gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of fetal cells from maternal blood by high gradient magnetic cell sorting (double MACS) for PCR‐based genetic analysis (1994)

For simple and effective isolation of fetal cells from peripheral maternal blood, we combined depletion of maternal cells and enrichment of fetal cells by high-gradient magnetic cell separation (MACS). First CD45+ and CD14+ cells were depleted from maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MACS. From the depleted fraction, CD71+ erythroid cells were enriched up to 80 per cent by MACS. This double-MACS' procedure yielded an average depletion rate of 780-fold and an average enrichment rate of 500-fold, with approximate recovery rates of 40-55 per cent. For paternity testing, cells from unseparated blood and the various fractions were analysed for polymorphism of the HLA-DQ-A1 locus and D1S80 locus by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In CD45-/CD71+ sorted cells from maternal blood, but not in unfractionated cells from maternal blood or CD45-/CD14- cells, paternal alleles could be detected. In the CD45-/CD71+ fraction, the relative frequency of paternal alleles compared with maternal alleles ranged from 1 in 20 to 1 in 200 (determined by titration and depending on the quality of separation and biological variation). In 7 out of 11 cases, between weeks 12 and 25 of gestation, we could identify paternal alleles by PCR, either HLA-DQ-A1 or D1S80. This double-MACS procedure is simple, fast, efficient, and reliable for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.
Reduction of TOCL Contaminants in Polyaminoamide Epichlorohydrin Wet Strength Resins. (1992)

Typical commercially avaiable polyaminoamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet strength resins contain average 11% (solids/solids) low molecular weight organic chloride contaminants, based on GC and NMR analyses. The total organic chloride (TOCL) consists of unreacted epichlorohydrin, and the byproducts dichloropropanol and chloropropanediol formed during resin synthesis. These TOCL components are distributed throughout the water, paper and atmosphere of papermaking systems in substantial quantities under commonly used PAE dosage conditions.
An Experimental Television System: Part II-The Transmitter (1934)

A description is given of an experimental television pick-up and transmitting installation which used a special form of cathode ray tube, the iconoscope, as the signal generating device. The installation included facilities for remote pick-up of outdoor scenes and the relaying of programs by radio. The transmitted subject matter for the tests included motion picture film, studio scenes, and outdoor scenes. Description is given of video frequency amplifiers having uniform frequency response from about 20 cycles to 600,000 cycles per second. Discussions are given on several of the problems which arose in the use of the iconoscope.
An Interval Classifier for Database Mining Applications (1992)

We are given a large population database that contains information about population instances. The population is known to comprise of m groups, but the population instances are not labeled with the group identification. Also given is a population sample (much smaller than the population but representative ofit) in which the group labels of the instances are known. We present aninterval classifier (IC) which generates a classification function for each group that can be used to efficiently retrieve all instances of the specied group from the population database. To allow IC to be embedded in interactive loops to answer adhoc queries about attributes with missing values, IC has been designed to be efficient in the generation of classification functions. Preliminary experimental results indicate that IC not only has retrieval and classifier generation efficiency advantages, but also compares favorably in the classification accuracy with current tree classifirs, such as ID3, which were primarily designed for minimizing classification errors. We also describe some new applications that arise from encapsulating the classification capability in database systems and discuss extensions to IC for it to be used in these new application domains.
Characterization of the promoter region and oligomerization domain of H4 (D10S170), a gene frequently rearranged with the ret proto-oncogene. (1995)

PTC-1, the predominant form of PTC oncogene in human papillary thyroid carcinoma, encodes a fusion protein containing the N-terminus of H4 (D10S170) fused 5' to the ret tyrosine kinase domain. Accordingly, the PTC-1 expression is driven by the H4 gene promoter. Our study showed that H4 is expressed in various human tissues, including thyroid. Furthermore, we have localized the transcriptional start sites of H4 to a region 100 to 190 bp upstream of the translation initiation site (ATG) by primer extension assay, and the H4 promoter to a region within 259 bp upstream of the ATG site by luciferase assay. Interestingly, protein sequence analysis indicated a potential coiled-coil domain in the N-terminal region of H4. Indeed, oligomerization was demonstrated by an in vitro assay with recombinant proteins containing this region. As dimerization is considered to be a crucial step for receptor tyrosine kinase activation, we hypothesize that both unscheduled expression of ret tyrosine kinase and constitutive oligomerization of PTC-1 proteins are responsible for PTC-1 transforming activity in thyroid.
Yeast Mutants Affecting Possible Quality Control of Plasma Membrane Proteins (1999)

