gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Among circulating hematopoietic cells, B-CLL uniquely expresses functional EPAC1, but EPAC1-mediated Rap1 activation does not account for PDE4 inhibitor-induced apoptosis (2003)

Type 4 cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitors and other agents that raise intracellular cAMP levels induce apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) but not in T-CLL or peripheral blood T cells. Two principal effector proteins for cAMP are protein kinase A (PKA) and EPAC (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), a Rap guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) exchange factor. We here examine whether varying expression of EPAC accounts for the discrepant sensitivity of B-CLL and T cells to PDE4 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. B-CLL and peripheral blood B cells express EPAC1 transcript, whereas T-CLL, peripheral blood T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils do not. Treatment with the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram induces Rap1 activation in B-CLL cells but not in peripheral blood B cells, T-CLL, or any of the normal hematopoietic lineages examined. The EPAC-specific cAMP analog 8CPT-2Me-cAMP (8-(4-chloro-phenylthio)-2'-O-methyladenosine-3',5'-cAMP) activates Rap1 in B-CLL cells, but, unlike rolipram/forskolin or 8-Bromo-cAMP, it does not induce PKA activation, as judged by phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). Unexpectedly, whereas rolipram/forskolin and 8-Bromo-cAMP induce apoptosis in B-CLL cells, 8CPT-2Me-cAMP decreased basal apoptosis in B-CLL cells by an average of 25% (P<.002). Our results demonstrate that B-CLL cells uniquely activate Rap1 in response to PDE4 inhibitors and suggest that physiologic stimuli that activate EPAC may transmit an antiapoptotic signal.
Experimental study on quasi-ballistic transport in silicon nanowire transistors and the impact of self-heating effects (2008)

The ballistic efficiency and self-heating effects in gate-all-around silicon nanowire transistors (SNWTs) are experimentally investigated in this paper. A modified experimental extraction method for SNWTs is proposed, which takes into account the impact of source contact resistance. The highest ballistic efficiency is observed in sub-40 nm SNWTs at room temperature, demonstrating their intrinsic potential for near-ballistic transport. However, it is experimentally found that, even if the SNWT is fabricated on bulk-Si substrate, the self-heating effect is comparable or even a little bit worse than SOI devices due to the 1-D nature of nanowire and increased phonon-boundary scattering in GAA structure. Considering heat transport and heating corrections at the drain side, the Lundstrom model is modified, and the impacts of self-heating on quasi-ballistic SNWTs are discussed as well.
Potential anticonvulsants. V. The condensation of isatins with <i>C</i>‐acetyl heterocyclic compounds (1982)

Abstract A number of C ‐acetyl heterocyclic compounds were condensed with isatin and substituted isatins to give a series of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐substituted oxindoles. The products from 2‐acetylfuran and isatin, 2‐acetylthiophene and isatin, and 2‐acetylpyridine and 1‐methylisatin were active at 100 mg/Kg in the maximal electroshock seizure test.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate Lyase Deficiency Produces a Pro-inflammatory Response While Impairing Neutrophil Trafficking (2010)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase catalyzes the degradation of S1P, a potent signaling lysosphingolipid. Mice with an inactive S1P lyase gene are impaired in the capacity to degrade S1P, resulting in highly elevated S1P levels. These S1P lyase-deficient mice have low numbers of lymphocytes and high numbers of neutrophils in their blood. We found that the S1P lyase-deficient mice exhibited features of an inflammatory response including elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increased expression of genes in liver associated with an acute-phase response. However, the recruitment of their neutrophils into inflamed tissues was impaired and their neutrophils were defective in migration to chemotactic stimulus. The IL-23/IL-17/granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) cytokine-controlled loop regulating neutrophil homeostasis, which is dependent on neutrophil trafficking to tissues, was disturbed in S1P lyase-deficient mice. Deletion of the S1P4 receptor partially decreased the neutrophilia and inflammation in S1P lyase-deficient mice, implicating S1P receptor signaling in the phenotype. Thus, a genetic block in S1P degradation elicits a pro-inflammatory response but impairs neutrophil migration from blood into tissues.
Diabetes management in the new millennium using insulin pump therapy (2002)

