gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective migration of the human helper‐inducer memory T cell subset: confirmation by <i>in vivo</i> cellular kinetic studies (1991)

The vast majority of T cells present in chronic inflammatory lesions are of the helper-inducer/memory (CD45RO+CD29+) phenotype; suppressor-inducer/naive cells (CD45RA+) are virtually absent. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells are found more frequently than CD8+ cells. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that this may be, in part, due to the increased capacity of CD45RO+CD29+ T cells to bind to endothelium and, thus, enter inflammatory foci but no in vivo evidence for preferential migration exists. To investigate this, suction blisters were generated over a purified protein derivative of tuberculin-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity lesions in humans and the phenotype of the blister cells was studied. At all time points, a preponderance of CD45RO+CD29+ cells over CD45RA+ cells and of CD4 over CD8 cells was demonstrated. Because of the rapid kinetics, this appears to represent preferential migration of these cell types rather than in situ proliferation or phenotype conversion. In addition the expression of the CD45RO but not the CD45RA antigen was up-regulated on blister T cells compared to blood T cells. Analysis of blister fluid showed high concentrations of interleukin 6 but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha or lymphotoxin. This study shows for the first time directly in vivo that CD45RO+ T cells migrate preferentially into inflammatory lesions. Furthermore, it illustrates the potential usefulness of this system in the analysis of the early phases of the immune inflammatory response.
The lipoprotein subfraction profile: heritability and identification of quantitative trait loci (2007)

The HDL and LDL subclass profile is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Yet, the biological and genetic mechanisms controlling the lipoprotein subclass distribution are unclear. Therefore, we aimed 1) to determine the heritability of the entire spectrum of LDL and HDL subclass features and 2) to identify gene loci influencing the lipoprotein subfraction pattern. Using NMR spectroscopy, we analyzed the lipoprotein subclass distribution in 1,275 coronary artery disease patients derived from the Regensburg Myocardial Infarction Family Study. We calculated heritabilities, performed a microsatellite genome scan, and calculated linkage. HDL and LDL subclass profiles showed heritabilities ranging from 23% to 67% (all P < 10(-3)) of traits using univariate calculation. After multivariate adjustment, we found heritabilities of 27-48% (all P < 0.05) for HDL and 21-44% for LDL traits. The linkage analysis revealed a significant logarithm of the odds (LOD) score (3.3) for HDL particle concentration on chromosome 18 and a highly suggestive signal for HDL particle size on chromosome 12 (2.9). After multivariate adjustment, we found a significant maximum LOD score of 3.7 for HDL size. Our study is the first to analyze heritability and linkage for the entire spectrum of LDL and HDL subclass features. Our findings may lead to the identification of genes controlling the lipoprotein subclass distribution.
Silicon photonics based MEMS tunable polarization rotatorfor optical communications (2016)

There has been a huge surge in data traffic all over the world due to the rise of streaming media services and connected devices. The current demand in data traffic has already pushed the optical f ...
Difference in the Incidence of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Among Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Admitted to a Public Hospital and a Private Hospital (2002)

The C. difficile acquisition rate at CCH was sevenfold higher than that at RPSLMC, and CCH had a more contaminated environment. Differences in patient acquisition rates likely reflect a greater prevalence of traditional C. difficile risk factors and a concurrent outbreak at CCH. Although two strains heavily contaminated the environment at CCH, only one caused an outbreak, suggesting that factors other than the environment are important in initiating C. difficile outbreaks.
Synthesis of Selenoxo Peptides and Oligoselenoxo Peptides Employing LiAlHSeH (2012)

Synthesis of selenoxo peptides by the treatment of Nα-protected peptide esters with a combination of PCl5 and LiAlHSeH is delineated. The method is simple, high-yielding, and free from racemization. Thus obtained selenoxo peptides are used as units for N-terminal chain extension through Nα-deprotection/coupling to yield peptide–selenoxo peptide hybrids. Multiple selenation is demonstrated by conversion of two peptide bonds of tripeptides into selenoxo peptide bonds. Amino acid derived arylamides are also converted into aryl selenoamides. C6H5-CSeNH-Val-OMe 8f is obtained as single crystal, and its structure was determined through X-ray diffraction study.
Protein Inhibitors of Cysteine Proteinases. III. Amino-Acid Sequence of Cystatin from Chicken Egg White (1983)

Cystatin, the protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases from chicken egg white was purified by a new method. The two major forms with pI 6.5 (Peak I) and 5.6 (Peak II) were separated. Molecular masses of both forms are approx. 12700 Da as determined by gel chromatography; Form A from Peak I has a molecular mass of 12191 Da as calculated from its amino-acid sequence. The complete amino-acid sequence of Form A was determined by automated solid-phase Edman degradation of the whole inhibitor and its cyanogen bromide fragments. It contains 108 amino-acid residues. Form B from Peak II represents an elongation of Form A by 8 amino-acid residues at the N-terminus. Cystatin contains four cysteine residues, presumably forming two disulphide bridges. Comparison of the amino-acid sequences and near ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra of stefin, the cysteine proteinase inhibitor from human granulocytes, and cystatin shows that the two proteins are entirely different. According to the primary structures, probably neither proteinase inhibitor is involved in a thiol-disulphide exchange mechanism in the interaction with its target enzyme.
Phosphosilicate Glass Stabilization of MOS Structures (1971)

The flatband voltage and stability of metal‐glass‐oxide‐silicon (MGOS) systems were studied for phosphosilicate glass layers of varying thickness and composition. Thickness from 30 to 200Aå and compositions from 1 to 6 mole per cent (m/o) <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML1" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>P</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>O</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> were used with a total insulator thickness of 500Aå. Electrical properties were measured after contamination (before metallization) of 4 different levels of sodium ranging from approximately 10 11 to 10 14 /cm 2 . The initial flatband voltage was found to be linear with both sodium contamination and PSG thickness. The <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML2" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>FB</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> shift (due to +10V bias at 200°C for 10 min) is a decreasing linear function of the product of thickness and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML3" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>P</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>O</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> concentration up to a value of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML4" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>PSG</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mo>M</mml:mo> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:math> sufficient to trap all sodium. At higher PSG levels, the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML5" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>FB</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> increases. For a desired level of Na protection, the thickness—mole per cent product needed, can be determined by the figures supplied.
Improved stability predictions in milling through more realistic load conditions (2018)

In this paper, the combined influence of the load condition and the spindle speed on the tooltip dynamics of a five-axis milling machine with dominant spindle modes is evaluated. A constant preload is applied through axially and radially arranged permanent magnets while the dynamic excitation of the rotating dummy tool takes place by a force impact. The structures response is measured with non-contact sensors and Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) are calculated. The required load levels are derived from time domain simulation of the process. The so-obtained stability charts are hence functions of the rotational speed and the load condition which in turn depends on the feed rate and depth of cut. For validation, cutting tests are performed in Aluminum 7075 and results are compared against the predicted lobes. The stability boundary resulting from this approach is capable to explain the shift of the stability pocket which is observed in the cutting experiments when comparing different feed rates.
A Simple and Reliable System for Detecting and Measuring Gas Voids in Safety-Related Fluid Systems (2009)

Over the past 20 years there have a number of instances where nuclear power plant operators have discovered gas voids—typically air but occasionally other gases such as undissolved hydrogen—in fluid systems whose function is important to reactor safety. These systems have included emergency core cooling systems, decay heat removal systems, and containment spray systems. The amount of gas has, in some cases, been sufficient to call into question the operability of the systems; had they been needed. The automatic initiation of a system with a gas void present may lead to gas binding of its pumps, or destructive water hammer. The sources of the gas have been various and not readily controlled. The need for licensees to manage gas accumulation has been formally identified in an NRC generic letter (1). The letter points out a need for continuous monitoring, to detect and quantify gas voids in these systems, thereby to ensure their availability in accordance with design basis requirements. The letter further notes that periodic functional tests of the critical systems will not provide the required assurance of operability; if a periodic test finds a system’s functionality questionable because of gas accumulation, the question of how long its operability has been compromised is unanswered. The system described in this paper—the Linewatch Gas Void Detection System—addresses these issues definitively. It provides the means to detect the onset of void formation in any one of multiple pipes in multiple systems on a continuous basis and, following void formation, the means to quantify the amount of these voids, again continuously.
Regulation of PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling by an estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) ligand (2004)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is a transcriptional coactivator that is a key component in the regulation of energy production and utilization in metabolic tissues. Recent work has identified PGC-1alpha as a strong coactivator of the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha), implicating ERRalpha as a potential mediator of PGC-1alpha action. To understand the role of ERRalpha in PGC-1alpha signaling, a parallel approach of high-throughput screening and gene-expression analysis was used to identify ERRalpha small-molecule regulators and target genes. We report here the identification of a potent and selective ERRalpha inverse agonist that interferes effectively with PGC-1alpha/ERRalpha-dependent signaling. This inverse agonist inhibits the constitutive activity of ERRalpha in both biochemical and cell-based assays. Also, we demonstrate that monoamine oxidase B is an ERRalpha target gene whose expression is regulated by PGC-1alpha and ERRalpha and inhibited by the ERRalpha inverse agonist. The discovery of potent and selective ERRalpha modulators and their effect on PGC-1alpha signaling provides mechanistic insight into gene regulation by PGC-1alpha. These findings validate ERRalpha as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity.
NK cell heparanase controls tumor invasion and immune surveillance (2017)

