gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Frequency Spectrum on Temporal Integration of Energy in the Ear (1947)

These experiments are designed to test the following hypothesis. The rate of the temporal integration of energy in the ear (at threshold) is dependent on the width of the frequency band of the energy to be integrated. Duration is exactly equivalent to intensity only when all the energy to be integrated is in a narrow band of frequencies. The hypothesis tested by taking advantage of the spectral distribution of energy in short tones. As a tone becomes very short, the effective band width of the energy increases. The band width of energy is essentially defined by the reciprocal of the duration of the tone. Thus as the duration of a tone decreases, not only does the total energy in that tone decrease, but the band width of energy also increases. The intensity threshold, then, has to be increased (as duration is decreased) to compensate for both effects if the hypothesis is correct. The results are in line with the predictions of the hypothesis. The width of the band necessary for maximum integration is also related to frequency and the width of critical bands.
A space vector modulated CSI-based AC drive for multimotor applications (2001)

A space vector controlled channel state information (CSI) drive for multimotor applications is investigated. The multimotor operation of the drive is achieved by integrating the proposed active damping control, inverter-side DC link voltage feedforward control and pulse width modulation (PWM) index control into the conventional V/f control. The main function of the active damping control is to suppress possible LC resonances caused by the inverter filter capacitor and motor inductances. This function is essential in achieving stable operation of the drive, especially in the multimotor drive where multiple LC resonant modes exist. An additional advantage provided by the active damping control is that it makes the control system less sensitive to motor parameters. The inverter-side DC link voltage feedforward control and the adjustable PWM modulation index control are developed to improve the dynamic performance of the drive system. In addition, the proposed space vector PWM pattern features a low switching frequency (500 Hz), which makes the proposed drive system suitable for high power applications. The system stability is investigated by means of eigenvalue analysis. The theoretic analysis is verified by experiments on a digital signal processing (DSP) controlled CSI multimotor drive.
Separation of T and B Lymphocytes by Nylon Wool Columns: Evaluation of Efficacy by Functional Assays in Vivo (1974)

Abstract A study was made of antibody-forming cell precursors (B cells) and thymus-derived helper cells (T cells) of mouse spleen filtered through nylon wool columns. Two populations of spleen cells were separated: effluent cells nonadhering to the nylon fibers, and nylon-adherent cells which could be eluted from the columns by mechanical agitation. The presence or absence of functional lymphocytes was demonstrated by transplantation into irradiated syngeneic recipients, challenge with antigen, and assay for specific antibody-forming cells. By transplanting each of the column-filtered subpopulations separately, in combination, and with either bone marrow or thymus cells (known sources of B or T lymphocytes, respectively), it was possible to establish that B and T cells were separated by the column filtration; the effluent population was enriched with functional helper cells and depleted of precursor cells, whereas the nylon-adherent population was enriched with competent precursors and depleted of helpers.
CVD application of anti-thermal and anti-corrosive silica films to the inner walls of steel tubes. (1988)

Conditions for CVD of an SiO2 single coating and an SiO2/Si double coating to the inner walls of alloy tubes were examined in order to obtain a material that would resist corrosion by concentrated H2SO4 at 1173K. Uniform SiO2 films were coated on Incolloy 800 from Si(O-Et)4-N2-O2-Ar at 1053-1073K under 9.2KPa. Si undercoating films obtained from SiH4-Ar at 903K under 6.6KPa followed by annealing at 1273K markedly improved the adhesion of the film to substrate. The SiO2-Si coated Incolloy 800 tubes exhibited high resistance to corrosion by concentrated H2SO4 at 1173 K for 10h. EPMA line-analysis showed that the Si undercoating films turned to Si-Ni-Cr-Fe alloy during annealing and the alloy then changed to metal and SiO2 film during CVD of SiO2.
Histone acetyltransferase inhibitors and preclinical studies (2009)

Despite the fact that other drugs able to regulate the histone modifier enzymes (such as histone deacetylase inhibitors) have been already approved for the treatment of cancer, HAT inhibitors seem promising for the treatment of human diseases such as AD and diabetes, although side effects and toxicity need to be investigated.
Report on the algorithmic language ALGOL 60 (1960)

is the working language of the committee. 2. It is the defining language.
Isomerization and trans‐esterification (1950)

Summary Inter‐esterification and isomerization reactions offer opportunities to modify drying oils by changing the arrangement of the acids in the fats and oils and by changing the arrangement of double bonds and the groups around the double bonds in the fat acid chains. Although much work has been completed, much more remains to be done.
Ornithine decarboxylase activity and DNA synthesis in primary and transformed hamster epidermal cells exposed to tumor promoter. (1983)

