gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thiol- and Thioether-Based Bifunctional Chelates for the {M(CO)<sub>3</sub>}<sup>+</sup> Core (M = Tc, Re) (2005)

By analogy to the recently described single amino acid chelate (SAAC) technology for complexation of the {M(CO)3}+ core (M = Tc, Re), a series of tridentate ligands containing thiolate and thioether groups, as well as amino and pyridyl nitrogen donors, have been prepared: (NC5H4CH2)2NCH2CH2SEt (L1); (NC5H4CH2)2NCH2CH2SH (L2); NC5H4CH2N(CH2CH2SH)2 (L3); (NC5H4CH2)N(CH2CH2SH)(CH2CO2R) [R = H (L4); R = -C2H5 (L5). The {Re(CO)3}+ core complexes of L1-L5 were prepared by the reaction of [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]Br or [NEt4]2[Re(CO)3Br3] with the appropriate ligand in methanol and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and in the case of [Re(CO)3(L2)] (Re-2) and [Re(CO)3(L1)Re(CO)3Br2] (Re-1a) by X-ray crystallography. The structure of Re-2 consists of discrete neutral monomers with a fac-Re(CO)3 coordination unit and the remaining coordination sites occupied by the amine, pyridyl, and thiolate donors of L2, leaving a pendant pyridyl arm. In contrast, the structure of Re-1a consists of discrete binuclear units, constructed from a {Re(CO)3(L1)}+ subunit linked to a {Re(CO)3Br2}- group through the sulfur donor of the pendant thioether arm. The series of complexes establishes that thiolate donors are effective ligands for the {M(CO)3}+ core and that a qualitative ordering of the coordination preferences of the core may be proposed: pyridyl nitrogen approximately thiolate > carboxylate > thioether sulfur > thiophene sulfur. The ligands L1 and L2 react cleanly with [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ in H2O/DMSO to give [99mTc(CO)3(L1)]+ (99m)Tc-1) and [99mTc(CO)3(L2)] (99mTc-2), respectively, in ca. 90% yield after HPLC purification. The Tc analogues 99mTc-1 and 99mTc-2 were subjected to ligand challenges by incubating each in the presence of 1000-fold excesses of both cysteine and histidine. The radiochromatograms showed greater than 95% recovery of the complexes.
Quantitative Somatosensory Testing of Warm and Heat-Pain Thresholds: The Effect of Body Region and Testing Method (2006)

The sensitivity to noxious heat is uniform across the body when measured with a reaction-time-free method (Method of Levels), but is greater in proximal than in distal regions, when measured with a reaction-time-dependent method (Method of Limits). Regardless of measuring method, the sensitivity to innocuous heat is not uniform across the body. It is concluded that the Method of Levels is preferred when heat-pain threshold is to be compared between body regions. For heat-pain threshold, within-patient comparisons can be made between each pair of regions tested. However, for warm sensation threshold, within-patient comparisons should be conducted between contralateral symmetrical regions.
Effect of Tetraethylthiuramdisulphide and Diethyldithiocarbamate on Nickel Toxicokinetics in Mice (1994)

A new experimental pharmacokinetic model using the gamma-emitting isotope 57Ni for studying nickel toxicokinetics was employed in a recent investigation (Nielsen et al. 1993) in order to quantitatively study, for the first time, the effect of tetraethylthiuram disulphide (disulfiram, Antabuse, TTD) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) on whole-body retention and organ distribution of nickel in mice. TTD or its decomposition product DDC given orally by stomach tube shortly after oral administration of a low dose of nickel chloride labelled with 57Ni resulted in an approximately ten times higher whole-body retention of nickel compared to the retention in a control group exposed to nickel only. These chelators increased the whole-body retention of nickel also when given by intraperitoneal injection shortly after oral or intraperitoneal administration of nickel. Oral administration of a single dose of TTD or DDC rapidly after an oral dose of nickel chloride also resulted in extensive changes in the organ distribution of nickel, thus the nickel content in the brain was at least 700 times higher than in a control group given the same dose of nickel only. If DDC was given intraperitoneally after nickel given orally, the relative organ distribution of nickel to most organs was the same as if the chelator was given orally, though the contents of the liver and lungs were lower. That TTD and DDC resulted in a transport of nickel to the brain, is underlined by the fact that after 20 hr, approximately 15% and after 45-50 hr, 30% of the total body burden of Ni was found in the brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Generation of sub-50 fs pulses from a high-power Yb-doped fiber amplifier (2009)

We demonstrate the generation of 48 fs pulses with 18 W average power and 226 nJ of pulse energy from a Yb-doped fiber amplifier. The system uses a simple stretcher-free single-stage amplifier configuration operating in the parabolic pulse regime. The gain fiber length and pump wavelength are chosen in order to reduce the gain per unit length and generate both shorter pulses and higher pulse energy.
Simple equations for π‐phase‐modulated Talbot illuminator (2001)

Abstract A π‐phase‐modulated Talbot illuminator means that there is a half‐period π phase modulation in the output array. We will show that, by using the rule of regularly rearranged neighboring‐phase difference, simple equations can be derived to describe the pure‐phase distributions and the pulse‐density increased phenomena in a π‐phase‐modulated Talbot illuminator. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 49–52, 2001.
Ectopic expression of <i>N</i> -acetylglucosaminyltransferase III in transgenic hepatocytes disrupts apolipoprotein B secretion and induces aberrant cellular morphology with lipid storage (1998)

N -Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) produces “bisecting-GlcNAc” and regulates the branching of N-glycans. GnT-III activity is elevated during hepatocarcinogenesis, which is in contrast to the undetectable level found in normal hepatocytes. To determine the biological significance of GnT-III in hepatocytes, transgenic mice that specifically express GnT-III in the liver were established and characterized. The transgenic hepatocytes had a swollen oval-like morphology, with many lipid droplets. Apolipoprotein B, which contained increased level of bisecting-GlcNAc accumulated in the transgenic hepatocytes. In the transgenic serum, triglycerides, the β- and pre-β-lipoprotein fractions, and apolipoprotein B100 were significantly decreased, compared with levels in nontransgenic serum. These abnormal phenotypes were more prominent in the mice with more copies of the transgene and a resulting high GnT-III activity. We demonstrate that aberrant glycosylation, as the direct result of the formation of bisecting-GlcNAc, disrupts the function of apolipoprotein B, leading to the generation of fatty liver. This observation suggests a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of fatty liver.
A Polar Transmitter With CMOS Programmable Hysteretic-Controlled Hybrid Switching Supply Modulator for Multistandard Applications (2009)

This paper presents the realization of a linear polar transmitter supporting multistandard applications. The harmonic-tuned class-AB biased (class-AB/F) power amplifier (PA) with the novel envelope shaping method linearly amplifies the input signal with high efficiency. The hybrid switching supply modulator with programmable hysteretic comparator enables the multimode operation whatever the envelope signal characteristics such as the peak-to-average power ratio and the bandwidth are. The designed polar transmitter is fabricated with CMOS 0.13-mum technology and InGaP/GaAs 2-mum HBT process for the supply modulator and the PA, respectively. For the IEEE 802.16e m-WiMax signal, it shows a power-added efficiency (PAE), an average output power (Pout), and a gain of 34.3%, 23.9 dBm, and 27.9 dB, respectively. Without any predistortion techniques, it satisfies the overall spectrum emission mask specifications. The relative constellation error and the error vector magnitude for the m-WiMax signal are -30.5 dB and 2.98%, respectively. For a WCDMA signal, it presents a PAE, a Pout, and a gain of 46%, 29 dBm, and 27.8 dB, respectively. For the EDGE signal, it delivers a PAE of 45.3% at a Pout of 27.8 dBm with a gain of 29.4 dB. There is about a 7% improvement of the overall PAE for EDGE through the optimum multimode operation.
Vector Competence of Egyptian Mosquitoes for Rift Valley Fever Virus (1996)

Reintroduction of Rift Valley fever (RVF) into Egypt in 1993 raised concerns about the potential for Egyptian mosquitoes to transmit the virus. We evaluated the ability of Aedes caspius, Culex pipiens, Cx. antennatus, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. poicilipes, and Anopheles pharoensis collected in the Aswan area and Cx. pipiens collected in the Nile Delta to transmit RVF virus. All mosquito species tested were susceptible to RVF virus infection, with An. pharoensis and Ae. caspius being the most sensitive to infection. However, none of 12 An. pharoensis, including 10 with a disseminated infection, transmitted RVF virus by bite. In contrast, nearly all Cx. pipiens (87%, n = 15) and Cx. perexiguus (90%, n = 10) with a disseminated infection transmitted virus. Overall transmission rates for mosquitoes exposed to hamsters with a viremia > or = 10(7) plaque-forming units/ml were Ae. caspius, 20% (n = 5); Cx. pipiens, 7% (n = 102); Cx. antennatus, 7% (n = 30); Cx. perexiguus, 11% (n = 9); and An. pharoensis, 0% (n = 7). Based on abundance, susceptibility to infection, ability to transmit virus, and feeding behavior, Ae. caspius appeared to be the most efficient vector of the Egyptian mosquitoes evaluated. While less susceptible than Ae. caspius, Cx. pipiens, Cx. antennatus, and Cx. perexiguus were also potential vectors during this RVF outbreak in Egypt.
The elastic properties of cancerous skin: Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus. (2004)

Defining the elastic properties of cancerous skin may become the first step in turning elasticity into a clinical tool. Correlating these constants with the histopathologic features of a cancerous tissue can contribute an additional non-invasive, in vivo and in vitro diagnostic tool.
<title>Characteristics of excimer-laser-annealed polysilicon films for application in polysilicon thin film transistor devices</title> (1997)

In this work we have investigated the crystallization of PECVD as-deposited amorphous silicon films by excimer laser anneal. A lambda-physik XeCl excimer laser was used to produce thin polysilicon films under a variety of operating conditions. The effect of process parameters, such as laser energy density, substrate temperature and annealing ambient was investigated with respect to the grain size and surface roughness of the crystallized films. It was found that annealing in rough vacuum, at a substrate temperature of 450 degrees C and with an energy density of 270mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> resulted in films with an average grain size of 0.5micrometers and surface roughness of 6nm. It was shown that by introducing a two-step anneal, the distribution of the grain size could be improved with a small compromise in the average grain size. The annealing ambient was shown to significantly affect the surface roughness of the films, with O<SUB>2</SUB>-rich environments generally promoting the development of roughness. Incorporation of a barrier layer under the annealed film was shown to increase the grain size and, tat the same time, improve the resistance of the substrate to laser-induced roughening.
QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF VERTEBRAL SPONGIOSA (1983)

We assessed serially the bone mineral loss in 37 premenopausal women for 24 months after oophorectomy and determined the dose-response for conjugated estrogen therapy in preventing this loss. Spinal cancellous bone was measured by quantitative computed tomography and measurement of appendicular cortical bone by radial photon absorptiometry and metacarpal radiogrammetry. For the placebo and low-dose treatment groups, the mean annual bone mineral losses were 7% to 9% from the vertebral spongiosum and 1% to 3% from the peripheral cortex. The correlation between axial and appendicular loss was weak (r = 0.581), precluding a reliable estimate of spinal loss from peripheral measurements. For the maximal-dose group (0.6 mg/d), the mean annual bone mineral losses were less than 0.5% from the axial and appendicular sites, and were not significant. The results indicate that spinal quantitative computed tomography provides a highly sensitive measurement of bone mineral loss after oophorectomy, that bone mineral loss is five- to sevenfold greater from the spinal spongiosum than from the appendicular cortex, and that conjugated estrogen in doses of less than 0.6 mg/d are inadequate to prevent the vertebral mineral loss.
A compact system for large-area thermal nanoimprint lithography using smart stamps (2008)

We present a simple apparatus for thermal nanoimprint lithography. In this work, the stamp is designed to significantly reduce the requirements for pressure application on the external imprint system. By MEMS-based processing, an air cavity inside the stamp is created, and the required pressure for successful imprint is reduced. Additionally, the stamp is capable of performing controlled demolding after imprint. Due to the complexity of the stamp, a compact and cost-effective imprint apparatus can be constructed. The design and fabrication of the advanced stamp as well as the simple imprint equipment is presented. Test imprints of micrometer- and nanometer-scale structures are performed and characterized with respect to uniformity across a large area (35 mm radius). State-of-the-art uniformity for µm-scale features is demonstrated.
Potential hypolipidemic agents. XVIII. Synthesis and lipid-lowering properties of 2-(dibenzothiophenoxy)-2-methylpropionates and related compounds. (1978)

Low noise amplifiers are ultimately limited in performance and power dissipation by parasitics introduced by the IC process. The important parasitics can be determined by investigating the tradeoffs between power, performance and the performance limits of simple building blocks. Most of these parasitics are related to the silicon substrate. Silicon-On-Anything is an IC technology in which the substrate is completely substituted by another material. The technology also includes an NPN device optimized specifically for low power RF. By adapting the LNA design methods, a reduction in power dissipation by one order of magnitude has already been demonstrated. Directions for further improvements are indicated.
New analogues of laminin active fragment YIGSR: synthesis and biological activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2003)

Eleven analogues of the laminin pentapeptide amide fragment Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg-NH2 (YIGSR-NH2) corresponding to a B1 chain fragment of the glycoprotein laminin have been synthesized by the solid phase method, and their biological activity has been studied in vitro by a cell adhesion assay: all of them inhibited the adhesion of LLC tumor cells to laminin. The analogues were found to be more resistant to enzymatic degradation in human serum than YIGSR-NH2 itself. Analogue DatIGSHar-NH2 was selected for an experimental pulmonary metastasis assay in vivo: it had higher antimetastatic activity than YIGSR-NH2.
Formation of Hollow Helicoids in Mesoporous Silica: Supramolecular Origami (1999)

Siliceous hollow helicoids (Archimedian screw shapes) with spiraling mesoscale channels are the result of a new way of controlling the growth and form of hexagonal mesoporous silica. These novel helicoids (see Figure) are produced when a patch of the hexagonal silicate liquid-crystal film contracts on hydrolytic polycondensation, triggering “roll-up”. A supramolecular Origami theoretical model is invoked to rationalize hollow helicoid formation.
Present status of attenuated live virus poliomyelitis vaccine. (1957)

• Various studies, summarized here, have established beyond doubt that immunization of humans by the oral route of administration not only is possible but has been successfully accomplished. Since attenuated strains of poliovirus were found to vary greatly in the extent of their residual neurotropism for the most sensitive lower motor neurons as well as in the homogeneity of their populations, the crucial problem was to find strains that were so highly attenuated and homogeneous that one would be justifed in using them in increasingly larger numbers of humans in those stepwise tests that must precede any trial of such a vaccine on a large scale. The finding of such strains after tests on the progeny of large numbers of individual virus particles is here described.
SYSTEMS STUDIES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS: APPENDIX III--AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM TRADE STUDIES (1981)

The concern of the Automated Highway Systems (AHS) studies is the analysis and evaluation of candidate system concepts to determine their practicality for deployment in the 1990 to 2000 year time frame. The focus of this document is to establish preferred Automated Highway System states and implementation plans through the trade analyses of selected system parameters. The results obtained from these analyses are used to determine whether significant advantages can result from modification of socio-political, economic, operational, and/or deployment parameters without unduly compromising the system measures. In essence, the trade studies are performed to establish the means to reduce costs and improve implementation by determining the sensitivity of the various measures and, subsequently, establishing a set of preferred trade-off states. The results of the trade studies are used as the basis for developing final recommendations for the selection of an AHS concept and implementation plan for system deployment. (FHWA)
RETRACTED ARTICLE: JNK confers 5-fluorouracil resistance in p53-deficient and mutant p53-expressing colon cancer cells by inducing survival autophagy (2014)

Deficiency or mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene commonly occurs in human cancer and can contribute to disease progression and chemotherapy resistance. Currently, although the pro-survival or pro-death effect of autophagy remains a controversial issue, increasing data seem to support the idea that autophagy facilitates cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy treatment. Here we report that 5-FU treatment causes aberrant autophagosome accumulation in HCT116 p53(-/-) and HT-29 cancer cells. Specific inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA, CQ or small interfering RNA treatment targeting Atg5 or Beclin 1 can potentiate the re-sensitization of these resistant cancer cells to 5-FU. In further analysis, we show that JNK activation and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 are key determinants in 5-FU-induced autophagy. Inhibition of JNK by the compound SP600125 or JNK siRNA suppressed autophagy and phosphorylation of c-Jun and Bcl-2 but increased 5-FU-induced apoptosis in both HCT116 p53(-/-) and HT29 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that JNK activation confers 5-FU resistance in HCT116 p53(-/-) and HT29 cells by promoting autophagy as a pro-survival effect, likely via inducing Bcl-2 phosphorylation. These results provide a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer patients harboring a p53 gene mutation.
The Comparative Neurotoxicity of Intrathecal Lidocaine and Bupivacaine in Rats (2005)

Bupivacaine induces less severe functional impairment and morphologic damage than lidocaine when the two anesthetics are intrathecally administered at equipotent concentrations in the rat.
Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Two-Dimensional WS<sub>2</sub> Nanolayers (2020)

With downscaling of device dimensions, two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as WS<sub>2</sub> are being considered as promising materials for future applications in nanoelectronics. However, at these nanoscale regimes, incorporating TMD layers in the device architecture with precise control of critical features is challenging using current top-down processing techniques. In this contribution, we pioneer the combination of two key avenues in atomic-scale processing: area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) and growth of 2D materials, and demonstrate bottom-up processing of 2D WS<sub>2</sub> nanolayers. Area-selective deposition of WS<sub>2</sub> nanolayers is enabled using an ABC-type plasma-enhanced ALD process involving acetylacetone (Hacac) as inhibitor (A), bis(<i>tert</i>-butylimido)-bis(dimethylamido)-tungsten as precursor (B), and H<sub>2</sub>S plasma as the co-reactant (C) at a low deposition temperature of 250 °C. The developed AS-ALD process results in the immediate growth of WS<sub>2</sub> on SiO<sub>2</sub> while effectively blocking growth on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as confirmed by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. As a proof of concept, the AS-ALD process is demonstrated on patterned Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> surfaces. The AS-ALD WS<sub>2</sub> films exhibited sharp Raman (<i>E</i> <sub>2<i>g</i></sub> <sup>1</sup> and <i>A</i> <sub>1g</sub>) peaks on SiO<sub>2</sub>, a fingerprint of crystalline WS<sub>2</sub> layers, upon annealing at temperatures within the thermal budget of semiconductor back-end-of-line processing (≤450 °C). Our AS-ALD process also allows selective growth on various TMDs and transition metal oxides while blocking growth on HfO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>. It is expected that this work will lay the foundation for area-selective ALD of other 2D materials.
USE OF EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS UREA FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN NORMAL AND UREMIC SUBJECTS. (1963)

Abstract If urea, under certain conditions, were used for protein synthesis, the possibility would exist that patients with azotemia could utilize their own urea for anabolic purposes. To investigate this hypothesis, nitrogen balance was studied in a volunteer and in a group of 8 patients with renal disease, 6 of whom were uremic. With the use of a synthetic diet containing essential amino acids in low quantity, it is shown that urea, either if given exogenously or if taken endogenously from waste nitrogen retained in uremia, is utilized for synthesis of nonessential amino acids. Treatment with Humatin, ∗ ∗Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich. an agent which is effective in suppressing intestinal flora, did not influence the use of urea for protein synthesis.
Gender Differences on Information Literacy of Science and Engineering Undergraduates (2012)

Information literacy (IL) forms the basis of lifelong learning and plays very important role for students majoring in science and engineering. As far as higher education concerned, gender differences to may influence students' academic achievements. In order to evaluate the gender differences on information literacy of undergraduates, we surveyed certain undergraduates using self-made questionnaire. The data of the survey was analyzed by SPSS. The findings of the study indicate that the gap of gender difference does exist in the sphere of information literacy. The result of t-test for two groups of male and female students shows significant difference in terms of mean scores obtained in information consciousness, information competency and information ethics tests.
Review of cellular mechanotransduction (2017)

Living cells and tissues experience physical forces and chemical stimuli in a human body. The process of converting mechanical forces into biochemical activities and gene expression is mechanochemical transduction or mechanotransduction. Significant advances have been made in understanding mechanotransduction at cellular and molecular levels over the last two decades. However, major challenges remain in elucidating how a living cell integrates signals from mechanotransduction with chemical signals to regulate gene expression and to generate coherent biological responses in living tissues in physiological conditions and diseases.