gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SCALE-UP THE USE OF A MICROBUBBLE DISPERSION TO INCREASE OXYGEN TRANSFER IN AEROBIC FERMENTATION OF BAKER'S YEAST (1997)

A microbubble dispersion (MBD) was used to supply oxygen for an aerobic fermentation of Baker's yeast. The 1-liter microbubble dispersion generator supplied bubbles for 20-liter and 50-liter working volume fermentations in a 72-liter pilot scale fermenter. The microbubbles were stabilized by the surfactants naturally present in the culturing broth medium. The growth patterns of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cultured at agitation speeds of 150 rpm and 500 rpm, were compared for oxygen supplied by ordinary air sparging and by MBD sparging. Both air sparged and MBD systems were supplied air at equivalent volumetric flow rates. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficients (KLa) were estimated by the yield coefficient method. The KLa values increased from 142.5 to 458.3 h-1 and from 136.1 to 473.3 h-1 for 20- and 50- liter runs, respectively, as the agitation speed was increased from 150 to 500 rpm in the ordinary air sparged fermentations. The oxygen transfer coefficients in the MBD sparged fermentations were found to be independent of the fermenter agitation speed at approximately 480 h-1 for 20-liter runs and 340 h-1 for 50-liter runs. The growth rates for MBD at 150 rpm were essentially equivalent with air sparged fermentations at 500 rpm. The total power consumption per unit volume of broth for the 150 rpm, MBD fermentation was 68% lower than the 500 rpm, air sparged run for the 20-liter fermentations and was 55% lower for the 50-liter fermentations.
Ground-Noise Reduction Systems (1941)

This paper is not a discussion of any specific commercial ground-noise reduction system, but rather of general principles, and is an effort to formulate a statement of the desired characteristics of a ground-noise reduction system, in terms of such factors as promptness of opening, peak reading, and filtering. In this it is assumed that anticipation is not employed. It is desirable to limit the filtering to a single stage of resistance-capacity filtering (or equivalent). Slow closing helps filtering and peak reading. The better the peak-reading properties of the circuit and the less the filtering delay, the smaller can the margins be made without causing too frequent clipping. — A number of circuits are discussed which have been proposed for improving the filtering without sacrificing quickness of opening or reasonably rapid closing. — In some operations, anticipation is entirely practicable, and if this is done, it appears possible to provide an almost perfect envelope current.
An approach to speaker adaptation based on analytic functions (2002)

We formulate a novel approach to speaker adaptation. It is predicated upon the fact that the cepstral coefficients used as feature vectors in most state of the art speech recognition systems are coefficients of a Laurent series, and hence represent an analytic function of a complex-valued argument. This analytic function can be characterized by several poles and zeros in the complex plane corresponding to spectral peaks and nulls, respectively. Speaker adaptation can be viewed as the estimation of a function that warps the complex plane in such a way that the pole/zero locations for a target speaker are mapped onto their counterparts in the speaker-independent model.
Data mining based network intrusion detection system: A database centric approach (2012)

Network security technology has become crucial in protecting government and industry computing infrastructure. Modern intrusion detection applications face complex requirements — they need to be reliable, extensible, easy to manage, and have low maintenance cost. In recent years, data mining — based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have demonstrated high accuracy, good generalization to novel types of intrusion, and robust behaviour in a changing environment. Still, significant challenges exist in design and implementation of production quality IDSs. Instrumenting components such as data transformations, model deployment, and cooperative distributed detection remain a labour intensive and complex engineering endeavour. This paper describes a database centric architecture that leverages data mining with .NET to address these challenges. It also offers numerous advantages in terms of alert infrastructure, security, scalability, reliability and also has data analysis tools. The database centric architecture is illustrated with a Data mining Based Intrusion detection system application prototype using .NET.
Radical Scavenging Activity of the Japanese Traditional Food, Amazake (2011)

