gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Model Updating for Helicopter Rotor Blade Using Genetic Algorithm (2003)

Introduction T HE main rotor is the major subsystem in a helicopter and has considerable in uence on helicopter performance, dynamics, and aeroelasticity. Therefore, considerableattention is given to accurate structural dynamic modeling of the helicopter rotor blade. Typically, the helicopter rotor blade is modeled as a rotating beam using an approximate method such as the  nite element method. If the natural frequencies and mode shapes predicted by the  nite element model differ from test data, the mass and stiffness properties of the  nite element model can be changed using a model updating method.2 Model updating problems can be posed as optimization problems, where the difference between the available test and predicted system properties is minimized in a least-squares sense. Optimizationmethods such as genetic algorithms (GA) have only been used recently in model updating.3i5 In this study we use genetic algorithms for constructing a helicopter rotor blade from its frequencies.
Preparation of new chiral peralkyldiphosphines as efficient ligands for catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of α-dicarbonyl compounds (1984)

New chiral peralkyldiphosphines (5) containing a pyroolidine ring have been prepared by a new method, which is widely applicable to transformation of known chiral diphosphines into the corresponding cyclohexyl analogues; asymmetric hydrogenation of α-dicarbonyl compounds catalysed by rhodium complexes of (5) proceeds smoothly under mild conditions (1 atm H2; 35°C) to give moderate optical yields.
Efficient Transmission of Graphics Using Polyomino Filtering at the Receiver (1970)

A simple new coding scheme has been developed which increases the transmission efficiency for graphics by a factor of 2, or what amounts to the same, can transmit two documents over the initial channel used to transmit a single picture, while preserving the subjective picture quality. Based on the exploration of polyominoes, the initial message is submitted to a well-defined information extraction process at the transmitter and a corresponding reconstruction manipulation for message display at the receiver.
The Cross-Section Method: An Algorithm for Linear Programming (1958)

Abstract : In this paper an algorithm is presented which solves the linear programming problem. This algorithm combines the usual phase one (getting feasibility) and phase two (getting optimality) of the Simplex or Dual methods into a single phase. The algorithm begins with either a single activity (column) or a constraint (equation) and proceeds to add either activities or constraints one at a time, solving the subproblems which arise for their optimal solutions. The final solution is attained after adding the last activity or constraint. The algorithm promises to be an efficient one and has several advantages which arise from the information supplied about subproblems. (Author)
Real-Time Detection of Fast Flux Service Networks (2009)

Here we present the first empirical study of detecting and classifying fast flux service networks (FFSNs) in real time. FFSNs exploit a network of compromised machines (zombies) for illegal activities such as spam, phishing and malware delivery using DNS record manipulation techniques. Previous studies have focused on actively monitoring these activities over a large window (days, months) to detect such FFSNs and measure their footprint. In this paper, we present a Fast Flux Monitor (FFM) that can detect and classify a FFSN in the order of minutes using both active and passive DNS monitoring, which complements long term surveillance of FFSNs.
Mpath maps multi-branching single-cell trajectories revealing progenitor cell progression during development (2016)

Single-cell RNA-sequencing offers unprecedented resolution of the continuum of state transition during cell differentiation and development. However, tools for constructing multi-branching cell lineages from single-cell data are limited. Here we present Mpath, an algorithm that derives multi-branching developmental trajectories using neighborhood-based cell state transitions. Applied to mouse conventional dendritic cell (cDC) progenitors, Mpath constructs multi-branching trajectories spanning from macrophage/DC progenitors through common DC progenitor to pre-dendritic cells (preDC). The Mpath-generated trajectories detect a branching event at the preDC stage revealing preDC subsets that are exclusively committed to cDC1 or cDC2 lineages. Reordering cells along cDC development reveals sequential waves of gene regulation and temporal coupling between cell cycle and cDC differentiation. Applied to human myoblasts, Mpath recapitulates the time course of myoblast differentiation and isolates a branch of non-muscle cells involved in the differentiation. Our study shows that Mpath is a useful tool for constructing cell lineages from single-cell data.
Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Expression by Lipopolysaccharide is Mediated by AP-1 Activation (1995)

Gram-negative sepsis is the most common cause of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) when administered in vivo produces pathophysiologic changes similar to those seen in ARDS. The pathogenesis of these changes is mediated in part by oxidative stress. We demonstrate that LPS induces high mRNA levels of the stress-inducible gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the rat lung. Increased HO-1 mRNA levels correlate with increased HO-1 protein and enzyme activity. Immunohistochemical analyses of lung tissues from rats treated with LPS reveal abundant HO-1 expression in inflammatory and bronchoalveolar epithelial cells. We further examined the molecular regulation of HO-1 gene expression after exposure of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells to LPS in vitro. These cells respond to LPS with increased HO-1 mRNA expression and HO-1 gene transcription. Transcriptional activation of the mouse HO-1 gene by LPS is mediated by a 5' distal enhancer fragment located approximately 4 kbp upstream from the transcription site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays show increased activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding activity in RAW 264.7 cells after LPS treatment. Mutation of the AP-1 binding site in this enhancer fragment completely abolishes HO-1 gene activation while mutation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) binding site exerts negligible effect, suggesting that the AP-1 family of transcription factors plays a critical role in regulating HO-1 gene activation following LPS treatment. Furthermore, upstream phosphorylation events modulate this AP-1-dependent expression of the HO-1 gene after LPS treatment.
Operative treatment of bone overgrowth in children who have an acquired or congenital amputation. (1995)

Fifty-three children who were less than thirteen years old were followed for a median of seven years and ten months (range, two years and nine months to fourteen years and six months) after operative treatment for overgrowth of the tibia or humerus after amputation. During the thirty-one years in which these children were managed, three operative techniques were used in successive periods. Thus, the fifty-three children could be divided into three groups: thirty-one who had had a resection and revision, nine in whom the bone had been capped with a synthetic device, and thirteen in whom the bone had been capped with an autogenous tricortical bone graft from the iliac crest. A retrospective review was performed to determine the result and complications associated with each of these techniques. Survival analysis revealed that subsequent procedures were performed in twenty-six (84 per cent) of the thirty-one patients who had had a resection and revision, in seven of the nine in whom the bone had been capped with a synthetic device, and in four of the thirteen in whom the bone had been capped with an autogenous bone graft. The estimated mean survival time (that is, the time to a subsequent procedure) was five years in the group that had had the bone capped with an autogenous graft and three years and six months in the group that had had resection and revision; the difference is significant (p = 0.003).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characterization of seed‐specific benzoyloxyglucosinolate mutations in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2007)

Glucosinolates are secondary metabolites involved in pathogen and insect defense of cruciferous plants. Although seeds and vegetative tissue often have very different glucosinolate profiles, few genetic factors that determine seed glucosinolate accumulation have been identified. An HPLC-based screen of 5500 mutagenized Arabidopsis thaliana lines produced 33 glucosinolate mutants, of which 21 have seed-specific changes. Five of these mutant lines, representing three genetic loci, are compromised in the biosynthesis of benzoyloxyglucosinolates, which are only found in seeds and young seedlings of A. thaliana. Genetic mapping and analysis of T-DNA insertions in candidate genes identified BZO1 (At1g65880), which encodes an enzyme with benzoyl-CoA ligase activity, as being required for the accumulation of benzoyloxyglucosinolates. Long-chain aliphatic glucosinolates are elevated in bzo1 mutants, suggesting substrate competition for the common short-chain aliphatic glucosinolate precursors. Whereas bzo1 mutations have seed-specific effects on benzoyloxyglucosinolate accumulation, the relative abundance of 3-benzoyloxypropyl- and 4-benzoyloxybutylglucosinolates depends on the maternal genotype.
Some uses of truncated Boolean vectors in analysis (1990)

