gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probe Report for PME-1 Inhibitors (2010)

The concept of crowdsourcing is nowadays extensively used to refer to the collection of data and the generation of information by large groups of users/contributors. OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a very successful example of a crowd-sourced geospatial data project. Unfortunately, it is often the case that OSM contributor inputs (including geometry and attribute data inserts, deletions and updates) have been found to be inaccurate, incomplete, inconsistent or vague. This is due to several reasons which include: (1) many contributors with little experience or training in mapping and Geographic Information Systems (GIS); (2) not enough contributors familiar with the areas being mapped; (3) contributors having different interpretations of the attributes (tags) for specific features; (4) different levels of enthusiasm between mappers resulting in different number of tags for similar features and (5) the user-friendliness of the online user-interface where the underlying map can be viewed and edited. This paper suggests an automatic mechanism, which uses raw spatial data (trajectories of movements contributed by contributors to OSM) to minimise the uncertainty and impact of the above-mentioned issues. This approach takes the raw trajectory datasets as input and analyses them using data mining techniques. In addition, we extract some patterns and rules about the geometry and attributes of the recognised features for the purpose of insertion or editing of features in the OSM database. The underlying idea is that certain characteristics of user trajectories are directly linked to the geometry and the attributes of geographic features. Using these rules successfully results in the generation of new features with higher spatial quality which are subsequently automatically inserted into the OSM database.
Digital images of combined oceanic and continental data sets and their use in tectonic studies (1983)

Recently, much interest has centered around the development of gridded geophysical data sets capable of resolving features important for tectonic studies of the earth's crust and lithosphere in both oceanic and continental areas. Construction of such data sets is now possible for several reasons: (1) satellite missions, such as GEOS 3, Seasat, and Magsat have provided abundant information with uniform coverage in all parts of the oceans, including remote areas poorly explored by surface ships; (2) a new digital bathymetric data set has been completed by the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office; (3) geophysical measurements made in many countries around the world are closely spaced and thus highly suitable for gridding; and (4) these data have been disseminated to the scientific community. Except for studies based on earthquake seismology, tectonic studies of continental and oceanic areas have largely proceeded separately, using data acquired from land geological and geophysical surveys, and ships at sea, respectively. Our purpose in this paper is to demonstrate how crustal and lithospheric studies can benefit when continental and oceanic data sets are combined. In addition, we show how digital imaging techniques provide an effective means for displaying the information contained in these combined data sets. Interpretation methods are greatly facilitated by the ability to enhance linear trends and subtle regional textures, and by the ability to display complementary data sets side‐by‐side or by overlaying images.
Control of Aerosol Contaminants in Indoor Air:  Combining the Particle Concentration Reduction with Microbial Inactivation (2006)

An indoor air purification technique, which combines unipolar ion emission and photocatalytic oxidation (promoted by a specially designed RCI cell), was investigated in two test chambers, 2.75 m3 and 24.3 m3, using nonbiological and biological challenge aerosols. The reduction in particle concentration was measured size selectively in real-time, and the Air Cleaning Factor and the Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) were determined. While testing with virions and bacteria, bioaerosol samples were collected and analyzed, and the microorganism survival rate was determined as a function of exposure time. We observed that the aerosol concentration decreased approximately 10 to approximately 100 times more rapidly when the purifier operated as compared to the natural decay. The data suggest that the tested portable unit operating in approximately 25 m3 non-ventilated room is capable to provide CADR-values more than twice as great than the conventional closed-loop HVAC system with a rating 8 filter. The particle removal occurred due to unipolar ion emission, while the inactivation of viable airborne microorganisms was associated with photocatalytic oxidation. Approximately 90% of initially viable MS2 viruses were inactivated resulting from 10 to 60 min exposure to the photocatalytic oxidation. Approximately 75% of viable B. subtilis spores were inactivated in 10 min, and about 90% or greater after 30 min. The biological and chemical mechanisms that led to the inactivation of stress-resistant airborne viruses and bacterial spores were reviewed.
Hydrogel route to nanotubes of metal oxides and sulfates (2003)

A tripodal cholamide-based hydrogel has been employed as a template to synthesize inorganic nanotubes. Besides nanotubes of oxides such as SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3 and ZnO, nanotubes of sulfates such as the water-soluble ZnSO4 as well as of BaSO4 have been obtained using this method. An advantage of the use of the hydrogel is that metal alkoxides are not required for the synthesis of the oxide nanotubes. The nanotubes have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.
Bi-objective optimization for the inversion of seismic reflection data: Combined FWI and MVA (2012)

