gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Recombinant Human Serum Albumin With Plasma‐derived Human Serum Albumin in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis (2008)

We conducted an open-label, parallel-group study of the high purity, mass-produced recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA), derived from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, to compare pharmacokinetics and ensure bioequivalence with plasma-derived human serum albumin (pHSA) in 22 patients with liver cirrhosis. Both rHSA and pHSA groups enrolled 11 patients each, assigned according to predose serum albumin concentrations using the minimization method. Pharmacokinetic and safety profiles for 3-day repeated intravenous infusions at a daily dose of 25 g were evaluated for 8 days. Geometric mean AUC(0-168hr) (g.hr/dL) was 637.12 and 635.93 in the rHSA and pHSA groups, respectively, with a 90% confidence interval (CI) for the difference (92.9%-108.1%) lying within the bioequivalence range. The other major parameter, geometric mean C(max) (g/dL), was 4.16 and 4.19 in the rHSA and pHSA groups, respectively, with a 90% CI for the difference (92.7%-106.4%). The pHSA group presented with 3 adverse events: 1 case of insomnia, and 2 laboratory abnormalities with no serious adverse events. Results from this study show similar pharmacokinetic profiles following intravenous administration of 25g/day of rHSA and pHSA for 3 days, indicating bioequivalence.
Application of heat treat simulation in continuous improvement of product reliability (2000)

A heat treat simulation package called QSIM (Quench SIMulation), has been developed at Caterpillar for predicting microstructure evolution during heat treatment of steel and resultant hardness, distortion and residual stress. QSIM is used to model production problems in direct hardening and carburizing and hardening. The package accurately predicts temperatures, microstructure, distortions, and residual stress of steel components. QSIM is used at Caterpillar as an important tool for providing superior product quality. This paper briefly describes methodology used in QSIM. Then, the paper focuses on three case applications of QSIM to production problems. The first case deals with distortion problem of a large steel hub quenched in a die fixture. The second example illustrates how heat treat simulation is used to optimize residual stress pattern in a carburized and hardened ring gear. In the last case heat treat simulation was used to prevent tip flaking in a gear.
Intelligent differential pressure transmitter using micro-resonators (2003)

The authors describe a resonant Si pressure sensor fabricated using three-dimensional micromachining techniques, and an intelligent differential pressure transmitter incorporating this sensor. Using resonant pressure sensors fabricated from single-crystal Si is shown to result in excellent uniformity, repeatability, resolution, and stability; the effect of environmental temperature and pressure changes is one tenth that of conventional units. The authors describe the principles and fabrication of the Si resonant sensors, and the principles and characteristics of the intelligent differential pressure transmitters which use them.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermodynamics of the quenching of tyrosyl fluorescence by dithiothreitol (1987)

Tyrosyl fluorescence quenching by oxidized dithiothreitol (DTTo) in N-acetyl-L-tyrosine N'-methylamide, and native bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A and its reduced, S-methylated form, in aqueous solution is studied at pH 3.0. From the temperature dependence of the fluorescence quenching, it is demonstrated that the mechanism of the quenching process is probably static (formation of a complex), and not dynamic (collisional), in origin. Although other quenching mechanisms cannot be ruled out, our proposition that the quenching of tyrosyl fluorescence in these molecules is due to the formation of a complex between the tyrosyl moieties and DTTo is consistent with previously reported evidence indicating a strong tendency for aromatics to complex with various disulfide-containing compounds. The strength of binding is approximately the same for these three tyrosine-containing compounds, indicating that the microenvironments of their tyrosyl residues may be similar. With 1 M as the reference standard state, the following average thermodynamic parameters are established for the complexation (at 298 K): delta G0 = -3.32 kcal/mol, delta H0 = -1.1 kcal/mol, and delta S0 = 7.4 eu. The large positive value of delta S0 suggests that hydrophobic interactions may play an important role in the stabilization of such tyrosyl-disulfide complexes; the negative value of delta H0 suggests that polar interactions may also contribute to the formation of these complexes. Some possible implications with regard to protein-folding studies are discussed.
Reaction of superoxide with alkyl halides and tosylates (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of superoxide with alkyl halides and tosylatesJoseph San Filippo Jr., Chuen-Ing Chern, and Joan S. ValentineCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 11, 1678–1680Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00899a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00899a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views644Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calcitriol: the major humoral mediator of hypercalcemia in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (1993)

Common tumor types Hodgkin's disease, NHL Epidermoid, renal cell, breast Lung, breast, myeloma Sites of tumor Variable, often advanced stage Localized, some metastatic Always metastatic
CodY-Dependent Regulation of Sporulation in Clostridium difficile (2016)

This study sought to examine the relationship between nutrition and sporulation in C. difficile by examining the global nutritional regulator CodY. CodY is a known virulence and nutritional regulator of C. difficile, but its role in sporulation was unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CodY is a negative regulator of sporulation in two different ribotypes of C. difficile We also demonstrate that CodY regulates known effectors of sporulation, Opp and SinR. These results support the idea that nutrient limitation is a trigger for sporulation in C. difficile and that the response to nutrient limitation is coordinated by CodY. Additionally, we demonstrate that CodY has an altered role in sporulation regulation for some strains.
Adaptive lapped transform-based image coding (1997)

A structure is presented for implementing perfectly reconstructing time-varying linear-phase paraunitary filterbanks (LPPUFB) using a novel adaptive lapped transform (ALT). The ALT is based on the generalized lapped orthogonal transform (GenLOT). A time-varying filterbank is constructed through the factorization of the GenLOT into cascaded matrix stages. Variable-length lapped transforms are subsequently generated by cascading a number of these matrix stages to build filters of specific length. An embedded ALT image codec is presented.
Through the frame & beyond the gaze (2002)

In 'Fiction in the Age of Photography' Nancy Armstrong examines the impact of photography on the way in which the nineteenth century novelists represented society. In particular she asks 'But what do we make of the fact that the novel's turn to pictorialism coincided with the sudden ubiquity of photographic images in the culture at large? Why did pictures begin to speak louder than words?
Feasability of Preventing Encrustation of Urinary Catheters (1995)

Colonization of urinary catheters by bacteria which produce urease leads to an increase in urine pH, followed by deposition of the minerals struvite and hydroxyapatite. Adhesion of these encrusting deposits can be reduced, but not prevented, by using catheters with a smooth surface finish. Chemical methods for preventing encrustation are not completely satisfactory. A better way of preventing encrustation would be to prevent colonization of the catheter by bacteria. This might be achieved by controlled release of antimicrobial agents directly into the urine from the catheter itself. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of controlled release from solid silicone. However, a simpler approach is diffusion of an antimicrobial agent from a solution within the retention balloon of the catheter. Further experiments are required to determine the concentrations required and whether they are achievable in practice.
Nucleophosmin, HDM2 and p53: Players in UV Damage Incited Nucleolar Stress Response (2004)

p53 tumor suppressor protein acts as a critical monitor preventing survival of cells with irreparable genetic damage. Its levels are tightly controlled by its negative regulator HDM2, and are allowed to rise only during cellular stress. In our recent paper (Kurki, et al. Cancer Cell 2004; 5:465-75) we identify a novel mechanism leading to p53 stabilization following UV damage of the cells. This involves UV damage provoked nucleoplasmic relocalization of a nucleolar protein, nucleophosmin (NPM, B23) and its rapid and transient interactions with both p53 and HDM2. We discuss here implications of recent findings that several p53 pathway proteins interact with NPM and find that its participation in cellular damage responses is limited to transcriptional stress but absent in direct ds DNA breaks. These findings suggest divergence in the routes provoking p53 stability and implicate the nucleolus as a central site participating in transcriptional stress responses.
Elusive Silane–Alane Complex [SiH⋅⋅⋅Al]: Isolation, Characterization, and Multifaceted Frustrated Lewis Pair Type Catalysis (2015)

The super acidity of the unsolvated Al(C6F5)3 enabled isolation of the elusive silane-alane complex [Si-H⋅⋅⋅Al], which was structurally characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction methods. The Janus-like nature of this adduct, coupled with strong silane activation, effects multifaceted frustrated-Lewis-pair-type catalysis. When compared with the silane-borane system, the silane-alane system offers unique features or clear advantages in the four types of catalytic transformations examined in this study, including: ligand redistribution of tertiary silanes into secondary and quaternary silanes, polymerization of conjugated polar alkenes, hydrosilylation of unactivated alkenes, and hydrodefluorination of fluoroalkanes.
Progress in Verification (1988)

As in many other aspects of the nuclear arms race, verification is an activity which involves a strong interaction between technology and politics. In public discussions of verification the political aspects tend to be emphasised, and many will argue that technology does not affect in any important way what arms control and disarmament treaties are possible.1 But when examining the history of arms control, one sees the impact of technology. The early test-ban talks in 1958 were based on a scientific consensus that nuclear tests could be monitored.2 When that consensus broke down, the voluntary test ban also broke down3 — and ultimately, in 1963, only an above-ground test ban was established since that was verifiable. The SALT Agreements were written keeping in mind the need that they be verifiable.4 American ratification of the SALT II Agreement looked as if it might fail in part because the one technical expert in Congress, Senator John Glenn, said that it was technically not verifiable.5 President Ronald Reagan has objected to an anti-satellite (ASAT) treaty because he claims it is unverifiable6 — and he makes it sound as though it is unverifiable in a technical sense. Clearly, then, the technical aspects of verification do matter. Actually, verification is not just technological ‘snooping’; it is a whole process.7 Thus, when President Ronald Reagan says an ASAT treaty is unverifiable, he is really saying the process of verification is incomplete in some aspect; this incompleteness does not necessarily lie in the technology.
Requirement of Shp-2 tyrosine phosphatase in lymphoid and hematopoietic cell development (2001)

Shp-1 and Shp-2 are cytoplasmic phosphotyrosine phosphatases with similar structures. Mice deficient in Shp-2 die at midgestation with defects in mesodermal patterning, and a hypomorphic mutation at the Shp-1 locus results in the moth-eaten viable (me(v)) phenotype. Previously, a critical role of Shp-2 in mediating erythroid/myeloid cell development was demonstrated. By using the RAG-2-deficient blastocyst complementation, the role of Shp-2 in lymphopoiesis has been determined. Chimeric mice generated by injecting Shp-2(-/-) embryonic stem cells into Rag-2-deficient blastocysts had no detectable mature T and B cells, serum immunoglobulin M, or even Thy-1(+) and B220(+) precursor lymphocytes. Collectively, these results suggest a positive role of Shp-2 in the development of all blood cell lineages, in contrast to the negative effect of Shp-1 in this process. To determine whether Shp-1 and Shp-2 interact in hematopoiesis, Shp-2(-/-):me(v)/me(v) double-mutant embryos were generated and the hematopoietic cell development in the yolk sacs was examined. More hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were detected in Shp-2(-/-):me(v)/me(v) embryos than in Shp-2(-/-) littermates. The partial rescue by Shp-1 deficiency of the defective hematopoiesis caused by the Shp-2 mutation suggests that Shp-1 and Shp-2 have antagonistic effects in hematopoiesis, possibly through a bidirectional modulation of the same signaling pathway(s).
China to Launch Its Strategic Oil Reserve Bases Year-end (2005)

Wang Jiming, the vice president of Sinopec,disclosed on September 8th in Beijing that the national strategic oil reserve bases began to prepare and build in 2003 has made important progress at present. The first base is predicted to be put into service and store crude oil at the end of this year.
Optimal two-qubit circuits for universal fault-tolerant quantum computation (2021)

Abstract We study two-qubit circuits over the Clifford+CS gate set, which consists of the Clifford gates together with the controlled-phase gate CS = diag(1, 1, 1, i ). The Clifford+CS gate set is universal for quantum computation and its elements can be implemented fault-tolerantly in most error-correcting schemes through magic state distillation. Since non-Clifford gates are typically more expensive to perform in a fault-tolerant manner, it is often desirable to construct circuits that use few CS gates. In the present paper, we introduce an efficient and optimal synthesis algorithm for two-qubit Clifford+CS operators. Our algorithm inputs a Clifford+CS operator U and outputs a Clifford+CS circuit for U , which uses the least possible number of CS gates. Because the algorithm is deterministic, the circuit it associates to a Clifford+CS operator can be viewed as a normal form for that operator. We give an explicit description of these normal forms and use this description to derive a worst-case lower bound of $$5{{\rm{log}}}_{2}(\frac{1}{\epsilon })+O(1)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> on the number of CS gates required to ϵ -approximate elements of SU(4). Our work leverages a wide variety of mathematical tools that may find further applications in the study of fault-tolerant quantum circuits.
An approach for designing total-dose tolerant MCMs based on current monitoring (2002)

This paper presents a new technique for designing reliable multichip modules (MCMs) under radiation effects for spacecraft electronics. The technique is based on current monitoring to detect faults induced by ionizing radiation in dies mounted on the MCM. These faults change transistor electrical parameters and increase power consumption due to increased leakage current. In addition to this fundamental benefit, the proposed approach can also be used to assess product quality during manufacturing testing.
Improvement in gate oxide integrity on thin-film silicon-on-insulator substrates by lateral gettering (1997)

Lateral gettering is implemented in thin-film silicon-on-insulator (TFSOI) substrates by introducing crystalline defects in the vicinity of metal-oxide-semiconductor device channel regions prior to gate oxidation. As a result of the gettering a significant improvement in gate oxide integrity is achieved, with increased oxide breakdown voltages and charge-to-breakdowns, as well as a reduction in localized oxide charge trapping. The same gettering effect on separation-by-implantation-of-oxygen and bonded silicon-on-insulator substrates suggests that the lack of effective gettering is mainly responsible for the oxide degradation regardless of the TFSOI type. This work also demonstrates the feasibility of achieving bulk-comparable gate oxides on TFSOI substrates.
A commodity trusted computing module (2008)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.
Hemagglutinin of Haemophilus paragallinarum serotype 2 organisms: Occurrence and immunologic properties of hemagglutinin (1982)

Hemagglutinating properties of Haemophilus paragallinarum serotype 2 and serotype C against freshly collected and glutaraldehyde (GA)- fixed chicken RBC were investigated. Different from serotype 1, the nontreated organisms of serotype 2 and serotype C lacked hemagglutinating activity. However, when the organisms were treated with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) and/or sonication, activity occurred not only against GA-fixed chicken RBC, but also against GA-fixed RBC of various animal species. The maximum hemagglutination titer (1:64 to 1:256) was obtained against GA-fixed RBC with the KSCN-treated organisms that were also sonicated. The activity was inactivated by heating at 100 C or by treatments with formalin or trypsin, but not by treatments with hyaluronidase or neuraminidase. By using KSCN-treated and sonicated organisms and GA-fixed chicken RBC, a detection of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody was possible. The HI tests showed that serotype 2 hemagglutinin was immunologically distinct from serotype 1 and that the HI antibody correlated to protective activity against challenge exposure with serotype 2 and serotype C. Chicks having HI antibody greater than 1:5 were protected against challenge exposure with homologous type, but were not protected with serotype 1. Applicability of the HI test was also shown for evaluating protective potency in the serotype 2 vaccine, as well as in the serotype 1 vaccine.
Contact resistance measurements on <i>p</i>-type 6H-SiC (1993)

Specific contact resistance measurements are reported for Al-Ti ohmic contacts to epitaxial p-type 6H-SiC as a function of epitaxial doping. The circular transmission line method was used to measure the specific contact resistance including the sheet resistance of the epitaxial layer and the modified sheet resistance under the contact. Epitaxial layers with Al doping between 5.5×1015 and 2×1019 cm−3 yielded specific contact resistances between 2.9×10−2 and 1.5×10−5 Ω cm2. A good theoretical fit to the contact resistance data was obtained by assuming the metal-6H-SiC barrier height to equal 0.37 eV.
<title>Gray-level image enhancement using a projected thickening</title> (1993)

A selected morphology operation on a binary image is called a thickening by Serra. It is simply a union of the image with a hit or miss transform. The definition can be extended to a gray level image by applying the operation to each binary level in a threshold decomposition. A difficulty is that the operation is not increasing, and the resulting threshold decomposition consists of stacks that contain holes. In this sense, the thickening operator leaves an image that is a multivalued function. A single valued function can be defined as a projection of the stacks onto the spatial dimension. This is called a projected thickening, and is different than the traditional umbra representation of functions.
The mRNA-like noncoding RNA Gomafu constitutes a novel nuclear domain in a subset of neurons (2007)

Recent transcriptome analyses have revealed that a large body of noncoding regions of mammalian genomes are actually transcribed into RNAs. Our understanding of the molecular features of these noncoding RNAs is far from complete. We have identified a novel mRNA-like noncoding gene, named Gomafu, which is expressed in a distinct set of neurons in the mouse nervous system. Interestingly, spliced mature Gomafu RNA is localized to the nucleus despite its mRNA-like characteristics, which usually act as potent export signals to the cytoplasm. Within the nucleus, Gomafu RNA is detected as numerous spots that do not colocalize with known nuclear domain markers. Gomafu RNA is extremely insoluble and remains intact after nuclear matrix preparation. Furthermore, heterokaryon assays revealed that Gomafu RNA does not shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm, but is retained in the nucleus after its transcription. We propose that Gomafu RNA represents a novel family of mRNA-like noncoding RNA that constitutes a cell-type-specific component of the nuclear matrix.
Economic impact of medication error: a systematic review (2017)

Considerable variability existed between studies in terms of financial cost, patients, settings and errors included. Many were of poor quality. Assessment of economic impact was conducted predominantly in the hospital setting with little assessment of primary care impact. Limited parameters were used to establish economic impact. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.