gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UV and MS Identification of Urolithins and Nasutins, the Bioavailable Metabolites of Ellagitannins and Ellagic Acid in Different Mammals (2011)

Urolithins are microbial metabolites produced from ellagic acid after the intake of dietary ellagitannins by different animals. Urolithin metabolites have distinct UV spectra that enable their detection and differentiation by HPLC coupled with UV photodiode array detectors. Correlations between structural characteristics, including conjugation, with the UV spectra and retention times are established. The production of urolithin derivatives in different animals feeding on ellagitannins, including rodents (rats and mice), humans, pigs, squirrels, beavers, sheep, bull calves, birds, and insects, was investigated. All mammals produced urolithins, and their glucuronyl and sulfate conjugates were the main metabolites detected in plasma and urine. Unconjugated urolithins were detected in feces, ruminal content, and beaver castoreum. Different urolithin hydroxylation patterns were observed for different animal species, suggesting that the microbiota responsible for the metabolism of ellagitannins in each animal species produces dehydroxylases for the removal of specific hydroxyls from the ellagic acid residue. Metabolites were characterized using HR HPLC-TOF-MS and ion trap MS/MS. Insects and birds feeding on ellagitannin-containing foods did not produce urolithins, although they released ellagic acid. Beavers and pigs were able to produce dehydroxyellagic acid derivatives (nasutin A), showing that in some cases the removal of hydroxyl groups from the ellagic acid nucleus can be carried out before the lactone ring is opened to produce urolithins.
Shadow Nanosphere Lithography (2007)

This thesis presents a lithographic method, based on self-assembled two-dimensional colloidal crystals, for fabrication of large-area (> cm<sup>2</sup>) arrays of nanostructures. Preparation of colloidal crystals (≈ 200 cm<sup>2</sup>) at the air-water interface is shown and discussed. Obtained crystals are used as lithographic masks. Utilizing shadow evaporation and reactive ion etching different nanoparticles are manufactured, such as dots, triangles, rods, rings, wires, pillars, and layers perforated with holes of various shape. Geometrical dependences of the size and shape of nanoparticles are shown and compared with experimental results.
Modifiable risk factors for surgical site infection. (2011)

Multiple risk factors for orthopaedic surgical site infection have been identified. Some of these factors directly affect the wound-healing process, whereas others can lead to blood-borne sepsis or relative immunosuppression. Modifying a patient's medications; screening for comorbidities, such as HIV or diabetes mellitus; and advising the patient on options to diminish or eliminate adverse behaviors, such as smoking, should lower the risk for surgical site infections.
UV‐C radiation induces apoptotic‐like changes in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1998)

With a view to studying programmed cell death in plants at the molecular level, we report here for the first time that apoptotic-like changes are induced by UV radiation in plant nuclei. In Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings a UV-C dose of 10-50 kJ/m2 induces an oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation which is reminiscent of the apoptotic DNA ladder described in animal cells. This DNA fragmentation was also detected in situ in protoplast nuclei as soon as 2 h after UV-C treatment. Moreover, UV-C induced a nuclear morphology characteristic of animal apoptotic nuclei. We propose that UV-C induction constitutes a powerful tool to compare the cellular response to irreversible UV damage in plants to that in animals and to study programmed cell death in A. thaliana.
Fully Convolutional Networks for Panoptic Segmentation (2021)

In this paper, we present a conceptually simple, strong, and efficient framework for panoptic segmentation, called Panoptic FCN. Our approach aims to represent and predict foreground things and background stuff in a unified fully convolutional pipeline. In particular, Panoptic FCN encodes each object instance or stuff category into a specific kernel weight with the proposed kernel generator and produces the prediction by convolving the high-resolution feature directly. With this approach, instance-aware and semantically consistent prosperties for things and stuff can be respectively satisfied in a simple generate-kernel-then-segment workflow. Without extra boxes for localization or instance separation, the proposed approach outperforms previous box-based and -free models with high efficiency on COCO, Cityscapes, and Mapillary Vistas datasets with single scale input. Our code is made publicly available at https://github.com/Jia-Research-Lab/PanopticFCN. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Association between PNPLA8 gene polymorphism and schizophrenia in male patients (2013)

