gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting latent TGFβ release in muscular dystrophy (2014)

Latent transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) binding proteins (LTBPs) bind to inactive TGFβ in the extracellular matrix. In mice, muscular dystrophy symptoms are intensified by a genetic polymorphism that changes the hinge region of LTBP, leading to increased proteolytic susceptibility and TGFβ release. We have found that the hinge region of human LTBP4 was also readily proteolysed and that proteolysis could be blocked by an antibody to the hinge region. Transgenic mice were generated to carry a bacterial artificial chromosome encoding the human LTBP4 gene. These transgenic mice displayed larger myofibers, increased damage after muscle injury, and enhanced TGFβ signaling. In the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the human LTBP4 transgene exacerbated muscular dystrophy symptoms and resulted in weaker muscles with an increased inflammatory infiltrate and greater LTBP4 cleavage in vivo. Blocking LTBP4 cleavage may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce TGFβ release and activity and decrease inflammation and muscle damage in muscular dystrophy.
Characterization of Various Immunoglobulin Preparationsfor Intravenous Application (1982)

14 immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use were tested to assess functions of their Fc portion. Inhibition of the hemolytic activity of complement, Clq binding and the interaction of IgG subclasses with Staphylococcus protein A were investigated. Complement studies were done on both the ready-for-infusion and the heat-aggregated preparations. Three groups of products could be distinguished: (1) Enzymatically and chemically treated products were devoid of complement-activating capacity, both when tested as ready-for-infusion and as heat-aggregated preparations. The chemically treated preparations showed atypical binding properties to Staphylococcus protein A. (2) The poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-treated preparations and the untreated reference activated complement before and after heat-aggregation. (3) The albumin protected and the pH 4-treated product did not spontaneously activate complement in the ready-for-infusion state but did so after heat-aggregation. These results suggest that only the albumin-protected and the pH 4-treated products can be expected both to be well tolerated when given intravenously to high-risk agammaglobulinémie patients and to exhibit normal Fc functions in vivo.
Real-time control of a prosthetic hand using human electrocorticography signals (2011)

The present integrated BMI system successfully decoded the hand movements of a poststroke patient and controlled a prosthetic hand in real time. This success paves the way for the restoration of the patient's motor function using a prosthetic arm controlled by a BMI using ECoG signals.
<i>Xanthomonas albilineans</i> and the antipathogenesis approach to disease control (2001)

Xylem-invading pathogen, transmitted in cuttings, mechanically, and by wind-blown rain. Produces albicidin toxins that block prokaryotic DNA replication and plastid development, causing chlorosis in emerging leaves. Albicidins interfere with host resistance mechanisms, allowing systemic invasion. Strains vary in virulence. Agronomic importance and control: Sugarcane leaf scald is a widespread and devastating disease. Eradication is impractical because of alternative hosts. Measures to reduce inoculum sources and transmission can reduce losses. Long-term control requires sugarcane varieties with introgressed resistance, thus limiting gains from breeding. Antipathogenesis approach: By understanding key pathogenicity factors (such as albicidins), it may be possible to develop new control strategies, including novel resistance genes to rescue susceptible varieties. Useful web site:http://cygnus.tamu.edu/Texlab/Sugarcrops/Sugarcane/sugarc.html.
Threading Cyclodextrin Rings on Polymer Chains (1992)

Another form of molecular self-assembly—the threading and unthreading of ring-shaped molecules on a polymer chain (represented schematically here) was studied by NMR spectroscopy and followed qualitatively for the formation of polymeric inclusion compounds made up of cyclodextrins and poly-(iminooligomethylene)s. The structures of the polymeric inclusion compounds are proven by their conversion to polyrotaxanes.
NCCTG phase II trial of CCI-779 in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (2004)

