gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Coarse-to-Fine Task Transfer for Aspect-Level Sentiment Classification (2019)

Aspect-level sentiment classification (ASC) aims at identifying sentiment polarities towards aspects in a sentence, where the aspect can behave as a general Aspect Category (AC) or a specific Aspect Term (AT). However, due to the especially expensive and labor-intensive labeling, existing public corpora in AT-level are all relatively small. Meanwhile, most of the previous methods rely on complicated structures with given scarce data, which largely limits the efficacy of the neural models. In this paper, we exploit a new direction named coarse-to-fine task transfer, which aims to leverage knowledge learned from a rich-resource source domain of the coarse-grained AC task, which is more easily accessible, to improve the learning in a low-resource target domain of the fine-grained AT task. To resolve both the aspect granularity inconsistency and feature mismatch between domains, we propose a Multi-Granularity Alignment Network (MGAN). In MGAN, a novel Coarse2Fine attention guided by an auxiliary task can help the AC task modeling at the same finegrained level with the AT task. To alleviate the feature false alignment, a contrastive feature alignment method is adopted to align aspect-specific feature representations semantically. In addition, a large-scale multi-domain dataset for the AC task is provided. Empirically, extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the MGAN.
4‐Amino‐3‐pyridiniochinolin‐2(1<i>H</i>)‐on‐chloride und 3,4‐Diaminochinolin‐2(1<i>H</i>)‐one (1991)

4‐Amino‐3‐pyridinioquinolin‐2(1 H )‐one Chlorides and 3,4‐Diaminoquinolin‐2(1 H )‐ones N ;‐(Chloroacetyl)anthranilonitriles 1 react with the pyridines 2 to form the 4‐amino‐3‐pyridinioquinolin‐2(1 H )‐one chlorides 4 , which are converted into the pyrido[ 1 ',2′ : 1,2]imidazo[5,4‐c]‐ quinolin‐6(5H)‐ones 6 in the presence of sodium hydroxide or by cyclooxidation with bromine. Treatment of 4 with hydrazine hydrate yields the 3,4‐diaminoquinolin‐2(1 H )‐ones 9 . Analogously to other o‐diamines the substituted imidazo [4,5‐c]‐ quinolinones 12 , the pyrazino[2,3‐c]quinolinones 13, 14 , the 1,2,5‐thiadiazolo[3,4‐c]quinolin‐4‐one 15a and the 1,2,5‐selena‐diazolo[3,4‐c]quinolin‐4‐one 15b are obtainable from 9a . With chloroacetyl chloride 9a provides the oxazino[2,3‐b]quinolin‐2‐one 11 .
Fabrication of graphene nanoribbon by local anodic oxidation lithography using atomic force microscope (2009)

We conducted local anodic oxidation (LAO) lithography in single-layer, bilayer, and multilayer graphenes using tapping-mode atomic force microscope. The width of insulating oxidized area depends systematically on the number of graphene layers. An 800-nm-wide bar-shaped device fabricated in single-layer graphene exhibits the half-integer quantum Hall effect. We also fabricated a 55-nm-wide graphene nanoribbon (GNR). The conductance of the GNR at the charge neutrality point was suppressed at low temperature, which suggests the opening of an energy gap due to lateral confinement of charge carriers. These results show that LAO lithography is an effective technique for the fabrication of graphene nanodevices.
DNA methylation status of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes underlies the tissue-dependent mitochondrial functions (2010)

A substantial proportion of nuclear mt genes contained T-DMRs, and the DNA methylation status of numerous T-DMRs should underlie tissue-dependent mitochondrial functions.
Association of Interferon Gamma +874T/A Polymorphism and Leukemia Risk (2016)

