gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical Modeling of Global Geogenic Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater (2008)

Contamination of groundwaters with geogenic arsenic poses a major health risk to millions of people. Although the main geochemical mechanisms of arsenic mobilization are well understood, the worldwide scale of affected regions is still unknown. In this study we used a large database of measured arsenic concentration in groundwaters (around 20,000 data points) from around the world as well as digital maps of physical characteristics such as soil, geology, climate, and elevation to model probability maps of global arsenic contamination. A novel rule-based statistical procedure was used to combine the physical data and expert knowledge to delineate two process regions for arsenic mobilization: "reducing" and "high-pH/ oxidizing". Arsenic concentrations were modeled in each region using regression analysis and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inferencing followed by Latin hypercube sampling for uncertainty propagation to produce probability maps. The derived global arsenic models could benefit from more accurate geologic information and aquifer chemical/physical information. Using some proxy surface information, however, the models explained 77% of arsenic variation in reducing regions and 68% of arsenic variation in high-pH/oxidizing regions. The probability maps based on the above models correspond well with the known contaminated regions around the world and delineate new untested areas that have a high probability of arsenic contamination. Notable among these regions are South East and North West of China in Asia, Central Australia, New Zealand, Northern Afghanistan, and Northern Mali and Zambia in Africa.
Association of CTTN polymorphisms with the risk of colorectal cancer (2012)

Purpose: Various studies searching for biomarkers to predict tumor metastasis or prognosis in both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are currently underway. However, few data have been reported on its association with colorectal cancer (CRC). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common known form of human genetic variation and may contribute to an increased susceptibility to cancer including CRC. The present study aimed to investigate whether the polymorphisms in the CTTN gene are associated with susceptibility to CRC in the Korean population. Methods: A case-control study was performed to examine the relationship between the CTTN g.-9101CT, g.-8748CT, and g.72CT polymorphisms and the risk of CRC. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of g.-8748CT, g.-9101CT and Taqman analysis of g.72CT were performed on blood samples from 218 patients with CRC and 533 control individuals. The g.-9101CT, g.-8748CT, and g.72CT SNPs in CTTN and their haplotypes were analyzed. Results: The genotype and allele frequencies of g.-9101CT, g.-8748CT, and g.72CT did not differ between the patient group and the control group. Further, the haplotype of CTTN g.-9101CT, g.-8748CT, and g.72CT did not differ between patient group and the control group. However, the genotype and allele frequencies of CTTN g.-9101CT were significantly increased in the lymph node positive CRC group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The CTTN g.-9101CT polymorphism may influence lymph node positive CRC.
Information leakage via side channels in freespace BB84 quantum cryptography (2009)

While the BB84 protocol is in principle secure, real implementations suffer from imperfections. Here, we analyse a free space BB84 transmitter, operating with polarization encoded attenuated pulses. We report on measurements of all degrees of freedom of the transmitted photons in order to estimate potential side channels of the state preparation at Alice.
Design of Ku-Band Filter based on Substrate-Integrated Circular Cavities (SICCs) (2006)

This paper proposes several topologies of filters based on substrate integrated circular cavities (SICCs). SICC works on TM modes and the benefits of this technology are mainly an increased quality factor and a better design flexibility. Filters are made from cylindrical cavities integrated into a planar substrate and are fed by microstrip lines through coupling slots. Cavities are inter-coupled by irises. One-order, second-order and third-order filters are presented. Preliminary measurement data are compared to those from simulations performed with a 3-D electromagnetic structure simulator. These filters rely on the SICC concept, whose principle is explained hereafter
A platinum Chugaev carbene complex as a potent anticancer agent (2011)

A platinum Chugaev complex was synthesised and fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. This cis bis acyclic diamino carbene complex acts as a cytotoxic compound and behaves as a cisplatin equivalent by interacting with supercoiled DNA and thiols. Stability of the ligand is also discussed.
Differential Interactions of the CREB/ATF Family of Transcription Factors with p300 and Adenovirus E1A (1996)

The adenovirus E1A-associated protein p300 is a transcriptional cofactor that interacts with YY1 and mediates the relief of YY1 transcriptional repression by E1A. These observations raise the possibility that p300 may function as a bridging factor between E1A and cellular transcription factors. Here we show that p300, but not a mutant defective for binding to E1A, activated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein/activating transcription factor (CREB/ATF) binding site-mediated transcription in the presence of E1A. Among proteins that can recognize the CREB/ATF site, CREB appeared to be modulated by E1A in a p300 binding-dependent manner. This effect of E1A was correlated with a specific physical interaction between CREB and p300. These results suggest that p300 plays a crucial role in mediating the functional interplay between E1A and certain members of the CREB/ATF family. Two separate domains within p300 were identified that are capable of activating transcription. One of the domains interacted with the basal factor TFIIB, suggesting that p300 may function as a coactivator by making contacts with both sequence-specific transcription factors and the basal transcriptional machinery. This pivotal role of p300 may make it a prime target for viral proteins such as E1A in programming the cellular transcription machinery.
Versatile Immunosensor Using a Quantum Dot Coated Silica Nanosphere as a Label for Signal Amplification (2010)

A versatile immunosensor using a CdTe quantum dots (QDs) coated silica nanosphere (Si/QD) as a label was proposed for ultrasensitive detection of a biomarker. In this approach, silica nanospheres with good monodispersity and uniform structure were employed as the carrier for immobilization of QDs and antibodies. Rabit IgG served as a model protein to demonstrate the performance of the immunosensor. Goat antirabbit IgG antibody was covalently bound to CdTe QDs on the surface of silica nanospheres. CdTe QDs coated with a silica nanosphere label (Si/QD/Ab2) were attached onto the gold electrode surface through a subsequent "sandwich" immunoreaction. This reaction was confirmed by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and fluorescence microscopic images. Due to signal amplification from the high loading of CdTe QDs, 6.6- and 5.9-fold enhancements in electrochemiluminescent (ECL) and square-wave voltammetric (SWV) signals for IgG detection were achieved compared to the unamplified method. The detection limits for IgG were 1.3 and 0.6 pg mL(-1) for ECL and SWV measurements, respectively. The resulting versatile immunosensor possesses high sensitivity, satisfactory reproducibility and regeneration, and good precision. This simple and specific strategy has vast potential to be used in other biological assays.
A Novel Type of 12-Pulse Converter (1985)

A new family of ac-dc converters for low-voltage high-current applications is introduced in which a peculiar connection of the power transformers is used to ensure current sharing amongst semiconductors.
Conversión de desechos biomásicos en materia prima para empaque y embalaje (1999)

Este articulo esta relacionado con la transformacion de biomasa vegetal en materia prima para empaque y embalaje. 
El objetivo es aprovechar desechos y disminuir la dependencia de la importacion de materias primas para productores de empaques y embalajes. 
La materia prima procede del lirio acuatico que crece en los lagos, lagunas y rios del norte de la vertiente atlantica de Costa Rica. 
El rapido crecimiento de esta planta ocasiona un serio problema para la navegacion en canales, lagunas y lagos de esta zona. Otros problemas que causa esta planta son la sedimentacion, perdida de profundidad y la consecuente reduccion de vida util de canales y lagos y lagunas. 
Este articulo esta compuesto de objetivos, metodologia, instituciones que apoyaron financieramente el proyecto y finalmente se presentan las metas logradas en el proyecto.
Forgotten (almost) but not gone, tuberculosis suddenly looms large on domestic scene (1990)

PREVENTABLE, curable, but largely forgotten—that's been an apt description of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States from the 1940s until recently. However, speakers in Boston at the first World Conference on Lung Health made it clear that for various reasons
B-cell epitopes in hypervariable region 1 of hepatitis C virus obtained from patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (1996)

The hypervariable domain (HVR1) within the N-terminus of the E2 protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to be variable antigenically during the course of persistent infection. The aim of the study was to detect B-cell epitopes in HVR1 responsible for neutralizing HCV. The B-cell epitopes were analyzed using two series of synthetic peptides: 25 heptapeptides from the most common amino acids within 73 HVR1 sequences, and 216 heptapeptides, the sequences of which cover more than 65% of the 73 HVR1 sequences. Sera from three patients with chronic hepatitis C were tested for reactivity to the synthetic peptide sequences by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The post-interferon (IFN) serum of one patient who had a long-term response to treatment reacted specifically with 13 heptapeptides of 216 variable sequences of HVR1. Some of the amino acid sequences (amino acids 398, 399, 400, 404) of the heptapeptides were also found in those deduced from the nucleotide sequences of HCV genomes in the pre-IFN serum. The sera of the other two patients who did not respond to treatment did not react with the 13 heptapeptides. It is concluded that the B-cell epitopes in HVR1 may be relevant for eliminating viremia in the case of the patient who had a good response to treatment. These results suggest that the analysis of the B-cell epitopes recognized in HVR1 may be important in understanding the mechanism of persistent infection and progression of hepatitis.
Induction and deduction for autonomous networks (1993)

The key issues in network management are the representation and sharing of management information and the automatic management mechanisms based on the underlying information infrastructure. The authors propose a framework, which operates on the standard management information base (MIB) and common management information protocol (CMIP), for a network management system with learning and inference as its management engines. In addition to the general domain knowledge, patterns related to the managed network are learned to enhance the understanding of the network and refine the knowledge base. Facts in object-oriented databases or queries from management applications trigger the inference process on logical rules which are either prespecified knowledge or learned network patterns. Forward inference drives prediction and control, while backward inference directs diagnosis and supports view abstraction. A case study on ATM network topology tuning is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alzheimer's Mechanisms in Ischemic Brain Degeneration (2009)

There is increasing evidence for influence of Alzheimer's proteins and neuropathology on ischemic brain injury. This review investigates the relationships between beta-amyloid peptide, apolipoproteins, presenilins, tau protein, alpha-synuclein, inflammation factors, and neuronal survival/death decisions in brain following ischemic episode. The interactions of these molecules and influence on beta-amyloid peptide synthesis and contribution to ischemic brain degeneration and finally to dementia are reviewed. Generation and deposition of beta-amyloid peptide and tau protein pathology are important key players involved in mechanisms in ischemic neurodegeneration as well as in Alzheimer's disease. Current evidence suggests that inflammatory process represents next component, which significantly contribute to degeneration progression. Although inflammation was initially thought to arise secondary to ischemic neurodegeneration, recent studies present that inflammatory mediators may stimulate amyloid precursor protein metabolism by upregulation of beta-secretase and therefore are able to establish a vicious cycle. Functional brain recovery after ischemic lesion was delayed and incomplete by an injury-related increase in the amount of the neurotoxic C-terminal of amyloid precursor protein and beta-amyloid peptide. Moreover, ischemic neurodegeneration is strongly accelerated with aging, too. New therapeutic alternatives targeting these proteins and repairing related neuronal changes are under development for the treatment of ischemic brain consequences including memory loss prevention.
Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Rate Measurements by Flow Division and Separation Method (2012)

In this chapter we shall introduce a new and practical method for two-phase flow rate measurement, which is known as flow division and separation method. As its name suggested, a two-phase flow is measured by diverting a small fraction of the total stream to a division loop and metering it with the separation means. This method has been developed in Xi'an jiaotong university since the end of last century, and extensively studied in laboratory, some of the meters have been successfully applied in engineering. At first we briefly introduce the flow division technique in single phase flow, then we discuss how this method can be used in gas-liquid two-phase flow measurements, further more we shall give three detail examples of this kind of two-phase flow meters.
<i>In vivo</i> Cytotoxicity of Type I CD20 Antibodies Critically Depends on Fc Receptor ITAM Signaling (2010)

Antibody-Fc receptor (FcR) interactions play an important role in the mechanism of action of most therapeutic antibodies against cancer. Effector cell activation through FcR triggering may induce tumor cell killing via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Reciprocally, FcR cross-linking of antibody may lead to the induction of apoptotic signaling in tumor cells. The relative importance of these bisecting pathways to in vivo antibody activity is unknown. To unravel these roles, we developed a novel mouse model with normal FcR expression but in which FcR signaling was inactivated by mutation of the associated gamma-chain. Transgenic mice showed similar immune complex binding compared with wild-type mice. In contrast, ADCC of cells expressing frequently used cancer targets, such as CD20, epidermal growth factor receptor, Her2, and gp75, was abrogated. Using the therapeutic CD20 antibodies ofatumumab and rituximab, we show that FcR cross-linking of antibody-antigen immune complexes in the absence of gamma-chain signaling is insufficient for their therapeutic activity in vivo. ADCC therefore represents an essential mechanism of action for immunotherapy of lymphoid tumors.
Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane/Functionalized Graphene Sheet Nanocomposites Prepared by an in situ Method (2009)

Abstract Nanocomposites of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with functionalized graphene sheets (FGS) were prepared by an in situ method. The morphology observed by transmission electron microscopy showed that pristine nanosize FGS can be finely dispersed in a WPU matrix so that it can efficiently improve the conductivity of WPU. The modulus improvement by the reinforcing effect of FGS was more evident than our previous results of nanocomposites prepared by a physical mixing method, showing that the interactions between FGS and WPU were improved when made by the in situ method. In addition, the FGS enhanced the crystallization of the soft segment of WPU evidently; however, it reduced that of the hard segment. The thermal degradation of WPU was accelerated by FGS. magnified image
Pilot run, plant design and cost analysis for reductive ozonolysis of methyl soyate (1972)

Abstract Preparation of methyl azelaaldehydate dimethyl acetal (MAzDA) from methyl soyate was investigated on a pilot scale via the sequence ozonization, hydrogenation, acetalization and fractional distillation. A water‐methyl soyate emulsion for the ozonization step was preferred to methanolic solution or neat methyl soyate for reasons of cost and safety. Ozonization of the water‐methyl soyate emulsion (1.63:1 ratio) in a six‐plate sieve tower produced 1271 lb aqueous peroxidic emulsion during 12 days of continuous operation. Because a continuous hydrogenation facility was not available, reduction was done in 200 lb batches. Since batch hydrogenation of the peroxidic emulsion in this quantity was difficult to control and optimum conditions were difficult to maintain, maximum yield of the product was only 56%. The average yield for seven batches was 48.3%. However laboratory hydrogenation under optimum conditions of periodic samples taken from the sieve tower discharge indicated an overall yield of 74.5% (average of eight monitor samples). A plant designed to produce 10 million lb annually should be capable of producing MAzDA at a total manufacturing cost of 39 cents/lb or a net manufacturing cost of 27 cents/lb with byproduct credit conservatively estimated. Methyl soyate ozonolysis products are not sensitive to detonation, and their exothermic decomposition is greatly moderated by the presence of water.
Asian traditional medicine: from molecular biology to organ circulation. (2000)

Asian tradition medicine (ATM), such as herbal medicine and acupuncture, has been widely used in the treatment of diseases, but the effects still remain unclear at the level of the microcirculation. Up to now, a variety of approaches have been made to comprehensively evaluate the significance of ATM. Microcirculatory studies of ATM are introduced with reference to the history of international workshops in Asia.
Motions to Make Specific and to Resolve Conclusions (1931)

Certainty in pleadings, according to My Lord Coke, as expounded at the common law, were met with in three sorts or degrees: (1) certainty to a common intent; (2) certainty to a certain intent in general; and, (3) certainty to a certain intent in every particular. 7 Certainty to a common intent, the lowest degree permissible under the rules, was sufficient only in pleas in bar, rejoinders, and such other pleadings on the part of the defendant as went to the action, e. g., the general issue; payment; failure of consideration, etc., etc. 8 Certainty to a certain intent in general, was required in counts, replications, and other pleadings on the part of the plaintiff. 9 Mr. Justice Buller, in essaying a distinction between the first two forms of certainty, observed:"By a common intent I understand, that when words are used that will bear a natural sense and also an artificial, one or one to be made out by argument and inference, the natural sense shall prevail.It is simply a rule of construction, and not of addition.Common intent cannot add to a sentence words which are omitted; but where certainty to a certain intent in general is required, if words are used which will bear these two senses, they may be taken, it seems, either way against the party pleading; though as against the adverse party they can be understood only in their natural sense: so that if either sense will operate against the pleading, his pleading is defective.By 'certainty to a certain intent in general' is meant what, upon a fair and reasonable construction may be called certain, without recurring to possible facts which do not appear."' 1When the pleading was required to be "certain to a certain intent in every particular," the utmost fullness in particularity of statement as well as the highest attainable accuracy was requisite.On the one hand, nothing was to be supplied by intendment or construction, and on the other, no supposable special answer unobviated."lThe latter was required in special diliatory pleas, such as pleas in abatement, and the rule survives to the present day. 12
Enantioselective syntheses of 3-substituted 4-(alkoxycarbonyl)-2-azetidinones from malic acid (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective syntheses of 3-substituted 4-(alkoxycarbonyl)-2-azetidinones from malic acidMarvin J. Miller, Joginder S. Bajwa, Phillip G. Mattingly, and Kathleen PetersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 25, 4928–4933Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00146a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00146a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views981Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Complex Fresnel hologram display using a single SLM (2011)

We propose a novel optical method to display a complex Fresnel hologram using a single spatial light modulator (SLM). The method consists of a standard coherent image processing system with a sinusoidal grating at the Fourier plane. Two or three position-shifted amplitude holograms displayed at the input plane of the processing system can be coupled via the grating and will be precisely overlapped at the system's output plane. As a result, we can synthesize a complex hologram that is free of the twin image and the zero-order light using a single SLM. Because the twin image is not removed via filtering, the full bandwidth of the SLM can be utilized for displaying on-axis holograms. In addition, the degree of freedom of the synthesized complex hologram display can be extended by involving more than three amplitude holograms.