gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technological change and industrial development : issues and opportunities (1983)

This paper discusses the importance of technological change in industrial development, issues on which further study is required, and directions for operational programs that could be effective in raising the level of technical capabilities in LDCs. It defines technological change as the provision of new information or knowledge that is used effectively in industrial operations, including management and labour, and has measurable effects on costs, product qualities, level of output, or sales. The first part of the paper considers principal issues in the relationship of technological change to growth and the substitution possibilities among factors, notably capital and labor. Part two contains discussions concerning programs that are under way, with particular reference to the experience with several kinds of specific projects that are being implemented, particularly in the engineering or capital goods industries. This part also contains suggestions of ways of extending operations, revising policies and institutional arrangements, and making them more effective in promoting technological capabilities in industry.
Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry1 (2007)

This article summarizes the experimental knowledge on efficacy, possible modes of action, and aspects of application of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. Phytogenic feed additives comprise a wide variety of herbs, spices, and products derived thereof, and are mainly essential oils. The assumption that phytogenic compounds might improve the palatability of feed has not yet been confirmed by choice-feeding studies. Although numerous studies have demonstrated antioxidative and antimicrobial efficacy in vitro, respective experimental in vivo evidence is still quite limited. The same applies to the supposition that phytogenic compounds may specifically enhance activities of digestive enzymes and nutrient absorption. Nevertheless, a limited number of experimental comparisons of phytogenic feed additives with antibiotics and organic acids have suggested similar effects on the gut, such as reduced bacterial colony counts, fewer fermentation products (including ammonia and biogenic amines), less activity of the gut-associated lymphatic system, and a greater prececal nutrient digestion, probably reflecting an overall improved gut equilibrium. In addition, some phytogenic compounds seem to promote intestinal mucus production. Such effects may explain a considerable number of practical studies with swine and poultry reporting improved production performance after providing phytogenic feed additives. In total, available evidence indicates that phytogenic feed additives may add to the set of nonantibiotic growth promoters for use in livestock, such as organic acids and probiotics. However, a systematic approach toward the efficacy and safety of phytogenic compounds used as feed additives for swine and poultry is still missing.
Concept for a super-clean super-efficient pressurized fluidized-bed combustion system (1994)

A paper study for a highly efficient, environmentally benign, coal-fired electric power generation system, is presented. This system falls in the category of pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) systems which has been dubbed super-clean super-efficient PFBC`s. The system presented starts with the second-generation PFBC concept and adds on advanced gas turbine, a solid oxide fuel cell, a supercritical steam cycle, a second low-temperature rankine cycle which pulls energy from the steam condenser, and inlet air cooling. The thermodynamic efficiency of the system is calculated to be 61.8 percent based on higher heating value (HHV).
Multiple sclerosis is associated with an imbalance between tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-<i>α</i>)- and IL-10-secreting blood cells that is corrected by interferon-beta (IFN-<i>β</i>) treatment (2000)

The up-regulated B cell responses detectable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the augmented myelin antigen-specific T cell responses observed in the CSF as well as systematically in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest the involvement of cytokines in disease development and perpetuation. Here we report on the parallel involvement of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma and IL-10 in MS and controls, using enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays to detect and enumerate cytokine-secreting mononuclear cells (MNC) prepared from blood and, for IL-6 and IL-10, from CSF without in vitro stimulation. MS is associated with elevated levels of TNF-alpha-secreting blood MNC when compared with levels in groups of control patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and other neurological diseases (OND) or healthy subjects. This elevation was confined to patients with untreated MS and not present in those examined during ongoing treatment with IFN-beta. Untreated patients with MS had lower numbers of IL-10-secreting blood MNC compared with the three control groups. In patients undergoing treatment with IFN-beta, numbers of IL-10-secreting cells were in the same range as in controls. Normalization of TNF-alpha from elevated, and of IL-10 from decreased levels could be one reason for the beneficial effects of IFN-beta in MS, although it remains to be shown whether these changes reflect phenomena primarily involved in MS pathogenesis or secondary changes. In CSF, levels of IL-10-secreting cells were higher than in blood in both MS and OND, with no difference between these groups. Systemic aberrations of IL-6 and IFN-gamma and of IL-6 in CSF in MS versus controls were only minor, irrespective of treatment with IFN-beta.
Pitch and timbre manipulations using cortical representation of sound (2003)

