gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Detection of Copper(II) at an Electrode Modified by a Carnosine–Silica Hybrid Material (2003)

Abstract A new solid‐phase extractant based on carnosine moieties covalently attached to a silica backbone (S‐Car) was introduced into a carbon paste electrode (CPE), and the resulting modified electrode (S‐Car‐MCPE) was applied to the preconcentration and subsequent voltammetric quantification of copper(II). The electrode modifier was a solid organic‐inorganic hybrid prepared by co‐condensation of tetraethoxysilane with an organotri‐ethoxysilane containing a carnosine dipeptide (β‐alanyl‐l‐histidine) derivative. This hybrid material has propensity for binding Cu II species from aqueous solutions. The basic voltammetric characterization of S‐Car‐MCPE, previously loaded with Cu II , indicates clearly that its electrochemical activity requires desorption of the analyte out of the solid material prior to undergoing charge transfer. A two‐step analytical procedure was then applied, involving the sequence “accumulation at open‐circuit – voltammetric detection by anodic stripping differential pulse voltammetry”. Both these steps have been optimized with respect to various experimental parameters (electrode composition, pH and composition of both detection and accumulation media, preconcentration time, detection mode, presence of interference). Linear response to copper(II) was found in the 5×10 −8 M to 10 −6 M concentration range, with a detection limit estimated at 4×10 −9 M (0.06 ppb). This new immobilization approach for peptide‐based materials on electrode surfaces is promising for further developments of organic‐inorganic hybrids in electroanalysis.
Implementing a management system architecture framework (2002)

Any practical vision for the evolution of communications services must include a strategy for how networking vendors make it possible for service providers to manage their networks. While the Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) framework has proponents, the IP services community has shown little interest. Furthermore, operations systems developers have long attempted to produce the best framework, but the technology is outdated before it exists. This paper addresses both issues by presenting an application-driven model for integrated management. This model can be applied to either a “classic” framework orientation or a management application view. What is common between these two views are a management portal, common data models, multiple interface technologies, open and simple network element interfaces, and common operations, administration, and administration (OA&M) tools. These are the elements for which there needs to be a consistent set of interface definitions. They form the basis for the construction of next-generation management applications.
PASISAR: A new tool for near-bottom seismic profiling in deep water (2002)

In order to obtain a better seismic image of the sea-bottom in deep water and particularly to decrease the size of the Fresnel reflecting zone, IFREMER decided in 1993 to equip its deep towed side-scan sonar SAR with a single channel seismic streamer performing as a conventional seismic streamer towed near the sea surface. In such a system, the seismic source can be either an air-gun, a water-gun or a sparker depending on the water depth and on the expected resolution and penetration. Several cruises were made in 1993 in order to validate the concept and to collect first near bottom seismic data in water depth ranging from 200 m to 5200 m. Compared to conventional surface seismic data, both spatial and vertical resolutions are considerably increased. Off-line data processing allows correction of some artefacts due to the specific geometry of the system. Using the SAR, it is now possible to collect simultaneously on the same profile up to 6000 m water depth: high resolution side-scan sonar data along a 1500 m wide corridor (resolution less than 1 m), microbathymetry along the profile, near-bottom 3.5 kHz subbottom echo-soundings data, near-bottom seismic data and conventional surface seismic data. It is becoming a highly performant tool for detailed studies of the geometry of sedimentary bodies, for site surveys and mapping in deep waters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Communication (2019)

The adoption of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for downlink multi-user communication from a multi-antenna base station is investigated in this paper. We develop energy-efficient designs for both the transmit power allocation and the phase shifts of the surface reflecting elements subject to individual link budget guarantees for the mobile users. This leads to non-convex design optimization problems for which to tackle we propose two computationally affordable approaches, capitalizing on alternating maximization, gradient descent search, and sequential fractional programming. Specifically, one algorithm employs gradient descent for obtaining the RIS phase coefficients, and fractional programming for optimal transmit power allocation. Instead, the second algorithm employs sequential fractional programming for the optimization of the RIS phase shifts. In addition, a realistic power consumption model for RIS-based systems is presented, and the performance of the proposed methods is analyzed in a realistic outdoor environment. In particular, our results show that the proposed RIS-based resource allocation methods are able to provide up to 300% higher energy efficiency in comparison with the use of regular multi-antenna amplify-and-forward relaying.
Design and implementation of digital photo kiosk system with auto color-correction module (2005)

