gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paraben allergy. (1977)

A hydrocortisone preparation containing methylparaben and propylparaben provoked bronchospasm and pruritus when given intravenously to an asthmatic patient, whereas another hydrocortisone preparation without paraben preservative did not. Direct and passive transfer (Prausnitz-Küstner) skin tests for immediate hypersensitivity to parabens were positive. Parabens, frequently employed as bacteriostatic agents, are capable of producing immunologically mediated, immmediate systemic hypersensitivity reactions.
Confirmation and differentiation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 with a strip-based assay including recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides. (1991)

We evaluated the use of the INNO-LIA HIV-1/HIV-2 Ab test (LIA HIV; Innogenetics) for the confirmation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2). The test includes three recombinant HIV-1 proteins: p24 (gag), p17 (gag), and endonuclease (p31; pol), in combination with two synthetic peptides derived from the env gene of HIV-1 and one synthetic peptide selected from the env gene of HIV-2. Analysis of 450 sera from blood donors, 220 sera from patients with non-HIV pathology, and 28 Western blot (WB) p24-only reactive sera revealed no false-positive results, and the rate of indeterminate results was substantially lower than that with WB. Testing of 334 WB-confirmed HIV antibody-positive sera (309 HIV-1; 25 HIV-2) revealed no false-negative results. In two of seven seroconversion panels tested, LIA HIV detected the presence of HIV antibodies before WB did. In the other five panels, LIA HIV and WB confirmed the presence of HIV antibodies in the same sample. The LIA HIV assay therefore appears well suited for routine confirmation of the presence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies.
Measurement of the Viscosity and Density of Two Reference Fluids, with Nominal Viscosities at <i>T </i>= 298 K and <i>p </i>= 0.1 MPa of (16 and 29) mPa·s, at Temperatures between (298 and 393) K and Pressures below 55 MPa (2005)

We have measured the viscosity and density of certified reference materials N10 and S20 with nominal viscosities at T = 298 K and p = 0.1 MPa of (16 and 29) mPa·s, respectively, at temperatures in the range of (298 to 393) K and pressures between (0.1 and 55) MPa. These measurements extend the pressure range by 55 MPa and the temperature range by 20 K over which the viscosity and density of these fluids are known. Both a vibrating wire, with a wire diameter of 0.1 mm, and oscillating sinker viscometers were used for the measurements with standard uncertainties (k = 1) of ±1 % and ±2 %, respectively, whereas density was obtained from a vibrating tube densimeter with an uncertainty of ±0.1 %. The viscosity obtained from both instruments agreed within a reasonable multiple of the combined expanded uncertainty over the whole range of viscosities from (1.8 to 76) mPa·s, where the latter value represents the upper useful operating viscosity of the vibrating wire. The measured viscosity and density have been combined with the appropriate certified values for N10 and S20 at p = 101.325 kPa to obtain interpolation expressions with leading terms based on the cited values. Our equation represents the measured viscosities to within ±2 % and the densities to within ±0.2 % that are consistent with the expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of our measurements.
The Credibility of Probabilities: An Application to Water Resources Policy (1986)

This paper focuses on one particularly troublesome issue in decision analysis, the issue of the credibility of subjective probabilities. A water resources policy problem is used to illustrate some of the preliminary results of ongoing research sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
Evaluating the Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Li/PEO-LiTFSI Interfacial Stability and Kinetics (2018)

We hypothesized that pressure and temperature affect Li metal solid-state battery (LMSB) resistance and susceptibility to Li metal penetration during cycling. To validate this, the kinetics and stability of the Li-solid electrolyte interface was studied using the model polymer electrolyte system: Li/Polyethylene oxide-LiTFSI (PEO-LiTFSI). It was determined that the interface impedance decreased with increasing pressure and was invariant above 400 and 200 kPa at 60 and 80°C, respectively. In tests to determine susceptibility to Li metal penetration as a function of current density, it was determined that the current density at which Li metal penetrates PEO-LiTFSI, was consistently 0.5 mA/cm2 for all temperatures tested (60, 80, and 100°C). To gain a mechanistic understanding of how Li metal penetrates a solid electrolyte at and above the current density for onset of Li metal penetration, an operando optical visual cell was used. A clear correlation between erratic DC polarization behavior and the onset and propagation of Li metal penetration was made. The empirical observations in this study could help better understand the factors that affect the kinetics and stability of the Li-solid electrolyte interface. We believe these findings could help to advance the maturity of LMSB.
Vacuum‐Assisted Aerosol Deposition of a Low‐Dielectric‐Constant Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Film (2009)

Low-dielectric-constant periodic mesoporous organosilica thin films are fabricated by vacuum-assisted aerosol deposition, a vapor-phase delivery technique favored by the semiconductor industry. The mesostructured films possess a combination of dielectric and mechanical properties that make them an ideal candidate for insulating materials on semiconductor chips (see image). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Strategies to Find Novel Angiogenesis Inhibitors as PotentialTherapeutic Agents for Cancer (1995)

Abstract: The development of therapeutic agents with mechanisms of action different from those of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs is now required in the field of anti-cancer drug therapy, and different approaches to this problem have been made. Considerable attention has been paid to compounds able to interfere with tumor-related angiogenesis. This is due to (1) increasing evidence that both tumor growth and metastasis depend on angiogenesis, and (2) accumulated findings indicating that different types of angiogenesis inhibitors can prevent these two phenomena. Now it is expected that treatment involving angiogenesis inhibitors will become a new strategy for cancer therapy. This review concerns the approaches we have taken so far for finding novel angiogenesis inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for cancer.
Replication of human noroviruses in stem cell–derived human enteroids (2016)

The major barrier to research and development of effective interventions for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) has been the lack of a robust and reproducible in vitro cultivation system. HuNoVs are the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. We report the successful cultivation of multiple HuNoV strains in enterocytes in stem cell-derived, nontransformed human intestinal enteroid monolayer cultures. Bile, a critical factor of the intestinal milieu, is required for strain-dependent HuNoV replication. Lack of appropriate histoblood group antigen expression in intestinal cells restricts virus replication, and infectivity is abrogated by inactivation (e.g., irradiation, heating) and serum neutralization. This culture system recapitulates the human intestinal epithelium, permits human host-pathogen studies of previously noncultivatable pathogens, and allows the assessment of methods to prevent and treat HuNoV infections.
Neighborhood-Based In-Network Caching for Information-Centric Networks (2017)

The current Internet is based on host-centric networking, and a user needs to know the host address before reaching a data target in the network. The new architecture of information-centric networking (ICN) facilitates users to locate data targets by giving their data names without any information about host addresses. In-network caching is one of the prominent features in ICN, which allows network routers to cache data contents. In this paper, we emphasize the management of in-network cache storage, and this includes the mechanisms of cache replacement and cache replication. A new cost function is then proposed to evaluate each cache content and the least valuable content is evicted when cache is full. To increase cache utilization, a cooperative caching policy among neighboring routers is proposed. The proper network locations to cache data contents are also discussed in the paper. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed caching policy than some traditional caching polices.
A shoulder-mounted planar antenna for mobile radio applications (2000)

A new planar antenna, suitable for use on a shoulder, has been studied for police and fire service portable radios in the 350-MHz band. This shoulder-mounted antenna, which is a type of planar inverted F antenna (PIFA), features extreme compactness while maintaining a higher gain than that of a conventional whip antenna and small impedance changes in the presence of a human body. The low-profile structure enables the antenna to be unseen when the operator wears a jacket. A prototype of the antenna has been built and tested, and the measured impedance characteristics and the radiation patterns are presented. Emphasis is placed on the effect of the human body. The antenna provides a gain of -5.5 dBd, which is 3.5 dB higher than that of a whip antenna. Field measurements verified the excellent performance under a multiple propagation environment.
Software rejuvenation: analysis, module and applications (2002)

Software rejuvenation is the concept of gracefully terminating an application and immediately restarting it at a clean internal state. In a client-server type of application where the server is intended to ran perpetually for providing a service to its clients, rejuvenating the server process periodically during the most idle time of the server increases the availability of that service. In a long-running computation-intensive application, rejuvenating the application periodically and restarting it at a previous checkpoint increases the likelihood of successfully completing the application execution. We present a model for analyzing software rejuvenation in such continuously-running applications and express downtime and costs due to downtime during rejuvenation in terms of the parameters in that model. Threshold conditions for rejuvenation to be beneficial are also derived. We implemented a reusable module to perform software rejuvenation. That module can be embedded in any existing application on a UNIX platform with minimal effort. Experiences with software rejuvenation in a billing data collection subsystem of a telecommunications operations system and other continuously-running systems and scientific applications in AT&T are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selection of an Aptamer Antidote to the Anticoagulant Drug Bivalirudin (2013)

Adverse drug reactions, including severe patient bleeding, may occur following the administration of anticoagulant drugs. Bivalirudin is a synthetic anticoagulant drug sometimes employed as a substitute for heparin, a commonly used anticoagulant that can cause a condition called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Although bivalrudin has the advantage of not causing HIT, a major concern is lack of an antidote for this drug. In contrast, medical professionals can quickly reverse the effects of heparin using protamine. This report details the selection of an aptamer to bivalirudin that functions as an antidote in buffer. This was accomplished by immobilizing the drug on a monolithic column to partition binding sequences from nonbinding sequences using a low-pressure chromatography system and salt gradient elution. The elution profile of binding sequences was compared to that of a blank column (no drug), and fractions with a chromatographic difference were analyzed via real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and used for further selection. Sequences were identified by 454 sequencing and demonstrated low micromolar dissociation constants through fluorescence anisotropy after only two rounds of selection. One aptamer, JPB5, displayed a dose-dependent reduction of the clotting time in buffer, with a 20 µM aptamer achieving a nearly complete antidote effect. This work is expected to result in a superior safety profile for bivalirudin, resulting in enhanced patient care.
Generic Packet Tunneling in IPv6 Specification (1998)

This document defines the model and generic mechanisms for IPv6 encapsulation of Internet packets, such as IPv6 and IPv4. The model and mechanisms can be applied to other protocol packets as well, such as AppleTalk, IPX, CLNP, or others.
The Most Pathogenic Transthyretin Variant, L55P, Forms Amyloid Fibrils under Acidic Conditions and Protofilaments under Physiological Conditions (1999)

The L55P transthyretin (TTR) familial amyloid polyneuropathy-associated variant is distinct from the other TTR variants studied to date and the wild-type protein in that the L55P tetramer can dissociate to the monomeric amyloidogenic intermediate and form fibril precursors under physiological conditions (pH 7.0, 37 degrees C). The activation barrier associated with L55P-TTR tetramer dissociation is lower than the barrier for wild-type transthyretin dissociation, which does not form fibrils under physiological conditions. The L55P-TTR tetramer is also very sensitive to acidic conditions, readily dissociating to form the monomeric amyloidogenic intermediate between pH 5.5-5.0 where the wild-type TTR adopts a nonamyloidogenic tetrameric structure. The formation of the L55P monomeric amyloidogenic intermediate involves subtle tertiary structural changes within the beta-sheet rich subunit as discerned from Trp fluorescence, circular dichroism analysis, and ANS binding studies. The assembly of the L55P-TTR amyloidogenic intermediate at physiological pH (pH 7.5) affords protofilaments that elongate with time. TEM studies suggest that the entropic barrier associated with filament assembly (amyloid fibril formation) is high in vitro, amyloid being defined by the laterally assembled four filament structure observed by Blake upon isolation of "fibrils" from the eye of a FAP patient. The L55P-TTR protofilaments formed in vitro bind Congo red and thioflavin T (albeit more weakly than the fibrils produced at acidic pH), suggesting that the structure observed probably represents an amyloid precursor. The structural continuum from misfolded monomer through protofilaments, filaments, and ultimately fibrils must be considered as a possible source of pathology associated with these diseases.
Bright single-photon sources in bottom-up tailored nanowires (2012)

The ability to achieve near-unity light-extraction efficiency is necessary for a truly deterministic single-photon source. The most promising method to reach such high efficiencies is based on embedding single-photon emitters in tapered photonic waveguides defined by top-down etching techniques. However, light-extraction efficiencies in current top-down approaches are limited by fabrication imperfections and etching-induced defects. The efficiency is further tempered by randomly positioned off-axis quantum emitters. Here we present perfectly positioned single quantum dots on the axis of a tailored nanowire waveguide using bottom-up growth. In comparison to quantum dots in nanowires without waveguides, we demonstrate a 24-fold enhancement in the single-photon flux, corresponding to a light-extraction efficiency of 42%. Such high efficiencies in one-dimensional nanowires are promising to transfer quantum information over large distances between remote stationary qubits using flying qubits within the same nanowire p-n junction.
I/O reference behavior of production database workloads and the TPC benchmarks—an analysis at the logical level (2001)

As improvements in processor performance continue to far outpace improvements in storage performance, I/O is increasingly the bottleneck in computer systems, especially in large database systems that manage huge amoungs of data. The key to achieving good I/O performance is to thoroughly understand its characteristics. In this article we present a comprehensive analysis of the logical I/O reference behavior of the peak productiondatabase workloads from ten of the world's largest corporations. In particular, we focus on how these workloads respond to different techniques for caching, prefetching, and write buffering. Our findings include several broadly applicable rules of thumb that describe how effective the various I/O optimization techniques are for the production workloads. For instance, our results indicate that the buffer pool miss ratio tends to be related to the ratio of buffer pool size to data size by an inverse square root rule. A similar fourth root rule relates the write miss ratio and the ration of buffer pool size to data size. In addition, we characterize the reference characteristics of workloads similar to the Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC) benchmarks C (TPC-C) and D(TPC-D), which are de facto standard performance measures for online transaction processing (OLTP) systems and decision support systems (DSS), respectively. Since benchmarks such as TPC-C and TPC-D can only be used effectively if their strengths and limitations are understood, a major focus of our analysis is to identify aspects of the benchmarks that stress the system differently than the production workloads. We discover that for the most part, the reference behavior of TPC-C and TPC-D fall within the range of behavior exhibited by the production workloads. However, there are some noteworthy exceptions that affect well-known I/O optimization techniques such as caching (LRU is further from the optimal for TPC-C, while there is little sharing of pages between transactions for TPC-D), prefetching (TPC-C exhibits no significant sequentiality), and write buffering (write buffering is lees effective for the TPC benchmarks). While the two TPC benchmarks generally complement one another in reflecting the characteristics of the production workloads, there remain aspects of the real workloads that are not represented by either of the benchmarks.
Accuracy in the Determination of Isoelectric Points of Some Proteins and a Peptide by Capillary Isoelectric Focusing:  Utility of Synthetic Peptides as Isoelectric Point Markers (2000)

To evaluate the accuracy ofisoelectric point determination by capillary isoelectric focusing, the pI values of nine proteins and a peptide, the pI values of which had been determined by other methods and ranging pI 3.55-9.60, were determined by capillary isoelectric focusing by cofocusing of recently developed peptide pI markers ranging 3.38-10.17, and the consistency of the pI values was examined. Isoelectric focusing was carried out in neutral polymer-coated capillaries, and the pH gradient was mobilized by pressure toward the cathode, to detect samples with absorption at 280 nm at a fixed detection point. Carrier ampholytes from two different suppliers and in different pH ranges were used. The sharp peaks of the highly pure peptide pI markers greatly facilitated the unambiguous identification of the peaks. When a carrier ampholyte ranging over the acidic side was used, the detection of acidic pI samples was anomalously delayed. This could be partly mitigated by reducing the viscosity of the anode solution in comparison with the pH gradient formed in the capillary. Since the detection times vs the pH relationships were not linear in most cases, the use of a linear calibration line over an entire pH gradient would be erroneous. Instead, the pI values of samples were calculated by assuming a linear relation for pH against detection time between two flanking marker peptides. Close agreement between the pI values, determined by capillary isoelectric focusing, and the reference values of the samples was observed within an average difference range of 0.04-0.08 pH unit with a sample consumption of 10-100 ng within 30-60 min. Some carrier ampholytes were preferentially more effective at either the acidic or the basic side of the pH gradient. For confirmation of the completion of focusing, the use of two different focusing times is recommended.
Isolation and Identification of Four New Carboxylie Acid Metabolites of Cortisol in Man (1973)

The present study describes the isolation from human urine and definitive chemical identification of 4 members of a new class of acidic metabolites of corticol, characterized by a 21-oic acid group: 3α, 17, 20α-trihydroxy-11-oxopregnan-21-oic acid; 3α,17,20β-trihydroxy-11-oxopregnan-21-oic acid; 3α,11β,17,20α-tetrahydroxypregnan-21-oic acid; 3α,11β,17,20β-tetrahydroxypregnan-21-oic acid; The trivial name “cortoic acids” is suggested for this group of metabolites; the individual compounds, named after the corresponding 21-hydroxy metabolites, would be: “cortolonic acid,” “β-cortolonic acid,” “cortolic acid” and “β-cortolic acid,” respectively. Together these metabolites constitute 5–25% (mean 12%) of the administered cortisol. The most abundant by far is “cortolonic acid” which is one of the 4 most abundant metabolites of cortisol. Transformation of cortisol to these metabolites involves an intramolecular shift of a hydrogen atom from C-21 to C-20 as well as oxidative removal of the other hydrogen atom from C-21. The order in which these 2 processes take place has not been established.
Absorption of neomycin from the equine uterus: effect of bacterial and chemical endometritis (1988)

Plasma concentrations of neomycin were measured after intrauterine infusion of 3.3 mg/kg neomycin sulphate. Mares infected two hours previously with an intra-uterine infusion of beta-haemolytic streptococci absorbed approximately 12 per cent of the neomycin in both the oestrous and the luteal phases of the cycle. Normal mares in oestrus absorbed 6 per cent of the neomycin infused and luteal mares absorbed 56 per cent. In infected mares the peak plasma concentrations occurred two hours after neomycin infusion, earlier than in healthy mares. Cervical flushings after neomycin infusion in infected luteal mares revealed an increased reflux of neomycin when compared with healthy mares. Prior infusion of 30 ml of 10 per cent Lugol's iodine into the uterus resulted in 31 per cent of neomycin being absorbed by oestrous mares and 64 per cent by mares in the luteal phase. Peak plasma concentrations occurred 30 minutes after infusion in both phases. In the luteal phase the mares' absorption of neomycin may have been maximal.