NK cells are highly efficient at preventing cancer metastasis but are infrequently found in the core of primary tumors. Here, have we demonstrated that freshly isolated mouse and human NK cells express low levels of the endo-β-D-glucuronidase heparanase that increase upon NK cell activation. Heparanase deficiency did not affect development, differentiation, or tissue localization of NK cells under steady-state conditions. However, mice lacking heparanase specifically in NK cells (Hpsefl/fl NKp46-iCre mice) were highly tumor prone when challenged with the carcinogen methylcholanthrene (MCA). Hpsefl/fl NKp46-iCre mice were also more susceptible to tumor growth than were their littermate controls when challenged with the established mouse lymphoma cell line RMA-S-RAE-1β, which overexpresses the NK cell group 2D (NKG2D) ligand RAE-1β, or when inoculated with metastatic melanoma, prostate carcinoma, or mammary carcinoma cell lines. NK cell invasion of primary tumors and recruitment to the site of metastasis were strictly dependent on the presence of heparanase. Cytokine and immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy for metastases was compromised when NK cells lacked heparanase. Our data suggest that heparanase plays a critical role in NK cell invasion into tumors and thereby tumor progression and metastases. This should be considered when systemically treating cancer patients with heparanase inhibitors, since the potential adverse effect on NK cell infiltration might limit the antitumor activity of the inhibitors.
Stochastic cycle period analysis in timed circuits (2002)

This paper presents a technique to estimate the stochastic cycle period (SCP), a performance metric for timed asynchronous circuits. This technique uses timed stochastic Petri nets (TSPN) which support choice and arbitrary delay distributions. The SCP is the delay of the average path in a TSPN when represented as a sum of weighted place delays. A place delay is the expected value of its associated distribution and its weight denotes its importance in the average path of the TSPN. The approach analyzes finite execution traces of the TSPN to derive an expression for the weight values in the SCP. The weights can be analyzed with basic statistics to within an arbitrary error bound. This paper demonstrates the use of the SCP to aggressively optimize timed asynchronous circuits for improved average-case performance by reducing transistor counts, reordering input pins at gates, and skewing transistor sizes to favor important transitions. Each optimization effort is directed to improve the average-case delay in the circuit at the possible expense of the worst-case delay.
Role of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase in protecting against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity and mutagenicity. (1999)

Cyclophosphamide is used to treat a wide range of human malignancies. However, it is also a known carcinogen associated with induction of therapy-related leukemia and bladder cancer. The DNA repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), protects cells from the toxic and mutagenic effects of O6-alkylating agents. We report here the contribution of AGT in protecting against the toxic and mutagenic effects of cyclophosphamide. CHO cells transduced with wild-type human AGT (CHO(AGT)) and pcDNA3 (CHOpcDNA3) were treated with activated cyclophosphamide derivatives, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), 4-hydroperoxydidechlorocyclophosphamide (4-HDC), a progenitor of acrolein, and phosphoramide mustard (PM). The results show that CHO(AGT) is 7- or 20-fold less sensitive to the toxic effects of 30 microM 4-HC or 300 microM 4-HDC, respectively, than CHOpcDNA3 cells as measured by cell survival using a colony-forming assay. CHO(AGT) cells treated with 20 microM 4-HC or 200 microM 4-HDC produced 4- or 7-fold lower mutation frequency as measured at the HPRT locus than CHOpcDNA3 cells treated with the same dose of drugs. At 30 microM acrolein, the cell survival for CHO(AGT) was 30% compared with 18.7% for CHOpcDNA3. The mutation frequency of acrolein at the same dose was 57 mutants/10(6) cells in CHOpcDNA3 compared with no mutants in CHO(AGT). In contrast, CHO(AGT) and CHOpcDNA3 cells treated with PM had similar survival curves and exhibited no difference in mutation frequency. The present study demonstrates that AGT plays an important role in protecting against the toxic and mutagenic effect of cyclophosphamide and suggests that acrolein, not PM, is responsible for generating the toxic and mutagenic lesion(s) protected by the AGT protein.
A novel endo-beta-1,3-glucanase, BGN13.1, involved in the mycoparasitism of Trichoderma harzianum (1995)

The mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413 produces at least three extracellular beta-1,3-glucanases. The most basic of these extracellular enzymes, named BGN13.1, was expressed when either fungal cell wall polymers or autoclaved mycelia from different fungi were used as the carbon source. BGN13.1 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and was biochemically characterized. The enzyme was specific for beta-1,3 linkages and has an endolytic mode of action. A synthetic oligonucleotide primer based on the sequence of an internal peptide was designed to clone the cDNA corresponding to BGN13.1. The deduced amino acid sequence predicted a molecular mass of 78 kDa for the mature protein. Analysis of the amino acid sequence indicates that the enzyme contains three regions, one N-terminal leader sequence; another, nondefined sequence; and one cysteine-rich C-terminal sequence. Sequence comparison shows that this beta-1,3-glucanase, first described for filamentous fungi, belongs to a family different from that of its previously described bacterial, yeast, and plant counterparts. Enzymatic-activity, protein, and mRNA data indicated that bgn13.1 is repressed by glucose and induced by either fungal cell wall polymers or autoclaved yeast cells and mycelia. Finally, experimental evidence showed that the enzyme hydrolyzes yeast and fungal cell walls.
Simplified High Voltage Hollow Cathode Discharge Tube for Excitation Source of Metal Vapor Lasers (1982)

A simplified high voltage hollow cathode discharge tube with internal helical anode system is newly proposed as an excitation source of metal vapor lasers. The radial distribution of luminous intensity emitted from this discharge tube is symmetric with respect to the axis. The current-voltage characteristics of this type of discharge can be continuously controlled by changing the distance between the threads of the helical anode.
CMOS Open-Gate Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors for Ultrasensitive Dopamine Detection (2010)

Open-gate ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) are presented in this paper to provide a real-time ultrasensitive dopamine (DA) detection in the femtomolar (fM) range. The polysilicon gates of p-type FETs fabricated in a 0.35-μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process were removed by a convenient post-CMOS process to expose the gate oxide for surface functionalization and biomolecule immobilization. The measured current value increased due to the produced negative charges from binding of the 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid and DA molecules. The thin gate oxide, as the sensing interface, significantly enhances the detection limit, which is comparable to or better than most nanowire-based ISFETs. A self-oscillating readout circuit was used to convert the ISFET current to a digital output for the measurement of multiple sensors, showing the strength of the CMOS-based approach for sensor integration.
Thick Lips, Bumpy Tongue, and Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis—A Deadly Combination (1988)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b (MEN 2b) is a rare genetic disorder. Affected individuals have malignant thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, and ganglioneuromatosis. The musculoskeletal manifestations of MEN 2b include a Marfanoid habitus, pes cavus, scoliosis, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, joint laxity, poor muscle development, and delayed maturation. The initial clinical presentation of MEN 2b frequently involves the musculoskeletal system. The characteristics ganglioneuromatosis of the lips and tongue, however, should alert the orthopedic surgeon to the underlying disorder. Effective treatment of the malignant neoplasms hinges on early diagnosis. The risk of perioperative hypertensive crisis is significant; it may be prevented by appropriate treatment of the pheochromocytoma.
Characterization of control noise effects in optimal quantum unitary dynamics (2014)

This work develops measures for quantifying the effects of field noise upon targeted unitary transformations. Robustness to noise is assessed in the framework of the quantum control landscape, which is the mapping from the control to the unitary transformation performance measure (quantum gate fidelity). Within that framework, a geometric interpretation of stochastic noise effects naturally arises, where more robust optimal controls are associated with regions of small overlap between landscape curvature and the noise correlation function. Numerical simulations of this overlap in the context of quantum information processing reveal distinct noise spectral regimes that better support robust control solutions. This perspective shows the dual importance of both noise statistics and the control form for robustness, thereby opening up new avenues of investigation on how to mitigate noise effects in quantum systems.
Novel refractory semiconductors (1987)

These proceedings collect papers on the subject of semiconductors. Topics include: Boron-rich solids, including borides and boron carbides; electron transport properties; bipolaron formation; pressureless sintering of lanthanum hexaboride materials; vapor-deposited boron carbide; internal friction of zirconium-doped boron; doping of silicon carbide epilayers on silicon; refractory semiconductors for high-temperature thermoelectric energy conversion; and lanthanide refractory semiconductors.
DRAMA: Dynamic Re-Allocation of Meshes for Parallel Finite Element Applications (2009)

In many areas of simulation, a crucial component for efficient numerical computations is the use of solution-driven adaptive features: locally adapted meshing or re-meshing; dynamically changing computational tasks. The full advantages of high performance computing (HPC) technology will thus only be able to be exploited when efficient parallel adaptive solvers can be realised. The resulting requirement for HPC software is for dynamic load balancing, which for many mesh-based applications means dynamic mesh re-partitioning. The DRAMA project has been initiated to address this issue, with a particular focus being the requirements of industrial Finite Element codes, but codes using Finite Volume formulations will also be able to make use of the project results.