gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation into the effect of substrate clamping on the piezoelectric behaviour of thick-film PZT elements (2004)

This paper details an experimental investigation of the clamping effect associated with thick-film piezoelectric elements printed on a substrate. The clamping effect reduces the measured piezoelectric coefficient, d33, of the film. This reduction is due to the influence of the d31 component in the film when a deformation of the structure occurs, by either the direct or indirect piezoelectric effect. Theoretical analysis shows a reduction in the measured d33 of 62%, i.e. a standard bulk lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-5H sample with a manufacturer specified d33 of 593pC/N would fall to 227.8pC/N. To confirm this effect, the d33 coefficients of five thin bulk PZT-5H samples of 220 µm thickness were measured before and after their attachment to a metallized 96% alumina substrate. The experimental results show a reduction in d33 of 74% from 529pC/N to 139pC/N. The theoretical analysis was then applied to existing University of Southampton thick-film devices. It is estimated that the measured d33 value of 131pC/N of the thick-film devices is the equivalent of an unconstrained d33 of 345pC/N.
Magnetic multipole line-cusp plasma generator for neutral beam injectors (1979)

The magnetic multipole line-cusp device developed by MacKenzie and associates has been adapted for use as a neutral beam ion source. It has produced high-density, large volume, quiescent, uniform hydrogen plasmas, which makes it a potential candidate for use as a plasma generator for neutral beam injectors. The device is a water-cooled cylindrical copper discharge chamber (25 cm in diameter by 36 cm long) with one end enclosed by a set of extraction grids with a 15-cm-diam multi-aperture pattern. The chamber wall serves as an anode and is surrounded by an external system of rare-earth cobalt magnets arranged in a line-cusp geometry of 12 cusps; plasma is produced by electron emission from a hot cathode assembly. This source has achieved extracted beam currents of 12 A at 18.5 kV, radial plasma density uniformities of +/-5% over a 15-cm diameter, noise levels of less than +/-0.5%, and arc efficiencies (beam current/arc power) of 0.6 A/kW.
An Automated System Recovery Using BlockChain (2018)

The existing Disaster Recovery(DR) system has a technique for integrity of the duplicated file to be used for recovery, but it could not be used if the file was changed. In this study, a duplicate file is generated as a block and managed as a block-chain. If the duplicate file is corrupted, the DR system will check the integrity of the duplicated file by referring to the block-chain and proceed with the recovery. The proposed technology is verified through recovery performance evaluation and scenarios.
Efficacy and toxicity of treatment with the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma after prior anti-PD-1 therapy (2016)

Ipilimumab therapy can induce responses in patients who fail the anti-PD-1 therapy with response rates comparable to previous reports. There appears to be an increased frequency of high-grade immune-related adverse events including pneumonitis that warrants close surveillance.
Therapeutic Impact of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Expanded by Animal Serum–Free Medium for Cerebral Infarct in Rats (2011)

hBMSCs expanded with PL-containing medium retained their capacity of migration, survival, and differentiation and significantly promoted functional recovery when stereotactically transplanted into the infarct brain. The PL may be a clinically valuable and safe substitute for FCS in expanding hBMSCs to regenerate the infarct brain.
Acid-Mediated Conversion of Methylene-Interrupted Bisepoxides to Tetrahydrofurans: A Biomimetic Transformation (1998)

The acid-mediated transformation of syn and anti methylene interrupted cis,cis and cis,trans bisepoxides to tetrahydrofurans is high yielding, and demonstrates both regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. Trans,trans methylene interrupted bisepoxides do not yield tetrahydrofurans under the same conditions.
Lite, brite displays (2010)

This articles talks about the present and future challenges in display technologies.
Detecting and Recognizing Human-Object Interactions (2017)

