gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Culture of Pig Oocytes in Minimal Medium, and the Influence of Progesterone and Estradiol-17β on Meiotic Maturation (1977)

Pig oocytes, with (intact) or without (denuded) adhering granulosa cells, were cultured for 33 to 35 h in minimal culture media containing bovine serum albumin and either progesterone or estradiol-17beta or both steroids. The incidence of maturation for intact oocytes in minimal medium was comparable, if not superior, to that observed by other investigators using complex culture media. No statistically significant stimulation of maturation by progesterone was observed for either intact or denuded oocytes. Estradiol-17beta at concentrations of 1.0 and 10.0 mug per ml inhibited the maturation of denuded oocytes, but the inhibition was overcome either by including progesterone in the medium or by subsequently culturing the inhibited oocytes in steriod-free medium. Chromosomal examination of air-dried oocytes indicated that intact and denuded oocytes cultured either in progesterone or estradiol-17beta exhibited an increased incidence of diploidy and hyperhaploidy at telophase I and metaphase II, but that oocytes cultured in media containing both progesterone and estradiol showed a higher incidence of normal haploidy than did control oocytes.
A Green Copper‐Based Metallo‐Supramolecular Polymer: Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochromic Properties (2012)

Stepwise complexation: A green copper-based metallo-supramolecular polymer was successfully synthesized through complexation of CuII ions with new bis(1,10-phenanthroline) ligands. The obtained polymer showed an excellent electrochromic color change from green to colorless upon electrochemical reduction of CuII to CuI. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Adaptive finite element methods for forward modeling in fluorescence enhanced frequency domain optical tomography (2004)

An adaptive finite element scheme for forward modeling in fluorescence optical tomography is implemented and the simulation results are compared with experimental data obtained from a tissue phantom by an area-illumination and area-detection scheme.
In-situ tryptophan-like fluorescence: A real-time indicator of faecal contamination in drinking water supplies (2015)

Enteric pathogens are typically inferred from the presence of surrogate indicator organisms such as thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms (TTCs). The analysis of TTCs requires time-consuming incubation in suitable laboratories, which can limit sampling resolution, particularly during critical pollution events. Here, we demonstrate the use of in-situ fluorimeters targeting tryptophan-like compounds as a rapid, reagentless indicator of TTCs in groundwater-derived potable water supplies in Africa. A range of other common indicators of TTCs were also determined including nitrate, turbidity, and sanitary risk survey scores. Sampling was conducted during both the dry and wet seasons to investigate seasonality. Tryptophan-like fluorescence was the most effective predictor of both presence/absence and number of TTCs during both seasons. Seasonal changes in tryptophan-like fluorescence in deeper supplies suggest it is transported more efficiently through the aquifer than TTCs. Moreover, the perennial elevated concentrations in some wells suggest it is more resilient than TTCs in groundwater. Therefore tryptophan-like fluorescence could also be a better indicator of some smaller, more easily transported, and long-lived, pathogenic enteric viruses. These sensors have the potential to be included in real-time pollution alert systems for drinking water supplies throughout the world, as well as for mapping enteric pathogen risks in developing regions.
Cloning and characterization of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-RTX-toxin III (ApxIII) gene (1993)

To study the role of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-RTX-toxin III (ApxIII) in the pathogenesis of porcine pleuropneumonia, we cloned and characterized the gene encoding this toxin. For that purpose, we screened an expression library of genomic DNA of serotype 8 with an ApxIII-specific monoclonal antibody and isolated a 425-bp fragment of an immunoreactive clone. Using this fragment as a probe, we identified and cloned an overlapping chromosomal NsiI restriction fragment of 5.0 kbp. Escherichia coli cells that contained this fragment produced a protein similar to ApxIII. Like ApxIII, the protein had a molecular mass of approximately 120 kDa, was recognized by an ApxIII-specific antibody, killed porcine lung macrophages, and was not lytic for sheep erythrocytes. We concluded from these data that the 5.0-kbp NsiI fragment contained the ApxIII-coding gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5.0-kbp NsiI fragment revealed the presence of two genes, apxIIIC and apxIIIA. These genes coded for proteins ApxIIIC and ApxIIIA, respectively, which were 53 and 50% identical to the prototypic RTX proteins HlyC and HlyA of E. coli. We assumed that the apxIIIA gene coded for the structural RTX toxin and that the apxIIIC gene coded for its activator. In addition, we found that ApxIII could be secreted from E. coli by the heterologous RTX transporter proteins HlyB and HlyD. The deduced amino acid sequence of ApxIIIA was 50% identical to that of ApxIA and 41% identical to that of ApxIIA. We concluded that, beside ApxI and ApxII, ApxIII is the third RTX toxin produced by A. pleuropneumoniae.
Molecular basis of the neutrophil glycoprotein NB1 (CD177) involved in the pathogenesis of immune neutropenias and transfusion reactions (2001)

The human granulocyte alloantigen NB1, recently clustered as CD177, is heterogenously expressed on neutrophils of 88-97% of healthy individuals. Since its molecular nature has remained unknown, we isolated NB1 glycoprotein from granulocyte lysate by immunoaffinity chromatography. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identified a 50,556 Da glycoprotein which was reduced to 43,069 Da after removal of N-linked carbohydrates. Following N-terminal amino acid sequencing and NB1-specific primer construction, rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR yielded a 1,614-bp cDNA for NB1. COS-7 cells transfected with the cDNA expressed immunoreactive NB1 glycoprotein. A 1,311-bp sequence was identified to be the entire coding region. The 5' and 3' untranslated regions consist of 27 bp and 276 bp, respectively. The open reading frame codes for 437 amino acids of which the first 21 form the signal peptide. The remaining 416 residues form a N-terminal extracellular protein with two cysteine-rich domains, three N-linked glycosylation sites and short transmembrane and cytoplasmic segments including a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol attachment (omega) site. Database searches revealed homology to Ly-6 (uPAR) domain, suggesting that NB1 belongs to urokinase plasminogen activator receptor/CD59/Ly-6 snake toxin superfamily.
Cascade Reactions of Methyl 2-Chloro-2-cyclopropylideneacetate with Five- and Seven-Membered Cyclic Dienolates: A Novel Approach to the Bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane Segment of the Skeleton of Mediterraneols (1996)

The MIMIRC (Michael-Michael-Ring Closure) reaction of methyl 2-chloro-2-cyclopropylideneacetate (5) with the cyclic dienolates 6a, 6c, and the one derived from 11-R under aportic conditions gave the tricyclic adducts 7a, 7c, and 10-R, respectively, in moderate to good yield. Compound 10-R is conceived as a potential intermediate for the synthesis of the biologically active marine diterpenes mediterraneol 1.
Using Ultrasound Lung Comets in the Diagnosis of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema: Fact or Fiction? (2013)

High altitude pulmonary edema is a life-threatening condition that remains a concern for climbers and clinicians alike. Within the last decade, studies have shown ultrasonography to be valuable in the accurate diagnosis of a variety of lung pathologies, including cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and lung consolidation. Recently, studies conducted in remote areas have demonstrated that ultrasound lung comets can be used as a measure of subacute pulmonary edema and high altitude pulmonary edema in climbers ascending to altitude. This clinical review article provides an overview of lung ultrasonography and its relevance as a diagnostic aid to respiratory pathology. In addition, we describe a standardized technique for identifying ultrasound lung comets and its utility in recognizing the presence of extravascular lung water, as well as the results of studies that have used this approach at sea level and high altitude.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Reduces the Capacity of Blood Mononuclear Cells to Induce Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Impact on Blood Progenitor Cell Transplantation (1997)

