gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet aggregation in the cerebral microcirculation: effect of aspirin and other agents. (1977)

After a certain period of time filtered ultraviolet light produces platelet aggregation in microvessels on the cerebral surface of the mouse, but only when sodium fluorescein is first injected intravascularly to provide a light-absorbing, heat-generating target. The platelet aggregates fluoresce. They occur only in the illuminated field and adhere to arteriolar and venular walls. Vasoconstriction is not detected prior to or up to 30 seconds after aggregation. Electron microscopy reveals damaged endothelium and undamaged red cells, as well as aggregates consisting almost exclusively of platelets in varying stages of aggregation, pseudopod formation, and degranulation. The time between onset of the noxious stimulus and recognition of the first aggregate can be measured as the vessels are observed microscopically. This "time of aggregation" is prolonged by pentobarbital as opposed to urethane anesthesia, and also is related to time elapsed after craniotomy. We also found that aspirin and indomethacin significantly prolong time to first aggregate, but only on the arteriolar side of the circulation. This is so even though the composition of the aggregates is the same on both the arteriolar and venular sides. Heparin has no effect.
Digital LSI: The Key to Refining the Automotive Audio System (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The distributed control system for the automotive audio equipment supported by digital LSI is described. Since the introduction of microcomputer, the operability of the automotive entertainment has been improved by employing the central control system. However, the central control system will not be able to follow the recent increase of the entertainment components such as compact disk player (CD), digital audio tape recorder (DAT), direct broadcasting system (DBS). The distributed control system under the bus structure reduces the load of the controllers and the wire count for interconnecting the components.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, perspective of modem, digital signal processor (DSP) and microcomputer which are the key devices of the distributed control system is also described. DSP will change the configuration of the audio components completely.</div>
Notizen Eine Synthese von Nornikotin‐ und Nikotin‐2‐carboxamid (1983)

A Synthesis for Nornicotine‐ and Nicotine‐2‐carboxamide 5‐(2‐Pyrrolidinyl)pyridine‐2‐carboxamide ( 6 ) (R = H) was prepared starting from readily available 4‐oxo‐4‐(3‐pyridyl)butyronitrile ( 4 ) in three steps in an overall yield of 33% and was methylated in a Leuckart‐Wallach reaction to yield 6 (R = CH 3 ) in 68% yield. The key step of the synthesis is the regioselective introduction of the carbamoyl group via Minisci reaction
Cladding of briquetting tools by hot isostatic pressing for wear resistance (2008)

In order to increase the wear resistance of tooling for the briquetting of minerals the surface should contain hard particles such as carbides, borides, or nitrides. The type, size, and volume fraction of the hard phases can be optimized based on the intended application. Cladding by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) is a well-established method for producing thick coatings on ferrous-base substrates, and coatings up to 35 mm in thickness are now standard. Successful applications of clad tools in briquetting suggest utilization of this technology for the fabrication of other wear-resistant components.
High prevalence of toxinogenic Clostridium difficile in Nigerian adult HIV patients (2011)

Clostridium difficile is the most commonly identified bacterial cause of nosocomial and HIV-related diarrhea. In many developing countries, antibiotic access is unregulated. Nigeria has the third highest HIV burden worldwide. Due to perceptions of low prevalence and resource incapacity, patients with diarrhea are not tested for toxinogenic C. difficile infection (CDI). In this pilot study which included 97 HIV-positive patients at two hospitals in Nigeria, the estimated prevalence of CDI was 43% and 14% for in-patients and out-patients respectively. HIV-positive out-patients were more likely to have toxinogenic CDI than non-HIV out-patients (P=0.007, Fisher's exact test).
Competitive intelligence, software robots and the Internet: the NewsAlert prototype (2002)

The Internet offers managers and executives a vast array of untapped data that can be applied to issues of competitive intelligence. The exponential growth in the Internet has made it virtually impossible for managers and executives to track these data with even the best Windows-based Internet tools. What is required is a proactive system that automatically and routinely monitors Internet data for patterns of interest and only notifies the end user when these patterns appear. At the core of these systems are software robots. In this paper we explore a robot-based "detect and alert" system called NewsAlert that delivers Internet alerts to the desktops of managers and executives in the form of a personalized electronic newspaper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CCM Modular Processor Users' Guide (Version PROC02) (1987)

This document is a complete description of the capabilities of the PROC02 version of the CCM Modular Processor, including all of the information needed to run the code on the Crays at NCAR. A few aspects of Processor design are discussed where appropriate, but there is no attempt to document the details of the code. This is a rewrite of the NCAR Tech Note TN-261+IA "CCM Modular Processor Users' Guide (Version PROCO1)", January 1986. A short description of PROC02 relative to PROCO1 is also available as NCAR Tech Note TN-296+IA "Differences Between the PROCO1 and PROC02 Versions of the CCM Modular Processor" October 1987.
Probabilistic Virtual Machine Assignment (2010)

