gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selection of Experimental Conditions for the Accurate Determination of Blood — Brain Transfer Constants from Single-Time Experiments: A Theoretical Analysis (1983)

Reliable blood-brain transfer constants can be determined from data obtained in single-time experiments (i.e., a single experimental time for tissue sampling). The accuracy of such measurements depends on factors such as the test molecule used and the experimental time chosen; therefore, the selection of optimal experimental conditions is important. In this presentation, a model of transport across the blood--brain barrier (BBB) was developed and used to determine appropriate experimental protocols for single-time experiments. Transfer numbers derived from published data with alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB; a compound of low BBB permeability that is readily taken up by brain cells) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA; a compound of very low BBB permeability that is not taken up by brain cells) were inserted into the model and apparent blood-to-brain transfer constants (K1) were obtained. In addition, the two basic sets of transfer numbers were altered to mimic various experimental and pathological changes in blood--brain transport. The results of this analysis indicate that moderate to large transfer rates across the BBB (0.01-1.0 ml g-1 min-1) are more easily and reliably measured by AIB-like compounds. In contrast, compounds like DTPA are better test-molecules for measuring small changes in the BBB transfer rate (0.0001-0.001 ml g-1 min-1), provided an appropriate experimental time is chosen.
Identification and Confirmation of Differentially Expressed Fucosylated Glycoproteins in the Serum of Ovarian Cancer Patients Using a Lectin Array and LC–MS/MS (2012)

In order to discover potential glycoprotein biomarkers in ovarian cancer, we applied a lectin array and Exactag labeling based quantitative glycoproteomics approach. A lectin array strategy was used to detect overall lectin-specific glycosylation changes in serum proteins from patients with ovarian cancer and those with benign conditions. Lectins, which showed significant differential response for fucosylation, were used to extract glycoproteins that had been labeled using isobaric chemical tags. The glycoproteins were then identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS, and five glycoproteins were found to be differentially expressed in the serum of ovarian cancer patients compared to benign diseases. The differentially expressed glycoproteins were further confirmed by lectin-ELISA and ELISA assay. Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), serum amyloid p component (SAP), complement factor B (CFAB), and histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) were identified as potential markers for differentiating ovarian cancer from benign diseases or healthy controls. A combination of CBG and HRG (AUC = 0.825) showed comparable performance to CA125 (AUC = 0.829) in differentiating early stage ovarian cancer from healthy controls. The combination of CBG, SAP, and CA125 showed improved performance for distinguishing stage III ovarian cancer from benign diseases compared to CA125 alone. The ability of CBG, SAP, HRG, and CFAB to differentiate the serum of ovarian cancer patients from that of controls was tested using an independent set of samples. Our findings suggest that glycoprotein modifications may be a means to identify novel diagnostic markers for detection of ovarian cancer.
Toll-Like Receptors, Cytokines and the Immunotherapeutics of Asthma (2006)

Asthma is a complex disease caused by a poorly characterized set of genetic and environmental factors whose pathology is a result of immune dysregulation. Toll-like receptors are pathogen associated molecular pattern receptors expressed by many airway and pulmonary tissues as well as cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Ligation of toll-like receptors can lead to a change in the expression levels of multiple inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators which are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. These ligands and their receptors are therefore prime candidates in the search for immunotherapeutic treatments of asthma. The use of murine models of allergic asthma as tools for the genetic dissection of this disease should allow the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma to be identified and possibly used as further immunotherapeutic targets.
Characterization of Unique Small RNA Populations from Rice Grain (2008)

Small RNAs (approximately 20 to 24 nucleotides) function as naturally occurring molecules critical in developmental pathways in plants and animals. Here we analyze small RNA populations from mature rice grain and seedlings by pyrosequencing. Using a clustering algorithm to locate regions producing small RNAs, we classified hotspots of small RNA generation within the genome. Hotspots here are defined as 1 kb regions within which small RNAs are significantly overproduced relative to the rest of the genome. Hotspots were identified to facilitate characterization of different categories of small RNA regulatory elements. Included in the hotspots, we found known members of 23 miRNA families representing 92 genes, one trans acting siRNA (ta-siRNA) gene, novel siRNA-generating coding genes and phased siRNA generating genes. Interestingly, over 20% of the small RNA population in grain came from a single foldback structure, which generated eight phased 21-nt siRNAs. This is reminiscent of a newly arising miRNA derived from duplication of progenitor genes. Our results provide data identifying distinct populations of small RNAs, including phased small RNAs, in mature grain to facilitate characterization of small regulatory RNA expression in monocot species.
A parallel tracking method for acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (2007)

