gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The BigDAWG polystore system and architecture (2016)

Organizations are often faced with the challenge of providing data management solutions for large, heterogenous datasets that may have different underlying data and programming models. For example, a medical dataset may have unstructured text, relational data, time series waveforms and imagery. Trying to fit such datasets in a single data management system can have adverse performance and efficiency effects. As a part of the Intel Science and Technology Center on Big Data, we are developing a polystore system designed for such problems. BigDAWG (short for the Big Data Analytics Working Group) is a polystore system designed to work on complex problems that naturally span across different processing or storage engines. BigDAWG provides an architecture that supports diverse database systems working with different data models, support for the competing notions of location transparency and semantic completeness via islands and a middleware that provides a uniform multi-island interface. Initial results from a prototype of the BigDAWG system applied to a medical dataset validate polystore concepts. In this article, we will describe polystore databases, the current BigDAWG architecture and its application on the MIMIC II medical dataset, initial performance results and our future development plans.
Magnetization reversal process and magnetic relaxation of self-assembled<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pt</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>nanowire arrays with different diameters: Experiment and micromagnetic simulations (2007)

Magnetization reversal process and magnetic relaxation of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}\mathrm{Pt}$ nanowire arrays fabricated by electrodeposition have been investigated by means of micromagnetic simulation and magnetization measurements. Time dependence of magnetization reveals that the nanowire arrays exhibit a strong magnetic viscosity effect. The magnetic viscosity coefficients $S$, which are dependent on temperature and magnetic field, achieve maximum values near the coercivity. The activation volume ${V}^{*}$, defined as the effective volume involved in the magnetization reversal process, increases with temperature as ${T}^{1∕2}$ and linearly with the diameter, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction of the thermally activated magnetization reversal process.
InP-based quantum well solar cells grown by chemical beam epitaxy (2002)

We present the first experimental investigation of InP based-multiquantum well (MQW) solar cells. Lattice matched In/sub 0.47/Ga/sub 0.53/As/InP and strained InAs/sub x/P/sub 1-x//InP (x=0.3 to 0.7) multiquantum wells were introduced in the intrinsic region of a p-i(MQW)-n InP solar cell. All device structures (MQW and InP p and n layer) were grown by chemical beam epitaxy.
Effect of daily morphine administration and its discontinuation on delay discounting of food in rhesus monkeys (2015)

Opioid abusers discount delayed reinforcers more rapidly than nonusers; however, it is unclear whether chronic drug administration or its discontinuation impacts discounting. This study examined the impact of daily morphine administration and its discontinuation on delay discounting of food in rhesus monkeys. Responding on one lever delivered one food pellet immediately; responding on another lever delivered two food pellets either immediately or after a delay (30-120 s) that increased within the session. Monkeys (n=3) responded for the large reinforcer when both reinforcers were delivered immediately and more for the smaller, immediately available reinforcer as the delay to delivery of the large reinforcer increased. When administered acutely, morphine (0.032-5.6 mg/kg) increased trial omissions and had variable effects on choice, with small doses decreasing and large doses increasing choice of the large delayed reinforcer. Chronic morphine administration (0.1 mg/kg/day to 3.2 mg/kg twice daily) reduced choice of the large delayed reinforcer in two monkeys, while increasing choice in a third monkey. Despite the development of tolerance to some effects (i.e. rightward shifts in dose-effect curves for the number of trials omitted) and evidence of mild opioid dependence (e.g. decrease in the number of trials completed, as well as body weight), discontinuation of treatment did not appear to systematically impact discounting. Overall, these results suggest that repeated opioid administration causes persistent effects on choice under a delay discounting procedure; however, differences in the direction of effect among individuals suggest that factors other than, or in addition to, changes in discounting might play a role.
Computer-assisted bacterial identification utilizing antimicrobial susceptibility profiles generated by autobac 1 (1976)

A computer program was developed to identify bacteria solely on the basis of their relative susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents. A sample of 481 clinical isolates from nine of the most commonly isolated gram-negative groups was identified by the quadratic discriminant function technique. Various combinations of antimicrobials were tried, and one set of 18 resulted in a more than 97% correlation with conventional identification procedures. The antimicrobial set could be decreased to 14, while a better than 95% correlation with the conventional procedures was maintained.
Fatal road traffic accidents in people aged 70 years or more (1996)

Objective: This study investigates the mortality rate among elderly people in a defined population and geographical area, and analyses fatal traffic accidents. Methods: Retrospective study based on death certificates and police reports from 1983 to 1994. The population investigated was people aged 70 years or more in Ringkobing (24.000 persons - mid-population 1988). People aged 0-69 years were chosen as controls. Results: There were 447 fatalities from road traffic accidents in the period. Eighty persons (18%) were 70 years or more resulting in a relative risk of 2.11 compared to the age group 0-69 years (p lt 0.05, Fisher's exact test). Older pedestrians did not differ from younger pedestrians. As for bicycle riders balance problems resulting in a sudden change of lane or a sudden left turn. The typical accident for older drivers is where the driver ignores a stop sign or other types of traffic regulation. Conclusion: A better way of testing elderly drivers before renewing their drivers license must in our opinion be considered.
Examination of tungsten-oxide-based thin films for optical memory (1999)

Because of its well known electrochromic and photochromic properties, and its relative ease of large scale manufacture, tungsten oxide has long been a candidate for display applications. This use was first suggested by Deb in 1973, and numerous patents and papers in the primary literature followed. Tungsten oxide based electrochromic processes have been reviewed by Granquist. We are currently exploring the medium’s photochromic and electrochromic properties for memory and switching purposes. Photochromism refers to the fact that exposing the medium to light causes the material to change color. The light is thought to induce the formation of free charge carriers which can be mobile oxygen ions and radicals as well as electrons that initiate the chemistry leading to the color change. The process we have studied is represented by the chemical reaction below. This process is distinct from chemistry originally described by Deb and reviewed by Granquist in that subbandgap exploitation can be employed.
Analysis of 259 Flying-bomb Casualties (1944)

The treatment of throat carriers of haemolytic streptococci proved disappointing, as was anticipated. Nevertheless it is of interest that they became negative while undergoing treatment, and, in the case of the medical student described, this fact proved of practical value.
Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Insulin Resistance (2008)

Insulin resistance is characteristic of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and components of the cardiometabolic syndrome, including hypertension and dyslipidemia, that collectively contribute to a substantial risk for cardiovascular disease. Metabolic actions of insulin in classic insulin target tissues (eg, skeletal muscle, fat, and liver), as well as actions in nonclassic targets (eg, cardiovascular tissue), help to explain why insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation are central in the pathogenesis of the cardiometabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Glucose and lipid metabolism are largely dependent on mitochondria to generate energy in cells. Thereby, when nutrient oxidation is inefficient, the ratio of ATP production/oxygen consumption is low, leading to an increased production of superoxide anions. Reactive oxygen species formation may have maladaptive consequences that increase the rate of mutagenesis and stimulate proinflammatory processes. In addition to reactive oxygen species formation, genetic factors, aging, and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis all contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. These factors also contribute to insulin resistance in classic and nonclassic insulin target tissues. Insulin resistance emanating from mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities and subsequent increases in cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, interventions that improve mitochondrial function also improve insulin resistance. Collectively, these observations suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a central cause of insulin resistance and associated complications. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction related to the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in classic insulin-responsive tissue, as well as cardiovascular tissue.
25 Prokaryotic Transcriptional Enhancers (1992)

OVERVIEW All known prokaryotic enhancer-binding proteins activate transcription by alternative holoenzyme forms of RNA polymerase, rather than σ 70 holoenzyme. The enhancer-binding proteins activate transcription by stimulating a change in configuration of RNA polymerase at a promoter—specifically, the isomerization of a closed recognition complex to an open complex. To catalyze isomerization, the enhancer-binding proteins must hydrolyze ATP, making them the only transcriptional activators known to have a required enzymatic activity. On the basis of their cognate RNA polymerases, prokaryotic enhancer-binding proteins can be divided into two classes. One class activates transcription by σ 54 holoenzyme and has been shown to contact this polymerase by means of a DNA loop. At some, but not all, σ 54 - dependent promoters, loop formation is assisted by a DNA-bending protein, IHF. The best-studied activator of σ 54 holoenzyme is the NTRC protein; the ability of NTRC to activate transcription is regulated by phosphorylation, which controls its ATPase activity. The other class of prokaryotic enhancer-binding proteins, which is represented by a single member, activates transcription by a holoenzyme that contains both a sigma factor and an adapter protein encoded by phage T4. The T4 enhancer-binding protein is unusual in that it probably does not control the function of its cognate polymerase by a simple looping mechanism. INTRODUCTION Transcriptional enhancers play a critical role in the differentiation and development of eukaryotic organisms and in control of their metabolism (Gehring 1987; Maniatis et al. 1987; Levine and Hoey 1988; Muller et al. 1988). Hence the mechanism(s) by which enhancers communicate...
THE ACTION OF PHENYL ISOCYANATE ON URETHANS, UREAS AND THIOUREAS (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF PHENYL ISOCYANATE ON URETHANS, UREAS AND THIOUREASHans Lakra and F. B. DainsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 7, 2220–2225Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01382a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01382a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Entry of diphtheria toxin linked to concanavalin A into primate and murine cells (1985)

Diphtheria toxin linked by a disulfide bridge to concanavalin A was highly toxic to HeLa S3 and Vero cells, as well as to murine L cells. The cells could be protected with alpha-methyl mannoside, indicating that the conjugate binds mainly through its concanavalin A moiety. Treatment of Vero cells with phospholipase C, TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), and vanadate, which strongly reduce the ability of the cells to bind free diphtheria toxin, had little protective effect against the conjugate, whereas SITS (L-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'disulfonic acid), which inhibits diphtheria toxin binding, as well as the subsequent entry, protected Vero cells, but not L cells. Both types of cells are protected against the conjugate by NH4Cl and monensin, indicating that an acidified compartment is necessary for entry into the cytosol. Exposure of cells, bound with surface conjugate, to low pH induced entry of the toxin into Vero cells, but not into L Cells. Phospholipase C, TPA, and vanadate did not protect L cells against the conjugate. It is concluded that toxin in the conjugate enters L cells by a route which involves low pH, but which is not identical to that in Vero cells.
13C-NMR investigation of protein synthesis during apoptosis in human leukemic cell lines (1999)

In order to evaluate the role of protein synthesis in apoptosis, (13)C-NMR has been used to study the levels of protein synthesis in three different human leukemic cell lines in the presence and absence of dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. Measurements were done on one dexamethasone-sensitive (CEM-C7-14) and two different dexamethasone-resistant variants (CEM-4R4 and CEM-ICR27-4). The incorporation of (13)C-labeled amino acids into cellular proteins, which reflects the level of new protein synthesis, was monitored by (13)C-NMR spectroscopy. In the absence of dexamethasone, the level of protein synthesis was found to be significantly different among the three cell lines. Dexamethasone caused a significant reduction ( congruent with 60-87%) in the level of protein synthesis in dexamethasone-sensitive CEM-C7-14 cells, while having no significant effect on protein synthesis in dexamethasone-resistant CEM-4R4 cells. Dexamethasone treatment caused a significant enhancement of the level of protein synthesis in the CEM-ICR27-4 cells. Synthesis of proteins was found to occur during apoptosis, albeit at a low level, suggesting a role for the synthesis of specific proteins in the mechanism of apoptosis.
Walnut Husk Fly Control with Low-Toxicity Insecticides, 1997 (1998)

Abstract The study was conducted on mature ‘Payne’ walnut trees in a commercial orchard near Hollister, Calif. Five treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. Each replicate consisted of an individual tree. Treatments were applied with a backpack air-blast sprayer with a finished spray volume of 100 gpa (1.11 gal/tree). The first application was initiated one week after the appearance of walnut WHF ovipositional punctures and a second application was applied two weeks after the first application. Control was evaluated by visually examining 25 walnuts per replicate weekly from 26 Jun through 31 Jul. The walnuts were inspected for ovipositional punctures and larval feeding. The larval feeding was classified on a scale of 0 to 5 where: 0 = no larval feeding or husk discoloration, 1 = slight larval feeding with very little husk discoloration, 2 = slight larval feeding with husk discoloration about 1 cm2 in size, 3 = moderate larval feeding with husk discoloration about 2 cm2 in size, 4 = heavy larval feeding with over ½ of the husk discolored, 5 = heavy larval feeding with entire husk discolored and/or larval emergence from the husks. Additional 25 walnuts per replicate were dissected on 17 and 31 Jul. The walnuts were classified as nuts with or without eggs and/or first, second or third instar larvae.
Hessian Schatten-Norm Regularization for Linear Inverse Problems (2013)

We introduce a novel family of invariant, convex, and non-quadratic functionals that we employ to derive regularized solutions of ill-posed linear inverse imaging problems. The proposed regularizers involve the Schatten norms of the Hessian matrix, which are computed at every pixel of the image. They can be viewed as second-order extensions of the popular total-variation (TV) semi-norm since they satisfy the same invariance properties. Meanwhile, by taking advantage of second-order derivatives, they avoid the staircase effect, a common artifact of TV-based reconstructions, and perform well for a wide range of applications. To solve the corresponding optimization problems, we propose an algorithm that is based on a primal-dual formulation. A fundamental ingredient of this algorithm is the projection of matrices onto Schatten norm balls of arbitrary radius. This operation is performed efficiently based on a direct link we provide between vector projections onto lq norm balls and matrix projections onto Schatten norm balls. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods through experimental results on several inverse imaging problems with real and simulated data.
Buckled Silicene Formation on Ir(111) (2013)

