gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of manufacturing processes by numerical sensitivity analysis (2011)

During the manufacturing of optical coatings, errors in refractive index values or in thickness values of each layer of the coating can induce dramatic consequences on the desired optical properties. Global numerical sensitivity analyses using space filling designs and metamodels were applied in the case of the influence study of different errors on optical filter characteristics to determine the most critical interactions of layers. We propose to use space filling designs to assess, by computer experiments, the sensitivity of optical filters to the simultaneous errors in the refractive index values and thickness values. In this study, the principal characteristics of space filling designs are presented and are compared to random designs. This comparison allows us to identify the best types of space filling designs to conduct sensitivity analysis with few computer runs. We will present the first results concerning the global sensitivity analysis of different coatings in the case of simultaneous errors in refractive index values and in thickness values. We consider for this study two monitoring techniques: a quartz monitoring and an optical monitoring. By this way, we will highlight the influence of correlated errors on the most critical interactions classification and give a different perspective to these monitoring techniques. In conclusion, this computational study gives clues to the understanding of error propagation in manufacturing processes and points out the most critical interactions in coatings to improve the robustness of optical coatings and to reduce the production costs.
Combined Effects of the <i>p53</i> and <i>p73</i> Polymorphisms on Lung Cancer Risk (2006)

Lung cancer is a multigenic disease where one variant single nucleotide polymorphism may have only a modest independent effect on the disease phenotype, yet in aggregate, multiple biologically relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms may provide a more accurate representation of risk. Polymorphisms in members of the p53 family, such as p53 and p73, that have a functional relevance would be predicted to contribute to the disease phenotype. In this analysis, we used genotype data from 863 lung cancer cases and 852 healthy controls to test for multigenetic effects of polymorphisms at p53 exon 4, introns 3 and 6, and at p73 exon 2. All individuals in this analysis were self-reported non-Hispanic Caucasians. When the p73 and p53 variant alleles were combined and analyzed as a continuous variable, there was a 13% increase [odds ratios (OR), 1.13; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.05-1.21] in lung cancer risk for each additional variant allele. Furthermore, when the number of variant alleles was categorized into three groups (zero, one to three, and four or more variants), there was evidence of a gene-dosage effect with increased risks for individuals with one to three variants (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05-1.61) and four or more variants (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.23-2.56). When the data were stratified by smoking status, an increased risk for lung cancer was evident only in current (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.25-4.33) and former smokers (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.02-2.94) with four or more variants. Younger individuals with four or more variants were also at a significantly increased risk for lung cancer (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.62-6.12). This study provides support for the multigenetic effects of variant alleles from p53 exon 4, and introns 3 and 6, and p73, and their interplay with smoking, resulting in a significantly increased risk for lung cancer in this Caucasian population.
Kindlin-2 controls bidirectional signaling of integrins (2008)

Control of integrin activation is required for cell adhesion and ligand-induced signaling. Here we report that loss of the focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 in mice results in peri-implantation lethality caused by severe detachment of the endoderm and epiblast from the basement membrane. We found that Kindlin-2-deficient cells were unable to activate their integrins and that Kindlin-2 is required for talin-induced integrin activation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Kindlin-2 is required for integrin outside-in signaling to enable firm adhesion and spreading. Our findings provide evidence that Kindlin-2 is a novel and essential element of bidirectional integrin signaling.
Implementation of a programmable 64∼2048-point FFT/IFFT processor for OFDM-based communication systems (2003)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is famous for its robustness against frequency selective fading channel. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Inverse FFT (IFFT) processor ire used as the modulation/demodulation kernel in the OFDM systems. The sizes of FFT/IFFT processors are varied in the different applications of OFDM systems. In this paper, we design and implement a programmable 64/spl sim/2048-point FFT/IFFT processor to cover the different specifications of OFDM applications. The cached-memory architecture is our suggested VLSI system architecture. We implement the Processing Element (PE) by using CORDIC algorithm to replace the multiplier-based PE. We also proposed /spl pi//4-prerotation and modified EEAS-CORDIC VLSI architecture to reduce the iteration number and quantization noise. Finally, we implement the FFT processor with TSMC 0.35 /spl mu/m IP4M CMOS technology. The die area of the FFT/IFFT processor is 12.25 mm/sup 2/ including 2048/spl times/32 bits memory. The input/output wordlength is 16-bit wide. The chip can operate under 80 MHz and meet most standard requirements (64/spl sim/2048 points).
Vibrational relaxation during gas–surface collisions (1983)

