gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and analyzing the influence of chunk size variation on bitrate adaptation in DASH (2017)

Recently, HTTP-based adaptive video streaming has been widely adopted in the Internet. Up to now, HTTP-based adaptive video streaming is standardized as Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH), where a client-side video player can dynamically pick the bitrate level according to the perceived network conditions. Actually, not only the available bandwidth is varying, but also the chunk sizes in the same bitrate level significantly fluctuate, which also influences the bitrate adaptation. However, existing bitrate adaptation algorithms do not accurately involve the chunk size variation, leading to performance losses. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the influence of chunk size variation on bitrate adaptation performance. Based on DASH system features, we build a general model describing the playback buffer evolution. Applying stochastic theories, we respectively analyze the influence of the chunk size variation on rebuffering probability and average bitrate level. Furthermore, based on theoretical insights, we provide several recommendations for algorithm designing and rate encoding, and also propose a simple bitrate adaptation algorithm. Extensive simulations verify our insights as well as the efficiency of the proposed recommendations and algorithm.
Central Masking and Neural Activity in the Cochlear Nucleus (1971)

Central masking occurs when the test sound is presented to one ear and the masking sound to the other. The arising threshold shift is very small and rarely exceeds 10 dB. It is maximum when the masking sound is presented in bursts and the threshold is determined at the onset of the bursts. The threshold shift rapidly decreases with the time delay and also as the frequency difference between the test and masking sound increases. A simple theory of central masking is developed on the basis of assumptions that are derived from independent psychophysical and physiological experiments. The theory makes it possible to calculate typical characteristics of single units in the eighth nerve and of certain neural populations of the cochlear nucleus and the medial superior olive. In the present article theoretical and experimental characteristics of cochlear-nucleus units are compared along the intensity, time, and frequency scales. The agreement is practically complete at low and moderate sound pressure levels. Central masking experiments may become an indirect tool in the investigation of the normal and pathological auditory nervous system.RésuméLe masquage central se produit quand le son test est présenté à une oreille et le son masquant à l'autre. La variation du seuil auditif est très petite et dépasse rarement 10 dB. Elle est au maximum quand le son masquant est intermittent et quand le seuil est déterminé au commencement de chaque impulsion. La variation du seuil diminue rapidement avec le délai temporel et avec l'augmentation de la différence de fréquence entre le son test et le son masquant. Une théorie simple du masquage central est présentée sur la base de suppositions dérivées d'expériences indépendantes en psychophysique et en physiologie. La théorie rend possible le calcul des caractéristiques typiques des unités dans le huitième nerf et de certaines populations neurales du nucleus cochléaire et de l'olive médiane supérieure. Dans notre article les caractéristiques théoriques et expérimentales des unités du nucleus cochléaire sont comparées sur les échelles de fréquence, d'intensité et de temps. L'accord est pratiquement complet aux niveaux bas et modérés de la pression sonore. Les expériences de masquage central pourraient devenir une méthode indirecte dans l'investigation du système nerveux auditif normal ou pathologique.
Fast Acquisition and Reconstruction of Optical Coherence Tomography Images via Sparse Representation (2013)

In this paper, we present a novel technique, based on compressive sensing principles, for reconstruction and enhancement of multi-dimensional image data. Our method is a major improvement and generalization of the multi-scale sparsity based tomographic denoising (MSBTD) algorithm we recently introduced for reducing speckle noise. Our new technique exhibits several advantages over MSBTD, including its capability to simultaneously reduce noise and interpolate missing data. Unlike MSBTD, our new method does not require an a priori high-quality image from the target imaging subject and thus offers the potential to shorten clinical imaging sessions. This novel image restoration method, which we termed sparsity based simultaneous denoising and interpolation (SBSDI), utilizes sparse representation dictionaries constructed from previously collected datasets. We tested the SBSDI algorithm on retinal spectral domain optical coherence tomography images captured in the clinic. Experiments showed that the SBSDI algorithm qualitatively and quantitatively outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
Development of a multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay for on-site diagnosis of SARS CoV-2 (2021)

A newly identified coronavirus, designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), has spread rapidly from its epicenter in China to more than 150 countries across six continents. In this study, we have designed three reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) primer sets to detect the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), Envelope (E) and Nucleocapsid protein (N) genes of SARS CoV-2. For one tube reaction, the detection limits for five combination SARS CoV-2 LAMP primer sets (RdRP/E, RdRP/N, E/N, RdRP/E/N and RdRP/N/Internal control (actin beta)) were evaluated with a clinical nasopharyngeal swab sample. Among the five combination, the RdRP/E and RdRP/N/IC multiplex LAMP assays showed low detection limits. The sensitivity and specificity of the RT-LAMP assay were evaluated and compared to that of the widely used Allplex™ 2019-nCoV Assay (Seegene, Inc., Seoul, South Korea) and PowerChek™ 2019-nCoV Real-time PCR kit (Kogenebiotech, Seoul, South Korea) for 130 clinical samples from 91 SARS CoV-2 patients and 162 NP specimens from individuals with (72) and without (90) viral respiratory infections. The multiplex RdRP (FAM)/N (CY5)/IC (Hex) RT-LAMP assay showed comparable sensitivities (RdRP: 93.85%, N: 94.62% and RdRP/N: 96.92%) to that of the Allplex™ 2019-nCoV Assay (100%) and superior to those of PowerChek™ 2019-nCoV Real-time PCR kit (RdRP: 92.31%, E: 93.85% and RdRP/E: 95.38%).
Wettability of Liquid Tin on Solid Copper (1973)

For obtaining good joints by soldering, a wettability of liquid metal on the solid metal surface, related to solder ability, is one of the most important factors, and the wettability is accelerated by using a suitable flux and atmosphere. In atmosphere soldering the flow of molten solder will be retarded by oxide films on base metals formed by a small amount of oxygen in atmosphere.In this study a wetting phenomenon of liquid tin on solid copper was clarified in relation to soldering, and the effects of additional elements to pure tin and oxide films on the base metal were mainly examined as the basic factors affecting the wettability. Li, Na and P were selected as additional elements to pure tin for making soldering more efficient. For the wettability test of an oxidized copper base metal, the reaction furnace which keeps the oxygen partial pressure in its atmosphere above the dissociation pressure of Cu2O was employed to preserve oxide films at the experimental temperature.It was clarified in this experiment that the activated tin alloys containing Li, Na and P as additional elements showed better wettability, and the effect of P addition was excellent. The spreading area of liquid tin decreases owing to the presence of oxide films, and the spreading area on oxidized copper with Cu2O (600 Å in thickness) was approximately 50% of that on pure copper at 340°C.
Servotrackwriter with improved positioning system (1997)

An optical noncontact method eliminates the resonances generated by mechanical interaction of the HDA arm with a conventional pushpin. Errors due to air turbulence in a laser interferometer are avoided by using an encoder with one nanometer resolution.
Patient Education and Treatment Strategies Implemented at a Pharmacist‐Managed Hepatitis C Virus Clinic (2005)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health concern. Approximately 4 million people in the United States have been infected with the virus, and up to 85% of them will develop chronic infection. Chronic HCV infection has often been associated with progression of hepatic fibrosis and, in some cases, cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. The standard of care is combination therapy with pegylated interferon (peginterferon) alfa plus ribavirin. More than 50% of patients with HCV treated with combination therapy achieve a sustained viral response, defined as undetectable hepatitis C viral RNA 6 months after the end of therapy. Effective patient education and drug therapy management are critical in enabling patients to adhere to the treatment regimen, which is either 24 or 48 weeks long, depending on the virus strain. The drug regimen is associated with several possible adverse events as well as weekly subcutaneous administration (of peginterferon alfa). Frequent monitoring of patients and, often, adjustments in the dosage of one or both components of the therapy are necessary during the treatment course. Strategies used by clinical pharmacists at an HCV clinic are discussed that can facilitate a successful treatment outcome for patients with HCV treated with combination therapy, while enabling them to maintain a reasonable quality of life.
A Review of Acetol: Application and Production (2011)

Problem statement: Acetol is used as organic intermediates because it contains both hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups and mainly use to produce polyols and acrolein. It also widely uses as reduced dyes and skin tanning agent. The commercially used acetol is made from petroleum-based that leads to high cost of production. Approach: This review highlighted applications of acetol and established methods and factors affecting acetol selectivity. Global market of acetol and its contribution in Malaysia were also surveyed. Results: Multiple ways which was through dehydration of glycerol or dehydrogenation of polyols and sugar alcohols could be applied to produce acetol. Conclusion: The approach using glycerol as feedstock since its economic viable in the presence of metal supported acidic catalyst is the very promising and reliable because it's high conversion and selectivity. The production under optimum conditions still remained as an open challenge to all researchers.
On measurement accuracy of lubricant thicknesses on sliders by ellipsometry (2010)

