gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Execution Pattern Mining and Concept Lattice Analysis on Software Structure Evaluation. (2006)

Software maintenance activities for producing a feature-rich system tend to impair the software’s structure into an unshaped and cost-prone legacy system. Thus, it is desir-able to keep track and measure the impacts of the newly added features on the structure of the software system. The proposed technique in this paper is based on extracting fre-quent patterns in the execution traces of a software system using a pattern discovery technique. The patterns represent functionalities that correspond to the feature specific sce-narios. In a further step, the generated execution patterns are distributed on a concept lattice to separate feature spe-cific patterns from commonly used patterns. The proposed technique allows for assigning software features onto the software system modules and provides a means for assess-ing the degree of functionality scattering among the system modules. Consequently, we measure the impact of individ-ual features on the structure of the system. A case study on the Unix Xfig drawing tool is used to present the accuracy of the approach.
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus model rats (2002)

To gain insight into the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, we investigated cardiac function in terms of the coupling of left ventricular mechanical work and the energetics in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats, which are well known as a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Neither left ventricular systolic function and mean coronary flow nor coronary flow reserve differed even in late DM rats. The amount of oxygen required for mechanical work and contraction was unaltered, although myosin isozyme was finally transformed from V(1) to V(3). The maximum pacing rate was decreased from 300 to 240 beats/min, and the left ventricular relaxation rate was significantly (P < 0.05) slower only in late DM rats, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption per minute for total Ca(2+) handling in excitation-contraction coupling mainly consumed by sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2) without significant changes in basal metabolism or in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The protein level of SERCA2 in membranes was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in severe DM rats. We conclude that the only lusitropic dysfunction due to the depressed expression of SERCA2 is related to generating diabetic cardiomyopathy even in the present type 2 diabetic rats.
Chemical modification of manganese porphyrins with biomolecules for new functional antioxidants (2003)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the reduction of O2*- to H2O2, is the key enzyme for the protection of oxidative stress. Here we have chemically modified manganese (Mn) porphyrins with biomolecules for new functional antioxidants. The Mn-porphyrins were conjugated with the following biochemical functional molecules: (1) catalase, to catalyze reduction of H2O2 to H2O. The resulting conjugate showed dual functions of SOD and catalase; (2) a carbohydrate, to facilitate receptor binding and, hence, active targeting. The resulting conjugate showed both SOD activity and carbohydrate recognition. These results suggest that the antioxidants promise the application to biomedical fields.
Comprehensive experimental analyses of automotive attack surfaces (2011)

Modern automobiles are pervasively computerized, and hence potentially vulnerable to attack. However, while previous research has shown that the internal networks within some modern cars are insecure, the associated threat model — requiring prior physical access — has justifiably been viewed as unrealistic. Thus, it remains an open question if automobiles can also be susceptible to remote compromise. Our work seeks to put this question to rest by systematically analyzing the external attack surface of a modern automobile. We discover that remote exploitation is feasible via a broad range of attack vectors (including mechanics tools, CD players, Bluetooth and cellular radio), and further, that wireless communications channels allow long distance vehicle control, location tracking, in-cabin audio exfiltration and theft. Finally, we discuss the structural characteristics of the automotive ecosystem that give rise to such problems and highlight the practical challenges in mitigating them. 1
High-Speed Fluorescence Microscopy: Lifetime Imaging in the Biomedical Sciences (1995)

The ability to observe the behavior of living cells and tissues provides unparalleled access to information regarding the organization and dynamics of complex cellular structures. While great strides have been made over the past 30 to 40 years in the design and application of a variety of novel optical microscopic techniques, until recently, it has not been possible to image biological phenomena that occur over very short time periods (nanosecond to millisecond) or over short distances (10 to 1000 Å). However, the recent combination of (1) very rapidly gated and sensitive image intensifiers and (2) the ability to deliver fluorescence excitation energy to intact living biological specimens in a pulsed or sinusoidally modulated fashion has allowed such measurements to become a reality through the imaging of the lifetimes of fluorescent molecules. This capability has resulted in the ability to observe the dynamic organization and interaction of cellular components on a spatial and temporal scale previously not possible using other microscopic techniques. This paper discusses the implementation of a fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope (FLIM) and provides a review of some of the applications of such an instrument. These include measurements of receptor topography and subunit interactions using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence anisotropy of phospholipids in cell membranes, cytosolic free calcium (Ca 2+ ) i and the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in clinical cervicovaginal smears.
Gamma Rays from Interaction of 14-Mev Neutrons with Various Materials (1953)

Experiments have been performed to observe the pulse-height distribution produced in a single crystal spectrometer by gamma radiation arising from bombardment of various materials with 14-Mev neutrons. Various gamma-ray lines have been identified and estimates made of the total cross section for gamma-ray production.
Liquid Chromatography Coupled On-Line to Flow Cytometry for Postcolumn Homogeneous Biochemical Detection (2003)

