gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modellierung und experimentelle Untersuchung der thermischen Abluftentfeuchtung multifunktionaler Brennstoffzellensysteme (2015)

The aim of the research is the development of an integral methodology to analyse dehumidification processes of moist air due to cooling as well as the validation. The model-based development of a multifunctional fuel cell system for a passenger aircraft, based on physical modelling, requires such a methodology. The dehumidification of the fuel cell exhaust air is of particular interest for two reasons. The first being the oxygen depleted air should hold a low water content to be used for the purpose of inerting the fuel tank and the second being the liquid water is required to supply the onboard water system. Heat exchangers with cross-counterflow flow regimes of moist air with up to four passes of the coolant could be analysed with a cell model. This model takes into account the variation of the apparent specific heat capacity of moist air due to condensation of the gaseous water. Correlations have been developed to determine a correction factor for the logarithmic mean temperature difference under dehumidifying conditions. Furthermore an experimental apparatus was commissioned for conditioning the water ratio, the temperature and the pressure of ambient air respectively to the exhaust air of a fuel cell. This moist air was fed to a plain fin-and-tube heat exchanger. Partial condensation of the gaseous water occurs due to cooling. The liquid water was separated and collected. The experimental data and further published data have been used for model validation using different correlations and parameter settings. The usage of published data for heat transfer under dehumidifying conditions and a correlation which is based on this specific data results to very little mean deviations of 5% as expected. The application of a correlation for dry surfaces leads to a deviation of 17%. It can be reduced to 10% if condensate film effects are taken into account. Comparisons to experimental data with comparatively high water ratios result to a mean deviation of 10% if a heat transfer correlation for wet surface is applied and condensate film effects are taken into account. Moreover an automated design method has been developed for plain fin-and-tube heat exchangers. It has been implemented into the modelling process. Thus an automated design, evaluation and optimisation for a multifunctional fuel cell system becomes a reality.
Mortality cancer risk in parkinsonian patients: A population-based study (1999)

<b><i>Article abstract</i></b> Cancer mortality in a population-based cohort of 10,322 parkinsonian patients (448 deaths observed during 1987 to 1994) was compared with that of the Italian province of Rome using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). The overall cancer mortality risk was lower in this cohort than in the reference population (SMR, 56; 95% CI, 51 to 61). This reduction included most cancer sites as well as both smoking-related (SMR, 51; 95% CI, 42 to 60) and nonsmoking-related cancers (SMR, 58; 95% CI, 52 to 65). The observed reduction in cancer mortality risk in this cohort cannot be explained entirely by the hypothesis that smokers are less likely to develop PD.
Struktur‐Wirkungs‐Beziehungen von aromatisch substituierten Piperidin‐Derivaten, 2. Mitt. Über Ester des 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenyl‐3‐piperidinols (1975)

Abstract Es wurden Ester aliphatischer Carbonsäuren des cis‐ und trans‐1‐Methyl‐4‐phenyl‐3‐piperidinols synthetisiert und am Ileum des Meerschweinchens auf Atropinwirkung und nach der hot‐plate‐Methode auf analgetische Wirkung untersucht.
ENHANCEMENT OF Fe MAGNETIC MOMENTS IN FERROMAGNETIC Fe<sub>16</sub>B<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sub>16</sub>C<sub>2</sub>, AND Fe<sub>16</sub>N<sub>2</sub> (1993)

In order to investigate electronic and magnetic properties of Fe 16 X 2 (X=B, C, N) ferromagnet, we have performed electronic structure calculations employing the total energy self-consistent local density functional linearized muffin tin orbital (LMTO) band method. Large enhancement of the magnetic moment is observed in FeII and FeIII, which are located farther from X than FeI. This suggests that the local environment plays a very important role in determining Fe magnetic moments in these compounds. Orbital contribution to the magnetic moment in Fe atoms of Fe 16 N 2 is minor, total of ~0.6 μ B in the unit cell. We have obtained the average magnetic moments per Fe atom, 2.30, 2.40, and 2.50 μ B , in Fe 16 B 2 , Fe 16 C 2 , and Fe 16 N 2 , respectively.
High-power high-efficiency c.w. Gunn oscillators in X band (1971)

