gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations in S-cone pigment genes and the absence of colour vision in two species of nocturnal primate (1996)

Most primates have short-wavelength sensitive (S) cones and one or more types of cone maximally sensitive in the middle to long wavelengths (M/L cones). These multiple cone types provide the basis for colour vision. Earlier experiments established that two species of noctural primate, the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) and the bushbaby (Otolemur crassicaudatus), lack a viable population of S cones. Because the retinas of these species have only a single type of M/L cone, they lack colour vision. Both of these species have an S-cone pigment gene that is highly homologous to the human S-cone pigment gene. Examination of the nucleotide sequences of the S-cone pigment genes reveals that each species has deleterious mutational changes: in comparison to the sequence for the corresponding region of the human gene, exon 4 of the bushbaby S-cone pigment gene has a two nucleotide deletion and a single nucleotide insertion that produces a frame shift and results in the introduction of a stop codon. Exon 1 of the owl monkey S-cone pigment gene likewise contains deletions and insertions that produce a stop codon. The absence of colour vision in both of these nocturnal primates can thus be traced to defects in their S-cone pigment genes.
A novel expression system for Gs-coupled receptors. (1993)

Renal epithelial cells LLC-PK1 secrete high amounts of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) when stimulated through the cAMP-signaling pathway. Here we show that this characteristic can be used to identify rapidly LLC-PK1-derived cell lines expressing heterologous receptors that couple to Gs-proteins. A genomic clone encoding the mouse beta 2 adrenergic receptor (beta 2AR) was transfected stably into LLC-PK1 cells. Drug-resistant colonies were subsequently stimulated with isoproterenol and screened for the secretion uPA activity. Positive clones displayed dose-dependent uPA activity in response to isoproterenol, specifically bound the beta 2AR-agonist iodocyanopindolol and expressed beta 2AR-mRNA. The functional coupling of beta 2AR expression to the inducible uPA gene establishes that LLC-PK1 cells can be used to assay for beta 2AR (and beta 2AR-agonist) function. Our data suggest that this system can be used for functional expression of other heterologous receptors that couple to Gs-proteins.
High altitude UAV navigation using IMU, GPS and camera (2013)

This paper deals with the integration of measurements provided by inertial sensors (gyroscopes and accelerometers), GPS (Global Positioning System) and a video system in order to estimate position and attitude of an high altitude UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). In such a case, the vision algorithms present ambiguities due to the plane degeneracy. This ambiguity can be avoided fusing the video information with inertial sensors measurements. On the other hand, inertial sensors are widely used for aircraft navigation because they represent a low cost and compact solution, but their measurements suffer of several errors which cause a rapid divergence of position and attitude estimates. To avoid divergence, inertial sensors are usually coupled with other systems as for example GPS. A camera presents several advantages with respect to GPS as for example great accuracy and higher data rate. Moreover, it can be used in urban area or, more in general, where no useful GPS signal is present. On the contrary, it has lower data rate than inertial sensors and its measurements have latencies which can prejudice the performances and the effectiveness of the flight control system. The integration of inertial sensors with a camera allows exploiting the better features of both the systems, providing better performances in position and attitude estimation. The data fusion is performed via a multirate Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) because of the nonlinear dynamic system equation. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Strongly consistent code-based identification and order estimation for constrained finite-state model classes (1993)

Observations are made of data generated by a stationary ergodic finite-alphabet information source according to an unknown statistical model. Two modeling problems, the identification problem and the order estimation problem, are considered. It is required that the given model class in the identification problem and each given model class in the order estimation problem be a constrained finite-state model class, which is a type that includes many model classes of information-theoretic interest. Strongly consistent decision rules are exhibited in both the identification problem and the order estimation problem. The decision rules are code-based in that a model class is chosen based on how well a certain code for that class encodes the observed data. The code used for a model class is based on the maximum likelihood code for that class, and asymptotic code performance is gauged by means of a key property of divergence-rate distance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interstellar H2 - The population of excited rotational states and the infrared response to ultraviolet radiation (1976)

