gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Urban ecological land in Changsha City: its quantitative analysis and optimization]. (2010)

In this paper, a hierarchy index system suitable for catastrophe progression method was constructed to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the status of ecological land construction in Changsha City in 2007. Based on the evaluation results, the irrationalities of the distribution pattern of Changsha urban ecological land were discussed. With the support of geographic information system (GIS), the ecological corridors of the urban ecological land were constructed by using the 'least-cost' modeling, and, in combining with conflict analysis, the optimum project of the urban ecological land was put forward, forming an integrated evaluation system. The results indicated that the ecological efficiency of urban ecological land in Changsha in 2007 was at medium level, with an evaluation value being 0.9416, and the quantitative index being relatively high but the coordination index being relatively low. The analysis and verification with software Fragstats showed that the ecological efficiency of the urban ecological land after optimization was higher, with the evaluation value being 0.9618, and the SHDI, CONTAG, and other indices also enhanced.
Synthesis of aliphatic polyesters containing tetracyanoquinodimethane units by low‐temperature polycondensation reactions (1986)

Abstract The low‐temperature solution polycondensation reaction between 1,4‐bis‐(2′‐hydroxy‐ethoxy)benzene and adipyl chloride has been studied in N , N ‐dimethylacetamide. The effect of temperature, concentration, and reaction time on the percent yield and product viscosity has been determined. Optimum conditions were established for the preparation of high molecular weight products and then applied to the synthesis of novel tetracyanoquinodimethane polyesters. Products were characterized by gel permeation chromatography.
Induction of In Vitro Reprogramming by Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 Agonists in Murine Macrophages: Effects of TLR “Homotolerance” Versus “Heterotolerance” on NF-κB Signaling Pathway Components (2003)

In this study, tolerance induction by preexposure of murine macrophages to Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 agonists was revisited, focusing on the major signaling components associated with NF-kappaB activation. Pretreatment of macrophages with a pure TLR4 agonist (protein-free Escherichia coli (Ec) LPS) or with TLR2 agonists (Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS or synthetic lipoprotein Pam3Cys) led to suppression of TNF-alpha secretion, IL-1R-associated kinase-1, and IkappaB kinase (IKK) kinase activities, c-jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, and to suppression of NF-kappaB DNA binding and transactivation upon challenge with the same agonist (TLR4 or TLR2 "homotolerance," respectively). Despite inhibited NF-kappaB DNA binding, increased levels of nuclear NF-kappaB were detected in agonist-pretreated macrophages. For all the intermediate signaling elements, heterotolerance was weaker than TLR4 or TLR2 homotolerance with the exception of IKK kinase activity. IKK kinase activity was unperturbed in heterotolerance. TNF-alpha secretion was also suppressed in P. gingivalis LPS-pretreated, Ec LPS-challenged cells, but not vice versa, while Pam3Cys and Ec LPS did not induce a state of cross-tolerance at the level of TNF-alpha. Experiments designed to elucidate novel mechanisms of NF-kappaB inhibition in tolerized cells revealed the potential contribution of IkappaBepsilon and IkappaBxi inhibitory proteins and the necessity of TLR4 engagement for induction of tolerance to Toll receptor-IL-1R domain-containing adapter protein/MyD88-adapter-like-dependent gene expression. Collectively, these data demonstrate that induction of homotolerance affects a broader spectrum of signaling components than in heterotolerance, with selective modulation of specific elements within the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
Recalcitrance and Degradation of Petroleum Biomarkers upon Abiotic and Biotic Natural Weathering of <i>Deepwater Horizon</i> Oil (2014)

