gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic-Based Gas Sensing: A Review (2020)

The use of the photoacoustic effect to gauge the concentration of gases is an attractive alternative in the realm of optical detection methods. Even though the effect has been applied for gas sensing for almost a century, its potential for ultra-sensitive and miniaturized devices is still not fully explored. This review article revisits two fundamentally different setups commonly used to build photoacoustic-based gas sensors and presents some distinguished results in terms of sensitivity, ultra-low detection limits, and miniaturization. The review contrasts the two setups in terms of the respective possibilities to tune the selectivity, sensitivity, and potential for miniaturization.
Methods for the de-identification of electronic health records for genomic research (2011)

Electronic health records are increasingly being linked to DNA repositories and used as a source of clinical information for genomic research. Privacy legislation in many jurisdictions, and most research ethics boards, require that either personal health information is de-identified or that patient consent or authorization is sought before the data are disclosed for secondary purposes. Here, I discuss how de-identification has been applied in current genomic research projects. Recent metrics and methods that can be used to ensure that the risk of re-identification is low and that disclosures are compliant with privacy legislation and regulations (such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule) are reviewed. Although these methods can protect against the known approaches for re-identification, residual risks and specific challenges for genomic research are also discussed.
Effect of Additives on Chemoselectivity and Diastereoselectivity in the Catalytic Epoxidation of Chiral Allylic Alcohols with Hydrogen Peroxide and Binuclear Manganese Complexes (2009)

The catalytic oxidations of chiral allylic alcohols 2 by manganese complexes of the cyclic triamine 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tmtacn) 1 and hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donor in the presence of co-catalyst are investigated to understand the factors that affect the catalyst selectivity. Chemoselectivity and diastereoselectivity of catalyst 1 are significantly affected by the structure of the allylic alcohol and the nature and amount of co-catalyst. More pronounced is the influence of the amount of added molar equivalents of H(2)O(2) (20-110 mol % with respect to the substrate). Our present results reflect the complex redox chemistry of the Mn catalyst 1/H(2)O(2)/co-catalyst system in the early phase of the alkene oxidation.
Molecular analysis of the malic enzyme gene (<i>mae2</i>) of <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> (1994)

Sequence analysis of a 4.6-kb HindIII fragment containing the malic enzyme gene (mae2) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 1695 nucleotides, coding for a 565 amino acid polypeptide. The mae2 gene is expressed constitutively and encodes a single mRNA transcript of 2.0 kb. The mae2 gene was mapped on chromosome III by chromoblotting. The coding region and inferred amino acid sequence showed significant homology with 12 malic enzyme genes and proteins from widely different origins. Eight highly homologous regions were found in these malic enzymes, suggesting that they contain functionally conserved amino acid sequences that are indispensable for activity of malic enzymes. Two of these regions have previously been reported to be NAD- and NADP-binding sites.
One-pot synthesis of 3D flower-like heterostructured SnS<sub>2</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> for enhanced supercapacitor behavior (2015)

3D heterostructured SnS<sub>2</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> for enhanced supercapacitor behavior was produced <italic>via</italic> a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis.
GLANSER: Geospatial location, accountability, and Navigation System for Emergency Responders - system concept and performance assessment (2012)

