gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized comparison of weekly or every-3-week (q3w) nab-paclitaxel compared to q3w docetaxel as first-line therapy in patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) (2007)

1032 Background: 130-nM albumin-bound (nab™) paclitaxel combines paclitaxel with albumin without solvents or altering either component. A cross analysis of 2 clinical trials comparing solvent-based (SB) paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 q3w to nab- paclitaxel (Gradishar et al, JCO, 2005) and SB docetaxel (Jones et al, JCO, 2005) suggested comparable antitumor activity between nab-paclitaxel and SB docetaxel and better tolerability with nab-paclitaxel in pts with MBC. The aim of this study was to compare the toxicity and antitumor activity of 3 regimens of nab-paclitaxel (q3w and 2 weekly) with each other and that of SB docetaxel in MBC. Methods: In this open-label study, first-line pts with MBC were randomly assigned to nab-paclitaxel 300 mg/m 2 q3w (A); nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m 2 (B) or 150 mg/m 2 (C) days 1, 8, and 15, q28 days (q 3/4 w); or SB docetaxel 100 mg/m 2 q3w (D). The primary endpoints were overall response rate (complete response + partial response, evaluated q8w) and toxicity. Progression-free survival (PFS) was also determined. Results: 302 pts (median age, 54 years; 99% Caucasian; 75% postmenopausal; ECOG PS =2 [94% =1]) either had at least 2 response assessments (94%) or had discontinued due to PD (6%). The efficacy results are shown in the Table . Neutropenia (N) was greater with D than with A, B, or C (p < 0.001). Grade 4 N was: A) 4%, B) 3%, C) 7%, and D) 74%. Febrile neutropenia (FN) was: A) 1%, B) 1%, C) 1%, and D) 7%. Gr 3 peripheral neuropathy was: A) 14%, B) 7%, C) 12%, and D) 5%. Conclusions: The response rates of q3w nab-paclitaxel and solvent-based docetaxel were comparable. Q 3/4 W nab-paclitaxel resulted in higher response rates than solvent-based docetaxel. Grade 4 N and FN were less frequent with nab-paclitaxel as compared with solvent-based docetaxel. To date, all 3 nab-paclitaxel regimens have a longer PFS than SB docetaxel although the data are not yet mature (33% of events). Final data for a radiological review of response data, PFS, and toxicity will be presented. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Influence of short circuits on data of contact and via open circuits determined by a novel weave test structure (1996)

Generally test structures containing via strings and contact strings are used to control backend isolation layers' integrity. However, short circuits are the major type of fault resulting from defects during the backend process steps. For this reason, the influence that short circuits have on contact hole open circuits and via hole open circuits in regular string test structures will be investigated here. A novel weave test structure (WTS) is presented to detect open circuits as well as short circuits in adjacent conducting layers of backend process steps. Numerous contact strings or via strings are arranged inside boundary pads like a woven piece of cloth. Thus, short circuits between different strings are also electrically detectable. The separation and localization of defects will be achieved by dividing the chip area into distinguishable subchips inside given standard boundary pads without using any active semiconductor devices. The localization enables a versatile optical defect parameter extraction to precisely determine the reason why and how a defect occurred during the manufacturing process.
Efficiency of ATM networks in transporting TCP/IP traffic (2002)

Finds the efficiency of ATM networks in transporting TCP/IP traffic. Different kinds of protocols and compression techniques are used for these calculations. RFC 1483 is used to map IP packets into AAL-SDUs. Efficiency with respect to different packer sizes and payloads are also calculated.
Application of high resolution radar to provide non-destructive test techniques for locating URD cable faults and splices (1994)