Petroleum biomarkers such as hopanoids, steranes, and triaromatic steroids (TAS) are commonly used to investigate the source and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment based on the premise that these compounds are resistant to biotic and abiotic degradation. To test the validity of this premise in the context of the Deepwater Horizon disaster, we investigated changes to these biomarkers as induced by natural weathering of crude oil discharged from the Macondo Well (MW). For surface slicks collected from May to June in 2010, and other oiled samples collected on beaches in the northern Gulf of Mexico from July 2010 until August 2012, hopanoids with up to 31 carbons as well as steranes and diasteranes were not systematically affected by weathering processes. In contrast, TAS and C32- to C35-homohopanes were depleted in all samples relative to 17α(H),21β(H)-hopane (C30-hopane). Compared to MW oil, C35-homohopanes and TAS were depleted by 18 ± 10% and 36 ± 20%, respectively, in surface slicks collected from May to June 2010, and by 37 ± 9% and 67 ± 10%, respectively, in samples collected along beaches from April 2011 through August 2012. Based on patterns of relative losses of individual compounds, we hypothesize biodegradation and photooxidation as main degradation processes for homohopanes and TAS, respectively. This study highlights that (i) TAS and homohopanes can be degraded within several years following an oil spill, (ii) the use of homohopanes and TAS for oil spill forensics must account for degradation, and (iii) these compounds provide a window to parse biodegradation and photooxidation during advanced stages of oil weathering.
학교폭력(집단따돌림) 예방을 위한 초등학교 5학년 표현활동 프로그램 개발 및 적용 (2007)

7차 교육과정을 근거로 한 초등학교 5학년 표현활동의 내용을 분석하여 영역별(창작표현, 우리나라 민속무용, 외국의 민속무용) 프로그램을 개발하고 적용함으로써 교사들에게는 표현활동에 관한 자료를 충분히 제시하여 표현활동 수업에 대한 부담을 줄이고, 학생들에게는 움직임에 대한 경험을 심화하여 학교폭력(집단따돌림) 예방에 일조를 하고자 한다. 개발된 프로그램은 창작표현(6단원 18차시), 우리나라 민속무용(1단원 3차시), 외국의 민속무용(4단원 12차시)이다. 개발된 프로그램을 2006년 3월부터 12월까지 서울특별시 도봉구에 소재하고 있는 5학년 한 학급에 적용한 구체적 효과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 체육과 영역별 흥미도에서 표현활동에 대한 흥미도가 남학생은 낮은 편이고, 여학생은 높은 편이다. 둘째, 표현활동 단일 영역에 대한 흥미도는 사전에 비해 남·녀 모두 높은 편이다. 셋째, 표현활동을 하기 싫어하는 인원은 줄어들었으나, 여전히 재미가 없거나 창피하고 부끄러워서 표현활동 하기를 싫어한다. 넷째, 표현활동을 하고 나서 집단따돌림 가해 소외형 경험이 줄어들었다. 즉, 본 프로그램은 집단따돌림 경험을 줄이는데 그 효과가 있다.
Methodology of eye pressure measurement (1969)

The primary objective of this review is a discussion of the methodology for the measurement of eye pressure. The section on aqueous humor is presented primarily as an overview to the reader so that he may have some perspective of factors which mainta
Highly efficient, high-power, broadly tunable, cryogenically cooled and diode-pumped Yb:CaF_2 (2010)

We present a high-power diode-pumped Yb:CaF(2) laser operating at cryogenic temperature (77 K). A laser output power of 97 W at 1034 nm was extracted for a pump power of 245 W. The corresponding global extraction efficiency (versus absorbed pump power) is 65%. The laser small signal gain was found to be equal to 3.1. The laser wavelength could be tuned between 990 and 1052 nm with peaks that correspond well to the structure of the gain cross-section spectra registered at low temperature.
Implicit rotor-position sensing using motor windings for a self-commutating permanent-magnet drive system (1991)

The paper describes a novel method of rotor-position sensing of permanent-magnet machines, which requires no encoder nor any modification to conventional machines. The machine is electronically commutated, by virtue of position sensing, achieved through measuring the modulation in the inverter carrier frequency component, caused by the positional variation in motor winding impedance. A closed-loop speed control system drives the motor with precision and at maximum efficiency for a wide range of load and speed.
Design and Implementation of an Enterprise Data Warehouse (2011)

The reporting and sharing of information has been synonymous with databases as long as there have been systems to host them. Now more than ever, users expect the sharing of information in an immediate, efficient, and secure manner. However, due to the sheer number of databases within the enterprise, getting the data in an effective fashion requires a coordinated effort between the existing systems. There is a very real need today to have a single location for the storage and sharing of data that users can easily utilize to make improved business decisions, rather than trying to traverse the multiple databases that exist today and can do so by using an enterprise data warehouse. The Thesis involves a description of data warehousing techniques, design, expectations, and challenges regarding data cleansing and transforming existing data, as well as other challenges associated with extracting from transactional databases. The Thesis also includes a technical piece discussing database requirements and technologies used to create and refresh the data warehouse. The Thesis discusses how data from databases and other data warehouses could integrate. In addition, there is discussion of specific data marts within the warehouse to satisfy a specific need. Finally, there are explanations for how users will consume the data in the enterprise data warehouse, such as through reporting and other business intelligence. This discussion also includes the topics of system architecture of how data from databases and other data warehouses from different departments could integrate. An Enterprise Data Warehouse prototype developed will show how a pair of different databases undergoes the Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) process and loaded into an actual set of star schemas then makes the reporting easier. Separately, an important piece of this thesis takes an actual example of data and compares the performance between them by running the same queries against separate databases, one transactional and one data warehouse. As the queries expand in difficulty, larger grows the gap between the actual recorded times of running that same query in the different environments.
Automated anatomical labelling atlas 3 (2019)

Following a first version AAL of the automated anatomical labeling atlas (Tzourio-Mazoyer et al., 2002), a second version (AAL2) (Rolls et al., 2015) was developed that provided an alternative parcellation of the orbitofrontal cortex following the description provided by Chiavaras, Petrides, and colleagues. We now provide a third version, AAL3, which adds a number of brain areas not previously defined, but of interest in many neuroimaging investigations. The 26 new areas in the third version are subdivision of the anterior cingulate cortex into subgenual, pregenual and supracallosal parts; subdivision of the thalamus into 15 parts; the nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, red nucleus, locus coeruleus, and raphe nuclei. The new atlas is available as a toolbox for SPM, and can be used with MRIcron.
A VLSI architecture for advanced video coding motion estimation (2004)

With the advent of new video standards such as MPEG-4 part-10 and H.264/H.26L, demands for advanced video coding (AVC), particularly in area of variable block searching motion estimation (VBSME), are increasing. This has led to research into suitable flexible hardware architectures to perform the various types of VBSME. We propose a new 1-D VLSI architecture for full search variable block size motion estimation (FSVBSME). The variable block size, sum of absolute differences (SAD) computation is performed by reusing the results of smaller subblock computations. These are permuted and combined by incorporating a shuffling mechanism within each processing element (PE). Whereas a conventional 1-D architecture can process only one motion vector, this architecture can process up to 41 motion vector (MV) subblocks (within a macroblock) in a comparable number of clock cycles.
Spatial Distribution of the Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Protein of the Nuclear Receptor Coactivator, Amplified in Breast Cancer-3, in Mice (2003)

Transcriptional activities of nuclear receptors are modulated by coactivators and corepressors. The amplified in breast cancer-3 protein (AIB3, also known as ASC-2, RAP250, PRIP, TRBP, and NCR) is a newly identified nuclear receptor coactivator that is amplified and overexpressed in breast cancers. This study aims to investigate the spatial expression of AIB3 mRNA and protein in various murine tissues. Quantitative measurements revealed that the concentrations of AIB3 mRNA differ substantially in different tissues in a descending order from the following: testis, brain, thymus, white fat, pituitary, ovary, adrenal gland, lung, uterus, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and virgin mammary gland. The AIB3 mRNA level in the testis is 165-fold higher than that in the virgin mammary gland. Specific antiserum was generated and used to map the distribution of AIB3 protein by immunohistochemistry. Although AIB3 protein was detected in many tissues, the AIB3 immunoreactivities varied significantly from cell type to cell type. High levels of AIB3 immunoreactivity were observed in hormone target cells including the testicular Sertoli cells, follicular granulosa cells, and epithelial cells of the prostate, uterus, mammary gland, and kidney tubules. Medium and low levels of AIB3 immunoreactivities were also detected in a variety of other cell types. These results demonstrate that AIB3 mRNA and protein are preferentially expressed in specific cell types, suggesting that AIB3 may support the function of nuclear receptors in a cell type-specific manner.
Design and Analysis of a Two-Speed Line Start Synchronous Motor: Scheme One (2015)

