gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Translocation of β‐Dystroglycan Reveals a Distinctive Trafficking Pattern of Autoproteolyzed Mucins (2008)

Dystroglycan (DG) is an extracellular matrix receptor implicated in muscular dystrophies and cancers. DG belongs to the membrane-tethered mucin family and is composed of extracellular (alpha-DG) and transmembrane (beta-DG) subunits stably coupled at the cell surface. These two subunits are generated by autoproteolysis of a monomeric precursor within a distinctive protein motif called sea urchin-enterokinase-agrin (SEA) domain, yet the purpose of this cleavage and heterodimer creation is uncertain. In this study, we identify a functional nuclear localization signal within beta-DG and show that, in addition to associating with alpha-DG at the cell surface, the full-length and glycosylated beta-DG autonomously traffics to the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm in a process that occurs independent of alpha-DG ligand binding. The trafficking pattern of beta-DG mirrors that of MUC1-C, the transmembrane subunit of the related MUC1 oncoprotein, also a heterodimeric membrane-tethered mucin created by SEA autoproteolysis. We show that the transmembrane subunits of both MUC1 and DG transit the secretory pathway prior to nuclear targeting and that their monomeric precursors maintain the capacity for nuclear trafficking. A screen of breast carcinoma cell lines of distinct pathophysiological origins revealed considerable variability in the nuclear partitioning of beta-DG, indicating that nuclear localization of beta-DG is regulated, albeit independent of extracellular ligand binding. These findings point to novel intracellular functions for beta-DG, with possible disease implications. They also reveal an evolutionarily conserved role for SEA autoproteolysis, serving to enable independent functions of mucin transmembrane subunits, enacted by a shared and poorly understood pathway of segregated subunit trafficking.
<title>Multiplexed chemiluminescent assays in ArrayPlates for high-throughput measurement of gene expression</title> (2002)

Multiplexed Molecular Profiling (MMP) assays for drug discovery are performed in ArrayPlates. ArrayPlates are 96- well microtiter plates that contain a 16-element array at the bottom of each well. Each element within an array measures one analyte in a sample. A CCD imager records the quantitative chemiluminescent readout of all 1,536 elements in a 96-well plate simultaneously. Since array elements are reagent modifiable by the end-user, ArrayPlates can be adapted to a broad range of nucleic acid- and protein-based assays. Such multiplexed assays are rapidly established, flexible, robust, automation-friendly and cost-effective. Nucleic acid assays in ArrayPlates can detect DNA and RNA, including SNPs and ESTs. A multiplexed mRNA assay to measure the expression of 16 genes is described. The assay combines a homogeneous nuclease protection assay with subsequent probe immobilization to the array by means of a sandwich hybridization followed with chemiluminescent detection. This assay was used to examine cells grown and treated in microplates and avoided cloning, transfection, RNA insolation, reverse transcription, amplification and fluorochrome labeling. Standard deviations for the measurement of 16 genes ranged from 3 percent to 13 percent in samples of 30,000 cells. Such ArrayPlates transcription assays are useful in drug discovery and development for target validation, screening, lead optimization, metabolism and toxicity profiling. Chemiluminescent detection provides ArrayPlates assays with high signal-to-noise readout and simplifies imager requirements. Imaging a 2D surface that contains arrays simplifies lens requirements relative to imaging columns of liquid in microtiter plate wells. The Omix imager for ArrayPlates is described.
Soar Papers: Research on Integrated Intelligence (1993)

Soar is a state-of-the art computational theory of the mind that has had a significant impact in both artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Begun by John E. Laird, Allen Newell, and Paul S. Rosenbloom at Carnegie Mellon in the early 1980s, the Soar Project is an investigation into the architecture underlying intelligent behavior with the goal of developing and applying a unified theory of natural and artificial intelligence. The Soar Papers - sixty-three articles in all - provide in one place the important ideas that have emerged from this project. The book is organized chronologically, with an introduction that provides multiple organizations according to major topics. Readers interested in the entire effort can read the articles in publication order, while readers interested only in a specific topic can go directly to a logical sequence of papers to read on that topic. Major topics covered in this volume include: the direct precursors of Soar; the Soar architecture; implementation issues; intelligent capabilities (such as problem solving and planning, learning, and external interaction); domains of application; psychological modeling; perspectives on Soar; and using Soar.
The Effect of Accommodation on Ocular Shape (2002)

