gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expanding Cavitand Chemistry: The Preparation and Characterization of [n]Cavitands withn≥4 (2001)

The preparation of cavitands composed of 4, 5, 6, and 7 aromatic subunits ([n]cavitands, n=4-7) is described. The simple, two-step synthetic procedure utilized readily available starting materials (2-methylresorcinol and diethoxymethane). The two cavitand products having 4 and 5 aromatic subunits exhibited highly symmetric cone conformations, while the larger cavitands (n = 6 and 7) adopt conformations of lower symmetry. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies of [6]cavitand and [7]cavitand revealed that these hosts undergo exchange between equivalent conformations at room temperature. The departure of these two cavitands from cone conformations is related to steric crowding on their Ar-O-CH2-OAr bridges and is predicted by simple molecular mechanics calculations (MM2 force field). X-ray diffraction studies on single crystals of the [4]cavitand, [5]cavitand, and [6]cavitand hosts afforded additional experimental support for these conclusions.
Endoplasmic reticulum protein expression in recombinant NS0 myelomas grown in batch culture (1996)

During batch growth of two recombinant NS0 myelomas, an increase in the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins (GRP78/BiP, GRP94, and ERp72) was observed. A marked increase in these proteins was associated with the decline phase of growth, an increase in the production rate of chimeric antibody, and a marked slowing or halt in the uptake of glucose and glutamate. Refeeding with glucose, glutamate, or a mixture of amino acids just prior to the onset of decline phase failed to repress induction. Although refeeding with glutamate led to an increase in specific productivity, there was no significant difference in the pattern of ER protein induction. These results indicate that an increase in ER protein expression is not solely related to productivity but also to certain changes that occur during the course of batch growth.
Psychological Problems Reported by Young Adults Who Were Burned as Children (2004)

This study assessed long-term psychosocial sequelae of young adult pediatric burn survivors. Subjects were 101 young adults (43 females and 58 males) between the ages of 18 and 28 years who were at least 2 years (average, 14 years) postburn at least 30% TBSA (mean = 54 +/- 20%). Educational status was 25% high school dropouts, 28% high school graduation only, 32% some college, and 5% completed college. Seventy-seven percent either worked or attended school; 28% had had a long-term partner. When assessed by Achenbach's Young Adult Self-Report (YASR) scale and compared with its published reference group, the males reported differences only in the somatic complaints, but the females endorsed significantly more externalizing and total problems, specifically withdrawn behaviors, somatic complaints, thought problems, aggressive behavior, and delinquent behavior. Despite these problems suffered by some female pediatric burn survivors, the overall outcome revealed that most pediatric burn survivors are making the transition into adulthood with minimal unexpected difficulty.
Interleukin-11 inhibits adipogenesis and stimulates myelopoiesis in human long-term marrow cultures (1993)

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a bone marrow (BM) stromal-derived growth factor that has been shown to stimulate murine myeloid and lymphoid cells both in vitro and in vivo and to inhibit adipogenesis in a murine fibroblast cell line. We have studied the effects of IL-11 on highly purified human BM stem and progenitor cells and on human long-term marrow cultures (LTMC). Adipocyte differentiation is an integral component of murine and human LTMC. IL-11 stimulates myeloid growth as a single cytokine when added to highly enriched CD34+, HLA-DR+ bone marrow cells. IL-11 stimulated no growth in the more primitive CD34+, HLA-DR- population even in the presence of additional cytokines. IL-11 addition to human LTMC resulted in the expansion of myeloid and mixed, but not erythroid, progenitor populations. IL-11 dramatically increased the adherent cell populations, including both stromal cells and macrophages. Treated cultures also showed marked inhibition of fat accumulation in the adherent cells due in part to a block in the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes, as shown by RNA analysis using adipocyte-specific markers. These data show that IL-11 stimulates a more differentiated, although multipotential, progenitor cell in human BM and that LTMC provide a useful model for studying the effects of this cytokine in the context of the hematopoietic microenvironment.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear Allyl and μ‐Vinyl Complexes from the Reactions of a μ‐Hydrido Dimanganese and a μ‐Hydrido Manganese‐Molybdenum Complex with Alkynes Containing α‐Methyl or α‐Methylene Substituents. (1989)

