gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning, Nucleotide Sequencing, and Functional Analysis of a Novel, Mobile Cluster of Biodegradation Genes from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Strain JB2 (2001)

We have identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain JB2 a novel cluster of mobile genes encoding degradation of hydroxy- and halo-aromatic compounds. Nineteen open reading frames were located and, based on sequence similarities, were putatively identified as encoding a ring hydroxylating oxygenase (hybABCD), an ATP-binding cassette-type transporter, an extradiol ring-cleavage dioxygenase, transcriptional regulatory proteins, enzymes mediating chlorocatechol degradation, and transposition functions. Expression of hybABCD in Escherichia coli cells effected stoichiometric transformation of 2-hydroxybenzoate (salicylate) to 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (gentisate). This activity was predicted from sequence similarity to functionally characterized genes, nagAaGHAb from Ralstonia sp. strain U2 (S. L. Fuenmayor, M. Wild, A. L. Boyes, and P. A. Williams, J. Bacteriol. 180:2522-2530, 1998), and is the second confirmed example of salicylate 5-hydroxylase activity effected by an oxygenase outside the flavoprotein group. Growth of strain JB2 or Pseudomonas huttiensis strain D1 (an organism that had acquired the 2-chlorobenzoate degradation phenotype from strain JB2) on benzoate yielded mutants that were unable to grow on salicylate or 2-chlorobenzoate and that had a deletion encompassing hybABCD and the region cloned downstream. The mutants' inability to grow on 2-chlorobenzoate suggested the loss of additional genes outside of, but contiguous with, the characterized region. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed a plasmid of >300 kb in strain D1, but no plasmids were detected in strain JB2. Hybridization analyses confirmed that the entire 26-kb region characterized here was acquired by strain D1 from strain JB2 and was located in the chromosome of both organisms. Further studies to delineate the element's boundaries and functional characteristics could provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying evolution of bacterial genomes in general and of catabolic pathways for anthropogenic pollutants in particular.
Adult neural stem cells expressing IL-10 confer potent immunomodulation and remyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (2009)

Adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) derived from the subventricular zone of the brain show therapeutic effects in EAE, an animal model of the chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease MS; however, the beneficial effects are modest. One critical weakness of aNSC therapy may be an insufficient antiinflammatory effect. Here, we demonstrate that i.v. or i.c.v. injection of aNSCs engineered to secrete IL-10 (IL-10-aNSCs), a potent immunoregulatory cytokine, induced more profound functional and pathological recovery from ongoing EAE than that with control aNSCs. IL-10-aNSCs exhibited enhanced antiinflammatory effects in the periphery and inflammatory foci in the CNS compared with control aNSCs, more effectively reducing myelin damage, a hallmark of MS. When compared with mice treated with control aNSCs, those treated with IL-10-aNSCs demonstrated differentiation of transplanted cells into greater numbers of oligodendrocytes and neurons but fewer astrocytes, thus enhancing exogenous remyelination and neuron/axonal growth. Finally, IL-10-aNSCs converted a hostile environment to one supportive of neurons/oligodendrocytes, thereby promoting endogenous remyelination. Thus, aNSCs engineered to express IL-10 show enhanced ability to induce immune suppression, remyelination, and neuronal repair and may represent a novel approach that can substantially improve the efficacy of neural stem cell-based therapy in EAE/MS.
Molecular cloning of a rat submandibular gland apomucin (1994)

