gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Breast Cancer Risk among Women Who Work Predominantly at Night (2001)

Irregular working hours, including working at night, have serious psychological and physiological effects. In a nationwide population-based case-control study, we investigated the breast cancer risk among 30- to 54-year-old Danish women who worked predominantly at night. Individual employment histories were reconstructed back to 1964 for each of 7035 women with breast cancer and their individually matched controls from the records of a nationwide pension scheme with compulsory membership. Odds ratios, including 5 years of induction time and adjusted for socio-economic status, age at the birth of first and last child and number of children, were estimated by conditional logistic regression analysis. The odds ratio for breast cancer among women who worked at night at least half of a year was 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 1.7), and there was a tendency to increasing odds ratio by increasing duration of nighttime employment.
Mechanochemistry and mechanical activation of solids (2006)

The effects of the hydrostatic and shear-inducing pressure on the physicochemical properties of solids are analysed. The mechanochemical reactions and mechanical activation are illustrated with various types of chemical transformations ranging from polymorph transitions to solid-state reactions. The prospects for the use of mechanochemistry for the solution of applied problems are discussed.
Estrogen Induces Adenosine Deaminase Gene Expression in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells: Role of Estrogen Receptor-Sp1 Interactions (1999)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene expression is induced by 17β-estradiol (E2) in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, whereas the antiestrogens 4′-hydroxytamoxifen and ICI 182,780 exhibit partial estrogen receptor (ER) agonist/antagonist and antagonist activities, respectively. Previous studies have shown that the −211 to +11 region of the ADA gene promoter contains six GC-rich sites (I–VI) that bind Sp1 protein, and these elements are required for high basal expression. In transient transfection studies with pADA211, which contains the− 211 to +11 ADA gene promoter linked to a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene, E2 and tamoxifen (but not ICI 182,780) induced CAT activity. Ligand-induced transactivation was observed only in cells cotransfected with expression plasmids for wild-type ER or HE11, which does not contain the DNA-binding domain of the ER. Cotransfection with HE15 and HE19, which contain the DNA-binding domain and activation function-1 (AF-1) and AF-2 of the ER, respectively, did not result in E2-induced activity. Subsequent deletion analysis of the ADA gene promoter showed that Sp1 binding site IV (−79 to −73) was primarily responsible for hormone responsiveness. ER activation of ADA gene expression is another example of an E2-induced gene that is dependent on ER/Sp1 interactions with a site-specific GC-rich motif.
Rotary Position Sensors Comparative study of different rotary position sensors for electrical machines used in an hybrid electric vehicle application (2011)

Today, many projects about Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are in progress within the automotive industry. Fuel-efficiency and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles are the main targets. This thesis is within in one of these projects that is called electric All Wheel Drive(eAWD) at BorgWarner TorqTransfer Systems AB. A key parameter to perform an accurate and efficient control of an electric machine is the position sensor. The sensor measures the angular position of the rotor shaft and there are several ways and techniques to do this. This thesis aims to compare different common position sensors and identify ”new” sensor techniques by performing a literature study, model and simulate sensors and test an electric machine with different sensors implemented. Various enhancement methods to improve the position information and prediction are also evaluated. The electric motor prototype used in the eAWD project has different position sensors implemented and these are simulated in Matlab/Simulink together with the system model of the electric machine and control system. Tests are also performed and compared to the simulation results. The results show on best performance when using the resolver as position sensor. The Hall-effect sensor can be improved with an observer, but the observer is not suitable for this specific type of Torque Vectoring (TV) application. The Hall-effect sensor has a speed dependent torque ripple that leads to harmonics at frequencies that relates to the speed of the unit which may causes problems, such as mechanical resonances in the system. There are several ”new” sensor techniques based on the theory of eddy-currents that may be of interest since they are said to be more optimized for EV and HEV applications.
Modeling of MMIC devices for determining MMIC channel temperatures during life tests (2002)

Several analytical techniques were examined for predicting GaAs MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) junction temperatures to support reliability life tests. Series solution, finite difference, finite element, and boundary element methods were compared using a simple MMIC structure, and the boundary element method was found to be better for predicting MMIC junction temperatures. The series solution method, although it cannot model the plating layers on top of the device, was found to be quite useful for performing preliminary analyses. FETs on several MMIC devices were analyzed using the boundary element method. The thermal effects of several physical features and modeling assumptions were investigated. The thermal model predictions were compared with infrared imager and liquid crystal experimental data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-linear circuits applied to relays (1933)

In this article are described applications of simple series and parallel non-linear electrical circuits to a-c voltage and current relays; such relays are characterized by great sensitivity. The special properties of the resonant-current relay make it especially adaptable for use as an undercurrent or undervoltage relay.
Lane Detection and Kalman-Based Linear-Parabolic Lane Tracking (2009)

This paper presents a lane detection and linear-parabolic lane tracking system using Kalman filtering method. First, the image horizon is detected in a traffic scene to split the sky and road region. Road region is further analyzed with entropy method to remove the road pixels. Lane boundaries are then extracted from the region using lane markings detection. These detected boundaries are tracked in consecutive video frames with a linear-parabolic tracking model. The model parameters are updated with Kalman filtering method. Error-checking is performed iteratively to ensure the performance of the lane estimation model. Simulation results demonstrate good performance of the proposed Kalman-based linear-parabolic lane tracking system with fine parameters update.
Sugars and Proteins: Getting It Together (1998)

The discovery of major roles for carbohydrates in biology is far from a recent development. Indeed, our knowledge of the existence of the simple sugars found in natural foodstuffs, such as honey, and their use in the fermenting process is as old as civilised man himself. Moreover, beer- and wine-making is by far the earliest practical exploitation of any biological transformation. However, following the advent of modern science and the triumphant elucidation of the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism during the first half of the twentieth century (and of the defects responsible for many of the associated human disorders, such as galactosaemia, shortly afterwards), sugars were prematurely consigned to the margins of scientific research. By the spring of 1953, amid a flurry of activity, Francis Crick and James Watson had unveiled their proposed structure for DNA, heralding an unprecedented sea-change in scientific thinking and providing scientists with a new focus. Unfortunately, in contrast to the ‘life molecule,’ carbohydrates continued to hold little appeal for the vast majority of scientists: after all, their structures and functions were at the time considered well-defined, and their biology, at best, unexciting. As Nathan Sharon, a pioneer in the field of glycoproteins, notably remarked in 1993, carbohydrates were long regarded as ‘second-class citizens’ of the cell. This is not to say that researchers failed to appreciate the fundamental importance of carbohydrates in living systems: organisms as diverse as bacteria and humans had been found to metabolise dietary sugars (be they simple sugars such as glucose, sucrose and lactose, or much larger carbohydrates like starch and cellulose) to provide energy, or, in the higher species, to appropriate them for the production of polysaccharides, a class of high molecular-weight carbohydrate polymers.
Access Control for Multi-tenancy in Cloud-Based Health Information Systems (2015)

Cloud technology can be used to support costeffective, scalable, and well-managed healthcare information systems. However, cloud computing, particularly multitenancy, introduces privacy and security issues related to personal health information (PHI). In this paper, we designed ontological models for healthcare workflow and multi-tenancy, and then applied HIPAA requirements on the models to generate HIPAA-compliant access control policies. We used Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) to represent access control policies as rules, and we verified the rules with an OWL-DL reasoner. Additionally, we implemented HIPAA security rules through access control policies in a cloud-based simulated healthcare environment. More specifically, we investigated access control policy specification and enforcement for cloud based healthcare information systems using an open source cloud platform, OpenStack. The results manifest HIPAA compliance through authorization policies that are capable of addressing vulnerabilities of multi-tenancy.
To select or to combine? The inventory performance of model and expert forecasts (2016)

Demand forecasting is a crucial input of any inventory system. The quality of the forecasts should be evaluated not only in terms of forecast accuracy or bias but also with regards to their inventory implications, which include the impact on the total inventory cost, the achieved service levels and the variance of orders and inventory. Forecast selection and combination are two very widely applied forecasting strategies that have shown repeatedly to increase the forecasting performance. However, the inventory performance of these strategies remains unexplored. We empirically examine the effects of forecast selection and combination on inventory when two sources of forecasts are available. We employ a large data-set that contains demands and (statistical and judgmental) forecasts for multiple pharmaceutical stock keeping units. We show that forecast selection and simple combination increase simultaneously the forecasting and inventory performance.
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists in prostate cancer. Elimination of flare reaction by pretreatment with cyproterone acetate and low-dose diethylstilbestrol (1993)

These results imply that in the absence of LHRH-induced tumor flare, prognosis is related to the ability of therapy to maintain a PSA nadir in the normal range.
Structure Determination of Antibodies and Antibody-Antigen Complexes by Molecular Replacement (1993)

Three-dimensional structures of antibody and antibody-antigen complexes that have been solved to date exhibit highly conserved folding motifs, and the main structural differences between antibodies are restricted to the interdomain angles and the antigen-binding site. This knowledge has been successfully used to solve a large number of crystal structures of antibody fragments by molecular replacement. This paper reviews approaches that have been used in solving these crystal structures.
Improvement of hearing aid compatibility (HAC) of terminal antennas using wavetraps (2009)

