gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production Optimization for Plan of Gas Field Development Using Marginal Cost Analysis (2013)

Gas production rate is one of the most important variables affecting the feasibility plan of gas field development. It take into account reservoir characteristics, gas reserves, number of wells, production facilities, government take and market conditions. In this research, a mathematical model of gas production optimization has been developed using marginal cost analysis in determining the optimum gas production rate for economic profit, by employing the case study of Matindok Field. The results show that the optimum gas production rate is mainly affected by gas price duration and time of gas delivery. When the price of gas increases, the optimum gas production rate will increase, and then it will become closer to the maximum production rate of the reservoir. Increasing the duration time of gas delivery will reduce the optimum gas production rate and increase maximum profit non-linearly.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A CEPHALOPOD PHOTOPHORE. I. STRUCTURE OF THE PHOTOGENIC TISSUE (1974)

One type of photophore of the deep sea squid Pterygioteuthis microlampas was examined with the electron microscope and its fine structure described. The photogenic tissue is composed of four cell types each with distinctive morphology which suggests their function. The photocytes branch and ramify throughout the central region of the photophore and have an extensive system of microvilli (the photogenic organelle) which are arranged about a central blood filled lumen. The photocytes apparently develop inside a sheath cell and are surrounded by a sheath which is continuous with the basement membrane of the blood vessels. The photocytes and associated sheath cells are surrounded by packing cells whose cytoplasm is replaced with a homogeneous granular material. Finally, cells containing many mitochondria branch and ramify throughout the photogenic area. Apparently the circulatory system is in direct contact with the photocytes, and acellular blood vessels, composed only of basement membrane, are found throughout the photogenic tissue. The similarity between photoproductive organelles and photoreceptive organelles is striking.
Differential Effects of Aminosubstituted Analogs of Hydroxy Bisphosphonates on the Growth of <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (1998)

Replacing the hydroxyl group in the bone-binding site of three clinically useful bisphosphonates (etidronate, pamidronate, and olpadronate) by an amino group resulted in great differences in their antiresorptive potencies in vitro. In the present study, this is also shown in vivo in mice treated with the six bisphosphonates at doses of up to 16 microM/kg/day for 12 days. Because binding to bone mineral is nearly the same for all tested bisphosphonates, these findings suggest that the aminosubstitution affects the cellular action of the bisphosphonates. This was tested in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum in which cellular effects of bisphosphonates can be examined independently of binding to bone mineral. Etidronate and its aminosubstituted analog were equipotent in inhibiting amebal growth, while pamidronate was somewhat more potent than its analog. Whereas olpadronate was a potent inhibitor of axenic growth of Dictyostelium amebae, the aminosubstitution reduced its potency drastically (IC50 12 microM and 700 microM, respectively). The similarities between the inhibitory effects of the bisphosphonates tested on bone resorption in vitro and in vivo and on the growth of Dictyostelium amebae confirm that the differences in antiresorptive potencies found reflect differences in cellular effects and suggest that bisphosphonates may bind to more than one intracellular target.
Mechanical Behavior of Hybrid Composite Phenolic Foam (2008)

Hybrid composite phenolic foams are reinforced with chopped glass and aramid fibers in varied proportions. The mechanical properties are measured and compared with those of foams reinforced with only aramid and glass fibers. The compression and shear properties of the hybrid reinforced foams are also compared with those of commercial polyurethane foams. The reinforced hybrid phenolic foams exhibit greater resistance to cracking and are significantly stiffer and stronger than foams with only glass and Nomex ® fibers. In general, the mechanical properties of reinforced hybrid phenolic foams are comparable to that of commercial polyurethane foam of equivalent density. The experimentally observed compressive properties (compression modulus) of reinforced phenolic foam with different fiber loading have been compared with existing theories of reinforcement. Composite models such as parallel, series, Halpin—Tsai, and the Hirsch model have been evaluated to fit the experimental data. The findings presented here, coupled with earlier results, demonstrate the potential use of hybrid composite foams as a low-cost engineering material that is tough, strong, and fire retardant.
The division between fastand slow-growing species corresponds to natural relationships among the mycobacteria (1990)

Comparative 16S rRNA sequencing was used to infer the phylogenetic relationships among selected species of mycobacteria and related organisms. The phylogeny inferred reflects the traditional classification, with major branches of the phylogenetic tree in general correspondence to the four Runyon groups and with numerical classification analyses. All the mycobacterial species compared, with the exception of M. chitae, are closely related (average similarity values greater than 95%). The slow growers form a coherent line of descent, distinct from the rapid growers, within which the overt pathogens are clustered. The distant relationship between M. chitae and the remaining mycobacteria suggests that this organism is incorrectly classified with the mycobacteria. M. paratuberculosis 18 was indistinguishable from M. avium-M. intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum serovar 1 by this analysis.
Air bridges and planar inductors for MMICs (2002)

The aim of this paper is to present the technology for air-bridges manufacturing, as MMIC dedicated interconnection elements. This technology offers low parasitic interconnect capacitance and inductance. The manufacturing of square loop inductors is presented too.
Stereoselective addition reaction of diethylzinc to aldehydes, catalyzed by cinchona alkaloids (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective addition reaction of diethylzinc to aldehydes, catalyzed by cinchona alkaloidsA. A. Smaardijk and Hans WynbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1, 135–137Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00377a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00377a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views669Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance testing of color‐difference metrics using a color tolerance dataset (1989)

Abstract A color‐difference dataset was developed for testing the performance of color metrics. The dataset comprises 45 color‐difference vectors varying in five directions at nine color centers under conditions typical of commercial color decisions. Probit analysis was used to estimate the parameters of the population distribution of tolerances for each vector. In addition to estimating the median tolerance, the anlysis allows one to estimate the uncertainty of a tolerance and to test the adequacy of the underlying model tolerance distribution. The median tolerances were used to specify 45 color‐difference pairs with equal visual color‐difference magnitudes. The performance of eight color‐difference metrics was compared using the normalized standard deviation of the color differences of the visually equal difference pairs as a measure of uniformity. A bootstrap statistical technique was used to quantify the variation in performance with varying samples of color centers and color‐difference directions and to determine the significance of observed differences in uniformity performance. Some metrics based on weighted CIELAB dl*, dC*, dH* color‐difference components had significantly superior performance compared to the CIE recommended color‐difference metrics.
Nanofiller based spin-on materials for negligible reflection of silicon photonic external coupling (2014)

Optical out coupling is one of the key research items of silicon photonic packaging. It is necessary to realize robust, high-bandwidth, low-power optical data communication system in an economical way. Because material interfaces are always involved for the coupling, the reflection loss at the interface often occupies a major part of loss. Here we report on an ideal anti-reflection coating method for use with silicon nanophotonics devices. Because the refractive index of silicon is large at about 3.5, the optical reflection at the silicon waveguide boundary is large. We describe a set of nanoparticle-based spin-on materials having indices of 1.8 and 1.2. The former material is suitable for a single layer anti-reflection coating on a silicon surface and realizes a first order thin reflection suppression which allows large bandwidth and large angle tolerance. The latter material is for coating of the fiber or polymer interface. We studied the feasibility of uniform coating over microlens structures. High index material is also photo patternable, which is desirable for silicon chip integration.
Learning Character-level Representations for Part-of-Speech Tagging (2014)

Distributed word representations have recently been proven to be an invaluable resource for NLP. These representations are normally learned using neural networks and capture syntactic and semantic information about words. Informa-tion about word morphology and shape is nor-mally ignored when learning word representa-tions. However, for tasks like part-of-speech tag-ging, intra-word information is extremely use-ful, specially when dealing with morphologically rich languages. In this paper, we propose a deep neural network that learns character-level repre-sentation of words and associate them with usual word representations to perform POS tagging. Using the proposed approach, while avoiding the use of any handcrafted feature, we produce state-of-the-art POS taggers for two languages: En-glish, with 97.32 % accuracy on the Penn Tree-bank WSJ corpus; and Portuguese, with 97.47% accuracy on the Mac-Morpho corpus, where the latter represents an error reduction of 12.2 % on the best previous known result. 1.
Bovine 'transfer factor': an oligoribonucleopeptide which initiates antigen-specific lymphocytes responsiveness. (1982)

