gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low power RF front-end for L1/E1 GPS/Galileo and GLONASS signals in CMOS 65nm technology (2011)

This paper presents a low-power RF front-end designed for L1/E1 GPS/Galileo and GLONASS, implemented on 65nm CMOS technology. It draws 28mA on external voltage supply at 1.2V, with power consumption of 33.6mW. The chip could work also at 1.8V using a chip-embedded low dropout regulator (LDO). The device integrates a high performance low noise amplifier (LNA), an automatic gain control (AGC) that doesn't need any external capacitor, and the phase-locked loop (PLL) filter reducing the external components count; only few passives for matching and external TCXO for frequency reference are needed. A programmable synthesizer manages most of the commonly used TCXO frequencies. The device presents only one input for RF signal with two intermediate frequency (IF) chains one for GPS/Galileo signals and the other for GLONASS signals. Both IF filters are fully embedded. The data bit for base band are generated by 3-bits analog-to-digital converters (ADC). The whole die area is 4.65mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Selective inhibitors of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) induce hypoalgesia in a rat paw model of inflammation (2002)

1. It is well-established that inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and hence of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis reverse inflammatory hyperalgesia and oedema in both human and animal models of inflammatory pain. 2. Paw oedema and hyperalgesia in rats were induced by injecting carrageenan (250 micro g paw(-1)) into a hindpaw. Both inflammatory responses were followed for 24 h after the injection, measuring hyperalgesia by decreased pain threshold in the paws and oedema by plethysmography. 3. Three selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), celecoxib, rofecoxib and SC 236, given systemically in a range of doses, before the inflammatory stimulus, abolished carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia with little reduction of oedema. These inhibitors also induced hypoalgesia, increasing nociceptive thresholds in the inflamed paw above normal, non-inflamed levels. This hypoalgesia was lost at the higher doses of the selective inhibitors, although hyperalgesia was still prevented. 4. In paws injected with saline only, celecoxib, given at the dose inducing the maximum hypoalgesia after carrageenan, did not alter the nociceptive thresholds. 5. Two non-selective inhibitors of COX-2, indomethacin and piroxicam, abolished hyperalgesia and reduced oedema but did not induce hypoalgesia. 6. Celecoxib given locally into the paw also abolished inflammatory hyperalgesia and induced hypoalgesia without reducing oedema. 7. We conclude that hypoalgesia is expressed only over a critical range of COX-2 inhibition and that concomitant inhibition of COX-1 prevents expression of hypoalgesia, although hyperalgesia is still prevented. 8 Our results suggest a novel anti-nociceptive pathway mediating hypoalgesia, involving COX-2 selectively and having a clear peripheral component. This peripheral component can be further explored for therapeutic purposes.
Differentiation plasticity of chondrocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (2002)

Evidence exists that cells of mesenchymal origin show a differentiation plasticity that depends on their differentiation state. We used in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells through embryoid bodies as a model to analyze chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation because embryonic stem cells recapitulate early embryonic developmental phases during in vitro differentiation. Here, we show that embryonic stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes, which progressively develop into hypertrophic and calcifying cells. At a terminal differentiation stage, cells expressing an osteoblast-like phenotype appeared either by transdifferentiation from hypertrophic chondrocytes or directly from osteoblast precursor cells. Chondrocytes isolated from embryoid bodies initially dedifferentiated in culture but later re-expressed characteristics of mature chondrocytes. The process of redifferentiation was completely inhibited by transforming growth factor beta3. In clonal cultures of chondrocytes isolated from embryoid bodies, additional mesenchymal cell types expressing adipogenic properties were observed, which suggests that the subcultured chondrocytes indeed exhibit a certain differentiation plasticity. The clonal analysis confirmed that the chondrogenic cells change their developmental fate at least into the adipogenic lineage. In conclusion, we show that chondrocytic cells are able to transdifferentiate into other mesenchymal cells such as osteogenic and adipogenic cell types. These findings further strengthen the view that standardized selection strategies will be necessary to obtain defined cell populations for therapeutic applications.
Use of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of leprosy (1997)

