gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Olfactory display using a miniaturized pump and a SAW atomizer for presenting low-volatile scents (2011)

Recently, the research on olfactory display for incorporating the sense of smell into virtual reality has gradually expanded. To present odors with a vivid sense of smell, an ability to generate a variety of odors with efficient speed is indispensible. In this paper, we developed a new type of olfactory display, composed of a miniaturized electroosmotic pump and a surface acoustic wave device for presenting the low-volatile scents that are conventionally difficult to be generated with acceptable speed. We used an odor sensing system to evaluate the capability to present the low volatile scent and the ability to blend smells of our proposed new type olfactory display.
A Neighbor Discovery Protocol for Directional Antenna Networks (2006)

We present a novel neighbor discovery protocol based on synchronized search that uses in-band signal. The transmission power is carefully controlled during the neighbor discovery process to minimize the unnecessary high transmission power exposure time, allowing for a better low probability of detection (LPD) performance. The underlying MAC protocol is TDMA and configurable control slots are used for the neighbor discovery process. The protocol allows us to easily control the trade-off between network entry time and channel overhead. When compared with existing directional protocols, our protocol exhibits many unique features such as LPD, low channel overhead and convergence lime gradually increasing with distance. We then analyze the protocol via a simplified theoretical model. Finally, we implement the protocol in simulation and evaluate its performance against the theoretical results. Our analysis shows that the proposed approach is an effective neighbor discovery protocol for closer neighbors, while providing reasonable network entry times for distant nodes. We also present various solutions to reduce the network entry time for these distant nodes.
Learning the learning parameters (1991)

A variation of the backpropagation procedure that dynamically adjusts the values of the learning rate and momentum parameters during learning is proposed. These values are made dependent on the standard deviation of the activation distribution of each hidden unit, which allows the network to adapt the parameter values to each individual weight. The new procedure was applied to a simple categorization task and it gave better convergence results than the standard backpropagation procedure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Normothermic liver preservation: a new paradigm? (2015)

Despite increasing donor numbers, waiting lists and pre-transplant mortality continue to grow in many countries. The number of donor organs suitable for liver transplantation is restricted by cold preservation and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Transplantation of marginal donor organs has led to renewed interest in new techniques which have the potential to improve the quality of preservation, assess the quality of the organ and allow repair of the donor organ prior to transplantation. If successful, such techniques would not only improve the outcome of currently transplanted marginal livers, but also increase the donor pool. Experimental evidence suggests that preservation under near physiological conditions of temperature and oxygenation abrogates IRI. Normothermic perfusion maintains the organ in a physiological state, avoiding the depletion of cellular energy and the accumulation of waste products, which occurs with static cold storage. It enables viability assessment prior to transplantation thereby reducing the risk of transplanting inherently marginal organs. Here we review the use of normothermic machine perfusion as a means of organ preservation.
Differences in growth and transcriptomic profile of bovine mammary epithelial monolayer and three-dimensional cell cultures. (2009)

Mammary epithelial cells (MECs) are characterized by specific spatial architecture with several distinguishing features such as: polarized morphology, specialized cell-cell contacts, and attachment to an underlying basement membrane. Three dimensional (3D) basement membrane cultures provide a unique opportunity to model the architecture of epithelium in vitro. The aim of this study was to characterize the growth of bovine mammary epithelial cell line BME-UV1 in 3D culture on Matrigel and identification of differently expressed genes in bovine MECs forming polarized structures in comparison to conventional monolayer (2D) cell culture. We demonstrate that BME-UV1 cells grown on Matrigel form polarized acinar structures during 16 days of culture. A microarray study has proven that the difference in spatial architecture between MECs cultured in monolayer and 3D system is reflected by differences in transcriptomic profile. Microarray data analysis showed 40 differentially expressed genes with statistical significance (p<0.05) and characterized biological functions. Identified genes comprised of cytoskeletal proteins, extracellular matrix components, kinases such as: Rac serine/threonine kinase, SRPK, protooncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1, uridine cytidine kinase and proteins with nucleic acid binding / transcription factor activity. Products of those genes are involved in processes which are known to participate in regulating mammary gland polarization and function.
Antibody‐based Proteomics: From bench to bedside (2007)

