gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of Polymer Colloids: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications (2001)

Polymer colloids represent a complex heterogeneous system, and in many ways, the preparation of these materials is still very much an art. The application areas for polymer colloids are diverse, including their use as binders in non-woven fabrics and paper coatings, in synthetic rubbers, in interior and exterior paints, in adhesives, as impact modifiers in toughened plastics, as catalytic supports, in a number of medical diagnostic areas, as rheology modifiers, and many others. Interest in this area has been spurred by environmental considerations and governmental actions to switch from solvent-based to water-borne systems as well as the large number of scientific challenges that remain. This chapter presents an overview of the preparation, characterization, and applications of polymer colloids, as well as giving an idea of some of the future directions, advances, and challenges in this growing field.
Using comparative human descriptions for soft biometrics (2011)

Soft biometrics is a new form of biometric identification which utilizes labeled physical or behavioral traits. Al though these traits intuitively have less discriminatory capability than mensurate approaches, they offer several ad vantages over traditional biometric techniques. Soft bio metric traits can be typically described as labels and measurements which can be understood by people, allowing retrieval and recognition based solely on human descriptions. Although being a key component of eyewitness evidence, conventional human descriptions can be considered to be unreliable. A novel method of obtaining human descriptions will be introduced which utilizes visual comparisons between subjects. The Elo rating system is used to infer relative measurements of subjects' traits based on the comparative human descriptions. This innovative approach to obtaining human descriptions has been shown to counter many problems associated with categorical (absolute) labels. The resulting soft biometric signatures have been demonstrated to be robust and allow accurate retrieval of subjects in video data and show that elapsed time can have little effect on comparative descriptions.
Albumin mediates the transcytosis of myeloperoxidase by means of caveolae in endothelial cells (2004)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), the phagocyte hemoprotein involved in neutrophil host defense and consuming nitric oxide (*NO), induces the nitration of extracellular matrix proteins and tissue remodeling subsequent to its transcytosis across the endothelial barrier. We addressed the role of an interaction of MPO with albumin as a requirement for MPO transport across the endothelium. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS analysis of 80- and 60-kDa proteins purified from human lung tissue [with a human serum albumin (HSA)-affinity column] identified these albumin-binding proteins as MPO and MPO-heavy chain. A peptide corresponding to the MPO-heavy chain residues 425-454 demonstrated high-affinity binding to HSA. Replacement of the positively charged residues, R and K with G, prevented the binding of HSA to the peptide. We observed that albumin increased the binding of (125)I-MPO to lung microvascular endothelial cells by 2-fold and the rate of transendothelial flux of (125)I-MPO in cultured monolayers and intact vessels. Disruption of caveolae with cyclodextrin prevented the albumin-induced increase in transendothelial flux of (125)I-MPO. We also observed by confocal imaging that albumin induced the rapid internalization of MPO and its colocalization with albumin-labeled vesicles. MPO colocalized with the caveolae markers cholera toxin subunit B and caveolin 1 in the endocytosed vesicles. Thus, transcytosis of MPO by caveolae induced by its charge-dependent interaction with albumin is an important means of delivering MPO to the subendothelial space. Albumin-mediated transport of MPO may thereby regulate NO bioavailability and formation of NO-derived oxidants in the vessel wall.
Biopsy and sex determination by PCR of IVF bovine embryos (1993)

Sex of early bovine embryos was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a single blastomere removed at the 16-32 cell stage. Embryos were produced in vitro and biopsied on the fifth day after in vitro fertilization. Biopsied embryos were cultured on a cumulus cell monolayer until embryo transfer. For the PCR, one pair of bovine-specific and one pair of Y-chromosome-specific primers were used. Definite signals following PCR amplification were obtained in 95.4% of cases indicating that one blastomere from a preimplantation bovine embryo is sufficient for sex determination by PCR. Nineteen biopsied embryos of predetermined sex were transferred into synchronized recipient females to examine their developmental potential in vivo. Ten of the recipients (52.6%) were found to be pregnant by ultrasonography 25 days after transfer. This result did not differ significantly from that achieved with the use of the control non-manipulated IVF embryos (54.1%; P > 0.1).
Photochromism of a Radical Diffusion-Inhibited Hexaarylbiimidazole Derivative with Intense Coloration and Fast Decoloration Performance (2008)

We report the synthesis and the photochromic behavior of a newly designed, photochromic, radical diffusion-inhibited hexaarylbiimidazole (HABI) derivative with markedly improved photochromic performance in coloration and decoloration rates as well as greater optical density in the colored state. The thermal bleaching rate (tau1/2 = 260 ms at 295 K) is the fastest among the reported ones for HABI derivatives.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. <b>XXXVII</b>. Syntheses in the cyclopenta, cyclohexa‐, and cycloheptathieno[2,3‐<i>b</i>]pyridine series. Three analogs of 9‐amino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroacridine (1990)

Abstract 4‐Aminocyclopenta‐, 4‐aminocyclohexa‐, and 4‐aminocycloheptathieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridines were synthesized in very low overall yield by four‐step procedures starting from bis(2‐thienylammonium) hexachlorostannate(IV) and 2‐hydroxymethylenecyclopentanone, 2‐methoxymethylenecyclohexanone, and 2‐hydroxymethylenecycloheptanone, respectively.
The Effect of Structural Properties of a Two-Layered Electrode on the Li-Ion Battery Polarization (2019)

A complete cell model composed of a two-layered positive electrode with single-sized particles in each layer was presented to describe the effects of volume fraction of two particles distributed in the positive electrode and thickness of two layers on the Li-ion cell performance during discharge. It was determined that for such positive electrode, the volume fraction of particles near the separator should be less than the volume fraction of particles adjacent to the current collector, disregarding the particle size. In this situation, more Li-ions reach the particles surface at the back of the electrode (near the current collector) and the Li intercalation reaction proceeds more effectively. One objective of this work was to determine the optimized volume fraction of particles to obtain the lowest total polarization in the cell and the highest voltage with positive electrodes containing two layers of the same thickness. The analysis also showed that the lowest total cell polarization was achieved by increasing the thickness of the layer composed of the smaller particles in the range of a = 1.5 to a = 2, where a is the ratio of the total thickness of the positive electrode to the thickness of the layer composed of the smaller particles.
Acid-base and electrolyte disorders : a companion to Brenner & Rector's the kidney (2002)

I. Acid Base Disorders 1. Regulation of whole body acid-base balance 2. Urinary acidification 3. Diagnosis of simple and mixed disorders 4. Metabolic acidosis 5. Ketoacidosis 6. Lactic acidosis 7. Metabolic alkalosis 8. Respiratory acidosis 9. Respiratory alkalosis 10. Acid-base disorders in the critical care setting 11. Renal tubular acidosis 12. The acidosis of CRF II. Water 1. Cell biology of vasopressin and the aquaporins 2. Hyponatremia 3. Hypernatremia and the polyuric disorders III. Electrolytes: Sodium 1. Sodium transport in the kidney 2. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 3. The edematous disorders 4. Salt washing 5. Genetic disorders of renal electrolyte transport 6. Electrolyte abnormalities in the ICU IV. Electrolytes: Potassium 1. Regulation of renal potassium transport 2. Hypokalemia 3. Hyperkalemia 4. Aldosterone deficiency and resistance V. Electrolytes: Divalent Ions 1. Renal regulation of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus 2. Abnormal calcium and magnesium metabolism 3. Hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia 4. Idiopathic hypercalciuria and renal stone diseas
VHF-FM receiver secondary services: RDS to ARI compatibility topics (1990)

