gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme immunoassay using BCG in serodiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (1986)

Amounts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibodies were determined in sera from patients with either active or inactive tuberculosis and in healthy subjects by an immunoenzymatic assay in which whole BCG cells attached covalently to polystyrene disks were used as antigen. Statistically significant differences (P less than 0.005) were found both between the active and inactive tuberculosis groups and between the active group and healthy controls. No significant differences were found between the inactive group and controls. Since this procedure is efficient (91%) and can be used in areas which lack laboratory equipment, it appears promising for individual serodiagnosis and for epidemiological surveys.
A New Family of Anion-Binding-Agent (ABA) Based Stable Salts for Li and Li-Ion Batteries (2014)

Introduction: Thermal instability of LiPF 6 at elevated temperatures is well known. Thus there is an imminent need to develop thermally stable salt to replace LiPF 6 . A variety of new salts have been studied in Li-ion batteries without much success. One of the salts we are currently evaluating is LiF. This is a low molecular weight salt that has high voltage and thermal stability. However, it doesn’t dissolve in common battery solvents. This limitation can be solved with the addition of anion binding agents (ABAs). For example, Mehta and Fujinami 1 proposed boroxine (tri coordinate boron ring) which is a Lewis Acid, to solubilize salt in common battery electrolyte. This compound traps the anion of the salt and frees up the Li+ for conduction. A similar idea was developed by McBreen etal 2-4 where they synthesized boron containing additives to dissolve LiF in organic solvents. However, most of the ABAs investigated are heavy with molecular weight exceeding 500 g/mole. Bulky ABAs impede access of the anion of the salt to the binding site (boron center) thus leading to poor dissolution of the salt 5, 6 . Inspired by McBreen’s approach we launched a program and developed lower molecular weight (~250 g/mole) ABAs. We quickly learned that the as prepared ABAs do have DMSO solvent bound to the boron (this is designated as impure ABA). We purified the impure ABA by reacting with LiF in acetone which yielded a pure ABA+LiF salt. The purified salt gave a clear solution whereas the impure ABA+LiF salt gave a cloudy solution in EC:EMC (Photo-1). We have prepared a variety of ABAs and tested them for electrochemical performance. Most of them could solubilize LiF only poorly and showed very low conductivity. However, two of the ABAs are promising and the results on one of them will be described here. Electrochemical Performance: Figure 2 compares conductivity for the pure and impure Oxalic-ABA+LiF in EC:EMC We have prepared a variety of ABAs and tested them for electrochemical performance. Most of them could solubilize LiF only poorly and showed very low conductivity. However, two of the ABAs are promising and the results on one of them will be described here. Electrochemical Performance: Figure 2 compares conductivity for the pure and impure Oxalic-ABA+LiF in EC:EMC solvent blend at different temperatures. The pure ABA shows higher conductivity than the impure. Electrochemical measurements and cell building was performed with the purified salt. This showed stability up to 4.5V vs. Li + /Li but unstable close to Li voltage, which was eliminated by adding low concentration of LiPF 6 to the solution. Figure 3 shows formation of an 18650 cell containing carbon anode, NMC (523) cathode in EC:EMC(3:7 w%)-ABA+LiF_10mM LiPF 6 . The reversible capacity is ~ 1.03Ahrs.
Homogeneous dispersion of organic p-dopants in an organic semiconductor as an origin of high charge generation efficiency (2011)

We report that an organic p-dopant tri[1,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethane-1,2-dithiolene] [Mo(tfd)3] resulted in higher density of holes than inorganic metal oxide dopants of ReO3 or MoO3 in 1,4-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N′-phenylamino]-4,4′-diamine even though the metal oxide dopants possess deeper work functions compared to Mo(tfd)3. Higher charge generation efficiency results largely from the homogeneous dispersion of Mo(tfd)3 in the host. In contradistinction, the transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a formation of metal oxide nanoclusters. This highlights the importance of homogeneous dispersion for an efficient doping.
Opiate-induced pupillary effects in humans. (1989)