Abstract The photolytic reaction of the Mn complex (I) with 1‐propyne (II) gives an inseparable isomeric mixture of (IIIa) and (IIIb) together with the allyl complex (IVa).
X-ray thermal diffuse scattering and its studies of lattice dynamics (2010)

X-ray scattering by lattice thermal vibrations give rise to thermal diffuse scattering (TDS). TDS contain valuable information about lattice dynamics of the scattering material. Historically, x-ray TDS was the first tool utilized by people in experimental determination of phonon dispersion relations. With the advent of synchrotron radiation technology, it has reemerged as an efficient probe for phonon studies in the recent decade. \n\nThe scattering can be described with a semi-classical theory, and is often decomposed into first-order and high-order processes. First-order TDS, with a simple theoretical formula, is usually the dominating component and often used as an approximation to the total intensity. However, rigorous evaluation of high-order scattering has never been truly performed in the past, due largely to the apparent mathematical complexity of its expression. An algorithm aimed at resolving this difficulty is developed by the author, and proves to be successful.\n\nAs a tool of phonon study, TDS was applied to the system of gallium-stabilized delta-plutonium. This material shows curious features in its phonon dispersion relation at room temperature; one of them was conjectured to exhibit further changes when temperature is lowered towards a structural phase transition at ~ 170 K. A TDS experiment was carried out to verify this prediction, yet analysis of the data showed that it was incorrect.\n\nIn another major project, a new experimental approach was proposed to allow extraction of phonon dispersion information from measured TDS data without relying on any presumed force-constant models, which were required in previous TDS works and pose a limit to the method???s accuracy. The new approach determines frequencies of specific phonon modes based on the temperature-dependence of TDS intensities. A benchmark test of the approach on copper yielded excellent agreement with known phonon dispersion data.
Clinical Trials for Progressive Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Patient Selection, Study Design, and Recent Advances (2009)

Treatment of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer is first based on the use of radioiodine and thyrotropin-suppressive thyroid hormone treatment. The recent availability of molecular-targeted therapies has lead to reconsideration of the treatment strategy in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with distant metastases who are resistant to radioiodine therapy. In those with progressive disease, treatment with kinase inhibitors should be offered preferably in the context of a prospective trial.
[Effective isolation and culture of the outer root sheath bulge cells, dermal sheath cells and dermal papilla cells derived from human hair follicle]. (2008)

This new method allows efficient, rapid, and simultaneous isolation and culture of ORS bulge cells, DSCs and DPCs.
Polygon Inflation for Animated Models: a Method for the Extrusion of Arbitrary Polygon Meshes (1997)

A method for the extrusion of arbitrary polygon meshes is introduced. This method can be applied to model a large class of complex 3-D closed surfaces. It consists of defining a (typically small) set of connected polygons in 3-D that form a skeleton of the final object, and assigning extrusion distances to all polygons. The two sides of a polygon may have different extrusion distances. An automatic extrusion algorithm constructs a closed 3-D polygon mesh around the skeleton, making use of the indicated extrusion distances. We call this process inflating the polygons of the skeleton. Unlike traditional extrusion, the method works for non-planar skeleton configurations, and it also supports branching skeleton structures (i.e. edges with more than two incident polygons). © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kontinuierliche Gewinnung reiner Cer‐Verbindungen in einer Gegenstrom‐Extraktionskolonne (1953)

Abstract Es wird eine Apparatur beschrieben, mit der im Gegenstromverfahren aus einer salpetersauren Lösung von Ceriterden mit Diäthyläther das Cer 4+ extrahiert werden kann.
Early degradation of type IX and type II collagen with the onset of experimental inflammatory arthritis (2001)

This study, which is the first of its kind examining changes in both types II and IX collagen and PG content, reveals early damage to both types of collagen as well as to PG in articular cartilage samples following induction of joint inflammation. SF analyses reveal this early damage and may be of value in the study and treatment of inflammatory arthritic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Low Complexity Digital Perturbation Back-propagation (2011)

A novel back-propagation algorithm is proposed based on perturbation analysis to compensate the intra-channel nonlinearity. It reduces 85% back-propagation stages in an experiment of dual polarization QPSK transmission over 1500 km dispersion uncompensated link.
Characterization of SiGe/Ge heterostructures and graded layers using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (1996)

Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) has been used to characterize Si(x)Ge(1-x)/Ge superlattices (SLs) grown on Ge substrates and thick Si(x)Ge(1-x)/Ge heterostructures grown on Si substrates. Our VASE analysis yielded the thicknesses and alloy compositions of all layers within the optical penetration depth of the surface. In addition, strain effects were observed in the VASE results for layers under both compressive and tensile strain. Results for the SL structures were found to be in close agreement with high resolution x-ray diffraction measurements made on the same samples. The VASE analysis has been upgraded to characterize linearly graded Si(x)Ge(1-x) buffer layers. The algorithm has been used to determine the total thickness of the buffer layer along with the start and end alloy composition by breaking the total thickness into many (typically more than 20) equal layers. Our ellipsometric results for 1 (mu)m buffer layers graded in the ranges 0.7 less than or = x less than or = 1.0, and 0.5 less than or = x less than or = 1.0 are presented, and compare favorably with the nominal values.
The Search for Hadamard Matrices (1963)

(1963). The Search for Hadamard Matrices. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 12-17.
A simple procedure for the separation of the catalytically important phosphabicyclononane isomers (1997)

The isomeric [3.3.1]- and [4.2.1]-phosphabicyclononanes are readily separated by a sequence of hydrophosphination/dehydrophosphination steps; new diphosphine ligands derived from the [3.3.1] isomer are described.
New design enhancements for microbolometer PIR security sensors (2010)

The design and development of microbolometer passive infrared (PIR) security sensors at Electro-optic Sensor Design (EOSD) has previously been described at the present and other SPIE forums. The primary object of this patented technology is to provide a higher performance option to current pyroelectric PIR sensors, including longer detection range, detection of developing fire and machinery failure, and imaging capability. A number of other applications have been identified. The EOSD sensor technology employs a novel mosaic-pixel focal plane detector array (MP-FPA), together with purpose-designed optics and electronic readout to achieve high detective performance in low product cost, short range sensor applications. In previous papers emphasis was placed on FPA design for amorphous silicon (a-Si) microbolometers, and other materials were briefly discussed as options. In this paper new MP-FPA designs will be described for further performance enhancement and application to vanadium oxide (VOx) and other silicon alloys, including amorphous Si:Ge. The designs are intended for high volume production in CMOS/MEMS foundries. The performance of different FPA designs is compared for upgrade PIR security sensors and low cost thermal imagers.
Effect of Sanitizers on Listeria Biofilm on Contact Surfaces (2000)

The effectiveness of sanitizers on biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes (NCTC 1994) developed on stainless steel and plastic (high density polyethylene, HDPE) surfaces was studied. There was more biofilm formation on the surface of stainless steel than on plastic with the latter being more resistant to the sanitizers than the former. Upon exposure to 100 ppm hypochlorite and 10 ppm iodophor for five minutes, there was a three to four log decrease in counts on the stainless steel surfaces, while on plastic surfaces, the reduction was one to two log cycles. Hypochlorite was more effective than iodophor in inactivating biofilm cells grown on both the surfaces. Two hundred ppm hypochlorite for five minutes. completely inactivated the adherent microcolony cells on stainless steel surfaces but failed to do so on plastic surfaces. Total inactivation of planktonic cells of L. monocytogenes was achieved using permitted concentrations of hypochlorite (10 ppm) and iodophor (1 ppm) for five minutes.
Hydrogen Bonding and the Varying Sweetness of the Sugars <sup>a</sup> (1963)

SUMMARY Sugar sweetness appears to vary with hydrogen bonding. When hydroxyl groups, which elicit sweet taste, are hydrogen bonded, ability to cause sweet taste appears to be restricted. The thesis is based upon consideration of molecular models, hydrogen‐bonding measurements, and taste tests. The varying sweetness of different sugars, and the apparent anomalous sweetness of sugar anomers may be largely resolved by considering hydroxyl group bonding.
MiniView Layout for Bandwidth-Efficient 360-Degree Video (2018)

With the recent increase in popularity of VR devices, 360-degree video has become increasingly popular. As more users experience this new medium, it will likely see further increases in popularity as users experience its greater immersiveness compared to traditional video streams. 360-degree video streams must encode the omnidirectional view, and, with current encoding techniques, these views require significantly higher bandwidth than traditional video streams. These larger bandwidth requirements comprise the main barrier toward wider adoption by video streaming services.
Establishment and characterization of a new human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line with high metastatic potential to the lung (2010)

The established PaCa 5061 cell line and its injection into pfp-/-/rag2-/- mice can be used as a new model for studying various aspects of the biology of human pancreatic cancer and potential treatment approaches for the disease.
Paving the first mile for QoS-dependent applications and appliances (2004)

Paving the first mile of quality-of-service (QoS) support has become essential for full deployment and utilization of QoS proposals in the Internet. Most of existing efforts have been made to provide network services and control without paying much attention to how applications can use these services. In this paper, we design and implement a two-tier architecture, called QoS Gateway (QoSGW), that acts as an interface between application QoS requirements and network-provided QoS capabilities. The QoSGW is to support small embedded network devices that rely on network-provided QoS. Our architecture, in its full version, is composed of two key components: (i) an agent that resides on the end-host and provides an adequate interface for QoS-dependent applications, and (ii) a QoS manager that provides an interface to network services for the agents. Using these two components enhances generality and scalability in providing QoS support for Internet applications and end-devices. The QoSGW is intended to promote QoS deployment and facilitate construction of QoS-aware access networks.
Photonic Demodulator With Sensitivity Control (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A current assisted photonic demodulator for use as a pixel in a 3-D time-of-flight imager shows nearly 100% static demodulator contrast and is operable beyond 30 MHz. An integrated tunable sensitivity control is also presented for increasing the distance measurement range and avoiding unwanted saturation during integration periods. This is achieved by application of a voltage on a dedicated drain tap showing a quenching of sensor sensitivity to below 1%. </para>
Network Dissection: Quantifying Interpretability of Deep Visual Representations (2017)

We propose a general framework called Network Dissection for quantifying the interpretability of latent representations of CNNs by evaluating the alignment between individual hidden units and a set of semantic concepts. Given any CNN model, the proposed method draws on a data set of concepts to score the semantics of hidden units at each intermediate convolutional layer. The units with semantics are labeled across a broad range of visual concepts including objects, parts, scenes, textures, materials, and colors. We use the proposed method to test the hypothesis that interpretability is an axis-independent property of the representation space, then we apply the method to compare the latent representations of various networks when trained to solve different classification problems. We further analyze the effect of training iterations, compare networks trained with different initializations, and measure the effect of dropout and batch normalization on the interpretability of deep visual representations. We demonstrate that the proposed method can shed light on characteristics of CNN models and training methods that go beyond measurements of their discriminative power.
Sequence Variations within PrfA DNA Binding Sites and Effects on <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Virulence Gene Expression (2000)

Reporter gene fusions were used to investigate the contributions of PrfA DNA binding sites to Listeria monocytogenes virulence gene expression. Our results suggest that the DNA sequence of PrfA binding sites determines the levels of expression of certain virulence genes, such as hly and mpl. Other virulence genes, such as actA and plcB, may depend upon additional factors for full regulation of gene expression.
Chemical Structure of a New Family of Bile Pigments from Human Urine (1994)

