gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Between microscopic and mesoscopic descriptions of twin–twin interaction (2006)

Abstract On a microscopic scale, deformation twinning is carried by the motion of twinning disconnections. A disconnection is an interfacial line defect characterized by a Burgers vector, a line vector, and a step vector. The Burgers vector (dislocation component of the disconnection) carries the deformation while the step vector (ledge component) carries the transformation from one twin variant to the other. On a mesoscopic scale, the deformation produced by twinning is a simple shear. A moving disclination dipole provides a mesoscopic model accounting for the twinning shear. Twin – twin interaction processes including the intersection of twins, the formation of structured twins, and the nucleation of cracks, may feature very complex mechanisms when analyzed on a microscopic scale. It turns out, however, that these mechanisms are controlled by the properties of large disconnection groups containing up to 10 000 disconnections and more. These properties are sufficiently well approximated in the disclination dipole model. The disclination model for twin – twin interaction predicts orientation and volume fractions of secondary twins. The model also predicts the nucleation of cracks and crack growth. The disclination model was used to analyze the ductile-to-brittle transition of austenitic steel deformed at low temperature. The mesoscopic disclination model for twinning is successful because it accounts for the properties and mechanisms of disconnection groups.
Gene Transfer of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Improves Relaxation of Carotid Arteries From Diabetic Rabbits (2000)

Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of eNOS, but not SOD, improves impaired NO-mediated relaxation in vessels from diabetic rabbits.
Using an image tree to assist stereo matching (2003)

The method known as SSD, sum of squared difference, is a popular and moderately robust method for dense stereo matching, but it has several known limitations. Various refinements have been proposed, including actively changing the window shape during processing and multi-resolution analysis. We use the multi-scale tree representation of the image to generate window shapes that are well matched to image objects. We use the structure of the tree to refine our disparity search, creating a disparity tree. This tree is a close representation of the objects in the scene, and is a step towards creating a symbolic representation of objects within a scene. We find that the new method performs particularly well in regions of low texture: operating conditions that cause conventional methods to fail.
Primary structure of the essential replicon of the plasmid pSC101. (1983)

The replicon of the low copy number plasmid pSC101 has an obligatory requirement for the dnaA initiator protein of Escherichia coli as well as a plasmid-encoded initiator protein. We have identified the cistron of the plasmid-encoded initiator by DNA sequence analysis. Fusion of the initiator cistron with the lacZ gene of E. coli yielded a fusion protein of approximately equal to 150 kilodaltons, thus confirming that the open reading frame detected by DNA sequence analysis actually encoded a 37.5-kilodalton protein. Deletion of 26 amino acid residues from the COOH terminus of the plasmid initiator abolished autonomous replication from pSC101 origin. By in vitro deletion analysis we have shown that, although sequences downstream from the initiator cistron are dispensable, a maximum of 400 base pairs immediately upstream from the NH2-terminal region of the initiator is necessary for plasmid replication. These upstream sequences contain an A + T-rich region and three tandem repeats of a 21-base pair sequence; these features are characteristics of other replication origins.
The NAT Handbook: Implementing and Managing Network Address Translation (2001)

What's NAT? The Mechanics of NAT. NAT's Not for Everyone. The Management Case for NAT. Dynamic and Static NAT. Firewalls, Routers, and NAT. Making Applications Work with NAT. NAT and DNS. Public and Private Addressing. NAT and Routing. Load Balancing and NAT. The Crisis in IP Addressing. NAT and Security. NAT and Virtual Private Networks. Realm-Specific IP and NAT. Planning for NAT. Case Study: Moving to Private Addressing. Case Study: NAT Load Balancing. The Future of NAT. Bibliography. Index.
Influence of the Counterion and the Solvent Molecules in the Spin Crossover System [Co(4-terpyridone)<sub>2</sub>]X<i><sub>p</sub></i>·<i>n</i>H<sub>2</sub>O (2006)

A series of new complexes belonging to the [Co(4-terpyridone)2]X(p) x nS family (4-terpyridone = 2,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-4(1H)-pyridone) have been synthesized and characterized, using X-ray single crystal determination and magnetic susceptibility studies, to be X = [BF4]- (p = 2) and S = H2O for polymorphs 1 and 2, X = [BF4]- (p = 1) and [SiF6]2- (p = 0.5) and S = CH(3)OH for 3, X = [SiF6]2- (p = 1) and S = 3CH3OH and H2O for 4, X = [Co(NCS)4]2- (p = 1) and S = 0.5CH3OH for 5, X = I- (p = 2) and S = 5H2O for 6, X = [PF6]- (p = 1) for 7, and X = [NO3]- (p = 2) for 8. Compounds 1-7 can be grouped in three sets according to the space group in which they crystallize: (i) P1 triclinic (1, 3), (ii) P2(1) monoclinic (2), and (iii) P2(1)/c monoclinic (4-7). The tridentate 4-terpyridone ligands coordinate the Co(II) ions in a mer fashion defining essentially tetragonally compressed [CoN6] octahedrons. The Co-N axial bonds involving the pyridone rings are markedly shorter than the Co-N equatorial bonds collectively denoted as Co-N(central) and Co-N(distal), respectively. The differences in the average Co-N(central) or Co-N(distal) distances observed for 1-7 reflect the different spin states of Co(II). Complexes 7 and 4' are fully high spin (HS), while 5 and 6 are low spin (LS). However, the counterion [Co(NCS)4]2- in complex 5 is high spin. Complexes 1, 2, 3, and 8 exhibit spin-crossover behavior in the 400-100 K temperature region. Compounds 1 and 2 are polymorphs, and interestingly, 1 irreversibly transforms into 2 above 340 K because of a crystallographic phase transition which involves a drastic modification of the crystal packing. The relevant thermodynamic parameters associated with the spin transition of polymorph 2 have been estimated using the regular solution theory leading to DeltaH = 3.04 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS = 20 J K(-1) mol(-1), and Gamma = 0.95 kJ mol(-1).
More about quantitative trait locus mapping with diallel designs (2000)

We present a general regression-based method for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) by combining different populations derived from diallel designs. The model expresses, at any map position, the phenotypic value of each individual as a function of the specific-mean of the population to which the individual belongs, the additive and dominance effects of the alleles carried by the parents of that population and the probabilities of QTL genotypes conditional on those of neighbouring markers. Standard linear model procedures (ordinary or iteratively reweighted least-squares) are used for estimation and test of the parameters.
Spatial extension of the Reality Mining Dataset (2010)

Data captured from a live cellular network with the real users during their common daily routine help to understand how the users move within the network. Unlike the simulations with limited potential or expensive experimental studies, the research in user-mobility or spatio-temporal user behavior can be conducted on publicly available datasets such as the Reality Mining Dataset. These data have been for many years a source of valuable information about social interconnection between users and user-network associations. However, an important, spatial dimension is missing in this dataset. In this paper, we present a methodology for retrieving geographical locations matching the GSM cell identifiers in the Reality Mining Dataset, an approach base on querying the Google Location API. A statistical analysis of the measure of success of locations retrieval is provided. Further, we present the LAC-clustering method for detecting and removing outliers, a heuristic extension of general agglomerative hierarchical clustering. This methodology enables further, previously impossible analysis of the Reality Mining Dataset, such as studying user mobility patterns, describing spatial trajectories and mining the spatio-temporal data.
Image processing of particle detection for asbestos qualitative analysis support method -Particle counting system based on classification of background area- (2008)

In this paper, we propose the technique classifying background area automatically by calculating the color variance in the RGB space of the picture. By this technique, the background classification robust to change of the background brightness and the background color was enabled. Moreover, we show the effectiveness of this technique by performing particle detection and verifying the result of counting. We aim at development of the particle detector which performs particle counting automatically about the “dispersion staining method” which is one of the processes of asbestos analysis. We used the pictures taken by phase contrast microscopy used for a “dispersion staining method.”
Application of One-Trip Multi-Zone Gravel Pack to Maximize Completion Efficiency (2000)

Abstract This paper uses case histories from several 3- and 4-zone gravel packed wells in The Peoples Republic of China's Jinzhou 9-3 (JZ9-3) Bohai Bay field to address the potential of one-trip multi-zone gravel packing. Objectives included improvement of economic margins in development wells by maximizing efficiency and reducing rig time for completion operations. The paper describes the operational and reservoir parameters that led to successful application of this technique during development of the JZ9-3 field. Based on this study, the authors provide guidelines for application of the technology to other reservoirs and compare rig times with those of more conventional methods currently used to complete multi-zone wells. The scope of the project did allow for some optimizations to be made both in operations and in design of the system. These enhancements resulted in a system that can be used for zones of varying length. The system also allows gravel placement across each individual zone to be performed either below or above fracture pressure, while maintaining total pressure isolation from all other zones. Data are presented that show the actual average time saved in excess of 50 percent for 4-zone gravel packed wells.
Glycosaminoglycans enhance megakaryocytopoiesis by modifying the activities of hematopoietic growth regulators (1996)

We have previously reported that heparin is capable of stimulating in vitro and in vivo megakaryocytopoiesis in mice and has a thrombopoietic effect when given in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura and that heparin and several other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) promote the growth of human megakaryoblastic cell lines in the presence of serum. We show here that GAGs, including heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), and hyaluronic acid (HA), also stimulate in vitro growth of murine megakaryocyte progenitors and augment the diameter of individual megakaryocytes in the presence of serum. However, in a serum-free agar system, the GAGs alone had no effect on megakaryocyte colony formation, suggesting that GAGs cooperate with some serum factor(s) to exert their activity. We also show that heparin significantly potentiates the megakaryocytopoietic activity of C-Mpl ligand and interleukin (IL)-6 but not IL3, GM-CSF, SCF, and Epo. In addition, the GAGs significantly neutralize the inhibitory action of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) on megakaryocyte colony growth. These results demonstrate a stimulating activity of GAGs on megakaryocytopoiesis by modifying the activity of several growth-regulating factors.
Receptor-mediated targeting of magnetic nanoparticles using insulin as a surface ligand to prevent endocytosis (2003)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been used for many years as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents or in drug delivery applications. Tissue and cell-specific drug targeting by these nanoparticles can be achieved by employing nanoparticle coatings or carrier-drug conjugates that contain a ligand recognized by a receptor on the target cell. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with specific shape and size have been prepared and coupled to insulin for their targeting to cell expressed surface receptors and thereby preventing the endocytosis. The influence of these nanoparticles on human fibroblasts is studied using various techniques to observe cell-nanoparticle interaction that includes light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy studies. The derivatization of the nanoparticle surface with insulin-induced alterations in cell behavior that were distinct from the underivatized nanoparticles suggests that cell response can be directed via specifically engineered particle surfaces. The results from cell culture studies showed that the uncoated particles were internalized by the fibroblasts due to endocytosis, which resulted in disruption of the cell membrane. In contradiction, insulin-coated nanoparticles attached to the cell membrane, most likely to the cell-expressed surface receptors, and were not endocytosed. The presence of insulin on the surface of the nanoparticles caused an apparent increase in cell proliferation and viability. One major problem with uncoated nanoparticles has been the endocytosis of particles leading to irreversible entry. These results provide a route to prevent this problem. The derivatized nanoparticles show high affinity for cell membrane and opens up new opportunities for magnetic cell separation and recovery that may be of crucial interest for the development of cellular therapies.
NPA: A CURSE FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR (2016)

Across the globe, the banking sector acts as the catalyst for each country’s economy. A well-built banking sector is significant for a prosperous economy but Non Performing Assets (NPA) is like a virus, which is affecting all the banking sectors in the whole world. The expansion of NPAs has a direct impact on liquidity and profitability of banks. In the context of Indian banking sector has been facing this serious problem of Non Performing Assets (NPAs) because it is a threat on quality of assets and survival of banks. A high level of NPAs suggests high probability of a large number of credit defaults that affect the profitability and net-worth of banks and also erodes the value of the asset. The problem of NPAs is not only affecting the banks but also the whole economy of the country. So, it is necessary to trim down NPAs to improve the financial health in the banking system. For this purpose, the recommendations of Narasimham Committee, Verma Committee and other implementation like Lok Adalats, DRTs, SARFAESI Act 2002 have been taken some valuable steps to solve the problem of NPAs. An attempt is made in this paper through these points e.g. concept of NPA, it types, rising factors, impact, NPA in SCBs and their recovery by various channels.
Bayesian Structure-Preserving Image Contrast Enhancement and its Simplification (2011)

In this paper, an efficient Bayesian framework is proposed for image contrast enhancement. Based on the image acquisition pipeline, we model the image enhancement problem as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation problem, where the posteriori probability is formulated based on the local information of the given image. In our framework, we express the likelihood model as a local image structure preserving constraint, where the overall effect of the shutter speed and camera response function is approximated as a linear transformation. On the other hand, we design the prior model based on the observed image and some statistical property of natural images. With the proposed framework, we can effectively enhance the contrast of the image in a natural-looking way, while with fewer artifacts at the same time. Moreover, in order to apply the proposed MAP formulation to typical enhancement problems, like image editing, we further convert the estimation process into an intensity mapping process, which can achieve comparable enhancement performance with a much lower computational complexity. Simulation results have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed framework in providing flexible and effective contrast enhancement.
Electron transfer dissociation of doubly sodiated glycerophosphocholine lipids (2007)

The ability to generate gaseous doubly charged cations of glycerophosphocholine (GPC) lipids via electrospray ionization has made possible the evaluation of electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) for their structural characterization. Doubly sodiated GPC cations have been reacted with azobenzene radical anions in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. The ion/ion reactions proceed through sodium transfer, electron-transfer, and complex formation. Electron-transfer reactions are shown to give rise to cleavage at each ester linkage with the subsequent loss of a neutral quaternary nitrogen moiety. Electron-transfer without dissociation produces [M + 2Na](+.) radical cations, which undergo collision-induced dissociation (CID) to give products that arise from bond cleavage of each fatty acid chain. The CID of the complex ions yields products similar to those produced directly from the electron-transfer reactions of doubly sodiated GPC, although with different relative abundances. These findings indicate that the analysis of GPC lipids by ETD in conjunction with CID can provide some structural information, such as the number of carbons, degree of unsaturation for each fatty acid substituent, and the positions of the fatty acid substituents; some information about the location of the double bonds may be present in low intensity CID product ions.
Preliminary Results on Molecular Modeling of Asphaltenes Using Structure Elucidation Programs in Conjunction with Molecular Simulation Programs (1996)

Molecular modeling using structure elucidation programs in conjunction with molecular simulation programs has been performed on asphaltene molecules, the heaviest fraction of crude oil, in order to obtain a chemical model allowing us to tentatively study their physicochemical properties. We have analyzed Boscan asphaltenes (Venezuela) derived from a marine source rock. The different steps of this molecular modeling are described. First, a 3-D chemical representation of Boscan asphaltene is defined from an analytical data set. Second, the results of molecular dynamic simulations indicate that only a few stable conformations are possible due to the high reticulation of the model of the asphaltene unit obtained.
Control of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Action by Regulation of IGF-I Receptor Expression. (1996)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) control many aspects of growth, development and differentiation, and aberrant IGF action is implicated in a number of pathological states. Most of the actions of both IGF-I and IGF-II are mediated by their activation of the IGF-I receptor, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is structurally and functionally related to the insulin receptor. Control of the IGF-I receptor number at the cell surface is an important level at which IGF action can be regulated. Cell-surface receptor number, in turn, is principally determined by the level of expression of the IGF-I receptor gene. An important transcriptional regulatory factor that appears to be responsible for controlling IGF-I receptor gene expression is the product of the WT1 Wilms tumor suppressor gene. This latter protein functions by binding to specific sequences in the IGF-I receptor promoter and repressing transcription. During normal renal development, increased expression of the WT1 gene leads to repression of IGF-I receptor gene expression, allowing differentiation of the metanephrogenic blastema into renal epithelium. Persistent receptor expression due to mutational loss of WT1 function may contribute to the etiology of Wilms tumor. Decreased WT1 expression and subsequent up-regulation of the IGF-I receptor has also been implicated in non-malignant proliferative disorders such as benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Quick Estimate of Initial Production from Stimulated Reservoirs with Complex Hydraulic Fracture Network (2011)

Abstract Models of complex fracture networks created by hydraulic fracturing stimulation have been developed to analyze fracture network growth and proppant placement, mostly for wells drilled into shale gas or tight sand gas reservoirs. However, there is still a lack of quick solutions for estimating the rate of production from these wells analytically. This paper presents a few simplified analytic well production models developed recently based on the laws of mass and momentum conservation, including: The relative magnitude of pressure drops along fractures and across shale formation The effect of a damaged fracture surface layer on production Solutions for gas flow from reservoir formation into a fracture or parallel fractures with transient fracture fluid pressure Scaling of the rate of this flow with time and fracture spacing Coupling of fluid flows from reservoir formation into and along fractures of a complex hydraulic fracture network The models were validated against numerical simulations using a commercial simulator for gas production from a single planar fracture, a cluster of parallel fractures and a wiremesh fracture network. These analytical models provide fast and convenient tools for fracturing job design and post-job analysis of hydraulic fracturing stimulation. They may also find potential applications to broader areas.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands (2005)

(R)-Proline catalyzes the amination reaction of functionalized indane carboxaldehydes and allows for the efficient enantioselective synthesis (>99% ee) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands (S)-AIDA and (S)-APICA. [reaction: see text]
The Fascination of What’s Difficult: A Survey of Yeats Criticism and Research (1965)

An account of yeats criticism from the reception of his earliest verse to, say, 1950 would make an interesting and rewarding study. The Wanderings of Oisin was well received by those who, like Oscar Wilde, were quick to note the emergence of a poet of distinction, while subsequent volumes commanded the respectful attention of three generations of critics. Even so, his reputation was by no means securely established at the time of his death. In 1939 he was still regarded primarily as the poet of Ireland, the dominant influence behind the Abbey Theatre and the Irish Literary Movement. As Nobel Prize winner and former Senator of the Irish Free State he was as much public figure as poet. The qualities of the later poetry were not widely recognized; the plays were felt to be no more than interesting experiments in an uncongenial medium; much of the prose writings were dismissed as the aberration of genius. The popular image was still that of the Pre-Raphaelite young man of the early portraits, or of the stern old man whose strange, lilting tones had sometimes been heard over the B.B.C.
Improving Graph-based Dependency Parsing with Decision History (2010)

This paper proposes an approach to improve graph-based dependency parsing by using decision history. We introduce a mechanism that considers short dependencies computed in the earlier stages of parsing to improve the accuracy of long dependencies in the later stages. This relies on the fact that short dependencies are generally more accurate than long dependencies in graph-based models and may be used as features to help parse long dependencies. The mechanism can easily be implemented by modifying a graphbased parsing model and introducing a set of new features. The experimental results show that our system achieves state-ofthe-art accuracy on the standard PTB test set for English and the standard Penn Chinese Treebank (CTB) test set for Chinese. 1