gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>in vivo</i> Muscle Length Changes in Bumblebees and the <i>in vitro</i> Effects on Work and Power (1993)

ABSTRACT The amplitude and time course of muscle length changes were examined in vivo in tethered, flying bumblebees Bombus lucorum. A ‘window’ was cut in the dorsal cuticle and aluminium particles were placed on the exposed dorsal longitudinal muscle fibres. Muscle oscillations were recorded using high-speed video and a high-magnification lens. The amplitude of muscle length changes was 1.9% (S.D.=0.5%, N=7), corresponding to the commonly quoted strain of 1–3% for asynchronous muscle. Higher harmonics, particularly the second, were found in the muscle oscillations and in the wing movements. The second harmonic for wing movements was damped in comparison to that for muscle length changes, probably as a result of compliance in the thoracic linkage. Inclusion of the second harmonic in the driving signal for in vitro experiments on glycerinated fibres generally resulted in a decrease in the work and power, but a substantial increase was found for some fibres.
A circuit-breaker use-case operated by a humanoid in aircraft manufacturing (2017)

International audience
18.5-GHz bandwidth monolithic MSM/MODFET photoreceiver for 1.55-μm wavelength communication systems (1996)

A very high-speed, long-wavelength, monolithically integrated photoreceiver front end for optical communication systems is described. The tunable photoreceiver, implemented using a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector and InAlAs-InGaAs-InP modulation-doped field-effect transistor (MODFET)-based transimpedance amplifier, exhibits -3 dB bandwidths of up to 18.5 GHz. The receiver demonstrates a midband responsivity of 178 V/W when tuned for 10 Gb/s operation. Noise measurements revealed an input-referred noise current spectral density of 8 pA/Hz/sup 1/2/ when tuned for 10 Gb/s operation, and 12 pA/Hz/sup 1/2/ when tuned for 20 Gb/s operation. From these noise measurements, sensitivities were calculated to be -16.5 dBm and -12.3 dBm at 10 and 20 Gb/s, respectively, for a bit-error rate of 1/spl times/10/sup -9/. To our knowledge, this is the fastest MSM-based receiver reported to date.
Thickness-profile measurement of transparent thin-film layers by white-light scanning interferometry (1999)

White-light scanning interferometry is increasingly used for precision profile metrology of engineering surfaces, but its current applications are limited primarily to opaque surfaces with relatively simple optical reflection behavior. A new attempt is made to extend the interferometric method to the thickness-profile measurement of transparent thin-film layers. An extensive frequency-domain analysis of multiple reflection is performed to allow both the top and the bottom interfaces of a thin-film layer to be measured independently at the same time by the nonlinear least-squares technique. This rigorous approach provides not only point-by-point thickness probing but also complete volumetric film profiles digitized in three dimensions.
<title>Simultaneous measurement of two strain components using passive demodulation</title> (1994)

This paper uses 3 X 3 coupler passive demodulation of combined Michelson and polarimetric optical fiber sensors to simultaneously measure axial and transverse strain components in a single optical fiber bonded to a vibrating cantilever beam. The separated Michelson and polarimetric signals are used with isothermal Michelson and polarimetric phase strain-models to provide two independent equations describing the strain in the fiber. These equations provide enough information to calculate axial and transverse strains in surface mounted sensors.
Development of a "steerable drill" for acl reconstruction to create the arbitrary trajectory of a bone tunnel (2011)

It is often difficult for orthopedic surgeons to avoid LCL injury during ACL reconstruction. In this paper, we developed a steerable drill for ACL reconstruction to avoid LCL injury in the process of making a bone tunnel. There are two special requirements for the steerable drill mechanism. One is having sufficient flexibility to bend and avoid LCL while cutting the bone. The other is rigidity to avoid the buckle at the base of the drill when external force is exerted on the drill tip. These two requirements cannot be met simultaneously by using the previous material with uniform stiffness throughout its length. We therefore adopted a spring sheath with stiffness that varied between the top and base of the drill. This spring sheath has high stiffness at the base and low stiffness at the top. We performed the experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the drill with uniform and non-uniform stiffness by comparing each result. Consequently, it was confirmed that the drill with non-uniform stiffness achieved 6 times the bending deformation and with 30% lower force as preventing the buckling compared to the drill with uniform stiffness. Subsequently, we presented a discussion concerning the reason for the experimental result, based on a physical long column model which simulated the steerable drill. In addition, at the end of this paper, a newly-developed control method to make the arbitrary trajectory of the bone tunnel using a steerable drill with non-uniform stiffness was described.
Further comments on "A Correct and Unrestrictive Implementation of General Semaphores" (2000)

Over a decade ago, a race condition was discovered in a specific implementation of the counting semaphore operations P and V. Several corrections to that implementation were published. These were subsequently critiqued and eventually the discussion ended. This article will expose a newly discovered race condition in one of the corrections.
Synthesis of side‐chain liquid‐crystalline homopolymers and triblock copolymers with <i>p</i>‐methoxyazobenzene moieties and poly(ethylene glycol) as coil segments by atom transfer radical polymerization and their thermotropic phase behavior (2003)

Abstract A series of side‐chain liquid‐crystalline (LC) homopolymers of poly[6‐(4‐methoxy‐4′‐oxy‐azobenzene) hexyl methacrylate] with different degrees of polymerization were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), which were prepared with a wide range of number‐average molecular weights from 5.1 × 10 3 to 20.6 × 10 3 with narrow polydispersities of around 1.17. Thermal investigation showed that the homopolymers exhibit two mesophases, a smectic phase, and a nematic phase, and the phase‐transition temperatures of the homopolymers increase clearly with increasing molecular weights. A series of novel LC coil triblock copolymers with narrow polydispersities was synthesized by ATRP, and their thermotropic phase behavior was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. The LC coil triblocks were designed to have an LC conformation of poly[6‐(4‐methoxy‐4′‐oxy‐azobenzene) hexyl methacrylate] with a wide range of molecular weights from 3.5 × 10 3 to 1.7 × 10 4 and the coil conformation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (number‐average molecular weight: 6000 or 12,000) segment. Their characterization was investigated with 1 H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and gel permeation chromatography. Triblock copolymers exhibited a crystalline phase, a smectic phase, and a nematic phase. The phase‐transition temperatures from the smectic to nematic phase and from the nematic to isotropic phase increased, and the crystallization of PEG depressed with increasing molecular weight of the LC block. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2854–2864, 2003
Design considerations for single-stage and two-stage pneumatic pellet injectors (1988)

Performance of single-stage pneumatic pellet injectors is compared with several models for one-dimensional, compressible fluid flow. Agreement is quite good for models that reflect actual breech chamber geometry and incorporate nonideal effects such as gas friction. Several methods of improving the performance of single-stage pneumatic pellet injectors in the near term are outlined. The design and performance of two-stage pneumatic pellet injectors are discussed, and initial data from the two-stage pneumatic pellet injector test facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are presented. Finally, a concept for a repeating two-stage pneumatic pellet injector is described. 27 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.
Calibrating Resource Allocation for Parallel Processing of Analytic Tasks (2009)

Cloud Computing, the long-held dream of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service and shaping the way IT hardware is designed and purchased. In this environment, any application needs a model of to achieve elasticity and the illusion of infinite capacity requires each of these resources to be virtualized to hide the implementation of how they are multiplexed and shared. Given the nature of parallel processing dynamic, how to assign numbers of servers, CPUs, cores to the tasks have great impacts to the resource utilization of a PaaS (Platform as a Service) provider. In this paper, we face the challenge in automated calibration of resource allocation for parallel processing of analytic tasks. The proposed framework does not assume availability of data statistics and application semantics but probeable tradeoff between parallelism benefits and overheads. To implement it, a Sampling-then-Calibrating algorithm is presented to sample the runtime statistic information and calibrate the resource allocation accordingly. The experiments validate effectiveness of our approach.
Venous Compression at High-Spatial-Resolution Three-dimensional MR Angiography of Peripheral Arteries (2004)

The aim of this study was to assess a venous compression technique that is performed with contrast material-enhanced peripheral magnetic resonance (MR) angiography to reduce venous enhancement. Healthy volunteers, as well as patients with correlating digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) findings, were examined. Venous compression was accomplished by placing a cuff at the midfemoral level unilaterally. Arterial signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios indicated no significant differences between compressed and noncompressed legs. Venous overlay was substantially reduced in the compressed legs. MR angiography with venous compression yielded diagnostic image quality and results that had excellent correlation with DSA findings. High-spatial-resolution peripheral MR angiography of improved diagnostic quality appears feasible, even with long data acquisition times.
Unphosphorylated STAT3 modulates alpha7 nicotinic receptor signaling and cytokine production in sepsis (2010)

The role of STAT3 in infectious diseases remains undetermined, in part because unphosphorylated STAT3 has been considered an inactive protein. Here, we report that unphosphorylated STAT3 contributes to cholinergic anti-inflammation, prevents systemic inflammation, and improves survival in sepsis. Bacterial endotoxin induced STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in macrophages. Both alpha 7 nicotinic receptor (alpha 7nAChR) activation and inhibition of JAK2 blunt STAT3 phosphorylation. Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation mimicked the alpha 7nAChR signaling, inhibiting NF-kappaB and cytokine production in macrophages. Transfection of macrophages with the dominant-negative mutant STAT3F, to prevent its tyrosine phosphorylation, reduced TNF production but did not prevent the alpha 7nAChR signaling. However, inhibition of STAT3 protein expression enhanced cytokine production and abrogated alpha 7nAChR signaling. Alpha 7nAChR controls TNF production in macrophages through a mechanism that requires STAT3 protein expression, but not its tyrosine phosphorylation. In vivo, inhibition of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation by stattic prevented systemic inflammation and improved survival in experimental sepsis. Stattic also prevented the production of late mediators of sepsis and improved survival in established sepsis. These results reveal the immunological implications of tyrosine-unphosphorylated STAT3 in infectious diseases.
Build-a-dude : action selection networks for computational autonomous agents (1991)

Thesis (M.S.V.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1991.
Accuracy and Real-Time Considerations for Implementing Various Virtual Metrology Algorithms (2008)

In the semiconductor industry, run-to-run (R2R) control is an important technique to improve process capability and further enhance the production yield. As the dimension of electronic devices shrink increasingly, wafer-to-wafer (W2W) advanced process control (APC) becomes essential for the critical stages of production processes. W2W APC requires the metrology values of each wafer; however, it will be highly time and cost consuming to obtain actual metrology values from each wafer by physical measurement. Recently, an efficient and cost-effective approach denoted "virtual metrology (VM)" was proposed to substitute the actual metrology. To implement VM in W2W APC, both conjecture-accuracy and real-time requirements need to be considered. In this paper, various VM algorithms, including back-propagation neural networks (BPNN), simple recurrent neural networks (SRNN), and multiple regression (MR), are evaluated to see whether they can meet the accuracy and real-time requirements of W2W APC or not. The fifth generation TFT-LCD chemical-vapor deposition process is used to test and verify the requirements. Test results show that both one-hidden-layered BPNN and SRNN VM algorithms achieve acceptable conjecture accuracy and meet the real-time requirements of semiconductor and TFT-LCD W2W APC applications.
CsBr photocathode at 257nm: A rugged high current density electron source (2006)

There is a continuing need for high intensity electron sources that will operate in demountable vacuum and can be externally modulated. Materials with wide band gap, e.g., diamond, are rugged but need photon energies exceeding the band gap to emit efficiently and this rules out the use of cw lasers. The authors have found that a photocathode of CsBr is both adequately intense (&gt;150A∕cm2) and rugged and can be excited with photons of energy of 4.8eV (257nm). This is below the energy gap of CsBr (7.3eV) but such operation can be explained by the presence of intraband states about 4eV below the conduction band minimum.
The electrophoretic properties of a DNA cube and its substructure catenanes (1991)

Electrophoretic properties have been measured for a DNA molecule whose helix axes have the connectivity of a cube. This molecule is a topologically bonded complex of six cyclic 80-mer molecules, in which each cycle corresponds to a face of the cube. Each cyclic molecule is doubly catenated to each of its four neighbors. Substructures of this molecule include a 5-cycle structure lacking one strand, two topoisomers of 4-cycle structures and two topoisomers of 3-cycle structures. One 4-cycle structure is a cyclic belt around the cube, lacking a top and a bottom, whereas the other lacks two catenated strands, such as the top and the front. One 3-cycle structure is a linear belt of three cycles, and the other corresponds to the three cycles that surround a corner. Each of these molecules is separable from the others under appropriate gel conditions. We have measured mobilities and calculated Ferguson plots for each of these molecules on polyacrylamide gels under both native and denaturing conditions. The measurements have been made with 1.25, 2.5, and 5% crosslinking of the gels. The data show that the higher-symmetry 3-cycle and 4-cycle structures migrate more slowly than their lower-symmetry isomers, under conditions where their Ferguson plots are parallel.
An analytical technique for characterization of transceiver IQ imbalances in the loop-back mode (2012)

Loop-back is a desirable test set-up for RF transceivers for both on-chip characterization and production testing. Measurement of IQ imbalances (phase mismatch, gain mismatch, DC offset, and time skews) in the loop-back mode is challenging due to the coupling between the receiver (RX) and transmitter (TX) parameters. We present an analytical method for the measurement of the imbalances in the loop-back mode. We excite the system with carefully designed test signals at the baseband TX input and analyze the corresponding RX baseband output. The derived and used mathematical equations based on these test inputs enable us to unambiguously compute IQ mismatches. Experiments conducted both in simulations and on a hardware platform confirm that the proposed technique can accurately compute the IQ imbalances.
Biochemical and NMR Mapping of the Interface between CREB-binding Protein and Ligand Binding Domains of Nuclear Receptor (2004)

CBP, cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein, plays an important role as a general cointegrator of various signaling pathways and interacts with a large number of transcription factors. Interactions of CBP with ligand binding domains (LBDs) of nuclear receptors are mediated by LXXLL motifs, as are those of p160 proteins, although the number, distribution, and precise sequences of the motifs differ. We used a large N-terminal fragment of murine CBP to map by biochemical methods and NMR spectroscopy the interaction domain of CBP with the LBDs of several nuclear receptors. We show that distinct zones of that fragment are involved in the interactions: a 20-residue segment containing the LXXLL motif (residues 61-80) is implicated in the interaction with all three domains tested (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-LBD, retinoid X receptor alpha-LBD, and estrogen-related receptor gamma-LBD), whereas a second N-terminal well conserved block of around 25 residues centered on a consensus L(40)PDEL(44) motif constitutes a secondary motif of interaction with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-LBD. Sequence analysis reveals that both zones are well conserved in all vertebrate p300/CBP proteins, suggesting their functional importance. Interactions of p300/CBP coactivators with the LBDs of nuclear receptors are not limited to the canonical LXXLL motifs, involving both a longer contiguous segment around the motif and, for certain domains, an additional zone.
Effects of microwave heating on changes in chemical and thermal properties of vegetable oils (2001)

Abstract The effects of microwave heating on the cooling profiles of two vegetable oils (corn oil and soybean oil) were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and compared to changes in chemical parameters. These oils were exposed for several periods of time to three controlled treatments: low‐, medium‐, and high‐power settings, respectively. The DSC results were derived from the cooling curve of oils at a scanning rate of 5°C/min. The chemical analyses of the oils included peroxide value, anisidine value, free fatty acid content, iodine value, and C18∶2/C16∶0 peak area ratio. A statistical comparison was carried out between DSC and the chemical parameters. In general, correlations were good between these parameters. Likewise, the experimental data showed that, for a given microwave power setting, a good correlation existed between DSC curve parameters and heating periods. These results indicate that DSC can be used as an objective nonchemical, instrumental technique to monitor lipid oxidation in both traditionally heated and microwave‐heated oils.
Comparison of PMAT Camera Holder with Human Camera Holder (2008)

Aim: During minimal access surgery an assistant is controlling thelaparoscope and surgeon should be free to manipulate instruments.Although the advantages of laparoscopic surgery are well documented,one disadvantage is that, for optimum performance, an experiencedcamera driver is required who can provide the necessary views for theoperating surgeon. There are many drawbacks in human cameraoperator especially if they are not trained. The self camera-control bythe surgeon gives more stability of the laparoscopic image. The aim ofthis study was to compare PMAT camera holder device with traditionalassistant-driven laparoscopic camera control.Materials and Methods: Laparoscopic Appendicectomy, OvarianCystectomy and Laparoscopic sterilization were performed. On 14patients, the operating surgeon used the �PMAT� and performed thesurgery without a laparoscopic camera assistant. On the other groupof 14 patients, an experienced camera operator was responsible forcontrol of the laparoscopic field of vision in the traditional manner.The time required for surgery was documented.Results: The mean operative times for PMAT and camera personassistedappendicectomy was 45 minutes and 40 minutes respectively.For ovarian cystectomy 45 and 50 minutes and for laparoscopicsterilization it was 15 and 10 minutes. There were no differences inoutcome of surgery or blood loss in the two groups. The operativesurgeon perceived some increase in shoulder and neck pain with use ofthe PMAT scope holder.Conclusions: This PMAT device provides a means for the operativesurgeon to safely perform simple laparoscopic procedures alone withoutsignificantly increasing operative time or morbidity.
Expression and potential role of the extracellular matrix in hepatic ontogenesis: A review (1997)

Studies from a number of laboratories have provided information on the temporal and spatial expression of a variety of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the developing liver and insight into their potential roles in hepatogenesis. Collagen type IV and laminin are present in the basement membranes of the capsular mesothelium, vascular structures of the portal and hepatic vein branches, and the ductular elements of the developing liver. The mesothelial, vascular, and ductular epithelial cells synthesize laminin and type IV collagen. In contrast, fibronectin and type I collagen are restricted to the adjacent or surrounding interstitium of those ductal and vascular elements, but are not within the basement membrane proper. The hepatic perisinusoidal space (Space of Disse) of the fetal rat develops a delicate extracellular matrix by 12.5 days of gestation, which is characterized by banded collagen fibrils and bundles associated with filamentous and flocculent material. Fibronectin, laminin, and collagen types I, III, and IV are present in the developing perisinusoidal space by this early gestational date, with laminin being the most prevalent component detected. The laminin chains localized to that region in the fetal/neonatal period are alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2, and gamma 1, whereas the alpha 1 chain of laminin is absent from the developing Space of Disse. Similar data have been reported on the laminin phenotype in the perisinusoidal space during hepatic regeneration. Electron microscopy immunohistochemistry studies have demonstrated that the sinusoidal lining cells and hepatocytes synthesize these ECM proteins during hepatogenesis. By 6 to 8 weeks of postnatal life, laminin is not detectable in the perisinusoidal space. Both the transient expression of laminin and the similarity of the laminin chain phenotype expressed in the perisinusoidal space in the developing and regenerating liver suggests a role for this protein in the organization of the hepatic lobule in those forms of hepatic morphogenesis.