gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Affinity and Preference of Halogenated Derivatives of BE 2254 for α1-Adrenoceptors Demonstrated by Functional and Binding Experiments (1984)

The effects of congeners of BE 2254 (2-[beta-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-aminomethyl]-tetralone), an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, were compared in functional and binding experiments. In detail, we studied the effects of the compounds on the electrically evoked 3H overflow (alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated) and on the evoked contractions (alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated) of strips from rabbit pulmonary artery preincubated with [3H]noradrenaline as well as their effects on [3H]yohimbine binding to human platelet membranes (alpha 2-adrenoceptors) and [3H]prazosin binding to rat liver plasma membranes (alpha 1-adrenoceptors). The potencies of the drugs at the presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors of the rabbit pulmonary artery and their affinities for [3H]yohimbine binding sites of human platelets were closely correlated. The same held true for their potencies at the postsynaptic alpha 1-adrenoceptors of the rabbit pulmonary artery and their affinities for [3H]prazosin binding sites of rat hepatic membranes. Compared with the parent compound, the monohalogenated derivatives of BE 2254 (i.e., the 3'-I, 3'-Br, and 3'-Cl analogues) exhibited an even higher affinity (equal to that of prazosin) and a higher selectivity for alpha 1-adrenoceptors (inferior to that of prazosin, but similar to that of corynanthine).
Fluid–Particle Separation of Magnetorheological Fluid in Squeeze Mode (2012)

In squeeze mode, magnetorheological (MR) fluids exhibit a unique behaviour when compression load is applied. The MR fluids were assumed to experience fluid–particle separation phenomenon, where magnetic particles and carrier fluid were separated at some extent of compression. In this study, the establishment of this phenomenon has been carried out. A cyclic compression test was performed on hydrocarbon-based MR fluid, where a video camera was used to record the expelling fluid. Solidified samples of epoxy-based MR fluid were then prepared and the cured samples were sectioned, mounted and prepared for metallographic study. Images extracted from the recorded video have shown that there was a separation of carrier fluid during compression where a brighter colour of fluid was observed expelling from the testing region. Furthermore, analyses of the micrographs demonstrated the increment of the particle distribution along compression process. The separation process was responsible for the variability of particle volume fraction in order to achieve desirable stresses.
Analytical Methods for Determining Ascorbic Acid in Biological Samples, Food Products, and Pharmaceuticals (1985)

Over the last decade, numerous publications have appeared describing analyses for ascorbic acid in food products, pharmaceuticals, and biological samples. This review focuses on the chemistry associated with many of these procedures. The papers discussed have historical importance, are important to understanding the method, or have significantly advanced ascorbic acid analysis. The review has 4 major sections: spectroscopic, electrochemical, enzymatic, and chromatographic methods of analysis.
Vegetables, fruits, legumes and prostate cancer: a multiethnic case-control study. (2000)

The evidence for a protective effect of vegetables, fruits, and legumes against prostate cancer is weak and inconsistent. We examined the relationship of these food groups and their constituent foods to prostate cancer risk in a multicenter case-control study of African-American, white, Japanese, and Chinese men. Cases (n = 1619) with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were identified through the population-based tumor registries of Hawaii, San Francisco, and Los Angeles in the United States and British Columbia and Ontario in Canada. Controls (n = 1618) were frequency-matched to cases on ethnicity, age, and region of residence of the case, in a ratio of approximately 1:1. Dietary and other information was collected by in-person home interview; a blood sample was obtained from control subjects for prostate-specific antigen determination. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for age, geographic location, education, calories, and when indicated, ethnicity. Intake of legumes (whether total legumes, soyfoods specifically, or other legumes) was inversely related to prostate cancer (OR for highest relative to lowest quintile for total legumes = 0.62; P for trend = 0.0002); results were similar when restricted to prostate-specific antigen-normal controls or to advanced cases. Intakes of yellow-orange and cruciferous vegetables were also inversely related to prostate cancer, especially for advanced cases, among whom the highest quintile OR for yellow-orange vegetables = 0.67 (P for trend = 0.01) and the highest quintile OR for cruciferous vegetables = 0.61 (P for trend = 0.006). Intake of tomatoes and of fruits was not related to risk. Findings were generally consistent across ethnic groups. These results suggest that legumes (not limited to soy products) and certain categories of vegetables may protect against prostate cancer.
Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 1-aryl-5-halo and 1-aryl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and herbicidal activity of 1-aryl-5-halo and 1-aryl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamidesThomas W. Waldrep, James R. Beck, Michael P. Lynch, and Fred L. WrightCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 2, 541–544Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00092a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (393 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Reaction of sodium aluminum hydride with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups. Comparison of the reducing characteristics of lithium and sodium aluminum hydrides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of sodium aluminum hydride with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups. Comparison of the reducing characteristics of lithium and sodium aluminum hydridesJin Soon Cha and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 17, 4727–4731Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00069a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00069a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2374Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dealing With TLB Tags or I Want to Build a System, What Can L4 Do for Me? (2001)

