gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment of human granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor producing transgenic SCID mice (1996)

Previous work has shown the usefulness of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice as in vivo models for the growth of normal human haemopoietic cells and leukaemic cells. Many approaches have been made to improve the engraftment of human haemopoietic cells in SCID mice. We established transgenic mice producing human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) with the homozygote of the scid gene. Endogenous serum hGM-CSF levels were detected by ELISA [mean 9585 pg/ml (line A, n = 4); mean 1610 pg/ml (line B, n = 4)]. Expression of hGM-CSF was observed in all organs tested including the heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, bone marrow and brain of hGM-CSF transgenic (hGMTg) mice. Morphological analysis of organs and peripheral blood cell counts showed no differences between hGMTg mice and their littermates. Murine Ba/F3 cells expressing functional hGM-CSF alpha beta receptor (BAF/alpha beta cells) could be successfully engrafted in hGMTg SCID mice. The cells invaded multiple organs and caused death within a few weeks of transplantation, although they infiltrated only the spleen of their littermates. These results showed that these hGM-CSF-producing SCID mice are useful as an in vivo assay system for investigating leukaemogenesis.
Evaluation of seven sediment toxicity tests and their relationships to stream parameters (1989)

Abstract A survey of sediment microbial activity and toxicity to Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia , and Selenastrum capricornutum was conducted on two streams receiving numerous effluents in Ohio—the Little Scioto River and Dick's Creek. Microbial activity assays included alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, β‐galactosidase, β‐glucosidase. Activity was compared to overlying water chemistry and revealed several statistically significant correlations. No macrofaunal assay toxicity was observed in Dick's Creek. Sediment toxicity was found at two stations in the Little Scioto River, and varied in degree and organism sensitivity with time of sampling. These results support earlier studies suggesting the need for multiple trophic‐level assays in aquatic ecosystem evaluations of toxicant impacts.
Designing a robot as communication media - the effect of head and body movement on co-present's impression (2004)

We have been developing robots as a communication media. This paper focuses on the latest development named GestureMan 2. We used ATLAS, which was developed at ATR to control the robot in proportion to a remote person's walking and head movement. Our experiment with the system showed that co-present persons got better impression on the robot when it was controlled with a conventional joystick. From this result, we noticed that for this kind of robot to have an affinity to people, not only its figure but also its motion should be properly designed.
Integration of Pore Pressure/Fracture Gradient Prediction Methods and Real-Time Annulus Pressure Measurements Optimizes Drilling in Deltaic Environments (2007)

Abstract Pore pressure and fracture pressure prediction represent one of the largest challenges in drilling in deltaic environments. They place constraints upon the design and ultimately on the cost of a well. They can also be a source of significant amounts of non-productive time in the drilling operation. Inaccurate estimates of formation pressure can significantly increase the costs of a well — from over-engineering the well design, taking kicks, differential sticking, and lost circulation, to losing hole sections. The pore pressure and fracture gradient prediction model described in this paper has been applied in numerous wells drilled in deltaic environments, both on and off shore and in ultra deep water, with outstanding success. Using a balanced stress strain algorithm not dependent on geologic age or burial environment, an accuracy that is better than ½ ppg can normally be achieved. Utilizing pressure while drilling (PWD) measurements alongside the pore pressure/fracture pressure prediction provides both a method of verifying the pore pressure and fracture pressure predictions and managing the drilling fluid static and dynamic pressures. Such information also provides an improved method of optimizing many aspects of the drilling process. This paper will compare the pore pressure/fracture gradient methodology utilised here to other commonly used pore pressure methodologies and will illustrate the development and calibration of the model within an actual deltaic environment. The benefits achieved through the integration of these models with real-time PWD measurements, in optimizing the drilling process, will also be described. Finally, the latest developments in downhole sensor technology which may further improve this process will be discussed.
Design a Low-Power Scheduling Mechanism for a Multicore Android System (2012)

Nowadays, multicore processors are widely adopted in the hand-held systems. Since the hand-held systems are powered by battery, the battery life will become the dominated limitation. An efficient low power scheduling mechanism for hand-held multicore system is become important today. This paper propose a novel low power scheduling mechanism, called Bounded-Power Multicore Dynamic Frequency Scaling (BPM-DFS), which integrates a system configuration selection algorithm and a task re-scheduling mechanism. According to the assigned power budget by the user, BPM-DFS can dynamically adjust the configuration of the multicore system to control the suitable alive core number, working frequency, and task reassignment, to achieve good performance and under the limitation of power consumption. The proposed BPM-DFS has been implemented on quad-core x86 Android system to compare the actual capabilities of Linux/Android build-in power managers. The experimental results reveal that BPM-DFS can save 25 % power consumption than Linux Performance mode.
Learning Sparse Topographic Representations with Products of Student-t Distributions (2002)

