gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric disorder in a sample of the general population with and without chronic medical conditions (1988)

The authors studied data on psychiatric disorders and eight chronic medical conditions in a community sample of 2,554 persons. The sex- and age-adjusted prevalence of any psychiatric disorder in the preceding 6 months was 24.7% and of lifetime psychiatric disorder was 42.2% among persons with one or more medical conditions, compared to 17.5% and 33.0%, respectively, for persons with no medical condition. Persons with chronic medical conditions were more likely to have lifetime substance use disorders and recent affective and anxiety disorders. Arthritis, cancer, lung disease, neurological disorder, heart disease, and physical handicap were strongly associated with psychiatric disorders, but hypertension and diabetes were not.
Juvenile offspring of rats exposed to restraint stress in late gestation have impaired cognitive performance and dysregulated progestogen formation (2010)

Gestational stress may have lasting effects on the physical and neurocognitive development of offspring. The mechanisms that may underlie these effects are of interest. Progesterone and its 5α-reduced metabolites, dihydroprogesterone and 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP), maintain pregnancy, have neurotrophic effects, and can enhance cognitive performance. We hypothesized that some of the deleterious effects of gestational stress on the cognitive performance of offspring may be related to progestogen formation. Pregnant rat dams were exposed to restraint under a bright light (thrice daily for 45 min) on gestational days 17-21 or were minimally handled controls. Dams that were exposed to restraint had lower circulating levels of 3α,5α-THP and significantly greater concentrations of corticosterone at the time of birth than did control dams. Male and female offspring, that were gestationally stressed or not, were cross-fostered to non-manipulated dams. Between postnatal days 28-30, offspring were assessed for object recognition, a prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent cognitive task. Restraint-exposed offspring performed more poorly in the object recognition task than did control offspring, irrespective of sex. As well, progesterone turnover to its 5α-reduced metabolites in the medial PFC (but not the diencephalon) was significantly reduced among restraint-exposed, compared to control, offspring. Progesterone turnover, and levels of 3α,5α-THP, positively correlated with performance in the object recognition task. Thus, restraint stress in late pregnancy impaired cognitive development and dysregulated progestogen formation in brain.
Detail-preserving variational design of B-spline curves and surfaces (2004)

Multiresolution models provide a powerful tool for complex shape multiresolution editing. However, it is still hard and not intuitive to modify the overall shape of a model while preserving its details by manipulating its control points at lower resolution levels. A better control of deformations and a more intuitive interface should allow the user to control the deformation of a model by manipulating the model directly. This can be achieved by using variational modeling techniques. This paper presents a variational framework for multiresolution model design. The modeled shape is represented as a multiresolution B-spline curve or surface, which can be interactively deformed by direct user inputs. The focus of this paper is on handling multiresolution constraints and preserving surface details throughout the deformation process. To avoid smoothing out the details of the shape in variational modeling, we optimize the deformation energy alone instead of the total energy of the deformed shape. To accelerate the convergence of the iterative energy minimization process, a wavelet-based iterative method is used to compute the solution in a hierarchical fashion.
Indistinguishable and efficient single photons from a quantum dot in a planar nanobeam waveguide (2017)

Planar photonic technology provides a highly promising route of creating an on-chip and on-demand source of single photons, which can be scaled into photonic circuitry. While self-assembled quantum dots have been proven to be excellent coherent single-photon emitters in many microscale structures, in nanoscale devices the photon coherence can be compromised due to the nearby surfaces. Here, the authors achieve 94% indistinguishability of photons emitted from a nanoscale photonic waveguide under $p$-shell excitation.
Testing the Fuel Efficiency of Tractors with Continuously Variable and Standard Geared Transmissions (2013)

<abstract><title><italic>Abstract.</italic></title> A John Deere 8295R IVT tractor with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and a John Deere 8295R PowerShift (PST) tractor with a standard geared transmission (GT) were tested for fuel consumption at three different travel speeds with six different load levels applied per speed. The JD 8295R PST tractor was tested both at full throttle (FT) and shifted up two gears and throttled back (SUTB) to achieve the same travel speed as at full throttle. For each travel speed with each transmission mode, fuel consumption was determined to be linearly related to drawbar power. Linear regression analyses were performed, and the results showed that the tractor with the CVT was more fuel efficient than the tractor with the GT at FT when the power was below 76% to 81% of maximum drawbar power depending on the travel speed. The results also showed that above 37% to 52% of maximum drawbar power, the GT at SUTB was more fuel efficient than the CVT-equipped tractor. As travel speed increased, the percent of maximum power below which the CVT was significantly more fuel efficient than the GT at FT decreased slightly. Likewise, as travel speed increased, the percent of maximum power above which the GT at SUTB was more fuel efficient than the CVT decreased. Some significant differences existed between fuel consumption at different travel speeds within each transmission operating mode. In order to determine differences in fuel consumption between the transmission operating modes and at different travel speeds, testing with at least three loads and at least three travel speeds is recommended. Additional testing is needed on other tractor models, including models from other manufacturers, to determine whether the differences detected in this study pertain to all CVT-equipped tractors or if they are specific to this tractor model and manufacturer.
Jitter and clock recovery for periodic traffic in broadband packet networks (2003)

