gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Threshold-sensitivity minimization of short-channel MOSFET's by computer simulation (1980)

This paper describes an approach to reducing short-channel effects in small-dimension MOSFET's, with emphasis focused on the geometrical channel structure along a gate. To minimize threshold-voltage sensitivities, the advantage of an inhomogeneous channel structure with a highly doped region near the source is demonstrated through a theoretical analysis and extensive use of a two-dimensional device simulation. This structure, which can be realized through DSA technology, obtains adequate tolerances for both the channel length and applied drain voltage in the 1-µm channel-length MOSFET; the anticipated channel-length tolerance ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Delta L</tex> ) for maintaining the threshold-voltage fluctuation to within ± 10 percent is estimated to be ± 0.25 µm when <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V_{d} = 5.0</tex> V and gate-oxide thickness <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t_{ox} = 30</tex> nm. With this tolerance, threshold sensitivity to drain voltage drops to one-third in a conventional MOSFET. In a 0.5-µm channel-length MOSFET, ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Delta L</tex> ) is estimated to be ± 0.7 µm when <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V_{d}= 3.0</tex> V.
Use of Archived Specimens in Evaluation of Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers (2009)

The development of tumor biomarkers ready for clinical use is complex. We propose a refined system for biomarker study design, conduct, analysis, and evaluation that incorporates a hierarchal level of evidence scale for tumor marker studies, including those using archived specimens. Although fully prospective randomized clinical trials to evaluate the medical utility of a prognostic or predictive biomarker are the gold standard, such trials are costly, so we discuss more efficient indirect "prospective-retrospective" designs using archived specimens. In particular, we propose new guidelines that stipulate that 1) adequate amounts of archived tissue must be available from enough patients from a prospective trial (which for predictive factors should generally be a randomized design) for analyses to have adequate statistical power and for the patients included in the evaluation to be clearly representative of the patients in the trial; 2) the test should be analytically and preanalytically validated for use with archived tissue; 3) the plan for biomarker evaluation should be completely specified in writing before the performance of biomarker assays on archived tissue and should be focused on evaluation of a single completely defined classifier; and 4) the results from archived specimens should be validated using specimens from one or more similar, but separate, studies.
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Water Harvesting from Air (2018)

Water harvesting from air in passive, adsorption-based devices holds great potential for delivering drinking water to arid regions of the world. This technology requires adsorbents that can be tailored for a maximum working capacity, temperature response, and the relative pressure range in which reversible adsorption occurs. In this respect, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising, owing to their structural diversity and the precision of their functionalization for adjusting both pore size and hydrophilicity, thereby facilitating the rational design of their water-sorption characteristics. Here, chemical and structural factors crucial for the design of hydrolytically stable MOFs for water adsorption are discussed. Prevalent water adsorption mechanisms in micro- and mesoporous MOFs alongside strategies for fine-tuning of their adsorption behavior by means of reticular chemistry are presented. Finally, an approach for the selection of promising MOFs with respect to water harvesting from air is proposed and design concepts for next-generation MOFs for application in passive adsorption-based water-harvesting devices are outlined.
Stirring Unmagnetized Plasma (2012)

A new concept for spinning unmagnetized plasma is demonstrated experimentally. Plasma is confined by an axisymmetric multicusp magnetic field and biased cathodes are used to drive currents and impart a torque in the magnetized edge. Measurements show that flow viscously couples momentum from the magnetized edge (where the plasma viscosity is small) into the unmagnetized core (where the viscosity is large) and that the core rotates as a solid body. To be effective, collisional viscosity must overcome the ion-neutral drag due to charge-exchange collisions.
Ring-closing metathesis in biphasic BMI·PF<sub>6</sub>ionic liquid/toluene medium: a powerful recyclable and environmentally friendly process (2004)

Biphasic BMI[middle dot]PF(6)/toluene solvent is a remarkably suitable and clean medium for performing olefin metathesis with a new 2nd generation ionic liquid supported-ruthenium catalyst: high levels of recyclability and reusability combined with a high reactivity were obtained with a variety of di- or tri-substituted and/or oxygen-containing dienes, and very low residual ruthenium levels were detected (1 to 22 ppm) in the products.
Epitaxial growth of In1−<i>x</i>Ga<i>x</i>Sb thin films by multitarget rf sputtering (1976)

