gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of a Glucose Biosensor by Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing (2009)

Glucose oxidase (GOx) is used as an immobilized enzyme in blood glucose level sensors. Conventional single used sensors are fabricated by screen printing enzyme suspensions or pastes, or photolithography method to immobilize the enzyme onto carbon black electrodes. There is considerable interest in producing sensor structures of smaller dimensions than are readily achievable through these techniques. One technology that may be able to deliver enzyme-based sensors with smaller length scales is inkjet printing. Inkjet printing is capable of accurately placing picolitre volumes of liquids onto a substrate, making it an ideal technology that could be used within the medical sensor field. GOx solution in PBS is printed by a drop-on-demand piezoelectric printer, the retained activity of GOx before and after printing demonstrates that inkjet printing is a practical technique to fabricate cheap, small, and reproducible biosensors.
Highly selective thin film composite hollow fiber membranes for mixed vapor/gas separation (2015)

In the present study, thin film composite membranes have been prepared using an interfacial polymerization method.
Inherently mode-hop-free distributed bragg reflector (DBR) laser array (2003)

An inherently mode-hop-free tuning of 4.5 nm was achieved with a short-active-region distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser. The DBR laser contains no phase-adjustment electrode, which greatly simplifies the tuning. Fast tuning of several nanoseconds and error-free operation for 2.5-Gbit/s direct modulation were also observed. A 4-ch array of short-active-region DBR lasers achieved wavelength tuning of 12.5 nm.
Automatic Test Data Generation Tool Based on Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm (2007)

This paper presents an automatic test data generation tool that aims at generating test data dynamically by reducing the problem of test data generation to one minimizing function. The tool is composed of three parts: program instrumentation module; test path generation module and test case generation module. In order to enhance the computational efficiency, we makes some improvements on the encoding, crossover probability and annealing gene of the genetic simulated annealing algorithm (GASS), and then use the results to generate the test data on the program instrumentation. Experimental results show this approach has better effect.
β-Trcp couples β-catenin phosphorylation-degradation and regulates <i>Xenopus</i> axis formation (1999)

Regulation of beta-catenin stability is essential for Wnt signal transduction during development and tumorigenesis. It is well known that serine-phosphorylation of beta-catenin by the Axin-glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta complex targets beta-catenin for ubiquitination-degradation, and mutations at critical phosphoserine residues stabilize beta-catenin and cause human cancers. How beta-catenin phosphorylation results in its degradation is undefined. Here we show that phosphorylated beta-catenin is specifically recognized by beta-Trcp, an F-box/WD40-repeat protein that also associates with Skp1, an essential component of the ubiquitination apparatus. beta-catenin harboring mutations at the critical phosphoserine residues escapes recognition by beta-Trcp, thus providing a molecular explanation for why these mutations cause beta-catenin accumulation that leads to cancer. Inhibition of endogenous beta-Trcp function by a dominant negative mutant stabilizes beta-catenin, activates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, and induces axis formation in Xenopus embryos. Therefore, beta-Trcp plays a central role in recruiting phosphorylated beta-catenin for degradation and in dorsoventral patterning of the Xenopus embryo.
Evaluation of two bronchofiberscopic methods of culturing the lower respiratory tract. (1980)

We evaluated 2 methods of obtaining lower respiratory tract secretions in 46 patients. One method used an open-end brush-in-catheter system, and the other used a plugged telescoping double-catheter-overbrush device. After passing a bronchofiberscope transnasally into the trachea, one or the other system was advanced under direct vision into the tracheal lumen and the brush advanced without touching the tracheal wall. The brush was removed and its tip cultured. Using the brush-in-catheter system, 83% (19/23) of brush cultures were positive and similar to simultaneously obtained nasopharyngeal cultures. The brush tip from the plugged telescoping double-catheter device was sterile in 100% of the subjects (10/10). Thus, open-end brush-in-catheter systems are not suitable for use in culturing the lower airways because of contamination within the inner channel of the bronchofiberscope from upper airway secretions. The recently introduced plugged telescoping brush system appears suitable for this purpose.
ACTOR NETWORK THEORY (ANT) (2008)

