gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled/Living Free-Radical Polymerization under Very High Pressure (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTControlled/Living Free-Radical Polymerization under Very High PressureJavid Rzayev and Jacques PenelleView Author Information Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-4530 Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 5, 1489–1490Publication Date (Web):January 24, 2002Publication History Received24 September 2001Published online24 January 2002Published inissue 1 February 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma011668ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma011668grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views858Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Monomers,Radical polymerization,RAFT polymerization,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: WIRKUNGSWEISE AROMATISCHER KOHLENWASSERSTOFFE BEI DER OX. VON CYCLODODECAN IN GEGENWART UND ABWESENHEIT VON BORSAEURE (1970)

Abstract Es ist bekannt, daß die Oxidation von paraffinischen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Luft in Gegenwart von Borsäure bereits durch geringe Mengen von Aromaten inhibiert wird.
Effects of Cloud Seeding in West Texas: Additional Results and New Insights (1993)

Additional results and new insights have been obtained regarding the effect of randomized dynamic seeding of supercooled convective clouds in west Texas. These have resulted in a revised conceptual model that aids in understanding the new results and in designing future physically based experimentation and cloud modeling studies. Attention is focused initially on further evidence for seeding effects on convective cells, which are the treatment units for the experiments. A total of 183 cells [93 seeded (S) and 90 nonseeded (NS)] have been identified and their properties computed through analysis of three-dimensional, volume-scan, C-band radar data using cell-tracking software. The results indicate that AgI seeding increased the maximum heights by 7%, the areas by 43%, the durations by 36%, and the rain volumes by 130%. Cell merger occurred nearly twice as often in the AgI-treated cases. The rainfall and merger results are significant at better than the 5% level using rerandomization procedures. Additionally, it was found that AgI-treated cells produced more rainfall than untreated cells of the same height. Time-height reflectivity composite cross sections for the S and NS cells revealed stronger reflectivities aloft immediately after seeding for the AgI-treated cells. This region of enhanced S reflectivities expanded and descended with time, reaching the earth's surface by 40 min after initial seeding. The next step focused on the areas surrounding the treated cells. A new and improved "focused area" approach, involving calculations for radii of 7, 10, 15, 25, 50, and 100 km around each treatment position was developed and applied. The rainfalls from the nonseeded cells exceeded the rainfalls from the nonseeded cells at radii less than 10 km early in the treatment period, and this apparent effect spread to larger radii with time. These results are consistent with a positive effect of AgI treatment on rainfall that begins on the cell scale, where the seeding takes place, and spreads outward with time. Analysis of the 34 (17 S and 17 NS) small mesoscale convective clusters (i.e., the experimental units) obtained to date produced ratios of S to NS rainfalls of 1.37, 1.27, 1.37, 1.26, and 1.27 for the time periods 0–30, 0–60, 0–90, 0–120, and 0–150 min, respectively, after initial seeding. None of the results has strong P-value support. The ratios are larger and more significant when the five experimental units that failed to meet the qualification criteria are eliminated from the sample. The revised dynamic seeding conceptual model gives much more attention to microphysical processes than before. How dynamic seeding likely induces greater cell rainfall without an appreciable increase in maximum cell height in some case is addressed by the model. The model is shown to be useful also in identifying which cloud processes should be the focus of recommended future physically based experimentation and cloud modeling.
Studies on the Peptization of Ferric Hydroxide. V. On the Peptization of Ferric Hydroxide Powder in Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid Solution (1979)

The difference of degree of peptization in two kinds of ferric hydroxide powders prepared by heat-dry (105°, 6 hr) and freeze-dry methods was investigated in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The characteristics of both kinds of powders were estimated by measurements of zero point of charge, particle size distribution and X ray diffraction patterns. Ferric hydroxide was peptized by adding the powder into a hydrochloric acid solution and boiling for 8 hours. The degree of peptization was evaluated by the concentration of ferric hydroxide in the sol thus formed. The concentration was determined by chelatometry after dissolving the colloidal particles into ferric ions. The degree of peptization in freeze-dried was higher than that in heat-dried samples however, peptization was higher in undried samples. The pH values in which 80% of the added amount of ferric hydroxide was peptized were about 2.6, 1.8 and 1.5 for undried, freeze-dried and heat-dried samples, respectively. The efficiency of peptization tended to be higher in lower pH region but it decreased abruptly around pH 1. The mechanism of peptization in these samples was considered from the view point of electrochemical phenomena caused by the adsorption of hydrogen ions on the ferric hydroxide particles and the ionic strength of the systems.
Ferroelectric Si-Doped HfO<sub>2</sub> Device Properties on Highly Doped Germanium (2015)

