gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase Diagram of the Low-Density Two-Dimensional Homogeneous Electron Gas (2009)

We use quantum Monte Carlo methods to calculate the zero-temperature phase diagram of the two-dimensional homogeneous electron gas. We find a transition from a paramagnetic fluid to an antiferromagnetic triangular Wigner crystal at density parameter r(s)=31(1) a.u. and a transition to a ferromagnetic crystal at r(s)=38(5) a.u. The fully spin-polarized fluid is never stable. We search for, but do not find, the ferromagnetic "hybrid" phase proposed by H. Falakshahi and X. Waintal [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 046801 (2005)10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.046801].
Treatment of Brain Edema with a Nonpeptide Arginine Vasopressin V1 Receptor Antagonist OPC-21268 in Rats (1999)

Our results indicate that OPC-21268 predominantly exerts a protective effect in areas where the maximum amount of blood-brain barrier breakdown occurs, and it is effective in the treatment of cold-induced vasogenic brain edema.
Lossless 1 x 2 optical switch monolithically integrated on a passive active resonant coupler (PARC) platform (2000)

We demonstrate a lossless 1×2 optical switch utilizing resonant vertical coupling between an active and a passive waveguide. Optical power is coupled into the passive waveguide and split into two ports using a 3-dB Y-junction splitter. The mode is then coupled up to a 1-mm-long active waveguide where gain is provided. A 100-μm-long taper is utilized in each arm for coupling the mode from the passive to the active waveguide. Internal gain greater than 22 dB is obtained in each arm of the integrated splitter. High yield and good uniformity of devices are obtained over multiple processing runs.
High-speed modulation up to 10 Gbit/s with 1.55 µm wavelength InGaAlAs VCSELs (2002)

High-performance InGaAlAs/InP vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) at 1.55 µm are demonstrated with superior output characteristics and modulation bandwidths up to 10 Gbit/s.
Irrigation of the peritoneal cavity and local antibiotics in the treatment of peritonitis. (1983)

Peritonitis was induced in the Sprague-Dawley rats by the implantation of gelatin capsules containing 0.3 milliliter of human fecal suspension into the peritoneal cavity. The rats were then treated with systemic antibiotics or peritoneal irrigation with normal saline solution alone or cephalotin solution, 2,000 micrograms per liter, or both. The results show that peritoneal irrigation with normal saline solution or with cephalotin alone was ineffective, even though the cephalotin concentration used inhibited the growth of all bacterial species isolated during the free stage of peritonitis in vitro. Systemic antibiotics alone as well as in combination with peritoneal irrigation significantly improved the survival rate, p less than or equal to 0.05 and p less than or equal to 0.02, respectively. However, only systemic antibiotics in combination with peritoneal irrigation resulted in a significant cure rate compared with the control group and the group treated with systemic antibiotics alone, p less than or equal to 0.002. There was no increase in the cure or survival rates when antibiotics were added to the peritoneal irrigation fluid. In the second experiment, seven of ten rats treated with systemic antibiotics survived, but only two rats had no intraperitoneal abscesses at autopsy. Intraperitoneal application of antibiotics did not improve these results: six rats survived, and one rat was cured. We conclude that peritoneal irrigation alone is ineffective in the treatment of peritonitis. The addition of peritoneal irrigation to systemic antibiotic therapy, however, resulted in a significantly increased cure rate. The addition of antibiotics to the irrigant does not further improve the results, and local antibiotics are not more effective than systemic antibiotics. We believe that benefit of peritoneal irrigation is due to its mechanical effect.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Bismaleimides Containing Aliphatic-ether Chain for Microelectronics Application (2006)

Abstract This project aims to develop and characterize a series of bismaleimide (BMI) polymers based on maleic anhydride and aliphatic-ether diamines. The effects of varying the chain length of aliphatic-ether diamines on the resultant bismaleimide systems were evaluated so that their suitability for microelectronics applications could be evaluated. The synthetic reaction and properties of the bismaleimide materials were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermo- Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dielectric Thermal Analysis (DEA) and rheometry. Results showed that thermal, dielectric and rheological properties were all affected by the main chain length of BMI. The magnitude of the dielectric constant at 100 kHz increases with the increasing chain length. The curing peak temperature, curing heat and degradation temperature of BMI, all decrease with the increasing chain length.
Pattern formation in the vertebrate neural tube: a sonic hedgehog morphogen-regulated transcriptional network (2008)

Neuronal subtype specification in the vertebrate neural tube is one of the best-studied examples of embryonic pattern formation. Distinct neuronal subtypes are generated in a precise spatial order from progenitor cells according to their location along the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes. Underpinning this organization is a complex network of multiple extrinsic and intrinsic factors. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and general strategies at play in ventral regions of the forming spinal cord, where sonic hedgehog-based morphogen signaling is a key determinant. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of these events and highlight unresolved questions.
Emergence of diversity (2013)