The photo printing market has dramatically expanded in response to the spread of digital and mobile phone cameras. As a result, it is now normal to check the condition of a photo on the LCD display of a digital camera before developing, making the quality and price of developing a more serious issue. Accordingly, this paper proposes and implements a digital photo printing system with an auto color-correction module to solve the two above-mentioned concerns. As such, the color-correction module compensates for the gamut difference between the display device and the digital photo printer to provide high quality photos. Plus, since a look-up table (LOT) is used for real-time processing, the proposed system offers a one-touch interface for easy use. In tests, the proposed system produced natural-looking photos without any artifacts caused by cross media color conversion.
Update on the Role of Topotecan in the Treatment of Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (2002)

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women. Most patients with ovarian cancer respond to first-line chemotherapy, but many relapse within 18 to 22 months. The development of efficacious salvage therapies that increase overall survival while maintaining quality of life is a great challenge in the treatment of this disease. Topotecan, a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor, is currently indicated for the treatment of recurrent metastatic carcinoma of the ovary. In patients with relapsed ovarian cancer, the overall response rates on treatment with topotecan range from 19%-33% in platinum-sensitive patients, 14%-18% in platinum-resistant patients, and 5%-11% in platinum-refractory patients. The proportion of patients achieving stable disease ranges between 17% in refractory and 48% in sensitive patients. In phase III studies, topotecan was shown to be equivalent in efficacy to both paclitaxel and liposomal doxorubicin as second-line therapy in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer. Further, non-cross-resistance between topotecan and paclitaxel was demonstrated in a third-line, phase III crossover study, suggesting that topotecan may be effective in the first-line setting with paclitaxel and/or platinum. Hematologic toxicities include neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia; however, these toxicities are usually short lived, noncumulative, and manageable with dose modifications, including low-dose topotecan regimens. Nonhematologic toxicities are usually mild to moderate in severity. These data support the use of topotecan for second-line therapy and suggest that topotecan may also be effective in first-line therapy. Further studies with topotecan alone and in combination with other agents are needed to fully characterize the role and sequencing of topotecan in the salvage and first-line settings.
Sliding mode based learning control for interconnected systems (2013)

This paper proposes a novel sliding mode based learning control for a class of interconnected systems. The Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy modelling technique has been employed to model the interconnected subsystems. Then, based on the fuzzy models, sliding mode learning controllers have been developed to ensure that the closed-loop system is globally asymptotically stable with good tracking performance. Each sliding mode learning controller consists of a most recent control signal and a correction term. The correction term is designed to improve the most recent control signal by incorporating sliding variable information into the control of the subsequent iteration. In addition, a Lipschitz-like condition has been proposed to replace the requirement of information on the upper and the lower bounds of system parameters from the conventional sliding mode control. It differs significantly from the conventional parallel distributed compensation (PDC) in that it does not involve the problem of solving the linear matrix inequality (LMI) for the design of the learning controllers. A simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed control scheme.
Structural and electrical characterization of AuPdAlTi ohmic contacts to AlGaN∕GaN with varying Ti content (2004)

Au Pd Al Ti ∕ Al Ga N ∕ Ga N ohmic contact structures with varying Ti:Al ratios have been investigated. The relationship between Ti:Al ratio, interfacial microstructure, and contact resistance is examined. Rapid thermal annealing temperatures of 850°C or higher are required to produce an ohmic contact with annealing at 950°C producing the lowest contact resistance in the majority of samples. Samples annealed at 950°C have been analyzed using complementary transmission electron microscopy and electrical characterization techniques. A thin Ti-nitride region is found to form at the contact/semiconductor interface in all samples. Ti-nitride inclusions through the AlGaN∕GaN layer are also observed, surrounded by an Al∕Au rich metallurgical barrier layer, with the size of the inclusions increasing with Ti content. The size of these inclusions does not have any clear effect on the electrical characteristics of the contacts at room temperature, but samples with fewer inclusions show superior electrical characteristics at high temperatures.
Cyclic GMP‐independent relaxation of rat pulmonary artery by spermine NONOate, a diazeniumdiolate nitric oxide donor (2000)

