gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of formulation additives on the dissolution behavior of tetracycline antibiotics. (1977)

The effect of various formulation additives on the dissolution behavior of three tetracycline antibiotics from compressed tablets (prepared by direct compression) was studied. In general, the dissolution of the antibiotics was found to be retarded by the addition of binding agents such as gelatin and acacia, when they were incorporated in compressed tablets. A study was also undertaken to determine the influence of gelatin and acacia dissolved in the test media. In dissolution experiments on compressed tablets and crystalline powders, a significant dissolution inhibition by the action of the dissolved additives was present, as in the study where additives were incorporated in compressed tablets. It was thought that the possible mechanisms for the retardation effect included the formation of a poor soluble complex between the drug and the additives and the increased viscosity of the medium. A blood level study was also conducted in rats using CTC-HCl and TC-HCl as test materials to determine whether gelatin and acacia affect the membrane permeability of drugs from solutions. Blood concentrations after intraduodenal administration of these two drug solutions with gelatin and acacia were compared to each control level produced by the drug given alone. These two additives resulted in lower blood levels compared to control values.
Hypoxia Inactivates the VHL Tumor Suppressor through PIASy-Mediated SUMO Modification (2010)

The hypoxic microenvironment contributes to embryonic development and tumor progression through stabilization of the potent transcriptional factor HIFalpha. In normoxia, the tumor suppressor protein VHL acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to target HIFalpha for proteolytic destruction. Increasing evidence shows that VHL is a multifunctional adaptor involved in inhibition of HIFalpha-dependent and independent cellular processes. However, the molecular effect of hypoxic stress on VHL functions remains elusive. Here we report that PIASy, a SUMO E3 ligase upregulated in hypoxia, interacts with VHL and induces VHL SUMOylation on lysine residue 171. Moreover, PIASy-mediated SUMO1 modification induces VHL oligomerization and abrogates its inhibitory function on tumor cell growth, migration and clonogenicity. Knockdown of PIASy by small interfering RNA leads to reduction of VHL oligomerization and increases HIF1alpha degradation. These findings reveal a unique molecular strategy for inactivation of VHL under hypoxic stress.
Pulse propagation in nonlinear-optical fibers with phase-locked phase-sensitive amplifiers (1995)

Recently the use of periodically spaced, phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifiers was proposed for compensating for linear loss in a nonlinear fiber-optic communication line [Opt. Lett. 18, 803 (1993)]. In the previous analysis, in which the stability of a single pulse was investigated, the variation of the amplifier phases was neglected. In a physically realizable line, however, the phase of each amplifier would most likely be locked to the phase of the signal pulse or to the average of the phases of many such pulses. Here an analysis is presented in which the amplifier phase is allowed to vary in response to a signal pulse's optical phase. The analysis shows that the solitonlike signal pulses remain stable even with this additional phase variation.
ScanSAR Data Processing Using the Extended Chirp Scaling Algorithm. (1996)

These findings contribute to the emerging molecular basis of venous thromboembolism and, more importantly, help in understanding the biological regulation of a phenotype that has proved to have promising therapeutic properties in relation to thrombosis.
Proteins in Mixed Solvents:  A Molecular-Level Perspective (2003)

We present a statistical mechanical approach for quantifying thermodynamic properties of proteins in mixed solvents. This approach, based on molecular dynamics simulations which incorporate all atom models and the theory of preferential binding, allows us to compute transfer free energies with experimental accuracy and does not incorporate any adjustable parameters. Specifically, we applied our approach to the model proteins RNase A and T1 and the solvent components water, glycerol, and urea. We found that the observed differences in the binding of glycerol and urea to RNase T1 and A are predominantly a consequence of density differences in the first coordination shell of the protein with the cosolvents, but the second solvation shell also contributes to the overall binding coefficients. Our approach allows us to determine the contributions of individual sites on a protein to preferential binding. One conclusion from determining these contributions is that hydrophobic amino acids in RNase T1 tend to bind less water and more cosolvent molecules than hydrophilic amino acids. The success of this approach in modeling preferential binding indicates that it incorporates the important underlying physics of proteins in mixed solvent systems and that the difficulty in quantitative prediction to date can be surmounted by explicitly incorporating the complex protein−solvent and solvent−solvent interactions.
The unravelling of the complex pattern of tyrosinase inhibition (2016)

Tyrosinases are responsible for melanin formation in all life domains. Tyrosinase inhibitors are used for the prevention of severe skin diseases, in skin-whitening creams and to avoid fruit browning, however continued use of many such inhibitors is considered unsafe. In this study we provide conclusive evidence of the inhibition mechanism of two well studied tyrosinase inhibitors, KA (kojic acid) and HQ (hydroquinone), which are extensively used in hyperpigmentation treatment. KA is reported in the literature with contradicting inhibition mechanisms, while HQ is described as both a tyrosinase inhibitor and a substrate. By visualization of KA and HQ in the active site of TyrBm crystals, together with molecular modeling, binding constant analysis and kinetic experiments, we have elucidated their mechanisms of inhibition, which was ambiguous for both inhibitors. We confirm that while KA acts as a mixed inhibitor, HQ can act both as a TyrBm substrate and as an inhibitor.
[Reorganization of the Golgi apparatus of epithelial cells in the frog bladder in stimulation of water transport by antidiuretic hormone]. (1988)

Ultrastructural changes of Golgi apparatus of frog urinary granular cells at antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulation of water transport were studied. During a short-time ADH action (5 min) the fragmentation of the complex on single dictyosomes and dilution of certain cisternae is discovered. A conclusion is made that the granular cell giant vacuoles may originate from the Golgi cisternae. It is suggested that the microtubules may be involved in the translocation of dictyosomes and migration of formed vacuoles. The quantity of microtubules increases during ADH action very significantly. Moreover, the involvement of the Golgi apparatus is shown in the maintenance of the cell membrane balance due to budding of tubular structures from transcisternae and shuttling between luminal and vacuolar membranes.
Mechanisms of pain (2001)

Persistent or chronic pain is the primary reason people seek medical care, yet current therapies are either inadequate for certain types of pain or cause intolerable side effects. Recently, pain neurobiologists have identified a number of cellular and molecular processes that lead to the initiation and maintenance of pain. Understanding these underlying mechanisms has given significant promise for the development of more effective, more specific pain therapies in the near future.
The cellulase of <i>Fusarium solani</i>. Purification and specificity of the β-(1→4)-glucanase and the β-<scp>d</scp>-glucosidase components (1971)

1. Cell-free culture filtrates of the fungus Fusarium solani were examined for homogeneity with respect to beta-d-glucosidase and C(x) activities. 2. o-Nitrophenyl beta-d-glucoside and cellobiose were both used as substrates for beta-d-glucosidase activity. 3. No evidence for the non-identity of nitrophenyl beta-d-glucosidase and cellobiase activities could be found, either by heat treatment, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 or by isoelectric focusing. 4. The beta-d-glucosidase component was also a feeble exo-beta-glucanase: it had a molecular weight of approx. 400000. 5. The fall in viscosity of a solution of CM-cellulose, the formation of reducing sugars in a solution of CM-cellulose and the solubilization of phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (Walseth cellulose), were all used for the measurement of C(x) activity. 6. The ratio of the two types of CM-cellulase activity was not changed after gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 or after chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. 7. Three peaks of C(x) activity were obtained after electrofocusing, but all three possessed the same ratio of the two types of CM-cellulase activity as well as the same CM-cellulase/Walseth activity ratio, as the unfractionated enzyme; all three isoenzymes (isoelectric points, 4.75, 4.80-4.85 and 5.15) acted in synergism with a mixture of the C(1) and the beta-d-glucosidase components to the same extent in the solubilization of cotton fibre. 8. The molecular weight of the C(x) component was approx. 37000.
Preparation of high‐temperature polyurethane by alloying with reactive polyamide (2002)

Abstract A series of novel poly(urethane amide) films were prepared by the reaction of a polyurethane (PU) prepolymer and a soluble polyamide (PA) containing aliphatic hydroxyl groups in the backbone. The PU prepolymer was prepared by the reaction of polyester polyol and 2,4‐tolylenediisocyanate and then was end‐capped with phenol. Soluble PA was prepared by the reaction of 1‐( m ‐aminophenyl)‐2‐( p ‐aminophenyl)ethanol and terephthaloyl chloride. The PU prepolymer and PA were blended, and the clear, transparent solutions were cast on glass substrates; this was followed by thermal treatments at various temperatures to produce reactions between the isocyanate group of the PU prepolymer and the hydroxyl group of PA. The opaque poly(urethane amide) films showed various properties, from those of plastics to those of elastomers, depending on the ratio of the PU and PA components. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed two glass‐transition temperatures ( T g 's), a lower T g due to the PU component and a higher T g due to the PA component, suggesting that the two polymer components were phase‐separated. The rubbery plateau region of the storage modulus for the elastic films was maintained up to about 250 °C, which is considerably higher than for conventional PUs. Tensile measurements of the elastic films of 90/10 PU/PA showed that the elongation was as high as 347%. This indicated that the alloying of PU with PA containing aliphatic hydroxyl groups in the backbone improved the high‐temperature properties of PU and, therefore, enhanced the use temperature of PU. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3497–3503, 2002
Design and Implementation of T-DMB Receiver for Offering Traffic and Traveler Information (2006)

This paper introduces T-DMB (terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting) receiver to provide TTI (traffic and traveler information) service through T-DMB signal. TTI service is one of the most popular services among the data services based on T-DMB, because many people need real time traffic information to avoid the traffic jam caused by the rapid increase in the traffic volume. Many travelers also want travel information around the interested point to visit. In order to satisfy these demands, we developed T-DMB receiver for TTI service based on T-DMB system having high performance in mobility and reception. This receiver can receive two kinds of services simultaneously, and so we can get TTI service while watching the video service through T-DMB in a car. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the receiver and then show the TTI service, which includes RTM (road traffic message), PTI (public transport information), POI (point of interest) and NEWS.
How to perform multi-modality 3D roadmapping in neuro-vascular procedures (2012)

Poster: ECR 2012 / C-1183 / How to perform multi-modality 3D roadmapping in neuro-vascular procedures by: Ruijters, R. Homan, P. Mielekamp, D. Babic; Best/NL
5-Fluorouracil plus leucovorin as adjuvant treatment of an experimental liver tumor in rats. (1990)

Recent experimental and clinical work has shown that leucovorin potentiates the cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). To investigate the adjuvant role for this combination, 5-FU, 30 mg/kg, combined with leucovorin, 15 mg/kg, was administered intraperitoneally on 3 consecutive days beginning on the same day as tumor cell inoculation in the liver. Tumor take and tumor volume were registered on day 14, followed by recording of survival time. The results of the combined treatment were compared with treatment with 5-FU alone. Leucovorin in combination with 5-FU, but not 5-FU alone, significantly reduced the tumor take compared with untreated animals (p less than 0.01). The combination also resulted in smaller tumors compared with untreated animals (p less than 0.001) or with animals given 5-FU alone (p less than 0.01). The present study supports the use of leucovorin in combination with 5-FU as adjuvant treatment of patients with primary colorectal cancer.
The Evaluation of Systems for Cross-language Information Retrieval (2000)

We describe the creation of an infrastructure for the testing of cross-language text retrieval systems within the context of the Text REtrieval Conferences (TREC) organised by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The approach adopted and the issues that had to be taken into consideration when building a multilingual test suite and developing appropriate evaluation procedures to test cross-language systems are described. From 2000 on, a cross-language evaluation activity for European languages known as CLEF (Cross-Language Evaluation Forum) will be coordinated in Europe, while TREC will focus on Asian languages. The implications of the move to Europe and the intentions for the future are discussed. 1.
An optical tactile sensor using the CT reconstruction method (1987)

Abstract The tactile sensors used for robotics and electrical artificial hands are designed to provide force information. They are required to have the capability of not only detecting pressure distribution with high sensitivity, but also to carry strength and provide flexibility in grasping objects. This paper proposes a two‐dimensional tactile sensor based on the pressure‐optical transmission conversion system and the principle of computer tomography. The sensor consists of a three‐layered silicon rubber sheet and an array of opto‐electrical elements embedded in the edge of the sheet. The pressure distribution is detected as an optical transmission pattern. The transmission pattern is reconstructed to a two‐dimensional distribution using the algorithm of the computer tomography (CT) pattern reconstruction. The merits of this method are: 1) the sensor is flexible and suitable for grasping objects; 2) the number of components and signal lines is small; 3) the sensor can withstand excessive force; and 4) the sensor can be attached to a curved surface. In this experiment, using thirty‐two pairs of circular sensor arrays, the pressure distribution of 200 sites with 2.5 mm resolution was obtained. This paper describes the design, the mechanism of transduction, and the performance of the tactile sensor.
The Dispersion Stability of Polyacrylic Copolymers with Three Anionic Sulfonic Groups on Nano Zinc Oxide (2014)

Three anionic sulfonic groups are used as monomers to synthesize sodium polyacrylic copolymers by radical polymerization process. The anionic sulfonic groups are: sodium acrylic sulfonate (SAS), sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), the redox initiator are ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite, the chain transfer agent is sodium bisulfite. The influence of different anionic sulfonic groups on dispersion stability of nanozinc oxide has been discussed.
Conjugated Polymers Containing Large Soluble Diethynyl Iptycenes (2005)

[structures: see text] An efficient synthesis of large iptycenes appended with alkoxy and ethynyl substituents is reported. The rigid shape-persistent iptycene scaffold prevents interactions between the polymer backbones and can be used to solubilize polymers containing less soluble but readily accessible comonomers to prepare functional, solution-processible poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) (PPE)-conjugated polymers. These polymers are highly emissive in thin films without significant excimer/exciplex formation as a result of the effective chain isolation enforced by the iptycene units.
Misoprostol Vaginal Insert and Time to Vaginal Delivery (2013)

I.
Sorting, grouping and duplicate elimination in the advanced information management prototype (1989)

Sorting, duplicate suppression and grouping are important operations in relational database man-agement systems. This paper is devoted to the re-lated language features and their implementation in the Advanced Information Management Prototype AIM-P. The query language HDBL is an SQL-like database language supporting the extended NF* data model. The proposed language extensions follow the classical SQL approach for sorting and duplicate elimination by extending the SFW con-struct with appropriate clauses. For the grouping operation we chose a new syntactical construct be-cause the implicit structure transformation of grouping differs from the sorting and duplicate suppression operations. Finally, the integration into the query evaluation of the AIM prototype is de-scribed. 1.
High-Bending-Stiffness Connector (HBSC) and High-Authority Piezoelectric Actuator (HAPA) Made of Such (2018)

High-authority piezoelectric actuator (HAPA) is a term used to describe high-performance piezoelectric actuators of relatively large displacement (≥50 μm) and high blocking force (≥100 N), but compact in size. One such piezoelectric actuator is described in this paper, which is made possible by means of high-bending-stiffness connector (HBSC) that connects multiple commercial piezoceramic stacks into a stable 2- (or multi-) level actuation configuration. Key design requirements for the HBSC are described. Computer simulation results and experimental verification are presented. A HAPA-(2 + 2) actuator was fabricated from such a HBSC, in which there are two commercial PZT stacks projecting upwards in the upper level and two projecting downwards in the lower lever, all of 5 × 5 mm2 in cross-section and 40 mm in length. The HAPA-(2 + 2) actuator prototype displays about twice the overall stroke and blocking force of individual stacks, being about 90 μm and >1600 N, respectively. This compares favorably with lever-arm, flextensional, and telescopic actuators, of which the blocking force is adversely affected. Using a similar concept, HBSCs and HAPAs of other designs are presented. In addition to being stand-alone actuators, the HAPAs can be used as the active material to drive existing displacement amplification schemes to produce piezoelectric actuators of exceptional performance characteristics.
Have you heard the rumour? (1995)

Rumors and misinformation about the use of contraceptives can arise from general fears about contraception, fears about specific methods, and fears based on a poor understanding of human physiology. In Uganda, general fears about contraception include the notion that usage encourages promiscuity in women, that contraception causes sickness, and that the use of contraception is not socially acceptable. Specific fears about oral contraceptives include the notions that they burn all the women's eggs, that they cause changes in weight, that they cause high blood pressure, and that they are not effective. Specific fears about the IUD are that it can move within the body and that a woman can conceive with it in place (which is true). The condom is thought to be able to disappear in the uterus or to slip off inside a woman's body and require surgical removal. Vasectomy is believed to make men impotent or mentally disturbed. Tubal ligation is thought to stop menstruation or to "overturn" the tubes. Medical personnel can be the source of some of these rumors when they lack appropriate training. Uninformed users can also start rumors. In order to combat these misconceptions and increase the practice of family planning (FP) in Uganda, the FP delivery system must be standardized, FP personnel must be adequately trained, FP providers must counsel clients, satisfied users should disseminate FP information and motivation in their communities, and IEC (information, education, and communication) programs should be increased. In addition to misconceptions, nutritional and sexual taboos affect maternal and child health in Uganda. Some prohibit women from eating high protein foods; others prohibit pregnant women from eating salt. Other practices include 1) deciding whether an infant is really a member of the clan by the behavior of its dried umbilical cord when thrown in water and 2) allowing men instead of women to decide how many children a woman should have.
Large-scale screening of the Gaucher's disease-related glucocerebrosidase gene in Europeans with Parkinson's disease (2010)

Pathogenic variants in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) encoding the enzyme deficient in Gaucher's disease (GD) are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). To investigate the sequence variants, their association with PD and the related phenotypes in a large cohort of European, mostly French, patients and controls, we sequenced all exons of GBA in 786 PD patients from 525 unrelated multiplex families, 605 patients with apparently sporadic PD and 391 ethnically matched controls. GBA mutations were significantly more frequent (odds ratio=6.98, 95% confidence interval 2.54-19.21; P=0.00002) in the PD patients (76/1130=6.7%) than in controls (4/391=1.0%) and in patients with family histories of PD (8.4%) than in isolated cases (5.3%). Twenty-eight different mutations were identified in patient and control groups, including seven novel variants. N370S and L444P accounted for 70% of all mutant alleles in the patient group. PD patients with GBA mutations more frequently had bradykinesia as the presenting symptom and levodopa-induced dyskinesias. The phenotype was similar in patients with one, two or complex GBA mutations, although the two patients with c.1263del+RecTL and N370S/RecΔ55 mutations had signs of GD. Segregation analyses in 21 multiplex families showed that 17% of the affected relatives did not carry GBA mutations found in the given family, indicating heterogeneity of the aetiology, but 46% of the unaffected relatives were GBA mutation carriers. These genotype and clinical analyses on the largest homogeneous sample of European patients studied to date confirmed that GBA mutations are the most common genetic risk factor for PD, particularly in familial forms.
Lewis Base Catalyzed Enantioselective Aldol Addition of Acetaldehyde-Derived Silyl Enol Ether to Aldehydes (2005)

Chiral phosphoramide catalyzed-enantioselective aldol addition of an acetaldehyde-derived trialkylsilyl enol ether to aromatic aldehydes provides protected aldol products in good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. Preliminary studies show that the aldolization intermediate (a chlorohydrin adduct) can be trapped with tert-butyl isocyanide to form an α-hydroxy lactone with good selectivity in a single-pot operation.