gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of Monodisperse Mesoporous Silica Microspheres with Controllable Size and Surface Morphology in a Microfluidic Device (2008)

Abstract A one‐step in situ method, termed microfluidic diffusion‐induced self‐assembly, for the synthesis of monodisperse ordered mesoporous silica microspheres, is reported. The method combines microfluidic generation of uniform droplets and subsequent in situ rapid solvent diffusion‐induced self‐assembly within the microfluidic channel. The mesoporous silica microspheres prepared in this way reveal well‐ordered 2D hexagonal mesostructures with unprecedented corrugated surface morphology of disordered mesopores that are larger than 15 nm. It is speculated that the formation of an interfacial subphase and rapid diffusion of solvent to oil are attributed to the formation of the unique surface morphology. It is also shown that the surface morphology and the particle size of the mesoporous silica microspheres can be systematically controlled by adjusting fluidic conditions.
Electronic unit Injectors-Revised (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The following paper is an updated version of SAE 885013, previously printed for FISITA '88.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In comparison with current production diesel engines the next generation will need to have better fuel consumption, lower noise and reduced emissions both gaseous and visible.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Research over the last ten years has shown that higher rates of injection, coupled with a sharp end of injection and precise timing control will give considerable benefits.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The Lucas CAV response to this requirement is the development of an electronically controlled unit injector system which provides these characteristics.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the operating principles and looks at the main performance parameters, including design considerations for continuous operation at pressures up to 1500 Bar.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As the unit injector is a new concept to many engine manufacturers, Lucas CAV has developed a suite of computer programmes to assist in the design and engine application process in terms of a complete hydraulic simulation, unit injector drive train analysis and cam design.</div>
The levels of expression of galectin-1, galectin-3, and the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen and their binding sites decrease as clinical aggressiveness increases in head and neck cancers (1999)

The decrease in the extent of expression of galectin-3 and galectin-3-reactive sites, T antigen and T antigen-binding sites, and, to a lesser extent, galectin-1 and galectin-1-reactive sites correlates significantly with an increasing level of clinically detectable HNSCC aggressiveness.
Scanning tunneling microscopic immunoassay: A preliminary experiment (1990)

Imaging of gold colloidal particles bound to immune complexes on conductive substrates was carried out with scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operated in air. STM images of the gold colloids were obtained on models of immunoassay sample of ‘‘gold colloidal particle/immune complex/substrate.’’ One model is composed of gold colloidal particles (average diameter of 15 nm) and an antigen–antibody complex [human immunoglobulin G(IgG) and rabbit anti-human IgG] on a gold substrate. The other the same kind of gold colloids and another kind of immune complex [Hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen and anti-HBs] on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. It was possible to obtain the STM images of gold colloids bound to the immune complexes without heavy metal coatings. The STM images showed corrugations consistent with the coverages expected from the nominal size of the gold colloidals used. The successful measurement suggests that we can make use of STM for a novel immunoassay, ‘‘STM immunoassay,’’ for detecting a trace amount of macromolecules of biological importance.
Solving Riccati differential equations with multilayer neural networks (2002)

The tangential linearisation along the solution curve in a state space has been proposed for solving the feedback stabilisation of a nonlinear system. With the technique a nonlinear control problem can be transferred into a linear time-varying one. However, the Riccati differential equation for the optimal control of the linearised system is not only time dependent, but also the state and input-signal dependent. Therefore, one can not obtain the solution with a general method. In this paper we propose to train multilayer neural networks to get an approximate solution for the Riccati differential equation. An example shows that this method can lead to a good result.
Inhibition of Human Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation in Relation to Composition of Phenolic Antioxidants in Grapes (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>) (1997)

Antioxidant activities of phenolic extracts from fourteen different types of fresh grapes were investigated by measuring the inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in vitro. The inhibition of LDL oxidation ranged from 22% to 60% at 10 μM gallic acid equivalents (GAE) of total phenols and from 62% to 91% at 20 μM GAE. The antioxidant activities were thus comparable to those previously found for wines. The relative LDL antioxidant activity correlated with the concentration of total phenols (r = 0.89, p < 0.01), with the level of anthocyanins (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) and flavonols (r = 0.54, p < 0.05) in the grape extracts as analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When seed crushing and longer extraction times were employed, high amounts of flavan-3-ols and hydroxybenzoates were extracted. With these extracts relative LDL antioxidant activity correlated highly with the levels of flavan-3-ols (r = 0.86, p < 0.01), total phenols (r = 0.79, p < 0.05), and hydroxybenzoates (r = 0.77, p < 0.05). Keywords: LDL oxidation; flavonoids; hydroxycinnamates; anthocyanins; flavan-3-ols; flavonols; HPLC
Potent antitumor effect of TRAIL mediated by a novel adeno‐associated viral vector targeting to telomerase activity for human hepatocellular carcinoma (2008)

