gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor Alkyl Ether Lipid Edelfosine: Tissue Distribution and Pharmacokinetic Behavior in Healthy and Tumor-Bearing Immunosuppressed Mice (2009)

Our results show that edelfosine is widely scattered across different organs, but it is preferentially internalized by the tumor both in vitro and in vivo. Our data, together with the apoptotic action of the drug on cancer cells, support a rather selective action of edelfosine in cancer treatment, and that multiple oral administration is required to increase oral bioavailability.
Software Defined Elastic Optical Networks for Cloud Computing (2016)

This article discusses prospects and challenges of software defined elastic optical networking for grid and cloud computing environments. We exploit OpenFlow-based unified network control and management for both intra- and inter-data- center networks embedded in the cloud. The intra-data-center network is a fiber-rich environment. Therefore, we assume a flattened optical switching architecture using arrayed waveguide grating routers with fixed spectrum grid. For the inter-data-center network, spectral resources are more precious between the distributed long-haul fiber connections. Therefore, we assume elastic optical networks with flexible grid to achieve high spectral efficiency. This article discusses the elasticity of the multi-data-center cloud computing environment, which includes both fixed-grid and flexible-grid optical networks, and introduces a unified, software defined network control plane based on OpenFlow technologies.
Development and Validation of 4 Different Rat Models of Uncontrolled Hemorrhage (2015)

We established and validated the reproducibility of 4 different rat models of uncontrolled hemorrhage. These models provide a foundation to design novel nonsurgical therapies to control hemorrhage, and the different degrees of hemorrhagic shock produced from these models allow for flexibility in experimental design.
Phosphodiesterase 1A Modulates Cystogenesis in Zebrafish (2014)

Substantial evidence indicates the importance of elevated cAMP in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Accumulation of cAMP in cystic tissues may be, in part, caused by enhanced adenylyl cyclase activity, but inhibition of cAMP degradation by phosphodiesterases (PDE) likely has an important role, because cAMP is inactivated much faster than it is synthesized. PDE1 is the only PDE family activated by Ca(2+), which is reduced in PKD cells. To assess the contribution of the PDE1A subfamily to renal cyst formation, we examined the expression and function of PDE1A in zebrafish. We identified two splice isoforms with alternative starts corresponding to human PDE1A1 and PDE1A4. Expression of the two isoforms varied in embryos and adult tissues, and both isoforms hydrolyzed cAMP with Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependence. Depletion of PDE1A in zebrafish embryos using splice- and translation-blocking morpholinos (MOs) caused pronephric cysts, hydrocephalus, and body curvature. Human PDE1A RNA and the PKA inhibitors, H89 and Rp-cAMPS, partially rescued phenotypes of pde1a morphants. Additionally, MO depletion of PDE1A aggravated phenotypes in pkd2 morphants, causing more severe body curvature, and human PDE1A RNA partially rescued pkd2 morphant phenotypes, pronephric cysts, hydrocephalus, and body curvature. Together, these data indicate the integral role of PDE1A and cAMP signaling in renal development and cystogenesis, imply that PDE1A activity is altered downstream of polycystin-2, and suggest that PDE1A is a viable drug target for PKD.
Learning from incomplete data with infinite imputations (2008)

We address the problem of learning decision functions from training data in which some attribute values are unobserved.This problem can arise, for instance, when training data is aggregated from multiple sources, and some sources record only a subset of attributes.We derive a generic joint optimization problem in which the distribution governing the missing values is a free parameter.We show that the optimal solution concentrates the density mass on finitely many imputations, and provide a corresponding algorithm for learning from incomplete data.We report on empirical results on benchmark data, and on the email spam application that motivates our work.
High-power coupled large-cavity lasers and multiactive light-emitting diodes (2001)

