gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of ribosome‐binding‐site elements on translational efficiency in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Escherichia coli in vivo</i> (1992)

A method is described to determine simultaneously the effect of any changes in the ribosome-binding site (RBS) of mRNA on translational efficiency in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli in vivo. The approach was used to analyse systematically the influence of spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the initiation codon, the three different initiation codons, and RBS secondary structure on translational yields in the two organisms. Both B. subtilis and E. coli exhibited similar spacing optima of 7-9 nucleotides. However, B. subtilis translated messages with spacings shorter than optimal much less efficiently than E. coli. In both organisms, AUG was the preferred initiation codon by two- to threefold. In E. coli GUG was slightly better than UUG while in B. subtilis UUG was better than GUG. The degree of emphasis placed on initiation codon type, as measured by translational yield, was dependent on the strength of the Shine-Dalgarno interaction in both organisms. B. subtilis was also much less able to tolerate secondary structure in the RBS than E. coli. While significant differences were found between the two organisms in the effect of specific RBS elements on translation, other mRNA components in addition to those elements tested appear to be responsible, in part, for translational species specificity. The approach described provides a rapid and systematic means of elucidating such additional determinants.
Can an Antibiotic (Macrolide) Prevent <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> -Induced Atherosclerosis in a Rabbit Model? (1999)

There is increasing data implicating Chlamydia pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and antibiotics may theoretically be useful to prevent secondary vascular complications. Three groups of New Zealand White specific-pathogen-free rabbits, fed cholesterol-free chow, were inoculated via the nasopharynx on three occasions, 2 weeks apart, with C. pneumoniae. Group I (n = 23) rabbits were untreated; group II (n = 24) rabbits were treated with azithromycin at 30 mg/kg of body weight daily for 3 days and then once every 6 days, starting 5 days after first inoculation and continuing until sacrifice (early treatment); and group III (n = 24) rabbits were treated with the same dose of azithromycin but initiated 2 weeks after the last inoculation. All animals were sacrificed at 10 to 11 weeks after initial inoculation and examined for signs of atherosclerosis of the aorta. Eight (34.8%) untreated rabbits developed early signs of atherosclerosis, whereas only one (4.2%) in the early-treatment group had such signs (P = 0.02). However, eight rabbits (33.3%) of the delayed-treatment group had atherosclerotic changes of the aorta and no significant reduction compared to untreated rabbits. Early treatment of C. pneumoniae-infected rabbits with azithromycin was highly effective (87%) in preventing atherosclerotic changes, but delayed treatment was ineffective. It is possible that longer or more aggressive antibiotic treatment may be needed to reverse preformed lesions or that antibiotics may not be of value once lesions have formed.
Image Restoration using a Network of Reduced and Regularized Neural Networks (2012)

The aim of this paper is to implement an optimal neural network model to resolve the problem of colour image restoration which consists of retrieving original image degraded by invariant blur and corrupted by random white additive noise. We propose in this paper an algorithm which implements a general network of reduced neural networks model and adaptive regularization. The developed model is based on the original model of zhou and the modified model of Paik and katsaggelos.
Immunomodulatory α‐Galactoglycosphingolipids: Synthesis of 2'‐Fluoro‐2'‐deoxy‐α‐galactosylceramide and an Evaluation of Its Immunostimulating Properties (2005)

Abstract In the framework of a project to assess the immunomodulating properties of α‐galactosyl glycosphingolipids, the total synthesis of 1‐ O ‐(2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐α‐ D ‐galactopyranosyl)‐2‐docosanoylamino‐1,3,4‐octadecanetriol ( 1 ), a 2'‐fluoro analogue of the immunostimulating α‐galactoglycosphingolipids, was accomplished. The glycosidation reaction of the azido precursor of sphingosine was performed using the Mukaiyama glycosidation reaction. The stimulation of mouse splenocyte proliferation by the 2'‐fluoro analogue was highly reduced compared to that of the α‐galactoglycosphingolipids, thereby confirming that a free galactose 2‐OH group is essential for the immunostimulatory activity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A method for computing electrical transients of transmission lines by numerical laplace transform (1986)

