gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing synchronous systems for multi-dimensional applications (1995)

Time-critical sections of multi-dimensional problems, such as image processing applications, are in general iterative or recursive. In this paper these sections are modeled us cyclic multi-dimensional data flow graphs (MDFGs), which are also used to represent the digital circuit designed to compute such problems. Each node in the MDFG is associated with a set of functional elements in the circuit. Memory elements and circuit paths are associated with graph edges representing data dependencies. This new optimization technique consists of a multi-dimensional re-timing being applied to the MDFG to reduce its cycle time while considering memory requirements. This technique guarantees that all functional elements of a circuit, designed to be applied to problems involving more than one dimension, can be executed simultaneously. The algorithm runs in O. >
Parallel Mesh Generation, Migration and Partitioning for the Elmer Application (2012)

The main goal of this project is to develop a parallel tetrahedral mesh generator based on existing sequential mesh generation software. As sequential mesh generation software, the Netgen mesh generator was used due to its availability as LGPL open source software and its wide user base. Parallel mesh generation routines were developed using the MPI libraries and the C++ language. The parallel mesh generation algorithms developed proceed by decomposing the whole geometry into a number of sub-geometries sequentially on a master node at the beginning and then mesh each sub-geometry in parallel on multiple processors. Three methods were implemented. The first decomposes the CAD geometry and produces conforming surface sub-meshes that are sent to other processors for volume mesh generation. The second and third methods are refinement based methods that also make use of the CAD geometry information. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. Parallel repartitioning also need to be done in the first method. To facilitate distributed element movements in parallel, a migration algorithm that utilizes "owner updates" rule is developed. Timing results obtained on the Curie supercomputer are presented. In particular, results show that by using a refinement based method, one can generate over a billion element meshes in under a minute.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Degradable Aliphatic Polyester that Contains Monomeric Lactate Sequences (2006)

Abstract Summary: A novel degradable aliphatic polyester that contains monomeric lactate sequences is synthesized via melt‐polycondensation of ethylene glycol lactate diol (EGLD) with succinic anhydride without the use of catalyst. The structure of the EGLD precursor and the polyester are verified with FT‐IR and 1 H NMR spectra. Gel permeation chromatography reveals that the weight‐average molecular weight of the polyester is 5.5 × 10 4 with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.7. Differential scanning calorimetry profiles reveal that the polyester is a semicrystalline polymer with a glass transition temperature of −12 °C and melting temperature of 101 °C. The weight loss percentage of the polyester after immersing for 208 d in active sludge is 2.7%, which suggests degradation has occurred. The synthesis route of the polyester synthesized here (see inset for structure). magnified image The synthesis route of the polyester synthesized here (see inset for structure).
Tolerance and effectiveness of anti–tumor necrosis factor α therapies in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A population‐based cohort study (2007)

Age in itself should not interfere with the decision to treat elderly patients with RA with anti-TNF agents. In a subset of patients ages >75 years, no functional improvement according to HAQ should be expected despite improvements in disease activity.
Reconsidering The Israeli Courts' Application Of Customary International Law In The Human Rights Context (1998)

Discussions regarding the problem of identifying customary international law have essentially focused on two principal issues.
On a communication software generation method from communication service specifications described by a declarative language (2002)

The paper proposes a declarative communication service specification language that is easy to write for one who is not an expert in communication networks and a method of automatically generating communication software from communication service specifications written in the language. It is assumed that a communication system consists of homogeneous processes. With this language, we can specify a communication service without defining messages between processes. All states of a process and messages that are necessary to achieve a communication service will be generated by this method. The efficiency of the communication software generated by the method almost never degrades even if the size of a communication service specification has been increased.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient Homologous Recombination of Ty1 Element cDNA When Integration Is Blocked (1994)

Integration of the yeast retrotransposon Ty1 into the genome requires the self-encoded integrase (IN) protein and specific terminal nucleotides present on full-length Ty1 cDNA. Ty1 mutants with defects in IN, the conserved termini of Ty1 cDNA, or priming plus-strand DNA synthesis, however, were still able to efficiently insert into the genome when the elements were expressed from the GAL1 promoter present on a multicopy plasmid. As with normal transposition, formation of the exceptional insertions required an RNA intermediate, Ty1 reverse transcriptase, and Ty1 protease. In contrast to Ty1 transposition, at least 70% of the chromosomal insertions consisted of complex multimeric Ty1 elements. Ty1 cDNA was transferred to the inducing plasmid as well as to the genome, and transfer required the recombination and repair gene RAD52. Furthermore, multimeric insertions occurred without altering the levels of total Ty1 RNA, virus-like particle-associated RNA or cDNA, Ty1 capsid proteins, or IN. These results suggest that Ty1 cDNA is utilized much more efficiently for homologous recombination when IN-mediated integration is blocked.
High Resolution Electron Microscopy of Semiconductor Defects (1981)

Any attempt to study the relationship between the electronic and atomic struc ture of isolated defects in semiconductors by high resolution electron microscopy must deal with the following difficulties: (i) The limited point reso lution of modern TEM instruments, which has fallen by about 1Å from 3.8Å to 2.8Å (with tilt) over the last decade. This is still not sufficient to resolve the individual atomic columns in any semiconductor. (ii) The fundamental difficulties in obtaining both high spatial resolution structural information and high energy resolution spectroscopic data from the same, isolated, defect. (iii) The considerable difficulties in extracting chemical, or atomic number information from electron scattering and imaging experiments with high spatial resolution. Among other problems, the separation of composition variation effects from those of thickness is an important problem. Some of our recent approaches to these problems are outlined below.
Dijkstra, Floyd and Warshall meet Kleene (2012)

Abstract Around 1960, Dijkstra, Floyd and Warshall published papers on algorithms for solving single-source and all-sources shortest path problems, respectively. These algorithms, nowadays named after their inventors, are well known and well established. This paper sheds an algebraic light on these algorithms. We combine the shortest path problems with Kleene algebra, also known as Conway’s regular algebra. This view yields a purely algebraic version of Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm and the one by Floyd/Warshall. Moreover, the algebraic abstraction yields applications of these algorithms to structures different from graphs and pinpoints the mathematical requirements on the underlying cost algebra that ensure their correctness.
Sustained-Release, Extended-Release, and Other Time-Release Formulations in Neuropsychiatry (2015)

Pills and capsules may release their contents within minutes of ingestion; these are immediate-release formulations. Pills and capsules may also release their contents after a time lag, or a little at a time, or in some other predetermined way; these are time-release formulations. Many drugs in psychiatry have been time-release formulated to reduce their local adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract, to reduce adverse effects associated with peak blood levels, or to artificially extend their half-life. Time-release formulations are associated with the added advantages of convenience of dosing, improved compliance, and less fluctuation in blood levels across the course of the day. A disadvantage of time-release formulations is that they may be incompletely absorbed; this is a serious issue in patients with acute or chronic intestinal hurry disorders, such as gastroenteritis or irritable bowel syndrome. Time-release formulations may also be more expensive than immediate-release formulations.
Electronic spectra and photophysics of platinum(II) complexes with .alpha.-diimine ligands. Solid-state effects. 1. Monomers and ligand .pi. dimers (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic spectra and photophysics of platinum(II) complexes with .alpha.-diimine ligands. Solid-state effects. 1. Monomers and ligand .pi. dimersVincent M. Miskowski and Virginia H. HouldingCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 8, 1529–1533Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00307a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00307a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1699Altmetric-Citations316LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of compounds containing the isoprene unit: condensation of 3-methylbut-3-enoic and 3-methylbut-2-enoic acids with carbonyl compounds (1973)

The reaction between benzaldehyde and the lithium tributyltin, lithium di-isobutylaluminium. Dilithium, sodium lithium, potassium lithium, and dipotassium salts obtained bymetalation of 3-methylbut-2- and -3-enoates gives two pairs of isomeric hydroxy-acids, identified as their methyl esters, and a lactone. Two of the acids (IVa and b) and the lactone (VI) are derived by attack at C-4 of the salt; the other two (Va and b) originate from attack at C-2. The ratio of C-4 to C-2 attack depends strongly on the nature of the two metals; the proportion of C-4 attack increases as the ionic character of the organometallic bonds involved in the salts is increased. Only one acid (IVa) was isolated from the dipotassium salt of the 2-enoate; in contrast only the acids (Va and b) were obtained from the lithium tributyltin salt. In all cases studied the reaction shows a remarkable cis stereoselectivity in the configuration of the double bond of the hydroxy-acids (IV). Dehydration of the acid (IVa) with base constitutes a new and convenient method of preparing cis-2,trans-4-dienoates containing an isoprene unit in high yield.
On the Power of Cooperation: Can a Little Help a Lot? (Extended Version) (2014)

In this paper, we propose a new cooperation model for discrete memoryless multiple access channels. Unlike in prior cooperation models (e.g., conferencing encoders), where the transmitters cooperate directly, in this model the transmitters cooperate through a larger network. We show that under this indirect cooperation model, there exist channels for which the increase in sum-capacity resulting from cooperation is significantly larger than the rate shared by the transmitters to establish the cooperation. This result contrasts both with results on the benefit of cooperation under prior models and results in the network coding literature, where attempts to find examples in which similar small network modifications yield large capacity benefits have to date been unsuccessful.
Sonogashira Coupling of Aryl Halides Catalyzed by Palladium on Charcoal (2003)

With the proper choice of solvent, palladium on charcoal acts as an efficient catalyst in the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of aryl bromides. The catalytically active species in the process is probably palladium, which leaches into the solution but returns onto the surface of the charcoal at the end of the reaction.
Cyclometalated Compounds of Platinum(II) with two different C, N‐aromatic ligands (1989)

Abstract A synthetic route leading to bis‐heteroleptic cyclometalated complexes magnified image is described. The complexes [2‐(2′‐thienyl)pyridinato‐ N , C ‐ 3′ ]{2‐[3′‐(trimethylsilyl)2′‐thienyl]pyridinato‐ N, C 3′ }platinum(II) ([Pt(thpy) (TMS‐thpy)]; I ) and (l‐phenylpyrazolato‐ N 2 , C 2′ )[2‐(2′‐thienyl)pyridinato‐ N , C 3′ ]platinum ([Pt(Phpz)(thpy)]; II ) are characterized by UV/VIS, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Thermal and photochemical oxidative addition reactions yield two out of the 10 possible pairs of enantiomers of octahedral Pt(IV) compounds.
Linear basal cell carcinoma. (1993)

Linear basal cell carcinoma is a rare morphologic variant of basal cell carcinoma. We present two cases of linear basal cell carcinoma. Both cases, treated by Mohs' micrographic surgery, demonstrated that there was lateral spread of the tumor that was not clinically present.
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein mRNA is translated into multiple proteins with different transcription activation potentials. (1993)

The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) alpha is a leucine zipper protein that is preferentially expressed in certain cell types, such as adipocytes and hepatocytes. Here we show that C/EBP alpha mRNA is translated into two major proteins, C/EBP-42 and C/EBP-30, that differ in their content of N-terminal amino acid sequences. These results are best explained by a ribosome-scanning mechanism in which a fraction of ribosomes ignore the first two AUGs and initiate translation at an AUG located 351 nt downstream of the first one. Because C/EBP-30, the translation product initiated at the third AUG, is devoid of the potent transcription-activation domain contained in C/EBP-42, the former protein stimulates transcription from the mouse albumin promoter much less efficiently than the latter. The gene encoding the liver-enriched transcriptional-activator protein LAP (C/EBP-beta) has also been shown to issue two proteins, LAP and the liver-enriched transcriptional-inhibitory protein LIP, with different transcription-activation potentials. The production of multiple proteins from a single mRNA is not only shared between different C/EBP family members but also appears to be conserved in vertebrate evolution.
ATPase Activity and Molecular Chaperone Function of the Stress70 Proteins (1996)

The codons for the amino acid residues making up the proposed ATP-binding sites of the maize (Zea mays L.) endoplasmic reticulum and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cytoplasmic Stress70 proteins were deleted from their respective cDNAs. The deletions had little effect on the predicted secondary structure characteristics of the encoded proteins. Both wild-type and mutant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The mutant recombinant proteins did not bind to immobilized ATP columns, had no detectable ATPase activity, and were unable to function in vitro as molecular chaperones. Additionally, the inability to bind ATP was associated with changes in the oligomerization state of the Stress70 proteins.
Use of total HER2 and HER2 homodimer levels to predict response to trastuzumab (2008)

