gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Making of the "Rust Belt" in the Minds of North Americans, 1969-1984 (1997)

Roger & Me, Michael Moore's irreverent 1989 film documentary about cor- porate greed and the hollowness of the American Dream, propelled Flint, Michigan into the North American limelight. The fall of Moore's home town was a decidedly sharp one. To the upbeat music of the Beach Boys' "Wouldn't It Be Nice," Moore showed his audience what Flint had become— a town of abandoned homes, vacant lots, boarded businesses, and empty streets. Interspersed between these scenes of urban decay were newspaper headlines announcing the closure of one automotive plant after another. Moore's technique of juxtaposing contrasting images led to a devastating indictment of General Motors. The most damning example occurred at the end of the film when Moore overlaid G. M. Chairman Roger Smith's Christmas message of human fellowship with visual images of a family being evicted on Christmas eve. While a choir sang "You Better Watch Out, You Better Not Cry," the family's meagre possessions were piled onto the curb- side; even the Christmas tree was added to the pile. The film's impact owed not only to the creativity of Michael Moore, but also to the fact that North Americans were already primed to interpret, in terms of decline, the history of Flint, and other industrial cities in the Great Lakes region. Had Moore made such a negative film about a city—in what was then known as the "industrial heartland"—-at the outset of the 1969 recession, he would have been dismissed as an alarmist. By the 1980s, however, North Americans had become used to thinking pessimistically about the Great Lakes region. As the industrial heartland transmuted into the "Rust Belt" in the minds of Canadians and Americans, the fate of its cities became the ideal targets for black humour.1
RNA interference – small RNAs effectively fight viral hepatitis (2004)

RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of sequence-specific gene silencing, initiated by double-stranded RNA that is homologous in sequence to the target gene. This unique phenomenon has been extensively investigated during the last few years not only in the context of its mechanism and its possible role in the regulation of gene expression and cell function, but also as a potential powerful tool for gene therapy. Targeting essential viral genes or oncogenic alleles are only some of the possible applications of RNAi in the field of gene-directed therapy. This review covers the potential use of RNAi against hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, the main pathogens causing chronic liver disease. The major milestones along the discovery of RNAi will also be covered.
Cloning and expression of mycobacterial plasmid DNA in Escherichia coli (1985)

We examined a small, 5.0-kb plasmid from Mycobacterium fortuitum, designated pAL5000. A restriction map of this plasmid was established. The complete sequence of pAL5000 was cloned in 3 different sites (BamHI, EcoRI, and EcoRV) of pBR322, and in the 3 possible orientations relative to the vector-derived sequence. The pBR322:: pAL5000 hybrids were used to transform the Escherichia coli mutant (minA, minB). Two of the hybrid plasmids (pAL15 and pAL51) coded for the same protein in the minicells, indicating that a sequence of mycobacterial plasmid DNA may function as a promotor recognised by the transcription-translation apparatus of E. coli.
Antioxidative Pigments Isolated from the Seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntioxidative Pigments Isolated from the Seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L.Takanori Tsuda, Toshihiko Osawa, Katsumi Ohshima, and Shunro KawakishiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 2, 248–251Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00038a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00038a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views555Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust Fastener Detection for Autonomous Visual Railway Track Inspection (2015)

Fasteners are critical railway components that maintain the rails in a fixed position. Their failure can lead to train derailments due to gage widening or wheel climb, so their condition needs to be periodically monitored. Several computer vision methods have been proposed in the literature for track inspection applications. However, these methods are not robust to clutter and background noise present in the railroad environment. This paper proposes a new method for fastener detection by 1) carefully aligning the training data, 2) reducing intra-class variation, and 3) bootstrapping difficult samples to improve the classification margin. Using the histogram of oriented gradients features and a combination of linear SVM classifiers, the system described in this paper can inspect ties for missing or defective rail fastener problems with a probability of detection of 98% and a false alarm rate of 1.23% on a new dataset of 85 miles of concrete tie images collected in the US Northeast Corridor (NEC) between 2012 and 2013. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset of 203,287 crossties is the largest ever reported in the literature.
Sequence and mutational analysis of <i>ESS1</i>, a gene essential for growth in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1989)

A newly isolated gene, ESS1, was shown to encode a protein required for vegetative growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The nucleotide sequence of ESS1 revealed a 172 amino acid open reading frame predicting a highly basic, 19.5 kilodalton product. Although the gene was isolated by cross-hybridization with the vertebrate v-sis oncogene, the primary amino acid sequence bears only a slight resemblance to the p28sis protein. ESS1 was shown to be single copy in the yeast genome and transcriptionally active during logarithmic growth. It is located on the right arm of chromosome X, 6 centimorgans distal to ilv3. The genetic map location indicates it is not allelic to any previously characterized mutation in this organism. Both inactivation of ESS1 by gene disruption and overexpression by fusion to a heterologous promoter were detrimental to growth in both haploid and diploid cell types. Under non-permissive conditions, the terminal phenotype of strains containing a suppressible amber mutation within ESS1 was one of aberrant multibudded structures. Examination of this morphology indicates that loss of ESS1 function may lead to a defect in cytokinesis or cell separation.
A New LSI Interconnection Method for IC Cards (1987)

A new LSI interconnection method, the printed wiring connection (PWC) method, has already been developed. This method involves a planar interconnection, formed by screen printing, utilizing a polymeric conductor. Using this new method, an IC card was made, and the feasibility of applying this method to IC card packaging was investigated. The IC card developed has passed most reliability tests based on the ISO standard and several environmental tests to prove its application feasibility.
A Survey of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Lymphoid Tissue: Frequent Detection in Hodgkin’s Disease (1989)

A total of 151 unselected malignant and nonmalignant lymphoid tissue samples were surveyed by Southern blotting for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. Eight of 28 Hodgkin's disease (HD) samples (29%) had detectable EBV DNA. Both nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity histologic results were positive. The tumor type with the next highest frequency, 8%, was diffuse large cell lymphoma. The presence of EBV DNA in some HD biopsies suggests that EBV may be a factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. Alternatively, its presence may be secondary to the immune deficiency characteristic of HD. The clonal B-lymphocyte expansions reported in some cases of HD may result from EBV infection.
Identification of Biological Activity Profiles Using Substructural Analysis and Genetic Algorithms (1998)

A substructural analysis approach is used to calculate biological activity profiles, which contain weights that describe the differential occurrences of generic features (specifically, the numbers of hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors, the numbers of rotatable bonds and aromatic rings, the molecular weights, and the 2 kappa alpha descriptors) in active molecules taken from the World Drug Index and in (presumed) inactive molecules taken from the SPRESI database. Even with such simple structural descriptors, the profiles discriminate effectively between active and inactive compounds. The effectiveness of the approach is further increased by using a genetic algorithm for the calculation of the weights comprising a profile. The methods have been successfully applied to a number of different data sets.
Evaluation of the Contraceptive Potential of Recombinant Human ZP3 and Human ZP3 Peptides in a Primate Model: Their Safety and Efficacy (1998)

Clearly, further research is required to identify optimal B-cell epitopes that will reliably induce infertility, free from any ovarian pathology.
An SRAM Based Monitor for Mixed-Field Radiation Environments (2014)

CERN hosts a large number of electronic devices and equipment, functioning over its different particle accelerators. In certain areas, they operate in harsh radiation environments. In order to assure their proper functionality, the equipment or some of their sensitive components undergo several tests in experimental test areas representative of the LHC radiation fields, while specialized monitors constantly record the respective radiation levels. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of monitors using recent technology nodes (90 nm) in order to have a better estimation of the expected error rate of the devices. The H4IRRAD experimental test area has been specifically designed to reproduce the radiation field that is present within the LHC tunnel and shielded areas. It has been used to test our custom SRAM based monitors. The monitors have been exposed to a maximum dose and high energy hadron fluence of about 76 Gy and 1.3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> respectively. The results show that the total ionizing dose (TID) effect does not impact the bit cross section of our devices. Moreover the Single Event occurrence is coherent to the beam intensity fluctuations, proving that these devices are appropriate for SEU monitoring under mixed particle fields.
The Arabidopsis <i>SOS5</i> Locus Encodes a Putative Cell Surface Adhesion Protein and Is Required for Normal Cell Expansion (2002)

Cell surface proteoglycans have been implicated in many aspects of plant growth and development, but genetic evidence supporting their function has been lacking. Here, we report that the Salt Overly Sensitive5 (SOS5) gene encodes a putative cell surface adhesion protein and is required for normal cell expansion. The sos5 mutant was isolated in a screen for Arabidopsis salt-hypersensitive mutants. Under salt stress, the root tips of sos5 mutant plants swell and root growth is arrested. The root-swelling phenotype is caused by abnormal expansion of epidermal, cortical, and endodermal cells. The SOS5 gene was isolated through map-based cloning. The predicted SOS5 protein contains an N-terminal signal sequence for plasma membrane localization, two arabinogalactan protein-like domains, two fasciclin-like domains, and a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol lipid anchor signal sequence. The presence of fasciclin-like domains, which typically are found in animal cell adhesion proteins, suggests a role for SOS5 in cell-to-cell adhesion in plants. The SOS5 protein was present at the outer surface of the plasma membrane. The cell walls are thinner in the sos5 mutant, and those between neighboring epidermal and cortical cells in sos5 roots appear less organized. SOS5 is expressed ubiquitously in all plant organs and tissues, including guard cells in the leaf.
<i>In Vitro</i>Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils against<i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (2013)

Streptococcus pyogenes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tonsillitis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activities of 18 essential oils chemotypes from aromatic medicinal plants against S. pyogenes. Antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated using disc diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of essential oils showing an important antibacterial activity was measured using broth dilution method. Out of 18 essential oils tested, 14 showed antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes. Among them Cinnamomum verum, Cymbopogon citratus, Thymus vulgaris CT thymol, Origanum compactum, and Satureja montana essential oils exhibited significant antibacterial activity. The in vitro results reported here suggest that, for patients suffering from bacterial throat infections, if aromatherapy is used, these essential oils, considered as potential antimicrobial agents, should be preferred.
Profiling of Short-Tandem-Repeat Disease Alleles in 12,632 Human Whole Genomes (2017)

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are hyper-mutable sequences in the human genome. They are often used in forensics and population genetics and are also the underlying cause of many genetic diseases. There are challenges associated with accurately determining the length polymorphism of STR loci in the genome by next-generation sequencing (NGS). In particular, accurate detection of pathological STR expansion is limited by the sequence read length during whole-genome analysis. We developed TREDPARSE, a software package that incorporates various cues from read alignment and paired-end distance distribution, as well as a sequence stutter model, in a probabilistic framework to infer repeat sizes for genetic loci, and we used this software to infer repeat sizes for 30 known disease loci. Using simulated data, we show that TREDPARSE outperforms other available software. We sampled the full genome sequences of 12,632 individuals to an average read depth of approximately 30× to 40× with Illumina HiSeq X. We identified 138 individuals with risk alleles at 15 STR disease loci. We validated a representative subset of the samples (n = 19) by Sanger and by Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Additionally, we validated the STR calls against known allele sizes in a set of GeT-RM reference cell-line materials (n = 6). Several STR loci that are entirely guanine or cytosines (G or C) have insufficient read evidence for inference and therefore could not be assayed precisely by TREDPARSE. TREDPARSE extends the limit of STR size detection beyond the physical sequence read length. This extension is critical because many of the disease risk cutoffs are close to or beyond the short sequence read length of 100 to 150 bases.
Directly written monolithic waveguide laser incorporating a distributed feedback waveguide-Bragg grating (2008)

We report the fabrication and performance of the first C-band directly written monolithic waveguide laser (WGL). The WGL device was created in an erbium- and ytterbium-doped phosphate glass host and consisted of an optical waveguide that included a distributed feedback Bragg grating structure. The femtosecond laser direct-write technique was used to create both the waveguide and the waveguide-Bragg grating simultaneously and in a single processing step. The waveguide laser was optically pumped at approximately 980 nm and lased at 1,537 nm with a bandwidth of less than 4 pm.
Oncogenic KRAS Desensitizes Colorectal Tumor Cells to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition and Activation (2010)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting therapeutics have shown efficacy in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. Clinical studies have revealed that activating mutations in the KRAS protooncogene predict resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy. However, the causality between mutant KRAS and resistance to EGFR inhibition has so far not been demonstrated. Here, we show that deletion of the oncogenic KRAS allele from colorectal tumor cells resensitizes those cells to EGFR inhibitors. Resensitization was accompanied by an acquired dependency on the EGFR for maintaining basal extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Deletion of oncogenic KRAS not only resensitized tumor cells to EGFR inhibition but also promoted EGF-induced NRAS activation, ERK and AKT phosphorylation, and c-FOS transcription. The poor responsiveness of mutant KRAS tumor cells to EGFR inhibition and activation was accompanied by a reduced capacity of these cells to bind and internalize EGF and by a failure to retain EGFR at the plasma membrane. Of 16 human colorectal tumors with activating mutations in KRAS, 15 displayed loss of basolateral EGFR localization. Plasma membrane localization of the EGFR could be restored in vitro by suppressing receptor endocytosis through Rho kinase inhibition. This caused an EGFR-dependent increase in basal and EGF-stimulated ERK phosphorylation but failed to restore tumor cell sensitivity to EGFR inhibition. Our results demonstrate a causal role for oncogenic KRAS in desensitizing tumor cells not only to EGFR inhibitors but also to EGF itself.
Intranasal Insulin Suppresses Food Intake via Enhancement of Brain Energy Levels in Humans (2012)

