gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Description of brain internal structures by means of spatial relations for MR image segmentation (2004)

This paper presents a method for segmenting internal brain structures in MR images. It introduces prior information in an original way through descriptions of the spatial arrangement of structures by means of spatial relations, which are represented in the fuzzy set framework. The method is hierarchical as the segmentation of a given structure is based on the previously segmented ones. The processing of each structure is decomposed into two stages: an initialization stage which makes extensive use of prior knowledge and a refinement stage using a 3D deformable model. The deformable model is guided by an external force representing the combination of a classical data term derived from an edge map and a force corresponding to a given spatial relation. We propose different ways to compute a force from a fuzzy set representing a relation or a combination of relations. Results obtained for the lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, the caudate nuclei and the thalami are promising. The proposed combination of spatial relations and deformable models has proved to be very useful to segment parts of the structures were no visible edges are present, improving the segmentation accuracy.
Analysis of Apolipoproteins in High Density Lipoproteins by High Performance Liquid Chromatography1 (1984)

A simple and rapid method for the analysis of apolipoproteins in high density lipoprotein (HDL) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed (Kinoshita et al. (1983) J. Biochem. 94, 615-617). With this method, using a sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an eluent, apolipoproteins can be analyzed from a very small amount of HDL fraction without delipidation using organic solvents. Separation profiles of apolipoproteins by this method were examined using several techniques. The elution pattern monitored by A280 can give precise quantitative as well as qualitative information about size-distribution of apolipoproteins, except for the apo C group. Moreover, separation of apo E from apo A-I was found to be improved by column elongation.
Optimal power control law for multimedia multirate CDMA systems (2002)

This paper considers the optimal reverse-link power control law for multimedia multirate DS/CDMA systems which offer services with different transmission rates (VBR or CBR) and quality of service (QoS) requirements. In the multimedia multirate CDMA system, the transmission power of a mobile station (MS) is proportional to a power control law, which is a function of its distance to the base station (BS), the transmission rates and interference level (number of active users). Each transmitted signal from the MS will be affected by path loss, Rayleigh fading and log-normal shadowing in the reverse link. The bit error probability of the asynchronous multirate CDMA system that takes the MS locations into account is derived first in order to derive the optimum power control functions. By applying the optimal power control functions to mobile stations, the QoS (bit error probability) requirements can be met, the system capacity (number of simultaneously transmitted users) can be maximized, and the power consumption can be minimized. Since the difficulty of deriving the optimal power control law in a closed form, we discretize the power control function so that dynamic programming (DP) can be utilized to obtain the optimal solution. The numerical results show that the optimal power control law can increase the system capacity and decrease the power consumption compared with other power control laws (eg. equal received bit energy) in the multimedia multirate CDMA system.
<title>CVD diamond growth by dc plasma torch</title> (1990)

A dc arc discharge plasma torch has been developed for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond growth. The apparatus and process parameters are described. Free-standing polycrystalline diamond samples of 50 mm by 50 mm by a few mm have been grown at high rates. The Raman spectra of the samples show little nondiamond structure. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that the diamond is highly twinned and has a high defect concentration. The infrared spectra indicate the presence of hydrogen contamination in the diamond via absorption bands associated with carbon-hydrogen motion. 2.
NOTES: Transfer of Rhizobium japonicum Buchanan 1980 to Bradyrhizobium gen. nov., a Genus of Slow-Growing, Root Nodule Bacteria from Leguminous Plants (1982)

Recent data indicate that the slow-growing, non-acid-producing root nodule bacteria of leguminous plants should be separated from the fast-growing, acid-producing strains and placed in a new genus. The separation is warranted by numerical taxonomy, deoxyribonucleic acid base ratio determinations, nucleic acid hybridization, ribosomal ribonucleic acid cistron similarities, serology, composition of extracellular gum, carbohydrate utilization and metabolism, bacteriophage and antibiotic susceptibilities, protein composition, and types of intracellular inclusion bodies in the bacteroid forms. The name proposed for the new genus is Bradyrhizobium. The type species of the genus is B. japonicum (Buchanan 1980) comb. nov. (basonym: Rhizobium japonicum Buchanan 1980), the type strain of which is ATCC 10324.
Septic complications after biliary tract stone surgery: a review and report of the European prospective study. (1997)

We report a prospective, controlled study of the incidence of septic complications following biliary tract stone surgery. This study included a total of 280 patients operated on in eight hospitals in various European countries. In this study the computer program "Surgery" was used. Of 280 patients, 77 (27.5%) were male and 203 (72.5%) were female. The age ranged from 20 to 92 years (mean 54.8 years); 78.9% of the cases corresponded to clean-contaminated surgery; 85% of the patients received antibiotic prophylaxis with cefazolin. Twenty-one patients developed postoperative septic complications (7.5%) of which 12 (4.3%) were wound infections; five patients (1.8%) had intra-abdominal infections. The wound infection rate was 3.2% in clean-contaminated surgery, 7.7% in contaminated and 20% in dirty (p < 0.02). In laparoscopic cholecystectomy the global rate of septic complications was 3.6% vs. 12.6% in open cholecystectomy (p < 0.01); 2.4% and 6.3% wound infection respectively. The mean age of patients who developed postoperative septic complications was 61.5 years and 54.2 years old who did not develop any complications (p < 0.03). The duration of the postoperative period was 5 days in patients without infection and 13 days in patients with infection (p < 0.0001). Two patients died, one of them (0.4%) caused by sepsis. In addition to the European prospective study, a review of the problems of sepsis in biliary surgery was carried out.
Noncontact Endocardial Mapping: Reconstruction of Electrograms and Isochrones From Intracavitary Probe Potentials (1997)

Results indicate the applicability of the approach to mapping the cardiac excitation process on a beat-by-beat basis without occluding the ventricle. The ability of locating electrical events (e.g., single or multiple initiation sites) is demonstrated. Importantly, the method is shown to be capable of reconstructing electrograms over the entire endocardium and determining nonuniformities of activation spread (e.g., areas of slow conduction). These capabilities are important to clinical application in the electrophysiology laboratory and experimental studies of arrhythmias in the intact animal.
Incremental formalization of document annotations through ontology-based paraphrasing (2004)

For the manual semantic markup of documents to become wide-spread, usersmust be able to express annotations that conform to ontologies (orschemas) that have shared meaning. However, a typical user is unlikelyto be familiar with the details of the terms as defined by the ontology authors. In addition, the idea to be expressed may not fit perfectly within a pre-defined ontology. The ideal tool should help users find apartial formalization that closely follows the ontology where possiblebut deviates from the formal representation where needed. We describe animplemented approach to help users create semi-structured semantic annotations for a document according to an extensible OWL ontology. In our approach, users enter a short sentence in free text to describe allor part of a document, and the system presents a set of potential paraphrases of the sentence that are generated from valid expressions inthe ontology, from which the user chooses the closest match. We use a combination of off-the-shelf parsing tools and breadth-first search of expressions in the ontology to help users create valid annotations starting from free text. The user can also define new terms to augmentthe ontology, so the potential matches can improve over time.
Virtual top-view camera calibration for accurate object representation (2016)

Simple perspective transforms are used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in vehicles for converting captured images of lateral, front, and rear views into a synthesized top-view image, which displays the scene as viewed from above the vehicle. These transforms, however, are typically derived using a basic calibration procedure that is only capable of correctly mapping ground-plane points in captured images to their corresponding locations in the top-view image, and any off-the-ground points look distorted. We present a new method, which uses four orthogonally-placed fisheye cameras, for calibrating a top-view image, in which objects and off-the-ground points are accurately represented.
Electrostatic force spectroscopy on insulating surfaces: the effect of capacitive interaction (2009)

Scanning surface probes delivered from atomic force microscopy (AFM) are expected to investigate local electrostatic properties on insulating surfaces by forces. Electrostatic force spectroscopy is especially suitable to clarify the capacitive interaction. In order to perform it at a well-defined tip–surface separation, we developed a dynamic mode, in which the tip–surface separation is regulated by maintaining the cantilever oscillation amplitude with an active feedback, while the electrostatic force gradient is simultaneously detected with a variable resonant frequency shift. Using the method, it turns out that the quadratic dependence of the electrostatic force gradient on an applied bias observed on an insulating Al2O3(0001) is comparable to those on a metallic Au(111). It results from the potential difference between the tip and the insulator surface being only one order smaller than that between the tip and the metal surface despite the spacing between electrodes for the insulator being 106 times larger than for the metal, because the capacitive interaction is modified primarily between the sharp AFM tip and the surface.
Two-step Mechanism of Binding of Apolipoprotein E to Heparin (2004)

