gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increase in Endogenous Brain Superoxide Dismutase as a Potential Mechanism of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Brain Ischemic Tolerance (2000)

A low dose (0.5 mg/kg) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), administered 72 hours before 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion, induced a delayed neuroprotection proven by the significant decrease (-35%) of brain infarct volume in comparison with control, whereas infarct volumes remained unchanged in rats treated 12, 24, or 168 hours before ischemia. This delayed neuroprotective effect of LPS was induced only with low doses (0.25 to 1 mg/kg), whereas this effect disappeared with a higher dose (2 mg/kg). The delayed neuroprotection of LPS was induced in the cortical part of the infarcted zone, not in the subcortical part. The beneficial effect of LPS on consequences of middle cerebral artery occlusion was suppressed by dexamethasone (3 mg/kg) and indomethacin (3 mg/ kg) administered 1 hour before LPS, whereas both drugs had no direct effect on infarct volume by themselves, suggesting that activation of inflammatory pathway is involved in the development of LPS-induced brain ischemic tolerance. Preadministration of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, also blocked LPS-induced brain ischemic tolerance suggesting that a protein synthesis is also necessary as a mediating mechanism. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) could be one of the synthesized proteins because lipopolysaccharide increased SOD brain activity 72 hours, but not 12 hours, after its administration, which paralleled the development of brain ischemic tolerance. In contrast, catalase brain activity remained unchanged after LPS administration. The LPS-induced delayed increase in SOD brain content was suppressed by a previous administration of indomethacin. These data suggest that the delayed neuroprotective effect of low doses of LPS is mediated by an increased synthesis of brain SOD that could be triggered by activation of inflammatory pathway.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia initially presenting with polymyalgia rheumatica (2009)

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a clinical syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by aching and stiffness in the shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, and neck that occurs in people over the age of 50 years. New-onset proximal muscle pain and stiffness in subjects older than 50 are the most common symptoms of PMR, but polymyalgic pain can also be present in patients with malignant neoplasms. The musculoskeletal system may be involved in malignancy either directly or indirectly, particularly in cases involving hematological malignancies. Only a few cases of cancer-associated PMR have been reported worldwide, and this is the first in Korea. We report the case of a 58-year-old man diagnosed with PMR associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (Korean J Med 76:S234-S237, 2009)
Quantum Confinement in Amorphous Silicon Quantum Dots Embedded in Silicon Nitride (2001)

Amorphous silicon quantum dots (a-Si QDs) were grown in a silicon nitride film by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Transmission electron micrographs clearly demonstrated that a-Si QDs were formed in the silicon nitride. Photoluminescence and optical absorption energy measurement of a-Si QDs with various sizes revealed that tuning of the photoluminescence emission from 2.0 to 2.76 eV is possible by controlling the size of the a-Si QD. Analysis also showed that the photoluminescence peak energy E was related to the size of the a-Si QD, a (nm) by E(eV) = 1.56+2.40/a(2), which is a clear evidence for the quantum confinement effect in a-Si QDs.
Adapted head- and eye-movement responses to added-head inertia. (1986)

Adaptation to inertia added to the head was studied in man by mounting masses on a rigidly attached helmet. Two- to ten-fold increases of inertia were thus produced, while an overhead suspension compensated for the weights. Eye and head positions and corresponding velocities were simultaneously recorded during eye-head tracking of a target stepping at 0.2 Hz in the horizontal direction. Without added inertia, fast gaze movements are type III, the accelerated head movement coming early and the resulting VOR truncating the simultaneous eye movement saccade in both amplitude and velocity. Head oscillations are fast and overcompensated by higher gain VOR. With added inertia, the adapted head movement is slowed and delayed. This permits the eye movement saccade to be completed before head movement begins and to escape truncation; the saccade is normal or slightly increased in amplitude. Head oscillations are slow and compensated by normal gain VOR. Either truncation of the saccade or overcompensation of the VOR leads to eye movement and gaze position error that is corrected for by secondary corrective saccades. These same two errors in gaze coordination could explain the cause of the perceived oscillopsia. Oscillopsia, or continual displacement or instability of the visual worlds, is a symptom of breakdown of space constancy, and was prominent and consistent in perceptual reports of our subjects. Adaptation resulting from adding inertia to the head occurred much faster than that induced by adding prisms or lenses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stabilized Magic Eye Indicator for Karl Fischer Titrations (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStabilized Magic Eye Indicator for Karl Fischer TitrationsRichard KieselbachCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 12, 1578–1579Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60036a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60036a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-speed low-parasitic low-divergence 635 nm singlemodelasers (1998)

Low-parasitic ridge waveguide 635 nm low-divergence singlemode lasers have been fabricated with isolation etching though a quantum well region and p-contact lift-off process to reduce the junction capacitance. An electrical modulation speed of up to 2.7 GHz has been achieved at 20°C and of 1.4 GHz at 50°C.
Physiological Fitness of Schoolboys (1969)

A pilot study was carried out on 25 schoolboys to establish the test procedure to be adopted in a subsequent longitudinal study of physiological fitness and performance in sport. Two bicycle ergometer methods were compared, one being Åstrand's and the other Müller's. Åstrand's method was chosen as superior in internal consistency, reliability and practicability
Drug treatment of epilepsy (1999)

It is conventional to speak of someone having epilepsy, but it might be better—particularly in relation to promoting better drug treatment—if we were to think in terms of one of the epilepsies.Appropriate management requires not only that doctors differentiate between epilepsy and other similar attacks but also that they identify correctly patients' seizure types and, in some cases, the syndrome (for example, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy). A detailed discussion of the differential diagnosis is outside the scope of this review. However, it is worth emphasising that the diagnosis is usually made from the description of the episodes obtained from the patient or eyewitnesses, or both. This information is often, but not always, supported or supplemented by findings from electroencephalography. Information on diagnosis, investigations, and general principles of treatment can be found in textbooks, 1 2 and videos illustrating different types of seizure are now fairly readily available. Ideally, the diagnosis should be made or confirmed by a specialist, who will also advise on treatment. Nonetheless, doctors who do not have a specialist interest in epilepsy will often be required to take a hand in treatment. This brief review is intended primarily for them.

#### Summary points

As a clinical pharmacologist with some training in neurology, I have been running an epilepsy clinic for many years. This review is based on a synthesis of my …
A malware variants detection methodology with an opcode based feature method and a fast density based clustering algorithm (2016)

Malware is one of the most terrible and major security threats facing the Internet today. In practice, the most widely used malware detection method is static detection. Static detection is effective for many types of malware. Operation code (opcode) sequences is one of the most important malware features for static analysis. In this paper, our goal is to optimize the accuracy and performance based on opcode features. Due to the diversity of the operation code, resulting in a large dimensions of feature of the malware, which will lead to low performance. We propose an information entropy based feature extraction method to extract a few but very useful information as representation of malware instances. At the same time, because of the low performance of the machine learning algorithm and the large set of features in the training and detection phase. We propose a generic Fast Density-Based Clustering algorithm for fast and accurately clustering malware instances. And our experiments demonstrate that our automated malware variant detection methodology is able to achieve high accuracy with significant speedup comparing with the other state-of-art approaches.
Angle-resolved coherent optical wave mixing (2010)

A generalized approach is derived for the analysis of angle-resolved coherent optical wave mixing. Remarkably with this, a signal is calculated to remain efficiently generated for the arbitrary evolution of a quantum superposition state and for energy transfer spanning an ultrawide bandwidth in solution. This approach is compact and applies across matter processes and wave-mixing schemes. A high sensitivity and sampling rate are shown to be intrinsic to angle-resolved wave mixing and an angle-resolved six-wave mixing scheme is proposed for the mapping of molecular structure.
Improved identification of the solution space of aerosol microphysical properties derived from the inversion of profiles of lidar optical data, part 2: simulations with synthetic optical data (2016)