Radiation force-based techniques have been developed by several groups for imaging the mechanical properties of tissue. Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging is one such method that uses commercially available scanners to generate localized radiation forces in tissue. The response of the tissue to the radiation force is determined using conventional B-mode imaging pulses to track micron-scale displacements in tissue. Current research in ARFI imaging is focused on producing real-time images of tissue displacements and related mechanical properties. Obstacles to producing a real-time ARFI imaging modality include data acquisition, processing power, data transfer rates, heating of the transducer, and patient safety concerns. We propose a parallel receive beamforming technique to reduce transducer heating and patient acoustic exposure, and to facilitate data acquisition for real-time ARFI imaging. Custom beam sequencing was used with a commercially available scanner to track tissue displacements with parallel-receive beamforming in tissue-mimicking phantoms. Using simulations, the effects of material properties on parallel tracking are observed. Transducer and tissue heating for parallel tracking are compared to standard ARFI beam sequencing. The effects of tracking beam position and size of the tracked region are also discussed in relation to the size and temporal response of the region of applied force, and the impact on ARFI image contrast and signal-to-noise ratio are quantified.
프레탈 정(실로스타졸 100 mg)에 대한 엘지실로스타졸 정의 생물학적 동등성 (2001)

Cilostazol has both antithrombotic and cerebral vasodilating effects, and one of the mechanism is the selective inhibition of platalet cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Bioequivalence of two cilostazol tablets, the (Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.) and the LG (LG Chemical Co.), was evaluated according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Sixteen normal male volunteers ( years old) were randomly divided into two groups and a randomized cross-over study was employed. After oral administration of or LG tablet (100 mg cilostazol), blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the serum cilostazol concentrations were determined using an HPLC method with UV/VIS detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis. The results showed that the differences in AUCt, C_{max} and Tmax between two tablets based on the tablet were , respectively. The powers (1-) for , respectively. Minimum detectable differences () and confidence intervals were all less than . All these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that LG tablet is bioequivalent to tablet.
Surface premelting of Cu(110) (1991)

Disordering and melting of the surface of Cu(110) are investigated using molecular-dynamics simulations, in which the embedded-atom theory is used to describe the energetics and interatomic interactions. In addition, the bulk melting temperature and the properties of the crystal-to-melt interface at coexistence are studied. The surface region of the Cu(110) starts to disorder, via the generation of vacancies accompanied by the formation of an adlayer, at a temperature of about 900 K. At a temperature of \ensuremath{\simeq}1200 K (i.e., about 80 K below bulk melting), the development of a quasiliquid region, exhibiting liquidlike energetic, structural, and transport properties, is observed. Analysis of the results, motivated by Landau-Ginzburg (mean-field) theories of surface melting, shows that the thickness of the quasiliquid layer increases logarithmically as the temperature approaches the melting point, with a correlation length of 4.3 \AA{}.
Regulation of intestinal epithelial proliferation: a few answers, many questions (1993)

The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa is a highly dynamic and diverse mixture of cell populations requiring exquisite integration of the processes of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and senescence. It is likely that the proliferative compartment of the intestinal epithelium encompasses a hierarchy of totipotent and pluripotent stem cells in a manner similar to that which generates diversity in hematopoietic cell populations. Identification and characterization of the stem cell and progenitor populations in the intestine has been limited by the absence of markers or culture systems to identify these cells. Regulation of the proliferative compartment may be accomplished through the combined integration of key peptide growth factors and constituents of the extracellular matrix. The relative contribution of the epithelial populations themselves and the contributions made by associated cell populations such as pericryptal fibroblasts remain unclear. Recent studies have suggested that the transforming growth factors-alpha and -beta, two structurally unrelated peptide growth factors, might serve to regulate the balanced proliferation and turnover of intestinal epithelial cells. The proproliferative effects of TGF-alpha may be counterbalanced by the proliferation-inhibiting TGF-beta. Recent studies have demonstrated close interregulation of these peptides, which act through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms in model intestinal epithelial cell lines.
Alterations in vascular matrix metalloproteinase due to ageing and chronic hypertension: effects of endothelin receptor blockade (2005)

Ageing and the development/progression of hypertension are associated with increased MMP-2 activity in the aorta, which is consistent with ongoing remodelling of the vasculature. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating MMP-2 abundance in ageing and hypertension appear to be divergent, as MT-1 MMP expression is differentially altered. Dual ETA/ETB receptor antagonism did not alter the age-dependent increase in aortic MMP activity in normotensive rats. However, bosentan decreased pro and active MMP-2 activity in senescent SHR rats, indicating that ET modulates late events in vascular remodelling in hypertension.
Basic solid mechanics for tactile sensing (2005)