One of the main limitations for successful epidemiological control of leprosy is the lack of a method for its diagnosis in subclinical cases. Because of the long incubation period of the disease, liberation and spread of Mycobacterium leprae during subclinical stages-principally in cases of untreated multibacillary forms of leprosy-constitute the main source of infection. This report describes the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of M. leprae in different types of tissue samples (blood, lymph, nasal secretion and hair) from an individual who was suspected of having leprosy. Although no conclusive diagnosis could be made by traditional diagnostic methods, the individual was found to be infected with M. leprae after amplification of the bacterial DNA.
An improved calculation of proximity-effect loss in high-frequency windings of round conductors (2003)

The two best-known methods for calculating high-frequency winding loss in round-wire windings-the Dowell method and the Ferreira method-give significantly different results at high frequency. We apply 2-D finite-element method (FEM) simulations to evaluate the accuracy of each method for predicting proximity-effect losses. We find that both methods can have substantial errors, exceeding 60%. The Ferreira method, which is based on the exact Bessel-function solution for the eddy current in an isolated conducting cylinder subjected to a time-varying magnetic field, is found to be most accurate for loosely packed windings, whereas the Dowell method, which approximates winding layers comprising multiple turns of round wire with a rectangular conducting sheet, is most accurate for closely-packed windings. To achieve higher accuracy than is possible with either method alone, we introduce a new formula, based on modifying the Dowell method. Parameters in the new formula are chosen based on fitting our FEM simulation data. By expressing the results in terms of normalized parameters, we construct a model that can be used to determine proximity-effect loss for any round-wire winding with error under 2%.
Synthesis of star-shaped metallo-polymeric chromophores by atom transfer radical polymerization (2005)

The synthesis of bromoester-functionalized dialkylaminostyryl-2,2′-bipyridyl ligands and of the corresponding tris[dialkylaminostyryl-2,2′-bipyridine] metal(II) complexes are reported (M = Fe, Ru, Zn). These complexes are used as multifunctional metallo-initiators for the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate. The resulting new star-shaped polymers combine the optical (UV–visible and luminescence) properties of the monomers with good processability, which allow to build high optical quality thin films by the spin-coating technique. .
对《建筑工程设计单位项目负责人质量安全责任七项规定（试行）》分的解读 (2015)

一、引言 为进一步落实建筑工程各方主体项目负责人的质量安全责任，2015年3月18日，住建部出台了针对建设、勘察、设计、监理单位项目责任人的四项规定，要求建设、勘察、设计、监理等单位法定代表人，在建筑工程开工建设前，签署授权书，明确各单位项目负责人，并规定了各单位项目负责人应当承担的质量安全责任及相应的行政处罚。
Graves’ disease is associated with an altered CXCR3 and CCR5 expression in thyroid-derived compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes (2002)

The mechanisms by which T cells accumulate in the thyroid and support the autoimmune process in patients with Graves' disease (GD) are poorly understood. Chemokines and their receptors may be involved in this process. We have analysed the expression of CXCR3 and CCR5 as Th1-specific chemokine receptors, CCR3 as a marker for Th2 cells, CXCR4 (expressed on unprimed, naive T cells) and CCR2 (known to be involved in autoimmunity) on peripheral blood (PBL) and thyroid-derived lymphocytes (TL) using flow cytometry. Chemokine receptor expression on PBL of GD patients (n = 16) did not differ from that of normal controls (n = 10). In GD, CXCR3+ (67.3 +/- 4.0% versus 45.7 +/- 2.1%) and CCR5+ T cells (42.5 +/- 3.4% versus 18.8 +/- 2.1%) showed a significant enrichment in the TL compared to PBL. The positive cells were contributed mainly by the CD4+CD45R0+ subset. TL are mostly primed CD45R0+ T cells, but surprisingly, they had significantly higher levels of CXCR4+ cells among TL (96.2 +/- 1.0%) compared to PBL (66.8 +/- 4.2%). However, CXCR4 has been induced during in vitro isolation of TL. There was no correlation between chemokine receptors and the level of TSH-receptor and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. CCR3+ and CCR2+ cells remained unchanged in TL compared to PBL. We could confirm the results using RT PCR and immunohistology. In summary, TL showed a different chemokine receptor pattern compared to PBL from the same patient. This indicates a role for CXCR3 and CCR5 in the recruitment of T cells to the thyroid in GD.
Isolectin B<sub>4</sub>-Positive and -Negative Nociceptors Are Functionally Distinct (1999)

