gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review Article: Atomic layer deposition of doped ZnO films (2019)

This article reviews the process-structure-property relationship in doped ZnO thin films via atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD is an important manufacturing-scalable, layer-by-layer, thin film deposition process that precisely controls dopant type and concentration at the nanoscale. ZnO is an important technological material, which can be doped to modulate structure and composition to tailor a wide variety of optical and electronic properties. ALD doped ZnO is viewed as a transparent conducting oxide for application in solar cells, flexible transparent electronics, and light-emitting diodes. To date, there are 22 elements that have been reported as dopants in ZnO via ALD. This article studies the underlying trends across dopants and establishes generalized relationships for (1) the role of ALD process parameters, (2) the impact of these parameters on the structure of the ZnO matrix, and (3) the impact of dopants on the optical and electrical properties. The article ends with a brief discussion on the limitations of the ALD-based doping scheme, knowledge gaps in the compositional maps, and a perspective on the future of ALD doped ZnO films.
Implementing security and access control mechanisms for an electronic healthcare record. (2002)

Personal Electronic Health Records (EHR) have recently been published as one means to support patient empowerment and patient control over their personal health record. The functionality of such an EHR may vary from a simple web-based interface for interactive data entry and data review up to a much more powerful system additionally supporting electronic data/document communication between clinical information systems of primary care practitioners or hospitals and even reminder based support for the empowered citizen, to actively take care of his health, based on relevant disease management programs. Since storage and communication of data in an EHR comprises sensible personal health data, each of those functions need specific security and access management requirements to be considered and implemented. In this article the most critical requirements for these aspects will be classified and respective mechanisms to provide secure data storage and communication as well as flexible access management functions will be presented.
Structural Studies of Seven Compounds of Cobalt(III) With trans-6,13-Diamino-6,13-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (1992)

The structures of seven compounds of trans-6,13-diamino-6,13-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraacyclotetradecane (diam) with cobalt(III) have been determined by X-ray diffractometry: (1), trans-a-[{Co(diam-N5)}2(O2)](ClO4)4.2H2O (monoclinic, P21/n, a 10.673(2), b 22.924(8), c 19.332(5) ?,ß 114 19(2)°, R 0.044 for 4547reflections); (2), trans-a-[Co(diam-N5)Cl](ClO4)2 (orthorhombic, P 212121, a 9.043(4), b 11.214(4), c 21.431(8) A, R 0.055 for 1541 reflections); (3), trans-a- Co(diamH-N5)Cl] [ZnCl4] Cl.H2O (orthorhombic, Pna 21, a 25.26(5), b 9.866(2), c 9.457(2) 1, R 0.108 for 1686 reflections); (4), trans-a-[Co(diamH-N5)(H2O)Cl3.ClO4 (monoclinic, P 21/n, a 12.928(8), b 8.554(5), c 20.624(12) A, ß 106.00(4)°, R 0.060 for 2094 reflections); (5), trans-?-[Co(diamH-N5)Cl]Cl3.3H2O (orthorhombic, P212121, a 12.895(7), b 12.898(9), c 13 -417(4) ?, R 0.062 for 860 reflections); (6), trans-ß-[Co(diamHN5) Cl] [ZnCl4]CI.½H2O.½C3.H7OH(triclinic, P1, a 10.469(4), b 9.167(5), c 15.464(6) ?, a 73.74(4), ß 71.15(3), ? 73.70(1)°, R 0.045 for 3685 reflections); (7), trans-ß-[Co(diamH2- N4)Cl2] [ZnCl4]Cl.½H2O.½C2.H5OH(triclinic, P1, a 10.138(2), b 12.011(3), c 12-451(2) ?, a 79,87(2), ß 66.64(1), ? 66.64(1)°, R 0.035 for 2637 reflections). The cations of compounds (1)-(6) all have pentadentate diam (diam-N5 or diamH-N5) with one primary amino substituent coordinated trans to the additional ligand. Compounds (1)-(4) have the pentadentate macrocycle in cyclam configuration (1). R,S,R,S, with all four secondary amine groups on the same side of the molecular plane, with one six-membered chelate ring in a boat conformation with the amino substituent coordinated, and the other in a chair conformation. Compound (5) has the pentadentate macrocycle in configuration (2), R,R,S,R, with one NH group alone on one side of the molecular plane with the six-membered chelate ring with the non-coordinated amrnonio substituent in a skew conformation. Compounds (6) and (7) have the R,R,S,S configuration (S'), (6) having diamH-N5 with one amine substituent coordinated, and (7) with planar tetradentate diamH2-N4 in the macrocycle conformation usual for planar coordinated cyclam compounds, the ammonio substituents being equatorially oriented.
InP- and GaAs-Based Plasmonic High-Electron-Mobility Transistors for Room-Temperature Ultrahigh-Sensitive Terahertz Sensing and Imaging (2012)

