gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for two dissimilar polypeptide chains in the beta 2 subunit of hexosaminidase. (1982)

The major isoenzymes of human hexosaminidase have the structures alpha beta 2 (hex A) and 2 beta 2 (hex B). In this study, we present evidence that the beta 2 subunit of hex B and hex BA (the form of hex B derived from hex A) is composed of two nonidentical polypeptide chains. We have called these chains beta a and beta b. They have similar molecular weights (25,000) but have pI values that differ by 1 unit. We have used a two-dimensional analytical gel electrophoresis method in combination with peptide mapping to compare the primary sequence structure of the two beta chains. In this method, the polypeptide chains of hex B or hex BA were first separated by isoelectric focusing in 8.5 M urea. The separated chains were subjected to partial proleolytic digestion in the stacking gel of a second NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel with subsequent separation of peptides by electrophoresis into the second gel. Partial digestion by protease V8 or papain showed that the beta a and beta b species have distinct primary structures, neither of which was similar to that of the alpha chain. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the beta 2 subunit of hexosaminidase has the structure of beta a beta b. The possibility that the distinct beta chains are encoded by a single gene is discussed in the light of genetic and other data.
LAB-ON-A-CARD ASSAY FOR ENTERIC PATHOGENS (2006)

We describe the functional elements of a diagnostic instrument and disposable enteric card (DEC) system under development that rapidly identifies and differentiates Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella and Shigella species in stool samples. These elements, currently realized as microfluidic subcircuits on individual cards, are (1) whole pathogen immunocapture, (2) nucleic acid extraction, (3) on-chip rapid PCR, and (4) lateral flow detection of amplicons. The system utilizes a low-cost disposable lab-on-a-card platform designed to identify enteric bacterial pathogens in patients with acute diarrhea. Special emphasis is placed on the utility of the device to diagnose both intentionally released enteric biothreat agents as well as to provide a platform to identify infections that are common worldwide. All reagents are stored in dry form on the card.
Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in white blood cells of foundry workers. (1988)

Iron foundry workers, exposed to high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), silica, and metal fumes and dusts, are at elevated risk of lung cancer. Benzo(a)pyrene and a number of structurally related PAHs are metabolically activated to diol epoxides (e.g., 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a) pyrene) which are mutagenic, carcinogenic in experimental animals, and form covalent adducts with DNA. The levels of these adducts were measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a polyclonal anti-benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide-I-DNA antibody which cross-reacts with DNA modified by diol epoxides of structurally related PAHs. DNA was analyzed from peripheral blood cells of 35 Finnish foundry workers and 10 controls. Workers were classified as having low (less than 0.05 micrograms/m3), medium (0.05-0.2 micrograms/m3), or high (greater than 0.2 micrograms/m3) exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (as an indicator of PAH). When adjustment was made for cigarette smoking and time since vacation, benzo(a)pyrene exposure was significantly related to adduct levels (P = 0.0001). Each of the three exposure groups had significantly elevated adduct levels compared to controls. Among the exposed workers, the low group differed significantly from the high and medium categories. This study supports the usefulness of monitoring adduct formation in a population occupationally exposed to carcinogens.
A Novel Immunosuppressive Agent, Sirolimus, in the Treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma in a Renal Transplant Recipient (2007)

Renal transplant recipients are susceptible to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) because of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Sirolimus, a new immunosuppressive agent, has been successfully used for immune-suppression in kidney transplant recipients. Several studies have shown the potential role of sirolimus to inhibit progression of KS in kidney-transplant recipients. This report details a kidney-transplant recipient with cutaneous KS who had a complete remission in response to sirolimus therapy.
Increasing Modularity of UAV Control Systems using Computer Game Behavior Trees (2012)

In this paper, we argue that the modularity, reusability and complexity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) guidance and control systems might be improved by using a Behavior Tree (BT) architecture. BTs are a particular kind of Hybrid Dynamical Systems (HDS), where the state transitions of the HDS are implicitly encoded in a tree structure, instead of explicitly stated in transition maps. In the gaming industry, BTs have gained a lot of interest, and are now replacing HDS in the control architecture of many automated in-game opponents. Below, we explore the relationship between HDS and BTs. We show that any HDS can be written as a BT and that many common UAV control constructs are quite naturally formulated as BTs. Finally, we discuss the positive implications of making the above mentioned state transitions implicit in the BTs.
Use of OKT3 is associated with early and severe recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation. (1997)

Our data suggest that allograft hepatitis in patients with preexisting HCV occurs earlier and with greater severity in patients treated with OKT3 for SRR, compared with age-, gender-, and initial immunosuppression-matched contemporary controls. Treatment of SRR with OKT3 may jeopardize long-term allograft function and survival in HCV-infected recipients by enhancing viral hepatitis recurrence. Clearly, the recognition of recurrent HCV and differentiation from acute cellular rejection remains a crucial issue in managing the OLT recipient with HCV.
Variations in Site and Levels of Expression of Chondrocyte Nucleotide Pyrophosphohydrolase with Aging (2001)

The aim of this study was to identify changes in cartilage intermediate layer protein/nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase (CILP/NTPPH) expression in articular cartilage during aging. Adult (3-4 years old) and young (7-10 days old) porcine articular hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage were studied by Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry using a complementary DNA (cDNA) probe encoding porcine CILP/NTPPH and antibody to a synthetic peptide corresponding to a CILP/NTPPH sequence. Northern blot analysis of chondrocytes showed lower expression of CILP/NTPPH messenger RNA (mRNA) in young cartilage than in adult cartilage. In adult cartilage, extracellular matrix from the surface to the middeep zone was immunoreactive for CILP/NTPPH, especially in the pericellular matrix surrounding the middeep zone chondrocytes. In young cartilage, chondrocytes were moderately immunoreactive for CILP/NTPPH throughout all zones except the calcified zone. The matrix of young cartilage was negative except in the superficial zone. In young cartilage, CILP/NTPPH mRNA expression was undetectable. In adult cartilage, chondrocytes showed strong mRNA expression for CILP/NTPPH throughout middeep zones. Protein and mRNA signals were not detectable below the tidemark. CILP/NTPPH secretion into matrix around chondrocytes increases with aging. In this extracellular site it may generate inorganic pyrophosphate and contribute to age-related calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease.
Efficient Generation of Knock-In Zebrafish Models for Inherited Disorders Using CRISPR-Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complexes (2021)

CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-editing is a highly efficient and cost-effective method to generate zebrafish loss-of-function alleles. However, introducing patient-specific variants into the zebrafish genome with CRISPR-Cas9 remains challenging. Targeting options can be limited by the predetermined genetic context, and the efficiency of the homology-directed DNA repair pathway is relatively low. Here, we illustrate our efficient approach to develop knock-in zebrafish models using two previously variants associated with hereditary sensory deficits. We employ sgRNA-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that are micro-injected into the first cell of fertilized zebrafish eggs together with an asymmetric, single-stranded DNA template containing the variant of interest. The introduction of knock-in events was confirmed by massive parallel sequencing of genomic DNA extracted from a pool of injected embryos. Simultaneous morpholino-induced blocking of a key component of the non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway, Ku70, improved the knock-in efficiency for one of the targets. Our use of RNP complexes provides an improved knock-in efficiency as compared to previously published studies. Correct knock-in events were identified in 3-8% of alleles, and 30-45% of injected animals had the target variant in their germline. The detailed technical and procedural insights described here provide a valuable framework for the efficient development of knock-in zebrafish models.
Two Genes Encoding GF14 (14-3-3) Proteins in Zea mays (Structure, Expression, and Potential Regulation by the G-Box-Binding Complex) (1994)

Two maize (Zea mays) genes, designated GRF1 and GRF2, have been isolated and characterized. The proteins encoded by these genes, called GF14 proteins, participate in protein/DNA complexes and show more than 60% identity with a highly conserved, widely distributed protein family, collectively referred to as 14-3-3 proteins. Members of the 14-3-3 protein family have been reported to activate Tyr and Trp hydroxylases, modulate protein kinase C activity, and activate ADP-ribosyltransferase. The mRNAs of the GRF genes are encoded by six exons interrupted by five introns. The transcriptional units of the GRF genes were found to be very similar, with complete conservation of the intron positions. In addition, the length and nucleotide sequences of the two genes' introns were highly conserved. The 5' flanking sequences of the two GRF genes were compared and regions of homology and divergence identified. This comparison revealed the presence of a conserved G-box element in the 5' flanking region of both genes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays of maize protein extract with the GRF G-box indicates that GBF binds to this G-box site in the 5' up stream region of GRF. Antibody supershifts indicate that GF14 protein is associated with the G-box-binding complex that interacts with the GRF upstream region.
Use of induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons engineered to express BDNF for modulation of stressor related pathology (2014)

Combined cell and gene-based therapeutic strategies offer potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions that have been associated with structural brain disturbances. In the present investigation, we used a novel virus-free re-programming method to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and then subsequently transformed these cells into neural cells which over-expressed brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Importantly, the infusion of iPSC derived neural cells (as a cell replacement and gene delivery tool) and BDNF (as a protective factor) influenced neuronal outcomes. Specifically, intracerebroventricular transplantation of iPSC-derived neural progenitors that over-expressed BDNF reversed the impact of immune (lipopolysaccharide) and chronic stressor challenges upon subventricular zone adult neurogenesis, and the iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells alone blunted the stressor-induced corticosterone response. Moreover, our findings indicate that mature dopamine producing neurons can be generated using iPSC procedures and appear to be viable when infused in vivo. Taken together, these data could have important implications for using gene-plus-cell replacement methods to modulate stressor related pathology.
Processing and properties of nano‐ and macro‐hydroxyapatite/poly(ethylene‐<i>co</i>‐acrylic acid) composites (2006)

Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/poly(ethylene‐ co ‐acrylic acid) composites have been synthesized by a solution‐based method, using nanosized (n‐HAp) and coarse hydroxyapatite (c‐HAp) particles, respectively. X‐ray diffraction study has indicated the development of compressive and tensile stresses in composites because of the thermal expansion mismatch between the particles and polymer matrix. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra and thermal analysis have showed the presence of strong interfacial bonding between the particles and polymer. The surface roughness and the homogeneous dispersion of HAp particles in the polymer matrix have been observed by scanning electron microscopy. A comparison in mechanical properties between composites prepared with n‐HAp and c‐HAp particles, respectively, has been studied. Nanosized particles contribute excellent improvement of mechanical properties of the composites rather than the coarse particles. The uniform dispersion of HAp particles, followed by the improvement in mechanical properties of the composite, provides a means of preparing HAp/polymer composites for low load‐bearing implant applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 27:633–641, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
High sensitivity waveform measurement with opticalsampling using quasi-phasematched mixing in LiNbO <sub>3</sub> waveguide (2001)

High efficiency (1.7 × 10-2 W-1) waveform measurement is experimentally demonstrated using quasi-phasematched mixing in an LiNbO3 waveguide. A 160 Gbit/s optical waveform is observed with temporal resolution of 3.6 ps.
Remoxy ® :A Novel Formulation of Extended-Release Oxycodone Developed Using the ORADUR ® Technology (2010)

As opioid use for the treatment of acute and chronic pain has increased in the United States, so have the potential problems associated with opioid misuse such as dependence, addiction, overdose, and abuse. Opioid abusers seek fast onset euphoria, and therefore, typically rely on tampering (physical and/or chemical manipulation) to facilitate their preferred route of abuse. ORADUR ® is a novel, oral, extended-release formulation that was designed to resist the most common methods of tampering and has been incorporated into Remoxy ® , a
Thermal Properties of Macrocyclic Polyethers: Implications for the Design of Crown Ether-Based Ionic Liquids (2014)

The most commonly studied classes of ionic liquids (ILs) comprise relatively large and asymmetric heterocyclic cations (e.g., diakylimidazolium or N-alkylpyridinium) in combination with any of a wide variety of inorganic (e.g., BF4−, Cl−) or organic (e.g., bis[(trifluoromethyl- sulfonyl)imide], Tf2N−) anions. Recently it has been shown that ILs can also be formed by complexation reactions of metal cations (e.g., Li+, as its Tf2N− salt) with various neutral ligands (e.g., cyclohexano-15-crown-5 or alkylamines). Because the upper limit of the useful temperature range of any IL is governed by its thermal stability, and because the thermal stability of a neutral ligand (i.e., its propensity to either volatilize or decompose) is of obvious importance in determining that of an IL prepared from it, a systematic examination of the thermal properties of a series of macrocyclic polyethers of potential utility in the synthesis of new ILs has been undertaken. The results show that the temperature corresponding to the onset of mass loss upon heating (i.e., evaporation and/or decomposition) varies with the ring size, substitution, nature of the donor atoms, and stereochemistry of the macrocycle, but is most strongly influenced by the molecular weight and aromatic content of the compound.
A Novel Method for Generating Xeno-Free Human Feeder Cells for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Culture (2008)

Long-term cultures of human embryonic stem (hES) cells require a feeder layer for maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state and increasing karyotype stability. In routine hES cell culture, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeders and animal component-containing media (FBS or serum replacement) are commonly used. However, the use of animal materials increases the risk of transmitting pathogens to hES cells and therefore is not optimal for use in cultures intended for human transplantation. There are other limitations with conventional feeder cells, such as MEFs, which have a short lifespan and can only be propagated five to six passages before senescing. Several groups have investigated maintaining existing hES cell lines and deriving new hES cell lines on human feeder layers. However, almost all of these human source feeder cells employed in previous studies were derived and cultured in animal component conditions. Even though one group previously reported the derivation and culture of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) in human serum-containing medium, this medium is not optimal because HFFs routinely undergo senescence after 10 passages when cultured in human serum. In this study we have developed a completely animal-free method to derive HFFs from primary tissues. We demonstrate that animal-free (AF) HFFs do not enter senescence within 55 passages when cultured in animal-free conditions. This methodology offers alternative and completely animal-free conditions for hES cell culture, thus maintaining hES cell morphology, pluripotency, karyotype stability, and expression of pluripotency markers. Moreover, no difference in hES cell maintenance was observed when they were cultured on AF-HFFs of different passage number or independent derivations.
Detection, Isolation, and Characterization of α-fetoprotein-specific T Cell Populations and Clones Using MHC Class I Multimer Magnetic Sorting (2008)

alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a fetal protein specifically reexpressed in 50% of hepatocellular carcinomas. This protein could serve as a tumor-associated antigen for immunotherapy purpose. The aim of our work was to analyze the presence of AFP-specific T cell populations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cirrhotic patients with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. Using peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I multimers, AFP-specific populations corresponding to 3 previously described human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201 major histocompatibility complex class I epitopes (AFP137, AFP158, and AFP325) were sorted magnetically from CD8 positive cells without prior stimulation with the target antigen. T cell populations specific for 1 peptide (AFP158) were frequent, whereas populations corresponding to peptide AFP137 were rare and absent for peptide AFP325. We also isolated and fully characterized T cell clones specific for AFP137 and AFP158 peptides. We show that these clones can be used to monitor dendritic cell loading with peptides and could be useful for future immunotherapy protocols.
[The application of circular dichroism on the structure analysis of natural products--diterpenoid dilactones and tylophorines]. (1992)

In this paper, circular dichroism (CD), sector projection and reverse octant rule projection of four diterpenoid dilactones and five tylophorines (two of them, 6, 8, are new compounds) are reported in which reverse octant rule projection is the first application to the configuration determination of diterpenoid dilactone. By using these rules, the predicted Cotton effects of these compounds coincided with the result of previous determinations, so, their absolute configurations are assigned.
Spintronic In-Memory Pattern Matching (2019)

Traditional Von Neumann computing is falling apart in the era of exploding data volumes as the overhead of data transfer becomes forbidding. Instead, it is more energy-efficient to fuse compute capability with memory where the data reside. This is particularly critical to pattern matching, a key computational step in large-scale data analytics, which involves repetitive search over very large databases residing in memory. Emerging spintronic technologies show remarkable versatility for the tight integration of logic and memory. In this article, we introduce SpinPM, a novel high-density, reconfigurable spintronic in-memory pattern matching spin-orbit torque (SOT)-specifically spin Hall effect (SHE)-substrate, and demonstrate the performance benefit SpinPM can achieve over conventional and near-memory processing systems.
Pharmacological Studies of Triazine Derivatives. I. General Pharmacological Actions (1976)

Pharmacological properties of 32 s-triazine derivatives were examined and it's results are summarized as follows. 1) Twenty compounds showed depressant action against spontaneous motor activity. Among these, 4-substituted-2-amino-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine derivatives, I (4-iso-propylamino), IV (4-cyclohexylamino), IX (4- (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)), X (4- (4- (2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazin-1-yl)), and 2-benzalhydrazino-4-tert-butyl-6-piperazino-s-triazine (XXXV) showed a significant effect below the dose level which caused muscle relaxation. 2) IV, X, and 2-hydrazino-4-piperazino-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (XV) showed a significant anti-morphine action. 3) IX, 2-hydrazino-4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (XIII), 2-hydrazino-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (XIV), 2-benzalhydrazino-4-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazin-1-yl))-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (XXXIII), and XXXV strongly potentiated hexobarbital sleeping time. 4) Central depressant action of triazine derivatives was mainly characterized by sedative action accompanied by weak muscle relaxant and faint anti-convulsant action. Considering these results, it seems difficult to define the triazine derivatives as a specific type of a tranquilizer, although, IX, X, and XV exhibited cataleptogenic activity typical of major tranquilizer. 5) IX, X, and XXXV inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing and their activity was comparable to that of aminopyrine. 6) 2-Amino-4-p-chloroanilino-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (VI), XIV, and 2-benzalhydrazino-4-morphorino-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (XXX) showed moderate hypotensive actions. 7) I, IV, XIV, 2-isopropylamino-4-morphorino-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (XLI), and 2-isopropylamino-4-methylamino-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (XLIII) showed adrenolytic activities. 8) 2-Amino-4-phenethylamino-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (V), 2-dimethylamino-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (XXXIX) and XLIII expressed moderate anti-serotonin effects but anti-cholinergic or anti-histaminic actions were not observed.
Evaluation of the direct injection nebulizer in the coupling of high-performance liquid chromatography to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1995)

A direct injection nebulizer (DIN) was designed and constructed. It was used in coupling high-performance liquid chromatography to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the speciation of chromium. Speciation of chromium using a concentric nebulizer and the DIN was investigated. Using a slight modification in the chromatographic conditions, the speciation of chromium was achieved on a microbore column. The absolute detection limit for both CrIII and CrVI was 3 pg. The DIN was used to run the National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2670 Toxic Metals in Freeze-Dried Urine, Elevated Level.