gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Droplet spreading and capillary imbibition in a porous medium: A coupled IB-VOF method based numerical study (2018)

We investigate the dynamics of a liquid droplet in contact with a surface of a porous structure by means of the pore-scale level, fully resolved numerical simulations. The geometrical details of the solid porous matrix are resolved by a sharp interface immersed boundary method on a Cartesian computational grid, whereas the motion of the gas-liquid interface is tracked by a mass conservative volume of fluid method. The numerical simulations are performed considering a model porous structure that is approximated by a 3D cubical scaffold with cylindrical struts. The effect of the porosity and the equilibrium contact angle (between the gas-liquid interface and the solid struts) on the spreading behavior, liquid imbibition, and apparent contact angle (between the gas-liquid interface and the porous base) are studied. We also perform several simulations for droplet spreading on a flat surface as a reference case. Gas-liquid systems of the Laplace number, La = 45 and La = 144 × 103 are considered neglecting the effect of gravity. We report the time exponent (n) and pre-factor (C) of the power law describing the evolution of the spreading diameter (S = Ctn) for different equilibrium contact angles and porosity. Our simulations reveal that the apparent or macroscopic contact angle varies linearly with the equilibrium contact angle and increases with porosity. Not necessarily for all the wetting porous structures, a continuous capillary drainage occurs, and we find that the rate of the capillary drainage very much depends on the fluid inertia. At La = 144 × 103, numerically we capture the capillary wave induced pinch-off and daughter droplet ejection. We observe that on the porous structure the pinch-off is weak compared to that on a flat plate.
Rapid procedure for isolation of plasmid DNA and application to epidemiological analysis (1984)

A rapid and simple plasmid isolation procedure was developed for the epidemiological analysis of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance. By this method, plasmid DNAs ranging in molecular weight between 2.0 and 122 X 10(6) could be detected. Various bacteria, such as strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus, could be analyzed. The plasmid DNA obtained could be directly used for restriction endonuclease analysis without further purification. In addition, this method made it possible to analyze several cultures at the same time.
RuvA and RuvB proteins of Escherichia coli exhibit DNA helicase activity in vitro. (1993)

The SOS-inducible ruvA and ruvB gene products of Escherichia coli are required for normal levels of genetic recombination and DNA repair. In vitro, RuvA protein interacts specifically with Holliday junctions and, together with RuvB (an ATPase), promotes their movement along DNA. This process, known as branch migration, is important for the formation of heteroduplex DNA. In this paper, we show that the RuvA and RuvB proteins promote the unwinding of partially duplex DNA. Using single-stranded circular DNA substrates with annealed fragments (52-558 nucleotides in length), we show that RuvA and RuvB promote strand displacement with a 5'-->3' polarity. The reaction is ATP-dependent and its efficiency is inversely related to the length of the duplex DNA. These results show that the ruvA and ruvB genes encode a DNA helicase that specifically recognizes Holliday junctions and promotes branch migration.
Efficient implementation of video post-processing algorithms on the BOPS parallel architecture (2002)

Deblocking and deringing are two video post-processing techniques largely used to remove coding artifacts and improve the visual quality when rendering low bit rate coded video. The algorithms used to achieve these tasks are computationally intensive and usually require high speed processors to be able to run in real time. Efficient implementations of signal adaptive filters for video post-processing can be obtained using the specialized features of the parallel BOPS(R) DSP cores. The performance achieved by deblocking and deringing CIF and SDTV size video sequences on the MANTA/sup TM/ prototype chip are illustrated. It is shown that such complex tasks may be executed at low clock rates using the BOPS ManArray/sup TM/ technology.
Biological stiffness control strategies for the Anatomically Correct Testbed (ACT) hand (2008)

With the goal of developing biologically inspired manipulation strategies for an anthropomorphic hand, we investigated how the human central nervous system utilizes the hands redundant neuromusculoskeletal biomechanics to transition between conditions. Using a experiment protocol where subjects were asked to transit between control states with equal end-effector force but different stiffness requirements, we observed that (1) some subjects used the same muscle synergy for both conditions by maintaining the same synergy throughout the transition, and (2) other subjects used two different muscle synergies to execute two conditions by transiting from one synergy to another rapidly. We hypothesize that humans typically try to use the same muscle synergy to execute two tasks when it is possible to optimize on the simplicity and speed over energy. This is a different control strategy from the way robots have been controlled in the past, and it provides a new direction in controlling an anthropomorphic robotic hand.
The dynamics of small, heavy, rigid spherical particles in a periodic Stuart vortex flow (1993)

