gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controllable synthesis of graphene-based titanium dioxide nanocomposites by atomic layer deposition (2011)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to synthesize graphene-based metal oxide nanocomposites. This strategy was fulfilled on the preparation of TiO(2)-graphene nanosheet (TiO(2)-GNS) nanocomposites using titanium isopropoxide and water as precursors. The synthesized nanocomposites demonstrated that ALD exhibited many benefits in a controllable means. It was found that the as-deposited TiO(2) was tunable not only in its morphologies but also in its structural phases. As for the former, TiO(2) was transferable from nanoparticles to nanofilms with increased cycles. With regard to the latter, TiO(2) was changeable from amorphous to crystalline phase, and even a mixture of the two with increased growth temperatures (up to 250 °C). The underlying growth mechanisms were discussed and the resultant TiO(2)-GNS nanocomposites have great potentials for many applications, such as photocatalysis, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, and sensors.
Applying personalized weights to a feature set for on-line signature verification (2002)

For signature verification, there can be a large number of useful features including pen-speed, pen-pressure, etc. However, all these features may not be useful or even be harmful for a given person when not enough number of training samples are allowed. Namely, for an optimal verification, each person requires a different subset of all the possible features. Finding an optimal subset for an individual needs too much combinatorial efforts. Instead, we propose an approach using all the same features for every person by assigning a different weight to each feature according to the nature of the person's signature.
Intramyocardial electrogram recordings (IMEG) for diagnosis of cellular and humoral mediated cardiac allograft rejection. (2000)

The IMEG detects cellular and humoral mediated rejection early and with high reliability. The rejection-related changes of grade 2/3a rejection in IMEG seem to follow a Ofocal patternO similar to the histology. Therefore the recording of several, preferably bipolar, electrode configurations appears to enhance diagnostic reliability.
Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Detection of Nitrogen Containing Aliphatic and Aromatic Compounds: Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopic Investigation and On-Line Analytical Application (2006)

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) is an analytical method capable of on-line monitoring of trace compounds in complex matrices. A necessary prerequisite for substance selective detection is spectroscopic investigation of the target molecules. Several organic nitrogen compounds comprising aliphatic and aromatic amines, nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, and aromatic nitriles are spectroscopically investigated with a tunable narrow bandwidth optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser system providing a scannable wavelength range between 220 and 340 nm. These species are known as possible precursors in fuel-NO formation from combustion of solid fuels such as biomass and waste. A newly conceived double inlet system was used in this study, which allows rapid change between effusive and supersonic molecular beams. The resulting REMPI spectra of the compounds are discussed with respect to electronic transitions that could be utilized for a selective ionization of these compounds in complex mixtures such as combustion and process gases. The practicability of this approach is demonstrated by wavelength selected on-line REMPI-TOFMS detection of aniline and cyanonaphthalene in the burning chamber of a waste incineration plant. REMPI mass spectra recorded at different excitation wavelengths as well as variations in time show the utilization of species-selective REMPI-TOFMS detection for on-line monitoring of crucial substances in pollutant formation.
Proposals for performance enhancement of intermediate node in ad hoc transport protocol (2008)

Different transport layer protocols are suitable for different applications. If the ad hoc network is fairly closed and consists of nodes from single organizations that are communicating with themselves, compatibility with TCP may not be required, and thus ATP (a reliable transport protocol for ad hoc network) is the good choice for this scenario. In ATP, the performance of sending TCP is concentrated but the performance and load of the intermediate node is not taken in to account. Traditional transport layer protocols are designed to operate in end to end basis but ATP is designed such that it operates on semi node to node basis. In this paper, three simple approaches is proposed to make ATP to perform end to end rather than node to node without sacrificing the performance The proposed system is implemented in java and its performance is compared with ATP protocol.
The Effect of Ambient Illuminance on the Development of Deprivation Myopia in Chicks (2009)

Exposing chicks to high illuminances, either sunlight or intense laboratory lights, retards the development of experimental myopia. These results, in conjunction with recent epidemiologic findings, suggest that daily exposure to high light levels may have a protective effect against the development of school-age myopia in children.
A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis (1996)

We performed a Monte Carlo study to evaluate the effect of the number of events per variable (EPV) analyzed in logistic regression analysis. The simulations were based on data from a cardiac trial of 673 patients in which 252 deaths occurred and seven variables were cogent predictors of mortality; the number of events per predictive variable was (252/7 =) 36 for the full sample. For the simulations, at values of EPV = 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25, we randomly generated 500 samples of the 673 patients, chosen with replacement, according to a logistic model derived from the full sample. Simulation results for the regression coefficients for each variable in each group of 500 samples were compared for bias, precision, and significance testing against the results of the model fitted to the original sample. For EPV values of 10 or greater, no major problems occurred. For EPV values less than 10, however, the regression coefficients were biased in both positive and negative directions; the large sample variance estimates from the logistic model both overestimated and underestimated the sample variance of the regression coefficients; the 90% confidence limits about the estimated values did not have proper coverage; the Wald statistic was conservative under the null hypothesis; and paradoxical associations (significance in the wrong direction) were increased. Although other factors (such as the total number of events, or sample size) may influence the validity of the logistic model, our findings indicate that low EPV can lead to major problems.
A problem independent parallel implementation of simulated annealing: models and experiments (1990)

The proposed implementation is guaranteed to exhibit the same convergence behavior as the serial algorithm. Two models of parallelization, depending on the value of the temperature, are introduced and statistical models which can predict the speedup for any problem (as a function of the acceptance rate and of the number of processors), are derived. The performances are evaluated on a simple placement problem with a transputer-based network, and the models are compared with experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of chromosomal regions associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture in a population of Newfoundlands (2009)

In the population of Newfoundlands, 4 MSATs that were located on 4 chromosomes were significantly associated with the CCLR trait. Three of those markers were validated in part via genotyping additional closely located markers. The MSATs that were associated with the CCLR trait were identified in all regions (except for those on chromosome 24). Newfoundlands with CCLR could be used to study the disease process associated with anterior cruciate ligament injuries that occur in young female human athletes.
Soldering Technology for 3D PCB Assemblies with Microwave Heating (2007)

This paper is showing results from a joint research project "MICROFLOW", funded by the German Department for Education and Research (BMBF). Usual simultaneous reflow soldering processes like convection soldering or vapor phase soldering were optimized in the past for a minimum of temperature difference between small and large or heavy components on electronic assemblies. Especially the increasing demands for 3D PCB-modules, polymer electronics or electrical- optical assemblies require are further development of soldering processes. Such a process should allow a direct heating of the solder joints up to soldering temperature also for hidden structures and have to save sensitive components at the same time. Today this is possible only by application of sequential working selective soldering processes like hot bar soldering or laser soldering. But for a cost effective industrial application it is necessary to realize a selective and as well simultaneous soldering process, which is indeed not available at present.
Performance of Single Pass Earth-Tube Heat Exchanger: An Experimental Study (2003)

A single pass earth-tube heat exchanger (ETHE) was installed to study its performance in cooling and heating modes. ETHE consisted of 50 m mild steel pipe of 10 cm nominal diameter and 3 mm wall thickness, buried 2.85 m deep below ground. Ambient air was pumped through it for conditioning. Tests were conducted on three consecutive days in each month. The ETHE conditioned 5.6 m3/min of 40.6°C air to 26.6°C in cooling mode, and 8.3°C air to 23.0°C in heating mode. Average COP was 3.3 in cooling and 3.8 in heating mode.
Strain Elastography of Abnormal Axillary Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients Does Not Improve Diagnostic Accuracy Compared With Conventional Ultrasound Alone (2014)

Added SE does not improve the diagnostic ability of conventional ultrasound when evaluating abnormal axillary lymph nodes.
Advanced Mobile Traffic Information and Communication System-AMTICS (2003)

An integrated traffic information and navigation system in Japan will display information gathered at police-managed traffic control and surveillance centers in 74 cities. The information is reprocessed by computer at the AMTICS data processing center and broadcast to vehicles by a new radio data communication system called Teleterminal. The equipment in vehicles will consist of a display, a compact disk-read only memory, a reader for retrieving map information stored on CDs, and a microcomputer to calculate the vehicle's position and to superimpose it on the display. The major benefit of this system will be its ability to display, in real time, not only the vehicle's current position and route but also information on traffic congestion, regulation, road works, and parking. The system is also being considered for application to business vehicle management systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of polyamines on apoptosis induced by simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (2007)

We incubated neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat cardiomyocytes in primary culture in a medium simulating ischemia (consisting of hypoxia plus serum deprivation) for 2 h, then re-incubated them for 24 h in normal culture medium to establish a model of simulated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Apoptotic cell death was measured by MTT assay, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Morphological alterations were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, the expression of caspases-3 and -9 and Bcl-2 and the release of cytochrome c by Western blotting, and the intracellular free-calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) by laser confocal scanning microscopy. The results showed that pretreatment with 10 micromol/l spermine or spermidine significantly inhibited apoptosis in the I/R cells, suppressed the expression of caspases-3 and -9 and cytochrome c release, up-regulated Bcl-2 expression and decreased [Ca2+]i. However, pretreatment with 10 micromol/l putrescine had the opposite effects. Evidence for this "double-edged" effect of polyamines on apoptosis in I/R-injured cardiomyocytes is presented for the first time. It may suggest a novel pharmacological target for preventing and treating cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Abundant expression of apoprotein E by macrophages in human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. (1993)

Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of apoprotein (apo) E protein and message in arterial lesions. To determine the source of the synthesized apoE, we performed simultaneous in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry on human and rabbit atherosclerotic tissue. Studies of serial sections of aortic atherosclerotic lesions from humans and hypercholesterolemic New Zealand White rabbits and Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits revealed a similar pattern of macrophage-specific apoE expression in the rabbit and human lesions. In early lesions of rabbit atherosclerotic tissue, in which many macrophages were present, there was abundant expression of apoE mRNA. Northern blot analyses of total mRNA obtained from arterial macrophage-derived foam cells, freshly isolated from ballooned, cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits, demonstrated positive hybridization with an apoE-specific riboprobe. Western blot analyses of conditioned media from the isolated foam cells placed in culture for up to 24 hours demonstrated the presence of secreted apoE. These studies demonstrated that in atherosclerotic lesions, arterial wall macrophages synthesize and secrete apoE and probably account for most of the apoE synthesized in the atherosclerotic artery.
Inhibitors of diacylglycerol kinase from Drechslera sacchari. (1994)

Cells respond to a variety of signals by activation of a phospholipase C which catalyzes the phospho-
Organometallic and Bioactive Cyclophosphazenes, and the Relationship to Inorganic Macromolecules (1989)

Abstract Cyclophosphazenes have two relationships to linear high polymers: first, they may function as “monomers” for polymerization to high polymers; and second, they serve as small molecule reaction and structural models for the high polymers. These principles are illustrated by the behavior of cyclophosphazenes that bear organometallic side groups, and by species that have side units that are of biomedical interest. Some emerging applications of this chemistry are also mentioned.
Digitale Brückenschaltungen für passive Sensoren zur Impedanz-Frequenz-Umsetzung / Digital ac bridges as impedance to frequency convertors used for passive sensors (1986)

Article Digitale Brückenschaltungen für passive Sensoren zur Impedanz-Frequenz-Umsetzung / Digital ac bridges as impedance to frequency convertors used for passive sensors was published on December 1, 1986 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 53, issue JG).
The Rice Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein RF5 Restores Fertility in Hong-Lian Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Lines via a Complex with the Glycine-Rich Protein GRP162  (2012)

The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) phenotype in plants can be reversed by the action of nuclear-encoded fertility restorer (Rf) genes. The molecular mechanism involved in Rf gene-mediated processing of CMS-associated transcripts is unclear, as are the identities of other proteins that may be involved in the CMS-Rf interaction. In this study, we cloned the restorer gene Rf5 for Hong-Lian CMS in rice and studied its fertility restoration mechanism with respect to the processing of the CMS-associated transcript atp6-orfH79. RF5, a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein, was unable to bind to this CMS-associated transcript; however, a partner protein of RF5 (GRP162, a Gly-rich protein encoding 162 amino acids) was identified to bind to atp6-orfH79. GRP162 was found to physically interact with RF5 and to bind to atp6-orfH79 via an RNA recognition motif. Furthermore, we found that RF5 and GRP162 are both components of a restoration of fertility complex (RFC) that is 400 to 500 kD in size and can cleave CMS-associated transcripts in vitro. Evidence that a PPR protein interacts directly with a Gly-rich protein to form a subunit of the RFC provides a new perspective on the molecular mechanisms underlying fertility restoration.
A Small Portable Centrifugal Fast Analyzer System (1974)

Abstract The recent development of minature fast analyzer systems based on the GeMSAEC principle, coupled with the possibility of direct introduction of unprocessed liquid samples, has been further extended to include a very small analytical system that is inexpensive, battery-operated, and portable. The basic analyzer is included in and on a cabinet, about 10 x 10 x 10 cm, and a coupled data-processor records analytical data in absorbance units and in arbitrary fluorescence units. The system is compatible with up to seven simultaneous colorimetric or fluorometric assays on physiologic fluids. The dynamic mode of sample loading is used, and the system is compatible with the introduction of unprocessed whole blood. End-point or rate analysis is possible, and the coefficient of variation obtained in multichemistry tests on a single serum sample introduced dynamically is comparable to that obtained with larger Centrifugal Fast Analyzer systems.
Proposal for an empirical approach to color reproduction (1978)

