gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 4‐ETHOXYFLUORANTHENOPYRYLIUM AND FLUORANTHENOPYRONE SALTS (1979)

Abstract Das 11‐Hydroxy‐12‐acetyl‐fluoranthen (I) und in ähnlicher Weise auch das Isomere (II) werden zu Pyronen und Pyryliumsalzen cyclisiert.
THE IBA SUPERCONDUCTING SYNCHROCYCLOTRON PROJECT S2C2 (2013)

In 2009 IBA started developing a compact superconducting synchrocyclotron as part of the small footprint proton therapy system ProteusOne ® . The cyclotron has been completely designed and constructed and is currently under commissioning at the IBA factory. Its design and commissioning results are presented.
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the Biological Activities of Metallic Nanoparticles (2017)

Nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them appropriate for various applications. The structural alteration of metallic NPs leads to different biological functions, specifically resulting in different potentials for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The amount of ROS produced by metallic NPs correlates with particle size, shape, surface area, and chemistry. ROS possess multiple functions in cellular biology, with ROS generation a key factor in metallic NP-induced toxicity, as well as modulation of cellular signaling involved in cell death, proliferation, and differentiation. In this review, we briefly explained NP classes and their biomedical applications and describe the sources and roles of ROS in NP-related biological functions in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we also described the roles of metal NP-induced ROS generation in stem cell biology. Although the roles of ROS in metallic NP-related biological functions requires further investigation, modulation and characterization of metallic NP-induced ROS production are promising in the application of metallic NPs in the areas of regenerative medicine and medical devices.
Cytokine effects on the down regulation of cytolytic T cell responses in vitro. (1990)

Lymphocytes from mouse and men can be stimulated by a variety of cellular signals including concanavalin A and the interferons to generate cells capable of non-specific down regulation of the generation of immune responses. The studies reported here extend this finding to show that such regulatory cells are also generated during the course of a mixed lymphocyte response and following stimulation of the CD3 component of the T cell receptor with anti-CD3 antibody. Regulatory activity was assessed by the addition of putative regulatory cells to mixed lymphocyte cultures and measuring the generation of cytolytic T cell activity in these cultures. The action of such non-specific regulatory cells was blocked by antiserum to the N-terminal sequence of soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS). In addition, generation of the regulatory cell population was inhibited by antiserum to the 55 kd subunit of the IL-2 receptor. A survey of cytokines showed that while IL-2 was able to stimulate the generation of non-specific regulatory cell activity, IL-1,3,6,7, and 10 as well as TNF alpha and TGF beta were unable to generate such activity. IL-2 was unable to generate non-specific suppressive activity in the presence of anti-IL-2 receptor antibody. The regulatory activity of cells generated by IL-2 was inhibited by the anti-SIRS antiserum.
Functional I-structure, and M-structure Implementations of NAS Benchmark FT (1994)

: We implement the NAS parallel benchmark FT, which numerically solves a three dimensional partial differential equation using forward and inverse FFTs, in the dataflow language Id and run it on a one node monsoon machine. Id is a layered language with a purely functional kernel, a deterministic layer with I-structures, and a non-deterministic layer with M-structures. We compare the performance of versions of our code written in these three layers of Id. We measure instruction counts and critical path length using the Monsoon Interpreter Mint. We measure the space requirements of our codes by determining the largest possible problem size fitting on a one node monsoon machine. The purely functional code provides the highest average parallelism, but this parallelism turns out to be superfluous. The I-structure code executes the minimal number of instructions and as it has a similar critical path length as the functional code, runs the fastest. The M-structure code allows the largest pro...
A General Lake Model (GLM 2.4) for linking with high-frequency sensor data from the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) (2017)

Abstract. The General Lake Model (GLM) is a one-dimensional open-source model code designed to simulate the hydrodynamics of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands. GLM was developed to support the science needs of the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON), a network of lake sensors and researchers attempting to understand lake functioning and address questions about how lakes around the world vary in response to climate and land-use change. The scale and diversity of lake types, locations and sizes, as well as the observational data within GLEON, created the need for a robust community model of lake dynamics with sufficient flexibility to accommodate a range of scientific and management needs of the GLEON community. This paper summarises the scientific basis and numerical implementation of the model algorithms, including details of sub-models that simulate surface heat exchange and ice-cover dynamics, vertical mixing and inflow/outflow dynamics. A summary of typical parameter values for lakes and reservoirs collated from a range of sources is included. GLM supports a dynamic coupling with biogeochemical and ecological modelling libraries for integrated simulations of water quality and ecosystem health. An overview of approaches for integration with other models, and utilities for the analysis of model outputs and for undertaking sensitivity and uncertainty assessments is also provided. Finally, we discuss application of the model within a distributed cloud-computing environment, and as a tool to support learning of network participants.
Cytokine‐Initiated Signal Transduction in Human Myometrial Cells (1993)

It is suggested that IL-1 and TNF may activate one or more isoforms of the catalytic component of adenylyl cyclase, raising intracellular cAMP.
CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN ACCUMULATION IN THE DEVELOPING FIELD PEA SEED (1980)

Changes in quality factors during seed maturation were examined in yellow smooth-seeded field peas (Pisum sativum L. ’Trapper’) under different nitrogen (N) regimes. Sucrose was the sole oligosaccharide (17% of dry weight) at 15 days post-anthesis, but at full seed maturity (80 days post-anthesis) had decreased to 2.2% of seed dry weight. At maturity, raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose content had reached concentrations of 0.6, 1.8, and 2.3%, respectively. Total oligosaccharide content remained constant regardless of variation in seed protein concentration, and was unaffected by applications of N fertilizer. Seed protein (%) was found to be variable and positively correlated with N fertilizer treatments. Seed protein (dry basis) decreased during seed maturation. This decrease was most evident in the absence of added N fertilizer. Symbiotic fixation (acetylene reduction) was low in all treatments and made little contribution to plant N content. Fixation in the absence of added N was insufficient to maintain seed N at levels comparable to those observed in the high-N fertilizer treatments. The constancy of oligosaccharide content under the different fertilizer regimes indicated that the content of these components might be more amenable to genetic manipulation via selection rather than by varying management practices.
A pilot, open‐label study of the effectiveness and tolerability of low‐dose <scp>ZX</scp>008 (fenfluramine <scp>HC</scp>l) in Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (2018)

ZX008 provided clinically meaningful reduction (≥50%) in CS frequency in the majority of patients with LGS in this pilot study and was generally well tolerated. A phase 3, randomized, controlled study is ongoing.
Theory of Transmission Switches and Its Application to Design of CMOS Digital Circuits (1992)

Abstract This paper distinguishes two kinds of algebra, namely switching algebra and binary signal algebra, in which switching and binary signal variables describe switching states of MOS transistors and signals in digital circuits respectively. Threshold comparison operations, transmission operation and union operation are introduced to connect these two algebras. These new operations conform to the action principle of MOS transistors. Based on the theory of transmission switches proposed in this paper, new design procedures for both constant and variable transmission sources are presented. the logic design of CMOS circuits at switch level is realized and CMOS circuits with simpler construction may be obtained by using variable transmission sources.
Casimir torque between dielectrics (1995)

We show that the vacuum can induce a torque between two uniaxial birefringent dielectric plates. We discuss the differences and analogies between this torque and the Casimir force in the same configuration. We show that the torque can be interpreted as arising from angular-momentum transfer from the vacuum to the plates, as well as from the orientation dependence of the zero-point energy.
Structural Insights into the Extracytoplasmic Thiamine-Binding Lipoprotein p37 of <i>Mycoplasma hyorhinis</i> (2009)

The Mycoplasma hyorhinis protein p37 has been implicated in tumorigenic transformation for more than 20 years. Though there are many speculations as to its function, based solely on sequence homology, the issue has remained unresolved. Presented here is the 1.6-A-resolution refined crystal structure of M. hyorhinis p37, renamed the extracytoplasmic thiamine-binding lipoprotein (Cypl). The structure shows thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and two calcium ions are bound to Cypl and give the first insights into possible functions of the Cypl-like family of proteins. Sequence alignments of Cypl-like proteins between several different species of mycoplasma show that the thiamine-binding site is likely conserved and structural alignments reveal the similarity of Cypl to various binding proteins. While the experimentally determined function of Cypl remains unknown, the structure shows that the protein is a TPP-binding protein, opening up many avenues for future mechanistic studies and making Cypl a possible target for combating mycoplasma infections and tumorigenic transformation.
A bipolar voltage-controlled tunable filter (1981)

A complete monolithic state variable filter is described which has been fabricated with bipolar technology. Two-quadrant multipliers are used in a novel fashion to achieve integration time constant large enough for audio purposes. Voltage control of frequency response from 20 Hz to above 20 kHz has been achieved without sacrifice of accuracy (notch depth >50 dB, low-pass and bandpass responses accurate to better than 0.1 dB), dynamic range (>90 dB), power supply rejection (PSRR>40 dB) or frequency drift (<200 ppm//spl deg/C). The design has been shown to be generally useful in the design of self-contained bipolar filters.
Capacitive sensors for detection of the movement artifacts in active capacitive electrocardiography electrodes (2012)

A capacitive sensor system is integrated into an active capacitive ECG electrode. This system provides a signal, which is correlated with movement artifacts during ECG signal acquisition, and can be used as reference signal in an adaptive filter.
Reconfiguralbe multimedia accelerator for mobile systems (2008)

