gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Standard Oil Development Company and Its Contribution to Chemical Technology (1944)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTThe Standard Oil Development Company and Its Contribution to Chemical TechnologyFRANK A. HOWARDView Author Information The Standard Oil Development Co., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, N. Y.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1944, 22, 2, 98–102Publication Date (Print):January 25, 1944Publication History Published online4 November 2010Published inissue 25 January 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v022n002.p098https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v022n002.p098newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1944 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Lipids Get e-Alerts
Wide band antenna array using bowtie-shaped microstrip patch antenna (2010)

A bowtie-shaped electromagnetic coupling microstrip patch antenna (ECMSA) was exploited. The antenna is realized by stacking two substrate layers which are separated by a ground plane. The bowtie-shaped radiation patch is fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line, which is coupled to the microstrip feedline through a dumbbell-shaped aperture on the ground plane. The antenna exhibits a good performance with ease of fabrication. Comprised by the proposed ECMSA and a 1 to 4 equal-distribution power divider, a 4 elements linear array is fabricated and investigated. Along with ingenious efforts made to improve the impedance bandwidth, several techniques are also applied to broaden the beamwidth of the antenna array. Measurements of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern, and gain are carried out in an anechoic chamber to validate the design process. Details of the numerical and experimental results are presented and discussed.
The Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Prevents Complement Receptor 3-Mediated Clearance of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serotype Typhi (2010)

Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors of invasive bacterial pathogens. Here we studied the role of the virulence (Vi) capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) in preventing innate immune recognition by complement. Comparison of capsulated S. Typhi with a noncapsulated mutant (ΔtviBCDE vexABCDE mutant) revealed that the Vi capsule interfered with complement component 3 (C3) deposition. Decreased complement fixation resulted in reduced bacterial binding to complement receptor 3 (CR3) on the surface of murine macrophages in vitro and decreased CR3-dependent clearance of Vi capsulated S. Typhi from the livers and spleens of mice. Opsonization of bacteria with immune serum prior to intraperitoneal infection increased clearance of capsulated S. Typhi from the liver. Our data suggest that the Vi capsule prevents CR3-dependent clearance, which can be overcome in part by a specific antibody response.
Materials for Architects and Builders (2014)

Materials for Architects and Builders provides a clear and concise introduction to the broad range of materials used within the construction industry and covers the essential details of their manufacture, key physical properties, specification and uses. Understanding the basics of materials is a crucial part of undergraduate and diploma construction or architecture-related courses, and this established textbook helps the reader to do just that with the help of colour photographs and clear diagrams throughout. This new edition has been completely revised and updated to include the latest developments in materials research, new images, appropriate technologies and relevant legislation. The ecological effects of building construction and lifetime use remain an important focus, and this new edition includes a wide range of energy saving building components.
The architecture of complex weighted networks (2004)

Networked structures arise in a wide array of different contexts such as technological and transportation infrastructures, social phenomena, and biological systems. These highly interconnected systems have recently been the focus of a great deal of attention that has uncovered and characterized their topological complexity. Along with a complex topological structure, real networks display a large heterogeneity in the capacity and intensity of the connections. These features, however, have mainly not been considered in past studies where links are usually represented as binary states, i.e., either present or absent. Here, we study the scientific collaboration network and the world-wide air-transportation network, which are representative examples of social and large infrastructure systems, respectively. In both cases it is possible to assign to each edge of the graph a weight proportional to the intensity or capacity of the connections among the various elements of the network. We define appropriate metrics combining weighted and topological observables that enable us to characterize the complex statistical properties and heterogeneity of the actual strength of edges and vertices. This information allows us to investigate the correlations among weighted quantities and the underlying topological structure of the network. These results provide a better description of the hierarchies and organizational principles at the basis of the architecture of weighted networks.
Immunoelectrophoresis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Comparative analysis of cell extract and culture filtrate antigens. (1975)

Immunoelectrophoretic analyses were performed on a cell extract and culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Rv strain using homologous polyvalent goat antisera. General similarity between the cell extract and culture filtrate antigens was found. Significant variation between two anti-culture filtrate antisera was observed. These antigens and antisera also differed significantly from previously described reference reagents. These findings demonstrate the necessity of using reference materials for precise identification of mycobacterial antigens in comparative studies.
Magnetorheological dampers with various designs of hybrid magnetic circuits (2012)

Novel concepts for the magnetic circuit in magnetorheological dampers have been proven. In contrast to the established magnetic circuits where the magnetic field for the control of the magnetorheological fluid is generated by the coil of an electromagnet, hybrid magnetic circuits consisting of at least one permanent or hard magnet and an electromagnet are used in the new approaches. Three different technical configurations are distinguished: (1) The electromagnet is combined with two permanent magnets, whose magnetization cannot be modified even by strong magnetic fields of the electromagnet. The main advantage is the improved fail-safe behavior of the damper in case of a power failure. (2) The electromagnet is combined with a hard magnet, whose magnetization can be modified by the electromagnet. This configuration leads to high energy efficiency, because electric power is only required in short pulses for the switching of the hard magnet. (3) All three types of magnetic field sources, permanent, hard, and electromagnet, are combined in the magnetic circuit, which gives the highest flexibility of the magnetic field generation and the damping control at the expense of a relatively large effort. Demonstrators for magnetorheological dampers with all three magnetic circuits were constructed and their performances were tested. The results of the investigations are described in this paper.
Experiments towards the synthesis of corrins. Part XIV. Oxidative decarboxylation of 1-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acids and oxidation of some Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrroline 1-oxides by hypobromite (1976)

The action of sodium hypobromite on 1-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acids results in rapid evolution of carbon dioxide and formation of Δ1-pyrroline 1-oxides. Oxidations of Δ1-pyrrolinecarboxylic acid 1-oxides and a 2-methylpyrroline 1-oxide have also been studied.
Design of Chipless RFID Tags Printed on Paper by Flexography (2013)

In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that a 19-bit chipless tag based on a paper substrate can be realized using the flexography technique, which is an industrial high-speed printing process. The chipless tag is able to operate within the ultra-wide band (UWB) and has a reasonable size ( 7×3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) compared to state-of-the-art versions. Thus, it is possible to use this design for various identification applications that require a low unit cost of tags. Both the simulation and measurement results are shown, and performance comparisons are provided between several realization processes, such as classical chemical etching, flexography printing, and catalyst inkjet printing.
High-risk cytogenetics and persistent minimal residual disease by multiparameter flow cytometry predict unsustained complete response after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma (2011)

The achievement of complete response (CR) after high-dose therapy/autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT/ASCT) is a surrogate for prolonged survival in multiple myeloma; however, patients who lose their CR status within 1 year of HDT/ASCT (unsustained CR) have poor prognosis. Thus, the identification of these patients is highly relevant. Here, we investigate which prognostic markers can predict unsustained CR in a series of 241 patients in CR at day +100 after HDT/ASCT who were enrolled in the Spanish GEM2000 (n = 140) and GEM2005 < 65y (n = 101) trials. Twenty-nine (12%) of the 241 patients showed unsustained CR and a dismal outcome (median overall survival 39 months). The presence of baseline high-risk cytogenetics by FISH (hazard ratio 17.3; P = .002) and persistent minimal residual disease by multiparameter flow cytometry at day +100 after HDT/ASCT (hazard ratio 8.0; P = .005) were the only independent factors that predicted unsustained CR. Thus, these 2 parameters may help to identify patients in CR at risk of early progression after HDT/ASCT in whom novel treatments should be investigated.
LES EMBRAYAGES A FRICTION AVEC RESSORT A DIAPHRAGME (1988)

Rappel des applications de ces embrayages (depuis 50 ans) et raisons de la part croissante prise dans la construction automobile. Analyse par le calcul de la force appliquee au ressort a diaphragme. Course longitudinale. Effet de l'usure de la garniture du disque. Applications numeriques a differents cas. Commentaires des resultats. Conclusions.
Laboratory culture of Gracilaria spp. and Ulva lactuca in seawater enriched media (2003)

Thallus bits of Gracilaria edulis, G. corticata, G.crassa and Ulva lactuca were\nmaintained in three enriched seawater growth media under laboratory conditions.\nWeekly observation on growth rate of these algae showed that Walne's medium\nenhanced Daily Growth Rate (DGR) of Ulva lactuca (54.42 f 3.82 mg/d),\nGracilaria corticata (58.71 f 3.35 mg/d) and G. crassa (72.42 f 2.07 mg/d). Gran'laria\nedulis registered higher growth rate in PES medium (50.42 f 3.82 mg/d) than in\nWalne's and Gamborg media. However, addition of 2% garden soil extract to Walne's\nmedium promoted the DGR in all the four species considerably (62.28 mg/d for\nUlva, 66.71 mg/d for Gracilaria corticata, 77.71 mg/d for G. crassa and 56.29 mg/d for\nG. edulis). The results are compared with the growth rate of seaweeds achieved\nelsewhere in in situ sea farming being carried out without addition of any nutrients\nextraneously.
The Ulp1 SUMO isopeptidase (2003)

