gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A short method for on-line handwritten character recognition (2003)

Handwritten characters differ from person to person. Thus, when using traditional methods like neural networks and image processing techniques, extensive training of the system is needed. Because of this, an attempt was made to develop a system that used the methods that humans use to perceive handwritten characters. Thus, a system that recognizes features in handwritten characters using fuzzy logic was developed. The reasons for the selection of fuzzy logic were as follows: 1. Fuzzy logic can be used to model human perception; 2. The mathematics that fuzzy logic requires is extremely fundamental. Thus, any algorithm developed using fuzzy logic would require relatively simple and short calculations; and 3. Due to simplicity of fuzzy calculations, they can be implemented on any hardware or software platform without too much concern for computing power. The objectives in the development of this method were: 1. The development of a short and efficient algorithm that tries as much as possible to model human perception. and 2. The development of an algorithm that can be implemented on any hardware or software platform through low computational power requirements.
The <i>yvyD</i> Gene of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Is under Dual Control of ς <sup>B</sup> and ς <sup>H</sup> (1998)

During a search by computer-aided inspection of two-dimensional (2D) protein gels for sigmaB-dependent general stress proteins exhibiting atypical induction profiles, a protein initially called Hst23 was identified as a product of the yvyD gene of Bacillus subtilis. In addition to the typical sigmaB-dependent, stress- and starvation-inducible pattern, yvyD is also induced in response to amino acid depletion. By primer extension of RNA isolated from the wild-type strain and appropriate mutants carrying mutations in the sigB and/or spo0H gene, two promoters were mapped upstream of the yvyD gene. The sigmaB-dependent promoter drives expression of yvyD under stress conditions and after glucose starvation, whereas a sigmaH-dependent promoter is responsible for yvyD transcription following amino acid limitation. Analysis of Northern blots revealed that yvyD is transcribed monocistronically and confirmed the conclusions drawn from the primer extension experiments. The analysis of the protein synthesis pattern in amino acid-starved wild-type and relA mutant cells showed that the YvyD protein is not synthesized in the relA mutant background. It was concluded that the stringent response plays a role in the activation of sigmaH. The yvyD gene product is homologous to a protein which might modify the activity of sigma54 in gram-negative bacteria. The expression of a sigmaL-dependent (sigmaL is the equivalent of sigma54 in B. subtilis) levD-lacZ fusion is upregulated twofold in a yvyD mutant. This indicates that the yvyD gene product, being a member of both the sigmaB and sigmaH regulons, might negatively regulate the activity of the sigmaL regulon. We conclude that (i) systematic, computer-aided analysis of 2D protein gels is appropriate for the identification of genes regulated by multiple transcription factors and that (ii) YvyD might form a junction between the sigmaB and sigmaH regulons on one side and the sigmaL regulon on the other.
红狮控制公司推出N—Tron NT24k网管型千兆以太网交换机系列 (2013)

美国红狮控制公司近期推出模块化N-Tron NT24k网管型全千兆工业以太网交换机系列。凭借多达24个千兆以太网端口和可以实现不同配置选择的灵活模块化构成,N-Tron NT24k交换机有能力对抗最严峻的工业环境，为用户提供高度可靠性和迅捷的线速性能。
Control by pH of urea synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes (1988)

Control by pH of urea synthesis has been studied in isolated rat hepatocytes incubated with a physiological mixture of amino acids. Inhibition of urea synthesis by decreasing the pH of the medium was caused by diminished production of ammonia and not, as suggested in the literature, by inhibition of entry of ammonia into the ornithine cycle. The decrease by low pH of the rate of degradation of the added amino acids, that of alanine being quantitatively the most important, was accompanied by a decrease in their intracellular concentration. It is concluded that inhibited transport of amino acids across the plasma membrane of the hepatocyte is responsible, at least in part, for the fall in urea synthesis with decreasing pH. It is proposed that inhibition by low pH of other steps in the ureogenic pathway, distal to the production of ammonia, does not affect flux through the ornithine cycle per se, but rather contributes to the buffering of the intrahepatic concentration of ammonia.
Prediction, Design, and Performance in Geotechnical Engineering (1988)

Improved abilities to analyze geotechnical engineering problems have evolved through advances in engineering geology, laboratory and in situ testing, use of computers, field instrumentation, the observational method, and a considerable body of experience. In spite of improved abilities to predict performance, in some cases geologic conditions are so complex that accurate predications of performance are impossible. Even in such circumstances good engineering is possible if the engineer can anticipate the worst eventuality, and design against it. Geotechnical engineering relies heavily on experience to determine what problems may develop under various geologic conditions, and to anticipate problems that can result in wrong predictions. Several cases involving problems with prediction are reviewed, with a view to determining what can be done to avoid similar problems.
Learning from LTP: a comment on recent attempts to identify cellular and molecular mechanisms of memory. (1996)

