gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (2007)

Significant progress in understanding the mechanisms leading to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has led to the identification of numerous molecular abnormalities that may be responsible for leukemogenesis. Over the same period, large trials have established standard regimens combining cytotoxic agents for the treatment of patients with AML. Current research is attempting to better stratify patients by identifying risk factors responsible for resistance, and to discern ways for incorporating newer agents with specific and targeted activity into our standard regimens, Herein the recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of AML are reviewed.
Sequential One‐Pot Addition of Excess Aryl‐Grignard Reagents and Electrophiles to <i>O</i>‐Alkyl Thioformates (2013)

The sequential addition of aromatic Grignard reagents to O-alkyl thioformates proceeded to completion within 30 s to give aryl benzylic sulfanes in good yields. This reaction may begin with the nucleophilic attack of the Grignard reagent onto the carbon atom of the O-alkyl thioformates, followed by the elimination of ROMgBr to generate aromatic thioaldehydes, which then react with a second molecule of the Grignard reagent at the sulfur atom to form arylsulfanyl benzylic Grignard reagents. To confirm the generation of aromatic thioaldehydes, the reaction between O-alkyl thioformates and phenyl Grignard reagent was carried out in the presence of cyclopentadiene. As a result, hetero-Diels-Alder adducts of the thioaldehyde and the diene were formed. The treatment of a mixture of the thioformate and phenyl Grignard reagent with iodine gave 1,2-bis(phenylsulfanyl)-1,2-diphenyl ethane as a product, which indicated the formation of arylsulfanyl benzylic Grignard reagents in the reaction mixture. When electrophiles were added to the Grignard reagents that were generated in situ, four-component coupling products, that is, O-alkyl thioformates, two molecules of Grignard reagents, and electrophiles, were obtained in moderate-to-good yields. The use of silyl chloride or allylic bromides gave the adducts within 5 min, whereas the reaction with benzylic halides required more than 30 min. The addition to carbonyl compounds was complete within 1 min and the use of lithium bromide as an additive enhanced the yields of the four-component coupling products. Finally, oxiranes and imines also participated in the coupling reaction.
Canine Leishmaniasis: Identification of Asymptomatic Carriers by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Immunoblotting (1996)

A major limitation to the study of the epidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis is the inability to identify and count asymptomatic carriers because classic diagnositc tests are insufficiently sensitive. We investigated the capacity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the parasite and immunoblotting to detect specific antibodies in samples from dogs living in an endemic area without any symptoms of leishmaniasis. Results of classic serologic tests (immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were negative. Two independent PCR assays detected the parasite in skin and conjunctival samples from 80% of the dogs. We found specific antibodies by immunoblot in 66% and 56% of the dogs had both specific antibodies and parasite DNA. As controls, samples from dogs with clinical manifestations of the disease before and after treatment were assayed. The frequency of positive PCR samples decreased after treatment, and although antibody levels decreased with cure of the disease, they remained detectable by immunoblot. Results showed that most of the dogs living in an endemic area had been exposed to Leishmania. Both PCR and immunoblot are sensitive enough to detect asyptomatic infection and could be valuable tools for studies monitoring the transmission of the disease and vaccination trials.
Flow Field and Pressure Drop of Filters with Rectangular Fibers (1992)

A numerical study of viscous flow in a fibrous filter modeled as a staggered array of rectangular or cylindrical fibers arranged perpendicular to the flow direction was conducted to determine the fiber drag. The calculated dimensionless drag values for the case of the cylindrical fibers were found to be in excellent agreement with the analytical results of Kuwabara (1959). The effect of the fluid inertia on the flow around a cylindrical or rectangular fiber was found to be negligible for Reynolds number values < 0.2. Further, the dimensionless drag on rectangular fibers with aspect ratios > 1 was found to be a strong function of the filter solid-volume fraction, which correlated well with the Kuwabara results for the case of cylindrical fibers.
Formation of planar waveguides in bismuth germanate by<sup>4</sup>He<sup>+</sup>ion implantation (1989)

Planar optical waveguides have been formed in crystalline bismuth germanate (BGO) Bi4Ge3O12, by He+ ion implantation. The refractive index profiles have been determined using a dark-mode technique at 0.6328 and 0.488 mu m. In the region of the electronic and nuclear stopping power of the ion beam in BGO there is an index enhancement, which forms an optical 'well'. This is stable up to approximately 200 degrees C, but then there is a gradual recovery of index up to 400 degrees C. Between 425 and 450 degrees C, for heavily implanted samples (>or=4*1016 ions/cm2), the well rapidly disappears, and is replaced by a sharp 'barrier' of reduced index. For lower dose implants (<4*1016 ion/cm2) at 450 degrees C many of the modes disappear without being replaced by a sharp barrier.
Triggering final follicular maturation- hCG, GnRH-agonist or both, when and to whom? (2015)

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) which combines GnRH antagonist co-treatment and GnRH-agonist (GnRHa) trigger has become a common tool aiming to eliminate severe early OHSS and to support the concept of an OHSS-free clinic. However, due to the reported significantly reduced clinical, efforts have been made to improve reproductive outcome. One of the suggested optional strategies aiming to improve outcome was the addition of low-dose (1500 IU) HCG bolus, administered, concomitant, 35 h or 5 days after the triggering bolus of GnRHa. All these regimens were demonstrated to rescue the luteal phase, resulting in improved reproductive outcome in patients at risk to develop severe OHSS, compared to GnRHa trigger alone, however, with the questionable ability to eliminate severe OHSS.Moreover, following the observations demonstrating comparable or even better oocyte\embryos quality following GnRHa, compared to hCG trigger, and the different effects of LH and hCG on the downstream signaling of the LH receptor, GnRHa is now offered concomitant to the standard hCG trigger dose to improve oocyte/embryo yield and quality. GnRHa and hCG may be offered either concomitantly, 35-37 h prior to oocyte retrieval (dual trigger), or 40 h and 34 h prior to oocyte retrieval, respectively (double trigger).
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of substituted 6-amide-4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives as c-Src inhibitors (2013)

The 4-anilinoquinazoline scaffold has been historically used for designing EGFR/VEGFR/HER2 inhibitors while it has not been reported widely for developing c-Src inhibitors. Thus, a series of novel 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives grafting different amide moieties at the 6-position were designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors for c-Src. In this manuscript, all of the designed compounds were screened via molecular docking using Discovery Studio 3.5 software. As expected, the results of the docking study revealed that most of these targeted compounds possessed lower binding energy than the positive control Saracatinib. Subsequently, all of the screened compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their c-Src in vitro inhibitory activities and in vitro antiproliferation assays against four human cancer cells (A549, MCF-7, HepG-2, HeLa). Among these compounds, 24 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against c-Src kinase as well as at the cellular level, of which the IC50 value reached up to 2.9 nM, comparable to the positive compound Saracatinib. Kinase selectivity profile also demonstrated that compound 24 showed good selectivity over several close kinase targets. These results, along with relative 3D-QSAR study, could provide an important basis for further development of compound 24 as a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Positive train control in North America (2009)

Railroads are safe, and this safety is due to the traffic control and communication technologies that were introduced in the first half of the 20th century. Modern versions of these traditional technologies continue to provide safe and sound train movement by ensuring the integrity of the generation and delivery of the authorities provided to train crews to advance down the track. With that stated, however, accidents do occur in that very few of these technologies protect against actions of the last remaining major source of operational errors made by the train crews themselves. The technologies that have been available for such protection have been either too expensive or not available for other than selective mixed freight/passenger corridors, e.g., the Northeast Corridor. However, based on advanced positioning and communication technologies, a new surge in both traffic management approaches for productivity purposes as well as train control for safety purposes, referred to as positive train control (PTC), have been underway for two decades in anticipation of the implementation across freight operations. The material presented henceforth provides a basic understanding of rail operations followed by a discussion on the workings and considerations of deploying PTC, as evidenced by the development of CSX's PTC effort referred to as communication-based train management (CBTM). Railroadese used in this article is shown in italics.
Alteration of the lysophosphatidic acid and its precursor lysophosphatidylcholine levels in spinal cord stenosis: A study using a rat cauda equina compression model (2019)

Cauda equina compression (CEC) is a major cause of neurogenic claudication and progresses to neuropathic pain (NP). A lipid mediator, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is known to induce NP via the LPA<sub>1</sub> receptor. To know a possible mechanism of LPA production in neurogenic claudication, we determined the levels of LPA, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and LPA-producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX), in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and spinal cord (SC) using a CEC as a possible model of neurogenic claudication. Using silicon blocks within the lumbar epidural space, we developed a CEC model in rats with motor dysfunction. LPC and LPA levels in the CSF were significantly increased from day 1. Importantly, specific LPA species (16:0, 18:2, 20:4) were upregulated, which have been shown to produce by ATX detected in the CSF, without changes on its level. In SC, the LPC and LPA levels did not change, but mass spectrometry imaging analysis revealed that LPC was present in a region where the silicon blocks were inserted. These results propose a model for LPA production in SC and CSF upon neurogenic claudication that LPC produced locally by tissue damages is converted to LPA by ATX, which then leak out into the CSF.
The Monetary Pillar and the Great Financial Crisis (2010)