The traditional Japanese beverage amazake was evaluated as a possible treatment for oxidative stress. For this purpose, the radical scavenging activities of four kinds of amazake were investigated by determining diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical, galvinoxyl radical and superoxide anion radical quenching activities using a spectrophotometric method and an electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. ESR measurements were used to assess the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity by employing dimethylpyrroline N-oxide as a spin trapping reagent. The ferricyanide-reducing activity and chelating activity were evaluated spectroscopically. The results indicated that amazake made from brown rice had stronger radical scavenging, metal chelating and metal reducing activities than amazake produced from white rice and sake cake (by-product of sake).
Feeding behavior and ruminal acidosis in beef cattle offered a total mixed ration or dietary components separately1 (2010)

Eighty continental crossbred beef heifers (414.9 ± 37.9 kg of BW), 16 of which were ruminally cannulated, were used in a 52-d experiment with a generalized randomized block design, to assess if self-selection of dietary ingredients modulates ruminal pH and improves rumen function of feedlot finishing cattle. Treatments were total mixed ration [TMR; 85% barley grain (BG), 10% corn silage (CS), 5% supplement]; or free-choice (self-selection; FC) diets of barley grain and corn silage (BGCS), barley grain and wheat distillers grain (BGDG), or corn silage and wheat distillers grain (CSDG). Heifers were housed in groups of 10 in 8 pens equipped with the GrowSafe System (Airdrie, AB, Canada) enabling feed intake and feeding behavior to be continuously monitored. Two cannulated heifers were randomly assigned to each pen and equipped with indwelling pH probes for continuous measurement of ruminal pH during 4 periods (d 1 to 4, d 7 to 14, d 21 to 28, and d 42 to 49). Rumen fluid samples were collected from cannulated heifers on d 7 and 42 before feed delivery, and on d 4 and 49 at 2 h post-feed delivery for determination of VFA. Heifers fed the TMR had shorter (P = 0.01) and smaller (P = 0.03) meals than those fed the FC diets. Cattle fed BGCS and BGDG increased (P < 0.01) intake of BG over time by up to 80 and 70%, respectively. Increased consumption of BG arose from an increase (P < 0.01) in eating rate over the same (P > 0.10) feeding time, which was accompanied by an increase (P < 0.05) in eating rate but a decrease (P < 0.05) in feeding time of either CS or DG. Even with increased BG consumption, ruminal pH and VFA profiles were not different (P > 0.10) among FC diets or compared with the TMR. Cattle fed FC CSDG consumed DG at 60% of dietary DM over the trial, resulting in greater (P < 0.05) mean ruminal pH and acetate-to-propionate ratio and less (P < 0.05) area under the curve than those given the other FC diets or the TMR. Finishing feedlot cattle fed FC diets containing BG self-regulate intake of diets that have a similar composition, intake level, and ruminal fermentation profile to those fed a TMR.
Anti-C5 Antibody Tesidolumab Reduces Early Antibody-mediated Rejection and Prolongs Survival in Renal Xenotransplantation (2021)

Inhibition of the C5 complement subunit prolongs renal xenotransplant survival in a pig to non-human primate model.
Studies on Quinoline Derivatives. Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of N1-(2-Aryl/Styryl-6-acetylquinolino )N3 -arylureas/thioureas/N4-H-arylthiosemicarbazides (1993)

Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005 <em>Manuscript received 11 September 1991, revised 20 August 1992, accepted 5 March 1993</em> Studies on Quinoline Derivatives. Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of <em>N</em><sup>1</sup>-(2-Aryl/Styryl-6-acetylquinolino )<em>N</em><sup>3</sup> -arylureas/thioureas/<em>N</em><sup>4</sup> -<em>H</em>-arylthiosemicarbazides
Human papillomaviruses and skin cancer. (1992)