In this paper, we present a reconfigurable multimedia accelerator (RMA) weakly coupled to an application processor. RMA relies on explicit multithreading and streaming intrinsics to mitigate the effects of memory latency and efficient bandwidth requirements dictated by modern multimedia applications. RMA is designed in 65 nm and operates at a working frequency of 200 MHz.
In Channelrhodopsin-2 Glu-90 Is Crucial for Ion Selectivity and Is Deprotonated during the Photocycle (2012)

The light-activated microbial ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is a powerful tool to study cellular processes with high spatiotemporal resolution in the emerging field of optogenetics. To customize the channel properties for optogenetic experiments, a detailed understanding of its molecular reaction mechanism is essential. Here, Glu-90, a key residue involved in the gating and selectivity mechanism of the ion channel is characterized in detail. The deprotonation of Glu-90 during the photocycle is elucidated by time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy, which seems to be part of the opening mechanism of the conductive pore. Furthermore, Glu-90 is crucial to ion selectivity as also revealed by mutation of this residue combined with voltage clamp experiments. By dynamic homology modeling, we further hypothesized that the conductive pore is flanked by Glu-90 and located between helices A, B, C, and G.
Perception of glottalization and phrase-final creak (2015)

American English has several linguistic sources of creaky voice. Two common sources are /t/-glottalization (where /t/ is produced as a glottal stop and/or with creaky voice, as in "button") and phrase-final creak. Both /t/-glottalization and phrase-final creak have similar acoustic properties, but they can co-occur in English. The goal of this study is to determine whether /t/-glottalization and phrase-final creak are perceived distinctly. Sixteen English listeners were asked to identify words in a two-alternative forced choice task. The auditory targets were (near-) minimal pairs, in which one word could have /t/-glottalization (e.g., "button") but the other could not (e.g., "bun"). Stimuli were presented with and without phrase-final creak. Listeners made few identification errors overall, even when /t/-glottalization co-occurred with phrase-final creak, suggesting that /t/-glottalization and phrase-final creak remain perceptually distinct to English listeners. This supports the view that creaky voice is not a single category, but one comprised of distinct voice qualities.
Better detection of Ig heavy chain and TCRγ gene rearrangement in plasma cell-free DNA from patients with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (2010)

Lymphoma non-Hodgkin, plasma, cell-free DNA, gene rearrangement, immunoglobulin, heavy-chain gene, T-cell receptor.γ
Closed form theory of multicavity reflectors and the output power of external cavity diode lasers (1984)

A closed form solution for the transmission and reflection coefficients of a double cavity Fabry-Perot resonator is given. The explicit expressions for these coefficients are used in a formula to give the output power of diode lasers coupled to multiple external cavities. Analysis of a cleaved or etched coupled-cavity laser shows that stable operation depends on proper choice of the phase length of both the gap and the control section. A study of a diode laser coupled to an external waveguide containing a Bragg reflector shows that for correct choice of grating reflectivity only modestly effective antireflection coatings (5 percent on laser facet and 2 percent on waveguide face) are required to allow the grating to dominate the operating wavelength of the laser diode. A single external cavity with loss coupled to a laser diode is also considered. In this case the theory indicates the necessity of proper control of loss or coupling fraction between diode and cavity for there to be effective control of wavelength.
Basic slit spectroscope reveals three-dimensional scenes through diagonal slices of hyperspectral cubes (2014)

A basic slit spectroscope is usually held close to the eye to produce the spectrum of a single slit view. However, a more distant viewer may have multiple slit views at once, an effect of dispersion that has been overlooked. Investigations of spectroscopic image geometry reveal that the maximum field of view equals the dispersion angle. Spectrally decoded camera-obscura projections compose three-dimensional images of a scene, emulating a Benton hologram. The images represent diagonal sections of a hyperspectral datacube. Consequently, the spectroscope can be used as an autostereoscopic display and for a fourth technique of hyperspectral data acquisition, named spatiospectral scanning.
An On-Site Heavy Metal Analyzer With Polymer Lab-on-a-Chips for Continuous Sampling and Monitoring (2009)

An on-site analyzer system for monitoring of heavy metals has been presented. This analyzer can automatically perform long-term continuous water sampling and on-site heavy metals measurement using an array of disposable polymer lab-on-a-chips (lab chip) and a continuous flow sensing method. The system consists of a plastic fluidic motherboard with a microchannels network, microvalves and pump, control circuits, a wireless communication module, a potentiostat, LabVIEW control, and seven disposable heavy metal lab chips. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry was performed using a microfabricated planar bismuth electrode on the chip for detecting heavy metal (e.g., cadmium, Cd) concentrations. Sensing performance sensitivity was improved with by the continuous flow sensing method propelled by the analyzer. On-site measurement of the Cd concentration change of the soil pore and ground water samples from a lab-scale reactor was automatically performed to evaluate the performance of the analyzer with lab chips.
Binary blazed reflection gratings (1994)