Small-diameter sensory neurons that are primarily nociceptors can be divided neurochemically into two populations: isolectin B(4) (IB(4))-positive nonpeptidergic neurons, and IB(4)-negative peptidergic neurons. It has been shown that IB(4)-positive neurons depend on glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), whereas IB(4)-negative neurons depend on NGF for survival during postnatal development (Molliver et al., 1997). Furthermore, these two populations of nociceptors terminate in distinct regions of the superficial spinal cord. To date, however, no evidence exists that indicates whether these two groups of nociceptors have distinct functional roles in the process of nociception (Snider and McMahon, 1998). To search for functional differences, we performed whole-cell voltage and current-clamp recordings on acutely isolated adult mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons that were labeled with fluorescent IB(4). We found that IB(4)-positive neurons have longer-duration action potentials, higher densities of TTX-resistant sodium currents, and smaller noxious heat-activated currents than IB(4)-negative neurons. Furthermore, we show that NGF, but not GDNF, directly increases the number of neurons that respond to noxious heat. The different electrophysiological properties expressed by IB(4)-positive and -negative small neurons, including their different heat sensitivities, indicates that they may relay distinct aspects of noxious stimuli both acutely and after injury in vivo.
Science fiction becomes reality (2010)

Apple introduced its iPad earlier this year. There have been tablet computers before, but most had desktop operating systems adapted to accept pen inputs. The iPad was designed specifically with a simpler natural and responsive multitouch interface. Having used one for a few weeks, I would say that it feels like holding the future of computing in your hands.
FEATUREWhat's design got to do with the world financial crisis? (2009)

research-article Share on FEATUREWhat's design got to do with the world financial crisis? Author: Elaine Ann Kaizor Innovation Kaizor InnovationView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 16Issue 3May + June 2009 pp 27–30https://doi.org/10.1145/1516016.1516023Online:01 May 2009Publication History 4citation514DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads514Last 12 Months115Last 6 weeks11 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Near-Infrared Absorbing Cu<sub>12</sub>Sb<sub>4</sub>S<sub>13</sub> and Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>4</sub> Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoelectrochemistry (2013)

Herein, we present the novel synthesis of tetrahedrite copper antimony sulfide (CAS) nanocrystals (Cu12Sb4S13), which display strong absorptions in the visible and NIR. Through ligand tuning, the size of the Cu12Sb4S13 NCs may be increased from 6 to 18 nm. Phase purity is achieved through optimizing the ligand chemistry and maximizing the reactivity of the antimony precursor. We provide a detailed investigation of the optical and photoelectrical properties of both tetrahedrite (Cu12Sb4S13) and famatinite (Cu3SbS4) NCs. These NCs were found to have very high absorption coefficients reaching 10(5) cm(-1) and band gaps of 1.7 and 1 eV for tetrahedrite and famatinite NCs, respectively. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to determine the band positions. In each case, the Fermi energies reside close to the valence band, indicative of a p-type semiconductor. Annealing of tetrahedrite CAS NC films in sulfur vapor at 350 °C was found to result in pure famatinite NC films, opening the possibility to tune the crystal structure within thin films of these NCs. Photoelectrochemistry of hydrazine free unannealed films displays a strong p-type photoresponse, with up to 0.1 mA/cm(2) measured under mild illumination. Collectively these optical properties make CAS NCs an excellent new candidate for both thin film and hybrid solar cells and as strong NIR absorbers in general.
Phase I trial of intravenous carboplatin and cyclosporin A in refractory gynecologic cancer patients. (1996)

