gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Channel symbol expansion diversity-improved coded modulation for the Rayleigh fading channel (2002)

The uncorrelated Rayleigh channel can be regarded a worst case channel for digital radio communication. Crucial for the detection performance on this channel is the diversity order of the communication system, which shall be as large as possible. For trellis coded modulation (TCM) with symbol-interleaving the diversity order is the smallest number of distinct channel symbols along any error event. The diversity order can be further increased by bit-wise interleaving of the encoder output before mapping the bits onto channel symbols and is now the smallest number of distinct bits along any error event. The concept of bit-interleaving is generalized such that a convolutional code of lower rate (larger Hamming distance) can be used giving an even higher diversity order. The same spectral efficiency is maintained by an expansion of the channel symbol constellation. This concept is referred to as channel symbol expansion diversity (CSED). Simulation results indicate that this approach leads to coded modulation schemes with significantly better performance on the Rayleigh fading channel than the previously best known symbol- or bit-interleaved TCM-systems of comparable complexity. An interesting special case, referred to as repetition coded CSED, arises when the convolutional encoder is replaced by a repetition encoder. Theoretical analyses as well as simulation results indicate that this low-complexity system gives a large performance gain on the Rayleigh channel compared to uncoded signaling.
Boundary Processing of bidimensional EMD using texture synthesis (2004)

A novel boundary processing technique is proposed for bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD). BEMD is a new form of multiscale decomposition and has superior quality in extracting intrinsic components of textures. Although the boundary effect of BEMD is one of its main questions, there have been no concrete discussions or effective methods for it. A modified algorithm of nonparametric sampling for texture synthesis is used to extend images before applying BEMD. Experiments indicate that the technique proposed in This work can form better decomposition compared with past algorithms not only for textures but also for natural images.
Family Limited Partnerships: The Parts Can Be Worth Less than the Whole (2005)

Note
Eleven Golden Rules of Quantitative RT-PCR (2008)

Reverse transcription followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, or qRT-PCR, is an extremely sensitive, cost-effective method for quantifying gene transcripts from plant cells. The availability of nonspecific double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) binding fluorophors, such as SYBR Green, and
Green polymer chemistry using nature's catalysts, enzymes (2009)

Abstract The use of enzymes as catalysts for organic synthesis has become an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional chemical catalysis. Enzymes offer several advantages including high selectivity, ability to operate under mild conditions, catalyst recyclability, and biocompatibility. Although there are many examples in the literature involving enzymes for the synthesis of polymers, our search showed that very little had been done in the area of polymer modification. In this article, we will discuss enzyme catalysis in general and highlight our recent results concerning precision polymer functionalization using enzymatic catalysis—“green polymer chemistry.” © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2959–2976, 2009
The Synthetic Potential of the Isocyanide‐Cyanide Rearrangement (1987)

Abstract Excellent chemical and optical yields (>96% retention) of cyanides are achieved by vapor phase thermolysis or short contact flow thermolysis of isocyanides. trans ‐2‐Butenyl isocyanide rear‐ranges without concomitant allylic isomerization to trans ‐2‐butenyl cyanide. Optically active 1‐(formyloxymethyl)‐2‐phenylethyl cyanide is obtained from optically active L ‐phenylalanine as a new type of chiral pool synthon.
Depression of NMDA receptor‐mediated synaptic transmission by four <i>α</i><sub>2</sub> adrenoceptor agonists on the <i>in vitro</i> rat spinal cord preparation (1998)

1. Alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists have a spinal site of analgesic action. In the current study the synaptic depressant actions of xylazine, detomidine, romifidine and dexmedetomidine have been compared on segmental reflexes containing NMDA receptor-mediated components in the neonatal rat hemisected spinal cord preparation in vitro. 2. Reflexes were evoked in the ventral root following either supramaximal electrical stimulation of the corresponding ipsilateral lumbar dorsal root to evoke the high intensity excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) involving all primary afferent fibres, or low intensity stimulation to evoke the solely A fibre-mediated low intensity e.p.s.p. The high intensity e.p.s.p. contains a greater NMDA receptor-mediated component. 3. Xylazine, romifidine, detomidine and dexmedetomidine all depressed both the high intensity e.p.s.p. and the low intensity e.p.s.p. giving respective EC50 values of 0.91+/-0.2 microM (n=12), 23.4+/-3 nM (n=12), 37.7+/-7 nM (n=8) and 0.84+/-0.1 nM (n=4) for depression of the high intensity e.p.s.p. and 0.76+/-0.1 microM (n=12), 22.0+/-3 nM (n=12), 24.9+/-6 nM (n=4) and 2.7+/-0.6 nM (n=4) for depression of the low intensity e.p.s.p., respectively. Unlike the other three drugs, the two values for dexmedetomidine, showing a greater selectivity for the high intensity e.p.s.p., are significantly different. 4. Each of these depressant actions was reversed by the selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole (1 microM). 5. In contrast to previous reports of the actions of alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists on the in vitro spinal cord preparation, at concentrations ten fold higher than the above EC50 values xylazine, romifidine, detomidine and dexmedetomidine depressed the initial population spike of motoneurons (MSR). This depression was not reversed by atipamezole. 6. Comparison of the rank order of the present EC50 values for depression of the high intensity e.p.s.p. with potency ratios from in vivo analgesic tests in previous studies show a close correlation between the present in vitro tests and analgesic potency. There is no correlation between the present data and previously obtained affinities of the agonists at non-adrenergic imidazoline binding sites. 7. The current findings therefore suggest that xylazine, romifidine, detomidine and dexmedetomidine are exerting their central analgesic actions at the spinal level principally through alpha2-adrenoceptors. All four agonists showed the same profile of selective depression of the NMDA receptor-mediated component of reflexes similar to that reported previously for clonidine. However dexmedetomidine, unlike the other ligands, selectively depressed the high intensity e.p.s.p.
Epitaxial HgBa2Ca2Cu3O<i>y</i> films on SrTiO3 substrates prepared by spray pyrolysis technique (1996)

HgBa2Ca2Cu3Oy (Hg-1223) films with a thickness of 1–2 μm and Tc (zero)∼130 K have been fabricated by utilizing a spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction indicates that the films consist of predominantly Hg-1223 phase grains with c-axis orientation. Moreover, the oscillation photograph taken by a Weissenberg camera confirms that the film grains are in-plane aligned and epitaxially grown on SrTiO3. In electrical transport measurements, the as-fabricated film exhibits a Tc (zero) of 123 K, and a zero-field Jc of 3.7×105 A/cm2 at 77 K. Additional post-annealing at 320 °C for 50 h in flowing oxygen has improved the transport properties as Tc (zero)∼130 K and Jc∼4.4×105 A/cm2 (77 K, 0 T).
Targeted Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2021)

Triple-negative breast cancer is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous entity that can be categorized according to histologic, molecular, and clinical subtypes. While chemotherapy remains the backbone of treatment for this disease, there are now several available targeted agents including immunotherapy, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, and most recently a Food and Drug Administration-approved antibody-drug conjugate sacituzumab govitecan-hziy as a third-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. We review several actionable targets for triple-negative breast cancer and describe promising nonimmunotherapeutic agents including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, androgen receptor inhibitors, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, AKT (also known as protein kinase B) inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates.
The critical evaluation of a comprehensive mass spectral library (1999)

A description of the methods used to build a high quality, comprehensive reference library of electron-ionization mass spectra is presented. Emphasis is placed on the most challenging part of this project--the improvement of quality by expert evaluation. The methods employed for this task were developed over the course of a spectrum-by-spectrum review of a library containing well over 100,000 spectra. Although the effectiveness of this quality improvement task depended critically on the expertise of the evaluators, a number of guidelines are discussed which were found to be effective in performing this onerous and often subjective task. A number of specific examples of the particularly challenging task of spectrum editing are given.
Task planning for robotic manipulation in space applications (1988)

Space-based robotic systems will require novel technologies of planning and manipulation to accomplish complex tasks such as diagnosis, repair, and assembly task representation, discrete task planning, and control synthesis which provide a design environment for assembly systems, and which extend to planning of manipulation operations in unstructured environments. In this approach, assembly planning is carried out using the AND/OR graph representation which encompasses all possible partial orders of operations and may be used to plan assembly sequences. A novel algorithm for planning disassembly and repair using the AND/OR graph is introduced, and examples of repair sequences generated for a satellite electrical module are described. For discrete task planning, the configuration map facilitates search over discrete parameters in the space of bounded configuration sets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DRL1, a Homolog of the Yeast TOT4/KTI12 Protein, Has a Function in Meristem Activity and Organ Growth in Plants (2003)

The DEFORMED ROOTS AND LEAVES1 (DRL1) gene is single copy in the Arabidopsis genome, and based on overall amino acid similarity and conservation of functional domains, the DRL1 protein is homologous with yeast TOT4/KTI12. TOT4/KTI12 associates with Elongator, a multisubunit complex that binds the RNA polymerase II transcription elongation complex. Recessive mutations at the DRL1 locus caused defective organ formation indicative of disorganized shoot, inflorescence, flower, and root meristems. DRL1 is a putative ATP/GTP binding protein; in addition, calmodulin binding activity was demonstrated in vitro for the C terminus of the DRL1 protein. Phenotypic and genetic data position DRL1 relative to regulatory loci for leaf development, in which it acts early. We identified Arabidopsis homologs for the six Elongator components and hypothesize that DRL1 regulates transcription elongation through a putative plant Elongator. Upregulation of the ANGUSTIFOLIA transcript in the strong drl1-2 allele supports this model.
Dependence of relationship between inherent and apparent optical properties of water on solar altitude (1984)

A computer simulation study, using the Monte Carlo calculation procedure, has been carried out to determine in what way the relationships between the apparent and the inherent optical properties of natural waters are affected by the angle of incidence of the photons on the surface. With the particular normalized volume scattering function used in these simulations, the vertical attenuation coefficient for downward irradiance at the midpoint of the euphotic zone, K d ( z m ), can be expressed as a function of the absorption ( a ) and ( b ) coefficients, and the cosine of the incident photons just below the surface ( µ o ), in accordance with urn:x-wiley:00243590:media:lno19842920350:lno19842920350-math-0001 Thus, as the direction of the incident light departs increasingly from the vertical, K d ( z m ) increases but becomes progressively less responsive to increases in scattering at constant absorption. The irradiance reflectance just below the surface [ R (0)] at all angles of incidence increases linearly with the ratio of the backscattering coefficient ( b b ) to the absorption coefficient, and at any value of b b / a increases as the angle of the light departs further from the vertical, in approximate conformity with urn:x-wiley:00243590:media:lno19842920350:lno19842920350-math-0002
Enforcing purpose of use via workflows (2009)

One of the main privacy concerns of users when submitting their data to an organization is that their data will be used only for the specified purposes. Although privacy policies can specify the purpose, enforcing such policies remains a challenge. In this paper we propose an approach to enforcing purpose in access control systems that uses workflows. The intuition behind this approach is that purpose of access can be inferred, and hence associated with, the workflow in which the access takes place. We thus propose to encode purposes as properties of workflows used by organizations and show how this can be implemented. The approach is more general than other known approaches to purpose-based enforcement, and can be used to implement them. We argue the advantages of the new approach in terms of accuracy and expressiveness.
Studies on benzhydryl derivatives. IV. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of 2-O-(diphenylacetyl)salicylic acids. (1983)

A synthetic route to 2-O-(diphenylacetyl)salicylic acid derivatives was developed and the effects of the products on the heat-denaturation of albumin and on heat-induced erythrocytolysis were examined (in vitro anti-inflammation test). Trichloroethyl salicylate was acylated with diphenylacetic acid and its derivatives in the presence of methanesulfonyl chloride and pyridine, and the products were deprotected with zinc-acetic acid to give 2-O-(diphenylacetyl)salicylic acid derivatives. Their biological effects resembled those of ibuprofen.
Relaxin Gene Expression in the Sow Corpus Luteum during the Cycle, Pregnancy, and Lactation* (1990)

Relaxin (RLX) mRNA was sought in the corpus luteum of the pig during the cycle, pregnancy, and lactation using Northern analysis and in situ hybridization. Three oligonucleotide probes to regions of the preprorelaxin molecule were used for hybridization to detect RLX message and gave similar results. Northern analysis showed a single 1-kilobase RLX transcript at all three stages of the reproductive cycle studied. The intensity of the RLX hybridization signal was greatest in pregnancy and varied during the cycle. The signal in ovaries from day 3 cyclic animals increased by day 13 and declined on day 19. However, the hybridization signal at midcycle was only 2% of that during pregnancy. After parturition on day 2 of lactation, RLX message was still detected in the ovary, although at reduced levels compared with those during the cycle and pregnancy. In situ hybridization results showed hybridization to RLX mRNA in luteal tissue on day 13 of the cycle, but not on day 3 or 19. An increased hybridization signal was observed on days 40, 60, and 90 of pregnancy, with a decline on day 2 of lactation. Control sections incubated with labeled heterologous probe or preincubated with excess unlabeled probe did not hybridize. These results indicate a good correlation between the relative concentrations of RLX transcript and immunohistochemical results previously reported in the corpus luteum of the sow. In addition, they demonstrate that the RLX gene is expressed in luteal tissue, not only in pregnancy, but also in the cycle and early lactation.
In Situ Volatile Collection, Analysis, and Comparison of Three Centaurea Species and Their Relationship to Biocontrol with Herbivorous Insects (2008)

Centaurea solstitialis, commonly known as yellow starthistle, is an invasive plant listed as a noxious weed in the western areas of North America and is the target of classical biological control, which involves release of herbivores known to be specific to this plant. These insects often choose their host plant on the basis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted. Accordingly, volatile analysis of host plants can provide insight into VOCs that may attract and/or repel the insect. To this end, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and a customized collection bag were utilized to perform in situ volatile collection on intact and mechanically damaged leaves of Centaurea solstitialis, Centaurea cyanus, and Centaurea cineraria. Volatile identification was performed by GC-MS, and the VOC differences were determined. The plants C. solstitialis and C. cyanus have been reported to attract the weevil, Ceratapion basicorne, a candidate for biological control, whereas C. cineraria does not attract the weevil. Major VOCs unique to C. cineraria include the sesquiterpenes cyclosativene, alpha-ylangene, and trans-alpha-bergamotene. The compound trans-beta-farnesene was unique to C. solstitialis and C. cyanus.
Genome Sequence of the Spinosyns-Producing Bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395 (2011)

Saccharopolyspora spinosa is a Gram-positive bacterium that produces spinosad, a well-known biodegradable insecticide that is used for agricultural pest control and has an excellent environmental and mammalian toxicological profile. Here, we present the first draft genome sequence of the type strain Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395, which consists of 22 scaffolds.
HIV-1 gp160 protein-macrophage interactions modulate mesangial cell proliferation and matrix synthesis. (1995)