1002 Background: Current methods used to select HER2 positive patients with metastatic breast cancer for treatment with trastuzumab are semi-quantitative and yield response rates of less than fifty percent. Using a novel assay to quantitate total HER2 and HER2 homodimer levels, we examined the relationship between these measurements and clinical outcomes in a cohort of trastuzumab-treated metastatic breast cancer patients, previously assessed as IHC 3+ or FISH+ for HER2 overexpression or amplification. Methods: The VeraTag assay was used to measure total HER2 expression (H2T) and HER2 homodimers (H2D) in 106 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumor specimens. Using test for trend, multivariate Cox proportional hazards, and Kaplan-Meier analyses, the results were correlated with objective response, time-to-progression (TTP), and overall survival following trastuzumab-containing treatment. Results: Higher levels of H2T (p= 0.008) or H2D (p= 0.001) correlated with higher probability of objective response to trastuzumab therapy in a quartile analysis. Using the median value of the H2T distribution as a cutoff, higher H2T correlated with longer TTP (median TTP 11.6 mo vs. 5.4 mo, p=0.055), as did higher H2D (median TTP 11.6 mo. vs. 5.8 mo., p=0.055). Using incremental scanning to identify an optimal cutoff, higher H2T correlated with longer TTP (median TTP 11.3 mo. vs. 4.2 mo., p=0.003), as did higher H2D (median TTP 11.1 mo. vs. 4.2 mo., p=0.016). Using the optimal cutoff, higher H2T showed a non-significant trend toward longer overall survival (median survival 37.4 mo. vs. 28.7 mo., p=0.2). Cox multivariate models identified H2T above vs. below the optimal cutoff as a statistically significant correlate of both TTP (HR=0.41, p=0.0002) and overall survival (HR=0.45, p=0.009). Also in multivariate analyses, H2D above vs. below the optimal cutoff was a statistically significant correlate of both TTP (HR=0.64, p= 0.03) and overall survival (HR=0.6, p =0.02). Conclusions: In metastatic breast cancer patients previously selected by IHC or FISH, higher total HER2 and HER2 homodimer levels as measured by the VeraTag assay predict those patients more likely to respond to trastuzumab-containing therapy. Grant support: Supported by a grant from Susan G. Komen for the Cure Foundation. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Monogram Biosciences Monogram Biosciences Monogram Bioscience Monogram Biosciences
Design and experiments of bio-mimicry sound source localization sensor with gimbal-supported circular diaphragm (2004)

We propose a novel structure for sound source localization by mimicking an auditory organ of a parasitoid fly. It is based on lateral gradients of sound pressure from a non-frontal source. The gimbal-supported circular diaphragm is very suitable for detecting the small gradients and miniaturizing into a micro sensor. We describe the design method and FEM analysis of the diaphragm structure. We show fabrication of two types of sensors, a scaled-up type and a surface-micromachined type, and the experimental results.
Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. (1997)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comprises a deficit in behavioral inhibition. A theoretical model is constructed that links inhibition to 4 executive neuropsychological functions that appear to depend on it for their effective execution: (a) working memory, (b) self-regulation of affect-motivation-arousal, (c) internalization of speech, and (d) reconstitution (behavioral analysis and synthesis). Extended to ADHD, the model predicts that ADHD should be associated with secondary impairments in these 4 executive abilities and the motor control they afford. The author reviews evidence for each of these domains of functioning and finds it to be strongest for deficits in behavioral inhibition, working memory, regulation of motivation, and motor control in those with ADHD. Although the model is promising as a potential theory of self-control and ADHD, far more research is required to evaluate its merits and the many predictions it makes about ADHD.
Comparison of riboflavin-derived flavinium salts applied to catalytic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>oxidations (2018)

A series of flavinium salts, 5-ethylisoalloxazinium, 5-ethylalloxazinium, and 1,10-ethylene-bridged alloxazinium triflates, were prepared from commercially available riboflavin. This study presents a comparison between their optical and redox properties, and their catalytic activity in H2O2 oxidations of sulfide, tertiary amine, and cyclobutanone. Reflecting the difference between the π-conjugated ring structures, the flavinium salts displayed very different redox properties, with reduction potentials in the order of: 5-ethylisoalloxazinium > 5-ethylalloxazinium > 1,10-ethylene-bridged alloxazinium. A comparison of their catalytic activity revealed that 5-ethylisoalloxazinium triflate specifically oxidises sulfide and cyclobutanone, and 5-ethylalloxazinium triflate smoothly oxidises tertiary amine. 1,10-Bridged alloxazinium triflate, which can be readily obtained from riboflavin in large quantities, showed moderate catalytic activity for the H2O2 oxidation of sulfide and cyclobutanone.
Commentary on Breast-Feeding and Infant Formulas, Including Proposed Standards for Formulas (1976)

This statement proposes recommendations toward increasing the practice of breast feeding. Specific recommendations made for standards of infant formulas as to calorie, protein, fat, vitamin, and mineral levels apply to both milk-based and milk-substitute infant formulas. Such formulas, when used in place of breast-feeding, must supply most or all of the nutrients infants require during the first weeks or months of life. The minimum levels of nutrients per 100 kcal recommended for formulas provide good growth and development in healthy, full-term infants; distinct hazards may be encountered at levels below these. However, no significant advantage is to be gained by providing levels in excess of these minima in normal infants. Recommendations for maximum levels are made only where quantities in excess lead to toxicity; generally, levels near the minima recommended are most desirable because they are the most likely to reflect the composition of human milk, and the least likely to result in any undesirable nutrient to nutrient interaction. The recommendations also can be used as reference standards for formulas for special dietary uses of "medical" formulas. The Committee recommends that "medical" formulas be classified by FDA into a special group under the paragraph dealing with infant formulas.