gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase behaviour of polyoxyethylene surfactants with water. Mesophase structures and partial miscibility (cloud points) (1983)

From a review of the major factors responsible for surfactant mesophase structure, a model phase diagram is deduced which shows phase structure as a function of surfactant volume fraction and micelle curvature. To test this model the phase behaviour of a series of pure polyoxyethylene surfactants (CnEOm) with water has been studied using optical microscopy over the temperature range 0–100 °C. The compounds studied were C8EO3, C8EO4, C8EO8, C8EO12, C10EO3, C12EO3-C12EO6, C12EO8, C12EO12, C14EO3, C14EO6, C16EO3, C16EO4, C16EO6, C16EO8, C16EO12, C9PhEO8 and C12(2-C10)EO10. Phase diagrams were determined for C8EO4, C12EO3-C12EO6, C12EO8, C16EO4, C16EO8 and C16EO12. With the other compounds optical microscopy was used to determine the number, sequence and type of mesophases.The mesophases observed were cubic–spherical-micelles (I1), hexagonal (H1), normal-cubic–bicontinuous (V1), lamellar (Lα) and reversed-cubic–bicontinuous (V2). Large head groups and low temperatures favour I1 and H1 phases, while Lα and reversed phases occur for small head groups and higher temperatures.There is agreement between experiment and theory for low to medium temperatures if increasing temperature is assumed to lead to a decreased surface area per molecule at the micelle surface (a). At high temperatures and low water content theoretical concepts were reconciled to practical behaviour only by assuming that increased interactions between EO groups occur at a critical water concentration. Two separate mechanisms are proposed for the lower consolute behaviour of surfactant + water solutions (the cloud point). One, involving van der Waals attractions between micelle cores, operates at low temperatures, while the second, involving intermicellar EO—EO attractions occurs at high temperatures. These two mechanisms can account for the ‘double’ cloud point phenomenon observed for surfactants with short EO groups.
Bacteriochlorin a, a new photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. In vivo results. (1990)

The photosensitizing properties of bacteriochlorin a (BCA), a nontoxic derivative of bacteriochlorophyll a, were investigated in vivo. BCA has an absorption band at a wavelength at which tissue penetration is optimal (760 nm), and it shows preferential tumor retention in Greene melanoma implanted in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. A dose of 20 mg/kg BCA was administered IV at 4-7 mm tumor diameter; 24 hr later the tumor was irradiated with near-infrared light (30 min, 760 nm, 150-280 J/cm2). On the day after the irradiation it appeared that tumor growth had stopped: fluorescein angiography showed nonperfusion of the tumor. Histopathology after enucleation showed subtotal tumor necrosis with occasionally small clusters of viable cells around a blood vessel and at the tumor periphery. Neither BCA nor light alone had any effect on the eye or melanoma.
Propagation Model for Evaluating the Interference between Neighboring Indoor Micro Operators (2018)

Recently introduced 5G micro operator concept aims at providing high-quality mobile services in specific high-demand (indoor) locations to complement the coverage and capacity offered by the traditional mobile network operators (MNOs). For reliable service delivery, micro operators need local spectrum access rights with predefined levels of quality guarantees. This can be obtained via granting spectrum micro licenses, where the license areas can be the different buildings. To coordinate the interference between the micro operators themselves and potential incumbent spectrum users, accurate interference characterization between the involved systems is a necessity. This requires proper modeling of the radio wave propagation characteristics, which is currently missing for micro operator deployment scenarios in their target frequency bands. This paper introduces a new propagation model for evaluating the interference between neighboring micro operators located inside different buildings. The proposed model is based on a number of sub-models and components, and the basis for each of the components has been taken by selecting appropriate path loss models described in the literature. In all, the introduced propagation model is valid for deployments in different frequency bands, and for various types of buildings and outdoor environments surrounding the buildings with micro operator deployments.
Improved yields in the acid catalyzed addition of phenols and phenyl ethers to oleic acid (1962)

Abstract Phenols may be added to oleic acid in methanesulfonic acid solution to give the corresponding hydroxyphenylstearates in good yield. With phenol not only is the yield (ca 80%) better than that reported previously using other reagents but considerably less color is developed also. Surprisingly good yields (35–60%) were obtained with such complex phenols as p ‐t‐butylcatechol and 2‐naphthol.
EQUILIBRIA IN SOLUTIONS CONTAINING MIXTURES OF SALTS<sup>1</sup> III. THE SYSTEM, WATER AND THE CHLORIDES AND CARBONATES OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM AT 25° IV. THE SYSTEM, WATER AND THE SULFATES AND CARBONATES OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM AT 25° (1923)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEQUILIBRIA IN SOLUTIONS CONTAINING MIXTURES OF SALTS1 III. THE SYSTEM, WATER AND THE CHLORIDES AND CARBONATES OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM AT 25° IV. THE SYSTEM, WATER AND THE SULFATES AND CARBONATES OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM AT 25°Walter C. BlasdaleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1923, 45, 12, 2935–2946Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1923Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1923https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01665a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01665a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reduction of the formation of dental plaque and gingivitis in humans by crude mutanase (1978)

The effect of a Trichoderma harzianum enzyme preparation containing mutanase (alpha-1,3 glucan glucanohydrolase) on plaque accumulation and composition and on occurrence of gingivitis was assessed in 20 persons in a double-blind cross-over investigation. The enzyme preparation was administered in chewing gum. Two test periods of 1 week were preceded by scaling and cleansing of the teeth, oral hygiene instruction, and controlled hygiene for at least 3 weeks. Oral hygiene measures were discontinued during the test periods, while the persons chewed six pieces of chewing gum per day, one half using enzyme-containing gum, and the other half using placebo gum. The test periods were identical, only enzyme gum was used instead of placebo, or vice versa. Evaluations of plaque and gingivitis showed that less plaque had accumulated and less gingivitis developed during the enzyme than during the placebo period, but bacteriologic studies of interproximal plaque did not reveal differences that could explain the clinical findings. Treatment with the enzyme preparation caused some local side effects, but no primary skin irritation, delayed hypersensitivity, nor anti-enzyme IgE was detected in any of the persons.
Silicon photonics for next generation system integration platform (2013)

New semiconductor technologies such as many-core processors and 3D memories are being researched in order to overcome the limitations of electronics in the near future. Here, we first discuss some drawbacks of current technologies, and then show that silicon photonics will solve those interconnection problems. Next, we describe our studies toward realizing a system integration platform based on photonics and electronics convergence, and show that an optical interposer is the most efficient way to cope with the various problems that a purely electronic system may encounter. Our recent advances in silicon photonic devices are also described, and their integration into the hybrid interposer is reported through an early prototyping result. Finally, a surface mounted components approach for silicon photonics technology is discussed, which may prove useful in the computer and communication markets.
Glutathione Metabolic Genes Coordinately Respond to Heavy Metals and Jasmonic Acid in Arabidopsis (1998)

Glutathione plays a pivotal role in protecting plants from environmental stresses, oxidative stress, xenobiotics, and some heavy metals. Arabidopsis plants treated with cadmium or copper responded by increasing transcription of the genes for glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, as well as glutathione reductase. The response was specific for those metals whose toxicity is thought to be mitigated through phytochelatins, and other toxic and nontoxic metals did not alter mRNA levels. Feeding experiments suggested that neither oxidative stress, as results from exposure to H2O2, nor oxidized or reduced glutathione levels were responsible for activating transcription of these genes. Jasmonic acid also activated the same suite of genes, which suggests that it might be involved in the signal transduction pathway for copper and cadmium. Jasmonic acid treatment increased mRNA levels and the capacity for glutathione synthesis but did not alter the glutathione content in unstressed plants, which supports the idea that the glutathione concentration is controlled at multiple levels.
The tuberous sclerosis gene on chromosome 9q34 acts as a growth suppressor (1994)

We have previously demonstrated allele loss in hamartomas from patients with tuberous sclerosis for markers spanning the tuberous sclerosis gene on chromosome 16q13.3 (TSC2). Germline deletions in the TSC2 gene have been shown in 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis (TSC). These data support our hypothesis that the TSC2 gene acts as a growth suppressor gene, analogous to the traditional tumour suppressor gene. We now report a TSC hamartoma showing allele loss for markers on chromosome 9q34 in the region of the TSC1 gene. We studied six hamartomas from four sporadic and two familial cases of TSC, none of which showed allele loss for markers on chromosome 16p13.3. The hamartomas were paraffin embedded sections of three renal angiomyolipomas, two giant cell astrocytomas, and a cardiac rhabdomyoma. Eight markers were analysed, comprising from centromeric to telomeric ASS-D9S64-D9S149-ABO-D9S150-DBH-D9S66-D9S67++ +. One angiomyolipoma showed allele loss for the markers ABO, DBH and D9S66, but not for D9S149 or D9S67. The patient was not informative for D9S150. The family structure did not permit the phase of the disease and marker alleles to be determined. These finding support the hypothesis that the TSC1 gene on 9q34, like the TSC2 gene, acts as a growth suppressor. The data would place the TSC1 gene between D9S149 and D9S67. Mapping of allele loss in hamartomas may help in the refinement of the location of the TSC1 locus.
Design and characterization of homogenous antibody-drug conjugates with a drug-to-antibody ratio of one prepared using an engineered antibody and a dual-maleimide pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer (2019)

Most strategies used to prepare homogeneous site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) result in ADCs with a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of two. Here, we report a disulfide re-bridging strategy to prepare homogeneous ADCs with DAR of one using a dual-maleimide pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer (SG3710) and an engineered antibody (Flexmab), which has only one intrachain disulfide bridge at the hinge. We demonstrate that SG3710 efficiently re-bridge a Flexmab targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and the resulting ADC was highly resistant to payload loss in serum and exhibited potent anti-tumor activity in a HER2-positive gastric carcinoma xenograft model. Moreover, this ADC was tolerated in rats at twice the dose compared to a site-specific ADC with DAR of two prepared using a single-maleimide PBD dimer (SG3249). Flexmab technologies, in combination with SG3710, provide a platform for generating site-specific homogenous PBD-based ADCs with DAR of one, which have improved biophysical properties and tolerability compared to conventional site-specific PBD-based ADCs with DAR of two.
Design and development of organ on chip using microfluidic technology for simulation (2013)

The emergence of micro engineering technologies have enabled a variety of insights to biomedical sciences that is not possible with conventional techniques. The design principles of lab-on-chip devices of point care diagnostics are now being extended to platform of tissue engineering. Organ on chip is the multichannel 3D or 2D microfludic cell structure that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of the organs. The developments in the field of tissue engineering resulted in replacing of animal cell for testing and for implantation the chip which makes the function of the organ which is dysfunction. They provide basis for pathophysiologies, developments and homeostasis in various organs. The tissue engineering exploits the phenomena of compartmentalization to create model culture systems that better represent the organisms. Kidneys, liver and lungs have been built by tissue engineering techniques. Researchers are working towards building a multi channel 3D micro fluidic cell culture system that compartmentalizes the microenvironments. Microfluidics is the science of manipulating small amounts(10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−9</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−18</sup> L) of fluids in microfabricated hollow channels. In recent years, several organs have been recreated using microfludic compartmentalization. They may be used as a device for simulation and in wide in area of medical research.
Functional Characterization of Two Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Genes, <i>P450</i> - <i>1</i> and <i>P450</i> - <i>4</i> , of the Gibberellic Acid Gene Cluster in <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> ( <i>Gibberella fujikuroi</i> MP-D) (2005)

Gibberella fujikuroi is a species complex with at least nine different biological species, termed mating populations (MPs) A to I (MP-A to MP-I), known to produce many different secondary metabolites. So far, gibberellin (GA) production is restricted to Fusarium fujikuroi (G. fujikuroi MP-C), although at least five other MPs contain all biosynthetic genes. Here, we analyze the GA gene cluster and GA pathway in the closest related species, Fusarium proliferatum (MP-D), and demonstrate that the GA genes share a high degree of sequence homology with the corresponding genes of MP-C. The GA production capacity was restored after integration of the entire GA gene cluster from MP-C, indicating the existence of an active regulation system in F. proliferatum. The results further indicate that one reason for the loss of GA production is the accumulation of several mutations in the coding and 5' noncoding regions of the ent-kaurene oxidase gene, P450-4.
Efficient Production of Taka-amylase A by Trichoderma viride. (1991)

An efficient heterologous protein production system was developed in Trichoderma viride, a very efficient cellulase producer. An expression vector containing the Taka-amylase A gene from Aspergillus oryzae, which was fused to the strong promoter and signal peptide sequence of the cellobiohy drolase 1 gene (cbhl) of T. viride, and the hygromycin B resistance gene was used to transform protoplasts of T. viride. Using hygromycin B resistance, a frequency of 3 transformants per μg DNA on average was obtained. One transformant showed highly elevated α-amylase production, 1.0 g/1, which was shown to be under the control of the cbhl gene promoter. Analysis of the chromosomal DNA of the transformant showed the integration of more than one copy of the vector.
Breast reconstruction options following mastectomy. (2008)

Breast reconstruction can help to address the disfigurement and sense of loss that often follow mastectomy. The decision whether to pursue reconstruction and the choice of reconstructive strategy are individualized decisions that must take into account the patient's body characteristics, overall health, breast cancer treatment plan, and personal preferences. Options for reconstruction broadly include placement of breast implants or use of the patient's own tissue (autologous reconstruction). Both saline-filled and silicone gel-filled implants are safe and effective options for implant-based reconstruction. Autologous reconstruction usually involves transfer of tissue from the abdomen, with recent advances allowing preservation of the abdominal muscles. Both implant-based and autologous procedures have advantages and drawbacks, and both types of reconstruction may be compromised by subsequent radiation therapy. For this and other reasons, consultation with a plastic surgeon early in treatment planning is important for women considering postmastectomy reconstruction.
Mutual Information in Protein Multiple Sequence Alignments Reveals Two Classes of Coevolving Positions (2005)

