gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Tolerance to Spherical Aberrations and Defects of Focus with a Birefringent Lens (2002)

We report a systematic investigation of the imaging behavior of an optical system consisting of a lens from a uniaxial birefringent crystal sandwiched between two linear polarizers into which primary spherical aberration has been introduced. The proposed system has higher tolerance to primary spherical aberration and has a larger depth of focus than an imaging system found with an isotropic lens. Some specific cases are computed and illustrated graphically.
A Study of CVD of Gallium Nitride Films by In Situ Gas-Phase UV Spectroscopy (1995)

Absh-act. Direct &quot;in sib &quot; UV specboscopic analysis of the gas phase was performed during chemical vapour deposition of gallium nibide films based on pyrolpis of GCI,NH, complexes. The most probable mechanism of film formation is proposed &amp;I the basis of the experimental results obtained. 1.
An Endorsement-Based Mobile Payment System for a Disaster Area (2015)

A payment system in a disaster area is essential for people to buy necessities such as groceries, clothing, and medical supplies. However, existing payment systems require the needed communication infrastructures (like wired networks and cellular networks) to enable transactions, so that these systems cannot be relied on in disaster areas, where these communication infrastructures may be destroyed. In this paper, we propose a mobile payment system, adopting infrastructure less mobile adhoc networks (MANETs), which allow users to shop in disaster areas while providing secure transactions. Specifically, we propose an endorsement-based scheme to guarantee each transaction and a scheme to provide monitoring based on location information, and thus achieve transaction validity and reliability. Our mobile payment system can also prevent collusion between two parties and reset and recover attacks by any user. Security is ensured by using location-based mutual monitoring by nearby users, avoiding thereby double spending in the system.
Designing the optimal structure of a neural filter (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new method for designing the optimal structure of a neural filter (NF), and evaluate its performance. In order to verify the validity of the proposed method, we apply the proposed method to the NF that has been trained to achieve the function of a linear filter with kernel of known shape, and verify that the optimal kernel is achieved. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimized NF by the proposed method achieves the optimal generalization ability, and the performance of the optimized NF by the proposed method is superior to that of the original NF. By the comparative evaluation with the NF that has been trained to reduce noise in medical images, we show that the proposed method is superior to the ability of the conventional method quantitatively in terms of the performance of optimization, the filter performance of the optimized NF, and the generalization ability of the optimized NF.
Percutaneous diskectomy for disk space infections. (1994)

To diagnose and treat intervertebral disk space infection, we used percutaneous diskectomy in four patients to harvest a large amount of disk material and to decompress and lavage the infected disk space with a broad spectrum antibiotic solution. This treatment regimen rapidly diminished pain and shortened the acute clinical course of the process. The long-term course in this small number of patients, however, appears not to have been altered.
The Role of CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthetase and Phosphatidylinositol Synthase Activity Levels in the Regulation of Cellular Phosphatidylinositol Content (1997)

The regulation of phosphatidylinositol synthesis was examined by cloning and expressing in COS-7 cells the human cDNAs encoding the two enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. Human CDP-diacylglycerol synthetase (cds1) and phosphatidylinositol synthase (pis1) clones were identified in the human expressed sequence-tagged (EST) data base, and full-length cDNAs were obtained by library screening. The cds1 cDNA did not possess a recognizable mitochondrial import signal, and the activity of the expressed Cds1 protein was stimulated by nucleoside triphosphates in vitro, indicating that cds1 did not encode the mitochondrial-specific isozyme. There were two mRNA species (3.9 and 5.6 kilobases) detected on Northern blots hybridized with the cds1 probe that were expressed at distinctly different levels in various human tissues. Consistent with the presence of the two mRNAs, a cDNA predicted to encode a second human CDP-diacylglycerol synthetase (cds2) was also uncovered in the EST data base. In contrast to the two cds mRNAs, a single, 2.1-kilobase pis1 mRNA was uniformly expressed in all human tissues examined. Expression of the pis1 gene led to the overproduction of both phosphatidylinositol synthase and phosphatidylinositol:inositol exchange reactions, indicating that the Pis1 polypeptide catalyzed both of these activities. Phosphatase treatment of cell extracts abolished the CMP-independent phosphatidylinositol:inositol exchange reaction, and exchange activity was completely restored by the addition of CMP. Overexpression of cds1 or pis1 alone or in combination did not enhance the rate of phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Also, overexpression did not result in a significant proportional increase in the cellular levels of CDP-diacylglycerol or phosphatidylinositol. These data illustrate that the levels of Cds1 and Pis1 protein expression are not critical determinants of cellular PtdIns content and argue against a determining role for the activity of either of these enzymes in the regulation of PtdIns biosynthesis.
A protocol supporting distributed group and QoS management (2002)

