gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Production Efficiency of Virus-Like Particles by the Baculovirus Expression Vector System (2015)

Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) have proven effective in humans and animals. In this regard, the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is one of the technologies of choice to generate such highly immunogenic vaccines. The extended use of these vaccines for human and animal populations is constrained because of high production costs, therefore a significant improvement in productivity is crucial to ensure their commercial viability. Here we describe the use of the previously described baculovirus expression cassette, called TB, to model the production of two VLP-forming vaccine antigens in insect cells. Capsid proteins from porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2 Cap) and from the calicivirus that causes rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHDV VP60) were expressed in insect cells using baculoviruses genetically engineered with the TB expression cassette. Productivity was compared to that obtained using standard counterpart vectors expressing the same proteins under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Our results demonstrate that the use of the TB expression cassette increased the production yields of these vaccine antigens by around 300% with respect to the standard vectors. The recombinant proteins produced by TB-modified vectors were fully functional, forming VLPs identical in size and shape to those generated by the standard baculoviruses, as determined by electron microscopy analysis. The use of the TB expression cassette implies a simple modification of the baculovirus vectors that significantly improves the cost efficiency of VLP-based vaccine production, thereby facilitating the commercial viability and broad application of these vaccines for human and animal health.
Rapatar, a nanoformulation of rapamycin, decreases chemically-induced benign prostate hyperplasia in rats (2015)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common age-related disease in men. Here we tested the efficacy of Rapatar, a micellar nanoformulation of rapamycin, in two rat models of BPH: testosterone-induced and sulpiride-induced hyperplasia in ventral lobes and lateral/dorsal lobes, respectively. We found that Rapatar prevented hypertrophic and hyperplastic abnormalities and degenerative alterations in both BPH models. Rapatar normalized weight of the lateral lobes in sulpiride-induced BPH, the most relevant animal model of human BPH. Unlike Finasteride, a standard therapy of BPH, Rapatar reduced inflammation caused by sulpiride. No obvious side effects of Rapatar were detected. Our data provide a rationale for clinical trials of Rapatar in patients suffering from BPH.
PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF MELANIN: AN ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDY OF SENSITIZED RADICAL PRODUCTION AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (1984)

Abstract Rose Bengal is shown to photosensitize free‐radical production and oxygen consumption in solutions of melanin from autooxidation of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). In anaerobic solutions the sensitizer enhances rates of free‐radical production by up to a factor of 20. In aerobic solutions, rates of oxygen consumption can be increased by a factor of several hundred. The reactions appear to involve the triplet state of the sensitizer. The effect of the sensitizer in increasing oxygen consumption is quenched by low concentrations of azide and enhanced by D 2 O, suggesting that a singlet oxygen mechanism is involved.
Integrated Control Chart for Vital Signs Early Warning of Long-Term Care Patients (2014)

This study used the univariate and multivariate control chart techniques for long-term care patients to look for a variety of the warning range of their vital signs, and proposed the earning warning methods for the individual patient's vital signs. This study proposed the whole and individual health interval for the four vital signs such as temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure in the univariate analysis. According to the four healthy intervals, this study sets three alarm color of red (R), yellow (Y) and green (G) in accordance with the severity. In the multivariate analysis, this study used the Hotelling T2 control chart method to consider three vital signs such as body temperature, pulse and blood pressure at the same time. This study sets the multivariate early warning by using the upper limit identified from the Hotelling T2 control chart and the orange (O) warning light is turned on when the observed value exceeds the upper limit.
Optical tuning of a silicon Fabry-Perot interferometer by a pulsed 1.06 &#181;m laser (1981)

Refractive index changes have been produced in a silicon crystal by excitation of electron-hole pairs with an Nd-YAG laser. The index changes were detected by observing the temporal shape of an initially smooth pulse after transmission through a silicon Fabry-Perot etalon. The index varies during the pulse with the absorbed energy and tunes the Si cavity over several resonances. The transmitted pulse shapes are modulated with a corresponding number of peaks. The frequency dependence of the index change was investigated with an Nd-YAG laser at 1.06 μm and with an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> -center laser at 1.32 μm, and found to be consistent with the Drude model.
Optical rasterization algorithms for contrast devices utilizing different physical modulation principles in optical maskless lithography (2005)