The feasibility of transplanting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)–treated normal human donors to myeloablated allogeneic hosts has been demonstrated recently. The current work examined the ability of recombinant G-CSF to alter peripheral blood T-cell function and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a murine model of allogeneic G-CSF–mobilized PBMC transplantation. Administration of recombinant G-CSF to C57BL/Ka mice markedly increased the capacity of PBMC to reconstitute lethally irradiated syngeneic hosts. T- and B-lineage lymphocytes were depleted about 10-fold in the bone marrow of the treated mice, and the T-cell yield in the blood was increased about fourfold. The ability of PBMC or purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to induce acute lethal GVHD in irradiated BALB/c mice was reduced after the administration of G-CSF. This was associated with decreased secretion of interferonγ and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and an increased secretion of IL-4. The donor cell inoculum, which was most successful in the rescue of irradiated allogeneic hosts, was the low-density fraction of PBMC from G-CSF–treated mice. These low-density cells were enriched for CD4−CD8−NK1.1+ T cells and secreted about 10-fold more IL-4 than the unfractionated cells from the G-CSF–treated donors.
Adaptability and validity of thin organic bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC) to sub-90-nm patterning in ArF lithography (2003)

The introduction of ArF lithography in device manufacturing has been studied with a low k1-factor. There are a number of issues that must be resolved to ensure the successful implementation of this technology. Such issues include the reduction in resist thickness and organic bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC) due to the characteristics of ArF resist with lower etch resistance in comparison with that of KrF. Requirements of a suitable high-performance of thin organic BARC material include chemical reactions with sub-layer, simulation for the minimization of reflectance, faster etch rate, and compatibility with resist. The optimum refractive index (n) and the extinction coefficient (k) of thin organic BARC are simulated to match the optical properties of substrates. These values are satisfied with the reflectance less than 2% at 1st minimum. In the case of SiN sub-layer with acid absorption capability, it is confirmed that the chemical reaction with thin organic BARC has an effect on line edge roughness (LER) and pattern profile. Also, the degree of these effects is dependent upon the acidity of thin organic BARC. In this paper, it is shown that the application of thin organic BARC to sub-90nm patterning in ArF lithography is very feasible and adaptable in the view of lithographic and etch performance.
Decentralized Intelligent Search of Tourist Routes Based on Check-In Data (2021)

The location social network generates a large amount of data; these dada reflect the user's preferences and the popularity of the route, and a new model is provided for travel route search. Based on this demand, a problem of local distributed travel route search is proposed for group users. In this problem, the personal preferences of group users are combined, and an access route is found with partial POI (point of interest) and the largest group profit. The check-in data are used to generate a POI transfer relationship diagram based on the user's transfer between POIs, and route search is performed on the relationship diagram. In order to improve the search efficiency, a two-layer transfer relationship diagram is designed according to the popularity and transfer relationship of POI, the POI is generalized, and a hierarchical query is realized. A branch and bound search strategy optimization algorithm is designed, and the control relationship between nodes is used for pruning; the search efficiency of the algorithm is further improved.
A comparative study in the use of brachial photoplethysmography and the QRS complex as timing references in determination of pulse transit time (2005)

For more than a century, there has been interest in pulse wave velocity and pulse transit time as a possible metric for blood pressure and other cardiovascular parameters. The most common approach in noninvasive measurement of these metrics has been to measure the time delay between the QRS complex on the electrocardiograph and the detection of the ringer photoplethysmograph. This paper introduces a new technique for measuring the brachial photoplethysmograph and argues that this forms a better timing reference than the QRS complex.
Vegetable flavonoids and cardiovascular disease. (2008)

Studies have suggested that dietary flavonoids are helpful in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Antioxidant activity should be noted as underlying mechanism of their health impact in the vascular system, as atherosclerosis is closely related to oxidative events such as oxidized LDL accumulation in the macrophages. Vegetables contain a variety of flavonoids, such as flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins. We focused on quercetin (3,3',4',5,7- pentahydroxyflavone), a major flavonoid in onion, and its anti-atherosclerotic effect was examined from the aspect of the bioavailability and translocation to the target site. Although quercetin exists as its glucoside form in onion, it is metabolized into several glucuronides and/or sulfate conjugates with or without methylation during its intestinal absorption. We found that these metabolites circulating in the human blood stream were mostly localized in plasma albumin fraction, but not LDL fraction. Onion consumption failed to enhance the antioxidant activity of plasma fraction against LDL oxidation, indicating that the level of quercetin metabolites bound to albumin is insufficient to exert the antioxidative effect in vivo. In contrast, we discovered that quercetin metabolites accumulate in the aorta tissue and exerted their antioxidant activity, when rabbits were fed with quercetin glucoside and high cholesterol diet. Furthermore, quercetin metabolites were detected in human atherosclerotic aorta exclusively. These imply that quercetin metabolites are incorporated into the atherosclerotic region and act as complementary antioxidants, when oxidative stress is loaded in the vascular system. It is likely that plasma albumin is a carrier for translocation of quercetin metabolites to vascular target.
A<sub>2A</sub>Adenosine Receptor Activation Improves Survival in Mouse Models of Endotoxemia and Sepsis (2004)