To understand the visual world, a machine must not only recognize individual object instances but also how they interact. Humans are often at the center of such interactions and detecting human-object interactions is an important practical and scientific problem. In this paper, we address the task of detecting triplets in challenging everyday photos. We propose a novel model that is driven by a human-centric approach. Our hypothesis is that the appearance of a person -- their pose, clothing, action -- is a powerful cue for localizing the objects they are interacting with. To exploit this cue, our model learns to predict an action-specific density over target object locations based on the appearance of a detected person. Our model also jointly learns to detect people and objects, and by fusing these predictions it efficiently infers interaction triplets in a clean, jointly trained end-to-end system we call InteractNet. We validate our approach on the recently introduced Verbs in COCO (V-COCO) and HICO-DET datasets, where we show quantitatively compelling results.
Functional Integration of Grafted Neural Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons Monitored by Optogenetics in an In Vitro Parkinson Model (2011)

Intrastriatal grafts of stem cell-derived dopamine (DA) neurons induce behavioral recovery in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), but how they functionally integrate in host neural circuitries is poorly understood. Here, Wnt5a-overexpressing neural stem cells derived from embryonic ventral mesencephalon of tyrosine hydroxylase-GFP transgenic mice were expanded as neurospheres and transplanted into organotypic cultures of wild type mouse striatum. Differentiated GFP-labeled DA neurons in the grafts exhibited mature neuronal properties, including spontaneous firing of action potentials, presence of post-synaptic currents, and functional expression of DA D₂ autoreceptors. These properties resembled those recorded from identical cells in acute slices of intrastriatal grafts in the 6-hydroxy-DA-induced mouse PD model and from DA neurons in intact substantia nigra. Optogenetic activation or inhibition of grafted cells and host neurons using channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and halorhodopsin (NpHR), respectively, revealed complex, bi-directional synaptic interactions between grafted cells and host neurons and extensive synaptic connectivity within the graft. Our data demonstrate for the first time using optogenetics that ectopically grafted stem cell-derived DA neurons become functionally integrated in the DA-denervated striatum. Further optogenetic dissection of the synaptic wiring between grafted and host neurons will be crucial to clarify the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying behavioral recovery as well as adverse effects following stem cell-based DA cell replacement strategies in PD.
Abstract 103: Temporal Trends in Patient Characteristics and Use of IV tPA in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated at GWTG-Stroke Hospitals (2013)

Intro: Substantial efforts over the past decade have been made to increase rates of IV tPA use in the US. We sought to determine changes in patient characteristics and rates of tPA use over time among hospitalized stroke patients. Methods: We analyzed all acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients (n=1,093,895) and those arriving ≤ −2 hr and treated with IV tPA ≤ 3 hr of onset (n=50,798) from 2003-2011 in the GWTG-Stroke registry. Categorical data were analyzed by Pearson Chi-square and continuous data by Wilcoxon test, with multivariable GEE models (with and without NIHSS) for analysis of calendar time effect. Results: IV tPA use increased from 4.0% to 7.0% in all AIS admissions, and 42.6% to 77.0% in AIS patients arriving ≤ 2hr and tPA treated ≤ 3 hr (p <0.001) (Figure). In univariate analysis, IV tPA use increased over time in those aged >85 yr, non-white, and with milder strokes (NIHSS 0-4) (Table). Door-to-image time (median 24 vs. 20 min) and door-to -tPA time (median 81 vs. 72 min) also improved, with ~65% of tPA treated patients getting CT <25 min of arrival (Table). Multivariable GEE analysis of the effect of calendar year on rates of tPA use (n= 45656) found an adjusted OR of 1.37 (95%CI 1.35 - 1.40; p < 0.0001) per year. Including NIHSS in the model (n=39814) did not change the results substantially (OR=1.32, CI 1.29 - 1.35; p<0.0001) per yr. Conclusion: The frequency of IV tPA use among all AIS patients, regardless of contraindications, and among eligible patients without contraindications arriving within two hours nearly doubled from 2003-2011. Treatment with tPA has expanded over the past decade to include more stroke patients with milder deficits, non-white race-ethnicity, and in the oldest old.
An Incremental Algorithm to Check Satisfiability for Bounded Model Checking (2005)

In Bounded Model Checking (BMC), the search for counterexamples of increasing lengths is translated into a sequence of satisfiability (SAT) checks. It is natural to try to exploit the similarity of these SAT instances by forwarding clauses learned during conflict analysis from one instance to the next. The methods proposed to identify clauses that remain valid fall into two categories: Those that are oblivious to the mechanism that generates the sequence of SAT instances and those that rely on it. In the case of a BMC run, it was observed by Strichman [O. Shtrichman. Pruning techniques for the SAT-based bounded model checking problem. In Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods (CHARME 2001), pages 58–70, Livingston, Scotland, Sept. 2001. Springer. LNCS 2144] that those clauses learned during one SAT check that only depend on the structure of the model remain valid when checking for longer counterexamples. Eén and Sörensson [N. Eén and N. Sörensson. Temporal induction by incremental SAT solving. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 89(4), 2003. First International Workshop on Bounded Model Checking. http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/entcs/] pointed out that all learned clauses can be forwarded if the translation into SAT obeys commonly followed rules. Many clauses that are forwarded this way, however, are of little usefulness and may degrade performance. This paper presents an extension to Strichman's approach in the form of a more general criterion to filter conflict clauses that can be profitably forwarded to successive instances. This criterion, in particular, is still syntactic and quite efficient, but accounts for the presence of both primary and auxiliary objectives in the SAT instance. This paper also introduces a technique to distill clauses to be forwarded even though they fail the syntactic check. Distillation is a semantic approach that can be applied in general to incremental SAT, and often produces clauses that are independent of the primary objective, and hence remain valid for the remainder of the sequence of instances. In addition, distillation often improves the quality of the clauses, that is, their ability to prevent the examination of large regions of the search space. Experimental results obtained with the CirCUs SAT solver confirm the efficacy of the proposed techniques, especially for large, hard problems.
Topological Charge in Lattice Gauge Theory (1983)

A useful definition of the topological charge of a lattice gauge-field configuration is given. This definition is used to calculate the topological susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{t}=\frac{〈{Q}^{2}〉}{V}$ in SU(2) lattice gauge theory by means of a Monte Carlo simulation. ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{t}={(170\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25 \mathrm{MeV})}^{4}$ is obtained, in good agreement with the current algebra prediction. Other possible uses of this operator are suggested.
Towards understanding the challenges facing effective trust-aware recommendation (2010)

a method for generating semi-synthetic social data collections, which we use to study trust-aware recommendation. Specifically, we examine the effects of social graph degree distri- bution on user-based collaborative filtering that substitutes trusted users for conventional neighbors. Our semi-synthetic data collec- tions are created via a naive pruning process that maps a user-item matrix onto various social graphs with the degree distributions of real-world Web-based social systems. Our goal is to extend our understanding of the challenges facing effective trust-aware rec- ommendation beyond the current possibilities, which are limited by data set availability. The improvement offered by trust-aware recommendation is shown to have substantial dependence on the degree distribution of the social graph.
Endogenous Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9 Promote the Differentiation and Migration of Adult Neural Progenitor Cells in Response to Chemokines (2008)

Adult neurogenesis is regulated by both intrinsic programs and extrinsic stimuli. The enhanced proliferation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells (aNPCs) in the subventricular zone and the migration of neuroblasts toward the ischemic region in adult brains present a unique challenge as well as an opportunity to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the extrinsic cue-induced neurogenic responses. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteinases known to play a role in extracellular matrix remodeling and cell migration. However, their presence in aNPCs and their potential function in injury-induced aNPC migration remain largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that in response to two injury-induced chemokines, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor, aNPCs differentiated into migratory cells that expressed increased levels of MMP-3 and MMP-9. Whereas differentiated neuroblasts and a subpopulation of astrocytes migrated toward the chemokines, undifferentiated progenitors did not migrate. Blocking the expression of MMP-3 or MMP-9 in aNPCs interfered with both the differentiation of aNPCs and chemokine-induced cell migration. Thus, endogenous MMPs expressed by aNPCs are important for mediating their neurogenic response to extrinsic signals.
The role of histidine residues in the HXGH site of CTP :phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase in CTP binding and catalysis (1998)

