gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[A comparative study on the expressions of IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in BMMNC of acute and chronic aplastic anemia patients]. (2000)

Enhanced cellular immunity seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of SAA, and enhancement of both cellular and humoral immunity might contribute to the pathogenesis of CAA.
Design and construction of high-sensitivity, infrared bolometers for operation at 300 mK (1992)

The design and construction of 300-mK composite bolometers developed for millimeter-wave astronomical observations are described. Graphite fibers are used as the electrical leads for the thermistor to reduce the thermal conductance and heat capacity associated with the leads. A mechanical suspension made of Nylon fibers odes the required thermal conductance. Electrical noise equivalent powers below 1 x 10(-16) W/ radicalHz have been achieved for detectors with thermal time constants of 11 ms. The detectors were installed in a millimeter-wave photometer and used to perform observations of the cosmic microwave background from a balloonborne platform. The flight performance was consistent with the measured laboratory properties.
Transition metal‐ and acid‐induced transformations of 6‐siloxy‐substituted 5,6‐dihydro‐4<i>H</i>‐1,2‐oxazines: Preparation of pyrroles, nitrones, 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds and derivatives thereof (1990)

Abstract A variety of 6‐siloxy‐substituted 5,6‐dihydro‐4 H ‐1,2‐oxazines (abbreviation: 1,2‐oxazines) 1 , 3 could be transformed into di‐ and trisubstituted pyrroles 2 , 4 by means of molybdenum hexacarbonyl. The mechanism of this deoxygenating ring contraction is discussed. With two bicyclic 1,2‐oxazines an acid‐catalyzed fragmentation affording α‐methylenecycloalkanones 7 has been observed, while other 1,2‐oxazines rearrange in methanolic acid to give nitrones 9, 10 . The desilylation of 6‐siloxy‐substituted 1,2‐oxazines 1 , 3 employing NEt 3 · 3 HF is a very general and smooth process providing 6‐hydroxy‐1,2‐oxazines 11 , 12 or their corresponding acyclic tautomers 13 , 14 in high yields. For two examples of 11 deoximations by use of formalin could be achieved with moderate efficiency giving 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds 15 .
Kolloidale Halbleiter‐Q‐Teilchen: Chemie im Übergangsbereich zwischen Festkörper und Molekül (1993)

Abstract In nanometergroßen Halbleiterteilchen findet mit abnehmender Teilchengröße ein allmählicher Übergang vom Festkörper zum Molekül statt. Aus Energiebändern werden dabei diskrete, quantisierte Energieniveaus. Man spricht deshalb bei Partikeln, die diesen Größenquantisierungseffekt zeigen, auch von „Q‐Teilchen”︁ oder allgemein von „quantisierter Materie”︁. Die optischen, elektronischen und katalytischen Eigenschaften der Q‐Teilchen unterscheiden sich drastisch von denen der makrokristallinen Stoffe. Die Bandlücke, im Makrokristall eine stoff‐spezifische Größe, wächst bei Q‐Teilchen mit sinkender Teilchengröße um bis zu mehrere Elektronenvolt an. In Q‐Teilchen befinden sich etwa gleich viele Moleküle auf Oberflächenplätzen wie im Inneren der Teilchen. Neben der Teilchengröße bestimmt deshalb auch die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit sehr maßgeblich physikalisch‐chemische Eigenschaften der Partikel. Q‐Teilchen vieler Materialien lassen sich in Form kolloidaler Lösungen oder eingebettet in poröse Matrizen leicht herstellen und sind über lange Zeit stabil. In Sandwichkolloiden, in denen Q‐Teilchen mehrerer Materialien miteinander verknüpft sind sowie in porösen Halbleiterelektroden, bei denen Q‐Teilchen in den Poren aufgebracht sind, beobachtet man eine sehr effiziente primäre Ladungstrennung. Als Folge davon zeigen Sandwichkolloide eine stark erhöhte photokatalytische Aktivität im Vergleich zu den getrennten Teilchen und die mit Q‐Teilchen modifizierten Elektroden hohe Photoströme. Dieser Übersichtsartikel befaßt sich mit dem Größenquantisierungseffekt, der Synthese und Charakterisierung von Q‐Teilchen sowie mit spektroskopischen, elektrochemischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen dieser Partikeln.
Atomic Layer Deposited Corrosion Protection: A Path to Stable and Efficient Photoelectrochemical Cells (2016)

