gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Stability of the Ternary Interferon-Receptor Complex Rather than the Affinity to the Individual Subunits Dictates Differential Biological Activities (2008)

Type I interferons (IFNs) signal for their diverse biological effects by binding a common receptor on target cells, composed of the two transmembrane IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 proteins. We have previously differentially enhanced the antiproliferative activity of IFN by increasing the weak binding affinity of IFN to IFNAR1. In this study, we further explored the affinity interdependencies between the two receptor subunits and the role of IFNAR1 in differential IFN activity. For this purpose, we generated a panel of mutations targeting the IFNAR2 binding site on the background of the IFNalpha2 YNS mutant, which increases the affinity to IFNAR1 by 60-fold, resulting in IFNAR2-to-IFNAR1 binding affinity ratios ranging from 1000:1 to 1:1000. Both the antiproliferative and antiviral potencies of the interferon mutants clearly correlated to the in situ binding IC(50) values, independently of the relative contributions of the individual receptors, thus relating to the integral lifetime of the complex. However, the antiproliferative potency correlated throughout the entire range of affinities, as well as with prolonged IFNAR1 receptor down-regulation, whereas the antiviral potency reached a maximum at binding affinities equivalent to that of wild-type IFNalpha2. Our data suggest that (i) the specific activity of interferon is related to the ternary complex binding affinity and not to affinity toward individual receptor components and (ii) although the antiviral pathway is strongly dependent on pSTAT1 activity, the cytostatic effect requires additional mechanisms that may involve IFNAR1 down-regulation. This differential interferon response is ultimately mediated through distinct gene expression profiling.
Determining Transportation Mode through Cellphone Sensor Fusion (2011)

Contextual awareness is a field that allows computer systems to provide users and their applications with valuable information about the world around us, such as the ‘Mode of Transportation’ of a given user. This data can be used in many different ways, for example, the analysis of traffic patterns and CO2 emissions. In this thesis, I designed and implemented a mobile application that determines the user’s current mode of transportation. This is done by applying a Boosted Naive Bayes classifier to data collected from the sensors of the mobile device. Generating this Boosted Naive Bayes classifier required me to first develop an application to collect training data. I then applied several Naive Bayes classifiers to these data. Finally, I applied the AdaBoost algorithm to these classifiers to obtain the boosted classifier. The Boosted Naive Bayes classifier performs better than its unboosted counterparts. Boosting can be a useful tool to apply to context recognition problems. Thesis Supervisor: Professor Seth Teller Title: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department
Structurally integrated fiber optic damage assessment system for composite materials (1989)

Progress toward the development of a fiber optic damage assessment system for composite materials is reported. This system, based on the fracture of embedded optical fibers, has been characterized with respect to the orientation and location of the optical fibers in the composite. Together with a special treatment, these parameters have been tailored to yield a system capable of detecting the threshold of damage for various impacted Kevlar/epoxy panels. The technique has been extended to measure the growth of a damage region which could arise from either impact, manufacturing flaws, or static overloading. The mechanism of optical fiber fracture has also been investigated. In addition, the influence of embedded optical fibers on the tensile and compressive strength of the composite material has been studied. Image enhanced backlighting has been shown to be a powerful and convenient method of assessing internal damage to translucent composite materials.
REVIEWS (1947)

REVIEWS Get access England and the Continent in the Eighth Century, by WILHELM LEVISON. Pp. xii+347. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. 20s. J. N. L. MYRES J. N. L. MYRES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-XLVIII, Issue 189-190, January-April 1947, Pages 99–104, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-XLVIII.189-190.99 Published: 01 April 1947
Three-dimensional arrangement of F-actin in the contractile ring of fission yeast (2007)

The contractile ring, which is required for cytokinesis in animal and yeast cells, consists mainly of actin filaments. Here, we investigate the directionality of the filaments in fission yeast using myosin S1 decoration and electron microscopy. The contractile ring is composed of around 1,000 to 2,000 filaments each around 0.6 mum in length. During the early stages of cytokinesis, the ring consists of two semicircular populations of parallel filaments of opposite directionality. At later stages, before contraction, the ring filaments show mixed directionality. We consider that the ring is initially assembled from a single site in the division plane and that filaments subsequently rearrange before contraction initiates.
Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with use of low-dose aspirin (2000)

