gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Energy Changes Conductivity and Determines Optimal Electrotransformation Frequency in Gram-Negative Bacteria (1992)

In many bacterial electrotransformation protocols, pulse time is related to the time constant for a capacitor discharging across a sample of fixed resistance. Using an electroporator which controls pulse time independently of the capacitor time constant, we found that the resistance of bacterial suspensions fluctuates widely during capacitor discharge. With three gram-negative species of bacteria, electrotransformation frequency and survival could be more simply related to the electrical energy delivered in each pulse than to component parameters, such as initial field strength, capacitance, and pulse time. In each case, the number of transformants per survivor increased exponentially and leveled off when more than 0.5 to 1.0 J of electrical energy was delivered. An inverse log-linear relationship between survival and energy delivered was also observed for all three species.
Diffuse reflecting material for integrating cavity spectroscopy, including ring-down spectroscopy (2015)

We report the development of a diffuse reflecting material with measured reflectivity values as high as 0.99919 at 532 nm and 0.99686 at 266 nm. This material is a high-purity fumed silica, or quartz powder, with particle sizes on the order of 40 nm. We demonstrate that this material can be used to produce surfaces with nearly Lambertian behavior, which in turn can be used to form the inner walls of high-reflectivity integrating cavities. Light reflecting off such a surface penetrates into the material. This means there will be an effective "wall time" for each reflection off the walls in an integrating cavity. We measure this wall time and show that it can be on the order of several picoseconds. Finally, we introduce a technique for absorption spectroscopy in an integrating cavity based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy. We call this technique integrating cavity ring-down spectroscopy.
The effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the orientation distribution in a fiber suspension subject to simple shear flow (1995)

A single, non-Brownian fiber suspended in a viscous, Newtonian fluid undergoing simple shear flow rotates in one of a set of closed orbits known as Jeffery orbits. In a fiber suspension, the hydrodynamic interactions among the fibers determine the distribution of fibers among these orbits. The hydrodynamic interactions in dilute and semidilute suspensions have been studied using slender-body theory. Hydrodynamic, orientational diffusivities were obtained from an ensemble average of the fiber–fiber interactions. The steady-state fiber orientation distribution is controlled by the anisotropy and orientation dependence of the diffusivities. The steady-state and transient fiber orientation distributions are derived using a perturbation analysis for weak hydrodynamic orientational diffusion that is an extension of the work of Leal and Hinch [J. Fluid Mech. 46, 685 (1972)] for weak, isotropic, rotary Brownian motion. In the dilute regime, the steady-state experimental distributions of Anczurowski and Mason [J. Colloid Interface Science 23, 522 (1967)] do not agree with the theoretical predictions. An explanation for these discrepancies accompanied with new experimental results is presented in this work. The theoretical predictions for the steady-state orientation distribution, and the temporal orbit constant correlation function in the semidilute regime are in good agreement with the experimental results of Stover et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 238, 277 (1992)]. The correlation time for the fiber orientation is approximately inversely proportional to fiber concentration in both the dilute and semidilute regimes.
Alprazolam is relatively more toxic than other benzodiazepines in overdose (2004)

Alprazolam was significantly more toxic than other benzodiazepines. The increased prescription of alprazolam to groups with an increased risk of deliberate self poisoning is concerning and needs review.
A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) INFO Package for Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) Events (2010)

The SIP request method now supports explicit indication and
exchange of specified application information. Such usages are
documented as an INFO Package, following the requirements outlined
in [info-packages]. This document specifies one such SIP Package,
for the purpose of indicating DTMF signals.
Polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XRCC1 and ERCC2, smoking, and lung cancer risk. (2003)

XRCC1 (X-ray cross-complementing group 1) and ERCC2 (excision repair cross-complementing group 2) are two major DNA repair proteins. Polymorphisms of these two genes have been associated with altered DNA repair capacity and cancer risk. We have described statistically significant interactions between the ERCC2 polymorphisms (Asp312Asn and Lys751Gln) and smoking in lung cancer risk. In this case-control study of 1091 Caucasian lung cancer patients and 1240 controls, we explored the gene-environment interactions between the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism, alone or in combination with the two ERCC2 polymorphisms, and cumulative smoking exposure in the development of lung cancer. The results were analyzed using logistic regression models, adjusting for relevant covariates. Overall, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism (Gln/Gln versus Arg/Arg) was 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-1.8]. Stratified analyses revealed that the ORs decreased as pack-years increased. For nonsmokers, the adjusted OR was 2.4 (95% CI, 1.2-5.0), whereas for heavy smokers (>/=55 pack-years), the OR decreased to 0.5 (95% CI, 0.3-1.0). When the three polymorphisms were evaluated together, the adjusted ORs of the extreme genotype combinations of variant alleles (individuals with 5 or 6 variant alleles) versus wild genotype (individuals with 0 variant alleles) were 5.2 (95% CI, 1.7-16.6) for nonsmokers and 0.3 (95% CI, 0.1-0.8) for heavy smokers, respectively. Similar gene-smoking interaction associations were found when pack-years of smoking (or smoking duration and smoking intensity) was fitted as a continuous variable. In conclusion, cumulative cigarette smoking plays an important role in altering the direction and magnitude of the associations between the XRCC1 and ERCC2 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk.
Volatilização de N-NH3 na cultura de milho: I. efeito da irrigação e substituição parcial da uréia por sulfato de amônio (1997)

Foi desenvolvido um experimento em latossolo vermelho-escuro muito argiloso fase cerrado, no Centro de Pesquisas Novartis-Seeds, Uberlândia (MG), para avaliar o efeito da irrigação e do N-uréia, em cobertura no milho, e de sua substituição parcial por sulfato de amônio, nas perdas de N-NH3 volatilizado. O N foi aplicado aos 25 e 36 dias após plantio, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições: testemunha, uréia com irrigação anterior e posterior à aplicação de N nas duas coberturas e uréia + sulfato de amônio (relação N:S = 2,1:1) na primeira cobertura e uréia na segunda com irrigação anterior e posterior à aplicação. Nove amostragens de N-NH3 volatilizado foram efetuadas em intervalos de quatro a cinco dias, utilizando-se coletores do tipo semi-aberto estático, instalados logo após a primeira aplicação de N. Com irrigação posterior à adubação, as perdas acumuladas de N-NH3 foram de 40,6 e 23,0 % do N aplicado para os tratamentos com adubação exclusiva de uréia e substituição parcial com sulfato de amônio respectivamente. Com irrigação prévia, as perdas acumuladas foram, respectivamente, de 42,8 e 38,6 % do N aplicado. Embora não tenha havido diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, a substituição da uréia por sulfato de amônio foi positiva quando a irrigação foi efetuada após a adubação. Esse tratamento mostrou também o maior diâmetro de caule, altura de planta e teor foliar de nutrientes. O rendimento de grãos respondeu positivamente à aplicação de N. A correlação das perdas por volatilização de N-NH3 mostrou um ajuste linear inverso à produtividade dos tratamentos adubados, de tal forma que 19,3 kg ha-1 de grãos deixaram de ser produzidos por quilograma de N volatilizado.
A hybrid material of graphene and poly (3,4-ethyldioxythiophene) with high conductivity, flexibility, and transparency (2009)

A novel hybrid material prepared from graphene and poly (3,4-ethyldioxythiophene) (PEDOT) shows excellent transparency, electrical conductivity, and good flexibility, together with high thermal stability and is easily processed in both water and organic solvents. Conductivities of the order of 0.2 S/cm and light transmittance of greater than 80% in the 400–1800 nm wavelength range were observed for films with thickness of tens of nm. Practical applications in a variety of optoelectronic devices are thus expected for this transparent and flexible conducting graphene-based hybrid material.
Geometrical factors and interfacial processes affecting complex dielectric permittivity of partially saturated porous media (2006)