view Abstract Citations (339) References (33) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Interstellar H2: the population of excited rotational states and the infrared response to ultraviolet radiation. Black, J. H. ; Dalgarno, A. Abstract Molecular hydrogen in interstellar clouds absorbs ultraviolet radiation in lines of the Lyman and Werner systems. The subsequent fluorescence leads to dissociation or to the population of excited rotational-vibrational levels of the ground electronic state. The rotational-vibrational levels decay by means of quadrupole transitions which result in the emission of infrared photons and the population of excited rotational levels of the lowest vibrational state. An additional input into the cascade is provided by the formation of molecules on grain surfaces. A concise tabular description of the rotation-vibration cascade is presented. Calculations of the infrared emission spectrum of H2 are given for an illustrative cloud model which includes the processes of fluorescence and hot molecule formation. In favorable circumstances, some of the infrared lines may have detectable intensities. Due to the distribution of lines, it may prove possible to detect interstellar H2 using narrow-band filter photometry at a wavelength of 2.4 microns. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: January 1976 DOI: 10.1086/154055 Bibcode: 1976ApJ...203..132B Keywords: Fluorescence; Hydrogen Clouds; Infrared Radiation; Interstellar Gas; Molecular Excitation; Ultraviolet Absorption; Diatomic Gases; Emission Spectra; Molecular Energy Levels; Molecular Relaxation; Molecular Rotation; Photons; Quadrupoles; Tables (Data); Transition Probabilities; Astrophysics full text sources ADS |
Solubility of Carbon in Silicon and Germanium (1959)

The solubility of carbon in silicon has been measured over the temperature range 1560 to 2900°C. The enthalpy of solution is 59±3 kcal/mole. A phase diagram for the system Si–C is presented, embodying these solubility data as well as the results of other high-temperature experiments with silicon carbide. It is found that SiC possesses a peritectic point at 2830±40°C. These studies were carried out in argon at pressures as high as 35 atmos. Solubilities of carbon in germanium were measured in the temperature range 2780 to 3170°C, at argon pressures up to 55 atmos, and a tentative phase diagram is given.
Photoelectric Tristimulus Colorimetry (1941)

The possibility of using photocells to measure color has attracted widespread attention ever since the photoelectric cell became available in practical form. Photoelectric cells have now been used for a number of years in spectrophotometry to measure the spectral reflective and transmissive properties of materials. From the spectrophotometric curves of samples, one may obtain the tristimulus values of color by multiplying the separate spectral values of any sample by the three distribution functions of the standard observer and totaling the three sets of products throughout the visible spectrum (see Eq. 2, below, and (11, p. 365). Although the use of photocells has considerably diminished the time needed to obtain spectrophotometric curves, and although devices such as the one developed by Sears (19) are available to accelerate the integration, a considerable expenditure of time and effort is still required (13, p. 259) to obtain the accurate colorimetric specification of a sample by the method of spectrophotometry and integration.
Pyrazolato-Bridged Polynuclear Palladium and Platinum Complexes. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity (2003)

Cyclic trinuclear complexes [Pd(3)(mu-pz)(6)] (1) and [Pd(3)(mu-4-Mepz)(6)] (2) and dinuclear complex [Pd(2)(mu-3-t-Bupz)(2)(3-t-Bupz)(2)(3-t-BupzH)(2)] (3) have been prepared by the reactions of [PdCl(2)(CH(3)CN)(2)] with pyrazole (pzH), 4-methylpyrazole (4-MepzH), and 3-tert-butylpyrazole (3-t-BupzH), respectively, in CH(3)CN in the presence of Et(3)N. In the absence of the base, treatment of [PdCl(2)(CH(3)CN)(2)] with pzH gave the mononuclear complex, [Pd(pzH)(4)]Cl(2) (6). The reaction of [PtCl(2)(C(2)H(5)CN)(2)] with pzH in the presence of Et(3)N under refluxing in C(2)H(5)CN afforded the known dimeric Pt(II) complex, [Pt(pz)(2)(pzH)(2)](2) (7). The protons participating in the hydrogen bonding in 3 and 7 are easily replaced by silver ions to give the heterotetranuclear complex [Pd(2)Ag(2)(mu-3-t-Bupz)(6)] (4) and the heterohexanuclear complex [Pt(2)Ag(4)(mu-pz)(8)] (5). The complexes 1-6 are structurally characterized.
abrication of Bi-Te Thermoelectric Device by Radio Frequency Sputtering Target Prepared by MA-PCS Process. (2002)