AAVs in combination with hTERT-mediated therapeutic gene expression provide a promising targeting approach for developing effective therapy for human cancers. These data suggest that AAV-hTERT-TRAIL is a potent therapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
Robust model predictive control of stable linear systems (1997)

A new robust model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is presented for stable, constrained, linear plants that is a direct generalization of the nominally stabilizing regulator presented by Rawlings and Muske. Model uncertainty is parametrized by a list of possible plants. Robust stability is achieved through the addition of constraints that prevent the sequence of optimal controller costs from increasing for the true plant. Asymptotic stability is demonstrated through a Lyapunov argument. Simulation experiments demonstrate the performance of the algorithm for two example processes.
Sensitivity and Power Deposition in a High-Field Imaging Experiment (2000)

Image signal-to-noise ratio and power dissipation are investigated theoretically up to 400 MHz. While the text is mathematical, the figures give insights into predictions. Hertz potential is introduced for probe modeling where charge separation cannot be ignored. Using a spherical geometry, the potential from current loops that would produce a homogeneous static B1 field is calculated; at high frequency it is shown to create an unnecessarily inhomogeneous field. However, a totally homogeneous field is shown to be unattainable. Boundary conditions are solved for circularly polarized fields, and strategies for limited shimming of the sample B1 field are then presented. A distinction is drawn between dielectric resonance and spatial field focusing. At high frequency, the region of maximum specific absorption is shown to move inside the sample and decrease. From the fields in both rotating frames, the signal-to-noise ratio is derived and compared with the traditional, low-frequency formulation. On average, it is mostly found to be slightly larger at high frequency. Nevertheless, the free induction decay is sometimes found to be annulled.
Transient co‐expression for fast and high‐yield production of antibodies with human‐like <i>N</i>‐glycans in plants (2009)

Plant-based transient expression is potentially the most rapid and cost-efficient system for the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins, but safety concerns associated with plant-specific N-glycosylation have hampered its adoption as a commercial production system. In this article, we describe an approach based on the simultaneous transient co-expression of an antibody, a suppressor of silencing and a chimaeric human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted for optimal activity to the early secretory pathway in agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. This strategy allows fast and high-yield production of antibodies with human-like N-glycans and, more generally, provides solutions to many critical problems posed by the large-scale production of therapeutic and vaccinal proteins, specifically yield, volume and quality.
High performance hardware architectures for Intra Block Copy and Palette Coding for HEVC screen content coding extension (2017)

Screen content coding (SCC) extension to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) offers substantial compression efficiency over the existing HEVC standard for computer generated content. However, this gain in compression efficiency is achieved at the expense of further computational complexity with several resource hungry coding tools. Hence, extension of SCC to HEVC hardware encoders can be challenging. This paper presents resource efficient hardware designs for two key SCC tools, Intra Block Copy and Palette Coding. Moreover, a new hash search approach is proposed for Intra Block Copy, while a hardware friendly palette indices coding scheme is suggested for Palette Coding. These designs are targeted to achieve the throughput necessary for an 1080p 30 frames/s encoder, and incurs coding loss of 11.4% and 5.1% respectively in all intra configurations. The designs are synthesized for a Virtex-7 VC707 evaluation platform.
Characterization of tumor angiogenesis with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI and biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents in mice (2008)

The efficacy of polydisulfide-based biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents for characterizing tumor angiogenesis was investigated in a mouse model using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents, gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) cystamine copolymers (GDCC), and Gd-DTPA cystine copolymers (GDCP), with molecular weights of 20 and 70 kDa were used in the study. Gadodiamide (Gd [DTPA-BMA]) and albumin labeled with Gd-DTPA [albumin-(Gd-DTPA)] were used as the controls. The DCE-MRI studies were performed in nude mice bearing prostate tumor xenografts from the MDA-PCa-2b cell line. Tumor angiogenic kinetic parameters, including endothelial transfer coefficient (K(PS)), fractional tumor plasma volume (f(PV)), and permeability surface area product (PS), were estimated from the DCE-MRI data using a two-compartment model. The K(PS) and f(PV) values estimated by the biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents were between those estimated by Gd(DTPA-BMA) and albumin-(Gd-DTPA). The parameters estimated by the agent with a slow degradation rate and high molecular weight, GDCP-70 (K(PS) = 2.09 +/- 0.50 ml/min/100 cc and f(PV) = 0.075 +/- 0.021), were closer to those by albumin-(Gd-DTPA) (K(PS) = 1.43 +/- 0.64 ml/min/100 cc and f(PV) = 0.044 +/- 0.007) than by other agents with relatively low molecular weight or rapid degradation rate. The polydisulfide-based biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents are promising for characterizing tumor vascularity and angiogenesis with DCE-MRI.
The mechanical efficiency of treadmill running against a horizontal impeding force (1972)

