gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A methodology for concurrent process-circuit optimization (1999)

In order to optimize integrated circuit designs, it is critical not only for circuit designers to adjust circuit geometries but also for process developers to adjust device characteristics for optimal overall system performance. This paper describes concurrent process-circuit optimization (CPCO), a methodology for concurrent integrated circuit optimization that spans the fabrication process design and circuit design disciplines. CPCO enables process developers and circuit designers to work coordinately toward the common goal of optimizing a system-level objective, and therefore produces better designs than single-discipline optimization schemes. The methodology logically partitions the overall integrated circuit optimization task into loosely coupled process and circuit design tasks that may proceed concurrently-this produces substantial time savings over a flat "all-at-once" optimization approach. Finally, the CPCO method formulates a multiobjective optimization problem that may be used to negotiate tradeoffs in adjusting a single process to optimize multiple circuits, to optimize nominal circuit performances or to improve circuit yield. The implementation of the CPCO method in an extensible object-oriented software architecture is described. Results of applying the methodology to integrated circuit design examples with industrial grade simulation tools are presented. The results demonstrate substantial performance gains over separate process/circuit optimization and substantial time savings over "all-at-once" combined optimization.
Invar at 100 years (1997)

Invar-Effect alloys are a family of nickel-iron alloys that exhibit different expansivities over a broad temperature range. A minimum thermal expansivity is reached at approximately 36% nickel. Increasing the nickel content increases the thermal expansivity and also raises the Curie temperature, above which ferromagnetic properties are lost. Below their Curie temperatures, where they are ferromagnetic, these alloys exhibit anomalously low thermal expansivities. This article discusses the compositions of the most widely used Invar-Effect alloys, the nature of the thermal expansion curve, fabrication processes, and applications.
Expression and Stability of the Mx Protein in Different Tissues of Mice, in Response to Interferon Inducers or to Influenza Virus Infection (1989)

We have defined some characteristics of the mouse Mx protein as a marker of biological response to interferon (IFN) and to virus infection in A2G mice. The Mx protein has been detected and quantitated by Western immunoblot analysis. Upon induction by poly(I):poly(C) or with Newcastle disease virus, the Mx protein is expressed and accumulated in a variety of organs, such as liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, heart, and brain. In some organs the expression of the Mx protein is detected readily, as soon as 4 h after treatment. The highest protein level is reached at 24 h, and it remains stable for several days declining slowly to return to preinduced levels 2-3 weeks after treatment. Infection with an hepatotropic or a pneumotropic strain of influenza virus resulted in a systemic induction of Mx protein, the highest levels being found in the target organ for virus replication. Our results indicate that the Mx protein is a sensitive, quantitative, and stable marker to follow IFN activity or virus infection in an animal model.
Magnetic Field Calculation of Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Machines using Magnetic Network Method (2003)

This paper reports the three-dimensional magnetic field analysis using the magnetic network method for evaluation of parameters and performance of a claw pole permanent magnet machine. The magnetic network model is built based on the principle of equivalent magnetic flux pipes and the network equations are derived to solve the nodal magnetic scalar potentials, which are used to calculate the magnetic flux flowing through different cross-sectional areas. The results are validated by 3D finite element method. The magnetic network technique has the advantage of combining the speed of the conventional magnetic circuit method and the computational accuracy of finite element analysis.
Nanostructuredα-Fe2O3 in PEC Generation of Hydrogen (2010)

The chapter presents a systematic and exhaustive literature review on nanostructured α-Fe2O3, from synthesis, to characterization, to its application as electrode in photoelectrochemical cell for producing hydrogen using sun light and water. In this context, some of the recent strategies, proven to be useful, in improving the performance of PEC cell have been described and analyzed. A discussion on efficiency of solar hydrogen production is also being included with some recommendations for realizing efficient PEC system using nanostructured α-Fe2O3.
Thermochemical and Kinetic Evidence for Nucleotide‐Sequence‐Dependent RECA‐DNA Interactions (1997)

