gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HDR image compression using optimized tone mapping model (2009)

In this paper, we propose a coding algorithm for High Dynamic Range Images (HDRI). Our encoder applies a tone mapping model based on scaled μ-Lawencoding, followed by a conventional Low Dynamic Range Image (LDRI) encoder. The tone mapping model is designed to minimize the difference between the tone mappedHDRI and its LDR version. By virtue of the nature of the model, not only the quality of the HDRI but also the one of LDRI are improved, compared with a state of the art in conventional HDRI compression. Furthermore the error caused by our tone mapping model encoding is theoretically analyzed.
The Ipsative Process to Reduce Response Set Bias (1977)

Researchers who gather data from several different groups are frequently faced with the problem of response set bias. This paper discusses the ipsative process, a technique which can reduce systematic response bias which exists between groups in a study. The usefulness of the ipsative process is illustrated on cross-cultural research findings gathered in four countries
Increasing Throughput for WiseMAC (2008)

The WiseMAC protocol is one of the most energy-efficient medium access control protocols for wireless sensor networks. However, in many typical wireless sensor network scenarios, throughput is limited when high traffic occurs, e.g., if many sensors detect and report an event to the base station. The paper proposes to extend and improve the optional more bit mechanism in WiseMAC. It allows bottleneck nodes to stay awake in case of high traffic instead of strictly sleeping periodically. Simulations show the effectiveness of the mechanism.
A 0.13um CMOS ultra-compact DVD SoC employing a full digital equalizing PRML read channel (2004)

A 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS DVD SoC has been developed, reducing the die size from a previous 64 mm/sup 2/ to 34mm/sup 2/ without degrading its performance and functionality, by optimizing the chip architecture and implementation scheme in the same generation process technology. The presented SoC features a novel PRML read channel, employing full digital equalizers with an oversampling method to improve system stability while keeping channel quality.
Inactivation of human high molecular weight kininogen by human mast cell tryptase. (1983)

Tryptase, the major neutral protease of human pulmonary mast cell secretory granules, rapidly inactivates human high m.w. kininogen (HMWK) in vitro. HMWK (5600 nM) lost 50% of its capacity to release kinin in response to kallikrein after a 5-min incubation with tryptase (31 nM), even though kinin activity was neither generated nor, when bradykinin was incubated with tryptase, destroyed by tryptase. The procoagulant activity of HMWK (51 nM) and the purified procoagulant chain (40 nM) that is derived from HMWK were each 72% inactivated after 7 min of incubation with tryptase (0.04 nM and 0.02 nM, respectively). Human urinary and pancreatic kallikrein did not inactivate this procoagulant activity under conditions in which kinin generation occurs. Complete cleavage of native single-chain HMWK by tryptase occurred in less than 10 min as analyzed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab gels. The major products formed during the initial 2 min were proteins of 100,000 and 95,000 apparent m.w., and by 10 to 30 min were fragments of 74,000 and 67,000 apparent m.w. Reduction of these cleavage products yielded two major fragments of 67,000 and 66,000 apparent m.w. that were both present by 0.17 min. The presence of lower m.w. products, thought to be primarily from the carboxy-terminal procoagulant region of HMWK, were also detected with and without reduction. The capacity of tryptase to inactivate HMWK is consistent with the ability of other mast cell-derived mediators, such as heparin proteoglycan and prostaglandin D2, to suppress blood coagulation and thrombosis, and may play an important role in the biology of mast cell-dependent events in vivo.
Laboratory Evaluation of 3-(5-Tetrazolyl)Penam, a New Semisynthetic Beta-Lactam Antibacterial Agent with Extended Broad-Spectrum Activity (1976)

In the new agent 3-(5-tetrazolyl)penam, hereafter referred to as CP-35,587, the carboxyl function at C3 in the penicillin nucleus has been replaced with the 5-tetrazolyl moiety. Marked changes in spectrum and resistance to gram-negative beta-lactamases, particularly with regard to Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, were conferred by this modification. The anti-Klebsiella activity clearly distinguishes the antibacterial spectrum of CP-35,587 from any known broad-spectrum penicillin. Compared to orally active cephalosporins, the spectrum advantage of CP-35,587 encompasses Enterobacter, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter, Providencia, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus faecalis, both in vitro and in murine infections produced by many of the above-named microorganisms. Thus, CP-35,587 combines and extends the antibacterial activity of broad-spectrum penicillins and orally active cephalosporins.
Single and double heterojunction bipolar transistors in collector-up topology (1998)

