gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Species Emission from Single Polyfluorene Molecules:  Signatures of Stress-Induced Planarization of Single Polymer Chains (2005)

Single chains of the conjugated polymer polyfluorene are shown to exist in two distinct conformational arrangements. Planarization of the chain to the single molecule beta-phase leads to a red shift in the emission and a strong modification of the vibronic progression. Most importantly, this structural rearrangement dramatically affects the photophysical stability on the single molecule level. Single molecule beta-phase emission displays a vastly improved lifetime and much less noise on both the emission intensity and the spectral position. In the absence of signatures of multichromophoric emission on the single molecule level, we propose that the effective conjugation length accounts for most of the physical chain length of the beta-phase.
Antibacterial Action of Extracellular Mammalian Group IIA Phospholipase A2 against Grossly Clumped <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1999)

Fibrinogen-dependent interactions of Staphylococcus aureus are believed to contribute to bacterial virulence by promoting bacterial attachment to fibrinogen-coated surfaces and inducing the formation of bacterial clumps that are likely resistant to phagocytosis. Although S. aureus produces several fibrinogen-binding proteins, the cell wall-associated protein clumping factor (encoded by clfA) appears to be most important in bacterial interactions with immobilized or soluble purified fibrinogen. We have compared bacterial clumping in several strains of S. aureus, including isogenic ClfA+ and ClfA- Newman strains, in the presence of purified rabbit fibrinogen, human plasma, and inflammatory fluid and examined the effect of clumping on bacterial sensitivity to mammalian group IIA phospholipase A2 (PLA2). This enzyme is the major extracellular bactericidal agent in inflammatory fluid active against S. aureus. Both ClfA-dependent and ClfA-independent bacterial clumping was observed, depending on the source and fibrinogen content of the biological fluid. In each case, clumping only partially reduced the antibacterial activity of PLA2, suggesting that this extracellular enzyme can substantially penetrate dense bacterial clumps. Bacterial clumps could be dispersed by added proteases, restoring full antibacterial activity to PLA2. Thus, the extracellular mobilization of group IIA PLA2 during inflammation may provide a mechanism by which the host can control the proliferation and survival of S. aureus even after bacterial clumping.
Image Processing Techniques for Lateral Migration Radiography Land Mine Images (2000)

Abstract : Lateral migration radiography (LMR) is a new imaging technique based on ideas of Compton backscatter imaging. In LMR, multiple image sets are generated. Uncollimated detectors provide images that are due primarily to single-collision photons which have been mainly scattered from the soil surface or near-surface. Collimated detectors provide images that are due primarily to multiple collision photons that contain both surface and sub%surface information. Simple noise removal and image enhancement techniques, including weighted filters. Weiner filters and histogram equalization improved the visibility of objects and of object details. Linear combinations of collimated and uncollimated images provided a fast, simple means of surface object removal and of yielding additional details for mine detection. Optimal filters that maximize the signal to noise ratio and include a prewhitening step were particularly useful for identifying deep buried mines. Finally. simple neural networks gave good image enhancement results and are especially efficient or surface-laid object removal.
Trastuzumab distribution in an <i>in-vivo</i> and <i>in-vitro</i> model of brain metastases of breast cancer (2017)

This study is one of the first studies to measure antibody movement across the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers, and demonstrates that, though in small and most likely not efficacious quantities, trastuzumab does cross the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers.
Regulation of the VEGF-System in the Endometrium during Steroid-Replacement and Early Pregnancy of Pigs (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its specific receptors FLT-1 and FLK-1 represent an important ligand-receptor system involved in angiogenesis and permeability. These factors are supposed to be influenced by ovarian steroids involved in developmental changes in female reproductive tissue as oviduct and uterus. The aims of this study were to assess the expression of VEGF and its receptor mRNAs during the early implantation period in porcine endometrium using real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, effects of estradiolbenzoate (EB) and progesterone (P) on endometrium of ovariectomized (ovx) pigs were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. A complete VEGF system was found in endometrial tissue using RT-PCR detecting the main VEGF isoform 188 aa, FLT-1 and FLK-1. A significant upregulation of the mRNAs of VEGF and its receptors was observed in the endometrium during the peri-implantation when compared with the pre-implantation period. Regarding endometrium of non-pregnant ovx-pigs an application of P led to elevated transcript levels of VEGF whereas mRNA-expression was reduced after EB treatment compared to non-treated ovx-animals. When pigs were administrated EB and P simultanously, a decrease in VEGF mRNA concentration was recorded. For FLT-1, none of the steroids increased mRNA expression compared to the ovx-group. Analysis of FLK-1 receptor mRNA demonstrated that only after EB + P treatment mRNA-expression was stimulated but stayed unchanged after P and EB when compared with the ovx-group. Immunohistochemistry revealed FLK-1 and VEGF proteins in glandular and luminal epithelia of the endometrium with emphasized staining after P and P + EB treatment of ovx-pigs. Summarized, altered VEGF and FLK-1 expression during the implantation period as well as under steroid hormones suggest this growth factor as a potent regulator of hyperpermeability supporting the angiogenic process in porcine endometrium.
Electrochemical Polarization of Various Nickel Anodes in Nickel Plating Baths (1963)

Both galvanostatic and potentiostatic methods have been applied for the measurement of the electrochemical polarization effects at various nickel anodes in nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfamate and also Watts type nickel solutions in order to determine the anodic dissolution reactions involved.The nickel plates tested are as follows:1) Electrolytic nickel (SP) 2) Carbonized nickel(CP) 3) Neo-carbonized nickel (NP) 4) Depolarized nickel (DP)In chloride-free nickel sulfate and nickel sulfamate solutions, all the nickel anodes studied except DP nickel tend to become passive at low current densities.The addition of chloride ions to the nickel sulfamate bath had the remarkable effects of raising the minimum current density required to passivate nickel anodes such as SP, NP and CP nickels.In nickel chloride and also Watts type nickel solutions, the smooth current-voltage curves were obtained for all nickel anodes studied showing any passivation effect in these solutions.The potentiostatic measurements revealed that the various types of anode potential-current density curves were observed for the different kinds of anode examined. The DP nickel plate was found to have the smaller passive regions corresponding to the high reactivity of the nickel surface in sulfate and sulfamate solutions.
Experiments on Turbulence Characteristics and Multiwavelength Scintillation Phenomena* (1972)

Measurements of atmospheric turbulence structure and multiwavelength scintillation statistics are described. The scintillation measurements use coincident virtual point sources, and include log-amplitude variances and covariances, spectra, and receiver-aperture smoothing. These are related to turbulence strength, spectral slope, and inner scale. The saturation of scintillations is found to be wavelength independent. The Kolmogorov atmospheric model breaks down under weak turbulence conditions, and hence the commonly used atmospheric and propagation theories tend to apply under mutually contradictory conditions. The transverse amplitude-correlation length and resultant receiver-aperture smoothing depart from theoretical predictions under strong scintillations. Scintillation spectra show much data spread but averages support the Taylor hypothesis. Short-path optical determinations of turbulence strength are seriously affected by nonzero inner scales of turbulence. Correlations of multiwavelength scintillations vs time indicate nonuniformity of both turbulence spectra and strength over the path.
Properties of the Nitrogen—Carbon—Nitrogen System in N<sup>1</sup>-Heterocyclic Sulfanilamides<sup>1</sup> (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of the Nitrogen—Carbon—Nitrogen System in N1-Heterocyclic Sulfanilamides1Robert G. Shepherd, A. Calvin Bratton, and Kenneth C. BlanchardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 11, 2532–2537Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01263a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01263a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reaktionen mit Trifluorchloräthylen, II. Die Addition von Trifluorchloräthylen an Imidazol, Benzimidazol und Naphthimidazol. Eine neue Spaltung des Imidazolringes (1966)

Abstract Imidazol, Benzimidazol und lineares Naphthimidazol werden von Trifluorchloräthylen unter Druck ohne Katalysator bei erhöhter Temperatur am Stickstoff alkyliert. Die Trifluorchloräthylgruppe macht den Imidazolring der 1 : 1‐Addukte nucleophilen Angriffen zugänglich, die zu einer Ringspaltung führen. Es werden eine neuartige Aldehyd‐ und eine Triazolsynthese beschrieben.
Formation and structure of polyacrylamide gels (1996)

Acrylamide and N,N′-methylenebis (acrylamide) (AAm–Bis) copolymerization has been in-vestigated in water at a monomer concentration of 1.8 w/v%. Conversion of monomer and pendant vinyl groups was measured as a function of the reaction time up to the onset of macrogelation. Experimental results indicate that 80% of pendant vinyl groups are consumed by cyclization reactions. When the monomer concentration was kept constant at 1.8%, the critical conversion at the gel point shows a minimum at 7.5 mol % Bits. The equilibrium degree of swelling of the polyacrylamide (PAAm) gels is independent of their crosslinker content. Calculation results show that the average reactivity of pendant vinyl groups for intermolecular links decreases as the Bis concentration increases. All these results suggest formation of PAAm microgels prior to the onset of macrogelation. As the reaction proceeds, microgels are connected to a macrogel through their peripheral pendant vinyls and radical ends, whereas those in their interior remain intact. The microgels seem to act as the junction points of the final inhomogeneous networks. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Inference for the diffusion branching process (1975)

For the diffusion branching process, we consider a method of inference that is essentially sequential in nature. The method allows us to simplify the natural sufficient statistics involved, and we are able to get their distributions quite easily by translating our problem into a standard problem in Brownian motion. Under certain circumstances, we are left with a complete sufficient statistic whose distribution belongs to an exponential family, and can therefore derive minimum variance unbiased estimators, etc.
Investigations on continuous ans pulsed interrogation for a CPT atomic clock (2009)

International audience
Lunasin, with an arginine–glycine–aspartic acid motif, causes apoptosis to L1210 leukemia cells by activation of caspase‐3 (2009)

Lunasin is a novel chemopreventive peptide featuring a cell adhesion motif composed of arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) which has been associated to cytotoxicity to established cell lines. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of lunasin on the viability of L1210 leukemia cells and to understand the underlying mechanisms involved. Pure lunasin and lunasin enriched soy flour (LES) caused cytotoxicity to L1210 leukemia cells with IC(50) of 14 and 16 microM (lunasin equivalent), respectively. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed that 25% of the original amount of lunasin survived 3 h of pepsin digestion and 3% of lunasin remained after sequential pepsin-pancreatin digestion for a total of 6 h. Cell cycle analysis showed that lunasin caused a dose-dependent G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Treatment of L1210 leukemia cells with 1 mg/mL of LES for 18 h led to an increase in the amount of apoptotic cells from 2 to 40%. Compared to untreated cells, treatment with 1 mg/mL LES showed a 6-fold increase on the expressions of caspases-8 and -9, and and a 12-fold increase on the expression of caspase-3. These results showed for the first time that lunasin, a naturally occurring peptide containing an RGD motif, caused apoptosis to L1210 leukemia cells through caspase-3 activation.
The G4-Heuristic for the Pallet Loading Problem (1996)

A new heuristic for the well-known (two-dimensional orthogonal) pallet loading problem (PLP) is proposed in this paper. This heuristic, referred to as G4-heuristic, is based on the definition of the so-called G4-structure of packing patterns. The G4-structure is a generalization of the common used block structure of packing patterns which requires the same orientation of packed boxes within each block. The G4-heuristic yields in approximately 99% of the test instances an optimal solution and solves all instances exactly where at most 50 boxes are contained in an optimal packing. Although the algorithm is pseudo-polynomial the computational experiments reported show that also instances with more than 200 packed boxes in an optimal solution can be handled with a small amount of computational time. Moreover, so far there is not known any instance where the gap between optimal value and the value obtained by the G4-heuristic is larger than one box.
Vaccinia Virus Motility (2003)

Vaccinia virus (VV), the virus smallpox vaccine, replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The intracellular movement of this large virus would be inefficient without specific transport mechanisms; therefore, VV uses microtubules for movement during both entry and egress. In addition, the dissemination of virus from infected cells to adjacent cells is promoted by the polymerization of actin beneath cell surface virions to drive virus particles away from the cell. Last, the roles of different VV particles in virus movement within and between hosts are discussed.
일반인의 압수·수색 집행 조력의 근거와 한계 (2020)

최근 국가인권위원회는 경찰이 압수·수색영장을 집행하면서 일반인을 참여시켜 집행을 조력하게 한 것이 적법절차의 원칙을 위반한 행위라고 판단하였다. 그러나 민간인이 압수·수색 집행을 보조하는 행위가 어느 때나 허용되지 않는다고 볼 것인지에 대하여는 의문이 있다.
압수·수색과 같은 강제처분은 국가공권력이 직접 행사하여야 함은 당연하지만, 여기서 ‘직접 행사’하여야 한다는 것은 국가공권력이 그 주체로서 집행을 주도해 나간다는 의미이지, 절차 전반에 걸쳐 오로지 집행공무원의 손에 의해서만 이루어져야 한다는 의미는 아닐 것이다. 현대사회의 눈부신 기술 발전과 맞물려 날로 진화해가는 범죄에 대처하기 위해 수사기관이 부단히 노력해야 하는 것은 사실이지만, 인력과 자원의 한계로 인해 벌어질 수 있는 범죄대처의 틈을 우수한 민간자원이 메워줄 수 있다면 보다 효율적인 범죄 대처가 가능해 질 수 있을 것이다.
이러한 관점에서 본고는 압수·수색 집행시 제3자의 참여에 관한 다수의 사례가 축적되어 있는 미국에서의 논의를 분석하여 그 시사점과 쟁점을 확인한 다음, 우리나라 현행법상 압수·수색시 일반인의 집행보조 허용여부, 허용될 때의 절차와 그 한계에 대해 논해보고자 한다.
Changes in Morphology of the Paced QRS Complex Related to Pacemaker Output (1989)

The influence of pacemaker output on the morphology of the paced QRS complex was studied from standard lead electrocardiograms in 69 patients with bipolar pacemakers. In 40 of the 69 patients (58%), there was a significant (P less than 0.001) change in electrical axis, from -75 degrees at the low output setting (2.7 V, 0.15 msec) to -67 degrees at the high output setting (8.1 V, 2.29 msec). In 30 patients, these changes were also associated with changes in the QRS morphology and in the T-wave. This phenomenon may be explained by additional stimulation from the proximal electrode at high output, thus altering the pattern of depolarization.
Inflammatory bowel disease: lessons from the IL-10 gene-deficient mouse. (2001)

The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease likely involves multifactorial interactions between genetic factors and environmental triggers. The most recent studies suggest that luminal bacteria are a significant factor in the onset and chronicity of inflammation. In interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene-deficient mice a Crohn's-like colitis develops when the mice are raised under conventional animal care facilities but fails to develop when they are raised under germ-free conditions. These mice demonstrate significant alterations in the species and the levels of bacteria colonizing the colon, suggesting that genetic factors in the host may be critical in controlling bacterial colonization. In addition, early treatment of IL-10 gene-deficient mice with antibiotics can prevent the development of colitis in later life, suggesting that early events during the neonatal period can influence later disease progression. Recent work has focused on using probiotic bacterial mixtures to alter the microbial balance in the colon in attempts to reduce inflammation. The use of the VSL-3 probiotic mixture in the IL-10 gene-deficient mouse resulted in a complete normalization of physiological transport function and barrier integrity, in conjunction with a reduction in mucosal secretion of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Further, it would appear that a soluble factor is released from a bacterium found in the VSL-3 mixture that can act directly on the epithelium to enhance barrier integrity. Results from animal models of inflammatory bowel disease suggest that genetically susceptible hosts can mount a pathogenic cellular immune response to specific nonpathogenic bacterial species, as a consequence of defective immunologic tolerance and lack of appropriate mucosal defences. Probiotic bacteria appear to be a promising new alternative for the treatment of clinical conditions that are associated with alterations in gut barrier function, including Crohn' s disease.
In-line singlemode fibre amplifiers basedon LiF:F <sub>2</sub> <sup>+</sup> and LiF:F <sub>2</sub> <sup>–</sup> crystals (1995)

In-line singlemode optical amplifiers have been constructed using a resonant coupling of light power from polished singlemode fibre to planar multimode waveguide with a laser-active LiF:F2+ or LiF:F2– colour centre crystal superstrate. The F2+ (or LiF:F2–) luminescence was produced in the superstrate by excitation with an evanescent wave from the waveguide. A relative gain ≥ 2 was obtained using these crystals.
<title>Correlation of crystallographic orientation with processing of sapphire optics</title> (1999)

Sapphire is an ideal optical material and is in used for window and dome applications. The anisotropic properties of sapphire affect the production of high-quality components. Out of the three major orientations, c-axis, a-axis or m- axis, the c-axis is preferred for optical applications as it is the zero birefringence orientation. This orientation is difficult to grow with high quality. Therefore, components are fabricated by sectioning from the sides of a- or m- boules. The anisotropic properties also present problems in grinding and polishing windows for precision optical applications. The degree of difficulty varies with the orientation selected. For hemispherical domes involving polishing of several orientations, it is difficult to achieve a good figure. The choice for larger diameter windows is limited to a- or m-orientation; the m-orientation may be preferable due to the geometry of fabrication-induced stress.
Expression of myelomonocytic antigens on chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells correlates with their ability to produce interleukin 1 (1987)

We analyzed the expression of myelomonocytic-associated antigens on lymphocytes from B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients. Blood mononuclear cells were depleted of monocytes by one-step Percoll density gradient centrifugation and tested for antigen expression by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The reactivity of patient lymphocytes was as follows: 26 of 31 were positive for CD14 (Myr), 22 of 31 for a monocyte Fc receptor (MFC-1), 22 of 31 for CD11b (C3bi receptor), eight of 31 for CD15 (Leu-M1), five of 18 for CD13 (My 7), seven of 18 for My 9, and five of 30 for Mo 2. The B lymphocytes of B- CLL patients were also tested for the ability to produce interleukin 1 (IL-1) after depletion of monocytes and T lymphocytes. In 13 of 17 cases, B lymphocytes of patients produced IL-1 as detected in a mouse thymocyte proliferation assay and, in selected cases, a radioimmunoassay specific for IL-1 beta. The 13 cases that produced IL- 1 were also positive for the expression of one or more myelomonocytic- associated antigens, whereas the four cases that did not produce IL-1 lacked expression of these antigens. In conclusion, the malignant B cells of B-CLL patients frequently express a variety of antigens generally considered specific for myelomonocytic cells, and expression of these antigens is associated with the ability to produce IL-1.
Switching myelination on and off (2008)

Schwann cells are remarkably plastic cells that can both form and stably maintain myelin sheaths around axons and also rapidly dedifferentiate upon injury. New findings (Parkinson, D.B., A. Bhaskaran, P. Arthur-Farraj, L.A. Noon, A. Woodhoo, A.C. Lloyd, M.L. Feltri, L. Wrabetz, A. Behrens, R. Mirsky, and K.R. Jessen. 2008. J. Cell Biol. 181:625-637) indicate that the transition between these distinct states of differentiation is directed by the transcription factor Krox-20, which promotes and maintains myelination, and c-Jun, which antagonizes it. Cross-inhibition of these transcription factors serves to switch Schwann cells between the myelinated and dedifferentiated phenotypes, respectively.
Viscous Flow in Glass‐to‐Metal Seals (1957)

Birefringence measurements were made on glass‐to‐metal seals with simple geometries during cooling at various rates. Thermal contraction data were also obtained on the metal and on the glass while cooling at the same rates. Using these data, the viscosity of the glass during cooling at a constant rate was calculated. The viscosity deviates markedly from the equilibrium curve and is a function of cooling rate in this temperature region. Viscous flow in the seal is measurable as much as 125°C. below the strain point.
The Myofascial Genesis of Pain (1952)

(1952). The Myofascial Genesis of Pain. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 425-434.