gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Bacterial Strains Isolated Through Microbial Profiling of Urine Samples (2007)

The present study was conducted to determine the microbial profile in urine samples. Differential and selective chromogenic culture media were used for the rapid detection, identification and enumeration of urinary tract pathogens namely, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis. Urine samples of normal healthy individuals as well as patients with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) were screened on hicrome agar plates. The cultivable bacteria present in urine were isolated based on chromogenic detection. Antibiotic sensitivity assay, morphological characterization and biochemical tests, namely protease, oxidase, catalase, lipase, DNase and lecithinase assay were performed with the 15 isolates obtained from urine samples. The molecular analyses of the isolates were done through partial sequencing of the 16SrDNA gene; six of them were found to be novel and submitted in GenBank under the accession numbers EF644491-96. Phylogenetic tree of the isolates were constructed by neighbour joining method.
Climate Change (2018)

Abstract Climate change surpasses the ability of any state to tackle on their own and requires global collective action. As a universal political body, the United Nations is indispensable to addressing climate change. It provides the arena for member states to discuss, deliberate, and decide; the institutional apparatus to support negotiations; and the platform and incentives for many actors to engage in creating and implementing agreements. UN institutions were critical to the identification of climate change as a global concern and the development of a formal regime adopted and supported by member states. This chapter analyzes the institutional frameworks, discusses core factors for success, and outlines a potential trajectory for climate change within the UN and beyond.
Light Guide Systems for the Ultraviolet Region of the Spectrum (1973)

Abstract Whereas diverse and highly refined fiber optics have long been in technical use for the conduction of visible light, traditional but expensive silica glass lenses and prisms have had to be utilized until quite recently for the transmission of ultraviolet light. The reason for this was the lack of suitable materials. UV light cannot be transported to any technically useful extent either with pure glass‐glass (core and sheath materials) light guides or with plastic‐plastic light guides. UV light guides for wavelengths down to 200 nm can be produced by combination of a silica glass as the core material with a tetrafluoroethylene‐hexafluoropro pylene copolymer or methylpolysiloxane as the sheath material. Fiber optics of this type constitute a new aid for medical technology, medicine, and many technical and scientific fields, whose range of applications cannot yet be fully envisaged.
Clonal relationship of the lymphoblastic cell line P388 to the macrophage cell line P388D1 as evidenced by immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and expression of cell surface antigens. (1986)

A lymphocytic tumor of early B cell lineage, P388, and a mature macrophage tumor, P388D1, appear to have been derived from a common precursor based on identical immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and shared cell surface antigens. These cell lines may have resulted from differential maturation of a transformed cell that is an immediate cellular precursor to both the B cell and myeloid lineages. This supports earlier findings that suggest a close relationship between early B cell and myeloid differentiation pathways.
Sintered Silver Joint Strength Dependence on Substrate Topography and Attachment Pad Geometry (2012)

The sum of chemical and mechanical bonding limits the adhesive strength of die-attach and substrate-attach layers. This is also true for sintered silver joints whose development and employment are underway in the electronic packaging community. Chemical bonding is dictated by numerous parameters associated with the compatibility of the metallurgical bond of the two mating surfaces and the processing history that brings them together. However, the efficacy of mechanical bonding is likely affected by the topographies (e.g., roughness) of the two adjoined surfaces and also perhaps the shape of the attachment layer itself (e.g., circles, squares, and sizes thereof). In this study the mechanical bonding component is examined through the modification of the copper cladding surface on direct bonded copper (DBC) substrates, the shape of the silver pad attachment bonded to it, and the use of a joined DBC sandwich that facilitates their study. It was found that simple employment of both surface topography control and printed pad geometry can affect and improve shear strength of silver sintered joints, and that there is logic to perhaps hybridize their effects. This is an important observation as more future attention is devoted to joining constituents with larger areas (> 100 mm(exp 2)) in electronic packages.
Experimental Study of Hwangginaetak-san on Anti-inflammatory Effect (2004)

Objective: Chronic otitis media is an inflammation and infection of the middle ear which is persistent. Chronic otitis media occurs when the eustachian tube becomes blocked repeatedly, multiple infections, ear trauma, or swelling of the adenoids. A chronic ear may be the result of an acute ear infection that does not clear completely, or the result of recurrent ear infections. A chronic ear infection may be more destructive than an acute ear infection because its effects are prolonged, and it may cause permanent damage to the ear. Methods : Experimental animals made use of 4-5 weeks age(weight 20-25g) ICR(male)mouse. In the breeding farm, the lighting time was controlled from 7:00 am until 7:00 pm, the temperature was controlled within and water and food were not limited. The extracts which were extracted from Hwangginaetak-san devided low dose group( 1.0g/kg-HN) and high dose group(3.0g/kg-HN), they were intragastrically administered to the mouse of sample A and sample B prior to LPS I.P injection. Compared with inflammation induced group which were induced by LPS, we measured the WBC count, IL-6 level in plasma and TNF- level in plasma. Results: 1. Hwangginaetak-san decreased WBC count in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS 2. Hwangginaetak-san decreased IL-6 level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS. 3. Hwangginaetak-san didn't decreased TNF- level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS Conclusion: According to above results, Hwangginaetak-san was improved its suppression effect to the inflammatory reaction through WBC count and IL-6 level. So Hwangginaetak-san is considered to be used for treatment of chronic otitis media by controlling the WBC count and IL-6 level in plasma.
Radio access optimisation for point-multipoint systems based on homogeneous simulated annealing (2003)

We present a point-multipoint system optimisation based on simulated annealing heuristics. The system is intended to operate in the 3.5 GHz frequency band mainly in densely built-up environments.
Efficient Large-Area Transparent OLEDs Based on a Laminated Top Electrode with an Embedded Auxiliary Mesh (2017)

To realize transparent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), a top electrode should have excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Conventionally, transparent conductive oxides and semitransparent metal have been widely used for transparent top electrodes, but they have several fundamental drawbacks. We herein report efficient large-area inverted transparent OLEDs using a vacuum-laminated top electrode with an embedded metal mesh. The laminated device with 1 mm pitch exhibits superior optical properties including a high transmittance of 75.9% at 550 nm, a low reflectance of 12.0% at 550 nm, and spectrally flat characteristics over the entire visible region and shows nearly ideal Lambertian angular emission characteristics with little angular color shift in both directions. Moreover, the lowered sheet resistance of 4 Ω/sq originating from the embedded metal mesh (1 mm pitch) led to efficient and uniform emission characteristics. As a result, the device shows a relatively high maximum current efficiency of 50.3 cd/A (bottom: 24.5 cd/A; top: 25.8 cd/A) and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 15.3% (bottom: 7.9%; top: 7.4%), which surpasses all previously reported values based on a laminated top electrode. In addition, we successfully demonstrate its potential as a large-area transparent top electrode in various optoelectronic devices through a large-area transparent OLED segment panel (45 × 90 mm2, diagonal length of 70.2 mm in the active area) with a laminated top electrode.
Evaluation of role of G-CSF in the production, survival, and release of neutrophils from bone marrow into circulation (2002)

In steady-state hematopoiesis, G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) regulates the level of neutrophils in the bone marrow and blood. In this study, we have exploited the availability of G-CSF-deficient mice to evaluate the role of G-CSF in steady-state granulopoiesis and the release of granulocytes from marrow into circulation. The thymidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to label dividing bone marrow cells, allowing us to follow the release of granulocytes into circulation. Interestingly, the labeling index and the amount of BrdU incorporated by blast cells in bone marrow was greater in G-CSF-deficient mice than in wild-type mice. In blood, 2 different populations of BrdU-positive granulocytes, BrdU(bright) and BrdU(dim), could be detected. The kinetics of release of the BrdU(bright) granulocytes from bone marrow into blood was similar in wild-type and G-CSF-deficient mice; however, BrdU(dim) granulocytes peaked earlier in G-CSF-deficient mice. Our findings suggest that the mean transit time of granulocytes through the postmitotic pool is similar in G-CSF-deficient and control mice, although the transit time through the mitotic pool is reduced in G-CSF-deficient mice. Moreover, the reduced numbers of granulocytes that characterize G-CSF-deficient mice is primarily due to increased apoptosis in cells within the granulocytic lineage. Collectively, our data suggest that at steady state, G-CSF is critical for the survival of granulocytic cells; however, it is dispensable for trafficking of granulocytes from bone marrow into circulation.
Nuclear uptake of 1,25-dihydroxy[3H]cholecalciferol in dispersed fibroblasts cultured from normal human skin. (1981)

Because of the relative inaccessibility of known calciferol target tissues (i.e., intestine and bone), we examined fibroblasts derived from normal human skin and grown in tissue culture as a means of evaluating the interaction of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] and its effector system. When dispersed, intact cells were used, nuclear uptake of 1,25-dihydroxy[23,24(n)3-H]cholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2[3H]D3) was temperature-dependent, optimal at 45 min at 37 degrees C, and saturable. In competition experiments with other calciferols, the 1,25(OH)2[3H]D3 uptake showed specificity indistinguishable from that reported for 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors from calciferol target tissues. Analysis of 1,25(OH)2[3H]D3 nuclear uptake in fibroblast strains from six normal adults (four male, two female) yielded an average binding capacity (R0) of 10,600 +/- 2,000 (SEM) nuclear sites per cell and an apparent dissociation contant (Kd) of 0.50 +/- 0.07 (SEM) x 10(-9) M. Donor sex, donor age, or anatomic site of origin of the cell line did not affect the characteristics of uptake. Similar nuclear uptake was demonstrable with cultured MCF-7 cells (derived from human breast cancer) when assayed in the same fashion. When hypertonic extracts of nuclei obtained from skin fibroblasts incubated with 1,25(OH)2[3H]D3 were subjected to centrifugation on sucrose gradients, a single peak of radioactivity sedimented at approximately 3 S; when excess 1,25(OH)2D3 was coincubated during the cellular uptake phase, this 3S peak was not observed. Molybdate was an essential buffer component for receptor stabilization during cell fractionation and sedimentation analysis. In summary, by using fibroblasts cultured from normal human skin, we have identified a process of nuclear uptake of 1,25(OH)2[3H]D3 with the affinity, saturability, and specificity characteristics of a steroid hormone--receptor interaction. This method should be useful in studying 1,25(OH)2D3 recept physiology in cells from normal persons as well as in cells from patients who have disorders in the responsiveness of calciferol target tissues.
Displacement of Elastomers from Carbon Gel in Filled Mixes (1967)

Abstract Bound rubber may be displaced by milling filled hydrocarbon elastomers with polar rubbers such as NBR. The displacement is not complete in a single stage. Crosslinking can be detected in filled natural rubber by moderate swelling and then measuring the freezing point depression caused by the rubber in the filled and unfilled state, a greater depression being observed for the filled state. Filled and unfilled CB at the same concentration in benzene seems to cause the same freezing point depression and so crosslinking during the reinforcement of this rubber, though known to exist from other behavior, seems not to be indicated by the freezing point method.
Target imaging diagnosis of human brain glioma. Clinical analysis of 40 cases. (1996)

Targeting SPECT examination could be used for localization and qualitative diagnosis of glioma and make up the inadequacy of X-CT in the qualitative diagnosis of atypical incipient and recurrent glioma, meningioma, metastatic carcinoma, and inflammatory lesions of brain.
A synthesis of 3-amino-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives via oxazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones. (1977)

3-Amino-4-hydroxyquinolin-2 (1H)-one compounds (aminocarbostyrils) were synthesized by a reaction of methyl isocyanoacetate with isatoic anhydrides in the presence of 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5, 4, 0] undec-7-ene (DBU), followed by hydrolysis with HCl. The alkylation of oxazolo [4, 5-c] quinolin-4 (5H)-ones which are the intermediates of the aminocarbostyrils and the acylation of aminocarbostyrils were also investigated. Furthermore, a variety of the quinolin-2 (1H)-one analogs showed antiallergic activity.
A high-bandwidth electrical waveform generator based on an aperture-coupled stripline (2000)

An electrical waveform generator based on an aperture-coupled stripline is described. The device is a four-port electrical directional coupler consisting of two striplines coupled through an aperture in their common ground plane. Replacing the aperture layer of the device can produce arbitrarily shaped electrical waveforms with 100 ps structure over a pulse envelope of several nanoseconds. A numerical solution of the telegraph equations using the method of characteristics is used to model and design devices. Excellent agreement is obtained between the model and device performance.
MUTATIONS WITH DOMINANT EFFECTS ON THE BEHAVIOR AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE NEMATODE <i>CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS</i> (1986)

We have analyzed 31 mutations that have dominant effects on the behavior or morphology of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. These mutations appear to define 15 genes. We have studied ten of these genes in some detail and have been led to two notable conclusions. First, loss of gene function for four of these ten genes results in a wild-type phenotype; if these genes represent a random sample from the genome, then we would estimate that null mutations in about half of the genes in C. elegans would result in a nonmutant phenotype. Second, the dominant effects of mutations in nine of these ten genes are caused by novel gene functions, and in all nine cases the novel function is antagonized by the wild-type function.
Using constraints in a constructive version of GPSG (1988)

