gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in IFN-<i>γ</i>Signaling Pathway Associated with Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Chinese Children (2020)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a challenging public health problem in China and worldwide. Mother-to-child transmission is one of the main transmission routes of HBV in highly endemic regions. However, the mechanisms of HBV perinatal transmission in children have not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFN-<i>γ</i> signaling pathway and HBV infection or breakthrough infection in children. Two hundred and seventy-four HBV-infected children defined as test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 353 controls defined as negative for HBsAg in China were recruited from October 2013 to May 2015. SNPs in IFN-<i>γ</i> signaling pathway including IFNG, IFNGR1, IFNGR2, and IL12B were genotyped. Rs2234711 in IFNGR1 was significantly associated with HBV infection in children (OR = 0.641, 95% CI: 0.450-0.913). In addition, rs2234711 was also significantly associated with HBV breakthrough infection in children born to HBsAg-positive mothers (OR = 0.452, 95% CI: 0.205-0.998). Our study confirmed that genetic variants in IFN-<i>γ</i> signaling pathway have significant associations with HBV infection, especially with HBV breakthrough in children. This study provides insight into HBV infection in children and could be used to help design effective strategies for reducing immunoprophylaxis failure.
Electron Temperature Measurements of Solid Density Plasmas Produced by Intense Ultrashort Laser Pulses (1996)

We report the first spatially and temporally localized measurements of 500 eV electron temperatures in solid density Al plasmas generated by a $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{17}\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, 170 fs laser. Expansion velocities of marker layers from various depths are sampled with mass-resolved ion time-of-flight spectroscopy. Hydrodynamic simulations relate the measured velocities to the sound speed, determining the temperature along the central axis of the plasma. Results are consistent with conductive heating of the first 1000 \AA{}.
Inhibitory effect of N-ethyl-3-amino-5-oxo-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide on Haemophilus spp. planktonic or biofilm-forming cells (2013)

During this study, we have investigated in vitro activity of <i>N</i>-substituted-3-amino-5-oxo-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide derivatives with <i>N</i>-ethyl, <i>N</i>-(4-metoxyphenyl) and <i>N</i>-cyclohexyl substituents against Gram-negative <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> and <i>H</i>. <i>parainfluenzae</i> bacteria. A spectrophotometric assay was used in order to determine the bacterial growth and biofilm formation using a microtiter plate to estimate minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC). Among the tested <i>N</i>-substituted pyrazole derivatives, only <i>N</i>-ethyl-3-amino-5-oxo-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide showed a significant in vitro activity against both planktonic cells of <i>H</i>. <i>parainfluenzae</i> (MIC = 0.49-31.25 μg ml<sup>-1</sup>) and <i>H</i>. <i>influenzae</i> (MIC = 0.24-31.25 μg ml<sup>-1</sup>) as well as biofilm-forming cells of <i>H</i>. <i>parainfluenzae</i> (MBIC = 0.24-31.25 μg ml<sup>-1</sup>) and <i>H. influenzae</i> (MBIC = 0.49 to ≥31.25 μg ml<sup>-1</sup>). The pyrazole compound exerted higher inhibitory effect both on the growth of planktonic cells and biofilm formation by penicillinase-positive and penicillinase-negative isolates of <i>H. parainfluenzae</i> than the activity of commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin. No cytotoxicity of the tested compound in vitro at concentrations used was found. The tested pyrazole <i>N</i>-ethyl derivative could be considered as a compound for the design of agents active against both pathogenic <i>H. influenzae</i> and opportunistic <i>H. parainfluenzae</i>, showing also anti-biofilm activity. This appears important because biofilms are determinants of bacterial persistence in long-term and recurrent infections recalcitrant to standard therapy.
Weak bases affect late stages of Mayaro virus replication cycle in vertebrate cells (2000)

This paper describes the effect of two weak bases (ammonium chloride and chloroquine) on the morphogenesis of Mayaro virus. When Mayaro virus-infected TC7 (monkey kidney) cells were treated with these agents it was observed that weak bases caused a significant reduction in virus yield. Also, cellular protein synthesis, which is inhibited by Mayaro virus infection, recovered to nearly normal levels. However, the synthesis of Mayaro virus proteins was affected. These phenomena were dose-dependent. The process of Mayaro virus infection in vertebrate cells is very rapid. Virus precursors are not observed in cell cytoplasm and budding through the plasma membrane seems to be the only way of virus release. Electron microscopy of cells infected with Mayaro virus and treated with weak bases revealed an accumulation of virus structures in cell cytoplasm. The study also noted an inhibition of budding through the plasma membrane and the appearance of virus particles inside intracytoplasmic vacuoles. These observations indicate an impairment at the final stages of the virus replication cycle.
Network monitoring challenges in the evolved packet core (2012)