An n-type thermoelectric film of Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 was fabricated by radio frequency sputtering. The target for the sputtering was prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and pulsed current sintering (PCS) process. The single phase of Bi2Te3 including Se was obtained by a planetary ball milling of elementary Bi powder, Te powder and Se powder for 18 ks. The obtained MA powder was consolidated by PCS into cylindrical target of 50 mm in diameter and 4 mm thickness at 643 K under a pressure of 13 MPa. The sintered Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 was joined to Cu backing plate with In for an insertion by PCS process.The thin film of Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 was fabricated on a polyimide substrate by RF sputtering. This film was amorphous state and crystallized at about 623 K. The performance of the thermoelectric module with 5 thermoelectric film devices was 56 mV in voltage and 0.07 mA in current at 20 K of the difference between heating side temperature and cooling side temperature.
Efficient color histogram indexing for quadratic form distance functions (1995)

In image retrieval based on color, the weighted distance between color histograms of two images, represented as a quadratic form, may be defined as a match measure. However, this distance measure is computationally expensive and it operates on high dimensional features (O(N)). We propose the use of low-dimensional, simple to compute distance measures between the color distributions, and show that these are lower bounds on the histogram distance measure. Results on color histogram matching in large image databases show that prefiltering with the simpler distance measures leads to significantly less time complexity because the quadratic histogram distance is now computed on a smaller set of images. The low-dimensional distance measure can also be used for indexing into the database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acquiring Strongly-related Events using Predicate-argument Co-occurring Statistics and Case Frames (2011)

This paper proposes a method for automatically acquiring strongly-related events from a large corpus using predicateargument co-occurring statistics and case frames. The strongly-related events are acquired in the form of strongly-related two predicates with their relevant arguments. First, strongly-related events are acquired from predicate-argument cooccurring statistics. Then, the remaining argument alignment is performed by using case frames. We conducted experiments using a Web corpus consisting of 1.6G sentences. The accuracy for the extracted event pairs was 96%, and the accuracy of the argument alignment was 79%. The number of acquired event pairs was about 20 thousands.
Regenerated Oxidized Cellulose Reinforcement of Low Rectal Anastomosis: Do We Still Need Diversion?: Retracted (2010)

Oxidized regenerated cellulose reinforcement of low rectal anastomosis significantly decreases the risk of postoperative leak in low rectal anastomosis and may reduce the requirement for proximal diversion. Potential benefits include avoidance of a stoma, lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and a lower cost of care.
CD18 integrin and CD54-dependent neutrophil adhesion to cytokine-stimulated human hepatocytes (1997)

We investigated the hypothesis that CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) expressed on hepatocytes will support beta2-integrin (CD18)-dependent adhesion of neutrophils. An in vitro model using C3A cells (a human hepatoblastoma cell line exhibiting many characteristics of normal hepatocytes) and human neutrophils was utilized. C3A cells were stimulated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) for 24 h to induce expression of CD54, and adhesion of neutrophils was found to be markedly increased. Detailed studies with IFN-gamma-stimulated (100 U/ml) C3A cells revealed that this adhesion involved CD11a/CD18 [lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)] and CD54 and was dependent on low levels of IL-8 produced by the stimulated hepatocytes. Addition of higher concentrations of chemotactic factor (e.g., IL-8) further augmented adhesion and recruited contributions of CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1). In contrast to LFA-1, Mac-1 appeared to recognize a CD54-independent ligand constitutively expressed on the hepatocytes. Such close apposition of neutrophils to hepatocytes may increase the potential for parenchymal cell injury by providing a short distance through which cytotoxic factors such as reactive oxygen or proteolytic enzymes could act.
Read Stability and Write-Ability Analysis of SRAM Cells for Nanometer Technologies (2006)

