gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal distortion caused by tree foliage in a 2.5 GHz channel (2004)

Fixed terrestrial broadband wireless systems work very well when a clear line-of-sight is available. In near line-of-sight transmission where a few foliated trees block the line-of-sight, the signal can experience large and rapid fading. This paper investigates the time-variant nature of the frequency response of a 6 MHz wireless channel obstructed by a few fully foliated trees. Measurements were taken on fixed wireless paths with trees in the vicinity of the receive antenna, and under different weather conditions. It was found that signal fading is a function of the foliage density, the amount of wind, the multipath in the channel, and whether the leaves are wet or dry. The fades were largely flat across the band but with some frequency selective fading. Fading rates of 0.5 to 2 fades/s were measured, and occasionally the slope reached 50 dB/s.
Using Voice Transformations to Create Additional Training Talkers for Word Spotting (1994)

Speech recognizers provide good performance for most users but the error rate often increases dramatically for a small percentage of talkers who are &quot;different &quot; from those talkers used for training. One expensive solution to this problem is to gather more training data in an attempt to sample these outlier users. A second solution, explored in this paper, is to artificially enlarge the number of training talkers by transforming the speech of existing training talkers. This approach is similar to enlarging the training set for OCR digit recognition by warping the training digit images, but is more difficult because continuous speech has a much larger number of dimensions (e.g. linguistic, phonetic, style, temporal, spectral) that differ across talkers. We explored the use of simple linear spectral warping to enlarge a 48-talker training data base used for word spotting. The average detection rate overall was increased by 2.9 percentage points (from 68.3 % to 71.2%) for male speakers and 2.5 percentage points (from 64.8 % to 67.3%) for female speakers. This increase is small but similar to that obtained by doubling the amount of training data. 1
Tracking the Galileo spacecraft with the DSCC Galileo Telemetry prototype (1994)

On day of the year 062, 1994, a prototype of the Deep Space Communications Complex Galileo Telemetry subsystem successfully tracked and processed signals from the Galileo spacecraft, under fully suppressed-carrier modulation. The demonstration took place at Goldstone, employing the 70-m antenna and the 34-m high-efficiency antenna. This article presents the findings from that demonstration. Specific issues are the system performance in terms of signal-to-noise (SNR) degradation and the arraying gain. Validation of the test results is via symbol-error-rate measurement and the standard symbol SNR. The analysis is also extended to include characterization of the signal received from Galileo.
Regulation of voltage dependence of the KAT1 channel by intracellular factors. (1995)

The KAT1 channel is a hyperpolarization-activated K+ channel cloned from the higher plant Arabidopsis. The deduced amino acid sequence suggests that its structural organization is similar to that of the Shaker-like K+ channel activated by depolarization. Electrophysiological properties of the KAT1 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes indicate that voltage-dependent activation of the KAT1 channel is not caused by the divalent ion block and that it is intrinsic to the channel. Activity of the KAT1 channel progressively decreases upon patch excision. This rundown of the channel is accompanied by a large shift in the voltage dependence of the channel to a more negative direction. The voltage dependence is also regulated by pH, ATP, and cGMP.
ROLE OF LINOLEIC ACID IN INFANT NUTRITION (1963)

Four hundred and twenty-eight infants over a 4-year period were studied for approximately 4,000 patient-months of observation while receiving five different milk mixtures varying in linoleic acid content from less than 0.1 to 7.3% of the calories. It was found that linoleic acid is a required nutrient for the young human infant. The following pertinent observations were made. (1) Evidences of linoleic acid deficiency developed in young infants who received either a diet practically devoid of fat or one providing 42% of the calories as fat but extremely low in linoleic acid (less than 0.1% of the calories). (2) Manifestations of the deficiency state disappeared promptly when linoleic acid was given as the ester or triglyceride or in a milk mixture providing 1% or more of the calories as linoleic acid. (3) The most characteristic feature of the deficiency state was dryness of the skin with desquamation, thickening and later intertrigo. (4) The incidence of bacterial skin infections was the same in the different groups. It was noted that young infants receiving diets very low in linoleic acid seemed to react severely when outbreaks of staphylococcal infection developed in the hospital environment. (5) Records for rate of growth showed unsatisfactory progress for many of the infants on low linoleic acid intakes, whereas the course of events was satisfactory in almost all of the infants who received 1.3 to 7.3% of the calories as linoleic acid. (6) Blood serum levels for dienoic acid of 5.6 ± 1.8% of the total fatty acids were indicative of the deficiency state, whereas values of 12.9 ± 2.6% of the total fatty acids represented the minimal normal. (7) Histologic alterations in the skin of infants on diets low in linoleic acid showed the same characteristics as seen in experimental animals. (8) Infants given milk mixtures extremely low in linoleic acid had a gradual amelioration of fat deficiency manifestations as well as increasing levels of dienoic acid in the blood serum following the introduction of cereals to their diet.
Using a cell phone for biotelemetry (2005)

A cell phone can be used to transmit data for biological monitoring and diagnosis, in addition to its usual functions, without requiring modification. This paper discusses the benefits, obstacles, and methods of using cell phones to transmit biological waveforms to increase the mobility of patient monitoring and facilitate critical care before the patient even boards the ambulance.
Letter to the Editor—An Algorithm for Ranking all the Assignments in Order of Increasing Cost (1968)

The Hungarian method gives an efficient algorithm for finding the minimal cost assignment. However, in some cases it may be useful to determine the second minimal assignment (i.e., the best assignment after excluding the minimal cost assignment) and in general the kth minimal assignment for k = 1, 2, …. These things can easily be determined if all the assignments can be arranged as a sequence in increasing order of cost. This paper describes an efficient algorithm for such a ranking of all the assignments. The maximum computational effort required to generate an additional assignment in the sequence is that of solving at most (n − 1) different assignment problems, one each of sizes 2, 3, …, n.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Instructions to authors. (2003)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Protects Against In Vivo Arterial Thrombosis by Augmenting Platelet-Derived Nitric Oxide Release in Rats (2005)

Acute coronary syndromes are caused by platelet-mediated thrombosis following rupture of a plaque. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce the incidence of events early after acute coronary syndromes, which are independent of its cholesterol-lowering effect. Accordingly, we investigated whether statins inhibit platelet-mediated arterial thrombus formation in vivo and, if so, the underlying mechanisms. Rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was treated with the vehicle, whereas groups 2, 3, and 4 were treated with cerivastatin for 7 days (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg i.p., respectively). Cerivatatin did not change serum cholesterol levels. Carotid arterial thrombosis was created by perivascular FeCl3 delivery. Cerivastatin significantly prolonged the time to thrombotic occlusion of carotid artery. Cerivastatin significantly dose-dependently inhibited both ex vivo platelet P-selectin expression, a marker of platelet activation, and platelet aggregation. Cerivastatin significantly augmented platelet-derived nitric oxide (NO) release, and up-regulated platelet and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA expressions. N-nitro-L-arginine methylester abolished the effects of cerivastatin. This study demonstrates that in vivo administration of statin protects against platelet-mediated arterial thrombosis, possibly by augmenting platelet- and endothelium-derived NO releases via up-regulation of platelet and endothelial NOS.
A Monocular Collision Warning System (2005)

A system for the detection of independently moving objects by a moving observer by means of investigating optical flow fields is presented. The usability of the algorithm is shown by a collision detection application. Since the measurement of optical flow is a computationally expensive operation, it is necessary to restrict the number of flow measurements. The first part of the paper describes the usage of a particle filter for the determination of positions where optical flow is calculated. This approach results in a fixed number of optical flow calculations leading to a robust real time detection of independently moving objects on standard consumer PCs. The detection method for independent motion relies on knowledge about the camera motion. Even though inertial sensors provide information about the camera motion, the sensor data does not always satisfy the requirements of the proposed detection method. The second part of this paper therefore deals with the enhancement of the camera motion using image information. The third part of this work specifies the final decision module of the algorithm. It derives a decision (whether to issue a warning or not) from the sparse detection information.
Pilot batch production of specific‐structured lipids by lipase‐catalyzed interesterification: Preliminary study on incorporation and acyl migration (1998)

Abstract Effects of water content, reaction time, and their relationships in the production of two types of specific‐structured lipids ( sn ‐MLM‐ and sn ‐LML‐types: L‐long chain fatty acids; M‐medium chain fatty acids) by lipase‐catalyzed interesterification in a solvent‐free system were studied. The biocatalyst used was Lipozyme IM (commercial immobilized lipase). The substrates used for sn ‐MLM‐type were fish oil and capric acid, and medium chain triacylglycerols and sunflower free fatty acids for sn ‐LML‐type. The observed incorporation with the time course agrees well with the Michaelis‐Menten equation, while the acyl migration is proportional to time within the range of 20 mol% acyl migration (MLM‐type: M f =0.2225 T , R 2 =0.98; LML‐type: M f =0.5618 T , R 2 =0.99). As water content (wt%, on the enzyme basis) increased from 3.0 to 11.6% for MLM‐type and from 3.0 to 7.2% for LML‐type in the solvent‐free systems, the incorporation rates in the first 5 h increased from 3.34 to 10.30%/h, and from 7.29 to 11.12%/h, respectively. However, the acyl migration rates also increased from 0.22 to 1.12%/h and from 0.56 to 1.37%/h, respectively. Different effects in the production of two totally position‐opposed lipids can be observed. Presumably these are caused by the different chain length of the fatty acids. The relationships between reaction time and water content are inverse and give a quantitative prediction of incorporation and acyl migration in selected reaction conditions and vice versa. The acyl migration can not be totally avoided in present systems, but can be reduced to a relatively low level. Acyl migration during the downstream processing has also been observed and other factors influencing the acyl migration are briefly discussed.
WiMAX physical layer: Specifications overview and performance evaluation (2011)

The WiMAX technology has drawn enormous attentions from wireless communication industry in recent years. Its sophisticated physical layer (PHY) adopts such techniques as multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which are fundamentally different techniques from the previous 3G mobile system. To help the readers gain the knowledge of some key components of the WiMAX PHY before referring the lengthy standard documentation, we provide a brief overview of the physical layer of the WiMAX standard IEEE 802.16-2009. A simulation system with LDPC coded MIMO-OFDM is also established to evaluate the performance of the WiMAX transceiver. Simulations show that the iterative receiver structure can achieve good performance.
Using naive bayes to detect spammy names in social networks (2013)

Many social networks are predicated on the assumption that a member's online information reflects his or her real identity. In such networks, members who fill their name fields with fictitious identities, company names, phone numbers, or just gibberish are violating the terms of service, polluting search results, and degrading the value of the site to real members. Finding and removing these accounts on the basis of their spammy names can both improve the site experience for real members and prevent further abusive activity.
Time‐Reversal Acoustics and Superresolution (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Theory of Time-Reversal Acoustics Application of TR to Medical Ultrasound Imaging Application of Time-Reversal Acoustics to Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing Application of TRA to Landmine or Buried Object Detection Application of Time-Reversal Acoustics to Underwater Acoustics References
Modeling birthweight and gestational age distributions: Additive vs. multiplicative processes (2002)

Researchers have traditionally employed Gaussian distributions to model quantitative biological traits. Recently, mixtures of Gaussian distributions have begun to be used as well. However, there are many alternatives to the Gaussian distribution. From a theoretical perspective, the lognormal distribution is as applicable as the Gaussian (both are justified on the basis of the Central Limit Theorem). Here, the utility of mixtures of Gaussians and lognormals for describing birthweight and gestational age distributions are compared. This is carried out within the context of the hybrid-lognormal distribution, in which the Gaussian and lognormal are special cases. The data consists of African American births (1985-1988) and European American births (1988) in the state of New York. The results suggest that of the conventional distributions, a mixture of two Gaussians generally provides the best fit to birthweight and gestational age. However, in the case of birthweight a two-component hybrid-lognormal fits better than any of the simpler models. This may be due to a feature of the hybrid-lognormal distribution that can be interpreted as maternal constraints on fetal development.
Mechanically Triggered Release of Functionally Diverse Molecular Payloads from Masked 2-Furylcarbinol Derivatives (2021)

Polymers that release functional small molecules in response to mechanical force are appealing targets for drug delivery, sensing, catalysis, and many other applications. Mechanically sensitive molecules called mechanophores are uniquely suited to enable molecular release with excellent selectivity and control, but mechanophore designs capable of releasing cargo with diverse chemical functionality are limited. Here, we describe a general and highly modular mechanophore platform based on masked 2-furylcarbinol derivatives that spontaneously decompose under mild conditions upon liberation via a mechanically triggered reaction, resulting in the release of a covalently installed molecular payload. We identify key structure–property relationships for the reactivity of 2-furylcarbinol derivatives that enable the mechanically triggered release of functionally diverse molecular cargo with release kinetics being tunable over several orders of magnitude. In particular, the incorporation of an electron-donating phenoxy group on the furan ring in combination with an α-methyl substituent dramatically lowers the activation barrier for fragmentation, providing a highly active substrate for molecular release. Moreover, we find that phenoxy substitution enhances the thermal stability of the mechanophore without adversely affecting its mechanochemical reactivity. The generality and efficacy of this molecular design platform are demonstrated using ultrasound-induced mechanical force to trigger the efficient release of a broad scope of cargo molecules, including those bearing alcohol, phenol, alkylamine, arylamine, carboxylic acid, and sulfonic acid functional groups.
High Molecular Weight DNA Extraction from Recalcitrant Plant Species for Third Generation Sequencing v1 (2018)

Single molecule sequencing requires optimized sample and library preparation protocols to obtain long-read lengths and high sequencing yields. Numerous protocols exist for the extraction of DNA from plant species, but the genomic DNA from these extractions is either too low yield, of insufficient purity for sensitive sequencing platforms, e.g. nanopore sequencing, too fragmented to achieve long reads, or otherwise unattainable from recalcitrant adult tissue. This renders many plant sequencing projects cost prohibitive or methodologically intractable. Existing protocols are also labor intensive, taking days to complete. Our protocol described here yields micrograms of high molecular weight gDNA from a single gram of adult or seedling leaf tissue in only a few hours, and produces high quality sequencing libraries for the Oxford Nanopore system, with typical yields ranging from 3-10 Gb per R9.4.1 flowcell and producing reads averaging 5-8 kb, with read length N50s ranging from 6-30 kb depending on the style of library preparation (details in sequencing outcomes section), and maximum lengths extending up to 200 kb+. Editor note, 18 June 2018: Step 12 of the procedure has been updated. The original version of the protocol can be found "here":http://www.nature.com/protocolexchange/system/uploads/6879/original/HighMolecularWeightDNAExtractionfromRecalcitrantPlantSpeciesforThirdGenerationSequencing-Version1-ProtocolExchange.pdf?1529318652
Ranunculin: the precursor of the vesicant substance of the buttercup (1951)

Research Article| August 01 1951 Ranunculin: the precursor of the vesicant substance of the buttercup R. Hill; R. Hill 1Biochemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Ruth Van Heyningen Ruth Van Heyningen 1Biochemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1951) 49 (3): 332–335. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0490332 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. Hill, Ruth Van Heyningen; Ranunculin: the precursor of the vesicant substance of the buttercup. Biochem J 1 August 1951; 49 (3): 332–335. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0490332 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1951 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1951 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Pyrolytic carbon-coated Dacron grafts. (1978)

A new pyrolytic carbon surface (ULTI) was tested on a loosely knitted dacron substrate in dogs. Patency was 97.5% as compared with a control of 33%. Physical properties of the dacron were not altered by the ULTI carbon deposition process. This modified pyrolytic carbon on a dacron substrate is a very promising vascular biomaterial for small vessel replacement.
Superconducting and Structural Properties of the New Ba<sub>1-x</sub>Ln<sub>x</sub>CuO<sub>3-y</sub> Compound System (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Yb) (1987)

The Ba 1- x Ln x CuO 3- y compounds (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Yb) with x =0.34 and (Ln=Nd, Sm and Eu) with x =0.2, 0.4 and 0.5 were prepared. A superconducting transition between 75 and 93 K was observed magnetically in the compounds (Ln=Nd, Sm, Eu, Ho and Er) with x =0.34. X-ray studies showed that most compounds with high T c have the oxygen-defect perovskite structure.
AFMoC Enhances Predictivity of 3D QSAR:  A Case Study with DOXP-reductoisomerase (2005)

We present structure-activity relationships for 43 inhibitors of 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate (DOXP)-reductoisomerase, derived from protein-based docking, ligand-based 3D QSAR, and a combination of both approaches as realized by AFMoC (adaptation of fields for molecular comparison). DOXP-reductoisomerase (DXR) is a key enzyme of the non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid building blocks. This target has been characterized as having potential in the treatment of malaria with fosmidomycin, an established DXR inhibitor, presently in clinical trials. As part of an effort to optimize the properties of fosmidomycin, analogues have been synthesized and tested to gain further insights into the primary determinants of structural affinity. These data have been used to create a predictive model for DXR inhibition applying data taken from several DXR X-ray structures. These structures still leave the active fosmidomycin conformation and detailed reaction mechanism undetermined. This together with the small inhibitor data set provides a major challenge for presently available docking programs and 3D QSAR tools. To overcome these difficulties we have applied the AFMoC protocol. AFMoC makes more efficient use of available modeling data by tailoring DrugScore knowledge-based potentials specifically toward a given protein using inhibitor potency data. While 3D QSAR methods achieved valid models which lack predictivity, AFMoC was found to provide superior performance, based both on cross-validation runs as well as for inhibitors not considered in the training set. In particular, AFMoC's ability to gradually transform between generally applicable unadapted interaction fields to case specifically adapted ones proved to be of major importance. Using 50% tailored fields was found to permit the precise prediction of binding affinities for related ligands without losing the capability to estimate the affinities of structurally distinct inhibitors.
Preparation of Hollow Ceramic Fibers (1988)

A process has been developed that allows the preparation of a wide range of fine, hollow ceramic fibers. In an example of this process, activated carbon fibers were saturated with an aqueous solution of a metal salt. The fibers were dried, calcined to remove the carbon, and sintered to consolidate the metal oxide into a hollow fiber. The fibers have an outer diameter of 2 to 4 {mu}m and an aspect ratio of >100:1. Examples of fibers prepared include TiO{sub 2}, BaTiO{sub 3}, ZrO{sub 2}, CaO-ZrO{sub 2}, and Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2}.