gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enterobacterial common antigen-tetanus toxoid conjugate as immunogen (1983)

The methods of limited periodate oxidation and reductive amination were used to obtain covalently linked enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) with tetanus toxoid. This procedure is simple and gives a good yield of the conjugate with high ECA content (molecular ratio of ECA to tetanus toxoid, 6:1). The ECA-tetanus toxoid conjugate is immunogenic in rabbits, in contrast to free ECA or a mixture of ECA with proteins. This conjugate produces high levels of ECA-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies, which can be used as a standard serum.
Active Electronic Arrays for Genotyping of NAT2 Polymorphisms (2001)

The N -acetyltransferase 2 ( NAT2) gene is autosomal, dominant, and intronless with an open reading frame of 870 bp. It is located on chromosome 8p22. NAT2 enzyme detoxifies and inactivates drugs and xenobiotics in the liver. NAT2 polymorphisms confer phenotypes categorized as slow, intermediate, or rapid acetylators with broad interethnic variation. There are 26 known alleles, and each allelic variant is a combination of one, two, three, or four nucleotide substitutions. Within the coding region there are seven missense mutations (G191A, T341C, A434C, G590A, A803G, A845C, and G857A) and four silent mutations (T111C, C282T, C481T, and C759T) (1)(2). The wild-type NAT2*4 allele is associated with the rapid acetylator phenotype and does not have any nucleotide substitutions. The phenotype can be predicted with 95% accuracy by genotyping. (3)(4)(5).

We present a method for performing multiple-polymorphism genotyping of the NAT2 gene. A single amplification of NAT2 is performed with sequential probing for multiple polymorphisms by active electronic arrays. The method permits application of multiple DNA samples in singleton for high-throughput genotyping. Rapid high-throughput determination of genotypes may aid in clinical epidemiology studies and in routine clinical practice.

Published primer sequences were used to perform PCR to generate a 1212-bp amplicon (6). The primers were 5′-AAT TAG TCA CAC GAG GA-3′ (forward) and 5′-biotin-TCT AGC ATG AAT CAC TCT G-3′ (reverse). The biotinylated primers permit capturing of the amplicons to the microarray surface where they remain embedded through interaction with streptavidin in the permeation layer. The agarose permeation layer containing streptavidin coats the microarray, separating the biological materials from the harsh electrochemical environment, and allows binding of biotinylated amplicons (7).

The PCR reaction mixture consisted of 5 μL of 10× buffer (Applied Biosystems), 1 μL of dNTPs (10 mM each dNTP; …
Photothermal alternative to device fabrication using atomic precision advanced manufacturing techniques (2020)

The attachment of dopant precursor molecules to depassivated areas of hydrogen-terminated silicon templated with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been used to create electronic devices with sub-nanometer precision, typically for quantum physics demonstrations, and to dope silicon past the solid-solubility limit, with potential applications in microelectronics and plasmonics. However, this process, which we call atomic precision advanced manufacturing (APAM), currently lacks the throughput required to develop sophisticated applications because there is no proven scalable hydrogen lithography pathway. Here, we demonstrate and characterize an APAM device workflow where STM lithography has been replaced with photolithography. An ultraviolet laser is shown to locally heat silicon controllably above the temperature required for hydrogen depassivation. STM images indicate a narrow range of laser energy density where hydrogen has been depassivated, and the surface remains well-ordered. A model for photothermal heating of silicon predicts a local temperature which is consistent with atomic-scale STM images of the photo-patterned regions. Finally, a simple device made by exposing photo-depassivated silicon to phosphine is found to have a carrier density and mobility similar to that produced by similar devices patterned by STM.
Investigation of the direct electromigration term for Al nanodots within the depletion zone of a <i>pn</i> junction (2003)

