gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FimH Forms Catch Bonds That Are Enhanced by Mechanical Force Due to Allosteric Regulation (2008)

The bacterial adhesive protein, FimH, is the most common adhesin of Escherichia coli and mediates weak adhesion at low flow but strong adhesion at high flow. There is evidence that this occurs because FimH forms catch bonds, defined as bonds that are strengthened by tensile mechanical force. Here, we applied force to single isolated FimH bonds with an atomic force microscope in order to test this directly. If force was loaded slowly, most of the bonds broke up at low force (<60 piconewtons of rupture force). However, when force was loaded rapidly, all bonds survived until much higher force (140-180 piconewtons of rupture force), behavior that indicates a catch bond. Structural mutations or pretreatment with a monoclonal antibody, both of which allosterically stabilize a high affinity conformation of FimH, cause all bonds to survive until high forces regardless of the rate at which force is applied. Pretreatment of FimH bonds with intermediate force has the same strengthening effect on the bonds. This demonstrates that FimH forms catch bonds and that tensile force induces an allosteric switch to the high affinity, strong binding conformation of the adhesin. The catch bond behavior of FimH, the amount of force needed to regulate FimH, and the allosteric mechanism all provide insight into how bacteria bind and form biofilms in fluid flow. Additionally, these observations may provide a means for designing antiadhesive mechanisms.
Reconfigurable energy efficient near threshold cache architectures (2008)

Battery life is an important concern for modern embedded processors. Supply voltage scaling techniques can provide an order of magnitude reduction in energy. Current commercial memory technologies have been limited in the degree of supply voltage scaling that can be performed if they are to meet yield and reliability constraints. This has limited designers from exploring the near threshold operating regions for embedded processors. Summarizing prior work we show how proper sizing of memory cells can guarantee that the memory cell reliability in the near threshold supply voltage region matches that of a standard memory cell. However, this robustness comes with a significant area cost. We show how to employ these cells to build cache architectures that greatly reduce energy consumption. We propose an embedded processor based on these new cache architectures that operates in a low power mode, with minimal impact on full performance runtime. The proposed cache uses near threshold tolerant cache ways to reduce access energy combined with traditional cache ways to maintain performance. The access policy of the cache ways is then dynamically reconfigured to obtain energy efficient performance while minimally impacting the high performance mode runtime. Using near threshold cache architectures we show an energy reduction of 53% over a traditional filter cache. For the MIBench embedded benchmarks we show on average an 86% (7.3times) reduction in energy while in low power (10 MHz) mode with only an average 2% increase in runtime in high performance (400 MHz) mode. And for SpecInt applications we show a 77% (4.4times) reduction in energy in low power mode with only an average 4.8% increase in runtime for high performance mode. In addition we show that these trends hold from 130 nm to 45 nm technology nodes.
Rapid biochemical tests for the identification of groups A, B, C, F, and G streptococci from throat cultures (1983)

A test employing three fluorogenic 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates and the lectin of Dolichos biflorus was developed for the identification of beta-hemolytic streptococcal colonies associated with throat cultures. This non-serological method is unique in that it permits the accurate identification of groups C, F, and G streptococci, as well as groups A and B streptococci. The method is rapid, simple, and specific and appears to be a useful means to identify groups A, B, C, F, and G streptococci.
Interpretation of Pressure-Buildup Responses in Gas-Condensate Wells (1989)

Summary Methods to analyze buildup responses in gas-condensate reservoirs producing below the dewpoint pressure are examined. Two analogs to compute formation flow capacity and average reservoir pressure are presented. These analogs are based on the steady-state theory (developed by O'Dell and Miller and later modified by Fussell) and the single-phase-flow theory (which ignores the existence of the two phases). The mechanical skin factor can be computed from the derivative response by computing the appropriate dimensionless pseudopressure.
Principles and Applications of Static, Thyristor-Controlled Shunt Compensators (1978)

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of thyristor-controlled shunt compensators used in industrial and utility systems for dynamic power factor correction and terminal voltage stabilization. These thyristor-controlled shunt compensators function as variable reactances operated in both the inductive and capacitive domains.
Liberal relevance criteria of TREC - (2002)