AR agonists increase mouse survival in endotoxemia and sepsis via A(2A) AR-mediated mechanisms and reduce the number of live bacteria in blood.
Dynamic Coherent Optical System (1973)

In this paper, we introduce a dynamic coherent optical system capable of yielding coherent images without the usual coherent artifacts such as noise and speckle. In addition, the dynamic coherent system will possess a bandwidth twice that of the corresponding coherent system. The system has been successfully applied to zoom stereoscope for viewing aerial images using illumination from an Argon Laser.
Tracking tropospheric radio occultation signals from low Earth orbit (2001)

Propagation of radio occultation signals through the tropical lower troposphere with severe refractivity gradients results in significant spreading of the signal spectrum. Under such conditions a signal acquisition technique which tracks large random troposphere‐induced phase accelerations more reliably than a generic phase‐locked loop has to be applied. This paper discusses the results of simulations of open loop tracking of radio occultation signals that were generated with data from high‐resolution tropical radiosondes. The signal has to be down‐converted in real time in the receiver on orbit to a low mean residual frequency by use of a phase (Doppler) model based on predicted orbits and refractivity climatology. The down‐converted complex signal is then low‐pass filtered and sampled. The phase in excess of the phase model must be reconstructed from the sampled and down‐linked signal in postprocessing. This may require an additional down‐conversion to eliminate (minimize) aliasing of harmonics in the spectrum. Then the accumulated phase can be reconstructed by resampling the signal at a higher rate to resolve the cycle ambiguities. A fast algorithm for prediction of the Doppler based on the refractivity climatology and an algorithm for the detection of Doppler mismodeling based on sliding window spectral analysis of the down‐converted signal are developed and tested. The accuracy of the Doppler modeling, ±(15‐20) Hz, the required filter bandwidth, 100 Hz, and the sampling rate, 50‐100 Hz, are estimated.
A new wideband, fully steerable, decametric array at Clark Lake (1974)

A new, fully steerable, decametric array for radio astronomy is under construction at the Clark Lake Radio Observatory near Borrego Springs, California. This array will be a “T” of 720 conical spiral antennas (teepee‐shaped antennas, hence the array is called the TPT), 3.0 by 1.8 km capable of operating between 15 and 125 MHz. Both its operating frequency and beam position will be adjustable in less than one msec, and the TPT will provide a 49‐element picture around the central beam position for extended‐source observations. Considerable experience has been gained in the operation of completed portions of the array, and successful operation of the final array is assured. This paper describes the results of the tests which have been conducted with the conical spirals and outlines the planned electronics.
Preparation and conductivities of fullerene-doped polyanilines (1993)

Upon doping with C60–C70(75 : 25 by mole) or by C60(>99%) in N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one–toluene solution at room temperature, conductivities of the emeraldine base of polyaniline as free-standing solution-cast films were found to increase significantly toca. 10–4 S cm–1 at a fullerene content of ca. 1 mol%.
Über Verbindungen mit Urotropin‐Struktur, XXXVI. Ringschlußreaktionen zum Ringsystem des 2‐Oxa‐adamantans (1966)

Abstract Das aus 3‐Methylen‐bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanon‐(7) ( 1 ) durch Lithiumalanat‐Reduktion erhältliche 3‐Methylen‐bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanol‐(7) ( 2 ) geht mit Säuren in 1‐Methyl‐2‐oxa‐adamantan ( 3 ) über. 1 erleidet mit Quecksilberacetat einen ähnlichen Ringschluß unter Bildung von 3‐Hydroxy‐1‐acetoxymercurimethyl‐2‐oxa‐adamantan ( 4 ), das in 3‐Hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐oxa‐adamantan ( 6 ) überführbar ist. Diese Verbindung entsteht auch bei der Einwirkung von Methyllithium oder Methylmagnesiumjodid auf Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonandion‐(3.7). Analog reagieren auch andere metallorganische Verbindungen.
On the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the mechanisms of action of antidepressants. (2003)

Most conventional antidepressant drugs influence serotoninergic, adrenergic, and/or dopaminergic systems, increasing serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine synaptic availability. More recently attention has focused on glutamatergic system. Both preclinical and clinical studies, showing antidepressant-like actions of compounds which reduce transmission at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, indicate possible involvement of glutamatergic system in the etiology of depression. Since glutamatergic transmission is controlled not only by ionotropic but also by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), their involvement in the etiology and the therapy of depression was also postulated. Recent studies, showing that antidepressant treatment may influence mGlu receptors, together with the findings that group I mGluR antagonists, may possess antidepressant-like action, support this hypothesis.
INHABITANT CONSCIOUSNESS AND BEHAVIOR OF RESIDENTS OF STUDIO APARTMENT IN URBAN AREA (1994)

This paper aims to clarify the position of the temporary resident in urban living and factors of community problems, based on the questionnaire to residents of studio apartments in Osaka city. The results are as follows; l)Residents are different in the living behavior according to the inhabitant consciousness. 2)The tendency of the community spirit of residents varies with the consciousness and the behavior, which cause of the community problem.
Generalized Traffic Engineering Protocol for Multi-Layer GMPLS Networks (2005)

This paper proposes a Generalized Traffic Engineering Protocol (GTEP). GTEP is a protocol that permits communication between a Path Computation Element (PCE) and a Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) controller (CNTL). The latter is hosted by each GMPLS node: it handles GMPLS and MPLS protocols such as routing and signaling protocols as well as controlling the GMPLS node host. The PCE provides multi-layer traffic engineering; it calculates Label Switched Path (LSP) routes and judges whether a new lower-layer LSP should be established. GTEP functions are implemented in both the PCE and GMPLS router. We demonstrate a multi-layer traffic engineering experiment conducted with GTEP.
Trehalose accumulation in the tardigrade <i>Adorybiotus coronifer</i> during anhydrobiosis (1991)

Abstract Changes in the trehalose level in the tardigrade Adorybiotus coronifer were observed during induction of, and arousal from, anhydrobiosis. A trehalose accumulation surpassing 1.6% dry weight (d.w.) in anhydrobiotic animals collected dry on their biotope was rapidly reduced on rehydration, reaching the level of active animals (0.1–0.2% d.w.) after 6 hours. Tardigrades dried while embedded in sand in the laboratory accumulated trehalose from 0.1% to 2.3% d.w. within 5–7 hours. Induction of aerobic acidosis in arousing tardigrades by CO 2 perfusion reversibly arrested reactivation for at least 36 hours and induced a reduction in anabolic and catabolic activities, measured as a significant reduction in trehalose degradation, and a sevenfold reduction in the rate of protein synthesis. These data support the hypotheis that trehalose generally serves a protective role in desiccationtolerant Metazoa, but indicate that tardigrades require only a moderate level for efficient protection.
A 2-inch, large-size deep ultraviolet light-emitting device using dynamically controlled micro-plasma-excited AlGaN (2013)

A dynamically controlled micro-plasma-excited (MIPE) aluminum gallium nitride deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting device is demonstrated. This device provides high-power DUV emission at any desired wavelength and allows enlargement of emission areas like plasma display panels for easy, low-cost fabrication. Neither p-n junctions nor electrode contacts are required for device fabrication. We fabricated 2-in. diameter wafer-size MIPE emitters of DUV light at specific wavelengths from AlGaN quantum wells with 50 mW average output power. We can also fabricate 6-in. diameter DUV emitters using sapphire wafers and 1 m × 5 m panel-type DUV emitters.