gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plants have isoforms for acyl carrier protein that are expressed differently in different tissues. (1985)

Two closely related isoforms of acyl carrier protein (I and II) have been purified from spinach leaves. Differences in the N-terminal amino acid sequence and amino acid composition indicate that these proteins are coded by different genes. The two spinach leaf isoforms have been resolved and characterized by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, by thin layer isoelectric focusing, and by differences in mobility upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both isoforms are effectively bound by antibodies raised to acyl carrier protein I. However, in competition experiments isoform II is only about 40% effective in blocking isoform I binding to antibody. Therefore, the isoforms are immunologically related but hold only some antigenic sites in common. Immunoblot analysis ("Western blotting") of crude spinach leaf tissue extracts probed with antibody to acyl carrier protein I reveals both isoforms. In addition, both forms of acyl carrier protein are present in dark-grown leaf tissue and in isolated chloroplasts. However, in spinach seeds and roots only acyl carrier protein II can be detected. Similar results are observed with extracts of castor oil plant leaf and seed. Therefore, the expression of the two acyl carrier protein isoforms is tissue specific.
An open-source natural language generator for OWL ontologies and its use in Protégé and Second Life (2009)

We demonstrate an open-source natural language generation engine that produces descriptions of entities and classes in English and Greek from OWL ontologies that have been annotated with linguistic and user modeling information expressed in RDF. We also demonstrate an accompanying plug-in for the Protégé ontology editor, which can be used to create the ontology's annotations and generate previews of the resulting texts by invoking the generation engine. The engine has been embedded in robots acting as museum tour guides in the physical world and in Second Life; here we demonstrate the latter application.
Advancement in Vaccination Against Newcastle Disease: Recombinant HVT NDV Provides High Clinical Protection and Reduces Challenge Virus Shedding with the Absence of Vaccine Reactions (2012)

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease of chickens causing significant economic losses worldwide. Due to the limitation in their efficacy, current vaccination strategies against ND need improvements. This study aimed to evaluate a new-generation ND vaccine for its efficacy in providing clinical protection and reducing virus shedding after challenge. Broiler chickens were vaccinated in ovo or subcutaneously at hatch with a turkey herpesvirus-based recombinant vaccine (rHVT) expressing a key protective antigen (F glycoprotein) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Groups of birds were challenged at 20, 27, and 40 days of age with a genotype V viscerotropic velogenic NDV strain. Protection was 57% and 81%, 100% and 95%, and 100% and 100% after the subsequent challenges in the in ovo and subcutaneously vaccinated chickens, respectively. Humoral immune response to vaccination could be detected from 3-4 wk of age. Challenge virus shedding was lower and gradually decreased over time in the vaccinated birds compared to the unvaccinated control chickens. In spite of the phylogenetic distance between the NDV F gene inserted into the vector vaccine and the challenge virus (genotype I and V, respectively), the rHVT NDV vaccine provided good clinical protection and significantly reduced challenge virus shedding.
The Rate of Interest and the Laws of Distribution (1888)

The Rate of Interest and the Laws of Distribution Get access Sidney Webb Sidney Webb Lecturer on Economics at the City of London College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 2, Issue 2, January 1888, Pages 188–208, https://doi.org/10.2307/1879488 Published: 01 January 1888
Combining Speed and Accuracy in Cognitive Psychology: Is the Inverse Efficiency Score (IES) a Better Dependent Variable than the Mean Reaction Time (RT) and the Percentage Of Errors (PE)? (2011)

Experiments in cognitive psychology usually return two dependent variables: the percentage of errors and the reaction time of the correct responses. Townsend and Ashby (1978, 1983) proposed the inverse efficiency score (IES) as a way to combine both measures and, hence, to provide a better summary of the findings. In this article we examine the usefulness of IES by applying it to existing datasets. Although IES does give a better summary of the findings in some cases, mostly the variance of the measure is increased to such an extent that it becomes less interesting. Against our initial hopes, we have to conclude that it is not a good idea to limit the statistical analyses to IES without further checking the data.
Facile one pot synthesis of a range of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents (2008)

The application of a universal synthetic strategy for the high yielding and facile synthesis of a wide range of functional RAFT agents including trithiocarbonates, xanthates and dithiocarbamates is described.
Surface recording of His-Purkinje activity on an every-beat basis without digital averaging. (1981)

