gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3‘-End Conjugates of Minimally Phosphorothioate-Protected Oligonucleotides with 1-<i>O</i>-Hexadecylglycerol:  Synthesis and Anti-<i>ras</i> Activity in Radiation-Resistant Cells (2000)

Activation of the ras oncogene has been implicated in many types of human tumors. It has been shown that downmodulation of ras expression can lead to the reversion of the transformed phenotype of these tumor cells. Antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) can inhibit gene expression by hybridization to complementary mRNA sequences. To minimize toxicity associated with all-phosphorothioated ODNs and improve cellular uptake, we used partially phosphorothioate (PPS)-modified ODNs having an additional hydrophobic tail at the 3'-end (PPS-C(16)). The PPS ODNs are protected against degradation by PS internucleotide linkages at both the 3'- and 5'-ends and additionally stabilized at internal pyrimidine sites, which are the major sites of endonuclease cleavage. Here we show that anti-ras PPS-C(16) ODN retains the high sequence-specificity of PPS ODNs and provides maximal inhibition of Ras p21 synthesis with minimal toxicity even without the use of a cellular uptake enhancer. Moreover, treatment of T24, a radiation-resistant human tumor cell line that carries a mutant ras gene, with anti-ras PPS-C(16) ODN resulted in a reduction in the radiation resistance of the cells in vitro. We also demonstrate that the growth of RS504 (a human c-Ha-ras transformed NIH/3T3 cell line) mouse tumors was significantly inhibited by the combination of intratumoral injection of anti-ras PPS-C(16) ODN and radiation treatment. These findings indicate the potential of this combination of antisense and conventional radiation therapy as a highly effective cancer treatment modality.
New predictive classified vector quantisation scheme for image compression (1994)

A new image coding method using predictive classified vector quantisation (PCVQ) is proposed. The image is first divided into different subsources using a two-stage classification method based on the optimum three-level block truncation coding technique. Each subsource is then vector quantised using different codebooks. Simulation results show that an improvement of about 2 to 6 dB in PSNR performance over the JPEG scheme is obtained at the rate of 0.4375 bit/pixel.
A New Microprocessor-Controlled Dynamic Olfactometer (1981)

Abstract The assessment and abatement of odorous emissions requires odor measurements to determine the magnitude of the problem and the effectiveness of control measures. This paper discusses a new concept in dynamic olfactometers designed to investigate a new approach to odor measurement. Thermal mass flowmeters, with microprocessor controlled flow and automatic valving, supply variable levels of concentrated odorant and clean dilution air to a static mixing device. The accurate and reproducible dilutions are presented to panelists through special funnels, and can be delivered to analyzers to verify the accuracy of dilution. The calibration and design details are discussed. Possible applications and future modifications are also examined.
Two-phase damage theory and crustal rock failure: the theoretical ‘void’ limit, and the prediction of experimental data (2003)

Using a classical averaging approach, we derive a two-phase theory to describe the deformation of a porous material made of a matrix containing voids. The presence and evolution of surface energy at the interface between the solid matrix and voids is taken into account with non-equilibrium thermodynamic considerations that allow storage of deformational work as surface energy on growing or newly created voids. This treatment leads to a simple description of isotropic damage that can be applied to low-cohesion media such as sandstone. In particular, the theory yields two possible solutions wherein samples can either ‘break’ by shear localization with dilation (i.e. void creation), or undergo shear-enhanced compaction (void collapse facilitated by deviatoric stress). For a given deviatoric stress and confining pressure, the dominant solution is that with the largest absolute value of the dilation rate, |Γ|, which thus predicts that shear-localization and dilation occur at low effective pressures, while shear-enhanced compaction occurs at larger effective pressure. Stress trajectories of constant |Γ| represent potential failure envelopes that are ogive- (Gothic-arch-) shaped curves, wherein the ascending branch represents failure by dilation and shear-localization, and the descending branch denotes shear-enhanced compactive failure. The theory further predicts that the onset of dilation preceding shear-localization and failure necessarily occurs at the transition from compactive to dilational states and thus along a line connecting the peaks of constant-|Γ| ogives. Finally, the theory implies that while shear-enhanced compaction first occurs with increasing deviatoric stress (at large effective pressure), dilation will occur at higher deviatoric stresses. All of these predictions in fact compare very successfully with various experimental data. Indeed, the theory leads to a normalization where all the data of failure envelopes and dilation thresholds collapse to a single curve.
Three-Demensional Widgets (1992)

