gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T Cell Receptor αβ Diversity Inversely Correlates with Pathogen-Specific Antibody Levels in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection (2012)

A diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire capable of recognizing a broad range of antigenic peptides is thought to be central to effective pathogen-specific immunity by counteracting escape mutations, selecting high-avidity T cells, and providing T cell specificities with comprehensive functional characteristics. However, evidence that TCR diversity is important for the successful control of human infections is limited. A single-cell strategy for the clonotypic analysis of human CD8⁺ TCRαβ repertoires was used to probe the diversity and magnitude of individual human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD8⁺ T cells recovered directly ex vivo. We found that CD8⁺ TCRαβ repertoire diversity, but not the size of the CD8⁺ T cell response, was inversely related to circulating CMV-specific antibody levels, a measure that has been correlated epidemiologically with differential mortality risks and found here to be higher in persons with detectable (versus undetectable) CMV viral loads. Overall, our findings indicate that CD8⁺ T cell diversity may be more important than T cell abundance in limiting the negative consequences of CMV persistence, demonstrate high prevalence of both TCRα and TCRβ public motif usage, and suggest that a highly diverse TCRαβ repertoire may be an important benchmark and target in the success of immunotherapeutic strategies.
On the Anodic Oxidation of Molybdenum (1975)

The anodic oxidation of molybdenum in an acetic acid solution has been studied with regard to the nature of the formed film and the kinetics of film growth. Faradaic methods, ATR spectroscopy, and "open‐current" transient methods were utilized. A comparison was made between the anodic oxide film formed on molybdenum and vanadium. The anodic film on molybdenum was found to contain molybdenum in an oxidation state less than +6.
<i>Escherichia coli</i> cyclopropane fatty acid synthase (2004)

Escherichia coli fatty acid cyclopropane synthase (CFAS) was overproduced and purified as a His6-tagged protein. This recombinant enzyme is as active as the native enzyme with a Km of 90 microm for S-AdoMet and a specific activity of 5 x 10(-2) micromol.min(-1).mg(-1). The enzyme is devoid of organic or metal cofactors and is unable to catalyze the wash-out of the methyl protons of S-AdoMet to the solvent, data that do not support the ylide mechanism. Inactivation of the enzyme by 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), a pseudo first-order process with a rate constant of 1.2 m(-1).s(-1), is not protected by substrates. Graphical analysis of the inactivation by DTNB revealed that only one cysteine is responsible for the inactivation of the enzyme. The three strictly conserved Cys residues among cyclopropane synthases, C139, C176 and C354 of the E. coli enzyme, were mutated to serine. The relative catalytic efficiency of the mutants were 16% for C139S, 150% for C176S and 63% for C354S. The three mutants were inactivated by DTNB at a rate comparable to the rate of inactivation of the His6-tagged wild-type enzyme, indicating that the Cys responsible for the loss of activity is not one of the conserved residues. Therefore, none of the conserved Cys residues is essential for catalysis and cannot be involved in covalent catalysis or general base catalysis. The inactivation is probably the result of steric hindrance, a phenomenon irrelevant to catalysis. It is very likely that E. coli CFAS operates via a carbocation mechanism, but the base and nucleophile remain to be identified.
Oestrogen and benign prostatic hyperplasia: effects on stromal cell proliferation and local formation from androgen (2008)

Oestrogens have been implicated as a cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Previous animal studies led to the hypothesis that oestrogens can stimulate prostate growth, resulting in hyperplasia of the gland. In humans, the precise role of oestrogens in BPH pathogenesis is currently unclear. We investigated the direct effects of oestradiol on the proliferation of BPH-derived prostate cells in culture. Oestradiol (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) moderately increased the proliferation of stromal cells in culture; this stimulation was antagonised by anti-oestrogen ICI 182 780, indicating an oestrogen receptor (ER)-mediated mechanism. By contrast, oestradiol had no effects on the proliferation of epithelial cells in culture. Parameters that can determine the response of stromal cells to oestrogens, including expression of the two ER subtypes and aromatase activity, were investigated. ER beta expression in stromal cells in culture was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis, and was confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR showing higher expression of ER beta than ER alpha mRNA in stromal cells. Aromatase, the enzyme that converts androgen precursors to oestrogens, was also examined. Aromatase mRNA and activity were detected in stromal, but not epithelial cells in culture, suggesting a mechanism whereby oestrogen concentrations can be regulated in the BPH stroma. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that oestrogens play a role in the pathogenesis of BPH, a disease characterised predominantly by stromal overgrowth.
Markov decision model based handoff selection algorithm for heterogeneous wireless networks (2016)