1503 Background: CCI-779 is a small molecule inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR is a rational therapeutic target in GBM, being downstream from important pathways such as EGFR and PTEN. Study aims: to determine the efficacy of CCI-779 in recurrent GBM, to assess toxicity, to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of CCI-779 for pts on p450 inducing anticonvulsants (EIAC), to define the pt population most likely to benefit from treatment (Rx), and to determine whether CCI-779 successfully interacts with the target pathway. Methods: Recurrent GBM pts with ≤ 1 chemo regimen for progressive disease, stable steroid dose for ≥ 1 wk prior to baseline scan, acceptable hematologic, renal, liver function, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were eligible. CCI-779 dose was 250 mg iv q wk. Results: 41 pts were treated. Rx was well tolerated: grade 3+ hematologic toxicity was observed in 12 %, and grade 3+ non-hematologic toxicity in 51%, and consisted mostly of hypercholesterolemia (15%), hypertriglyceridemia (12%), hyperglycemia (10%), rash (5%), stomatitis (5%), fatigue (2%). Sirolimus metabolite trough concentration, AUC and AUC sum (CCI+sirolimus) were decreased in EIAC pts by 65%, 50%, and 40% respectively, but they were still within the therapeutic range of preclinical models. Assessment of tumor Akt and p70s6 kinase phosphorylation (PHOS) pre-Rx, demonstrated activation of the Akt and p70s6k in the majority of pts (14/17 and 11/17 pts respectively). Analysis of p70s6k PHOS in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC), showed post-Rx inhibition in 7/10 pts. Although there were no objective partial responses in the first 31 pts, evidence of antitumor activity was observed, with significant decrease in T2 signal abnormality in 5 pts and modest decrease in T1 Gad enhancement in 3 pts. Conclusions: CCI-779 is well tolerated in recurrent GBM pts. Despite the impact of EIAC on CCI-779 metabolism, therapeutic levels were achieved. There is preliminary evidence of antitumor activity, as well as inhibition of the target pathway in post-Rx PBMCs. Assessment of the PTEN and EGFR tumor status, Akt and p70s6k PHOS pre- and post-Rx and correlation with response and toxicity is ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Electro-optical control in a plasmonic metamaterial hybridised with a liquid-crystal cell (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate efficient electro-optical control in an active nano-structured plasmonic metamaterial hybridised with a liquid-crystal cell. The hybridisation was achieved by simultaneously replacing the polarizer, transparent electrode and molecular alignment layer of the liquid-crystal cell with the metamaterial nano-structure. With the control signal of only 7 V we have achieved a fivefold hysteresis-free modulation of metamaterial transmission at the wavelength of 1.55 µm.
<title>Reproducibility of an automated scheme for the detection of clustered microcalcifications on digital mammograms</title> (1996)

Computer-aided diagnosis can be defined as a diagnosis made by a radiologist who takes into account the computerized analysis of the radiograph. The potential advantage of this approach is that errors by human observers that are caused by intra-observer variation, can be caught by the computer, which performs a thorough, methodical search of the image. However, if the input image to computer comes from a digitized radiograph, then the process of digitization introduces variability into the computer analysis of the image. Because the film digitizer samples the image, re-digitization will not necessarily produce the exact same digital image, and subsequently, the computerized scheme may produce different results on the different samples of the original image. The purpose of this study was to examine the amount of variability introduced by film digitization by measuring the reproducibility of our computerized scheme for the detection of clustered microcalcifications on mammograms when the mammogram is digitized a number of times. We have found in general that if the detected cluster (either a true or false cluster) corresponds to some obvious anatomical structure, then the cluster will be re-detected upon re-digitization. If, however, the cluster corresponds to low contrast objects within the breast, including image noise, then the cluster is not likely to be re- detected. As a result, true clusters tend to be much more reproducible than false-positive clusters. In the future, when direct digital radiographs are used as input to the computerized schemes, problems with reproducibility will not exist.
Massively parallel computer for digital signal and image processing (2003)

The description is given of a fully programmable massively parallel computer system, the DAP 510 and 610 systems. These systems have 1024 or 4096 processor in a compact low-cost package and are able to perform very-high-speed signal and image processing and sustain real-time input and display digital TV pictures. Examples of recent work with this system for the highly demanding tasks of cosine transforms and motion detection for videoconferencing are given. The DAP is shown to be an ideal programmable system for the simultaneous processing and visualization of high-speed data, such as television signals, and is further show to be capable of some of the complex tasks for motion detection in real time for videoconferencing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative analysis of genomic sequence and expression of a lipid transfer protein gene family in winter barley (1994)

Three genomic clones (gb/*4.2, gb/f4.6, gb/t4.9) have been isolated from a barley [Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Igri genomic library using a cDNA clone of the low temperature responsive gene b/r4.1 as the probe. The genomic clones are closely related and from sequence homology are believed to be three further members of a barley gene family encoding lipid transfer proteins. One clone, gb/t4.9, corresponds to a second cDNA clone (Jb/f4.9). Northern blot analysis revealed that the three genes reported here are induced by low temperature and drought; however, the relative level of response to these stimuli was shown to differ between the genes. Further, the developmental response of gb/?4.2 is different from that found for other members of the gene family. The degree of low temperature induction of the blt4 gene family appears to be cultivar-dependent. Comparative analysis of the putative promoter regions of the genomic clones indicates three regions that show over 80 sequence conservation between gb/f4.9 and gb/f4.6. Also identified are putative cis acting elements previously identified in ABA responsive genes and low temperature inducible genes. The possible functional significance of the conserved regions and elements is discussed in relation to the expression of the blt4 gene family.
Silicon-based ultrasonic microsensors and micropumps (1995)