For increasing laser diode (LD) output power, improving laser beam quality and enhancing the light emitting diode (LED) brightness, the coupled large optical cavity semiconductor lasers and multi-active LEDs with tunneling- regenerated current transport have been presented and experimented. Both the external and differential quantum efficiency and both the LD's output power and LED's brightness are together increasing approximately with the number of the active regions. The very high power Lds and and the very high brightness LEDs working the low injecting current and also the fundamental mode stimulated light with good beam quality have been achieved in our laboratory.
Traffic Pattern Prediction and Performance Investigation for Cognitive Radio Systems (2008)

In this paper, we propose a technique for predicting the traffic pattern of primary users in cognitive radio systems. Cognitive radios enable sharing the frequency bands that are licensed to primary users. By forecasting the traffic pattern of primary users, secondary users can estimate the utilization of frequency bands and select one for radio transmission to reduce the frequency hopping rate (the rate of switching from one frequency band to another) and the interference effects, while maintaining a reasonable blocking rate. In this work, we propose an algorithm for the prediction of call arrival rate which exploits the periodicity of the traffic process. In addition, we present an approach for call holding time estimation. The results are incorporated to evaluate the probability of the availability of a frequency band within a time period. Setting a threshold on this probability maintains a tradeoff between the blocking rate of secondary users, interference effects on primary users and spectrum efficiency. Simulations are conducted to investigate the performance of cognitive radio systems with and without traffic prediction.
Fitting tree metrics: Hierarchical clustering and Phylogeny (2005)

Given dissimilarity data on pairs of objects in a set, we study the problem of fitting a tree metric to this data so as to minimize additive error (i.e. some measure of the difference between the tree metric and the given data). This problem arises in constructing an M-level hierarchical clustering of objects (or an ultrametric on objects) so as to match the given dissimilarity data - a basic problem in statistics. Viewed in this way, the problem is a generalization of the correlation clustering problem (which corresponds to M = 1). We give a very simple randomized combinatorial algorithm for the M-level hierarchical clustering problem that achieves an approximation ratio of M+2. This is a generalization of a previous factor 3 algorithm for correlation clustering on complete graphs. The problem of fitting tree metrics also arises in phylogeny where the objective is to learn the evolution tree by fitting a tree to dissimilarity data on taxa. The quality of the fit is measured by taking the l/sub p/ norm of the difference between the tree metric constructed and the given data. Previous results obtained a factor 3 approximation for finding the closest tree tree metric under the l/spl infin/ norm. No nontrivial approximation for general l/sub p/ norms was known before. We present a novel LP formulation for this problem and obtain an O((log n log log n)/sup 1/p/) approximation using this. Enroute, we obtain an O((log n log log n)/sup 1/p/) approximation for the closest ultrametric under the l/sub p/ norm. Our techniques are based on representing and viewing an ultrametric as a hierarchy of clusterings, and may be useful in other contexts.
Time and temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of polystyrene bead foam (1971)

Abstract Tensile and compressive properties of polystyrene bead (PSB) foams at room temperature for strain rates from 10 −3 to 10 5 min −1 can be represented as nearly linearly increasing functions of modulus or stress versus the logarithm of the strain rate. The shear modulus and tensile data, including failure properties, on 0.054 g/cc PSB foam at various temperatures and strain rates can be represented by master curves of log (stress or modulus) versus log (reduced strain rate). These master curves are formed by a time and temperature superposition method, wherein data at one temperature are superposed on data at another temperature by a shift along the log (strain rate) axis. These time–temperature shift factors are calculated using a form of the Arrhenius equation.
miR‐181a mediates <scp>TGF</scp>‐β‐induced hepatocyte <scp>EMT</scp> and is dysregulated in cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (2014)