Abstract This article is a review of conventional approaches to color transformations between originals and reproductions, and it explores new methods and transformations made possible by point‐by‐point scanning. “Color correction” has traditionally been based on colorimetric matching between an original and its reproduction. “Corrections” have been based either on additivity and proportionality laws or on Neugebauer's equations which assume additivity of tristimulus values. These approaches were appropriate because photographic masking and early color scanners had to rely on analog methods. Digital methods were too slow. Digital processing speeds may have increased enough to allow point‐by‐point processing of the 2 X 10 7 points scanned in an 8 in X 10 in. original. Several workers have proposed transformations which are not colorimetric matches. Their experiments have been constrained by the need for analog processing and by conventional process characteristics. By using point‐by‐point table lookup, any transformation, including spatial as well as colorimetric, is possible. It will be interesting to study color reproduction using this new tool.
CdS:PMMA nanocomposite solid films with enhanced properties (2014)

Size tunability and enhanced optical properties of cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles entrapped in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix were presented in this paper. The three-dimensional quantum confinement of CdS in the PMMA matrix was achieved by the in situ technique. X-ray diffraction results show the presence of CdS in the PMMA matrix for higher concentration of CdS nanoparticles (1:20). The particle size and energy band gap were determined by UV–visible spectroscopy. The photoluminescence spectrum shows broadened surface trapped emissions that are shifted towards the blue region. The formation of CdS and its stoichiometric ratio has been confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The transmission electron microscope results reveal the uniform distribution of nanometre sized particles in the PMMA matrix. The size distribution of CdS nanoparticles in the nanocomposite was carried out by atomic force microscope.
Three Methods for the Introduction of Foreign DNA into <i>Agrobacterium</i> (2006)

The genetic manipulation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used to facilitate studies of bacterial gene functions or as a first step in introducing genetic material into transformable plant cells through the use of T-DNA binary vectors. Three methods are commonly used. Transformation with purified plasmid can be done with either electroporation or a simple freeze/thaw transformation method. Alternatively, a mobilizable plasmid can be placed into Agrobacterium using the triparental mating method. Here we present three detailed protocols for Agrobacterium strain construction using electroporation, the freeze/thaw method of transformation, and triparental mating.
Glioproliferative Lesion of the Spinal Cord as a Complication of “Stem-Cell Tourism” (2016)

A primitive neoplasm composed predominantly of nonhost cells was detected in the thoracic spinal cord and thecal sac of a 66-year-old man who had received experimental stem-cell treatment from commercial clinics.
Baicalein Protects Against Retinal Ischemia by Antioxidation, Antiapoptosis, Downregulation of <i>HIF-1α</i> , <i>VEGF</i> , and <i>MMP-9</i> and Upregulation of <i>HO-1</i> (2013)

Baicalein would seem to protect against retinal ischemia via antioxidation, antiapoptosis, upregulation of HO-1, and downregulation of HIF-1α, VEGF, and MMP-9. The antioxidative effect of baicalein would appear to play a minor role in downregulation of MMP-9.
Common Law Rights to Subjacent Support and Surface Preservation, The (1973)

Thus, property law recognizes three estates in the land: The surface estate; the mineral estate; and a "third estate"-the right to support 3 The grant or exception in the deed should limit and define the surface and mineral estates. 4 When the grant or reservation does not define or limit those estates, a reasonable approach is to decide each case upon the language of the grant or reservation, the surrounding circumstances, and the grantor's intent. 5 Usually, the surface estate includes the whole subsoil that lies above the minerals.6The mineral estate includes every stone and rock deposit of metallic or nonmetallic substances. 7 Generally, sand, gravel, and day are not part of the mineral estate, because they are a part of the soil.8 I. TE RIGHT TO SUBJACENT SUPPORT A. In GeneralThe right to subjacent support is the right to have the surface remain supported in its natural state by the underlying strata. 9Every stratum owes a duty of support to the overlying strata, and is entitled to support from the underlying strata. 1 0 This right to subjacent support becomes important to the surface owner when the mineral owner engages in underground mining.
Substitution for Iron in Ferrimagnetic Yttrium-Iron Garnet (1958)

In yttrium-iron garnet, iron may be entirely replaced by aluminum and gallium; chromium, scandium, and indium may be substituted for iron to a limited extent. Substitution proceeds on a steric basis for the nonmagnetic ions: Al3+ and Ga3+, which are smaller than Fe3+, preferentially occupy the smaller, tetrahedrally coordinated positions, 24(d); the Sc3+ and In3+ ions, which are larger than Fe3+, preferentially occupy the larger, octahedrally coordinated positions, 16(a). The Cr3+ ion, though smaller than Fe3+, preferentially occupies the octahedral position, presumably because of its electronic configuration. The magnetic moment initially increases with octahedral substitution and decreases with tetrahedral substitution. The Curie temperature is decreased by the substitution of nonmagnetic ions for iron as a consequence of the decrease in the number of Fe3+–O2−–Fe3+ interactions.