gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cohesin Is Required for Activation of MYC by Estradiol (2012)

Cohesin is best known as a multi-subunit protein complex that holds together replicated sister chromatids from S phase until G2. Cohesin also has an important role in the regulation of gene expression. We previously demonstrated that the cohesin complex positively regulates expression of the oncogene MYC. Cell proliferation driven by MYC contributes to many cancers, including breast cancer. The MYC oncogene is estrogen-responsive and a transcriptional target of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Estrogen-induced cohesin binding sites coincide with ERα binding at the MYC locus, raising the possibility that cohesin and ERα combine actions to regulate MYC transcription. The objective of this study was to investigate a putative role for cohesin in estrogen induction of MYC expression. We found that siRNA-targeted depletion of a cohesin subunit, RAD21, decreased MYC expression in ER-positive (MCF7 and T47D) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. In addition, RAD21 depletion blocked estradiol-mediated activation of MYC in ER-positive cell lines, and decreased ERα binding to estrogen response elements (EREs) upstream of MYC, without affecting total ERα levels. Treatment of MCF7 cells with estradiol caused enrichment of RAD21 binding at upstream enhancers and at the P2 promoter of MYC. Enriched binding at all sites, except the P2 promoter, was dependent on ERα. Since RAD21 depletion did not affect transcription driven by an exogenous reporter construct containing a naked ERE, chromatin-based mechanisms are likely to be involved in cohesin-dependent MYC transcription. This study demonstrates that ERα activation of MYC can be modulated by cohesin. Together, these results demonstrate a novel role for cohesin in estrogen-mediated regulation of MYC and the first evidence that cohesin plays a role in ERα binding.
بررسی تأثير فاز اول درمان های پریودنتال بر ميزان قند خون در بيماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع دوم (2008)

Introduction : Systemic disease is often closely linked to the state of the oral cavity. One of thesesystemic diseases is diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of scaling androot planning and mouth rinse on blood sugar level in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods and Materials : 30 uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients suffering from sever chronicperiodontitis were selected and divided into two groups; each group consisted of 15 patients: Firstgroup (control): received oral hygiene instruction. Second group (case): received scaling and rootplanning plus oral hygiene instruction and chlorhexidine degluconate mouthrinse. In all groups,probing depth (in 6 sites of each tooth), bleeding index (in 4 sites of each tooth), fasting blood sugarand glycated hemoglobin were measured at first and three months after treatment. Then the before andafter treatment results were compared. Results : Mean fasting blood sugar in second group, reduced from 184.2 to 163.87 mg/dl. Glycatedhemoglobin in this group reduced from 8.78% to 7.29% (p<0.05). Bleeding index, plaque index andprobing depth reduction were statistically significant before and after treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion : Phase one periodontal therapy improves periodontal conditions and reduces fastingblood sugar and glycated hemoglobin. Key words : Scaling, Probing depth, Bleeding index, Plaque index, Type 2 diabetes, Glycated hemoglobin,Fasting blood sugar.
Entropy analysis of the EEG background activity in Alzheimer's disease patients (2006)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Although a definite diagnosis is only possible by necropsy, a differential diagnosis with other types of dementia and with major depression should be attempted. The aim of this study was to analyse the electroencephalogram (EEG) background activity of AD patients to test the hypothesis that the regularity of the AD patients' EEG is higher than that of age-matched controls. We recorded the EEG from 19 scalp electrodes in 11 AD patients and 11 age-matched controls. Two different methods were used to estimate the regularity of the EEG background activity: spectral entropy (SpecEn) and sample entropy (SampEn). We did not find significant differences between AD patients and control subjects' EEGs with SpecEn. On the other hand, AD patients had significantly lower SampEn values than control subjects (p < 0.01) at electrodes P3, P4, O1 and O2. Our results show an increase of EEG regularity in AD patients. These findings suggest that nonlinear analysis of the EEG with SampEn could yield essential information and may contribute to increasing the insight into brain dysfunction in AD in ways which are not possible with more classical and conventional statistical methods.
Charging and Billing in Modern Communications Networks — A Comprehensive Survey of the State of the Art and Future Requirements (2011)