Patients with HIV infection often develop glomerular lesions (focal segmental glomerular sclerosis). Because mesangial expansion (enhanced mesangial cell (MC) growth and matrix accumulation) has been demonstrated to precede the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, we studied the effect of the interaction between HIV-1 proteins such as gp160 envelope protein and macrophages on mesangial cell proliferation and matrix synthesis. We determined the effect of control media, serum-free macrophage supernatant (MSP), and serum-free HIV-1 gp 160 protein-treated MSP (gp 160-MSP) on the proliferation of MC and synthesis of collagen type IV (a component of mesangial matrix). MSP (20%) enhanced (P < 0.01) MC proliferation (control, 7.58 +/- 0.29 versus MSP, 9.06 +/- 0.25 x 10(4) cells/ml), whereas gp 160-MSP (20%) inhibited (P < 0.001) MC proliferation (gp160-MSP, 5.58 +/- 0.14 x 10(4) cells/ml). gp160-MSP modulated MC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; it enhanced cell proliferation at a lower concentration but inhibited cell proliferation at a higher concentration. Anti-TGF-beta antibody attenuated the effect of gp160-MSP on MC proliferation at lower as well as higher concentrations. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation studies also showed the modulation of MC proliferation by gp160-MSP. Interaction of other HIV proteins such as HIV-1 Gag4 and HIV-1 Tat with macrophages did not affect MC proliferation when compared with MSP alone. gp160-MSP also enhanced (P < 0.001) synthesis of type IV collagen by MC (control, 467.8 +/- 9.0; MSP, 501.0 +/- 25.0; gp160-MSP, 775.5 +/- 39.0 ng/mg protein). The effect of gp160-MSP on collagen synthesis by MC was dose-dependent. Anti-TGF-beta antibody attenuated the gp160-MSP-induced mesangial cell collagen synthesis. The present study provides a basis for speculation that macrophage-gp160 interaction products have the potential to cause expansion of the mesangium.
Issues in a broadband 4-channel reduced Stokes polarimeter (2002)

In this paper we outline and address some of the challenges encountered in calibrating a visible 4-channel imaging reduced Stokes polarimeter. Specifically we expose the errors associated with the retardance of the optical elements in the system and show how the presence of circular polarization can affect the measurement of the linear states of polarization. These errors are analyzed in some detail and several possible solutions are proposed.
Expression of the DNA repair enzyme, N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG) in astrocytic tumors. (2003)

These results suggest an MPG's role in human astrocytic tumors and raise the possibility that the altered MPG expression and intracellular localization could be associated with astrocytic tumorigenesis.
The Nursing Life: Where Do Tired Nurses Go? (1995)

Supervising an older staff nurse forces a new nurse manager to confront the issue of aging in direct care—and her own professional mortality.
SELLING EXPERT KNOWLEDGE: THE ROLE OF CONSULTANTS IN SINGAPORE'S NEW ECONOMY (2002)

In the emerging globalised knowledge society/economy, a group of professionals, namely experts and consultants gain in importance. The paper discusses the following issues: Who are these experts and consultants? Why is this group of knowledge workers strategically important and why is their importance - socially in terms of number of persons and economically in terms of output or turnover - growing? How can we explain the increasing professionalisation of consultants? How do they gain their expertise and which role does academic knowledge play in professional attainment? How do consultants package and apply expert knowledge? What are the challenges experts and consultants are facing in the new economy? Data from a survey of local consultancy firms are used to construct a profile of the Singapore consulting industry, their staff and their professional organisations. International consultants are more aggressive in advertising and selling their expertise than local consultants. They tend to distance themselves from academics as the producers of innovative knowledge, but stress their own experience. Finally we discuss the new situation under which consultants have to operate in the new economy.
Application of a Microtechnique to Viral Serological Investigations (1962)

Summary A microtechnique (modified Takatsy) is described which can be applied to complement fixation, hemagglutination, hemagglutination inhibition and metabolic inhibition tests. The system permits an 8-fold saving of reagents and rapid performance of microdilutions. The specific methods and modifications of equipment necessary to obtain reliable results are presented in detail. Comparative data obtained with the micro- and standard systems establish the reliability and validity of the microsystem.
Germans and Turks in Retreat Period from February 15 to March 17, 1917 (1917)

Essay| April 01 1917 Germans and Turks in Retreat Period from February 15 to March 17, 1917: American View J. B. W. Gardiner J. B. W. Gardiner Formerly Lieutenant Eleventh United States Cavalry Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1917) 6_Part-1 (1): 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1917.6P1.1.27 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. B. W. Gardiner; Germans and Turks in Retreat Period from February 15 to March 17, 1917: American View. Current History 1 July 1917; 6_Part-1 (1): 27–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1917.6P1.1.27 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1917 by The Regents of the University of California1917 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.