gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and functional characterization of a eucaryotic DNA photolyase gene from<i>Neurospora crassa</i> (1991)

We cloned a genomic fragment of a photolyase gene from Neurospora crassa by polymerase chain reaction using synthesized oligonucleotide primers designed from the most conserved amino acid sequences among photolyases of various organisms. Using the cloned fragment as a hybridization probe we isolated a genomic fragment and cDNA clones encoding the complete photolyase gene of this organism. The amino acid sequence of the photolyase deduced from the determined nucleotide sequence indicates a protein consisting of 615 amino acid residues (Mr 69,971), which is most similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Like yeast photolyase it contains a protruding amino terminus which is missing in photolyases of bacterial origin. Comparison of amino acids sequences among six photolyases suggests that the Neurospora crassa photolyase is more similar to photolyases of pterin type than those of deazaflavin type.
New developments in the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a focus on apremilast (2013)

Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, most commonly resulting in the occurrence of red and silver scaly plaques. About 30% of psoriasis sufferers develop psoriatic arthritis (PsA), a disorder that presents with additional joint inflammation and other clinical features. At present, the most effective treatment for moderate and severe psoriasis and PsA are biologics such as antitumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. Biologics are costly and typically require repeated injections; hence, the development of novel, orally available, small molecular inhibitors that are less expensive to produce is highly desirable. The phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor apremilast is a small molecular inhibitor that acts by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, ultimately suppressing tumor necrosis alpha production. Apremilast has been tested in a number of psoriasis and PsA pilot and Phase II trials to evaluate its efficacy and safety. More recently, three larger double-blinded, and randomized multicenter studies demonstrate that apremilast is efficacious in the treatment of psoriasis and PsA, with significantly higher numbers of apremilast-treated patients achieving endpoints of a 75% reduction compared to baseline in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI-75) or American College of Rheumatology-20 scores, relative to placebo. This encouraging data, along with a tolerable incidence of mild to moderate adverse events, has led to the initiation of several large Phase III trials that aim to further validate apremilast as a treatment for psoriasis and PsA. Here, we provide an overview of the current treatments for psoriasis and PsA, and summarize the findings from multiple Phase II clinical trials where the effects of apremilast in the treatment of psoriasis and PsA patients have been investigated. Keywords: apremilast, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Furo-chromones and -Coumarins. VII. Degradation of Visnagin, Khellin and Related Substances; Experiments with Chromic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide; and a Synthesis of Eugenitin (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFuro-chromones and -Coumarins. VII. Degradation of Visnagin, Khellin and Related Substances; Experiments with Chromic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide; and a Synthesis of EugenitinAlexander Schönberg, Nasry Badran, and Nicolas A. StarkowskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 20, 4992–4995Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01116a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (545 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Complete Analysis of HA and NA Genes of Influenza A Viruses (2010)

We analyzed 18,975 HA sequences and divided them into 280 subgroups according to multivariate and phylogenetic analyses. Similarly, we divided 11,362 NA sequences into 202 subgroups. Compared to previous analyses, this work is more detailed and comprehensive, especially for the bigger datasets. Therefore, it can be used to show the full and complex phylogenetic diversity and provides a framework for studying the molecular evolution and epidemiology of type A influenza virus. For more than 85% of type A influenza HA and NA sequences into GenBank, they are categorized in one unambiguous and unique group. Therefore, our results are a kind of genetic and phylogenetic annotation for influenza HA and NA sequences. In addition, sequences of swine influenza viruses come from 56 HA and 45 NA subgroups. Most of these subgroups also include viruses from other hosts indicating cross species transmission of the viruses between pigs and other hosts. Furthermore, the phylogenetic diversity of swine influenza viruses from Eurasia is greater than that of North American strains and both of them are becoming more diverse. Apart from viruses from human, pigs, birds and horses, viruses from other species show very low phylogenetic diversity. This might indicate that viruses have not become established in these species. Based on current evidence, there is no simple pattern of inter-hemisphere transmission of avian influenza viruses and it appears to happen sporadically. However, for H6 subtype avian influenza viruses, such transmissions might have happened very frequently and multiple and bidirectional transmission events might exist.
Drilling Technology: Present Trends and Future Prospects (1983)

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the subject of how new technology can be expected to influence future drilling engineering and drilling operations. The work is based upon a review of past developments in drilling technology; a survey of current research and development efforts; personal contacts; and recent workshops, publications and presentations. The impact of measurements while drilling, Polycrystalline Diamond Compact bits, downhole motors, and utilization of computers is discussed with regard to future developments of computer aided drilling, drilling optimization and hole direction control. Recent work by others on measurements while drilling, drilling simulators, and drilling optimization has been extended to emphasize setting goals for future drilling technology developments.
Optimizing a Physical Security Configuration Using a Highly Detailed Simulation Model (2009)

This research is focused on using a highly detailed simulation model to create a physical security system to prevent intrusions in a building. Security consists of guards and security cameras. The problem is represented as a binary optimization problem. A new heuristic is proposed to do the security configuration optimization, the Hybrid Genetic Ant Optimization (HGAO). This heuristic combines a genetic algorithm (GA) and an ant colony optimization (ACO). HGAO is compared with GA for two security optimization scenarios.
Status of farm housing in Iowa (1935)

The house is the center of family life, the meeting place of friends, and many productive activities are carried on here. The beauty, comfort, convenience, privacy and spaciousness of a house and its facilities contribute much to the joy of living and the development of people who inhabit it. The recent increased interest accorded housing is the result of a growing recognition that in order to raise the American standard of living, something must be done to improve housing.\nTo promote better housing it is necessary first of all to know the facts. This bulletin attempts to present certain important facts concerning Iowa farm housing. In doing so the bulletin should be of interest to farm families and to all teachers, social leaders and others who are concerned with farm problems and who strive to be realistic in dealing with present-day problems. It should also be of interest to manufacturers and distributors of building and home equipment, since it reveals a large potential market for the products of many industries.
A Single-Ended Push-Pull Audio Amplifier (1952)

An amplifier circuit for push-pull operation of two output tubes that provides a direct output to a grounded load is described. This circuit avoids any necessity for close magnetic coupling between halves of a split primary of an output transformer; it does not use any interstage coupling transformer; and its simplifies the application of feedback from the output stage to preceding single-ended stages. Methods for using this circuit with triode and beam-power output tubes are given, and the ultimate possibility of eliminating the output transformer for driving a loudspeaker is discussed.
Specification of Models Based on Contexts using Graph Grammars (2013)

This paper presents an approach for model specification in the context of Model Checking, using graph grammars. The choice for this formal method is justified by the visual language provided by Graph Grammar and the possibility of using it to check properties of a system. Our approach is based on the analysis of a graph grammar obtained from trace information generated by Java applications. The process of creating such graph grammar from execution traces follows the main ideas of an existing approach that allows the generation of labeled transition systems from Java code. The main objective of this work is to find a way to automate the process of generating a graph grammar, using the information extracted from the source code and execution traces. For this, we developed an algorithm that maps system information, such as values of variables and possible transitions between states of a program, to rules of a graph grammar. To evaluate the methodology used in our approach, we conducted two experiments with toy applications and discuss the results obtained.
The role of experimental models in developing new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome (2011)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by chronic, recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits and is currently defined by symptom criteria and the absence of detectable organic disease. The underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Despite considerable efforts by the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry to develop novel pharmacological treatments aimed at chronic visceral pain, the traditional approach to identifying and evaluating novel drugs for this target have largely failed to translate into effective IBS treatments. However, several novel drugs aimed at normalizing bowel movements have produced clinical effects, not only on the primary target, but also on pain and discomfort. While some of the commonly used experimental animal models for the pain dimension of IBS have some face and construct validity, the predictive validity of most of the models is either unknown, or has been disappointing. A reverse translational approach is proposed, which is based on identification and characterization of brain endophenotypes in patients, followed by translation of these endophenotypes for pharmacological studies in rodent models.
<i>In vitro</i> performance assessment of new brushite‐forming Zn‐ and ZnSr‐substituted β‐TCP bone cements (2010)

The present study investigated the in vitro performance of brushite-forming Zn- and ZnSr-substituted beta-TCP bone cements in terms of wet mechanical strength and biological response. Quantitative phase analysis and structural refinement of the powdered samples were performed by X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement technique. Initial and final setting times of the cement pastes, measured using Gilmore needles technique, showed that ZnSrCPC sets faster than ZnCPC. The measured values of the wet strength after 48 h of immersion in PBS solution at 37 degrees C showed that ZnSrCPC cements are stronger than ZnCPC cements. Human osteosarcoma-derived MG63 cell line proved the nontoxicity of the cement powders, using the resazurin metabolic assay.
Outsourcery: Simply extending home automation using plugins (2015)

HomeWizard B.V. is looking to expand the range of compatible TCP/IP devices for its home automation hub. To this end, the company wants to use third-party plugins that control these devices. To allow even people with little programming experience to make devices compatible with the HomeWizard hub, these plugins have to be easy to create. These demands pose an interesting challenge: to create a system that is flexible enough to control hundreds of different devices, while being simple enough to be used by people with little programming experience. During the research phase of the project, existing home automation solutions were studied, as well as home automation techniques. The clients current position in the market was also researched to get a better understanding of the clients needs. During the implementation of the product, scrum was applied to manage the project. Prototypes were created in sprints of two weeks. A final prototype, called Outsourcery, is delivered at the end of the project. Outsourcery is a flexible home automation solution, facilitating the use of plugins to extend compatibility with both devices and network protocols. Outsourcery has been tested using unit tests and manual testing. An acceptance test determined that the creation of plugins is relatively easy. Outsourcery is a good start towards a universal home automation solution. However, it has still some way to go before it reaches maturity. Some required steps have been detailed in the report. Furthermore, some recommendations are done regarding the development of a plugin developer platform and making said platform available to customers.
Storytelling: a way of connecting. (1995)

Storytelling is a way of knowing, in nursing, that which we have taken for granted. It is a powerful way to communicate with students, patients, and colleagues. A well-told story has the capability of remaining vivid in memory long after facts and figures are forgotten. This essay describes how storytelling can facilitate the processes of nursing education, practice, and research.
Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor Inhibits the Action of Nerve Growth Factor in PC12 Cells (1998)

Previous studies have shown that the ceramide analogue, D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamin-3-morpholino-propanol (D-PDMP), inhibits glucosylceramide synthase and thus leads to extensive depletion of glycosphingolipids derived from glucosyl ceramide. Our previous studies have shown that cholera toxin B subunit, which specifically binds to the cell surface ganglioside GM1, and GM1 itself can enhance the action of nerve growth factor (NGF) in responsive cells by enhancing the NGF-induced autophosphorylation of the high affinity NGF receptor, Trk. Using D-PDMP, we examined the effects of the inhibition of the biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids on intracellular NGF signaling pathway. D-PDMP was found to inhibit NGF-induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Moreover, D-PDMP clearly inhibited NGF-induced autophosphorylation of Trk and prevented the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase, downstream targets of Trk-initiated intracellular protein kinase cascades. These effects of D-PDMP were abolished by the addition of GM1 but not by the addition of other ganglioside subspecies to the culture medium. Furthermore, the effect of D-PDMP seemed to be specific for the Trk receptor, because intracellular signaling pathway of epidermal growth factor was not affected by D-PDMP. Dimethylsphingosine and the cell-permeable analogue, C2-ceramide, did not show such a strong inhibitory effect on neurite outgrowth or on the autophosphorylation of Trk. The present results and our previous observations clearly demonstrate that Trk requires endogenous gangliosides, especially GM1, for its normal function in mediating the neurotrophic activity of NGF at least in PC12 cells.
Piecewise smooth subdivision surfaces with normal control (2000)

In this paper we introduce improved rules for Catmull-Clark and Loop subdivision that overcome several problems with the original schemes, namely, lack of smoothness at extraordinary boundary vertices and folds near concave corners. In addition, our approach to rule modification allows the generation of surfaces with prescribed normals, both on the boundary and in the interior, which considerably improves control of the shape of surfaces.
A capacitor's inductance: critical property for certain applications (2003)

An overview of the inductive properties of low-voltage capacitors is provided, answering the questions: what is inductance, how is it defined and how is it measured. Typical inductance values are presented to allow some comparisons of alternate capacitor technologies. Impedance vs. frequency and resonance phenomena are examined. Design techniques and choice of form factors and materials to reduce inductance are discussed. The paper includes an overview of the effects of substrate mounting techniques with an emphasis on recent high frequency applications.
Light Weight Solitary Beam Design to Meet Low Speed Vehicle Damageability and RCAR Impact Requirements (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Bumper systems play an important role in energy management during vehicle accidents. Bumpers beams are generally designed to withstand impacts of up to 4 km/h (ECE42, FMVSS-581) and need to withstand low speed 15 km/h offset insurance crash tests to determine damageability and repairability features (RCAR-42) of vehicle design. Globalization of Automotive industry is forcing the designers to propose those designs, which can be introduced, to market quickly and which have lower costs and better quality.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents work a novel design solution of a thermoplastic solitary bumper beam intended to reduce bumper weight and cost, meeting low speed damageability and RCAR impact requirements. A thermoplastic (PC/PBT) solitary beam is proposed that gives advantage of varied stiffness distribution along the vehicle width based on the impact requirements. Crash-Cans are designed at the corners and optimized for RCAR-42 requirement to insure minimum damage to vehicle front. Fascia supporting brackets are integrated to solitary beam and a single piece injection molded design solution is proposed.</div>
Die Kristallstrukturen der Hydroxyhalogenide Li<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>Br und Li<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>I (2003)