RecA catalyses homologous recombination in Escherichia coli by promoting pairing of homologous DNA molecules after formation of a helical nucleoprotein filament with single-stranded DNA. The primary reaction of RecA with DNA is generally assumed to be unspecific. We show here, by direct measurement of the interaction enthalpy by means of isothermal titration calorimetry, that the polymerisation of RecA on single-stranded DNA depends on the DNA sequence, with a high exothermic preference for thymine bases. This enthalpic sequence preference of thymines by RecA correlates with faster binding kinetics of RecA to thymine DNA. Furthermore, the enthalpy of interaction between the RecA x DNA filament and a second DNA strand is large only when the added DNA is complementary to the bound DNA in RecA. This result suggests a possibility for a rapid search mechanism by RecA x DNA filaments for homologous DNA molecules.
Aortic catheterisation via percutaneous left ventricular puncture (1983)

When retrograde catheterisation and angiography of the ascending aorta from the brachial or femoral approach is not possible, this can be accomplished by direct percutaneous left ventricular puncture. The haemodynamic and angiographic information obtained was essential to surgical correction of aortic arch anomalies as illustrated in two patients.
Differentiating anisotropy and lateral effects using azimuthal resistivity offset Wenner soundings (1999)

Abstract Azimuthal resistivity surveys increasingly are being used by hydrogeologists in the identification and characterization of fractured rocks. In these investigations, electrical resistivity is measured as a function of azimuth about a fixed central point. In most recent published examples, any observed change in apparent resistivity with azimuth is interpreted as being indicative of fracture anisotropy. However, interpretation of rotational sounding data is actually more complicated, as azimuthal variations in apparent resistivity are also produced by the presence of dipping stratigraphy and other lateral changes in formation resistivity. Such effects are generally overlooked because the field techniques normally employed are incapable of detecting them. Consequently, it is quite probable that the results of many published surveys have been wrongly interpreted. An alternative field procedure and interpretation methodology has been developed to differentiate anisotropy, dipping layers, and lateral effects. This approach makes use of the offset Wenner technique and examines the different responses of the individual Wenner resistances above different geological structures. Analysis of data obtained using the azimuthal offset Wenner technique from sites in Britain and Ireland have successfully identified subsurface structures and determined the anisotropy where it is present.
A 0.6-V $+$4 dBm IIP3 $LC$ Folded Cascode CMOS LNA With $g_{m}$ Linearization (2013)

This brief presents the design guidelines of LNAs under low-supply-voltage condition with respect to linearity and demonstrates an LNA that has excellent performance even with an extremely low supply voltage. Under a low supply voltage, the drain conductance nonlinearity, which can be ignored in a high supply voltage, is important, as well as the transconductance nonlinearity. Therefore, this brief linearizes transconductance using the multiple-gated transistor (MGTR) technique and tries to obtain high drain conductance linearity with the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$LC$</tex></formula> folded cascode configuration. The proposed 900-MHz LNA is designed with a 130-nm CMOS process. The measurement results show a gain of 15.4 dB, a noise figure of 1.74 dB, and an IIP3 of 4.09 dBm, which is the result of the 4.94-dB improvement over a conventional <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$LC$</tex></formula> folded cascode LNA at 5.16-mW power consumption with a 0.6-V supply voltage.
Automatic Image-Based Plant Disease Severity Estimation Using Deep Learning (2017)

Automatic and accurate estimation of disease severity is essential for food security, disease management, and yield loss prediction. Deep learning, the latest breakthrough in computer vision, is promising for fine-grained disease severity classification, as the method avoids the labor-intensive feature engineering and threshold-based segmentation. Using the apple black rot images in the PlantVillage dataset, which are further annotated by botanists with four severity stages as ground truth, a series of deep convolutional neural networks are trained to diagnose the severity of the disease. The performances of shallow networks trained from scratch and deep models fine-tuned by transfer learning are evaluated systemically in this paper. The best model is the deep VGG16 model trained with transfer learning, which yields an overall accuracy of 90.4% on the hold-out test set. The proposed deep learning model may have great potential in disease control for modern agriculture.
Textos de biología y explicaciones del mundo biológico (2023)

