gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nerve growth factor induces galanin gene expression in the rat basal forebrain: Implications for the treatment of cholinergic dysfunction (1997)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a potential treatment for cholinergic dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In rats, NGF activates gene expression of the acetylcholine synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and prevents age- and lesion-induced degeneration of basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons. Cholinergic neurons in the BF coexpress galanin (GAL), a neuropeptide that has been shown to impair performance on memory tasks possibly through the inhibition of cholinergic memory pathways. NGF up-regulates both ChAT and GAL gene expression in cultured pheochromocytoma cells; however, the effect of chronic in vivo NGF administration on GAL gene expression within the BF has not been studied. We used in situ hybridization and quantitative autoradiography to assess GAL and ChAT gene expression within the BF of adult male rats following chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of NGF or cytochrome c. We now report that, in addition to stimulating ChAT gene expression, NGF strongly up-regulated the GAL gene in the rat cholinergic BF. NGF had no effect on GAL gene expression in other noncholinergic forebrain regions. NGF induction of GAL gene expression in the BF was specific, because gene expression for another neuropeptide, neurotensin, present within noncholinergic BF neurons was unchanged. Our data provide the first evidence that in vivo NGF administration up-regulates GAL gene expression in the cholinergic BF. These results suggest that the concurrent induction of GAL in the BF could limit the ameliorating actions of NGF on cholinergic dysfunction.
Rights of Exit (1998)

Social groups claim authority to impose restrictions on their members that the state cannot. Churches, ethnic groups, minority nations, universities, social clubs, and families all regulate belief and behavior in ways that would be obviously unjust in the context of a state and its citizens. All religions impose doctrinal requirements; many also enforce sexist practices and customs. Some universities impose stringent speech and conduct codes on their students and faculty. Parochial schools discriminate in their hiring practices. Those who complain about such internal restrictions on the liberties of members might well be told to “love it or leave it.”
Acetic acid cluster ions for tuning and calibration in thermospray liquid chromotography/mass spectrometry (1989)

Abstract Combined liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry is frequently performed with the thermospray interface nowadays. With thermospray a special ion source has to be installed. Tuning and calibration of that special source is still a problem which has not been adequately solved, Reference compounds commonly used in conventional electron impact or chemical ionization mass spectrometry cannot be used in the thermospray source. Most of the solutions to this problem reported in the literature cause a rapid contamination of the ion source or may result in memory effects. In this paper the use of acetic acid ammonia cluster ions is proposed for tuning and calibration in thermospray. Abundant cluster ions can be observed over the mass range between m / z = 100 and 1000 when an eluent containing ammonium acetate and 0.5% acetic acid is used. Features of the mass spectra obtained in both filament‐off, filament‐on and discharge‐on modes will be discussed.
Infrared image registration of damage in the aircraft skin based on lie group machine learning (2014)

The method of nondestructive testing for aircraft skin composite defects using infrared thermography is very effective. But, against the problem of how to rapidly and accurately identify for the defects of specific types needs to be further study. Based on the analysis of the existed classifier for skin damages, a complex group classifier based on lie group machine learning algorithm is introduced in this paper. According to the damage infrared thermal images obtained by the infrared thermal imager, the feature of internal defects of the skin specific defects is extracted and a discriminant function is established, and then a direct classification for the input image is realized. A simulation result proves that the algorithm given in this paper can satisfy the identification accuracy, and shows the effective of the algorithm.
A note on the “oil” of oats (1921)

E. Paul, Analyst, 1921, 46, 238 DOI: 10.1039/AN9214600238
Specialized nucleoprotein structures at the origin of replication of bacteriophage lambda: localized unwinding of duplex DNA by a six-protein reaction. (1986)

The O protein of bacteriophage lambda localizes the initiation of DNA replication to a unique site on the lambda genome, ori lambda. By means of electron microscopy, we infer that the binding of O to ori lambda initiates a series of protein addition and transfer reactions that culminate in localized unwinding of the origin DNA, generating a prepriming structure for the initiation of DNA replication. We can define three stages of this prepriming reaction, the first two of which we have characterized previously. First, dimeric O protein binds to multiple DNA binding sites and self-associates to form a nucleoprotein structure, the O-some. Second, lambda P and host DnaB proteins interact with the O-some to generate a larger complex that includes additional DNA from an A + T-rich region adjacent to the O binding sites. Third, the addition of the DnaJ, DnaK, and Ssb proteins and ATP results in an origin-specific unwinding reaction, probably catalyzed by the helicase activity of DnaB. The unwinding reaction is unidirectional, proceeding "rightward" from the origin. The minimal DNA sequence competent for unwinding consists of two O binding sites and the adjacent A + T-rich region to the right of the binding sites. We conclude that the lambda O protein localizes and initiates a six-protein sequential reaction responsible for but preceding the precise initiation of DNA replication. Specialized nucleoprotein structures similar to the O-some may be a general feature of DNA transactions requiring extraordinary precision in localization and control.
Kinetic Studies for the Acyloxy Exchange Reactions of Acyloxytrimethylsilanes with Carboxylic Acids (1979)

Abstract The acyloxy exchange reactions of acyloxysilane with carboxylic acids have been studied kinetically. The rate of reaction has been found to proceed faster with a stronger attacking acid and more basic leaving acyloxy group. The rate was markedly accelerated by the addition of base. The steric effect due to substituents on the silicon atom and hydrogen-deuterium kinetic isotope effects have been examined. A mechanism involving the 5-coordination of the silicon atom prior to the rate-determining proton transfer has been suggested.
LIME: a middleware for physical and logical mobility (2002)

LIME is a middleware supporting the development of applications that exhibit physical mobility of hosts, logical mobility of agents, or both. LIME adapts a coordination perspective inspired by work on the Linda model. The context for computation, represented in Linda by a globally accessible, persistent tuple space, is represented in LIME by transient sharing of the tuple spaces carried by each individual mobile unit. Linda tuple spaces are also extended with a notion of location and with the ability to react to a given state. The hypothesis underlying our work is that the resulting model provides a minimalist set of abstractions that enable rapid and dependable development of mobile applications. In this paper, we illustrate the model underlying LIME, present its current design and implementation, and discuss initial lessons learned in developing applications that involve physical mobility.
Electronic properties and tunability in Si quantum rings (2005)

We present an unconventional scheme that is able to dramatically modify single-electron states as well as their couplings in semiconductor nanostructures. The approach consists in perturbing the wave-function core (rather than the insignificant tail) of nanostructure states. We demonstrate this approach using a structure of silicon quantum rings. Anomalous interstate mixing, large tunability of orbital energy, and uncommon s∕p level crossing are predicted.
Persecution Abroad as Grounds for Withholding Deportation: The Standard of Proof and the Role of the Courts (1982)

The immigration laws of the United States have long recognized a policy against deporting a person who seeks refuge in the United States, when it appears that person would be subject to persecution following deportation. The Immigration Act of 1952 permitted the Immigration and Naturalization Service to withhold the deportation of any person who could show that he would suffer persecution in the nation to which he would be deported. A similar provision is contained in the UN Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. The INS and the courts, having ruled that “no real conflict” existed between the Protocol and the Immigration Act, continued to adhere to to the latter without ever examining the significance of fundamental discrepancies. PERSECUTION ABROAD AS GROUNDS FOR WITHHOLDING DEPORTATION: THE STANDARD OF PROOF AND THE ROLE OF THE COURTS
Selective recycle of viable animal cells by coupling of airlift reactor and cell settler (1992)

A new system for the perfusion culture of animal cells in suspension is described. It consists of an airlift loop reactor and a settling tank for cell retention. Insufficient nutrient and oxygen supply of the cells in the settling tank was prevented by cooling the cell suspension before entering the settler. As a result, the catabolic activity of the cells in the settler was reversibly reduced. Furthermore, the density gradient induced by cooling caused a liquid motion through the settler. Thus, it was not necessary to pump medium containing shear, sensitive cells. With this simple system, it was possible to prduce 2 to 5 g of antibodies in a 5.4-L reactor in continuous runs of 400 to 600 h. The productivity was increased by a factor of 17 and the cell density was 4 times higher in comparison with the corresponding batch system. The cell retention system was found to have the property of separating viable and nonviable cells. With the increasing perfusion rate, dead cells and debris were preferably washed out. For perfusion rates up to 1.3 d(-1), the retention efficiency of the settler was nearly 100% for viable cells; hence, this system may show advantages at the industrial scale.
An acoustic bubble density measurement technique for surface ship waters (1987)

The Dual Frequency Pump Method of acoustically determining point by point bubble cloud densities was studied to determine the practicality of using this acoustic technique to determine bubble densities in surface ship wakes. The dual frequency technique of acoustically detecting bubbles utilizes a high and low frequency sound field to insonify the target bubbles. The bubbles themselves then radiate sound at the sidebands of higher frequency. The frequency of the return sound is proportional to the bubble sizes present. The Dual Frequency Pump Method of bubble detection can differentiate and count many different sized bubbles and is, therefore, well suited for determining ship wake bubble density distributions. The theory, considerations, experimental results, and recommendations of this thesis support the application of the dual frequency acoustic techniques to the ship wake problem. Keywords: Theses; Acoustic bubble density measurement; Surface ship wakes; Bubble resonance; Dual frequency bubble detection; Ultrasonic bubble detection
Student, Critic and Literary Text: A discussion of ‘critical thinking' in a student essay (2000)

Students in higher education are generally advised to demonstrate 'critical thinking' in their essays. However, research evidence shows that students frequently fail to understand what is meant by such advice. This has generated projects which aim at teaching students how to produce essays which give evidence of critical thinking. Such projects tend, however, to emphasise underlying structures and to neglect the fact that a critical essay needs to reflect an engagement with selected items from the literature of the field. This paper seeks to remedy that neglect. It concentrates in some detail on an undergraduate's transformations of an example of literary criticism in her essay on The Woman in White. Within such a context critical thinking corresponds to a Bakhtinian conception of the 'dialogic' in which texts respond to other texts. The paper concludes with a challenge to its own text and so keeps critical thinking in play.
Injectable PLGA microsphere/calcium phosphate cements: physical properties and degradation characteristics (2006)

Calcium phosphate (CaP) cements show an excellent biocompatibility and often have a high mechanical strength, but in general degrade relatively slow. To increase degradation rates, macropores can be introduced into the cement, e.g., by the inclusion of biodegradable microspheres into the cement. The aim of this research is to develop an injectable PLGA microsphere/CaP cement with sufficient setting/cohesive properties and good mechanical and physical properties. PLGA microspheres were prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water double-emulsion technique. The CaP-cement used was Calcibon, a commercially available hydroxyapatite-based cement. 10:90 and 20:80 dry wt% PLGA microsphere/CaP cylindrical scaffolds were prepared as well as microporous cement (reference material). Injectability, setting time, cohesive properties and porosity were determined. Also, a 12-week degradation study in PBS (37 degree C) was performed. Results showed that injectability decreased with an increase in PLGA microsphere content. Initial and final setting time of the PLGA/CaP samples was higher than the microporous sample. Porosity of the different formulations was 40.8% (microporous), 60.2% (10:90) and 69.3% (20:80). The degradation study showed distinct mass loss and a pH decrease of the surrounding medium starting from week 6 with the 10:90 and 20:80 formulations, indicating PLGA erosion. Compression strength of the PLGA microsphere/CaP samples decreased siginificantly in time, the microporous sample remained constant. After 12 weeks both PLGA/CaP samples showed a structure of spherical micropores and had a compressive strength of 12.2 MPa (10:90) and 4.3 MPa (20:80). Signs of cement degradation were also found with the 20:80 formulation. In conclusion, all physical parameters were well within workable ranges with both 10:90 and 20:80 PLGA microsphere/CaP cements. After 12 weeks the PLGA was totally degraded and a highly porous, but strong scaffold remained.
Sterically hindered silyl perchlorates as blocking reagents (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSterically hindered silyl perchlorates as blocking reagentsThomas J. Barton and Christopher R. TullyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 19, 3649–3653Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00413a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00413a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1398Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Multizone Moving Mesh Algorithm for Simulation of Flow Around a Rigid Body With Arbitrary Motion (2005)

In this paper, general motion of a two-dimensional body is modeled using a new moving mesh concept. Solution domain is divided into the three zones. The first zone, with a circular boundary, includes the moving body and facilitates the rotational motion of it. The second zone, with a square boundary, includes the first zone and facilitates the translational motion of the body. The third zone is a background grid in which the second zone moves. With this configuration of grids any two-dimensional motion of a body can be modeled with almost no grid insertion or deletion. However, in some stages of motion we merge or split a few number of elements. The discretization method is control-volume based finite-element, and the unsteady form of the Euler equations are solved using AUSM algorithm. To demonstrate the excellent performance of the present method two moving cases including rotational and translational motions are solved. The results show excellent agreement with experimental data or other numerical results.
Non-restrictive visual respiration monitoring (2002)

We have developed a visual sensing system that monitors respiration for 24 hours non-restrictively. The principle of the system is inter-image subtraction. Compared with conventional methods, the system has advantages which make it suitable for a long-term monitoring: (1) patients experience no physiological burden during sleep, (2) no manual operation is necessary since it has self-optimizing functions for image processing and (3) it judges the patient's sleep condition adequately using statistical analysis. The system thus can, be applied to predict abnormality of health conditions, and thus for example, alert care providers so that action can be taken with a view to preventing the sudden death of elderly people or, in case of children, to prevent occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome. It can be also applied to the detect clinically dangerous sleep apnea syndrome. Experimental results in a nursing home for the aged have shown the efficiency of the system.
Bone Bonding Through Bioadhesives : Present Status (1979)

Until recently use of adhesives was confined to cases in which glued areas could be pre-treated or at least cleaned. Thus, grease or oil contaminated surfaces could not be joined together by glueing. More recently, some adhesives have been developed which allow previous treatment of greasy surfaces to be avoided. Among these we find epoxy resins, acrylics and polyurethances. These adhesives have been used until now in various industries. We have begun a research program with these products and in aiming to design an adhesive which would enable immediate and strong bone bonding and avoid problems of metallic fixation, this study is a continuation of our previous research. Thus we tested - currently available surgical and dental adhesives - original mixtures developed in our laboratory. Mechanical assays were performed on bone samples from human femurs in different conditions : dried, cleaned, fresh, or after immersion in physiological solution. They consist essentially of tensile tests on Lhomargy and Zwick's machine wherein the stress is directed perpendicular to the interface. Variations of tensile strength (in h bar) are related to hardening time and to mixture composition. The specimens are joined together either in monolayers or in multilayers. The use of adequate catalysts ensures setting at room temperature. Torsion tests and fatigue tests are carried out concomitantly. Standardized bevel fermoral osteotomies were performed on mice with a dental saw after I.P. Nembutal anesthesia in order to test biological tolerance : - for the control group we study the evolution of bone repair after circumferential wiring - for the animals under test, bones are glued together with one of the proposed adhesives. Radiological and histological studies (using classical Azantrichrome staining after demineralization) are carried out at regular time intervals. In the control animals particular attention is paid to the time course of the formation, constitution and evolution of callus. In the test animals, we can observe callus formation, bone growth into the adhesive material and glue resorption, and look for specific antigenic phenomena. Despite expected improvements, bone glueing remains a challenge and only restricted clinical applications can be proposed.
Circumvention of multi-drug resistance of cancer cells by Chinese herbal medicines (2010)

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells severely limits therapeutic outcomes. A proposed mechanism for MDR involves the efflux of anti-cancer drugs from cancer cells, primarily mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters including P-glycoprotein. This article reviews the recent progress of using active ingredients, extracts and formulae from Chinese medicine (CM) in circumventing ABC transporters-mediated MDR. Among the ABC transporters, Pgp is the most extensively studied for its role in MDR reversal effects. While other MDR reversal mechanisms remain unclear, Pgp inhibition is a criterion for further mechanistic study. More mechanistic studies are needed to fully establish the pharmacological effects of potential MDR reversing agents.
A functional polymorphism in <i>MMP1</i> could influence osteomyelitis development (2009)

Osteomyelitis (OM) is a bone infection characterized by necrosis and new formation of bone. Because matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) play an important role in bone extracellular matrix remodeling, we investigated the role of some MMP polymorphisms in OM patients. A total of 118 OM patients and 300 blood donors were genotyped for the polymorphisms of MMP1 (-1607 1G/2G) and MMP13 (-77A/G). Levels of MMPs (-1, -2, -3, -8, -9, -10, and -13) and tissue inhibitors of metaloproteases (TIMP-1, -2, and -4) in serum and in human osteoblasts obtained from OM biopsies also were determined. The MMP1 (-1607 2G/2G) genotype was significantly more frequent among OM patients compared with controls [65.3% versus 33.7%, chi(2) = 26.85, odds ratio (OR) = 3.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.03-5.2, p < .0001]. The MMP1 2G allele also was more frequent in OM patients (73.3% versus 57.2%, chi(2) = 37.76, OR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.96-3.85, p < .0001). Carriers of the 2G allele had significantly higher osteoblast MMP1 mRNA and MMP-1 serum levels than noncarriers (p < .04). Interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) increased MMP-1 and -13 protein secretion and Ets1 mRNA expression by OM patients' osteoblasts. No association of the MMP13 (-77 A/G) polymorphism with OM was observed. The MMP1 (-1607 1G/2G) polymorphism might contribute to OM pathogenesis. This could be due to increased expression of MMP-1 by osteoblasts and is regulated by IL-1alpha.
Spatiotemporal data modelling and management: a survey (2002)

Many data objects in the real world have attributes concerning location and time. Such spatiotemporal objects can be found in applications such as geographic information systems (GIS), environmental data management and multimedia databases. Traditional relational database technology is not suitable for managing spatiotemporal data, which are multi-dimensional with complex structures and behaviours. Spatiotemporal data can only be managed by the new generation of data management technologies such as object-oriented and object-relational databases. We present a comprehensive survey covering aspects from fundamental user requirements for spatiotemporal applications, spatiotemporal object modelling, object storage structures and techniques for manipulation of spatiotemporal objects such as multidimensional indexing, data structures, query evaluation strategies and architectures for spatiotemporal database management systems.