To better understand the progression of epithelial cells from a normal to a malignant phenotype, we have compared various responses of normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic hamster epidermal cells to the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). TPA, but not fresh serum-containing medium, induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in primary hamster epidermal cells; the combination of TPA and medium was no more effective than was TPA alone. In four epidermal cell lines derived after treatment of cultures with carcinogen, the pattern of ODC induction at low passage levels was similar to that observed in primary cells. However, by the time the cell lines had become anchorage independent or formed tumors in appropriate hosts, the effect of TPA and fresh medium on ODC activity was synergistic. TPA did not affect the growth rate, plateau density, cellular morphology, or size of either primary epidermal cultures or continuous cell lines. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine by primary epidermal cells and some, but not all, cell lines was stimulated by addition of fresh medium but inhibited by TPA alone. In combination with fresh medium, however, TPA potentiated [3H]thymidine incorporation. We conclude that hamster epidermal cell lines acquire a characteristic synergistic induction of ODC activity by TPA and fresh medium as they progress toward malignancy. However, no consistent alteration is observed with respect to the parameters of mitogenesis examined.
FPGA Bootstrapping on PCIe Using Partial Reconfiguration (2011)

For many FPGA-based computing systems, a dedicated FPGA or interface chip is included to provide I/O functionality. As commercial FPGA sincrease in size, they are becoming large enough to include both theI/O interface and the reconfigurable logic. It is non-trivial, however, to provide a consistent, uninterrupted I/O interface on a single FPGA that supports reconfiguration. This paper presents an FPGA-based PCIe computing system that uses bootstrapping to configure FPGA logic at run-time. A static FPGA circuit is created to provide the PCIe interface when the system is powered-up. At run-time, computational circuits are configured onto the device as partially reconfigured modules through the static PCIe interface. Several computing circuit examples from the ERC Bench benchmarking suite were used to demonstrate this technique.
Peak to average power ratio reduction of space-time codes that achieve diversity-multiplexing gain tradeoff (2008)

A result of Zheng and Tse states that over a quasi-static channel, there exists a fundamental tradeoff, known as the diversity-multiplexing gain (D-MG) tradeoff. The quest for space-time codes that achieve D-MG tradeoff has generated numerous works. However, these space-time codes generally result in a pretty high peak to average power ratio (PAR) value on each antenna. In this paper, we propose two general ways to reduce PAR without affecting code structures and without any side information being transmitted. Therefore, the modified space-time codes still achieve the D-MG tradeoff. The two methods are both based on constellation shaping. The first method is similar to the method proposed by Kwok except we employ the Hermite Normal Form (HNF) decomposition instead of the Smith Normal Form (SNF); the second one takes the idea of integer reversible mapping. Both techniques lead to an asymptotical PAR value equal to 3 as the constellation size becomes large. Sphere decoding is performed to verify that the proposed PAR reduction methods do not affect the performance of space-time codes.
Iridescent solutions resulting from periodic structure of bilayer membranes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIridescent solutions resulting from periodic structure of bilayer membranesNaoki. Satoh and Kaoru. TsujiiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 27, 6629–6632Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100311a015https://doi.org/10.1021/j100311a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A 15-gene expression signature prognostic for survival and predictive for adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in JBR.10 patients (2008)

7510 Background: The JBR.10 trial demonstrated a significant survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB-II NSCLC patients (HR 0.69, p=0.04). However, a significant interaction with stage was seen, with benefit limited to stage II patients. Gene expression profiling may identify patient groups with significantly different prognosis, with potential for improved selection of patients to receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Gene expression profiling by Affymetrix U133A was performed on RNA isolated from snap-frozen banked tumor tissues of 133 (62 on observation and 71 on chemotherapy) JBR.10 patients. A minimal prognostic gene set was identified based on goodness-of-fit (R square) of the Cox proportional hazard model and leave one out cross-validation in the observation patients. Results: A 15-gene expression signature was identified that separated the 62 observation patients into groups with high (n=33) and low risk (n=29) for death (HR 60.1, p< 0.0001). This prognostic signature was validated in five independent public gene expression datasets (stage I-II patients, total n=372). Chemotherapy significantly reduced the risk of death in high-risk patients (HR 0.27, C.I. 0.14–0.51, p<0.0001). The benefit of chemotherapy was seen both in high-risk stage IB (HR 0.28, p=0.007) and stage II (HR 0.26, p=0.0059) patients, but not in low-risk patients (HR 15.49, p=0.008). Interaction of chemotherapy and expression signature was highly significant (p=0.0001). Conclusions: We have identified a 15-gene signature that is an independent prognostic marker in early stage NSCLC for identifying more selectively than stage, patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pierre Fabre
Continuous-Time Sigma–Delta Modulator With a Fast Tracking Quantizer and Reduced Number of Comparators (2010)

