gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial effect of dressings containing multivalent silver ion carried by zirconium phosphate on experimental rat burn wounds (2008)

To evaluate the antibacterial effect of multivalent silver ion carried by zirconium phosphate (ZP-Ag) both in vitro and in an experimental rat burn wound compared with that of sulfadiazine silver (SD-Ag). Firstly, the minimal inhibition concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration of ZP-Ag to three different strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli) were compared with those of SD-Ag in vitro. Following this dressings containing the same mass of ZP-Ag or SD-Ag were applied to wounds in a rat burn model and their antimicrobial activity assayed. The inflammatory response of the wounds managed with the two kinds of dressings was compared. Both the minimal inhibition concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of ZP-Ag to S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli were two to four times lower than those of SD-Ag. In vivo ZP-Ag had a more effective antibacterial action inhibiting the growth of the above three bacterial strains under burn scar, compared with dressings made from the same mass of SD-Ag. Moreover, the antibacterial effect was unchanged after the ZP-Ag dressings were washed 20 times, while it dramatically decreased after the dressings with SD-Ag were washed 20 times. When covered by either regular or washed ZP-Ag dressings, the wounds showed integrity with no visible inflammatory reaction. However, various extents of inflammatory reactions on or around the wounds covered with regular SD-Ag dressing were observed. This study showed that dressings with ZP-Ag had a prominent and relative long-term antibacterial effect. ZP-Ag dressings could be an effective, low-cost management option for burn wounds.
India's national biotechnology development strategy – a policy mired with controversies (2009)

For many years, the country has witnessed funding decisions from Department of Biotechnology (DBT), the premier national funding agency, without a vision document in place. A draft for biotechnology policy was hurriedly framed recently in two swift meetings of the Expert Committee constituted for the purpose; one was the inaugural meeting, followed by another meeting. There was one or the other sub committee meeting in addition. Surprisingly, no minutes of the meetings were circulated to the members of Expert Committee and suddenly the draft “National Biotechnology Development Strategy” appeared on the DBT website with a stipulated 6 week period for comments. doi : 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.2009.160102
Chemistry of 2-substituted adamantanes. II. Preparation of 2-adamantanethiol and some of its derivatives. Aromatic solvent-induced shifts in their n.m.r. spectra (1970)

Reduction (NaBH 4 ) of adamantanethione gives high yields of pure 2-adamantanethiol, from which several derivatives including the methyl sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone were prepared. The sulfenyl chloride was prepared and used insitu. From the n.m.r. spectra the aromatic solvent-induced shifts Δ = τ(benzene) – τ(CCl 4 or CDCl 3 ) were determined, where possible.
Comb-push Ultrasound Shear Elastography (CUSE): A novel and fast technique for shear elasticity imaging (2012)

Multiple push-detect acquisitions are typically required in current acoustic radiation force based shear wave elasticity imaging methods to reconstruct a full FOV elasticity map, which can result in potential motion artifacts and difficulties in studying tissue dynamic mechanical properties. Comb-push Ultrasound Shear Elastography (CUSE) is a novel and fast shear elasticity imaging technique which utilizes the comb-push to produce a complex shear wave field with shear waves propagating through all imaging pixels so that a full FOV shear elasticity map can be reconstructed with only one rapid data acquisition (less than 25 ms). Three versions of CUSE are presented in this paper: Unfocused CUSE (U-CUSE), Focused CUSE (F-CUSE), and Marching CUSE (M-CUSE). Homogeneous and inclusion phantom experiments showed that all CUSE methods produced accurate and smooth shear elasticity maps with excellent contrast between the inclusion and background. Comparable elasticity maps to Supersonic Shear Imaging (SSI) could be obtained using CUSE, with low MI and heating. Finally, the feasibility of using CUSE in clinical studies was demonstrated by promising results from preliminary in vivo case studies on human biceps muscle, thyroid, breast and liver.
The Influence of β2-Glycoprotein I on Tissue Factor Activity (1998)

The beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI) is known for its procoagulant as well as anticoagulant properties. The influence of beta2-GPI on tissue factor (TF) activity was investigated by chromogenic assays for both factor Xa generation and factor VIIa activity. When 1.36 mg/mL beta2-GPI was added to phospholipids prior to the addition of TF and factor VIIa, the TF activity was moderately inhibited by beta2-GPI in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of TF activity by beta2-GPI required incubation for at least 20 min. When beta2-GPI was added to the mixture of phospholipids and TF followed by the addition of factor VIIa, the TF activity was little affected by the addition of beta2-GPI. The TF activity was inhibited when beta2-GPI was added after forming a complex with TF and factor VIIa. The results suggest that beta2-GPI inhibits both the reconstitution of TF with phospholipids and factor Xa generation by the TF factor-VIIa complex but does not affect the formation of a TF factor-VIIa complex.
A review of multiple-valued memory technology (2002)