The transparent transport of real-time periodic traffic through a broadband packet network requires the recovery of source clock frequency at the destination. The inherently stochastic nature of packet transport in the network makes the recovery difficult. The authors illustrate the packet jitter phenomenon, describe several clock recovery algorithms, and provide a systematic design procedure for the implementation of these algorithms. They apply them to a computer model of a single-stage FCFS (first-come-first-serve) multiplexer to demonstrate their effectiveness and different design tradeoffs. The authors discuss the application of these schemes to audio and video services, as well as to digital circuit-switched traffic, e.g., DS1 and DS3.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrochemistry in transition : from the 20th to the 21st century (1992)

Overview and Double Layer: Electrochromatism (M.A. Habib). Spectroscopic Studies: Ellipsometry at MetalElectrolyte Interfaces (W. Visscher). Electrode Kinetics and Electrocatalysis: Rechargeable Manganese Oxide Electrodes and Cells (H.S. Wroblowa). Photoelectrochemsitry: Photoelectrocatalysis (M. Szklarczyk). Hydrogen Technologies, Organic Electrochemsitry: Comparison of Hydrogen with Coal and Synthetic Fossil Fuels (T.N. Veziroglu et al.). Bioelectrochemistry: Electrochemistry Applied to Medical Diagnostics (M.A. Genshaw). Electrodeposition and Electrodissolution, HighTemperature Electrochemistry: Electroless Deposition of Metals and Alloys (M. Paunovic). Passivity, Corrosion, Steels, and Minerals: Corrosion of Thin Film Storage Media (V. Brusic et al.). Electrochemical Energy ConversionFuturistic Electrochemistry: Electrocatalysis on SPE Membrane Electrodes (H. Kita et al.). 32 additional articles. Index.
A catalytic method for asymmetric nucleophilic aromatic substitution giving binaphthyls (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA catalytic method for asymmetric nucleophilic aromatic substitution giving binaphthylsMitsuru Shindo, Kenji Koga, and Kiyoshi TomiokaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 22, 8732–8733Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00048a074RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views804Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (292 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Control of cellular cholesterol efflux by the nuclear oxysterol receptor LXRα (2000)

LXR alpha is a nuclear receptor that has previously been shown to regulate the metabolic conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. Here we define a role for this transcription factor in the control of cellular cholesterol efflux. We demonstrate that retroviral expression of LXR alpha in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts or RAW264.7 macrophages and/or treatment of these cells with oxysterol ligands of LXR results in 7- to 30-fold induction of the mRNA encoding the putative cholesterol/phospholipid transporter ATP-binding cassette (ABC)A1. In contrast, induction of ABCA1 mRNA in response to oxysterols is attenuated in cells that constitutively express dominant-negative forms of LXR alpha or LXR beta that lack the AF2 transcriptional activation domain. We further demonstrate that expression of LXR alpha in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and/or treatment of these cells with oxysterols is sufficient to stimulate cholesterol efflux to extracellular apolipoprotein AI. The ability of oxysterol ligands of LXR to stimulate efflux is dramatically reduced in Tangier fibroblasts, which carry a loss of function mutation in the ABCA1 gene. Taken together, these results indicate that cellular cholesterol efflux is controlled, at least in part, at the level of transcription by a nuclear receptor-signaling pathway. They suggest a model in which activation of LXRs by oxysterols in response to cellular sterol loading leads to induction of the ABCA1 transporter and the stimulation of lipid efflux to extracellular acceptors. These findings have important implications for our understanding of mammalian cholesterol homeostasis and suggest new opportunities for pharmacological regulation of cellular lipid metabolism.
Competing hidden Markov models on the self-organizing map (2000)