The authors investigate the mutual compatibility of the usual traffic announcement analog secondary broadcasting ARI (auto radio information) service and simultaneous digital secondary service, known as the radio data system (RDS), evaluating cross-interferences in the standard VHF-FM receiver without coherent detection. On the basis of the analysis and computer simulation the authors conclude that full compatibility of the RDS and ARI systems is possible solely by quadrature procedures both at the transmitting and receiving sides. This implies coherent detection at the receiving side of the circuit for both RDS and ARI signals. The compatibility of the already existing ARI receivers (using an envelope detector) with the RDS system is not ideal. The worst case occurs when some broadcast transmitter broadcasts only RDS signals (without ARI signals). The compatibility of an only-ARI receiver for the reception of RDS+ARI signals depends primarily on the bandpass width of the filter for separation of signals and 57-kHz subcarrier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fibrinogen degradation products in acute renal failure of the newborn. (1983)

Acute parenchymal renal failure (ARF) in the newborn infant has emerged as a major problem since the advent of neonatal intensive care units. Because intravascular and/or intrarenal coagulation may be important in the development of ARF, a prospective study of coagulation was performed on 20 babies with ARF, with particular emphasis on the measurement of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in serum and urine. Thirteen babies with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and 40 healthy neonates served as controls. Initial serum FDP levels were significantly higher in ARF than in RDS or normals (P less than 0.001); initial urine FDP levels were higher in ARF than in normals (P less than 0.01). Levels of FDP did not differentiate among the various etiologies of ARF. Since initial urine FDP levels are high in normal newborns, serial urine FDP were compared among patient groups and found to be highest in ARF. Initial serum and urine FDP levels could not differentiate among the 11 survivors and 9 nonsurvivors, but FDP levels declined as the duration of ARF (e.g., survival) increased, often antedating the recovery of renal function. We conclude: (1) serum and urine FDP are significantly elevated in most newborns with ARF; (2) factors other than hypoxia may be involved in the pathogenesis of elevated serum FDP in RDS with ARF newborns, indicating the importance of coagulation; (3) serial measurements of serum and urine FDP may be early indicators of recovery of renal function.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic colonization in cystic fibrosis patients (2007)

Eradication of P. aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients remains problematic. As more information emerges about P. aeruginosa behavior in vivo, potential therapeutics directed against biofilms and mucoid P. aeruginosa are being developed.
Free Radical Formation in a Gamma-irradiated Pyrimidine-purine Co-crystal Complex (1968)

SummaryThe formation and properties of free radicals in a co-crystal complex between 1-methylthymine and 9-methyladenine have been studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. It was found that the radicals formed in this complex do not represent a simple composite of those formed in the individual components. For irradiation at 77°K, the location of the radical(s) in the complex could not be determined, but at 300°K radicals are preferentially formed on the 1-methylthymine moiety. The radical on the 1-methylthymine moiety at 300°K is formed by hydrogen addition on C6 of the thymine ring. This radical has greater conformational stability and resistance to heat decay when in the co-crystal complex than when in the 1-methylthymine crystal structure.
Semi-supervised classification algorithm based on the KNN (2011)

KNN algorithm is a classification algorithm based on examples. For a test documentation, we need to calculate the similarity with each text of the training sample focus, the computation complexity is very high. According to this problem, this paper puts forward a method based on the EM-KNN semi-supervised classification algorithm. Firstly, the algorithm to cluster the training set, calculate the center of each category, then combine the center of each category and the clustering the text to form new training set. Finally train the new training set with classical KNN algorithm. Experimental results show that computational complexity can be reduced largely and the performance of the classifier can be improved by this algorithm.
Tiroiditis de Hashimoto y síndrome de Sjögren: ¿Asociación o síndrome múltiple autoinmune? (2001)

A case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis associated with incomplete Sjögren's syndrome is revised. Both immune disorders are together not just as a casual event, but literature says that common mechanisms could have something to be. Previous publications express that autoimmune thyroid dysfunction is frequently associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome and should be sought clinically and by laboratory test in all these patients.
Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods: A Synthesis (2006)

Agricultural and Food Policy
3D to 2D Routes to Ultrathin and Expanded Zeolitic Materials (2013)

