gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wastewater Treatment by Advanced Oxidation Process and Their Worldwide Research Trends (2019)

<i>Background</i>: Water is a scarce resource and is considered a fundamental pillar of sustainable development. The modern development of society requires more and more drinking water. For this cleaner wastewater, treatments are key factors. Among those that exist, advanced oxidation processes are being researched as one of the sustainable solutions. The main objective of this manuscript is to show the scientific advances in this field. <i>Methods</i>: In this paper, a systematic analysis of all the existing scientific works was carried out to verify the evolution of this line of research. <i>Results</i>: It was observed that the three main countries researching this field are China, Spain, and the USA. Regarding the scientific collaboration between countries, three clusters were detected-one of Spain, one of China and the USA, and one of Italy and France. The publications are grouped around three types of water: industrial, urban, and drinking. Regarding the research, 15 clusters identified from the keywords analyzed the advanced oxidation process (alone or combined with biological oxidation) with the type of wastewater and the target pollutant, removal of which is intended. Finally, the most important scientific communities or clusters detected in terms of the number of published articles were those related to the elimination of pollutants of biological origin, such as bacteria, and of industrial nature, such as pesticides or pharmaceutical products.
Direct 3D powder printing of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds for substitution of complex bone defects (2014)

The 3D printing technique based on cement powders is an excellent method for the fabrication of individual and complex bone substitutes even in the case of large defects. The outstanding bone remodeling capacity of biphasic calcium phosphates (BCPs) containing hydroxyapatite (HA) as well as tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in varying ratios makes the adaption of powder systems resulting in BCP materials to this fabrication technique a desirable aim. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel powder system for the 3D printing process, intended for the production of complexly shaped BCP scaffolds by a hydraulic setting reaction of calcium carbonate and TCP with phosphoric acid. The HA/TCP ratio in the specimens could be tailored by the calcium/phosphate ratio of the starting powder. The scaffolds could be fabricated with a dimensional accuracy of >96.5% and a minimal macro pore size of 300 µm. Independent of the phase composition the printed specimens showed a microporosity of approximately 68%, while the compressive strength strongly depended on the chemical composition and increased with rising TCP content in the scaffolds to a maximum of 1.81 MPa. Post-treatment of the scaffolds with a polylactic-co-glycolic acid-solution enhanced the mechanical properties by a factor of 8. In vitro studies showed that all BCP scaffolds were cytocompatible and enhanced the cell viability as well as the cell proliferation, as compared with pure TCP. Cell proliferation is even better on BCP when compared to HA and cell viability is in a similar range on these materials.
Distant talking robust speech recognition using late reflection components of room impulse response (2008)

We propose a robust and fast dereverberation technique for real-time speech recognition application. First, we effectively identify the late reflection components of the room impulse response. We use this information together with the concept of Spectral Subtraction (SS) to remove the late reflection components of the reverberant signal. In the absence of the clean speech in actual scenario, approximation is carried out in estimating the late reflection where the estimation error is corrected through multi-band SS. The multi-band coefficients are optimized during offiine training and used in the actual online dereverberation. The proposed method performs better and faster than the relevant approach using Multi-LPC and reverberant matched model. Moreover the proposed method is robust to speaker and microphone locations.
Glycopolymer vesicles with an asymmetric membrane (2009)

Direct dissolution of glycosylated polybutadiene-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers can lead to the spontaneous formation of vesicles or membranes, which on the outside are coated with glucose and on the inside with poly(ethylene oxide).
Signal-to-noise ratio in direct-detection mid-infrared Random-Modulation Continuous-Wave lidar in the presence of colored additive noise (2001)

