gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupling a deterministic propagation model with diffuse scattering and urban furniture for small cells (2011)

This paper describes the enhancement of a deterministic propagation model to take into account essential elements of the urban environment in small cell configurations. For lower antenna heights lots of interactions of the electromagnetic waves occur with urban furniture and vehicles. Coupled to diffuse scattering and urban furniture models, the output of channel wideband characteristics from a deterministic propagation prediction can be refined and significant impacts can be observed locally.
Treatment of Nummular Psoriasis with a Clobetasol Propionate Stick (1992)

Twenty-two consecutive patients with nummular psoriasis were treated with a 0.05% clobetasol propionate stick on the right side of the body and with 0.05% clobetasol propionate ointment (Dermovate, Glaxo) on the left according to an intermittent application schedule. The trial was open and lasted for 3 weeks. The patients were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the trial. The variables studied included: an overall clinical assessment, assessment of the lesion area, scaling, erythema and thickness and the amount of clobetasol propionate used during the trial, and a questionnaire on patients' opinions about hygienic and cosmetic qualities of the stick. No significant difference was found between the stick and corresponding ointment. From a hygienic and cosmetic point of view, the patients preferred the stick formulation.
Serological Relationships Among Feline Caliciviruses (1974)

A total of 46 strains of feline calicivirus isolates from the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, and New Zealand were used in an investigation of their serological relationships based on the serum neutralization test. Although demonstrable antigenic variation exists between these isolates, it is shown that significant in vitro cross-activity exists between all these isolates to greater or lesser extent. All isolates tested may be regarded as serological variants of a single serotype of feline calicivirus. It is postulated that this relationship would provide for considerable cross-protection during successive exposures of cats to various feline caliciviruses.
A novel modular permanent-magnet electric machine design (2009)

Modern electric drive applications have presented a growing need for cost-effective solutions which are efficient, easy to maintain, and fault-tolerant. This paper presents the concept and implementation details of a modular permanent-magnet electric machine that is cheap to manufacture and easy to assemble. This topology allows flexibility in the choice of material for the stator and rotor structures. Analysis of this unconventional machine model has been carried out using 3D finite element analysis (FEA) and is benchmarked with an experimental prototype. The validated model is used to explore optimization of various geometrical, magnetic and mechanical properties of the system in order to improve overall performance, while retaining the ease of manufacture and assembly. The concept of field factor has been introduced, which can be used for comparison and optimization of magnetic topologies similar to the concept proposed. Simulation and experimental details are provided to validate claims.
Biochemical Factors Influencing Measurement of Cardiac Troponin I in Serum (1999)

Troponin I (cTnI), a sensitive and reliable marker of damaged cardiac tissue, is now widely used in clinics. But the existence of different cTnI assays with a wide variety of cut-off values and discrepancies between the results of measurements of one and the same sample by different assays is puzzling for clinicians. The most urgent issue at the moment is the development of the international standard, which can be used for the calibration of different assays, thus decreasing between assay biases. But another important item, which should be considered by manufacturers, is the standardisation of the epitopes of the antibodies used for the assay development. The importance of such standardisation originates from the complicated biochemical nature of cTnI. Here we briefly try to analyse the main factors that can influence antigen recognition by different antibodies and formulate principles of antibody selection for assay development.
Structure-Function Analysis of Invasion Plasmid Antigen C (IpaC) from Shigella flexneri (2003)

Shigella flexneri causes a self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans, characterized by severe localized inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa. Shigellosis most often targets young children in underdeveloped countries. Invasion plasmid antigen C (IpaC) has been identified as the primary effector protein for Shigella invasion of epithelial cells. Although an initial model of IpaC function has been developed, no detailed structural information is available that could assist in a better understanding of the molecular basis for its interactions with the host cytoskeleton and phospholipid membrane. We have therefore initiated structural studies of IpaC, IpaC I', (residues 101-363 deleted), and IpaC Delta H (residues 63-170 deleted). The secondary and tertiary structure of the protein was examined as a function of temperature, employing circular dichroism and high resolution derivative absorbance techniques. ANS (8-anilino-1-napthalene sulfonic acid) was used to probe the exposure of the hydrophobic surfaces under different conditions. The interaction of IpaC and these mutants with a liposome model (liposomes with entrapped fluorescein) was also examined. Domain III (residues 261-363) was studied using linker-scanning mutagenesis. It was shown that domain III contains periodic, sequence-dependent activity, suggesting helical structure in this section of the protein. In addition to these structural studies, investigation into the actin nucleation properties of IpaC was conducted, and actin nucleation by IpaC and some of the mutants was exhibited. Structure-function relationships of IpaC are discussed.
Molecular structure of cyclic deoxydiadenylic acid at atomic resolution (1988)

The molecular structure of a small cyclic nucleotide, cyclic deoxydiadenylic acid, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and refined to an R factor of 7.8% at 1.0-A resolution. The crystals are in the monoclinic space group C2 with unit cell dimensions of a = 24.511 (3) A, b = 24.785 (3) A, c = 13.743 (3) A, and beta = 94.02 (2) degrees. The structure was solved by the direct methods program SHELXS-86. There are 2 independent cyclic d(ApAp) molecules, 2 hydrated magnesium ions, and 26 water molecules in the asymmetric unit of the unit cell. The two cyclic d(ApAp) molecules have similar conformations within their 12-membered sugar-phosphate backbone ring, but they have quite different appearances due to the different glycosyl torsion angles that make one molecule more compact and the other extended and open. Three of the four deoxyribose rings are in the less common C3'-endo conformation. All four phosphate groups have their phosphodiester torsion angles alpha/zeta in the gauche(+)/gauche(+) conformation. One of the cyclic d(ApAp) molecules associates with another symmetry-related molecule to form a self-intercalated dimer that is a stable structure in solution, as observed in NMR studies. Many interesting intermolecular interactions, including base-base stacking, ribose-base stacking, base pairing, base-phosphate hydrogen bonding, and metal ion-phosphate interactions, are found in the crystal lattice. This structure may be relevant for understanding the conformational potentiality of an endogenous biological regulator of cellulose synthesis, cyclic (GpGp).
Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on development of stroke in men (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on risk of stroke among middle-aged men over 20 years of follow-up. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The Framingham Study, a population-based longitudinal study. <h3>Participants.</h3> —All 832 men, aged 45 through 65 years, who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (1966 through 1969). <h3>Measurements and Data Analysis.</h3> —The diet of each subject was assessed at baseline by a single 24-hour recall. The estimated total number of servings per day of fruits and vegetables was the exposure variable for this analysis. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, we examined age-adjusted cumulative incidence of stroke by quintile of servings per day. To adjust for multiple covariates, we used proportional hazards regression to calculate the relative risk (RR) of stroke for each increment of three servings per day. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Incidence of completed strokes and transient ischemic attacks. <h3>Results.</h3> —At baseline, the mean (±SD) number of fruit and vegetable servings per day was 5.1 (±2.8). During follow-up there were 97 incident strokes, including 73 completed strokes and 24 transient ischemic attacks. Age-adjusted risk of stroke decreased across increasing quintile of servings per day (log rank<i>P</i>for trend,.01). Age-adjusted RR for all stroke, including transient ischemic attack, was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62 to 0.98) for each increase of three servings per day. For completed stroke the RR was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.96); for completed stroke of ischemic origin the RR was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.57 to 1.02); and for completed stroke of hemorrhagic origin, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.95). Adjustment for body mass index, cigarette smoking, glucose intolerance, physical activity, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and intake of energy, ethanol, and fat did not materially change the results. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Intake of fruits and vegetables may protect against development of stroke in men. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1113-1117)
A Review on Bevacizumab and Surgical Wound Healing (2009)

Bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, CA), a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, was recently approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.A PubMed and OVID search was performed using keywords: bevacizumab, Avastin, wound healing, VEGF, angiogenesis, and colorectal cancer. Our objective was to review the current literature in regard to bevacizumab and its adverse effects on surgical wound healing.Bevacizumab has been associated with multiple complications in regard to wound healing, such as dehiscence, ecchymosis, surgical site bleeding, and wound infection. Current literature suggests patients should wait at least 6 to 8 weeks (>40 days) after cessation to have surgery (half-life = 20 days). In addition, postoperative reinitiation of bevacizumab must wait > or =28 days to prevent an increased risk of wound healing complications, and the surgical incision should be fully healed.The adverse effects of bevacizumab in regard to wound healing must be considered in all surgical patients.
Equine anti-hapten antibody. IX. IgM anti-lactose antibodies. (1975)

The immune response to a bacterial vaccine of Streptococcus faecalis (strain N) was characterized in all of the seven horses studied by the sustained production of about 90% IgM anti-lactose antibody over a period of 44 weeks with maximum values of the total antibody ranging from 4 mg/ml of serum to 12 mg/ml of serum. With respect to the binding of a lactose-containing ligand the association constants of the antibodies purified from sera obtained between 5 and 44 weeks fell in the range of 1 times 10-5 M-1 to 2 times 10-5 M-1. Not only was there no significant indication of maturation of a-finity in this period but there was a selective limitation of affinity compared to that of 7S antibodies. It was inferred that the synthesis of IgM antibody involves the selective utilization of V-H and/or V-L genes.
Wave-front errors of reference spherical waves in high-numerical aperture point diffraction interferometers (2004)

In phase-shifting point diffraction interferometry (PS/PDI), a pinhole with a diameter of 34 nm is necessary to measure a wave-front aberration of extreme ultraviolet projection optics of numerical aperture (NA) 0.20. However, it is extremely difficult to process such a small pinhole, and light transmission through the pinhole becomes too low. Here, the diameter of a pinhole is optimized, together with the thickness of a Ta membrane, for a converging wave of NA 0.20 with no aberration so that the difference between a wave front produced by the pinhole and that of a spherical wave is minimized. On that condition, the optimum values are a diameter of 50 nm and a thickness of 200 nm. For these values, behaviors are examined in real cases, including focal point shifts and aberrations with incident light. Astigmatism in the aberrations has the most impact on a wave-front error, and a 0°–90° astigmatism (Z5) coefficient in the FRINGE Zernike polynomials of test optics is required to be less than 50 mλ to use the pinhole in PS/PDI. For optics with a higher NA (∼0.25), the use of a Ta membrane is not adequate because of poor performance in small pinholes, and materials that have higher extinction coefficients are preferable.
Genetic transformation in commercial Tasmanian cultivars of opium poppy, <i>Papaver somniferum,</i> and movement of transgenicpollen in the field (2003)

We report a new transformation protocol for the pharmaceutically important opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L.; the protocol allows transformation for the first time of high yielding commercial cultivars. The method involves Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of hypocotyl explants, followed by the production of antibiotic- or herbicide-resistant embryogenic callus and the subsequent induction of somatic embryos and plants. Key elements of the improvement are the use of buffering agents to stabilise medium pH and bottom-cooling of the cultures. Transformation was verified by PCR and Southern blot hybridisation. Transcription of transgenes was confirmed by RT-PCR and product sequencing. Expression of transgenes was detected by histochemical GUS staining, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) enzyme assays for bar and pat genes, and western analysis of transgenic sunflower seed albumin protein. Expression of various transgenes was detected in stem, leaf, seed, capsule and latex. The pat gene was demonstrated to be stably inherited to the T<sub>2</sub> generation and to confer phosphinothricin (PPT) herbicide resistance. Most T<sub>0</sub> plants showed normal morphology, were self-fertile and the transgenes displayed the expected Mendelian segregation. The percentage of explants producing somatic embryos that developed into plantlets able to be transplanted to soil, ranged from 6-11% in two Tasmanian cultivars.A field trial using pat transgenic plants was designed to estimate the frequency of hybridisation at various distances into buffer rows of non-transgenic poppies and to related weed species, P. somniferum spp. setigerum and P. dubium. The frequency of hybridisation to completely compatible poppy fell sharply with distance, being 2.6% at 20 cm, 2.13% at 0.5 m and falling to 0% at 2.5 and 5 m. No hybridisation could be detected to two weed species under open pollination conditions, including the compatible P. somniferum spp. setigerum, when grown as close as 20 cm, despite flowering at the same time as the transgenic plants in the presence of foraging bees.
FPGA/DSP-based coincidence unit and data acquisition system for the Sherbrooke animal PET scanner (2000)

The use of field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) is a natural step in the evolution of modern PET scanners to improve system flexibility, increase design speed, and reduce electronic circuit size and cost. Hybrid high-performance programmable digital interfaces integrating an on-board FPGA and digital signal processor (DSP) were used to rebuild the coincidence units and data acquisition system of the Sherbrooke animal PET scanner. Logic was implemented within the FPGA to process singles and coincidence events, both trues and randoms. Coincidence validation is realized directly in the FPGA by an AND gate of the time signals generated by the scanner CF triggers. Twelve coincidence units from eight groups of detectors were equally divided between four FPGA/DSP modules to evenly distribute the event rate from the detectors. The event data is streamingly transmitted to the DSP for real-time histogramming into host memory or list mode data storage on disk. Event rates in excess of 10/sup 7//second can be achieved, which allows ultra-fast calibration and single-photon transmission measurements to be performed. The whole system occupies three full-length PCI slots in a standard PC computer.
UCLA Secure Unix (1979)

There has been considerable interest for some time in developing an operating system which could be conclusively shown secure, in the sense that the information stored on behalf of a heterogeneous user population was safely protected from unauthorized access or modification, even in the face of skilled attempts to do so. Early attempts to attain this goal consisted largely of auditing an existing system through attempts at circumventing the controls, and then revising the implementation code to block any successful paths that were found. Unfortunately, this approach failed to produce a secure system, largely because third generation operating systems contain so many errors that "penetration audits" followed by patches inevitably led to a system whose controls were still easily penetrated.
Micro-tensile bond strengths of bonding agents to pulpal floor dentine (2002)

Despite an irregular surface morphology and absence of a smear layer, bonding to pulpal floor dentine was weaker than previously reported for cut coronal dentine. The self-etching-priming system bonded more strongly than the 'one-bottle' system.
Architectures for ASIC Implementations of Low-Density Parity-Check Convolutional Encoders and Decoders (2005)

Low-density parity-check convolutional codes (LDPC-CCs) are an attractive alternative to their block-oriented counterparts, LDPC-BCs. In this paper, we introduce these codes and propose an encoder and decoder architecture that is implementable as an ASIC. We report upon a realization of this new architecture capable of an information throughput of 430 Mbps and 164 Mbps for the encoder and decoder, respectively. We discuss a top-level chip specification and then extend ideas to parallelize the design.
Intracerebroventricular Administration of the Rat Growth Hormone (GH) Receptor Antagonist G118R Stimulates GH Secretion: Evidence for the Existence of Short Loop Negative Feedback of GH (2000)

Pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion is regulated by three hypothalamic factors, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin and the natural ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor (Ghrelin). These factors and their effects are, in turn, affected by short loop feedback of GH itself. To test the hypothesis that hypothalamic GH receptors are involved in the ultradian rhythmicity of pituitary GH secretion, the rat GH receptor antagonist (G118R) was administered to adult male rats by intracerebroventricular (i.c. v.) injection and the effects on spontaneous GH secretion were studied. Normal saline was administered i.c.v. to eight control rats. Mean GH concentrations increased significantly in the rat treated with G118R compared to rats that received normal saline. The pulse amplitude rose by a mean of 33.3 ng/ml and the total area under the curve increased by a mean of 15 061 ng/ml x min. The number of GH peaks did not change significantly following G118R. These data suggest that GH regulates its own secretion by acting directly on hypothalamic GH receptors.
Expression of the <i>OsPI1</i> gene, cloned from rice roots using cDNA microarray, rapidly responds to phosphorus status (2003)

Summary Plants have developed several methods of adapting to conditions of low phosphorus (P). However, details of the regulation of the gene expression system that responds to P status of plants is unknown. Here, a phosphorus limitation inducible novel gene was isolated and characterized to provide further information of plant adaptation to low P. Rice plants ( Oryza sativa ) were grown hydroponically with or without P. A novel gene was isolated by cDNA microarray analysis and designated as OsPI1 ( O ryza s ativa P hosphate‐limitation I nducible Gene 1 ). mRNA accumulation was examined by Northern blot and quantitative real time PCR. The OsPI1 gene was rapidly induced by phosphate starvation in both shoots and roots. When phosphate was supplied to phosphate‐deficient plants, the OsPI1 transcripts rapidly disappeared. OsPI1 cDNA consisted of 375 bp and contained several small open reading frames (ORFs). The OsPI1 gene shows the same characteristics as the TPSI1 / Mt4 family (the phosphate starvation inducible novel gene family). It is suggested that OsPI1 acts as riboregulator, that is, it binds with other molecules under phosphate starvation and regulates their function.
Synthesis of LiV3O8 nanosheets as a high-rate cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries (2012)

LiV3O8 nanosheets with a thickness of 15–30 nm and width of 200–500 nm were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach combined with a solid state process, using uniform (NH4)0.5V2O5 nanosheets as the precursor. The nanosheets show a discharge capacity of 260.0, 232.4, 173.9 and 148.7 mA h g−1 at 0.4, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 C, respectively. Good cycling stability is also demonstrated by the capacity retention of 85.3% at 1000 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. The unique nanosheet structure greatly contributes to the short Li+ diffusion pathways and a good contact between the active material and electrolyte, as well as a good tolerance of the morphology change, which mainly result in high rate performance and good cycling stability for LiV3O8 nanosheets.
Enhanced Epidermal Langerhans Cell Migration in IL-10 Knockout Mice (1999)

The migration of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) to lymph nodes (LN) is critical in the initiation of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses. Studies suggest that contact allergen-induced epidermal proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 and TNF-alpha, play important roles in promoting LC migration. Contact allergens also induce epidermal anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Since IL-10 down-regulates proinflammatory cytokine production and inhibits CHS, we hypothesized that IL-10 might inhibit LC migration. To test this hypothesis, IL-10 knockout (KO) mice were epicutaneously sensitized with the hapten, FITC, and 24 h later hapten-bearing cells in the draining LN were examined. The number of hapten-bearing cells in the LN was significantly greater in IL-10 KO mice than in wild-type mice. The mutant mice also had an exaggerated CHS to FITC. Pretreatment with anti-TNF-alpha Ab or IL-1R antagonist significantly reduced the number of hapten-bearing cells in the LN, suggesting that IL-10 modulation of LC migration involves IL-1 and TNF-alpha. Moreover, IL-10 KO mice demonstrated a greater increase in TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, and IL-1beta mRNAs in the allergen-exposed epidermis, and keratinocytes derived from the mutant mice were able to produce higher amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha protein. These data suggest that IL-10 plays an inhibitory role in LC migration and that this effect may occur via the down-regulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1 production.