gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shadow Classification and Evaluation for Soccer Player Detection (2004)

In a football stadium environment with multiple overhead floodlights, many protruding shadows can be observed originating from each of the targets. To successfully track individual targets, it is essential to achieve an accurate representation of the foreground. Unfortunately, many of the existing techniques are sensitive to shadows, falsely classifying them as foreground. In this work an unsupervised learning procedure that determines the RGB colour distributions of the foreground and shadow classes of feature data is proposed. A novel skelatonisation and spatial filtering process is developed for identifying components in the foreground segmentation that are most-likely to belong to each class of feature. A pixel classification mechanism is obtained at by approximating both classes of feature data by N Gaussian parametric models. To assess our technique’s performance and reliability, a comparison is made with other published works.
RF safety of wires in interventional MRI: Using a safety index (2001)

With the rapid growth of interventional MRI, radiofrequency (RF) heating at the tips of guidewires, catheters, and other wire-shaped devices has become an important safety issue. Previous studies have identified some of the variables that affect the relative magnitude of this heating but none could predict the absolute amount of heating to formulate safety margins. This study presents the first theoretical model of wire tip heating that can accurately predict its absolute value, assuming a straight wire, a homogeneous RF coil, and a wire that does not extend out of the tissue. The local specific absorption rate (SAR) amplification from induced currents on insulated and bare wires was calculated using the method of moments. This SAR gain was combined with a semianalytic solution to the bioheat transfer equation to generate a safety index. The safety index ( degrees C/(W/kg)) is a measure of the in vivo temperature change that can occur with the wire in place, normalized to the SAR of the pulse sequence. This index can be used to set limits on the spatial peak SAR of pulse sequences that are used with the interventional wire. For the case of a straight resonant wire in a tissue with very low perfusion, only about 100 mW/kg/ degrees C spatial peak SAR may be used at 1.5 T. But for < or =10-cm wires with an insulation thickness > or =30% of the wire radius that are placed in well-perfused tissues, normal operating conditions of 4 W/kg spatial peak SAR are possible at 1.5 T. Further model development to include the influence of inhomogeneous RF, curved wires, and wires that extend out of the sample are required to generate safety indices that are applicable to common clinical situations. We propose a simple way to ensure safety when using an interventional wire: set a limit on the SAR of allowable pulse sequences that is a factor of a safety index below the tolerable temperature increase.
Osmotic Properties of Human Red Cells (1964)

The hematocrit method as a technique for determining red cell volume under anisotonic conditions has been reexamined and has been shown, with appropriate corrections for trapped plasma, to provide a true measure of cell volume. Cell volume changes in response to equilibration in anisotonic media were found to be much less than those predicted for an ideal osmometer; this anomalous behavior cannot be explained by solute leakage or by the changing osmotic coefficient of hemoglobin, but is quantitatively accounted for by the hypothesis that 20 per cent of intracellular water is bound to hemoglobin and is unavailable for participation in osmotic shifts.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(dimethylsiloxane)copolymers. I. Bulk and surface characterization (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(dimethylsiloxane)copolymers. I. Bulk and surface characterizationS. D. Smith, J. M. DeSimone, H. Huang, G. York, D. W. Dwight, G. L. Wilkes, and J. E. McGrathCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 10, 2575–2581Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00036a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00036a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1006Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Commutativity-based concurrency control for abstract data types (2003)

Two novel concurrency control algorithms for abstract data types are presented. The algorithms ensure serializability of transactions by using conflict relations based on the commutativity of operations. It is proved that both algorithms ensure a local atomicity property called dynamic atomicity. This means that the algorithms can be used in combination with any other algorithms that also ensure dynamic atomicity. The algorithms are quite general, permitting operations to be both partial and nondeterministic., They permit the results returned by operations to be used in determining conflicts, thus permitting higher levels of concurrency than is otherwise possible. The descriptions and proofs encompass recovery as well as concurrency control. The two algorithms use different recovery methods: one uses intentions lists, and the other uses undo logs. It is shown that conflict relations that work with one recovery method do not necessarily work with the other. A general correctness condition that must be satisfied by the combination of a recovery method and a conflict relation is identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MULTI-POLARIZED MICROWAVE POWER IMAGING ALGORITHM FOR EARLY BREAST CANCER DETECTION (2012)