Most test collections (like TREC and CLEF) for experimental research in information retrieval apply binary relevance assessments. This paper introduces a four-point relevance scale and reports the findings of a project in which TREC-7 and TREC-8 document pools on 38 topics were reassessed. The goal of the reassessment was to build a subcollection of TREC for experiments on highly relevant documents and to learn about the assessment process as well as the characteristics of a multigraded relevance corpus.Relevance criteria were defined so that a distinction was made between documents rich in topical information (relevant and highly relevant documents) and poor in topical information (marginally relevant documents). It turned out that about 50% of documents assessed as relevant were regarded as marginal. The characteristics of the relevance corpus and lessons learned from the reassessment project are discussed. The need to develop more elaborated relevance assessment schemes is emphasized.
Novel formulation of a methotrexate derivative with a lipid nanoemulsion (2011)

LDE-ddMTX was stable, and uptake of the formulation by neoplastic cells was remarkably greater than of methotrexate, which resulted in markedly greater cytotoxicity. LDE-ddMTX is thus a promising formulation to be tested in future animal models of cancer or rheumatic disease, wherein methotrexate is widely used.
Comparison of the Effects of Nicardipine and Sodium Nitroprusside for Control of Increased Blood Pressure after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (2004)

We compared the haemodynamic effects of nicardipine and sodium nitroprusside after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. When post-surgery systolic blood pressure reached > 150 mmHg, patients were randomly given nicardipine (N group, n = 26) or sodium nitroprusside (S group, n = 21). The drugs were infused at a rate of 2 microg/kg per min for 10 min. If the target blood pressure (120-140 mmHg) was not achieved, the infusion rate was increased by 1 microg/kg per min every 10 min. Cardiac and stroke volume indices had increased significantly in the N group after 10 min and in both groups after 60 min. The infusion duration and total dose of drug were significantly lower in the N group compared with the S group. Nicardipine infusion controlled post-operative hypertension more rapidly and was superior to sodium nitroprusside in maintaining left ventricular performance immediately after drug infusion.
Spatial inhomogeneities in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells analyzed by an electron beam induced voltage technique (2006)

Spatial variations of the local open circuit voltage in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells are analyzed by an electron beam induced voltage (EBIV) technique. The major pattern visualized by our EBIV measurements are spatial inhomogeneities on a length scale of between 5 and 20μm. Quantitative evaluation of the EBIV signals shows that the loss of open circuit voltage due to the inhomogeneities is about 100mV. Additional analysis of our samples by energy dispersive x-ray analysis excludes fluctuations of the Ga or Cu content as the source of the inhomogeneities. Instead, the spatial inhomogeneous supply of Na from the glass substrate turns out as a possible origin of inhomogeneities. Spatially resolved secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements show that the Na content of our Cu(In,Ga)Se2 samples varies between 0.03 and 0.15at.% on a length scale of tens of micrometers.
The ‘new beginning’: The Italian communist party under the leadership of Achille Occhetto (1990)

When Achille Occhetto became general secretary of the PCI in the summer of 1988 he inherited a party that was politically isolated at the national level and declining both electorally and organizationally. Occhetto embarked upon a programme of political, ideological and organizational renewal (the so‐called ‘new course’) which sought to reverse the decline and transform the PCI into a party of government. The upheavals in the communist regimes of Eastern Europe accelerated the process of party reform, culminating in the decision of the nineteenth congress (March 1990) to dissolve the PCI and create a new democratic socialist force.
Capacitance-modulated transistor detects odorant binding protein chiral interactions (2015)

