gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Lifting-Based Wavelet Transform Supporting Non-Dyadic Spatial Scalability (2006)

In subband image and video compression, the issue of dyadic spatial scalability with a downsizing ratio of 2:1 has already been widely investigated. In some application scenarios, however, other downsizing ratios can be desirable. This paper proposes a wavelet coding scheme to support non-dyadic spatial scalability. By extending lifting-based transform structure, we show how wavelet transform can directly support non-dyadic spatial scalability. Specially, based on the extended lifting framework, a wavelet transform is designed to decompose an image with size 3W×3H to a low-pass subband with size 2W×2H and three high-pass subbands to support 3:2-ratio spatial scalability. The characteristic of proposed wavelet low-pass filter is investigated and experimental results show that the low resolution image produced by our scheme has good quality while the coding performance just has marginal loss compared to Daubechies 9/7 filter.
Two new diphenyl ethers and a new depside from the lichen <i>Micarea prasina</i> Fr (1984)

Two new diphenyl ethers, 4-(2-carboxy-3-heptyl-5-methoxyphenoxy)-2-heptyl-6-hydroxybenzoic acid (micareic acid) (13), 4-(2-carboxy-3-heptyl-5-methoxyphenoxy)-2-heptyl-6-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (methoxymicareic acid) (27) and a new depside, 4-(2-heptyl-6-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyloxy)- 2-heptyl-6-hydroxybenzoic acid (prasinic acid) (34) have been detected in chemical races of the lichen Micarea prasina Fr. and isolated and characterized as the corresponding methyl esters. The structure of the latter compounds has been confirmed by total synthesis. The key steps in the synthesis of the diphenyl ethers (14), (26) involved Ullmann-like condensation between the 3-chloro 2-enone (17) and the phenols (11), (31), and subsequent aromatization of the enol ethers (23) and (32). A biomimetic-type synthesis of methyl micareate (48) has also been achieved by treatment of the depside (33) with sodium hydride in dimethylformamide.
Is the Australian Automotive Recycling Industry Heading towards a Global Circular Economy? – A Case Study on Vehicle Doors (2016)

The increasing use of lightweight materials and multi-material concepts in vehicle design has create challenges for traditional vehicle recycling. This has consequently caused the increasing contamination rate for valuable recovered materials, and increasing plastic materials being landfilled for end-of-life vehicles in Australia. A life cycle comparative analysis will be carried out based on the car door material audits for different vehicle age and model. The paper shows that the trend in vehicle design has improved the environmental impact in use phase; however, it has led to the exhaustive use of natural resources due to the down-cycling impact, hindering a sustainable global circular economy based on the Australian case scenario.
A defuzzification strategy for a fuzzy logic controller employing prohibitive information in command formulation (2003)

A defuzzification strategy is presented that can handle the possibility of conflicting control commands during the defuzzification process while still producing smooth transitions. The strategy, which is the centroid of the largest area, has parameters that can be chosen to make it behave like both the centroid strategy and the mean of the maximum membership strategy. The strategy addresses the problem of prohibitive information in fuzzy control command formulation. This strategy was applied to a mobile robot path execution system and it was shown that this strategy overcomes some of the deficiencies of other strategies. This strategy not only makes the best choice when several are given, but also avoids abrupt transitions in the control command.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Actively deployable mobile services for adaptive web access (2004)

The proliferation of mobile devices in wireless environments has put special requirements on the ability to access the Web seamlessly. To address the impact of varying contextual characteristics on mobile access, the authors developed the WebPADS framework, which can actively deploy new mobile services. Moreover, WebPADS can dynamically reconfigure its services and migrate them to adapt to the vigorous changes in the wireless environment.
Towards Next Generation Neural Interfaces: Optimizing Power, Bandwidth and Data Quality (2010)

In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art in neural interface recording architectures. Through this we identify schemes which show the trade-off between data information quality (lossiness), computation (i.e. power and area requirements) and the number of channels. These trade-offs are then extended by considering the front-end amplifier bandwidth to also be a variable. We therefore explore the possibility of band-limiting the spectral content of recorded neural signals (to save power) and investigate the effect this has on subsequent processing (spike detection accuracy). We identify the spike detection method most robust to such signals, optimize the threshold levels and modify this to exploit such a strategy.
Coordination Copolymerization of Butadiene with Polar Diene Monomers Based on Myrcene (2018)

