gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radical [3 + 2] Annulation of <i>N</i>-Allyl-<i>N</i>-chlorotosylamide with Alkenes via Atom-Transfer Process (2001)

[reaction: see text]. A radical [3+2] annulation reaction with an N-centered radical has been developed. The reaction of alkenes with N-allyl-N-chlorotosylamide yields the corresponding pyrrolidine derivatives in good yields in the presence of Et3B as a radical initiator.
A response to the design-oriented information systems research memorandum (2010)

In response to Österle et al.'s ‘Memorandum on Design Oriented Information Systems Research’, this commentary disputes, and expands the context of, several premises used to justify the main argument in the memorandum. These include: (1) claims about the evolution and role of design science research in the broader IS community and its position in the so-called ‘Anglo-Saxon community’, (2) the journal reviewing standards applied to design science research and what is perceived to be a sole focus on behavioral ‘descriptive’ research in certain IS journals. This commentary also discusses how such journals operate and set up their missions, review principles, and standards.
Noninvasive peripheral perfusion index as a possible tool for screening for critical left heart obstruction (2007)

PPI values lower than 0.70 may indicate illness and a value <0.50 (1st percentile) indicates definite underperfusion. PPI values might be a useful additional tool for early detection of LHOD.
Fast algorithm for nearest neighbor search based on a lower bound tree (2002)

This paper presents a novel algorithm for fast nearest neighbor search. At the preprocessing stage, the proposed algorithm constructs a lower bound tree by agglomeratively clustering the sample points in the database. Calculation of the distance between the query and the sample points can be avoided if the lower bound of the distance is already larger than the minimum distance. The search process can thus be accelerated because the computational cost of the lower bound which can be calculated by using the internal node of the lower bound tree, is less than that of the distance. To reduce the number of the lower bounds actually calculated the winner-update search strategy is used for traversing the tree. Moreover, the query and the sample points can be transformed for further efficiency improvement. Our experiments show that the proposed algorithm can greatly speed up the nearest neighbor search process. When applying to the real database used in Nayar's object recognition system, the proposed algorithm is about one thousand times faster than the exhaustive search.
Adapting general-purpose speech recognition engine output for domain-specific natural language question answering (2017)

Speech-based natural language question-answering interfaces to enterprise systems are gaining a lot of attention. General-purpose speech engines can be integrated with NLP systems to provide such interfaces. Usually, general-purpose speech engines are trained on large `general' corpus. However, when such engines are used for specific domains, they may not recognize domain-specific words well, and may produce erroneous output. Further, the accent and the environmental conditions in which the speaker speaks a sentence may induce the speech engine to inaccurately recognize certain words. The subsequent natural language question-answering does not produce the requisite results as the question does not accurately represent what the speaker intended. Thus, the speech engine's output may need to be adapted for a domain before further natural language processing is carried out. We present two mechanisms for such an adaptation, one based on evolutionary development and the other based on machine learning, and show how we can repair the speech-output to make the subsequent natural language question-answering better.
Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a population-based, longitudinal study in Manitoba, Canada (2001)

Some well-known risk factors for AD were confirmed in this study and potential new risk factors were identified. The association of AD with a history of migraines and occupational exposure to defoliants/fumigants is of particular interest because these are biologically plausible risk factors.
Søren Holm: Mythe og kult i Grundtvigs salmedigtning (1956)

Søren Holm: Myths and Cult in Grundtvigs Hymns. 1955. By Steen Johansen. Grundtvig’s hymns are distinguished from most other hymn-writing by a much stronger poetic grasp of the religious subject-matter: the discription of Christ’s birth, of His work, His death, His resurrection, etc. This recreation of the religious life and of the sacred acts of the Church Service in his hymns is so powerful that many have called Grundtvig’s hymns “ cult-hymns” and have compared his Christianity, as it is expressed in his hymns, with the cults of the old pre-Christian national religions, whose world philosophy demands a mythology, and whose centre is a mystic action. In these religions the practicing of the cult means the repetition of the mystic action, whereby those who partake in it obtain strength and renewal for their daily life. — Søren Holm seeks to show that this also applies to Grundtvig. But the reviewer considers that Søren Holm has gone a little too far in his attempts to do this. Grundtvig’s world philosophy is not mythological like that of the old national religions, but Biblical, even if Søren Holm wishes to include Christianity and the old national religions in the same classification as mythological. More interesting is his attempt to show the elements of cult in the hymns. Such elements undoubtedly exist. But it is debatable whether they are so pronounced as to overstep the bounds of what is Christian. Søren Holm, however, has no doubt that this is the case.
Easy Access to Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivatives via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azomethine Ylides to C<sub>60</sub> (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTEasy Access to Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivatives via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azomethine Ylides to C60Tatiana Da Ros, Maurizio Prato, Fabiola Novello, Michele Maggini, and Elena BanfiView Author Information Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy Centro Meccanismi di Reazioni Organiche del CNR, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Via A. Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 25, 9070–9072Publication Date (Web):December 13, 1996Publication History Received6 August 1996Published online13 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/jo961522tCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1747Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (130 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbon nanomaterials,Nanospheres,Nicotine,Reaction products,Solubilization Get e-Alerts
Indigenous Summiteers Put Dreams into Practice (2008)

