gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of material properties on the packing of fine particles (2003)

The packing of fine particles differs from that of coarse particles because of the strong cohesive interparticle forces. Consequently, material properties of particles have a strong effect on the packing structure of fine particles. This article presents a study of this effect by means of discrete element method. Variables considered include sliding and rolling friction coefficients related to the surface forces, and Hamaker constant and particle density related to the body forces acting on a particle. The results are analyzed in terms of porosity, mean coordination number and radial distribution function. It is shown that porosity increases with sliding and rolling friction coefficients as well as the Hamaker constant, but decreases with particle density, and coordination number and radial distribution function vary with these variables in line with porosity. The results have also been used to link the macrostructural property such as porosity to microstructural properties such as coordination number and radial distribution function. It is demonstrated that porosity can be described as a function of the force ratio between the van der Waals force and gravity force on a particle but the relationship varies with the sliding and rolling friction coefficients.
Comparison Of Two Myoelectric Multi-Articulating Prosthetic Hands (2011)

Myoelectric prosthetic hands with powered multi-articulating fingers offer users the promise of increased functional grasp options, previously unavailable in a myoelectric prosthetic hand. We take a comparison look at two multi-articulating myoelectric prosthetic hand systems, the bebionic v2 from RSLSteeper and the i-LIMB Pulse from Touch Bionics, Inc.\nThese myoelectric prosthetic hands are categorically the same design, given that each hand has five multi-articulating powered fingers, including a thumb that can also be passively positioned in an opposed or non-opposed manner. By taking a closer look at each system, it is apparent that there are some unique features that differentiate these prosthetic hands. This comparison will focus on discussing the prosthetic hand features including available grip patterns, functional programming, graphic user interface, component compatibility, available load testing/grip force summary, battery options, glove options and sizing. In conclusion, the participant reader will have a better overall understanding of these systems and be better prepared to make a component decision regarding the desired clinical outcome for their clients.
The features and characteristics of 5M CMOS image sensor with 1.9x1.9&#x03BC;m/sup 2/ pixels (2006)

5 mega CMOS image sensor with 1.9mum-pitch pixels has been implemented with 0.13 mum low power CMOS process. By applying 4-shared pixel architecture, 2.5V operation voltage, and tight design rules for some critical layers in pixels, high fill factor and the corresponding high saturation could be obtained. Image lag was sufficiently suppressed by pulse-boosting of transfer gate voltage and electrical cross-talk was suppressed by use of n-type epitaxial layer. It is shown that several sophisticated processes improve sensitivity, temporal random noise, and dark current. With this technology, full 5-mega density CMOS image sensor chips have been successfully developed
Assessment of three techniques for delivering stem cells to the heart using PET and MR imaging (2013)

PET-MR imaging is a reliable technique for noninvasive tracking of implanted stem cells in vivo. Direct injection of stem cells into the myocardium is the most effective way for cell transplantation to the heart in heart failure models.
Rhinosinusitis Treatment Protocol: Changing Provider Habits in Primary Care (2002)

Clinical protocols should be developed to direct provider treatment practices.
Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> DNA Lesions Generated within J774 Macrophages (2000)

Macrophages are armed with multiple oxygen-dependent and -independent bactericidal properties. However, the respiratory burst, generating reactive oxygen species, is believed to be a major cause of bacterial killing. We exploited the susceptibility of Escherichia coli in macrophages to characterize the effects of the respiratory burst on intracellular bacteria. We show that E. coli strains recovered from J774 macrophages exhibit high rates of mutations. We report that the DNA damage generated inside macrophages includes DNA strand breaks and the modification 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, which are typical oxidative lesions. Interestingly, we found that under these conditions, early in the infection the majority of E. coli cells are viable but gene expression is inhibited. Our findings demonstrate that macrophages can cause severe DNA damage to intracellular bacteria. Our results also suggest that protection against the macrophage-induced DNA damage is an important component of the bacterial defense mechanism within macrophages.
Realistic three-dimensional epithelial tissue phantoms for biomedical optics (2002)

