gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper Binding in the Prion Protein (2004)

A conformational change of the prion protein is responsible for a class of neurodegenerative diseases called the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies that include mad cow disease and the human afflictions kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Despite the attention given to these diseases, the normal function of the prion protein in healthy tissue is unknown. Research over the past few years, however, demonstrates that the prion protein is a copper binding protein with high selectivity for Cu(2+). The structural features of the Cu(2+) binding sites have now been characterized and are providing important clues about the normal function of the prion protein and perhaps how metals or loss of protein function play a role in disease. The link between prion protein and copper may provide insight into the general, and recently appreciated, role of metals in neurodegenerative disease.
Diverse Effects of Cyclosporine on Hepatitis C Virus Strain Replication (2006)

Recently, a production system for infectious particles of hepatitis C virus (HCV) utilizing the genotype 2a JFH1 strain has been developed. This strain has a high capacity for replication in the cells. Cyclosporine (CsA) has a suppressive effect on HCV replication. In this report, we characterize the anti-HCV effect of CsA. We observe that the presence of viral structural proteins does not influence the anti-HCV activity of CsA. Among HCV strains, the replication of genotype 1b replicons was strongly suppressed by treatment with CsA. In contrast, JFH1 replication was less sensitive to CsA and its analog, NIM811. Replication of JFH1 did not require the cellular replication cofactor, cyclophilin B (CyPB). CyPB stimulated the RNA binding activity of NS5B in the genotype 1b replicon but not the genotype 2a JFH1 strain. These findings provide an insight into the mechanisms of diversity governing virus-cell interactions and in the sensitivity of these strains to antiviral agents.
Optoelectronic integration of polymer waveguide array and metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector through micromirror couplers (2001)

We report the design and formation of a high-performance polymer waveguide array with 45/spl deg/ micromirror couplers for achieving fully embedded board-level optoelectronic interconnects. We have used Si CMOS process compatible polymer as the fabrication material, which is relatively easy to process and has low propagation loss at 850-nm wavelength, 45/spl deg/ total interior reflection (TIR) micromirror couplers fabricated within the channel waveguides provide surface-normal light coupling between the waveguide and the optoelectronic devices, thus forming a fully embedded three-dimensional optoelectronic interconnect. We have demonstrated a hybrid optoelectronic integrated system of GaAs MSM photodetector array and polymer channel waveguide array with 45/spl deg/ micromirror couplers, showing an aggregate 3-dB bandwidth of 32 GHz.
Maltohexaose-Producing Amylase of <i>Bacillus circulans</i> F—2 (1991)

Bacillus circulans F-2 produces an alpha-amylase which has a potent starch granule-digesting activity and produces maltohexaose from soluble starch. Action pattern of this amylase was examined in detail. When non-reducing end-labelled amylopectin was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, radioactivity was released rapidly. During enzymatic hydrolysis of amylopectin, intermediate size products were not detected on gel filtration. Relationship between decrease in iodine staining and increase in reducing value during the enzymatic hydrolysis of amylopectin was plotted. The amylase gave a steadily declining line which is very close to that obtained with beta-amylase while alpha-amylase gave a rapidly declining one. The amylase produced labelled glucose, maltose and maltotriose from reducing end-labelled maltoheptaose, -octaose and -nonaose, respectively. The anomeric configuration of produced maltohexaose and maltotetraose was found to be alpha. This amylase was classified as a member of unique alpha-amylases which act in an exo-manner but produce saccharides with alpha configuration.
Use of non‐anthracycline regimens in early stage breast cancer in Australia (2010)

Various factors have recently prompted a re-evaluation of the role of non-anthracycline regimens in early stage breast cancer (ESBC). Since 1990 anthracyclines have been a key component of chemotherapy regimens. However, there is increased understanding of the long-term, irreversible toxicities associated with these therapies, including cardiac failure and secondary leukemia. The development of the taxanes in the 1990s led to new adjuvant chemotherapy regimens and trials of various combinations in an effort to further increase survival and reduce toxicity. Concerns about cardiac toxicity were reinforced with the emergence of trastuzumab for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone causes cardiac toxicity and increases the risk of cardiac toxicity when combined with anthracyclines. These data, combined with recent results demonstrating the efficacy of non-anthracycline regimens in various disease settings, have generated interest in utilizing these therapies in patients with both HER2-positive and -negative tumors. This review outlines the evidence for the use of non-anthracycline adjuvant regimens in ESBC, including cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluoruoracil, docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab and docetaxel and cyclophosphamide, which have demonstrated equivalent efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to anthracycline-based regimens in various trials. The review also examines evidence for the use of non-anthracycline regimens in patients who previously had restricted access to these therapies due to their negative lymph node status. The wider availability of these regimens increases options when deciding upon adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with ESBC, especially in patients with a high risk of cardiac toxicity.
Automated characterization of plaque composition from intravascular ultrasound images (2002)