We have derived the signal-to-noise ratio in direct-detection Random-Modulation Continuous-Wave (RM-CW) lidar in the presence of colored additive noise. In contrast to a known formula derived for the photon shot-noise regime, which may adequately describe experimental conditions in the near-infrared, our result is applicable mainly at longer, mid-infrared wavelengths. Unlike the former formula, our result is explicitly dependent on the pseudorandom code (PRC) used for modulation. Three known modulation codes, the M-, A1-, and A2-sequence are compared and shown to have practically equivalent signal and noise properties (provided that clutter inherent in the A1- and A2-sequence is neglected), except that the M-sequence has a near-zero-frequency noise pickup that degrades its performance in real measurement systems. This difference provides an alternative explanation of a better performance of the A1-/A2-sequence in a previous experiment [3], carried out in the near-infrared. It suggests the presence of an additive noise component and thus some applicability of our result also in near-infrared lidar. A need for balanced sequences - particularly in the mid-infrared - is explained, although in a different way than previously suggested in near-infrared, photon shot noise-limited lidar. Additional, sinusoidal carrier modulation is considered and shown to have significant drawbacks. Our results allow comparison of given modulation sequences, and construction of improved ones. Interestingly, the improved sequences will possess less "random" characteristics, seemingly against the underlying concept of random modulation.
Current knowledge and future directions for research on antioxidant vitamins in prevention of cancer, cardiovascular and eye diseases (1997)

Abstract
19세기 여성 비평문학의 출현과 그 의의 (2000)

This study was attempted to show the characteristics and significances of Kim Kyungchun's article appended to the final page of Kim...
Complex of rat transthyretin with tetraiodothyroacetic acid refined at 2.1 and 1.8 A resolution. (2001)

The crystal structure of rat transthyretin (rTTR) complex with 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid (T4Ac) was determined at 1.8 A resolution with low temperature synchrotron data collected at CHESS. The structure was refined to R = 0.207 and Rfree = 0.24 with the use of 8-1.8 A data. The additional 8000 reflections from the incomplete 2.1-1.8 data shell, included in the refinement, reduced the Rfree index by 1.3%. Structure comparison with the model refined against the complete 8-2.1 A data revealed no differences in the ligand orientation and the conformation of the polypeptide chain in the core regions. However, the high-resolution data included in the refinement improved the model in the flexible regions poorly defined with the lower resolution data. Also additional sixteen water molecules were found in the difference map calculated with the extended data. The structure revealed both forward and reverse binding of tetraiodothyroacetic acid in one binding site and two modes of forward ligand binding in the second site, with the phenolic iodine atoms occupying different sets of the halogen binding pockets.
Genomic DNA sequences of two new genes for new storage protein glutelin in rice. (1991)

A new cDNA and two genomic genes encoding the rice storage protein glutelin were isolated and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of one gene (GluA-3) was completely identical with that of the new cDNA identified here, and the other (GluA-4) was a pseudogene. These glutelin genes were closely related to each other, and belonged to the subfamily A containing the type I (GluA-1) and II (GluA-2) glutelin genes. The Northern blot analysis, using synthetic oligonucleotide specific to the GluA-3 gene as a probe, showed that this gene was expressed earlier than other glutelin genes during seed maturation.
Genomic organization of the human X11L2 gene (APBA3), a third member of the X11 protein family interacting with Alzheimerʼs β-amyloid precursor protein (1999)

Recently we cloned a new member of the X11 protein family, X11L2 (gene symbol APBA3) which interacts with Alzheimer's beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and has three protein-protein interaction domains, a phosphotyrosine interacting domain (PID) and two PDZ. Here, we report the genomic structure and mapping of the APBA3. The gene spans about 11 kb and is composed of ten coding exons and one untranslated exon. The transcription start site of APBA3 was found in a CpG island. About 1.2 kb of the 5'-flanking region was also sequenced, and its functional promoter activity was confirmed by transient transfection experiments. The APBA3 was localized by the radiation hybrid mapping to chromosome 19. Determination of the APBA3 genome structure will facilitate the linkage analysis and search for mutations in the APBA3 in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Functional expression of the olfactory signaling system in the kidney (2009)

Olfactory-like chemosensory signaling occurs outside of the olfactory epithelium. We find that major components of olfaction, including olfactory receptors (ORs), olfactory-related adenylate cyclase (AC3) and the olfactory G protein (G(olf)), are expressed in the kidney. AC3 and G(olf) colocalize in renal tubules and in macula densa (MD) cells which modulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR is significantly reduced in AC3(-/-) mice, suggesting that AC3 participates in GFR regulation. Although tubuloglomerular feedback is normal in these animals, they exhibit significantly reduced plasma renin levels despite up-regulation of COX-2 expression and nNOS activity in the MD. Furthermore, at least one member of the renal repertoire of ORs is expressed in a MD cell line. Thus, key components of olfaction are expressed in the renal distal nephron and may play a sensory role in the MD to modulate both renin secretion and GFR.
USE OF LIQUID NITROGEN IN SPRAY FREEZING (1970)

