gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hong–Ou–Mandel interference of two independent continuous-wave coherent photons (2020)

Interference between two completely independent photons lies at the heart of many photonic quantum information applications such as quantum repeaters, teleportation, and quantum key distribution. Here, we report the observation of Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interference with two independent continuous-wave coherent light sources that are neither synchronized nor share any common reference. To prepare indistinguishable photons from two independent laser sources, we employ high-precision frequency-stabilization techniques using the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m1"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="italic">F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="italic">F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> transition line of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m2"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Rb</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mprescripts/> <mml:none/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>85</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> atoms. We successfully observe an HOM interference fringe with two independent continuous-wave coherent photons originating from either the frequency-locked or the frequency-modulated lasers. An interference fringe involving two-photon beating is also observed when the frequency difference between the two interfering photons is beyond the spectral bandwidth of the individual coherent photons. We carry out further experiments to verify the robustness of the source preparation regardless of the separation distance between the two independent photon sources.
Barometric height estimation combined with map-matching in a loosely-coupled Kalman-filter (2010)

In this paper we present a robust location estimation algorithm especially focused on the accuracy in vertical position. A loosely-coupled error state space Kalman filter, which fuses sensor data of an Inertial Measurement Unit and the output of a Global Positioning System device, is augmented by height information from an altitude measurement unit. This unit consists of a barometric altimeter whose output is fused with topographic map information by a Kalman filter to provide robust information about the current vertical user position. These data replace the less reliable vertical position information provided the GPS device. It is shown that typical barometric errors like thermal divergences and fluctuations in the pressure due to changing weather conditions can be compensated by the topographic map information and the barometric error Kalman filter. The resulting height information is shown not only to be more reliable than height information provided by GPS. It also turns out that it leads to better attitude and thus better overall localization estimation accuracy due to the coupling of spatial orientations via the Direct Cosine Matrix. Results are presented both for artificially generated and field test data, where the user is moving by car.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF 5‐TRIFLUOROMETHYLURACIL (1978)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (II) entsteht bei der Elektrolyse einer Lösung von Uracil (I) in Trifluoressigsäure in Gegenwart von KHF, an einer Ni‐Anode (1 5‐l 8 V, 5‐10 mA/cm 2 ) in von der Beschaffenheit der Elektroden in starkem Maße abhängigen Ausbb.
Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) interface with the QuickLogic QL16×24B FPGA (2002)

This paper describes a complete PCI interface implemented in a single QuickLogic QL16/spl times/24B FPGA. The user side of the interface has been designed for a generalized 32-bit device with a typical READY and READ/WRITE-strobe handshake sequence; 24 bits of user device address have also been provided. The large logic and pinout capabilities of the 8L16/spl times/24B device are key to providing the necessary interface functionality in a single FPGA device. In addition, the extremely fast I/O pads and internal logic can accommodate the stringent system timing requirements of the 33 MHz PCI bus. The design implements interface that utilizes the mode for highest data throughput. All required PCI Configuration Space registers have been implemented in a highly modular structure; readers may simply modify the necessary fixed-value registers to contain the vendor, device, and revision identification for a specific product. While portions of this paper may appear to only address specific areas of the PCI interface, the general design concept described may be applied to a variety of applications for various processors and peripherals. The design files and schematics are available from QuickLogic and can be easily modified to your particular needs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae (2013)

Fermentation or anoxic metabolism allows unicellular organisms to colonize environments that become anoxic. Free-living unicellular algae capable of a photoautotrophic lifestyle can also use a range of metabolic circuitry associated with different branches of fermentation metabolism. While algae that perform mixed-acid fermentation are widespread, the use of anaerobic respiration is more typical of eukaryotic heterotrophs. The occurrence of a core set of fermentation pathways among the algae provides insights into the evolutionary origins of these pathways, which were likely derived from a common ancestral eukaryote. Based on genomic, transcriptomic, and biochemical studies, anaerobic energy metabolism has been examined in more detail in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) than in any other photosynthetic protist. This green alga is metabolically flexible and can sustain energy generation and maintain cellular redox balance under a variety of different environmental conditions. Fermentation metabolism in Chlamydomonas appears to be highly controlled, and the flexible use of the different branches of fermentation metabolism has been demonstrated in studies of various metabolic mutants. Additionally, when Chlamydomonas ferments polysaccharides, it has the ability to eliminate part of the reductant (to sustain glycolysis) through the production of H2, a molecule that can be developed as a source of renewable energy. To date, little is known about the specific role(s) of the different branches of fermentation metabolism, how photosynthetic eukaryotes sense changes in environmental O2 levels, and the mechanisms involved in controlling these responses, at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this review, we focus on fermentation metabolism in Chlamydomonas and other protists, with only a brief discussion of plant fermentation when relevant, since it is thoroughly discussed in other articles in this volume.
Is apoptosis cause of pre-eclampsia? (2000)

Pre-eclampsia is the main cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and death associated with hypertension during complicating pregnancy. During physiological pregnancy, the immunological system undergoes secondary modifications, with an "exchange" between mother and fetus. Cytokines play an important role in the complex condition of partial fetal "rejection". It has suggested that the condition depend on immunological factors. In line with this hypothesis, apoptosis appear to play a key role in the pathophysiology of placental ischemia and the mechanism underlying this condition may be influenced by substances such as Bcl-2 which inhibits apoptosis. Neither aspirin nor calcium appear to improve maternal hypertension and proteinuria, although late ongoing trials may alter this view. At present, the condition can be resolved only by the end of pregnancy. Further studies are required in order to improve our understanding of these immunological mechanisms underlying hypertension during pregnancy, as the key to effective therapy may be their ability to "manipulate" them in an appropriate way.
New synonymy in American bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera) (1972)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Ultrafine Platinum Nanoparticles Uniformly Dispersed on Arrayed CN<i><sub>x</sub></i> Nanotubes with High Electrochemical Activity (2005)

The structure and electrochemical properties of arrayed nitrogen-containing carbon nanotube (CNx NT)−platinum nanoparticle (Pt NP) composites directly grown on Si substrates have been investigated. The CNx nanotube arrays were grown by microwave-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition first and then acted as the template and support for Pt dispersion in the following sputtering process. Under the same sputtering conditions, it was found that well-separated Pt NPs would form with an average diameter of 2 nm on the arrayed NTs while a continuous Pt thin film was observed on the bare Si substrate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy were employed to study bonding and structure changes with increasing deposition time. Implications of the C1s and N1s bonding changes in XPS and their possible relation to the NT−Pt composite structures with self-limited size distribution are discussed. Cyclic voltammograms show well-behaved curves in methanol oxidation, suggesting an efficient electronic conduction mechanism from the substrate via CNx NTs to reach individual Pt NPs is in operation. Such an integrated nanocomposite approach possesses a high potential for micro direct methanol fuel cell applications.
Fast Adaptation of Deep Neural Network Based on Discriminant Codes for Speech Recognition (2014)

Fast adaptation of deep neural networks (DNN) is an important research topic in deep learning. In this paper, we have proposed a general adaptation scheme for DNN based on discriminant condition codes, which are directly fed to various layers of a pre-trained DNN through a new set of connection weights. Moreover, we present several training methods to learn connection weights from training data as well as the corresponding adaptation methods to learn new condition code from adaptation data for each new test condition. In this work, the fast adaptation scheme is applied to supervised speaker adaptation in speech recognition based on either frame-level cross-entropy or sequence-level maximum mutual information training criterion. We have proposed three different ways to apply this adaptation scheme based on the so-called speaker codes: i) Nonlinear feature normalization in feature space; ii) Direct model adaptation of DNN based on speaker codes; iii) Joint speaker adaptive training with speaker codes. We have evaluated the proposed adaptation methods in two standard speech recognition tasks, namely TIMIT phone recognition and large vocabulary speech recognition in the Switchboard task. Experimental results have shown that all three methods are quite effective to adapt large DNN models using only a small amount of adaptation data. For example, the Switchboard results have shown that the proposed speaker-code-based adaptation methods may achieve up to 8-10% relative error reduction using only a few dozens of adaptation utterances per speaker. Finally, we have achieved very good performance in Switchboard (12.1% in WER) after speaker adaptation using sequence training criterion, which is very close to the best performance reported in this task (“Deep convolutional neural networks for LVCSR,” T. N. Sainath , Proc. IEEE Acoust., Speech, Signal Process., 2013).
On the Generalization of Simpson Type Inequalities for Quasi-convex Functions (2016)

In this paper, we establish the generalization of inequalities of the Simpson type for functions whose absolute values of derivatives are quasi-convex.
Synthesis of Skeleton of Antitumor Quassinoid (1988)

Abstract A compound having a skeleton of an antitumor quassinoid, bruceantin, was prepared according to the following strategy; 1) construction of ring ABC from ring AB by cyclization of a hindered 1,5-diketone; 2) construction of ring E (ether ring) by opening of a 12,13-epoxide ring followed by attack of oxygen at C-20 toward C-13; 3) formation of ring D (hemiacetal ring) by treatment of a 7α-hydroxy-16-al dimethyl acetal with PPTS.
Efficient Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Fullerene Derivatives via Hydrolysis of Polycyclosulfated Precursors (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Fullerene Derivatives via Hydrolysis of Polycyclosulfated PrecursorsLong Y. Chiang, Lee-Yih Wang, John W. Swirczewski, Stuart Soled, and Steve CameronCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 14, 3960–3968Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00093a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00093a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2114Altmetric-Citations194LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study of intrinsic localized vibrational modes in micromechanical oscillator arrays (2003)

Intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) have been observed in micromechanical cantilever arrays, and their creation, locking, interaction, and relaxation dynamics in the presence of a driver have been studied. The micromechanical array is fabricated in a 300 nm thick silicon-nitride film on a silicon substrate, and consists of up to 248 cantilevers of two alternating lengths. To observe the ILMs in this experimental system a line-shaped laser beam is focused on the 1D cantilever array, and the reflected beam is captured with a fast charge coupled device camera. The array is driven near its highest frequency mode with a piezoelectric transducer. Numerical simulations of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattice have been carried out to assist with the detailed interpretation of the experimental results. These include pinning and locking of the ILMs when the driver is on, collisions between ILMs, low frequency excitation modes of the locked ILMs and their relaxation behavior after the driver is turned off.
Pyrolysis studies of the single-source gallium arsenide precursors [Me2Ga(.mu.-As-i-Pr2)]3, [Me2Ga(.mu.-AsMe2)]3, [Me2Ga(.mu.-As-t-Bu2)]2, and [Et2Ga(.mu.-As-t-Bu2)]2 (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrolysis studies of the single-source gallium arsenide precursors [Me2Ga(.mu.-As-i-Pr2)]3, [Me2Ga(.mu.-AsMe2)]3, [Me2Ga(.mu.-As-t-Bu2)]2, and [Et2Ga(.mu.-As-t-Bu2)]2James E. Miller, Miguel A. Mardones, John W. Nail, Alan H. Cowley, Richard A. Jones, and John G. EkerdtCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 2, 447–452Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00020a038https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00020a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coat of arms (1879)

Journal Article Coat of arms Get access D. G. C. E. D. G. C. E. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s5-XII, Issue 313, 27 December 1879, Page 516, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s5-XII.313.516h Published: 27 December 1879
Mutation of an unusual mitochondrial targeting sequence of SODB2 produces multiple targeting fates in<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2003)

Proteins destined for the mitochondria travel an intricate pathway through two membranes, each with its own receptors and channels. These proteins interact with receptors via N-terminal presequences that form amphipathic helices. Generally, these helices contain abundant positive charges on one face and hydrophobic residues on the other, but share little primary sequence homology. While extensive research on mitochondrial import has been done in yeast and mammalian cells, little is known about import or contents of the single mitochondrion of Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. We describe here the characterization of TgSODB2, a novel, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in T. gondii with an unusual targeting sequence consisting of a hydrophobic segment resembling a signal peptide, followed by a presequence. We show that although the hydrophobic segment is competent to target a reporter protein to the secretory system, it is prevented from directing ER translocation when coupled with the presequence. When we mutated the only charged residue in the hydrophobic sequence, ER translocation is restored and the reporter targeted to the apicoplast, a chloroplast-like organelle found in most apicomplexans. The presequence that follows is predicted to form an amphipathic helix, but targeted the cytoplasm when the hydrophobic peptide is removed. In addition to having an unusual targeting sequence, TgSODB2 is only the second mitochondrially imported, iron-containing SOD to be described.
A tactile and proximity sensing method for 3D touch screen based on capacitance measurements (2013)

We propose a tactile and proximity sensor for a 3D touch screen based on capacitance measurements. In the proposed sensor, a parallel plate-type capacitance sensor and plane-type capacitance sensor are layered. The plane-type capacitance sensor detects the object and non-contact position (proximity range), and identifies the material on contact. The parallel plate-type capacitance sensor detects the indentation and precise position of the object on contact. In the experiment, the object and position were detected without contact. In addition, the discrimination of the materials, and the detection of the indentation and precise positions were demonstrated on contact. The proposed sensor may be useful as a 3D touch screen.
Coupled reactions for the determination of analytes and enzymes based on the use of luminescence (1989)

Immobilized enzymes are widely used in the clinical laboratory in the assay of several analytes and enzymes. The use of immobilized enzymes makes these reagents recoverable and re-usable, and in most cases increases their stability and catalytic activity. In conjunction with bioluminescent enzymes (firefly and bacterial luciferases) and chemiluminescent catalyst (peroxidase) we set up high-sensitive flow methods based on the use of nylon tube coil or epoxy methacrylate column as solid support. All the NAD(P)/NAD(P)H-dependent dehydrogenases (bacterial luciferase), ATP-dependent enzymes (firefly luciferase) and oxidases producing H2O2 (peroxidase) can be immobilized and a large variety of analytes have been sensitively measured. As an alternative format we also reported a dry chemistry method in which all the enzymes, substrates and cofactors are ready to use, supported on dry cellulose disks. Methodological problems such as flow conditions, stability, pH, ionic strength and analytical performances are also reported.
Frank Miller and the Decision to Prosecute (1991)

Frank Miller's book, Prosecution, provides many examples of how careful observation of existing prosecutorial practices can furnish a basis for reconsidering the propriety of existing legal doctrine and day-to-day practice. Unfortunately, the limited space available here precludes any such exhaustive catalog. Nevertheless, three issues raised by Miller's research merit particular attention. The first concerns the use of post-arrest warrants. Miller's painstaking description of prosecution practices in Wisconsin disclosed that the routine issuance of post-arrest warrants, a time-consuming practice, served no identifiable function. A second, and more controversial discovery centered on the respective roles of the executive and judiciary in the decision to charge a suspect with a crime. Miller discovered that although prosecutors routinely made autonomous charging decisions, existing legal doctrine made it impossible to determine whether the decision was, in theory, an executive decision for the prosecutor or a judicial decision for the trial judge. A third issue concerns the function of the post-arrest complaint, the need for which, Miller's work demonstrated, is as unclear as the need for the post-arrest warrant. This tribute will focus on Wisconsin practices, in particular as they relate to the three issues discussed above. This focus on Wisconsin, however, does not limit the utility of the analysis. Indeed, one reason for the enduring quality of the ABF survey in general was its universality; the justice systems of the field sites chosen shared fundamental administrative practices with states throughout the nation. Moreover, as will be seen, the same issues described in detail by Miller over twenty years ago still arise today throughout the country.
Suffield Upper Mannville I Gas Storage Project (1990)

Abstract The conception, the design, the operation and the performance evaluation of a major gas storage project in Alberta, Canada are described. The observed pressure response during the injection/withdrawal cycles, coupled with new well and seismic data and with new geological and reservoir simulation studies, has given a more complete understanding of the reservoir and its behaviour. A study of the downhole temperature behaviour during injection and withdrawal has also been made. The project is performing successfully and meeting the originally anticipated economic benefits.