gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectric d<sub>15</sub>shear response-based torsion actuation mechanism: an experimental benchmark and its 3D finite element simulation (2010)

An experimental benchmark is proposed for piezoelectric, direct-torsion actuation using mono-morph piezoceramic d15 shear patches. This is reached by designing and assembling an adaptive plate having two identical composite faces sandwiching a core made of connected six oppositely polarized (OP) piezoceramic d15 shear patches along the length. An electronic speckle pattern interferometry system was used to measure the static tip deflection of the adaptive sandwich composite plate that was mounted in a cantilever configuration and actuated in torsion by progressively applied voltages on the piezoceramic shear core electroded major surfaces. Then, the effective rate of twist was post-processed and proposed as an evaluation criterion for smart composites under piezoelectric torsion actuation. For verification of the experimental results, the proposed experimental benchmark was simulated using three-dimensional piezoelectric finite elements (FE) within ABAQUS® commercial software. The comparison of the obtained experimental and simulation results showed reasonable agreement, but the slight nonlinear experimental response was not confirmed by the linear FE analysis. The experimentally proved torsion actuation mechanism, produced by OP piezoceramic d15 shear patches, can be applied actively to prevent torsion in many applications, such as in wind turbines, helicopter blades, robot arms, flexible space structures, etc.
Modeling user mobility for reliable packet delivery in mobile IP networks (2005)

We analyze the handoff behavior for reliable packet delivery in mobile IP networks. In mobile IP, packets destined to roaming hosts are intercepted by their home agents and delivered via tunneling to its care of address (CoA). A mobile node may roam across multiple subnets during receiving data reliably. Upon each boundary crossing, a handoff is initiated in which the CoA is updated and a new tunnel is established. We find that reliable packet delivery in mobile IP networks can be modeled as a renewal process. We derive the probability distribution of boundary crossings for each successfully transmitted packet. We also provide numerical examples to demonstrate how to use our model to calculate the probability distribution of boundary crossings, given the distributions of residence time and local retransmission attempts.
Vitamin D derivatives inhibit the mitogenic effects of IGF-I on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (1997)

The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and four novel synthetic analogues (EB1089, KH1060, KH1230 and CB1093) on IGF-I-stimulated growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells have been determined. A significant time- and dose-dependent inhibition of IGF-I-stimulated cell growth was seen with EB1089, such that after 7 days of treatment with 10(-8) M EB1089, the mitogenic effect of IGF-I (30 ng/ml) was negated. Comparison with 1,25(OH)2D3 showed the synthetic analogues to be more potent. The anti-oestrogen ICI 182,780 similarly inhibited IGF-I-stimulated growth of these cells and in combination with EB1089 exerted additional inhibitory effects. Retinoids (all-trans-retinoic acid or the isomer 9-cis-retinoic acid) were less effective in limiting MCF-7 cell responsiveness to IGF-I but, in combination with EB1089, a co-operative effect was achieved. Using radioligand-binding techniques, we observed that 1,25(OH)2D3 and EB1089 down-regulated the levels of 125I-IGF-I binding to MCF-7 cell membranes. Scatchard analysis showed that EB1089 decreased maximal binding approximately 2-fold. Vitamin D derivatives were also demonstrated to reduce IGF-I receptor expression in MCF-7 cells by Western analysis. Our findings demonstrate that vitamin D derivatives limit responsiveness of MCF-7 cells to the mitogenic effects of IGF-I, which may be mediated by reduction of IGF-I receptor expression.
Histone deacetylase degradation andMEF2 activation promote the formation of slow-twitch myofibers (2007)

Skeletal muscle is composed of heterogeneous myofibers with distinctive rates of contraction, metabolic properties, and susceptibility to fatigue. We show that class II histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins, which function as transcriptional repressors of the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factor, fail to accumulate in the soleus, a slow muscle, compared with fast muscles (e.g., white vastus lateralis). Accordingly, pharmacological blockade of proteasome function specifically increases expression of class II HDAC proteins in the soleus in vivo. Using gain-and loss-of-function approaches in mice, we discovered that class II HDAC proteins suppress the formation of slow twitch, oxidative myofibers through the repression of MEF2 activity. Conversely, expression of a hyperactive form of MEF2 in skeletal muscle of transgenic mice promotes the formation of slow fibers and enhances running endurance, enabling mice to run almost twice the distance of WT littermates. Thus, the selective degradation of class II HDACs in slow skeletal muscle provides a mechanism for enhancing physical performance and resistance to fatigue by augmenting the transcriptional activity of MEF2. These findings provide what we believe are new insights into the molecular basis of skeletal muscle function and have important implications for possible therapeutic interventions into muscular diseases.
Improved Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm. (2000)