In order to stably grasp objects without using object models, tactile feedback from the fingers is sometimes necessary. This feedback can be used to adjust grasping forces to prevent a part from slipping from a hand. If the angle of force at the object finger contact can be determined, slip can be prevented by the proper adjustment of finger forces. Another important tactile sensing task is finding the edges and corners of an object, since they are usually feasible grasping locations. This paper describes how this information can be extracted from the finger-object contact using strain sensors beneath a compliant skin. For determining contact forces, strain measurements are easier to use than the surface deformation profile. The finger is modelled as an infinite linear elastic half plane to predict the measured strain for several contact types and forces. The number of sensors required is less than has been proposed for other tactile recognition tasks. A rough upper bound on sensor density requirements for a specific depth is presented that is based on the frequency response of the elastic medium. The effects of different sensor stiffnesses on sensor performance are discussed.
Profiling and Quantitation of Bacterial Carotenoids by Liquid Chromatography and Photodiode Array Detection (1989)

An analytical method for the profiling and quantitative determination of carotenoids in bacteria is described. Exhaustive extraction of the pigments from four selected bacterial strains required treatment of the cells with potassium hydroxide or liquefied phenol or both before the addition of the extracting solvent (methanol or diethyl ether). The carotenoids in the extracts were separated by nonaqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography in conjunction with photodiode array absorption detection. The identity of a peak was considered definitive only when both its retention time and absorption spectrum, before and after chemical reactions, matched those of a reference component. In the absence of the latter, most peaks could be tentatively identified. Two examples illustrate how in the analysis of pigmented bacteria errors may result from using nonchromatographic procedures or liquid chromatographic methods lacking sufficient criteria for peak identification. Carotenoids of interest were determined quantitatively when the authentic reference substance was available or, alternatively, were determined semiquantitatively.
Synergistic effect of aptamers that inhibit exosites 1 and 2 on thrombin (2009)

Thrombin is a multifunctional protease that plays a key role in hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. Most thrombin inhibitors currently used as antithrombotic agents target thrombin's active site and inhibit all of its myriad of activities. Exosites 1 and 2 are distinct regions on the surface of thrombin that provide specificity to its proteolytic activity by mediating binding to substrates, receptors, and cofactors. Exosite 1 mediates binding and cleavage of fibrinogen, proteolytically activated receptors, and some coagulation factors, while exosite 2 mediates binding to heparin and to platelet receptor GPIb-IX-V. The crystal structures of two nucleic acid ligands bound to thrombin have been solved. Previously Padmanabhan and colleagues solved the structure of a DNA aptamer bound to exosite 1 and we reported the structure of an RNA aptamer bound to exosite 2 on thrombin. Based upon these structural studies we speculated that the two aptamers would not compete for binding to thrombin. We observe that simultaneously blocking both exosites with the aptamers leads to synergistic inhibition of thrombin-dependent platelet activation and procoagulant activity. This combination of exosite 1 and exosite 2 inhibitors may provide a particularly effective antithrombotic approach.
Keratometry in Epikeratophakia (1986)

ABSTRACT: In keratomileusis and radial keratotomy, keratometry does not accurately reflect the change in refraction produced by the surgery. The authors report that this also occurs in patients undergoing epikeratophakia. The keratometer underestimates the clinically observed changes in refractive error, and changes in keratometry correlate poorly with changes in refraction. The reason for this lies partly in the method by which the keratometer estimates corneal refractive power. The authors attempted to improve the correlation between keratometry and refractive error by applying mathematical corrections to the keratometer measurements. The accuracy of these corrections was examined in three groups of patients who underwent epikeratophakia procedures: aphakic children, aphakic adults, and myopic adults. One correction, ΔD 1 , improved the estimation of change in refractive error in all three groups, while another, ΔDc, did so for two of the three groups. Neither correction significantly improved the correlation between the change in keratometry and the change in refractive error. The persistently poor correlation may be related to the irregularity of the corneal surface, the limited area of measurement by the keratometer, changes in refractive index, and changes in posterior corneal curvature. In addition, errors may occur in adjustment for vertex distance, or performing and recording measurements.
The Columbia Nonneutral Torus: A New Experiment to Confine Nonneutral and Positron-Electron Plasmas in a Stellarator (2004)

The Columbia Nonneutral Torus is a new stellarator experiment being built at Columbia University, New York, to study the confinement of nonneutral and electron-positron plasmas. It will be a two-period, ultralow aspect ratio classical stellarator configuration created from four circular coils. The theory of the confinement and transport of pure electron plasmas on magnetic surfaces is reviewed. The guiding principles behind the experimental design are presented, together with the actual experimental design configuration.
Homossexualidade, consumo, cidadania e hospitalidade (2006)

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de provocar uma discussão sobre hospitalidade e cidadania a partir do consumo e homossexualidade. Para tanto, efetua um breve histórico da homossexualidade, visando contextualizar o tema. Após, analisa a definição de consumo proposta pela sociologia e se aproxima da idéia de cidadania ligada ao consumo. Depois dessa referência conceitual apresenta os aspectos do turismo gay no mundo e trás alguns relatos empíricos evidenciando as dificuldades de se considerar o turista homossexual como um consumidor e cidadão no Brasil. Aponta para as dificuldades impostas pela subjetividade da hospitalidade, enfatizando que a necessidade de profissionalização é urgente na área, sendo ela um viés de solução para a não-estigmatização do público homossexual nos empreendimentos hoteleiros.
A device enhancing and denoising algorithm for X-ray cardiac fluoroscopy (2008)

In X-ray interventional imaging, improved denoising enables lower X-ray dose and better visualization, resulting in increased confidence in the therapeutic act. This article focuses on the denoising of fluoroscopic image sequences in interventional cardiology. The challenge with these images is the need to preserve fine details in terms of size and contrast, representing the tools manipulated by the operator. These tools superimpose over an anatomical background. This context drives us to propose an algorithm based on spatial-temporal filtering conditioned by a feature of interest map. Based on the confidence in the feature detection our algorithm will either filter, preserve or enhance the image content. Our method is fast and compares very favorably with state of the art methods both quantitatively on synthetic data and perceptually on clinical data.
Diagnostics of atmospheric pressure microwave generated micro-plasma by using optical emission spectroscopy (2014)

Summary form only given. Portable low-cost microplasma sources received interest in the past decade due to their various applications including materials processing, biomedical and chemical analysis, and optical radiation sources.[1-5] In particular, for atmospheric pressure microwave microplasmas that do not require vacuum systems, it is possible to realize 3D motion operation and portable lower-cost operation. Further, by using higher frequency energy (radio frequency and microwave) to power the microplasma discharge, non-LTE (non-local thermodynamic equilibrium) plasmas have the advantage of reducing the erosion of electrodes and also producing high power density plasmas with reasonably low power consumption.In this investigation two microwave-powered microplasma systems are characterized using optical emission diagnostics. The first system is developed based on a double-strip-line structure. Top and bottom copper strip-lines are separated by a dielectric material. The structure is powered at one end and the plasma is formed at the other end where the two copper strip-lines are brought together to a gap with 250 microns separation. The feedgas is flowed through a channel in the dielectric such that it exits with the feedgas flowing into the gap created by the two strip-lines. The second system is constructed using a small foreshortened cylindrical cavity that has a hollow inner conductor and a small capacitive gap at the end of the cavity. The feedgas is flowed through a 2 mm inner diameter quartz tube which is located inside the hollow inner conductor of the cavity. Pure Argon, ArgonOxygen mixtures (up to 10% Oxygen) and Argon-Hydrogen (with 2% hydrogen) are used as feedgas. The microwave power used for the discharges varies from 5 to 60 Watts. The flow rate of the feed-gases varies from 900 sccm - 2100 sccm. The optical emission spectroscopy technique was used to diagnose the discharges. Plasma properties such as rotational temperatures and electron densities under different conditions (power, flow rate and gas combinations) are measured and analyzed.
A Study of some Factors Associated with the Early Identification of Persistent Absenteeism (1979)

ABSTRACT Persistent absence from school is often associated with anxiety and with difficulty in relating to other people. These and other factors were examined to determine their contribution to the identification of persistent absenteeism in the upper junior and lower secondary age groups. Questionnaires were administered to 190 children, including persistent absentees, to measure: (a) their relationship with parents, teachers and peers and (b) their anxiety level. Other information was obtained from teachers and pupil records. A multiple regression analysis was used to determine the predictive efficiency of the variables at both age levels. The strength of peer and teacher relationships, together with ability, suggested that thecauses of persistent absenteeism were likely to be school related. The uncertainty about the causal importance of the home was underlined by the weakness of the home related factors. Anxiety seemed to be of value in differentiating between truants and other persistent absentees.
Performance of Asynchronous MAC with an Efficient Preamble Sampling Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

On the wireless sensor network MAC protocols, one of main issues is energy enciency. Since several asynchronous wireless sensor network MAC protocols with short preamble sampling scheme can be operated without setting the timing synchronization among neighbor nodes, it consumes a little energy for maintaining protocols. However, each node encounters either preamble or data overhearing problem, because each node wakes up in a different time and must check whether the frame is being sent to itself or not. To solve this overhearing problem, we newly propose B-MAC++ that can reduce the overhearing energy consumption by using short preambles with destination address and payload length. from simulation results, we show that the proposed B-MAC++ has advantageous in terms of power consumption efficiency over other asynchronous wireless sensor network MAC protocols.