gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective ahead pipelining of instruction block address generation (2004)

On a N-way issue superscalar processor, the front end instruction fetch engine must deliver instructions to the execution core at a sustained rate higher than N instructions per cycle. This means that the instruction address generator/predictor (IAG) has to predict the instruction flow at an even higher rate while the prediction accuracy can not be sacrificed.Achieving high accuracy on this prediction becomes more and more critical since the overall pipeline is becoming deeper and deeper with each new generation of processors. Then very complex IAGs featuring different predictors for jumps, returns, conditional and unconditional branches and complex logic are used. Usually, the IAG uses information (branch histories, fetch addresses, . . . ) available at a cycle to predict the next fetch address(es). Unfortunately, a complex IAG cannot deliver a prediction within a short cycle. Therefore, processors rely on a hierarchy of IAGs with increasing accuracies but also increasing latencies: the accurate but slow IAG is used to correct the fast, but less accurate IAG. A significant part of the potential instruction bandwidth is often wasted in pipeline bubbles due to these corrections.As an alternative to the use of a hierarchy of IAGs, it is possible to initiate the instruction address generation several cycles ahead of its use. In this paper, we explore in details such an ahead pipelined IAG. The example illustrated in this paper shows that, even when the instruction address generation is (partially) initiated five cycles ahead of its use, it is possible to reach approximately the same prediction accuracy as the one of a conventional one-block ahead complex IAG. The solution presented in this paper allows to deliver a sustained address generation rate close to one instruction block per cycle with state-of-the art accuracy.
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of D-Cycloserine Added to Conventional Neuroleptics in Patients With Schizophrenia (1999)

These results support the hypothesis that agents acting at the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor improve primary negative symptoms.
Real-Time Open Source Traffic Control for the Advanced Traffic Controller (2011)

Under the initiative of U.S. Department of Transportation a safety-critical, dual redundant, open source traffic signal control application is currently being developed. The system named SCOPE, for Signal Control Program Environment, currently implements standard 8-phase NEMA logic and some concept of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program 3-66. SCOPE is designed to be part of the Advanced Traffic Controller (ATC), making use of API standard 2.06b to integrate with the hardware. In addition to executing on the ATC platform, SCOPE can run on desktop workstations and PowerPC Linux based prototype boards. It is easily ported to any CPU. Safety-critical status is achieved through redundancy of application logic that constantly compares expected signal phase information. From baseline requirements, engineers independently program application code, one using Ada95 and the other using C++. The Traffic EXperimental Analytical Simulation (TEXAS) Model is currently used for validation and testing with Formal Qualification Testing to occur late in 2011. Upon validation and subsequent release to the open source community SCOPE will provide users the ability to replace the proprietary application software residing in ATC cabinets. Transparency will be provided into another aspect of the traffic control signal thus taking the initiative of ATC one step further.
A new paradigm in test for the next millennium (2002)

In this paper we describe the architecture and implementation of a true simulation-direct-to-test event based tester. This tester uses event based design simulation data in the VCD form. This data is used as-is without requiring tester cyclization. It is a true per pin tester that can significantly shorten test complexity and time-to-market.
Multitrace impedance inversion with lateral constraints (2015)

ABSTRACT We have developed a lateral constraint to the inversion of 1D seismic impedance models to suppress the effect of data noise and improve the fidelity of formation boundaries in 2D models for situations with dips of less than 20°. Typical inversion frameworks rely on a 1D forward model with each 1D trace being inverted independently. Adjacent inversion models are combined together to form a 2D impedance model. Adding a lateral constraint improves the fidelity of the 2D impedance models while retaining much of the advantage of the low-computational cost associated with typical 1D inversion schemes. Solving the 1D lateral constraint inversion (1D-LCI) problem involves the simultaneous inversion of multiple 1D traces producing layered sections with lateral smoothed transition. In addition to enforcing lateral continuity in the inversion model, this algorithm allows for the inclusion of a priori knowledge from boreholes. We determined the effectiveness of this algorithm on two synthetic models, as well as a field seismic data set. One-dimensional-LCI inversion results produced well-defined horizontal boundaries, while suppressing noise.
Specificity Profiling of Pak Kinases Allows Identification of Novel Phosphorylation Sites (2007)