This paper reviews recent advances in the design and performance of our original InP- and GaAs-based plasmonic high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) for ultrahighly-sensitive terahertz (THz) sensing and imaging. First, the fundamental theory of plasmonic THz detection is briefly described. Second, single-gate HEMTs with parasitic antennae are introduced as a basic core device structure, and their detection characteristics and sub-THz imaging potentialities are investigated. Third, dual-grating-gate (DGG)-HEMT structures are investigated for broadband highly sensitive detection of THz radiations, and the record sensitivity and the highly-sensitive THz imaging are demonstrated using the InP-based asymmetric DGG-HEMTs. Finally, the obtained results are summarized and future trends are addressed.
Compact Integrated Energy Systems for Distributed Generation (2012)

Distributed generation systems usually include local energy sources, storages, and loads. Almost always, these entities have their own power converters for grid interfacing and energy processing. Having individual converters has advantages like more flexible individual control and simpler design but does not encourage functionality merging. Reduction of semiconductors to arrive at a more compact integrated design is thus not possible. Addressing this concern, a number of integrated energy generation systems that use 25% lesser semiconductors are proposed. The systems can be single or three phase depending on the types of sources, storages, and loads assembled. They can operate in the grid-tied or stand-alone mode with no compromise in performances expected, when compared with other solutions using more switches. For verifying the practicalities of the proposed integrated systems, experimental testing has already been performed on two example systems assembled in the laboratory.
Adverse events related to extraoperative invasive <scp>EEG</scp> monitoring with subdural grid electrodes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2013)

Although providing critical information for patients with medically refractory epilepsy, subdural grids implantation and invasive EEG monitoring entails risks of infection, hemorrhage, and elevated intracranial pressure. The prevalence estimates, likely to be conservative due to selective reporting, are expected to be helpful in counseling patients.
Computer‐Assisted three‐dimensional reconstruction of epithelial cells attached to percutaneous implants (1995)

It is generally accepted that cell shape plays a pivotal role in many aspects of cell behavior including proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression. Although previous reports have shown that implant-surface topography can alter cell shape in vitro, in vivo evidence for such an effect is largely based on intuitive interpretation of two-dimensional histological sections. The objective of this in vivo study was to develop a method to reconstruct in three dimensions the shape of epithelial cells attached to smooth and micromachined implant surfaces. Titanium-coated epoxy replicas of smooth and 10-microns-deep micromachined grooved surfaces were implanted percutaneously in the parietal region of rats. After 7 days the implants and attached tissue were removed and processed for light and electron microscopy. One-micrometer-thick serial histological sections were used to trace and digitize cells and their nuclei into a Hewlett Packard computer. Three-dimensional images were reconstructed and rotated to measure length, width, height, area, orientation index and the angle cells or nuclei formed with the long axis of the grooves (XY angle), and the angle cells or nuclei formed with the long axis of the implant (XZ angle). Epithelial cells attached to the smooth surfaces were found to be significantly (P < .05) flatter and more spread than were the cells attached to the grooved surfaces. Cells on the smooth surfaces were aligned parallel with the long axis of the implant, whereas on the grooved surfaces cells were oriented obliquely with the implant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pathoanatomy and Pathophysiology of Nerve Root Compression (1984)

The anatomy and physiology of the nerve root complex in the lumbar spine are reviewed, with special reference to the effects of mechanical deformation of nerve roots in association with intervertebral disc herniation and spinal stenosis. Biomechanical aspects of nerve root deformation induced by compression are discussed. The functional changes induced by compression can be caused by mechanical nerve fiber deformation but also may be a consequence of changes in nerve root microcirculation, leading to ischemia and formation of intraneural edema. Nerve root compression can, by different neurophysiologic mechanisms, induce motor weakness and altered sensibility or pain. Intraneural edema and demyelination seem to be critical factors for the production of pain in association with nerve root compression.
A privacy preserving Jaccard similarity function for mining encrypted data (2009)

Due to advances in data collection and increasing dependency on data mining experts, preserving privacy of the data is a major concern when mining the data. Most of the classifier implementations for data mining have the tradeoff between classification accuracy and maintenance of data privacy. Another important aspect in distance-based classifiers is to accurately compute distance (or similarity) between two or more data points. In privacy preserving data mining techniques, providing a suitable distance measure to classify the data while maintaining data privacy is a challenging task. In this paper, we present an approach to compute similarity between two encrypted data points. We augmented Jaccard similarity function with Private Equality Test protocol facilitating a semi honest third party to conduct the equality test. The proposed privacy preserving scheme provides an efficient mechanism for similarity computation with reduced communication cost for mining the data.
Process compilation of thin film microdevices (1996)

This paper describes a systematic method for the automatic generation of fabrication processes of thin film devices. The method uses a partially ordered set (poset) representation of device topology describing the order between its various components in the form of a directed acyclic graph. The sequence in which these components are fabricated is determined from the poset linear extensions, and the component sequence is expanded into a corresponding process flow. The graph-theoretic synthesis method is powerful enough to establish existence and multiplicity of flows thus creating a design space D suitable for optimization. The cardinality /spl par/D/spl par/ for a device with N components is large with a worst case /spl par/D/spl par//spl les/(N-1)! yielding in general a combinatorial explosion of solutions. The number of solutions is controlled through a priori estimates of /spl par/D/spl par/ and condensation of the device graph. The method has been implemented in the computer program MISTIC (Michigan Synthesis Tools for Integrated Circuits) which calculates specific process parameters using an internal database of process modules and materials. Currently, MISTIC includes process modules for deposition, lithography, etching, ion implantation, coupled simultaneous diffusions, and reactive growth. The compilation procedure was applied to several device structures. For a double metal twin-well BiCMOS structure, the compiler generated 168 complete process flows.
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EFFECT OF VERGENCE ON FIXATION DISPARITY — A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION* (1956)

Arner, Robert S.; Berger, Sanford I.; Braverman, Gustave; Kaplan, Manual Author Information
Severe Reversible Hyperglycemia as a Consequence of Niacin Therapy (1993)

Hypocholesterolemic drug therapy has become a major focus of cardiovascular medicine because recent evidence has demonstrated that optimization of serum lipid levels results in decreased atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk. Niacin, a B-complex vitamin, is capable of lowering total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels while simultaneously raising serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, the use of niacin can be complicated by the development of hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia, and modest hyperglycemia. A patient is described who had an excellent lipid response to niacin therapy but developed the previously undescribed complication of severe, life-threatening hyperglycemia. Therefore, despite its low cost and demonstrated efficacy, because of potential very toxic side effects, niacin therapy needs to be carefully monitored.
Structural Characterization of a Cyclohexamericmeta-Phenyleneethynylene Made by Alkyne Metathesis with In Situ Catalysts (2000)

Hexamere Cyclophenylenethinylene (CPEs 1) wurden durch Alkinmetathese meta-dipropinylierter Benzole synthetisiert. Nach Umsetzung der CPE-Derivate (R1=tert-Butyl, Hexyl, Dodecyl; R2=H, Methyl) mit [Os3(CO)10(MeCN)2] zu Decacarbonyltriosmium-CPE-Komplexen verlieren die Ringe, belegt durch Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalysen, ihre ursprüngliche Planarität.
Expression of a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, TROY, in the developing olfactory system (2004)

TROY is a recently identified member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. We have previously reported that TROY induces the activation of nuclear factor kappaB via TNF receptor-associated factor 2, 5, and 6, and is strongly expressed in the developing central nervous system, including the olfactory bulb. In this study, we investigated the detailed cellular characterization of TROY-expressing cells in the developing olfactory system of mice using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Both mRNA and protein of TROY were first detected in the olfactory nerve layer (ONL) of the olfactory bulb at embryonic day 13.5. During late embryogenesis, TROY expression was most intense in the inner ONL (ONL-i). In the postnatal olfactory bulb, TROY-expressing cells were also detected in the glomerular layer (GL), in addition to the ONL-i. The double-immunofluorescence method demonstrated that TROY was expressed in olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) of the ONL-i, which were positive for neuropeptide Y (NPY), but neither S-100 nor p75 low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor. Some TROY-expressing cells in the ONL-i were observed with the astrocyte-like phenotype (GFAP+/NPY-). In addition, TROY was also detected in GFAP+ glial cells of the GL. Thus, TROY was expressed in some specific subsets of glial cells in the olfactory bulb, including OECs, suggesting that TROY may play some roles in the developing and adult olfactory system.
Molybdoenzymes and Molybdenum Cofactor in Plants (1999)

Abstract The transition element molybdenum is essential for (nearly) all organisms and occurs in more than 30 enzymes catalyzing diverse redox reactions; however, only three Mo-enzymes have been found in plants so far. (1) Nitrate reductase catalyzes the key step in inorganic nitrogen assimilation, (2) aldehyde oxidase(s) recently have been shown to catalyze the last step in the biosynthesis of the phytohormones indole acetic acid and abscisic acid, respectively, and (3) xanthine dehydrogenase is involved in purine catabolism. These enzymes are homodimeric proteins harboring an electron transport chain that involves different prosthetic groups (FAD, heme, or Fe-S, Mo). Among different Mo-enzymes, the alignment of amino acid sequences helps to define regions that are well conserved (domains) and other regions that are highly variable in sequence (interdomain hinge regions). The existence of additional plant Mo-enzymes (like sulfite oxidase) also has to be considered. In this review we focus on structure-function relationships and stress the functional importance of the enzymes for the plant. With the exception of bacterial nitrogenase, Mo-enzymes share a similar pterin compound at their catalytic sites, the molybdenum cofactor. Molybdenum itself seems to be biologically inactive unless it is complexed by the cofactor. This molybdenum cofactor combines with diverse apoproteins where it is responsible for the correct anchoring and positioning of the Mo-center within the holo-enzyme so that the Mo-center can interact with other components of the enzyme's electron transport chain. The organic moiety of the molybdenum cofactor is a unique pterin named molybdopterin. The core structure of molybdopterin is conserved in all organisms. Accordingly, its biosynthetic pathway seems to be conserved because a similar set of cofactor genes has been found in bacteria and higher plants. We describe a model for the biosynthesis of the plant molybdenum cofactor involving the complex interaction of seven proteins. Keywords: nitrate reductasealdehyde oxidasexanthine dehydrogenasesulfite oxidaseabscisic acidindole acetic acid.
Assessment of Biofeedback Training for Emotion Management Through Wearable Textile Physiological Monitoring System (2015)

Negative emotion has a wide range of pernicious impacts on people, ranging from the failure in real-time task performance to the development of chronic health conditions. An unobtrusive wearable biofeedback system for personalized emotional management has been designed and presented in this paper. The system integrated heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback to wearable biosensor platform, which could function both as an early stress warning system as well as a visual interface to manipulate subject's affective state. The designed and developed system would help subject to transform the negative emotion state into positive through real-time HRV biofeedback training. The results indicated that the real-time HRV biofeedback is significantly effective in cases of negative emotion. With the aid of the developed biofeedback system, the subhealth subjects could transform heart rhythm from negative emotion to positive emotion-related oscillation mode.
The Calculus of Retirement Income: Financial Models for Pension Annuities and Life Insurance (2006)

This 2006 book introduces and develops the basic actuarial models and underlying pricing of life-contingent pension annuities and life insurance from a unique financial perspective. The ideas and techniques are then applied to the real-world problem of generating sustainable retirement income towards the end of the human life-cycle. The role of lifetime income, longevity insurance, and systematic withdrawal plans are investigated in a parsimonious framework. The underlying technology and terminology of the book are based on continuous-time financial economics by merging analytic laws of mortality with the dynamics of equity markets and interest rates. Nonetheless, the book requires a minimal background in mathematics and emphasizes applications and examples more than proofs and theorems. It can serve as an ideal textbook for an applied course on wealth management and retirement planning in addition to being a reference for quantitatively-inclined financial planners
Fuel-efficient navigation in complex flows (2008)

In realistic time-chaotic flows, the time-dependent separatrices are revealed by Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS). The LCS surfaces organize complex flows, revealing dynamical channels useful for weakly propelled mobile agents. We propose a feedback control strategy to explicitly incorporate LCS, which are in general evolving. Inanc et al. (2005) observed that the fuel optimal trajectory in ocean flow seems to lie on a moving LCS surface. We take this observation a step further by explicitly incorporating the moving LCS location into the control strategy. We have the vehicle track an LCS surface, considering this a time-dependent boundary following problem, with the aim of following lanes of fuel-efficient motion delineated by LCS surfaces. We demonstrate this strategy in a double-gyre flow and find that indeed a strategy using LCS is feasible and uses less fuel than a naive direct targeting approach.
Enabling interactive and collaborative oil reservoir simulations on the Grid (2005)

Abstract Grid‐enabled infrastructures and problem‐solving environments can significantly increase the scale, cost‐effectiveness and utility of scientific simulations, enabling highly accurate simulations that provide in‐depth insight into complex phenomena. This paper presents a prototype of such an environment, i.e. an interactive and collaborative problem‐solving environment for the formulation, development, deployment and management of oil reservoir and environmental flow simulations in computational Grid environments. The project builds on three independent research efforts: (1) the IPARS oil reservoir and environmental flow simulation framework; (2) the NetSolve Grid engine; and (3) the Discover Grid‐based computational collaboratory. Its primary objective is to demonstrate the advantages of an integrated simulation infrastructure towards effectively supporting scientific investigation on the Grid, and to investigate the components and capabilities of such an infrastructure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutations in the<i>pol</i>Gene of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Infected Patients Receiving Didanosine and Hydroxyurea Combination Therapy (1997)

The pattern of mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains that confer resistance to didanosine (ddI) was analyzed in 2 groups of patients receiving either ddI monotherapy or ddI plus hydroxyurea (HU) combination therapy. Twelve patients receiving combination therapy and 8 receiving monotherapy were tested. Combinations of ddI plus HU did not prevent the onset of mutations, which emerged in 50% of the patients in this group compared with 25% of the ddI monotherapy group. In addition, in 1 patient from the combination therapy arm, who had a limited response to the therapy, an unusual pattern of mutations was found: the insertion of 2 amino acids between residues 69 and 70, a region critical for resistance to nucleoside analogs. The higher efficacy of the combination of HU and ddI compared with that of ddI monotherapy cannot be attributed to a delayed or decreased onset of resistance to ddI.
Identification of BlaR, the signal transducer for beta-lactamase production in Bacillus licheniformis, as a penicillin-binding protein with strong homology to the OXA-2 beta-lactamase (class D) of Salmonella typhimurium (1990)

The blaR gene of Bacillus licheniformis encodes the signal transducer for induction of the class A beta-lactamase. The protein product, BlaR, has a hydrophilic carboxy region that binds beta-lactams and shows high sequence homology to the class D beta-lactamases, particularly the OXA-2 beta-lactamase of Salmonella typhimurium. The BlaR-beta-lactam complex is stable and may provide the continuing stimulus needed for the prolonged production of the enzyme.