The equation of motion of small, heavy, rigid spherical particles in a periodic Stuart vortex flow is studied as a four-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system with a parametric space of five dimensions. The five parameters are a scaled Reynolds number, the Stokes number, the fluid-to-particle density ratio, the vorticity distribution in the flow, and a gravitational parameter. Depending on the values of these parameters, heavy particles may either settle or remain indefinitely suspended against gravity. When suspension occurs, suspended particles asymptotically collect along periodic, quasiperiodic, or chaotic open trajectories located above or below the vortices. The nature of these asymptotic paths is investigated using the standard tools of power spectrum and bifurcation diagram (Poincaré sections). Furthermore, the basins of attraction in the physical and parametric spaces are also computed for both types of suspensions (above and below the vortices). In addition to the two types of upper and lower asymptotic orbits, the dynamical system of this study also exhibits the phenomenon of intermittency, whereby a particle remains suspended alternately above and below the vortices. Apart from open trajectories, closed orbits encircling one or several vortices are also observed in this work.
Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis (2009)

Since its first description, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, originally designated experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE), has been proposed as animal model to investigate pathogenetic hypotheses and test new treatments in the field of central nervous system inflammation and demyelination, which has become, in the last 30 years, the most popular animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). This experimental disease can be obtained in all mammals tested so far, including nonhuman primates, allowing very advanced preclinical studies. Its appropriate use has led to the development of the most recent treatments approved for MS, also demonstrating its predictive value when properly handled. Some of the most exciting experiments validating the use of neural precursor cells (NPCs) as a potential therapeutic option in CNS inflammation have been performed in this model. We review here the most relevant immunological features of EAE in the different animal species and strains, and describe detailed protocols to obtain the three most common clinical courses of EAE in mice, with the hope to provide both cultural and practical basis for the use of this fascinating animal model.
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells share a common antigenic determinant that cross-reacts with myelin basic protein: identification with monoclonal antibody (1986)

We have produced a monoclonal antibody against myelin basic protein that reacts with astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells. This antibody was generated by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with delipidated white matter from adult rat corpus callosum. The antibody was characterized via solid-phase radioimmunoassay, immunoblot of SDS-PAGE, and by indirect immunofluorescence staining of monolayer cultures containing oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and Schwann cells. Myelin basic protein (MBP) was shown previously to be present only in myelin producing cells in CNS and PNS (oligodendroglia and Schwann cells) and not in astrocytes. The binding of this monoclonal antibody to all 3 cell types suggests that these cells share a common epitope. This epitope may be related to a common progenitor cell.
Leakage Characteristic of Helical Groove Seal Designed in Reactor Coolant Pump (2012)

Helical groove seal is designed in reactor coolant pump to control the leakage along the front surface of the impeller face due to its higher resistance than the circumferentially grooved seal. The flow and the friction factors in helical groove seals are predicted by employing a commercial CFD code, FLUENT. The friction factors of the helical groove seals with helix angles varying from 20 deg to 50 deg, at a range of rotational speed and axial Reynolds number, were, respectively, calculated. For the helically grooved stator with the helix angle greater than 20 deg, the leakage shows an upward trend with the helix angle. The circumferentially grooved stator has a lower resistance to leakage than the 20 deg and 30 deg stators. It can be predicated that, for a bigger helix angle, the friction factor increases slightly with an increase in high axial Reynolds number, which arises from the high-pressure operation condition, and the friction factor is generally sensitive to changes in the helix angle in this operation condition. The study lays the theoretical foundation for liquid seal design of reactor coolant pump and future experimental study to account for the high-pressure condition affecting the leakage characteristic.
Directional Surface Wave Spectra from Point Measurements of Height and Slope (2019)

Abstract We describe here a method for recovering directional ocean surface wave spectra obtained from height and slope measurements made over a small area, the iterative deconvolution method (IDM). We show that IDM is a more reliable method for estimating directional wave spectra than more common spectral estimation techniques by comparing it with the widely used maximum entropy method (MEM). IDM is based on the observation that pitch–roll buoys produce directional spectra that are the true spectra convolved with an angular windowing function and are therefore much broader than the true spectra. We test IDM against simulated data and find that it does a better job of retrieving the known input spectra than does MEM, which often produces false double peaks or incorrect angular widths. We compare IDM recoveries to spectra obtained using a nonstandard processing technique, the wavelet directional method (WDM) on data from a compact array of wave staffs on Lake Ontario. We find that IDM produces directional wave spectra very nearly identical to those obtained using WDM, verifying both techniques. Finally, we processed standard NDBC buoy directional spectra and showed that IDM recovers ocean wave spectra that narrow in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and that follow a changing wind in the expected manner. Neither of these phenomena are reliably obtained using MEM due to its tendency to produce false bimodal peaks and peaks that are too narrow.
Strawberry leaf miner damage: Effectiveness of natural enemies usually holds pest damage below levels of economic importance in commercial plantings (1958)

