gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dopamine in Hypophysial Portal Blood: Relationship to Circulating Prolactin in Pregnant and Lactating Rats* (1980)

The relationship between dopamine (DA) concentration in hypophysial portal blood and that of PRL in systemic blood during gestation and lactation was investigated. PRL level in plasma collected by decapitation was low during the 18–21 days of gestation, increased on day 22, and remained elevated throughout the first 10 days of lactation. Separation of mothers from pups for 24 h resulted in a marked reduction in plasma PRL concentration. DA, but not norepinephrine or epinephrine, was higher in portal than in arterial plasma in all rats. DA in portal plasma of 18- to 21-day pregnant rats [4.9 ± 0.7 ng/ ml, (mean ± SEM)] was significantly higher than that in portal plasma from 1- to 5- and 6- to 10-day lactating rats (2.9 ± 0.3 and 2.7 ± 0.4 ng/ml, respectively). Separation of mothers from pups for 24 h resulted in a significant elevation of portal plasma dopamine compared with separation for 30 min. No differences were found in hypothalamic, anterior, or posterior pituitary catecholamine concentrations as a result of pup separation. In contrast to plasma collected by decapitation, the PRL level in plasma collected from femoral cannulae of anesthetized rats before removal of the pituitary was low, without apparent differences among the various groups of rats. Therefore, the effects of anesthesia and surgical trauma on catecholamine and PRL secretion were examined. Pentobarbital anesthesia and surgical trauma caused marked changes in circulating norepinephrine and epinephrine but not DA concentrations. In vitro incubation of dispersed rat pituitary cells with 100 μg/trA sodium pentobarbital resulted in a 50% inhibition of PRL secretion;, incubation with DA at a range of 1.5–15 ng/ml resulted in 30–75% inhibition, respectively. The following conclusions were reached. 1) Under physiological conditions of low PRL release, hypothalamic DA secretion is elevated, and when release is elevated, DA secretion is reduced. 2) DA levels in hypophysial portal blood are well within the range of concentrations which are very effective in inhibiting PRL secretion in vitro. 3) The inability to show reciprocal relations between DA in portal blood and PRL in systemic blood of the same rats might be due to the direct inhibition of PRL secretion from pituitary lactotrophs by pentobarbital rather than action via the hypothalamic dopaminergic system. (Endocrinology106: 690, 1980)
Improving results of thermographic inspections of electrical transmission and distribution lines (2002)

Inspecting compression splices on transmission and distribution lines has long been accomplished using infrared thermography but the results have too often been disappointing. There are instances of splices failing within months of infrared inspections. An understanding of the actual condition of the splices had been "masked" by one or more of the factors discussed in this paper. A number of factors are involved, including a poor understanding of the application of the technology; inadequate training of some service providers; environmental factors; low electrical loading; the resolution limitations of the inspection equipment; low emissivity of the components, and poor interpretation of the data. Too often the severity of the problems found has been underestimated and some bad fittings have simply not been located. In a deregulated environment, electric utilities will require more predictable reliability. In part, this will be accomplished through a much higher level of confidence in the assessment of the condition of compression fittings. This paper discusses the background for using thermography in the industry and the results that have been achieved in the past, as well as the use of resistance measurements to assess the condition of compression fittings. It also details steps that can be taken to improve the infrared results to provide for greater confidence in the interpretation of the data collected.
Properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in heart cell cultures (1978)

The binding of acetylcholine to receptors in the intact heart causes a decrease in the frequency (chronotropic effect) and force (ionotropic effect) of contraction. The studies reported here demonstrate a chronotropic response of cultured embryonic chicken heart cells to the muscarinic agonist carbamoylcholine. This response is markedly decreased after a 3-hr incubation with 0.1 mM carbamoylcholine. In order to determine whether agonist-induced alterations in muscarinic receptors were responsible for this decrease, we studied the effects of incubation with carbamoylcholine on the binding of the (3)H-labeled muscarinic antagonist quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to homogenates of heart cell cultures. [(3)H]QNB binding to homogenates of cultures of embryonic hearts of chicks 9 days in ovo was characterized and shown to have properties similar to those of muscarinic receptors in intact hearts. Binding was both specific and saturable. [(3)H]QNB was displaced by muscarinic agonists and antagonists in concentrations consistent with their known potency. Binding was poorly inhibited by the nicotinic antagonist D-tubocurarine. Kinetic analysis of the binding of QNB by muscarinic receptors showed that initially the reaction proceeds by formation of a rapidly reversible complex with a K(d) of 1.8 nM, which is converted to a slowly reversible form. These properties of muscarinic receptors in heart cell cultures are strikingly similar to those observed in homogenates of intact hearts. Homogenates of heart cell cultures bound 84 +/- 6 fmol (mean +/- SD) of QNB per mg of protein. The number of receptors remained stable from day 4 to day 8 in culture. Incubation of cultures with 0.1 mM carbamoylcholine for 3 hr decreased QNB binding by 55%, to 38 +/- 5 fmol/mg protein. When cell cultures were first homogenized and then incubated with carbamoylcholine, no decrease in QNB binding sites could be detected. Thus, incubation with carbamoylcholine causes loss of muscarinic binding sites as well as decreased physiologic responsiveness to muscarinic agonists.
Arthritis and aging (1992)

