gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seeded semibatch emulsion polymerization of <i>n</i>‐butyl acrylate: Effect of the seed properties (2002)

The effect of the properties of the seed (molecular weight and gel content) on the kinetics and structural properties of the polymer produced by seeded semibatch emulsion polymerization of n-butyl acrylate with potassium persulfate as an initiator at 75 °C was studied. The amount of gel and the molecular weights formed in the process were independent of the initial gel contents present in the seed because the instantaneous generation rate of gel polymer is independent of the gel already present in the polymer particles. On the other hand, when the initial molecular weight of the seed was varied, the fraction of gel and the molecular weights formed were partially affected. A comparison between the experimental and model prediction results is also presented.
[Changes in nursing professional commitment among junior college graduates]. (2001)

The purposes of this longitudinal study were to understand the changes in professional commitment from nursing students before graduation to registered nurses one year and two years after their graduation, and to find the relationship among these changes, work backgrounds and organizational satisfaction. The sample consisted of 890 junior college graduates. The Nursing Professional Commitment Scale was used for data collection at the first and the second test, while work backgrounds and organizational satisfaction were included at the third test. The data were analyzed by using percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation and repeated measure ANOVA statistical methods. The results showed that: (1) The average scores of the three tests were 2.96, 2.84 and 2.79, with a full point scale of 4. (2) There were positive correlations among the three tests of professional commitments; also, positive correlation was shown between organizational satisfaction and professional commitment on the third test. (3) The scores for overall nursing professional commitment decreased significantly one year after graduation, but there was no significant changes from one year to two years after graduation. (4) There was a significant relationship between the changes in professional commitment and grades of hospital, but no significant relationship with job category or work unit. (5) Organizational satisfaction influenced the decrease in professional commitment from nursing students before graduation to two years after graduation; it also changed professional commitment from one to two years after graduation significantly. The author suggests that nursing educators and administrators should be concerned with changes in the professional commitment of nurses so as to increase nurses' organizational satisfaction.
Automated quantification of colonic crypt morphology using integrated microscopy and optical coherence tomography (2008)

Colonic crypt morphological patterns have shown a close correlation with histopathological diagnosis. Imaging technologies such as high-magnification chromoendoscopy and endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) are capable of visualizing crypt morphology in vivo. We have imaged colonic tissue in vitro to simulate high-magnification chromoendoscopy and endoscopic OCT and demonstrate quantification of morphological features of colonic crypts using automated image analysis. 2-D microscopic images with methylene blue staining and correlated 3-D OCT volumes were segmented using marker-based watershed segmentation. 2-D and 3-D crypt morphological features were quantified. The accuracy of segmentation was validated, and measured features are in agreement with known crypt morphology. This work can enable studies to determine the clinical utility of high-magnification chromoendoscopy and endoscopic OCT, as well as studies to evaluate crypt morphology as a biomarker for colonic disease progression.
VERSE‐guided numerical RF pulse design: A fast method for peak RF power control (2011)

In parallel excitation, the computational speed of numerical radiofrequency (RF) pulse design methods is critical when subject dependencies and system nonidealities need to be incorporated on-the-fly. One important concern with optimization-based methods is high peak RF power exceeding hardware or safety limits. Hence, online controllability of the peak RF power is essential. Variable-rate selective excitation pulse reshaping is ideally suited to this problem due to its simplicity and low computational cost. In this work, we first improve the fidelity of variable-rate selective excitation implementation for discrete-time waveforms through waveform oversampling such that variable-rate selective excitation can be robustly applied to numerically designed RF pulses. Then, a variable-rate selective excitation-guided numerical RF pulse design is suggested as an online RF pulse design framework, aiming to simultaneously control peak RF power and compensate for off-resonance.
Some results on the nature of a 2-dimensional filter function possessing certain symmetry in its magnitude response (1978)

Constraints on analogue and digital two-dimensional filter functions so that they possess various symmetries like quadrantal symmetry and circular symmetry in their magnitude responses are derived. An ideal circularly symmetric separable magnitude squared function is obtained. Approximation of the ideal function in analogue and digital domain is carried out and the contour plots of the responses of the resulting functions show that they are very nearly circularly symmetric.
RIP1 inhibition blocks inflammatory diseases but not tumor growth or metastases (2019)

