gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field emission from GaN surfaces roughened by hydrogen plasma treatment (2001)

GaN layers are grown on sapphire substrates with AlN buffer layers by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method. GaN layers are doped with Si. The electron density of the n-type GaN is 2×1017 cm−3. It is found that the GaN surface is etched with hydrogen (H2) plasma produced by supplying microwave power leading to the formation of the roughened surface of GaN. A variation in the surface morphology occurs due to microwave power and gas pressure. Field emission measurements are carried out for GaN with various surface morphologies. It is observed that the turn-on electric field decreases with increasing surface roughness of the GaN. A turn-on electric field of the electron emission is estimated to be as low as 12.4 V/μm.
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum (Mediastinal Emphysema) with Reports of Two Cases in Infants (1942)

The interesting and relatively rare condition of mediastinal emphysema has been described by various authors. Hamman (5, 6) in 1937 published a series of 6 cases and in 1939 reported an additional case. Mediastinal emphysema is preceded in the great majority of instances by interstitial emphysema of the lungs. The air in the interstitial tissues reaches the mediastinum by traveling along connective-tissue bands which surround the bronchi and blood vessels. The first accurate description of the pathological anatomy of interstitial emphysema of the lungs was by Laennec. The condition had, however, been recognized clinically long before his time by the appearance of air in the subcutaneous tissues about the neck following injury to the chest or forceful distention of the lungs. Interstitial emphysema often follows trauma to the chest and may occur, also, during induction of therapeutic pneumothorax. A case was reported by Matsuzawa (10) in which an attempt at induction of artificial pneumothorax set up a small tension pneumothorax and allowed the escape of air from the pleural cavity into the mediastinal space and up into the neck. Matsuzawa felt that this was a rather rare complication and attributed it to a tear in the mediastinal pleura. Distention of the lungs produced by forceful muscular effort with the glottis closed may cause interstitial emphysema. I t has been observed in new-born infants following attempts at resuscitation and in children after severe paroxysms of coughing. It may also develop during child-birth and after lifting of heavy objects. Spontaneous interstitial emphysema of the lung without a history of trauma or unusual pulmonary distention is not uncommon. Small amounts of air escaping into the interstitial tissues may give no symptoms or only localized pain. If a larger amount of air escapes, it may form a subpleural bleb or find its way into the mediastinum. In the latter case symptoms may be severe, simulating coronary occlusion. Differential points in the diagnosis include the absence of shock and of myocardial weakness. A distinctive sign of mediastinal emphysema is a peculiar crunching, crackling, bubbling sound heard over the heart with each contraction, due to compression of the air-filled mediastinal tissues lying between the heart and the anterior chest wall. The diagnosis is assured by the appearance of air in the subcutaneous tissues of the neck. In two of Hamman's (5, 6) seven cases, the interstitial and mediastinal emphysema was accompanied by pneumothorax.
Divergent roles for ferric ions in the biological activity of amidated and non-amidated gastrins (2004)

Amidated forms of the peptide hormone gastrin act via the cholecystokinin-2 receptor to stimulate gastric acid secretion, whereas non-amidated forms stimulate colonic mucosal proliferation via a novel, as yet uncharacterised, receptor. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and fluorescence spectroscopic studies have revealed that glycine-extended gastrin17 bound two ferric ions, and that ferric ion binding was essential for biological activity. We have therefore investigated the role of ferric ions in the biological activity of amidated gastrin17. As with glycine-extended gastrin17, fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that Glu7 Ala and Glu8,9 Ala mutants of amidated gastrin17 each bound only one ferric ion. The affinity of the mutant peptides for the cholecystokinin-2 receptor on transfected COS-7 cells or on Tlymphoblastoid Jurkat cells, and their potency in stimulation of proliferation in Jurkat cells and inositol phosphate production in transfected COS-7 cells, were similar to the values obtained for amidated gastrin17. In addition, the iron chelator desferrioxamine did not significantly inhibit either binding of amidated gastrin17 to the cholecystokinin-2 receptor, or stimulation of inositol phosphate production by amidated gastrin17 in transfected COS-7 cells. We conclude that, in contrast to glycine-extended gastrin17, binding of ferric ions is not essential for the biological activity of amidated gastrin17. Our results support the concept of distinct modes of action for amidated and non-amidated gastrins, and raise the possibility of developing selective antagonists of the actions of non-amidated and amidated gastrins.
Synergistic power/area optimization with transistor sizing and wire length minimization [CMOS logic] (2002)

The paper proposes a method to realize low-power control-logic modules by combining transistor-size optimization and transistor layout. When applied to a circuit with 10,000 transistors, the optimizer has reduced the average transistor size to one eighth while maintaining the same delay. The power dissipation is cut to half even when wiring capacitances are dominant.
Electron-Impact Desorption of Ions from Polycrystalline Tungsten (1970)