Cerebral insulin exerts anorexic effects in humans and animals. The underlying mechanisms, however, are not clear. Because insulin physiologically facilitates glucose uptake by most tissues of the body and thereby fosters intracellular energy supply, we hypothesized that intranasal insulin reduces food consumption via enhancement of the neuroenergetic level. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject comparison, 15 healthy men (BMI 22.2 ± 0.37 kg/m(2)) aged 22-28 years were intranasally administered insulin (40 IU) or placebo after an overnight fast. Cerebral energy metabolism was assessed by (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At 100 min after spray administration, participants consumed ad libitum from a test buffet. Our data show that intranasal insulin increases brain energy (i.e., adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine levels). Cerebral energy content correlates inversely with subsequent calorie intake in the control condition. Moreover, the neuroenergetic rise upon insulin administration correlates with the consecutive reduction in free-choice calorie consumption. Brain energy levels may therefore constitute a predictive value for food intake. Given that the brain synchronizes food intake behavior in dependence of its current energetic status, a future challenge in obesity treatment may be to therapeutically influence cerebral energy homeostasis. Intranasal insulin, after optimizing its application schema, seems a promising option in this regard.
Efficient encapsidation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vectors and further characterization of cis elements required for encapsidation (1997)

To determine whether there is a cis-acting effect of translational expression of gag on RNA encapsidation, we compared the encapsidation of wild-type RNA with that of a mutant in which the translation of gag was ablated. This comparison indicated that there is not such a cis effect. To determine what is necessary and sufficient for encapsidation, we measured the relative encapsidation efficiencies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vector RNAs containing mutations in domains proximal to the canonical encapsidation signal or containing large deletions in the remainder of the genome. These data indicate that TAR and two additional regions are required for encapsidation and that the 5' end of the genome is sufficient for encapsidation. The Rev-responsive element is required mainly for efficient RNA transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A foreign sequence was found to have a negative effect on encapsidation upon placement within the parental vector. Interestingly, this negative effect was compounded by multiple copies of the sequence.
Overexpression of elongation factor-1? protein in colorectal carcinoma (1998)

Previous studies showed that EF-1gamma mRNA frequently is overexpressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma. This study showed that EF-1gamma also was overexpressed at the protein level in colorectal adenocarcinoma relative to more distal normal-appearing mucosa from the same patient. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that this protein was expressed predominantly in the tumor epithelial cells and therefore was not derived from cells involved in the desmoplastic response.
Kinetic analysis of the induction period in lipoxygenase catalysis (1993)

The dioxygenation of 50 microM linoleate at 0.1 microM (13S)-hydroperoxylinoleate, 240 microM O2, pH 10, and 25 degrees C, catalyzed by varying amounts of soybean lipoxygenase-1, was studied with rapid kinetic techniques. The aim was to assess the effect of transient redistributions of the Fe(II) and Fe(III) enzyme forms on the shape of the reaction progress curves. Reactions initiated with iron(II) lipoxygenase show an initial increase in rate, the "kinetic lag phase" or "induction period". The duration of this induction period varies from approximately 1 s at [lipoxygenase] > 20 nM to 5 s at [lipoxygenase] = 3 nM. At [lipoxygenase] < 2 nM, the duration of the induction period in these curves is inversely proportional to [lipoxygenase]. The integrated steady-state rate equation for the single fatty acid binding site model of lipoxygenase catalysis [Schilstra et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 7692-7699] also shows an induction period whose duration is inversely proportional to [lipoxygenase]. These observations, in combination with non-steady-state numerical simulations, lead to the conclusion that, at [lipoxygenase] < 2 nM, pre-steady-state redistributions of enzyme intermediates occur fast with respect to the rate at which the concentrations of substrates and products change. At higher lipoxygenase concentrations, the pre-steady-state redistributions contribute significantly to the induction period. From a nonlinear least-squares fit to the steady-state rate equation of data obtained at lipoxygenase concentrations of 0.5 and 1 nM, it was calculated that 1% of the linoleate radicals that are formed after hydrogen abstraction dissociate from the active site before enzymic oxygen insertion has occurred.