gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation by Propranolol Occurs Through Apoptosis Induction (2008)

The rate of apoptosis in PC-2 cells was higher after treatment with butoxamine than propranolol, suggesting that propranolol induces apoptosis in PC-2 cells via the beta2-adrenoceptors principally. Our data could be useful for developing beta-adrenoceptor antagonists for inducing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.
Isolation of High and Low Molecular Weight Components from Chicken Sera That Have Rous Sarcoma Virus Neutralizing Activity (1982)

Blood sera components from Arkansas regressor line (R-line) and progressor line (Pr-line) chickens are compared for the first time for Rous sarcoma virus neutralizing activity. Sera was fractionated by Sephadex G-100 filtration into a high molecular weight fraction I (HMW-I) and a low molecular weight fraction II (LMW-II) component (HMW-I greater than 14,000 daltons, LMW-II less than 5,000 daltons). Both fractions from each line of chickens exhibit activity against Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) judged by a wing web assay. Both HMW-I (principally antibodies) and LMW-II neutralized RSV when obtained from hyperimmune R-chickens and Pr-chickens with large progressing tumors. However, HMW-I and LMW-II obtained from R- or Pr-chickens before challenge contain so RSV neutralizing activity. The novel low molecular weight fraction II disappeared from the sera of R-line chickens 2 weeks after tumor regression, whereas the HMW-I persisted after tumor regression.
Modeling and Simulation of Borstar Bimodal Polyethylene Process Based on a Rigorous PC-SAFT Equation of State Model (2014)

This work aims to develop a rigorous model for industrial successive supercritical slurry-phase and gas-phase catalytic polymerization reactors of the Borstar bimodal polyethylene process. The model consists of thermodynamic modeling, multisite Ziegler–Natta polymerization kinetics, and reactor modeling. The perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory equation of state (PC-SAFT EOS) with updated parameters allows an accurate description of the phase equilibria of the supercritical slurry-phase and gas-phase system in a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The model predictions of the process variables (i.e., residence time, molar ratio of H2/C2H4 and H2/1-C4H8 of each reactor) and polymer properties (i.e., molecular weight, comonomer content, molecular weight distribution (MWD)) agree well with the industrial plant data under multi-steady-state operation conditions. The model is also capable of simulating the effects on the MWD of bimodal polyethylene resulting from the hydrogen inflow rate in a supercritical slurry-phase loop reactor (SLR) and a gas-phase fluidized bed reactor (FBR), as well as the supercritical solvent propane inflow rate of the SLR.
TEAM: Trust Enhanced Security Architecture for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (2007)

Security is paramount in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) as they are not conducive to centralized trusted authorities. Several solutions have been proposed for MANET in the areas of key management, secure routing, nodal cooperation, and trust management. Nevertheless, MANET lacks a unified architecture to take advantage of the deployed security models. In this paper, we propose trust enhanced security architecture for MANET (TEAM), in which a trust model is overlaid on the following security models - key management mechanism, secure routing protocol, and cooperation model. We briefly present the operation of our architecture and then we detail the system operation of our novel trust and cooperation model, which we call as secure MANET routing with trust intrigue (SMRTI) and fellowship respectively. SMRTI captures the evidence of trustworthiness for other nodes from the security models, and in return assists them to make better security decisions. Unlike related trust models, SMRTI captures recommendations in such a way that it eliminates both free-riding and honest-elicitation problems. In comparison with related cooperation models, fellowship model defends against both flooding and packet drop attacks. It can efficiently identify and isolate both malicious and selfish nodes that fail to share the communication channel or forward packets for other nodes. Furthermore, our models do not rely on any centralized authority or tamper-proof hardware. Simulation results confirm that our models enhance the performance of TEAM.
A Colorimetric Dosimeter for Qualitative Measurement of Penetrating Radiations (1951)

Shortly after the discovery of natural radioactivity by the Curies and Beequerel and of x-rays by Roentgen (1), during the latter part of the nineteenth century, the problem of radiation measurement arose. The first dosimeters depended upon the fluorescence of the platinocyanide of barium in the presence of roentgen or gamma radiation (2). This material was known to change from its normal green color to orange and then to various shades of brown following irradiation. Barium platinocyanide was the primary chemical ingredient of pastilles, developed by several investigators. The main disadvantage of these pastilles is that the color quickly reverts to the original green during exposure to light (2). Also, the color standards in the comparator charts gradually fade and contribute to inaccurate measurements. Freund (3), in 1904, utilized the effect of roentgen radiation on various iodine compounds. A mixture of iodoform and chloroform was found to be sensitive to irradiation (and was used in dosimetry), but the reaction was also produced by heat, light, and oxygen and was not proportional to dosage. According to Günther et al. (4), in 1928, chloroform irradiated with x-rays liberates hydrochloric acid in amounts proportional to the radiation energy transmitted. Acid formation was shown to be increased in water solutions, in which approximately 50 per cent of the acid consisted of hypochlorous acid. It was also found that irradiation of chloroform solutions by the gamma rays of radium resulted in acid evolution. During the past twenty years, numerous studies cited by Clark (5) have shown that chemical changes are induced in various other substances on exposure to penetrating radiation, such as the oxidation of ferrous to ferric iron compounds, denaturization of proteins, reduction of potassium permanganate and of eerie to cerous ions, decolorization of methylene blue, liberation of free iodine from iodine compounds, and inactivation of certain enzymes in dilute aqueous solutions (6-8). Numerous other reactions are listed by Lea (9) in his text. Recently it has been shown that ethyl iodide liberates free iodine in direct proportion to the roentgen or beta ray energy input (10). Also, solutions of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride are reduced to their red, waterinsoluble formazan by x-rays and by ultraviolet and gamma radiation (11). Classification of Atomic Radiation Casualties With the development of nuclear energy and its applications to warfare and possibly to industry as a source of power (12), it has become important to develop a simple, inexpensive radiation-measuring device which will register immediately the amount of penetrating radiation received by individuals or reaching certain fixed areas within a community (13–15). Such a device should be able to indicate penetrating radiation (gamma) exposure in three ranges: 200 r or less, 200 to 400 r, and 400 to 600 r.
Phenotypic variability in patients with retinal dystrophies due to mutations in CRB1 (2010)

Mutations in CRB1 are associated with a range of recessively inherited retinal dystrophies, including LCA, childhood- and juvenile-onset rod-cone and cone-rod dystrophies. Although the phenotype is usually severe, in milder cases there is a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention in early childhood.
The design of a model test track (1966)

A knowledge of the nature of traffic loading leads to doubts about the validity of tests made on pavement materials and structures using extreme simplifications of the loading. A test track has therefore been designed in which the load applied through a wheel assembly to a pavement structure is capable of variation in magnitude, speed and position of motion, and timing in a sufficiently general manner to represent real traffic loading to a linear scale of about 1:4. Models of road pavements can be built in this machine, on a table accessible from beneath for instrumentation, and subjected to realistic loading sequences with much less expense and delay than in full scale tracks. This paper describes the principles of design of the model test track under construction at the school of civil engineering, University of Sydney (A).
Antigenic and Allergenic Characterization of the Enzymes Alcalase and Savinase by Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis and Crossed Radioimmunoelectrophoresis (1990)

Alcalase and savinase, produced by Bacillus species, are proteolytic enzymes that are used in laundry products and are known to cause respiratory allergy. Antigenic and allergenic characteristics of alcalase and savinase and their potential cross-reactivity were evaluated using crossed immunoelectrophoresis and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Alcalase exhibited two distinct antigens; one electropositive and one electronegative. The electropositive antigen exhibited some retrograde anodic mobility when coupled with antiserum components. Savinase exhibited one electropositive and two electronegative antigens. The antigens of the two enzymes were clearly different from each other, the three savinase antigens exhibiting greater electrophoretic mobility than the two alcalase antigens. In crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis studies, only the electropositive antigen of alcalase, its retrograde complex, and the electropositive antigen of savinase bound IgE from the sera of individuals who were skin test positive to one or both enzymes. No evidence of cross-reactivity was observed in heterologous and tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis studies and heterologous microimmunodiffusion reactions.
Reconstitution of cytochrome <i>P</i>-450-dependent digitoxin 12<i>β</i>-hydroxylase from cell cultures of foxglove (<i>Digitalis lanata</i> EHRH.) (1988)

Cytochrome P-450-dependent digitoxin 12 beta-hydroxylase from cell cultures of foxglove (Digitalis lanata) was solubilized from microsomal membranes with CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propane-1-sulphonic acid). Cytochrome P-450 was separated from NADPH: cytochrome c (P-450) reductase by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. NADPH:cytochrome c (P-450) reductase was further purified by affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose 4B. This procedure resulted in a 248-fold purification of the enzyme; on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis after silver staining, only one band, corresponding to a molecular mass of 80 kDa, was present. The digitoxin 12 beta-hydroxylase activity could be reconstituted by incubating partially purified cytochrome P-450 and NADPH:cytochrome c (P-450) reductase together with naturally occurring microsomal lipids and flavin nucleotides. This procedure yielded about 10% of the original amount of digitoxin 12 beta-hydroxylase.
The chemistry of local anaesthetic agents: classification of blocking agents. (1975)

Compounds with local anaesthetic properties may be classified according to their action upon the nerve membrane. Four classes of agent are recognized: A. Compounds acting at the exterior of the sodium channels; B. Compounds acting at the axoplasmic part of the sodium channels; C. Compounds acting through a physicochemical mechanism; BC. Compounds acting by a combination of B and C mechanisms. The chemical basis for these different mechanisms is discussed.
Splicing of designer exons reveals unexpected complexity in pre-mRNA splicing (2009)

Pre-messengerRNA (mRNA) splicing requires the accurate recognition of splice sites by the cellular RNA processing machinery. In addition to sequences that comprise the branchpoint and the 3' and 5' splice sites, the cellular splicing machinery relies on additional information in the form of exonic and intronic splicing enhancer and silencer sequences. The high abundance of these motifs makes it difficult to investigate their effects using standard genetic perturbations, since their disruption often leads to the formation of yet new elements. To lessen this problem, we have designed synthetic exons comprised of multiple copies of a single prototypical exonic enhancer and a single prototypical exonic silencer sequence separated by neutral spacer sequences. The spacer sequences buffer the exon against the formation of new elements as the number and order of the original elements are varied. Over 100 such designer exons were constructed by random ligation of enhancer, silencer, and neutral elements. Each exon was positioned as the central exon in a 3-exon minigene and tested for exon inclusion after transient transfection. The level of inclusion of the test exons was seen to be dependent on the provision of enhancers and could be decreased by the provision of silencers. In general, there was a good quantitative correlation between the proportion of enhancers and splicing. However, widely varying inclusion levels could be produced by different permutations of the enhancer and silencer elements, indicating that even in this simplified system splicing decisions rest on complex interplays of yet to be determined parameters.
Metabolism of 14C-3-trifluoromethyl-alpha-ethylbenzhydrol in rats. (1978)

Metabolism of 3-trifluoromethyl-alpha-ethyl-benzhydrol (I), hepatic enzyme inducer has been studied in rats. Five metabolites in bile and four in urine, as well as minute amounts of the original drug (I) were identified. The only major metabolite in bile and one of the two major metabolites in urine were found to be aromatic hydroxylated products of I, i.e., 3-trifluoro-methyl-4'-hydroxy-alpha-ethylbenzhydrol (II). The results of enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase suggest that hydroxyl groups of metabolites are conjugated. Considering the structure of metabolites isolated a probable order of metabolite formation is outlined.
NMR chemical shifts as probes for steric effects in mono‐ and disubstituted adamantanes (2002)

Abstract Substituent effects are widely used to investigate the factors affecting carbon‐13 chemical shifts. Adamantane and its derivatives are convenient probes for relative contributions to these factors owing to their symmetry and relative absence of ring strain. We have extended our studies on NMR chemical shifts of 1‐ and 2‐methyladamantanes to hydroxy, bromo, methoxy and acetamide substituents and also certain disubstituted (one of the groups being methyl) analogs. DFT/GIAO calculations at the B3LYP/6–31G(d,p) level show that, except for α‐effects, steric interactions are mainly responsible for substituent effects on chemical shifts. The CHARGE program is particularly well suited for localizing these effects and estimating their approximate shape and range.
Egg Science and Technology (1986)

The complex chemical and nutritional science of eggs, their production, marketing, and use in foods are discussed for college students, nutritionists, scientists, and managers in the egg products industry. Science and technology have been used and can be used to provide better egg products to consumers. Various effects of farm production on product quality are considered. Material covered includes current knowledge on: identification and preservation of egg shell quality; microbiology, chemistry, and nutritive value of eggs and egg products; merchandising eggs in supermarkets; egg breaking; freezing, pasteurization, desugarization, and dehydration of egg products; quality control and product specifications; and functional properties in foods. US patents concerning egg products, processing, and equipment are provided, and the early history of the egg product industry is traced with a discussion of several notable technological advances. (wz)
A Technique for Testing and Evaluation of Aircraft Flight Performance During Early Design Phases (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A technique is proposed for examining complex behaviors in the “pilot - vehicle - operational conditions” system using an autonomous situational model of flight. The goal is to identify potentially critical flight situations in the system behavior early in the design process. An exhaustive set of flight scenarios can be constructed and modeled on a computer by the designer in accordance with test certification requirements or other inputs. Distinguishing features of the technique include the autonomy of experimentation (the pilot and a flight simulator are not involved) and easy planning and quick modeling of complex multi-factor flight cases. An example of mapping airworthiness requirements into formal scenarios is presented. Simulation results for various flight situations and aircraft types are also demonstrated.</div>
Design and Analysis of Integrator-Based Log-Domain Filter Circuits (2002)

Design and Analysis of Integrator-Based Log-Domain Filter Circuits deals with the design and analysis of log-domain filter circuits. It describes several synthesis methods that aid the designer in developing bipolar or BiCMOS filter circuits with cut-off frequencies ranging from the low kilohertz range to several hundreds of megahertz. Filter response deviations due to transistor-level nonidealities are systematically analyzed, leading to effective electronic compensation schemes. Numerous examples are provided in the text with measured experimental data from IC prototypes. Design and Analysis of Integrator-Based Log-Domain Filter Circuits is intended for engineers in research or development, as well as advanced-level engineering students. Extensive discussion on filter text metrics should also interest engineers who are responsible for testing high-performance, high-speed analog or mixed-signal products
Representation of unique sequences in libraries of randomized nucleic acids (1996)

From a library of nucleic acid molecules, which are randomized in parts of their sequence, unique sequence variants can be selected for specific properties. The planning of such an in vitro selection experiment requires some consideration regarding how much DNA template or RNA transcript should be used initially. The amount applied depends on the number of randomized nucleotides and on the expectations of how often each conceivable and unique sequence combination should be represented in the experimental pool. We display graphs describing the probability for the representation of unique nucleic acid molecules in a randomized pool as a function of the mean representation k, defined by the ratio of sampled nucleic acid molecules to conceivable sequence combinations and we summarize the amounts required to represent unique sequences with 99% likelihood. The probability of representation, P = 1-e-k, can be applied also to 'sub-saturated' pools (k < 1) of nucleic acids with long randomized domains, where it is impossible to provide sufficient material for full sequence representation.
Contactless transport of matter in the first five resonance modes of a line-focused acoustic manipulator (2012)

The first five resonance modes for transport of matter in a line-focused acoustic levitation system are investigated. Contactless transport was achieved by varying the height between the radiating plate and the reflector. Transport and levitation of droplets in particular involve two limits of the acoustic forces. The lower limit corresponds to the minimum force required to overcome the gravitational force. The upper limit corresponds to the maximum acoustic pressure beyond which atomization of the droplet occurs. As the droplet size increases, the lower limit increases and the upper limit decreases. Therefore to have large droplets levitated, relatively flat radiation pressure amplitude during the translation is needed. In this study, using a finite element model, the Gor'kov potential was calculated for different heights between the reflector and the radiating plate. The application of the Gor'kov potential was extended to study the range of droplet sizes for which the droplets can be levitated and transported without atomization. It was found that the third resonant mode (H(3)-mode) represents the best compromise between high levitation force and smooth pattern transition, and water droplets of millimeter radius can be levitated and transported. The H(3)-mode also allows for three translation lines in parallel.
Low Cost Additively Manufactured Antenna Array Modules (2019)

This paper introduces a modular, end-fire, dual- polarized ultra-wideband scalable array (MEDUSA) realized with stereolithography (SLA) to achieve a novel connector-less phased array radiating element. The radiator is based on a variation of conventional tapered slot antennas (i.e. Vivaldi) where a new integrated balun approach is described which leverages the flexibility provided by additive manufacturing (AM). The design further achieves a fully-monolithic element consisting of RF coaxial interface, balun, and free-space transformer. This effectively eliminates the need for additional RF connectors in order to minimize phased array antenna costs. Simulations (2-20 GHz) demonstrate MEDUSA performance to be comparable with conventional Vivaldi arrays. A finite 8×8 array covering 2-20 GHz has been prototyped and measured to demonstrate agreement in active impedance and element patterns.
Network Function Virtualization: Resource Orchestration Challenges (2015)

Network function virtualization (NFV) promises improved operations in
terms of flexibility, efficiency, and manageability, but
orchestration, in general, and recursive orchestration, in particular,
is still an item of ongoing research. We summarize the current state
of the art in open-source initiatives in this area and present current
directions of research and development in terms of orchestration,
resource decomposition and federation, policy-based resource
management, measurement and analytics, and virtual network function
(VNF) elasticity.
Improved Bitmap Indexing Strategy for Data Warehouses (2006)

Improving the query performance is critical in data warehousing and decision support systems. A lot of methods have been proposed by various researches. Indexing the data warehouse is a common but effective technique. Bitmap indices play a very important role in improving query performance in data warehousing and decision support systems. In this paper we present a new bitmap indexing strategy that can be applied to any existing bitmap compression schemes that are based on run length encoding. The new strategy, in most cases, requires less space and provides performance gains as well. The new strategy is tested on two commonly used bitmap compression schemes namely, word-aligned hybrid (WAH) and byte-aligned bitmap code (BBC) and results are presented graphically. The proposed strategy simply sorts the field on which a bitmap is to be created. Sorting of the field ensures long runs of ones and zeros. These long runs of ones and zeros are desirable for any compression scheme that is based on run length encoding and its variants. The space required to store the bitmap indexes goes down dramatically. The effect of sorting on query response time is studied for equality and range queries and it is found that there is a considerable decrease in the response time of queries. The overheads associated with the proposed strategy are sorting a table on a particular field and maintaining a sorted table. These extra tasks could be easily performed during the ETL process or when the data warehouse is offline. The new strategy concentrates on reducing space requirement for the bitmap index and the response time of queries and achieves both objectives without incurring any processing overheads when the data warehouse is online.