1. A method for determining the apparent mechanical efficiency of running against a horizontal impeding force is described. The results of studies on three well trained athletes have been summarized. 2. A linear relation was found between metabolic rate and external work rate. The apparent mechanical efficiency was calculated as the inverse of the slope of the linear regression line of metabolic rate on external work rate × 10 2 (percentage). 3. The over‐all mean for apparent load‐running efficiency (LRE) was 36·1%. The differences in LRE between subjects were not statistically significant. No measurable change in LRE occurred with habituation. 4. Values are given for E k , the net energy cost of unloaded horizontal treadmill running per kilogram of bodyweight and per kilometre of distance covered. The over‐all mean for E k was 0·83 kcal. kg −1 . km −1 . 5. The efficiency values obtained are discussed and compared with other values of running efficiency obtained by different methods, and with studies on isolated muscle.
Fluorescence-enhancing plasmonic silver nanostructures using azopolymer lithography (2016)

We present a large-area photolithographic method using azobenzene functionalized polymers for creating periodic plasmonic silver nanostructures to enhance molecular fluorescence.
Determinants of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis After Balloon Angioplasty Injury (1999)

We have observed that acute medial cell loss is an initial event in the response to vascular injury induced by balloon-catheter distention of the rabbit carotid artery. Numerous apoptotic medial cells were observed as early as 30 minutes after balloon inflation, and a 70% loss of cellularity was evident by 90 minutes. Balloon injury was associated with oxidative stress as reflected by a fall in glutathione levels by 63% within 30 minutes after injury. We hypothesized that balloon injury activated a redox-sensitive signaling pathway coupled to the regulation of apoptosis. Indeed, the activity of the proapoptotic signal mediator, stress-activated protein kinase, was increased severalfold within 10 minutes after injury. Moreover, modifying the vascular redox state by the administration of 1 of 2 structurally dissimilar antioxidants, N-acetyl cysteine or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, markedly attenuated both stress-activated protein kinase activation and the induction of apoptosis at 30 minutes. We hypothesized further that the induction of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis is modulated by phenotype. In contrast to medial cells, we observed that neointimal cells were relatively resistant to apoptotic death induced by angioplasty injury. This resistance to balloon injury-induced death was associated with an upregulation of the antiapoptotic mediator bcl-xL. This study suggests that acute apoptotic cell death after vascular injury is a highly regulated process governed by cellular redox state and the relative expression of antiapoptotic genes. Angioplasty-induced vascular cell apoptosis may be an important determinant of vascular remodeling and restenosis.
Measurement of the entrainment window of islets of Langerhans by microfluidic delivery of a chirped glucose waveform (2015)

Within single islets of Langerhans, the endocrine portion of the pancreas, intracellular metabolites, as well as insulin secretion, oscillate with a period of ∼5 min. In vivo, pulsatile insulin oscillations are also observed with periods ranging from 5-15 minutes. In order for oscillations of insulin to be observed in vivo, the majority of islets in the pancreas must synchronize their output. It is known that populations of islets can be synchronized via entrainment of the individual islets to low amplitude glucose oscillations that have periods close to islets' natural period. However, the range of glucose periods and amplitudes that can entrain islets has not been rigorously examined. To find the range of glucose periods that can entrain islets, a microfluidic system was utilized to produce and deliver a chirped glucose waveform to populations of islets while their individual intracellular [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)]i) oscillations were imaged. Waveforms with amplitudes of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM above a median value of 11 mM were applied while the period was swept from 20-2 min. Oscillations of [Ca(2+)]i resonated the strongest when the period of the glucose wave was within 2 min of the natural period of the islets, typically close to 5 min. Some examples of 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 entrainment were observed during exposure to long and short glucose periods, respectively. These results shed light on the dynamic nature of islet behavior and may help to understand dynamics observed in vivo.
Analysis of Human Proteome Organization Plasma Proteome Project (HUPO PPP) reference specimens using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (SELDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry: Multi‐institution correlation of spectra and identification of biomarkers (2005)