A new image reconstruction algorithm for early breast cancer detection using ultra-wideband microwave signals is proposed. In this algorithm, the backscattered electric and magnetic flelds are measured and combined in a novel way; the direction of power ∞ow with respect to a given focal point is used to localize tumors. Signiflcant improvement in signal-to-mean raito (SMR) and signal- to-clutter ratio (SCR) are achieved when driving signals consist of waves with multiple polarizations. Numerical results demonstrate nearly 5.5dB improvement of SMR and SCR over the traditional Confocal Microwave Imaging method when a single 8mm breast tumor is present.
Special effects authoring using 2-D mesh models (2002)

We propose a video manipulation formalism that includes several special effects authoring tools such as animation, transfiguration, and augmented reality, based on a 2-D mesh-based video object representation. Texture maps of video objects are registered on a reference mesh, and then transfigured (rendered) by warping them using 2-D mesh mappings that are obtained by tracking the original sequence of video objects. The formalism also allows alpha blending of a moving object with another object using an alpha map sequence and a moving texture map. A VRML browser is used as an interactive user-interface to implement these manipulation tools. A Web demo is also available.
Novel structures in ceramic interconnect technology. (2003)

Ceramic interconnect technology has been adapted to new structures. In particular, the ability to customize processing order and material choices in Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) has enabled new features to be constructed, which address needs in MEMS packaging as well as other novel structures. Unique shapes in LTCC permit the simplification of complete systems, as in the case of a miniature ion mobility spectrometer (IMS). In this case, a rolled tube has been employed to provide hermetic external contacts to electrodes and structures internal to the tube. Integral windows in LTCC have been fabricated for use in both lids and circuits where either a short term need for observation or a long-term need for functionality exists. These windows are fabricated without adhesive, are fully compatible with LTCC processing, and remain optically clear. Both vented and encapsulated functional volumes have been fabricated using a sacrificial material technique. These hold promise for self-assembly of systems, as well as complex internal structures in cavities, micro fluidic and optical channels, and multilevel integration techniques. Separation of the burnout and firing cycles has permitted custom internal environments to be established. Existing commercial High Temperature Cofired Ceramic (HTCC) and LTCC systems can also be renderedmore » to have improved properties. A rapid prototyping technique for patterned HTCC packages has permitted prototypes to be realized in a few days, and has further applications to micro fluidics, heat pipes, and MEMS, among others. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.« less
Single-cell lysis for visual analysis by electron microscopy (2013)

The stochastic nature of biological systems makes the study of individual cells a necessity in systems biology. Yet, handling and disruption of single cells and the analysis of the relatively low concentrations of their protein components still challenges available techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows for the analysis of proteins at the single-molecule level. Here, we present a system for single-cell lysis under light microscopy observation, followed by rapid uptake of the cell lysate. Eukaryotic cells were grown on conductively coated glass slides and observed by light microscopy. A custom-designed microcapillary electrode was used to target and lyse individual cells with electrical pulses. Nanoliter volumes were subsequently aspirated into the microcapillary and dispensed onto an electron microscopy grid for TEM inspection. We show, that the cell lysis and preparation method conserves protein structures well and is suitable for visual analysis by TEM.
Effect of miso soup containing Natto on the composition and metabolic activity of the human faecal flora (2006)

This study investigated the effect of consumption of miso soup containing natto (natto miso soup) over 14 days on the bacterial flora and metabolic activity of the faeces of healthy volunteers (age range 21–59 years). No marked change in the number of total bacteria was observed throughout the experimental period. During intake, the numbers of Bacillus and Bifidobacterium were increased (p<0.05), whereas numbers of Enterobacteriaceae were decreased (p<0.05) and numbers of lecithinase-positive clostridia (including Clostridium perfringens) tended to decrease. Faecal acetic and propionic acids were increased (p<0.05) while faecal indole, p-cresol, ammonia and sulfide were lowered (p<0.05) during the intake period. Faecal moisture was increased and faecal pH was decreased during the intake period, although they were not significantly different. These results indicate that consumption of natto miso soup improved the intestinal environment of the volunteers.
Introducing Development Features for Virtualized Network Services (2018)

