gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Core−Shell Heterostructured Phase Change Nanowire Multistate Memory (2008)

Phase-change memory, which switches reversibly between crystalline and amorphous phases, is promising for next generation data-storage devices. In this work, we present a novel, nonbinary data-storage device using core-shell nanowires to significantly enhance memory capacity by combining two phase-change materials with different electronic and thermal properties to engineer different onsets of amorphous-crystalline transitions. Electric-field induced sequential amorphous-crystalline transition in core-shell nanowires displays three distinct electronic states with high, low, and intermediate resistances, assigned as data "0", "1", and "2".
Principles and guidelines for the design of eye/voice interaction dialogs (2002)

Pilots and operators of advanced military systems need better ways of interacting with their systems, including more efficient human-machine dialog and better physical interface devices and interaction techniques. The goal of the Eye/Voice Mission Planning Interface (EVMPI) research is to integrate voice recognition and eye-tracking technology with aviation displays in order to reduce the pilot's cognitive and manual workload. In its current state of development, the EVMPI technology allows an operator to gaze on user interface items of interest and issue verbal commands/queries that can be interpreted by the system, thus permitting hands-free operation of cockpit displays. This paper describes the concept for the EVMPI, presents general principles for integrating eye gaze and voice input in the form of human-computer interaction dialogs, and describes the architecture and current implementation of the system.
Neuroprotective agents in glaucoma therapy: recent developments and future directions (2010)

Glaucoma, globally the second most common cause of blindness and the commonest cause of preventable visual disability, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the retinal ganglion cells and their axons. While reduction of intraocular pressure remains the clinician’s principal method to treat this disease, such treatment is often only partly effective, or provokes unacceptable treatment-associated comorbidities. An alternative treatment paradigm is required to manage this problem more effectively. Neuroprotection aims to protect as yet undamaged, and to rescue already damaged neurons, from the glaucoma insult(s) to retinal ganglion cells. It has the potential to prevent retinal ganglion cell death independently of the particular factors that damage the optic nerve. Research laboratories worldwide have reported exciting developments in the search for potential neuroprotective agents. This article reviews what is known to date, as well as possible future directions.
Optical power limiting and stabilization based on a novel polymer compound (1998)

Optical power limiting and stabilization based on the two-photon absorption (TPA) mechanism is performed in a polymer solution excited by /spl sim/810 nm and /spl sim/7-ns laser pulses. The solute is a novel polymer, a poly(2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenylene ethynylene) derivative (EBO-OPPE). Using 1-cm path-length EHO-OPPE solution in chloroform of d/sub 0/=0.03 mol of repeat unit/liter as the nonlinear absorptive medium, the dynamic transmission changes from T=0.92 to 0.28 when the input intensity of the /spl sim/810-nm laser beam is increased from I/sub 0/=15 to 600 MW/cm/sup 2/. The measured nonlinear absorption coefficient is 14.5 cm/GW. Optical power stabilization is demonstrated at an average input intensity level of I/sub 0//spl ap/400 MW/cm/sup 2/ with a /spl Delta//spl ap//spl plusmn/25% peak-power fluctuation of the laser pulse. After passing through the nonlinear medium, the output peak-power fluctuation is reduced to /spl Delta//spl ap//spl plusmn/8%. The spectral-width effect of the input laser beam on the nonlinear absorption of the EHO-OPPE solution is investigated. For three different spectral structures of the input laser beam (single narrow spectral line, multiple spectral lines, and broad spectral band), measured values of TPA cross section for EHO-OPPE are /spl sigma//sub 2/=66, 80, and 101/spl times/10/sup -20/ cm/sup 4//GW, respectively. This means that EHO-OPPE is one of the best known nonlinear absorptive materials for power limiting purposes.
Research on Focal Figures-Oriented Sentimental Question Answering (2008)

Besides the related issues about sentiment, such as identifying opinion holders or sentiment polarity, the answers of the user's questions are more complicated and scattered in opinion or sentimental QA than in fact QA. In this paper, a lot of sentimental questions have been gathered from zhidao.baidu.com and five kinds of sentimental question types have been summarized according to the characteristics of the questions. Since sentimental questions are different from fact-based questions, the question classification method only based on the interrogative words is not fit for sentimental questions. So the method of the chunk-based CRF model combined with rules and semantic sentimental resources in sentimental question classification is used in this paper. In answer extraction step, answers are obtained by different methods based on various question types combined with the identification of the chunks and the sentimental polarities of the sentences.
Digital switching in the quantum domain (2002)

Presents a switching architecture such that digital data can be switched in the quantum domain. The proposed mechanism supports unicasting as well as multicasting, and is strict-sense nonblocking. In addition, with appropriate interface conversion, this architecture can also be used to switch classical information. This results in a quantum switch that can be used to build classical and quantum information networks. To present this idea, we define the connection digraph which can be used to describe the behavior of a switch at a given time, then we show how a connection digraph can be implemented using elementary quantum gates. Compared with a traditional space or time domain switch, the proposed switching mechanism is much more scalable. Assuming an n/spl times/n quantum switch, the space consumption grows linearly, i.e., O(n), while the time complexity is O(1) for unicasting, and O(log/sub 2/n) for multicasting. Based on these advantages, a high-throughput switching device can be built simply by increasing the number of I/O ports.
Novel Hemoglobins to Enhance Microaerobic Growth and Substrate Utilization in Escherichia coli (2001)

Limited oxygen availability is a prevalent problem in microbial biotechnology. Recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the hemoglobin from Vitreoscilla (VHb) or the flavohemoglobin from Ralstonia eutropha (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus) (FHP) demonstrate significantly increased cell growth and productivity under microaerobic conditions. We identify novel bacterial hemoglobin-like proteins and examine if these novel bacterial hemoglobins can elicit positive effects similar to VHb and FHP and if these hemoglobins alleviate oxygen limitation under microaerobic conditions when expressed in E. coli. Several finished and unfinished bacterial genomes were screened using R. eutropha FHP as a query sequence for genes (hmp) encoding hemoglobin-like proteins. Novel hmp genes were identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Deinococcus radiodurans, and Campylobacter jejuni. Previously characterized hmp genes from E. coli and Bacillus subtilis and the novel hmp genes from P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, C. jejuni, K. pneumoniae, and D. radiodurans were PCR amplified and introduced into a plasmid for expression in E. coli. Biochemically active hemoproteins were expressed in all constructs, as judged by the ability to abduct carbon monoxide. Growth behavior and byproduct formation of E. coli K-12 MG1655 cells expressing various hemoglobins were analyzed in microaerobic fed-batch cultivations and compared to plasmid-bearing control and to E. coli cells expressing VHb. The clones expressing hemoglobins from E. coli, D. radiodurans, P.aeruginosa, and S. typhi reached approximately 10%, 27%, 23%, and 36% higher final optical density values, respectively, relative to the plasmid bearing E. coli control (A(600) 5.5). E. coli cells expressing hemoproteins from P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, and D. radiodurans grew to similar final cell densities as did the strain expressing VHb (A(600) 7.5), although none of the novel constructs was able to outgrow the VHb-expressing E. coli strain. Additionally, increased yield of biomass on glucose was measured for all recombinant strains, and an approximately 2-fold yield enhancement was obtained with D. radiodurans hemoprotein-expressing E. coli relative to the E. coli control carrying the parental plasmid without any hemoglobin gene.
Designing visual appearance using a structured surface (2015)

We present an approach for designing nanostructured surfaces with prescribed visual appearances, starting at design analysis and ending with a fabricated sample. The method is applied to a silicon wafer structured using deep ultraviolet lithography and dry etching and includes preliminary design followed by numerical and experimental verification. The approach comprises verifying all design and fabrication steps required to produce a desired appearance. We expect that the procedure in the future will yield structurally colored surfaces with appealing prescribed visual appearances.
Version Control in Open Source Software (2014)

open source software is software whose source code is freely available for anyone. The Open source software can be redistributed to others users and they can use it according to their own needs. Version Control is the process which is most commonly development and with the help of this process ,a team of people may change the same files at the same time or at different time .Each Version is associated with a time stamp and the and persons making the change .There are many open source software like open Office, Mozilla Fire Fox etc .But inthis dissertion ,Jfreechart have been taken and the variation of classes in each version are observed .Various Metrics have been Observed with the help of CCC tool such as Line of Comments, coupling, number Of Children and the depth of inheritance tree
Edge detection through cooperation and competition (1991)

The system presented is an edge detector based on a simplified vertebrate retina model and on a constraint-satisfaction neural network implementation. The objective of this system is to produce long image-correlated edge segments. From a functional point of view a simplified vertebrate retina can be seen as a three-layer network. Light is received and encoded by the first layer, the image features are extracted by the second layer, and motion analysis is performed by the last layer. In the first layer, the image intensity gradient magnitude and direction evaluation are performed by the Sobel operator over the smoothed image. In the second layer, a competition and cooperation process is defined and executed in order to suppress noise effects and determine the relevant features. The feature extraction task model is composed of two synchronous subtasks, and is implemented by a constraint-satisfaction neural network. The model was simulated on a SUN-SPARC with four kinds of images. The edge segments generated by the competition and cooperation process are longer and thinner than the results of traditional edge detectors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vipirinin, a Coumarin-based HIV-1 Vpr Inhibitor, Interacts with a Hydrophobic Region of VPR (2011)