In the story of life on Earth we have now reached the start of the great spreading out of the eukaryotes, from about 2 billion years ago. This is called the Orosirian Period (2.05 to 1.8 billion years ago). The climate of the Earth at this time is reasonably temperate (the Huronian ice age ended 2.1 billion years ago); the Sun’s luminosity is at about 85% of the present-day level and the day length is about 19 hours (see Table 13.1, located at the end of this chapter). By the end of this period, bacteria are abundant and there has been sufficient prokaryotic photosynthesis for oxygen to start accumulating in the atmosphere. Geologically this is a period of intensive mountain development, which means that there were extensive expanses of terrain above sea level as well as high mountain areas and all the potential habitats that such regions represent. The period was bracketed by two major impact events: the impact 2.02 billion years ago that produced the 300 km meteor crater at Vredefort, South Africa, and the impact of 1.85 billion years ago that formed the 250 km crater at Sudbury, Ontario, Canada (you can find details in the Earth Impact Database at this URL: www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/index.html).
Relational Knowledge Transfer for Zero-Shot Learning (2016)

General zero-shot learning (ZSL) approaches exploit transfer learning via semantic knowledge space. In this paper, we reveal a novel relational knowledge transfer (RKT) mechanism for ZSL, which is simple, generic and effective. RKT resolves the inherent semantic shift problem existing in ZSL through restoring the missing manifold structure of unseen categories via optimizing semantic mapping. It extracts the relational knowledge from data manifold structure in semantic knowledge space based on sparse coding theory. The extracted knowledge is then transferred backwards to generate virtual data for unseen categories in the feature space. On the one hand, the generalizing ability of the semantic mapping function can be enhanced with the added data. On the other hand, the mapping function for unseen categories can be learned directly from only these generated data, achieving inspiring performance. Incorporated with RKT, even simple baseline methods can achieve good results. Extensive experiments on three challenging datasets show prominent performance obtained by RKT, and we obtain 82.43% accuracy on the Animals with Attributes dataset.
An innovative magnetorheological damper for automotive suspension: from design to experimental characterization (2005)

The development of a powerful new magnetorheological fluid (MRF), together with recent progress in the understanding of the behavior of such fluids, has convinced researchers and engineers that MRF dampers are among the most promising devices for semi-active automotive suspension vibration control, because of their large force capacity and their inherent ability to provide a simple, fast and robust interface between electronic controls and mechanical components.
Retinoic Acid Increases in the Retina of the Chick with Form Deprivation Myopia (1998)

We previously reported that expression of retinoic acid receptor beta increases in the sclera of the 2-week-old chick with form deprivation myopia (FDM) and that all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) influences proliferation and differentiation of scleral cells. The purpose of this study was to quantify t-RA in the retina of the chick with FDM and to investigate the role of t-RA in FDM in the chick. FDM was induced in 2-day-old chicks by placement of a translucent plastic goggle over one eye, with the contralateral eye used as a control. After 5 days, the chicks were sacrificed. t-RA was extracted from neural retina and served for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. 3H-t-RA was used for normalization. Pieces of the retinae from 5 eyes served as one sample. As a result, t-RA was 09.60 +/- 0.86 ng/eye (0.387 +/- 0.056 ng/mg protein) in the myopic retina was significantly higher than that in the control (p < 0.05, n = 7). These results demonstrate that t-RA increases in the retina within 5 days after visual deprivation. This finding suggests that t-RA may play a role in the metabolic changes in FDM.
Study of regional deformation of the optic nerve head using scanning laser tomography (1998)

Scanning laser tomography is capable of detecting regional variation in the deformation of the ONH in response to acute changes in IOP. Our enucleated eye model and Inflection Point Analysis are promising tools for basic studies of ONH deformation in response to IOP. More extensive studies of both enucleated and in vivo eyes are required to determine the potential of Inflection Point Analysis for studying and tracking the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
A computational model predicts adjunctive pharmacotherapy for cardiac safety via selective inhibition of the late cardiac Na current (2016)

Our computer modeling approach based on experimental data, yields results that suggest that selective inhibition of I<sub>NaL</sub> modifies all TRIaD related parameters arising from acquired Long-QT Syndrome, and thereby reduced arrhythmia risk. This study reveals the potential for adjunctive pharmacotherapy via targeted block of I<sub>NaL</sub> to mitigate proarrhythmia risk for drugs with significant but unintended off-target hERG blocking effects.
Presence of thyrotropin receptor in hepatocytes: not a case of illegitimate transcription (2009)