We have investigated the effect of the large field produced within the depletion region of a pn junction on the shapes and positions of aluminum nanodots. Dots of 10–60 nm diameter were fabricated by the application of voltage pulses between an Al-coated scanning tunneling microscopy tip and the Si substrate. Reverse bias conditions produce an intense field (104–105 V/cm), but the current density is quite small (∼10−2 A/cm2). This electric field dominated configuration provides a unique model system for the separation of the two components of electromigration, direct and wind forces. We find that even after several tens of hours the observed motion of Al is confined to small changes in dot shape, with no evident motion of the dots as a whole. Our observations are consistent with a strong adhesion between the dots and the underlying substrate and a dominant direct force term.
Autoencoding beyond pixels using a learned similarity metric (2016)

We present an autoencoder that leverages learned representations to better measure similarities in data space. By combining a variational autoencoder (VAE) with a generative adversarial network (GAN) we can use learned feature representations in the GAN discriminator as basis for the VAE reconstruction objective. Thereby, we replace element-wise errors with feature-wise errors to better capture the data distribution while offering invariance towards e.g. translation. We apply our method to images of faces and show that it outperforms VAEs with element-wise similarity measures in terms of visual fidelity. Moreover, we show that the method learns an embedding in which high-level abstract visual features (e.g. wearing glasses) can be modified using simple arithmetic.
Development of a guided wave inspection technique for rock bolts (2002)

Rock bolts are used to reinforce coal mine roadways, and a suitable non-destructive test for their integrity is required. Previous work has shown that high frequency, low-leakage guided waves can be used to inspect straight rock bolts, and an alternative mode is required to inspect bolts that have become deformed through ground movement. This paper examines the suitability of lower frequency modes for such a test, through the modelling of wave behavior and the analysis of test results.
Evaluation of pilus vaccines for prevention of experimental otitis media caused by nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (1989)

KARASIC, RAYMOND B. MD; BESTE, DAVID J. MD; -M. TO, SAM C. PHD; DOYLE, WILLIAM J. PHD; WOOD, SARAH W. SCD; CARTER, MELINDA J. BS; -C. TO, AGNES C. MS; TANPOWPONG, KUNCHITTHAPE MD; BLUESTONE, CHARLES D. MD; BRINTON, CHARLES C. JR. PHD Author Information
Effect of bitter substances on a model membrane system of taste reception. (1986)

The effect of bitter substances on the self-sustained electric oscillation of a DOPH (dioleyl phosphate)-Millipore membrane was investigated as a model system of taste reception. Caffeine and theobromine, having higher taste thresholds, had slight effect, but quinine, strychnine and nicotine, exhibiting strong bitterness, increased the frequency of the oscillation. The mode of action of bitter substances on the DOPH-Millipore membrane in the non-oscillatory state suggested that they cause the receptor potential by a change in the phase boundary potential. The intensity of action on the electric potential was associated with the threshold values of bitterness.
Ruthenium–Amido Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity in Olefin Metathesis (2012)

Unprecedented amido derivatives of the first-, second-, and third-generation Grubbs ruthenium catalysts were prepared, characterized, and tested in ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of model dienes. In the ruthenium–amide (formally: 2-ruthenaindole) form, these complexes exhibit nearly no activity in RCM. However, a dramatic increase of activity was observed upon in situ activation with an ethereal solution of HCl (see figure). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Dual Properties of the Deacetylated Sites in Chitosan for Molecular Immobilization and Biofunctional Effects (2004)

Polypropylene nonwoven fabric was surface-activated by high-density oxygen microwave plasma, followed by graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc) and then coupling with chitosan molecules. The pAAc-grafted surface containing C=O in carboxylic acid exhibited a hydrophilic character capable of promoting water absorbency. A larger portion of minimum 85% deacetylated sites in chitosan molecules was then coupled with the grafted pAAc (around 149 microg.cm(-2)) by forming amide bonds at their interface. The covalently bonded chitosan was weighted around 44 microg.cm(-2). The smaller portion of the deacetylated sites demonstrated a distinctive structure as polycations, i.e., NH(3)(+), on the immobilized chitosan. The respective structures following sequential reactions were identified using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with peaks deconvolution. The NH(3)(+) sites on the immobilized chitosan exhibited biofunctional in anticoagulation and in antibacterial property. Blood cells agglutination or agglomeration upon the chitosan-immobilized surface, in particular for red blood cells and platelets, resulted from hydrophilic effect derived from the grafted pAAc and the chitosan itself, and ionic attractions between polycations and blood cells. In addition, the agglutinated cells retained their original morphologies. It is therefore very promising to apply this durable chitosan-immobilized surface for making an antibacterial support, at the same time, for retaining blood cell affinity.
Chemoprevention of spontaneous tumorigenesis in nullizygous p53- deficient mice by dehydroepiandrosterone and its analog 16alpha-fluoro- 5-androsten-17-one (1997)

Transgenic mice with both alleles of the p53 tumor suppressor gene product 'knocked out' by gene targeting are susceptible to early development of tumors, chiefly lymphomas and sarcomas. Compared with the control group, administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at 0.3% of the diet to male p53-deficient mice extended their lifespan by delaying death due to neoplasms (from 105 to 166 days on study, P = 0.002), primarily by suppressing lymphoblastic lymphoma (from 45 to 6% of neoplastic deaths, P = 0.010). Treatment with a synthetic DHEA analog, 16alpha-fluoro-5-androsten-17-one (compound 8354), at 0.15% of the diet also increased lifespan, to 140 days for mice that developed tumors (P = 0.037). The effects of these steroids on lifespan and tumor development did not appear to be strongly related to inhibition of food consumption and weight gain, in that a group pair-fed with control diet to the reduced food consumption of the DHEA-treated group developed and died of the same types of neoplasms at the same rate as the controls fed ad libitum. The chemopreventive effect of these steroids has been proposed to be due to suppression of DNA synthesis by inhibition of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. Although DHEA and its analog are strong non-competitive inhibitors of this enzyme in vitro, treatment with DHEA did not deplete cellular nucleotide pools in the liver, as would have been predicted. The chemopreventive effect of DHEA in this model may be due to steroid-induced thymic atrophy and suppression of T cell lymphoma, permitting these mice to survive long enough to develop tumors with longer latency.
Sequential mRNA Expression for Immediate Early Genes, Cytokines, and Neurotrophins in Spinal Cord Injury (2000)

In this communication, we demonstrate the sequential expression of endogenous molecules, including immediate early genes (IEGs), cytokines, neurotrophins, and neurotrophin receptors in the injured spinal cord. In the acute phase, expression of IEGs and cytokines mRNAs were rapidly upregulated within 1 h in nonneuronal cells in the lesioned sites and the surrounding spinal white and gray matter. Maximal expression was observed at 1 h for c-fos and TNF-alpha mRNAs, at 3 h for c-jun and IL-6 mRNAs, and at 6 h for IL-1 beta mRNA, and these signals were virtually nondetectable after 6-12 h from the onset of the injury. Some of these genes products may promote the degeneration of damaged cells and tissues, while others may be involved in the subsequent repair processes. In the subacute phase, expression of NGF, BDNF, NT-3, p75LNGFR and Trk B mRNAs began to increase in the nonneuronal cells and neuronal cells from 6 h, and peaked at 24-72 h in the area where expression of mRNAs for IEGs and cytokines overlapped. Signals for IL-6 mRNA were also observed in motoneurons at 24-72 h after the injury, with the suggestion that these molecules may be involved in promoting axonal sprouting in the injured spinal cord. Of further interest was the finding that this upregulation of IL-1 beta, BDNF, and NT-3 mRNAs in injured spinal cord was attenuated by treatment with high dose glucocorticoids, with the suggestion that the downregulation of BDNF and NT-3 might be disadvantageous to survival and axonal sprouting of spinal neurons.
Drug‐induced modifications of the immune response part 94‐(Arylamino)‐2,5‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐<i>N</i>‐(<i>trans</i>‐2‐phenylcycolopropyl)furan‐3‐carboxamides as Novel Antiallergic Compounds (1987)

Abstract The synthesis and antiallergic activity of a series of 4‐(arylamino)‐2,5‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐ N ‐( trans ‐2‐phenyl‐cyclopropyl)furan‐3‐carboxamides 10 are described. Treatment of N ‐substituted 2‐amino‐4,5‐dihydro‐4‐oxofuran‐3‐carboxylic acids 9 with chlorooxobis(2‐oxo‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐3‐yl)phosphorus ( 2 ) and an appropriate aromatic amine in the presence of Et 3 N, resulted in a novel 3(2 H )‐furanone‐→2(5 H )‐furanone rearrangement that led to the facile preparation of the new amides 10 . The latter exerted a potent antiallergic activity when tested in the dermal vascular permeability and active anaphylaxis assays in rats. The most active compound 10b inhibited the action of serotonin, histamine, and bradykinin by 94, 92, and 100%, respectively, when administered intraperitoneally to rats at doses of 100 mg/kg. The present series of 10 represents a novel class of antiallergic agents.
Über die drucksenkende Wirkung von Latanoprost 0,005% (1998)

The dye-dilution technique proves that latanoprost 0.005% influences the outflow of the human eye. The better the outflow, the greater the pressure drop in the eye. The experiment nicely shows that photometric quantification of 2-nitrophenyl-acetate is a simple, reliable test for the knowledge of the aqueous humor outflow.
Matrix metalloproteinase activity correlates with blastema formation in the regenerating MRL mouse ear hole model (2003)

The MRL mouse was proposed as a model of mammalian regeneration because it can close ear holes completely with the restoration of normal tissue. This regeneration process involves the formation of a blastema during healing, the re-appearance of cartilage and hair follicles, and healing without scarring. Such a process requires extensive tissue remodeling. To characterize differences in ear wounding responses between regenerating and nonregenerating mice, we examined and compared the extracellular matrix remodeling and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) response in the MRL and C57BL/6 mouse strains after injury. We found a correlation between the MRL's ability to break down the basement membrane, form a blastema, and close ear hole wounds and an inflammatory response with neutrophils and macrophages seen in the ear after injury. These cells were positive for MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as TIMP-2 and TIMP-3. Clear differences between the MRL and B6 response to injury were seen that could explain the differences in healing and blastema formation in the MRL and lack of it in the B6 mice. This finding was further supported by enzyme activity as determined by gelatin zymography.
The first-in-class anti-CD47 antibody Hu5F9-G4 is active and well tolerated alone or with azacitidine in AML and MDS patients: Initial phase 1b results. (2019)

7009 Background: Hu5F9-G4 (5F9) is an antibody targeting CD47, a macrophage immune checkpoint and “don’t eat me” signal on cancers. CD47 blockade induces tumor phagocytosis and eliminates leukemia stem cells (LSC) in AML models. Azacitidine (AZA) synergizes with 5F9 by inducing “eat me” signals on AML, enhancing phagocytosis. This trial explored the safety/efficacy of 5F9 alone or with AZA in AML/MDS patients (pts). Methods: This Phase 1b treated: r/r AML/MDS pts with 5F9; and untreated AML (induction chemo ineligible) and higher risk MDS pts with 5F9+AZA. A 5F9 priming/intrapatient dose escalation regimen (1-30 mg/kg weekly) was used to mitigate on target anemia. Results: 10 (6 AML, 4 MDS) r/r pts received 5F9 (median 2 prior therapies (range 1-6). 24 untreated pts (15 AML, 9 MDS) received 5F9+AZA. In total, median age was 73, 62% of AML pts were intermediate or poor cytogenetic risk (38% unknown), all MDS pts were intermediate or high risk by IPSS-R. 5F9 alone or with AZA was well-tolerated with no MTD reached. 5F9 did not potentiate AZA toxicities. Treatment-related AEs ( > 10% of pts) for 5F9+AZA were anemia (25%), thrombocytopenia (20%), and infusion reactions (15%). In 25 efficacy evaluable pts, 8/15 (53%) untreated AML/MDS pts had a CR/CRi to 5F9+AZA (5/10 (50%) in AML, 3/5 (60%) in MDS). 1/10 (10%) r/r AML/MDS pts had a response (MLFS) to 5F9 alone. LSC frequency was reduced/eliminated in most 5F9+aza responders; 50% of responders were MRD negative by flow cytometry. 4/10 (40%) AML pts became RBC transfusion independent and 4/5 (80%) MDS pts had hematologic improvement. Time to response was more rapid (median 1.9 mos) than expected for AZA alone. As of Jan 2019, no responder has relapsed (median follow-up of 3.4 mos (range 1.1 – 6.8 mos). 2 pts had successful allogeneic transplant. Conclusions: 5F9+AZA is a novel immunotherapy blocking a key macrophage checkpoint. It has been well tolerated with robust activity in AML/MDS pts with rapid CRs and MRD negativity. Adding 5F9 to cytotoxic agents may be a promising treatment strategy. An expansion cohort is ongoing. Funded by Forty Seven and the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. Clinical trial information: NCT03248479.
Care and safety of pacemaker electrodes in intensive care and telemetry nursing units (1997)