The interaction of apolipoprotein E (apoE) with cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans is an important step in the uptake of lipoprotein remnants by the liver. ApoE interacts predominantly with heparin through the N-terminal binding site spanning the residues around 136-150. In this work, surface plasmon resonance analysis was employed to investigate how amphipathic alpha-helix properties and basic residue organization in this region modulate binding of apoE to heparin. The apoE/heparin interaction involves a two-step process; apoE initially binds to heparin with fast association and dissociation rates, followed by a step exhibiting much slower kinetics. Circular dichroism and surface plasmon resonance experiments using a disulfide-linked mutant, in which opening of the N-terminal helix bundle was prevented, demonstrated that there is no major secondary or tertiary structural change in apoE upon heparin binding. Mutations of Lys-146, a key residue for the heparin interaction, greatly reduced the favorable free energy of binding of the first step without affecting the second step, suggesting that electrostatic interaction is involved in the first binding step. Although lipid-free apoE2 tended to bind less than apoE3 and apoE4, there were no significant differences in rate and equilibrium constants of binding among the apoE isoforms in the lipidated state. Discoidal apoE3-phospholipid complexes using a substitution mutant (K143R/K146R) showed similar binding affinity to wild type apoE3, indicating that basic residue specificity is not required for the effective binding of apoE to heparin, unlike its binding to the low density lipoprotein receptor. In addition, disruption of the alpha-helix structure in the apoE heparin binding region led to an increased favorable free energy of binding in the second step, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions contribute to the second binding step. Based on these results, it seems that cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan localizes apoE-enriched remnant lipoproteins to the vicinity of receptors by fast association and dissociation.
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Fluoxetine-Controlled, Multicenter Study of Paroxetine in the Treatment of Depression (1993)

Paroxetine is a novel phenylpiperidine antidepressant agent that acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake. We report results of a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study comparing paroxetine and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depression. One hundred seventy-eight inpatients, who met DSM-III-R criteria for a major depressive episode and had a Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score of 24 or more, were included in the study. Their ages ranged from 18 to 65 years. Subjects were randomized to receive either paroxetine or fluoxetine for 6 weeks. A 20-mg fixed dose, given once daily in the morning, was used for both drugs. After baseline, regular assessments were made at the end of weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Efficacy measures included the MADRS, the Clinical Global Impression severity of illness scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and the Visual Analogue Scale for anxiety. Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse event reports, clinical examinations, vital signs, and laboratory data. A marked antidepressant response and good tolerability were seen with both drugs. These results further support the usefulness of paroxetine in the treatment of depressive illness.
Preliminary Mathematical Analysis of a Rigid-Airfoil, Hydrofoil Water Conveyance (1971)

An optimum configuration for a rigid-airfoil, hydrofoil water conveyance of the sailer aft type is described. The historical background of such craft is discussed, and the various developments leading to the current state-of-the-art are reviewed. The basic equations of motion for an optimized craft are developed and analyzed in order to indicate the efficiency of this novel approach to one of man's most ancient means of transportation.
Use of Normal and Transgenic Mice to Examine the Relationship between Terminal Differentiation of Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Accumulation of Their Cell Cycle Regulators (1996)

A spatially well organized continuum of proliferation, differentiation, and death is displayed along crypt-villus units in the adult mouse small intestine. This continuum provides an opportunity to examine in vivo the mechanisms by which proliferative status changes as a function of cellular differentiation. Immunohistochemical studies of normal FVB/N mice revealed that as epithelial cells complete their terminal differentiation during a 48-72-h migration up villi, there is a marked and rapid fall in the levels of two important regulators of the G1/S transition, cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2. However, cellular levels of their partners, cdk4 and cyclin E, remain unchanged as does the level of pRB. Adult FVB/N transgenic mice were studied that contained an intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene promoter (Fabpi) linked to wild type Simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40 TAgWt) or a mutant TAg with Lys for Glu substitutions at residues 107 and 108 (SV40 TAgK107/8) that fails to bind pRB and related pocket proteins. Both transgenes are expressed only in villus enterocytes. SV40 TAgWt causes these terminally differentiated cells to re-enter the cycle. Re-entry is accompanied by a reduction in un/hypophosphorylated pRB, an induction of cyclin D1 and cdk2, but no change in cdk4, cyclin E, or E2F-1. In contrast, SV40 TAgK107/8 fails to induce re-entry and does not produce changes in un/hypophosphorylated pRB, cyclin D1, or cdk2 accumulation. These results suggest that un/hypophosphorylated pRB is an important mediator of the cell cycle arrest that normally occurs as enterocytes exit the crypt and complete their differentiation. Fabpi-directed expression of E2F-1 does not cause villus enterocytes to return to the cell cycle, alter their suppression of cyclin D1 or cdk2, or affect their state of differentiation, emphasizing the insensitivity of these cells to the effects of E2F-1. Analyses of p53(-/-) and p53(+/+) mice containing Fabpi-SV40 TAgWt and Fabpi-SV40 TAgK107/8 established that the proliferation induced by SV40 TAgWt does not require p53 and is associated with increased (p53-independent) apoptosis. The presence of cyclin E and cdk4 in differentiating villus enterocytes emphasizes that these cells retain part of their proliferative heritage expressed 24-72 h earlier in the crypt. The data suggest that down-regulation of cdk2 and/or cyclin D1 expression may be important for control of proliferative status and/or execution of terminal differentiation.
Authenticating multicast Internet electronic mail messages using a bidirectional MAC is insecure (1992)

