gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Industrial research is inefficient and chaotic, but it works (1989)

espanolLos programas de Investigacion y Desarrollo (I+D) son fundamentales en los Estados Unidos para recuperar su posicion de lider de la tecnologia mundial. La clave del exito en los programas de I+D es el comprender perfectamente como afecta y como se acopla el proceso I+D en el campo industrial EnglishEfective R&D programs are essential if the U.S. is to regain the position as the world's technological leader. The key to successful R&D programs is an understanding of how the R&D process fits into and affects the overall industrial picture
Role of RpoS in Stress Tolerance and Environmental Fitness of the Phyllosphere Bacterium <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> Strain 122 (2009)

Bacteria living epiphytically on aerial plant surfaces encounter severe and rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions, and their capacity to withstand environmental stress contributes to epiphytic fitness. The stationary phase sigma factor RpoS is a key determinant in stress response of gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas spp. This study focused on the role of RpoS in stress response and epiphytic fitness of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 122 on aerial plant surfaces. RpoS had a significant role in the response of the phyllosphere bacterium P. fluorescens 122 to stresses imposed by desiccation, UV irradiation, starvation, and an oxidative environment. While significant, the difference in stress response between an rpoS mutant and the parental strain was less for strain 122 than for the rhizosphere bacterium P. fluorescens Pf-5. No consistent influence of RpoS on epiphytic population size of strain 122 on pear or apple flowers or leaves was observed in field trials. These data may indicate that P. fluorescens occupies protected microsites on aerial plant surfaces where the bacteria escape exposure to environmental stress, or that redundant stress-response mechanisms are operating in this bacterium, thereby obscuring the role of RpoS in epiphytic fitness of the bacterium.
A Long N-terminal-extended Nested Set of Abundant and Antigenic Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Natural Ligands from HIV Envelope Protein (2006)

Viral antigens complexed with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes on infected cells. Assays with synthetic peptides identify optimal MHC class I ligands often used for vaccines. However, when natural peptides are analyzed, more complex mixtures including long peptides bulging in the middle of the binding site or with carboxyl extensions are found, reflecting lack of exposure to carboxypeptidases in the antigen processing pathway. In contrast, precursor peptides are exposed to extensive cytosolic aminopeptidase activity, and fewer than 1% survive, only to be further trimmed in the endoplasmic reticulum. We show here a striking example of a nested set of at least three highly antigenic and similarly abundant natural MHC class I ligands, 15, 10, and 9 amino acids in length, derived from a single human immunodeficiency virus gp160 epitope. Antigen processing, thus, gives rise to a rich pool of possible ligands from which MHC class I molecules can choose. The natural peptide set includes a 15-residue-long peptide with unprecedented 6 N-terminal residues that most likely extend out of the MHC class I binding groove. This 15-mer is the longest natural peptide known recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is surprisingly protected from aminopeptidase trimming in living cells.
Highly Efficient Production of <scp>l</scp>-Histidine from Glucose by Metabolically Engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2020)

l-Histidine is a functional amino acid with numerous therapeutic and ergogenic properties. It is one of the few amino acids that is not produced on a large scale by microbial fermentation due to the lack of an efficient microbial cell factory. In this study, we demonstrated the engineering of wild-type <i>Escherichia coli</i> to overproduce histidine from glucose. First, removal of transcription attenuation and histidine-mediated feedback inhibition resulted in 0.8 g/L histidine accumulation. Second, chromosome-based optimization of the expression levels of histidine biosynthesis genes led to a 4.75-fold increase in histidine titer. Third, strengthening phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate supply and rerouting the purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway improved the histidine production to 8.2 g/L. Fourth, introduction of the NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and the lysine exporter from <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> enabled the final strain HW6-3 to produce 11.8 g/L histidine. Finally, 66.5 g/L histidine was produced under fed-batch fermentation, with a yield of 0.23 g/g glucose and a productivity of 1.5 g/L/h. This is the highest titer and productivity of histidine ever reported from an engineered strain. Additionally, the metabolic strategies utilized here can be applied to engineering other microorganisms for the industrial production of histidine and related bioproducts.
Phones R Us (2006)

• Thumb Culture: The Meaning of Mobile Phones for Society, edited by Peter Glotz, Stefan Bertschi, and Chris Locke. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2005. 293 pp. EUR 27.80 paper. ISBN 3899424034. • M...
The healing of autologous spongiosa and heterologous materials in the periodontal bone pocket. An animal experimental study. (1981)

In animal experiments with fully-grown beagle dogs we followed the healing of autologous spongiosa, collagen and binding gelatine by the use of polychrome sequential labelling. We found that when autologous spongiosa is transplanted into the periodontal intrabony pocket, the new material is fully remodelled after 6 weeks. When collagen is implanted, there is also a large amount of bone formed during this time. There was very little new bone formation after 6 weeks when binding gelatine was implanted.
Low latency techniques for mobile backhaul over DOCSIS (2018)

The mobile network operators (MNOs) are looking into economically viable backhaul solutions as alternatives to fiber, specifically the hybrid fiber coaxial networks (HFC). When the latencies from both the wireless and the HFC networks are added together, the result is a noticeable end-to-end system latency, particularly under network congestion. In order to decrease total system latency, we proposed a method to improve upstream user-to-mobile core latency by coordinating the LTE and HFC scheduling in previous papers. In this paper, we implement and optimize the proposed method on a custom LTE and DOCSIS end-to-end system testbed. The testbed uses the OpenAirInterface (OAI) platform for the LTE network, along with Cisco's broadband router cBR-8 that is currently deployed in the HFC networks around the world. Our results show a backhaul latency improvement under all traffic load conditions.
Electronic structure of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiSi</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1989)

The linear augmented-plane-wave method has been applied to calculate the electronic structure and properties of the orthorhombic metastable base-centered (C49) and equilibrium face-centered (C54) phases of ${\mathrm{TiSi}}_{2}$. Despite the structural differences, both polytypes exhibit similar electronic properties, including broad low-lying Si 3s-3p bands, partially filled Ti 3d bands, and density-of-states minima within the 3d-band manifold near ${E}_{F}$. The high residual resistivity of C49 films in comparison with those having the C54 structure (\ensuremath{\sim}27 versus 0.7 \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega} cm) is analyzed with the use of the calculated Drude plasma energy and Fermi velocity for the two polytypes. It is concluded that the comparatively short scattering length of the C49 phase (${l}_{c}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}90 A\r{} versus \ensuremath{\sim}990 A\r{} for C54 ${\mathrm{TiSi}}_{2}$) is an extrinsic property, caused primarily by the presence of heavily faulted microstructure in the C49 films.
<title>Laser diode coherence length variation with drive current: a tool for dispersion measurements</title> (1992)

A visible light (670 nm) laser diode was used as a variable coherence length source to measure dispersion characteristics in single-mode fibers. The diode's spectral width, measured against increasing drive current, was found to change from about 16 nanometers to less than 0.2 nanometer. The corresponding change in coherence length is from about 25 micrometers to 2.5 mm.
About the heart, where it hurt exactly, and how often (2012)

Stylisticians were among the first to draw on the insights emerging from cognitive science in order to explore literary works. Recent years have witnessed a wider diffusion of the cognitive turn across literary scholarship, with developments into literary cultural studies and historiography. Unfortunately, this has sometimes been accompanied by a relative neglect of textuality and texture. In this article, we argue again for the necessary centrality of stylistics in literary scholarship, and the continuing requirement to make textuality an integral part of cognitive poetic exploration. We demonstrate the value of Text World Theory ( Gavins, 2007a , Werth, 1999 ) in requiring this integration as an inherent feature of the approach, in the process of exploring reading responses to an emotionally involving poem by Simon Armitage.
Management of cholestatic disease in 2017 (2017)

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are the most frequent chronic cholestatic liver diseases and serve as model diseases to discuss the management of cholestasis in 2017 in the lecture that is summarized in this report. PBC and PSC are characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of small intrahepatic (PBC) or larger intra- and/or extrahepatic (PSC) bile ducts. Bile duct damage leads to cholestasis and can progress to liver fibrosis and even cirrhosis. Various genetic, environmental and endogenous factors may contribute to the development of chronic cholestatic liver diseases, but the exact pathogenesis of PBC and PSC has not been clarified. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the standard treatment of PBC and is used also for other cholestatic conditions including PSC, and it exerts anticholestatic effects at adequate doses. Novel anticholestatic therapeutic options for patients not adequately responding to UDCA are under development or have, like obeticholic acid, already been proven to have efficacy when combined with UDCA in the treatment of PBC. The future role of immunomodulating/immunosuppressive drug regimens must be critically reviewed.
Variational layered dynamic textures (2009)

The layered dynamic texture (LDT) is a generative model, which represents video as a collection of stochastic layers of different appearance and dynamics. Each layer is modeled as a temporal texture sampled from a different linear dynamical system, with regions of the video assigned to a layer using a Markov random field. Model parameters are learned from training video using the EM algorithm. However, exact inference for the E-step is intractable. In this paper, we propose a variational approximation for the LDT that enables efficient learning of the model. We also propose a temporally-switching LDT (TS-LDT), which allows the layer shape to change over time, along with the associated EM algorithm and variational approximation. The ability of the LDT to segment video into layers of coherent appearance and dynamics is also extensively evaluated, on both synthetic and natural video. These experiments show that the model possesses an ability to group regions of globally homogeneous, but locally heterogeneous, stochastic dynamics currently unparalleled in the literature.
Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi and olfactory tubercle on feeding, locomotor activity, and amphetamine anorexia in the rat. (1978)

Bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) and olfactory tubercle (OT) caused enhanced intake of wet mash in 23-hr-food-deprived rats tested in photocell activity cages during restricted 30-min sessions. This mild hyperphagia was accompanied by a significant hypoactivity in the group with NAS/OT lesions. No hyperphagia was observed during a prolonged 120-min test session or in free-feeding tests conducted in the home cage. Anorexia induced by d-amphetamine (.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) was unaltered by the lesion, although the locomotor stimulant action of the drug was attenuated. A second experiment showed that the NAS/OT lesion also enhanced food intake in the photocell cages during 30-min sessions with dry food pellets but that food-associated drinking was concomitantly reduced. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the behavioral changes caused by mesolimbic neuron destruction result in part from an inability to switch from one behavioral activity to another.
WHYPER: towards automating risk assessment of mobile applications (2013)

Application markets such as Apple's App Store and Google's Play Store have played an important role in the popularity of smartphones and mobile devices. However, keeping malware out of application markets is an ongoing challenge. While recent work has developed various techniques to determine what applications do, no work has provided a technical approach to answer, what do users expect? In this paper, we present the first step in addressing this challenge. Specifically, we focus on permissions for a given application and examine whether the application description provides any indication for why the application needs a permission. We present WHYPER, a framework using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to identify sentences that describe the need for a given permission in an application description. WHYPER achieves an average precision of 82.8%, and an average recall of 81.5% for three permissions (address book, calendar, and record audio) that protect frequently-used security and privacy sensitive resources. These results demonstrate great promise in using NLP techniques to bridge the semantic gap between user expectations and application functionality, further aiding the risk assessment of mobile applications.
Correction of phase aberrations via stimulated Brillouin scattering (1978)

We have obtained quantitative measurements on the correction of severely aberrated laser beams using stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) at 0.69 microm. We have shown that under certain conditions SBS can be used to restore an aberrated optical beam to its original unaberrated condition. When an optical beam double passes an aberrating region after reflecting from an "ordinary" mirror (i.e., a plane mirror) the aberration is twice that obtained from a single pass. However, when the aberrated beam enters a medium that allows SBS to occur, it emerges from its second pass through the aberrating medium in the same condition as that in which it originally entered. Quantitative experiments are described in which a single-mode ruby laser beam is intentionally aberrated by passing it through an etched plate. When the beam is allowed to double-pass the plate using an ordinary reflector (i.e., plane mirror), the beam divergence is more than 10 times the diffraction-limited divergence. However, when we replace the ordinary reflector with a cell in which SBS can take place, the SBS reflected beam is restored to diffraction-limited divergence when it is allowed to pass back through the aberrating medium. Applications of this time-reversal or phase-reversal technique for correcting aberrations in optical trains and atmospheric turbulence are discussed.
Adaptive gain control for speech quality improvement and echo suppression (2002)

Speech quality in hands-free telephone sets can be improved and acoustic echos can be suppressed by gain control in the transmission path of such telephone systems. The gain factor is computed as a function of the short-term level of the input signal, which allows the separation of speech from background noise and can cope with different speech intensities. The gain factor is influenced by an estimation of the background noise level and the level of the loudspeaker signal. All environment parameters are adapted using near-end and far-end signals. For that purpose, a method of speech detection and a double-talk detector based on a cross-correlation estimate are introduced. The algorithm is implemented on a digital signal processor. Operation with a wide bandwidth of 12 kHz in various environments is satisfactory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CO2 hydrogenation over metal/zirconia catalysts (1999)

Metal/zirconia catalysts have attracted considerable interest for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. Various preparation methods such as impregnation, co-precipitation, sol–gel synthesis, and controlled oxidation of amorphous metal alloys have been used, leading to catalysts with very different properties. The catalytic behaviour of these materials is greatly influenced by the active metal and by the interfacial contact area between the metal and zirconia. Cu and Ag catalyse mainly methanol formation, while methane is formed over, e.g., Ni, Ru and Rh. Examples for less reactive metal constituents are Pd, Rh, Pt and Au, catalysing simultaneously the formation of methanol, carbon monoxide (by reverse water–gas shift reaction) and methane. The structural and catalytic properties of the various catalysts are compared and possible reaction pathways are discussed.
GIS and people with visual impairments or blindness: Exploring the potential for education, orientation, and navigation (1997)

GIS, with their predominantly visual communication of spatial information, may appear to have little to offer people with visual impairments or blindness. However, because GIS store and manage the spatial relations between objects, alternative, non‐visual ways to communicate this information can be utilized. As such, modified GIS could provide people with visual impairments access to detailed spatial information that would aid spatial learning, orientation, and spatial choice and decision making. In this paper, we explore the ways that GIS have been, and might be, adapted for use by people with visual impairments or blindness. We review current developments, report upon a small experimental study that compares the ability of GIS‐based and various adaptive technologies to communicate spatial information using non‐visual media, and provide an agenda for future research. We argue that adapted GIS hold much promise for implicitly improving the quality of life for visually impaired people by increasing mobility and independence.
Dataset for "Dielectric characterization of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells using microfluidic impedance cytometry" article (2018)

The dataset contains the experimental data and Matlab codes needed to generate the figures of the article 'Dielectric characterization of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells using microfluidic impedance cytometry' by C. Honrado, L. Ciuffreda, D. Spencer, L. Ranford-Cartwright and H. Morgan in Royal Society Interface.
Reversal of pulmonary capillary ischemia-reperfusion injury by rolipram, a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor (1994)

Isoproterenol (ISO) and forskolin, agents that increase adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) via adenylyl cyclase activation, reverse lung injury associated with increased microvascular permeability. We studied the role of rolipram, a relatively isozyme-selective cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, in reversing increased capillary permeability due to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), a form of oxidant injury in the lung, by using the isolated perfused rat lung model. Rolipram (2 microM) administered after 45 min of ischemia and 45 min of reperfusion reduced I/R-increased permeability as measured by the capillary filtration coefficient to control lung values. Computer image analysis of air space edema and perivascular cuffing, as well as wet-to-dry weight ratios, confirms the permeability reversal by rolipram administration. Rolipram inhibition of cAMP PDE in the lung was assessed by using [3H]adenine prelabeling adapted for the whole lung and perfusate [3H]cAMP accumulation. Rolipram failed to increase perfusate cAMP alone but dramatically increased perfusate cAMP above ISO alone. Dose-response relationships of ISO or rolipram show a close correlation of the half-maximal effective dose (ED50) for injury reversal and perfusate cAMP production. The combination of rolipram and ISO produced synergistic reversal of I/R injury. We conclude that reversal of I/R-induced increased microvascular permeability can be achieved with rolipram and that the mechanism of action of rolipram is probably through PDE isozyme-selective inhibition. The similarity of the ED50 values for cAMP efflux and reversal of permeability increases also supports a close coupling between cAMP accumulation and endothelial cell permeability.
Non-denatured Soybean Extracts in Skin Care: Multiple Anti-Aging Effects (2011)

Non-denatured soybean extracts contain all the ingredients of the soybean in their natural conformations, which is different from soy foods that must be denatured, or from soy isoflavone-based cosmetic products. The multiple benefits of non-denatured soybean extracts for skin care range from skin lightening, extracellular matrix enhancement and delayed hair growth, to a protective effect from photodamage and possibly from skin cancer. The discovery of the role of the keratinocyte receptor Protease-Activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2) in keratinocyte-melanocyte interactions and pigment transfer resulted in the identification of novel agents that affect skin color. The inhibition of serine proteases was found to reduce PAR-2 activation and therefore to alter skin color. A search for naturally occurring serine protease inhibitors identified non-denatured soybean extracts. These extracts inhibit PAR-2 activation and induce human skin lightening. Non-denatured soybean extracts also enhance collagen and elastin synthesis, and protect existing elastin fibers from degradation, therefore providing anti-aging benefits such as reducing skin sagging and wrinkling. Additionally, non-denatured soybean extracts delay hair growth, resulting in thinner and smaller hair shafts and reduced visibility of undesired hair growth. Topical pretreatment with nondenatured soybean extracts reduces UV-induced edema and erythema, and additionally reduces UVB-induced DNA and cellular damage, which could lessen the risk of skin cancer. Thus non-denatured soybean extracts could serve as inexpensive, safe and efficacious natural agents, which provide multiple skin care benefits, ranging from protection to restoration.
Trend or no trend : a novel nonparametric method for classifying time series (2012)

In supervised classification, one attempts to learn a model of how objects map to labels by selecting the best model from some model space. The choice of model space encodes assumptions about the problem. We propose a setting for model specification and selection in supervised learning based on a latent source model. In this setting, we specify the model by a small collection of unknown latent sources and posit that there is a stochastic model relating latent sources and observations. With this setting in mind, we propose a nonparametric classification method that is entirely unaware of the structure of these latent sources. Instead, our method relies on the data as a proxy for the unknown latent sources. We perform classification by computing the conditional class probabilities for an observation based on our stochastic model. This approach has an appealing and natural interpretation- that an observation belongs to a certain class if it sufficiently resembles other examples of that class. We extend this approach to the problem of online time series classification. In