gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction of ubiquitous acoustic spaces using audio watermark technology and mobile terminals (2007)

Abstract We propose ‘Ubiquitous Acoustic Spaces,’ where each sound source can emit some address information and automatically enable us to access its related cyber space, using mobile terminals. This will be used for a new type of wireless advertisement for mobile phones using sound media. In order to realize this, we have proposed a nearly lossless audio watermarking technique, utilizing two‐channel stereo audio characteristics. This enables contactless asynchronous detection of embedded watermarks through loudspeaker and microphone devices even by using cell phones. We extend the embedding frequency band width and improve the extraction precision. Thus we enable watermark extraction from both stereo channels. Possible embedding data rate can be extended to 80 bps, and almost 100% data can be extracted in case of using PC or PDA devices as terminals. Moreover, we can carry out the watermark extraction even from cell phone loudspeakers or through public telephone networks. From our experiments, almost 100% extraction of 20 bps embedded data could be achieved with these phone devices. In this paper, we describe briefly our newly proposed dual monaural watermark embedding algorithms, and present a prototype system of ubiquitous acoustic spaces using cell phones, based on our experimental results of extraction precision on several capture signal conditions including experiments using cell phones or public telephone networks. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of Several Factors on the Synthesis of Calcium Hydroxide Prepared by Spray Drying Method Using Limestone (2007)

The purpose of this work is to influence of CaO concentrations of 5.0 wt.% and 10.0 wt.%, slurry feeding rate of 200~400 /min, rotating rate of drum of 5,000 and 10,000 rpm, inlet and outlet temperature on the synthesis of Ca(OH)2 powder, and the synthesis of precipitated calcium carbonate by carbonation process using Ca(OH)2 prepared by spray drying method. As the feeding rate of slurry was increased, the particle size of Ca(OH)2 was decreased. Regardless of rotating rate of drum, when the concentration of CaO was 5.0 wt.% and 10.0 wt.%, the morphology of Ca(OH)2 showed spherical shape of 10~30 μm and 20~60 μm, respectively. The specific surface area of synthesized Ca(OH)2 was 27~30 m2/g. When the initial reaction temperature was 11 °C and 30 °C, the shape and particle size of precipitated calcium carbonate synthesized in the carbonation process showed the rectangular shape of 0.1~0.4 μm and the spindle shape of 0.5~1.0 μm, respectively.
Electrochemical Detection of Trace Hydrogen Sulfide in Gaseous Samples by Porous Silver Electrodes Supported on Ion-Exchange Membranes (Solid Polymer Electrolytes) (1995)

A highly sensitive and fast-responding electroanalytical sensor for the determination of hydrogen sulfide in gaseous atmospheres is described which eliminates oxygen interferences. It consists of a porous silver working electrode (facing the sample) supported on one face of an ion-exchange membrane, which serves as a solid polymer electrolyte. The other side of the membrane faces an internal electrolyte solution containing the counter and reference electrodes. The performance of this sensor has been tested for the electroanalysis of H2S by amperometric monitoring, cathodic stripping measurements, and now injection analysis. In all cases, the device displays a high current sensitivity and a low background noise, so that quite low detection limits (45 ppb v/v, 0.07 ppb v/v, and 3.7 x 10(-13) mol in amperometric, cathodic stripping, and flow injection measurements, respectively) are estimated for a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The responses are found to be characterized by both a good reproducibility and a linear dependence on the concentration of H2S over fairly wide ranges, as well as by a short response time (ca. 0.5 s to attain a 95% response). This fast response time arises from the lack of a gas-permeable membrane and direct gas contact to the triple interphase among the gaseous analyte, the porous working electrode, and the solid polymer electrolyte. The absence of any effect due to the most important potential interfering species and the possibility of adopting such a device for the direct detection of H2S in ambient air and for industrial hygiene measurements are discussed.
Copolyesters from Soybean Oil for Use as Resorbable Biomaterials (2015)

A family of soybean oil (SO) based biodegradable cross-linked copolyesters sourced from renewable resources was developed for use as resorbable biomaterials. The polyesters were prepared by a melt condensation of epoxidized soybean oil polyol and sebacic acid with citric acid (CA) as a cross-linker. d-Mannitol (M) was added as an additional reactant to improve mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the polyester synthesized using only CA as the cross-linker was semicrystalline and elastomeric at physiological temperature. The polymers were hydrophobic in nature. The water wettability, elongation at break and the degradation rate of the polyesters decreased with increase in M content or curing time. Modeling of release kinetics of dyes showed a diffusion controlled mechanism underlies the observed sustained release from these polymers. The polyesters supported attachment and proliferation of human stem cells and were thus cytocompatible. Porous scaffolds induced osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells suggesting that these polymers are well suited for bone tissue engineering. Thus, this family of polyesters offers a low cost and green alternative as biocompatible, bioresobable polymers for potential use as resorbable biomaterials for tissue engineering and controlled release.
Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis (1989)

To investigate whether the coexistence of secondary biliary cirrhosis plays a limiting role in the treatment of hepatolithiasis, we retrospectively compared the clinical course and results of stone treatment in 30 patients with secondary biliary cirrhosis (8 in Child's class A and 22 in Child's class B) (group 1) and 240 patients with noncirrhotic biliary calculi (group 2). The hospital mortality, morbidity of treatment, mortality of treatment, and the percentage of treatment failure in group 1 were 20%, 40%, 6.7%, and 16.7%, respectively. Those in group 2 were 8%, 10%, 3.8%, and 10%, respectively. The modes of treatment for stone removal included surgery with postoperative cholangioscopy and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. There was a statistically significant difference between these two groups in the hospital mortality and the morbidity of treatment. We conclude that hepatolithiasis and biliary stricture should be treated early, before the development of secondary biliary cirrhosis. However, even after cirrhosis occurs, aggressive treatment does not increase the mortality of treatment or the treatment failure rate.
Coming of Age (2018)

The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol is the de-facto standard for encrypted communication on the Internet. However, it has been plagued by a number of different attacks and security issues over the last years. Addressing these attacks requires changes to the protocol, to server- or client-software, or to all of them. In this paper we conduct the first large-scale longitudinal study examining the evolution of the TLS ecosystem over the last six years. We place a special focus on the ecosystem's evolution in response to high-profile attacks.
The Insulinotropic Action of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in the Perfused Isolated Rat Pancreas (1976)

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) produced a dose-related increase in immunoreactive insulin (IRI) from the perfused isolated rat pancreas. The doses employed were within physiological limits. This effect was glucose-concentration-dependent in that there existed a threshold concentration of glucose above which GIP exerted the insulinotropic action, and that, at a fixed concentration of GIP, increased glucose concentrations stimulated IRI release in more than an additive manner. A biologically active fragment of the GIP molecule was isolated and purified. All criteria have been satisfied that GIP is an insulinotropic hormone.
Characterization of photovoltaic cells using poly(phenylenevinylene) doped with perylenediimide electron acceptors (1998)

The performance of a sandwich junction device based on doped 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)phenylenevinylene (BEH-PPV) is reported. The power conversion efficiency is dependent on the doping level, external load, and work function of the cathode. The increase in power conversion efficiency (ηe=0.8%) is due to efficient charge separation resulting from photoinduced electron transfer from the BEH-PPV donor to the perylene dicarboximide acceptor.
Object tracking on event cameras with offline–online learning (2020)

