gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Accept in Ultimatum Games: Evidence from an Experimental Design that Generates Low Offers (2000)

Abstract Focusing on responder behavior, we report panel data findings from both low and high stakes ultimatum bargaining games. Whereas Slonim and Roth (1998) find that offers are rejected fairly equally across rounds in both low and high stakes games, we find that learning does take place, but only when there is sufficient money on the table. The disparate results can be reconciled when one considers the added power that our experimental design provides-detecting subtle temporal differences in responder behavior requires a data generation process that induces a significant number of proportionally low offers.
Coiled Tubing Extended Reach Technology (1995)

Abstract Coiled Tubing is used increasingly to service highly deviated and horizontal well. A limitation or horizontal displacement occurs because of the frictional forces between the coiled tubing string and borehole while running in coiled tubing. This causes helical buckling and can lead to lockup of the coiled tubing string, thereby limiting reach. This paper will address the various techniques currently in use and propose new techniques to achieve additional reach. The topics that will be discussed are buoyancy reduction, friction reducers, optimal taper and pipe size of coiled tubing, straightening coiled tubing, downhole tractor simulation, flowing fluid, and pumpdown. A tubing forces model has been developed that models these techniques. Results showing additional reach attained will be presented in the form of the surface weight prediction for commercial and conceptual wells.
Protamine-Induced Condensation and Decondensation of the Same DNA Molecule (1999)

The DNA in sperm and certain viruses is condensed by arginine-rich proteins into toroidal subunits, a form of packaging that inactivates their entire genome. Individual DNA molecules were manipulated with an optical trap to examine the kinetics of torus formation induced by the binding of protamine and a subset of its DNA binding domain, Arg 6 . Condensation and decondensation experiments with λ-phage DNA show that toroid formation and stability are influenced by the number of arginine-rich anchoring domains in protamine. The results explain why protamines contain so much arginine and suggest that these proteins must be actively removed from sperm chromatin after fertilization.
Adipose tissue and its role in organ crosstalk (2014)

The discovery of adipokines has revealed adipose tissue as a central node in the interorgan crosstalk network, which mediates the regulation of multiple organs and tissues. Adipose tissue is a true endocrine organ that produces and secretes a wide range of mediators regulating adipose tissue function in an auto-/paracrine manner and important distant targets, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, the pancreas and the cardiovascular system. In metabolic disorders such as obesity, enlargement of adipocytes leads to adipose tissue dysfunction and a shift in the secretory profile with an increased release of pro-inflammatory adipokines. Adipose tissue dysfunction has a central role in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Besides the well-acknowledged role of adipokines in metabolic diseases, and the increasing number of adipokines being discovered in the last years, the mechanisms underlying the release of many adipokines from adipose tissue remain largely unknown. To combat metabolic diseases, it is crucial to better understand how adipokines can modulate adipose tissue growth and function. Therefore, we will focus on adipokines with a prominent role in auto-/paracrine crosstalk within the adipose tissue such as RBP4, HO-1, WISP2, SFRPs and chemerin. To depict the endocrine crosstalk between adipose tissue with skeletal muscle, the cardiovascular system and the pancreas, we will report the main findings regarding the direct effects of adiponectin, leptin, DPP4 and visfatin on skeletal muscle insulin resistance, cardiovascular function and β-cell growth and function.
A three-phase 10 kVAC-750 VDC power electronic transformer for smart distribution grid (2013)

In this paper, a power electronic transformer (PET) topology for distribution grid is presented based on modular multilevel converter (MMC). The presented topology is of three-phase type and have two dc voltage terminals, i.e. the high-voltage dc terminal and the low-voltage dc terminal. So, it can be connected directly to high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems and renewable energy systems simultaneously. This feature makes it possible to perform as an “energy router” in smart grids. What is more important, the proposed PET can substantially reduce (by 44.4% for the studied case) the number of medium frequency transformers (MFTs), compared with the existing solutions. Computer simulation and experimental results on a 10 kV prototype show validity of this PET.
Realtime lighting manipulation in color via lookup tables (1984)