This paper presents an unsupervised segmentation method for feature sequences based on competitive-learning hidden Markov models. Models associated with the nodes of the self-organizing map learn to become selective to the segments of temporal input sequences. Input sequences may have arbitrary lengths. Segment models emerge then on the map through an unsupervised learning process. The method was tested in speech recognition, where the performance of the emergent segment models was as good as the performance of the traditionally used linguistic speech segment models. The benefits of the proposed method are the use of unsupervised learning for obtaining the state models for temporal data and the convenient visualization of the state space on the two-dimensional map.
Understanding, modeling, and improving main-memory database performance (2002)

During the last two decades, computer hardware has experienced remarkable developments. Especially CPU (clock-)speed has been following Moore's Law, i.e., doubling every 18 months; and there is no indication that this trend will change in the foreseeable future.\n\nRecent research has revealed that database performance, even with main-memory based systems, can hardly benefit from the ever increasing CPU power. The reason for this is that the performance of other hardware components has not been increasing at the same rate as CPU speed. While memory bandwidth has been growing steadily, memory latency has hardly changed. Thus, random memory access has become a major bottleneck for database query processing. This thesis analyzes the impact of modern hardware on main-memory database performance and develops new techniques to better exploit the available hardware resources.\n\nUsing simple benchmarks, we show that --- unless special care is taken --- database algorithms can spend up to 90% of their time waiting for memory. Exhaustive experiments reveal that memory access is a major bottleneck for database performance on almost any hardware platform, ranging from small of-the-shelf PCs to large high-performance servers.\n\nThe insight gained allows us to design detailed cost models to predict the performance behavior of database algorithms by estimating the number of performance-relevant events, such as cache misses and TLB misses, and scoring them by their respective cost, i.e., their latency.\n\nFocusing on joins, we develop new cache-conscious algorithms. The main idea is to restrict random data access to data that fits into the (smallest) CPU cache. Our cost models allow us to automatically tune our algorithms to achieve optimal performance on various hardware platforms.\n\nFurther analysis shows that even with minimized memory access costs, database algorithms cannot exploit the full potential of modern super-scaler CPUs. We discuss various implementation techniques to improve the efficiency.
Nuclear Localization of Flavivirus RNA Synthesis in Infected Cells (2006)

Flaviviral replication is believed to be exclusively cytoplasmic, occurring within virus-induced membrane-bound replication complexes in the host cytoplasm. Here we show that a significant proportion (20%) of the total RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity from cells infected with West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and dengue virus is resident within the nucleus. Consistent with this, the major replicase proteins NS3 and NS5 of JEV also localized within the nucleus. NS5 was found distributed throughout the nucleoplasm, but NS3 was present at sites of active flaviviral RNA synthesis, colocalizing with NS5, and visible as distinct foci along the inner periphery of the nucleus by confocal and immunoelectron microscopy. Both these viral replicase proteins were also present in the nuclear matrix, colocalizing with the peripheral lamina, and revealed a well-entrenched nuclear location for the viral replication complex. In keeping with this observation, antibodies to either NS3 or NS5 coimmunoprecipitated the other protein from isolated nuclei along with newly synthesized viral RNA. Taken together these data suggest an absolute requirement for both of the replicase proteins for nucleus-localized synthesis of flavivirus RNA. Thus, we conclusively demonstrate for the first time that the host cell nucleus functions as an additional site for the presence of functionally active flaviviral replicase complex.
High slope efficiency and low noise characteristics in tapered-active-stripe DFB lasers with narrow beam divergence (1999)

We report high slope efficiency and low noise characteristics in a distributed feedback (DFB) laser lasing at 1.3 /spl mu/m with narrow beam divergence by employment of a laterally tapered active stripe over the whole cavity. This tapered structure is designed to realize narrow beam divergence, low threshold current, and high longitudinal mode selectivity. The fabricated tapered-active-stripe DFB lasers demonstrated of 9.20/spl times/13.40 and a record slope efficiency, for a narrow beam DFB laser, of 0.59 mW/mA. The temperature characteristics from -10/spl deg/C to 85/spl deg/C shows high output power at high temperature, stable single longitudinal mode oscillation and stable far-field patterns. Furthermore, for the first time ever, a low relative intensity noise characteristic of under -155 dB/Hz has been realized when butt-coupling into a single-mode fiber.
Commensal cuckoo (2012)

We present commensal cuckoo,* a secure group partitioning scheme for large-scale systems that maintains the correctness of many small groups, despite a Byzantine adversary that controls a constant (global) fraction of all nodes. In particular, the adversary is allowed to repeatedly rejoin faulty nodes to the system in an arbitrary adaptive manner, e.g., to collocate them in the same group. Commensal cuckoo addresses serious practical limitations of the state-ofthe- art scheme, the cuckoo rule of Awerbuch and Scheideler, tolerating 32x--41x more faulty nodes with groups as small as 64 nodes (as compared to the hundreds required by the cuckoo rule). Secure group partitioning is a key component of highly-scalable, reliable systems such as Byzantine faulttolerant distributed hash tables (DHTs).
Pore-Scale Characterization of Organic Immiscible-Liquid Morphology in Natural Porous Media Using Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography (2005)

The objective of this study was to quantitatively characterize the pore-scale morphology of organic immiscible liquid residing within natural porous media. Synchrotron X-ray microtomography was used to obtain high-resolution, three-dimensional images of solid and liquid phases in packed columns. The image data were processed to generate quantitative measurements of organic-liquid blob morphology. Three porous media, comprising a range of particle-size distributions, were used to evaluate the impact of porous-medium texture on blob morphology. The sizes and shapes of the organic-liquid blobs varied greatly, ranging from small spherical singlets (> or = 0.03 mm in diameter) to large, amorphous ganglia with mean lengths of 4-5 mm. The smaller blobs were composed primarily of singlets, which comprised approximately half of all blobs for all three media. Conversely, large, complex blobs comprising four or more bodies composed 11-24% of the total number of blobs. However, the majority of the total organic-liquid surface area and volume was associated with the largest blobs. The ratio of median blob size to median grain size was close to unity for all three systems. The distribution of blob sizes was greatest for the porous medium with the broadest particle-size and pore-size distributions. These results illustrate the utility of synchrotron X-ray microtomography for characterizing fluid distributions at the pore scale in natural porous media.
Transition Metal Oxide Core−Shell Nanowires:  Generic Synthesis and Transport Studies (2004)

A generic non-equilibrium synthesis technique has been developed to produce novel transition metal oxide nanowires, including YBa2Cu3O6.66, La0.67Ca0.33MnO3, PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3, and Fe3O4. Key to our success is the growth of vertically aligned single-crystalline MgO nanowires, which worked as excellent templates for epitaxial deposition of the desired transition metal oxides and led to high-quality core−shell nanowires. Transport studies on La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 nanowires have revealed the remarkable persistence of metal−insulator transition and magnetoresistance down to nanometer scale. Our technique will enable various in-depth studies such as phase transition in nanoscale oxides and may pave the way for novel applications of these fascinating materials.
Preparation of Calcium Carbonate Superfine Powder by Calcium Carbide Residue (2012)

Calcium carbonate superfine powder with high purity was prepared from calcium carbide residue by a liquid phase process using ammonium chloride as extraction agent and ammonium carbonate agent. The effects of some factors on the reaction were investigated. The calcium carbonate was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction device (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimum preparation conditions were determined as follows: the concentration of calcium ion 0.3 mol/L, The mass ratio of ammonium citrate and calcium ion 0.1, temperature of carbonization 10°C The product is calcium carbonate of single crystal structure with the diameter of 40-90 nm.
Quantitative Versus Qualitative Research: An Attempt to Clarify the Issue (1983)

This paper will describe points of disagreement between quantitative research and qualitative, or interpretive, research. After a brief historical overview, the discussion will focus on how each perspective responds to three major and closely related questions: (1) What is the relationship of the investigator to what is investigated? (2) What is the relationship between facts and values in the process of investigation? and (3) What is the goal of investigation? Educational researchers have recently devoted increasing amounts of time and energy to the issue of one method versus the other. Unfortunately, much of the discussion has tended to obfuscate
Using automated performance modeling to find scalability bugs in complex codes (2013)

Many parallel applications suffer from latent performance limitations that may prevent them from scaling to larger machine sizes. Often, such scalability bugs manifest themselves only when an attempt to scale the code is actually being made---a point where remediation can be difficult. However, creating analytical performance models that would allow such issues to be pinpointed earlier is so laborious that application developers attempt it at most for a few selected kernels, running the risk of missing harmful bottlenecks. In this paper, we show how both coverage and speed of this scalability analysis can be substantially improved. Generating an empirical performance model automatically for each part of a parallel program, we can easily identify those parts that will reduce performance at larger core counts. Using a climate simulation as an example, we demonstrate that scalability bugs are not confined to those routines usually chosen as kernels.