Line-start permanent magnet motors have many advantages, such as high efficiency, high power factor, high power density, and good thermal performances. Also, they do not need to use an inverter in comparison with brushless dc motors. The mentioned advantages have introduced these motors as a good alternative for induction motors in industry. However, there are some drawbacks that limit the use of them. One of these drawbacks is that line start permanent magnet (LSPM) motors could only rotate at one speed due to the fixed polarity of permanent magnets. This matter limits the implementation of LSPM motor for some applications that need two rotating speeds, such as fans and pumps. This paper presents a good scheme that enables LSPM motors to rotate at two different speeds. This scheme is based on combining LSPM motor with synchronous reluctance motor. To validate the proposed scheme, the designed motor has been analyzed by using finite-element method. Simulation results verify the theoretical findings, and show that the proposed scheme leads to good performances at both low- and high-speed operation of the motor.
The Phytopathological Significance of Mycelial Individualism (1991)

Phytopathologists have long been aware of the considerable intraspecific variation that can exist in natural populations of phytopathogenic mycelial fungi. However, the significance of this variation has largely been perceived in terms of fungal-plant rather than interfungal relationships. Corresponding­ ly, questions about variation in the pathogenicity and virulence of different fungal lineages have received more attention than questions about the way in which these lineages have the potential to interact antagonistically or syn­ ergistically with one another (55). The purpose of this article is to explore the many ways in which mycelial interactions may, nonetheless, be relevant to our understanding of the etiology and control of plant disease. An important step in understanding mycelial interactions is to have a clear perspective of the units of selection in natural fungal populations. Historical­ ly, this issue has been clouded both by the indeterminate nature of fungal mycelia, which have the potential to continue extension indefinitely, and by the concept that hyphal anastomosis could allow extensive cooperation be­ tween colonies of diverse genetic origin (22, 57, 58). The resultant view that members of the same species could pool their genetic resources in a versatile
Shape Adjustment between Multiply Twinned and Single-Crystalline Polyhedral Gold Nanocrystals:  Decahedra, Icosahedra, and Truncated Tetrahedra (2008)

Polyhedral gold nanocrystals with decahedral, icosahedral, and truncated tetrahedral shapes are synthesized by a simple one-pot polyol process in the prescence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). High PVP concentration up to 360 equiv of the gold precursor, HAuCl4, effectively stabilizes decahedral seeds to yield uniform decahedra with various edge sizes. Decreased PVP concentration subsequently leads to selective formation of icosahedra and truncated tetrahedra. This results from a combination between the relative energy difference of the polyhedral structures and the oxidative etching rate of the seeds by Cl-/O2 during the reaction. The distinct morphologies of gold nanocrystals exhibit characteristic extinction patterns in the UV−vis−NIR ranges, and these properties are successfully analyzed by the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) calculation. Most extinctions stem from the polar and azimuthal dipolar excitations, and azimuthal quardrupole resonance appears between two dipolar bands in the 88-nm decahedra. Given these shape- and size-dependent optical properties, gold nanocrystals hold considerable promise for biomedical and photonic applications.
Synthetic seismograms for marine sediments and determination of porosity and permeability (1988)

