifier has an approximate transimpedance gain of 500 kOhm and 3-dB bandwidth of 10 MHz. In the first implementation of the system, one element at a time can be selected for transmit and receive and thus synthetic aperture images can be generated. In future implementations, 16 channels will be active at a given time. These channels will connect to an FPGA-based data acquisition system for real-time image reconstruction.
[MAP kinase module: role in the control of cell proliferation]. (1995)

A kinase cascade highly conserved throughout evolution, Raf/MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK)-->MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK)-->MAP kinase (MAPK)-->ribosomal S6 kinase (p90 RSK), is thought to play a crucial role in signal transduction from the membrane to the nucleus. In mammalian cells, this cascade is connected both to tyrosine kinase receptors and G protein-coupled receptors. Although the mode of activation at the receptor level differs, all mitogens activate the ubiquitously expressed isoforms of MAPK, p42 and p44. We have cloned, epitope tagged and expressed in fibroblasts, the Hamster MAPKK and p44 MAPK in order to analyze their time-course of activation, their subcellular localization, their regulatory phosphorylation sites and their role in cell cycle entry. We have demonstrated that MAPK activation was rapid, biphasic and persistent. The sustained phase of activation is only obtained with potent mitogenic agents, correlating with their ability to elicit cell cycle entry. Activation of MAPKK is also rapid and persistent but does not distinguish between mitogenic and non mitogenic factors, indicating that a distinction occurs at the MAPK level, probably by the action of specific phosphatases such as MAPK phosphatase MKP-1. Both isoforms of MAPK are translocated into the nucleus upon growth factor addition whereas the upstream activators (MAPKKK, Raf and MAPKK) remain cytoplasmic. MAPK translocation, together with the ability of MAPK to phosphorylate transcription factors, indicates that MAPK might constitute a relay between cytoplasmic and nuclear events. Finally we show that interfering with the MAP kinase cascade, by expressing either MAPK antisense, a MAPK dominant negative mutant or the MAPK specific phosphatase, MKP-1, suppresses the growth factor induced G0 to G1 transition. In addition, permanently activated versions of MAPKK reduce growth factor requirement, allow autonomous cell growth and induce tumor formation in nude mice. We therefore conclude that MAP kinase activation is both necessary and sufficient to trigger cell cycle entry.
NCBoost classifies pathogenic non-coding variants in Mendelian diseases through supervised learning on purifying selection signals in humans (2019)

State-of-the-art methods assessing pathogenic non-coding variants have mostly been characterized on common disease-associated polymorphisms, yet with modest accuracy and strong positional biases. In this study, we curated 737 high-confidence pathogenic non-coding variants associated with monogenic Mendelian diseases. In addition to interspecies conservation, a comprehensive set of recent and ongoing purifying selection signals in humans is explored, accounting for lineage-specific regulatory elements. Supervised learning using gradient tree boosting on such features achieves a high predictive performance and overcomes positional bias. NCBoost performs consistently across diverse learning and independent testing data sets and outperforms other existing reference methods.
EFFECT OF CAMPHOR, EUCALYPTOL AND MENTHOL ON THE VASCULAR STATE OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE (1927)

The use of menthol, camphor and eucalyptol in otorhinolaryngology extends back about fifty years. These drugs were introduced on the Continent by the French<sup>1</sup>in 1879, and in 1884 the Germans<sup>2</sup>began a study of them. At that time they were hailed as a panacea for all ailments of the nose and throat, and were used widely in ethereal and alcoholic solutions in concentrations up to 50 per cent. With the reports of several deaths following their use in the noses of children, a more careful study was made of this group, so that a rational dosage was worked out, and a more nearly pure drug was obtained.<sup>3</sup>Today one finds a pure oil in use, free from the troublesome terpene and aldehyde constituents which previously rendered the drugs obnoxious, and rarely does one see them prescribed in concentrations greater than 10 per cent. It is
Terminals of Single Ia Fibers: Distribution within a Pool of 300 Homonymous Motor Neurons (1968)

The excitatory postsynaptic potentials produced in motoneurons by impulses in single afferent fibers (Ia) have been recorded with the aid of an averaging computer. These responses were used to map the distribution of the terminals of single fibers within the pool of 300 motoneurons of the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Twelve Ia fibers were studied in separate experiments. Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials were found in 94 percent of the 77 motoneurons investigated. This finding indicates that each of the 300 motoneurons must receive afferent fibers from almost all of the spindles of the muscle it innervates.
Pseudo 2D random sampling for compressed sensing MRI (2009)

The paper presents a novel approach of pseudo 2D random sampling scheme for application of compressed sensing in Cartesian magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The proposed scheme is realized by a pulse sequence program which switches the directions of phase encoding and frequency encoding during data acquisition such that both k(x) and k(y) directions can be undersampled randomly. The resulting random sampling pattern approximates the ideal but impractical 2D patterns. Both the simulation and experiment results show the proposed method is superior to the existing 1D random sampling and similar to the ideal 2D random sampling in terms of the reconstruction quality. This method can potentially improve the MR imaging speed through the application of compressed sensing in conventional MRI.
Effect of genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on latent EBV activation induced by cross-linkage of membrane IgG in Akata B cells (1991)

The activation of phosphoprotein tyrosine kinases was studied in the regulation of EBV activation in Akata cells after cross-linking membrane IgG with anti-IgG. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was induced in Akata cells after stimulation with anti-IgG, as determined by immunoblotting with the PY20 anti-phosphotyrosine mAb. The frequency of phosphotyrosine-activated cells was also measured by immunofluorescence with the PY20 antibody. Genistein, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, at non-cytotoxic doses blocked EBV activation, as measured in the induction of EBV Ag, EBV immediate early BZLF1 mRNA, and its protein product ZEBRA. Such inhibitions were reversed upon removing genistein from the cultures. Genistein inhibition of early Ag induction depended upon the time of addition of genistein after stimulation with anti-IgG. These findings indicate that activation of tyrosine kinase is required for EBV activation after cross-linking membrane IgG in Akata cells.
Conformational isomers of a peptide–class II major histocompatibility complex (2005)

The relative plasticity of peptide binding to class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules permits formation of multiple conformational isomers by the same peptide and MHC molecule; such conformers are specifically recognized by distinct subsets of T cells. Here, we review current knowledge and recent advances in our understanding of peptide-class II MHC conformational isomerism and the mechanisms that generate distinct MHC-peptide conformers. We focus on our studies of two T-cell subsets, type A and B, which recognize distinct conformers of the dominant epitope of hen egg white lysozyme presented by I-A(k). These conformers form via different pathways and in distinct intracellular vesicles: the type A conformer forms in late endosomes upon processing of native protein, while the more flexible type B conformer forms in early endosomes and at the cell surface. In this process, H2-DM acts as a conformational editor, eliminating the type B conformer in late endosomes. Type B T cells constitute a significant component of the naïve T-cell repertoire; furthermore, self-reactive type B T cells escape negative selection and are present in abundance in the periphery. Ongoing studies should elucidate the role of type B T cells in immunity to pathogens and in autoimmune pathology.
Protein nanovaccine confers robust immunity against Toxoplasma (2017)

We designed and produced a self-assembling protein nanoparticle. This self-assembling protein nanoparticle contains five CD8<sup>+</sup> HLA-A03-11 supertypes-restricted epitopes from antigens expressed during <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>'s lifecycle, the universal CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell epitope PADRE, and flagellin as a scaffold and TLR5 agonist. These CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell epitopes were separated by N/KAAA spacers and optimized for proteasomal cleavage. Self-assembling protein nanoparticle adjuvanted with TLR4 ligand-emulsion GLA-SE were evaluated for their efficacy in inducing IFN-γ responses and protection of HLA-A*1101 transgenic mice against <i>T. gondii</i>. Immunization, using self-assembling protein nanoparticle-GLA-SE, activated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to produce IFN-γ. Self-assembling protein nanoparticle-GLA-SE also protected HLA-A*1101 transgenic mice against subsequent challenge with Type II parasites. Hence, combining CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-eliciting peptides and PADRE into a multi-epitope protein that forms a nanoparticle, administered with GLA-SE, leads to efficient presentation by major histocompatibility complex Class I and II molecules. Furthermore, these results suggest that activation of TLR4 and TLR5 could be useful for development of vaccines that elicit T cells to prevent toxoplasmosis in humans.
Deep Snake for Real-Time Instance Segmentation (2020)

This paper introduces a novel contour-based approach named deep snake for real-time instance segmentation. Unlike some recent methods that directly regress the coordinates of the object boundary points from an image, deep snake uses a neural network to iteratively deform an initial contour to match the object boundary, which implements the classic idea of snake algorithms with a learning-based approach. For structured feature learning on the contour, we propose to use circular convolution in deep snake, which better exploits the cycle-graph structure of a contour compared against generic graph convolution. Based on deep snake, we develop a two-stage pipeline for instance segmentation: initial contour proposal and contour deformation, which can handle errors in object localization. Experiments show that the proposed approach achieves competitive performances on the Cityscapes, KINS, SBD and COCO datasets while being efficient for real-time applications with a speed of 32.3 fps for 512 × 512 images on a 1080Ti GPU. The code is available at https://github.com/zju3dv/snake/.
Do We Measure Phase or Group Velocity with Dipole Sonic Tools? (2003)

F-29 DO WE MEASURE PHASE OR GROUP VELOCITY WITH DIPOLE SONIC TOOLS? Summary 1 3D finite-difference-method (FDM) modeling is used to investigate the response for a dipole sonic tool in deviated wells penetrating anisotropic shale formations. The shale formations are modeled as Vertically Transverse Isotropic (VTI) formations and anisotropy parameters are chosen to be sufficiently annelliptic (ε− δ >>0) so as to create a large difference between phase and group velocity surfaces. The waveforms for inclined boreholes with various deviations were calculated and the results overlain on the theoretical velocity surfaces computed using the input parameters. The results indicate that
Working Safely with Vaccinia Virus (2004)

Vaccinia virus, the prototype Orthopoxvirus, is widely used in the laboratory as a model system to study various aspects of viral biology, virus-host interactions, and as a protein expression system and a vaccine vector. The ubiquitous use of vaccinia viruses in the laboratory raises certain safety concerns, because the virus can be a pathogen in individuals with immunological and dermatological abnormalities and, on occasion, can cause serious problems in normal hosts. This chapter reviews standard operating procedures when working with vaccinia virus and issues surrounding the use of prophylactic smallpox vaccination for laboratory workers.
Strain measurement in lateral ankle ligaments (1990)

We measured strain in the lateral ligaments of 10 human cadaver ankles while moving the ankle joint and applying stress in a variety of ways. We studied the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular, anterior tibiofibular, and posterior tibiofibular ligaments. Strain measurements in the ligaments were recorded continuously while the ankle was moved from dorsiflexion into plantar flexion. We then repeated measurements while applying inversion, eversion, internal rotation, and external rotation forces. Strain in the anterior talofibular ligament increased when the ankle was moved into greater degrees of plantar flexion, internal rotation, and inversion. Strain in the calcaneofibular ligament increased as the talus was dorsiflexed and inverted. These findings support the concept that the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments function together at all positions of ankle flexion to provide lateral ankle stability. We measured maximum strain in the posterior talofibular ligament when the ankle was dorsiflexed and externally rotated. The strain in the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments increased when the ankle was dorsiflexed. External rotation increased strain in the anterior tibiofibular ligament and decreased strain in the posterior tibiofibular ligament. Based upon strain measurements in the lateral ankle ligaments in various ankle joint positions, we believe the anterior talofibular ligament is most likely to tear if the ankle is inverted in plantar flexion and internally rotated. Theoretically, the calcaneofibular ligament tears primarily in inversion if the ankle is dorsiflexed; the anterior tibiofibular ligament tears in dorsiflexion, especially if combined with external rotation; and the posterior tibiofibular ligament tears with extreme dorsiflexion.
The Influence of Swabbing Solutions on DNA Recovery from Touch Samples<sup>,</sup> (2012)

There has been minimal research into how to best obtain DNA from touch samples. Many forensic laboratories simply moisten a swab with water and use it for collecting cells/DNA from evidentiary samples. However, this and other methods have not been objectively studied in order to maximize DNA yields. In this study, fingerprints were collected using swabs moistened with water or laboratory or commercially available detergents, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X-100, Tween 20, Formula 409(®) , and Simple Green(®) . Prints were swabbed, DNA isolated using an organic extraction, yields quantified, and relative yields compared. In all cases, the detergent-based swabbing solutions outperformed water, with SDS and Triton X-100 producing significant increases in yield. Short tandem repeat profiles were consistent with the individuals that placed them. Subsequent analysis of SDS concentrations for collecting touch DNA demonstrated an increase in DNA yield with increasing SDS concentration, with an optimal concentration of approximately 2%.
Waterborne Gastroenteritis due to the Norwalk Agent: Clinical and Epidemiologic Investigation (1982)

An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a Pennsylvania summer camp in July 1978. Symptoms included abdominal pain (81 per cent), nausea (72 per cent), and vomiting (53 per cent); upper respiratory infection symptoms occurred in 35 per cent of the campers. Illness was associated with consumption of five or more glasses of water or water-containing beverages. Stool cultures from affected persons were negative for bacterial pathogens; however, a fourfold or greater rise to the Norwalk agent was demonstrated in serum samples of three of three ill persons tested and in none of eight controls (p < .02). Campers ill during the first session who were also present during the second session did not become ill during the second session (p < .001). (Am J Public Health 1982; 72:72-74.)
Upstream Ultrasonic Level Based Soft Sensing of Volumetric Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids in Open Venturi Channels (2018)

Reliable flow measurements of drilling fluid entering and returning from the wellbore can improve safety of people and assets by avoiding kicks (blowouts) and fluid loss. The return flow with cuttings and entrained gas in the drilling fluid pose a big challenge to the rig operators. An indirect way of measuring the volumetric flow is by measuring the flow level in an already existing open channel in the flow loop, as this level changes with changing volumetric flow. In this paper, different mechanistic and machine learning models, based on one to three fluid levels at specific locations along the custom designed open Venturi channel, are presented. The mechanistic models involve tuning of different correction factors, related to fluid rheology. As rheological properties vary with time, and real-time rheological measurements are not available, these models are valid only for fluids with known rheology. With real-time density as an extra input, fluid specific machine learning models for mass flow, can be applied to any fluids. In contrast, the proposed machine learning models for volumetric flow are robust and not dependent on the rheological properties of the fluids. These models have mean absolute percentage error between 2.05% and 4.76%. Soft sensing of volumetric flow based on non-invasive level measurements presented here has an additional advantage for applications in harsh environments.
Lab-on-Chip Cytometry Based on Magnetoresistive Sensors for Bacteria Detection in Milk (2014)

Flow cytometers have been optimized for use in portable platforms, where cell separation, identification and counting can be achieved in a compact and modular format. This feature can be combined with magnetic detection, where magnetoresistive sensors can be integrated within microfluidic channels to detect magnetically labelled cells. This work describes a platform for in-flow detection of magnetically labelled cells with a magneto-resistive based cell cytometer. In particular, we present an example for the validation of the platform as a magnetic counter that identifies and quantifies Streptococcus agalactiae in milk.