This paper discusses TLB tags found on various architectures, their use in single- and multi-address-space operating systems, and the implications on the L4 API.
Gene regulation of the serine proteinase inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1-antichymotrypsin. (2002)

The serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) are a superfamily of proteins with a diverse set of functions, including the control of blood coagulation, complement activation, programmed cell death and development. The most abundant serpins in human plasma are alpha(1)-antitrypsin (AAT) and alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin (ACT). During inflammation, circulating levels can increase by up to 3-fold for the former and by 4-5-fold for the latter. The major site for increased synthesis is the liver. Other tissues, such as the lung, are also capable of synthesizing AAT and ACT, and expression can be increased by up to 100-fold by cytokines. There is a tissue-specific promoter for the liver, and alternative promoters for other tissues that express AAT. Basal AAT expression is regulated by the synergistic action of the tissue-specific transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factors 1alpha and 4. An enhancer positioned approx. 1.2 kb from the end of the last exon in the 3' flanking sequence modulates cytokine-induced expression by interleukin-6 and oncostatin M. Microcell hybrid transfection studies have shown that a sequence containing 15 kb of 5' flanking sequence is sufficient to allow stable expression of AAT in a position-independent manner. There is probably a single promoter for ACT. Oncostatin M-inducible elements have been identified in the 5' flanking sequence approx. 100 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site, and a further interleukin-1-responsive enhancer has been identified approx. 13 kb upstream. The pathways for a humoral response are being mapped at high resolution.
Finite strain analysis by image processing: smoothing techniques (1995)

Abstract This paper is concerned with a methodology for measuring large strain fields based on digital image processing and numerical computations. The facility, already described in a previous paper by the authors, is based on a stereoscopic‐procedure, which returns the locations of a dot grid, previously etched on the surface of the work piece, in a three dimensional space. The markers are acquired by two CCD cameras from two different viewpoints. The data are then processed by a procedure based on shape function analysis. Tlie strain field is described by a plane Lagrangian referential co‐ordinate system, so that it is possible to take into account large displacements and finite rotations. Thus, the definition of a strain tensor on a 3‐D surface is widely discussed. The present paper faces the question of the noise propagation through the post‐processing algorithm. The method proposed is able to supply the confidence limits of the returned measurements. The strain analysis procedure was tested by a numerical input. A set of data were simulated, as returned by the acquisition system, for a specific strain problem. In this way the statistical parameters of the data can be easily controlled to explore a wide surrounding of cases. The complete post‐processing procedure was then applied to an experimental case concerning a high strain tensile test.
High White Blood Cell Count Is Associated With a Worsening of Insulin Sensitivity and Predicts the Development of Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

Chronic low-grade inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We examined whether a high white blood cell count (WBC), a marker of inflammation, predicts a worsening of insulin action, insulin secretory function, and the development of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. We measured WBC in 352 nondiabetic Pima Indians (215 men and 137 women, aged 27 +/- 6 years [means +/- SD], body fat 32 +/- 8%, WBC 8,107 +/- 2,022 cells/mm(3)) who were characterized for body composition (by hydrodensitometry or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), glucose tolerance (by 75-g oral glucose tolerance test), insulin action (M; by hyperinsulinemic clamp), and acute insulin secretory response (AIR; by 25-g intravenous glucose challenge). Among 272 subjects who were normal glucose tolerant (NGT) at baseline, 54 developed diabetes over an average follow-up of 5.5 +/- 4.4 years. Among those who remained nondiabetic, 81 subjects had follow-up measurements of M and AIR. Cross-sectionally, WBC was related to percent body fat (r = 0.32, P < 0.0001) and M (r = -0.24, P < 0.0001), but not to AIR (r = 0.06, P = 0.4). In a multivariate analysis, when adjusted for age and sex, both percent body fat (P < 0.0001) and M (P = 0.03) were independently associated with WBC. A high WBC value predicted diabetes (relative hazard 90th vs. 10th percentiles [95%CI] of 2.7 [1.3-5.4], P = 0.007) when adjusted for age and sex. The predictive effect of WBC persisted after additional adjustment for established predictors of diabetes, i.e., percent body fat, M, and AIR (relative hazard 2.6 [1.1-6.2], P = 0.03). After adjustment for follow-up duration, a high WBC at baseline was associated with a subsequent worsening of M (P = 0.003), but not a worsening of AIR. A high WBC predicts a worsening of insulin action and the development of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a chronic activation of the immune system may play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab in the Treatment of Persistent or Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study (2009)

