gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnesium Inhibits Wnt/β-Catenin Activity and Reverses the Osteogenic Transformation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2014)

Magnesium reduces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification in vitro but the mechanism has not been revealed so far. This work used only slightly increased magnesium levels and aimed at determining: a) whether inhibition of magnesium transport into the cell influences VSMC calcification, b) whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a key mediator of osteogenic differentiation, is modified by magnesium and c) whether magnesium can influence already established vascular calcification. Human VSMC incubated with high phosphate (3.3 mM) and moderately elevated magnesium (1.4 mM) significantly reduced VSMC calcification and expression of the osteogenic transcription factors Cbfa-1 and osterix, and up-regulated expression of the natural calcification inhibitors matrix Gla protein (MGP) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The protective effects of magnesium on calcification and expression of osteogenic markers were no longer observed in VSMC cultured with an inhibitor of cellular magnesium transport (2-aminoethoxy-diphenylborate [2-APB]). High phosphate induced activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway as demonstrated by the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus, increased expression of the frizzled-3 gene, and downregulation of Dkk-1 gene, a specific antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The addition of magnesium however inhibited phosphate-induced activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, TRPM7 silencing using siRNA resulted in activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Additional experiments were performed to test the ability of magnesium to halt the progression of already established VSMC calcification in vitro. The delayed addition of magnesium decreased calcium content, down-regulated Cbfa-1 and osterix and up-regulated MGP and OPG, when compared with a control group. This effect was not observed when 2-APB was added. In conclusion, magnesium transport through the cell membrane is important to inhibit VSMC calcification in vitro. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin by magnesium is one potential intracellular mechanism by which this anti-calcifying effect is achieved.
Happy chemical education (HCE) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHappy chemical education (HCE)Kaihui Shen Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 10, 816Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1993Published inissue 1 October 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ed070p816RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic Segmentation of Head and Neck Tumor: How Powerful Transformers Are? (2022)

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and head and neck (H&N) cancer is amongst the most prevalent types. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography are used to detect, segment and quantify the tumor region. Clinically, tumor segmentation is extensively time-consuming and prone to error. Machine learning, and deep learning in particular, can assist to automate this process, yielding results as accurate as the results of a clinician. In this paper, we investigate a vision transformer-based method to automatically delineate H&N tumor, and compare its results to leading convolutional neural network (CNN)-based models. We use multi-modal data from CT and PET scans to perform the segmentation task. We show that a solution with a transformer-based model has the potential to achieve comparable results to CNN-based ones. With cross validation, the model achieves a mean dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.736, mean precision of 0.766 and mean recall of 0.766. This is only 0.021 less than the 2020 competition winning model (cross validated in-house) in terms of the DSC score. On the testing set, the model performs similarly, with DSC of 0.736, precision of 0.773, and recall of 0.760, which is only 0.023 lower in DSC than the 2020 competition winning model. This work shows that cancer segmentation via transformer-based models is a promising research area to further explore.
Stitching Planning in Laparoscopic Surgery: Towards Robot-assisted Suturing (2009)

The work presented in this paper addresses the problem of the stitching task in laparoscopic surgery using a circular needle and a conventional four-degree-of-freedom needle holder. This task is particularly difficult for surgeons because of the kinematic constraints generated by the fulcrum in the abdominal wall of the patient. In order to assist the surgeons during suturing, we propose to compute possible paths for the needle through the tissues, which limit tissues deformation as much as possible while driving the needle towards the desired target. We propose a kinematic analysis and geometric modeling of the stitching task from which useful information can be obtained to assist the surgeon. The description of the task with appropriate state variables allows us to propose a simple practical method for computing optimal paths. Simulations show that the obtained paths are satisfactory even under difficult configurations and short computation times make the technique useful for intra-operative planning. The use of the stitching planning is shown for manual as well as for robot-assisted interventions in in vitro experiments.
Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases: Identification, Expression, and Evolutionary Analysis of This Gene Family in Tobacco (2019)

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) selectively catalyze carotenoids, forming smaller apocarotenoids that are essential for the synthesis of apocarotenoid flavor, aroma volatiles, and phytohormone ABA/SLs, as well as responses to abiotic stresses. Here, 19, 11, and 10 <i>CCD</i> genes were identified in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>, <i>Nicotiana tomentosiformis</i>, and <i>Nicotiana sylvestris,</i> respectively. For this family, we systematically analyzed phylogeny, gene structure, conserved motifs, gene duplications, <i>cis</i>-elements, subcellular and chromosomal localization, miRNA-target sites, expression patterns with different treatments, and molecular evolution. <i>CCD</i> genes were classified into two subfamilies and nine groups. Gene structures, motifs, and tertiary structures showed similarities within the same groups. Subcellular localization analysis predicted that <i>CCD</i> family genes are cytoplasmic and plastid-localized, which was confirmed experimentally. Evolutionary analysis showed that purifying selection dominated the evolution of these genes. Meanwhile, seven positive sites were identified on the ancestor branch of the tobacco CCD subfamily. <i>Cis</i>-regulatory elements of the <i>CCD</i> promoters were mainly involved in light-responsiveness, hormone treatment, and physiological stress. Different <i>CCD</i> family genes were predominantly expressed separately in roots, flowers, seeds, and leaves and exhibited divergent expression patterns with different hormones (ABA, MeJA, IAA, SA) and abiotic (drought, cold, heat) stresses. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the <i>NtCCD</i> gene family and a foundation for future functional characterization of individual genes.
Poverty assessment for Bangladesh : creating opportunities and bridging the East-West divide (2008)

Bangladesh has made good progress in reducing poverty over the past decade despite the series of external shocks which have routinely affected the country. Poverty fell from 49 percent in 2000 to 40 percent in 2005, propelled by respectable economic growth and relatively stable inequality. These statistics are reflected in tangible improvements in poor people's lives, such as a sharp reduction in those living under flimsy straw roofs in rural areas. Unfortunately, climatic shocks such as the 2007 floods and cyclone, as well as rising food prices, have slowed the country's progress in reducing poverty. Despite these setbacks we expect that Bangladesh will reach its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving the number of people living in extreme poverty by 2015. Poverty reduction is not just about improving household income, but also about enhancing human capability. Our optimism in Bangladesh's future is also based on its significant gains in human development over the past 15 years. Despite its recent progress in reducing poverty, Bangladesh remains a poor country with about 56 million poor people in 2005 and continuing disparities across occupational groups, gender, and regions. Although growing regional inequality is characteristic of many developing countries experiencing rapid economic growth, Bangladesh is somewhat unique in that the natural boundaries created by its rivers limit integration between economically unequal geographic areas. This report shows that higher productivity in agriculture, job creation in urban growth poles and promoting migration will be essential for further poverty reduction across Bangladesh. Sustaining this reduction will require maintaining the progress made thus far in slowing population growth, and providing better quality options in schooling and healthcare. Another urgent priority is to better coordinate the country's existing safety net system in order to expand effective programs in line with the needs of the poor.
Solution Deployment Descriptor (2008)

Chronic prostatitis typically occurs in aging men, and its symptoms include frequent and painful urination. In recent study, several studies have shown that Korean red ginseng (KRG) can be used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate whether KRG can play a role in repressing the development of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) in male Wistar rats. To induce CNP, rats were castrated and beta-estradiol (0.25 mg/kg) was subcutaneously (s.c.) injected daily. 7-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (the normal group, CNP group, positive group, and KRG group (0.25g/kg) and another KRG (0.50g/kg) group. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and their prostate and serum were analyzed. Compared to the positive group, the KRG groups (0.25g/kg and 0.50g/kg) showed similar protective properties on CNP based on the histopathologic morphology of the prostate and the inflammation cytokines in the prostate tissue. Also, results of the immunohistochemistry staining showed that expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2) were also decreased in KRG group (0.25g/kg) and KRG group (0.50g/kg). These results suggested that KRG inhibited the development of CNP and might a useful herbal treatment or functional food for CNP.
Structural Health Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey (2017)

Structural health monitoring (SHM) using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has gained research interest due to its ability to reduce the costs associated with the installation and maintenance of SHM systems. SHM systems have been used to monitor critical infrastructure such as bridges, high-rise buildings, and stadiums and has the potential to improve structure lifespan and improve public safety. The high data collection rate of WSNs for SHM pose unique network design challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of SHM using WSNs outlining the algorithms used in damage detection and localization, outlining network design challenges, and future research directions. Solutions to network design problems such as scalability, time synchronization, sensor placement, and data processing are compared and discussed. This survey also provides an overview of testbeds and real-world deployments of WSNs for SH.
Er-doped high-aspect-ratio core rectangular fiber producing 5 mJ, 13 ns pulses at 1572 nm (2012)

We have produced 5 mJ, 13 ns pulses using a very large-mode-area rectangular fiber containing a high-aspect-ratio core with dimensions of ~30 μm×580 μm. The rectangular fiber design retains a thin cladding dimension ~0.5 mm, which is compatible with a compact coiled package. We have developed a theoretical model that achieves good agreement with the experimental data. This model indicates that an optimized fiber design can be scaled to pulse energies of several tens of millijoules. We also discuss a strategy for maintaining good beam quality in both transverse dimensions of this fiber.
The Allergy Pricker (1982)

Skin prick test has advantages over other diagnostic tests in allergy, and attempts to increase the reproducibility are warranted. A standardised disposable precision needle with a needle point of 1.0 mm has recently become available. Based on 960 tests with histamine and grass pollen (Phleum pratense) the reproducibility of the skin prick weal area was calculated. Using histamine 10 mg/ml and grass pollen (1000 and 5000 PNU) a significantly lower coefficient of variation was found compared with a standard blood lancet with a point of 4 mm. The mean weal reaction is reduced to about 80% of the size obtained with the blood lancet. Testing with the precision needle resulted in a significantly reduced incidence of bleedings. The precision needle simplifies the skin test and does not require as much skill as other needles, and is recommended for both routine tests and the biological standardization of allergen extracts.
Tolerância de cana-de-açúcar a herbicidas avaliada pela diferença dos tratamentos (2012)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a tolerância dos cultivares RB855453, RB845257, SP90(-3)414, SP90(-1)638, SP89(-1)115, SP81(-3)250, IAC91-2218 e IAC91-5155 de cana-de-açúcar em pós-emergência inicial quanto à aplicação dos herbicidas sulfentrazone + diuron + hexazinone, metsulfuron-methyl + sulfentrazone, diuron + hexazinone + clomazone, metribuzin + diuron + hexazinone, diuron + hexazinone + MSMA e ametryn + trifloxysulfuronsodium + diuron + hexazinone, utilizando-se da diferença com a testemunha pareada, considerando a minimização da área experimental. O experimento foi conduzido assumindo que as testemunhas pareadas ao respectivo tratamento facilitam a avaliação da tolerância dos cultivares aos tratamentos herbicidas. A instalação do experimento foi em blocos casualizados, utilizando-se o esquema fatorial 8 (cultivares) x 6 (herbicidas). As parcelas foram constituídas por seis linhas de cana-de-açúcar, sendo uma linha central destinada ao tratamento herbicida (TH) e outra à testemunha pareada (TP); as demais linhas foram usadas como bordaduras. Para verificar se as diferenças médias (TP-TH) não diferem de zero, utilizouse a estatística t= (TP-TH)/((QMRes/n)1/2 ou, de forma equivalente, a diferença mínima significativa com zero, dms0(TP-TH)=|t/( (QMRes/n)1/2)|, em que QMRes é o quadrado médio da análise de variância (com 47 graus de liberdade e p<0,05, t=2) e n representa o número de repetições da respectiva média: 2 para comparações de herbicidas em um cultivar e 2 x 6 = 12 para comparações da média geral de cultivares. Pela metodologia proposta, os cultivares foram tolerantes às associações de herbicidas sem prejuízo final da produtividade e da qualidade da matéria-prima, embora ocorram diferenças iniciais entre cultivares quanto a sintomas de intoxicação, teor de clorofila e altura das plantas.
Guest editor's introduction: processor-based designs (2002)

Presents the guest editorial for this issue of the publication.
원저 : CD40와 종양괴사인자 수용체에 의한 B림프구 Fas항원 발현과 세포사멸 유도에 관한 연구 (2001)

Objective: CD40 and the TNFR belong to the NGF/TNFR supergene family. Ligation of CD40 on B cells induces activation signals leading to proliferation, Ig isotype class switching, germinal center formation but also induces Fas antigen expression. In addition, CD40 ligation induces pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and LT-α gene transcription by human B cell. TNF-α is a pleiotropic cytokine and also induces Fas antigen expression on various cells. Lately it has been known that TNF-α plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, or chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. However there have been occurrence of autoantibodies, or autoimmune disease such as lupus after use of anti TNF-α blocking agents. In this report, we tested the relationship and biological significance of CD40 ligation and TNFR signaling with respect to Fas antigen expression on human B cells. Methods: Ramos Burkitt`s lymphoma B cell was used as a prototype of germinal center B lymphocyte, and R2G6 cell was utilized as a model of activated germinal center B cell. CD40 Igation was performed by the coculture with CD40 ligand bearing L-293 cells, or anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, whereas control was obtained with CD-8-L-293 cells or control antibody. Expression of Fas antigen was determined with flow cytometer. Apoptosis assay was conducted by two ways. Alamar blue reduction assay after sIgM cross linking or anti-Fas anti-body, in the presence or absence of CD40 ligation or TNF-α In addition, DNA content assay was utilized to make sure the proportion of apoptotic Ramos B cells by various treatments. Results: 1) CD40 and TNF-α induced Fas antigen expression on Ramos B cell line cells and rendered them susceptible to Fas-mediated apoptosis. 2) CD40 and TNFR signaling upregulate Fas antigen independently. 3) Both TNFR and CD40 signaling rescue sIgM crosslink induced apoptosis of Ramos B cell line cells, only CD40, but not TNFR, signaling rescues Ramos cells from Fas-mediated apoptosis. Conclusion: Taken together, these results demonstrate that B cell signaling via two distinct members of the NGF/TNFR superfamily, CD40 and TNFR, independently engage the Fas pathway and provide mechanisms for eliminating B cells. Acting alone, both signals will ready B cells for Fas-mediated apoptosis. In concert with sIg signaling, the rescue effect provided uniquely by CD40 ligation assures the selective survival of only those B cells which have bound antigen and presented it to antigen-specific T(h) cells.
High-brightness diode lasers (2003)

The basic concepts and some modelling aspects of high-brightness semiconductor lasers are reviewed. The technology of lasers with a tapered gain-region is described. They provide the highest brightness of a semiconductor source with continuous wave emission in the visible and near infrared spectral range. Experimental results are presented for tapered lasers emitting at 735 nm and 808 nm. Output powers of 3 W were achieved in nearly diffraction limited beams.
«A río revuelto…» o la traducción del protocolo de un ensayo clínico y sus meandros (2008)

No deja de ser perturbador, por sus implicaciones prácticas y éticas, que un protocolo sin traducir haya llegado hasta la etapa de aprobación por el organismo de reglamentación nacional.a En particular preocupa que, al no haber ninguna reglamentación explícita que lo impida, este tipo de proceder siente precedente y se convierta en la norma siempre que se aduzca alguna justificación, lícita o no, para apresurar la aprobación de un protocolo.
Intermediate Level Adversarial Attack for Enhanced Transferability (2018)

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, malicious inputs crafted to fool trained models. Adversarial examples often exhibit black-box transfer, meaning that adversarial examples for one model can fool another model. However, adversarial examples may be overfit to exploit the particular architecture and feature representation of a source model, resulting in sub-optimal black-box transfer attacks to other target models. This leads us to introduce the Intermediate Level Attack (ILA), which attempts to fine-tune an existing adversarial example for greater black-box transferability by increasing its perturbation on a pre-specified layer of the source model. We show that our method can effectively achieve this goal and that we can decide a nearly-optimal layer of the source model to perturb without any knowledge of the target models.
The Natural Course of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms in a Japanese Cohort (2012)

This study showed that the natural course of unruptured cerebral aneurysms varies according to the size, location, and shape of the aneurysm. (Funded by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare in Japan and others; UCAS Japan UMIN-CTR number, C000000418.).
A combined handover scheme for LTE-advanced system (2012)

On the progress of researching for key technology and standard of LTE-Advanced, enhanced mobility control and Carrier Aggregation (CA) are kept to be researching points. Injection of CA brings new challenge to handover procedure for one thing, for another it could be used to support handover mechanism to overcome outage probability of user plane from handover of R10. In this paper we propose a handover scheme under CA mode called Combined Handover Scheme, which makes use of data supporting from Secondary Cell (SCell) during handover execution to overcome outage probability of handover in R10. We make supplement to handover procedure of R10 in order to accommodate the proposed scheme.
ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FORMATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN MOLTEN SALTS (1998)

Abstract This paper reports a molten salt electrolytic method for the economical production of carbon nanotubes/particles. The method converts a normal graphite cathode in a bath of molten LiCl, NaCl or KCl into carbon nanotubes and other nano-particles. The cathode erosion observed after electrolysis, together with cyclic voltammetry, indicates that the conversion must have resulted from the graphite intercalation of the alkali metal that is formed at the cathode during electrolysis. In addition, the electrolytic carbon nanotubes and particles are found to be partially filled with a graphite-non-wetting material that cannot result from the known capillary effect. Logic suggests that the filled material is the cathodically formed alkali metal and therefore argues strongly that the graphite intercalation of alkali metals plays an important role in the formation of the electrolytic carbon nanotubes. An intercalation mechanism for the graphite-nanotube conversion is proposed.