gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometrical factors in avalanche punchthrough erase (1977)

It is known that the surface potential of an IGFET can be raised to high levels by reverse-bias pulsing its source and drain. This high surface potential is contingent upon both punchthrough and avalanche injection of majority carriers into the surface region. Erase of some multilayer charge storage memory cells is accomplished using such an avalanche punchthrough erase (APTE) operation. In this paper the maximum surface potential achievable in this manner is assessed for a variety of geometries. The calculation is based upon a Fourier sine transform solution of Poisson's equation, coupled with the sampling theorem for spatially localized functions. The depletion width is determined self-consistently and is found to vary from a minimum value at mid-channel to a maximum value at the channel ends. It is found that the maximum surface potential is achieved for devices whose junction depth is comparable to or greater than the channel length. Under these conditions the surface potential can be as large as the reverse bias less the punchthrough voltage. To avoid serious short-channel behavior during normal read operations, it is suggested that the condition <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Nl^{2} > 2V_{D}k\isin_{0}/e</tex> be observed, where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> = doping level/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</tex> = half channel length, V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</inf> = drain voltage during read, K = dielectric constant of semiconductor, ∈ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> = permittivity of free space, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</tex> = electronic charge. Thus for a 2-µm channel length we recommend a junction depth ≥2 µm, and a doping level ≈6.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for a memory cell which is to use APTE and a read voltage <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V_{D} \simeq 5</tex> V.
Studies on Mold Dextranases (1971)

Journal Article Studies on Mold Dextranases: 1. Penicillium luteum Dextranase: Its Production and Some Enzymatic Properties Get access Juichiro FUKUMOTO, Juichiro FUKUMOTO Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-kuOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hikoji TSUJI, Hikoji TSUJI * Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-kuOsaka * Present address: Research Laboratory of Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Toshima-ku, Tokyo. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daisuke TSURU Daisuke TSURU Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-kuOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 69, Issue 6, June 1971, Pages 1113–1121, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129564 Published: 01 June 1971 Article history Received: 07 January 1971 Published: 01 June 1971
Human antibody responses against schistosomal antigens. I. Antibodies from patients with Ancylostoma, Ascaris lumbricoides or Schistosoma mansoni infections react with schistosome antigens. (1988)

Sera of patients with either hookworm infections or ascariasis, who are from areas nonendemic for Schistosoma mansoni, contain antibody reactivity against extracts of S. mansoni schistosomula. Such patients with hookworm, but not those with Ascaris lumbricoides, also express considerable antibody activity against intact schistosomula and schistosomular membrane preparations. Sera from patients with schistosomiasis mansoni also contain these activities. Because these three helminthic infections often occur in the same areas, and concomitantly in patients, anti-schistosomular reactivity should not be ascribed only to exposure to schistosomes. The demonstration and definition of these surface-specific cross-reactivities point out the problems of serodiagnosis, and the potential of interactive influences in the common occurrence of multiple helminthic infections in humans.
Stimuli-Responsive Poly(caprolactone) Vesicles for Dual Drug Delivery under the Gastrointestinal Tract (2013)

We report the first example of carboxylic functionalized poly(caprolactone) (PCL) block copolymer vesicles as a novel dual drug delivery pH responsive vehicle for oral administration under the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A new carboxylic functionalized caprolactone monomer was custom designed through multistep organic reactions and polymerized under controlled ROP using polyethylene glycol (PEG-2000) to produce amphiphilic diblocks, PEG-b-CPCLx, with x = 25, 50, 75, and 100. These carboxylic PCL block copolymers were self-organized into 100-250 nm vesicular assemblies in water. The size and shape of the vesicular assemblies were confirmed by light scattering, zeta potential, and electron microscopes. These vesicles were capable of loading both hydrophilic molecules (Rhodamine B, Rh-B) and hydrophobic drugs such as ibuprofen (IBU) and camptothecin (CPT) in the core and layer, respectively. These pH-responsive PCL vesicles were stable in strong acidic conditions (pH < 2.0, stomach) and ruptured to release the loaded cargoes under neutral or basic pH (7.0 ≤ pH, similar to that of small intestine). The drug release kinetics under simulated GI tract revealed that the individual drug loaded vesicles followed the combination of diffusion and erosion pathway, whereas the dual drug loaded vesicles predominantly followed the diffusion controlled process. Thus, the custom designed PCL vesicles open up new area of pH stimuli responsive polymer vehicles for delivering multiple drugs in oral drug delivery which are yet to be explored for biomedical applications.
Design and fabrication of a novel integrated floating-electrode-"electret"-microphone (FFEM) (2002)

In this study, a novel principle "electret" microphone is proposed and implemented by a single-chip fabrication technique. The microphone uses a charged floating electrode surrounded by highly insulated materials as "electret" to excite electric field. Net free-electric-charges (not "bonded" charges as in traditional electret) in the floating electrode can be easily charged by use of the "hot" electron technique, available using the so-called avalanche-breakdown technique of p/sup +/-n junction. Thus the electret microphone is rechargeable, which can greatly increase the lifetime of the microphone. Preamplifier has been on-chip integrated in a JFET type by use of ion implantation. "Electret" charges are bonded in a deep potential trap, different from that of traditional electret of which the charges are in a surface shallow potential trap, thus this microphone can operate at high temperature (high as 300/spl deg/C) and has high stability and reliability. Experiments show that the prototype microphone has a 3 mV/Pa sensitivity and 2l kHz frequency bandwidth in a 1 mm /spl times/1 mm diaphragm area. Microphone performance can be further improved by use of the optimized processes and designs. The fabrication is completely IC-compatible, hence the microphone is promising in the integrated acoustic systems.
A model-based engineering process for increasing productivity in discrete manufacturing (2002)

In a competitive market, manufacturing enterprises require a process of continuous on-going improvement in order to maintain and enhance productivity and a competitive edge. The use of Information Systems (IS) has been increasingly playing a critical role in any such engineering process. The primary drivers are efficiency and quality increase through automation facilitation of better business processes and improved decision making. The engineering process involves use of an IS for collection of relevant production data, visualization, analysis and decision making. Many problems and issues relating to the design, development, integration, evolution and maintenance of ISs in large-scale and complex plants have become apparent which are not adequately addressed by the traditional Process Monitoring and Control (PM&C) systems. Model Integrated Computing (MIC) offers a feasible approach towards providing cost-effective development, integration, evolution and maintenance of ISs through the extensive use of models during the life cycle. This paper describes the application of MIC in the engineering process for improving productivity in the context of discrete manufacturing operations at Saturn. The Saturn Site Production Flow (SSPF) system is a client-server application, designed to provide an integrated problem-solving environment. It presents consistent and pertinent information, provides analysis and decision support services that are needed for informed decision making by the team members and leaders within Saturn.
Influence of water in the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (1983)

Abstract The polymerization of tetrahydrofuran by acetyl perchlorate as initiator in methylene dichloride solution in the presence of water shows the same rate‐constant and yields polymer of the same number average degree of polymerization as its polymerization in anhydrous systems provided that [H 2 O] < [CH 3 CO + ClO 4 − ]. The fact that water causes neither retardation nor transfer is explained.
Effect of p40 <sup>tax</sup> <i>trans</i> -Activator of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I on Expression of Autoantigens (1994)

The possibility of a retroviral etiology has long been raised in a number of autoimmune disorders. More recently, Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis were noted in transgenic mice carrying the tax gene of human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). To evaluate the involvement of HTLV-I Tax in autoimmunity, its effect on expression of autoantigens was investigated. A metallothionein promoter-driven p40tax expression plasmid, pMAXRHneo-1, was stably transfected into Molt4 and Jurkat cells and the p40tax protein was induced with CdCl2. trans-Activation or trans-repression of autoantigens by HTLV-I Tax was studied by Western blot analysis utilizing autoantigen-specific murine monoclonal and rabbit polyvalent antibodies as well as sera from 161 autoimmune patients. Induction of p40tax of HTLV-I had no significant effect on levels of expression of common autoantigens U1 snRNP, Sm, Ro, La, HSP-70, topoisomerase I/Scl70, PCNA, and HRES-1. Expression of two potentially novel autoantigens, 44 and 46 kDa, was induced by p40tax as detected by sera of progressive systemic sclerosis patients, BAK and VAR. By contrast, expression of 24- and 34-kDa proteins was suppressed in response to induction of p40tax as detected by sera of systemic lupus erythematosus patients PUS and HOR. Because none of these patients were infected by HTLV-I, a protein functionally similar to p40tax may be involved in eliciting autoantigen expression and a subsequent autoantibody response in a minority of patients with PSS and SLE. Sera of autoimmune patients may also be utilized to detect novel proteins trans-activated or trans-repressed by p40tax of HTLV-I.
Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Tissue Culture by Trisodium Phosphonoformate (1979)

The present report describes the in vitro effect on herpes simplex virus (HSV) replication of trisodium phosphonoformate (PFA), a drug with low toxicity and which selectively inhibits the HSV induced DNA-polymerase and thus may have potential use in the treatment of HSV infection in man. The inhibitory effect of PFA on HSV replication was strictly dose-dependent and in the presence of 0.25 mM PFA the TCID50 titers of HSV-1 and HSV-2 reference strains in green monkey kidney cells were decreased by 2 log units. The amount of virus inoculated or produced in the culture and the time for PFA-HSV interaction were factors influencing the virus inhibitory effect of PFA. None of 41 HSV-1 and 39 HSV-2 wild strains were resistant to the drug. However, passage of plaque purified HSV in the presence of 0.25 mM PFA resulted in appearance of mutants gradually more PFA resistant.
Evaluation of the hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant activities of Morinda officinalis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. (2002)

The results indicate that the dried roots of Morinda officinalis possess hypoglycemic, hyperglycemic and anti-oxidant properties.
X-ray diffraction under ultrahigh pressure generated with sintered diamond anvils (1986)

High pressures generated with sintered diamond as the second stage anvils in the ‘‘6-2 type’’ double-stage apparatus have been calibrated by x-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation. Sintered diamond has permitted a fair amount of x-ray transparency although the chemical analysis shows the existence of 14-wt. % Co binder. Anvils with a top face of 0.7 mm diam performed the generation of 60 GPa, which was confirmed on the lattice parameters of B1 and B2 phases of NaCl. No appreciable plastic deformation of the used anvils has certified the higher pressure generation.
Suppression of Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats by Cholesterol (1987)

Dietary cholesterol suppressed adjuvant arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disease, in rats, but did not significantly affect carrageenin edema, an acute inflammation. When rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet beginning 10 days before injection of adjuvant, the development of the adjuvant-induced arthritis was greatly suppressed. Cholesterol feeding prevented hypertrophy of the adrenal gland in arthritic rats, but had little influence on the serum corticosterone level. A significant positive correlation was observed between the adrenal weight and the severity of the arthritis. These findings suggest that the effect of cholesterol feeding is not due to increased adrenal sterol synthesis. Dietary cholesterol also prevented hypertrophy of the spleen, but had no effect on atrophy of the thymus in adjuvant-treated rats. Cholesterol-fed rats showed a significant decrease in the serum lipid peroxide level and a significant increase in the serum copper level. Adjuvant treatment not only enhanced hypercholesterolemia produced by cholesterol feeding, but also the level of free cholesterol in serum. These results suggest that dietary cholesterol may exert some effect on the immune response through changes in spleen and liver functions.
Vanadate normalizes hyperglycemia in two mouse models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1991)

We have studied the effects of oral administration of vanadate, an insulinometic agent and a potent inhibitor of phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase (PTPase) in vitro, on blood glucose and PTPase action, in two hyperinsulinemic rodent models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Oral administration of vanadate (0.25 mg/ml in the drinking water) to ob/ob mice for 3 wk lowered blood glucose level from 236 +/- 4 to 143 +/- 2 mg/dl without effect on body weight. Administration of vanadate to db/db mice produced a similar effect. Electron microscopic examination revealed no signs of hepatotoxicity after 47 d of treatment. There was a slight reduction in insulin receptor autophosphorylation when tested by immunoblotting with antiphosphotyrosine antibody after in vivo stimulation, and the phosphorylation of the endogenous substrate of the insulin receptor, pp185, was markedly decreased in the ob/ob mice. Both cytosolic and particulate PTPase activities in liver of ob/ob mice measured by dephosphorylation of a 32P-labeled peptide corresponding to the major site of insulin receptor autophosphorylation were decreased by approximately 50% (P less than 0.01). In db/db diabetic mice, PTPase activity in the cytosolic fraction was decreased to 53% of control values (P less than 0.02) with no significant difference in the particulate PTPase activity. Treatment with vanadate did not alter hepatic PTPase activity as assayed in vitro, or receptor and substrate phosphorylation as assayed in vivo, in ob/ob mice despite its substantial effect on blood glucose. These data indicate that vanadate is an effective oral hypoglycemic treatment in NIDDM states and suggest that its major effects occurs distal to the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase.
Machine learning identifies interacting genetic variants contributing to breast cancer risk: A case study in Finnish cases and controls (2018)

We propose an effective machine learning approach to identify group of interacting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which contribute most to the breast cancer (BC) risk by assuming dependencies among BCAC iCOGS SNPs. We adopt a gradient tree boosting method followed by an adaptive iterative SNP search to capture complex non-linear SNP-SNP interactions and consequently, obtain group of interacting SNPs with high BC risk-predictive potential. We also propose a support vector machine formed by the identified SNPs to classify BC cases and controls. Our approach achieves mean average precision (mAP) of 72.66, 67.24 and 69.25 in discriminating BC cases and controls in KBCP, OBCS and merged KBCP-OBCS sample sets, respectively. These results are better than the mAP of 70.08, 63.61 and 66.41 obtained by using a polygenic risk score model derived from 51 known BC-associated SNPs, respectively, in KBCP, OBCS and merged KBCP-OBCS sample sets. BC subtype analysis further reveals that the 200 identified KBCP SNPs from the proposed method performs favorably in classifying estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) BC cases both in KBCP and OBCS data. Further, a biological analysis of the identified SNPs reveals genes related to important BC-related mechanisms, estrogen metabolism and apoptosis.
Difurocoumarins, Psoralen Analogs: Synthesis and DNA Photobinding (1995)

A new tetracyclic derivative, difurocoumarin, was synthesized and studied in order to ascertain its possible use as a photochemotherapeutic agent alternative to psoralens. The compound proved able to photobind monofunctionally to DNA on irradiation with UV-A. A photocycloadduct with thymine was isolated and characterized spectroscopically.
Extension of the CHARMM general force field to sulfonyl‐containing compounds and its utility in biomolecular simulations (2012)

Presented is an extension of the CHARMM General Force Field (CGenFF) to enable the modeling of sulfonyl-containing compounds. Model compounds containing chemical moieties such as sulfone, sulfonamide, sulfonate, and sulfamate were used as the basis for the parameter optimization. Targeting high-level quantum mechanical and experimental crystal data, the new parameters were optimized in a hierarchical fashion designed to maintain compatibility with the remainder of the CHARMM additive force field. The optimized parameters satisfactorily reproduced equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, interactions with water, gas phase dipole moments, and dihedral potential energy scans. Validation involved both crystalline and liquid phase calculations showing the newly developed parameters to satisfactorily reproduce experimental unit cell geometries, crystal intramolecular geometries, and pure solvent densities. The force field was subsequently applied to study conformational preference of a sulfonamide based peptide system. Good agreement with experimental IR/NMR data further validated the newly developed CGenFF parameters as a tool to investigate the dynamic behavior of sulfonyl groups in a biological environment. CGenFF now covers sulfonyl group containing moieties allowing for modeling and simulation of sulfonyl-containing compounds in the context of biomolecular systems including compounds of medicinal interest.
Erythrocyte‐magnetized technology: an original and innovative method for blood group serology (2008)

BACKGROUND: Erythrocyte‐magnetized technology (EMT) is a new fully automated method for ABO‐RH‐K phenotyping and antibody detection. The magnetization of red cells avoids centrifugation and washing phases. This report describes the results of an evaluation of this new technology on its specific automated system. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: ABO‐RH‐K phenotyping was compared between EMT and a semiautomated routine method (liquid microplate for ABO‐D and microcolumn system for RH‐K) on 311 patients' samples. The overall performance of the new method was further assessed in daily routine on a total of 11,022 samples during 3 months in two different laboratories. Antibody detection was evaluated on 624 consecutive patients' samples and on 118 frozen samples containing specific antibodies in comparison with commercial microcolumn systems. RESULTS: Eight of 311 ABO‐RH‐K tests (2.6%) were not interpreted by EMT. Seven of them were weak antigen or reverse grouping reactions showing a negative result with the routine method. On a 3‐month follow‐up, 216 of 11,022 tests (1.96%) were not interpreted by the system, 75 percent of them being due to weak or mixed‐field reactions. EMT was better in detecting ABO‐D mixed‐field reaction than routine microplate method. Detection of clinically significant antibodies was similar between EMT and microcolumn. In contrast, EMT detected a markedly lower rate of presumed nonsignificant antibodies. The system presents an overall high reliability. CONCLUSION: EMT is tailored to meet the needs of the transfusion service and represents an important advance in the field of immunohematology.
Calculation of heating and burst phenomena in electrically exploded foils (1977)

A method is presented for computing the transient current and temperature distributions in electrically exploded foils. The model employed is applicable up until the time of burst. Calculations are presented for Al, Cu, and Au foils showing good agreement with experimental current waveforms and burst times over a wide range of capacitor-bank charging voltages and for varying foil cross sections. The two-dimensional nature of the calculation permits investigation of effects associated with nonuniform heating of the foil and gives an estimate of the simultaneity of burst.
Evaluation of 18F-CPFPX, a novel adenosine A1 receptor ligand: in vitro autoradiography and high-resolution small animal PET. (2003)

(18)F-CPFPX is a highly selective and specific ligand for A(1)ARs and a suitable radioligand for noninvasive PET imaging of A(1)ARs in the living brain. These studies also support the application of high-resolution animal PET as an effective in vivo imaging tool in the evaluation process of new radioligands.