gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Flooding Sink - A New Approach to Local Area Networking. (1986)

A new local area networking technology is presented. The approach is based on an old routing algorithm called flooding — forward messages to all neighbouring nodes. The problem with this algorithm is that the network is deluged with duplicate messaes. The solution is a simple device which uses local memory to detect and ignore redundant messages, thus also acting as a message sink. Networks based on this device can be more flexible and reliable than current networks. Flooding also has the advantage that any messages lost due to transmission errors are quickly replaced by one of the copies. This can make low-level protocols unnecessary. When the low-level protocols are omitted, significant performance improvements are achieved. Simulation results are presented which show that this flooding technology can perform better than current CSMA and ring technologies.
Recurrent Attentional Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Label Image Recognition (2018)

Recognizing multiple labels of images is a fundamental but challenging task in computer vision, and remarkable progress has been attained by localizing semantic-aware image regions and predicting their labels with deep convolutional neural networks. The step of hypothesis regions (region proposals) localization in these existing multi-label image recognition pipelines, however, usually takes redundant computation cost, e.g., generating hundreds of meaningless proposals with non-discriminative information and extracting their features, and the spatial contextual dependency modeling among the localized regions are often ignored or over-simplified. To resolve these issues, this paper proposes a recurrent attention reinforcement learning framework to iteratively discover a sequence of attentional and informative regions that are related to different semantic objects and further predict label scores conditioned on these regions. Besides, our method explicitly models long-term dependencies among these attentional regions that help to capture semantic label co-occurrence and thus facilitate multi-label recognition. Extensive experiments and comparisons on two large-scale benchmarks (i.e., PASCAL VOC and MS-COCO) show that our model achieves superior performance over existing state-of-the-art methods in both performance and efficiency as well as explicitly identifying image-level semantic labels to specific object regions.
Epoxy-modified polyimides: part I (1993)

The Michael addition reaction of N,N'-l,4-phenylene bis(maleimide) (PBM) with 4,4'-diamino diphenyl methane (DDM) at 1:1, 1: 1.5 and 1:2 molar ratios was carried out in melt at 125-130'C. The resultant polyimide oligomers (PBM-DDM) were characterized by elemental analysis, number of amino and imino groups, IR spectral studies, number average molecular weight, by non-aqueous conductometric titration, and thermogravimetry. These polyimide oligomers were used to cure epoxy resin, namely diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, and studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The unreinforced PBM-DDM epoxy-cured products have also been prepared and characterized. A preliminary study of glass reinforcement based on the PBM-DDM epoxy system has also been established.
Synthesis of 9‐substituted‐1,4,5,8‐tetraazaphenanthrenes (1980)

Abstract The synthesis of 9‐substituted‐1,4,5,8‐tetraazaphenanthrenes was undertaken in the course of a study aimed at the preparation of organometallic complexing agents.
Utilization of operational schemes for analog synthesis in drug design (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUtilization of operational schemes for analog synthesis in drug designJohn G. ToplissCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 10, 1006–1011Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00280a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00280a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4590Altmetric-Citations378LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-functional acetyl-CoA carboxylase from <i>Brassica napus</i> is encoded by a multi-gene family: Indication for plastidic localization of at least one isoform (1997)

Three genes coding for different multifunctional acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase; EC 6.4.1.2) isoenzymes from Brassica napus were isolated and divided into two major classes according to structural features in their 5' regions: class I comprises two genes with an additional coding exon of approximately 300 bp at the 5' end, and class II is represented by one gene carrying an intron of 586 bp in its 5' untranslated region. Fusion of the peptide sequence encoded by the additional first exon of a class I ACCase gene to the jellyfish Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) and transient expression in tobacco protoplasts targeted GFP to the chloroplasts. In contrast to the deduced primary structure of the biotin carboxylase domain encoded by the class I gene, the corresponding amino acid sequence of the class II ACCase shows higher identity with that of the Arabidopsis ACCase, both lacking a transit peptide. The Arabidopsis ACCase has been proposed to be a cytosolic isoenzyme. These observations indicate that the two classes of ACCase genes encode plastidic and cytosolic isoforms of multi-functional, eukaryotic type, respectively, and that B. napus contains at least one multi-functional ACCase besides the multi-subunit, prokaryotic type located in plastids. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from B. napus, Brassica rapa, and Brassica oleracea, the ancestors of amphidiploid rapeseed, using a fragment of a multi-functional ACCase gene as a probe revealed that ACCase is encoded by a multi-gene family of at least five members.
Single-point representative sampling with shrouded probes (1993)