We propose a model for natural images in which the probability of an image is proportional to the product of the probabilities of some outputs. We encourage the system to find sparse features by using a Student-t distribution to model each output. If the t-distribution is used to model the combined outputs of sets of neurally adjacent filters, the system learns a topographic map in which the orientation, spatial frequency and location of the filters change smoothly across the map. Even though maximum likelihood learning is intractable in our model, the product form allows a relatively efficient learning procedure that works well even for highly overcomplete sets of filters. Once the model has been learned it can be used as a prior to derive the iterated Wiener filter for the purpose of denoising images.
Separation and Quantification of Tiliroside from Plant Extracts by SPE/RP-HPLC (2003)

AbstractKaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6″-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (tiliroside) has been isolated from many natural plants sources. This compound showed very interesting pharmacological activities, e.g., cytotoxic for human leukaemic cell lines and anti-complement activity. However, there is a lack of data concerning the presence of this compound in medical plants. In this work, a reproducible and quick method was elaborated for the separation and determination of tiliroside in methanolic extracts of the plants. Solid-phase extraction was applied as sample preparation technique for the purification of crude extracts from various species as well as for the isolation of tiliroside for further reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography analysis. The content of tiliroside for various plant materials was compared.Keywords:: Tilirosidequantitative analysissolid-phase extractionRP-HPLC analysis
Compensation for pixel misregistration in volume holographic data storage (2001)

We describe what we believe to be a novel postprocessing algorithm for compensating for misregistrations between a detector array and the coherent image of a pixelated two-dimensional data page. A lookup table of baseline local offsets is combined with the dynamically measured global offset of the received data page, producing an estimate of the total lateral shift of each small block of pixels. A serial algorithm then reallocates the appropriate portion of the signal detected by each pixel to its neighbors, accounting for both the linear and the quadratic contributions introduced by coherent illumination of square-law detectors. This procedure can relax the tight constraints on page registration, optical distortion, and material shrinkage that currently hamper page-oriented holographic storage systems. Experimental results from a pixel-matched 1-Mpixel volume holographic system are presented, showing an increase in position tolerance (for a raw bit-error rate <10(-3)) from +/-16% to +/-40% of the pixel pitch.
Comparison of topologies for linear drives in industrial material handling and processing applications (2007)

For integrated material handling and processing in industrial applications, permanent magnet (PM) linear drive systems are proposed. Solutions with Short Primary and Long Primary are compared. The short primary type uses a passive track and an active vehicle that is supplied by a contact less energy transmission and is operated by an on- board controller and inverter. The long primary type uses an active track and passive, lightweight vehicles. The active track consists of a large number of segments, each operated by an individual controller and inverter. Experimental results of the Long Primary type are presented.
Archaeal DNA Replication: Identifying the Pieces to Solve a Puzzle (1999)

Archaeal organisms are currently recognized as very exciting and useful experimental materials. A major challenge to molecular biologists studying the biology of Archaea is their DNA replication mechanism. Undoubtedly, a full understanding of DNA replication in Archaea requires the identification of all the proteins involved. In each of four completely sequenced genomes, only one DNA polymerase (Pol BI proposed in this review from family B enzyme) was reported. This observation suggested that either a single DNA polymerase performs the task of replicating the genome and repairing the mutations or these genomes contain other DNA polymerases that cannot be identified by amino acid sequence. Recently, a heterodimeric DNA polymerase (Pol II, or Pol D as proposed in this review) was discovered in the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus. The genes coding for DP1 and DP2, the subunits of this DNA polymerase, are highly conserved in the Euryarchaeota. Euryarchaeotic DP1, the small subunit of Pol II (Pol D), has sequence similarity with the small subunit of eukaryotic DNA polymerase delta. DP2 protein, the large subunit of Pol II (Pol D), seems to be a catalytic subunit. Despite possessing an excellent primer extension ability in vitro, Pol II (Pol D) may yet require accessory proteins to perform all of its functions in euryarchaeotic cells. This review summarizes our present knowledge about archaeal DNA polymerases and their relationship with those accessory proteins, which were predicted from the genome sequences.
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Diagnosis of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis (1997)

The objective of this study was to describe CT and MR findings in patients with allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). CT and MR images were examined from 10 patients with histologically proven AFS. All patients demonstrated CT evidence of central sinus high attenuation and T2-weighted MR signal void corresponding to surgically proven areas of thick inspissated allergic mucin. AFS is a distinct clinical entity with a highly specific radiographic appearance based on CT and MRI.
Existence and removal of Cu2Se second phase in coevaporated Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films (2012)

