gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specification and validation of communications in client/server models (2002)

Errors such as deadlock and race conditions are very common yet extremely difficult to debug in the communications design of client/server models based on remote procedure calls and multi-threading. This paper presents an effective approach to detecting these errors. It shows how to apply the specification and validation techniques used in protocol engineering to discover those errors in the early stages of a client/server software development. The work is based on the protocol specification and validation tool PROMELA/SPIN. PROMELA is extended to a new language called PROMELA-C/S for additional expressive power of specifying client/server communications. A PROMELA-C/S translator is built to convert PROMELA-C/S to PROMELA for validation using SPIN. The paper also reports the results of some specification and validation trials using PROMELA-C/S, its translator, and SPIN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thrombolytic and pharmacokinetic properties of a conjugate of recombinant single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator with a monoclonal antibody specific for cross-linked fibrin in a baboon venous thrombosis model. (1990)

Chemical conjugates between recombinant single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (rscu-PA) and a murine monoclonal antibody directed against fragment D-dimer of cross-linked human fibrin (MA-15C5), rscu-PA/MA-15C5, and between rscu-PA and a control monoclonal antibody (MA-1C8), rscu-PA/MA-1C8, were produced by cross-linking with N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP). In an in vitro system composed of a [125 I]fibrin-labeled baboon plasma clot immersed in autologous citrated plasma, dose- and time-dependent lysis was obtained with a ratio of the potencies of free and conjugated rscu-PA similar to that in human plasma: 50% lysis in 2 hours required 4.3 micrograms/ml rscu-PA, 1.0 microgram/ml urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) equivalent rscu-PA/MA-15C5, or 15 micrograms/ml u-PA equivalent rscu-PA/MA-1C8. The thrombolytic and pharmacokinetic properties of rscu-PA and of rscu-PA/MA-15C5 were compared in baboons with a 0.8-1.0 ml [125 I]fibrin-labeled autologous blood clot produced in a femoral vein. Continuous intravenous infusion of these compounds during a 2-hour period resulted in dose- and time-dependent lysis. The thrombolytic potency of rscu-PA/MA-15C5 was 3.0 +/- 0.5 times higher (50% lysis with 0.3 +/- 0.02 mg u-PA equivalent/kg body wt) than that of rscu-PA measured by ex vivo isotope recovery from the femoral vein segment (p less than 0.001) and was 2.7 +/- 0.5 times higher (50% lysis with 0.35 +/- 0.02 mg/kg rscu-PA/MA-15C5) by external radioisotope counting (p less than 0.001). A dose of 0.5 mg/kg of rscu-PA/MA-1C8 was much less active than rscu-PA. After the end of the infusion, u-PA-related antigen disappeared from plasma in a biphasic manner with an initial half-time of 2.7 +/- 0.5 for rscu-PA, 24 +/- 1.2 for rscu-PA/MA-15C5, and 21 +/- 0.5 minutes for rscu-PA/MA-1C8 with corresponding plasma clearances of 340 +/- 40, 20 +/- 3, and 24 +/- 2 ml/min, respectively. In conclusion, the increased thrombolytic potency of rscu-PA/MA-15C5 is the result of a reduction of the thrombolytic potency due to coupling of rscu-PA to the antibody molecule, which is counter-balanced by an enhancement of the thrombolytic potency due to fibrin targeting by the specific idiotype.
On the diagnosis of programmable interconnect systems: Theory and application (2002)

This paper considers the diagnosis of field programmable interconnect systems (FPIS) in which programmable grids made of switches are included. For this type of interconnects, the number of times the grid must be programmed and the programming sequence of the switches an two of the most important figures of merit for full diagnosis (defection and location with no aliasing and confounding). A hierarchical approach to diagnosis is proposed and fully characterized. The application of this technique to commercially available FPIS such as FPGAs, is discussed. It is shown that the proposed diagnostic technique can be applied to the general purpose interconnect of the FPGAs in the 3000 family by Xilinx.
Wheel forces during flange climb. I. Track loading vehicle tests (2002)