Thirty-seven million Americans suffer from some form of arthritis and the prevalence of arthritis among the elderly is particularly high. Therefore it is not surprising that there is a large new literature directed toward the epidemiology and health services for the older individual with arthritis. Many studies in osteoarthritis have refined the minutia or confirmed earlier work. Osteoarthritis increases with age and accounts for 46 million patient visits each year, with knee arthritis accounting for the most common complaint initiating such visits. Late stage rheumatoid arthritis has again been strongly associated with shortened life span, and factors predicting early death have been identified. Meanwhile, the "pyramid model" of rheumatoid arthritis treatment has been challenged. Of interest is the identification of obesity as a major risk factor for disability in elderly patients with arthritis and the fact that the incidence of hip fracture in the elderly, already known to be high, may be increasing. A provocative report suggests that mass screening for osteoporosis followed by selective treatment may be more cost effective than empirical treatment of all postmenopausal women.
Haemoglobinopathies in southeast Asia. (2011)

In Southeast Asia α-thalassaemia, β-thalassaemia, haemoglobin (Hb) E and Hb Constant Spring (CS) are prevalent. The abnormal genes in different combinations lead to over 60 different thalassaemia syndromes, making Southeast Asia the locality with the most complex thalassaemia genotypes. The four major thalassaemic diseases are Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis (homozygous α-thalassaemia 1), homozygous β-thalassaemia, β-thalassaemia/Hb E and Hb H diseases. α-Thalassaemia, most often, occurs from gene deletions whereas point mutations and small deletions or insertions in the β-globin gene sequence are the major molecular defects responsible for most β-thalassaemias. Clinical manifestations of α-thalassaemia range from asymptomatic cases with normal findings to the totally lethal Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome. Homozygosity of β-thalassaemia results in a severe thalassaemic disease while the patients with compound heterozygosity, β-thalassaemia/Hb E, present variable severity of anaemia, and some can be as severe as homozygous β-thalassaemia. Concomitant inheritance of α-thalassaemia and increased production of Hb F are responsible for mild clinical phenotypes in some patients. However, there are still some unknown factors that can modulate disease severity in both α- and β-thalassaemias. Therefore, it is possible to set a strategy for prevention and control of thalassaemia, which includes population screening for heterozygotes, genetic counselling and foetal diagnosis with selective abortion of affected pregnancies.
Virucidal effect of acetic acid and vinegar on SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Abstract Given the potential infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on surfaces for hours to days, it is important to find safe and effective disinfecting agents to help prevent the spread and transmission of this new virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Toward this end, in this study, the virucidal effect of acetic acid and vinegar, as safe foods, on SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated. Both 4% and 6% acetic acid aqueous solutions effectively inactivated the virus after 5-min incubation with a reduction over 4 log, resulting in a viral titre below the detection limit. In addition, white distilled vinegar (5% and 6% acetic acid concentrations) inactivated SARS-CoV-2 after 1-min incubation with reduction of over 4 log and a viral titre below the detection limit. These preliminary findings provide valuable information on the inactivation of SARS-CoV2, offering insight for effective infection control.
From the Principle of Areno‐Analogy to Heterocyclopolyaromatic Compounds (1979)

Abstract Organometallic linkage of heteroaromatic compounds provided a means of synthesizing complicated combinations of heteroaromatic compounds; not only nucleophilic aromatic substitution, but also “ArCu/ArHal linkage”, “organometallic oxidative linkage”, and “metal amide linkage” have been employed. The heterocyclopolyaromatic compounds are made of one, two, or three kinds of heteroaromatic species as ring members. These syntheses illustrate the construction of heterocycles from large, performed structural units. Competition experiments showed that the reactivity typical of the individual species is enhanced in open‐chain combinations (Ar Nu ) n and (Ar E ) n (Ar Nu , Ar E : nucleo‐ and electrophilic heteroaromatic systems, respectively); the opposite situation is mostly encountered in the case of Ar Nu A E combinations.—Cycloocta[1,2‐ b :4,3‐ b ′5,6‐ b ″:8,7‐ b ‴]tetrathiophene, the only heterocyclopolyaromatic system yet to have been studied in detail, proved surprisingly inclined to undergo monosubstitution reactions.
Urinary trypsin inhibitory activity for the diagnosis of bacterial infection: a prospective study in 690 patients. (1992)

