gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of glucan, a macrophage activator, on murine hemopoietic cell proliferation in diffusion chambers in mice. (1978)

Pretreatment of mice with glucan, a potent macrophage activator, resulted in enhanced myeloid cluster and colony formation by bone marrow cells in diffusion chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavity. Simultaneously, erythroid colony formation was also augmented. In some experiments the plasma clots formed inside the chambers were dissolved, and the number of hematopoietic cells was determined. An increased yield of early proliferative cells, granulocytes, and macrophages was found in glucan-treated hosts. Concomitantly, higher leukocyte counts were noted in the peripheral blood of treated animals. These results suggest that glucan has a strong stimulatory effect on hematopoiesis. This stimulation is probably mediated by humoral factors of host animal origin rather than by direct interaction with proliferating hematopoietic precursors enclosed within the chambers.
High expression of RAD51 promotes DNA damage repair and survival in KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells (2019)

RAD51 recombinase plays a critical role in homologous recombination and DNA damage repair. Here we showed that expression of RAD51 is frequently upregulated in lung cancer tumors compared with normal tissues and is associated with poor survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 2, P = 0.0009). Systematic investigation of lung cancer cell lines revealed higher expression of RAD51 in KRAS mutant (MT) cells compared to wildtype (WT) cells. We further showed that MT KRAS, but not WT KRAS, played a critical role in RAD51 overexpression via MYC. Moreover, our results revealed that KRAS MT cells are highly dependent on RAD51 for survival and depletion of RAD51 resulted in enhanced DNA double strand breaks, defective colony formation and cell death. Together, our results suggest that mutant KRAS promotes RAD51 expression to enhance DNA damage repair and lung cancer cell survival, suggesting that RAD51 may be an effective therapeutic target to overcome chemo/radioresistance in KRAS mutant cancers. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(2): 151-156].
Preparation (2004)

Preparation Near the end we return to our birthplace, enduring Eden where we plucked the fruit that eased us from these low mountains to feast on other forbidden delicacies. Neon lights do not disgrace our hollow, only a dim bulb that lets us feel more than we see. An oak crashes at midnight and interrupts our shallow sleep. Cardinals search for precious seeds under last night's snow. Wine-colored rocks and scattered feathers show our struggle to be normal and holy. We say, "When your time comes, you go. That's that!" We will end where we began, at our Place: dirt, trees, creeks, and birds that stay the winter. —Sam L. Martin 46 ...
Interference Shaping for Improved Quality of Experience for Real-Time Video Streaming (2012)

The unpredictability of the wireless medium poses a major challenge to delivering a high quality of experience (QoE) for real-time video services. Bursty co-channel interference is a prominent cause of wireless throughput variability, which leads to video QoE degradation, even for a fixed average channel quality. In this paper, we propose and analyze a network-level resource management algorithm termed interference shaping to smooth out the throughput variations (and hence improve the QoE) of video users by decreasing the peak rate of co-channel best effort users. Wireless link capacity variations are mapped to the real-time video packet loss rate, and the interference shaping QoE gain for video users is quantified by benchmarking against a modified multi-scale structural similarity (H-MS-SSIM) index. H-MS-SSIM is an accurate perceptual video quality metric that incorporates the important hysteresis effect whereby the current QoE (which is subjective) may strongly depend on the recent past. The proposed technique increases mean QoE and reduces the QoE variability over time, with a net perceptual increase of about 2-3x in illustrative settings while incurring insignificant decrease in the QoE for co-channel best effort users. Interference shaping can be implemented in both unicast and multicast real-time video streaming with much higher potential gains for multicast.
A Quadraphonic FM Broadcasting System Incorporating Pilot-Controlled Compression and Pre-Emphasis (1976)

Described below is a system for broadcasting a discrete quadraphonic program over a single FM transmitter. The system is compatible with current monophonic and biphonic (stereophonic) broadcasting and also with current SCA service. The system maintains 15 kHz bandwidth for the audio signals.
Derivatization of Artesunate and Dihydroartemisinin for Colorimetric Analysis using p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (2011)