THE FEASIBILITY HAS BEEN SHOWN OF PRODUCING PURE SUBMICRON CERAMIC RAW MATERIALS USING A CRYOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE. THE OXIDE PRECURSORS (SULPHATES, NITRATES, ETC.) ARE HELD IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION WHICH IS RAPIDLY FROZEN BY SPRAYING INTO STIRRED HEXANE, COOLED WITH A DRY ICE-ACETONE BATH. THE PRODUCT IS SUBSEQUENTLY FREEZE-DRIED AND CALCINED TO THE OXIDE. HEXANE IS USED AS A HEAT TRANSFER MEDIUM TO CONVEY HEAT FROM THE SPRAYED DROPLETS TO THE DRY ICE REFRIGERANT. HEXANE IS USED WHEN SPRAY FREEZING IS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE OR RANGES TO BELOW THE TEMPERATURE OF SUBLIMATION OF DRY ICE. LIQUID NITROGEN IS USED AT ITS BOILING POINT. THE FREEZING RATE IN NITROGEN IS KNOWN TO BE QUITE HIGH. NITROGEN ELIMINATES THE USE OF FLAMMABLE HEAT TRANSFER MEDIA AND THE SPRAY ENTERS THE REFRIGERANT DIRECTLY. THE GREATEST ADVANTAGE REALIZED THROUGH THE USE OF NITROGEN IS THE ABILITY TO RAPIDLY DRY THE FROZEN SPECIMEN BECAUSE THE NITROGEN QUICKLY BOILS OFF THE SPRAYED MATERIAL PRIOR TO PLACING IT IN THE FREEZE-DRYER. SAMPLES CANNOT USUALLY BE EXTRUDED FOR TRIAXIAL OR IN CONFINED COMPRESSION TESTING. THE DIRECT SHEAR TEST WAS WIDELY ADOPTED FOR DESERT SOIL CONDITIONS BECAUSE THE TESTING APPARATUS CAN BE DESIGNED TO RECEIVE THE LINEAR RINGS WITH SOIL SPECIMENS AS SECURED IN THE FIELD. SIDE SHEAR AND END BEARING COMPUTATIONS ARE PRESENTED. BOTH STRAIGHT PILES AND THOSE WITHIN LARGE BASES (BELLS) ARE DISCUSSED. PILES CONSTRUCTED WITHOUT THE USE OF CASING AND THOSE IN WHICH CASING IS EMPLOYED, IN ADVANCING EXCAVATIONS AND WITH-DRAWN AS CONCRETE IS PLACED, ARE DESCRIBED. THE ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF PILES BEARING ON SANDS, SATURATED CLAYS AND SOFT TO MODERATELY FIRM PARTIALLY SATURATED COHESIVE SOILS PROBABLY CAN BE PREDICTED WITHIN PLUS OR MINUS THIRTY PERCENT BY CAREFUL ANALYSIS USING THE PROCEDURES OUTLINED. ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY COMPUTATIONS IN CONJUNCTION WITH CONVENTIONAL SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS PROVIDE A SOUND BASIS FOR DESIGN. ADDITIONAL LOAD TESTS ARE NEEDED TO VERIFY THE CAPACITY OF PILING IN PARTIALLY SATURATED COHESIVE SOILS, PARTICULARLY STRONGLY CEMENTED SOILS WHERE SATISFACTORY SAMPLES ARE DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE TO OBTAIN.
The vascular architecture of renal cell carcinoma in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (1997)

