gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potent Plasmodicidal Activity of a Heat-Induced Reformulation of Deoxycholate-Amphotericin B (Fungizone) against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2005)

The emergence and spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum continue to pose problems in malaria chemotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new antimalarial drugs and therapeutic strategies. In the present study, the activity of a heat-treated form of amphotericin B (HT-AMB) against P. falciparum was evaluated. The efficacy and toxicity of HT-AMB were also compared with those of the standard formulation (AMB). HT-AMB showed significant activity against a chloroquine-resistant strain (strain K-1) and a chloroquine-susceptible strain (strain FCR-3) in vitro. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of HT-AMB were 0.32 +/- 0.03 mug/ml for strain K-1 and 0.33 +/- 0.03 mug/ml for strain FCR-3. In the presence of 1.0 mug of HT-AMB per ml, only pyknotic parasites were observed after 24 h of incubation of early trophozoites (ring forms). However, when late trophozoites and schizonts were cultured with 1.0 mug of HT-AMB per ml, those forms multiplied to ring forms but the number of infected erythrocytes did not increase. These results indicate that HT-AMB possesses potent antiplasmodial activity and that the drug is more effective against the ring-form stage than against the late trophozoite and schizont stages. HT-AMB was observed to have little cytotoxic effect against a human liver cell line (Chang liver cells). In conclusion, the results suggest that HT-AMB has promising properties and merits further in vivo investigations as a treatment for falciparum malaria.
Human Error in Flight (2012)

In 80% of accidents human error is one of the main causal factors. However, pilot error is not easy to de- fi ne. This paper looks at various ideas of what constitutes human error on the fl ight deck and critically examines some current models of error with respect to modern fl ight operations. The paper then looks at some methods by which error may be eliminated or managed before concluding with a contrasting view of fl ight safety, which rejects the simple idea of error and suggests that most accidents are the product of normal (but uncontrolled) working practices.<br/>
Scalability of audio quality for networked multimedia environments (1997)

As a result of listening tests performed with users of multimedia applications the authors present constraints for a dynamic adaptation (scaling) of audio data streams to the available system and network resources. For the speech medium any severe deformation of frequency characteristics should be avoided, while shortening and expanding of speech pauses is suitable to cope with varying delays. For the music medium the best scaling algorithm is a smooth fade between quality levels. Scaling resulting in lower quality should be performed in multiple steps, while in scaling towards higher quality any approach can be chosen. It appears that six levels of quality are sufficient for scaling of music from high quality (CD) to very low quality (cellular phone) and vice versa. In their proposal of a dynamic QoS centered architecture, where the bit rate and scheduling of associated media streams are adapted dynamically, the highest possible QoS for the user has to be taken into account.
Membrane technology and applications: an assessment (1984)

The literature on membrane technology and applications was reviewed and assessed. The report provides an overview of membrane technology, reviews potential applications of membrane technology in several industries, identifies technological deficiencies, and recommends areas for future research and development (R and D). Applications and R and D that will contribute to energy conservation and productivity improvements are emphasized. In the overview of membrane technology, the basic concepts of membrane separations are discussed and the various membrane unit operations are described. Operations, membrane materials and equipment, and engineering aspects are also discussed. The industries considered in the review of membrane applications include mining, primary metal recovery, and fabricated metal products; food processing; textile and leather products; pulp and paper products; hydrocarbon (including synfuels) extraction and refining; the chemical process industries (inorganic chemicals processing, organic chemicals processing, pharmaceutical/biotechnology products); and medical and health care industry. In addition, applications in domestic, municipal, and commercial water treatment and energy conversion are reviewed. The assessment identifies promising applications for energy conservation and productivity improvement in various industries. Six generic process applications are identified: displacement of energy-intensive separations, recycle of sensible heat, recycle of materials, recovery of materials, chemical conversion, and energy conversion.
The effect of carbohydrate moiety structure on the immunoregulatory activity of lactoferrin in vitro (2014)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoregulatory effects of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) in two in vitro models: (1) the secondary humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC); and (2) the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). We compared the non-sialylated glycoform of rhLF as expressed by glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with one that was further chemically sialylated. In an earlier study, we showed that sialylated rhLF could reverse methotrexate-induced suppression of the secondary immune response of mouse splenocytes to SRBC, and that the phenomenon is dependent on the interaction of lactoferrin (LF) with sialoadhesin (CD169). We found that the immunorestorative activity of sialylated rhLF is also dependent on its interaction with the CD22 antigen, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed by B lymphocytes. We also demonstrated that only sialylated rhLF was able to inhibit the MLR reaction. MLR was inhibited by bovine lactoferrin (bLF), a glycoform that has a more complex glycan structure. Desialylated bLF and lactoferricin, a bLF-derived peptide devoid of carbohydrates, did not express such inhibitory activity. We showed that the interaction of LF with sialic acid receptors is essential for at least some of the immunoregulatory activity of this glycoprotein.
Protease-Activated Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Visceral Pain (2013)

The protease-activated receptors (PARs) play a pivotal role in inflammatory and nociceptive processes. PARs have raised considerable interest because of their capacity to regulate numerous aspects of viscera physiology and pathophysiology. The present article summarizes research on PARs and proteases as signalling molecules in visceral pain. In particular, experiments in animal models suggest that PAR2 is important for visceral hypersensitivity. Moreover, endogenous PAR2 agonists seem to be released by colonic tissue of patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome, suggesting a role for this receptor in visceral pain perception. Thus, PARs, together with proteases that activate them, represent exciting targets for therapeutic intervention on visceral pain.
CRYSTALLIZATION OF ZEOLITE ZSM-5 FROM SINGLE CATION SYSTEM (1981)

Abstract Crystallization rates of ZSM-5 from the reaction mixture of TPA single cation system was measured in relation with the composition of the reactants. The crystallization rate strongly depended on concentration ratios of the components such as (TPA)2O/SiO2, SiO2/Al2O3 and H2O/SiO2 i.e., it increased along with increasing (TPA)2O/SiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 and decreased with increasing H2O/SiO2. Na cation did not seem to play a major role in the crystallization from the Na-TPA cation system with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio above ca. 100.
Peak Distortions in Preparative Supercritical Fluid Chromatography : A More Complete Overview (2016)

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) has re-emerged as a first-rate technique for purification of candidate drugs in the pharmaceuticalindustry; fuelled by new and improved instrumentation and ...
Hypothesis testing and statistical analysis of microbiome (2017)

After the initiation of Human Microbiome Project in 2008, various biostatistic and bioinformatic tools for data analysis and computational methods have been developed and applied to microbiome studies. In this review and perspective, we discuss the research and statistical hypotheses in gut microbiome studies, focusing on mechanistic concepts that underlie the complex relationships among host, microbiome, and environment. We review the current available statistic tools and highlight recent progress of newly developed statistical methods and models. Given the current challenges and limitations in biostatistic approaches and tools, we discuss the future direction in developing statistical methods and models for the microbiome studies.
Variable Fractional Delay FIR Filter Design with a Bicriteria and Coefficient Relationship (2014)

This brief investigates a tradeoff between the integral squared error and the peak deviation error for a variable fractional delay (VFD) filter with a coefficient relationship. The integral squared error is minimized subject to additional constraints on the peak deviation error. The problem is solved by utilizing second-order cone programming. In addition, the performance of the VFD filter with discrete coefficients is investigated, in which the filter coefficients are expressed as the sum of power-of-two terms to reduce the filter operations to shifts and adds. Design examples show that the peak deviation error can be significantly reduced from the least squares solution while maintaining approximately the same integral squared error. Similarly, the integral squared error can be significantly reduced from the minimax solution while maintaining approximately the same peak deviation error. Furthermore, the tradeoff filters are less sensitive with respect to quantization than the least squares and minimax solutions.
A Comparison of CE–MS and LC–MS for Peptide Samples (2014)

In LC–MS, the outlet of the UV detector is connected to a single-tube spraying device within the ion source (Figure 1). The LC pump maintains the flow, and the nebuliz-ing and drying gas together with the electro-spray high voltage assist in the generation of gas-phase ions. The nebulizing and drying gas and electrospray high voltage also are present in CE–MS; however, the interface also requires an additional electrical connec-tion to the run buffer to maintain the elec-trical field across the separation capillary. To accommodate these requirements and the smaller flow rate in CE, researchers have The authors investigated and compared aspects of capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of peptide samples. Despite their different levels of technological maturity, both techniques can be operated at the same level of automation. However, they differ greatly in the interface design, selectivity, sensitivity, and method development aspects.
On the hyperplane conjecture for random convex sets (2006)

Let N > n, and denote by K the convex hull of N independent standard gaussian random vectors in an n-dimensional Euclidean space. We prove that with high probability, the isotropic constant of K is bounded by a universal constant. Thus we verify the hyperplane conjecture for the class of gaussian random polytopes.
Cytotoxicity, 2D- and 3D- QSAR Study of some Halogen Containing Hydroxy and Amino Substituted Aromatic Compounds (2016)