We set out to develop an alternative simple, accurate and precise method for the determination of artesunate and dihydroartemisinin in bulk samples and dosage forms. The method involves the reaction of the reactive methylene centres generated in situ from the acid decomposition of the artemisinin derivatives with p -dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB). DMAB was reduced to the purple-coloured alcohol and this was quantitatively used to estimate the concentrations of the artemisinin derivatives. The new procedure was carried out at 60 o C in less than 30 minutes with excellent calibration data. The method was accurate and precise and was found equivalent to the International Pharmacopoeia’s method for the assay of these drugs. The method could find application as an alternative in-process and after manufacture method for the quality control of artesunate and dihydroartemisinin.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted protein contrast agents for molecular imaging of prostate cancer by MRI (2016)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is one of the most specific cell surface markers for prostate cancer diagnosis and targeted treatment. However, achieving molecular imaging using non-invasive MRI with high resolution has yet to be achieved due to the lack of contrast agents with significantly improved relaxivity for sensitivity, targeting capabilities and metal selectivity. We have previously reported our creation of a novel class of protein Gd(3+) contrast agents, ProCA32, which displayed significantly improved relaxivity while exhibiting strong Gd(3+) binding selectivity over physiological metal ions. In this study, we report our effort in further developing biomarker-targeted protein MRI contrast agents for molecular imaging of PSMA. Among three PSMA targeted contrast agents engineered with addition of different molecular recognition sequences, ProCA32.PSMA exhibits a binding affinity of 1.1 ± 0.1 μM for PSMA while the metal binding affinity is maintained at 0.9 ± 0.1 × 10(-22) M. In addition, ProCA32.PSMA exhibits r1 of 27.6 mM(-1) s(-1) and r2 of 37.9 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd (55.2 and 75.8 mM(-1) s(-1) per molecule r1 and r2, respectively) at 1.4 T. At 7 T, ProCA32.PSMA also has r2 of 94.0 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd (188.0 mM(-1) s(-1) per molecule) and r1 of 18.6 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd (37.2 mM(-1) s(-1) per molecule). This contrast capability enables the first MRI enhancement dependent on PSMA expression levels in tumor bearing mice using both T1 and T2-weighted MRI at 7 T. Further development of these PSMA-targeted contrast agents are expected to be used for the precision imaging of prostate cancer at an early stage and to monitor disease progression and staging, as well as determine the effect of therapeutic treatment by non-invasive evaluation of the PSMA level using MRI.
Long-term protection in children with meningococcal C conjugate vaccination: lessons learned (2006)

Owing to an increase in group C disease, extensive prelicensure studies have been funded by both the UK Department of Health and vaccine manufacturers. These demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of three candidate meningococcal group C conjugate (MCC) vaccines (two conjugated to CRM(197) and one to tetanus toxoid) in the targeted age groups. Induction of immunological memory in infants and young children was also demonstrated by either a low dose of polysaccharide challenge following primary immunization with MCC or by an increase in avidity indices post-primary to pre-challenge. Immune memory after infant immunization persisted to at least 4 years of age, although antibody persistence in this age group was poor. MCC vaccine was introduced into the UK routine immunization schedule at 2, 3 and 4 months of age in 1999, with a catch-up as a single dose to all children aged 1-18 years with two doses for infants aged 5-11 months. The number of group C cases fell rapidly in the targeted age groups and early analyzes showed high vaccine effectiveness in all age groups together with significant herd immunity. However, when effectiveness was measured again more than 1 year after vaccination, there was a significant decline in all age groups, most marked in infants vaccinated in the routine infant immunization program, for whom there was no demonstrable efficacy after only 1 year and then in toddlers for whom efficacy declined to 61% (95% confidence interval: -327-94) from 88% (95% confidence interval: 65-96) in the first year. However, good disease control was maintained in the UK with only low numbers of vaccine failures. The assumption that immune memory was predictive of long-term protection is incorrect, at least after vaccination in infancy. Persistence of antibody and herd immunity may be more relevant for long-term disease control.
An analysis of Facebook photo caching (2013)

This paper examines the workload of Facebook's photo-serving stack and the effectiveness of the many layers of caching it employs. Facebook's image-management infrastructure is complex and geographically distributed. It includes browser caches on end-user systems, Edge Caches at ~20 PoPs, an Origin Cache, and for some kinds of images, additional caching via Akamai. The underlying image storage layer is widely distributed, and includes multiple data centers.
Recombinant hemoglobin βG83C‐F41Y (2005)

We have engineered a stable octameric hemoglobin (Hb) of molecular mass 129 kDa, a dimer of recombinant hemoglobin (rHb betaG83C-F41Y) tetramers joined by disulfide bonds at the beta83 position. One of the major problems with oxygen carriers based on acellular hemoglobin solutions is vasoactivity, a limitation which may be overcome by increasing the molecular size of the carrier. The oxygen equilibrium curves showed that the octameric rHb betaG83C-F41Y exhibited an increased oxygen affinity and a decreased cooperativity. The CO rebinding kinetics, auto-oxidation kinetics, and size exclusion chromatography did not show the usual dependence on protein concentration, indicating that this octamer was stable and did not dissociate easily into tetramers or dimers at low concentration. These results were corroborated by the experiments with haptoglobin showing no interaction between octameric rHb betaG83C-F41Y and haptoglobin, a plasma glycoprotein that binds the Hb dimers and permits their elimination from blood circulation. The lack of dimers could be explained if there are two disulfide bridges per octamer, which would be in agreement with the lack of reactivity of the additional cysteine residues. The kinetics of reduction of the disulfide bridge by reduced glutathione showed a rate of 1000 M(-1) x h(-1) (observed time coefficient of 1 h at 1 mM glutathione) at 25 degrees C. Under air, the cysteines are oxidized and the disulfide bridge forms spontaneously; the kinetics of the tetramer to octamer reaction displayed a bimolecular reaction of time coefficient of 2 h at 11 microM Hb and 25 degrees C. In addition, the octameric rHb betaG83C-F41Y was resistant to potential reducing agents present in fresh plasma.
Treatment of acute monocytic leukemia after combined en-bloc liver and pancreas transplantation (2012)

Objective
To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of acute monocytic leukemia after combined en-bloc liver and pancreas transplantation.


Methods
Clinical data of one patient(male, 62 years), diagnosed as acute monocytic leukemia after combined en-bloc liver and pancreas transplantation in Department of Hematology of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University on October 2011 was analyzed retrospectively. Local ethical committee approval had been received and that the informed consent of the participating subject was obtained. Blood routine, bone marrow morphological examination, karyotype and fusion gene detection result were analyzed.


Results
The patient had no specific clinical manifestation except for recurrent hemorrhagic spot and lung infection after combined en-bloc liver and pancreas transplantation. Pancytopenia was found by blood routine examination 3 months after operation. The diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia was confirmed by bone marrow morphological examination, karyotype analysis and fusion gene detection. High-dose chemotherapy was given to the patient, but no complete remission was achieved. The patient died of severe infection.


Conclusions
Acute monocytic leukemia is a rare complication after combined en-bloc liver and pancreas transplantation. There is no specific clinical manifestation. Laboratory examination is the main method of diagnosis. The efficacy of chemotherapy is poor and the mortality is high.


Key words: 
Liver transplantation; Leukemia, monocytic, acute; Diagnosis; Chemotherapy
Tumour-targeted chemotherapy with immunoconjugates of calicheamicin (2004)

Antibody-targeted chemotherapy is a therapeutic strategy in cancer therapy that involves a monoclonal antibody specific for a tumour-associated antigen, covalently linked via a suitable linker to a potent cytotoxic agent. Tumour-targeted delivery of a cytotoxic agent in the form of an immunoconjugate is expected to improve its antitumour activity and safety. Calicheamicin is a cytotoxic natural product isolated from Micromonospora echinospora that is at least 1000-fold more potent than conventional cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. Calicheamicin binds DNA in the minor groove and causes double-strand DNA breaks, leading to cell death. Immunoconjugates of calicheamicin targeted against tumour-associated antigens exhibit tumour-specific cytotoxic effects and cause regression of established human tumour xenografts in nude mice. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is the first clinically validated cytotoxic immunoconjugate in which a humanised anti-CD33 antibody is linked to a derivative of calicheamicin. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is indicated for the treatment of elderly patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. A similar conjugate, inotuzumab ozogamicin, is being evaluated at present in Phase I clinical trials in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A number of tumour-targeted immunoconjugates of calicheamicin are being explored preclinically at present for their therapeutic applications.
Electrostatic atomization—Experiment, theory and industrial applications (1996)

Experimental and theoretical research has been initiated at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory on the electrostatic atomization process in collaboration with Charged Injection Corporation. The goal of this collaboration is to set up a comprehensive research and development program on the electrostatic atomization at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory so that both institutions can benefit from the collaboration. Experimental, theoretical and numerical simulation approaches are used for this purpose. An experiment consisting of a capillary sprayer combined with a quadrupole mass filter and a charge detector was installed at the Electrostatic Atomization Laboratory to study fundamental properties of the charged droplets such as the distribution of charges with respect to the droplet radius. In addition, a numerical simulation model is used to study interaction of beam electrons with atmospheric pressure water vapor, supporting an effort to develop an electrostatic water mist fire-fighting nozzle.
Characterization of Light Element Impurities in Ultrathin Silicon-on-Insulator Layers by Luminescence Activation Using Electron Irradiation (2009)

We analyzed light element impurities in ultrathin top Si layers of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers by luminescence activation using electron irradiation. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis under ultraviolet (UV) light excitation was performed on various commercial SOI wafers after the irradiation. We detected the C-line related to a complex of interstitial carbon and oxygen impurities and the G-line related to a complex of interstitial and substitutional carbon impurities in the top Si layer with a thickness down to 62 nm after electron irradiation. We showed that there were differences in the impurity concentration depending on the wafer fabrication methods and also that there were variations in these concentrations in the respective wafers. Xenon ion implantation was used to activate top Si layers selectively so that we could confirm that the PL signal under the UV light excitation comes not from substrates but from top Si layers. The present method is a very promising tool to evaluate the light element impurities in top Si layers.
Methodological Considerations for the Evaluation of EEG Mapping Data: A Practical Example Based on a Placebo/Diazepam Crossover Trial (1995)

Quantitative EEG is a sensitive method for measuring pharmacological effects on the central nervous system. Nowadays, computers enable EEG data to be stored and spectral parameters to be computed for signals obtained from a large number of electrode locations. However, the statistical analysis of such vast amounts of EEG data is complicated due to the limited number of subjects usually involved in pharmacological studies. In the present study, data from a trial aimed at comparing diazepam and placebo were used to investigate different properties of EEG mapping data and to compare different methods of data analysis. Both the topography and the temporal changes of EEG activity were investigated using descriptive data analysis, which is based on an inspection of patterns of pd values (descriptive p values) assessed for all pair-wise tests for differences in time or treatment. An empirical measure (tri-mean) for the computation of group maps is suggested, allowing a better description of group effects with skewed data of small samples size. Finally, both the investigation of maps based on principal component analysis and the notion of distance between maps are discussed and applied to the analysis of the data collected under diazepam treatment, exemplifying the evaluation of pharmacodynamic drug effects.
Engine Testing of a Prototype Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustor (1992)

The design of a lean-premixed, annular, dry low NOx combustor for Solar’s 5500 hp Centaur Type H gas turbine is discussed. Results from early engine tests of prototype combustion hardware are presented. The emissions results with natural gas fueling meet the development goals of less than 25 ppm NOx (at 15% O2) and 50 ppm CO. Several techniques to extend the low emissions operating range of the lean-premixed system are shown to be effective.
Determination of Tea Polyphenols and Caffeine in Tea Flowers (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) and Their Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging and Nitric Oxide Suppressing Effects (2003)

The native occurrence of tea polyphenols, namely, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin, and (-)-epicatechin 3-gallate, and caffeine in tea flowers was assessed by an isocratic HPLC procedure. The levels of total catechins and caffeine were determined in tea flowers collected from 10 different species of Camellia sinensis. The results showed the levels of total catechin ranged from 10 to 38 mg/g, whereas the level of caffeine ranged from 3 to 8 mg/g. Levels of catechins and caffeine in tea leaves and various teas were also determined and ranged from 2 to 126 mg/g and from 23 to 49 mg/g, respectively. Both tea flower and tea leaf extracts exert their strong hydroxyl radical scavenging effects in the Fenton reaction system and nitric oxide suppressing effects in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Most tea flowers contain less caffeine, but comparable amounts of total catechins, compared to tea leaves and teas. The present study demonstrates that both tea flowers and tea leaves contain appreciable amounts of catechins and caffeine. It is likely that tea flowers might be useful for making alternative tea beverages.
Non-Autoclave Materials for Large Composite Structures (2000)

Report developed under SBIR contract for topic BMDO 00-013. Launch vehicles for the Space Based Infrared System will include Titan Launch vehicles and the Air Force Space Operations Vehicle (SOV). Composite structures on the SOV (the military version of NASA's Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) will be too large to cure inside existing autoclaves. Electron Beam processing is one of the most promising approaches for out-of-autoclave composite curing and bonding. Recent technology demonstration programs have shown potential cost savings and the ability to make large parts using EB curing at low temperature. However, additional development of EB-cured materials is required to meet RLV and SOV mechanical and thermal design specifications. Science Research Laboratory and the University of Dayton Research Institute have formulated new EB-cured resins and composites and tested these materials at ambient temperature and in liquid nitrogen. The results show that the electron beam cured materials developed and the electron beam curing process are promising for space structures and for cryogenic applications. Directions for future improvements in thermal and mechanical properties of the resins and the composites are discussed. Additional mechanical testing is required to establish a complete set of mechanical properties in liquid nitrogen and in liquid hydrogen. The ultimate goal is to meet or exceed the properties of Cytec Fiberite 977-2, the baseline used by Lockheed Martin in the NASA X-33 Half-Scale Reusable Launch Vehicle program.
Residue levels and cholinesterase activities in sheep poisoned experimentally with diazinon (1974)

Abstract Sheep were dosed orally with diazinon at 450 and 600 mg/kg: residues of diazinon were determined in the blood, brain, liver, kidney cortex and medulla, muscle, fat and rumen contents at intervals after dosing, and cholinesterase activities in the erythrocytes and the brain were determined at the same intervals. The relations between residues, cholinesterase activity and clinical symptoms are discussed from the points of view of their diagnostic value and the possibility of undesirable residues occurring in poisoned animals. Rough estimates of the residues of two metabolites, hydroxydiazinon and dehydro‐diazinon, in one sheep are also discussed. The oxygen analogue of diazinon was not detected although it was specifically sought.