The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) viral protein R (Vpr) is an accessory protein that has been shown to have multiple roles in HIV-1 pathogenesis. By screening chemical libraries in the RIKEN Natural Products Depository, we identified a 3-phenyl coumarin-based compound that inhibited the cell cycle arrest activity of Vpr in yeast and Vpr-dependent viral infection of human macrophages. We determined its minimal pharmacophore through a structure-activity relationship study and produced more potent derivatives. We detected direct binding, and by assaying a panel of Vpr mutants, we found the hydrophobic region about residues Glu-25 and Gln-65 to be potentially involved in the binding of the inhibitor. Our findings exposed a targeting site on Vpr and delineated a convenient approach to explore other targeting sites on the protein using small molecule inhibitors as bioprobes.
Satellite debris - Recent measurements (1986)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
One- and Two-Dimensional Fluids: Properties of Smectic, Lamellar and Columnar Liquid Crystals (2006)

Smectic and lamellar liquid crystals are three-dimensional layered structures in which each layer behaves as a two-dimensional fluid. Because of their reduced dimensionality they have unique physical properties and challenging theoretical descriptions, and are the subject of much current research. One- and Two-Dimensional Fluids: Properties of Smectic, Lamellar and Columnar Liquid Crystals offers a comprehensive review of these phases and their applications. The book details the basic structures and properties of one- and two-dimensional fluids and the nature of phase transitions. The later chapters consider the optical, magnetic, and electrical properties of special structures, including uniformly and non-uniformly aligned anisotropic films, lyotropic lamellar systems, helical and chiral structures, and organic anisotropic materials. Topics also include typical and defective features, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical conductivity. The book concludes with a review of current and potential applications in the displays, materials science, and biomedical industries. Rather than focusing on one aspect of liquid crystal research, this book provides a cohesive summary of the properties and applications of smectic, lamellar, and columnar liquid crystals. One- and Two-Dimensional Fluids is a valuable resource for those working with liquid crystals every day and an effective foundation for newcomers to the field.
Temperature dependence of refractive characteristics of optical plastics (2010)

In this study we investigate the variation of refractive characteristics of optical plastics with temperature in the range of 10 to 50 oC. We have measured the indices of several optical polymers as Optorez 1330, Zeonex E48R, Polymethyl methacrylate, S-low styrene and Bayer by means of the deviation angle method. The obtained refractive index data is presented at five standard spectral lines in the visible region. A decrease of refractive index values with increasing temperature is observed. Dependence on measuring wavelength is also noticed. We have calculated the temperature coefficients of refractive indices of the studied optical plastics. Charts of refractive index of some of the materials versus temperature are presented. Temperature dependence of dispersion curves based on Cauchy-Schott's approximation and Abbe numbers is also considered.
The Employer Perspective of Managing Access to Federated Systems and the Need for an Ontological Approach (2020)

Identification, authentication, and authorization (IAA) play a significant role in federated identity management for disparate information systems (IS) within an organization. Although all three components are vital to system access control processes and help minimize unauthorized access to resources, authorization is the most cumbersome and time-consuming process (relative to identification and authentication) in many organizations today. However, most prior studies focus on the user perspective and only address authentication issues (e.g., single sign-on). In order to fill a gap in the literature, our work studies the organizational perspective of managing IS access and aims to address the issues associated with managing the authorization process. In doing so, we develop an ontology-based design artifact, called Onto-IAA, describing how disparate IS perform authorization natively. Via this ontology, organizations can significantly reduce the effort required to manage the authorization processes. Onto-IAA operationalization is demonstrated for two real IS, and its utility is evaluated using an observational approach in a global retail chain with approximately 25 disparate IS and over 5000 employees. Additionally, the experimental approach is used to test its effectiveness to control access to other IS, which are not utilized to “train” or develop the ontological model.
Single-stranded M13 DNA: use as a cloning vector (1986)

Journal Article Single-stranded M13 DNA: use as a cloning vector Get access Michael D. Jones, Michael D. Jones 1Department of Virology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane Road, London W12 0HS2Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science and Technology, South KensingtonLondon SW7 2AY, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nigel J. Brand, Nigel J. Brand 2Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science and Technology, South KensingtonLondon SW7 2AY, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alan R. Fersht Alan R. Fersht 2Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science and Technology, South KensingtonLondon SW7 2AY, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 14, Issue 24, 9 December 1986, Page 10116, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/14.24.10116 Published: 09 December 1986
Lesions in the <i>nuo</i> Operon, Encoding NADH Dehydrogenase Complex I, Prevent PurF-Independent Thiamine Synthesis and Reduce Flux through the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium (2000)

In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, PurF-independent thiamine synthesis (or alternative pyrimidine biosynthesis) allows strains, under some growth conditions, to synthesize thiamine in the absence of the first step in the purine biosynthetic pathway. Mutations have been isolated in a number of loci that prevent this synthesis and thus result in an Apb(-) phenotype. Here we identify a new class of mutations that prevent PurF-independent thiamine synthesis and show that they are defective in the nuo genes, which encode the major, energy-generating NADH dehydrogenase of the cell. Data presented here indicated that a nuo mutant has reduced flux through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway that may contribute to, but is not sufficient to cause, the observed thiamine requirement. We suggest that reduction of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway capacity in a nuo mutant is an attempt to restore the ratio between reduced and oxidized pyridine nucleotide pools.
Evolution of MEMS scanning mirrors for laser projection in compact consumer electronics (2010)

The applicability of MOEMS scanning mirrors towards the creation of "flying spot" scanned laser displays is well established. The extension of this concept towards compact embedded pico-projectors has required an evolution of scanners and packaging to accommodate the needs of the consumer electronics space. This paper describes the progression of the biaxial MOEMS scanning mirrors developed by Microvision over recent years. Various aspects of the individual designs are compared. Early devices used a combination of magnetic quasistatic actuation and resonant electrostatic operation in an evacuated atmosphere to create a projection engine for retinal scanned displays. Subsequent designs realized the elimination of both the high voltage electrostatic drive and the vacuum package, and a simplification of the actuation scheme through proprietary technical advances. Additional advances have doubled the scan angle capability and greatly miniaturized the MOEMS component while not incurring significant increase in power consumption, making it an excellent fit for the consumer pico-projector application. The simplicity of the scanned laser-based pico-projector optical design enables high resolution and a large effective image size in a thin projection engine, all of which become critical both to the viability of the technology and adoption by consumers. Microvision's first scanned laser pico-projector is built around a MOEMS scanning mirror capable of projecting 16:9 aspect ratio, WVGA display within a 6.6 mm high package. Further evolution on this path promises continued improvement in resolution, size, and power.
Charge Transport, Photovoltaic, and Thermoelectric Properties of Poly(2,7‐Carbazole) and Poly(Indolo[3,2‐<i>b</i>]Carbazole) Derivatives (2008)

This review highlights recent advances made with poly(2,7‐carbazole) and poly(indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole) derivatives in organic field‐effect transistors, photovoltaic cells, and thermoelectric devices. For each of these applications, several examples of the structure‐property relationships occurring in these classes of materials are discussed. For instance, this review shows that the excellent hole transporting properties of poly(2,7‐carbazole)s make them highly promising materials for p‐type transistors and solar cells. Moreover, the chemical and physical properties of these N‐containing conjugated polymers can be easily tuned to meet the different requirements to set‐up the so‐called plastic electronics where micro‐electronic devices could be printed onto various substrates.
The Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolism (2003)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs for the first time in approximately 100 persons per 100,000 each year in the United States, and rises exponentially from <5 cases per 100,000 persons <15 years old to approximately 500 cases (0.5%) per 100,000 persons at age 80 years. Approximately one third of patients with symptomatic VTE manifest pulmonary embolism (PE), whereas two thirds manifest deep vein thrombosis (DVT) alone. Despite anticoagulant therapy, VTE recurs frequently in the first few months after the initial event, with a recurrence rate of approximately 7% at 6 months. Death occurs in approximately 6% of DVT cases and 12% of PE cases within 1 month of diagnosis. The time of year may affect the occurrence of VTE, with a higher incidence in the winter than in the summer. One major risk factor for VTE is ethnicity, with a significantly higher incidence among Caucasians and African Americans than among Hispanic persons and Asian-Pacific Islanders. Overall, approximately 25% to 50% of patient with first-time VTE have an idiopathic condition, without a readily identifiable risk factor. Early mortality after VTE is strongly associated with presentation as PE, advanced age, cancer, and underlying cardiovascular disease.