gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine is selectively toxic for TdT-positive cells (1988)

The 2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides (ddNs) are currently undergoing clinical evaluation as antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected individuals. When phosphorylated, the ddNs (ddNTPs) function as chain-terminating substrate analogues with reverse transcriptase, thereby inhibiting HIV replication. These nucleoside analogues can also inhibit, by chain- terminating additions, the primitive lymphoid DNA polymerase, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). To determine the effect of possible intracellular chain-terminating additions of ddNMPs by TdT, we exposed a series of TdT-positive and TdT-negative cell lines to 2′,3′- dideoxyadenosine (ddA), a representative ddN. At ddA concentrations 25- fold higher than required for inhibition of HIV replication, progressive dose-related cytotoxicity was observed in the TdT-positive cell lines. This was accentuated by the adenosine deaminase inhibitor Coformycin (CF), presumably by enhancing the intracellular generation of ddATP from ddA. A central role of TdT in mediating the ddA/CF cytotoxicity was suggested by studies in a pre-B-cell line rendered TdT positive by infection with a TdT cDNA-containing retroviral vector. After a 48-hour continuous exposure period to 250 mumol/L ddA and 30 mumol/L CF, 30% cell death was observed in the TdT-negative parental line, whereas 90% cell death was observed in the TdT-positive daughter line. Exposure of fresh TdT-positive leukemic cells to ddA/CF for 72 hours ex vivo resulted in cytotoxicity (six cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL]) while not affecting TdT-negative acute leukemic cells (six cases). We conclude that ddA/CF selectively damages TdT-positive cells, presumably by chain-terminating additions of ddAMP, and that this may have therapeutic relevance in TdT-positive malignant disease.
Preparation of ZnO membrane by chemical bath deposition method via regulated acidity (2012)

In this study, the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method was used to deposit a ZnO membrane on an indium tin oxide glass substrate. The deposition reaction working temperature was 90°C and the temperature retaining deposition time was 60 min; NH 4 OH was used to control the pH value in the range 10~11, and after deposition, the specimen was thermally annealed in air. Annealing temperatures in the range of 100~500°C were adopted to investigate the thin-film growth behavior and the effect of processing temperature on the ZnO membrane performance during the annealing process. The process parameters related to the preparation of the ZnO membrane by CBD were the pH value, retaining temperature deposition time, working temperature for the deposition reaction, annealing thermal processing, and so on. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe and analyze the surface morphology and microstructure of the membrane cross section, and UV-Vis spectrometry was used to measure the optical transmission of the ZnO membrane in air at different annealing temperatures. We investigated the effects of different pH values on the growth of the ZnO membrane by CBD. The experimental results show that at a pH of 10.7, we can obtain a transparent and electrically conductive ZnO thin film with a thickness of 240 nm, which has very good optical transmission and high electrical mobility at an annealing temperature of 200°C. Keywords: Chemical bath deposition, ZnO membrane, pH value
US Pacific Command: PACOM Demining (1998)

The responsibility for humanitarian demining operations and training in the US Pacific Command falls on the Special Operations Command, Pacific (SOCPAC), which is located at Camp H.M. Smith in Hawaii. SOCPAC is the U.S. Commander-in-Chief, Pacific (USCINCPAC) executive agent for all demining operations and related activities such as mine awareness.
Molecular Basis of Gating Charge Immobilization in Shaker Potassium Channels (1991)

Voltage-dependent ion channels respond to changes in the membrane potential by means of charged voltage sensors intrinsic to the channel protein. Changes in transmembrane potential cause movement of these charged residues, which results in conformational changes in the channel. Movements of the charged sensors can be detected as currents known as gating currents. Measurement of the gating currents of the Drosophila Shaker potassium channel indicates that the charge on the voltage sensor of the channels is progressively immobilized by prolonged depolarizations. The charge is not immobilized in a mutant of the channel that lacks inactivation. These results show that the region of the molecule responsible for inactivation interacts, directly or indirectly, with the voltage sensor to prevent the return of the charge to its original position. The gating transitions between closed states of the channel appear not to be independent, suggesting that the channel subunits interact during activation.
DSP in control: the Total Development Environment (2002)