The article has the purpose of introducing the main
					concepts of the Actor Network Theory. The theory - also known as
					Translation Sociology - provides the approach to structure and to
					explain the links between society and technology. That means to say
					it tries to explain how technology is made acceptable and usable by
					society groups or organizations. The explanation of concepts is
					supported by a case study where events along the process change
					project in the business of a given company is analyzed under the
					actor-network angle. Since it is a fictional case study, all
					situations have been appropriately created to best illustrate
					theory concepts.
Effect on lung function and morning activities of budesonide/formoterol versus salmeterol/fluticasone in patients with COPD (2009)

Short-term treatment with budesonide/formoterol DPI or salmeterol/fluticasone DPI was effective in patients with COPD. Budesonide/formoterol had a more rapid onset of effect compared with salmeterol/fluticasone and resulted in greater improvements in ability to perform morning activities despite the lower inhaled corticosteroid dose.
Organic Pesticides. Part X. Preparation ot Some 2-Amino-4-aryl-5-alkylthiazoles and Related Compounds, N-Substitated Aminothiazoles and their Mercurials, and 2-p-Fluorophenylimino-4-thiazolidoae and its Condensation Produets (1962)

A number of substituted 2-aminothiazolos and their condensation products with \(p\)-fluorolbenzene­ sulphonyl chloride and 2-methyl-5-fluorobenzenesulphonyI chloride, If-substituted aminothiazoles and their mercury derivatives 2-acetamino.4-aryl-5-thiazole sulphonamide.', and 2-\(p\)-fluorophenylimino-4-thia­nolidone and its condensation products with different aldehydes have been synthesised with a view to studying their pesticidal properties.
Achieving privacy in mesh networks (2006)

Mesh network is vulnerable to privacy attacks because of the open medium property of wireless channel, the fixed topology, and the limited network size. Traditional anonymous routing algorithm cannot be directly applied to Mesh network, because they do not defend global attackers. In this paper we design private routing algorithm that used "Onion", i.e., layered encryption, to hide routing information. In addition, we explore special ring topology that fits the investigated network scenario, to preserve a certain level of privacy against a global adversary.
Combined preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery in locally advanced vulvar carcinoma: A pilot study (1996)

Chemoradiotherapy seems to be effective for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. If treatment-related morbidity could be decreased, such a combined approach might offer a new perspectives for a conservative treatment of locally advanced vulvar cancer.
Analytical test buffer design for differential signaling I/O buffers by error syndrome analysis (2005)

This paper presents a novel input test buffer design methodology that is used for testing the differential signaling interconnects. The input test buffer is aimed to detect hardware failures in differential electrical connections. The input test buffer can also be used to check the differential signal's connectivity such as, diagnosing the cable connections, detecting off-lined or un-powered connections. The strategy employed here is to analyze the fault syndromes instead of enumerating the defects to achieve high fault coverage. This analysis leads to defining the key design components comprising of an analog null detector that detects and preserves the fault information in the signal, and several digital engines that process this signal. Preserving the fault information is crucial, as the differential input/output (I/Os) are robust enough to mask the defective signal. The functionality of the test buffer is clearly defined such that the user can customize it to a specific I/O technology. The impact on performance and area are negligible. The proposed input test buffer design was implemented and verified in designs using regular current mode logic (CML) differential input buffers in the 0.13-/spl mu/m process. The results demonstrate comprehensive coverage for catastrophic defects. The fault detection capability is demonstrated through Spice based fault simulations.
A Correction for Land Contamination of Atmospheric Variables near Land–Sea Boundaries* (2007)

