gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reporting of Post–PEG Prolactin Concentrations: Time to Change (2009)

Prolactin is the hormone most commonly measured in patients evaluated for reproductive disorders. The biologically active form of prolactin is the 23-kDa monomeric polypeptide secreted by the pituitary gland; however, circulating prolactin exists in a number of additional forms. Big prolactin (60 kDa) and macroprolactin (150 kDa), which are present in serum in varying quantities, can cause apparent hyperprolactinemia, but they have no clinical importance because they exhibit little biological activity. Despite efforts to improve assay specificity, all prolactin immunoassays in routine use detect both big prolactin and macroprolactin to varying degrees (1).

The polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation test is widely used to detect pseudohyperprolactinemia caused by big prolactin and/or macroprolactin. Current best practice recommends that all sera with increased total prolactin concentrations be subfractionated by PEG precipitation to measure the bioactive monomeric prolactin concentration, a more clinically meaningful variable (2)(3). Subfractionation with PEG allows laboratories to distinguish patients with true hyperprolactinemia, in which there are supraphysiological concentrations of bioactive monomeric prolactin, from those with macroprolactinemia, which is characterized by increased concentrations of macroprolactin and/or big prolactin together with normal concentrations of bioactive monomeric prolactin. In the absence of PEG screening, misdiagnosis and consequent …
Evaluation of annual survival and mortality rates and longevity of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at the United States Navy Marine Mammal Program from 2004 through 2013 (2015)

Objective-To evaluate annual survival and mortality rates and the longevity of a managed population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Design-Retrospective cohort study. Animals-103 bottlenose dolphins at the US Navy Marine Mammal Program (MMP). Procedures-Population age structures, annual survival and crude mortality rates, and median age at death for dolphins > 30 days old were determined from 2004 through 2013. Results-During 2004 through 2013, the annual survival rates for MMP dolphins ranged from 0.98 to 1.0, and the annual crude mortality rates ranged from 0% to 5%, with a mean of 2.7%. The median age at death was 30.1 years from 2004 through 2008 and increased to 32 years from 2009 through 2013. The maximum age for a dolphin in the study was 52 years. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated that the annual mortality rates were low and survival rates were high for dolphins in the MMP from 2004 through 2013 and that the median age at death for MMP dolphins during that time was over 10 years greater than that reported in free-ranging dolphins. These findings were likely attributable to the continually improving care and husbandry of managed dolphin populations.
Touch magnifying instrument applied to minimally invasive surgery (2004)

The MicroTactus is an instrument designed to detect signals arising from the interaction of a tip with soft or hard objects and to magnify them for haptic and auditory reproduction. An enhanced arthroscopic surgical probe was developed using an accelerometer and a custom-designed actuator for haptic feedback. Measurements were made to characterize the device and the results showed that numerous factors such as gripping method and gripping force influenced the system response in a complicated manner. The device was tested with the task of detecting surface defects of a cartilage-like material. Subjects were asked to detect the cuts of different depths under four conditions: no amplification, with haptic feedback, with sound feedback, and with passive touch. Both haptic and auditory feedback was found to significantly improve detection performance, which demonstrated that an enhanced arthroscopic probe provided useful information for the detection of small cuts in tissue-like materials.
Backstepping-Based Flight Control with Adaptive Function Approximation (2005)

A command filtered backstepping approach is presented that uses adaptive function approximation to control unmanned air vehicles. The controller is designed using three feedback loops. The command inputs to the airspeed and flight-path angle controller are x c , γ c , V c and the bounded first derivatives of these signals. That loop generates comand inputs μ c , α c for a wind-axis angle loop. The sideslip angle command β c is always zero. The wind-axis angle loop generates rate commands P c , Q c , R c for an inner loop that generates surface position commands. The control approach includes adaptive approximation of the aerodynamic force and moment coefficient functions. The approach maintains the stability (in the sense of Lyapunov) of the adaptive function approximation process in the presence of magnitude, rate, and bandwidth limitations on the intermediate states and the surfaces.
Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders (2001)

A rapid increase in our understanding of the biology of platelets and their role in disease in recent years has been paralleled by increasing successes with established platelet-modifying therapies in many clinical conditions. This text focuses on the clinical role of platelets in a wide variety of haematologic, cardiovascular and other disorders, providing a practical, clinically relevant handbook for all clinicians and researchers interested in platelets and their role in disease. Covering platelet physiology, bleeding disorders, thrombotic disorders and antithrombotic therapy. Chapters cover all the conventional and less conventional aspects of platelet involvement in disease, with an emphasis on recent clinical developments. Clear take home messages have been included in each chapter to aid clinical practice. With contributions from leading experts across three continents, Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders is an up-to-date, well illustrated, practical resource for everyone involved in clinical practice with platelet disorders.
Multiple distributed feedback operation at 1.55 μm with uniform output powers in a single laser diode (1999)

We demonstrate in a single laser diode the simultaneous operation on different wavelengths around 1.55 μm while preserving the spectral distributed feedback selection mechanism for each wavelength. The grating that exists all along the cavity is a multiwavelength grating obtained by the linear transfer of superimposed multiple holographic exposures. Such a grating acts as a reflectivity comb, the action of each reflector being uniformly distributed all along the cavity. Thanks to a clever incorporation of a phase shift, the lasing wavelengths are deterministically placed on the Bragg modes. The equal strengths of the different spatial frequencies of the grating translate into uniform optical output powers on the simultaneous lasing modes.
Optimal FEC strategies in connections with large delay-bandwidth products (2004)

We study the problem of optimal packet coding for connections with large delay-bandwidth products. Generally, for a given loss rate, using a higher coding redundancy achieves a higher average throughput, but also incurs higher transmission costs (e.g. in terms of energy of a wireless device) and creates a higher load on the network. We define an optimal coding strategy as one that minimizes the expected cost/throughput ratio, for a connection that has a cost per unit time and a cost per transmitted packet. We present an algorithm for computing the optimal strategy and study its properties. We demonstrate that the cost/throughput ratio can be significantly better than with the simple retransmission schemes, showing, in particular, that it strongly depends on the decoding buffer size, and obtain several asymptotic bounds on the optimal strategy performance for both unlimited and fixed-size decoding buffers.
Role of Manganese in Bone Metabolism (1987)

The role of trace elements in general, and Mn(II) in particular, has been examined in the metabolism of calcified tissue at several levels. The tissue distribution of 54Mn orally administered to mice was followed. Specific Mn(II) binding sites in the enamel of teeth have been characterized using EPR. Rats on long-term, 12-24 months, dietary regimens depleted in Mn or low Mn-low Cu showed significantly lower bone density and higher serum Ca than controls. The application of ectopic subcutaneous implants of bone powder and demineralized bone powder into animals on control or Mn deplete diets demonstrated that osteoblast activity, a measure of bone formation, was impaired as was osteoclast activity, a parameter of bone resorption. The multiple cellular effects of Mn deficiency include: decreased bone resorption, production of labile bone, and decreased synthesis of organic matrix. The serum level of Mn in a group of osteoporotic postmenopausal women was significantly lower than age-matched controls.
Some Initial Results of Recent Developments in Graphic Power-line Disturbance Monitoring (1986)

Recent developments in the technology available for power-line disturbance monitoring include the use of sub-microsecond sampling times, new disturbance capture algorithms, and sophisticated graphics software. One implementation of these developments is described. Some power-line disturbances which have been captured by this implementation are presented, with tentative explanations. These developments may allow the compilation of a set of signatures which will identify the causes of power-line disturbances.
Acute Reversal of Experimental Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the Rat with (+)-Decanoylcarnitine (1973)

The effect of (+)-decanoylcarnitine, a potent inhibitor of long-chain acylcarnitine transferase, was tested for its ability to inhibit hepatic ketogenesis both in the isolated perfused liver and in vivo in severely ketotic alloxan diabetic rats. In vitro the inhibitor caused an almost complete block in ketone body production. In vivo (+)-decanoylcarnitine caused a rapid reversal of ketosis under conditions where large doses of insulin had little effect. A combination of the two agents produced an even more striking fall in plasma ketone levels.While (+)-decanoylcarnitine alone had no effect on plasma glucose levels it enhanced the hypoglycemic effect of insulin in anesthetized animals. Loss of this effect was noted in nonanesthetized animals, possibly as a result of increased muscle activity. Studies in the isolated perfused liver indicated that the blockade of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis produced by (+)-decanoylcarnitine was rapidly reversible upon removal of the inhibitor.
Integration of multimodal features for video scene classification based on HMM (1999)

