gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Keyword++ (2010)

Keyword search over entity databases ( e.g. , product, movie databases) is an important problem. Current techniques for keyword search on databases may often return incomplete and imprecise results. On the one hand, they either require that relevant entities contain all (or most) of the query keywords, or that relevant entities and the query keywords occur together in several documents from a known collection. Neither of these requirements may be satisfied for a number of user queries. Hence results for such queries are likely to be incomplete in that highly relevant entities may not be returned. On the other hand, although some returned entities contain all (or most) of the query keywords, the intention of the keywords in the query could be different from that in the entities. Therefore, the results could also be imprecise. To remedy this problem, in this paper, we propose a general framework that can improve an existing search interface by translating a keyword query to a structured query. Specifically, we leverage the keyword to attribute value associations discovered in the results returned by the original search interface. We show empirically that the translated structured queries alleviate the above problems.
THE SCIENCE OF FEEDING SOLDIERS (2010)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTTHE SCIENCE OF FEEDING SOLDIERSChemical innovations make tasty battlefield MEALS, READY-TO-EATBETHANY HALFORDView Author Information C&EN NORTHEAST NEWS BUREAUCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2010, 88, 18, 40–41Publication Date (Print):May 3, 2010Publication History Published online20 March 2011Published inissue 3 May 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v088n018.p040https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v088n018.p040newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Particulate matter Get e-Alerts
Tapered fused fiber bundle coupler capable of 1 kW laser combining and 300 W laser splitting (2011)

A high efficiency 7 × 1 multimode fiber coupler using the method of fusion and tapering is reported. This coupler can be applied to combine laser power, ad it can be used as a 1 × 7 splitter with reversible simultaneously. In the experiment, for combiner, coupling output power of 1032 W is obtained with the input power of 1066 W. The total coupling efficiency is 96.8%. The average insertion loss of each input fiber is 0.14 dB at ∼150 W input power. To splitter, the sum of 7 output ports power is 294 W with the input power of 341 W, and the insertion loss is about 13.8%. This fiber coupler can be applied in pumping all-fiber double clad fiber laser, as well as power combination and splitting of fiber lasers.
A New Approach to Lattice Damage Gettering (1979)

We have successfully used a Nd:YAG laser to introduce controlled amounts of lattice damage in silicon wafers. The resultant damage was found to be an effective getter for metallic impurities when applied prior to an emitter diffusion in a bipolar integrated circuit fabrication process.
Effect of Dietary Protein Intake on Serum Total CO2 Concentration in Chronic Kidney Disease (2005)

Metabolic acidosis is a feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but whether serum bicarbonate concentration is influenced by variations in dietary protein intake is unknown. For assessing the effect of diet, data that were collected in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study were used. In this study, patients with CKD were enrolled into a baseline period, then randomly assigned to follow either a low- or a usual-protein diet (study A, entry GFR 25 to 55 ml/min) or a low- or very low-protein diet, the latter supplemented with ketoanalogs of amino acids (study B, entry GFR 13 to 24 ml/min). Serum [total CO2] and estimated protein intake (EPI) were assessed at entry (n = 1676) and again at 1 yr after randomization, controlling for changes in GFR and other key covariates (n = 723). At entry, serum [total CO2] was inversely related to EPI (1.0 mEq/L lower mean serum [total CO2]/g per kg body wt increase in protein intake/d; P = 0.009). In an intention-to-treat analysis, the reduction in mean EPI in the low-protein group as compared with the usual-protein group (0.41 g/kg body wt per d) was independently associated with a 0.9-mEq/L increase in serum [total CO2], after adjustment for covariates (P < 0.001). No such effect was evident in study B, in which the very low-protein diet group received dietary supplements. Serum [total CO2] is inversely correlated with dietary protein intake in patients with CKD. A reduction in protein intake results in an increase in serum [total CO2].
Sensor system for unsteady flow characteristics in a sonic nozzle with vapor condensation (2014)

Experiments on periodic, unsteady compressible flow in a sonic nozzle with heat addition were reported. This unsteady flow is caused by the condensation of water vapor in the sonic nozzle which will affect the flow rate of the sonic nozzle. A dimensional analysis for the essential effect factors of unsteady flow frequency was carried out. An experimental system including a sensor for pressure oscillation monitoring was built. The experimental results agree well with the simulation and semi-empirical formula. Both the sensor and experimental results can be used to further study the effect of unsteady flow due to the condensation of water vapor on the flow rate of the sonic nozzle.
Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai (2004)

"Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai." Structural Engineering International, 14(1), pp. 7–8
Comparative Characterization of Cells from the Various Compartments of the Human Umbilical Cord Shows that the Wharton’s Jelly Compartment Provides the Best Source of Clinically Utilizable Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2015)