Use of low-dose aspirin was associated with an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, with still higher risks when combined with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Enteric coating did not seem to reduce the risk. The findings from this observational study raise the possibility that prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin may convey an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, which may offset some of its benefits.
Morphological characteristics of colony development in Micromonospora chalcea (1985)

Colonies of Micromonospora chalcea display two types of mycelia. Vegetative mycelia are nonbranched, have a propensity for parallel disposition, and possess infrequent septa. The reproductive mycelia develop on their apical portion and are characterized by branching, frequent septation, and bearing of spores that are either sessile or at the end of small sporophores.
Infections in Infants Fed Formula Supplemented With Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membranes (2014)

Supplementation of formula with bovine MFGM reduces the risk of AOM, decreases antipyretics use in formula-fed infants, and has immunomodulatory effects on humoral response against pneumococcus vaccine.
Oculomotor Control and Cognitive Processes: Normal and Pathological Aspects (1991)

Neural networks applied to the oculomotor system (D.A. Robinson). Eye movements in neurological diagnosis: Huntington's disease and congenital nystagmus (D.S. Zee). Neurophysiology of Eye Movements. Localization of targets in humans: the role of ocular muscle proprioception (D. Nommay et al). Effects of severance of the vestibular commissural pathway on the neural integrator of the oculomotor system in cat (E. Godaux, G. Cheron). Representation of three-dimensional eye movements in the cerebellar flocculus of the rabbit (J. van der Steen et al). Effects of floccular injections of noradrenergic agonists and antagonists on adaptive changes in the VOR gain (J. van Neerven et al). The Control of Eye Movements. Human vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) and vestibular velocity storage as influenced by optokinetic stimuli (E. Koenig et al). Vertical gaze stability in cat: otolithic contribution (V.E. Pettorossi et al). Post-rotational nystagmus suppression by the presentation of a single visual target in cat and man (G. Magenes et al). Adaptive mechanisms in the monkey saccadic system (P. Inchingolo et al). Human express saccades: catch trails influence the probability of their occurrence (M. Juttner, W. Wolf). Eye-Head Coordination. Adaptation of eye and head movements to reduced peripheral vision (G.M. Gauthier et al). Coupled and dissociated modes of eye-head coordination in humans to flashed visual target (S. Ron, A. Berthoz). Superior colliculus and feedback control of gaze shift in the head-free cat (D. Pelisson et al). Strategies of eye-head coordination (R. Schmid, D. Zambarbieri). Eye Movements in Pathology. Sensory and motor aspects of congenital nystagmus (R.V. Abadi et al). Head-shaking nystagmus - A clinical tool to detect peripheral and central vestibular asymmetries (M. Fetter et al). Saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements in olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophies (M. Spanio et al). Slow eye movement abnormalities in Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome (W. Waespe). Eye tracking dysfunctions in schizophrenic patients - Why is there no neuroleptic side-effect? (N. Hock et al). Eye Movements and Cognitive Processes. A mathematical analysis of the convenient viewing position hypothesis and its components (M. Brysbaert, G. d'Ydewalle). Is there an optimal landing position in words during reading of texts? (F. Vitu, J.K. O'Regan). Processing of prepositions as reflected by gaze durations (A. Wilbertz et al). The latency of saccadic eye movements to texture-defined stimuli (H. Deubel, H. Frank). Does thinking aloud influence the structure of cognitive processes? (U. Lass et al). Eye movements in visual search: a test of the limited cognitive effort hypothesis and an analysis of the search operating characteristic (A.M. Jacobs). Applied Research. Colour, effective contrast and search performance (J.L. Barbur et al). Video-oculography - An alternative method for measurement of three-dimensional eye movements (A.H. Clarke et al).
Characterization of a K26Q site-directed mutant of human parathyroid hormone expressed in yeast (1991)

Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) is susceptible to proteolytical cleavage both in humans and when expressed as a secretory product in Escherichia coli (Høgseth, A., Blingsmo, O. R., Saether, O., Gautvik, V. T., Holmgren, E., Hartmanis, M., Josephson, S., Gabrielsen, O. S., Gordeladze, J. O., Alestrøm, P., and Gautvik, K. M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 7338-7344) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Gabrielsen, O. S., Reppe, S., Saether, O., Blingsmo, O. R., Sletten, K., Gordeladze, J. O., Høgset, A., Gautvik, V. T., Alestrøm, P., Oyen, T. B., and Gautvik, K. M. (1990) Gene (Amst.) 90, 255-262). In the latter system, one major site of cleavage was identified (Arg25-Lys26 decreased Lys27). To produce hPTH resistant to this proteolytic processing, a point mutation changing Lys26 to Gln was introduced, and the modified gene expressed in S. cerevisiae as a fusion protein with the alpha-factor leader sequence. The resulting major form of hPTH secreted to the growth medium was of full length showing that the mutation had eliminated internal processing. Consequently, the yield of the mutant hormone was significantly higher than obtained with the natural peptide. Using improved purification procedures, a significantly higher purity was also obtained. The secreted mutant hPTH-(1-84,Q26) had the correct size, full immunological reactivity with two different hPTH antisera, correct amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence, and correct mass as determined by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the introduced mutation did not reduce the biological activity of the hormone as judged from its action in three biological assay systems: 1) a hormone-sensitive osteoblast adenylate cyclase assay; 2) an in vivo calcium mobilizing assay in rats; and 3) an in vitro bone resorption assay.
A Three Megavolt Transformer for PFL Pulse Charging (1979)

High voltage pulse transformer powered by low voltage capacitor banks have proven to be simple reliable systems for charging pulse forming transmission lines (PFL) up to the one megavolt range. A new transformer has been developed which will operate up to three megavolts in a PFL charging application. This transformer establishes the feasibility of multimegavolt operation and retains the features of compactness and high energy transfer efficiency that has been characteristic of lower voltage systems. This report includes a description of the physical features of the transformer, its electrical characteristics and a discussion of the operational results.
La fracture numérique est-elle une fatalité ? (2004)

International audience
Oxalic Acid (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 2.1. Anhydrous Oxalic Acid 2.2. Oxalic Acid Dihydrate 3. Chemical Properties 4. Production Processes and Raw Materials 4.1. Oxidation of Carbohydrates 4.2. Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol 4.3. Oxidation of Propene 4.4. Production from Carbon Monoxide 4.5. Production of Anhydrous Oxalic Acid 5. Chemical Analysis 6. Uses 6.1. Metal Treatment 6.2. Textile Treatment 6.3. Bleaching Agents 6.4. Chemical Uses 7. Economic Aspects 8. Storage, Handling, Transportation, Waste Disposal 9. Derivatives 9.1. Salts 9.2. Organic Derivatives 10. Toxicology
Discussion on Construction of Emergency and Response System of Petrochemical Enterprises (2009)

This paper discusses the object, contents, technological methods and system characteristics of emergency and response systemofpetrochemical enterprises fromits construction.
How does P-glycoprotein recognize its substrates? (1998)

P-glycoprotein actively transports a wide variety of chemically diverse compounds out of the cell. Based on a comparison of 100 compounds previously tested as P-glycoprotein substrates we suggest that a set of well-defined structural elements is required for an interaction with P-glycoprotein. The recognition elements are formed by 2 (type I unit) or 3 electron donor groups (type II unit) with a fixed spatial separation. Type I units consist of 2 electron donor groups with a spatial separation of 2.5 +/- 0.3 A. Type II units contain either 2 electron donor groups with a spatial separation of 4.6 +/- 0.6 A or 3 electron donor groups with a spatial separation of the outer 2 groups of 4.6 +/- 0.6 A. All molecules which contain at least 1 type I or 1 type II unit are predicted to be P-glycoprotein substrates. The binding to P-glycoprotein increases with the strength and the number of electron donor or hydrogen-bonding acceptor groups forming the type I and type II units. Correspondingly a high percentage of amino acids with hydrogen bonding donor side chains is found in the transmembrane sequences of P-glycoprotein relevant for substrate interaction. Molecules which minimally contain 1 type II unit are predicted to be inducers of P-glycoprotein overexpression.
"Cross-Talk" between Cell Division Cycle and Development in Plants (2002)

The elaboration of plant form and function depends on the ability of a plant cell to divide and differentiate. The decisions of individual cells to enter the cell cycle, maintain proliferation competence, become quiescent, expand, differentiate, or die depend on the perception of various signals.
Analysis of erythropoiesis by erythroid colony formation in culture. (1978)

The development of clonal assays for hemopoietic progenitors has provided new tools for the analysis of normal and abnormal cell regulation. Such assays have been applied to erythropoiesis and have demonstrated classes of precursors which differ significantly in their growth potential, physical characteristics, and sensitivity to the hormone, erythropoietin. A formal geneology of these classes has been established and insight into the factors that regulate the numbers of the classes provided by studies in anemic and polycythemic animals. The results suggest that commitment to the earliest erythroid progenitors recognizable in culture is not controlled by erythropoietin, whereas the most differentiated elements demonstrate a requirement for the hormone for their maintenance. Recognition of differences in the factors that control erythroid differentiation predict that a variety of mechanisms will be found to account for different forms of erythroid failure in man.
An Alternative Approach to ChIP-Seq Normalization Enables Detection of Genome-Wide Changes in Histone H3 Lysine 27 Trimethylation upon EZH2 Inhibition (2016)

Chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) has been instrumental in inferring the roles of histone post-translational modifications in the regulation of transcription, chromatin compaction and other cellular processes that require modulation of chromatin structure. However, analysis of ChIP-seq data is challenging when the manipulation of a chromatin-modifying enzyme significantly affects global levels of histone post-translational modifications. For example, small molecule inhibition of the methyltransferase EZH2 reduces global levels of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). However, standard ChIP-seq normalization and analysis methods fail to detect a decrease upon EZH2 inhibitor treatment. We overcome this challenge by employing an alternative normalization approach that is based on the addition of Drosophila melanogaster chromatin and a D. melanogaster-specific antibody into standard ChIP reactions. Specifically, the use of an antibody that exclusively recognizes the D. melanogaster histone variant H2Av enables precipitation of D. melanogaster chromatin as a minor fraction of the total ChIP DNA. The D. melanogaster ChIP-seq tags are used to normalize the human ChIP-seq data from DMSO and EZH2 inhibitor-treated samples. Employing this strategy, a substantial reduction in H3K27me3 signal is now observed in ChIP-seq data from EZH2 inhibitor treated samples.
Preclinical and Clinical Performance of the Efoora Test, a Rapid Test for Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Antibodies (2005)

Barriers to effective diagnostic testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection can be reduced with simple, reliable, and rapid detection methods. Our objective was to determine the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of a new rapid, lateral-flow immunochromatographic HIV-1 antibody detection device. Preclinical studies were performed using seroconversion, cross-reaction, and interference panels, archived clinical specimens, and fresh whole blood. In a multicenter, prospective clinical trial, a four-sample matrix of capillary (fingerstick) whole-blood specimens and venous whole blood, plasma, and serum was tested for HIV-1 antibodies with the Efoora HIV rapid test (Efoora Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL) and compared with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Abbott Laboratories) licensed by the Food and Drug Administration. Western blot and nucleic acid test supplemental assays were employed to adjudicate discordant samples. Preclinical testing of seroconversion panels showed that antibodies were often detected earlier by the rapid test than by a reference EIA. No significant interference or cross-reactions were observed. Testing of 4,984 archived specimens yielded a sensitivity of 99.2% and a specificity of 99.7%. A prospective multicenter clinical study with 2,954 adult volunteers demonstrated sensitivity and specificity for the Efoora HIV rapid test of 99.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 99.3 and 99.98%) and 99.0% (95% CI, 98.5 and 99.4%), respectively. Reactive rapid HIV-1 antibody detection was confirmed in 99.6% of those with a known HIV infection (n = 939), 5.2% of those in the high-risk group (n = 1,003), and 0.1% of those in the low-risk group (n = 1,012). For 21 (0.71%) patients, there was discordance between the results of the rapid test and the confirmatory EIA/Western blot tests. We conclude that the Efoora HIV rapid test is a simple, rapid assay for detection of HIV-1 antibodies, with high sensitivity and specificity compared to a standardized HIV-1 EIA.
Natural killer cells acquire CD73 expression upon exposure to mesenchymal stem cells (2014)

To the editor:

We read with great interest the article by Saze et al,[1][1] which was published recently in Blood as a plenary paper. The authors illustrated that human peripheral blood B cells express ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73. Thus, B cells are capable of hydrolyzing adenosine triphosphate
MLMG: Multi-Local and Multi-Global Model Aggregation for Federated Learning (2021)

Federated learning has attracted much interest and attention as a solution to collaboratively learn a prediction model without sharing the training data of users. Existing federated learning approaches usually develop a single independent local model for each client to train their privacy-sensitive data, afterward adopt a single centralized global model to exchange the trained parameters of clients that participate in federated training. However, given the diverse characteristics of local data and the heterogeneity across participating clients, the conventional federated learning paradigm may not achieve uniformly good performance over all users. In this work, we propose a novel federated learning mechanism which suggests using a Multi-Local and Multi-Global (MLMG) model aggregation to train the non-IID user data with clustering methods. Then a Matching algorithm is introduced to derive the appropriate exchanges between local models and global models. The new federated learning mechanism helps separate the data and user with different characteristics, thus makes it easier to capture the heterogeneity of data distributions across the users. We choose the latest on-device neural network for anomaly detection to evaluate the proposal, and experimental results based on several benchmark datasets demonstrate better detection accuracy (up to 2.83% accuracy improvement) of the novel paradigm compared with a conventional federated learning approach.
LBL PhoSNOX process for combined removal of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> from flue gas (1992)

Abstract The addition of yellow phosphorus in wet scrubbing systems can result in the high efficiency simultaneous removal of SO 2 and NO x from flue gas. Yellow phosphorus reacts with O 2 to produce O 3 which selectively oxidizes NO to NO 2 . Subsequently, NO 2 and SO 2 are removed from flue gas by dissolution into an aqueous alkaline solution/slurry, where they are converted to ammonium sulfate and gypsum. Yellow phosphorus is oxidized to yield a desirable commercial by‐product, phosphoric acid. This new technology has been tested jointly by LBL and Bechtel at LBL with a 20 cfm [9.44 × 10 −3 m 3 / sec] bench‐scale scrubbing absorber. The test results indicated that greater than 90% NO removal efficiency could be achieved with an L/G>60 (gal/min)/(1000 cu ft/min) [1 liter/m 3 = 7.48 gal/1000 cu ft] for NO concentrations ranging from 60 to 600 ppm. A stoichiometric ratio, P/NO, as low as 0.6 has been achieved. Economic projections for the PhoSNOX process have been made based on a conceptual process configuration. The estimated costs compare favorably with the SCR for high removal and are competitive with urea injection processes for low levels of NO x removal. FMC has conducted a safety study of the process and concluded that the potential safety hazards of yellow phosphorus can be avoided if proper precautions are taken.
Soft x-ray reduction lithography using multilayer mirrors (1989)

A soft x-ray lithograpy using multilayer mirrors for demagnifying optics and a reflecting mask has been designed and studied experimentally. In this system, a wavelength of 45–130 Å has been selected based on the optical characteristics, the exposed depth of the resist film, and the reflectivity of the multilayer mirror. To obtain a replication pattern resolution of 0.2 μm, the numerical aperture required is estimated to be greater than 0.0125 or 0.0325 for a wavelength of 50 or 130 Å, respectively. These values show that the multilayer optics using two mirrors can be realized to replicate a 0.2 μm pattern. The experiments were performed on the SR beamline BL-1 of the KEK-PF storage ring. The Schwarzschild demagnifying optics with a ring field were designed and fabricated. Demagnified exposure patterns of less than 0.5 μm have been obtained using a reflecting mask. The feasibility of the soft x-ray reduction method using multilayer mirrors has been confirmed. Furthermore, new telecentric optics are proposed to realize a practical reduction lithography system.