A nondestructive, high resolution radar system that precisely locates URD power cable faults and splices has been developed. High resistance faults are identified without thumping via a low energy, battery-powered snapshot unit. Only enough DC voltage to initiate and maintain one flashover at the fault is applied; the duration is limited to four milliseconds. Pinpointing the fault or splice is accomplished by detecting the radar signal above ground. When the antenna is directly over the fault or splice, the location is confirmed. The ability to receive the signal from the cable makes the pinpointing step independent of cable propagation velocity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adenosine deaminase: Functional implications and different classes of inhibitors (2001)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme of the purine metabolism which catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine, respectively. This ubiquitous enzyme has been found in a wide variety of microorganisms, plants, and invertebrates. In addition, it is present in all mammalian cells that play a central role in the differentiation and maturation of the lymphoid system. However, despite a number of studies performed to date, the physiological role played by ADA in the different tissues is not clear. Inherited ADA deficiency causes severe combined immunodeficiency disease (ADA-SCID), in which both B-cell and T-cell development is impaired. ADA-SCID has been the first disorder to be treated by gene therapy, using polyethylene glycol-modified bovine ADA (PEG-ADA). Conversely, there are several diseases in which the level of ADA is above normal. A number of ADA inhibitors have been designed and synthesized, classified as ground-state and transition-state inhibitors. They may be used to mimic the genetic deficiency of the enzyme, in lymphoproliferative disorders or immunosuppressive therapy (i.e., in graft rejection), to potentiate the effect of antileukemic or antiviral nucleosides, and, together with adenosine kinase, to reduce breakdown of adenosine in inflammation, hypertension, and ischemic injury.
Relationship of Liver Disease Stage and Antiviral Therapy With Liver-Related Events and Death in Adults Coinfected With HIV/HCV (2012)

In this cohort of patients with HIV/HCV coinfection, hepatic fibrosis stage was independently associated with a composite outcome of ESLD, HCC, or death.
Neurologic Outcomes of 90 Neonates and Infants With Persistent Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia (2001)

Neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is still a severe disease with an important risk to rapidly develop severe mental retardation and epilepsy.
Adaptable Hydrogel Networks with Reversible Linkages for Tissue Engineering (2015)

Adaptable hydrogels have recently emerged as a promising platform for three-dimensional (3D) cell encapsulation and culture. In conventional, covalently crosslinked hydrogels, degradation is typically required to allow complex cellular functions to occur, leading to bulk material degradation. In contrast, adaptable hydrogels are formed by reversible crosslinks. Through breaking and re-formation of the reversible linkages, adaptable hydrogels can be locally modified to permit complex cellular functions while maintaining their long-term integrity. In addition, these adaptable materials can have biomimetic viscoelastic properties that make them well suited for several biotechnology and medical applications. In this review, an overview of adaptable-hydrogel design considerations and linkage selections is presented, with a focus on various cell-compatible crosslinking mechanisms that can be exploited to form adaptable hydrogels for tissue engineering.
Computation of the right-inverse of <i>G</i> ( <i>D</i> ) and the left-inverse of <i>H</i> <sup>t</sup> ( <i>D</i> ) (1990)

Useful column and row operations are given for the computation of the right-inverse G−(D) of an k × n generator matrix G(D) and the left-inverse [H(D)]−1 of the transpose of an (n — k) × n parity-check matrix H(D). The methods are illustrated with two examples.
An approach to the AC to AC/DC converter (2002)

The paper describes an input and output insulated AC to AC voltage converter, which has nearly unity power factor and regulating function, based on the bi-directional PPM (pulse phase modulation) switching technology. The converter also has AC to /spl plusmn/ variable DC voltage conversion function, that is operating at high frequency PPM control of the bi-directional solid state switching elements, which acts as synchronized to the AC power line polarity. By implementing the new type of AC to AC converter, wide power output capacity ranging from single phase 50 watt to three phase 50 kwatt can be covered, and might be adaptable to conventional power transformers or as replacement to slide regulators. The converter can also be applicable for UPS, battery charger and polarity inverse rectifiers for the servomotor or chemical treatment facilities.
ATACseqQC: a Bioconductor package for post-alignment quality assessment of ATAC-seq data (2018)

