gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate and efficient solution of Hankel matrix systems by FFT and the conjugate gradient methods (2005)

Hankel matrix systems often arise in many problems of signal analysis. Toeplitz matrix systems is a special case of a Hankel matrix equations. Both the auto-correlation and the covariance matrix equations are different forms of the Hankel matrix equations. Trench has developed a direct method that can solve Hankel matrix equations in θ(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) operations. In this paper, we propose an alternate algorithm. This new method is a combination of the FFT and the conjugate gradient method. The advantage of this new approach is that it is computationally robust to highly ill-conditioned and even singular matrix equations. Preliminary results indicated that for very large complex Toeplitz matrix equations, the CPU time is proportional to N as the number of unknowns as increased, as opposed to N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for conventional methods.
Dynamics of Protein Kinase C-mediated Phosphorylation of the Complement C5a Receptor on Serine 334 (2006)

Upon agonist binding, the C5a anaphylatoxin receptor (C5aR) is rapidly phosphorylated on phosphorylation sites that are located within the C-terminal domain of the receptor. Previous studies suggested that C5aR phosphorylation proceeds in a hierarchical manner with serine 334 presenting a highly accessible priming site that controls subsequent phosphorylation at other positions. To better understand the dynamics of Ser-334 phosphorylation, we generated site-specific monoclonal antibodies that specifically react with phosphoserine 334. In differentiated U937 cells, which endogenously express C5aR, stimulation with low C5a concentrations resulted in a very rapid (t((1/2)) approximately 20 s), albeit transient, receptor phosphorylation. Whole cell phosphorylation assays with specific inhibitors as well as in vitro phosphorylation assays with recombinant enzymes and peptide substrates revealed that phosphorylation of Ser-334 is regulated by protein kinase C-beta and a calyculin A-sensitive protein phosphatase. Surprisingly, at high concentrations (>10 nM) of C5a, the protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of Ser-334 was essentially blocked. This could be attributed to the even faster (t((1/2)) < 5 s) binding of beta-arrestin to the receptor. Analysis of C5aR Ser/Ala mutants that possess a single intact serine residue either at position 334 or at neighboring positions 327, 332, or 338 revealed functional redundancy of C-terminal phosphorylation sites since all 4 serine residues could individually support C5aR internalization and desensitization. This study is among the first to analyze in a detailed manner, using a non-mutational approach, modifications of a defined phosphorylation site in a G protein-coupled receptor and to correlate these findings with functional parameters of receptor deactivation.
Kinetic analysis of ribosome binding process onto mRNA using a quartz-crystal microbalance (2006)

Translation initiation is the most dynamic and important step along a series of protein synthesis processes. In bacteria, it is generally accepted that the 70S ribosome initially dissociates into the 30S and 50S subunit, and then, the 30S ribosomal subunit binds to the Shine-Dargalno (SD) sequence of mRNA. We analyzed binding kinetics of 70S, 50S and 30S ribosomes to the SD sequence by using a mRNA-immobilized 27 MHz quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM). The 70S ribosome was found to bind strongly to the SD sequence as a ratio of 1:1 without dissociation to each subunit from the lateral side, as well as the 30S subunit. The binding constant for 70S increased in the presence of the initiator tRNA, which suggests that the SD and initiator codon of AUG could be also recognized precisely with 70S.
Recent advances in aryl–aryl bond formation by direct arylation (2009)

The abundance of the biaryl structural motif in natural products, in biologically active molecules and in materials chemistry has positioned aryl-aryl (Ar-Ar) bond formation high on the agenda of synthetic chemists. For decades well-known reactions such as the Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura have been the methods of choice to furnish biaryls. More recently, however, alternative methods, most notably direct arylation via C-H activation, have become the focus of many research groups. Compared to traditional methods, direct arylation affords Ar-Ar compounds in fewer steps by removing the need for prefunctionalisation. Furthermore, given that either one or two hydrogens are targeted, less waste and good atom economy are features of this methodology. This critical review covers, in the main part, reports from January 1, 2006, to October 22, 2008 (117 references).
Plakoglobin Regulates the Expression of the Anti-apoptotic Protein BCL-2 (2000)

Plakoglobin is a cytoplasmic protein and a homologue of beta-catenin and Armadillo of Drosophila with similar adhesive and signaling functions. These proteins interact with cadherins to mediate cell-cell adhesion and associate with transcription factors to induce changes in the expression of genes involved in cell fate determination and proliferation. Unlike the relatively well characterized role of beta-catenin in cell proliferation via activation of c-MYC and cyclin D1 gene expression, the signaling function of plakoglobin in regulation of cell growth is undefined. Here, we show that high levels of plakoglobin expression in plakoglobin-deficient human SCC9 cells leads to uncontrolled growth and foci formation. Concurrent with the change in growth characteristics we observe a pronounced inhibition of apoptosis. This correlates with an induction of expression of BCL-2, a prototypic member of apoptosis-regulating proteins. The BCL-2 expression coincides with decreased proteolytic processing and activation of caspase-3, an executor of programmed cell death. Our data suggest that the growth regulatory function of plakoglobin is independent of its role in mediating cell-cell adhesion. These observations clearly implicate plakoglobin in pathways regulating cell growth and provide initial evidence of its role as a pivotal molecular link between pathways regulating cell adherence and cell death.
CD8+ T Cells Primed in the Periphery Provide Time-Bound Immune-Surveillance to the Central Nervous System (2011)

After vaccination, memory CD8(+) T cells migrate to different organs to mediate immune surveillance. In most nonlymphoid organs, following an infection, CD8(+) T cells differentiate to become long-lived effector-memory cells, thereby providing long-term protection against a secondary infection. In this study, we demonstrated that Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells that migrate to the mouse brain following a systemic Listeria infection do not display markers reminiscent of long-term memory cells. In contrast to spleen and other nonlymphoid organs, none of the CD8(+) T cells in the brain reverted to a memory phenotype, and all of the cells were gradually eliminated. These nonmemory phenotype CD8(+) T cells were found primarily within the choroid plexus, as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid-filled spaces. Entry of these CD8(+) T cells into the brain was governed primarily by CD49d/VCAM-1, with the majority of entry occurring in the first week postinfection. When CD8(+) T cells were injected directly into the brain parenchyma, cells that remained in the brain retained a highly activated (CD69(hi)) phenotype and were gradually lost, whereas those that migrated out to the spleen were CD69(low) and persisted long-term. These results revealed a mechanism of time-bound immune surveillance to the brain by CD8(+) T cells that do not reside in the parenchyma.
Bosentan decreases the plasma concentration of sildenafil when coprescribed in pulmonary hypertension (2005)

Bosentan significantly decreases the plasma concentration of sildenafil when coadministered to patients with pulmonary hypertension.
A comparative immunofluorescence analysis of three clinical-stage antibodies in head and neck cancer (2011)

These results suggests that an individualized treatment procedure (e.g., choice of L19, F8 or F16 based on immuno-PET or immunofluorescence procedure) may represent the most logical avenue for offering the best possible antibody to any given patient.
Automatic strategies in the Siemens RTL tiled window manager (2003)

The Siemens RTL tiled window manager automatically adjusts the size and position of tiled windows to balance competing demands for screen space. The degree of automation can be set by both the user and control strategies, which range from strictly local to those which can affect all the windows on the screen. These strategies are discussed, the trade-offs involved are indicated and the algorithms used in their implementation are briefly described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic Crystal Orientation and Phase Mapping in TEM by Precession Diffraction (2008)

A new automated crystal orientation and phase mapping tool is described. This transmission electron microscope accessory combines a diffraction pattern acquisition system involving a CCD camera with pattern identification software that makes use of fast template-matching algorithms. The quality and reliability of pattern identification is substantially improved by combining the system to an electron beam precession device. Examples of phase and orientations maps constructed in only a few minutes are detailed.
Quantitative noise analysis of jitter-induced nonuniformly sampled-and-held signals (2004)

Traditional jitter-noise analysis which mainly focuses on the clock jitter errors for impulse-sampled signals cannot accurately model the sampled-data systems that practically include nonuniform sample-and-hold effects. This paper presents a comprehensive and robust analysis of the imperfections of nonuniformly sampled-and-held signals due to clock jitter. Both the general signal to overall jitter noise ratio, and also the spurious free dynamic range subjected to narrow in-band noise tone are derived in closed-forms. Finally, a practical analysis of the timing-skew effects in designing a 21.4 MHz IF sampled-data filter for radio applications is addressed to illustrate the effectiveness of the derived formula.
Choice of Sclerosant: An Experimental Study (1970)

The sclerosant hydroxypolyethoxydodecan (HPD) was studied in rats, and the results were compared with those from a previous study of tetradecyl sulphate of sodium (TSS). There appeared to be no significant difference between the two. The sclerosant efficiency increased with increasing concentration up to 6%, but a higher concentration than 6% is unlikely to be more effective in the rat or in man. In man, good results probably depend on exposure of the endothelium to sclerosant undiluted with blood for 1 s, and the total volume of 6% HPD or 6% TSS injected at one visit should not exceed 10 ml.
Metal Catalysts Recycling and Heterogeneous/Homogeneous Catalysis (2015)

Heterogeneous metal catalysts rather than homogeneous ones are recommended for industrial applications after considering their performance in activity, separation, and recycling [1]. The recycling of metal catalysts is important from economic and environmental points of view. When supported and bulk metal catalysts are used in liquid-phase organic reactions, there is a possibility that active metal species are leaching away into the liquid phases [2,3]. The metal leaching would make it difficult for the catalysts to maintain their desired initial performance for repeated batch reactions and during continuous ones. The metal leaching would also cause some undesired contamination of products by the metal species dissolved in the reaction mixture, and the separation of the metal contaminants would be required to purify the products. Therefore, various novel methods have been proposed so far to immobilize/stabilize the active metal species and to separate/collect/reuse the dissolved metal species [4]. In addition, knowledge on the heterogeneous and homogeneous natures of organic reactions using heterogeneous catalysts is important to discuss their reaction mechanisms and catalytically working active species. [...]
Utilizing reflection properties of surfaces to improve mobile robot localization (2009)

A main difficulty that arises in the context of probabilistic localization is the design of an appropriate observation model, i.e., determining the likelihood of a sensor measurement given the pose of the robot and a map of the environment. Many successful approaches to localization rely on data provided by range sensors, e.g., laser range scanners. When using such data one normally has to deal with erroneous maximum-range readings that occur due to poor-reflecting surfaces. In general, these readings cannot be distinguished from readings obtained when no obstacle is within the measurement range of the sensor. Therefore, existing localization techniques treat these readings alike in the observation model. In this paper, we present a novel approach that explicitly considers the reflection properties of surfaces and thus the expectation of valid range measurements. In addition to the expected range measurement, we compute the probability of reflectance for a beam given the relative pose of the robot to the obstacle taking into account the angle of incidence of the beam. We estimate the reflection properties of surfaces using data collected with a mobile robot equipped with a laser range scanner. As we demonstrate in experiments carried out with a real robot, our technique leads to significantly improved localization results compared to a state-of-the-art observation model.
Calculating and improving ROI in software and system programs (2011)

The investment value of innovation follows from a technology's uncertain net present value and derived ROI calculations.
Heterogeneous Surface Orientation of Solution-Deposited Gold Films Enables Retention of Conductivity with High Strain—A New Strategy for Stretchable Electronics (2019)

Stretchable electronic devices rely on stretchable conductors to form device interconnects and electrodes that maintain electrical performance during deformation. Although the high conductivity of metals makes them desirable materials for these applications, the lack of intrinsic stretchability of metals is a fundamental problem in stretchable electronics. Research efforts to impart stretchability to metal films on elastomers have involved configuring the films into wavy features that unbend with strain or using high surface roughness to engineer how cracks form in metal films under strain. However, the topographies used in these approaches cause problems with integrating these metal films as electrodes in thin-film devices. This paper presents a new, simple, and low-cost strategy for the fabrication of stretchable gold films with planar topography that remain highly conductive to 95% elongation. Using solution-based electroless plating to deposit gold films on the elastomer poly(dimethylsiloxane) results in a heterogeneous crystalline surface texture with misoriented grains that are strong barriers to dislocation movement. Under strain, the misoriented grains cause the formation of a unique nanoscale cracking pattern that is remarkably effective at preserving conductivity. We demonstrate that this performance, coupled with the planar topography of these gold films, makes them suitable as electrodes in intrinsically stretchable light-emitting devices.
Independent Codes for Spatial and Episodic Memory in Hippocampal Neuronal Ensembles (2005)

Hippocampal neurons were recorded under conditions in which the recording chamber was varied but its location remained unchanged versus conditions in which an identical chamber was encountered in different places. Two forms of neuronal pattern separation occurred. In the variable cue-constant place condition, the firing rates of active cells varied, often over more than an order of magnitude, whereas the location of firing remained constant. In the variable place-constant cue condition, both location and rates changed, so that population vectors for a given location in the chamber were statistically independent. These independent encoding schemes may enable simultaneous representation of spatial and episodic memory information.
OSEM-3D Reconstruction Strategies for the ECAT HRRT (2005)

High spatial resolution dynamic brain PET imaging with the ECAT HRRT scanner with short frame durations is characterized by very few counts per sinogram bin due to the small size of the crystal surface. The use of various weighting schemes for OSEM-3D can result in significantly different results. In particular, the correction for random and scattered coincidences prior to the reconstruction can lead to a systematic positive bias in the reconstructed image. We show that the use of Ordinary Poisson OSEM-3D, where all corrections are applied during the iterative steps, allows to avoid this bias without compromising spatial resolution, at a price of a lower convergence rate.
<title>Absorption calorimetry and laser-induced damage threshold measurements of antireflective-coated ZnSe and metal mirrors at 10.6 μm</title> (1991)

Absorption and pulsed laser induced damage of antireflective coatings on ZnSe and high reflecting metal mirrors were studied. As deposition materials for the AR-coatings germanium zinc sulfide zinc selenide cadmium selenide and different fluorides were selected. For protecting and enhancing of metal mirrors zinc sulfide and zinc selenide were used in conjunction with ThF4 as low index material. The films were deposited by thermal evaporation. Absorption measurements were performed with the aid of a laser calorimeter and a cw C2aser Single-shot and multiple-shot (prf 3 Hz) damage thresholds were measured by a computer controlled test facility using 100 ns pulses from a TEA C02-laser. The gaussian beam was focussed down to a diameter of 1. 4 mm on the sample surface. A scatter measurement system and an on-line video microscope were applied for damage detection. Damage morphology was investigated by Nomarski- and scanning electron microscopy. Key words: C02-laser laser induced damage single-shot multiple-shot laser calorimetry photothennal deflection spectroscopy ar-coating metal mirror video image processing. 1.
Long-term memory prediction using affine motion compensation (2003)

Long-term memory prediction extends motion compensation from the previous frame to several past frames with the result of increased coding efficiency. We demonstrate that combining long-term memory prediction with affine motion compensation leads to further coding gains. For that, various affine motion parameter sets are estimated between frames in the long-term memory buffer and the current frame. Motion compensation is conducted using standard block matching in the multiple reference frame buffer. The picture reference and the affine motion parameters are transmitted as side information. The technique is embedded into a hybrid video coder mainly following the H.263 standard. The coder control employs Lagrangian optimization for the motion estimation and macroblock mode decision. Significant bit-rate savings between 20 and 50% are achieved for the sequences tested over TMN-10 the test model of H.263+. These bit-rate savings correspond to gains in PSNR between 0.8 and 3 dB.
Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets by hydrothermal reduction method (2015)

Graphene, a single atom-thick sheet of hexagonally arranged sp 2 - bonded carbon atoms, shows extraordinary electronic, mechanical and optical properties for potential applications. Currently there are several methods like mechanical exfoliation, bottom-up synthesis and chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) suspension are used to prepare the reduced graphene sheets. Among them, the chemical reduction of GO is used to prepare the reduced graphene sheets. In this work, Graphene oxide was synthesized from graphite using Hummers method. Nitrogen-doped graphene sheets were prepared through hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide in the presence of hydrazine and ammonia. The structure and morphology were investigated through X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. Raman spectroscopy analysis was used to confirm the nitrogen doping and the optical properties of GO and reduced graphene sheets were studied using UV-Vis Spectroscopy.
Endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis: Role of inflammation and oxidative stress (2015)

This review describes the recent developments in the pathobiology of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in the context of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and defines novel strategies and potential targets for therapy. ED has prognostic implications by predicting unfavourable early hepatic events and mortality in patients with portal hypertension and advanced liver diseases. ED characterised by an impaired bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) within the hepatic circulation and is mainly due to decreased bioavailability of NO and accelerated degradation of NO with reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, elevated inflammatory markers also inhibit NO synthesis and causes ED in cirrhotic liver. Therefore, improvement of NO availability in the hepatic circulation can be beneficial for the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and associated portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis. Furthermore, therapeutic agents that are identified in increasing NO bioavailability through improvement of hepatic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and reduction in hepatic asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous modulator of eNOS and a key mediator of elevated intrahepatic vascular tone in cirrhosis would be interesting therapeutic approaches in patients with endothelial dysfunction and portal hypertension in advanced liver diseases.
Case report--a neonate with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. (1993)

A post-dated intra-uterine growth retarded male Malay baby was born to a 30-year-old mother gravida II by Caesarean section. Her previous pregnancy ended in still-birth. The baby was severely asphyxiated at birth. He was intubated and immediately admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. He had anasarca, anaemia, purpura and firm, massive hepatosplenomegaly. X-rays revealed ascites and bilateral metaphysiitis of the long bones. The haemoglobin level was 5.0 gm/dl and PCV 18.3%. Coombs' test was negative. Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were prolonged. The baby and mother were positive for Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and the treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) tests. The baby was actively resuscitated but expired at three and a half hours of life due to overwhelming sepsis associated with severe anaemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation.