gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Chicken Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF/CSF3): The Previously Described Myelomonocytic Growth Factor Is Actually CSF3 (2009)

The current chicken genome build contains only a single colony-stimulating factor (CSF) gene, granulocyte/macrophage (GM)-CSF (CSF2). However, genes encoding receptors for two other CSFs, G-CSF (CSF3) and M-CSF (CSF1), are present in the genome. Another apparently chicken-specific CSF, myelomonocytic growth factor (MGF), shares substantial sequence homology with mammalian CSF3 but is absent from the genome. The putative region of the chicken genome that should contain the CSF3 ortholog, while not currently mapped to a specific chromosome, exhibits considerable conserved synteny with loci containing this gene in several other species. In silico analysis of the predicted CSF3 location revealed a large region homologous with the MGF promoter, upstream of a large sequence gap. In view of the many structural and functional features common to both MGF and huCSF3, we predicted that MGF is in fact CSF3 and its gene would be located within the sequence gap. To validate this hypothesis, a primer walking strategy was used to bridge the genomic sequence gap. Full-length sequencing of the entire region and thorough, detailed analysis of the coding region confirmed that the MGF gene lay within this sequence gap, and therefore that it should be renamed CSF3.
Reduction of .beta.-hydroxy ketones with catecholborane. A stereoselective approach to the synthesis of syn-1,3-diols (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of .beta.-hydroxy ketones with catecholborane. A stereoselective approach to the synthesis of syn-1,3-diolsDavid A. Evans and Amir H. HoveydaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 18, 5190–5192Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00305a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00305a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2017Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Repopulation of denuded tracheal grafts with normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic epithelial cell populations. (1978)

Abstract The purpose of these experiments was to study the in vivo growth characteristics of nonmalignant and malignant epithelial cell cultures maintained in vitro for various lengths of time. All cell cultures tested originated from normal or carcinogen-exposed tracheal epithelium of Fischer 344 rats. The cultures were inoculated into isolated tracheas, which were then grafted to isogenic recipients. At least 104 epithelial cells were required to reestablish a complete epithelial lining in denuded tracheal grafts, whether normal or tumorigenic cell cultures were used. Inoculation of denuded tracheas with 1-week-old primary cultures of normal tracheal epithelium resulted in the reestablishment of a nearly normal mucociliary tracheal lining within 1 to 2 weeks. Injection of primary epithelial cultures older than 1 week failed to reestablish an epithelial lining; instead, the tracheal lumen became obliterated with connective tissue. Inoculation with preneoplastic epithelial cell lines resulted in the establishment of a well-organized, keratinizing squamous epithelium, which remained stable for at least 6 weeks if the recipient was immunosuppressed, but which was rejected at 4 weeks in immunocompetent hosts. Inoculation with a neoplastic cell line resulted in the establishment of a well-organized squamous epithelium for 3 to 4 weeks and the development of disorganization, exophytic growth, and invasion at 4 to 6 weeks. This occurred only in immunosuppressed recipients. In immunocompetent hosts the epithelial lining was completely rejected within 2 weeks. When cells from a highly malignant squamous cell carcinoma line were inoculated into tracheas with an intact epithelial lining, only a few isolated nests of malignant cells were observed at 6 weeks. Repopulation of denuded tracheas with cells from the same tumor line resulted in the establishment of an atypical squamous lining at 1 week. At 2 weeks invasion was widespread, resulting in destruction of the tracheal grafts shortly thereafter. The epithelial morphologies observed in these studies are highly reminiscent of various preneoplastic and neoplastic “lesions” induced in tracheas of rats by direct action of chemical carcinogens. Our experiments show that this “in vivo culture system” is well suited to the study of growth and differentiation characteristics of carcinogen-altered or preneoplastic epithelial cell populations. This is not easily accomplished otherwise, since nonneoplastic cells injected s.c. or i.m. are often difficult to retrieve. We believe that this new in vivo culture approach will effectively complement the existing in vitro culture systems used in studying the process of epithelial carcinogenesis.
The removal of an impacted maxillary canine and associated dentigerous cyst in a Chow: a case report (1982)