The sound receiver at the ears is processed by humans using signal processing that separate the signal along intensity, pitch and timbre dimensions. Conventional Fourier-based signal processing, while endowed with fast algorithms, is unable to easily represent signal along these attributes. In this paper we use a cortical representation to represent the manipulate sound. We briefly overview algorithms for obtaining, manipulating and inverting cortical representation of sound and describe algorithms for manipulating signal pitch and timbre separately. The algorithms are first used to create sound of an instrument between a guitar and a trumpet. Applications to creating maximally separable sounds in auditory user interfaces are discussed.
AXILLARY ODOR (1953)

AS FAR back as history records, man has been aware of a distinctively malodorous scent that may emanate from his axilla. Since the axilla is remarkable anatomically for the presence of the apocrine gland, the unique body odor of this area has been popularly ascribed to this structure. Furthermore, racial differences in body odor have been related to differences in number of apocrine glands seen in the various races.<sup>1</sup>The intense acridity of body odor sometimes noted under stress situations is thought to be the result of apocrine sweating. As a result of these speculations the apocrine gland has been thought of as a "scent gland," responding to emotional stimuli and thus performing the function of such similar glands in the lower mammalia. In studying the physiology of the apocrine gland<sup>2</sup>we have been impressed by the lack of appreciable odor in pure apocrine sweat as it
Direct Gravure Printing (DGP) Method for Printing Fine-Line Electrical Circuits on Ceramics (2004)

The tendency toward higher packing densities and higher frequencies for telecommunication devices based on ceramic technology requires smaller dimensions for electrical wiring. Electrical thick-film circuits for ceramic and LTCC-substrates have, up to now, been printed with screen printing, where the printing lines width limit is about 125 /spl mu/m in mass production. A silicone polymer direct gravure printing (Si-DGP) process has been developed to perform smaller dimensions, down to 20 /spl mu/m lines width, for electrical circuitry. In the DGP process, the conductor paste is doctored to the grooves of the gravure and then it is pressed against the substrate. The paste is, thus, printed directly onto the substrate from the patterned gravure. The results showed that, using the DGP process, it was possible to print conductor lines down to 20 /spl mu/m in width. It was also noted that a 100% transfer of paste from the grooves of the gravure could be obtained with commercial pastes using the silicone polymer gravure. A dried thickness of up to 28 /spl mu/m was measured for the narrowest lines. Also conductor lines printed by the Si-DGP method were embedded inside LTCC-module.
Perturbation for Open Analysis and Design Equations and Closed-Ring Microstrip Resonators (1984)

Simple closed-form expressions for the resonant frequency and electromagnetic field distribution for various modes of the open- and closed-ring microstrip resonators are derived by utilizing the perturbation analysis of the equivalent curved waveguide model. These results are shown to be in good agreement with the exactly computed values obtained by the solution of the eigenvalue equation for the equivalent waveguide model and the experimental data. The effect of gap capacitance on the eigenvalues of the open-ring resonator is also examined.
“Alumina” Surface Modification of Silicon Nitride for Colloidal Processing (1995)

Two different methods are used to coat silicon nitride particles with an alumina precursor to make Si 3 N 4 behave like Al 2 O 3 in aqueous slurries. The first method involves the precipitation of an aluminum hydroxycarbonate from dissolved Al(NO 3 ) 3 during the decomposition of urea. In the second method, dry silicon nitride powder is reacted with aluminum tri‐ sec ‐butoxide in hexane at room temperature. Both methods produce a coated powder in which the electrophoretic and rheological properties of aqueous slurries mimic those of alumina. When salt is added to slurries consisting of coated Si 3 N 4 powder, all rheological evidence suggests the presence of a short‐range repulsive potential that produces a weakly attractive particle network similar to that previously reported for Al 2 O 3 powder. Although electrophoretic and rheological data showed that the coated powder behaved like Al 2 O 3 , consolidation data indicated that slurries of coated powder with added salt did not pack to high density. In addition, these bodies were not plastic as found for bodies consolidated from dispersed and salt‐added Al 2 O 3 slurries.
Fluorescent Functional Recognition Sites through Molecular Imprinting. A Polymer-Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for Aqueous cAMP (1998)