Several initiatives proposed by various Indigenous delegates at the 2020 Summit are discussed. Their ideas on the advancement of the Indigenous Australian community in areas of health, education and social and economic development, with cooperation from mainstream society are commended.
Microarray analysis of embryonic retinoic acid target genes in the ascidian <i>Ciona intestinalis</i> (2003)

Many chordate- and vertebrate-specific characteristics develop depending on retinoic acid (RA). Because the gene encoding the RA receptor exists only in chordates, RA function seems to be involved in chordate evolution. A cDNA microarray analysis of 9287 non-redundant cDNA clones was used to screen for RA target genes in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. In addition, the spatial expression pattern of 94 candidate RA target genes was examined by in situ hybridization in RA-treated and control embryos. Strong RA-induced upregulation of Hox-1 and Cyp26 was observed, as is the case in vertebrates. In addition, a number of novel candidate target genes was identified. These included transcription factors and signaling molecules, suggesting that various differentiation and/or morphogenetic pathways are modulated by RA. The expression of cell adhesion molecules, cytoskeletal proteins and extracellular matrix components was affected by RA. Changes in the expression pattern of these genes may be a direct cause of abnormal morphogenesis of the anterior neural tissues. RA also affected the expression of genes that seemed to be involved in neuronal functions. Although obvious homeotic transformation has not been observed, the function of various neural cell types seemed to be impaired by RA. The microarray data are reliable and will contribute to comprehensive understanding of RA action in the development and evolution of chordates.
MOSFET synchronous rectifier with saturable transformer commutation for high frequency converters (2002)

A method of obtaining high efficiency in high frequency power converters of low voltage output is presented, where a MOSFET synchronous rectifier is combined with a saturable transformer for commutation. By this method, switching losses and switching surges due to the parasitic capacitance and the parasitic diode of MOSFET are reduced. The results of experiments on a power converter of 3 V output at f = 500 kHz show that the efficiency is greatly improved with this method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tryptophan: The key to boosting brain serotonin synthesis in depressive illness (2013)

It has been proposed that focusing on brain serotonin synthesis can advance antidepressant drug development. Biochemical aspects of the serotonin deficiency in major depressive disorder (MDD) are discussed here in detail. The deficiency is caused by a decreased availability of the serotonin precursor tryptophan (Trp) to the brain. This decrease is caused by accelerated Trp degradation, most likely induced by enhancement of the hepatic enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) by glucocorticoids and/or catecholamines. Induction of the extrahepatic Trp-degrading enzyme indolylamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by the modest immune activation in MDD has not been demonstrated and, if it occurs, is unlikely to make a significant contribution. Liver TDO appears to be a target of many antidepressants, the mood stabilisers Li(+) and carbamazepine and possibly other adjuncts to antidepressant therapy. The poor, variable and modest antidepressant efficacy of Trp is due to accelerated hepatic Trp degradation, and efficacy can be restored or enhanced by combination with antidepressants or other existing or new TDO inhibitors. Enhancing Trp availability to the brain is thus the key to normalisation of serotonin synthesis and could form the basis for future antidepressant drug development.
The Possible Role of Immunological Complement In Induction of Rabbit Sperm Acrosome Reaction (1978)

The rabbit acrosome reaction, which involves membrane breakdown and release of enzymes for penetration of egg investments, is induced by a specific stimulus in follicular fluid at the site of fertilization. Since follicular fluid is a blood plasma filtrate and immunological complement is known to interact with cell membranes, the complement system was examined as the agent which might induce the acrosome reaction in vivo. Bovine follicular fluid induces the acrosome reaction in capacitated rabbit spermatozoa in an in vivo assay and this effect could be blocked by antibody to bovine complement component C3. Addition of exogenous purified human C3 to this system overcame the inhibition and the acrosome reation was induced, but C3 alone without follicular fluid had no effect on sperm acrosomes. Similarly, fertilization of rabbit ova in vitro was prevented by antiserum to rabbit complement component C3 while addition of excess human C3 allowed fertilization to proceed. Use of C1 inactivator in bovine follicular fluid did not reduce its activity, but removal of the component properdin by complexing with zymosan resulted in reduced acrosome reactions. This suggests that the alternate pathway may be involved rather than the classical pathway. The total complement system was demonstrated by erythrocyte hemolysis assay to be present in follicular fluid, but extremely low or absent in rabbit oviduct and uterine fluid. Thus, the data presented in this paper show that complement is present in the appropriate fluid and may be involved in the fertilization process of the rabbit by inducing the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa.
Functional Foods for Disease Prevention II (1998)

"Functional Foods" research project started first in 1984, under the sponsorship of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, and the concept for "tertiary function" has been proposed first. This paper mainly focused on foods with "tertiary function" which are expected to contribute to disease prevention by modulating modulation of physiological systems such as immune, endocrne, nervous, circulatory and digestive systems. Following the activation and development of systematic and large-scale "Functional Foods Research" sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Science andCulture, a national policy has approved "Functional Foods" in terms of FOSHU (Foods for Specified Health Uses) by Minstry of Welfare. Until now, more than 100 food items have been approved and introduced to market as FOSHU according to new legislation by minstry of Welfare. In this paper, I explain the reason why "Functional Foods"started in Japan, and I also discuss the background and recent progress of Functional Food Research in Japan. In this paper, we also review the recent progress of research on functions of dietary antioxidants as one example for "Functional Foods".
Polymerization by [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition, 5. Telechelics with isocyanate end‐groups (1993)

Abstract The “criss‐cross” cycloaddition reaction between derivatives of benzaldehyde azine and several diisocyanates is used for the synthesis of polymers with an uncommon structure element: the 1,3,5,7‐tetrazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane‐2,6‐dione. The nature of the diisocyanate determines the reactivity in this cycloaddition polycondensation and the solubility of the new polymers. A degree of polymerization up to P n = 72 could be achieved. Due to the nature of the polycondensation reaction, the polymers have two isocyanate end‐groups, independent of the stoichiometry of the monomer mixture at the beginning of the reaction. Thus, a prepolymer was synthesized and the chain extension by reaction of its isocyanate end‐groups with diamines was studied in some detail.
Mechanisms of Calcium Decay Kinetics in Hippocampal Spines: Role of Spine Calcium Pumps and Calcium Diffusion through the Spine Neck in Biochemical Compartmentalization (2000)

Dendritic spines receive most excitatory inputs in the CNS and compartmentalize calcium. Although the mechanisms of calcium influx into spines have been explored, it is unknown what determines the calcium decay kinetics in spines. With two-photon microscopy we investigate action potential-induced calcium dynamics in spines from rat CA1 pyramidal neurons in slices. The [Ca(2+)](i) in most spines shows two decay kinetics: an initial fast component, during which [Ca(2+)](i) in spines decays to dendritic levels, followed by a slower decay phase in which the spine follows dendritic kinetics. The correlation between [Ca(2+)](i) in spine and dendrite at the breakpoint of the decay kinetics demonstrates diffusional equilibration between spine and dendrite during the slower component. To explain the faster initial decay, we rule out saturation or kinetic effects of endogenous or exogenous buffers and focus instead on (1) active calcium extrusion and (2) buffered diffusion of calcium from spine to dendrite. The presence of an undershoot in most spines indicates that extrusion mechanisms can be intrinsic to the spine. Supporting the two mechanisms, pharmacological blockade of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium (SERCA) pumps and the length of the spine neck affect spine decay kinetics. Using a mathematical model, we find that the contribution of calcium pumps and diffusion varies from spine to spine. We conclude that dendritic spines have calcium pumps and that their density and kinetics, together with the morphology of the spine neck, determine the time during which the spine compartmentalizes calcium.
Regulation of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis in cultured dopamine neurons by depolarization and cAMP. (1994)

