gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of user representation and Arthritis and Rheumatism International. (2003)

Arthritis and Rheumatism International (ARi), founded in 1988, is an association of national lay organizations comprising mainly people whose lives are affected by arthritis and rheumatism. ARi's charter defines the organization's aims, including to raise awareness of the needs of people with arthritis/rheumatism, to improve the quality of their lives through education and self-management programs, and to support research into causes, management, prevention, and cure of arthritis. With the aid of a grant from the Pfizer Foundation in 2002, ARi has been able to further develop into a strong organization throughout the world, with a membership of 22 countries. Successful intitiatives include the People with Arthritis and Rheumatism in Europe Manifesto, which has served as a very effective focus for developing action plans, opening dialogues, building partnerships with other organizations, lobbying governments, and gaining media attention throughout Europe. The manifesto (website: www.PAREmanifesto.org) was developed by ARi working in conjunction with The International Organisation of Youth with Rheumatism and the EULAR Social League. These are examples of initiatives that ARi aims to promote on a global scale in the next few years.
Mining software repositories to guide software development (2005)

Software repositories (such as source control repositories) contain a wealth of valuable information regarding the evolutionary history of a software project. In this research we recover such historical data and present several techniques and approaches to guide managers and developers working on large software systems. We validate our work empirically using data based on over 60 years of development history for several open source projects.
Towards a Model-Based Meal Detector for Type I Diabetics (2015)

Blood glucose management systems are an important class of Medical Cyber-Physical Systems that provide vital everyday decision support service to diabetics. An artificial pancreas, which integrates a continuous glucose monitor, a wearable insulin pump, and control algorithms running on embedded computing devices, can significantly improve the quality of life for millions of Type 1 diabetics. A primary problem in the development of an artificial pancreas is the accurate detection and estimation of meal carbohydrates, which cause significant glucose system disturbances. Meal carbohydrate detection is challenging since post-meal glucose responses greatly depend on patient-specific physiology and meal composition.\nIn this paper, we develop a novel meal-time detector that leverages a linearized physiological model to realize a (nearly) constant false alarm rate (CFAR) performance despite unknown model parameters and uncertain meal inputs. Insilico evaluations using 10, 000 virtual subjects on an FDA-accepted maximal physiological model illustrate that the proposed CFAR meal detector significantly outperforms a current state-of-the-art meal detector that utilizes a voting scheme based on rate-of-change (RoC) measures. The proposed detector achieves 99.6% correct detection rate while averaging one false alarm every 24 days (a 1.4% false alarm rate), which represents an 84% reduction in false alarms and a 95% reduction in missed alarms when compared to the RoC approach.
Nature and Origins of Phosphorus Compounds in Isolated Cell Walls of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1971)

Preparations of purified cell walls from Staphylococcus aureus were shown to contain small amounts of phospholipid and glycerol teichoic acid. Since these are components of the cell membrane, it is probable that the wall itself contains no lipid, but does retain fragments of membrane because of physical connections between wall and membrane. In walls of S. aureus strain 52A5, which completely lacks ribitol teichoic acid, the only phosphorylated compound identified as a genuine wall component was a phosphorylated derivative of murein that gave rise to muramic acid phosphate on acid hydrolysis. Muramic acid phosphate was also identified in hydrolysates of walls from S. aureus H and strain 52A2.
A Cell-Level Forward Error Correction Scheme (FEC-SSCS) for ATM Networks (1997)

This paper proposes and describes a cell-level forward error correction (FEC) scheme in the ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) for ATM networks. An FEC scheme will benefit real-time needs of multimedia applications as well as reliable (error-free) data communications. ATM network performance degrades rapidly with increasing cell loss or the bit error rate. The achievable throughput for reliable services also deteriorates with increasing packet or frame size or with increasing number of receivers in a multicast operation. FEC-SSCS can improve end-to-end QoS in all these cases. 1 From October 1997, Georg Carle is with GMD Fokus, Kaiser-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany 1. Introduction This paper proposes and describes an AAL-level forward error correction (FEC) scheme for reliable data transmission services in ATM networks to both correct bit errors and recover from cell losses. In ATM networks, the basic data unit is very small compared to typical application level data units (e...
Evaluation of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests as Reference Tests for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Infections in Asymptomatic Men (2000)

