gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Euclidean root of Snell’s law I. Geometric polarization optics (1992)

Coset spaces of the Euclidean group of rigid motions in three-space are used as a model of the rays in geometric polarization optics. The Haar measure invariance leads to canonicity of the phase space transformations. The phase space of optical rays undergoes a canonical map also under the effect of smooth refracting or reflecting surfaces between two optical media that is governed by Snell’s law. This is a conservation law between two irreducible representations of the Euclidean group labeled by the refractive indices n, n′ of the media. These surface transformations are canonical and, furthermore, factorize into two root transformations that are also canonical. This factorization applies equally to the transformation of the polarization vector. The root transformation permits the computation of an aberration expansion of the polarization field over the object screen. The generators of infinitesimal surface transformations are found, i.e., those that transform between media n and n+dn. It is shown that, together with displacements, they yield the Hamilton equations of optics for inhomogeneous media.
Automatic analogue circuit synthesis using genetic algorithms (2000)

Most analogue systems are designed manually because automatic circuit synthesis tools are available for only a limited range of design problems. A new approach to circuit synthesis based on genetic algorithms is presented. Using this method it is possible in principle to synthesise circuits to meet any linear or nonlinear, frequency-domain or time-domain, specification. When applied to existing filter design problems this circuit synthesis method produces design solutions that are more efficient than those resulting from formal design methods or created manually by an experienced analogue circuit designer.
Maturation of antigen-presenting cells is compromised in HLA-G transgenic mice (2001)

The human MHC class Ib antigen HLA-G is thought to regulate maternal immune responses during pregnancy. Here we show that expression of HLA-G in transgenic mice diminished cellular immunity by inhibiting maturation of myelomonocytic cells into functional antigen-presenting cells (APC). Skin allografts applied to HLA-G transgenic mice survived longer and resultant T cell responses were less potent compared to control mice. T cells from HLA-G mice responded normally to allogeneic APC and immunohistological analyses of spleen revealed no marked abnormalities. However, spontaneous outgrowths of myeloid cells were observed when bone marrow or splenocytes from HLA-G mice were cultured in vitro, but functionally competent APC did not develop spontaneously in bone marrow cultures supplemented with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to GM-CSF-derived bone marrow cultures rescued APC maturation. Studies using HLA-G tetrameric reagents revealed that HLA-G-specific binding activity was associated with CD11c(+) myelomonocytic cells, while binding to lymphoid and NK cell subsets was undetectable. These data show that spontaneous maturation of functionally competent dendritic cells (DC) is compromised in HLA-G mice. We hypothesize that HLA-G inhibits maturation of DC via receptor-mediated interactions with myelomonocytic precursors, which render immature DC precursors unable to receive signals from activated T cells.
New transposable elements identified as insertions in rice transposon Tnr1. (2000)

Tnr1 (235 bp long) is a transposable element in rice. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) done with a primer(s) that hybridizes to terminal inverted repeat sequences (TIRs) of Tnr1 detected new Tnr1 members with one or two insertions in rice genomes. Six identified insertion sequences (Tnr4, Tnr5, Tnr11, Tnr12, Tnr13 and RIRE9) did not have extensive homology to known transposable elements, rather they had structural features characteristic of transposable elements. Tnr4 (1767 bp long) had imperfect 64-bp TIRs and appeared to generate duplication of a 9-bp sequence at the target site. However, the TIR sequences were not homologous to those of known transposable elements, indicative that Tnr4 is a new transposable element. Tnr5 (209 bp long) had imperfect 46-bp TIRs and appeared to generate duplication of sequence TTA like that of some elements of the Tourist family. Tnr11 (811 bp long) had 73-bp TIRs with significant homology to those of Tnr1 and Stowaway and appeared to generate duplication of sequence TA, indicative that Tnr11 is a transposable element of the Tnr1/Stowaway family. Tnr12 (2426 bp long) carried perfect 9-bp TIRs, which began with 5'-CACTA- -3' from both ends and appeared to generate duplication of a 3-bp target sequence, indicative that Tnr12 is a transposable element of the En/Spm family. Tnr13 (347 bp long) had 31-bp TIRs and appeared to generate duplication of an 8-bp target sequence. Two sequences, one the transposon-like element Crackle, had partial homology in the Tnr13 ends. All five insertions appear to be defective elements derived from autonomous ones encoding the transposase gene. All had characteristic tandem repeat sequences which may be recognized by transposase. The sixth insertion sequence, named RIRE9 (3852 bp long), which begins with 5'-TG- -3' and ends with 5'- -CA-3', appeared to generate duplication of a 5-bp target sequence. These and other structural features indicate that this insertion is a solo LTR (long terminal repeat) of a retrotransposon. The transposable elements described above could be identified as insertions into Tnr1, which do not deleteriously affect the growth of rice cells.
Spectrophotometric and analogue derivative spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of iron using sulphonated 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphine (1987)

