gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A SPF-PF crossing Component Carrier joint scheduling algorithm (2012)

When adopting Carrier Aggregation (CA) in the LTE-Advanced Systems, it needs Joint Scheduling crossing multiple Component Carrier. For Component Carrier (CC) located in different frequency band, this issue presented a new Component Carrier selection algorithm-Similar Proportional Fairness (SPF) algorithm which is based on traditional scheduling algorithm of Proportional Fairness (PF) in crossing CC joint scheduling. It could calculate the users' selection weight on each Component Carrier, then combine it with PF scheduling algorithm and calculate the ultimate scheduling weight on each resource block, and allocate the resource finally. The result of simulation shows that crossing CC joint scheduling could greatly improve the throughput of the system, and compare with pre-existing Component Carrier selection algorithm, the propositional method has well fairness.
Compound A, a Plant Origin Ligand of Glucocorticoid Receptors, Increases Regulatory T Cells and M2 Macrophages to Attenuate Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis with Reduced Side Effects (2009)

Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a helper T cell-mediated autoimmune demyelinating inflammatory disease of the peripheral nervous system and serves as the animal model for human inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies. Compound A, a plant-derived phenyl aziridine precursor, was reported to activate glucocorticoid receptors to exert transrepression but not transactivation properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of Compound A in EAN rats. Compound A greatly suppressed paraparesis in EAN, even when administrated after the appearance of the first neurological signs. Accumulation of macrophages and lymphocytes, demyelination, and mRNA levels of inflammatory molecules in sciatic nerves of EAN were greatly attenuated by Compound A. In addition, Compound A inhibited progression of neuropathic pain and repressed microglia but not astrocyte activation and IL-1beta and TNF-alpha up-regulation in EAN spinal cords. In EAN sciatic nerves, Compound A treatment increased numbers of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Furthermore, Compound A induced the switch of macrophages from inflammatory M1 type to anti-inflammatory M2 type in vitro. In lymph nodes of EAN rats, Compound A depressed Th1 and Th17 cytokines, but increased Th2 cytokine and Foxp3 expression. An increase of Foxp3(+)/CD4(+) regulatory T cells was seen in peripheral blood of EAN rats following Compound A treatment. In addition, Compound A did not cause a hyperglycemia effect in EAN rats as compared with the immunosuppressive steroid prednisolone. Therefore, our data demonstrated that Compound A could effectively suppress EAN with reduced side effects by attenuating inflammation, suggesting that Compound A could be a potent candidate for treatment of autoimmune neuropathies.
Multivariate Multilevel Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models for Timber Yield Predictions (2004)

Nonlinear mixed effects models have become important tools for growth and yield modeling in forestry. To date, applications have concentrated on modeling single growth variables such as tree height or bole volume. Here, we propose multivariate multilevel nonlinear mixed effects models for describing several plot-level timber quantity characteristics simultaneously. We describe how such models can be used to produce future predictions of timber volume (yield). The class of models and methods of estimation and prediction are developed and then illustrated on data from a University of Georgia study of the effects of various site preparation methods on the growth of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.).
Single-Crystal Electrooptic Thin-Film Waveguide Modulators for Infrared Laser Systems (1974)

Wideband, low power electrooptic modulators of optical waveguide structure have been developed for infrared laser applications. They allow a reduction in driver power of two orders of magnitude below that of conventional devices. The modulators are composed of very thin layers of single-crystal GaAs, bounded on both sides by evaporated films of lower refractive index material: CdTe or As(2)S(3). Minimum propagation loss, measured at 10.6 microm, was less than 1 dB/cm for TE modes and less than 5 dB/cm for TM modes. A 20-pF modulator exhibited a pulse response rise time of 3 nsec and showed useful frequency response to beyond 200 MHz. The basic capability for advanced design modulators of this type to operate at 10 microm with driver powers of less than 25 mW/MHz for 50% modulation depth is shown.
Battery quick testing-a technology that has come of age (2003)