The inversion of seismic reflection data is challenging due to the oscillatory nature of the seismic data, the nonlinear relation between the data and the Earth's model parameters, and the relative sensitivity of the different subsets of the data to the model parameters. Full-waveform inversion solves this inverse problem in the data space but is known to have shortcomings, especially because of the multi-modality and the numerous locally optimal solutions that its objective function allows. Migration velocity analysis indirectly relates to the inversion of seismic reflection data. Used in velocity model building, the method yields a macro model of the Earth's subsurface but constrains this model only to be kinematically correct. Migration velocity analysis has also its share of well-known pitfalls. Interestingly, the two methods have complementary characteristics which potentially mitigate the drawbacks of each technique. To take advantage of the capability of full-waveform inversion and migration velocity analysis, a bi-objective optimization strategy combines the two methods to solve the inversion of seismic reflection data. A numerical example illustrates the benefits of this new strategy.
Electrochemical Detectors Prepared by Electroless Deposition for Microfabricated Electrophoresis Chips (2000)

Microfabricated capillary electrophoresis (CE) chips with integrated electrochemical detection have been developed on glass substrates. An electroless deposition procedure was used to deposit a gold film directly onto the capillary outlet to provide high-sensitivity electrochemical detection for catechol and several nitroaromatic explosives. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the electroless gold film contains nanoscopic gold aggregates (100-150 nm) with an average thickness of 79 nm. The electroless deposition procedure can be easily and routinely performed in any wet-chemistry laboratory, and electroless gold can be deposited onto complex and internal surfaces. Intimate coupling of electrochemical detection and CE chips obviates the need for a coupling mechanism or tedious alignment procedures. With nitroaromatic compounds as a working model, microchip capillary electrophoresis equipped with electroless gold has proven to provide high sensitivity and fast response times for sensor applications. The CE microchip system was capable of separation and determination of explosive compounds including TNT in less than 130 s with detection limits ranging from 24 to 36 microg/L, i.e., 4-fold enhancements in detection efficiency in comparison to thick-film technology.
The Biological and Pathological Function of the Presenilin-1 ΔExon 9 Mutation Is Independent of Its Defect to Undergo Proteolytic Processing (1999)

The two homologous presenilins are key factors for the generation of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), since Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated mutations enhance the production of the pathologically relevant 42-amino acid Abeta (Abeta42), and a gene knockout of presenilin-1 (PS1) significantly inhibits total Abeta production. Presenilins undergo proteolytic processing within the domain encoded by exon 9, a process that may be closely related to their biological and pathological activity. An AD-associated mutation within the PS1 gene deletes exon 9 (PS1Deltaexon9) due to a splicing error and results in the accumulation of the uncleaved full-length protein. We now demonstrate the unexpected finding that the pathological activity of PS1Deltaexon9 is independent of its lack to undergo proteolytic processing, but is rather due to a point mutation (S290C) occurring at the aberrant exon 8/10 splice junction. Mutagenizing the cysteine residue at position 290 to the original serine residue completely inhibits the pathological activity in regard to the elevated production of Abeta42. Like PS1Deltaexon9, the resulting presenilin variant (PS1Deltaexon9 C290S) accumulates as an uncleaved protein and fully replaces endogenous presenilin fragments. Moreover, PS1Deltaexon9 C290S exhibits a significantly increased biological activity in a highly sensitive in vivo assay as compared with the AD-associated mutation. Therefore not only the increased Abeta42 production but also the decreased biological function of PS1Deltaexon9 is due to a point mutation and independent of the lack of proteolytic processing.
Research On The Influence Of Emotional Labor Strategy Used By Public Transportation Employee On Service Satisfaction (2012)

The aim of the research is to understand whether the accuracy of customer detection of employee emotional labor strategy would influence the overall service satisfaction. From path analysis, it was found that employee-s positive emotions positively influenced service quality. Service quality in turn influenced Customer detection of employee emotional deep action strategy and Customer detection of employee emotional surface action strategy. Lastly, Customer detection of employee emotional deep action strategy and Customer detection of employee emotional surface action strategy positively influenced service satisfaction. Based on the analysis results, suggestions are proposed to provide reference for human resource management and use in relative fields.
Exploring and Exploiting Subchannels in the NTSC Spectrum (1988)

When the NTSC spectrum is analyzed in three dimensions, regions of high spatiotemporal frequencies that have several important properties can be identified. First, these regions contain little energy for scenes of normal picture content. Second, they contain frequencies, such as those corresponding to moving diagonals, that are largely ignored by the human visual system. Third, they are not interpreted as normal color by most NTSC receivers. These properties allow the insertion of additional, possibly uncorrelated, video information into prefiltered “holes” or “subchannels” in the multidimensional spectrum. Ignored by the circuits of standard NTSC receivers and the eyes of their viewers, this extra information can be detected, removed, and displayed by special receivers. Exploiting subchannels in the NTSC spectrum can increase the amount of transmitted video information in a fully compatible manner. This article describes the location of the NTSC subchannels, and illustrates how they can be used in a typical application.
Farm-level transport and animal dependency in Kaffecho Zone, Ethiopia. (2004)

This paper examines the importance of donkey and mule transport in a remote region of Ethiopia (Kaffecho Zone). Households are highly dependent on pack animals in trying to develop an exchange economy above mere subsistence, with climatic conditions and payload considerations favouring the use of mules. However, ownership levels are low relative to national averages. The main cause of low ownership is thought to be poverty, although supply constraints, including the availability of credit, may also be important. Policies to encourage wider ownership require a better understanding of both supply and demand constraints which are identified and are currently being researched.
The Influence of the Microbiome on Early-Life Severe Viral Lower Respiratory Infections and Asthma—Food for Thought? (2017)

Severe viral lower respiratory infections are a major cause of infant morbidity. In developing countries, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-bronchiolitis induces significant mortality, whereas in developed nations the disease represents a major risk factor for subsequent asthma. Susceptibility to severe RSV-bronchiolitis is governed by gene-environmental interactions that affect the host response to RSV infection. Emerging evidence suggests that the excessive inflammatory response and ensuing immunopathology, typically as a consequence of insufficient immunoregulation, leads to long-term changes in immune cells and structural cells that render the host susceptible to subsequent environmental incursions. Thus, the initial host response to RSV may represent a tipping point in the balance between long-term respiratory health or chronic disease (e.g., asthma). The composition and diversity of the microbiota, which in humans stabilizes in the first year of life, critically affects the development and function of the immune system. Hence, perturbations to the maternal and/or infant microbiota are likely to have a profound impact on the host response to RSV and susceptibility to childhood asthma. Here, we review recent insights describing the effects of the microbiota on immune system homeostasis and respiratory disease and discuss the environmental factors that promote microbial dysbiosis in infancy. Ultimately, this knowledge will be harnessed for the prevention and treatment of severe viral bronchiolitis as a strategy to prevent the onset and development of asthma.
Wear and machining of engineering ceramics by abrasive waterjets (1993)

The purpose of this investigation was to simulate a machining front from an abrasive waterjet and its movements in a ceramic material. Wear factors affecting the abrasive waterjet nozzle were also to be established. Therefore, a low inclination angle (9[degree]) was used between the nozzle and test sample, simulating a moving machine front. A standard nozzle with an inner diameter of 0.76 mm was used in the test, and it was placed close to the samples. The outer diameter of the abrasive nozzle was 9.5 mm. The high wear rate from abrasive waterjets makes it possible to machine hard ceramics-including dense alumina, titanium boride, silicon nitride, and composites-at high machining speeds.
Morphology of bacterial attachment to cardiac pacemaker leads and power packs (1984)

The mode of growth of the bacteria adherent to the surfaces of various components of cardiac pacemakers infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Within developing adherent microcolonies, coccoid cells could be clearly seen to be enveloped by an amorphous material that condensed radically upon dehydration for electron microscopy, producing an amorphous residue in scanning electron micrographs and a fibrous anionic ruthenium red-staining residue in transmission electron micrographs. The differences in morphologies of the condensed residues may reflect differences in exopolysaccharides elaborated by the microorganisms and the degree to which materials of host origin are incorporated. The coccoid cells of coagulase-negative staphylococci were less clearly seen in thick, mature, adherent biofilms on heavily colonized surfaces because the condensed residue of their exopolysaccharide glycocalyces covered, and sometimes occluded, the bacteria cells. These coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains appeared to produce more exopolysaccharide material than did the strains infecting various intravascular catheters.
Active site of human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (1987)

Bromoacetophenone (2-bromo-1-phenylethanone) functions as an affinity reagent for human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) and has been found specifically to label a unique tryptic peptide in the enzyme. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the labeled peptide after purification by two different procedures revealed the following sequence: Val-Thr-Leu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Gly-Lys. Radioactivity was found to be associated with the glutamate residue, which was identified as Glu-268 by reference to the known amino acid sequence. This paper constitutes the first identification of an active site of aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on mouse mitochondrial membrane properties (1997)

Long-chain polyunsaturated (n-3) fatty acids have been proposed to be involved in a wide variety of biological activities. In this study, mitochondrial docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were increased by either dietary manipulation or by fusing the mitochondria with phospholipid vesicles made from 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (18:0/22:6 PC). The fused mitochondria exhibited a DHA-induced decrease in respiratory control index (RCI) and membrane potential and an increase in proton movement. The modified mitochondria also demonstrated an increase in fluidity (as detected by 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene anisotropy) and changes in membrane structure detected by the fluorescence probes MC540 and pyrene decanoate. Proton movement in lipid vesicles made from mitochondrial lipid extracts was shown to be enhanced by incorporated 18:0/22:6 PC. Mitochondria were isolated from young (5-mon) and old (24-mon) mice which were maintained on either a diet rich in saturated fats (hydrogenated coconut oil) or rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fats (menhaden oil). Mitochondrial bioenergetic function was followed by RCI, state 3 respiration, ATP level, and phosphate uptake. In addition, lipid composition, phospholipid area/molecule and extent of lipid peroxidation were also determined. Decreases in RCI for the menhaden oil diet-modified mitochondria paralleled those in which DHA levels were enhanced by fusion with phospholipid vesicles. RCI reductions are attributed to DHA-induced increases in H+ movement, producing diminished mitochondrial membrane potentials. One purpose of this project was to determine if the deleterious effects of aging on mitochondrial bioenergetic function could be reversed by addition of n-3 fatty acids. The experiments reported here indicate that incorporation of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids into mitochondrial membranes does not appear likely to reverse the effects of age on mitochondrial function.
MM-wave Initial Access: A Context Information Overview (2018)

The attractive features of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) technologies in the forthcoming 5G networks entail a rich set of network access challenges. These technologies are characterized by high-gain array antennas to overcome the huge attenuations, this requires to resort to directional transmissions during every network operation. The initial access phase is one of the most critical, because, if not properly managed, it can introduce a non-negligible access delay caused by multiple transmission attempts along several directions. We believe that contextual information about user and network conditions can boost this discovery phase. In this paper, we investigate how differently-rich context information can impact on the duration of the initial cell access. We propose several initial access procedures that can exploit different available information and cope with the presence of obstacles within the service area. Finally, relying on the contextual information on past access attempts, we develop a recommendation system based on machine-learning techniques, which, by processing this information, can derive the best directions to explore to connect incoming users.
Reducing Energy Consumption by Load Aggregation with an Optimized Dynamic Live Migration of Virtual Machines (2010)

Energy consumption of data centers has been in-creasing continuously during the last years due to rising demands of computational power especially in current Grid- and Cloud-Computing systems. One promising approach of reducing this energy consumption is the consolidation of servers by virtualization. Many low loaded computer systems are virtualized and run on few physical servers for reducing the number of energy-consuming computers. At present this consolidation is usually done statically, thus, the administrator of a data center manually migrates many virtual machines with low load onto one physical server which may lead to overloading when the workload is rising unexpectedly. Dynamic server migration that adapts the number of running physical machines to the current workload overcomes these problems. Physical machines can be highly loaded and in case of further rising load virtual machines are migrated to other physical server systems that have been switched on. Such dynamic load aggregation approaches are rarely used and typically only consider few criteria for migration. This paper presents a classification of migration criteria for live migration of virtual machines in load aggregation environments and proposes an algorithm for combining many different kinds of migration criteria to a clustering-based metric. Thus, the novel load aggregation algorithm optimizes energy consumption as well as other migration criteria like runtime performance of applications.
Bacterial disease resistance of transgenic hybrid poplar expressing the synthetic antimicrobial peptide D4E1 (2003)

Important losses in poplar productivity occur because of susceptibility to microbial pathogens. To enhance disease resistance in susceptible genotypes, the gene coding for D4E1, a synthetic antimicrobial peptide consisting of 17 amino acid residues, was introduced into poplar (Populus tremula L. x Populus alba L.) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Four kanamycin-resistant transformants were selected based on significant accumulation of the D4E1 transcript and confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and RNA dot-blot analysis. These transgenic poplar lines were tested for resistance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas populi pv. populi and Hypoxylon mammatum (Wahl.) Miller. One transgenic poplar line, Tr23, bearing the highest transcript accumulation for the D4E1 gene, showed a significant reduction in symptoms caused by A. tumefaciens and X. populi. However, none of the transgenic poplar lines showed a significant difference in disease response to the fungal pathogen H. mammatum.