The pupillary effects of several opiates were assessed in human volunteers (N = 6) by means of a newly developed hand-held pupilometer, Pupilscan. Static (diameter) and dynamic (light reflex) responses after morphine, heroin, codeine, oxycodone, oxymorphone and hydrocodone were recorded. The opiates caused dose-related decreases in pupillary size and in the velocity of constriction to a light stimulus. The velocity of redilation after a light stimulus was also decreased. These data indicate that opiates cause systematic changes in dynamic pupillary responses in humans and that measures of these changes may be useful in the quantitative estimation of drug-induced impairment.
An approach to characterize and clarify hysteresis phenomena of lithium-silicon electrodes (2017)

We clarify the hysteretic behavior observed in lithiated silicon electrodes through the development and implementation of a model that describes the main features of the observed voltage hysteresis. Specifically, slow-scan voltammetry at 0.01 mV/s is used to study hysteresis in lithiated silicon thin-film electrodes. At higher scan rates, the curves U(x), where U is voltage and x is state of charge, depend on the scan rate, but no difference is seen in the curves when scanning at slow enough rates. For example, no difference is seen at 0.01 mV/s or at 0.005 mV/s, even though the same hysteretic behavior is observed for both scan rates, i.e., the lithiation curve differs significantly from the delithiation curve. The rate of 0.005 mV/s is the slowest that could be measured with state-of-the-art equipment. However, when a lithiating scan at 0.01 mV/s is suddenly set to open circuit conditions, the voltage slowly decays upwards, whereas the voltage decays downwards when delithiation is interrupted. From this, it is inferred that the rate invariance seen at 0.005 and 0.01 mV/s would have to break down at some lower scan rate, if it could be measured. A semi-empirical model is used to describe many aspects of this behavior based on the assumption of a region of rate invariance, which breaks down at higher scan rates due to transport and kinetic losses, but which also breaks down at slower scan rates due to transients that are observable but remain unexplained.
An Advanced Motion Detection Algorithm With Video Quality Analysis for Video Surveillance Systems (2010)

Motion detection is the first essential process in the extraction of information regarding moving objects and makes use of stabilization in functional areas, such as tracking, classification, recognition, and so on. In this paper, we propose a novel and accurate approach to motion detection for the automatic video surveillance system. Our method achieves complete detection of moving objects by involving three significant proposed modules: a background modeling (BM) module, an alarm trigger (AT) module, and an object extraction (OE) module. For our proposed BM module, a unique two-phase background matching procedure is performed using rapid matching followed by accurate matching in order to produce optimum background pixels for the background model. Next, our proposed AT module eliminates the unnecessary examination of the entire background region, allowing the subsequent OE module to only process blocks containing moving objects. Finally, the OE module forms the binary object detection mask in order to achieve highly complete detection of moving objects. The detection results produced by our proposed (PRO) method were both qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed through visual inspection and for accuracy, along with comparisons to the results produced by other state-of-the-art methods. The analyses show that our PRO method has a substantially higher degree of efficacy, outperforming other methods by an metric accuracy rate of up to 53.43%.
Management of maritime archaeology under Australian legislation (1995)

Operating under a federal form of government Australia has two sets of legislation (Federal and State) relating to maritime archaeology. The Federal legislation is the Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976, under which maritime archaeological shipwreck sites are protected. In addition all seven States have their own State legislation protecting maritime archaeological sites that lie in State waters. In all States, except Queensland, the authority delegated with responsibility for the State and Federal Acts is the same. The lack of conformity and the confusion which exists between the various forms of legislation is, however, symptomatic of a country that once had five different railway gauges even today the railway track outside my office has three rails! It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the management issues relating to maritime archaeological sites, the legislation, the departments that administer underwater cultural heritage sites and the issues that relate to them. The discussion will also compare the legislation in Britain and the United States of America, and then examine the general situation in Australia and the particular case of Western Australia.
The Localization of Phytate in Tofu Curd Formation and Effects of Phytate on Tofu Texture (2008)

The localization of phytate on tofu making and its effects on tofu texture were investigated. Thirty-eight percent and 3% of phytate in soymilk were bound to soluble protein and particulate protein, respectively, and the others were in free form. In the early stage of curd formation, phytate bound to particulate proteins and then a large part of phytate was taken into the tofu curd. Increase of phytate contents in soymilk resulted in the increase of coagulant requirement to make firm tofu. Optimal coagulant concentration (OCC) for making tofu was influenced by phytate contents. The increase of phytate in tofu caused decrease of hardness at OCC and resulted in the increase of brittleness and viscosity of tofu. We concluded that the phytate content is one important factor that contributes to tofu texture.
Absorption of Peptide and Peptidomimetic Drugs (1994)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Einleitung (2010)

Durch den gesellschaftlichen Wandel und die Bildungsdebatte, ausgelöst durch Ergebnisse der Pisa-Studie und anderer Studien, sind Kindertagesstätten und damit auch der Berufsstand der Erzieherinnen in den Fokus der Öffentlichkeit sowie der Politik geraten. Das Schattendasein, das die Tageseinrichtungen für Kinder und die in ihnen tätigen Erzieherinnen lange geführt haben, ist zu Ende. Sozialpolitik, Bildungspolitik, Familienpolitik und Wirtschaftspolitik zeigen ihr Interesse an der Institution Kindertagesstätte und stellen neue Erwartungen und Anforderungen an diese. Abzulesen ist dieser Trend in den Schlagzeilen der Presse. Exemplarisch sei dies durch einige Artikelüberschriften jüngeren Datums aus der Tageszeitung „Die Rheinpfalz“ verdeutlicht: „Rätseln über Qualität der Kinderbetreuung. Anhörung im Landtag: Haben die rheinland-pfälzischen Tagesstätten genug Personal?“ (30.05.2008), „Bund und Länder wollen Milliarden in die Bildung stecken“ (23.10.2008), „Zehen zählen, Tanzen, Interpunktion. Kleinkinder in England müssen 69 ‚frühe Lernziele’ erfüllen“ (31.10.2008), „Rheinland-Pfalz im Pisa-Test gutes Mittelfeld“ (19.11.2008), „Bachelor soll Erziehern Aufstieg erleichtern“ (28.03.2009). Sogar der Rat der Wirtschaftsweisen hat Empfehlungen ausgesprochen, die sich auf Investitionen in die (frühkindliche) Bildung beziehen (ARD: „Tagesschau“, 12.11.2008).
3D object registration in image sequences (1998)

In this paper, we address the issue of pose estimation for 3D polyhedral objects in 2D color image sequences. Knowing the 3D object model defined as a mesh or as a set of segments with adjency properties, the generic approach proposed here involves a robust 2D segment extraction method. This method involves two consecutive frames in the sequence, and is based on three steps: (1) color segmentation, (2) color gradient map computation based on the minimum vector dispersion detector, (3) edge modeling simulating the specific shape and magnitude of the gradient, and local active segment-based 2D matching. The procedure of updating the edge model makes it possible to easily take into account partially occluded objects. Introducing an active matching reduces drastically confusion and ambiguity cases. The 3D/2D matching of the model is achieved by minimizing the distance between the projected segments of the 3D model and the segments extracted in the 2D image. Results on simulated and real images are presented and discussed, the accuracy of the pose estimation depending mainly on the accuracy of the 3D object model.
Plasma membrane requirements for cell fusion induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins gB, gD, gH and gL (2001)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins gB, gD and gHL are capable of inducing cell fusion when expressed from plasmid vectors in the absence of any other virus components. Fusion requires the expression of all four glycoproteins on the same membrane, since they are unable to cooperate in trans to induce syncytium formation. In addition, the fusion event is dependent on the expression of a gD receptor on target cell membranes and does not require the presence of cell-surface glycosaminoglycans.
Melodic accent: Experiments and a tentative model (1982)

The perception of accent in tone sequences is a constructive process in which physical cues are matched against anticipated accents. The anticipation of the observer can experimentally be controlled by embedding the short tone sequence to be investigated in a context with a meter: method of controlled anticipation. An investigation of melodic accentuation, resulting from the succession of frequency intervals, revealed that in principle every change of frequency level between two successive tones can be interpreted as accentuation of the terminal tone of the change. The melodic contour seems to be most important. The first of two intervals in opposite directions operates as the strongest accentuation, whereas two intervals in the same direction are equally effective. The effect of relative magnitude is less pronounced. Only in the case of clearly diverging relative magnitudes the largest interval is the most powerful, particularly when the intervals are in the same direction. The advantage of rises over falls is almost negligible. The short-term influence of physical factors on momentary accent perception allows for a description in terms of a ’’memory window’’ sliding along the tone sequence. At each moment the frequencies within the window provide the physical cue for accent that has to be matched against anticipation. If the span of the window is minimal, i.e., three tones, accent perception in sequences of four tones, embedded according to the method of controlled anticipation, has been accounted for fairly well, the correlation coefficient between predictions and outcomes being 0.76.
Path Tracking Control Method of a Modular Omnidirectional Vehicle. (2000)

This paper proposes a control method for moving a non-holonomic omnidirectional vehicle along a reference path. We modularize wheel units assembled in the vehicle to easily tailor the vehicle to individual transfer applications. A path-tracking control system consisting of deck-module and wheel-module controllers is designed to coordinate wheel modules and to ensure correct vehicle motion. The deck-module controller decides the desired motion of the vehicle based on the Ackerman geomery to track its reference path, while each wheel-module controller controls wheels to produce the desired motion of the vehicle. To reduce wheel slip caused by control errors in wheel modules, we constitute two types of wheel modules : active wheel modules and passive wheel modules. The active wheel modules produce the desired vehicle motion, and the passive wheel modules correct their own velocities to mimic caster behavior. Simulation and experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Harmonic maps and their applications in surface matching (2003)

The surface-matching problem is investigated in this paper using a mathematical tool called harmonic maps. The theory of harmonic maps studies the mapping between different metric manifolds from the energy-minimization point of view. With the application of harmonic maps, a surface representation called harmonic shape images is generated to represent and match 3D freeform surfaces. The basic idea of harmonic shape images is to map a 3D surface patch with disc topology to a 2D domain and encode the shape information of the surface patch into the 2D image. This simplifies the surface-matching problem to a 2D image-matching problem. Due to the application of harmonic maps in generating harmonic shape images, harmonic shape images have the following advantages: they have sound mathematical background; they preserve both the shape and continuity of the underlying surfaces; and they are robust to occlusion and independent of any specific surface sampling scheme. The performance of surface matching using harmonic maps is evaluated using real data. Preliminary results are presented in the paper.
Understanding mechanisms of γ‐globin gene regulation to develop strategies for pharmacological fetal hemoglobin induction (2006)

The developmental regulation of gamma-globin gene expression has shaped research efforts to establish therapeutic modalities for individuals affected with sickle cell disease (SCD). Fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) synthesis is high at birth, followed by a decline to adult levels by 10 months of age. The expression of gamma-globin is controlled by a developmentally regulated transcriptional program that is recapitulated during normal erythropoiesis in the adult bone marrow. It is known that naturally occurring mutations in the gamma-gene promoters cause persistent Hb F synthesis after birth, which ameliorates symptoms in SCD by inhibiting hemoglobin S polymerization and vaso-occlusion. Several pharmacological agents have been identified over the past 2 decades that reactivate gamma-gene transcription through different cellular systems. We will review the progress made in our understanding of molecular mechanisms that control gamma-globin expression and insights gained from Hb F-inducing agents that act through signal transduction pathways.
A review of SQUID magnetometry applied to nondestructive evaluation (1991)

