gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction in striatal 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover following chronic administration of ethanol to rats. (1987)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 10% (v/v) ethanol to drink for 28 days and the effects of the drug on the brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) turnover were studied. Turnover was decreased in the corpus striatum after ethanol treatment due to a decrease in 5-hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid (5-HIAA), and an increase in 5-HT, concentration. Noradrenaline concentration was also increased in this region, but those of dopamine and GABA were similar to control values. Ethanol had no effect on any of the neurotransmitters studied in the brain stem and hippocampus, nor on the activity of monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) and 5-HT uptake in the three brain regions. Chronic ethanol administration caused a selective decrease in striatal 5-HT turnover which was unrelated to either its rate of inactivation, or the activity of other brain neurotransmitters. These findings are discussed in relation to those obtained in previous studies.
Joint AVO Inversion for Time-Lapse Elastic Reservoir Properties (2012)

Abstract For time-lapse seismic inversion, it is common that baseline and monitor survey data are separately inverted to elastic properties. Elastic property changes are obtained from difference in the two inversion results. Buland and Quair (2006) proposed novel time-lapse inversion method based on the Bayesian theorem, in which posterior distribution of elastic property change are obtained from seismic data difference between two surveys along with the prior information. However, individual elastic properties at baseline (or repeat) survey cannot be simultaneously obtained. Moreover, they assumed constant wavelet although individual wavelets are commonly used in different vintage data. Therefore, to overcome the limitations, we have developed a new time-lapse seismic inversion method. The method uses both baseline and monitor survey data, instead of only uses the difference, and simultaneously obtains elastic properties (e.g., P- and S-wave velocities and density) at baseline survey and the changes at monitor survey as well as the uncertainties. Furthermore, the developed method allows us to use individual wavelet in each seismic data, resulting in multicomponent data which can be used. The method is applied to Hangingstone oilfield in Canada, where heavy-oil with 8.5 °API has been produced by SAGD method and time-lapse seismic data were acquired; baseline survey in 2002 and repeat survey in 2006. Both P-P and P-S data are available in the monitor survey while only P-P data is available in the baseline survey. We use all the available seismic data to obtain initial elastic properties at the baseline survey, which reasonably well agree with well log data, as well as the elastic property change due to steam injection. Furthermore, the elastic property change is converted to temperature change within reservoir by using heavy-oil rock physics model, which are reasonably consistent with measurement at observation wells.
Comparison of carbon fiber and cesium iodide-coated carbon fiber cathodes (2000)

Presents results of an experimental comparison of a bare carbon fiber cathode and the same cathode when coated with cesium iodide salt (CsI). An annular cathode was constructed by arranging carbon fibers in an annular tuft pattern. The cathode was then operated as a bare carbon fiber cathode and in a configuration with a CsI coating. The cathode was tested at electric field strengths ranging from 50 kV/cm to 265 kV/cm at anode-cathode (A-K) gaps of 3.175 cm. The applied voltage had a 1-/spl mu/s duration and the modulator was operated at up to 1 Hz repetition rate. The system had a low base pressure (<1.0/spl times/10/sup -7/ torr). The article reports on results concerning the conditioning of the cathodes, the shot-to-shot reproducibility of the cathodes and the pressure evolution of the diode under 1 Hz operation. We also report on the impedance evolution of each of the diodes.
Predicted and measured transmission and diffraction by a metallic mesh coating (2009)

Metallic mesh coatings are used on visible and infrared windows and domes to provide shielding from electromagnetic interference (EMI) and as heaters to de-fog or de-ice windows or domes. The periodic metallic mesh structures that provide the EMI shielding and/or resistive electrical paths for the heating elements create a diffraction pattern when optical or infrared beams are incident on the coated windows. Over the years several different mesh geometries have been used to try to reduce the effects of diffraction. We have fabricated several different mesh patterns on small coupons of BK-7 and measured the transmitted power and the diffraction patterns of each one using a CW 1064 nm laser. In this paper we will present some predictions and measurements of the diffraction patterns of several different mesh patterns.
缺乏作用的記憶型 CD8 T 淋巴球在肝臟中增殖並形成週邊記憶型 CD8 T 淋巴球 (2010)

Upon adoptive transfer into congenic histocompatible hosts, naive CD8+ T cells stimulated ex vivo by TCR in the presence of IL-4 persist in the hosts and become long-lived memory cells. A unique subset of memory CD8+ T cells resides in the liver (TLM) and this subset is highly reduced in the IL-15Ralpha-knockout (ko) liver. TLM cells are similar to effector memory (TEM) cells in that they are both CD62LlowCCR7-, but are unlike TEM cells in that they express reduced IFN-gamma inducibility, cytolytic activity and TCR-induced proliferation. CFSE dilution assay results indicate that TLM cells undergo IL-15Ralpha-dependent proliferation. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that the TLM cells form a large number of cell clusters in the liver of WT but not IL-15Ralpha-ko mice. TLM cells form clusters through clonal expansion because adoptive transfer of an admixture of TCR+ IL-4-activated Vbeta8+ and Vbeta5+ CD8+ T cells results in clusters composed exclusively of Vbeta5+ or Vbeta8+ cells. Clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells is also found in the liver of Listeria monocytogenes-immune mice. TLM cell clusters in the liver are located around the sinusoid, closely associate with hepatic stellate cells, and are in close association with IL-15+ and IL-15Ralpha+ dendrite-like processes. Sorted CD62Llow TLM cells can migrate to other organs after re-transfer and display increased CD62L expression and become phenotypically similar to central memory (TCM) cells. Our results bring to light a previously unappreciated role of the liver in the growth and maintenance of memory CD8+ T cells. These results also indicate that clonal growth of memory CD8+ T cells in the liver is a normal physiological process and that caution should be exercised in interpreting focal lymphoid growth in clinical liver biopsy specimens as pathology and not normal physiology.
Autonomous vehicle sequencing algorithm at isolated intersections (2009)

In this paper, we study a theoretical traffic control problem with the consideration of vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. During the control process, vehicles approaching the intersection inform the control center their data, then the control center authorizes each vehicle a precise time to cross intersection by analyzing the received information. Our objective is to minimize the time of evacuating all autonomous vehicles at intersection and the key point is to decide an optimal vehicle passing order. An dynamic programming algorithm is proposed to solve this problem.
Association of the transmembrane TGF-alpha precursor with a protein kinase complex. (1994)

A variety of growth factors including transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) are synthesized as transmembrane precursors. The short cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane TGF-alpha precursor lacks any apparent motif associated with signal transduction. However, the sequence conservation of this cytoplasmic domain and its abundance of cysteine residues, reminiscent of the cytoplasmic domains of CD4 and CD8, suggest a biological function. In this study, we showed that transmembrane TGF-alpha was rapidly internalized after interaction with a specific antibody and that this internalization was greatly decreased when the COOH-terminal 31 amino acids were removed. Chemical cross-linking experiments revealed two associated proteins of 86 and 106 kD which coimmunoprecipitated with the TGF-alpha precursor. The association of p86 was dependent on the presence of the COOH-terminal cytoplasmic 31 amino acids of the TGF-alpha precursor, whereas p106 still remained associated when this segment was deleted. In addition, p106 was tyrosine-phosphorylated and exposed on the cell surface. The protein complex associated with transmembrane TGF-alpha displayed kinase activities towards tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. These activities were not associated with transmembrane TGF-alpha when the COOH-terminal segment was truncated. The association of a protein kinase complex with transmembrane TGF-alpha may provide the basic elements for a "reverse" mode of signaling through the cytoplasmic domain of this growth factor, which may lead to two-directional communication during ligand-receptor interaction.
Series Elasticity in Linearly Actuated Humanoids (2015)

Recent advancements in actuator technologies, computation, and control have led to major leaps in capability and have brought humanoids ever closer to being feasible solutions for real-world applications. As the capabilities of humanoids increase, they will be called on to operate in unstructured real world environments. This realization has driven researchers to develop more dynamic, robust, and adaptable robots. Compared to state-of-the-art robots, biological systems demonstrate remarkably better efficiency, agility, adaptability, and robustness. Many recent studies suggest that a core principle behind these advantages is compliance, yet there are very few compliant humanoids that have demonstrated successful walking. The work presented in this dissertation is based on several years of developing novel actuators for two full-scale linearly actuated compliant humanoid robots, SAFFiR and THOR. Both are state-of-the-art robots intended to operate in the extremely challenging real world scenarios of shipboard firefighting and disaster response. The design, modeling, and control of actuators in robotics application is critical because the rest of the robot is often designed around the actuators. This dissertation seeks to address two goals: 1) advancing the design of compliant linear actuators that are well suited for humanoid applications, and 2) developing a better understanding of how to design and model compliant linear actuators for use in humanoids. Beyond just applications for compliant humanoids, this research tackles many of the same design and application challenges as biomechanics research so it has many potential applications in prosthetics, exoskeletons, and rehabilitation devices.
CD43 Modulates Severity and Onset of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2003)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis characterized by infiltration of activated CD4(+) T lymphocytes into tissues of the CNS. This study investigated the role of CD43 in the induction and progression of EAE. Results demonstrate that CD43-deficient mice have reduced and delayed clinical and histological disease severity relative to CD43(+/+) mice. This reduction was characterized by decreased CD4(+) T cell infiltration of the CNS of CD43(-/-) mice but similar numbers of Ag-specific T cells in the periphery, suggesting a defect in T cell trafficking to the CNS. The absence of CD43 also affected cytokine production, as myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55-specific CD43(-/-) CD4(+) T cells exhibited reduced IFN-gamma and increased IL-4 production. CD43(-/-) CD4(+) MOG-primed T cells exhibited reduced encephalitogenicity relative to CD43(+/+) cells upon adoptive transfer into naive recipients. These results suggest a role for CD43 in the differentiation and migration of MOG(35-55)-specific T cells in EAE, and identify it as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Effect of angiotensin II in ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats (1991)

The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) exhibits an enhanced activity of the peripheral sympathetic and brain renin-angiotensin systems. In the present experiments, we evaluated the cardiovascular response of angiotensin II (ANG II) microinjected in the rostral (RVLM) and the caudal (CVLM) ventrolateral medulla of age-matched (14-16 wk old) SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) to microinjection of ANG II (5, 20 and 100 pmol) into histologically verified sites of the RVLM and CVLM were compared with those obtained by injections of the excitatory agent L-glutamate (2 nmol) at the same site. In both strains, ANG II elicited dose-dependent pressor responses in the RVLM and depressor responses in the CVLM, both of which peaked at a dose of 20 pmol. The magnitude of the fall in MAP produced by injections of ANG II into the CVLM were significantly (P less than 0.01) greater in SHR than in WKY group. In contrast, peak pressor responses elicited by injection of ANG II into the RVLM were of similar magnitude in the two groups. When compared with the MAP response produced by L-glutamate injections, responses to ANG II microinjection were slower in onset, and the latency to the peak response was longer. Ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium bromide prevented the effect of ANG II injection in the RVLM. This study provides evidence that ANG II acts as an excitatory agent at sites within the ventrolateral medulla that determine the vasomotor control of blood pressure in both normotensive and hypertensive rats.
Spectral LADAR: active range-resolved three-dimensional imaging spectroscopy (2012)

We present the concept and experimental results for Spectral LADAR, an augmented LADAR imager combining three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight ranging with active multispectral sensing in the shortwave infrared (1080-1620 nm). The demonstrated technique is based on a nanosecond regime pulsed supercontinuum transmitter and spectrally multiplexed receiver that computes a high-resolution range value for each of 25 spectral bands. A low frame-rate prototype unit is described. Results demonstrating 3D imaging and material type classification of objects, especially those obscured by camouflage, are shown at effective stand-off ranges exceeding 40 m. These capabilities and the highly eye safe wavelengths at which the system operates make it suitable for applications in military imaging and robotic perception.
The Silver Situation (1890)

Journal Article The Silver Situation Get access Horace White Horace White Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 4, Issue 4, July 1890, Pages 397–407, https://doi.org/10.2307/1881744 Published: 01 July 1890
Photodiodes Based on Polyfluorene Composites: Influence of Morphology (2000)

Polyfluorenes are expected to be the materials of choice in future display technology, due to their thermal and photostability, and demonstrated non-dispersive, high-mobility hole transport. These authors have fabricated photovoltaic cells using two polyfluorene derivatives (one is shown in the Figure). The photovoltaic properties are presented, and control over morphology is demonstrated by manipulation of the processing conditions.
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score and Vessel Occlusion in 2152 Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke (2013)

There is a significant association of NIHSS scores and vessel occlusions in patients with anterior circulation strokes. This association is best within the first hours after symptom onset. Thereafter and in the posterior circulation the association is poor.
Dependence of coercivity on phase distribution and grain size in nanocomposite Nd <sub>2</sub> Fe <sub>14</sub> B/α–Fe magnets (2005)

The dependence of coercivity on the grain size in nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α–Fe magnets with different distributions of magnetically soft and hard phases is investigated by means of statistical mean. The calculations show that when there exists no soft phase, the coercivity of magnets decreases monotonically with hard grain size reducing. For a given volume fraction of hard phase, the coercivity of nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α–Fe magnets with a random distribution of soft and hard grains shows a peak value as a function of hard grain size. When the hard grain size is larger than an optimum value of soft grain size (15nm), the nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α–Fe magnets with the multilayer structure of soft and hard grains can possess a higher coercivity than that with the random distribution of soft and hard grains.
Using interface inheritance to address problems in system software evolution (1994)

Two specific problems faced in large distributed systems are (1) evolving and managing different versions of an interface while minimizing the impact on existing clients, and (2) supporting the addition of auxiliary interfaces that are orthogonal to the main interface of an abstraction.In the context of the Spring distributed system, we addressed both problems using an object-oriented interface definition language. Different versions of an interface are represented as different types with an inheritance relationship that minimizes the impact on existing clients and allows easy management of versions.We distinguish between fundamental and auxiliary properties each of which are defined as separate types. Rather than use simple root inheritance, we use a combination of root and leaf inheritance. This provides flexibility in supporting auxiliary properties and allows us to add new auxiliary properties as the system evolves without forcing the system to be recompiled.The solutions have been tested and refined through their use in the Spring system.
Sythesis of 1,3-dioxin-4-ones and their use in synthesis. XVIII. Synthesis of azetidin-2-ones from 1,3-dioxin-4-ones via 3-hydroxycarboxamides. (1989)

A general method for the synthesis of azetidin-2-ones from 1, 3-dioxin-4-ones is described. The method consists of 1) the formatin of β-ketocarboxamides, 2) their reduction to 3-hydroxycarboxamides, 3) mesylationg, and 4) base-mediated cyclization of 3-mesyloxycarboxamides to the final azetidinones. Stereochemical demand in the cyclizatino step has been clarified by using 5, 6-tri- and -tetramethylene derivatives of 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxin-4-one. Microbiological reduction of the acetoacetamides by baker's yeast gave (S)-3-hydroxybutanamides of ≥98% optical purity, whose cyclization afforded (R)-4-methylazetidin-2-ones.
Combination of a GnRH agonist with an antagonist prevents flare-up effects and protects primordial ovarian follicles in the rat ovary from cisplatin-induced toxicity: a controlled experimental animal study (2013)

The combination of a GnRH agonist with antagonist completely prevented the flare-up effect and enhanced the protective effect of the ovary from cisplatin-induced gonadotoxicity in rats.
COLD COMPACTION AND SINTERING OF TITANIUM AND ITS ALLOYS FOR NEAR-NET-SHAPE OR PREFORM FABRICATION (2010)

The conventional cold-compaction-and-sinter powder metallurgy (PM) approach offers an efficient solution to the near-net shape or preform fabrication of titanium and its alloys for cost reduction and improved chemical homogeneity and refined microstructures. The methods for compacting titanium powder are similar to those used for other ductile powders. The high-purity titanium in the most ductile state is similar to annealed copper in terms of elastic modulus, hardness, elongation, and ultimate tensile strength. The properties of titanium are sensitive to the impurity level, in particular to nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and iron. Hardness is a convenient measure of the quality of a titanium sponge product. Dilatometric studies of the sintering of titanium-nickel alloys show similar observations and confirm that oxide films on titanium powder surfaces do not need to be reduced by the atmosphere or disrupted by a chemical additive.
Water vapour permeable edible membranes (2005)

In this study, polysaccharide based edible films were prepared and characterized. Also water vapour sorption, diffusion and permeability characteristics of these films were studied. For these purposes cellulose ethers such as sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) were used as a film forming materials. Distilled water and glycerin were used as solvent and plasticizer respectively. To determine the effect of polymer concentration of the film forming solution on the film properties, NaCMC and HPC films were prepared from three different concentrations (3, 4, 5g polymer/100ml distilled water) of film forming solutions. During the characterization studies of the films, to determine the elements and structural composition of the films, energy dispersive X-Ray and scanning electron microscopy analyze were applied to NaCMC and HPC based edible films. Also, X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were applied to determine the form of elements, functional groups and glass transition temperature.Water vapour sorption capacities of NaCMC and HPC based films were measured nearly 70%w and 25%w respectively. GAB and Halsey models were found to give the best fit for the water vapour sorption data of both NaCMC and HPC films. Diffusion coefficient of water vapour in vacuum microbalance test was higher than that determined using the humidity chamber, this case could be result of the structural changes of films such as formation of porous structure in microbalance tests due to the fast drying of films by high vacuum. NaCMC based edible films showed higher diffusion coefficient values than HPC based films, due to the heterogeneous structure and bigger pore dimensions of the NaCMC films that was observed in the scanning electron micrographs. Water vapour permeability (WVP) of both films increased with increasing thickness and increasing film forming solution concentration and WVP values of NaCMC based films were higher than the WVP values of HPC films. In mechanical properties, while NaCMC films have brittle, stronger and stiffer structure, HPC films show elastic and ductile property.
[Separation and identification of chlorogenic acid and related impurities by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. (2007)

A method using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established for analysis and identification of chlorogenic acid along with its related impurities. A Gemini C18 HPLC column (4.6 mm x 150 mm,5 microm) was used with acetonitrile-water ( containing 0.1% formic acid) (8:92, v/v) as mobile phase. Eight related impurities of chlorogenic acid were identified and their structures were determined by using online HPLC-MS/MS and photodiode array detector (DAD). The method is quick, simple and can be used directly to identify the structure of unknown trace substances in the sample of chlorogenic acid.