This paper provides a brief overview of semiconductor memory design from the perspective of the impact multiple-valued circuit techniques are making on modern day implementations. The focus is primarily on CMOS-related technologies.
A facile preparation of some novel class II mesoionic xanthine acyclonucleosides (1996)

Abstract The synthesis of the first examples of Class II mesoionic xanthine acyclonucleosides is described. A series of mesoionic anhydro ‐(8‐methoxyalkyl‐5‐hydroxy‐7‐oxothiazolo[3,2‐ a ]pyrimidinium hydroxides), Class II mesoionic analogs isoconjugate with xanthine, were prepared by the thermal condensation of methoxyalkyl‐2‐aminothiazoles with substituted bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)malonic esters. The memoxyalkyl‐2‐aminothiazoles were prepared via an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction between 2‐bromothiazole and the appropriate methoxyalkylamine in excess. The resulting 8‐methoxyalkyl‐substituted mesoionic xanthines were demethylated using iodotrimethylsilane in acetonitrile at room temperature to afford the corresponding mesoionic anhydro ‐(8‐hydroxyalkyl‐5‐hydroxy‐7‐oxothiazolo[3,2‐ a ]pyrimidinium hydroxides) as the Class II mesoionic xanthine acyclonucleosides.
Chronic blockade of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) prevents and attenuates neuropathic pain behavior and spontaneous ectopic neuronal activity following nerve injury (2010)

Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain state resulting from peripheral nerve injury, characterized by hyperalgesia and allodynia. We have reported that mice with genetic impairment of IL-1 signaling display attenuated neuropathic pain behavior and ectopic neuronal activity. In order to substantiate the role of IL-1 in neuropathic pain, WT mice were implanted subcutaneously with osmotic micropumps containing either IL-1ra or vehicle. Two days following the implantation, two models of neuropathic pain were used; partial nerve injury (spinal nerve transection, SNT), or complete nerve cut (spinal neuroma model). Mechanosensitivity was assessed seven consecutive days following SNT, and on day 7 recordings of spontaneous ectopic activity were performed. In the spinal nerve neuroma model, autotomy scores were recorded up to 35 days. Vehicle-treated mice developed significant allodynia and autotomy, and clear ectopic activity (4.1±1.1% of the axons); whereas IL-1ra-treated mice did not display allodynic response, displayed delayed onset of autotomy and markedly reduced severity of autotomy scores, and displayed reduced spontaneous activity (0.8±0.4% of the axons). To test whether IL-1 is involved in maintenance of mechanical allodynia, a separate group of WT mice was treated with a single injection of either saline or IL-1ra four days following SNT, after the allodynic response was already manifested. Whereas saline-treated mice displayed robust allodynia, acute IL-1ra treatment induced long-lasting attenuation of the allodynic response. The results support our hypothesis that IL-1 signaling plays an important role in neuropathic pain and in the ectopic neuronal activity that underling its development.
A Space Mapping Methodology for Defect Characterization From Magnetic Flux Leakage Measurements (2008)

We present an inversion methodology for defect characterization using the data from magnetic flux leakage (MFL) measurements. We use a single tangential component of the leakage field as the MFL response. The inversion procedure employs the space mapping methodology. Space mapping is an efficient technique that shifts the optimization burden from a computationally expensive accurate (fine) model to a less accurate (coarse) but fast model. Here the fine model is a finite-element method (FEM) simulation, while the coarse model is based on analytical formulas. We achieve good estimation of the defect parameters using just a few FEM simulations, which leads to substantial savings in computational cost as compared to other optimization approaches. We examine the efficiency of the proposed inversion technique in estimating the shape parameters of rectangular and cylindrical defects in steel pipes. Our results show good agreement between the actual and estimated defect parameters.
Performance of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells with Sputter-Deposited Anode Catalyst Layers (1999)

Performance of direct methanol fuel cells with sputter‐deposited anodes was investigated. The thin film catalyst layers were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Different catalyst loadings and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication processes were tested. The maximum power density achieved at was , and almost was attained with a loading of only . The results demonstrate that a catalyst utilization of at least can be achieved at current densities ranging from 260 to . The application of the sputter‐deposition method for MEA fabrication is particularly attractive for commercialization of direct methanol fuel cell technology. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
Experience with a New Multifunctional Articulated Instrument Holder in Minimally Invasive Navigated Neurosurgery (1998)

A new multifunctional articulated instrument holder for use in minimally invasive navigated neurosurgery is presented. The instrument holder is secured to the Mayfield clamp, yielding permanent fixation and guidance of instruments. Thus, surgical conditions with the advantages of both conventional and frameless stereotaxic neurosurgery are created without sacrificing the relevant advantages of both methods. Accuracy testing of the instrument holder in combination with the neuronavigation system EasyGuide Neuro demonstrated an error of 0.0 to 2.4 (mean 1.6) mm. In clinical testing, the device has been used for guided catheter insertions, pointer fixation for continuous intraoperative guidance and trajectory planning, navigated endoscopic procedures, and navigated intracerebral biopsies in totally 53 patients.
Dose Reduction and Compliance with Pediatric CT Protocols Adapted to Patient Size, Clinical Indication, and Number of Prior Studies (2009)

Substantial dose reduction and high compliance can be obtained with pediatric CT protocols tailored to clinical indications, patient weight, and number of prior studies.
Rapid Counting Method of Living Cells by Fluorescent Enzyme Substrates (1991)

The 5(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (C-FDA) is used for a rapid and continuous counting of living cells. Nonfluorescent C-FDA is converted into fluorescent 5(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein (C-F) by the reaction with esterase, which is an enzyme of living cells. The conversion makes it possible to count the number of living cells by detecting fluorescence. Experimental results show that the living cells of beer's yeast, E. coli, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus can be detected by fluorescence. The flow cell system was used to experiment a continuous detection of living cells, so that the number of living cells of beer's yeast can be detected continuously. The proposed method can be applied to the on-line counting in the food plants.
Mechanistic Investigations of the Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols (2008)

The commercially available catalysts [(Cp*IrCl2)2] is employed with O2 as the terminal oxidant in the presence of catalytic amounts of Et3N for the aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. A new mechanism for the Ir-catalyzed aerobic oxidation is also presented that suggests that the transition metal maintains its +3 oxidation state throughout the entire catalytic cycle.
Chemistry and electronic properties of a metal-organic semiconductor interface: In on CuPc (2005)

The chemistry and electronic structure of the interface between indium metal deposited onto thin films of CuPc (copper phthalocyanine) have been studied as a function of indium deposition using valence band (VB) and core level (CL) photoemission spectroscopy (PE). Two stages of the $\mathrm{In}∕\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{Pc}$ interface formation upon In deposition have been observed. The first stage is characterized by a strong diffusion of the In atoms into the organic film. Metal ions occupy sites close to the pyrolle nitrogens of CuPc and strongly interact with molecules transferring negative charge. Indium diffusion into the organic films stops at a stoichiometry of ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{Pc}$. Subsequently, in the second stage the formation of a metallic indium film occurs on the top of the ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{Pc}$ film.
Energy landscape theory for Alzheimer's amyloid ?-peptide fibril elongation (2000)

Recent experiments on the kinetics of deposition and fibril elongation of the Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide on preexisting fibrils are analyzed. A mechanism is developed based on the dock-and-lock scheme recently proposed by Maggio and coworkers to organize their experimental observations of the kinetics of deposition of beta-peptide on preexisting amyloid fibrils and deposits. Our mechanism includes channels for (1) a one-step prion-like direct deposition on fibrils of activated monomeric peptide in solution, and (2) a two-step deposition of unactivated peptide on fibrils and subsequent reorganization of the peptide-fibril complex. In this way, the mechanism and implied "energy landscape" unify a number of schemes proposed to describe the process of fibril elongation. This beta-amyloid landscape mechanism (beta ALM) is found to be in good agreement with existing experimental data. A number of experimental tests of the mechanism are proposed. The mechanism leads to a clear definition of overall equilibrium or rate constants in terms of the energetics of the elementary underlying processes. Analysis of existing experimental data suggests that fibril elongation occurs through a two-step mechanism of nonspecific peptide absorption and reorganization. The mechanism predicts a turnover in the rate of fibril elongation as a function of temperature and denaturant concentration. Proteins 2001;42:217-229.
Biochemical Response of Soybean Roots to <i>Fusarium solani</i> f. sp. <i>glycines</i> Infection (2004)