Abstract This paper proposes a numerical method of solution for the transient phenomena on transmission line terminated by simple load, including a nonlinear element. The method is based on the discrete numerical Laplace transform and its inverse, utilizing the discrete Fourier transform. Problems and the solutions in the method are discussed. The feature of the method is that the voltage, current and surge impedance matrix of the transmission line are specified on the complex frequency (s) plane, while the boundary condition is given on the time (t) domain. Numerical solutions in the two regions are combined by Laplace transform and its inverse. The Laplace transform and its inverse by discrete Fourier transform have a drawback in that the accuracy of the computation deteriorates at t = 0 for stepwise change of the waveform. A method to solve this problem is described. For the latter half of the sampling point sequence in the Laplace and inverse transforms, the computation error is increased, which effectively halves the sampling points in the computation of the reflected wave. For this problem, a method is presented by which the accuracy of the computation is retained for each calculation of the reflected wave, keeping constant the number of sampling points. The convolution required in the calculation of the boundary condition is time‐consuming, and a solution for this is proposed. As an example of the solution, the transient phenomenon in the multiconductor transmission‐line terminated by the surge arrester is calculated, taking the skin effect into consideration.
GaAsSb and AlGaAsSb tunnel diodes (1981)

GaAsSb and AlGaAsSb tunnel diodes have been grown of material with 1.25–1.9 eV band gaps. High excess current values in all samples indicate a high number of defect levels in the forbidden gap.
Practical 3-D Object detection using category and instance-level appearance models (2011)

Bipedal walking in human environments is made difficult by the unevenness of the terrain and by external disturbances. Most approaches to bipedal walking in such environments either rely upon a precise model of the surface or special hardware designed for uneven terrain. In this paper, we present an alternative approach to stabilize the walking of an inexpensive, commercially-available, position-controlled humanoid robot in difficult environments. We use electrically compliant swing foot dynamics and onboard sensors to estimate the inclination of the local surface, and use a online learning algorithm to learn an adaptive surface model. Perturbations due to external disturbances or model errors are rejected by a hierarchical push recovery controller, which modulates three biomechanically motivated push recovery controllers according to the current estimated state. We use a physically realistic simulation with an articulated robot model and reinforcement learning algorithm to train the push recovery controller, and implement the learned controller on a commercial DARwIn-OP small humanoid robot. Experimental results show that this combined approach enables the robot to walk over unknown, uneven surfaces without falling down.
A Novel Adaptive Crosstalk Cancellation using Psychoacoustic Model for 3D Audio (2007)

In rendering a virtual sound over two loudspeakers, adaptive inverse filtering is required for crosstalk cancellation. Although various adaptive algorithms have been proposed for crosstalk cancellation, few have been effective especially in time-varying environments where fast convergence rate is required. Until now, the least-mean square (LMS) algorithm known for its simplicity and robustness has been the predominant algorithm used, but its convergence rate is considered slow for colored inputs. In this paper, human perceptual characteristics which have never been incorporated in an LMS algorithm is introduced. In our experiment, the proposed algorithm achieved higher perceptual accuracy and faster convergence rate than the conventional LMS algorithm.
A hierarchical bit-line architecture with flexible redundancy and block compare test for 256 Mb DRAM (1993)

The density of DRAM has at last reached 256Mb at experimental level. Nevertheless, to realize a mass produced device, serious design problems still remain even if the performance related problems such as access time and power consumption are excluded. They are the problem of yield and test time explosion. This paper describes a new array architecture which implements a flexible redundant scheme and a new test time reduction capability with the reduction of chip size. In this architecture, the number of sense-amplifiers is reduced using a hierarchical bit-line (main/sub bit-line) without degradation of basic parameters such as bit-line parasitic capacitance and bit-line resistance. This redundant scheme features the flexibility of row replacement without a complicated control sequence. The new test mode is "block compare test" (BCT), in which the data stored in memory cells connected to two word-lines belonging to different blocks can be checked simultaneously for any data pattern.
A new wavelet transform video compression algorithm (2011)

In this paper, the basic principle of wavelet transform and the transform function of the research base, focusing on the wavelet transform in video compression, a new application process. Commonly used in the analysis and comparison of the video compression standard based on the video file as a test source, design and implementation of wavelet transform location of multi-level transformation arrangement algorithm, the final realization of the above algorithm by examples, the algorithm is verified The correctness and rationality.
Link abstraction for variable bandwidth with incremental redundancy HARQ in LTE (2013)

Incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat request (IR-HARQ) scheme used in recent wireless communication standards such as 3GPP LTE provides higher benefits in terms of system capacity and robustness. To map these benefits into system level evaluations is of critical importance. Traditional link abstraction techniques are usually designed for a fixed bandwidth and do not present a generic solution for the variable bandwidth assignment to the users. Therefore in this paper we propose a generic methodology for modeling the IR-HARQ link performance in LTE for the system level simulators. The proposed scheme allows for the arbitrary bandwidth assignments while at the same time reduces the storage requirement for the complex operations of IR-HARQ link abstraction. We apply the proposed methodology to a wide variety of the modulation and coding schemes (MCS) in LTE for a highly frequency selective channel and show that the proposed model provides accurate results.
Stereodynamics of acyclic alcohols, ethers, and N,N-dimethylurethanes. Potential barriers to rotation about carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereodynamics of acyclic alcohols, ethers, and N,N-dimethylurethanes. Potential barriers to rotation about carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bondsSteven Hoogasian, C. Hackett Bushweller, Warren G. Anderson, and George KingsleyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 6, 643–648Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100547a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j100547a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
El códice 247 B del Archivo Histórico Nacional de Madrid. (1982)

Sin resumen
Measurement of serum concentrations of inhibin‐A (α‐β<sub>A</sub> dimer) during human pregnancy (1995)

Inhibin-A, principally the 31-kDa form, is present in peripheral blood throughout human gestation at concentrations up to 50 times greater than maximum values found during the spontaneous menstrual cycle (approximately 100 ng/l). The finding of highest serum values during the third trimester and of significant concentrations in term placenta firmly support a placental rather than luteal origin for this material.
Multi-prover interactive proofs: how to remove intractability (1988)

Quite complex cryptographic machinery has been developed based on the assumption that one-way functions exist, yet we know of only a few possible such candidates. It is important at this time to find alternative foundations to the design of secure cryptography. We introduce a new model of generalized interactive proofs as a step in this direction. We prove that all NP languages have perfect zero-knowledge proof-systems in this model, without making any intractability assumptions.
Live cell image segmentation (1995)

A major requirement of an automated, real-time, computer vision-based cell tracking system is an efficient method for segmenting cell images. The usual segmentation algorithms proposed in the literature exhibit weak performance on live unstained cell images, which can be characterized as being of low contrast, intensity-variant, and unevenly illuminated. We propose a two-stage segmentation strategy which involves: 1) extracting an approximate region containing the cell and part of the background near the cell, and 2) segmenting the cell from the background within this region. The approach effectively reduces the influence of peripheral background intensities and texture on the extraction of a cell region. The experimental results show that this approach for segmenting cell images is both fast and robust.
Importance of sample preheating in oxidation of Ge<i>x</i>Si1−<i>x</i> (1992)

Wet thermal oxidation at 1000 °C of a 470-nm-thick epitaxial Ge0.36Si0.64 layer on (100)Si produces oxides of different composition depending on the details of the oxidation procedure. When a cold sample is directly exposed to the hot steam, the surface layer of the oxide contains both Ge and Si. Only SiO2 forms if a preheated sample is exposed to the hot steam. The effect is not present for dry oxidation and is attributed to the known enhancement of the wet oxidation rate by Ge, coupled with the transient warm up of a sample when it is immersed cold in hot steam.
Analysis of recombinant inbred lines derived from "autoimmune" (NZB) and "high leukemia" (C58) strains: independent multigenic systems control B cell hyperactivity, retrovirus expression, and autoimmunity. (1982)

The relationship of B cell hyperactivity and retrovirus expression to other autoimmune traits were examined in recombinant inbred (N X 8 RI) lines derived from NZB and C58 progenitor strains. Although both NZB and C58 mice expressed high levels of xenotropic virus, the RI lines segregated in virologic phenotype, as high or low expressors of the endogenous virus. The expression of the C58-derived ecotropic virus occurred in only one-half of the RI lines, and its expression in the remaining lines of mice appeared to be suppressed by the NZB-derived allele at the Fv-1 locus. The inheritance of B lymphocyte abnormalities of the NZB progenitor strain was investigated by studying spontaneous and SRBC-induced production of IgM by the spleen cells of the RI lines. These two phenotypes of B cell hyperactivity were found to be determined by independently segregating genes and they were not linked to immunoglobulin structural gene loci. The strain distribution patterns of virus expression and B cell hyperactivity in the RI lines did not match with each other or with the inheritance patterns of other immunologic abnormalities, such as defective AMLR and production of autoantibodies.
Concurrent-error detection in high-speed carry-free dividers (1994)

Rapid advancements in technology demand innovative computation algorithms and hardware structures to achieve high performance. High-speed dividers are commonly designed using SRT division methods. Recently, a high-speed carry-free divider design using redundant binary representation has been presented. Based on the carry-free division algorithm and a more general cell-fault model instead of stuck-at fault model, the paper presents a concurrent error detection scheme using alternating input data. The key to the detection of faults is determining that at least one input combination exists for which the error does not result in alternating outputs. Results show that, with a low hardware overhead, the divider circuit is capable of detecting single/multiple transient faults in one cell during the real-time operation and enhancing its reliability significantly.
Confucius et son temps. By Jeanne Gripekoven. Brussels: Office de Publicite, S. A., 1955. 112. Plates, Tables, Bibliography, Index. Fr. 75. - Confucius: His Life and Time. By Liu Wu-chi. New York: Philosophical Library, 1955. xv, 189. Bibliography, Index. $3.75. (1957)

Confucius et son temps. By Jeanne Gripekoven. Brussels: Office de Publicite, S. A., 1955. 112. Plates, Tables, Bibliography, Index. Fr. 75. - Confucius: His Life and Time. By Liu Wu-chi. New York: Philosophical Library, 1955. xv, 189. Bibliography, Index. $3.75. - Volume 16 Issue 2
Altered expression of MicroRNA in synovial fibroblasts and synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (2008)

This study provides the first description of increased expression of miRNA miR-155 and miR-146a in RA. Based on these findings, we postulate that the inflammatory milieu may alter miRNA expression profiles in resident cells of the rheumatoid joints. Considering the repressive effect of miR-155 on the expression of MMPs 3 and 1 in RASFs, we hypothesize that miR-155 may be involved in modulation of the destructive properties of RASFs.
CO2 management at ExxonMobil’s LaBarge field, Wyoming, USA (2011)

Production of natural gas from the LaBarge field in southwest Wyoming began in 1986. This gas contains high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), and from the very beginning, ExxonMobil has successfully implemented several technologies and approaches to effectively manage the substantial volumes of CO2 associated with its production. Many of the technologies and approaches used for managing CO2 at LaBarge are examples of technologies and approaches being proposed for use in carbon capture and storage (CCS) by other industries. The Shute Creek Treating Facility (SCTF) processes the gas produced from the LaBarge field. The SCTF handles the lowest hydrocarbon content natural gas commercially produced in the world. The gas composition entering Shute Creek is 65% CO2, 21% methane, 7% nitrogen, 5% hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and 0.6% helium. The SCTF separates CO2, methane, and helium for sale and removes hydrogen sulfide for disposal. Most of the CO2 captured at Shute Creek is used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). EOR is consistently cited as one of the most viable early opportunities for large scale implementation of CCS. ExxonMobil’s LaBarge operation is the largest deployment of this approach to CCS in the world today. Currently ExxonMobil provides 4 to 5 million tonnes per year of CO2 for EOR. Ongoing facility expansion will increase this capacity to over 7 million tonnes per year in 2010. A concentrated acid gas stream of about 60% hydrogen sulfide and 40% CO2 is injected into a carefully selected section of the same reservoir from which it was produced, safely disposing of the hydrogen sulfide along with approximately 400,000 tonnes of CO2 per year. Other technologies and approaches that have reduced CO2 emissions include the ExxonMobil patented low BTU fuel co-generation system that substantially reduces CO2 emissions when compared to emissions from purchased power. Cumulatively, through the application of these technologies at LaBarge, ExxonMobil will have the capacity to capture and manage over 75% of the CO2 produced from the LaBarge field. Additionally, new technologies are being developed that may provide additional reductions in emissions, either at this site or at others with similarly challenged production streams. Construction of a commercial demonstration facility for ExxonMobil’s Controlled Freeze ZoneTM (CFZ) gas treatment technology has been completed at Shute Creek and operations are about to begin. The CFZTM technology allows the single step separation of CO2 and other contaminants from a natural gas stream without the use of solvents or absorbents. Its successful commercial demonstration would enable the development of increasingly sour gas resources around the world by substantially reducing gas treatment and geo-sequestration costs from these sources.
Region-based multi-step optic disk and cup segmentation from color fundus image (2013)

Retinal optic cup-disk-ratio (CDR) is a one of important indicators of glaucomatous neuropathy. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-step 4-quadrant thresholding method for optic disk segmentation and a multi-step temporal-nasal segmenting method for optic cup segmentation based on blood vessel inpainted HSL lightness images and green images. The performance of the proposed methods was evaluated on a group of color fundus images and compared with the manual outlining results from two experts. Dice scores of detected disk and cup regions between the auto and manual results were computed and compared. Vertical CDRs were also compared among the three results. The preliminary experiment has demonstrated the robustness of the method for automatic optic disk and cup segmentation and its potential value for clinical application.