Abstract With the addition of a thin piezoelectric zinc oxide film and transducing electrodes, a thin membrane of low-stress silicon nitride formed in a silicon die can be made into a versatile ultrasonic sensor and actuator. We will describe the fabrication and application of this device, which typically operates in the low megahertz frequency range and can perform many functions: measuring the viscosity of microliter volumes of liquids; measuring the densities of gases and liquids; serving, with the addition of a thin polymer film, as a sensor for measuring the concentrations of organic gases; determining, when immersed in a liquid, the mass per unit membrane area of adsorbed protein molecules, cells and bacteria; pumping air at velocitities of centimerters per second and pumping water at hundreds of microns per second; and stirring microliter volumes of fluids.
Preparation of AB<sub>2</sub> Monomers and the Corresponding Hyperbranched Polyureas in a One‐Pot Procedure (2012)

Abstract Novel AB 2 monomers and corresponding hyperbranched polyureas are prepared in a one‐pot process. AB 2 monomers are synthesized by a highly selective reaction of carbonyl biscaprolactam (CBC) with triamines comprising one secondary and two primary amino groups. Only the primary amines react with CBC, yielding blocked isocyanates. On heating, self‐condensation of the obtained monomer solution takes place, yielding polymers with M n up to 11 000 Da. Mark‐Houwink exponents of 0.3 and branching frequencies of 0.3 demonstrate the hyperbranched topology. Each polymer molecule comprises one secondary amino group in the focal point and numerous active blocked isocyanates located at the end of the polymer branches. The polymers are fully characterized by means of 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, MALDI‐TOF, SEC, and DSC.
Role of Reduced Suppression of Glucose Production and Diminished Early Insulin Release in Impaired Glucose Tolerance (1992)

Impaired glucose tolerance, the precursor of NIDDM, results primarily from reduced suppression of hepatic glucose output due to abnormal pancreatic islet-cell function. The late hyperinsulinemia may be the consequence of an inadequate early beta-cell response rather than of insulin resistance.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single oral doses of albuterol and its enantiomers in humans (1997)

Albuterol (INN, salbutamol) is a beta 2-adrenergic receptor agonist widely used in the treatment of asthma. It is administered clinically as a racemic mixture, but only one enantiomer is active (eutomer) while the other (distomer) has been implicated in causing toxicity. This study used a chiral assay to compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of racemic albuterol with its two enantiomers in a three-way crossover of single oral doses in 12 healthy males. The bioavailability of the eutomer was less than that of the distomer after administration of pure enantiomers and racemate. Apart from causing a small increase in plasma potassium, the distomer had no effect on any pharmacodynamic parameter. The eutomer administered alone was significantly more potent than an equivalent dose given as racemate with regard to its effects on heart rate, QTc interval, plasma potassium levels, and plasma glucose levels. Despite this higher potency, the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve for eutomer after administration of pure eutomer was significantly lower than after administration of the racemate. This difference is probably the result of the more efficient metabolism of the eutomer in the absence of the distomer.
Invasive Electrical Impedance Tomography for Blood Vessel Detection (2010)

We present a novel method for localization of large blood vessels using a bioimpedance based needle positioning system on an array of ten monopolar needle electrodes. The purpose of the study is to develop a portable, low cost tool for rapid vascular access for cooling and controlled reperfusion of cardiac arrest patients. Preliminary results show that localization of blood vessels is feasible with this method, but larger studies are necessary to improve the technology.
Mobile fading—Rayleigh and lognormal superimposed (1977)

A closed solution is presented showing the composite probability distribution of power levels derived from short term Rayleigh fading with superimposed long term lognormal variations of mean value. An example shows how the results can be applied to the prediction of bit error rates in a mobile radio data transmission channel, and how the error rate will vary with standard deviation of the lognormal distribution.
3,3'-Diindolylmethane Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Hyperactivation and Attenuates Brain Inflammation (2013)

Recent studies have revealed that microglial hyperactivation and neuroinflammation are implicated in development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the beneficial effects of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C), dietary components found in cruciferous vegetables, on brain inflammation. DIM, a major metabolite of I3C, suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in BV-2 microglia, but I3C did not. DIM, but not I3C, attenuated DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB, suggesting that DIM might inhibit microglial hyperactivation by attenuating inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. In addition, DIM, but not I3C, protected primary cortical neurons from inflammatory toxicity induced by the conditioned media from LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia, indicating that DIM might attenuate microglial hyperactivation–mediated neuronal death. In an in vivo model of neuroinflammation, DIM suppressed LPS-induced brain inflammation in mouse hippocampus, as determined by the number of Iba-1-positive cells and the mRNA expression of F4/80. Taken together, these results suggest that DIM may have beneficial potential against brain inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases through the negative regulation of the NF-κB signal pathway in microglia.
Transparent, conductive solution processed spincast 2D Ti<sub>2</sub>CT<i><sub>x</sub></i> (MXene) films (2017)

