gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of shallow <i>p</i>+ layer in silicon by plasma doping (1993)

Boron doping of silicon is achieved by employing a diode parallel-plate-type dc plasma reactor, where diborane (B2H6) gas diluted with Ar (0.5 mol %) is used as doping gas. Total boron concentration changes from 1.17×1015 to 1.82×1015 atoms with varying applied dc bias voltage, Vdc, from 1600 to 3000 V. Shallow and low sheet resistance highly doped p(p+) layer is formed with annealing of the layer doped above total doping concentration of 1.20×1015 atoms. Peak carrier concentration of 2.20×1020/cm3 and a sheet resistance of 86 Ω/⧠ are attained in 140 nm depth p+ layer.
TH‐D‐L100J‐09: CT Truncation Artifact Removal Using Water‐Equivalent Thicknesses Derived From Truncated Projection Data (2007)

Purpose: Large patient anatomies and limited imaging field‐of‐view (FOV) lead to truncation of CT projections. Truncation introduces serious artifacts into reconstructed images, including central cupping and bright external rings. FOV may be increased using laterally offset detectors, but this requires advanced imaging hardware and full angular scanning. When linacs equipped with mini‐MLCs are used for megavoltage cone beam CT imaging, truncation is inevitable. We propose a novel method to complete truncated projections based on the observation that the thickness of the patient at all angles may be estimated along the projection rays by calculating water‐equivalent thicknesses (WET). These values are not at all affected by truncation and constitute valuable auxiliary information. Methods: We parameterize a pair of points along each ray that intersects the unknown object boundary. These points are separated by the measured WET value (obtained from projections that have been corrected for scatter and beam‐hardening). We assume, for all large body parts, that the patient outline may be roughly approximated as an ellipse. We use a deterministic optimization algorithm to simultaneously estimate the point positions and ellipse parameters by minimizing the distance between point sets and the ellipse boundary. The ellipse obtained as solution is used to complete the truncated projections before reconstruction. We apply the algorithm to a severely truncated CT dataset of a typical abdomen. Results: The RMS error between non‐truncated and truncated reconstructions is 176%. The correction algorithm reduces this error to 1.0%. Conclusion: Even thought the algorithm assumes an elliptical patient cross‐section, truly impressive increases in quantitative image quality are observed. The presence of pelvic bone in the image does not appreciably bias the ellipse position even though it produces incorrect thickness estimates for some rays. The algorithm incurs low computational burden and is suitable for on‐line clinical work flows. Supported by Siemens.
Phase-locked vocoder (2002)

The phase vocoder is widely used to provide high-fidelity time stretching or contraction of audio signals such as speech or monophonic musical passages. Two problems bedevil the reconstructive phase of this technique. First, the frequency estimate is usually multi-valued and one does not know how to choose which of the possible frequencies given by the analysis to use in resynthesis. Second, a sinusoidal component in the incoming sound always excites several channels of the analysis; the reconstructed sine waves can interfere with each other, giving rise to a reverberant sound. An improved formulation of the phase vocoder is proposed for which the first difficulty does not arise; and a means of phase-locking adjacent channels of the resynthesis is proposed which alleviates the second one.
Westermann's Demosthenes - Ausgewählte Reden des Demosthenes, erklärt Westermann von Anton. Drittes Bändchen: Aristokrates, Konon, Eubulides. Dritte verbesserte Auflage, besorgt von Dr. Emil Rosenberg. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. 1890. 1 Mk. 80. (1891)

Westermann's Demosthenes - Ausgewählte Reden des Demosthenes, erklärt Westermann von Anton. Drittes Bändchen: Aristokrates, Konon, Eubulides. Dritte verbesserte Auflage, besorgt von Dr. Emil Rosenberg. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. 1890. 1 Mk. 80. - Volume 5 Issue 1-2
Age-dependent susceptibility to a viral disease due to decreased natural killer cell numbers and trafficking (2010)

Although it is well known that aged hosts are generally more susceptible to viral diseases than the young, specific dysfunctions of the immune system directly responsible for this increased susceptibility have yet to be identified. We show that mice genetically resistant to mousepox (the mouse parallel of human smallpox) lose resistance at mid-age. Surprisingly, this loss of resistance is not a result of intrinsically defective T cell responses. Instead, the primary reason for the loss of resistance results from a decreased number of total and mature natural killer (NK) cells in the blood and an intrinsic impairment in their ability to migrate to the lymph node draining the site of infection, which is essential to curb systemic virus spread. Hence, our work links the age-dependent increase in susceptibility to a viral disease to a specific defect of NK cells, opening the possibility of exploring treatments to improve NK cell function in the aged with the goal of enhancing their resistance to viral diseases.
Arachidonic acid analogues as inhibitors of phospholipase A2 activity (1987)

