gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The minimal test set for multioutput threshold circuits implemented as sorting networks (1993)

It is shown that an n-input sorting network (SN) can be used to implement an n-variable symmetric threshold functions using the least amount of hardware. An algorithm to derive Boolean functions implemented on any line of any n-input threshold circuit T/sup n/ implemented as a SN is given. A heuristic procedure for generating the minimal test set for any threshold circuit T/sup n/ implemented as a Batcher's SN or any other SN is presented. The number of tests required to detect all stuck-at faults in an n-input SN is determined. A highly regular structure using only one type of simple cell and a suitability for low-level pipelining are other advantages of the circuit T/sup n/. The circuit T/sup n/ can be used as a basic building block of various circuitry supporting the use of all known unidirectional error detecting codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact of Delayed Gastric Emptying on the Outcome of Antireflux Surgery (2001)

Nissen fundoplication equalizes the preoperative difference in intragastric distribution and accelerates gastric emptying without an effect on symptoms in patients with preexisting delayed gastric emptying, but with an increase in early satiety in patients with normal gastric emptying. Delayed gastric emptying is not a contraindication for antireflux surgery.
Immersive visualization with automated collision detection for radiotherapy treatment planning. (2007)

Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a technique for treating cancer tumours using external delivery of radiation. To create a treatment plan the directions of the external radiation beams (typically 5 to 9) need to be specified. Normally the beams are all coplanar due to the added complexity of planning and patient set-up for non-coplanar beams. RTStar provides a virtual environment of a radiotherapy (RT) treatment room that provides a range of views and visualizations that aid a treatment planner to choose non-coplanar beam directions efficiently. RTStar also automatically warns the planner when a collision would occur during patient set-up. A study was conducted on 8 prostate IMRT cancer patients using RTStar to create RT plans using non-coplanar beams. The study demonstrated that these IMRT prostate plans with non-coplanar beams had a dosimetric advantage over their coplanar conterparts.
Powerful helicity inducers: axially chiral binaphthyl derivatives (2008)

Axially chiral binaphthyl derivatives with highly twisting powers were synthesised by substituting phenylcyclohexyl (PCH) mesogenic moieties into 2,2′ positions or 2,2′,6,6′ positions of binaphthyl rings. The di‐ and tetra‐substituted binaphthyl derivatives were adopted as chiral dopants to induce chiral nematic liquid crystals (N*‐LCs). The helical twisting power (βM) of tetra‐substituted binaphthyl derivative, D‐3, having direct linkages between the PCH moieties and the binaphthyl rings at the 6,6′ positions, was 449 µm−1. This is ca. 2.6 times larger than that (171 µm−1) of di‐substituted one, D‐1. For systematic investigation of helical twisting power in the binaphthyl derivatives, several tetra‐substituted binaphthyl derivatives (D‐2–D‐9) were synthesised by introducing different aromatic moieties into the 6,6′ positions of the binaphthyl rings without methylene spacer. When the substituents group changed from p‐hexaoxyphenyl to p‐hexaoxybiphenyl, the helical twisting powers of the binaphthyl derivatives increased from 234 to 757 µm−1. Interestingly, D‐3 and D‐9 exhibited liquid crystallinity. Although the liquid crystallinity of the chiral dopant has no direct influence on the helical twisting power of the N*‐LC, it plays a role in increasing the miscibility of the chiral dopant to host N‐LC, leading to a raise of the upper limit in concentration of the chiral dopant. Consequently, both the high helical twisting power and the high miscibility of D‐3 allowed us to prepare a highly twisted N*‐LC, the helical pitch of which is in the nano‐order, e.g. 270 nm.
A revised mineral nutrient supplement increases biomass and growth rate in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2011)

Interest in exploiting algae as a biofuel source and the role of inorganic nutrient deficiency in inducing triacylglyceride (TAG) accumulation in cells necessitates a strategy to efficiently formulate species-specific culture media that can easily be manipulated. Using the reference organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we tested the hypothesis that modeling trace element supplements after the cellular ionome would result in optimized cell growth. We determined the trace metal content of several commonly used Chlamydomonas strains in various culture conditions and developed a revised trace element solution to parallel these measurements. Comparison of cells growing in the revised supplement versus a traditional trace element solution revealed faster growth rates and higher maximum cell densities with the revised recipe. RNA-seq analysis of cultures growing in the traditional versus revised medium suggest that the variation in transcriptomes was smaller than that found between different wild-type strains grown in traditional Hutner's supplement. Visual observation did not reveal defects in cell motility or mating efficiency in the new supplement. Ni²⁺-inducible expression from the CYC6 promoter remained a useful tool, albeit with an increased requirement for Ni²⁺ because of the introduction of an EDTA buffer system in the revised medium. Other advantages include more facile preparation of trace element stock solutions, a reduction in total chemical use, a more consistent batch-to-batch formulation and long-term stability (tested up to 5 years). Under the new growth regime, we analyzed cells growing under different macro- and micronutrient deficiencies. TAG accumulation in N deficiency is comparable in the new medium. Fe and Zn deficiency also induced TAG accumulation, as suggested by Nile Red staining. This approach can be used to efficiently optimize culture conditions for other algal species to improve growth and to assay cell physiology.
High efficiency quasi-ternary design for nonmechanical beam-steering utilizing polarization gratings (2010)

We introduce and demonstrate a quasi-ternary nonmechanical beam steering design based on Polarization Gratings (PGs). That uses a single wave plate and N PGs to generate 2(<sup>N+1</sup>)-1 steering angles. When compared to conventional binary (2<sup>N</sup>) or ternary (3<sup>N</sup>) liquid crystal PG steering designs, this technique uses fewer elements arranged in a simpler configuration to obtain the same number of steering angles. This advantageous property can be achieved by selecting proper diffraction angles and alignment of the PGs. Due to fewer elements per stage, losses due to electrode absorption and Fresnel reflections are reduced, thereby increasing the overall steering efficiency. Using this approach, we demonstrate a four-stage (N = 4) quasi-ternary beam steering device that achieves 52° Field Of Regard (FOR) with 1.7° resolution (31 steering angles) at 1550 nm wavelength.
Recent Reading (1968)

Recent Reading Get access Ralph Lawrence Ralph Lawrence Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 17, Issue 97, Spring 1968, Pages 31–34, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/17.97.31 Published: 01 March 1968
THE THYROID HORMONE-PLASMA PROTEIN COMPLEX IN MAN. II. A NEW<i>IN VITRO</i>METHOD FOR STUDY OF “UPTAKE” OF LABELLED HORMONAL COMPONENTS BY HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES*† (1957)

SIGNIFICANT advances in elucidation of various aspects of normal and abnormal thyroid function have resulted from the use of I131, chromatography, and chemical quantitation of serum protein-bound iodine levels. The major emphasis in earlier studies was on the thyroid gland itself—its uptake and organification of iodine, and the release into the circulation of a thyroxine-like moiety. In recent studies the focus has shifted somewhat from the gland to such problems as 1) the qualitative nature of the hormone(s)-plasma protein complex, 2) the fate of this complex following its elaboration, and 3) the mechanism of its action on the peripheral tissues. Investigations of these questions have indicated the need for consideration of multiple parameters of thyroid function as an important approach to some of the remaining unsolved problems. The purpose of this report is 1) to present a new method for study of the in vitro incorporation of thyroid hormonal components by the human erythrocytc, 2) to summarize results of its use in a variety of clinical conditions, and 3) to evaluate its possible contribution, as another parameter, to our knowledge of thyroid function.
Cell interaction studies with novel Bioglass coated Hydroxyapatite porous blocks (2006)

Massive bone defect is a great challenge to reconstructive surgery. Surgeons circumvent these difficulties by using different biomaterials as bone substitutes that promote migration, proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate in vitro, an in-house developed bioceramic for its biocompatibility. Here, blocks of bioactive glass coated porous hydroxyapatite have been developed where the coating is presumed to increase implant union and bone formation. This porous hydroxyapatite was prepared by slurry foaming and drying method. The foam was then coated with sol-gel derived bioactive glass followed by controlled drying on sintering to form a block having a diameter of approximately 2 cm. Material was characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR and TEM. Cytotoxicity and cell adhesion properties of the material were evaluated in association with cells. This study demonstrated that bioglass coated porous hydroxyapatite is a biocompatible material for ongoing osteogenic studies in segmental defects in the goat model in vivo.
Simulation of Adaptive Applications in Heterogeneous Computing Environments (2004)