Herein, we spincast aqueous colloidal Ti2CTx (MXene) solutions into conductive, transparent films with figures of merit (FOM), that are as good as Ti3C2Tx or un-doped chemically vapor-deposited graphene. When normalized by the number of transition metal atoms, the FOM is the highest ever reported for a MXene film. At about 2.7 × 105 cm–1 the absorbance coefficient of Ti2CTx is quite comparable to that of Ti3C2Tx. Quantitative relationships between film properties—conductance and transparency—and colloidal solution concentration and spin speeds are developed providing a road map for future work.
Local Discriminant Wavelet Packet Coordinates for Face Recognition (2007)

Face recognition is a challenging problem due to variations in pose, illumination, and expression. Techniques that can provide effective feature representation with enhanced discriminability are crucial. Wavelets have played an important role in image processing for its ability to capture localized spatial-frequency information of images. In this paper, we propose a novel local discriminant coordinates method based on wavelet packet for face recognition to compensate for these variations. Traditional wavelet-based methods for face recognition select or operate on the most discriminant subband, and neglect the scattered characteristic of discriminant features. The proposed method selects the most discriminant coordinates uniformly from all spatial frequency subbands to overcome the deficiency of traditional wavelet-based methods. To measure the discriminability of coordinates, a new dilation invariant entropy and a maximum a posterior logistic model are put forward. Moreover, a new triangle square ratio criterion is used to improve classification using the Euclidean distance and the cosine criterion. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust for face recognition under variations in illumination, pose and expression.
Fingerprint image enhancement: algorithm and performance evaluation (1998)

In order to ensure that the performance of an automatic fingerprint identification/verification system will be robust with respect to the quality of input fingerprint images, it is essential to incorporate a fingerprint enhancement algorithm in the minutiae extraction module. We present a fast fingerprint enhancement algorithm, which can adaptively improve the clarity of ridge and valley structures of input fingerprint images based on the estimated local ridge orientation and frequency. We have evaluated the performance of the image enhancement algorithm using the goodness index of the extracted minutiae and the accuracy of an online fingerprint verification system. Experimental results show that incorporating the enhancement algorithm improves both the goodness index and the verification accuracy.
Novel Heterodimer Antibiotics: A Review of Recent Patent Literature (2009)

There is a clear and urgent need for novel antibacterial agents that can address the concerns of growing resistance. This article details recent patent activity within the antibiotic field based on the emerging strategy of a multivalent approach to drug discovery. A range of heterodimer antibiotics are discussed, which consist of two antibacterial chemical classes covalently linked to afford compounds with the potential to engage multiple mechanisms of action. The possible benefits of such compounds include activity against drug-resistant bacteria, enhanced efficacy and duration, an expanded spectrum of activity and reduced potential for generating bacterial resistance. This exciting approach towards novel heterodimer antibiotics holds significant promise, but must overcome a range of challenges before yielding a successful medicine. Progress to date is encouraging and has resulted in three compounds entering clinical trials.
MOVING APPLICATIONS TO THE CLOUD: AN APPROACH BASED ON APPLICATION MODEL ENRICHMENT (2011)

In this paper we describe a method and corresponding tool chain that allows moving an application to the cloud. In particular, we support to split an application such that various parts of it are moved to different clouds. This split can be done manually or by support of optimization algorithms. The split application is then automatically provisioned in the different target clouds. A metamodel for such applications supporting the proposed method is introduced. The architecture of a supporting tool is described. Experiences from the usage of the proposed method are reported.
Information-based image dissimilarity measure (1998)

A technique based on information theory principles for the assessment of the degree of dissimilarity between binary images is proposed. The obtained results are then used to compute the optimal resolution needed for distinction between two images. We first describe how the image overall information content can be defined, identified, assessed, and analyzed. This concept is then extended to the measurement of the overall information content of more than one image. This information measure is then shown to be related to recognition information, which is a measure of the degree of dissimilarity between images. Recognition information provides a reliable way of evaluating the optimal scan resolution required for unambiguous recognition of an image. To demonstrate the feasibility of this technique, a series of tests are carried out on typed characters. The results illustrate the power of information assessment techniques in analyzing the recognition capabilities of a pattern recognition system.