The secretin receptor (SR), a G protein-coupled receptor, mediates the effects of the gastrointestinal hormone secretin on digestion and water homeostasis. Recently, high SR expression has been observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, cholangiocellular carcinomas, gastrinomas, and bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors. Receptor overexpression associates with enhanced secretin-mediated signaling, but whether this molecule plays an independent role in tumorigenesis is currently unknown. We recently discovered that pheochromocytomas developing in rats affected by the MENX (multiple endocrine neoplasia-like) syndrome express at very high-level Sctr, encoding SR. We here report that SR are also highly abundant on the membranes of rat adrenal and extraadrenal pheochromocytoma, starting from early stages of tumor development, and are functional. PC12 cells, the best characterized in vitro pheochromocytoma model, also express Sctr at high level. Thus, we used them as model to study the role of SR in neoplastic transformation. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Sctr decreases PC12 cells proliferation and increases p27 levels. The proproliferative effect of SR in PC12 cells is mediated, in part, by the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine protein kinase (AKT) pathway. Transfection of Sctr in Y1 adrenocortical carcinoma cells, expressing low endogenous levels of Sctr, stimulates cell proliferation also, in part, via the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade. Because of the link between SR and PI3K/AKT signaling, tumor cells expressing high levels of the receptor (MENX-associated primary pheochromocytoma and NCI-H727 human bronchopulmonary carcinoid cells) respond well and in a SR-dependent manner to PI3K inhibitors, such as NVP-BEZ235. The association between SR levels and response to PI3K inhibition might open new avenues for the treatment of tumors overexpressing this receptor.
Pulse and Spectrum Manipulation in the Minimum (Frequency) Shift Keying (MSK) Format (1976)

The minimum (frequency) shift keying (MSK) format is generalized to enable further improvements in the spectrum while retaining the well-known constant envelope property and the excellent communications efficiency of MSK. A specific alternative to MSK is presented, and the spectrum is compared with that of MSK. The theoretical limitations on possible further spectrum improvements are discussed.
PHOSPHATES IN CERAMIC WARE: I, IN OPAL GLASSES* (1941)

A bstract The theory has been advanced that the formation of apatite crystals is responsible for opacity in bone‐ash opals, which agrees with the experience of the writers in the formation of this group of minerals in magmatic melts. It also explains the characteristic behavior of bone‐ash glasses and provides means to avoid certain defects. The importance of phosphate opacification for opal glasses resistant to heat shock is briefly discussed.
Antiproliferative effects of antiestrogens and inhibitors of growth factor receptor signaling on endometrial cancer cells. (2010)

Under estrogen-reduced conditions, growth of ER-positive EC cells can be reduced by inhibitors of AKT, mTOR and the erbB pathway, whereas antiestrogens have no effects. In PTEN-positive HEC1A cells, the absence of estradiol probably restores OHT-induced ER-mediated repression of nuclear co-activators and increases susceptibility to inhibitors of the erbB pathway. In PTEN-negative Ishikawa cells, OHT in combination with any drug had no effects, but inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by everolimus in combination with gefitinib showed synergistic effects.
Utilization of channel reciprocity in advanced MIMO system (2010)

The multiple antenna technique is one of the most promising technologies to enhance system performance to reach the challenging requirements of IMT-Advanced technical requirement ITU-R M.2134[1]. Channel state information is essential to enable closed-loop multiple antenna techniques. Channel recipr
Fuzzy logic based on-line efficiency optimization control of an indirect vector controlled induction motor drive (2002)

Improvement of adjustable speed drive system efficiency is important not only from the viewpoints of energy savings and cooling system operation, but also from the broad perspective of environmental pollution. The paper describes the fuzzy logic-based online efficient optimal control of a drive that uses an indirect vector controlled induction motor speed control system in the inner loop. At steady-state light load operation, a fuzzy controller adaptively reduces the excitation current on the basis of measured input power such that, for a given load torque and speed, the drive settles down to the minimum input power; i.e., operates at maximum efficiency. The low frequency pulsating torque due to reduction of rotor flux is compensated in a feedforward manner. If the load torque or speed command changes, the efficiency search algorithm is abandoned and the rated flux is established to obtain the best transient response. The drive system, with the proposed efficiency optimization controller, is simulated with lossy models of power converter and machine, and its performance is thoroughly investigated. An experimental drive system with the proposed controller implemented on a TMS320C25 digital signal processor, is also tested in laboratory to validate the theoretical development.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neurons containing latency-associated transcripts are numerous and widespread in dorsal root ganglia following footpad inoculation of mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant in1814 (1993)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutant in1814 lacks the ability to trans-activate immediate early gene transcription and enter lytic replication but it can establish and reactivate from latency. We therefore investigated the number of neurons that expressed latency-associated transcripts (LATs) in animals latently infected with in1814, the rescued revertant (1814R), or wild-type (wt) HSV-1. The percentage of LAT+ neurons increased with increasing doses of each of the viruses. After inoculation of equal amounts of infectious virus many more LAT+ neurons were observed in animals infected with in1814 than with 1814R or wt HSV-1. Whereas the LAT+ neurons in animals infected with 1814R or wt HSV-1 were largely confined to lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) L4/L5/L6 (those which innervate the lower leg), in animals infected with in1814 they were also present in DRG not directly involved with such innervation (thoracic 12 and 13, L1, L2 and L3). We concluded that the large number of LAT+ neurons observed with in1814 was related to the high particle numbers in the inoculum and that spread of virus was related to limited replication as well as to the low neurovirulence of in1814. This spread was not unique to in1814 but when it occurred with more virulent viruses such as 1814R or wt HSV-1, it resulted in the death of the host.
Biological properties of essential oils: an updated review (2010)