SRAM cell read stability and write-ability are major concerns in nanometer CMOS technologies, due to the progressive increase in intra-die variability and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> scaling. This paper analyzes the read stability N-curve metrics and compares them with the commonly used static noise margin (SNM) metric defined by Seevinck. Additionally, new write-ability metrics derived from the same N-curve are introduced and compared with the traditional write-trip point definition. Analytical models of all these metrics are developed. It is demonstrated that the new metrics provide additional information in terms of current, which allows designing a more robust and stable cell. By taking into account this current information, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> scaling is no longer a limiting factor for the read stability of the cell. Finally, these metrics are used to investigate the impact of the intra-die variability on the stability of the cell by using a statistically-aware circuit optimization approach and the results are compared with the worst-case or corner-based design
Hip Joint Communication with Pressure Sore (1993)

Fifteen patients who underwent Girdlestone arthroplasty (proximal femoral head resection) were reviewed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Ages ranged from 24 to 57 years (mean 36.7 years). All patients were paraplegics or quadriplegics (C7-L3). All patients presented with signs of sepsis and had evidence of osteomyelitis. Soft-tissue reconstruction was most commonly performed with the vastus lateralis, and no femoral stabilization was used. There were no deaths. Recurrent ulcers at the site of the Girdlestone arthoplasty were found in 23 percent of patients in whom follow-up was possible. No recurrence was noted at the original site in 77 percent with a mean follow-up of 20 months. Additional pressure sores occurred at other nonsurgical sites in six patients at a mean of 23.3 months. Girdlestone arthroplasty with soft-tissue coverage is mandatory for successful treatment of pressure sores with hip joint involvement.
Single-switch frequency-controlled electronic dimming ballast with unity power factor (2000)

This paper describes a single-switch electronic dimming ballast with unity input power factor. The proposed single-switch ballast is the combination of a boost converter and a modified series/parallel inverter. Dimming control is achieved by varying the switching frequency. Design considerations are listed and experimental results verify the analytical derivations.
Two algorithms for use with an orthogonal-view coded-aperture system. (1984)

ohe goal of single photon emission computerized tomography is to map out a three-dimensional distribution of a radionuclide that is concentrated in a structure of interest. There are a number of imaging modalities that achieve this goal with varying degrees of success. In this study, computer simulation is used to explore a novel imaging modality, orthogonal-view coded-aperture imaging. Furthermore, a comparison is made between two reconstruction algorithms, one being an iterative back-projection algorithm and the other a Monte Carlo algorithm. Finally, evidence is presented suggesting that a deficiency in the projection data due to multiplexing is less disturbing than that due to limited angular range.
A Miniaturized Liquid Core Waveguide-Capillary Electrophoresis System with Flow Injection Sample Introduction and Fluorometric Detection Using Light-Emitting Diodes (2001)

A novel miniaturized capillary electrophoresis (CE) system is described where a Teflon AF-coated silica capillary serves both as the separation channel and as a transversely illuminated liquid core waveguide. This device uniquely uses flow injection (FI)-based split-flow sample introduction through a falling-drop interface. An H-channel structure fixed on a microscope glass slide utilizes a horizontal separation capillary with tubular sidearms on each end that serve as inlet and outlet flow-through electrode reservoirs. The inlet reservoir also functions as a falling-drop interface for coupling to the FI system. A blue LED is used as excitation source. A large-core optical fiber takes the emitted fluorescence to an inexpensive PMT with two layers of green plastic used for optical filtering. No focusing arrangement is needed. Continuous FI introduction of a series of 30-microL samples containing a mixture of of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled amino acids allowed a throughput rate up to 144 samples/ h, with approximately 2% carryover and good precision (3.2% RSD). Baseline separation was achieved for FITC-labeled arginine, phenylalanine, glycine, and FITC in sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 9.5) with plate heights of 5.4-5.5 microm and plate numbers of 2.34 x 10(4)-2.37 x 10(4) under electrical field strengths of 214 V/cm for injection and 500 V/cm for separation (14-cm capillary, 48-microm i.d.). Detection limits (S/N = 3) were 1.3 microM for arginine and 1.9 microM for phenylalanine and glycine.
Perfect Crystal Growth of Silicon by Vapor Deposition (1975)

