gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of porous yttrium aluminium oxide templated by dodecyl sulfate assemblies (1998)

An yttrium aluminium oxide dodecyl sulfate mesophase with a hexagonal structure has been synthesized by a homogeneous precipitation method using urea and was converted into a porous material with a specific surface area of 662 m2 g–1 by anion exchange of the surfactant with acetate ion.
Highly stable dye-sensitized solid-state solar cell with the semiconductor 4CuBr 3S(C4H9)2 as the hole collector (2000)

Construction of a dye-sensitized solid-state solar cell with the semiconductor 4CuBr 3S(C4H9)2 as the hole collector is reported. The cell is unusually stable compared to dye-sensitized solid state cells reported previously and delivers a short-circuit photocurrent and an open-circuit voltage of ∼4.3 mA cm−2 and 400 mV respectively, at 1.5 air mass, 1000 W m−2 sunlight.
Family-based case-control study of cigarette smoking and Parkinson disease (2005)

Consistent with previous studies, individuals with Parkinson disease are significantly less likely to have smoked regularly than their unaffected siblings. This association was detected even though discordant sibling pairs are more likely to be overmatched for environmental exposures than unmatched case and control groups.
Objective fitness correlation (2007)

This paper introduces the Objective Fitness Correlation, a new tool to analyze the evaluation accuracy of coevolutionary algorithms. Accurate evaluation is an essential ingredient in creating adequate coevolutionary dynamics. Based on the notion of a solution concept, a new definition for objective fitness in coevolution is provided. The correlation between the objective fitness and the subjective fitness used in a coevolutionary algorithm yields the Objective Fitness Correlation. The OFC measure is applied to three coevolutionary evaluation methods. It is found that the Objective Fitness Correlation varies substantially over time. Moreover, a high OFC is found to correspond to periods where the algorithm is able to increase the objective quality of individuals. This is evidence of the utility of OFC as a measure to evaluate and compare coevolutionary evaluation mechanisms. The Objective Fitness Correlation (OFC) provides a precise analytical tool to measure the accuracy of evaluation in coevolutionary algorithms.
Cathode Ray Tube Phosphors (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTCathode Ray Tube PhosphorsLyuji Ozawa and Minoru ItohView Author Information Consultant, L. L. Technology, Hopewell Junction, New York 12533 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 10, 3835–3856Publication Date (Web):September 12, 2003Publication History Received7 January 2003Published online12 September 2003Published inissue 1 October 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0203490https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0203490research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1629Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystals,Electrical energy,Ions,Luminescence,Phosphors Get e-Alerts
Chemical reactivity of supported gold. A structural study by small-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical reactivity of supported gold. A structural study by small-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption spectroscopyG. Cocco, S. Enzo, G. Fagherazzi, L. Schiffini, I. W. Bassi, G. Vlaic, S. Galvagno, and G. ParravanoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 19, 2527–2538Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100482a022https://doi.org/10.1021/j100482a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Convenient Oxidation of Natural Glycosphingolipids to Their “Ceramide Acids” for Neoglycoconjugation (1999)

A new method to cleave the double bond of sphingolipids has been developed. Using limited concentrations of KMnO4 and an excess of NaIO4, in a neutral aqueous tert-butanol solvent system gave nearly quantitative yields of the oxidized product. A variety of natural glycosphingolipids (GSLs): GlcC, GalC, SGC, LC, Gb3C, Gb4C, Gg4C, Gb5C, and GM1C, gave the corresponding acids: 2-hydroxy-3-(N-acyl)-4-(O-glycosyl)-oxybutyric acids, i.e. "glycosyl ceramide acids" (GSL.CCOOH) in excellent yields (80-90%). Deacyl GSLs (dGSLs) were oxidized to acids containing the oligosaccharides devoid of hydrocarbon chains, i.e. "ceramide oligosaccharides" (dGSL. NRR1CCOOH, where R = R1 = H; R = H, R1 = CH3CO; or R = R1 = Me). The efficacy of this method was demonstrated by transforming natural GSLs: GlcC, GalC, GalS, SGC, LC, Gb3C, and Gb4C into neoglycoproteins via coupling glycosyl ceramide acids (except GalS, which was coupled directly) to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Mass spectroscopic analysis of GalC-BSA conjugates, (GalC.CONH)nBSA and (GalS.NHCO)nBSA gave a value of 9 +/- 1 and 16 +/- 2 for n. Neoglycoconjugates derived from GlcC, GalC (type I and II and the behenic analog), SGC, LC, and Gb3C were recognized by the recombinant human immunodeficiency virus coat protein gp120 (rgp120). The GalS conjugate showed significantly reduced binding, and the Gb4C conjugate showed no binding. Thus, rgp120/GSL-BSA interaction requires a terminal galactose and/or glucose residue. Terminal N-acetylgalactosamine containing GSLs are not bound. The ceramide acid conjugates provide a more effective scaffold for presentation of glycone for rgp120 binding than those derived from dGSLs. The retention of receptor specificity of the glycoconjugates was validated by retention of the expected binding specificity of VT1 and VT2e for Gb3C and Gb4C conjugates, respectively. These studies open a new vista in the generation of glycoconjugates from GSLs and further emphasize the role of aglycone in glycolipid recognition.
Isolation and characterization of human defensin cDNA clones. (1988)

Four clones that encode defensins, a group of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils, were isolated from an HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cDNA library. Analysis of these clones indicated that the defensins are made as precursor proteins, which must be cleaved to yield the mature peptides. Defensin mRNA was detected in normal bone marrow cells, but not in normal peripheral blood leukocytes. Defensin transcripts were also found in the peripheral leukocytes of some leukemia patients and in some lung and intestine tissues. Defensin mRNA content was augmented by treatment of HL-60 cells with dimethyl sulfoxide. These results define important aspects of the mechanism of synthesis and the tissue-specific expression of a major group of neutrophil granule proteins.
Regiospecific deoxygenation of the dihydroxyacetone moiety at C-17 of corticoid steroids with iodotrimethylsilane. (1986)

Reaction of the corticoids 1-6 with iodotrimethylsilane in MeCN produced the regiospecifically deoxygenated products, 21-hydroxy-20-ketones 7-11, in moderate to high yields. On the other hand, employment of CHCl3 as a solvent resulted in lower yields of the 21-ketols 7 and 8, accompanied by increased production of the 20-ketones 12 and 13. The 21-ketol 7 was efficiently converted into the 20-ketone 12, while the 17α-hydroxy isomer 14 was recovered unchanged. Rapid and quantitative conversion of the 21-iodo-20-ketone 17 into the 20-ketone 12 by this iodosilane treatment suggests that the conversion of the ketol 7 into the ketone 12 probably occurs via the iodide 17.
Coupling Mitigation in 3-D Multiple-Stacked Devices (2015)

A 3-D multiple-stacked IC has been proposed to support energy efficiency for data center operations as dynamic RAM (DRAM) scaling improves annually. 3-D multiple-stacked IC is a single package containing multiple dies, stacked together, using through-silicon via (TSV) technology. Despite the advantages of 3-D design, fault occurrence rate increases with feature-size reduction of logic devices, which gets worse for 3-D stacked designs. TSV coupling is one of the main reliability issues for 3-D multiple-stacked IC data TSVs. It has large disruptive effects on signal integrity and transmission delay. In this paper, we first characterize the inductance parasitics in contemporary TSVs, and then we analyze and present a classification for inductive coupling cases. Next, we devise a coding algorithm to mitigate the TSV-to-TSV inductive coupling. The coding method controls the current flow direction in TSVs by adjusting the data bit streams at run time to minimize the inductive coupling effects. After performing formal analyses on the efficiency scalability of devised algorithm, an enhanced approach supporting larger bus sizes is proposed. Our experimental results show that the proposed coding algorithm yields significant improvements, while its hardware-implemented encoder results in tangible latency, power consumption, and area.
Serum Progesterone Levels Correlate with Decreased Cerebral Edema after Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Rats (2001)

Previous animal research suggests that progesterone may have powerful neuroprotective effects in traumatic brain injury (TBI). This experiment tested the hypothesis that progesterone levels correlate with decreased cerebral edema in male rats with bilateral medial frontal cortex injuries. Three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used: injured given progesterone (4 mg/kg), injured given vehicle (oil), and uninjured controls given vehicle. Progesterone or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally at 1, 6, and 24 h postinjury. At 48 h postinjury, the rats were killed, brains extracted, and assayed for edema. Percent difference in water content of the area surrounding the lesion was compared to posterior cortex. A strong inverse relationship was found between serum progesterone levels and percent cerebral edema; the higher the progesterone levels, the lower the percent edema. Both progesterone and oil-treated animals had some edema compared to sham-operated controls. The brains of the injured animals given control solution were higher in water content than either the uninjured group or injured progesterone-treated rats 48 h postinjury. These findings confirm that progesterone significantly decreases cerebral edema after TBI in adult male subjects.
Synthesis of Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Protein Engineering Strategies for Improved Enzymatic Transglycosylation (2019)