The HXGH motif of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) is a unifying feature of the cytidylyltransferase family which has been proposed to function in binding of CTP and catalysis [Veitch, D. P. & Cornell, R. B. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 10743-10750]. Substitution of serine for Gly91 in the HXGH motif of CCT implicates this motif in CTP-binding [Park, Y. S., Gee, P., Sanker, S., Schuster, E. J., Zuiderweg, E. R. & Kent, C. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 15161]. The model for CTP binding involves hydrogen bond contacts between the histidine imidazole and the CTP phosphate oxygens. We have mutated His89 and His92 to Gly or Ala, which eliminate potential hydrogen bonds, and to Asn or Gln, which conserve these interactions. Mutation to Gly or Ala at both positions, and the H89Q mutation resulted in inactive enzymes. The Vmax of [N89]CT was 100-fold lower than that of wild-type CCT, but CTP binding was not perturbed, suggesting an involvement of His89 in transition-state stabilization. The H92N mutation reduced Vmax and increased the Kms for both substrates fivefold. The H92Q mutation had little effect on substrate binding or Vmax. These data suggest that the Gln92 NH2, and not the Asn NH2, is able to substitute for the histidine NH, and implicates the tau nitrogen of His92 in forming contacts with CTP. This work strengthens the hypothesis that the HXGH motif is involved in the binding of CTP and transition-state stabilization.
Factorized Hidden Layer Adaptation for Deep Neural Network Based Acoustic Modeling (2016)

In this paper, we propose the factorized hidden layer (FHL) approach to adapt the deep neural network (DNN) acoustic models for automatic speech recognition (ASR). FHL aims at modeling speaker dependent (SD) hidden layers by representing an SD affine transformation as a linear combination of bases. The combination weights are low-dimensional speaker parameters that can be initialized using speaker representations like i-vectors and then reliably refined in an unsupervised adaptation fashion. Therefore, our method provides an efficient way to perform both adaptive training and (test-time) adaptation. Experimental results have shown that the FHL adaptation improves the ASR performance significantly, compared to the standard DNN models, as well as other state-of-the-art DNN adaptation approaches, such as training with the speaker-normalized CMLLR features, speaker-aware training using i-vector and learning hidden unit contributions (LHUC). For Aurora 4, FHL achieves 3.8% and 2.3% absolute improvements over the standard DNNs trained on the LDA + STC and CMLLR features, respectively. It also achieves 1.7% absolute performance improvement over a system that combines the i-vector adaptive training with LHUC adaptation. For the AMI dataset, FHL achieved 1.4% and 1.9% absolute improvements over the sequence-trained CMLLR baseline systems, for the IHM and SDM tasks, respectively.
Nyquist-rate digital-to-analog converter architectures (2001)

This article covers two popular types of Nyquist-rate digital-to-analog converters (DACs): the flash DAC and the serial DAC. Flash DACs perform their conversion in a single clock cycle and are typically designed to operate at high-speeds. Serial DACs convert the digital signal to an analog signal one bit at a time. Serial DACs trade the hardware complexity of a flash DAC for longer conversion times. In this article, three variations of flash DACs are introduced along with two serial DACs. Also the advantages and disadvantages for each architecture are discussed.
Investigating the use of asymmetric windows in CELP vocoders (1993)

