gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human IgG1 Cgamma1 domain is crucial for the bioactivity of the engineered anti-CD20 antibodies. (2007)

In this study, we discussed the necessity of human IgG1 Cgamma1 domain for recombinant antibody using computer-aided homology modeling method and experimental studies. The heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain variable regions of 1-28, a murine IgM-type anti-CD20 mAb, were ligated by linker peptide (Gly4Ser)3 to form the single-chain Fv fragment (scFv). Then, the engineered antibody (LH1-3) was generated by fusing scFv with the entire IgG1 heavy constant regions. The 3-D structure of LH1-3 was modeled using computer-aided homology modeling method and the binding activity of LH1-3 was evaluated theoretically. Compared to the 3-D structure of the Fv fragment of the parent antibody, the conformation of the active pocket of LH1-3 was remained because of the rigid support of Cgamma1. Further experimental results of flow cytometry showed that the engineered anti-CD20 antibody possessed specifically binding activity to CD20-expressing target cells. The anti-CD20 antibody fragments could also mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of human B-lymphoid cell lines. Our study highlights some interests and advantages of a methodology based on the homology modeling and analysis of molecular structural properties.
Structure, grain connectivity and pinning of as-deformed commercial MgB2 powder in Cu and Fe/Cu sheaths (2002)

Single-core MgB2 wires and tapes have been made by the powder-in-tube (PIT) method using commercial MgB2 powder (Alfa Aesar). Composites have been made using the two-axial rolling process in Cu and/or Fe/Cu sheaths. Alternative deformations by wire drawing, rotary swaging and cold isostatic pressing have been applied to PIT wires and tapes. Current–voltage characteristics and transport current densities in the self-field and in the external field were measured. It was found that the grain connectivity of ex situ MgB2 is affected by the applied sheath and the mode of deformation. Two-axial rolling has generated the highest powder density resulting in the best grain connectivity. The highest transport current densities of 8700 A cm−2 and 55 830 A cm−2 were measured for Cu and Fe/Cu sheathed square wires, respectively. Cold isostatic pressing at 1.5 GPa has increased current density and n-exponent, which suggests an improvement in grain connectivity. It was found that the external pressure improves the inter-grain connectivity but decreases the pinning in MgB2 cores.
Relation of BMI to a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measure of fatness (1999)

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a valid technique for measuring the fat, bone and lean (muscle, organs and water) masses of the body. We evaluated relationships of BMI (kg/m2) with independent measurements of fat and lean masses using DXA in 226 adult volunteers. The evaluation was an application of a general approach to compositional data which has not previously been used for describing body composition. Using traditional regression analyses, when lean mass was held constant, BMI varied with fat mass (men r 0.75, P < 0.05; women r 0.85, P < 0.05); when fat mass was held constant, BMI varied with lean mass (men r 0.63, P < 0.05; women r 0.47, P < 0.05). In contrast, a regression model for compositional data revealed that BMI was: (a) strongly associated with log fat mass in both sexes (b1 4.86, P < 0.001 for all women and b1 5.96, P < 0.001 for all men); (b) not associated with bone mass, except in older men; (c) related to lean mass in women but not in men (b3 -4.04, P < 0.001 for all women and b1 -2.59, P < 0.15 for all men). Women with higher BMI tended to have more fat mass and more lean mass than women with lower BMI. Men with higher BMI had more fat mass but similar lean mass to men with lower BMI. Investigators need to be alert to the inaccuracy of BMI to assign a fatness risk factor to individuals, especially among women.
Phonon dispersion and polar-optical scattering in 2H<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">PbI</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1997)

Theoretical studies of phonon-dispersion curves and the polar-optical scattering process for 2H ${\mathrm{PbI}}_{2}$ are presented. A rigid-ion model with anisotropic effective charges is used to calculate the phonon-dispersion curves. The carrier mobility and its anisotropy due to polar-optical scattering as a function of temperature are calculated. Results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Peanut Allergy Biomolecular Characterization for Development of a Peanut T-Cell Epitope Peptide Therapy (2017)

Peanut allergy is a growing problem globally carrying a huge socioeconomic burden for patients, families and the community. Molecular characterization of peanut allergens has facilitated elucidation of the underlying immune response to peanut proteins, which drives the clinical reactivity. Peanut allergy generally emerges early in life, typically by the second year after encounter with peanut food products, frequently peanut butter in westernized societies. Ingestion of peanuts may trigger allergic symptoms within minutes to several hours with clinical features ranging from mild oropharyngeal irritation through to life threatening anaphylaxis. Development of allergen immunotherapy for potent allergens such as peanut requires elucidation of underlying immune events. Conventional allergen immunotherapy for peanut allergy using unfractionated peanut extracts is an area of active clinical research but is not currently recommended in clinical practice due to the unacceptably high risk of anaphylaxis. The molecular characterization of allergens has greatly facilitated the development of specific therapeutics for allergy.
Normalization of Urinary Drug Concentrations with Specific Gravity and Creatinine (2009)

Excessive fluid intake can substantially dilute urinary drug concentrations and result in false-negative reports for drug users. Methods for correction ("normalization") of drug/metabolite concentrations in urine have been utilized by anti-doping laboratories, pain monitoring programs, and in environmental monitoring programs to compensate for excessive hydration, but such procedures have not been used routinely in workplace, legal, and treatment settings. We evaluated two drug normalization procedures based on specific gravity and creatinine. These corrections were applied to urine specimens collected from three distinct groups (pain patients, heroin users, and marijuana/ cocaine users). Each group was unique in characteristics, study design, and dosing conditions. The results of the two normalization procedures were highly correlated (r=0.94; range, 0.78-0.99). Increases in percent positives by specific gravity and creatinine normalization were small (0.3% and -1.0%, respectively) for heroin users (normally hydrated subjects), modest (4.2-9.8%) for pain patients (unknown hydration state), and substantial (2- to 38-fold increases) for marijuana/cocaine users (excessively hydrated subjects). Despite some limitations, these normalization procedures provide alternative means of dealing with highly dilute, dilute, and concentrated urine specimens. Drug/metabolite concentration normalization by these procedures is recommended for urine testing programs, especially as a means of coping with dilute specimens.
Channel direction information probing for multi-antenna cognitive radio system (2015)

This work studies the problem of channel direction information (CDI) probing for multi-antenna cognitive radio system. The CDI of the channel from the secondary transmitter (ST) to primary receiver (PR) is elementary information in designing the beamforming at the ST for mitigating the interference to the PR. However, lacking the explicit cooperation between primary and secondary systems, the CDI has to be acquired by probing at the ST, which is challenging. To solve this, we consider the line of sight (LoS) channel between the ST and the PR, and propose one CDI probing scheme for the ST. Specifically, the ST sends two types of probing signals by beamforming towards an interested region where both the secondary receiver (SR) and the PR are located and then actively learns the hidden feedback information from the primary system to acquire the CDI. The proposed scheme has a closed-form solution, and avoids the iteration between the probing and acquisition, which is desirable for practical system. Moreover, we show that the proposed probing scheme can be extended for primary systems working under multi-access channel and broadcasting channel. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can improve the accuracy of the acquired CDI at the ST in cognitive ratio system remarkably.
Selective Interactions in Elastomers, a Base for Compatibility and Polymer-Filler Interactions (1996)

Abstract This paper describes the determination of accurate solubility parameters for nonpolar rubbers according to a GLC-method developed by Guillet. The data obtained provide a simple but meaningful thermodynamic characterization of the contribution of microstructure units and comonomers (styrene) in polydienes. On this basis quantitative expressions are derived for δ 2 -parameters of BR and SBR as a function of the vinyl and the styrene content respectively. The consequences on morphology development and miscibility are presented for blends of NR, SBR, BR and EPDM. Furthermore, it is shown for the first time that the method is able to describe the temperature dependence of the δ 2 -parameter so that temperature induced phase transitions (UCST and LCST) can be predicted. On this basis morphological predictions are made on average domain size and size distribution as well as on the phase inversion region. The contribution of intermolecular interactions to flow-induced phase morphology is discussed in relation to the influence of rheological factors. An extension to polymer—filler systems is made.
Three-dimensional myocardial strain correlates with murine left ventricular remodelling severity post-infarction (2019)

Heart failure continues to be a common and deadly sequela of myocardial infarction (MI). Despite strong evidence suggesting the importance of myocardial mechanics in cardiac remodelling, many MI studies still rely on two-dimensional analyses to estimate global left ventricular (LV) function. Here, we integrated four-dimensional ultrasound with three-dimensional strain mapping to longitudinally characterize LV mechanics within and around infarcts in order to study the post-MI remodelling process. To induce infarcts with varying severities, we separated 15 mice into three equal-sized groups: (i) sham, (ii) 30 min ischaemia-reperfusion, and (iii) permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. Four-dimensional ultrasound from a high-frequency small animal system was used to monitor changes in LV geometry, function and strain over 28 days. We reconstructed three-dimensional myocardial strain maps and showed that strain profiles at the infarct border followed a sigmoidal behaviour. We also identified that mice with mild remodelling had significantly higher strains in the infarcted myocardium than those with severe injury. Finally, we developed a new approach to non-invasively estimate infarct size from strain maps, which correlated well with histological results. Taken together, the presented work provides a thorough approach to quantify regional strain, an important component when assessing post-MI remodelling.
Assessment of Switching to Suvorexant versus the Use of Add-on Suvorexant in Combination with Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists in Insomnia Patients: A Retrospective Study (2018)

Our results show that the add-on of suvorexant increases the frequency of oversedation compared with switching in insomnia patients that are taking BzRA. However, this was only a preliminary retrospective study, and further studies will be required to confirm our findings.
Wide-Range Threshold Voltage Controllable Silicon on Thin Buried Oxide Integrated with Bulk Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Featuring Fully Silicided NiSi Gate Electrode (2008)

A fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD SOI) device having an ultrathin buried oxide (BOX) with a 45-nm fully silicided (FUSI) NiSi gate, and a hybrid SOI/bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integration process have been developed. The optimal threshold voltage (Vth) for low stand-by power (LSTP) applications in FUSI gate silicon on thin BOX (SOTB) MOSFETs was achieved while keeping a lightly doped channel. By using back-gate bias, we have demonstrated the optimization of device power and performance and a reduction in Vth variation after device fabrication. We have also shown that the characteristics of the integrated hybrid bulk transistor are comparable to those of conventional bulk transistors.
Facile Synthesis of Hollow Polymer Microspheres with Movable Cores with the Aid of Hydrogen-Bonding Interaction (2007)

Poly(divinylbenzene-co-acrylic acid) (poly(DVB-co-AA)) hollow microspheres with movable poly(DVB-co-AA) cores were prepared by a facile route. In this approach, poly(DVB-co-AA) microspheres were first used as templates to synthesize poly(DVB-co-AA)@PAA core-shell particles with a non-crosslinked PAA shell by distillation precipitation polymerization in acetonitrile. In situ polymerization to prepare poly(DVB-co-AA)@PAA@poly(DVB-co-AA) trilayer microspheres was then developed, in which the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the carboxylic acid groups played a key role as the driving force for the formation of monodisperse trilayer structure polymer microspheres. After removal of the non-crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) midlayer of the poly(DVB-co-AA)@PAA@poly(DVB-co-AA) microspheres in ethanol under basic conditions, poly(DVB-co-AA) hollow microspheres with movable poly(DVB-co-AA) cores were obtained. Functional poly(DVB-co-AA) cores could be released successfully when the hollow structure was destroyed. The resultant core-shell, trilayer polymer microspheres and hollow polymer microspheres with movable cores were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic laser scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra.
Investigation of plasma-sprayed laminates for high-temperature melting operations (1991)

Melting of reactive metals, such as zirconium (Zr), is normally accomplished either by vacuum-arc skull melting using consumable electrodes or by vaccum-induction melting, which is limited to small castings using water-cooled copper crucibles. An alternate process is being proposed to vacuum-induction melt large castings in a coated graphite crucible. The laminated coating would consist of plasma-sprayed layers of metal and ceramic that are designed to withstand temperatures approaching 2000{degrees}C while maintaining enough integrity to prevent contamination of the melt with carbon (C). This paper describes the selection process, experimental results, and feasibility of using laminated coatings that are plasma sprayed on graphite crucibles for melting Zr.
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) regulates production of IL-10 and IL-12 in human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)-infected monocyte/macrophage lineage (1997)

To determine whether HHV-6 infection induces expression and production of IL-10 and IL-12 in monocytes/macrophages, and to explore the influence of IFN-gamma on cytokine production in HHV-6-infected cells, expression and production of IL-10 and IL-12 were evaluated through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sandwich ELISA. HHV-6 infection induced the expression and the production of IL-10 and IL-12 in monocytes and THP-1 cells. Kinetic study showed that the expression of IL-12 mRNA decreased with accumulation of IL-10 mRNA. Expression and production of IL-12 were markedly increased when anti-human IL-10 MoAbs were added to the cultures, implying that endogenous IL-10 induced by HHV-6 inhibited IL-12 production. Addition of increasing concentrations of IFN-gamma to the cultures of HHV-6-infected cells enhanced the expression of IL-12 gene, while the accumulation of IL-10 mRNA was down-regulated. Determination of protein levels of IL-10 and IL-12 by ELISA also showed that IFN-gamma increased IL-12 and decreased IL-10 production. These results suggest that IFN-gamma regulates the production of IL-10 and IL-12 at transcriptional level mainly through inhibiting endogenous IL-10 production in HHV-6-infected monocyte/macrophage lineage.
Monomer [1-(Isobutoxy)ethyl Methacrylate] That Can Undergo Anionic Polymerization and Can Also Be an Initiator for the Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers. Preparation of Comblike Polymers (1997)

1-(Isobutoxy)ethyl methacrylate (BOEMA) was prepared by the reaction between isobutyl vinyl ether and methacrylic acid. It can be used both as an initiator for the cationic polymerization of vinyl ether and as a monomer that can undergo anionic polymerization. Using zinc chloride as activator, BOEMA can induce the cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether or ethyl vinyl ether in toluene at 0 °C to generate an end-functional polymer. On the other hand, BOEMA can be polymerized itself by using (1,1-diphenylhexyl)lithium as an initiator, in tetrahydrofuran, at −60 °C, in the presence or absence of lithium chloride. The poly(BOEMA) obtained possesses a very narrow molecular weight distribution (M̄w/M̄n = 1.04−1.09). It can also be employed as a macroinitiator for the cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether or ethyl vinyl ether, by using zinc chloride as activator in toluene at 0 °C. Thus a graft copolymer consisting of polymethacrylate as the main chain and poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) or poly(ethyl vinyl ether) as side chains can be prepared.
Design of a wideband transmit delta-sigma DAC (2002)

In this paper a wideband CDMA single-carrier transmitter IF digital-to-analog converter (DAC) based on delta-sigma (/spl Delta//spl Sigma/) modulation is presented. The /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator is a 5-bit 12th order bandpass-type with a sampling frequency of 16 times the chip rate. The implementation consists of FIR interpolation filters, a /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator, a binary weighted D/A converter and an analog postfilter. This paper discusses mainly the digital /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ architecture, and its performance on adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and error vector magnitude (EVM). Concerning on the given specifications, also linearity errors due to element mismatch distortion in the D/A conversion are discussed. The modulator is implemented in Xilinx. Virtex 400 series FPGA family.
Effects of cesiation on secondary-electron emission from MgO/Au cermets (1974)

The effect of Cs adsorption on secondary-electron emission from MgO/Au cermets has been studied by both a rapid yield measurement technique and Auger electron spectroscopy. The presence of Cs enhances the emission from these materials, but the Cs is weakly bound and is easily removed by electron bombardment. The emission is not adversely affected by the possible alloying of Cs with Au.
Functional Opsonic Activity of Human Serum Antibodies to Inner Core Lipopolysaccharide (<i>galE</i>) of Serogroup B Meningococci Measured by Flow Cytometry (2001)

A recently described flow cytometric opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) was adapted to quantify the functional activity of serum antibodies specifically directed against serogroup B inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Neisseria meningitidis. The percentage of human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes (PMNms) ingesting fluorescently labeled, ethanol-fixed N. meningitidis organisms (phagocytic activity) in the presence of human sera was measured to reflect the serum opsonic activity against the bacterium. The contribution to opsonophagocytic activity of antibodies to inner core LPS was estimated by comparing the opsonic activities of adult and infant sera before and after adsorbing anti-LPS antibodies from the sera using purified LPS extracted from an LPS mutant (galE) of N. meningitidis strain MC58 (B:15:P1.7,16:L3). The specificity of the assay was further investigated using monoclonal antibody (MAb) B5, which binds to an inner core LPS epitope of N. meningitidis. A dose-dependent decrease in phagocytic activity was observed when MAb B5 was incubated with LPS from an inner core LPS (galE) mutant. Similarly, the number of PMNms ingesting fluorescently labeled polystyrene beads coated with inner core (galE) LPS decreased in a dose-dependent fashion when MAb B5 was incubated with various concentrations of the homologous inner core LPS. Strong correlations were found between the concentration of serum antibodies to inner core LPS (galE) versus the phagocytic activity using healthy adult sera (r(2) = 0.89). There was a correlation between phagocytic ingestion and initiation of intracellular oxidative burst (r(2) = 0.99) using polystyrene beads coated with inner core LPS and opsonized with the same sera using the oxidative burst indicator system dihydrorhodamine123/rhodamine 123. OPA results were also found to correlate closely with the results of the serum bactericidal assay using MAb B5 against the N. meningitidis MC58 galE mutant in the presence of human complement (r(2) = 0.994, P = 0.003, two-tailed test). These studies demonstrate that functional antibodies are produced in humans against meningococcal inner core LPS and that the OPA is a useful approach to study the opsonic activity of antibodies to inner core LPS in health and disease.
Causes of FCC reactor coke deposits identified (1984)

Several years ago, ARCO personnel described four distinct types of coke produced in the catalytic cracking process. This coke is deposited on the catalyst during the reaction stage and is subsequently burned off in the regenerator to provide the essential heat to maintain the unit in heat balance. This article is concerned with a fifth type of coke. This coke does not deposit on the catalyst but adheres to internal surfaces of the reactor and downstream equipment causing refiners a variety of problems. In some instances, this coke has built up into large accumulations in reactors and fractionators and has adversely affected process performance.
Long-term low-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor treatment increases vascular cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate. (1993)

We investigated functional changes in aortic preparations of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated in utero and subsequently up to 20 weeks of age with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors ramipril (0.01 and 1 mg/kg per day) and perindopril (0.01 mg/kg per day). Early-onset treatment with the high dose of ramipril inhibited aortic ACE activity, prevented the development of hypertension, increased aortic vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L), decreased vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine (10(-8) mol/L), and increased aortic cyclic GMP content by 160%. Low-dose ramipril inhibited aortic ACE activity and attenuated the aortic vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine but had no effect on blood pressure. Low-dose treatment with ramipril and perindopril resulted in a significant increase in aortic cyclic GMP content by 98% and 77%, respectively. Long-term coadministration of the bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist Hoe 140 abolished the ACE inhibitor-induced increase in aortic cyclic GMP. Our data demonstrate that long-term treatment with ACE inhibitors can alter vascular function of compliance vessels independently of the antihypertensive action. The increase in aortic cyclic GMP was due to bradykinin potentiating the action of the ACE inhibitors.