Abstract Ocean models need over-ocean atmospheric forcing. However, such forcing is not necessarily provided near the land–sea boundary because 1) the atmospheric model grid used for forcing is frequently much coarser than the ocean model grid, and 2) some of the atmospheric model grid over the ocean includes land values near coastal regions. This paper presents a creeping sea-fill methodology to reduce the improper representation of scalar atmospheric forcing variables near coastal regions, a problem that compromises the usefulness of the fields for ocean model simulations and other offshore applications. For demonstration, atmospheric forcing variables from archived coarse-resolution gridded products—the 1.125° × 1.125° 15-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-15) and 1.0° × 1.0° Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS)—are used here. A fine-resolution [1/25° × 1/25° cos(lat)], (longitude × latitude) (∼3.2 km) eddy-resolving Black Sea Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is then forced with/without sea-filled atmospheric variables from these gridded products to simulate monthly mean climatological sea surface temperature (SST). Using only over-ocean values from atmospheric forcing fields in the ocean model simulations significantly reduces the climatological mean SST bias (by ∼1°–3°C) and rms SST difference over the seasonal cycle (by ∼2°–3°C) in coastal regions. Performance of the creeping sea-fill methodology is also directly evaluated using measurements of wind speed at 10 m above the surface from the SeaWinds scatterometer on the NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite. Comparisons of original monthly mean wind speeds from operational ECMWF and NOGAPS products with those from QuikSCAT give basin-averaged rms differences of 1.6 and 1.4 m s−1, respectively, during 2000–03. Similar comparisons performed with sea-filled monthly mean wind speeds result in a much lower rms difference (0.7 m s−1 for both products) during the same time period, clearly confirming the accuracy of the methodology even on interannual time scales. Most of the unrealistically low wind speeds from ECMWF and NOGAPS near coastal boundaries are appropriately corrected with the use of the creeping sea fill. Wind speed errors for ECWMF and NOGAPS (mean bias of ≥ 2.5 m s−1 with respect to QuikSCAT during 2000–03) are substantially eliminated (e.g., almost no bias) near most of the land–sea boundaries. Finally, ocean, atmosphere, and coupled atmospheric–oceanic modelers need to be aware that the creeping sea fill is a promising methodology in significantly reducing the land contamination resulting from an improper land–sea mask existing in gridded coarse-resolution atmospheric products (e.g., ECMWF).
A Point Mutation That Confers Constitutive Activity to CXCR4 Reveals That T140 Is an Inverse Agonist and That AMD3100 and ALX40-4C Are Weak Partial Agonists (2002)

CXCR4 is a G protein-coupled receptor for stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) that plays a critical role in leukocyte trafficking, metastasis of mammary carcinoma, and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. To elucidate the mechanism for CXCR4 activation, a constitutively active mutant (CAM) was derived by coupling the receptor to the pheromone response pathway in yeast. Conversion of Asn-119 to Ser or Ala, but not Asp or Lys, conferred autonomous CXCR4 signaling in yeast and mammalian cells. SDF-1 induced signaling in variants with substitution of Asn-119 to Ser, Ala, or Asp, but not Lys. These variants had similar cell surface expression and binding affinity for SDF-1. CXCR4-CAMs were constitutively phosphorylated and present in cytosolic inclusions. Analysis of antagonists revealed that exposure to AMD3100 or ALX40-4C induced G protein activation by CXCR4 wild type, which was greater in the CAM, whereas T140 decreased autonomous signaling. The affinity of AMD3100 and ALX40-4C binding to CAMs was less than to wild type, providing evidence of a conformational shift. These results illustrate the importance of transmembrane helix 3 in CXCR4 signaling. Insight into the mechanism for CXCR4 antagonists will allow for the development of a new generation of agents that lack partial agonist activity that may induce toxicities, as observed for AMD3100.
Thrombin generation assay and other universal tests for monitoring haemophilia therapy (2004)

Factor VIII bypassing agents have different multiple modes of action, but share the common feature of inducing or facilitating thrombin generation. The information obtained from most overall assays to measure the haemostatic response to inhibitor-bypassing agents is limited to the initial phase of blood coagulation (clotting time measurement) or the formation of a solidifying clot followed by fibrinolysis (thrombelastography), and excludes the real endpoint of thrombin generation. Thrombin generation assays (TGAs) measure the whole kinetics of thrombin generation even after the clot formation, and thus assess all activating and inactivating systems of coagulation. Therefore, TGAs are not only becoming a universal tool to improve understanding of haemostasis and to investigate biochemical principles of the haemostatic system, but are also evolving as a powerful prognostic and monitoring tool for inhibitor bypassing therapies.
Tissue accumulation of microplastics in mice and biomarker responses suggest widespread health risks of exposure (2017)