Seven bilirubin metabolites negative to the diazo reaction were identified in the urine of healthy persons by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody 24G7. Two of the seven metabolites were isolated and their chemical structures were determined using fast-atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy (FAB-MS) and 1H-NMR. The two metabolites are 1,14,15,17-tetrahydro-2,7,13-trimethyl-1,14- dioxo-3-vinyl-16H-tripyrrin-8,12-dipropionic acid and 1,14,15,17-tetrahydro-3,7,13-trimethyl-1,14-dioxo-2-vinyl-16H- tripyrrin-8,12-dipropionic acid. They are regioisomers of each other. The two bilirubin metabolites are novel tripyrrole biocompounds and belong to a third group of bile pigments following biliverdin and bilirubin. We gave these compounds the generic names biotripyrrin-a and biotripyrrin-b, respectively.
Co‐consumption of sugars or ethanol and glucose in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deleted in the HXK2 gene (2001)

An Erratum has been published for this article in Yeast 19(2) 2002, 183. In previous studies it was shown that deletion of the HXK2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yields a strain that hardly produces ethanol and grows almost exclusively oxidatively in the presence of abundant glucose. This paper reports on physiological studies on the hxk2 deletion strain on mixtures of glucose/sucrose, glucose/galactose, glucose/maltose and glucose/ethanol in aerobic batch cultures. The hxk2 deletion strain co-consumed galactose and sucrose, together with glucose. In addition, co-consumption of glucose and ethanol was observed during the early exponential growth phase. In S.cerevisiae, co-consumption of ethanol and glucose (in the presence of abundant glucose) has never been reported before. The specific respiration rate of the hxk2 deletion strain growing on the glucose/ethanol mixture was 900 µmol·min−1·(g protein)−1, which is four to five times higher than that of the hxk2 deletion strain growing oxidatively on glucose, three times higher than its parent growing on ethanol (when respiration is fully derepressed) and is almost 10 times higher than its parent growing on glucose (when respiration is repressed). This indicates that the hxk2 deletion strain has a strongly enhanced oxidative capacity when grown on a mixture of glucose and ethanol. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of TiO2 on Silicon/Copper-patterned Substrates (2012)

As microelectronic devices shrink, thinner diffusion barrier layers are needed to separate the copper and silicon substrates while leaving the copper vias open for conduction. Selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) of titanium dioxide(TiO2), a good barrier layer, onto silicon was studied by minimizing the exposure time to air of these substrates immediately before deposition. The minimized exposure time mimicked industrial conditions, where waiting before deposition is costly. Tetrakis(diethylamido)titanium (TDEAT) was used as the precursor, and water was the oxidizing agent. TDEAT was first deposited on silicon wafers using ALD to verify a steady, linear growth rate reported in the literature, and the measured rate of 0.9 ± 0.1 Å/cycle is consistent with values previously reported. Minimized exposure to air had no effect on the growth rate of TiO2 on silicon, and the effect on copper has yet to be determined.
Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfonamides via Intramolecular Copper-Catalyzed Reaction of Unsaturated Iminoiodinanes (2000)

Olefinic primary sulfonamides were treated with iodobenzene diacetate and potassium hydroxide in methanol to give intermediate iminoiodinanes. Catalytic copper(I) or (II) triflate then provided intramolecular nitrene delivery leading to aziridine formation except in one case where a rare copper-catalyzed C-H insertion was observed. The aziridines could be opened by various nucleophiles (methanol, thiophenol, allylmagnesium bromide, benzylamine) to give the corresponding substituted cyclic sulfonamides.
Energy-Efficient Electrical Power Distribution With Multi-Agent Control At Parallel Dc/Dc Converters (2011)

Consumer electronics are pervasive. It is impossible to imagine a household or office without DVD players, digital cameras, printers, mobile phones, shavers, electrical toothbrushes, etc. All these devices operate at different voltage levels ranging from 1.8 to 20 VDC, in the absence of universal standards. The voltages available are however usually 120/230 VAC at 50/60 Hz. This situation makes an individual electrical energy conversion system necessary for each device. Such converters usually involve several conversion stages and often operate with excessive losses and poor reliability. The aim of the project presented in this paper is to design and implement a multi-channel DC/DC converter system, customizing the output voltage and current ratings according to the requirements of the load. Distributed, multi-agent techniques will be applied for the control of the DC/DC converters.