gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of host irradiation on long-term engraftment by CD34-deficient hematopoietic stem cells (2007)

diagnosis of POEMS was made based on the following findings: peripheral neuropathy, organomegaly (lymphadenopathy and mild splenomegaly), endocrinopathy (primary gonadal insufficiency, elevated prolactin, and gynecomastia), monoclonal protein (IgG lambda), skin changes (hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis), anasarca, diffuse sclerotic bone lesions, abnormal pulmonary function tests, plasma IL-6 of 140 pg/mL, and plasma VEGF 948 pg/mL.Bone marrow had 5% monoclonal lambda plasma cells.On metaphase cytogenetics, t(9;17)(q22; q25) was seen in 2 of 32 cells.Given his poor performance status, early high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was not an option. 7 He was started on lenalidomide 15 mg per day for 21 days of a 28-day cycle with once-weekly dexamethasone (40 mg).The dose of lenalidomide was gradually increased to the standard 25-mg dose.In total, he received 9 cycles of treatment over a course of 9 months.By his third cycle of therapy, he was able to perform more ADLs and use a walker with more ease.After 4 cycles, he was depending on his walker rather than wheelchair, and by 6 months, he had only trace ankle edema.By 10 months (6 weeks after his last cycle), his functional status, VEGF and IL-6 levels, skin changes, and anasarca had improved substantially.Modest improvements were also seen in his pulmonary function tests, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and testosterone levels.The most salient findings are shown in Table 1.The treatment plan is to consolidate his response with high-dose peripheral stem cell transplantation.Like the observation made by Badros et al using anti-VEGF antibodies to treat patients with POEMS, 8 the use of lenalidomide supports the principle that POEMS is a cytokine-mediated syndrome.The 3 cases of bevacizumab use in patients with POEMS would suggest that anti-VEGF antibodies alone are likely not sufficient 9 since anti-VEGF antibodies do little against the clonal plasma cells.The 2 responses seen with bevacizumab were in patients receiving concomitant alkylator. 8,9Lenalidomide has the advantage of being both immune modulatory and cytotoxic to malignant plasma cells.This observation opens a new treatment option for patients with POEMS syndrome.
Sugar crops as a source of fuels. Volume II. Processing and conversion research. Final report (1978)

After a summary of the principal findings with respect to both the agricultural research reported in Volume I and processing and conversion research reported in the present volume, detailed discussions are presented on the following topics: processing of sugar crops for the manufacture of fermentable sugars, conversion of fermentable sugars into ethanol considered from both a technical and economic viewpoint, research and development implications of the technical and economic results. Appendices provide detailed equipment lists, materials and energy balances, and costs for the manufacture of ethanol from sugarcane and from molasses, using state-of-the-art technology. Ethanol from sugarcane or sweet sorghum is unlikely to be available in large quantities for less than $1.00 per gallon because improvements in sugar crop production and processing are needed to hold the raw material costs for ethanol to $0.70 per gallon. When reasonable provisions are made for fermentation, distillation and return on investments, the target of $1.00 per gallon appears appropriate. There are opportunities to manufacture liquid motor fuels other than ethanol from sugar crop juice and/or associated lignocellulosic fractions. Typical alternatives are 2,3-butanediol, ketones derived from short-chain fatty acids, and microbial oils.
Training on errors experiment to detect fault-prone software modules by spam filter (2007)

The fault-prone module detection in source code is of importance for assurance of software quality. Most of previous fault-prone detection approaches are based on software metrics. Such approaches, however, have difficulties in collecting the metrics and constructing mathematical models based on the metrics. In order to mitigate such difficulties, we propose a novel approach for detecting fault-prone modules using a spam filtering technique, named Fault-Prone Filtering. Because of the increase of needs for spam e-mail detection, the spam filtering technique has been progressed as a convenient and effective technique for text mining. In our approach, fault-prone modules are detected in a way that the source code modules are considered as text files and are applied to the spam filter directly. This paper describes the training on errors procedure to apply fault-prone filtering in practice. Since no pre-training is required, this procedure can be applied to actual development field immediately. In order to show the usefulness of our approach, we conducted an experiment using a large source code repository of Java based open source project. The result of experiment shows that our approach can classify about 85% of software modules correctly. The result also indicates that fault-prone modules can be detected relatively low cost at an early stage.
Biology, Ecology, and Management of the Diamondback Moth (1993)

In recent years, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), has become the most destructive insect of cruciferous plants throughout the world, and the annual cost for managing it is estimated to be U.S. $I billion (168). Members of the plant family Cruciferae occur temperate and tropical climates and represent a diverse, widespread, and important plant group that includes cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, collards, rapeseed, mustard, and Chinese cabbage, the most important vegetable crop grown in China (90), the most populous country in the world. Although the diamondback moth is believed to have originated in the Mediterranean area (64), the source of some of our most important crucifers (185), diamondback moths now occur wherever cmcifers are grown, and this insect is believed to be the most universally distributed of all Lepidoptera (107). Absence of effective natural enemies, especially parasitoids, is believed to be a major cause of the diamondback moth’s pest status in most parts of the world (92). Lack of parasitoids in a particular area may have occurred because the diamondback moth is better able than its natural-enemy complex to become established in newly planted cmcifers. Reports on the ability of diamondback moths to migrate long distances are numerous (19, 40, 54, 58, 108, 120,
Monoclonal antibodies to .alpha.-chain regions of human fibrinogen that participate in polymer formation (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies have been generated against a cross-link-containing derivative of alpha polymer (alpha XLCNBr), isolated following CNBr digestion of fibrin [Sobel, J. H., Ehrlich, P. H., Birken, S., Saffran, A. J., & Canfield, R. E. (1983) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. One cloned cell line (F-102) was chosen for characterization based on its apparent specificity for the A alpha-chain region A alpha 518-584 (CNBr X). A second line (F-103) was selected because of its anti-A alpha 241-476 (CNBr VIII) properties. These two regions of the A alpha chain have previously been implicated as major contributors to the cross-linking process that leads to alpha-polymer formation. Radioimmunoassays have been developed, employing the immunoglobulins produced by clones F-102 and F-103. These assays have been applied, in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography purified tryptic and chymotryptic derivatives of CNBr VIII and CNBr X, to localize the respective determinants involved in antibody binding. In each case, virtually full immunoreactivity was exhibited by both the CNBr fragment and a single tryptic or chymotryptic peptide originating from it. These findings indicate that sequence-specific, rather than conformational, determinants were operative in the generation of antibodies F-102 and F-103. The epitope recognized by F-102 was localized to the region of A alpha 540-554, while the F-103 binding site resided within A alpha 259-276. When these radioimmunoassays were applied to study the relative immunoreactivity exhibited by a variety of fibrinogen derivatives, the results obtained support earlier suggestions that the COOH-terminal portion of the A alpha chain contains regions of random conformation.
Speech Disorder in Schizophrenia: Review of the Literature and Exploration of Its Relation to the Uniquely Human Capacity for Language (2001)

The language capacity of modern humans is thought by some to be clearly distinct from that of nonhuman primates (Bickerton 1990). Crow (1997, 1998a) has proposed that a disturbance in the uniquely human aspects of language is central to the genetic etiology of schizophrenia. A review of the literature on language disorder in schizophrenia provides evidence for widespread deficits in comprehension, production, attention, and cerebral lateralization of language. We focused here on those anomalies that are uniquely human aspects of language. Bickerton's five distinctly human language devices were examined in patients with schizophrenia and their families by using a structured scoring format on oral soliloquies. The chronic patients showed reduced use of clausal embedding and used fewer words than first episode patients or well family members. The amount of sentence complexity was found to be familial and to cosegregate with schizophrenia within families. These data are consistent with previous literature and additionally show a familial component to these measures, thus suggesting that deficits in specifically human aspects of language may be related to the genetics of schizophrenia.
Exploration of artificial multiferroic thin-film heterostructures using composition spreads (2004)

We have fabricated a series of composition spreads consisting of ferroelectric BaTiO3 and piezomagnetic CoFe2O4 layers of varying thicknesses modulated at nanometer level in order to explore artificial magnetoelectric thin-film heterostructures. Scanning microwave microscopy and scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscopy were used to map the dielectric and magnetic properties as a function of continuously changing average composition across the spreads, respectively. Compositions in the middle of the spreads were found to exhibit ferromagnetism while displaying a dielectric constant as high as ≈120.
Conclusions from Further Measurements on Old and New Violins (1939)

The response curves of nearly fifty violins have now been obtained, of which about a third are old instruments and over ten are of the highest quality. It is possible to pick several pairs of curves that closely resemble each other, one violin being old and the other new. Increasingly strong evidence is obtained indicating that the tone quality (for prolonged tones) of old violins can be duplicated in new instruments. A definite advantage possessed by the old instruments is that they respond for a less expenditure of work than new ones. This makes it easier for a player to execute rapid passages on an old violin than on a new, which in part justifies the high prices these violins command. Only a few listeners with the keenest ears are able to detect this characteristic. The majority are unable to tell whether a good player is using an old or a new instrument. “Blindfold” tests on audiences confirm this conclusion. The “carrying power” of violins is interpreted as an effect due to strong high harmonics which enable a violin tone to escape being masked by the accompaniment. It is connected with the “formant” mentioned by Backhaus and others as characteristic of the best violins, but it is found in both new and old instruments whose tone is characterized by musicians as “brilliant.” It is not found in instruments which are regarded as of a sweeter tone, more suitable for chamber music.
NOTES: Comamonadaceae, a New Family Encompassing the Acidovorans rRNA Complex, Including Variovorax paradoxus gen. nov., comb. nov., for Alcaligenes paradoxus (Davis 1969) (1991)

A new family, the Comamonadaceae, is proposed for the organisms belonging to the acidovorans rRNA complex in the beta subclass of the Proteobacteria. This family includes the genera Comamonas, Acidovorax, Hydrogenophaga, Xylophilus, and Variovorax (formerly Alcaligenes paradoxus), as well as a number of phylogenetically misnamed Aquaspirillum and phytopathogenic Pseudomonas species.
Optimal non-uniform wire-sizing under the Elmore delay model (1996)

We consider non-uniform wire-sizing for general routing trees under the Elmore delay model. Three minimization objectives are studied: (1) total weighted sink-delays; (2) total area subject to sink-delay bounds; and (3) maximum sink delay. We first present an algorithm NWSA-wd for minimizing total weighted sink-delays based on iteratively applying the wire-sizing formula in [1]. We show that NWSA-wd always converges to an optimal wire-sizing solution. Based on NWSA-wd and the Lagrangian relaxation technique, we obtained two algorithms NWSA-db and NWSA-md which can optimally solve the other two minimization objectives. Experimental results show that our algorithms are efficient both in terms of runtime and storage. For example, NWSA-wd, with linear runtime and storage, can solve a 6201-wire segment routing-tree problem using about 1.5-second runtime and 1.3-MB memory on an IBM RS/6000 workstation.
Effects of intensity and duration of exercise on muscular responses to training of thoroughbred racehorses (2007)

This study examined the effects of the intensity and duration of exercise on the nature and magnitude of training adaptations in muscle of adolescent (2-3 yr old) racehorses. Six thoroughbreds that had been pretrained for 2 mo performed six consecutive conditioning programs of varying lactate-guided intensities [velocities eliciting blood lactate concentrations of 2.5 mmol/l (v2.5) and 4 mmol/l (v4), respectively] and durations (5, 15, 25 min). Pre- and posttraining gluteus muscle biopsies were analyzed for myosin heavy chain content, fiber-type composition, fiber size, capillarization, and fiber histochemical oxidative and glycolytic capabilities. Although training adaptations were similar in nature, they varied greatly in magnitude among the different training protocols. Overall, the use of v4 as the exercise intensity for 25 min elicited the most consistent training adaptations in muscle, whereas the minimal training stimulus that evoked any significant change was identified with exercises of 15 min at v2.5. Within this range, muscular adaptations showed significant trends to be proportional to the exercise load of specific training programs. Taken together, these data suggest that muscular adaptations to training in horses occur on a continuum that is based on the exercise intensity and duration of training. The practical implications of this study are that exercises for 15 to 25 min/day at velocities between v2.5 and v4 can improve in the short term (3 wk) the muscular stamina in thoroughbreds. However, exercises of 5-15 min at v4 are necessary to enhance muscular features related to strength (hypertrophy).
Asymptotically zero energy computing using split-level charge recovery logic (1994)

: The dynamic power requirement of CMOS circuits is rapidly becoming a major concern in the design of personal information systems and large computers. In this work we present a number of new CMOS logic families, Charge Recovery Logic (CRL) as well as the much improved Split-Level Charge Recovery Logic (SCRL), within which the transfer of charge between the nodes occurs quasistatically. Operating quasistatically, these logic families have an energy dissipation that drops linearly with operating frequency, i.e., their power consumption drops quadratically with operating frequency as opposed to the linear drop of conventional CMOS. The circuit techniques in these new families rely on constructing an explicitly reversible pipelined logic gate, where the information necessary to recover the energy used to compute a value is provided by computing its logical inverse. Information necessary to uncompute the inverse is available from the subsequent inverse logic stage. We demonstrate the low e...
Adaptive Neural Network Flight Control Using both Current and Recorded Data (2007)

Modern aerospace vehicles are expected to perform beyond their conventional flight envelopes and exhibit the robustness and adaptability to operate in uncertain environments. Augmenting proven lower level control algorithms with adaptive elements that exhibit long term learning could help in achieving better adaptation performance while performing aggressive maneuvers. The current adaptive methodologies which use Neural Network based control methods use only the instantaneous states to tune the adaptive gains. This results in a rank one limitation on the adaptive law. In this paper we propose a novel approach to adaptive control, which uses the current or the online information as well as stored or background information for adaptation. We show that using a combined online and background learning approach it is possible to overcome the rank one limitation on the adaptive law resulting in faster adaptation to the unknown dynamics. Furthermore, we show that using combined online and background learning methods it is possible to guarantee long term learning in the adaptive flight controller, which enhances performance of the controller when it encounters a maneuver that has been performed in the past. We use Lyapunov based methods for showing boundedness of all signals for a proposed method. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in the high fidelity simulation environment for the GTMAX UAS maintained by the Georgia Tech UAV lab. The simulation results show that the proposed method exhibits long term learning and faster adaptation leading to better performance of the UAS flight controller.
Myeloperoxidase Promoter Polymorphism −463G Is Associated With More Severe Clinical Expression of Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Disease (2006)

The severity of cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease is not directly related to CFTR genotype but depends upon several parameters, including neutrophil‐dominated inflammation. Identification of agents modulating inflammation constitutes a relevant goal. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is involved in both microbicidal and proinflammatory neutrophil activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the −463GA MPO promoter polymorphism is linked to clinical severity of CF‐associated pulmonary inflammation. This polymorphism significantly affects the level of MPO gene expression in leukocytes and the G allele is more expressing than the A allele. We show that MPO genotype significantly influences the severity of pulmonary disease in early stages, prior to the development of chronic lung infections, with GG genotype being associated with more severe CF disease. Our findings indicate that the level of MPO gene expression influences the CF pathogenesis, presumably reflecting cellular damage by MPO‐generated oxidants or other activity of MPO in airway inflammation.
A static turbine flow meter with a micromachined silicon torque sensor (2003)

A new class of flow sensors is introduced where a static turbine converts the volume flow into a torque. The structure consists of a turbine fixed to a torque sensor, which in turn is connected to the pipe wall giving a perfectly symmetric, bidirectional flowmeter. In contrast to conventional turbine flowmeters, the wheel does not rotate and consequently it is insensitive to bearing friction and wear that conventional, rotating turbines experience. Furthermore, the flow passing the wheel is distributed over the circumference of the wheel and levels out nonuniform flow profiles leading to profile independent volumetric flow measurement. The torque-sensing element is a 300-/spl mu/m-thick silicon cantilever, 2 mm wide and 16 mm long. The stiffness of the torque sensor, and thereby the sensitivity, is mainly determined by lateral dimensions of specially designed stiffness reduction parts defined by photolithography, thus giving good control of the sensitivity. Two polysilicon strain gauges are placed on each side of the cantilever, measuring the bending moment from the turbine wheel. The torque sensor has been evaluated for different geometries and together with the turbine to evaluate the flow sensing performance. A turbine with a blade length of 2.7 mm and a blade angle of 30/spl deg/ has a sensitivity of 4.0 /spl mu/V/V/(1/min)/sup 2/ when measured using the silicon torque sensor. The output signal shows good symmetry between different flow directions.
Quantitative investigation of the O <sub>2</sub> <sup>+</sup> ‐induced topography of GaAs and other III–V semiconductors: An STM study of the ripple formation and suppression of the secondary ion yield change by sample rotation (1995)

Abstract Roughening procedures including the early stage of the O 2 + ‐induced ripple formation of GaAs were studied quantitatively by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Detailed examinations of the beginning of topography development using fast Fourier transform of the STM images revealed that the ripple formation was not caused by any accidental defects, particles or original irregularity on the substrate, but solely by the conditions of the ion beam. A systematic investigation of the rippled GaAs surface produced under various O 2 + bombardment conditions was conducted. The ripple wavelength and the transition depth were almost exactly proportional to E P cos θ, where E P and θ are the energy of the ion beam and the incident angle, respectively. For GaAs, the secondary ion yield transition occurs when the slope of ripples facing the incident O 2 + beam reaches a saturation angle of 20–30° from the macroscopic surface plane. Topography change on other III–V semiconductors was also examined for comparison. There was no ripple generation observed for GaP; InP gave a ripple‐like structure without secondary ion yield change. A relatively rough surface resulted on GaSb and InAs at a much shallower depth than for GaAs. Rippling and ion yield changes during depth profiling have been suppressed successfully by sample rotation even in a magnetic sector‐based instrument.
Intelectuais paulistas na imprensa periódica mato-grossense (1910-1920) (2015)

This text has as principal objective to recover the personal and professional experiences of teachers from Sao Paulo in the places of social arrangements for which circulated and acted in Mato Grosso Press into service during the decades of 1910 and 1920. In this period the governing of Mato Grosso hired teachers in the State of Sao Paulo to work on reorganization of public instruction. As soon as they arrived, the teachers were entering in the multiplicity of spaces and places, engaged in the life of the city and in the places of production and dissemination of knowledge and contributing to the production of debates. Following the suggestions of theoretical-methodological Sirinelli (2003), we conducted a mapping of journalistic materials (articles and notes) about the teachers from Sao Paulo in Mato Grosso press, confronting with the biographical and intellectual production and with official data as regulations, presidential messages and reports, which it could be possible to understand which networks of intellectual, cultural and social relationships were formed. The publication, in the pages of newspapers, of texts related to the Republic, the nation, the secular school, the teaching methods, as well as on the personal behaviour of teachers, causing polemics and controversy between the various sectors of society at the time.