Forty-six patients were enrolled (median age, 46 years); 38 patients (82.6%) received prior radiation as well as either one (n = 34, 73.9%) or two (n = 12, 26.1%) prior cytotoxic regimens for recurrent disease. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events at least possibly related to bevacizumab included hypertension (n = 7), thrombo-embolism (n = 5), GI (n = 4), anemia (n = 2), other cardiovascular (n = 2), vaginal bleeding (n = 1), neutropenia (n = 1), and fistula (n = 1). One grade 5 infection was observed. Eleven patients (23.9%; two-sided 90% CI, 14% to 37%) survived progression free for at least 6 months, and five patients (10.9%; two-sided 90% CI, 4% to 22%) had partial responses. The median response duration was 6.21 months (range, 2.83 to 8.28 months). The median PFS and overall survival times were 3.40 months (95% CI, 2.53 to 4.53 months) and 7.29 months (95% CI, 6.11 to 10.41 months), respectively. This compared favorably with historical phase II GOG trials in this setting. CONCLUSION Bevacizumab seems to be well tolerated and active in the second- and third-line treatment of patients with recurrent cervical cancer and merits phase III investigation.
Application of Graphene Material in Gas-Sensor (2013)

This paper introduced the characters of graphene when it was used as a gas-sensing material in the gassensor. The fabrication methods of graphene,the construction characters of devices composed of graphene prepared with different methods,the gas detection with different types of sensors,and the principal defects of the sensors were discussed and analyzed. Some fundamental methods were also suggested to improve the performances of the sensors. Referring the authors' part works,it was pointed out that the method constructing composite with semiconductor represented one of main trends for the application of graphene in the gas-sensor field.
Cell-by-cell scanning of whole mitochondrial genomes in aged human heart reveals a significant fraction of myocytes with clonally expanded deletions (1999)

Quantitative information on the cell-to-cell distribution of all possible mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in young and aged tissues is needed to assess the relevance of these mutations to the aging process. In the present study, we used PCR amplification of full-length mitochondrial genomes from single cells to scan human cardiomyocytes for all possible large deletions in mtDNA. Analysis of more than 350 individual cells that were derived from three middle-aged and four centenarian donors demonstrates that while most of the cells contain no deletions, in certain cardiomyocytes a significant portion of the mtDNA molecules carried one particular deletion. Different affected cells contained different deletions. Although similar numbers of cells were screened for each donor, these deletion-rich cells were found only in the hearts of old donors, where they occurred at a frequency of up to one in seven cells. These initial observations demonstrate the efficiency of the method and indicate that mitochondrial mutations have the potential to play an important role in human myocardial aging.
Hydrodynamical Comparison of Aortic Arch Cannulae (1998)

The high velocity of blood flow exiting aortic arch cannulae may erode atherosclerotic material from the aortic intima causing non-cardiac complications such as stroke, multiple organ failure and death. Five 24 Fr cannulae from the Sarns product line (straight open tip, angled open tip with and without round side holes, straight and angled closed tip with four rectangular, lateral side holes), and a flexible cannula used at the University Hospital of Gent (straight open tip) are compared in an in vitro steady flow setup, to study the spatial velocity distribution inside the jet. The setup consists of an ultrasound Doppler velocimeter, mounted opposite to the cannula tip in an outflow reservoir. An elevated supply tank supplies steady flow of 1.3 L/min of water. Exit forces at various distances from the tip are calculated by integrating the assessed velocity profiles. The pressure drop across the cannula tip is measured using fluid filled pressure transducers. The four sidehole design provides the lowest exit velocity (0.85 versus 1.08 m/s) and force per jet (0.03 vs 0.15-0.20 N). The round sideholes are useless as less than 1% of the flow is directed through them. Furthermore, the use of angled tip cannulae is suggested because the force exerted on the aortic wall decreases the more the angle of incidence of the jet deviates from 90 degrees. Pressure drop is the lowest for the 4 side hole design and highest for the open tip and increases when an angled tip is used.
Formulation and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal films of glipizide (2008)