In mobile telecommunication networks the trend for an increasing heterogeneity of access networks, the convergence with fixed networks as well as with the Internet are apparent. The resulting future converged network with an expected wide variety of services and a possibly stiff competition between the different market participants as well as legal issues will bring about requirements for charging systems that demand for more flexibility, scalability and efficiency than is available in today's systems. This article surveys recent developments in charging and billing architectures comprising both standardisation work as well as research projects. The second main contribution of this article is a comparison of key features of these developments thus giving a list of essential charging and billing ingredients for tomorrow's communication and service environments.
Temperature-induced conformational changes in prosomatostatin-II: implications for processing (1998)

Somatostatin (SRIF) is a 14-residue peptide hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and pancreatic islets. SRIF-14 and an N-terminally extended form, SRIF-28, are generated by the proteolytic processing of an approx. 102-residue precursor prosomatostatin (proSRIF) at a single set of paired basic residues (Arg-Lys) and at a monobasic (Arg) site respectively. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that the propeptide of SRIF mediates intracellular sorting; we suggested that this information resides in the prohormone structure. To identify putative sorting domains we have investigated structural features of recombinant anglerfish proSRIF-II purified from Escherichia coli. Two species of proSRIF-II were obtained: a monomeric form and a disulphide-linked dimer. CD analyses revealed that monomeric proSRIF-II lacks appreciable periodic secondary structure; however, on slow heating (2 degrees C/min) and cooling, it assumed a predominantly alpha-helical conformation. When subjected to a second heating-and-cooling cycle, the alpha-helical conformation was maintained. In contrast, the dimeric form of proSRIF-II was predominantly alpha-helical and its helicity did not increase in response to heating and recooling. Our results suggest that proSRIF-II might exist in several different folding intermediate states.
Influence of the size-dependent surface tension of a liquid film on a capillary force in an atomic force microscope (2008)

An adsorbed water film always exists between the sample and the probing tip of an atomic force microscope operating at atmospheric conditions. A new expression for the capillary force that acts between the tip and the thin liquid film has been obtained taking into account the size dependence of the surface tension of the liquid described by an exact solution of the Gibbs-Tolman-Koenig-Buff equation. The calculation agrees fairly well with the experimental results.
The slow component of axonal transport. Identification of major structural polypeptides of the axon and their generality among mammalian neurons. (1975)

This study of the slow component of axonal transport was aimed at two problems: the specific identification of polypeptides transported into the axon from the cell body, and the identification of structural polypeptides of the axoplasm. The axonal transport paradigm was used to obtain radioactively labeled axonal polypeptides in the rat ventral motor neuron and the cat spinal ganglion sensory neuron. Comparison of the slow component polypeptides from these two sources using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide electrophoresis revealed that they are identical. In both cases five polypeptides account for more than 75% of the total radioactivity present in the slow component. Two of these polypeptides have been tentatively identified as tubulin, the microtubule protein, on the basis of their molecular weights. The three remaining polypeptides with molecular weights of 212,000, 160,000, and 68,000 daltons are constitutive, and as such appear to be associated with a single structure which has been tentatively identified as the 10-nm neurofilament. The 212,000-dalton polypeptide was found to comigrate in SDS gels with the heavy chain of chick muscle myosin. The demonstration on SDS gels that the slow component is composed of a small number of polypeptides which have identical molecular weights in neurons from different mammalian species suggests that these polypeptides comprise fundamental structures of vertebrate neurons.
Die Collatzschen Einschliessungssätze für Eigenwerte bei Differentialgleichungen (1974)