We introduce new realistic three-dimensional tissue phantoms which can help to understand the optical properties of human epithelium as well as the optical signatures associated with the dysplasia to carcinoma sequence. The phantoms are based on a step by step multilayer reconstitution of the epithelial tissue using main components characteristic for the human epithelium. Each consecutive step is aimed to increase the similarity between real tissue and a phantom. We began by modeling the stromal layer which predominantly consists of a network of collagen bundles. Phantoms consisting of a collagen matrix alone and in the presence of embedded cervical cells were created. Their morphology and fluorescence properties were studied and were compared with those of cervical epithelium. We show that the phantoms resemble the microstructure and the optical properties of the human epithelial tissue. We also demonstrate that the proposed phantoms provide an opportunity to study changes in optical properties of different tissue components as a result of their interactions with each other or exogenous factors.
Application of the Robinson Dehydrogenation Reaction. III. Synthesis of 2, 3, 9, 10-Tetramethoxy-5, 6, 6a, 7, 12, 13-hexahydro-13-methyldibenzo [b, f] quinolizinium Iodide. (1959)

3-Substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline (VII) was oxidatively cyclized to form dibenzo-quinolizine derivative (IV). Some related aspects of the Robinson dehydrogenation reaction were discussed.
Bio-fluid mechanics (1995)

Orifice flow in stenotic and regurgitant valve lesions a three-dimensional simulation of intraventricular fluid dynamics - examination of left ventricular early systolic function numerical modelling of blood flow in compliant arteries and arterial bifurcations numerical simulation of arterial haemodynamics a numerical heart and circulation model to simulate haemodynamics for rate-responsive pacing evaluation of haemodialysis using computer simulation folding motifs, kinetics and functions in the proximal convoluted tubule coupled behaviour of lung respiration computational respiratory mechanics approach micropopular fluid model for the brain fluid dynamics.
Accelerating the Nonequispaced Fast Fourier Transform on Commodity Graphics Hardware (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We present a fast parallel algorithm to compute the nonequispaced fast Fourier transform on commodity graphics hardware (the GPU). We focus particularly on a novel implementation of the convolution step in the transform as it was previously its most time consuming part. We describe the performance for two common sample distributions in medical imaging (radial and spiral trajectories), and for different convolution kernels as these parameters all influence the speed of the algorithm. The GPU-accelerated convolution is up to 85 times faster as our reference, the open source NFFT library on a state-of-the-art 64 bit CPU. The accuracy of the proposed GPU implementation was quantitatively evaluated at the various settings. To illustrate the applicability of the transform in medical imaging, in which it is also known as gridding, we look specifically at non-Cartesian magnetic resonance imaging and reconstruct both a numerical phantom and an <emphasis emphasistype="boldital"><emphasis>in vivo</emphasis></emphasis> cardiac image. </para>
Fully distributed adaptive consensus control of multi-agent systems with LQR performance index (2015)

This paper deals with fully distributed consensus control of linear multi-agent systems in continuous-time. The subsystems or the agents are connected by an undirected graph with unknown network connectivity, which is then estimated by a carefully designed adaptive scheme. With this adaptive scheme, the proposed control design only uses the relative state information of the subsystems in a neighbourhood. This makes the proposed control fully distributed, without the use of the network connectivity that requires the Laplacian matrix of the entire network. The proposed control is also guaranteed to achieve an optimal control performance index.
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN THE CONTROL OF INFLAMMATION AND LYMPHOCYTE APOPTOSIS (2004)

The immune system must be tightly controlled not only to guarantee efficient protection from invading pathogens and oncogenic cells but also to avoid exaggerated immune responses and autoimmunity. This is achieved through interactions amongst leukocytes themselves, by signals from stromal cells and also by various hormones, including glucocorticoids. The glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that exert a wide range of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities after binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. The power of these hormones was acknowledged many decades ago, and today synthetic derivatives are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, autoimmunity and cancer. In this review, we summarize our present knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action, their influence on specific leukocytes and the induction of thymocyte apoptosis, with an emphasis on how molecular genetics has contributed to our growing, although still incomplete, understanding of these processes.
QoS-Aware VM Placement in Multi-domain Service Level Agreements Scenarios (2013)

Virtualization technologies of Infrastructure-as-a- Service enable the live migration of running Virtual Machines (VMs) to achieve load balancing, fault-tolerance and hardware consolidation in data centers. However, the downtime/service unavailability due to live migration may be substantial with relevance to the customers' expectations on responsiveness, as the latter are declared in established Service Level Agreements (SLAs). Moreover, it may cause significant (potentially exponential) SLA violation penalties to its associated higher- level domains (Platform-as-a-Service and Software-as-a-Service). Therefore, VM live migration should be managed carefully. In this paper, we present the OpenStack version of the Generic SLA Manager, alongside its strategies for VM selection and allocation during live migration of VMs. We simulate a use case where IaaS (OpenStack-SLAM) and PaaS (OpenShift) are combined, and assess performance and efficiency of the aforementioned VM placement strategies, when a multi-domain SLA pricing & penalty model is involved. We find that our proposal is efficient in managing trade-offs between the operational objectives of service providers (including financial considerations) and the customers' expected QoS requirements.
Wireless Communication with Medical Implants: Antennas and Propagation (2004)

With the increased sophistication of medical implants, there is a growing need for flexible high-speed communication with the implant from outside the body. Today the communication is done by an inductive link between the implant and an external coil at a low carrier frequency. Extended range and communication speed are possible to achieve by increasing the carrier frequency and the bandwidth. One frequency band that is available for this application is the newly standardized 400 MHz MICS band, which has the benefit ofbeingreserved mainly for medical and metrological applications. In addition, the 2.45 GHz ISM band is a possibility, but has the drawback of being heavily used by other applications, such as wireless computer networks and microwave ovens. In order to assess the usability of wireless communication with medical implants, we have investigated the design of implantable antennas to be used in the body. Both theoretical limits and practical designs of the antennas are described. The SAR levels of the implanted antennas have been calculated and
Carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bond activation with highly electrophilic transition metal complexes (1990)

Abstract
Seismic Response Evaluation of Posttensioned Precast Concrete Frames with Friction Dampers (2007)

This paper presents a seismic response evaluation of unbonded posttensioned precast concrete moment frames that use friction dampers at selected beam ends. The dampers utilize the displacements that occur as a result of gap opening between the beam and column members during an earthquake. The parameters investigated include the number of stories, number and strength of the dampers, and amount of posttensioning. Nonlinear static and dynamic time history analyses of prototype structures show that the dampers provide a considerable amount of energy dissipation to a frame, while the posttensioning force provides a restoring effect resulting in self-centering capability (i.e., ability of the structure to return towards its undisplaced position upon unloading). The seismic design of the structures to achieve target displacement-based performance objectives is critically evaluated based on the analysis results. Comparisons with structures that use mild steel (e.g., Grade 60) reinforcement through the beam-column joints as well as structures that use only posttensioning steel (with no friction dampers) and structures that use combinations of mild steel and posttensioning steel are also provided.
Dense Continuous-Time Tracking and Mapping with Rolling Shutter RGB-D Cameras (2015)