Our objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of cyclosporin A (CsA) delivered as a loading dose (LD) and continuous i.v. infusion (CI) in combination with carboplatin in patients with refractory gynecologic cancers. Twenty-nine heavily pretreated patients (25 ovarian epithelial, 2 cervical, and 2 endometrial carcinomas) received 113 cycles of CsA and carboplatin from September 1989 to September 1991. Twenty-four of these 29 carcinomas were strictly defined to be platinum resistant. CsA was administered as a LD escalated from 6 to 10 mg/kg followed by a 24-h CI from 2.5 to 14.5 mg/kg/day. Carboplatin was targeted to an area under the time versus concentration curve (AUC) of 6 mg/ml x min and was not dose escalated. Whole-blood CsA concentrations (fluorescence polarization immunoassay) at the maximum tolerated dose (10 mg/kg LD, 14.5 mg/kg/day CI) ranged from 2.4 to 3.0 microgram/ml over 12 h. Estimated median carboplatin AUC, based on calculated carboplatin clearance, was 7.9 mg/ml x min. The dose-limiting toxicity of the combination of CsA and carboplatin was grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 35% of the patients, which could be explained by the effects of carboplatin (AUC of 6 mg/ml x min) alone. Overall, neutropenia occurred in 24% of the patients and anemia in 17% of the patients. Grade 3 or 4 nausea or vomiting was noted in 10 and 14% of the patients, respectively. Grade 3 hypertension during CsA administration occurred in 14% of the patients. No grade 3 or 4 nephrotoxicity was seen in this trial. Three objective responses were noted: one complete response (11 months) and one partial response (5 months), both in potentially platinum-sensitive patients with platinum-free intervals of only 9 months each. One platinum-resistant patient had a partial response for 21 months. Five additional patients experienced >75% reduction of CA-125 or a return to a normal CA-125 titer. We concluded that whole-blood CsA concentrations of >3.0 microgram/ml (as seen when CsA is used as a modulator of multidrug resistance) were not achievable in this combination with carboplatin in this population of heavily pretreated gynecologic cancer patients. However, because CsA is used in this trial as a chemosensitizer in platinum-sensitive tumors and as a chemomodulator of platinum resistance, we targeted a CsA concentration of >1.0 microgram/ml, which was achieved. The CsA dose recommended for a Phase II trial of this combination is 10 mg/kg LD and 11.6 mg/kg/day CI, which results in blood CsA concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 1.3 microgram/ml over 12 h. Responses in this population of refractory gynecologic cancer patients are unusual, and these encouraging results form the basis for a Phase II trial of this combination.
Hormonal Induction and Stability of Monosex Populations in the Medaka (Oryzias latipes): Expression of Sex-Specific Marker Genes (2003)

The model teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes, d-rR.YHNI strain) was used to produce offspring of a defined sex (monosex populations) by crossing experimentally produced YY and XX males to normal females. These monosex populations had the predicted chromosomal constitution as shown by a sex chromosome-specific DNA sequence. However, in XX populations the spontaneous development of males without previous exposure to androgens was observed. Differences in the percentage of male offspring from individual XX breeding pairs indicate a possible variation of unknown genetic factors to be responsible for the development of XX males. The expression of two gonadal genes that are involved in sex differentiation, Dmrt1b(Y) and Fig1a (factor in the germ line alpha), was analyzed in monosex populations. Dmrt1b(Y) expression correlated strictly with the genotype but not the sexual phenotype. When XY juvenile fish were exposed to 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol at concentrations that induce sex reversal, Dmrt1b(Y) expression was not repressed. However, Dmrt1b(Y) was expressed in XY or YY gonads regardless of the sex and could not be detected in XX individuals. In contrast, the expression of Fig1a correlated with the phenotypic sex: Fig1a was expressed in male juvenile fish exposed to 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol and repressed in fish exposed to 17 alpha-methyltestosterone. The Dmrt1b(Y) expression appears to reflect an early and important event in sex determination and lends support to the suggested key regulatory role of the Dmrt1b(Y) gene in sex determination. This process is apparently hormone insensitive, and the expression of further downstream acting genes can be regulated (directly or indirectly) by sex steroids.
Photoreaction of Au/TiO2 for hydrogen production from renewables: a review on the synergistic effect between anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 (2012)