Urine ligase chain reaction (LCR) and PCR tests and urethral swab culture were compared for their abilities to detect Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 3,639 asymptomatic men by using one-, two-, and three-test reference standards. Frozen urine at four of five participating centers was also tested by a transcription-mediated amplification assay which was used as a reference test. LCR increased the yield of positive results by 27% and PCR increased the yield of positive results by 26% over the yield of positive results by culture (n = 295). LCR and PCR sensitivities were similar, ranging from 80.4 to 93.5%, depending on the reference standard. Culture sensitivity was substantially less. A multiple-test standard yielded LCR, PCR, and culture specificities of 99.6%, with or without discrepant analysis. Test performance varied among centers partly due to different interpretations of the testing protocols. The study confirms that urine LCR and PCR for the detection of C. trachomatis have substantially improved sensitivities over that of urethral swab culture for testing of asymptomatic men, enabling screening of this important target group. These tests, perhaps in combination, are also candidate reference tests for the conduct of test evaluation studies.
SICs as Delineators of Economic Markets (1989)

The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) is often used to divide firms into homogeneous markets. Firms classified into the same (n + 1)-digit SIC are thought to be more homogeneous than firms sharing only the same n-digit SIC. This study measures how well the SIC succeeds at combining firms into homogeneous economic markets. Assuming that firms in more similar economic markets should display more similar sales changes, profit rates, or stock price changes than firms in less similar economic markets, the author finds that the SIC is not successful at identifying firms with such similar characteristic variables. Copyright 1989 by the University of Chicago.
The Transcription Factor GATA4 Is Activated by Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1- and 2-Mediated Phosphorylation of Serine 105 in Cardiomyocytes (2001)

The zinc finger-containing transcription factor GATA4 has been implicated as a critical regulator of multiple cardiac-expressed genes as well as a regulator of inducible gene expression in response to hypertrophic stimulation. Here we demonstrate that GATA4 is itself regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade through direct phosphorylation. Site-directed mutagenesis and phospho-specific GATA4 antiserum revealed serine 105 as the primary site involved in agonist-induced phosphorylation of GATA4. Infection of cultured cardiomyocytes with an activated MEK1-expressing adenovirus induced robust phosphorylation of serine 105 in GATA4, while a dominant-negative MEK1-expressing adenovirus blocked agonist-induced phosphorylation of serine 105, implicating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as a GATA4 kinase. Indeed, bacterially purified ERK2 protein directly phosphorylated purified GATA4 at serine 105 in vitro. Phosphorylation of serine 105 enhanced the transcriptional potency of GATA4, which was sensitive to U0126 (MEK1 inhibitor) but not SB202190 (p38 inhibitor). Phosphorylation of serine 105 also modestly enhanced the DNA binding activity of bacterially purified GATA4. Finally, induction of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with an activated MEK1-expressing adenovirus was blocked with a dominant-negative GATA4-engrailed-expressing adenovirus. These results suggest a molecular pathway whereby MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth through the transcription factor GATA4 by direct phosphorylation of serine 105, which enhances DNA binding and transcriptional activation.
The skin aging index: a new approach for documenting anti‐aging products or procedures (2013)

Skin ageing Indexes capture information relevant to the visual transformation of facial skin with age, while providing documented product benefits. These tools may enable a simpler and more consistent comparison of anti-ageing products/procedures.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New Fused Quinazoline Derivatives (1997)

We report that biologically active fused quinazolines have been synthesized via treatment of 3-(N-acyl/ aroylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (2) with various nucleophilic reagents; some of the products showed moderate antibacterial activity.
Inclusion of polyaniline filaments in zeolite molecular sieves (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInclusion of polyaniline filaments in zeolite molecular sievesPatricia Enzel and Thomas BeinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 17, 6270–6272Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100354a004https://doi.org/10.1021/j100354a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations171LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The new concrete (2015)

The New Concrete is a long-overdue survey of the rise of concrete poetry in the digital age. The accessibility of digital text and image manipulation, modern print techniques and the rise of self-publishing have invigorated a movement that first emerged in an explosion of literary creativity during the 1950s and 1960s. This new volume is a highly illustrated overview of contemporary artists and poets working at the intersection of visual art and literature, producing some of the most engaging and challenging work in either medium.

Featuring an introductory essay by renowned American poet Kenneth Goldsmith and edited by celebrated poets Victoria Bean and Chris McCabe, The New Concrete is an indispensable introduction to the breadth of concrete poetry being produced today.

Edited by Victoria Bean and Chris McCabe, with an essay by Kenneth Goldsmith
Integral membrane proteins specific to the inner nuclear membrane and associated with the nuclear lamina. (1988)

We obtained a monoclonal antibody (RL13) that identifies three integral membrane proteins specific to the nuclear envelope of rat liver, a major 75-kD polypeptide and two more minor components of 68 and 55 kD. Immunogold labeling of isolated nuclear envelopes demonstrates that these antigens are localized specifically to the inner nuclear membrane, and that the RL13 epitope occurs on the inner membrane's nucleoplasmic surface where the nuclear lamina is found. When nuclear envelopes are extracted with solutions containing nonionic detergent and high salt to solubilize nuclear membranes and pore complexes, most of these integral proteins remain associated with the insoluble lamina. Since the polypeptides recognized by RL13 are relatively abundant, they may function as lamina attachment sites in the inner nuclear membrane. Major cross-reacting antigens are found by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy in all rat cells examined. Therefore, these integral proteins are biochemical markers for the inner nuclear membrane and will be useful models for studying nuclear membrane biogenesis.
Improving the verification process of video quality metrics (2009)

The most important step in the development process of a video quality metric is its verification with regards to the subjective quality experience. Even though guidelines in the form of standards and recommendations are well known, there are still quite often shortcomings in the verification process of many metrics. In this contribution we revisit these rules, point out important details and review contributions to video quality metrics for typical shortcomings. We will highlight in detail five steps that should be followed in order to improve the overall quality of the verification process of video quality metrics: using a large and diverse data base, planing and conducting subjective tests carefully, using different data for calibration and verification of a metric, avoiding unnecessary data fitting steps, and a clear and meaningful presentation of the results. Also we will provide short examples how an improper verification might affect the results of a video quality metric.
Parasitism by Virulent <i>Treponema pallidum</i> of Host Cell Surfaces (1977)

The interaction between virulent Treponema pallidum extracted from infected rabbit testes and animal cells in culture was examined. The extent of treponemal attachment to monolayers of normal rabbit testicular and HEp-2 cells was dependent upon the incubation temperature and retained motility of the spirochetes. The specific orientation of treponemes to host cell surfaces was demonstrated by dark-field microscopic examination of wet-mount preparations and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Once attached, T. pallidum organisms remained actively motile yet anchored in place by their terminal tapered structures. After several hours of co-incubation, maximal attachment was attained, and the degree of parasitism seemed regulated not only by available surface sites on individual host cells but also by the proposed membrane response of parasitized cells to continued exposure to treponemes. The avirulent strain, Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter, did not adhere to monolayer cultures. Characterization of host cell determinants that permitted surface colonization by T. pallidum was attempted. Also, properties of virulent treponemes that enabled surface parasitism were monitored by measuring the effects of enzymes, detergents, and metabolic inhibitors on the host-parasite interaction. Results reinforced the specific nature of the treponemal attachment mechanism. Furthermore, the ability of convalescent rabbit sera to reduce attachment of treponemes to host cells suggested that surface structures on T. pallidum could be masked or inactivated by host components, thus providing a potentially effective research approach for investigating the pathogenesis of syphilis and screening appropriate vaccine candidates.
Some conditions on fixed rings (1981)

This paper deals with a question about the ascending and descending chain conditions on two‐sided ideals. Using the ideas of the skew group ring, certain results for two‐sided ideals are proved.
Ultrafast Efficient Photodiodes Exceeding 100 GHz Bandwidth (2007)

A family of ultrafast photodetectors based on evanescently coupled photodiodes, is described. The waveguide-integrated detectors are monolithically integrated with bias-Ts, coplanar transmission lines and MMI-couplers, employing semi-insulating optical waveguides on a semi-insulating InP:Fe substrate. The integration scheme is explained and demonstrated by examples of miniaturized ultra-broadband-, traveling wave-, and narrowband photodetectors, operating up to frequencies exceeding 120 GHz.
Hybrid RFID employing optical wireless communication (2010)

This paper presents hybrid RFID with optical wireless communication. In this model, we apply optical wireless communication for transmitting the confidential information to RFID reader to improve security of the system. The energy harvesting of RFID is used for driving Liquid Crystal Shutter to modulate reflecting optical signal by Corner Cube Retroreflector. BER is analyzed regarding half-power angle of the transmitter and optical transmit power.
Terahertz-induced lensing and its use for the detection of terahertz pulses in a birefringent crystal (2004)

We demonstrate terahertz-induced lensing (TIL), the focusing and defocusing of an ultrashort “probe” laser pulse induced by a collinearly traveling terahertz pulse in an electro-optic crystal. The intensity change on the axis of the probe beam after the crystal is shown to be linear with the terahertz (THz) electric field and can thus be used to measure the THz wave form. We show that the sensitivity of TIL is comparable to conventional electro-optic sampling, with the advantage of being applicable to all classes of electro-optic crystals, including strongly birefringent ones. The better sensitivity of TIL is demonstrated using the highly birefringent organic salt DAST (4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl stilbazolium tosylate).
Opioid activities of morphiceptin-like peptides latent in various natural proteins. (1992)

The Tyr-Pro-Phe peptide sequence, an N-terminal tripeptide fragment of opioid peptide morphiceptin, was searched on the database SEQDB (Peptide Institute, Osaka). More than 30 proteins were drawn in a list with 15 amino acid varieties at the position adjacent to Phe. Seven morphiceptin-like peptides with the H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Xxx-NH2 sequence, where Xxx denotes the selected amino acids (Ala, Asp, Gly, Gln, Lys, Thr and Tyr), have been synthesized. Together with the side-chain protected analogs [Asp(OBzl), Lys(Z), and Thr(Bzl)], they have been evaluated for opioid activities. For the mu opioid receptors to which morphiceptin binds specifically and selectively, analogs with Xxx = Asp, Lys, Ala, Thr, Gln, Tyr and Gly showed a considerably weaker binding affinity than morphiceptin. In contrast, the Thr(Bzl) derivative demonstrated an affinity ten times greater than morphiceptin. Because of an extremely weak affinity for the delta receptors, its mu-selectivity became very high (260-fold). The present results and the increased activity of [Val4]morphiceptin (Sakaguchi et al., 36) indicate that the mu receptors tolerate the hydrophobic or aromatic residue at the site corresponding to position 4 of morphiceptin. When the circular dichroism (CD) spectra are compared between active and inactive analogs, no significant difference is found in both water and methanol. This suggests that the activity of morphiceptin analogs with the Tyr-Pro-Phe sequence is mainly determined by the structural characters of the amino acid residue in position 4 rather than by the molecular conformation. The results suggested a possible formation of morphiceptin-like peptides in various protein digests.
Transdermal ballistic delivery of micro-particles: investigation into skin penetration (2002)

This paper describes investigations into the impact of model micro-particles into excised human skin. This work is aimed at optimising a unique form of transdermal drug delivery, based on PowderJect/sup (R)/ devices. These devices work by accelerating drugs in micro-particle form to a velocity at which they will enter the skin. Not only are PowderJect/sup (R)/ devices painless and needle-free; by the manipulation of penetration depth, existing therapeutic compounds can be made to work much more effectively. A research device was designed to deliver particles to the skin at conditions with nominally uniform velocities. Glass, polystyrene and steel micro-spheres were used to simulate drug payloads. The results of these investigations show that penetration depth into skin is a function of particle density, radius and entry velocity. This relationship provides a criterion for the optimal selection of particle parameters and entry velocity to target specific layers within the skin. The experimental data is compared to both a theoretical and an empirical model with good agreement.
Preparation and characterization of monodisperse magnetic poly(styrene butyl acrylate methacrylic acid) microspheres in the presence of a polar solvent (2003)

Abstract Magnetic poly(styrene butyl acrylate methacrylic acid) [P(St–BA–MAA)] microspheres were prepared by emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization in the presence of a polar solvent and a ferrofluid prepared by a coprecipitation method. The effects of some polymerization parameters, such as the medium polarity, reaction temperature, initiator content, and surfactant content in the ferrofluid, on the particle diameter and particle size distribution of magnetic P(St–BA–MAA) microspheres were examined in detail. The results showed that the electrostatic repulsion in the polymerization system significantly affected the monodispersity of the resulting magnetic polymer microspheres. The proper electrostatic repulsion, achieved through changes in the medium polarity and amount of surfactant in the polymerization system, improved the monodispersity, but a higher or lower repulsion led to a decrease in the monodispersity. Although the existence of surfactant and magnetite particles reduced the monodispersity more or less, the polymerization behavior of an emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization in the presence of the ferrofluid was analogous to that of a conventional emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1733–1738, 2003
A Survey of Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Techniques Part II: Fault Diagnosis with Knowledge-Based and Hybrid/Active Approaches (2015)

This is the second-part paper of the survey on fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant techniques, where fault diagnosis methods and applications are overviewed, respectively, from the knowledge-based and hybrid/active viewpoints. With the aid of the first-part survey paper, the second-part review paper completes a whole overview on fault diagnosis techniques and their applications. Comments on the advantages and constraints of various diagnosis techniques, including model-based, signal-based, knowledge-based, and hybrid/active diagnosis techniques, are also given. An overlook on the future development of fault diagnosis is presented.