gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanocolumn InGaN/GaN quantum-well crystals on flat and pillared Si substrates with nitrified Ga as a buffer layer (2007)

Nanocolumn InGaN/GaN quantum-well crystals were deposited on pillared and flat Si substrates. A unique flower structure was synthesized on the Si pillars. Vertically aligned nanocolumn crystals were uniformly deposited on the flat Si substrate. Raman spectra measurement shows the crystals are fully relaxed. Photoluminescence measurement indicates much stronger photoluminescence excited from the flower structure than that from the crystals on the flat Si substrate. Reflectivity measurement demonstrates much lower reflectivity of the flower structure than that of the crystals on the flat substrate. Laser scanning confocal microscopy measurement indicates clear vertical photoluminescence distributions of the flower structure. Optical microscopy images show that there is a horizontal photoluminescence distribution on the pillared Si substrate and the quantum-well flower structure emits much brighter light than the crystals on the flat Si substrate. The flower structure improves the surface geometrical structure and enhances the extraction efficiency much more than the crystals on the flat Si substrate.
The Problem of Broad and Narrow Context in Cross-cultural Communication (2010)

In cross-cultural communication activities, different languages and cultures will affect the success and failure of communication. This paper explains the importance of context in cross -cultural communication according to the cultural comparison of broad and narrow context. Key words: cross cultural, context, difference, importance Resume Pendant la communication interculturelle, la difference des langues et des cultures influencent la reussite et l’echec de la communication. Ce texte present a fait un resume d’autre point de vue soit la comparaison entre la grande et petite circonstance culturelle sur l’importance des situations dans la communication interculturelle. Mots-cles : interculturel, circonstances, differences, importance 摘 要 在跨文化交際活動中 ,語言的不同,文化的差異都影響著交流的成功與失敗 .本文從跨文化交際的一個側面,即大語境和小語境文化對比 ,闡述了語境在跨文化交際中的重要性。 關鍵詞：跨文化；語境；差異；重要性
Case-Series of Nurse-Administered Nitrous Oxide for Urinary Catheterization in Children (2007)

Nitrous oxide sedation can be provided by a nurse-administered program in pediatric radiology. Administration of nitrous oxide for pediatric procedures by adequately trained nursing staff with appropriate multidisciplinary oversight may increase children's access to this sedative/analgesic drug.
The Evolution of the Cognitive Model of Depression and Its Neurobiological Correlates (2008)

Although the cognitive model of depression has evolved appreciably since its first formulation over 40 years ago, the potential interaction of genetic, neurochemical, and cognitive factors has only recently been demonstrated. Combining findings from behavioral genetics and cognitive neuroscience with the accumulated research on the cognitive model opens new opportunities for integrated research. Drawing on advances in cognitive, personality, and social psychology as well as clinical observations, expansions of the original cognitive model have incorporated in successive stages automatic thoughts, cognitive distortions, dysfunctional beliefs, and information-processing biases. The developmental model identified early traumatic experiences and the formation of dysfunctional beliefs as predisposing events and congruent stressors in later life as precipitating factors. It is now possible to sketch out possible genetic and neurochemical pathways that interact with or are parallel to cognitive variables. A hypersensitive amygdala is associated with both a genetic polymorphism and a pattern of negative cognitive biases and dysfunctional beliefs, all of which constitute risk factors for depression. Further, the combination of a hyperactive amygdala and hypoactive prefrontal regions is associated with diminished cognitive appraisal and the occurrence of depression. Genetic polymorphisms also are involved in the overreaction to the stress and the hypercortisolemia in the development of depression--probably mediated by cognitive distortions. I suggest that comprehensive study of the psychological as well as biological correlates of depression can provide a new understanding of this debilitating disorder.
A chip prototyping substrate (2005)

We describe a hybrid hardware emulation environment: the Flexible Architecture for Simulation and Testing (FAST). FAST integrates field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), microprocessors, and memory to enable rapid prototyping of chip multiprocessors, multithreaded architectures, or other novel computer architectures and chip-level memory systems. FAST combines configurable and fixed-function hardware and software to facilitate rapid prototyping by utilizing components optimized for their particular tasks: FPGAs for interconnect and glue logic; processors for rapid program execution; and SRAMs for fast memory. Unlike software simulators, FAST can simulate complex designs at multi-megahertz speeds regardless of the simulation detail. We illustrate FAST's utility by describing mappings of both a small-scale CMP with speculation support and a large-scale CMP connected using a network. We then show performance results from a very simple, decoupled 4-way CMP executing small test programs.
Synthesis of Cellulose-<i>graft</i>-Polypropionic Acid Nanofiber Cation-Exchange Membrane Adsorbers for High-Efficiency Separations (2017)

Fabrication of membrane adsorbers with elevated binding capacity and high throughput is highly desired for simplifying and improving purification efficiencies of bioproducts (biotherapeutics, vaccines, etc.) in the biotechnological and biopharmaceutical industries. Here we demonstrate the preparation of a novel class of self-supported, cellulose-graft-polypropionic acid (CL-g-PPA) cation-exchange nanofiber membrane adsorbers under mild reaction conditions for the purification of positively charged therapeutic proteins. In our fabrication method, acrylonitrile was first polymerized and surface grafted onto cellulose nanofibers using cerium ammonium nitrate as a redox initiator to form cellulose-g-polyacrylonitrile (CL-g-PAN). CL-g-PAN was then submitted to a hydrolyzation reaction to form CL-g-PPA cationic membrane adsorbers. Morphology and structural characterization illustrated the formation of CL-g-PPA membranes with uniform coating of polyacid nanolayers along the individual nanofibers without disturbing the nanofiber structure. Benefiting from these numerous cationic polyacid binding sites and inherent large surface area and open porous structure, CL-g-PPA nanofiber membrane adsorbers showed a lysozyme static adsorption capacity of 1664 mg/g of nanofibers. These membranes showed a lysozyme dynamic binding capacity of 508 mg/g of nanofibers at 10% breakthrough (equivalent to 206 g/L capacity), with a residence time of less than 6 s. Moreover, CL-g-PPA self-supported nanofibers displayed excellent structural stability and reversibility after several cycles of protein binding studies. This dynamic binding capacity of the CL-g-PPA nanofiber membranes was 3.2 times higher than that of macroporous cellulose membranes and 8.5 times higher than that of the Sartobind S commercial membrane adsorber. Considering the simple fabrication method employed, excellent protein adsorption capacity, remarkable structural stability, and reusability, CL-g-PPA nanofiber membranes provided a versatile platform for the chromatographic separations of biomolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, and viral vaccines) as well as water purification and similar ion-exchange applications.
Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of a series of 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline derivatives (1986)

A series of N2-[(acylamino)alkyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-2,4-quinazolinediamines was synthesized as potential alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists. When administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats at 10 mg/kg po, a number of propanediamine derivatives showed good antihypertensive activity, whereas the ethanediamine derivatives, albeit being structurally more closely related to prazosin, were devoid of this property. The most active derivative, N-[3-[(4-amino-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-quinazolinyl)methylamino]propyl]tetrahydro-2-furancarbo xamide hydrochloride, alfuzosin (12), showed high selectivity for peripheral alpha 1-postjunctional adrenoceptors. At equiactive antihypertensive doses, its effect on the pressor response to postural changes in conscious dog was less marked than that shown by prazosin. In the light of these results, alfuzosin was selected for clinical evaluation.
A new efficient procedure for the estimation of onset times of seismic waves. (1988)

A computationally efficient procedure was developed for the fitting of a locally stationary autoregressive model. The amount of computations is bounded by a function of the data length and the model order only and does not depend on the number of possible arrival times. This facilitates automatic determination of arrival time by an on-line system. The on-line system FUNIMAR (fast univariate case of minimum AIC method of AR model fitting) was developed to implement the procedure. The method was checked by applying it to weak seismic signals from earthquakes which were superimposed with background noises such as traffic noise, electronic hum noise, and heavy microtremor. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the method for determining the onset time of P-wave and suggest that an AR model of the fifth order is sufficient to determine the onset time of the wave even if it is buried in considerably heavy noises. It is also shown that the onset time of S-wave can also be successfully determined by the method.
Strategic Traffic Flow Management Concept of Operations (2004)

*† ‡ § With increases in weather-related delays, the Air Traffic Management (ATM) community is calling for enhanced functionality for integrating strategic weather information with Traffic Flow Management (TFM) decisions. This TFM Concept of Operations describes the language, process, and technologies required to increase the effectiveness of uncertain weather information when making strategic TFM decisions constrained by convective weather. TFM needs a mechanism to reason about probabilistic weather forecasts in a way that balances the safety and efficiency of traffic flows and ensures that uncertainty is logically taken into account. Building on the Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) paradigm, we enable the Collaborative Convective Forecast Product (CCFP) to capture multiple potential weather scenarios and provide a mechanism for air traffic managers and airline dispatchers to use probabilistic forecasts in their severe weather avoidance planning. A Probabilistic Decision Tree models the problem state space and maps to current weather avoidance practices, TFM decision points, and uncertain weather forecasts. Our concept also calls for new forecast products that include estimation of the uncertainty in weather predictions in a format that is relevant to the ATM decision making process. Finally, we need a decision support tool with algorithms to help make decisions using probabilistic forecast products.
Semi-insulating  silicon using deep level impurity doping: problems and potential (2003)

The possibility of using deep level impurities to obtain 'semi-insulating' Czochralski silicon of near-intrinsic resistivity for microwave applications has been analysed. It is shown that co-doping with a deep donor and deep acceptor is effective in producing high resistivity p-type silicon if a single sufficiently deep donor is not available. Values of deep impurity levels and their concentrations ideally suited for the purpose have been evaluated. It is found that there is a trade-off between control over deep impurity doping concentration and the maximum achievable resistivity. Calculations of resistivity using published data for a number of transition metal impurities such as Au, Ag, Cr, Co, Pd, Pt, V and Mn show that V and Mn are best suited to achieve the goal if Au and Ag are disqualified due to high diffusivity. A comparison of Si:Mn with semi-insulating GaAs:Cr shows the limitations of the effectiveness of deep level doping in silicon.
Therapeutic Potential of Temperate Forage Legumes: A Review (2015)

The discovery of bioactive molecules from botanical sources is an expanding field, preferentially oriented to plants having a tradition of use in medicine and providing high yields and availability. Temperate forage legumes are Fabaceae species that include worldwide-important crops. These plants possess therapeutic virtues that have not only been used in veterinary and folk medicine, but have also attracted the interest of official medicine. We have examined here Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Trifolium pratense and T. repens (clovers), Melilotus albus and M. officinalis (sweet clovers), Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil), Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin), Lespedeza capitata (roundhead lespedeza), and Galega officinalis (goat's rue). The phytochemical complexes of these species contain secondary metabolites whose pharmacological potentials deserve investigation. Major classes of compounds include alkaloids and amines, cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids, coumarins, condensed tannins, and saponins. Some of these phytochemicals have been related to antihypercholesterolemia, antidiabetic, antimenopause, anti-inflammatory, antiedema, anthelmintic, and kidney protective effects. Two widely prescribed drugs have been developed starting from temperate forage legumes, namely, the antithrombotic warfarin, inspired from sweet clover's coumarin, and the antidiabetic metformin, a derivative of sainfoin's guanidine. Available evidence suggests that temperate forage legumes are a potentially important resource for the extraction of active principles to be used as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Compatibilization of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) and EVOH–HDPE blends: Structure and properties (1998)