Developing a closed-loop control system for a fast mechatronic system involves plant modeling by physical principles or system identification, analysis of dynamics, control design, verification and optimization by off-line simulation, and, if possible, a prototype real-time implementation to verify the controller's function in reality. This paper shows how a suitable tool set integrates all these steps so that the control engineer can do whatever is required under one roof. For maximum speed in the real-time components, single-processor and multiprocessor floating-point DSP systems are employed. These are tightly integrated into the MATLAB(R)/SIMULINK(R) environment. Automatic code generation and direct DSP access with MATLAB are key features. Application examples from industry illustrate the benefit of this Total Development Environment.
An IoT-based cargo monitoring system for enhancing operational effectiveness under a cold chain environment (2017)

Differing from managing a general supply chain, handling environmentally sensitive products (ESPs) requires the use of specific refrigeration systems to control the designated range of storage conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and lighting level in a cold chain environment. In general, third-party logistics (3PL) companies are authorized to handle ESPs, who therefore need to have a good cargo monitoring system in the cold chain environment, without which the functional quality is difficult to control and manage. This may result in product deterioration and even inventory obsolescence of the ESPs due to the lack of such systems, so there is a need to develop an effective cargo monitoring system to prevent such situations. This article proposes an Internet of Things-based cargo monitoring system (IoT-CMS) to monitor any environmental changes of ESPs in order to ensure their functional quality throughout the entire cold chain operational environment. Operational efficiency, maintenance strategy, environmental change, and electricity consumption are considered in real-life cold chain operations. Through applying (i) a wireless sensor network to collect real-time product information, together with (ii) fuzzy logic and case-based reasoning techniques to suggest appropriate storage conditions for various ESPs, effective storage guidance can be established. Through conducting the case study in a 3PL company in Hong Kong, the performance in customer satisfaction, obsolescence rate, and inventory visibility after adoption of IoT-CMS is evaluated. It is found that the functional quality of ESPs can be effectively assured, and the overall customer satisfaction is increased.
Comparison of Flowering Time Genes in <i>Brassica rapa, B. napus</i> and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1997)

The major difference between annual and biennial cultivars of oilseed Brassica napus and B. rapa is conferred by genes controlling vernalization-responsive flowering time. These genes were compared between the species by aligning the map positions of flowering time quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected in a segregating population of each species. The results suggest that two major QTLs identified in B. rapa correspond to two major QTLs identified in B. napus. Since B. rapa is one of the hypothesized diploid parents of the amphidiploid B. napus, the vernalization requirement of B. napus probably originated from B. rapa. Brassica genes also were compared to flowering time genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by mapping RFLP loci with the same probes in both B. napus and Arabidopsis. The region containing one pair of Brassica QTLs was collinear with the top of chromosome 5 in A. thaliana where flowering time genes FLC, FY and CO are located. The region containing the second pair of QTLs showed fractured collinearity with several regions of the Arabidopsis genome, including the top of chromosome 4 where FRI is located. Thus, these Brassica genes may correspond to two genes (FLC and FRI) that regulate flowering time in the latest flowering ecotypes of Arabidopsis.
Cutting Edge: The Th1 Response Inhibits the Generation of Peripheral Regulatory T Cells (2009)

The possibility that effector T cells can be converted into forkhead box P3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) has potential therapeutic implications. To analyze the relationship between Th1 effectors and Tregs, we have used a model of systemic autoimmunity in which both effector and Tregs arise from a single population specific for a transgene-encoded systemic protein. In vitro, the presence of IFN-gamma inhibits Treg generation during activation. Using IFN-gamma reporter mice, we demonstrate that IFN-gamma-producing cells tend not to develop into Tregs, and Th1 priming of T cells prior to cell transfer limits the number of forkhead box P3(+) T cells generated in vivo. Moreover, transfer of IFN-gamma(-/-) or STAT1(-/-) T cells resulted in an increase in the number of Tregs. These data support a role for Th1 effector molecules and transcription factors in the control of peripheral Treg generation and demonstrates the limited plasticity of Th1 populations.
Slickwater Fracturing - Food for Thought (2008)