The synthesis of myrcene-based polar monomers containing substituents of types halogen, SR, NR2, and OR along with the diene fragment is developed. It is shown that these monomers are involved in the coordination copolymerization with butadiene catalyzed by neodymium compounds. The molecularmass characteristics of these copolymers and their microstructure are studied. The method proposed for the synthesis of functional monomers based on large-tonnage natural raw material (turpentine) makes them available and promising for industrial use in the synthesis of diene rubbers.
How To Backdoor Federated Learning. (2018)

Federated learning enables thousands of participants to construct a deep learning model without sharing their private training data with each other. For example, multiple smartphones can jointly train a next-word predictor for keyboards without revealing what individual users type. We demonstrate that any participant in federated learning can introduce hidden backdoor functionality into the joint global model, e.g., to ensure that an image classifier assigns an attacker-chosen label to images with certain features, or that a word predictor completes certain sentences with an attacker-chosen word. 
We design and evaluate a new model-poisoning methodology based on model replacement. An attacker selected in a single round of federated learning can cause the global model to immediately reach 100% accuracy on the backdoor task. We evaluate the attack under different assumptions for the standard federated-learning tasks and show that it greatly outperforms data poisoning. Our generic constrain-and-scale technique also evades anomaly detection-based defenses by incorporating the evasion into the attacker's loss function during training.
Development and testing of artificial low-frequency speech codes (1991)

In a new approach to the frequency-lowering of speech, artificial codes were developed for 24 consonants (C) and 15 vowels (V) for two values of lowpass cutoff frequency F (300 and 500 Hz). Each individual phoneme was coded by a unique, nonvarying acoustic signal confined to frequencies less than or equal to F. Stimuli were created through variations in spectral content, amplitude, and duration of tonal complexes or bandpass noise. For example, plosive and fricative sounds were constructed by specifying the duration and relative amplitude of bandpass noise with various center frequencies and bandwidths, while vowels were generated through variations in the spectral shape and duration of a ten-tone harmonic complex. The ability of normal-hearing listeners to identify coded Cs and Vs in fixed-context syllables was compared to their performance on single-token sets of natural speech utterances lowpass filtered to equivalent values of F. For a set of 24 consonants in C-/a/ context, asymptotic performance on coded sounds averaged 90 percent correct for F = 500 Hz and 65 percent for F = 300 Hz, compared to 75 percent and 40 percent for lowpass filtered speech. For a set of 15 vowels in /b/-V-/t/ context, asymptotic performance on coded sounds averaged 85 percent correct for F = 500 Hz and 65 percent for F = 300 Hz, compared to 85 percent and 50 percent for lowpass filtered speech. Identification of coded signals for F = 500 Hz was also examined in CV syllables where C was selected at random from the set of 24 Cs and V was selected at random from the set of 15 Vs. Asymptotic performance of roughly 67 percent correct and 71 percent correct was obtained for C and V identification, respectively. These scores are somewhat lower than those obtained in the fixed-context experiments. Finally, results were obtained concerning the effect of token variability on the identification of lowpass filtered speech. These results indicate a systematic decrease in percent-correct score as the number of tokens representing each phoneme in the identification tests increased from one to nine.
Dual-energy projection radiography: initial clinical experience (1981)

Dual-energy projection radiography: initial clinical experienceWR Brody, DM Cassel, FG Sommer, LA Lehmann, A Macovski, RE Alvarez, NJ Pelc, SJ Riederer and AL HallAudio Available | Share
Time-critical information services (2007)

Emergency medical services have never been more ready for the implementation of time-critical interorganizational information services for the public good.
Conditions for Existence of Equilibria of Systems With Constant Power Loads (2014)

In this paper we investigate the sine qua non condition of existence of equilibria for electrical systems with external (AC or DC) sources furnishing constant power to the loads, which is a scenario encountered in modern applications. Two general cases are considered, when the system is i) linear time-invariant or ii) nonlinear, with dynamic behavior described by a port-Hamiltonian model with constant dissipation and switching interconnection matrix. The latter class includes the practically important case of power converters. For both cases necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of equilibria are given, which give an upper bound on the power dissipated in steady-state that should exceed the extracted constant power. The existence of the equilibrium is ensured if and only if the inequality is satisfied.
Bagougeramines A and B, new nucleoside antibiotics produced by a strain of Bacillus circulans. I Taxonomy of the producing organism and isolation and biological properties of the antibiotics. (1986)

A bacterial isolate from soil, designated as TB-2125 had a unique pattern of multiple resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics (AG) and produced new nucleoside antibiotics. Taxonomic properties of this strain fell into those of Bacillus circulans, providing unique characteristics such as strict susceptibility to acidic pH, motility of colony as well as multiple AG-resistance. Two new antibiotics which were named bagougeramines A and B had a broad antimicrobial activity and a specific activity against the two spotted spider mite.
Purification and properties of the native form of the purple acid phosphatase from bovine spleen (1993)

The purple acid phosphatase (PAP) from bovine spleen has been shown to exist as a single ca. 36-kDa polypeptide in intact spleen tissue. The previously isolated microheterogeneous complex of 15-kDa and 23- or 21-kDa subunits appears to arise from proteolytic cleavage of an exposed, highly variable loop in the polypeptide chain. Small amounts of a single polypeptide form, presumed to be the native form of the enzyme, have been obtained; this has permitted its optical and EPR spectra and fundamental kinetic properties to be determined. The most notable difference between the native and two-subunit forms of PAP is a ca. 3-fold higher enzymatic activity for the latter, which is due to a simple increase in Vmax. The two forms are very similar spectroscopically and chemically and appear to differ only in the loss of a highly antigenic ca. five amino acid segment of the polypeptide between positions 155 and 160 but not in NH2-terminal sequence or in carbohydrate content. Analysis of published sequence data suggests that the existence of an exposed highly antigenic loop at positions corresponding to 155-161 of the spleen PAP sequence is a relatively general feature of PAP's. Trypsin and chymotrypsin cleave both bovine spleen PAP and uteroferrin, apparently in this region, with significant enhancement of enzymatic activity.
AN EARLY VERSION OF ROBERT BLAIR'S “THE GRAVE” (1971)

AN EARLY VERSION OF ROBERT BLAIR'S “THE GRAVE” Get access JAMES A. MEANS JAMES A. MEANS University of Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 18, Issue 2, February 1971, Pages 51-a–51, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/18-2-51a Published: 01 February 1971
Digital Computation and Numerical Methods (1966)

Digital computation and numerical methods , Digital computation and numerical methods , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Recent Development and Test of Inflatable Wings (2006)

In recent years the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security have had a desire to tightly pack small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in order to allow them to be launched via gun, by hand, or air dropped for reconnaissance or munitions delivery. Inflatable components enable compact packaging and rapid deployment on the ground or in flight, while minimizing system mass and complexity. Inflatable structures also provide UAVs with a significant amount of robustness as they can sustain hard landings without damage due to their inherent inflatable nature, in essence functioning as airbags. The combination of these two factors, compact packaging and damage tolerance, can be combined to provide UAVs that are easily transportable and cost effective. Numerous laboratory and flight tests have been performed to demonstrate the damage tolerance of inflatable wings. The survivability rate has remained at 100% beyond one hundred flight test impacts, and has been verified by similar laboratory testing. The resilience of the inflatable components manufactured from engineered materials is outstanding and tracks well with related inflatable structures such as the Pathfinder and MER airbags, which landed on the rocky surface of Mars. Inflatable wings have also demonstrated two aspects of morphing for UAVs or other flight platforms (such as airships). These are high aspect ratio changes via the deployment of inflatable tip extensions, and camber morphing for aerodynamic control. Inflatable wings with embedded actuation systems have been developed that are deployable and can easily be shape morphed to provide the required aerodynamic control for small UAVs. The flexible composite materials used in inflatable wings also allow for the inclusion of multi-functional elements to augment performance. Multi-functional elements for deployable wings include those that perform structural or aerodynamic functions, but are also used for functions such as aerodynamic control, power generation, power storage, and communication. Key tests conducted during this research and discussed herein include: rapid simultaneous wing deployment, gust and impact loading survivability tests, and wing shape vs. inflation pressure as characterized through wind tunnel testing. This paper discusses the various morphing concepts in detail and the subsequent development and testing of various components for UAVs. The design and fabrication of a small UAV with embedded actuation technology on the inflatable components is also detailed along with flight-test data.
The clearance of a single i.v. bolus of recombinant human erythropoietin from the serum of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and its effects on erythropoiesis. (1991)

The serum erythropoietin (EPO) concentration in patients with myelodysplasia (MDS) varies widely at similar hemoglobin concentrations, although the reasons for this variation are unclear. We have studied the pharmacokinetics of an i.v. bolus of recombinant human EPO in ten subjects with myelodysplasia. Basal serum EPO concentration varied from 210 to 5984 mU/ml. Plasma half-time clearance (t1/2) varied from 3.9 to 20.0 h. A significant positive correlation was found between t1/2 and basal EPO concentration. An increase in immature peripheral blood reticulocytes was found on days 1 and 2 after EPO treatment; this may represent either an effect on hemopoiesis or on reticulocyte release from the bone marrow.
Screen management in hypertext systems with rubber sheet layouts (1991)

This paper addresses the issue of screen management in hypertext systems. It presents a new way of placing windows, or any graphical object delimited by rectangular boundaries, in the context of an existing set of windows. The heart of the technique presented is a particular re-scaling of the display which changes the locations of objects while maintaining their sizes and avoiding object overlapping. This functionality has uses both for authoring and browsing hypertext documents. In particular it enables the display of hierarchically structured information at various levels of detail and complements other visual graph management functions. More generally, the objective is to attenuate the feeling of disorientation users experience when related information obtained through hypertext browsing are stacked upon a display screen. This work suggests extending hypertext systems by enabling users to create well structured information "collages" and to program animated presentations on the basis of browsing through ill or differently structured collections of documents.
Exploring Flicker in Solid State Lighting: What you Might Find, and How to Deal With It (2011)

This paper presents the measured flicker found in a variety of traditional lighting technology products, as well as a sample of commercially available SSL products, and addresses the question of whether SSL sources modulate luminous flux any differently than the traditional sources the lighting industry has been built on.
Variations in Absolute Chemical Shift of Nuclear Induction Signals of Hydroxyl Groups of Methyl and Ethyl Alcohol (1951)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. T. Arnold, M. E. Packard; Variations in Absolute Chemical Shift of Nuclear Induction Signals of Hydroxyl Groups of Methyl and Ethyl Alcohol. J. Chem. Phys. 1 December 1951; 19 (12): 1608–1609. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1748134 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Bacillus stearothermophilus PcrA Monomer Is a Single-stranded DNA Translocase but Not a Processive Helicase in Vitro (2007)

Structural studies of the Bacillus stearothermophilus PcrA protein along with biochemical studies of the single-stranded (ss) DNA translocation activity of PcrA monomers have led to the suggestion that a PcrA monomer possesses processive helicase activity in vitro. Yet definitive studies testing whether the PcrA monomer possesses processive helicase activity have not been performed. Here we show, using single turnover kinetic methods, that monomers of PcrA are able to translocate along ssDNA, in the 3' to 5' direction, rapidly and processively, whereas these same monomers display no detectable helicase activity under the same solution conditions in vitro. The PcrA monomer ssDNA translocation activity, although necessary, is not sufficient for processive helicase activity, and thus the translocase and helicase activities of PcrA are separable. These results also suggest that the helicase activity of PcrA needs to be activated either by self-assembly or through interactions with accessory proteins. This same behavior is displayed by both the Escherichia coli Rep and UvrD monomers. Hence, all three of these SF1 enzymes are ssDNA translocases as monomers but do not display processive helicase activity in vitro unless activated. The fact that the translocase and helicase activities are separable suggests that each activity may be used for different functions in vivo.
Relation of Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome to Short-Term Prognosis and Effects of Intensive Statin Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome (2005)

Metabolic syndrome, as defined in the context of this clinical trial, is a strong predictor of early recurrent ischemic events after acute coronary syndrome.
B lineage cells in the inflammatory central nervous system environment: Migration, maintenance, local antibody production, and therapeutic modulation (2006)

B cells have long played an enigmatic role in the scenario of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of B-cell trafficking, survival, and differentiation in the central nervous system (CNS). We propose four possible routes of intrathecal immunoglobulin-producing cells. The inflammatory CNS provides a unique, B-cell-friendly environment, in which B lineage cells, notably long-lived plasma cells, can survive for many years, perhaps even for a lifetime. These new findings offer a plausible explanation for the notorious persistence and stability of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands. Furthermore, we highlight similarities and differences of intrathecal immunoglobulin production in multiple sclerosis patients and patients with other CNS inflammatory conditions. Finally, we outline the possibly double-edged effects of B cells and immunoglobulin in the CNS and discuss various therapeutic strategies for targeting the B-cell response.