Gunn oscillators on diamond heat sinks have produced up to 780 mW c.w. with 5.1% efficiency at 9.9 GHz. The devices were operated in full-height waveguide cavities. Similar devices on copper have produced up to 700 mW with 4.1% efficiency and typical powers of 600 mW with efficiencies of 3.9%. The effect of varying the 2nd-harmonic loading on devices mounted in fully-reduced-height waveguide has also been investigated, but no enhancement in output power at the fundamental frequency was observed.
Studies on Complexes. X. : Effect of Complex Formation on Drug Absorption from Alimentary Tract. (1) (1968)

Effect of complex formation on the absorption of drugs was examined by perfusion with rat small intestine. Following combinations were used as the model drugs : Pyrazolone derivatives (sulpyrin, antipyrine, 4-aminoantipyrine, 4-methylaminoantipyrine, and aminopyrine)-salicylic acid, pyrazolone derivatives-benzoic acid, pyrazolone derivatives-riboflavin phosphate, and salicylamide-nicotinamide derivatives (nicotinamide and NN'-dimethyl-3, 5-pyridinedicarboxamide). It was found that (a) salicylic and benzoic acid accelerated the rate of absorption of 4-methylaminoantipyrine and reduced that of antipyrine and 4-aminoantipyrine, (b) sulpyrin reduced the absorption of saliclyic acid, (c) riboflavin phosphate reduced the absorption of sulpyrin and 4-aminoantipyrine, and (d) nicotinamide reduced the absorption of salicylamide. These facts were explained by the correlation with orgnaic solvent/isotonic buffer solution partition coefficients.
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics (1988)

IT has been said that curing all cancers would add 2 years to the life expectancy of Americans but that the introduction of antibiotics added 10 years.1 The agent most responsible for this remarkable effect is penicillin, the prototypic beta-lactam antibiotic. The beta-lactam antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems. All have a beta-lactam ring, which is essential for antibacterial activity. In general, these agents have very favorable ratios of therapeutic to toxic effects, and the newer agents have enhanced antibacterial spectrums or favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics.Mechanism of ActionBeta-lactam antibiotics are bactericidal because they inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis. Their . . .
Surface structural-chemical characterization of a single-site d <sup>0</sup> heterogeneous arene hydrogenation catalyst having 100% active sites (2012)

Structural characterization of the catalytically significant sites on solid catalyst surfaces is frequently tenuous because their fraction, among all sites, typically is quite low. Here we report the combined application of solid-state (13)C-cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C-CPMAS-NMR) spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT), and Zr X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to characterize the adsorption products and surface chemistry of the precatalysts (η(5)-C(5)H(5))(2)ZrR(2) (R = H, CH(3)) and [η(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5)]Zr(CH(3))(3) adsorbed on Brønsted superacidic sulfated alumina (AlS). The latter complex is exceptionally active for benzene hydrogenation, with ~100% of the Zr sites catalytically significant as determined by kinetic poisoning experiments. The (13)C-CPMAS-NMR, DFT, and XAS data indicate formation of organozirconium cations having a largely electrostatic [η(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5)]Zr(CH(3))(2)(+)· · · AlS(-) interaction with greatly elongated Zr · · · O(AlS) distances of ~2.35(2) Å. The catalytic benzene hydrogenation cycle is stepwise understandable by DFT, and proceeds via turnover-limiting H(2) delivery to surface [η(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5)]ZrH(2)(benzene)(+)· · · AlS(-) species, observable by solid-state NMR and XAS.
Beyond gigabit-per-second transmission rates (1987)

The past ten years have seen a factor-of-20 growth in the maximum bit rate attainable in laboratory transmission experiments. Even at the present rate of 8 Gb/s we make use of less than one-tenth of 1 % of the low-loss single-mode fiber window between 1.4 and 1.6 µm. How will this bandwidth be exploited? The fundamental limits to this bit-rate advance are discussed along with the status of current high-speed lightwave technology.
Context-based people search in labeled social networks (2011)

In online social networking services, there are a range of scenarios in which users want to search a particular person given the targeted person one's name. The challenge of such people search is namesake, which means that there are many people possess the same names in the social network. In this paper, we propose to leverage the query contexts to tackle such problems. For example, given the information of one's graduation year and city, the last names of some individuals, one may wish to find classmates from his/her high school. We formulate such problem as the context-based people search. Given a social network in which each node is associated with a set of labels and given a query set of labels consisting of a targeted name label and other context labels, our goal is to return a ranking list of persons who possess the targeted name label and connects to other context labels with minimum communication costs through an effective subgraph in the social network. We consider the interactions among query labels to propose a grouping-based method to solve the context-based people search. Our method consists of three major parts. First, we model those nodes with query labels into a group graph which is able to reduce the search space to enhance the time efficiency. Second, we identify three different kinds of connectors which connecting different groups, and exploit connectors to find the corresponding detailed graph topology from the group graph. Third, we propose a Connector-Steiner Tree algorithm to retrieve a resulting ranked list of individuals who possess the targeted label. Experimental results on the DBLP bibliography data show that our grouping-based method can reach the good quality of returned persons as a greedy search algorithm at a considerable outperformance on the time efficiency.
Switchable broadband light reflection in polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (2001)

Due to the existence of a macroscopic helical structure, oriented cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) can selectively reflect light. The wavelength bandwidth for these Bragg reflections is limited: typically a few tens of nanometers due to limited birefringence values available in organic mesomorphic compounds. Here, we show that larger bandwidths may be reached by associating two layers of polymer-stabilized CLCs (PSCLCs). In the case of near-IR spectrum, it is shown that the optical properties of the bilayer system are not the sum of the individual properties. Time stability is investigated because the very existence of an interdiffusion between soft matter layers. Optical characteristics of the PSCLC can be tuned by an electric field and transitions between broadband reflecting, scattering, and transparent states are possible. For applications, switchable broadband reflections in liquid concentration media are relevant for white-or-black polarizer-free flat displays and “smart” windows in buildings.
Structure of the <i>E. coli</i> bifunctional GlmU acetyltransferase active site with substrates and products (2007)

The biosynthesis of UDP-GlcNAc in bacteria is carried out by GlmU, an essential bifunctional uridyltransferase that catalyzes the CoA-dependent acetylation of GlcN-1-PO(4) to form GlcNAc-1-PO(4) and its subsequent condensation with UTP to form pyrophosphate and UDP-GlcNAc. As a metabolite, UDP-GlcNAc is situated at a branch point leading to the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. Consequently, GlmU is regarded as an important target for potential antibacterial agents. The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli GlmU acetyltransferase active site has been determined in complexes with acetyl-CoA, CoA/GlcN-1-PO(4), and desulpho-CoA/GlcNAc-1-PO(4). These structures reveal the enzyme groups responsible for binding the substrates. A superposition of these complex structures suggests that the 2-amino group of GlcN-1-PO(4) is positioned in proximity to the acetyl-CoA to facilitate direct attack on its thioester by a ternary complex mechanism.
PDEL—a language for partial differential equations (1970)

Conventional computer methods available to solve continuous system problems characterized by partial differential equations are very time-consuming and cumbersome. A convenient, easy to learn and to use, high level problem oriented language to solve and study partial differential equation problems has been designed; a practical translator for the language has also been designed, and a working version of it has been constructed for a significant portion of the language. This P artial D ifferential E quation L anguage, PDEL, is outlined, and the highlights of the translator are briefly summarized.
Synthesis of 10-Aryl-3, 3-dimethyl-2, 3, 4, 10-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo-[3, 4-c] [1, 5] benzothiazepin-1-one (1984)

3-Arylmethylene-5, 5-dimethyltetramic acids (5a-i) were synthesized from 5, 5-dimethyltetramic acid (3) and aromatic aldehydes by an acid catalyzed aldol condensation. 10-Aryl-3, 3-dimethyl-2, 3, 4, 10-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo [3, 4-c] [1, 5] benzothiazepin-1-ones (9a-g) were prepared by Michael reaction between 2-aminobenzenethiol and 3-arylmethylene-5, 5-dimethyltetramic acids in good yield.
[Quality evaluation on Chinese clinical research literatures about dental caries in 1950-2005]. (2008)

The high quality literature of Chinese clinical research about dental caries in scientific research design is less. The scientific research design should be strength to enhance the total quality of Chinese clinical research about dental caries.
Model-based optical proximity correction including effects of photoresist processes (1997)

In this paper, a new automatic model-based Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) approach is reported. It combines a fast aerial image solver and a physically based empirical resist model. The fast aerial image calculation is achieved by using the algorithm of the coherent decomposition of the partially coherent optical systems. The first order resist model of Brunner is extended to accommodate intensity log- slope variations. The modified model can be calibrated by either experimental data or resist process simulations. In this paper, resist simulations using Depict are selected to fit the model parameters. Defocus effects in OPC are also discussed. A new scheme that combines edge biasing and the addition of sub-resolution features is shown to greatly improve the process latitude.
Deepfake: A Survey on Facial Forgery Technique Using Generative Adversarial Network (2019)

"Deepfake" it is an incipiently emerging face video forgery technique predicated on AI technology which is used for creating the fake video. It takes images and video as source and it coalesces these to make a new video using the generative adversarial network and the output is very convincing. This technique is utilized for generating the unauthentic spurious video and it is capable of making it possible to generate an unauthentic spurious video of authentic people verbally expressing and doing things that they never did by swapping the face of the person in the video. Deepfake can create disputes in countries by influencing their election process by defaming the character of the politician. This technique is now being used for character defamation of celebrities and high-profile politician just by swapping the face with someone else. If it is utilized in unethical ways, this could lead to a serious problem. Someone can use this technique for taking revenge from the person by swapping face in video and then posting it to a social media platform. In this paper, working of Deepfake technique along with how it can swap faces with maximum precision in the video has been presented. Further explained are the different ways through which we can identify if the video is generated by Deepfake and its advantages and drawback have been listed.
Field Emitters Finding Home in Electronics (1998)

TECHNOLOGYTSUKUBA, JAPAN-- A recent meeting here highlighted advances in a technology that has the potential to one day replace the cathode ray tube (CRT) by using an electric field rather than heat to wrest electrons from an emitter material. This technology, called field emission, is now being used with more durable materials that promise slimmer, more energy-efficient, and portable displays for personal computers. Researchers are also applying field-emission technology to microscopes, image sensors, and other devices that have traditionally used electron guns, like those in CRTs, as electron sources.
GeneGenie: optimized oligomer design for directed evolution (2014)

GeneGenie, a new online tool available at http://www.gene-genie.org, is introduced to support the design and self-assembly of synthetic genes and constructs. GeneGenie allows for the design of oligonucleotide cohorts encoding the gene sequence optimized for expression in any suitable host through an intuitive, easy-to-use web interface. The tool ensures consistent oligomer overlapping melting temperatures, minimizes the likelihood of misannealing, optimizes codon usage for expression in a selected host, allows for specification of forward and reverse cloning sequences (for downstream ligation) and also provides support for mutagenesis or directed evolution studies. Directed evolution studies are enabled through the construction of variant libraries via the optional specification of 'variant codons', containing mixtures of bases, at any position. For example, specifying the variant codon TNT (where N is any nucleotide) will generate an equimolar mixture of the codons TAT, TCT, TGT and TTT at that position, encoding a mixture of the amino acids Tyr, Ser, Cys and Phe. This facility is demonstrated through the use of GeneGenie to develop and synthesize a library of enhanced green fluorescent protein variants.
Measurement of the Photonic de Broglie Wavelength of Entangled Photon Pairs Generated by Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion (2002)