Abstract In the last few years more and more studies on the biological properties of essential oils have been published and it seemed worthwhile to compile the studies of 2009, 2008 and the second part of 2007. Such an overview covering the scientific literature mainly from 2000 onwards, up to the first half of the year 2007, has been published recently. The focus of this overview lies on the anti‐nociceptive, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, penetration‐enhancing, insect repellent, antiviral and antioxidative properties of essential oils. Many essential oils have been used for centuries in folk medicine and in recent years the biological properties of various essential oils have been proved by a number of studies. Their use in the treatment of pain, inflammation, viral diseases and cancer and their potential to enhance the penetration of other drugs, their insect repellent activity and their antioxidative effects were confirmed. Nonetheless, more studies are necessary to analyse the biological properties of other essential oils or to prove their mechanism of action. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amino acid sequence of the smaller basic protein from rat brain myelin (1974)

1. The complete amino acid sequence of the smaller basic protein from rat brain myelin was determined. This protein differs from myelin basic proteins of other species in having a deletion of a polypeptide of 40 amino acid residues from the centre of the molecule. 2. A detailed comparison is made of the constant and variable regions in a group of myelin basic proteins from six species. 3. An arginine residue in the rat protein was found to be partially methylated. The ratio of methylated to unmethylated arginine at this position differed from that found for the human basic protein. 4. Three tryptic peptides were isolated in more than one form. The differences between the two forms of each peptide are discussed in relation to the electrophoretic heterogeneity of myelin basic proteins, which is known to occur at alkaline pH values. 5. Detailed evidence for the amino acid sequence of the protein has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50029 at the British Library (Lending Division) (formerly the National Lending Library for Science and Technology), Boston Spa, Yorks. LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies may be obtained on the terms given in Biochem. J. (1973) 131, 5.
Refined Procedures for Inoculating Wheat Seedlings with<i>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</i>and Rating Their Reactions (1994)

Systems for rating reaction of wheat to infection by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the tan spot pathogen, should be informative and reliable so that resistant cultivars can be efficiently developed. Therefore, the effects of propagule type, inoculum dosage, and spatial interaction among lesions on infection phenotype, infections per unit area, and percent disease severity were studied. Conidiophore inoculation of seedlings of wheat line ND 495, which is susceptible to tan spot, produced a lower infection phenotype, fewer infection sites per square centimeter, and less severe damage than conidia at equivalent dosages. Hyphal fragments were rarely infectious under a 24-hr postinoculation wet period. The relative reaction of the resistant wheat cultivar Eric to the three types of inoculum was similar to that of ND 495 [...]
Alternatives in complex object representation: a performance perspective (2002)

With database systems finding wider use in CAD, office information systems, and logic programming applications, the importance of efficiently representing and manipulating complex objects is growing. In this study a classification of the alternatives for representing complex objects is examined. Consideration is given to the performance aspects of one representation technique based on object identifiers. It is shown that clustering of subobjects with their referencing objects is rarely a good idea. In contrast, it is shown that caching the intermediate results of query processing can yield large benefits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Defining the Transmurality of a Chronic Myocardial Infarction by Ultrasonic Strain-Rate Imaging (2003)

Ultrasonic deformation values could clearly differentiate chronic nontransmural from transmural myocardial infarction. The transmural extension of the scar could be defined by the regional deformation response.
Aging and reference values of the parameters in optokinetic nystagmus. (1989)

Changes in optokinetic nystagmus by age were assessed, and preparation of reference values by age was made by the use of the data from 834 reference subjects. As a result, changes by age were observed at the test on optokinetic nystagmus. The reference values by these changes can be approximated with the quadratic and was considered, therefore, to be useful clinically. Four parameters were set for the test items for optokinetic nystagmus as the total number of nystagmus (NYS); the mean of eye velocity during the fast phase of nystagmus (FM); the algebraic summations of eye velocity (VEL) and amplitude (AMP) during the slow phase of nystagmus. As the process for statistical analysis, variables were divided into 7 groups, and after removing outlier (any extraneous data) in each group, changes in variables by age were assessed by the one-way analysis of variance and the method of multiple comparison (Ryan's method). As a result: 1) the age group of each variable seemed to develop into normal distribution; 2) it was presumed that change in NYS by age is less; 3-1) regarding FM, VEL and AMP, no change was observed in the variable by ages on 30s and 40s; and 3-2) however, decrease in the measured value was observed in ages on 60s along with aging. From these, the ages on 50s are the generation when the measured values of optokinetic nystagmus change. On the other hand, the reference values calculated, taking age into consideration, could be approximated with the quadratic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Usefulness of PCR and Antigen Latex Agglutination Test with Samples Obtained by Transthoracic Needle Aspiration for Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia (1999)

In a large number of cases, the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not established. Some cases are probably caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Transthoracic needle aspiration (TNA) culture has a limited sensitivity which might be improved by antigen detection or gene amplification techniques. We evaluated the capacity of a PCR assay and a latex agglutination test to detect S. pneumoniae in samples obtained by TNA from 95 patients with moderate-to-severe CAP. Latex agglutination and PCR had sensitivities of 52.2 and 91.3%, specificities of 88.7 and 83.3%, positive predictive values of 62.3 and 65.6%, and negative predictive values of 83.3 and 96.5%, respectively, when culture techniques were used as the "gold standard." When we considered expanded criteria for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia as a standard for our calculations, latex agglutination and PCR had sensitivities of 53.6 and 89.7%, specificities of 93.0 and 90.0%, positive predictive values of 78.9 and 81.3%, and negative predictive values of 80.3 and 94.7%, respectively. The additional diagnosis provided by the PCR assay compared to latex agglutination was 12.2% (95% confidence interval of the difference from 0.4 to 20. 1%). PCR was more sensitive than TNA culture, particularly in patients who had received prior antibiotic therapy (83.3 versus 33. 3%). Although PCR is a very sensitive and specific technique, it has not proved to be cost-effective in clinical practice. Conversely, latex agglutination is a fast and simple method whose results might have significant implications for initial antibiotic therapy.
α‐Aminochlormethylketone aus Aminosäuren und Peptiden als substratanaloge Inhibitoren der Leucinaminopeptidase (1973)

Abstract Es wird die Synthese von α‐Amino‐chlormethylketonen 1, 2 aus Aminosäuren mit freier und N‐alkylierter Aminogruppe über die Diazoketone sowie die Darstellung der entsprechenden Aminosäurehydrazide 4 beschrieben. Durch Kupplung von N‐Acylaminosäuren mit α‐Amino‐chlormethylketonen und Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe wurden α‐Amino‐chlormethylketone von Peptiden mit freier N‐terminaler Aminofunktion ( 3 ) erhalten. Es wird auf die Eigenschaften der Verbindungen und speziell die Instabilität der α‐Aminoketone eingegangen.
Simultaneous monitoring for parent ions of targeted daughter ions: a method for rapid screening using mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous monitoring for parent ions of targeted daughter ions: a method for rapid screening using mass spectrometry/mass spectrometryScott A. McLuckey, Gary L. Glish, and Barry C. GrantCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 1, 56–61Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00200a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00200a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regional Distribution and Prospects of Potash in China (2011)

中国被几小大陆人块(cratons ) 的合并形成，微，在不同 paleoclimatic 背景的块和 orogenic 带。它可以与另外的大陆人块被相关，但是有它的自己的特定的特征；因此中国的水兵和大陆人的构造环境盐的盆和盐，和钾碱，形成环境有一些特定的特征：部件材料的盐，形成的进程和差异的盐形成，在盐的差别，形成的年龄，移植和集中的多重阶段，以及海洋的盐的盆的小尺寸和在丰富的液体矿物质资源的迟了的阶段和出现的盐的盆的大变化。构造地下室的性质在钾碱盆的形成上施加了关键控制效果。稳定的构造区域为在伪，稳定的区域，和伪的钾碱集中是有利的，并且伪马厩区域在一个本地稳定的构造区域为盐集中和钾碱形成是有利的。大多数中国的主要的古老的盐的盆发生在伪， cratons (大陆人块) ；特别所有海洋的盐的盆与前寒武纪的地下室发生在大陆人块。这些区域是为钾碱搜索的关键的。最相对大，可溶的盐扔的规模在相对稳定的大陆人原子核被开发。根据中国是咸的构造领域的特征，形成盆被定位，诺思中国， Yangtze 和 Tarim， Qaidam 盐 minerogenetic 领域和北 Qiangtang，西方的云南盐 minerogenetic 带可以被区分。他们的盐和钾碱前景将独立被讨论。
COS/MOS parallel processor array (1970)

See abstr. B24941, C13648 of 1970.