gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional protein fractionation using ProteomeLab PF 2D™ for profiling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis immunity: A preliminary report (2008)

We offer some insight into the strengths and limitations of this emerging proteomic platform.
Drug use in a trauma intensive-care unit (1990)

Medication prescribing patterns and costs of specific drug therapies in a trauma intensive-care unit (TICU) were studied. Demographic data and total drug use (scheduled, p.r.n., and single-dose medications) were recorded for all patients admitted to a TICU whose length of stay exceeded 24 hours. Scheduled and p.r.n. medications were categorized into major drug classes for purposes of analysis. Cost estimates were calculated for all scheduled medications. Correlations were made between demographic variables, injury severity indices, drug use, and length of stay by using simple linear regression. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare drug use between the trauma types. For the 278 patients who met the inclusion criteria, the mean +/- S.D. number of drugs prescribed was 9.1 +/- 6.5. Scheduled medications accounted for 58% of total drug use. Mean +/- S.D. duration of scheduled drug therapy was 5.0 +/- 4.8 days. Age (by decade), injury severity score, trauma score, and length of stay correlated with total and scheduled drug use per patient. Drug use (total, scheduled, and p.r.n.) did not differ significantly by trauma type. Antimicrobial therapy, stress ulcer prophylaxis, and bronchodilator therapy accounted for more than 66% of all scheduled drugs used; total cost estimates for these three drug categories exceeded $47,000 over the six-month study period. Analgesics, antipyretics, sedatives, and muscle relaxants constituted nearly 75% of all p.r.n. drug orders. Drug use in the TICU was extensive. The drug categories identified in this study may be useful in future cost containment efforts and initiation of drug use evaluations.
Highly reliable AgNW/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films: efficient methods for enhancing transparency and lowering resistance and haziness (2014)

Multi-layer coated AgNW/PEDOT:PSS films show excellent electrical standard deviation and enhanced optical properties without any further process. Furthermore, introduction of PEDOT:PSS could reduce the standard deviation to below 2.
Predictors of variceal bleeding: an analysis of clinical, endoscopic, and haemodynamic variables, with special reference to intravariceal pressure. (1989)

To assist in the prediction of variceal bleeding we examined 12 clinical, endoscopic and haemodynamic variables in 126 patients with portal hypertension (72 bleeders and 54 non-bleeders). Multiple regression and discriminant analysis were utilised for 101 patients. Stepwise regression among the 12 variables explained only 54% of the variability existing between bleeders and non-bleeders. Six of the 12 variables accounted for 51% of the total bleeder/non-bleeder variability. A predicting equation was evolved [Yp = -0.60 + 0.19 X1 (colour of varices) + 0.16 X2 (cherry red spots) + 0.03 X3 (red wale, markings) + 0.01 X4 (haematocystic spots) + 0.15 X5 (Conn's grading of variceal size) + 0.03 X6 (intravariceal pressure)]. Of the six variables used, variceal size indicated 35%, and intravariceal pressure accounted for 12%, of the explained variability between bleeders and non-bleeders. The presence of the three red colour signs and the colour of the varices accounted for only 3% and 1% respectively of the total explained variation. Using the discriminant function analysis, we were able to correctly identify 85% of the bleeders and 81% of the non-bleeders. Additional studies are required to detect the variables responsible for the unexplained variability (46%) between bleeders and non-bleeders.
Renal effects of amlodipine in normotensive renal transplant recipients (1999)

Renal effects of amlodipine in normotensive renal transplant recipients. The use of cyclosporin A (CsA) has improved the success of renal transplantation, but is associated with hypertension and significant renal toxicity. Previous reports suggest that calcium channel blockers may be useful in opposing the adverse effects of CsA. We have evaluated the effects of amlodipine (5 mg, once daily for 8 weeks) on renal function in 27 normotensive renal transplant recipients with stable renal function, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, cross over study. Amlodipine significantly reduced serum creatinine concentration relative to placebo (mean+/-SD: 168+/-65 vs 177+/-66 micromol/l; P=0.002) and there was a strong trend towards an increase in effective renal plasma flow on amlodipine relative to placebo (238+/-92 vs 217+/-87 ml/min; P=0.055). Glomerular filtration rate and lithium clearance were unaffected. Trough CsA blood concentration was unaffected. Amlodipine was well tolerated, with a low incidence of adverse events, and did not affect blood pressure or heart rate. In conclusion, amlodipine reduced serum creatinine in normotensive renal transplant recipients after only 8 weeks treatment, and was well tolerated in concomitant administration with CsA.
A Genealogical Interpretation of Principal Components Analysis (2009)