In folgenden werden zwei auf COLLATZ zurückgehende Einschließungssätze für Eigenwertaufgaben (EWA) mit einer gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichung (DGL) 1 % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbWexLMBbXgBd9gzLbvyNv2CaeHbl7mZLdGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqr % pepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs % 0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-xfr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaai % aabeqaamaabaabauaakeaacaWGnbGaamyEaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiyk % aiabg2da9iabeU7aSjaad6eacaWG5bGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGPaGaam % yAaiaad6gacaGGBbGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaacYca % caWG4bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaOGaaiyxaaaa!5255!</EquationSource><EquationSource Format="TEX"><![CDATA[$$My(x) = \lambda Ny(x)in[{x_1},{x_2}]$$
Nanoporous Metal Phosphonates (2005)

Abstract Nanoporous metal phosphonates make up a growing family of organic–inorganic hybrid solids, which extends the scope of functional materials with potential in adsorption, ion exchange, catalysis, and sensing. Their attributes include thermal stability and the ability to incorporate functional organic and inorganic components accessible to adsorbates. The best established are those based on zirconium, comprising layered solids in which organic groups act as pillars between inorganic zirconium phosphate sheets. The porosity, which can be on the micro‐ or mesoscale, is engineered by design of the organic pillars and their number density and, while not ordered on the long range, can have a narrow distribution. Other pillared layered metal phosphonates are also known. More recent developments have yielded framework metal phosphonates with well‐defined permanent microporosity similar to that observed in zeolites, in the 0.3–1‐nm range, that demonstrate molecular sieving. Currently, the most promising solids of this kind include aluminum methylphosphonates and metal bisphosphonates, which can be described as metal–organic frameworks or MOFs. Another area of smaller, but developing interest is the preparation of metal phosphonates with ordered mesoporosity, in which a wide range of solids with relatively narrow distribution of pore sizes in the 3–15‐nm range is prepared by surfactant‐templated approaches. These have potential in the interaction with large molecules, including proteins.
Preliminary Investigations of Feasibility of Weaving Triaxial Fabrics (Doweave) (1970)

Studies were carried out to determine the feasibility of weaving triaxial fabrics (Doweave) in tight, low-porosity con figurations, and to investigate the stability and isotropy of triaxially woven fabrics. Detailed analyses of yarn motions required in triaxial weaving cycles disclosed no fundamental problems to prevent the achievement of tight fabrics woven of fine yarns. A breadboard loom, assembled to produce samples, confirmed to a degree the analytic predictions of loom configuration precision required to yield quality triaxial fabrics. Guidelines were generated for extending weaving capa bilities for full-scale production.
Radiationless Intermolecular Energy Transfer. III. Determination of Phosphorescence Efficiencies (1964)

Long-range radiationless energy transfer from the triplet states of aromatic hydrocarbons to the singlet states of fluorescent dyes (10—3 M) is used to measure the efficiencies of energy dissipation (φF, φIS, φP) for triphenylene, phenanthrene, p-terphenyl, chrysene, naphthalene, and/or their deuterated counterparts. Rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, acriflavin, and fluorescein were found to be suitable acceptors. By measuring phosphorescence efficiencies directly, reliable estimates of T→S radiative rate constants can be obtained.
Pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (2011)

As the increasing prevalence of diabetes reaches epidemic proportions worldwide, diabetic nephropathy and associated end-stage renal failure will be an unavoidable major health burden to not only individuals with diabetes and their families, but also to the health systems both in developed and developing countries. Over the past decade, a large body of research has focused on diabetic nephropathy ranging from studies in molecular signaling, hemodynamic regulation and pharmaceutical intervention to clinical outcomes. It is likely that the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy involves a multifactorial interaction between metabolic and hemodynamic factors. Metabolic factors involve glucose-dependent pathways, such as advanced glycation end-products and their receptors. Hemodynamic factors include various vasoactive hormones, such as components of the renin-angiotensin system. It is likely that these metabolic and hemodynamic factors interact through shared molecular and signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and protein kinase C with associated reactive oxygen species generation. It is likely that these contributing factors cause pathological damage not only to the glomerulus, in particular podocytes, but also to the tubulointerstitium. Specific inhibitors of the various pathways are now available and these emerging pharmaceutical interventions might have potential implications for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. The mainstay of therapy remains the achievement of optimal glycemic and blood pressure control in order to slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Agents that interrupt the renin-angiotensin system have been shown to be particularly useful as renoprotective agents in both hypertensive and normotensive type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects. (
Connective Tissue Growth Factor is a Biomarker and Mediator of Kidney Allograft Fibrosis (2006)

Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is a leading cause of kidney graft failure following transplantation. Its causes are complex and include both immunological and nonimmunological factors. Here we have studied the development of CAN in a mouse model of kidney transplantation comparing isografts and allografts. Unlike the normal histology and normal serum creatinine of the uninephrectomized, nonrejecting isografted mice (0.219 +/- 0.024 mg/dL), allografted mice demonstrated severe renal dysfunction (mean serum creatinine 0.519 +/- 0.061 mg/dL; p < 0.005) with progressive inflammation and fibrosis of the kidney. These animals also showed an increased expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), both systemically and within the graft. CTGF was highly expressed in tubuloepithelial cells of allografts, along with alpha-smooth muscle actin, a marker of myofibroblasts, and transcriptionally associated with other markers of fibrosis. In vitro studies of tubular epithelium indicate that CTGF is capable of inducing EMT, independent of TGF-beta. Finally, in human transplant recipients, serum and urine CTGF levels are significantly elevated compared to naïve individuals. Urinary levels correlated with the histological presence of CAN. These studies suggest a critical role of CTGF in graft fibrogenesis, for both mouse and man. Thus, CTGF has potential as a biomarker of CAN, and also a therapeutic target in managing graft fibrosis.
A Case for Business Process Deployment for Location Aware Applications (2006)

Summary Every action a business process performs must be explicitly anticipated, designed for and implemented by business professionals. Most of the current techniques specify business processes (BP) without incorporating all four Ws; Who, When, What and Where. These processes when used especially in logistics or supply chain applications will result in a BP becoming even more complicated and harder to customize. The business process is dependent upon business rules (BR) and required resources to achieve its objectives. To overcome some of these issues we propose a location aware business process deployment framework. Using this framework we can integrate location awareness into the existing business processes. In this paper our focus would be on how the companies can adopt their traditional business processes to be mobile. This case study presents a scenario for a company that uses a location aware technologies and information intensive business processes to enrich its existing enterprise applications.
Evaluation of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma with and without Prior Chemotherapy (2006)

FDG PET detects increased metabolic activity. After chemotherapy, viable cancer cells may still be present but with a diminished metabolic rate. As a result, PET imaging is often useful in the evaluation of untreated metastatic TCC metastasis but should be interpreted with caution in patients who have received prior chemotherapy.
Hyper-Raman optical activity of biologically relevant chiral molecules (2020)

The optical activity of Raman scattering provides insight into the absolute configuration and conformation of chiral molecules. Applications of Raman optical activity (ROA) are limited by long integration times due to a relatively low sensitivity of the scattered light to chirality (typically 10<sup>-3</sup> to 10<sup>-5</sup>). We apply ROA techniques to hyper-Raman scattering using incident circularly polarized light and a right-angle scattering geometry. We explore the sensitivity of hyper- Raman scattering to chirality as compared to spontaneous Raman optical activity. Using the excitation wavelength at around 532 nm, the photobleaching is minimized, while the hyper-Raman scattering benefits from the electronic resonant enhancement. For S/R-2-butanol and L/D-tartaric acid, we were unable to detect the hyper-Raman optical activity at the sensitivity level of 1%. We also explored parasitic thermal effects which can be mitigating by varying the repetition rate of the laser source used for excitation of hyper-Raman scattering.
Adverse Event Management of Oral Mucositis in Patients with Breast Cancer (2014)

Oral mucositis (OM) is a clinically important and frequent adverse event (AE) associated with cancer treatment with conventional chemotherapy as well as new targeted agents. Incidence and severity of OM vary from treatment to treatment and from patient to patient. The pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced OM can be divided into 5 phases. OM induced by targeted therapies differs among other things in appearance, course, concomitant AEs and toxicity, and thus could be perceived as an entity distinct from chemotherapy-induced OM with an innate pathogenic mechanism. OM has a severe impact on a patient's quality of life (QoL) by causing complications such as pain and discomfort. Even more important are associated restrictions in nutrition and hydration. Thus, the efficacy of cancer therapy might be impaired due to the necessity of dose delays and dose reductions. Numerous preventive and therapeutic approaches have been evaluated, but currently no single agent has changed the standard of care in preventing and treating OM. Thus, the current management has evolved from clinical experience rather than clinical evidence. This article will review the AE 'OM' induced by breast cancer treatment with chemotherapy and targeted agents in order to provide practical guidance for management and prevention.
High responsivity phototransistor with body-strapped base in standard SiGe BiCMOS technology (2013)

A new two-terminal phototransistor structure in standard BiCMOS technologies is proposed in this work. By connecting the floating base terminal to the local body terminal, the parasitic photo-generated carriers in the substrate are used to bias the base and to enhance the response of the phototransistor. Samples have been fabricated in a commercial 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS process. While the device without base-body connection shows a respectable 3.7 A/W peak responsivity at 630 nm wavelength, the phototransistor with base-body connection reaches an impressive 75 A/W peak responsivity at 750 nm wavelength and the dark current density is only 0.5 μA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Characterization of the substrate current in the phototransistors verified that the response enhancement is due to the carrier generation in the substrate.
Use of anticytokeratin monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies to improve tumor:nontumor ratio in experimental radioimmunolocalization. (1995)

A syngeneic, high-affinity, anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (MAb; alpha TS1) raised against an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (TS1) was evaluated as a second antibody to promote the rapid clearance of radiolabeled TS1 from the blood during experimental radioimmunolocalization. By using a novel biosensor technology (BIAcore), association rate dissociation rate, and affinity constants between the idiotype and the anti-idiotype could be determined. The in vivo results in nude mice carrying HeLa Hep 2 tumors demonstrate the possibility of selectively regulating the amount of the idiotypic 125I-labeled circulating MAb by in vivo injection of this high-affinity, anti-idiotypic antibody. Injection of the anti-idiotype in a molar ratio of 0.75 to the idiotype cleared the blood pool from circulating radiolabeled idiotype within 24 h, with a concomitant rapid excretion of 125I in urine. The total amount of remaining radioactivity in the animals decreased to 15-20% during these 24 h, with the tumors still retaining 60-65% of their initial radioactivity. This approach, using syngeneic primary and secondary MAbs with minimized immunogenicity, significantly improves the tumor:nontumor ratio, thus improving efficiency in experimental radioimmunolocalization and radioimmunotherapy, leaving the endogenous antibody repertoire of the host unaffected.
Transfusion-Introduced Falciparum Malaria (1968)

MALARIA in the United States has been steadily increasing, from 119 cases in 1962 to 1355 in the first seven months of 1967.1 Most of these cases occur in personnel returning from Vietnam. Approximately 1,000,000 men have now served in a malaria-endemic area, and another 500,000 rotate from the zone annually. These young men represent a sizable portion of the potential blood-donor population.* The case presented below points out that a soldier, deemed asymptomatic and with no evidence of parasitic disease on routine laboratory examination, transmitted malaria to the recipient of a blood transfusion. However, the presence of malaria in . . .
Displacement and brightness contrast fluctuation estimation using phase correlation. (1989)

本文では, 輝度, コントラスト変動と画像変位が並存する場合にもこれらを推定できる変位ベクトル推定法を提案する.変位量および輝度, コントラスト変動の推定には位相相関法と最小2乗近似を用い, 雑音環境下でも有効であることを実験により示す.