gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a method of predicting high-accident and high-violation drivers. (1967)

THIS RESEARCH HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT DRIVERS WITH DIFFERENT DRIVING HISTORIES (THE HIGH- ACCIDENT, THE LOW-ACCIDENT, THE HIGH-VIOLATOR, AND THE BEGINNING DRIVER) EXHIBIT MEASURABLY DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS WHEN TESTED ON THE SAME ROUTE IN AN INSTRUMENTED CAR. THE DEVICE USED IN COLLECTING DATA, CALLED A DRIVOMETER, RECORDS IN DIGITAL FORM: (1) DRIVER CONTROL ACTIONS, (2) VEHICLE MOTIONS, AND (3) TRAFFIC EVENTS. THE MEASUREMENTS WERE TAKEN OVER A ROUTE OF APPROXIMATLEY 17 MI. AND REVEALED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE POPULATIONS AND RELIABILITY IN INDIVIDUAL PREDICTION OF ABOUT 2 IN 3. CONSIDERING THE CHANCE FACTOR INVOLVED IN DRIVING RISKS, THIS TECHNIQUE OFFERS AN IMPORTANT STEP IN DRIVER TESTING. /AUTHOR/
Efficacy and safety of intravenous ketamine for the severely handicapped. (1990)

The severely and profoundly mentally and physically handicapped dental patient predominates in the institutional setting today. Many patients still require restorative dentistry, periodontal treatment, and an occasional tooth extraction. In terms of enabling treatment to be performed by the institutional dentist, intravenous agent can be effective but can be accompanied by substantial risks in this population. The anesthetic ketamine was evaluated as a sedative agent for dental treatment in this study.
Space-Optimized Tree: A Connection+Enclosure Approach for the Visualization of Large Hierarchies (2003)

This paper describes a new approach, space-optimized tree, for the visualization and navigation of tree-structured relational data. This technique can be used especially for the display of very large hierarchies in a two-dimensional space. We discuss the advantages and limitations of current techniques of tree visualization. Our strategy is to optimize the drawing of trees in a geometrical plane and maximize the utilization of display space by allowing more nodes and links to be displayed at a limited screen resolution. Space-optimized tree is a connection+ enclosure visualization approach that recursively positions children of a subtree into polygon areas and still uses a node–link diagram to present the entire hierarchical structure. To be able to handle the navigation of large hierarchies, we use a new hybrid viewing technique that combines two viewing methods, the modified semantic zooming and a focus+ context technique. While the semantic zooming technique can enlarge a particular viewing area by filtering out the rest of tree structure from the visualization, the focus+context technique allows the user to interactively focus, view and browse the entire visual structure with a reasonable high-density display.
A genetic algorithm for scheduling tasks in a real-time distributed system (2002)

Real time systems must often handle several independent periodic macro tasks, each one represented by a general task graph, including communications and precedence constraints. The implementation of such applications on a distributed system communicating via a bus, requires task assignment and scheduling as well as the taking into account of the communication delays. As periodicity implies macro task deadlines, the problem of finding a feasible schedule is critical. The paper addresses this NP hard problem resolution, by using a genetic algorithm under offline and non preemptive scheduling assumptions. The algorithm performance is evaluated on a large simulation set, and compared to classical list based algorithms, a simulated annealing algorithm and a specific clustering algorithm.
Inter-and-intra data center VM-placement for energy-efficient large-Scale cloud systems (2012)

Data centers play the crucial role in the delivery of Cloud services by enabling on-demand access to the shared resources such as software, platform, and infrastructure. Virtual Machine (VM) allocation is one of the challenging tasks in the data center management since user requirements, typically expressed as SLAs, have to be met with the minimum operational expenditure. Despite their huge processing and storage facilities, data centers are among the major contributors of the GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions of the IT services. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach for a large-scale Cloud system where the Cloud services are provisioned by several data centers interconnected over the backbone network. We propose a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation that aims at virtualizing the backbone topology and placing the VMs in data centers with the objective of minimum power consumption. We compare our proposed solution with a benchmark MILP model which selects the closest data centers that can accommodate the user requests taking into account the CPU, memory, and bandwidth capacities of the residing physical hosts. Collected experimental results show the benefit of the proposed management scheme in terms of power consumption, resource utilization, and fairness for medium size data centers.
Joint Bandwidth-Aware Relay Placement and Routing in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2011)

The relay placement problem has been studied extensively in wireless networks. Existing work typically focuses on connectivity to prolong the network time or to achieve fault-tolerance. In contrast, we tackle the problem with the goal of achieving bandwidth sufficiency when real-time multimedia streams need to be sent to the sink. We consider the critical condition of heterogeneous link capacity and transmission range. Besides, we consider the relay placement and routing jointly because routing decides the path on which a stream traverses; and the bandwidth sufficiency depends on both supply (the link capacity) and demand (which streams use the link given the routing paths). We formulate the problem as a new variant of the Steiner tree problem called the heterogeneous bandwidth Steiner routing problem. Extensive simulations show that our scheme reduces the number of relays by an average of 44% compared to the widely used minimum spanning tree based approximation algorithm for relay placement. We also found that considering heterogeneous range and rate is beneficial in relay placement. Compared to the uniform range and rate placement algorithm, our scheme reduces the number of relays by 25%-39%. Besides, our scheme notably improves the movement efficiency when applied to a real-time multi-robot exploration strategy.
Expression, purification and characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase from tomato in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1995)

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene. The successful overexpression and characterization of active ACC oxidase from tomato has been achieved. PCR was used to insert the corrected cDNA coding for the tomato ACC oxidase into the pET-11a expression vector. Cloning of the resultant construct in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysE gave transformants which expressed ACC oxidase at levels greater than 30% of soluble protein under optimized conditions. When induced by addition of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) at 37 degrees C the ACC oxidase expressed was less soluble and less active than when induced at 27 degrees C. The enzyme was purified to near homogeneity by a three-step chromatographic procedure. The specific activity of the purified recombinant ACC oxidase was typically 1.3-1.9 mol of ethylene/mol of enzyme per min, higher than values reported for native enzyme. Like the native enzyme it displayed a requirement for ferrous iron and ascorbate, and CO2 was an activator. The ability to discriminate between racemic diastereomers of 1-amino-2-ethyl cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid was demonstrated. The enzyme was found to have a loose specificity for ascorbate, showing apparent preference for D-ascorbate and 5,6-O-isopropylidene L-ascorbate rather than L-ascorbate. The addition of catalase, dithiothreitol and BSA to incubation mixtures all resulted in significant increases in activity. When treated with diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) under mildly acidic conditions, the enzyme rapidly lost activity. Comparison of the rate of inactivation with the increase in absorbance at 240 nm gave results consistent with the modification of two to three histidine residues at the active site, although the possibility of additional modification of other nucleophilic residues cannot be excluded. Inactivation was largely prevented by the addition of substrates and ferrous iron, implying that DEPC treatment results in the modification of active-site histidines, which act as ligands for ferrous iron. CO2 offered no protection against DEPC inactivation, either in the absence or presence of substrates and/or ferrous iron.
A deletion of the HBII-85 class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) is associated with hyperphagia, obesity and hypogonadism (2009)

Genetic studies in patients with severe early-onset obesity have provided insights into the molecular and physiological pathways that regulate body weight in humans. We report a 19-year-old male with hyperphagia and severe obesity, mild learning difficulties and hypogonadism, in whom diagnostic tests for Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) had been negative. We carried out detailed clinical and metabolic phenotyping of this patient and investigated the genetic basis of this obesity syndrome using Agilent 185 k array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and Affymetrix 6.0 genotyping arrays. The identified deletion was validated using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and long-range PCR, followed by breakpoint sequencing which enabled precise localization of the deletion. We identified a approximately 187 kb microdeletion at chromosome 15q11-13 that encompasses non-coding small nucleolar RNAs (including HBII-85 snoRNAs) which were not expressed in peripheral lymphocytes from the patient. Characterization of the clinical phenotype revealed increased ad libitum food intake, normal basal metabolic rate when adjusted for fat-free mass, partial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and growth failure. We have identified a novel deletion on chromosome 15q11-13 in an individual with hyperphagia, obesity, hypogonadism and other features associated with PWS, which is normally caused by deficiency of several paternally expressed imprinted transcripts within chromosome 15q11-13, a region that includes multiple protein-coding genes as well as several non-coding snoRNAs. These findings provide direct evidence for the role of a particular family of non-coding RNAs, the HBII-85 snoRNA cluster, in human energy homeostasis, growth and reproduction.
Features of the hydrosilylation of polyfunctional methylvinyl- and methylhydrosiloxanes (1987)

A study of the reactivity of polyfunctional methylvinyl- and methylhydrosiloxanes in the presence of platinum catalysts has shown that the reactivity of the Si-CH=CH/sub 2/ groups is unchanged, but that of the Si-H groups decreases as the extent of reaction of the functional groups increases. Examination of the influence of the type of catalysts, comprising H/sub 2/PtCl/sub 6/ x 6H/sub 2/O and tetraorganoammonium platinum salts, on the reactions of polyfunctional methylvinyl- and methylhydrosiloxanes has shown that the catalytic activity of the salts is lower than that of H/sub 2/PtCl/sub 6/ x 6H/sub 2/O, and varies over a wide range with changes in the organic radical in the tetraorganoammonium cation, the oxidation state of the platinum, and the nature of the acido ligand. In the presence of these tetraorganoammonium platinum salts, addition of silicon hydrides to methylvinylcycloxiloxanes takes place predominantly in the ..beta..-position. The PMR spectra of the addition products were obtained on Bruker WM-90 and WM-250 instruments, operating frequencies 90 and 250 MHz, in CCl/sub 4/ and CDCl/sub 3/, cyclohexane being used as internal standard.
Approaches To F.I.R. System Identification With Noisy Data Using Higher-order Statistics (1990)

In this paper we address the problem of estimating the parameters of a moving average (MA) model given the noisy observations of the system output. The system is &lven by an i.i.d. (indefx?ndent and identically distributed) non-Gaussian sequence that is not observed. The noise is additive, i.i.d. and possibly non-Gaussiarr. We first briefly review the existing linear parametric approaches to tfds problem. Chief among these are: the linear least-sqmwes solution due to Giannakis and Mendel (GM) (ICA$SP 1987), the ARMA modeling approach due to Nikias (IEEE Trans. ASSP, April 1988), and the solution due to Giannakis (IEEE Proc,, Sept. 1987). We observe that in the presence of the non-Gaussian measurement noise the Nikias' solution may be biased. In the presence of any measurement noise the GM approach yields biased solutions. Both the Nikias' and the Giannakis' solutions neglect the second-order statistics, The Giannakis' solution yields high-variance estimates, and is unstable under order mismatch. We focus on the GM approach and show that following their basic approach, sevemf other useful linear relations maybe obtained between the system parameters and the output statistics. Using these relations we modify the GM solution to obmin consistent parameter estimates in measurement noise. Fhmfly, we investigate the dkcct, nonlinear least-squares solution to the simultaneous second- and highcrorder cumulant matching problem. Simulations show that this approach yields the most accurate estimates.
Skin pressure measurements on various mattress surfaces in cancer patients. (1983)

Twenty-eight patients with histologically proven carcinoma were studied on two dynamic and six static mattress surfaces to determine which mattress surface would provide the least skin surface pressure at the sacrum, dorsal spine, trochanter and heels. Measurements were taken with an especially designed inflatable bladder, and the mean of the maximum skin surface pressures was determined for the static and dynamic surfaces in the inflated and deflated state. Using less than or equal to 32 mm Hg as the skin surface pressure at which the arteriolarcapillary blood flow is interrupted, we concluded that the mud gel bed generally tended to record the lowest skin surface pressure for all of the sites. Although some of the static surfaces recorded pressures less than or equal to 32 mm Hg at the sacrum and dorsal spine, the deflated dynamic surfaces were superior to the remaining static surfaces in reducing the skin surface pressures.
Efficient acceleration structure layout for 64-bit many-core architectures (2010)

A lot of rendering solutions use an acceleration structure to reduce the complexity of solving geometric\nproximity search problems. Although acceleration structures are well studied, data exceeding 32 bit address\nspace require an acceleration structure with special properties, such as compact memory layout, efficient\ntraversal capability, memory address space independence, parallel construction capability and 32/64 bit\nefficiency.\nWe propose a specific memory layout for a kd-tree and methods of processing that data structure handling\nmassive models with the highest efficiency possible. The components of that are easily applied to other\nhierarchical acceleration structure types as well.
Thermal breaking systems for metal stud walls -- Can metal stud walls perform as well as wood stud walls (1997)

Metal stud wall systems for residential buildings are gaining in popularity. Strong thermal bridges caused by highly conductive metal studs degrade the thermal performance of such walls. Several wall configurations have been developed to improve their thermal performance. The authors tried to evaluate some of these wall systems. The thermal performance of metal stud walls is frequently compared with that of wood stud walls. A reduction of the in-cavity R-value caused by the wood studs is about 10% in wood stud walls. In metal stud walls, thermal bridges generated by the metal components reduce their thermal performance by up to 55%. Today, metal stud walls are believed to be considerably less thermally effective than similar systems made of wood because steel has much higher thermal conductivity than wood. Relatively high R-values may be achieved by installing insulating sheathing, which is now widely recommended as the remedy for weak thermal performance of metal stud walls. A series of promising metal stud wall configurations was analyzed. Some of these walls were designed and tested by the authors, some were tested in other laboratories, and some were developed and forgotten a long time ago. Several types of thermal breaking systems were used inmore » these walls. Two- and three-dimensional finite-difference computer simulations were used to analyze 20 metal stud wall configurations. Also, a series of hot-box tests were conducted on several of these walls. Test results for 22 additional metal stud walls were analyzed. Most of these walls contained conventional metal studs. Commonly used fiberglass and EPS were used as insulation materials. The most promising metal stud wall configurations have reductions in the center-of-cavity R-values of less than 20%.« less
Human Papillomavirus-Related Head and Neck Cancer (2017)

Human papillomavirus(HPV)-related head and neck cancer is recognized as a distinct tumor entity with rising incidence reported for several countries. These tumors arise from squamous cells, typically in the oropharynx. In contrast to cancer associated with other risk factors, HPV-related cancer is driven by viral oncoprotein activity and has individual profiles regarding protein expression, and genetic and epigenetic alterations. Molecular characteristics are p16IN4A overexpression, absence of p53 inactivating mutations, and PI3K/AKT and Wnt pathway modulation. Patients with HPV-related head and neck cancer have improved survival compared to those with HPV-negative tumors, and p16INK4A staining has been introduced into tumor staging recently. However, no specific or toxicity-reduced treatment modalities have been established for this entity so far. Although the still incomplete and partially inconsistent data in this field needs further study, particular features of HPV-related cancers such as specific microRNA expression, immunology, or gene methylation patterns certainly have the potential to be implemented in future diagnostic and therapeutic concepts.
Synthetic routes to fluorenone, indenopyirdine, 4h-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans and pyridine derivatives. (2001)

alpha,beta-unsaturated nitriles 1 reacted with compounds 3,4 and 5 to give the fluorenones 8, 4H-naphthopyrans 9 and the pyridines 11 respectively. Reaction of 3a with benzaldehyde in NH4OH afforded the indenopyridine 14. Reaction of 3a with 1-aryl-2-nitoethene 15 afforded the fluorenone 17. Condensation of 2-arylideneindane-1,3-diones 18 with beta-aminocrotononitrile 19 gave the indenopyridines 20.
Comparison of Kodak Surecell Chlamydia Test Kit with culture for the diagnosis of chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants (1990)

The accuracy of the Surecell Chlamydia Test Kit (Kodak Clinical Products, Rochester, N.Y.) in detecting neonatal conjunctival infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis was determined by comparison of this enzyme immunoassay with the isolation of C. trachomatis in tissue culture. Kodak Surecell is a rapid monoclonal antibody-based membrane capture enzyme immunoassay which can be processed in the office of a physician. The sensitivity and specificity compared to culture in detecting C. trachomatis in conjunctival specimens from infants with conjunctivitis were 93 and 96%, respectively. The test does not require specialized equipment or trained personnel and would be ideal for physicians who see low numbers of infants with possible chlamydial conjunctivitis in their offices.
Increased Expression of Glutathione S-Transferase-π in the Islets of Patients with Primary Chronic Pancreatitis But Not Secondary Chronic Pancreatitis (2001)

The mechanism of tissue alteration in chronic pancreatitis (CP) is still unclear. Different hypotheses have been discussed, including increasing oxidant stress in the acinar cells, often as a result of exposure to xenobiotics. To evaluate the role of oxidative stress in CP, the authors investigated the expression of the drug-metabolizing phase II enzyme, glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi), in the pancreatic tissue of patients with CP and compared it with the healthy pancreatic tissue from age-matched donors. Pancreatic tissue from patients with secondary CP resulting from ductal obstruction by pancreatic cancer (PC) was also examined. The percentage of cells immunoreacting with anti-GST-pi was counted within 15 randomly selected islets in each slide of the three groups. In all specimens, ductal and ductular cells, and in PC, cancer cells, expressed GST-pi in a moderate intensity. Acinar cells did not stain. Various numbers of islet cells in each of the three groups were stained strongly. More islet cells expressed GST-pi in CP (42%) than in healthy pancreatic tissue (16%, p < 0.001) or PC (17%, p < 0.001). Our results imply an important role of islet cells in the metabolism of substances, which are the substrate for GST-pi, and lend support to the hypothesis of oxidative stress as the cause of CP.
Waveguiding properties of surface states in photonic crystals (2006)

We propose and analyze novel surface-state-based waveguides in bandgap photonic crystals. We discuss the surface-mode band structure, the field localization, and the effect of imperfections on the waveguiding properties of the surface modes. We demonstrate that surface-state-based waveguides can be used to achieve directional emission out of the waveguide. We also discuss the application of the surface-state waveguides as efficient light couplers for conventional photonic crystal waveguides.
Detection of mutations in GC-rich DNA by bisulphite denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (1998)

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) in combination with PCR and 'GC-clamping' has proven highly efficient as a method for detection of DNA sequence differences. Due to strand dissociation phenomena, however, its use has been limited to the analysis of sequences with a relatively low content of GC pairs. This paper describes how treatment of template DNA with sodium bisulphite drastically lowers the melting temperature of very GC-rich sequences and renders them amenable to DGGE analysis. We demonstrate the use of bisulphite DGGE for rapid and efficient detection of mutations in the p16(INK4/CDKN2) tumour suppressor gene.
Evidence for a chromosomal location of polydnavirus DNA in the ichneumonid parasitoid Hyposoter fugitivus (1991)

Evidence is presented in support of a chromosomal location for sequences homologous to polydnavirus DNA in the ichneumonid parasitoid Hyposoter fugitivus. In this study, four different viral genome segments were cloned and used as probes against genomic DNA extracted from male parasitoids and digested with a variety of restriction enzymes. Each probe typically identified a single off-size fragment (OSF) in the case of enzymes not cutting viral genome segments, while two OSFs were generated by enzymes cutting at one and two sites. While extra OSFs were occasionally observed, these were invariably found to be due to the presence of polymorphic restriction sites in flanking chromosomal DNA. Analysis of these data suggests that a single, stable chromosomal locus exists for sequences homologous to each viral genome segment; the data also indicate that viral and cognate parasitoid genomic DNAs are largely if not entirely colinear.
Advancing the retail endgame: public perceptions of retail policy interventions (2013)

Public support for more progressive 'endgame' retail measures could catalyse policy action which, in turn, could offer greater protection to young people and accelerate declines in smoking prevalence. Mandatory tobacco-free retail zones around schools, and requiring stores selling tobacco to stock cessation products received strong support, even among daily smokers; both measures would reduce youth exposure to tobacco while providing smokers with better access to cessation aids.