Protein modification by the ubiquitin-like SUMO protein contributes to many cellular regulatory mechanisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both sumoylating and desumoylating activities are essential for viability. Of its two known desumoylating enzymes, Ubl-specific protease (Ulp)1 and Ulp2/Smt4, Ulp1 is specifically required for cell cycle progression. A approximately 200-residue segment, the Ulp domain (UD), is conserved among Ulps and includes a core cysteine protease domain that is even more widespread. Here we demonstrate that the Ulp1 UD by itself can support wild-type growth rates and in vitro can cleave SUMO from substrates. However, in cells expressing only the UD of Ulp1, many SUMO conjugates accumulate to high levels, indicating that the nonessential Ulp1 NH2-terminal domain is important for activity against a substantial fraction of sumoylated targets. The NH2-terminal domain also includes sequences necessary and sufficient to concentrate Ulp1 at nuclear envelope sites. Remarkably, NH2-terminally deleted Ulp1 variants are able, unlike full-length Ulp1, to suppress defects of cells lacking the divergent Ulp2 isopeptidase. Thus, the NH2-terminal regulatory domain of Ulp1 restricts Ulp1 activity toward certain sumoylated proteins while enabling the cleavage of others. These data define key functional elements of Ulp1 and strongly suggest that subcellular localization is a physiologically significant constraint on SUMO isopeptidase specificity.
Steroidal compounds (injectable and implants) affecting spermatogenesis in men. (1976)

The effect of androgen and different progestins on spermatogenesis was studied in young men with subfertility, prostatovesiculitis and haematospermia, and in older men with benign hypertrophy of the prostate. The compounds (testosterone, testosterone oenanthate, ethinyl oestradiol, megestrol acetate, ethinyl norgestrienone and Depo-Provera) were administered intramuscularly, orally or as subcutaneous silastic implants.
Investigation of Excipient Type and Level on Drug Release from Controlled Release Tablets Containing HPMC (2002)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of excipient type and level on the release of alprazolam formulated in controlled release matrix tablets containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Each tablet formulation contained alprazolam, HPMC (Methocel K4MP), excipients, and magnesium stearate. The soluble excipients investigated were lactose monohydrate, sucrose, and dextrose, and the insoluble excipients included dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous, and calcium sulfate dihydrate. The similarity factor (f2 factor) was used to compare the dissolution profile of each formulation. The insoluble excipients, especially dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, caused the drug to be released at a slower rate and to a lesser extent than the soluble excipients. Soluble excipients created a more permeable hydrated gel layer for drug release, increased the porosity resulting in faster diffusion of drug, and increased the rate of tablet erosion. Use of binary mixtures of lactose monohydrate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate produced release profiles of intermediate duration. Rapid drug dissolution was obtained when only 9.1% w/w of lactose monohydrate was present in the tablet formulation. Only when the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate level was sufficiently high (36.5% w/w) was the release rate and extent decreased. It was demonstrated that the type and level of excipient influenced the rate and extent of drug release from controlled release tablets containing HPMC. The release mechanism of alprazolam from each tablet formulation was described by either the Hixson-Crowell cube root kinetics equation or Peppas's equation. However, the different excipient types investigated did not influence the release mechanism of alprazolam from the final tablets.
Authoring system for the development of ITS (2002)

Suggests new paradigm for the development of intelligent authoring systems (IAS) for producing intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) with intelligent instruction. The ITS modules, independently generated by an IAS, consist of an expert module, a student module, a instructional strategy module, and an information interface module. The proposed authoring system separates out two knowledge networks with domain knowledge: a conceptual network and an instructional unit network, for the development of different types of ITS. These enable one to dynamically generate problems and plan a dynamic learning strategy. The paradigm accommodates an object-oriented approach in order to optimize the knowledge networks using inheritance among the knowledge units. The author can easily design the customizable student module according to his/her purpose, using the principle of inference to infer the student's knowledge status and diagnose the student's responses using the linguistic variable of fuzzy theory with the concepts of concentration and dilation. Dynamic instructional planning separates the knowledge network at the abstraction level, and proposes an algorithm that produces a curriculum plan.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discovery of synthesis and secretion of polyol esters of fatty acids by four basidiomycetous yeast species in the order Sporidiobolales (2017)

Polyol esters of fatty acids (PEFA) are amphiphilic glycolipids produced by yeast that could play a role as natural, environmentally friendly biosurfactants. We recently reported discovery of a new PEFA-secreting yeast species, Rhodotorula babjevae, a basidiomycetous yeast to display this behavior, in addition to a few other Rhodotorula yeasts reported on the 1960s. Additional yeast species within the taxonomic order Sporidiobolales were screened for secreted glycolipid production. PEFA production equal or above 1 g L<sup>-1</sup> were detected in 19 out of 65 strains of yeast screened, belonging to 6 out of 30 yeast species tested. Four of these species were not previously known to secrete glycolipids. These results significantly increase the number of yeast species known to secrete PEFA, holding promise for expanding knowledge of PEFA synthesis and secretion mechanisms, as well as setting the groundwork towards commercialization.
Treatment of Lentigo Maligna (Melanoma In Situ) With the Immune Response Modifier Imiquimod (2005)

Topical imiquimod appears to be an excellent therapeutic option for LM. Close evaluation of patients, including posttherapy histopathologic investigation, is essential. Imiquimod can be added to the list of therapeutic approaches for carefully selected patients with LM.
Two isoforms of plant RAD23 complement a UV‐sensitive <i>rad23</i> mutant in yeast (1998)

DNA repair by nucleotide excision (NER) has been demonstrated in plant cells at the biochemical level but until now none of the molecular components of the plant NER complex has been identified. In this paper, the cloning and characterization of two isoforms of RAD23 from carrot (Daucus carota L.) are reported. It has been suggested that RAD23 in yeast is an assembly factor of the NER complex required for transcription-coupled repair as well as efficient overall genome repair. A functional assay demonstrated that both plant homologues complement the UV-sensitive phenotype of a rad23 deletion mutant of yeast. This result suggests that homologous polypeptides may catalyse NER in plants and yeast and, possibly, by a similar mechanism.
Pre-clinical pharmacology and mechanism of action of SG3199, the pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer warhead component of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) payload tesirine (2018)

Synthetic pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers, where two PBD monomers are linked through their aromatic A-ring phenolic C8-positions via a flexible propyldioxy tether, are highly efficient DNA minor groove cross-linking agents with potent cytotoxicity. PBD dimer SG3199 is the released warhead component of the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) payload tesirine (SG3249), currently being evaluated in several ADC clinical trials. SG3199 was potently cytotoxic against a panel of human solid tumour and haematological cancer cell lines with a mean GI<sub>50</sub> of 151.5 pM. Cells defective in DNA repair protein ERCC1 or homologous recombination repair showed increased sensitivity to SG3199 and the drug was only moderately susceptible to multidrug resistance mechanisms. SG3199 was highly efficient at producing DNA interstrand cross-links in naked linear plasmid DNA and dose-dependent cross-linking was observed in cells. Cross-links formed rapidly in cells and persisted over 36 hours. Following intravenous (iv) administration to rats SG3199 showed a very rapid clearance with a half life as short as 8 minutes. These combined properties of cytotoxic potency, rapid formation and persistence of DNA interstrand cross-links and very short half-life contribute to the emerging success of SG3199 as a warhead in clinical stage ADCs.
Three‐dimensional coronary MR angiography using zonal echo planar imaging (1998)

Using an adapted two-dimensional spatially selective RF excitation scheme, a novel yet practical three-dimensional (3D) zonal echo-planar imaging technique for MR coronary angiography has been developed. The robustness of the technique compared with the two-dimensional (2D) segmented fast low angle shot (FLASH) method was evaluated using the right coronary artery images of 16 asymptomatic volunteers with a 0.5-T mobile scanner. Each 3D acquisition required multiple breath-holds, and real-time navigator echoes were used to ensure consistent breath-holding. Advantages of the technique include an improved signal-to-noise ratio, clearer depiction of tortuous coronary vessels due to decreased partial volume effects, and reduced motion blurring by the use of a short echo-planar readout.
Über Reaktionen von natürlichen Gerbstoffen und deren Bausteinen mit Trimethylchlorsilan (1959)

Abstract Die Hydroxylgruppen natürlicher Gerbstoffe und deren Bausteine lassen sich mit Trimethylchlorsilan allein unter Abspaltung von Chlorwasserstoff vollständig oder teilweise umsetzen. Mit einer organischen Base als Chlorwasserstoffacceptor (z. B. Pyridin) wird eine quantitative Umsetzung erzielt.
Biological Activity of 3,3′,5′-Triiodo-DL-Thyronine (1962)

Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the thyromimetic activity of 3,3′,5′-triiodo-DL-thyronine in rats as determined by its ability to slow the rate of loss of thyroidal radioactivity after administration of I131 and its suppression of thyroidal 24-hour I131 uptake. The administration of this substance in doses up to five times that of L-thyroxine failed to change the thyroidal I131 release rate under conditions in which the latter compound was strongly inhibitory. Similar results were obtained whether or not the recirculation of I131 was blocked by the administration of methimazole. In suppressing thyroidal I131 uptake it appeared to have 75% the activity of thyroxine, but inorganic iodide in comparable doses was observed to be equally effective. These results are interpeted as demonstrating a lack of significant thyromimetic activity in this compound, less than 10% that of thyroxine.