In recent years disappointing evidence has emerged regarding all main lines of evidence supporting connections between long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory. The history of this research, including studies focusing on synaptic alterations following learning experience, on saturation of LTP, and on pharmacological and genetic manipulations of LTP, are discussed briefly and interpreted in light of their observed and inherent limitations. Other approaches, aimed at showing a continuity of plasticity from molecular to synaptic to circuit and systems levels of analysis, are highlighted as potentially more compelling future directions for this research.
Ethylene propylene diene terpolymers produced with a homogeneous and highly active zirconium catalyst (1985)

Abstract EPDM terpolymers with ethylidene norbornene as diene monomer could be prepared by means of a soluble Ziegler catalyst formed from biscyclopentadienyl zirconium dimethyl and methylaluminoxane. The overall activities lie between 100 and 1000 kg EPDM/(molZr h bar), obtainable at zirconium concentrations as low as 5 × 10 −7 mol/L. After an induction period (0.5–5 h) the polymerization rates increased and then leveled to a value which was constant for several days. From copolymerization kinetics reactivity ratios r 12 = 31.5, r 21 = 5 × 10 −3 , and r 13 = 3.1 could be derived, and by 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy r 12 · r 21 = 0.3 was found (1: ethylene, 2: propylene and 3: ethylidene norbornene). The regiospecifity of the catalyst toward propylene leads exclusively to the formation of head‐to‐tail enchainments. The diene polymerizes via vinyl polymerization of the cyclic double bond, and the tendency to branching is low. Molecular weights were estimated between 40,000 and 160,000. The average molecular weight distribution of 1.7 is remarkably narrow. Glass transition temperatures of −60 to −50°C could be observed. The cure behavior and the physical properties of cured samples were also tested.
The County of Nichol (1897)

The County of Nichol Get access F. Adams F. Adams 1106A, Albany Road, Camberwell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-XI, Issue 264, 16 January 1897, Pages 49–50, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-XI.264.49f Published: 16 January 1897
Cognitive Function and Snoring (1993)

The relationship between self-reported snoring, headache and cognitive complaints (memory and concentration problems) was evaluated in an epidemiologic survey including 3,323 males, with a mean age of 63 (53-75) years. Fourteen potential confounders were examined. A strong association between snoring and headache was found, persisting after correction for potential confounders. An association was found between snoring and cognitive complaints only in those who reported good sleep quality without insomnia.
Golden Age of Insecticide Research: Past, Present, or Future? (1998)

▪ Abstract Insecticide research led to the first “complete” victories in combatting pests almost 50 years ago with the chlorinated hydrocarbons followed quickly by the organophosphates, methylcarbamates, and pyrethroids—all neuroactive chemicals. This Golden Age of Discovery was the source of most of our current insecticides. The challenge then became health and the environment, a Golden Age met with selective and degradable compounds. Next the focus shifted to resistance, novel biochemical targets, and new chemical approaches for pest control. The current Golden Age of Genetic Engineering has curtailed, but is unlikely to eliminate, chemical use on major crops. Insecticide research, having passed through several Golden Ages, is now in a renaissance of integrating chemicals and biologicals for sustainable pest control with human safety.
The effect of <scp>l</scp>-glutamic acid and other amino-acids in hypoglycaemia (1949)

Research Article| January 01 1949 The effect of l-glutamic acid and other amino-acids in hypoglycaemia W. Mayer-Gross; W. Mayer-Gross 1Department of Clinical Research, Crichton Royal, Dumfries Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. W. Walker J. W. Walker 1Department of Clinical Research, Crichton Royal, Dumfries Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1949) 44 (1): 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0440092 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation W. Mayer-Gross, J. W. Walker; The effect of l-glutamic acid and other amino-acids in hypoglycaemia. Biochem J 1 January 1949; 44 (1): 92–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0440092 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1949 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1949 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Ageusia following cobra envenomation:Myth and fact on venom sucking (2011)