Abstract: The move towards broadband converged networks and applications is increasing the need for advanced network monitoring. As the EPC will completely overhaul the classic GPRS architecture by replacing it with a much flatter all-IP net-work; it will become a single converged core handling all applications including the existing telephony services. In this context, application performance monitoring will be essential in order to measure the user experience and to get more insight into the traffic trends and applications usage. In this paper, we will discuss the challenges facing network monitoring in EPC and provide recommendations in this regard.
An Area/Delay Efficient Dual-Modular Flip-Flop with Higher SEU/SET Immunity (2010)

According to the process scaling, semiconductor devices are becoming more sensitive to soft errors since amount of critical charges are decreasing. In this paper, we propose an area/delay efficient dual modular flip-flop, which is tolerant to SEU (Single Event Upset) and SET (Single Event Transient). It is based on a “BISER” (Built-in Soft Error Resilience). The original BISER FF achieves small area but it is vulnerable to an SET pulse on C-elements. The proposed dual modular FF doubles C-elements and weak keepers between master and slave latches, which enhances SET immunity considerably with paying small area-delay product than the conventional delayed TMR FFs.
Economic Abuse of the Laity: A Primary Cause of the Reformation (1970)

Time and again scholars have evaluated the Reformation period in Europe, seeking morc evidencc for the causes of the revolt. Too often they have been unduly influenced by the abuses of the Renaissance popes and have not realized that the causes of the Reformation had been developing since the time of Grcgory VII. In the re-evaluation of the causes of the great religiolls upheaval, there are at least three prime factors which precipitated the movement, namely: (a) in· creased control of the church over political and economic policies of Europe, (b) rising antic1ericalism, and (c) economic and re­
Efficacy of Varenicline Combined With Nicotine Replacement Therapy vs Varenicline Alone for Smoking Cessation (2014)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01444131.
The Science of Parenting, a Brief Review (2009)

The diverse programs available to help train parents to deal with children with behavioral concerns are discussed. It is suggested that parent training programs designed on evidence-based research should be selected with care for the purpose.
Two species, two flings, one gene swap (2016)

Bonobos seem to have donated genes to chimps at least twice since they last shared an ancestor. Bonobos are renowned for their free and easy sex life and the two closely related apes have occasionally interbred in captivity. The two species spilt sometime between 1.5 and 2.1 million years ago, around the same time that the Congo river system formed.
Extended release stimulant medication misuse with alcohol co-administration. (2008)

Dear Editor:

The co-administration of prescription stimulant medications with alcohol is an issue of growing concern. While the phenomenon of mixing alcohol and prescription stimulants is well documented (e.g. Barrett & Pihl, 2002; Darredeau et al., 2007) and linked with adverse outcomes (e.g. Markowitz et al., 1999), to date investigations have failed to differentiate between immediate release and extended release formulations of these medications. In this letter, we report on cases of intentional mixing of extended release prescription stimulants with alcohol to produce certain psychoactive effects.

As part of a larger study of non-prescribed stimulant medication use in Halifax, Nova Scotia, adult non-prescribed users of the extended release formulations Adderall XR (n=13), Ritalin SR (n=5), Concerta (n=4) and Biphentin (n=1) reported on their patterns of and motives for use during structured face-to-face interviews. Users of each of these medications reported having deliberately co-administered the drug with alcohol (Adderall XR 7/13; Ritalin SR 1/5; Concerta 1/4; Biphentin 1/1). Regardless of the specific medication used, the primary motivation for its co-administration with alcohol was to achieve desired psychoactive effects (e.g. to decrease or increase certain alcohol effects or to “get high”). Consistent with previous reports of stimulant-alcohol co-administration (e.g. Barrett et al., 2006), in most cases (80%) stimulant administration began after the onset of the drinking session. This is noteworthy given that the prior use of alcohol is known to have clinically significant interactions with a number of subsequently administered stimulant drugs, including methylphenidate (e.g. Perez-Reyes, 1994; Patrick et al., 2007). Thus, although extended release formulations may be unlikely to be inappropriately used when administered alone (e.g. Steinhoff, 2008), it is possible that the co-administration of alcohol may increase their abuse liability. This might occur through alcohol’s effects on the medications’ pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties (e.g. Patrick et al., 2007), via the production of new psychoactive metabolites such as ethylphenidate (e.g. Markowitz et al., 2000) or through another mechanism yet to be identified.