Coexistence of multiple wireless access technologies will be an indicator of next-generation wireless network, and the integration of heterogeneous wireless networks will meet the needs of high-performance services for mobile users. According to unique quality of service (QoS) requirements of different service type users in heterogeneous environment, the Markov decision model based handoff selection algorithm is proposed in this paper. A heterogeneous wireless network architecture based on the software defined network (SDN) is established to realize the transparency control of heterogeneous networks. Network state information of heterogeneous wireless networks is mastered by SDN controller. It is responsible for scheduling network resources dynamically according to the performance characteristics of each network. If the network state information in equal interval is sampled, the next moment state of network is only related to the current network state and action, but it is not related to the historical state. The problem of handoff selection for heterogeneous wireless networks is modeled as a Markov process with discrete time and continuous state. To predict the next moment state of network by Markov process to obtain a reward, when the reward is positive, it represents the income; when it is negative, it represents the cost. An immediate reward function is constructed for real-time service and non real-time service users respectively according to their different state attributes of the network. Considering five state attributes of wireless network as follows:delay, delay jitter, bandwidth, error rate and network load, the immediate reward function is constructed with weighted summation. Due to the difference in attribute weight distribution among different service type users, the attribute weights are determined by the analytic hierarchy process. In the long term, the objective function which consists of immediate reward function sequence is used to measure future long-term rewards. Then expected reward function based on the state action pair is constructed to obtain the handoff strategy of the maximum expected return by the iterative method of successive approximation. The proposed Markov decision model based handoff selection algorithm is used in simulation of the Matlab platform. The simulation results show that the proposed method can select the optimal handoff strategy for different service type users and reduce the blocking rate, thereby improving the QoS of users and resource utilization of wireless networks.
Nucleolar organizer regions in smears of pleural effusion. (1994)

Agyrophil staining was applied to nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) to differentiate cells of adenocarcinoma and histiomesotheliosis in pleural effusion. The smears were either nuclearly unstained, but cytoplasmically counterstained by Papanicolaou method or Papanicolaou-destained before agyrophil staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR). The purposes of this study were to assess the feasibility and usefulness of AgNOR staining in diagnostic cytology and to try to set up a procedure that could be used on prestained smears for retrospective study. All smears showed good background and cellular outline. The distribution of NOR was either intranuclearly or in the nucleoplasm diffusely. In previously nuclearly unstained smears, NOR showed granular to powder-like appearance. The mean number of NOR in adenocarcinoma (38.4 +/- 12.5) was significantly higher than that in histiomesotheliosis (15.6 +/- 2.9). In Papanicolaou-destained smears, the NOR showed confluent dots. The mean number of NOR was much lower as compared to that of previously nuclearly unstained smears. Furthermore, the mean number of NOR in adenocarcinoma (3.6 +/- 1.4) showed no significant difference with that of histiomesotheliosis (2.7 +/- 0.8). In conclusion, AgNOR staining is one of the methods to differentiate benign from malignant cells, but not in Papanicolaou-destained smears.
Zur Reaktivität des Methoxybutenons (1980)

Abstract Das (trans)4‐Methoxy‐but‐3‐en‐2‐on besitzt als vinylenhomologer Essigester 4 funktionelle Gruppen: eine C,C‐Doppelbindung, eine Methyl‐, Carbonyl‐ und Methoxygruppe; für deren Reaktivitäten werden Beispiele gebracht. Bei Cyclisierungen reagieren zumeist die Kohlenstoffatome 4 und 2 sowie 4 und 3.
Probabilistic Two-Phase Aircraft Wake-Vortex Model: Further Development and Assessment (2006)

Further developments, applications, and assessments of the probabilistic two-phase aircraft wake-vortex model P2P are described. The wake-vortex model is applied to data of two field measurement campaigns accomplished at Tarbes airport, France. Measurements corroborate unambiguously the two-phase circulation decay anticipated by theory and predicted by P2P. Vortex age and descent speed are adjusted to match effects of axial wind and glide slope angle. Envelopes of vortex trajectories are expanded to consider tilting, stalling and rebounding wake vortices caused by axial- and crosswind shear. For probabilistic model output a choice between arbitrary degrees of probability is established and a stochastic prediction mode is introduced. In a deterministic scoring procedure, model perfomance is compared to the skill of another model. Probabilistic model performance is evaluated by the compilation of probability density distributions which relate wake vortex measurement data to the predicted envelopes.
A measurement method for visualization of static electricity distribution (1989)