Silicene, a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb structure similar to graphene, has been successfully fabricated on an Ir(111) substrate. It is characterized as a (√7×√7) superstructure with respect to the substrate lattice, as revealed by low energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy. Such a superstructure coincides with the (√3×√3) superlattice of silicene. First-principles calculations confirm that this is a (√3×√3)silicene/(√7×√7)Ir(111) configuration and that it has a buckled conformation. Importantly, the calculated electron localization function shows that the silicon adlayer on the Ir(111) substrate has 2D continuity. This work provides a method to fabricate high-quality silicene and an explanation for the formation of the buckled silicene sheet.
Hydroxymethylations of Aryl Halides by Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings with (Benzoyloxy)methylzinc Iodide - Scope and Limitations of the Reaction (2008)

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of (benzoyloxymethyl)zinc iodide with diverse (het)aryl halides leading to (benzoyloxymethyl)(het)arenes were studied to define the scope of this reaction. It has been found that this reaction is only applicable for electron-deficient aryl halides and the most efficient it is for 2-halopyridines and 4-halopyrimidines. Deprotection of the intermediates gives (hydroxymethyl)pyridines and -pyrimidines in high yields.
Decentralised rural electrification: Critical success factors and experiences of an NGO (2001)

Abstract Where renewable energy sources are available solar, small hydro, biomass, wind and other renewables can often provide remote communities and businesses with the most reliable and affordable source of electrical energy. Ray Holland, Lahiru Perera, Teodoro Sanchez, and Dr Rona Wilkinson, ITDG, UK review recent practice in rural electrification using renewables and discuss some of the issues that have proved to be critical in practical experience of off-grid approaches over the last few years.
Dislocation after primary arthroplasty for subcapital fracture of the hip. Wide range of movement is a risk factor (1991)

Dislocation is the most frequent serious complication following total hip replacement for subcapital femoral fracture. We report a prospective study, using matched groups, which compared the range of hip movement following hip replacement for arthritis and for fracture. The range of movement was significantly greater in the fracture group. We suggest that this is a predisposing factor for dislocation.
A model estimation and multi-variable control of an unmanned surface vehicle with two fixed thrusters (2010)

This paper presents a dynamic model estimation using system identification (SI) technique and a multivariable controller design for an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) with two fixed thrusters. The catamaran shaped USV has been developed for marine research and surveying exploration in costal area. To validate the automatic control performance of USV, which is designed by classical PID controller, we carried out experiments to keep the USV's position at a fixed point and to track predefined positions. As a result, we have found that it needs time-consuming efforts to tuning the weight between heading and speed controller since the yawing and surge motions are tightly coupled to the two thrusters. In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to introduce the multivariable controller design method. And a numerical dynamic model is required for the model based design. This paper addresses the estimation of a dynamic model of the USV based on the experimental results and the design of Linear-Quadratic (LQ) controller based on a multivariable control method. To verify the efficiency of the designed controller using the estimated dynamic model, numerical simulations were carried out.
Incorporation of a complete set of deoxyadenosine and thymidine analogs suitable for the study of protein nucleic acid interactions into oligodeoxynucleotides. Application to the EcoRV restriction endonuclease and modification methylase (1990)

A complete set of dA and T analogues designed for the study of protein DNA interactions has been prepared. These modified bases have been designed by considering the groups on the dA and T bases that are accessible to proteins when these bases are incorporated into double-helical B-DNA [Seeman, N. C., Rosenberg, J. M., & Rich, A. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 804-808]. Each of the positions on the two bases, having the potential to interact with proteins, have been subject to nondisruptive, conservative change. Typically a particular group (e.g., the 6-NH2 of dA or the 5-CH3 of T) has been replaced with a hydrogen atom. Occasionally keto groups (the 2- and 4-keto oxygen atoms of T) have been replaced with sulfur. The base set has been incorporated into the self-complementary dodecamer d(GACGATATCGTC) at the central d(ATAT) sequence. Melting temperature determination shows that the modified bases do not destabilize the double helix. Additionally, circular dichroism spectroscopy shows that almost all the altered bases have very little effect on overall oligodeoxynucleotide conformation and that most of the modified oligomers have a B-DNA type structure. d(GATATC) is the recognition sequence for the EcoRV restriction modification system. Initial rate measurements (at a single oligodeoxynucleotide concentration of 20 microM) have been carried out with both the EcoRV restriction endonuclease and modification methylase. This has enabled a preliminary identification of the groups of the dA and T bases within the d(GATATC) sequence that make important contacts to both proteins.