gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1,4;3,6-HEXITOL DIANHYDRIDE L-ISOIDIDE (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,4;3,6-HEXITOL DIANHYDRIDE L-ISOIDIDEHewitt G. Fletcher Jr. and R. Max Goepp Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 6, 1042–1043Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1945https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01222a513Request reuse permissions Article Views288Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (240 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-assembly of light-sensitive surfactants (2005)

This review covers recent advances with an intriguing class of functionalised light-sensitive surfactants. The main chemical classes are described, and the photo-responses in interfacial and aggregation systems are discussed.
Fast attainment of computer cursor control with noninvasively acquired brain signals (2011)

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems are allowing humans and non-human primates to drive prosthetic devices such as computer cursors and artificial arms with just their thoughts. Invasive BCI systems acquire neural signals with intracranial or subdural electrodes, while noninvasive BCI systems typically acquire neural signals with scalp electroencephalography (EEG). Some drawbacks of invasive BCI systems are the inherent risks of surgery and gradual degradation of signal integrity. A limitation of noninvasive BCI systems for two-dimensional control of a cursor, in particular those based on sensorimotor rhythms, is the lengthy training time required by users to achieve satisfactory performance. Here we describe a novel approach to continuously decoding imagined movements from EEG signals in a BCI experiment with reduced training time. We demonstrate that, using our noninvasive BCI system and observational learning, subjects were able to accomplish two-dimensional control of a cursor with performance levels comparable to those of invasive BCI systems. Compared to other studies of noninvasive BCI systems, training time was substantially reduced, requiring only a single session of decoder calibration (∼ 20 min) and subject practice (∼ 20 min). In addition, we used standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography to reveal that the neural sources that encoded observed cursor movement may implicate a human mirror neuron system. These findings offer the potential to continuously control complex devices such as robotic arms with one's mind without lengthy training or surgery.
An efficient near-optimal algorithm for the joint traffic and trunk routing problem in self-planning networks (1989)

The configuration and routing problem (or the joint trunk and traffic routing problem) is first formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear minimization problem. Then certain properties are proved about the problem structure. These properties lead to an efficient algorithm that determines near-optimal configurations and routing assignments. A lower bound is also computed in order to evaluate the quality of the solution. The algorithm was coded and tested on several networks. Present computational experiments clearly show that the performance of a self-planning network is always better than that of the same network without the trunk routing capability. The reduction in average packet delay is as much as 67%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of Direct-Infusion Electrospray Mass Spectrometry To Guide Empirical Development of Improved Conditions for Expression of Secondary Metabolites from Actinomycetes (2001)

A major barrier in the discovery of new secondary metabolites from microorganisms is the difficulty of distinguishing the minor fraction of productive cultures from the majority of unproductive cultures and growth conditions. In this study, a rapid, direct-infusion electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) technique was used to identify chemical differences that occurred in the expression of secondary metabolites by 44 actinomycetes cultivated under six different fermentation conditions. Samples from actinomycete fermentations were prepared by solid-phase extraction, analyzed by ES-MS, and ranked according to a chemical productivity index based on the total number and relative intensity of ions present in each sample. The actinomycete cultures were tested for chemical productivity following treatments that included nutritional manipulations, autoregulator additions, and different agitation speeds and incubation temperatures. Evaluation of the ES-MS data from submerged and solid-state fermentations by paired t test analyses showed that solid-state growth significantly altered the chemical profiles of extracts from 75% of the actinomycetes evaluated. Parallel analysis of the same extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography-ES-MS-evaporative light scattering showed that the chemical differences detected by the ES-MS method were associated with growth condition-dependent changes in the yield of secondary metabolites. Our results indicate that the high-throughput ES-MS method is useful for identification of fermentation conditions that enhance expression of secondary metabolites from actinomycetes.
Evaluation of the effect of glucosamine administration on biomarkers for cartilage and bone metabolism in soccer players (2009)

In the present study, to investigate the effect of glucosamine, a component of glycosaminoglycans with a chondroprotective action, on articular cartilage in athletes, we looked at soccer players, who expose their joints to excessive motion and loading, and compared the levels of biomarkers for type II collagen degradation (CTX-II) and type II collagen synthesis (CPII) between soccer players and non-athlete controls, and in soccer players before and after glucosamine-administration. CTX-II (P<0.01) and CPII (P=0.08) levels were substantially elevated in soccer players compared with those in controls, indicating that cartilage metabolism (type II collagen degradation and synthesis) is increased in soccer players. Of note, glucosamine administration (1.5 g and 3 g/day for 3 months) significantly decreased the CTX-II level (P<0.05); however, the effect disappeared after withdrawal of administration. In contrast, glucosamine administration did not essentially affect the increased level of CPII. Furthermore, cartilage damage was evaluated by using the ratio of type II collagen breakdown to synthesis (CTX-II/CPII). The ratio in soccer players was significantly higher than that in controls (P<0.05), suggesting that type II collagen degradation is relatively enhanced compared with type II collagen synthesis in soccer players than in control students. Of importance, the ratio was reduced by glucosamine administration but returned to the pre-administration level after withdrawal of administration. Together these observations suggest that glucosamine is expected to exert a chondroprotective action in athletes (soccer players) by preventing type II collagen degradation but maintaining type II collagen synthesis, although the effect is transient and disappears after withdrawal of administration.
Mixed concurrency control: Dealing with heterogeneity in distributed database systems (1988)

A mixed concurrency control, which allows the two techniques - two phase locking and certification - to coexist together in the same distributed dambase system, proves to be advantageous in a number of situations : interconnected databases, static or dynamic heterogeneity of transactions or objects. In this paper we propose a method which seems well adapted to the majority of the forms of heterogeneity, by using dynamic calculation of a serialization order and concurrent control of all types of transactions.
Initiation of vinyl ether polymerization by trimethylsilyl triflate, dimethyl sulfide, and adventitious water (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInitiation of vinyl ether polymerization by trimethylsilyl triflate, dimethyl sulfide, and adventitious waterChang Gi Cho, Ben Ami Feit, and Owen W. WebsterCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 8, 2081–2085Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00034a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00034a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views348Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LOW-DOSE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION BY CYCLOSPORINE OPERATING VIA ANTIGEN-PRESENTING DENDRITIC CELLS (1990)

The inhibitory effect of cyclosporine on the stimulation of lymphocytes was tested in 20 microliters hanging drop cultures. Cells were stimulated by concanavalin A, or by allogeneic dendritic cells in a mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). Significant inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation was obtained with low concentrations of CsA (10(-9)-10(-7) micrograms/ml) in addition to the well-documented, dose-dependent inhibition at concentrations greater than or equal to 10(-1) micrograms/ml. Intermediate doses (10(-6)-10(-2) micrograms/ml) caused little inhibition. To establish whether the CsA was acting on the antigen-presenting cells or on the responding T cells, each population was pulsed with CsA before adding to the MLC. Higher doses of CsA were required to cause inhibition using this short-term pretreatment rather than continuous presence of CsA; however, when DC were pulsed with CsA, biphasic effects of the drug were seen. The time of DC pretreatment with 1 microgram/ml CsA was varied, and inhibition was seen after 1-3 hr and 16-24 hr pretreatment but not at intermediate time points. Similarly, a biphasic dose-response developed when DC-pretreatment time was fixed (2 hr) and drug concentration was varied. By contrast, on pulsing responder lymphocytes with CsA there was a biphasic effect in some experiments, but more often a single dose-dependent inhibition occurred, particularly when DC were removed from the responder cells. Major dose-dependent inhibitory effects of CsA may therefore act on both antigen-presenting DC and on lymphocytes, but this work reveals an additional low-dose inhibition that can operate via DC.
Hadamard spectrometer for ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHadamard spectrometer for ultraviolet-visible spectrometryF. W. Plankey, T. H. Glenn, L. P. Hart, and J. D. WinefordnerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 8, 1000–1005Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60344a018Request reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (654 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Syntheses of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. XXIX. An improved method for the preparation of 10H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]benzoxazine (1-azaphenoxazine). (1978)

Syntheses of 10H-pyrido [3, 2-b] [1, 4] and 5H-pyrido [3, 4-b] [1, 4] benzoxazine (1 and 3) were carried out by the cyclization reaction of 2-and 4-(2'-hydroxyanilino)-3-nitropyridines (7 and 9) in dimethylformamide in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This method is an improvement over the past reports that this kind of anilino compounds are difficult to undergo intramolecular cyclization because they have an intramolecular hydrogen bonding properties. 3-Substituted (methyl, chloro, bromo, nitro), 7-nitro, and 8-methyl derivatives of 10H-pyrido [3, 2-b] [1, 4] benzoxazine (1a-1f) were synthesized in a high yield by the application of this method. The anilino compound was obtained by the selective condensation of 2-chloro-3-nitro-5-substituted pyridine and o-aminophenol in ethanol in the presence of copper and sodium hydroxide. However, 5H-pyrido [2, 3-b] [1, 4] benzoxazine (4) was not obtained from 3-(2'-nitroanilino)-2-pyridone (10) in this sodium hydroxide-dimethylformamide system, while 5H-pyrido [2, 3-b] [1, 4] and 10H-pyrido [4, 3-b] [1, 4] benzoxazine (4 and 2) were synthesized by the cyclization of 2- and 4-(2'-bromophenoxy)-3-(N-formylamino) pyridines (13 and 17), respectively, in xylene in the presence of copper and potassium carbonate.
REVIEWS (1944)

REVIEWS Racialism and World Faith, by G. O. GRIFFITH . Pp. 156. London :Lutterworth Press, 1942. 6s. T. W. MANSON T. W. MANSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-XLV, Issue 177-178, January 1944, Pages 85-a–87, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-XLV.177-178.85-a Published: 01 January 1944
Approach to Auto-recognition of Design Elements for the Intelligent Management of Interior Pictures (2019)

This paper explores automated recognition of elements in interior design pictures for an intelligent design reference management system. Precedent design references have a significant role to help architects, designer and even clients in general architecture design process. Pictures are one of the representation that could exactly show a kind of design idea and knowledge. Due to the velocity, variety and volume of reference pictures data with growth of references platform, it is hard and time-consuming to handle the data with current manual way. To solve this problem , this paper depicts a deep learning-based approach to figuring out design elements and recognizing the design feature of them on the interior pictures using faster-RCNN and CNN algorithms. The targets are the residential furniture such as a table and a seating. Through proposed application, input pictures can automatically have tagging data as follows; seating1(type: sofa, seating capacity: two-seaters, design style: classic)
The solvatochromic comparison method. 2. The .alpha.-scale of solvent hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) acidities (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe solvatochromic comparison method. 2. The .alpha.-scale of solvent hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) aciditiesR. W. Taft and Mortimer J. KamletCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 10, 2886–2894Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00426a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00426a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3902Altmetric-Citations1120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A guardian angel: the involvement of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in psychoneuroendocrine function, nutrition and immune defence (2000)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, also known as CD26; EC 3.4.14.5) is a non-integrin receptor glycoprotein with multiple functions, including cell adhesion, cellular trafficking through the extracellular matrix and co-stimulatory potential during T cell activation. By virtue of its exopeptidase activity, DPP IV plays a key regulatory role in the metabolism of peptide hormones. Based on data emerging from different biomedical specialties, it appears worthwhile to highlight the different facets of DPP IV in nutrition, immune responses and peptide hormone metabolism. The presentation of the complex regulatory circuits in which DPP IV appears to be involved may also serve as a note of caution, in view of attempts to apply selective inhibitors of DPP IV enzymic activity for the treatment of disease, e.g. Type II diabetes.
Integral Textile Ceramic Structures (2008)

A new paradigm for ceramic composite structural components enables functionality in heat exchange, transpiration, detailed shape, and thermal strain management that significantly exceeds the prior art. The paradigm is based on the use of three-dimensional fiber reinforcement that is tailored to the specific shape, stress, and thermal requirements of a structural application and therefore generally requires innovative textile methods for each realization. Key features include the attainment of thin skins (less than 1 mm) that are nevertheless structurally robust, transpiration holes formed without cutting fibers, double curvature, compliant integral attachment to other structures that avoids thermal stress buildup, and microcomposite ceramic matrices that minimize spalling and allow the formation of smooth surfaces. All these features can be combined into structures of very varied gross shape and function, using a wide range of materials such as all-oxide systems and SiC and carbon fibers in SiC matrices. Illustrations are drawn from rocket nozzles, thermal protection systems, and gas turbine engines. The new design challenges that arise for such material/structure systems are being met by specialized computational modeling that departs significantly in the representation of materials behavior from that used in conventional finite element methods.
The Use of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopic Analysis for rapid evaluation of porcine soft fat. (1993)

近赤外分光分析法が食肉流通段階における軟脂豚の客観的評価法として用いられる可能性を検討するため, 近赤外分光分析計の吸光度と脂肪酸組成との関係を調査した。近赤外分光分析計は, INSTALAB 600 (DICKEY-john 社製) 2台を用い, 20波長 (1445～2345nm) の測定を行った。まず, 32点の試料を用いて, 近赤外分光分析法による脂肪酸組成算出のための重回帰式を作成した。次に, これと異なる64点の試料について, この重回帰式で脂肪酸組成を算出し, ガスクロマトグラフィーで測定した値と比較して近赤外分光分析法の有効性を検討した。飽和脂肪酸含量を測定した結果, 1722, 1734および1818nmの3波長を用いた検量線が最も優れていた。これらの波長は, 飽和脂肪酸に帰属される。近赤外分光法による測定値と化学分析値との間に高い相関 (r=0.934) が認められ, 予測値の標準誤差 (SEP) は0.918%と小さく安定していた。35℃における測定結果は, 20℃における測定結果とほぼ同様の成績を示した。したがって, 近赤外分光分析法は, 食肉流通段階における軟脂豚評価を非破壊により簡易・迅速に, 測定できる可能性を持つ方法であることが明かとなった。
Brain Computer Interface for Virtual Reality Control (2009)

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a new communication channel between the human brain and a computer. Applications of BCI systems comprise the restoration of movements, communication and environmental control. In this study experiments were made that used the BCI system to control or to navigate in virtual environments (VE) just by thoughts. BCI experiments for navigation in VR were conducted so far with synchronous BCI and asynchronous BCI systems. The synchronous BCI analyzes the EEG patterns in a predefined time window and has 2 to 3 degrees of freedom.
Graphene: Strong yet Lightweight Row Hammer Protection (2020)

Row Hammer is a serious security threat to modern computing systems using DRAM as main memory. It causes charge loss in DRAM cells adjacent to a frequently activated aggressor row and eventually leads to data bit flips in those cells. Even with countermeasures from hardware vendors for years, many latest DDR4 DRAM-based systems are still vulnerable to Row Hammer. Furthermore, technology scaling continues to reduce the Row Hammer threshold, hence posing even greater challenges than before. Although many architectural solutions for Row Hammer have been proposed in both industry and academia, they still incur substantial overhead in terms of chip area, energy, and performance, fail to provide a sufficient level of protection, or both. Thus, we propose Graphene, a low-cost Row Hammer prevention technique based on a space-efficient algorithm that identifies frequent elements from an incoming data stream. Graphene is provably secure without false negatives and with tightly bounded false positives. Furthermore, Graphene has an order of magnitude smaller area overhead compared to a state-of-the-art counter-based scheme. This makes Graphene a scalable solution to Row Hammer attacks for the memory systems of today and the future. Our evaluation shows that Graphene features nearly zero performance and energy overhead when running realistic workloads. Even for the most adversarial memory access patterns, Graphene increases refresh energy only by 0.34%.