Efforts to record evidence of electrical activity from the body surface originating in the His bundle or bundle branches have been reported since 1973. Almost exclusively, these techniques have required digital averaging of 50-100 sequential cardiac cycles. For immediate diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic application, recording on an every-beat basis is highly desirable. This is especially important in instances of changing atrioventricular conduction, arrhythmias or less-than-constant RR intervals. Our object has been to develop a system for more nearly optimal noise reduction, to avoid the disadvantages of serial signal averaging, and to be able to record His-Purkinje activity in man on an every-beat basis. Using multiple parallel inputs wih linear amplification, additional logarithmic amplification, some bandpass filtering, and a logic circuit that ultimately examines and accepts or rejects a deflection as "true" signal, we can record, in most instances, on a beat-by-beat basis, this very valuable component of the cardiac electrical cycle.
A set of van der Waals and coulombic radii of protein atoms for molecular and solvent‐accessible surface calculation, packing evaluation, and docking (1998)

We analyze the contact distance distributions between nonbonded atoms in known protein structures. A complete set of van der Waals (VDW) radii for 24 protein atom types and for crystal-bound water is derived from the contact distance distributions of these atoms with a selected group of apolar atoms. In addition, a set of Coulombic radii for polar atoms is derived from their contacts with water. The contact distance distributions and the two sets of radii are derived in a systematic and self-consistent manner using an iterative procedure. The Coulombic radii for polar atoms are, on average, 0.18 Å smaller than their VDW radii. The VDW radius of water is 1.7 Å, which is 0.3 Å larger than its Coulombic radius. We show that both the VDW and the Coulombic radii of polar atoms are needed in calculating the molecular and solvent-accessible surfaces of proteins. The VDW radii are needed to generate the apolar portions of the surface and the Coulombic radii for the polar portions. The fact that polar atoms have two apparent sizes implies that a hydrophobic cavity has to be larger than a polar cavity in order to accommodate the same number of water molecules. Most surface area calculations have used only one radius for each polar atom. As a result, unreal cavities, grooves, or pockets may be generated if the Coulombic radii of polar atoms are used. On the other hand, if the VDW radii of polar atoms are used, the details of the polar regions of the surface may be lost. The accuracy of the molecular and the solvent-accessible surfaces of proteins can be improved if the radii of polar atoms are allowed to change depending on the nature of their contacting neighbors. The surface of a protein at a protein–protein interface differs from that in solution in that it has to be generated using at least two kinds of probes, one representing a typical apolar atom and the other a typical polar atom. This observation has important implications for docking, which relies on surface complementarity at the interface. Proteins 32:111–127, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sorption of Isosaccharinic Acid, a Cellulose Degradation Product, on Cement (1997)

Low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (L/ILW) contains substantial amounts of cellulosic materials. In Switzerland ~50% of the organic waste is cellulosic (<em>1</em>). In a cementitious L/ILW repository, the large amounts of cement produce alkaline environments in which the pH of the cement pore water remains above 12.5 for periods of the order of 10<sup>5</sup> years (<em>2</em>). It is well known in the literature that cellulose is unstable under alkaline conditions and will degrade to water-soluble, low molecular weight compounds (<em>3</em>). The type of degradation products formed depends strongly on the composition of the solution in contact with the cellulose. In the presence of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, as is the case for pore waters of cement-stabilized waste forms, isosaccharinic acid (ISA, see Figure 1) is the main degradation product (<em>4, 5</em>). The importance of ISA in the context of radwaste disposal is that it can form – in analogy with gluconic acid (see Figure 1) – stable complexes with tri- and tetravalent radionuclides such as Am<sup>3+</sup> and Pu<sup>4+</sup> (<em>6−8</em>), which adversely influences their sorption on the cement phase (<em>9</em>). This could lead to an enhanced release of such radionuclides to the geo- and biosphere.<br /> A key factor for complexation is the concentration of ISA in the cement pore water. The concentration of ISA in the pore water is essentially governed by the quantity of the cellulose present (cellulose loading), its degradation rate, and the cement porosity. Conservative estimates indicate that concentrations up to 0.1 M can be achieved, which would have severe consequences for the sorption of radionuclides (<em>9</em>). A few processes, however, can reduce the concentration of ISA in the pore water, i.e., the degradation of ISA, the formation of sparingly soluble ISA compounds, and/or the sorption of ISA on the cement. Stability experiments showed that ISA is stable under alkaline conditions, and consequently, a decrease of the ISA concentration by a degradation process is unlikely (<em>10</em>). The only sparingly soluble salt that can be formed in the repository and can potentially bound the upper limit of the ISA concentration is Ca(ISA)<sub>2</sub>. On the basis of the solubility product of Ca(ISA)<sub>2</sub>, a maximum concentration of ISA of ~5 × 10<sup>–2</sup> M could be calculated (<em>10</em>). The only process capable of significantly reducing the ISA concentration in the cement pore water is its sorption on the cement. No studies on the sorption of ISA are known in the literature. Consequently, we started an investigation on the sorption of ISA on cement under repository conditions, i.e., a (Na,K)OH solution saturated with respect to Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> (Portlandite) and having a pH value of 13.3. In this study, we focus on measuring sorption isotherms for ISA at 25 °C and on determining the sorption capacity and the ISA – cement interaction constant.
Performance evaluation of a multiprocessor system with dual-port directory caches (2002)