This contribution reports new methodology we have developed for the disassembly of 3-D UTL framework into 2-D lamellae followed by structure modification including pillaring. This may be widely applicable, particularly to other zeolites that have D4R units present, and so should have great impact also on other porous solids. Specifically, controlled hydrolysis of D4R units in the interlayer space provides individual ultrathin layers with UTL structure by a chemically selective method. Further manipulation of the layers gives a completely novel approach (3D to 2D to pillared) offering hitherto unprecedented opportunities for the preparation of modified zeolites with diverse chemical and structural properties.
Effect of neonatal injection of anti-<i>mu</i> antibodies on immunity to schistosomes (<i>S. mansoni</i>) in the rat. (1980)

The effect of neonatally initiated injections of anti-mu serum on immunity to reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni in the rat was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Anti-mu treatment resulting in a profound depression of immunoglobulin synthesis dramatically decreased immunity to reinfection assessed by worm recovery technique. Complement-dependent antibody, IgG2a antibody-eosinophil-mediated and IgE-macrophage cytotoxicity reactions were in parallel markedly reduced. These results show the prominent role played by antibody-dependent mechanisms in immunity to schistosomes in the rat.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy on Tendon/Ligament Healing (2017)

A normal healing response after ligament and tendon rupture results in scar formation and an inferior tissue that fails to emulate its original structure, composition, and function. More regenerative healing (closer to the original) can be obtained through early suppression of inflammatory cells and associated cytokines. Examination of the immune mediated response of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) during healing indicates that MSCs reprogram macrophages from a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Based on these studies our objective was to treat ligament and tendon injuries with MSCs in order to modulate their inflammatory response. Our initial studies using allogeneic cells demonstrated an <i>in vivo</i> dose dependency of MSCs on ligament healing. Medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) treated with 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> (low dose) MSCs exhibited less inflammation and a reduced number of M1 macrophages compared to ligaments treated with 4 × 10<sup>6</sup> (high dose) MSCs. Strength of ligament was also improved with the low dose treatment. We then examined the <i>in vivo</i> effects of MSCs that had been preconditioned to be more anti-inflammatory. Treatment with these preconditioned MSCs was compared with normally processed (unconditioned) MSCs using the rat Achilles tendon and MCL healing models. Pre-conditioned MSCs significantly reduced inflammation by increasing the M2 macrophages and decreasing the M1 macrophages. Most importantly, treatment with pre-conditioned MSCs improved tissue strength to levels comparable to intact tissue. Overall, pre-conditioned MSC-treatment out-performed unconditioned MSCs to improve ligament and tendon healing by stimulating a more robust, paracrine-mediated immunosuppressive response.
Catabolite repression mediated by the CcpA protein in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: novel modes of regulation revealed by whole‐genome analyses (2001)

Previous studies have shown that the CcpA protein of Bacillus subtilis is a major transcription factor mediating catabolite repression. We report here whole-transcriptome analyses that characterize CcpA-dependent, glucose-dependent gene expression and correlate the results with full-genome computer analyses of DNA binding (CRE) sites for CcpA. The data obtained using traditional approaches show good agreement with those obtained using the transcriptome approach. About 10% of all genes in B. subtilis are regulated > 3x by glucose, with repressed genes outnumbering activated genes three to one. Eighty per cent of these genes depend on CcpA for regulation. Classical approaches have provided only evidence for CcpA-mediated, glucose-dependent activation or repression. We show here that CcpA also mediates glucose-independent activation or repression, and that glucose may alter either the direction or the intensity of either effect. Computer analyses revealed the presence of CRE sites in most operons subject to CcpA-mediated glucose repression, but not in those subject to glucose activation, suggesting that either secondary transcription factors regulate the latter genes or activation by CcpA involves a dissimilar binding site. Operons encoding the constituents of ABC-type transporters that are subject to CcpA-mediated glucose regulation show two distinct patterns: either all genes in the operon are regulated in parallel (the minor class) or the gene encoding the extracytoplasmic solute-binding receptor is preferentially regulated (the major class). Genes subject to CcpA-independent catabolite repression are primarily concerned with sporulation. Several transcription factors were identified that are themselves regulated by CcpA at the transcriptional level. Representative data with functionally characterized genes are presented to illustrate the novel findings. The comprehensive transcriptome data are available on our website: www.biology.uesd.edu/~MSAIER/regulation/ and also on http://www.blackwell-science.com/ products/journals/suppmat/MMI/MMI2328/MMI2328sm.htm
The Synthesis, Characterization, and Testing of a Reagent for the Selective Removal of Dichromate and Perchlorate from Aqueous Solution (1996)

