gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary afferent neurons containing calcitonin gene‐related peptide but not substance P in forepaw skin, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord of mice (2015)

In mice dorsal root ganglia (DRG), some neurons express calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) without substance P (SP; CGRP(+) SP(-) ). The projections and functions of these neurons are unknown. Therefore, we combined in vitro axonal tracing with multiple-labeling immunohistochemistry to neurochemically define these neurons and characterize their peripheral and central projections. Cervical spinal cord, DRG, and forepaw skin were removed from C57Bl/6 mice and multiple-labeled for CGRP, SP, and either marker for the sensory neuron subpopulations transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), neurofilament 200 (NF200), or vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT1). To determine central projections of CGRP(+) SP(-) neurons, Neurobiotin (NB) was applied to the C7 ventral ramus and visualized in DRG and spinal cord sections colabeled for CGRP and SP. Half (50%) of the CGRP-immunoreactive DRG neurons lacked detectable SP and had a mean soma size of 473 ± 14 μm(2) (n = 5); 89% of the CGRP(+) SP(-) neurons expressed NF200 (n = 5), but only 32% expressed TRPV1 (n = 5). Cutaneous CGRP(+) SP(-) fibers were numerous within dermal papillae and around hair shafts (n = 4). CGRP(+) SP(-) boutons were prevalent in lateral lamina I and in lamina IV/V of the dorsal horn (n = 5). NB predominantly labeled fibers penetrating lamina IV/V, 6 ± 3% contained CGRP (n = 5), and 21 ± 2% contained VGluT1 (n = 3). CGRP(+) SP(-) afferent neurons are likely to be non-nociceptive. Their soma size, neurochemical profile, and peripheral and central targets suggest that CGRP(+) SP(-) neurons are polymodal mechanoceptors.
The Isotopic Composition of Strontium in Oceanic and Continental Basalts: Application to the Origin of Igneous Rocks (1963)

The isotopic compositions of strontium in 25 basalts and related volcanic rocks from both oceanic and continental localities have been determined. The isotopic abundance of Sr 87 , conveniently expressed as the Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio, was found to vary from 0·7047 to 0·7101. The range of variation is outside experimental errors and is considered to be significant. No consistent difference in the value of the Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio was observed for basalts from continental and oceanic localities. The average Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio for eleven oceanic basalts was found to be 0·7072±0·0003, whereas fourteen continental basalts and related volcanic rocks averaged Sr 87 /Sr 86 =0·7082±0·0003. The errors are the standard deviations of the mean. The average Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio for all 25 basalts is 0·7078 with limits of variation of +0·002 and −0·003. The concentrations of rubidium and strontium in a representative number of the basalts were determined by isotope dilution. Five olivine basalts averaged Rb=17±6 p.p.m., Sr=390±55 p.p.m., Rb/Sr=0·044±0·018; whereas six tholeiitic basalts were found to contain 30±7 p.p.m. Rb, 504±167 p.p.m. Sr, Rb/Sr=0·060±0·024. On the basis of the most reliable rubidium and strontium analyses of igneous and sedimentary rocks available in the literature the Rb/Sr ratio of the near-surface part of the continental crust is estimated to be 0·25. If its average age is approximately 2 billion years and its initial Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio was 0·704, the present average value would be 0·725. This estimate is compatible with results obtained for two composites of Palaeozoic shale which averaged Sr 87 /Sr 86 =0·7215±0·001. The hypothesis is advanced that there is sufficient enrichment of Sr 87 in crustal materials so that the value of the Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio of igneous rocks at the time of crystallization can be used as a criterion for the origin of the material. The initial Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio of an igneous rock formed by assimilation, remelting, or granitization of old crustal material enriched in rubidium is expected to be measurably higher than that of igneous rocks which are products of fractional crystallization of basalt magma or were derived from undifferentiated basaltic material at depth in the crust. The initial Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio, time of crystallization, and possible co-magmatic relationships of differentiated intrusive igneous rocks or series of lava flows of different compositions can be indicated by the convergence of the whole-rock strontium development lines. This method is illustrated by the intrusive alkaline rocks of the Monteregian hills, Quebec.
Analysis of the Near Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of Monochlorobenzene (1941)