Sulphonated 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphine (SDHP), a water-soluble porphyrin with the ability to complex with metal ions not only inside but also outside the porphine ring, has been synthesised. The analytical applications of the porphyrin, its chromogenic properties and reactivity with metal ions have been investigated. It was found that SDHP forms complexes with metal ions classified as so-called hard acids, such as aluminium(III), iron(III) and tungsten(VI), and also with those classified as soft or border-line acids, such as cadmium(II), copper(II) and lead(II), all these complexation reactions proceeding rapidly at room temperature. As an example, the iron(III)-SDHP system has been studied in detail spectrophotometrically. SDHP reacts with iron(III) to form a 1 : 1 (metal : ligand) complex with a Soret band at 430 nm at pH 4 and a 1 : 2 complex with a Soret band at 415 nm at pH 7. Spectrophotometric and analogue derivative spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the determination of iron at ng ml-1 levels utilising these complexations. The apparent molar absorptivities were 1.09 × 105 and 5.37 × 105 mol–1 cm–1 for the methods utilising the 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complex formations, respectively.
A Practical Formalism for Imprecise Inference Control (1994)

GH is the principal hormone driving growth throughout childhood, but the mechanism by which changing GH secretion is translated into height (Ht) remains undefined. We previously demonstrated that variability in urinary GH (uGH) output over weeks is an important statistical determinant of stature in normal children. We now examine the relationship between the temporal pattern of uGH output and growth using approximate entropy (ApEn) in 29 healthy prepubertal children, monitored serially three times a week from September to June [13 males and 16 females; age, 5.7-7.8 yr; Ht SD score, -2.9 to +2.3; median, 85 measurements per subject]. ApEn is a measure of process irregularity, with low values indicating strong regularity or subpattern persistence and high values indicating greater irregularity. The bivariate extension of this method, cross (X)-ApEn, provides a measure of the strength of interaction between two paired time series (joint signal synchrony). Low values of X-ApEn indicate synchrony, whereas high values indicate asynchrony. Weekly Ht gain, weight (Wt) gain, and uGH output showed significant orderliness in 20 of 29, 26 of 29, and 29 of 29 subjects, respectively, with weekly changes in uGH output being significantly more ordered than Ht gain (P < 0.001) and Wt gain (P < 0.01). ApEn(GH) was positively correlated with Ht gain over the whole year (r = 0.42) and Ht velocity SD score (r = 0.42; both, P < 0.05). Thus, increased irregularity in successive weekly GH output was associated with increased Ht gain and growth rate. There was significant synchrony between Ht and uGH, Wt and uGH, and Ht and Wt in 16 of 29, 22 of 29, and 25 of 29 subjects, respectively, as measured by X-ApEn. The degree of synchrony between Ht and GH output [X-ApEn(Ht:GH)] was inversely correlated with Ht SD score (r = -0.45) and Ht velocity SD score (r = -0.40; both P < 0.05), indicating that increased joint signal synchrony between Ht and GH accompanies tall stature and increased growth rate. These results extend the concept that variability in GH output over time is an important determinant of growth in normal children by indicating that an irregular temporal pattern of GH contributes to growth. Furthermore, synchrony between GH output and short-term Ht increments is associated with tall stature and good growth.
Human action recognition with extremities as semantic posture representation (2009)

In this paper, we present an approach for human action recognition with extremities as a compact semantic posture representation. First, we develop a variable star skeleton representation (VSS) in order to accurately find human extremities from contours. Earlier, Fujiyoshi and Lipton proposed an image skeletonization technique with the center of mass as a single star for rapid motion analysis. Yu and Aggarwal used the highest contour point as the second star in their application for fence climbing detection. We implement VSS and earlier algorithms and compare their performance over a set of 1000 frames from 50 sequences of persons climbing fences to analyze the characteristic of each representation. Our results show that VSS performs the best. Second, we build feature vectors out of detected extremities for hidden Markov model (HMM) based human action recognition. On the data set of human climbing fences, we achieved excellent classification accuracy. On the publicly available Blank et al. data set, our approach showed that using only extremities is sufficient to obtain comparable classification accuracy against other state-of-the-art performance. The advantage of our approach lies in the less time complexity with comparable classification accuracy.
A New Method for the Conversion of Optically Active Alcohols to Halides with Inversion of Configuration (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Method for the Conversion of Optically Active Alcohols to Halides with Inversion of ConfigurationCalvin L. Stevens, Duane Morrow, and John LawsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 8, 2341–2342Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01613a102https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01613a102research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Implementing a wide azimuth towed streamer field trial: the what, why and mostly how of WATS in Southern Green Canyon (2006)

A wide azimuth towed streamer survey, the first of its kind for subsalt imaging in the Gulf of Mexico, was acquired in late 2004/early 2005 over the Mad Dog Field. The purpose was to provide a useable subsalt image in an area where previously acquired data was inadequate due to the inherent sampling deficiencies of conventional towed streamer acquisition. Once the core technique was selected through advanced modeling, a project team was established to identify the technical and operational essentials of the survey. Changes to many parts of the acquisition system were required and it was quickly revealed that the biggest challenge would be to impart all the new learnings from the project team to the marine crew acquiring the data. If the team in the field could effectively understand the novel concept and unique aspects of the technique, it would then be possible to implement plan changes quickly and define critical data quality parameters as new attributes were uncovered in the offshore data set. To accomplish this, several pre‐survey meetings were scheduled where the marine crews were brought in for a series of technical and operational presentations. Post mission analysis confirmed that pre‐survey planning and communications were the two most critical factors contributing to the successful outcome of the survey.
Coming into View: Eukaryotic Iron Chaperones and Intracellular Iron Delivery (2012)

Eukaryotic cells contain hundreds of metalloproteins, and ensuring that each protein receives the correct metal ion is a critical task for cells. Recent work in budding yeast and mammalian cells has uncovered a system of iron delivery operating in the cytosolic compartment that involves monothiol glutaredoxins, which bind iron in the form of iron-sulfur clusters, and poly(rC)-binding proteins, which bind Fe(II) directly. In yeast cells, cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins are required for the formation of heme and iron-sulfur clusters and the metallation of some non-heme iron enzymes. Poly(rC)-binding proteins can act as iron chaperones, delivering iron to target non-heme enzymes through direct protein-protein interactions. Although the molecular details have yet to be explored, these proteins, acting independently or together, may represent the basic cellular machinery for intracellular iron delivery.
The growth and characterization of nominally undoped Al1−<i>x</i>In<i>x</i>As grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1984)

Al1−xInxAs films have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on InP substrates. Unintentionally doped material had a free electron concentration of the order of 1×1016 cm−3 when grown above 560 °C but was semi-insulating when grown below 520 °C. The effects of substrate temperature and the group V to group III flux ratio during growth on the electrical properties and on the 4 K cathodoluminescence are reported. The Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) profiles through the films show that loss of indium is detectable only at temperatures in excess of 600 °C for As4/group III flux ratios of 15–20:1. The optimum MBE growth temperature for Al1−xInxAs on InP is 580 °C. Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy was used to measure the band gap of the epitaxial layers as a function of In content for values of x between 0.46 and 0.55. Over this range, at room temperature the band gap energy was found to vary as Eg(300 K)=1.450+2.29(0.523−x) eV, while at 4 K the relation was measured to be Eg(4 K)=1.508+2.22(0.523−x) eV. The effect of strain on the band gap due to lattice mismatch between the epilayer and substrate is also considered.
Sol–gel transcription of novel sugar-based superstructures composed of sugar-integrated gelators into silica: creation of a lotus-shaped silica structure (2000)

Novel silica materials bearing single or multiple (lotus-shaped) hollow fiber structures with 5–10 nm inner diameters and a spherical structure were created using sugar-integrated organogelators (1–4) as templates by sol–gel polymerization of TEOS.
Feasibility of Genome-Scale Construction of Promoter::Reporter Gene Fusions for Expression in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Using a MultiSite Gateway Recombination System (2004)

The understanding of gene function increasingly requires the characterization of DNA segments containing promoters and their associated regulatory sequences. We describe a novel approach for linking multiple DNA segments, here applied to the generation of promoter::reporter fusions. Promoters from Caenorhabditis elegans genes were cloned using the MultiSite Gateway cloning technology. The capacity for using this system for efficient construction of chimeric genes was explored by constructing promoter::reporter gene fusions with a gfp reporter. The promoters were found to provide appropriate expression of GFP upon introduction into C. elegans, demonstrating that the short Gateway recombination site between the promoter and the reporter did not interfere with transcription or translation. The recombinational cloning involved in the Gateway system, which permits the highly efficient and precise transfer of DNA segments between plasmid vectors, makes this technology ideal for genomics research programs.
Interactive volume visualization on a heterogeneous message-passing multicomputer (1995)

This paper describes VOL2, an interactive general-purpose volume renderer based on ray casting and implemented on Pixel-Planes 5, a distributed-memory, message-passing multicomputer. VOL2 is a pipelined renderer using image-space task parallelism and object-space data partitioning. We describe the parallelization and load balancing techniques used in order to achieve interactive response and near-real-time frame rates. We also present a number of applications for our system and derive some general conclusions about operation of image-order rendering algorithms on message-passing multicomputers.
The ethics of forgetting in an age of pervasive computing (2005)

In this paper, we examine the potential of pervasive computing to create widespread\nsousveillance, that will complement surveillance, through the development of lifelogs;\nsocio-spatial archives that document every action, every event, every\nconversation, and every material expression of an individual’s life. Examining lifelog\nprojects and artistic critiques of sousveillance we detail the projected mechanics\nof life-logging and explore their potential implications. We suggest, given that lifelogs\nhave the potential to convert exterior generated oligopticons to an interior\npanopticon, that an ethics of forgetting needs to be developed and built into the\ndevelopment of life-logging technologies. Rather than seeing forgetting as a\nweakness or a fallibility we argue that it is an emancipatory process that will free\npervasive computing from burdensome and pernicious disciplinary effects.
Recovery from experimental parkinsonism in primates with GM1 ganglioside treatment (1992)

A parkinsonian syndrome can be produced in nonhuman primates by administration of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Parkinsonian-like symptoms induced acutely by MPTP were ameliorated after treatment with GM1 ganglioside, a substance shown to have neurotrophic effects on the damaged dopamine system in rodents. Treatment with GM1 ganglioside also increased striatal dopamine and metabolite levels and enhanced the dopaminergic innervation of the striatum as demonstrated by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that GM1 ganglioside may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
What-if OLAP Queries with Changing Dimensions (2008)

In a data warehouse, real-world activities can trigger changes to dimensions and their hierarchical structure. E.g., organizations can be reorganized over time causing changes to reporting structure. Product pricing changes in select markets can result in changes to bundled options in those markets. Much of the previous work on trend analysis on data warehouses has mainly focused on efficient evaluation of complex aggregations (e.g., data cube) and data-driven hypothetical scenarios. In this paper, we consider hypothetical scenarios driven by changes to dimension hierarchies and introduce the notion of perspectives. Perspectives are parameters such as time or location that drive changes in other dimensions. We demonstrate how perspectives aid in capturing a whole suite of what-if analysis queries. We propose various semantics for OLAP queries under perspectives and develop techniques for the efficient evaluation of such queries. We have implemented our techniques on the Essbase OLAP engine which fundamentally supports changing dimensions, and conducted a comprehensive set of experiments. Our results demonstrate the feasibility, scalability, and utility of our techniques for evaluating what-if queries with perspectives.
A Data Set for Camera-Independent Color Constancy (2017)

In this paper, we provide a novel data set designed for Camera-independent color constancy research. Camera independence corresponds to the robustness of an algorithm's performance when it runs on images of the same scene taken by different cameras. Accordingly, the images in our database correspond to several laboratory and field scenes each of which is captured by three different cameras with minimal registration errors. The laboratory scenes are also captured under five different illuminations. The spectral responses of cameras and the spectral power distributions of the laboratory light sources are also provided, as they may prove beneficial for training future algorithms to achieve color constancy. For a fair evaluation of future methods, we provide guidelines for supervised methods with indicated training, validation, and testing partitions. Accordingly, we evaluate two recently proposed convolutional neural network-based color constancy algorithms as baselines for future research. As a side contribution, this data set also includes images taken by a mobile camera with color shading corrected and uncorrected results. This allows research on the effect of color shading as well.
FastCAN: a high-performance enhanced CAN-like network (2000)

The controller area network (CAN) is a real-time fieldbus network which today is very popular in industrial environments because of its very appealing characteristics and low implementation costs. It has, however, serious limitations regarding the network extension and the transmission speed which may rule out this protocol in the next few years, at least for the use in high-performance automation systems. This paper presents a modification to the conventional CAN protocol based on a dual channel topology, which overcomes those limitations and exhibits a behavior that is very similar to the original standard protocol. FastCAN features very high communication performance and ensures a certain degree of compatibility with the existing devices and applications developed for the conventional CAN networks.