Proceedings of the Graphics Interface '84, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 28 May - 1 June 1984, 173-177
Ovulation Inhibition with 17β‐Estradiol Cyclo‐Octyl Acetate and Desogestrel (1987)

Ovulation inhibition and bleeding control with a combination of 0.5 mg 17 beta-estradiol cyclo-octyl acetate (E2COA) and 0.15 mg desogestrel was investigated in 10 regularly menstruating women for 21 days. In half the group the treatment was extended for 7 days (days 22-28) with 0.03 mg desogestrel in order to evaluate any posttreatment influence on the gonadotropin levels. E2COA, beeing a long-chain fatty ester dissolved in oil, was expected to be resorbed from the intestinal wall via the lymphatic system. By incorporating it in the chylomicrons, E2COA would thereby avoid the unfavourable first liver pass. The serum levels of progesterone were suppressed during treatment. No increase in 17 beta-estradiol (E2) concentration was found; levels remained low and even during medication. No peak values of gonadotropins were seen. Thus follicular hormonal activity and ovulation was inhibited by this combination. Bleeding control was, however unacceptable in all volunteers. The addition of desogestrel during the fourth investigation week apparently did not induce any hormonal differences. The estrogenic activity is shown by the low, even S-E2 levels, but the dosage of E2COA seems to be too low in relation to progestogen dosage. Further studies will have to be performed in order to find the ideal combination.
Isolation and characterization of an active mannanase-producing anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium tertiumKT-5A, from lotus soil (1998)

Of 10 strains of mannanase-producing anaerobic bacteria isolated from soils and methanogenic sludges, Clostridium tertium KT-5A, which was isolated from lotus soil, produced high amounts of extracellular beta-1,4-mannanase. The isolate was an aerotolerant anaerobe without quinon systems; the cell growth cultivated with no addition of reducing agents was also stable. High yields of mannanase were obtained by inducing enzyme production with galactomannan guar gum and beef extract/peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Fermentation end products on galactomannan fermentation were formate, acetate, lactate, butyrate, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The extracellular mannanase displayed high activity on galactomannans of locust bean gum galactose/mannose (G/M) ratio 1:4 and spino gum (G/M 1:3), but weak activity on guar gum galactomannan (G/M 1:2) and konjac glucomannan. As far as is known, this is the first report on the isolation of an active mannanase-producing anaerobic bacterium from natural environments.
A Network of Automatic Control Web-Based Laboratories (2010)

This article presents an innovative project in the context of remote experimentation applied to control engineering education. Specifically, the authors describe their experience regarding the analysis, design, development, and exploitation of web-based technologies within the scope of automatic control. This work is part of an inter-university project known as AutomatL@bs, in which seven Spanish universities joined efforts to share their experimentation resources across the Internet. The paper begins by providing a background of how the development of virtual and remote control labs with pedagogical perspectives should be addressed. In particular, we present examples of remote labs developed by two of the university groups taking part in AutomatL@bs. We then present the automatic booking system that manages the access of users to each laboratory's didactical setup. Next, we show the integration process of every component into a Learning Management System (LMS). Finally, an overall system assessment of the students' perception of the quality of the experimental environment as a learning tool is analyzed.
Intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight relationship for chitosan (2000)

The intrinsic viscosity–molecular weight relationship for chitosan was determined in 0.25 M acetic acid/0.25M sodium acetate. Chitosan samples with a degree of acetylation (DA) between 20 and 26% were prepared from shrimp-shell chitosan by acid hydrolysis (HCl) and oxidative fragmentation (NaNO2). Absolute molecular weights were measured by light scattering and membrane osmometry. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to determine average molecular weights (Mn, Mv, and Mw) and polydispersity. The following Mark–Houwink–Sakurada equation (MHS) is proposed for chitosan of Mw in the range of 35–2220 kDa: The value of the MHS exponent a suggests that chitosan behaves as a flexible chain in this solvent. Examination of MHS constants obtained in this work and those available in the literature with other solvents indicates that a and K are inversely related and that they are influenced by DA, and pH and ionic strength of the solvent. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2591–2598, 2000
Structural basis for the specificity of antibody–antigen reactions and structural mechanisms for the diversification of antigen-binding specificities (1977)