Compared with conventional image sensors, event cameras have been attracting attention thanks to their potential in environments under fast motion and high dynamic range (HDR). To tackle the lost‐track issue due to fast illumination changes under HDR scene such as tunnels, an object tracking framework has been presented based on event count images from an event camera. The framework contains an offline‐trained detector and an online‐trained tracker which complement each other: The detector benefits from pre‐labelled data during training, but may have false or missing detections; the tracker provides persistent results for each initialised object but may suffer from drifting issues or even failures. Besides, process and measurement equations have been modelled, and a Kalman fusion scheme has been proposed to incorporate measurements from the detector and the tracker. Self‐initialisation and track maintenance in the fusion scheme ensure autonomous real‐time tracking without user intervene. With self‐collected event data in urban driving scenarios, experiments have been conducted to show the performance of the proposed framework and the fusion scheme.
Analysis of Least-Squares Velocity Inversion (1989)

“This book grew out of an attempt to understand the mechanisms through which band-limited reflection seismograms determine velocity distributions in elastic models of the earth's crust. The authors were especially interested in the feasibility of recovering very slowly varying (out-of-passband) velocity components from band-limited (highfrequency) reflection data. That interest was spurred by reports of successful inversions for layered media.”
Angiogenesis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB Expression, Iron Deposition, and Oxidation-Specific Epitopes in Stented Human Coronary Arteries (2001)

Pathogenesis of in-stent restenosis remains poorly understood because information from human histopathologic studies is scarce. We used an improved saw-grinding and cutting method on methacrylate-embedded samples containing metal stents, which allows in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis of in-stent restenosis. Twenty-one samples were collected 3 hours to 3 years after stenting from 6 patients aged 36 to 81 years. Except in very early samples collected within hours after the stent deployment, neovascularization was present in all segments studied. At advanced stages, extensive neovascularization was located mainly at the luminal side of the stent struts and was only rarely accompanied by inflammatory cells. The neovessels colocalized with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A mRNA and protein expression as well as with iron deposits and oxidation-specific epitopes, which imply the presence of chronic oxidative stress. VEGF-A expression was detected in the same areas containing macrophages, endothelial cells, and, to a lesser extent, smooth muscle cells, which also showed platelet-derived growth factor-BB expression. We conclude that in-stent restenosis features neovascularization, VEGF-A and platelet-derived growth factor-BB expression, and iron deposition, which is most probably derived from microhemorrhages. These mechanisms may play an important role in the development of neointimal thickening and could provide useful targets for the prevention and treatment of in-stent restenosis.
Clinical and palliative care outcomes for patients of poor performance status treated with antiprogrammed death‐1 monoclonal antibodies for advanced melanoma (2017)

Patients with poor baseline PS have a significantly lower OS and reduced response to anti-PD1. Further quality of life and palliative care research is needed.
The <i>Caenorhabditis elegans rol-6</i> Gene, Which Interacts with the <i>sqt-1</i> Collagen Gene To Determine Organismal Morphology, Encodes a Collagen (1990)

The rol-6 gene is one of the more than 40 loci in Caenorhabditis elegans that primarily affect organismal morphology. Certain mutations in the rol-6 gene produce animals that have the right roller phenotype, i.e., they are twisted into a right-handed helix. The rol-6 gene interacts with another gene that affects morphology, sqt-1; a left roller allele of sqt-1 acts as a dominant suppressor of a right roller allele of rol-6. The sqt-1 gene has previously been shown to encode a collagen. We isolated and sequenced the rol-6 gene and found that it also encodes a collagen. The rol-6 gene was identified by physical mapping of overlapping chromosomal deficiencies that cover the gene and by identification of an allele-specific restriction site alteration. The amino acid sequence of the collagen encoded by rol-6 is more similar to that of the sqt-1 collagen than to any of the other ten C. elegans cuticle collagen sequences compared. The locations of cysteine residues flanking the Gly-X-Y repeat regions of rol-6 and sqt-1 are identical, but differ from those in the other collagens. The sequence similarities between rol-6 and sqt-1 indicate that they represent a new collagen subfamily in C. elegans. These findings suggest that these two collagens physically interact, possibly explaining the genetic interaction seen between the rol-6 and sqt-1 genes.
Plethora of transitions during breakup of liquid filaments (2015)