A technique for reducing the antenna induced electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of the earpiece speaker in mobile phones is presented, thereby improving the hearing aid compatibility (HAC). By introducing resonant quarter-wave short-circuited transmission lines to each long side of the chassis edges, the earpiece speaker section of the chassis is electrically decoupled from the antenna section. The proposed technique has been validated through simulations and measurements.
Learning From More Than One Data Source: Data Fusion Techniques for Sensorimotor Rhythm-Based Brain–Computer Interfaces (2015)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are successfully used in scientific, therapeutic and other applications. Remaining challenges are among others a low signal-to-noise ratio of neural signals, lack of robustness for decoders in the presence of inter-trial and inter-subject variability, time constraints on the calibration phase and the use of BCIs outside a controlled lab environment. Recent advances in BCI research addressed these issues by novel combinations of complementary analysis as well as recording techniques, so called hybrid BCIs. In this paper, we review a number of data fusion techniques for BCI along with hybrid methods for BCI that have recently emerged. Our focus will be on sensorimotor rhythm-based BCIs. We will give an overview of the three main lines of research in this area, integration of complementary features of neural activation, integration of multiple previous sessions and of multiple subjects, and show how these techniques can be used to enhance modern BCI systems.
Unexpected complexity in the interference activity of a cloned influenza defective interfering RNA (2017)

Our data contradict the dogma that a DI RNA only interferes with expression from its cognate full-length segment. There is reciprocity as cloned segment 2 and 3 DI RNAs inhibited expression of RNAs from a segment 1 target. These data demonstrate an unexpected complexity in the mechanism of interference by this cloned therapeutic DI RNA.
Complexity in Regulation of Tryptophan Biosynthesis in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2005)

Bacillus subtilis uses novel regulatory mechanisms in controlling expression of its genes of tryptophan synthesis and transport. These mechanisms respond to changes in the intracellular concentrations of free tryptophan and uncharged tRNA(Trp). The major B. subtilis protein that regulates tryptophan biosynthesis is the tryptophan-activated RNA-binding attenuation protein, TRAP. TRAP is a ring-shaped molecule composed of 11 identical subunits. Active TRAP binds to unique RNA segments containing multiple trinucleotide (NAG) repeats. Binding regulates both transcription termination and translation in the trp operon, and translation of other coding regions relevant to tryptophan metabolism. When there is a deficiency of charged tRNA(Trp), B. subtilis forms an anti-TRAP protein, AT. AT antagonizes TRAP function, thereby increasing expression of all the genes regulated by TRAP. Thus B. subtilis and Escherichia coli respond to identical regulatory signals, tryptophan and uncharged tRNA(Trp), yet they employ different mechanisms in regulating trp gene expression.
Directed ortho-metalation and Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling connections: regiospecific synthesis of all isomeric chlorodihydroxybiphenyls for microbial degradation studies of PCBs (1999)

S. Nerdinger, R. Marchhart, P. Riebel, C. Kendall, M. R. Johnson, C.-F. Yin, V. Snieckus and L. D. Eltis, Chem. Commun., 1999, 2259 DOI: 10.1039/A907279I
Calculation of load capacity of gears in random varying exploitation conditions (2000)

A high degree of accuracy in dimensioning and controlling the safety from destruction can be reached by measuring exploitation load of the vital elements of the construction. The choice of the adequate load spectrum is performed by introducing a number of representative spectrums for particular operating conditions, each of these having its probability of occurrence. The easiest way to solve the problem is to introduce the standardised load spectrums with the aim of forming the catalogues of the standardised load spectrums for representative mechanical systems. .
New blackberry: Boysen variety, shiny type, has flavor resembling a high quality wild berry (1949)

Studies by the Division of Pomology at Davis, to determine the value of blackberry varieties for commercial planting— their promise as parental material in a breeding program—includes the new shiny type of the Boysen variety here described for the first time.
Analysis of Multifactorial Social Unrest Events with Spatio-Temporal k-Dimensional Tree-based DBSCAN (2018)

Clustering geospatial event data requires defining a distance function between events as well as representing neighborhood characteristics where an event occurred in numerical or categorical values. For events such as social unrest events, in addition to the geospatial coordinates and time stamps, other factors needed to understand how they evolve include socioeconomic factors that fuel, say, the emergence of a social unrest event, and infrastructural factors that facilitate, say, the propagation of an event to nearby regions. In this paper, we focus on addressing two main challenges in spatiotemporal clustering of such event data: (1) how to derive a numeric representation of nearby geospatial objects in a neighborhood for an event, and (2) how to improve the clustering process to scale well for very large datasets. To address the first challenge, we propose two metrics---proximity and density---of geospatial objects, and incorporate them into the definition of a distance function between events. To address the second challenge, we propose a novel Spatio-Temporal k-Dimensional Tree-based DBSCAN (ST-KDT-DBSCAN) clustering approach that restricts the search radius for each event during clustering by first organizing the dataset into a k-dimensional tree structure, subsequently creating a Fixed-Radius Near Neighbor (FRNN) object for each event, and then carrying out DBSCAN considering only each event's FRNN object when computing reachability. We have applied the solutions to 29,371 unrest events with socioeconomic and infrastructural factors recorded for the year 2014 in India, to identify event episodes in order to analyze how social unrest evolves. Our results show the viability and scalability of our solutions.
Introduction (2020)

This book marks the centenary of the foundation of the Church in Wales, Yr Eglwys yng Nghymru, as a separate province of the global Anglican Communion. It seeks to describe, explain and evaluate landmark developments in the life of the Church in Wales, following the disestablishment of the Church of England in Wales in 1920, as they have unfolded during the course of the century. The book focusses on key areas of activity of the Church over the years and the challenges and opportunities which these have involved as the Church has sought to carry out its mission and ministry in witness to the Christian faith and in service to the people of Wales. Each chapter seeks to explore the evolution of the mind and practice of the Church in each of these areas in terms of theology, law, policy, impact and experience.
Parallel digital modem using multirate digital filter banks (1994)

A new class of architectures for an all-digital modem is presented in this report. This architecture, referred to as the parallel receiver (PRX), is based on employing multirate digital filter banks (DFB's) to demodulate, track, and detect the received symbol stream. The resulting architecture is derived, and specifications are outlined for designing the DFB for the PRX. The key feature of this approach is a lower processing rate then either the Nyquist rate or the symbol rate, without any degradation in the symbol error rate. Due to the freedom in choosing the processing rate, the designer is able to arbitrarily select and use digital components, independent of the speed of the integrated circuit technology. PRX architecture is particularly suited for high data rate applications, and due to the modular structure of the parallel signal path, expansion to even higher data rates is accommodated with each. Applications of the PRX would include gigabit satellite channels, multiple spacecraft, optical links, interactive cable-TV, telemedicine, code division multiple access (CDMA) communications, and others.
Nonlinear system diagnosis using neural networks and fuzzy logic (2003)

The authors propose a real-time diagnostic system using a combination of neural networks and fuzzy logic. This neuro-fuzzy hybrid system utilizes real-time processing, prediction, and data fusion. A layer of n trained neural networks processes n independent time series (channels) which can be contaminated with environmental noise. Each network is trained to predict the future behavior of one time series. The prediction error and its rate of change from each channel are computed and sent to a fuzzy logic decision output stage, which contains n+1 modules. The (n+1)th final-output module performs data fusion by combining n individual fuzzy decisions that are tuned to match the domain expert's need.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LOWER ALIPHATIC 2-OXOACIDS AND THEIR ETEYL ESTERS FROM ETHYL ESTERS OF 2-HYDROXY ACIDS (1989)

(1989). LOWER ALIPHATIC 2-OXOACIDS AND THEIR ETEYL ESTERS FROM ETHYL ESTERS OF 2-HYDROXY ACIDS. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 75-82.
Autologous and allogeneic transplantation with peripheral blood CD34+ cells: a pediatric experience. (1999)

A review of the literature shows that with current CD34+ selection methods, purity of the CD34+ cell fraction can range from 30% to 90%, and two to three logs of T-cell depletion can be achieved. Tumor cell contamination has not yet been fully evaluated. The clonogenic activity of progenitor cells after CD34+ selection from PB remains high. Transplantation of autologous selected CD34+ cells from PBSC gives prompt and stable engraftment. The long-term therapeutic efficacy should be evaluated with regard to tumor recurrence. Allogeneic CD34+ selected cells successfully engraft immunomyeloablated recipients though a mega-cell dose effect between HLA-matched pairs. The results of allogeneic CD34+ selected cell transplantation from HLA-mismatched donors are, so far, not satisfactory because of the high rate of rejection, severe infectious complications and relapse of the disease. CD34+ selection may also be used as a target of gene therapy, as a source of dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy and for the treatment of patients with autoimmune disease.
A Multiple-Stream Registerless Shared-Resource Processor (1974)

A novel high-performance processor architecture for processing a large number of independent instruction streams is proposed and its operating behavior studied. The proposed processor operates on instruction words in a two-address format (thereby eliminating the "operating registers"), and is organized in a fashion which permits as high degree of internal buffering and pipelining. The processor has the following properties: 1) The hardware cost grows only slightly more than linearly with the overall implementation cost; 2) The overall performance is primarily dependent on the processor wordtime and is only secondarily dependent on the supporting memory cycle time; 3) All instruction stream interfaces with memory occur at special queuing (buffer) units which are used to "unscramble" the instruction streams and continually provide work for subsequent processing elements.