This software package has been used successfully for preprocessing and assessing several in-house and public ATAC-seq datasets. Diagnostic plots generated by this package will facilitate the quality assessment of ATAC-seq data, and help researchers to evaluate their own ATAC-seq experiments as well as select high-quality ATAC-seq datasets from public repositories such as GEO to avoid generating hypotheses or drawing conclusions from low-quality ATAC-seq experiments. The software, source code, and documentation are freely available as a Bioconductor package at https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/ATACseqQC.html .
Humanized anti-L-selectin monoclonal antibody DREC200 therapy in acute thromboembolic stroke (1998)

Strategies directed against activated neutrophils have reduced ischemia-induced brain injury. However, therapies targeted specially against the neutrophil adhesion protein L-selectin have not yet been examined in stroke. This study therefore examined the effects of a monoclonal antibody directed against L-selectin in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke with (n = 16) or without (n = 10) concomitant t-PA therapy. Rabbits received either the humanized monoclonal antibody DREG200 directed against the L-selectin receptor or humanized control monoclonal antibody HuDREG55 which does not bind to rabbit L-selectin in addition to t-PA therapy (n = 8, each group). HuDREG200 (2 mg kg-1 i.v.) was given as a bolus 3 h following clot embolization, followed immediately by a 2 h intravenous infusion of t-PA (6.3 mg kg-1. Without t-PA therapy rabbits received HuDREG200 (2 mgkg-1, i.v.; n = 5) or HuDREG55 (n = 5) 1 h following clot embolization. The group receiving HuDREG200 in addition to t-PA demonstrated a moderate improvement in brain infarct size (8.4 +/- 2.4 vs. 13.5 +/- 3.5, %hemisphere, mean +/- sem), ICP (final reading 10.0 +/- 1.6 vs. 12.4 +/- 3.0 torr) and restoration in regional cerebral blood flow (30.2 +/- 7.8 vs. 21.6 +/- 10.9 cc 100 g-1 min-1) when compared to t-PA therapy alone although statistical significance was not achieved. No efficacy was demonstrated in the group receiving HUDREG200 without concomitant t-PA therapy. The results suggest the addition of a humanized anti-L-selectin monoclonal antibody HuDREG200 in combination with t-PA may further improve outcome in acute thromboembolic stroke, although future studies are necessary to support these findings.
Bond energies, ionization potentials, and the singlet–triplet energy separations of SnCl2, SnBr2, SnI2, PbCl2, PbBr2, PbI2, and their positive ions (1994)

Spectroscopic properties, ionization potentials, dissociation energies, and the 1A1−3B1 energy separations were determined for SnX2 and PbX2 (X=Cl,Br,I). The methods of calculations employed were complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) followed by multireference single+double configuration interaction (MRSDCI). The ground state for all these molecules corresponded to a 1A1 state, followed by a 3B1 state as the first excited, and the 1B1 state as the second excited state. The ground states of positive ions of these species were computed to be the 2A1 state. The 2B1−2A1 energy separations of the positive ions were computed. The 1A1−3B1 energy separations are: 60.0 kcal/mol for SnCl2, 55.5 kcal/mol for SnBr2, 47.1 kcal/mol for SnI2, 69.7 kcal/mol for PbCl2, 65.0 kcal/mol for PbBr2, and 53.8 kcal/mol for PbI2. The properties of the 1A1 ground state are Re=2.363 (Å), θe=98.4°, μe=3.739 (D), I.P.=9.72 (eV), and De=3.50 (eV) for SnCl2; Re=2.535 (Å), θe=99.7°, μe=3.400 (D), I.P.=9.34 (eV), and De=3.22 (eV) for SnBr2; Re=2.738 (Å), θe=100.9°, μe=2.863 (D), I.P.=8.62 (eV), and De=2.52 (eV) for SnI2; Re=2.542 (Å), θe=100.8°, μe=5.289 (D), I.P.=10.02 (eV), and De=3.19 (eV) for PbCl2; Re=2.684 (Å), θe=101.5°, μe=5.038 (D), I.P.=9.64 (eV), and De=3.06 (eV) for PbBr2; and Re=2.878 (Å), θe=103.6°, μe=4.277 (D), I.P.=8.82 (eV), and De=2.51 (eV) for PbI2. The general trends for SnX2 and PbX2 (X=Cl,Br,I) are discussed.
In situ polymerase chain reaction: general methodology and recent advances. (1994)

In situ PCR is a new molecular technique, that combines the extreme sensitivity of PCR with the cellular localization provided by in situ hybridization (ISH), through the amplification of specific gene sequences within intact cells or tissue sections and increasing copy numbers to levels detectable by ISH or immunohistochemistry. In addition to the detection of viral DNA (CMV, HBV, HIV), we have used this technique for the study of DNA rearrangements, chromosomal translocations (t14;18) and viral RNA (HCV) in cells in suspension, cytocentrifuge preparations or archival tissue sections. We compared different approaches to in situ amplification of target sequences and visualization of PCR products by either subsequent ISH (indirect in situ PCR) or by direct detection of labeled nucleotides, which have been incorporated during PCR (direct in situ PCR). Our results indicate, that in situ PCR includes a number of different techniques, which are not equally applicable to all types of samples. In situ PCR appears to be most effective for the detection of DNA in single cell preparations with controlled fixation and pretreatment, although the quantification of results remains problematic. Artifacts caused by diffusion and extracellular generation of PCR products are a significant problem potentially leading to false positive results. In situ PCR works less efficiently in archival tissue sections due to poor quality of nucleic acids and retention of PCR products. Direct in situ PCR yields less specific results than indirect in situ PCR and requires additional controls such as omission of primers in the reaction mixture to detect artifacts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MACSE: Multiple Alignment of Coding SEquences Accounting for Frameshifts and Stop Codons (2011)

Until now the most efficient solution to align nucleotide sequences containing open reading frames was to use indirect procedures that align amino acid translation before reporting the inferred gap positions at the codon level. There are two important pitfalls with this approach. Firstly, any premature stop codon impedes using such a strategy. Secondly, each sequence is translated with the same reading frame from beginning to end, so that the presence of a single additional nucleotide leads to both aberrant translation and alignment.We present an algorithm that has the same space and time complexity as the classical Needleman-Wunsch algorithm while accommodating sequencing errors and other biological deviations from the coding frame. The resulting pairwise coding sequence alignment method was extended to a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) algorithm implemented in a program called MACSE (Multiple Alignment of Coding SEquences accounting for frameshifts and stop codons). MACSE is the first automatic solution to align protein-coding gene datasets containing non-functional sequences (pseudogenes) without disrupting the underlying codon structure. It has also proved useful in detecting undocumented frameshifts in public database sequences and in aligning next-generation sequencing reads/contigs against a reference coding sequence.MACSE is distributed as an open-source java file executable with freely available source code and can be used via a web interface at: http://mbb.univ-montp2.fr/macse.
Occupational safety and health standards adopted for fourteen carcinogens (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOccupational safety and health standards adopted for fourteen carcinogensU.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 6, A322Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1974Published inissue 1 June 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ed051pA322RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Debating Technology for Dialogical Argument (2017)

Debating technologies, a newly emerging strand of research into computational technologies to support human debating, offer a powerful way of providing naturalistic, dialogue-based interaction with complex information spaces. The full potential of debating technologies for dialogical argument can, however, only be realized once key technical and engineering challenges are overcome, namely data structure, data availability, and interoperability between components. Our aim in this article is to show that the Argument Web, a vision for integrated, reusable, semantically rich resources connecting views, opinions, arguments, and debates online, offers a solution to these challenges. Through the use of a running example taken from the domain of citizen dialogue, we demonstrate for the first time that different Argument Web components focusing on sensemaking, engagement, and analytics can work in concert as a suite of debating technologies for rich, complex, dialogical argument.
Cytologic diagnosis of ductal versus lobular carcinoma of the breast. (1995)

The cytologic differential diagnosis of ductal versus lobular carcinoma is difficult; based on this study, the presence of coarsely granular chromatin, nuclear size > 44 microns2 and cell size > 82 microns2 are the only features diagnostic of ductal versus lobular carcinoma.
Anticonvulsant activities of N-benzyloxycarbonyl- glycine after parenteral administration (1994)

Although glycine does not cross easily the blood-brain barrier, it exhibits at very high doses (10-40 mmol kg-1) a modest anticonvulsant activity. In this study, carbamate derivatives--N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine (Z-glycine) and N,tert-butoxycarbonylglycine (Boc-glycine)--have been compared with glycine. Z-glycine (1 mmol kg-1), but not Boc-glycine, reduces the number of tonic convulsions in the 3-mercaptopropionic and in the bicuculline tests, increases the latency of seizures in the strychnine test and is as active 3 h after administration as sodium valproate 30 min after administration in the maximal electroshock seizure test. Overall, milacemide, a precursor of glycine, and Z-glycine have rather similar anticonvulsant profiles in mice. The lack of Z-glycine affinity for the strychnine sensitive glycine receptor and the strychnine insensitive glycine receptor associated with the NMDA receptor may indicate that Z-glycine acts either via a prodrug mechanism or per se via an alternative mechanism.
Throughput bound of CDMA unslotted ALOHA with hybrid type II ARQ using rate compatible punctured turbo codes (2004)

We derive a throughput bound for CDMA unslotted ALOHA with memory ARQ in general. Since the conventional 'single queue with feedback' model, customarily employed for an ALOHA system with pure or hybrid type-I ARQ, cannot be applied to this case, we introduce an expanded model, which consists of a network of queues, and apply the Jackson theorem to simplify the analysis. When using code combining, it is very difficult to find the actual probability of packet success. Hence, instead of finding actual values, we evaluate a lower bound on it. Together with the expanded model and the packet success probability bound, we obtain the throughput bound for given composite offered traffic by using an iterative search procedure.
Design and Management of Water Circuits for a Zero-effluent Integrated Kraft Pulp Mill (2003)

Water use in integrated kraft pulp mills is normally high and highly variable. In recent years the operating cost of water in kraft pulp mills has been significantly increased due to higher costs of treatment chemicals, pumping energy, discharge licence fees and effluent management cost. Justifications for water savings is highly dependent on specific mill conditions. Process technologies are available for eliminating the fresh water use completely with the exception of water make-up due to evaporation losses. However, in an immediate future integrated kraft pulp mills will continue to demand water unless the current technologies are effectively utilised. The integrated kraft pulp mill can be designed to export clean water suitable for other uses such as irrigation. The introduction of new technologies will not necessarily complicate the mill operation. In-fact the process water circuit can be simplified for better operation.
Acquired deficiencies of protein S. Protein S activity during oral anticoagulation, in liver disease, and in disseminated intravascular coagulation. (1988)

Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein which serves as the cofactor for activated protein C. Protein S circulates in both an active, free form and in an inactive complex with C4b-binding protein. To elucidate the role of protein S in disease states and during oral anticoagulation, we developed a functional assay for protein S that permits evaluation of the distribution of protein S between free and bound forms and permits determination of the specific activity of the free protein S. In liver disease, free protein S antigen is moderately reduced and the free protein S has significantly reduced specific activity. In disseminated intravascular coagulation, reduced protein S activity occurs due to a redistribution of protein S to the inactive bound form. During warfarin anticoagulation, reduction of free protein S antigen and the appearance of forms with abnormal electrophoretic mobility significantly decrease protein S activity. After the initiation of warfarin, the apparent half-life of protein S is 42.5 h. In patients with thromboembolic disease, transient protein S deficiency occurs due to redistribution to the complexed form. Caution should be exercised in diagnosing protein S deficiency in such patients by use of functional assays.