gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The methodology to monitor gaseous contamination in data centers (2013)

In recent years, the data center reliability is paid more attention due to in cloud computing application. In general, the longer term reliability requirement is concerned for it than in general products when in service life. With the more and more severe environmental pollution, the air quality will also directly or indirectly influence the life of data center wherever indoor and outdoor. The air pollution usually has many sources, such as automotive emissions, heavy industrial emissions, volcanoes, landfill sites and so on. Various air pollutant rich in oxide, chloride and sulfur can potentially cause electrical function failure due to corrosion phenomenon on electronic equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective methodology to detect the air quality to extend the life of the data center, as well as the reliability qualification method for material selection. Currently, there are 3 kinds of popular methods to simulate the contaminated air atmosphere in the industry. They are MFG (Mixing Flowing Gas), FoS (Flower of Sulfur) and Clay. MFG is a precise method able to combine various gases in the chamber for real environmental simulation while FoS and Clay method only take sulfur containing gas into account. It will be reviewed their application and advantage in this paper. In addition, Coulometric reduction is a cathodic reduction method and primarily designed to determine the relative buildup of corrosion and tarnish films on metal surfaces by the constant-current coulometric technique. It will be adopted to measure corrosive film thickness with the copper and silver coupons after exposing the metal coupon in the corrosive gas at period of time until thirty days under controlled humidity. In general, the major corrosive products are copper oxide (CuO and Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O), copper sulfur (Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S), silver chloride (AgCl) and silver sulfur (AgS) and can be classified by ISA-S71.04 standard and 2011 ASHRAE data centers guidelines for their severity levels. In the paper, it will be reviewed the corrosive reaction rate of Cu and Ag with S to be referenced for product design when selecting relevant materials.
Development of molecular markers linked to a gene controlling fruit acidity in citrus (1997)

Fruit juice pH, titratable acidity, or citric acid content was measured in 6 populations derived from an acidless pummelo (pummelo 2240) (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merrill). The acidless trait in pummelo 2240 is controlled by a single recessive gene called acitric. Using bulked segregant analysis, three RAPD markers were identified as linked to acitric. RAPD marker OpZ20410, which mapped 1.2 cM from acitric, was cloned and sequenced, and a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker (SCZ20) was developed. The SCZ20-410 marker allele that is linked to the acitric allele occurs only in pummelo 2240 and other pummelos, and therefore, this SCAR marker should be useful as a dominant or codominant marker for introgressing acitric into mandarins and other citrus species. Using the cloned OpZ20410 band as a hybridization probe revealed a codominant RFLP marker called RFZ20 that mapped 1.2 cM from acitric. Progeny homozygous (acac) for the acitric allele had citric acid content below 10 μM, the minimum level detectable by high pressure liquid chromatography. The citric acid content of fruit juice from progeny predicted to be heterozygous (Acac) for acitric by the above markers was about 30% lower than that of juice from individuals predicted to be homozygous (AcAc) for the normal acid allele. Markers OpZ20410, SCZ20, and RFZ20 were highly polymorphic among 59 citrus accessions, and using one or more of these markers would allow citrus breeders to select seedling progeny heterozygous for acitric in nearly all crosses between pummelo 2240 or its offspring and other citrus genotypes.
Cosegregation of intragenic markers with a novel mutation that causes Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I: implication in carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. (1993)

Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1 (CN-1) is a familial disorder characterized by severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice and leads to kernicterus, neurological damage, and eventual death unless treated with liver transplantation. Previous reports identified mutations in the UGT1 gene complex to be the cause of the disease. The total absence of all phenol/bilirubin UGT proteins and their activities in liver homogenate of a CN-1 patient was determined by enzymological and immunochemical analysis. A novel homozygous nonsense mutation (CGA-->TGA) was identified in the patient by the combined techniques of PCR and direct sequencing. This mutation was located in exon 3 of the constant region in the gene complex which is common to all phenol and bilirubin UGTs. The segregation of the mutation in the patient's family was analyzed and confirmed the recessive nature of the disease. Newly developed intragenic polymorphic probes (UGT1* 4 and UGT-Const) were used on Southern blots of MspI-digested genomic DNA of the patient and his family. The segregation of individual alleles within the family was observed from haplotypes generated. Comparison of the segregation of haplotypes with the mutation for the patient and his family revealed the allele identified by the A1-B1-C2 haplotype to be carrying the mutation. The risk of recombination occurring is negligible, because of the intragenic nature of the probes. This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of these probes in carrier detection and prenatal/presymptomatic diagnosis.
Hemorrhagic fever caused by a novel tick-borne Bunyavirus in Huaiyangshan, China. (2011)

A novel tick-borne Bunyavirus causing life-threatening hemorrhagic fever in humans has emerged in the Huaiyangshan mountain areas of China. Further studies are needed to determine the epidemiology, geographic distribution and vertebrate animal ecology of this virus.
Up to 64 QAM/32 Gbaud flexible dual polarization transmitter for future elastic optical networks (2013)

Next generation elastic optical networks will very likely require dual polarization (DP) optical transmitter with inherent flexibility to dynamically change its baud rate and/or modulation format. We develop a prototype of compact flexible DP M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) optical transmitter and demonstrate its reconfigurability to accommodate baud rates ranging from 8 to 32 Gbaud/s using the same hardware. The prototype has another advantage in that the modulation format can also be dynamically changed from binary phase shift keying up to 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) for single and DPs, all over a single optical carrier. This allows the generation of variable data rate up to 384-Gb/s over a single wavelength. Experimental results show that for the most challenging setting of DP-64 QAM/32 Gbaud, the worst case values of error vector magnitude and bit error rate are 6.7 and 3×10 −2 , respectively. For less stringent settings, i.e., lower baud rate and/or lower modulation format, forward error correction limit error free transmission is easily obtained. Further results are also reported to demonstrate transmitter flexibility and software definability, by measuring symbol streams showing instantaneous swapping between modulation schemes with a swapping time less than 10 symbols duration, i.e., 0.3 ns.
Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Recent Advances and Trends (2017)

Recent years have witnessed tremendous advances in point-of-care diagnostics (POCD), which are a result of continuous developments in biosensors, microfluidic, bioanalytical platforms, assay formats, lab-on-a-chip technologies, and complementary technologies. This special issue targets the critical advances in POCD and provides guided insights and directions for future research.
The effect of leaving group variation on reactivity in the dissociative hydrolysis of aryl 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonates (1997)

The hydrolysis of aryl esters of 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid in moderately to strongly alkaline aqueous solution follows a dissociative pathway with the participation of a sulfoquinone (thioquinone dioxide) intermediate. Brønsted-type correlation between log kapp and pKLG and inspection of the effective charge changes involved in the reaction further support the ElcB mechanism. From this and previous studies it appears that aryl esters of hydroxyarenesulfonic acids seem to be more inclined to hydrolyse through dissociative pathways than the corresponding hydroxyarenecarboxylic acids esters.
PsaE Is Required for in Vivo Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (1993)

Electron transfer rates to P700+ have been determined in wild-type and three interposon mutants (psaE-, ndhF-, and psaE- ndhF-) of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. All three mutants grew significantly more slowly than wild type at low light intensities, and each failed to grow photoheterotrophically in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and a metabolizable carbon source. The kinetics of P700+ reduction were similar in the wild-type and mutant whole cells in the absence of DCMU. In the presence of DCMU, the P700+ reduction rate in the psaE mutant was significantly slower than in the wild type. In the presence of DCMU and potassium cyanide, added to inhibit the outflow of electrons through cytochrome oxidase, P700+ reduction rates increased for both the psaE- and ndhF- strains. The reduction rates for these two mutants were nonetheless slower than that observed for the wild-type strain. The further addition of methyl viologen caused the rate of P700+ reduction in the wild type to become as slow as that for the psaE mutant in the absence of methyl viologen. Given the ability of methyl viologen to intercept electrons from the acceptor side of photosystem I, this response reveals a lesion in cyclic electron flow in the psaE mutant. In the presence of DCMU, the rate of P700+ reduction in the psaE ndhF double mutant was very slow and nearly identical with that for the wild-type strain in the presence of 2,4-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone, a condition under which physiological electron donation to P700+ should be completely inhibited. These results suggest that NdhF- and PsaE-dependent electron donation to P700+ occurs only via plastoquinone and/or cytochrome b6/f and indicate that there are three major electron sources for P700+ reduction in this cyanobacterium. We conclude that, although PsaE is not required for linear electron flow to NADP+, it is an essential component in the cyclic electron transport pathway around photosystem I.
Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) Blended with Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)-<i>b</i>-polystyrene for the Formation of Anion Exchange Membranes (2014)