Bovine transfer factor (TF)--active in initiating specific responsiveness in human thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes to purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD) in vitro--was partially purified from the dialyzable portion of medium from immune lymph node cells (DLNE). Its physiochemical properties and structure were determined by methods previously employed to characterize human PPD-specific TF isolated from dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE). Bovine TF had a molecular weight (MW) of 1100-3000, was destroyed by heating at 56 or 80 degrees C for 30 min, was soluble in water but not in phenol or ether, and could be precipitated with ethanol. Bovine TF activity eluted as a single peak after high-pressure reverse-phase liquid chromatography (HPLC); the active moiety contained at least one free co-planar cis-diol group, as shown by boronate affinity chromatography. Additional structural features were deduced by evaluating TF activity after incubation with various endonucleases, exonucleases, and peptidases, a phosphatase, and a protease. The combined results indicate that bovine TF specific for PPD is an oligoribonucleopeptide. A simplest case molecular model was constructed on the basis of the data obtained. A comparative evaluation of the physicochemical properties and structural features of bovine TF and human TF specific for PPD indicated striking similarities and some differences.
Dependable Emergency-Response Networking Based on Retaskable Network Infrastructures (2008)

Data networking can aid disaster recovery efforts by allowing victims to contact rescuers, rescuers to communicate among themselves, and concerned friends and relatives to contact victims. Unfortunately, conventional data networks themselves are often destroyed by disasters, currently rendering these services unavailable. My thesis is that heterogeneous robust subnetworks that manage to survive a disaster can be enhanced and dynamically retasked to form an Emergency-Response Network (ERN) using techniques from mobile ad-hoc networks. In this dissertation, we discuss the challenges that arise in such applications, with particular attention being paid to security challenges. We describe specific solutions to the challenges of emergency detection, platform support, and topology planning and assessment, relying on the philosophy espoused by the pioneers of the Internet, that protocols and related mechanisms should be as simple as possible, to make it easy to develop correct and interoperable implementations and resist the accumulation of gold-plated requirements that restrict the applicability of the mechanisms. Then, we demonstrate several emergency-response applications running on a prototype ERN based on ZigBee and UDP/IP, and explain how such ERN applications could be deployed on realistic networks.
Design and analysis of a fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid power system (2008)

This paper describes a fuel cell - gas turbine hybrid power system that aims to increase the system efficiency and decrease the costs by employing the waste heat from the fuel cell stack in the gas turbine. The hybrid system consists mainly of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack, a gas-turbine generator and a heat exchanger between them. In this paper, the plant layout of the hybrid system is described, and the dynamic model is presented. The hybrid system is to be optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique, and the optimization procedure to minimize the total cost of the hybrid power system based on PSO is described. The implementation of the optimization method is discussed.
The Historian in Bali (1991)

The challenges faced by a western historian in recording the history of Bali are discussed, highlighting the cultural and perspective differences between the historian and the Balinese who provide historical information. It is suggested that the random and religion-based historiography used by the Balinese needs to analysed by trained Western historians, who face the dilemma of producing rational accounts or including subjective accounts by the Balinese.
Component-based APIs for versioning and distributed applications (1999)

Operating system application programming interfaces (APIs) are typically monolithic procedural interfaces that address a single machine's requirements. This design limits evolutionary development and complicates application development for distributed systems. Current APIs tend to be large, rigid, and focus on a single host machine. Component-based APIs could solve these problems through strong versioning capabilities and support for distributed applications. Ideally, obsolete API calls should be deleted, and calls with modified semantics (but unmodified parameters and return values) would remain the same. However, since the OS must continue to support legacy applications, obsolete calls cannot be deleted, and new call semantics are best introduced through new calls. In addition, typical OS APIs do not adequately address the needs of distributed applications: they have support for intermachine communication but lack high-level support for accessing remote OS resources. The primary omission is a uniform method for naming remote resources, such as windows, files, and synchronization objects.
Scalable Vector Media-processors for Embedded Systems (2002)

Over the past twenty years, processor designers have concentrated on superscalar and VLIW architectures that exploit the instruction-level parallelism (ILP) available in engineering applications for workstation systems. Recently, however, the focus in computing has shifted from engineering to multimedia applications and from workstations to embedded systems. In this new computing environment, the performance, energy consumption, and development cost of ILP processors renders them ineffective despite their theoretical generality. <p>This thesis focuses on the development of efficient architectures for embedded multimedia systems. We argue that it is possible to design processors that deliver high performance, have low energy consumption, and are simple to implement. The basis for the argument is the ability of vector architectures to exploit efficiently the data-level parallelism in multimedia applications. Furthermore, the increasing density of CMOS chips enables the design of cost-effective, on-chip, memory systems that can support the high bandwidth necessary for a vector processor. <p>To test our hypothesis, we present VIRAM, a vector architecture for multimedia processing. We demonstrate that the vector instructions in VIRAM can capture the data-level parallelism in multimedia tasks and lead to smaller code size than RISC, CISC, and VLIW architectures. We also describe two scalable microarchitectures for vector media-processors: VIRAM-1 and CODE. VIRAM-1 integrates a simple, yet highly parallel, vector processor with an embedded DRAM memory system in a prototype chip with 120 million transistors. CODE uses a composite and decoupled organization for the vector processor in order to simplify the vector register file design, tolerate high memory latency, and allow for precise exceptions support. Both microarchitectures provide up to 10 times higher performance than alternative approaches without using out-of-order or wide instruction issue techniques that exacerbate energy consumption and design complexity
Overexpression of miR-10b in colorectal cancer patients: Correlation with <i>TWIST-1</i> and E-cadherin expression (2017)

