gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Lobster Fisheries to Improve Yield and Value (2013)

Enhancement of lobster fisheries has the use of a range of systems over the last 150 years. Attempts to create new fisheries resources by translocating lobsters beyond their natural range have been largely unsuccessful. Although occasional reports of Homarus americanus in European waters occurred since the 1990s, no self-producing populations have been documented. The release of hatchery reared H. americanus and H. gammarus juveniles for recovery of depleted stocks and enhancement of fisheries has had a long history with most recent activity underway in Norway, the UK and Ireland. Research scale enhancement of spiny lobsters has also occurred using juveniles on-grown from wild-sourced puerulus. Success in these operations has relied on understanding processes affecting post-release survival and modifications to the release operations. Enhancements also occur through moving lobsters that are below harvestable size within their natural range. This improves market traits and production by moving lobsters to areas of higher growth. This review explores the performance of lobster enhancement operations through case studies, including one on Jasus edwardsii, and also the general principles that underpin enhancement, such as the need for monitoring and evaluation of economic feasibility.
Telephone Assessment of lllness: What Is Being Taught and Learned? (1978)

An important part of the educational program of house officers consists of teaching skills that are needed to practice medicine. There is great time and energy expended in the educational process, but rarely are these efforts subjected to critical evaluation. The following study points out the need for an evaluation program to determine if the teaching is effective. Since pediatricians may spend one eighth of their time on the telephone,1 an important part of house officer training programs should be the development of telephone communication skills. Careful evaluations have demonstrated that pediatricians and house officers have not asked important questions during telephone consultations.
Behavior Recognition of a Person in a Daily Video Using Joint Position Information (2018)

In this paper, we propose a method to recognize people's specific behaviors in images acquired in everyday life. The poses that occur when taking a specific action are represented using the joint coordinates of the body. To reduce the influence of the perspective effect on the locations in an image, the coordinates of joints for each person were normalized and the pose was classified using SVM with the normalized coordinates. Experimental results on video images of CCTV camera on ordinary alleys showed that the proposed method relatively recognized a specific behavior.
Surveillance of Duodenal Adenomas in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Reveals High Cumulative Risk of Advanced Disease (2004)

This prospective series shows a higher duodenal polyposis progression rate and cumulative risk of late-stage (stage IV) duodenal polyposis in FAP patients compared with previous series. These results suggest that current modalities for surveillance and management of these patients need revision.
Real-world occlusion in optical see-through AR displays (2017)

In this work we describe a system composed by an optical see-through AR headset---a Microsoft HoloLens---, stereo projectors and shutter glasses. Projectors are used to add to the device the capability of occluding real-world surfaces to make the virtual objects to appear more solid and less transparent.
L2 교실에서 L1을 사용할 때 스웨덴어를 전공하는 한국인 대학생들의 생각. (2013)

외국어를 가르칠 때는 어떠한 방법이 가장 효과적인 것에 대한 다 양한 토론이 있다. 그 중에 가르치면서 학생들의 모국어를(L1) 함께 사용할 것인가 배우는 언어만(L2) 사용할 것인가에 있다.
일반적으로 외국어를 가르칠 때에는 학생들에게 L2만 사용해왔다. 하지만 최근 연구에 의하면 선생님들이 L1도 함께 사용해주면 학생 들에게 더 효과가 있다고 한다.
본 논문은 스웨덴어를 공부하는 한국인 대학생들이 어떠한 생각을 하는지에 대해 알아본 것이다. 학생 81명에서 설문조사를 하고 수준 별로 초급, 중급, 고급으로 나누었다.
그 결과 거의 모든 학생들의 생각은 선생님이 한국어를 할 줄 안 다면 스웨덴어를 배우는데 있어 더 쉽게 이해할 수 있다고 생각했다. 초급학생들은 고급학생들보다 선생님이 수업할 때 한국어를 더 많이 사용해주길 원하고 찬성했다. 왜냐하면 초급 학생들에게는 새로운 언어를 만나면 추가설명이 많이 필요하다고 생각하고 고급학생들은 스웨덴어를 많이 연습하는 시간이 중요하다고 생각한다. 모든 레벨 의 학생들은 대부분 스웨덴어를 배우는데 있어서 한국어를 조금씩은 사용해 주는 것을 원했다. 그렇기 때문에 외국어를 가르치는 선생님 들은 L2만이 아닌 L1도 가끔씩 사용하는 것이 학생들에게 도움을 주 는 방법인 것 같다.
Imaging near‐borehole structure using acoustic logging data with pre‐stack F‐K migration (2005)