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) prescribed methodologies for sampling radionuclides in air effluents from stacks and ducts at US Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. Requirements include use of EPA Method 1 for the location of sampling sites and use of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) N13.1 for guidance in design of sampling probes and the number of probes at a given site. Application of ANSI N13.1 results in sampling being performed with multiprobe rakes that have as many as 20 probes. There can be substantial losses of aerosol particles in such sampling that will degrade the quality of emission estimates from a nuclear facility. Three alternate methods, technically justified herein, are proposed for effluent sampling. First, a shrouded aerosol sampling probe should replace the sharp-edged elbowed-nozzle recommended by ANSI. This would reduce the losses of aerosol particles in probes and result in the acquisition of more representative aerosol samples. Second, the rakes of multiple probes that are intended to acquire representative samples through spatial coverage should be replaced by a single probe located where contaminant mass and fluid momentum are both well mixed. A representative sample can be obtained from a well-mixed flow. Some effluent flows will need to be engineered to achieve acceptable mixing. Third, sample extraction should be performed at a constant flow rate through a suitable designed shrouded probe rather than at a variable flow rate through isokinetic probes. A shrouded probe is shown to have constant sampling characteristics over a broad range of stack velocities when operated at a fixed flow rate.
Taguchi method applied in optimization of Shipley SJR 5740 positive resist deposition (1998)

Taguchi methods of robust design presents a way to optimize output process performance through an organized set of experiments by using orthogonal arrays. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratio is used to evaluate the contribution of each of the process controllable parameters in the realization of the process optimization. In the photoresist deposition process, there are numerous controllable parameters that can affect the surface quality and thickness of the final photoresist layer. To maximize the thickness and minimize the bubble formation of Shipley SJR 5740 photoresist (our optimum goal), eleven control parameters were selected and evaluated at two distinct levels. For a full factorial matrix experiment, 2048 experiments would have been necessary. Instead, by utilizing the orthogonal array concept, only 12 experiments were necessary for the optimization.
Ultraviolet emission from layered nanocomposites of Zn(OH)2 and sodium dodecyl sulfate prepared by laser ablation in liquid (2005)

We investigated the optical properties of Zn nanocomposites with the lamellar structure of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) molecules prepared by laser ablation in an SDS aqueous solution. The absorption band of the nanocomposites was found at the same wavelength as that of ZnO (370nm). The peak positions of the nanocomposites in the photoluminescence and excitation spectra were almost the same as those of ZnO. This coincidence implies that the ZnO electronic structure was partially formed in the nanocomposites. Two structural possibilities were discussed for the nanocomposites.
A Survey of VQ Codebook Generation (2010)

One of the key roles of Vector Quantization (VQ) is how to generate a good codebook such that the distortion between the original image and the reconstructed image is the minimum. In the past years, many improved algorithms of VQ codebook generation approaches have been developed. In this paper, we present a snapshot of the recent de- veloped schemes. The discussed schemes include mean-distance-ordered partial codebook search (MPS), enhance LBG (ELBG), neural network based techniques, genetic-based algorithms, principal component analysis (PCA) approaches, tabu search (TS) schemes,
Maternal Serum CA 125 for aneuploidy detection in early pregnancy (1992)

Maternal serum CA 125 levels were determined at 9-11 menstrual weeks for 26 cases of trisomy 13 (n = 4), trisomy 18 (n = 7), trisomy 21 (n = 15), and appropriate controls. There were no statistically significant differences between groups.
Vector Description of a Realistic Photonic Crystal Fiber (1998)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Ferrando, J. J. Miret, E. Silvestre, P. Andrés, and M.V. Andrés, "Vector Description of a Realistic Photonic Crystal Fiber," Optics & Photonics News 9(12), 33-34 (1998) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-poly(ε-caprolactone) Micelles Containing Chemically Conjugated and Physically Entrapped Docetaxel: Synthesis, Characterization, and the Influence of the Drug on Micelle Morphology (2010)

