gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CROWN DEVELOPMENT AND SHOOT GROWTH IN <i>BETULA PENDULA</i> ROTH. AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR FORESTRY AND ARBORICULTURE (1984)

(1984). CROWN DEVELOPMENT AND SHOOT GROWTH IN BETULA PENDULA ROTH. AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR FORESTRY AND ARBORICULTURE. Arboricultural Journal: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 245-257.
Mechanisms of transcriptional activation of the mouse claudin-5 promoter by estrogen receptor alpha and beta (2014)

Claudin-5 is an integral membrane protein and a critical component of endothelial tight junctions that control paracellular permeability. Claudin-5 is expressed at high levels in the brain vascular endothelium. Estrogens have multiple effects on vascular physiology and function. The biological actions of estrogens are mediated by two different estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ER alpha and ER beta. Estrogens have beneficial effects in several vascular disorders. Recently we have cloned and characterized a murine claudin-5 promoter and demonstrated 17beta-estradiol (E2)-mediated regulation of claudin-5 in brain and heart microvascular endothelium on promoter, mRNA and protein level. Sequence analysis revealed a putative estrogen response element (ERE) and a putative Sp1 transcription factor binding site in the claudin-5 promoter. The aim of the present study was to further characterize the estrogen-responsive elements of claudin-5 promoter. First, we introduced point mutations in ERE or Sp1 site in -500/+111 or in Sp1 site of -268/+111 claudin-5 promoter construct, respectively. Basal and E2-mediated transcriptional activation of mutated constructs was abrogated in the luciferase reporter gene assay. Next, we examined whether estrogen receptor subtypes bind to the claudin-5 promoter region. For this purpose we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation assays using anti-estrogen receptor antibodies and cellular lysates of E2-treated endothelial cells followed by quantitative PCR analysis. We show enrichment of claudin-5 promoter fragments containing the ERE- and Sp1-binding site in immunoprecipitates after E2 treatment. Finally, in a gel mobility shift assay, we demonstrated DNA-protein interaction of both ER subtypes at ERE. In summary, this study provides evidence that both a non-consensus ERE and a Sp1 site in the claudin-5 promoter are functional and necessary for the basal and E2-mediated activation of the promoter.
Enhanced Low Oxygen Survival in Arabidopsis through Increased Metabolic Flux in the Fermentative Pathway (2003)

We manipulated the enzyme activity levels of the alcohol fermentation pathway, pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in Arabidopsis using sense and antisense overexpression of the corresponding genes (PDC1, PDC2, and ADH1). Transgenic plants were analyzed for levels of fermentation and evaluated for changes in hypoxic survival. Overexpression of either Arabidopsis PDC1 or PDC2 resulted in improved plant survival. In contrast, overexpression of Arabidopsis ADH1 had no effect on flooding survival. These results support the role of PDC as the control step in ethanol fermentation. Although ADH1 null mutants had decreased hypoxic survival, attempts to reduce the level of PDC activity enough to see an effect on plant survival met with limited success. The combination of flooding survival data and metabolite analysis allows identification of critical metabolic flux points. This information can be used to design transgenic strategies to improve hypoxic tolerance in plants.
Neutral Carrier-Type Silver Ion-Selective Electrode Based on Lipophilic Monothiacrown Ether (1988)

Abstract Dodecyl-16-crown-5, which contains one sulfur and four oxygen atoms, was synthesized and tested for its usefulness as a neutral carrier for Ag+-selective electrodes. The resulting ion-selective electrodes exhibited Nernstian response to Ag+ in a wide activity range. The ion selectivities against other heavy metal ions and alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions were quite excellent.
<b>Herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibodies in child psychiatric patients and normal children</b> (1982)

The prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibodies has been investigated in 123 child psychiatric patients and 86 normal children. HSV antibodies were measured by ELISA technique. The prevalence of HSV antibodies in different diagnostic groups (conduct disorder, emotional disorder, hyperkinetic syndrome, anorexia nervosa, infantile autism and borderline schizophrenia in childhood) was compared with age-matched normal children, but no significant differences were found.
The biosynthesis of shikimate metabolites (1994)

P. M. Dewick, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1994, 11, 173 DOI: 10.1039/NP9941100173
Efficient and adaptive parametric modeling for shape optimization of a wingbox (2015)

The main focus of this paper is the development of an adaptive wingbox model and its application to a structural wing optimization. The developed model can be fitted to virtually any external aerodynamic wing shape, which is defined by a set of parametrized NACA airfoils. Different parameters of the internal wing structure e.g. number and location of ribs/spars/stringers, their shape parameters and thicknesses can be varied automatically. As the first step, a sampling-based sensitivity study is performed to determine the importance of design parameters for the defined structural performance measures.
Work and Energy (1978)