Primary cultures containing embryonic rat brain mesencephalic or hypothalamic dopamine neurons were used to examine the effects of membrane depolarization and elevations of cAMP levels on tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor content. Initial studies showed that 24-h incubations with 8-bromo-cAMP or isobutyl methylxanthine increased cofactor levels in either culture system, whereas the stimulatory effects of forskolin or depolarization of membrane potential were only observed in cultures of hypothalamus. 8-Bromo-cAMP was found to increase cofactor content in a concentration-dependent manner, with increases observed up to 5 mM. The time course of the effect of 8-bromo-cAMP was biphasic. Over the short term, an increase of 50% in cofactor content at 2 and 5 h was detected. Over the long term, by 24-48 h, cofactor levels increased by between 100% and 300%. Studies of cofactor turnover indicated that the long-term increase was due to stimulation of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis with no alteration in degradation rate. Inhibitors of gene transcription and translation prevented the long- but not short-term increase in cofactor content. Levels of GTP cyclohydrolase I mRNA were increased 7-10-fold following 5 h of incubation with 8-bromo-cAMP. Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis within cultured dopamine neurons of the hypothalamus and mesencephalon thus appears to be regulated by a cAMP-dependent mechanism involving enhanced gene expression of enzyme(s) involved in cofactor biosynthesis.
Are Frozen Foods a Public Health Problem? (1947)

Are Frozen Foods a Public Health Problem? Gerald A. Fitzgerald CopyRight*Presented before the Food and Nutrition Section of the American Public Health Association, at the Seventy-fourth Annual Meeting in Cleveland, Ohio, November 14, 1946. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.37.6.695 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Pressurized<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">H</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>rf Cavities in Ionizing Beams and Magnetic Fields (2013)

A major technological challenge in building a muon cooling channel is operating rf cavities in multitesla external magnetic fields. We report the first proof-of-principle experiment of a high pressure gas-filled rf cavity for use with intense ionizing beams and strong external magnetic fields. rf power consumption by beam-induced plasma is investigated with hydrogen and deuterium gases with pressures between 20 and 100 atm and peak rf gradients between 5 and 50 MV/m. The low pressure case agrees well with an analytical model based on electron and ion mobilities. Varying concentrations of oxygen gas are investigated to remove free electrons from the cavity and reduce the rf power consumption. Measurements of the electron attachment time to oxygen and rate of ion-ion recombination are also made. Additionally, we demonstrate the operation of the gas-filled rf cavity in a solenoidal field of up to 3 T, finding no major magnetic field dependence. All these results indicate that a high pressure gas-filled cavity is a viable technology for muon ionization cooling.
Exogenous Ceramide-1-phosphate Reduces Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated Cytokine Expression (2011)

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a component of the innate immune system that recognizes a diverse group of molecular structures, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. TLR4 signaling ultimately leads to activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and the production of cytokines. Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid that has been suggested to regulate TLR4-induced NF-κB signaling, although reports on the role of ceramide in TLR4 activation conflict. We investigated the possibility that ceramide metabolites, such as ceramide-1-phosphate (C-1-P), may explain these discrepancies. We now report that exogenous C-1-P, but not ceramide, reduces NF-κB-mediated gene transcription in HEK 293 cells stably transfected with human TLR4, CD14, and MD-2. We demonstrate that inhibition of NF-κB by exogenous C-1-P is dose-dependent and specific to TLR4 in a reporter assay. We further demonstrate a requirement for both the phosphate moiety and the sphingoid backbone to inhibit LPS-activated NF-κB transcription. Specifically, C-1-P prevents the degradation of IκB, the phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, and LPS-stimulated MAPK activation. The functional consequence of C-1-P inhibition of NF-κB is a reduction in LPS-mediated cytokine release from HEK 293 TLR4-expressing cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that C-1-P may function as an anti-inflammatory lipid mediator of immune response.
TWO OBSERVER REVIEWERS: GERALD GOULD AND HUMBERT WOLFE (1944)

TWO OBSERVER REVIEWERS: GERALD GOULD AND HUMBERT WOLFE Get access Viola Gerard Garvin Viola Gerard Garvin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 5, Issue 25, Spring 1944, Pages 4–7, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/5.25.4 Published: 01 March 1944
The use of network delay estimation for multimedia data retrieval (1996)

Multimedia data have specific temporal presentation requirements. For example in video conferencing applications the voice and images of the participants must be delivered and presented synchronously. These requirements can be achieved by scheduling or managing system resources. We present a technique called limited a priori scheduling (LAP) to manage the delivery channel from source to destination for digital multimedia data. By using delay estimation a LAP scheduler can retrieve stored digital media spanning arbitrary networks with unspecified delays. The use of delay estimation also facilitates selective degradation of service in bandwidth and buffer limited situations. Such degradation enables the continuous real-time playout and synchronization of various media arriving from different sources. The performance of the LAP scheduler is described based on implementation and experimentation using Ethernet.