A fundamental challenge in developing photoelectrochemical cells for the renewable production of solar chemicals and fuels is the simultaneous requirement of efficient light absorption and robust stability under corrosive conditions. Schemes for corrosion protection of semiconductor photoelectrodes such as silicon using deposited layers were proposed and attempted for several decades, but increased operational lifetimes were either insufficient or the resulting penalties for device efficiency were prohibitive. In recent years, advances in atomic layer deposition (ALD) of thin coatings have made novel materials engineering possible, leading to substantial and simultaneous improvements in stability and efficiency of photoelectrochemical cells. The self-limiting, layer-by-layer growth of ALD makes thin films with low pinhole densities possible and may also provide a path to defect control that can generalize this protection technology to a large set of materials necessary to fully realize photoelectrochemical cell technology for artificial photosynthesis.
Thermal Microphotonic Focal Plane Array (TM-FPA) for uncooled high sensitivity thermal imaging. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
MANET simulation studies (2005)

Simulation is the research tool of choice for a majority of the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) community. However, while the use of simulation has increased, the credibility of the simulation results has decreased. To determine the state of MANET simulation studies, we surveyed the 2000-2005 proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc). From our survey, we found significant shortfalls. We present the results of our survey in this paper. We then summarize common simulation study pitfalls found in our survey. Finally, we discuss the tools available that aid the development of rigorous simulation studies. We offer these results to the community with the hope of improving the credibility of MANET simulation-based studies.
Characterization by flow cytometry of fluorescein‐methotrexate transport in chinese hamster ovary cells (1989)

We have studied by flow cytometry the transport of fluorescein-methotrexate in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Fluorescein-methotrexate appears to enter cells via a mechanism different from the carrier-mediated system for methotrexate. This conclusion is supported by the following observations: 1) Fluorescein-methotrexate is transported equally well into normal and mutant cells defective in the inward methotrexate uptake. 2) Folic acid and its reduced states, which competitively inhibit methotrexate uptake, do not alter fluorescein-methotrexate transport. 3) Fluorescein-methotrexate accumulation exhibits a low temperature coefficient (Q10 = 1.6) compared with the influx of methotrexate (Q10 = 6-8). 4) Initial rates of fluorescein-methotrexate uptake are concentration dependent but are not saturable. 5) Fluorescein-methotrexate uptake is very slow and reaches steady state after 8 h, whereas at an equimolar concentration methotrexate reaches saturation after 20 min. 6) Initial influx rates of fluorescein-methotrexate are not affected by the presence of methotrexate. 7) Sulfhydryl-reactive mercurials, which block methotrexate transport, do not reduce fluorescein-methotrexate influx, but rather stimulate it. Thus, based on the nonsaturability of fluorescein-methotrexate inward transport, its low temperature coefficient, and lack of inhibition with structural analogs, we conclude that fluorescein-methotrexate is accumulated in hamster cells by a passive diffusion process.
Quantitative lymphoscintigraphy I: Basic concepts for optimal uptake of radiocolloids in the parasternal lymph nodes of rabbits. (1979)