The Association of American Railroads (AAR) continues to investigate derailment prevention and railroad safety at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) using its Track Loading Vehicle (TLV). Full-scale testing of wheel climb and conditions found to cause derailments are discussed in this paper. A primary goal of this research activity is to further the understanding of wheel climb through field testing. Another is to validate and/or improve the current wheel climb criteria used in Chapter XI vehicle acceptance tests. The TLV tests measured wheel/rail forces through complete and repeated derailments using an AAR-1B instrumented wheel set through two distinct test track zones: (1) a new rail; and (2) a curve worn rail profile zone. Over 200 controlled derailments have been recorded and analyzed for effects of wheel set yaw angle and lubrication on the limiting derailment forces. The results have shown good correlation with existing theories.
Syntheses of <sup>14</sup>C‐labeled cinnamic, mandelic, phenylacetic, phenylglyoxylic, and phenylpyruvic acids (1974)

Abstract Syntheses are described for 3′‐carboxyphenylpyruvic acid‐2‐C14, 3′‐carboxy‐4′‐hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid‐2‐C14, ( E )‐3′,‐carboxycinnamic acid‐2‐C14, ( E )‐3′‐carboxy‐4′‐hydroxycinnamic acid‐2‐C14, 3′‐carboxyphenylacetic acid‐1‐C14, 3′‐carboxy‐4′‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid‐1‐C14, 3′‐carboxymandelic acid‐1‐C14, 3′‐carboxy‐4′‐hydroxymandelic acid‐1‐C14, 3′‐carboxyphenylglyoxylia acid‐1‐C14, and 3′‐carboxy‐4′‐hydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid‐1‐C14.
Unusual Fungal Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients (2015)

Fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients. The causative agent and the risk factors differ depending on the period after the kidney transplant. Also the incidence varies according to the geographical area. We are reporting three cases of fungal infections in renal transplant recipients. Two of them have etiological agents which are common among immunosuppressed patients, but with an atypical clinical presentation, while one of them is a subcutaneous infection caused by a less frequent dematiaceous fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans. These cases highlight how a high index of clinical suspicion and prompt diagnosis is very much essential for better outcome. The emerging fungal infections and paucity of data regarding their management pose a challenge to the transplant physicians.
Detection of abrupt motion in DCE-MRI (2012)

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is being increasingly used as a method for studying the tumor vasculature. It is also used as a biomarker to evaluate the response to anti-angiogenic therapies and the efficacy of a therapy. The uptake of contrast in the tissue is analyzed using pharmacokinetic models for understanding the perfusion characteristics and cell structure, which are indicative of tumor proliferation. However, in most of these 4D acquisitions the time required for the complete scan are quite long as sufficient time must be allowed for the passage of contrast medium from the vasculature to the tumor interstitium and subsequent extraction. Patient motion during such long scans is one of the major challenges that hamper automated and robust quantification. A system that could automatically detect if motion has occurred during the acquisition would be extremely beneficial. Patient motion observed during such 4D acquisitions are often rapid shifts, probably due to involuntary actions such as coughing, sneezing, peristalsis, or jerk due to discomfort. The detection of such abrupt motion would help to decide on a course of action for correction for motion such as eliminating time frames affected by motion from analysis, or employing a registration algorithm, or even considering the exam us unanalyzable. In this paper a new technique is proposed for effective detection of motion in 4D medical scans by determination of the variation in the signal characteristics from multiple regions of interest across time. This approach offers a robust, powerful, yet simple technique to detect motion.
A Large Proportion of Patients With a Diagnosis of Essential Thrombocythemia Do Not Have a Clonal Disorder and May Be at Lower Risk of Thrombotic Complications (1999)

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is traditionally considered to be a clonal disorder. No specific karyotypic abnormalities have been described, but the demonstration of clonality using X-chromosome inactivation patterns (XCIPs) has been used to differentiate ET from a non-clonal reactive thrombocytosis. However, these assays may be difficult to interpret, and contradictory results have been reported. We have studied 46 females with a diagnosis of ET according to the Polycythemia Vera Study Group (PVSG) criteria. XCIP results in 23 patients (50%) were uninterpretable due to either constitutive or possible acquired age-related skewing. Monoclonal myelopoiesis could be definitively shown in only 10 patients. Thirteen patients had polyclonal myelopoiesis, and in 8, it was possible to exclude clonal restriction to the megakaryocytic lineage. Furthermore, there was no evidence of clonal progenitors in purified CD34+CD33− and CD34+CD33+ subpopulations from bone marrow of 2 of these 13 patients. There was no difference between patients with monoclonal and polyclonal myelopoiesis with respect to age or platelet count at diagnosis, duration of follow-up, incidence of hepatosplenomegaly, or hemorrhagic complications. However, polyclonal patients were less likely to have experienced thrombotic events (P = .039). These results suggest that ET is a heterogeneous disorder, and the clinical significance of clonality status warrants investigation in a larger study.
Induction of Human Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes by Oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins (1996)

Oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) stimulated human blood T cells to a specific cytotoxic response with autologous PHA activated blood mononuclear cells which had been pre-incubated with oxLDL. The cytotoxic reaction was exerted by CD8+ enriched cells but not by CD4+ enriched cells. Allogeneic target cells from HLA mismatched donors were not damaged and the reaction was consistently inhibited by monoclonal antibody against HLA class I. Antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells might contribute to lysis of cells in the atherosclerotic plaque that have taken up oxLDL and thus participate in the inflammatory process associated with atherosclerosis.
The Role of Microglia in the Healthy Brain: Figure 1. (2011)

Microglia were recently shown to play unexpected roles in normal brain development and adult physiology. This has begun to dramatically change our view of these resident "immune" cells. Here, we briefly review topics covered in our 2011 Society for Neuroscience minisymposium "The Role of Microglia in the Healthy Brain." This summary is not meant to be a comprehensive review of microglia physiology, but rather to share new results and stimulate further research into the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which microglia influence postnatal development, adult neuronal plasticity, and circuit function.
Single-cell mutation analysis of tumors from stained histologic slides. (1996)

Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues are a valuable resource for diagnosis and research. PCR is one of the most powerful methods of retrospective analysis of the DNA present in fixed tissues. One major problem with the molecular analysis of tissue samples, however, is cellular heterogeneity, ie, the large variety of cell types usually present in these specimens can mask cell-specific genetic alterations associated with disease. Herein we describe a procedure for obtaining and analyzing single cells recovered from stained histologic tissue sections without risking contamination from neighboring cells. An ultraviolet laser microbeam was used to physically destroy the tissue surrounding the single cells of interest. These cells, now freed from adjacent cells, were then easily retrieved with a motorized, computer-controlled micromanipulator and molecularly characterized through the use of PCR-based microanalysis. This accurate microdissection technique, followed by DNA amplification and direct sequencing, revealed a novel mutation in the gene coding for the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin in single tumor cells that was absent in the adjacent single epithelial cells of a patient with early gastric cancer of the diffuse type. In this form of malignancy, tumor cells lose homophilic cell-to-cell interactions and invade the connective tissue as single cells. E-cadherin gene mutations have previously been detected in advanced diffuse-type gastric cancer and gastric carcinoma cell lines. The present study suggests that E-cadherin gene mutations may be an early event in gastric tumorigenesis. The laser-based isolation and subsequent molecular characterization of individual cells, as described herein, allows for micrometer-sized precision and should prove useful in detecting the nucleic acid abnormalities that underlie cancer, infection, and genetic disease.
Soignes, la plus belle hêtraie d'Europe ? (1973)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Deep Seabed Mining and Developing Countries (1979)

This presentation and panel discussion are part of the symposium entitled: Mining the Deep Seabed: a Range of Perspectives. The paper presents the views of the developing countries on the following group of issues: first, the Declaration of Principles and the value of seabed mining; second, the role of the Enterprise; and third, the institutional arrangements.
Small Leucine Rich Proteoglycans as Novel Tumor Markers In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2010)

Abstract Abstract 694 Background: Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are a family of glycosylated proteins normally expressed in the extracelluar matrix (ECM) of collagen rich tissues. The biological role of the SLRPs is multifactoral, but mostly these proteins are secreted and bind to membrane receptors or ECM proteins affecting cell proliferation and cell migration. Some SLRPs (eg. Decorin, Lumican) have been reported to be expressed in cancer, but the expression as well as the glycosylation pattern differ. Microarray studies have revealed that the SLRP family member fibromodulin (FMOD) gene is overexpressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We later reported the specific expression of FMOD in CLL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). FMOD is located on chromosome 1q32 adjacent to two other members of the SLRP family, proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP) and opticin (OPTC). Aims: To analyse 1) the expression of PRELP and OPTC in CLL and other hematological malignancies. 2) the glycosylation pattern of PRELP and OPTC, and cellular localization of OPTC in CLL cells. Methods: PRELP: Gene expression was tested by RT-PCR and realtime-PCR. Protein expression was tested by western blot. Chemical deglycosylation was performed to characterize the glycosylation pattern of the PRELP protein. OPTC: Cell fractionation was performed using four different methods. Protein expression (molecular weight and cellular location) was tested by western blot. Chemical deglycosylation was performed to characterize the glycosylation pattern of the OPTC protein. Results: PRELP was expressed at the gene level (RT-PCR) in all CLL patients tested (n=30) and in 3/5 patients with mantle cell lymphoma, but not in normal leukocytes (n=10) or in other hematological malignancies (7 different types, n=35). The PRELP protein was detected in all CLL samples tested but not in leukocytes of healthy donors (western blot). Molecular analysis of the CLL PRELP protein revealed a unique unglycosylated 38 kDa core protein, with an intact signal peptide. This protein was not detected in serum that, in combination with the uncleaved signal peptide, suggests cellular retention. A “normal” OPTC protein (50 kDa) was detected in cell lysates of both CLL tumor cells (n=30) and normal leukocytes (n=10). However, the CLL cells also expressed a 37 kDa OPTC that was not detected in healthy controls. This 37 kDa OPTC was detected in all CLL samples and molecular analysis revealed a unique unglycosylated core protein that was located in the cell nucleus and endoplasmatic reticulum of the CLL cells. Conclusion: The unique expression of the SLRPs PRELP and OPTC in CLL (in addition to the previously reported FMOD) is unexpected and merits further studies since the specific expression of three closely related SLRP genes may indicate a role in the pathobiology of the disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Design optimization and system integration of robotic hummingbird (2017)

Flying animals with flapping wings may best exemplify the astonishing ability of natural selection on design optimization by excelling both stability and maneuverability at insect/hummingbird scale. Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FWMAV) holds great promise in bridging the performance gap between engineering system and their natural counterparts. Designing and constructing such a system is a challenging problem under stringent size, weight and power (SWaP) constraints. In this work, we presented a systematic approach for design optimization and integration for a hummingbird inspired FWMAV. Our formulation covers aspects of actuation, dynamics, flight stability and control, which was validated by experimental data for both rigid and flexible wings, ranging from low to high wing loading. The optimization yields prototypes with onboard sensors, electronics, and computation units. The prototype flaps at 30Hz to 40Hz, with 7.5 to 12 grams of system weight and 12 to 20 grams of maximum lift. Liftoff was demonstrated with added payloads. Flapping wing platforms with different requirements and scales can now be designed and optimized with minor modifications of proposed formulation.
Probabilistic methods for Design Assessment of Reliability with Inspection (DARWIN) (2000)