Thinning and breakup of liquid filaments are central to dripping of leaky faucets, inkjet drop formation, and raindrop fragmentation. As the filament radius decreases, curvature and capillary pressure, both inversely proportional to radius, increase and fluid is expelled with increasing velocity from the neck. As the neck radius vanishes, the governing equations become singular and the filament breaks. In slightly viscous liquids, thinning initially occurs in an inertial regime where inertial and capillary forces balance. By contrast, in highly viscous liquids, initial thinning occurs in a viscous regime where viscous and capillary forces balance. As the filament thins, viscous forces in the former case and inertial forces in the latter become important, and theory shows that the filament approaches breakup in the final inertial-viscous regime where all three forces balance. However, previous simulations and experiments reveal that transition from an initial to the final regime either occurs at a value of filament radius well below that predicted by theory or is not observed. Here, we perform new simulations and experiments, and show that a thinning filament unexpectedly passes through a number of intermediate transient regimes, thereby delaying onset of the inertial-viscous regime. The new findings have practical implications regarding formation of undesirable satellite droplets and also raise the question as to whether similar dynamical transitions arise in other free-surface flows such as coalescence that also exhibit singularities.
Influence of Charge Distribution at the Active Site Surface on the Substrate Specificity of Human Neutrophil Protease 3 and Elastase (2006)

The biological functions of human neutrophil protease 3 (Pr3) differ from those of neutrophil elastase despite their close structural and functional resemblance. Although both proteases are strongly cationic, their sequences differ mainly in the distribution of charged residues. We have used these differences in electrostatic surface potential in the vicinity of their active site to produce fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide substrates for investigating individual Pr3 subsites. The specificities of subsites S5 to S3' were investigated both kinetically and by molecular dynamic simulations. Subsites S2, S1', and S2' were the main definers of Pr3 specificity. Combinations of results for each subsite were used to deduce a consensus sequence that was complementary to the extended Pr3 active site and was not recognized by elastase. Similar sequences were identified in natural protein substrates such as NFkappaB and p21 that are specifically cleaved by Pr3. FRET peptides derived from these natural sequences were specifically hydrolyzed by Pr3 with specificity constants k(cat)/K(m) in the 10(6) m(-1) s(-1) range. The consensus Pr3 sequence may also be used to predict cleavage sites within putative protein targets like the proform of interleukin-18, or to develop specific Pr3 peptide-derived inhibitors, because none is available for further studies on the physiopathological function of this protease.
Whole-chip ESD protection design for submicron CMOS VLSI (2002)

A VDD-to-VSS ESD clamp circuit is designed to provide the real whole-chip ESD protection for submicron CMOS IC's. The ESD-protection efficiency is experimentally verified to be dependent on the pin location of a chip. This whole-chip ESD protection design has been successfully implemented in a 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS IC product with a real pin-to-pin ESD protection of above 3 kV.
Protein production and induction of the unfolded protein response in <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> strain Rut‐C30 and its transformant expressing endoglucanase I with a hydrophobic tag (2004)

The effect of induction of protein production was studied in bioreactor cultures of T. reesei strain Rut-C30 and its transformant expressing endoglucanase I core domain (EGI, Cel7B) fused with a hydrophobic peptide tag. The tag was previously designed for efficient purification of the fusion protein in aqueous two-phase separation. The fungi were first grown on glucose-containing minimal medium after which rich medium with lactose as a carbon source was added to induce cellulase production. Production of extracellular protein and cellulase activity and the transcript levels of the major cellulase genes were analyzed during the cultivations. Induction of the cellulase genes followed a similar temporal pattern in both strains. The first phase of induction took place after addition of lactose as soon as glucose was depleted, and the second phase after lactose was consumed. Western analysis showed that a decreased amount of fusion protein was produced in the culture medium compared with the endogenous EGI, although the strain harbors several copies of the recombinant gene under the strong cbh1 promoter. The fusion protein appeared to accumulate within the cells, indicating impaired secretion of the protein. The mRNA levels of the UPR (unfolded protein response) target genes, bip1 and pdi1, and the level of the active form of hac1 transcript encoding the UPR transcription factor increased concurrently with induction of the cellulase genes in both strains, indicating increased requirement of the folding machinery under these conditions. However, only a minor increase in bip1 and pdi1 transcript level was observed in the transformant compared with the parental strain.
Comparison of oral feeding of peptide and amino acid meals to normal human subjects (1979)

Intestinal perfusion studies performed in man have suggested that amino acid nitrogen may be absorbed more rapidly from peptides than free amino acids. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of the oral administration of peptides and free amino acids. Two isonitrogenous liquid test meals, one containing 50 g of a partial enzymic hydrolysate of fish protein in which approximately 80% of the nitrogen content was present as small peptides (peptide meal), and the other a mixture of free amino acids (amino acid meal) the composition and molar pattern of which simulated that of the peptide meal, were administered on separate occasions to six normal subjects intubated with a triple lumen tube. Both meals contained the reference marker polyethylene glycol. Fractional absorption of amino acid residues one and two hours after ingestion of the two meals was similar at three intestinal locations situated 120, 160, and 200 cm from the mouth of each subject, and at two hours 73.8% and 72.0% of the amino acid residues had been absorbed respectively by the time the contents of the peptide and amino acid meals reached the middle sampling port of the tube. The total sum of individual amino acid increments in plasma was significantly greater 30 minutes (p < 0.025) and one hour (p < 0.05) after ingestion of the peptide than amino acid meals. By three hours the total area under the two plasma curves was similar. Normal human subjects thus appeared to be capable of assimilating orally administered mixtures of peptides and free amino acids with equal efficiency. Secretion of fluid into the lumen of the upper small intestine, assessed by reference to dilution of the polyethylene glycol, was less after ingestion of the peptide meal. In clinical situations characterised by fluid and electrolyte malabsorption consideration might be given to using small peptides rather than free amino acids as the nitrogen source in nutritional diets.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Unique β-Glucosidase from Vibrio cholerae (2002)

We have recently reported the molecular cloning of a gene, gspK, in Vibrio cholerae that encodes a specific glucosamine kinase. We describe here the identification of bglA, a gene contiguous to gspK in a presumptive large chitin catabolic operon. BglA was molecularly cloned into Escherichia coli, and the protein BglA was overexpressed and purified to apparent homogeneity. BglA is 65 kDa (574 amino acids) with an N-terminal amino acid sequence predicted by the gene sequence, suggesting that the enzyme is cytoplasmic. The purified enzyme exhibited optimal activity with p-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside, cellobiose, and higher oligosaccharides of cellulose. No other glucosides or glycosides tested were hydrolyzed, including Glc-Glc disaccharides where the linkage is beta 1-->2, beta 1-->3, and beta 1-->6, respectively. The predicted BglA sequence bears little similarity to other proteins in the data banks. The Henrissat algorithm places BglA sequence in Family 9 of the glycosidases, suggesting it is an endoglucanase. However, the results summarized above suggested that BglA is an exoenzyme yielding Glc at each cleavage step. To resolve this apparent discrepancy, detailed kinetic studies were conducted with cellotetraose. Only exoglucanase activity was detected. The function of this enzyme in V. cholerae remains to be determined, especially because our strain of this organism does not utilize cellobiose.
Role of the deep-lying electronic states of MoO3 in the enhancement of hole-injection in organic thin films (2009)

The electronic structures of vacuum-deposited molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and of a typical MoO3/hole transport material (HTM) interface are determined via ultraviolet and inverse photoelectron spectroscopy. Electron affinity and ionization energy of MoO3 are found to be 6.7 and 9.68 eV, more than 4 eV larger than generally assumed, leading to a revised interpretation of the role of MoO3 in hole injection in organic devices. The MoO3 films are strongly n-type. The electronic structure of the oxide/HTM interface shows that hole injection proceeds via electron extraction from the HTM highest occupied molecular orbital through the low-lying conduction band of MoO3.