gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The fine structure and functioning of tissue channels and lymphatics. (1980)

The fine structures of the tissue channels and the lymphatics are described. The two systems form part of the whole blood vascular-tissue channel-lymphatic complex. The fine functioning of this is very dependent on the structures of its individual components. In brief, the tissue-lymphatic system is a leaky swamp through which material flows due to the vagaries of adjacent pressure changes. It enters the lymphatics via holes in their walls: it is retained in them when the holes are closed.
Cloning and Expression of the mRNA of Human Galectin‐4, an S‐type Lectin Down‐Regulated in Colorectal Cancer (1997)

We are interested in the characterization of genes whose expressions in the colon are modified during colorectal carcinogenesis. Our approach was to establish the phenotype of a colon tumor by partial sequencing of a large number of transcripts, then to select mRNAs of potential interest by differential screening with complex probes from normal or cancerous colon. In this paper, we report the cloning and sequencing of a mRNA strongly underexpressed in colorectal cancer. It corresponded to a protein comprising 323 amino acids, that appeared to be human galectin-4 on the basis of 76% and 79% amino acid identity to the rat and pig counterparts, respectively. Tissue distribution analysis showed that its expression was restricted to the small intestine, colon and rectum. Galectin-4 expression was compared in tumor and normal adjacent colon of 19 patients. In 18 patients, the mRNA concentration was 1.5-50-times lower in the tumor. No significant correlation was observed between decreased expression of galectin-4 and the degree of differentiation of the tumor or Duke's state. These results suggest that decreased galectin-4 mRNA expression may be an early event in colon carcinogenesis. Among five cell lines derived from colon carcinoma, only two (HT29 and LS174T) expressed galectin-4 mRNA.
System Coding Parameters, Mechanics and Electro-Mechanics of the Reflective Video Disc Player (1976)

This paper presents considerations involved in the choice of a coding system for an optical video disc system. It thereby embraces the recording process, the optical stylus, the associted servo systems, and the disc properties. It is shown that a 30 minute high quality television program with two separate sound channels can be compressed to a 30cm diameter disc format while allowing adequate tolerances for all aspects of the signal processing.
A spectral-discrimination method for tear-film lipid-layer thickness estimation from fringe pattern images (2000)

Examination of the tear-film lipid layer is often helpful in the prognosis of prospective contact lens patients and contact lens related problems, and in the analysis of symptomatic noncontact lens-wearing patients. In particular, the thickness of the lipid layer is considered to be an informative cue in studying the tear-film stability and uncovering of certain disorders. We propose a method for the accurate estimation of the lipid-layer thickness, exploiting the intensity and color information in Fizeau fringe images. The technique is based on a quantitative measure for discriminating among the spectra associated with different thicknesses. We propose an optical system for imaging the interference patterns, develop a mathematical model based on the physics of the fringe formation and sensing, and describe the calibration of the optical system using this model. The thickness extraction is readily carried out utilizing a lookup table. The proposed method would enable objective evaluation of the lipid layer characteristics, and provide a means for examining the dynamic changes in its thickness and spatial distribution during inter-blink periods.
Advances in C–O Bond Transformations in Lignin-Derived Compounds for Biofuels Production (2011)

Renewable energy sources such as lignocellulosic biomass provide an attractive source of renewable carbon that can be sustainably converted into fuels and chemicals to allow for a reduction in the need for fossil fuels and a net reduction in the amount of CO2 emitted. This perspective highlights recent advances in catalyst development for the production of biofuels from lignin and lignin-derived model compounds. Recent reports have focused on the direct cleavage of C–O bonds through various catalytic processes including (i) zeolite upgrading, (ii) hydrodeoxygenation, (iii) multiple-step upgrading, and (iv) unsupported, organometallic catalysts for slurry processing. Results show progress toward the potential commercialization of biofuels technologies from lignocellulosic biomass resources.
Purification of the large mobilization protein of plasmid RSF1010 and characterization of its site‐specific DNA‐cleaving/DNA‐joining activity (1993)

A site-specific and strand-specific nick, introduced into the RSF1010 plasmid origin of transfer (oriT), initiates unidirectional DNA transfer during bacterial conjugation. We have previously reproduced this nicking at the duplex oriT in vitro using purified preparations of the three known RSF1010-mobilization proteins: MobA (78-kDa form of RSF1010 primase), MobB and MobC [Scherzinger, E., Lurz, R., Otto, S. & Dobrinski, B. (1992) Nucleic Acids Res. 20, 41-48]. In this study we report the purification of MobA to apparent homogeneity and demonstrate that this 78-kDa protein by itself is capable of creating the oriT-specific nick if the DNA is present in the single-stranded form. By studying the cleavage of sets of oligodeoxyribonucleotides varying successively by single nucleotides at the 5' or 3' end, the minimal substrate for cleavage has been defined. The results identify the MobA recognition sequence within the 11-residue oligonucleotide AAGTGCGC-CCT which is cleaved at the 3' side of the G at position 7. During the cleavage reaction, MobA becomes covalently linked to the 5'-phosphate end of each broken DNA molecule and retains its activity for the rejoining reaction. It can transfer the attached DNA to an incoming acceptor strand provided that the DNA molecule contains at its 3' end at least the seven nucleotides upstream of the nick site. The covalent MobA-DNA linkage has been determined by two-dimensional thin-layer electrophoresis to be a tyrosyl phosphate. Extensive digestion of the 32P-labeled MobA-oligonucleotide complex with lysine carboxypeptidase yielded a single DNA-bound peptide which was purified and sequenced. The resulting peptide sequence consists of amino acid residues at positions 22-30 in the MobA sequence and identifies Tyr24 as the residue linked to DNA in the covalent complex.
MET-IDEA:  Data Extraction Tool for Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics (2006)

A current and significant limitation to metabolomics is the large-scale, high-throughput conversion of raw chromatographically coupled mass spectrometry datasets into organized data matrices necessary for further statistical processing and data visualization. This article describes a new data extraction tool, MET-IDEA (Metabolomics Ion-based Data Extraction Algorithm) which surmounts this void. MET-IDEA is compatible with a diversity of chromatographically coupled mass spectrometry systems, generates an output similar to traditional quantification methods, utilizes the sensitivity and selectivity associated with selected ion quantification, and greatly reduces the time and effort necessary to obtain large-scale organized datasets by several orders of magnitude. The functionality of MET-IDEA is illustrated using metabolomics data obtained for elicited cell culture exudates from the model legume, Medicago truncatula. The results indicate that MET-IDEA is capable of rapidly extracting semiquantitative data from raw data files, which allows for more rapid biological insight. MET-IDEA is freely available to academic users upon request.
Word Image Matching Based on Hausdorff Distances (2009)

Hausdorff distance (HD) and its modifications provides one of the best approaches for matching of binary images. This paper proposes a formalism generalizing almost all of these HD based methods. Numerical experiments for searching words in binary text images are carried out with old Bulgarian typewritten text, printed Bulgarian Chrestomathy from 1884 and Slavonic manuscript from 1574.
Photoinitiated Coupling of Unmodified Monosaccharides to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Sensing Proteins and Bacteria (2009)

We report a versatile approach for the immobilization of unmodified monosaccharides onto iron oxide nanoparticles. Covalent coupling of the carbohydrate onto iron oxide nanoparticle surfaces was accomplished by the CH insertion reaction of photochemically activated phosphate-functionalized perfluorophenylazides (PFPAs), and the resulting glyconanoparticles were characterized by IR, TGA, and TEM. The surface-bound d-mannose showed the recognition ability toward Concanavalin A and Escherichia coli strain ORN178 that possesses mannose-specific receptor sites. Owing to the simplicity and versatility of the technique, together with the magnetic property of iron oxide nanoparticles, the methodology developed in this study serves as a general approach for the preparation of magnetic glyconanoparticles to be used in clinical diagnosis, sensing, and decontamination.
Chemical and structural investigation of the role of both Mn and Mn oxide in the formation of manganese silicate barrier layers on SiO2 (2011)

In this study, Mn silicate (MnSiO3) barrier layers were formed on thermally grown SiO2 using both metallic Mn and oxidized Mn films, in order to investigate the role of oxygen in determining the extent of the interaction between the deposited Mn and the SiO2 substrate. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it has been shown that a metallic Mn film with an approximate thickness of 1 nm cannot be fully converted to Mn silicate following vacuum annealing to 500 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis suggests the maximum MnSiO3 layer thickness obtainable using metallic Mn is ∼1.7 nm. In contrast, a ∼1 nm partially oxidized Mn film can be fully converted to Mn silicate following thermal annealing to 400 °C, forming a MnSiO3 layer with a measured thickness of 2.6 nm. TEM analysis also clearly shows that MnSiO3 growth results in a corresponding reduction in the SiO2 layer thickness. It has also been shown that a fully oxidized Mn oxide thin film can be converted to Mn silicate, in the absence of metallic Mn. Based on these results it is suggested that the presence of Mn oxide species at the Mn/SiO2 interface facilitates the conversion of SiO2 to MnSiO3, in agreement with previously published studies.
Strategy for Chemoprevention of Human Breast Cancer (1988)

My comments on chemoprevention derive from the milieu of the laboratory, clinic, and community levels rather than from the typical medical oncology approach which is quite different than the epidemiologic or public health approach.
Constant Envelope Bandlimited BPSK Signal (1980)

A modified BPSK modulation technique using premodulation filtering is presented. The modified BPSK modulator achieves a smooth phase transition from 0 to π rad by going through an intermediate value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\pi/2</tex> rad. The resultant PSK signal has a very low AM component, particularly suitable for data transmission through nonlinear channels. Experimental tests performed in a channel having a high degree of AM nonlinearity (AM-to-AM conversion), have shown that the modified BPSK signal, when passed through a hard-limiter, has a spectrum with greatly reduced spectral sidelobes compared to the conventional BPSK signal. The modified BPSK signal has spectral lines at the carrier frequency plus multiples of the signaling frequency, which in some cases might be useful for timing recovery in the demodulation process.
Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibits Postharvest Decay of Table Grapes (1991)

The potential use of vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) to prevent decay caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. in table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) was investigated. `Thompson Seedless' and `Red Globe' grapes, inoculated with Botrytis cinerea spores, were placed in polyethylene bags and flushed for 10 minutes with VPHP generated from a 30% to 35% solution of liquid hydrogen peroxide at 40C. Immediately after treatment, bags were sealed and held at 10C. Vapor phase hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced the number of terminable Botrytis spores on grapes. The number of terminable spores on `Thompson Seedless' and `Red Globe' grapes had been reduced 81% and 62%, respectively, 24 hours following treatment. The incidence of decay on inoculated `Thompson Seedless' and `Red Globe' grapes was reduced 33% and 16%, respectively, after 8 days of storage at 10C compared with control fruit. Vapor phase hydrogen peroxide reduced the decay of noninoculated `Thompson Seedless' and `Red Globe' grapes 73% and 28%, respectively, after 12 days of storage at 10C. Treatment with VPHP did not affect grape color or soluble solids content.
Confocal microscopic characterization of wound repair after photorefractive keratectomy. (1998)

Rabbit corneas treated by PRK showed a remarkable stromal wound-healing response that ultimately led to the restoration of the original stromal thickness by 6 months after surgery, demonstrating complete regression of the initial photoablative effect. Additionally, corneal wound healing was associated with increased light reflections from both the photoablated stromal surface and the activated wound-healing keratocytes underlying this area. Based on these findings, the authors hypothesize that the development of clinically observed corneal haze in PRK patients may be related, in part, to activation of corneal keratocytes and to putative changes in the extracellular matrix.
Using Nanotechnology to Detect Nerve Agents (2011)

Abstract : Nanotechnology has opened a wide range of opportunities having potential impacts in areas as diverse as medicine and consumer products. In collaboration with researchers at the University of Toledo (UT), Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) scientists are exploring the possibility of using a nanoscale organic matrix to detect organophosphate (OP) nerve agents. Current techniques for detecting OP compounds are expensive and time consuming. Developing a nanoscale organic matrix sensor would allow for direct, realtime sensing under field conditions. This article describes the science behind such a sensor and its possible applications. High-performance sensors are needed to protect Soldiers and civilians from attack. At present, doctrine requires Air Force units to resume their primary mission within two hours of a chemical or biological strike.1 Meeting the two-hour operational goal may mean the difference between defeat and victory. However, OP detection capabilities now in place are limited in sensitivity, time required to operate, and ease of use, making the specified two-hour window difficult to meet.
The analysis of a new class of unbalanced CAST ciphers (2002)

The original CAST cipher is an efficient and secure private key block cipher designed to be an alternative to DES. We present a new class of unbalanced CAST ciphers which employ the same structure of S box and round function as the original CAST cipher but has a lower memory requirement. Furthermore, we investigate the security of the ciphers with respect to differential and linear cryptanalysis. The result of analysis shows that unbalanced CAST ciphers with appropriate parameters are resistant to differential and linear cryptanalysis.
Regulation of retrotransposition in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1991)

Retrotransposons are a widely distributed group of eukaryotic mobile genetic elements that transpose through an RNA intermediate. The element Ty (Transposon yeast), found in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a model system for the study of retrotransposons because of the experimental tools that exist to manipulate and detect transposition. Ty transposition can be elevated to levels exceeding one transposition event per cell when an element is expressed from an inducible yeast promoter. In addition, individual genomic Ty elements can be tagged with a retrotransposition indicator gene that allows transposition events occurring at a rate of 10(-5) to 10(-7) per element per cell division to be detected phenotypically. These systems are being used to elucidate the mechanism of Ty transposition and clarify how Ty transposition is controlled.
A Reconfigurable Software Distribution Framework for Smart Living Environments (2007)

The increasing complexity of software distribution systems, has led two issues of concern for those dealing with management needs in smart living environments. The first is the challenge of integrating basic functions of software distribution with specific domain needs. The second is the difficulty of integrating systems across platform boundaries. This paper proposes a software distribution management system (SDMS), which is essentially a service-oriented mechanism to support distribution process changes when needed. In addition, this study uses a service-oriented software engineering (SOSE) development methodology for designing and building of a service oriented architecture (SOA) SDMS. Finally, the service identification result and monitoring methodology of the SDMS has also presented in this paper.
Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococci from Human Skin I. Amended Descriptions of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Descriptions of Three New Species: Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus xylosus (1975)

Staphylococci were isolated from human skin and subjected to a taxonomic study. As a result of this study, three new species are being proposed in this paper: Staphylococcus cohnii, S. haemolyticus, and S. xylosus. The type strains of these species are DSM (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen) 20260, DSM 20263, and DSM 20266, respectively. Amended descriptions of S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus are also given. The main characters for the distinction of staphylococci and micrococci are mentioned. Staphylococci were classified on the basis of cell wall composition, lactic acid configuration, and a variety of morphological and physiological characters. There are some key differential characters of these species which can be determined by simple laboratory procedures. The failure to ferment trehalose and mannitol is typical for S. epidermidis. The fermentation of xylose and/or arabinose is a characteristic of S. xylosus. The failure to ferment sucrose and turanose is typical for S. cohnii. Strains of S. saprophyticus do not reduce nitrate, but most of them produce acetylmethylcarbinol and ferment xylitol. S. haemolyticus is usually hemolysis positive, like S. aureus, but it does not produce coagulase, does not have strong phosphatase and deoxy-ribonuclease activities, and does not ferment mannose.
Fetal heart-rate variability response to uterine contractions during labour and delivery (2012)

Using cardiotocography data from labour and delivery, the objective of this study was to decompose fetal-heart rate variability (fHRV) based on auto-regressive power spectral density analysis into a quiescent component un-related to contraction and a peak component response to contraction. During the last 3 hours of labour and delivery, this ap-proach discriminated between normal and pathological fe-tuses in 15 of 18 epochs for the movement frequency (MF, 150-500mHz) peak component and 11 of 18 epochs for the low frequency (LF, 30-150mHz) peak component, and in all epochs of the quiescent components. These results were superior to previous results based on a longer time window that did not differentiate between contraction and non-contraction intervals. They are also very promising for the improved detection of fetal distress related to hypoxia. 1.
Role of the Q-tip test in evaluating stress urinary incontinence. (1987)

The Q-tip test was applied on 105 patients. Fifty-one had stress urinary incontinency (SUI), 28 had bladder instability by clinical and urodynamic criteria, and 36 had mild or moderate pelvic relaxation without urinary pathology. More than 90% of the patients with SUI and no previous surgery had a positive Q-tip test, with 90% test sensitivity in this group. More than one-third of the patients with bladder instability and almost one-half of the patients with pelvic relaxation and no urinary incontinence had a positive Q-tip test, for low test specificity. The Q-tip test is a simple clinical tool for diagnosing pelvic relaxation, which at times leads to SUI. Almost all patients with primary SUI have pelvic relaxation. The Q-tip test alone does not stand as a diagnostic test. When it is positive, the diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence is possible although not absolute. A negative test should cause one to question the diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence, and sophisticated and more expensive tests should be ordered before establishing a final diagnosis.
Ytterbium monolayer diffusion barriers at Hg1−<i>x</i>Cd<i>x</i>Te/Al junctions (1988)

Single layers of Yb at the Hg1−xCdxTe(110) interface prevent Al-Te reaction and dramatically increase the Hg concentration at the interface. Synchrotron radiation photoemission studies of the interface as a function of Al deposition show a two orders of magnitude increase in the Hg/Te core intensity ratio as a result of the interlayer-induced change in atomic interdiffusion. Calculations of thermodynamic parameters following a semiempirical alloying model suggest that other rare earths should also act as effective diffusion barriers at mercury-cadmium-telluride/reactive metal junctions.
A low-power, small-area and programmable bandgap reference (2012)

In this paper, we present a low-power, small-area and programmable bandgap reference, based on the reverse bandgap reference concept. It is implemented in a 65nm digital CMOS process with 1.2V power supply. It employs two switched capacitor amplifiers to weight temperature dependent voltages with opposite polarity. Programmability is achieved by adjusting a closed-loop gain of these two amplifiers. The implemented BGR generates three reference voltages, such as 0.591V (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF1</sub> ), 0.872V (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF2</sub> ) and 1.189V (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF3</sub> ). In simulation, with ±10% supply voltage variation, the temperature coefficient (TC) of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF1</sub> , V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF2</sub> and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF3</sub> is less than 43ppm/°C, 28ppm/°C and 33ppm/°C, respectivley, in the temperature range from -40°C to 100°C. The average power consumption is less than 40μW for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF1</sub> , 60μW for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF2</sub> and 110μW for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF3</sub> . The layout area (excluding bonding pads) is 200μm by 190μm.