gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Humic substances - compounds of still unknown structure: applications in agriculture, industry, environment, and biomedicine (2005)

Humic substances as part of humus-soil organic matter - are compounds arising from the physical, chemical and microbiological transformation (humification) of biomolecules. They are important because they constitute the most ubiquitous source of non-living organic material that nature knows. Approximately 80% of the total carbon in terrestrial media and 60% of the carbon dissolved in aquatic media are made up of humic substances. Humic substances have important roles in soil fertility, and are considered to have primal relevance for the stabilization of soil aggregates. They can be divided into three components according to their solubility: humic acids, fulvic acids and humin. Humic acids are the most explored group of humic substances. Beyond their relevance for life these substances have industrial applications in the development of absorbents to be used at the sources of metal-poisoning. Being natural substances, their purification process is cheaper than the synthesis of any other sorbent and, moreover, due to their high operability, they absorb more than the absorbents used to date, such as active charcoals or clays. The specific properties of humic acid products enable their application in industry, agriculture, environmental and biomedicine.
How Well Can We Estimate the Information Carried in Neuronal Responses from Limited Samples? (1997)

It is difficult to extract the information carried by neuronal responses about a set of stimuli because limited data samples result in biased estimates. Recently two improved procedures have been developed to calculate information from experimental results: a binning-and-correcting procedure and a neural network procedure. We have used data produced from a model of the spatiotemporal receptive fields of parvocellular and magnocellular lateral geniculate neurons to study the performance of these methods as a function of the number of trials used. Both procedures yield accurate results for one-dimensional neuronal codes. They can also be used to produce a reasonable estimate of the extra information in a three-dimensional code, in this instance, within 0.05-0.1 bit of the asymptotically calculated value--about 10% of the total transmitted information. We believe that this performance is much more accurate than previous procedures.
A new approach for goal-oriented deformation of voxel models (2002)

A new volume deformation technique using FEM and voxel-texture (voxture) maps has been developed. In contrast to the traditional deformation techniques, the new algorithm is aimed at volume transformations, deformations and volume metamorphosis.
DNA vaccines against tuberculosis (1997)

This edited transcript of a presentation at the 'Vaccines Beyond 2000' conference describes a series of investigations by the authors throwing light on the mechanisms of protective immunity against tuberculosis in mice and raising hope for a new kind of vaccine to replace bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). DNA encoding only one or a few protein antigens was found capable of conferring persistent protection equal to the effect of BCG. The essential features seem to be an endogenous origin of the antigen within transfected mouse cells which favours the development of CD8+/CD44hi/IFN-gamma-producing T cells with antigen-specific cytotoxicity. Such cells were the most efficient in adoptive transfer of protection from infected or DNA-vaccinated mice to naive mice.
Vulnerability Assessment of Cybersecurity for SCADA Systems (2008)

Vulnerability assessment is a requirement of NERC's cybersecurity standards for electric power systems. The purpose is to study the impact of a cyber attack on supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. Compliance of the requirement to meet the standard has become increasingly challenging as the system becomes more dispersed in wide areas. Interdependencies between computer communication system and the physical infrastructure also become more complex as information technologies are further integrated into devices and networks. This paper proposes a vulnerability assessment framework to systematically evaluate the vulnerabilities of SCADA systems at three levels: <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">system</i> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">scenarios</i> , and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">access</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">points</i> . The proposed method is based on cyber systems embedded with the firewall and password models, the primary mode of protection in the power industry today. The impact of a potential electronic intrusion is evaluated by its potential loss of load in the power system. This capability is enabled by integration of a logic-based simulation method and a module for the power flow computation. The IEEE 30-bus system is used to evaluate the impact of attacks launched from outside or from within the substation networks. Countermeasures are identified for improvement of the cybersecurity.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Confined in Hierarchically Porous Monolithic Silica: A New Function in Aromatic Hydrocarbon Separations (2013)

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been homogeneously introduced into hierarchically porous monolithic silica columns with well-defined macropores and SBA-15-type hexagonally ordered mesopores by using ethanol as the mild reductant. Within the cylindrical silica mesopores treated with aminopropyl groups as the host, monocrystalline Ag NPs and nanorods are obtained after being treated in silver nitrate/ethanol solution at room temperature for different durations of reducing time. The loading of Ag NPs in the monolith can be increased to 33 wt % by the repetitive treatment, which also led to the formation of polycrystalline Ag nanorods in the mesopores. Although the bare silica column cannot separate aromatic hydrocarbons, good separation of those molecules by noncharged Ag NPs confined in the porous structure of the monolith has been for the first time demonstrated with the Ag NP-embedded silica column. The NP-embedded monolithic silica would be a powerful separation tool for hydrocarbons with different number, position, and configuration of unsaturated bonds.
Synthesis of 6β-[(2‘-Aminoethyl)carboxamidomethyl]estradiol and Preparation of Estradiol Probes (1998)

Reformatsky reaction of 3, 17beta-bis[(2-trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl]-1,3, 5(10)-estratrien-6-one (2) with bromoethyl acetate and zinc gave the ester (3) in 60% yield which upon treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride in pyridine afforded the olefinic esters (4 and 5) as an endo and exo mixture (67:33 ratio) in 81% yield. Hydrolysis of the SEM protective groups in compounds 4 and 5 followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxy compounds 6 and 7 using 10% Pd/C afforded an epimeric mixture (beta:alpha = 79:21) of 6-[(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]estradiol (8a and 8b) in 95% yield. Hydrolysis of the ethyl esters (8a and 8b) using sodium hydroxide gave the acid (9a and 9b) in 81% yield. The epimeric mixture of acids (9a and 9b) was activated, treated with tert-butyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)carbamate (10), and purified by HPLC to afford 6beta-[[[(2-tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl]carboxamidomethyl] estradiol (11) in 39% yield as the major isomer. Hydrolysis of the BOC group in compound 11 using TFA afforded the desired 6beta-[(2-aminoethyl)carboxamidomethyl]estradiol 12 in 50% yield. The biotinylated estradiol probe 14, fluorescent probe 16, and chemiluminescent probe 18 were prepared from 6beta-[(2'-aminoethyl)carboxamidomethyl]estradiol (12) and the corresponding biotin, 5-carboxyfluorescein, and 10-(3-sulfopropyl)-N-tosyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)acridinium-9-carboxamide N-succinimidyl esters (13, 15, and 17) in 65-74% yield and 99% purity.
High level expression of recombinant mumps nucleoprotein in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and its evaluation in mumps IgM serology (2001)

To develop improved reagents for mumps serology a high-level yeast expression system was employed to produce recombinant mumps nucleoprotein (rNP). The rNP was purified by CsCl gradient centrifugation and yielded approximately 15 mg/l of yeast culture. Electron microscopy of the rNP revealed characteristic herring-bone structures. The electrophoretic mobility of rNP in yeast cells was similar to native NP in SDS-PAGE. Monoclonal antibodies to rNP reacted with native mumps virus nucleoprotein by immunofluorescence assay. A monoclonal antibody to native mumps virus NP reacted with rNP by Western blot assay. The rNP was investigated as antigen in an IgM capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using a horseradish peroxidase conjugate of monoclonal antibody to the rNP. Eighteen sera previously found to be positive by IgM capture radioimmunoassay (MACRIA) and 30 sera that were mumps IgM negative by MACRIA were tested by mumps IgM capture EIA. The results for the two test were concordant. In addition, 26 rheumatoid factor positive sera and 35 sera that were IgM positive for measles, rubella or parvovirus B19 were tested. Fifty-nine sera were negative by mumps IgM capture EIA but two sera collected from two infants 3 and 6 weeks after mumps, measles and rubella vaccination were positive. Mumps MACRIA confirmed these results. Compared to MACRIA the overall sensitivity was 100% (20/20) and specificity was 96.8% (30/31). The yeast expressed rNP was highly immunogenic and suitable for use in IgM capture EIA for the diagnosis of mumps.
Complete replication of a satellite RNA in vitro by a purified RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (1992)

The 334 nucleotide R satellite RNA was used as a template for purified RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from cucumber mosaic virus-infected tobacco plants. The products of the reaction were dsRNA and positive-strand RNA of the same size as the R satellite RNA. Similar products were obtained when T7 RNA polymerase positive-strand transcripts of a cDNA clone of the satellite RNA, designed to have the same 5' and 3' ends as the satellite RNA, were used as templates. The formation of the positive strands demonstrates complete replication of the satellite RNA. A positive-strand transcript with 65 and 255 additional nucleotides at the 5' and 3' ends of the satellite RNA respectively was also utilized as a template by the RdRp, but only dsRNA was formed. However, no products could be detected when the RdRp was programmed with transcripts corresponding to the negative-strand satellite RNA, either with no additional terminal nucleotides or with 24 and 310 additional nucleotides at the 5' and 3' ends respectively.
Medical applications of MEMS (2002)

Exploiting the materials and processing techniques developed for integrated circuits, silicon micromachining technology has been responsible for fundamental improvements in many, diverse fields of biomedicine. As blood pressure sensors, chemical sensors, micro-chemical reaction and analysis systems, and micro-fluidic control systems, the impact of micromachining on biomedical applications has already been impressive, but is only now poised for dramatic advances. This paper will review current state-of-the-art biomedical applications of micromachining technology such as pressure sensors and biochemical sensors. In addition, we will discuss significant new biomedical innovations on the horizon which make use of micromachining techniques and processes.
Case 10-2009 (2009)

A 23-year-old woman came to the adolescent and young adult medicine clinic at this hospital to establish care and to receive counseling regarding oral contraception, screening for sexually transmitted infections, and vaccination against human papillomavirus. Pathological examination of a Papanicolaou smear disclosed a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Additional diagnostic testing was performed, and management decisions were made.
Molecular Mechanisms of High-Dose Antigen Therapy in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Rapid Induction of Th1-Type Cytokines and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (2000)

High-dose Ag administration induces apoptotic death of autoreactive T cells and is an effective therapy of experimental autoimmune diseases of the nervous system. To explore the role of cytokines in Ag-specific immunotherapy, we analyzed mRNA induction and protein expression for the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and the cytokine-inducible NO synthase (iNOS) during high-dose Ag therapy of adoptive transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (AT-EAE) in the Lewis rat. Using semiquantitative and competitive RT-PCR, we found 5- to 6-fold induction of TNF-alpha mRNA and 3-fold induction of IFN-gamma mRNA in the spinal cord that occurred within 1 h after i.v. injection of Ag and was accompanied by a 2-fold increase of iNOS mRNA. Both IFN-gamma and iNOS mRNA remained elevated for at least 6 h, whereas TNF-alpha mRNA was already down-regulated 6 h after Ag injection. A comparable time course was found for circulating serum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. IL-10 mRNA levels did not change significantly following Ag injection. Neutralization of TNF-alpha by anti-TNF-alpha antiserum in vivo led to a significant decrease in the rate of T cell and oligodendrocyte apoptosis induced by high-dose Ag administration, but did not change the beneficial clinical effect of Ag therapy. Our data suggest profound activation of proinflammatory but not of anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression by high-dose Ag injection. Functionally, TNF-alpha contributes to increased apoptosis of both autoaggressive T cells and oligodendrocytes in the target organ and may thereby play a dual role in this model of Ag-specific therapy of CNS autoimmune diseases.
Stochastic net length distributions for global interconnects in a heterogeneous system-on-a-chip (2002)

The stochastic net length distribution for global interconnects in a non-homogeneous system-on-a-chip is derived using novel models for netlist information, placement information and routing information. Through comparison with actual product data, it is shown that the new stochastic models successfully predict the global net length distribution of a heterogeneous system.
CDR3 size analysis of T cell receptor V beta transcripts: follow-up study in a patient with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1995)

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is generally considered to be a clonal disorder arising as an expansion of committed lymphoid precursors. The generation of functional T cell receptor (TCR) genes involves DNA rearrangement processes. This predisposes immature lymphoid cells to abnormal rearrangements. Previous analysis of the TCR genes strongly suggested the clonal origin of human T-ALL. We present a sensitive clonal analysis of bone marrow TCR V beta transcripts in a case of T-ALL. This study allows the analysis not only of TCR V beta transcripts in tumor cells but also the temporal modification of the global TCR repertoire in the follow-up of clinical specimens from bone marrow aspirates. Moreover, we used clone-specific junctional region oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the clonal leukemic population for the molecular monitoring of the malignant clone throughout the clinical course of the disease. This molecular fingerprint appears to be a sensitive method to detect minimal residual disease. It shows that junctional regions of rearranged TCR beta genes corresponding to the tumor cells can also be detected at the time of the complete remission.
In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Elastography of the Human Brain Using Ultrafast Acquisition Techniques (2002)

In vivo dynamic Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) of the human brain suffers from the strong attenuation of mechanically induced acoustical waves transmitted into brain tissue. This limits image reconstruction algorithms and the appropriate determination of tissue elasticity constants. In this study the application of an ultrafast Echo Planar Imaging technique for MRE is presented. This technique allows the accumulation of data to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, 3D data can be recorded. This allows the visualization of the complete 3D wave propagation in the human brain.
Outcome of Sickle Cell Anemia (2005)

Based on a prospective cohort study of 1056 patients with sickle cell anemia (Hb SS) initiated in 1959, we investigated the influence of calendar era, age, sex, and prior medical conditions on the subsequent development of irreversible organ damage and survival using the Cox regression model with time-dependent covariates adjusting for all prior occurrences. We studied 30 acute clinical events, and focused on 8 prototypic forms of irreversible organ damage. Childhood survival to age 20 years has improved from 79% for those born before 1975 to 89% for children born in or after 1975. Bone infarction was a significant risk factor for avascular necrosis (p = 0.01), and infantile dactylitis was a significant risk factor for stroke (p = 0.01). Prior hospitalized vaso-occlusive sickle crisis in adults was significantly associated with the increased rate of avascular necrosis (p < 0.001), leg ulcers (p < 0.001), sickle chronic lung disease (p < 0.001), renal failure (p < 0.005), and early death (p < 0.001). The diagnosis of clearly evident clinical conditions such as leg ulcer, osteonecrosis, and retinopathy predicted an increased likelihood of developing a more lethal form of organ damage and earlier death: 77% of patients with chronic lung disease, 75% of those with renal insufficiency, and 51% of those with stroke had a prior chronic condition. Of the 232 patients who died, 73% had 1 or more clinically recognized forms of irreversible organ damage. By the fifth decade, nearly one-half of the surviving patients (48%) had documented irreversible organ damage. End-stage renal disease (glomerulosclerosis), chronic pulmonary disease with pulmonary hypertension, retinopathy, and cerebral microinfarctions are manifestations of arterial and capillary microcirculation obstructive vasculopathy. The current study underscores the need for preventive therapy to ameliorate the progression of the sickle vasculopathy.
10.4: Measuring of GraytoGray Crosstalk in a LCD Based TimeSequential Stereoscopic Display (2010)

Abstract A method of measuring stereoscopic crosstalk between left and right image pixels with arbitrary gray levels is proposed. The primary purpose of the method is to study LCD based timesequential stereodisplays, however the proposed method can be applied in studying and characterization of the other types of stereoscopic display. To test a method, a display, based on TN LCD panel, is examined. Noticeable variations of the crosstalk with the applied graygray input signals are demonstrated. It is also shown an asymmetry of the crosstalk, responsible for the light ghosting and a crosstalk, responsible for the dark ghosting.
The purification and properties of human plasminogen (1964)

Research Article| October 01 1964 The purification and properties of human plasminogen N Alkjaersig N Alkjaersig Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1964) 93 (1): 171–182. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0930171 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation N Alkjaersig; The purification and properties of human plasminogen. Biochem J 1 October 1964; 93 (1): 171–182. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0930171 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1964 The Biochemical Society1964 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Node connection/quantum phase-shifting mask-path to below 0.3-/spl mu/m pitch, proximity effect free random interconnect and memory patterning (1999)

New design concepts for alternating phase-shifting masks are proposed which enable the alternating PSMs to be applied to random patterns with the least design restrictions and reduced proximity effects. Original design patterns are decomposed to several sub-patterns using geometrical operations, so that each sub-pattern can be achieved by the alternating type PSMs. The possibility of patterning sub-0.3 /spl mu/m pitch random interconnects with conventional DUV tools is shown.
Switchable Ionic liquids (SILs) based on glycerol and acid gases (2011)

New types of switchable ionic liquids (SILs), containing 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU), glycerol and an acid gas (CO2, SO2), were synthesized and characterized in this study. [DBU][Carbonate] or [sulfonate] were easily synthesized from a non-ionic mixture of molecular organic polyol and amidine base upon bubbling of an acid gas (CO2, SO2). Moreover, they were switched back to the original molecular solvents by flushing out the acid gas (CO2, SO2) by heating and/or bubbling an inert gas such as N2 through it. The structures of the SILs were confirmed by NMR and FTIR. The change from low polarity (molecular solvent) to high polarity (Switchable Ionic Liquid, SIL) was also indicated by the changes in properties, such as viscosity and miscibility with different organic solvents. The decomposition temperatures of the SILs were determined by means of Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and gave values in the range of 50 °C and 120 °C for DBU-glycerol-CO2 (SIL1) and DBU-glycerol-SO2 (SIL2), respectively. Due to the reasonable decomposition temperatures, these novel SILs can be employed in multiple applications.
Modeling the effect of temperature and pH on activity of enzymes: The case of phytases (2000)

In this study, the behavior of enzyme activity as a function of pH and temperature is modeled on the basis of fundamental considerations. A formulation is developed that includes the activation of enzymes with increasing temperatures and the deactivation of enzymes at higher temperature, together with the effect of protonation and hydroxylation on activity at various constant pH levels. The model is calibrated and validated against an extensive set of experimental data on phytases from seven different origins. The percentage variance accounted for (R(2)(adj)), obtained by statistical nonlinear regression analysis on all data sets, was shown to range from 97.6% to 99.5%. The equilibrium constant of protonation and hydroxylation proved to be independent of temperature.