Information theory was used to identify nonconserved coevolving positions in multiple sequence alignments from a variety of protein families. Coevolving positions in these alignments fall into two general categories. One set is composed of positions that coevolve with only one or two other positions. These positions often display direct amino acid side-chain interactions with their coevolving partner. The other set comprises positions that coevolve with many others and are frequently located in regions critical for protein function, such as active sites and surfaces involved in intermolecular interactions and recognition. We find that coevolving positions are more likely to change protein function when mutated than are positions showing little coevolution. These results imply that information theory may be applied generally to find coevolving, nonconserved positions that are part of functional sites in uncharacterized protein families. We propose that these coevolving positions compose an important subset of the positions in an alignment, and may be as important to the structure and function of the protein family as are highly conserved positions.
Front Tracking for Petroleum Reservoir Simulation (1983)

ABSTRACT The front tracking method gives high quality solutions for problems with important discontinuities. The method has been applied to several model problems in reservoir simulation. Results are given for quarter 5-spot studies in an areal reservoir and the water coning problem in a vertical cylindrical section surrounding a production well. Both problems were treated as incompressible flow in the absence of capillary pressure. We have studied miscible and immiscible displacement for frontal mobility ratios of 1 and 5. Validation studies include mesh refinement, grid orientation and orthogonal coordinate changes.
Early rejection: analyses of the UNOS Scientific Renal Transplant Registry. (1990)

1. Rejection was the major cause of first cadaver transplant failure, accounting for 62% of failures in the first 3 years of data in the UNOS Scientific Renal Transplant Registry. 2. During the transplant hospitalization, 27% of recipients experienced 1 or more rejection episodes. The 1-year graft survival rate for patients with rejection was 65%, whereas for those who were rejection free at discharge, survival was 85%. Patients who remained rejection free through the first 6 months had a 1-year graft survival rate of 95%. 3. The incidence of early rejection decreased as the recipient's age increased. Only 18% of patients over 60 had rejection prior to their hospital discharge, and 33% of patients under 15 had early rejections. 4. The incidence of rejection was 20% for Hispanics, 27% for Whites, and 30% for Blacks. Despite the significant difference in early rejection between White and Hispanic recipients, there was no difference in the 1-year graft survival rate comparing these racial groups. Blacks had significantly poorer survival whether or not rejection occurred early than White or Hispanic recipients. 5. Sensitization had no apparent effect on the likelihood of early rejections for first transplant recipients, but graft survival was 54% for sensitized patients with rejection and 64% for nonsensitized rejection patients. 6. Prophylactic antilymphocyte antibody (ALG or OKT3) reduced rejections during the transplant hospitalization from 30% to 20%. Patients given ALG or OKT3 prophylaxis had a significantly higher incidence of rejection between discharge and 6 months than those who did not receive either treatment. There was no significant improvement in 1-year graft survival for patients treated with antibody.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Elucidation of the Protonation States of the Catalytic Residues in <i>mt</i>KasA: Implications for Inhibitor Design (2011)

KasA (β-ketoacyl ACP synthase I) is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of mycolic acids, an essential component of the cell wall in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was shown that KasA is essential for the survival of the pathogen and thus could serve as a new drug target for the treatment of tuberculosis. The active site of KasA was previously characterized by X-ray crystallography. However, questions regarding the protonation state of specific amino acids, the orientation of the histidine groups within the active site, and additional conformers being accessible at ambient temperatures remain open and have to be addressed prior to the design of new inhibitors. We investigate the active site of KasA in this work by means of structural motifs and relative energies. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, free energy perturbation computations, and calculations employing the hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method made it possible to determine the protonation status and reveal important details about the catalytic mechanism of KasA. Additionally, we can rationalize the molecular basis for the acyl-transfer activity in the H311A mutant. Our data strongly suggest that inhibitors should be able to inhibit different protonation states because the enzyme can switch easily between a zwitterionic and neutral state.
Employers' Perceptions of Service Quality in Higher Education (1997)

Intense competition in the higher education sector in New Zealand has forced a number of educational institutions to examine the need for assessments of customer-perceived service quality for differentiation purposes. Research studies in the past have mainly focused on either the administrators or the students' perspectives and have overlooked the employers' views on service quality in education. The instrument developed, based on the Importance-Performance paradigm, was administered to 280 New Zealand employers of business graduates. The results indicate that employers have perceptual problems with the level of service provided by tertiary institutions. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.