Findings suggest that various extended release formulations of prescription stimulants are liable to be misused when co-administered with alcohol. It is recommended that physicians explicitly consider potential interactions with alcohol and other commonly abused drugs when assessing the abuse potential of this class of medications. Non-stimulant alternatives should be considered for treating individuals at greatest risk for alcohol or medication misuse, such as those with a history of illicit substance use (Darredeau et al., 2007; Poulin, 2001).
Design considerations of large aperture perpendicular gratings semiconductor ring lasers (1993)

A new laser geometry, recently demonstrated, is analyzed. The laser cavity consists of two orthogonally oriented diffraction gratings faced by two plane boundaries, such as cleaved facets. It is shown that such lasers may operate at a single, very high mode order with excellent modal discrimination.
Th17 immune response in IBD: A new pathogenic mechanism (2008)

Although traditionally associated with exaggerated Th1 or Th2 cell response, the gut inflammation occurring in patients with IBD is also characterized by production of cytokines made by a distinct lineage of T helper cells, termed Th17 cells. The discovery that this new inflammatory T-cell subset drives immune-mediated pathology and that the antigen-presenting cell-derived IL-23 is necessary for amplifying Th17 cell-associated inflammation has contributed to elucidate new pathways of intestinal tissue damage as well as to open new avenues for development of therapeutic strategies in IBD. In this review, we discuss the available data regarding the involvement of Th17 cells and their interplay with other mucosal cell types in the modulation of intestinal tissue inflammation.
Ink-Jet Printed CMOS Electronics from Oxide Semiconductors (2015)

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology with high transconductance and signal gain is mandatory for practicable digital/analog logic electronics. However, high performance all-oxide CMOS logics are scarcely reported in the literature; specifically, not at all for solution-processed/printed transistors. As a major step toward solution-processed all-oxide electronics, here it is shown that using a highly efficient electrolyte-gating approach one can obtain printed and low-voltage operated oxide CMOS logics with high signal gain (≈21 at a supply voltage of only 1.5 V) and low static power dissipation.
Novel Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein VI Dimorphism Is a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction (2001)

The GP VI 13254CC genotype increases the risk of MI, particularly in older individuals, and the interaction of the GP VI 13254C allele with other candidate risk alleles may accentuate this risk.
Adaptive Query Processing in Cloud Database Systems (2013)

In cloud environments, resources should be acquired and released automatically and quickly at runtime. Thereby, the implementation of traditional query optimization strategies in cloud platforms can have a poor performance, because they cannot predict future availability and/or release of resources. In such scenarios, adaptive query processing can adapt itself to the available resources to run queries and, consequently, present an acceptable performance in response to a query. However, traditional and adaptive query optimizers main objective is to reduce response time. Moreover, in the context of cloud computing, users and providers of services expect to get answers in time to guarantee the SLA. Therefore, we propose a framework that uses adaptive query processing based on heuristic rules and cost of failing the SLA. It will be implemented on structured data, considering that some cloud computing platforms support SQL queries directly or indirectly, which makes this problem relevant.
Indium-mediated coupling of aldehydes with prop-2-ynyl bromides in aqueous media (1995)

Indium-mediated coupling of aldehydes 1 with prop-2-ynyl bromides 2 occurs regioseiectively to give either homoprop-2-ynyl alcohols 3 or allenylic alcohols 4 depending on the γ-substituent of the prop-2-ynyl bromide.
Peptide Fragments of a β-Defensin Derivative with Potent Bactericidal Activity (2010)

Beta-defensins are known to be both antimicrobial and able to chemoattract various immune cells. Although the sequences of paralogous genes are not highly conserved, the core defensin structure is retained. Defb14-1C(V) has bactericidal activity similar to that of its parent peptide (murine beta-defensin Defb14) despite all but one of the canonical six cysteines being replaced with alanines. The 23-amino-acid N-terminal half of Defb14-1C(V) is a potent antimicrobial while the C-terminal half is not. Here, we use a library of peptide derivatives to demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity can be localized to a particular region. Overlapping fragments of the N-terminal region were tested for their ability to kill Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We demonstrate that the most N-terminal fragments (amino acids 1 to 10 and 6 to 17) are potent antimicrobials against Gram-negative bacteria whereas fragments based on sequence more C terminal than amino acid 13 have very poor activity against both Gram-positive and -negative types. We further test a series of N-terminal deletion peptides in both their monomeric and dimeric forms. We find that bactericidal activity is lost against both Gram types as the deletion region increases, with the point at which this occurs varying between bacterial strains. The dimeric form of the peptides is more resistant to the peptide deletions, but this is not due just to increased charge. Our results indicate that the primary sequence, together with structure, is essential in the bactericidal action of this beta-defensin derivative peptide and importantly identifies a short fragment from the peptide that is a potent bactericide.
Chemical Composition of Raw and Upgraded Anthracene Oil and the Chemistry of Coal-Liquids Upgrading (1981)

Nonconventional fossil-fuel-derived materials such as coal liquids, shale oil, tar sands, and petroleum-heavy ends are potentially significant alternatives to conventional petroleums. Unlike conventional petroleums, nonconventional feedstocks are characterized by the presence of significant quantities of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and heteroatom-containing polynuclear aromatics (1-12). These differences in chemical composition necessitate that synthetic crudes be subjected to hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis in order to remove most of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and the sulfur-, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing aromatic compounds prior to refining (13,14,15). Detailed molecular analysis of feedstocks and products is thus a prerequisite to the development of efficient and economical technologies for upgrading nonconventional crudes. In this regard, the principle intent of our characterization of raw and upgraded anthracene oil was to support the development of catalysts for upgrading coal-derived liquids (16). It is important to note that during the course of this study, significant advances have occurred (17-24) in regard to the elucidation
Experimental Analysis of the Real-time Recurrent Learning Algorithm (1989)

Abstract The real-time recurrent learning algorithm is a gradient-following learning algorithm for completely recurrent networks running in continually sampled time. Here we use a series of simulation experiments to investigate the power and properties of this algorithm. In the recurrent networks studied here, any unit can be connected to any other, and any unit can receive external input. These networks run continually in the sense that they sample their inputs on every update cycle, and any unit can have a training target on any cycle. The storage required and computation time on each step are independent of time and are completely determined by the size of the network, so no prior knowledge of the temporal structure of the task being learned is required. The algorithm is nonlocal in the sense that each unit must have knowledge of the complete recurrent weight matrix and error vector. The algorithm is computationally intensive in sequential computers, requiring a storage capacity of the order of the third power of the number of units and a computation time on each cycle of the order of the fourth power of the number of units. The simulations include examples in which networks are taught tasks not possible with tapped delay lines—that is, tasks that require the preservation of state over potentially unbounded periods of time. The most complex example of this kind is learning to emulate a Turing machine that does a parenthesis balancing problem. Examples are also given of networks that do feedforward computations with unknown delays, requiring them to organize into networks with the correct number of layers. Finally, examples are given in which networks are trained to oscillate in various ways, including sinusoidal oscillation.
Core–Shell Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2017)

Core-shell nanoparticles are at the leading edge of the hot research topics and offer a wide range of applications in optics, biomedicine, environmental science, materials, catalysis, energy, and so forth, due to their excellent properties such as versatility, tunability, and stability. They have attracted enormous interest attributed to their dramatically tunable physicochemical features. Plasmonic core-shell nanomaterials are extensively used in surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopies, in particular, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), due to the unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property. This review provides a comprehensive overview of core-shell nanoparticles in the context of fundamental and application aspects of SERS and discusses numerous classes of core-shell nanoparticles with their unique strategies and functions. Further, herein we also introduce the concept of shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) in detail because it overcomes the long-standing limitations of material and morphology generality encountered in traditional SERS. We then explain the SERS-enhancement mechanism with core-shell nanoparticles, as well as three generations of SERS hotspots for surface analysis of materials. To provide a clear view for readers, we summarize various approaches for the synthesis of core-shell nanoparticles and their applications in SERS, such as electrochemistry, bioanalysis, food safety, environmental safety, cultural heritage, materials, catalysis, and energy storage and conversion. Finally, we exemplify about the future developments in new core-shell nanomaterials with different functionalities for SERS and other surface-enhanced spectroscopies.
Review: <i>Marshal of the Last Frontier: Life and Services of William Matthew (Bill) Tilghman</i>, by Zoe A. Tilghman (1949)

Book Review| August 01 1949 Review: Marshal of the Last Frontier: Life and Services of William Matthew (Bill) Tilghman, by Zoe A. Tilghman Marshal of the Last Frontier: Life and Services of William Matthew (Bill) TilghmanZoe A. Tilghman Don Hill Don Hill Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1949) 18 (3): 394–395. https://doi.org/10.2307/3635364 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Don Hill; Review: Marshal of the Last Frontier: Life and Services of William Matthew (Bill) Tilghman, by Zoe A. Tilghman. Pacific Historical Review 1 August 1949; 18 (3): 394–395. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3635364 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1949 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.