We propose a dense continuous-time tracking and mapping method for RGB-D cameras. We parametrize the camera trajectory using continuous B-splines and optimize the trajectory through dense, direct image alignment. Our method also directly models rolling shutter in both RGB and depth images within the optimization, which improves tracking and reconstruction quality for low-cost CMOS sensors. Using a continuous trajectory representation has a number of advantages over a discrete-time representation (e.g. camera poses at the frame interval). With splines, less variables need to be optimized than with a discrete representation, since the trajectory can be represented with fewer control points than frames. Splines also naturally include smoothness constraints on derivatives of the trajectory estimate. Finally, the continuous trajectory representation allows to compensate for rolling shutter effects, since a pose estimate is available at any exposure time of an image. Our approach demonstrates superior quality in tracking and reconstruction compared to approaches with discrete-time or global shutter assumptions.
High‐Voltage Lithium‐Metal Batteries Enabled by Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes (2018)

Rechargeable lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) are regarded as the "holy grail" of energy-storage systems, but the electrolytes that are highly stable with both a lithium-metal anode and high-voltage cathodes still remain a great challenge. Here a novel "localized high-concentration electrolyte" (HCE; 1.2 m lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in a mixture of dimethyl carbonate/bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether (1:2 by mol)) is reported that enables dendrite-free cycling of lithium-metal anodes with high Coulombic efficiency (99.5%) and excellent capacity retention (>80% after 700 cycles) of Li||LiNi<sub>1/3</sub> Mn<sub>1/3</sub> Co<sub>1/3</sub> O<sub>2</sub> batteries. Unlike the HCEs reported before, the electrolyte reported in this work exhibits low concentration, low cost, low viscosity, improved conductivity, and good wettability that make LMBs closer to practical applications. The fundamental concept of "localized HCEs" developed in this work can also be applied to other battery systems, sensors, supercapacitors, and other electrochemical systems.
Evaluation of reactive well networks for remediating heterogeneous aquifers (2008)

Alternative configurations of non-pumped wells filled with reactive media were evaluated for removing hypothetical contaminant plumes. All wells were screened across the saturated zone of a simulated unconfined aquifer. Three heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity distributions (cases) were considered. A mass transport model accounting for advection and hydrodynamic dispersion produced an initial contaminant plume for each case. Two reactive well configurations were evaluated for each case. In one configuration, evenly spaced wells occupied a linear transect perpendicular to regional groundwater flow, located downgradient of the contaminant plume. A second configuration involved the same number of wells, but along evenly spaced, nonlinear flow lines originating from the downgradient boundary of the contaminant plume. Mass transport modeling simulated contaminant plumes moving through the aquifer and wells. Results suggest that nonlinear configurations, which take into account local flow variations near the downgradient boundary of a contaminant plume, more efficiently reduce contaminant concentrations and better control offsite migration.
Optoelectronic device performance on reduced threading dislocation density GaAs/Si (2001)

A technique for the heteroepitaxy of GaAs/Si films having reduced threading dislocation density is presented. The important attribute of this technique is the suppression of three-dimensional Volmer–Weber island formation during initial deposition. This suppression is achieved by deposition of a stoichiometric GaAs buffer layer by a migration-enhanced epitaxy technique on silicon at 348 K to a thickness greater than the “monolithic thickness,” hm. Subsequent GaAs films deposited by conventional molecular beam epitaxy on buffer layers of thickness greater than hm possess structural and optical characteristics that exceed those for state-of-the-art GaAs/Si layers: an x-ray full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 110 arcsec with a dislocation density at the film surface of 3×106 cm−2 and a concomitant 4 K photoluminescence FWHM of 2.1 meV. The p-i-n structures suitable for use as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that were grown on the reduced threading dislocation density GaAs/Si and by means of forward- and reverse-bias measurements, demonstrated an ideality factor of n=1.5, an increased reverse-bias breakdown electric field of 2.1×107 V/m, and an intrinsic region resistivity of 4×107 Ω cm for LEDs of increasingly smaller mesa size.
New Ultra Fast Earthing Switch (UFES) device based on the vacuum switching principle (2010)

