gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective N-oxidations of chlorinated pyrazines and quinoxalines (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective N-oxidations of chlorinated pyrazines and quinoxalinesCraig E. Mixan and R. Garth PewsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 11, 1869–1871Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00431a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00431a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views569Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Calcite Reinforced Silica–Silica Joints in the Biocomposite Skeleton of Deep‐Sea Glass Sponges (2011)

Abstract The hierarchically structured glass sponge Caulophacus species uses the first known example of a silica and calcite biocomposite to join the spicules of its skeleton together. In the stalk and body skeleton of this poorly known deep‐sea glass sponge siliceous spicules are modified by the addition of conical calcite seeds, which then form the basis for further silica secretion to form a spinose region. Spinose regions on adjacent spicules are then joined by siliceous crosslinks, leading to unusually strong cross‐spicule linkages. In addition to the biomaterials implications it is now clear, from this first record of a biomineral other than silica, that the hexactinellid sponges are capable of synthesizing calcite, the ancestral skeletal material. We propose that, while the low concentrations of calcium in deep sea waters drove the evolution of silica skeletons, the brittleness of silica has led to retention of the more resilient calcite in very low concentrations at the skeletal joints.
Electronic Lamp Monitoring (1972)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In describing the electronic lamp monitoring system developed at Packard Electric Div. of General Motors Corp., this paper discusses the requirements of lamp monitoring systems, presents a brief history of such systems at Packard Electric, explains how the system functions, and details the method of assembling the system into General Motors automobiles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The requirements for a lamp monitoring system are: it should be able to monitor all types of exterior lamps on the automobile, and the number of lamps must not be critical to design; it must be easy to assemble; it should be simple in design so that it can be repaired in the field with minimum training of personnel; it must be reliable and able to withstand the electrical and environmental conditions to which the vehicle is subjected; there should be minimal change from one car line to another and from one model year to another; and most importantly, the unit cost should be reasonable.</div>
To measure pain and then let pain speak for itself: the role of elicited and non-elicited verbal pain language in pain assessment across cultures. (2013)

Standardised one dimensional pain measurement tools such as the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) are advantageous in situations where time is limited and information is required quickly. The NRS and VRS can be administered verbally and used with a variety of populations, for example clients with cognitive impairment (Bird 2003).
Free Radical Reaction of Diisopropyl Xanthogen Disulfide with Unsaturated Systems (1998)

1,3-Dithiol-2-ones are prepared in one pot reaction from commercially available diisopropyl xanthogen disulfide (2) and alkynes under radical conditions.The 5-membered heterocycle is fomed via a ring closure of vinyl radical (7) resulting from the thio radical addition of 5 to an alkyne.The reaction worked best for alkynes conjugated with a C% double bond.The oxygen atoms of reagent (2) could be replaced by sulfur and this new reagent furnished 1,3-dithiol-2-thiones under radical conditions.
Reflective and polarimetric characteristics of urban materials (2006)

A spectropolarimetric reflectometer is used to measure the monostatic bidirectional reflectance distribution function (mBRDF) and the complete Mueller matrix of a number of urban type materials over a broad spectral region. Derivative features from these measurements are computed and stochastic models of each material are constructed. The models are then used to generate data for separability studies by implementation of a kernel-based linear discriminant classification technique. The purpose for this study, selection of materials, measurements process, analysis techniques, and concluding results are all presented.
[Hormones and adipocyte development]. (1997)

Dormant preadipocytes isolated from adipose tissue are able to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro. A few adipogenic hormones (glucocorticoids or prostacyclin, IGF-I and insulin) are sufficient to trigger the differentiation program. In preadipose and adipose cells, glucocorticoids play a cardinal role by regulating the expression of numerous genes and by increasing the production of prostacyclin which acts as an intracrine/autocrine/paracrine effector. Fatty acids and metabolites (including prostacyclin) enhance adipocyte differentiation via the activation of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). PPARs then modulate positively the expression of various lipid-related genes involved in triacylglycerol accumulation. These in vitro observations emphasize the importance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and provide also a link which may take place in vivo between high-fat diets and the excess of adipose tissue development.
Efficient techniques for wide-angle stereo vision using surface projection models (2003)

Wide-Angle lenses are not often used for 3D reconstruction tasks, in spite of the potential advantages offered by their increased field-of-view, because (1) existing algorithms for high-distortion lens compensation perform poorly at image extremities and (2) procedures for the reconstruction of recti-linear images place a large burden on system resources. In this paper, a projection model based on quadric surfaces is presented which accurately characterizes the effect of wide-angle lenses across the entire image and allows for the use of novel feature matching strategies that do not require nonlinear distortion compensation.
Influence of Iodide Concentration on the Efficiency and Stability of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Containing Non‐Volatile Electrolyte (2009)

Dye-sensitized solar cells based on nanocrystalline TiO(2) have been fabricated with an amphiphilic ruthenium sensitizer NaRu(4-carboxylic acid-4'-carboxylate)(4,4'-dinonyl-2,2'-bipyridine)(NCS)2, coded as Z-907Na, and a series of non-volatile 3-methoxyproprionitrile (MPN)-based electrolytes with different concentration of 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (PMII). The short-circuit photocurrent density increases with increasing iodide concentration until at 1.5 M practically quantitative dye regeneration is achieved as proved by time-resolved laser experiments. Devices containing 1.0 M PMII electrolyte show excellent stability during long-time thermal aging at 80 degrees C and under light soaking at 60 degrees C.
The use of 'transparent' tone-in-band (TTIB) and feedforward signal regeneration (FFSR) in single sideband mobile communication systems (1982)

Presents a novel form of pilot single sideband (SSB) modulation for VHF and UHF civil land mobile radio and discusses a technique for suppressing the effects of multipath interference on such systems. These systems require the transmission of a low level pilot along with the wanted modulation to provide the receiver with a reference for the automatic gain control (AGC) and automatic frequency control (AFC) circuitry
Sub-8-fs pulses from an ultrabroadband optical parametric amplifier in the visible (1998)

Pulses with 180-THz bandwidth and 2-microJ energy were generated by a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier in the visible, pumped by the second harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser. A portion of the amplified pulse spectrum was compressed to 7.2 fs by use of a thin prism sequence.
Nanopore-Based DNA Hard Drives for Rewritable and Secure Data Storage (2020)

Nanopores are powerful single-molecule tools for label-free sensing of nanoscale molecules including DNA that can be used for building designed nanostructures and performing computations. Here, DNA hard drives (DNA-HDs) are introduced based on DNA nanotechnology and nanopore sensing as a rewritable molecular memory system, allowing for storing, operating, and reading data in the changeable three-dimensional structure of DNA. Writing and erasing data are significantly improved compared to previous molecular storage systems by employing controllable attachment and removal of molecules on a long double-stranded DNA. Data reading is achieved by detecting the single molecules at the millisecond time scale using nanopores. The DNA-HD also ensures secure data storage where the data can only be read after providing the correct physical molecular keys. Our approach allows for easy-writing and easy-reading, rewritable, and secure data storage toward a promising miniature scale integration for molecular data storage and computation.
Is superbenzene superaromatic? (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIs superbenzene superaromatic?Jerzy Cioslowski, Peter B. O'Connor, and Eugene D. FleischmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4, 1086–1089Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00004a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views440Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Content-based load balancing with multicast and TCP-handoff (2003)

Recently, cluster systems have been used by many web sites to increase service availability and balancing workload among multiple servers. There are two types of cluster architecture; centralized cluster and distributed cluster. Although centralized cluster is more effective at load balancing than distributed cluster, it contains two serious weaknesses; bottlenecking and single-point-of-failure. To achieve the strengths of both the centralized and distributed clusters, this paper proposes the use of distributed cluster using multicast technology. With the use of distributed cluster, problems of bottleneck and single-point-of-failure are effectively prevented. To gain the load balancing strength of centralized cluster, multicast technology is employed. Multicast load balancing occurs at layer-2 of the protocol stack. Hence, the overhead of request redirecting is significantly reduced. Additionally, TCP-handoff technology for content-based load balancing is applied to enhance system's availability and scalability.
Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation for Electronic Materials (1996)

Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is an emerging technology promising high dose-rate implantation and large-area processing compatibility. Innovations of this technique include: area-independent implantation time, concomitant deposition and implantation, and simple machine design and maintenance. This review summarizes the current understanding of PIII plasma dynamics, dosimetry, and electronic materials applications such as plasma doping for ultra-shallow junctions and high aspect ratio Si trenches, and subsurface synthesis of silicon-on-insulator materials.
Recently identified factors predisposing children to infectious diseases (2008)

Progress in this area continues to be rapid. Clinicians now have the knowledge and techniques to explain why many children develop infectious diseases.
Adaptive Fractional Frequency Reuse (AFFR) scheme for multi-cell IEEE 802.16e systems (2009)

In this paper we present a new adaptive fractional frequency reuse scheme (AFFR) for multi-cell OFDMA based IEEE 802.16e network. The adaptive fractional frequency reuse (AFFR) scheme is managed by the access service network gateway (ASN-GW) which coordinate a set of BSs (one cluster). To make better usage of radio resources; we assume that the cell area is virtually divided into two different zones: the fractional frequency reuse (FFR) zone which includes all users who are suffering from high inter-cell interference ICI from neighbouring cells and the full usage (FU) zone where inter-cell interference ICI can be neglected. The base station BS assigns users to each zone dynamically based on their channel state information. ASN-GW decides the set of subcarriers assigned to the FFR zone within each BS. In the FU zone; all subcarriers available in the system can be used. We provide simulation results comparing our AFFR scheme with different schemes. We examine the effect of the choice of the major system design parameters on the performance. The simulation results illustrate the superiority of the proposed scheme for multiple values of system design parameters.
P2-214 Rice intake and type 2 diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study (2011)

Introduction Refined carbohydrates have been suggested to deteriorate glucose metabolism; however, whether persons with elevated intakes of white rice, a major staple food for the Japanese, experience increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes remains unclear. We prospectively investigated the association between white rice intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods Participants were 25 666 men and 33 622 women aged 45–75 years who participated in the second survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study and had no prior history of diabetes. We ascertained food intake by using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire. ORs of self-reported physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes over 5 years were estimated by using logistic regressions. Results A total of 1103 new cases of type 2 diabetes were self-reported. Rice intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in women; the multivariate-adjusted OR for the highest compared with lowest quartiles of rice intake was 1.65 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.57; p for trend =0.005). In men, the association was unclear, although there was a suggestion of a positive association among persons who were not engaged in strenuous physical activity (p for trend = 0.08). Conclusions Elevated intake of white rice is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese women. The finding suggestive of a positive association of rice intake among physically inactive men deserves further investigation.
T-Tubule Remodeling During Transition From Hypertrophy to Heart Failure (2010)

T-tubule remodeling in response to thoracic aortic banding stress begins before echocardiographically detectable LV dysfunction and progresses over the development of overt structural heart disease. LV T-tubule remodeling is closely associated with the severity of cardiac hypertrophy and predicts LV function. Thus, T-tubule remodeling may constitute a key mechanism underlying the transition from compensated hypertrophy to HF.
Nonlinear Equalization of Binary Signals in Gaussian Noise (1971)

A maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) approach is used to derive the optimal equalizer for binary signals transmitted at a constant rate over a dispersive and noisy channel. The optimal equalizer is shown to consist of a matched filter followed by a very complex nonlinear transversal filter. Various approximations are made to simplify the transversal filter. Thus the optimal linear equalizer and two suboptimal nonlinear equalizers are obtained. The performance characteristics of these equalizers are compared in terms of eye patterns and error probabilities. These investigations exhibit a clear superiority of the nonlinear equalizers. Up to a certain peak distortion, intersymbol interference can be eliminated by nonlinear equalization With negligible noise enhancement. The error probability then closely approaches the error probability in the case of noninterfering signals.
CMOS adjustable Schmitt triggers (1991)

Three adjustable Schmitt triggers for implementation in CMOS technology are presented: two semi-adjustable circuits using only six transistors and one fully adjustable circuit using a total of eight transistors. The most significant features of all three are the hysteresis adjustment, two operation modes as a comparator or Schmitt trigger, very small chip area, and very low static power consumption. The fully adjustable Schmitt trigger has been realized using a 3- mu m CMOS technology, and experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tamoxifen for hepatocellular carcinoma (2004)

The review is withdrawn as it has not been updated since its last search for trials in 2004.
Compositional safety of event DAS-40278-9 (AAD-1) herbicide-tolerant maize (2010)

Event DAS-40278-9 maize expresses the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-1 enzyme, which was originally identified in the soil bacterium Sphingobium herbicidovorans. This enzyme degrades 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides (e.g., haloxyfop, cyhalofop, quizalofop, etc.); therefore, plants that contain this enzyme are tolerant to these herbicides. We employed the substantial equivalence approach to investigate the compositional safety of event DAS-40278-9 maize. A total of 82 different compositional analyses were conducted to evaluate the equivalence of event DAS-40278-9 and conventional maize. Analyte levels within the transgenic entries were either within literature ranges for non-transgenic maize or statistically indistinguishable from the non-transgenic near-isogenic hybrid, thus indicating substantial equivalence between event DAS-40278-9 and its conventional counterpart. These results agree with dozens of published studies for other transgenic events where input traits were found to have a negligible effect on crop composition compared with traditional breeding methods.
Spatial summation properties of directionally selective mechanisms in human vision (1991)

Our goal in this paper was to measure psychophysically the receptive-field size of motion units in human vision. To this aim, length and width spatial summation functions were measured for drifting (8-Hz) sinusoidal gratings of spatial frequencies 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 cycles per degree (c/deg) with two threshold criteria: direction discrimination and simple detection. For each spatial frequency, contrast sensitivity for detection of the direction of drift increased with increasing stimulus size (length or width), at first rapidly (slope greater than or equal to 1.0) and then more gradually (slope 0.29). For most stimuli, the detection and direction-discrimination contrast thresholds were nearly the same. However, for stimuli severely curtailed in width, significantly more contrast was required for direction discrimination than for detection. These results were predicted with a summation model, which incorporated three-dimensional (space-space-time) linear input filters, and probability summation over space and among different filter types. The fit of the model gave an estimate of both the receptive-field length and width of motion-detector units in human vision. At each spatial frequency, the estimates of receptive-field width and length were similar, indicating that the receptive fields of motion-detector units are as long as they are wide at all spatial scales. Receptive-field size varied from approximately 0.12 cycle at 0.1 c/deg to 0.52 cycle at 10.0 c/deg.
An Improved Method for Measuring the CO2/O2 Specificity of Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase (1994)

A simple, but very reproducible, method for measuring the relative specificity of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase for CO2, as opposed to O2, is described. The method uses [1-14C]ribulose bisphosphate as substrate and combines the advantages of supplying both gaseous substrates from the gas phase with HPLC separation of the labelled products. Volumetric or gravimetric accuracy is not required at any stage of the procedure and variations in ionic strength and pH have little effect on the measurements. This leads to excellent reproducibility without the need for normalisation. The average standard deviation was 1.3% of the measured CO2/O2 specificity. Use of very low ribulose bisphosphate concentrations ensures that the gaseous substrates cannot be depleted appreciably during the reaction and enhances the attractiveness of the procedure for measurements with crippled mutant enzymes. The procedure's ability to resolve small differences in relative specificity is demonstrated by its easy detection of the 5% increase in specificity that accompanies substitution of four residues at positions 338-341 of the cyanobacterial large subunit with the analogous higher-plant residues. This resolving power is essential for detecting small differences in the specificities of higher-plant ribulosebisphosphate carboxylases which may be the signature of continuing evolutionary refinement.