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced skin warts are classically benign lesions. However an association between specific HPV types and skin cancer becomes obvious in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). The analysis of this disease suggests that lesions infected with HPV types 5 and 8 carry a high risk of developing squamous cell carcinomas. The oncogenes of EV-viruses appear to be E6 and E2, rather than E7. The 'high risk' EV-viruses, HPV 5, 8, and 47, differ from related HPV types in the transforming activity of the E6 gene and in the density of positive transcription control elements in the non-coding region (NCR) of the genome. The extrachromosomal viral DNA in cancers may show deletions affecting regulatory sequences. EV-specific lesions occasionally occur in immunosuppressed patients and HPV 5 or 8 persist in some of the skin cancers to which these patients are prone. DNAs of HPV 2, 16, 34, or 41 were identified in few premalignant and malignant skin tumors of the general population.
Localization of atoms in a three-dimensional standing wave (1990)

We have used a heterodyne technique to observe the spectrum of resonance fluorescence from sodium atoms in optical molasses. The spectra show a very narrow feature which we attribute to Dicke narrowing of the fluorescence from atoms localized to less than an optical wavelength in three-dimensional standing-wave potential wells.
Design and implementation of neural networks for digital current regulation of inverter drives (2002)

A discussion is presented of the design of one, two, and three layer neural networks for digital current regulation of the inverter drives. The learning requirements of various designs are evaluated by developing two different learning techniques for such inverter current regulators. The models and learning techniques have been investigated by simulation. These simulation results along with design considerations are used to determine the network best suited for this application. The implementation of neural networks is described, and experimental results are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Possibilities of the combined use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and sulfhydryl compounds in radioprotection. (1991)

The combined preirradiation administration of indomethacin and cystamine was found to enhance synergistically the recovery of hemopoiesis in sublethally gamma-irradiated mice. This effect can be explained by a common operation of two mechanisms of radioprotection, i.e. of an increased survival of hemopoietic stem cells due to cystamine action and of stimulatory effects of indomethacin on the proliferation of surviving cells, mediated by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Attempts to prove such enhancement of protective effects on irradiated mice in terms of postirradiation lethality were unsuccessful. The reason seems to be the influence of toxic effects of the indomethacin-cystamine combination on the gastrointestinal tract. When using the less toxic combination, i.e. diclofenac and WR-2721, the additivity of protective effects is manifested even in the survival of lethally irradiated mice. The results suggest that under suitable conditions avoiding the unfavourable toxic effects, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be successfully used with the aim to enhance the efficiency of sulfhydryl radioprotectors.
<i>Agrobacterium</i> T‐DNA gene <i>1</i> codes for tryptophan 2‐monooxygenase activity in tobacco crown gall cells (1986)

Cloned tobacco crown gall tissue induced by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 T‐DNA mutant pGV3132, defective for the T‐DNA‐encoded amihydrolase ( iaa H), accumulates about 1000‐times more indole‐3‐acet‐amide (IAM) when compared to untransformed tobacco callus and crown gall tissue induced by a T‐DNA mutant defective for gene 1 . In vitro experiments demonstrated that this IAM accumulation is correlated with the active conversion of Trp into IAM. The results presented in this report provide biochemical evidence that the T‐DNA gene 1 encodes a tryptophan 2‐monooxygenase ( iaa M) activity in transformed plant cells. This gene cooperates with the gene 2‐encoded amidohydrolase ( iaa H) in the T‐DNA‐controlled indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis pathway in crown gall cells.
Multimodal and Crossmodal Representation Learning from Textual and Visual Features with Bidirectional Deep Neural Networks for Video Hyperlinking (2016)

Video hyperlinking represents a classical example of multimodal problems. Common approaches to such problems are early fusion of the initial modalities and crossmodal translation from one modality to the other. Recently, deep neural networks, especially deep autoencoders, have proven promising both for crossmodal translation and for early fusion via multimodal embedding. A particular architecture, bidirectional symmetrical deep neural networks, have been proven to yield improved multimodal embeddings over classical autoencoders, while also being able to perform crossmodal translation. In this work, we focus firstly at evaluating good single-modal continuous representations both for textual and for visual information. Word2Vec and paragraph vectors are evaluated for representing collections of words, such as parts of automatic transcripts and multiple visual concepts, while different deep convolutional neural networks are evaluated for directly embedding visual information, avoiding the creation of visual concepts. Secondly, we evaluate methods for multimodal fusion and crossmodal translation, with different single-modal pairs, in the task of video hyperlinking. Bidirectional (symmetrical) deep neural networks were shown to successfully tackle downsides of multimodal autoencoders and yield a superior multimodal representation. In this work, we extensively tests them in different settings, with different single-modal representations, within the context of video-hyperlinking. Our novel bidirectional symmetrical deep neural networks are compared to classical autoencoders and are shown to yield significantly improved multimodal embeddings that significantly (alpha=0.0001) outperform multimodal embeddings obtained by deep autoencoders with an absolute improvement in precision at 10 of 14.1% when embedding visual concepts and automatic transcripts and an absolute improvement of 4.3% when embedding automatic transcripts with features obtained with very deep convolutional neural networks, yielding 80% of precision at 10.
Infrared transillumination using photography and television (videodioscopy) (1981)

Renewed interest in transillumination in medicine has resulted in the development of new techniques of breast examination as well as many other procedures. The transparent nature of human tissue in the near infrared has led to the use of infrared photography for breast studies. This article reports on the development of infrared techniques in several transillumination studies using television (videodioscopy) as well as photography as the recording medium.
Furnace formation of silicon oxynitride thin dielectrics in nitrous oxide (N2O): The role of nitric oxide (NO) (1994)

We have studied the growth kinetics of the N2O furnace oxynitridation process demonstrating the importance of input flow rate, and therefore gas residence time, in determining the final film thickness and the nitrogen concentration. This dependence on residence time can explain the variation in the tendency to thickness saturation observed in the film growth data reported by several groups. Using published gas phase kinetic data, we have shown that, for a 950 °C oxynitridation process, N2O decomposes into N2, O2, and NO before reaching the wafer load. Again using published information, we have derived a simple equation which describes the subsequent reaction between NO and O2 to produce NO2 as the gas flows down the tube. This reaction results in loss of NO by an amount which depends on the gas residence time and therefore on the input gas flow rate and the dimensions of the system. Since it can be argued that NO2 does not contribute to nitridation, this system-dependent loss of NO can explain the variation in the reported film growth data. Combining our experimental data and model, we find that the peak nitrogen concentration in the film depends linearly on the NO gas phase concentration. Further, the oxynitride grows more slowly as the NO concentration increases supporting the idea that oxidation sites are blocked by nitrogen as oxynitridation time increases.
Are curved focal planes necessary for wide-field survey telescopes? (2006)

The last decade has seen significant interest in wide field of view (FOV) telescopes for sky survey and space surveillance applications. Prompted by this interest, a multitude of wide-field designs have emerged. While all designs result from optimization of competing constraints, one of the more controversial design choices is whether such telescopes require flat or curved focal planes. For imaging applications, curved focal planes are not an obvious choice. Thirty years ago with mostly analytic design tools, the solution to wide-field image quality appeared to be curved focal planes. Today however, with computer aided optimization, high image quality can be achieved over flat focal surfaces. For most designs, the small gains in performance offered by curved focal planes are more than offset by the complexities and cost of curved CCDs. Modern design techniques incorporating reflective and refractive correctors appear to make a curved focal surface an unnecessary complication. Examination of seven current, wide FOV projects (SDSS, MMT, DCT, LSST, PanStarrs, HyperSuprime and DARPA SST) suggests there is little to be gained from a curved focal plane. The one exception might be the HyperSuprime instrument where performance goals are severely stressing refractive prime-focus corrector capabilities.
An Improved Method of Reducing Stimulus Artifact in the Electrically Evoked Whole-Nerve Potential (2000)

Consideration should be given to implementing our modified forward-masking artifact reduction scheme, because it introduces less distortion of the EAP waveform and accordingly provides for more accurate assessment of the refractory properties of the electrically stimulated nerve.
Serological evidence of SV40 infections in HIV-infected and HIV-negative adults (1998)

SV40 is a simian polyomavirus that was a contaminant of some viral vaccines administered to people between 1955 and 1962. SV40 DNA has recently been found associated with several types of human tumors, suggesting that the virus is present in humans. We examined sera from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as well as from HIV-1-negative controls to determine the prevalence of SV40 neutralizing antibodies using a specific plaque reduction assay. We found that 16.1% of HIV-infected patients (n = 236) were seropositive for SV40, as compared to 12.0% of HIV-negative control volunteers (n = 108) and 11.1% of HIV-negative patients (n = 72). These differences were not statistically significant. As individuals born between 1941 and 1962 had the highest chance of having received SV40-contaminated poliovaccines, we analyzed SV40 seropositivity rates based on year of birth. SV40 antibody rates for HIV-infected patients born before 1941, between 1941 and 1962, and after 1962 were 17.1%, 16.3%, and 11.8%, respectively. For the HIV-negative subjects, the rates were 12.5%, 12.0%, and 9.7%, respectively. There was no correlation between SV40 seropositivity and either the stage of disease in HIV-infected patients or the race/ethnicity. Also, there was no correlation between the presence of SV40 neutralizing antibody and the titer of neutralizing antibody to human polyomavirus BKV. The SV40 seropositivity rates in the patients born between 1941 and 1962 may be explained by the likelihood of those individuals having received SV40-contaminated vaccines, but the detection of SV40 neutralizing antibody in individuals born after 1962 (with no risk of having received contaminated vaccines) is significant. Although cross-reactive antibodies might theoretically contribute to the observed reactivities, these results suggest that SV40 neutralizing antibodies are present in certain individuals and raise the possibility that SV40 continues to infect humans long after vaccines were freed from contamination.
The story of world rowing (1992)

In this panoramic book the author traces the evolution of rowing from the Vikings and Venetians to the modern era of top-flight coaching and international competition. Rowing has come a long way since 168 oarsman hauled the Doge of Venice along in his golden barge, or since Cambridge crews floated about in the days of British amateurism. This century has seen rowing as a sport transformed by the impact of scientific methods and great coaches, and by the crushing dominance of the East Germans. Competitive and amateur rowing has many of its origins in Britain and the author examines the development of some of the great events such as Henley Royal Regatta, the Olympic Games and the European and World Championships. author is the Rowing and Deputy Features Editor of The Guardian newspaper.
Cookie-Based CDN Security Authorization Design (2011)

The paper describes the principle of content delivery network (CDN) architecture and CDN's access control for security feature. It lists 4 methods to implement access control and designs one of these methods: cookie-based centralized authorization. To avoid the drawbacks of centralized authorization, it is improved using cookie-based edge authorization. The summary is made at the end of the paper.
Enzymatic Reduction of Iron Oxide by Fungi (1969)

The occurrence of the iron-reducing phenomenon among some common fungi was studied. Results indicated that (i) the reduction of ferric iron to the ferrous state by fungi seems to be restricted to nitrate reductase-inducible strains such as Actinomucor repens, Alternaria tenuis, Fusarium oxysporum, and F. solani and (ii) the amount of dissolved ferrous iron may be reduced progressively by increasing the amount of nitrate added to the medium. Compared with a complex medium (Sabouraud medium), less iron became reduced if NO(3) was the only nitrogen source (Czapek Dox medium). These data strongly support the view that ferric iron is acting as an hydrogen acceptor in respiration, competing with nitrate for electrons that are mediated by the enzyme nitrate reductase. The significance of this property from an ecological viewpoint is discussed.