gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmetalation and Double Metal Exchange: A Convenient Route to Organolithium Compounds of the Benzyl and Allyl Type (1973)

Treating PhMe with BuLi in the presence of KOCMe3 gave PhCH2K, which on LiBr treatment was converted into 85% PhCH2Li, characterized with Me3SiCl as PhCH2SiMe3. Similarly, at -20 Deg H2C:CMe2 gave 80% H2C:CMeCH2Li converted by CO2 or ethylene oxide into H2C:CMeCH2CO2H or H2C:CMe(CH2)3OH, resp. The similarly prepd. 2-C10H7CH2M (C10H7 = naphthyl; M = K, Li (I)] were obtained only with LiOCMe3 impurities due to their soly. I was characterized by carboxylation yielding 2-naphthaleneacetic acid. [on SciFinder (R)]
AIDS programmes in transition. (1991)

National AIDS programmes of industrialized countries are moving from rapid growth to consolidation. This transition should afford opportunities for strengthening the approaches to AIDS prevention.
Linewidth and Relaxation Processes for the Main Resonance in the Spin-Wave Spectra of Ni–Fe Alloy Films (1968)

Measurements of the position and linewidth of the main resonance in the spin-wave spectra of 80% Ni-20% Fe evaporated films 150 to 3200 Å thick at frequencies from 0.8 to 4.0 GHz, at room temperature and with the static magnetic field perpendicular to the film plane have been performed. The center field for resonance was independent of thickness and consistent with the Kittel resonance condition for the uniform precession. The linewidth was about 30 Oe (measured as the field separation of inflection points on the absorption curve), independent of film thickness and frequency. The linewidth data have been compared to previous data for resonance with the static field parallel to the film plane and interpreted in terms of relaxation processes for the uniform precession. In general, frequency-swept linewidths, not field-swept linewidths, are proportional to the relaxation rate and are the quantities which should be compared. The frequency-swept linewidth for perpendicular resonance is equal to that obtained for parallel resonance in films thinner than 500 Å. This result indicates that two-magnon scattering between the uniform precession mode and spin-wave states for which the exchange energy term is large (wavenumber k appreciably different from zero) does not contribute to the perpendicular resonance linewidth and is the origin of the linewidth increase with thickness for parallel resonance. It appears that scattering to states with k≈0 and exchange conductivity broadening are the most reasonable sources for the residual 30 Oe linewidth.
Low VOC Barrier Coating for Industrial Maintenance (2012)

Abstract : The objectives of this demonstration are to (1) provide a full-scale validation of the low volatile organic compound (VOC) barrier coating (LVBC) for use as an architectural and industrial maintenance (AIM) coating, (2) assist in the transition of a nonaircraft topcoating using the zero- VOC topcoat (ZVT) (MIL-PRF-85285D, Type III, Class W), and (3) enable the transition of this very low VOC AIM coating system directly into the hands of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) end users who require aboveground storage tank (AST) maintenance painting. Corrosion of AST steel exterior surfaces is a perennial and costly problem. To protect against corrosion, AST exterior surfaces typically receive a three-coat system consisting of the following: 1) A zinc-rich epoxy primer (Military Detail Standard [MIL-DTL]-24441, Formula 159, Type III); 2) An epoxy intermediate (MIL-DTL-24441, Formula 152, Type IV); and 3) A polyurethane topcoat (Military Performance Standard [MIL-PRF]-85285D, Type II). These coats are commonly formulated with about 304 grams per liter (g/l) (2.5 pounds per gallon [lbs/gal]), 340 g/l (2.8 lbs/gal) and 340 g/l (2.8 lbs/gal) of VOCs, respectively. Exterior AST maintenance painting is often required at around 8 to 10 years of service. However, the original three-coat system described above is not appropriate for use over aged and weathered coatings. When the original system has been used as an overcoat system, it has contributed to costly premature coating failures. These overcoat failures typically occur as a result of high levels of residual cure stress (curing of the overcoat system) combined with the daily thermal cycling (daily temperature extremes). Therefore, typical maintenance consists of making spot repairs to visibly corroded areas or waiting until the existing coating is fully removed and a reapplication is necessary.
The Preparation and Resolution of DL-α-Fenchylamine (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Resolution of DL-α-FenchylamineA. W. Ingersoll and H. D. DeWittCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 7, 3360–3362Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01151a109https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01151a109research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis in prostate cancer by gene expression profiling (2016)

The present study aimed to screen potential genes associated with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), in order to improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis. The GSE3325 microarray dataset, which was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, consists of seven clinically localized PCa samples, six hormone-refractory metastatic PCa samples and six benign prostate tissue samples. The Linear Models for Microarray Data package was used to identify differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) and a hierarchical cluster analysis for DEGs was performed with the pheatmap package. Furthermore, potential functions for the DEGs were predicted by a functional enrichment analysis. Subsequently, microRNAs (miRNAs) potentially involved in the regulation of PCa metastasis were identified by WebGestalt software, and the miRNA-DEG regulatory network was visualized using Cytoscape. In addition, a pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs in the regulatory network was performed. A total of 306 and 2,073 genes were differentially expressed in the clinically localized PCa and the metastatic PCa groups, respectively, as compared with the benign prostate group, of which 174 were differentially expressed in both groups. A number of the DEGs, including <i>CAMK2D</i> and <i>SH3BP4</i>, were significantly enriched in the cell cycle, and others, such as <i>MAF</i>, were associated with the regulation of cell proliferation. Furthermore, some DEGs (<i>CAMK2D</i> and <i>PCDH17</i>) were observed to be regulated by miR-30, whereas others (<i>ADCY2</i>, <i>MAF</i>, <i>SH3BP4</i> and <i>PCDH17</i>) were modulated by miR-182. Additionally, <i>ADCY2</i> and <i>CAMK2D</i> were distinctly enriched in the calcium signaling pathway. The present study identified novel DEGs, including <i>ADCY2</i>, <i>CAMK2D</i>, <i>MAF</i>, <i>SH3BP4</i> and <i>PCDH17</i>, that may be involved in the metastasis of PCa.
Preventive nutrition: disease-specific dietary interventions for older adults. (1992)

Disease prevention through dietary management is a cost-effective approach to promoting healthy aging. Fats, cholesterol, soluble fiber, and the trace elements copper and chromium affect the morbidity and mortality of CHD. Decreasing sodium and increasing potassium intake improves control of hypertension. Calcium and magnesium may also have a role in controlling hypertension. The antioxidant vitamins A and beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and the trace mineral selenium may protect against types of cancer. A decrease in simple carbohydrates and an increase in soluble dietary fiber may normalize moderately elevated blood glucose levels. Deficiencies of zinc or iron diminish immune function. Adequate levels of calcium and vitamin D can help prevent senile osteoporosis in both older men and women.
Differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis through a discriminant function based on results for serum analytes (1996)

We applied a multivariate analysis to a large series of serum biochemical tests in an attempt to identify a function that could efficiently discriminate cirrhosis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HC). We analyzed two successive temporal cohorts (1987-90; 1991-94) of HC and cirrhotic patients, all histologically classified (first cohort: 69 cirrhosis and 39 HC; second cohort: 66 cirrhosis and 38 HC). Using data from the first temporal cohort of patients, we obtained a discriminant function based on seven serum analytes: alpha-fetoprotein, the hepatic isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 5, total gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), GGT isoforms complexed with low-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, and copper. The same panel of analytes emerged when the second cohort was tested and also when both cohorts were tested together. In the two successive cohorts (total, 212 patients) with a prevalence of cirrhosis vs HC of approximately 2:1, the discriminant function correctly classified 93% of cases, the highest percentage of correct classification of the two diseases obtained so far by laboratory approaches. Validation with the jackknife reallocation statistical algorithm confirmed these results. In addition, of six patients with liver cirrhosis for whom we had the opportunity of following up and observing the evolution to HC, five were classified as HC at diagnosis by the multivariate discriminant analysis; i.e., discriminant analysis provided a diagnostic lead time of 6-12 months over histology. This discriminant function, based on easy-to-perform serum biochemical tests, may help solve a fundamental problem of differential diagnosis in the evolution of chronic liver diseases from cirrhosis to HC.
Display Advertising with Real-Time Bidding (RTB) and Behavioural Targeting (2017)

The most significant progress in recent years in online display advertising is what is known as the Real-Time Bidding (RTB) mechanism to buy and sell ads. RTB essentially facilitates buying an individual ad impression in real time while it is still being generated from a user’s visit. RTB not only scales up the buying process by aggregating a large amount of available inventories across publishers but, most importantly, enables direct targeting of individual users. As such, RTB has fundamentally changed the landscape of digital marketing. Scientifically, the demand for automation, integration and optimisation in RTB also brings new research opportunities in information retrieval, data mining, machine learning and other related fields. In this monograph, an overview is given of the fundamental infrastructure, algorithms, and technical solutions of this new frontier of computational advertising. The covered topics include user response prediction, bid landscape forecasting, bidding algorithms, revenue optimisation, statistical arbitrage, dynamic pricing, and ad fraud detection. Online advertising is now one of the fastest advancing areas in the IT industry. In display and mobile advertising, the most significant technical development in recent years is the growth of Real-Time Bidding (RTB), which facilitates a real-time auction for a display opportunity. RTB essentially facilitates buying an individual ad impression in real time while it is still being generated from a user’s visit. RTB not only scales up the buying process by aggregating a large number of available inventories across publishers but, most importantly, enables direct targeting of individual users. As such, RTB has fundamentally changed the landscape of digital marketing. Scientifically, the demand for automation, integration and optimization in RTB also brings new research opportunities in information retrieval, data mining, machine learning and other related fields. Despite its rapid growth and huge potential, many aspects of RTB remain unknown to the research community for a variety of reasons. This monograph offers insightful knowledge of real-world systems, to bridge the gaps between industry and academia, and to provide an overview of the fundamental infrastructure, algorithms, and technical and research challenges of the new frontier of computational advertising. The topics covered include user response prediction, bid landscape forecasting, bidding algorithms, revenue optimization, statistical arbitrage, dynamic pricing, and ad fraud detection. This is an invaluable text for researchers and practitioners alike. Academic researchers will get a better understanding of the real-time online advertising systems currently deployed in industry. While industry practitioners are introduced to the research challenges, the state of the art algorithms and potential future systems in this field.
Indomethacin and recurrent ileal perforations in a preterm infant. (1993)

This article reports a case of a very low birth weight infant who was given intravenous indomethacin for a symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus and subsequently had two isolated ileal perforations several days apart. Spontaneous or indomethacin-related ileal perforation appears to constitute a separate clinical and pathologic entity, different from necrotizing enterocolitis, with a benign clinical picture and good prognosis when promptly recognized.
IoT Based Smart Parking System Using Deep Long Short Memory Network (2020)

Traffic congestion is one of the most notable urban transport problems, as it causes high energy consumption and air pollution. Unavailability of free parking spaces is one of the major reasons for traffic jams. Congestion and parking are interrelated because searching for a free parking spot creates additional delays and increase local circulation. In the center of large cities, 10% of the traffic circulation is due to cruising, as drivers nearly spend 20 min searching for free parking space. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a parking space availability prediction system that can inform the drivers in advance about the location-wise, day-wise, and hour-wise occupancy of parking lots. In this paper, we proposed a framework based on a deep long short term memory network to predict the availability of parking space with the integration of Internet of Things (IoT), cloud technology, and sensor networks. We use the Birmingham parking sensors dataset to evaluate the performance of deep long short term memory networks. Three types of experiments are performed to predict the availability of free parking space which is based on location, days of a week, and working hours of a day. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art prediction models.
Energy Management and Control of Electric Vehicles, Using Hybrid Power Source in Regenerative Braking Operation (2014)

Today’s battery powered electric vehicles still face many issues: (1) Ways of improving the regenerative braking energy; (2) how to maximally extend the driving-range of electric vehicles (EVs) and prolong the service life of batteries; (3) how to satisfy the energy requirements of the EVs both in steady and dynamic state. The electrochemical double-layer capacitors, also called ultra-capacitors (UCs), have the merits of high energy density and instantaneous power output capability, and are usually combined with power battery packs to form a hybrid power supply system (HPSS). The power circuit topology of the HPSS has been illustrated in this paper. In the proposed HPSS, all the UCs are in series, which may cause an imbalanced voltage distribution of each unit, moreover, the energy allocation between the batteries and UCs should also be considered. An energy-management scheme to solve this problem has been presented. Moreover, due to the parameter variations caused by temperature changes and produced errors, the modelling procedure of the HPSS becomes very difficult, so an H∞ current controller is presented. The proposed hybrid power source circuit is implemented on a laboratory hardware setup using a digital signal processor (DSP). Simulation and experimental results have been put forward to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the approach.
Analysis of inter-bundle crosstalk in multimode signaling for high-density interconnects (2008)

While the increasing demand for smaller packages and low-cost platforms aggressively drives the interconnect density per unit area, crosstalk noise due to capacitive and inductive coupling limits the achievable interconnect density. As an alternative, we investigate multimode signaling where n signals are transmitted by exciting all fundamental modes on a group of n closely coupled lines called a bundle. Even though crosstalk is ideally zero in a single bundle, practical implementation of this idea for a typical input/output (IO) bus requires multiple closely-placed bundles. Thus, inter-bundle crosstalk may be an issue. In this paper, we analyze the inter-bundle crosstalk starting with the analytical expressions for the modal conversion from one bundle to another. Frequency domain simulations for both frequency-dependent and frequency-independent terminations are performed to compare performance vs. density benefits of multi-bundle multi-mode interconnects to those provided by conventional single-ended and differential signaling.
Treatment of relapsing chronic infections of the respiratory tract: a comparative study of the effectiveness of non specific immunotherapy with the immunoadjuvant p40 and of vaccinotherapy (1984)

The treatment of relapsing chronic infections (RCI) encounters many difficulties. In the present study, the use of the immuno adjuvant P40 either alone or in association with vaccinotherapy for the treatment of RCI turned out to be very effective, whereas vaccinotherapy alone was not. It is hypothesized that cell-mediated immunity may play a major role in controlling RCI, since the clinical improvement of the patients kept up with the positivation of previously negative skin tests carried out with either the specific infecting agent or with recall-anti gens.
Blocking C5aR signaling promotes the anti-tumor efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (2017)

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy has achieved great success in the clinic; however, only a small fraction of cancer patient benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and overcoming resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has thus become a primary priority. In this study, we demonstrated that administration of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies resulted in the activation of the complement system and massive generation of C5a. Generation of C5a did not change the accumulation of MDSCs in either the tumor or spleen but enhanced their inhibitory potential. In addition, blockade of C5a-C5aR signaling in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies greatly enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. Overall, these data indicate an immunosuppressive role of C5a in the context of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy and provide a strong incentive to clinically explore combination therapies using a C5a antagonist.
A 77-GHz antenna and fully integrated radar transceiver in package (2012)

A 77-GHz–directional folded dipole antenna integrated in an embedded wafer level ball grid array package is presented. For the characterization of the antenna, a frequency multiplier is embedded, which scales the 4.25-GHz input signal up to 76.5 GHz and allows the use of a commercial signal source. The antenna structure is manufactured at the metallic layer, in the fan-out area of the package, and is directly connected to the monolithically integrated transceiver. The gain of the antenna is about 7 dBi, measured over a large bandwidth of about 8 GHz. The combination of the frequency multiplier with a 77-GHz transceiver and the on-package antenna is a promising approach for a system-in-package to future radar modules for automotive radar applications. Such a module avoids 77-GHz transitions to the printed circuit board and hence simplifies the design and manufacturing of the radar sensor significantly.
Protein Kinase Cδ Differentially Regulates Platelet Functional Responses (2009)

Hence, we conclude that PKCdelta differentially regulates platelet functional responses such as dense granule secretion and TXA2 generation downstream of PARs and GPVI receptors, but PKCdelta deficiency does not affect the thrombus formation in vivo.
Re‐evaluating the role of strongly charged sequences in amphipathic cell‐penetrating peptides (2005)

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are able to translocate across biological membranes and deliver bioactive proteins. Cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of CPPs is commonly evaluated with fluorescent labels, which can alter peptide properties. The effect of carboxyfluorescein label in the Lys-rich domain of the amphipathic CPP pep-1, was evaluated and compared with non-labelled pep-1 in vitro and in vivo. A reduced membrane affinity and an endosomal-dependent translocation mechanism, at variance with non-labelled pep-1, were detected. Therefore, the charged domain is not a mere enabler of peptide adsorption but has a crucial role in the translocation pathway of non-labelled pep-1.
Determining Multilayer Formation Properties from Transient Temperature and Pressure Measurements (2008)

Abstract Multilayer transient testing commonly relies on a series of step rate changes in surface flow rate with acquisition of stabilized rate profiles before each rate change and stationary downhole transient rate and pressure measurements after each rate change. The procedure requires one rate change for each layer to be characterized, and overall test duration can be quite long depending on the number of layers to be characterized. This study introduces an entirely new testing approach that uses transient temperature data at multiple locations together with a single-point transient pressure measurement. Because the temperature sensors acquire multipoint temperature simultaneously, this technique requires only one surface flow rate changes, thereby reducing the test duration significantly. A coupled wellbore/reservoir thermal model developed in a previous study showed that the combination of transient temperature and pressure is sufficiently sensitive to individual layer properties to determine layer permeability and skin values in multilayered systems. In this work, the inverse problem is solved using the Levenberg-Marquardt regression algorithm. In this new testing method, temperature data from only n+1 locations are required to determine layer permeability and skin values in an n-layer reservoir, and strategic sampling over time accelerates the regression convergence. The inversion has been tested on many synthetic cases with wide variations in layer permeability and skin values and has proven to be both accurate and robust. In addition, temperature resolution and data signal to noise impacts have been studied along with a data filtering approach that enable selection of suitable pressure and temperature sensor technologies for applying the new testing method. With the interpreted permeability and skin values, well productivity can then be enhanced by hydraulically fracturing in low permeability layers and/or by applying matrix stimulation in layers with high skin.