The soil‐borne fungus Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines (FSG) infects soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] roots and causes the disease sudden death syndrome (SDS). The biochemical response of soybean roots to FSG infection, which has not been studied before, was investigated by comparing FSG‐inoculated and noninoculated roots of two partially resistant (‘PI 520733’ and ‘PI 567374’) and susceptible (‘Spencer’) genotypes. Activity of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, was increased in inoculated roots of all three genotypes. The phytoalexin glyceollin increased to much higher levels in inoculated roots of the partially resistant cultivars PI 520733 and PI 567374 than in the susceptible Spencer. The changes in phenolic metabolism were localized in lesion‐containing areas of roots rather than in the new portion growing under the FSG inoculum. No clear correlation was found between the glyceollin precursor daidzein (4′,7‐dihydroxyisoflavone) and its conjugates and glyceollin levels in root tissues; however, isoflavone levels increased only in roots of inoculated plants of partially resistant lines, even though constitutive isoflavone levels were higher in the susceptible control. The FSG growth on potato dextrose agar medium was inhibited by increasing concentrations of glyceollin. Induction of lignin synthesis was found in the inoculated roots of all three lines, with the highest rate of lignification observed in roots of the partially resistant genotypes, especially PI 567374. These studies show for the first time that FSG inoculation of soybean roots in soil induces the phenylpropanoid pathway to synthesize isoflavones, the phytoalexin glyceollin, and lignin, indicating that these compounds may be involved in the partial resistance response.
Substrate regulation of the glucose transport system in rat skeletal muscle. Characterization and kinetic analysis in isolated soleus muscle and skeletal muscle cells in culture. (1986)

A self-regulatory mechanism of the glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle cells is described. In isolated rat soleus muscles and rat skeletal myocytes and myotubes in culture, pre-exposure to varying glucose concentrations modulated the rate of 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Maximal uptake was observed at glucose concentrations below 3 mM. Between 2.5 and 4.0 mM glucose it was reduced by 25-35%; further elevation of the glucose concentration resulted in a gradual decrease of the transport rate by approximately 2% for each millimolar glucose. The effect of glucose was time-dependent and fully reversible. Insulin rapidly increased the 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the soleus muscle; however, the insulin effect depended on the glucose concentration of the preincubation. Insulin was totally ineffective in muscles pre-exposed to 1.0-3.0 mM glucose, whereas its stimulatory action increased with increasing glucose concentrations above 4 mM. The effect of low glucose and insulin were not additive, and the maximal 2-deoxyglucose uptake rates induced by both conditions were of identical magnitude. It is postulated that glucose may "up- and down-regulate" its transport by affecting the number of active glucose transporters in the plasma membrane, and that insulin exerts its stimulatory effect only when the extracellular glucose reaches a threshold concentration.
Interactions between the quaternary structure of the globin and the spin state of the heme in ferric mixed spin derivatives of hemoglobin (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractions between the quaternary structure of the globin and the spin state of the heme in ferric mixed spin derivatives of hemoglobinMax F. Perutz, Jeremy K. M. Sanders, David H. Chenery, Robert W. Noble, Russell R. Pennelly, Leslie W. M. Fung, Chien Ho, Ivo Giannini, Dietmar Poerschke, and Heinz WinklerCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 17, 3640–3652Publication Date (Print):August 22, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 22 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00610a034https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00610a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Clostridium difficile</i> PCR ribotype 078 toxinotype V found in diarrhoeal pigs identical to isolates from affected humans (2008)

In diseased piglets from two Dutch pig-breeding farms with neonatal diarrhoea for more than a year, culture and PCR analyses identified the involved microorganism as Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 harbouring toxin A (tcdA) and B (tcdB), and binary toxin genes. Isolated strains showed a 39 bp deletion in the tcdC gene and they were ermB gene-negative. A number of 11 porcine and 21 human isolated C. difficile PCR ribotype 078 toxinotype V strains were found genetically related by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Moreover, a clonal complex was identified, containing both porcine and human isolates. The porcine isolates showed an antimicrobial susceptibility profile overlapping that of isolates from Dutch human patients. On the basis of these pheno- and genotypical analyses results, it was concluded that the strains from affected piglets were indistinguishable from increasingly encountered C. difficile PCR ribotype 078 strains of human C. difficile infections in the Dutch population and that a common origin of animal and humans strains should be considered.