Abstract The number of damaging incidents due to electrostatic discharges (ESD) on digital electronic equipment has been increasing with the increased use of integrated semiconductor elements with lower operation power. We proposed the idea that by visualizing the static electricity which caused ESD for realtime recognition and tracking, preventive measures could be applied before ESD occur. This paper proposes a measuring principle in which the electric potentials induced on an array of small square electrodes placed in parallel in the vicinity of a charged body are proportional to the amount of the charge of the body. A prototype based on this principle was built and attempts were made at visualization and tracking for the static electricity distribution of a charged body. As a result, we confirmed that we could visualize charge distributions of a charged body directly below the electrode array using the electric potential data from a finite number of measuring electrodes. Furthermore, we could observe a two‐dimensional charge distribution of a charged body using an acrylic sheet.
Purification and Properties of Elastolytic Enzyme from <italic>Flavobacterium immotum</italic> (1975)

Elastolytic enzyme was purified and crystallized from culture fluid of Flavobacterium immotum No. 9-35. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was determined by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration to be 13,000. The isoelectric point was between pH 8.3 and 8.9. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 7.2 for elastolytic activity. The purified enzyme showed not only elastolytic activity, but also non-specific proteolytic activity against various other proteins. Milk-clotting activity was also observed. The enzyme did not act on keratin, collagen, or fourteen amino acid esters, including N-benzoyl-L-alanine methyl ester, N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester, and N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester, which were typical substrates of pancreatic elastase [EC 3.4.21.11], trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4], and chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1], respectively. However, the enzyme selectively hydrolyzed elastin when both elastin and albumin were present in the reaction mixture. The enzyme was inhibited by o-phenanthroline and various heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc, and mercury. Various inhibitors, such as diisopropyl phosphofluoridate, tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, trypsin inhibitor, iodoacetamide, etc., had no effect on the elastolytic activity.
Parallel frequency and code acquisition based on Walsh-Hadamard transform in DS-CDMA (2002)

A parallel frequency and pseudo-noise (PN) code searcher for direct-spread (DS)-CDMA is proposed and its performance in multipath Rayleigh fading channels is analyzed. The proposed method uses a two-step acquisition procedure: in the first PN search step, energies in multiple frequency hypotheses are tested in parallel against a threshold. When one or more frequency hypotheses pass the test, the searcher accepts the PN hypothesis and enters the next frequency search step where the searcher looks for the strongest frequency hypothesis. The proposed method uses a pre-calculated correlation matrix to extract frequency information from the Walsh-Hadamard transform of a received signal. One advantage of this method is that it utilizes the fast WHT that is already used in many DS-CDMA receivers for decoding orthogonal channels.
ZnO-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

ZnO was one of the first metal oxides used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). It exhibits a unique combination of potentially interesting properties such as high bulk electron mobility and probably the richest variety of nanostructures based on a very wide range of synthesis routes. However, in spite of the huge amount of literature produced in the past few years, the reported efficiencies of ZnO-based solar cells are still far from their TiO2 counterparts. The origin of this striking difference in performance is analyzed and discussed with the perspective of future applications of ZnO in dye-sensitized solar cells and related devices. In this regard, a change of focus of the current research on ZnO-based DSCs (from morphology to surface control) is suggested.
A laser-plasma–produced soft X-ray laser at 89 eV generates DNA double-strand breaks in human cancer cells (2015)

While it has been expected that X-ray laser will be widely applied to biomedical studies, this has not been achieved to date and its biological effects such as DNA damage have not been evaluated. As a first step for its biological application, we developed a culture cell irradiation system, particularly designed for a plasma-driven soft X-ray laser pulse, to investigate whether the soft X-ray laser is able to induce DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in living cells or not. The human adenocarcimona cell line A549 was irradiated with the soft X-ray laser at a photon energy of 89 eV and the repair focus formation of the DSBs was assessed by immunofluorescence staining with antiphosphorylated DNA-PKcs (p-DNA-PKcs), ATM (p-ATM) and γ-H2AX antibody. The p-DNA-PKcs, ATM, and γ-H2AX foci were clearly identified after soft X-ray laser irradiation. Furthermore, the increase in the X-ray laser shot number, even from a single shot, results in the increase in p-DNA-PKcs foci. These results are the first evidence that the 89 eV soft X-ray laser is able to induce DSB in living cells. Our study demonstrated that this irradiation system is a useful tool for investigating the radiobiological effect of soft X-ray laser.
Formate formation during Co2(CO)8/PR3-catalyzed hydroformylation (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormate formation during Co2(CO)8/PR3-catalyzed hydroformylationClayton D. Wood and Philip E. GarrouCite this: Organometallics 1984, 3, 1, 170–174Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00079a030https://doi.org/10.1021/om00079a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dietary Plant Stanol Esters Reduce VLDL Cholesterol Secretion and Bile Saturation in Apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden Transgenic Mice (2001)

