gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient Switching Median Filter for Salt &amp; Pepper Impulse Noise Reduction (2007)

An improved and efficient adaptive median filter is proposed for salt & pepper impulse noise removal from digital images. The more perfect and computationally efficient filtering scheme takes care to restore only the impulse corrupted pixels by a perfect mid-ranking image statistic from an appropriate local neighborhood while keeping the signal content of the uncorrupted pixels as such. The corrupted signals are identified by an adaptive technique and the signal loss due to misinterpretation of uncorrupted signals as corrupted is almost avoided to sustain the image details intact. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm which detects impulses and restores the corrupted signals in a single efficient stretch is far more superior than many of the other median filters in terms of retaining the fidelity of the images corrupted by salt & pepper impulse noise even to the tune of ninety five percent. The objectiveness of the proposed filter in terms of peak signal to noise ratio and mean absolute error at all noise levels shows the significance of this filter.
Exemplary Ion Source for the Implanting of Halogen and Oxygen Based Dopant Gases (2016)

The demand from device manufacturers for longer source life, increased beam currents, beam stability and non-dedicated species operation has pushed the present ion source design to its limits. Each of the above requirements is not mutually exclusive and usually one or more performance characteristics are typically sacrificed so as to ensure the ion source does not fail prematurely. The highly corrosive nature of fluorides and oxides generated from cracking GeF4, BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , SiF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , CO, and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> challenges the traditional refractory metals used to construct the ion source. The formation of tungsten fluorides (WFx) which then decompose (halogen cycle) and deposit tungsten onto critical heated surfaces such as the cathode, repeller (anode) and arc slit optics degrades source performance. The WFx will also react with the critical source insulators, forming a conductive coating that also causes beam instabilities and shortened source lifetimes. The formation of WO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /WO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> on the internal source components negatively impacts transitions to other species such as <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> B and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">49</sup> BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> until the residual oxygen released from the tungsten oxides is below some threshold level. The use of lanthanated tungsten for internal arc chamber components in many cases does not require the use of a co-gas such as hydrogen to tie up residual fluorine and/or oxygen to prevent the aforementioned ion source damage. The reaction of F- and O- with lanthanum results in a protective surface layer which is very stable at temperatures >2000°C, whereas tungsten fluorides and oxides are very volatile (halogen cycle) and lead to shorter source life and increased ion beam instabilities. Other important attributes of this source are improved cathode electron emission due to its lower work function and decreased formation of tungsten carbide on the cathode tip which will reduce cathode electron emission for carbon implants. This new alloy coupled with the patent pending Axcelis co-gases and improved cathode repeller seals will further improve source stability and ensure predictable, repeatable, and longer source lifetimes.
Aids for the Analyst - Semimicro Gas Permeability Apparatus for Sheet Material (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAids for the Analyst - Semimicro Gas Permeability Apparatus for Sheet MaterialW. R. R. ParkCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 12, 1897–1899Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online18 July 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60132a610https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60132a610research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A prospective, randomised, controlled, multi‐centre comparative effectiveness study of healing using dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane allograft, bioengineered skin substitute or standard of care for treatment of chronic lower extremity diabetic ulcers (2014)

A prospective, randomised, controlled, parallel group, multi-centre clinical trial was conducted at three sites to compare the healing effectiveness of treatment of chronic lower extremity diabetic ulcers with either weekly applications of Apligraf(®) (Organogenesis, Inc., Canton, MA), EpiFix(®) (MiMedx Group, Inc., Marietta, GA), or standard wound care with collagen-alginate dressing. The primary study outcome was the percent change in complete wound healing after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes included percent change in wound area per week, velocity of wound closure and a calculation of the amount and cost of Apligraf or EpiFix used. A total of 65 subjects entered the 2-week run-in period and 60 were randomised (20 per group). The proportion of patients in the EpiFix group achieving complete wound closure within 4 and 6 weeks was 85% and 95%, significantly higher (all adjusted P-values ≤ 0·003) than for patients receiving Apligraf (35% and 45%), or standard care (30% and 35%). After 1 week, wounds treated with EpiFix had reduced in area by 83·5% compared with 53·1% for wounds treated with Apligraf. Median time to healing was significantly faster (all adjusted P-values ≤0·001) with EpiFix (13 days) compared to Apligraf (49 days) or standard care (49 days). The mean number of grafts used and the graft cost per patient were lower in the EpiFix group campared to the Apligraf group, at 2·15 grafts at a cost of $1669 versus 6·2 grafts at a cost of $9216, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate the clinical and resource utilisation superiority of EpiFix compared to Apligraf or standard of care, for the treatment of diabetic ulcers of the lower extremities.
Stress-induced premature senescence of endothelial cells (2008)

Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) is characterized by cell cycle arrest and curtailed Hayflick limit. Studies support a central role for Rb protein in controlling this process via signaling from the p53 and p16 pathways. Cellular senescence is considered an essential contributor to the aging process and has been shown to be an important tumor suppression mechanism. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that SIPS may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic human diseases. Here, focusing on endothelial cells, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of SIPS and the pathways that trigger it, evaluate their correlation with the apoptotic response and examine their links to the development of chronic diseases, with the emphasis on vasculopathy. Emerging novel therapeutic interventions based on recent experimental findings are also reviewed.
HYPERACUTE XENOGRAFT REJECTION IS NOT CONSISTENT AFTER PIG TO PRIMATE SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION (2001)

Hyperacute rejection has been thought to be the inevitable outcome of organs transplanted between disparate species. In a recent article published in Transplantation, Loss et al. (1) reported that far from being inevitable, hyperacute rejection occurred in only a small percentage of pig kidneys transplanted into baboons. I wrote a commentary regarding this article in which I discussed the difference between the observations of Loss et al. and the experience of others in the field who had found that pig organs transplanted into baboons and cynomolgus monkeys seemed more likely to undergo hyperacute rejection. I pointed out that the difference between the experience of Loss et al. and the experience of others was unlikely due to chance, the probability being less than 2% for cynomolgus monkeys and less than 0.001% for baboons as recipients (see Table 1 in the accompanying letter by Loss et al.). I suggested that why hyperacute rejection occurs sometimes with high frequency and sometimes with low frequency might be instructive. I went on to discuss the various factors that might have distinguished the experience of Loss et al. from the experience of others in the field and what is known about the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and kinetics of hyperacute rejection. My commentary was intended to provoke more thinking about hyperacute rejection. Based on the content of the accompanying letter to the editor by Loss et al., I can conclude my effort was successful, at least in part. Although the letter by Loss et al. restates only a few of the points I made, and without full accuracy, I hope that this response may further stimulate readers to think about why hyperacute rejection occurs in some cases but not in others. Rather than repeat what was stated in my commentary, I would reiterate only a point made in closing—that whether hyperacute rejection occurs with a low frequency as Loss et al. finds or with a high frequency as seen by others is of little practical import, as any frequency of hyperacute rejection is unacceptable, and even a small risk of hyperacute rejection must be countered by therapeutic measures such as depletion of xenoreactive antibodies or the expression of complement-regulatory proteins in the transplanted organ. Jeffrey L. Platt
Laser-induced synthesis of thin CuInSe2 films (1985)

Thin films of CuInSe2 are synthesized by laser irradiation of Cu-In-Se sandwiches in 1:1:2 atomic proportion. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, and optical spectrometry, the presence of semiconducting ternary compound CuInSe2, with the chalcopyrite structure, is strongly evidenced in all the irradiated samples, supported or not, with no other phases observed. For glass-supported films, the optical absorbance characteristic of a uniformly transformed region indicates a direct optical band gap of (0.95±0.10) eV. Crystallites obtained on free-standing films (i.e., supported on TEM grids) can reach 20 μm in dimension.
MobiCrowd: Mobile Crowdsourcing on Location-based Social Networks (2018)

The great potential of mobile crowdsourcing has started to attract attention of both industries and the research community. However, current commercial mobile crowdsourcing marketplaces are unsatisfactory because of the limited worker base and functionality. In this paper, we first revisit the foundation of performing mobile crowdsourcing on location-based social networks (LBSNs) through specially designed survey studies and comparison experiments involving hundreds of users. Our results reveal that active check-ins are good indicators of picking a right user to perform tasks, and LBSN could be an ideal platform for mobile crowdsourcing given proper services provided. We then propose both the centralized and decentralized design of MobiCrowd, a mobile crowdsourcing service built on LBSNs. Our evaluation, through trace-driven simulation and real-world experiments, demonstrates that the proposed schemes can effectively find workers for mobile crowdsourcing tasks associated with different venues by analyzing their location check-in histories.
FreezeOut: Accelerate Training by Progressively Freezing Layers (2017)

The early layers of a deep neural net have the fewest parameters, but take up the most computation. In this extended abstract, we propose to only train the hidden layers for a set portion of the training run, freezing them out one-by-one and excluding them from the backward pass. Through experiments on CIFAR, we empirically demonstrate that FreezeOut yields savings of up to 20% wall-clock time during training with 3% loss in accuracy for DenseNets, a 20% speedup without loss of accuracy for ResNets, and no improvement for VGG networks. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/ajbrock/FreezeOut
Developing LMF-XML Bilingual Dictionaries for Colloquial Arabic Dialects (2012)

The Linguistic Data Consortium and Georgetown University Press are collaborating to create updated editions of bilingual diction-aries that had originally been published in the 1960’s for English-speaking learners of Moroccan, Syrian and Iraqi Arabic. In their first editions, these dictionaries used ad hoc Latin-alphabet orthography for each colloquial Arabic dialect, but adopted some proper-ties of Arabic-based writing (collation order of Arabic headwords, clitic attachment to word forms in example phrases); despite their common features, there are notable differences among the three books that impede comparisons across the dialects, as well as com-parisons of each dialect to Modern Standard Arabic. In updating these volumes, we use both Arabic script and International Pho-netic Alphabet orthographies; the former provides a common basis for word recognition across dialects, while the latter provides dialect-specific pronunciations. Our goal is to preserve the full content of the original publications, supplement the Arabic headword inventory with new usages, and produce a uniform lexicon structure expressible via the Lexical Markup Framework (LMF, ISO 24613). To this end, we developed a relational database schema that applies consistently to each dialect, and HTTP-based tools for searching, editing, workflow, review and inventory management.
Resiliency of HPC Interconnects: A Case Study of Interconnect Failures and Recovery in Blue Waters (2017)

Availability of the interconnection network in high-performance computing (HPC) systems is fundamental to sustaining the continuous execution of applications at scale. When failures occur, interconnect recovery mechanisms orchestrate complex operations to recover network connectivity between the nodes. As the scale and design complexity of HPC systems increase, so does the system's susceptibility to failures during execution of interconnect-recovery procedures. This study characterizes the recovery procedures of the Gemini interconnect network, the largest Gemini network built by Cray, on Blue Waters, a 13.3 petaflop supercomputer at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). We propose a propagation model that captures interconnect failures and recovery procedures to help understand types of failures and their propagation in both the system and applications during recovery. The measurements show that recovery procedures occur very frequently and that the unsuccessful execution of recovery procedures, when additional failures occur during recovery, causes system-wide outages (SWOs, 28 out of 101) and application failures (3.4 percent of all running applications).
Reducing Levels of Toxic RNA with Small Molecules (2013)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is one of the most common forms of muscular dystrophy. DM is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a toxic gain of function RNA. The toxic RNA is produced from expanded noncoding CTG/CCTG repeats, and these CUG/CCUG repeats sequester the Muscleblind-like (MBNL) family of RNA binding proteins. The MBNL proteins are regulators of alternative splicing, and their sequestration has been linked with mis-splicing events in DM. A previously reported screen for small molecules found that pentamidine was able to improve splicing defects associated with DM. Biochemical experiments and cell and mouse model studies of the disease indicate that pentamidine and related compounds may work through binding the CTG*CAG repeat DNA to inhibit transcription. Analysis of a series of methylene linker analogues of pentamidine revealed that heptamidine reverses splicing defects and rescues myotonia in a DM1 mouse model.
Phenology of Five Palmer amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i>) Populations Grown in Northern Indiana and Arkansas (2018)

Abstract Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is a problematic weed encountered in U.S. cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production, with infestations spreading northward. This research investigated the influence of planting date (early, mid-, and late season) and population (AR, IN, MO, MS, NE, and TN) on A. palmeri growth and reproduction at two locations. All populations planted early or midseason at Throckmorton Purdue Agricultural Center (TPAC) and Arkansas Agriculture Research and Extension Center (AAREC) measured 196 and 141 cm or more, respectively . Amaranthus palmeri height did not exceed 168 and 134 cm when planted late season at TPAC and AAREC, respectively. Early season planted A. palmeri from NE grew to 50% of maximum height 8 to 13 d earlier than all other populations under TPAC conditions. In addition, the NE population planted early, mid-, and late season achieved 50% inflorescence emergence 5, 4, and 6 d earlier than all other populations, respectively. All populations established at TPAC produced fewer than 100,000 seeds plant −1 . No population planted at TPAC and AAREC produced more than 740 and 1,520 g plant −1 of biomass at 17 and 19 wk after planting, respectively. Planting date influenced the distribution of male and female plants at TPAC, but not at AAREC . Amaranthus palmeri from IN and MS planted late season had male-to-female plant ratios of 1.3:1 and 1.7:1, respectively . Amaranthus palmeri introduced to TPAC from NE can produce up to 7,500 seeds plant −1 if emergence occurs in mid-July. An NE A. palmeri population exhibited biological characteristics allowing it to be highly competitive if introduced to TPAC due to a similar latitudinal range, but was least competitive when introduced to AAREC. Although A. palmeri originating from different locations can vary biologically, plants exhibited environmental plasticity and could complete their life cycle and contribute to spreading populations.
1,3,5-Trideoxy-1,3,5-tris((2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)-cis-inositol, a novel multidentate ligand providing various N,O coordination sites. Structure of the rhenium(V) complex (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,3,5-Trideoxy-1,3,5-tris((2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)-cis-inositol, a novel multidentate ligand providing various N,O coordination sites. Structure of the rhenium(V) complexKaspar Hegetschweiler, Andre Egli, Roger Alberto, and Helmut W. SchmalleCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 20, 4027–4028Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00046a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00046a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Low Cost Fiber Optic Velocimeter (1986)

A noncontact, fiber-optic-based velocity measurement device which has not received much attention in the literature is what could be called a "Retical Image Velocimeter" or RIV. It provides the potential of velocity measurement accuracy comparable to more costly techniques. The chief advantage of the RIV method is that a coherent light source is not required. Instead, an inexpensive light-emitting diode is used in conjunction with fiber optic light guides and a reticle to produce a real fringe image at the point of measurement. Light scattered from particles or surface irregularities moving through this point is modulated by the reticle pattern. Collection, fiber optic transmission, detection, and frequency analysis of this scattered light at a remote location are used to infer the velocity of flow in a transparent media or the speed of a moving surface.
A gold nanocomposite made soluble in both water and oil by the addition of a second adsorption layer of poly-<i>N</i>-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone on gold nanoparticles that have been made hydrophobic (2005)

A kind of nanocomposite with hydrophobic nanogold as the core and an absorption layer of poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (PVP) molecules surrounding it has been prepared. The nanocomposite can be dispersed well in both water and organic solvent. In water media it disperses over a pH range from 1 to 14, while in organic media the desorption of PVP results in the nanoparticles becoming hydrophobic; the enhancement of the viscosity caused by the PVP solution causes the hydrophobic sol to have very good kinetic stability. The particles can be switched repeatedly between hydrophobic and hydrophilic states. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis have been used to study the multilayer protection mechanism.