In rat pulmonary artery pre-contracted with phenylephrine, the mechanisms of relaxation to the nitric oxide (NO) donor, spermine NONOate, were investigated. Responses to spermine NONOate were only partially blocked by the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, ODQ (1H:-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo-[4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one) at concentrations up to 30 microM. Ten microM ODQ gave maximal inhibition. Endothelium removal had no effect on the potency of spermine NONOate or its inhibition by ODQ. The protein kinase G inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-cGMPS (100 microM), caused minimal inhibition of spermine NONOate despite causing marked inhibition of glyceryl trinitrate and isosorbide dinitrate. Spermine NONOate (100 microM) caused a 35 fold increase in guanosine 3'5' cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) above basal levels in pulmonary artery rings. ODQ (3 microM) abolished this cyclic GMP production but did not inhibit corresponding relaxant responses. Similar results were seen with another NONOate (MAHMA NONOate; 10 microM). ODQ-resistant relaxation to spermine NONOate (i. e. relaxation seen in the presence of 10 microM ODQ) was inhibited by potassium (80 mM), charybdotoxin (300 nM), iberiotoxin (300 nM), apamin (100 nM), ouabain (1 mM) or thapsigargin (100 nM) but not by 4-aminopyridine (3 mM), glybenclamide (10 microM) or diltiazem (10 microM). Potassium, charybdotoxin, ouabain and thapsigargin also inhibited ODQ-resistant relaxation to FK409 ((+/-)-E:-4-ethyl-2-[E:-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide). We conclude that, on rat pulmonary artery, spermine NONOate can produce cyclic GMP-independent relaxation that involves, at least in part, activation of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase and calcium-activated potassium channels.
Octa(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane as a Nanoconstruction Site (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTOcta(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane as a Nanoconstruction SiteRyo Tamaki, Yasuyuki Tanaka, Michael Z. Asuncion, Jiwon Choi, and Richard M. LaineView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 49, 12416–12417Publication Date (Web):November 13, 2001Publication History Received23 July 2001Published online13 November 2001Published inissue 1 December 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja011781mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja011781mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3964Altmetric-Citations275LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ceramics,Materials,Nanocomposites,Organic reactions,Thermogravimetric analysis Get e-Alerts
Chronic Kidney Disease (2014)

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) as either (1) a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 〈60 mL/min with or without kidney damage for 3 or more months or (2) the presence of kidney damage for 3 or more months demonstrated by pathologic abnormalities, markers of kidney damage (e.g., blood or urine composition), or imaging tests. In the United States it is estimated that CKD affects 7–10% of the adult population or 15–20 million individuals, although specific subgroups such as African Americans and Hispanics are at especially high risk. Chapter 60 in this section of the volume reviews the complications of CKD.
Functional Mapping of the Surface Residues of Human Thrombin (1995)

Utilizing site-directed mutagenesis, 77 charged and polar residues that are highly exposed on the surface of human thrombin were systematically substituted with alanine. Functional assays using thrombin mutants identified residues that were required for the recognition and cleavage of the procoagulant substrate fibrinogen (Lys21, Trp50, Lys52, Asn53 + Thr55, Lys65, His66, Arg68, Tyr71, Arg73, Lys77, Lys106 + Lys107, Asp193 + Lys196, Glu202, Glu229, Arg233, Asp234) and the anticoagulant substrate protein C (Lys21, Trp50, Lys65, His66, Arg68, Tyr71, Arg73, Lys77, Lys106 + Lys107, Glu229, Arg233), interactions with the cofactor thrombomodulin (Gln24, Arg70) and inhibition by the thrombin aptamer, an oligonucleotide-based thrombin inhibitor (Lys65, His66, Arg70, Tyr71, Arg73). Although there is considerable overlap between the functional epitopes, distinct and specific residues with unique functions were identified. When the functional residues were mapped on the surface of thrombin, they were located on a single hemisphere of thrombin that included both the active site cleft and the highly basic exosite 1. No functional residues were located on the opposite face of thrombin. Residues with procoagulant or anticoagulant functions were not spatially separated but interdigitated with residues of opposite or shared function. Thus thrombin utilizes the same general surface for substrate recognition regardless of substrate function although the critical contact residues may vary.
Systemic Therapy for Patients With Advanced Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline (2014)

HER2-targeted therapy is recommended for patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer, except for those with clinical congestive heart failure or significantly compromised left ventricular ejection fraction, who should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and taxane for first-line treatment and T-DM1 for second-line treatment are recommended. In the third-line setting, clinicians should offer other HER2-targeted therapy combinations or T-DM1 (if not previously administered) and may offer pertuzumab, if the patient has not previously received it. Optimal duration of chemotherapy is at least 4 to 6 months or until maximum response, depending on toxicity and in the absence of progression. HER2-targeted therapy can continue until time of progression or unacceptable toxicities. For patients with HER2-positive and estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer, clinicians may recommend either standard first-line therapy or, for selected patients, endocrine therapy plus HER2-targeted therapy or endocrine therapy alone.
Prosthetic replacement in acute fractures of the proximal humerus. (1990)

The surgical treatment of selected displaced fractures of the proximal humerus with a humeral head prosthesis is a challenging procedure. Adequate knowledge of the pertinent anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder as well as a clear roentgenographic evaluation of the displaced fracture patterns are essential. Successful prosthetic replacement requires adherence to technical factors involving soft tissue mobilization, prosthetic insertion, and tuberosity repair. Also, it is important to have a closely supervised rehabilitation program to achieve early passive motion and strengthening after fracture healing.
CMOS-compatible plenoptic detector for LED lighting applications (2015)

LED lighting systems with large color gamuts, with multiple LEDs spanning the visible spectrum, offer the potential of increased lighting efficiency, improved human health and productivity, and visible light communications addressing the explosive growth in wireless communications. The control of this "smart lighting system" requires a silicon-integrated-circuit-compatible, visible, plenoptic (angle and wavelength) detector. A detector element, based on an offset-grating-coupled dielectric waveguide structure and a silicon photodetector, is demonstrated with an angular resolution of less than 1° and a wavelength resolution of less than 5 nm.
Challenging Challenge Questions: An Experimental Analysis of Authentication Technologies and User Behaviour (2010)

Abstract To authenticate human users to systems, challenge questions based on personal information are often used, typically when a primary authentication credential, such as a password, is forgotten. This ought to be a trustworthy mechanism, that is both reliable and accurate: personal information should be inherently memorable and not known to others. However, concerns have been raised recently about these assumptions: for example, some commonly used questions may be based on information that is available publicly. A possible improvement, then, is to allow users to choose their own questions. Here we report on an experiment which gathered user chosen questions and a subsequent security and usability analysis of them. Our experiment itself follows a novel method which is designed to engender the trust of participants, so they participate honestly. This methodological innovation demonstrates that it is possible to perform ethical authentication experiments where sensitive information does not have to be collected from users. Our experiments revealed some surprising results. Although subjects sometimes seemed aware of the need for security, they often ‘missed the mark’ by a wide margin; similarly, there are serious concerns over the usability of freely chosen questions with free‐form answers. These results should raise some serious questions for those setting the policy agenda for either testing or building authentication solutions for Internet applications.
A simplified universal genomic DNA extraction protocol suitable for PCR (2011)

Conventional genomic DNA extraction protocols need expensive and hazardous reagents for decontamination of phenolic compounds from the extracts and are only suited for certain types of tissue. We developed a simple, time-saving and cost-efficient method for genomic DNA extraction from various types of organisms, using relatively innocuous reagents. The protocol employs a single purification step to remove contaminating compounds, using a silica column and a non-hazardous buffer, and a chaotropic-detergent lysing solution that hydrolyzes RNA and allows the selective precipitation of DNA from cell lysates. We used this system to extract genomic DNA from different tissues of various organisms, including algae (Dunaliella salina), human peripheral blood, mouse liver, Escherichia coli, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mean DNA yields were 20-30 μg/cm(3) from fresh tissues (comparable to yields given by commercial extraction kits), and the 260/280 nm absorbance ratio was 1.8-2.0, demonstrating a good degree of purity. The extracted DNA was successfully used in PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and for recombinant selection studies.
Weighted Least Squares Fit of a Real Tone to Discrete Data, by Means of an Efficient Fast Fourier Transform Search (1986)

Abstract : The weighted least squares fit of a real tone with arbitrary amplitude, frequency, and phase, to a given set of real discrete data, is reduced to a one-dimensional maximization o fa function of frequency only. This function is manipulated into a form that can be efficiently calculated by one FFT of a complex sequence that is related to the available real data and the arbitrary real weight sequence utilized. The decoupling of the complex FFT outputs, to yield the two functions that are necessary to conduct the coarse search in frequency, is accomplished in an extremely simple fashion. A refined interpolation procedure then fits a parabola in the region near the maximum and gives a fine-grained estimate of frequency. An explanation of the apparently anomalous behavior near zero and Nyquist frequencies is given, which shows that in the limit, a constant plus linear trend is being fitted to the discrete data. A program is presented for the complete procedure, including evaluation of the best frequency, amplitude, and phase of the fitted tone. The technique is applicable to short data records, without any approximations, and for arbitrary weight sequences.
X-Ray Methods in Histochemistry (1953)

ABSTRACT The aim of histo- and cytochemical studies is to identify and eventually to quantitate substances on a microscopic level. This necessitates isolating extremely small areas for analysis, preferably in the intact biological tissue. Physical methods have proven to be of value in this respect, in particular the radiant energy micro-absorption techniques (Fitzgerald & Engström, 1952).