gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fast, energy-efficient z-comparator (2005)

We present a fast and energy-efficient z-comparator that takes advantage of the fact that the result of most depth comparisons can be determined by examining just a few bits. This feature is made possible by the use of asynchronous logic, which enables the comparator to rapidly compare bits until the result is clear and then stop. Using depth data from well-known computer games, SPICE simulations indicate that our comparator consumes only 25% of the energy and operates 1.67 times faster, on average, compared to an equivalent synchronous design. The comparator design is used to illustrate a more general design principle, "compute on demand," which can potentially enable graphics hardware to be faster and more energy-efficient.
Introduction to time and frequency metrology (1999)

In this article, I will review the definition of time and time interval, and I will describe some of the devices that are used to realize these definitions. I will then introduce the principles of time and frequency metrology, including a discussion of some of the types of measurement hardware in common use and the statistical machinery that is used to analyze these data. I will also introduce various techniques of distributing time and frequency information, with special emphasis on the global positioning system satellites. I will then discuss the advantages of clock ensembles and a prototype time-scale algorithm. I will conclude with a discussion of how clocks are synchronized to remote servers using noisy and poorly characterized transmission channels.
The Optimal Current Ratio Control of Redundant Electric Drive Systems and Diagnostic Strategies for Disagreement (2021)

As research into technology for autonomous vehicles becomes ever more intensive, the need for redundant system designs, as a solution for fail-operational functionality, has also increased. Redundant systems are those involved in maintaining normal operation even when one or more components fails. In particular, in electric power steering (EPS) systems, redundancy is achieved by applying dual-winding (DW), permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and dual electronic control units (ECUs). In this study, the torque and efficiency of DW-PMSMs is analysed based on the manner in which the currents in each winding mechanism are combined. It was found that the PMSMs have maximum torque and efficiency when the current ratio was the same between DWs. A diagnostic strategy is proposed whereby the phase current ratio of dual lanes is not matched. The proposed diagnostic process includes the selection of the optimal fault threshold of the current difference between two ECUs and a method for distinguishing which of these was a failure for disagreement. In addition, depending on whether or not failure detection has occurred, a current compensation control method is proposed for reverting to normal operation or for failure operations. The dual-lane system was fabricated and the proposed solutions were experimentally verified.
High voltage microwave DC block for microstrip ground planes (1990)

A novel high-voltage DC block is discussed for use in the microstrip ground plane. Empirical results of the passband characteristics are presented.
Robust spoken language identification using large vocabulary speech recognition (2002)

A robust, task independent spoken language identification (LID) system which uses a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) module for each language to choose the most likely language spoken is described. The acoustic analysis uses mean cepstral removal on mel scale cepstral coefficients to compensate for different input channels. The system has been trained on 5 languages: English, German, Japanese, Mandarin Chinese and Spanish using a subset of the Oregon Graduate Institute 11 language data base. The five language results show 88% correct recognition for 50 second utterances without using confidence measures and 98% correct with confidence measures without the robust front end. The recognition rate is 81% correct for 10 second utterances without confidence measures and 93% correct with confidence measures without the robust front end. Adding the robust front end improves the recognition rate approximately 3% on the short utterances and 1% for the long utterances. The best performance has been obtained for systems trained on phonetically hand labeled speech.
NGSeasy: a next generation sequencing pipeline in Docker containers (2015)

<ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Motivation</ns4:bold> : Bioinformatic pipelines often use large numbers of components and deploying them incurs substantial configuration and maintenance burden that remains a significant barrier to reproducible research. Our aim is to define a new paradigm and best practices for developing, distributing and running pipelines encapsulated in Docker containers (lightweight virtualization), with a focus on next generation sequencing (NGS) workflows. This approach provides several advantages, namely: efficiency, portability, versioning and reproducibility. Using the NGSeasy pipeline, a user can quickly deploy any pipeline version in any environment (e.g. operating systems, workstations, clusters, clouds). While this might also be achieved with a virtual machine (VM); VMs lack portability, have substantial overhead (disk, CPU, RAM), and require allocated resources to be provisioned statically – Docker, to a large extent, solves these issues. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results</ns4:bold> : We demonstrate best practices for packaging and execution of a multicomponent pipeline for NGS using a set of container building blocks which are versioned, modular and reusable. We present a basic ”proof of concept” evaluation of a next generation sequencing pipeline in Docker containers, capable of producing meaningful results, that are comparable with public and ”best practice” workflows, with little to no impact on standard computing performance. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Availability</ns4:bold> : Both versioned Dockerfiles and container images for each component are published on GitHub and Docker Hub, respectively. The pipeline and containers can be pulled from Docker Hub and executed on any environment capable of running the Docker platform with minimum hardware requirements for running an NGS pipeline. </ns4:p>
Study of cryostructuration of polymer systems. XV. Freeze–Thaw‐induced formation of cryoprecipitate matter from low‐concentrated aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (1999)

Freeze–thaw treatment of low-concentrated (<C*) aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) results in the formation of a cryoprecipitate fraction. It is shown that the efficiency of such a process (the yield of PVA cryoprecipitation) depends on the initial polymer concentration in the solution to be frozen and the conditions of a cryogenic influence. The key factor is defrostation dynamics: The slower the thawing rate, the higher the cryoprecipitation yield. The iodine-staining method is employed for the quantitative analysis of PVA concentrations in the solutions under study and the necessity of the use of reduced (0–2°C) temperatures throughout such a PVA quantification is demonstrated. Observation of the kinetics of the freeze–thaw-induced formation of cryoprecipitate matter reveals the extreme character of the temperature dependence of the efficacy of PVA macromolecule aggregation, the extreme point being situated in the vicinity of −2°C. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1978–1986, 1999
Indium phosphide : crystal growth and characterization (1990)

Summarizes advances made in direct synthesis, large crystal growth with low dislocation densities, and epitaxial layer growth. The book provides descriptions of substrate preparation and evaluation, and treats methods for the reduction of dislocations and the measurement of stochiometric defects.
MICROWAVE AMPLIFICATION IN A DC-BIASED BULK SEMICONDUCTOR (1965)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H. W. Thim, M. R. Barber, B. W. Hakki, S. Knight, M. Uenohara; MICROWAVE AMPLIFICATION IN A DC‐BIASED BULK SEMICONDUCTOR. Appl. Phys. Lett. 15 September 1965; 7 (6): 167–168. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1754360 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
External trade of agroindustrial product of Serbia and Republic of Macedonia within the CEFTA agreement (2012)

Foreign trade of agro-industrial products and the liberalization of trade exhibits in addition a number of benefits and risks of aggravating circumstances. For food producers in Serbia the process of trade liberalization is a tough competition. This implies the necessity of raising the technological level of production, productivity, efficiency and application of marketing management. Increased competition in the domestic market should contribute to increasing the quality and supply of goods. It is realistic to expect a decline in product prices, which in perspective could be a problem to domestic producers, reducing their income. However, this process allows consumers a wider choice of cheaper goods. The subject of this paper is the foreign trade of agro-industrial products of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia within the framework of the CEFTA agreement signed in accordance with the agreement on free trade. It contributes to the Western Balkan to become economically integrated area for goods and services. It also should be a distinctive destination for foreign investment. The aim of the research is considering possibilities of improving and expanding foreign trade of agro-industrial products of the Republic of Serbia, as well as the reduction of imports from the Republic of Macedonia. The task is, among other things, to quantify the change in order to gain insight on the movement and actual trends, as well as to determine the mutual interdependence of the factors that influenced the dominant tendencies manifested.
Development of infrared focal plane arrays for space (1997)

Space astronomy requires large-area cryogenic infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) with high quantum efficiency, extremely low dark current, low power dissipation, and background limited noise performance. To meet these requirements, especially at temperatures of 5–15 K, Santa Barbara Research Center designed and fabricated a new multiplexer, CRC-744. The FPAs made by bonding InSb detector arrays to CRC-744 multiplexers were evaluated at the University of Rochester. The best array achieved the read noise of 5 e − with 12 s integration and 7 e − with 200 s integration with Fowler-64 sampling at 15 K, the average dark current of &lt;0.2 e−/ s at both 15 and 29 K, and the average quantum efficiency of 87% at both 15 and 29 K. The 10%–90% rise time was 4 μs driving a 600 pF external load. The power dissipation was 0.3–0.4 mW when running flat-out (100% duty cycle). The full well capacity was 105 e− (230 mV) with 400 mV of applied bias. The above test results demonstrate that the FPAs meet background-limited space experiment requirements. The CRC-744 multiplexer works well down to at least 5 K (the lowest temperature of our tests).
Studies on the control of zucchini yellow mosaic virus in courgettes by mild strain protection (1992)

Mild‐strain cross protection was used in field trials at Wellesbourne and in Jersey in attempts to protect courgette plants against severe strains of zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Test plants were sap inoculated with the mild strain and then challenged by an aphid‐transmitted severe strain after different periods. Approximately 14 days of incubation were required following mild‐strain inoculation to provide protection against subsequent infection by severe strains. No protection occurred if severe strains were introduced 2 days (48 h) after mild‐strain inoculation and protection was intermediate if the severe‐strain challenge occurred after 7–8 days. Some breakdown in protection occurred in the later stages of the trial at Wellesbourne, but not in Jersey. This loss of protection may be associated with high inoculum pressures.
Quantum Goos-Hänchen Effect in Graphene (2009)

The Goos-Hänchen (GH) effect is an interference effect on total internal reflection at an interface, resulting in a shift sigma of the reflected beam along the interface. We show that the GH effect at a p-n interface in graphene depends on the pseudospin (sublattice) degree of freedom of the massless Dirac fermions, and find a sign change of sigma at angle of incidence alpha=arcsin sqrt[sinalpha{c}] determined by the critical angle alpha{c} for total reflection. In an n-doped channel with p-doped boundaries the GH effect doubles the degeneracy of the lowest propagating mode, introducing a twofold degeneracy on top of the usual spin and valley degeneracies. This can be observed as a stepwise increase by 8e;{2}/h of the conductance with increasing channel width.
Effect of Magnetic Field on &gamma;&rarr;&alpha;&prime; Martensitic Transformation and Magnetization of &alpha;&prime; and &alpha;&Prime; Iron-Nitrides (2000)

Magnetic field assists the Martensitic transformation occurring in γ-FeN . The molar fraction of the α′ phase monotonically increases with an increasing magnetic field at 4.2 K and reaches 92% at 28 T of static field. Magnetization of α′ phase with 9.8 at%N is found to be larger than pure iron and 2.95×10−4 Wb·m/kg. Heat treatment for α′ phase at 393 K results in formation of α″-Fe16N2. But neither decrease nor substantial increase was observed in the magnetization. The α″ phase possesses a magnetization equal to or bigger than 3.0×10−4 Wb·m/kg.
A Finite-Element Model for Residual Stresses and Deflections in Girth-Butt Welded Pipes (1978)

Computational models for predicting transient temperature distributions, residual stresses, and residual deflections for girth-butt welds are described. Comparisons of predicted and measured temperatures for a two-pass welded pipe show agreement to within 9 percent and 17 percent of the measured values for passes one and two, respectively, the model for predicting residual stresses and residual deflections is based on a finite-element representation recognizing individual passes, temperature dependent elastic-plastic constitutive behavior, elastic unloading for material in the nonlinear stress-strain range, and changes in geometry due to the deformation of each weld pass. Load incrementation and incremental stress-strain relations are also used. Results for a two-pass girth-butt welded pipe show good correlation between residual stresses and residual deflections obtained from the computational model and data obtained from a welded 304 stainless steel pipe.
Cu<sup>2+</sup>-Exchanged Zeolites as Catalysts for Phenol Hydroxylation with Hydrogen Peroxide (2004)

The Cu2+-exchanged NaY, HY, USHY, Hβ, and HZSM-5 zeolites were prepared and evaluated in phenol hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide using an atmospheric batch reactor. CuNaY, CuHY, and CuHβ catalysts were found to be more active than TS-1 or a simple homogeneous copper nitrate catalyst under similar reaction conditions. Both zeolite type and copper content in the zeolite catalyst were revealed to exert critical impact upon the catalytic activity in phenol hydroxylation. Reaction time, reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of phenol to hydrogen peroxide also remarkably influenced the reaction results. The addition of a small amount of hydrochloric acid to the reaction systems significantly enhanced the phenol conversion, hydroxylation selectivity, and reaction rate. The used catalysts can be regenerated completely by calcination at 450 °C for 4 h in air. On the basis of ESR spectroscopy, the relationship between catalytic activity and copper loading is explained and the hydroxyl radical is suggested as the reaction intermediate.
Vaccine Activation of the Nutrient Sensor GCN2 in Dendritic Cells Enhances Antigen Presentation (2013)

The yellow fever vaccine YF-17D is one of the most successful vaccines ever developed in humans. Despite its efficacy and widespread use in more than 600 million people, the mechanisms by which it stimulates protective immunity remain poorly understood. Recent studies using systems biology approaches in humans have revealed that YF-17D-induced early expression of general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2) in the blood strongly correlates with the magnitude of the later CD8(+) T cell response. We demonstrate a key role for virus-induced GCN2 activation in programming dendritic cells to initiate autophagy and enhanced antigen presentation to both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. These results reveal an unappreciated link between virus-induced integrated stress response in dendritic cells and the adaptive immune response.
Pulsed interrogation of the SAW torque sensor for electrical power assisted steering (2005)

A contactless torque sensor, based on four one-port SAW resonators on quartz substrates working in the 430-437 MHz frequency range, is presented in this paper. The design of the sensor allows full compensation of the bending effect. A single stationary interrogation unit is used to measure resonant frequencies of all four resonators attached to the rotating shaft. The interrogation method is based on a pulsed excitation of the natural oscillations and their subsequent spectral analysis. The achieved standard deviation of the measured frequency difference is sufficient for electrical power assisted-steering applications in the automotive industry.
Potent Low Molecular Weight Substrates for Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase (1996)

The ability of protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) to catalyze the hydrolysis of simple aromatic phosphates has been recognized for some time. However, these compounds are significantly poorer substrates than their peptide-based counterparts containing phosphotyrosine. Consequently, the effort to create potent PTPase substrates has predominantly focused on the use of peptidic carriers to deliver the phosphotyrosine moiety to the enzyme active site. We now report the synthesis and evaluation of several low molecular weight aromatic phosphates that serve as robust substrates for the rat PTPase, PTP1. We initially surveyed the ability of PTP1 to catalyze the hydrolysis of a variety of phenyl phosphate structural variants. Sterically demanding substituents positioned ortho and (to a lesser extent) meta to the phosphate group severely compromise the ability of these species to serve as phosphatase substrates. However, both benzylic and negatively charged substituents para to the hydrolyzable phosphate dramatically promote hydrolytic efficiency, which appears to be augmented through a dramatic enhancement in the affinity of the substrate for PTP1. The best substrate examined in this study exhibits a Km of 16 +/- 3 microM. In addition, it serves as an inhibitor of the PTP1-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate with a Ki of 4.9 +/- 0.7 microM. The extraordinary structural simplicity of this compound, as well as those of several others described herein, provides a promising starting point for the design of potent PTPase inhibitors.
A Competitive Ligand Binding Assay for Measurement of Thyroid Hormone-Binding Inhibitor in Serum and Tissues* (1984)

A competitive ligand-binding assay (CLBA) is described for measurement of an inhibitor(s) of serum binding of T4 in ether extracts of serum and in homogenates and extracts of tissues. The CLBA is based on the effect of thyroid hormone binding inhibitor (THBI) on partition of a constant amount of radiolabeled ligand [(125I]T4) between fixed amounts of serum and an anti-T4 antibody. The method is convenient, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible. The coefficient of variation averaged 8.9% within an assay and 12.8% between assays. Several fatty acids, e.g. arachidonic acid, lauric acid, linolenic acid, and linoleic acid, had potent THBI activity in the CLBA; arachidonic acid was more potent than the other fatty acids. Since oleic acid cross-reacted substantially with T4-binding sites on anti-T4, its THBI activity was examined by an equilibrium dialysis method; it was about 77% as potent as arachidonic acid. Arachidic, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids, choleserol, various phospholipids and triglycerides (triolein and tripalmitin) had little or no THBI activity in the CLBA. THBI activity was detected in the sera of 50% (60% when serum T4 was low and 42% when it was normal) of 34 patients with nonthyroid illnesses (NTI) when studied by CLBA and in 59% (67% when serum T4 was low and 53% when it was normal) of patients when determined by the inhibitory ratio (normalized dialysis ratio/normalized binding ratio). THBI values obtained by the CLBA correlated significantly (r = 0.58; P less than 0.001) with those obtained by the inhibitory ratio method. The dose-response curve of an ether extract of pooled sera of hospitalized patients was parallel to that of arachidonic acid in the CLBA. Among various rat tissues, the small intestine had the most THBI activity in both homogenates and ether extracts of homogenates. Ether (2 vol) extracted about 63% of the THBI activity in small intestine homogenate at pH 5.2. THBI activity was demonstrable in all particulate fractions (especially mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum) of small intestine homogenate; cytosol contained little or no THBI activity. THBI activity changed little after treatment of small intestine homogenate with trypsin or protease inhibitors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Room temperature magnetic stabilization of buried cobalt nanoclusters within a ferromagnetic matrix studied by soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (2008)

Single dusting layers of size-selected Co nanoclusters (NCs) of sizes ranging from 1.5–5.5 nm have been deposited by a gas-phase aggregation method in ultrahigh vacuum, and embedded within a NiFe matrix. Magnetic hysteresis loops have been obtained using soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, which shows that these Co NCs embedded in NiFe exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism with identical coercivity to the surrounding NiFe film. The strong local exchange field at the interface between NiFe and Co NCs, combined with the magnetic anisotropy of the NiFe film, allows stabilization of NC ferromagnetism which persists to room temperature.
Multi-organ damage in exertional heat stroke. (1989)

Exertion-induced heat stroke is a relatively rare disorder in the moderate maritime climate of The Netherlands. Serious complications of excessive physical activity rarely occur. We describe a marathon runner with multi-organ failure after exertion-induced heat stroke. The patient developed shock, diarrhoea, coma, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, liver cell damage and disseminated intravascular coagulation but recovered completely.
A low leakage 10 000-V silicon photoconductive switch (1984)

Under high bias voltage, the leakage current through a silicon photoconductive switch is mainly caused by carrier injection at the metallic contacts. A low leakage, high voltage silicon photoconductive switch is fabricated by the introduction of carrier trap centers between the silicon substrate and metallic contacts. We report 2.5-mm gap photoconductive switches with leakage currents of less than 50 mA at a pulse bias of 10 kV for 600 ns, and an ‘‘on’’ resistance of less than 1.3 Ω, when illustrated by a 1-ns, 1000-μJ pulse of 1.05-μm radiation.
Applying system dynamics approach to the supply chain management problem (2002)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2002.