gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Characterization of the Human RAD51 Protein (2002)

Adenosine nucleotides affect the ability of RecA small middle dotsingle-stranded DNA (ssDNA) nucleoprotein filaments to cooperatively assume and maintain an extended structure that facilitates DNA pairing during recombination. Here we have determined that ADP and ATP/ATPgammaS affect the DNA binding and aggregation properties of the human RecA homolog human RAD51 protein (hRAD51). These studies have revealed significant differences between hRAD51 and RecA. In the presence of ATPgammaS, RecA forms a stable complex with ssDNA, while the hRAD51 ssDNA complex is destabilized. Conversely, in the presence of ADP and ATP, the RecA ssDNA complex is unstable, while the hRAD51 ssDNA complex is stabilized. We identified two hRAD51 small middle dotssDNA binding forms by gel shift analysis, which were distinct from a well defined RecA small middle dotssDNA binding form. The available evidence suggests that a low molecular weight hRAD51 small middle dotssDNA binding form (hRAD51 small middle dotssDNA(low)) correlates with active ADP and ATP processing. A high molecular weight hRAD51 small middle dotssDNA aggregate (hRAD51 small middle dotssDNA(high)) appears to correlate with a form that fails to process ADP and ATP. Our data are consistent with the notion that hRAD51 is unable to appropriately coordinate ssDNA binding with adenosine nucleotide processing. These observations suggest that other factors may assist hRAD51 in order to mirror RecA recombinational function.
A mutational analysis of the ABA1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana highlights the involvement of ABA in vegetative development (2005)

Much of the literature on the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) describes it as a mediator in triggering plant responses to environmental stimuli, as well as a growth inhibitor. ABA-deficient mutants, however, display a stunted phenotype even under well-watered conditions and high relative humidity, which suggests that growth promotion may also be one of the roles of endogenous ABA. Zeaxanthin epoxidase, the product of the ABA1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the ABA biosynthetic pathway. This paper gives a description of the molecular and phenotypic characterization of a large series of mutant alleles of the ABA1 gene, which cause different degrees of ABA deficiency, four of them previously isolated (aba1-1, aba1-3, aba1-4, and aba1-6) and the remaining five novel (sañ1-1, sañ1-2, sañ1-3, sañ1-4, and sre3). Molecular analysis of these alleles provides insights into the domains in which they compromise zeaxanthin epoxidase function. The size of the leaves, inflorescences, and flowers of these mutants is reduced, and their rosettes have lower fresh and dry weights than their wild types, as a result of a diminished cell size. Low concentrations of exogenous ABA increase the fresh weight of mutant and wild-type plants, as well as the dry weight of the mutants. The leaves of aba1 mutants are abnormally shaped and fail to develop clearly distinct spongy and palisade mesophyll layers. Taken together, these phenotypic traits indicate, as suggested by previous authors, that ABA acts as a growth promoter during vegetative development. The abnormal shape and internal structure of the leaves of aba1 mutants suggests, in addition, a role for ABA in organogenesis.
Pedestrian-to-vehicle communication system for improving road safety using cellular phones (2008)

A prototype of pedestrian-to-vehicle communication system which uses 3G wireless network in combination with wireless LAN was developed by using cellular phones and car navigation systems. The system can exchange the information between pedestrians and vehicles, indicate the location of the ones that have an accident risk, and call for attention by employing the developed algorithm for estimating the collision risk between each pedestrian and vehicle. The effectiveness of the system was examined by a sensory test method.
Integrated front-end for a large strip detector with E, /spl Delta/E and position measurements (1999)

A large strip detector for position and energy measurement of heavy ions in a 100-MeV range has been realized. An improved version with an epitaxial thick layer for /spl Delta/E measurement is foreseen. This paper describes a charge preamplifier-shaper dedicated to an optimal use of the mentioned detector whose charge extracted will be positive. The dynamic range of 12 and 8 bit are expected for E and /spl Delta/E measurements, respectively.
Chromium Plating on Zinc (1933)

Samples of sheet zinc 98.5 per cent pure and of the dimensions 0.046 by 17.8 by 2.5 cm. (0.018 by 7 by 1 in.) were plated with different thicknesses of nickel, then with different thicknesses of chromium and were tested by immersion in 20 per cent sodium chloride and in 5 and 10 per cent ammonium sulfate solutions. The time required for the sample to lose its pleasing appearance was considered its life. It was found that the life of a sample prepared in this way is proportional to the thickness of the underlying nickel and independent of the thickness of the chromium up to a thickness corresponding to a 15 minute plate, which is 0.00034 cm. (0.00014 in.). The protection afforded by the underlying nickel depends on the solution from which it is plated. Chromium plated on copper separated from zinc by a thin layer of nickel (to prevent its diffusion into the zinc) does not last as long as when the chromium is plated on nickel of the same thickness as copper. With copper as an underlying metal the life does depend on the thickness of the chromium deposit because of the difference in color between chromium and copper. As a preparation of zinc for chromium plating, a composite deposit of nickel and copper is two to three times as efficient as nickel alone with the same thickness as that, of the composite deposit. Intermediate layers of tin and of cadmium followed by chromium did not give good protection, and chromium deposited directly on zinc gave relatively poor protection. Difficulty was found in chromium plating deposits of nickel on zinc unless the nickel plate were heated in boiling water for thirty minutes. This trouble did not occur with die castings.
Novel single-stranded oligonucleotides that inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 induce apoptosis<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>in prostate cancer cell lines (2004)

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) were originally discovered as components of cytokine signal transduction pathways. Persistent activation of one of these transcription factors, STAT3, is a feature of many malignancies, including hormone-resistant prostate cancer. In this regard, malignant cells expressing persistently activated STAT3 become dependent on it for survival, thus rendering STAT3 a potential molecular target for therapy of hormone-resistant prostate cancer. Previously, we reported that antisense oligonucleotides specific for STAT3 were better at inducing apoptosis than inhibitors of JAK1 or JAK2, the upstream activating kinases of STAT3. Here, we report that novel single-stranded oligonucleotides, which putatively block STAT3-DNA binding, were better at inducing hormone-resistant prostate cancer apoptosis than antisense STAT3 oligonucleotides. We observed that the novel STAT3-inhibiting oligonucleotides induced apoptosis by a mitochondrial-dependent pathway involving the activation of caspase-3. Prostate cell lines not expressing persistently activated STAT3 did not become apoptotic after treatment with these same oligonucleotides. Scrambled-sequence control oligonucleotides had none of the effects of the active sequence oligonucleotides on any variable measured. Furthermore, the novel STAT3-inhibiting oligonucleotides, but not scrambled-sequence control oligonucleotide, significantly reduced the volume of s.c. DU145 tumors in vivo. Histologic examination of the tumors revealed no infiltrate of mononuclear or granulocytic cells, which would be indicative of evocation of a nonspecific immune response by the oligonucleotides. We conclude that single-stranded oligonucleotides based on the binding sequences of STAT3 are an additional strategy to design inhibitors for this molecular target and that these inhibitors should be useful as experimental therapeutics for hormone-resistant prostate cancer.
Reproducibility and responsiveness of quality of life assessment and six minute walk test in elderly heart failure patients (1998)

Quality of life assessment and a six minute walk test are reproducible and responsive measures of cardiac status in frail, very elderly patients with heart failure.
Immunotherapeutic advances in the treatment of gram‐negative bacterial sepsis (1987)

Abstract Gram‐negative bacterial sepsis with the frequent sequelae of shock, multi‐system organ failure, and death represents one of the most severe infections that can occur in the surgical patient. Fatality in most series has paralleled the presence and severity of underlying host disease processes, polymicrobial bacteremia, shock, and lack of early appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Even patients with no underlying disease state have a significant mortality (10–20%). Therapy of gram‐negative bacterial sepsis and shock at present consists of antimicrobial agents, hemodynamic monitoring, aggressive fluid resuscitation, and metabolic support. The use of these treatment modalities in concert has reduced, but not eliminated, the severe consequences that may ensue. Administration of antibody directed against the comon core lipopolysaccharide antigen of gramnegative microorganisms to patients with gram‐negative sepsis represents a means by which the morbidity and mortality of this disease process may be further reduced. This is supported by a large body of experimental evidence, as well as several preliminary clinical studies. It is necessary to determine how the clinical efficacy of such antibody preparations can be maximized. This will entail rigorously controlled studies in which the timing of antibody administration and dose utilized can be correlated with clinical efficacy. Should such antibody preparations continue to prove efficacious as an additive form of therapy, it may be possible to identify high‐risk groups of patients who would benefit from antibody prophylaxis .
Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of carbocyclic analogs of 2-amino-6-substituted-purine 3'-deoxyribofuranosides (1987)

Carbocyclic analogues of 2-amino-6-substituted-purine 3'-deoxyribofuranosides were synthesized by beginning with (+/-)-(1 alpha,3 alpha,4 beta)-3-amino-4-hydroxycyclopentanemethanol and 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine. The route parallels the earlier syntheses of the corresponding ribofuranoside and 2'-deoxyribofuranoside analogues. The 2-amino-6-chloropurine, guanine, and 2,6-diaminopurine derivatives and the analogous 8-azapurines were prepared. The analogue (3'-CDG) of 3'-deoxyguanosine is active in vitro against a strain of type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) that induces thymidine kinase and is modestly active against a thymidine kinase inducing strain of type 2 HSV. 3'-CDG is not active against a strain of HSV-1 that lacks the thymidine kinase inducing capacity, whereas the carbocyclic analogue of 2-amino-6-chloropurine 3'-deoxyribofuranoside is active against that strain. The carbocyclic analogue of 2,6-diaminopurine 3'-deoxyribofuranoside displayed modest activity in vitro against influenza virus.
Modeling and measuring the effects of vagueness in decision models (1996)

Because subjective probability assessments do not represent measurements of empirical quantities, they often exhibit vagueness, or ambiguity. We adopt a standard approach to modeling vagueness as a second-order probability (SOP) on a first-order probability. We define the expected value of including vagueness (EVIV) as the change in expected value due to explicit probabilistic representation of vagueness. We show that, under general conditions, the EVIV is always zero, regardless of the SOP or the loss or utility function. This shows that representing higher-order uncertainty as SOP never changes the output of a decision model. We analyze the value of reducing vagueness, and we provide a framework for measuring the expected value of reducing vagueness (EVRV) on a probability assessment using equivalent sample size and relative information multiple (RIM). We use influence diagrams to represent the flow of potential but unobserved evidence from a vagueness-reducing activity. We demonstrate our results for a simple problem implemented in Demos, a decision modeling software environment.
C2-Hydroxyglycosylation with Glycal Donors. Probing the Mechanism of Sulfonium-Mediated Oxygen Transfer to Glycal Enol Ethers (2002)

The C2-hydroxyglycosylation reaction employing the reagent combination of a diaryl sulfoxide and triflic anhydride offers a novel method for glycal assembly whereby a hydroxyl functionality is stereoselectively installed at the C2-position of a glycal donor with concomitant glycosylation of a nucleophilic acceptor. Mechanistic investigations into this reaction revealed a novel process for sulfonium-mediated oxidation of glycal enol ethers in which the sulfoxide oxygen atom is stereoselectively transferred to the C2-position of the glycal. (18)O-labeling studies revealed that the S-to-C2 oxygen-transfer process involves initial formation of a C1[bond]O linkage followed by O-migration to C2, leading to the generation of an intermediate glycosyl 1,2-anhydropyranoside that serves as an in situ glycosylating agent. These findings are consistent with the initial formation of a C2-sulfonium[bond]C1-oxosulfonium pyranosyl species upon activation of the glycal donor with Aryl(2)SO x Tf(2)O.
Electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a tool to probe fractional statistics (2006)

We study transport through an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer recently devised at the Weizmann Institute. We show that this device can be used to probe the statistics of quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall regime. We calculate the tunneling current through the interferometer as the function of the Aharonov-Bohm flux, temperature, and voltage bias, and demonstrate that its flux-dependent component is strongly sensitive to the statistics of tunneling quasiparticles. More specifically, the flux-dependent and flux-independent contributions to the current are related by a power law, the exponent being a function of the quasiparticle statistics.
System aspects of dual-layer phase-change recording with high-NA optics and blue laser (2003)

The ever-increasing demand for higher capacities driven by data intensive applications such as high-quality video has been met through steady increase of the areal bit density of the optical media. Very recently, the so-called Blu-ray Disc (BD) standard was announced, offering a capacity of up to 27 Gbytes per 12 cm disk. The BD format is designed as a groove-only format, which allows easier ROM, R and dual layer disk standard extension since no prepit headers are required. Another approach to increasing the effective storage capacity is quite unique for optical memories: multi-layer recording. Thin phase-change layers are one of the most promising recording materials (T. Akiyama et al, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. vol. 40, pp. 1598, 2001; E.R. Meinders et al, Proc. SPIE vol. 4342, p. 64, 2001). However, due to high absorption, the number of recording layers is currently limited to two layers only. In this paper we discuss the required technologies to realize a dual-layer BD type system. This includes primarily the dual-layer phase-change disk technology, beam shaping to enhance the light efficiency of the optical head unit and spherical aberration control to compensate cover layer thickness variations.
Forecasting (1990)

Decisions in the fields of economics and management have to be made in the context of forecasts about the future state of the economy or market. As decisions are so important as a basis for these fields, a great deal of attention has been paid to the question of how best to forecast variables and occurrences of interest. There are several distinct types of forecasting situations including event timing, event outcome, and time-series forecasts. Event timing is concerned with the question of when, if ever, some specific event will occur, such as the introduction of a new tax law, or of a new product by a competitor, or of a turning point in the business cycle. Forecasting of such events is usually attempted by the use of leading indicators, that is, other events that generally precede the one of interest. Event-outcome forecasts try to forecast the outcome of some uncertain event that is fairly sure to occur, such as finding the winner of some election or the level of success of a planned marketing campaign. Forecasts are usually based on data specifically gathered for this purpose, such as a poll of likely voters or of potential consumers. There clearly should be a positive relationship between the amount spent on gathering the extra data and the quality of the forecast achieved.KeywordsForecast HorizonARMA ProcessPoint ForecastOptimal ForecastKalman Filter AlgorithmThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Structural Investigations on Smectic Blue Phases (2001)

Smectic blue phases ( BP(Sm)) are thermotropic liquid crystalline phases which exhibit both three-dimensional orientational order, such as classical blue phases, and smectic positional order. BP(Sm) appear as the three-dimensional counterpart of twist grain boundary phases. X-ray scattering and optical polarizing microscopy provide information on the hexagonal and cubic symmetries of these new phases.
Stability of Carbon-Doped Silicon Oxide Low-k Thin Films (2004)

The impact of and plasma treatments on the properties of low-dielectric-constant (low-k) carbon-doped silicon oxide (CDO) film, deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, has been investigated. The thermal stability and the effect of moisture penetration on low-k films have also been evaluated. It is found that and plasma treatments of low-k films result in some loss of C content and increase in moisture uptake. This increases the k value and leakage current of the film. The and plasma treatments do not add any N content in the films. Therefore, it does not cause the resist contamination of chemically amplified-type photoresists. High thermal stability of the low-k CDO material is confirmed by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of the low-k CDO powder and there is no weight loss or change of composition of the low-k CDO film after seven thermal cycles at 425°C for 1 h in ambient. A pressure cooker test of the film carried out at ∼2 atm, 120°C, and 100% relative humidity for 24 h has been found to increase the k value by 7% and leakage current by two orders of magnitude. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Chemistry of Sulfur Tetrafluoride. VIII. Synthesis of Phenylfluorophosphoranes and Phenylarsenic(V) Fluorides<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Sulfur Tetrafluoride. VIII. Synthesis of Phenylfluorophosphoranes and Phenylarsenic(V) Fluorides1William C. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 23, 6176–6177Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01508a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01508a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel approach for high throughput cultivation assays and the isolation of planktonic bacteria (2003)

Abstract Using the MicroDrop((R)) microdispenser system, a novel approach for high throughput cultivation assays for the determination of numbers of culturable bacteria, and for the isolation of bacteria in liquid media was established. The MicroDrop device works similar to an ink jet printer. Droplets of 150-200 pl are created at the nozzle of a glass micropipette by means of a computer-driven piezo transducer, and are dispensed automatically at predetermined positions with the aid of a XYZ-positioning system. The actual drop volume is highly reproducible and is determined by the pulse duration, the pulse frequency and the micropipette geometry. Culture media in 96-well microtiter plates were inoculated with constant numbers of bacteria from three different natural freshwater lakes. The number of culturable bacteria in the sample can be calculated from the frequency of wells showing bacterial growth, based on a binomial distribution of culturable cells. Our method was compared to the conventional most probable number (MPN) approach, the technique presently most often used for the determination of bacterial culturability and for the isolation of numerically dominant culturable bacteria. As opposed to the MPN technique, our approach yields data with much higher statistical significance (i.e. a 10 times lower standard deviation) due to the higher number of parallels which can be performed in each microtiter plate. The values of culturable bacteria as determined by the MPN and MicroDrop techniques were only weakly correlated (r(2)=0.570, n=42, P<0.001). Cultivation efficiencies obtained with the MicroDrop technique were systematically lower than MPN values by a factor of 2.7, indicating a significant overestimation of culturability by the latter method. The composition of the cultured bacterial fraction was determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of 16S rDNA fragments and sequencing. This demonstrated that phylogenetically similar bacteria were recovered by both cultivation techniques. Both methods resulted in the recovery of many previously unknown aquatic bacteria affiliated to the same taxonomic groups and, in one case, in the isolation of a numerically dominant, but not-yet-cultured beta-Proteobacterium which was ubiquitous in all three lakes.
THE MENTAL HEALTH OF UK ARMED FORCES PERSONNEL (2011)

Abstract The legacy of Gulf War Syndrome led to fears that the deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan since 2003 would have an effect on the mental health of the UK armed forces. Contrary to many people's expectations, deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan has not led to an increase in mental health problems and the overall number of personnel with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder is low. But there have been some costs: reservists and combat personnel are more at risk of mental health problems, and alcohol misuse continues to be rife amongst regulars.