gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CrossLink (2015)

Collections of images and 3D models hide in them many interesting aspects of our surroundings. Significant efforts have been devoted to organize and explore such data repositories. Most such efforts, however, process the two data modalities separately, and do not take full advantage of the complementary information that exist in different domains, which can help to solve difficult problems in one by exploiting the structure in the other. Beyond the obvious difference in data representations, a key difficulty in such joint analysis lies in the significant variability in the structure and inherent properties of the 2D and 3D data collections, which hinders cross-domain analysis and exploration. We introduce CrossLink, a system for joint image-3D model processing that uses the complementary strengths of each data modality to facilitate analysis and exploration. We first show how our system significantly improves the quality of text-based 3D model search by using side information coming from an image database. We then demonstrate how to consistently align the filtered 3D model collections, and then use them to re-sort image collections based on pose and shape attributes. We evaluate our framework both quantitatively and qualitatively on 20 object categories of 2D image and 3D model collections, and quantitatively demonstrate how a wide variety of tasks in each data modality can strongly benefit from the complementary information present in the other, paving the way to a richer 2D and 3D processing toolbox.
Regulation of focal adhesion targeting and inhibitory functions of the FAK related protein FRNK using a novel estrogen receptor “switch” (2002)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a regulator of numerous adhesion-dependent processes including cell migration, cell proliferation, and cell survival. The C-terminal domain of FAK, FAK-related nonkinase (FRNK), is autonomously expressed and functions as an inhibitor of FAK signaling. Previous attempts to use FRNK as a tool to dissect FAK signaling have been limited because of an inability to temporally regulate the inhibitory functions of FRNK. In this report, we describe and characterize a conditionally targeted form of FRNK that was created by fusing the hormone-binding domain of the estrogen receptor (ER*) to the C-terminus of FRNK. In the absence of added hormone, FRNK-ER* was diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm of cells. Upon addition of hormone, the cytoplasmic pool of FRNK-ER* was rapidly redistributed to focal adhesions. We demonstrate that cells expressing FRNK-ER* show a hormone-dependent decrease in FAK tyrosine phosphorylation and cell migration. Furthermore, when cells expressing of FRNK-ER* were treated with hormone, the cells responded with a dramatic change in cell morphology, suggesting a role for FAK in the regulation of the adhesive properties of focal adhesions.
Anionic, in Situ Generation of Formaldehyde:  A Very Useful and Versatile Tool in Synthesis (2007)

A very simple, safe and powerful method for the in situ generation of formaldehyde at low temperature in anhydrous conditions is described. This new tool avoids the use of gaseous formaldehyde and is suitable for basic carbon nucleophiles which cannot be generated in aqueous reaction media. Various substrates, including organolithium reagents and enolates, underwent smooth hydroxymethylation showing the versatility of this process. A Wittig reaction was also carried out in high yield. [reaction: see text]
Nearly lattice-matched InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown on SiC substrate by pulsed metal organic chemical vapor deposition (2011)

We report on a growth of nearly lattice-matched InAlN/GaN heterostructures on 4H–SiC substrates by pulsed metal organic chemical vapor deposition, and an excellent device characteristic of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) fabricated on these InAlN/GaN heterostructures. The electron mobility is 1032 cm2/V s together with a high two-dimensional-electron-gas density of 1.59×1013 cm−2 for the In0.17Al0.83N/AlN heterostructures. HEMTs with gate dimensions of 0.5×50 μm2 and 3 μm source-drain distance exhibits a maximum drain current of 1 A/mm, a maximum extrinsic transconductance of 310 mS/mm, and current gain and maximum oscillation cutoff frequencies of 18 GHz and 39 GHz, respectively.
Analysis of the performance of a simulated counter‐current chromatographic system for fructose – glucose separation (1984)

Abstract The adsorptive separation of fructose from glucose has been carried out in a simulated counter‐current chromatographic system using Zerolit‐25SCR14 ion exchange resin in Ca ++ form as the adsorbent. Rate and equilibrium constants have been determined from chromatographic retention time measurements. The performance of a simulated counter‐current system comprising ten identical columns connected in series has been investigated and it is shown that the behaviour of such a system may be approximately represented by a simple McCabe–Thiele model. The HETP in the counter‐current system is higher than would be expected for an ideal plug flow system, showing that axial mixing is important. The McCabe–Thiele analysis may be easily extended to a four section ‘Sorbex’ system and a preliminary assessment of the performance of such a unit is made on the basis of the kinetic and equilibrium parameters derived from the experimental study.
Integrated polymer waveguides for absorbance detection in chemical analysis systems (2004)

A chemical analysis system for absorbance detection with integrated polymer waveguides is reported for the first time. The fabrication procedure relies on structuring of a single layer of the photoresist SU-8, so both the microfluidic channel network and the optical components, which include planar waveguides and fiber-to-waveguide coupler structures, are defined in the same processing step. This results in self-alignment of all components and enables a fabrication and packaging time of only one day. The fabrication scheme has recently been presented elsewhere for fluorescence excitation of beads. The emphasis of this paper is on the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection and its relation to the sensitivity. Two absorbance cells with an optical path length of 100 /spl mu/m and 1000 /spl mu/m were characterized and compared in terms of sensitivity, limit of detection and effective path length for measurements of the dye Bromothymol Blue. The influence of three different bonding procedures on the spectrally resolved propagation loss of the integrated waveguides between 500 nm and 900 nm was furthermore determined.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Call Control - Conferencing for User Agents (2006)

This specification defines conferencing call control features for the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). This document builds on the
Conferencing Requirements and Framework documents to define how a
tightly coupled SIP conference works. The approach is explored from
the perspective of different user agent (UA) types: conference-
unaware, conference-aware, and focus UAs. The use of Uniform Resource
Identifiers (URIs) in conferencing, OPTIONS for capabilities
discovery, and call control using REFER are covered in detail with
example call flow diagrams. The usage of the isfocus feature tag is
defined. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices
for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions
for improvements.
A SIMPLE AND CONVENIENT METHOD FOR PREPARING DI-<i>t</i>-BUTYLSILANES (1981)

Abstract Silicon functional di-t-butylsilanes such as (t-Bu)2SiCl2, (t-Bu)2Si(OMe)2 and (t-Bu)2SiH(OMe) were conveniently obtained in good yields via di-t-butylsilane, (t-Bu)2SiH2, which can readily be prepared from the reaction of dichlorosilane, H2SiCl2, with t-butyllithium.
A gene conferring resistance to vancomycin but not teicoplanin in isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium demonstrates homology with vanB, vanA, and vanC genes of enterococci (1993)

We report the sequence of a 630-bp fragment of a gene associated with resistance to high levels of vancomycin in a clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis which retained susceptibility to teicoplanin. This gene was similar to the recently sequenced vanB and partially homologous with vanA, but it showed less-marked similarity to vanC. A DNA probe, derived from this polymerase chain reaction-amplified gene fragment, hybridized specifically with genomic DNA from Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis isolates which were vancomycin resistant (MICs ranged from 8 to 512 micrograms/ml) but susceptible to teicoplanin. Curing of vancomycin resistance was associated with loss of DNA hybridization with the gene probe. Transfer of DNA which hybridized with the probe accompanied transfer of vancomycin resistance to a susceptible recipient strain. Neither curing nor transfer of vancomycin resistance was consistently related to loss or acquisition, respectively, of plasmid DNA.
Mechanism and Rate Constants of Ion–Molecule Reactions Leading to Formation of H+(H2O)n in Moist Oxygen and Air (1970)