The ability of an organism to cope with foreign substances (antigens) depends in part on its capacity to synthesize antibodies (immunoglobulins) of the proper binding specificity to recognize and combine with these antigens. In view of the great variety of possible antigens, antibodies, or more specifically their combining sites, display considerable variation and possess structural properties such as to enable them to bind the antigenic determinants. A vast amount of immunoglobulin sequence data has become available and the three-dimensional structures of a number of immunoglobulin fragments have been elucidated. With these results we can now begin to understand the structural aspects of antibody–antigen reactions. The crystallographic results and the sequence data have been reviewed elsewhere (Capra & Kehoe, 1975; Davies, Padlan & Segal 1975 a, b ; Gally, 1973; Kabat, 1976; Nisonoff, Hopper & Spring, 1975; Poljak, 1975 a, b ). Here, an attempt is made to interpret these structural data in terms of the structural evolution of the antibody combining site and the structural basis for the specificity of the binding of antibody to antigen. First, the pertinent crystallographic and sequence data will be presented. Next, the structural studies which reveal the complementarity between antibody and ligand will be described. Then, structural mechanisms by which different combining site structures could be generated will be reviewed.
Extremely High Frequency (EHF) Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) communication applications (1990)

A Commander-in-Chief U.S. Pacific Fleet letter to the Chief of Naval Operations, dated September 12, 1989, contains a Command and Control Studies and Analysis Program (C2STAP) proposal for EHF line-of-sight communications. The purpose of this thesis is to address several of the issues raised by the C2STAP proposal by providing: an analysis of the inherent advantages and disadvantages of communications in the EHF spectrum, an analysis of the current and projected future state of EHF technology with respect to potential military applications, a link analysis of an EHF LPI communications link in a specific tactical scenario, and a recommendation to upgrade the Integrated Refractive Effects Prediction System (IREPS) in order to provide an EHF LPI link assessment capability. Although many other applications are referred to, the primary purpose of this thesis is to assess the feasibility, practicality, and tactical benefit of EHF communication systems. Theses.
Synthesis and X‐ray crystal structure study of the hydroxyurea and hydantoin derivatives of <scp>l</scp>‐valine (2005)

The novel hydroxyurea 5 derivative of L-valine was prepared by aminolysis of N-(1-benzotriazolecarbonyl)-L-valine cyclohexanemethylamide 4 with hydroxylamine. The corresponding hydantoin derivative 6 was synthesized by base catalyzed cyclization of the amide 4. The exact stereostructure of hydantoin derivative 6 has been determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The chiral atom of the hydantoin ring in 6 has S configuration what is in agreement with its configuration in the starting L-valine. The molecules of 6 are joined into infinite chains by N-H...O intermolecular hydrogen bond. The infinite chains are additionally linked by two C-H...O hydrogen bonds, thus forming two-dimensional network. The hydantoin derivative of L-valine 6 and its L-leucine analogue LH have similar packing arrangements, so they are homostructural.
Computerized Segmentation and Classification of Breast Lesions Using Perfusion Volume Fractions in Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI (2008)