Snakebite is prevalent in rural areas of Asia. Although the myth of direct sucking of snake venom may be life-threatening, it is commonly practiced in such areas. Two cases of cobra venom exposure to oral cavity with development of ageusia following sucking of tissue materials from the bitten site are discussed. Taste sensations were recovered in both cases in the order of sweet, salty, sour and bitter on day four, day five, day seven and day nine respectively following exposure. Both patients received antivenom due to their systemic manifestation. Exposure of the venom in the oral cavity might have disrupted the taste transduction pathways and signaling mechanisms thus resulting in ageusia as no macroscopic changes were noticed in the oral cavity, epiglottis or oropharynx. The taste sensation recovery in sweet, salty, sour and bitter order without zinc supplementation suggested that the ageusia might be due to dysfunction of sensory nerve endings and/or disruption of receptor cell activities rather than damage to taste buds, which takes more time to recover. Moreover, phased recovery of different types of taste indicates that ageusia is likely attributable to peripheral mechanisms rather than a part of systemic manifestation, as these two cases recovered from other neurological manifestations within 24 hours completely. In the absence of any other likely explanation, we consider that ageusia could be due to the effect of venom on taste receptors. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the effect of snake venom on taste perception in snakebite victims.
Pitch control of the space shuttle training aircraft (2001)

A set of shuttle training aircrafts (STAs) are used by NASA to train astronaut pilots to land the space shuttle after returning from orbit. The STA simulates the dynamics of the much larger and heavier space shuttle with the help of some hardware and software modifications. We present a STA controller that tracks the shuttle pitch trajectory. Our control system includes a feedforward controller based on zero phase error tracking control and a fuzzy proportional derivative (PD) feedback controller. Test results on a ground hardware simulator used at the Ellington Field of NASA Johnson Space Center show that the new controller significantly reduces pitch following errors between the shuttle and the STA, when compared to the existing controller.
Delineation of the epitope recognized by an antibody specific for N-glycolylneuraminic acid--containing gangliosides (1998)

P3 is a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to several NeuGc-containing gangliosides. It also reacts with antigens expressed in human breast tumors (Vázquez et al. (1995) Hybridoma , 14, 551-556). In this work, the binding specificity of P3 has been characterized in more detail using a panel of glycolipids that included several disialylated gangliosides and several chemical derivatives of NeuGc-GM3. The carboxyl group and the nitrogen function of sialic acid were found to play important roles in the antibody binding, whereas the glycerol tail appears to be nonrelevant. Molecular modeling was used to analyze the binding data, including the finding that P3 selectively recognizes the internal NeuGc in GD3. For this purpose, conformational studies of GD3 were performed using molecular dynamics. It was concluded that sialic acid binds the P3 antibody through its upper face (the one on which the carboxyl group is exposed) and the C4-C5 side of the sugar ring, whereas none or very little contact between the galactose residue and the protein is evident. Conformational analysis of GD3 revealed that, despite the large flexibility of the NeuGcalpha8NeuGc linkage, the P3 binding epitope on the external sialic acid is not well exposed for any of the possible conformations this linkage can adopt, whereas the internal sialic acid presents the epitope in a proper way for several of these conformations. As a final result, a coherent picture of the epitope that fits the wide binding data was obtained.
Development of Mouse Embryos in Vitro: Preimplantation to the Limb Bud Stage (1982)

Mouse embryos were grown successfully in vitro from the blastocyst stage to the limb bud stage. Mouse blastocysts grown in vitro for 10 days showed blood circulation in the yilk sac, forelimb buds, and the primordia of liver, pancreas, and lungs. These characteristics are indicative of a developmental stage equivalent to one-half of the total gestation period in utero. Improvements in culture conditions from days 7 to 9 have made it feasible to culture mouse blastocysts beyond the early somite stage.
Interactive contour detection in tomographic data (2002)

Describes a tool for interactive contour detection, in which the drawn contour is attracted to the contours in the image instantaneously. This is done using a model based contour detection algorithm based on dynamic programming. Other tools especially suitable for tomographic data are described. This semi-automatic approach improves the speed, precision, and objectivity of the contour extraction process. The resulting contours are connected by triangular faces, forming a 3D surface that can be processed further, or visualised using a visualisation program like AVS. The contour detection tool has been used successfully for extracting bone and muscle contours in MRI images of the human shoulder, as well as bone contours in CT images.
Sphingosine and <scp>FTY720</scp> are potent inhibitors of the transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (<scp>TRPM7</scp>) channels (2012)

This is the first study demonstrating that SPH and FTY720 are potent inhibitors of TRPM7. Our results not only provide a new modulation mechanism of TRPM7, but also suggest that TRPM7 may serve as a direct target of SPH and FTY720, thereby mediating S1P-independent physiological/pathological functions of SPH and FTY720.
The Single-Probe: A Miniaturized Multifunctional Device for Single Cell Mass Spectrometry Analysis (2014)