ABSTRACT A case is described involving the surgical removal of an impacted maxillary canine tooth in a Chow and enucleation of an associated dentigerous cyst.
Technetium-99m N,N'-Bis(2-mercapto-2-methylpropyl)-2-aminobenzylamine: Technetium-99m Complexes of a Novel Bis(aminoethanethiol) Ligand (1994)

A new N2S2 ligand system, N,N'-bis(2-mercapto-2-methylpropyl)-2- aminobenzylamine, U-BAT, 1, containing uneven amine groups (two amine groups with different pKa values) for complexing [TcVO]3+, was prepared. The reaction of this novel ligand with [99mTc]pertechnetate, in the presence of stannous tartrate as the reducing agent, produces the neutral and lipid-soluble [99mTc]TcVO(U-BAT), TcS2C15H23N2O, 2. However, when the same reaction was carried out at a higher pH, 9-10, and with 30 min of heating (100 degrees C), a second neutral but more lipid-soluble complex, [99mTc]TcVO(OU-BAT), TcS2C15H21N2O, 3, was isolated. The X-ray crystallography data of the 99Tc complexes show square pyramidal coordination with N2S2 as the base and the Tc = O in the apical position. Compound 3 can be derived from 2 by an oxidation of the ligand to form an imine. After iv injection into rats, the neutral and lipid-soluble technetium-99m complexes showed significant brain uptake, 1.54 and 1.07% dose/organ at 2 min for [99mTc]TcVO(U-BAT) and TcVO(OU-BAT), respectively. The novel Tc chemistry of this new ligand system may provide a useful foundation for designing Tc complexes with a built-in redox mechanism.
Quasi-two-level Yb:KYW laser with a volume Bragg grating (2007)

Using a volume Bragg grating as input coupler, we demonstrate an Yb:KYW laser with a very small quantum defect (1.6%) and an output power of 3.6 W. The laser was longitudinally diode-pumped at 982 nm and the laser wavelength was determined by the grating to 998 nm, with a laser bandwidth of 10 GHz (33 pm). Due to the low quantum defect, the laser should be readily scalable to 20 W or more without critical thermal effects.
Dynamic CMOS amplifiers (1980)

A family of dynamic CMOS amplifiers is presented and discussed. First, the concept of dynamic circuit is introduced. Then two groups of circuits with different biasing principles are shown, and experimental results are presented. The advantages of dynamic amplifiers are low power consumption, high voltage gain, large bandwidth, and low offset voltages.
Role of stromal‐cell derived factor‐1 in the development of autoimmune diseases in non‐obese diabetic mice (2002)

The chemokine stromal-cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) controls maturation, trafficking, and homing of certain subsets, lymphoid cells including immunogenic B and T cells, as a ligand of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), both highly regulated autoimmune diseases, develop spontaneously in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. To investigate the role of SDF-1 in the development of autoimmune diseases, we injected groups of NOD female mice with antibodies to SDF-1 (anti-SDF-1), which resulted in a 30% reduction of diabetes up to 30 weeks of age, delayed average diabetes onset by 10 weeks, and suppressed insulitis. Autoimmune sialoadenitis was evident in anti-SDF-1-injected mice (SDF-1-Ig group) at the same level as in all groups of mice, whether injected with non-specific antibodies or not. In addition, in the SDF-1-Ig group, a greater number of immunoglobulin M (IgM)- IgD- B220(low) CD38+ CD43+ CD23- progenitor B cells and IgM+ IgD+ B220(high) CD43- CD38+ CD24+ CD23+ mature B cells remained in the bone marrow, whereas infiltration of mature IgM+ B cells was less extensive in peripheral tissues. Our results suggested that anti-SDF-1 antibodies injection was effective in inhibiting diabetes and insulitis without affecting autoimmune sialoadenitis or SS in NOD mice. SDF-1 may be an essential chemokine for trafficking and migration of autoreactive B cells in the development of diabetes.
The Prone Chest Film (1975)

Frontal chest radiographs in the prone position enhanced visualization of the posterior lung base in the presence of pleural effusions. Though the lateral decubitus view often displaced fluid adequately, in several cases only the prone film revealed basilar lung pathology; this was due to gravitational shift of the fluid away from this region as well as improved aeration of the lower lobe in the prone position, as shown by horizontal-beam lateral views. The prone chest film is recommended for evaluation of the lung base when obscured by fluid.
Dissociation of Osteogenic and Immunological Effects by the Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonist, Compound A, in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (2010)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate various physiological processes, including bone remodeling. Whereas physiological amounts of GCs are required for proper human osteoblast differentiation, prolonged exposure to GCs leads to substantial bone loss in vivo predominantly by inhibiting osteoblast functions. Compound A (CpdA) is a novel GC receptor modulator with the potential of an improved benefit/risk profile. Here we tested the osteoimmunological effects of CpdA on primary human osteoblasts and their paracrine interactions with osteoclasts. To assess the antiinflammatory potential of CpdA in human bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)-derived osteoblasts, cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and cytokine expression was determined. Similar to dexamethasone (DEX), CpdA profoundly suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α (-63%), IL-1β (-38%), and IL-6 (-36%) (P < 0.05) mRNA levels. Of note, CpdA failed to induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, whereas DEX and budesonide enhanced matrix mineralization an d increased runt-related transcription factor 2 and alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels up to 5-fold in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, each substance promoted cell proliferation by 7-10% and suppressed apoptosis by 25-30% at low concentrations and early differentiation stages, whereas high concentrations (1 μm) suppressed proliferation and stimulated apoptosis in mature osteoblasts. Finally, CpdA did not increase the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand to osteoprotegerin mRNA ratio as compared with DEX and did not stimulate the formation of osteoclasts in coculture with BMSCs. In summary, CpdA displays dissociated osteogenic and immunological effects in human BMSCs that are distinct from those of conventional GCs. Whether the specific osteoimmunological profile of CpdA translates into a relevant in vivo effect needs to be further explored.
The Jesters (1915)

Essay| May 01 1915 The Jesters Marion Couthouy Smith Marion Couthouy Smith Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1941) 2 (2): 217. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1915.2.2.217 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Marion Couthouy Smith; The Jesters. Current History 1 May 1941; 2 (2): 217. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1915.2.2.217 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1915 by The Regents of the University of California1915 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Old Yellow Enzymes, Highly Homologous FMN Oxidoreductases with Modulating Roles in Oxidative Stress and Programmed Cell Death in Yeast (2007)

In a genetic screen to identify modifiers of Bax-dependent lethality in yeast, the C terminus of OYE2 was isolated based on its capacity to restore sensitivity to a Bax-resistant yeast mutant strain. Overexpression of full-length OYE2 suppresses Bax lethality in yeast, lowers endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), increases resistance to H(2)O(2)-induced programmed cell death (PCD), and significantly lowers ROS levels generated by organic prooxidants. Reciprocally, Delta oye2 yeast strains are sensitive to prooxidant-induced PCD. Overexpression and knock-out analysis indicate these OYE2 antioxidant activities are opposed by OYE3, a highly homologous heterodimerizing protein, which functions as a prooxidant promoting H(2)O(2)-induced PCD in wild type yeast. To exert its effect OYE3 requires the presence of OYE2. Deletion of the 12 C-terminal amino acids and catalytic inactivation of OYE2 by a Y197F mutation enhance significantly survival upon H(2)O(2)-induced PCD in wild type cells, but accelerate PCD in Delta oye3 cells, implicating the oye2p-oye3p heterodimer for promoting cell death upon oxidative stress. Unexpectedly, a strain with a double knock-out of these genes (Delta oye2 oye3) is highly resistant to H(2)O(2)-induced PCD, exhibits increased respiratory capacity, and undergoes less cell death during the adaptive response in chronological aging. Simultaneous deletion of OYE2 and other antioxidant genes hyperinduces endogenous levels of ROS, promoting H(2)O(2)-induced cell death: in Delta oye2 glr1 yeast high levels of oxidized glutathione elicited gross morphological aberrations involving the actin cytoskeleton and defects in organelle partitioning. Altering the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione by exogenous addition of GSH fully reversed these alterations. Based on this work, OYE proteins are firmly placed in the signaling network connecting ROS generation, PCD modulation, and cytoskeletal dynamics in yeast.
Mild and Efficient One‐Step Synthesis of Trithiocarbonates Using Minimum Amount of CS<sub>2</sub>. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Switching to Anastrozole Versus Continued Tamoxifen Treatment of Early Breast Cancer: Preliminary Results of the Italian Tamoxifen Anastrozole Trial (2005)