The author describes how there is much activity in battery quick testing. The race is on towards commercializing a product that is accurate, easy-to-use and cost effective. With modern microelectronics, this goal is becoming a reality. The true winner of the battery quick test challenge may not be an individual or organization that gains the largest number of patents, but someone that can truly offer a product that is functional and has the right price.
Robust automatic time alignment of orthographic transcriptions with unconstrained speech (1992)

A method for automatic time alignment of orthographically transcribed speech using supervised speaker-independent automatic speech recognition based on the orthographic transcription, an online dictionary, and HMM phone models is presented. This method successfully aligns transcriptions with speech in unconstrained 5 to 10 min conversations collected over long-distance telephone lines. It requires minimal manual processing and generally produces correct alignments despite the challenging nature of the data. The robustness and efficiency of the method make it a practical tool for very large speech corpora.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental Diabetes Increases Insulinlike Growth Factor I and II Receptor Concentration and Gene Expression in Kidney (1990)

Insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) is a mitogenic hormone with important regulatory roles in growth and development. One of the target organs for IGF-I action is the kidney, which synthesizes abundant IGF-I receptors and IGF-I itself. To study the involvement of IGF-I and the IGF-I receptor in the development of nephropathy, one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus, we measured the expression of these genes in the kidney and in other tissues of the streptozocin-induced diabetic rat. The binding of 125I-labeled IGF-I to crude membranes was measured in the same tissues. We observed a 2.5-fold increase in the steady-state level of IGF-I-receptor mRNA in the diabetic kidney, which was accompanied by a 2.3-fold increase in IGF-I binding. In addition to this increase in IGF-I binding to the IGF-I receptor, there was also binding to a lower-molecular-weight material that may represent an IGF-binding protein. No change was detected in the level of IGF-I-peptide mRNA. Similarly, IGF-II-receptor mRNA levels and IGF-II binding were significantly increased in the diabetic kidney. IGF-I- and IGF-II-receptor mRNA levels and IGF-I and IGF-II binding returned to control values after insulin treatment. Because the IGF-I receptor is able to transduce mitogenic signals on activation of its tyrosine kinase domain, we hypothesize that, among other factors, high levels of receptor in the diabetic kidney may also be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Increased IGF-II-receptor expression in the diabetic kidney may be important for the intracellular transport and packaging of lysosomal enzymes, although a role for this receptor in signal transduction cannot be excluded. Finally, the possible role of IGF-binding proteins requires further study.
Contemporary management of patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation: in-hospital and 1-year follow-up findings from the ESC-EHRA atrial fibrillation ablation long-term registry (2016)

AFib ablation in clinical practice is mostly performed in symptomatic, relatively young and otherwise healthy patients. Overall success rate is satisfactory, but complication rate remains considerable and a significant portion of patients remain on AADs. Monitoring after ablation shows wide variations. Antithrombotic treatment after ablation shows insufficient guideline-adherence.
Technology-Based Rehabilitation to Improve Communication after Acquired Brain Injury (2017)

The utilization of technology has allowed for several advances in aphasia rehabilitation for individuals with acquired brain injury. Thirty-one previous studies that provide technology-based language or language and cognitive rehabilitation are examined in terms of the domains addressed, the types of treatments that were provided, details about the methods and the results, including which types of outcomes are reported. From this, we address questions about how different aspects of the delivery of treatment can influence rehabilitation outcomes, such as whether the treatment was standardized or tailored, whether the participants were prescribed homework or not, and whether intensity was varied. Results differed by these aspects of treatment delivery but ultimately the studies demonstrated consistent improvement on various outcome measures. With these aspects of technology-based treatment in mind, the ultimate goal of personalized rehabilitation is discussed.
A retrospective cohort study of leukemia and other cancers in benzene workers (1989)