We have developed a new mass spectrometry (MS) technology, the Single-probe MS, capable of real-time, in situ metabolomic analysis of individual living cells. The Single-probe is a miniaturized multifunctional sampling and ionization device that is directly coupled to the mass spectrometer. With a sampling tip smaller than individual eukaryotic cells (<10 μm), the Single-probe can be inserted into single cells to sample the intracellular compounds for real-time MS analysis. We have used the Single-probe to detect several cellular metabolites and the anticancer small molecules paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and OSW-1 in individual cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Single cell mass spectrometry (SCMS) is an emerging scientific technology that could reshape the analytical science of many research disciplines, and the Single-probe MS technology is a novel method for SCMS that, through its accessible fabrication protocols, can be broadly applied to different research areas.
Chromosome 3p alterations in pancreatic endocrine neoplasia (2010)

Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PET) are rare neoplasms classified as functioning (F-PET) or non-functioning (NF-PET) according to the presence of a clinical syndrome due to hormonal hypersecretion. PETs show variable degrees of clinical aggressiveness and loss of chromosome 3p has been suggested to be associated with an advanced stage of disease. We assessed chromosome 3p copy number in 113 primary PETs and 32 metastases by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using tissue microarrays. The series included 56 well-differentiated endocrine tumors (WDET), 62 well-differentiated endocrine carcinomas (WDEC), and 6 poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas (PDEC). Chromosome 3p alterations were found in 23/113 (20%) primary tumors, with losses being predominant over gains (14% vs. 6%). Loss of 3p was found in 5/55 (9%) WDET, 11/52 (21%) WDEC, and never in PDEC. Gains of 3p were detected in 4/55 (7%) WDET, no WDEC, but notably in 3/6 (50%) PDEC (OR 23.6; P = 0.003). Metastases were more frequently monosomic for 3p compared to primary tumors (OR 3.6; P = 0.005). Monosomy was significantly associated with larger tumor size, more advanced tumor stage, and metastasis. No association was found with survival. Chromosome 3p copy number alterations are frequent events in advanced stage PET, with gains prevailing in PDEC while losses are more frequent in WDEC, supporting the view that a specific pattern of alterations are involved in these diverse disease subtypes.
Arabinoxylan Biosynthesis in Wheat. Characterization of Arabinosyltransferase Activity in Golgi Membranes (2002)

Arabinoxylan arabinosyltransferase (AX-AraT) activity was investigated using microsomes and Golgi vesicles isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. Incubation of microsomes with UDP-[(14)C]-beta-L-arabinopyranose resulted in incorporation of radioactivity into two different products, although most of the radioactivity was present in xylose (Xyl), indicating a high degree of UDP-arabinose (Ara) epimerization. In isolated Golgi vesicles, the epimerization was negligible, and incubation with UDP-[(14)C]Ara resulted in formation of a product that could be solubilized with proteinase K. In contrast, when Golgi vesicles were incubated with UDP-[(14)C]Ara in the presence of unlabeled UDP-Xyl, the product obtained could be solubilized with xylanase, whereas proteinase K had no effect. Thus, the AX-AraT is dependent on the synthesis of unsubstituted xylan acting as acceptor. Further analysis of the radiolabeled product formed in the presence of unlabeled UDP-Xyl revealed that it had an apparent molecular mass of approximately 500 kD. Furthermore, the total incorporation of [(14)C]Ara was dependent on the time of incubation and the amount of Golgi protein used. AX-AraT activity had a pH optimum at 6, and required the presence of divalent cations, Mn(2+) being the most efficient. In the absence of UDP-Xyl, a single arabinosylated protein with an apparent molecular mass of 40 kD was radiolabeled. The [(14)C]Ara labeling became reversible by adding unlabeled UDP-Xyl to the reaction medium. The possible role of this protein in arabinoxylan biosynthesis is discussed.
A security analysis of Pretty Good Privacy (2001)

this paper. It contains many of the sources that were used to make this text, the PGP program, and some otherwise useful programs. Figure 1: Bruce Schneier&apos;s book One of the highlights is the complete text of the Handbook of applied cryptography [13]. This book is a complete introduction to cryptography, and much of what is mentioned in this text can be found there, even if the handbook is not cited. If you want to buy a book, I recommend Applied Cryptography[18], which is not as good as the handbook but cheaper and nice to read. Those who live in the neighborhood can borrow it from me
Hydrogen Sulfide. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. The Heat of Vaporization. A Comparison of Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Values of the Entropy (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen Sulfide. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. The Heat of Vaporization. A Comparison of Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Values of the EntropyW. F. Giauque and R. W. BlueCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 5, 831–837Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01296a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01296a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Born too late (1973)

Dr Paulus' article, 'Come Together', in the February issue of Physics Bulletin reported some developing interest in re-examining the idea of a 'science centre' in central London, to serve as a home and meeting place for some of the many learned and professional bodies in the United Kingdom. As he pointed out, the idea is not a new one in this country; there have been several attempts to establish such a centre in London, with headquarters for various national scientific bodies but they have all fallen through and usually for lack of government support in an unfavourable economic situation.