Peripheral events in olfaction involve odorant binding proteins (OBPs) whose role in the recognition of different volatile chemicals is yet unclear. Here we report on the sensitive and quantitative measurement of the weak interactions associated with neutral enantiomers differentially binding to OBPs immobilized through a self-assembled monolayer to the gate of an organic bio-electronic transistor. The transduction is remarkably sensitive as the transistor output current is governed by the small capacitance of the protein layer undergoing minute changes as the ligand-protein complex is formed. Accurate determination of the free-energy balances and of the capacitance changes associated with the binding process allows derivation of the free-energy components as well as of the occurrence of conformational events associated with OBP ligand binding. Capacitance-modulated transistors open a new pathway for the study of ultra-weak molecular interactions in surface-bound protein-ligand complexes through an approach that combines bio-chemical and electronic thermodynamic parameters.
Một số khó khăn trong học tập của trẻ vị thành niên và cách ứng phó của các em đối với những tình huống này (2012)

Để tim hiểu một số kho khan trong học tập của trẻ vị thanh nien va cach ứng pho của cac em đối với tinh huống kho khan nay. Bai viết chia lam 2 phần. Phần một: Một số kho khan trong học tập của trẻ vị thanh nien. Phần hai: Cach ứng pho của trẻ vị thanh nien đối với những kho khan trong học tập.
Major Problems in Clinical Pediatrics, Vol. 7 (1984)

Smith, David W.; Saunders, W. B.; Smith, David W.; Saunders, W. B.; Fisher, Jack C. M.D. Author Information
Determination of the Sampling Factor in a Phase-Diverse Phase Retrieval Algorithm (2010)

The sampling factor (Q) determines the scale relationship between the pupil and image plane. Knowledge of this quantity is essential for obtaining accurate phase retrieval results. We present a method for determining Q from image data.
Inhibitory Effect of Pyridobenzazoles on Virus Replication in Vitro. (1995)

Twelve species of pyridobenzazoles and pyrimidobenzimidazole were examined as inhibitors of the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in HeLa cells. From the pyridobenzazoles studied, 2-benzamido-4-cyano-1-oxo-1H,5H-pyrido[1,2-alpha]benzimidazol emerged as a potent inhibitor of the RSV. Based on its inhibitory effect on the cytopathogenicity of the RSV in HeLa cells, the 50% effective dose was found to be 0.95 micrograms/ml. The cytotoxicity of this compound for HeLa cells was examined by monitoring the incorporation of radiolabeled uridine into cellular RNA. The selectivity index was ca. 30, the same as Virazole.
Antitumor activity of actinonin in vitro and in vivo. (1998)

Actinonin, an antibiotic and CD13/aminopeptidase N (APN) inhibitor, has been shown to be cytotoxic to tumor cell lines in vitro. We investigated the antiproliferative effects of actinonin on human and murine leukemia and lymphoma cells. Actinonin inhibited growth of NB4 and HL60 human cell lines and AKR mouse leukemia cells in vitro with an IC50 of about 2-5 micrograms/ml. The inhibitory effect on CD13-positive cells was not blocked by pretreatment with the anti-CD13/APN monoclonal antibody F23, which binds with high affinity to the active site of CD13/APN and blocks its enzymatic activity. Moreover, F23 alone was not inhibitory to CD13-positive cells. Furthermore, a similar inhibitory IC50 of actinonin was seen in the CD13-negative cell lines RAJI and DAUDI human lymphoma. These data suggest that the inhibitory effect of actinonin is not mediated by inhibition of CD13/APN. Cell cycle analysis showed that actinonin induces a G1 arrest in HL60 and NB4 cells; apoptosis was observed in 20-35% of the cells as measured by intracellular flow cytometry. To assess whether these effects could be seen in vivo, the effect of actinonin on the syngeneic AKR mouse leukemia model was evaluated. Actinonin showed dose-dependent antitumor effects on AKR leukemia in vivo, resulting in a survival advantage. In conclusion, apoptosis, growth inhibition, and therapeutic effects in vivo are induced by actinonin and are not likely to be mediated by CD13/APN.
Purinergic signalling: from discovery to current developments (2013)

This lecture is about the history of the purinergic signalling concept. It begins with reference to the paper by Paton & Vane published in 1963, which identified non-cholinergic relaxation in response to vagal nerve stimulation in several species, although they suggested that it might be due to sympathetic adrenergic nerves in the vagal nerve trunk. Using the sucrose gap technique for simultaneous mechanical and electrical recordings in smooth muscle (developed while in Feldberg's department in the National Institute for Medical Research) of the guinea-pig taenia coli preparation (learned when working in Edith Bülbring's smooth muscle laboratory in Oxford Pharmacology), we showed that the hyperpolarizations recorded in the presence of antagonists to the classical autonomic neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and noradrenaline, were inhibitory junction potentials in response to non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission, mediated by intrinsic enteric nerves controlled by vagal and sacral parasympathetic nerves. We then showed that ATP satisfied the criteria needed to identify a neurotransmitter released by these nerves. Subsequently, it was shown that ATP is a cotransmitter in all nerves in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The receptors for purines and pyrimidines were cloned and characterized in the early 1990 s, and immunostaining showed that most non-neuronal cells as well as nerve cells expressed these receptors. The physiology and pathophysiology of purinergic signalling is discussed.
Arrhythmia and residual shunt in children with ventricular septal defect arising from interventional treatment using homemade vs imported occluder devices (2009)

Objective To investigate the changes and differences of arrhythmia and residual shunt arising from interventional treatment in children with congenital perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PMVSD) using homemade and imported occluder devices. Methods Between January 2003 and June 2008, 396 PMVSD children were successfully treated with occluder devices in our hospital, comprising 186 with imported products and 210 with homemade ones. Close observation on ECG was made during the procedures and was sustained as a routine until 3 to 7 days after treatment, or 1 to 2 weeks if indicated, to identify the changes in each ECG lead. Incidences of arrhythmia and residual shunt in both groups were recorded and clinical outcome of children with severe arrhythmia was evaluated. Results Arrhythmia and residual shunt were observed more in bulging-type than in other types of PMVSD (48.8% vs 29.1%, X~2=5.21, P<0.05; 12.5% vs 0.9%, X~2=23.31, P<0.01), as were more likely to occur after use of imported devices (68.2% vs 28.0%, X~2=14.18, P<0.01; 36.4% vs 1.2%, X~2=40.44, P<0.01). Imported devices resulted in more arrhythmia and residual shunt than did homemade products after treatment of bulging-type PMVSD (68.2% vs 41.4%, X~2=4.60, P<0.01 ; 36.4% vs 3.4%, X~2=15.60, P<0.01), but such an observation was not significant when the both were used for other types of PMVSD. Homemade devices were not found to induce more cases of arrhythmia and residual shunt than other types of PMVSD. The complete or recurrent third-degree atrioventricular block ( Ⅲ°AVB) occurred in 3 cases of each group using homemade or imported devices. Among them, one was with usual PMVSD and the other 5 were with bulging- type PMVSD. Conclusions While arrhythmia and residual shunt can be observed with treatment of PMVSD using either homemade or imported occluder devices, homemade products may result in lower incidence in bulging-type VSD than do imported devices. Close monitoring of ECG during and after treatment should be mandatory.

Key words: 
Heart septal defects; ventricular; Interventional treatment; Electrocardiogram; Arrhythmia; Residual shunt
Apple Poems (1976)

Apple Poems I I went to buy apples at Hurricane Gap, I went for apples to sell and to barter, And O the high hills friendly to orchards, And O the fair trees sagging with riches, With Stayman and Winesap, Red Spy and Grimes Golden; I looked and I wondered and I stood beholden. That trip I hauled home two hundred bushels Of melt-in-your-mouth, of swallow-your-tongue— Two hundred bushels of tooth-ticklers and grin-busters, Two hundred measures of World Wonders and Sweet Rüsters, And O the trip was a sight to the world, The journey a worldly wonder. II Now that they've set a standard for the apple By choosing its forebears and placing it on a diet And mellowing its shoulders red, yellow, or green According to chemi-fancy and current market fiat, And brought it to a norm in taste and dapple, It's hard to find a fruit that's individual. I praise the factory tree, the thirty-peck supremacy Over the ten-peck tree; I hail the standardization Of fruit as rounding as doorknobs, as waxy as wax (The eating's the thing, not the explanation); I acknowledge debt to the society of apples and facts, To men and grafts that made the tree a hummer, To pomological genius for developing a steady comer. My old-time trees are doubtful from season to season. Though usually they bear in vagrant wild-sweet unreason, My apples are those to eat for a taste of summer. —James Still I, copyright, New York Times, 1958. II, copyright, Atlantic Monthly, 1947. Reprinted by permission of the publishers. ...
Operating System Support for Procedural Abstraction in Embedded Systems (2006)

Procedural abstraction reduces code size by replacing repeated code fragments with call instructions to a subroutine that executes the repeated fragment. However, in order to build a subroutine, extra instructions are necessary to support the procedural call mechanism. In this paper, we present an operating system level technique which improves the space efficiency of a procedural abstraction-based code compaction technique. The call-related extra instructions are not used in the proposed technique because operating system routines implicitly supports the procedure call and return. The proposed technique consists of three execution modes including one applicable to ROM-based systems. The experimental results show the proposed technique reduces the code size significantly while increasing the execution time slightly
Quantitative Gene Expression Profiles in Real Time From Expressed Sequence Tag Databases (2010)

An accumulation of expressed sequence tag (EST) data in the public domain and the availability of bioinformatic programs have made EST gene expression profiling a common practice. However, the utility and validity of using EST databases (e.g., dbEST) has been criticized, particularly for quantitative assessment of gene expression. Problems with EST sequencing errors, library construction, EST annotation, and multiple paralogs make generation of specific and sensitive qualitative arid quantitative expression profiles a concern. In addition, most EST-derived expression data exists in previously assembled databases. The Virtual Northern Blot (VNB) (http: //tlab.bu.edu/vnb.html) allows generation, evaluation, and optimization of expression profiles in real time, which is especially important for alternatively spliced, novel, or poorly characterized genes. Representative gene families with variable nucleotide sequence identity, tissue specificity, and levels of expression (bcl-xl, aldoA, and cyp2d9) are used to assess the quality of VNB's output. The profiles generated by VNB are more sensitive and specific than those constructed with ESTs listed in preindexed databases at UCSC and NCBI. Moreover, quantitative expression profiles produced by VNB are comparable to quantization obtained from Northern blots and qPCR. The VNB pipeline generates real-time gene expression profiles for single-gene queries that are both qualitatively and quantitatively reliable.
Persistent languages facilitate the implementation of software version management (2003)

The use of persistent programming languages to construct tools for maintaining the complex modular structure of large-scale application programs transforms the problem into a database maintenance problem. The application construction environment can be considered to be a database of software libraries, and standard database techniques can be used to handle the modules. The persistent language PS-Algol provides a good basis for manipulating such libraries, as it has the appropriate graphics facilities, first-class procedures, delayed binding, delayed type-checking, strong type-checking and a compiler callable at run-time. It is shown how these features help by concentrating on two issues: module version management and the control over the binding together of two modules. Some simple facilities for managing a software database are outlined, and implementation techniques equally applicable to more sophisticated systems are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Philosopher-Critic (1969)

Merle Brown, The Philosopher-Critic, The Bulletin of the Midwest Modern Language Association, Vol. 2, Papers of the Midwest Modern Language Association, Number 1. Poetic Theory/Poetic Practice (1969), pp. 8-15
Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring (2020)

Current BP measurements are on the basis of traditional BP cuff approaches. Ambulatory BP monitoring, at 15- to 30-minute intervals usually over 24 hours, provides sufficiently continuous readings that are superior to the office-based snapshot, but this system is not suitable for frequent repeated use. A true continuous BP measurement that could collect BP passively and frequently would require a cuffless method that could be worn by the patient, with the data stored electronically much the same way that heart rate and heart rhythm are already done routinely. Ideally, BP should be measured continuously and frequently during diverse activities during both daytime and nighttime in the same subject by means of novel devices. There is increasing excitement for newer methods to measure BP on the basis of sensors and algorithm development. As new devices are refined and their accuracy is improved, it will be possible to better assess masked hypertension, nocturnal hypertension, and the severity and variability of BP. In this review, we discuss the progression in the field, particularly in the last 5 years, ending with sensor-based approaches that incorporate machine learning algorithms to personalized medicine.