Abstract N-4-Vinylbenzyl-N'-benzyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane was synthesized and tested to determine its ability to selectively precipitate anions. Fifty-one common anions were tested. The reagent reacted only with nine: dichromate, dithionate, ferricyanide, tetrafluoroborate, iodide, nitroferricyanide, perchlorate, persulfate, and picrate.
THE DYNAMICS OF SHAPES (2011)

This thesis consists of two parts, connected by one central theme: the dynamics of the "shape of space". To give the reader some inkling of what we mean by "shape of space", consider the fact that the shape of a triangle is given solely by its three internal angles; its position and size in ambient space are irrelevant for this ultimately intrinsic description. Analogously, the shape of a 3 dimensional space is given by a metric up to coordinate and conformal changes. Considerations of a relational nature strongly support the development of such dynamical theories of shape. The first part of the thesis concerns the construction of a theory of gravity dynamically equivalent to general relativity (GR) in 3+1 form (ADM). What is special about this theory is that it does not possess foliation invariance, as does ADM. It replaces that "symmetry" by another: local conformal invariance. In so doing it more accurately reflects a theory of the "shape of space", giving us reason to call it shape dynamics. (SD). Being a very recent development, the consequences of this radical change of perspective on gravity are still largely unexplored. In the first part we will try to present some of the highlights of results so far, and indicate what we can and cannot do with shape dynamics. Because this is a young, rapidly moving field, we have necessarily left out some interesting new results which are not yet in print and were developed alongside the writing of the thesis. The second part of the thesis will develop a gauge theory for "shape of space"--theories. To be more precise, if one admits that the physically relevant bservables are given by shape, our descriptions of Nature carry a lot of redundancy, namely absolute local size and absolute spatial position. This redundancy is related to the action of the infinite-dimensional conformal and diffeomorphism groups on the geometry of space. We will show that the action of these groups can be put into a language of infinite-dimensional gauge theory, taking place in the configuration space of 3+1 gravity. In this context gauge connections acquire new and interesting meanings, and can be used as "relational tools".
Short term ride through capabilities for direct frequency converters (2002)

Many solutions to provide continuous operation of adjustable speed drives (ASDs) during power grid disturbances are proposed, but they are all applied to DC-link ASD. In this paper a new solution to provide limited ride-through operation of a scalar controlled direct frequency converter (DFC) for a duration of hundreds of milliseconds, without any hardware modification, is presented. During the ride-through operation, the drive is not capable of developing torque or controlling the motor flux. By recovering the necessary power to feed the control hardware, the DFC is able to keep the ASD operating. When the power grid disturbance disappears, the DFC is also able to accelerate the motor from nonzero speed and flux by initializing the modulator with the estimated frequency and initial voltage vector angle. The duration of the ride-through operation depends on the initial motor flux, speed level, rotor time constant, load torque and inertia.
Effect of ethylene glycol on the formation of extended crystals of M1/3Co2/3C2O4 · 2H2O (M = Zn, Mn) oxalates and their thermolysis products (2006)

The effect of ethylene glycol (EG) on the formation of whiskers and fibers of complex oxides with the general formula MCo2O4 upon the thermolysis of M1/3Co2/3C2O4 (M = Zn, Mn) oxalates has been studied. New compounds (solvates) are formed when powdered oxalates are heated with EG. In the solvates, EG molecules substitute for water molecules according to the reaction M1/3Co2/3C2O4 · 2H2O + HOCH2CH2OH = M1/3Co2/3C2O4(HOCH2CH2OH) + 2H2O. The solvates have been characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, microscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and chemical analysis. The shape, structure, and particle size of the thermolysis products of EG-modified oxalates have been determined using scanning electron microscopy.