An automated method for plaque characterization from intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images is reported. The method uses texture analysis and pattern recognition approaches to determine plaque composition after plaque regions have been semi-automatically identified in IVUS frames. Plaque texture description features include gray-level-based measures, co-occurrence matrices, run length measures, and fractal-based measures out of which the most distinguishing set of features was automatically selected and used for classification. Performance of the method was assessed by comparison to the observer-defined plaque composition. Soft plaque regions were automatically identified with 90.2% classification correctness and "hard" plaque regions with a classification correctness of 89.2%. Our results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of automated plaque classification in IVUS images.
Balanced Scorecard (2015)

Abstract The balanced scorecard, originally designed as a measurement system, has evolved into a comprehensive process to manage the execution of an organization's strategy. The framework uses measures to translate the strategic objectives into targets and initiatives while the management system creates focus, alignment, and leadership. It is estimated that 70% of organizations use the balanced scorecard approach to management.
Invisible Digital Watermarking Through Encryption (2010)

Technique for hiding the data of images has been proposed in this paper. At the source, hidden (target image) is encoded within another image (cover image). Firstly, the cover image and the target image can be adjusted by resize function. Secondly, only the final encrypted image i.e. cover image and target image is sent over the network. This image is finally decoded at the receiver end. Received results are encouraging from practical point of view.
Synthesis of titania- and silica-polymer hybrid materials and their application as refractive index-matched layers in touch screens (2015)

Titania- and silica-polymer hybrid materials were prepared with an in situ sol-gel process for refractive index-matched, optical thin-film applications. A random copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MSMA) (poly(MMA-co-MSMA), MMA:MSMA = 78:22 molar ratio) capped with trialkoxysilane in MSMA units was used as a precursor. The precursor was further reacted with titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to synthesize the high (H) and low (L) refractive index hybrid materials, respectively, with an acid-free sol-gel method, which prevents the corrosion of neighboring metals or metal oxides used in optical thin-film applications. The refractive indices of the H and L materials were controlled by the concentrations of TTIP and NaCl used during the acid-free sol-gel process, respectively. The H material on a glass substrate exhibited a high optical transparency of 96%, with respect to bare glass at 550 nm, and a high refractive index of 1.82 when the precursor was reacted with TTIP (90 wt% of the precursor). The L material on a glass substrate showed a high optical transparency of ~100%, with respect to bare glass at 550 nm, and a low refractive index of 1.44 when the precursor was reacted with 2.5 M of NaCl. An indium tin oxide (ITO)/L/H/poly(ethylene terephthalate) thin-film substrate, with the optimum thicknesses of each layer calculated with Macleod software, had a reflexibility difference (ΔR) of < 1% over 65% of the visible spectrum, as well as good flexibility and a long lifetime. These results indicate that the spin-coatable L and H materials could replace the typical low and high refractive index inorganic materials (SiO2 and Nb2O5, respectively) used for flexible touch screen applications.
Enhancements in rigorous simulation of light diffraction from phase-shift masks (2002)

With the increasing importance of phase-shift masks (PSM), the rigorous simulation of the light diffraction from the mask becomes a standard technique in lithography simulation. The combination of rigorous simulation of light diffraction with scalar and vector imaging theory results in several possible model options. The paper presents an overview about these model options. A new approach to the modeling of oblique incidence of light on the mask is proposed. The performance of field decomposition techniques for two selected examples is discussed. The different model options are applied to the simulation of the imaging of an alternating PSM with a ArF scanner. Resist simulations are performed with a calibrated model. Simulation results are verified experimentally and presented via resist imaging data for different pitches.
Severity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus disease in different strains of suckling mice correlates with increasing amounts of endogenous interferon. (1980)

A marked difference was observed in the severity of disease in lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus-infected suckling BALB/c, Swiss, and C3H mice. BALB/c mice had minimal liver lesions and none died, whereas C3H mice had extensive liver lesions and all mice died. An intermediate pattern was oberved for Swiss mice (36% mortality). Although there was no difference in the titers of LCM virus in the plasma or liver between these three strains of mice, there was a marked difference in the amount of interferon produced and the duration of interferonemia. C3H mice produced more interferon than Swiss mice which produced more interferon than BALB/c mice, indicating a direct correlation between the amount of interferon induced by LCM virus and the extent of disease. Inoculation of a potent anti-mouse interferon globulin markedly reduced the incidence of mortality in virus-infected C3H mice. BALB/c mice were as sensitive to the effects of interferon as C3H mice because daily administration of potent interferon preparations did induce disease in this strain. This ensemble of results supports our contention that endogenous interferon is in large part responsible for the manifestaions of acute LCM virus disease in suckling mice.
Normalization detection scheme for high-speed optical frequency-domain imaging and reflectometry (2007)

We introduce a new signal detection method that can effectively suppress the effect of relative intensity noise (RIN) in optical frequency-domain reflectometry or imaging (OFDR/OFDI) schemes to enhance the sensitivity and dynamic range. In this method, spectral interferogram signal is normalized digitally by a spectral reference signal that contains the real-time spectrum and the RIN information of the frequency-swept source. Unlike the conventional balanced detection method that suppresses only additive intensity noises, we found that our proposed scheme removes both the additive and convolutional contributions of the RINs in the final interferogram signals. Experimental demonstrations were performed using a stretched-pulse optical coherence tomography (SP-OCT) system where the high RIN of a supercontinuum source had been a serious drawback. We have experimentally verified the superiority of our proposed scheme in terms of its improved dynamic range in comparison to the balanced detection method. In addition, we have shown that the noise suppression performance is immune to the spectral imbalance characteristics of the optical components used in the system, whereas the common-mode noise rejection of the conventional balanced detection method is influenced by them.
The Synthesis of Some Cyclopropane Hydrocarbons from Methyl Cyclopropyl Ketone (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Some Cyclopropane Hydrocarbons from Methyl Cyclopropyl KetoneRoss Van. Volkenburgh, K. W. Greenlee, J. M. Derfer, and C. E. BoordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 1, 172–175Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01169a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01169a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of postmetallization annealing on ultrathin SiO2 layer properties (2002)

Observation of both longitudinal optical and transverse optical phonons of ∼1.3 nm ultrathin silicon dioxide (SiO2) layers formed by immersion in nitric acid shows that the SiO2 density increases by 16% after postoxidation annealing (POA) at 900 °C. For the SiO2 layers without POA, postmetalization annealing (PMA) greatly decreases the SiO2 thickness from 1.3 to 0.2 nm, the effect of which is attributable to the reaction of aluminum with SiO2 to form a metallic mixture of aluminum oxide and Si. For SiO2 layers with POA, PMA decreases the SiO2 thickness to a lesser extent (from 1.4 to 0.9 nm), because of the suppression of aluminum diffusion into SiO2 due to its dense structure. PMA is found to decrease the interface state density but increase the leakage current density.
Pose estimation in heavy clutter using a multi-flash camera (2010)

We propose a novel solution to object detection, localization and pose estimation with applications in robot vision. The proposed method is especially applicable when the objects of interest may not be richly textured and are immersed in heavy clutter. We show that a multi-flash camera (MFC) provides accurate separation of depth edges and texture edges in such scenes. Then, we reformulate the problem, as one of finding matches between the depth edges obtained in one or more MFC images to the rendered depth edges that are computed offline using 3D CAD model of the objects. In order to facilitate accurate matching of these binary depth edge maps, we introduce a novel cost function that respects both the position and the local orientation of each edge pixel. This cost function is significantly superior to traditional Chamfer cost and leads to accurate matching even in heavily cluttered scenes where traditional methods are unreliable. We present a sub-linear time algorithm to compute the cost function using techniques from 3D distance transforms and integral images. Finally, we also propose a multi-view based pose-refinement algorithm to improve the estimated pose. We implemented the algorithm on an industrial robot arm and obtained location and angular estimation accuracy of the order of 1 mm and 2° respectively for a variety of parts with minimal texture.
Systematic errors of an optical encryption system due to the discrete values of a spatial light modulator (2009)

An optical implementation of the amplitude encoded double random phase encryption/decryption technique is implemented, and both numerical and experimental results are presented. In particular, we examine the effect of quantization in the decryption process due to the discrete values and quantized levels, which a spatial light modulator (SLM) can physically display. To do this, we characterize a transmissive SLM using Jones matrices and then map a complex image to the physically achievable levels of the SLM using the pseudorandom encoding technique. We present both numerical and experimental results that quantify the performance of the system.
Mathematics for Computer Graphics Applications (1999)