Along with the advances in multimedia and Internet technology, a huge amount of data, including digital video and audio, are generated daily. Tools for the efficient indexing and retrieval of such data are indispensable. With multi-modal information present in the data, effective integration is necessary and is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we present four different methods for integrating audio and visual information for video classification based on a hidden Markov model (HMM): direct concatenation, product HMM, two-stage HMM, and integration by neural network. Our results have shown significant improvements over using a single modality.
The use of fuzzy sets for resource allocation in an advance request vehicle brokerage system—a case study (1997)

Community transport vehicle brokerage operators match the needs of groups without minibuses with the spare capacity of groups which own minibuses. They take bookings in advance, and allocate vehicles without knowing what the total demand will be for travel at a certain time. An approach has been developed which ranks vehicles according to a sequence number which indicates how ‘difficult to book’ they are, and presents the most difficult to book to the broker first, with the intention of maintaining the maximum flexibility in the system. The concept difficult to book is not easy to define exactly. Fuzzy set theory provides a mechanism for dealing with imprecise concepts, and through fuzzy logic for reasoning about such concepts. Fuzzy inferencing systems consist of linguistic variables, fuzzy sets, rules, and methods to combine the sets and produce a final result. Fuzzy logic has been used to provide a means of automating the allocation of sequence numbers to vehicles. Three different approaches to developing the rules for this system have been tested, by simulating bookings, and the one which produced the best results was based on a knowledge acquisition process involving booking staff. This approach resulted in the allocation of the highest number of trips and in leaving the least hours of travel unallocated.
Probabilistic Application-Level Connection Scheduling in Web Servers (2001)

A Web server running a popular Web site might simultaneously service hundreds or even thousands of requests. Many traditional Web servers let the operating system decide the connection scheduling—that is, the order in which requests are serviced—and, in fact, most simply do so on a first-come, first-served basis. In many cases, however, it can be extremely useful, if not downright necessary, to have application-level control over scheduling policies. Application-level connection scheduling lets server administrators specify the scheduling rules they want to impose, rather than relying on programmers to do it. Two obvious cases where this might be useful are: • When different users have different priorities. To determine request priority for different user groups, you can use business rules to determine processing order. This lets you provide differentiated quality of service levels to different clients. • When Web server traffic is bursty. For example, the average peak-hour traffic is typically several times the average daily traffic. Rather than overprovision the server, you can turn to differentiated QoS as a more judicious approach to resource use under high-load conditions. Application-level connection scheduling also offers another benefit that is rather
A Wideband Receiver for Multi-Gbit/s Communications in 65 nm CMOS (2011)

High-rate communications technology leveraging the unlicensed spectrum around 60 GHz is almost ready for deployment with several demonstrations of successful wireless links. One key aspect of the transceiver is the ability to handle analog fractional bandwidths in the order of 20%, challenging for both the linear processing chain and the frequency reference generator. In classical LC loaded stages bandwidth trades with gain making them unsuitable for wide band amplifiers at millimeter-waves where the available device gain is relatively low. In this work, we exploit inter-stage coupling realizing higher order filters where wider bandwidth is achieved at the expense of in-band gain ripple only. The receiver adopts a sliding IF architecture employing an integer-N type-II synthesizer, with a three state phase frequency detector charge pump combination, a switched tuned LC VCO followed by a low power wide range divider chain. By judicious choice of charge pump current and filter components integrated phase noise, critical for signal constellation integrity at high rate, is kept low. This paper inspects the inter-stage coupling technique, providing design formulas, and discusses the design of each receiver block. Experiments performed on 65 nm prototypes provide: 6.5 dB maximum noise figure over >;13 GHz bandwidth, -22.5 dBc integrated phase noise while consuming 84 mW.
Ethosomal nanocarriers: the impact of constituents and formulation techniques on ethosomal properties, in vivo studies, and clinical trials (2016)