Mucoadhesive buccal films of glipizide were prepared by solvent casting technique using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carbopol-934P and Eudragit RL-100. Prepared films were evaluated for weight, thickness, surface pH, swelling index, in vitro residence time, folding endurance, in vitro release, permeation studies and drug content uniformity. The films exhibited controlled release over more than 6 h. From the study it was concluded that the films containing 5 mg glipizide in 4.9% w/v hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and 1.5% w/v sodium carboxymethylcellulose exhibited satisfactory swelling, an optimum residence time and promising drug release. The formulation was found to be suitable candidate for the development of buccal films for therapeutic use.
Liposomes for Drug Delivery to the Respiratory Tract (1993)

AbstractThis paper provides a review of the current literature pertaining to the pulmonary delivery of liposomes.The technological aspects of delivering liposomes to the lung are discussed, including the characterization of liposome-containing aerosols and the potential advantages and disadvantages of the various methods which have been employed for their generation.Studies have indicated that liposomes can be effectively deposited in the human respiratory tract, wherein they may remain for prolonged periods. A prolonged retention in the airways may markedly alter the pharmacokinetics of liposome associated materials; increasing local concentrations, whilst decreasing levels at sites distant from the lung. The future potential for such systems is discussed, including the possibilities for selective drug delivery to specific cell populations within the lung.
Synthesen von Spiro‐oxindolyl(3,3′)‐succinimiden 2. Mitt.: Über Cyanimidsäureester (1970)

Abstract Spiro‐oxindolyl(3,3′)‐succinimide (XVIII) sind in hohen Ausbeuten mit Hilfe einer Imidsäureester‐Synthese zugänglich. Ausgehend von substituierten Isatinen erhält man über XIV und XV durch Umsatz mit Chlorwasserstoff in Methanol intermediär Cyanimidsäureester XVI, die glatt zu Spiro‐oxindolyl(3,3′)‐4′‐carbmethoxysuccinimiden (XVII) weiterreagieren. Diese werden durch Salzsäure oder Eisessig zu XVIII decarboxyliert. Die dargestellten Verbindungen zeigen nur geringe anticonvulsive Wirksamkeit.
The ulcer healing effect of protamine sulphate in rat stomach (1999)

Protamine sulphate accelerates gastric ulcer healing through a mucosal nitric oxide-dependent and possibly also the EGF-and bFGF-associated pathways, which are followed by an increase of angiogenesis and mucosal regeneration. Acid inhibition contributes in part to the ulcer healing action of protamine sulphate.
Selection of reliable reference genes during THP-1 monocyte differentiation into macrophages (2010)

Consequently, it is recommended to normalize any real-time PCR-based expression data obtained during THP-1 monocyte differentiation using ACTB and RPL37A.
Histone Hyperacetylation in Maize in Response to Treatment with HC-Toxin or Infection by the Filamentous Fungus Cochliobolus carbonum (1997)

HC-toxin, the host-selective toxin produced by the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus carbonum, inhibits maize (Zea mays L.) histone deacetylases (HDs) in vitro. Here we show that HDs are also inhibited by HC-toxin in vivo, as demonstrated by the accumulation of hyperacetylated forms of the core (nucleosomal) histones H3.1, H3.2, H3.3, and H4 in both maize embryos and tissue cultures. Hyperacetylation of H4 and all isoforms of H3 in tissue cultures of inbred Pr (genotype hm/hm) occurred at 10 ng/mL (23 nM). The effect was host-selective; acetylation of histones in the near isogenic inbred Pr1 (genotype Hm/Hm) did not occur in tissue cultures or embryos treated with 0.2 [mu]g/mL or 10 [mu]g/mL HC-toxin, respectively. Hyperacetylation of histone H4 in embryos of Pr1 began to occur at 50 [mu]g/mL. HC-toxin, and 200 [mu]g/mL HC-toxin caused equal hyperacetylation in Pr and Pr1 embryos. Hyperacetylated core histones, especially of the isoforms of histone H3, accumulated in leaves of inbred Pr, but not Pr1, after infection by toxin-producing strains of C. carbonum. Accumulation of hyperacetylated histones began at 24 h after inoculation, before the development of visible disease symptoms. Hyperacetylation of H2A or H2B histones were not detected in any of the studies. The results are consistent with HD being a primary site of action of HC-toxin.