The review focus is on hydrogen production from renewables using photocatalysis. In particular we focus on the role of synergism on the reaction rate. Among the most studied examples for this phenomenon are catalysts based on TiO2. TiO2 exists in two common phases: anatase and rutile, with the latter more thermodynamically stable. For hydrogen production the photocatalyst is often composed of nano-size precious metals deposited on TiO2 (such as Pt, Pd, or Au). It has been observed by many researchers over a decade that M/TiO2 rutile is far less active than M/TiO2 anatase. Yet, the presence of the two phases together results in considerable enhancement of the reaction rate when compared to M/TiO2 anatase alone. The main reason for this is the increase of the charge carriers' lifetime allowing for electron transfer to hydrogen ions and hole transfer to oxygen ions (and/or the sacrificial agent used). In this work we review the few proposed models, so far, explaining the way by which this charge transfer occurs across both phases.
Vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in minimal change, membranous, and diabetic nephropathy demonstrated by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation. (1999)

Using non-radioisotopic in situ hybridisation, VEGF mRNA is almost exclusively expressed by visceral glomerular epithelial cells. Abnormal numbers of cells are seen in both minimal change and diabetic nephropathy. As VEGF exists in a number of functionally distinct isoforms, further study of qualitative VEGF isoform expression in diagnostic groups is indicated.
Lipid A and Related Compounds. XVI. Synthesis of Biologically Active Tetraacetyl-3-deoxy-D-<I>manno</I>-2-octulosonic Acid (KDO) - (&alpha;2&rarr;6) -D-Glucosamine-4-phosphates, Novel Analogs of the Nonreducing Sugar Moiety of Lipid A (1987)

Synthesis of biologically active tetraacetyl-3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid- (α2→6) -D-glucosamine-4-phosphate analogs of lipid A is described.
Automated debugging: are we close? (2001)

Although software engineers have enjoyed tremendous productivity increases as more of their tasks have become automated, debugging remains as labor-intensive and painful as it. was 50 years ago. An engineer or programmer must still set up hypotheses to use in identifying and correcting a failure's root cause. The author describes a new algorithm that promises to relieve programmers of the hit-or-miss approach to debugging. Delta Debugging uses the results of automated testing to systematically narrow the set of failure-inducing circumstances. Programmers supply a test function for each bug and hardcode it into any imperative language. The test function checks a set of changes to determine if the failure is present or if the outcome is unresolved, then feeds that information to the Delta Debugging code. As we discover more about the structure of these circumstances and the resulting causality chain, we come closer to passing much of the boredom and monotony of debugging onto machines. Debugging can be just as disciplined, systematic, and quantifiable as any other area of software engineering-which means that we should eventually be able to automate at least part of it. Ultimately, debugging may become as automated as testing-not only detecting failures, but also revealing how they came to be.
LIN-12/Notch Activation Leads to MicroRNA-Mediated Down-Regulation of Vav in <i>C. elegans</i> (2005)

Cell-cell interactions and cross-talk between signaling pathways specify Caenorhabditis elegans vulval precursor cells (VPCs) to adopt a spatial pattern: a central "1 degrees " VPC, in which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity is high and LIN-12/Notch activity is low, flanked by two "2 degrees " VPCs, in which LIN-12/Notch activity is high and EGFR-MAPK activity is low. Here, we identify a microRNA gene, mir-61, as a direct transcriptional target of LIN-12 and show that expression of mir-61 promotes the 2 degrees fate. We also identify vav-1, the ortholog of the Vav oncogene, as a target of mir-61, and show that down-regulation of VAV-1 promotes lin-12 activity in specifying the 2 degrees fate. Our results suggest that lin-12, mir-61, and vav-1 form a feedback loop that helps maximize lin-12 activity in the presumptive 2 degrees VPCs.