gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excitonic emissions from hexagonal GaN epitaxial layers (1996)

Excitonic photoluminescence (PL) peaks from hexagonal GaN epilayers were investigated making a connection with the analysis of the photoreflectance spectra. Free exciton emissions associated with transitions from the conduction (Γ7c) band to the A (Γ9v) and B (Γ7uv) valence bands are dominant above 100 K. Values of the full widths at half maximum of them were smaller than the thermal energy kBT up to room temperature, which suggests the dominance of excitons in the PL spectra.
Activation and inhibition of adaptive immune response mediated by mast cells. (2017)

Adaptive immune response plays an important role against bacteria and parasites, a reaction that also involves mast cell (MC) activation which participates in innate and adaptive immunity. In allergic reactions there is a TH2 immune response with generation of allergen-specific IgE antibodies. In MCs, IgE cross-link FcRI high affinity receptor and activate tyrosine kinase proteins, leading to stimulation of NF-κB and AP-1 resulting in the release of a number of cytokines/chemokines and other compounds. Through their proteolytic pathways, MCs may process the antigen for presentation to CD4+ cells which release TH2 cytokines and growth factors, which play an important role in asthma, allergy, anaphylaxis and inflammation. Thus, MCs can contribute to adaptive immunity. MCs may also be activated though the TLR-dependent pathway which is controlled by several proteins including myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) which can be inhibited by interleukin (IL)-37. Here, we describe the participation of MCs in adaptive immunity and inflammation, an effect that may be inhibited by IL-37.
Improving the performance of light-sensitive developer-soluble anti-reflective coatings by using adamantyl terpolymers (2009)

In a search for improved resolution and processing latitude for a family of light-sensitive developer-soluble bottom antireflective coatings (BARCs), the structure of the binder terpolymer was altered by incorporating acid-cleavable adamantyl methacrylates. Contrast curves and 193-nm microlithography were then used as tools in developing a novel developer-soluble adamantyl BARC which does not include a photoacid generator (PAG) or quencher, but instead depends on acid diffusing from the exposed resist for development. This formulation eliminates concern about PAG or quencher leaching out of the BARC during application of the photoresist. Resolution for a resist A and the new BARC was 150-nm L/S (1:1) for both 38-nm and 54- to 55-nm BARC thicknesses. Resolution and line shape were comparable to that of the non-adamantyl control BARC with same resist at 55-nm BARC thickness, with both BARCs giving some undercutting using an Amphibian<sup>TM</sup> XIS interferometer for the 193-nm exposures. Light-sensitive adamantyl BARCs that do require inclusion of a PAG for optimum lithography with resist A are also described in this paper. The series of developer-soluble adamantyl BARCs were solution and spin-bowl compatible. The 193-nm optical parameters (n and k) for all adamantyl BARCs were 1.7 and 0.5-0.6, respectively.
Cogging torque minimization technique for multiple-rotor, axial-flux, surface-mounted-PM motors: alternating magnet pole-arcs in facing rotors (2004)

A variety of techniques exist for reducing the cogging torque of conventional radial flux PM machines. Even though some of these techniques can be applied to axial flux machines, manufacturing cost is especially high due to the unique construction of the axial flux machine stator. Consequently, new low cost techniques are desirable for use with axial flux PM machines. This paper introduces a new cogging torque minimization technique for axial flux multiple rotor surface magnet PM motors. First, basic principles of the new technique are explored in this paper. A 3-kW, 8-pole axial flux surface-magnet disc type machine with double-rotor-single-stator is then designed and optimized in order to apply the proposed new method. Optimization of the adjacent magnet pole-arc which results in minimum cogging torque as well as assessment of the effect on the maximum available torque using 3D finite element analysis (FEA) is investigated. The minimized cogging torque is compared with several existing actual machine data and some important conclusions are drawn.
Providing mobile LAN access capability for Bluetooth devices (2003)

In this paper, we design and implement a Bluetooth system with mobile LAN access capability. First, by adding a virtual network interface card (NIC) driver between IP and Bluetooth protocol stack, Bluetooth users can use their Bluetooth devices to access the LAN resources via the Bluetooth access points. Besides, to accommodate with the mobility characteristics in Bluetooth network, we also propose a new handoff scheme. Instead of passively waiting for a handoff indication by the expiration of link supervision timer, in this paper, we detect a handoff actively and promptly by measuring the RSSI (receive signal strength indication) value. In addition, our proposed handoff scheme eliminates the inquiry procedure and only requires paging procedure during a handoff. We have implemented a prototype of Bluetooth system with mobile LAN access capability by our proposed scheme. Experimented results show that the handoff duration is significant reduced than the normal scheme.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and exercise (2007)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rheumatic disease characterized by a variety of symptoms, especially fatigue, pain and reduced quality of life. Physical exercise is a useful tool for improving cardiovascular fitness, reducing metabolic abnormalities and fatigue and improving quality of life. However, very few studies have focused on the relationship between SLE and physical exercise. This paper reviews the main SLE symptoms that can be alleviated by exercising, as well as the results of studies seeking to analyse the exercise capacity and physical training possibilities of SLE patients. Considerations for future research are also discussed.
Propagation of Probabilities, Means, and Variances in Mixed Graphical Association Models (1992)