We developed a mathematical scheme that allows us to improve retrieval products obtained from the inversion of multiwavelength Raman/HSRL lidar data, commonly dubbed "3 backscatter+2 extinction" (3β+2α) lidar. This scheme works independently of the automated inversion method that is currently being developed in the framework of the Aerosol-Cloud-Ecosystem (ACE) mission and which is successfully applied since 2012 [Atmos. Meas. Tech.7, 3487 (2014)10.5194/amt-7-3487-2014; "Comparison of aerosol optical and microphysical retrievals from HSRL-2 and in-situ measurements during DISCOVER-AQ 2013 (California and Texas)," in International Laser Radar Conference, July 2015, paper PS-C1-14] to data collected with the first airborne multiwavelength 3β+2α high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) developed at NASA Langley Research Center. The mathematical scheme uses gradient correlation relationships we presented in part 1 of our study [Appl. Opt.55, 9839 (2016)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.55.009839] in which we investigated lidar data products and particle microphysical parameters from one and the same set of optical lidar profiles. For an accurate assessment of regression coefficients that are used in the correlation relationships we specially designed the proximate analysis method that allows us to search for a first-estimate solution space of particle microphysical parameters on the basis of a look-up table. The scheme works for any shape of particle size distribution. Simulation studies demonstrate a significant stabilization of the various solution spaces of the investigated aerosol microphysical data products if we apply this gradient correlation method in our traditional regularization technique. Surface-area concentration can be estimated with an uncertainty that is not worse than the measurement error of the underlying extinction coefficients. The retrieval uncertainty of the effective radius is as large as ±0.07 μm for fine mode particles and approximately 100% for particle size distributions composed of fine (submicron) and coarse (supermicron) mode particles. The volume concentration uncertainty is defined by the sum of the uncertainty of surface-area concentration and the uncertainty of the effective radius. The uncertainty of number concentration is better than 100% for any radius domain between 0.03 and 10 μm. For monomodal PSDs, the uncertainties of the real and imaginary parts of the CRI can be restricted to ±0.1 and ±0.01 on the domains [1.3; 1.8] and [0; 0.1], respectively.
Management of Cystine Nephrolithiasis with Alpha-Mercaptopropionylglycine (1986)

The effect of long-term treatment with alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine was examined in 66 patients with cystinuria. Of the patients 49 took D-penicillamine before therapy, whereas 17 did not. Over-all side effects to alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine were common, and occurred in 75.5 per cent of the patients with and 64.7 per cent without a history of D-penicillamine treatment, compared to 83.7 per cent who suffered toxicity to D-penicillamine. Serious adverse reactions requiring cessation of therapy were less common with alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine. Among the patients who took both drugs 30.6 per cent had to stop taking alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine, whereas 69.4 per cent could not tolerate D-penicillamine. Of the latter group with toxicity to D-penicillamine before therapy, whereas 17 did therapy only 5.9 per cent had side effects to alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine of sufficient severity to require withdrawal. Alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine was equally as effective as D-penicillamine in reducing cystine excretion. During long-term treatment with alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine (average dose 1,193 mg. per day) urinary cystine levels were maintained at 350 to 560 mg. per day and urinary cystine was kept at undersaturated levels. Commensurate with these changes, alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine produced remission of stone formation in 63 to 71 per cent of the patients and reduced individual stone formation rate in 81 to 94 per cent. Thus, alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine has a definite therapeutic role in cystinuric patients with toxicity to D-penicillamine.
Hookworm infection in pregnancy (1995)

Journal Article Hookworm infection in pregnancy Get access D.A.P. Bundy, D.A.P. Bundy 1WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology of Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.S. Chan, M.S. Chan 1WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology of Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Savioli L. Savioli 2Programme of Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Division of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 89, Issue 5, September-October 1995, Pages 521–522, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(95)90093-4 Published: 01 September 1995 Article history Received: 19 December 1994 Revision received: 24 May 1995 Accepted: 24 May 1995 Published: 01 September 1995
The Synthesis and Properties of Covalent Organic Perchlorates (1988)

The review is devoted to the chemistry of perchloric acid esters — a relatively little investigated class of compounds with exceptionally interesting properties. Data on the methods of synthesis and reactivities of covalent organic perchlorates are described systematically and surveyed. The bibliography includes 141 references.
Comparative Epidemiology of Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza A in Households (2010)

Pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus has characteristics that are broadly similar to those of seasonal influenza A viruses in terms of rates of viral shedding, clinical illness, and transmissibility in the household setting.
Time‐dependent block of the slowly activating delayed rectifier K<sup>+</sup> current by chromanol 293B in guinea‐pig ventricular cells (2000)

The slowly activating delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(Ks)) was recorded in single myocytes dissociated from guinea-pig ventricles and the mechanism underlying the block of I(Ks) by a chromanol derivative, 293B, was investigated. In the presence of 1 - 100 microM 293B, activation phase of I(Ks) was followed by a slower decay during 10 s depolarizing pulses. Both the rate and extent of the decay were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The relationship between the concentration of 293B and the block showed a Hill's coefficient of approximately 1. The half-inhibitory concentration was approximately 3.0 microM and did not differ significantly at various membrane potentials from +20 to +80 mV. A mathematical model for the 293B block was constructed on the basis of multiple closed and open states for the I(Ks) channels, and the blocking rate was calculated by fitting the model to the original current traces. The blocking rate constant showed a linear function with the 293B concentration, indicating 1 : 1 binding stoichiometry. At +80 mV the blocking rate was 4x10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and the unblocking rate was 0.2 s(-1). The results indicate that 293B is an open channel blocker with relatively smaller blocking rate than those reported so far for time-dependent blockade of various ionic channels.
Bergenin is the Antiarrhythmic Principle of Fluggea virosa (2002)

Bergenin was isolated from the aerial parts of Fluggea virosa (Euphorbiaceae). Its structure was elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral data. Anti-arrhythmic effects of bergenin were investigated. At concentrations of 0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg, and 0.8 mg/kg, bergenin showed distinct therapeutic effects on BaCl2-induced arrhythmias in rats. At concentrations of 0.4 mg/kg and 0.8 mg/kg bergenin significantly countered arrhythmias induced by ligation and reperfusion of the coronary artery. At 0.8 mg/kg, bergenin elevated the atria fibrillation threshold in rabbits from 1.34 mV to 1.92 mV. Our results suggest that bergenin has good potential to treat cardiac arrhythmias.
Proteases New Perspectives (1999)

This book provides an account of the recent advances in our understanding of the role of proteases under physiological and pathological conditions. It reviews the contributions that have been made in
논문 : 정조의 자주론과 수운 최제우의 민족의식 (2011)

19세기는 세도정치로 노론을 중심으로 하는 특정 세력의 강화와 문화적으로 중인 계층의 성장이 두드러진 시기였다. 그럼에도 백성들의 사회적 지위와 경제적 현실은 18세기 후반보다 못한 것이 사실이었다. 이는 세도장치로 인하여 三政이 문란해지고 겹치는 흉년과 역병으로 백성들의 삶이 어려워졌기 때문이다. 더불어 서양 세력의 침투로 인하여 조정을 비롯한 중앙정치세력과 경향 각지의 각 계층들 모두가 불안해하던 시기였다. 이러한 시대상황에서 水雲 崔濟愚는 백성들을 조정의 학정과 외세의 침략으로부터 구제하기 위한 새로운 사상인 東學을 창시하였다. 선천의 시대를 마감하고 後天의 시대를 맞이하여 백성들의 세상을 만들어야 한다는 궁극적인 진리가 동학에 담겨있다. 동학은 19세기 세도정치시기 三政의 문란으로 극도로 피폐해져가는 백성들에게 희망을 주는 종교이자 사상이었다. 그 사상의 바탕에서 사람을 하늘과 같이 존중하는 위민사상이 바탕에 있었다. 수운은 그 위민사상을 부친인 최옥으로부터 배웠다. 공식적 스승이 없이 최옥으로부터 학문을 익혔던 최제우는 아버지 최옥의 영향에서 벗어날 수 없었다. 최옥은 영남 남인의 名儒로서 정조시대 개혁정책과 정조 사후 세도정치의 현실을 적나라하게 목격한 인물이자, 정조시대 위민정책과 국가의 자주의식을 정확히 이해하고 있었던 인물이었다. 특히 그는 정조 사후의 시대를 末世로 규정한 인물이기도 했다. 그래서 그는 정조시대의 정신적 가치와 영남 남인의 사유체계를 최제우에게 전승하였고, 최제우는 이러한 교육을 기반으로 새로운 사상을 창시할 수 있었다. 정조와 최제우가 시대가 달랐음에도 두 사람의 사상은 최옥이라는 연결고리를 통해 사상의 계승이 이루어졌다고 할 수 있다. 최제우는 서학과 함께 서양 세력이 무력을 동원해서 동양 사회를 침략하고자 하는 의도를 파악하고 외세의 침입을 막는 것이 중요하다고 인식하였다. 그렇기 때문에 서양 세력들을 막기 위해서 조선의 백성들이 새로운 의식을 가지고 단합해야 한다고 역설한 것이다. 더불어 그는 일본의 조선 침탈을 예견하고 있었다. 그렇기 때문에 동학을 통해 자주적 힘을 키워 백성들을 안심시키야 한다고 강조하였다. 또한 최제우는 올바른 사회로 만들기 위해 劍舞를 강조하여 자주 의식을 강화하였다. 이러한 외세에 침탈당하지 않는 나라를 만들어야 한다는 민족주의 의식은 동학의 기본 바탕이 되었다. 이와 같은 자주적 민족주의는 동학의 輔國安民 사상으로 발전하였고, 1894년 농민전쟁에서 척양척왜의 기반이 되었다.
The Use of Intraoperative Grid Pattern Markings in Lipoplasty (2004)