A set of 24 halogen containing hydroxy and amino substituted aromatic compounds were subjected to 2D- and 3D-QSAR studies. 3D-QSAR was studied at a 2.0 Ǻ 3D grid spacing using molecular interaction fields (MIFs) analysis. The best predictive models by MIFs gave the cross-validated correlation coefficient, Q2 of 0.668 and squared correlation coefficient, R2 of 0.979 and the models by MLR, PCR and PLSR methods for 2D-QSAR provided a highly significant squared correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.904, 0.785, 0.903 and cross-validated correlation coefficients (Q2) of 0.824, 0.662 and 0.718 respectively. The statistically significant model was established from a training set of 18 molecules, which were validated by evaluation of test set of 6 compounds. The calculated cytotoxic activities through MIFs model showed a very good agreement with experimental values. The information provided by QSAR analysis may give valuable clues to design and find the new potential drugs.
Synchronization phenomena in RC oscillators coupled by one resistor (2002)

There have been many investigations of the mutual synchronization of oscillators. Especially, we have analyzed N van der Pol type LC oscillators coupled by one resistor, and confirmed that this system can take a huge number of steady states. In this study, we analyze N Wien-bridge oscillators with the same natural frequency mutually coupled by one resister by both of computer calculations and circuit experiments. Because there is no inductor in this system, it is suitable for VLSI implementation. Moreover, the system has many more phase states than that of the system with van der Pol type LC oscillators when N is not so large. So we can utilize this system as a structural element of cellular neural networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Television applications of interline-transfer CCD arrays (1976)

The design features and characteristics of interline transfer (ILT) CCD arrays with 190 x 244 and 380 x 488 image elements are reviewed, with emphasis on optional operating modes and system application considerations. It was shown that the observed horizontal resolution for a TV system using an ILT image sensor can approach the aperture response limit determined by photosensor site width, resulting in enhanced resolution for moving images. Preferred camera configurations and read out clocking modes for maximum resolution and low light sensitivity are discussed, including a very low light level intensifier CCD concept. Several camera designs utilizing ILT-CCD arrays are described. These cameras demonstrate feasibility in applications where small size, low-power/low-voltage operation, high sensitivity and extreme ruggedness are either desired or mandatory system requirements.
In-Plane Bismuth Breast Shields for Pediatric CT: Effects on Radiation Dose and Image Quality Using Experimental and Clinical Data (2003)

Bismuth in-plane breast shielding for pediatric MDCT decreased radiation dose to the breast without qualitative or quantitative changes in image quality.
Polarization effect on four-wave mixing efficiency in a single-mode fiber (1992)

Four-wave mixing in a single-mode fiber is studied for general polarization states in input lights. A theory is developed for fiber four-wave mixing where the polarization states of input light are various and they change randomly when propagating through a fiber line. The results show that intensity beating between the propagating lights plays an important role in four-wave mixing efficiency in a fiber. Experimental results support the theoretical treatment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effective permeability of soft magnetic layers adjacent to recorded media (1999)

The finite thickness of soft magnetic layers used to "keeper" magnetic recording media results in an effective permeability of the soft magnetic layer which is lower than the bulk material permeability. Multiple imaging techniques are used to create expressions for the effective permeability as a function of soft magnetic film thickness and the magnetic recording frequency. Using measurements of leakage fields through the keeper layer from a magnetized recording media at various recording frequencies and with various keeper thicknesses we can determine the permeability of the soft magnetic layers vs keeper thickness and recording frequency.
NEUTRAL-BEAM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AT LBL, BERKELEY (1973)

The neutral-beam research and development effort at LLL has been concerned mainly with design, construction, and testing of ion sources needed in present and planned experiments, chiefly at LLL. Development of techniques for producing reactor-type neutral beam systems with higher voltage, current, and duty cycle proceeds as resources permit. An important part of this program is the attempt to increase the physics understanding and technology needed for the design of beams with precisely controlled trajectories, e.g., converging beams. (auth)
Beyond Shielding: The Roles of Glycans in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (2020)

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 28,000,000 infections and 900,000 deaths worldwide to date. Antibody development efforts mainly revolve around the extensively glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, which mediates host cell entry by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Similar to many other viral fusion proteins, the SARS-CoV-2 spike utilizes a glycan shield to thwart the host immune response. Here, we built a full-length model of the glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 S protein, both in the open and closed states, augmenting the available structural and biological data. Multiple microsecond-long, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were used to provide an atomistic perspective on the roles of glycans and on the protein structure and dynamics. We reveal an essential structural role of <i>N</i>-glycans at sites N165 and N234 in modulating the conformational dynamics of the spike's receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for ACE2 recognition. This finding is corroborated by biolayer interferometry experiments, which show that deletion of these glycans through N165A and N234A mutations significantly reduces binding to ACE2 as a result of the RBD conformational shift toward the "down" state. Additionally, end-to-end accessibility analyses outline a complete overview of the vulnerabilities of the glycan shield of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which may be exploited in the therapeutic efforts targeting this molecular machine. Overall, this work presents hitherto unseen functional and structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and its glycan coat, providing a strategy to control the conformational plasticity of the RBD that could be harnessed for vaccine development.
Precocious Hypertrophy of Prostate Following Persistent Treatment with Gonadotropic Hormone (1939)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Feb 1939Precocious Hypertrophy of Prostate Following Persistent Treatment with Gonadotropic Hormone1 Tracy O. Powell Tracy O. PowellTracy O. Powell View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)71651-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1939 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByMaluf N (2018) Transvesical Prostato-Adenomectomy with Primary Closure of the Bladder. II. Report on 180 Unselected CasesJournal of Urology, VOL. 82, NO. 4, (531-545), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1959.Schwarz J (2018) A Study of Excretion of Gonadotropic Hormone in Benign Prostatic HypertrophyJournal of Urology, VOL. 48, NO. 2, (170-173), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1942.Fowler H (2018) Prostatic Obstruction in Young AdultsJournal of Urology, VOL. 47, NO. 1, (16-30), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1942.Heckel N (2018) The Influence of Testosterone-Propionate Upun Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy and Spermatogenesis: A Clinical and Pathological Study in the HumanJournal of Urology, VOL. 43, NO. 2, (286-308), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1940. Volume 41Issue 2February 1939Page: 206-209 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1939 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Tracy O. Powell More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Efficacy and Safety of Fenfluramine for the Treatment of Seizures Associated With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03355209.
Dance Your Shyness Away... (1931)

Since the dance is one of the oldest forms of art and responsible for much of the beauty that surrounds us today, it is only deserving of the greatest respect. It is not new, for it has always been a life force, a heritage common to all mankind. Primitive man danced his very life away. His stories of love, war, religion, nature and all those forces effecting a feeling of self were told through the dance. The body being the only known medium, rhythmical movement was born. This was the beginning of the dance. Gradually, as man became conscious of his environment; a his mental life became more complex, he found other means of expressing his emotions. Music then came. The sound produced by heating a skin stretched tightly over a hollow tree trunk added to the rhythmical bodily motion and became a necessary part of every ritual dance. After the creation of sounds came words, then poetry which followed the dance in its form and the shaping of phrases into measures. With such means of emotional outlets, the dance took on a different form. It became more moderate, more beautiful, less emotional and highly symbolic.
Nitroimidazoles: Part XX. Reactions of 2,4-dinitroimidazole with 2-haloethanols, 3-chloropropionitrile & propylene oxide (1984)

The reaction of 2,4-dinitroimidazole (1) with 2-chloroethanol, 3-chloropropanoI or 3-chloropropionitrile gives 2-chloro-4- nitroimidazole (7) and not 4-chloro-5-nitroimidazole (3) as claimed in earlier literature. 1 and 2-bromoethanoI likewise yield 2- bromo-4-nitroimidazole(ll). 7 is methylated to isomeric methyl derivatives 8 and 13 and 11 to 12 and 14. In the reaction of 1 with 3-chloropropionitrile, other products 9, 10 and 16 have been isolated. 1 is unaffected by 2-chloropentane. 2-Chloroethanol and 1-methyl-2,4-dinitroimidazole (2) afford 8. HCI formed from hot 2-chloroethanol in the presence of nitroimidazoles seems to be responsible for the displacement of N02 group at position-2 with chlorine. 1 and propylene oxide yield imidazooxazoline (18) and the dinitro alcohol (19) along with a small amount of the isomer 20. 19 is transformed to imidazooxazoline (21) by excess propylene oxide or piperidine. 7 and propylene oxide afford isomeric alcohols 26 and 27, the latter being readily transformed to 18. Piperidine opens the oxazoline ring in 18 to yield 25. 1H and 13CNMR data are used to derive new structures.