Docetaxel (DTX), a chemotherapeutic agent, was coupled to the hydrophobic block of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) copolymers synthesized by metal free ring-opening polymerization. Synthesis of the copolymers and the copolymer-drug conjugate (PEG-b-PCL-DTX) were confirmed by (1)H NMR and GPC analyses. The PEG-b-PCL-DTX conjugates had a approximately 1:3 drug/copolymer ratio (w/w) and a low critical micelle concentration in aqueous solution (14 mg/L). Encapsulation of DTX in PEG-b-PCL-DTX micelles resulted in an 1840-fold increase in the aqueous solubility of the drug. Release of physically encapsulated DTX from PEG-b-PCL-DTX micelles was slower than drug release from PEG-b-PCL micelles due to the improved compatibility between DTX and the micelle core. Core-conjugated DTX was released over the course of one week indicating that PEG-b-PCL-DTX micelles have the capacity for sustained drug release in the absence of physically encapsulated drug. Importantly, conjugation of DTX to the core-forming block had a profound effect on the morphology of the copolymer aggregates.
Untying Leifer's discourse on order and power (2006)

Political realism is often understood as a relatively homogeneous and internally harmonious tradition predicated upon certain essential suppositions and concepts. The writings of Michael Leifer on order and power serve as a compelling reminder that antinomies animate the realist tradition in ways that many realists either downplay or simply ignore. Recent scholarship on Machiavelli suggests that this venerated thinker often amounts to little more than a caricature in the hands of realists. Leifer's reflections on regional order and the balance-of-power acknowledge, if only implicitly, the importance of language in Southeast Asian security studies as a way of coming to terms with the intersubjective understandings of the traditional community of statesmen.
Subband prediction using leakage information in image coding (1995)

This paper examines the potential uses of interband leakage in image coders based on subband decomposition. The approach taken is to use the lowpass subband to predict the signal behavior in the other bands. This information is then used to both inform the coder/decoder as to likely locations for significant energy in the highpass bands, and to form a difference signal that can be coded at a lower rate. These methods give significant gains for some image/filter combinations, but in general it seems that analysis filters producing low correlation should be used if possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Type 14 Polysaccharide-Conjugate Vaccines: Length Stabilization of Opsonophagocytic Conformational Polysaccharide Epitopes (1998)

A simple and convenient method was developed for the preparation of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 polysaccharide (Pn14PS)-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate vaccines, using terminally linked Pn14PS fragments of different lengths. Native Pn14PS was simultaneously depolymerized and activated for conjugation by partial N-deacetylation followed by nitrous acid deamination which yielded fragments (1.4 to 150.0 kDa) having a free aldehyde at the reducing end. These were then conjugated to TT through their terminal aldehydic groups, using the reductive amination procedure. All of the above conjugates, when injected in rabbits, induced anti-Pn14PS antibodies, whereas the native Pn14PS did not. The amounts of anti-Pn14PS antibodies elicited by these conjugates, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed a trend with conjugates containing the highest-molecular-weight Pn14PS eliciting the highest titers. The same trend was also observed in the ability of the antibodies to opsonize and kill live type 14 pneumococci, although the increase in opsonophagocytic activity was more pronounced and did not correlate linearly with increases in antibody titer. Competitive inhibition of the binding of different conjugate antisera to the native Pn14PS, using Pn14PS fragments as inhibitors, established that the conjugates induced antibodies with specificities for different lengths of Pn14PS beginning at 2 repeating units (RU). It was also established, both immunologically and antigenically, that at least 4 RU of Pn14PS were required to form an extended conformational epitope and that approximately 22 RU of Pn14PS were required to duplicate the same epitope on the same saccharide chain. The conformational epitope was found to be essential for the induction of antibodies with high opsonophagocytic activity and that augmentation of opsonophagocytic activity was also dependent on further chain extension.
Dropped hallux after the intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures (1999)

We made a prospective study of 208 patients with tibial fractures treated by reamed intramedullary nailing. Of these, 11 (5.3%) developed dysfunction of the peroneal nerve with no evidence of a compartment syndrome. The patients with this complication were significantly younger (mean age 25.6 years) and most had closed fractures of the forced-varus type with relatively minor soft-tissue damage. The fibula was intact in three, fractured in the distal or middle third in seven, with only one fracture in the proximal third. Eight of the 11 patients showed a 'dropped hallux' syndrome, with weakness of extensor hallucis longus and numbness in the first web space, but no clinical involvement of extensor digitorum longus or tibialis anterior. This was confirmed by nerve-conduction studies in three of the eight patients. There was good recovery of muscle function within three to four months in all cases, but after one year three patients still had some residual tightness of extensor hallucis longus, and two some numbness in the first web space. No patient required further treatment.
Perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene (Vitreon) as a Short-Term Vitreous Substitute After Complex Vitreoretinal Surgery (1993)