The function of thyrotropin (TSH) in the thyroid gland is mediated by thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). In addition to the thyroid, TSHR expression has been described in some non-thyroidal tissues, although it is uncertain whether TSHR is present in hepatocytes. One study has reported hepatic expression of TSHR mRNA, but this was considered to be because of illegitimate transcription, and there has not been a study investigating its protein expression and function in hepatocytes. Here, we examined the expression of TSHR in human and rat liver tissues, as well as human normal hepatocyte cell line L-02. Our results demonstrated that hepatic TSHR mRNA could be detected and had the same sequence as that of thyroid-derived mRNA. TSHR protein was also expressed and mainly located in the hepatocyte cell membrane. Moreover, bovine TSH and immunoglobulin from sera of patients with Graves' disease stimulated cAMP production in these cells. Taken together, these data show that TSHR is present and functional in hepatocytes, and this expression is not a case of illegitimate transcription. Given the pivotal role of the liver in body metabolism and many human diseases, our findings provide important implications for a potentially novel physiopathological role of TSH via acting on the TSHR in hepatocytes besides its classical role in regulating the thyroid function.
Growth and Thermal Expansion Properties of CdSiP_2 Crystal (2015)

A multiple-wall ampoule with an inner PBN crucible for reduction of pressure layer by layer was designed. Subsequently,a good quality Cd Si P2( CSP) single crystal 15 mm in diameter and 65 mm in length was grown by the modified Bridgman( VB) method. The as-grown single crystal was characterized by HRX-ray diffraction( HRXRD),scanning electron microscopy( SEM),energy dispersive analyzer of X-ray( EDX),IR spectrophotometers and infrared microscope. The anisotropic thermal expansion coefficients αaand αcat different temperatures were also determined. The results show that the as-grown Cd Si P2 crystal is well-crystallized,the atomic percentages of elements Cd,Si and P are close to the ideal stoichiometry. The IR transmittance of a 2 mm thickness sample is up to 53% in the region from2 μm to 5 μm,and the homogeneity of IR transmittance reaches almost 90%. When the temperature gets to 620 K,the thermal expansion coefficient αaup to 4 × 10- 6K- 1,almost three times of αc. Detailed discussion reveals that the average thermal expansion coefficients of rCd-Pis 17 × 10- 6K- 1,much bigger than that of rSi-P,which should response for the obvious anisotropic thermal expansion of Cd Si P2 crystal according to the theory of electronic structure.
Paramyxovirus mRNA editing, the ‘rule of six’ and error catastrophe: a hypothesis (2005)

The order Mononegavirales includes three virus families that replicate in the cytoplasm: the Paramyxoviridae, composed of two subfamilies, the Paramyxovirinae and Pneumovirinae, the Rhabdoviridae and the Filoviridae. These viruses, also called non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses (NNV), contain five to ten tandemly linked genes, which are separated by conserved junctional sequences that act as mRNA start and poly(A)/stop sites. For the NNV, downstream mRNA synthesis depends on termination of the upstream mRNA, and all NNV RNA-dependent RNA polymerases reiteratively copy ("stutter" on) a short run of template uridylates during transcription to polyadenylate and terminate their mRNAs. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of a subset of the NNV, all members of the Paramyxovirinae, also stutter in a very controlled fashion to edit their phosphoprotein gene mRNA, and Ebola virus, a filovirus, carries out a related process on its glycoprotein mRNA. Remarkably, all viruses that edit their phosphoprotein mRNA are also governed by the "rule of six", i.e. their genomes must be of polyhexameric length (6n+0) to replicate efficiently. Why these two seemingly unrelated processes are so tightly linked in the Paramyxovirinae has been an enigma. This paper will review what is presently known about these two processes that are unique to viruses of this subfamily, and will discuss whether this enigmatic linkage could be due to the phenomenon of RNA virus error catastrophe.
Acute Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones on Susceptibility to Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Simulation Study (2010)

Acute effects of sex steroid hormones likely contribute to the observation that post-pubescent males have shorter QT intervals than females. However, the specific role for hormones in modulating cardiac electrophysiological parameters and arrhythmia vulnerability is unclear. Here we use a computational modeling approach to incorporate experimentally measured effects of physiological concentrations of testosterone, estrogen and progesterone on cardiac ion channel targets. We then study the hormone effects on ventricular cell and tissue dynamics comprised of Faber-Rudy computational models. The "female" model predicts changes in action potential duration (APD) at different stages of the menstrual cycle that are consistent with clinically observed QT interval fluctuations. The "male" model predicts shortening of APD and QT interval at physiological testosterone concentrations. The model suggests increased susceptibility to drug-induced arrhythmia when estradiol levels are high, while testosterone and progesterone are apparently protective. Simulations predict the effects of sex steroid hormones on clinically observed QT intervals and reveal mechanisms of estrogen-mediated susceptibility to prolongation of QT interval. The simulations also indicate that acute effects of estrogen are not alone sufficient to cause arrhythmia triggers and explain the increased risk of females to Torsades de Pointes. Our results suggest that acute effects of sex steroid hormones on cardiac ion channels are sufficient to account for some aspects of gender specific susceptibility to long-QT linked arrhythmias.
Conformational analysis using lanthanide shift reagents. Determination of alkyl group conformations in 2-alkyl-4-tert-butylcyclohexanones (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational analysis using lanthanide shift reagents. Determination of alkyl group conformations in 2-alkyl-4-tert-butylcyclohexanonesKenneth L. Servis and Donald J. BowlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 1, 80–88Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00834a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00834a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Limiting Conditions for Jet Formation in High Velocity Collisions (1953)

The high velocity collision of two solids is discussed as a problem in compressible fluid hydrodynamics. Such collisions may conveniently be divided into jetless and jet-forming categories. A theory is presented which describes flow in the collision region for the jetless case and determines a critical collision angle (as a function of material velocities and equation-of-state properties of the materials) above which a jet must arise from the collision. The experimental study of solid collisions utilizes metal plates driven by high explosives, the impact of the plates being recorded with a high speed smear camera. Two experimental arrangements are used, and data for collisions employing Dural, mild steel, brass and lead are presented. Jetless and jet-forming collisions are observed, and critical angles separating the two types are compared with theoretical predictions. Agreement seems sufficiently good to indicate that the theory is valid.
Discrete-time composite nonlinear feedback control with an application in design of a hard disk drive servo system (2003)

In a typical disk drive servo system, two or more types of controllers are used for track seeking, track following, and track settling modes. This leads to the problem of mode switching among these controllers. We present in this paper a unified control scheme, the discrete-time composite nonlinear feedback control, which can perform all the above functions in hard disk drive (HDD) servo systems with actuator saturation. The proposed scheme is composed by combining a linear feedback law and a nonlinear feedback law. The linear feedback law is designed to yield a fast response, while the nonlinear feedback law is used to increase the damping ratio of the closed-loop system as the system output approaches the command input. In the face of actuator saturation, this control law not only increases the speed of closed-loop response, but also improves the settling performance. Implementation results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional proximate time-optimal servomechanism by about 30% in settling time.
Effect of Alkyl Side‐Chain Length on Photovoltaic Properties of Poly(3‐alkylthiophene)/PCBM Bulk Heterojunctions (2009)

Abstract The morphological, bipolar charge‐carrier transport, and photovoltaic characteristics of poly(3‐alkylthiophene) (P3AT):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blends are studied as a function of alkyl side‐chain length m , where m equals the number of alkyl carbon atoms. The P3ATs studied are poly(3‐butylthiophene) (P3BT, m = 4), poly(3‐pentylthiophene) (P3PT, m = 5), and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT, m = 6). Solar cells with these blends deliver similar order of photo‐current yield (exceeding 10 mA cm −2 ) irrespective of side‐chain length. Power conversion efficiencies of 3.2, 4.3, and 4.6% are within reach using solar cells with active layers of P3BT:PCBM (1:0.8), P3PT:PCBM (1:1), and P3HT:PCBM (1:1), respectively. A difference in fill factor values is found to be the main source of efficiency difference. Morphological studies reveal an increase in the degree of phase separation with increasing alkyl chain length. Moreover, while P3PT:PCBM and P3HT:PCBM films have similar hole mobility, measured by hole‐only diodes, the hole mobility in P3BT:PCBM lowers by nearly a factor of four. Bipolar measurements made by field‐effect transistor showed a decrease in the hole mobility and an increase in the electron mobility with increasing alkyl chain length. Balanced charge transport is only achieved in the P3HT:PCBM blend. This, together with better processing properties, explains the superior properties of P3HT as a solar cell material. P3PT is proved to be a potentially competitive material. The optoelectronic and charge transport properties observed in the different P3AT:PCBM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends provide useful information for understanding the physics of BHJ films and the working principles of the corresponding solar cells.
Hypothesenherleitung (2012)

Hypothesen stellen ein zentrales Element empirischer wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten dar. In ihnen kulminiert die theoretische Grundlagenarbeit in konkrete Erwartungen über Zusammenhänge bezüglich der Untersuchungsvariablen. Die Hypothesen zur Koordination lateraler grenzüberschreitender Technologietransferprojekte in multinationalen Unternehmen werden im anschließenden empirischen Teil der Untersuchung statistisch überprüft.