A reflection grating with a binary surface profile is presented that has high diffraction efficiency. The measured intensity for the + 1st diffracted order was 77%. The binary grating is composed of a minilattice with feature sizes comparable with the wavelength of the incident light. The overall structure is designed in such a way that it imitates a conventional blazed grating. The grating also has interesting polarization properties. The main part of the TE-polarized light is diffracted into the 1st diffracted order, and most of the TM-polarized light remains in the 0th diffracted order. The measurements of the grating are compared with rigorous diffraction theory and found to be in reasonable agreement.
Molecular Biology of Cytokines (1996)

The development of the technological armamentarium of molecular biology has revolutionized biomedical research in general and nephrologic investigation in particular. In addition to the recent identification of several genes involved in normal kidney function and pathologic conditions, our knowledge regarding the role of cytokines in primary renal diseases, transplant rejection, and dialysis effects has expanded greatly. In particular, molecular biologic methodology has provided insight into the mechanisms controlling cytokine gene regulation, which occurs primarily at the transcriptional level and is mediated by DNA-binding proteins interacting with specific recognition motifs in genetic promoter and enhancer elements. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is discussed as an example because it is a secretory product of mesangial cells and participates in the cytokine network that determines glomerular and interstitial inflammation. In our analysis of IL-6 gene regulation employing reporter gene and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we have found that bacterial lipopolysaccharide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate synergistically induce IL-6 expression in macrophages through at least four transcription factors, including AP-1, cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), NF-IL6, and NF-kappa B. One of the most exciting areas of future research will focus on transcription factor activation in experimental and clinical disease states. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting transcriptional regulation are currently being explored.
Naive T Cell Recruitment to Nonlymphoid Tissues: A Role for Endothelium-Expressed CC Chemokine Ligand 21 in Autoimmune Disease and Lymphoid Neogenesis (2003)

Abstract Naive T cells are usually excluded from nonlymphoid tissues. Only when such tertiary tissues are subjected to chronic inflammation, such as in some (but not all) autoimmune diseases, are naive T cells recruited to these sites. We show that the CCR7 ligand CC chemokine ligand (CCL)21 is sufficient for attracting naive T cells into tertiary organs. We performed intravital microscopy of cremaster muscle venules in T-GFP mice, in which naive T cells express green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP+ cells underwent selectin-dependent rolling, but no firm adherence (sticking). Superfusion with CCL21, but not CXC chemokine ligand 12, induced integrin-dependent sticking of GFP+ cells. Moreover, CCL21 rapidly elicited accumulation of naive T cells into sterile s.c. air pouches. Interestingly, a second CCR7 ligand, CCL19, triggered T cell sticking in cremaster muscle venules, but failed to induce extravasation in air pouches. Immunohistochemistry studies implicate ectopic expression of CCL21 as a mechanism for naive T cell traffic in human autoimmune diseases. Most blood vessels in tissue samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (85 ± 10%) and ulcerative colitis (66 ± 1%) expressed CCL21, and many perivascular CD45RA+ naive T cells were found in these tissues, but not in psoriasis, where CCL21+ vessels were rare (17 ± 1%). These results identify endothelial CCL21 expression as an important determinant for naive T cell migration to tertiary tissues, and suggest the CCL21/CCR7 pathway as a therapeutic target in diseases that are associated with naive T cell recruitment.
Heterostemma pingtaoi (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a New Species from Hainan, China (2010)

cm) longa, Nepal, New 3 5 m, with 2 ranks of 3 0.5-1.5 cm, pubescent, leav< , 45-7.3 X 1. 5-3.3 c
CONNEXINS, CONNEXONS, AND INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION (1996)

Cells in tissues share ions, second messengers, and small metabolites through clusters of intercellular channels called gap junctions. This type of intercellular communication permits coordinated cellular activity. Intercellular channels are formed from two oligomeric integral membrane protein assemblies, called connexons, which span two adjacent cells' plasma membranes and join in a narrow, extracellular "gap." Connexons are formed from connexins, a highly related multigene family consisting of at least 13 members. Since the cloning of the first connexin in 1986, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the complex molecular switches that control the formation and permeability of the intercellular channels. Analysis of the mechanisms of channel assembly has revealed the selectivity of inter-connexin interactions and uncovered novel characteristics of the channel permeability and gating behavior. Structure-function studies provide a molecular understanding of the significance of connexin diversity and demonstrate the unique regulation of connexins by tyrosine kinases and oncogenes.