gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solution of sectorization problems for an air traffic control area. I. Basic principles and questions of airspace sectorization and its formalization as an optimization problem (2009)

Problems of airspace sectorization of air traffic areas are studied as airspace design problems. The sectorization problem consists in optimal (from the point of view of controller workload) space and time partitioning of the area of responsibility of a regional center of air traffic management into controller sectors with account of existing route structure and dynamics of air traffic intensity and composition. In this paper, the following problems are discussed: the role of airspace design in terms of the next-generation air traffic management system, the analysis of applied approaches, methods, and algorithms for solution of the studied problem, the basic principles of sectorization, the formulation of the problem of sectorization and the outline of its solution.
SU‐E‐T‐11: LINAC Dose Profiling Using Cherenkov Emission Imaging (2012)

This work demonstrates dose profiling using the induced Cherenkov radiation signal for the first time. These preliminary results serve as a proof of concept of imaging at one azimuthal angle. Analogous to SPECT, the technique could easily be translated to multiple angles yielding full dose reconstructions following filtered back projection. Further refinement of this technology could be the first step in a paradigm shift towards an alternative method for fast radiation field analysis. Advantages would include increased speed, as well as the ability to profile dynamic beam shapes within transparent solid anthropomorphic phantoms. This work has been financially supported by NIH grant R01CA109558.
Ship Classification Based on Superstructure Scattering Features in SAR Images (2016)

This letter presents a novel method for ship classification that uses synthetic-aperture-radar images to distinguish ships based on superstructure scattering features. The ratio of dimensions, which combines the 2-D and 3-D properties of scattering, is explored as an effective and credible means to describe the scattering features of ships. The proposed method consists of three main stages: 1) ship isolation from the sea; 2) parametric vector (F) estimation; and 3) categorization using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. To depict ship features more accurately and reduce feature redundancy, we propose employing peak extraction to divide a ship into bow, middle, and stern instead of into three equal parts. The classification method is tested with RadarSat-2 images, and ground-truth information is supplied by an automatic identification system. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve satisfactory ship-classification performance compared with existing methods, with an overall accuracy exceeding 80%.
Comparison of Bubble Size Distributions Inferred from Acoustic, Optical Visualisation, and Laser Diffraction (2019)

Bubble measurement has been widely discussed in the literature and comparison studies have been widely performed to validate the results obtained for various forms of bubble size inferences. This paper explores three methods used to obtain a bubble size distribution—optical detection, laser diffraction and acoustic inferences—for a bubble cloud. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages due to their intrinsic inference methodology or design flaws due to lack of specificity in measurement. It is clearly demonstrated that seeing bubbles and hearing them are substantially and quantitatively different. The main hypothesis being tested is that for a bubble cloud, acoustic methods are able to detect smaller bubbles compared to the other techniques, as acoustic measurements depend on an intrinsic bubble property, whereas photonics and optical methods are unable to “see” a smaller bubble that is behind a larger bubble. Acoustic methods provide a real-time size distribution for a bubble cloud, whereas for other techniques, appropriate adjustments or compromises must be made in order to arrive at robust data. Acoustic bubble spectrometry consistently records smaller bubbles that were not detected by the other techniques. The difference is largest for acoustic methods and optical methods, with size differences ranging from 5–79% in average bubble size. Differences in size between laser diffraction and optical methods ranged from 5–68%. The differences between laser diffraction and acoustic methods are less, and range between 0% (i.e., in agreement) up to 49%. There is a wider difference observed between the optical method, laser diffraction and acoustic methods whilst good agreement between laser diffraction and acoustic methods. The significant disagreement between laser diffraction and acoustic method (35% and 49%) demonstrates the hypothesis, as there is a higher proportion of smaller bubbles in these measurements (i.e., the smaller bubbles ‘hide’ during measurement via laser diffraction). This study, which shows that acoustic bubble spectrometry is able to detect smaller bubbles than laser diffraction and optical techniques. This is supported by heat and mass transfer studies that show enhanced performance due to increased interfacial area of microbubbles, compared to fine bubbles.
Guide RNAs with embedded barcodes boost CRISPR-pooled screens (2019)

We report a new method using re-designed guide RNAs with internal barcodes (iBARs) embedded in their loop regions. Our iBAR approach outperforms the conventional method by producing screening results with much lower false-positive and false-negative rates especially with a high multiplicity of infection (MOI). Importantly, the iBAR approach reduces the starting cells at high MOI significantly with greatly improved efficiency and accuracy compared with the canonical CRISPR screens at a low MOI. This new system is particularly useful when the source of cells is limited or when it is difficult to control viral infection for in vivo screening.
Optimized Memory-Based Messaging: Leveraging the Memory System for High-Performance Communication. (1994)