Accommodation induced the ocular shape to become more prolate. The opposite occurred after accommodation was relaxed, namely a change toward a more oblate ocular shape. The transient nature of these changes suggests that tension on the choroid and choroidal hysteresis may play a role in influencing ocular shape.
Randomized trial of chemoendocrine therapy started before or after surgery for treatment of primary breast cancer. (1995)

This trial confirms previous reports of a high rate of response to neoadjuvant therapy, but is the first to include small primary cancers and to show, in the context of a randomized trial, a reduction in the requirement for mastectomy. Until disease-free and overall survival data are available from the larger National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP)-18 trial, such neoadjuvant treatment cannot be recommended outside of a clinical trial.
Distributed CSMA/CA algorithms for achieving maximum throughput in wireless networks (2009)

Recently, it has been shown that CSMA-type algorithms can achieve the maximum possible throughput in wireless ad hoc networks. Central to these results is a distributed randomized algorithm which selects schedules according to a product-form distribution. The product-form distribution is achieved by considering a continuous-time Markov model of an idealized CSMA protocol (continuous backoff times, zero propagation/sensing delay, no hidden terminals) under which collisions cannot occur.
Chiral-Thiourea-Catalyzed Direct Mannich Reaction (2007)

In the presence of a chiral thiourea as a bifunctional organocatalyst, Mannich reaction of N-Boc-imine with prochiral 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds proceeded with excellent enantio- and dia­stereoselectivities.
CPEB2, A Novel Putative Translational Regulator in Mouse Haploid Germ Cells1 (2003)

Translational control of specific mRNAs by cytoplasmic polyadenylation has fundamental roles in gametogenesis. The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) protein regulates cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNAs as a trans factor in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. The CPEB protein contains two RNA recognition motifs and a Zn-finger structure. Proteins (KIAA0940 and KIAA1673) with similar structures are predicted from the genome database, but nothing is known about their expression and function. Here, we report another novel member of the CPEB protein family, CPEB2. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of CPEB family members suggests that the family can be divided structurally and, perhaps, functionally into two groups: the CPEB group, and the CPEB2-KIAA0940-KIAA1673 group. The CPEB2 maps to mouse chromosome distal 5B and is abundantly expressed in testis. However, it was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in all tissues that we examined. It preferentially binds to poly(U) and localizes to the cytoplasm in transfected HeLa cells. The CPEB2 is expressed postmeiotically in mouse spermatogenesis, suggesting a possible role in translational regulation of stored mRNAs in transcriptionally inactive haploid spermatids.
Growth and Initiation Mechanism of Filamentous Coke (1983)