A novel design for template-selective recognition sites in polymers prepared by molecular imprinting is reported. Molecular imprints were prepared against cAMP that contain a fluorescent dye, trans-4-[p-(N,N-dimethylamino)styryl]-N-vinylbenzylpyridinium chloride, as an integral part of the recognition cavity, thus serving as both the recognition element and the measuring element for the fluorescence detection of cAMP in aqueous media. This fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer displays a quenching of fluorescence in the presence of aqueous cAMP, whereas almost no effect is observed in the presence of the structurally similar molecule, cGMP. The association constant for the binding of cAMP to the imprinted polymer was determined to be in the order of 105 M-1. Such fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers containing selective sites for cAMP may find applications as fluorescent chemosensors for the aqueous detection of this molecule.
Electron-transfer and ligand-addition reactions of (TPP)CrClO4 and (TPP)Cr(NO) in nonaqueous media (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer and ligand-addition reactions of (TPP)CrClO4 and (TPP)Cr(NO) in nonaqueous mediaS. L. Kelly and K. M. KadishCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 6, 679–687Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00174a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00174a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Loss of Proliferation and Differentiation Capacity of Aged Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells and Rejuvenation by Exposure to the Young Extrinsic Environment (2009)

The application of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) may be effective for periodontal regenerative therapy. As tissue regenerative potential may be negatively regulated by aging, whether aging and its microenvironment modify human PDLSCs remains a question. In this study, we compared the proliferation and differentiation capacity of PDLSCs obtained from young and aged donors. Then, we exposed aged PDLSCs to young periodontal ligament cell-conditioned medium (PLC-CM), and young PDLSCs were exposed to aged PLC-CM. Morphological appearance, colony-forming assay, cell cycle analysis, osteogenic and adipogenic induction media, gene expression of cementoblast phenotype, and in vivo differentiation capacities of PDLSCs were evaluated. PDLSCs obtained from aged donors exhibited decreased proliferation and differentiation capacity when compared with those from young donors. Young PLC-CM enhanced the proliferation and differentiation capacity of PDLSCs from aged donors. Aged PDLSCs induced by young PLC-CM showed enhanced tissue-regenerative capacity to produce cementum/periodontal ligament-like structures, whereas young PDLSCs induced by aged PLC-CM transplants mainly formed connective tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first study to mimic the developmental microenvironment of PDLSCs in vitro, and our data suggest that age influences the proliferation and differentiation potential of human PDLSCs, and that the activity of human PDLSCs can be modulated by the extrinsic microenvironment.
Femtosecond operation and random quasi-phase-matched self-doubling of ceramic Cr:ZnSe laser (2010)

A 100-fs Cr:ZnSe laser, based on a ceramic active medium, generates 100 mW at 215 MHz repetition rate around 2450 nm. Co-propagating second-harmonic pulse at 1225 nm is simultaneously generated due to random quasi-phase-matching process.
Region-based guaranteed image quality in JPEG2000 (2004)

This paper describes a spatially variant method that optimises the compression rate within a given image dynamically depending on the application specific requirements and the actual image content. The concept utilises the JPEG2000 standard, however, a generalised region-of-interest (ROI) map is used in this paper together with a different post-compression rate distortion optimisation. The generalised ROI map comprises a multi-level priority scheme as well as continuously adjustable qualities for each individual region to reflect the application specific requirements for a particular image. The key point is that these pre-defined quality constraints are always met for each individual region, thus making the approach suitable for data with inherent reliability requirements. The implementation of the proposed system is transparent and concerns only the encoder side while any standard JPEG2000 decoder can be used for decompression. Results have shown that for the utilised imagery, i.e. satellite and medical images, compression rate improvements of up to 32% in comparison to the JPEG2000 compressor fulfilling the same quality needs are achievable.
Staffing The War: Grant's Innovative Staff Structure Went Unimitated By Other Generals (2000)

Behind every successful general lies a good staff. Staff development has accompanied the evolution of the profession of arms, and today's revolution in military affairs (the impact of the Information Age) seems unlikely to change that dependency. Yet professional military staffs emerged more quickly....
The use of Laurus nobilis and Mentha pulegium essential oils against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on stored maize (2019)

Laboratory studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of some essential oils from Laurus nobilis and Mentha pulegium against Sitophilus zeamais on stored maize. The concentrated essential oils at different volumes of 0.5 µL, 1.5 µL, 2.5 µL, 5.0 µL and 10 µL, were poured on filter papers with 2 cm Ø each. For diluted oils, the fixed volume of 15 µL of different concentrations of 1:150v/v, 1:100 v/v, 1:75 v/v, 1:50 v/v and 1:10 v/v either in methanol or n-hexane were used to impregnate the filter papers. Treatments with the concentrated oils were more effective. All the concentrations used from M. pulegium provided 100% adult mortality and no progeny production were achieved. L. nobilis has revealed 100% adult mortality at 3.185 µL/cm2. Regarding the treatments with diluted oils once again the oil from M. pulegium provided 100% adult mortality at concentrations of 1:50 v/v and 1:10 v/v. L. nobilis was not effective at any of the concentrations used. There were no significant differences between the solvents used.
Development of a Holonomic Omni-Directional Mobile Robot with Step-Climbing Ability (2001)

In this paper, we purpose a new holonomic omnidirectional mobile robot that can pass over steps and rough terrain. A prototype of the omnidirectional mobile robot has seven wheels with free rollers. We adopt a passive suspension for the robot to climb slopes and to pass over steps without actuators and sensors for climbing and analyzed the kinematics of the omnidirectional robot. The performance of the prototype robot is shown through experiments.
Restless legs syndrome: pathophysiology and the role of iron and folate. (2007)

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a common movement disorder characterized by a circadian variation in symptoms involving an urge to move the limbs, usually the legs. Pregnant women, patients with end-stage renal disease or iron-deficiency anemia, and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) have a significantly higher prevalence of RLS. The classic presentation includes the onset or worsening of symptoms when at rest and the circadian pattern of exacerbation of symptoms at night. These symptoms reflect a circadian fluctuation of dopamine in the substantia nigra. Patients with RLS have lower levels of dopamine in the substantia nigra and respond to iron administration. Iron, as a cofactor in dopamine production, plays a central role in the etiology of RLS. Folic acid administration has also been shown to alleviate the symptoms of RLS and may play a role in the treatment of primary (familial) RLS.
Pulmonary clearance and lesions of lung and air sac in passively immunized and unimmunized turkeys following exposure to aerosolized Escherichia coli. (1987)

Two groups of young turkeys, one passively immunized with homologous hyperimmune serum and the other unimmunized but receiving normal turkey serum, were aerosolized with Escherichia coli. Clearance of bacteria from lung and gross and microscopic lung and air-sac lesions were determined after necropsy at timed intervals. The group mean bacterial count in lungs of passively immunized turkeys was significantly less than the mean count in unimmunized turkeys. Lung lesions were generally similar in both groups and were focused in lymphoid nodules, at the junction of primary and secondary bronchi, and at the ostia to the air sacs. Unimmunized birds developed grossly evident purulent airsacculitis by 72 hours after aerosol exposure, whereas passively immunized birds did not.
Diagnostic Polymers and Coatings (1994)

Advances in materials science and technology, notably polymers, have resulted in many successful implants, therapeutic devices and diagnostic assays in the medical field. Diagnostic polymers and coatings play a very important functional role in dry chemistries, immunodiagnostics, and biosensors. Enzymes, also polymeric in nature are extensively used to measure or amplify signals of many, but specific, metabolites. Furthermore, polymers, plastics and other polymeric materials are invariably utilized in such devices for functions other than chemical, biochemical, and electrochemical reactions. We will describe chemistry, technology, design, applications and future prospects of diagnostic polymers and coatings in this report.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Today—Changes, Problems, and Opportunities (1980)

Abstract Dissatisfaction with empirical methods, high expectations of the public, poorly harmonized international regulations, and rising costs have induced pharmaceutical research to search for new approaches. As a consequence, the medicinal chemist's professional activity is in a state of change. His synthetic strategy is being increasingly influenced by the reasoning of molecular biology. Novel classes of biologically active compounds demand the development of new synthetic methods beyond the scope of modern preparative organic chemistry: enzymes and microorganisms, cell cultures, and genetic engineering are harnessed to supply highly complex structures. Major efforts are devoted to the development of reliable structure‐activity relationships to rationalize his work. Thus the field of medicinal chemistry stretches from physical and physical organic chemistry far into the realm of biosciences, and the interdisciplinary character of this research is rapidly increasing. The author endeavors to convey an impression of this complex subject with the aid of selected examples.
Proteomics: Applications and opportunities in preclinical drug development (2000)

Advances in DNA sequencing and the near-term availability of whole genome sequences for several pharmaceutically relevant organisms promise to dramatically alter the breadth and scale of high-throughput proteomic studies. The substantial amount of literature is available in the public domain, demonstrate the potential of proteomics in the preclinical phases of pharmaceutical development. Over the next few years, it is anticipated that functional genomics and proteomics will have major impacts on the clinical phases of drug development. Expected benefits are earlier proof-of-concept studies in man and increased efficiency of clinical trials through the availability of biologically relevant markers for drug efficacy and safety.