The absorption spectrum of C6H5Cl at 2750–2400A has been studied in the first order of a 3 m grating spectrograph. The band system corresponds to an electronic transition A1→B1 (monochlorobenzene has the symmetry C2v) with the transition moment lying in the molecular plane perpendicular to the C–Cl bond. In agreement with this assignment to an allowed transition the 0,0 band appears strongly. Several progressions have been found involving various totally symmetrical vibrations. Besides this ``allowed'' part of the spectrum there appear ``forbidden'' bands which are due to the excitation of a non-totally symmetrical vibration of suitable symmetry. This vibration corresponds to the one (εg+ 606 cm—1) whose excitation is responsible for the appearance of the benzene spectrum. The analysis is supported by comparison with the absorption of solid monochlorobenzene at —259°C.
Histamine excites neurones in the human submucous plexus through activation of H<sub>1</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>4</sub> receptors (2007)

Histamine is a major mast cell mediator of immunoneural signalling in the gut and mast cells play a role in the pathophysiology of functional and inflammatory bowel diseases. Histamine receptors are therefore promising drug targets to treat gut disorders. We aimed to study the so far unknown effect of histamine on neural activity in the human enteric nervous system (ENS) and to identify the pharmacology of histamine response. We used fast imaging techniques in combination with the potentiometric dye di-8-ANEPPS to monitor directly membrane potential changes and thereby neuronal excitability in the human submucous plexus from surgical specimens of 110 patients (2137 neurones, 273 ganglia). Local microejection of histamine resulted in action potential discharge in 37% of neurones. This excitatory effect was mimicked by the H(1) agonist HTMT-dimaleat, H(2) agonist dimaprit, H(3) agonist (R)-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine and H(4) agonist 4-methylhistamine. The excitatory actions of the agonists were specifically and selectively blocked by the H(1), H(2), H(3) or H(4) receptor antagonists pyrilamine, ranitidine, clobenpropit or J1-[(5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]-4-methylpiperazine (JNJ 7777120), respectively. Clobenproprit reduced the excitatory response to histamine. Unlike in the guinea-pig ENS (R)-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine had no presynaptic actions in human submucous plexus. Application of agonists revealed receptor clustering which was as follows: 29% H(1)/H(3), 27% H(2), 20% H(1)/H(2)/H(3), 10% H(3), 7% H(1)/H(2) and 7% H(2)/H(3). Histamine excites human enteric neurones and this effect involves all four histamine receptors; most striking was the identification of an excitatory H(3) mediated component and the discovery of H(4) mediated neuronal excitation. These data may form the basis of identification of new targets to treat inflammatory and functional gut disorders.
Characterization of reactions of hydrogen with coordinated sulfido ligands (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of reactions of hydrogen with coordinated sulfido ligandsM. Rakowski DuBois, M. C. VanDerveer, D. L. DuBois, R. C. Haltiwanger, and W. K. MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 25, 7456–7461Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00545a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00545a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Biochemical and immunochemical analysis of rat brain dynamin interaction with microtubules and organelles in vivo and in vitro. (1990)

We have purified a 100-kD rat brain protein that has microtubule cross-linking activity in vitro, and have determined that it is dynamin, a putative microtubule-associated motility protein. We find that dynamin appears to be specific to neuronal tissue where it is present in both soluble and particulate tissue fractions. In the cytosol it is abundant, representing as much as 1.5% of the total extractable protein. Dynamin appears to be in particulate material due to association with a distinct subcellular membrane fraction. Surprisingly, by immunofluorescence analysis of PC12 cells we find that dynamin is distributed uniformly throughout the cytoplasm with no apparent microtubule association in either interphase, mitotic, or taxol-treated cells. Upon nerve growth factor (NGF) induction of PC12 cell differentiation into neurons, dynamin levels increase approximately twofold. In the cell body, the distribution of dynamin again remains clearly distinct from that of tubulin, and in axons, where microtubules are numerous and ordered into bundles, dynamin staining is sparse and punctate. On the other hand, in the most distal domain of growth cones, where there are relatively few microtubules, dynamin is particularly abundant. The dynamin staining of neurites is abolished by extraction of the cells with detergent under conditions that preserve microtubules, suggesting that dynamin in neurites is associated with membranes. We conclude that dynamin is a neuronal protein that is specifically associated with as yet unidentified vesicles. It is possible, but unproven, that it may link vesicles to microtubules for transport in differentiated axons.
Assessing the impact of rainfall on system bandwidth for broadband fixed wireless applications (2005)

Due to the presence of location dependent channel errors on wireless links, many wireless scheduling algorithms have been proposed which aim to provide efficient distribution of resources and fair allocation of available bandwidth to flows. Traditionally, these algorithms have adopted a two state model to represent the bandwidth of individual wireless channels, i.e., channels can be in a 'good' state or in a 'bad' state. In actual fact, the bandwidth of each channel depends on the adaptive techniques employed by the wireless system (e.g., coding and modulation). The paper considers different levels of rainfall and examines the impact of these levels in conjunction with suitable adaptive mechanisms on the available system bandwidth. A wireless link bandwidth model is presented which shows an accurate depiction of bandwidth variations to be used for design, optimization and benchmarking of wireless network schedulers. Knowledge of the link bandwidth is crucial for an intelligent scheduling algorithm since the scheduler must know how much bandwidth is available in order to perform fair reallocation.
Untersuchungen an 1,3‐Thiazinen, 38. Mitt.: Iminiumkohlensäurederivat‐Salze, 2. Mitt.: Synthese N‐substituierter 2‐Chlor‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐thiazinium‐salze und deren Reaktionen mit primären Aminoverbindungen (1988)

Abstract Nach einer kurzen Übersicht über Synthesen und Reaktionen von Iminiumthiokohlensäureesterchlorid‐Salzen werden Reaktionen von Tetrahydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐2‐thionen 9 mit Thionylchlorid oder Phosgen zu 2‐Chlor‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐thiazinium‐chloriden 10 beschrieben, die in stabilere, gut charakterisierbare Tetrafluoroborate 13 bzw. Hexafluorophosphate 12 überführt werden. Die in situ erzeugten Chloriminium‐chloride 10 reagieren mit primären Aminoverbindungen wie aliphatischen und aromatischen Aminen, Carbonamiden, Sulfonamiden, Diphenylphosphinsäureamid, Cyanamid oder N‐substituierten Harnstoffen zu N,N′‐disubstituierten 2‐Iminotetrahydro‐1,3‐thiazinderivaten 17 – 24 .
A Convenient Modular Approach of Functionalizing Aromatic Polyquinolines for Electrooptic Devices (1999)

A versatile and generally applicable synthetic method for making second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) side-chain aromatic polyquinolines has been developed. This approach emphasizes the ease of incorporating NLO chromophores onto the pendent phenyl moieties of parent polyquinolines at the final stage via a mild Mitsunobu reaction, which provides the synthesis of NLO polyquinolines with a broad variation of polymer backbones and great flexibility in the selection of chromophores. The synthesized NLO side-chain polyquinolines possess high glass transition temperature (Tg > 200 °C), good processability, and excellent thermal stability. The promising results of electrooptic (EO) activity (up to 35 pm/V at 830 nm and 22 pm/V at 1300 nm), optical loss (1.5−2.5 dB/cm), and long-term stability of the poling-induced polar order (r33 values retained >90% of their original values at 85 °C for more than 1000 h) have demonstrated the advantages of this design approach. The excellent combination of these properties in the resulting polymers have also provided a great promise in the development of EO devices.
Genetic Relationship among Worldwide Strains of <i>Xanthomonas</i> Causing Canker in Citrus Species and Design of New Primers for Their Identification by PCR (2002)

Partial sequence analysis of the ribosomal operon in Xanthomonas axonopodis allowed discrimination among strains causing the A, B, and C types of citrus bacterial canker (CBC) and quantification of the relationship of these organisms with other species and pathovars in the same genus. Sets of primers based on sequence differences in the internally transcribed spacer and on a sequence from the plasmid gene pthA involved in virulence were designed for specific identification of xanthomonads causing CBC diseases. The two sets were validated with a collection of Xanthomonas strains associated with citrus species. The primer set based on ribosomal sequences had a high level of specificity for X. axonopodis pv. citri, whereas the set based on the pthA gene was universal for all types of CBC organisms. Moreover, the relationships among worldwide Xanthomonas strains causing CBC were analyzed by amplification of repetitive sequences (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus and BOX elements). Under specific conditions, pathotypes of these Xanthomonas strains could be discerned, and subgroups of the pathotypes were identified. Subgroups of strains were associated with certain geographic areas of the world, and on this basis the origin of type A strains introduced into Florida could be inferred.
The Control of Floral Evocation and Morphogenesis (1988)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
Usability assessment of a bottle content tester for use in airports by screeners (2002)

Explosives may be concealed as a liquid or slurry in bottles in carry-on or checked baggage. To alleviate the uncertainty associated with screening liquid containers, devices are currently in development to screen bottles. These bottle-screening devices will provide a mechanism for airport security personnel to quickly and precisely examine liquids in bottles. Currently, airport security personnel examine carry-on and checked baggage by X-ray screening and physical search. This baggage may include bottles such as liquor and shampoo bottles that could conceal a hazardous liquid. As part of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) effort to develop technology that facilitates screening for weapons and hazardous materials, bottle-content tester devices are being developed that can analyze the contents of a sealed container. These devices could quickly analyze liquids within glass and plastic containers and identify those that are hazardous. No human performance evaluations have been completed in an airport environment to evaluate those bottle content testers currently available. Liquid threats can be easily disguised as liquids commonly brought on board aircraft (e.g., soft drinks). This possibility has required developing unique technologies for detecting such potential threats. The goal of these efforts is to produce a simple, fast, accurate, and inexpensive instrument to detect the presence of flammable liquids or liquid explosives in self-contained bottles, either carried directly by passengers or removed from baggage.
Characterization of production of free gluconic acid by <i>Gluconobacter suboxydans</i> adsorbed on ceramic honeycomb monolith (1989)

Gluconobacter suboxydans IFO 3290 was immobilized by adsorption on ceramic honeycomb monolith and continuous production of free gluconic acid from glucose was performed in an aerated reactor. The effects of reactor residence time, aeration rate, and glucose concentration were investigated on the gluconic acid yield. Observation of SEM photographs revealed that the cells were adsorbed with a high density not only on the outer surface of the support but also on the inner surface of large pores. From measurement of the number of the adsorbed cells, it was elucidated that the biofilm comprised a monolayer or bilayer of the cells. Maximum specific rate of growth was estimated for the free and adsorbed cells, and the adsorbed cells were found to grow at a fast rate compared with the free cells. In the continuous fermentation performed for one month at the glucose concentration of 100 kg/m(3), reactor residence time of 3.5 h and aeration rate of 900 cm(3)/min, the activity of the adsorbed cells was appreciably stable. The high productivity of 26.3 kg/(m(3)-reactor . h) was attained with the gluconic acid yield of 84.6% and glucose conversion of 94%.
Sulfur Dioxide Gas Detection with Na2 SO 4 ‐ Li2 SO 4 ‐  Y 2 (  SO 4 ) 3 ‐ SiO2 Solid Electrolyte by a Solid Reference Electrode Method (1987)