This completely revised Second Edition of Computer Graphics includes valuable information on major organizational changes within the last few years. This edition brings to the fore the basic mathematical tools of computer graphics, including vectors, matrices, and transformations. Additionally, it provides a strong, comprehensive base in exploring math, computer science, physics, engineering, and in special subjects such as algebraic and computational geometry, geometric modeling, and CAD/CAM. A highly diversified book that can be utilized as a primary textbook, supplemental teaching resource, individual tutorial, or key reference text. Includes new chapters on symmetry, limit and continuity, constructive solid geometry, and the Bezier curve. Provides many new figures and exercises. Contains an annotated suggested reading list with exercises and answers in each chapter. Appeals to both academics and professionals. Offers a new solutions manual for instructors.
Traffic information aggregation and propagation scheme for vanet in city environment (2010)

Since more and more traffic congestion and accidents happened in the city environment, this paper presents a traffic information aggregation and propagation scheme, which is suitable for the city environment and based on Vehicle Ad hoc Network (VANET) to improve the traffic condition. Roadside units (RSUs) can collect, create and distribute traffic messages, using vehicle-to-vehicle communication and vehicles mutual cooperation. The traffic messages can help drivers to choose a better route and prepare against the traffic events. It's useful to avoid traffic jam and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents. Compared with the existing traffic information systems, this scheme can capture the real-time traffic information accurately, and broadcast all traffic information at the same time. Therefore, the vehicles can receive the traffic information which it need in time. In this way, this scheme can meet the requirement of reducing traffic congestion and improving road safety.
Modified 1×2 directional coupler waveguide modulator (1986)

A novel 1×2 Ti:LiNbO3 modified directional coupler modulator is demonstrated. The 3 dB operating point requires no bias voltage. The device has a lower switching voltage requirement than a conventional directional coupler.
Low-Temperature Synthesis of Monodisperse 3D Manganese Oxide Nanoflowers and Their Pseudocapacitance Properties (2008)

Monodisperse manganese oxide flowerlike nanostructures have been prepared facilely at low temperature and ambient atmosphere. The effect of the reaction time on the microstructure and morphology is observed systemically by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Meanwhile, the possible formation mechanism of the flowerlike nanostructures has been proposed and discussed. It is also found that the reaction temperature has great influences on the morphology of these unique nanostructures. The results of nitrogen adsorption−desorption experiments and electrochemical measurements show that the product obtained at 40 °C for 8 h has large specific surface area, uniform pore size distribution, and excellent capacitance performance, which make it a potential supercapacitor electrode material.
Suplementos Alimenticios Deportivos: ¿pueden hacer al deportista que "dé positivo"? (2004)

Continuamos la serie de informes y articulos que asistan a deportistas y entrenadores de todo lo deben saber sobre los alimentos deportivos, suplementos y otros ergogenicos. Articulo indispensable para todo deportista que compita a cualquier nivel, desde amateur hasta competicion Internacional. En esta segunda parte abarcamos, entre otras, las siguientes preguntas relacionadas con los alimentos deportivos y el doping / dopaje: 

1.	?Pueden los suplementos deportivos dar positivo en un control?
2.	?Que tipo de sustancias prohibidas pueden estar incluidas en los alimentos para deportistas?
3.	?Que es la DEA, la androsteneidona y la 19-norandrosteneidona?
4.	?Porque estas substancias estan prohibidas y como pueden dar positivo?
5.	La mayoria de deportistas no desean tomar substancias prohibidas ?Como es que dan positivo como resultado del consumo de alimentos deportivos?
6.	?Quien informa sobre la seguridad de los alimentos deportivos?
7.	?En que consiste el programa australiano de informacion de los suplementos?
Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants (2006)

Feeding with a soy formula cannot be recommended for prevention of allergy or food intolerance in infants at high risk of allergy or food intolerance. Further research may be warranted to determine the role of soy formulas for prevention of allergy or food intolerance in infants unable to be breast fed with a strong family history of allergy or cow's milk protein intolerance.
Cost control should extend to legal services. (1991)

While a healthcare organization may consider legal services to be outside its management scope, control of legal spending is within a hospital's grasp. Whether an organization is large or active enough to merit an internal legal staff, an administrative position should be established to centralize management of legal services. A hospital may choose to undertake a cost reduction audit, which can determine the feasibility of an internal legal staff and coordinate competitive proposals from outside law firms handling litigation.