The activity-size distribution of radiocolloids has been studied using gel-chromatography scanning (GCS) of columns filled with Sepharose 4B gel. Rabbits were injected subcutaneously with the colloid of interest, laid supine beneath a gamma camera, and imaged every 15 sec for 2 to 4 hr. From the stored data, the uptakes in the parasternal lymph nodes were analyzed in terms of two-compartment model, and the rate constants measured. The substances tested were Au- 198 colloid, Tc-99m antimony sulfide colloid, Tc-99m tin colloid, Tc-99m phytate, and Tc-99m sulfur colloid. It was shown that the optimal particle size for the colloid in the range 1-10 nm. The large and most rapid uptake was found for Au- 198 colloid, with a particle size of 5 nm, which appeared as a single peak in the GCS spectrum. The percentage uptake after 2 hr for Au- 198 colloid 8%, while it was 5% for antimony-sulfide colloid, which was the best of the Tc-99m-labeled colloids. The GCS spectrum for the antimony product showed a single-peaked size distribution with a somewhat broader range: 5-15 nm. The particles of the other colloids were either too large to pass into the lymphatic system, or too small to be trapped.
Reduced-dose and high-speed acquisition strategies for multi-dimensional electron microscopy (2015)

Abstract Multi-dimensional electron microscopy has recently gained considerable interest thanks to the advent of microscopes with unprecedented analytical and in situ capabilities. These information-rich imaging modes, though, are often subject to long acquisition times and large data generation. In this paper, we explore novel acquisition strategies and reconstruction algorithms to retrieve reliable reconstructions from datasets that are limited in terms of both per image and tilt series angular sampling. We show that inpainting techniques are capable of restoring scanning transmission electron microscopy images in which a very restricted number of pixels are scanned, while compressed sensing tomographic reconstruction is capable of minimising artefacts due to angular subsampling. An example of robust reconstruction from data constituting a dose reduction of 10× is presented, using an organic/inorganic core-shell nanowire as a test sample. The combination of these novel acquisition schemes and image recovery strategies provides new avenues to reduced-dose and high-speed imaging.
The electroinitiated polymerization of <i>N</i>‐vinylcarbazole with zinc bromide, II. Kinetics of polymerization (1973)

Abstract The electroinitiated polymerization of N ‐vinylcarbazole (VCZ) in acetone solvent at 25°C with zinc bromide, as catalyst, and platinum electrodes was investigated in detail. The polymerization rate was found to be directly dependent on current strength, zinc bromide concentration and the initial water content of the solvent. The molecular weights of the formed polymers (1000–6000) are independent of current strength, zinc bromide concentration and degree of conversion of monomer to polymer, but are affected by water, monomer concentration, and by the type of electrodes used. The chemical composition of the polymer is invariant with current strength, zinc bromide concentration, degree of conversion, and electrode material but does vary slightly with the water content of acetone.
2D and 3D buried gratings made from azobenzene-polymer multilayer films (2006)

Surface relief gratings (SRG) made from azobenzene polymer films by holographic exposure with actinic light show remarkable density modifications in addition to the surface relief. The origin of the huge material transport is attributed to cooperative phenomena associated with the light induced trans-cis and cis-trans isomerization of azobenzene moieties and the subsequent changing of viscoelastic properties during illumination. In case of polydisperse red 1 methacrylate (pDR1m) films and using particular illumination conditions the amplitude of the density grating (DG) can be maximized whereas the amplitude of surface undulations keeps small. The capability of DG formation makes it possible to induce grating formation in the azobenzene polymer film through a thick polymer cover layer which is not affected by the actinic light. Using PMMA as cover layer the grating is located at the PMMA - pDR1m interface (interface grating) while the sample surface stayed almost flat. This concept can be used to prepare 3D mesoscopic crystals by stacking several PMMA/pDR1m bi-layers on top of each other. The interface grating is created in each bi-layer before it becomes covered by the next bi-layer. Patterning of the upper bi-layer takes place after careful positioning of the writing position with respect to the underlying one. These 3D multilayer gratings can be used as dispersive elements for optical light. Their structural performance can be probed by means of light diffraction similar to the x-ray Laue experiment.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Noble Metal Nanoparticles as Photo/Sono‐Catalysts for Synthesis of Chemicals and Degradation of Pollutants (2011)

Abstract Review: 55 refs.
[Surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in eloquent zones of the brain. Apropos of eleven cases]. (1991)

The site of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation, particularly in an eloquent area of the brain, is a significant factor that may influence the therapeutic approach. In these cases, surgery is often viewed as a contraindication. We report our experience of eleven consecutive cases of cerebral arterio-venous malformation in an eloquent area of the brain treated surgically. The resection was complete as confirmed by post-operative angiogram in ten patients. There were no post-operative mortality. One patient had a mild neurological deterioration and all patients have resumed their normal activities. The technical aspects which allowed these results are discussed.
Bimetallic Gold(I)/Chiral <i>N</i>,<i>N′</i>‐Dioxide Nickel(II) Asymmetric Relay Catalysis: Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiroketals and Spiroaminals (2016)

A highly efficient asymmetric cascade reaction between keto esters and alkynyl alcohols and amides is reported. The success of the reaction was attributed to the combination of chiral Lewis acid N,N'-dioxide nickel(II) catalysis with achiral π-acid gold(I) catalysis working as an asymmetric relay catalytic system. The corresponding spiroketals and spiroaminals were synthesized in up to 99 % yield, 19:1 d.r., and more than 99 % ee under mild reaction conditions. Control experiments suggest that the N,N'-dioxide ligand was essential for the formation of the spiro products.
Seed layer induced (002) crystallographic texture in NiAl underlayers (1996)

The magnetic properties of Co alloy thin films are strongly dependent on their crystallographic texture and microstructure which in turn can be controlled by the texture of the underlayer. For Co alloy longitudinal recording media with Cr underlayers, it is desirable to have (002) textured Cr underlayers. Since NiAl has the B2 structure and has a lattice constant similar to that of Cr, NiAl has the potential to be an alternative underlayer to Cr. However, the (002) crystallographic texture of the NiAl films is difficult to obtain. It is found that the (002) texture in NiAl underlayers can be achieved by employing a seed layer of either (002) textured Cr or MgO. Because of the improved texture a significant increase of the in-plane coercivity in CoCrPt/NiAl films was obtained.
Effects of Copper-Zinc Type Superoxide Dismutase on the Proliferation and Migration of Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (1997)

We have investigated the effects of copper-zinc type superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) on the function of oxidized low density lipoprotein, utilizing cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC), obtained from rabbit aorta. We added native LDL (nLDL), minimally oxidized LDL (MmLDL) and copper ion-induced oxidized LDL (OxLDL) to the culture media. No remarkable change was found out by adding nLDL. The numbers of SMC, including migrated SMC, were increased by the addition of MmLDL. Cu, Zn-SOD significantly inhibited the reactions induced by MmLDL. The SMC numbers were markedly decreased by OxLDL addition without recovery by adding Cu, Zn-SOD. Thus, MmLDL significantly promoted the SMC proliferation and migration. OxLDL revealed strong cytotoxicity against SMC. Cu, Zn-SOD inhibited both the migration and the proliferation of SMC induced by MmLDL, and did not alter the effect of OxLDL. In conclusion, Cu, Zn-SOD inhibited some functions of MmLDL, and may play an important role in protecting against the atherosclerotic processes evoked by MmLDL.
Emission spectrum of XeI in electron-beam—excited Xe/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">I</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>mixtures (1975)

Emission spectra observed from electron-beam---excited atmospheric-pressure gas mixtures of Xe and ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$ are reported and analyzed in terms of an ionic alkali-halide-like excited state ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}$${\mathrm{I}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. A simple theory is given to analyze the observed spectra, and predictions of the uv spectra of other inert-gas monohalides are made. This class of molecules appears to offer interesting possibilities for production of new uv lasers.
Exploiting Low Complexity Beam Allocation in Multi-User Switched Beam Millimeter Wave Systems (2018)

Switched-beam systems offer a promising solution for realizing multi-user communications at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. A low-complexity beam allocation (LBA) algorithm has been proposed to solve the challenging problem of maximizing sum data-rates. However, there are practical limitations in mmWave systems, such as restrictions in the number of available radio frequency transceiver chains at the base station, sensitivity to sidelobe interference and the beam generation techniques. In this paper, using generalized beam-patterns, we present the maximum sum data-rates achievable in switched-beam mmWave systems compared with fixed-beam systems by applying LBA. Then, the impact on maximum sum data rates of actual beam-patterns, obtained from a practical mmWave lens antenna, which have higher and non-uniform sidelobes compared with the theoretical beams, is assessed. Finally, as a guide for practical wireless system design, benchmarks are established for relative sidelobe levels that provide acceptable sum data-rate performance when considering generalized beam patterns.
A Tutorial on Thompson Sampling (2017)

Thompson sampling is an algorithm for online decision problems where actions are taken sequentially in a manner that must balance between exploiting what is known to maximize immediate performance and investing to accumulate new information that may improve future performance. The algorithm addresses a broad range of problems in a computationally efficient manner and is therefore enjoying wide use. This tutorial covers the algorithm and its application, illustrating concepts through a range of examples, including Bernoulli bandit problems, shortest path problems, product recommendation, assortment, active learning with neural networks, and reinforcement learning in Markov decision processes. Most of these problems involve complex information structures, where information revealed by taking an action informs beliefs about other actions. We will also discuss when and why Thompson sampling is or is not effective and relations to alternative algorithms.
MR imaging signal response to sustained stimulation in human visual cortex (1994)

The response of signal intensity to transient (on-off) motor and sensory stimulation has been well studied; however, the dependence of signal response on the duration of stimulus requires further characterization. The objective of this study was to determine the time course of signal response in the human visual cortex to prolonged, sustained stimulation and to examine possible contributory physiologic mechanisms. Nine healthy volunteers underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging during sustained visual stimulation with light-proof binocular goggles. With photic stimulation, activation was observed in all subjects as an increase in signal intensity of the visual cortex. With sustained stimulation, a gradual decrease in signal intensity was subsequently observed, with progression toward an apparent steady state. Correlation with positron emission tomographic, MR spectroscopic, and visual evoked-potential data suggests that the initial uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism with a neuronal activation burst may represent a transient phenomenon. This quick-response phase may proceed to an equilibrium coupling of flow and oxidative metabolism, with a gradual normalization of venous deoxyhemoglobin levels and signal intensity.
Ghost/sup 3D/: detecting body posture and parts using stereo (2003)

The paper describes how to detect human posture and upper body parts using overhead narrow-baseline stereo cameras. This information is extracted to understand retail customer behavior while shopping. We propose an approach to detect body posture without using an explicit 3D human model. The proposed method is based on a 3D silhouette, a silhouette-ghost of a person, that is constructed from a 2D silhouette. The 2D silhouette is detected by color and disparity background subtraction. Once the silhouette-ghost is generated, the head and shoulder regions are identified using the human body topological structure which constrains the relative position of each body part. A shape histogram, the distribution of relative positions of points on a 3D silhouette, is introduced to estimate the posture and body parts.
My First SLA Annual Conference (2010)

The report of the 2010 Marion E. Sparks Award winner.
Co-simulation for performance prediction of innovative integrated mechanical energy systems in buildings (2008)

This thesis is an outcome of a PhD. research at the Eindhoven University of Technology that started in July 2003. During the 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, August 2011, Prague, Czech Republic, the author receieved the IIR Willis H. Carrier Medal Young Researchers Award for this work. The research underlying the thesis is concerned with investigation, development and implementation, numerical experimentation and usability testing, of co-simulation for performance prediction of innovative integrated mechanical energy systems in buildings. The main objective and the core issue of the research is how to properly define coupling and obtain accurate simulation results.
The main results of the research show that co-simulation facilitates rapid expansion of modelling capabilities of the state of the art BPS tools. It allows various aspects of buildings to be modelled and simulated in the most appropriate tools. Compared to the traditional approach it offers increased functionality and more flexibility for integrated simulation-based analysis of innovative HVAC system technologies.
Extract from the table of contents: state of the art in building systems simulation; co-simulation (principles and strategies; stability and accuracy; prototypes); validation; case studies (hybrid ventilation with evaporative cooling and run-around heat recovery; air solar heating for desiccant regeneration; earth-to-air heat exchanger coupled to a double-skin facade).