For the first time, DC- and RF characteristics of single and double heterojunction bipolar transistors (S-HBT and D-HBT respectively) in collector-up topology are measured and compared. Both devices are realized in InGaP/GaAs technology and offer high common emitter breakdown voltage (BVceo > 16V) and high maximum oscillation frequency (fmax > 115GHz)
Implementation of Ethanol Dehydration Using Dividing-Wall Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Column (2011)

In this article, the design and optimization procedures of a dividing-wall column for heterogeneous azeotropic distillation (DWC-A) using cyclohexane as an entrainer for ethanol dehydration are investigated. The proposed procedures can detect the optimal values of the design variables and thereby guarantee the minimum energy requirements, which is related to the minimum CO2 emissions and the lowest total annual cost (TAC). Since ethanol and water form an azeotrope under atmosphere pressure, a conventional heterogeneous azeotropic distillation sequence (CHADS), including an azeotropic column and a recovery column, is usually used to perform the ethanol dehydration process. However, due to high energy requirements and equipment investments of CHADS, the TAC is at a relatively high level. DWC-A can be used to eliminate the condenser of the second column and decrease the degree of back-mixing. Both CHADS and DWC-A are simulated with Aspen Plus®, and the results show that DWC-A has an energy saving of 42.17% and the TAC reduction of 35.18% along with higher thermodynamic efficiency and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
Miniaturized Dual Electromagnetic Oscillatory Actuator for Legged Locomotion of Micro Mobile Robots (2014)

In this research we propose a miniaturized dual electromagnetic oscillatory actuator. The proposed actuator is a moving magnet type voice coil actuator with two rotating parts. The structure of the actuator is simple, which includes two magnets, a coil, and a yoke. We provide a linear model to characterize the actuator. We then determine torque and restoring constants using finite element simulation. We also present the dynamic characteristics of the actuator. We propose several types of legged locomotion using dual electromagnetic oscillatory actuators, which is demonstrated and verified using our legged robot prototypes.
Moving beyond end-to-end path information to optimize CDN performance (2009)

Replicating content across a geographically distributed set of servers and redirecting clients to the closest server in terms of latency has emerged as a common paradigm for improving client performance. In this paper, we analyze latencies measured from servers in Google's content distribution network (CDN) to clients all across the Internet to study the effectiveness of latency-based server selection. Our main result is that redirecting every client to the server with least latency does not suffice to optimize client latencies. First, even though most clients are served by a geographically nearby CDN node, a sizeable fraction of experience latencies several tens of milliseconds higher than other in the same region. Second, we find that queueing delays often override the benefits of a client interacting with a nearby server.
Lipid-based Nanocarriers As An Alternative for Oral Delivery of Poorly Water- Soluble Drugs: Peroral and Mucosal Routes (2012)

The hydrophobic character of most drug molecules and their potential for degradation under the hostile environment of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) constitutes the main obstacle in the development of a successful oral drug delivery system, since these are related to limitations of bioavailability and absorption processes. However, according to the advantages of the oral route, alternative ways of drug administration in the oral cavity should be considered. In this context, it is essential to have a systematic knowledge of the GIT and the oral cavity components, for a better understanding of the processes taking place during the oral administration of drugs. This review gives an overview of those anatomical and physiological features and elucidates about the current approaches employed to enhance the bioavailability of oral poorly water-soluble drugs. Strategies including the uses of lipid-based nanocarriers, such as nanoemulsions, liposomes and lipid nanoparticles are discussed, considering their ability to improve solubility, dissolution kinetics, absorption and, consequently, biopharmaceutical properties. Some toxicological concerns are also highlighted.
Substituent effects on the Bergman cyclization of (Z)‐1,5‐hexadiyne‐3‐enes: a systematic computational study (2001)

The effects of several substituents (BH2, BF2, AlH2, CH3, C6H5, CN, COCH3, CF3, SiH3, NH2, NH3+, NO2, PH2, OH, OH2+, SH, F, Cl, Br) on the Bergman cyclization of (Z)-1,5-hexadiyne-3-ene (enediyne, 3) were investigated at the Becke–Lee–Yang–Parr (BLYP) density functional (DFT) level employing a 6-31G* basis set. Some of the substituents (NH3+, NO2, OH, OH2+, F, Cl, Br) are able to lower the barrier (up to a minimum of 16.9 kcal mol−1 for difluoro-enediyne 7rr) and the reaction enthalpy (the cyclization is predicted to be exergonic for OH2+ and F) compared to the parent system giving rise to substituted 1,4-dehydrobenzenes at physiological temperatures. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1605–1614, 2001
Peroxide modification of linear low‐density polyethylene: A comparison of dialkyl peroxides (1993)

Abstract A commercial‐grade LLDPE resin was cross‐linked using three different dialkyl peroxides, at three different concentrations. The peroxides were ranked in order of their Cross‐linking efficiency and their effectiveness at increasing the storage modulus of the virgin resin at the cure temperature. The chemical mechanism by which the cross‐linking occurs is shown to be closely related to the changes in concentrations of reactive vinyl species on the polyethylene molecules, which follows well with proposed mechanisms of previous publications. Finally, a direct relationship is shown to exist between the rate of peroxide decomposition and the rate of increase in storage modulus of the rubbery modified resin during the curing reaction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Coresets for k-Segmentation of Streaming Data (2014)

Life-logging video streams, financial time series, and Twitter tweets are a few examples of high-dimensional signals over practically unbounded time. We consider the problem of computing optimal segmentation of such signals by k-piecewise linear function, using only one pass over the data by maintaining a coreset for the signal. The coreset enables fast further analysis such as automatic summarization and analysis of such signals. A coreset (core-set) is a compact representation of the data seen so far, which approximates the data well for a specific task -- in our case, segmentation of the stream. We show that, perhaps surprisingly, the segmentation problem admits coresets of cardinality only linear in the number of segments k, independently of both the dimension d of the signal, and its number n of points. More precisely, we construct a representation of size O(klog n/ε[superscript 2]) that provides a (1 + ε)-approximation for the sum of squared distances to any given k-piecewise linear function. Moreover, such coresets can be constructed in a parallel streaming approach. Our results rely on a novel eduction of statistical estimations to problems in computational geometry. We empirically evaluate our algorithms on very large synthetic and real data sets from GPS, video and financial domains, using 255 machines in Amazon cloud.
Penicillanic acid sulfone: nature of irreversible inactivation of the RTEM .beta.-lactamase from Escherichia coli (1984)

When penicillanic acid sulfone in large molar excess is incubated with the RTEM beta-lactamase, the enzyme becomes inactivated irreversibly. From studies of the consequential spectroscopic changes, from the use of specifically tritiated penicillanic acid sulfone, and from comparison by isoelectric focusing of the enzyme after inactivation by the sulfone and by clavulanic acid, the inactivated enzyme appears to be cross-linked by a beta-aminoacrylate fragment deriving from C-5, C-6, and C-7 of the original beta-lactam. Model studies on the behavior of alcoholic solutions of penicillanic acid sulfone in the presence of amines are entirely consistent with this interpretation.
Signal Transduction Protein Array Analysis Links LRRK2 to Ste20 Kinases and PKC Zeta That Modulate Neuronal Plasticity (2010)

Ste20 kinases and PKC zeta contribute to neuronal Tau phosphorylation, neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity under physiological conditions. Our data suggest that these kinases may also be involved in synaptic dysfunction and neurite fragmentation in transgenic mice and in human PD patients carrying toxic gain-of-function LRRK2 mutations.
Machine Learning on Graphs: A Model and Comprehensive Taxonomy (2020)

There has been a surge of recent interest in learning representations for graph-structured data. Graph representation learning methods have generally fallen into three main categories, based on the availability of labeled data. The first, network embedding (such as shallow graph embedding or graph auto-encoders), focuses on learning unsupervised representations of relational structure. The second, graph regularized neural networks, leverages graphs to augment neural network losses with a regularization objective for semi-supervised learning. The third, graph neural networks, aims to learn differentiable functions over discrete topologies with arbitrary structure. However, despite the popularity of these areas there has been surprisingly little work on unifying the three paradigms. Here, we aim to bridge the gap between graph neural networks, network embedding and graph regularization models. We propose a comprehensive taxonomy of representation learning methods for graph-structured data, aiming to unify several disparate bodies of work. Specifically, we propose a Graph Encoder Decoder Model (GRAPHEDM), which generalizes popular algorithms for semi-supervised learning on graphs (e.g. GraphSage, Graph Convolutional Networks, Graph Attention Networks), and unsupervised learning of graph representations (e.g. DeepWalk, node2vec, etc) into a single consistent approach. To illustrate the generality of this approach, we fit over thirty existing methods into this framework. We believe that this unifying view both provides a solid foundation for understanding the intuition behind these methods, and enables future research in the area.
Single-phase hybrid active power filter using single switch parallel active filter and simple passive filter (2009)

This paper presents an implementation of hybrid active power filter for minimizing the input current distortion in a single-phase system feeding a non-linear load. In this method, the active power filter is injecting equal but opposite current to mitigate the distortion current shape the supply current to a sinusoidal form and in phase with the supply voltage. In this work, the single-switch parallel active power filter is used to reduce switching stress, losses and also the cost. Studies are performed to evaluate the performance of this topology in conjunction with a simple passive filter in a hybrid arrangement using two components; a parallel active power filter and a passive filter for removing both high order and low order harmonics. The passive filter uses simple LC configuration; whilst the parallel active filter uses a single-switch topology typically used in boost rectifier circuit. Theoretical, simulation and experimental result are presented to prove the validity of this arrangement.
Phase Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene - Poly (ethylene/ethylethylene) Random Copolymer Blends (1997)

The melt-state phase behavior of isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) blended with a series of poly(ethylene/ethylethylene) random copolymers has been investigated using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). These PEExx copolymers, where xx is the percentage of ethylethylene (EE) units, were prepared by hydrogenation of anionically polymerized polybutadienes with controlled amounts of 1,2 addition. Random phase approximation (RPA) fits to the scattering data for blends of i-PP with a deuterated, low molecular weight PEE90 at 180 °C indicate a statistical segment length for i-PP that is 10% less than that reported previously. Scattering from blends of i-PP with higher molecular weight PEE90 and PEE73 at 180 °C can be quantitatively fit using the RPA theory with χ as the only adjustable parameter, indicating melt miscibility. PEE46 and PEE62 are strongly and marginally immiscible, respectively, with i-PP at 180 °C. These results establish a “window” in EE content in which these random copolymers can form single ...
Functional expression of rat GLUT 1 glucose transporter in <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (1996)

To facilitate expression of the rat GLUT 1 glucose transporter cDNA in Dictyostelium discoideum, we mutated the 5' end of the coding sequence such that the codons for the first ten amino acids conformed to preferred Dictyostelium codon usage. As determined by Western-blot analysis, a population of Dictyostelium transformed with the mutated cDNA expressed nonglycosylated GLUT 1 protein. Cell lines expressing GLUT 1 transport radiolabelled 2-deoxy-D-glucose at a rate 6-10 times that of cell lines transformed with vector alone. The initial rate of inward transport of 2-deoxy-D-glucose was stimulated several-fold by the presence of unlabelled glucose in the Dictyostelium cytoplasm, exemplifying the trans-activation of GLUT 1 transport characteristic of GLUT 1 present in erythrocyte membranes. The K(m) and Ki values for 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose were 3.7 mM, 2.6 mM, 11 mM and 30 mM respectively, similar to the values for GLUT 1 expressed in mammalian cells. L-Glucose and L-galactose, which are not transported by GLUT 1, do not inhibit uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in Dictyostelium expressing GLUT 1. Thus, even though GLUT 1 expressed in Dictyostelium is not N-glycosylated, it transports hexoses normally; this is the first example of functional expression of a mammalian transport protein in this lower eukaryote.
Simple Instructions Which Enhance the Error Control Capabilities of a Programmed Communications Processor (1964)

In the course of the design of a small-scale digital computer for use as a communications buffer and processor it was found possible to greatly increase the capability of the computer in the encoding and decoding of a number of error control codes without significantly increasing the complexity of the hardware by the addition of three commands to the instruction repertoire of the computer. These commands are Galois Field Multiply, Galois Field Divide, and Compute Word Parity.
Preparation of Ultrafine Beclomethasone Dipropionate Drug Powder by Antisolvent Precipitation (2007)

The purpose of this study was to prepare ultrafine beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) powder via antisolvent precipitation without any surfactants. Various solvents were screened to determine the suitable system for optimum processing while deionized water was kept as the antisolvent. Methanol was selected as the solvent, because a higher degree of supersaturation could be achieved. Several experimental parameters, such as the volume ratio of solution to antisolvent, the concentration of BDP−methanol solution, the temperature, and the stirring speed and time, were investigated in the methanol−deionized water system. The results showed that the yielded powder had a mean particle length of 850 nm and 85% of the particles were distributed in the range of 0.2−1.2 μm, whereas the raw particle size was 2.13 μm, ranging in size from 0.2 μm to 12 μm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated no change in chemical group structure and crystal structure during the process. In addition, a process recovery rate of >99.99% was obtained.
Pyrolysis of Propane in Tubular Flow Reactors. Kinetics and Surface Effects (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrolysis of Propane in Tubular Flow Reactors. Kinetics and Surface EffectsB. L. Crynes and L. F. AlbrightCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1969, 8, 1, 25–31Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260029a005https://doi.org/10.1021/i260029a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts