gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Post-cardiac injury syndrome (2013)

Post-cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS), also known as post-pericardiotomy syndrome, post-myocardial infarction syndrome, or post-commissurotomy syndrome, is a common complication after cardiac surgery, affecting approximately 40% of patients. PCIS occurs several days to several months after the surgical procedure. The syndrome manifests itself as exudative pericardial or pleural effusion with low-grade temperature and elevated inflammatory parameters. It is generally a self-limiting disease with a favorable prognosis, but it can have a relapsing course and be accompanied by life-threatening complications including cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis.
Novel directional couplers using broadside-coupled coplanar waveguides for double-sided printed antennas (1996)

Two types of tight-coupling, broadband directional couplers employing open broadside-coupled coplanar waveguides (BC CPWs) are proposed which can easily be integrated with printed strip antennas. The first type uses the BC CPWs with dielectric overlays above and below the center substrate, while the second type uses the nonuniform BC CPWs. The scattering parameters of these directional couplers are derived with the even-odd mode analysis method based on the quasi-TEM wave approximation. Two 3-dB directional couplers, one for each type, are designed and measured characteristics are compared with theoretical results.
Kinetic Parameters for Cytochrome <i>c</i> via Insulated Electrode Voltammetry (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTKinetic Parameters for Cytochrome c via Insulated Electrode VoltammetrySamuel Terrettaz, Jun Cheng, Cary J. Miller, and R. D. GuilesView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Maryland at Baltimore, Maryland 21201 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 33, 7857–7858Publication Date (Web):August 21, 1996Publication History Received18 March 1996Revised14 May 1996Published online21 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja960866yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja960866yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Charge transfer,Electrodes,Fungi,Peptides and proteins,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Quantification of Substitution of Gelatin Methacryloyl: Best Practice and Current Pitfalls (2017)

Cross-linkable gelatin methacryloyl (GM) is widely used for the generation of artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue engineering. However, the quantification of modified groups in GM is still an unsolved issue, although this is the key factor for tailoring the physicochemical material properties. In this contribution, <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>13</sup>C-HSQC NMR spectra are used to gain detailed structural information on GMs and of 2-fold modified gelatin containing methacryloyl and acetyl groups (GMAs). Distinctive identification of methacrylate, methacrylamide, and acetyl groups present in GMs and GMAs revealed an overlap of methacrylamide and modified hydroxyproline signals in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum. Considering this, we suggest a method to quantify methacrylate and methacrylamide groups in GMs precisely based on simple <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy with an internal standard. Quantification of acetylation in GMAs is also possible, yet, 2D NMR spectra are necessary. The described methods allow direct quantification of modified groups in gelatin derivatives, making them superior to other, indirect methods known so far.
LTE Performance Analysis on 800 and 1800 MHz Bands (2012)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a high speed wireless technology based on OFDM. Unlike its predecessors, its bandwidth can be scaled from 1.6 MHz to 20 MHz. Maximum theoretical throughputs from the LTE network in downlink can be estimated to range over 300 Mbps. The practical values are however limited by the channel overheads, path loss and cell loading. Its ability to deliver high throughput depends upon its radio access technology OFDM and the high bandwidth usage as well.\n\nThe other important feature of LTE is its usage in multiple bands of spectrum. The primary focus in this thesis is on 800 MHz band and its comparison with 1800 MHz band and UMTS coverage. Coverage, capacity and throughput scenario are the essential dimensions studied in this thesis. A test network was set up for LTE measurement and the primary measurement parameters such as RSRP, RSRQ, SINR and throughput were observed for different measurement cases. The measurement files were analysed from different perspectives to conclude upon the coverage aspect of the network.\n\nThe basic LTE radio parameters RSRP, RSRQ and SINR tend to degrade as the UE moves towards the cell edge in a pattern similar to the nature of free space loss model. In a way, these parameters are interrelated and eventually prove decisive in the downlink throughput. The throughput follows the trend of other radio parameters and decrease as the UE moves towards the cell edge. The measured values have been compared to the theoretical results defined by link budget and Shannon’s limit. The comparison shows that measured values are confined within the theoretical constraints. Theoretical constraints along with the minimum requirements set by the operator have been used to measure the performance of the sites. Similar analysis was also performed with the LTE 1800 network and UMTS 900 network and the result was compared to the coverage scenario of LTE 800. Higher slope of attenuation was observed with LTE 1800 compared to LTE 800 and thus limiting the coverage area. Comparison of radio parameters RSRP, RSRQ and SINR confirm the coverage difference and its consequence on downlink throughput. Performance of UMTS 900 however was not much different to LTE 800 coverage wise. \n\nThe measurements have been carried out on LTE test network at Kuusamo, Finland and the commercial UMTS network set up by TeliaSonera for the comparison of LTE 800 with LTE 1800 and UMTS 900.
Strategies to secure the IEEE 1588 protocol in digital substation automation (2009)

The IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol seems to be a promising way to handle the synchronization requirements of tomorrow's substation automation based on IEC 61850. While a specific working group is tackling the security aspects of the protocols defined by IEC 61850, a secure IEEE 1588 protocol remains mostly uncovered in the specific context of substation automation. In this paper, we are focusing on securing IEEE 1588 for substation automation. We are analyzing and classifying the different attacks relevant for a substation and proposing a way to handle the logical disconnection of the time server and its clients that appears whenever an attack occurs. The method based on clock drift correction allows to keep a node synchronized for different period of time depending on the correction mechanism used. The implementation and experiments of the different drift correction mechanisms shows the tradeoff between the accuracy of the correction and the required computational time. By analyzing the different experiments, we can then match the computational power of a class of devices present in a substation and a correction technique.
Feasibility study of dual isotope PET (2010)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly effective functional imaging modality. Unfortunately, PET cannot be easily used for dual-isotope imaging (which would allow for simultaneous investigation of two different biological processes), because positron-electron annihilation products from different tracers are indistinguishable in terms of energy. Methods have been proposed for dual-isotope PET based on different half-lives of the participating isotopes, however, those approaches are based on many assumptions concerning kinetic behavior of the tracers and may not always lead to optimal results. In this manuscript we propose another approach for dualisotope PET and investigate its effectiveness using GATE simulations. Our method requires that one of the two radioactive isotopes is a pure positron emitter while the second isotope emits an additional high-energy photon in a cascade (simultaneously) with positron emission. Measurement of this auxiliary photon in coincidence with the annihilation event allows us to identify the corresponding 511 keV photon pair as originating from the same isotope. Two list-mode datasets are created: a primary dataset that contains all detected 511 keV photon pairs from both isotopes; and a second, auxiliary (much smaller) dataset that contains only those PET events for which coincident auxiliary gamma has also been detected. An image reconstructed from the auxiliary dataset reflects the distribution of the second radiotracer and serves as a prior for the reconstruction of the primary dataset. Our preliminary simulation study with partially overlapping <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> Na radiotracer distributions suggest that this method allows for separation of two activities with relative errors less than 0.07.
Plasma Oxidants and Antioxidants in Acute Ischaemic Stroke (2006)

Plasma levels of the oxidants xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde and the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, together with total superoxide scavenger activity and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activity, were determined in 19 patients with acute ischaemic stroke and 20 controls. Compared with controls, superoxide dismutase, total superoxide scavenger activity, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were significantly lower, and nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels significantly higher, in acute stroke patients. Xanthine oxidase showed a slight but non-significant increase in stroke patients compared with controls. There was no significant difference in non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activity between the two groups. There was a positive correlation between glutathione reductase levels and Glasgow Coma Scale scores, and a negative correlation between malondialdehyde levels and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activity. These findings suggest that oxidative stress in patients with acute ischaemic stroke may be the result of an imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis.
Miniaturized Design of Microstrip-Fed Slot Antennas Loaded With C-Shaped Rings (2011)

A novel miniaturized design of a microstrip-fed slot antenna is presented. By properly loading a pair of C-shaped rings inside a half-wavelength slot, the fundamental resonant frequency can be significantly decreased. This letter illustrates the mechanism of miniaturization and key dimension parameter analysis. An optimized design with 50% size reduction was fabricated and measured, where very good agreement between simulation and measurement was obtained. The results show that the presented miniature slot antenna maintains the nominal radiation patterns of slot antennas with some moderate gain degradations.
We Need More Research and Better Designs for Insulin Infusion Sets (2014)

An insulin infusion set (IIS) is an indispensable conduit in insulin pump systems that transfers insulin from the reservoir to the subcutaneous tissue. Some form of IIS is required for all pumps, including patch pumps. Transfer of insulin across the skin occurs through a stainless steel needle or through a Teflon cannula once its steel needle has been removed during the insertion process. With their ease of insertion, steel needles are inserted manually while Teflon catheters can be inserted manually, with an auto-insertion device, or in some cases either.

An insulin pump delivers only rapid-acting insulin, so any failure of the IIS can become a critical health issue. At best, IIS failure increases health care costs, while at the worst it can lead to elevated HbA1c levels, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), or death. Even though IIS designs have improved and fewer adverse events occur today, pump plumbing (IIS) continues to retain many similarities to home plumbing in the era of galvanized pipes fraught with a variety of ways to fail.

When an IIS issue of unexplained hyperglycemia or occlusion arises, several factors may be involved, including the physical design of the IIS, material composition of the catheter, tendency for dislodgement, presence or absence of a safety anchor or anchoring tape, type of insulin, strength of the adhesive used to fix the set to the skin, and the lubricant used to coat the exterior of a Teflon or steel cannula. Any of these may impact glucose outcomes, duration of use, and comfort.

Variations in the manufacturing process over time can also impact IIS reliability. Small changes or adjustments in IIS materials or the manufacturing process will sometimes have a considerable impact on IIS properties in daily life. For example, the thickness of the Teflon wall of a cannula is directly related to its risk of kinking during insertion, while its comfort is inversely related to a lesser degree. Fixation of IIS systems to the skin with adhesive also has a major impact on glucose outcomes, yet this remains a relatively ignored area for clinical research.

IIS reliability seems to vary by user and set. In pump blogs and in clinic and support group discussions, many users report that they have experienced acute metabolic deteriorations with one IIS or another that vanish once they switch to a different one, particularly when switching from a Teflon IIS to steel. Although anecdotal reports have to be taken with care, the number and consistency of these reports suggest that the type of IIS an individual chooses has a real impact on glucose control.
How Advances in Technology can Help Safely Abandon Off-Shore Subsea Wells (2012)

Abstract At some point, an oil or gas well inevitably shifts from asset to liability, whether the result of reaching its economic limit, sustaining irreparable damage or being a disposable exploratory well. At the end of its life cycle, a well must be plugged and abandoned (P&A); while adhering to regulatory and environmental standards, its supporting infrastructure must be carefully dismantled to ensure that it poses no safety or environmental threats and any useable components salvaged to help defray costs. In addition to creating significant safety and environmental hazards, failure to properly abandon a well can lead to a noncompliant status with regulatory agencies and undermine an operator's image. Despite its multiple liabilities, abandonment offers no real return on investment (ROI), underscoring the importance of minimizing cost while still ensuring a safe and regulatory compliant operation. One of the main challenges is to retrieve the wellhead without damage so that it can be used again. Clearly wells in onshore or shallow water offshore environments present little difficulty in accessing the wellhead and carrying out the required P&A operations. However the most challenging wells to P&A are deepwater wells where the wellhead is located on the ocean floor often at considerable depth so that physical access to it is infinitely more challenging. In this subsea environment there exist two different approaches to the problems associated with well abandoned and wellhead recovery. These involve internal cutting of the surface and conductor casings combined with either internal or external latching of the wellhead. In this paper the authors will review these two different approaches, comparing their viability and describe in detail the external latching system which offers some distinct advantages in the P&A process. They will go on to provide some detailed case studies which illustrate its’ successful use in various deepwater offshore operations.
Programming Microsoft Windows with C (2002)

Look it up in Petzold remains the last word on Windows development. In this .NET-ready Windows programming guide, the best-selling author shows you how to get the most out of Windows Forms-the next-generation Windows programming class library. You'll discover how to use C# to create dynamic user interfaces and graphical outputs for Windows applications. With dozens of examples of client applications to illustrate common techniques and plenty of no-nonsense advice on best programming practices, you'll be C# sharp in no time. Topics covered in this guide include: * A tour of C# * Windows Forms * Essential structures * An exercise in text output * Lines, curves, and area fills * Tapping into the keyboard * Pages and transforms * Taming the mouse * Text and fonts * The timer and time * Images and bitmaps * Buttons, labels, and scrolls * B'ers and other splines * Menus * Paths, regions, and clipping * Dialog boxes * Brushes and pens * Edit, list, and spin controls * Font fun * Toolbars and status bars * Printing * Tree view and List view * Metafiles * Clip, drag, and drop INCLUDED ON CD-ROM: * Sample source code for all the examples presented in the book For customers who purchase an ebook version of this title, instructions for downloading the CD files can be found in the ebook.
'Clavulina rugosa': An introduced coral fungus (2013)

Members of the Fungi Group of the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria have recorded two species of white club-like or irregularly-branched coral fungi - Crested Coral-fungus Clavulina cristata (Back cover) and Clavulina subrugosa - on a number of forays and always in native forests.
Apnoeic and obstructive nonapnoeic sleep respiratory events (2009)

Obstructive nonapnoeic event (ONE) scoring is shrouded in confusion. This is important in patients with mild disease, in whom precision is crucial. The aims of the present study were: 1) to identify ONEs using oesophageal pressure (OP) (OP-ONEs) and a noninvasive (NI) method (NI-ONEs); 2) to compare both methods of scoring; and 3) to determine the contribution of ONE definitions to clinical findings. Patients with suspected sleep apnoeas (respiratory disturbance index <or=10) during a first polysomnography were subjected to a second with an OP measurement. OP-ONEs and NI-ONEs were defined as an increase in OP or discernible reduction in the amplitude of thoracoabdominal bands with both desaturation and/or arousal. Bland-Altman analysis established agreement. Comparisons were made between OP-ONEs, NI-ONEs and clinical findings. In our sample (n = 90), the addition of an arousal to the NI-ONEs or OP-ONEs with only desaturation increased the number of NI-ONEs by 329 and 362%, respectively. NI-ONEs with arousal and/or desaturation detected 91% of OP-ONEs. The association with sleepiness depended on the incorporation of arousal into the definition of ONEs. In patients with mild disease, the addition of an arousal to ONEs, with only desaturation, markedly increased respiratory disturbance index, with probable therapeutic implications. Scoring respiratory events as apnoea and ONEs is easier and sufficiently accurate.
Research on Acute Toxicity and the Behavioral Effects of Methanolic Extract from Psilocybin Mushrooms and Psilocin in Mice (2015)

The pharmacological activities and acute toxicity of the psilocin (PC) and dried residues of the crude extracts of psychotropic mushrooms were investigated in mice. The hallucinogenic substances were effectively isolated, by using methanol, from the species of Psilocybe semilanceata and Pholiotina cyanopus, that were collected in the north-east region of Poland. The chemical analysis of these extracts, which was performed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS), indicated the presence of psilocin and other hallucinogenic substances, including indolealkylamines and their phosphorylated analogues. When the pure psilocin or fungal extracts were used, slight differences in determined LD50 values were observed. However, the application of PC evoked the highest level of toxicity (293.07 mg/kg) compared to the activity of extracts from Ph. cyanopus and P. semilanceata, where the level of LD50 was 316.87 mg/kg and 324.37 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the behavioral test, which considered the head-twitching response (HTR), was used to assess the effects of the studied psychotropic factors on the serotonergic system. Both, the fungal extracts and psilocin evoked characteristic serotoninergic effects depending on the dose administered to mice, acting as an agonist/partial agonist on the serotonergic system. A dose of 200 mg/kg 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) induced spontaneous head-twitching in mice (100% effect), as a result of the formation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain. Compared to the activity of 5-HTP, the intraperitoneal administration of 1mg/kg of psilocin or hallucinogenic extracts of studied mushrooms (Ph. cyanopus and P. semilanceata) reduced the number of head-twitch responses of about 46% and 30%, respectively. In contrast, the administration of PC exhibited a reduction of about 60% in HTR numbers.
AMPA Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Stroke (2005)

Signal transduction via ionotropic glutamate receptors is found in many life forms, from protozoa to mammals. Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS, were fast postsynaptic depolarisation is induced by the activation of AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors. In addition to their important physiological role, excessive AMPA receptor stimulation is also a hallmark of excitotoxicity-related diseases, like ischaemic stroke. Conversely, AMPA receptor inhibitors were proposed to be useful neuroprotective drugs. First generation AMPA receptor blockers were competitive antagonists, like NBQX, which showed robust neuroprotection in a variety of disease-related animal models. Its clinical use, however, was restricted by the very low solubility, inducing kidney precipitaton in vivo. Second generation competitive antagonists are available, which do not possess this property. None of those, however, up to now is in clinical use. Competitive AMPA receptor antagonists are not the first choice for neuroprotective drugs, since due to receptor kinetics they preferently suppress the physiological relevant component of the postsynaptic glutamate response. Non-competitive blockers, like 2,3-benzodiazepines or the novel neuroprotectant BIIR 561 should be suited better for the treatment of stroke. The latter compound is also described as blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels. Targetting more than one mechanism in the excitotoxicity cascade might be a fruitful approach for the development of neuroprotective drugs.