Network virtualization and softwarizing network functions are trends aiming at higher network efficiency, cost reduction and agility. They are driven by the evolution in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). This shows that software will play an increasingly important role within telecommunication services, which were previously dominated by hardware appliances. Service providers can benefit from this, as it enables faster introduction of new telecom services, combined with an agile set of possibilities to optimize and fine-tune their operations. However, the provided telecom services can only evolve if the adequate software tools are available. In this article, we explain how the development, deployment and maintenance of such an SDN/NFV-based telecom service puts specific requirements on the platform providing it. A Software Development Kit (SDK) is introduced, allowing service providers to adequately design, test and evaluate services before they are deployed in production and also update them during their lifetime. This continuous cycle between development and operations, a concept known as DevOps, is a well known strategy in software development. To extend its context further to SDN/NFV-based services, the functionalities provided by traditional cloud platforms are not yet sufficient. By giving an overview of the currently available tools and their limitations, the gaps in DevOps for SDN/NFV services are highlighted. The benefit of such an SDK is illustrated by a secure content delivery network service (enhanced with deep packet inspection and elastic routing capabilities). With this use-case, the dynamics between developing and deploying a service are further illustrated.
Contact-Hole Etching with NH<sub>3</sub>-Added C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>8</sub> Pulse-Modulated Plasma (2005)

For plasma etching, an alternative perfluorocarbon (PFC) gas is necessary in order to minimize the effect on global warming. Etching contact holes of sub-0.1-µm size in SiO 2 is studied using an etching gas with a small greenhouse effect, cyclic (c-) C 5 F 8 containing various other gases (O 2 , H 2 and NH 3 ). Adding NH 3 to pulse-modulated plasma is quite effective for improving the etching characteristics compared with adding O 2 or H 2 . Adding NH 3 improves both the hole profile and etching selectivity. The influence of the added NH 3 gas was analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy (OES), and the correlation between the flow rate of NH 3 , the OES results, and the SiO 2 etching rate was studied.
Identification of 2D-gel proteins: A comparison of MALDI/TOF peptide mass mapping to <i>μ</i> LC-ESI tandem mass spectrometry (2003)

A comparative analysis of protein identification for a total of 162 protein spots separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis from two fully sequenced archaea, Methanococcus jannaschii and Pyrococcus furiosus, using MALDI-TOF peptide mass mapping (PMM) and mu LC-MS/MS is presented. 100% of the gel spots analyzed were successfully matched to the predicted proteins in the two corresponding open reading frame databases by mu LC-MS/MS while 97% of them were identified by MALDI-TOF PMM. The high success rate from the PMM resulted from sample desalting/concentrating with ZipTip(C18) and optimization of several PMM search parameters including a 25 ppm average mass tolerance and the application of two different protein molecular weight search windows. By using this strategy, low-molecular weight (<23 kDa) proteins could be identified unambiguously with less than 5 peptide matches. Nine percent of spots were identified as containing multiple proteins. By using mu LC-MS/MS, 50% of the spots analyzed were identified as containing multiple proteins. mu LC-MS/MS demonstrated better protein sequence coverage than MALDI-TOF PMM over the entire mass range of proteins identified. MALDI-TOF and PMM produced unique peptide molecular weight matches that were not identified by mu LC-MS/MS. By incorporating amino acid sequence modifications into database searches, combined sequence coverage obtained from these two complimentary ionization methods exceeded 50% for approximately 70% of the 162 spots analyzed. This improved sequence coverage in combination with enzymatic digestions of different specificity is proposed as a method for analysis of post-translational modification from 2D-gel separated proteins.
A hardware architecture for image rectification and ground plane obstacle detection (2003)

Describes image rectification, explains why it is necessary, how it is performed and proposes a hardware implementation for realtime operation as well as outlining a number of important additional applications that such a module may support, including ground plane obstacle detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The mTOR Inhibitor Temsirolimus (CCI-779) Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Autophagy in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) Cell Lines and Enhances the Effect of the PI3-Kinase Inhibitor LY294002. (2006)

Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in a variety of cancers giving hope that that this pathway may prove to be a good target for cancer therapy. We and others have recently reported that primary and cultured Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of HL express the active phosphorylated form of Akt (pAkt) which contribute to their survival. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that inhibition of PI3K by the small molecule LY294002 or Akt inhibition induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, at the present time there is no PI3K or Akt inhibitors in clinical trials. Instead, several inhibitors of the downstream mTOR kinase are already being evaluated in patients with cancer. Temsirolimus (CCI-779) is an mTOR inhibitor that demonstrated promising clinical activity in patients with relapsed mantle cell lymphoma. To explore the potential clinical activity of Temsirolimus in HL, we examined its efficacy in HL-derived cell lines (HD-LM2, L-428, and KM-H2). Here, we demonstrate that CCI-779 inhibited mTOR, as evident by the inhibition of ribosomal S6 phosphorylation as early as 6 hours, with a dose as low as 1 nM. Temsirolimus induced antiproliferative cytostatic effect in the same dose (1nM) in all HL cell lines, and this effect did not improve with higher concentrations (up to 1000 nM). Furthermore, the effect was predominantly cytostatic with little or no induction of apoptosis. This antiproliferative effect was predominantly due to cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, and was associated with upregulation of p27 cell cycle protein. Although temsirolimus did not induce apoptosis, it induced autophagy, as determined by Acridine Orange staining of the acidic autophagic intracellular organelles and FACS analysis. Combination of 1nM CCI-779 with increasing concentrations of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 showed a profound decrease in the IC50 of LY294002 in all 3 cell lines. Moreover, the combination of CCI-779 and LY294002 blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 phase more efficiently and significantly increased autophagic cells when compared with each agent alone, but failed to induce apoptosis. This effect was mediated in part by inhibiting a negative feedback loop involving AKT phosphorylation. Collectively, our data suggest that temsirolimus may have a therapeutic value in HL.
In vitro influence of bacterial mixtures on Fusarium verticillioides growth and fumonisin B1 production: effect of seeds treatment on maize root colonization (2005)

The application of this knowledge contributes to prevent the vertical transmission of F. verticillioides.
Blockade of interleukin 6 accelerates acinar cell apoptosis and attenuates experimental acute pancreatitis <i>in vivo</i> (2006)

Blocking IL-6 suppresses STAT-3 activation in the pancreas and consequently attenuates the severity of severe acute pancreatitis by promotion of pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis.
Molecular chaperones: Multiple functions, pathologies, and potential applications (2006)

Cell stressors are ubiquitous and frequent, challenging cells often, which leads to the stress response with activation of anti-stress mechanisms. These mechanisms involve a variety of molecules, including molecular chaperones also known as heat-shock proteins (Hsp). The chaperones treated in this article are proteins that assist other proteins to fold, refold, travel to their place of residence (cytosol, organelle, membrane, extracellular space), and translocate across membranes. Molecular chaperones participate in a variety of physiological processes and are widespread in organisms, tissues, and cells. It follows that chaperone failure will have an impact, possibly serious, on one or more cellular function, which may lead to disease. Chaperones must recognize and interact with proteins in need of assistance or client polypeptides (e.g., nascent at the ribosome, or partially denatured by stressors), and have to interact with other chaperones because the chaperoning mechanism involves teams of chaperone molecules, i.e., multimolecular assemblies or chaperone machines. Consequently, chaperone molecules have structural domains with distinctive functions: bind the client polypeptide, interact with other chaperone molecules to build a machine, and interact with other complexes that integrate the chaperoning network. Also, various chaperones have ATP-binding and ATPase sites because the chaperoning process requires as, a rule, energy from ATP hydrolysis. Alterations in any one of these domains due to a mutation or an aberrant post-translational modification can disrupt the chaperoning process and cause diseases termed chaperonopathies. This article presents the pathologic concept of chaperonopathy with examples, and discusses the potential of using chaperones (genes or proteins) in treatment (chaperonotherapy). In addition, emerging topics within the field of study of chaperones (chaperonology) are highlighted, e.g., genomics (chaperonomics), systems biology, extracellular chaperones, and anti-chaperone antibodies.
Parallel, out-of-core methods for N-body simulation (1997)

Hierarchical treecodes have, to a large extent, converted the compute-bound N-body problem into a memory-bound problem. The large ratio of DRAM to disk pricing suggests use of out-of-core techniques to overcome memory capacity limitations. We will describe a parallel, out-of-core treecode library, targeted at machines with independent secondary storage associated with each processor. Borrowing the space-filling curve techniques from our in-core library, and &quot;manually&quot; paging, results in excellent spatial and temporal locality and very good performance. 1 Motivation N-body methods are used in the numerical simulation of systems ranging from the atomic to the cosmological. In addition, the mathematical techniques developed in conjunction with the N-body problem have found application in areas as diverse as electromagnetic scattering and stochastic process generation. The papers collected in this mini-symposium [4], and its predecessor [1] offer ample evidence of the breadth and importan...