Current goals of therapy of type 1 and 2 diabetes are to achieve near normal glycemia, minimize the risk of severe hypoglycemia, limit excessive weight gain, improve quality of life and delay or prevent late vascular complications. As discussed in this review, insulin pump or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy provides a treatment option that can dramatically aid in achieving all of these goals. In comparison to multiple daily injections (MDI), CSII uses only rapid-acting insulin, provides greater flexibility in timing of meals and snacks, has programmable basal rates to optimize overnight glycemic control, can reduce the risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia, and enhances patients' ability to control their own diabetes. Most important, in adults and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, CSII has been shown to lower HbA(1c) levels, reduce the frequency of severe hypoglycemia and limit excessive weight gain versus MDI without increasing the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. Similarly positive results are being seen with CSII in adults with type 2 diabetes. The effectiveness of CSII and improvements in pump technology have fueled a dramatic increase in the use of this therapy. Practical guidelines are presented for selection of patients, initiation of treatment, patient education, follow-up assessments and troubleshooting. The recent introduction of methods for continuous glucose monitoring provides a new means to optimize the basal and bolus capabilities of CSII and offers the hope of the development of a feedback-controlled artificial pancreas.
Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by daunorubicin. (1993)

Members of the anthracycline family of drugs such as daunorubicin (DNR) are currently being employed in cancer therapy, treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphomas in HIV-1 infected patients. These drugs may have an anti-viral activity against HIV-1. Experiments conducted on U937 (a promonocytic cell line), peripheral blood monocytes (without T cells) and infected with HIV-1 showed anti-viral activity at nanogram/ml concentrations, without affecting cell proliferation and cell viability. Treatment of Hut 78 cells (a T cell line) with DNR was not as effective in inhibiting HIV-1 replication when compared to the anti-HIV activity in cells of the monocyte lineage.
Phase-controlled DC-AC converter with high-frequency switching (1988)

An analysis of the phase-controlled DC-AC converter is presented. This converter has a pair of switches in each side of the primary and the secondary of the isolation transformer. The voltage conversion ratio is controlled by the phase difference between the two pairs of switches. The averaged equivalent circuit for low frequency operation is derived. The switching surge during commutation is much reduced by dividing the reactor into two parts. As a result, the transformer is miniaturized by increasing the switching frequency and the reactive energy can be easily recovered to the DC source. This DC-AC converter is especially suitable for small uninterruptible power supply systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal and mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposite materials reinforced with cellulose nano whiskers (2012)

Abstract We use polypropylene (PP, an apolar polymer) and cellulose nano whiskers (CNW, a polar material) to produce nano polymer composites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. To improve compatibility, maleic anhydride grafted PP has also been used as a coupling agent. To enhance the uniform distribution of CNW in the composite, the matrix polymer is dissolved in toluene, and sonification and magnetic stirring are applied. Good film transparency indicates uniform CNW dispersion, but CNW domains in the composite film observed under an scanning electron microscope may indicate slight agglomeration of CNW in the composite film. The tensile strength of the composite compared with neat PP improves by 70–80% with the addition of CNW. The crystallinity has also been improved by about 50% in the CNW reinforced samples. As the content of CNW increases, the composite exhibits higher thermal degradation temperature, higher hydrophilicity, and higher thermal conductivity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Fast 3D in-line sensor for specular and diffuse surfaces combining the chromatic confocal and triangulation principle (2012)

Fast 3D sensors for 100% in-line quality control are rare. Heavy demands on speed exclude most of the available measurement devices. This article introduces a new measurement principle for this purpose, combining the chromatic confocal and the triangulation principle. The result is an optical line scan measurement device that measures the 3D topology of specular and diffuse surfaces in absolute coordinates. The sensor system consists of an optical design, optimized optical filters, and a multi channel line scan camera. The filters are derived using information and coding theory and a proposed physical motivated color space transformation.
Suppression of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea-Induced Photoreceptor Apoptosis in Rats by Docosahexaenoic Acid (2004)