The formation of H+(H2O)n clusters in moist oxygen is of interest since this process must occur in the troposphere and has been observed to occur in the D region of the ionosphere. The reaction mechanism leading from O2+ to H+(H2O)n was investigated with a pulsed electron-beam high-pressure mass spectrometer. At oxygen pressures in the torr range and for [O2]/[H2O]&gt;102 the major reaction proceeds by the sequence O2+→O4+→O2+·H2O→H3O+·OH→H+(H2O)2→H+(H2O)n. The rate constants for all major steps were determined. Rate constants for parallel reactions which may become important at different conditions were also determined.
PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK (1950)

The term "handicapped child" tends to put emphasis upon the handicap rather than the child. There is still undue emphasis in many types of physical disability upon how a specific handicap can be overcome by special education or training methods, without sufficient attention to whether the child is having the normal relationships and social experiences necessary to equip him later to compete in adult society. If the ultimate goal for the child who is handicapped is participation with nonhandicapped children in normal life situations, the total needs of the child, as well as those for his specific handicap, must be considered. This discussion portrays a method which individualizes a child and his needs in order to facilitate his social adjustment. Although the principles expressed have been drawn from experience with preschool children, they are applicable to some extent to all age groups. It is recognized, however, that problems arising in school age and adolescence may require different or additional types of service. The reaction of parents to knowledge of a child's handicap is of great significance in the child's adjustment. The following reactions seem fairly general: 1. The basic parent-child relationship is somewhat threatened and feelings about the child may undergo change.
Using machine learning and expert systems to predict preterm delivery in pregnant women (2002)

Machine learning and statistical analysis were performed on 9,419 perinatal records with the goal of building a prototype expert system that would improve on the current accuracy rates achieved by manual pre-term labor and delivery risk scoring tools. Current manual scoring techniques have reported accuracy rates of 17-38%. The prototype expert system produced in this effort achieve overall accuracy rates of 53%-88% when tested on records that were not used in either statistical analysis or machine learning. Based on the success of this initial effort, the development of a full expert system to assist in pre-term delivery risk decision support, using the methods described in this paper, is planned.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A guide to RISC microprocessors (1992)

Part 1 Perspective: RISC architectures, M. Slater instruction set design, B. Case design issues for next-generation processors, B. Case SPARC architecture, B. Case cypress SPARC chips, M. Slater SPARC support, M. Slater redesigned cypress SPARC chips, M. Slater first ECL microprocessor, M. Slater LSI logic embedded control SPARC processor, M. Slater fujitsu embedded SPARC processor, M. Slater. Part 2 MIPS: MIPS processor, M. Slater MIPS R3000 system design, M. Slater IDT R3000 derivative, M. Slater MIPS chip set with full ECL CPU implementation, M. Slater ECL bus controller, M. Thorson IDT embedded MIPS processors, M. Slater high integration on MIPS based processor, M. Slater MIPS with 64-Bit R4000 architecture. Part 3 Motorola 88000: motorola 88000 RISC chip set, M. Slater Motorola 88200, M. Slater. Part 5 Intel 960: intel register scoreboarding, J.H. Wharton intel 960 architecture, J.H. Wharton intel i860 performance, B. Case intel i860 parallel processing support, M. Slater MASS860, B. Case and M. Slater. Part 6 AMD 29000: AMD 29000 architecture, B. Case AMD 29000 bus structure, B. Case and T. Olson AMD 29050, B. Case PA-RISC, B. Case PA workstations, M. Slater.
Graphene as a transparent conductive support for studying biological molecules by transmission electron microscopy (2010)

We demonstrate the application of graphene as a support for imaging individual biological molecules in transmission electron microscope (TEM). A simple procedure to produce free-standing graphene membranes has been designed. Such membranes are extremely robust and can support practically any submicrometer object. Tobacco mosaic virus has been deposited on graphene samples and observed in a TEM. High contrast has been achieved even though no staining has been applied.
Enhancement of immunoreactivity among lymphoid malignant neoplasms in paraffin-embedded tissues by refixation in zinc sulfate-formalin. (1991)

It has been previously demonstrated that improved cytomorphologic detail can be obtained from tissue blocks initially fixed in 4% formaldehyde solution by means of a "run-back" procedure to an aqueous phase of solution, allowing refixation with a protein-precipitating agent, such as zinc sulfate-4% formaldehyde solution. Because anecdotal experience with immunostaining such reprocessed tissues had suggested improved results, we performed a prospective trial involving 13 cases to compare the intensity of immunoreactivity before and after such reprocessing. In 10 of 13 cases studied with a variety of antibody reagents, we noted a definite improvement of staining, preferentially among those with the weakest original immunoreactivity.
Retirement income adequacy: good news or bad? (2004)

Estimating replacement rate targets, and using them to assess the current state of retirement savings adequacy, has been the focus of much attention and analysis. Building on his earlier work published in Benefits Quarterly, the author conceptually defines retirement income adequacy, estimates replacement rate targets and reviews research on the current state of baby boomers' retirement savings. He concludes that, despite existing data limitations, researchers have made considerable strides in recent years in thinking about saving for retirement and the adequacy of workers' preparation for it. These advances suggest that singular rules of thumb for replacement rates are naive and that estimates should take into account the unforeseen risks that individuals face.
Low-density parity-check space-time codes: performance analysis and code construction (2004)

In this paper, we show that the direct transmission scheme of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes can achieve the upper bound of rate-diversity tradeoff with probability one for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with BPSK modulation. We then present an algorithm to construct the LDPC space-time codes through a 2-dimensional array whose doubly-periodic correlation is bounded by 1.
Identification and Characterization of the Novel LysM Domain-Containing Surface Protein Sep from <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> BR11 and Its Use as a Peptide Fusion Partner in <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Lactococcus</i> (2004)

Examination of supernatant fractions from broth cultures of Lactobacillus fermentum BR11 revealed the presence of a number of proteins, including a 27-kDa protein termed Sep. The amino-terminal sequence of Sep was determined, and the gene encoding it was cloned and sequenced. Sep is a 205-amino-acid protein and contains a 30-amino-acid secretion signal and has overall homology (between 39 and 92% identity) with similarly sized proteins of Lactobacillus reuteri, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Lactobacillus plantarum. The carboxy-terminal 81 amino acids of Sep also have strong homology (86% identity) to the carboxy termini of the aggregation-promoting factor (APF) surface proteins of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus johnsonii. The mature amino terminus of Sep contains a putative peptidoglycan-binding LysM domain, thereby making it distinct from APF proteins. We have identified a common motif within LysM domains that is shared with carbohydrate binding YG motifs which are found in streptococcal glucan-binding proteins and glucosyltransferases. Sep was investigated as a heterologous peptide expression vector in L. fermentum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactococcus lactis MG1363. Modified Sep containing an amino-terminal six-histidine epitope was found associated with the cells but was largely present in the supernatant in the L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus, and L. lactis hosts. Sep as well as the previously described surface protein BspA were used to express and secrete in L. fermentum or L. rhamnosus a fragment of human E-cadherin, which contains the receptor region for Listeria monocytogenes. This study demonstrates that Sep has potential for heterologous protein expression and export in lactic acid bacteria.
Activated Protein C Enhances Human Keratinocyte Barrier Integrity via Sequential Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Tie2 (2010)

Keratinocytes play a critical role in maintaining epidermal barrier function. Activated protein C (APC), a natural anticoagulant with anti-inflammatory and endothelial barrier protective properties, significantly increased the barrier impedance of keratinocyte monolayers, measured by electric cell substrate impedance sensing and FITC-dextran flux. In response to APC, Tie2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, was rapidly activated within 30 min, and relocated to cell-cell contacts. APC also increased junction proteins zona occludens, claudin-1 and VE-cadherin. Inhibition of Tie2 by its peptide inhibitor or small interfering RNA abolished the barrier protective effect of APC. Interestingly, APC did not activate Tie2 through its major ligand, angiopoietin-1, but instead acted by binding to endothelial protein C receptor, cleaving protease-activated receptor-1 and transactivating EGF receptor. Furthermore, when activation of Akt, but not ERK, was inhibited, the barrier protective effect of APC on keratinocytes was abolished. Thus, APC activates Tie2, via a mechanism requiring, in sequential order, the receptors, endothelial protein C receptor, protease-activated receptor-1, and EGF receptor, which selectively enhances the PI3K/Akt signaling to enhance junctional complexes and reduce keratinocyte permeability.
Variability of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene sequence within and among nonhuman primate species. (1995)

The dopamine D4 receptor is one of five receptors known to function in mammalian dopaminergic pathways. The DNA sequence of the human dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) has previously been investigated in several populations and found to be highly polymorphic at both the DNA and amino acid levels, exhibiting at least 25 alleles. This variation results from differences in the number and DNA sequence of a 48-bp (16-amino acid) repeat unit in the coding region of DRD4. In the present study, DRD4 DNA sequence was examined in at least two individuals from each of five nonhuman primate species. All five species exhibit intraspecies variability, including both single nucleotide substitutions and variation in the number of 48-bp repeat units. No differences were found between the two alleles of one individual from a sixth nonhuman species. Within each species, all of the DRD4 alleles share species-specific features, indicating that while repeat-unit variation is nearly ubiquitous, ancestral variation has been lost and subsequently regenerated in each of the evolutionary lineages studied. Chimpanzees and gorillas share a unique 12-bp deletion in the coding region of DRD4, outside the repeat-unit segment of the gene. This suggest that the extant chimpanzee DRD4 is more closely related to the gorilla DRD4 than either is to the human DRD4.
PRESS (2014)

Location data becomes more and more important. In this paper, we focus on the trajectory data, and propose a new framework, namely PRESS ( <u>P</u>aralleled <u>R</u>oad-Network-Based Trajectory Compr<u>ess</u>ion ), to effectively compress trajectory data under road network constraints. Different from existing work, PRESS proposes a novel representation for trajectories to separate the spatial representation of a trajectory from the temporal representation, and proposes a Hybrid Spatial Compression (HSC) algorithm and error Bounded Temporal Compression (BTC) algorithm to compress the spatial and temporal information of trajectories respectively. PRESS also supports common spatial-temporal queries without fully decompressing the data. Through an extensive experimental study on real trajectory dataset, PRESS significantly outperforms existing approaches in terms of saving storage cost of trajectory data with bounded errors.
Folate‐mediated one‐carbon metabolism and neural tube defects: Balancing genome synthesis and gene expression (2007)

Neural tube defects (NTDs) refer to a cluster of neurodevelopmental conditions associated with failure of neural tube closure during embryonic development. Worldwide prevalence of NTDs ranges from approximately 0.5 to 60 per 10,000 births, with regional and population-specific variation in prevalence. Numerous environmental and genetic influences contribute to NTD etiology; accumulating evidence from population-based studies has demonstrated that folate status is a significant determinant of NTD risk. Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (OCM) is essential for de novo nucleotide biosynthesis, methionine biosynthesis, and cellular methylation reactions. Periconceptional maternal supplementation with folic acid can prevent occurrence of NTDs in the general population by up to 70%; currently several countries fortify their food supply with folic acid for the prevention of NTDs. Despite the unambiguous impact of folate status on NTD risk, the mechanism by which folic acid protects against NTDs remains unknown. Identification of the mechanism by which folate status affects neural tube closure will assist in developing more efficacious and better targeted preventative measures. In this review, we summarize current research on the relationship between folate status and NTDs, with an emphasis on linking genetic variation, folate nutriture, and specific metabolic and/or genomic pathways that intersect to determine NTD outcomes.