gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collagenase enzymatic fasciotomy for Dupuytren contracture in patients on chronic immunosuppression. (2015)

Collagenase enzymatic fasciotomy is an accepted nonsurgical treatment for disabling hand contractures caused by Dupuytren disease. We conducted a study to investigate use of collagenase in an immunosuppressed population. We retrospectively reviewed data from 2 academic hand surgical practices. Eight patients on chronic immunosuppressive therapies were treated with collagenase for digital contractures between 2010 and 2011. Thirteen collagenase enzymatic fasciotomies were performed in these 8 patients. Mean preinjection contracture was 53.0°. At mean follow-up of 6.7 months, mean magnitude of contracture improved to 12.9°. Mean metacarpophalangeal joint contracture improved from 42.0° to 4.2°. Mean proximal interphalangeal joint contracture improved from 65.8° to 21.7°. Three of the enzymatic fasciotomies were complicated by skin tears. There were no infections. As more patients seek nonsurgical treatment for Dupuytren disease, its safety and efficacy in select cohorts of patients should continue to be evaluated prospectively.
Anonymizing and Sharing Medical Text Records (2017)

Health information technology has increased accessibility of health and medical data and benefited medical research and healthcare management. However, there are rising concerns about patient privacy in sharing medical and healthcare data. A large amount of these data are in free text form. Existing techniques for privacy-preserving data sharing deal largely with structured data. Current privacy approaches for medical text data focus on detection and removal of patient identifiers from the data, which may be inadequate for protecting privacy or preserving data quality. We propose a new systematic approach to extract, cluster, and anonymize medical text records. Our approach integrates methods developed in both data privacy and health informatics fields. The key novel elements of our approach include a recursive partitioning method to cluster medical text records based on the similarity of the health and medical information and a value-enumeration method to anonymize potentially identifying information in the text data. An experimental study is conducted using real-world medical documents. The results of the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Incorporation (2013)

This chapter further elaborates the incorporation analysis. Hope does indeed involve the basic elements of the orthodox definition—the desire for an outcome and a subjective probability estimate between 0 and 1. In addition, hope, when most fully realized, makes use of our capacities of self-reflection and rational justification; when we hope, we treat both our desire and our probability assignment as justifying reasons for hopeful activities. This is the feature that unifies the syndromatic elements of thought, feeling, and planning, and makes hope a distinctive and cohesive practical attitude. The chapter argues further that the justifications to which we commit ourselves in virtue of hoping are practical justifications, and that there are few epistemic or theoretical limitations on rational hope. It concludes by addressing the disadvantages of this analysis.
Properties of tantalum silicate thin films prepared by metalorganic decomposition (2003)

The aim of this paper is to study the properties of the Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/-SiO/sub 2/ thin films grown by MOD followed by rapid thermal annealing . The film is characterised by XRD, AFM and its electrical properties are studied.
Characterization of tumor microvascular structure and permeability: comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and intravital confocal imaging (2010)

Solid tumors are characterized by abnormal blood vessel organization, structure, and function. These abnormalities give rise to enhanced vascular permeability and may predict therapeutic responses. The permeability and architecture of the microvasculature in human osteosarcoma tumors growing in dorsal window chambers in athymic mice were measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Dextran (40 kDa) and Gadomer were used as molecular tracers for CLSM and DCE-MRI, respectively. A significant correlation was found between permeability indicators. The extravasation rate K(i) as measured by CLSM correlated positively with DCE-MRI parameters, such as the volume transfer constant K(trans) and the initial slope of the contrast agent concentration-time curve. This demonstrates that these two techniques give complementary information. Extravasation was further related to microvascular structure and was found to correlate with the fractal dimension and vascular density. The structural parameter values that were obtained from CLSM images were higher for abnormal tumor vasculature than for normal vessels.
Structural Intensity Analysis of Bolt Joints in Vibration Environment (2013)

A nonlinear model of bolt joints structure in vibration environment is built and Structure Intensity(SI) of it is calculated by FEM as an approach for the state identification of bolts joints structure in vibration environment. The plots of the structure intensity vector under different preforce were obtained and showed the SI changes of bolt joints structure with different preforces.and showed the energy distribution and transmission are different preforces
Synthesis and reactions of 6-aryl- and 6-styryl-3-cyano-4-methylthio-2H-pyran-2-ones. (1984)

The reaction of various types of acetyl compounds with a ketene dithioacetal, methyl 2-cyano-3, 3-bis (methylthio) acrylate, in the presence of potassium hydroxide gave the corresponding 6-aryl-and 6-styryl-3-cyano-4-methylthio-2H-pyran-2-one derivatives. The methylthio group on the pyrone ring reacted readily with nucleophiles such as amines, active methylene compounds and methoxy anion to yield the corresponding displacement products in good yields.
Quantitative single‐voxel spectroscopy: The reciprocity principle for receive‐only head coils (2004)

This approach adequately compensates for local changes in coil sensitivity, when acquiring MR spectra with a receive-only head coil.
The effects of rigid labor regulations in Latin America (2009)

Rigid regulations may prevent labor markets from being efficient. The author quantifies, for 14 Latin American countries, the extent to which rigid labor regulations affect both the hiring and dismissal decisions of firms. Making regulations more flexible will lead to an average net increase of 2.1 percent of total employment. These net employment gains will be the result of increased dismissals being more than compensated for by increased hires. These increased dismissals may explain the opposition to labor reforms designed to make regulations more flexible, despite the fact that total employment would increase. Unemployment insurance, which is designed to protect workers who lose jobs rather than protect the jobs themselves, may be more effective than rigid labor laws both at protecting workers and at creating jobs.
Building a consensus regarding the nature and origin of mesenchymal stem cells (2002)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are believed to be the common precursors to differentiated cell lineages found in bone and bone marrow, including adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and hematopoiesis-supporting stroma. Apart from this fact, most aspects of MSC biology, including their ontogeny, anatomical location in marrow, and in vivo functions remain vague. Attempts to clarify these issues have produced confounding results, principally due to the fact that many researchers employ different methods to culture MSCs, assess their differentiation potential, and evaluate their capacity for self-renewal. Accordingly, the current status of the field appears fragmentary with no clear consensus on how to define the cells. In describing past and present contributions to the field of MSC research, I will demonstrate that the apparent incongruity of the literature is misleading, and that an unbiased interpretation reveals a fairly cohesive picture of MSC biology.
Antihyperlipidemic Properties of Novel N-(Benzoylphenyl)-5-substituted-1H-indole-2-carboxamides in Triton WR-1339-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats (2011)

In the search for new potential antihyperlipidemic agents, the present study focuses on the synthesis of novel N-(benzoylphenyl)-5-substituted-1H-indole-2-carboxamides (compounds 8-12, 15, 16, 18) and investigating their antihyperlipidemic activity using Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats as an experimental model. Hyperlipidemia was developed by intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR-1339 (250 mg/kg body weight). The tested animals were divided into normal control (NCG), hyperlipidemic (HG), compound 8, 9, 15, 16, 18- and bezafibrate treated groups. At a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, compounds 9, 16, 18 and bezafibrate (100 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced elevated plasma triglycerides levels after 12 h compared to the hyperlipidemic control group. However, only the group treated with compounds 9, 16 and 18 showed an obviously significant (p < 0.001) reduction in plasma total cholesterol levels after 12 h compared to the hyperlipidemic control group. Moreover, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were significantly (p < 0.0001) increased in all treated groups after 12 h compared to the hyperlipidemic control group, except for compounds 8 and 15 which revealed inactive. It is therefore reasonable to assume that compounds 9, 16 and 18 may have potential in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Dominant Inhibitory Ras Mutants Selectively Inhibit the Activity of Either Cellular or Oncogenic Ras (1991)

Two dominant inhibitory Ras mutant proteins were analyzed by microinjection. One, [Asn-17]Ras, had a substitution in the putative Mg(2+)-binding site of Ha-Ras. The other, RAST, had a mutation in a yeast RAS protein that impaired its GTPase activity and increased its affinity for GAP. RAST also had a mutation that blocked its localization to the plasma membrane. In NIH 3T3 cells [Asn-17]Ras inhibited the function of normal Ras much more efficiently than that of oncogenic Ras. In contrast, RAST interfered with the transforming activity of oncogenic Ras more efficiently than that of normal Ras. These conclusions were based on two separate types of analysis. The inhibitory Ras mutant proteins were first microinjected into cells stably transformed either by oncogenic Ras or by high levels of expression of cellular Ras. Results obtained in stably transformed cells were then verified by coinjection of the inhibitory Ras mutant proteins together with transforming concentrations of either oncogenic or normal Ras protein. Whereas RAST was active in soluble form. [Asn-17]Ras required membrane localization for activity. Furthermore, mutations in the GAP/effector-binding domain reduced or eliminated the inhibitory activity of RAST but had no detectable effect on [Asn-17]Ras. These results are consistent with the possibility that [Asn-17]Ras functions by blocking the activation of endogenous Ras proteins, while RAST functions by blocking the ability of activated Ras to stimulate a downstream target within the cells. The properties of RAST suggest that interference with the GAP/effector-binding function of RAS represents a strategy for the preferential inactivation of oncogenic Ras in cells.
Geometric Calibration of a Micro-CT System and Performance for Insect Imaging (2011)

Micro-CT with a high spatial resolution in combination with computer-based-reconstruction techniques is considered a powerful tool for morphological study of insects. The quality of CT images crucially depends on the precise knowledge of the scan geometry of the micro-CT system. In this paper, we have proposed a method to calculate the deviation of rotating axis for compensating deficiency of existing methods. A practical application of this geometric calibration method of the micro-CT system for insect imaging is presented. We have performed the computer-simulation study and experimental study with our prototype micro-CT system. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique is accurate and robust. In addition, we have evaluated the imaging characteristics of the detector in terms of modulation-transfer function (MTF). Finally, insect imaging performance and image reconstruction from data acquired with different energies are presented.
Dystroglycan expression is reduced during prostate tumorigenesis and is regulated by androgens in prostate cancer cells (2007)

Prostate cancer, the most frequently diagnosed cancer in Western men, can display a high variability in term of clinical aggressiveness and prognosis and none of the available markers is able to accurately predict its clinical course. Dystroglycan (DG), a non-integrin adhesion molecule, is a complex formed by two subunits, alpha- and beta-DG, which bind to extracellular matrix molecules and cytoskeleton, respectively. DG expression is frequently reduced in human cancers and has been related to tumor grade and aggressiveness. This study investigated the role of DG in human prostate tumorigenesis and its suitability as a prognostic marker. The expression level of extracellular alpha-DG subunit was frequently reduced in human prostate cancer cell lines and primary tumors and the percentage of positive tumor cells was significantly further decreased in vivo following androgen ablation therapy (median = 1%) compared to pre-treatment samples (median = 28%). A significant relationship was observed between alpha-DG staining on the post-treatment samples and tumor recurrence. A dose- and time-dependent decrease of DG expression also occurred in human prostate cancer cells following treatment with the anti-androgen flutamide. Stable expression of an exogenous DG cDNA in the LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cell line resulted in a marked inhibition of both anchorage-dependent and independent growth and of the in vivo tumorigenicity. These findings confirm and extend previous evidence that disturbances in the function of the DG complex might contribute to the definition of the malignant behavior of prostate cancer cells and suggest that androgens might regulate DG expression in these cells.
New concepts in HIV-1 vaccine development (2016)

With 2 million people newly infected with HIV-1 in 2014, an effective HIV-1 vaccine remains a major public health priority. HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials in humans, complemented by active and passive immunization studies in non-human primates, have identified several key vaccine-induced immunological responses that may correlate with protection against HIV-1 infection. Potential correlates of protection in these studies include V2-specific, polyfunctional, and broadly neutralizing antibody responses, as well as effector memory T cell responses. Here we review how these correlates of protection are guiding current approaches to HIV-1 vaccine development. These approaches include improvements on the ALVAC-HIV/AIDSVAX B/E vaccine regimen used in the RV144 clinical trial in Thailand, adenovirus serotype 26 vectors with gp140 boosting, intravenous infusions of bNAbs, and replicating viral vectors.
Leucine Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation of Primary Preterm Rat Satellite Cells in Part through mTORC1 Signaling Pathway (2015)

Signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in response to leucine modulates many cellular and developmental processes. However, in the context of satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, the role of leucine and mTORC1 is less known. This study investigates the role of leucine in the process of proliferation and differentiation of primary preterm rat satellite cells, and the relationship with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation. Dissociation of primary satellite cells occurred with type I collagenase and trypsin, and purification, via different speed adherence methods. Satellite cells with positive expression of Desmin were treated with leucine and rapamycin. We observed that leucine promoted proliferation and differentiation of primary satellite cells and increased the phosphorylation of mTOR. Rapamycin inhibited proliferation and differentiation, as well as decreased the phosphorylation level of mTOR. Furthermore, leucine increased the expression of MyoD and myogenin while the protein level of MyoD decreased due to rapamycin. However, myogenin expressed no affect by rapamycin. In conclusion, leucine may up-regulate the activation of mTORC1 to promote proliferation and differentiation of primary preterm rat satellite cells. We have shown that leucine promoted the differentiation of myotubes in part through the mTORC1-MyoD signal pathway.
Low-dose and high-dose acetylsalicyclic acid, with and without dipyridamole (1998)

Publication of the results of the second European Stroke Prevention Study (ESPS-2) provided the incentive for an update of the meta-analyses of aspirin and dipyridamole in the secondary prevention of stroke. After review of published randomized trials of prolonged treatment with aspirin, dipyridamole, or their combination in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), data on the occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death were used to calculate overall relative risk reductions. The relative risk reduction for aspirin versus placebo was 13%. The same relative risk reduction was found in separate meta-analyses of trials with high (1,000-1,500 mg), medium (250-500 mg), and low (50-100 mg) doses of aspirin. Trials in which different doses were compared showed no difference in the occurrence of vascular events. The addition of dipyridamole to low-dose aspirin further reduced the risk for vascular events by 15%. We conclude from current trials that low-dose aspirin alone reduced the risk of vascular events in patients with prior stroke or TIA by 13%. There is no evidence of a dose-effect relationship. An additional reduction of the risk by 15% can be obtained by adding dipyridamole to aspirin. The overall evidence for the relative effects of the combination of dipyridamole and aspirin versus aspirin alone or placebo is highly consistent. The clinical evidence now favors the two agents in combination over aspirin alone.
식혜주에 관한 연구 - 3 보 . 시판식혜 올리고당주 (1997)

Commercial Sikhye was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 10 day at 29℃. Sucrose was hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose by invertase from the yeast, and the glucose and fructose were converted into ethanol by the yeast. Commercial Sikhye wine was found to contain 6.6% of ethanol, 0.320μ㏖/ml of amino acid, 226㎍/ml of protein, and 2.5ml 0.1N NaOH of acidity, respectively, and its pH was 3.21. Limit dextrin in commercial rice Sikhye wine showed both signal of α-1, 4- and α1, 6- glucosidic linkage with its estimation ratio of 25:1 by ^1H-NMR analysis. The taste of rice Sikhye wine was similar that of wine.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Bis‐styryl Compounds from Miliusa balansae. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Activity clustering for online anomaly detection (2010)

This paper aims to address the problem of clustering activities captured in surveillance videos for the applications of online normal activity recognition and anomaly detection. A novel framework is developed for automatic activity modeling and anomaly detection without any manual labeling of the training data set. The framework consists of the following key components: 1) Drawing from natural language processing, we introduce a compact and effective activity representation method as a stochastic sequence of spatiotemporal actions, where we analyze the global structural information of activities using their local action statistics. 2) The natural grouping of activities is discovered through a novel clustering algorithm with unsupervised model selection. 3) A runtime accumulative anomaly measure is introduced to detect abnormal activities, whereas normal activities are recognized when sufficient visual evidence has become available based on an online Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) method. This ensures robust and reliable anomaly detection and normal activity recognition at the shortest possible time. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach using noisy and sparse data sets collected from a real surveillance scenario.
Management Of Retained Placenta In Large Southern California Dairy Herds (1979)

Retention of the fetal membranes after twenty-four hours post partum is a condition that leads to the most confusing array of treatments known to many large animal veterinarians. Our practice in Chino, California has developed a protocal for the management of placentalretention that at least the majority of veterinarians in our practice agree upon. One of the major factors behind the development of thisprotocol is our large average herd size, approximately four hundred cows milking. This leads to a generally more sophisticated clientele capable of handling the majority of routine problems encountered on the dairy.
The Evolution of Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2015)

The landscape of advanced non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) therapies has rapidly been evolving beyond chemotherapy over the last few years. The discovery of oncogenic driver mutations has led to new ways in classifying NSCLC as well as offered novel therapeutic targets for anticancer therapy. Targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements have successfully been targeted with appropriate tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Other driver mutations such as ROS, MET, RET, BRAF have also been investigated with targeted agents with some success in the early phase clinical setting. Novel strategies in the field of immune-oncology have also led to the development of inhibitors of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1), which are important pathways in allowing cancer cells to escape detection by the immune system. These inhibitors have been successfully tried in NSCLC and also now bring the exciting possibility of long term responses in advanced NSCLC. In this review recent data on novel targets and therapeutic strategies and their future prospects are discussed.
Differential patterns of stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) and MT1-MMP (MMP-14) expression in epithelial skin cancers (2001)

Co-expression of several members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is characteristic of human malignant tumours. To investigate the role of stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) in growth and invasion of skin tumours, we studied cutaneous carcinomas with high metastatic capacity (squamous cell carcinomas, SCCs), only locally destructive tumours (basal cell carcinomas, BCCs) and pre-malignant lesions (Bowen's disease and actinic keratosis) using in situ hybridization. Expression of MMP-10 was compared with that of stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) and of MT1-MMP, the expression of which has been shown to correlate with tumour invasiveness. MMP-10 was expressed in 13/21 SSCs and 11/19 BCCs only in epithelial laminin-5 positive cancer cells, while premalignant lesions were entirely negative. MT1-MMP mRNA was detected in 19/21 SCCs both in epithelial cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts and in 14/18 BCCs only in fibroblasts. The level of MMP-10 was upregulated in a cutaneous SCC cell line (UT-SCC-7) by transforming growth factor-alpha and keratinocyte growth factor, and by interferon-gamma in combination with transforming growth factor-beta1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha both in UT-SCC-7 and HaCaT cells. Our results show that MMP-10 expression does not correlate with the invasive behaviour of tumours as assessed by their histology and MT1-MMP expression, but may be induced by the wound healing and inflammatory matrix remodelling events associated with skin tumours.