gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed and low switching loss operation of 1700 V 60 A SiC MOSFETs installed in low parasitic inductance module (2014)

A 1700 V 60 A SiC MOSFET has been fabricated and the high-speed switching characteristics are evaluated. The SiC MOSFET is designed to have low internal gate resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Gin</sub> ) in order to realize the high-speed switching without parasitic turn-on of the opposite SiC MOSFET in a half bridge. By using the developed SiC MOSFETs, a 1700 V 360A power module with very low parasitic inductance structure has been fabricated to enable high speed switching operations.
Table sugar as an alternative low cost medium component for in vitro micro-propagation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (2008)

Most developing countries are limited in maximizing tissue culture technology due to the overhead costs involved. In view of this, the aim of this research was to evaluate alternative cheap sources of carbon and energy in potato culture media in order to reduce the overall cost of micro-propagation. A randomized complete block design was used to compare laboratory grade sucrose with two types of local commercial table sugar, specifically white and brown sugar. Three selected Kenyan potato cultivars, Tigoni, Asante and Kenya Sifa were cultured on full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at 3% (w/v) in combination with the 3 different sugars. The variation in growth performance of the cultivars was then observed. Plantlet survival of 100% was recorded after four subculture generations on all sugars for all the cultivars. The mean number of nodes per plantlet was significantly higher in brown sugar for cultivars Kenya Sifa and Asante. Brown sugar enhanced significantly higher mean number of roots per plantlet after four subculture generations for all cultivars. There was no significant difference in percentage of plantlet survival after transplanting for cultivars Asante and Kenya Sifa but significantly lower for cultivar Tigoni on grade sucrose medium. Results also showed that table sugar not only enhanced micro-propagation but also significantly lowered the production input costs by 34 to 51% when compared with the analytical grade sucrose.
High speed solenoid valves in pneumatic servo applications (2007)

Pneumatic driving systems are mainly used in industrial applications where the moving parts are usually fixed by the mechanical stops. For flexible and precise positioning tasks of pneumatic drives relatively expensive proportional valves have been implemented. In order to develop cheaper pneumatic servo systems, the employment of low-cost on/off solenoid valves have received considerable attention. But, the traditional technologies used in on/off solenoid valves manifest different problems caused by the electric and thermal effects, inertial forces of their mechanical parts and friction phenomenon. However, it seems that innovative technology used in fast switching solenoid valves gives better possibilities in control of pneumatic systems due to their negligible internal friction and modular architecture. In this paper a control method based on pulse-width-modulation algorithm for position control of a pneumatic actuator with high-speed solenoid valve is considered and experimentally verified.
Characterization of a crystalline synthetic analog of copper(II)-bleomycin (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of a crystalline synthetic analog of copper(II)-bleomycinSteven J. Brown, Douglas W. Stephan, and Pradip K. MascharakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6, 1996–1997Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00214a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00214a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High yield expression of functionally active human liver CYP2D6 in yeast cells (1995)

In order to develop a model system for studying drug metabolism, we constructed recombinant yeast strains expressing human liver cytochromes P450. A high yield of cDNA-derived CYP2D6 was obtained, due to optimization of the initiation ATG codon context. The PCR-based site-mutagenesis method was used to introduce an AAA sequence immediately before the initiation codon resulting in increased translation of the GAL10-CYC1-derived mRNA. The use of a peptidase-deficient yeast strain also helped to increase the CYP2D6 content. A P450 content of 250 +/- 30 pmol per mg of microsomal protein was achieved. HPLC analysis confirmed that heterologously expressed CYP2D6 catalysed the oxidation of debrisoquine and dextromethorphan, two prototype substrates for CYP2D6. The Km for debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase was found to be 50 microM and Vmax 7.5 pmol mg-1 min-1. Dextromethorphan O-demethylase activity in CYP2D6-containing microsomes was characterized by Km 8.5 microM and Vmax 700 pmol mg-1 min-1. Biotransformation of debrisoquine and dextromethorphan was not detected in control microsomes. Yeast synthesizing CYP2D6 represents a useful in vitro system for studying xenobiotic metabolism.
Recombinant human secretory leukocyte-protease inhibitor: in vitro properties, and amelioration of human neutrophil elastase-induced emphysema and secretory cell metaplasia in the hamster. (1990)

Studies were undertaken to evaluate the in vitro properties of recombinant human secretory leukocyte-protease inhibitor (rSLPI) that had been made in Escherichia coli in an inactive form and refolded, and to determine whether emphysema and bronchial secretory cell metaplasia, induced in hamsters by intratracheal treatment with human neutrophil elastase (HNE), could be amelio-rated by prior intratracheal instillation of rSLPI. Chromatographic studies indicated that 3H-rSLPI formed a 1:1 complex with HNE. Blockage of the active site of HNE by a covalently bound tetrapeptide chloromethyl ketone reduced complex formation with 3H-rSLPI by more than 98%. Incubation of 3H-rSLPI-HNE complex with alpha 1-protease inhibitor for 3 hours at 37 degrees C decreased the amount of complex compared with incubation in the presence of bovine serum albumin (70% vs 27% dissociated). The calculated dissociation rate constant was 1.1 x 10(-4) sec-1, indicating a 1.8 hour dissociation half-life. Dissociated 3H-rSLPI retained its ability to recombine with HNE. rSLPI was as effective at inhibiting HNE released from stimulated neutrophils as 3H-rSLPI was at inhibiting purified HNE. Intratracheal pretreatment of hamsters with 3000 micrograms of rSLPI as long as 8 hours before the intratracheal instillation of 250 micrograms of HNE, resulted in significant protection against induction of emphysema and secretory cell metaplasia. One and 4 hours after instillation of rSLPI, 59% and 44%, respectively, of the initial functional activity was recovered in lung lavage supernatant, indicating a half-life of approximately 2 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human DNA glycosylases of the bacterial Fpg/MutM superfamily: an alternative pathway for the repair of 8-oxoguanine and other oxidation products in DNA (2002)

The mild phenotype associated with targeted disruption of the mouse OGG1 and NTH1 genes has been attributed to the existence of back-up activities and/or alternative pathways for the removal of oxidised DNA bases. We have characterised two new genes in human cells that encode DNA glycosylases, homologous to the bacterial Fpg (MutM)/Nei class of enzymes, capable of removing lesions that are substrates for both hOGG1 and hNTH1. One gene, designated HFPG1, showed ubiquitous expression in all tissues examined whereas the second gene, HFPG2, was only expressed at detectable levels in the thymus and testis. Transient transfections of HeLa cells with fusions of the cDNAs to EGFP revealed intracellular sorting to the nucleus with accumulation in the nucleoli for hFPG1, while hFPG2 co-localised with the 30 kDa subunit of RPA. hFPG1 was purified and shown to act on DNA substrates containing 8-oxoguanine, 5-hydroxycytosine and abasic sites. Removal of 8-oxoguanine, but not cleavage at abasic sites, was opposite base-dependent, with 8-oxoG:C being the preferred substrate and negligible activity towards 8-oxoG:A. It thus appears that hFPG1 has properties similar to mammalian OGG1 in preventing mutations arising from misincorporation of A across 8-oxoG and could function as a back-up repair activity for OGG1 in ogg1(-/-) mice.
Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene (<i>NBS1</i>) alterations and its protein (nibrin) expression in human ovarian tumours (2002)

We looked for NBS1 gene (602667) alterations and changes in nibrin expression in 162 human gynaecological tumours, mostly ovarian. Exons 6–8 and 10 of the NBS1 gene were evaluated by the SSCP and direct sequencing method. Nibrin expression was detected immunohistochemically with the use of the p95NBS1 (Ab‐1) antibody. The 657del5 mutation (Slavic mutation) was found in two of 117 carcinomas studied (1.7%) – in both cases it was present in the germline; one of these tumours showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for the 657del5 mutation and loss of nibrin expression. We have found three types of novel germline intron variants: (1) two concomitant transitions (G to A) at bases 14009 and 14256; (2) C to T transition at base 13998; (3) G to C transversion at base 20035. Among the carcinomas studied, the intron variants were associated with a clear cell histological type ( p = 0.004). Our results may suggest that NBS1 gene alterations contribute to the development of rare ovarian carcinomas. LOH for 657del5 in tumour tissue may support the hypothesis that the NBS1 gene functions as a tumour suppressor.
FACTORS RELATED TO CONSUMER LOYALTY FOR PRIVATE FOOD BRANDS (1972)

Examines customer loyalty for private label food brands in the Muncie, Indiana area and isolates factors pertaining to that loyalty.
Vinylindenes and some heteroanalogues in the Diels-Alder reaction. I. Preparation of 3-vinylindene and some homologues (1977)

3-Vinylindene, 3-isopropenylindene and 2-methyl-3-vinylindene have been prepared by dehydration of suitable carbinols. In each case the vinylindene is in equilibrium with the isomeric alkylideneindene.
Raman Spectral Studies of the Effects of Temperature on Water and Electrolyte Solutions (1966)

All known intermolecular Raman bands of water, viz., the hydrogen-bond bending and stretching bands, and the librational bands, decrease rapidly in intensity with temperature rise. In contrast, the librational intensities of water in electrolyte solutions exhibit very small variations with temperature. The intensity decreases observed for pure water indicate that hydrogen bonds are broken by increase of temperature, but the near constancy observed for solutions indicates that primary hydration is not greatly affected, even at temperatures near the normal boiling points of some of the solutions studied. Integrated Raman intensities of the hydrogen-bond-stretching vibrations of pure water at 152–175 cm−1 were redetermined in the temperature range of −6.0° to 94.7°C. The new intensity data, which are more accurate than the old [cf., J. Chem. Phys. 40, 3249 (1964)], yield the values ΔH°=5.6 kcal/mole and ΔS°≈19 cal/deg·mole for the process B→U, where B refers to water molecules which contribute intensity to the 152–175-cm−1 Raman band, and U refers to molecules which make very little or no contribution. Interpreted in terms of non hydrogen-bonded monomeric defects in a tetrahedral liquid lattice, the above ΔH° yields a value of 2.8 kcal/mole H bond in resonable agreement with Scatchard's value of 3.41 kcal/mole H bond. The value of ΔS° for the process B→U also leads to interesting comparisons with known entropies, but the calculated heat capacity of water is only in fair agreement with accepted values. The observed insensitivity of the solution librational intensities to changes of temperature indicates that primary hydration is involved almost exclusively. This conclusion complements the previous observations involving linearity of librational intensity with electrolyte concentration [cf., J. Chem. Phys. 36, 1035 (1962)], since both observations can be explained by primary hydration. In addition, molar librational intensities (obtained from the temperature studies) confirm the large anionic effects reported previously, with Br−&gt;Cl−, but they also indicate that the effects produced by NH4+ are much smaller than those arising from Li+, Na+, and K+. It is apparent, therefore, that at least some cationic effects can be observed in the Raman spectra.
Dependence of precursor chemistry and curing conditions on optical loss characteristics of polyimide waveguides (1990)

Planar Waveguides were fabricated from three polyimide samples differing significantly in terms of their precursor and curing chemistry. The samples were selected from the groups of non-photosensitive preimidized, photosensitive preimidized and photosensitive polyamic ester precursor based polyimides. We observed significant differences in the waveguiding characteristics of these films which demonstrate the critical role of precursor chemistry on the optical properties. Curing conditions such as heating rate and bake duration also affected the optical properties. A scattering loss of less than 0.7 dB/cm was measured for waveguides fabricated from the photosensitive preimidized samples. On the other hand the photosensitive polyamic ester bas,ed samples registered a loss of greater than 1.5 dB/cm. In general the scattering loss increased with the bake temperature. The magnitude of the increase was much higher for the photosensitive polyamic ester based samples. UV exposure also affected the waveguiding characteristics and caused formation of scattering centers as evidenced by the increase in the scattering losses associated with these waveguides. Planar waveguides based on photosensitive preimidized precursor, retained excellent lightguiding properties even after high processing temperatures (Optical losses in these waveguides remained below 1.0 dB/cm after a 300 °C bake).
Probing conformational changes in proteins by mass spectrometry (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProbing conformational changes in proteins by mass spectrometrySwapan K. Chowdhury, Viswanatham Katta, and Brian T. ChaitCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 24, 9012–9013Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00180a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00180a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1741Altmetric-Citations558LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting Phenotypically Tolerant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2017)

While the immune system is credited with averting tuberculosis in billions of individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the immune system is also culpable for tempering the ability of antibiotics to deliver swift and durable cure of disease. In individuals afflicted with tuberculosis, host immunity produces diverse microenvironmental niches that support suboptimal growth, or complete growth arrest, of M. tuberculosis. The physiological state of nonreplication in bacteria is associated with phenotypic drug tolerance. Many of these host microenvironments, when modeled in vitro by carbon starvation, complete nutrient starvation, stationary phase, acidic pH, reactive nitrogen intermediates, hypoxia, biofilms, and withholding streptomycin from the streptomycin-addicted strain SS18b, render M. tuberculosis profoundly tolerant to many of the antibiotics that are given to tuberculosis patients in clinical settings. Targeting nonreplicating persisters is anticipated to reduce the duration of antibiotic treatment and rate of posttreatment relapse. Some promising drugs to treat tuberculosis, such as rifampin and bedaquiline, only kill nonreplicating M. tuberculosisin vitro at concentrations far greater than their minimal inhibitory concentrations against replicating bacilli. There is an urgent demand to identify which of the currently used antibiotics, and which of the molecules in academic and corporate screening collections, have potent bactericidal action on nonreplicating M. tuberculosis. With this goal, we review methods of high-throughput screening to target nonreplicating M. tuberculosis and methods to progress candidate molecules. A classification based on structures and putative targets of molecules that have been reported to kill nonreplicating M. tuberculosis revealed a rich diversity in pharmacophores.
ROR1 is highly expressed in circulating tumor cells and promotes invasion of pancreatic cancer (2018)

Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is an aggressive malignancy, which is associated with high levels of metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which may be considered a functional biomarker and promising treatment strategy for metastasis, are associated with the prognosis and progression of various metastatic cancers, including PaC. Receptor tyrosine kinase‑like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) expression contributes to cell metastasis and poor clinical outcomes in malignant tumors. The present study aimed to explore the function of ROR1 in PaC CTCs. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to examine the expression of ROR1, E‑cadherin and N‑cadherin. Cell proliferative and invasive ability was assessed by MTT and Transwell assays, respectively. The results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of ROR1 were augmented in PaC tissues. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of ROR1 were higher in CTCs compared with in peripheral blood cells, and ROR1 was more highly expressed in CTCs than in cells. Notably, CTCs exhibited a markedly greater proliferative and invasive capacity than PANC‑1 and SW‑1990 cells, whereas knockdown of endogenous ROR1 by small interfering RNA led to suppression of the invasion of CTCs. In addition, it was revealed that the mechanism underlying the effects of ROR1 on PaC CTC metastasis may involve the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition process. In conclusion, ROR1 may be considered a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of PaC.
Radiation‐induced apoptosis in human ovarian carcinoma cells growing as a monolayer and as multicell spheroids (1997)

Response to external gamma irradiation was studied in a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (OVCAR 3) growing as a monolayer and as multicell spheroids. Necrosis and apoptosis were documented using Trypan-blue uptake and acridine-orange staining, respectively, and apoptosis was quantified using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay. Exposure of OVCAR 3 cells growing as a monolayer to 137Cs gamma radiation at a dose of 10 Gy produced 30–40% apoptosis 72 hr after irradiation. Cell-cycle analysis of irradiated cells showed an accumulation of cells in G2/M phase 24 hr after irradiation and then a decline at 48 hr in conjunction with apoptosis onset. The loss of G0/G1 cells in irradiated cultures suggested a preferential entry into apoptosis. No increase in apoptotic cell number was observed in OVCAR 3 spheroids after irradiation, and the cells probably died as a result of necrosis. When spheroids were disrupted immediately after irradiation to obtain a cell suspension, minor apoptosis was observed in association with a marked increase in TB-positive cell number after 96 hr of incubation following irradiation. Thus, a relationship was found between radiation-induced apoptosis and the cell cycle. Results with spheroids suggested the possible involvement of cell-to-cell interactions in apoptosis regulation. Int. J. Cancer 72:851–859, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ATP-MgCl2 and liver blood flow following shock and ischemia. (1989)

The information available indicates that following hepatic ischemia and reflow, there is decreased tissue ATP levels, decreased tissue and mitochondrial magnesium levels, and decreased mitochondrial capability. Associated with these changes are altered cellular functions. Administration of ATP-MgCl2 following ischemia significantly improves total and microcirculatory blood flow, tissue and mitochondrial magnesium levels, tissue ATP stores, cellular functions, and the survival of animals. In contrast to ATP-MgCl2, administration of ATP or MgCl2 alone after ischemia was ineffective in improving cellular functions and tissue and mitochondrial magnesium levels. ATP-MgCl2 therefore appears to be a promising adjunct to the treatment of shock and ischemia.
Advances and Applications of Biodegradable Elastomers in Regenerative Medicine (2010)

Abstract When elastomers were first proposed as useful materials for regenerative medicine a few decades ago, their high versatility and suitability for a diverse and wide range of in vivo applications could not have been predicted. Due to their ability to recover after deformation, these materials were first introduced in tissue engineering in an attempt to mimic the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, elastomeric characteristics have been described as important criteria for cell interaction by modulating cellular behavior. From soft to hard tissues, elastomers have demonstrated degradation, mechanical, and biocompatibility requirements in accordance with the target tissue. In this feature article, biodegradable synthetic polyester elastomers that have been reported in the literature are discussed, with special focus on those that show promise for in vivo tissue replacement. Their satisfactory performance in vivo shows the promise of elastomers for use in regenerative medicine. However, further investigation is required to demonstrate the prospect of elastomer‐based therapies in clinical trials.