<p>Abnormal phospholipid metabolism in the brain plays an important role in neuropsychiatric diseases. Phospholipase A2 is crucial for maintaining normal neuro-physiological function. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms of the membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 gamma (PNPLA8) gene and schizophrenia in Han Chinese in north China. The PCR-based ligase detection reaction was applied to detect 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PNPLA8 gene among 201 Chinese pedigrees. The genotypic frequency of the PNPLA8 polymorphisms did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium both in affected offspring and parental groups. Haploid relative risk (HRR) and transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT) showed that the 3 SNPs were not associated with schizophrenia (<em>p</em>&gt;0.05), but further analysis with TDT showed that the rs40876 polymorphism was associated with schizophrenia in males (<em>χ<sup>2</sup></em>=4.667, <em>p</em>=0.031). Our data suggest that rs40876 in PNPLA8 may be associated with schizophrenia in males.</p><div> </div>
Nucleotide sequences of MHC class I introns 1, 2, and 3 in humans and intron 2 in nonhuman primates (1996)

HLA‐class I genes are the most polymorphic genetic system yet known. The polymorphic substitutions are mostly located in exon 2 and 3, encoding α1 and α2 domains, respectively, which are involved in peptide binding and T cell receptor interaction. In this study, we present the sequences of the introns neighboring the polymorphic exons in humans with few examples from non‐human primates. In general, intron sequences are found to be less polymorphic than the adjacent exons, displaying numerous locus‐specific and group‐specific sites. These sequences will provide important information for developing DNA based typing strategies for HLA‐class I alleles.
Frequency and time-frequency analysis of intraoperative ECoG during awake brain stimulation (2013)

Electrocortical stimulation remains the standard for functional brain mapping of eloquent areas to prevent postoperative functional deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the short-train technique (monopolar stimulation) and Penfield's technique (bipolar stimulation) would induce different effects on brain oscillatory activity in awake patients, as quantified by electrocorticography (ECoG). The study population was seven patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. Intraoperative bipolar and monopolar electrical stimulation for cortical mapping was performed during awake surgery. ECoG was recorded using 1 × 8 electrode strip. Spectral estimation was calculated using a parametric approach based on an autoregressive model. Wavelet-based time-frequency analysis was then applied to evaluate the temporal evolution of brain oscillatory activity. Both monopolar and bipolar stimulation produced an increment in delta and a decrease in beta powers for the motor and the sensory channels. These phenomena lasted about 4 s. Comparison between monopolar and bipolar stimulation showed no significant difference in brain activity. Given the importance of quantitative signal analysis for evaluating response accuracy, ECoG recording during electrical stimulation is necessary to characterize the dynamic processes underlying changes in cortical responses in vivo. This study is a preliminary approach to the quantitative analysis of post-stimulation ECoG signals.
Tunable Delay Element for Low Power VLSI Circuit Design (2006)

We proposed a low-power tunable delay element with several nice features. Initially, we develop this matched delay element for implementing self-timed datapath components. Surprisingly, we found this design is also suitable for many high performance applications with low power requirement after examining its circuit characteristics in more detail. Tunable and asymmetric characteristics are the two major concerns of this delay line circuit. Besides, the circuit itself also demonstrates valuable characteristics such as well adjustment to the operating temperature disparity on the delay and the technology variation-tolerant nature. In order to keep the low power intuition of utilizing asynchronous circuits, we spend a huge effort to cut down the overall power consumption. The proposed tunable delay element consumes less average power than a 4-stage minimum size inverter chain. A 4 ns and 8 ns delay implemented by our design needs only 26 muw and 30 muw respectively for the TSMC 0.35 mum technology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest power consumption of the programmable delay element of the same kind so far
Kinetics of Intracellular, Extracellular and Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide- Stimulated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2014)