A cylindrical magnetic spectrometer has been constructed to study the electron-impact desorption of ions and neutrals from solid surfaces. The instrument has high-energy resolution and sensitivity and allows the determination of the charge-to-mass ratio of the emitted ions. The apparatus has been applied to the study of polycrystalline tungsten with ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, CO, C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O adsorbed. The ions which have been observed are ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ from ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$/W, CO/W, and C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$/W; C${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ from CO/W; and ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ from ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$/W and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O/W. The ion energy distributions, ionic and total desorption cross sections, threshold energies, and other experimental results are presented and discussed.
Downstream Processes for Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Rapeseed Oil and Protein Hydrolysates (2007)

Abstract Downstream processes following aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) of rapeseed oil and protein hydrolysates were developed to enhance the oil and protein yields as well as to purify the protein hydrolysates. The wet precipitate (meal residue) from the AEE was washed with twofold water at 60 °C, pH 11 for 1 h. Emulsions from the AEE and the washing step were pooled and submitted to a stepwise demulsification procedure consisting of storage‐centrifugation and freezing–thawing followed by centrifugation. Aqueous phases were pooled and adsorbed onto macroporous adsorption resins (MAR) to remove salts and sugars. Following extensive rinsing with deionized water (pH 4), desorption was achieved by washing with 85% ethanol (v/v) to obtain crude rapeseed peptides (CRPs). In a separate experiment, stepwise desorption was carried out with 25, 55, and 85% ethanol to separate the bitter peptides from the other peptides. Using a combination of the AEE process, washing and demulsification steps, the yields of the total free oil and protein hydrolysates were 88–90% and 94–97%, respectively. The protein recovery was 66.7% and the protein content was enriched from 47.04 to 73.51% in the CRPs. No glucosinolates and phytic acid were detected in the CRPs. From the stepwise desorption, a non‐bitter fraction RP25 (containing 64–66% of total desorbed protein) had a bland color and significantly higher protein content (81.04%) and hence was the more desirable product.
Recovery of Chimeric Rice Plants from Dry Seed using Electric Discharge Particle Acceleration (1995)

The development of an efficient system for the creation of transgenic rice plants from immature embryo tissue was described previously. That system resulted in the generation of clonal plants, probably derived from a single cell or a very small number of cells. Creation of chimeric cereal plants is of interest in studies directed towards the elucidation of developmental pathways. We were able to take advantage of the relative ease with which rice axillary buds, in a germinating seedling, can from embryogenic callus or be induced to form multiple tillers. Particle bombardment of such tissues, at various stages of development, resulted in the recovery of transgenic plants that were chimeric. The creation, origin and development of chimeric cereal plants can thus be studied and new insight into fundamental aspects of early plant development can be obtained. This regeneration/transformation system is compared with a previously developed protocol involving gene transfer into immature embryos which resulted in the exclusive recovery of clonal plants. It is also compared and contrasted with a system described earlier for soybean engineering that resulted on the recovery both chimeric and clonal plants.Copyright 1995, 1999 Academic Press
Effect of nitrogen bonding states on dipole at the HfSiO/SiON interface studied by photoemission spectroscopy (2010)

We have investigated effect of nitrogen bonding states on dipole at the HfSiO/SiON interface using photoemission spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. Significant increase in the valence-band discontinuity between HfSiO films on a Si substrate upon annealing is observed, which can be related to changes in the interface dipole. Chemical states and in-depth profiles analyses suggest diffusion of nitrogen atoms from the HfSiO/SiON interface to the substrate during annealing processes. It is found that the formation of the interface dipole strongly depends on the nitrogen bonding states and their distributions at the HfSiO/SiON interface.
Complete Structures of the Glycophospholipids of Mycobacteria<sup>*</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplete Structures of the Glycophospholipids of Mycobacteria*Yuan Chuan Lee and Clinton E. BallouCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 7, 1395–1404Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00883a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00883a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of trapped charges and hysteresis behavior in hBN encapsulated single MoS<sub>2</sub> flake based field effect transistors on SiO<sub>2</sub> and hBN substrates (2018)

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) based field effect transistors (FETs) are of considerable interest in electronic and opto-electronic applications but often have large hysteresis and threshold voltage instabilities. In this study, by using advanced transfer techniques, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) encapsulated FETs based on a single, homogeneous and atomic-thin MoS<sub>2</sub> flake are fabricated on hBN and SiO<sub>2</sub> substrates. This allows for a better and a precise comparison between the charge traps at the semiconductor-dielectric interfaces at MoS<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> and hBN interfaces. The impact of ambient environment and entities on hysteresis is minimized by encapsulating the active MoS<sub>2</sub> layer with a single hBN on both the devices. The device to device variations induced by different MoS<sub>2</sub> layer is also eliminated by employing a single MoS<sub>2</sub> layer for fabricating both devices. After eliminating these additional factors which induce variation in the device characteristics, it is found from the measurements that the trapped charge density is reduced to 1.9 × 10<sup>11</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> on hBN substrate as compared to 1.1 × 10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> on SiO<sub>2</sub> substrate. Further, reduced hysteresis and stable threshold voltage are observed on hBN substrate and their dependence on gate sweep rate, sweep range, and gate stress is also studied. This precise comparison between encapsulated devices on SiO<sub>2</sub> and hBN substrates further demonstrate the requirement of hBN substrate and encapsulation for improved and stable performance of MoS<sub>2</sub> FETs.
A 1.5GHz all-digital frequency-locked loop with 1-bit &#x0394;&#x03A3; frequency detection in 0.18&#x03BC;m CMOS (2014)

A 1.5 GHz all-digital fractional-N frequency-locked loop by utilizing a ΔΣ frequency-to-digital converter (FDC) is implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS. Different from the conventional all-digital phase-locked loop, the all-digital frequency-locked loop (ADFLL) with a 1-bit ΔΣ frequency detector (FD) avoids complex time-to-digital converter (TDC) design and achieves a fine frequency resolution with bi-level oversampled frequency detection, thus enabling low-cost high-frequency synthesis without requiring an advanced CMOS technology. A finite impulse response (FIR) filter is designed to reduce quantization noise from the ΔΣ FDC and provides highly linear loop dynamics in the type-I feedback system. Experimental results show that the proposed ADFLL at 1.4 GHz output achieves a phase noise of -118 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset frequency, consuming 7.3 mW from a 1.8 V supply.
miRNA expression profiling in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded placental tissue samples from pregnancies with severe preeclampsia (2011)

Two of the up-regulated miRNAs (miRNA-182* and miRNA-133b) are putative regulators of the transcript variants 1 and 2 of the BCL2-like gene, which controls apoptosis. miRNA-182* is also a probable angiogenesis regulator via angiogenin and VEGF-B. Apoptosis and angiogenesis are major mechanisms presumed to be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Moreover, usability of qPCR technique based miRNA profiling for FFPE tissues was proofed. Hence FFPE tissue is the most widely used material for retrospective clinical studies, this method has a great property for future investigations in placenta research.
High-Gain Inverters Based on WSe<sub>2</sub> Complementary Field-Effect Transistors (2014)

In this work, the operation of n- and p-type field-effect transistors (FETs) on the same WSe2 flake is realized,and a complementary logic inverter is demonstrated. The p-FET is fabricated by contacting WSe2 with a high work function metal, Pt, which facilities hole injection at the source contact. The n-FET is realized by utilizing selective surface charge transfer doping with potassium to form degenerately doped n+ contacts for electron injection. An ON/OFF current ratio of >10(4) is achieved for both n- and p-FETs with similar ON current densities. A dc voltage gain of >12 is measured for the complementary WSe2 inverter. This work presents an important advance toward realization of complementary logic devices based on layered chalcogenide semiconductors for electronic applications.
Compensation of Long-Term Memory Effects on GaN HEMT-Based Power Amplifiers (2017)

The long-term memory effects of gallium nitride (GaN) transistors have prevented its use in situations where the modulated envelope signal has a wide amplitude variation over time, such as in time division duplex systems. These long-term memory effects are generally attributed to electron trapping in GaN high electron-mobility transistors (HEMT), which have shown to be very difficult to compensate, especially in cellular base station transmitters known to be subjected to highly restrictive linearity specifications. On top of the electron trapping effects, we show that thermal effects can also induce long-term memory behaviors, which should also be accounted for when linearizing these devices. Because the conventional behavioral modeling approach has been incapable to compensate these long-term memory effects on GaN HEMT-based power amplifiers (PAs), we started by investigating the physical mechanisms responsible for these semiconductor impairments in GaN devices. This physics-based knowledge was then used to design new predistorter models that could effectively compensate those PAs subjected to GaN trapping and thermal effects. In this paper, we describe the new predistortion models for PA linearization, as well as the characterization methods used to determine their parameters. To validate the linearization effectiveness of the proposed model, several high power GaN-based PAs are tested with multicarrier GSM signals, and their linearization results are compared against other state-of-the-art models, evidencing a clear and significant improvement. In fact, to the authors' knowledge, the proposed approach is the first one to reduce the PA distortion effects due to GaN long-term memory effects to such low levels, allowing a comfortable compliance with the imposed linearity masks.
An Optically Driven Bistable Janus Rotor with Patterned Metal Coatings (2015)