The larvae of a small, leaf-mining moth—Tischeria sp. Family Tischeriidae—apparently a new species close to T. aenea Frey and Boll, burrow serpentine mines in the leaves of strawberry plants.
Robust non-rigid registration of medical images with incomplete image information using local structure-adaptive block matching method (2007)

A novel non-rigid registration algorithm within multi-resolution block matching framework is presented for accurate and robust image registration in the presence of incomplete image information. After getting the deformation field computed from block-matching, we introduce robust and structure-adaptive normalized convolution in spatial regularization of deformation field. Unlike traditional framework of normalized convolution, in which the local deformation is modified through a projection onto a subspace, however, the applicability function of structure-adaptive normalized convolution based on an anisotropic Gaussian kernel is adapted to local linear or edge structures in the images to be registered. This leads to more samples of regions of homogeneity being gathered for the regularization of deformation field, which can reduce deformation diffusion across discontinuities. A robust signal certainty is also adapted to each displacement vector in the deformation field to measure its accuracy. The results show that the method is sufficiently accurate and robust to incomplete image information for multi-temporal non-rigid image registration.
High-speed force mapping on living cells with a small cantilever atomic force microscope (2014)

The imaging speed of the wide-spread force mapping mode for quantitative mechanical measurements on soft samples in liquid with the atomic force microscope (AFM) is limited by the bandwidth of the z-scanner and viscous drag forces on the cantilever. Here, we applied high-speed, large scan-range atomic force microscopy and small cantilevers to increase the speed of force mapping by ≈10-100 times. This allowed resolving dynamic processes on living mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cytoskeleton reorganization during cell locomotion, growth of individual cytoskeleton fibers, cell blebbing, and the formation of endocytic pits in the cell membrane were observed. Increasing the force curve rate from 2 to 300 Hz increased the measured apparent Young's modulus of the cells by about 10 times, which facilitated force mapping measurements at high speed.
Effect of Excess PbO on the Sintering Characteristics and Dielectric Properties of Pb(Mg <sub>1/3</sub> Nb <sub>2/3</sub> )O <sub>3</sub> –PbTiO <sub>3</sub> ‐Based Ceramics (1988)

Additions of excess PbO to the perovskite Pb[(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.92 Ti 0.08 ]O 3 solid solution enhanced the formation of a liquid phase at 840°C, which served as a densification aid for the ceramics. The liquid phase allowed elimination of pores and promoted grain growth during sintering. With additions of 1 to 2 wt% excess PbO, densities in excess of 97% of theoretical were obtained at a sintering temperature of 950°C. The peak dielectric constants of the resulting ceramics were over 18 000 at 30°C and dissipation factors less than 1%. Additions of PbO in excess of 2 wt% resulted in inferior dielectric properties due mainly to the dilution of the ferroelectric phase.
Trust and Security in Grids: A State of the Art (2008)

The Trust and Security activity in CoreGRID runs as a horizontal integration activity related to all the research areas, making the Network participants aware of the use of the technologies associated with trust and security. This paper presents an overview of the different concepts and technologies relevant to trust and security in Grid systems. It analyses the relation between trust and security, describes trust and security challenges in the Grid, and introduces the existing mechanisms for managing trust and security. The core of the document is the trust and security requirements across the CoreGRID Institutes, and the description of the work being carried out to meet such requirements.
Development of exposed die large body to die size ratio wafer level package technology (2014)

Traditionally fan out wafer level package technology has been associated with lower power, smaller body sizes (typically <; 8 mm × 8 mm), small body-to-die size area ratios (<;2) and fine pitch BGAs (0.4 mm or less). This work extends this technology to larger body sizes up to 13 mm × 13 mm, higher powers, > 5 W, and larger body-to-die size area ratios up to 10.5. It is shown that such packages can be readily manufactured in a 300 mm wafer format with yields exceeding 99% and final package warpage <; 75 um. Further, data is presented showing that 10 mm × 10 mm packages with a body to die area ratio of 6.25 are compatible with moisture sensitivity level 1, and easily pass 2000 temperature cycle (-55C to 125C air to air) and 288 hr uHAST. That is to say they have reliability that is compatible with that required for all storage and communications applications. Larger package sizes, up to 13 mm × 13 mm, and body-to-die area ratios, > 10, have also been demonstrated. However, failures in extended temperature cycle were found in these larger packages. All of the failures were due to pre-identified package design flaws that violated well established rules. This indicates if such packages were designed with no rule violations then they would meet the reliability requirements needed for communications and storage applications..
DEB: A Diagnostic Experience Browser using similarity networks (1990)

Diagnostic Experience Browser (DEB): a fusion of knowledge base and data base that allows users to examine only the data which is most useful to them is described. The system combines a data base of historical cases of diagnostic trouble-shooting experience with similarity networks. A menu-driven natural language interface receives input about the user's current problem. Similarity networks provide the user with references to past cases that are most similar or most related to those they now face. The user can then choose the case that is most pertinent and browse its full textual description which, in turn, may include references to other related cases.
Modeling and study of the mechanism of dilated cardiomyopathy using induced pluripotent stem cells derived from individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2015)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene (DMD), and is characterized by progressive weakness in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Currently, dilated cardiomyopathy due to cardiac muscle loss is one of the major causes of lethality in late-stage DMD patients. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying dilated cardiomyopathy in DMD heart, we generated cardiomyocytes (CMs) from DMD and healthy control induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). DMD iPSC-derived CMs (iPSC-CMs) displayed dystrophin deficiency, as well as the elevated levels of resting Ca(2+), mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis. Additionally, we found an activated mitochondria-mediated signaling network underlying the enhanced apoptosis in DMD iPSC-CMs. Furthermore, when we treated DMD iPSC-CMs with the membrane sealant Poloxamer 188, it significantly decreased the resting cytosolic Ca(2+) level, repressed caspase-3 (CASP3) activation and consequently suppressed apoptosis in DMD iPSC-CMs. Taken together, using DMD patient-derived iPSC-CMs, we established an in vitro model that manifests the major phenotypes of dilated cardiomyopathy in DMD patients, and uncovered a potential new disease mechanism. Our model could be used for the mechanistic study of human muscular dystrophy, as well as future preclinical testing of novel therapeutic compounds for dilated cardiomyopathy in DMD patients.
iMap: a stable layout for navigating large image collections with embedded search (2013)

Effective techniques for organizing and visualizing large image collections are in growing demand as visual search gets increasingly popular. Targeting an online astronomy archive with thousands of images, we present our solution for image search and clustering based on the evaluation image similarity using both visual and textual information. To lay out images, we introduce iMap, a treemap-based representation for visualizing and navigating image search and clustering results. iMap not only makes effective use of available display area to arrange images but also maintains stable update when images are inserted or removed during the query. We also develop an embedded visualization that integrates image tags for in-place search refinement. We show the effectiveness of our approach by demonstrating experimental results and conducting a comparative user study.
Simultaneous onset of acute inflammatory response, sepsis‐like symptoms and intestinal mucosal injury after cancer chemotherapy (2003)

Chemotherapy is 1 method for the treatment of cancer, but serious side effects can sometimes limit the dosage given. Mild fever and diarrhea are common side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Gastrointestinal injury induced by chemotherapeutic agents may result in bacterial/endotoxin translocation from the gut into the systemic circulation. An experimental study was therefore conducted to clarify the effect of systemic chemotherapeutic agents on gastrointestinal barrier function. Male Wistar rats were divided into a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) group (100 mg/kg/day for 4 days; n = 27) and a control group (n = 5). All rats were fasted and central venous catheterization was performed for total parenteral nutrition and blood sampling. Intestinal tissue was also sampled for pathological examination. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) were determined by ELISA, bacterial translocation was quantified by lymph node culture and plasma endotoxin content of portal blood was measured by the Limulus-amebocyte-lysate test. In the 5-FU group on day 4, a proportion of rats exhibited severe watery diarrhea (73.9%) and occasional vomiting (86.2%). The levels of plasma TNFalpha and IL-6 were seen to increase, peaking at day 6 (IL-6, 350.0 +/- 67.8 pg/ml; TNFalpha, 26.1 +/- 3.2 pg/ml). The pathological findings also changed on day 4. On day 6, 90% of the rats in the 5-FU group showed dramatic sepsis-like manifestations, whereas the control group did not. Within the 5-FU group, only at day 6 was bacterial translocation in the rat mesenteric lymph nodes or significantly elevated levels of endotoxin evident. These results suggest that bacterial/endotoxin translocation might cause sepsis-like manifestations after systemic chemotherapy.