Modern multimedia applications require new services from the communication systems. To negotiate and to manage the quality of service parameters, and in the case of collaborative work, to support synchronization and concurrency control, control information between the group members has to be exchanged. There are some approaches where a central group server supports the group and QoS management. To avoid the problems of central servers such as server failures and performance bottlenecks on the server side a distributed scheme for group and QoS management is more suitable. We present a protocol that supports distributed group and QoS management. The protocol is part of a conferencing system designed for applications of computer supported cooperative work. The system is based on the asynchronous transfer mode. The group communication protocol provides reliable, atomic and totally ordered delivery for a group of communicating partners. A design goal was simplicity to limit the overhead introduced by the group communication because the transmission and processing of video streams consumes a lot of bandwidth and processing power respectively.
Microscope with Enhanced Depth of Field and 3–D Capability (1973)

In the summer of 1969, R. L. Gregory was working at Bell Labs, and suggested one might be able to increase the effective depth of field of a microscope if, instead of making the objective achromatic, one arranged that the different spectral colors come to foci at different distances from the lens. J. S. Courtney-Pratt suggested that one might then be able to view the image in 3-D by use of a simple binocular eyepiece modified to give a convergence of the images that varied with the spectral color. A 16-mm NA 0.4 objective has been made that gives a lateral resolution of 1 micro and a depth of field of 100 micro. 3-D displays present sharp images of objects with dark field illumination with depth magnification at any chosen value up to+/- 4 10,000x.
Surface Treatment Effect on the Grain Size and Surface Roughness of as‐Deposited LPCVD Polysilicon Films (1993)

In this work we report on the effect of the substrate treatment on the grain size and the surface roughness of as‐deposited polycrystalline silicon films obtained by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. Deposition of silicon films was performed at 570°C on oxidized silicon substrates which were subjected to different wet surface treatments. We found that the grain size of the as‐deposited polysilicon films was significantly enhanced for films deposited on freshly oxidized silicon wafers, which were loaded immediately for deposition. This was attributed to the impurity‐free surface of the substrate, resulting in a lower nuclei density and subsequently in the development of a larger grain size. The surface roughness of these films, however, was found to be significantly higher than that of films deposited on substrates subjected to a wet surface treatment prior to deposition. The roughness was found to correlate well with the mechanism which predominantly determines the growth of the stable nuclei. When direct impingement of atoms on the nuclei predominates, a wave‐like surface develops while when lateral growth dominates, a smooth surface develops. We found that a smooth surface can be achieved either by subjecting the substrate in a wet surface treatment prior to deposition, which effectively decreases the surface diffusion length of the silicon adatoms and thus increases the density of the initial stable nuclei, or by suitably decreasing the deposition rate at a given temperature in the case of untreated substrates.
One-Pot Assembly of Complex Giant Unilamellar Vesicle-Based Synthetic Cells (2019)

Here, we introduce a one-pot method for the bottom-up assembly of complex single- and multicompartment synthetic cells. Cellular components are enclosed within giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), produced at the milliliter scale directly from small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) or proteoliposomes with only basic laboratory equipment within minutes. Toward this end, we layer an aqueous solution, containing SUVs and all biocomponents, on top of an oil-surfactant mix. Manual shaking induces the spontaneous formation of surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil droplets with a spherical supported lipid bilayer at their periphery. Finally, to release GUV-based synthetic cells from the oil and the surfactant shell into the physiological environment, we add an aqueous buffer and a droplet-destabilizing agent. We prove that the obtained GUVs are unilamellar by reconstituting the pore-forming membrane protein α-hemolysin and assess the membrane quality with cryotransmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), and zeta-potential measurements as well as confocal fluorescence imaging. We further demonstrate that our GUV formation method overcomes key challenges of standard techniques, offering high volumes, a flexible choice of lipid compositions and buffer conditions, straightforward coreconstitution of proteins, and a high encapsulation efficiency of biomolecules and even large cargo including cells. We thereby provide a simple, robust, and broadly applicable strategy to mass-produce complex multicomponent GUVs for high-throughput testing in synthetic biology and biomedicine, which can directly be implemented in laboratories around the world.
Effect of hypoglycemia on thermoregulatory responses (1996)

The effects of hypoglycemia on sweating, skin blood perfusion, and shivering responses were investigated in 10 healthy male volunteers. They exercised on an underwater cycle ergometer while immersed to the neck in 28 degrees C water for 20 min at 50% of their maximal work rate. The exercise-induced elevation in esophageal temperature (T(es)) initiated the sweating response (Esw) and increased skin blood perfusion (SkBP) as measured at the forehead. In the 99-min postexercise immersion period, the values of T es relative to resting level (delta T(es)) at which Esw abated, SkBP reached preexercise values, and shivering commenced were defined as the delta T(es) thresholds for cessation of sweating, passive vasodilation, and onset of shivering, respectively. Two trials were conducted 1 wk apart. The subject was hypoglycemic in one trial and euglycemic in the other (plasma glucose was maintained at 2.8 and 5 mM, respectively) with the use of the hyperinsulinemic (insulin infusion rate = 60 mU.m-2.min-1) glucose-clamp technique. Oxygen uptake, Esw, T(es), mean skin temperature, heat flux from the skin, and SkBP were recorded at minute intervals. Although heat flux and SkBP attained significantly higher end-exercise levels during euglycemia, the responses were similar during the postexercise cooling period. Hypoglycemia did not affect the Esw response during the exercise and cooling periods. Whereas the exercise delta T(es) response was unaffected by hypoglycemia, the decrease in T(es) was greater (P < or = 0.005) during the hypoglycemic than during the euglycemic condition. Hypoglycemia did not alter the delta T(es) threshold for cessation of sweating and passive vasodilation but reduced (P < or = 0.001) the delta T(es) threshold for onset of shivering (from -0.09 +/- 0.07 degrees C in the euglycemic condition to -0.65 +/- 0.12 degrees C in the hypoglycemic condition). The present results indicate that hypoglycemia (2.8 mM) does not affect the delta T(es) threshold for cessation of thermoregulatory sweating or the threshold for passive vasodilation during recovery from exercise-induced moderate heat stress but that it decreases the core temperature threshold for shivering during cold exposure.
Effect of culture systems on mouse early embryo development (1993)

The amount of oxygen available to embryos in drop cultures under paraffin may be limited by the gas mixture employed, the method of equilibration or by the use of positive or negative pressure filtration. When these factors were varied, in experiments using Swiss outbred (SO) embryos, the only significant difference detected was the poorer development of embryos from the 1-cell to blastocyst stage when cultured in medium without prior equilibration. Also under these conditions, the inclusion of glucose in the medium did not increase the incidence of 2-cell block, and glutamine in the presence of glucose enhanced the development of 1-cell embryos to blastocysts. One-cell (C57BL/6 x SJL) F1 x SO embryos were successfully cultured in HEPES buffered CZB medium with added bicarbonate, under an atmosphere of air. The proportion of blastocysts formed in this medium, with a concentration of 10 mM sodium bicarbonate, was not different from that developed in CZB under 5% CO2 in air.
Polymers for Microelectronics (1993)

Continued advances in microelectronic device fabrication are trying the limits of conventional lithographic techniques. In particular, conventional photoresist materials are not appropriate for use with the new technologies that will be necessary for sub-0.5 µm lithography. One approach to the design of new resist chemistries involves the concept of chemical amplification, where one photochemical event can lead to a cascade of subsequent reactions that effect a change in solubility of the parent material. Generally, chemically amplified resists utilize photochemically generated acid to catalyze crosslinking or deprotection reactions. This article reviews the chemistries that have been evaluated for chemical amplification resist processes; acid generator, crosslinking, deprotection and depolymerization chemistry.
Distributed synchronization with shared semaphore sets (2005)

This paper presents a kernel level distributed interprocess communication library (KDIPC) with support for distributed shared memory and distributed semaphores. KDIPC uses the System V inter-process communication programming interface and enhances it to provide functionality in distributed environments. A key feature of KDIPC, inherited from System VIPC API, is providing an interface allowing atomic operations on semaphore sets. This permits application developers to perform locking of multiple resources in an atomic manner, simplifies the code and reduces the risk of deadlocks. The implementation is done at the Linux kernel level to reduce the overhead induced by the strict consistency model.
Understanding Internet users on double helical model of chance-discovery process (2003)

A case is presented for the double helical processing of discovery system a human and automated data mining systems co-work, each progressing spirally toward the creative reconstruction of ideas. Especially, the discovery of what we call chances, significant novel events, are to be realized in this process. The example shown here is an application to questionnaire analysis, for understanding new behaviors of the Internet users. The Internet users are born and bred with face-to-face human relations in the real world, but their interactions with WWW are extracting new value-criteria, keeping personal real-world senses of rationality, empathy, ethics, etc. In our method for aiding the discovery, base on the double-helix model, the in-depth interaction of the Internet, personalities and behaviors of people came to be understood with revealing unnoticed value-criteria.
乙酰胺—钯(II)络合物作为一氧化碳的固体监测试剂 (1991)

研究含钯(Ⅱ)阳离子络合物的固态盐时,常使用中性弱络合配位体,并发现了一种乙酰胺四氟硼酸钯试剂,该试剂中的乙酰胺摩尔量过量20倍,而且在这种类型的试剂中,必定有一种钯(Ⅱ)的络合物的弱配位体,但它比水要强,和水能继续反应,一氧化碳和乙酰胺一钯(Ⅱ)络合物配位,然后再和水反应,同时形成黑色的金属钯、二氧化碳和氢离子。本文描述的乙酰胺一钯络合物可作为检测一氧化碳的可见的警报装置,。引言在室温下,采用钯(Ⅱ)或银的化合物进行测定一氧化碳的化学分析方法,唯一除外的是血红蛋白,在强碱性溶液中,银(Ⅰ)和对磺氨基苯甲酸盐的阴离子络合较弱,被一氧化碳还原为银的胶体溶液,其显色和吸光值与浓度之间存在线性关系。含水溶液中的各种钯盐被一氧化碳化还原为黑色的金属钯。该反应中,络合未参加反应的钯(Ⅱ)和
Rapid technology projection for high-level synthesis (2002)

High-level synthesis (HLS) tools often use parameterized RT component generators during component selection and allocation. Rapid and accurate technology-specific estimates are therefore crucial for performing effective design space exploration. We describe a fast (on-line) method for estimating the area and delay of regular-structured generic RT components tuned to a particular technology library. The estimation models are generated using a least-square approximation on a set of sample technology data points from selected component implementations. We tested these models against real data points on combinational and sequential components and observed an average error of within 10%. The estimators are integrated with a HLS system to provide on-line technology projection of RT components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of culture conditions on the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cell lines (2006)

The aim of this study was to define the chemosensitivity profile of a series of human ovarian cancer cell lines representing the human primary ovarian tumours under altered culture conditions and to compare the results with those from tumour-derived cells. In this study, we used a standardized ATP-based tumour chemosensitivity assay to measure the activity of cytotoxics in the seven ovarian carcinoma cell lines and ovarian tumour-derived cells. The use of adherence-free polypropylene plates and a serum-free medium slowed down cell proliferation in all cell lines tested, mimicking the slow growth rate of solid tumours in this type of plastic. The seeding density was optimized for each cell line and was in the range of 2000-4000 cells/well. Heterogenous sensitivity to different cytotoxics was observed in the seven ovarian cancer cell lines tested in the ATP-based tumour chemosensitivity assay. The human ovarian carcinoma cell line, OVCA433, was found to be the most resistant cell line and 75% of the drugs showed an Index(SUM) above 300. Our results suggest that the use of appropriate culture conditions i.e. a serum-free culture environment, adherence-free growth and optimum seeding density can induce cell lines to behave more like tumour-derived cells in response to cytotoxic agents. On the basis of the comparison of chemosensitivity profiles of tumour-derived cells and cell lines derived from the corresponding tumour, a panel of cell lines can be selected. Such a panel could be used to screen and develop anticancer drugs.
Mechanical and rheological behavior of highly filled polystyrene with lignin (2012)

Abstract The mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of polystyrene (PS)/lignin blends over a wide range of lignin content (0–80 wt%) have been studied in this work. PS/lignin blends were compounded in an internal batch mixer with and without the addition of a linear triblock copolymer based on styrene, ethylene, and butylene (SEBS). A morphological analysis was carried out by scanning electron microscopy to determine the state of dispersion and the interfacial adhesion between the lignin particles and the PS matrix. It was found that the flexural and torsion moduli both increased, while the tensile properties decreased with increasing lignin content. Nevertheless, compatibilizer addition was found to improve the tensile properties of the lignin/PS blend. The shear rheological behavior of the lignin/PS blends was also studied in this work where viscosity, dynamic moduli, and activation energy were found to be very sensitive to both lignin and compatibilizer contents. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Solar Hydrogen Production (2018)

This panel addressed different methods for the photoassisted dissociation of water into its component parts, hydrogen and oxygen. Systems considered include PV-electrolysis, photoelectrochemical cells, and transition-metal based microheterogeneous and homogeneous systems. While none of the systems for water splitting appear economically viable at the present time, the panel identified areas of basic research that could increase the overall efficiency and decrease the costs. Common to all the areas considered was the underlying belief that the water-to-hydrogen half reaction is reasonably well characterized, while the four-electron oxidation of water-to-oxygen is less well understood and represents a significant energy loss. For electrolysis, research in electrocatalysis to reduce overvoltage losses was identified as a key area for increased efficiency. Non-noble metal catalysts and less expensive components would reduce capital costs. While potentially offering higher efficiencies and lower costs, photoelectrochemical-based direct conversion systems undergo corrosion reactions and often have poor energetics for the water reaction. Research is needed to understand the factors that control the interfacial energetics and the photoinduced corrosion. Multi-photon devices were identified as promising systems for high efficiency conversion.