gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ELECTRONIC ACCELERATION‐SENSITIVE GEOPHONE FOR SEISMIC PROSPECTING*** (1983)

A bstract Previously ignored characteristics of the seismic recording instrument are presently experienced as limitations as more sophisticated interpretive methods using wider frequency ranges are developed to extract stratigraphic information from seismic land data for hydrocarbon and mineral exploration. Most of these limitations arise from inadequate characteristics of the first element of the seismic instrument: the geophone. A geophone does not faithfully follow the motion of the earth for higher frequencies due to poor geophone‐earth coupling. This filtering effect brings about time shifts that are dependent on the frequency and the soil type. A geophone can also produce spurious outputs, brought about by the motion of the suspended part of the geophone, with a magnitude comparable to that of the desired output. The suspension is made very compliant to obtain the required sensitivity. A compliant suspension, however, gives a large sag. The geophone can therefore only be used in one position, tolerating little tilt. A compliant suspension also widens the traveling range of the movable part. Minor sensitivity changes with travel are then noticeable as nonlinearity, since the surface wave is large with respect to the reflected wave. A compliant suspension is usually realized in the form of thin, spirally shaped spring‐spiders. Such suspensions exhibit transverse or rotational resonances that are in or close to the seismic frequency band. Excited by ground roll, they can produce considerable undesirable output. The novel geophone we describe is a light‐weight (17 g) acceleration‐sensitive transducer which gives good ground coupling and partial correction for the increasing damping in the earth with increasing frequencies. It employs internal hybrid electronics for a magnetodynamic velocity‐nulling feedback system. Velocity nulling makes the movable part of the geophone virtually rigid with respect to the housing. This makes the geophone characteristics independent of the suspension. The springs used are stiff in a transverse and rotational direction so that the suspension resonances are well outside the useful frequency band. This suspension also allows the geophone to be used in any orientation while being only sensitive to the vibration component along the main axis. The feedback system makes the sensitivity flat within 1 dB from 2 Hz to 500 Hz, with a phase tolerance smaller than 5°. The geophone is robust, has no moving internal wires, employs a current output [sensitivity 1 mA/(m s −2 )] and internal gain so that the signal‐to‐cable‐noise ratio is improved. This type of output allows parallel connection without any interaction between the geophones.
Label-Free Impedimetric Sensor for a Ribonucleic Acid Oligomer Specific to Hepatitis C Virus at a Self-Assembled Monolayer-Covered Electrode (2010)

A ribonucleic acid (RNA) sensor based on hybridization of its peptide nucleic acid (PNA) molecule with a target RNA oligomer of the internal ribosome entry site sequence specific to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the electrochemical impedance detection is described. This RNA is one of the most conservative molecules of the whole HCV RNA genome. The ammonium ion terminated PNA molecule was immobilized via its host-guest interactions with the diaza crown ring of 3-thiophene-acetamide-diaza-18-crown-6 synthesized by a simple two-step method, which forms a well-defined self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold. Hybridization events of the probe PNA with the target RNA were monitored by measuring charge-transfer resistances for the Fe(CN)(6)(3-/4-) redox probe using Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The ratio of the resistances of the SAM-covered electrode measured before and after hybridization increased linearly with log[RNA] in the rat liver lysate with a detection limit of about 23 pM.
Bone Marrow–Specific Deficiency of Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Enhances Atherosclerosis (2011)

In conclusion, in bone marrow-derived cells the nuclear receptor Nur77 has an anti-inflammatory function, represses SDF-1α expression and inhibits atherosclerosis.
Functional T lymphocytes are required for a murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency disease (MAIDS). (1987)

Athymic nu/nu mice were found to be resistant to the immunodeficiency disease and lethality induced in normal mice by the injection of the LP-BM5 mixture of murine retroviruses (LP-BM5 MuLV). Susceptibility to disease induction was reconstituted by injection of nu/nu mice with purified, mature T lymphocytes. The extent of viral replication of both the ecotropic and mink cell focus forming (MCF) components of LP-BM5 MuLV was equivalent in both nu/nu and normal animals. Retrovirally-induced immunodeficiency disease in mice (MAIDS) is thus dependent upon the presence of functional T lymphocytes, and high virus titers in athymic mice have little or no effect on the immune system.
Universal quantum computation by the unitary control of ancilla qubits and using a fixed ancilla-register interaction (2013)

We characterize a model of universal quantum computation where the register (computational) qubits are controlled by ancillary qubits, using only a single fixed interaction between register and ancillary qubits. No additional access is required to the computational register and the dynamics of both the register and ancilla are unitary. This scheme is inspired by the measurement-based ancilla-driven quantum computation of Anders et al. [Phys. Rev. A 82, 020301(R) (2010)], but does not require measurements of the ancillas, and in this respect is similar to the original gate-based model of quantum computation. We consider what possible forms this ancilla-register interaction can take, with a proof that the interaction is necessarily locally equivalent to swap combined with an entangling controlled gate. We further show which Hamiltonians can create such interactions and discuss two examples; the two-qubit XY Hamiltonian and a particular case of the XXZ Hamiltonian. We then give an example of a simple, finite, and fault-tolerant gate set for universal quantum computation in this model.
Neurologic effects of exogenous saccharides: A review of controlled human, animal, and<i>in vitro</i>studies (2012)

Although the mechanisms by which exogenous saccharides can influence brain function are not well understood at this time, the literature suggests that certain naturally occurring compounds and polysaccharide-rich extracts show promise, when taken orally, in supporting neurologic health and function. Additional well-controlled clinical studies on larger populations are necessary, however, before specific recommendations can be made.
Sexual dimorphism and developmental regulation of substantia nigra function (2001)

The substantia nigra is an important brain nucleus involved in the expression of movement disorders and seizures. The two most common movement disorders affecting the substantia nigra, Parkinson's disease and Tourette syndrome, show gender differences and age-related onset. To assess the substrates for the gender and age specificity of substantia nigra-related disorders, we determined the functional properties of the substantia nigra gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) system along its anterior-posterior axis, using localized microinfusions of muscimol (a GABAA agonist) and susceptibility to motor seizures in rats. In the substantia nigra, there are sex-specific differences in the topographic segregation and functionality of GABAA systems. In mature male rats there are two distinct regions mediating opposite effects on seizures; in female rats there is only one region that can affect seizures. In the neonatal period, the presence of circulating testosterone is essential for the development of a substantia nigra region that exerts proconvulsant effects throughout the rat's life, a unique feature of the male substantia nigra. The final maturation of the substantia nigra occurs in the peripubertal period, and is in part regulated by testosterone as well. The recognition of the existence of distinct sex- and age-specific substantia nigra features can be translated into new cures of disorders affecting the substantia nigra.
Short-Term Clinical Outcomes of Laser Trabeculoplasty Using a 577-nm Wavelength Laser (2014)

Purpose: To evaluate the pressure-lowering effects of single-spot laser trabeculoplasty and patterned laser trabeculoplasty using a 577-nm wavelength laser. Methods: A total 35 eyes of 35 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were enrolled in this study. Eighteen eyes of 18 patients were treated with 360 single-spot laser trabeculoplasty and 17 eyes of 17 patients were treated with 360 patterned laser trabeculoplasty. All patients were evaluated after laser trabeculoplasty at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months using slit lamp examination and Goldmann applanation tonometry. Results: At 6 months postoperatively, the single-spot laser trabeculoplasty group had a mean IOP of 15.89 3.89 mm Hg with a mean IOP reduction of 37.1%, while the patterned laser trabeculoplasty group had a mean IOP of 17.57 2.64 mm Hg with a mean IOP reduction of 27.1%. Conclusions: Laser trabeculoplasty with a 577-nm optically pumped semiconductor laser was safe and demonstrated an IOP lowering effect. There were no significant differences in the IOP lowering effects between the single-spot laser trabeculoplasty and the patterned laser trabeculoplasty.
Wavelet transform and bit-plane encoding (2002)

In this work a new approach for wavelet transform (WT) based image compression is presented. Employing a simple region representation coding scheme previously used with bi-level facsimile pictures, the wavelet transform coefficients are first quantized using scalar quantization and then a lossless auto-adaptive block bit-plane encoding technique is applied to exploit the intra-subband correlation. Simulation at low bit-rates generates a compression ratio comparable to that obtained with vector quantization applied to the wavelet transform coefficients.
Effects of Mechanical Vibrations and Bias Voltage Noise on Phase Noise of MEMS Resonator Based Oscillators (2006)

Micromechanical Resonator based oscillators are a promising technology for replacing quartz crystal based oscillators. In this work, we will report the effects of mechanical vibrations and bias voltage noise on the phase noise performance of electrostatic MEMS resonator based oscillators. Accurate models for both these effects are discussed along with their experimental verification using a 1.3MHz, epi-silicon encapsulated Single Anchored Double Ended Tuning Fork (DETF) resonator. The acceleration sensitivity of the resonator was found to be < 10ppb/g which is better than many low cost crystal resonators, and shows potential for improvement to get performance which is at par or better than quartz crystal oscillators.
Electrochemical stabilization of porous silicon multilayers for sensing various chemical compounds (2006)

Porous silicon rugate filters are fabricated and investigated for their ability to sense chemical species. The durability of the filter is tested by allowing the structure to undergo many cycles of adsorption and desorption of vapor-phase ethanol molecules. The characteristic reflectivity peak of the structure exhibits a relative blueshift of 2.7% after 86 adsorption∕desorption cycles. The observed shift is ascribed to the formation of silicon dioxide, which has a lower refractive index than that of silicon. In order to stabilize the structure against oxidation expected from cycling and environmental exposure, the filter is subjected to electrochemical oxidation in an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. The treatment dramatically improves stability of the sensor; a relative blueshift of &lt;0.4% is observed after 100 adsorption∕desorption cycles for this sensor. The sensitivity of the sensor is also affected by electrochemical oxidation: the response to saturated ethanol in air changes from Δλ=100nm to Δλ=70nm, respectively. Theoretical calculations using the Bruggeman effective medium approximation and the characteristic matrix method indicate that up to 15% (by volume) of silicon is transformed to silicon dioxide by the electrochemical oxidation procedure. This volume ratio is close to that estimated from Auger electron spectroscopy measurements.
Introduction: the long liberation (2003)

I remember the day I saw the first Germans … there was a rumour, we went down to the street and I saw the motorized troops arrive. It was a sort of grey-green block. It was sparkling, it was backfiring, it was bellowing. They turned the corner of the road … and in my mind … it was death which advanced.
Studies on the structure of polysaccharide from Trichophyton mentagrophytes. (1979)

An alkali-soluble polysaccharide, designated as S-Iaw, has been isolated from the mycelia of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. It gave a single peak on high-speed liquid chromatography. The only component sugar was D-mannose, and its molecular weight was found to be about 24000. Methylation, periodate oxidation, and acetolysis studies suggested that S-Iaw is composed of repeating units of O-(2-O-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-6-O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-α-D-mannopyranose.
In situ production of a synthetic barrier dressing for burn wounds in rats (1975)

We describe the in situ production of a burn wound dressing applied to eschar that completely isolates burned tissue from contamination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anesthetized, adult rats were subjected to a scald burn over 10% of their body surfaces. One-half hour later a test dressing presumed to be a barrier to bacterial contamination of the wound was applied to the burned surface. Tannic acid, vaseline, ethyl linoleate, collodion, and polyhydroxethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) were evaluated. Each agent was applied directly to the burned surface. A solid film of the PHEMA was produced on the eschar by addition of solvent and a powdered form of the polymer. The surface of each synthetic dressing was contaminated 30 min after application by the addition of 10(8) P. aeruginosa. Also, a control set of rats was burned and their eschars were directly contaminated without application of the test dressing. Seven days later the contaminated muscle under the burned area in 10 control rats had P. aeruginosa counts of 10(7) to 10(8) per g of muscle (wet weight). Of the materials tested, only PHEMA consistently acted as an effective barrier dressing, reducing bacteria in the muscle to undetectable levels in 11 of 14 tests. It was also possible to treat contaminated eschar through this synthetic dressing by topical application of antibiotics to the barrier surface. The results suggest a novel clinical approach in which a barrier dressing could be used to isolate a burn eschar from environmental and subject contamination until the wound site is ready for grafting.
Indoxyl sulfate and progression of renal failure: effects of a low-protein diet and oral sorbent on indoxyl sulfate production in uremic rats and undialyzed uremic patients. (1997)

We have previously demonstrated that indoxyl sulfate is a stimulating factor for the progression of glomerular sclerosis in uremic rats. In this study we determined if a low-protein diet or oral sorbent (AST-120) could reduce the serum and urine levels of indoxyl sulfate in 5/6-nephrectomized uremic rats and undialyzed uremic patients. The uremic rats were treated by fasting or AST-120 for 2 days. The serum and urine levels of indoxyl sulfate dramatically decreased 1-2 days after fasting or AST-120 treatment. We then measured the serum and urine levels of indoxyl sulfate and calculated protein intake from urinary amounts of urea nitrogen using Maroni's equation in 80 undialyzed uremic patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min. The serum and urine levels of indoxyl sulfate were significantly lower in the patients on a low-protein diet than in those in the normal-protein diet group. Administration of AST-120 significantly decreased serum and urine levels of indoxyl sulfate in 22 undialyzed uremic patients. In conclusion, a low-protein diet or AST-120 reduced the serum and urine levels of indoxyl sulfate, a stimulating factor for glomerular sclerosis, in both uremic rats and undialyzed uremic patients.
Improved Crosstalk Reduction on Multiview 3D Display by Using BILS Algorithm (2014)

In multiview three-dimensional (3D) displays, crosstalk is one of the most annoying artefacts degrading the quality of the 3D image. In this paper, we present a system-introduced crosstalk measurement method and derive an improved crosstalk reduction method. The proposed measurement method is applied to measure the exact crosstalk among subpixels corresponding to different view images and the obtained results are very effective for crosstalk reduction method. Furthermore, an improved crosstalk reduction method is proposed to alleviate crosstalk by searching for the optimal integral intensity values of subpixels on the synthetic image. The derived algorithm based on modified Schnorr-Euchner strategy is implemented to seek the optimal solution to this box-constrained integer least squares (BILS) problem, such that the Euclidean distance between solution and its target decreases substantially. The method we develop is applicable to both multiview 3D parallax barrier displays and multiview 3D lenticular displays. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that the derived method is capable of improving 3D image quality more effectively than the existing method on multiview 3D displays.
Association of M235T variant of the angiotensinogen gene with familial hypertension of early onset (1995)

A higher frequency of a variant of the angiotensinogen gene characterized by a transition in exon 2 causing a replacement of methionine by threonine (M235T) has recently been found in hypertensive individuals, but not all authors were able to confirm this observation. We examined (i) 219 patients with primary hypertension, (ii) 92 normotensive controls (spouses), and (iii) a sample of the general population (blood donors, n = 139). Analysis of genomic DNA was performed by PCR amplification and alleles were separated on agarose gels. In the general population and in normotensive spouses the respective frequencies of the T and M alleles were: general population: M = 0.6, T = 0.4; normotensive spouses: M = 0.59, T = 0.41. A significantly higher frequency of the 235T allele was found in hypertensive individuals with a family history of hypertension and an onset of hypertension before 50 years of age (spouses: 0.41 versus HT with age of onset < or = 50 years and family history of HT: 0.56; P = 0.01 by chi 2). In conclusion, the present study confirms the observation of a higher frequency of the 235T allele of the angiotensinogen gene in hypertension and identifies individuals with family history and early onset of hypertension as individuals at risk.
A theoretical description of Fourier domain mode locked lasers (2009)

The first theoretical model of Fourier domain mode locking operation is presented. A specially tailored dynamic equation in a moving spectral reference frame is derived, enabling efficient numerical treatment, despite the broad laser spectrum and the extremely long cavity. The excellent agreement of the presented theory with experiment over a wide range of operation parameters enables a quantitative assessment of the relevant physical effects, such as the spectral loss modulation and gain saturation dynamics, amplified spontaneous emission, linewidth enhancement, and self-phase modulation.
Plasma concentration of human adrenomedullin in patients on hemodialysis. (1995)

To investigate a possible pathophysiological role of human adrenomedullin (AM), we measured the plasma concentration of immunoreactive-AM (ir-AM) in 38 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) and 38 healthy subjects (age and sex matched). In addition, plasma ir-AM was characterized by a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The mean value (+/- SEM) of plasma AM in the patients before HD (10.1 +/- 0.67 fmol/ml) was markedly higher than that in the control group (2.9 +/- 0.13 fmol/ml, p < 0.001), but plasma AM levels were not altered by HD. There was a significant correlation between plasma AM levels and mean blood pressure (MBP) in a group of subjects including both patients before HD and healthy subjects (p < 0.01). In chromatographic study, the major peak of ir-AM in the plasma from patients on HD, as well as healthy subjects, emerged at an elution time identical to that of synthetic AM, indicating that the active form of AM was present in the circulating blood. The secretion of AM seemed to be increased in response to the conditions elicited by ESRD such as hypervolemia and/or hypertension, and reduced renal excretion of the peptide may also contribute to its high plasma level.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Nanostructured Cerium Oxide (2010)

Cerium oxide (ceria, CeO2-x where x is 0 to 0.5) has been one of the most widely used heterogeneous catalysts particularly in three way catalytic converters. Most of the catalytic traits can be attributed to two properties of ceria: first, the high mobility and storage capacity of oxygen within the lattice; second, the ease with which cerium changes between Ce3+ and Ce4+ states. These properties, combined with the abundance of cerium on earth, make ceria a low-cost highly effective alternative to noble metal catalysts. Recent research has been focused on the nanoscale properties of ceria. The effect on the catalytic activity of cerium oxide caused by varying the density of oxygen vacancy defects (OVD) has not been previously studied experimentally. This is due to the perceived inability to engineer stable defects not attributed to the presence of dopant atoms. It was found that the number of stable OVDs on cerium oxide nanoparticles and nanotubes can be increased with annealing at elevated temperatures under low pressure. The oxidative catalytic activity of these nanostructured catalysts was evaluated. Samples with higher densities of OVD were found to have much lower light-off temperatures when compared to that of their bulk counterpart. The chemical equilibrium reactions on the catalysts surface under low pressure were hypothesized to explain the unusual increase in the OVD density of the reported cerium oxide nanostructured catalysts. Cerium oxide is well known to exfoliate from the surface of cerium metal in the same way that rust exfoliates from iron or steel. A two-step process to fabricate nanoporous ceria membranes via anodization and subsequent calcinations is reported. These membranes have the potential to be used in solid oxide fuel cells and solid-state oxygen sensors. Cerium metal foil was first anodized into adherent porous cerium hydroxide film, followed by calcination for conversion into ceria membranes. These membranes are composed of ribbon-like structures that form the backbone of the porous framework. A proposed anodization model for the growth of the nanoribbons is discussed. Adviser Chin Li Cheung
A fully integrated 8-channel closed-loop neural-prosthetic SoC for real-time epileptic seizure control (2013)

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Around 1% of the world's population is affected, and nearly 25% of the patients cannot be treated by available therapies. Recently, seizure-triggered feedback electrical stimulation has been proved to effectively suppress pathological brain activities [1], but devices with accurate detection and effective stimulation for real-time seizure control are still unavailable. In this paper, a fully integrated 8-channel closed-loop seizure-control SoC with entropy-and-spectrum-aided seizure detection and adaptive neural stimulation is presented. This chip is powered wirelessly, aiming for implantable devices. The functionality of the fabricated chip is verified in animal tests.