Hydrogenated and maleated S-B-S block copolymer (SEBS-g-MA) was applied as a compatibilizer in melt-mixed binary blends with poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) and in ternaries containing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the major component. The techniques applied were dynamic, mechanical, and tensile testing; differential thermal analysis; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; and optical and electron microscopy (SEM). Small and large deformation behavior under dynamic and static mode, coupled with other physical characterization data, as well as morphological evidence, demonstrated that SEBS-g-MA is an efficient compatibilizer in the binary and ternary blends. In the latter, its function is the coupling of EVOH with the HDPE matrix, thus reducing the moisture sensitivity of the former and the improvement of performance-to-cost ratio of the final product. After leaching out EVOH from the ternaries, morphology examination of the cross section of films, showed a laminar EVOH phase distribution, a feature desirable in barrier materials applications. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 589–596, 1998
A Comparison of Autofocus Algorithms for SAR Imagery (2005)

A challenge in SAR system development involves compensatio n for nonlinear motion errors of the sensor platform. The uncompensated along-track motions can cause a severe loss of geometry accuracy and degrade SAR image quality. Autofocus techniques improve image focus by removing a large part of phase errors present after conventional motion compensation. It refers to the computer-automated error estimation and subsequent removal of the phase errors. Many autofocus algorithms have been proposed over the years, ranging from quantitative measurement of residual errors to qualitative visual comparison. However, due to the fact that different data sets and motion errors were employed, it is difficult to perform comparative studies on various algorithms. This paper compares and discusses some practical autofocus algorithms by using a common data set. Standard focal quality metrics are defined to measure how well an image is focused. Their implementation schemes and performance are evaluated in the presence of various phase errors, which include polynomial-like, high frequency sinusoidal, and random phase noise.
Pharmacophore-Based Design of HIV-1 Integrase Strand-Transfer Inhibitors (2005)

Using a training set of diketo-like acid HIV-1 integrase (IN) strand-transfer inhibitors, a 3D pharmacophore model was derived having quantitative predictive ability in terms of activity. The best statistical hypothesis consisted of four features (one hydrophobic aromatic region, two hydrogen-bond acceptors, and one hydrogen-bond donor) with r of 0.96. The resulting pharmacophore model guided the rational design of benzylindoles as new potent IN inhibitors, whose microwave-assisted synthesis and biological evaluation are reported.
A survey of the relationships among accumulated orchard hours below 10 °C, fruit maturity, and the incidences of storage scald on 'Starkrimson Delicious' apples (1991)

Incidences of storage scald were recorded in three seasons for 'Starkrimson Delicious' apples sampled 137, 144 and 151 d after full bloom and stored for 150 d in air at 0 °C at several North American locations. Severity of storage scald was inversely related to fruit maturity (determined by starch index) and the number of accumulated hours when orchard air temperature was below 10 °C between 100 d after full bloom and harvest. Key words: Malus domestica, climate, fruit maturity, physiological disorder, apples
Characteristics of a New Urine, Serum, and Saliva Alcohol Reagent Strip (1992)

We have tested an ethanol reagent strip developed at the Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario. Alcohol dehydrogenase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, in the presence of pyrazole, react with ethanol to yield acetaldehyde plus reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The latter reduces iodonitrotetrazolium chloride in the presence of diaphorase, generating an intense red color. The rate of color development is proportional to the concentration of ethanol. Color is compared at a specific time against a calibrated color scale ranging from green (negative) to red, representing alcohol concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/dl (0-0.4%; 0-87 mmol/liter). We were able to interpolate the color observed between the calibrated blocks. When tested on urine, serum/plasma, and saliva, ethanol concentration determined by the reagent strip correlates well with ethanol concentration as determined by gas chromatography or by automated enzymatic analysis (r = 0.92-0.98, p less than 0.001; slope 0.83-1.16). The reagent strip was shown to be used appropriately by nonexperienced individuals following a 1-min explanation (reagent strip values, r = 0.92; p less than 0.001, slope = 0.97, versus gas chromatography). The reagent strip does not react with methanol (wood alcohol), isopropanol (rubbing alcohol), and ethylene glycol (antifreeze) often found in accidental poisonings. In 379 clinical samples obtained without exclusion criteria from 12 hospital emergency rooms and a liver clinic, the sensitivity of the reagent strip in detecting ethanol was 98%. Specificity was 99%. The reagent strip was found to have virtually unlimited stability under refrigeration (4 degrees C) and to be stable for 3 to 4 months at room temperature (22-23 degrees C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Radioprotection, pharmacokinetic and behavioural studies in mouse implanted with biodegradable drug (amifostine) pellets (2002)

Amifostine in biodegradable implant was effective. The radioprotection observed was comparable between conventional s.c. administration of the drug and implantation. Pharmacokinetic data and locomotor activity suggest that the implantation was beneficial though radioprotection data warrants formulation improvements in implants.
Selective Deposition and Bond Strain Relaxation in Silicon PECVD Using Time Modulated Silane Flow (1992)

The use of time modulated gas flows in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) gives an additional degree of flexibility to the growth process to control film nucleation and modify the properties of the deposited films. Specifically, we show that time modulated flow of silane into a hydrogen plasma allows for substrate selective nucleation and enhanced crystallinity of microcrystalline silicon films. We have used Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to investigate reactions between atomic hydrogen and the growth surface that result in crystallite formation and selective deposition. We show that exposing the growth surface to atomic hydrogen results in: 1) breaking of highly strained surface bonds; and 2) etching of silicon from the surface. We find that substrate dependent nucleation, and the different etch rates of the different nucleii, lead to selective deposition. However, we show that etching is not sufficient to account for microcrystallite formation, and that bond strain relaxation by atomic hydrogen promotes motion of adatoms on the surface and leads to the nucleation of crystalline silicon. The selective deposition technique has been applied to the formation of thin film transistor devices, and these results are also presented.
A Brain-Computer Interface Based on Multi-Modal Attention (2007)

The amplitude of steady-state evoked potentials (SSEP) can be modulated by switching spatial attention within one modality. In this article, we show that switching attention between different sensory modalities also modulates SSEP amplitude. This could be used to combine classifications in each modality into a multi-modal brain-computer interface (BCI) system. We present the result of combining visual and tactile stimulation. Our investigation also revealed an attention-related power change of the mu-rhythm. Taking this as an additional feature into account results in a three-class BCI system with the same accuracy like an SSSEP-based system with only two classes
HIV glycoprotein 120 enhances intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression in glial cells. Involvement of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription and protein kinase C signaling pathways (1996)

It is well established that the two major glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes and microglia, are key participants in mediating the neurologic dysfunction associated with HIV infection of the CNS. In this study, we investigated the ability of the major envelope glycoprotein of HIV, glycoprotein 120 (gp120), to regulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in glial cells, because ICAM-1 is important in mediating immune responsiveness in the CNS, facilitating entry of HIV-infected cells into the CNS, and promoting syncytia formation. Our results indicate that gp120 enhances ICAM-1 gene expression in primary rat astrocytes, primary human astrocytes, a human astroglioma cell line CRT, and primary rat microglia. The signal transduction events involved in gp120-mediated enhancement of ICAM-1 appear to involve activation of both protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase, because inhibitors of protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase abrogate gp120-mediated ICAM-1 expression in both astrocytes and microglia. Moreover, gp120 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-1 alpha) as well as the Janus kinase (JAK2) in glial cells. We also demonstrate that gp120-mediated ICAM-1 expression has functional significance, as it enhances the ability of monocytic cells to bind to gp120-stimulated human astrocytes in an ICAM-1/beta 2 integrin-dependent fashion. These results provide new insights into how gp120 can influence the involvement of glial cells in the pathogenesis of AIDS dementia complex.