The truncated first occurrence vector (TFOV) is a data construct which the author has found useful in a variety of application areas. It is based on comparisons of adjacent items in a set ordered by some criterion. The use of the TFOV and its several derivatives improve efficiency and reduce the load on system resources. A contributing factor in performance improvement is the algorithm used in the APL implementations of monadic grade and its offshoot dyadic grade. It is interesting to note that an ordered set improves the efficiency of processes other than those utilizing the TFOV. Calculation of the range and median of a numeric set is an example of this. As new primitives have been added to APL, construction and generation of the TFOV has been simplified. The paper shows both the early and the later idioms used in programs. The techniques for calculating frequency distributions and the related statistical mode or modes are shown. The development of sub-totals by group in simple (single criterion) and hierarchical cases are illustrated. The generation of (ordered) defining subsets and “arrival” and “departure” sequences are shown. Along with the ordered defining subset (ODS) a pointer to the ODS can be developed. This technique has been found useful in applications requiring data compaction. The TFOV has proven useful in the development of control vectors for formatting tables especially for insertion of sub-total. A function for pagination of documents which eliminates “widows” has been developed, as have functions for reformatting paragraphs in text processing. In these latter cases, while the ordering algorithm is simply that of position, the concept is a direct outgrowth of experience with the TFOV. The techniques and concepts discussed in this paper are not intended to be exhaustive but are intended to stimulate programmers in considering an approach often overlooked. It is interesting to note that, while these ideas are applicable in other languages, their recognition required the primitives and arrays of APL.
Cytolytic and ion channel-forming properties of the N terminus of lymphocyte perforin. (1991)

Perforin lyses cells by binding to the target cell membrane, where it polymerizes into large nonspecific pores. It is shown here that the first 34 amino acids of the N-terminal region of either human or murine perforin are soluble in aqueous medium and spontaneously insert into membranes. The N-terminal peptides lyse liposomes and nucleated cells, and they form ion channels in planar bilayers, some of which are comparable to those previously described for perforin. The lytic activity of the N-terminal domains does not require calcium, is independent of the lipid headgroup composition, and can be inhibited by heparin. Tumor cells incubated with the N-terminal peptides undergo the same morphological changes as those induced by native perforin. None of the peptides corresponding to the putative membrane-spanning domains from the central region of perforin is cytolytic. Taken together, these results suggest that the N-terminal region is an important part of the pore-forming domain of perforin.
Zipper-mediated Oligomerization of the Mixed Lineage Kinase SPRK/MLK-3 Is Not Required for Its Activation by the GTPase cdc 42 but Is Necessary for Its Activation of the JNK Pathway (2000)

Src homology 3 domain-containing proline-rich kinase (SPRK)/mixed lineage kinase-3 is a serine/threonine kinase that has been identified as an upstream activator of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. SPRK is capable of activating MKK4 by phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues, and mutant forms of MKK4 that lack the phosphorylation sites Ser(254) and Thr(258) block SPRK-induced JNK activation. A region of 63 amino acids following the kinase domain of SPRK is predicted to form a leucine zipper. The leucine zipper domain of SPRK has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for SPRK oligomerization, but its role in regulating activation of SPRK and downstream signaling remains unclear. In this study, we substituted a proposed stabilizing leucine residue in the zipper domain with a helix-disrupting proline to abrogate zipper-mediated SPRK oligomerization. We demonstrate that constitutively activated Cdc42 fully activates this monomeric SPRK mutant in terms of both autophosphorylation and histone phosphorylation activity and induces the same in vivo phosphorylation pattern as wild type SPRK. However, this catalytically active SPRK zipper mutant is unable to activate JNK. Our data show that the monomeric SPRK mutant fails to phosphorylate one of the two activating phosphorylation sites, Thr(258), of MKK4. These studies suggest that zipper-mediated SPRK oligomerization is not required for SPRK activation by Cdc42 but instead is critical for proper interaction and phosphorylation of a downstream target, MKK4.
Fibronectin enhances in vitro monocyte-macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity (1982)