Bistable rotation is realized for a gold-coated Janus colloidal particle in an infrared optical trap. The metal coating on the Janus particles are patterned by sputtering gold on a monolayer of closely packed polystyrene particles. The Janus particle is observed to stably rotate in an optical trap. Both the direction and the rate of rotation can be experimentally controlled. Numerical calculations reveal that the bistable rotation is the result of spontaneous symmetry breaking induced by the uneven curvature of the coating patterns on the Janus sphere. Our results thus provide a simple method to construct large quantities of fully functional rotary motors for nano- or microdevices.
A Two Stage Heuristic Algorithm for Solving the Server Consolidation Problem with Item-Item and Bin-Item Incompatibility Constraints (2008)

The problem of server sprawl is common in data centers of most business organizations. It is most often the case that an application is run on dedicated servers. This leads to situations where organizations end up having numerous servers that remain under-utilized most of the times. The servers, in such scenarios, are allocated more resources (disk, cpu and memory) than are justified by their present workloads. Consolidating multiple under-utilized servers into a fewer number of non-dedicated servers that can host multiple applications is an effective tool for businesses to enhance their returns on investment. The problem can be modeled as a variant of the bin packing problem where items to be packed are the servers being consolidated and bins are the target servers. The sizes of the servers/items being packed are resource utilizations which are obtained from the performance trace data. Here we describe a novel two stage heuristic algorithm for taking care of the "bin-item" incompatibility constraints that are inherent in any server consolidation problem. The model is able to solve extremely large instances of problem in a reasonable amount of time.
Use of Recycle for H2s Removal by Mdea Scrubbing in Igcc Systems (2017)

This work focuses on the analysis of the H2S removal section of an Acid Gas Removal (AGR) station in an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plant. The AGR station is composed of one absorption section for H2S and one absorption section for CO2S. The first section aims at removing most of the hydrogen sulfide from the syngas in order to obtain, in the following unit for the CO2S removal, a CO2S-rich stream containing less than 200 ppmv of H2S on a dry basis. The H2S-rich stream obtained from the regeneration and exiting the H2S removal section is sent for sulfur recovery in a Claus plant, which needs a minimum content of H2S in the feed. The acid gas removal is performed by using an aqueous solution of MethylDiEthanolAmine (MDEA). Although it selectively absorbs hydrogen sulfide, part of carbon dioxide is co-absorbed with H2S, and the minimum content in H2S required for feeding the Claus plant may be not achieved. A recycle of the H2S-rich stream exiting the regeneration to the absorption section is not usually employed in these systems, but it has been considered for increasing the amount of hydrogen sulfide absorbed and therefore present in the H2S-rich stream at the outlet. A sensitivity assessment has been performed in this work to determine the influence of the recycle stream on the overall absorption process and the minimum amount of the flowrate necessary to accomplish the required specifications.
Cloud-based driver monitoring and vehicle diagnostic with OBD2 telematics (2015)

We present a cloud-based vehicular data acquisition and analytics system for real-time driver behavior monitoring, trip analysis, and vehicle diagnostic. Our system consists of an On Board Diagnostics (OBD) port to Bluetooth dongle, a mobile app running on a smart phone, and a cloud-based backend. We use a Complex Event Processor (CEP) at both the smart phone and the backend to detect and notify unsafe and anomalous events. For example, CEP engine at the smart phone can alert the driver about rising coolant temperature and rapid fuel drops. It also provides a trip log and filter out what messages to be send to the backend, saving both the bandwidth and power. CEP on the cloud detects reckless driving in real time based on the sensor data provided through OBD. Historical data is also used by the backend CEP engine to detect driving anomalies and impeding sensor failure prediction. The mobile app visualize both real time data from sensors and alerts. A web-based interface is provided to access the backend information. We have tested the system on actual vehicles and shown that the computing, bandwidth, and power consumption of the smart phone is reasonable. App is currently available in Google Play.
Porous hydroxyapatite for artificial bone applications (2007)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used clinically for many years. It has good biocompatibility in bone contact as its chemical composition is similar to that of bone material. Porous HA ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery. In bone tissue engineering it has been applied as filling material for bone defects and augmentation, artificial bone graft material, and prosthesis revision surgery. Its high surface area leads to excellent osteoconductivity and resorbability providing fast bone ingrowth. Porous HA can be produced by a number of methods including conversion of natural bones, ceramic foaming technique, polymeric sponge method, gel casting of foams, starch consolidation, microwave processing, slip casting, and electrophoretic deposition technique. Some of these methods have been combined to fabricate porous HA with improved properties. These combination methods have yielded some promising results. This paper discusses briefly fundamental aspects of porous HA for artificial bone applications as well as various techniques used to prepare porous HA. Some of our recent results on development of porous HA will be presented as well.