gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reproductive Capacity and Seed Size in Lupinus texensis (1980)

The average number of ovules produced per individual of Lupinus texensis is much greater than the average number of seeds per plant. Each plant produces approximately 2,000 ovules but only 2.5% develop into seeds. One fourth of the seeds is lost due to abortion and 0.3% is lost due to predation on the plant. Mature seeds from this population exhibit a five-fold range in weight, from 10 to 56 mg. The distribution of seed weights in the field population is skewed and leptokurtic. Seed wt is positively correlated with both seed germination and seedling survivorship. Heritability of seed wt is 0.09. There is no correlation between average seed wt per plant and total number of seeds per plant, seeds per pod, or legumes per plant.
The oxidation of drugs by liver microsomes: on the role of TPNH and oxygen. (1957)

Liver microsomes contain an enzyme system, TPNH oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of TPNH by oxygen to yield TPN and hydrogen peroxide. This enzyme system has been implicated in the oxidative dealkylation of foreign alkylamines such as monomethyl-4-aminoantipyrine by liver microsomes and probably is involved in the other types of microsomal drug enzyme systems requiring TPNH and oxygen. Some possible mechanisms by which TPNH oxidase may participate in these drug enzyme systems are discussed.
Metallurgical Furnaces (2003)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Rotary Kilns 1.1. Design 1.1.1. General 1.1.2. Structural Elements 1.2. Process Engineering 1.3. Applications 1.3.1. Roasting and Calcining 1.3.2. Calcination of Limestone, Dolomite, and Magnesite 1.3.3. Production of Cement Clinker 1.3.4. Iron Ore Reduction 1.3.5. Volatilization Processes 1.3.6. Other Applications 2. Multiple‐Hearth Furnaces 2.1. Description 2.2. Applications 2.2.1. Roasting of Sulfide Ores 2.2.2. Use for Endothermic Reactions 2.2.3. Clarifier Sludge Treatment 3. Shaft Furnaces 4. Smelting, Melting, and Refining in Bath and Flash Smelting Reactors 4.1. Bath Smelting Furnaces 4.2. Flash Smelting Furnaces 4.3. Bath Melting and Refining 4.4. Converters 5. Electrothermal Reactors 5.1. Introduction 5.1.1. History 5.1.2. Electrothermal Furnaces 5.1.3. Energy Consumption and Production Capacities 5.1.4. Economic Aspects 5.2. Resistance Furnaces 5.2.1. Basic Principles 5.2.2. Reduction Resistance Furnaces 5.2.2.1. Furnace Construction and Operating Parameters 5.2.2.2. Metallurgical Significance 5.2.3. Refining Resistance Furnaces 5.2.4. Solid‐State Resistance Furnaces 5.3. Arc Furnaces 5.3.1. Basic Principles 5.3.2. Electric Arc Furnaces 5.3.3. Vacuum Arc Refining (VAR) Furnaces 5.4. Induction Furnaces 5.4.1. Basic Principles 5.4.2. Furnace Construction 5.4.2.1. Crucible Induction Furnace 5.4.2.2. Channel Induction Furnace 5.4.2.3. Special Induction Furnaces 5.5. Plasma Furnaces 5.6. Electron‐Beam Furnaces 5.7. Fused‐Salt Electrolysis Cells 5.8. Modeling
Stereospecific epoxidation by air of cholest-5-ene derivatives catalysed by a ruthenium porphyrin (1988)

A ruthenium porphyrin catalyses the epoxidation of several cholest-5-ene derivatives by air in high yield and with nearly complete β-stereospecificity; C-3-unprotected cholesterol is unaffected, but cholesteryl acetate gives nearly pure (>99%) 5β,6β-epoxide.
A computer procedure for generating visible-line drawings of solids bounded by quadric surfaces (1971)

Abstract : A computer procedure for generating line drawings of solid objects bounded by quadric surfaces is described. It embodies an efficient solution to the 'hidden-line' problem, that is, the problem of determining which parts of an opaque object are invisible when the object is viewed from a given vantage point. A view of a quadric object is represented by the orthographic projection of surface boundaries visible from the given vantage point. The procedure is implemented in a FORTRAN program and can be extended to do perspective drawing and shading; it may be used as the basis of a system for interactive computer-aided design of solids on a CRT display console. (Author)
High-speed signal averaging system for periodic signals (1992)

A high-speed emitter coupled logic system for fast averaging is described. This system may be used to extract signals from broadband background noise, while preserving harmonic content. Each captured waveform may consist of up to 1024 sample points, and up to 16 kilowaveforms may be accumulated in one cycle. A 20 kilowaveform per second averaging rate is achieved on signals in a 20-kHz to 10-MHz band. The system is used to process the intermediate frequency output of an electro-optic sampling probe in order to recover 14.4-GHz, nonsinusoidal, periodic waveforms from a GaAs integrated circuit.
Synthesis of 3-Ureido Derivatives of Coumarin and 2-Quinolone as Potent Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitors. (1995)

Novel 3-ureido derivatives of 4-phenylcoumarin and 4-phenyl-2-quinolone were synthesized and evaluated for acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)-inhibitory activity. These derivatives inhibited rat intestinal ACAT with IC50 values at the 10(-8) to 10(-9) M level and were found to normalize plasma cholesterol levels in cholesterol-fed rats when administered as dietary admixtures.
MONITORING HIGH-FREQUENCY OCEAN SIGNALS USING LOW-COST GNSS/IMU BUOYS (2016)

In oceans there are different ocean signals covering the multi-frequencies including tsunami, meteotsunami, storm surge, as sea level change, and currents. These signals have the direct and significant impact on the economy and life of human-beings. Therefore, measuring ocean signals accurately becomes more and more important and necessary. Nowadays, there are many techniques and methods commonly used for monitoring oceans, but each has its limitation. For example, tide gauges only measure sea level relative to benchmarks and are disturbed unevenly, and satellite altimeter measurements are not continuous and inaccurate near coastal oceans. In addition, high-frequency ocean signals such as tsunami and meteotsunami cannot be sufficiently detected by 6-minutes tide gauge measurements or 10-day sampled altimetry data. Moreover, traditional accelerometer buoy is heavy, expensive and the low-frequency noise caused by the instrument is unavoidable. In this study, a small, low-cost and self-assembly autonomous Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) that independently collects continuous acceleration and angular velocity data is mounted on a GNSS buoy to provide the positions and tilts of the moving buoy. The main idea is to integrate the Differential GNSS (DGNSS) or Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions with IMU data, and then evaluate the performance by comparing with in situ tide gauges. The validation experiments conducted in the NCKU Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory showed that GNSS and IMU both can detect the simulated regular wave frequency and height, and the field experiments in the Anping Harbor, Tainan, Taiwan showed that the low-cost GNSS buoy has an excellent ability to observe significant wave heights in amplitude and frequency.
Disconnect Switch Induced Transients and Trapped Charge in Gas-Insulated Substations (1982)

Field tests have been carried out which permitted direct measurement of disconnect switch operation induced transients in an operating 500 kV substation. These measurements indicate that transients do not exceed 2 pu at the point of measurement and that the trapped charge left on the load side is less than 0.3 pu. Further study of the way in which disconnect switches operate indicates that the trapped charge left during disconnect switch opening depends on the detailed design of the switch.
Modulation of thrombin‐induced platelet aggregation by inhibition of calpain by a synthetic peptide derived from the thiol‐protease inhibitory sequence of kininogens and <i>S</i>‐(3‐nitro‐2‐pyridinesulfenyl)‐cysteine (1993)

Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation has been suggested to play an important role in reocclusion following thrombolytic therapy of angioplasty for treatment of myocardial infarction. We previously demonstrated that aggregation of washed platelets by thrombin is accompanied by cleavage of aggregin, a putative ADP receptor, and that these events are indirectly mediated by calpain, expressed on the surface of the external membrane. High-molecular-mass kininogen (HK) contains, in its heavy chain, domain 2, which is responsible for its action as a potent inhibitor of platelet calpain. Domain 3 of the heavy chain of HK directly inhibits binding of thrombin to platelets, confounding mechanistic studies using the entire molecule. Moreover, HK, a protease of 120 kDa, is unsuitable as a potential pharmacological agent. The highly conserved sequence Gln-Val-Val-Ala-Gly, present in HK and its evolutionary precursors, the cystatins, is thought to be involved in the binding of cysteine proteases but is, itself, not inhibitory. An affinity analog, Phe-Gln-Val-Val-Cys(Npys)-Gly-NH2(Npys, 3-nitro-2-sulfenylpyridine), P1, corresponding to the thiol-protease-binding sequence in HK and containing a ligand, Npys, that can react with the free sulfhydryl group in the active site of calpain, was synthesized. P1 was an irreversible inhibitor of platelet calpain. P1 selectively inhibited thrombin-induced aggregation of washed platelets and platelets in plasma, but did not inhibit the aggregatory effects of other platelet agonists. P1 did not inhibit the amidolytic activity and coagulant activity of thrombin. Unlike HK, P1 did not inhibit binding of thrombin to washed platelets. P1 did not inhibit thrombin-induced platelet-shape change. P1 neither raised intracellular levels of cAMP nor did it interfere with the ability of thrombin to antagonize the rise in intracellular levels of cAMP induced by iloprost, an analog of prostaglandin I2. The design and synthesis of P1 could leave to the development of a new class of inhibitors that selectively block thrombin-induced platelet aggregation while sparing other functions of this pathophysiological protease and without inhibiting the action of other platelet agonists.
An Equivalence of Fully Connected Layer and Convolutional Layer (2017)

This article demonstrates that convolutional operation can be converted to matrix multiplication, which has the same calculation way with fully connected layer. The article is helpful for the beginners of the neural network to understand how fully connected layer and the convolutional layer work in the backend. To be concise and to make the article more readable, we only consider the linear case. It can be extended to the non-linear case easily through plugging in a non-linear encapsulation to the values like this $σ(x)$ denoted as $x^{\prime}$.
New Developments in Carcino-Chemotherapy (1961)

I7he clinical treatment of all forms of cancer, including leukaemias and reticuloses, rests increasingly on combined operations of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (Table I).
SWIR laser gated-viewing at Fraunhofer IOSB (2015)

This paper reviews the work that has been done at Fraunhofer IOSB (and its predecessor institutes) in the past ten years in the area of laser gated-viewing (GV) in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) band. Experimental system demonstrators in various configurations have been built up in order to show the potential for different applications and to investigate specific topics. The wavelength of the pulsed illumination laser is around 1.57 μm and lies in the invisible, retina-safe region allowing much higher pulse energies than for wavelengths in the visible or near-infrared band concerning eye safety. All systems built up, consist of gated Intevac LIVAR® cameras based on EBCCD/EBCMOS detectors sensitive in the SWIR band. This review comprises military and civilian applications in maritime and land domain – in particular vision enhancement in bad visibility, long-range applications, silhouette imaging, 3-D imaging by sliding gates and slope method, bi-static GV imaging and looking through windows. In addition, theoretical studies that were conducted – for example estimating 3-D accuracy or modelling range performance – are presented. Finally, an outlook for future work in the area of SWIR laser GV at Fraunhofer IOSB is given.
Reaction of trace mercury in natural gas with dilute polysulfide solutions in a packed column (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of trace mercury in natural gas with dilute polysulfide solutions in a packed columnTsoung Y. YanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 12, 2592–2595Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00060a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (545 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Enhancing the efficiency of transgene expression (1993)

Two strategies for enhancing gene expression in transgenic animals are described with particular reference to targeting expression to the mammary gland. Gene constructs in which the protein-encoding DNA sequences are contained within a genomic segment (comprising most or all of the natural introns of the corresponding gene) are shown to be expressed more efficiently than their intronless counterparts. Secondly, co-integrating an otherwise poorly expressed transgene in the vicinity of an actively expressed transgene can dramatically improve its efficiency of expression.
Effect of Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones on Blood Lipids in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2005)

These results do not support the hypothesis that water-washed soy protein has an effect on blood lipids. Several hypotheses are discussed, highlighting the selective nature of the effect of soy consumption in the population. The cholesterol-lowering effect during the run-in period may be explained by the "regression to the mean effect" and by other factors related to study participation, mainly nutrient displacement induced by the protein supplement.
Clustering objectives in wireless sensor networks: A survey and research direction analysis (2020)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) typically include thousands of resource-constrained sensors to monitor their surroundings, collect data, and transfer it to remote servers for further processing. Although WSNs are considered highly flexible ad-hoc networks, network management has been a fundamental challenge in these types of networks given the deployment size and the associated quality concerns such as resource management, scalability, and reliability. Topology management is considered a viable technique to address these concerns. Clustering is the most well-known topology management method in WSNs, grouping nodes to manage them and/or executing various tasks in a distributed manner, such as resource management. Although clustering techniques are mainly known to improve energy consumption, there are various quality-driven objectives that can be realized through clustering. In this paper, we review comprehensively existing WSN clustering techniques, their objectives and the network properties supported by those techniques. After refining more than 500 clustering techniques, we extract about 215 of them as the most important ones, which we further review, catergorize and classify based on clustering objectives and also the network properties such as mobility and heterogeneity. In addition, statistics are provided based on the chosen metrics, providing highly useful insights into the design of clustering techniques in WSNs.
Parametric identification of two-port models in the frequency domain (1992)

The authors treat the problem of parametric estimation of linear time-invariant dynamic two-port models (e.g. the short-circuit admittance matrix) from experimental data. A multivariate frequency-domain Gaussian maximum likelihood estimator is proposed to estimate the unknown coefficients occurring in the rational two-port model. It takes the perturbing noise of all the measured voltages and currents into account. The covariance matrix of the noise is assumed to be known, e.g. from measurements. The estimates and their covariance matrix are obtained as the result of an optimization procedure. The value of the minimized loss function and the covariance matrix of the estimates can be used to determine the model structure. The ability of the estimator to handle real measurement problems is demonstrated by means of experimental results. Using the estimated two-part parameters of an unloaded band-pass filter, it was possible to predict the transfer function of the loaded filter within an error of +or-0.01 dB on the magnitude and +or-0.1 degrees on the phase.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Crystallizer for Growing Large Singe Crystals from Solution under Steady‐State Concentration Convection Conditions (1974)

Abstract A crystallizer for growing large single crystals from solution under steady‐state concentration convection conditions is described. The crystallizer has only one vessel divided by a drilled plate in two compartments kept at different temperatures. The convection of concentration occurs through the dividing plate between the compartments. The crystallizer was used for growing KDP and TGS single crystals. Mass‐ and heat transfer equations are derived. Growth rate calculations may be carried out using the derived equations. Growth rate measurements of KDP crystals have been performed. The overall heat transfer coefficient for the transfer of heat through the dividing plate is also experimentally determined. Light absorption, ESR and Mössbauer spectra have shown the presence of Fe +2 , Cr +3 and Mn +2 ions in the (100) greenish zones of KDP crystals.
Analytical Techniques (1973)

The major part of the activity of an electronic engineer is to conceive a method whereby a particular objective can be attained. Such objectives are wide ranging, say from an inexpensive reproducer of recorded sound to the control of a sophisticated manufacturing plant. In essence, given a knowledge of available components, transistors, amplifiers, resistors, the engineer has to devise the system. We are concerned in this text with the study of methods of using amplifiers from which linear electronic systems are constructed. Of particular interest are the linear micro-electronic circuits which by virtue of their cheapness allow the engineer to create systems of high sophistication. System design is always an iterative process as parts or the whole are modified to realise points in the specification. As each iteration occurs, the proving of the system is done by mathematical analysis, by computer analysis or by prototype testing. This first chapter will concentrate on reviewing the techniques of linear circuit theory useful in the analysis of active systems.
Image based contactless blood pressure assessment using Pulse Transit Time (2017)

Recent years have seen increased attention being given to Blood Pressure (BP) monitoring. Among all kinds of measurements, the monitors based on Pulse Transit Time (PTT) have gain plenty of attention due to its continuous and cuffless features. Additionally, several studies proposed a fancy way to estimate photoplethysmography (PPG) signal simply via a regular webcam. Nevertheless, literatures on issues of integrating these two advanced techniques have emerged on a slowly and scattered way. Furthermore, accuracy of BP prediction model based on PTT is often limited due to the lack of data. To address the above-mentioned problems, we proposed an image based BP measurement algorithm using k-nearest neighbor and transfer learning results from MIMICII database to real task. The study also introduces newly defined PTT features which are especially suitable for image based PPG and domain adaptation. Compared with the state-of-the-art algorithm, root mean square error of SBP evaluation has been reduced from 15.08 to 14.02.
Protein and Amino Acid Requirements of the Elderly (1989)

This paper has reviewed changes in body composition and protein metabolism that are associated with aging. Body protein mass decreases. Rates of both muscle and whole-body protein turnover/kg body weight decrease, and the percentage of turnover contributed by muscle to whole-body turnover decreases with age. Total plasma proteins, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and ceruloplasmin levels decline with age, and, in the case of albumin levels, the decline continues when young-old are compared with old-old. Protein requirement of the elderly appears to have been underestimated by the factorial method. Nitrogen balance studies indicate a minimum of 0.7 g protein/kg/day in one study. Several studies show 0.8 g, whereas other studies show negative nitrogen balance at this level. The recommended protein intake is 1 g protein/kg/day, and 12-14% of total calories should be provided by protein. The few nitrogen balance studies that attempted to determine essential amino acid requirements are limited and contradictory.
Costimulation through NKG2D Enhances Murine CD8+ CTL Function: Similarities and Differences between NKG2D and CD28 Costimulation (2005)

Multiple studies have demonstrated that the NK cell activating receptor NKG2D can function as a costimulatory receptor for both mouse and human CD8+ T cells. However, it has recently been suggested that stimulation through NKG2D is insufficient for costimulation of CD8+ T cells. To aid in the delineation of NKG2D function in CTL responses, we investigated whether stimulation of NKG2D by the natural ligand RAE1epsilon was able to costimulate effector functions of a murine CTL line generated from DUC18 TCR transgenic mice. We found that NKG2D was able to costimulate DUC CTL responses and did so in a manner similar to CD28 costimulation. The T cells exhibited increased proliferation, IFN-gamma release, and cytotoxicity when presented antigenic peptide by P815 cells expressing RAE1epsilon or B7-1 compared with untransfected P815. In addition, both RAE1epsilon and B7-1 enhanced Ag-independent IFN-gamma secretion in response to IL-12 and IL-18 by DUC CTL. However, only costimulation through CD28 allowed for DUC CTL survival upon secondary stimulation, whereas ligation of NKG2D, but not CD28, induced DUC CTL to form an immune synapse with target cells in the absence of TCR stimulation. Understanding the outcomes of these differences may allow for a better understanding of T cell costimulation in general.
Design of MIMO antennas with strong isolation for portable applications (2009)

Single negative metamaterial designed in MIMO antenna is suitable for portable applications. Metamaterials reduce the coupling at a separation distance of 0.18-wavelength for the MIMO system. Multi-layer metamaterials with different spiral length can improve the isolation bandwidth. In our design, it can cover whole WiMAX bands. And Omega-shape arrangement is also proposed; the isolation has 6dB improvement at 2.6GHz. This paper successfully shows that metamaterials can be used in MIMO antennas system to reduce correlation and size. And it is suitable for portable applications.