We evaluated the effects of dietary intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on photoreceptor cell apoptosis caused by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Five-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed basal diet (AIN-76A) or DHA diet (modified AIN-76A containing 9.5% DHA) for 2 weeks, and then received a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg body weight MNU at 50 days of age. Then, rats continued to receive the same diet or were switched to the opposite diet: group 1, basal diet before and after MNU injection; group 2, DHA diet before MNU injection and basal diet after MNU injection; group 3, basal diet before MNU injection and DHA diet after MNU injection; group 4, DHA diet before and after MNU injection (10 rats in each group). Rats were starved for 24 h, then sacrificed 3 or 7 days after MNU. Morphologically, at 3 days after MNU injection, photoreceptor cell apoptosis was advanced in group 1 compared with group 4. At this time point, as evaluated by retinal damage ratio [(length of retina less than 4 photoreceptor cells thick/whole retinal length) x100], retinal damage was highest in group 1 (82.4 +/- 5.1%), followed by group 2 (41.1 +/- 7.3%), group 3 (24.7 +/- 11.5%), and group 4 (6.6 +/- 6.6%); severity tended to be inversely correlated with serum DHA composition. At 7 days after MNU injection, active signs of photoreceptor cell apoptosis ended in all MNU-treated groups, and retinal damage ratio was high in group 1 (88.4 +/- 2.8%), whereas it remained low in groups 2, 3 and 4 (38.4 +/- 15.2, 45.7 +/- 9.8 and 46.9 +/- 11.2%, respectively). High DHA composition during induction/signaling phase and/or effector phase of photoreceptor cell apoptosis can delay the onset of apoptosis and counteract progression of MNU retinotoxicity in rat retina. DHA may play a role in the suppression of MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis in rat retina.
Insights into the Problem of Alarm Fatigue with Physiologic Monitor Devices: A Comprehensive Observational Study of Consecutive Intensive Care Unit Patients (2014)

The excessive number of physiologic monitor alarms is a complex interplay of inappropriate user settings, patient conditions, and algorithm deficiencies. Device solutions should focus on use of all available ECG leads to identify non-artifact leads and leads with adequate QRS amplitude. Devices should provide prompts to aide in more appropriate tailoring of alarm settings to individual patients. Atrial fibrillation alarms should be limited to new onset and termination of the arrhythmia and delays for ST-segment and other parameter alarms should be configurable. Because computer devices are more reliable than humans, an opportunity exists to improve physiologic monitoring and reduce alarm fatigue.
Carbon dioxide capture by blended alkanolamines in rotating packed bed (2009)

The capture of CO2 from a 10 vol% CO2 gas by chemical absorption with aqueous solutions containing 30 wt% of single and mixed monoethanolamine (MEA), 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol (AEEA), piperazine (PZ), and 2-amino-2methyl-1-propanol (AMP) in a rotating packed bed (RPB) was studied. The RPB had an inner diameter of 7.6 cm, an outer diameter of 16 cm, and a height of 2 cm. The CO2 capture efficiency was found to increase with increasing temperature in a range of 303 to 333 K. It was also found to be dependent on rotating speed, gas flow rate, and liquid flow rate. The 30 wt% mixed alkanolamine solutions containing MEA or AEEA with at least 10 wt% PZ were the appropriate absorbents compared with the single alkanolamine and the mixed alkanolamine solutions containing AMP. A higher portion of PZ in a mixture was more favourable to CO2 capture. Because of short contact time in a RPB, alkanolamines with high reaction rate with CO2 are suggested to use. For the solutions containing 15 wt% MEA or AEEA and 15 wt% PZ, the highest gas flow rate allowed to achieve a capture efficiency more than 90% were 30 L/min at a solution of 100 mL/min and 50 L/min at a solution of 300 mL/min. The corresponding height transfer units were found to be less than 2.0 cm, significantly lower than those in a conventional packed bed absorber.
Haematological Effects in Mice of Partially Purified Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF) Prepared from Human Urine (1971)

S ummary . Single injections of partially purified human urine preparations containing 10 000–20 000 units of colony stimulating factor (CSF) produced a monocytosis and polymorph leucocytosis in neonatal C57BL mice which was maximal at 48 hr. Adult C57BL mice developed a monocytosis, and although no polymorph leucocytosis developed, labelling studies suggested an increased rate of granulopoiesis. In adult mice the injected CSF preparations did not alter total bone‐marrow cellularity but increased the percentage of primitive granulocytes and caused an increase in the number of in vitro colony‐forming cells and granulocytic cluster‐forming cells. The preparations also increased the number of bone‐marrow cells able to initiate colony and cluster formation immediately after culture of the bone‐marrow cells in agar. The results suggest that CSF in vivo may stimulate both granulopoiesis and monocyte formation in an action similar to its action in agar cultures of bone‐marrow cells.
[Effect of the composition of a nutrient medium on growth and synthesis of ergot alkaloids by Claviceps purpurea in the saprotrophic culture]. (1991)

The impact of changes in the ratio of the medium-668 components on growth and synthesis of ergot alkaloids in saprotrophic cultures was studied with mathematical design of the experiment. Medium-668 used for cultivation of strain VNIIA-312A-producing peptide +ergot alkaloids was shown to be balanced with respect to the ratio of all the medium components. An important role of phosphate in control of culture growth and alkaloids synthesis was elucidated. It was demonstrated that by changing the ratio of the medium components it was possible to control accumulation and excretion of the alkaloids which permitted development of the conditions required for product isolation.
ALDH as a Marker for Enriching Tumorigenic Human Colonic Stem Cells (2012)

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) can be used as a marker to isolate, propagate, and track normal and cancerous human colon stem cells. To determine their tumorigenic potential, tissues obtained from proximal (normal counterpart) and distal (cancerous) colon of colon cancer patients are implanted into NOD-SCID mice. In parallel, ALDH(high) and ALDH(low) cells are isolated via Florescence Associated Cell Sorting (FACS) after the dissociation of distal and proximal colon tissues into a single-cell suspension. Flow cytometry for ALDH(high) and ALDH(low) cells is possible with the ALDEFLUOR assay. Following cell sorting, ALDH-enriched cells are tested for their tumorigenic potential in vivo as xenografts. Owing to cancer stem cell properties, ALDH(high) cells could be propagated in vivo by serial passaging of the human tissue as xenografts and in vitro as suspension cultures called sphere cultures. In this unit, all the above-mentioned methods to isolate and propagate colon cancer stem cells using ALDH as a stem cell marker are described in detail.
Temporal expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor mRNA during embryonic development in a teleost, rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss). (1997)

The appearance of insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI) and II (IGF-II) mRNA was studied during rainbow trout embryonic development. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by Southern blotting and high-stringency hybridization with rainbow trout IGF-I and IGF-II cDNA probes, was used to detect all four forms of IGF-I mRNA and one form of IGF-II mRNA from whole-embryo total RNA isolated from a staged series. IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA were detected in unfertilized eggs. IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA were also detected during cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis, at hatching, during yolk absorption, and at feeding. IGF-IEa-1 and Ea-3 mRNA were detected in unfertilized eggs, while IGF-I Ea-4 was first detected at stage 9 when the zygotic genome is believed to become activated in rainbow trout. IGF-IEa-2 was not detected at any stage of embryonic development. IGF mRNA of immunoreactive peptides have been detected durin embryonic development in all vertebrates studied to date. Our results confirm the presence of IGF-I mRNA in teleost embryos. In addition, IGF-II mRNA is also present in teleost embryos. Our results suggest that the role IGF-I and IGF-II play during embryonic development may be conserved in vertebrates.
A new cyclophilin and the human homologues of yeast Prp3 and Prp4 form a complex associated with U4/U6 snRNPs. (1997)

We have purified three new human U4/U6-snRNP proteins from HeLa cells. The three proteins formed a tightly bound complex and behaved as a single species throughout the purification. All three proteins have been identified by peptide sequencing, and full-length cDNA sequences have been obtained for all of them. Two of the proteins are homologues of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae splicing factors Prp3 and Prp4, and the third protein is a cyclophilin. Both the human and S. cerevisiae Prp4 proteins have seven repeats of the WD motif and likely fold into structures very similar to those of the beta subunits of G proteins. The human Prp3 protein is highly basic and is closely related to S. cerevisiae Prp3 only in its carboxyl-terminal half. The human homologues of Prp3 and Prp4 are part of a stable complex in the absence of RNA. The third protein in the complex is a new cyclophilin. Cyclophilins have been proposed to act as chaperones in a variety of cellular processes, and we discuss some possible roles of this U4/U6 snRNP-associated cyclophilin.
Continuous axillary brachial plexus blockade for reflex sympathetic dystrophy (1995)

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is one of the commoner neurogenic pain syndromes; the typical onset follows peripheral trauma and is characterised by diffuse burning pain and hyperalgesia, accompanied by variable vasomotor and dystrophic changes. Successful treatment of an established reflex sympathetic dystrophy may be difficult. A case is reported describing the successful use of a series of continuous axillary brachial plexus blocks for the treatment of this syndrome.
Photoelectrochemical Reactions at SrTiO3 Single Crystal Electrode (1976)

Abstract Electrode characteristics of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) single crystal have been investigated under illumination with light of its intrinsic absorption region. It has been found that the photosensitized electrolytic oxidation of water, known heretofore uniquely on the TiO2 electrode, can proceed also at the SrTiO3 electrode whose anodic dissolution being negligible. Although the photosensitivity of the SrTiO3 electrode is confined to a little shorter wavelength region than that of the TiO2 electrode, the formal quantum efficiency of the photosensitized electrolytic oxidation of water is comparable for these two semiconductor electrodes under intrinsic absorption. In contrast to the case of the TiO2 electrode, the electrochemical photocell consisted of the SrTiO3 anode and platinum cathode can work efficiently even when the pH values of the anodic and cathodic compartments are close to each other. This point is discussed in terms of the flatband potential of these semiconductor electrodes.
Perceiving auditory distance using level and direct-to-reverberant ratio cues (2011)

The study investigated how level and reverberation cues contribute to distance discrimination, and how accuracy is affected by reverberation cue strength. Sentence pairs were presented at distances between 1 and 8 m in a virtual room simulated using an image-source model and two reverberation settings (lower and higher). Listeners performed discrimination judgments in three conditions: level cue only (Level-Only), reverberation only (Equalized), and both cues available (Normal). Percentage correct judgment of which sentence was closer was measured. Optimal distance discrimination was obtained in the Normal condition. Perception of the difference in distance between sentences had a lower threshold (i.e., performance was significantly better, p&lt;0.05) for closer than further targets in Normal and Level-Only conditions. On the contrary, in the Equalized condition, these thresholds were lower for further than closer targets. Thresholds were lower at higher reverberation in the Equalized condition, and for further targets in the Normal condition. Data indicate that level generally provided more accurate discrimination information than direct-to-reverberant ratio. Direct-to-reverberant ratio provided better information for sounds further from the listener than for nearer sounds, and listeners were able to use direct-to-reverberant ratio as effectively as level in highly reverberant rooms when discriminating far sound sources.
Disruption of intracerebral progression of rat C6 glioblastoma by in vivo treatment with anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody (2000)

The authors conclude that CD44s-targeted treatment with specific mAb may represent an effective means for preventing progression of highly invasive GBMs.
High performance of InGaN LEDs on (111) silicon substrates grown by MOCVD (2005)

We report on the high-performance of InGaN multiple-quantum well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on Si (111) substrates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. A high-temperature thin AlN layer and AlN-GaN multilayers have been used for the growth of high-quality GaN-based LED structure on Si substrate. It is found that the operating voltage of the LED at 20 mA is reduced to as low as 3.8-4.1 V due to the formation of tunnel junction between the n-AlGaN layer and the n-Si substrate when the high-temperature AlN layer is reduced to 3 nm. Because Si has a better thermal conductivity than sapphire, the optical output power of the LED on Si saturates at a higher injected current density. When the injected current density is higher than 120 A/cm/sup 2/, the output power of the LED on Si is higher than that of LED on sapphire. The LED also exhibited the good reliability and the uniform emission from a large size wafer. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observation indicated that the active layer of these LEDs consists of the dislocation-free pyramid-shaped (quantum-dot-like) structure.