BACKGROUND The morphologic similarities between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can cause diagnostic difficulty in fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens. In the authors' prior study of liver FNAB, peripherally wrapping endothelium (PE) and arborizing transgressing endothelium (TE) were 100% specific for HCC relative to metastatic tumors, which included only three RCCs. In this study, the vascular patterns of RCC in FNAB were reviewed for comparison with HCC, to determine their usefulness in the differential diagnosis of HCC and RCC. METHODS FNAB of 49 RCCs (26 primary and 23 metastatic) from 46 patients were reviewed. Four vascular patterns were assessed: PE, TE, papillary endothelium (PAP) in fibrovascular cores of papillary fragments, and short nonbranching endothelium (SE) in small cell clusters. Each pattern was given a semiquantitative score: absent (0), focal (1), or extensive (2). Cellularity was categorized as low (< 20 groups), moderate (20-50 groups), or high (> 50 groups). RESULTS Vessels were present in 19 of 26 (73%) primary and 9 of 23 (39%) secondary RCC. PE was not identified. TE was observed in 11 primary (42%) and 7 metastatic (30%) RCC. SE was present in 5 primary (19%) and 1 metastatic (4%) RCC. The TE and SE patterns were distributed among the clear cell, granular cell, and chromophobe RCC. PAP was observed in all four papillary RCC. The majority of the TE and all of the PAP were present in moderately to highly cellular FNABs, whereas SE was usually observed in FNABs with low cellularity. CONCLUSIONS FNAB specimens of RCC commonly contain TE, as in HCC, but lack PE. TE was less frequent in metastatic than primary RCC. Other vascular patterns (SE, PAP), absent in HCC, were observed infrequently. Vascular patterns, especially PE, are useful in distinguishing HCC from RCC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 1997; 81:45-50. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
High density, low energy, magnetic tunnel junction based block RAMs for memory-rich FPGAs (2016)

Many important applications demand large amounts of on-chip memory both to fully utilize an FPGA's computational capacity and to minimize energy-consuming off-chip memory accesses, leading some recent commercial FPGAs to add higher-capacity on-chip block RAMs (BRAMs). While memory is becoming more important to FPGA designs, SRAM scaling is becoming more difficult because of increasing device variation. An alternative is to build FPGA BRAM from magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) cells as this emerging embedded memory features a small cell size, low energy usage, and good scalability. In this work, we conduct a detailed comparison study of SRAM and MTJ BRAMs that includes cell designs that are robust with device variation, transistor-level design and optimization of all the required BRAM-specific circuits, and variation-aware simulation at the 22nm node. We find that as the capacity of a BRAM increases, the MTJ benefits of high-density and low-energy increase and its drawback of lower speed is mitigated. At a 256 Kb block size, MTJ-BRAM is 3.06× denser and 55% more energy efficient and its F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> is 274 MHz, which is adequate for most FPGA system clock domains. We detail how the non-volatility of an MTJ-BRAM saves energy, especially for narrow write operations which are common for the width-configurable BRAMs of FPGAs. For a RAM architecture similar to the latest commercial FPGAs, MTJ-based block RAMs reduce the FPGA fabric area by 28%, or alternatively could expand FPGA memory capacity by 2.95× with no die size increase.
Transient Crosstalk in LCOS Based WSS and a Method to Suppress the Crosstalk Levels (2013)

The origin of the transient crosstalk (TC) in a phase-only LCOS based WSS using a Fourier transform setup was investigated and identified. Two methods were proposed to reduce the TC by at least 5dB without the need to modify the optics or electronics in use.
A Columnar Phase of Dendritic Lipid−Based Cationic Liposome−DNA Complexes for Gene Delivery:  Hexagonally Ordered Cylindrical Micelles Embedded in a DNA Honeycomb Lattice (2006)

Gene therapy holds great promise as a future approach to fighting disease and is explored in worldwide clinical trials. Cationic liposome (CL)-DNA complexes are a prevalent nonviral delivery vector, but their efficiency requires improvement and the understanding of their mechanism of action is incomplete. As part of our effort to investigate the structure-transfection efficiency relationships of self-assembled CL-DNA vectors, we have synthesized a new, highly charged (16+) multivalent cationic lipid, MVLBG2, with a dendritic headgroup. Our synthetic scheme allows facile variation of the headgroup charge and the spacer connecting hydrophobic and headgroup moieties as well as gram-scale synthesis. Complexes of DNA with mixtures of MVLBG2 and neutral 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerophosphatidylcholine (DOPC) exhibit the well-known lamellar phase at 90 mol % DOPC. Starting at 20 mol % dendritic lipid, however, two novel nonlamellar phases are observed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The structure of one of these phases, present in a narrow range of composition around 25 mol % MVLBG2, has been solved. In this novel dual lattice structure, termed H(I)C, hexagonally arranged tubular lipid micelles are surrounded by DNA rods forming a three-dimensionally continuous substructure with honeycomb symmetry. Complexes in the H(I)C phase efficiently transfect mouse and human cells in culture. Their transfection efficiency, as well as that of the lamellar complexes containing only 10 mol% dendritic lipid, reaches and surpasses that of commercially available, optimized DOTAP-based complexes. In particular, complexes containing MVLBG2 are significantly more transfectant over the entire composition range in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, a cell line empirically known to be hard to transfect.
Trisomy 8 in leukemia: A GCRI experience (2012)