The behavior of several windows in relation to time delay and spectral estimation is analyzed in its application to CELP (code excited linear prediction) coders, with emphasis on time delay considerations. From the data, the importance of asymmetric windows in such a context becomes evident. In order to obtain objective conclusions, a perceptually weighted residual energy was used as the comparison criterion. Experimental data show that an appropriately chosen window can reduce the time delay by up to 50% of the analysis frame. Typical reductions in delay will be about 6-8 ms. It is observed that this delay reduction is obtained with no cost in complexity or speech quality, and that in many algorithms it can be implemented in the coder without affecting compatibility with previous versions of the same algorithm. As an example of a specific implementation, an asymmetric window has been introduced in the Federal Standard 1016 CELP algorithm (4.8 kbit/s CELP). It has been shown to reduce the implicit delay of that algorithm by 5.6 ms with no loss in quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Incremental migration strategies: data flow analysis for wrapping (2002)

Incremental migration strategies entail the decomposition of large legacy systems in components that can be independently and selectively replaced; this reduces the costs and risks of a migration program. The legacy components are encapsulated into object wrappers and used (through the wrapper interface) in their original form until new components take up their functions with an acceptable level of reliability. The decomposition of legacy programs in components to be encapsulated in different wrappers involves reengineering activities for creating a new program for each component. Data flow analysis methods are needed for identifying the formal parameters in the interfaces of such programs. We present the approach defined within the project ERCOLE, a research project aiming at migrating legacy systems towards object-oriented platforms.
Deuterium NMR of perdeuteriated di and monoacids dissolved in the lyomesophases of dipotassium hexadecanedioate (1990)

Abstract The behaviour of α,ω-diacid and α-monoacid guest molecules (with carbon atoms ranging between 6 to 22) in the lamellar and hexagonal mesophases of dipotassium thapsate (KOOC(CH2)14MCOOK)-water mixtures have been investigated, using deuterium NMR spectroscopy. Addition of short diacids to either the lamellar or hexagonal phases results in phase separation and essentially no incorporation into the mesophase structure. The deuterium spectra of the guest molecules exhibit characteristic patterns which are qualitatively interpreted in terms of their ordering properties. In no case were separate signals observed due to folded diacid guest molecules which have their carboxyl groups on the same side of the interface.
Extracellular fluid in individual tissues and in whole animals: the distribution of radiosulfate and radiobromide (1969)

Radiosulfate, (35)SO(4), and radiobromide, (82)Br, were administered simultaneously to rats and dogs. In rats, the apparent volume of distribution of (82)Br averaged 30% of body weight and was constant between 0.5 and 35 hr after injection. The apparent volume of distribution of (35)SO(4), corrected for urinary loss, increased by 6% body weight/hr: the extrapolated volume at zero time was 88% of bromide space. Analysis of individual tissues and carcasses for (82)Br and inorganic (35)SO(4) showed that equilibration of both isotopes in several organs and in the whole carcass was rapidly achieved within 1 to 2 hr: no further increase in measured spaces occurred in 24 hr. The carcass inorganic sulfate space was 92%+/-2% of the bromide space in intact rats, and showed no increase with time. However, a progressively greater fraction of the injected (35)SO(4) was not recovered, owing to metabolic alteration. In eviscerated rats, the inorganic sulfate space was a smaller and much more constant fraction (79.8% +/-0.4%) of the bromide space, showing that at least 20% of body bromide (and hence chloride) is nonextracellular. The viscera chiefly responsible for the higher ratio of spaces in the intact animal were the liver, small bowel, and kidney. In the last two organs, excess inorganic (35)SO(4) (beyond the bromide space) was attributable to trapped transcellular fluid in which sulfate had been concentrated more than chloride (or bromide). Excess sulfate in liver and cartilage could not be explained in this manner: the results suggest passive binding of sulfate, but could reflect active cell uptake in these tissues. No excess sulfate was found in skin or tail. The implications of these observations with respect to the distribution of body chloride and the measurement of extracellular space are discussed. The extracellular volume of the rat is estimated to be 24% of body weight.