Ethosomal systems are novel lipid vesicular carriers containing a relatively high percentage of ethanol. These nanocarriers are especially designed for the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents with different physicochemical properties into deep skin layers and across the skin. Ethosomes have undergone extensive research since they were invented in 1996; new compounds were added to their initial formula, which led to the production of new types of ethosomal systems. Different preparation techniques are used in the preparation of these novel carriers. For ease of application and stability, ethosomal dispersions are incorporated into gels, patches, and creams. Highly diverse in vivo models are used to evaluate their efficacy in dermal/transdermal delivery, in addition to clinical trials. This article provides a detailed review of the ethosomal systems and categorizes them on the basis of their constituents to classical ethosomes, binary ethosomes, and transethosomes. The differences among these systems are discussed from several perspectives, including the formulation, size, ζ-potential (zeta potential), entrapment efficiency, skin-permeation properties, and stability. This paper gives a detailed review on the effects of ethosomal system constituents, preparation methods, and their significant roles in determining the final properties of these nanocarriers. Furthermore, the novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of ethosomal gels, patches, and creams are highlighted. The article also provides detailed information regarding the in vivo studies and clinical trials conducted for the evaluation of these vesicular systems.
Best Real Time Model Development of an Oil Well Drilling System (2012)

A drilling system consists of a rotating drill string, which is placed into the well. The drill fluid is pumped through the drill string and exits through the choke valve. During drilling, the pore pressure (minimum limit) and the fracture pressure (maximum limit) define mud density range and pressure operational window. Several disturbances affect bottom hole pressure; for example, as the length of the well increases, the bottom hole pressure varies for growing hydrostatic pressure levels. In addition, the pipe connection procedure causes severe fluctuations in well fluids flow, changing well pressure. Permeability and porous reservoir pressure governs native reservoir fluid well influx, affecting flow patterns inside the well and well pressure. The objective being tracked is operating under desired pressure levels, which assures process safety, also reducing costs. In this scenario, modelling techniques are important tools for narrow operational windows, commonly observed at deepwater and pre-salt layer environments. The major objective of this paper is real time building and comparing model performance for predicting annulus bottom hole pressure, using real time flow, choke index and ROP (rate of penetration) data, available from a drilling site. Neural Network (NN) based models were used successfully for on-line identification purposes, using an adaptive methodology. The proposed methodology can be employed at drilling sites, through the use of PWD (Pressure While Drilling) and mud-logging tools, providing real time data and helping operators to make important decisions concerning safety of the drilling process.
Detection of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serotype <i>typhimurium</i> DT104 Based on a Gene Which Confers Cross-Resistance to Florfenicol and Chloramphenicol (1999)

Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (S. typhimurium) DT104 (DT104) first emerged as a major pathogen in Europe and is characterized by its pentadrug-resistant pattern. It has also been associated with outbreaks in the United States. The organism typically carries resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. The mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance in DT104 was determined by producing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli host strain clones from DT104 DNA. DNA from chloramphenicol-resistant clones was sequenced, and probes specific for the genes floS. typhimurium (floSt), int, invA, and spvC were produced for colony blot hybridizations. One hundred nine Salmonella isolates, including 44 multidrug-resistant DT104 isolates, were tested to evaluate the specificities of the probes. The gene floSt, reported in this study, confers chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance on S. typhimurium DT104. Florfenicol resistance is unique to S. typhimurium DT104 and multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium isolates with the same drug resistance profile among all isolates evaluated. Of 44 DT104 isolates tested, 98% were detected based on phenotypic florfenicol resistance and 100% had the floSt-positive genotype. Resistances to florfenicol and chloramphenicol are conferred by the gene floSt, described in this paper. Presumptive identification of S. typhimurium DT104 can be made rapidly based on the presence of the floSt gene or its resulting phenotype.
Effect of Molecular Weight and Method of Deësterification on the Gelling Behavior of Pectin<sup>2</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Molecular Weight and Method of Deësterification on the Gelling Behavior of Pectin2Rudolph Speiser and C. R. EddyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 2, 287–293Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01206a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01206a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts