gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Deepset Electric Solenoid Subsurface Safety Valve System (1985)

ABSTRACT This paper reviews the project to develop a wireline retrievable, surface controlled, subsurface safety valve system capable of being set at great depth. Following alternative system reviews, four valves were selected for further evaluation and possible development. Only one of them, the electric solenoid safety valve system, has been fully developed and field proven. In addition to the development of the electric solenoid safety valve and its respective nipple, the special cable that was developed for the system, the high pressure wellhead pack-off arrangement for cable passage through the wellhead and the electric safety valve control system are discussed. The field experience with this safety valve, in two gas well completions, the wider application in Shell's operations and possible future developments are described.
Novel Low-Temperature-Sintering Type Cu-Alloy Pastes for Silicon Solar Cells (2012)

This paper describes a novel Cu paste for low temperature sintering, which is required to fabricate electrodes on transparent conductive films in heterojunction solar cells. For this, glass-fritless Cu-alloy pastes containing a low melting point alloy (LMPA) were prepared. The pastes were evaluated in terms of printability, contact resistance, line resistance, adhesive property, diffusion of Cu in Si, and oxidation resistance. It was concluded that the pastes could be applicable to silicon solar cells requiring low temperature processes.
Supported sol-gel thin-film glasses embodying laser dyes. 1. A new fast method for the preparation of optically clear polysiloxane thin-film glasses (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupported sol-gel thin-film glasses embodying laser dyes. 1. A new fast method for the preparation of optically clear polysiloxane thin-film glassesY. Haruvy and S. E. WebberCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 3, 501–507Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00015a027https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00015a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Capillary Force Lithography: Fabrication of Functional Polymer Templates as Versatile Tools for Nanolithography (2006)

Abstract The implementation of high‐resolution polymer templates fabricated by capillary force lithography (CFL) is explored both in nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and in the wet‐etching of metals. Several different thermoplastic and UV‐curable polymers and types of substrates are incorporated into the general CFL procedure to meet the diverging requirements of these two applications. The mechanical stability of UV‐curable templates for imprinting in polymers, as examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and their anti‐adhesive properties are excellent for application in NIL. The conditions for curing the UV‐curable polymer are optimized in order to obtain high‐stability polymer templates. Gold patterns on silicon with a lateral resolution of 150 nm are fabricated by subsequent lift‐off in acetone. Similar patterns with a lateral resolution of 100 nm are fabricated using templates of thermoplastic polymers on gold layers on silicon as an etch mask. The transfer of stamp residues during CFL with these polymer templates is proven by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and AFM friction analysis. For poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), the presence of large amounts of silicon‐containing residues is found to compromise the processability of the resulting template in subsequent O 2 reactive‐ion etching (RIE) treatment. The extent of silicon contamination is up to six times less for polystyrene (PS). At this level, the etch performance of the PS etch mask is not affected, as was the case for PMMA. Accurate downscaling of the lateral dimensions of the resulting metal patterns by several factors with respect to the dimensions of the PS etch mask is achieved by over‐etching of the gold. Overall, the results in this paper demonstrate the potential of CFL templates as tools for high‐resolution soft lithography.
<p>Brain metastases from breast cancer may respond to endocrine therapy: report of two cases</p> (2019)

Brain metastases from breast cancer have a poor prognosis. There have been few cases reported where patients with breast cancer and brain metastases respond well to endocrine therapy (tamoxifen or letrozole). Here, we report the cases of two breast cancer patients with brain metastases who responded to medroxyprogesterone acetate and fulvestrant, respectively. These cases indicate that endocrine therapy could be very effective in the management of brain metastases from breast carcinoma.
A 210-mW Graphics LSI Implementing Full 3-D Pipeline With 264 Mtexels/s Texturing for Mobile Multimedia Applications (2004)

A 121-mm/sup 2/ graphics LSI is designed and implemented for portable two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) graphics and MPEG-4 applications. The LSI contains a RISC processor with a multiply-accumulate unit (MAC), a 3-D rendering engine, a programmable power optimizer, and 29-Mb embedded DRAM. The chip is built in a 0.16-/spl mu/m pure DRAM technology to reduce the fabrication cost. Texture-mapped 3-D graphics with perspective-correct address calculation and bilinear MIPMAP filtering can be realized while consuming the low power with the help of depth-first clock gating, address alignment logic, and embedded DRAM. Programmable clocking allows the LSI to operate in lower power modes for various applications. The chip consumes less than 210 mW, delivering 66 Mpixels/s and 264 Mtexel/s texture-mapped pixels with real-time special effects such as full-scene antialiasing and motion blur.
An energy-efficient quality adaptive framework for multi-modal sensor context recognition (2011)

In pervasive computing environments, understanding the context of an entity is essential for adapting the application behavior to changing situations. In our view, context is a high-level representation of a user or entity's state and can capture location, activities, social relationships, capabilities, etc. Inherently, however, these high-level context metrics are difficult to capture using uni-modal sensors only, and must therefore be inferred with the help of multi-modal sensors. However a key challenge in supporting context-aware pervasive computing environments, is how to determine in an energy-efficient manner multiple (potentially competing) high-level context metrics simultaneously using low-level sensor data streams about the environment and the entities present therein. In this paper, we first highlight the intricacies of determining multiple context metrics as compared to a single context, and then develop a novel framework and practical implementation for this problem. The proposed framework captures the tradeoff between the accuracy of estimating multiple context metrics and the overhead incurred in acquiring the necessary sensor data stream. In particular, we develop a multi-context search heuristic algorithm that computes the optimal set of sensors contributing to the multi-context determination as well as the associated parameters of the sensing tasks. Our goal is to satisfy the application requirements for a specified accuracy at a minimum cost. We compare the performance of our heuristic based framework with a brute-forced approach for multi-context determination. Experimental results with SunSPOT sensors demonstrate the potential impact of the proposed framework.
Massively parallel architectures for AI: netl, thistle, and boltzmann machines (1983)

Probiotic formulations must contain the right strain(s) in sufficient numbers when administered to confer the desired health benefit. However, significant cell death can occur during freeze-drying and over storage. This study assesses various saccharides for their ability to protect <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> cells over freeze-drying and storage, as well as their potential to act as prebiotics. The cryoprotective potential of 10% (m/v) of skimmed milk, inulin, maltodextrin, and sucrose were investigated during freeze-drying. Storage was assessed over 12 weeks at 4 °C and room temperature. Improved cell survival over freeze drying was observed with all the saccharides. However, only maltodextrin and sucrose retained cell viability over storage at 4 °C. Overall, skimmed milk demonstrated the highest survival up to 91%. Despite good cryoprotectant performance, inulin provided the least protection over storage, with <1% cell survival. Prebiotic potential was determined through growth experiments with 2% (m/v) of the saccharides in glucose-free MRS. All saccharides supported cell growth, with sucrose performing best and inulin worst.
Location Aware Hierarchical Cell-Based Anomaly Detection and Categorization in Crowded Scenes (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for anomaly detection and categorization in crowded scenes via location aware hierarchical cell-based (LAHCB) approach. Input video frames are split into spatio-temporal volumes (STVs). Low-level histogram of optical flow orientation and motion magnitude features are extracted from selective STVs (SSTVs) at three levels of hierarchy achieving a coarse-to-the-fine localization. We use one-class SVM (OCSVM) classifier to model normal events and detect anomaly. The proposed method consists of two parts: (1) Global Analysis for frame-level detection; (2) Local Analysis for pixel-level localization. For global analysis, we adopt computationally less expensive model that uses only coarser level. Further, we use this information to achieve localization. The computational efficiency lies in faster online testing since storage and time overhead is due to offline feature extraction and classification at different levels in the hierarchical structure during training phase. Unlike existing methods, the proposed approach omits pixel level feature computation and background modeling. The addition of location aware concept detects abnormal behaviour in an unexpected region. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method on the UCSD and UMN datasets. We achieve AUC of 86.16% and 86.3% on Ped1 and Ped2, comparable with state-of-the-art methods.
Extraction from Cheese Whey by Cation-Exchange Chromatography of Factors that Stimulate the Growth of Mammalian Cells (1995)

Bovine cheese whey was investigated as a source of growth-stimulating factors that might replace or supplement fetal bovine serum in cell culture. Although some cell growth activity was demonstrated in whey or whey ultrafiltrates, enrichment on the basis of molecular size was not useful because the most abundant whey proteins, beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin, have molecular masses that are similar to most known growth factors. Instead, cation-exchange chromatography was selected as an enrichment process because, in contrast to the major whey proteins, growth factors generally have basic isoelectric points. Adsorption to and elution from Sepharose Fast Flow-S resin yielded an extract containing only 1 to 2% of whey protein but substantial growth-promoting activities on Balb/c 3T3 cells, L6 myoblasts, and human skin fibroblasts. The growth activity could be separated from lactoferrin, one of the prominent basic proteins present, through a stepwise elution from the resin. The resultant fraction, which contained lactoperoxidase as the most abundant protein stimulated the growth of the three cell lines at protein concentrations that were 2- to 20-fold lower than observed with fetal bovine serum. Immunoglobulin G could be removed by affinity chromatography, or lactoperoxidase could be inactivated by heat, without significant losses to the growth-promoting capacity of the fraction. These results suggest that enrichment of growth factors by cation-exchange chromatography offers a practical method for the large-scale isolation of an extract from cheese whey that stimulates cell growth.
Temperature-Scaling Theory for Deep-Submicron Channel MOSFET Operated at Low Temperature (1990)