Over the past 75 years, antibodies have gone from being recognized as disease biomarkers to being used as very powerful therapeutic tools. This evolution has been accelerated by the identification of mAb and the extensive use of immunological tools both at fundamental and clinical levels. In this review, we evaluate how antibodies can be used to assess the proteome of cells or tissues and their relevance for clinical applications. These antibody-based proteomics approaches also require analytical and technological pipelines as well as specific enabling tools which are described. Our first objective was to establish how large-scale datasets (provided by high-throughput studies such as proteomics and transcriptomics) can be integrated with literature searches and clinical data to identify potentially relevant markers against which antibodies should be raised. Then based on an extensive literature review and our experience, we compare the methodologies developed to produce specific antibodies either in vivo or in vitro. This is followed by the description of the validation tools currently available and it also includes the use of antibody-based approaches in the establishment of molecular signatures utilized at the bench and soon available for bedside use.
Performance and Endurance Testing of a Prototype Carbon Dioxide and Humidity Control System for Space Shuttle Extended Mission Capability (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A regenerative carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and humidity control system which uses a polyethyleneimine sorbent material (designated HS-C) is being developed for potential uses in extended duration Space Shuttle missions. The system design offers a substantial weight saving over the baseline Shuttle lithium hydroxide (LiOH) CO<sub>2</sub> removal system for a mission beyond four men and 7 days. Performance and endurance testing of a flight prototype HS-C system was recently conducted by NASA Johnson Space Center to evaluate its capability and reliability under simulated Shuttle cabin conditions. The testing included 10 days of performance evaluation, 60 days of endurance, at 101,325 N/m<sup>2</sup> (14.7 psia), and 5 days of performance at a 70,300 N/m<sup>2</sup> (10.2 psia) cabin pressure.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the objectives, approach, System configuration, and test condition matrix/timeline of the testing. The results of the testing are summarized and compared with the performance data obtained in 1978 for the same flight prototype system. Analysis of the testing results shows that the system has experienced 25 to 30 percent degradation in CO<sub>2</sub> removal capacity, but only slight degradation in humidity removal capacity in more than 5 years of sealed storage. The observed dependency of the HS-C system CO<sub>2</sub> and humidity control capacity on the cabin conditions and operating parameters is discussed with computer model predicted performance maps of the system. The findings of the 60-day endurance and 70,300 N/m<sup>2</sup> (10.2 psia) cabin pressure tests are also reported.</div>
Metalloproteinase-Dependent Predegeneration<i>In Vitro</i>Enhances Axonal Regeneration within Acellular Peripheral Nerve Grafts (2002)

Injury to peripheral nerve initiates a degenerative process that converts the denervated nerve from a suppressive environment to one that promotes axonal regeneration. We investigated the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in this degenerative process and whether effective predegenerated nerve grafts could be produced in vitro. Rat peripheral nerve explants were cultured for 1-7 d in various media, and their neurite-promoting activity was assessed by cryoculture assay, in which neurons are grown directly on nerve sections. The neurite-promoting activity of cultured nerves increased rapidly and, compared with uncultured nerve, a maximum increase of 72% resulted by 2 d of culture in the presence of serum. Remarkably, the neurite-promoting activity of short-term cultured nerves was also significantly better than nerves degenerated in vivo. We examined whether in vitro degeneration is MMP dependent and found that the MMP inhibitor N-[(2R)-2(hydroxamidocarbonylmethyl)-4-methylpantanoyl]-l-tryptophan methylamide primarily blocked the degenerative increase in neurite-promoting activity. In the absence of hematogenic macrophages, MMP-9 was trivial, whereas elevated MMP-2 expression and activation paralleled the increase in neurite-promoting activity. MMP-2 immunoreactivity localized to Schwann cells and the endoneurium and colocalized with gelatinolytic activity as demonstrated by in situ zymography. Finally, in vitro predegenerated nerves were tested as acellular grafts and, compared with normal acellular nerve grafts, axonal ingress in vivo was approximately doubled. We conclude that Schwann cell expression of MMP-2 plays a principal role in the degenerative process that enhances the regeneration-promoting properties of denervated nerve. Combined with their low immunogenicity, acellular nerve grafts activated by in vitro predegeneration may be a significant advancement for clinical nerve allografting.
On the vehicle stability control for electric vehicle based on control allocation (2008)

This paper proposes a vehicle stability control (VSC) scheme for a four-wheel-drive electric vehicle based on the control allocation techniques. The wheels of the electric vehicle are driven by the electric motor individually, which makes it more convenient to control tires forces and moments for stabilizing vehicle motion. But the over-actuated system is complex to control. The control allocation technique is well-known used in marine craft and aircraft to resolve over-actuated problems. By introduction of control allocation to electric vehicle control, a large degree of modularization of the different levels of control is obtained. A control analysis layer is designed using a sliding mode control, which specifies a desired yaw moment to satisfy the vehicle stability. And then the control allocation distributes this yaw moment among the individual wheels by commanding appropriate wheel longitudinal slip. Simulation results in the Carmaker <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> environment have shown that the proposed control scheme takes advantages of electric vehicle and enhances the vehicle stability.
Identification of Positively and Negatively Acting Elements Regulating Expression of the E2F2 Gene in Response to Cell Growth Signals (1997)

Mammalian cell growth is governed by regulatory activities that include the products of genes such as c-myc and ras that act early in G1, as well as the E2F family of transcription factors that accumulate later in G1 to regulate the expression of genes involved in DNA replication. Previous work has shown that the expression of the E2F1, E2F2, and E2F3 gene products is tightly regulated by cell growth. To further explore the mechanisms controlling accumulation of E2F activity, we have isolated genomic sequences flanking the 5' region of the E2F2 coding sequence. Various assays demonstrate promoter activity in this sequence that reproduces the normal control of E2F2 expression during a growth stimulation. Sequence comparison reveals the presence of a variety of known transcription factor binding sites, including E-box elements that are consensus Myc binding sites, as well as E2F binding sites. We demonstrate that the E-box elements, which we show can function as Myc-responsive sites, contribute in a positive fashion to promoter function. We also find that E2F-dependent negative regulation in quiescent cells plays a significant role in the cell growth-dependent control of the promoter, similar to the regulation of the E2F1 gene promoter.
A microarchitecture description language for retargeting firmware tools (1986)

ARCHI is a microarchitecture description language designed to serve as the underlying language for a retargetable firmware development environment. ARCHI provides a hierarchical, procedural description at the register transfer level of the target microarchitecture. This description can then be utilized by a meta-environment to generate an instantiation of the firmware development environment for a specific target microarchitecture. ARCHI has been successfully used to generate debugging simulators for the vertical Perkin-Elmer 3220, and the horizontal VAX-11/780. It is shown that if a microarchitecture description language is powerful enough to retarget a debugging simulator then it can be used to retarget almost every tool in a firmware development meta-environment, and that ARCHI accordingly satisfies its design objectives.
DIVERGING FLOW TRACER TESTS IN FRACTURED GRANITE; EQUIPMENT DESIGN AND DATA COLLECTION (1986)

Down-hole injection and sampling equipment was designed and constructed in order to perform diverging-flow tracer tests. The tests were conducted at a field site about 8 km southeast of Oracle, Arizona, as part of a project sponsored by the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to study mass transport of fluids in saturated, fractured granite. The tracer injection system was designed to provide a steady flow of water or tracer solution to a packed off interval of the borehole and allow for monitoring of down-hole tracer concentration and pressure in the injection interval. The sampling system was designed to collect small volume samples from multiple points in an adjacent borehole. Field operation of the equipment demonstrated the importance of prior knowledge of the location of interconnecting fractures before tracer testing and the need for down-hole mixing of the tracer solution in the injection interval. The field tests were designed to provide data that could me analyzed to provide estimates of dispersivity and porosity of the fractured rock. Although analysis of the data is beyond the scope of this thesis, the detailed data are presented in four appendices.
Molecular cloning of the CD45-associated 30-kDa protein. (1994)

CD45, a leukocyte-specific transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, mediates signal transduction pathways critical for immune responses. However, the mechanism of CD45-mediated signal transduction and the identity of CD45-associated proteins have remained unclear. A CD45-associated 30-kDA phosphorylated protein (CD45-AP) was purified by virtue of its specific association with CD45, and its mouse cDNA was cloned by using the internal amino acid sequence information. In vitro translated CD45-AP bound specifically to CD45. CD45-AP appears to be leukocyte-specific and shares no significant homology with presently known sequences. The predicted sequence contains no consensus tyrosine phosphorylation sites or conserved sequences of GTP-binding proteins. CD45-AP may act as an adapter molecule for CD45-mediated signal transduction.
Multiwavelength time-stretch imaging system (2014)

A high-speed microscopic imaging system based on a multiwavelength source and time-stretch technique is proposed and demonstrated. We realize an imaging system at 1D scan rate of 80 MHz with 20 resolvable points. This scheme breaks the bottleneck of large bandwidth and high repetition rate in mode-lock lasers and has great potential for imaging system integration.
Four-photon entanglement from down-conversion (2001)

Double-pair emission from type-II parametric down-conversion results in a highly entangled four-photon state. Due to interference, which is similar to bunching from thermal emission, this state is not simply a product of two pairs. The observation of this state can be achieved by splitting the two emission modes at beam splitters and subsequent detection of a photon in each output. Here we describe the features of this state and construct a Bell-type inequality, which gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a four-photon test of local realistic hidden variable theories.
Frequency measurements by frequency meter or timer counter? (1978)

Throughout industry there are numerous requirements for the measurement of frequency in the range 0.001 Hz to 10 MHz. These application areas include servomechanisms, electromechanical systems, industrial instrumentation, medical instrumentation, power systems, telephony, audio systems, radio down to the 30 m waveband, television video circuits and digital systems. However, to meet these requirements, the user has a choice in type of instrument between a frequency meter and a timer counter. Recent developments in frequency meters make the comparison worthy of even greater investigation
Co<sub>2</sub> laser myringotomy (1982)

Abstract CO 2 laser myringotomies were performed in 4 temporal bone specimens, 10 cat ears, and 11 patient ears. The method in cats produced a hole that remained open 3 to 6 weeks and healed without excessive scarring. In the patient ears, 9 of 11 laser myringotomies (82%) healed within 6 weeks. One myringotomy 4 mm in diameter did not heal and one 2 mm myringotomy made through a monomeric membrane did not heal.
Bi-directional route optimization in mobile IP over wireless LAN (2003)

We propose to support symmetric bidirectional route optimization in mobile IPv4 considering ingress-filtering routers. We developed subnet-based direct tunneling techniques to improve the routing efficiency for mobile IP and a binding optimization technique to reduce the handoff latency for mobile nodes. An enhanced correspondent agent was introduced to collaborate with the home agent and the foreign agent to support these techniques. Utilizing a tunneling cache, datagrams sent from a mobile node can be directly tunneled to a correspondent agent, including binding update messages. The proposed, approach can maximize the use of a bi-directional tunnel without abandoning the transparency to existing hosts. Learning from our deployment experience, the enhanced mobile IP protocol is suitable for wireless LANs that provide broadband multimedia and location-based services.
Extensive diversity of branched-RNA-linked multicopy single-stranded DNAs in clinical strains of Escherichia coli. (1989)

Recently it was shown that a clinical strain of Escherichia coli contains a reverse transcriptase that is essential for the synthesis of a branched-RNA-linked multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA). We now have examined 113 independent clinical isolates of E. coli for the existence of msDNA and found that 7 strains contained msDNA. Four of them were further analyzed by hybridization analysis, which indicated that three of the msDNAs were different, having little sequence homology. When the reverse transcriptase gene associated with one of these msDNAs was used as a probe, it did not hybridize with chromosomal DNA from the other strains containing msDNA. These results indicate that some clinical E. coli strains carry their own unique msDNA-synthesizing systems; msDNAs produced by these systems have little, if any, sequence homology in their RNA and DNA molecules and the reverse transcriptases required for the production of msDNA also have little sequence similarity. Such extensive diversity of the msDNA-synthesizing systems supports the notion that they were acquired by the E. coli genome late during the evolution of E. coli.
Usage of meta-resonators for improvement of magnetic resonance imaging (2015)

Metamaterials are artificial periodic structured materials with unique electromagnetic properties that are not observed in nature. Wire metamaterials represent periodic arrays of parallel conducting wires which allow one to manipulate, enhance and redistribute electromagnetic fields. In this work we present the annular wire metamaterial resonator in order to improve characteristics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner.
Single molecule detection for in vitro diagnostics (2008)

In this paper we present a novel highly sensitive detection system for diagnostic applications. The system is designed to meet the needs of medical diagnostics for reliable measurements of pathogens and biomarkers in the low concentration regime. It consists of a confocal detection unit, micro-structured sampling cells, and a "Virtual lab" analysis software. The detection unit works with laser induced fluorescence and is designed to provide accurate and highly sensitive measurement at the single molecule level. Various sampling cells are micro-structured in glass, silicon or polymers to enable measurements under flow and nonflow conditions. Sampling volume is below one microliter. The "Virtual lab" software analyzes the light intensity online according to the patent pending "Accurate Stochastic Fluorescence Spectroscopy" (ASFS) developed by FluIT Biosystems GmbH. Tools for simulation and experiment optimization are included as well. Experimental results for various applications with relevance for in vitro diagnostics will be presented.
P‐93: Reliability Performance for Microencapsulated Electrophoretic Displays with Simulated Active Matrix Drive (2003)

Abstract We describe experiments using a simple test structure for examining microencapsulated electrophoretic films. The test panel construction reproduces the essential details of a manufactured display panel, and specially designed electronics reproduce an active matrix waveform on the test pixels. We report on results using this test panel for thermal stress tests targeting reliability requirements for handheld device applications.