Single-crystal epitaxial In1−xGaxSb thin films have been grown at compositions ranging from x=0 to x=1 on a variety of substrates including BaF2, NaCl, and InSb using multitarget rf sputtering. The films were deposited on rotating substrates from two targets, InSb and GaSb, with separate discharges allowing independent control of relative sputtering rates. Alloy-film composition was determined by Auger spectroscopy using bulk standards. The results agreed very well with predicted values calculated from a simple theory which is presented in this paper. Within experimental error, measured lattice constants were found to vary linearly with alloy-film composition. The amorphous to polycrystalline to single-crystal growth transition temperatures were found to increase with Ga concentration in the films. Single-crystal InSb films were obtained at substrate temperatures as low as 150 °C. High dislocation densities were observed in In-rich films due to large film-substrate lattice mismatch. Thermoelectric measurements indicated that In-rich films were n type while Ga-rich films were p type with the n-to-p crossover occurring at approximately In0.58Ga0.42Sb. In addition to homogeneous alloy films, intercalated structures consisting of thin (∼100 Å) alternating layers of InSb/GaSb/InSb... were grown, as well as films which were chemically graded from pure InSb to pure GaSb.
An Investigation of Dynamic Responses and Head Injuries of Standing Subway Passengers during Collisions (2018)

With the development of the subway and the pressing demand of environmentally friendly transportation, more and more people travel by subway. In recent decades, the issues about passenger passive safety on the train have received extensive attention. In this research, the head injury of a standing passenger in the subway is investigated. Three MADYMO models of the different standing passenger postures, defined as baseline scenarios, are numerically set up. HIC<sub>15</sub> values of passengers with different postures are gained by systematic parametric studies. The injury numerical simulation results of various scenarios with different friction coefficients, collision acceleration, standing angle, horizontal handrail height, and ring handrail height are analyzed. Results show that the horizontal handrail provides better protection in the three different standing passenger postures. Different friction coefficients and the standing angle have great impact on the head injuries of passengers in three different scenarios. The handrail height also has some effects on head injury of passengers with different standing postures, so it is necessary to be considered when designing the interior layout of the subway. This study may provide guidance for the safety design of the subway and some advices for standing subway passengers.
Shape Measurement of Steel Strips Using a Laser-Based Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Technique (2011)

Quality control is of utmost importance in the metal industry. It requires online measurement and inspection systems which provide precise feedback to closed-loop controllers in industrial facilities. In rolled products, shape is one of the main quality criteria. In this paper, a low-cost real-time 3-D shape measurement system for long flat (FL)-rolled products based on laser triangulation is proposed. The system provides online measurements of two geometrical features of the shape of rolled products: flatness and width. The proposed system is based on 3-D surface reconstruction of rolled products with which flatness can be measured accurately and continuously across the whole width of the strip. Three-dimensional surface reconstruction provides highly accurate width measurements not only of FL products, as do most other systems, but also of non-FL products. The accuracy of the laser extraction method used to reconstruct the surface of the rolled products is evaluated, as well as the online performance of the system.
Breath Analysis: The Approach Towards Clinical Applications (2007)

Exhaled breath analysis for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring is described with special reference to the techniques used and the underlying chemistry and physics involved. Brief outlines are given of the research carried out to date, and prospects for the future of this potentially valuable non-invasive technique are indicated.
Topology and target interaction of the fusicoccin‐binding 14‐3‐3 homologs of <i>Commelina communis</i> (1997)

Upon binding to a high‐affinity plasma membrane (PM) protein (a member of the 14‐3‐3 family of regulatory proteins), the fungal phytotoxin fusicoccin (FC) activates the H + ‐ ATPase by hindering the inhibitory interaction of the enzyme’s C‐terminus with its catalytic site. Protease protection experiments carried out with sealed PM vesicles of different orientation proved that the FC‐binding site faces the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The in vivo induced activation of the H + ‐ATPase by FC was retained during solubilization of PM proteins. Two‐dimensional gel systems combining a native separation of membrane protein complexes with a denaturing dimension as well as high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography proved the existence of a labile ATPase:14‐3‐3 complex in plasma membranes. Stabilization of this complex could be achieved by FC treatment in vivo or in vitro . Mild proteolytic removal of the C‐terminal auto‐inhibitory domain of the H + ATPase liberated apparent hydrophobic 14‐3‐3 isoforms from the membrane in soluble form. During size exclusion chromatography of the proteolytically released proteins, co‐elution of 14‐3‐3 dimers, protein‐bound FC and the C‐terminus of the H + ATPase was observed. Moreover, the data suggest that 14‐3‐3 dimers themselves are not able to bind FC. Based on these results, it is proposed that the ‘FC receptor’ is represented by a labile complex between a 14‐3‐3 dimer and the H + ‐ATPase whose formation is part of a mechanism regulating ATPase‐activity under physiological conditions. In our working model, binding of FC stabilizes this labile complex, thus leading to a strong and persistent activation of the H + ‐ATPase in vivo . The possibility that the C‐terminus of the enzyme represents the binding domain for 14‐3‐3 homologs is discussed.
Evaluation of a Medical Student Research and Career Development Program to Increase Diversity in Academic Medicine (2019)

An innovative program for URM medical students participating in mentored research was successful in supporting academic career interest and academic self-efficacy. Schools motivated to increase diversity in academic medicine should consider adapting PROF-PATH.
Tumor-Specific Bacteriophages Induce Tumor Destruction through Activation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2009)

We recently reported that administration of tumor-specific bacteriophages initiates infiltration of neutrophilic granulocytes with subsequent regression of established B16 tumors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the mechanism of action of bacteriophage-induced tumor regression and to examine possible stimulatory effects of bacteriophages on macrophages. We observed that the mechanism of phage-induced tumor regression is TLR dependent as no signs of tumor destruction or neutrophil infiltration were observed in tumors in MyD88(-/-) mice in which TLR signaling is abolished. The microenvironment of bacteriophage-treated tumors was further analyzed by gene profiling through applying a low-density array preferentially designed to detect genes expressed by activated APCs, which demonstrated that the M2-polarized tumor microenvironment switched to a more M1-polarized milieu following phage treatment. Bacteriophage stimulation induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in both normal mouse macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and increased expression of molecules involved in Ag presentation and costimulation. Furthermore, mouse neutrophils selectively migrated toward mediators secreted by bacteriophage-stimulated TAMs. Under these conditions, the neutrophils also exhibited increased cytotoxicity toward B16 mouse melanoma target cells. These results describe a close interplay of the innate immune system in which bacteriophages, located to the tumor microenvironment due to their specificity, stimulate TAMs to secrete factors that promote recruitment of neutrophils and potentiate neutrophil-mediated tumor destruction.
Domed Fresnel lens concentrator technology for space application (1989)

Over the past three years, NASA Lewis and Entech, Inc. have been investigating the use of high efficiency refractive photovoltaic concentrators for use in space. The design currently under investigation uses a square domed Fresnel lens to focus light on a GaAs concentrator cell. A prismatic cell cover, which directs light away from the front contacts and thus eliminates metalization losses, is applied to the top of the GaAs cell to further enhance array efficiency. The latest experimental results based on testing the GaAs cell/prism cover assembly at standard and operating conditions are presented.
The influence of soil properties on the performance of underground pipelines (1984)

This thesis was digitised for the purposes of Document Delivery. It is not available on open access and access is restricted. The item may be requested on Interlibrary Loan or viewed in the Rare Book Library at the University of Sydney. If you are the author of this work and would like it to be made available on open access please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au
Dual polarised microstrip patch antenna with high port isolation (2007)

A probe fed stacked microstrip patch antenna for operation in dual polarisation mode is proposed. A slot loaded lower patch is presented to improve isolation between the two polarisation ports. Simulations and measurements show two linear polarisations with an isolation of more than 30 dB within the band 2.5–2.7 GHz. A return loss of −10 dB is achieved within the above-mentioned bandwidth for the proposed antenna. The radiation pattern for the antenna is similar to that of a conventional microstrip antenna and the measured cross-polar level is 16.5 dB below the peak co-polar level within the band 2.5–2.7 GHz.
Honeybee Blue- and Ultraviolet-Sensitive Opsins: Cloning, Heterologous Expression in<i>Drosophila</i>, and Physiological Characterization (1998)

The honeybee (Apis mellifera) visual system contains three classes of retinal photoreceptor cells that are maximally sensitive to light at 440 nm (blue), 350 nm (ultraviolet), and 540 nm (green). We performed a PCR-based screen to identify the genes encoding the Apis blue- and ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive opsins. We obtained cDNAs that encode proteins having a high degree of sequence and structural similarity to other invertebrate and vertebrate visual pigments. The Apis blue opsin cDNA encodes a protein of 377 amino acids that is most closely related to other invertebrate visual pigments that are thought to be blue-sensitive. The UV opsin cDNA encodes a protein of 371 amino acids that is most closely related to the UV-sensitive Drosophila Rh3 and Rh4 opsins. To test whether these novel Apis opsin genes encode functional visual pigments and to determine their spectral properties, we expressed them in the R1-6 photoreceptor cells of blind ninaE mutant Drosophila, which lack the major opsin of the fly compound eye. We found that the expression of either the Apis blue- or UV-sensitive opsin in transgenic flies rescued the visual defect of ninaE mutants, indicating that both genes encode functional visual pigments. Spectral sensitivity measurements of these flies demonstrated that the blue and UV visual pigments are maximally sensitive to light at 439 and 353 nm, respectively. These maxima are in excellent agreement with those determined previously by single-cell recordings from Apis photoreceptor cells and provide definitive evidence that the genes described here encode visual pigments having blue and UV sensitivity.
COPANLISIB IN COMBINATION WITH ANTI‐PD‐1 INDUCES REGRESSION IN ANIMAL TUMOR MODELS INSENSITIVE OR RESISTANT TO THE MONOTHERAPIES OF PI3K AND CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS (2017)

Introduction: The PI3K pathway is activated in many cancers, yet the ability of PI3K inhibitors to induce tumor cell death is limited. On top of directly targeting tumor cells, the efficacy of PI3K inhibition can also derive from modulating the tumor microenvironment. It has been shown that inhibition of PI3Kδ or PI3Kγ led to anti-tumor activity via targeting regulatory T cells (Treg) and immuno-suppressive myeloid cells, respectively. However, the overall outcomes of inhibiting PI3K (isoforms) signaling in different subtypes of immune cells during development and activation are still to be elucidated. Furthermore, it has been shown that cancer cell–intrinsic activation of PI3K is associated with resistance to immune checkpoint blockers (ICB). Therefore, combination strategies of ICB and PI3K inhibitors with different isoform profiles should be investigated. Methods: Copanlisib, a predominant PI3Ka/d inhibitor, was administered on an intermittent intravenous dosing schedule. Flow cytometric analysis was performed using fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; anti-CD19, anti-CD45, anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-FOXP3, anti-CD206, anti-F4-80, GR-1, anti-CD49B, anti-PD-L1, anti-CD11b, anti-PD-1, and anti-INFg) and IA-IE dye from Biolegend, BD, eBioscience and Invitrogen. IHC analysis was performed to investigate the interaction of immune cells and tumor/tumor stromal cells. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using MSD Multiplex assays. The anti-tumor efficacy was investigated in mouse syngeneic xenograft tumor models. Results: In the A20 DLBCL syngeneic mouse model with tumor intrinsic regulation of the immunosuppressive environment, treatment of copanlisib resulted in effective down regulation of tumor-infiltrating Tregs and an increase of INFg+ CD44+ cells in tumors. Consequently, partial responses (PRs) were observed in 75% of mice treated with copanlisib in combination with a surrogate anti-mouse PD-1 (aPD-1, BioXCell) compared to 0% PR in the monotherapy groups. In an aPD-1-insensitive non-MSIhigh CT26 CRC model, combination treatment of copanlisib and aPD-1 led to complete tumor regression and thereafter no tumor growth in a re-challenge study conducted 3 months after stopping treatment. This result indicates that copanlisib and an aPD-1 combination can generate tumor specific memory T cells and prevent tumor recurrence. The detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms by which PI3K inhibitor copanlisib modulates immune cells and inhibits tumor survival will be presented. Conclusions: In contrast to monotherapies, copanlisib in combination with ICB has the potential to overcome resistance and induce responses by directly targeting tumors and by stimulating anti-tumor immune responses. Keywords: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); PI3K/AKT/mTOR.
Cotranslational Membrane Insertion of the Serine Proteinase Precursor NS2B-NS3(Pro) of Dengue Virus Type 2 Is Required for Efficient in Vitro Processing and Is Mediated through the Hydrophobic Regions of NS2B (1997)

Polyprotein processing of dengue virus type 2, a positive strand RNA virus, is carried out by the host signal peptidase and a novel two-component viral proteinase of the serine proteinase family, NS2B/NS3(Pro), in the endoplasmic reticulum. Using an in vitro processing system, we examined the cis and trans cleavages of the 2B/3 and 4B/5 sites by NS2B/NS3(Pro), respectively. Lysates of BHK-21 cells coexpressing NS2B and NS3(Pro) mediated trans cleavage of the 4B/5 site in vitro, and the protease activity was associated with the membrane fraction. To study the role of membranes in the protease activity of NS2B/NS3(Pro), labeled precursors, NS2B-NS3(Pro), and the mutant ndNS2B-NS3(Pro) in which the functional hydrophilic domain of NS2B was deleted, were analyzed using a coupled in vitro transcription/translation system (TnT). The results showed that cotranslational addition of microsomal membranes to the TnT reaction markedly enhanced the cis cleavage of the 2B/3 site in a dose-dependent manner. NS2B synthesized in the presence of membranes also facilitated trans cleavage of the 2B/3 site in the mutant precursor. The cleavage products, NS2B and NS3(Pro), were membrane-associated. Furthermore, this membrane requirement was dictated by the hydrophobic regions of NS2B. Deletion of hydrophobic regions of NS2B, leaving only the conserved hydrophilic domain of 40 amino acids, resulted in highly efficient processing of the 2B-3 site in vitro in the absence of microsomal membranes.
Protein arginine methylation of non-histone proteins and its role in diseases (2013)

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes that can methylate arginine residues on histones and other proteins. PRMTs play a crucial role in influencing various cellular functions, including cellular development and tumorigenesis. Arginine methylation by PRMTs is found on both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Recently, there is increasing evidence regarding post-translational modifications of non-histone proteins by PRMTs, illustrating the previously unknown importance of PRMTs in the regulation of various cellular functions by post-translational modifications. In this review, we present the recent developments in the regulation of non-histone proteins by PRMTs.