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) has antitumor and antiproliferative effects, and previous studies indicated IFN-γ +874T/A (rs2430561) polymorphism were related to the risk of many types of cancer. However, the association between IFN-γ +874T/A polymorphism and leukemia risk remained controversial.We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement (PRISMA). Electronic database of Embase, Pubmed, and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible articles published up to December 13, 2015. The association between genetic polymorphisms and leukemia risk was measured by odds ratios (ORs) and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).A total of 8 studies amounting to 420 patients and 767 control subjects were retrieved for this study. Although associations between IFN-γ +874T/A polymorphism and overall leukemia risks were lacking, decreased chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) risk was detected in the allelic model (T vs A, OR=0.660, 95%CI = 0.483-0.902, P = 0.009, I = 0.0% and P = 0.863 for heterogeneity), the codominant model (TT vs AA, OR = 0.472, 95%CI = 0.247-0.902, P = 0.023, I = 0.0% and P = 0.994 for heterogeneity), and dominant model (TT + TA vs AA, OR = 0.457, 95%CI = 0.285-0.734, P = 0.001, I = 40.3% and P = 0.195 for heterogeneity) by using fixed-effect model separately. On the contrary, results indicated T carries have an increased chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) risk in dominant model (TT + TA vs AA, OR = 1.783, 95%CI = 1.236-2.573, P = 0.002, I = 19.0% and P = 0.295 for heterogeneity).This study suggests IFN-γ +874T/A polymorphism are related to CML and CLL risk. In addition, our work also points out IFN-γ +874T/A polymorphism may play dual contrasting role in leukemia risk.
Synergistic Induction of Apoptosis in Brain Cancer Cells by Targeted Codelivery of siRNA and Anticancer Drugs (2011)

Multiple dysregulated pathways in tumors necessitate targeting multiple oncogenic elements by combining orthogonal therapeutic moieties like short-interfering RNAs (siRNA) and drug molecules in order to achieve a synergistic therapeutic effect. In this manuscript, we describe the synthesis of cyclodextrin-modified dendritic polyamines (DexAMs) and their application as a multicomponent delivery vehicle for translocating siRNA and anticancer drugs. The presence of β-cyclodextrins in our DexAMs facilitated complexation and intracellular uptake of hydrophobic anticancer drugs, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and erlotinib, whereas the cationic polyamine backbone allowed for electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged siRNA. The DexAM complexes were found to have minimal cytotoxicity over a wide range of concentrations and were found to efficiently deliver siRNA, thereby silencing the expression of targeted genes. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated that upon appropriate modification with targeting ligands, we were able to simultaneously deliver multiple payloads--siRNA against oncogenic receptor, EGFRvIII and anticancer drugs (SAHA or erlotinib)--efficiently and selectively to glioblastoma cells. Codelivery of siRNA-EGFRvIII and SAHA/erlotinib in glioblastoma cells was found to significantly inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, as compared to the individual treatments.
A process model of cased-based reasoning in problem solving (1985)

Isoproturon (N,N-dimethyl-N'-[4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl]urea), mecoprop (MCPP) (2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid) and acetochlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)acetamide) are agricultural pesticides that may leach through the vadose zone down to groundwater. Sediment samples were collected from intact sediment cores from 0 to 59 m below surface, including soil, unsaturated limestone and aquifer sand. In the unsaturated limestone, the initial pesticide concentrations (0.5-100 μg kg(-1)) did not systematically affect the proportion of mineralized pesticides or the kinetics. However, in the aquifer, mecoprop and to some degree isoproturon mineralization was found to increase with increasing initial concentration (0.5-100 μg L(-1) equivalent to 1-220 μg kg(-1)) demonstrating the importance of using environmentally relevant concentrations when predicting pesticide fate. The mineralization of isoproturon, mecoprop and acetochlor was studied in 40 samples at low concentrations (1-3 μg L(-1)) and specific pesticide-mineralizing bacteria were enumerated using 14C-MPN. Presence of the mineralizers documented a degradation potential of the pesticides within the catchment. The number of mineralizers varied from <0.18 to >16000 g(-1) and was not found to correlate with depth. Mecoprop, isoproturon and acetochlor were substantially mineralized in the soils (19-44% after 8months incubation at 1 μg kg(-1)), in sub-surface unsaturated limestone samples (≤2% for acetochlor, ≤21% for isoproturon and ≤31% for mecoprop) and in aquifer samples (4-28% for mecoprop, ≤4.7% for isoproturon and ≤5.6% for acetochlor). The finding of isoproturon and acetochlor mineralization in deep aquifers is novel and important for the evaluation of the fate of these pesticides, as even low mineralization rates can be important in aquifers exhibiting long residence times.
The HOPS complex mediates autophagosome–lysosome fusion through interaction with syntaxin 17 (2014)

Membrane fusion is generally controlled by Rabs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), and tethering complexes. Syntaxin 17 (STX17) was recently identified as the autophagosomal SNARE required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion in mammals and Drosophila. In this study, to better understand the mechanism of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, we searched for STX17-interacting proteins. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis identified vacuolar protein sorting 33A (VPS33A) and VPS16, which are components of the homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS)-tethering complex. We further confirmed that all HOPS components were coprecipitated with STX17. Knockdown of VPS33A, VPS16, or VPS39 blocked autophagic flux and caused accumulation of STX17- and microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC3)-positive autophagosomes. The endocytic pathway was also affected by knockdown of VPS33A, as previously reported, but not by knockdown of STX17. By contrast, ultraviolet irradiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG), a known HOPS-interacting protein, did not interact with the STX17-HOPS complex and may not be directly involved in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Collectively these results suggest that, in addition to its well-established function in the endocytic pathway, HOPS promotes autophagosome-lysosome fusion through interaction with STX17.
Relative Permittivity Variation Surrounding PCB Via Hole Structures (2008)

As integrated circuit technology advancements are pushing data rates to 6 Gb/s and beyond, channel simulations are becoming a necessity. As part of the topology modeling and simulation, the correct value of permittivity surrounding a printed circuit board (PCB) via hole structure is required for better accuracy. This paper presents data to suggest the relative permittivity of the dielectric surrounding a PCB via hole structure in the z-axis direction of a fiberglass reinforced PCB laminate is different from the relative permittivity surrounding a trace etch in the x/y-axis direction of the same PCB.
Effect of a Nalco-Trol® II on bioavailability of glyphosate in laboratory trials (1990)

Abstract The effect of a polymeric adjuvant “Nalco‐Trol® II” on bioavailability of glyphosate (in Roundup® formulation), was studied using trembling aspen, Populus tremuloids Michx., seedlings. Absorption and translocation of 14C‐labeled glyphosate was determined with and without Nalco‐Trol II, after application at a dosage rate of 0.35 kg of active ingredient (AI) in 25 L of aqueous solution per ha surface area of leaves. At 48 h after treatment, less than 40% of the applied amount was absorbed and translocated into the plants, and more than 60% was washed away from the treated leaves. Toxic effects of glyphosate (nonlabeled) were assessed for a period up to 28 d after treatment using three parameters, viz., changes in plant height and weight (during 28 d) and chlorophyll content of untreated leaves (during 15 d). The glyphosate‐treated plants showed little increase in height, compared to the control plants, but showed significant reduction in weight and in leaf chlorophyll. No significant differences were noted in absorption and translocation patterns, growth parameters or leaf chlorophyll, in plants treated with Roundup alone or Roundup with Nalco‐Trol II, thus indicating no evidence of reduced bioavailability via entrapment of glyphosate into the polymeric chain. Nevertheless, the present study proved useful in detecting small differences in the sublethal effects in plants to glyphosate treatment.
Continuous Real-time Heart Rate Monitoring from Face Images (2016)

A real-time monitoring method of heart rate (HR) from face images using Real-time Pulse Extraction

Method (RPEM) is described and corroborated for the theoretical efficacy by investigating fundamental

mechanisms through three kinds of experiments; (i) measurement of light reflection from face covered by

copper film, (ii) spectroscopy measurement and (iii) simultaneous measurement of face images and laser

speckle images. The investigation indicated the main causes of brightness change are both the green light

absorption variation by the blood volume changes and the face surface reflection variation by pulsatory face

movements. RPEM removes the motion noise from the green light absorption variation and the

effectiveness is ensured by comparing with the pulse wave of the ear photoplethysmography. We also

applied RPEM to continuous real-time HR monitoring of seven participants during office work under non-controlled

condition, and achieved HR measured rate of 44 % to the number of referential ECG beats while

face is detected, with RMSE = 6.7 bpm as an average result of five days.
Lipid nanoemulsions loaded with doxorubicin-oleic acid ionic complex: characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies. (2011)