A block copolymer of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)-b-polystyrene (PVBC-b-PS) was synthesized through nitroxide-mediated polymerization, then blended with poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) at different compositions, and solution cast to prepare a series of blend films. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the PVBC-b-PS and PVBC-b-PS blended with the PPO showed a single glass transition temperature for each of the compositions examined, suggesting that all components in the blend membranes are compatible. The benzyl chloride groups in the blend films were converted to quaternary ammonium groups by reaction with trimethylamine, and the functionalization reached high conversion as characterized by ion exchange capacity (IEC) measurements. The PPO blend anion exchange membranes (AEMs) show improved mechanical properties compared to the styrenic copolymer, particularly in a hydrated condition. The membranes were subjected to thermal and THF/water annealing procedures to study the effect on membrane properties. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments indicated the formation of a phase-separated morphology in the membrane after annealing with solvent vapor in the presence of water. The ionic conductivities of the blended membranes show an expected increase with increasing IEC and corresponding water uptake. Ionic conductivity and water uptake were found to increase significantly after either annealing in the presence of water and THF or high-temperature annealing in the presence of water. The highest hydroxide conductivity reached 43 mS/cm measured at 60 °C in water.
Managing quality improvement (1984)

HD28 .M414 no.1607-, 84, Quality of products, Management,
Effects of interferon-gamma on nitric oxide synthase activity and endothelin-1 production by vascular endothelial cells. (1992)

Given the pivotal role suggested for IFN-gamma in immune diseases of the vascular wall, we investigated the effects of IFN-gamma on nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). We have previously reported that TNF-alpha enhanced NO synthase activity in BAEC as assessed by quantifying release of bioactive NO with reporter monolayers and measuring conversion of L-[14C]arginine to L-[14C] citrulline. In murine macrophages IFN-gamma synergizes with TNF-alpha or lipopolysaccharide to induce robust increases in calcium-independent NO synthase activity. In this study we have found that IFN-gamma alone failed to have a significant effect on NO synthase activity in BAEC. In contrast to murine macrophages, IFN-gamma inhibited TNF-alpha-stimulated induction of endothelial NO synthase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. This observation suggests that there is major difference in the response of BAEC and murine macrophages to IFN-gamma. A second major aim of this study was to determine the effect of IFN-gamma on preproET-1 mRNA expression and ET-1 secretion rates in BAEC. IFN-gamma alone had little or no effect on ET-1 mRNA levels and basal ET release when measured for 8 h. However, cotreatment with IFN-gamma potentiated the stimulatory effect of TNF-alpha on BAEC ET-1 mRNA transcript levels and ET release. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with IFN-gamma for 16-24 h blunted the stimulatory effect of TNF-alpha. These findings suggest that endothelial cell expression of vasoactive mediators is modified by the temporal interplay of at least two immune mediators, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.
Determination of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde and Related Compounds (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde and Related CompoundsJ. H. Turner, P. A. Rebers, P. L. Barrick, and R. H. CottonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 5, 898–901Publication Date (Print):May 19, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60089a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60089a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Contour compression using trapezoid method (2008)

An efficient algorithm for the contour data approximation and compression is presented and discussed in this paper. The contour inputs are represented in Cartesian coordinates. The contour input is processed and some of the vertices are chosen as the vertices of the contour polygon. We also discuss the main idea of the analysed approach and we will compare it with the Ramer and Triangle methods of contour approximation. The single step parallel contour extraction (SSPCE) method will be used in this work. For comparison, we are going to use the mean square error and signal-to-noise ratio criterions. Computational time of analysed method is estimated depending on a number of numerical operations. This paper shows that the simplicity and the small number of operations are the main advantages of the proposed algorithm.
Incremental gradient on the Grassmannian for online foreground and background separation in subsampled video (2012)

It has recently been shown that only a small number of samples from a low-rank matrix are necessary to reconstruct the entire matrix. We bring this to bear on computer vision problems that utilize low-dimensional subspaces, demonstrating that subsampling can improve computation speed while still allowing for accurate subspace learning. We present GRASTA, Grassmannian Robust Adaptive Subspace Tracking Algorithm, an online algorithm for robust subspace estimation from randomly subsampled data. We consider the specific application of background and foreground separation in video, and we assess GRASTA on separation accuracy and computation time. In one benchmark video example [16], GRASTA achieves a separation rate of 46.3 frames per second, even when run in MATLAB on a personal laptop.
Transmembrane Ion Fluxes during Activation of Human T Lymphocytes: Role of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> Exchange and Phospholipid Turnover (1987)