AbstractDesigning adaptive applications for dynamic heterogeneous computing environments has received a lot of attention recently. The authors propose a modular and extensible simulator that can be used to evaluate the performance of applications in dynamic heterogeneous environments. This simulator has built-in support for evaluating the performance of adaptive applications in such environments. The dynamic behaviour of these resources can be described through random variables or trace files. The interactions between the applications and the resources are described through a closed adaptation loop. The simulator provides the user with flexibility in configuring the applications and resources and evaluating various adaptation algorithms. The features of the simulator are illustrated by simulating algorithms for distributed matrix multiplication in various computing environments.Key Words: Simulationadaptiveheterogeneous computation Additional informationNotes on contributorsB. HongBo Hong is currently a Ph.D. candidate in the Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Southern California. He obtained his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees at Tsinghua University, Beijing. His research interests include computer architecture, high performance computing, and parallel processing on heterogeneous computing architectures.V.K. PrasannaViktor K. Prasanna received his B.Sc. degree in Electronics Engineering from the Bangalore University and his M.Sc. degree from the School of Automation, Indian Institute of Science. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the Pennsylvania State University in 1983. Currently, he is a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering as well asin the Departmentof Computer Science at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. He is also an associate member of the Center for Ap-plied Mathematical Sciences (CAMS) at USC. He served as the Division Director for the Computer Engineering Division during 1994–98. His research interests include parallel and distributed systems, embedded systems, configurable architectures and high performance computing.Dr. Prasanna has published extensively and consulted for industries in the above areas. He has served on the organizing committees of several international meetings in VLSI computations, parallel computation, and high performance computing. He is the Steering Co-chair of the International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium [merged IEEE International Parallel Processing Symposium (IPPS) and the Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (SPDP)] and is the Steering Chair of the International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC). He serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing and the Proceedings of the IEEE. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Computers. He was the founding Chair of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Parallel Processing. He is a Fellow of the IEEE.
Effects of tissue age on bone tissue material composition and nanomechanical properties in the rat cortex (2009)

Although osteoporosis is known to alter bone tissue composition, the effects of such compositional changes on tissue material properties have not yet been examined. The natural gradient in tissue mineral content arising from skeletal appositional growth provides a basic model for investigation of relationships between tissue composition and mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tissue age on bone tissue composition and nanomechanical properties. The nanomechanical properties and composition of regions of differing tissue age were characterized in the femoral cortices of growing rats using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, spatial maps of the properties of periosteal tissue were examined to investigate in detail the spatial gradients in the properties of newly formed tissue. Newly formed tissue (0-4 days) was 84% less stiff and had 79% lower mineral:matrix ratio than older intracortical (15-70 days) tissue. Tissue modulus, hardness, mineral:matrix ratio, and carbonate:phosphate ratio increased sharply with distance from the periosteum and attained the properties of intracortical tissue within 4 days of formation. The mineral: matrix ratio explained 54% and 62% of the variation in tissue indentation modulus and hardness, respectively. Our data demonstrate significant variations in tissue mechanical properties with tissue age and relate mechanical properties to composition at the microscale.
Interactive Location-Based Services Combined with Natural Language (2007)

Extending beyond today's geographical information system (GIS) applications and wireless positioning techniques, location-based services (LBS) have become a new compelling branch and supplied egocentric location information anywhere anytime. In order to speed up interactive location-based queries in moving or field environments effectively, the paper has given a valuable attempt on LBS with natural language and also achieved: (1) Natural language analysis for Geospatial relations; (2) Interactive LBS queries with natural language; (3) Chinese language segmentation and regulation into Geo-SQL; (4) an application framework from phonetic LBS requests to mobile terminal responses in textual message or graphic formats.
IMAGE STITCHING WITH PERSPECTIVE-PRESERVING WARPING (2016)

Abstract. Image stitching algorithms often adopt the global transform, such as homography, and work well for planar scenes or parallax free camera motions. However, these conditions are easily violated in practice. With casual camera motions, variable taken views, large depth change, or complex structures, it is a challenging task for stitching these images. The global transform model often provides dreadful stitching results, such as misalignments or projective distortions, especially perspective distortion. To this end, we suggest a perspective-preserving warping for image stitching, which spatially combines local projective transforms and similarity transform. By weighted combination scheme, our approach gradually extrapolates the local projective transforms of the overlapping regions into the non-overlapping regions, and thus the final warping can smoothly change from projective to similarity. The proposed method can provide satisfactory alignment accuracy as well as reduce the projective distortions and maintain the multi-perspective view. Experimental analysis on a variety of challenging images confirms the efficiency of the approach.
Evidence for Genetic Control of Nematode Egg-Shedding Rates in Calves (1989)