The kinase RIP1 acts in multiple signaling pathways to regulate inflammatory responses and it can trigger both apoptosis and necroptosis. Its kinase activity has been implicated in a range of inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and oncogenic diseases. Here, we explore the effect of inhibiting RIP1 genetically, using knock-in mice that express catalytically inactive RIP1 D138N, or pharmacologically, using the murine-potent inhibitor GNE684. Inhibition of RIP1 reduced collagen antibody-induced arthritis, and prevented skin inflammation caused by mutation of Sharpin, or colitis caused by deletion of Nemo from intestinal epithelial cells. Conversely, inhibition of RIP1 had no effect on tumor growth or survival in pancreatic tumor models driven by mutant Kras, nor did it reduce lung metastases in a B16 melanoma model. Collectively, our data emphasize a role for the kinase activity of RIP1 in certain inflammatory disease models, but question its relevance to tumor progression and metastases.
Fear-type emotion recognition and abnormal events detection for an audio-based surveillance system (2008)

The goal of our research work is to carry out an audio-based abnormal situation diagnosis system for the SERKET project which aims at developing surveillance systems dealing with dispersed data coming from heterogeneous sensors. We look at things from the point of view of human life protection in the context of civil safety. Therefore, we focus on abnormal situations during which human life is threatened (psychological and physical attack). The proposed system relies on information conveyed by both speech and non-speech acoustic manifestations to generate alerts. More precisely, our audio module can be divided into two sub-modules. The first one concerns the abnormal event detection system that is illustrated here in the case of gun-shot. The second one focuses on information conveyed by the emotional content of speech. Such information is useful for decoding human behaviour in abnormal situations and so provides a situation diagnosis. More precisely the targeted emotions are fear-type emotions corresponding to symptomatic emotions occurring when the matter of survival is raised, including the different fear-related emotional states from worry to panic. At the last stage of its development, this work would propose a surveillance system plugged into a real control room. Thus, we proposed here a mock-up to illustrate the running of these two systems.
The 9-decalyl and related cations. V. Generation of <i>cis</i> - and <i>trans</i> -2-t-Butyl-9-decalyl cations through π-routes by acetolysis (1978)

The synthesis and solvolytic behaviour (in buffered acetic acid) of 4- (5?-t-butylcyclohex-1'-enyl)but-1-yl p-nitrobenzenesulfonate (6) and 3- (cyclohex-1'-enylmethyl)-4,4-dimethylpentyl p-nitrobenzene-sulfonate (7) are described. Kinetic and product studies have shown that p-bond participation occurs in the acetolysis of both compounds. The rate enhancements, compared with saturated analogues, are c. 46 and 8290 for (6) and (7). The considerably greater rate enhancement observed for (7) is a manifestation of the 'gem-dialkyl' effect and is explained in terms of the effect of the t-butyl group on the conformations that the side chain might adopt. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The acetolyses of (6) and (7) give rise to cyclized products (c. 97 and 100%) arising from both cis- and trans-2-t-butyl-9-decalyl cations (2) and (3). The compositions of the products, which also include compounds formed from the cis-cation (55) obtained by a 1,2-hydride shift in (2), show that (6) and (7) do not react via the same cationic species. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ion-pairs of an undefined nature are implicated in the reactions. Entirely consistent evidence was not obtained for the hypothesis that the counter-ion, behaving as a base, probably plays a significant role in olefin formation from the cis- and trans-cations (2) and (3) in ion- pairs that might be formed initially from (6) and (7).
New Poly(ethylene oxide)−Clay Composites (2003)

This paper reports a new mechanism for the formation of clay intercalates containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). This mechanism permits formation of a two-dimensional PEO crystal phase. Under acidic conditions, polymer adsorption occurs through an ion-exchange process that is mediated by oxonium cation formation. A single phase exhibiting a plateau in the d001 reflections of 19 Å is formed at a polymer/clay stoichiometry of 0.5 g/g. This two-dimensional PEO crystal phase has a higher melting temperature than its three-dimensional counterpart because it is confined within the clay galleries. Unlike previously reported methods for forming PEO/clay intercalates, oxonium ion exchange produces structures whose basal spacings increase with increasing polymer molecular weight.
Molecular mechanisms of action and prediction of response to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells (2004)

The platinum compound oxaliplatin has been shown to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of oxaliplatin to identify means of predicting response to this agent. Exposure of colon cancer cells to oxaliplatin resulted in G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that the apoptotic cascade initiated by oxaliplatin is characterised by translocation of Bax to the mitochondria and cytochrome c release into the cytosol. Oxaliplatin treatment resulted in caspase 3 activation and oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis was abrogated by inhibition of caspase activity with z-VAD-fmk, but was independent of Fas/FasL association. Targeted inactivation of Bax or p53 in HCT116 cells resulted in significantly increased resistance to oxaliplatin. However, the mutational status of p53 was unable to predict response to oxaliplatin in a panel of 30 different colorectal cancer cell lines. In contrast, the expression profile of these 30 cell lines, assessed using a 9216-sequence cDNA microarray, successfully predicted the apoptotic response to oxaliplatin. A leave-one-out cross-validation approach was used to demonstrate a significant correlation between experimentally observed and expression profile predicted apoptosis in response to clinically achievable doses of oxaliplatin (R=0.53; P=0.002). In addition, these microarray experiments identified several genes involved in control of apoptosis and DNA damage repair that were significantly correlated with response to oxaliplatin.
Supervised word mover's distance (2016)

Recently, a new document metric called the word mover's distance (WMD) has been proposed with unprecedented results on kNN-based document classification. The WMD elevates high-quality word embeddings to a document metric by formulating the distance between two documents as an optimal transport problem between the embedded words. However, the document distances are entirely un-supervised and lack a mechanism to incorporate supervision when available. In this paper we propose an efficient technique to learn a supervised metric, which we call the Supervised-WMD (S-WMD) metric. The supervised training minimizes the stochastic leave-one-out nearest neighbor classification error on a per-document level by updating an affine transformation of the underlying word embedding space and a word-imporance weight vector. As the gradient of the original WMD distance would result in an inefficient nested optimization problem, we provide an arbitrarily close approximation that results in a practical and efficient update rule. We evaluate S-WMD on eight real-world text classification tasks on which it consistently outperforms almost all of our 26 competitive baselines.
The regioselectivity of the formation of dihydro- and tetrahydrocarbazoles by the Fischer indole synthesis (1982)

The cyclohexanone 3 and the cyclohexenone 13 have been prepared, converted to their phenylhydrazones, and subjected to the Fischer indole synthesis under conditions ranging from 7% to 60% sulfuric acid in methanol. The tetrahydrocarbazoles 4 and 5 were isolated in a 2:1 ratio in the sequence starting from 3 and no significant variation in the ratio was observed through the range of conditions used. In the sequence starting with 13, the dihydrocarbazoles 14 and 15 were isolated in a 1:1 ratio when 7% or 15% sulfuric acid was used; when more concentrated acid was used, normal Fischer products were not obtained but some transformation products were isolated from the complex mixture of products obtained. The observed regioselectivity of these reactions is not predicted from mechanistic considerations, and no mechanistic explanation for the results is apparent. As part of the proof of structure of 4 and 14, their N-benzyl derivatives were prepared from 1-benzyl-2-vinylindole by Diels–Alder reactions.
Mitochondrial Cyclic AMP Response Element-binding Protein (CREB) Mediates Mitochondrial Gene Expression and Neuronal Survival (2005)

Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is a widely expressed transcription factor whose role in neuronal protection is now well established. Here we report that CREB is present in the mitochondrial matrix of neurons and that it binds directly to cyclic AMP response elements (CREs) found within the mitochondrial genome. Disruption of CREB activity in the mitochondria decreases the expression of a subset of mitochondrial genes, including the ND5 subunit of complex I, down-regulates complex I-dependent mitochondrial respiration, and increases susceptibility to 3-nitropropionic acid, a mitochondrial toxin that induces a clinical and pathological phenotype similar to Huntington disease. These results demonstrate that regulation of mitochondrial gene expression by mitochondrial CREB, in part, underlies the protective effects of CREB and raise the possibility that decreased mitochondrial CREB activity contributes to the mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal loss associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
Inhibition and axial deviation of limb regeneration in the newt by means of a digit implanted into the amputated limb (1977)

This research was designed to follow up the observation of Thornton and Kraemer ('51) that regressed, denervated limbs of Ambystoma larvae will not regenerate upon reinnervation if all digits on the limbs were not completely resorbed. The object of this experiment was to determine whether the presence of an apical structure, protruding past the amputation surface, would affect the regenerative process. Both forearms of adult newts were amputated midway between the elbow and the wrist. One limb served as a normal regeneration control, and in the other limb the third digit from the removed hand was implanted in place of the removed radius, so that the three distal phalangeal segments protruded past the plane of amputation. Blastema formation in the experimental limbs was delayed by several weeks as compared with control limbs. Approximately one third of the experimental limbs did not regenerate. The regenerates that did form were strongly deviated (45-90 degrees) radially from the longitudinal axis of the limb. Experimental analysis showed that the delay in regeneration is due largely to the projecting part of the digit. The radial deviation of the regenerates is not due to the digital implant, but rather to the removal of the radius. Trauma alone does not account for this phenomenon.
Rotational field TMS: Comparison with conventional TMS based on motor evoked potentials and thresholds in the hand and leg motor cortices (2020)

rfTMS induces stronger physiologic effects in targeted brain regions at significantly lower intensities. Importantly, given the activation of a much larger population of neurons within a certain brain area, repeated application of rfTMS may induce different neuroplastic effects in neural networks, opening novel research and clinical opportunities.
The study of indocyanine green on rabbit lens epithelial cells proliferation (2014)

Objective To study the effects of indocyanine green (ICG) on rabbit lens epithelial cells(RLECs)proliferation by in vitro culture,and to investigate the safety and reliability of the technology of staining the lens capsular with ICG during cataract surgery.Methods RLECs were cultured in vitro.The effects of ICG at different concentrations on proliferation of RLECs in vitro at 24h,48h,72h was measured with MTT staining colorimetric method and cell count technique.The morphological of RLECs changes were observed with light microscope.Results The result of MTT showed that ICG at the concentration of 0.5％ and 1％ can significantly promote the RLECs proliferation at the time of 24h(P ＜0.05).At 48h and 72h the effects of the proliferation on RLECs of ICG at all of the experimental concentrations were significant (P ＜0.05).At the same time the effects of proliferation were depended on concentrations (P ＜0.05).The result of cell count technique at 24h was consistent to that of MTT.With the prolongation of the time the adhesion of the RLECs was significantly increased,the RLEcs could not be separated,so the cell count could not be implemented at 48h and 72h.Conclusions ICG can promote the RLECs proliferation in vitro,and can contribute to the posterior capsular opacification by this way.In order to decrease the occurrence of PCO,ICG should be carefully used during the cataract surgery.

Key words: 
ICG;  RLECs;  Rabbit;  Cell culture
Data base security: requirements, policies, and models (1980)

We have indicated some of the wide range of security policies an enterprise may wish to implement, and we have described models that could be used in designing a data base systemfl exible enough to support many of those security policies. Additionally, we have shown how models can be used for the formal specification of data base access rules and in comparing the security features of existing data base systems.
High-Performance DRAM System Design Constraints and Considerations (2010)

The effects of a realistic memory system have not received much attention in recent decades. Often, the memory controller and DRAMs are modeled as a fixed-latency or random-latency system, which leads to simulations that are less accurate. As more cores are added to each die and CPU clock rates continue to outpace memory access times, the gap will only grow wider and simulation results will be less accurate. This thesis proposes to look at the way a memory controller and DRAM system work and attempt to model them accurately in a simulator. It will use a simulated Alpha 21264 processor in conjunction with a full system simulator and memory system simulator. Various SPEC06 benchmarks are used to look at runtimes. The process of mapping a memory location to a physical location, the algorithm for choosing the ordering of commands to be sent to the DRAMs and the method of managing the row buffers are examined in detail. We find that the choice in these algorithms and policies can affect application runtime by up to 200% or more. It is also shown that energy use can vary by up to 300% by changing the address mapping policy. These results show that it is important to look at all the available policies to optimize the memory system for the type of workload that a machine will be running. No single policy is best for every application, so it is important to understand the interaction of the application and the memory system to improve performance and reduce the energy consumed.
Secretases as therapeutic targets in Alzheimer’s disease: patents 2000 – 2004 (2004)

AbstractThis article briefly reviews the biology of the secretase enzymes (α, β and γ) that metabolise the amyloid precursor protein, pathways that are believed to be central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Therapeutic patents claiming secretase inhibitors or modulators for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease published over the last 4 years are then considered. Although there are many claims, no agent has yet reached the clinical arena, and the paucity of data provided in the patents makes it difficult to predict which, if any, might do so.Keywordsα-secretaseβ-secretaseγ-secretaseAlzheimer’s diseaseamyloid peptideinhibitor
Long wavelength emitting GaInN quantum wells on metamorphic GaInN buffer layers with enlarged in-plane lattice parameter (2014)

Metamorphic (i.e., linear composition graded) GaInN buffer layers with an increased in-plane lattice parameter, grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, were used as templates for metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) grown GaInN/GaInN quantum wells (QWs), emitting in the green to red spectral region. A composition pulling effect was observed allowing considerable higher growth temperatures for the QWs for a given In composition. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the QWs was determined by temperature and excitation power density dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. An increase in IQE by a factor of two was found for green emitting QWs grown on metamorphic GaInN buffer compared to reference samples grown on standard GaN buffer layers. The ratio of room temperature to low temperature intensity PL of the red emitting QWs were found to be comparable to the PL efficiency of green emitting QWs, both grown on metamorphic GaInN buffers. The excitation density and well width dependence of the IQE indicate a reduction of the quantum confined Stark effect upon growth on GaInN buffer layers with increased in-plane lattice parameter.