Complex categories are caracteristic of unification grammars as for example GPSG [Shieber86a]. They are sets of pairs of features and values. The unification, which can be applied to two or more categories, is the essential operation.The papers of [Shieber85], [Barton85] and [Ristad86] deal with the influence of complex categories on the efficiency of the parsing algorithm. This is one problem from using complex categories, another one arises when using a constructive version of GPSG (see [Busemann/Hauenschild88] in this volume). Namely that the application of admissibility conditions, e.g. LP statements and FCRs1, to a local tree t is prevented because particular feature values of categories in t are not yet specified, but they will be instantiated later somewhere else in the complete tree. Similar problems are described in [Karttunen86] for D-PATR.This work describes the latter problem and will present a solution working with computation, evaluation and propagation of constraints within local trees (depth 1). The constraint evaluation will reject local trees if the constraints of the subtrees of the daughters are violated.
Analysis of hepatic glycogen‐associated proteins (2010)

Glycogen particles are associated with a population of proteins that mediate its biological functions, including: management of glucose flux into and out of the glycogen particle, maintenance of glycogen structure and regulation of particle size, number, and cellular location. A survey of the glycogen-associated proteome would be predicted to identify the relative representation of known members of this population, and associations with unexpected proteins that have the potential to mediate other functions of the glycogen particle. We therefore purified glycogen particles from both mouse and rat liver, using different techniques, and analyzed the resulting tryptic peptides by MS. We also specifically eluted glycogen-binding proteins from the pellet using malto-oligosaccharides. Comparison of the rat and mouse populations, and analysis of specifically eluted proteins allow some conclusions to be made about the hepatic glycogen sub-proteome. With the exception of glycogen branching enzyme all glycogen metabolic proteins were detected. Novel associations were identified, including ferritin and starch-binding domain protein 1, a protein that contains both a transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide and a carbohydrate-binding module. This study therefore provides insight into the organization of the glycogen proteome, identifies other associated proteins and provides a starting point to explore the dynamic nature and cellular distribution of this metabolically important protein population.
The effects of thermal annealing on ZnO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (2000)

ZnO thin films were grown on silicon (100) by pulsed laser deposition. Highly textured crystalline ZnO thin films can be grown at 600 °C. The films were then annealed at 600 °C in oxygen. The effects of annealing on chemical composition of the ZnO films were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The XPS spectra indicate that water has been adsorbed and then dissociated into H and OH groups. The surface properties of ZnO were studied both by scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). A narrow potential well has been formed on the surface of the ZnO thin films due to high density of surface states and negatively biasing the ZnO thin films during STS measurement. The discrete energy levels can be measured by STS.
Carboxylate Protection for the Synthesis of 4,5-Disubstituted 1-Methylimidazoles (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboxylate Protection for the Synthesis of 4,5-Disubstituted 1-MethylimidazolesGideon Shapiro and Berta Gomez-LorCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 19, 5524–5526Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00098a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00098a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views697Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and immunological evaluation of protein conjugates of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> X capsular polysaccharide fragments (2014)

A vaccine to prevent infections from the emerging Neisseria meningitidis X (MenX) is becoming an urgent issue. Recently MenX capsular polysaccharide (CPS) fragments conjugated to CRM197 as carrier protein have been confirmed at preclinical stage as promising candidates for vaccine development. However, more insights about the minimal epitope required for the immunological activity of MenX CPS are needed. We report herein the chemical conjugation of fully synthetic MenX CPS oligomers (monomer, dimer, and trimer) to CRM197. Moreover, improvements in some crucial steps leading to the synthesis of MenX CPS fragments are described. Following immunization with the obtained neoglycoconjugates, the conjugated trimer was demonstrated as the minimal fragment possessing immunogenic activity, even though significantly lower than a pentadecamer obtained from the native polymer and conjugated to the same protein. This finding suggests that oligomers longer than three repeating units are possibly needed to mimic the activity of the native polysaccharide.
<title>Error analysis for a single-frame phase-shifting speckle interferometer</title> (1999)

A single frame phase-shifting speckle-interferometer for quantitative measurements of out-of-plane-deformations is presented. Using a diffractive optical element, six phase- shifted interference patterns are generated and stored within the frame time of a single CCD-camera.