gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas Turbine Transient Performance Tracking Using Data Fusion Based on an Adaptive Particle Filter (2015)

This paper considers the problem of gas turbine transient performance tracking in a cluttered environment. To increase the accuracy and robustness of state estimation, a data-fusion nonlinear estimation method based on an adaptive particle filter (PF) is proposed. This method needs local estimates transmitted to a central filtering unit for data fusion, and then global data feedback to the local PF for consensus propagation. The computational burden is shared by the local PF and central filtering unit in the data-fusion architecture. Furthermore, the PF algorithm used for the data fusion is embedded with the prior knowledge of engine health condition and adaptive to the measurement noise, and hence is called the adaptive PF. The heuristic information of state variables represented by inequality constraints tunes the local estimates by a probability density truncation method. The covariance of measurement noise is calculated by wavelet transform and utilized to update the particle importance function of the real time PF. The performance improvements of the proposed method are indicated through extensive experiments for gradual and abrupt shift performance tracking under conditions of gas turbine transient operation.
The effects of shoe design parameters on rearfoot control in running (1983)

Control of the amount and/or rate of pronation of the foot which occurs during distance running has been cited as an important consideration for runners when selecting a running shoe. In this study, high-speed movie film was taken from the rear while 10 subjects ran on a treadmill at a pace of 3.8 m X s-1. These subjects wore 36 different shoes in combinations of three midsole hardnesses, three heel flares, and four heel heights. The film data were digitized and used to determine the eversion or inversion of the heel relative to the lower leg throughout foot contact. Because eversion of the foot is a component of pronation it was used as a predictor of how much pronation was occurring. It was found that shoes with soft midsoles (25 durometer, Shore A scale) allowed significantly more maximum pronation (MP) and total rearfoot movement (TRM) than shoes with either medium (35 durometer) or hard (45 durometer) midsoles. Shoes with 0 degrees heel flare allowed significantly more MP and TRM than shoes with either 15 degrees or 30 degrees heel flares. Heel height was found to have no significant effect on either MP or TRM. These data provide guidelines for the construction of running shoes designed to limit rearfoot movement.
Estimates of stage‐specific survival are altered by changes in the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for melanoma (2005)

Estimates of stage-specific survival were altered substantially by the changes made in the 2002 AJCC staging system for melanoma, particularly for Stage II. Stage subgroups that were added in the 2002 system resulted in a large diversity of risk within Stage III. This must be taken into account to stratify patients properly for clinical trials. The increased complexity of the 2002 system did not improve its predictive ability over the simpler 1997 system, highlighting the importance of developing individualized risk-prediction models.
The formation of high-purity isocyanurate through proazaphosphatrane-catalysed isocyanate cyclo-trimerisation: computational insights (2012)

Polyurethane foams are widely used materials and control of their physical properties is a significant challenge. Management of cyclo-trimerisation during the polymerisation process is vital when tailoring the mechanical properties of the foam. Proazaphosphatranes are known to efficiently catalyse the cyclo-trimerisation of organic isocyanates, giving high purity isocyanurate with little uretdione by-product. The mechanism of this catalysis was previously unknown, although some zwitterionic intermediates have been identified spectroscopically. We have investigated a nucleophilic-catalysis reaction pathway involving sequential addition of methyl isocyanate to activated zwitterionic intermediates using density functional theory calculations. Evidence for significant transannulation by the proazaphosphatrane nitrogen was found for all intermediates, offering stabilisation of the phosphonium cation. Steric crowding at the proazaphosphatrane nucleophilic phosphorus gives rise to a preference for direct isocyanurate formation rather than via the uretdione, in sharp contrast to the uncatalysed system which has been found to preferentially proceed via the kinetic uretdione product. The investigations suggest the mechanism of proazaphosphatrane catalysed cyclo-oligomerisation does not proceed via the uretdione product, and hence why little of this impurity is observed experimentally.
SDS disc electrophoresis of proteins in homogeneous, low‐concentrated polyacrylamide gels (2007)

In the attempt to separate in a single gel run low- and high-molecular-weight proteins, we present here a multiphasic buffer system designed for this purpose. It avoids the continuous stacking of SDS as it occurs in the 'classical' SDS-PAGE. The system allows complete stacking and destacking of proteins in the 3.5-250 kDa range at acrylamide concentrations as low as 4.5% T (total acrylamide concentration in %) and 2.6% C (degree of cross-linking in %). Taurine is used as the trailing ion in the cathode buffer and in the resolving zone of the gel, and two different counterions (Tris and imidazole) in the stacking zone. The gel system is easy to prepare and, due to the very low acrylamide concentrations, it is ideal for analytical as well as for preparative tasks.
Role of husbands in family planning. (1976)

Responses from 907 women in fertile age groups from 25 communities showed that nearly 98% of husbands and almost 100% of wives had heard of some family planning method. The men more generally knew of male methods and the women, female methods. Nearly 1/2 the husbands thought the loop, oral pill, and vasectomy were bad and about 20% also thought the condom was bad. Condoms were by far the most approved method (50% approving) while about 1/4 said that oral pill and rhythm were good and about 1/5 said the loop and vasectomy were good. More wives than husbands reported the husband as the major decision-maker in the family while the husband said decisions were joint. Husbands' and wives' reports of family planning practice disagreed greatly except for the category of "ever users." Husbands reported only 26% were currently practicing compared to 41% of wives; 16% of husbands reported never used, compared to 37% of wives. 31% of husbands and 0% of wives reported did not know. Husbands who were current or ever users tended to be aware of practicing neighbors more than never users (40% of current and ever users were aware of 5 or more people who were practicing). Of those who talked with neighbors about family planning 40% were current users, 34% ever users, and 27% never users. Of husbands and wives who discussed family planning with each other 38% were current users, 44% ever users, and 18% never users. 76% of husbands who did not approve of any method were never users. The most striking finding is the discrepancy between reported practice rates. A possible interpretation is the husbands' lack of sense of responsibility for family planning, an outcome to be expected of a program aimed at women and which, until recently, almost completely excluded men. A more balanced approach to couples is needed. It is a mistake to risk possible negative repercussions by excluding men when they are still major decision-makers in the majority of Korean households.
Racial differences in treatment and outcomes among patients with early stage bladder cancer (2009)

Although differences in initial treatment were evident, they did not appear to be systematic and had unclear clinical significance. Whereas black patients are at greater risk of death, this disparity did not appear to be caused by differences in the intensity or quality of care provided.
Targeting Cancer Metabolism (2012)

The understanding that oncogenes can have profound effects on cellular metabolism and the discovery of mutations and alterations in several metabolism-related enzymes--isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), fumarate hydratase (FH), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)--has renewed interest in cancer metabolism and renewed hope of taking therapeutic advantage of cancer metabolism. Otto Warburg observed that aerobic glycolysis was a characteristic of cancer cells. More than 50 years later, we understand that aerobic glycolysis and uptake of glutamine and glycine allow cancer cells to produce energy (ATP) and the nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids required for proliferation. Expression of the MYC oncogene drives the increase in cellular biomass facilitating proliferation. PKM2 expression in cancer cells stimulates aerobic glycolysis. Among intermediary metabolism enzymes, mutations in SDH occur in gastointestinal stromal tumors and result in a pseudohypoxic metabolic milieu. FH mutations lead to a characteristic renal cell carcinoma. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) mutations have been found in leukemias, gliomas, prostate cancer, colon cancer, thyroid cancer, and sarcomas. These recently recognized oncogenic metabolic lesions may be selective targets for new anticancer therapeutics.
The nature of seismic reflections from deep crustal fault zones (1984)

Deep seismic reflection profiles have recorded reflections from ductile shear zones within the crystalline basement. Perhaps the best example is the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) Wind River line in Wyoming, which shows the Wind River thrust fault to be a strong reflector from the surface to depths of about 30 km. To identify the physical properties responsible for the seismic reflections from fault zones, we report measurements of compressional wave velocity and velocity anisotropy in mylonites recovered from exhumed ductile shear zones. These rocks are characterized by extensive ductile deformation of plastic minerals, brittle deformation of the more rigid minerals, grain size reduction, and development of a strong fabric. Average velocity and density were not found to change significantly and systematically between the mylonites and the adjacent undeformed rock. Seismic anisotropy of 7% or greater is present in several mylonites dependent upon their composition and fabric. Using our data on mylonite properties and models for the crustal structure near the Wind River line, we compute true amplitude synthetic reflection seismograms and compare them to true amplitude plots of the COCORP Wind River reflection data. When anisotropy and the finely laminated structure of the fault zone are considered, our modeling indicates fairly strong reflections from mylonite zones in most cases. We also show that elevated pore pressure in shear zones may produce strong reflections. However, a permeability of the order of 10 −16 darcy is required to maintain sufficient pore pressure to produce a velocity anomaly in a fault zone which has long been inactive.
Inflammation and breast cancer. Cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin signaling and breast cancer (2007)

Many human cancers exhibit elevated prostaglandin (PG) levels due to upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in eicosanoid biosynthesis. COX-2 over-expression has been observed in about 40% of cases of invasive breast carcinoma and at a higher frequency in preinvasive ductal carcinoma in situ tumors, Extensive pharmacologic and genetic evidence implicates COX enzymes in neoplasia. Epidemiologic analyses demonstrate a protective effect of COX-inhibiting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with respect to human cancer. Complementary experimental studies have established that both conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective COX-2 inhibitors suppress mammary tumor formation in rodent breast cancer models. Furthermore, knocking out Cox-2 reduces mammary tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, and, conversely, transgenic COX-2 over-expression induces tumor formation. The utility of COX/PG signaling as a target for chemoprevention has been established by randomized controlled clinical trials. However, these studies also identified increased cardiovascular risk associated with use of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Thus, current efforts are directed toward identifying safer approaches to antagonizing COX/PG signaling for cancer prevention and treatment, with a particular focus on PGE2 regulation and signaling, because PGE2 is a key pro-tumorigenic prostanoid.
A 2.4 KBPS speech coding method based on fuzzy vector quantization (2002)

A low-bit-rate, high-quality speech coding method is proposed. It is based on a PSE (power-spectrum envelope) analysis-synthesis method that provides high-quality synthetic speech. Its parameters are quantized using complementary fuzzy vector quantization (C-FVQ), which is newly developed to reduce the bit rate with small quantization distortion. With C-FVQ, an input vector is represented as a linear combination of a small number of complementary codewords that minimize quantization distortion with optimal coefficients. Speech coded at 2.4 kb.p.s. using the most practical type of C-FVQ is of high quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Parallel progressive photon mapping on GPUs (2010)

Accurate global illumination rendering using GPUs is gaining attention because of the highly parallel nature of global illumination algorithms. For example, computing the radiance of each pixel using path tracing is embarrassingly parallel. Some major commercial rendering software also started adopting global illumination on GPUs.
Cell surface sialic acids do not affect primary CD22 interactions with CD45 and surface IgM nor the rate of constitutive CD22 endocytosis (2004)

CD22/Siglec-2 is a B cell-specific molecule modulating surface IgM (sIgM) signaling via cytosolic tyrosine-based motifs. CD22 recognizes a2-6-linked sialic acids (Sias) via an amino-terminal Ig-like domain. This Sia-binding site is typically masked by unknown sialylated ligands on the same cell surface, an interaction required for optimal signaling function. We studied the effect of cell surface Sias on specific interactions of CD22 with other molecules and on its turnover via endocytosis. A novel approach for simultaneous biotinylation and cross-linking showed that CD22 associates with CD45 and sIgM at much higher levels than reported in prior studies, possibly involving cell surface multimers of CD22. Sia removal or mutation of a CD22 arginine residue required for Sia recognition did not affect these associations even in human:mouse heterologous systems, indicating that they are primarily determined by evolutionarily conserved proteinprotein interactions. Thus masking of the Sia-binding site of CD22 involves many cell surface sialoglycoproteins, without requiring specific ligand(s) and/or is mediated by secondary interactions with Sias on CD45 and sIgM. Abrogating Sia interactions also does not affect constitutive CD22 endocytosis. Sia removal does enhance the much faster rate of anti-CD22 antibody-triggered endocytosis, as well as killing by an anti-CD22 immunotoxin. In contrast to the unstimulated state, sIgM cross-linking inhibits both antibody-induced endocytosis and immunotoxin killing. Thus the signalmodulating activity of CD22 Sia recognition cannot be explained by mediation of primary interactions with specific molecules, nor by effects on constitutive endocytosis. The effects on antibody-mediated endocytosis could be of relevance to immunotoxin treatment of lymphomas.
Describing the Brain in Autism in Five Dimensions—Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Assisted Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using a Multiparameter Classification Approach (2010)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with multiple causes, comorbid conditions, and a wide range in the type and severity of symptoms expressed by different individuals. This makes the neuroanatomy of autism inherently difficult to describe. Here, we demonstrate how a multiparameter classification approach can be used to characterize the complex and subtle structural pattern of gray matter anatomy implicated in adults with ASD, and to reveal spatially distributed patterns of discriminating regions for a variety of parameters describing brain anatomy. A set of five morphological parameters including volumetric and geometric features at each spatial location on the cortical surface was used to discriminate between people with ASD and controls using a support vector machine (SVM) analytic approach, and to find a spatially distributed pattern of regions with maximal classification weights. On the basis of these patterns, SVM was able to identify individuals with ASD at a sensitivity and specificity of up to 90% and 80%, respectively. However, the ability of individual cortical features to discriminate between groups was highly variable, and the discriminating patterns of regions varied across parameters. The classification was specific to ASD rather than neurodevelopmental conditions in general (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Our results confirm the hypothesis that the neuroanatomy of autism is truly multidimensional, and affects multiple and most likely independent cortical features. The spatial patterns detected using SVM may help further exploration of the specific genetic and neuropathological underpinnings of ASD, and provide new insights into the most likely multifactorial etiology of the condition.
Calorimetric Study of Amorphization in Planar, Binary, Multilayer, Thin-Film Diffusion Couples of Ni and Zr (1986)

We have utilized differential scanning calorimetry to monitor the solid-state reaction of crystalline metals to form an amorphous alloy in multilayered thin-film diffusion couples of elemental Ni and Zr. The heat of formation of amorphous ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{68}$${\mathrm{Zr}}_{32}$ alloy from the elemental metals is measured directly and found to be 35 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 5 kJ/mole. The kinetics of these reactions has been examined. The activation energy for interdiffusion in the amorphous phase is determined to be $E=1.05\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$ eV.
On the heating of linear conductive structures as guide wires and catheters in interventional MRI (2001)

The interest in performing vascular interventions under magnetic resonance (MR) guidance has initiated the evaluation of the potential hazard of long conductive wires and catheters. The objective of this work is to present a simple analytical approach to address this concern and to demonstrate the agreement with experimental results. The first hypothesis is that a long conductive structure couples with the electric field of the radio frequency (RF) transmit coil. The second hypothesis is that this coupling induces high voltages near the wire ends. These voltages can cause tissue heating due to induced currents. The experimental results show an increase in coupling when moving a guide wire toward the wall of an RF transmit coil, documented with a temperature increase of a saline solution in close proximity to the tip of the guide wire. The coupling of the wire not only presents a potential hazard to the patient, but also interferes with the visualization of the wire. A safe alternative would be the use of nonconducting guide wires. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:105-114.
Processing and rendering of Fourier domain optical coherence tomography images at a line rate over 524 kHz using a graphics processing unit (2011)

In Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), a large amount of interference data needs to be resampled from the wavelength domain to the wavenumber domain prior to Fourier transformation. We present an approach to optimize this data processing, using a graphics processing unit (GPU) and parallel processing algorithms. We demonstrate an increased processing and rendering rate over that previously reported by using GPU paged memory to render data in the GPU rather than copying back to the CPU. This avoids unnecessary and slow data transfer, enabling a processing and display rate of well over 524,000 A-scan∕s for a single frame. To the best of our knowledge this is the fastest processing demonstrated to date and the first time that FD-OCT processing and rendering has been demonstrated entirely on a GPU.
Predictive Biomarkers for Checkpoint Blockade in Urothelial Cancer: A Systematic Review (2019)

No single biomarker has been able to accurately predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Most studies included only a treatment arm and without a comparator arm it is not possible to ascertain whether biomarkers are predictive or merely prognostic. While PD-L1 immunohistochemistry has been largely unsuccessful, other biomarkers reflecting the immunogenicity of the underlying tumor, the characteristics of the immune infiltrate and the properties of the patient immune system have shown promising data. However, all are in need of validation.
End-User Visualization and Manipulation of Aggregate Data (1997)

Aggregate visualization and manipulation enables the viewing and interaction of dynamically changing data sets in a graphically meaningful way. However, off-the-shelf applications generally provide only limited ways to view aggregates. To be truly effective to the end-user, an aggregate visualization should be customizable to suit the individual's needs. This paper describes a software system that empowers end-users to create interactive aggregate visualizations through direct manipulation. Included are mechanisms for specifying how aggregate data is processed from multiple sources, providing functionality similar to project, select, join, and cross product of relational databases. Visualization of distributed data sets is emphasized.
Carbon dioxide Doppler lidar wind sensor on a space station polar platform (1989)

A study has been performed of the feasibility of accommodating a carbon dioxide Doppler lidar on a Space Station polar platform. Results show that such an instrument could be accommodated on a single 1.5- x 2.25-m optical bench, mounted centrally on the earth facing side of the satellite. The power, weight, and thermal issues appear resolvable. However, the question of servicing the instrument remains open, until more data are available on an isotopic CO(2) laser lifetime.
REVIEWS The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies. Edited by PRICEGLANVILLE. Vol. XXXIV (for 1972). Cambridge: Modern Humanities Research Association. 1973. xii + 994 pp. £9.25. (1974)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies. Edited by GLANVILLE PRICE. Vol. XXXIV (for 1972). Cambridge: Modern Humanities Research Association. 1973. xii + 994 pp. £9.25. STEPHEN ULLMANN STEPHEN ULLMANN OXFORD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXVIII, Issue 3, July 1974, Pages 373-a–373, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXVIII.3.373-a Published: 01 July 1974
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Electromagnetic Propagation Tool in Layered and Homogeneous Media (1987)

Summary We report a detailed experimental and theoretical study of the electromagnetic propagation tool (EPT™) in homogeneous and layered media. In this study, we measured the tool response in a number of homogeneous media, the standoff response in three formations, and the field maps for the magnetic field components parallel to the tool pad. We compared the experimental results to four theoretical models of different complexities. The best agreement is obtained with the model that takes into account the dominant geometric effects of EPT structure and the effect of the mutual coupling between the different slots. This study of EPT response is limited to relatively fresh fluids.