gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Possible Association of Diindolylmethane with Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis (2016)

<i>Introduction.</i> 3,3'-Diindolylmethane is available as a supplement in the United States for "cancer prevention" and "augmentation of physical fitness." A derivative of indole-3-carbinol found in plants, diindolylmethane, binds to receptors associated with the sex steroid pathways and has unclear effects on estrogen and androgen physiology. We present a patient who had been taking diindolylmethane and developed right lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and bilateral pulmonary embolism. <i>Case Presentation.</i> A 65-year-old man presented with swelling, erythema, and warmth of his right lower extremity for three to four weeks. He had been taking diindolylmethane one tablet daily for three to four months. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism included tobacco use, personal history of possible pulmonary embolism, body mass index, and age. Imaging studies found extensive deep venous thrombosis in his right lower extremity and bilateral pulmonary embolism with probable right middle lobe infarction. Follow-up imaging showed chronic deep venous thrombosis in his right lower extremity. <i>Discussion.</i> As suggested in this single case, patients who take diindolylmethane may be at greater risk for venous thromboembolism. Further reports and studies are necessary in order to elucidate this possible association. Clinicians should question patients about supplements in the setting of venous thromboembolism.
Application of Wavelet Transform Method for Textile Material Feature Extraction (2012)

This book reports on recent applications in biology and geoscience. Among them we mention the application of wavelet transforms in the treatment of EEG signals, the dimensionality reduction of the gait recognition framework, the biometric identification and verification. The book also contains applications of the wavelet transforms in the analysis of data collected from sport and breast cancer. The denoting procedure is analyzed within wavelet transform and applied on data coming from real world applications. The book ends with two important applications of the wavelet transforms in geoscience.
An open-loop digital predistorter based on memory polynomial inverses for linearization of RF power amplifier (2011)

Digital Predistorter is a cost-effective solution to compensate for the nonlinear distortions appearing in the RF power amplifiers (PAs). The indirect learning scheme is widely implemented because of its flexibility to eliminate the requirement for building a closed-loop real time system, which dramatically reduces the complexity for measurement setup. However, such scheme is sensitive to the measurement noise that may cause biasing in the coefficients estimation. To minimize the influence of measurement noise and simultaneously enable the open-loop implementation, we propose a predistortion technique that first model the PA and then generates predistorted signal iteratively through a feedback configured structure to avoid using the noisy signal when performing the inverse model estimation. Unlike the indirect learning which estimates the postinverse of the PA, our predistortion is based on the preinverse of the PA. Both simulations and measurements show that utilizing the proposed predistortion can obtain adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) improvement in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) signal test compared with the conventional memory polynomial predistortion based on indirect learning. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2011.
Framework for risk-based management and safety of railroad bridge infrastructure using wireless smart sensors (WSS) (2015)

Financial support for this research was provided in part the American Association of Railroads (AAR) Technology Scanning Program; the O. H. Ammann Research Fellowship of the Structural Engineering Institute (SEI) - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE); the Talentia Fellowship (Junta de Andalucia, Spain); the Structural Engineering Association of Illinois (SEAOI); the Illinois Graduate College Dissertation Travel Committee at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC); the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA); the Foreign Language and Area Studies (FLAS) Fellowships program (from the Department of Education of the United States); the Center for Global Studies and the Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies at the University of Illinois. In-kind funding was provided by the CN, BNSF, and NS railroads.
Critical Bandwidth for the Load Transient Response of Voltage Regulator Modules (2004)

This paper investigates the relationship between the control bandwidth and the load transient response in voltage regulator modules (VRMs), which are designed with multiphase interleaving synchronous buck converters. Both voltage- and current-mode controls are discussed. A critical bandwidth value is discovered, beyond which pushing the bandwidth can no longer reduce the output voltage spike during the load transient response. Also, the critical bandwidths are different according to different kinds of output capacitors. The critical bandwidth concept highlights the trend of high-frequency VRM design that uses ceramic capacitors to achieve smaller size and faster load transient response. Simulation and experimental results prove the theoretical analysis.
Antibacterial Effect of Oral Rinses Containing Phytosphingosine (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Subpicosecond, electromagnetic pulses from intense laser-plasma interaction (1993)

Laser pulses with a power of ${10}^{12}$ W and a duration of ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$ s were focused onto both gas and solid targets. Strong emission of pulsed radiation at terahertz frequencies was observed from the resulting plasmas. The most intense radiation was detected from solid density targets and was correlated with the emission of MeV x rays and electrons. Results indicate that radiative processes in such plasmas are driven by ponderomotively induced space charge fields in excess of ${10}^{8}$ V/cm. This work constitutes the first direct observation of a laser-induced wake field.
Vitamin C matters: increased oxidative stress in cultured human aortic endothelial cells without supplemental ascorbic acid (2002)

Because standard culture media for human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) do not contain vitamin C, we hypothesized that HAEC may be under significant oxidative insult compared with the situation in vivo. To assess parameters of oxidative stress, intracellular vitamin C, glutathione (GSH), GSH/GSSG, and NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratios, as well as oxidant appearance and oxidative damage, were measured in HAEC with or without vitamin C addition. The effect of vitamin C on eNOS activity was also determined. Results showed that HAEC without vitamin C treatment were essentially scorbutic. On addition of 100 mM vitamin C to the culture media, intracellular vitamin C levels increased and peaked at 6 h. A concomitant increase in the total GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio was also observed; the NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratio increased more slowly over the 24-h time course. Significantly lower (P <0.05) oxidant appearance and steady-state oxidative damage were also observed following vitamin C repletion. Vitamin C treatment increased eNOS activity by 600%. Thus, HAEC are scorbutic under normal culture conditions and exhibit higher oxidative stress than vitamin C repleted cells. Vitamin C supplementation should be considered when using cultured cells, especially when experimental endpoints are related to cellular redox status and eNOS activity.
An Intelligent Navigation Aid for Land Mobile Applications Using Augmented Reality Technologies (2003)

Over the last few decades, improvements to vehicle safety have focused on reducing the severity of trauma rather than accident prevention. However, current technological developments in positioning and visualisation are now offering the opportunity to improve driver decision-making and accident avoidance abilities. Augmented reality (AR) technologies enable digitally stored information to be overlaid graphically on views of the real world. For land mobile applications, AR can be used to improve driver awareness of the surrounding environment, particularly during times of limited visibility. Such a system can complement other developing technologies capable of alerting drivers when their vehicle is drifting off the road or into a lane of on-coming traffic. This research aims to develop an Intelligent Navigation Aid that enables drivers to 'see' the road and surrounding vehicles in poor visibility conditions. An AR system that combines real-time road imagery with augmented information of highlighted road boundaries and surrounding vehicles is described in this paper. Essential to the operation of the system is accurate positioning and attitude (heading, pitch and roll) determination for the vehicle that enables alignment of virtual objects with the real world. Real-time position and attitude is computed using a multi-antenna array of dual frequency GPS receivers. A fibre optic gyro and vehicle odometer are integrated within a Kalman filter to maintain system operation during GPS outages. Additionally, a video camera mounted on the dashboard captures the driver's perspective view. Using the positioning and attitude information, a three-dimensional model containing the augmented information is overlaid onto this view. The prototype development and successful field tests conducted in Melbourne, Australia, are discussed in this paper. Practical results and recommendations for future developments are also presented.
Mechanisms for blood pressure lowering and metabolic effects of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics (2010)

Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are among the most commonly used antihypertensives and have been available for over 50 years. However, the mechanism by which these drugs chronically lower blood pressure is poorly understood. Possible mechanisms include direct endothelial- or vascular smooth muscle-mediated vasodilation and indirect compensation to acute decreases in cardiac output. In addition, thiazides are associated with adverse metabolic effects, particularly hyperglycemia, and the mechanistic underpinnings of these effects are also poorly understood. Thiazide-induced hypokalemia, as well as other theories to explain these metabolic disturbances, including increased visceral adiposity, hyperuricemia, decreased glucose metabolism and pancreatic beta-cell hyperpolarization, may play a role. Understanding genetic variants with differential responses to thiazides could reveal new mechanistic candidates for future research to provide a more complete understanding of the blood pressure and metabolic response to thiazide diuretics.
Caspase‐11 non‐canonical inflammasome: a critical sensor of intracellular lipopolysaccharide in macrophage‐mediated inflammatory responses (2017)

Inflammatory responses mediated by macrophages are part of the innate immune system, whose role is to protect against invading pathogens. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria stimulates an inflammatory response by macrophages. During the inflammatory response, extracellular LPS is recognized by Toll-like receptor 4, one of the pattern recognition receptors that activates inflammatory signalling pathways and leads to the production of inflammatory mediators. The innate immune response is also triggered by intracellular inflammasomes, and inflammasome activation induces pyroptosis and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 by macrophages. Cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase)-11 and the human orthologues caspase-4/caspase-5 were recently identified as components of the 'non-canonical inflammasome' that senses intracellular LPS derived from Gram-negative bacteria during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Direct recognition of intracellular LPS facilitates the rapid oligomerization of caspase-11/4/5, which results in pyroptosis and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. LPS is released into the cytoplasm from Gram-negative bacterium-containing vacuoles by small interferon-inducible guanylate-binding proteins encoded on chromosome 3 (GBP<sup>chr3</sup> )-mediated lysis of the vacuoles. In vivo studies have clearly shown that caspase-11<sup>-/-</sup> mice are more resistant to endotoxic septic shock by excessive LPS challenge. Given the evidence, activation of caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasomes by intracellular LPS is distinct from canonical inflammasome activation and provides a new paradigm in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.
Niemann-Pick; Type C (1996)

To the Editor: Shulman et al. [1] draw attention to the late presentation of Niemann-Pick disease, type C (NPC). Some aspects of their paper deserve amplification. The authors allude to abnormal intracellular cholesterol metabolism in their introduction but then distinguish NPC from Niemann-Pick disease types A and B on the basis of sphingomyelinase activity. Distinction between the subtypes of Niemann-Pick disease on the basis of sphingomyelinase activity is hazardous at best, although the statement that there is variable sphingomyelinase activity in cells from NPC patients is essentially correct. NPC is a lipidosis in which abnormal intracellular trafficking of exogenously derived cholesterol is associated with excess lysosomal storage of unesterified cholesterol. The variable depression of acid sphingomyelinase activity …
On the Optimal Ordering of Maps and Selections under Factorization (2005)

The query optimizer of a database system is confronted with two aspects when handling user-defined functions (UDFs) in query predicates: the vast differences in evaluation costs between UDFs (and other functions) and multiple calls of the same (expensive) UDF The former is dealt with by ordering the evaluation of the predicates optimally, the latter by identifying common subexpressions and thereby avoiding costly recomputation. Current approaches order n predicates optimally (neglecting factorization) in O(nlogn). Their result may deviate significantly from the optimal solution under factorization. We formalize the problem of finding optimal orderings under factorization and prove that it is NP-hard. Furthermore, we show how to improve on the run time of the brute-force algorithm (which computes all possible orderings) by presenting different enhanced algorithms. Although in the worst case these algorithms obviously still behave exponentially, our experiments demonstrate that for real-life examples their performance is much better.
Antimony(V) Fluoride (2001)

[7783-70-2] F5Sb (MW 216.74)





InChI = 1S/5FH.Sb/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+5/p-5



InChIKey = VBVBHWZYQGJZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I



(one of the strongest Lewis acids,1 used as catalyst for Friedel–Crafts reactions, isomerization, and other acid related chemistry;1 an efficient acid system for preparation of carbocations and onium ions as well as their salts;1 a fluorinating agent, and a strong oxidant)



Alternate Name: antimony pentafluoride.



Physical Data: bp 149.5 °C.



Solubility: SbF5 reacts with most organic solvents, forming solids with ether, acetone, carbon disulfide, and petroleum ether. SbF5 is soluble in SO2 and SO2ClF.



Form Supplied in: viscous liquid; commercially available.



Handling, Storage, and Precautions: SbF5 is extremely corrosive, toxic, and moisture sensitive. It can be purified by distillation. SbF5 fumes when exposed to atmosphere. It should be stored under anhydrous conditions in a Teflon bottle and handled using proper gloves in a well ventilated hood.
Systematic Analysis of Gene Expression Differences between Left and Right Atria in Different Mouse Strains and in Human Atrial Tissue (2011)

Our study reveals systematic differences between left and right atrial gene expression and supports the hypothesis that Pitx2c has a functional role in maintaining "leftness" in the atrium in adult murine and human hearts.
Detection of monoclonal antibodies using chemically modified graphite substrates (2010)

This paper presents a novel sensor device based on chemically modified Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG). Biosensor diagnostics based on bio-functionalised semiconductor devices are an important development in ultrasensitive sensors for early detection of disease biomarkers. Electrochemical devices using chemically modified graphite (CMG) channels are excellent candidates for nano-biosensors. By attaching aniline to HOPG, via coupling with an aryl diazonium salt, the amino group of the aniline molecule has been used to graft antibodies (1) targeted against beta-actin and (2) targeted against 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) onto the HOPG surface. Antibody attachment to graphitic surfaces has been verified using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) to detect attached quantum-dot labeled antibodies. Furthermore, the current-voltage characteristics of virgin and chemically modified HOPG surfaces have been used to detect the presence of antibodies at nM concentrations.
Evolved Transforms for Image Reconstruction (2005)

This investigation uses a genetic algorithm to optimize coefficient sets describing inverse transforms that significantly reduce mean squared error of reconstructed images. Quantization error introduced during image compression and reconstruction is one of the worst noise sources, due to the fact that information is always permanently lost during the transformation process. Our approach establishes an adaptive filtering methodology for evolving transforms that outperform discrete wavelet inverse transforms for the reconstruction of images subjected to quantization error. Inverse transforms evolved against a single training image consistently generalize to exhibit superior performance against other images from the test set.
Computing Approximate Nash Equilibria and Robust Best-Responses Using Sampling (2014)

This article discusses two contributions to decision-making in complex partially observable stochastic games. First, we apply two state-of-the-art search techniques that use Monte-Carlo sampling to the task of approximating a Nash-Equilibrium (NE) in such games, namely Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and Monte-Carlo Counterfactual Regret Minimization (MCCFR). MCTS has been proven to approximate a NE in perfect-information games. We show that the algorithm quickly finds a reasonably strong strategy (but not a NE) in a complex imperfect information game, i.e. Poker. MCCFR on the other hand has theoretical NE convergence guarantees in such a game. We apply MCCFR for the first time in Poker. Based on our experiments, we may conclude that MCTS is a valid approach if one wants to learn reasonably strong strategies fast, whereas MCCFR is the better choice if the quality of the strategy is most important. Our second contribution relates to the observation that a NE is not a best response against players that are not playing a NE. We present Monte-Carlo Restricted Nash Response (MCRNR), a sample-based algorithm for the computation of restricted Nash strategies. These are robust best-response strategies that (1) exploit non-NE opponents more than playing a NE and (2) are not (overly) exploitable by other strategies. We combine the advantages of two state-of-the-art algorithms, i.e. MCCFR and Restricted Nash Response (RNR). MCRNR samples only relevant parts of the game tree. We show that MCRNR learns quicker than standard RNR in smaller games. Also we show in Poker that MCRNR learns robust best-response strategies fast, and that these strategies exploit opponents more than playing a NE does.
Salivary volatiles as indicators of periodontitis (1980)

Volatile organic compounds in mouth air and saliva are useful in diagnosis of several systemic pathologies. Specific oral metabolites (ammonia, urea, volatile sulphur compounds) have been suggested as possible diagnostic and contributory factors to the etiology or pathogenesis of periodontitis. In this study, volatile organic compounds are characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry from the headspace of incubated whole saliva from subjects with essentially normal oral health and subjects with moderate to severe periodontitis as rated by four oral health indices. Several compounds including aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, indole and dimethyl disulfide appear common to all subjects. Moreover, aromatic nitrogen containing compounds, i.e., pyridine and picolines, appear only in subjects with moderate to severe periodontitis. The occurrence of pyridine and picolines in the salivary volatiles of diseased subjects suggests that they are related to the disease process.
Some Determinants of User Perceptions of Information Quality on the World Wide Web (2003)

Information quality problems may occur because of the ease with which information can be published on the Internet. The study proposed here examines the effect of a simple training intervention designed to sensitize users to potential problems with the quality of Internet-based information. A survey based on a framework identifying fifteen dimensions of information quality is being administered to 300 students. Preliminary results suggest that training designed to sensitize users to possible information quality problems and to help them assess the quality of Internet-based information has the potential to lead to more favorable perceptions of this information, at least in the case of perceptions of information accessed to perform some specific tasks. The results of the study have the potential to inform the design of training programs aimed at improving users’ understanding of the quality of Internet-based information.
A High-Fat Diet Coordinately Downregulates Genes Required for Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Skeletal Muscle (2005)

Obesity and type 2 diabetes have been associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and reduced mitochondrial mass and function. We hypothesized a HFD may affect expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we fed 10 insulin-sensitive males an isoenergetic HFD for 3 days with muscle biopsies before and after intervention. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed 297 genes were differentially regulated by the HFD (Bonferonni adjusted P < 0.001). Six genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) decreased. Four were members of mitochondrial complex I: NDUFB3, NDUFB5, NDUFS1, and NDUFV1; one was SDHB in complex II and a mitochondrial carrier protein SLC25A12. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC1) alpha and PGC1beta mRNA were decreased by -20%, P < 0.01, and -25%, P < 0.01, respectively. In a separate experiment, we fed C57Bl/6J mice a HFD for 3 weeks and found that the same OXPHOS and PGC1 mRNAs were downregulated by approximately 90%, cytochrome C and PGC1alpha protein by approximately 40%. Combined, these results suggest a mechanism whereby HFD downregulates genes necessary for OXPHOS and mitochondrial biogenesis. These changes mimic those observed in diabetes and insulin resistance and, if sustained, may result in mitochondrial dysfunction in the prediabetic/insulin-resistant state.