gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new iron‐based catalyst for ethylene polymerization (2000)

A new iron-based catalyst, 2,6-bis[(1-naphthanylimino)ethyl]pyridine iron(II) chloride I, has been successfully synthesized and characterized. Ethylene was polymerized by I/methylaluminoxane to give branched, low-density polymers with good activity. The result shows that the new diimino ligand has improved the characteristics of the resulting polyethylene. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrated waveguide PIN photodiodes exploiting lateral Si/Ge/Si heterojunction (2017)

Germanium photodetectors are considered to be mature components in the silicon photonics device library. They are critical for applications in sensing, communications, or optical interconnects. In this work, we report on design, fabrication, and experimental demonstration of an integrated waveguide PIN photodiode architecture that calls upon lateral double Silicon/Germanium/Silicon (Si/Ge/Si) heterojunctions. This photodiode configuration takes advantage of the compatibility with contact process steps of silicon modulators, yielding reduced fabrication complexity for transmitters and offering high-performance optical characteristics, viable for high-speed and efficient operation near 1.55 μm wavelengths. More specifically, we experimentally obtained at a reverse voltage of 1V a dark current lower than 10 nA, a responsivity higher than 1.1 A/W, and a 3 dB opto-electrical cut-off frequency over 50 GHz. The combined benefits of decreased process complexity and high-performance device operation pave the way towards attractive integration strategies to deploy cost-effective photonic transceivers on silicon-on-insulator substrates.
Insulin secretory abnormalities in subjects with hyperglycemia due to glucokinase mutations. (1994)

Pancreatic beta-cell function was studied in six subjects with mutations in the enzyme glucokinase (GCK) who were found to have elevated fasting and postprandial glucose levels in comparison to six normoglycemic controls. Insulin secretion rates (ISRs) were estimated by deconvolution of peripheral C-peptide values using a two-compartment model and individual C-peptide kinetics obtained after bolus intravenous injections of biosynthetic human C-peptide. First-phase insulin secretory responses to intravenous glucose and insulin secretion rates over a 24-h period on a weight maintenance diet were not different in subjects with GCK mutations and controls. However, the dose-response curve relating glucose and ISR obtained during graded intravenous glucose infusions was shifted to the right in the subjects with GCK mutations and average ISRs over a glucose range between 5 and 9 mM were 61% lower than those in controls. In the controls, the beta cell was most sensitive to an increase in glucose at concentrations between 5.5 and 6.0 mM, whereas in the patients with GCK mutations the point of maximal responsiveness was increased to between 6.5 and 7.5 mM. Even mutations that resulted in mild impairment of in vitro enzyme activity were associated with a > 50% reduction in ISR. The responsiveness of the beta cell to glucose was increased by 45% in the subjects with mutations after a 42-h intravenous glucose infusion at a rate of 4-6 mg/kg per min. During oscillatory glucose infusion with a period of 144 min, profiles from the subjects with mutations revealed reduced spectral power at 144 min for glucose and ISR compared with controls, indicating decreased ability to entrain the beta cell with exogenous glucose. In conclusion, subjects with mutations in GCK demonstrate decreased responsiveness of the beta cell to glucose manifest by a shift in the glucose ISR dose-response curve to the right and reduced ability to entrain the ultradian oscillations of insulin secretion with exogenous glucose. These results support a key role for the enzyme GCK in determining the in vivo glucose/ISR dose-response relationships and define the alterations in beta-cell responsiveness that occur in subjects with GCK mutations.
Constraint Stratification in Deductive Databases. (1994)

Contig assembly is the first stage that most assemblers solve when reconstructing a genome from a set of reads. Its output consists of contigs-a set of strings that are promised to appear in any genome that could have generated the reads. From the introduction of contigs 20 years ago, assemblers have tried to obtain longer and longer contigs, but the following question remains: given a genome graph G (e.g., a de Bruijn, or a string graph), what are all the strings that can be safely reported from G as contigs? In this article, we answer this question using a model in which the genome is a circular covering walk. We also give a polynomial-time algorithm to find such strings, which we call omnitigs. Our experiments show that omnitigs are 66%-82% longer on average than the popular unitigs, and 29% of dbSNP locations have more neighbors in omnitigs than in unitigs.
Symbolization and imitation learning of motion sequence using competitive modules (2006)

Abstract In this research the authors evaluate a new method for control using several prediction models and recognition of movement series. In MOSAIC (MOdule Selection And Identification for Control), which uses a prediction model with several modules as proposed by Wolpert and Kawato (1998), a module that pairs a prediction model which predicts the future state to be controlled and a controller are switched and assembled based on the size of the prediction error in the prediction model. The authors propose a method using MOSAIC to divide continuous time patterns for human or robot movement into their constituent parts as several series of movement elements. Moreover, the authors evaluate a method to recognize movement patterns of another person using one's own module and imitation learning based on this method. From the results of simulations of acrobot control, the authors show that symbolization of movement patterns and imitation learning based on that are possible. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 89(9): 42–53, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20267
High Throughput Hla Sequence-Based Typing (Sbt) Utilizing the Abi Prism® 3700 Dna Analyzer (2001)

Aims and background The genetic complexity of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has required the development of various molecular typing methods. The purpose of this paper is to compare the results of two of these molecular methods: sequenced based typing (SBT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). Methods The SBT method described utilizes an ABI Prism® 3700 DNA Analyzer, which has been designed fro high throughput production of sequence data through highly automated operation with significant walk-away time. The ABI Prism® 3700 DNA Analyzer is a 96-capillary electrophoresis instrument with the capability of running four 96-well plates black to back in a sixteen-hour period. Potentially, data from this machine can produce Class I sequences for A or B loci for 64 samples in this time frame. The SBT method encompassed exons 2, 3, and 4 with forward and reverse sequence orientation reactions using the PE Biosystems HLA-A and HLA-B Sequenced Based Typing Kits (PE Applied Biopsystems/Perkin-Elmer, Foster City, CA, USA). Most SBT methods previously employed only gather data from exons 2 and 3 which distinguishes most of the polymorphism necessary to identify the majority of alleles in the HLA region. However, in an effort to discern numerous null alleles in the HLA region, exon 4 data is also included. The PCR-SSP method utilized consists of one 96 well tray, with 95 primer mixes and one negative control, per sample designed to produce an intermediate/high resolution HLA-A, B typing. Results Data from one 96-well capillary run on the ABI Prism® 3700 DNA Analyzer, which consists of results from 16 samples for HLA-A or HLA-B loci, was compared to data derived from sixteen HLA-A and HLA-B PCR-SSP typings. 75% of loci tested achieved a higher resolution HLA typing by the SBT method. Discussion The ability to provide allele level HLA typing results can have significant functional implications for the bone marrow transplant community and numerous vaccine studies.
Dumbbell-shaped Nanowire with Body Contact Region for Three Dimensional (3D) NAND Flash Memory Application (2010)

The three dimensional (3D) nanowire device having a body contact region is proposed. Effect of modulated gap width between body and source is simulated in a dumbbell-shaped 3D nanowire structure. For 3D stacked NAND flash memory array application, nanowire body-contacted common source line (CSL) structure is investigated. Specific design issue of ground select line (GSL) is also discussed.
Rous Sarcoma Virus Translation Revisited: Characterization of an Internal Ribosome Entry Segment in the 5′ Leader of the Genomic RNA (2000)

The 5' leader of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) genomic RNA and of retroviruses in general is long and contains stable secondary structures that are critical in the early and late steps of virus replication such as RNA dimerization and packaging and in the process of reverse transcription. The initiation of RSV Gag translation has been reported to be 5' cap dependent and controlled by three short open reading frames located in the 380-nucleotide leader upstream of the Gag start codon. Translation of RSV Gag would thus differ from that prevailing in other retroviruses such as murine leukemia virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus type A, and simian immunodeficiency virus, in which an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) in the 5' end of the genomic RNA directs efficient Gag expression despite stable 5' secondary structures. This prompted us to investigate whether RSV Gag translation might be controlled by an IRES-dependent mechanism. The results show that the 5' leaders of RSV and v-Src RNA exhibit IRES properties, since these viral elements can promote efficient translation of monocistronic RNAs in conditions inhibiting 5' cap-dependent translation. When inserted between two cistrons in a canonical bicistronic construct, both the RSV and v-Src leaders promote expression of the 3' cistron. A genetic analysis of the RSV leader allowed the identification of two nonoverlapping 5' and 3' leader domains with IRES activity. In addition, the v-Src leader was found to contain unique 3' sequences promoting an efficient reinitiation of translation. Taken together, these data lead us to propose a new model for RSV translation.
A simple 6-bit neural-based A/D converter employing only CMOS inverters (2002)

A simple neural-based A/D converter employing only CMOS inverters is considered. Its structure based on a neural network with feed-forward and nonsymmetrical connections. A formal neuron model can easily be implemented by the use of CMOS inverters. Weights for synapses are given as fixed numerical values of channel conductances of pull-up PMOS and pull-down NMOS transistors of CMOS inverters. A 6-bit A/D converter is realized with 2 /spl mu/m CMOS process employing MOSIS service, and measured for confirming a behavior of the proposed structure.
Effects of Sulfate, Pyrophosphate, and Citrate Ions on the Physicochemical Properties of Cements Made of β‐Tricalcium Phosphate‐Phosphoric Acid‐Water Mixtures (1996)

Several additives were selected to increase the setting time of calcium phosphate cements made of β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP; β‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 )‐phosphoric acid‐water mixtures. The effects of the additives, i.e., sulfate, pyrophosphate, and citrate ions, are presented in this study. The results show that they all increased the setting time of the cement. Their effectiveness at increasing the setting time is in the order pyrophosphate > citrate > sulfate. The effect of sulfate ions on the setting time is increasingly large below a concentration of 0.1 M . Above that concentration, calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD; CaSO 4 ‐2H 2 O) crystals nucleate and act as nuclei for dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD; CaHPO 4 ‐2H 2 O) crystals, which are the normal product of the setting reaction. This decreases the setting time and decreases the DCPD crystal size, resulting in an increase of the tensile strength of the cement.
Dual instance and attribute weighting for Naive Bayes classification (2014)

Naive Bayes (NB) network is a popular classification technique for data mining and machine learning. Many methods exist to improve the performance of NB by overcoming its primary weakness - the assumption that attributes are conditionally independent given the class, using techniques such as backwards sequential elimination and lazy elimination. Some weighting technologies, including attribute weighting and instance weighting, have also been proposed to improve the accuracy of NB. In this paper, we propose a dual weighted model, namely DWNB, for NB classification. In DWNB, we firstly employ an instance similarity based method to weight each training instance. After that, we build an attribute weighted model based on the new training data, where the calculation of the probability value is based on the embedded instance weights. The dual instance and attribute weighting allows DWNB to tackle the conditional independence assumption for accurate classification. Experiments and comparisons on 36 benchmark data sets demonstrate that DWNB outperforms existing weighted NB algorithms.
Effects of Dark Treatment of Pseudobulbs on the Development of Later a Bud in Cymbidium. (1998)

シンビジウムの繁殖において,組織培養による変異は深刻な問題であるため,遺伝性が安定している株分けによる増殖法の改善を目的に,暗黒処理がバルブ(偽球茎)からのシュートの発生,バルブの発育および開花に及ぼす影響を明らかにした.バルブ以下の部分を5ヵ月間暗黒処理したところ,どの品種でもバルブからのシュート発生数が増加したことから,暗黒処理に著しいシュート発生促進効果が確認された.その効果はリードバルブで強く現れ,すべてのリードバルブからシュートが発生した.しかし,バルブ当たりのシュート数は2年生,1年生バックバルブの方がリードバルブより多かった.シュート数は暗黒処理中の6～9月にわたって,継続的に増加したが,8月～9月の間がもっとも多かった.暗黒処理は2年生および1年生バックバルブの葉の離脱を抑制し,発根の促進および既存の根を長期間健全に保つことが明らかになった.また,根数が多ければ多いほど発生したシュート数が多い傾向を示した.以上からバルブへの暗黒処理によって株分け増殖法の効率を通常の2倍程度に高めることが可能である.Cym. Hong Guiのみでバルブから花茎が発達し,開花した.しかし,シュート発生数の多いバルブでは花茎の発達は抑制された.
Managing Asia Pacific's energy dependence on the Middle East : is there a role for Central Asia? (2002)

For more about the East-West Center, see <a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/">http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a>
Australia Needs a Mental Health Commission (2004)

It is recommended that the Australian National Mental Health Plan 2003-2008 should be complemented by a long-standing national mental health commission (or similarly constituted body), which is also able to report independently from and to the government, with direct access to the Prime Minister, Premiers and Australian Health Ministers. Its aims would be to monitor service effectiveness and identify gaps in service provision, training and performance of the work force, management and government. It would be informed by consumer, carer and provider experience, and by reviews of evidence-based research regarding health needs and cost-effective services. It should accurately cost such service gaps, and advise government on a strategy for implementing them. It could also promote and advise formally on enhancing community awareness, decreasing stigma and discrimination and improving workforce recruitment and retention.
Media coverage of the post Title-IX female athlete: A feminist analysis of sport, gender, and power (1996)

I. Introduction Sport is one of the most important institutions in American culture. This certainly is demonstrated by the vast resources spent on sport-related enter- prises. With respect to discretionary spending alone, billions of dollars are spent annually on the sale of licensed sport products (e.g., baseball caps). In 1992, retail sales of all licensed sport merchandise totaled $ 12.2 billion. 1 In the early 1990s, the top four men's professional sport leagues (football, bas- ketball, baseball, and ice hockey) generated almost $ 4 billion in revenues. 2 Most recently, Anheuser-Busch announced that they had signed a $ 40 million contract to be the official beer sponsor of the 1996 Olympic Games to be held in Atlanta, Georgia. 3 Sport has become such a bedrock of our national psyche that sport figures often come to symbolize larger pressing social concerns such as date rape (Mike Tyson), never-ending and seemingly ran- dom acts of violence (Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan, Monica Seles), and spousal abuse (O.J. Simpson). In spite of the all-pervasive influence of sport, academic scholars have ignored its significance. But if sport is "just a game," why are so much time, money, and cultural support invested in this particular institution? As media scholar Nick Trujillo cautions, the academic study of sport should not be taken lightly as an area of scholarly pursuit. 4 Feminist scholars in particular have given scant attention to sport, per- haps because they consider it an activity that belongs to men and therefore has little ...
Flip-chip power distribution (2002)

By using thin-film (MCM-D) and flip-chip solder bump technologies to distribute power and ground to an IC, the percentage of metal fill required on the power and ground layers can be reduced. However, significant reductions require a very dense solder bump technology.
Mapping the innate signaling cascade essential for cytokine storm during influenza virus infection (2014)

During pathogenic influenza virus infection, robust cytokine production (cytokine storm), excessive inflammatory infiltrates, and virus-induced tissue destruction all contribute to morbidity and mortality. Earlier we reported that modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate-1 receptor (S1P1R) signaling provided a chemically tractable approach for the effective blunting of cytokine storm, leading to the improvement of clinical and survival outcomes. Here, we show that S1P1R agonist treatment suppresses global cytokine amplification. Importantly, S1P1R agonist treatment was able to blunt cytokine/chemokine production and innate immune cell recruitment in the lung independently of endosomal and cytosolic innate sensing pathways. S1P1R signaling suppression of cytokine amplification was independent of multiple innate signaling adaptor pathways for myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and IFN-β promoter stimulator-1 signaling, indicating a common pathway inhibition of cytokine storm. We identify the MyD88 adaptor molecule as responsible for the majority of cytokine amplification observed following influenza virus challenge.
Shear madness: new orthonormal bases and frames using chirp functions (1993)

The proportional-bandwidth and constant-bandwidth time-frequency signal decompositions of the wavelet, Gabor, and Wilson orthonormal bases have attracted substantial interest for representing nonstationary signals. However, these representations are limited in that they are based on rectangular tessellations of the time-frequency plane. While much effort has gone into methods for designing nice wavelet and window functions for these frameworks, little consideration has been given to methods for constructing orthonormal bases employing nonrectangular time-frequency tilings. The authors take a first step in this direction by deriving two new families of orthonormal bases and frames employing elements that shear, or chirp, in the time-frequency plane, in addition to translate and scale. The new scale-shear fan bases and shift-shear chevron bases are obtained by operating on an existing: wavelet, Gabor (1946), or Wilson basis set with two special unitary warping transformations. In addition to the theoretical benefit of broadening the class of valid time-frequency plane tilings, these new bases could possibly also be useful for representing certain types of signals, such as chirping and dispersed signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chinese hamster ovary cell adhesion to human platelet thrombospondin is dependent on cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan. (1989)

Thrombospondin is a 420-kD platelet alpha-granule glycoprotein that binds specifically to heparin. We examined adhesion to thrombospondin of CHO K1 cells and three mutant CHO lines with varying deficiencies in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis. In an experiment in which the parent line (K1) had 78% adherence to thrombospondin adsorbed to tissue culture plastic, CHO S745 cells, with less than 6% normal GAG synthesis had 11% adherence. CHO S677 cells, with decreased heparan sulfate proteoglycan but increased chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, had 42% adherence. CHO S803 cells, with decreased heparan sulfate proteoglycan and normal chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, had 31% adherence. Heparin inhibited K1 cell adhesion to thrombospondin, but not fibronectin, in a concentration-dependent manner. Dermatan sulfate but not chondroitin sulfate was also inhibitory. There was markedly decreased K1 cell adhesion to a thrombospondin core fragment that lacked the heparin binding NH2-terminal domain. Purified heparin binding domain, although poorly adhesive when adsorbed to substratum, inhibited cell adhesion to intact thrombospondin. Adhesion was better for all cell lines tested, including three human tumor cell lines, when thrombospondin was adsorbed at pH 4.0 compared with pH 7.4. When adsorption of thrombospondin was done at pH 7.4, cell adhesion was better when thrombospondin was adsorbed in the presence of greater than or equal to 0.6 mM calcium, compared to 0.1 mM calcium or EDTA. These findings suggest that thrombospondin can adsorb to plastic with varying degrees of exposure of a cell adhesion domain. We conclude that the thrombospondin cell adhesion receptor on CHO cells is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and that cell adhesion to thrombospondin depends on conformation of adsorbed thrombospondin.
Low switching loss, high power gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs) with n-buffer and new anode short structure (2003)

6000-V gate-turn-off thyristors (GTOs) were developed for high-voltage power converters. In order to attain a high blocking voltages simultaneously with low turn-on and turn-off switching losses, a combination of an n-buffer layer and a cylindrical-anode short structure was implemented. This structure is effective in sweeping away excess carriers during turn-off transient without increasing the on-state voltage. The device, fabricated on a 33 mm diameter wafer, can turn off an anode current greater than 700 A at a junction temperature of 125 degrees C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Symmetry-Constrained Concurrent CMA and DD Algorithm for Adaptive Multi-Antenna System (2013)

This paper proposes a powerful symmetry- constrained concurrent blind filter (SC-CBF) for adaptive multi- antenna beamforming systems. The proposed SC-CBF beamformer is created according to the concurrently activated symmetry-constrained constant modulus algorithm (SC-CMA) and symmetry-constrained decision-directed filter (SC-DD). Both SC-CMA and SC-DD are obtained from a generalized ideal weight property, which is derived based on an ideal blind beamforming weight expression. Following the generalized ideal weight property, the performance of the SC-CBF beamformer is quite robust to the error propagation occurring in low signal-to-noise ratios compared to the traditional CBF one. The simulation results have shown that the proposed SC-CMA and SC-CBF beamformers provide much faster convergence rates than the existing adaptive blind beamformers.
Malignant transformation in 1458 patients with potentially malignant oral mucosal disorders: a follow‐up study based in a Taiwanese hospital (2006)

These results indicate that patients with pre-malignant oral lesions need long-term follow up.