Microplastics (MPs) are a significant environmental health issue and increasingly greater source of concern. MPs have been detected in oceans, rivers, sediments, sewages, soil and even table salts. MPs exposure on marine organisms and humans has been documented, but information about the toxicity of MPs in mammal is limited. Here we used fluorescent and pristine polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) particles with two diameters (5 μm and 20 μm) to investigate the tissue distribution, accumulation, and tissue-specific health risk of MPs in mice. Results indicated that MPs accumulated in liver, kidney and gut, with a tissue-accumulation kinetics and distribution pattern that was strongly depended on the MPs particle size. In addition, analyses of multiple biochemical biomarkers and metabolomic profiles suggested that MPs exposure induced disturbance of energy and lipid metabolism as well as oxidative stress. Interestingly, blood biomarkers of neurotoxicity were also altered. Our results uncovered the distribution and accumulation of MPs across mice tissues and revealed significant alteration in several biomarkers that indicate potential toxicity from MPs exposure. Collectively, our data provided new evidence for the adverse consequences of MPs.
HIMALAYAS-A hierarchical compaction system with a minimized constraint set (1992)

A hierarchical compactor, HIMALAYAS (HIerarchical MAcro LAYout ASsembler), developed for constructing big macro layouts, is discussed. The hierarchical compaction problem is formulated as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. Two algorithms are presented to reduce the problem size, in order to make the ILP approach practical. The first algorithm reduces the number of variables to a small set of pitch variables, while the second algorithm reduces the number of equations by restricting the constraint generation within a small set of regions, called the minimum cover. These reductions bring in considerable saving in computation time for layouts with cell repetitions or cell alignments. As a result, the ILP method can be used to solve the compaction problem for very big macros. Experimental results for MCNC benchmark examples are also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Autoantibodies to heat shock protein 90 in the human natural antibody repertoire (2002)

The present study demonstrates the presence of natural autoantibodies of the IgG isotype directed against heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). The binding properties of affinity-purified anti-HSP antibodies were compared with those of natural antibodies specific for other self antigens, including anti-thyroglobulin and anti-myoglobin autoantibodies, by using semiquantitative immunoblotting, with solubilized proteins from normal liver tissue as antigens, and cross-blot analysis using purified self proteins. Affinity-purified anti-HSP90 antibodies were polyreactive and the non-HSP90-specific fraction of normal IgG was depleted in its natural autoantibody content. We further observed that self antigens including HSP, myosin, tubulin and aldolase with highly conserved structures show similar patterns of binding with natural antibodies, and form a well-defined cluster as demonstrated by cluster analysis of immunoreactivity data, whereas the less-conserved self and non-self antigens remained unclustered. The results favor the hypothesis that HSP90 belongs to a subset of highly conserved and immunodominant self antigens that are the primary target for natural autoantibodies in normal human IgG.
How Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Is Applied and Maintained in Japan (2012)