In Optical Maskless Lithography (OML), the die pattern to be printed is generated by a contrast device known as Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), consisting of a multitude of pixels. Each pixel is independently actuated so as to change its optical properties. Different physical principles can be used to modulate the light. For instance, liquid crystal pixels can be used to vary the amplitude transmittance of a pixel, or mirrors actuated by tilting or pistoning can be used to vary the amount of light from each pixel reaching the image plane. Optical rasterization is an algorithm that, given the description of the pattern to be printed (e.g. a GDSII mask file), computes the states (e.g. pixel transmittance or pixel micro-mirror tilt / piston) of the contrast device pixels that will reproduce the pattern at an optical image plane. The purpose of this paper is to present the Global Optimization (GO) rasterization algorithm based on matching the pupil field generated by the given mask, taking into account the constraints dictated by the modulation principle of the contrast device. In particular, we discuss a relation of GO algorithm and a grid filter approach to rasterization in Maskless Lithography. Also, a global optimization algorithm allowing the minimization of light loss is formulated and discussed. We present simulated results of lithographic patterns at the 65 nm node imaged using both tilt mirror and piston mirror contrast devices. In contrast with the previously reported work, we demonstrate that for a particular case of an SLM with piston mirror pixels, the presented GO rasterization algorithm results in aerial images that do not exhibit placement drift with defocus. The variations in the rasterization procedure needed to account for contrast devices with different physical modulation principles are discussed.
Tolcapone,<i>COMT</i>Polymorphisms and Pharmacogenomic Treatment of Schizophrenia (2011)

It is widely accepted that abnormal prefrontal cortex biology resulting in deficient cognition is a primary problem in schizophrenia and that all currently available antipsychotics fail to improve cognitive and negative symptoms originating from this deficit. Evidence from basic science has revealed the importance of prefrontal dopamine signaling for optimal prefrontal function. This article describes succinctly the progress made so far, taking into account the mechanisms involved in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)-induced modulation of prefrontal dopamine signaling, the impact of COMT on cognitive function and the role of COMT gene polymorphisms. The potential role of the COMT inhibitor tolcapone to improve cognitive function in health and disease is also presented here. It will soon be understood if tolcapone represents one of the first hypothesis-driven, biology-based, genotype-specific, targeted treatments of cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Discovering and comparing topic hierarchies (2000)

Hierarchies have been used for organization, summarization, and access to information, yet a lingering issue is how best to construct them. In this paper, our goal is to automatically create domain specific hierarchies that can be used for browsing a document set and locating relevant documents. We examine methods of automatically generating hierarchies and evaluating them. To this end, we compare and contrast two methods of generating topic hierarchies from the text of documents: one, subsumption hierarchies, uses subsumption relations found within document sets, and the other, lexical hierarchies, utilizes frequently used words within phrases. Our evaluation shows that subsumption hierarchies divide documents into smaller groups, allowing one to find all relevant documents without looking at as many non-relevant documents. However, such hierarchies are more likely to contain no path to a relevant document. 1
Further results in carrier frequency estimation for transmissions over flat fading channels (1998)

A data-aided feedforward algorithm has been proposed by Kuo and Fitz (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.45, p.1412-26, 1997) for carrier frequency estimation in M-ary phase-shift keying (PSK) transmissions over frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels. Its accuracy is very good but the estimation range may be limited under certain operating conditions. Also, its application requires a knowledge of the Doppler bandwidth. We show that the estimation range can be greatly extended without sacrificing the estimation accuracy and a simple technique is indicated to measure the Doppler bandwidth. This allows the algorithm to operate in an adaptive manner in a time-varying environment.
Inferring 3D structure with a statistical image-based shape model (2003)

We present an image-based approach to infer 3D structure parameters using a probabilistic "shape+structure" model. The 3D shape of an object class is represented by sets of contours from silhouette views simultaneously observed from multiple calibrated cameras, while structural features of interest on the object are denoted by a number of 3D locations. A prior density over the multiview shape and corresponding structure is constructed with a mixture of probabilistic principal components analyzers. Given a novel set of contours, we infer the unknown structure parameters from the new shape's Bayesian reconstruction. Model matching and parameter inference are done entirely in the image domain and require no explicit 3D construction. Our shape model enables accurate estimation of structure despite segmentation errors or missing views in the input silhouettes, and it works even with only a single input view. Using a training set of thousands of pedestrian images generated from a synthetic model, we can accurately infer the 3D locations of 19 joints on the body based on observed silhouette contours from real images.
Researching the researcher: An interview with professor Irwin Epstein (1996)

Abstract Professor Irwin Epstein, American social work academic, highly regarded across the health field for his teaching and writing on research, visited Melbourne in 1994. Co-author of several important books, he is well known for his publications on program evaluation and research utilisation. This interview raises some of the practical and philosphical issues for social work research.
On the Relationship between the Confucius Cultural Tradition and Research Learning (2006)

By combining the Confucius cultural tradition with the Western modern educational ideology,this paper discusses the relationship between the Confucius cultural tradition and research learning from a completely new perspective.
Characteristics of age-related language decline in adults with Down syndrome. (1991)

Age-related declines in language and other neuropsychological variables were examined in 60 adults with Down syndrome. Researchers have found that deterioration in functioning is present in most adults with Down syndrome if they live to be 35 years of age. Declines have typically been interpreted as symptoms of Alzheimer disease; however, the declines are not well-understood, and alternative explanations have been suggested. Our results showed significant relations between aging and language comprehension and aging and self-help skills. Verbal skills were not significantly related to aging and little variation occurred between the youngest and the oldest subjects. Guidelines for choosing appropriate criteria to examine the loss of language skills in this population were discussed.
The prediction of total body water using bioelectrical impedance in children and adolescents (1988)

Total body water was measured in 26 children and adolescents using the stable isotope H2O18. Body resistance was measured using a tetrapolar technique with a constant 50Khz, 800 microA alternating current. Total body water was highly correlated (r = 0.97; P less than 0.001) with height2/body resistance. Measurements of body resistance are non-invasive, rapid and readily acceptable to children. For these reasons the measurement of body resistance requires further investigation, including cross validation studies and is a potentially valuable technique for assessing body composition in the paediatric population.
Two-Year Outcomes of Vagal Nerve Blocking (vBloc) for the Treatment of Obesity in the ReCharge Trial (2016)

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01327976.
A Toss of the Dice...The Gamble with Post-Divorce Relocation Laws (1989)

terminations, first responded by adopting the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act. 6This state effort was supplemented by the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act 7 and the Parent Locator Service," federal answers to the inconsistent results caused by contradictory state child custody decisions. 9Such national legislation sought to eliminate forum shopping by parents seeking to avoid unfavorable child custody determinations. 106. See 9 U.L. A. 115-16 (1988) (listing all fifty states and the District of Columbia as jurisdictions in which the act has been adopted).7.
Nuclear Pulse (I): Awakening to the Chaos Factor (1981)

In July 1962 the US military detonated a 1.4-megaton hydrogen bomb 248 miles above Johnson Island in the Pacific, and for some time thereafter physicists puzzled over a resulting series of odd occurrences. Some 800 miles away in Hawaii, street lights had failed, burgular alarms had rung, and circuit breakers had popped open in power lines. Today, the mysterious agent is known as electromagnetic pulse (EMP). Physicists say a single nuclear detonation in near space would cover vast stretches of the earth with an EMP of 50,000 volts per meter. The first installment of this three-part series describes how EMP was discovered and why its potentially chaos-producing effects were overlooked for more than a decade. The second part will examine the ongoing debate in the Pentagon over how to cope with the EMP threat. The third will discuss questions EMP raises about about waging a limited nuclear war.
A Previously Unrecognized Protein-Protein Interaction between TWEAK and CD163: Potential Biological Implications (2007)

TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis) is a TNF superfamily member implicated in several mechanisms. Although fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (Fn14)/TweakR has been reported as its receptor, an as yet unrecognized surface molecule(s) might modulate TWEAK function(s). Thus, we set out to identify TWEAK-binding proteins by screening a combinatorial peptide library. Cyclic peptides containing a consensus motif (WXDDG) bound to TWEAK specifically. These peptides were similar to CD163, a scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain family member, restricted to the monocyte/macrophage lineage and responsible for the uptake of circulating haptoglobin-hemoglobin (Hp-Hb) complexes. Sequence profile analysis suggested that TWEAK mimicked the CD163 natural ligand (Hp-Hb). Consistently, we show dose-dependent TWEAK binding to CD163 and blockade by an anti-CD163 Ab. In a competition assay, both soluble CD163 and Fn14/TweakR were able to compete off TWEAK binding to coated Fn14/TweakR or CD163, respectively. Flow-cytometry and immunofluorescence assays showed that human monocytes (Fn14/TweakR negative and CD163 positive) bind TWEAK, thus blocking the recognition of CD163 and reducing the activation mediated by a specific mAb in these cells. We demonstrate that monocytes can sequester TWEAK from supernatants, thus preventing tumor cell apoptosis; this effect was reverted by preincubation with the peptide mimicking CD163 or with a mAb anti-CD163, indicating specificity. Finally, we show that recombinant human TWEAK binding to CD163-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells is inhibited by the presence of either unlabeled TWEAK or the Hp-Hb complex. Together, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that CD163 either acts as a TWEAK scavenger in pathological conditions or serves as an alternate receptor for TWEAK in cells lacking Fn14/TweakR.
Model Prediction and Experiments for the Electrode Design Optimization of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/Graphite Electrodes in High Capacity Lithium-ion Batteries (2013)

<TEX>$LiFePO_4$</TEX> is a promising active material (AM) suitable for use in high performance lithium-ion batteries used in automotive applications that require high current capabilities and a high degree of safety and reliability. In this study, an optimization of the electrode design parameters was performed to produce high capacity lithium-ion batteries based on <TEX>$LiFePO_4$</TEX>/graphite electrodes. The electrode thickness and porosity (AM density) are the two most important design parameters influencing the cell capacity. We quantified the effects of cathode thickness and porosity (<TEX>$LiFePO_4$</TEX> electrode) on cell performance using a detailed one-dimensional electrochemical model. In addition, the effects of those parameters were experimentally studied through various coin cell tests. Based on the numerical and experimental results, the optimal ranges for the electrode thickness and porosity were determined to maximize the cell capacity of the <TEX>$LiFePO_4$</TEX>/graphite lithium-ion batteries.
Distribution of the Huanglongbing (Greening) Liberobacter Species in Fifteen African and Asian Countries (1996)

The distribution of the two Huanglongbing (greening) liberobacter species, Liberobacter asiaticum and Liberobacter africanum, was studied by DNA-DNA hybridization with probe In 2.6 which is specific for L. asiaticum and AS 1.7 which is specific for L. africanum, as well as by PCR followed by XbaI restriction of the amplified DNA. Only L. asiaticum was found in isolates from the 11 Asian countries studied (i.e., India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Taiwan and China). Only L. africanum was found in samples from South Africa and Zimbabwe. Both L. asiaticum and L. africanum were present in Reunion and Mauritius, sometimes in separate trees or even co-existing in the same trees. Citrus leaves from New Caledonia and Western Samoa, showing zinc deficiency symptoms or yellows, but not blotchy mottle, were found to be free of liberobacters.
Dynamic program visualizations (2014)

In this paper, we describe our experiences using dynamic program visualizations in our Java-based CS1 and CS2 courses during the spring semester 2013. The visualizations were constructed by both faculty and students using the new viewer canvas in jGRASP. A public beta version was downloaded and installed in our computer labs and on student and faculty machines. Program visualizations were used in the classroom as well as in lab activities and programming projects. Since the viewers had already been evaluated in controlled experiments, our focus was on ease of use of the viewer canvas by the students and the utility of the program visualizations in helping students understand their programs. Direct observations in the lab and individual meetings with students to discuss their work indicated that students could indeed build dynamic visualizations that, in conjunction with the debugger, helped them understand and correct bugs in their programs much more effectively than using the debugger alone.
Blind Channel Equalization with Order Estimation Based on Evolutionary Algorithm (2006)

In this paper, a novel channel equalization algorithm based on evolutionary algorithm is proposed. By exploiting the excellent global optimization performance of the evolutionary algorithm, the order and impulse response of the equalizer are jointly evolved in different manners with the objective function of constant modulus algorithm (CMA) adopted as fitness function. The experimental results on simulated channel show that the proposed algorithm achieves satisfactory performance and robustness upon order information
A general procedure for high-frequency noise parameter de-embedding of MOSFETs by taking the capacitive effects of metal interconnections into account (2002)

A general procedure for the noise parameter de-embedding of MOSFETs based on cascade configurations using one "open" and two "through" dummy structures is presented. This technique does not require any equivalent circuit modeling of probe pads or metal interconnections and is verified by RF noise measurements. This procedure is also valid for designs with long interconnections at the input or output ports of a device-under-test, and for devices operated at very high frequencies.
Effect of Dielectric in a Plasma Annealing System at Atmospheric Pressure (2012)

Thin metallic wire is widely used in electrical, electronic and automobile technology. It is, however, necessary to anneal and clean the copper wire after drawing. The traditional manufacturing process of fine wire consists of three processes: drawing, annealing and cleaning as shown in Figure 1 and 2 [1]. These processes use Joule heating and chemicals to anneal and clean the wire [2-4]. However, this method has some drawbacks: low efficiency due to the division of the annealing and cleaning processes and environmentally harmful because of using chemical to clean thin wire, for example, Tri-chloethane, it is hazardous to human body and has ozone layer effect. The new annealing system in which the annealing and cleaning processes are simultaneously operated in Atmospheric Pressure DielectricBarrier Discharge (APDBD) [5-9] is the potential solution for these drawbacks. In previous studied, it is shown that wire annealing [10, 11] and cleaning [12] using APDBD is totally possible. Also, our previous studies showed that annealing using APDBD is possible for thin copper wire [13], [14] however; the annealing efficiency is low due to choosing the material, size and shape of the dielectric, discharge gas, applied power,... In this study, the efficiency of dielectric material on the annealing and cleaning results was investigated. It is, however, the dielectric material and the dielectric size are the first two important parameters need to be investigated. Moreover, the efficiency of the frequency and the applied voltage of the applied power in the dielectric permittivity were also investigated. To clarify these dependences, an equivalent circuit model is used to analyze the effect of dielectric.