The electromotive force (EMF) measurement for a solid electrolyte was performed both with and solid reference electrodes. The measured EMF coincided well with the calculated EMF for a sulfur dioxide gas concentration from 30 ppm to 1% at 973 K. Good agreement between the measured and calculated EMF was also obtained for the gas content from 100 ppm to 1%, at 923 K with the electrode.
Vibrational Analysis of Engine Components Using Neural-Net Processing and Electronic Holography (1997)

The use of computational-model trained artificial neural networks to acquire damage specific information from electronic holograms is discussed. A neural network is trained to transform two time-average holograms into a pattern related to the bending-induced-strain distribution of the vibrating component. The bending distribution is very sensitive to component damage unlike the characteristic fringe pattern or the displacement amplitude distribution. The neural network processor is fast for real-time visualization of damage. The two-hologram limit makes the processor more robust to speckle pattern decorrelation. Undamaged and cracked cantilever plates serve as effective objects for testing the combination of electronic holography and neural-net processing. The requirements are discussed for using finite-element-model trained neural networks for field inspections of engine components. The paper specifically discusses neural-network fringe pattern analysis in the presence of the laser speckle effect and the performances of two limiting cases of the neural-net architecture.
A new simple model for land mobile satellite channels: first- and second-order statistics (2003)

We propose a new shadowed Rice (1948) model for land mobile satellite channels. In this model, the amplitude of the line-of-sight is characterized by the Nakagami distribution. The major advantage of the model is that it leads to closed-form and mathematically-tractable expressions for the fundamental channel statistics such as the envelope probability density function, moment generating function of the instantaneous power, and the level crossing rate. The model is very convenient for analytical and numerical performance prediction of complicated narrowband and wideband land mobile satellite systems, with different types of uncoded/coded modulations, with or without diversity. Comparison of the first- and the second-order statistics of the proposed model with different sets of published channel data demonstrates the flexibility of the new model in characterizing a variety of channel conditions and propagation mechanisms over satellite links. Interestingly, the proposed model provides a similar fit to the experimental data as the well-accepted Loo's (1985) model but with significantly less computational burden.
Regulatory Mechanisms in the Biosynthesis of Isoleucine and Valine III. Map Order of the Structural Genes and Operator Genes (1965)

Ramakrishnan, T. (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.), and Edward A. Adelberg. Regulatory mechanisms in the biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine. III. Map order of the structural genes and operator genes. J. Bacteriol. 89:661-664. 1965.-A new method has been employed to determine the map order of the structural genes and operator genes governing the enzymes of the isoleucine-valine biosynthetic pathway. This method relies on the observation that phage transduction of markers carried on an F-genote leads to the establishment in the recipient of F-genotes of various lengths. Using this method, we have established that the order of loci is the following: F/ilvE ilvD ilvA oprA/ilvC/ilvB oprB. The operator locus, oprA, regulates the activity of structural genes ilvE (transaminase B), ilvD (dehydrase), and ilvA (threonine deaminase). The operator locus, oprB, regulates the activity of ilvB (condensing enzyme). An operator for ilvC (reductoisomerase) can be inferred to exist, but has not yet been detected genetically. The loci ilvB and oprB have been shown to be at the extreme right end of the sequence, but their positions relative to each other remain to be established.
Real time data anomaly detection in operating engines by statistical smoothing technique (2012)

Time series temperature data from an industrial steam turbine are used in the present analysis to develop methodology for anomaly detection. Simple and exponential smoothing techniques are used to study the effectiveness of the technique for prediction considering different periods for analysis. The analysis of the lags between the predicted and observed data is performed using associated parameters like average deviation, root mean square deviation and split error. Exceedance test is also applied to the data set and the results obtained are found to be consistent and satisfactory in identifying sharp anomaly in the observed real time data.