All the objectives should be understood to be prefixed by the words ‘The expected learning outcome is that the student…’
Effects of using same- <i>versus</i> alternate-form memory tests during short-interval repeated assessments in multiple sclerosis (2005)

Repeated neuropsychological testing gives rise to practice effects in that patients become familiar with test material as well as test-taking procedures. Using alternate forms prevents the learning of specific test stimuli, potentially mitigating practice effects. However, changing forms could diminish test-retest reliability coefficients. Our objective was to examine test-retest effects in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients randomly assigned to same- (SF) or alternate-form (AF) conditions. Thirty-four MS patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation. The battery included the California Verbal Learning Test II (CVLT-II) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), memory tests recommended by a recently convened consensus panel. Patients were randomly assigned to SF or AF groups and then tested at baseline and follow-up examination 1 week later. Analysis of variance tests (ANOVAs) revealed significant group x time interactions, with SF patients showing greater gain than AF patients. SF practice effects were often large, compromising test validity. Reliability coefficients were either equivalent or higher in the AF group, a finding attributed to ceiling effects and reduced variance in the SF group at retest. The generalizability of the findings may be limited to short test-retest intervals and the MS population. Nevertheless, I conclude that the use of CVLT-II and BVMT-R alternate forms likely helps preserve test validity without compromising test-retest reliability.
<title>Optimized NIF laser system based on ICF target requirements</title> (1997)

The design of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is the result of optimization studies that maximized laser performance and reliability within a restricted cost budget. We modeled the laser using a suite of tools that included a 1D propagation code, a frequency conversion code, a 2D ray trace code for calculating the gain profile, thermo- mechanical codes for calculating the pump-induced distortions in the slabs, a database giving estimates of optics bulk/finish quality, and costing models of the laser/building. By exploiting parallel processing, we were able to consider approximately 750 possible designs per hour using a cluster of 28 workstations. For our optimization studies, we used a temporally shaped (ICF indirect drive) pulse producing at least 2.2 MJ and 600 TW in a 600 micron diameter hole at the target entrance plane. We varied as many as 20 design variables (e.g., slab counts, slab thickness, Nd concentration, amplifier pulse length) and applied as many as 40 constants (e.g., flashlamp voltage and fluence damage/filamentation at various points in the chain). We did not vary the number of beamlets (fixed at 192 or the aperture (fixed at 40 cm). We used three different optimization approaches: a variable metric algorithm, an exhaustive grid search of more than 50,000 candidate designs, and a parabolic interpolation scheme. All three approaches gave similar results. Moreover, a graphical analysis of the parameter scan data (analogous to sorting and pruning designs using a spreadsheet) has allowed us to understand why the optimizers eliminated alternate designs. The most inexpensive main-switch-boot slab configuration meeting the mission requirements and satisfying all constraints was 9-5-3. The cost of this configuration is approximately $DOL10M less than the 9-5-5 conceptual design. However, the NIF Project has chosen a slightly more expensive 11-0-7 configuration for continued Title I engineering because of its similarity to the Beamlet 11-0-5 design and a lower B-integral.
First-order sampling of bandpass signals--A new approach (Corresp.) (1980)

The first-order sampling of a bandpass signal when the upper cutoff frequency is a multiple of the bandwidth is reduced to an application of the low-pass sampling theorem. In the general case, a simple band-imbedding procedure restores the positioning constraint and yields the expansion.
Cleavage of carboxylic acid esters to acid chlorides with dichlorotriphenylphosphorane (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage of carboxylic acid esters to acid chlorides with dichlorotriphenylphosphoraneDonald J. Burton and William M. KoppesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 21, 3026–3032Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00909a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00909a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views776Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detecting Pedestrians by Learning Shapelet Features (2007)

In this paper, we address the problem of detecting pedestrians in still images. We introduce an algorithm for learning shapelet features, a set of mid-level features. These features are focused on local regions of the image and are built from low-level gradient information that discriminates between pedestrian and non-pedestrian classes. Using Ad-aBoost, these shapelet features are created as a combination of oriented gradient responses. To train the final classifier, we use AdaBoost for a second time to select a subset of our learned shapelets. By first focusing locally on smaller feature sets, our algorithm attempts to harvest more useful information than by examining all the low-level features together. We present quantitative results demonstrating the effectiveness of our algorithm. In particular, we obtain an error rate 14 percentage points lower (at 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> FPPW) than the previous state of the art detector of Dalal and Triggs on the INRIA dataset.
Potential Role of PUMA in Delayed Death of Hippocampal CA1 Neurons After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia (2008)

These results imply a potential role for PUMA in delayed CA1 neuronal death after tGCI and that it could be a molecular target for therapy.
Lens Shift Correction in Tracking Servo System for Digital Versatile Rewritable Disc (2000)

In this paper the development of tracking offset correction for playback of a digital versatile rewritable disc (so called DVD-RAM), is described. The slim drive, having a small optical pick-up head with a small objective lens, is easily influenced by the deviation of the push-pull tracking error signal due to lens shift. The DVD-RAM disk format provides information not only on the amount of lens shift using the push-pull tracking error signal of address marks to correct tracking deviation, but also an opportunity to determine the optimum initial lens position using the differential phase tracking error signal.
Customizing Travel Packages with Interactive Composite Items (2017)

We examine the applicability of Composite Items (CIs) for generating customized travel packages consisting of Points of Interest (POIs) in a given city. CIs have been shown to serve complex information needs such as selecting books for a reading club, identifying a set of products for a promotion, or planning a city tour. In the travel domain, a synthesized view of travel options in a city can be provided with a set of cohesive CIs, each of which is covering a different region in the city. In this paper, we attempt to understand the benefit of letting users customize travel packages, and examine the relationship between customization and personalization. For personalization, we gather user preferences on POI features when available or on latent topics extracted from POI tags. For customization, we develop a framework within which a user interacts with proposed travel packages and the system suggests new CIs according to refined user preferences. Our experiments reveal a tension between personalization and the cohesiveness of items forming each CI. As a result, customization is necessary to find a balance between POI personalization and CI cohesiveness. We also show that the refined user preferences obtained from customization in one city help build better travel packages in another city.
Towards Optimal Cardinality Estimation of Unions and Intersections with Sketches (2016)

Estimating the cardinality of unions and intersections of sets is a problem of interest in OLAP. Large data applications often require the use of approximate methods based on small sketches of the data. We give new estimators for the cardinality of unions and intersection and show they approximate an optimal estimation procedure. These estimators enable the improved accuracy of the streaming MinCount sketch to be exploited in distributed settings. Both theoretical and empirical results demonstrate substantial improvements over existing methods.
Luminescence properties of SrS:Ce3+ (1995)

SrS:Ce is an intensively investigated phosphor due to its blue-green electroluminescence, which shows efficient blue emission after filtering. Recently reported devices based on this material have demonstrated a luminous efficiency of 1.6 lm/W. The luminescence properties of SrS:Ce,X (X=Na or Cl) have been studied on powders and thin films. It is shown that a high density of traps in SrS:Ce,X occurs. The interaction of Ce3+ with traps gives rise to a phosphorescence. An energy transfer from Ce3+ to traps is responsible for an observed luminescence quenching in the presence of high electric fields. Moreover, the traps are electrically active and are involved in the electroluminescence process. The observed energy transfer is proposed to be the dominant excitation mechanism of Ce3+ in electroluminescence. It is demonstrated for thin films that the defect density increases with doping; therefore, the luminescence yield is already limited at doping concentrations below the onset of the concentration quenching. Thus, the prepared SrS:Ce,Cl thin films show a lower photoluminescence yield than powders. It is concluded that an undisturbed Ce incorporation into SrS thin films has not been achieved so far, although high electroluminescence efficiencies (1.6 lm/W) have been obtained.
microRNA are Central Players in Anti- and Profibrotic Gene Regulation during Liver Fibrosis (2012)

MicroRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules that posttranscriptionally effect mRNA stability and translation by targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of various transcripts. Thus, dysregulation of miRNA affects a wide range of cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation involved in organ remodeling processes. Divergent miRNA patterns were observed during chronic liver diseases of various etiologies. Chronic liver diseases result in uncontrolled scar formation ending up in liver fibrosis or even cirrhosis. Since it has been shown that miR-29 dysregulation is involved in synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, miR-29 is of special interest. The importance of miR-29 in hepatic collagen homeostasis is underlined by in vivo data showing that experimental severe fibrosis is associated with a prominent miR-29 decrease. The loss of miR-29 is due to the response of hepatic stellate cells to exposure to the profibrogenic mediators TGF-β and PDGF-BB. Several putative binding sites for the Smad proteins and the Ap1 complex are located in the miR-29 promoter, which are suggested to mediate miR-29 decrease in fibrosis. Other miRNA are highly increased after profibrogenic stimulation, such as miR-21. miR-21 is transcriptionally upregulated in response to Smad-3 rather than Smad-2 activation after TGF-β stimulation. In addition, TGF-β promotes miR-21 expression by formation of a microprocessor complex containing Smad proteins. Elevated miR-21 may then act as a profibrogenic miRNA by its repression of the TGF-β inhibitory Smad-7 protein.
Muscle-specific transcriptional activation by MyoD. (1991)

We focus on the mechanism by which MyoD activates transcription. Previous experiments showed that when the 13-amino-acid basic region of E12 replaced the corresponding basic region of MyoD, the resulting MyoD-E12Basic chimeric protein could bind specifically to muscle-specific enhancers in vitro and form dimers with E12, but could not activate a cotransfected reporter gene or convert 10T1/2 cells to muscle. Here we show that back mutation of this chimeric protein (with the corresponding residues in MyoD) re-establishes activation, and we identify a specific alanine involved in increasing DNA binding and a specific threonine required for activation. Using a reporter gene containing MyoD-binding sites located downstream from the transcription start site, we show that MyoD-E12Basic can bind in vivo and thereby inhibit expression of the reporter. In vivo binding is also supported by the fact that the addition of the "constitutive" VP16 activation domain to MyoD-E12Basic restores full trans-activation potential. The normal MyoD-activation domain maps within the amino-terminal 53 residues and can be functionally replaced by the activation domain of VP16. The activity of the MyoD-activation domain is dramatically elevated when deletions are made almost anywhere in the rest of the MyoD molecule, suggesting that the activation domain in MyoD is usually masked. Surprisingly, MyoD-E12Basic can activate transcription in CV1 and B78 cells (but not in 10T1/2 or 3T3 cells), suggesting that the activation function of the basic domain requires a specific factor present in CV1 and B78 cells. We propose that to function, the masked MyoD-activation domain requires the participation of a second factor that recognizes the basic region. We refer to such a factor as a recognition factor.
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells resist necrosis during anoxia by preventing phospholipase-mediated calpain activation (1996)

Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are more resistant to anoxic injury than normal hepatocytes, the mechanisms responsible for this differential sensitivity remain obscure. Because enhanced calpain protease activity contributes to hepatocyte necrosis, we tested the hypothesis that HCC cells resist anoxia by preventing calpain activation. Cell viability in two rat HCC cell lines (N1S1 and McA-RH7777 cells) was fourfold greater compared to rat hepatocytes after 4 h of anoxia. Although calpain activity increased twofold in rat hepatocytes during anoxia, no increase in calpain activity occurred in HCC cells. Western and Northern blot analysis revealed greater or equivalent expression of calpains and calpastatin in HCC cells compared to hepatocytes. Because increases in cytosolic free Ca++ (Cai++) and phospholipid degradation products regulate calpains in vitro, we measured Cai++ and phospholipid degradation. Ca++i did not change in any cell types during 60 min of anoxia. In contrast, phospholipid degradation was fourfold greater in hepatocytes compared to HCC cells. Melittin, a phospholipase A2 activator, increased calpain activity and cell necrosis in all cell types; melittin-induced cell necrosis was ameliorated by a calpain protease inhibitor. In summary, these data demonstrate for the first time 1) calpain activation without a measureable increase in Ca++i, 2) phospholipase-mediated calpain activation in hepatocytes and HCC cells, and 3) the adaptive mechanism responsible for the resistance of HCC cells to anoxia-an inhibition of phospholipid-mediated calpain activation. Interruption of phospholipase-mediated calpain activation may be a therapeutic strategy for preventing anoxic cell injury.
Monitoring Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Activity in Hematopoietic Cells (1999)

Traditionally, methods designed to impair translation through direct interactions with target messenger RNA (mRNA) have been designated as "antisense" strategies because of their reliance on the formation of reverse complementary (antisense) Watson-Crick base pairs between the targeting oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and the mRNA whose function is to be disrupted. Proof of putative "antisense effects," and other mechanistic studies, would be greatly facilitated by the ability to directly demonstrate hybridization between an antisense (AS) ODN and its mRNA target in vivo. In addition, evidence of AS activity by demonstrating reduced levels of RNA or protein or by showing cleaved target molecules would lend proof of the concept. In this article we discuss how AS ODN may be used to down-regulate target gene expression with an emphasis on those targets chosen for our investigations, and we summarize the methods employed for this type of study.
Pore Structure of Cement-Based Materials: Testing, Interpretation and Requirements (2005)

1. Introduction. 2. Specimen Pretreatment. 3. Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry. 4. Gas Adsorption. 5. Pycnometry and Thermoporometry 6. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. 7. Small-Angle Scattering. 8. Microscopic Techniques amd Stereology. 9. Comparison of Results by Various Methods.