gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Stage Approach to Fast Face Detection (2006)

A multi-stage approach --- which is fast, robust and easy to train --- for a face-detection system is proposed. Motivated by the work of Viola and Jones [1], this approach uses a cascade of classifiers to yield a coarse-to-fine strategy to reduce significantly detection time while maintaining a high detection rate. However, it is distinguished from previous work by two features. First, a new stage has been added to detect face candidate regions more quickly by using a larger window size and larger moving step size. Second, support vector machine (SVM) classifiers are used instead of AdaBoost classifiers in the last stage, and Haar wavelet features selected by the previous stage are reused for the SVM classifiers robustly and efficiently. By combining AdaBoost and SVM classifiers, the final system can achieve both fast and robust detection because most non-face patterns are rejected quickly in earlier layers, while only a small number of promising face patterns are classified robustly in later layers. The proposed multi-stage-based system has been shown to run faster than the original AdaBoost-based system while maintaining comparable accuracy.
The soluble pool of <i>beta</i>  2-microglobulin free HLA class I <i>alpha</i> -chains. Qualitative and quantitative characterization. (1993)

Previous studies have demonstrated that HLA class I heterodimers are present in plasma and cell culture supernatants. They can be precipitated by mAb the binding of which is dependent on the proper association of the polymorphic alpha-chain with beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m). The molecular mass of the alpha-chain ranges from 45 to 35 kDa with a number of intermediate products. We report on the identification of 35-kDa soluble beta 2-m free HLA class I H chains immunoprecipitated by mAb LA45 from cell culture media of activated B and T cells. Furthermore, a peptide-based competitive immunosorbent assay was established to determine the amounts of soluble HLA class I alpha-chains. By means of this assay, we formally proved the specificity of mAb LA45 for a linear epitope on HLA class I H chains centered on residues arginine-asparagine at positions 62 and 63 of the alpha 1-domain. PHA or rIL-2 were identified as efficient stimuli for PBMC leading to the generation of soluble beta 2-m free HLA class I H chains. Testing of cell lines representing distinct stages of hematopoietic differentiation demonstrated a significant correlation between cell surface expression of beta 2-m free HLA class I H chains and amounts of soluble LA45 reactive molecules. However, three of six human T lymphotropic virus type I transfected cell lines, although expressing beta 2-m free H chains, do not generate soluble molecules. Finally, human sera were found to contain considerable amounts of beta 2-m free HLA class I H chains. The average amount of these molecules in sera of individuals with one positive LA45 allele was determined to be 46.9 +/- 38.6 nM/liter.
Effect of Extracellular pH on the Respiratory Chain and Energetics of<i>Gluconobacter suboxydans</i> (1989)

Journal Article Effect of Extracellular pH on the Respiratory Chain and Energetics of Gluconobacter suboxydans Get access Kazunobu Matsushita, Kazunobu Matsushita Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar You-ichiro Nagatani, You-ichiro Nagatani Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Emiko Shinagawa, Emiko Shinagawa Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Osao Adachi, Osao Adachi Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Minoru Ameyama Minoru Ameyama Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 53, Issue 11, 1 November 1989, Pages 2895–2902, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1989.10869793 Published: 01 November 1989 Article history Received: 24 April 1989 Published: 01 November 1989
The 2-pyridone antibacterial agents: bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (2000)

Many attempts have been made to prepare analogs of 4-quinolone antibacterial agents bearing novel ring systems, which might retain the favorable properties of these widely used antibacterial agents and at the same time increase activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, streptococci, and anaerobic microorganisms. One such attempt involved bioisosteric exchange of the 1-N atom and 4a-C atom of naphthyridones, quinolones, and benzoxazines to produce a family of highly active pyridopyrimidines, quinolizines, and ofloxacin bioisosteres. These new antibacterial agents have been named collectively as the 2-pyridones. Many hundreds of 2-pyridones have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo, and selected members are advancing toward human clinical trials. Preparation of these bioisosteres required the development of enabling chemistry, as previous methods were unsuccessful in producing the needed core structures. This review compares the structure-activity relationships of these agents with known trends among 4-quinolones, from which it is seen that there are many parallels, but also some significant departures as well. Generally, 2-pyridones are more highly active in vitro and in vivo and more water soluble than comparable 4-quinolones. These properties are posited to arise from electronic and conformational alternations in these new substances. Selected members show excellent pharmacodynamic properties, justifying the view that this is a very promising new class of totally synthetic antibacterial agents.
Heart Rate Variability During Specific Sleep Stages (1995)

Myocardial infarction causes a loss in the capability of the vagus to physiologically activate during sleep. This results in a condition of relative sympathetic dominance even in a situation such as sleep, normally described as a condition of vagal dominance and, consequently, low risk for lethal events. The evidence that the sleep-related vagal activation is lost after MI may provide new insights to understanding the nocturnal occurrence of sudden death.
The Development of an Advanced Anti-Icing/Deicing Capability for U.S. Army Helicopters. Volume 1. Design Criteria and Technology Considerations (1975)

Abstract : The work which has been accomplished under this program is reported in two volumes. Volume 1 discusses (1) icing severity level analysis and recommended design criteria, (2) adverse weather protection technology, (3) a trade-off comparison of different types of ice protection systems for various categories of helicopters, and (4) a technology development program for an advanced electrothermal deicing system. Volume 2, Ice Protection System Application to the UH-1H Helicopter, describes the application of the recommended electrothermal deicing system to a UH-1H test aircraft. It provedes a detailed description of the modifications to the basic aircraft (including the flight test-instrumentation) and the results of the ground and flight test program for that aircraft conducted in the winter of 1975-75.
Applications non alimentaires de la cuisson-extrusion (1994)

chap. 12
The Economic Value of Neighborhoods: Predicting Real Estate Prices from the Urban Environment (2018)

Housing costs have a significant impact on individuals, families, businesses, and governments. Recently, online companies such as Zillow have developed proprietary systems that provide automated estimates of housing prices without the immediate need of professional appraisers. Yet, our understanding of what drives the value of houses is very limited. In this paper, we use multiple sources of data to entangle the economic contribution of the neighborhood's characteristics such as walkability and security perception. We also develop and release a framework able to now-cast housing prices from Open data, without the need for historical transactions. Experiments involving 70,000 houses in 8 Italian cities highlight that the neighborhood's vitality and walkability seem to drive more than 20% of the housing value. Moreover, the use of this information improves the nowcast by 60%. Hence, the use of property's surroundings' characteristics can be an invaluable resource to appraise the economic and social value of houses after neighborhood changes and, potentially, anticipate gentrification.
LNG TERMINAL DESIGN (1973)

This paper presents guidelines for design of LNG receiving terminal for loading and unloading to insure safe, economical operation during transient conditions. Proper design must include evaluation of factors causing line hydraulic hammer, geysering, unwanted product vaporization during transfer and other detrimental features.
A Boronium Ion with Exceptional Electrophilicity (2011)

Barely bidentate: The adduct of dimethylamino naphthalene (proton sponge) and 9-BBN-NTf2 is activated by steric hinderance for intermolecular borylation (see scheme). A contrasting addition/elimination pathway is favored when using monodentate triethylamine which gives the first observable borenium salt (9-BBN-NEt3+ Tf2N−) lacking any n- or π-donor substitutents. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Modelling of Novel Multifunctional Acryloyl-Based Monomers: An Experimental and Computational Study (2002)

Several novel multifunctional monomers with at least three reactive N -acryloyl double bonds have been synthesized and fully characterized. Quantum-chemical calculations and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been used to predict the structural dissymmetry of these monomers: the simulation of conformers and the NMR spectrum of monomer (3) allows the explanation of the observed 13C NMR spectra as well as a comparison of the performance of several methods for calculating chemical shifts.
QoE-Driven DASH Video Caching and Adaptation at 5G Mobile Edge (2016)

In this paper, we present a Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) scheme for enabling network edge-assisted video adaptation based on MPEG-DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP). In contrast to the traditional over-the-top (OTT) adaptation performed by DASH clients, the MEC server at the mobile network edge can capture radio access network (RAN) conditions through its intrinsic Radio Network Information Service (RNIS) function, and use the knowledge to provide guidance to clients so that they can perform more intelligent video adaptation. In order to support such MEC-assisted DASH video adaptation, the MEC server needs to locally cache the most popular content segments at the qualities that can be supported by the current network throughput. Towards this end, we introduce a two-dimensional user Quality-of-Experience (QoE)-driven algorithm for making caching / replacement decisions based on both content context (e.g., segment popularity) and network context (e.g., RAN downlink throughput). We conducted experiments by deploying a prototype MEC server at a real LTE-A based network testbed. The results show that our QoE-driven algorithm is able to achieve significant improvement on user QoE over 2 benchmark schemes.
Reverse Engineering To Suggest Biologically Relevant Redox Activities of Phenolic Materials (2013)

Phenolics are among the most abundant redox-active organics in nature, but the intractability of phenolic materials (e.g., melanin) has precluded study of their biological activities and functions. Previous studies demonstrated that a model abiotic catecholic matrix can rapidly exchange electrons with biological oxidants and reductants without the need for enzymes. Here, a novel electrochemically based reverse engineering approach was employed to probe redox interactions between this model matrix and a population of bacteria. Specifically, this method employs redox-active natural products (e.g., pyocyanin) to shuttle electrons between the bacteria and the abiotic matrix, and imposed oscillating potential inputs to engage redox-cycling mechanisms that switch the matrix’s redox state. The oscillating output currents were observed to be amplified, gated, and partially rectified, while the overall magnitude and direction of electron flow across the matrix depended on the biological and environmental context. These response characteristics support hypotheses that natural phenolic materials may be integral to extracellular electron transport for processes that include anaerobic respiration, redox signaling, and redox-effector action.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid—Crystalline Polyimides (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Energy, Material and Value Transfer and Utilization in Multi-grade utilization of Organic Waste Materials, EAR (1995)

Energy,material and value transfer and utilization of six models,in which generating methane is the link,and which are generally adopted in villages in China,are studied and investigated in this paper.
Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans in Proteobacteria (2000)

Large amounts of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are found in the periplasmic space of Proteobacteria. Four families of OPGs are described on the basis of structural features of the polyglucose backbone. Depending on the species considered, OPGs can be modified to various extent by a variety of substituents. Genes governing the backbone synthesis are identified in a limited number of species. They belong to three unrelated families. OPG synthesis is subject to osmoregulation and feedback control. Osmoregulation can occur at the level of gene expression and/or at the level of enzyme activity. Mutants defective in OPG synthesis have a highly pleiotropic phenotype, indicative of an overall alteration of their envelope properties. Mutants of this kind were obtained as attenuated or avirulent derivatives of plant or animals pathogen. Thus, OPGs appear to be important intrinsic components of the Gram-negative bacterial envelope, which can be essential in extreme conditions found in nature, and especially when bacteria must interact with an eukaryotic host.
The analysis of phase estimation in coherent optical OFDM system (2011)

Coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(CO-OFDM) has been demonstrated to combat fiber chromatic dispersion and polarization-mode dispersion(PMD) effectively.Because of coherent detection employed in CO-OFDM,it is important to analyze the optical phase noise and estimate phase evolution.The model of CO-OFDM systems is analyzed in the paper.OFDM systems transmit a data stream over a number of lower rate subcarriers simultaneously,which is an opportunity to employ advanced phase estimation techniques,such as pilot-aided and train-series phase estimation.Additionally,the approach to estimate phase evolution of OFDM signals based on laser phase drift and fiber chromatic dispersion is analyzed.Simulation demonstrates that system performance would be improved effectively with simple phase estimation.
Generation of Neuroendocrine Chromaffin Cells from Sympathoadrenal Progenitors (2002)

The developmental diversification of neural crest-derived sympathoadrenal (SA) progenitor cells into neuroendocrine adrenal chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons has been thought to be largely understood. Based on two decades of in vitro studies with isolated SA progenitor and chromaffin cells, it was widely assumed that chromaffin cell development crucially depends on glucocorticoid hormones provided by adrenal cortical cells. However, analysis of mice lacking the glucocorticoid receptor has revealed that the chromaffin cell phenotype develops largely normally in these mice, except for the induction of the adrenaline synthesizing enzyme phenylethylamine N-methyl transferase. In a search for novel candidate genes that might be involved in triggering the sympathetic neuron/chromaffin cell decision, we have studied putative contributions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, BMP-4, and the transcription factor MASH-1, molecules with distinct expressions in SA progenitor cells, in their migratory pathways and final destinations. TGF-beta2 and -beta3 and BMP-4 are highly expressed in the wall of the dorsal aorta and in the adrenal anlagen during and after immigration of SA progenitors but expressed at much lower levels in sympathetic ganglia. We found that neutralizing antibodies against all three TGF-beta isoforms applied to the chorionic-allantoic membrane (CAM) of quail embryos interfere with proliferation of immigrated adrenal chromaffin cells but do not affect their specific neuroendocrine ultrastructural phenotype. Grafting of noggin-producing cells to the CAM, which scavenges BMPs, interferes with visceral arch and limb development but does not overtly affect the chromaffin phenotype. The transcription factor MASH-1 promotes early differentiation of SA progenitors. Mice deficient for MASH-1 lack sympathetic ganglia, whereas the adrenal medulla previously has been reported to be present. We show here that most adrenal medullary cells in MASH-1(-/-) mice identified by Phox2b immunoreactivity lack the catecholaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase. More surprisingly, most cells do not contain chromaffin granules and display a neuroblast-like ultrastructure and show strongly enhanced expression of c-RET comparable to that observed in sympathetic ganglia. Together, our data suggest that TGF-betas and BMP-4 do not seem to be essential for chromaffin cell differentiation. In contrast with previous reports, however, MASH-1 apparently plays a crucial role in chromaffin cell development.
Effects of monovalent cations (Na+ and K+) on galacto-oligosaccharides production during lactose hydrolysis by kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase (2012)

The influence of cations, Na+ and K+ on the oligosaccharides produced in the process of transglycosylation during the hydrolysis of lactose using β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces (K.) lactis has been investigated. The enzyme exhibited higher hydrolytic activity in the presence of K+ than in that of Na+ regardless of the anion present (acetate or phosphate), thus 96% of lactose was hydrolyzed after 3h of reaction. Formation of di- and tri-saccharides also proceeded faster in presence of K+ than of Na+, however, the highest levels were reached in presence of Na+. Transgalactosylation was favoured at high concentrations of sodium buffer and, on the contrary, hydrolysis of both lactose and oligosaccharides was favoured at low salt concentrations. After 48h of reaction in 1M sodium acetate buffer a yield of 39.5% of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) was achieved (disaccharides 18.4% and trisaccharides 21.1%). The study of influence of Mg 2+ revealed that a concentration of 1 mM was necessary to obtain a 90% hydrolysis of lactose and a 16% of disaccharides formation after 8h of reaction; however, a maximum yield of trisaccharides of 19% was attained using the highest concentration of Mg 2+ (2 mM). These results could be applied to improve the GOS formation by β-galactosidase from K. lactis.
Long-Term Results of a Randomized Trial of Surgery With or Without Preoperative Chemotherapy in Esophageal Cancer (2009)

Long-term follow-up confirms that preoperative chemotherapy improves survival in operable esophageal cancer and should be considered as a standard of care.
Association Between Infant Breastfeeding and Overweight in Young Children (2001)

There are inconsistent associations among breastfeeding, its duration, and the risk of being overweight in young children. Breastfeeding continues to be strongly recommended, but may not be as effective as moderating familial factors, such as dietary habits and physical activity, in preventing children from becoming overweight.
Integrating neural networks and knowledge-based systems for robotic control (2003)

The authors address the issue of integrating both computational paradigms for the purpose of robotic manipulation. The control task chosen to demonstrate the integration technique involves teaching a two-link manipulator how to make a tennis-like swing. A three-level task hierarchy is defined consisting of low-level reflexes, reflex modulators, and an execution monitor. The rule-based execution monitor first determines how to make a successful swing using rules alone. It then teaches a neural network how to accomplish the task by having it observe rule-based task execution. Following initial training, the execution monitor continuously evaluates neural network performance and re-engages swing-maneuver rules whenever changes in the manipulator or its operating environment necessitate retraining of the network. Simulation results show the interaction between rule-based and network-based system components during various phases of training and supervision.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The stabilized self-starter (1999)

A stability problem is eliminated from the self-starter, which is a parabolic equation technique for generating initial conditions. The stability problem is associated with evanescent modes that correspond to nearly vertical propagation. It causes the solution to break down at certain frequencies for problems involving relatively low attenuation. The error is restricted to relatively short ranges unless the medium is strongly range dependent near the source. The stability problem is eliminated by placing the pole of the smoothing operator in the self-starter away from the eigenvalues of the depth operator.
Effect of a 5‐HT<sub>1</sub> receptor agonist, CP‐122,288, on oedema formation induced by stimulation of the rat saphenous nerve (1995)

Neurogenic oedema formation in the rat hind paw skin induced by electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve and measured by extravasation of [ I25 I]‐albumin, was inhibited by the 5‐HT 1B receptor agonist, CP‐93,129, and the novel, tryptamine analogue, CP‐122,288. Significant inhibition of up to 66% of control was observed with CP‐122,288 (2 × 10 14 ‐2 × 10 −7 mol kg −1 ) and CP‐93,129 (5 × 10 −7 ‐5 × 10 −6 mol kg −1 ), with the minimum effective dose for CP‐122,288 being about 10 7 fold less than that for CP‐93,129. Oedema formation induced by the intradermal administration of exogenous mediators (substance P and histamine) in rat dorsal skin was not inhibited by CP‐122,288 (2 × 10 −10 mol kg −1 ). These results suggest that CP‐122,288 is a potent inhibitor of neurogenic inflammation in rat skin and that the effect may be due to a prejunctional inhibition of neuropeptide release.