Using a tracking analog-to-digital converter as the quantizer of a sigma-delta modulator (SDM) has been shown to be an efficient method of reducing the number of comparators. In this paper, a new continuous-time (CT) SDM is proposed where a large reduction in the number of comparators is obtained by clocking the quantizer tracking loop at a high frequency rate. For a given example, the number of bits of the quantizer is shown to be reduced from five in the original multibit modulator to only one in a quantizer with tracking sampled at three times the original sampling frequency. In addition, the output of the tracking quantizer can be downsampled so that the modulator output has the same resolution and sampling rate as the original modulator. In this way, the design of the digital-to-analog converters in the feedback loop and the decimator filter at the modulator output are not penalized. Furthermore, the digital integrator of the tracking loop can be removed by taking profit of the last CT integrator in the forward path. Finally, the signal component in the forward path can be attenuated by adding a direct path from the modulator input to the last integrator input. As a result, the output swing of the integrators is reduced, improving the linearity of the whole modulator. The new modulators are analyzed and extensive theoretical and simulation results are provided.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOPLASTS FROM HOLDFASTS AND VEGETATIVE THALLI OF <i>MONOSTROMA LATISSIMUM</i> (CHLOROPHYTA, MONOSTROMATACAE) FOR ALGAL SEED STOCK (1998)

The aim of this study was to isolate and cultivate the protoplasts of the green alga Monostroma latissimum Wittrock and subsequently induce them to form algal filaments to act as an algal “seed” stock. Protoplasts of the alga were isolated enzymatically with 4% cellulase Onozuka R‐10 and 2% Macerozyme R‐10. The highest number of protoplasts was obtained on a 50‐rpm shaker with 1.2 M of sorbitol after 6 h of incubation, with a yield of 9 × 106 protoplasts·g−1 of fresh thallus (including holdfast). Protoplasts from both holdfasts and erect thalli usually began to form new cell walls within 5 h after isolation and began to divide from day 6 to day 9 in PES medium; cell clusters, filaments, and/or tubular thalli were formed from day 14 to day 18. For algae collected in March, about 60% of protoplasts isolated from vegetative thalli regenerated to form tubular thalli, and about 45% of protoplasts isolated from holdfasts regenerated to form filaments. However, for algae collected in May, about 1% of protoplasts isolated from vegetative thalli developed directly to form tubular thalli, and 59% of protoplasts regenerated to form cell clusters without the ability to differentiate, whereas protoplasts isolated from holdfasts failed to develop. Regenerated filaments were kept in an incubator for more than 3 years at 24° C under the low irradiance of 66μmol photons·m−2·s−1. After this time, they retained the ability to develop to form tubular thalli under irradiance of 166 and 300 μmol photons·m−2·s−1 at 18°–30° C. Subsequently, these tubular thalli can develop to form leafy thalli after being cultivated at high irradiance of 300 μmol photons·m−2·s−1 and at 18°–22° C. Therefore, the filaments could serve as“seed” stock for algal mass culture.
Feasibility study of rock identification at the surface of Mars by remote laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and three chemometric methods (2007)

The ChemCam instrument that will equip the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover uses laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to remotely identify Martian rocks in the proximity of the rover, and to quantitatively assess their composition. Sample identification is then the first step of the chemical analysis, as a decision aid for monitoring the rover and/or before a subsequent composition measurement. In this paper we analyze our experimental spectra obtained in the laboratory by three chemometric methods—principal components analysis (PCA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)—to investigate the feasibility of rocks classification by remote LIBS. If PCA is very interesting for data visualization, SIMCA and PLS-DA enable the making of automatic predictions. We show that SIMCA is less sensitive than PLS-DA, but also more robust when it encounters spectra of an unknown rock. The instrument accuracy during MSL operations will benefit from a combination of the two approaches.
Aluminum Oxide-aluminum Stacks for Contact Passivation in Silicon Solar Cells (2014)

We investigate passivation of the aluminum-silicon interface by thin aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layers grown by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) on HF-last silicon surfaces. We first report effective lifetimes of Al2O3-passivated n- and p-type silicon wafers as a function of the number of ALD cycles. Then, we present saturation current density and contact resistance measurements of aluminum contacts on n/n+ and n/p+ junctions, passivated with a selection of the investigated layers. Our results show that aluminum contacts on n+ silicon can be successfully passivated with thin Al2O3 layers without compromising contact resistance. However, we did not observe significant contact passivation for acceptable contact resistance in the case of Al2O3 passivated aluminum contacts on p+ silicon. We explain our experimental results from the asymmetry between conductance and valence band offsets of Al2O3 on silicon.
Effects of growth conditions on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of cultured fibroblasts. (1975)

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities of baby hamster kidney cells (BHK) grown in surface cultures were altered by modifying growth conditions. The untransformed BHK cells grown in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum showed non-linear LineweaverBurk plots for cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity with apparent Michaelis constants for cyclic AMP of approximately 5 and 30 muM. When these cells were placed in medium containing 1% fetal calf serum, linear kinetic plots for cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase with an apparent Km for cyclic AMP of approximately 20 muM were obtained. Modification of the apparent Km of BHK cell phosphodiesterase was detectable within 20 minutes after dillution of cells grown in 10% serum into fresh medium containing 1% serum. With the BHK cell line transformed with Rous sarcoma virus, differences in enzyme kinetics were not seen when these cells were diluted in 1% or 10% serum. In addition to the serum induced differences in the apparent Km of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases of BHK cells, total cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activities were also modified by growth conditions. BHK cells grown to high cell densities had three to five-fold higher total cyclic AMP activity than did the cells in less dense cultures. When the dense cell cultures were diluted into fresh medium containing 10% serum, total enzyme activities fell to levels comparable to those found in the rapidly growing cells at low cell densities. The reduction in total enzyme activity after dilution of BHK cells occurred rapidly and was influenced by cell density. A similar reduction of total enzyme activity was also seen in diluted RSV cells; however, the time course of the response differed from that seen in the untransformed cells.
Elevated IgG autoantibody production in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis may predict a refractory course. (2011)

Antibodies against ECM and possibly other antigens may identify a sub-group of children with oJIA who will require more aggressive therapy to attain control of the arthritis.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against the Hemolysin BL Enterotoxin Complex Produced by <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (1999)

A total of five hybridoma cell lines that produced monoclonal antibodies against the components of the hemolysin BL (HBL) enterotoxin complex and sphingomyelinase produced by Bacillus cereus were established and characterized. Monoclonal antibody 2A3 was specific for the B component, antibodies 1A12 and 8B12 were specific for the L(2) component, and antibody 1C2 was specific for the L(1) protein of the HBL enterotoxin complex. No cross-reactivity with other proteins produced by different strains of B. cereus was observed for monoclonal antibodies 2A3, 1A12, and 8B12, whereas antibody 1C2 cross-reacted with an uncharacterized protein of approximately 93 kDa and with a 39-kDa protein, which possibly represents one component of the nonhemolytic enterotoxin complex. Antibody 2A12 finally showed a distinct reactivity with B. cereus sphingomyelinase. The monoclonal antibodies developed in this study were also successfully applied in indirect enzyme immunoassays for the characterization of the enterotoxic activity of B. cereus strains. About 50% of the strains tested were capable of producing the HBL enterotoxin complex, and it could be demonstrated that all strains producing HBL were also highly cytotoxic.
Efficient content placement and management on cluster-based Web servers (2002)

Clustered server architectures have been employed for many years on the Internet as a way to improve performance, reliability and scalability in the presence of the Internet's explosive growth. Placing and managing content in such a complex system poses a number of challenging problems. In this paper, we describe the work that we are pursuing to design and implement a content placement and management system for the cluster-based Web server.
A randomized clinical trial on<i>n</i>-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation and all-cause mortality in elderly men at high cardiovascular risk (2010)

We observed a tendency toward reduction in all-cause mortality in the n-3 PUFA groups that, despite a low number of participants, reached borderline statistical significance. The magnitude of risk-reduction suggests that a larger trial should be considered in similar populations.
Discovery of a New Class of Natural Product-Inspired Quinazolinone Hybrid as Potent Antileishmanial agents (2013)

The high potential of quinazolinone containing natural products and their derivatives in medicinal chemistry led us to discover four novel series of 53 compounds of quinazolinone based on the concept of molecular hybridization. Most of the synthesized analogues exhibited potent leishmanicidal activity against intracellular amastigotes (IC50 from 0.65 ± 0.2 to 7.76 ± 2.1 μM) as compared to miltefosine (IC50 = 8.4 ± 2.1 μM) and nontoxic toward the J-774A.1 cell line and Vero cells. Moreover, activation of Th1 type and suppression of Th2 type immune responses and induction in nitric oxide generation proved that 8a and 8g induce murine macrophages to prevent survival of parasites. Compounds 8a and 8g exhibited significant in vivo inhibition of parasite 73.15 ± 12.69% and 80.93 ± 10.50% against Leishmania donovani/hamster model. Our results indicate that compounds 8a, 8g, and 9f represent a new structural lead for this serious and neglected disease.