This study is designed to segment suspicious regions using automatic computerized procedures and to classify kinetic patterns using commercially available three-time-points (3TP) method of computer- aided diagnosis. A novel evaluation method using perfusion volume fractions is introduced for examining meaningful kinetic features in differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions. Dynamic contrast- enhanced MRI was applied to 24 lesions (12 malignant, 12 benign). Thresholding for suspicious regions, region growing segmentation, hole-filling and 3D morphological erosion and dilation were performed for extracting final lesion volume. The lesion sphericity and center distance of mass to surface area ratio (CDMSAR) were considered in the process of automatic segmentation. The kinetic patterns for each lesion were classified into six classes by the 3TP method. Perfusion volume fraction for each class was calculated in three partitions of whole, rim and core volumes of a lesion. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed using the perfusion volume fractions. When using perfusion volume fractions divided into rim and core lesion volume, the classes having more improved accuracy appeared than using perfusion volume fractions within whole lesion volume. This result indicates that lesion classification using local perfusion volume fractions is helpful in selecting meaningful kinetic patterns for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions.
Oxidative Stress and Ageing: The Influence of Environmental Pollution, Sunlight and Diet on Skin (2017)

Skin ageing is a complex process that is determined by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which leads to a progressive loss of structure and function. There is extensive evidence indicating that oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species plays an important role in the process of human skin ageing. Mitochondria are the major source of cellular oxidative stress and are widely implicated in cutaneous ageing. Extrinsic skin ageing is driven to a large extent by environmental factors and external stressors such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), pollution and lifestyle factors which have been shown to stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species and generate oxidative stress. The oxidative damage from these exogenous sources can impair skin structure and function, leading to the phenotypic features of extrinsic skin ageing. The following review highlights the current evidence surrounding the role of mitochondria and oxidative stress in the ageing process and the influence of environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation, pollution and diet on skin ageing.
Hashing-Based-Estimators for Kernel Density in High Dimensions (2018)

Given a set of points $P\subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$ and a kernel $k$, the Kernel Density Estimate at a point $x\in\mathbb{R}^{d}$ is defined as $\mathrm{KDE}_{P}(x)=\frac{1}{|P|}\sum_{y\in P} k(x,y)$. We study the problem of designing a data structure that given a data set $P$ and a kernel function, returns *approximations to the kernel density* of a query point in *sublinear time*. We introduce a class of unbiased estimators for kernel density implemented through locality-sensitive hashing, and give general theorems bounding the variance of such estimators. These estimators give rise to efficient data structures for estimating the kernel density in high dimensions for a variety of commonly used kernels. Our work is the first to provide data-structures with theoretical guarantees that improve upon simple random sampling in high dimensions.
Overexpression of Far Upstream Element Binding Proteins (2009)

The coordinated activation of FBP-1 and FBP-2 represents a novel and frequent pro-tumorigenic mechanism promoting proliferation (tumor growth) and motility (dissemination) of human liver cancer cells. FBPs promote tumor-relevant functions by at least partly employing the microtubule-destabilizing factor stathmin and represent a new potential target structure for HCC treatment.
Kerr Effect in Substituted Aromatic Nitro Compounds (1970)

A method for the determination of Kerr constants of liquids is described. The effects of adding or substituting other groups into the aromatic ring of nitrobenzene are reported. The effectiveness of increasing molecular asymmetry on the Kerr effect in a series of compounds is also noted. The most effective material measured was a 1 molar solution of 2,5-dimethoxy-4′-nitro-stilbene in nitrobenzene. This solution has a Kerr constant almost eight times that of pure nitrobenzene.
Long-term management of a case of carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency using ketanalogues and hydroxyanalogues of essential amino acids. (1976)

A 13-year-old girl with congenital deficiency of carbamyl phosphate synthetase has been treated intermittently for one year with a restricted protein diet supplemented by various mixtures of the alpha-ketoanalogues of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine, the D,L-alpha-hydroxyanalogue of methionine, and five amino acids (lysine, arginine, histidine, threonine and tryptophan). Numerous adjustments in the composition of this mixture were made. Eventually normal levels of plasma ammonia and most amino acids were achieved, with three exceptions: slightly increased glutamine, pronounced alloisoleucinemia, and persistently low phenylalanine. Alloisoleucine was shown not to be incorporated into plasma protein and not to be excreted in the urine; hence this abnormality was viewed as being clinically insiginificant. Hypophenylalaninemia was unexplained, and failed to respond to increased phenylpyruvate dosage or phenylalanine itself; renal clearance of phenylalanine was high but could not account for the low plasma level. Compared to the pretreatment period her clinical status has improved markedly. Physical and mental development has continued at the same rate. Temporary withdrawal of the supplements led to prompt increases in plasma ammonia, glutamine, and alanine. We conclude that this therapy provides safe and effective long-term management for this patient's disorder and may be useful in other cases of congenital hyperammonemia.
Latex Compounding of GR-S (1944)