We apply a pre‐stack F‐K migration technique to the full‐wave acoustic logging data to obtain an image of geological structures in the near‐borehole region. The data acquisition configuration of acoustic logging, i.e., the span of receivers along the receiver array and a large number of tool positions along the borehole, well suits the requirement for the chosen migration method. The pre‐stack F‐K migration has no dip angle limitation and therefore can handle large angle dips (with respect to the borehole axis) quite well. It can also efficiently handle a large volume of data in one processing. Because it solves the migration problem in the frequency‐wavenumber domain, the F‐K migration can distinguish between up‐dips and down‐dips for a bed boundary intersecting the borehole. The technique has been tested with synthetic and field data sets. A deviated well acoustic logging data set will be used to demonstrate the ability of the technique to obtain clear structural images away from the borehole.
An object-oriented framework for simulating multi-echelon inventory systems (2006)

In this paper, we discuss the design and use of an objectoriented framework for simulating multi-echelon inventory systems. We present a context for how the framework can be used through its application on two examples. In addition, we describe the design by examining the major conceptual artifacts within the object-oriented model. The framework is built on a Java Simulation Library (JSL) and permits easy modeling and execution of simulation models. The results and discussion indicate the flexibility and power of modeling with the framework. In addition, we summarize our future research efforts to model complex supply chains.
Numerical Modeling and Analytical Investigation of Autofrettage Process on the Fluid End Module of Fracture Pumps (2018)

One of the most important components in the hydraulic fracturing is a type of positive-displacement-reciprocating-pumps known as a fracture pump. The fluid end module of the pump is prone to failure due to unconventional drilling impacts of the fracking. The basis of the fluid end module can be attributed to cross bores. Stress concentration locations appear at the bores intersections and as a result of cyclic pressures failures occur. Autofrettage is one of the common technologies to enhance the fatigue resistance of the fluid end module through imposing the compressive residual stresses. However, evaluating the stress–strain evolution during the autofrettage and approximating the residual stresses are vital factors. Fluid end module geometry is complex and there is no straightforward analytical solution for prediction of the residual stresses induced by autofrettage. Finite element analysis (FEA) can be applied to simulate the autofrettage and investigate the stress–strain evolution and residual stress fields. Therefore, a nonlinear kinematic hardening material model was developed and calibrated to simulate the autofrettage process on a typical commercial triplex fluid end module. Moreover, the results were compared to a linear kinematic hardening model and a 6–12% difference between two models was observed for compressive residual hoop stress at different cross bore corners. However, implementing nonlinear FEA for solving the complicated problems is computationally expensive and time-consuming. Thus, the comparison between nonlinear FEA and a proposed analytical formula based on the notch strain analysis for a cross bore was performed and the accuracy of the analytical model was evaluated.
Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity (1973)

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Crystal structure of P-protein of the glycine cleavage system (2005)

Precursors for isoprenoid synthesis are essential in all organisms. These compounds are synthesized by one of two known routes: the well characterized mevalonate pathway [1] or a recently discovered non-mevalonate route which is used in many bacteria and human pathogens [2]. Since the second pathway is both vital and unlike any found in humans, enzymes catalysing reactions along this synthetic route are possible drug targets. The structure of one such enzyme from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus has been solved to high resolution in the presence of substrate and with a substrate analogue. Enzyme co-crystallized with substrate shows only one product, cytosine monophosphate (CMP), in the active site. At the high resolution of the refinement (1.6 ) the positions and coordination of the magnesium ions in the active site are clearly seen.
Detection of vertical root fractures in intact and endodontically treated premolar teeth by designing a probabilistic neural network: an <i>ex vivo</i> study (2016)

The designed neural network can be used as a proper model for the diagnosis of VRFs on CBCT images of endodontically treated and intact teeth; in this context, CBCT images are more effective than similar periapical radiographs. Limitations of this study are the use of sound one-rooted premolar teeth without carious lesions and dental fillings and not simulating the adjacent anatomic structures. Further in vitro work using a full-skull simulation for CBCT and skin/bone simulation is needed.
Selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists worsen disease in experimental colitis (2010)

Although nicotine reduced cytokine responses in vitro, both selective alpha7 nAChR agonists worsened the effects of DSS-induced colitis or were ineffective in those of TNBS-induced colitis. Our data indicate the need for caution in evaluating alpha7 nAChR as a drug target in colitis.
Performance of Meridian ImmunoCard Mycoplasma test in a multicenter clinical trial (1996)

Serology is the principal laboratory method used to diagnose Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Meridian Diagnostics has developed the ImmunoCard Mycoplasma kit, a 10-min card-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) designed to detect immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to M. pneumoniae. We compared the ImmunoCard with two M. pneumoniae IgM-specific assays (immunofluorescence assay [IFA] and ELISA) and a standard complement fixation (CF) procedure using 896 specimens submitted to clinical laboratories for M. pneumoniae serology. Equivocal results obtained by CF, IFA, or ELISA were resolved by testing with an additional method or by reviewing patient chart information. The ImmunoCard had sensitivities ranging from 74% compared with the ELISA to 96% compared with CF results with IFA. ImmunoCard specificities ranged from 85% compared with the IgM-specific ELISA to 98% compared with IgM-specific IFA results resolved with clinical chart review. We also compared the ImmunoCard results with consensus results of 694 specimens tested on at least two non-ImmunoCard methods because of the lack of a "gold standard" for M. pneumoniae serology. Overall, the ImmunoCard Mycoplasma IgM assay had 90% sensitivity, 93% specificity, and 92% agreement with the consensus results. The ImmunoCard is technically less complex and requires less equipment that the three other assays. Our results indicate that the ImmunoCard Mycoplasma IgM assay is a valid and simple procedure which can reduce technologist time (and, thus, labor cost) and turnaround time for laboratories analyzing small numbers of specimens (< 10 per batch) submitted for IgM anti-M. pneumoniae testing.
The adamantane rearrangement of 1,2‐trimethylenenorbornanes. Part IV. Hydride‐ion abstraction in 1,2‐<i>exo</i>‐trimethylenenorbornane (1985)

Abstract In the AlBr 3 ‐catalyzed adamantane rearrangement in CS 2 of 1,2‐ exo ‐trimethylenenorbornane ( 1 ) to 2‐ endo ,6‐ endo ‐trimethylenenorbornane ( 3 ), hydride‐ion abstraction occurs at C(6) from the exo ‐side. The k H / k D value for competition between 1 and 5 (D exo ‐C(6)) was 1.58 ± 0.05, whereas no kinetic isotope effect was operative for competition between unlabeled 1 and 4 (D endo ‐C(5)) and between 1 and 6 (D endo ‐C(6)).
Biofilms in chronic infections – a matter of opportunity – monospecies biofilms in multispecies infections (2010)

Udgivelsesdato: 2010-Aug
Continuous bed columns containing sol–gel bonded large‐pore octadecylsilica for capillary electrochromatography (1999)

Continuous bed columns containing sol–gel bonded large-pore octadecylsilica (ODS) particles (7 μm, 4000 Å) were prepared by packing ODS particles into fused silica capillaries, filling the packed capillaries with siliceous sol–gel, curing the sol–gel, and drying the column with supercritical carbon dioxide. The performance of these columns was evaluated for capillary electrochromatography and compared to packed columns with the same column dimensions and packing materials, except for the sol–gel, using TRIS buffer in aqueous acetonitrile as mobile phase. No bubble formation was noticed in the sol–gel bonded ODS column with electric field strength up to 732 V cm−1 and current as high as 3.5 μA. The electroosmotic flow velocity in the sol–gel bonded ODS column was the comparable to the mobile phase velocity used in conventional HPLC, and was 30% higher than that measured for the packed ODS capillary column. An efficiency of 2.20×105 plates per meter (plate height of 4.56 μm, or reduced plate height of 0.65) was obtained for unretained thiourea with a 41/32 cm×75 μm i.d. sol–gel bonded large-pore ODS column, which was nearly 2× greater than that of the packed ODS capillary column. Mixtures of aromatic amines were eluted from the column with symmetrical peak shapes, which suggested that the sol–gel matrix had no deleterious effect on peak shapes of solutes under experimental conditions. Based on experimental results, a model of the sol–gel bonded ODS column was proposed. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 11: 550–561, 1999
Segmentation and recognition of color‐dot characters with complex background (1990)

Abstract As an example of character recognition from overlapping data, this paper presents the recognition of Ishihara's color vision test chart, where a color character composed of color dots is embedded in a background composed of color dots. The histogram is constructed on the normalized tri‐color coordinate, and the representative color is determined as the maximal point of the histogram. The distance pattern is constructed based on the representative colors, and the shape skeleton is extracted by the DP matching between the distance pattern and the category dictionary. The line width and the final position are determined by an examination based on the variance criterion. It is shown that the DP matching is useful in the hypothesis testing for the object, where both the background and the character are multivalued color textures.
Calling Variants in the Clinic: Informed Variant Calling Decisions Based on Biological, Clinical, and Laboratory Variables (2019)

Deep sequencing genomic analysis is becoming increasingly common in clinical research and practice, enabling accurate identification of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive determinants. Variant calling, distinguishing between true mutations and experimental errors, is a central task of genomic analysis and often requires sophisticated statistical, computational, and/or heuristic techniques. Although variant callers seek to overcome noise inherent in biological experiments, variant calling can be significantly affected by outside factors including those used to prepare, store, and analyze samples. The goal of this review is to discuss known experimental features, such as sample preparation, library preparation, and sequencing, alongside diverse biological and clinical variables, and evaluate their effect on variant caller selection and optimization.
Rapid detection of<i>Escherichia coli</i>and enterococci in recreational water using an immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate technique (2009)

The IMS/ATP method addresses critical public health needs for the rapid detection of faecal-indicator contamination and has potential for satisfying US legislative mandates requiring methods to detect bathing water contamination in 2 h or less. Moreover, IMS/ATP equipment is considerably less costly and more portable than that for molecular methods, making the method suitable for field applications.
Electrical Activity of Single Fibers of the Atrioventricular Node (1959)

The mechanism of atrioventricular delay has been studied in isolated rabbit hearts. Multiple intracellular microelectrodes have been employed to obtain simultaneous records from single fibers of atrium, A-V node and His bundle. An appreciable delay in the transmission of excitation has been found only in the atrial portion of the A-V node. Action potentials recorded from single fibers in this area show a low resting potential, slow diastolic depolarization, slow upstroke and low amplitude. These action potentials frequently show one or more notches or steps on the rising phase. Action potentials recorded from fibers of the His bundle are similar in shape and amplitude to those of peripheral Purkinje fibers. Records obtained at several sites between the atrial portion of the node and the His bundle show a gradual transition in action potential shape. The mechanism of slow transmission across the A-V node is discussed in relation to the electrical activity of fibers at the atrial end of this structure.
Improving mobile device interaction by eye tracking analysis (2012)

This paper describes a non-intrusive eyetracking tool for mobile devices by using images acquired by the front camera of the iPhone and iPod Touch. By tracking and interpreting the user's gaze to the smartphone's screen coordinates the user can interact with the device by using a more natural and spotaneous way. The application uses a Haar classifier based detection module for identifying the eyes in the acquired images and subsequently the CAMSHIFT algorithm to find and track the eyes movement and detect the user's gaze. The performance of the proposed tool was evaluated by testing the system on 16 users and the results shown that in about 79% of the times it was able to detect correctly the users' gaze.
Antidiabetic mechanisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (2004)

Several lines of evidence suggest that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and some angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) may improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the risk for type 2 diabetes. It is widely assumed that the potential antidiabetic properties of these agents are largely mediated by their ability to interfere with the adverse metabolic effects of angiotensin II. However, recent studies suggest that ACE inhibitors might improve glucose metabolism primarily through effects on kinin-nitric oxide pathways. In addition, one ARB in particular, telmisartan, has been found to effectively activate the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a well-known target for insulin-sensitizing, antidiabetic drugs. Thus, the beneficial metabolic effects of some ACE inhibitors and ARBs may go well beyond their effects on the renin-angiotensin system. Moreover, the identification of telmisartan as a unique angiotensin II receptor antagonist with selective PPARgamma modulating ability suggests new opportunities for developing third-generation ARBs and PPARgamma activators, with enhanced potential for treating hypertension, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
White Fingernails (1964)

Inherited leukonychia totalis is a rare medical oddity, striking in appearance. It carries no connotation of disease, and has usually behaved as a simple, dominant characteristic.<sup>1</sup>It has had brief reference in the general medical literature. In contrast, noninherited, incomplete leukonychia—either as white spots or transverse streaks of white—has been repeatedly described since 1646 and has acquired an abundance of folklore names: gift spots, lies, sweethearts, to name a few. Etiologies have been numerous: trauma, heavy-metal poisoning, acute "rhumatism," typhoid fever, ulcerative colitis, myocardial infarction, and many others.<sup>2</sup>Both forms of leukonychia are the result of imperfect cornification (incomplete keratinization) of the horny cells of the nail plate.<sup>3</sup> "Apparent" leukonychia, in which the translucent nail plate appears white, has been described most often in dystrophic diseases of the extremities (leprosy, for instance)<sup>4</sup>and, more commonly, in cirrhosis of the livers.<sup>5</sup>In these conditions, morphological changes in the nail bed give
KRAS Oncoprotein Expression Is Regulated by a Self-Governing eIF5A-PEAK1 Feed-Forward Regulatory Loop (2018)

There remains intense interest in tractable approaches to target or silence the KRAS oncoprotein as a rational therapeutic strategy to attack pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other cancers that overexpress it. Here we provide evidence that accumulation of the KRAS oncoprotein is controlled by a self-regulating feed-forward regulatory loop that utilizes a unique hypusinated isoform of the translation elongation factor eIF5A and the tyrosine kinase PEAK1. Oncogenic activation of KRAS increased eIF5A-PEAK1 translational signaling, which in turn facilitated increased KRAS protein synthesis. Mechanistic investigations show that this feed-forward positive regulatory pathway was controlled by oncogenic KRAS-driven metabolic demands, operated independently of canonical mTOR signaling, and did not involve new <i>KRAS</i> gene transcription. Perturbing eIF5A-PEAK1 signaling, by genetic or pharmacologic strategies or by blocking glutamine synthesis, was sufficient to inhibit expression of KRAS, eIF5A, and PEAK1, to attenuate cancer cell growth and migration, and to block tumor formation in established preclinical mouse models of PDAC. Levels of KRAS, eIF5A, and PEAK1 protein increased during cancer progression with the highest levels of expression observed in metastatic cell populations. Combinatorial targeting of eIF5A hypusination and the RAS-ERK signaling pathway cooperated to attenuate KRAS expression and its downstream signaling along with cell growth <i>in vitro</i> and tumor formation <i>in vivo</i> Collectively, our findings highlight a new mechanistic strategy to attenuate KRAS expression as a therapeutic strategy to target PDAC and other human cancers driven by KRAS activation.<b>Significance:</b> These findings highlight a new mechanistic strategy to attenuate KRAS expression as a therapeutic strategy to target human cancers driven by KRAS activation. <i>Cancer Res; 78(6); 1444-56. ©2018 AACR</i>.