gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Comparison of Packaging Technologies for Power Electronics Modules (2006)

In this paper we present a comparison of the parasitics induced by the packaging structures in power electronic modules by means of numerical methods. The goals were to identify the critical substrate layouts and packaging components and to understand the mechanisms that affect the module's switching performance. The presented investigations compare the classical and widely used wire bonding technology with new area bonding techniques such as dimple array, metal post, and power overlay. Numerical analysis was done with a dedicated simulation platform based on a PEEC method solver and SPICE circuit simulations. A 1200 V/300 A IGBT module was used as a case study to illustrate the investigation results
An Assessment of Character-based Chinese News Filtering Using Latent Semantic Indexing (1998)

We assess the Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) approach to Chinese information filtering. In particular, the approach is for Chinese news filtering agents that use a character-based and hierarchical filtering scheme. The traditional vector space model is employed as an information filtering model, and each document is converted into a vector of weights of terms. Instead of using words as terms in the JR nominating tradition, terms refer to Chinese characters. LSI captures the semantic relationship between documents and Chinese characters. We use the Sin-gular-value Decomposition (SVD) technique to compress the term space into a lower dimension which achieves latent association between documents and terms. The results of experiments show that the recall and precision rates of Chinese news filtering using the character-based ap-proach incorporating the LSI technique are satisfactory.
Robust Energy and Reserve Dispatch Under Variable Renewable Generation (2014)

Global warming and environmental pollution concerns have promoted dramatic integrations of renewable energy sources all over the world. Associated with benefits of environmental conservation, essentially uncertain and variable characteristics of such energy resources significantly challenge the operation of power systems. In order to implement reliable and economical operations, a robust energy and reserve dispatch (RERD) model is proposed in this paper, in which the operating decisions are divided into pre-dispatch and re-dispatch. A robust feasibility constraint set is imposed on pre-dispatch variables, such that operation constraints can be recovered by adjusting re-dispatch after wind generation realizes. The model is extended to more general dispatch decision making problems involving uncertainties in the framework of adjustable robust optimization. By revealing the convexity of the robust feasibility constraint set, a comprehensive mixed integer linear programming based oracle is presented to verify the robust feasibility of pre-dispatch decisions. A cutting plane algorithm is established to solve associated optimization problems. The proposed model and method are applied to a five-bus system as well as a realistic provincial power grid in China. Numeric experiments demonstrate that the proposed methodology is effective and efficient.
Catalytic study of copper based catalysts for steam reforming of methanol (2004)

Im Rahmen meiner Promotion wurden die katalytischen Eigenschaften von kupferbasierten Katalysatoren für die Wasserstoff-Gewinnung aus Methanol untersucht. Die Katalysatoren wurden im Rahmen des gemeinsamen Projekts Nanochemie für eine zukünftige Automobiletechnik: Möglichkeit der Optimierung von kupferbasierten Katalysatoren für die on-board-Gewinnung von Wasserstoff aus Methanol auf verschiedenen Präparationswegen hergestellt. Das Projekt wird von ZEIT-Stiftung gefördert. Der kommerzielle Katalysator für das Steam-Reforming von Methanol ist der CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-Katalysator, der auch für die Methanolsynthese verwendet wird. Zwei wesentliche Nachteile dieses Katalysators sind die mangelnde Langzeitstabilität und die hohe Bildung von Kohlenmonoxid im Produkt, das hauptsächlich aus Wasserstoff und Kohlendioxid besteht. Es ist bekannt, dass Kohlenmonoxid ein Gift für die Pt-Elektrode in der Brennstoffzelle ist. Ein Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Bildung von CO bei der Nutzung des kommerziellen CuO/ZnOAl2O3 Katalysators, die als Grundlagen für die Entwicklung von neuen optimierten Reforming-Katalysatoren angewendet werden können. Es werden die katalytischen Eigenschaften von Cu/ZrO2-Katalysatoren untersucht, die nach verschiedenen Methoden (Fällung, mesoporöses Trägermaterial, makroporöses Trägermaterial) hergestellt wurden. Zum Vergleich wurde der kommerzielle CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-Katalysator herangezogen. Diese Arbeit gliedert sich in 3 wesentliche Abschnitte. Der erste Teil der Arbeit beinhaltet die ausführliche Untersuchung der CO-Bildung am kommerziellen CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-Katalysator und die Ermittlung von kinetischen Parametern. Es wird in der Literatur postuliert, dass die Bildung von CO durch die Spaltung von Methanol erfolgt und mit Wasser in der sogenannten Wassergas-Shift-Reaktion zu Kohlendioxid und Wasserstoff weiter reagiert. Die Ergebnisse der Experimente zeigen, dass die CO-Konzentration im Produktstrom mit zunehmender Verweilzeit in sigmoidaler Form zunimmt. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass CO in einer Folgereaktion gebildet wird. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse konnten mit einem kinetischen Modell mit guter Genauigkeit beschrieben werden, das reversible Methanol Steam-Reforming und die reverse Wassergas-Shift-Reaktion berücksichtigt. Es kann auch gezeigt werden, dass die CO-Bildung im Produktstrom durch Stofftransport-Limitierung im Katalysator beeinflusst werden kann. Je größer die Stofftransport-Hemmung in dem Partikel des Katalysators ist, desto größer ist die CO-Konzentration im Produkt. Da CO als Folgeprodukt in der reversen Wassergas-Shift-Reaktion gebildet wird, besteht die Möglichkeit, die CO-Bildung mit Hilfe einer geeigneten technischen Reaktionsführung zu unterdrücken.
Iron deprivation increases erythropoietin production <i>in vitro</i>, in normal subjects and patients with malignancy (1996)

Although tissue hypoxia is the major stimulus for erythropoietin (EPO) production, serum EPO (sEPO) levels at any given Hb in iron-deficiency anaemia are relatively higher than in other anaemias. Iron chelators stimulate erythropoiesis in anaemia of chronic disease via unknown mechanisms. A recent study suggested that deferoxamine (DFO) regulates steady-state EPO RNA. Here we report that altered intracellular iron balance regulates EPO production both in vitro and in two unique clinical trials. In vitro, both iron chelation with DFO and blockade of Tf-mediated iron uptake with anti-Tf receptor antibody 42/6, stimulated EPO production in serum-deprived hepatoma cells. Conversely, iron repletion by haemin, inhibited EPO production in these cells. In clinical studies, sEPO levels rose in adult volunteers treated with DFO coupled to hydroxyethyl starch (HES-DFO) and in patients with advanced malignancy treated with anti-Tf receptor antibody 42/6, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These studies indicate intracellular iron balance regulates EPO production in humans.
A Xenopus ribosomal protein S6 kinase has two apparent kinase domains that are each similar to distinct protein kinases. (1988)

We report the molecular cloning of cDNAs for S6 kinase II (S6KII) mRNAs present in Xenopus ovarian tissue. Two cDNAs were isolated by hybridization to oligonucleotide probes designed to encode tryptic peptides isolated from S6KII. The two cDNAs show 91% sequence similarity to each other. These two cDNAs predict proteins of 733 (S6KII alpha) and 629 (S6KII beta) amino acids that show 95% sequence similarity over the 629 amino acids where they are colinear. Amino acids 44-733 of S6KII alpha were expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was used to raise antiserum in rabbits. This antiserum reacted with authentic S6KII prepared from Xenopus eggs. This interaction was specifically blocked by the recombinant protein from E. coli. The sequences of S6KII alpha and -beta predict four tryptic peptides whose sequences are identical to four peptides isolated from a tryptic digest of S6KII. The S6KII proteins have a very unusual structure when compared with previously studied protein kinases. They contain two apparent kinase domains, each similar to distinct protein kinases. The amino-terminal 366 amino acids show high sequence similarity to the regions of protein kinase C, the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase that contain the sites for ATP binding and are believed to be the catalytic centers for phosphotransferase activity. The remainder of the S6 kinase molecule shows high sequence similarity to the ATP-binding and presumed catalytic domain of the catalytic subunit of phosphorylase b kinase.
Addition of hyaluronidase to lignocaine with adrenaline for retrobulbar anaesthesia in the surgery of senile cataract. (1988)

A double-blind trial demonstrates the effectiveness of adding hyaluronidase to lignocaine with adrenaline in producing ocular akinesia and anaesthesia in retrobulbar nerve blocks. 92% of the blocks in which hyaluronidase was used for intracapsular cataract surgery were judged successful compared with 56% of those without added hyaluronidase (p less than 0.01).
Targeted Gene Deletion Demonstrates that Cell Adhesion Molecule ICAM-4 is Critical for \nErythroblastic Island Formation (2006)

Erythroid progenitors differentiate in erythroblastic islands, bone marrow niches composed of erythroblasts surrounding a central macrophage. Evidence suggests that within islands adhesive interactions regulate erythropoiesis and apoptosis. We are exploring whether erythroid intercellular adhesion molecule-4 (ICAM-4), an immunoglobulin superfamily member, participates in island formation. Earlier, we identified alpha V integrins as ICAM-4 counterreceptors. Since macrophages express alpha V, ICAM-4 potentially mediates island attachments. To test this, we generated ICAM-4 knockout mice and developed quantitative, live cell techniques for harvesting intact islands and for reforming islands in vitro. We observed a 47 percent decrease in islands reconstituted from ICAM-4 null marrow compared to wild type. We also found a striking decrease in islands formed in vivo in knockout mice. Further, peptides that block ICAM-4 alpha V adhesion pro duced a 53-57 percent decrease in reconstituted islands, strongly suggesting that ICAM-4 binding to macrophage alpha V functions in island integrity. Importantly, we documented that alpha V integrin is expressed in macrophages isolated from erythro blastic islands. Collectively, these data provide convincing evidence that ICAM-4 is critical in erythroblastic island formation via ICAM-4/alpha V adhesion and also demonstrate that the novel experimental strategies we developed will be valuable in exploring molecular mechanisms of erythroblastic island formation and their functional role in regulating erythropoiesis.
Microvascular fluid exchange and the revised Starling principle (2010)

Microvascular fluid exchange (flow J(v)) underlies plasma/interstitial fluid (ISF) balance and oedematous swelling. The traditional form of Starling's principle has to be modified in light of insights into the role of ISF pressures and the recognition of the glycocalyx as the semipermeable layer of endothelium. Sum-of-forces evidence and direct observations show that microvascular absorption is transient in most tissues; slight filtration prevails in the steady state, even in venules. This is due in part to the inverse relation between filtration rate and ISF plasma protein concentration; ISF colloid osmotic pressure (COP) rises as J(v) falls. In some specialized regions (e.g. kidney, intestinal mucosa), fluid absorption is sustained by local epithelial secretions, which flush interstitial plasma proteins into the lymphatic system. The low rate of filtration and lymph formation in most tissues can be explained by standing plasma protein gradients within the intercellular cleft of continuous capillaries (glycocalyx model) and around fenestrations. Narrow breaks in the junctional strands of the cleft create high local outward fluid velocities, which cause a disequilibrium between the subglycocalyx space COP and ISF COP. Recent experiments confirm that the effect of ISF COP on J(v) is much less than predicted by the conventional Starling principle, in agreement with modern models. Using a two-pore system model, we also explore how relatively small increases in large pore numbers dramatically increase J(v) during acute inflammation.
Automatic reasoner selection using machine learning (2012)

The ability to draw logical conclusions in ontologies from explicitly given axioms and facts is one of the key advantages of using semantic technologies. Based on the W3C recommendation of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) a variety of reasoners have been developed for this task. Different language profiles, reasoning algorithms, and special-purpose optimisation techniques have brought up reasoners with various strengths and weaknesses. Selecting the most suitable reasoner for a given reasoning scenario thus is a challenge. This paper presents an automatic reasoner selection approach based on machine learning techniques. The most important ontology and query features are identified and used for learning a model that can be used to predict the best performing reasoner for a given request. The approach is implemented as a strategy in a reasoning broker framework called HERAKLES. Using a training set consisting of 187 real-world ontologies found on the Internet, we evaluated four different machine learning techniques. The results show that a machine learning based reasoner selection strategy can predict the best performing reasoner for a given reasoning request with more than 77% accuracy.
Effects of high frequency loading on RANKL and OPG mRNA expression in ST-2 murine stromal cells (2009)

Although high frequency OFF does not appear to further enhance the decrease in the RANKL/OPG ratio, these results suggest a potential to differentially control the change in either RANKL or OPG mRNA expression by applying different loading frequencies.
Indexing as Problem Solving: A Cognitive Approach to Consistency. (1995)

Indexers differ in their judgment as to which terms reflect adequately the content of a document. Studies on interindexers &apos; consistency identified several factors associated with low consistency, but failed to provide a comprehensive model of this phenomenon. Our research applies theories and methods from cognitive psychology to the study of indexing behavior. From a theoritical standpoint, indexing is considered as a problem solving situation. To access to the cognitive processes of indexers, three kinds of verbal reports are used. We will present results of an experiment in which four experienced indexers indexed the same documents. It will be shown that the three kinds of verbal reports provide complementary data on strategic behavior, and that it is of prime importance to consider the indexing task as an ill-defined problem, where the solution is partly defined by the indexer him(her)self. Résumé Afin de mieux cerner l&apos;origine des différences relevées par les études sur la cohérence inter-indexeurs, nous adjoignons les théories et méthodes issues de la psychologie cognitive (spécifiquement celles qui considèrent une tâche comme une situation de résolution de problème) à l&apos;étude des processus cognitifs impliqués lors de l&apos;indexation. Cette approche permet d&apos;identifier les stratégies cognitives élaborées et utilisées par les indexeurs. Afin d&apos;avoir accès à leurs processus cognitifs, trois types de verbalisations sont recueillis. Nous présenterons les résultats d&apos;une expérimentation pour laquelle quatre indexeurs expérimentés ont analysé les mêmes documents. Les résultats avancés démontreront la complémentarité des données issues des trois types de verbalisations et l&apos;importance de considérer l&apos;indexation en tant que problème mal- défini; la solution étant définie en partie par l&apos;indexeur.
Preparation and Crystallization Process of the High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconducting Phase (T<sub>c</sub>(end)>100 K) in Bi, Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Glass-Ceramics (1989)

A high- T c superconducting phase ( T c (end)>100 K) in Bi, Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O glass-ceramics was prepared by conventional melt-quenching and annealing techniques. No crystalline phase could be detected in the as-quenched specimens, but annealing for crystallization was necessary to observe the superconducting transition. This report investigates the appropriate amount of PbO in the starting materials for observing the high- T c phase and crystallization process. The highest T c (onset) and T c (end) were 120 K and 102 K, respectively.
Protonation of polyaniline with lightly sulfonated polystyrene (1996)

Abstract Protonation of polyaniline base with lightly sulfonated polystyrene in polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone was investigated by UV‐Vis absorption spectra. As the molar ratio of sulfonated polystyrene/polyaniline increases, the conversion from polyaniline base form to salt form is observed owing to increased protonation. The isosbestic point clearly shows that quinoid unit and semiquinoid unit are in equilibrium. They are functions of the sulfonic acid concentration and solvent media.
The Scottish economy [March 1999] (1999)

This section presents long and short term forecasts for the quarterly growth rates of Scottish manufacturing (Division D of the 1992 SIC) output.
Synthesis of Organometallic Compounds: A Practical Guide (1997)

Synthesis of organometallic compounds: a practical guide , Synthesis of organometallic compounds: a practical guide , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Thermal-Aware SoC Test Scheduling with Test Set Partitioning and Interleaving (2006)

High temperature has become a major problem for system-on-chip testing. In order to reduce the test time while keeping the temperature of the chip under test within a safe range, a thermal-aware test scheduling technique is required. This paper presents an approach to minimize the test time and, at the same time, prevent the temperature of cores under test going over the given upper limit. We employ test set partitioning to divide test sets into shorter test sequences, and add cooling spans between test sequences, so that overheating can be avoided. Moreover, test sequences from different test sets are interleaved, in order to utilize the cooling spans and the test bus bandwidth for test data transportation, hence the total test time is reduced. The test scheduling problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem, and we use constraint logic programming to solve it in order to obtain the optimal solution. Experimental results have shown the efficiency of the proposed approach
The standard diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of gastrointestinal stromal tumors based on guidelines (2015)

Although gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a rare type of cancer, they are the commonest sarcoma in the gastrointestinal tract. Molecularly targeted therapy, such as imatinib therapy, has revolutionized the treatment of advanced GIST and facilitates scientific research on GIST. Nevertheless, surgery remains a mainstay of treatment to obtain a permanent cure for GIST even in the era of targeted therapy. Many GIST guidelines have been published to guide the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. We review current versions of GIST guidelines published by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, by the European Society for Medical Oncology, and in Japan. All clinical practice guidelines for GIST include recommendations based on evidence as well as on expert consensus. Most of the content is very similar, as represented by the following examples: GIST is a heterogeneous disease that may have mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, HRAS, NRAS, BRAF, NF1, or the succinate dehydrogenase complex, and these subsets of tumors have several distinctive features. Although there are some minor differences among the guidelines--for example, in the dose of imatinib recommended for exon 9-mutated GIST or the efficacy of antigen retrieval via immunohistochemistry--their common objectives regarding diagnosis and treatment are not only to improve the diagnosis of GIST and the prognosis of patients but also to control medical costs. This review describes the current standard diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of GISTs based on the recommendations of several guidelines and expert consensus.
Quantum Imaging (2007)

This talk will give an overview of Quantum Imaging, a new branch of the modern quantum optics which has been very rapidly developing during the last few years. Several directions in quantum Imaging will be discussed, such as generation of multimode squeezed states, noiseless image amplification, quantum super-resolution, etc.
Discriminated selection among viral peptides with the appropriate anchor residues: implications for the size of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte repertoire and control of viral infection (1995)

Structural characterization of peptides restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules has identified residues critical for MHC class I binding and for T-cell receptor recognition. For example, optimal peptides fitting into the murine MHC class I Db groove are 9 to 11 amino acids long and require as MHC anchor residues an Asn (N) at position 5 and also either a hydrophobic residue, a Met (M) or a Cys (C), at the carboxy terminus. The three known Db-restricted peptides of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are glycoproteins GP1 (amino acids [aa] 33 KAVYNFATC), GP2 (aa 276 SGVENPGGYCL), and nucleoprotein NP (aa 396 FQPQNGQFI). In addition to these two GP and one NP peptides, computer search revealed 11 other GP peptide sequences and 20 additional NP sequences that contained the Db binding motif. By Db competitive binding analysis, only two of these 11 GP peptides and 1 of these 20 NP peptides bound to the MHC Db molecule with an affinity equivalent to the measured affinities for the three known GP1, GP2, and NP cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. No CTL specific for these three peptides were generated when H-2b mice were inoculated with viral variants in which either the two known GP epitopes (GP1 and GP2; termed GPV) or the GPV and NP epitopes (termed GPV + NPV) were mutated. However, a novel CD8+ anti-LCMV CTL response ordinarily not seen in H-2b mice inoculated with wild-type virus was noted when such mice were inoculated with the GPV + NPV-mutated variant. This result indicates that (i) despite large numbers of peptides containing the appropriate anchor residues within a viral protein, only a restricted number induce CTL, thereby maintaining a limited CTL repertoire, (ii) despite the limited repertoire, the immune system retains the flexibility to generate an immune response(s) to a previously silent protein(s), suggesting a hierarchial control mechanism, and (iii) identification of a primary amino acid sequence is not sufficient, per se, to predict CTL epitopes, and peptide conformations are likely more complex than indicated by simple linear sequence comparisons.
Burst-mode gain switched technique for high peak and average optical energy extraction (1989)

The optical performance of a cw PIE CO(2) laser has been substantially improved through the adoption of a burst-mode gain switching technique. The approach has provided a doubling of the average beam power extractable from the device. With appropriate optimization, the process could possibly permit the attainment of pulsed energy extraction in the kilohertz range, and with average optical powers within the several tens of kilowatt category.