Intraoperative grid pattern markings have been used in the performance of liposuction. Grid pattern markings include series of longitudinal and transverse lines to delineate various anatomical boundaries and landmarks, including the midline, lateral line, and medial line. The markings are superimposed on the customary preoperative markings and divide broad or circumferential body surfaces into smaller subunits for liposuction. Grid pattern markings are applied to areas such as the anterior thighs, medial thighs, entire abdomen, flanks, back, arms, buttocks, calves, and ankles; they are not applied to smaller, less curved areas. Eighty-two consecutive patients underwent lipoplasty in 562 areas of the body. The revision rate for postliposuction contour irregularities was 4.0 percent (nine of 224 areas) where grid pattern markings were used; one area had an indentation type of contour irregularity and required autologous fat grafting. The revision rate was 1.5 percent (five of 328 areas) where grid pattern markings were not used; two areas in one patient had indentation-type contour irregularities and required autologous fat grafting. All remaining areas requiring revision had protuberant-type contour irregularities and responded to additional liposuction only. The use of grid pattern markings is associated with a low incidence of serious contour-related complications.
A Novel Image-Analysis Toolbox Enabling Quantitative Analysis of Root System Architecture   (2011)

We present in this paper a novel, semiautomated image-analysis software to streamline the quantitative analysis of root growth and architecture of complex root systems. The software combines a vectorial representation of root objects with a powerful tracing algorithm that accommodates a wide range of image sources and quality. The root system is treated as a collection of roots (possibly connected) that are individually represented as parsimonious sets of connected segments. Pixel coordinates and gray level are therefore turned into intuitive biological attributes such as segment diameter and orientation as well as distance to any other segment or topological position. As a consequence, user interaction and data analysis directly operate on biological entities (roots) and are not hampered by the spatially discrete, pixel-based nature of the original image. The software supports a sampling-based analysis of root system images, in which detailed information is collected on a limited number of roots selected by the user according to specific research requirements. The use of the software is illustrated with a time-lapse analysis of cluster root formation in lupin (Lupinus albus) and an architectural analysis of the maize (Zea mays) root system. The software, SmartRoot, is an operating system-independent freeware based on ImageJ and relies on cross-platform standards for communication with data-analysis software.
Volatile Constituents from Leaves and Stems of<i>Protium heptaphyllum</i>(Aubl.) March. (1995)

ABSTRACT The essential oils from the leaves and stems of Protium heptaphyllum were analyzed by GC/MS. The major volatile constituents obtained from the leaves were terpinolene (15.45%), β-elemene (22.09%) and β-caryophyllene (11.11%), while the main component of the stem oil was terpinolene (40.28%).