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto indagar sobre los modelos de explicación científica que se reproducen en los libros de texto de biología del nivel medio; como asimismo, las modelizaciones que éstos transmiten acerca de los seres vivos y sus manifestaciones. Se analizan 11 textos para el concepto de tropismo: 9 para absorción, transpone y transpiración; y 8 para fotosíntesis. Cada una de las explicaciones se clasifican en, causales. causales funcionales y funcionales, según la clase de vínculos entre variables. Se relaciona cada clase de explicación con los tipos de conceptos implicados y la población estudiantil a la cual va dirigida. Se discuten las implicancias metodológicas y epistemológicas de los conceptos analizados desde diferentes perspectivas, en las que se incluyen la referencia a modelos mecánicos, procesuales y teleonómicos.
Stability of 25 mg/mL Azacitidine Suspensions Kept in Fridge after Freezing (2017)

Abstract Azacitidine is supplied as lyophilized powder to be reconstituted with sterile water for injection. The molecule is very unstable in aqueous medium (temperature-dependent process). Advance preparation and leftover management are made difficult by such poor stability. This study evaluates the stability of 25 mg/mL azacitidine suspensions kept for a 1-month period at –20 °C, followed by a 5-day period at 5 °C. Three batches of 7 polypropylene syringes were filled with 2 mL of Vidaza
Microwaves used to observe commutator and slip ring surfaces during operation (1954)

A method of using short-wave radio (microwaves) and waveguide components for observing and recording the surface irregularities of commutators and slip rings during the operation of the associated machines is presented. If reasonable care is exercised, measurements of surface irregularities in the order of 1/2 mil or less may be obtained.
Nonlinear Trajectory Tracking for Fixed Wing UAVs via Backstepping and Parameter Adaptation (2005)

Equipping a flxed wing unmanned air vehicle (UAV) with low-level autopilots, we derive high-level velocity and roll angle control laws for the UAV. Backstepping techniques are applied to design the velocity and roll angle control laws from known velocity and heading angle control laws that explicitly account for velocity and heading rate constraints of the UAV. Regarding unknown autopilot constants, a parameter adaptation technique is used to estimate autopilot parameters. Simulation results on a flxed wing UAV are presented to show the efiectiveness of our approach.
[Detecting the activity of antibodies induced by recombinant TGFbeta1 vaccine]. (2006)

Recombinant fusion protein can be used as a cytokine vaccine to induce high titers of anti-TGFbeta1 antibodies. Our results show the potentiality of the fusion protein to be used as a vaccine for preventing liver fibrosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Cytotoxic Alkaloid Luotonin A. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Artificial Cells with Emphasis on Cell Encapsulation of Genetically Engineered Cells (1998)

Artificial cells are prepared in the laboratory for medical and biotechnological applications. Encapsulated cells are being studied for the treatment of diabetes, liver failure, and other conditions. More recently, there have been extensive studies into the use of encapsulated genetically engineered cells for gene therapy. We recently found that daily orally administered artificial cells, each containing a genetically engineered microorganism, can lower the elevated urea level in uremic rats to normal levels. This may solve the final obstacle of the lack of an effective oral urea removal system for the simple and inexpensive oral treatment of uremia. This is important because 85% of the world's uremic population cannot afford standard dialysis. Other areas of artificial cell application include use in hemoperfusion. Red blood cell substitutes based on modified hemoglobin are already in Phase 3 clinical trials in patients. Artificial cells containing enzymes are being developed for clinical trial in hereditary enzyme deficiency disease and other diseases. They are also being investigated for drug delivery and for use in other applications in biotechnology, chemical engineering, and medicine.
Prospective Evaluation of Upper Gastrointestinal Mucosal Lesions in Children with Ulcerative Colitis and Crohnʼs Disease (1994)

