gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Homogeneous Noncompetitive Immunoassay for the Detection of Small Haptens (2002)

We describe a noncompetitive homogeneous immunoassay for small haptens based on the antigen-dependent reassociation of antibody variable domains and beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) complementation (open sandwich enzymatic complementation immunoassay). As a model system, the reassociation of two fusion proteins, an anti 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP) antibody heavy-chain variable-region fragment fused to an N-terminal deletion mutant of beta-gal (V(H)delta alpha) and the light-chain variable-region fragment fused to a C-terminal deletion mutant of beta-gal (V(L)delta omega), was monitored by the enzymatic complementation between the two. Upon simple mixing of the reagents with the sample, an antigen (NP)-dependent increase in enzymatic activity was observed. When 5-iodo-NP was measured, a 10 times higher sensitivity was observed, probably due to its higher affinity. Compared with our corresponding heterogeneous open sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, approximately 1000-fold improvement in the sensitivity was attained, probably due to lower background V(H)-V(L) association. In addition, the assay required less time, handling, sample volume, and assay reagents.
Self‐Moisturizing Smart Contact Lens Employing Electroosmosis (2019)

Abstract Contact lenses (CLs) can be a cause of “dry eye syndrome” that can lead to corneal wounds and inflammation as well as a feeling of discomfort. To prevent the dry eye, it is important to keep the lens moist and maintain tears between the CL and the ocular surface. Here, the use of electroosmotic flow (EOF) in a CL is reported as a novel mechanism for antidehydration. A CL made from a charged hydrogel has served as the fluid conduit for EOF generation. The charge density of the gel is optimized by varying the composition ratio of anionic monomer having carboxyl group, by taking into account the efficiency of EOF generation and the mechanical strength of the hydrogels. By in situ monitoring of conductance and by microscope observations, it is successfully demonstrated that the upward EOF within CL is effective to maintain a moist lens. Biocompatible batteries (Mg/O 2 battery and fructose/O 2 enzymatic battery) are mounted on the CL to demonstrate the feasibility of a smart CL with a built‐in power source for EOF‐based self‐moisturization.
Chronic Abuse of Zolpidem (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The imidazopyridine zolpidem has only recently been marketed as a rapid-onset, short-acting hypnotic. It has been assumed that zolpidem has a lower potential for abuse than benzodiazepines because of its unpleasant adverse effects at higher doses. However, in baboons the drug had a higher reinforcing efficacy than any benzodiazepine tested and self-injection rates were similar to those maintained by pentobarbital or secobarbital.<sup>1</sup> A 33-year-old man with known major depression since the age of 26 years was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of an unprovoked generalized tonic-clonic seizure that occurred 14 hours after the reported ingestion of 60 to 80 mg of zolpidem. The seizure was self-limited. Anterograde amnesia was present and memory returned to normal only after 4 to 5 days. An electroencephalogram showed increased photoreactivity 7 days after the acute event; another 8 days later a 24-hour recording, which included photosensitivity testing, was completely
[?쇰Ц] 珥덉쓬???꾪뙆?띾룄踰뺤쓣 ?댁슜??紐⑹“ 臾명솕?좎궛 ?곌컻誘??쇳빐???뺣웾 ?됯? (2015)

Quantitative analysis of termites damage is important in terms of conservation and maintenance of wooden cultural heritage buildings, because termites makes cavities and decreases the section area of wooden structural members. The purpose of this study is to forecast the range and spread of termites damage in the wooden structural members by using ultrasonic pulse velocity method. Ultrasonic pulse velocity has been used as one of non-destructive test to analysis the internal defect by using difference velocity between medium material and cavity. This method would be effective to analysis termites damages. From the result of the ultrasonic velocity test, the loss rate of area effected by termites damage had a strong correlation with ultrasonic velocity. And it is possible to predict the loss rate of area from by termites damage by using regression equation in the case of structural member of fine tree.
A topological approach to detect conflicts in firewall policies (2009)

Packet filtering provides initial layer of security based upon set of ordered filters called firewall policies. It examines the network packets and decides whether to accept or deny them. But when a packet matches two or more filters conflicts arise. Due to the conflicts, some filters are never executed and some filters are occasionally executed. It may results into unintended traffic and it is a tedious job for administrator to detect conflicts. Detection of conflicts through geometrical approach provides a systematic and powerful error classification, but as the filters and key fields of header increase, it demands high memory and computation time. To solve this problem, we propose a topological approach called BISCAL (Bit-vector based spatial calculus) to detect the conflicts in the firewall policies. As because of our approach preserves only the topology of the filters, it can reduce memory usage and computation time to a great extend.
Interactions between mucopolysaccharides and cationic polypeptides in aqueous solution: Chondroitin 4‐sulfate and dermatan sulfate (1973)

Abstract Circular dichroism spectroscopy has been used to study the interactions of both dermatan sulfate and chondroitin 4‐sulfate with the cationic polypeptides; poly( L ‐arginine), poly( L ‐lysine), and poly( L ‐ornithine). The results indicate that the mucopolysaccharides have a conformation directing effect on both poly( L ‐arginine) and poly‐( L ‐lysine) such that these polypeptides adopt the α‐helical conformation. The extent of interaction in each polypeptide‐polysaccharide system can be judged by the degree of induced helicity and the “melting temperature” at which the interaction is disrupted On comparison of these results with those previously obtained for chondroitin 6‐sulfate‐polypeptide mixtures, the extent of interaction can be seen to depend on the length of the amino acid side chain and the positions of the anionic groups on the mucopolysaccharide chain. Such considerations place the three mucopolysaccharides in order of increasing interaction: chondroitin 4‐sulfate < chondroitin 6‐sulfate < dermatan sulfate. These results are correlated with observations that dermatan sulfate is bound more tightly to collagen in connective tissues than are the other two polysaccharides.
Tracking Students' Understanding of the Particle Nature of Matter. (2010)

One reason students find it difficult to learn the particle model of matter is that traditional curriculum materials present concepts to students without helping them to develop these ideas. The How can I smell things from a distance? sixth grade chemistry unit takes the approach of building students’ ideas through their construction and revision of models. Progress variables have been proposed as a means to address the need for curriculum and assessments that can help teachers’ improve their practice as well as to inform both students and teachers about students’ performance. Progress variables depict students’ increasingly sophisticated conceptions of a specific construct during instruction. This study provides evidence that curriculum and assessment based on modern learning theories, can lead to the development of progress variables that are able to track middle school students’ understanding of the particle nature of matter over time. This study used a progress variable to track student understanding of the particle nature of matter during the sixth grade chemistry unit. I describe the assessment system used to develop the progress variable for tracking students’ development of particle model of matter during the sixth grade chemistry unit. A calibration study determined that the chemistry unit’s assessments were reliable and valid measures of the particle model of matter progress variable. Further analysis revealed that the progress variable had to be modified such that the levels were more distinct. The modified progress variable was empirically validated so that it could be used to track students’ understanding during instruction. Results indicate that a validated progress variable, linked to coherent curriculum and assessments can provide valid interpretations of students’ knowledge of particular domain during instruction and that this progress variable is valid for students from varying populations and backgrounds. In addition, well-aligned curriculum and assessment can provide insight into instructional sequencing that help students in developing a particle model of matter. Results also indicate that students are able to reach a completely particle view of matter. These results hold implications for curriculum development as well as for understanding the ways in which students develop a particle view of matter.
Evaluation of Megasonic Cleaning for Sub-90nm Technologies (2005)

Cleaning of nanoparticles (< 50nm ) is becoming a major challenge in semiconductor manufacturing and the future use of traditional methods, such as megasonic cleaning, is questioned. In this paper the capability of megasonic cleaning to remove nanoparticles without inflicting damage to fragile structures is investigated. The role of dissolved gas in cleaning efficiency indicates that cavitation is the main cleaning mechanism. Consequently gas mass-balance analyses are needed to optimize the performance of cleaning tools. When gas is dissolved in the cleaning present tools can remove nanoparticles down to about 30 nm using dilute chemistries at low temperature. Ultimate performance is limited by cleaning uniformity, which depends on tool design and operation. However no tool reached the target of high particle removal efficiency andlow damage. Significantly lower damage could only be obtained by decreasing the power, at the cost of a lower cleaning efficiency for nanoparticles. The development of damage-free megasonic is discussed.
MICA: A MID Compiler in Java (1997)

Management Information Bases (MIBs) define the attributes of objects managed by the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). An SNMP application uses the information in one or more MIBs to learn the attributes of the objects supported by the managed devices in a network. MIBs in source form are not directly usable; they must first be compiled into a format acceptable to the SNMP application. Java's built-in network facilities make it an ideal language for writing SNMP applications, so the need arises for a Java-based MIB compiler. The MICA project is the design and implementation a Java class library that treats a MIB as an abstract data type (ADT). Java-based SNMP applications use this ADT to compile MIBs and extract their information.
Introduction (1996)

The centennial of Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko in 1995 occasioned a flurry of books and articles, and at least one large international symposium, about him. Both the present issue of Russian Studies in Literature and the spring 1997 issue will be devoted to the fruits of these efforts. The spring issue will also contain a detailed chronology of Zoshchenko's life.
Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (1981)

One hundred patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix were evaluated. Of the 48 Stage I patients, 13 were treated with radical surgery, 16 with radiation alone, and 19 with combination therapy. Life table analysis of Stage I patients showed no significant difference in survival for those treated with radical surgery or combination therapy. Both groups had a greater five-year survival (P< 0.05) than those treated with radiation. Recurrences in Stage I were more frequent with primary radiation alone, both locally and at distant sites (P< 0.01). Greater tumor size was related to poorer survival, and failures in patients with larger lesions were more common in those treated with radiation therapy. Survival for the 32 Stage II patients was greater for those treated with combination therapy. Higher tumor grade was associated with poorer survival for each stage, regardless of treatment. More complications were associated with radiation therapy than with radical surgery. Radiation therapy alone is not sufficient for patients with Stage I and II disease, and radical surgery may be appropriate treatment for Stage I disease.
Electrochemical synthesis of methyl sulfoxides from thiophenols/thiols and dimethyl sulfoxide (2018)

A new route for a one-pot synthesis of methyl sulfoxides from thiophenols/thiols and dimethyl sulfoxide using an electrochemical technique was developed.
Binary and multilevel diffractive lenses with submicrometer feature sizes (1994)

Binary and multilevel diffractive lenses with submicrometer feature sizes are realized on silicon and galliumphosphide wafers using CAD methods, direct write e-beam lithography, reactive ion etching, antireflection coating, and wafer dicing. Measurements prove aberration-free imaging and maximum diftraction efficiencies of 70% for lenses with high numerical aperture (NA) of 0.5. Comparisons to other miniature and micro-optical elements are carried out with respect to laser-to-single-mode-fiber coupling and show the competitive performance of the diffractive lenses. Arrays for 18-channel parallel receiver modules are fabricated in on-axis and off-axis versions. Optical crosstalk is estimated.
Innovation Leads to World's Largest Casual Dining Company (1997)

The chairman and CEO of Darden Restaurants, Inc. discusses the growth and success of the Red Lobster chain and the founding of the Olive Garden
Pyrosequencing for Rapid Detection of Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Clinical Isolates and Clinical Specimens (2013)

Treating extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is a serious challenge. Culture-based drug susceptibility testing (DST) may take 4 weeks or longer from specimen collection to the availability of results. We developed a pyrosequencing (PSQ) assay including eight subassays for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and concurrent detection of mutations associated with resistance to drugs defining XDR TB. The entire procedure, from DNA extraction to the availability of results, was accomplished within 6 h. The assay was validated for testing clinical isolates and clinical specimens, which improves the turnaround time for molecular DST and maximizes the benefit of using molecular testing. A total of 130 clinical isolates and 129 clinical specimens were studied. The correlations between the PSQ results and the phenotypic DST results were 94.3% for isoniazid, 98.7% for rifampin, 97.6% for quinolones (ofloxacin, levofloxacin, or moxifloxacin), 99.2% for amikacin, 99.2% for capreomycin, and 96.4% for kanamycin. For testing clinical specimens, the PSQ assay yielded a 98.4% sensitivity for detecting MTBC and a 95.8% sensitivity for generating complete sequencing results from all subassays. The PSQ assay was able to rapidly and accurately detect drug resistance mutations with the sequence information provided, which allows further study of the association of drug resistance or susceptibility with each mutation and the accumulation of such knowledge for future interpretation of results. Thus, reporting of false resistance for mutations known not to confer resistance can be prevented, which is a significant benefit of the assay over existing molecular diagnostic methods endorsed by the World Health Organization.
Invasive Infection with Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Report of Three Cases and Review (1990)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's or baker's yeast) is a common colonizer of human mucosal surfaces, but its role as a clinically important pathogen has been unclear. We report three cases of life-threatening invasive infection with S. cerevisiae resulting in pneumonia, liver abscess and sepsis, and disseminated infection with cardiac tamponade, respectively. A review of the English-language literature reveals 14 other cases of saccharomyces infection in humans. Severe immunosuppression, prolonged hospitalization, prior antibiotic therapy, and/or prosthetic cardiac valves are the settings where saccharomyces infection has been observed. Because Saccharomyces can be a common saprophytic contaminant, biopsy and pathologic confirmation of infection are often necessary for a definitive diagnosis. Amphotericin B is the treatment of choice for serious infections with this organism.
Advanced Thermal Management Solutions on PCBs for High Power Applications (2014)

With increasing power loss of electrical components, thermal performance of an assembled device becomes one of the most important quality factors in electronic packaging. Due to rapid advances in semiconductor technology, particularly in the field of high-power components, the temperature distribution inside of a component is a critical parameter of long-term reliability and must be carefully considered during the design phase. Two main drivers in the electronics industry are miniaturization and reliability. Whereas there is a continuous improvement concerning miniaturization of conductor tracks (i.e., lines and spaces have been reduced continuously over the past years), miniaturization of the circuit carrier itself, however, has mostly been limited to decreased layer counts and base material thickness. This can lead to significant component temperature increase and thence to accelerated system degradation. Enhancement of the system reliability is directly connected to an efficient thermal management on the PCB level. There are several approaches that can be used to address this issue: optimization of the board design, use of base materials with advanced thermal performance, and use of innovative buildup concepts. The paper provides a short overview about standard thermal solutions such as thick copper, thermal vias, plugged vias, or metal core based PCBs. Furthermore, attention will be focused on the development of copper filled thermal vias in thin board construction. In another approach, advanced thermal management solutions are presented at the board level, exploring different buildup concepts (e.g., cavities). Advantages of cavity solutions in the board are shown that not only decrease the thermal path leading from the high power component through the board to the heat sink, but also have an impact concerning the mechanical miniaturization of the entire system (reduction of z axis). Such buildups serve as a favorable packaging solution with promising thermal performance. Moreover, using thermal simulations different setups are compared and a deeper insight into the thermally relevant geometry and material parameters is provided, allowing production efforts to be reduced and to offering optimized designs and board buildups.
Activity on the Central Nervous System of<i>Himanthalia elongata</i> (1993)

We report the effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and on analgesic activity of a fraction (F2) obtained from a Himanthalia elongata extract. The fraction was assayed for effects on spontaneous locomotor activity, d-amphetamine-induced hypermotility, motor coordination, muscular relaxation, rectal temperature, sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions. Analgesic activity was evaluated using the hot plate test and the Randall-Selitto test (1). The fraction caused significant reductions in spontaneous locomotor activity, hypermotility, rectal temperature, and motor coordination and postponed pentylenetetrazole-induced death, but no effect was noted on muscle relaxation or the duration of sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep. The fraction exhibited central analgesic effects in the hot plate and Randall-Selitto tests.
Properties of the gold oxides<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Au</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Au</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>: First-principles investigation (2007)

Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to investigate the atomic and electronic structure and stability of the gold oxides ${\mathrm{Au}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{Au}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$. We find that ${\mathrm{Au}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is a semiconductor and is more stable than ${\mathrm{Au}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, which is an endothermic system, and only metastable. The higher stability of ${\mathrm{Au}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is attributed to a greater hybridization of $\mathrm{Au}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}5d$ and $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2p$ states throughout the valence-band region as compared to ${\mathrm{Au}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$. The highest energy, oxygen related normal vibrational mode is slightly higher in ${\mathrm{Au}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ as compared to ${\mathrm{Au}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$. ${\mathrm{Au}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ is predicted by DFT-GGA to be metallic; calculations performed, however, using the screened-exchange local-density approximation find that it has a band gap of $0.83\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$; thus, it is a direct narrow-band-gap semiconductor.
1.3 µm buried heterojunction laser diodes under high electrical stress: Leakage currents and aging behavior (1985)

Investigations on 1.3 μm DCPBH laser diodes under high electrical stress are reported. Leakage currents are identified by electro-and photoluminescence. Experiments on laser diodes with additional collector contacts to the n-InP floating layer show that blocking layer leakage is strongly enhanced by transistor action. The observed aging behavior is described. Excellent stability is observed for our diodes, more so after stress testing. It is found that stress test aging of diodes from moderate quality wafers, which typically still strongly levels off in time, is not caused by an increase in leakage current via the blocking layers, but by an increased leakage in and/or around the mesa. Though transistor action has a strong influence on device performance at high currents, thyristor breakover is shown to be absent in DCPBH-diodes: primarily due to lateral conduction in the blocking layers. Experimentally, thyristor breakover could be obtained by restricting the lateral conduction to about the channel width or less.
Synthesis and characterization of a new double perovskite: LaCaMnCoO<sub>6</sub> (1988)

A technique based on the formation of metallic complexes has been developed to synthesize a new mixed oxide of the perovskite structural type. Electron diffraction and microscopy of LaCaMnCoO6 shows this phase to be cubic with a cell parameter a= 7.666(1)Å, double that of a perovskite basic cell. The results are discussed in terms of ordering of both A and B sublattices of the perovskite structure.