A system that provides accurate and reliable location of Emergency Responders (ERs) in all types of environments presents multifaceted technological challenges. The system is intended to provide indoor/outdoor precision navigation, robust communications and real-time position updates on remote command display devices. Operational requirements include rapid and nonintrusive deployment, scalability to 500 users and seamless integration with existing procedures. Additional challenges are imposed by the need for a device that minimizes size, weight, and power with the ability to operate in uncertain and potentially hazardous in-building environments. The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (Program Manager - Dr. Jalal Mapar) has sponsored Honeywell, with team members Argon ST and TRX Systems, to develop the Geo-spatial Location, Accountability and Navigation System for Emergency Responders (GLANSER). GLANSER is currently in its Option 1 phase which is the second of a four-year program to migrate the technology from concept development all the way to product and operations (1). This paper describes development of both the current and continuing development of GLANSER system components, including the overall architecture, the navigation sensors (e.g. IMU, Doppler velocimeter), the sensor fusion and navigator design, the integrated networking, ranging, and data communications radio, the display implementation and a description of the heuristic elements, including automatic map building and constraint-based navigation corrections. It also describes testing protocols and recent navigation performance results of the prototype system. The remainder of this document is organized into three major sections: Section I is introductory and provides background information including key system requirements, technical challenges, candidate approaches, and rationale for selection of approach, sensors, hardware, and algorithms employed by the GLANSER system. Section II describes the GLANSER system and its major subcomponents in greater detail (including descriptions of the User Interface display). Section III describes the underlying ranging and communications network on which the GLANSER system is based. The final section of this report (section IV) presents results which describe performance and navigation accuracy of the current system under test.
Combining advanced process technology and design for systems level integration (2002)

Recent advances in process and integration are enabling systems level integration for numerous applications. The quality of the systems depends directly on the quality of the processes and effectiveness of the process integration, and on the quality of the designs and libraries employed, as well as on the completeness and accuracy of the models used to link the process and designs. Unit process and process module quality is ensured through the use of designed experimentation, margin analysis, and statistical capability measurement. The link between the processes and the libraries and designs is formed through such models as SPICE and interconnect, with quality implications associated with the extraction and implementation. GDSII algorithms to incorporate process specific post layout features such as OPC and fill patterns for CMP planarization are integrated into the CAD flow prior to final verification, reticle manufacturing and silicon prototyping. Foundry specific challenges in providing process and library elements include multiple design flows, tool providers and library suppliers. Examples of approaches to quality designs, processes and systems are presented using advanced cores and systems level integration.
ATPF1 binding site, a positive cis-acting regulatory element of the mammalian ATP synthase alpha-subunit gene. (1994)

An analysis of the promoter of a bovine and human nuclear-encoded mitochondrial ATP synthase alpha-subunit gene (ATPA) revealed the presence of a positive control element. DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that this cis-acting regulatory element contains a binding site for a protein present in human HeLa nuclei, termed ATP factor 1 (ATPF1). The ATPF1 binding site contains the sequence, CANNTG, a sequence identical to the recognition site for a family of transcription factors containing a basic region adjacent to a helix-loop-helix domain. Site-directed point mutations of the basic helix-loop-helix binding site demonstrated the critical role of this element for both binding of ATPF1 and also for transcriptional activation of the ATPA gene.
Improvement of Output Voltage Control Performance for Low-Speed Operation of Matrix Converter (2005)

The matrix converter (MxC) is an ac-to-ac conversion device that can generate variable frequency and variable voltage output. The nine bidirectional switches of an MxC allow pulse-width modulation (PWM) control of input currents and output voltages. PWM switches need "switch commutations" from one switch to another. During these switch commutations, however, unwanted voltage error occurs like a dead time effect in a voltage source inverter (VSI). When PWM pulse-widths are narrower than the time for completing a commutation sequence, voltage error rapidly increases. In the low-speed range, PWM pulses become narrower and voltage distortions become larger due to incomplete commutations. Moreover, these errors are critical in the low-speed operation because the system is sensitive to the smallest voltage error. In this paper, a new PWM strategy is proposed for improving voltage control performance in the low-speed range. Based on the input and output voltage information, PWM pulse-widths are controlled to avoid incomplete commutation. The feasibility of the proposed method is proved through simulation and experimental results.
Time Mismatch Effect in Linearity of Hybrid Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier (2015)

In this letter, a linearity degradation according to the time mismatching between RF and envelope paths in the hybrid envelope tracking (ET) power amplifier (PA) has been mathematically analyzed. From analysis, an asymmetric IM3 level of ET PA can be found due to the time mismatching between RF and envelope paths and AM-to-PM distortion of PA. For the experimental demonstration, the hybrid ET PA was designed for a wideband code division multiple access downlink band operating at a center frequency of 2.14 GHz. For the accurate time matching, the group delay time adjustor (GDTA) with 5 ns variation was employed in front of the RF PA. In the experiment, 4.78 dB improvement of ACPR for 4-FAs (frequency allocations) WCMDA signal of 20 MHz channel bandwidth was obtained by the optimum group delay tuning of the GDTA.
Experimentally Verified Numerical Optimization of a Three-Dimensional Parametrized Turbine Vane With Nonaxisymmetric End Walls (2005)

Abstract A three-dimensional optimization procedure on the basis of a transitional Navier-Stokes code has been developed and tested. It allows complete three-dimensional parameterization of the flow channel for improved engine component design. Both the aerofoils and the end walls are three-dimensionally parameterized to permit full design control over the wetted surface. The end wall curvature is in fact controlled by the superposition of an axisymmetric and a nonaxisymmetric parameterization. The target comprises profile and secondary losses. The optimization procedure was applied to a low-loss turbine vane and resulted in an aerodynamic design with considerably reduced losses. Vanes and end walls were then manufactured according to this optimization. The high-speed cascade wind tunnel measurements performed on these parts confirm the computational results.
Guiding-center soliton in fibers with periodically varying dispersion (1991)

The guiding-center (or the averaged) amplitude υ(T, Z) of the optical soliton is derived in the presence of periodic amplification and periodic variation of the fiber dispersion. It is also shown that υ(T, Z) permits a solitary-wave solution to all orders of Za/Z0. This result further confirms the stability of optical solitons in fibers under periodic perturbations.
Asymmetric light reflectance effect in AAO on glass (2011)

Asymmetric light reflectance effect was observed in an anodic aluminum oxide on glass structure. The transmitted light from two sides of the films show the same colors, whereas the reflected light from two sides show complementary colors. The spectra analysis demonstrates that this asymmetric light reflectance effect can be ascribed to the asymmetric geometric structure of nanoscale aluminum networks. This effect may result in applications in many fields, especially in optical communication.
Potentiation by sevoflurane of the γ‐aminobutyric acid‐induced chloride current in acutely dissociated CA1 pyramidal neurones from rat hippocampus (1996)

1. The effects of a new kind of volatile anaesthetic, sevoflurane (Sev), on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride current (Icl) in single neurones dissociated from the rat hippocampal CA1 area were examined using the nystatin perforated patch recording configuration under the voltage-clamp condition. All drugs were applied with a rapid perfusion system, termed the "Y-tube' method. 2. When the concentrations were higher than 3 x 10(-4) M, Sev, itself, induced an inward current (ISev) at a holding potential (VH) of -40 mV. The concentration-response curve of ISev was bell-shaped, with a suppressed peak and plateau currents at high concentrations (above 2 x 10(-3) M). The reversal potential of ISev (ESev) was close to the theoretical Cl- equilibrium potential, indicating that ISev was carried mainly by Cl-. 3. ISev was reversibly blocked by bicuculline (Bic), an antagonist of the GABAA receptor, in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 7.2 x 10(-7) M. But ISev was insensitive to strychnine (Str), an antagonist of the glycine receptor. 4. At low concentrations (between 3 x 10(-4) and 10(-3) M), Sev markedly enhanced the 10(-6) M GABA induced current (IGABA) but reduced the IGABA with accelerating desensitization accompanied by a "hump' current after washout at high concentrations (higher than 2 x 10(-3) M). 5. Sev, 10(-3) M potentiated the current induced by low concentrations of GABA (between 10(-7) and 3 x 10(-6) M) but reduced the current induced by high concentrations (higher than 10(-5) M) of GABA with a clear acceleration of IGABA desensitization. 6. Sev, like pentobarbitone (PB), pregnanolone (PGN) or diazepam (DZP), potentiated the 10(-6) M GABA-induced response without shifting the reversal potential of IGABA. 7. ISev was augmented by PB, PGN, or DZP at concentrations that maximally potentiated IGABA, suggesting that Sev enhanced IGABA at a binding site distinct from that for PB, PGN, or DZP. 8. It is concluded that Sev acts on the GABAA receptor complex mimicking the GABA-induced chloride current at high concentrations. At low concentrations, Sev enhances GABA-gated chloride current at a binding site independent of the allosteric modulator sites of barbiturates, benzodiazepines or neurosteroids. The reversible potentiation of the inhibitory GABAA receptor-mediated Cl- current may result in the depressing of postsynaptic excitability and may, at least in part, underlie the anaesthetic action of Sev.
Vancomycin release from poly(D,L-lactide) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) disks (2002)

A biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric system was developed for the controlled release of vancomycin for the treatment of brain abscesses. Poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) and its copolymers poly(lactide-co-glycolide) PLGA 90:10 and PLGA 70:30, were prepared. Polymer disks containing vancomycin (VN) were prepared by solvent casting from methylene chloride solutions. Degradation of the polymer disk was studied by scanning electron microscopy, NMR and GPC. SEM revealed an increasing degree of degradation with time with both PLGAs, the effect being more distinct in the PLGA with the higher glycolide content (PLGA 70:30), which was confirmed with GPC, which showed both a decrease in the molecular weights of PLGA and a decrease in the heterogeneity index (chain length distribution) upon incubation in isotonic phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C for up to 5 weeks. NMR showed a decrease in the CH2 contents of the copolymers, implying that the glycolide component of the copolymers is being preferentially degraded. In situ, vancomycin release behaviour of the disks in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was followed for approximately 2 months in a static system. It was observed that release was according to Higuchi kinetics (Q vs. t(1/2)), and introduction of low molecular weight PLA or hydrophilic compounds like PEG increased the release rate.
3.3 kV-Class 4H-SiC UMOSFET by Double-Trench with Tilt Angle Ion Implantation (2016)

A 3.3 kV trench MOSFET with double-trench structure was demonstrated. The deep buried p-base regions were fabricated using tilt angle ion implantation into the sidewalls of the trench contacts. The distance between the trench gate and trench contact was determined through simulation, in order to optimize the trade-off between on-resistance ( RonA ) and the electrical field in the oxide ( Eox ). A tapered trench was located in the connective area between the edge termination and the active area, in order to maintain breakdown voltage. We achieved a RonA of 10.3 mWcm2 and a breakdown voltage of 3843 V and the maximum Eox at breakdown voltage was estimated to be 3.2 MV/cm.
Helicene Dianions: Paratropicity of Twisted Phenanthrene Dianions (1990)

Non-planar, alkyl-substituted phenanthrenes are reduced to the dianions 1a–c with metallic lithium and sodium in [D8]THF. The paratropic chemical shifts in the 1H-NMR spectrum and the linewidths of the signals of all dianions depend in the same way on the angle of twist: the greater the twist, the better the resolution of the 1H-NMR signals and the smaller the upfield shifts.
The basic domain in the bZIP regulatory protein Opaque2 serves two independent functions: DNA binding and nuclear localization (1994)

For organisms to grow and develop, transcriptional regulatory proteins must localize to the nucleus. This movement is mediated by nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) which consist of short stretches of basic amino acids that are part of the structure of mature nuclear proteins. Two NLSs have been previously identified in the maize regulatory protein Opaque2 (O2), a member of the basic-domain, leucine-zipper (bZIP) class of proteins. In this report, it has been determined that both of these NLSs are necessary for import of O2, and the focus has been on a functional analysis of the more efficient, bipartite NLS that is present in the basic or DNA-binding domain. A mutation which contains altered amino acids on both parts of this NLS severely reduced nuclear targeting, and led to the definition of two classes of bipartite NLSs. Since the bipartite NLS is located in the highly conserved. DNA-binding domain, the dual role of this domain was examined using the maize mutant o2-676, in which a conservative mutation eliminates the DNA-binding function. The o2-676 protein localized to the nucleus in maize and the bZIP domain from the mutant protein was sufficient to redirect a reporter protein to the nucleus in transgenic plant cells. Thus, it was possible to show that the nuclear targeting function of this domain is independent of DNA binding. Sequence conservation of the basic domain of other bZIP proteins suggests that the bifunctionality of this domain may be conserved in all members of this class; a consensus sequence for a bipartite NLS in bZIP proteins is suggested.
A Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant with echinocandin-resistant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase (1994)

A novel, potent, semisynthetic pneumocandin, L-733,560, was used to isolate a resistant mutant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This compound, like other pneumocandins and echinocandins, inhibits 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase from Candida albicans (F.A. Bouffard, R.A. Zambias, J. F. Dropinski, J.M. Balkovec, M.L. Hammond, G.K. Abruzzo, K.F. Bartizal, J.A. Marrinan, M. B. Kurtz, D.C. McFadden, K.H. Nollstadt, M.A. Powles, and D.M. Schmatz, J. Med. Chem. 37:222-225, 1994). Glucan synthesis catalyzed by a crude membrane fraction prepared from the S. cerevisiae mutant R560-1C was resistant to inhibition by L-733,560. The nearly 50-fold increase in the 50% inhibitory concentration against glucan synthase was commensurate with the increase in whole-cell resistance. R560-1C was cross-resistant to other inhibitors of C. albicans 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase (aculeacin A, dihydropapulacandin, and others) but not to compounds with different modes of action. Genetic analysis revealed that enzyme and whole-cell pneumocandin resistance was due to a single mutant gene, designated etg1-1 (echinocandin target gene 1), which was semidominant in heterozygous diploids. The etg1-1 mutation did not confer enhanced ability to metabolize L-733,560 and had no effect on the membrane-bound enzymes chitin synthase I and squalene synthase. Alkali-soluble beta-glucan synthesized by crude microsomes from R560-1C was indistinguishable from the wild-type product. 1,3-beta-D-Glucan synthase activity from R560-1C was fractionated with NaCl and Tergitol NP-40; reconstitution with fractions from wild-type membranes revealed that drug resistance is associated with the insoluble membrane fraction. We propose that the etg1-1 mutant gene encodes a subunit of the 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase complex.
A SURVEY OF HEALTH AND USAGE MONITORING SYSTEM IN CONTEMPORARY AIRCRAFT (2013)

 Abstract— Health and usage monitoring systems (HUMS) is a generic term given to activities that utilize data collection and analysis techniques to help ensure availability, reliability and safety of vehicles. Activities similar to, or sometimes used interchangeably with, HUMS include condition-based maintenance (CBM) and operational data recording (ODR). In this paper, a Survey has been conducted on the present usage of H.U.M.S. in contemporary aircraft. The paper broadly explains the purpose, function, working principle, and the objectives of using HUMS in the Aircraft Industry.
OpenCL and the 13 dwarfs (2012)

In the past, evaluating the architectural innovation of parallel computing devices relied on a benchmark suite based on existing programs, e.g., EEMBC or SPEC. However, with the growing ubiquity of parallel computing devices, we argue that it is unclear how best to express parallel computation, and hence, a need exists to identify a higher level of abstraction for reasoning about parallel application requirements. Therefore, the goal of this combination "Work-in-Progress and Vision" paper is to delineate application requirements in a manner that is not overly specific to individual applications or the optimizations used for certain hardware platforms, so that we can draw broader conclusions about hardware requirements. Our initial effort, dubbed "OpenCL and the 13 Dwarfs" or OCD for short, realizes Berkeley's 13 computational dwarfs of scientific computing in OpenCL, where each dwarf captures a pattern of computation and communication that is common to a class of important applications.