The importance of increases in [Ca2+]i, stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange, and turnover of membrane phospholipids as signals for mitogen-induced activation of human T cells has been reviewed. In the presence of optimal concentrations of lectin and appropriately presented antigen, T cells increase [Ca2+]i, secrete IL2, express IL2 receptors and later divide. An increase in [Ca2+]i is critical for IL2 secretion in contrast to the requirements for IL2 receptor expression and IL2-IL2 receptor interaction. Treatment of T cells with TPA appears to bypass the requirement for an increase in [Ca2+]i for IL2 secretion and cell proliferation, indicating that various mitogens can trigger T cells through both [Ca2+]i-dependent and [Ca2+]i-independent pathways. Influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular milieu appears essential for the induced increase in [Ca2+]i associated with IL2 secretion. These increases in [Ca2+]i, which are correlated with the degree of lymphoproliferation and IL2 secretion, are sensitive to changes in membrane potential. The changes in [Ca2+]i are not mediated by the opening of voltage-gated K+ channels but the nature of the potential-sensitive event remains to be determined. The membrane potential effects may be mediated through the gating of a putative Ca2+ channel or by affecting the inward electrochemical Ca2+ gradient. It is clear that lymphoid cells of both T and B lineage possess a functional Na+/H+ antiport, which plays a central role in the regulation of pHi. It is also generally agreed that the antiport can be stimulated by mitogens, co-mitogens and by agents that induce differentiation. The meaning of this stimulation is not, however, entirely understood. It may be an essential signal or link in the series of events triggered by the binding of ligands to their membrane receptors. Alternatively, it may represent an ancillary event, intended to increase H+ ejection in anticipation of an increased metabolic rate. Finally, a third possible reason for the stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange could be to increase the osmotic content of the cells, inducing cell swelling that may be an early requirement for cellular growth. Indeed, amiloride-sensitive cellular swelling has been detected electronically following treatment of T lymphocytes with TPA (Grinstein et al. 1985a). PHA is a potent activator of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. In other cell types, receptors are coupled to phospholipase C by a G protein(s). However, the transducing mechanism in human peripheral blood lymphocytes does not appear to be a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein(s).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Use of Porous Tantalum Metaphyseal Cones for Severe Tibial Bone Loss During Revision Total Knee Replacement (2009)

At the time of short-term follow-up, the porous tantalum metaphyseal tibial cones effectively provided structural support for the tibial implants in this series. The potential for long-term biologic fixation may provide durability for these tibial reconstructions. Long-term follow-up and comparison with alternative reconstructive techniques will be required to evaluate the true effectiveness of this treatment approach.
Computer‐aided plastic parts design for injection molding (1988)

Abstract A new software concept for an integrated computer‐aided design procedure for injection‐molded parts is presented. This software has been developed in close cooperation with the plastics industry and therefore takes into consideration, to a very high degree, requirements arising from practical use. The resulting program, named CADFORM, links commercial and newly developed plastics‐specific software and thus enables all the steps involved in designing a new molding and the corresponding mold to be carried out within one program system.
A propos d'Albert d'Aix et de Richard le Pèlerin. (1990)

La chronique de la premiere Croisade attribuee traditionnellement a Albert d'Aix semble en fait se composer de deux parties dont la premiere parait etre liee a la Chanson francaise attribuee, elle, a un certain Richard le Pelerin. Les questions relatives aux lieux et aux conditions de la composition et de la diffusion de cette chronique n'en demeurent pas moins
Latchup in integrated circuits from energetic protons (1997)

Proton latchup was investigated for several CMOS integrated circuits, including a modern microprocessor. The proton latchup cross sections of these devices differed by more than two orders of magnitude. A modeling approach that takes differences in charge collection processes for long- and short-range particles into account was effective in comparing latchup cross sections in heavy-ion and proton environments, as well as explaining why the proton cross sections were so different among the device types.
Targeted imaging using ultrasound contrast agents (2004)

The applications of ultrasound contrast agents have recently expanded from blood pool enhancement to include passive targeting of physiological systems (in particular, the lymphatic and reticuloendothelial systems) and molecular imaging of factors expressed in angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and inflammation. This article summarizes the progress made in targeted imaging using ultrasound with an emphasis on the opportunities this research provides for both clinical and research applications. We begin with a summary of current ultrasound contrast technology and then review the latest research in the use of targeted ultrasound contrast agents.