The feasibility of flow cytometry as read-out principle for homogeneous cell- or bead-based assays coupled on-line to LC is demonstrated using digoxin-coated beads (Dig-Beads) and fluorescent-labeled anti-digoxin (AD-FITC) as model system. The assay is carried out in a postcolumn continuous-flow reaction detection system where the AD-FITC and Dig-Beads are simultaneously added to the eluate of an LC separation column. Binding of AD-FITC to Dig-Beads results in a constant amount of fluorescence associated with the beads, which is detected by the flow cytometer. The presence of active compounds, such as digoxin and its analogues, in the sample will results in a decrease of the AD-FITC-Dig-Bead complex and, consequently, in the bead-associated fluorescence. Hence, the bead-associated fluorescence detected is inversely related to the digoxin concentration. A data-handling algorithm was developed in-house for adequate analysis of raw data output from the flow cytometer. Various conditions that influence the performance of this novel LC-biochemical detection (LC-BCD) system were investigated to determine the optimal settings of the bead-based biochemical interaction. The optimized flow injection bead-based assay was capable of detecting very low concentrations of digoxigenin (0.5 nmol/L), digoxin (0.1 nmol/L), and gitoxigenin (50 nmol/L). The applicability of LC coupled on-line to flow cytometry was demonstrated by the individual detection of digoxin, digoxigenin, and gitoxigenin in a single LC analysis. The successful coupling of LC on-line to flow cytometry principally enables the use of a wide range of new homogeneous assay formats in LC-BCD, such as membrane-bound receptor assays, cell-binding assays, and functional cell-based assays. Next to the ability to use insoluble targets, and also multiplexing assays, i.e., performing a number of assays simultaneously, using color- or size-coded beads becomes at hand in LC-BCD.
Coloring Carbohydrates: Investigation of Azulene Derivatives as Blue Protecting Groups (2009)

Coloring carbohydrate derivatives by a chromophore tag greatly facilitates all purification steps during a synthetic sequence, according to a methodology called “chromophore-supported purification” (CSP). Herein an Fmoc-analogous blue protective group for CSP is introduced, based on guaiazulene. Following a mechanistic rational, the synthesis and introduction of this new protecting group is shown, together with its removal under variable conditions and its application for the synthesis of glycoclusters of a glycopeptide and glycopeptoid type.
Hydrogen induced cracking susceptibility in different layers of a hot rolled X70 pipeline steel (2013)

Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) behaviour was investigated in three layers of RD–ND plane. HIC test showed that all cracks initiated from the mid-thickness of the RD–ND plane and propagated in the rolling direction of the steel plate. Hydrogen permeation test results showed a lower permeability and diffusivity coefficient for the third layer resulting in the highest density of traps and consequently HIC susceptibility. Considering the HIC test and crystallographic texture measurements, cracks initiated from the grain boundaries associated with {100} grain orientation and arrested in regions with some strong texture components, such as {110}//ND, {112}//ND, and possibly {332}//ND. The role of HABs and CSLs boundaries was important in crack propagation.
NK Cells Play a Critical Role in the Regulation of Class I-Deficient Hemopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment: Evidence for NK Tolerance Correlates with Receptor Editing (2005)

The role that NK cells play in the rejection of hemopoietic stem cell (HSC) and tolerance induction has remained controversial. In this study, we examined whether NK cells play a direct role in the rejection of HSC. Purified HSC from MHC class II-deficient mice engrafted readily in congenic mice, while HSC from class I-deficient donors (beta(2)-microglobulin(-/-) (beta(2)m(-/-))) failed to engraft. Recipient mice lacking CD8(+), CD4(+), or T cells also rejected HSC from class I-deficient donors, pointing directly to NK cells as the effector in rejection of HSC. Recipients, deficient in or depleted of NK cells, engrafted readily with beta(2)m(-/-) HSC. Expression of the activating Ly-49D and inhibitory Ly-49G2 receptors on recipient NK cells was significantly decreased in these beta(2)m(-/-)-->B6 chimeras, and the proportion of donor NK cells expressing Ly-49D was also significantly decreased. Notably, beta(2)m(-/-) chimeras accepted beta(2)m(-/-) HSC in second transplants, demonstrating that NK cells in the chimeras had been tolerized to beta(2)m(-/-). Taken together, our data demonstrate that NK cells play a direct role in the regulation of HSC engraftment, and down-regulation and/or deletion of specific NK subsets in mixed chimeras can contribute to the induction of NK cell tolerance in vivo. Moreover, our data show that bone marrow-derived elements significantly contribute to NK cell development and tolerance.
Towards Distributed Workflow Process Management (1999)