Abstract Mit Hilfe von Einkristall‐ und Röntgenpulverdaten wurden die Kristallstrukturen der Hydroxyhalogenide Li 4 (OH) 3 Br und Li 4 (OH) 3 I aufgeklärt. Li 4 (OH) 3 Br kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P 2 1 / m und ist isotyp zum leichteren Homologen Li 4 (OH) 3 Cl (Rietveld‐Verfeinerung; T = 293 K; a = 545, 41(1); b = 758, 13(1); c = 650, 20(1) pm; β = 93, 82(1)°; Z = 2; 300 unabhängige Reflexe; R p = 0, 106; R wp = 0, 109; R exp = 0, 081). Li 4 (OH) 3 I kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe Pmmn in einer Variante der LiOH Struktur, in der 1/4 der Hydroxid‐ durch Iodid‐Anionen ausgetauscht sind (Einkristallstrukturanalyse; T = 100 K; a = 1029, 5(4); b = 525, 9(2); c = 573, 2(2) pm; Z = 2; 392 unabhängige Reflexe; R 1 = 0, 0642).
Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms as an innovative approach to kill mucocutaneous and skin microorganisms. (2010)

In 2002, the first documented case of a vancomycin-resistant S. aureus strain (MIC>or=32 microg/mL) was reported. Nowadays approximately 20% of S. aureus isolates in Europe are reported as methicillin-resistant. Besides bacteria infections, the emergence of fungal infections has increased considerably due factors such as immunosuppressive medications, broad-spectrum antibiotics, neutropenia and HIV infections. These tremendous effects underline the importance and the urgency to develop new alternative treatment approaches that are effective against infections caused by multi-resistant pathogens. Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (PDIM) is considered as a new approach, which utilizes a photoactive dye, oxygen and visible light to generate reactive oxygen species, which damage irreversible the pathogens during illumination. Cutaneous diseases caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus or by fungal species are ideally suited to the treatment by PDIM for eradicating localized infections and for modulating wound healing due to the ability to deliver photosensitizer and light with topical application. The challenge of PDIM is to find a therapeutic window in vivo where multi-resistant microorganisms can be killed efficiently, thereby not harming the surrounding tissue or disturbing the residual bacteria-flora of the tissue. Different chemical classes of photosensitizers have demonstrate their potential to photoinactive Gram(+), Gram(-) and fungal cells. This review will focus on general photobiological and photochemical aspects of microbial inactivation by the photodynamic effect as well as to summarize the current knowledge about the possible application modalities of PDIM on localized infectious diseases in dermatology.
INTEGRATIVE MOTIVATION: CAUSE OR RESULT OF SUCCESSFUL SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION? (1984)

This study examines the relationship between integrative motivation and acquired second language proficiency among a group of Spanish‐speaking kindergartners in an American classroom. Integrative motivation was measured by finding out the children's preferences for friends and playmates and workmates and scoring them according to their tendencies to nominate members of the target language group. Communicative English proficiency was assessed by analyzing spontaneous language and deriving measures of structural knowledge, vocabulary breadth, and pronunciation skill. A Kendall's tau test showed no positive association between integrative motivation and acquired English proficiency. A further comparison of beginners and advanced level English speakers found that the advanced children showed significantly more integrative orientation to the target language group than the beginners, lending support to the notion that integrative attitudes follow second language acquisition skills rather than promoting them.
Laser Speckle Pattern-A Narrowband Noise Model (1970)

We represent by an electrical model the imaging of a one-dimensional coherently illuminated and diffusely reflecting surface by an optical system with a rectangular aperture. We then obtain the statistical properties of the image intensity from the statistical properties of the square of the envelope of a narrowband noise signal in the electrical model. The analysis is simple because use can be made of results known in communication theory. The results agree with those obtained in a direct way.