Eighty-eight consecutive children with inflammatory bowel disease were studied, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in 80 of them as one of the initial investigations before commencing medical or nutritional treatment. Forty-one children were found to have Crohn's disease and 47, ulcerative colitis. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed pathology in 32 (80%) cases of Crohn's disease, esophagitis in 16, and esophageal ulcer in two, nonspecific gastritis in 22, duodenitis or duodenal ulcer in 18, and Helicobacter pylori infection in two cases. Granulomas were detected in 10 patients in the upper gastrointestinal tract: one esophageal, eight gastric, and three duodenal. Of the ulcerative colitis patients, seven had esophagitis, one had esophageal ulcer, 17 had nonspecific gastritis, two had gastric ulcers, two had duodenal ulcers, and five had H. pylori infection; altogether 30 (75%) yielded pathological findings. Radiological studies using barium meal revealed pathology in only eight of all inflammatory bowel disease cases. Symptoms at admission were not conclusive for definite diagnosis because 63% of patients with Crohn's disease had signs of colitis (such as diarrhea, bloody diarrhea) compared to 94% of ulcerative colitis patients. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy may be used to achieve a specific diagnosis, thus being helpful when planning treatment. Also a considerable incidence of nonspecific gastritis, duodenitis, and esophagitis with or without concomitant H. pylori infection may be anticipated in children suffering from both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
RF MOSFET modeling accounting for distributed substrate and channel resistances with emphasis on the BSIM3v3 SPICE model (2002)

A r.f. MOSFET model generated for use in LIBRA simulation typically applies to only one bias point. The model and its parameters can be unphysical. It is desirable to establish a physical, scalable model capable of simulating both d.c. and r.f. characteristics and applicable to all the bias ranges. BSIM3 is a potential candidate, having demonstrated accuracy and scalability in the devices' d.c. characteristics. When it is applied to simulate the s-parameters at r.f., we find BSIM3 to be somewhat problematic and two modifications are necessary to obtain a good fit. The first modification involves the addition of a bulk resistive network, achievable with a simple circuit extension to the existing BSIM3 model. The second improvement accounts for the finite channel resistance, whose origin lies in a nonquasi-static analysis. Since BSIM3 employs a quasi-static assumption, this improvement, while important, involves some changes in the BSIM3 source code.
Relay assisted soft handover in multihop cellular networks (2008)

This paper proposes a relay assisted soft handover in multihop cellular networks. In the relay assisted soft handover, a handover ranging is not required and an association process can be significantly simplified because it is unnecessary to change a serving node during handover process. In the proposed scheme, the handover latency and the service-interruption time caused by handover are reduced by 24% and 86%, respectively, while the capacity loss is only 5.33% compared to a hard handover in multihop cellular networks.
Multiple-Valued Random Digit Extraction (2018)

We describe a parameterized random value extraction function for producing symbol strings based upon a user-specified radix value. The presentation of the extractor function is accompanied with a theoretical discussion that describes how the radix value, and hence the symbol set cardinality, affects the entropy of an extracted symbol string. Experimental results are provided where extracted strings with respect to different radix values are analyzed for randomness quality. The empirical data is obtained by applying our parameterized extractor function to a weakly random source that provides a set of inter-packet delay spacings observed from a network interface card in a general-purpose computer. Our results show how the quality of the extracted random strings varies for differing radix values. These results provide guidelines for choosing an appropriate radix value in an extractor function.
Leg Design for a Humanoid Walking Robot (2006)

The paper presents the leg design of the 22-DoF humanoid walking robot Lola. The goal of the project is to realize a fast, human-like walking motion. The robot is characterized by its lightweight construction, a modular, multi-sensory joint design with brushless motors and an electronics architecture using decentralized joint controllers and sensor data processing. Linear actuators are used for the knee and ankle joints to achieve a better mass distribution in the legs and to improve performance of the stabilizing control. Some critical structural parts have been designed by means of topology optimization in order to balance the demands for high stiffness and strength with low weight
PORT OF LONDON AUTHORITY ENGINEERING WORKS, 1952. (1953)

Keywords PORT OF LONDON AUTHORITY PORTS, WORKS, CIVIL ENGINEERING, REPAIRS, COSTS, MAINTENANCE, FINANCE, PRESTRESSED, CONCRETE, TRANSIT, SHEDS, CONSTRUCTION, ALUMINIUM, ROOFS, COSTS, SYNTHETIC, RESINS, WALLS, CRANES, TRUCKS, MARINE, LUBRICATION, DREDGERS, LADDERS, DOCKS, MECHANICAL, ENGINEERING, MARINE PORT OF LONDON, K.GEORGE V DOCK, TILBURY DOCK, WEST INDIA DOCK UK... Show All
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas Functionalized with Sulfonic Acid Group. Synthesis and Alkylation of Phenol (2003)

Abstract Periodic mesoporous organosilicas have been successfully functionalized with sulfonic acid groups. The resulting materials exhibit much higher catalytic activity than ZSM-5 zeolite and higher catalytic stability than MCM-41 functionalized with the same group.
Safe Arthroscopic Access to the Central Compartment of the Hip (2005)

This technical note describes a new method that allows access to the central compartment of the hip under arthroscopic control via the peripheral compartment with less risk of labral perforation and/or cartilage scuffing. After placement of the anterolateral portal in the peripheral compartment without traction, the anterior head area with the anterior acetabular labrum and the anterior surface of the femoral head are inspected. Under arthroscopic control, a guidewire is introduced through the anterior portal in between the anterior labrum and anterior femoral head cartilage and into the central compartment. The arthroscope is then removed from the anterolateral portal, the hip distracted, and the arthroscope introduced via cannulated instruments over the guidewire into the central compartment. Further portal placement can be controlled arthroscopically.
Iris Recognition Independent of Rotation and Ambient Lighting Variations (2006)

We previously proposed a rotation spreading neural network (R-SAN net). This neural net can recognize the orientation of an object irrespective of its shape, and its shape irrespective of its orientation. The characteristics of the R-SAN net are to spread information about the axis orientation of the object in relation to surrounding space by spreading weight with similar tuning characteristics to axis orientation neurons in the parietal cortex. The R-SAN net is suitable for orientation recognition of a concentric circular pattern such as iris image, because it uses polar conversion. Previously, variations of ambient lighting conditions affected iris detection. In this study, we introduced brightness normalization for accuracy improvement of iris detection in various lighting conditions. Brightness normalization provided high accuracy iris extraction in severe lighting conditions. We also attempted real-time individual identification with the iris patterns. In the recognition experiment, the R-SAN net combined with the minimum distance was able to accurately recognize the orientation and shape of iris images in arbitrary orientation. We suggest application of the R-SAN net as an iris recognition system.
Desulfurization of organic compounds and coal-derived liquids by novel transition metal complexes (1982)

In a study of improved desulfurization and denitrogenation methods for coal-derived liquids, reagents and catalysts that can cleave carbon-sulfur and carbon-nitrogen bonds under mild conditions were studied. Results are presented herein on the desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by nickel(O) and cobalt(I) complexes in tetrahydrofuran solution at 55/sup 0/C. The desulfurization and hydrosulfurization processes are thought to involve an electron-transfer mechanism. The low valent Ni or Co centers can be induced to transfer electrons to the aromatic sulfur compound by increasing the metal atom's electron density by coordinating hydride, amine, or ether donors to it. This electron transfer facilitates the carbon-sulfur bond scission. (BLM)