The 1988 version of the message encryption and authentication procedures for Internet electronic mail makes use of bidirectional MAC (BMAC). When used for multicast electronic mail it is important that this BMAC act as a one-way function. It is shown that it is not a one-way function, which means that the BMAC technique should not be used for authenticating multicast messages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: LFC by coordinated virtual inertia mimicking and PEVs in power utility with MW-class distributed PV generation (2012)

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles <br><br>"LFC by Coordinated Virtual Inertia Mimicking and PEVs in Power Utility with MW-class Distributed PV Generation," <br> by M. Datta, H. Ishikawa, H. Naitoh and T. Senjyu, <br>in the Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 13th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), pp. 1-8. <br><br> After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE’s Publication Principles. <br><br>This paper contains large portions of original text from the paper cited below. The original text was copied without insufficient attribution (including appropriate references to the original author(s) and/or paper title) and without permission. <br><br>"Dynamic Frequency Control Support: A Virtual Inertia Provided by Distributed Energy Storage to Isolated Power Systems," <br>by G. Delille, B. François and G. Malarange, <br> in the Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe), pp. 1-8.<br><br> <br/> This paper presents a load frequency control (LFC) by using distributed energy storage systems (ESSs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in a large power system with MW-level distributed PV generation. The ESSs are controlled to mimic virtual inertia. Controls are done in two levels: central and local. An optimal virtual inertia is calculated considering the total PV power variation in a control area. Based on this, central ESS power command is decided and by coordination, this central ESS power command is distributed to the local ESSs to emulate the optimal virtual inertia. PEVs are used for the LFC considering user convenience, availability and state of charge (SOC) of the batteries. Effectiveness of the proposed method to provide LFC is verified by numerical simulation results.
S .fwdarw. N and N .fwdarw. S reverse rearrangement of S- and N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)cysteines (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTS .fwdarw. N and N .fwdarw. S reverse rearrangement of S- and N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)cysteinesHiroki Kondo, Fumio Moriuchi, and Junzo SunamotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 7, 1333–1336Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00320a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00320a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biosynthetic Pathway to the Cancer Chemopreventive Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside−Hydroxymethyl Glutaryl Ester-Linked Lignan Oligomers in Flax (<i>Linum </i><i>u</i><i>sitatissimum)</i> Seed (2001)

Application of stable and radioisotope precursor/tracer experiments resulted in the identification of various phenylpropanoid, monolignol, and lignan metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of the cancer chemopreventive secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG; 1)-containing ester-linked “polymer(s)” in flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed. Individual analysis of size-segregated flax seed capsules at five early stages of their development provided a metabolic profile of intermediates leading to “biopolymer” biosynthesis. The use of 1H and 13C NMR and HRMS analyses resulted in the identification of 6a-HMG (hydroxymethyl glutaryl) SDG (17) and 6a,6a‘-di-HMG SDG (18) as the two major components of the ester-linked “biopolymer(s)”. Based on metabolic tracer analyses and relative radioisotopic incorporations throughout each of these five stages of seed development, a biochemical pathway is proposed from phenylalanine to SDG (1), with subsequent mono- and di-substitutions of SDG (1) with HMG CoA. These metabolites then serve as precursors for formation of the SDG−HMG ester-linked oligomers. Results from this study will facilitate future isolation and characterization of the proteins and enzymes involved in biosynthesis of the SDG−HMG ester-linked oligomers in flax seed.