The development of the SQUID as the most sensitive instrument known for the measurement of changes in magnetic flux has presented new opportunities for its use for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of electrically conducting and ferromagnetic structures. The preliminary studies of this application within the past few years are reviewed in order to serve as an introduction to those that follow. It includes early work by the author that explored the ability of a SQUID to detect defects in a buried pipe and to detect fatigue in steel structures. Studies designed to find defects in North Sea oil platforms and corrosion currents are covered, as well as more recent work in mapping the magnetic field above a current-carrying circuit board. The future of SQUID-based NDE is discussed.
Three-dimensional structure of the radial spokes reveals heterogeneity and interactions with dyneins in<i>Chlamydomonas</i>flagella (2011)

Radial spokes (RSs) play an essential role in the regulation of axonemal dynein activity and thus of ciliary and flagellar motility. However, few details are known about the complexes involved. Using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging, we visualized the three-dimensional structure of the radial spokes in Chlamydomonas flagella in unprecedented detail. Unlike many other species, Chlamydomonas has only two spokes per axonemal repeat, RS1 and RS2. Our data revealed previously uncharacterized features, including two-pronged spoke bases that facilitate docking to the doublet microtubules, and that inner dyneins connect directly to the spokes. Structures of wild type and the headless spoke mutant pf17 were compared to define the morphology and boundaries of the head, including a direct RS1-to-RS2 interaction. Although the overall structures of the spokes are very similar, we also observed some differences, corroborating recent findings about heterogeneity in the docking of RS1 and RS2. In place of a third radial spoke we found an uncharacterized, shorter electron density named "radial spoke 3 stand-in," which structurally bears no resemblance to RS1 and RS2 and is unaltered in the pf17 mutant. These findings demonstrate that radial spokes are heterogeneous in structure and may play functionally distinct roles in axoneme regulation.
Ultrafast Vibrations of Gold Nanorings (2011)

We investigate the vibrational modes of gold nanorings on a silica substrate with an ultrafast optical technique. By comparison with numerical simulations, we identify several resonances in the gigahertz range associated with axially symmetric deformations of the nanoring and substrate. We elucidate the corresponding mode shapes and find that the substrate plays an important role in determining the mode damping. This study demonstrates the need for a plasmonic nano-optics approach to understand the optical excitation and detection mechanisms for the vibrations of plasmonic nanostructures.
Deformable Octahedron Burrowing Robot (2012)

This paper explores the use of a deformable octahedron robot as an alternative for the autonomous exploration of complex confined spaces, voids and tunneling structures. Current robotic platforms lack the capabilities for adapting their shape when moving through intricate sections of cavities. We discuss the geometrical and dynamical properties of a deformable octahedral platform. We use real and simulated robots to test and synthesize locomotion controllers that allow our robots to travel along different portions of a tunneling test bed. Evolutionary methods allow us to automatically produce controllers for in-pipe motion. We demonstrate the capabilities of peristaltic locomotion, different modes of deformation and volumetric adaptation. An evaluation of motion capabilities inside pipe elbows and branches is performed. Our results suggest that this type of deformable robot has a potential for travelling along confined spaces.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Phenyl‐3H‐imidazo(4,5‐b)pyridine‐3‐acetamides as Non‐Benzodiazepine Anticonvulsants and Anxiolytics. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Soft Tube-Climbing Robot (2017)

This article demonstrates a pneumatically actuated soft robot capable of navigating the inside of a tube. This robot was built using buckling pneumatic actuators (vacuum-actuated muscle-inspired pneumatic structures, or VAMPs). The tube climber can navigate through a tube with turns, inclines, and varying diameters. The robot is also able to remove obstacles (of more than 10 times its own weight) from tubes to perform a clearing function. It maintains climbing and clearing performance in wet conditions and under water. The tube climber is lightweight and completely soft and thus has the potential to be collaborative (i.e., work with humans) and also to interact safely with delicate environments.