Conventional rotor life prediction methodologies are based on nominal conditions that do not account for material and manufacturing anomalies that can degrade the structural integrity of high energy rotors. In order to account for these anomalies, an industry committee recommended adoption of a probabilistic damage tolerance approach to supplement the current safe life methodology. The DARWIN computer program computes the probability-of-fracture as a function of flight cycles, considering random defect occurrence and location, random inspection schedules, and several other random variables. This study focuses on the probabilistic fatigue analysis methodology developed and implemented in DARWIN Version 3.2. The computational efficiency and accuracy of this computer program is illustrated for several realistic rotor models provided by aircraft engine manufacturers. It is shown that the life approximation function (LAF) and importance sampling (IS) methods significantly reduce computation time (nearly two orders of magnitude) compared to the Monte Carlo method.
The rapid method for road extraction from high-resolution satellite images based on USM algorithm (2012)

With the rapid development of 3D-GIS and image extraction technology, the automatic updates of GIS information have become possible. The road information is an important part of the GIS data, and the general road extraction algorithm had the problem of computational complexity and was time-consuming. In this paper, the improved Unsharp Mask (USM) sharpening algorithm is used to enhance the image, and to strengthen the road feature with the surrounding environment color gradient. A rapid method of road extraction from satellite images based on edge detection was achieved by the operations of image preprocessing, threshold segmentation, corrosion and expansion. The algorithm was achieved by matlab and applied to high-resolution satellite images. The experiment results proved that this method could effectively reduce the noise of non-target and achieve accurate road extraction from the general images.
Protection against late effects of radiation by S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)-ethylphosphorothioic acid. (1991)

We have demonstrated that S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR2721) administered to mice 30 min prior to a relatively low dose of ionizing radiation is effective in protecting against radiation-induced carcinogenesis and subsequent life shortening. Female C57BL/6JANL x BALB/cJANL F1 mice, 200 per group, were exposed to gamma radiation at a dose of 206 cGy. Additional groups of 200 animals were sham treated, given injections of 400 mg/kg of WR2721, or administered WR2721 and the irradiated with 60Co photons at doses of 206 cGy or 417 cGy. Mice were treated at 110 days of age. They were housed five to a cage and were checked daily throughout life. All deceased animals were necropsied, and tissues were removed and fixed for histopathological analysis. Over 90% of the animal deaths were due to tumor involvement. WR2721 afforded significant protection (P = 0.0016) against radiation-induced malignancies (i.e., a total of 164 tumor codes were used) following a dose of 206 cGy. Protection against lymphoreticular tumors in particular was significant (P = 0.0165). Subsequent survival time in WR2721-protected animals (compared with matched irradiated controls) was extended by 65 days. Mice irradiated with 417 cGy following administration of WR2721 exhibited a response similar to those irradiated without the protector at a dose of 206 cGy (P = 0.26). Cumulative survival curves for unirradiated mice were unaffected by a single dose of WR2721. These data indicate a potential novel benefit for radioprotectors in cancer therapy. WR2721 and similar aminothiols may be effective adjuvants for reducing the risk of therapy-induced secondary cancers in patients who have an excellent prognosis for cure and long-term survival.
The specific gravity of biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel (2000)

Abstract The specific gravities of biodiesel and 75, 50, and 20% blends with No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels were measured as a function of temperature from the onset of crystallization to 100°C. The results indicate that biodiesel and its blends demonstrate temperature‐dependent behavior that is qualitively similar to the diesel fuels. The temperature dependence of the specific gravity for biodiesel and its blends was compared with the ASTM D 1250‐80 procedure for the temperature correction of hydrocarbon fuels, and the procedure was found to provide accurate corrections. A blending equation was developed that allows the specific gravity of blends to be calculated from the specific gravities of the biodiesel and diesel fuels.