Switching to anastrozole after the first 2 to 3 years of treatment is well tolerated and significantly improves event-free and recurrence-free survival in postmenopausal patients with early breast cancer.
Developments in High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials (2008)

Part 1 Developments in high temperature corrosion: Diffusion and solid state reactions Transition between external and internal oxidation of alloys Modern analytical techniques in high temperature oxidation and corrosion Metal dusting corrosion of metals and alloys Tribological degradation at elevated temperatures Hot corrosion of alloys and coatings Oxide scales on hot-rolled steel strips. Part 2 Developments in protective oxide scales and coatings: High-temperature corrosion mechanisms in layered ternary ceramics Formation and growth of protective alumina scales Oxidation of Ti-Al intermetallic compounds Oxidation of metal matrix composites Design strategies for new oxidation-resistant high temperature alloys Oxidation behaviour of chemical vapour deposited silicon carbide Oxidation resistant nanocrystalline coatings Thermal barrier coatings. Part 3 Case studies: High temperature corrosion problems in the petrochemical industry Oxidation processing of electronic materials Corrosion in modern incinerators.
Magnetic force microscopy of a CoCr thin film (1989)

We present high-resolution magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images of a Co80Cr20 film with a thickness of 230 nm. We clearly observe a stripe domain structure with a domain width of 220 nm, the highest resolution of a periodic magnetic structure measured by MFM to this date, by measuring forces as small as 0.1 nN. The micromagnetic structure is compared to the morphology of the sample, which consists of vertical columns with an average cross section of about 40×60 nm2. The average surface roughness of this film did not exceed 12 nm on a 1-μm lateral scale. A magnetic fine structure of typically 50 nm width and more than 200 nm length is observed. Theoretical calculations of force traces are in reasonable agreement with experiment. A nonuniform sample magnetization, correlated to the morphology, has to be assumed to simulate the observed fine structure of force traces. Calculated images characteristically depend on the effective domain structure of the last 500 nm of the tip.
Cystatin and cystatin-derived peptides have antibacterial activity against the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. (1998)

We investigated whether cystatins and cystatin-derived peptides, encompassing sequences of secondary structures of cystatin S and papain binding domains of cystatin C, display antimicrobial properties. Of the different microorganisms tested, only the growth of P. gingivalis was inhibited by chicken cystatin and cystatin C. Cystatin S, cystatin S:1-14, cystatin S:61-73 and cystatin S:108-121 also inhibited its growth, whereas cystatin S:21-38, cystatin S:39-55, cystatin S:81-95, cystatin S:94-109, and cystatin C: 9-12/55-60/106-107 did not. No inhibition of the cysteine proteinase activity of P. gingivalis was observed for all cystatin-derived peptides. On the other hand, leupeptin and antipain inhibited P. gingivalis proteinase activity, but had no effect on the growth. These data suggest that cystatins contain antibacterial sequences active against P. gingivalis and that the growth inhibition does not depend on the inhibition of P. gingivalis cysteine proteinases.
Electric field-induced redistribution and postfield relaxation of epidermal growth factor receptors on A431 cells. (1987)

The lateral mobility of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in the plane of the plasma membrane of cultured A431 cells was investigated using direct and indirect fluorescent probes to measure the generation and relaxation of electric field-induced receptor asymmetry. A steady electric field of 15 V/cm for 30 min at 23 degrees C induced a redistribution of the unoccupied EGF receptor such that there was approximately a three-fold higher concentration of receptors at the cathode-facing pole. After termination of the field, the unoccupied receptors back diffused at 37 degrees C with a rate corresponding to a diffusion coefficient of 2.6-3.5 X 10(-10) cm2/s. No diffusion was detected at 4 degrees C. Formation of the hormone-receptor complex is known to induce receptor clustering and internalization. By inhibiting internalization with metabolic poisons, we were able to study the cell surface mobility of clusters of the hormone-receptor complex. The same degree of asymmetry was induced when the occupied receptor was exposed to an electric field and the rate of back diffusion of clusters of the hormone-receptor complex corresponded to a diffusion coefficient of 0.68-0.95 X 10(-10) cm2/s. Although the unoccupied receptor is somewhat more mobile than the hormone-receptor complex, it was still far less mobile than one would predict for an unconstrained protein imbedded in a phospholipid bilayer.
Comparative cytotoxicity of various drug combinations for human leukemic cells and normal hematopoietic precursors. (1987)

The development of suitable methods for purging the malignant cells contaminating the bone marrow of patients with cancer may offer a better chance of success for autologous bone marrow transplantation. In this paper, we further describe our efforts at purging acute myelogenous leukemia cells. HL-60, a promyelocytic leukemia cell line, was used as a model. 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), VP-16-213 (VP-16), and Adriamycin were used alone or in combination to develop the best method to purge HL-60 cells. The cytotoxicity of 29.2 micrograms/ml (100 microM) of 4-HC was 99.8 +/- 0.12% (SD) on HL-60 cells and 82.5% on colony forming units-granulocyte, macrophage. Ninety-nine % of HL-60 cells and 72.7% of colony forming units-granulocyte, macrophage were inhibited by VP-16 at a concentration of 25 micrograms/ml (42.5 microM). The cytotoxicity of 1.5 micrograms/ml (2.76 microM) of Adriamycin on HL-60 cells was 98.6 +/- 0.8% and inhibited colony forming units-granulocyte, macrophage by 50.8%. The cytotoxicity and interactions of any two drug combinations at different combination ratios and the different effect levels were quantitatively determined by median effect plot and the multiple drug effect equation (T-C. Chou and P. Talalay. Adv. Enzyme Regul. 22: 27-55, 1984). The combination of 4-HC and VP-16 at a 4-HC:VP-16 drug ratio of 1:0.342 was found to be the best for selective toxicity towards HL-60 cells and was superior to the 4-HC-Adriamycin or VP-16 Adriamycin combination for usefulness in purging bone marrow.
Polar Cloud and Surface Classification Using AVHRR Imagery: An Intercomparison of Methods (1992)

Six Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer local area coverage (AVHPR LAC) arctic scenes are classified into ten classes. These include water, solid sea ice, broken sea ice, snow-covered mountains, snow-free land, and five cloud types. Three different classifiers are examined: 1) the traditional stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) method; 2) the feed-forward back-propagation (FFBP) neural network; and 3) the probabilistic neural network (PNN). More than 200 spectral and textural measures are computed. These are reduced to 20 features using sequential forward selection. Theoretical accuracy of the classifiers is determined using the bootstrap approach. Overall accuracy is 85.6%, 87.6%, and 87.0% for the SDA, FFBP, and PNN classifiers, respectively, with standard deviations of approximately 1%. Thin cloud/fog over ice is the class with the lowest accuracy (≈75%) for all of the classifiers. The snow-covered mountains, the cirrus over ice, and the land classes are classified with the highest accuracy (⩾90%) by all of the classifiers.