Forty-one eyes underwent surgery for complex vitreoretinal disease, with perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene (Vitreon) used as an intraoperative tool and postoperative vitreous substitute. Postoperative use of Vitreon ranged from 3 days to 9 weeks (mean, 3.3 weeks). All retinas were reattached intraoperatively; 73% remained attached after the initial surgery. The final macular attachment rate was 100% after additional surgery. Four eyes that received a combination of Vitreon and silicone oil for simultaneous superior and inferior tamponade were successfully reattached after the initial procedure. Visual acuity improved or remained stable in 80% of the eyes. No toxic effects directly attributable to Vitreon were observed. Mean follow up was 9 months.
New Low-Frequency Dispersion Model for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Using Integral Transform and State Description (2012)

A new concept for the low-frequency dispersion aspect of large-signal modeling of microwave III-V field-effect transistors is presented. The approach circumvents the integrability problem between the small-signal transconductance <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Gm</i> RF and the output conductance <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dsRF</sub> by means of an integral formulation and simultaneously yields a proper description of the drain channel current in the small- and large-signal regime. In the theoretical description of the approach and in an extraction example of an AlGaN/GaN HEMT, it is shown that three independent 2-D nonlinear quantities determine the intrinsic drain channel current ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Gm</i> RF, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dsRF</sub> , and dc current). The concept is transferred to the modeling of the nonlinear charge control, where the integrability problem between the large-signal charge functions and the small-signal intrinsic capacitance matrix ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> , <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> , and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> ) is addressed consistently under consideration of the charge control delays. For the large-signal modeling under pulsed-dc/RF excitation, the dc continuous wave (dc-CW) modeling approach is combined with the state-modeling concept using a superposition formula for drain current and charges, respectively. The new model is implemented in ADS using a 12- and 14-port symbolically defined device for both the dc-CW and pulsed-RF case, respectively. The model has been verified by comparison to measured CW and pulsed-RF load-pull and waveform data at 10-GHz fundamental frequency.
The Use of Carbon Fiber Implants in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery (1985)

In cruciate ligament surgery where carbon fibers have been placed within the synovial cavity of the knee joint, an inadequate biologic response occurs that leads to failure of the implant and fragmentation within the joint. This paper describes in detail the operative technique of one surgeon (A.E.S.) of placing a collagen-coated carbon fiber implant through the retrosynovial route of the anterior cruciate ligament. It also describes the clinical and arthroscopic follow-up evaluations of four consecutive cases by an independent surgeon (P.F.). The results confirm the contention that when the carbon fibers are placed either within the remnants of the original ligament or within a sheath of fascia lata and maintained in the retrosynovial situation, no carbon debris appears within the joint cavity, and a normal-looking cruciate ligament results.
A continuous-time multi-stage noise-shaping delta-sigma modulator for next generation wireless applications (2015)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.
Function and modulation of bacterial porins: insights from electrophysiology (2006)

Electrophysiological techniques provide a wealth of information regarding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the function and modulation of ion channels. They have revealed that bacterial porins do not behave as static, permanently open pores but display a much more complex and dynamic behavior than anticipated from non-electrophysiological studies. The channels switch between short-lived open and closed conformations (gating activity), and can also remain in an inactivated, non-ion conducting state for prolonged periods of time. Thus the role of porins is not limited to that of a molecular filter, but is extended to the control of outer membrane permeability through the regulation of their activity. Electrophysiological studies have indeed demonstrated that both gating and inactivation are modulated by a variety of physical and chemical parameters and are highly cooperative phenomena, often involving numerous channels working in concert. Cooperativity acts as an amplification mechanism that grants a large population of porins, such as found in the outer membrane, with sensitivity to modulation by external or internal factors. By conferring permeability properties to the outer membrane, porins play a crucial role in the bacterium's antibiotic susceptibility and survival in various environmental conditions. The detailed information that electrophysiology only can provide on porin function and modulation promises to yield a more accurate description of how porin properties can be used by cells to adapt to a changing environment, and to offer mechanisms that might optimize the drug sensitivity of the microorganism.