This study aimed at developing a novel lipid nanoemulsion formulation of doxorubicin (DOX) which is feasible for scale-up production, exhibits good parenteral acceptability, and further improves the therapeutic index of the drug. Oleic acid was used to form ionic complex with DOX in order to enhance its lipophilicity. The lipid nanoemulsions loaded with doxorubicin-oleic acid complex (DOX-OA-LNs) were prepared using a simple high-pressure homogenization method and fully characterized from physicochemical and in vitro release standpoint. Afterwards, the DOX-OA-LNs and free DOX were compared with respect to their in vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity, and their in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution behavior in mice were also investigated. The obtained DOX-OA-LNs could achieve high encapsulation efficiency of 93.7 +/- 1.2% under optimal conditions. The in vitro release behavior displayed biphasic drug release pattern with rapid release at the initial stage and prolonged release afterwards. The DOX-OA-LNs exhibited higher growth inhibitory effect than free DOX by MTT assay. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy studies showed that the cellular uptake of free DOX and DOX-OA-LNs were comparable. Pharmacokinetics and in vivo distribution studies in mice showed that DOX-OA-LNs demonstrated significantly higher DOX level in blood and longer circulation time than free DOX. Moreover, DOX-OA-LNs significantly decreased DOX concentration in heart, lung and kidney. These results suggested that DOX-OA-LNs could be a promising formulation for the delivery of DOX in tumor chemotherapy.
The elastic properties of random‐in‐plane short fiber reinforced polymer composites (1994)

Abstract Four types of random‐in‐plane short fiber reinforced polymer composites were manufactured by the prepreg route using carbon or glass fiber tissue and 913 or 924 epoxy resin. The in‐plane Young's modules and in‐plane shear modulus of the composites were measured over the temperature range − 100 to + 200°C by dynamic mechanical analysis using three point bend and rectangular torsion testing geometries. Theoretical predictions of the elastic properties of the composites were determined over the same temperature range and compared with the experiment. Of particular interest was the use of the “S mixing rule” of McGee and McCullough to determine a single theoretical estimate for the composite elastic properties. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory was found for the four composites over the majority of the measured temperature range.
A phase I trial of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor-oriented peptide vaccines for colorectal carcinoma patients (2004)

In most protocols of peptide-based vaccination, no consideration has been paid to whether or not peptide-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) precursors are pre-existent in cancer patients. Initiation of immune boosting through vaccination is better than that of immune priming to induce prompt and strong immunity. In this study, 10 human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-A24(+) patients with advanced colorectal carcinomas were treated with up to four peptides that had been positive for pre-vaccination measurement of peptide-specific CTL precursors in the circulation (CTL precursor-oriented peptide vaccine). No severe adverse effect was observed, although local pain and fever of grade I or II were observed. Post-vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from five patients demonstrated an increased peptide-specific immune response to the peptides. Increased CTL response to cancer cells was detected in post-vaccination PBMCs of five patients. Antipeptide immunoglobulin G became detectable in post-vaccination sera of seven patients. Three patients developed a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity response to at least one of the peptides administrated. One patient was found to have a partial response; another had a stable disease, sustained through 6 months. These results encourage further development of CTL precursor-oriented vaccine for colorectal cancer patients.
Rotman Lens-Based Circular Array for Generating Five-mode OAM Radio Beams (2016)

Recently, vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) for radio communications has attracted much attention for its potential of transmitting multiple signals simultaneously at the same frequency, which can be used to increase the channel capacity. However, most of the methods for getting multi-mode OAM radio beams remain up to now mainly at simulation level, since their implementations are of complicated structure and very high cost. This paper provides an effective design of generating five-mode OAM radio beams by using the Rotman lens-fed antenna array. The Rotman lens is a viable beamforming approach instead of electronically scanned arrays for its low cost and the ease of implementation. The lens-fed array employs a two-layer structure for size reduction, and the lens body and the antenna array are segregated by a common ground plane to eliminate spurious radiation and thus improve the performance of the OAM beams. The measured results coincide with the simulated ones, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed design for generating multi-mode OAM beams.
Modifier loci condition autoimmunity provoked by Aire deficiency (2005)

Loss of function mutations in the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy patients and mutant mice lead to autoimmune manifestations that segregate as a monogenic trait, but with wide variation in the spectrum of organs targeted. To investigate the cause of this variability, the Aire knockout mutation was backcrossed to mice of diverse genetic backgrounds. The background loci strongly influenced the pattern of organs that were targeted (stomach, eye, pancreas, liver, ovary, thyroid, and salivary gland) and the severity of the targeting (particularly strong on the nonobese diabetic background, but very mild on the C57BL/6 background). Autoantibodies mimicked the disease pattern, with oligoclonal reactivity to a few antigens that varied between Aire-deficient strains. Congenic analysis and a whole genome scan showed that autoimmunity to each organ had a distinctive pattern of genetic control and identified several regions that controlled the pattern of targeting, including the major histocompatibility complex and regions of Chr1 and Chr3 previously identified in controlling type 1 diabetes.
Source mask polarization optimization (2011)

This work examines aspects of source mask polarization optimization (SMPO). Cases are described where unusual polarization conditions, beyond the familiar and expected XY or TE, are beneficial. These results are best understood by examining the diffraction patterns and noticing that image formation is influenced by interference between higher diffraction orders when the zeroth order is relatively weak. Examples include hole patterns with attenuated phase shift masks and also dark field illumination. Further analysis shows, however, that for some problems, perhaps most, aggressive mask optimization can transform the imaging problem in such a way that zeroth order light again dominates. Under these conditions familiar two beam imaging can be obtained with off-axis illumination, and then TE polarization will probably provide the best solution. From a computational point-of-view SMPO procedures are hampered by the fact that polarization affects the required optical proximity correction (OPC), the OPC affects the diffraction pattern, and the diffraction pattern and polarized source light interact to determine lithographic performance. This makes co-optimization of source, mask, and polarization conditions difficult, and a useful intermediate approach was found to be source mask optimization with a scalar imaging calculation.
IFC to CityGML Transformation Framework for Geo- Analysis: A Water Utility Network Case (2009)

The development of semantic 3D city models has allowed for new approaches to town planning and urban management (Benner et al. 2005) such as emergency and catastrophe planning, checking building developments, and utility networks. Utility networks inside buildings are composed of pipes and cables located between ceilings and walls (examples of these systems include sewerage, electrical, gas, water). The traditional representations of these networks are in 2D, and are associated with different drawbacks, such as the overlapping of lines representing different networks, and different vertical elements (which can be represented only as points) can be missing (Du and Zlatanova 2006). Moreover, topological analyses are not possible by using this 2D geometric representation. Therefore, interest in 3D representation of such infrastructures is rapidly increasing. The purpose of incorporating utility networks into GIS is for modelling them topologically rather than geometrically. Geospatial analysis of such utility network systems requires the path and point connections of the elements, instead of their geometry. On the other hand, the CAD/BIM systems offer a rich 3D geometrical representation. Developing a system that supports both CAD/BIM and GIS capabilities is still not feasible, and thus the best approach to concentrate on is CAD/BIM-GIS interoperability at the data level (Wu and Hsieh 2008). Detailed geometric information about utilities infrastructure can be obtained from design and real-world 3D CAD/BIM models, which could be automatically exchanged if a formal framework, would be made available. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of integrating the 3D BIM utilities network data into a GIS based on user cases defined for water utilities maintenance operations and management. CityGML has been employed in this study as a base model to provide an integrated ontology covering the BIM and GIS model concept within one framework. The work includes developing a software component for automatic conversion from IFC into CityGML, and analysing network elements in an already developed system that supports utilities analysis functions.