Control of neoplastic proliferation reflects in part monocyte/macrophage destruction of target cells--destruction that evidently requires cell-cell interaction. We herein show it to involve the natural plasma opsonin, fibronectin. With two cultured human tumor lines--Malme melanoma and CAK-I renal carcinoma cells--addition of fibronectin, purified to homogeneity, enhances macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity 2--4-fold (p less than 0.01). Both fresh human monocytes or the U-937-cultured macrophage line become more lethal to tumor cells with added fibronectin. The fibronectin-enhanced monocyte and U-937 tumoricidal activity occurred in a dose-dependent fashion. Specificity of fibronectin's action was validated by use of affinity-purified rabbit antifibronectin antibody, which completely abated its enhancement of tumoricidal activity. Enhancement of tumoricidal activity did not occur when monocytes or U-937 were exposed to fibronectin-coated plates. However, the addition of soluble fibronectin to fibronectin-coated plates was then capable of enhancing cytocidal activity. These studies demonstrate that human fibronectin is capable of increasing both fresh and cultured human monocyte tumor-directed cytotoxicity. Fibronectin appears to be a potentially important circulating molecule that may favorably influence human monocyte tumor cell cytotoxicity.
Estrogen-Like Response to p-Nonylphenol in Human First Trimester Placenta and BeWo Choriocarcinoma Cells (2006)

p-Nonylphenol (p-NP) is a metabolite of alkylphenol ethoxylates used as surfactants in the manufacturing industry. Although it is reported to have estrogenic activity and to be transferred from the mother to the embryo, no data are available on its effects on the development of the human placenta. In the present study, we investigated estrogen receptors' (ERs) expression in the first trimester human placenta. Using an in vitro model of chorionic villous explants, we then compared the effects of p-NP and 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E2). Finally, a trophoblast-derived choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo, was used as a model of trophoblast cell differentiation. Our results showed that the first trimester placenta expresses three ER-alpha isoforms of 67, 46, and 39 kDa and one ER-beta isoform of 55 kDa. Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of ER-alpha in the villous cytotrophoblast, whereas ER-beta was mainly expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast. Treatment of explant cultures with p-NP (10(-9)M) and 17beta-E2 (10(-9)M) significantly increased beta-hCG secretion and cell apoptosis but did not modify ER expression. After 72 h of exposure, hormone release was significantly higher in p-NP- than 17beta-E2-treated explant cultures. By this time, cleavage of caspase-3 was evident in cultures treated with 17beta-E2 and p-NP. In BeWo cells, a caspase-3 band of 20-16 kDa was evident after 1 h of treatment with p-NP and after 24 h of treatment with 17beta-E2 or forskolin. These findings suggest that the human trophoblast may be highly responsive to p-NP and raise concern about maternal exposure in early gestation.
Bio-engineered gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) (2011)

The current cost and finite nature of Platinum Group Metals (PGM) is a barrier to the successful commercialisation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). Successful mass production of fuel cell components combined with the recovery of PGMs from waste, more efficient PGM use or the replacement of PGMs catalyst is necessary to reduce costs per unit. Current hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy techniques do not provide a ‘clean’ or economically viable solution to PGM recovery when compared to bio-hydrometallurgy. Bio-catalysts can be manufactured by coupling the oxidation of hydrogen to the reduction of soluble metallic species [e.g. Pd(II), Pt(IV)] via Hydrogenase enzymes. The work presented in this thesis aims to evaluate the incorporation of biohydrometallurgy in producing Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDEs) for PEM Fuel cell applications. The biomineralisation and subsequent catalytic activity of spin coated engineered biofilms is investigated, as is the use of planktonic cell generated bio-catalysts in traditional GDE fabrication via screen printing. Although biofilms were found to produce layers containing active PGM particles, the films proved to be nonconductive. As such, it was concluded that although biofilms provide huge potential in the recovery and subsequent use of PGM catalysts, at present, they are unsuitable for Fuel Cell use.
Next generation audio system assessment using the multiple stimulus ideal profile method (2016)

With the development of so-called next generation audio systems the question of evaluation of such immersive or object-based systems is of large interest for the industry. This paper presents the multiple stimulus ideal profile method for the practical assessment of next generation sound systems. The approach takes best practices from a number of different well-recognised methods as well as some novel ones from other industries. The paper presents the method as well as the initial results of the test using specially designed test items to investigate the characteristics of the method. Practical experiences in two labs with different listener groups and statistical analysis will be discussed in detail.
A convenient method for the preparation of highly substituted pyrimidines: Synthesis of tri‐ and tetra‐subsituted pyrimidines from 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and <i>N,N,N</i>‐tris‐(trimethylsilyl)amidines (2002)

Abstract A modification of the Pinner pyrimidine synthesis has been developed that utilizes trimethylsilyl amidines and results in greatly improved yield of highly substituted pyrimidines.
Differential Regulation of α4 Integrin-dependent Binding to Domains 1 and 4 of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (1995)

The vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) plays an important role in diverse physiological and pathological processes. The homologous first and fourth immunoglobulin-like domains of the seven domain form of VCAM-1 present binding motifs for alpha 4 beta 1 integrin. Using a panel of VCAM-1 domain deletion mutants we show that alpha 4 beta 7 integrin interacts with both domains 1 and 4. In contrast to their identical domain usage, alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 4 beta 7 integrins differ in the activation states required for binding to domains 1 and 4 of VCAM-1. We show that integrin alpha 4 beta 1 required significantly higher concentrations of Mn2+ than integrin alpha 4 beta 7 to support half-maximal adhesion to domain 4. Moreover, a clear difference in the capacity of integrins alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 4 beta 7 to interact with domain 4 was detected in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations. Adhesion to domain 1 of VCAM-1, however, was not affected by integrin heterodimer composition. Instead, the activity level of integrin alpha 4 beta 1 for domain 1 binding was regulated by CD24 expression. Binding to seven domain VCAM-1 was not altered significantly by beta 1 and beta 7 subunits or CD24. These data indicate that integrin heterodimer composition and CD24 expression differentially modulate integrin binding to domains 1 and 4 of VCAM-1. Mechanisms that alter integrin binding specificity or monovalent versus divalent interactions may affect the strength of adhesion as well as signal transmission in adherent cells and may therefore be critical to controlling the cellular response to integrin occupancy.
Adaptive digital correction of analog errors in MASH ADCs. II. Correction using test-signal injection (2000)

For pt. I see ibid., vol. 47, no. 7, p. 621-8 (2000). This part describes a different adaptation strategy. It relies on the injection of a pseudorandom two-level test signal at the input of the first-stage quantizer, where it is added to the quantization noise. The test signal then leaks into the output signal, where it can be detected and used to control the digital noise-cancellation filter. This paper describes the correction process, as well as some efficient structures for implementing it, and demonstrates the effectiveness of the technique by describing three design examples.
HPLC Analysis of White Lupin Isoflavonoids (2000)

An investigation of the HPLC analytical conditions for simple isoflavones, prenylated isoflavones and some of their glucosyl derivatives resulted in reasonable separation and total elution in 35 min when using a reversed-phase C18 Lichrospher column and a gradient elution system of MeCN-THF-H2O. This method was successfully applied to quantify the changes in isoflavonoid constituents in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) tissues: (a) young legumes (pods and seeds) during maturation, and (b) soaked, germinating seeds. In developing legumes, genistein and 2'-hydroxygenistein, as well as their prenylated derivatives, were present in the pods as the major components, together with minor amounts of glucosides, whereas only minute amounts of isoflavonoids were detectable in the ripening seeds. When soaked with water, mature lupin seeds which normally contain trace amounts of isoflavonoids, started rapidly to biosynthesize simple isoflavones and accumulate large amounts of genistein 7-O-glucoside and its 6"-O-malonyl derivative. These dynamic changes are discussed in relation to the role of isoflavonoids in the lupin defense system.