A dose calculation method that uses three uptake measurements provides sufficient data about the effective half-life of 131I in the thyroid. There is considerable difference in the half-life based on the disease being treated (Graves' disease or toxic nodular goiter). The 131I half-life also is shorter after pretreatment with anti-thyroid drugs. Thus, the simpler method leads to significant uncertainty, leading to over- as well undertreatment of the patient.
Pulsed laser ablation of soft tissues, gels, and aqueous solutions at temperatures below 100°C (1996)

Nanosecond laser ablation of water, gels, and soft tissue under confined-stress conditions of irradiation may occur at temperatures below 100 degrees C. This ablation regime minimizes thermal injury to adjacent tissues and involves thermoelastic stress and recoil pressure magnitudes, which may be tolerated by tissues adjacent to an ablated crater.
INDIRECT ALLORECOGNITION IN ACQUIRED THYMIC TOLERANCE: INDUCTION OF DONOR-SPECIFIC TOLERANCE TO RAT CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS BY ALLOPEPTIDE-PULSED HOST DENDRITIC CELLS1,2 (1999)

This novel finding that allopeptide-pulsed host DC induces tolerance to cardiac allografts suggests that the induction of acquired tolerance is dependent on the indirect allorecognition pathway. The results further suggest that genetically engineered DC expressing donor MHC class I or II molecules or a peptide analogue might have therapeutic potential in the induction of transplant tolerance and in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Chasing Phosphohistidine, an Elusive Sibling in the Phosphoamino Acid Family (2011)

This year (2012) marks the 50th anniversary of the discovery of protein histidine phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of histidine (pHis) is now widely recognized as being critical to signaling processes in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. However, the modification is also becoming more widely reported in mammalian cellular processes and implicated in certain human disease states such as cancer and inflammation. Nonetheless, much remains to be understood about the role and extent of the modification in mammalian cell biology. Studying the functional role of pHis in signaling, either in vitro or in vivo, has proven devilishly hard, largely due to the chemical instability of the modification. As a consequence, we are currently handicapped by a chronic lack of chemical and biochemical tools with which to study histidine phosphorylation. Here, we discuss the challenges associated with studying the chemical biology of pHis and review recent progress that offers some hope that long-awaited biochemical reagents for studying this elusive posttranslational modification (PTM) might soon be available.
Algorithm for the parameters of double tuned filter (2002)

On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of the simplest and the basic type of double tuned filter, an algorithm for precisely determining its parameters is presented. Using this method, the inductances and the capacitances of the filter can be calculated from known data such as the reactive compensation capacity, the tuned frequencies and the parallel resonant frequency, etc. There are various damped types of double tuned filters, they have three pairs of tuned frequencies under the conditions of: (i) the equivalent impedance being minimum; (ii) the total reactance being zero; and (iii) when the damping resistors are out of service. Usually the tuned frequencies of condition (i) or (ii) are selected to determine parameters of the filter in the design process. The diagram for determining the parameters of damped-types is also developed.
A Clustering Technique using Density Difference (2007)

Finding clusters with widely differing sizes, shapes and densities in presence of noise and outliers is a challenging job. The DBSCAN algorithm is a versatile clustering algorithm that can find clusters with differing size and shape in databases containing noise and outliers. But it cannot find clusters with different densities. We extend the DBSCAN algorithm so that it can also detect clusters that differ in densities. While expanding a cluster local density is taken into consideration. Starting with a core object a cluster is extended by expanding only those density connected core objects whose neighbourhood sizes are within certain ranges as determined by their neighbours already existing in the cluster. Our algorithm detects clusters even if they are not separated by sparse regions. The computational complexity of the modified algorithm (O(n log n)) remains same as the original DBSCAN
Bubbles with shock waves and ultrasound: a review (2015)

The study of the interaction of bubbles with shock waves and ultrasound is sometimes termed 'acoustic cavitation'. It is of importance in many biomedical applications where sound waves are applied. The use of shock waves and ultrasound in medical treatments is appealing because of their non-invasiveness. In this review, we present a variety of acoustics-bubble interactions, with a focus on shock wave-bubble interaction and bubble cloud phenomena. The dynamics of a single spherically oscillating bubble is rather well understood. However, when there is a nearby surface, the bubble often collapses non-spherically with a high-speed jet. The direction of the jet depends on the 'resistance' of the boundary: the bubble jets towards a rigid boundary, splits up near an elastic boundary, and jets away from a free surface. The presence of a shock wave complicates the bubble dynamics further. We shall discuss both experimental studies using high-speed photography and numerical simulations involving shock wave-bubble interaction. In biomedical applications, instead of a single bubble, often clouds of bubbles appear (consisting of many individual bubbles). The dynamics of such a bubble cloud is even more complex. We shall show some of the phenomena observed in a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) field. The nonlinear nature of the sound field and the complex inter-bubble interaction in a cloud present challenges to a comprehensive understanding of the physics of the bubble cloud in HIFU. We conclude the article with some comments on the challenges ahead.
The US Display Consortium: Analysis of a Public/Private Partnership (1998)

This paper analyses the US response to Japanese and wider East Asian leadership in advanced flat panel displays, focusing in particular on the formation of the US Display Consortium. The paper discusses the circumstances in which the consortium was formed, and provides an initial evaluation of its effects to date.
An Approach for Context-Aware Service Discovery and Recommendation (2010)

Given the large amount of existing services and the diversified needs nowadays, it is time-consuming for end-users to find appropriate services. To help end-users obtain their desired services, context-aware systems provide a promising way to automatically search and recommend services using a user's context. However, existing context-aware techniques have limited support for dynamic adaption to newly added context types (e.g., location, time and activity). Due to the diversity of user's environment, the available context types may change over time. It is challenging to anticipate a complete set of context types while we design a context aware system. In this paper, we propose a context modeling approach which can dynamically handle various context types and values. More specifically, we use ontologies to enhance the meaning of a user's context values and automatically identify the relations among different context values. Based on the relations among context values, we capture the potential services which the user might need. A case study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach. The results show that our approach can use contexts to find users' needs and recommend their desired services with high precision and recall.
Probabilistic job scheduling for distributed real-time applications (2002)

The authors describe a heuristic for dynamically scheduling time-constrained tasks in a distributed environment. When a task is submitted to a node, the scheduling software tries to schedule the task locally so as to meet its deadline. If that is not feasible, it tries to locate another node where this could be done with a high probability of success. Nodes in the system inform each other about their state (vis-a-vis the availability of free cycles) using a combination of broadcasting and gossiping. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated both analytically and via simulation. Based on these findings, they argue that keeping a diverse availability profile and using passive bidding (through gossiping) are both advantageous to distributed scheduling for real-time systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A multifractal wavelet model for positive processes (2002)

In this paper, we describe a new multiscale model for characterizing positive-valued and long-range dependent data. The model uses the Haar wavelet transform and puts a constraint on the wavelet coefficients to guarantee positivity, which results in a swift O(N) algorithm to synthesize N-point data sets. We elucidate our model's ability to capture the covariance structure of real data, study its multifractal properties, and derive a scheme for matching it to real data observations. We demonstrate the model's utility by applying it to network traffic synthesis. The flexibility and accuracy of the model and fitting procedure result in a close match to the real data statistics (variance-time plots) and queuing behaviour.
Nanoscale magnetometry through quantum control of nitrogen–vacancy centres in rotationally diffusing nanodiamonds (2013)

The confluence of quantum physics and biology is driving a new generation of quantum-based sensing and imaging technology capable of harnessing the power of quantum effects to provide tools to understand the fundamental processes of life. One of the most promising systems in this area is the nitrogen–vacancy centre in diamond—a natural spin qubit which remarkably has all the right attributes for nanoscale sensing in ambient biological conditions. Typically the nitrogen–vacancy qubits are fixed in tightly controlled/isolated experimental conditions. In this work quantum control principles of nitrogen–vacancy magnetometry are developed for a randomly diffusing diamond nanocrystal. We find that the accumulation of geometric phases, due to the rotation of the nanodiamond plays a crucial role in the application of a diffusing nanodiamond as a bio-label and magnetometer. Specifically, we show that a freely diffusing nanodiamond can offer real-time information about local magnetic fields and its own rotational behaviour, beyond continuous optically detected magnetic resonance monitoring, in parallel with operation as a fluorescent biomarker.
A two-channel radiotelemetry system for clinical fetal monitoring. (1980)

A radiotelemetry system for monitoring fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor has been developed and evaluated. The two-channel transmitter utilizes a miniature intrauterine pressure sensor which frequency modulates a subcarrier. The fetal electrocardiogram picked up by a scalp electrode is summed with the subcarrier and this direct frequency modulates the RF carrier. The transmitter has been constructed in a miniature package using conventional electronic components. A receiver system which obtains the original signals and feeds them to a conventional fetal monitor has been developed for use with this transmitter. Clinical evaluation has shown the telemetry system to provide efficacious signals.
Imaging of pulmonary edema with electrical impedance tomography (2002)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) uses electrical measurements at electrodes placed on the thorax to image changes in the conductivity distribution within the thorax. This technique should be of interest in studying pulmonary edema as the clinical phenomena of interest induce large conductivity changes. The authors have conducted a series of experiments on dogs to quantify the capacity of EIT to measure lung tidal volume and fluid content. Results indicate good correlation of the quantities measured by EIT with standard reference techniques. Certain difficulties with the long term stability of electrodes and measurement electronics were noted as design criteria for future EIT systems.