MiR-181a had a direct effect in inducing hepatocyte EMT and was able to replace TGF-β-induced effects in vitro. MiR-181a was over-expressed in cirrhosis and HCC and is likely to play a role in disease pathogenesis.
Rapid typing of Bacillus subtilis strains by their secondary metabolites using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of intact cells (1999)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has been used for rapid and efficient typing of Bacillus subtilis strains according to their secondary metabolite products using whole intact cells as targets. Cells were grown either in liquid media or on agar plates, respectively. Strains were classified by their unique spectra of bioactive peptides in the m/z range from 500 to 5000. The lipopeptide products surfactin, fengycin and the members of the iturin family were structurally characterized in situ by post-source decay (PSD) analysis. The potential of MALDI-MS for taxonomic studies, as well as for the investigation of the regulation and compartimentalization of secondary metabolites in the bacterial cell, is demonstrated. These achievements qualify this methodology for rapid screening of microorganisms to exploit bioactive compounds for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Visible‐Light‐Mediated Oxidative CN Bond Formation/Aromatization Cascade: Photocatalytic Preparation of <i>N</i>‐Arylindoles (2012)

Just add light and air: Structurally diverse N-arylindoles can be prepared from readily prepared o-styryl anilines through visible-light photocatalysis. The reaction, which is conducted open to air, is mediated by [Ru(bpz)3](PF6)2 (bpz=2,2′-bipyrazine) and involves both CN bond formation and aromatization (see scheme). Using suitably substituted substrates, a 1,2-carbon shift can be also incorporated into this cascade reaction. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An all-epitaxial InP-based 1.55 μm VCSEL process with defect-free Al/sub x/O/sub y//GaAs distributed Bragg reflector mirrors (2002)

A 1.55 /spl mu/m InP-based vertical cavity surface emitting laser process, which uses growth of defect-free Al(Ga)As/GaAs distributed Bragg reflector mirrors on patterned InP-based heterostructures was designed. This new mirror technology enabled the formation of a short-stack Al/sub x/O/sub y//GaAs DBR mirror. In addition, the formation of a dielectric aperture by the partial oxidation of lattice-matched InAlAs was characterized and incorporated into the process.
Isolation of rhodoquinone-containing chemoorganotrophic bacteria from activated sludge (1989)

Several strains of Gram-negative aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteria which produced rhodoquinone were isolated from activated sludge. All isolates contained a rhodoquinone with eight isoprene units as a major component in addition to the corresponding homologue of ubiquinone. The isolates seemed to make up a single taxon because of their homogeneity in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, but could not be allocated to any known taxa of Gram-negative bacteria.
<i>In vivo</i> quantitation of lesion radioactivity using external counting methods (1976)

Quantitative external counting methods for the in vivo determination of the activity uniformly distributed in an area of interest (lesion) have been developed. The theoretical work has been extended to include the effects of regions of differing attenuation coefficient and of non-target organ activity in the tissue surrounding the lesion. A clinical quantitative procedure utilizing a "calibrated" gamma camera and associated computer system is described. Studies including a bone substitute material in a water phantom confirmed the basic theoretical work.
Quantitative study of starving platelets in a minimal medium: maintenance by acetate or plasma but not by glucose (1993)

The requirement of donor platelets for fuels, plasma and calcium were studied using platelets washed, filtered to remove leucocytes and resuspended in a new glucose-free minimal platelet storage medium with low citrate (3 mmol/l), low buffer capacity and no calcium. This is the first study of platelets stored without plasma, glucose or calcium and it was shown that platelets continued to aggregate with collagen plus adrenaline for 48 h and showed only a 50% fall in 'swirl index', an objective morphology score, after 3 days, showing that by these criteria human platelets do not require glucose. Sodium acetate extended the storage time by between 2 and 4 days, depending on the index parameter. This is the first evidence showing that failure of platelets in these conditions is at least partly due to exhaustion of fuel, and the first evidence that acetate prolongs in vitro survival. As little as 10% low-glucose plasma extended the storage time, but it was no better than acetate. New observations using this system included a very rapid fall in pH during resuspension of the washed platelet pellet, a rising pH in the absence of added fuel and an increased pH with added acetate.
Texture synthesis using a combination of Cellular Neural Networks and Wei-Levoy method (2008)

The following paper presents a method for texture synthesis that combines Cellular Neural Network (CNN) with Wei-Levoi (WL) algorithm. The CNN is used for fast generation of a structural framework that is used as an initial state to speed up WL algorithm operation. Two modification of the basic WL procedure, which are necessary to implement the algorithm, were introduced.
The Inflammatory Effect of Nucleus Pulposus (1987)