Differences in nematode fecal egg counts from 167 purebred Angus calves born in 1986 and 133 born in 1987 that had been naturally exposed to infection on pasture were analyzed for sire effects. The calves were sired by 26 different bulls, all of which were related. Differences among fecal egg counts were attributable to sires (P less than 0.0002), to age of the calf (P less than 0.0007), to age of dam (P less than 0.05), and to collection year (P less than 0.0001). No variation in fecal egg count was attributable to calf sex (P greater than 0.23). After accounting for the effects of year, age of calf, and age of dam, heritability was estimated to be 29% (SE = 18%). It was concluded that a paternal contribution to the genome of each calf played an important role in determining average fecal egg output of the sire group. With heritability at 29%, selection against higher fecal egg counts or selection for lower fecal egg counts would be expected to produce measurable genetic change in a population.
Design and Research of Pulse Generator for Motion Control Based on FPGA (2010)

In the background of step control,to ensure stable running of motor,output control pulses should be assigned uniformly by the motion control card based on input velocity.After comparing with an algorithm for uniform pulse assignment,direct digital frequency synthesis(DDS) algorithm was adopted to design the pulse generator in FPGA using Verilog HDL.This pulse generator has velocity and position control mode,could provide 4 kinds of pulse depended on the mode of motor driver.The output pulse was tested to be uniform and stable with high resolution.And the wide range of frequency could fulfill the requirement for step control.Relative problems in the motion control system were also analyzed based on the result of test.
Malaria Blood Stage Parasites Activate Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Murine Dendritic Cells through a Toll-Like Receptor 9-Dependent Pathway (2004)

A common feature of severe Plasmodium falciparum infection is the increased systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines that contributes to the pathogenesis of malaria. Using human blood, we found that blood stage schizonts or soluble schizont extracts activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) to up-regulate CD86 expression and produce IFN-alpha. IFN-alpha production was also detected in malaria-infected patients, but the levels of circulating PDCs were markedly reduced, possibly because of schizont-stimulated up-regulation of CCR7, which is critical for PDC migration. The schizont-stimulated PDCs elicited a poor T cell response, but promoted gamma delta T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production. The schizont immune stimulatory effects could be reproduced using murine DCs and required the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-MyD88 signaling pathway. Although the only known TLR9 ligand is CpG motifs in pathogen DNA, the activity of the soluble schizont extract was far greater than that of schizont DNA, and it was heat labile and precipitable with ammonium sulfate, unlike the activity of bacterial DNA. These results demonstrate that schizont extracts contain a novel and previously unknown ligand for TLR9 and suggest that the stimulatory effects of this ligand on PDCs may play a key role in immunoregulation and immunopathogenesis of human falciparum malaria.
Mitochondrial VDAC1: A Key Gatekeeper as Potential Therapeutic Target (2017)

Mitochondria are the key source of ATP that fuels cellular functions, and they are also central in cellular signaling, cell division and apoptosis. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative and cardiac diseases, and various types of cancer. One of the key proteins that regulate mitochondrial function is the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), the most abundant protein on the outer membrane of mitochondria. VDAC1 is the gatekeeper for the passages of metabolites, nucleotides, and ions; it plays a crucial role in regulating apoptosis due to its interaction with apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, namely members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins and hexokinase. Therefore, regulation of VDAC1 is crucial not only for metabolic functions of mitochondria, but also for cell survival. In fact, multiple lines of evidence have confirmed the involvement of VDAC1 in several diseases. Consequently, modulation or dysregulation of VDAC1 function can potentially attenuate or exacerbate pathophysiological conditions. Understanding the role of VDAC1 in health and disease could lead to selective protection of cells in different tissues and diverse diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of VDAC1 in the pathogenesis of diseases and as a potentially effective target for therapeutic management of various pathologies.
Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) of a Series of Symmetrical Bis-Benzamide Cyclic Urea Derivatives as HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors<sup>†</sup> (1998)

A 3D-QSAR study using CoMFA methodology was conducted on a series of 29 symmetrical bis-benzamide cyclic urea derivatives having anti-HIV-1-protease activities. Active site minimization of the ligands was used to exclude conformations which are not sterically accessible within the active site. A significant cross validated correlation coefficient q2 (0.724) was obtained indicating the predictive potential of the model for untested compounds of this class. A significant non-cross-validated correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.971 with a low standard error estimate (S) of 0.119 was obtained indicating that the model reliably predicted the ant-protease activities of poorly to highly active compounds. The model was used to predict the anti-protease activities of eight test-set compounds, and the predicted values were in good agreement with the experimental values. The CoMFA coefficient contour plots identified several key features which explain the wide range of activities. The already reported 2D-QSAR along with the CoMFA model presented here may help in designing effective HIV-1 protease inhibitors.