A cache is presented with a single dual-port directory which can be used for both the processor accesses and coherence operations simultaneously. The complexity of such a dual-port directory cache is far less than that of a traditional two-directory cache. A bus-based shared-memory multiprocessor model with dedicated private caches is described. Summarized results from extensive simulations are presented, and the performance of the multiprocessor system with the dual-port directory caches is evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automated selection and assembly of sets of blades for jet engine compressors and turbines (2018)

Aircraft engines need to pass regular maintenance intervals, which go along with a complete disassembly, part inspection (with necessary repair or replacement) and finally reassembly. Especially the manual composition and assembly of blades are time-consuming processes. Increasing air traffic and growing pressure on costs in aviation MRO, demand more efficient approaches. This paper introduces an automated approach for increasing efficiency in selection and assembly of sets of blades for jet engines. Chapter 1 gives a short overview on different designs for compressor and turbine stages. Additionally, the process of adjusting and mounting a set of blades into a circumferential groove is described. Furthermore, a potential for an automated assembly process is determined. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the overall concept, including robotic blade handling, measuring of blades, balancing a set of blades and gap measurement. Chapter 3 focusses on the two measuring tasks. For measuring the width of the blades, optical and tactile approaches are compared. Image processing and laser triangulation are compared to current use of feeler gauges for the gap measurement. In chapter 4 a force-guided assembly strategy, using a force-torque-sensor is presented. Chapter 5 concludes with a brief overview of the planned future work.
Reviews of Books (1989)

Reviews of Books The Newspaper Press in the French Revolution. By Hugh Gough. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1988. 264 pp. £30.00. ISBN 0-415-00369-5. W. J. MURRAY W. J. MURRAY La Trobe UniversityMelbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French History, Volume 3, Issue 4, December 1989, Pages 489–491, https://doi.org/10.1093/fh/3.4.489 Published: 01 December 1989
Laser photoradiation therapy of cancer. (1983)

We conducted a trial of photoradiation therapy of cancer at the University of California at Irvine. The basis of this technique is a photochemical reaction between an i.v.-injected material, hematoporphyrin derivative, and red light (wavelength, 630 nm). Hematoporphyrin derivative localized in malignant tissue, resulting in selective destruction of cancer cells upon illumination with red light. One hundred twenty-eight sites of recurrent cancer or premalignant lesions were treated in 37 patients. Of this group, 35 patients had recurrent cancer refractory to conventional therapy, and two had premalignant lesions. Favorable responses were achieved in 67% of the sites treated. The dose of hematoporphyrin derivative used in this study ranged from 2 to 5 mg/kg with the majority of patients receiving 3 mg/kg. Total light dose administered appeared to be the most critical parameter evaluated. Light doses in excess of 20 J/sq cm generally resulted in blistering and necrosis of intact skin, while no appreciable increase in response was observed. Photoradiation therapy has demonstrable efficacy in cancer therapy and avoids much of the morbidity of current conventional techniques.
Molecular Compound Formation between Substituted Biurets and Isocyanurates (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Compound Formation between Substituted Biurets and IsocyanuratesW. J. CloseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 15, 3619–3620Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01111a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (236 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Antiestrogenic action of toremifene on hormone-dependent, -independent, and heterogeneous breast tumor growth in the athymic mouse. (1989)

The antiestrogen toremifene has been used to study the growth control of hormone-dependent (MCF-7), -independent (MDA-MB-231), or mixed tumor cell populations in athymic mice. Maximal MCF-7 tumor growth was produced in ovariectomized athymic mice by circulating estradiol levels of approximately 200 pg/ml (produced by 0.5-cm silastic capsules implanted s.c.). The antiestrogen toremifene (77 +/- 4 micrograms/day from a 2-cm silastic capsule) inhibited estradiol (0.5-cm capsule)-stimulated growth by more than 70%. No tumor growth was observed in mice treated with toremifene alone, although toremifene acted as a weak partial agonist on the mouse uterus. The growth of hormone-independent MDA-MB-231 breast tumors implanted in athymic mice was not influenced by either estradiol (0.5-cm capsule) or toremifene (2-cm capsule) when administered alone or in combination. Furthermore, even very large doses of toremifene (5 mg/day p.o.) did not alter the rate of MDA-MB-231 tumor growth. Mixtures of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in 9:1 and 99:1 ratios inoculated into athymic mice produced tumors which grew in the absence of estradiol but responded to estradiol supplementation (0.5-cm capsule) with a more rapid rate of tumor growth. Tumors grown from inoculated MCF-7:MDA-MB-231 cells (99:1 ratio) in the presence of estradiol had estrogen receptor levels of 33.2 +/- 9.2 fmol/mg of protein at Day 44 compared to 84.8 +/- 4.8 fmol/mg of protein in pure MCF-7 tumors. Toremifene (2-cm capsule) treatment inhibited the estrogen stimulation of these mixed tumors (99:1 starting ratio) to that of toremifene alone. However, toremifene-alone treatment produced a more rapid rate of tumor growth than control or tumors grown from irradiated MCF-7 cells mixed with viable MDA-MB-231 cells. Increasing the ratio of MCF-7:MDA-MB-231 cells (999:1) initially inoculated resulted in tumors which developed less rapidly than the lower ratio (99:1). Toremifene (2-cm capsule) again produced partial inhibition of 17 beta-estradiol-stimulated tumor growth while increasing tumor growth above control when the antiestrogen was administered alone. These results demonstrate that toremifene is effective in inhibiting estrogen stimulation of hormone-dependent tumors and partially successful at controlling mixed hormone-dependent/independent tumors; however, the antiestrogen cannot control the growth of a hormone-independent tumor in this model.
Real-time decoding of question-and-answer speech dialogue using human cortical activity (2019)

Natural communication often occurs in dialogue, differentially engaging auditory and sensorimotor brain regions during listening and speaking. However, previous attempts to decode speech directly from the human brain typically consider listening or speaking tasks in isolation. Here, human participants listened to questions and responded aloud with answers while we used high-density electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings to detect when they heard or said an utterance and to then decode the utterance's identity. Because certain answers were only plausible responses to certain questions, we could dynamically update the prior probabilities of each answer using the decoded question likelihoods as context. We decode produced and perceived utterances with accuracy rates as high as 61% and 76%, respectively (chance is 7% and 20%). Contextual integration of decoded question likelihoods significantly improves answer decoding. These results demonstrate real-time decoding of speech in an interactive, conversational setting, which has important implications for patients who are unable to communicate.
Pharmacology of Dormicum (midazolam) and Anexate (flumazenil) (1990)

Midazolam and flumazenil have some characteristics in common which make them suitable partners as benzodiazepine (BZD) agonist and antagonist. After intravenous (i.v.) administration, both drugs are rapidly distributed into similar distribution volumes, from which they are cleared with a comparable short elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) in the range of 1 h (flumazenil) to 3 h (midazolam). Both drugs undergo hepatic metabolisation with a relatively high hepatic extraction ratio of around 0.3 for midazolam and 0.6 for flumazenil. The metabolisation of midazolam and flumazenil may equally be affected by considerable loss of active liver cells or by temporarily reduced hepatic blood flow. In such a case, elimination of both drugs may be prolonged in the same way. Flumazenil has only an inactive metabolite. The main active alpha-hydroxy-metabolite of midazolam does not contribute much to the activity of midazolam after parenteral administration. Its potency is lower than that of midazolam and its shorter elimination half-life (0.8 h) does not prolong the activity of the parent drug. As indicated by the therapeutic index, both drugs have a very high safety margin, which is considerably higher than that of thiopentone or propofol. Only low doses of both drugs are necessary to produce initial effects. Increasing doses intensify the drug activity and a ceiling effect is observed after maximal doses of midazolam and flumazenil. The onset of effect immediately follows the diffusion of the substances into the CNS and can be observed within the first minutes following flumazenil or midazolam administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characteristics and readout of an InSb CID two-dimensional scanning TDI array (1985)

In this paper, we describe a 16 × 64 InSb CID 2-D array using a concentric gate structure and planar processing designed for scanning TDI applications. An in-depth analysis of the physical mechanisms of the charge-injection device and a simplified dual-gate CID readout modeling based on a piecewise linear approximation are discussed. Excellent array performance was measured using the sequential-row-inject (SRI) readout scheme in its simplest form. Good dual-gate coupling and charge transfer demonstrate the feasibility of the ideal mode operation. The empirical results are also in agreement with the calculations predicted by the readout modeling and analysis using the material and device parameters.