The probability for deactivation of CO2(001) has been found to be 0.22 for collisions with a stainless steel surface, 0.16 for silver, and 0.20 for nickel. The probability for deactivation on the silver surface was invariant with surface temperature in the range from 298 to 473 K. A pulsed CO2 laser was used to excite the CO2, while the population of vibrationally excited molecules was monitored by observing their infrared fluorescence at 4.3 μm.
Greedy Receivers in IEEE 802.11 Hotspots: Impacts and Detection (2010)

As wireless hotspot business becomes a tremendous financial success, users of these networks have increasing motives to misbehave in order to obtain more bandwidth at the expense of other users. Such misbehaviors threaten the performance and availability of hotspot networks and have recently attracted increasing research attention. However, the existing work so far focuses on sender-side misbehavior. Motivated by the observation that many hotspot users receive more traffic than they send, we study greedy receivers in this paper. We identify a range of greedy receiver misbehaviors, and quantify their damage using both simulation and testbed experiments. Our results show that even though greedy receivers do not directly control data transmission, they can still result in very serious damage, including completely shutting off the competing traffic. To address the issues, we further develop techniques to detect and mitigate greedy receiver misbehavior, and demonstrate their effectiveness.
Observed and Simulated Temperature–Humidity Relationships: Sensitivity to Sampling and Analysis (2002)

Recent studies have demonstrated that the correlation between interannual variations of large-scale average temperature and water vapor is stronger and less height dependent in one GCM than in an objective analysis of radiosonde observations. To address this discrepancy, a GCM with a different approach to cumulus parameterization is used to explore the model dependence of this result, the effect of sampling biases, and the analysis scheme applied to the data.
A pharmacologic perspective on newly emerging <scp>T</scp>‐cell manipulation technologies (2012)

T cells are a multifaceted family pivotal in the operations of the immune system and many of its associated diseases. The pathway to understanding T cells has been marked by several pharmacological advances including the discoveries of ciclosporin, tacrolimus and the mTOR inhibitors which revolutionized transplant therapy along with providing relief for severe eczema, asthma and other immunological disorders towards the end of the last century. This article will revisit the current understanding and new developments in T cell pharmacology 10 years on from the TeGenero (TGN 1412) debacle and look at more recent successes with ex vivo antigen presenting cell incubation technologies; T cell receptor (TCR) engineering and adoptive T cell therapy both with chimaeric antibodies and also with modified T cell receptors themselves. Features of T cell biology will be explored and processes often highly unique to humans will be used to highlight what many are beginning to see as an exciting new monoclonal (T cell) frontier for drug development.
A measurement method of cell gap for liquid crystal lens (2013)

There was a problem in current cell gap measurement of liquid crystal (LC) lens. A method was proposed by adopting interference of linearly polarized light in this paper. It was claimed that the incident light was monochromatic light with a uniform distribution of light intensity. The polarization axis of the analyzer was perpendicular or parallel to the polarization axis of polarizer. The difference between light and dark interference fringes was the biggest when the angle was equal to 45° between the rubbing direction of alignment layer in the LC lens and the polarization axis of polarizer. The cell gap of LC lens can be calculated by the transmittance of LC lens center and the max transmittance of its other locations. The tilt angle was equal to the pre-tilt angle of LC at the LC lens center. This method was simple and reliable. Its accuracy is relatively high due to the use of optical interference principle.
Recombination activity associated with thermal donor generation in monocrystalline silicon and effect on the conversion efficiency of heterojunction solar cells (2016)

The recombination properties of the carrier lifetime-limiting center formed during the generation of oxygen-related thermal donors (so called “old” thermal donors) in n-type Czochralski silicon were determined over a wide range of thermal donors' concentrations. The procedure involved (1) determining the various energy levels associated with dopants with the help of temperature Hall effect measurements, (2) clarifying which energy level limits the carrier lifetime by temperature lifetime spectroscopy, and (3) determining the recombination parameters of the involved defect from room-temperature carrier lifetime curves. Our results support the fact that a deep energy level in the range of 0.2–0.3 eV below the conduction band limits the carrier lifetime. The second family of thermal donors, featuring bistable properties, was tentatively identified as the corresponding defect. From the obtained experimental data, the influence of the defect on the amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cell conversion efficiency was simulated. It is observed that for extended donor generation, the carrier lifetime is reduced by orders-of-magnitude, leading to unacceptable losses in photovoltaic conversion efficiency. A key result is that even for samples with thermal donor concentrations of 1015 cm−3—often met in seed portions of commercial ingots—simulations reveal efficiency losses greater than 1% absolute for state-of-the-art cells, in agreement with recent experimental studies from our group. This result indicates to crystal growers the importance to mitigate the formation of thermal donors or to develop cost-effective processes to suppress them at the ingot/wafer scale. This is even more critical as ingot cool-down is likely to be slower for future larger ingots, thus promoting the formation of thermal donors.
Delivery to the Nasal Cavity: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment (2004)

Drugs are given intranasally for both local and systemic applications, and the use of the intranasal route is predicted to rise dramatically in the next 10 years. Nasal drug delivery may be assessed by a variety of means, but high reliance is often placed upon in vitro testing methodology (emitted dose, droplet or particle size distribution, spray pattern, and plume geometry). Spray pattern and plume geometry define the shape of the expanding aerosol cloud, while droplet size determines the likelihood of deposition within the nasal cavity by inertial impaction. Current FDA guidance recommends these methods as a means of documenting bioavailability (BA) and bioequivalence (BE) for topically acting solution formulations, because they can be performed reproducibly and are more discriminating among products. Nasal drug delivery in vivo may be determined by several radionuclide imaging methods: the two-dimensional imaging technique of gamma scintigraphy has been used most widely, but the three-dimensional method of positron emission tomography (PET) is being used increasingly often. In some situations a good in vitro/in vivo correlation (IVIVC) exists; for instance, negligible penetration into the lungs has been demonstrated in the case of nasal pump sprays delivering large droplets, while a clear difference may be shown in intranasal deposition between two aerosols with markedly different size distributions. However, recent studies have shown a poorer IVIVC for two similar nasal pump sprays, where significant differences in in vitro parameters were not reflected in differences in nasal deposition in vivo. It is suggested that radionuclide imaging data may have an important role to play as an adjunct to in vitro testing in BA and BE assessments and may provide a clearer understanding of the changes in in vitro parameters that are important for predicting differences in in vivo performance.
Unsupervised Video Interpolation Using Cycle Consistency (2019)

Learning to synthesize high frame rate videos via interpolation requires large quantities of high frame rate training videos, which, however, are scarce, especially at high resolutions. Here, we propose unsupervised techniques to synthesize high frame rate videos directly from low frame rate videos using cycle consistency. For a triplet of consecutive frames, we optimize models to minimize the discrepancy between the center frame and its cycle reconstruction, obtained by interpolating back from interpolated intermediate frames. This simple unsupervised constraint alone achieves results comparable with supervision using the ground truth intermediate frames. We further introduce a pseudo supervised loss term that enforces the interpolated frames to be consistent with predictions of a pre-trained interpolation model. The pseudo supervised loss term, used together with cycle consistency, can effectively adapt a pre-trained model to a new target domain. With no additional data and in a completely unsupervised fashion, our techniques significantly improve pre-trained models on new target domains, increasing PSNR values from 32.84dB to 33.05dB on the Slowflow and from 31.82dB to 32.53dB on the Sintel evaluation datasets.
Modification of polyaniline films with heteropolyanions: electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen and protons (1988)

The first functionalization of polyaniline films, using acid forms of heteropolyanions as electrolytes, is reported; the modified electrodes thus obtained are employed in electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen and protons.
Clustering time series under the Fréchet distance (2015)

The Fréchet distance is a popular distance measure for curves. We study the problem of clustering time series under the Fréchet distance. In particular, we give (1 + ∊)-approximation algorithms for variations of the following problem with parameters k and ℓ. Given n univariate time series P, each of complexity at most m, we find k time series, not necessarily from P, which we call cluster centers and which each have complexity at most ℓ, such that (a) the maximum distance of an element of P to its nearest cluster center or (b) the sum of these distances is minimized. Our algorithms have running time near-linear in the input size for constant ∊, k and ℓ. To the best of our knowledge, our algorithms are the first clustering algorithms for the Fréchet distance which achieve an approximation factor of (1 + ∊) or better.
Constructing instruction traces from cache-filtered address traces (CITCAT) (1996)

Instruction traces are useful tools for studying many aspects of computer systems, but they are difficult to gather without perturbing the systems being traced. In the past, researchers have collected instruction traces through various techniques, including single-stepping, instruction inlining, hardware monitoring, and processor simulation. These approaches, however, fail to produce accurate traces because they interfere with the processor's normal execution.Because processors are deterministic machines, their behavior can be predicted if their initial states and external inputs are known. We have developed a technique, called "CITCAT," which exploits this fact to generate nearly perfect instruction traces through trace-driven simulation. CITCAT combines the best features of instruction inlining, hardware monitoring, and processor simulation to produce long, accurate instruction traces without perturbing the system being traced. Because CITCAT instruction traces are computed, rather than stored, this hybrid technique delivers not just accurate traces, but also an extremely efficient trace compression algorithm.
Research Investment Pays Off (1998)

It has been estimated that managing U.S. Department of Energy?s (DOE?s) legacy wastes and restoring contaminated subsurface environments across the nuclear weapons complex will require decades and many tens of billions of dollars. For ten years, the Subsurface Science and Technology Development Program (SSTDP) in the Office of Energy Research at DOE has supported research resulting in a fundamental knowledge base of interactive geochemical, microbiological, and physical processes that has in turn spun off several cost-effective, innovative approaches to cleanup. One important example of such a ?spin-off? technology that can be directly traced to these basic sciences is in situ reduction-oxidation (redox) manipulation (ISRM). ISRM is a method for treating redox-sensitive contaminants in unconfined aquifers. Permeable chemical barriers can be created with ISRM technology, immobilizing some metals and radionuclides, such as chromium (Cr), uranium (U) and technetium (Tc) and dehalogenating some organic contaminants, such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). A pilot-scale ISRM experiment involving subsurface injection of sodium dithionite was initiated in September of 1995 at the Hanford Site in Washington State. Based on the results of the pilot scale experiment and engineering calculations, net discounted savings of $13 to $16 million appear possible at Hanford over conventionalmore » pump-and-treat technology. Allowing for the cost of the technology development program to date still gives net benefits of the SSTDP project of at least $6 to $9 million at Hanford alone. Several tens of millions of additional savings appear possible at other sites.« less
Phenotypic analysis of Eschericia coli mutants lacking l,d-transpeptidases (2013)

Escherichia coli has five genes encoding L,D-transpeptidases (Ldt) with varied functions. Three of these enzymes (YbiS, ErfK, YcfS) have been shown to cross-link Braun's lipoprotein to the peptidoglycan (PG), while the other two (YnhG, YcbB) form direct meso-diaminopimelate (DAP-DAP, or 3-3) cross-links within the PG. In addition, Ldt enzymes can also incorporate non-canonical D-amino acids, such as D-methionine, into the PG. To further investigate the role of these enzymes and, in particular, 3-3 linkages in cell envelope physiology we constructed and phenotypically characterized a variety of multiple Ldt deletion mutants of E. coli. We report that a triple deletion mutant lacking ybiS, erfK and ycfS is hypersusceptible to the metal-chelating agent EDTA, leaks periplasmic proteins and is resistant to the toxic effect of D-methionine. A double ynhG ycbB mutant had no discernible phenotype; however, examination of the phenotypes of various Ldt mutants bearing an additional DAP auxotrophic mutation (dapA : : Cm) showed that a quintuple mutant strain lacking all Ldt genes was severely impaired for growth on media with limited DAP. These data demonstrate that loss of the E. coli Ldt enzymes involved with coupling the PG to Braun's lipoprotein resulted in the loss of outer membrane stability while loss of the Ldt enzymes involved with DAP-DAP linkages had no observable effect on the cell envelope. Loss of all Ldt enzymes proved detrimental to growth when cells were starved for DAP, indicating a combined role for both 3-3 and Braun's lipoprotein cross-links in cell viability only under a specific PG stress.
DeepConf (2018)

In recent years, many techniques have been developed to improve the performance and efficiency of data center networks. While these techniques provide high accuracy, they are often designed using heuristics that leverage domain-specific properties of the workload or hardware.
Passive all‐sky imaging radar in the HF regime with WWV and the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (2013)

We present a new passive, bistatic high‐frequency (HF) radar system consisting of the transmitters for the radio station WWV and the dipole antenna array that comprises the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA) or “LWA1.” We demonstrate that these two existing facilities, which are operated for separate purposes, can be used together as a unique HF radar imager, capable of monitoring the entire visible sky. In this paper, we describe in detail the techniques used to develop all‐sky radar capability at 10, 15, and 20 MHz. We show that this radar system can be a useful tool for probing ionospheric structure and its effect on over‐the‐horizon (OTH) geolocation. The LWA1+WWV radar system appears to be especially adept at detecting and characterizing structures associated with sporadic‐E. In addition, we also demonstrate how this system may be used for long‐distance, OTH mapping of terrain/ocean HF reflectivity. Finally, we discuss the potential improvements in the utility of these applications as more LWA stations are added.
Deammonification in the Moving-Bed Process for the Treatment of Wastewater with High Ammonia Content (2005)

The process of deammonification for the biological treatment of sludge water was investigated in a full-scale pilot plant at Hattingen, Germany. Since deammonification is a completely autotrophic process, no organic carbon is needed for bacteria growth. So, deammonification is an attractive and cost-effective process for the treatment of wastewater with unfavorable COD/N ratio without using an external carbon source.