Since its inception, a most distinctive (and controversial) feature of the ECB monetary policy strategy has been its emphasis on money and monetary analysis, which constitute the basis of the so-called monetary pillar. The present paper examines the performance of the monetary pillar around the recent financial crisis episode, and discusses its prospects in light of the renewed emphasis on financial stability and the need for enhanced macro-prudential policies. JEL Classification: E52, E58
Using Verilog simulation libraries for ATPG (2003)

Significant engineering effort is invested into coding libraries for automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) and verifying their equivalence with corresponding "golden" simulation libraries. These tasks are greatly simplified by using the methodology and the ATPG described in this paper. Simulation libraries are read-in with little or no recoding. Various structural and some behavioral Verilog constructs are automatically converted into efficient gate-level models for ATPG.
Fasudil, a Clinically Used ROCK Inhibitor, Stabilizes Rod Photoreceptor Synapses after Retinal Detachment (2017)

These results support the possibility, previously tested with Y27632, that ROCK inhibition may attenuate synaptic damage in iatrogenic detachments.
Layered Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –TiO <sub>2</sub> composite dielectric resonators with tuneable temperaturecoefficient for microwave applications (2000)

Aluminium oxide displays very low dielectric loss factor (tan δ) at microwave frequencies. However, its temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) is approximately –60 ppm/K and is unsatisfactory for certain applications. It is shown that applying a film of titanium oxide with a τf of 450 ppm/K produces a composite in which the τf can be tuned to zero over a wide temperature range. The tan δ of the composite at zero τf is 3.3 × 10-5 (Q = 30 000) at room temperature (300 K) and at 10 GHz.
Basic science of nuclear medicine (1978)

Basic science of nuclear medicine , Basic science of nuclear medicine , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
High‐frequency subband compressed sensing MRI using quadruplet sampling (2012)

The proposed method improves the reconstruction accuracy of high-spatial-frequency signal content and avoids incoherent artifacts in low-spatial-frequency regions. This new formulation also reduces the reconstruction time due to the smaller problem size.
The fluorinated natural products (1994)

D. B. Harper and D. O'Hagan, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1994, 11, 123 DOI: 10.1039/NP9941100123
Species-Specific Activity of SIV Nef and HIV-1 Vpu in Overcoming Restriction by Tetherin/BST2 (2009)

Tetherin, also known as BST2, CD317 or HM1.24, was recently identified as an interferon-inducible host-cell factor that interferes with the detachment of virus particles from infected cells. HIV-1 overcomes this restriction by expressing an accessory protein, Vpu, which counteracts tetherin. Since lentiviruses of the SIV(smm/mac)/HIV-2 lineage do not have a vpu gene, this activity has likely been assumed by other viral gene products. We found that deletion of the SIV(mac)239 nef gene significantly impaired virus release in cells expressing rhesus macaque tetherin. Virus release could be restored by expressing Nef in trans. However, Nef was unable to facilitate virus release in the presence of human tetherin. Conversely, Vpu enhanced virus release in the presence of human tetherin, but not in the presence of rhesus tetherin. In accordance with the species-specificity of Nef in mediating virus release, SIV Nef downregulated cell-surface expression of rhesus tetherin, but did not downregulate human tetherin. The specificity of SIV Nef for rhesus tetherin mapped to four amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain of the molecule that are missing from human tetherin, whereas the specificity of Vpu for human tetherin mapped to amino acid differences in the transmembrane domain. Nef alleles of SIV(smm), HIV-2 and HIV-1 were also able to rescue virus release in the presence of both rhesus macaque and sooty mangabey tetherin, but were generally ineffective against human tetherin. Thus, the ability of Nef to antagonize tetherin from these Old World primates appears to be conserved among the primate lentiviruses. These results identify Nef as the viral gene product of SIV that opposes restriction by tetherin in rhesus macaques and sooty mangabeys, and reveal species-specificity in the activities of both Nef and Vpu in overcoming tetherin in their respective hosts.
BINARY DECISION DIAGRAM REPRESENTATIONS OF FIREWALL AND ROUTER ACCESS LISTS (1998)