Abstract We present numerical simulations of vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) of marine sediments. The theoretical seismograms, which are computed for vertically incident waves in flat layered poroelastic media, include the effects of dispersion and attenuation predicted by Biot theory. According to Biot theory, fast and slow compressional waves are excited and there is mode conversion at the interfaces. We include this effect in the calculation of reflection and transmission coefficients as an energy-loss mechanism through the slow compressional waves. Finally, we examine the spectral ratio method for determining porosity and permeability from synthetic seismogram data. Analytical expressions for the velocity and specific attenuation are found based on the weak-frame approximation. Once the frequency-dependent velocity and specific attenuation are calculated, the porosity and permeability of marine sediments can be determined by using the proposed weak-frame approximations. Spectral ratio calculations on synthetic examples show that Biot's theory incorporated in the VSP method can be used to determine the porosity and permeability of marine sediments.
Crystallization and fracture behaviors of high‐density polyethylene/linear low‐density polyethylene blends: The influence of short‐chain branching (2013)

Abstract Two commercial polyethylene samples, linear high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and branched linear low‐density polyethylene with almost the same molecular weight distribution but different contents of short‐chain branching (SCB) were melt blended based on the consideration of practical application. Dynamic rheology analysis indicated good compatibility of all the blends with different compositions. Common differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tests and successive self‐nucleation and annealing (SSA) treatment showed several interesting phenomena. First, without consideration of the effect of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution impact, co‐crystallization occurred at all ratios even the two components had a considerable difference in SCB distribution. Second, in SSA curves the area of the first two melting peaks, i.e., the amount of the thick lamellas of the two components showed an obvious positive deviation with the increase of HDPE content owing to the crystal perfection improved by the co‐crystallization. Essential Work of Fracture tests proved the co‐crystallization effects had a positive effect on the improvement of the resistance to crack propagation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Extending technology to drive by wire control (2002)

This paper highlights the development of a full authority electronic drive control system (commonly termed "drive-by-wire"). The system is designed to operate within the larger integrated vehicle electronic system (vetronic) architecture established for ground vehicles. It employs a number of modes which control the vehicle dynamics, track tension, suspension, and ride qualities. Through a dual-redundant computer architecture, drive-by-wire (DBW) affects all aspects of the vehicle dynamics, control, and mobility. One of the most significant aspects of this control system is it's capability to alter the maneuverability and handling qualities of the vehicle through dynamic compensation DBW control laws provide improved stability and shape the driver control commands through active feedback. The vehicle's augmented dynamics significantly extend the performance capabilities as well as enhance the safety characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation and characterization of Mn-Ir/Fe-Si exchange-coupled multilayer film with Ru underlayer for high-frequency applications (2005)

Fe-Si magnetic film and Mn-Ir/Fe-Si exchange-coupled film with an Ru underlayer were fabricated and evaluated. Both coercivity and anisotropy dispersion were reduced due to the Ru underlayer effect on the magnetic properties of Fe-Si magnetic film and Mn-Ir/Fe-Si exchange-coupled film. Even in the Mn-Ir/Fe-Si exchange-coupled multilayer film with an Ru underlayer, the coercivity of the upper Fe-Si layer was reduced.
The Effect of Carbon Monoxide Inhalation on Pulse Oximetry and Transcutaneous Po 2 (1987)

Five dogs were anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated with various mixtures of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide. Each dog was monitored with arterial and pulmonary artery catheters, a transcutaneous PO2 analyzer, and two pulse oximeters. An IL-282 Co-oximeter was used to periodically measure arterial oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) as percentages of the total hemoglobin. The PaO2, PaCO2, and pHa were measured in the same blood specimens using standard electrodes. When the inspired oxygen concentration was reduced in the absence of COHb, the pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) estimated O2Hb with reasonable accuracy. COHb levels were then varied slowly from 0-75% in each dog. As the COHb level increased and oxyhemoglobin decreased, both pulse oximeters continued to read an oxygen saturation of greater than 90%, while the actual O2Hb fell below 30%. In the presence of COHb, the SpO2 is approximately the sum of COHb and O2Hb, and, thus, may seriously overestimate O2Hb. The pulse oximeter, as the sole indicator of blood oxygenation, should, therefore, be used with caution in patients with recent carbon monoxide exposure. On the other hand, transcutaneous PO2 falls linearly as COHb increases, and reaches about one-fifth of its initial value at the highest COHb levels despite the maintenance of constant arterial PO2.