Abstract The more important findings in this study can be summarized as follows. (1) A satisfactory technique has been worked out for compounding GR-S in latex form, either with carbon alone or with carbon plus the other compounding ingredients. (2) Latex compounding of GR-S results in notable improvements in stress-strain properties. (3) Latex compounding of GR-S results in outstanding improvements in heat resistance properties, without any loss in rebound. (4) Latex compounding of GR-S results in lower modulus, higher elongation and higher subpermanent set. The increased set is significant, since it is accompanied by maintained rebound. Besides giving improved quality, latex compounding offers practical advantages and possibilities. These are listed below: (1) Latex compounding makes possible a reduction in the total milling time. This saving amounts to at least 10 per cent for carbon latex compounds and up to 50 per cent for complete latex compounds. The mixing time normally required in the Banbury is certainly not required. (2) Latex compounding makes possible cooler handling of the GR-S. Since the carbon is added to the latex at room temperature, no high temperatures are involved during its incorporation as in Banbury mixing. (3) Latex compounding makes possible cleaner handling of carbon, since it is added to the latex and is, therefore, mixed in the rubber before milling. If desired, the handling of carbon black could thus be transferred in toto to the polymer plants. This offers some interesting possibilities. (4) Latex compounding to the black crumb stage, followed by sheeting and baling, should provide a convenient and economical means for shipping black, particularly for transoceanic deliveries. There would also be important savings in containers. (5) The black latex crumb may provide a convenient form of compounded GR-S for extrusion and related operations.
Geranylgeranyltransferase I of <i>Candida albicans</i> : Null Mutants or Enzyme Inhibitors Produce Unexpected Phenotypes (2000)

Geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I) catalyzes the transfer of a prenyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the carboxy-terminal cysteine of proteins with a motif referred to as a CaaX box (C, cysteine; a, usually aliphatic amino acid; X, usually L). The alpha and beta subunits of GGTase I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae are encoded by RAM2 and CDC43, respectively, and each is essential for viability. We are evaluating GGTase I as a potential target for antimycotic therapy of the related yeast, Candida albicans, which is the major human pathogen for disseminated fungal infections. Recently we cloned CaCDC43, the C. albicans homolog of S. cerevisiae CDC43. To study its role in C. albicans, both alleles were sequentially disrupted in strain CAI4. Null Cacdc43 mutants were viable despite the lack of detectable GGTase I activity but were morphologically abnormal. The subcellular distribution of two GGTase I substrates, Rho1p and Cdc42p, was shifted from the membranous fraction to the cytosolic fraction in the cdc43 mutants, and levels of these two proteins were elevated compared to those in the parent strain. Two compounds that are potent GGTase I inhibitors in vitro but that have poor antifungal activity, J-109,390 and L-269,289, caused similar changes in the distribution and quantity of the substrate. The lethality of an S. cerevisiae cdc43 mutant can be suppressed by simultaneous overexpression of RHO1 and CDC42 on high-copy-number plasmids (Y. Ohya et al., Mol. Biol. Cell 4:1017, 1991; C. A. Trueblood, Y. Ohya, and J. Rine, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4260, 1993). Prenylation presumably occurs by farnesyltransferase (FTase). We hypothesize that Cdc42p and Rho1p of C. albicans can be prenylated by FTase when GGTase I is absent or limiting and that elevation of these two substrates enables them to compete with FTase substrates for prenylation and thus allows sustained growth.