Ferroelectric Si-doped HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> thin films are integrated into three different device stacks with a p+ Ge substrate, a p+ Si substrate, and a TaN bottom metal gate. The ferroelectric behavior of the Si-doped HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> thin films is strongly dependent on the bottom interfaces. The Si-doped HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> thin films have favorably improved ferroelectric properties on the p+ Ge substrate due to the lack of a dielectric interfacial layer between HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Ge. The low-voltage operation and cycling stability of Si-doped HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ferroelectric thin films on Ge can lead to the realization of high performance, robust Ge ferroelectric field-effect transistors for nonvolatile memory applications.
K<sup>+</sup>Reduces Lithium Dendrite Growth by Forming a Thin, Less-Resistive Solid Electrolyte Interphase (2016)

Adding 10 mM KPF6 to the 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate electrolyte of symmetrical Li | Li cells eliminated the growth of dendrites at 0.5 mA cm–2 current density and massively reduced, but did not eliminate, the growth of dendrites at 2.5 mA cm–2. The added KPF6 increased the fraction of inorganic salts in the solid electrolyte interface, making it thinner and more Li+ conductive. It overcame the growth of dendrites resulting from inadequate nucleation density but not dendrite growth into the depletion layer, which scales with the layer’s thickness, i.e., the current density.
Compressed glassy carbon: An ultrastrong and elastic interpenetrating graphene network (2017)

Carbon's unique ability to have both sp<sup>2</sup> and sp<sup>3</sup> bonding states gives rise to a range of physical attributes, including excellent mechanical and electrical properties. We show that a series of lightweight, ultrastrong, hard, elastic, and conductive carbons are recovered after compressing sp<sup>2</sup>-hybridized glassy carbon at various temperatures. Compression induces the local buckling of graphene sheets through sp<sup>3</sup> nodes to form interpenetrating graphene networks with long-range disorder and short-range order on the nanometer scale. The compressed glassy carbons have extraordinary specific compressive strengths-more than two times that of commonly used ceramics-and simultaneously exhibit robust elastic recovery in response to local deformations. This type of carbon is an optimal ultralight, ultrastrong material for a wide range of multifunctional applications, and the synthesis methodology demonstrates potential to access entirely new metastable materials with exceptional properties.
A real-time tracker for markerless augmented reality (2003)

Augmented reality has now progressed to the point where real-time applications are required and being considered. At the same time it is important that synthetic elements are rendered and aligned in the scene in an accurate and visually acceptable way. In order to address these issues a real-time, robust and efficient 3D model-based tracking algorithm is proposed for a 'video see through' monocular vision system. The tracking of objects in the scene amounts to calculating the pose between the camera and the objects. Virtual objects can then be projected into the scene using the pose. Here, non-linear pose computation is formulated by means of a virtual visual servoing approach. In this context, the derivation of point-to-curve interaction matrices is given for different features including lines, circles, cylinders and spheres. A local moving edge tracker is used in order to provide real-time tracking of points normal to the object contours. A method is proposed for combining local position uncertainty and global pose uncertainty in an efficient and accurate way by propagating uncertainty. Robustness is obtained by integrating an M-estimator into the visual control law via an iteratively re-weighted least squares implementation. The method presented in this paper has been validated on several complex image sequences including outdoor environments. Results show the method to be robust to occlusion, changes in illumination and mistracking.
Package Auctions and Exchanges (2007)

We report recent advances concerning the package allocation problem, in which traders seek to buy or sell combinations of goods. The problems are most difficult when some goods are not substitutes. In that case, competitive equilibrium typically fail to exist but the core is non-empty and comprises the competitive solutions. Also in that case, the Vickrey auction fails to select core allocations and yield revenues that are less than competitive. The Ausubel-Milgrom auction generally selects core allocations and, when goods are substitutes, prescribes the Vickrey allocation. We also evaluate the problems and promise of mechanisms for the package exchange problem.
An Enhanced Location Estimation Approach Based on Fingerprinting Technique (2010)

This paper aims to locate the target position by using RFID Readers and tags with minimum error. After investigating the existing fingerprinting location technique, we find that the distribution of RSSI-value at each sample point is fluctuant even in the same position. Therefore, we propose an enhanced algorithm to the existing deterministic algorithms. The proposed enhancement approach collects ranges of possible RSSI-values from either sample point or target object to build the probability model, which is different from original algorithm that only saves one single RSSI-value at each point into a database, then several sets of RSSI-values are got for further location by using permutation and combination. Unlike the existing techniques, more than one locations are computed and the final location is the weighted average of those computed locations. simulation results and experimental comparisons are shown, in order to prove the accuracy of location estimation is improved.
[<sup>1</sup>N,<sup>12</sup>N]Bis(Ethyl)-<i>cis</i>-6,7-Dehydrospermine: a New Drug for Treatment and Prevention of<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>Infection of Mice Deficient in T-Cell Receptor Alpha (2000)