Conference Article| June 01 1987 Arachidonic acid analogues as inhibitors of phospholipase A2 activity KEITH A FOSTER; KEITH A FOSTER 1Beecham Pharmaceuticals - Research Division, Yew Tree Bottom Road, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar DEREK R. BUCKLE; DEREK R. BUCKLE 1Beecham Pharmaceuticals - Research Division, Yew Tree Bottom Road, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar KIM L. CRESCENZI; KIM L. CRESCENZI 1Beecham Pharmaceuticals - Research Division, Yew Tree Bottom Road, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ASHLEY E. FENWICK; ASHLEY E. FENWICK 1Beecham Pharmaceuticals - Research Division, Yew Tree Bottom Road, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN E. TAYLOR JOHN E. TAYLOR 1Beecham Pharmaceuticals - Research Division, Yew Tree Bottom Road, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1987) 15 (3): 418–419. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150418 Article history Received: November 12 1986 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation KEITH A FOSTER, DEREK R. BUCKLE, KIM L. CRESCENZI, ASHLEY E. FENWICK, JOHN E. TAYLOR; Arachidonic acid analogues as inhibitors of phospholipase A2 activity. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1987; 15 (3): 418–419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150418 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PLA2, phospholipase A2, ETYA, eicosatetraynoic acid, NDGA, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, p-BPAB, p-bromophenacyl bromide, SRS-A, slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Biochemical Society1987 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Structure and Expression of a New Complementary DNA Encoding the almost Exclusive 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ<sup>5</sup>-Δ<sup>4</sup>-lsomerase in Human Adrenals and Gonads (1991)

The 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase (3 beta HSD) enzyme catalyzes the oxidation and isomerization of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid precursors into delta 4-ketosteroids, thus leading to the formation of all classes of steroid hormones. In addition, 3 beta HSD catalyzes the interconversion of 3 beta-hydroxy- and 3-keto-5 alpha-androstane steroids. Clinical observations in patients with 3 beta HSD deficiency as well as our recent data obtained by Southern blot analysis using a human placental 3 beta HSD cDNA (type I) as probe suggested the existence of multiple related 3 beta HSD isoenzymes. We now report the isolation and characterization of a second type of cDNA clone (arbitrarily designated type II) encoding 3 beta HSD after screening of a human adrenal lambda gt22A library. The nucleotide sequence of 1676 basepairs of human 3 beta HSD type II cDNA predicts a protein of 371 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 41,921 daltons, which displays 93.5% and 96.2% homology with human placental type I and rhesus macaque ovary 3 beta HSD deduced proteins, respectively. To characterize and compare the kinetic properties of the two isoenzymes, plasmids derived from pCMV and containing type I or type II 3 beta HSD full-length cDNA inserts were transiently expressed in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. In vitro incubation with NAD+ and 3H-labeled pregnenolone or dehydroepiandrosterone shows that the type I protein possesses a 3 beta HSD/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase activity higher than type II, with respective Km values of 0.24 vs. 1.2 microM for pregnenolone and 0.18 vs. 1.6 microM for dihydroepiandrosterone, while the specific activity of both types is equivalent. Moreover, incubation in the presence of NADH of homogenates from cells transfected with type I or type II 3 beta HSD indicates that dihydrotestosterone is converted into 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, with Km values of 0.26 and 2.7 microM, respectively. Ribonuclease protection assay using type I- and type II-specific cRNA probes revealed that type II transcripts are the almost exclusive 3 beta HSD mRNA species in the human adrenal gland, ovary, and testis, while type I transcripts correspond to the almost exclusive 3 beta HSD mRNA species in the placenta and skin and represent the predominantly expressed species in mammary gland tissue. The present data show for the first time that adrenals and gonads express a type of 3 beta HSD isoenzyme that is distinct from the type expressed in the placenta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Serine/Threonine/Tyrosine Phosphoproteome of the Model Bacterium Bacillus subtilis (2007)

Protein phosphorylation on serine, threonine, and tyrosine (Ser/Thr/Tyr) is well established as a key regulatory posttranslational modification in eukaryotes, but little is known about its extent and function in prokaryotes. Although protein kinases and phosphatases have been predicted and identified in a variety of bacterial species, classical biochemical approaches have so far revealed only a few substrate proteins and even fewer phosphorylation sites. Bacillus subtilis is a model Gram-positive bacterium in which two-dimensional electrophoresis-based studies suggest that the Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation should be present on more than a hundred proteins. However, so far only 16 phosphorylation sites on eight of its proteins have been determined, mostly in in vitro studies. Here we performed a global, gel-free, and site-specific analysis of the B. subtilis phosphoproteome using high accuracy mass spectrometry in combination with biochemical enrichment of phosphopeptides from digested cell lysates. We identified 103 unique phosphopeptides from 78 B. subtilis proteins and determined 78 phosphorylation sites: 54 on serine, 16 on threonine, and eight on tyrosine. Detected phosphoproteins are involved in a wide variety of metabolic processes but are enriched in carbohydrate metabolism. We report phosphorylation sites on almost all glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, several kinases, and members of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. This significantly enlarged number of bacterial proteins known to be phosphorylated on Ser/Thr/Tyr residues strongly supports the emerging view that protein phosphorylation is a general and fundamental regulatory process, not restricted only to eukaryotes, and opens the way for its detailed functional analysis in bacteria.
Asynchronous transfer mode or synchronous transfer mode or both (1991)

Some of the problem areas attendant upon the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) concept are addressed. Concern is chiefly with the use of small, fixed-length packets and the issue of congestion control. It is argued that broadband ISDN services should not be tied down to ATM as presently standardized, because ATM has several problems when embedded in a wide area network with diverse services.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale: Has the Gold Standard Become a Lead Weight? (2004)

Evidence suggests that the Hamilton depression scale is psychometrically and conceptually flawed. The breadth and severity of the problems militate against efforts to revise the current instrument. After more than 40 years, it is time to embrace a new gold standard for assessment of depression.
Characterization of a membrane surface glycoprotein associated with T-cell activation. (1985)

A cell surface antigen (gp140) was previously shown to exist on T cell subsets as well as on monocytes and macrophages in normal peripheral blood. Elevated expression of this antigen was associated with immune system disorders, acute lymphocytic leukemias, and in vitro activation of T cells. The antigen could be identified with monoclonal antibody (MAb) T305. Gp140 was a biosynthetic product of T cells because it could be labeled with [3H]leucine or [3H] glucosamine. Biochemical studies of gp140 used high performance liquid chromatography with nitrocellulose blotting to isolate aliquots suitable for 125I radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation to demonstrate: a) a reduction in m.w. of gp140 KD to 90 KD after deglycosylation by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, b) alteration of isoelectric point from 4.1 to 5.7 after neuraminidase treatments, c) absence of N-linked sugars based on resistance to endoglycosidase F, d) resistance to trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion but susceptibility to pronase, and e) presence of sialic acid and lactosaminoglycan as O-linked sugars. Gp140 could be labeled with the periodate/NaB[3H]4 technique, indicating its similarity to a class of sialoglycoproteins previously described on activated T-cells in mouse and man. The antigenic epitope recognized by MAb T305 contains sialic acid linked (2----3) to galactose; however, periodate oxidation of the exocyclic ring of sialic acid did not affect binding by MAb T305. In an attempt to determine the functional role of gp140, we tested the ability of MAb T305 to block: a) proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens, b) response to interleukin 2 (IL 2) of an IL 2 dependent T cell line, and c) growth of a T-ALL derived cell line. No inhibition of proliferation or growth was noted. Although the function of gp140 remains unknown, its association with lymphocyte activation and certain disease states suggests that it may provide a target for modulation of the immune response. These studies characterize the structural features of gp140 and further define the epitope recognized by MAb T305.
BIOREMEDIATION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL AND PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED SOIL (2005)

ABSTRACT: A six month study evaluated the effects of amendments to soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and petroleum hydrocarbons. The objective was to determine which amendments could enhance biodegradation of Aroclors 1242, 1248, and 1260 and reduce the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). The amendments added were chicken manure, chicken manure plus 1,000 ppm biphenyl, kenaf, and kenaf plus white rot fungus (Phanerochaete chrysosporium). All treatments and control were replicated three times. Contaminated soil and amendments were place in 1.5 L amber dishes and kept in an environmental chamber. Moisture was adjusted every two days. Samples were collected at 45 day intervals for biological and chemical analysis. PCB concentrations for Aroclors 1242 and 1248 were significantly reduced in all treatments and the control by day 180. Only the kenaf plus white rot fungus treatment showed a significant decrease in Aroclor 1260 concentration from days 0 to 90, but increased by day 180. All treatments showed a significant reduction of TPH by the end of the study.
Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in human inflammatory synovial fluids (1993)

The balance between TNF and its specific inhibitors may be critical to the biologic outcome mediated by this cytokine.
A review of roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography (2014)

81.16.Nd.
An Architecture for Evaluating Distributed Application Deployments in Multi-clouds (2013)

In this paper we present an architecture for the modeling, collection, and evaluation of long-term histories of deployments of distributed multi-tier applications on federations of Clouds (Multi-Clouds). Our goal is to capture several aspects of application development and deployment lifecycle, including the evolving application structure, requirements, goals, and service level objectives, application deployment descriptions, runtime monitoring, and quality control, Cloud provider characteristics, and to provide a Cloud-independent resource classification scheme that is a key to reasoning about Multi-Cloud deployments of complex large-scale applications. Since our target is capturing the continuous evolution of applications and their deployments over time, we ensure that our metadata model is designed to optimize space usage. Additionally, we demonstrate that using the model and data collections over varying deployments of an application (using the SPEC jEnterprise2010 distributed benchmark as a case study) one can answer important questions about which deployment options work best in terms of performance, reliability, cost, and combinations thereof.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Stable Bacteriochlorophyll-Analog and Its Incorporation into High-Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticles for Tumor Imaging (2009)

The syntheses of novel near-infrared (NIR) dyes with excellent optical properties in biological tissues have driven the continued improvement of fluorescence imaging of deeply seated tumors. Bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchl), a dye synthesized by the phototrophic bacteria, R. sphaeroids, is particularly suited for deep tissue imaging due to its high absorbance coefficient and good fluorescence quantum yield in the NIR spectrum. However, obstacles that impede the development of this fluorophore are its poor stability and lack of tumor specificity. These issues ultimately limit its utility for tumor detection. Herein we describe a robust synthesis of a novel Bchl analog, bacteriochlorin e(6) bisoleate (BchlBOA), which is chemically stable, has excellent photophysical properties (ex, 752 nm; em, 762 nm) and is tailored for the incorporation into a tumor targetable high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like nanoparticle (NP). Incorporating BchlBOA into HDL (HDL-BchlBOA) yielded 12 nm sized particles, corresponding well with the diameter of native HDL. Functional cell uptake studies showed that HDL-BchlBOA was taken up by cells expressing the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI), and was inhibited by 25-fold excess native HDL. Furthermore, the NP was successfully detected in KB cancer cells both in vitro and in tumor xenografts. Taken together, these results demonstrate that we successfully synthesized and formulated a stable analog of Bchl that is capable of being incorporated within HDL-like NPs for tumor-targeted imaging.
AttnGAN: Fine-Grained Text to Image Generation with Attentional Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

In this paper, we propose an Attentional Generative Adversarial Network (AttnGAN) that allows attention-driven, multi-stage refinement for fine-grained text-to-image generation. With a novel attentional generative network, the AttnGAN can synthesize fine-grained details at different subregions of the image by paying attentions to the relevant words in the natural language description. In addition, a deep attentional multimodal similarity model is proposed to compute a fine-grained image-text matching loss for training the generator. The proposed AttnGAN significantly outperforms the previous state of the art, boosting the best reported inception score by 14.14% on the CUB dataset and 170.25% on the more challenging COCO dataset. A detailed analysis is also performed by visualizing the attention layers of the AttnGAN. It for the first time shows that the layered attentional GAN is able to automatically select the condition at the word level for generating different parts of the image.
TEMPO-Derived Task-Specific Ionic Liquids for Oxidation of Alcohols (2005)

A novel 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical bearing an ionic liquid-type appendage has been prepared, and its catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in ionic liquid-aqueous biphasic conditions has been investigated. The ionic liquid-supported TEMPO radical shows catalyst properties similar to those of non-supported counterpart in terms of activity and selectivity, and can be easily recycled and reused without loss of activity and selectivity.
Microwave absorption properties of the carbon-coated nickel nanocapsules (2006)

The carbon-coated Ni(C) nanocapsules were prepared by a modified arc-discharge method in methane atmosphere. Its electromagnetic parameters were measured at 2–18GHz. It is observed that the natural resonance which appeared at 5.5GHz is dominant among microwave absorption properties of Ni(C) nanocapsules, as the consequence of the increased surface anisotropic energy for nanosized particles. The measured relative complex permittivity indicates that a high resistivity existed in Ni(C) nanocapsules samples. The maximum reflection loss of Ni(C) nanocomposites can reach 32dB at 13GHz with 2mm in thickness. The microwave absorptive mechanisms of Ni(C) nanocapsule absorbent were discussed.
Data caching issues in an information retrieval system (1990)

Currently, a variety of information retrieval systems are available to potential users.… While in many cases these systems are accessed from personal computers, typically no advantage is taken of the computing resources of those machines (such as local processing and storage). In this paper we explore the possibility of using the user's local storage capabilities to cache data at the user's site. This would improve the response time of user queries albeit at the cost of incurring the overhead required in maintaining multiple copies. In order to reduce this overhead it may be appropriate to allow copies to diverge in a controlled fashion.… Thus, we introduce the notion of quasi-copies , which embodies the ideas sketched above. We also define the types of deviations that seem useful, and discuss the available implementation strategies.—From the Authors' Abstract