The 3D components of today’s user interfaces are still underdeveloped. Direct interaction with 3D objects has been limited thus far to gestural picking, manipulation with linear transformations, and simple camera motion. Further, there are no toolkits for building 3D user interfaces. We present a system which allows experimentation with 3D widgets, encapsulated 3D geometry and behavior. Our widegets are first-class objects in the same 3D environment used to develop the application. This integration of widgets and application objects provides a higher bandwidth between interface and application than exits in more traditional UI tooklit-based interfaces. We hope to allow user-interface designers to build highly interactive 3D environments more easily than is possible with today’s tools.
BINARY: an optical freezing array for assessing temperature and time dependence of heterogeneous ice nucleation (2015)

Abstract. A new optical freezing array for the study of heterogeneous ice nucleation in microliter-sized droplets is introduced, tested and applied to the study of immersion freezing in aqueous Snomax® suspensions. In the Bielefeld Ice Nucleation ARraY (BINARY) ice nucleation can be studied simultaneously in 36 droplets at temperatures down to −40 °C (233 K) and at cooling rates between 0.1 and 10 K min−1. The droplets are separated from each other in individual compartments, thus preventing a Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen type water vapor transfer between droplets as well as avoiding the seeding of neighboring droplets by formation and surface growth of frost halos. Analysis of freezing and melting occurs via an automated real-time image analysis of the optical brightness of each individual droplet. As an application ice nucleation in water droplets containing Snomax® at concentrations from 1 ng mL−1 to 1 mg mL−1 was investigated. Using different cooling rates, a small time dependence of ice nucleation induced by two different classes of ice nucleators (INs) contained in Snomax® was detected and the corresponding heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficient was quantified. The observed time dependence is smaller than those of other types of INs reported in the literature, suggesting that the BINARY setup is suitable for quantifying time dependence for most other INs of atmospheric interest, making it a useful tool for future investigations.
Neonatal Neurobehavioral Examination (1988)

A new neonatal neurobehavioral examination (NNE) was designed in response to the need for a more quantitative assessment of neonatal neurological status. The NNE consists of 27 items divided into three sections: 1) tone and motor patterns, 2) primitive reflexes, and 3) behavioral responses. Each section consists of 9 items scored on a three-point scale. Fifty-four healthy full-term infants were examined at 2 days of age and demonstrated total NNE scores ranging from 70 to a maximum possible score of 81 (X = 76, s = 1.03). Mean section scores for these infants ranged from 25.3 to 26.6 (s = .59-1.79). Intertester agreement was 88% by item and 95% by total score in each section. Two hundred ninety-eight high-risk infants were then examined at 37 to 40 weeks conceptional age (gestational age plus chronological age) or at discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit, whichever occurred first. Total NNE mean scores for high-risk infants fell into discrete clusters by conceptional age at the time of examination (37-42 weeks, mean score = 66.5; 34-36 weeks, mean score = 60.7; less than 34 weeks, mean score = 51.1). Similar clustering occurred for the three section scores. Highly significant differences existed between the three conceptional age groups for total scores and section scores. No clinically significant score differences were associated with severity of illness or gestational age at birth. The results of this study suggest that the NNE easily and reliably assesses infants' neonatal neurobehavioral status at a given conceptional age. Additional studies are in progress to determine the value of the NNE in predicting subsequent developmental disabilities.
Platelet Protease Nexin-1, a Serpin That Strongly Influences Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis (2011)

Our results reveal that platelet PN-1 can be considered as a new important regulator of thrombolysis in vivo. Inhibition of PN-1 is thus predicted to promote endogenous and exogenous tissue plasminogen activator-mediated fibrinolysis and may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of thrombolytic agents.
How should we manage anaemia in patients with diabetes? (2002)

Anaemia is an important component of diabetic nephropathy but only recently has it attracted the attention of diabetologists and nephrologists. In diabetic patients, anaemia is the result of diminished erythropoietin production and, to a lesser degree, of increased excretion of erythropoietin in the urine, whereas erythropoietin responsiveness remains unchanged. Although erythropoietin concentrations are predictive of the rate of progression of renal disease, epidemiological studies have failed to show lower haemoglobin concentrations in patients with diabetic compared with non-diabetic renal disease with impaired renal function. However, inappropriately low erythropoietin concentrations and anaemia have been reported in subcohorts of diabetic patients. Further studies are required to determine whether reversal of anaemia has beneficial effects on microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications, particularly cardiac disease, retinopathy and peripheral arterial disease.
Resonant frequency of cylindrical dielectric resonator placed in an MIC environment (1990)

An effective dielectric constant technique to determine the resonant frequency of the TE/sub 01 delta / mode of a cylindrical dielectric resonator placed in a microwave integrated circuit (MIC) environment is discussed. An expression for the dielectric constant epsilon /sub eff/ which makes it possible to obtain results that compare favorably with rigorous methods is given. Experimental results demonstrating the method's validity are also reported. For a given resonant frequency, closed-form expressions for computing the height of the resonator are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determination of proline in human serum by a robust LC‐MS/MS method: application to identification of human metabolites as candidate biomarkers for esophageal cancer early detection and risk stratification (2014)

Altered serum proline levels are related to cancer metabolism. This study developed and validated a LC-MS/MS method to analyze proline in human serum. Surrogate blank serum, coupled with stable isotope l-proline-(13) C5 ,(15) N as internal standard, was used for generating standard curves ranging from 2.5 to 100 μg/mL. Proline was extracted from serum samples using methanol. A Phenomenex Lux 5u Cellulose-1 column (250 × 4.6 mm) was used for chromatographic separation with 40% methanol in 0.05% formic acid aqueous solution as a mobile phase. Mass detection was performed under positive ionization electrospray. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were <10%. The extraction recovery and matrix factor were 99.17 and 1.47%, respectively. Our study showed that the chiral column had high specificity and selectivity for separating proline from serum components. The assay was successfully applied for the quantification of human serum proline levels from 30 esophageal cancer patients and 30 healthy volunteers. Statistical analyses showed significantly lower levels of serum proline in the patients as compared with the healthy volunteers (p-value = 0.011). We report here a simple, specific and reproducible LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of proline in human serum as a potential screening biomarker for esophageal cancer.
Role of ZNF143 in tumor growth through transcriptional regulation of DNA replication and cell‐cycle‐associated genes (2010)

The cell cycle is strictly regulated by numerous mechanisms to ensure cell division. The transcriptional regulation of cell-cycle-related genes is poorly understood, with the exception of the E2F family that governs the cell cycle. Here, we show that a transcription factor, zinc finger protein 143 (ZNF143), positively regulates many cell-cycle-associated genes and is highly expressed in multiple solid tumors. RNA-interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of ZNF143 showed that expression of 152 genes was downregulated in human prostate cancer PC3 cells. Among these ZNF143 targets, 41 genes (27%) were associated with cell cycle and DNA replication including cell division cycle 6 homolog (CDC6), polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and minichromosome maintenance complex component (MCM) DNA replication proteins. Furthermore, RNAi of ZNF143 induced apoptosis following G2/M cell cycle arrest. Cell growth of 10 lung cancer cell lines was significantly correlated with cellular expression of ZNF143. Our data suggest that ZNF143 might be a master regulator of the cell cycle. Our findings also indicate that ZNF143 is a member of the growing list of non-oncogenes that are promising cancer drug targets.
Effects of the Intramolecular NH···S Hydrogen Bond in Mononuclear Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes with 2,2‘-Bipyridine and Benzenethiol Derivatives (2005)

A series of complexes, [M(bpy)(SAr)2] (M = platinum(II) or palladium(II), bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, SAr = 2- or 4-(acylamino)benzenethiolate, or 2-(alkylcarbamoyl)benzenethiolate), were synthesized and characterized on the basis of 1H NMR, IR, and electrochemical properties. The structures of [Pt(bpy)(S-2-Ph3CCONHC6H4)2] (1) and [Pt(bpy)(S-2-t-BuNHCOC6H4)2] (3) were determined by X-ray analysis. The complexes have intramolecular NH...S hydrogen bonds between the amide NH group and the sulfur atom. A weak NH...S hydrogen bond in these complexes and [Pd(bpy)(S-2-Ph3CCONHC6H4)2] (4) is detected from the 1H NMR spectra and the IR spectra in chloroform and in the solid state. [Pt(bpy)(S-2-Ph3CCONHC6H4)2] (1) exhibits a remarkably high-energy-shifted lowest-energy band in UV-visible spectra and has a positively shifted oxidation potential. The blue-shift of 42 nm and the positive shift of +0.24 V, as compared to those of [Pt(bpy)(SC6H5)2), are due to the effect of the NH...S hydrogen bond.
Über die Umsetzung von Bromdiacetyl sowie alicyclischen 1‐Chlor‐dionen‐(2.3) mit primären und sekundären Aminen zu Reduktonen und einige Eigenschaften der Produkte (1965)

Abstract Aus verschiedenen Halogendiketonen wurden mit primären und sekundären Aminen aci‐Reduktone dargestellt. Die aus sekundären Aminen erhaltenen Verbindungen sind gleich oder analog solchen, die bei der Einwirkung von Salzen sekundärer Amine auf Zucker erhalten werden. Insbesondere die aus Bromdiacetyl gewonnenen Produkte wurden in ihrer Struktur sowie in ihrem Verhalten bei der Hydrolyse und Hydrierung näher untersucht.
Purification and characterization of a cytosolic protein enhancing GSH-dependent microsomal iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodination. (1985)

A protein has been purified from rat liver cytosol which promoted GSH-responsive iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activities in rat kidney microsomes. The factor behaved as a basic protein with an Mr of 11,000. It was active as a GSH-disulfide transhydrogenase with beta-hydroxyethyl disulfide as an acceptor and was also active in stimulating calf thymus ribonucleotide reductase with one-third the potency of native calf thymus glutaredoxin. Another basic protein, which degraded iodothyronines oxidatively, was also identified in the cytosolic preparations; this co-purified with soluble protein factor in the earlier purification stages and was partially separated from this factor by CM-cellulose chromatography. The glutaredoxin-like protein present in rat liver and kidney cytosol could provide a physiologic regulatory mechanism for GSH-dependent 5'-monodeiodination of iodothyronines.
Death Receptor Signaling and Its Function in the Immune System (2005)

Death receptors belong to the TNF (tumor necrosis factor)/NGF (nerve growth factor) receptor superfamily. Signaling via death receptors plays a distinct role, e.g. in the immune system, where it contributes to regulation of the adaptive immune response in various ways, most notably by triggering activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T cells. Thus, dysregulation of death receptor signaling, either allowing too much or too little apoptosis, can lead to autoimmune disorders and also impacts on tumorigenesis or other diseases. In this chapter we address components, molecular mechanisms and regulation of death receptor signaling with particular focus on CD95 (APO-1, Fas). We discuss the role of death receptor-mediated AICD in regulation of the adaptive immune response against foreign and self antigens in comparison to cytokine deprivation-mediated death by neglect. Finally, the contribution of dysregulated death receptor/ligand systems to autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is discussed.
Synthesis of organic chromophores for use in electro-optic polymers (2018)

One of the most rapidly advancing technologies in the field of optoelectronics is optical modulation, with recent research focusing on the use of organic chromophore-containing polymers to achieve this modulation. These polymer-based optical modulators achieve modulation speeds far beyond their mechanical or electronic counterparts, and further success in this field could pave the way for future technologies such as LiFi (light-based WiFi) communications and LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging).<br/><br/>In collaboration with the Optoelectronics Research Centre at the University of Southampton, this project has been centred around synthesising organic chromophores and chromophore-containing polymers for use in the department’s optical modulators, with an aim of synthesising several novel chromophores by the end of the project.<br/><br/>Over the course of the project a PMMA-chromophore copolymer was made from the commercially available chromophore Disperse Red 1 and several steps of a multi-step chromophore synthesis were completed. However, due to repeated failures of several of the steps the final stage of the chromophore synthesis was not completed, although the results from tests of these steps under different conditions may prove useful for future attempts of this project.
Characterization of strength properties of thin polycrystalline silicon films for MEMS applications (2007)

ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to characterize the strength properties of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) with the use of tensile and bending test specimens. The strength of thin polysilicon films with different geometry, size and stress concentrations has been measured and correlated with the effective size of the specimen and its stress distribution. The test results are evaluated using a probabilistic strength approach based on the weakest link theory with the use of STAU software. The use of statistic methods of strength prediction of polysilicon test structures with a complex geometry and loading based on test values for standard material tests specimen has been evaluated.
Influence of the Vorticity at the Membrane Surface on the Performances of the Ultrafiltration Rotating Module (1986)

Abstract The performances of a rotating module during the ultrafiltration of oily emulsions have been studied and correlated with the vorticity at the membrane surface. Thus, a fully transparent module has been assembled and the size and shape of the vortices observed as functions of the rotational speed and the clearance of the annular gap around the membrane. The influence of the roughness and profile of the inner wall of the module has also been investigated. Photographs of the vortices have been correlated to the actual performances of a steel module. Evidence has been found relating the permeate flux and the size of the vortices.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticle Films for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications (2011)

Films of titanium oxide nanocrystalline particles (P25) were deposited using an electrophoretic deposition. The film’s characteristics were tuned for applications in dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrophoretic deposition allows control of film characteristics such as porosity and thickness by changing deposition parameters, such as the electric field and deposition time. To increase the efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells with films created using electrophoretic deposition, the problem of an electrolyte contamination in the film, which occurred during deposition, was addressed. With the proper chemical post treatment, efficiency of 2.93% with fill factor of 0.55 was obtained when the films were annealed at 450℃. A low annealing temperature of 150℃ resulted in efficiencys of 1.99% with fill factor of 0.68. When the P25 was replaced by hydrothermally fabricated titanium oxide nanocrystalline particles, efficiency of 4.91% with fill factor of 0.55 was obtained.
Vacuum switching, a well proven technology has found its way into resistance-type load tap changers (2002)

For 30 years vacuum interrupters have been successfully integrated into reactance-type load tap changers (LTCs). This proven technology is now finally becoming available for resistance-type LTCs. This document explains the technological developments that enabled the introduction of vacuum interrupters into resistance-type LTCs and describes the switching principles of reactance- and the newest resistance-type LTCs that utilize vacuum interrupters. Additionally the advantages of the vacuum technology with respect to reliability, contact life, mechanical life, inspection cycles and economy are discussed.