Abstract—We cast the assignment of virtual machines (VMs) to physical servers as a variant of the classic bin packing problem. We then develop a model of VM load that can be used to produce assignments of VMs to servers. Using this problem formulation and model, we evaluate heuristic solutions to this problem. We evaluate the performance of these solutions in stochastic load environments. We verify the model proposed and show that it can be adapted to respond well to varying VM loads. Keywords-Energy optimization; Probabilistic Models I.
A New Subunit of the Epithelial Na+ Channel Identifies Regions Involved in Na+ Self-inhibition (2003)

The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is the apical entry pathway for Na+ in many Na+-reabsorbing epithelia. ENaC is a heterotetrameric protein composed of homologous alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. Mutations in ENaC cause severe hypertension or salt wasting in humans; and consequently, ENaC activity is tightly controlled. According to the concept of Na+ self-inhibition, the extracellular Na+ ion itself can reduce ENaC activity. The molecular basis for Na+ self-inhibition is unknown. Here, we describe cloning of a new ENaC subunit from Xenopus laevis (epsilonxENaC). epsilonxENaC can replace alphaxENaC and formed functional, highly selective, amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels when coexpressed with betaxENaC and gammaxENaC. Channels containing epsilonxENaC showed strong inhibition by extracellular Na+. This Na+ self-inhibition was significantly slower than for alphaxENaC-containing channels. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we show that the proximal part of the large extracellular domain controls the speed of self-inhibition. This suggests that this region is involved in conformational changes during Na+ self-inhibition.
Utility of the 2‐Nitrobenzenesulfonamide Group as a Chemical Linker for Enhanced Extracellular Stability and Cytosolic Cleavage in siRNA‐Conjugated Polymer Systems (2016)

Herein we report the 2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide group as a new chemical linker that responds to the difference in redox potential across the cellular membrane, toward the construction of siRNA-polymer conjugates. PEG-conjugated to siRNA via the 2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide group (PEG-sul-siRNA) exhibited highly selective siRNA release under intracellular conditions due to the exclusive presence of the GSH/GST combination in the cell. In addition, siRNA release from PEG-sul-siRNA under extracellular reductive conditions was dramatically suppressed relative to PEG-siRNA conjugates containing a conventional redox-sensitive disulfide linkage (PEG-disulfide-siRNA), indicating the enhanced extracellular stability of the 2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide group. The enhanced gene-silencing effect of PEG-sul-siRNA for cultured cells relative to PEG-siRNA, containing a non-cleavable carboxylic amide linkage (PEG-car-siRNA), confirmed the intracellular release of siRNA via the PEG-sul-siRNA system. These results suggest that the 2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide group could be a suitable chemical linker alternative to the conventional disulfide group.
<title>Subsampled vector quantization with nonlinear estimation using neural network approach</title> (1991)

An intraframe block coding scheme which is devoted to of using interblock redundancy and reducing the block effect is proposed. The scheme is based upon a combination of a nonlinear interpolation with transform and vector quantization techniques. Interblock redundancy is removed by extracting a pixel from each block as a common seed to interpolate the rest of the pixels of the neighboring blocks. The estimation error signals are reduced by nonlinear interpolation, which often results in no further processing requirements for some blocks. This saving compensates for the cost of transmitting the overhead of the estimation parameters.
POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY: The Host Selection Principle as Advanced by Walsh (1923)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Synthesis and evaluation of new polynuclear organometallic Ru(<scp>ii</scp>), Rh(<scp>iii</scp>) and Ir(<scp>iii</scp>) pyridyl ester complexes as in vitro antiparasitic and antitumor agents (2013)

New polynuclear organometallic Platinum Group Metal (PGM) complexes containing di- and tripyridyl ester ligands have been synthesised and characterised using analytical and spectroscopic techniques including (1)H, (13)C NMR and infrared spectroscopy. Reaction of these polypyridyl ester ligands with either [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2, [Rh(C5Me5)Cl2]2 or [Ir(C5Me5)Cl2]2 dimers yielded the corresponding di- or trinuclear organometallic complexes. The polyaromatic ester ligands act as monodentate donors to each metal centre and this coordination mode was confirmed upon elucidation of the molecular structures for two of the dinuclear complexes. The di- and trinuclear PGM complexes synthesized were evaluated for inhibitory effects on the human protozoal parasites Plasmodium falciparum strain NF54 (chloroquine sensitive), Trichomonas vaginalis strain G3 and the human ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780 (cisplatin-sensitive) and A2780cisR (cisplatin-resistant) cell lines. All of the complexes were observed to have moderate to high antiplasmodial activities and the compounds with the best activities were evaluated for their ability to inhibit formation of synthetic hemozoin in a cell free medium. The in vitro antitumor evaluation of these complexes revealed that the trinuclear pyridyl ester complexes demonstrated moderate activities against the two tumor cell lines and were also less toxic to model non-tumorous cells.
A new and alternate synthesis of Linezolid: An antibacterial agent (2011)

A New and alternate syntheses of Linezolid, an antibacterial agent are reported from by employing two different approaches and finalized the meritorious one. The key step in both the approaches involves N-alkylation of 3-fluoro-4-morpholinobenzenamine 3 with respective compounds by changing the leaving functionalities on other end and followed by functional group transformations yielded an antibacterial agent Linezolid. Among the both, later is more efficient one with respect to improved overall yield, easy process and less number of steps.
Cloned cDNA Probes for the Detection of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (1989)

The dot blot assay allowed detection of as little as 2 ng of RNA from purified virions as well as TSWV RNA present in total RNA extractions from 80 mg of infected leaves of Nicotiana rustica and in crude saps from 8 mg of the same plants. After a slight modification in the homogenization procedure, TSWV RNA was detected in crude extracts from 3 mg of infected tomato plants, by the dot blot assay. Viral RNA was also unambiguously detected in total RNA preparations from 5 g of infected tomato leaves by Northern blot hybridization
Rapid Redistribution of Auxin-Rregulated RNAs During Gravitropism (1989)

Gravitropism, the bending of plants in response to gravity, is caused by differential growth rates on two sides of a responding organ. The general belief, although somewhat controversial, is that auxins play a major role in gravitropism by controlling the rate of cell extension. The tissue print technique was used to ascertain the distribution of auxin-regulated RNAs during the gravitropic response of soybean hypocotyls. In vertically oriented seedlings, auxin-regulated RNAs are symmetrically distributed in the elongating region of the hypocotyl. In horizontally orientated seedlings the distribution becomes asymmetrical within 20 minutes and the greatest asymmetry coincides with the onset of rapid bending. The results provide a clear correlation between the dynamic expression of genes under auxin control and a morphogenetic phenomenon traditionally known as an auxin response.
Yeast synthetic biology for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins (2014)

The production of recombinant therapeutic proteins is one of the fast-growing areas of molecular medicine and currently plays an important role in treatment of several diseases. Yeasts are unicellular eukaryotic microbial host cells that offer unique advantages in producing biopharmaceutical proteins. Yeasts are capable of robust growth on simple media, readily accommodate genetic modifications, and incorporate typical eukaryotic post-translational modifications. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a traditional baker's yeast that has been used as a major host for the production of biopharmaceuticals; however, several nonconventional yeast species including Hansenula polymorpha, Pichia pastoris, and Yarrowia lipolytica have gained increasing attention as alternative hosts for the industrial production of recombinant proteins. In this review, we address the established and emerging genetic tools and host strains suitable for recombinant protein production in various yeast expression systems, particularly focusing on current efforts toward synthetic biology approaches in developing yeast cell factories for the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins.
New ionic liquids containing an appended hydroxyl functionality from the atom-efficient, one-pot reaction of 1-methylimidazole and acid with propylene oxide (2003)

New ionic liquids containing (2-hydroxypropyl)-functionalized imidazolium cations have been synthesized by the atom-efficient, room temperature reaction of 1-methylimidazole with acid and propylene oxide; the acid providing the anionic component of the resultant ionic liquids. The incorporation of the secondary hydroxyl-functionality in the cation causes some interesting modifications to the behavior of these ionic liquids, increasing hydrophilicity and resulting in the unprecedented formation of liquid–liquid biphases with acetone. The single crystal structure of 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium tetraphenylborate, prepared by metathesis of the corresponding chloride-containing ionic liquid, has also been determined.
On alternating current electrolysis (1920)

Abstract In the summer of 1915, Mr. E. Meigh, M. Sc., and the author, were engaged in some research dealing with the behaviour of bacteria under the action of electric fields. No definite conclusions were formed concerning the action of alternating electrostatic fields, and it was decided, therefore, to examine the effect of an alternating electric current on bacteria. It was noticed, however, that small bubbles of gas were formed at the electrodes, and, although these bubbles were not in the field of view of the microscope, nevertheless, they gave rise to a displacement of the volume of liquid under examination, this displacement masking completely any changes that might have occurred in the movement of the bacteria. This led to an investigation of the conditions under which such bubbles were formed, and, in the end, to a detailed examination by the author of some of the phenomena of alternating current electrolysis.
New opportunities in digital imaging systems (2002)

The widespread adoption of the Internet as a new paradigm for delivering client/server imaging applications has created exciting opportunities for digital imaging. This paper presents several examples of how Hewlett-Packard is building collaborative relationships with industry and universities to help meet the challenge. To encourage industries to collaborate on development of open industry standards, Hewlett-Packard has worked with industries to develop new image file formats and to contribute to imaging standardization activities. To encourage interdisciplinary collaborations in imaging research and education, Hewlett-Packard is supporting the development of university curricula that combine the disciplines of psychology, neuroscience, computer science and electrical engineering into a coherent engineering curriculum. To stimulate the development of new image processing methods, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories is investigating new approaches to image processing, such as Occam filtering and geometry driven partial differential equations for imaging.
The Metal Ion Binding Properties of Calreticulin Modulate Its Conformational Flexibility and Thermal Stability (2001)

Calreticulin (CRT) is a soluble chaperone involved in the conformational maturation of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Using biochemical and biophysical techniques including circular dichroism, proteolysis, and analytical ultracentrifugation, we have determined the effects of calcium and zinc ions on the structural properties of human CRT. Circular dichroism analysis has shown that the binding of calcium and zinc ions to CRT induces no significant changes in the secondary structure of the protein but affects in very distinct ways the local tertiary packing of these elements. More specifically, these studies have revealed that CRT adopts a more rigid and thermally stable structure upon binding calcium ions and a more loosely packed and thermally destabilized structure upon binding zinc ions. Consistent with these results, proteolysis experiments demonstrated that the intrinsic conformational flexibility of CRT can be modulated toward either a decrease or an increase in susceptibility to cleavage by chymotrypsin upon binding calcium or zinc ions, respectively. Results from sedimentation analysis indicated that the global three-dimensional structure of CRT is essentially unchanged upon binding calcium ions. In marked contrast, CRT self-associates reversibly to form dimers upon binding zinc ions. Collectively, our results provide evidence that calcium and zinc ions induce strikingly different changes in the biochemical and structural properties of CRT.
Immunoaffinity purification of factor VIII. (1989)

The development of factor VIII concentrates has greatly facilitated hemophilia care and has made the home care of hemophilia possible. However, factor VIII concentrate that has been produced using traditional methods contains large amounts of foreign proteins and viruses. This has resulted in the development of immunologic abnormalities in many hemophiliacs and has exposed many of these patients to blood-borne viruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis viruses. Factor VIII circulates in plasma in complex with the von Willebrand factor (vWF). Both factor VIII and vWF have been purified and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been generated to both of these proteins. When bound to a solid support, these mAb's can be used to isolate selectively the proteins of interest. Recently, two separate procedures have been used in the immunoaffinity purification of factor VIII on a commercial scale. One product (Monoclate) has been prepared using a mAb to the vWF bound to a chromatography column. The other product (Hemophil M) uses immobilized mAb to the factor VIII molecule. Factor VIII concentrate purified using either of these approaches is far more pure than traditional factor VIII concentrates. In addition, the use of both viral purification and viral inactivation procedures has greatly reduced the risk of viral contamination. Early clinical studies have demonstrated that these products are effective in treating bleeding episodes and that the risk of viral infection with HIV or hepatitis viruses is low. Factor VIII concentrate produced using mAb technology appears to be the product of choice in previously untransfused hemophiliacs. Its role in the treatment of patients who have already been infected with HIV is less clear.
Abstract of a paper on the Necessity for Isolating the Phthisical Insane (1900)

I have no intention of tracing the history of tuberculosis in asylums through the official obscurity of the past fifty years. This point has already received careful investigation at the hands of Dr. Crookshank in the admirable essay he has recently published; nor are we here concerned with any comparison between the mortality from tubercle among asylum inmates and the mortality from tubercle among the general population, inasmuch as deductions drawn therefrom are liable, among other errors, to those fallacies which occur when two communities whose environment and susceptibility differ are compared as regards the mortality of any particular disease.
Design of DC Architecture for Large-Scale Non-Grid-Connected Wind Power Generation System (2009)

In this paper, a dc architecture for large-scale nongrid-connected wind power generation system (WPGS) is presented. Unlike the existed wind farms, the proposed structure has the merits of eliminated reactive power, low power loss, long transfer distance, and etc. With the purpose to overcome the effects of integrating large wind power plants into utility systems, a creative concept of direct integration of high energy consumption industry (HECI) with large scale WPGS where the fluctuant power or whole power is consumed by the HECI. A three-phase full-bridge high power step-up dc/dc converter is adopted to meet the implementation of the system. Compared to the traditional single-phase full-bridge dc/dc converter, the presented converter features strong power management ability, high efficiency and flexible transformer design. With proper control strategy, both of the voltage level before and after the dc transformer can be stabilized with a closed-loop converter located at the receiving-end of the transmission system. Finally, a 200 MW wind farm is simulated with the proposed dc architecture. The results verify the feasibility of the presented WPCS and system control method.