Mutations gef1, stp22, STP26, and STP27 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified as suppressors of the temperature-sensitive alpha-factor receptor (mutation ste2-3) and arginine permease (mutation can1(ts)). These suppressors inhibited the elimination of misfolded receptors (synthesized at 34 degrees C) as well as damaged surface receptors (shifted from 22 to 34 degrees C). The stp22 mutation (allelic to vps23 [M. Babst and S. Emr, personal communication] and the STP26 mutation also caused missorting of carboxypeptidase Y, and ste2-3 was suppressed by mutations vps1, vps8, vps10, and vps28 but not by mutation vps3. In the stp22 mutant, both the mutant and the wild-type receptors (tagged with green fluorescent protein [GFP]) accumulated within an endosome-like compartment and were excluded from the vacuole. GFP-tagged Stp22p also accumulated in this compartment. Upon reaching the vacuole, cytoplasmic domains of both mutant and wild-type receptors appeared within the vacuolar lumen. Stp22p and Gef1p are similar to tumor susceptibility protein TSG101 and voltage-gated chloride channel, respectively. These results identify potential elements of plasma membrane quality control and indicate that cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins are translocated into the vacuolar lumen.
Entrapment of gas in the spreading of a liquid over a rough surface (1958)

Abstract Conditions for the incomplete displacement of gas from the valley between two parallel ridges by a liquid‐drop front advancing over the ridges are calculated. The significant parameters are found to be the liquid density, surface tension, contact angle, and geometry of the ridges. The solution may be obtained analytically or, more conveniently, graphically. Surface roughnesses are divided into four classes, one of which can stably switch from liquid—to gas—fill, and another vice versa. This may account for some of the hysteresis effects reported in bubble nucleation. It is pointed out that surfaces consisting predominately of cavities are more likely to follow these considerations than grooved surfaces, owing to displacement of gas by advance of liquid along the grooves. An example important in boiling and cavitation theory is worked out, and qualitative agreement with the literature is shown.
Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT of the Brain in the Neonate (1990)

A brain scan with Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HMPAO) performed on a neonate demonstrated normal localization only in the sensorimotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. This pattern of localization is remarkably similar to previously published PET images of the neonate. Because Tc-99m HMPAO is readily available and has biochemical and physical characteristics that are suitable for perfusion imaging of the brain, it likely will become a major imaging agent in nuclear medicine. Normal scan findings in the neonatal age group with Tc-99m HMPAO have not been previously reported because of limited clinical use to date.
Cell stroma interactions in aortic endothelial cell cultures. (1979)

The behavior of bovine aortic endothelial cell cultures indicates that they interact with the extracellular materials they produce. In nonconfluent cultures the basal part of the cell is oriented on the plastic of the culture dish with the apex facing the culture medium. At confluence, fibrillar and ruthenium red-stained material, partly proteoglycan in nature, appears beneath the cells. In older cultures, a second layer of endothelial cells grows beneath the original one next to the plastic. This layer is oriented differently, being inverted in that the apex of the cells points to the plastic and the base toward secreted extracellular materials. Because of this orientation, cells tend to peel off the dish. The morphologic sequences thus suggest that polarity of endothelial cells in culture depends on its environment, with a hierarchy of polarity. In the absence of matrix materials, orientation is determined by the plastic. When extracellular materials form, endothelial cells then orient on them. Thus, the cells appear to manufacture and secrete the molecules on which their topography depends. Smooth muscle cells from the same bovine aortas do not seem to have this polarity. Glycosaminoglycans synthesized by the two cell types also differ.
Enhancing Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Activity on Substrates with 3′ Terminal Structures for Enzymatic De Novo DNA Synthesis (2020)

Enzymatic oligonucleotide synthesis methods based on the template-independent polymerase terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) promise to enable the de novo synthesis of long oligonucleotides under mild, aqueous conditions. Intermediates with a 3' terminal structure (hairpins) will inevitably arise during synthesis, but TdT has poor activity on these structured substrates, limiting its usefulness for oligonucleotide synthesis. Here, we described two parallel efforts to improve the activity of TdT on hairpins: (1) optimization of the concentrations of the divalent cation cofactors and (2) engineering TdT for enhanced thermostability, enabling reactions at elevated temperatures. By combining both of these improvements, we obtained a ~10-fold increase in the elongation rate of a guanine-cytosine hairpin.
Hybrid location-content addressable memory (2002)

A neural network model, called the hybrid location-content addressable memory (HyLCAM), for representing binary-to-binary mappings is presented. A cascaded connection of a single-layer perceptron and a location addressable memory characterizes the structure of the HyLCAM that implements the concept of indirect association. A three-tuple (X,Z,Y) defines the state of the HyLCAM. The intermediate state Z plays an important role in learning and storing the given association (X, Y). The key of HyLCAM encoding is that a designer is to construct the immediate states so that they are linearly separable with respect to inputs. This manual operation, referred to as code generation, eliminates the limitations of back propagation, such as a slow learning speed and the convergence to error local minima. Two simple code generation methods are developed, and their performances are compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regioselective Anodic Monofluorination of Ethers, Lactones, Carbonates, and Esters Using Ionic Liquid Fluoride Salts (2006)

Regioselective anodic fluorination of various cyclic and open-chain oxygen compounds like ethers, lactones, carbonates, and esters in ionic liquids, and without a solvent was successfully carried out to give the corresponding monofluorinated products in moderate to high yields. It was demonstrated that some fluorinated ethers were isolated simply by distillation of the electrolytic solutions. This is the first example of successful partial anodic fluorination under completely solvent-free conditions.
Regulatory small RNAs circumvent the conventional quorum sensing pathway in pandemic <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (2007)

Using a process called quorum sensing (QS), bacteria communicate with extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers (AIs). Response to AIs allows bacteria to coordinate gene expression on a population-wide scale and thereby carry out particular behaviors in unison, much like multicellular organisms. In Vibrio cholerae El Tor, the etiological agent of the current cholera pandemic, AI information is transduced internally through a phosphorelay circuit that impinges on the transcription of multiple small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs). These RNAs base-pair with, and repress the translation of, the mRNA encoding the master transcriptional regulator HapR. In V. cholerae, HapR controls virulence factor expression and biofilm formation. Here we identify a sRNA-dependent, HapR-independent QS pathway in which the sRNAs base-pair with a new target mRNA and activate translation by preventing formation of a translation-inhibiting stem-loop structure. We show that the classical V. cholerae strain, which caused previous pandemics and is reportedly incapable of QS because of a nonfunctional HapR, nonetheless exhibits QS-controlled gene expression through this new HapR-independent pathway.
Modified constraint induced therapy: a randomized feasibility and efficacy study. (2002)

This case series examined the feasibility and efficacy of a modified constraint induced therapy (CIT) protocol administered on an outpatient basis. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery After Stroke (Fugl), Action Research Arm Test (ARA), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and Motor Activity Log (MAL) were administered to six patients between 2 and 6 months poststroke (CVA) exhibiting stable motor deficits and learned nonuse of the affected limb. Two patients then participated in half-hour physical and occupational therapy sessions three times/week for 10 weeks. During the same period, their unaffected arms and hands were restrained 5 days/week during 5 hours identified as times of frequent use. Two other patients received regular therapy and two control patients received no therapy. The ARA, Fugl, WMFT, and MAL were again administered after 10 weeks. Patients receiving modified CIT exhibited substantial improvements on the Fugl, ARA, and WMFT, as well as increases in amount and quality of use of the limb using the MAL. Patients receiving traditional or no therapy exhibited no improvements. Results suggest that modified CIT may be an efficacious method of improving function and use of the affected arms of patients exhibiting learned nonuse.
Effects of catalytic hydrotreating on light cycle oil fuel quality (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of catalytic hydrotreating on light cycle oil fuel qualityJamal A. Anabtawi and Syed A. AliCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 12, 2586–2592Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00060a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00060a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assessment of fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients: a systematic review of literature (2018)

Patients who increase stoke volume or cardiac index more than 10 or 15% after a fluid challenge are usually considered fluid responders. Assessment of fluid responsiveness prior to volume expansion is critical to avoid fluid overload, which has been associated with poor outcomes. Maneuvers to assess fluid responsiveness are well established in mechanically ventilated patients; however, few studies evaluated maneuvers to predict fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients. Our objective was to perform a systematic review of literature addressing the available methods to assess fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients. Studies were identified through electronic literature search of PubMed from 01/08/2009 to 01/08/2016 by two independent authors. No restrictions on language were adopted. Quality of included studies was evaluated with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Our search strategy identified 537 studies, and 9 studies were added through manual search. Of those, 15 studies (12 intensive care unit patients; 1 emergency department patients; 1 intensive care unit and emergency department patients; 1 operating room) were included in this analysis. In total, 649 spontaneously breathing patients were assessed for fluid responsiveness. Of those, 340 (52%) were deemed fluid responsive. Pulse pressure variation during the Valsalva maneuver (∆PPV) of 52% (AUC ± SD: 0.98 ± 0.03) and passive leg raising-induced change in stroke volume (∆SV-PLR) > 13% (AUC ± SD: 0.96 ± 0.03) showed the highest accuracy to predict fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients. Our systematic review indicates that regardless of the limitations of each maneuver, fluid responsiveness can be assessed in spontaneously breathing patients. Further well-designed studies, with adequate simple size and power, are necessary to confirm the real accuracy of the different methods used to assess fluid responsiveness in this population of patients.
Towards effective embedded processors in codesigns: customizable partitioned caches (2002)

This paper explores an application-specific customization technique for the data cache, one of the foremost area/power consuming and performance determining microarchitectural features of modern embedded processors. The automated methodology for customizing the processor microarchitecture that we propose results in increased performance, reduced power consumption and improved determinism of critical system parts while the fixed design ensures processor standardization. The resulting improvements help to enlarge the significant role of embedded processors in modern hardware/software codesign techniques by leading to increased processor utilization and reduced hardware cost. A novel methodology for static analysis and a field-reprogrammable implementation of a customizable cache controller that implements a partitioned cache structure is proposed. The simulation results show significant decrease of miss ratio compared to traditional cache organizations.
Increased Lipid Oxidation Causes Oxidative Stress, Increased Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ Expression, and Diminished Pro-osteogenic Wnt Signaling in the Skeleton (2009)

Loss of bone mass with advancing age in mice is because of decreased osteoblast number and is associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased canonical Wnt signaling. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We report an age-related increase in the lipid oxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) as well as increased expression of lipoxygenase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) in the murine skeleton. These changes together with decreased Wnt signaling are reproduced in 4-month-old mice bearing a high expressing allele of the lipoxygenase Alox15. The addition of 4-HNE to cultured osteoblastic cells increases oxidative stress, which in turn diverts beta-catenin from T-cell-specific transcription factors to Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors, thereby attenuating the suppressive effect of beta-catenin on PPARgamma gene expression. Oxidized lipids, acting as ligands of PPARgamma, promote binding of PPARgamma2 to beta-catenin and reduce the levels of the latter, and they attenuate Wnt3a-stimulated proliferation and osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, oxidized lipids and 4-HNE stimulate apoptosis of osteoblastic cells. In view of the role of oxidized lipids in atherogenesis, the adverse effects of lipoxygenase-mediated lipid oxidation on the differentiation and survival of osteoblasts may provide a mechanistic explanation for the link between atherosclerosis and osteoporosis.
Effect of Preheat Treatment on Coal Liquefaction (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Preheat Treatment on Coal LiquefactionYoshinari Inukai, Seiji Arita, and Hideharu HirosueCite this: Energy Fuels 1995, 9, 1, 67–70Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00049a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00049a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts