gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological evaluation of the extracts of<i>Sphaeranthus indicus</i>flowers on anxiolytic activity in mice (2006)

<b>Objective:</b> The objective of the study was to investigate the anxiolytic activity of petroleum ether, alcohol and water extracts, obtained from the flowers of<i> Sphaeranthus indicus </i> Linn, in mice. <br><b> Materials and Methods:</b> Elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT) and foot-shock induced aggression (FSIA) were the screening tests used to assess the anxiolytic activity of the extracts on mice. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) served as the standard anxiolytic agent. <br><b> Results:</b> The animals receiving extracts or diazepam (1 mg/kg) showed an increase in the time spent, percent entries and total entries in the open arm of the EPM; increased ambulation, activity at centre and total locomotion in the OFT; and decreased fighting bouts in the FSIA, suggesting anxiolytic activity. Petroleum ether extract (10 mg/kg), alcoholic extract (10 mg/kg) and water extract (30 mg/kg) resulted in prominent activity in the mice. Petroleum ether extract (10 mg/kg) resulted in more prominent anxiolytic activity in the EPM and OFT than ethanolic or water extracts, but was less than that produced by diazepam (1 mg/kg). <br><b> Conclusion:</b> Petroleum ether extract of <i> S. indicus</i> flowers produces prominent anxiolytic activity in mice.
Anti-obesity Effects of Sparassis crispa on High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice (2014)

본 연구는 고지방식이로 유도한 비만 흰쥐에 대한 꽃송이 버섯의 항비만 효과를 관찰하였다. 6주령 수컷 C57BL/6 마우스를 이용하여 칼로리의 45%를 지방으로 구성한 고지방식이를 이용하여 비만을 유도하였으며, 대조군은 정상식이를 제공하였다. 처리군은 고지방 식이에 꽃송이 버섯 분말을 1%, 3%, 5% 수준으로 첨가하여 12주간 제공하였다. 체중, 식이섭취, 장기무게, 내장지방, 혈청지질, 변무게 및 변지방, 간지방, 조직병리실험을 실시하였다. 고지방식이 섭취군은 체중, 식이섭취, 피하지방 및 복막하지방, 혈청 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방농도, 변지방, 간지방, 부고환지방 조직의 지방세포 크기가 증가하였다. 그러나 고지방식이에 꽃송이 버섯 분말을 첨가한 실험군에서는 체중증가, 식이섭취 및 식이효율, 간 콜레스테롤 함량, 내장지방 무게가 꽃송이 버섯 첨가량에 따라 감소하였다. 특히, 5% 꽃송이버섯 첨가군은 간세포의 지방축적과 지방간 현상이 현저히 개선되었으며, 부고환 지방조직에서의 지방세포 크기도 현저히 감소하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 볼 때, 꽃송이 버섯은 뛰어난 항비만 효과를 가지고 있어, 비만 조절을 위한 기능성 식품으로의 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. The present study investigated the anti-obesity effects of Sparassis crispa (SC) on mice fed a high-fat (HF, 45 kcal% fat) diet. Mice were fed either a normal control diet and an HF diet or an HF diet supplemented with SC (1%, 3%, and 5%) for 12 weeks. The consumption of an HF diet compared to the NC group resulted in increases in body weight, the food efficiency ratio (FER), retroperitoneal and subcutaneous fat weights, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, fecal fat, and liver lipids. However, the administration of SC significantly decreased body weight gain, food intake, FER, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and liver lipids in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, treatment with 5% SC significantly reduced the occurrence of fatty liver deposits and steatosis, which are associated with the increased adipocyte size in mice fed an HF diet. Therefore, these results suggested that dietary supplementation with SC exerts anti-obesity effects and could be used as a functional food to control obesity.
A New Monoclonal Antibody Which Selectively Recognizes the Active Form of Src Tyrosine Kinase (1996)

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of Tyr-530 in human c-Src (Tyr-527 in avian c-Src) is critical in regulating c-Src kinase activity. So far, it has not been possible to distinguish the active and inactive forms in vivo. We now report a new monoclonal antibody that selectively recognizes the active form of c-Src. This antibody, termed clone 28, recognized a region adjacent to Tyr-530 (Q529YQP532) in the C-terminal regulatory domain of c-Src, and its binding was hindered by phosphorylation of this tyrosine as determined by peptide competition assay. Combined immunoprecipitation/Western blotting revealed that clone 28 reacted with a 60-kDa protein that was precipitated by mAb 327, a well known monoclonal antibody against v-Src and c-Src. Cyanogen bromide cleavage and two-dimensional tryptic maps confirmed that clone 28 was specific for the active form (Tyr-530 not phosphorylated), whereas mAb 327 recognized the inactive form (Tyr-530 phosphorylated) as well as the active form. Clone 28 selectively immunoprecipitated the active form and augmented its kinase activity. Preabsorption experiments revealed that clone 28 could not completely immunoprecipitate the mAb 327 binding 60-kDa protein in either an in vitro or an in vivo phosphorylation system. These observations, taken together, strongly suggest the existence of multiple forms of c-Src as proposed by Cooper and Howell (1993) (Cooper, J. A., and Howell, B. (1993) Cell 73, 1051-1054). Using clone 28, we demonstrated a distinct localization of the active form of c-Src within cultured normal fibroblast cells. In liver tissue sections, we also examined the distribution of the active form in embryonic mice. Megakaryocytes were strongly stained, in contrast to completely negative immunoreactivity in hepatocytes, reticulocytes, and granulocytes. This result provides the first direct evidence that c-Src is highly activated in platelets.
Ni<sub>2</sub>P nanoparticle films supported on a Ti plate as an efficient hydrogen evolution cathode (2014)

In this communication, we report a two-step strategy for low-temperature construction of Ni2P nanoparticle films supported on a Ti plate (Ni2P/Ti). When used as an integrated hydrogen evolution cathode, the Ni2P/Ti electrode exhibits remarkable catalytic activity, superior stability and nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency in acidic solutions, and it needs overpotentials of 138 and 188 mV to afford current densities of 20 and 100 mA cm(-2), respectively.
Interface Recombination Reduction by (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>x</sub>-Passivation in Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition Regrown GaAlAs/GaAs Buried Heterostructure Lasers and Estimation of Threshold Currents in Microcavity Surface Emitting Lasers (1992)

Ammonium sulfide [(NH 4 ) 2 S x ] treatment has been applied to a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) regrowth process for GaAlAs/GaAs buried heterostructure (BH) lasers to reduce the nonradiative interface recombination. A mirrorlike Ga 0.9 Al 0.1 As layer was successfully grown on Ga 0.7 Al 0.3 As by introducing sulfur treatment before regrowth. The interface recombination velocity along the side wall of the active region was significantly reduced. This fabrication technology is expected to be effective in the realization of ultralow-threshold microcavity lasers.
The Complexity of Mechanisms in Ventricular Tachycardia (1993)

Several pathophysiological substrates may be responsible for ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurring in the chronic phase of a myocardial infarction. Reentrant circuits can have anatomical or functional characteristics. Macroreentrant or microreentrant circuits have been described. Activation maps have shown that the circuit can be represented as a single loop or as a figure-of-eight reentrant pattern. All these different substrates have in common that they result in sustained monomorphic VT. The adequate treatment will probably be different for each one of them. In this article, some possible pathophysiological substrates of VT occurring in the chronic phase of a myocardial infarction are reviewed. Finally, we speculate on how catheter ablation may modify each one of the substrates.
More Discussions on Intrinsic Frequency Detection Capability of Full-Rate Linear Phase Detector in Clock and Data Recovery (2018)

The full-rate linear phase detector (PD) has not only phase detection capability but also single-sided frequency detection capability intrinsically. Previously, this fact has been discovered by researching the phase and frequency characteristics of the combined full-rate linear PD and charge pump (CP) under the condition that the ratio of the received data frequency (fDATA) and the recovered clock frequency (fCLK) is set as an integer number. In this paper, for completeness of the theory, the phase and frequency characteristics of the combined full-rate linear PD and CP are studied again while the ratio of fDATA and fCLK is set as a general rational number. Additionally, theoretical analyses of the lock-in range and the lock time of the referenceless single-loop clock and data recovery (CDR) including the full-rate linear PD are newly developed and verified. The calculated lock times by the analysis results agree well with the measured lock times from the MATLAB Simulink simulations.
Factored Markov decision process models for stochastic unit commitment (2010)

In this paper, we consider stochastic unit commitment problems where power demand and the output of some generators are random variables. We represent stochastic unit commitment problems in the form of factored Markov decision process models, and propose an approximate algorithm to solve such models. By incorporating a risk component in the cost function, the algorithm can achieve a balance between the operational costs and blackout risks. The proposed algorithm outperformed existing non-stochastic approaches on several problem instances, resulting in both lower risks and operational costs.
Computerised analysis of fetal heart rate recordings in patients with diabetes mellitus: the Dawes-Redman criteria may not be valid indicators of fetal well-being (1998)

Computerised cardiotocograph analysis has been used in our medical antenatal clinic for women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus for five years. We had observed that many of the patients failed the computer criteria and wished to examine this finding in more detail. All cardiotocographs from 40 pregnant women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who delivered between 1992 and 1995 were reviewed. The number of traces failing the criteria were calculated. Outcome was compared between patients with a normal trace and those with an abnormal trace. 233 recordings were examined. 30.5% of antenatal CTGs failed the criteria because of absent high episodes of variation (a parameter which is a specific marker of fetal well-being). After excluding repeat traces on all patients a sample of 26 traces was examined. 34.6% of these had failed because of absent high episodes of variation. Both these figures are significantly higher than the published normal values. There was no apparent difference in neonatal outcome between women whose trace had failed (9) and those with a normal trace (17). We suggest that the normal values of criteria used to analyse computerised CTGs may not be valid when applied to fetuses of women with diabetes mellitus.
Dosimetry measurements with an intra-operative x-ray device (2010)

The INTRABEAM 50 kV x-ray device can be used for intra-operative partial breast irradiation. Spherical applicators are added to the source probe to deliver a radially symmetric radiation dose. Dosimetric data for calculation of absorbed dose were measured for this unit and a superficial unit with a similar beam quality, as defined by half value layer (HVL). Chamber calibration factors, N(K), and chamber correction factors, k(ch), were determined based on HVL, according to the IPEMB code of practice and addendum. Depth doses were also measured using an ionization chamber and GafChromic EBT film. HVL was measured as 0.85-1.30 mm Al across the range of applicator sizes. Values for N(K) and k(ch) were found to be similar for the two units and all INTRABEAM applicator sizes. Therefore, calibration of ionization chambers, radiochromic film and other relative dosimeters could be performed on the superficial unit. This has the advantage of higher dose rates and lower dependence on small variations in detector positioning. Depth dose measurements performed using film also agreed with chamber values, published and manufacturer data, giving a simple and robust method for commissioning and regular quality assurance.
Total synthesis of the structural gene for the precursor of a tyrosine suppressor transfer RNA from Escherichia coli. 11. Enzymatic joining to form the total DNA duplex. (1976)

The DNA duplex corresponding to the entire length (126 nucleotides) of the precursor for an Escherichia coli tyrosine tRNA has been synthesized. Duplex [I] (Sekiya, T., Besmer, P., Takeya, T., and Khorana, H. G.(1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 634-641), corresponding to the nucleotide sequence 1-26, containing single-stranded ends and carrying one appropriately labeled 5'-phosphate group, was joined to duplex [II] (Loewen, P. C., Miller, R. C., Panet, A., Sekiya, T., and Khorana, H. G. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 642-650) (nucleotide sequence 23-66 or 23-60) was phosphorylated with [gamma-33P]ATP at the 5'-OH ends. Duplex [III] (Panet, A., Kleppe, R., Kleppe, K., and Khorana, H. G. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 651-657) (nucleotide sequence 57-94 (Fig. 2)) was also phosphorylated at 5'-ends with [gamma-33P]ATP and was joined to duplex [IV] (Caruthers, M. H., Kleppe, R., Kleppe, K., and Khorana, H. G. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 658-666) (nucleotide sequence 90-126) which carried a 33P-labeled phosphate group on nucleotide 90. The joined product, duplex [III + IV] (nucleotide sequence 57-126) was characterized. The latter duplex was joined to the duplex [I + II] to give the total duplex. The latter contains singlestranded ends (nucleotides 1 to 6 and 121 to 126) which can either be "filled in" to produce the completely base-paired duplex or may be used to add the promoter and terminator regions at the appropriate ends.
Frequency conversion of Ti:sapphire-based femtosecond laser systems to the 200-nm spectral region using nonlinear optical crystals (1999)

We review the linear and nonlinear optical properties of crystals transparent near and below 200 nm and suitable for up conversion of femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser sources, /spl beta/-BaB/sub 2/O/sub 4/, the crystal with the largest birefringence of all presently available materials, is investigated experimentally as a quadrupler by mixing the fundamental and the third harmonic both using a 1-kHz repetition rate Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier and a 82-MHz mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. Milliwatt average powers near 200 nm are achieved in both cases. The sub-200-fs pulses at the fourth harmonic are almost bandwidth limited. Sum-frequency generation as a method for upconversion of femtosecond pulses is experimentally studied by mixing the fourth harmonic generated down to 189 nm by the regenerative amplifier with a parametrically generated femtosecond pulse in the infrared. Pulse energies at the microjoule level are produced with LiB/sub 3/O/sub 5/ above 180 nm. Li/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/ shows superior performance in the 170-180-nm range, and the shortest wavelength achieved with KB/sub 5/O/sub 8//spl middot/4H/sub 2/O is 166 nm.
Synthesis of FeP<sub>2</sub>/C nanohybrids and their performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (2014)

We report a facile one-pot synthetic route for FeP<sub>2</sub>/C nanohybrids, and their performance as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an acidic medium has been investigated.
High Performance Differential Elastic Actuator for Robotic Interaction Tasks. (2007)

Abstract- For complex robotic tasks (manipulation, locomotion, haptics,...), the lack of knowledge of precise interaction models, the difficulties to precisely measure the task associated physical quantities (force, speed,...) in real time and the non-collocation of sensors and transducers have negative effects on performance and stability of robots when using simple force or simple movement controllers. To cope with these issues, some researchers proposed a new approach named «interaction control » that refers to regulation of the robot’s dynamic behavior at its ports of interaction with the environment. Interaction control involves specifying a dynamic relationship between motion and force, and implementing a control law that attempts to minimize deviation from this relationship [1]. The implementation of machines able to precisely control interaction with its environment begins with the use of actuators specially designed for that purpose. To that effect, a new compact implementation design for high performance actuators that are especially adapted for integration in robotic mechanisms is presented, this design making use of a mechanical differential as central element. Differential coupling between an intrinsically high impedance transducer and an intrinsically low impedance spring element provides the same benefits as serial coupling [4]. However differential coupling allows new interesting design implementations possibilities, especially for rotational actuators I.
Solution of the Diffusion Equations in a Gas Centrifuge for Separation of Multi component Mixtures (1996)

Abstract The demand for stable isotopes in physical and chemical research and in medical diagnostics is growing, and the gas centrifuge process is able to provide large quantities of stable isotopes. A set of diffusion equations describing separation in a gas centrifuge for a multi component mixture is established. These equations involve general diffusion coefficients. Using the radial averaging method and the simplified diffusion transport vector for a multi component isotopic mixture, nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. An iteration method for the solution is presented. The relationship between the separation factor and the mass difference, γ ij = γ Mj o −Mi , is shown to be in agreement with both the computational and the experimental results with very high precision.
α, β‐Unsaturated Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of Several Arylpyridine and Arylpyridazine Derivatives (1989)

Abstract Several new azabiaryls and diazabiaryls were synthesized utilizing readily obtainable α, β‐unsaturated nitriles.
An update on necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and preventive strategies (2011)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most critical morbidities in preterm infants. The incidence of NEC is 7% in very-low-birth-weight infants, and its mortality is 15 to 30%. Infants who survive NEC have various complications, such as nosocomial infection, malnutrition, growth failure, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and neurodevelopmental delays. The most important etiology in the pathogenesis of NEC is structural and immunological intestinal immaturity. In preterm infants with immature gastrointestinal tracts, development of NEC may be associated with a variety of factors, such as colonization with pathogenic bacteria, secondary ischemia, genetic polymorphisms conferring NEC susceptibility, anemia with red blood cell transfusion, and sensitization to cow milk proteins. To date, a variety of preventive strategies has been accepted or attempted in clinical practice with regard to the pathogenesis of NEC. These strategies include the use of breast feeding, various feeding strategies, probiotics, prebiotics, glutamine and arginine, and lactoferrin. There is substantial evidence for the efficacy of breast feeding and the use of probiotics in infants with birth weights above 1,000 g, and these strategies are commonly used in clinical practice. Other preventive strategies, however, require further research to establish their effect on NEC.
User as intelligent agent: Interface design for intelligent monitoring systems (2002)

Summary form only given. Many apparent user interface problems with intelligent systems are really underlying information problems. Viewing the user as an intelligent agent in a distributed software system can help solve many of these problems. The human agent and intelligent software agent jointly manage faults in the monitored process, and the human supervises the intelligent system. These design concepts integrate user interface and intelligent system design. Using this approach can improve intelligent system robustness and usability. Usability is improved by designs based on task-relevant information requirements. Robustness is improved by designs with support for user supervision and recovery. To evaluate the information requirements approach to design, an intelligent system prototype has been built. The Decision Support System (DESSY) prototype monitors a subsystem of the Space Shuttle remote manipulator system, or Shuttle arm. Design of both the intelligent system and the user interface used information requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Persistent Behavioral Sensitization to Chronic l-DOPA Requires A<sub>2A</sub>Adenosine Receptors (2002)

To investigate the role of A(2A) adenosine receptors in adaptive responses to chronic intermittent dopamine receptor stimulation, we compared the behavioral sensitization elicited by repeated l-DOPA treatment in hemiparkinsonian wild-type (WT) and A(2A) adenosine receptor knock-out (A(2A) KO) mice. Although the unilateral nigrostriatal lesion produced by intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine was indistinguishable between WT and A(2A) KO mice, they developed strikingly different patterns of behavioral sensitization after daily treatment with low doses of l-DOPA for 3 weeks. WT mice initially displayed modest contralateral rotational responses and then developed progressively greater responses that reached a maximum within 1 week and persisted for the duration of the treatment. In contrast, any rotational behavioral sensitization in A(2A) KO mice was transient and completely reversed within 2 weeks. Similarly, the time to reach the peak rotation was progressively shortened in WT mice but remained unchanged in A(2A) KO mice. Furthermore, daily l-DOPA treatment produced gradually sensitized grooming in WT mice but failed to induce any sensitized grooming in A(2A) KO mice. Finally, repeated l-DOPA treatment reversed the 6-OHDA-induced reduction of striatal dynorphin mRNA in WT but not A(2A) KO mice, raising the possibility that the A(2A) receptor may contribute to l-DOPA-induced behavioral sensitization by facilitating adaptations within the dynorphin-expressing striatonigral pathway. Together these results demonstrate that the A(2A) receptor plays a critical role in the development and particularly the persistence of behavioral sensitization to repeated l-DOPA treatment. Furthermore, they raise the possibility that the maladaptive dyskinetic responses to chronic l-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease may be attenuated by A(2A) receptor inactivation.
Inhibition of topoisomerases from Pneumocystis carinii by aromatic dicationic molecules. (1992)

Pentamidine and related derivatives inhibit an ATP-dependent topoisomerase activity from Pneumocystis carinii extracts. Since it would be extremely difficult to purify ample quantities of the organisms to allow characterization of the enzyme and carry out drug binding experiments, we have begun the cloning of the topoisomerase genes with a goal towards expression of each gene in a heterologous system. Following construction of genomic libraries in the vectors lambda DASH and lambda ZAP, oligonucleotides corresponding to conserved regions of both topoisomerases I and II were used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of P. carinii DNA to generate probes. Candidate clones for both genes have been identified. Partial DNA sequence of the topoisomerase II gene has been determined.
Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor β–Activated Kinase Activation by Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts: Suppression of K<sup>63</sup>‐Linked Autoubiquitination of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Factor 6 (2015)

Our findings provide a rationale for targeting TAK1 for the treatment of RA with EGCG.