Network firewalls and routers can use a rule database to decide which packets will be allowed from one network onto another. By filtering packets the firewalls and routers can improve security and performance -- by excluding packets which may pose a security risk to a network or are not relevant to it. However, as the size of the rule list increases, it becomes difficult to maintain and validate the rules, and the cost of rule lookup may add significantly to latency. Ordered binary decision diagrams (BDDs) -- a compact method of representing and manipulating boolean expressions -- are a potential method of representing the rules. This paper explores how BDDs can be used to develop methods that help analysis of rules to validate them and changes to them, to improve performance, and facilitate hardware support. 1 Introduction The growth of network and internet communication creates several challenges for network design. Two important issues are security and performance. As the volume o...
Itching for Knowledge About Wound and Scar Pruritus. (2018)

Chronic itch continues to be a problem that plagues millions of humans and animals. Pruritus has a negative impact on patient quality of life and many patients experience sleep deprivation, anxiety, and depression, similar to patients with chronic pain. This review provides an overview of clinical pruritus research with special emphasis on itch that wound care providers may see. In addition, the need for using multifactorial questionnaires for better research in pruritus is summarized. Similarities and differences in itch characteristics, triggers, and relievers in various patient populations are discussed. A brief overview of itch receptors and pathways is provided to help the reader better understand the complexity of the resultant itch sensation. Also, some nonpharmacological and pharmacological antipruritic therapies and their mechanisms of action are included.
Showing the Way: Oncolytic Adenoviruses as Chaperones of Immunostimulatory Adjuncts (2016)

Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) are increasingly recognized as vectors for immunotherapy in the treatment of various solid tumors. The myriads of advantages of using adenovirus include targeted specificity upon infection and selective replication, which lead to localized viral burst, exponential spread of OAds, and antitumor effect. OAds can also induce a strong immune reaction due to the massive release of tumor antigens upon cytolysis and the presence of viral antigens. This review will highlight recent advances in adenoviral vectors expressing immunostimulatory effectors, such as GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor), interferon-α, interleukin-12, and CD40L. We will also discuss the combination of OAds with other immunotherapeutic strategies and describe the current understanding of how adenoviral vectors interact with the immune system to eliminate cancer cells.
Reaction of Acylated Homoserine Lactone Bacterial Signaling Molecules with Oxidized Halogen Antimicrobials (2001)

Oxidized halogen antimicrobials, such as hypochlorous and hypobromous acids, have been used extensively for microbial control in industrial systems. Recent discoveries have shown that acylated homoserine lactone cell-to-cell signaling molecules are important for biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting that biofouling can be controlled by interfering with bacterial cell-to-cell communication. This study was conducted to investigate the potential for oxidized halogens to react with acylated homoserine lactone-based signaling molecules. Acylated homoserine lactones containing a 3-oxo group were found to rapidly react with oxidized halogens, while acylated homoserine lactones lacking the 3-oxo functionality did not react. The Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 bioassay was used to determine the effects of such reactions on acylated homoserine lactone activity. The results demonstrated that 3-oxo acyl homoserine lactone activity was rapidly lost upon exposure to oxidized halogens; however, acylated homoserine lactones lacking the 3-oxo group retained activity. Experiments with the marine alga Laminaria digitata demonstrated that natural haloperoxidase systems are capable of mediating the deactivation of acylated homoserine lactones. This may illustrate a natural defense mechanism to prevent biofouling on the surface of this marine alga. The Chromobacterium violaceum activity assay illustrates that reactions between 3-oxo acylated homoserine lactone molecules and oxidized halogens do occur despite the presence of biofilm components at much greater concentrations. This work suggests that oxidized halogens may control biofilm not only via a cidal mechanism, but also by possibly interfering with 3-oxo acylated homoserine lactone-based cell signaling.
A Novel Location-Service Protocol Based on $k$-Hop Clustering for Mobile<i>Ad Hoc</i>Networks (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a novel <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$k$</tex></formula>-hop cluster-based location service (KCLS) protocol in mobile <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">ad hoc</emphasis> networks, which is able to well balance the tradeoff between the communication overheads and the accuracy of location information. Other advantages of the proposed KCLS protocol include excellent network scalability and tolerance of link breakage that can significantly reduce communication overheads and the latency caused by route path recovery. The numerical results obtained from both theoretical analysis and simulations have shown that the cost of location management using the KCLS protocol is less than 2% of the location-management cost using the link-state protocol. Especially for a large value of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$k$</tex></formula>, the proposed KCLS protocol is not only able to suppress the increasing rate of the total cost when the number of hosts in the network increases but also increases the hit probability of location service and reduces the passive effect of host mobility on control overhead as well. With good scalability and the capability of self-discovery, the proposed KCLS protocol is adaptable to accommodate most applications in <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">ad hoc</emphasis> networks. </para>