The human umbilical cord (UC) is an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with unique advantages over other MSC sources. They have been isolated from different compartments of the UC but there has been no rigorous comparison to identify the compartment with the best clinical utility. We compared the histology, fresh and cultured cell numbers, morphology, proliferation, viability, stemness characteristics and differentiation potential of cells from the amnion (AM), subamnion (SA), perivascular (PV), Wharton's jelly (WJ) and mixed cord (MC) of five UCs. The WJ occupied the largest area in the UC from which 4.61 ± 0.57 x 106 /cm fresh cells could be isolated without culture compared to AM, SA, PV and MC that required culture. The WJ and PV had significantly lesser CD40+ non-stem cell contaminants (26-27%) compared to SA, AM and MC (51-70%). Cells from all compartments were proliferative, expressed the typical MSC-CD, HLA, and ESC markers, telomerase, had normal karyotypes and differentiated into adipocyte, chondrocyte and osteocyte lineages. The cells from WJ showed significantly greater CD24+ and CD108+ numbers and fluorescence intensities that discriminate between MSCs and non-stem cell mesenchymal cells, were negative for the fibroblast-specific and activating-proteins (FSP, FAP) and showed greater osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential compared to AM, SA, PV and MC. Cells from the WJ offer the best clinical utility as (i) they have less non-stem cell contaminants (ii) can be generated in large numbers with minimal culture avoiding changes in phenotype, (iii) their derivation is quick and easy to standardize, (iv) they are rich in stemness characteristics and (v) have high differentiation potential. Our results show that when isolating MSCs from the UC, the WJ should be the preferred compartment, and a standardized method of derivation must be used so as to make meaningful comparisons of data between research groups.
Immobilization‐stabilization of α‐chymotrypsin by covalent attachment to aldehyde‐agarose gels (1991)

We have developed a strategy for immobilization-stabilization of alpha-chymotrypsin by multipoint covalent attachment of the enzyme, through its amino groups, to agarosealdehyde gels. We have studied the role of the main variables that control the intensity of these enzyme-support multi-interaction processes (surface density of aldehyde groups in the activated gel, contact time between the immobilized enzyme and the activated support prior to borohydride reduction of the derivatives, etc.). In this way, we have prepared a number of very different chymotrypsinagarose derivatives. Our best derivatives, with the most intense multipoint attachment, were more stable than one-point attached derivatives and were more than 60,000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme in the absence of autolysis phenomena. In spite of the dramatic stabilization, the catalytic activity of these derivatives is little changed (they only lose 35% of intrinsic activity after this intense enzyme-support multi-interaction process). In addition, we have also demonstrated the very high capacity of 6% aldehyde-agarose gels to immobilize pure chymotrypsin (40 mg enzyme/mL catalyst). Furthermore, we have been able to establish a clear correlation between enzyme-support multipoint covalent attachment, stabilization against very different denaturing agents (heat, urea, organic cosolvents), and insensitivity of those immobilized chymotrypsin molecules to some activating agents.
Regulation of the <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> Penicillin Biosynthesis Gene <i>acvA</i> ( <i>pcbAB</i> ) by Amino Acids: Implication for Involvement of Transcription Factor PACC (1998)

The beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin is produced as an end product by some filamentous fungi only. It is synthesized from the amino acid precursors L-alpha-aminoadipic acid, L-cysteine, and L-valine. Previous data suggested that certain amino acids play a role in the regulation of its biosynthesis. Therefore, in this study the effects of externally added amino acids on both Aspergillus (Emericella) nidulans penicillin production and expression of the bidirectionally oriented biosynthesis genes acvA (pcbAB) and ipnA (pcbC) were comprehensively investigated. Different effects caused by amino acids on the expression of penicillin biosynthesis genes and penicillin production were observed. Amino acids with a major negative effect on the expression of acvA-uidA and ipnA-lacZ gene fusions, i.e., histidine, valine, lysine, and methionine, led to a decreased ambient pH during cultivation of the fungus. An analysis of deletion clones lacking binding sites for the pH-dependent transcriptional factor PACC in the intergenic regions between acvA-uidA and ipnA-lacZ gene fusions and in a pacC5 mutant (PacC5-5) suggested that the negative effects of histidine and valine on acvA-uidA expression were due to reduced activation by PACC under acidic conditions. These data also implied that PACC regulates the expression of acvA, predominantly through PACC binding site ipnA3. The repressing effect caused by lysine and methionine on acvA expression, however, was even enhanced in one of the deletion clones and the pacC5 mutant strain, suggesting that regulators other than PACC are also involved.
Trends in Liver Disease Etiology Among Adults Awaiting Liver Transplantation in the United States, 2014-2019 (2020)