Principal components analysis, PCA, is a statistical method commonly used in population genetics to identify structure in the distribution of genetic variation across geographical location and ethnic background. However, while the method is often used to inform about historical demographic processes, little is known about the relationship between fundamental demographic parameters and the projection of samples onto the primary axes. Here I show that for SNP data the projection of samples onto the principal components can be obtained directly from considering the average coalescent times between pairs of haploid genomes. The result provides a framework for interpreting PCA projections in terms of underlying processes, including migration, geographical isolation, and admixture. I also demonstrate a link between PCA and Wright's f(st) and show that SNP ascertainment has a largely simple and predictable effect on the projection of samples. Using examples from human genetics, I discuss the application of these results to empirical data and the implications for inference.
Electrochemistry at well-characterized surfaces (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry at well-characterized surfacesArthur T. HubbardCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 4, 633–656Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00086a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1225Altmetric-Citations283LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Financial Building Blocks (2012)

The creation of synthetic and structured assets depends critically on the existence of various financial and legal tools. In fact, the financial instruments and contracts exist because a set of building blocks is available to structure and reshape cash flows and risk profiles to meet the needs of end-users and other participants. Risk is often classified in either speculative or pure form, particularly as related to the insurance sector. A speculative risk is one that can yield a loss, a gain, or no loss/gain, while a pure risk can only yield a loss or no loss, but no possibility of a gain. This chapter also discusses the essential instruments/vehicles of the synthetic and structured asset world: derivatives, host securities, and issuing/repackaging vehicles.
Effect of kynurenine 3‐hydroxylase inhibition on the dyskinetic and antiparkinsonian responses to levodopa in parkinsonian monkeys (2005)

Homeostatic interactions between dopamine and glutamate are central to the normal physiology of the basal ganglia. This relationship is altered in Parkinsonism and in levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID), resulting in an upregulation of corticostriatal glutamatergic function. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite with antagonist activity at ionotropic glutamate receptors and the capability to inhibit glutamate release presynaptically, might therefore be of therapeutic value in LID. To evaluate this hypothesis, we used a pharmacological tool, the kynurenine 3-hydroxylase inhibitor Ro 61-8048, which raises KYNA levels acutely. Ro 61-8048 was tested in MPTP cynomolgus monkeys with a stable parkinsonian syndrome and reproducible dyskinesias after each dose of levodopa. Serum and CSF concentrations of KYNA and its precursor kynurenine increased dose-dependently after Ro 61-8048 administration, alone or in combination with levodopa. Coadministration of Ro 61-8048 with levodopa produced a moderate but significant reduction in the severity of dyskinesias while maintaining the motor benefit. These results suggest that elevation of KYNA levels through inhibition of kynurenine 3-hydroxylase constitutes a promising novel approach for managing LID in Parkinson's disease.
Development of an Operator-Independent Method for Seeding Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts (2011)

The manual seeding of cells onto a biodegradable scaffold by pipetting is an effective method of cell seeding. However, the widespread use and ultimate clinical utility of this technique is limited by operator variability. This study was conducted to evaluate an operator-independent vacuum-seeding method for use in an upcoming clinical trial. Using bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, we achieved seeding comparable to manually seeded scaffolds in terms of cellular attachment, distribution, and viability in vacuum-seeded grafts at vacuum pressures of -25 to -50 mmHg. In conclusion, we describe an operator-independent seeding method for use in the clinical setting.
An Energy-Efficient Handover Scheme with Geographic Mobility Awareness in WiMAX-WiFi Integrated Networks (2009)

WiFi networks have been deployed in many regions such as buildings and campuses to provide wireless Internet access. However, to support ubiquitous wireless service, one possibility is to integrate these narrow-range WiFi networks with a wide-range network such as WiMAX. Under this WiMAX-WiFi integrated network, how to conduct energy-efficient handovers is a critical issue. In this paper, we propose a handover scheme with geographic mobility awareness (HGMA) by considering the past handover patterns of mobile devices. HGMA can conserve the energy of handovering devices from three aspects. First, it prevents mobile devices from triggering unnecessary handovers by measuring their received signal strength and moving speeds. Second, it includes a handover candidate selection (HCS) method for mobile devices to intelligently select a subset ofWiFi access points or WiMAX relay stations to be scanned. Therefore, mobile devices can reduce their network scanning and thus save their energy. Third, HGMA prefers mobile devices staying in their original WiMAX or WiFi networks. This can prevent devices from consuming too much energy on interface switching. Simulation results show that HGMA can reduce about 69% and 30% of energy consumption on network scanning and interface switching, respectively, and with 16% to 64% more probabilities for mobile devices staying in WiFi networks.
Studies of Helical Aggregates of Molecules. III. The Bivalent Metal Soaps of Optically Active 12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic Acid (1972)

Abstract The bivalent metal soaps of optically-active 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid were found to crystallize out in the form of twisted fibers from aqueous or anhydrous ethanol solutions. Most soaps of this class produced both righthanded and left-handed fibers from the same specimen, more of the latter in the case of the D-enantiomer. An enantiomorphic relationship of the sense of twist was clearly demonstrated by using both enantiomers of the Ca soap. Under a high-resolution electron microscope, it was observed on the Sr soap that Sr atoms are arranged in lines along the fiber axis with a periodicity of 33–40 Å, showing that the hydroxyoctadecanoate chains of the soap molecules are aligned approximately parallel to the width of the fiber. The twisting of the soap fibers was associated with the layer structure characteristic of soap.
The endo-8,9-epoxide of aflatoxin B1: a new metabolite (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe endo-8,9-epoxide of aflatoxin B1: a new metaboliteKevin D. Raney, Brian Coles, F. Peter Guengerich, and Thomas M. HarrisCite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1992, 5, 3, 333–335Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx00027a002https://doi.org/10.1021/tx00027a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell proliferation in 3,800 node-negative breast cancers: Concistency over time of biological and clinical information provided by3H-Thymidine labelling index (1997)

For breast cancer, many prognostic markers that initially appeared promising have failed to maintain their clinical predictive value. Few reports have analyzed the consistency over time of biological and clinical information provided by biomarkers. Tumour cell proliferation has acquired relevance as an indicator of prognosis and of response to treatment. Since its clinical role has been investigated for some decades, cell proliferation represents an ideal marker for an over-time validation. In 3,800 node-negative breast cancers recruited between 1972 and 1991, the consistency of information provided by the 3H-thymidine labelling index (TLI), in terms of basic relations with other clinico-pathological and biological variables and clinical predictivity, was evaluated using a combined analysis of results previously published by our group for distinct series of patients. Clinical predictivity was analyzed on a subset of 2,067 patients given local-regional therapy until relapse and followed for a median time from 6 to 10 years. Over the entire period TLI maintained a weak direct relation with tumour size and an inverse strong relation with steroid receptors. An increase in TLI was observed for tumours in post-menopausal patients up to the mid 1980s. During 3 different accrual periods (1972-1983; 1984-1987; 1988-1991), TLI was a consistent and independent predictor of relapse-free time, distant metastasis and overall survival, regardless of its consideration as a continuous variable or with a cutoff value of 3%. The reproducibility of our results over time provides support to the consistency of the methodology used and of the biological and clinical information obtained when using TLI as an indicator of breast cancer cell proliferation.
Brown adipose tissue and the regulation of body fat stores (1996)

White and brown adipose tissues serve important yet opposite functions; energy storage and energy expenditure. In contrast to white fat, brown fat is highly vascular, densely innervated by sympathetic nerves, and (unlike all other tissues) possesses uncoupling protein. Uncoupling protein is an inner-membrane mitochondrial protein that uncouples respiration in a highly regulated fashion. Because of this capacity, energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue can range over many orders of magnitude and, when maximally stimulated, can contribute importantly to total-body energy expenditure. Prevailing evidence, obtained mostly through studies in rodents, indicates that brown adipose tissue plays an important role in regulating total body fat stores. Whether it plays the same role in humans remains to be determined.
An accurate and efficient gate level delay calculator for MOS circuits (1988)

This paper describes an accurate and efficient gate level delay calculator that automatically characterizes and computes the gate delays of MOS circuits. The high accuracy is attributed to a sophisticated delay model, which includes an accurate representation of the waveform, a consistent and meaningful definition of delay, a consideration of waveform slope effects at both the input and output of a gate, and an innovative approach for handling transmission gate circuits. Meanwhile, the high efficient delay characterization is accomplished through a fast timing simulation technique instead of using a circuit simulation or a timing simulation technique, a theorem to reduce a two-dimensional delay table into a scaled one-dimensional table, and an incremental characterization process.The delay calculator has been used in a production timing analyzer and a production multiple delay simulator since 1986. The results show that the multiple delay simulator performs 5000 times faster than a SPICE-like circuit simulator at only 15% cost of accuracy. Gate delay models, delay characterization, and practical examples are presented in this paper.
Formation of Acrylanilides, Acrylamides, and Amides Directly from Carboxylic Acids Using Thionyl Chloride in Dimethylacetamide in the Absence of Bases (2006)

A general one-pot procedure is described that rapidly converts acrylic acid to anilides upon sequential treatment of the acid in dimethylacetamide (DMAC) with thionyl chloride and stoichiometric amounts of anilines in 88−98% yields, with DMAC offering rate and stability advantages over the use of DMF. The use of DMAC was extended to other organic acids in forming anilides. Benzylamine amides can also be formed using stoichiometric amounts of benzylamine and brought to completion by warming in the absence of additional base. In addition, it was shown that tert-butylamides can be easily formed with the addition of excess tert-butylamine at 20 °C.
Coagulation, Thrombosis, and Dicumarol with an Appendix on Related Laboratory Procedures (1950)

In this book, the authors attempt to acquaint the reader with current theoretic and practical knowledge concerning thrombosis, hemorrhage and anticoagulant therapy. It contains a modest presentation of the "factors and drugs which influence coagulation and thrombosis, and the influence of dicumarol® anticoagulant activity." The discussion of coagulation and thrombosis is in outline form and, as such, is rather well presented and concise. The known characteristics of fibrinogen and the role of thromboplastin are dealt with briefly but sufficiently to indicate present conceptions of their roles in thrombosis. The first part of the discussion of dicumarol® is well done. The story of its discovery and isolation by Link is excellent. However, the discussion of the clinical investigation and the statistical evaluation of the results of treatment are too inadequate to be important. The technic of dicumarol® therapy as used by Shapiro is outlined. Shapiro apparently does not believe that a
Enantioselective organocatalytic phospha-Michael reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones (2010)

Enantioselective organocatalytic phospha-Michael reaction of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and diaryl phosphine oxides has been developed for the first time employing multifunctional organocatalysts. Optically active products bearing quaternary chiral carbon stereocenters were obtained in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee).
A novel integrated-twin-guide (ITG) optical switch with a built-in TIR region (1992)

The authors propose a novel integrated-twin-guide (ITG) optical switch with a built-in TIR region to enlarge the spatial separation of output lights, which is suitable for a compact optical switching matrix array. A switching operation was observed in a GaInAsP/InP MQW ITG optical switch utilizing electric-field induced refractive index variation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genotypic variations in characteristics of nano-fibrillated cellulose derived from banana pseudostem (2017)

A laboratory study was undertaken to extract nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) from the pseudostem (a waste from the fruit harvest) of two commercial banana cultivars (‘Grand Naine’ and ‘Poovan’) in Tamil Nadu using a novel approach: a one-step method with a bleaching agent and alkali-free acid hydrolysis coupled with ultrasonication. The acid hydrolysis was performed using nitric acid and acetic acid (1:10 ratio). The treatment was effective in the depolymerization and defibrillation of banana pseudostem fiber and in the formation of NFC, which was confirmed by several physico-chemical techniques. The average diameters of the nanofibrils were 6 to 8 nm and 4 to 6 nm for ‘Grand Naine’ and ‘Poovan’, respectively. The XRD analysis revealed an increased cellulose crystallinity of almost 20% in the NFC compared with the respective raw banana fibers. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the absence of lignin, hemicelluloses, and pectin in the nano-fibrillated samples. The thermal analysis showed the increased thermal stability of the NFC.