In the low and medium -voltage range the vacuum interruption principle has been well established since 30 years in series production. Based on this experience a new application of vacuum technology is being introduced for use in the medium voltage range. This paper presents the design principle and the performance of the Ultra Fast Earthing Switch (UFES) based on a vacuum insulation device. The UFES design consists of two main sections: The vacuum device and the corresponding drive section to close the vacuum device. The vacuum device is divided into two separate ultra high vacuum zones to create at the one hand a double gap between both contacts in order to enhance the dielectric performance significantly, and on the other hand to obtain redundant vacuums. The two vacuum zones are separated by applying a closed membrane between both contacts which can be opened by activating the plug contact side and breaking through the membrane to close the self-blocking contact system within less than 1.5 ms. The UFES system was developed for medium voltage application up to 40.5 kV and the short circuit current up to 63kA. Both ratings are tested in accordance to the standard IEC 62271-102 at the KEMA laboratory. Furthermore the short-circuit rating can be extended in the short-time-current (STC) of up to 3 s. The design, test results and the application in commercial solutions are being presented.
Automatic main melody extraction from midi files with a modified Lempel-Ziv algorithm (2002)

A dictionary based approach for extracting repetitive patterns in music aimed at music feature extraction and indexing for audio database management is proposed. Segmentation is achieved based on the tempo information and a music score is decomposed into bars. Each bar is indexed and a bar index table is built. Then, an adaptive dictionary based compression algorithm known as Lempel Ziv 78 (LZ-78) is applied to the bar-represented music scores to extract repetitive patterns (J. Ziv and A. Lempel, 1978). Finally, pruning is performed to this dictionary to remove non-repeating patterns and combine shorter repeating patterns into a longer repeating pattern. The LZ78 algorithm is slightly modified to achieve better results in the current context. Experiments are performed to MIDI files, and the proposed algorithm has demonstrated an excellent performance.
G<sup>–</sup> and G<sup>+</sup> in the Raman spectrum of isolated nanotube: a study on resonance conditions and lineshape (2008)

Abstract We analyze the high‐energy Raman modes, G + and G – , in a pair of one metallic and one semiconducting nanotube grown across a 100 mm wide slit. By combining Raman resonance profiles of the radial breathing mode and the high‐energy modes, we assign the broad G – peak to a metallic and the G + peak to a semiconducting nanotube. Considering theoretical predictions we show that both peaks, G – and G + , originate from the LO phonon. The G – peak is the longitudinal mode of the metallic tube; it is broadened and downshifted due to strong electron‐phonon coupling in the metallic nanotube. The G + peak is due to the longitudinal mode in the semiconducting tube. An asymmetric lineshape of the G – peak agrees with observations of the asymmetry to be an intrinsic feature of metallic nanotubes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of Gene Expression Profile of Epiretinal Membranes Obtained from Eyes with Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy to That of Secondary Epiretinal Membranes (2013)

Our results support an earlier hypothesis that a PVR-ERM, even from genomic points of view, is an aberrant form of wound healing response. Genes preferentially expressed in PVR-ERMs may play an important role in the progression of PVR and could be served as therapeutic targets.
Effects of some orthophosphates on the hydration of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (1978)

The effects of some orthophosphates on the rate of hydration of calcium sulfate hemihydrate have been determined in terms of two basic parameters, viz. a0, which is a measure of seeding in the system, and k, which is a measure of the rate of transfer of calcium sulfate from the lattice of the hemihydrate to that of the dihydrate. Measurements were made of pH and the activities of calcium ions. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The only dispersed, undissolved phosphate to affect the reaction was secondary calcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4,2H2O) which is structurally similar to gypsum and appeared to increase nucleation. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The actions of the soluble orthophosphates, primary calcium phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2,H2O and the secondary sodium phosphate Na2HPO4, were studied in detail. The effects were various and depended upon the amount added, the pH and residues from incongruent dissolution. Attempts to explain inhibitions in terms of concentrations of the species, H2PO4-, HPO42-, CaH2PO4+ and CaHPO4O were unsuccessful.