We report on a multicenter analysis of HUPO reference specimens using SELDI-TOF MS. Eight sites submitted data obtained from serum and plasma reference specimen analysis. Spectra from five sites passed preliminary quality assurance tests and were subjected to further analysis. Intralaboratory CVs varied from 15 to 43%. A correlation coefficient matrix generated using data from these five sites demonstrated high level of correlation, with values >0.7 on 37 of 42 spectra. More than 50 peaks were differentially present among the various sample types, as observed on three chip surfaces. Additionally, peaks at approximately 9200 and approximately 15,950 m/z were present only in select reference specimens. Chromatographic fractionation using anion-exchange, membrane cutoff, and reverse phase chromatography, was employed for protein purification of the approximately 9200 m/z peak. It was identified as the haptoglobin alpha subunit after peptide mass fingerprinting and high-resolution MS/MS analysis. The differential expression of this protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis. These pilot studies demonstrate the potential of the SELDI platform for reproducible and consistent analysis of serum/plasma across multiple sites and also for targeted biomarker discovery and protein identification. This approach could be exploited for population-based studies in all phases of the HUPO PPP.
Studies of the chemistry of tri(tert-butoxy)silyl isocyanide. Ab initio calculations of silyl cyanide/isocyanide energies (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of the chemistry of tri(tert-butoxy)silyl isocyanide. Ab initio calculations of silyl cyanide/isocyanide energiesWalter R. Hertler, David A. Dixon, Ellen W. Matthews, Fredric Davidson, and Fulton G. KitsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 21, 6532–6533Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00255a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00255a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using simulation techniques to prove timing properties (1995)

This thesis presents a methodology based on simulations and invariants for proving timing properties of real-time, distributed systems. This methodology is used to prove tight time bounds for two systems, a leader election protocol for a ring of processes, and Fischer&apos;s timing-based mutual exclusion algorithm. A framework for verifying these proofs using the Larch tools is also developed, and the proof for Fischer&apos;s algorithm is checked within this framework. Many formal methods have been developed for proving the correctness of untimed distributed systems. However, real-time systems often have subtle timing dependencies that are difficult to analyze and reason about. Furthermore, for many real-time systems, correctness is insufficient; it is important to satisfy certain performance requirements. It is necessary, therefore, to extend the formal models and techniques to the timed setting. We use a timed automaton model, together with simulations which establish that one automaton impl...
Specific cleavage of ribosomal RNA and mRNA during victorin‐induced apoptotic cell death in oat (2006)

Here we report that rRNA and mRNA are specifically degraded in oat (Avena sativa L.) cells during apoptotic cell death induced by victorin, a host-selective toxin produced by Cochliobolus victoriae. Northern analysis indicated that rRNA species from the cytosol, mitochondria and chloroplasts were all degraded via specific degradation intermediates during victorin-induced apoptotic cell death but, in contrast, they were randomly digested in necrotic cell death induced by 30 mM CuSO(4) and heat shock. This indicates that specific rRNA cleavage could be controlled by an intrinsic program. We also observed specific cleavage of mRNA of housekeeping genes such as actin and ubiquitin during victorin-induced cell death. Interestingly, no victorin-induced mRNA degradation was detected with stress-responding genes such as PR-1, PR-10 and GPx throughout the experimental period. The RNA degradation mostly, but not always, occurred in parallel with DNA laddering, but pharmacological studies indicated that these processes are regulated by different signaling pathways with some overlapping upstream signals.
Biocompatibility of titanium implants modified by microarc oxidation and hydroxyapatite coating (2005)

A thin hydroxyapatite (HA) layer was coated on a microarc oxidized titanium (MAO-Ti) substrate by means of the sol-gel method. The microarc oxidation (anodizing) enhanced the biocompatibility of the Ti, and the bioactivity was improved further by the sol-gel HA coating on the anodized Ti. The HA sol was aged fully to obtain a stable and phase-pure HA, and the sol concentration was varied to alter the coating thickness. Through the sol-gel HA coating, the Ca and P concentrations in the coating layer increased significantly. However, the porous morphology and roughness of the MAO-Ti was altered very little by the sol-gel treatment. The proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the osteoblast-like cells on the MAO/HA sol-gel-treated Ti were significantly higher than those on the MAO-Ti without the HA sol-gel treatment.