A retrospective cohort study was carried out in 1982-1983 among 28,460 benzene-exposed workers (15,643 males, 12,817 females) from 233 factories and 28,257 control workers (16,621 males, 12,366 females) from 83 factories in 12 large cities in China. All-cause mortality was significantly higher among the exposed (265.46/100,000 person-years) than among the unexposed (139.06/100,000 person-years), as was mortality from all malignant neoplasms (123.21/100,000 versus 54.7/100,000, respectively). For certain cancers, increased mortality was noted among benzene-exposed males in comparison with that among unexposed males; the standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were elevated for leukemia (SMR = 5.74), lung cancer (SMR = 2.31), primary hepatocarcinoma (SMR = 1.12), and stomach cancer (SMR = 1.22). For females only leukemia occurred in excess among the exposed. Risk of leukemia rose as duration to exposure to benzene increased up to 15 years, and then declined with additional years of exposure. Leukemia occurred among some workers with as little as 6 to 10 ppm average exposure and 50 ppm-years (or possibly less) cumulative lifetime exposure (based on all available measurements for the exposed work units). Among the 30 leukemia cases identified in the exposed cohort, the proportion of subjects with acute lymphocytic leukemia was substantially lower and the proportion with acute nonlymphocytic leukemias was higher than in the general population. During 1972 to 1981, the annual incidence of leukemia ranged from 5.83 to 28.33 per 100,000 with higher rates occurring in the interval 1977 to 1981 than in the earlier years of the study period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Impact of Post-PATCO Labor Relations on U.S. Union Wages (1997)

An augmented Phillips curve model is employed to evaluate the hypothesis that the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) strike of 1981 marked the beginning of a structural change in U.S. labor relations, which increased the relative bargaining power of management. After controlling for other factors which influence union wages, the resulting estimates indicate that union wage growth rates, average wages, and total union wage payments were significantly retarded by a structural shift which originated concurrently with the 1981 replacement of striking PATCO members by the federal government.
Antiangiogenic Treatment Diminishes Renal Injury and Dysfunction via Regulation of Local AKT in Early Experimental Diabetes (2014)

In view of increased vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression and renal dysfunction in early diabetes, we designed a study to test whether VEGF-A inhibition can prevent early renal injury and dysfunction. We investigated the relationship and mechanism between VEGF-A and AKT regulation. In vitro, VEGF-A small interfering RNA (siRNA) and AKT inhibitor MK-2206 were employed to podocytes and NRK-52 cells cultured in high glucose (30 mM). In vivo, the antiangiogenic drug endostatin was administered in 12 week-old streptozotocin-induced male Sprague Dawley rats. The levels of VEGF-A, AKT, phosphorylated Ser 473 -AKT, phosphorylated Thr 308 -AKT, nephrin, angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin type II receptor 1 (ATR1) were examined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Interactions between phosphorylated Thr 308 -AKT and either nephrin in podocytes or Ang II in renal tubules were studied, respectively, using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoprecipitation. Silencing VEGF-A in podocytes upregulated phosphorylated Thr 308 -AKT and nephrin. Silencing VEGF-A in NRK-52E cells upregulated phosphorylated Thr 308 -AKT while downregulated Ang II and ATR1. MK-2206 enhanced VEGF-A expression in both podocytes and NRK-52E cells by inhibiting AKT activities. In diabetic rat kidneys, VEGF-A was upregulated and phosphorylated Thr 308 -AKT colocalized with either nephrin in podocytes or Ang II in renal tubules. With the endostatin treatment, the level of VEGF-A decreased while phosphorylated Thr 308 -AKT increased in both glomeruli and renal tubules. Treatment with endostatin upregulated nephrin in podocytes while downregulated Ang II and AT1R in renal tubules. Glomerular mesangial expansion was attenuated by the endostatin treatment, however, differences did not reach statistical significance. Endostatin ameliorated the interstitial fibrosis, urine albumin excretion rate (UAER) and albumin to creatinine ratio. We conclude that phosphorylated Thr 308 -AKT regulates VEGF-A expression by interacting with either nephrin in glomeruli or Ang II in renal tubules. Antiangiogenic treatment improves renal injury and function in early experimental diabetes.
Pareto efficient multi-objective test case selection (2007)

Previous work has treated test case selection as a single objective optimisation problem. This paper introduces the concept of Pareto efficiency to test case selection. The Pareto efficient approach takes multiple objectives such as code coverage, past fault-detection history and execution cost, and constructs a group of non-dominating, equivalently optimal test case subsets. The paper describes the potential bene?ts of Pareto efficient multi-objective test case selection, illustrating with empirical studies of two and three objective formulations.
Erratum: “Harmonic inversion of time signals and its applications” [J. Chem. Phys. <b>107</b>, 6756 (1997)] (1998)

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Laser-Generated Beam Array For Commutation Of Spatially Modulated Optical Signals (1986)

A coherent optical method and concept are presented for the generation of an intense, very precisely spaced 2-D array of laser beams which maintain their relative position over significant distances. The array is achieved through the use of a recently invented quadriprism.1 A signal pattern encoded on a 128x128 array has been precisely transported over several meters. An attractive feature of the system is the low optical energy in the array interstitial space. The interposing of grids or arrays of rectangular lattice electrodes yields very low diffraction losses, thereby making the beam array ideal, e.g., in pipeline processors. Some conceptual applications are discussed.
Evaluation of monoexponential extrapolation of transpulmonary thermal-dye kinetics by use of a new model-free deconvolution algorithm. (1988)

This study evaluates the routine mathematic approach (monoexponential extrapolation) for analysis of transpulmonary thermal-dye dilution curves and estimates the effects of systemic-indicator recirculation by use of a deconvolution technique. Fifteen dogs anesthetized with N2O-piritramid were studied before and after induction of pulmonary edema by oleic acid. After introduction of central venous indicator (10 ml of a mixture of cold blood and indocyanine green dye), dilution data were recorded from the pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta. The conclusions were: (1) monoexponential extrapolation yields reasonably good estimates of the mean transit times of dye; (2) mean transit times of heat are usually overestimated by monoexponential extrapolation; (3) extravascular lung thermal volume assessed by monoexponential extrapolation is overestimated by 2.03 ml/kg of body mass under baseline conditions; and (4) the prepulmonary volume of distribution of heat exceeds that of dye by 1.4 ml/kg of body mass, thus increasing the overestimation of pulmonary extravascular heat-accessible space by the conventional technique.
Determinants of vocational disability in patients with low back pain. (1989)

Eighty-seven unemployed subjects with low back pain were recruited from an orthopedic back pain clinic and were given a battery of physical and psychologic tests. Subjects were contacted six months later to determine their current compensation status and whether they had returned to work. Age, length of time out of work, how much they had lifted in their previous job, the number of weeks they had been compensated, current activity levels, leg pain, and various psychologic factors significantly differentiated those who worked from those who did not. Physical examination findings and testing of the ability to lift were not significantly related to return to work. It is suggested that demographic, job-related, and psychologic factors should be emphasized, rather than only physical capacity, in the evaluation of vocational potential and the assessment of disability in patients with low back pain.
Large-Transducer Measurements of Wavefront Distortion in the Female Breast (1992)

Ultrasonic waves propagating through soft tissue experience wavefront distortion. Refraction occurs at boundaries between tissue beds having different sound speeds; scattering occurs within a tissue bed, caused by local impedance variations. This paper describes measurements of wavefront distortion in the human female breast that indicate that refraction is the dominant distortion mechanism when the ultrasonic phased array is very large. The determination that refraction dominates the wavefront distortion is based upon studies of multiple image artifacts that result from a single source radiated through in vivo breasts and breast phantoms. The receiving apertures used were 4.65 and 9.6 cm. Such image artifacts are repeatedly observed in the 10 young subjects reported in this paper, and also in older subjects. An understanding of the in vivo observations is obtained by phantom studies.
Activity Based Probes for Proteases: Applications to Biomarker Discovery,Molecular Imaging and Drug Screening (2006)

Recent advances in global genomic and proteomic methods have lead to a greater understanding of how genes and proteins function in complex networks within a cell. One of the major limitations in these methodologies is their inability to provide information on the dynamic, post-translational regulation of enzymatic proteins. In particular proteases are often synthesized as inactive zymogens that need to be activated in order to carry out specific biological processes. Thus, methods that allow direct monitoring of protease activity in the context of a living cell or whole animal will be required to begin to understand the systems-wide functional roles of proteases. In this review, we discuss the development and applications of activity based probes (ABPs) to study proteases and their role in pathological processes. Specifically we focus on application of this technique for biomarker discovery, in vivo imaging and drug screening.
Design of CMOS CML circuits for high-speed broadband communications (2003)

This paper discusses the behavior and design of CMOS current-mode logic (CML) circuits. The advantages of using the CML topology over static CMOS for high-speed digital signals are discussed. Biasing and dynamic behavior of CML circuits are discussed and a design method for optimizing the bandwidth and speed is presented.
The missing puzzle piece in translation pedagogy: Adaptive and elastic competence (2012)

The study of effective and innovative translation pedagogy has been drawing increasing attention in recent years, but the training of adaptive and elastic competence is somewhat overlooked. This study investigates the importance of strategic translation through the theoretical lens of Verschueren's (1998) Adaptation Theory. The analysis is based on a case study of the 2001 Sino-American Hainan airplane collision crisis, and in particular the pivotal role of different versions of the American "two sorries" letter in facilitating the resolution. It highlights the need to incorporate language adaptation and the interests of all parties in a translation. This study argues that translation is a negotiable and adaptable process, influenced by both overt and covert components, and that this process should be reflected in translation education by foste1ing the ability to get behind the text to cater to the interests of all interested parties: that is, to cultivate adaptive and elastic competence. The findings suggest that a realistic, balanced, and robust account of adaptation and elasticity is needed for effective translation education.
Monolayer curvature stabilizes nanoscale raft domains in mixed lipid bilayers (2013)

According to the lipid raft hypothesis, biological lipid membranes are laterally heterogeneous and filled with nanoscale ordered "raft" domains, which are believed to play an important role for the organization of proteins in membranes. However, the mechanisms stabilizing such small rafts are not clear, and even their existence is sometimes questioned. Here, we report the observation of raft-like structures in a coarse-grained molecular model for multicomponent lipid bilayers. On small scales, our membranes demix into a liquid ordered (lo) phase and a liquid disordered (ld) phase. On large scales, phase separation is suppressed and gives way to a microemulsion-type state that contains nanometer-sized lo domains in an ld environment. Furthermore, we introduce a mechanism that generates rafts of finite size by a coupling between monolayer curvature and local composition. We show that mismatch between the spontaneous curvatures of monolayers in the lo and ld phases induces elastic interactions, which reduce the line tension between the lo and ld phases and can stabilize raft domains with a characteristic size of the order of a few nanometers. Our findings suggest that rafts in multicomponent bilayers might be closely related to the modulated ripple phase in one-component bilayers.
Inverted hybrid organic light-emitting device with polyethylene dioxythiophene-polystyrene sulfonate as an anode buffer layer (2003)

In this study we demonstrate inverted organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) utilizing highly conductive polyethylene dioxythiophene–polystyrene sulfonate as a buffer layer to a radio-frequency sputter-deposited indium–tin–oxide as the anode. In comparison to an entirely small-molecule-based reference, a reduction in operation voltage of 8.4 V at superior efficiencies of 4.2 cd/A and 1 lm/W obtained at 1.000 cd/m2 was achieved. The inverted cell configuration is desirable for next-generation active-matrix OLED displays.