MicroRNAs are emergent players of epigenetics that function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors and that have been implicated in regulating diverse cellular pathways. MiR-10b is an oncogenic microRNA involved in tumor invasion and metastasis in various cancers. Our data have shown that miR-10b is overexpressed in colorectal cancer samples in comparison with non-tumorous adjacent mucosa (p = 0.0025) and that it is associated with severe features such as tumor size >5 cm (p = 0.023), distant metastasis (p = 0.0022), non-differentiated tumors (p = 0.016), and vascular invasion (p = 0.01). Regarding the regulation of its expression, positive correlation between the loss of miR-10b and aberrant DNA methylation (p = 0.02) as well as a loss of TWIST-1 messenger RNA (p = 0.018) have been observed. Furthermore, expression analysis of the downstream miR-10b targets has shown that there are associations between low HOXD10 messenger RNA and E-cadherin protein levels (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0008, respectively) and overexpression of miR-10b. Our data suggests that overexpression of miR-10b results from high levels of TWIST-1 and may induce a decrease of E-cadherin membranous protein levels, thus contributing to the acquisition of metastatic phenotypes in colorectal cancer.
A Model Study Directed Towards a Practical Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (-)-Morphine (1992)

A tricyclic ring system 10 containing the stereogenic centers of the nonaromatic portion of morphine (1) has been prepared in eight steps from toluene by the combination of microbial oxidation and intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition followed by a Cope rearrangement. Experimental and spectral data are provided for all key compounds and potential for a short synthesis of morphine is indicated.
Planarized Star‐Shaped Oligothiophenes as a New Class of Organic Semiconductors for Heterojunction Solar Cells (2003)

Although compounds 1 and 2 (see Figure) have comparable conjugation lengths, the characterization of vacuum evaporated thin solid films shows that the star‐shaped geometry of compound 1 favors a preferential horizontal orientation of the molecules onto the surface of the substrate, which results in a increase of the efficiency of the corresponding heterojunction solar cells under white‐light illumination by a factor of 20.
Novel Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors with Potent Interferon-Independent Antiviral Activity against Mammarenaviruses In Vitro (2020)

Mammarenaviruses cause chronic infections in rodents, which are their predominant natural hosts. Human infection with some of these viruses causes high-consequence disease, posing significant issues in public health. Currently, no FDA-licensed mammarenavirus vaccines are available, and anti-mammarenavirus drugs are limited to an off-label use of ribavirin, which is only partially efficacious and associated with severe side effects. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors, which block <i>de novo</i> pyrimidine biosynthesis, have antiviral activity against viruses from different families, including <i>Arenaviridae</i>, the taxonomic home of mammarenaviruses. Here, we evaluate five novel DHODH inhibitors for their antiviral activity against mammarenaviruses. All tested DHODH inhibitors were potently active against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) (half-maximal effective concentrations [EC<sub>50</sub>] in the low nanomolar range, selectivity index [SI] > 1000). The tested DHODH inhibitors did not affect virion cell entry or budding, but rather interfered with viral RNA synthesis. This interference resulted in a potent interferon-independent inhibition of mammarenavirus multiplication in vitro, including the highly virulent Lassa and Junín viruses.
Quantum algorithms for the triangle problem (2005)

We present two new quantum algorithms that either find a triangle (a copy of K3) in an undirected graph G on n nodes, or reject if G is triangle free. The first algorithm uses combinatorial ideas with Grover Search and makes O(n10/7) queries. The second algorithm uses O(n13/10) queries, and it is based on a new design concept of Ambainis [6] that incorporates the benefits of quantum walks into Grover search [18]. The first algorithm uses only O(log n) qubits in its quantum subroutines, whereas the second one uses O(n) qubits. The Triangle Problem was first treated in [12], where an algorithm with O(n + √n|E|) query complexity was presented (here |E| is the number of edges of G).