Memory-based messaging, passing messages between programs using shared memory, is a recognized technique for efficient communication that takes advantage of memory system performance. However, the conventional operating system support for this approach is inefficient, especially for large-scale multiprocessor interconnects, and is too complex to effectively support in hardware. This paper describes hardware and software optimizations for memory-based messaging that efficiently exploit the mechanisms of the memory system to provide superior communication performance. We describe the overall model of optimized memory-based messaging, its implementation in an operating system kernel and hardware support for this approach in a scalable multiprocessor architecture. The optimizations include address-valued signals, message-oriented memory consistency and automatic signaling on write. Performance evaluations show these extensions provide a three-to-five-fold improvement in communication perfo...
Heterogeneous Wi-Fi and VLC (RF-optical) wireless access architecture (2015)

Visible light communication (VLC) is rapidly emerging as a compelling technology for supplementing traditional radio frequency communication, enabling energy-efficient data transmission and offering high downlink speeds. On the other side, traditional Wi-Fi radio access can be used as an uplink solution. In this paper, one such heterogeneous based solution for wireless access is presented. In the proposed model, the users estimate their location from position information broadcasted by VLC lamps, and Wi-Fi access point (AP) is used to effectively manage and allocate resources of VLC enabled lamps, based on this info. As part of the model, two scenarios of association of user's to the AP are proposed.
Lateral Dislocation of the Patella Following Marmor and Guepar Arthroplasty of the Knee (1978)

The follow-up of 50 knees treated with the modular Marmor prosthesis and 50 with the Guepar hinge joint included tangential radiography of the femoro-patellar joint. After Marmor arthroplasty lateral patellar dislocation was found in seven knees, in six causing pain. After Guepar arthroplasty lateral patellar dislocation was found in 32 knees, but pain was present in only three. There was only a questionable correlation between pre-existing valgus deformity and postoperative lateral patellar dislocation, and an external rotation deformity of the lower leg was found in only five cases after Guepar arthroplasty. Thus, neither phenomenon could explain the high incidence of lateral patellar dislocation in the Guepar series. These dislocations must be assumed to be due to the unphysiological strain on the extensor apparatus inherent in this type of prosthesis.
Learning from SHŌGUN: Japanese History and Western Fantasy (1980)

This multi-authored work, edited and co-written by myself, was an effort to take seriously the best-selling novel of James Clavell, "SHŌGUN: A Novel of Japan" as a way of understanding changing Western images of Japan in the context of "real" Japanese history. The book appeared in September 1980, just before the television mini-series based on James Clavell's novel. It was the result of a workshop that I organized in the spring of that year at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where I was then teaching, and was edited and produced in Santa Barbara over the summer. The design was by Marc Treib of the College of Environmental Design at Berkeley, then already well known for his graphic design and books on architecture. "Learning from SHŌGUN" was distributed by the Japan Society of New York, and two printings quickly sold out. The authors are pleased to make it available here in PDF format for interested readers and teachers. We also want to emphasize that "Learning from SHŌGUN" is about Clavell's novel, not about either the TV miniseries or the feature film versions. A postscript to the book does offer my own first impressions of the miniseries, however, of which I was able to see a preview before it appeared on national television.
Design of a reliable planar edge termination for SiC power devices (2002)

A reliable planar junction edge termination for SiC power devices, using a combination between a junction termination extension (JTE) with a field plate, containing a dielectric (AlN) with a higher dielectric constant than of silicon dioxide, is obtained by way of numerical simulation using ISE-TCAD software. The performance achieved by this combination includes a higher breakdown voltage and an electric field in the insulator below its critical electric field, thus avoiding premature breakdown. In addition, this termination has the advantage that it is not particularly sensitive to the interface charge.
Main Line Health Offers Unique Educational Model for Outreach to Community Youth: The Annenberg High School Science Symposium (2011)

Major changes in healthcare affect everything from economics to ethics, and therefore it is more important than ever to expose the next generation to science and medicine.The Annenberg High School Science Symposium is Main Line Health's (MLH) effort to offer high school students an early opportunity to learn about these issues.Started in 2004, when the Annenberg Center for Medical Education at Lankenau Medical Center defined "outreach to the community" as part of its mission, the Annenberg High School Science Symposium was established to inspire the interest of high school students in science, medicine, and healthcare.In the past seven years, the number of participating schools has grown from four to 15.*The students, representing public and private schools from Philadelphia and the western suburbs, participate in four spring symposia at each of the MLH System's acute care hospitals: Bryn Mawr, Paoli, and Riddle Hospitals and Lankenau Medical Center.Each year, in late fall, the high school science groups convene to choose their topic of interest.This year's 15 research or discovery topics include bipolar disorder, stem cell research, biotechnological applications in the treatment of diabetes, women in crisis in Sudan and Haiti, endostatins, Alzheimer's disease, robotic surgery, and gastric bypass.
Efficient Conversion of Inulin to Inulooligosaccharides through Endoinulinase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (2016)

Inulooligosaccharides (IOS) represent an important class of oligosaccharides at industrial scale. An efficient conversion of inulin to IOS through endoinulinase from Aspergillus niger is presented. A 1482 bp codon optimized gene fragment encoding endoinulinase from A. niger DSM 2466 was cloned into pPIC9K vector and was transformed into Pichia pastoris KM71. Maximum activity of the recombinant endoinulinase, 858 U/mL, was obtained at 120 h of the high cell density fermentation process. The optimal conditions for inulin hydrolysis using the recombinant endoinulinase were investigated. IOS were harvested with a high concentration of 365.1 g/L and high yield up to 91.3%. IOS with different degrees of polymerization (DP, mainly DP 3-6) were distributed in the final reaction products.
Nanoscale heat transfer and nanostructured thermoelectrics (2006)

Heat transfer at nanoscales differs significantly from that in macroscales because of size effects on the phonon and electron transport. Nanoscale heat transfer effects have significant implications for the microelectronic and microphotonic industries, from the thermal management, the device design and reliability, and the active cooling considerations. Past studies have shown that heat conduction in nanostructures can be significantly impeded below that of the predictions of the Fourier theory. Such size effects imply higher device temperatures than anticipated and demands more stringent thermal management measures. On the other hand, same size effects can be exploited for developing highly efficient thermoelectric (TE) materials for direct cooling. This paper starts with a discussion on some nanoscale heat transfer effects and their impacts on the device performance, particularly using thermal conductivity reduction in superlattices as an example, followed by a review of recent developments in nanostructured TE materials
Cross-Linked C-Terminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen in Serum before and after Treatment with Alfacalcidol and Calcium Carbonate in Early and Moderate Chronic Renal Failure (2002)

The diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy (RO) in chronic renal failure (CRF) in everyday practice depends on noninvasive methods. Still there is no widely accepted bone resorption marker in RO. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation of serum cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (s-CTx) as the resorption marker with clinical and biochemical data and to evaluate s-CTx level changes after treatment with low dose of alfacalcidol and calcium carbonate. Sixty patients (36 men and 24 women) with creatinine serum level 3.0 +/- 1.5 mg% were examined. The result of s-CTx was normal in 27 patients and increased in 33. There was a significant positive correlation of s-CTx and serum creatinine (p < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase activity (p < 0.05) and duration of CRF (p < 0.05) in men and serum creatinine (p < 0.001) and phosphorus (p < 0.05) in postmenopausal women. Patients with increased s-CTx had significantly higher serum creatinine (p < 0.001), phosphorus (p < 0.01), alkaline phosphatase activity (p < 0.001) and longer duration of CRF (p < 0.001) than patients with normal s-CTx. Next, 25 patients were treated for 6 months with alfacalcidol in dose of 0.25 microg every other day and calcium carbonate in dose of 3.0 microg per day and 25 patients with calcium carbonate only. There was a statistically significant decrease of s-CTx in both groups of patients (p < 0.01). We conclude, that in patients with CRF, s-CTx can be taken as the marker of bone resorption changes after treatment of RO but the value of s-CTx as a diagnostic marker in these patients ought to be evaluated in comparison with histomorphometry.
Real-time Coherent Imaging of Ultrafast Ablation (2009)

By integrating coherent imaging (optical coherence tomography) into an ultrafast machining platform, we directly monitor surface and subsurface changes in sample morphology due to the laser ablation and subsequent relaxation between laser pulses.
Protein Kinase C–Dependent Increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production in Vascular Tissues of Diabetes (2003)