Current-voltage characteristics of MOSFET can be scaled down in proportion to operation temperature using the temperature-scaling theory that has been proposed by the authors. We have discussed performances of the temperature-scaled MOSFET. It was shown that both the delay time and the power-delay product could be improved for deep-submicron MOSFET in which the velocity saturation occured. By introducing an idea of apparent saturation velocity, the temperature-scaling theory was also valid for the case in which the velocity overshoot occured. The temperature-scaled MOSFET with 0.12μm channel length could be operated at 77K without drain breakdown. The gate delay time of the MOSFET with 0.12μm channel length at 77K was estimated to be 1.7ps. The optimum supply voltage at 77K was considered to be about 1.2V according to the temperaturescaling theory.
Measuring couplings in crowded NMR spectra: pure shift NMR with multiplet analysis (2015)

The PSYCHE method for pure shift NMR is exploited to generate 2D J spectra with full decoupling in one dimension and multiplet structure in the other, allowing spin-spin coupling constants to be measured even in very crowded spectra. Significant improvements over existing techniques are demonstrated for the hormones estradiol and androstenedione.
Tunable transport gap in narrow bilayer graphene nanoribbons (2013)

The lack of a bandgap makes bulk graphene unsuitable for room temperature transistors with a sufficient on/off current ratio. Lateral constriction of charge carriers in graphene nanostructures or vertical inversion symmetry breaking in bilayer graphene are two potential strategies to mitigate this challenge, but each alone is insufficient to consistently achieve a large enough on/off ratio (e.g. > 1000) for typical logic applications. Herein we report the combination of lateral carrier constriction and vertical inversion symmetry breaking in bilayer graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) to tune their transport gaps and improve the on/off ratio. Our studies demonstrate that the on/off current ratio of bilayer GNRs can be systematically increased upon applying a vertical electric field, to achieve a largest on/off current ratio over 3000 at room temperature.
<i>Salvia officinalis</i>Extract Can Protect Grapevine Against<i>Plasmopara viticola</i> (2010)

The ability of sage (Salvia officinalis) extract to control grapevine downy mildew under greenhouse and field conditions was tested. The persistence and rainfastness of sage extract were also investigated. Sage extract provided a high level of sustained disease control in artificially inoculated, potted grapevine under greenhouse conditions. However, even small amounts of simulated rainfall (10 mm) significantly reduced efficacy of sage extract. In a field experiment in 2006, sage extract provided 94% reduction in disease incidence and 63% reduction in area under the disease progress curve for disease severity on berries and leaves, respectively, reaching a level of disease control not significantly different from that provided by copper hydroxide. In 2007, the sage extract provided only a partial reduction (less than 30%) of downy mildew on leaves, probably as a result of a long rainy period between two of the consecutive treatments. Overall, sage extract effectively controlled grapevine downy mildew and could be a promising alternative to copper in organic viticulture. However, the low rainfastness of this treatment adversely affected its efficacy.
Investigation of friction characteristics of a tendon driven wearable robotic hand (2010)

Wearable robots can assist people with disabilities to perform their daily tasks. However, the size, weight and wearability are important factors in the design because it is worn by the person controlling it. Various disabilities can be assisted with wearable robot technology, from the lower to upper body. The hand is an important part of the body for the disabled to perform their daily tasks. However, compared to the arms or legs, the degree of freedom is much higher, which makes it difficult to fabricate a compact wearable robot. We propose a frameless structure and modified differential mechanism to make the wearable robot compact. For the evaluation and control, it is necessary to analyze the friction force because the mechanism we proposed delivers power through more tube than the previous tendon tube transmission. Different from the previous friction model, we consider the friction at the edge of tube ends. This paper contains the design concept of the developed wearable robotic hand and its friction characteristics.
Telnet terminal-type option (1989)

This RFC specifies a standard for the Internet community. Hosts on the
Internet that exchange terminal type information within the Telnet
protocol are expected to adopt and implement this standard. This
standard supersedes RFC 930. A change is made to permit cycling
through a list of possible terminal types and selecting the most
appropriate
Learning to rank (2009)

In this tutorial I will introduce 'learning to rank', a machine learning technology on constructing a model for ranking objects using training data. I will first explain the problem formulation of learning to rank, and relations between learning to rank and the other learning tasks. I will then describe learning to rank methods developed in recent years, including pointwise, pairwise, and listwise approaches. I will then give an introduction to the theoretical work on learning to rank and the applications of learning to rank. Finally, I will show some future directions of research on learning to rank. The goal of this tutorial is to give the audience a comprehensive survey to the technology and stimulate more research on the technology and application of the technology to natural language processing.
Fast encoding algorithm based on depth of coding-unit for high efficiency video coding (2012)

In high efficiency video coding (HEVC) scheme, the split structure of the largest coding-unit (LCU) is highly variable and laborious due to its recursive quad-tree representation. Thus, the computational complexity of the HEVC encoder increases dramatically. A fast HEVC encoding method is proposed to predict the split structure of the current LCU by using the same structure of the co-located LCU in the reference or temporally-previous frame, in order to reduce the encoding computational complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve a reduction in encoding time of 21.3% on average, with a negligible average PSNR loss and a negligible bit rate increase compared with the original HEVC encoding scheme.
Compositional type systems for stack-based low-level languages (2006)

It is widely believed that low-level languages with jumps must be difficult to reason about by being inherently non-modular. We have recently argued that this in untrue and proposed a novel method for developing compositional natural semantics and Hoare logics for low-level languages and demonstrated its viability on the example of a simple low-level language with expressions (Saabas &amp; Uustalu 2005). The central idea is to use the implicit structure of finite disjoint unions present in low-level code as an (ambiguous) phrase structure. Here we apply our method to a stack-based language and develop it further. We define a compositional natural semantics and Hoare logic for this language and go then on to show that, in addition to Hoare logics, one can also derive compositional type systems as weaker specification languages with the same method. We describe type systems for stackerror freedom and secure information flow.
Polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by 1,1-diphenylhexyl lithium (1965)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Mnk1 and 2 Are Dispensable for T Cell Development and Activation but Important for the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2012)

T cell development and activation are usually accompanied by expansion and production of numerous proteins that require active translation. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binds to the 5' cap structure of mRNA and is critical for cap-dependent translational initiation. It has been hypothesized that MAPK-interacting kinase 1 and 2 (Mnk1/2) promote cap-dependent translation by phosphorylating eIF4E at serine 209 (S209). Pharmacologic studies using inhibitors have suggested that Mnk1/2 have important roles in T cells. However, genetic evidence supporting such conclusions is lacking. Moreover, the signaling pathways that regulate Mnk1/2 in T cells remain unclear. We demonstrate that TCR engagement activates Mnk1/2 in primary T cells. Such activation is dependent on Ras-Erk1/2 signaling and is inhibited by diacylglycerol kinases α and ζ. Mnk1/2 double deficiency in mice abolishes TCR-induced eIF4E S209 phosphorylation, indicating their absolute requirement for eIF4E S209 phosphorylation. However, Mnk1/2 double deficiency does not affect the development of conventional αβ T cells, regulatory T cells, or NKT cells. Furthermore, T cell activation, in vivo primary and memory CD8 T cell responses to microbial infection, and NKT cell cytokine production were not obviously altered by Mnk1/2 deficiency. Although Mnk1/2 deficiency causes decreased IL-17 and IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells following immunization of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide in complete Freund's adjuvant, correlating with milder experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis scores, it does not affect Th cell differentiation in vitro. Together, these data suggest that Mnk1/2 has a minimal role in T cell development and activation but may regulate non-T cell lineages to control Th1 and Th17 differentiation in vivo.
State-of-the-Art Review: Hemostats, Sealants, and Adhesives II: Update As Well As How and When to Use the Components of the Surgical Toolbox (2010)

The goal of this submission is to describe how and when to best use hemostats, sealants, and adhesives as well as to compare their characteristics and to update the surgical toolbox with respect to any new products approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as of this date (November 2009). The materials will be presented in 3 major groups each containing specific categories: (1) hemostats; mechanical, active, flowable, and fibrin sealant, (2) sealants; fibrin sealant, polyethylene glycol polymer, and albumin and glutaraldehyde, (3) adhesives; cyanoacrylate, albumin and glutaraldehyde, and fibrin sealant. The categories will be used for comparisons based on safety, efficacy, usability, and cost. Recommendations with respect to how and when to best use these materials will be presented. A review of the recent literature is also provided with respect to the most recent uses of these materials in specific surgical specialties.