Cryptosporidium parvum infection of T-cell receptor alpha (TCR-alpha)-deficient mice results in a persistent infection. In this study, treatment with a polyamine analogue (SL-11047) prevented C. parvum infection in suckling TCR-alpha-deficient mice and cleared an existing infection in older mice. Treatment with putrescine, while capable of preventing infection, did not clear C. parvum from previously infected mice. These findings provide further evidence that polyamine metabolic pathways are targets for new anticryptosporidial chemotherapeutic agents.
Nonrecursive determination of orthonormal polynomials with matrix formulation (2006)

A general theoretical approach has been developed for the determination of orthonormal polynomials over any integrable domain, such as a hexagon. This approach is better than the classical Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process because it is nonrecursvie and can be performed rapidly with matrix transformations. The determination of the orthonormal hexagonal polynomials is demonstrated as an example of the matrix approach.
DARPA February 1992 pilot corpus CSR "dry run" benchmark test results (1992)

Continuous speech recognition research activities within the DARPA Spoken Language community have, within the past several years, been focussed on the Resource Management (RM) and Air Travel Information System (ATIS) corpora. Within the past year, plans have been developed for a large, multi-component "general-purpose English, large vocabulary, natural language, high perplexity corpus" known as the DARPA [Wall Street Journal-based] Continuous speech Recognition (CSR) Corpus [1]. Doug Paul, of MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL), and Janet Baker, of Dragon Systems, are responsible for many of the details of these plans. This corpus is intended to supplant the RM corpora and to supplement the ATIS corpora as resources for the DARPA speech recognition research community.
Photonic Beamforming in Ultra-Wideband Phased Antenna Arrays: Present State and Perspectives (2006)

This paper reflects the state-of-the-art of new and rapidly growing field, dealing with beamforming in ultra-wideband (UWB) phased antenna arrays (PAA) based on photonic technology. Principal attention is focused on active phased antenna arrays radiating/receiving ultra-wideband and ultra-short radio- and video-pulses of ~1 ns time duration, named in the paper RP PAA and VP PAA, correspondingly. For both RP PAA and VP PAA the critical problems of insertion losses and thermal stability are characterized. Estimations made for insertion losses and thermal stability of true time delays in RP PAA and VP PAA fiber-optic beamforming systems confirm the practicability of photonic beamforming in UWB RP PAA and UWB VP PAA
Synergistic Hydrate Inhibition of Monoethylene Glycol with Poly(vinylcaprolactam) in Thermodynamically Underinhibited System (2014)

This study investigates the hydrate inhibition performance of monoethylene glycol (MEG) with poly(vinylcaprolactam) (PVCap) for retarding the hydrate onset as well as preventing the agglomeration of hydrate particles. A high-pressure autoclave was used to determine the hydrate onset time, subcooling temperature, hydrate fraction in the liquid phase, and torque changes during hydrate formation in pure water, 0.2 wt % PVCap solution, and 20 and 30 wt % MEG solutions. In comparison to water with no inhibitors, the addition of PVCap delays the hydrate onset time but cannot reduce the hydrate fraction, leading to a sharp increase in torque. The 20 and 30 wt % MEG solutions also delay the hydrate onset time slightly and reduce the hydrate fraction to 0.15. The addition of 0.2 wt % PVCap to the 20 wt % MEG solution, however, delays the hydrate onset time substantially, and the hydrate fraction was less than 0.19. The torque changes were negligible during the hydrate formation, suggesting the homogeneous dispersion of hydrate particles in the liquid phase. The well-dispersed hydrate particles do not agglomerate or deposit under stirring. Moreover, when 0.2 wt % PVCap was added to the 30 wt % MEG solution, no hydrate formation was observed for at least 24 h. These results suggest that mixing of MEG with a small amount of PVCap in underinhibited conditions will induce the synergistic inhibition of hydrate by delaying the hydrate onset time as well as preventing the agglomeration and deposition of hydrate particles. Decreasing the hydrate fraction in the liquid phase might be the reason for negligible torque changes during the hydrate formation in the 0.2 wt % PVCap and 20 wt % MEG solution. Simple structure II was confirmed by in situ Raman spectroscopy for the synergistic inhibition system, while coexisting structures I and II are observed in 0.2 wt % PVCap solution.
The use of licking behaviour of cattle to administer medicaments (1989)

The use of the licking behaviour of animals as a means of dosing cattle was evaluated in 2 experiments. In the first experiment the licking behaviour of 8 Brahman cross steers in a yard was recorded over a 4 day pretreatment period and then for 6 days when sugar syrup (first 3 days) and molasses (next3 days) were applied to their sides. In the pretreatment period, the steers varied greatly in the extent to which they licked themselves and others. The frequency of self licking did not vary significantly (P>0.05) from day to day. The steers favoured their left side and mainly licked between the shoulder and hip and on the lower rump. They licked others mainly on the head, neck and shoulder. Licking activity was greatly increased by the application of sugar syrup or molasses. In the second experiment the licking behaviour of 20 Hereford heifers in a paddock was observed after applying molasses to their sides. There was considerable variation in the extent to which heifers licked themselves and others after molasses was applied to their sides. Frequency of licking by heifers varied from day to day, only 4 of the 20 animals licking themselves after every application. Licking of others was less common than in the steer group. The results suggest that this delivery system could be used to administer medicaments to cattle.
Mapping of independent V3 envelope determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 macrophage tropism and syncytium formation in lymphocytes (1996)

The V3 region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein is known to have a major influence on macrophage tropism as well as the ability to cause syncytium formation or fusion in CD4-positive lymphocyte cultures. Using infectious molecular HIV-1 clones, a series of mutant clones was created which allowed detailed mapping of V3 amino acid positions involved in these properties. In these experiments the non-syncytium-inducing phenotype in T cells did not always correlate with macrophage tropism. Macrophage tropism appeared to depend on the presence of certain combinations of amino acids at five specific positions within and just outside of the V3 loop itself, whereas syncytium formation in lymphocytes was influenced by substitution of particular residues at two to four positions within V3. In most cases, different V3 amino acid positions were found to independently influence macrophage tropism and syncytium formation in T cells and position 13 was the only V3 location which appeared to simultaneously influence both macrophage tropism and syncytium formation in lymphocytes.
Reinvestigation of the Addition of Methylmagnesium Iodide to the Benzoylformate of Enantiomerically Pure 1,1′-Binaphthyl-2-ol Prepared by Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution (1989)

Abstract A lipase from pseudomonas was found to catalyze almost completely enantioselective hydrolysis of the valerate of racemic 1,1′-binaphthyl-2-ol (1). The Prelog’s atrolactic acid synthesis by use of (aR)-1 induced S-chirality with much lower levels of optical yields (3–17%) than that reported previously (85%).
Uniformity and control of surface morphology during growth of GaN by molecular beam epitaxy (2005)

A “modulated growth” technique has been introduced to achieve large area uniformity and surface morphology control during rf plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy of GaN. The technique consists of modulating the surface coverage of Ga through short-period shuttering of Ga, N, or Ga and N together (e.g., 50–100Å growth periods), to achieve alternating high and low surface coverages of Ga on the (0001) GaN surface. The periods of growth with high Ga flux provide saturation coverage of Ga (∼2.5 ML Ga plus Ga droplets) over the full wafer, while the subsequent growth with low Ga flux facilitates a time-averaged Ga flux which is just below the crossover for droplet formation at the growth temperature. The growth transients in the Ga droplet regime are necessary to maintain smooth, pit-free surface morphologies, and the subsequent growth with low Ga flux suppresses droplet buildup over time. The process is monitored in situ utilizing reflection high energy electron diffraction and line-of-sight quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Results are presented which demonstrate that this approach is an effective means to achieve uniform surfaces over both 1∕4 and 2in. wafer sizes during nonbonded growth. The effects of temperature nonuniformities were mitigated and a surface free of both pitting and droplets has been realized over large areas.
Combined trellis coding with asymmetric MPSK modulation: An MSAT-X report (1985)

Traditionally symmetric, multiple phase-shift-keyed (MPSK) signal constellations, i.e., those with uniformly spaced signal points around the circle, have been used for both uncoded and coded systems. Although symmetric MPSK signal constellations are optimum for systems with no coding, the same is not necessarily true for coded systems. This appears to show that by designing the signal constellations to be asymmetric, one can, in many instances, obtain a significant performance improvement over the traditional symmetric MPSK constellations combined with trellis coding. The joint design of n/(n + 1) trellis codes and asymmetric 2 sup n + 1 - point MPSK is considered, which has a unity bandwidth expansion relative to uncoded 2 sup n-point symmetric MPSK. The asymptotic performance gains due to coding and asymmetry are evaluated in terms of the minimum free Euclidean distance free of the trellis. A comparison of the maximum value of this performance measure with the minimum distance d sub min of the uncoded system is an indication of the maximum reduction in required E sub b/N sub O that can be achieved for arbitrarily small system bit-error rates. It is to be emphasized that the introduction of asymmetry into the signal set does not effect the bandwidth of power requirements of the system; hence, the above-mentioned improvements in performance come at little or no cost. MPSK signal sets in coded systems appear in the work of Divsalar.