According to a nationwide statistical survey in Japan, only 9,858 patients (3.3% of dialysis patients) were on maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD) at the end of 2009. In this survey, 8,635 patients answered questions about the PD method, while 1,223 patients did not respond. In Japan, at the end of 2009, 5,143 patients (59.6%) on PD were treated with CAPD and 3,492 patients (40.4%) on PD were treated with automated PD (APD). It is well known that around 20% of Japanese PD patients choose to apply and maintain PD + HD combination therapy. The number of PD + HD patients (1,569) accounted for 20.7% of the PD-treated patients (7,591). In Japan, patients with fluid overloading preferably select PD + HD combination therapy with or without icodextrin use. Young patients select APD while patients on PD suffered from fluid overloading with high transporter membrane. What then are the factors that effect APD selection in Japan? The use of various forms of APD has increased considerably in the past few years. Important factors that contribute to APD selection are better adjustment of APD to the patient's lifestyle and the flexibility that APD offers to patients. In addition, patients with APD will be able to have good quality of life (QOL). Young patients on PD select APD because of good QOL. It is well known that almost all of children younger than 19 years with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are undergoing APD. APD has a pivotal role in the management of pediatric patients with ESRD. Children on APD had a lower incidence of peritonitis compared with those with CAPD. The switch from CAPD to APD resulted in better ultrafiltration, less edema, lower mean arterial blood pressure, lower peritonitis rate and fewer hospital admissions. As in young patients, APD is also good method to select in elderly patients on PD. The need for the exchange to be performed by another person is increased in elderly and handicapped ESRD patients, however APD therapy is a good selection for them because of the smaller number of manipulations, resulting in a substantial reduction of help required. In the future, telemedicine systems with APD may be play an important role for young and elderly patients on PD.
Bacterial toxins modifying the actin cytoskeleton. (1999)

Numerous bacterial toxins recognize the actin cytoskeleton as a target. The clostridial binary toxins (Iota and C2 families) ADP-ribosylate the actin monomers causing the dissociation of the actin filaments. The large clostridial toxins from Clostridium difficile, Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium novyi inactivate, by glucosylation, proteins from the Rho family that regulate actin polymerization. In contrast, the cytotoxic necrotic factor from Escherichia coli activates Rho by deamidation and increases the formation of actin filaments. The enterotoxin of Bacteroides fragilis is a protease specific for E-cadherin and it promotes the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The bacterial toxins that modify the actin cytoskeleton induce various cell disfunctions including changes in cell barrier permeability and disruption of intercellular junctions.
Joint antenna diversity and combined soft output MAP equalization/decoding of TCM on frequency-selective fading mobile radio channels (2002)

A Monte Carlo simulation study of a combined FDMA/TDMA slow frequency-hopping trellis coded adaptive receiver for frequency-selective multipath Rayleigh fading mobile radio channels is presented. The receiver structure comprises state-dependent decision feedback MLSE soft-output MAP equalizer, block deinterleaver and TCM decoder in one unit. Antenna diversity is considered leading to a joint diversity and combined equalization/decoding scheme. Furthermore, cyclic slow frequency hopping is used to attain intrinsic frequency diversity to perform a near ideal channel interleaving with a short processing delay. The dynamic behavior of the mobile radio channel has been simulated by means of a selective equal-energy two-ray Rayleigh model, with a variable delay, /spl tau/, between the two rays. The bit error rate (BER) is obtained as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and with /spl tau/, Doppler spread, number of frequencies in the frequency-hopping pattern, number of states considered by the state-dependent decision feedback algorithm and the TDMA frame length as parameters.
The maize <i>Lc</i> regulatory gene up‐regulates the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of <i>Petunia</i> (1998)

Summary Petunia (cv. Mitchell) transformants were produced which expressed the maize Leaf colour ( Lc ) cDNA under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and had enhanced pigmentation in both vegetative and floral tissues. In flowering transgenic lines, intense pigmentation of leaves, stems and sepals occurred, along with lower levels of pigmentation in the flower tube and limb. No anthocyanins were detected in leaves, sepals and flower limb of wild‐type Mitchell petunia. Of the 12 phenylpropanoid genes examined, transcript levels for nine flavonoid‐specific biosynthetic genes were up‐regulated in the transgenic Lc lines, including weak activation of CHS , CHI and F3H along with stronger activation of DFR , F3′H , F3′5′H , ANS , UFGT and 3RT . PAL , C4H and FLS were unaffected by Lc . Lc ‐induced pigmentation in Mitchell petunia appears to be specific to the sub‐epidermal layer in all tissues examined, including the flower limb. The results show that the monocot Lc regulatory gene from maize can up‐regulate the expression of both early and late flavonoid biosynthetic genes and enhance anthocyanin production in the dicot species Petunia .