Abstract A scheme is presented for modeling and local computation of exact probabilities, means, and variances for mixed qualitative and quantitative variables. The models assume that the conditional distribution of the quantitative variables, given the qualitative, is multivariate Gaussian. The computational architecture is set up by forming a tree of belief universes, and the calculations are then performed by local message passing between universes. The asymmetry between the quantitative and qualitative variables sets some additional limitations for the specification and propagation structure. Approximate methods when these are not appropriately fulfilled are sketched. It has earlier been shown how to exploit the local structure in the specification of a discrete probability model for fast and efficient computation, thereby paving the way for exploiting probability-based models as parts of realistic systems for planning and decision support. The purpose of this article is to extend this computational scheme to networks, where some vertices represent entities that are measured on a quantitative and some on a qualitative scale. An extension has the advantage of unifying several known techniques, but allows more flexible and faithful modeling and speeds computation as well. To handle this more general case, the properties of (CG) conditional Gaussian distributions are exploited. A fictitious but simple example is used for illustration throughout the paper, concerned with monitoring emissions from a waste incinerator. From optical measurements of the darkness of the smoke, the concentration of CO2—which are both on a continuous scale—and possible knowledge about qualitative characteristics such as the type of waste burned, one wants to infer about the state of the incinerator and the current emission of heavy metals.
Feasibility of TCP-based dose painting by numbers applied to a prostate case with 18F-Choline PET imaging (2011)

If the distribution of radiobiological parameters within a tumor is known, this model can be used to create a dose-painting by numbers plan which maximizes the TCP. It could be shown, that such a heterogeneous dose distribution is technically feasible.
Mupirocin and Chlorhexidine Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Patients with Community-Onset Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (2012)

Decolonization measures, including mupirocin and chlorhexidine, are often prescribed to prevent Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of high-level mupirocin and chlorhexidine resistance in S. aureus strains recovered from patients with SSTI before and after mupirocin and chlorhexidine administration and to determine whether carriage of a mupirocin- or chlorhexidine-resistant strain at baseline precluded S. aureus eradication. We recruited 1,089 patients with community-onset SSTI with or without S. aureus colonization. In addition to routine care, 483 patients were enrolled in a decolonization trial: 408 received intranasal mupirocin (with or without antimicrobial baths), and 258 performed chlorhexidine body washes. Patients were followed for up to 12 months with repeat colonization cultures. All S. aureus isolates were tested for high-level mupirocin and chlorhexidine resistance. At baseline, 23/1,089 (2.1%) patients carried a mupirocin-resistant S. aureus strain and 10/1,089 (0.9%) patients carried chlorhexidine-resistant S. aureus. Of 4 patients prescribed mupirocin, who carried a mupirocin-resistant S. aureus strain at baseline, 100% remained colonized at 1 month compared to 44% of the 324 patients without mupirocin resistance at baseline (P = 0.041). Of 2 patients prescribed chlorhexidine, who carried a chlorhexidine-resistant S. aureus strain at baseline, 50% remained colonized at 1 month compared to 48% of the 209 patients without chlorhexidine resistance at baseline (P = 1.0). The overall prevalence of mupirocin and chlorhexidine resistance is low in S. aureus isolates recovered from outpatients, but eradication efforts were less successful in patients carrying a mupirocin-resistant S. aureus strain at baseline.
TV program recommendation for groups based on muldimensional TV-anytime classifications (2009)

The advent of Digital TV and Personal Digital Recorders promise to change the way people watch TV. The higher efficiency of digital coding will lead to increasing the number of contents offered to the user, demanding automatic tools for content recommendation. In the other hand, digital recorders will permit a non-linear consumption model, enabling the creation of (automatic) personalized schedules that combine the appealing contents for a specific user or group of users. This paper presents an approach to content recommendation for groups of people, based on TV-Anytime descriptions of TV contents and semantic reasoning techniques.
Transparent resins for 157-nm lithography (2001)

The development of sufficiently transparent resin systems is one of the key elements required for a successful and timely introduction for 157 nm lithography. This paper reports on the Simple Transmission Understanding and Prediction by Incremental Dilution (STUPID) model, a quick back-of-the-envelope increment scheme to estimate the absorption of polymers at 157 nm. A number of promising candidate resins based on norbornenes are discussed, and results with a first 157 nm resin system developed at the University of Austin are presented. The new system is based on copolymers of norbornene-5-methylenehexafluoroisopropanol (NMHFA) and t-butyl norbornene carboxylate (BNC), formulated with an acetal additive obtained by copolymerization of t-butyl norbornene-5-trifluoromethyl-5-carboxylate (BNTC) with carbon monoxide. Lithographic performance of this system extends to 110 nm dense features using standard illumination and a binary mask, or 80 nm semi-dense and 60 nm isolated features with a strong phase shift mask. The dry etch resistance of this resist is found to be slightly lower than APEX-E DUV resist for polysilicon but superior to it for oxide etches.
Apparatus to Measure Thermal Conductivity in Filled Rubber Stocks (1969)

Abstract An instrument to measure thermal conductivity of cured rubber stocks is described. The apparatus can be used with readily available equipment or additional equipment may be purchased. The results obtained are as accurate and precise as those obtained using other instruments and can be done at a rate of three samples per hour. The apparatus is designed around a calibrated heat flux probe which measures the sample's heat flux. The heat flux, the temperature drop across the sample, and the sample thickness values permit conversion of the above data into a thermal conductivity value. Thirteen samples of Butyl rubber in a curing bladder formulation with 40-part loadings of various carbon blacks were prepared and tested. The thermal conductivity values obtained varied from 0.096 to 0.117 (Btu)/(ft 2 ) (hr)(°F/ft) over a range of 95° F to 212° F with an overall relative standard deviation of 1.2%. The thermal conductivity of the above samples were also measured on a modified apparatus over a temperature range of 95° F to 350° F and there was no change in the thermal conductivity values. To check the above measurements, five of the samples were tested on two commercial instruments. The results agreed within 4 per cent. For reasons explained in the paper, we believe our results to be the most accurate.
Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Maternal Plasma in Down Syndrome Pregnancies Using Isobaric Tagging Reagent (iTRAQ) (2010)

Currently no specific biomarkers exist for the screening of pregnancies at risk for Down syndrome (DS). Since a quantitative proteomic approach with isobaric labelling (iTRAQ) has recently been suggested to be highly suitable for the discovery of novel plasma biomarkers, we have now used this method to examine for potential quantitative changes in the plasma proteome of the pregnancies bearing DS fetuses in comparison to normal healthy babies. In our study, we used plasma from six women with DS pregnancies and six with uncomplicated pregnancies care were taken to match cases and controls for gestational and maternal age, as these could be a confounder. In our quantitative proteomics analysis we were able to detect 178 proteins using iTRAQ labelling in conjunction with 4800 MALDI TOF/TOF. Amongst these we observed changes in betaHCG, a known screening marker for DS, indicating that our assay was functional. We found a number of elevated proteins Ig lambda chain C region, serum amyloid P-component, amyloid beta A4, and under expressed proteins like gamma-actin and titin in DS pregnancies. These proteins are also found in the sera of patients with Alzheimer disease, which share similar pathologies of DS. Our study therefore indicates that the iTRAQ labelling approach may be indeed useful for the detection of novel biomarkers.
Authentication tests and disjoint encryption: A design method for security protocols* (2004)

We describe a protocol design process, and illustrate its use by creating ATSPECT, an Authentication Test-based Secure Protocol for Electronic Commerce Transactions. The design process is organized around the authentication tests, a method for protocol verification based on the strand space theory. The authentication tests dictate how randomly generated values such as nonces may be combined with encryption to achieve authentication and freshness. ATSPECT offers functionality and security guarantees akin to the purchase request, payment authorization, and payment capture phases of SET, the secure electronic transaction standard created by the major credit card firms.
DNA interactions with a Methylene Blue redox indicator depend on the DNA length and are sequence specific (2010)

A DNA molecular beacon approach was used for the analysis of interactions between DNA and Methylene Blue (MB) as a redox indicator of a hybridization event. DNA hairpin structures of different length and guanine (G) content were immobilized onto gold electrodes in their folded states through the alkanethiol linker at the 5'-end. Binding of MB to the folded hairpin DNA was electrochemically studied and compared with binding to the duplex structure formed by hybridization of the hairpin DNA to a complementary DNA strand. Variation of the electrochemical signal from the DNA-MB complex was shown to depend primarily on the DNA length and sequence used: the G-C base pairs were the preferential sites of MB binding in the duplex. For short 20 nts long DNA sequences, the increased electrochemical response from MB bound to the duplex structure was consistent with the increased amount of bound and electrochemically readable MB molecules (i.e. MB molecules that are available for the electron transfer (ET) reaction with the electrode). With longer DNA sequences, the balance between the amounts of the electrochemically readable MB molecules bound to the hairpin DNA and to the hybrid was opposite: a part of the MB molecules bound to the long-sequence DNA duplex seem to be electrochemically mute due to long ET distance. The increasing electrochemical response from MB bound to the short-length DNA hybrid contrasts with the decreasing signal from MB bound to the long-length DNA hybrid and allows an "off"-"on" genosensor development.
Prevention and repair of photoaging: sunscreens and retinoids. (1989)

The term photoaging describes the gross and microscopic cutaneous alterations that are a consequence of chronic overexposure to sunlight. These changes include severe damage to the dermal connective tissue matrix and are quite different from those associated with innate chronological aging. Long believed to be irreversibly damaged, photoaged skin has now been shown to undergo significant repair when ultraviolet exposures are stopped. With the hairless mouse as a model, we found that sunscreens could prevent photoaging and also allow natural repair to occur. We also found that topical retinoic acid augmented the repair process.
Pursuit-evasion games in dynamic flow fields via reachability set analysis (2017)

In this paper, we adopt a reachability-based approach to deal with the pursuit-evasion differential game between two players in the presence of dynamic environmental disturbances (e.g., winds, sea currents). We give conditions for the game to be terminated in terms of reachable set inclusions. Level set equations are defined and solved to generate the reachable sets of the pursuer and the evader. The corresponding time-optimal trajectories and optimal strategies can be readily retrieved afterwards. We validate our method by applying it to a pursuit-evasion game in a simple flow field, for which an analytical solution is available. We then implement the proposed scheme to a problem with a more realistic flow field.
Topological analysis of network attack vulnerability (2007)

This talk will discuss issues and methods for survivability of systems under malicious attacks. To protect from such attacks, it is necessary to take steps to prevent attacks from succeeding. At the same time, it is important to recognize that not all attacks can be averted at the outset; attacks that are successful to some degree must be recognized as unavoidable and comprehensive support for identifying and responding to attacks is required.In my talk, I will describe the recent research on attack graphs that represent known attack sequences attackers can use to penetrate computer networks. I will show how attack graphs can be used to compute actual sets of hardening measures that guarantee the safety of given critical resources. Attack graphs can also be used to correlate received alerts, hypothesize missing alerts, and predict future alerts, all at the same time. Thus, they offer a promising solution for administrators to monitor and predict the progress of an intrusion, and take appropriate countermeasures in a timely manner.
Prediction Of Refrigerant Thermodynamic Properties By Equations Of State (1992)

The ability of three equations of state (EOS) for calculating the thermodynamic properties of refrigerants has been studied for 35 pure component refrigerants. Three equations of state studied were the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK), Peng-Robinson (PR) and Parameters From Group Contribution (PFGC). For each refrigerant, the vapor pressure, saturated vapor volume, saturated liquid density, and heat of vaporization were calculated and compared with the values reported in the ASHRAE hand-book. For each refrigerant a range of temperature from about the triple point to the critical point was covered. Specific EOS parameters such as acentric factor (for SRK and PR), b. s, E"" E"', E12' (for PFGC) were optimized to achieve better agreement between calculated values and the ASHRAE data. The optimized acentric factors and PFGC parameters for several compounds are presented. Sample graphical error analyses are shown.
Aortic diameter as a function of age, gender, and body surface area. (1993)

AD at a given level is a function of gender, age, and BSA. When these variables are known, it is possible to calculate an expected AD. The AD is greater at all levels in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and in men compared with women.
pH and drug ionization affects ocular pressure lowering of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (1993)

Increasing the ionization of three ampholyte topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increases their ocular hypotensive activity. These data taken with ocular disposition data suggest that ionized compounds of this type are more readily sequestered in the cornea, which serves as a drug depot for prolonged drug delivery and activity.
Activities of CaMV 35S and<i>nos</i>promoters in pollen: implications for field release of transgenic plants (1997)

The expression of foreign genes in pollen may pose potential problems in the field release of transgenic plants, since pollen represents a route whereby foreign genes and their products may escape into the wider environment. The possible risks posed by cross-hybridization with wild relatives have been extensively explored, but problems that may arise due to the expression of foreign gene products in pollen have not been so widely studied. The activities of the CaMV 35S and nos promoters in pollen in populations of stably transformed plants and in transient expression analysis are described. These promoters are commonly used in all areas of plant molecular biology research and their expression patterns will be of interest to those involved in field release studies. The results show that both promoters had no detectable pollen activity in Arabidopsis, but both showed activity in tobacco pollen. The CaMV 35S-gus gene fusion showed heritable expression levels in tobacco pollen of up to a maximum of 64.6 pmol 4-MU min−1 mg −1 total protein. nos promoter activity in transgenic tobacco pollen was highly variable, with GUS activities ranging from undetectable levels up to 2561 pmol 4-MU min−1 mg−1 total protein within the transgenic population. Histochemical staining of anther sections from 10–12 mm buds revealed that the CaMV 35S promoter had some activity in the vascular bundle, stomium and tapetum, while GUS expression from the nos promoter in sporophytic tissues was confined entirely to the stomium.