gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Evaluations Confirm Superior Benefits of MMLHC Fluid System on Hole Cleaning, Borehole Stability, and Rate of Penetration (1990)

ABSTRACT Over the last several years, the Dow Chemical Company and Westbridge Oilfield Products have been developing a novel drilling fluid system based on mixed metal layered hydroxide (MMLHC) chemistry. Among the significant advantages that these compounds provide is unparalleled solids suspension capabilities arising from a gel structure that breaks very easily and recovers rapidly. Conventional rheological models do not adequately describe the rheology of this system. Thus, a number of unconventional measurements, based on material science considerations have been utilized to develop a working rheological model from which effects of the fluid on drilling rate, bit usage, hole stability, and drilling fluid cost can be projected.
Phased array antenna for the mitigation of UAS interference (2018)

The growing demand for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) operating beyond the line of sight (BLOS) has resulted in an increased interest in using existing commercial satellite communication capabilities for UAS command and control (C2) communications. The World Radiocommunication Conference in 2015 designated portions of Ku-Band and Ka-Band fixed satellite service (FSS) spectrum to support UAS C2 communications, provided that potential interference with existing co-allocated users in these bands is addressed. As the user base in this new spectrum allocation expands, there is an increased potential for interference with existing terrestrial communication systems operating under fixed service (FS) allocations. The portion of Ka-Band spectrum allocated for UAS C2 avoids significant interference issues, but the Ku-Band allocation contains a co-primary F S allocation, creating potential interference problems. Therefore, UAS must identify solutions to avoid interfering with these existing FS ground sites while maintaining good links with satellite constellations. UAS operating with conventional fixed feed parabolic antennas will have difficulty in meeting interference thresholds, especially at high latitudes where the antennas will operate with low elevation angles. As a means of addressing this limitation, NASA is investigating the use of a phased array antenna to enable mitigation of interference into ground-based FS receivers. In this paper, a novel lightweight conformal phased array antenna will be presented that can use null-steering and/or beam shaping to avoid ground interference while simultaneously providing strong satellite microwave links for communications. The reduced weight of this design and ability to integrate into the fuselage of smaller UAS platforms will also be discussed as a potential solution to provide BLOS operation via spectrum sharing for an expanding user base. This paper will review design aspects of the conformal phased array antenna, describe the intended benefits in reducing interference with FS ground stations, and describe phased array development and test plans.
Different effects of multisensory integration on three attention networks (2021)

Multisensory integration affects attention in many ways. However, it is unclear whether multisensory integration has the same effect on the three attention networks: alerting, orienting and executive control network (EC). This study aims to evaluate the effect of multisensory integration on three networks efficiency of attention. We manipulated the Flanker targets accompanied with/without the auditory stimuli in the ANT (Attention Network Test) paradigm. And used 4 (cue: no cue, center cue, double cue, spatial cue) × 3 (Flanker type: neutral, congruent, incongruent) × 2 (target modality type: visual and audiovisual) three within subject factors. In Experiment 1, present a meaningless pure tone stimulus on the left and right sides while the target stimulus appeared. The results showed that the processing efficiency of the alerting and orienting networks was lower when the target stimulus was accompanied by sound than when the target stimulus was not accompanied by sound, but there was no significant difference in the processing efficiency of the executive control networks. Experiment 2 was a pure sound that presented on the left or right (the sound appears in the same direction as the middle arrow). The results found that when the target stimulus was accompanied by sound, the effects executive control network was lower, and there are no significant difference in the effects alerting and orienting network. Results from the two experiments suggested that multisensory integration had different effects on three attention networks, this might be related to the spatial location of auditory stimuli. The interaction between multisensory integration and attention networks was discussed.
Metabolic and Immune Effects of Dietary Arginine Supplementation After Burn (1987)

The effect of supplemental dietary arginine on metabolism and immunity was studied in 36 burned guinea pigs (30% of total body surface area) with previously placed catheter gastrostomies. The animals were randomized into four groups. After an initial three-day adaptation period, all groups received continuous isonitrogenous, isocaloric (175 kcal [735 kJ]/kg/d), and isovolemic intragastric tube feedings until postburn day (PBD) 14. Groups A, B, C, and D received 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4%, respectively, of total energy intake as arginine given in the form of crystalline arginine hydrochloride with 22%, 21%, 20%, and 18%, respectively, of total energy as whey protein. The average body weight after burn decreased equally in all groups. Resting metabolic expenditure on PBD 6 was higher in groups B (151% +/- 6% of preburn) and C (156% +/- 7%) than in groups A (131% +/- 4%) and D (136% +/- 3%). Ear-thickness response to dinitrofluorobenzene challenge on PBD 12 showed the best response in group C. The mortality rates of groups A, B, C, and D were 56%, 29%, 22%, and 56%, respectively. This study suggests that oral dietary arginine supplementation up to 2% of energy intake may be beneficial after burn injury.
Scattering from an elliptic cylinder loaded with an active or passive continuously variable surface impedance (1974)

Recently it has been shown that a plane wave reflected from an active surface may be amplified [1]. The active surface was theoretically assumed to be a corrugated planar structure with slots properly loaded with negative conductance material (e.g., Gunn, tunnel, or IMPATT diodes). If the corrugations are sufficiently close, such surfaces, whether active or passive, can be modeled in terms of an equivalent surface impedance. From the boundary-value point of view this makes the problem amenable to easy computation. In this communication, an example is discussed where a plane electromagnetic wave scatters from an elliptic cylinder loaded by a continuously variable surface impedance. For negative surface conductance, significant amplification of the backscattered field is obtained. Results are also shown for passive surface impedances.
Regional T2 and Sodium Concentration Estimates in the Normal Human Brain by Sodium-23 MR Imaging at 1.5 T (1989)

We have analyzed multiple spin echo Na magnetic resonance (MR) images of the normal human brain in four volunteer subjects. Utilizing the much slower T2 decay of the CSF, we obtained images that separate cortex from the surrounding CSF and measured regional T2 of cortex, white matter, CSF, vitreous humor, and superior sagittal sinus. Assuming a sodium concentration of 145 mM in the vitreous humor, we normalized the extrapolated equilibrium magnetization (M0) for each region to the M0 of the vitreous humor to estimate regional sodium concentration. We found that regional T2 measurements more consistently distinguish the high signal regions of cortex, CSF, and blood than do our regional sodium estimates, whereas regional sodium estimates adequately distinguish white matter from cortex. The T2 values of white matter and cortex, on the other hand, are nearly identical. Our work addresses the problems encountered in establishing norms for clinical application of Na MR and represents a step toward establishing those norms.
Gain slope compensator for spectrally linear optical power equalization (2003)

We present a micromechanical optical interference device that produces changes in the slope (in dB) of its transmitted spectrum via a single voltage control, without changes in attenuation level, a Spectrally Linear Optical Power Equalizer, or SLOPE device. Simple linear power equalization is sometimes all that is required in optical networks, especially in optical amplifiers, and this device can perform this function inexpensively and with easier control than multi-element equalizers. The device element is a vertically moving membrane similar to the MARS modulator. The reflectivity of the element is varied by the adjustment of the air gap via a bias applied to the element's electrode. The element can be thought of as a thin-film optical stack where one of the films (the air gap) is variable. Its reflectivity is transmitted via a dual fiber ferrule arrangement, in which the light comes into the device in one fiber, is reflected off the device and focused onto the outgoing fiber.
Development of A New Cutting Fluid Supply System for Near Dry Machining Process (2008)

Large amount of cutting oil consumption is one of the issues for environment. The Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) technique has been applied to the near-dry cutting process. However, MQL technique generates oil mist which is harmful to the working environment and the health of factory workers. In this study, a new lubrication system called Direct Oil Shot Lubrication System (DOS) was developed and applied to milling processes. The performances of DOS technique was evaluated by measuring the floating oil mist and carrying out the cutting tests. The amount of floating oil mist of DOS system was considerably reduced compared to the MQL. The behavior of small oil drops supplied from DOS nozzle to cutting edge was analyzed by means of a high speed video observation, and the optimum setting for DOS was obtained. The experimental result shows developed DOS system realized the smaller density of oil mist floating than the MQL technique while the DOS attained the almost same lubrication effect in milling process as the MQL technique.
Adaptive Mobile Robot Navigation and Mapping (1999)

The task of building a map of an unknown environment and concurrently using that map to navigate is a central problem in mobile robotics research. This paper addresses the problem of how to perform concurrent mapping and localization (CML) adaptively using sonar. Stochastic mapping is a feature-based approach to CML that generalizes the extended Kalman filter to incorporate vehicle localization and environmental mapping. The authors describe an implementation of stochastic mapping that uses a delayed nearest neighbor data association strategy to initialize new features into the map, match measurements to map features, and delete out-of-date features. The authors introduce a metric for adaptive sensing that is defined in terms of Fisher information and represents the sum of the areas of the error ellipses of the vehicle and feature estimates in the map. Predicted sensor readings and expected dead-reckoning errors are used to estimate the metric for each potential action of the robot, and the action that yields the lowest cost (i.e., the maximum information) is selected. This technique is demonstrated via simulations, in-air sonar experiments, and underwater sonar experiments. Results are shown for (1) adaptive control of motion and (2) adaptive control of motion and scanning. The vehicle tends to explore selectively different objects in the environment. The performance of this adaptive algorithm is shown to be superior to straight-line motion and random motion.
An Empirical Research on Creativity Factors - Focusing on Seoul Fire Stations - (2012)

본 연구는 소방조직에서의 창의성 촉진 요인을 탐색하여 조직 창의성의 증진방법을 모색하고 있다. 기후변화 등과 더불어 시민의 소방서비스의 욕구증대로 인하여 소방서에 대한 기대가 점증하여 전통적인 화재 구조 구급 업무수행뿐 아니라 환경변화에 조응하는 적절한 방식의 변화를 통하여 정당성과 영속성을 확보하여야 한다. 이러한 관점에서, 창의성이라는 주제는 소방서의 영속성을 담보하는 주요한 변수이다. 본 연구에서는 총 5개의 가설을 설정하여 비전, 폐기학습 및 긍정적 피드백과 같은 변수들이 실제로 조직 창의성을 고양할 수 있는지를 검증하였다. 서울시 소방공무원 155명을 대상으로 실시한 설문결과를 통계적으로 검증하여 위의 언급한 변수들이 조직 창의성과 관련이 있음을 밝혀내었다. 이러한 검증결과에 따라, 창의성 촉성을 위한 몇 가지 정책적 함의를 도출하였다. This research focuses on finding the way of improving creativity in fire stations by scrutinizing the factors influencing and enhancing creativity in organizations. As environmental changes including the needs of citizens as well as the climate change are moving culminated today, fire stations should be changed appropriately to get the legitimacy of existence not to mention their own mission accomplishments. In this respect, the creativity can be expected as the main factor for fire stations' going concern. This research provided 5 hypotheses to find whether the chosen factors such as vision, learning/unlearning and positive feedback affect the creativity in fire stations. To prove hypotheses are valid, we employed survey as a method in which 155 firemen in Seoul responded, ending up with getting the result that the vision formulation and sharing, unlearning activities and positive feedback improve organizational creativity. In conclusion, this paper suggests that fire stations establish useful policies for the creativity based on these research findings.
Glare suppression by coherence gated negation (2016)

Imaging of a weak target hidden behind a scattering medium can be significantly confounded by glare. We report a method, termed coherence gated negation (CGN), that uses destructive optical interference to suppress glare and allow improved imaging of a weak target. As a demonstration, we show that by permuting through a set range of amplitude and phase values for a reference beam interfering with the optical field from the glare and target reflection, we can suppress glare by an order of magnitude, even when the optical wavefront is highly disordered. This strategy significantly departs from conventional coherence gating methods in that CGN actively "gates out" the unwanted optical contributions while conventional methods "gate in" the target optical signal. We further show that the CGN method can outperform conventional coherence gating image quality in certain scenarios by more effectively rejecting unwanted optical contributions.
A Review and Perspective on Control Charting with Image Data (2011)

Machine-vision systems are increasingly being used in industrial applications due to their ability to provide not only dimensional information but also information on product geometry, surface defects, surface finish, and other product and process characteristics. There are a number of applications of control charts for these high-dimensional image data to detect changes in process performance and to increase process efficiency. We review the control charts that have been proposed for use with image data in industry and in some medical-device applications and discuss their advantages and disadvantages in some cases. In addition, we highlight some application opportunities available in the use of control charts with image data and provide some advice to practitioners.
A novel pyruvate kinase (PK-S) from boar spermatozoa is localized at the fibrous sheath and the acrosome (2007)

Boar spermatozoa contain a novel pyruvate kinase (PK-S) that is tightly bound at the acrosome of the sperm head and at the fibrous sheath in the principal piece of the flagellum, while the midpiece contains a soluble pyruvate kinase (PK). PK-S could not be solubilized by detergents, but by trypsin with no loss of activity. Purified PK-S as well as PK-S still bound to cell structures and soluble sperm PK have all kinetics similar to those of rabbit muscle PK-M1. The PK-S subunit had a relative molecular mass of 64 +/- 1 x 10(3) (n = 3), i.e. slightly higher than that of PK-M1, and carried an N-terminal extension (NH(2)-TSEAM-COOH) that is lacking in native PK-M1. Evidence is provided that PK-S is encoded by the PKM gene. Antibodies produced against the N-terminus of purified PK-S (NH(2)-TSEAMPKAHMDAG-COOH) were specific for PK-S as they did not react with somatic PKs or soluble sperm PK, while anti-PK-M1 recognized both sperm PKs. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed anti-PK-S to label the acrosome and the flagellar principal piece, whereas the midpiece containing the mitochondria was labelled only by anti-PK-M1. Immunogold labelling confirmed the localization of PK-S at the acrosome. In the principal piece, both polyclonal anti-PK-M1 and anti-PK-S were found at the fibrous sheath. Our results suggest that PK-S is a major component in the structural organization of glycolysis in boar spermatozoa.
The Type I IFN Response to Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Requires ESX-1-Mediated Secretion and Contributes to Pathogenesis (2007)

The ESX-1 secretion system is a major determinant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence, although the pathogenic mechanisms resulting from ESX-1-mediated transport remain unclear. By global transcriptional profiling of tissues from mice infected with either wild-type or ESX-1 mutant bacilli, we found that host genes controlled by ESX-1 in vivo are predominantly IFN regulated. ESX-1-mediated secretion is required for the production of host type I IFNs during infection in vivo and in macrophages in vitro. The macrophage signaling pathway leading to the production of type I IFN required the host kinase TANK-binding kinase 1 and occurs independently of TLR signaling. Importantly, the induction of type I IFNs during M. tuberculosis infection is a pathogenic mechanism as mice lacking the type I IFNR were more restrictive for bacterial growth in the spleen than wild-type mice, although growth in the lung was unaffected. We propose that the ESX-1 secretion system secretes effectors into the cytosol of infected macrophages, thereby triggering the type I IFN response for the manipulation of host immunity.
Direct evidence for ligand-induced internalization of the yeast alpha-factor pheromone receptor. (1994)

When Saccharomyces cerevisiae a cells bind alpha-factor pheromone, the ligand is internalized and its binding sites are lost from the cell surface in a time-, energy-, and temperature-dependent manner. This report presents direct evidence for alpha-factor-induced internalization of cell surface receptors. First, membrane fractionation on Renografin density gradients indicated that the alpha-factor receptors were predominantly found in the plasma membrane peak before alpha-factor treatment and then appeared in membranes of lesser buoyant density after alpha-factor exposure. Second, receptors were susceptible to cleavage by extracellular proteases before alpha-factor treatment and then became resistant to proteolysis after exposure to pheromone, consistent with the transit of receptors from the cell surface to an internal compartment. The median transit time in both assays was approximately 8 min. The ultimate target of the internalized receptors was identified as the vacuole, since the membranes containing internalized receptors cofractionated with vacuolar membranes, since the turnover of receptors was stimulated by alpha-factor exposure, and since receptor degradation was blocked in a pep4 mutant that is deficient for vacuolar proteases. The carboxy-terminal domain of the receptor that is required for ligand internalization was also found to be essential for endocytosis of the receptor. A receptor mutant, ste2-L236H, which is defective for pheromone response but capable of ligand internalization, was found to be proficient for receptor endocytosis. Hence, separate structural features of the receptor appear to specify its signal transduction and internalization activities.
Non Linear Image Enhancement In The Space Scale Domain (2000)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Immunological aspects of juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis) (1974)

Cell‐mediated and humoral immunological investigations were carried out in 34 patients with advanced destructive periodontal disease. In 23 of these patients, 14 to 21 years old, juvenile periodontitis was diagnosed by clinical and radiological criteria. Stimulation of lymphocyte transformation by autologous plaque, Veillonella alcalescens, Fusobacterium fusiforme and Bacteroides melaninogenicus was impaired, the response to Actinomyces viscosus was intact, but those to unrelated antigens, such as purified protein derivative (PPD) or Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), were enhanced. However, lymphocytes stimulated by these antigens relased a factor causing macrophage migration inhibition in up to 65 % of patients. Substititution of autologous serum by homologous or fetal calf serum did not increase lymphocyte transformation, but was associated with conversion of the negative to positive macrophage migration inhibition activity, so that the latter was found in 80 % to 100 % of patients. Serum IgM, IgG and IgA concentrations were significantly increased and the haemagglutinating titres to related bacteria were higher than those found in controls. Comparable cell‐mediated and humoral immune responses were found in 11 patients, 22 to 29 years old, whose clinical and radiological features were similar to those in patients with juvenile periodontitis; the disease in these patients can be referred to as ‘post‐juvenile periodontitis’. The results suggest that in juvenile periodontitis a selective impairment of antigen induced DNA synthesis of lymphocytes to plaque and some Gramnegative organisms, is associated with release of macrophage migration inhibition factor.
Supercritical fluid processing of fish oils: Extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (1989)

Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls can be extracted from fish oils with supercritical carbon dioxide at quite modest temperature and pressure with little yield loss of the fish oils. The distribution coefficient, viz, the ratio of the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls in the carbon dioxide and fish oil phases, respectively, was measured to be about 0.01 (wt basis). The selectivity of carbon dioxide for polychlorinated biphenyls was found to be very high, about 13 at a concentration of about 10 ppm.
Triacylglycerol structure and interesterification of palmitic and stearic acid-rich fats: an overview and implications for cardiovascular disease (2009)

The position of fatty acids in the TAG molecule (sn-1, sn-2 and sn-3) determines the physical properties of the fat, which affects its absorption, metabolism and distribution into tissues, which may have implications for the risk of CHD. The TAG structure of fats can be manipulated by the process of interesterification, which is of increasing commercial importance, as it can be used to change the physical characteristics of a fat without the generation of trans-fatty acids. Interesterified fats rich in long-chain SFA are commercially important, but few studies have investigated their health effects. Evidence from animal and human infant studies suggests that TAG structure and interesterification affect digestibility, atherogenicity and fasting lipid levels, with fats containing palmitic and stearic acid in the sn-2 position being better digested and considered to be more atherogenic. However, chronic studies in human adults suggest that TAG structure has no effect on digestibility or fasting lipids. The postprandial effects of fats with differing TAG structure are better characterised but the evidence is inconclusive; it is probable that differences in the physical characteristics of fats resulting from interesterification and changes in TAG structure are key determinants of the level of postprandial lipaemia, rather than the position of fatty acids in the TAG. The present review gives an overview of TAG structure and interesterified palmitic and stearic acid-rich fats, their physical properties and their acute and chronic effects in human adults in relation to CHD.