Using a basic Mach-Zehnder interferometer, we demonstrate experimentally the measurement of the photonic de Broglie wavelength of entangled photon pairs (biphotons) generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The observed interference manifests the concept of the photonic de Broglie wavelength. We also discuss the phase uncertainty obtained from the experiment.
Life Distribution and Reliability for Linear Bearings in Case of Roller Guide (2007)

A study on life distribution and reliability for a roller guide with cage type is carried out with total number of 90 test samples of two lots (Ns=38 and 52) and fatigue life distribution functions, such as two and three parameters Weibull distribution and log-normal distribution, are used for discussion. The basic dynamic load rating formula standardized by ISO in 2004 is also compared with the life test data in relation to the effect of crownings of carriage raceway end portions. As a result, (1) the best fit for the life test series is obtained by 3-parameter Weibull distribution introduced a minimum life as a third parameter, having Weibull slope m=27/20 and load life exponent p=10/3, followed by the log-normal distribution as second, and 2-parameter Weibull distribution as the third. (2) The 2-parameter Weibull distribution with Weibull slope m=9/8 as used in ISO linear bearing standard dose not fit with the experimental results. (3) The fatigue failures of roller guide is initiated near the crowning start points of carriage raceway both end portions, and almost 70% of test specimen are uneven and inclined contact situations of rollers. (4) The basic dynamic load ratings between theory and life test result fit well each other, and λbm factors are also fallen into suitable value range.
The effect of data center temperature on energy efficiency (2008)

Server's capabilities are increasing at or beyond the rate of performance improvement gains predicted by Moore's Law for the silicon itself. The challenge for the information technology (IT) owner is housing and operating all of this computational power in the data center. With more computational power in each unit volume, the industry is experiencing a significant increase in power density and hence a greater cooling challenge. The ability to now tackle computational tasks that were previously unattainable has driven energy costs to new levels. Methods to reduce the energy used in cooling these machines are being studied throughout the industry. One of the areas being considered is increasing the data center server ambient inlet temperature. ASHRAE [1] suggests a recommended limit of 20 - 25degC for the most advanced Data Centers. There is a belief that operating at the high end of this range or above it will reduce the total power use in the data center by making the cooling system more efficient. A thermodynamic analysis clearly indicates that increasing the temperature of the high temperature heat source, while holding the lower temperature heat sink constant, will give an efficiency gain to the heat removal from the system. Unfortunately the simple model does not capture all of the components of the overall system and may lead to an erroneous conclusion. In fact, increasing the ambient temperature can lead to an increase in power usage of some components and systems in the data center as temperature goes up. The overall room energy use may only go down marginally or may even go up at warmer temperatures. In this paper we examine the complete energy picture from the utility connection to the rejection of heat from the facility to the outdoor environment and look at the impact an increased ambient temperature will have on each component in that chain. This analysis indicates that there is an optimum temperature for data center operation that will depend on each data center's individual characteristics, include IT equipment, cooling system architecture, data center location (e.g. outside ambient conditions), as well as other factors. Additional impacts of an increasing ambient inlet temperature, such as reliability issues and operational complexity are also discussed. It is concluded that simply raising the ambient temperature in the data center may not have the desired effect of energy use reduction.
Recoil-Free Spectroscopy of Neutral Sr Atoms in the Lamb-Dicke Regime (2003)

Recoil-free as well as Doppler-free spectroscopy was demonstrated on the 1S0-3P1 transition of Sr atoms confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice. By investigating the wavelength and polarization dependence of the ac Stark shift acting on the 1S0 and 3P1(m(J)=0) states, we determined the wavelength where the Stark shifts for both states coincide. This Stark-free optical lattice, allowing the purturbation-free spectroscopy of trapped atoms, may keep neutral-atom based optical standards competitive with single-ion standards.