Overlapping cDNA clones which encode the protein core of a rat submandibular gland mucin-glycoprotein have been isolated and characterized. Sequence analysis revealed a translated region of 966 nucleotides encoding a protein of 322 amino acid residues. The translational start site begins with a putative signal sequence comprising the initial 22 N-terminal residues. The predicted secreted portion of the apomucin revealed three distinct domains: an N-terminal domain which is enriched in glutamine (14%), proline (13%), and tyrosine (10%); a central region which consisted of eleven, 39-base pair tandem repeats with the consensus sequence PTTDSTTPAPTTK; and a C-terminal domain which is enriched in threonine and serine residues (47%) which are not part of a repeat motif. The expression of apomucin transcript appears restricted to the rat submandibular and sublingual glands. Southern blot analysis of rat genomic DNAs suggested a low copy number (1, 2) for this apomucin gene and a limited polymorphism in the number of tandem repeats. Collectively, our sequence and expression data indicate that the cloned rat submandibular gland apomucin is distinct from any of the other salivary (bovine, porcine, or human) or rat apomucins reported thus far.
A Role for the RNase III Enzyme DCR-1 in RNA Interference and Germ Line Development in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2001)

An early event in RNA interference (RNAi) is the cleavage of the initiating double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to short pieces, 21 to 23 nucleotides in length. Here we describe a null mutation in dicer-1 (dcr-1), a gene proposed to encode the enzyme that generates these short RNAs. We find that dcr-1(-/-) animals have defects in RNAi under some, but not all, conditions. Mutant animals have germ line defects that lead to sterility, suggesting that cleavage of dsRNA to short pieces is a requisite event in normal development.
Optically active amines. 36. Application of the benzene chirality rule to ring-substituted mandelic acids (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptically active amines. 36. Application of the benzene chirality rule to ring-substituted mandelic acidsDiana F. Colon, Simeon T. Pickard, and Howard E. SmithCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 7, 2322–2326Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00007a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00007a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Development of the World Anti-Doping Code (2017)

This chapter addresses both the development and substance of the World Anti-Doping Code, which came into effect in 2003, as well as the subsequent Code amendments, which came into effect in 2009 and 2015. Through an extensive process of stakeholder input and collaboration, the World Anti-Doping Code has transformed the hodgepodge of inconsistent and competing pre-2003 anti-doping rules into a harmonized and effective approach to anti-doping. The Code, as amended, is now widely recognized worldwide as the gold standard in anti-doping. The World Anti-Doping Code originally went into effect on January 1, 2004. The first amendments to the Code went into effect on January 1, 2009, and the second amendments on January 1, 2015. The Code and the related international standards are the product of a long and collaborative process designed to make the fight against doping more effective through the adoption and implementation of worldwide harmonized rules and best practices.
A generalization of Voronoï’s Theorem to algebraic lattices (2011)

Let <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:math> be an algebraic number field and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>𝒪</mml:mi> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> the ring of integers of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:math> . In this paper, we prove an analogue of Voronoï’s theorem for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>𝒪</mml:mi> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> -lattices and the finiteness of the number of similar isometry classes of perfect <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>𝒪</mml:mi> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> -lattices.
Effects of methylcobalamin on the proliferation of androgen-sensitive or estrogen-sensitive malignant cells in culture and in vivo. (1997)

Methylcobalamin is one of the coenzymatically active cobalamin derivates and required for the activity of the cytoplasmic enzyme methionine synthetase catalyzing the methylation of homocysteine into methionine. The effect of methylcobalamin on the proliferation of malignant cells has been examined. Methylcobalamin inhibited the proliferation of androgen-sensitive SC-3 cells (a cloned cell line from Shionogi mouse mammary tumor, SC115) in culture at the concentration of 100-300 micrograms/ml. An inhibitory activity of methylcobalamin on the proliferation was also observed in other cell lines (estrogen-sensitive B-1F cells from mouse Leydig cell tumor and MCF-7 cells from human mammary tumor) at the concentration of 500 micrograms/ml. Moreover, large doses of methylcobalamin injected intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg body weight/day) were non-toxic and suppressed the tumor growth of SC115 and B-1F cells in mice fed a vitamin B12 deficient diet. These results show that methylcobalamin inhibits the proliferation of malignant cells in culture and in vivo and propose the possibility of methylcobalamin as a candidate of potentially useful agents for the treatment for some malignant tumors.
Complement factor H Y402H decreases cardiovascular disease risk in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (2008)

Activation of the complement system seems an important link between inflammation and atherogenesis. The Y402H polymorphism of complement factor H (CFH) has been associated with cardiovascular events, but results are conflicting and possibly modified by age of onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined whether or not the Y402H polymorphism influenced CVD risk in a multicentre cohort study involving 2016 unrelated patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), who have an extremely increased susceptibility to premature CVD. We identified 261 individuals who were homozygous for the polymorphism (CC genotype; 12.9%), 929 individuals who were heterozygous (TC genotype; 46.1%), and 826 individuals carried the wild-type (TT genotype; 41.0%). During 95 115 person years, 644 patients had a cardiovascular event. Carriers of the CC genotype had a decreased risk of CVD (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.51–0.87; P = 0.003) relative to the other genotype groups. This association was unaltered after adjustment for clinically relevant cardiovascular risk factors or age effects. Among patients with severely increased risk of early onset CVD, the Y402H CFH variant was inversely associated with susceptibility to CVD. This suggests that CFH is a modifier gene of CVD.
Radiolabelling and in vivo evaluation of [<sup>11</sup>C]GSK215083 as potential PET radioligand for the 5-HT<sub>6</sub> receptor in the porcine brain (2005)

The 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 (5-HT6) receptor is one of 14 distinct mammalian 5-HT (serotonin) receptors expressed in the central nervous system through which 5-HT is involved in regulating a number of diverse biological processes 1. Binding studies with [125I]SB258585, have localised 5-HT6 receptors almost exclusively in the CNS 2. In these reports, SB258585 showed a high level of binding in rat, and pig striatal tissues and low in the cerebellum. In man SB258585 binding pattern is similar to rat and pig, being strongest in caudate, putamen, moderates in cerebral cortex and low in the cerebellum 3. Despite its good in vitro profile, the development of SB285585 as an in vivo imaging tool was hampered due to its poor brain penetration properties and to date no successful 5-HT6 ligand has been reported for use in PET. We present here the radiolabelling and preclinical evaluation of [11C]GSK215083 a novel tool to probe the 5-HT6 receptors in vivo. [11C]GSK215083,[11C-N-methyl]3-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-8-(4-methyl-1-piperazi nyl) quinoline, was prepared by N-methylation of the corresponding desmethyl precursor with [11C]MeOTf in methanol:acetonitrile in presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, followed by HPLC purification. In a pilot study [11C]GSK215083 was evaluated in anesthetized Yorlshire pigs (40 kg). [11C]GSK215083 readily enters the brain reaching peak regional tissue concentrations at approximately 20 min post injection followed by a slow washout from brain regions known to be rich in 5-HT6 receptors with highest uptake and retention observed in striatum. The observed rank order of regional brain concentrations was striatum>cortical regions>cerebellum, consistent with reported 5-HT6 receptor densities and localisation determined by tissue section autoradiograpgy in animals and man. Upon injection of [11C]GSK215083, striatum to cerebellum and cortex to cerebellum ratios of 2 to1 and 1.5 to 1, respectively were reached at 60 min post injection. Co-administration of [11C]GSK215083 with escalating dose of authentic GSK215083 (0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg) have located a saturable and dose dependent signal in the striatum and cortical regions. Treatment of pigs with the 5-HT6 binding drug, clozapine (6.25 mg/kg), significantly reduced the specific binding in striatum as compared to cerebellum. No significant effect on [11C]GSK215083 signal in striatum was observed following treatment with ketanserine (0.3 mg/kg), a selective 5-HT2a receptor antagonist, in contrast the same treatment reduced >90% specific binding in frontal cortex. Radio-HPLC analysis revealed that [11C]GSK215083 is rapidly metabolised in arterial plasma, representing approximately 60% of the total radioactivity 30 min post injection. [11C]GSK215083 shows properties suitable for studies probing 5HT6 receptor in man with PET (See Figure 1).
Tailoring the Composition of a Mixed Anion Iron-Based Fluoride Compound: Evidence for Anionic Vacancy and Electrochemical Performance in Lithium Cells (2014)

Microwave-assisted synthesis allows stabilizing Fe-based fluoride compounds with hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) network. The determination of the chemical composition, i.e., FeF2.2(OH)0.8·(H2O)0.33, revealed a significant deviation from the pure fluoride composition, with a high content of OH groups substituting fluoride ions. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction data and Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that the partial OH/F substitution impact on the structure (interatomic distances, angles, and so on) and the local environment of iron (isomer shift and quadrupole splitting distribution). The thermal behavior of the hydroxyfluoride compound has been thoroughly investigated. From room temperature to 350 °C under Ar flow, the HTB-type structure remains stable without any fluorine loss and only water departure. At T > 350 °C, the structure started to collapse with a partitioning of anions leading to α-FeF3 and α-Fe2O3. Within 200 °C ≤ T ≤ 350 °C, the chemical composition can be tuned with different contents of OH–/O2– and structural water. By an adequate thermal treatment, it has been shown that anionic vacancies formed by dehydroxylation reaction could be stabilized within the HTB network yielding a compound containing three different anions, i.e., FeF2.2(OH)0.8–xOx/2□x/2. XRD Rietveld analysis, atomic pair distribution function, and Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed the formation of under-coordinated iron FeX5□1 (X = O2–, F–, and OH–) atoms. Different compositions have been prepared by thermal treatment at T ≤ 350 °C and their electrochemical properties evaluated in lithium cell. Structural water seems to block the diffusion of lithium within the hexagonal cavities. Increasing the content of anionic vacancies significantly improves the reversible capacity emphasizing a peculiar role on electrochemical properties. Pair distribution functions obtained on lithiated and delithiated samples indicated that the HTB network was maintained (in the 2–4.2 V voltage range) during the intercalation processes.
System of Ophthalmology (1968)

As might be expected volume 10 of Sir Stewart Duke-Elder's<i>System of Ophthalmology</i>matches its predecessors both in content and style. The author's particular interest in this volume is made clear in the preface: of all the books in this series, this has been the most satisfactory and important to write—satisfying partly because the retina is the great meeting place between ophthalmology and general medicine and partly because it has been the site of the most rewarding advances in ophthalmic surgery seen in our generation—. In general, the table of contents follows closely that of the retinal section in volume 3 of the<i>Textbook of Ophthalmology</i>, but the original 380 pages have been expanded to 878 and the illustrations from 359 to 885. No clinical ophthalmologist can afford to be without this most comprehensive treatise on retinal disorders available in the English language. Again we are in debt to Sir
Cranberry proanthocyanidins have anti-biofilm properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2014)

Results suggest that A-type proanthocyanidins may be a useful therapeutic against the biofilm-mediated infections caused by P. aeruginosa and should be further tested.
Structural characterization of the disulfide folding intermediates of bovine .alpha.-lactalbumin (1993)

Specific three- and two-disulfide intermediates that accumulate transiently during reduction of the disulfide bonds of Ca(2+)-bound bovine alpha-lactalbumin have been trapped, isolated, and characterized. The three-disulfide intermediate was shown to lack the Cys6-120 disulfide bond, confirming the observations of others. The newly-recognized two-disulfide form has been shown to lack the Cys6-120 and Cys28-111 native disulfide bonds. The remaining native disulfide bonds in the two partially reduced derivatives of alpha-lactalbumin are stable only when the proteins are in a Ca(2+)-bound state. Otherwise, they adopt an equilibrium between molten globule and unfolded conformations, and rapid thiol-disulfide interchange occurs, at a rate as high as when the proteins are fully unfolded in 8 M urea, to generate distinct mixtures of rearranged products. Urea gradient electrophoresis, circular dichroism, fluorescence, and ANS binding have been combined to give a detailed structural picture of alpha-lactalbumin, its derivatives with native and with nonnative disulfide bonds, and the fully reduced protein. The native structure of alpha-lactalbumin appears to be split by selective disulfide bond cleavage into at least one subdomain, which retains the Ca(2+)-binding site. The alpha-lactalbumin molten globule state is shown largely to result from nonspecific hydrophobic collapse, to be devoid of cooperative or specific tertiary interactions, and not to be stabilized substantially by the native or rearranged disulfide bonds.
Maintenance of children and medical expenses (1968)

The Commissioner for Child Welfare has recently drawn attention to the fact that frequently, when an order for maintenance of children is made, either by the Court granting the divorce or by a Magistrate on the application of the custodian mother, no mention is made of liability for medical expenses incurred in respect of such child or children.
Distinct Signals Conveyed by Pheromone Concentrations to the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ (2010)

In mammalian species, detection of pheromone cues by the vomeronasal organ (VNO) at different concentrations can elicit distinct behavioral responses and endocrine changes. It is not well understood how concentration-dependent activation of the VNO impacts innate behaviors. In this study, we find that, when mice investigate the urogenital areas of a conspecific animal, the urinary pheromones can reach the VNO at a concentration of approximately 1% of that in urine. At this level, urinary pheromones elicit responses from a subset of cells that are tuned to sex-specific cues and provide unambiguous identification of the sex and strain of animals. In contrast, low concentrations of urine do not activate these cells. Strikingly, we find a population of neurons that is only activated by low concentrations of urine. The properties of these neurons are not found in neurons responding to putative single-compound pheromones. Additional analyses show that these neurons are masked by high-concentration pheromones. Thus, an antagonistic interaction in natural pheromones results in the activation of distinct populations of cells at different concentrations. The differential activation is likely to trigger different downstream circuitry and underlies the concentration-dependent pheromone perception.
UWB Impulse Radio Transmitter Using an Electrooptic Phase Modulator Together With a Delay Interferometer (2010)

A simple ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radio transmitter is experimentally demonstrated using an electrooptic phase modulator (PM) and a delay interferometer (DI). By applying an electrical nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) baseband signal to the PM, a pair of optical Gaussian pulses with opposite polarities is generated at the two output ports of the DI. By properly setting the delay between these two polarity-reversed optical Gaussian pulses using an optical delay line (ODL) component, an optical UWB monocycle pulse is generated. Pulse amplitude modulation of the UWB monocycle pulse can also be achieved by driving the PM with an NRZ baseband signal at a flexible bit rate. Experimental results verify that the proposed scheme can be used to simultaneously generate and amplitude modulate the UWB monocycle pulse. Furthermore, both the shape and polarity of the generated UWB monocycle pulse can be easily controlled by appropriately adjusting the delay of the ODL. Pulse polarity modulation of the generated UWB monocycle can also be realized by electrically switching the bias voltage of the DI.
Substantial appearance of origin of conductivity decrease in Y-doped BaZrO<sub>3</sub>due to Ba-deficiency (2014)

Y-doped BaZrO3 (BZY) is getting attention due to its high proton conductivity. But the proton conductivity decreased when Ba-deficiency was introduced. And we recently found that the system with an atomic ratio of Ba : Zr : Y of 0.9 : 0.8 : 0.2 contained two perovskite phases (Ba0.74Zr0.55Y0.45O3−δ and Ba0.90Zr0.88Y0.12O3−δ). In this work, by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), accumulation of stacking faults with higher content of Zr, Y or vacancies than Ba was observed in the Ba0.74Zr0.55Y0.45O3−δ phase. We discuss the influence of the phase on the conductivity based on the results of water content and conductivity measurements, and therefore assume that the proton conduction in the Ba0.74Zr0.55Y0.45O3−δ phase might be very small.