Using the United Network for
<i>In vivo</i> proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy studies of halocarbon‐induced liver damage (1989)

Proton magnetic resonance imaging and localized NMR spectroscopy were used to study the rat liver in situ. Respiratory gating was used in both the imaging and the localized spectroscopy studies to control for the movement of the upper abdomen of the rat during breathing. After administration of carbon tetrachloride, bromotrichloromethane, or halothane, localized regions of high proton signal intensity were observed in the NMR images of the liver. Localized (VOSY) proton NMR spectra from within these regions indicated that the increase in a signal intensity was due to a longer T2 relaxation time for the water resonance, indicating acute edema in the region of tissue damage.
Dispersion tuning of a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating without a center wavelength shift by applying a strain gradient (1998)

We propose a new method for controlling the chirp of a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) without a center wavelength shift by using beam bending. The beam consists of a plastic sleeve enclosing a 10-cm-long chirped FBG and a metal rod. The grating pitch could be varied to give positive or negative chirp as well as zero chirp (i.e. uniform pitch) as applying displacement to one end of the beam without rotation. The dispersion at the two extremes of mechanical displacement were -791 ps/nm and +932 ps/nm. The center wavelength shift of the FBG was as small as 0.09 nm over the dispersion tuning range.
Linkage of genes encoding enolase (<i>eno</i>) and CTP synthase (<i>pyrG</i>) in the Î²-subdivision proteobacterium<i>Nitrosomonas europaea</i> (1998)

The gene encoding enolase (eno) from the ammonia oxidising bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea has been cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence for enolase from N. europaea was 65% identical (76% similar) to its Bacillus subtilis orthologue. An incomplete open reading frame located 432 bp 5' of eno was identified as pyrG, which encodes CTP synthase. These two genes are therefore organised in N. europaea, a beta-subdivision proteobacterium, in the same way as in the gamma-subdivision proteobacterium Escherichia coli.
Role of PAR2 in regulating oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain via TRPA1 (2015)

Oxaliplatin (OXL) is a third-generation chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat metastatic digestive tumors; however, one of the main limiting complications of OXL is neuropathic pain. In this study, the underlying mechanisms responsible for OXL evoked-neuropathic pain were examined. Using a rat model, the results demonstrated that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OXL significantly increased mechanical pain and cold sensitivity as compared with control animals (<i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs.</i> control rats). Blocking proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) significantly attenuated mechanical pain and cold sensitivity observed in control rats and OXL rats (<i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs.</i> vehicle control). The attenuating effect of PAR2 on mechanical pain and cold sensitivity were significantly smaller in OXL-rats than in control rats. The role played by PAR2 downstream signaling pathways [namely, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)] in regulating OXL evoked-neuropathic pain was also examined. The data shows that TRPA1 expression was upregulated in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of OXL rats and blocking TRPA1 inhibited mechanical pain and heightened cold sensitivity (<i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs.</i> control rats). Blocking PAR2 also significantly decreased TRPA1 expression in the DRG. Findings in this study show that OXL intervention amplifies mechanical hyperalgesia and cold hypersensitivity and PAR2 plays an important role in regulating OXL-induced neuropathic pain via TRPA1 pathways.
System Isolation and Network Fast Fail Capability in Solaris (1995)

UNIX hosts configured for network operation typically hang, or freeze, when temporarily disconnected from the network. This failure is unacceptable to the user of a mobile host who purposely disconnects the host from the network in order to move it to another location not serviced by a network connection. This paper describes an approach that automatically enables a system to continue to function, in a diminished capacity, when disconnected from the network. 1.0 Introduction - Why is there a problem? Modern computing environments typically consist of a core cluster of servers and many desktop workstations. Together they implement a client-server model of decentralized distributed processing that depends on a robust functional network for successful operation. This type of distributed processing avoids reliance on a particular host and, instead, places the emphasis on the network. In other words, &quot;the network is the computer.&quot; The problem is, if a network operation fails, the system ...
Telomeres, p53 and cellular senescence. (1996)

The ability of mammalian cells to respond to extrinsic mitogens is downregulated in response to proliferative aging (senescence), and it is now likely that at least a subset of such lifespan checkpoints is triggered by a biological "clock" based on erosion of chromosome telomeres. This review outlines the intrinsic inhibitory signal pathways that link this clock to cell cycle arrest, focussing on the role of tumour suppressor gene products, particularly the p53 and pRb proteins. Emphasis is placed on cell-type specific differences in the timing of lifespan checkpoints, and the "choice" of the underlying inhibitory signal pathway. It is argued that such diversity may explain many differences between cell types in the selection of tumour suppressor gene mutations, providing for example a novel explanation for the difference in molecular pathology and clinical behaviour between two important subsets of human breast cancer.
Edge detection using a new definition of entropy (1996)

The paper describes a possible model of the human perceptive process. In this paper the relation between the entropy of an image domain and the entropy of its subdomains is explored as a uniformity predicate. Such entropy is obtained from the analysis of the image histogram associating a Gaussian distribution to the maximum frequency of grey levels. With the aim of implementing the model, we have introduced a well known technique of problem solving. The most important roles of our model are played by the evaluation function (EF) and the control strategy. So the EF is related to the ratio between the entropy of one region or zone of the picture and the entropy of the entire picture. The control strategy determines the optimal path in the quadtree so that the nodes of the optimal path have minimal entropy. The paper shows some comparisons between the method and classical edge detection techniques.
The promises and perils of mining git (2009)

We are now witnessing the rapid growth of decentralized source code management (DSCM) systems, in which every developer has her own repository. DSCMs facilitate a style of collaboration in which work output can flow sideways (and privately) between collaborators, rather than always up and down (and publicly) via a central repository. Decentralization comes with both the promise of new data and the peril of its misinterpretation. We focus on git, a very popular DSCM used in high-profile projects. Decentralization, and other features of git, such as automatically recorded contributor attribution, lead to richer content histories, giving rise to new questions such as ldquoHow do contributions flow between developers to the official project repository?rdquo However, there are pitfalls. Commits may be reordered, deleted, or edited as they move between repositories. The semantics of terms common to SCMs and DSCMs sometimes differ markedly, potentially creating confusion. For example, a commit is immediately visible to all developers in centralized SCMs, but not in DSCMs. Our goal is to help researchers interested in DSCMs avoid these and other perils when mining and analyzing git data.
Effect of carboxyl end groups on hydrolysis of polyglycolic acid (1985)

Abstract Dye interaction analysis in hexafluoroisopropanol was used to determine end carboxyl groups in polyglycolic acid (PGA). The rate of heterogeneous hydrolysis of purified PGA in water at 37°C shows a first‐order dependence on carboxyl end group concentration at levels above 12 meq/kg. Reaction of molten PGA with a tetraarylorthocarbonate or a triarylketenimine gave end‐capped PGA with carboxyl levels as low as 1 meq/kg. These samples were somewhat more resistant to hydrolysis than untreated PGA despite an increased initial rate at the lower carboxyl levels.
CMOS thermal sensing system with simplified circuits and high accuracy for Biomedical Application (2006)

A low-cost thermal sensor with sigma-delta ADC was realized in 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS process. Simplify the circuitry with different technologies to improve the efficiency and reduce the error in the thermal sensor chip. Substrate npn transistors are used to sense the temperature and generate the ADC's reference voltage. The ingenious application of sigma-delta ADCs can reduce the complexity of circuit, thereby reducing system cost, area and power consumption. Attach importance to the body temperature (37 /spl plusmn/ 4 /spl deg/C), from +33 /spl deg/C to +42 /spl deg/C, the inaccuracy is less than /spl plusmn/0.15 /spl deg/C with one-point calibration after packaging. This paper proposes here to further develop this thermal sensor chip (including the calibration of the system) and to use this chip for biomedical application.
Membrane fluidization by ether, other anesthetics, and certain agents abolishes P‐glycoprotein ATPase activity and modulates efflux from multidrug‐resistant cells (1999)

The anesthetics benzyl alcohol and the nonaromatic chloroform and diethyl ether, abolish P-glycoprotein (Pgp) ATPase activity in a mode that does not fit classical competitive, noncompetitive, or uncompetitive inhibition. At concentrations similar to those required for inhibition of ATPase activity, these anesthetics fluidize membranes leading to twofold acceleration of doxorubicin flip-flop across lipid membranes and prevent photoaffinity labeling of Pgp with [125I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin. Similar concentrations of ether proved nontoxic and modulated efflux from Pgp-overexpressing cells. A similar twofold acceleration of doxorubicin flip-flop rate across membranes was observed with neutral mild detergents, including Tween 20, Nonidet P-40 and Triton X-100, and certain Pgp modulators, such as verapamil and progesterone. Concentrations of these agents, similar to those required for membrane fluidization, inhibited Pgp ATPase activity in a mode similar to that observed with the anesthetics. The mode of inhibition, i.e. lack of evidence for classical enzyme inhibition and the correlation of Pgp ATPase inhibition with membrane fluidization over a wide range of concentrations and structures of drugs favors the direct inhibition of Pgp ATPase activity by membrane fluidization. The unusual sensitivity of Pgp to membrane fluidization, as opposed to acceleration of ATPase activity of ion transporters, could fit the proposed function of Pgp as a 'flippase', which is in close contact with the membrane core.