Investigations have been made of the compensation effect of lattice strain on silicon epitaxially grown by the simultaneous doping of tin and phosphorus. The stress induced by doping of phosphorus with a concentration of is compensated by the simultaneous doping of phosphorus and tin . The generation of misfit dislocations is also restrained by the simultaneous doping of phosphorus and tin. The difference in the effective lattice constants of epitaxial films and substrates is measured by an x‐ray double crystal spectrometer using the asymmetric Bragg reflection. The difference can be eliminated by proper doping of tin and nearly perfect, highly doped crystal films can be grown on high‐resistivity silicon.
New, selectively substituted cyclodextrins as stationary phases for the analysis of chiral constituents of essential oils (1992)

Abstract New β‐ and γ‐cyclodextrin derivatives, selectively substituted with n ‐pentyl and methyl groups, e.g. heptakis(2,6‐di‐ O ‐methyl‐3‐ O ‐pentyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin, octakis(2‐ O ‐methyl‐3,6‐di‐ O ‐pentyl)‐γ‐cyclodextrin, and octakis(2,6‐di‐ O ‐methyl‐3‐ O ‐pentyl)‐γ‐cyclodextrin, have been prepared from specifically protected intermediates. The new cyclodextrin derivatives exhibit unique enantioselectivity towards important chiral constituents of essential oils. The enantiomers of lavandulol, α‐bisabolol, nerolidol, and other terpenoid alcohols could be resolved and their presence in different essential oils could be proved. Methyl jasmonate and epi ‐methyl jasmonate could, in addition, be detected in jasmine concrete by two‐dimensional gas chromatography. The enantiomers of the macrocyclic ketone muscone have been separated for the first time.
Issues in Drug Delivery: Concepts and Practice (2005)

Understanding the transport and deposition of inhaled aerosols is of fundamental importance to inhalation therapy. Herein we address issues that affect drug delivery from experimental and theoretical perspectives. Accordingly, we shall limit our comments to a focused review of laboratory work (ie, an in vitro perspective) and the development of a computer-based 3-dimensional (3D) oral morphology with related computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and particle deposition studies (ie, an "in silico" perspective). To describe the oral region, morphometric data from the literature were employed. With Maya Unlimited, a third-party animation software package, coronal images were used to create initial spline curves, which served as the foundation of a nonuniform rational B-spline surface, representing a 3D morphology. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first medical application of Maya Unlimited. We have demonstrated that the code can be employed to construct 3D biological structures and perform 3D CFD simulations of aerosols from dry powder inhalers and metered-dose inhalers. A study was also conducted using Fluent, a commercially available software package that has been used extensively in our laboratory for 3D CFD computations. The Maya Unlimited software can generate physiologically realistic oral structures; it has great potential for use in the medical arena, because it requires neither advance technical training nor substantial peripheral ( eg, hardware) support, it allows for the introduction of medical devices ( eg, dry powder inhalers) into simulations, and it predicts 3D CFDpatterns consistent with experimental observations and results of more rigorous software ( Fluent). In the in vitro perspective we considered numerous salient topics, including the performances of dry powder inhalers and metered-dose inhalers, their respective operating characteristics, and relevance to in vivo data. We advocate that 3D CFD software be employed in a complementary manner, in real time, with aerosol therapy protocols in the medical arena, to promote the targeted delivery of inhaled drugs and thereby enhance their efficacies.