Purpose: To determine the detailed time course of intracellular, extracellular and production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-ƒα, IL-1β, IL-1&#945, IL-6 and IL-8) in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).Methods: PBMC were isolated from human whole blood, stimulated by 0.1 µ/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and incubated at 37oC, 5% CO2. Samples were harvested at different time intervals (4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h) after stimulation. ELISA was employed for the measurement of the extracellular and intracellular cytokine levels of the samples.Results: The release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 on LPS-stimulated PBMC were significantly higher with concentrations in the range of 3161 ± 162.5 to 4027 ± 361.5 pg/ml (p < 0.001), 3921.5 ± 879.3 to 11628.3 ± 2647.3 pg/ml (p ≤ 0.030), and 4122.0 ± 382.9 to 5898.6±115.8 pg/ml (p ≤ 0.049), respectively compared to intracellular levels that were very low (TNF-α, 23.5 #177; 5.0 to 69.5 ± 13.8 pg/ml; IL-6, 22.5 ± 16.5 to 96.5 ± 9.6 pg/ml; and IL-8, 501.1 ± 221.0 to 1452.5 #177 415.7 pg/ml) and remained unchanged during 24 h. In contrast, both IL-1α and IL-1β 3946;were secreted gradually. Secretion and production of IL-6 was significantly higher at 8 h (9394.4 ± 846.3 pg/ml; p = 0.002) and at 20 h (11628.3 ± 2647.3 pg/ml; p = 0.014) than other cytokines.Conclusion: The differences in the characteristic kinetics of cytokines may be caused by different mechanisms of secretion and function. IL-1, TNF-945; and IL-8 play a role as proinflammatory cytokines, whereas IL-6 consecutively plays a dual role as pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory.Keywords: Pro-inflammatory cytokine, Tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8.
Abuse during pregnancy: effects on maternal complications and birth weight in adult and teenage women. (1994)

One in five teens and one in six adult women experienced abuse during pregnancy. Abuse is related to LBW and late entry into prenatal care. Abuse can be documented readily with a short abuse assessment screen and interventions then initiated.
Maneuvering the Role as a Community College Artist-Educator (2009)

This study examined how Texas community college artist-educators balance artistic productivity with their teaching responsibilities. The 98 survey respondents represented 76.6% of a stratified random sample of the full-time instructors in visual arts departments within the 50 Texas public community college districts. Access to studio space and equipment, peer support, and new avenues for artistic expression and creative stimulation were seen as promoting or enhancing artistic production. Lack of studio time for producing one's artwork was cited a barrier to artistic production, as were the demands of teaching and related responsibilities. In addition, those who saw themselves more as artists than as educators or who saw themselves equally as artists and educators were more likely to balance art with teaching and service than were those who saw themselves more as educators than as artists.
Hybrid control of biped robots to increase stability in locomotion (2000)

This article proposes a new hybrid control method, a combination of impedance control and computed-torque control, to control biped robot locomotion. The former is used for the swinging (or unconstrained) leg and the latter for the supporting (or constrained) leg. This article also suggests that the impedance parameters be changed depending on the gait phase of the biped robot. To reduce the magnitude of the impact and to guarantee a stable footing during foot contact with the ground, the damping of the leg is increased drastically at the moment of contact. Computer simulations of a biped robot, with 3 DOF in each leg and the environment represented by a 3-DOF environment model composed of linear and nonlinear compliant elements, were performed. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed controller is superior to that of the computed-torque controller, especially in reducing impact and stabilizing the footing. They also show that the proposed controller makes the biped robot more robust to the uncertainties in its own parameters as well as in its environment. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characteristics of iron uptake from hydroxamate siderophores by<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>and the correlation between uptake and reduction (1984)

Iron uptake by Chlorella vulgaris from ferric‐rhodotorulic acid (Fe(III)‐RA), ferrioximine B (Fe(III)‐DFOB), ferric‐caffeic acid (Fe(III)‐Caf) and ferric‐citrate (Fe(III)‐Cit) was investigated to further describe this uptake and probe the possible link between ferric reduction and iron uptake. Fe‐59 was used to follow iron uptake, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to observe the reduction of ferric iron. Maximal growth occured when excess chelator was used. Iron was taken up in a biphasic manner with a rapid initial rate that after five minutes slowed to a linear rate of uptake. Cyanide decreased the first, rapid rate for Fe(III)‐RA and Fe(III)‐DFOB, while having no apparent effect on the slower rate. This slow rate was sensitive to 10 μM carbonylcyanide m ‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Ferric reduction was closely correlated to iron uptake with Fe(III)‐RA and Fe(III)‐DFOB, while the EPR method does not appear to be applicable to Fe(III)‐Cit. CCCP inhibits uptake and reduction for both Fe(III)‐RA and Fe(III)‐DFOB. The data indicate a possible need for energy to both reduce ferric iron and take up iron from these chelates. It remains to be shown whether uptake and reduction are steps in the same mechanism.
Whole-genome comparison of two Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a single patient, where resistance developed during tigecycline therapy (2011)

This study demonstrates that significant differences were detectable between two bacterial isolates recovered 1 week apart from the same patient, and reveals the potential of whole-genome sequencing as a tool for elucidating the processes responsible for changes in antibiotic susceptibility profiles.
MATCH—a new high-level relational operator for pattern matching (1987)

Pattern matching is a common and fundamental operation of many applications, such as expert systems (ES). With continued growth the knowledge bases of such systems will need database management systems (DBMS) support. Providing this support will require extending DBMS to meet the needs of these systems. We have developed an operator that extends the relational data model to do pattern matching with very complex stored patterns.
Analysis of Shape Memory Properties of Polyurethane Nanocomposites (2009)

The effects of nano-size fillers on shape memory (SM) properties of polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites were evaluated.Organoclay, carbon nanofiber (CNF), oxidized carbon nanofiber (ox-CNF), silicon carbide (SiC), and carbon black (CB) were selected as the fillers in an attempt to reinforce the PU and to obtain significantly increased shape recovery stress.The shape memory PU was synthesized from diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol, and poly(caprolactone)diol, the latter with a molecular weight of 4000 g/mol.The composites were prepared by melt mixing of extended chain PU with the fillers.The shape memory behavior was triggered by heating the specimen above the melting point of the crystalline soft segment.Our results indicated that exfoliated organoclay significantly augmented SM performance, while CNF and SiC diminished it by interfering with crystallization of the soft segment.The shape memory properties reduced significantly beyond a certain loading of CB.Better SM performance with organoclay can be attributed to significant mechanical reinforcement and very little detrimental effect on the soft segment crystallinity.The reduction of soft segment crystallinity in the presence of CNF and SiC was analyzed.It was found that the extent of crystallinity, as well as the crystallization temperature, was significantly reduced in the presence of these fillers.The effects of thermal expansion on shape memory performance
R. de Roover, The business organisation of the Plantin Press in the setting of sixteenth century (1962)