Dietary plant stanols lower serum cholesterol levels in humans and in hyperlipidemic rodents, mainly by inhibition of the intestinal cholesterol absorption. We used female apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden transgenic mice to investigate the consequences of this effect on serum lipid levels and hepatic lipid metabolism. Five groups of 6 or 7 mice received for 9 weeks a diet containing 0.25% cholesterol and 0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, or 1.0% (wt/wt) plant stanols (sitostanol 88% [wt/wt], campestanol 10% [wt/wt]) esterified to fatty acids. Compared with the control diet, plant stanol ester treatment dose-dependently reduced serum cholesterol levels by 10% to 33% (P<0.05), mainly in very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs), intermediate density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins. Furthermore, 1.0% of the dietary plant stanols significantly decreased the liver contents of cholesteryl esters (-62%), free cholesterol (-31%), and triglycerides (-38%) but did not change the hepatic VLDL-triglyceride and VLDL-apolipoprotein B production rates. However, plant stanol ester feeding significantly decreased the amounts of cholesteryl esters and free cholesterol incorporated in nascent VLDLs by 72% and 30%, respectively, resulting in a net 2-fold decreased VLDL cholesterol output. Liver mRNA levels of low density lipoprotein receptors, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, and sterol 27-hydroxylase were not changed by plant stanol ester feeding. Nevertheless, the serum lathosterol-to-cholesterol ratio was significantly increased by 23%, indicating that dietary plant stanol esters increased whole-body cholesterol synthesis. Plant stanol esters also significantly decreased the cholesterol saturation index in bile by 55%. In conclusion, in apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden transgenic mice, plant stanol ester feeding dose-dependently lowered serum cholesterol levels as a result of a reduced secretion of VLDL cholesterol. This was caused by a decreased hepatic cholesterol content that also resulted in a lowered biliary cholesterol output, indicative of a reduced lithogenicity of bile in these mice.
Compressed Synthetic Aperture Radar (2010)

In this paper, we introduce a new synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging modality which can provide a high-resolution map of the spatial distribution of targets and terrain using a significantly reduced number of needed transmitted and/or received electromagnetic waveforms. This new imaging scheme, requires no new hardware components and allows the aperture to be compressed. It also presents many new applications and advantages which include strong resistance to countermesasures and interception, imaging much wider swaths and reduced on-board storage requirements.
Writing Characteristics of Suicidal People on the Internet: A Psychological Investigation of Emerging Social Environments (2005)

Three studies were carried out to investigate the writings of suicidal people on the Internet, hypothesizing consistent findings to equivalent research of offline writing. In Study 1, suicidal persons' (n = 34) attributions as the cause of their condition, as expressed in their free online writing, were compared to those of emotionally distressed, nonsuicidal (n = 16) and to nondistressed (n = 15) individuals. Results showed that suicidal persons have significantly more stable and global attributions than do the other groups. In Study 2, expressions of self-focus in online written messages were compared among suicidal, two levels of nonsuicidal but distressed, and nondistressed individuals (200 messages in each group). With the use of various expressions of self-focus, findings showed that suicidal people were distinctively self-focused in their writing, unlike their counterparts. In Study 3, psychologically relevant themes in the online writing of suicidal (n = 39) and highly distressed, nonsuicidal persons (n = 24) were compared. Results revealed that the former expressed significantly more unbearable psychological pain and cognitive constriction than did the latter. The findings of the three studies are consistent with those found in examinations of offline writing. The research has important implications for the use of online environments for psychological research and means for assessment, as well as for understanding suicidality.
Benchmarking study of EUV resists for NXE:3300B (2016)

EUV lithographers have continued to reduce the barriers to high Volume Manufacturing (HVM) introduction. Tool, mask and photoresist manufacturers have made excellent progress on several fronts, including resolution of many EUV source related issues, resists for early imaging characterization, and defect inspection tooling. In this discussion, we will focus on photoresist development. For many years, the team at SUNY Polytechnic Institute (SUNY Poly) has provided results from a neutral photoresist benchmarking study, which has been quite useful in establishing the limits of currently available photoresist systems [1-5]. New photoresist systems are being developed with improving resolution, but they also have lower coated thicknesses. In an effort to continue to point out potential lithographic problem areas, SUNY Poly has been evaluating the ‘etch compatibility’ of the best performing photoresists available in order to determine if the decreasing aspect ratios would prove a detriment to etch performance. In this paper, we will show data from our most recent benchmark study. We will also include smoothing process results, as well as some post-etch results obtained using the NXE:3300B resident on the SUNY Poly campus.