gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Storage stability of synfuels from oil shale. 1. General features of sediment formation in model fuel systems (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStorage stability of synfuels from oil shale. 1. General features of sediment formation in model fuel systemsJohn W. Frankenfeld, William F. Taylor, and Dennis W. BrinkmanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1983, 22, 4, 608–614Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300012a018https://doi.org/10.1021/i300012a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cyclosporine A induced changes to plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant defences (2005)

Organ transplant recipients develop pronounced cardiovascular disease, and decreased antioxidant capacity in plasma and erythrocytes is associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. These experiments tested the hypothesis that the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA) alters erythrocyte redox balance and reduces plasma antioxidant capacity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control or CsA treated group. Treatment animals received 25 mg/kg/day of CsA via intraperitoneal injection for 18 days. Control rats were injected with the same volume of the vehicle. Three hours after the final CsA injection, rats were exsanguinated and plasma analysed for total antioxidant status (TAS), alpha-tocopherol, malondialdehyde (MDA), and creatinine. Erythrocytes were analysed for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities, alpha-tocopherol, and MDA. CsA administration resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in plasma TAS and significant increases (P < 0.05) in plasma creatinine and MDA. Erythrocyte CAT was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in CsA treated rats compared to controls. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in erythrocyte SOD, GPX, G6PD, alpha-tocopherol or MDA between groups. In summary, CsA alters erythrocyte antioxidant defence and decreases plasma total antioxidant capacity.
Detection of botnet collusion by degree distribution of domains (2010)

Malicious botnets threaten the Internet by DDoS-attacks, spam, information theft and other criminal activities. They are using increasingly sophisticated techniques to hide the Command and Control traffic. Many existing detection techniques can be defeated by encryption, tunneling in popular protocols, delays, and flow perturbation. We introduce a new DNS-based detection approach, that detects botnet collusion by anomalies in the degree distribution of visited domains, without any assumption about message content and statistical properties of the traffic. The proposed technique is difficult to evade, without major changes in the bot Command and Control Infrastructure or reduced utility. We evaluate evasion possibilities, derive a theoretical model of the detector performance and test the detector with a combination of captured Internet traffic and simulated botnet-traffic.
Early Childhood Curriculum Reform in China (2011)

Two waves of reform have been conducted in China since the 1980s to transform its early childhood curriculum into a Western-style, progressive model. Western curricula and programs such as the Montessori method, the project approach, the Reggio Emilia method, and the high/scope method have been imported and adopted all over the country. But the top-down reforms and these "imported" ideas have been challenged by scholars and practitioners. Aiming to understand how practices in kindergartens measure up with the reform objectives, the present study investigated the teachers' beliefs and practices in five Shenzhen kindergartens' literacy instruction. Altogether, ten early childhood classrooms were observed for one school week, and the ten classroom teachers were interviewed about the observed Chinese teaching practices. The teachers and teaching assistants of the ten classes (N = 20) were also surveyed about their teaching beliefs and practices. The results indicated a remarkable belief-practice gap as well as a policy-practice gap. Most of the curriculum reform ideas were expressed by the teachers in their self-reported beliefs but had not been implemented in their teaching practice. The traditional Chinese model with the teacher directing the whole-class session was still dominating. Slight differences were also found among the ten classes, which reflect the cascading effects of curriculum reform. These findings suggest that curriculum reforms should take into consideration the culture, language, teachers, parents, resources available, and the prevailing education system.
A comparative analysis of the colour matching ability of dentists, dental students, and ceramic technicians (1977)

This paper compares the colour matching ability of dentists, dental students, and ceramic technicians. It examines the roles that experience and colour defective vision may also play in the correct matching of dental colours.
Soluble CD23 Monomers Inhibit and Oligomers Stimulate IGE Synthesis in Human B Cells (2007)

The low affinity IgE receptor, CD23, is implicated in IgE regulation and the pathogenesis of allergic disease. CD23 is a type II integral membrane protein, comprising a lectin "head," N-terminal "stalk," and C-terminal "tail" in the extracellular sequence. Endogenous proteases cleave CD23 in the stalk and the tail to release soluble fragments that either stimulate or inhibit IgE synthesis in human B cells. The molecular basis of these paradoxical activities is not understood. We have characterized three fragments of CD23, monomeric derCD23, monomeric exCD23, and oligomeric lzCD23. We show that the monomers inhibit and the oligomer stimulates IgE synthesis in human B cells after heavy chain switching to IgE. CD23 fragments could be targets for therapeutic intervention in allergic disease.
Holographic optical tweezers aberration correction using adaptive optics without a wavefront sensor (2006)

Holographic or diffractive optical components, such as a spatial light modulator (SLM), can be used in optical tweezers for the creation of multiple and modified optical traps. In addition to this, SLMs can also be used to correct for aberrations within the optical train resulting in an improved trapping performance. Typically an electrically addressed SLM may deviate from flatness by up to 4λ, dominated by astigmatism due to the overall curvature of the SLM surface. This astigmatism may be corrected by adding the appropriate hologram to the SLM display resulting in a dramatic improvement in the fidelity of the focussed spot. The impact that this correction has on the performance of the optical trap is most noticeable for small particles. For the SLM used in this study, the improvement in trap performance for a 0.8 μm diameter particles can be in excess of 25%. However, for 5 μm diameter particles our results show an improvement of less than 0.5%. This dependence upon particle size is most probably associated with the relative size of the PSF and the trapped particle. Once the PSF is significantly smaller than the particle diameter, further reduction brings little improvement in trap performance.
Studies of the Cross-linking Process in Gelatin Gels. III. Dependence of Melting Point on Concentration and Molecular Weight (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of the Cross-linking Process in Gelatin Gels. III. Dependence of Melting Point on Concentration and Molecular WeightJohn E. Eldridge and John D. FerryCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1954, 58, 11, 992–995Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/j150521a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2084Altmetric-Citations358LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (485 KB) Get e-Alerts
<i>Patched 1</i> conditional null allele in mice (2003)

The patched gene (Ptc) is a member of the hedgehog signaling pathway which plays a central role in the development of many invertebrate and vertebrate tissues. In addition, Ptc and a number of other pathway members are mutated in some common human cancers. Patched is the receptor for the hedgehog ligand and in the mouse ablation of the Ptc gene leads to developmental defects and an embryonic lethal phenotype. Here we describe a conditional Ptc allele in mice which will have utility for the temporospatial ablation of Ptc function.
Design synthesis and use of peptoids in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer (2016)

Genetic variations in cancer cells are the underpinning for the development of resistance and failure of the treatment by current anticancer drugs. Thus, an ideal drug must overcome failure of treatment and prevents development of drug resistance. There are a wide variety of emerging, easy to prepare and cost effective group of drugs that are collectively called peptoids or peptidomimetics. These new set of drugs exhibit distinct features including protease resistance, are non-immunogenic, do not hinder functionality and backbone polarity, and can adopt different conformations. These drugs have shown promise as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in a wide variety of diseases. Here, we discuss the recent advancement in the design and synthesis of peptoids and use of these drugs in the diganosis and treatment of a wide number of cancers of the lung, prostate, and breast.
AMLCD with integrated drivers made with amorphous‐silicon TFTs (1995)

Abstract— An active matrix LCD with integrated drivers was developed using a standard amorphous silicon TFT technology. Despite the low mobility, the high threshold voltage and high parasitic capacitance of this technology compared to polysilicon technologies, we have built an high performance light valve for projection application. We shall discuss the topology and the main features of the integrated row and column drivers and the matrix.
Towards Cloud and Terminal Collaborative Mobile Social Network Service (2010)

Mobile Social Network Service has been broadly researched on nowadays, however few people tries to explain the essence of MSNS, which leads to no common architecture for MSNS system. Consequently, in this article we compares the Mobile Social Network Service (MSNS) with the Social Network Service (SNS) in several aspects and present a perspective on future vision of mobile social network by analyzing the differences between MSNS and SNS. Then we have also drew a conclusion that MSNS has four basic features: 1) Activity-based; 2) Mobility and Context-based; 3) Rely on mobile devices; 4) Open platform; Moreover, based on such features of MSNS, we proposed a suit of rules as the principles to design MSNS system, based on which we found that Widget/Server (W/S) should be the suitable architecture model for MSNS by comparing W/S with Browser/Server (B/S) model and Client/Server (C/S) model. As a result of this view, we introduce the conceptual future MSNS architecture-CTC-MSNS, which consists of three main elements: Mobile SNS Widget Engine (MSNSWE), Core Social Service Server Farm (CSSSF), and Activity-Based Service Server Farm (ABSSF), all of which work in an open, collaborative and loosely coupled mechanism. In this paper, the details of the three elements of CTC-MSNS and how such architecture could be implemented are also presented.
Novel Cross Talk of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 and β-Catenin Regulates Normal Intestinal Homeostasis and Tumor Repression (2006)

Epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa undergo a continual process of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis which is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway plays a critical role in this process. Mutations in the Wnt pathway, however, are associated with colorectal cancers. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is an epithelial transcriptional factor that is down-regulated in many colorectal cancers. Here, we show that KLF4 interacts with beta-catenin and represses beta-catenin-mediated gene expression. Moreover, KLF4 inhibits the axis formation of Xenopus embryos and inhibits xenograft tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Our findings suggest that the cross talk of KLF4 and beta-catenin plays a critical role in homeostasis of the normal intestine as well as in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancers.
Mucosal mast cells are involved in CCK disruption of MMC in the rat intestine (1998)

Our aim was to determine if mucosal mast cells could be activated by endogenous CCK and, as a consequence, mediate CCK actions in the small intestine. Rats were prepared for electromyography to record electrical activity in the small intestine. In another group of animals, the duodenum was perfused to measure rat mast cell protease II (RMCP II) as indicative of mast cell degranulation. Endogenous CCK release was induced by administration of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) in conscious rats or by intraduodenal perfusion of ovalbumin hydrolysate (OVH) in anesthetized rats. CCK concentration was measured by bioassay on pancreatic acini. SBTI in control rats disrupted migrating motor complexes (MMC) for >40 min. In rats treated with the mast cell stabilizer ketotifen, SBTI did not induce any change in the MMC pattern. RMCP II concentration in the duodenal perfusate significantly increased after OVH. Perfusate from ketotifen-treated animals did not show any significant increase in RMCP II values during OVH perfusion, although CCK plasma concentration was not different from the control group. Furthermore, infusion of the CCK-B receptor antagonist L-365,260 significantly blocked the increase of RMCP II concentration after OVH. Our results indicate that mucosal mast cells are degranulated by endogenous CCK release through stimulation of CCK-B receptors. Therefore mucosal mast cells participate in CCK intestinal actions.
Metabolic Profiling Uncovers a Phenotypic Signature of Small for Gestational Age in Early Pregnancy (2011)

Being born small for gestational age (SGA) confers increased risks of perinatal morbidity and mortality and increases the risk of cardiovascular complications and diabetes in later life. Accumulating evidence suggests that the etiology of SGA is usually associated with poor placental vascular development in early pregnancy. We examined metabolomic profiles using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) in three independent studies: (a) venous cord plasma from normal and SGA babies, (b) plasma from a rat model of placental insufficiency and controls, and (c) early pregnancy peripheral plasma samples from women who subsequently delivered a SGA baby and controls. Multivariate analysis by cross-validated Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) of all 3 studies showed a comprehensive and similar disruption of plasma metabolism. A multivariate predictive model combining 19 metabolites produced by a Genetic Algorithm-based search program gave an Odds Ratio for developing SGA of 44, with an area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve of 0.9. Sphingolipids, phospholipids, carnitines, and fatty acids were among this panel of metabolites. The finding of a consistent discriminatory metabolite signature in early pregnancy plasma preceding the onset of SGA offers insight into disease pathogenesis and offers the promise of a robust presymptomatic screening test.
Amperometric Detection of Nucleic Acid at Femtomolar Levels with a Nucleic Acid/Electrochemical Activator Bilayer on Gold Electrode (2004)

Cationic redox polymers containing osmium−bipyridine complexes strongly interact with anionic enzymes, such as glucose oxidase and peroxidases, and electrochemically “activate” the enzymes. On the basis of these observations, attempts were made to develop an ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensor. A mixed monolayer of single-stranded oligonucleotide capture probe and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid was formed on a gold electrode through self-assembly. Following hybridization with a complementary nucleic acid and glucose oxidase labeled oligonucleotide detection probe, a cationic redox polymer (electrochemical activator) overcoating was applied to the electrode through layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly. The formation of an anionic−cationic bilayer brought the glucose oxidase in electrical contact with the redox polymer, making the bilayer an electrocatalyst for the oxidation of glucose. Thus, nucleic acid molecules were quantified amperometrically at femtomolar levels. The effect of experimental variables on the amperometric response was investigated and optimized to maximize the sensitivity and speed up the assay time. A detection limit of 1.0 fmol/L in 1.0-μL droplets and a linear current−concentration relationship up to 800 fmol/L were attained following a 30-min hybridization. The biosensor was applied to the detection of the 16S gene in a mixture of Escherichia coli 16S + 32S rRNA and a full-length rat housekeeping gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), of a RT-PCR product.
Efficient and Secure Service-Oriented Authentication Supporting Network Slicing for 5G-Enabled IoT (2018)

5G network is considered as a key enabler in meeting continuously increasing demands for the future Internet of Things (IoT) services, including high data rate, numerous devices connection, and low service latency. To satisfy these demands, network slicing and fog computing have been envisioned as the promising solutions in service-oriented 5G architecture. However, security paradigms enabling authentication and confidentiality of 5G communications for IoT services remain elusive, but indispensable. In this paper, we propose an efficient and secure service-oriented authentication framework supporting network slicing and fog computing for 5G-enabled IoT services. Specifically, users can efficiently establish connections with 5G core network and anonymously access IoT services under their delegation through proper network slices of 5G infrastructure selected by fog nodes based on the slice/service types of accessing services. The privacy-preserving slice selection mechanism is introduced to preserve both configured slice types and accessing service types of users. In addition, session keys are negotiated among users, local fogs and IoT servers to guarantee secure access of service data in fog cache and remote servers with low latency. We evaluate the performance of the proposed framework through simulations to demonstrate its efficiency and feasibility under 5G infrastructure.
<title>Fundamental analysis on fabrication of 256-MB DRAM using phase-shift mask technology</title> (1994)

This paper describes the phase shift mask (PSM) effects in view of production using i-line lithography. For the PSM technology, it was hard to control process because the process condition was limited by the exposure tool. To fabricate the 256MB DRAM with 0.25 micrometers minimum feature size (MFS), we evaluated the PSM including attenuated type for conventional patterns and a 0.25 micrometers cell array using positive and negative tone phase shift mask for actual process. Furthermore, we applied various approaches to get a sufficient depth of focus (DOF) and high resolution using an i-line system with 0.57 NA, an off-axis illumination system, low partial coherence factor, and process in cases of alternating, subresolution, and attenuated type of phase shift mask. As a result, even if pattern delineation was possible, we should optimize design, topology structure, and process to get enough DOF margin, good uniformity, and high repeatability for device fabrication.
Studies on the differentiation of T lymphocytes in sheep. II. Two monoclonal antibodies that recognize all ovine T lymphocytes. (1986)

Two mouse monoclonal cytotoxic antibodies (ST-1a and ST-1b) recognize an antigen present on the large majority of thymocytes and all T cells in the periphery, but not B cells or other haemopoietic cells in sheep. Examination of frozen sections of various fetal tissues revealed that the cells expressing this antigen first appeared in the thymus, and these cells markedly increase in numbers in the peripheral lymphoid tissues after mid-gestation. Large accumulations of positive cells were located in the paracortex of lymph nodes, the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath of the spleen, and interfollicular areas of jejunal Peyer's patches, all of which are known to be T-dependent areas. Treatment of lymphocytes with ST-1a and complement resulted in the abrogation of T-proliferative responses, but the response to a B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide, was not reduced. Neither ST-1a nor ST-1b cross-reacted to lymphocytes obtained from other species of animals (man, monkey, mouse, rat, guinea-pig, chicken, frog, pig, horse, goat and cattle). Based on these findings, it was concluded that the expression of the antigen recognized by ST-1a and ST-1b is restricted to the T-cell lineage of sheep, and that all ovine T cells express this antigen. Furthermore, ST-1a and ST-1b were determined to recognize the same antigen by reciprocal blocking experiments.
Gene silencing through methylation: An epigenetic intervention on Alzheimer disease (2006)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is among the few diseases that may display high homocysteine (HCY) and low B12 and folate in blood. This observation has raised the suspect that amyloid-beta overproduction and accumulation, which may be the cause of the disease, could be due to the loss of epigenetic control in the expression of the genes involved in AbetaPP (amyloid-beta protein precursor) processing. We have shown, in cell culture, that two of the genes responsible for amyloid-beta production are controlled by the methylation of their promoters. The process is strictly related to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism. SAM is a natural compound, mainly produced by the liver, which has been found at very low concentrations in AD brains. A further support to this thesis came from the observation that in elderly DNA methylations are consistently lower than in young and mid aged people. We are actually experimenting in transgenic mice the possibility to prevent or to arrest amyloid-beta accumulation, through SAM administration, and therefore its significance and the use of this drug for the treatment of the disease.