Methods for remote and ground‐based sensing of soil water content often rely on determination of bulk dielectric permittivity which may be affected by factors other than water content, such as interfacial polarization (Maxwell‐Wagner effect), phase configuration, and electrical conductivity. The complex interactions among these factors were modeled by the Maxwell‐Wagner‐Bruggeman‐Hanai formalism on the basis of self‐consistent differential effective medium approximation. The modeling framework considers porous media composed of coated inclusions and enables systematic evaluation of various factors on determination of water content at different measurement frequencies associated with different sensors. Simulation results illustrate the importance of accounting for phase configuration; using a simple saturation‐dependent weight function and only two typical phase configurations provided good agreement with a wide range of dielectric measurements spanning different porous media, saturations, and measurement frequencies. The model provides the necessary framework for incorporation of the Maxwell‐Wagner effect on standard measurements obtained by time domain reflectometry and through frequency response enables evaluation and a wide array of other sensors. Work is under way to incorporate effects of ambient conditions (temperature) and of bound water on bulk dielectric measurements.
A high linearity current mode second IF CMOS mixer for a DRM/DAB receiver (2015)

A passive current switch mixer was designed for the second IF down-conversion in a DRM/DAB receiver. The circuit consists of an input transconductance stage, a passive current switching stage, and a current amplifier stage. The input transconductance stage employs a self-biasing current reusing technique, with a resistor shunt feedback to increase the gain and output impedance. A dynamic bias technique is used in the switching stage to ensure the stability of the overdrive voltage versus the PVT variations. A current shunt feedback is introduced to the conventional low-voltage second-generation fully balanced multi-output current converter (FBMOCCII), which provides very low input impedance and high output impedance. With the circuit working in current mode, the linearity is effectively improved with low supply voltages. Especially, the transimpedance stage can be removed, which simplifies the design considerably. The design is verified with a SMIC 0.18 μm RF CMOS process. The measurement results show that the voltage conversation gain is 1.407 dB, the NF is 16.22 dB, and the IIP3 is 4.5 dBm, respectively. The current consumption is 9.30 mA with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. This exhibits a good compromise among the gain, noise, and linearity for the second IF mixer in DRM/DAB receivers.
Sheathlin: Cloning, cDNA/Polypeptide Sequences, and Immunolocalization of Porcine Enamel Sheath Proteins (1997)

Sheath proteins designate low-molecular-weight non-amelogenin enamel polypeptides and their parent protein, which concentrate in the sheath space separating rod and inter-rod enamel (Uchida et al., 1995). Two porcine sheath proteins, with apparent molecular weights of 13 and 15 kDa, are characterized by protein sequencing. The primary structures of these polypeptides match a portion of the derived amino acid sequences of clones isolated from a porcine enamel organ epithelia-specific cDNA library. Sheath protein RNA messages differ by the inclusion or deletion of a 45-nucleotide segment and by the use of three alternative polyadenylation/cleavage sites. The secreted proteins are 395 and 380 residues in length, with molecular masses of 42,358 and 40,279 Daltons and calculated isoelectric points of 6.3 and 6.7, respectively. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against a synthetic peptide having the sheathlin-specific sequence EHETQQYEYSGGC. Immunohistochemistry with this antibody demonstrates that the protein encoded by the sheathlin cDNA is preferentially localized in the sheath space. We propose that the porcine sheath proteins and their proteolytic cleavage products be designated "sheathlin".
A symmetrical z-axis gyroscope with a high aspect ratio using simple and new process (1999)

This paper reports on a symmetrical z-axis gyroscope, whose stiffness of sensing and driving mode is identical in spite of the fabrication and design errors. There is no need of the electrical tuning of frequencies for a high sensitivity because the effective masses of the driving and sensing directions are hardly changed. Furthermore, it is very simple to fabricate the gyroscope with a total chip size of 3/spl times/3.5/spl times/1 mm/sup 2/ using only one mask. The gyroscope structure is fabricated on an anodic bonded 40 /spl mu/m-thick silicon on glass. After the top silicon is etched using a deep RIE, a part of the glass under the silicon structure is etched by HF for releasing the top silicon structure. Since the depth of the etched glass under the silicon structure is about 20/spl sim/30 /spl mu/m, the damping and the stiction between the structure and the glass substrate are minimized. The minimum gap and the aspect ratio of this structure is 2 /spl mu/m and 20, respectively. Without an additional frequency tuning method, it is demonstrated that the difference between the two frequencies is about 85 Hz, and the noise equivalent rate is 0.01 deg/sec at 50 mTorr pressure.
Stimulatory Effect of Pigeon Milk Growth Factor on Protein and Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Neonate Mice (1992)

Effect of subcutaneously administered pigeon milk-derived growth factor (PMGF) on protein and nucleic acid content of various body organs was studied in neonate mice. Although the body and organ weights of PMGF-treated mice did not differ from those of controls, the weight of testes was significantly higher in the former than the latter. The treated animals had significantly greater content of protein (in liver and skin), DNA (in liver, lung, stomach, duodenum, ileum and rectum) and RNA (in liver, stomach, ileum and skin). The protein/DNA ratio was lower in many organs of PMGF-treated mice. These results indicate that the biological properties of PMGF bear semblance to those of epidermal growth factor isolated from mouse salivary gland and human milk.
Analysis of the Dissociation of H<sub>2</sub>O in Water Using First-Principles Molecular Dynamics (1999)

We have analyzed the structural, electronic, and dynamic properties along the reaction path of the dissociation of an H2O molecule in bulk water. There are four stages to the dissociation process, the last step being effected by a separation of hydroxyl and hydronium ions by two solvation shells. Structural as well as electronic data bear out this interpretation. In addition, by analyzing the electron localization function (ELF) around the oxygen in the hydroxyl ion, the question of why this species is most often 4-fold coordinated is addressed. The explanation arising from ELF is that unpaired electrons are symmetrically localized in a ring-shape around the O atom leading to the possibility of a planar solvation shell as observed in ab initio simulations. Finally, a dynamic analysis gives an indication of the femtosecond time-scale of the solvent response.
Resting-state network dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) literature to examine consistency of functional connectivity alterations in AD dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). METHODS Studies were screened using a standardized procedure. Multiresolution statistics were performed to assess the spatial consistency of findings across studies. RESULTS Thirty-four studies were included (1,363 participants, average 40 per study). Consistent alterations in connectivity were found in the default-mode, salience and limbic networks in patients with AD dementia, MCI, or in both groups. We also identified a bias in the literature towards specific examination of the default-mode network. DISCUSSION Convergent evidence across the literature supports the use of resting-state connectivity as a biomarker of AD. The locations of consistent alterations suggest that metabolically expensive hub regions in the brain might be an early target of AD.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMOLYSIS OF 1‐HOMOADAMANTYL HYPOIODITE. CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 10‐HOMOPROTOADAMANTAN‐4‐ONE (TRICYCLO(4.3.2.03,8)UNDECAN‐4‐ONE) (1978)

Abstract Aus dem l‐Homoadamantanol (Ia) entsteht das Hypoiodit (Ib), das mit Bleitetraacetat und Iod zum Iodmethyl‐keton (II) gespalten wird.
Port Fuel Injector Cleanliness Studies (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Results of numerous vehicle tests indicate that both unleaded and leaded gasolines when formulated with adequate dosages of an effective detergent additive can provide both port fuel injector (PFI) clean-up and keep-clean performance features even at very severe operating conditions. Significant reductions in flow restriction due to PFI clean-up were observed with several detergent additized fuels. The premium fuel additive dosage demonstrated rapid injector clean-up in relatively short mileage. The regular fuel additive dosage demonstrated excellent injector keep-clean capability even in relatively unstable fuels. Improvements in acceleration rate (10 to 161), driveability and idle quality were also observed associated with PFI clean-up.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Results from nine vehicles tested at both controlled and consumer test conditions indicate that engine and injector design, driving cycle and fuel quality are key factors influencing deposit build-up.</div>
Synthesis and Mechanochemical Activation of Ladderene–Norbornene Block Copolymers (2018)

We have recently reported a polymechanophore system, polyladderene (PLDE), which dramatically transforms into polyacetylene (PA) upon mechanical stimulation. Herein, we optimized conditions to synthesize unprecedented block copolymers (BCPs) containing a force-responsive block by sequential ring-opening metathesis polymerization of different norbornenes and bromoladderene. Successful extension from PLDE to other blocks required careful timing and low temperatures to preserve the reactivity of the PLDE-appended catalyst. The PLDE-containing BCPs were sonochemically activated into visually soluble PA with a maximum absorption λ ≥ 600 nm and unique absorption patterns corresponding to noncontinuous activation of ladderene units. Access to polymechanophore BCPs paves the way for new stress-responsive materials with solution and solid state self-assembly behaviors and incorporation of polymechanophores into other materials.
Rheological Properties Affecting the Fuel Economy of Multigrade Automotive Gear Lubricants (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper highlights the use of a light duty axle efficiency test for evaluating the fuel economy performance of automotive gear lubricants. Both final peak axle temperatures and torque efficiencies are recorded for several multigrade automotive gear lubricants. The dependence of temperature on torque efficiencies for the gear lubricants tested are discussed for a variety of driving conditions: city, highway and severe service. Temperature and torque efficiency data show strong dependence on additive system and viscosity- temperature characteristics of the gear lubricants under different driving conditions. A discussion of lubricant rheology and its importance to maintaining film strength for adequate bearing and gear lubrication as related to optimum torque efficiency and axle temperature under varying loads and pinion speeds is also provided.</div>
Verbmobil : translation of face-to-face dialogs (1993)

Verbmobil is a long-term project on the translation of spontaneous language in negotiation dialogs. We describe the goals of the project, the chosen discourse domains and the initial project schedule. We discuss some of the distinguishing features of Verbmobil and introduce the notion of translation on demand and variable depth of processing in speech translation. Finally, the role of anytime modules for efficient dialog translation in close to real time is described.
<i>BDNF</i> Val66Met predicts cognitive decline in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (2017)

In a middle-aged cohort with AD risk, carriage of the <i>BDNF</i> Met allele was associated with steeper decline in episodic memory and executive function. This decline was exacerbated by greater Aβ burden. These results suggest that the <i>BDNF</i> Val66Met polymorphism may play an important role in cognitive decline and could be considered as a target for novel AD therapeutics.
Hover Signal-Profile Detection (2020)

The touch screen market continues to develop rapidly, capturing an increasing variety of applications. One of the more advanced features that can improve user-friendly interaction is Hover technology. This means a finger position can be determined while approaching, but not yet touching, the touchscreen or touchpad.An approaching finger can be detected using different physical principles. Currently, the most common are infrared, optical, magnetic, and capacitive sensors.Cypress Semiconductor uses capacitive sensors to detect Hover. The advantage of this technology is that a capacitive Hover solution is largely compatible with standard multi-finger touch technology, if the sense-electronics can detect these extremely small Hover signals.The use of Hover technology in automotive touchscreens, for example, can increase operational safety. This allows the driver to perform certain operations (such as changing the volume of the radio, or making/rejecting phone calls) with a simple gesture instead of reaching to the touchscreen for a specific button and thus distracting from the situation on the road.The challenge is to develop algorithms that provide stable finger detection across the touchscreen where the signal-to-noise ratio is extremely unfavorable.
Experimental robotic excavation with fuzzy logic and neural networks (2002)

This paper describes experimental results for autonomous robotic rock excavation with fuzzy logic and neural networks. An excavation goal is decomposed into several tasks, whereas a take is accomplished by executing appropriate excavation behaviors. Finally, a behavior is carried out by a sequence of primitive, machine executing excavation actions. Excavation goals, tasks, and behaviors are specified using finite state machines (FSM) based on excavation heuristics and expertise from skilled human operators. The decision making in the FSMs are implemented using neural networks which are capable of improving their performance from previous task executions. Excavation actions are given using fuzzy logic rules acquired from human experience and heuristics. Several experiments are presented that demonstrate the system's ability to complete required excavation tasks effectively.