During the acute phase response, interleukin-1 induces production of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor. The measurement of urinary trypsin inhibitory activity which results from the effects of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor degradation products is easy, quick and inexpensive. We conducted a prospective study to investigate its value as a diagnostic tool in comparison with C-reactive protein.Comparisons were made in 690 consecutive patients at admission to a department of internal medicine.The level of urinary trypsin inhibitory activity was significantly higher in patients with bacterial infection (mean = 123 IU/g creatinine) than in patients with either viral infection (34 IU), cancer (50 IU), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate without infection (45 IU), miscellaneous non-inflammatory diseases (27 IU) or in non-organic controls (19 IU) (Dunnet's test, p << 0.01). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that sensitivity and specificity of urinary trypsin inhibitory activity were higher than those of C-Reactive protein for the diagnosis of bacterial infection. For levels > or = 60 IU, sensitivity was 75% and specificity 89%. Urinary trypsin inhibitory activity levels fell within 2 days in patients treated for acute bacterial infection.Urinary trypsin inhibitory activity could be a useful marker of bacterial infection particularly in patients with fever of unknown origin and/or elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Anomalous Event Detection Based on Self-Organizing Map for Supermarket Monitoring (2009)

Understanding of human behavior is a high-level topic in visual surveillance. This paper brings some traditional algorithms and insights together to construct a framework for a new field called Supermarket Monitoring. Unlike the common surveillance system, the whole body was tracked. In our project, only the moving hands are considered. To fulfill the automated monitoring task, the self-adaptive background subtraction technique and the YIQ skin color model are combined to detect the moving hands. In order to accurate localization at palm, a new method is developed. After successfully detecting the moving hands, a linear prediction model is cited to realize the object tracking. In the behavior recognition stage, the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is used to distinguish normal behavior from abnormal ones by analyzing the trajectory characterizations of the moving hands. The experiment results show that these methods we advocate are robust and effective. The supermarket should be monitored with special intelligent machine automatically.
Retrofitting quality of service into a time-sharing operating system (1999)

Abstract Theoretical aspects of proportional share schedulers have received considerable attention recently. We contribute practical considerations on how to retrofit such schedulers into mainstream time-sharing systems. In particular, we propose /reserv, a uniform API for hierarchical proportional resource sharing. The central idea in /reserv is associating resource reservations with references to shared objects (and not with the objects themselves). We discuss in detail the implementation of /reserv and several proportional share schedulers on FreeBSD; the modified system is called Eclipse/BSD. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed modifications allow selected applications to isolate their (or their clients&apos;) performance from CPU, disk, or network overloads caused by other applications. This capability is increasingly important for soft real-time, multimedia, Web, and distributed client-server applications. 1 Introduction On a typical system, multiple applications may contend for the same physical resources, such as CPU, memory, and disk or network bandwidth. An important goal for an operating system is therefore to schedule requests from different applications so that each application and the system as a whole perform well.
Ordered Structure in Blends of Block Copolymers. 3. Self-Assembly in Blends of Sphere- or Cylinder-Forming Copolymers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrdered Structure in Blends of Block Copolymers. 3. Self-Assembly in Blends of Sphere- or Cylinder-Forming CopolymersSatoshi Koizumi, Hirokazu Hasegawa, and Takeji HashimotoCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 15, 4371–4381Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00093a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00093a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views617Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The CMS conductor (2002)

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the general-purpose detectors to be provided for the LHC project at CERN. The design field of the CMS superconducting magnet is 4 T, the magnetic length is 12.5 m and the free bore is 6 m. The magnetic field is achieved by means of a four-layer superconducting solenoid. The stored magnetic energy is 2.7 GJ at nominal current of 20 kA (at 4.5 K operating temperature). The coil is wound from a high purity aluminum-stabilized Rutherford type conductor. Unlike other existing Al-stabilized thin solenoids, the structural integrity of the CMS coil is ensured both by the Al-alloy reinforcement welded to the conductor and an external support cylinder. The flat NbTi cable is embedded in high purity aluminum by a continuous co-extrusion process.
Biomass-Gasifier/Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Combined Cycles: Part A—Technologies and Performance Modeling (1996)

Gas turbines fueled by integrated biomass gasifiers are a promising option for base load electricity generation from a renewable resource. Aeroderivative turbines, which are characterized by high efficiencies at smaller scales, are of special interest because transportation costs for biomass constrain biomass conversion facilities to relatively modest scales. Commercial development activities and major technological issues associated with biomass integrated-gasifier/gas turbine (BIG/GT) combined cycle power generation are reviewed in Part A of this two-part paper. Also, the computational model and the assumptions used to predict the overall performance of alternative BIG/GT cycles are outlined. The model evaluates appropriate value of key parameters (turbomachinery efficiencies, gas turbine cooling flows, steam production in the heat recovery steam generator, etc.) and then carries out energy, mass, and chemical species balances for each plant component, with iterations to insure whole-plant consistency. Part B of the paper presents detailed comparisons of the predicted performance of systems now being proposed for commercial installation in the 25–30 MWe power output range, as well as predictions for advanced combined cycle configurations (including with intercooling) with outputs from 22 to 75 MWe. Finally, an economic assessment is presented, based on preliminary capital cost estimates for BIG/GT combined cycles.
Impact of reduced dimensionality on the magnetic and magnetocaloric response of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (2013)

Understanding the impact of reduced dimensionality on the magnetic and magnetocaloric responses of a material is vital in incorporating it as an active magnetic refrigerant in cooling devices. By contrasting the magnetic and magnetocaloric behaviors of bulk polycrystalline, sol-gel derived nanocrystalline, and pulsed laser deposited thin film forms of the La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 system, we show that reducing the dimensionality of a ferromagnetic material tends to broaden and shift the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition to lower temperatures, while decreasing the saturation magnetization and the magnitude of the magnetic entropy change. Relative to its bulk counterpart, a pronounced broadening of the magnetic entropy change peak in the thin film leads to enhanced refrigerant capacity—an important figure-of-merit for active magnetic refrigeration technology. With reduced dimensionality, universal curves based on re-scaled entropy change curves tend toward collapse, indicating a weakening of the first order nature of the transition in the nanocrystalline samples and a crossover to second order in the thin film.
Characterization of the Oviductal Sperm Reservoir in Cattle1 (1995)

A reservoir for sperm has been found in the oviductal isthmus in several species. Sperm are apparently trapped in the reservoir by binding to the oviductal epithelium, although other factors may be involved. We hypothesized that binding sites for bovine sperm are limited to the isthmus and are regulated by the hormonal state of the cow. Ipsilateral oviducts were obtained from heifers that were preovulatory (in estrus), had ovulated recently (within 12 h), or were in diestrus (Day 10). The isthmic and the ampullar epithelium were milked out and incubated separately in serum-free (SFRE-199-2) medium, at 39 degrees C in 5% CO2. Frozen-thawed sperm from bulls were added to the epithelium and coincubated for 15 min. The number of spermatozoa that bound to explants was not affected by stage of cycle or by anatomic origin of the explants (p > 0.05). In an additional experiment, oviducts were infused with sperm in vivo and then prepared for scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that sperm were associated with ciliated epithelium in both the isthmus and ampulla. Thus, bovine sperm may form a reservoir in the isthmic end of the oviduct because it is the first oviductal region that they encounter.
Characterization of the translocation breakpoint sequences in philadelphia‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1990)

We have previously described a patient in whom the breakpoint occurred within the first intron of the BCR gene and have cloned the 9q+ and 22q- junctions. We have now determined the nucleotide sequence around the breakpoints on both translocation products from this patient as well as the corresponding regions from the normal chromosomes 9 and 22. We have compared the sequence with that of the breakpoint regions in the Ph1-positive leukemic patients in order to check for the presence of conserved motifs. A + T-rich sequences and ALU repeat elements are the only sequence characteristics which appear to be very common around translocation regions. The chromosome 9 ABL sequences at or adjacent to the breakpoints present in the 22q- product show homology to the consensus ALU sequence while the chromosome 22 sequences do not, suggesting a non-homologous recombination mechanism. While no sequences are deleted, there is a two-base-pair "homology" at the junction. Therefore, staggered breaks followed by ligation and repair could be part of the mechanism involved in the process of translocation in some cases of Ph1-positive ALL.
Glutathione-mediated augmentation of β-lactam antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (2007)

Manish Goswami and Narendra Jawali*Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic ResearchCentre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, IndiaKeywords: antioxidants, ascorbic acid, protection, susceptibility*Corresponding author. Tel: þ91-22-25595078; Fax: þ91-22-25505326; E-mail: enjay@barc.gov.inSir,We have previously established that antioxidants such as gluta-thione and ascorbic acid protect Escherichia coli against theantibacterial activity of ﬂuoroquinolone and aminoglycosidegroups of antibiotics.
A 4.78mm<sup>2</sup> fully-integrated neuromodulation SoC combining 64 acquisition channels with digital compression and simultaneous dual stimulation (2014)

A 65nm CMOS 4.78mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> integrated neuromodulation SoC consumes 417µW from a 1.2V supply while operating 64 acquisition channels with epoch compression at an average firing rate of 50Hz and engaging two stimulators with a pulse width of 250µs/phase, differential current of 150µA, and a pulse frequency of 100Hz. Compared to the state of the art, this represents the lowest area and power for the highest integration complexity achieved to date.