Trisomy of chromosome 8 is frequently reported in myeloid lineage disorders and also detected in lymphoid neoplasms as well as solid tumors suggesting its role in neoplastic progression in general. It is likely to be a disease-modulating secondary event with underlying cryptic aberrations as it has been frequently reported in addition to known abnormalities contributing to clinical heterogeneity and modifying prognosis. Here, we share our findings of trisomy 8 in leukemia patients referred for diagnostic and prognostic cytogenetic assessment. Total 60 cases of trisomy 8, as a sole anomaly or in addition to other chromosomal aberrations, were reported (January 2005-September 2008). Unstimulated bone marrow or blood samples were cultured, followed by GTG banding and karyotyping as per the ISCN 2005. Patients with +8 were chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (36), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (17), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (7). In 7 patients, trisomy 8 was the sole anomaly, whereas in 6 patients +8 was in addition to normal clone, in 47 patients, the +8 was in addition to t(9;22), t(15;17), and others, including 3 with tetrasomy 8. Only one patient showed constitutional +8. The present study will form the basis of further cumulative studies to correlate potential differential effects of various karyotypic anomalies on disease progression and survival following a therapeutic regime. To unravel the role of extra 8 chromosome, constitutional chromosomal analysis and uniparental disomy will be considered.
Augmented Reality Platforms for Virtual Fitting Rooms (2012)

Multi-sensor body scanners combined with new algorithms and social media technologies have started a revolutionary shift away from the classic desktop paradigm and into the direction of intuitive, "natural interaction" where people interface with the technological world through hand gestures, speech and body language. This article reviews recent examples of Virtual Fitting Rooms (VFRs) and supporting technologies which facilitate the shopping experience by letting customers to try-on apparel and/or mixand-match accessories without being physically present in the retail shop. These platforms are not only powerful decision tools for the on-line shopper, but also contribute to the fun factor of in-store shopping. Using depth scanning techniques, VFRs can create accurate 3D models of shoppers and meaningfully query retail digital catalogs, filter out non-fitting items and allow customers assess the styling and matching aspects in real time. In addition, omnipresent social networking features allow sending photos or videos of the shopper wearing the apparel for quick feedback. The quality of service provided by current VFRs is sufficiently high to boost sales but also minimize returns due to improper fit.
Simple theory of a Malone engine (2003)

Practical liquid engines called Malone engines use a regenerative or recuperative cycle, like the Stirling cycle. A theoretical model of the Malone engine that is realistic enough for comparison to experiment, yet still simple enough for intuitive grasp of the engine's features, is presented. The principal results obtained with the model are the time-averaged heat and work resulting from each of the most important effects taking place in the engine. It is shown that Rankine heat pumps and Malone heat pumps with equal heat-pumping capabilities require compressors of comparable volumetric flow rates and hence of comparable complexity and size, but the heat exchangers for the Malone heat pump are expected to be orders of magnitude smaller than those for the Rankine-cycle heat pump.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
65-GHz receiver in SiGe BiCMOS using monolithic inductors and transformers (2006)

This paper describes a single-chip 65-GHz SiGe BiCMOS radio receiver IC which includes an LNA, a transformer balun, a downconversion mixer, an IF amplifier, and a 65-GHz VCO. The single-ended downconversion gain is 21 dB with an input compression point of -22 dBm. The DSB receiver noise figure is a record 12 dB for IF frequencies in the 0 to 2 GHz range. By employing only transformers and inductors as matching elements, the die area, which includes all pads, is 790 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 740 /spl mu/m.
Synthesis of novel primary amino‐terminated polymer and application for macromonomer (1990)

Abstract The carboxyl‐terminated polystyrene (PS) was prepared by free radical polymerization of styrene initiated by functional azo‐initiator under a unimolecular termination mechanism. After replacement of the hydroxyl group of acids by chlorine, the end‐capping reaction of acyl halide‐terminated PS with a large excess of 1,6‐diaminohexane was carried out to obtain primary amino‐terminated PS. Subsequently, various PS macromonomers were derivated from primary amino‐terminated PS.