Homogenized autogenous nucleus pulposus was injected into the lumbar epidural space of four dogs through an indwelling catheter. After daily injections of the material over 5 to 7 days, the dogs were killed at 5, 7, 14, or 21 days after the first injection. In four dogs that served as controls, normal saline was injected on an identical schedule and the dogs were killed at times identical to the experimental group. Evaluation of the dural sac, the spinal cord and its roots was performed by gross inspection and microscopic analysis. There was evidence of an inflammatory response to the nuclear material injected, but no inflammatory response occurred in the control group.
Antiproliferative effects of essential oils and their major constituents in human renal adenocarcinoma and amelanotic melanoma cells (2008)

Our findings provide novel insights into the field of cytotoxic properties of essential oils. This study provided evidence on how cytotoxic activity of the oils is not always related to their major constituents, except for lower activity found in both cell lines for alpha-cedrol. Interestingly, beta-caryophyllene and linalool exhibited comparable IC(50) values to the commercial drug vinblastine on the ACHN cell line. This opens a new field of investigation to discover mechanisms responsible for the observed activity.
Structural dynamics and catalytic properties of a multi-modular xanthanase, native. (2018)

The precise catalytic strategies used for the breakdown of the complex bacterial polysaccharide xanthan, an increasingly frequent component of processed human foodstuffs, have remained a mystery. Here, we present characterization of an endo-xanthanase from Paenibacillus nanensis. We show that it is a CAZy family 9 glycoside hydrolase (GH9) responsible for the hydrolysis of the xanthan backbone capable of generating tetrameric xanthan oligosaccharides from polysaccharide lyase family 8 (PL8) xanthan lyase-treated xanthan. Three-dimensional structure determination reveals a complex multimodular enzyme in which a catalytic (α/α)6 barrel is flanked by an N-terminal “immunoglobulin-like” (Ig-like) domain (frequently found in GH9 enzymes) and by four additional C-terminal all β-sheet domains that have very few homologues in sequence databases and at least one of which functions as a new xanthan-binding domain, now termed CBM84. The solution-phase conformation and dynamics of the enzyme in the native calcium-bou...
Layered Silicates by Swelling of AMH‐3 and Nanocomposite Membranes (2007)

Filling in: A new layered silicate material is prepared from a 3D porous silicate framework (AMH-3) by a novel procedure involving ion exchange and sequential intercalation. Layers of swollen AMH-3 are incorporated into a polymer, resulting in a mixed-matrix nanocomposite (see picture). The room-temperature hydrogen/carbon dioxide ideal selectivity of the swollen nanocomposite membranes is improved by a factor of two compared to the pure polymer. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z703440_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Biological oxygen demand (BOD) monitoring by a multiprocessing system (1991)

The describes the development of a prototype device in which parallel computer control techniques are used for the rapid on-line measurement of the biological oxygen demand (BOD). Wastewater samples diluted with fresh water are fed into a whirl bed reactor in which microorganisms are grown. A computer-based feedback controller keeps the oxygen consumed in the reactor to a constant value by dynamically adjusting the dilution ratio of fresh water to waste water. The BOD is assessed by monitoring the controller output changes in the dilution ratio. The application of a linear quadratic control algorithm implemented by a specially designed two-processor computer architecture has resulted in a measurement delay of 2 min.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of varying pacing waveform shapes on propagation and hemodynamics in the rabbit heart (1997)

The propagation characteristics of myocardium stimulated with anodal, cathodal, and equiphasic biphasic pacing pulses were examined in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. Conduction velocity measurements were made using an array of bipolar extracellular electrodes, transmembrane potentials recorded using floating intracellular microelectrodes, and hemodynamics measured by fluid-filled catheter transducer systems. Anodal (A) stimulation pulses improved the electrical conduction at all the stimulus amplitudes tested in both longitudinal (e.g., 5 V 2-msec pulse: [A] 54.9 +/- 0.7 cm/sec; cathodal [C] 49.7 +/- 1.5 cm/sec) and transverse (e.g., 5 V 2 msec pulse: [A] 31.3 +/- 1.7 cm/sec; [C] 23.3 +/- 2.9 cm/sec) directions. Microelectrode recordings verified that increased conduction velocities of the anodal pulses were associated with faster upstrokes of the action potentials. The increased threshold associated with anodal pulses may be overcome by using a biphasic (B) waveform, in effect adding a second phase (e.g., 2-msec pulse: [A] 2.03 +/- 1.3 V; [C] 3.85 +/- 1.5 V; [B] 2.15 +/- 0.9 V). The conduction speeds achieved by the biphasic pulses were found to be comparable to the equivalent anodal pulses (e.g., 5 V 2-msec pulse: [B] 55.2 +/- 1.7 cm/sec longitudinal and 32.4 +/- 2.1 cm/sec transverse). It is postulated that the enhanced conduction by anodal and biphasic pulses may be due to preconditioning of the myocardium before stimulation, resulting in more vigorous action potential upstrokes. In preliminary experiments, it was observed that improved conduction elicited by these pulses also resulted in enhanced contractility as measured by shortened electromechanical delays and faster rate of rise of pressure development (dP/dtmax: [A] 25.4 +/- 0.4 mm Hg/sec; [C] 19.4 +/- 0.8 mm Hg/sec; [B] 25.7 +/- 1.2 mm Hg/sec, respectively). Use of novel hybrid pulses involving an anodal component may offer a way for implanted pacemakers to enhance the electro-mechanical response of the heart.
Mass spectra of the picolinyl esters of isomeric mono‐ and dienoic fatty acids (1987)

The picolinyl ester derivatives of the complete series of isomeric octadecenoates, methylene-interrupted octadecadienoates, and of octadec-9-ynoate have been subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A fused-silica capillary column, coated with a cross-linked methyl silicone, was used for the separation. Electron impact spectra were determined at 70 eV. Earlier observations with a limited series of model compounds were confirmed, and it was shown that the picolinyl ester derivatives were of almost universal value in the location of double bonds in such isomers. Difficulties of interpretation arose mainly when the double bonds were close to the carboxyl group.
Effect of lactic acid suppositories compared with oral metronidazole and placebo in bacterial vaginosis: a randomised clinical trial. (1993)

Lactic acid suppositories are ineffective, metronidazole capsules are effective on signs and symptoms in bacterial vaginosis. A considerable proportion of the patients recover without active medication.
Customized spectral band analysis compared with conventional Fourier analysis of heart rate variability in neonates (2004)

A customized filtering technique is introduced and compared with fast Fourier transformation (FFT) for analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) in neonates from short-term recordings. FFT is classically the most commonly used spectral technique to investigate cardiovascular fluctuations. FFT requires stability of the physiological signal within a 300 s time window that is usually analyzed in adults. Preterm infants, however, show characteristics of rapidly fluctuating heart rate and blood pressure due to an immature autonomic regulation, resulting in non-stationarity of these signals. Therefore neonatal studies use (half-overlapping or moving) windows of 64 s length within a recording time of 2-5 min. The proposed filtering technique performs a filtering operation in the frequency range of interest before calculating the spectrum, which allows it to perform an analysis of shorter periods of only 42 s. The frequency bands of interest are 0.04-0.15 Hz (low frequency, LF) and 0.4-1.5 Hz (high frequency, HF). Although conventional FFT analysis as well as the proposed alternative technique result in errors in the estimation of LF power, due to spectral leakage from the very low frequencies, FFT analysis is more sensitive to this effect. The response times show comparable behavior for both the techniques. Applying both the methods to heart rate data obtained from a neonate before and after atropine administration (inducing a wide range of HRV), shows a very significant correlation between the two methods in estimating LF and HF power. We conclude that a customized filtering technique might be beneficial for analyzing HRV in neonates because it reduces the necessary time window for signal stability.