gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on EM metamaterials (2009)

Electromagnetic (EM) metamaterials have become a field of intense research activities. This paper presents a critical perspective of the field, with emphasis on fundamental concepts and practical applications. Metamaterials are explained in the general context of periodic structures. Resonant particle type and transmission line type metamaterials are compared, and their fundamental connection is established. Exotic phenomena recently reported and associated challenges are briefly reviewed. Practical applications are enumerated and illustrated by an example. The paper concludes with an optimistic outlook regarding the future of metamaterials.
Noninvasive method for measuring the electrical properties of deep tissues using an open-ended coaxial probe (1996)

A new noninvasive method of measuring the structure and the electrical properties of bilayered biological tissues was evaluated as a potentially useful diagnostic means for detecting changes in subcutaneous tissues. First, the input impedance of an open-ended coaxial probe radiating into a bilayered model was calculated using a full-wave method, the results showed that the evanescent higher order modes do not have a significant influence on the reflection coefficient of muscle layer surface. Then, it was clearly proven that the phase shift and the modulus of the reflection coefficient of muscle layer surface depending on the frequency are useful to estimate the thickness of fat layer and the electrical properties of muscle respectively. The experimental results showed an excellent agreement with the theoretical relationship between the phase shift and the thickness. The sensitivity of estimation of the electrical properties of muscle was shown to be not enough for differentiating between normal and diseased deep tissue because of noises from the experimental systems.
Factors Influencing Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) and Diacetone Diperoxide (DADP) Formation: Part 2 (2013)

Abstract A comprehensive mechanistic study regarding acetone peroxides reveals that water has a profound effect on the formation of the solid cyclic peroxides, TATP, and DADP. The identification and rate of occurrence of reaction intermediates as well as compositions of the final products offer explanation for previously reported results indicating that acid type and hydrogen peroxide concentration affect the acid catalyzed reaction between acetone and hydrogen peroxide. A kinetics study of the decomposition of TATP revealed the effects of water and alcohols. They generally retard conversion of TATP to DADP and lead to complete decomposition of TATP by acid. A mechanism is proposed for the production of TATP and DADP.
A unified approach to building hybrid recommender systems (2009)

Content-based recommendation systems can provide recommendations for "cold-start" items for which little or no training data is available, but typically have lower accuracy than collaborative filtering systems. Conversely, collaborative filtering techniques often provide accurate recommendations, but fail on cold start items. Hybrid schemes attempt to combine these different kinds of information to yield better recommendations across the board.
Elevated AIM2-mediated pyroptosis triggered by hypercytotoxic Francisella mutant strains is attributed to increased intracellular bacteriolysis (2011)

Intracellular bacterial pathogens Francisella novicida and the Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) are recognized in the macrophage cytosol by the AIM2 inflammasome, which leads to the activation of caspase-1 and the processing and secretion of active IL-1β, IL-18 and pyroptosis. Previous studies have reported that F. novicida and LVS mutants in specific genes (e.g. FTT0584, mviN and ripA) induce elevated inflammasome activation and hypercytotoxicity in host cells, leading to the proposal that F. novicida and LVS may have proteins that actively modulate inflammasome activation. However, there has been no direct evidence of such inflammasome evasion mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the above mutants, along with a wide range of F. novicida hypercytotoxic mutants that are deficient for membrane-associated proteins (ΔFTT0584, ΔmviN, ΔripA, ΔfopA and ΔFTN1217) or deficient for genes involved in O-antigen or LPS biosynthesis (ΔwbtA and ΔlpxH) lyse more intracellularly, thus activating increased levels of AIM2-dependent pyroptosis and other innate immune signalling pathways. This suggests that an inflammasome-specific evasion mechanism may not be present in F. novicida and LVS. Furthermore, future studies may need to consider increased bacterial lysis as a possible cause of elevated stimulation of multiple innate immune pathways when the protein composition or surface carbohydrates of the bacterial membrane is altered.
Feature Importance and Predictive Modeling for Multi-source Healthcare Data with Missing Values (2016)

With rapid development of sensor technologies and the internet of things, research in the area of connected health is increasing in importance and complexity with wide-reaching impacts for public health. As data sources such as mobile (wearable) sensors get cheaper, smaller, and smarter, important research questions can be answered by combining information from multiple data sources. However, integration of multiple heterogeneous data streams often results in a dataset with several empty cells or missing values. The challenge is to use such sparsely populated integrated datasets without compromising model performance. Naïve approaches for dataset modification such as discarding observations or ad-hoc replacement of missing values often lead to misleading results. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate current best-practices for modeling such data with missing values and then propose an ensemble-learning based sparse-data modeling framework. We develop a predictive model using this framework and compare it with existing models using a study in a healthcare setting. Instead of generating a single score on variable/feature importance, our framework enables the user to understand the importance of a variable based on the existing data values and their localized impact on the outcome.
Somatic Signature of Brain-Specific Single Nucleotide Variations in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (2014)

Our data suggest that adult blood and brain have different DNA genomic variations, and that somatic genetic mosaicism and brain-specific genome reshaping may contribute to SAD pathogenesis and cognitive differences between individuals.
Query transformation in an instructional database management system (1984)

A database management system designed for instructional use should offer facilities usually not required in a commercial environment. One of the most important features desirable in such a system is its ability to perform query transformation. The use of an universal symbol and tree manipulation system to perform query translation, decomposition and optimization is described in the paper. Examples of transformation rules required to translate SQL expressions into equivalent QUEL expressions, decompose SQL expressions into parse trees and perform optimization of expressions based on relational algebra are shown.
Photoresponsive Polypeptides (2000)

Polypeptides containing azobenzene or spiropyran units attached to the macromolecules respond to light or dark conditions giving reversible variations of their structure. In this Account we provide a short overview of current research in the field and describe the most significant experimental examples of photoresponse effects. They include photoinduced random coil/alpha-helix transitions, helix-sense reversal, photostimulated aggregation/disaggregation processes, and photomechanical effects. These fascinating properties suggest that photoresponsive polypeptides may become suitable materials for designing sensors and devices that can be photomodulated. Findings also demonstrate that it is possible to synthesize model systems which respond to light similarly to naturally occurring photoreceptors.
A Cryptographically Enforced Access Control with a Flexible User Revocation on Untrusted Cloud Storage (2016)

Cloud storage services have become ubiquitous. A large number of individuals and organizations are using them to store and share data, taking the benefits of mobility and affordability offered by these services. However, secure management of data in cloud storage services, more specifically supporting multi-party sharing in the context of a collaboration, is a challenging problem. The problem is further exacerbated if the data owner does not have any trust on the cloud storage providers and the data need regular updates from collaborating parties. A number of cryptographically enforced secure cloud storage solutions have been proposed to address this problem. One of the key issues with these solutions is the revocation of access to data for invalid users without moving the data (in the era of big data) and relying on the cloud service providers. In this paper, we introduce a cloud storage system that offers cryptographically enforced security. In contrast to other cryptographically protected cloud storage systems, our system supports a fine-grained access control mechanism and allows flexible revocations of invalid users without moving the data and relying on the cloud service providers. Our system employs an attribute-based encryption technique to support a complex access structure that allows a user to define human readable access policies to the data in the cloud storage. In addition, our system supports a flexible revocation scheme that can revoke invalid users directly by updating the revoked users’ list or indirectly by updating an epoch counter. The system administrator can choose one of these options flexibly depending on the needs. Our system also allows authorized users to update the encrypted data, and any users accessing such updated data in future can verify whether the data are modified by authorized users.
Adult classical glioblastoma with a BRAF V600E mutation (2015)

The B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (B-Raf) is a member of the Raf kinase family. The BRAF V600E mutation occurs frequently in certain brain tumors such as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, ganglioglioma, and pilocytic astrocytoma, and less frequently in epithelioid and giant cell glioblastoma. BRAF V600E mutation in these cases has been canonically detected using Sanger sequencing or immunohistochemistry but not with next-generation sequencing (NGS). Moreover, to our knowledge, there is no detailed report of the BRAF V600E mutation in an adult glioblastoma with classical histologic features (c-GBM). Therefore, we performed NGS analysis to determine the mutational status of BRAF of 13 glioblastomas (GBMs) (11 primary and 2 secondary cases) and detected one tumor harboring the BRAF V600E mutation. We report here the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in a patient with c-GBM and describe the patient's clinical course as well as the results of histopathological analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF 6‐(SUBSTITUTED‐PHENYL)‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLO(4,3‐B)PYRIDAZINES (1981)

Abstract Wie im Formelschema skizziert, können die Triazolopyridazine (IV) aus den Chlorpyridazinen (III) nach 2 Mthoden dargestellt werden.
Mineralocorticoid properties of potential metabolites of 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone and 18-hydroxyprogesterone (1985)

The high secretion rate of 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone in hypertensives and the steroids implication as a mineralocorticoid has led to the synthesis of potential di-, tetra-, and hexahydro metabolites of it and 18-hydroxy-progesterone. These potential metabolites have been synthesized by reduction of the double bond and the 3- and 20-ketones, singly or in combination. They have been evaluated for pro- and antimineralocorticoid activity and their affinity for the renal aldosterone receptor. All except one of the potential metabolites either lack or have reduced mineralocorticoid activity and aldosterone receptor binding affinity. The exception is the 3-ketopregn-4-ene-18,20-diol which has high receptor affinity but functions as an aldosterone antagonist.
Liquid source metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of aluminum from triethylamine alane (1991)

Low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of aluminum using triethylamine alane (TEAA) is reported. This liquid source combines the chemical advantages of adduct precursors such as solid trimethylamine alane (TMAA), with the processing and handling advantages of liquid precursors such as triisobutyl aluminum (TIBA). High-purity Al films were deposited on TiN and thin in situ evaporated Cu and Ti films, which serve as activators for nucleation of Al. The electrical resistivities of the Al films on TiN were close to the 3 μΩ cm of sputtered Al. In the case of depositions on Cu, the Cu diffuses readily into the Al and serves to improve the electromigration resistance of the latter. The Al deposition rates using TEAA are 2–4 times those using TIBA at 250 °C, although the TEAA process is not fully optimized at this point and further work is needed to improve the film morphologies.
Evaluation of range and distortion tolerance for high Mach number transonic fan stages, volume 1 Final report (1971)

Computer output tables for performance tests of single stage, transonic compressor for advanced aircraft
Three soluble rat beta-galactoside-binding lectins. (1985)

Both immature and adult rat lungs contain three prominent soluble beta-galactoside-binding proteins with subunit Mr approximately 14,500, 18,000, and 29,000 rather than only the one noted previously. They are readily resolved by ion-exchange chromatography, and antibodies raised against them show little cross-reaction. The three proteins were also found in immature heart, skeletal muscle, and liver, but only the protein with subunit Mr approximately 14,500 was found in these tissues in young adults.
Olefin/paraffin separations by adsorption: π‐Complexation vs. kinetic separation (1998)

Abstract Monolayer dispersed AgNO 3 on silica gel was prepared by thermal dispersion. This sorbent exhibited superior adsorption properties for olefin/parafin separations by selective adsorption of olefins through π‐complexation. This sorbent, along with Ag + ion‐exchanged resin, was subjected to simulation studies for olefin/parafin separations by pressure‐swing adsorption. Kinetic separations (due to differences in olefin/parafin diffusivities) using zeolite 4A and molecular‐sieve carbon were also studied, Using 50/50 mixtures of C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 and C 3 H 6 /C 3 H 8 , separations using these sorbents were compared directly based on olefin product purity, recoveiy, and throughput. The monolayer AgNO 3 /SiO 2 sorbent showed superior separation results for C 3 H 4 /C 3 H 8 , and the Ag + ‐exchanged resin showed best results for C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 . In both cases, over 99% product purities could be obtained at reasonably high recoveries and throughputs. For C 3 H 6 /C 3 H 6 separation on AgNO 3 /SiO 2 , multiplicity of cyclic steady states were observed within certain regions of feed and purge velocities. within these regions, two stable cyclic steady states were reached starting ffom different initial‐bed conditions while all operating conditions were identical.
Much more touch (2012)

The explosion of touchscreen-enabled computing devices such as tablet PCs and smartphones have changed the expectations of how people interact with electronics and machines across a spectrum of industries, such as hospitality, automotive, medical, and education; but it is in the retail sector that touchscreen point-of-sale (POS) technology is seeing greatest growth, both in terms of unit shipments and technological innovation.
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A and Its Endogenous Inhibitor, the Proform of Eosinophil Major Basic Protein (proMBP), Are Related to Complex Stenosis Morphology in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris (2004)

In patients with stable angina, PAPP-A and PAPP-A/proMBP ratio are associated with angiographic plaque complexity.
Improved histogram based ghost removal in exposure fusion for high dynamic range images (2011)

For producing a single high dynamic range image (HDRI), multiple low dynamic range images (LDRIs) with different exposures are used. In high dynamic range imaging, a moving object in a set of LDRIs causes the ghost effect in a final HDRI. In this paper, we propose a ghost removal method based on histogram information. Object motion is detected by comparing ranks of intensity between LDRIs, and then the generated motion map is combined to construct the weight map in exposure fusion. Experimental results using various sets of LDRIs show that the proposed method effectively removes ghost effect and enhances contrast in a final HDRI. In terms of the computation time, the proposed method gives a better performance than existing methods.
Fuel constrained unit commitment with fuel mixing and allocation (2002)

A fuel constrained unit commitment (FCUC) program has been designed to economically schedule both firm (take-or-pay) and nonfirm gas contracts over a set of dual fuel generating units with the capability to mix gas and oil. Limits on the fuel mixture ratios exist, and additional gas pipeline constraints are enforced.
An introduction to large deviations for communication networks (1995)

This paper is an introduction to some large deviations techniques that have been used for analyzing models of communication networks. Starting from the beginning (sequences of i.i.d. random variables), it progresses to some Markov processes in discrete or continuous time. It illustrates the meaning of most theorems by applying them to a common example. Then the AMS model of buffering in ATM is analyzed in a variety of ways. Finally, a few other common models are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Influence of Natural Surface Microtopographies on Fouling (2004)

Multiple antifouling strategies of marine organisms may consist of combinations of physical, chemical and mechanical mechanisms. In this study, the role of surface microtopography (< 500 microns) of different marine organisms, such as Cancer pagurus, Mytilus edulis, Ophiura texturata and the eggcase of Scyliorhinus canicula, has been investigated as a possible component of their defence systems. High resolution resin replicates of these natural surface structures were exposed to natural fouling in field experiments. Abundances of recruits were determined and compared to those on untextured, but otherwise identical, control surfaces to quantify the influence of the different microtopographies on fouling rates. Antifouling effects of microtopographies varied with type of microtopography and coloniser species. The surface microtopography of C. pagurus significantly rejected macrofoulers. The surface structures of the eggcase and O. texturata had repellent effects on microfoulers. Barnacle settlement was temporarily reduced on surface microtopographies of M. edulis and the eggcase. These results emphasise the promising nontoxic antifouling properties of microtextured surfaces.
534. The synthesis of amino-acids from furfurylamine (1958)

A. A. Marei and R. A. Raphael, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 2624 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580002624
The folding of hirudin adopts a mechanism of trial and error. (1992)

Reduced and denatured hirudin (65 amino acids and 3 disulfides) refolds in vitro to become an active molecule. The folding process adopts a mechanism of "trial and error" without predominant pathways. Throughout the entire folding process, the 6 cysteines were about equally involved in the disulfide shuffling. Among the first 20% of 3-disulfide species accumulated during the early phase of refolding, two-thirds were inactive and were reshuffled in the presence of thiol catalyst to regain correct disulfide pairing. When refolding was performed in the presence of strong denaturant (guanidinium chloride) without thiol catalyst, 8% of the active hirudin was obtained. This figure is close to the probability (6.7%) that would be expected from the random disulfide pairing of a molecule containing 6 sulfhydryl groups.
The Reduction of Residual Stress Generated in Metal-Ceramic Joining (1998)

Abstract Finite element analysis was used to investigate the effect of altering the interface geometry on a axi-symmetrical metal-ceramic joint. The authors found that increasing the interface angle not only eliminated the singularity that existed at the intersection of the free edge and the interface boundary, but also saw a drastic reduction in the peak residual stresses contained in the joint. An experimental program was undertaken to validate the theoretical result. Electrical discharge machining was utilized to fabricate ‘novel’ convex ceramic interfaces with a variety of apex heights on a conductive, commercially available sialon ceramic. They were subsequently joined, using a Ag-Cu-Ti braze, to mating stainless steel members. Subsequent tensile tests showed a dramatic increase in tensile strength compared to planar interface joints, thus validating the theoretical model and expanding the potential for metal-ceramic joints to be used in engineering applications.
User interests in social media sites (2009)

Recent technological advances in mobile-based access to social networking platforms and facilities to update information in real{time (e.g. in Facebook) have allowed an individual's online presence to be as ephemeral and dynamic in nature, as her very thoughts and interests. In this context, micro-blogging has been widely adopted by users as an effective means to capture and disseminate their thoughts and actions to a larger audience on a daily basis. Interestingly, daily chatters of a user obtained from her micro-blogs offer a unique information source to analyze and interpret her context in real-time - i.e. interests, intentions,and activities. In this paper, we gather data from the public timeline of Twitter spanning across ten worldwide cities over a period of four weeks. We use this dataset to (a) explore how users express interests in real-time through micro-blogs, and (b) understand how text mining techniques can be applied to interpret real-time context of a user based on her tweets. Initial findings reported herein suggest that social media sites like Twitter constitute a promising source for extracting user context that can be exploited by novel social networking applications.
Aberrant P-cadherin expression is an early event in hyperplastic and dysplastic transformation in the colon (2002)

P-cadherin is aberrantly expressed from the earliest morphologically identifiable stage of colonocyte transformation, prior to changes in E-cadherin, catenin, and APC expression/mutation. P-cadherin expression alone does not predict tissue morphology, and such expression is independent of that of associated cadherins and catenins.
Management of Refractory Status Epilepticus (2022)

This study provides Class III data that propofol and midazolam are equivalently efficacious for RSE.
70. Synthetic antimalarials. Part III. Some derivatives of mono- and di-alkylpyrimidines (1946)

R. Hull, B. J. Lovell, H. T. Openshaw, L. C. Payman and A. R. Todd, J. Chem. Soc., 1946, 357 DOI: 10.1039/JR9460000357
Volitional Control of Visual Accommodation (1971)

Servocontrol infrared optometer applied to study of volitional control of human visual accommodation