The composition dependence of the electrical properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films synthesized by coevaporation and the results of phase analyses are reported. We found that the hole concentration depends on the Cu/(Zn + Sn) ratio and is on the order of 1017 cm−3 for the ratio of 0.7 and increases to over 1020 cm−3 when the ratio exceeds 0.9. Raman spectra indicate the coexistence of semimetallic Cu2Se second phase in the thin films with Cu/(Zn + Sn) ratio above 0.9. In order to remove the Cu2Se phase selectively, we attempted a KCN etching. After the KCN etching for 30 min, the Raman peak attributed to the Cu2Se phase disappeared, and the hole concentration decreased to about 1018 cm−3.
Terrace grading of SiGe for high-quality virtual substrates (2002)

Silicon germanium (SiGe) virtual substrates of final germanium composition x=0.50 have been fabricated using solid-source molecular beam epitaxy with a thickness of 2 μm. A layer structure that helps limit the size of dislocation pileups associated with the modified Frank–Read dislocation multiplication mechanism has been studied. It is shown that this structure can produce lower threading dislocation densities than conventional linearly graded virtual substrates. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy shows the superior quality of the dislocation network in the graded regions with a lower rms roughness shown by atomic force microscopy. X-ray diffractometry shows these layers to be highly relaxed. This method of Ge grading suggests that high-quality virtual substrates can be grown considerably thinner than with conventional grading methods.
School Refusal: An Overview (1998)

Traditionally, mental health professionals and school authorities have found school refusal to be a perplexing and challenging problem. Relevant to an understanding of school refusal, we initially review some important developmental-normative considerations. The clinical features, epidemiology, and etiology of school refusal are also briefly discussed. We then describe a number of behavioural strategies that have been used in the management of school refusal. Finally, we review the research support for the efficacy and acceptability of behavioural strategies in the treatment of school refusal.
H.W. Van der Marel and H. Beutelspacher Atlas of Infrared Spectroscopy of Clay Minerals and their Admixtures. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1976. viii + 396 pp. £34.35 (1977)

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Absence of the Mid-sized Neurofilament Subunit Decreases Axonal Calibers, Levels of Light Neurofilament (NF-L), and Neurofilament Content (1998)

Neurofilaments (NFs) are prominent components of large myelinated axons and probably the most abundant of neuronal intermediate filament proteins. Here we show that mice with a null mutation in the mid-sized NF (NF-M) subunit have dramatically decreased levels of light NF (NF-L) and increased levels of heavy NF (NF-H). The calibers of both large and small diameter axons in the central and peripheral nervous systems are diminished. Axons of mutant animals contain fewer neurofilaments and increased numbers of microtubules. Yet the mice lack any overt behavioral phenotype or gross structural defects in the nervous system. These studies suggest that the NF-M subunit is a major regulator of the level of NF-L and that its presence is required to achieve maximal axonal diameter in all size classes of myelinated axons.
Colorimetric calibration of a video digitizing system: Algorithm and applications (1988)

Abstract In principle, digitized color video images should be rich and convenient sources of colorimetric information. In practice, these advantages are offset by the difficulty of reliably translating the video camera's output into colorimetric variables. A solution to this problem is outlined here, one which exploits the fact that spectral reflectances of many natural materials vary slowly in the visible. A characteristic vector analysis of reflectances for a set of such materials leads to an algorithm that gives colorimetrically accurate spectral reflectances from the red‐green‐blue output of a video digitizing system. Prior knowledge about the illumination leads to chromaticity and luminance information, which can be comparable in quality to that obtained from a spectrora‐diometer. Some sample retrievals are shown for the algorithm. Since it is designed to correct color biases that are unknown initially, the algorithm has the advantage that images from many sources can be analyzed.
Glutaminase Isoenzymes as Key Regulators in Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Against Cancer (2013)

Cancer cells require a robust supply of reduced nitrogen to produce nucleotides, non-essential amino acids and a high cellular redox activity. Glutamine provides a major substrate for respiration as well as nitrogen for the production of proteins, hexosamines, and macromolecules. Therefore, glutamine is one of key molecules in cancer metabolism during cell proliferation. The notion of targeting glutamine metabolism in cancer, originally rationalized by the number of pathways fed by this nutrient, has been reinforced by more recent studies demonstrating that its metabolism is regulated by oncogenes. Glutamine can exert its effects by modulating redox homeostasis, bioenergetics, nitrogen balance or other functions, including by being a precursor of glutathione, the major nonenzymatic cellular antioxidant. Glutaminase (GA) is the first enzyme that converts glutamine to glutamate, which is in turn converted to alpha-ketoglutarate for further metabolism in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Different GA isoforms in mammals are encoded by two genes, Gls and Gls2. As each enzymatic form of GA has distinct kinetic and molecular characteristics, it has been speculated that the differential regulation of GA isoforms may reflect distinct functions or requirements in different tissues or cell states. GA encoded by Gls gene (GLS) has been demonstrated to be regulated by oncogenes and to support tumor cell growth. GA encoded by Gls2 gene (GLS2) reduces cellular sensitivity to reactive oxygen species associated apoptosis possibly through glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense, and therefore to behave more like a tumor suppressor. Thus, modulation of GA function may be a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Mammary adenocarcinomas induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate: Hormone dependence and egf receptors of BALB/c <i>In vivo</i> sublines (1989)

Mammary adenocarcinomas were induced by medroxy-progesterone acetate (MPA) in female BALB/c mice. From 5 primary tumors, 9 different sublines were established by s.c. transplantation into syngeneic female mice; these developed after a long latent period (4-12 months). Each subline was transplanted both into 4 mice treated with 40mg of MPA depot (s.c. contralaterally to the tumor inoculum) and into 4 non-treated mice. Of the 9 sublines, 6 proved to be hormone-dependent (MPA-D) and 3 hormone-independent or autonomous (MPA-I). However, even the autonomous lines, when treated with MPA, showed a slight increase in growth. All MPA-D lines had a high content of ER (20-254 fmoles/mg of protein), PR (63-710), PRL-R (44-74) and low or non-detectable EGF-R. Of the 3 MPA-I sublines that were studied, 2 showed a high content of ER (16-125), PR (27-708), PRL-R (19-70) and EGF-R (29-65) while the other one had a low content of ER (0-36), PR (0-13), no EGF-R and moderate PRL-R (15-52). Spontaneous mammary tumors of BALB/c and C3H origin, which also showed an MPA-I pattern of tumor growth, had high levels of EGF-R. We postulate that MPA has a direct effect on mammary tumor cells in MPA-D lines and that the expression of EGF-R is correlated with an autonomous pattern of growth.
Forces and torques acting on plane and cylindrical electrets in slot-effect transducers (1983)

A theoretical discussion of forces and torques acting on electrets in slot-effect transducers of plane and cylindrical geometry is presented. Both bipolar and monopolar electrets are considered. The electrets are assumed to carry arbitrary internal and surface charges. The dependence of forces and torques on the magnitude and location of the charges and on other electret parameters is analyzed.
Psychomotor Vigilance Performance: Neurocognitive Assay Sensitive to Sleep Loss (2004)

This chapter reviews one neu-robehavioral assay that has met these criteria—the psychomotor vigilance task. To quantify the magnitude of such changes, as well as to track the temporal profile in neurobehavioral degradation as sleep loss accumulates, a wide array of neurocognitive assays have been used. The resulting neurocognitive performance measures provide an index of the degree of functional impairment present in an individual, and they have been used to answer both applied and theoretical questions about the nature of neurobehavioral capability in healthy people deprived of sleep. A prefrontal cortex-related function that has received particular study in the scientific literature is working memory. The lapse hypothesis marked a significant, conceptually consolidating advance in theoretical approaches to the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance. The lapse hypothesis explicitly predicted that responses between lapses would be normal, which has not proven to be the case.
Octree-based progressive geometry coding of point clouds (2006)

We propose a generic point cloud encoder that compresses geometry data including positions and normals of point samples corresponding to 3D objects with arbitrary topology. In this work, the coding process is led by an iterative octree cell subdivision of the object space. At each level of subdivision, positions of point samples are approximated by the geometry centers of all tree-front cells while normals are approximated by their statistical average within each of the tree-front cells. With this framework, we employ attribute-dependent encoding techniques to exploit different characteristics of various attributes. As a result, significant improvement in the rate-distortion (R-D) performance has been obtained with respect to the prior art. Furthermore, the proposed point cloud encoder can be potentially used for lossless geometry coding of 3D point clouds, given sufficient levels of octree expansion and normal space partitioning.
Quality of experience-driven adaptation scheme for video applications over wireless networks (2010)

User's perceived quality of service (QoS) or quality of experience (QoE) is likely to be the major determining factor in the success of new multimedia applications over wireless/mobile networks. The primary aim of this study is to present an adaptation scheme that is QoE-driven for optimising content provisioning and network resource utilisation for video applications over wireless networks. The proposed scheme encompasses the application of a QoE-driven model for optimising content provisioning and network resource utilisation. The content provisioning is optimised by the determination of initial content quality by adapting the video sender bitrate (SBR) according to users' QoE requirement. By finding the impact of the QoS parameters on end-to-end perceptual video quality, the optimum trade-off between SBR and frame rate is found and the benefits to network providers in maximising existing network resources are demonstrated. The QoE is measured in terms of the mean opinion score. The proposed scheme makes it possible for content providers to achieve optimum streaming (with an appropriate SBR) suitable for the network and content type for a requested QoE. The scheme is also beneficial for network providers for network resource provision and planning, and therefore maximising existing network infrastructure by providing service differentiation.