Hyperglycemia seems to be an important causative factor in the development of micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the adverse effects of hyperglycemia on vascular cells. Both protein kinase C (PKC) activation and oxidative stress theories have increasingly received attention in recent years. This article shows a PKC-dependent increase in oxidative stress in diabetic vascular tissues. High glucose level stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via a PKC-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in cultured aortic endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and renal mesangial cells. In addition, expression of NAD(P)H oxidase components were shown to be upregulated in vascular tissues and kidney from animal models of diabetes. Furthermore, several agents that were expected to block the mechanism of a PKC-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase clearly inhibited the increased oxidative stress in diabetic animals, as assessed by in vivo electron spin resonance method. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that the PKC-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase may be an essential mechanism responsible for increased oxidative stress in diabetes.
<i>N</i> 1,<i>N</i>12-Diacetylspermine as a Sensitive and Specific Novel Marker for Early- and Late-Stage Colorectal and Breast Cancers (2005)

The observations indicate that urinary DiAcSpm is a more sensitive marker than CEA, CA19-9, and CA15-3 and that it can efficiently detect colorectal and breast cancers at early stages.
Evidence for Genetic Hitchhiking Effect Associated With Insecticide Resistance in Aedes aegypti (1998)

Information on genetic variation within and between populations is critical for understanding the evolutionary history of mosquito populations and disease epidemiology. Previous studies with Drosophila suggest that genetic variation of selectively neutral loci in a large fraction of genome may be constrained by fixation of advantageous mutations associated with hitchhiking effect. This study examined restriction fragment length polymorphisms of four natural Aedes aegypti mosquito populations from Trinidad and Tobago, at 16 loci. These populations have been subjected to organophosphate (OP) insecticide treatments for more than two decades, while dichlor-diphenyltrichlor (DDT) was the insecticide of choice prior to this period. We predicted that genes closely linked to the OP target loci would exhibit reduced genetic variation as a result of the hitchhiking effect associated with intensive OP insecticide selection. We also predicted that genetic variability of the genes conferring resistance to DDT and loci near the target site would be similar to other unlinked loci. As predicted, reduced genetic variation was found for loci in the general chromosomal region of a putative OP target site, and these loci generally exhibited larger F(ST) values than other random loci. In contrast, the gene conferring resistance to DDT and its linked loci show polymorphisms and genetic differentiation similar to other random loci. The reduced genetic variability and apparent gene deletion in some regions of chromosome 1 likely reflect the hitchhiking effect associated with OP insecticide selection.
ChemInform Abstract: METALLNITRIDE BEI ORGANISCHEN RK. 2. MITT. RK. VON LITHIUMNITRID MIT AROMATISCHEN ALDEHYDEN (1972)

Abstract Aromatische Aldehyde (I) reagieren mit Lithiumnitrid (II) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen zu den Reaktionsprodukten (III)‐(X).
Novel 980-nm and 490-nm light sources using vertical cavity lasers with extended coupled cavities (2003)

We have developed novel electrically pumped, surface-emitting lasers emitting at 980 nm with an extended coupled cavity. The concept is scalable from monolithic low power devices all the way to high power extended cavity lasers. The latter have demonstrated 1W cw multi-mode and 0.5 W cw in a TEM<sub>00</sub> mode and a single frequency, with 90% coupling efficiency into a single-mode fiber. By inserting a nonlinear optical medium in the external cavity, efficient and compact frequency doubling has been achieved with CW output powers 5-40 mW demonstrated at 490 nm. The latter devices are especially noteworthy due to their very low noise, sub 10 μrad beam pointing stability combined with small size, low power consumption and high efficiency.
‘Shaping Platform’ A Strategic Benchmark for Engineering Industries (2010)

The era of globalization is marked with features like technological and scientific developments, intense competition, consumer awareness, changing life cycle of a product, emergence of MNCs, cut throat compete-tion, increased stress levels, changing organization structures etc, making it difficult sustenance for the organizations. Organizations need to adopt competing technology for corporate effectiveness and success. This paper highlights on application of strategic benchmark of –‘shaping platform’ i.e. a set of clearly defined standards and practices which help to organize and support the activities of organization.
Microbiological Metabolism of Naphthyridines (1969)

Penicillium adametzi and seven other species convert nalidixic acid, 1,4-dihydro-1-ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid, to 1,4-dihydro-1-ethyl-7-hydroxymethyl-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid. Forty-seven other species from six orders of fungi seem to achieve the same conversion as judged by chromatographic and spectral evidence. Under special conditions, P. adametzi also produces a second metabolite which was identified as the corresponding 7-carboxylic acid. The metabolic attack on the ring substituent is identical with the pathway previously established with humans. No evidence was obtained for metabolic attack on the naphthyridine nucleus itself.