Decomposition of carbon bearing gases over transition metals often results in the formation of filamentous materials ("carbon fibers"). These carbon fibers are uniform in width, usually between 500-1000Å, come in the shape of flat ribbons, solid or hollow tubes, and some are even twisted. The formation of these filaments results in corrosion of the metallic phase. An investigation was performed to try to ascertain the initiation and growth mechanism for fiber formation in a five component gas mixture (CO, CO2, CH4, H2, H2O) over iron. Phase diagrams were used to try to control the solid phase composition during reaction. An electrobalance was used to continuously monitor weight gain, and electron optics were used to examine the bulk metal and fiber structure(s). Preliminary results indicate that fiber formation only occurs when a carbide is thermodynamically favored. Also, the rate plotted as change in fractional weight gain per unit time goes through
A 9‐yr evaluation of carrier erythrocyte encapsulated adenosine deaminase (ADA) therapy in a patient with adult‐type ADA deficiency (2007)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is an inherited disorder which leads to elevated cellular levels of deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) and systemic accumulation of its precursor, 2-deoxyadenosine. These metabolites impair lymphocyte function, and inactivate S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) respectively, leading to severe immunodeficiency. Enzyme replacement therapy with polyethylene glycol-conjugated ADA is available, but its efficacy is reduced by anti-ADA neutralising antibody formation. We report here carrier erythrocyte encapsulated native ADA therapy in an adult-type ADA deficient patient. Encapsulated enzyme is protected from antigenic responses and therapeutic activities are sustained. ADA-loaded autologous carrier erythrocytes were prepared using a hypo-osmotic dialysis procedure. Over a 9-yr period 225 treatment cycles were administered at 2-3 weekly intervals. Therapeutic efficacy was determined by monitoring immunological and metabolic parameters. After 9 yr of therapy, erythrocyte dATP concentration ranged between 24 and 44 micromol/L (diagnosis, 234) and SAHH activity between 1.69 and 2.29 nmol/h/mg haemoglobin (diagnosis, 0.34). Erythrocyte ADA activities were above the reference range of 40-100 nmol/h/mg haemoglobin (0 at diagnosis). Initial increases in absolute lymphocyte counts were not sustained; however, despite subnormal circulating CD20(+) cell numbers, serum immunoglobulin levels were normal. The patient tolerated the treatment well. The frequency of respiratory problems was reduced and the decline in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s and vital capacity reduced compared with the 4 yr preceding carrier erythrocyte therapy. Carrier erythrocyte-ADA therapy in an adult patient with ADA deficiency was shown to be metabolically and clinically effective.
Automation of coke reclaiming with 3D stock pile imaging system (2002)

The authors developed a 3D imaging system for use with automatic coke reclaiming system. This imaging system is consisted of stand-alone embedded controller and 3D laser scanner. Embedded style controller makes the imaging system isolated from the reclaimer main control PLC so that we can manage the operation tasks more easily. For low laser reflectivity of black coke surface, laser range finding sensor sensitivity was specially adjusted. In addition to basic laser scanning operation software, a few operation tasks for work point searching, inverse kinematics solving, work ordering, coke stock volume measuring and communication are embedded in the controller. Reclaimer machine oriented work point coordinates and other calculated results are transmitted to main control PLC so that automatic reclaiming operation is achieved. This imaging system was applied to coke stock yard of POSCO Kwangyang Works and satisfied remotely located operators for convenience of work point accessing.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Lipid Metabolism: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential (2011)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a crucial role in protein folding, assembly, and secretion. Disruption of ER homeostasis may lead to accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER lumen, a condition referred to as ER stress. In response to ER stress, a signal transduction pathway known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. UPR activation allows the cell to cope with an increased protein-folding demand on the ER. Recent studies have shown that ER stress/UPR activation plays a critical role in lipid metabolism and homeostasis. ER-stress-dependent dysregulation of lipid metabolism may lead to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. In this paper, we examine recent findings illustrating the important role ER stress/UPR signalling pathways play in regulation of lipid metabolism, and how they may lead to dysregulation of lipid homeostasis.
Preprocessing Techniques in Character Recognition (2010)

In this chapter, preprocessing techniques used in document images as an initial step in character recognition systems were presented. Future research aims at new applications such as online character recognition used in mobile devices, extraction of text from video images, extraction of information from security documents and processing of historical documents. The objective of such research is to guarantee the accuracy and security of information extraction in real time applications. Even though many methods and techniques have been developed for preprocessing there are still problems that are not solved completely and more investigations need to be carried out in order to provide solutions. Most of preprocessing techniques are application-specific and not all preprocessing techniques have to be applied to all applications. Each application may require different preprocessing techniques depending on the different factors that may affect the quality of its images, such as those introduced during the image acquisition stage. Image
Tricky translation (2001)

I was surprised that Charles Lineweaver used the German word Bildungsroman to describe Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman's book Genesis of the Big Bang (August p42). The word is made up of two parts – Bildung and Roman (novel, or story). However, like the inadequate translation of Wissenschaft to science, finding an equivalent English word for Bildung is an impossible task.
A Study on Recognition of Korean Connected-Digits Using group-labelling by VQ and One-stage DP (1991)

In this paper, we have recognized Korean connected-digits. To reduce the processing time the method of combining VQ one-stage DP is introduced and to reduce the number of reference pattern a new group labelling technique is proposed. Group-labelling is a method to segment and label connected-digit into groups by VQ. As experimental results with 3 connected-digits, the number of reference patterns are reduced in proportion to the number of groups which are labelled.
Cancer inflammation and regulatory T cells (2010)

Chronic inflammation is essential for cancer growth and metastasis. It follows that factors reducing inflammation would abrogate cancer and restore tissue health. However, roles for anti-inflammatory CD4+ regulatory cells (T(REG)) in cancer are enigmatic and controversial. Our recent data reveal that T(REG) may function in cancer similarly to inflammatory bowel disease or multiple sclerosis, whereby T(REG) accumulate but lack potency to restore tissue homeostasis under inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, early life exposures to diverse environmental organisms reinforce a protective T(REG) phenotype that inhibits cancer. In contrast, hygienic individuals with few exposures earlier in life suffer from a dysregulated T(REG) feedback loop. Consequently, hygienic subjects have increased risk of malignancy later in life. This cancer condition is reversible by blocking underlying inflammation. Taken together, these data help explain increased inflammation-associated cancer rates in hygienic societies and identify targets to abrogate cancer and restore overall health.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly patients treated with endocrinologists in clinical practice (2020)

A large-scale epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is observed with advanced ageing worldwide. The prevalence of T2DM significantly increases with age. Therefore, this review aimed to summarise the data on T2DM in advanced and older aged patients. The primary geriatric syndromes, which should be considered for the management of older patients (cognitive impairment, sarcopenia, orthostatic hypotension, falls, urinary incontinence, senile asthenia, etc.), are presented. The causes of the high risk for hypoglycaemia in elderly patients are analysed. Improving the treatment for T2DM is a priority of modern medicine. Using antihyperglycaemic therapy is especially difficult in this population due to the high risk of hypoglycaemia and the multi-organ pathology leading to polypharmacy. Therefore, special attention is paid to treatment recommendations. Hypoglycaemic drugs used in elderly patients should be low risk of hypoglycaemia, without nephro- and hepatic toxicity, safe for cardiovascular organs, easy to administer. Furthermore, advantages and limitations of using various groups of hypoglycaemic drugs in elderly patients are discussed. DPP-4 inhibitors are also considered in detail. Modern data on mechanisms of hypoglycaemic action of DPP-4 inhibitors are presented. Possibilities of using sitagliptin in elderly patients were also considered. Finally, evidence-based studies demonstrating the obvious advantages of sitagliptin for the treatment of T2DM in the elderly and advanced aged population are discussed.
Broad-spectrum neodymium-doped laser glasses for high-energy chirped-pulse amplification (2007)

We have investigated two novel laser glasses in an effort to generate high-energy, broad-spectrum pulses from a chirped-pulse amplification Nd:glass laser. Both glasses have significantly broader spectra (>38 nm FWHM) than currently available Nd:phosphate and Nd:silicate glasses. We present calculations for small signal pulse amplification to simulate spectral gain narrowing. The technique of spectral shaping using mixed-glass architecture with an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification front end is evaluated. Our modeling shows that amplified pulses with energies exceeding 10 kJ with sufficient bandwidth to achieve 120 fs pulsewidths are achievable with the use of the new laser glasses. With further development of current technologies, a laser system could be scaled to generate one exawatt in peak power.
Version Space Algebra and its Application to Programming by Demonstration (2000)

Machine learning research has been very successful at producing powerful, broadlyapplicable classification learners. However, many practical learning problems do not fit the classification framework well, and as a result the initial phase of suitably formulating the problem and incorporating the relevant domain knowledge can be very difficult and typically consumes the majority of the project time. Here we propose a framework to systematize and speed this process, based on the notion of version space algebra. We extend the notion of version spaces beyond concept learning, and propose that carefullytailored version spaces for complex applications can be built by composing simpler, restricted version spaces. We illustrate our approach with SMARTedit, a programming by demonstration application for repetitive text-editing that uses version space algebra to guide a search over text-editing action sequences. We demonstrate the system on a suite of repetitive text-editing problems and present experimental results showing its effectiveness in learning from a small number of examples. 1.
Charge transfer in polypyrrole (1985)

Experimental electrical conductivity and optical absorption data are presented for fully oxidized polypyrrole. A charge transfer theory is described which gives an excellent account of the temperature dependence, carrier density dependence, and magnitude of electrical conductivity. The reorganization energy calculated from the temperature dependence of conductivity, 0.23 eV, is in good agreement with the value obtained from the near IR dielectric loss spectrum, ∼0.25 eV. Self-consistent hopping distances of about 5–10 Å are obtained from the reorganization energy, conductivity preexponential factor, and carrier density. Hopping between localized sites associated with the counteranion is indicated.
Fünfringheterocyclen, IV. Ringverengung von 5‐Aryl‐6<i>H</i>‐1,3,4‐thiadiazin‐2(3<i>H</i>)‐onen zu 4‐Aryl‐1,2,3,‐thiadiazolen (1977)

Abstract 5‐Aryl‐6 H ‐1,3,4‐thiadiazin‐2(3 H )‐one 3α wurden auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen (A und B) dargestellt. Die Oxidation mit chlorhaltigem tert ‐Butylhypochlorit führte unter Ringverengung und Abspaltung von Kohlendioxid zu den 4‐Aryl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazolen 9 .
Angiogenic microspheres promote neural regeneration and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury in rats (2016)

This study examined sustained co-delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) encapsulated in angiogenic microspheres. These spheres were delivered to sites of spinal cord contusion injury in rats, and their ability to induce vessel formation, neural regeneration and improve hindlimb motor function was assessed. At 2-8 weeks after spinal cord injury, ELISA-determined levels of VEGF, angiopoietin-1, and bFGF were significantly higher in spinal cord tissues in rats that received angiogenic microspheres than in those that received empty microspheres. Sites of injury in animals that received angiogenic microspheres also contained greater numbers of isolectin B4-binding vessels and cells positive for nestin or β III-tubulin (P < 0.01), significantly more NF-positive and serotonergic fibers, and more MBP-positive mature oligodendrocytes. Animals receiving angiogenic microspheres also suffered significantly less loss of white matter volume. At 10 weeks after injury, open field tests showed that animals that received angiogenic microspheres scored significantly higher on the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale than control animals (P < 0.01). Our results suggest that biodegradable, biocompatible PLGA microspheres can release angiogenic factors in a sustained fashion into sites of spinal cord injury and markedly stimulate angiogenesis and neurogenesis, accelerating recovery of neurologic function.
PREVALENCE OF SELF-MEDICATION AND TRADITIONAL MEDICATION AMONG RESIDENTS IN A VILLAGE IN SEPANG, SELANGOR (2004)

The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of health care utilization amongst the rural community and the prevalence of complementary health care in Kampung Giching, Sepang, Selangor. A cross sectional study was conducted in 2001 Out of the 154 respondents selected by universal sampling, only 131 completed the questionnaires giving a response rate of 85.1%. The respondents were asked to recall the presence of any illness during the past 6 months and their use of health care. Twenty-four respondents claimed to be healthy without having any illness (18.3%), 33 respondents (25 .2%) reported that they had chronic illnesses, while the rest (n=74) reported having acute illnesses. There were 54.2% of the respondents admitted trying self­ medication and 10 .3 % seeked traditional medication for their respective illnesses. Among the self-medicated respondents, 48. 3 % used modem medicine, 48.3% used traditional medicine, 1.7% used both modern and traditional medicines and 1.7% respondent used home remedies. The results of this study show that both modern and traditional practitioners play important roles in giving information on self-medication. These practitioners as well as the public should be advised on the benefits and side-effects of both types of medication ( modern and traditional).