Abstract The evolution of fracturing technology has provided the industry with numerous advances, ranging from sophisticated fluid systems, to tip screen out designs, to propagation modeling. Interestingly, these advances have typically been focused on ‘conventional’ designs which utilize a cross-linked fluid system. However, as the development of unconventional (tight gas, shales, coal-bed methane etc) or underpressured reservoirs has increased, so has the demand for innovative hydraulic fracture designs. The most recent of these design changes has been the popular method of placing proppant with slickwater, linear gel or hybrid treatments. Although our industry has significant expertise in fracture design, most of our experience has been in conventional cross-linked fluid systems. However, there are many aspects of cross-linked fluid design that either do not apply to slickwater treatments, or in some cases are exactly opposite. This paper will begin by reviewing the motivation, benefits and concerns with slickwater fracturing, and discuss why this seemingly ‘old’ method has regained popularity over conventional cross-linked designs in many reservoirs. In addition, the authors will detail some of the important theories related to slickwater fracturing, including fracture width and complexity, proppant transport and settling, and conductivity requirements. In each case, emphasis will be placed on the different strategy that must be employed compared to cross-linked fluid designs, and highlight the mistakes or misunderstandings that are frequently made. Where appropriate, lab testing, field measurements, reference material and other resources are presented to support the observations made by the authors. This paper will serve as a resource to any engineer or technician who is designing/pumping slickwater fracs, or who is considering this technology for potential application. By applying the concepts presented in this paper, engineers will be able to appropriately evaluate the potential benefits of using this technique in their completions, as well as draw on the experiences of others to take full advantage of this technology.
Low viscosity contrast fingering in a rotating Hele-Shaw cell (2004)

We study the fingering instability of a circular interface between two immiscible liquids in a radial Hele-Shaw cell. The cell rotates around its vertical symmetry axis, and the instability is driven by the density difference between the two fluids. This kind of driving allows studying the interfacial dynamics in the particularly interesting case of an interface separating two liquids of comparable viscosity. An accurate experimental study of the number of fingers emerging from the instability reveals a slight but systematic dependence of the linear dispersion relation on the gap spacing. We show that this result is related to a modification of the interface boundary condition which incorporates stresses originated from normal velocity gradients. The early nonlinear regime shows nearly no competition between the outgrowing fingers, characteristic of low viscosity contrast flows. We perform experiments in a wide range of experimental parameters, under conditions of mass conservation (no injection), and characterize the resulting patterns by data collapses of two characteristic lengths: the radius of gyration of the pattern and the interface stretching. Deep in the nonlinear regime, the fingers which grow radially outwards stretch and become gradually thinner, to a point that the fingers pinch and emit drops. We show that the amount of liquid emitted in the first generation of drops is a constant independent of the experimental parameters. Further on there is a sharp reduction of the amount of liquid centrifugated, punctuated by periods of no observable centrifugation.
Washington State University (2002)

Washington State University is in Pullman, on the state's eastern border. It is Washington's land grant (state-operated) university, conducting basic and applied research and providing public service statewide. The university consists of 10 colleges and a graduate school. The Department of Teaching and Learning works primarily with preservice and in-service educators and emergent instructional designers. The program emphasizes the development of instructional media that often includes the design and production of digital instructional media. The Wazzu Widgets project is a project designed for students of instructional media production who have advanced digital production capabilities.
An industrial case study of implementing and validating defect classification for process improvement and quality management (2005)

Defect measurement plays a crucial role when assessing quality assurance processes such as inspections and testing. To systematically combine these processes in the context of an integrated quality assurance strategy, measurement must provide empirical evidence on how effective these processes are and which types of defects are detected by which quality assurance process. Typically, defect classification schemes, such as ODC or the Hewlett-Packard scheme, are used to measure defects for this purpose. However, we found it difficult to transfer existing schemes to an embedded software context, where specific document- and defect types have to be considered. This paper presents an approach to define, introduce, and validate a customized defect classification scheme that considers the specifics of an industrial environment. The core of the approach is to combine the software engineering know-how of measurement experts and the domain know-how of developers. In addition to the approach, we present the results and experiences of using the approach in an industrial setting. The results indicate that our approach results in a defect classification scheme that allows classifying defects with good reliability, that allows identifying process improvement actions, and that can serve as a baseline for evaluating the impact of process improvements
Inhibition of Human Neutrophil Elastase. 4. Design, Synthesis, X-ray Crystallographic Analysis, and Structure−Activity Relationships for a Series of P<sub>2</sub>-Modified, Orally Active Peptidyl Pentafluoroethyl Ketones (1998)

A series of P2-modified, orally active peptidic inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) are reported. These pentafluoroethyl ketone-based inhibitors were designed using pentafluoroethyl ketone 1 as a model. Rational structural modifications were made at the P3, P2, and activating group (AG) portions of 1 based on structure-activity relationships (SAR) developed from in vitro (measured Ki) data and information provided by modeling studies that docked inhibitor 1 into the active site of HNE. The modeling-based design was corroborated with X-ray crystallographic analysis of the complex between 1 and porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and subsequently the complex between 1 and HNE.
xP1 and xP4. P-domain peptides expressed in Xenopus laevis stomach mucosa. (1991)

Two different precursors for secretory polypeptides from the stomach of Xenopus laevis have been characterized by cDNA cloning. Both mature polypeptides are potential candidates for gastrointestinal growth factors. One, xP1, is the X. laevis homologue of the pS2 gene product consisting only of a single P-domain, whereas the second, xP4, is a novel polypeptide formed by four P-domains arranged in tandem. Northern analysis detected both transcripts in the stomach but not in the skin or the brain. In situ hybridizations localized the expression of both precursors in surface mucous cells of the gastric mucosa. With an antibody generated against the deduced C-terminal end of xP4, the mature polypeptide was investigated by Western analysis revealing N-glycosylation of xP4.
Comparison of Markov Chain Abstraction and Monte Carlo Simulation for the Safety Assessment of Autonomous Cars (2011)

The probabilistic prediction of road traffic scenarios is addressed. One result is a probabilistic occupancy of traffic participants, and the other result is the collision risk for autonomous vehicles when executing a planned maneuver. The probabilistic occupancy of surrounding traffic participants helps to plan the maneuver of an autonomous vehicle, whereas the computed collision risk helps to decide if a planned maneuver should be executed. Two methods for the probabilistic prediction are presented and compared: 1) Markov chain abstraction and 2) Monte Carlo simulation. The performance of both methods is evaluated with respect to the prediction of the probabilistic occupancy and the collision risk. For each comparison test, we use the same models that generate the probabilistic behavior of traffic participants, where the generation of these data is not compared with real-world data. However, the results independently show the behavior generation that Markov chains are preferred for the probabilistic occupancy, whereas Monte Carlo simulation is clearly preferred for determining the collision risk.
Polymerization of Olefins. V.<sup>1</sup> The Isomers in Triisobutylene (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of Olefins. V.1 The Isomers in TriisobutyleneFrank C. Whitmore, Cyril D. Wilson, John V. Capinjola, Carl O. Tongberg, George H. Fleming, R. V. McGrew, and John N. CosbyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 8, 2035–2041Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01853a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01853a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of vision 2015 on forensic medicine (2011)

Vision 2015 has been formulated by the committee formed by MCI for suggesting changes in the curriculum and structure of undergraduate study i.e. MBBS. There has been a hue and cry in the medical fraternity about the various changes suggested by the committee. A critical review of Vision 2015 is being offered to suggest how it is going to affect the specialty of forensic medicine and the faculty of forensic medicine. This paper also highlights the imbalances it will produce in the knowledge of a medical graduate produced under the new vision. This vision as visualized is also going to affect the society in a harmful way. Already there are poor medicolegal services in India and this new vision is further going to jeopardize the delivery of medicolegal services throughout the country. The whole change is not beneficial to any member of the society except possibly the defence pleaders as there will be one benefit that it will lead to more acquittal of the criminals!Some recommendations have been given for the revision of vision 2015.
Riboregulation of the bacterial actin-homolog MreB by DsrA small noncoding RNA (2014)

The bacterial actin-homolog MreB is a key player in bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis and is required for the maintenance of the rod-like morphology of Escherichia coli. However, how MreB cellular levels are adjusted to growth conditions is poorly understood. Here, we show that DsrA, an E. coli small noncoding RNA (sRNA), is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of mreB. DsrA is required for the downregulation of MreB cellular concentration during environmentally induced slow growth-rates, mainly growth at low temperature and during the stationary phase. DsrA interacts in an Hfq-dependent manner with the 5' region of mreB mRNA, which contains signals for translation initiation and thereby affects mreB translation and stability. Moreover, as DsrA is also involved in the regulation of two transcriptional regulators, σ(S) and the nucleoid associated protein H-NS, which negatively regulate mreB transcription, it also indirectly contributes to mreB transcriptional down-regulation. By using quantitative analyses, our results evidence the complexity of this regulation and the tangled interplay between transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. As transcription factors and sRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulators use different timescales, we propose that the sRNA pathway helps to adapt to changes in temperature, but also indirectly mediates long-term regulation of MreB concentration. The tight regulation and fine-tuning of mreB gene expression in response to cellular stresses is discussed in regard to the effect of the MreB protein on cell elongation.