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) signify a unique group of oligosaccharides in breast milk, which is of major importance for infant health and development. The functional benefits of HMOs create an enormous impetus for biosynthetic production of HMOs for use as additives in infant formula and other products. HMO molecules can be synthesized chemically, via fermentation, and by enzymatic synthesis. This treatise discusses these different techniques, with particular focus on harnessing enzymes for controlled enzymatic synthesis of HMO molecules. In order to foster precise and high-yield enzymatic synthesis, several novel protein engineering approaches have been reported, mainly concerning changing glycoside hydrolases to catalyze relevant transglycosylations. The protein engineering strategies for these enzymes range from rationally modifying specific catalytic residues, over targeted subsite -1 mutations, to unique and novel transplantations of designed peptide sequences near the active site, so-called loop engineering. These strategies have proven useful to foster enhanced transglycosylation to promote different types of HMO synthesis reactions. The rationale of subsite -1 modification, acceptor binding site matching, and loop engineering, including changes that may alter the spatial arrangement of water in the enzyme active site region, may prove useful for novel enzyme-catalyzed carbohydrate design in general.
Non-conventional sources for ethylene (1981)

Two processes for conversion of methanol to ethylene are reviewed as to economic attractiveness at about 1990. The processes are homologation of methane to ethanol with dehydration to ethylene and direct catalytic cracking of methanol to ethylene using Mobil zeolite catalysts. For the economic projections, synthesis gas is assumed to be available from a large leverage-financed, synthetis gas unit based on a pressurized, entrained bed, coal-gasifier, built on the US Gulf Coast in 1990 at a cost of $0.19/m/sup 3/, and methane is valued at $650/metric ton in 1990 based on continuous operation of natural gas-based methanol plants in the US. The economics of ethylene production via conventional steam cracking of naphtha/gas oil are compared with those of the new technology. The methanol homologation/ethanol dehydration route to ethylene is more attractive than catalytic cracking at 40% carbon selectivity to ethylene. At higher selectivities, the methanol cracking scheme becomes economically competitive. However, with an assumption of a price of $650/metric ton for methanol in 1990, neiter methanol-based route is competitive with conventional steam cracking on the Gulf Coast in 1990. A methanol price of $500/metric ton would make the methanol-based oriduction routes attractive. 23 references.
Function of MoaB Proteins in the Biosynthesis of the Molybdenum and Tungsten Cofactors (2007)

Molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) enzymes catalyze important redox reactions in the global carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. Except in nitrogenases both metals are exclusively associated with a unique metal-binding pterin (MPT) that is synthesized by a conserved multistep biosynthetic pathway, which ends with the insertion and thereby biological activation of the respective element. Although the biosynthesis of Mo cofactors has been intensively studied in various systems, the biogenesis of W-containing enzymes, mostly found in archaea, is poorly understood. Here, we describe the function of the Pyrococcus furiosus MoaB protein that is homologous to bacterial (such as MogA) and eukaryotic proteins (such as Cnx1) involved in the final steps of Mo cofactor synthesis. MoaB reconstituted the function of the homologous Escherichia coli MogA protein and catalyzes the adenylylation of MPT in a Mg2+ and ATP-dependent way. At room temperature reaction velocity was similar to that of the previously described plant Cnx1G domain, but it was increased up to 20-fold at 80 degrees C. Metal and nucleotide specificity for MPT adenylylation is well conserved between W and Mo cofactor synthesis. Thermostability of MoaB is believed to rely on its hexameric structure, whereas homologous mesophilic MogA-related proteins form trimers. Comparison of P. furiosus MoaB to E. coli MoaB and MogA revealed that only MogA is able to catalyze MPT adenylylation, whereas E. coli MoaB is inactive. In summary, MogA, Cnx1G, and MoaB proteins exhibit the same adenylyl transfer activity essential for metal insertion in W or Mo cofactor maturation.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and magneto-optical Kerr effect of MnSbAg alloy films with NiAs structure (1999)

Crystal structures and magneto-optical properties of (MnSb)/sub 100-y/Ag/sub y/ (2.1/spl les/y/spl les/10.3) alloy films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering have by been studied by a X-ray diffractometer, a vibrating sample magnetometer and a Kerr loop tracer. The crystal structure of the Mn/sub 47.4/Sb/sub 47.5/Ag/sub 5.1/ alloy film annealed at 300/spl deg/C is a NiAs-type with HCP. The c-axis orientation is normal to the film plane by annealing at 300/spl deg/C for 7 hours. The saturation magnetization of the films shows the maximum at y=5.1 and decreases with the increase of y. The perpendicular anisotropy constants of the film annealed at 300/spl deg/C for 7 hours are K/sub 1/=8.7/spl times/10/sup 4/ erg/cm/sup 3/ and K/sub 2/=4.9/spl times/10/sup 5/ erg/cm/sup 3/. The Kerr rotation angle of the film decreases with decreasing incident wavelength within the range of 700/spl les//spl lambda//spl les/1000 nm. The polar Kerr rotation angles of 0.2/spl deg/ (/spl lambda/=700 nm) and 0.97/spl deg/ (/spl lambda/=1000 nm) have been obtained from the film annealed at 300/spl deg/C for 7 hours.
The Method of Predicting Retention Threshold Voltage Distribution for NAND Flash Memory Based on Back-Propagation Neural Network (2019)

A new retention threshold voltage (Vth) distributions prediction method for 3-D TLC and QLC NAND flash memories based on back-propagation neural network (BpNN) is proposed. The data pre-processing and post-processing techniques are developed to improve the prediction accuracy of BpNN model. Based on our proposed BpNN model, the predicted V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> distributions after different data retention times (t) and program/erase (P/E) cycles have good agreement with the measurements, which can be used for read voltage optimization (RVO) not only hard-decision decoding algorithm but also soft-decision decoding algorithm. Especially, this BpNN model can be embedded into the SSD controller and help in improving the reliability of NAND flash memory.
New Methods for the Synthesis of ArPdL<sub>2</sub>I (L = Tertiary Phosphine) Complexes (1996)

Organopalladium ArPdL2I (L = tertiary phosphine) complexes (1) can be synthesized in one step from the precursors Pd2(dba)3·C6H6 (2) (dba = t,t-dibenzylideneacetone) and (η3-allyl)PdCp (3) (Cp = η5-cyclopentadienide). Two advantages over previous synthetic methods are that this route requires only stoichiometric amounts of phosphine and that the desired complexes are easily isolated from reaction byproducts. The scope and generality of these reactions are investigated, and the synthesis of a number of new organic- and water-soluble complexes utilizing this methodology is discussed. Improved syntheses of water-soluble ligands P(C6H5)2(4-SO3KC6H4) (5) and As(C6H5)2(4-SO3KC6H4) (6) are presented as well.
Propagation of Sound in Rarefied Helium (1950)

The velocity and attenuation of sound at 1 mc/sec. were measured in helium at pressures as low as 0.1 mm Hg (sound frequency about twice mean collision rate). The observed dispersions are very large and agree well with those predicted by existing theories except at very low pressures where uncertainties are introduced by lack of gas purity.
Downregulation of Tonic GABAergic Inhibition in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome (2008)

The absence of fragile X mental retardation protein results in the fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common form of mental retardation associated with attention deficit, autistic behavior, and epileptic seizures. The phenotype of FXS is reproduced in fragile X mental retardation 1 (fmr1) knockout (KO) mice that have region-specific altered expression of some gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptor subunits. However, little is known about the characteristics of GABAergic inhibition in the subiculum of these animals. We employed patch-clamp recordings from subicular pyramidal cells in an in vitro slice preparation. In addition, semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot experiments were performed on subiculum obtained from wild-type (WT) and KO mice. We found that tonic GABA(A) currents were downregulated in fmr1 KO compared with WT neurons, whereas no significant differences were observed in phasic GABA(A) currents. Molecular biology analysis revealed that the tonic GABA(A) receptor subunits alpha5 and delta were underexpressed in the fmr1 KO mouse subiculum compared with WT. Because the subiculum plays a role in both cognitive functions and epileptic disorders, we propose that altered tonic inhibition in this structure contributes to the behavioral deficits and epileptic activity seen in FXS patients. This conclusion is in line with evidence implicating tonic GABA(A) inhibition in learning and memory.
Comparative analysis of type 2b von Willebrand disease mutations: implications for the mechanism of von Willebrand factor binding to platelets (1996)

von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein that forms an adhesive link following vascular injury between the vessel wall and its primary ligand on the platelet surface, glycoprotein Ib (GpIb). Type 2b von Willebrand disease (vWD) is a qualitative form of vWD resulting from enhanced binding of vWF to platelets. Molecular characterization of the vWF gene in patients with type 2b vWD has resulted in identification of a panel of mutations associated with this disorder, all clustered within the GpIb binding domain in exon 28 of the vWF gene. We have expressed six of the most common type 2b vWD mutations in recombinant vWF and show that each mutation produces a similar increase in vWF binding to platelets in the absence or presence of ristocetin. Furthermore, expression of more than one type 2b vWD mutation in the same molecule (cis) or in different molecules within the same multimer (trans) failed to produce an increase in vWF platelet binding compared with any of the individually expressed mutations. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the vWF GpIb binding domain can adopt either a discrete "on" or "off" conformation, with most type 2b vWD mutations resulting in vWF locked in the on conformation. This model may have relevance to other adhesive proteins containing type A domains.