Transferred lubricant will affect IIMS and deteriorate flying stability, causing overall system reliability issues. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately determine the transferred lubricant thicknesses on sliders. Because the slider optical constants - vary with the measured spot, the measurement accuracy is a critical concern for ellipsometry application in measuring lubricant thicknesses on sliders. This paper investigates the measurement accuracy of lubricant thicknesses on sliders based on uncertainty propagation analysis and experimental studies. The results reveal that elliopsometry can't work out the correct lubricant thicknesses on slider.
Novel Difunctional Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Agent for the Synthesis of Telechelic and ABA Triblock Methacrylate and Acrylate Copolymers (2007)

The design of a novel difunctional chain transfer agent (CTA) based on the propagating core (R group) approach is detailed. Successful synthesis of ABA block copolymers of poly(butyl methacrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(butyl methacrylate) and poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(butyl acrylate) with targeted molecular weight and polydisperity indices in the range 1.2−1.4 is reported. The effect of free radical initiator concentration with respect to CTA concentration on block efficiency is investigated and lower concentrations were found to increase reaction time, but significantly reduce termination reactions. The consequence of difunctionality on homo and block extension polymerizations is discussed, with the polymerization of methyl and butyl methacrylate being more controlled than butyl acrylate.
Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer: Ongoing Clinical Trials (2013)

Modulation of a patient's immune system so that it acts against lung cancer cells has not been successful in the past decades. Advances in our understanding of the immune response to tumors resulted in the development of different kinds of novel immunotherapeutic agents. This has resulted in the development of two major approaches. First, antigen-specific immunotherapy or cancer vaccination, with the MAGE-A3 vaccine in resected early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the L-BLP25 vaccine in locally advanced NSCLC after chemoradiotherapy and belagenpumatucel-L and the TG4010 vaccine in advanced-stage NSCLC. Second, non-antigen-specific immunotherapy or cancer immunomodulation is reviewed, including how monoclonal antibodies modulate the interaction between antigen-presenting cells, T-lymphocytes and tumor cells (e.g., antibodies against CTLA-4, or against PD-1 receptor or its ligands). Recent Phase II trials with these treatments have shown promising results of efficacy and tolerability, which has led to testing in several large Phase III trials. Some of these are fully recruited, while others are still ongoing, and important results are be expected in the near future.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide(s-CO2) Power Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery: A Review from Thermodynamic Perspective (2020)

Supercritical CO2 power cycles have been deeply investigated in recent years. However, their potential in waste heat recovery is still largely unexplored. This paper presents a critical review of engineering background, technical challenges, and current advances of the s-CO2 cycle for waste heat recovery. Firstly, common barriers for the further promotion of waste heat recovery technology are discussed. Afterwards, the technical advantages of the s-CO2 cycle in solving the abovementioned problems are outlined by comparing several state-of-the-art thermodynamic cycles. On this basis, current research results in this field are reviewed for three main applications, namely the fuel cell, internal combustion engine, and gas turbine. For low temperature applications, the transcritical CO2 cycles can compete with other existing technologies, while supercritical CO2 cycles are more attractive for medium- and high temperature sources to replace steam Rankine cycles. Moreover, simple and regenerative configurations are more suitable for transcritical cycles, whereas various complex configurations have advantages for medium- and high temperature heat sources to form cogeneration system. Finally, from the viewpoints of in-depth research and engineering applications, several future development directions are put forward. This review hopes to promote the development of s-CO2 cycles for waste heat recovery.
Cancer-stromal interactions (2011)

It has been known for a long time that the interaction between cancer cells and tissue microenvironment plays a major role in cancer development, progression and metastasis. The biochemical aspect of cancer-stromal interactions, however, is less appreciated. This short review article first provides a brief summary of the communications between cancer cells and the tissue microenvironment by direct cell-cell interactions and by soluble factors, and then describes several biochemical pathways that are important for the interaction between stromal and cancer cells with respect to energy metabolism, redox balance, cell survival and drug resistance. The potential therapeutic implications of abolishing stromal protective mechanisms to overcome drug resistance are also discussed.
The Steam And Gas Push (SAGP) (1999)

Abstract While heavy oils can be produced by horizontal wells at economic rates, the extent of recovery is small because of loss of drive and/or watering out of the production. In typical cases a recovery of only a few per cent of the OOIP is achievable. SAGD overcomes these problems by allowing high production rates with only a small drawdown. The reservoir pressure is maintained by the injection of the steam and operation without steam coning is practicable; very high recoveries are normally obtained. In conventional SAGD the depleted reservoir becomes filled with steam at the saturation temperature corresponding to the operating pressure-typically 200 to 250 ° C. Large quantities of steam are required to heat the depleted reservoir, the reservoir surrounding the steam chamber and, particularly with thin reservoirs, the overburden. With high quality, thick reservoirs SORs of about 2.5 - 3 are obtained but in thinner reservoirs, and in reservoirs with lower oil saturations, SORs are much higher and the process is uneconomic. The problem is compounded by the steam chamber having long sloping boundaries that extend the heated area. In this paper it is shown that it is not necessary for the whole steam chamber to be at a uniform high temperature. Only the lowest part, where the coning tendency is greatest, needs to be at the highest temperature. High temperatures in the upper part of the chamber are an "overkill" that results in wasted heat. It is proposed that the SAGD process be modified by injecting noncondensible gas, such as natural gas, with the steam from a horizontal injection well somewhat above the producer. Gas accumulates in the chamber above the injector and lowers the temperature. Considerable savings can be made by this approach without a substantial decline in performance. In one example it is shown that the heat stored in the chamber per cubic metre of produced oil will be only 62% of that for conventional SAGD and that the heat lost to the overburden will be a very much smaller fraction. This concept should greatly extend the range of reservoirs that can be produced economically. Introduction For the efficient and economic recovery of heavy oils it is necessary to employ means for facilitating the flow of the viscous fluid through the reservoir. Not only is it necessary to offset the effect of very high oil viscosity by providing extended contact and/or viscosity reduction by heating, but it is also necessary to maintain the drive needed to move the oil as the reservoir becomes depleted. Some approaches such as the use of long horizontal wells or cyclic steaming are effective in promoting flow but only produce limited recovery. Steamflooding and, more recently, SAGD also maintain reservoir drive and allow high recoveries. However, because of their considerable heat requirements, these processes are limited in their economic use to higher quality reservoirs. It is the purpose of this paper to describe a new concept for the production of heavy oils that is a modification of the SAGD process(1–5).
ParFiSys (1996)

article Free Access Share on ParFiSys: a parallel file system for MPP Authors: J. Carretero Facultad de Informática, Campus de Montegancedo, e-28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España Facultad de Informática, Campus de Montegancedo, e-28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, EspañaView Profile , F. Pérez Facultad de Informática, Campus de Montegancedo, e-28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España Facultad de Informática, Campus de Montegancedo, e-28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, EspañaView Profile , P. de Miguel Facultad de Informática, Campus de Montegancedo, e-28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España Facultad de Informática, Campus de Montegancedo, e-28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, EspañaView Profile , F. García Facultad de Informática, Campus de Montegancedo, e-28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España Facultad de Informática, Campus de Montegancedo, e-28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, EspañaView Profile , L. Alonso Facultad de Informática, Campus de Montegancedo, e-28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España Facultad de Informática, Campus de Montegancedo, e-28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, EspañaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 30Issue 2April 1996 pp 74–80https://doi.org/10.1145/232302.232316Published:01 April 1996Publication History 12citation126DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations12Total Downloads126Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Mechanism for Initial Stage of Selective Tungsten Growth Employing a WF<sub>6</sub> and SiH<sub>4</sub> Mixture (1991)

Precise control of the interface reaction between adsorbates and the solid surface is now becoming a key issue for thin film growth technology. In this paper, the importance of electronic interaction in selective thin film growth has been demonstrated for the first time for the growth of tungsten films. It has been found that the dissociation of adsorbed molecules due to electron transfer from the substrate plays a crucial role in realizing the selectivity of tungsten growth.
White-light emission from a blend of CdSeS nanocrystals of different Se:S ratio (2007)

CdSeS nanocrystals with different bandgap energies have been synthesized by the colloidal method. The solution blend of blue-, green- and red-emitting CdSeS nanocrystals, in appropriate proportions, showed strong white emission of different shades on excitation with a UV source. We observed that the CIE coordinate of the spectrum of a particular blend is independent of excitation wavelength. We also observed that the contribution of self-absorption in energy loss in the blend of CdSeS nanocrystals is not very significant. A white-light-emitting LED has been fabricated by coating a blend mixed with polymethylmethacrylate on a commercial UV-LED.