The p21-activated kinases (Paks) serve as effectors of the Rho family GTPases Rac and Cdc42. The six human Paks are divided into two groups based on sequence similarity. Group I Paks (Pak1 to -3) phosphorylate a number of substrates linking this group to regulation of the cytoskeleton and both proliferative and anti-apoptotic signaling. Group II Paks (Pak4 to -6) are thought to play distinct functional roles, yet their few known substrates are also targeted by Group I Paks. To determine if the two groups recognize distinct target sequences, we used a degenerate peptide library method to comprehensively characterize the consensus phosphorylation motifs of Group I and II Paks. We find that Pak1 and Pak2 exhibit virtually identical substrate specificity that is distinct from that of Pak4. Based on structural comparisons and mutagenesis, we identified two key amino acid residues that mediate the distinct specificities of Group I and II Paks and suggest a structural basis for these differences. These results implicate, for the first time, residues from the small lobe of a kinase in substrate selectivity. Finally, we utilized the Pak1 consensus motif to predict a novel Pak1 phosphorylation site in Pix (Pak-interactive exchange factor) and demonstrate that Pak1 phosphorylates this site both in vitro and in cultured cells. Collectively, these results elucidate the specificity of Pak kinases and illustrate a general method for the identification of novel sites phosphorylated by Paks.
Geodesic Information Flows: Spatially-Variant Graphs and Their Application to Segmentation and Fusion (2015)

Clinical annotations, such as voxel-wise binary or probabilistic tissue segmentations, structural parcellations, pathological regions-of-interest and anatomical landmarks are key to many clinical studies. However, due to the time consuming nature of manually generating these annotations, they tend to be scarce and limited to small subsets of data. This work explores a novel framework to propagate voxel-wise annotations between morphologically dissimilar images by diffusing and mapping the available examples through intermediate steps. A spatially-variant graph structure connecting morphologically similar subjects is introduced over a database of images, enabling the gradual diffusion of information to all the subjects, even in the presence of large-scale morphological variability. We illustrate the utility of the proposed framework on two example applications: brain parcellation using categorical labels and tissue segmentation using probabilistic features. The application of the proposed method to categorical label fusion showed highly statistically significant improvements when compared to state-of-the-art methodologies. Significant improvements were also observed when applying the proposed framework to probabilistic tissue segmentation of both synthetic and real data, mainly in the presence of large morphological variability.
Converting XML Data To UML Diagrams For Conceptual Data Integration. (2001)

The demand for data integration is rapidly becoming larger as more and more information sources appear in modern enterprises. In many situations a logical (rather than physical) integration of data is preferable since some data is inherently not suited for storing in a physically integrated data warehouse. Previous web-based data integration efforts have focused almost exclusively on the logical level of data models, creating a need for techniques focused on the conceptual level. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is fast becoming the new standard for data representation and exchange on the World Wide Web, e.g., in B2B e-commerce, making it necessary for data analysis tools to handle XML data as well as traditional data formats.. This paper presents algorithms for automatically constructing UML diagrams from XML data and shows how to use the diagrams for the conceptual design of (virtual) Data Warehouses based on web data. Unlike earlier work, the focus of this paper is the support of On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) systems based on web data. 1
Conserved region of the rat α-lactalbumin promoter is a target site for protein binding <i>in vitro</i> (1988)

Nuclear extracts from mammary glands of lactating rats contain DNA binding protein(s) with high affinity to the region -125 to -85 of the rat alpha-lactalbumin promoter. The protected sequence is part of a mammary conserved sequence described by Hall et al. [(1987) Biochem. J. 242, 735-742]. Comparison of the DNA protein-binding sites in the 5' flanking sequence of the rat alpha-lactalbumin and mouse whey acidic protein genes suggests that the consensus sequence 5'-TGGCARNNWCKKC-3' is the protein(s) recognition site. This binding site is part of a highly conserved region [consensus sequence, TGGCAGSCTCGGCST(G)YTCTCTCT(NTG)TGGCARA] present in the promoter of four whey protein genes.
S3ORAM: A Computation-Efficient and Constant Client Bandwidth Blowup ORAM with Shamir Secret Sharing. (2017)

Oblivious Random Access Machine (ORAM) enables a client to access her data without leaking her access patterns. Existing client-efficient ORAMs either achieve O(log N) client-server communication blowup without heavy computation, or O(1) blowup but with expensive homomorphic encryptions. It has been shown that O(log N) bandwidth blowup might not be practical for certain applications, while schemes with O(1) communication blowup incur even more delay due to costly homomorphic operations. In this paper, we propose a new distributed ORAM scheme referred to as Shamir Secret Sharing ORAM (S3ORAM), which achieves O(1) client-server bandwidth blowup and O(1) blocks of client storage without relying on costly partial homomorphic encryptions. S3ORAM harnesses Shamir Secret Sharing, tree-based ORAM structure and a secure multi-party multiplication protocol to eliminate costly homomorphic operations and, therefore, achieves O(1) client-server bandwidth blowup with a high computational efficiency. We conducted comprehensive experiments to assess the performance of S3ORAM and its counterparts on actual cloud environments, and showed that S3ORAM achieves three orders of magnitude lower end-to-end delay compared to alternatives with O(1) client communication blowup (Onion-ORAM), while it is one order of magnitude faster than Path-ORAM for a network with a moderate bandwidth quality. We have released the implementation of S3ORAM for further improvement and adaptation.
Coupled Transformation of Schemas, Documents, Queries, and Constraints (2008)

Coupled transformation occurs when multiple software artifacts must be transformed in such a way that they remain consistent with each other. For instance, when a database schema is adapted in the context of system maintenance, the persistent data residing in the system's database needs to be migrated to conform to the adapted schema. Also, queries embedded in the application code and any declared referential constraints must be adapted to take the schema changes into account. As another example, in XML-to-relational data mapping, a hierarchical XML Schema is mapped to a relational SQL schema with appropriate referential constraints, and the XML documents and queries are converted into relational data and relational queries. The 2LT project is aimed at providing a formal basis for coupled transformation. This formal basis is found in data refinement theory, point-free program calculation, and strategic term rewriting. We formalize the coupled transformation of a data type by an algebra of information-preserving data refinement steps, each witnessed by appropriate data conversion functions. Refinement steps are modeled by so-called two-level rewrite rules on type expressions that synthesize conversion functions between redex and reduct while rewriting. Strategy combinators are used to composed two-level rewrite rules into complete rewrite systems. Point-free program calculation is applied to optimized synthesize conversion function, to migrate queries, and to normalize data type constraints. In this paper, we provide an overview of the challenges met by the 2LT project and we give a sketch of the solutions offered.
Representative elementary volume estimation for porosity, moisture saturation, and air‐water interfacial areas in unsaturated porous media: Data quality implications (2011)

Achieving a representative elementary volume (REV) has become a de facto criterion for demonstrating the quality of CT measurements in porous media systems. However, the data quality implications of an REV requirement have not been previously examined. In this work, deterministic REVs for porosity, moisture saturation ( S W ), and air‐water interfacial area ( A I ) were estimated using a set of 49 CT images of eight unsaturated homogeneous porous media with heterogeneity in moisture distributions present in varying degrees. Estimated porosity REVs were <8 mm 3 for all cases, smaller than typical CT image sizes (∼100 mm 3 ). Estimated S W and A I REVs were <55 mm 3 for cases with homogeneous moisture distributions but could not be estimated for cases with heterogeneous moisture distributions, due to the absence of a distinct “REV plateau” within the maximum imaged volume. Conventionally, S W and A I data from such non‐REV cases would be excluded. The implications of excluding data on the basis of REV were examined by comparing A I ‐ S W data measured on image windows of increasing size against the expected linear A I ‐ S W relationship. At measurement scales exceeding porosity REV, random fluctuations in A I ‐ S W data were excluded, even for cases containing heterogeneous moisture distributions. In contrast, requiring measurement scales to exceed S W and A I REV appeared overly restrictive and resulted in visible loss of reliable A I ‐ S W data. We attribute these findings to overestimation of REVs due to inherently problematic estimation of deterministic REVs in real systems. Implications of these findings for ensuring CT data quality and the efficient use of CT data are discussed.
Spectroscopic Study on the Interaction of Al<sup>3+ </sup>with Flavonoids and BSA (2006)

Abstract The interaction of Chinese herbal medicine component flavonoids (morin and rutin) with trivalent aluminium ion and the complex of aluminium ion and Bovine Serum Albumin in Hank′s artificial simulate body fluid was studied using UV‐Vis absorption spectra. The result showed that morin and rutin could conjugate with Al 3+ in Hank′s artificial simulate body fluid. It was found that morin and rutin could competed with the complex of aluminium ion and Bovine Serum Albumin for aluminium ion. The mechanism of flavonoids and Bovine Serum Albumin compete aluminium ion was discussed, and the constant of rutin complex with aluminium ion was calculated.
A Novel Method for the Synthesis of CaO Nanoparticle for the Decomposition of Sulfurous Pollutant (2013)

In this research, CaO (calcium oxide) nanoparticles were synthesized by Co-Precipitation method in the absence and presence of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) via using calcium (II) nitrate. The Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a capping agent to control the agglomeration of the nanoparticles. The synthesized samples were characterized via SEM, XRD and FTIR techniques. The average sizes of nanoparticles were determined by XRD data and Scherer equation. The decomposition reactions of 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (2-CEPS) as a sulfurous pollutant has been investigated on the CaO nanoparticles (NPs)/ Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surface at ambient temperature and monitored via using gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and FTIR spectrum. The GC analysis results revealed that 75% and 100% of 2-CEPS was found to be decomposed (adsorbed/destructed) in isopropanol and heptane solvents with weight ratio of 1:40(2-CEPS: CaO) after 12 h, respectively. On the other hand, these values for the weight ratios of 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30 were lower. The hydrolysis and elimination products; i.e. hydroxyl ethyl phenyl sulfide (HEPS) and phenyl vinyl sulfide (PVS) were identified by GC-MS respectively .
New Design of a Vacuum Jacket Precision Combustion Calorimeter (1954)

A vacuum jacket precision combustion calorimeter has been designed, built, and operated. It is rugged, reliable, and easy to disassemble and assemble. The heat leakage is lower by a factor of six than in the air gap types which have been standard since 1915. The calorimeter appears to be capable of giving individual results which deviate not more than 1.5 parts in 10 000 from the mean.
EXPERIMENTAL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF ARTERIES (1966)

The vascular homograft response has been studied using fresh carotid arterial grafts in 57 dogs. The animals were divided into two groups, the first receiving no immunosuppressive therapy, and the second receiving azathioprine and prednisone. The histological changes have been followed in both groups of animals for 3 months. In the control group the phases of recognition, reaction, repair and organization can be observed. In the treated animals the phase of recognition is not delayed but the phases of reaction, repair and organization are delayed for a variable period of time up to 3 months.
Factors delaying hospital admission in acute stroke (1996)

Medical treatment of stroke is dependent on a narrow therapeutic time window. We prospectively analyzed the influence of demographic, medical, and pathophysiologic factors on admission delay in 1,197 unselected, acute stroke patients. Twenty five percent were admitted within 3 1/2 hours, 35% within 6 hours, 50% within 14 hours, and 68% within 24 hours after stroke onset. Living alone (odds ratio [OR] 1.75, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.3) and retired working status (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.54) delayed admission. A well-working social network thus seems important to early admission. The milder the stroke, the higher was the risk of delayed admission (OR 1.25 per 10 points decrease in stroke severity [Scandinavian Neurological Stroke Scale score on admission], 95% CI 1.14 to 1.36). A history of TIA increased the relative chance of early admission by odds 1.64 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.54). Other factors such as age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, other comorbidity, previous stroke, headache, aphasia, apraxia, anosognosia, neglect, lowered consciousness, mental status (Mini-Mental State Examination) and type of stroke (hemorrhage/infarct) had no independent influence on admission time. Admission was markedly delayed in most patients. This represents a major barrier to medical treatment. Patients with the most severe strokes are admitted early, but patients with milder symptoms should also be encouraged to seek immediate admission. The observation that a history of TIA reduced admission time indicates that an increase in public awareness and knowledge may reduce delay and save precious time.
Precise Temperature Measurement for Increasing the Survival of Newborn Babies in Incubator Environments (2014)

Precise temperature measurement is essential in a wide range of applications in the medical environment, however the regarding the problem of temperature measurement inside a simple incubator, neither a simple nor a low cost solution have been proposed yet. Given that standard temperature sensors don't satisfy the necessary expectations, the problem is not measuring temperature, but rather achieving the desired sensitivity. In response, this paper introduces a novel hardware design as well as the implementation that increases measurement sensitivity in defined temperature intervals at low cost.
pC++/streams (1995)

The design and implementation of portable, efficient, and expressive mechanisms for I/O on complex distributed data structures—such as found in adaptive parallel applications—is a challenging problem that we address in this paper. We describe the design, programmer interface, implementation, and performance of pC++/streams , a library that provides an expressive mechanism for I/O on distributed arrays of variable-sized objects in pC++, an object-parallel language. pC++/streams is intended for developers of parallel programs requiring efficient high-level I/O abstractions for checkpointing, scientific visualization, and debugging. pC++/streams is an implementation of d/streams , a language-independent abstraction for buffered I/O on distributed data structures. We describe the d/streams abstraction and present performance results on the Intel Paragon and SGI Challenge showing that d/streams can be implemented efficiently and portably.
Invariance algorithms for nondestructive evaluation (2002)

A new class of invariant pattern recognition algorithms is required for interpreting nondestructive evaluation signals that occur during in-line inspection of components with varying material properties. This paper presents the theoretical development of these invariance algorithms and provides experimental validation of these algorithms using applications in magnetic flux leakage NDE and ultrasound NDE.
Effect of severe sepsis on platelet count and their indices (2013)

Platelet indices are important laboratory findings in the diagnosis of sepsis and severe sepsis. Severe sepsis patients who have greater than 18 % PDW levels have a higher risk of death. Therefore, PDW, which is part of an inexpensive, easily accessible and routinely performed test for almost all patients admitted to health facilities may be used for predicting mortality.
MOUSE MODELS OF AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS: Physiological Basis of Observed Outcomes and Analysis of Selected Examples Using These Outcome Indicators (1999)

The mouse is an ideal species for investigation at the interface of lung biology and lung function. As detailed in this review, there are well-developed methods for the quantitative study of lung function in mice. These methods can be applied to mice in both terminal and nonterminal experiments. Terminal experimental approaches provide more detailed physiological information, but nonterminal measurements provide adequate data for certain experiments. In this review, we provide two examples of how these models can be used to further understanding of the primary pathobiology of airway responsiveness in both the absence and the presence of induced airway inflammation. The first model is a dissection of chromosomal loci linked to the variance in airway responsiveness observed in the absence of any manipulation to induce airway inflammation. The second model explores the role of T-cell costimulatory signals in the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness. As the number of mice with targeted deletions of effector genes or insertion of informative transgenes grows, additional examples are likely to accrue.