Temporary pacing electrodes were usually handled in an electrically safe manner; however, little attention was paid to environmental sources of microshock or connections between the generator and the cable. Although the respondents reported using a variety of insulating materials, the ideal cover for the exposed tips of the electrodes has not yet been determined.
Reactive oxygen species activate a Ca2+-dependent cell death pathway in the unicellular organism Trypanosoma brucei brucei (1999)

Here we examine a cell death process induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the haemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Ca2+ distribution in cellular compartments was measured with stable transformants expressing aequorin targeted to the cytosol, nucleus or mitochondrion. Within 1.5 h of ROS production, mitochondrial Ca2+ transport was impaired and the Ca2+ barrier between the nuclear envelope and cytosol was disrupted. Consequently the mitochondrion did not accumulate Ca2+ efficiently in response to an extracellular stimulus, and excess Ca2+ accumulated in the nucleus. The terminal transferase deoxytidyl uridine end labelling assay revealed that, 5 h after treatment with ROS, extensive fragmentation of nuclear DNA occurred in over 90% of the cells. Permeability changes in the plasma membrane did not occur until an additional 2 h had elapsed. The intracellular Ca2+ buffer, EGTA acetoxymethyl ester, prevented DNA fragmentation and prolonged the onset of changes in cell permeability. Despite some similarities to apoptosis, nuclease activation was not a consequence of caspase 3, caspase 1, calpain, serine protease, cysteine protease or proteasome activity. Moreover, trypanosomes expressing mouse Bcl-2 were not protected from ROS even though protection from mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS have been reported for mammalian cells. Overall, these results demonstrate that Ca2+ pathways can induce pathology in trypanosomes, although the specific proteins involved might be distinct from those in metazoans.
Active Learning for Structured Prediction from Partially Labeled Data (2017)

We propose a general purpose active learning algorithm for structured prediction, gathering labeled data for training a model that outputs a set of related labels for an image or video. Active learning starts with a limited initial training set, then iterates querying a user for labels on unlabeled data and retraining the model. We propose a novel algorithm for selecting data for labeling, choosing examples to maximize expected information gain based on belief propagation inference. This is a general purpose method and can be applied to a variety of tasks or models. As a specific example we demonstrate this framework for learning to recognize human actions and group activities in video sequences. Experiments show that our proposed algorithm outperforms previous active learning methods and can achieve accuracy comparable to fully supervised methods while utilizing significantly less labeled data.
Correspondence re: S. Beá et al., BMI-1 gene amplification and overexpression in hematological malignancies occur mainly in mantle cell lymphomas. Cancer Res., 61: 2409-2412, 2001. (2002)

In the article “ BMI-1 gene amplification and overexpression in hematological malignancies occur mainly in mantle cell lymphomas,” Bea et al. [(1)][1] report on expression of the BMI-1 PcG[1][2] gene in various human hematological malignancies and carcinomas. BMI-1 expression was assessed by
Changing Faces (1994)

Smith, Dorothy B. RN, MS, ET, OCN, FAAN; Gray, Mikel PhD, CURN, CCCN, JOURNAL Editor; Bryant, Ruth RN, MS, CETN, WOCN President Author Information