Lapeyre Henri. R. de Roover, The business organisation of the Plantin Press in the setting of sixteenth century. In: Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 17ᵉ année, N. 1, 1962. p. 177.
Dental composites reinforced with hydroxyapatite: Mechanical behavior and absorption/elution characteristics (2001)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior in water as well as the mechanical and surface properties of experimental composites designed for dental restoration. Studied materials were composed of a visible-light-cured monomer mixture as a matrix (bisphenol-alpha-glycidyl methacrylate with triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and either micrometric or nanometric hydroxyapatite (HA) particles as a reinforcing filler. The surface of the filler particles was modified by using different coupling agents (citric, hydroxysuccinic, acrylic, or methacrylic acid). The hydrolytic stability of the evaluated materials was studied through elution-in-water and water-uptake tests. Mechanical and surface properties were examined through the results of flexural, hardness, and surface roughness tests. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each variable. Analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests were performed. Materials containing bisphenol-alpha-glycidyl methacrylate:triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate and micrometric-HA coated with citrate, acrylate, or methacrylate displayed the most favorable results. Improvements should be obtained by increasing the total filler amount, and by the introduction of nanometric-HA filler into a micrometric-HA reinforced composite resin system.
A Spectral Conversion Approach to Single-Channel Speech Enhancement (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, a novel method for single-channel speech enhancement is proposed, which is based on a spectral conversion feature denoising approach. Spectral conversion has been applied previously in the context of voice conversion, and has been shown to successfully transform spectral features with particular statistical properties into spectral features that best fit (with the constraint of a piecewise linear transformation) different target statistics. This spectral transformation is applied as an initialization step to two well-known single channel enhancement methods, namely the iterative Wiener filter (IWF) and a particular iterative implementation of the Kalman filter. In both cases, spectral conversion is shown here to provide a significant improvement as opposed to initializations using the spectral features directly from the noisy speech. In essence, the proposed approach allows for applying these two algorithms in a user-centric manner, when “clean” speech training data are available from a particular speaker. The extra step of spectral conversion is shown to offer significant advantages regarding output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement over the conventional initializations, which can reach 2 dB for the IWF and 6 dB for the Kalman filtering algorithm, for low input SNRs and for white and colored noise, respectively. </para>
Image-Based Color Schemes (2007)

This paper presents a novel method for generating color schemes based on images intended to anchor color designs. This has wide applicability for Web pages, printed materials, or other applications where images are used as a key part of the overall design. Unlike methods that are variants of color quantization and try to pixel-wise approximate the image, this method draws on graphic-design principles by emphasizing hue selection first, weighting effects of color by saturation, and considering the local spatial coherency in order to determine the overall visual impact of a color. Results demonstrate that the method generalizes to a wide range of images, choosing visually important elements of the coloration of the source image.
Silicon-based ceramics from polymer precursors (2002)

Abstract A hyperbranched polycarbosilane of the type [R 3 SiCH 2 −] x [−SiR 2 CH 2 −] y [−SiR(CH 2 −) 1.5 ] z [−Si(CH 2 −) 2 ] l (R = H, –CH 2 CH=CH 2 , or OR) has been prepared, which was used as a source of inorganic/organic hybrid materials and, through pyrolysis, as a precursor to inorganic solids with unusual microstructures and properties. A partially allyl-substituted derivative “AHPCS”, nominally ['Si(allyl) 0.1 H 0.9 CH 2 '] n , has been extensively studied as a precursor to silicon carbide (SiC) and is now used commercially as a SiC matrix source for C- and SiC-fiber-reinforced composites and binder for particulate ceramics. The alkoxy derivatives, ['Si(OR) 2 CH 2 '], (R = Me, Et) yield, after hydrolysis and condensation, carbosilane/siloxane gels with unusually high surface areas (700–900 m 2 /g) and microporosity that is retained in the resultant SiO x C y ceramics formed after pyrolysis to 1000 °C. The fully condensed ['Si(O)CH 2 '] gel in the latter case was obtained as thin, adherent films on Si surfaces by spin coating and was found to exhibit dielectric constants as low as 2.0 after heating to 400 °C. The SiC precursor, AHPCS, has also been used recently, along with other polymeric precursors, to make two-phase (SiC/C and SiC/BN) amorphous ceramics that exhibit unusual microstructures and thermal/mechanical properties. These microstructures are formed during the mixing and thermosetting of the constituent polymers, which undergo phase separation due to their immiscibility. Certain of the SiC/C composites, which have the C phase uniformly distributed as ca.1-µm droplets in a SiC x matrix, exhibit high oxidation resistance, and microindentation tests on the SiC/BN system suggest unusual toughness.