gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Heisenberg-Limited Spectroscopy with Multiparticle Entangled States (2004)

The precision in spectroscopy of any quantum system is fundamentally limited by the Heisenberg uncertainty relation for energy and time. For N systems, this limit requires that they be in a quantum-mechanically entangled state. We describe a scalable method of spectroscopy that can potentially take full advantage of entanglement to reach the Heisenberg limit and has the practical advantage that the spectroscopic information is transferred to states with optimal protection against readout noise. We demonstrate our method experimentally with three beryllium ions. The spectroscopic sensitivity attained is 1.45(2) times as high as that of a perfect experiment with three non-entangled particles.
Measurement of Gd-DTPA diffusion through PVA hydrogel using a novel magnetic resonance imaging method (1999)

Polyvinyl alcohol-cryogel (PVA-C) is a hydrogel that is an excellent tissue mimic. In order to characterize mass transfer in this material, as well as to demonstrate in principle the ability to noninvasively measure solute diffusion in tissue, we measured the diffusion coefficient of the magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent gadolinium diethylene triaminopentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) through PVA-C using a clinical MR imager. The method involved filling thick-walled rectangular PVA-C "cups" with known concentrations of Gd-DTPA solutions. Then by using a fast inversion recovery spin echo MR imaging protocol, a signal "null" contour was created in the MR image that corresponded to a second, known concentration of Gd-DTPA. By collecting a series of MR images through the PVA-C wall as a function of time, the displacement of this second known isoconcentration contour could be tracked. Application of Fick's second law of diffusion yielded the diffusion coefficient. Seven separate experiments were performed using various combinations of initial concentrations of Gd-DTPA within the PVA-C cups (3.2, 25.6, or 125 mM) and tracked isoconcentrations contours (0.096, 0.182, or 0.435 mM Gd-DTPA). The experimental results and the predictions of Fick's law were in excellent agreement. The diffusivity of Gd-DTPA through 10% PVA hydrogel was found to be (2.6 +/- 0.04) x 10(-10) m(2)/s (mean +/- s.e.m.). Separate permeability studies showed that the diffusion coefficient of Gd-DTPA through this hydrogel did not change with an applied pressure of up to 7.1 kPa. Accurate measurements could be made within 30 min if suitable Gd-DTPA concentrations were selected. Due to the excellent repeatability and fast data acquisition time, this technique is very promising for future in vivo studies of species transport in tissue.
Acupuncture for Treatment of Insomnia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (2009)

Acupuncture appears to be effective in treatment of insomnia. However, further large, rigorous designed trials are warranted.
Dynamics of the reaction of oxygen atoms with carbon suboxide (1978)

The dynamics of the O(3P)+C3O2→3CO reaction (ΔH° =−115 kcal/mole) has been investigated by means of a CO laser resonance absorption technique. The reaction mixtures consisted of NO2 and C3O2, with He or SF6 dilution. The O(3P) atom was generated by the flash photolysis of the NO2 above 300 nm. The three CO’s formed in the reaction were found to carry vibrationally about 19% of the total available energy, with an apparent near statistical population distribution. The results of an 18O-labeled experiment, however, indicate that the two CO’s originating from the parent C3O2 molecule are vibrationally much colder (〈Ev〉? 4.2 kcal/mole) than that from the reaction of the O atom with the center C atom (〈Ev〉?15 kcal/mole). This result is attributed to the incomplete randomization of the reaction energy in the dissociating C3O3 complex. Possible reaction mechanisms are presented.
Regulated recruitment of DC-SIGN to cell–cell contact regions during zymosan-induced human dendritic cell aggregation (2005)

Zymosan is a beta-glucan, mannan-rich yeast particle widely used to activate the inflammatory response of immune cells. We studied the zymosan-binding potential of human dendritic cells (hDCs) by using specific carbohydrate inhibitors and blocking monoclonal antibodies. We show that DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) is a major nonopsonic recognition receptor for zymosan on hDCs. Indeed, blocking of DC-SIGN inhibited the inflammatory response of DCs to zymosan. We compared the zymosan-binding capacity of hDC-SIGN to that of Dectin-1 and complement receptor 3 (CR3), which are receptors involved in the nonopsonic recognition of these yeast-derived particles. Dectin-1- and DC-SIGN-K562 cells bound to zymosan particles, whereas CR3-K562 cells did not. DC-SIGN and Dectin-1 were also expressed in COS cells to compare their ability to trigger particle internalization in a nonphagocytic cell line. DC-SIGN transfectants were unable to internalize bound particles, indicating that DC-SIGN is primarily involved in recognition but not in particle internalization. Zymosan induced a rapid DC aggregation that was accompanied by a dramatic change of DC-SIGN distribution in the plasma membrane. Under resting conditions, DC-SIGN was diffusely distributed through the cell surface, displaying clusters at the free leading edge. Upon zymosan treatment, DC-SIGN was markedly redistributed to cell-cell contacts, supporting an adhesion role in DC-DC interactions. The mechanism(s) supporting DC-SIGN-mediated intercellular adhesion were further investigated by using DC-SIGN-K562 aggregation. DC-SIGN was highly concentrated at points of cell-cell contact, suggesting a role for enhanced avidity during DC-SIGN-mediated intercellular adhesion.
Neuroprotective effects of a new glutathione peroxidase mimetic on neurons of the chick embryo's retina (2000)

During their period of naturally occurring neuronal death, retinal ganglion cells are particularly vulnerable to axotomy. The resulting cell death requires protein synthesis and is redox-regulated, since antioxidants protect axotomized-ganglion cells when given in doses that maintain the redox status near an optimal set-point. Here we report the effects of BXT-51072, a new glutathione peroxidase mimetic, on ganglion cell death induced in various ways in the retinas of chick embryos. The intraocular injection of BXT-51072 protected axotomized neurons at doses in a narrow (tenfold) range. It also reduced the deleterious effects of intraocular tert-butyl hydroperoxide, an inducer of lipid peroxidation, and diminished the excitotoxic degeneration induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate. However, BXT-51072 did not noticeably reduce naturally occurring cell death. Globally, our results show that BXT-51072 has numerous protective effects in the retina. In accordance with published data, the present report indicates that glutathione peroxidase mimetics may have potential applications for neurologic or degenerative diseases. J. Neurosci. Res. 59:497–503, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Development of new 2-piperidinium-4-styrylcoumarin derivatives with large Stokes shifts as potential fluorescent labels for biomolecules (2022)

A series of novel 2-piperidinium-4-styrylcoumarin derivatives, with large Stokes shifts and high fluorescence quantum yields, were synthesized using an efficient and low-cost synthetic strategy as potential fluorescent labels for biomolecules. Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory calculations were performed in order to rationalize the observed photophysical properties.
Dynamic shear stimulation of bovine cartilage biosynthesis of proteoglycan 4 (2006)

The paradigm that certain mechanical stimuli up-regulate biosynthesis in cartilage appears operative not only for load-bearing matrix constituents, but also for PRG4 molecules that mediate lubrication.
Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated Low-Energy Residential Houses (2012)

The indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and occupant comfort are closely related. The current indoor environmental assessment includes four aspects, namely thermal comfort (TC), indoor air quality (IAQ), visual comfort (VC) and aural comfort (AC). IAQ, as the nature of air in an indoor environment with relation to the occupant health and comfort is not an easily defined concept. In a broad context, it is the result of complex interactions between building, building systems and people. Comparative risk studies performed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) ranked IAQ as one of the 5 top environmental risks to the public health. Over the past decades, exposure to indoor air pollutants increased due to a variety of factors including: construction of tightly sealed buildings, reduction of ventilation rates (for energy saving) and use of synthetic building materials and furnishings as well as chemically formulated personal care products, pesticides and household cleaners. The effect of chemical pollutants on the perceived IAQ was investigated in several studies. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were suspected to cause ‘‘sick-building’’ symptoms, like headache, eye and mucous membrane irritation, fatigue and asthmatic symptoms (Redlich et al. 1997). The WHO air quality guidelines exist for major ambient air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and ozone, a few organic pollutants including mainly chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons (World Health Organization, 2000). The International Agency of Cancer Research recently upgraded formaldehyde to the group 1, known human carcinogen (IARC, 2004). However, there are still inadequate data about health effects of other VOCs. The total amount of VOCs and TVOC was not proven to correlate with symptoms. Investigations of all types of indoor air pollutants for the general air quality monitoring and assessment are complicated. In many studies, it was suggested that the measurement and analysis of the indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration could be useful for understanding the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and ventilation effectiveness. Healthy people can tolerate the CO2 level up to 10,000 ppm without serious health effects. An acceptable indoor CO2 level should be kept below 1000 ppm or 650 ppm above the ambient level in order to prevent any accumulation of associated human body odors. The indoor carbon dioxide is relatively easy to measure and its low level in the indoor air usually corresponds to a low level of VOCs.
Electric motor handbook (1988)

Electric Motors--J. Kirtley.Terminoloy and Definitions--N. Ghai.Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Forces and Loss Mechanisms--J. Kirtley.Induction Motors--J. Kirtley and N. Ghai.Synchronous Motors--J. Kirtley and N. Ghai.Permanent Magnet-Synchronous (Brushless) Motors--J. Kirtley.nDirect Current Motors--J. Kirtley and N. Ghai. Other Types of Electric Motors and Related Apparatus--J. Kirtley.Motor Noise and Product Sound--R. Lyon.Servomechanical Power-Electronic Motor Drives--S. Leeb.
An All-Reflective Zoom Optical System For The Infrared (1981)

Development and test work in the laboratory frequently requires variation of the size and radiative characteristics of a source which is used to provide the radiant power for effects or detection studies. To provide this capability, a system of multiple moving mirrors has been designed for use in optical beam shaping and image manipulation arrangements applied in optical diagnostic procedures and testing of optical sensor systems. Its particular features are a zoom capability of 30:1 and a total scaling range of 800:1, so that approaching or receding sources can be simulated in the laboratory. In addition, the effective source area and with it the accepted radiative flux can be varied over a range of five magnitudes. A detailed analysis of the system and its in-herent wavefront aberrations is given; the dynamic requirements, and methods to improve the optical performance of the mirror system are discussed.
Radioactive iodoprotein in thyroid lymph and blood (1966)

1. Samples of thyroid and non-thyroid lymph and of thyroid and peripheral venous blood were obtained from primates and cats that had previously been given radioactive iodine. The distribution of the organic radioiodine between the protein and non-protein fractions in these samples was determined. 2. The proportion of the organic radioiodine in the form of iodoprotein was assessed by paper chromatography, acid-ethanol precipitation, hot-butanol washing, column chromatography and separate estimation of iodotyrosines after enzymic hydrolysis. 3. In thyroid lymph the relative proportion of the organic radioiodine in the form of iodoprotein was 75-98%; in blood it was much lower, probably no more than 6-7%. The absolute concentration of iodoprotein radioactivity also was considerably greater in thyroid lymph than in blood. 4. Enzymic hydrolysis of the protein of the thyroid lymph yielded a pattern of iodoamino acids that corresponded closely with that obtained after hydrolysis of protein extracted from the thyroid gland itself. 5. It can be concluded that the iodoprotein in thyroid lymph consists mainly of thyroglobulin or a closely related compound.
Data Dissemination with Ring-Based Index for Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are capable of not only measuring real world phenomena, but also storing, processing, and transferring these measurements. Many techniques have been proposed for disseminating sensing data. However, most of them are not efficient in the scenarios where a huge amount of sensing data are generated, but only a small portion of them are queried. In this paper, we first propose an index-based data dissemination scheme to address the problem. With this scheme, sensing data are collected, processed, and stored at the nodes close to the detecting nodes, and the location information of these storing nodes is pushed to some index nodes, which act as the rendezvous points for sinks and sources. To address the issues of fault tolerance and load balance, we extend the scheme with an adaptive ring-based index (ARI) technique in which the index nodes for one event type form a ring surrounding the location which is determined by the event type, and the ring can be dynamically reconfigured. Considering that frequently updating or querying index nodes may cause high overhead, we also propose a lazy index updating (LIU) mechanism and a lazy index querying (LIQ) mechanism to reduce the overhead. Analysis and simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the external storage-based scheme, the DCS scheme, and the local storage-based schemes with flood-response style. The results also show that using ARI can tolerate clustering failures and achieve load balance and using LIU (LIQ) can further improve the system performance. is pushed to some index nodes,
PET/CT of Skull Base Meningiomas Using 2-18F-Fluoro-L-Tyrosine: Initial Report (2007)

Meningiomas of the skull base are clearly visualized using (18)F-TYR PET/CT, even after irradiation. In addition to MRI, (18)F-TYR PET/CT images may contribute to the evaluation, delineation, and follow-up of these tumors.
Hyperglutamylation of Tubulin Can either Stabilize or Destabilize Microtubules in the Same Cell (2009)

In most eukaryotic cells, tubulin is subjected to posttranslational glutamylation, a conserved modification of unclear function. The glutamyl side chains form as branches of the primary sequence glutamic acids in two biochemically distinct steps: initiation and elongation. The length of the glutamyl side chain is spatially controlled and microtubule type specific. Here, we probe the significance of the glutamyl side chain length regulation in vivo by overexpressing a potent side chain elongase enzyme, Ttll6Ap, in Tetrahymena. Overexpression of Ttll6Ap caused hyperelongation of glutamyl side chains on the tubulin of axonemal, cortical, and cytoplasmic microtubules. Strikingly, in the same cell, hyperelongation of glutamyl side chains stabilized cytoplasmic microtubules and destabilized axonemal microtubules. Our observations suggest that the cellular outcomes of glutamylation are mediated by spatially restricted tubulin interactors of diverse nature.
Study of Beaconing for Car-to-Car Communication in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2009)

IEEE 802.11p is currently being developed international standard, which specifies physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) protocols for car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure communication and should become a basis for safety-related and infotainment applications in future vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). In VANETs beaconing is one of the most important communication modes, which is used to advertise the presence of a car to its neighbor cars. For different applications timely and successful delivery of beacons containing speed, direction and position of a car is extremely important. In this paper, we present analytical methods for car-to-car communication analysis and investigate the influence of beacon generation rate on the mean beacon transmission delay and probability of a successful beacon reception in the IEEE 802.11p-based network in both saturated and unsaturated cases.
Synthesis of ten isomers of a macrocyclic polyether, tetramethyldibenzo-18-crown-6, and their complexes with salts of alkali metals (1975)

The preparation of the ten possible isomers of tetramethyldibenzo-18-crown-6 (6,10,17,21- and 7,9,18,20-tetramethyl-6,7,9,10,17,18,20,21-octahydrodibenzo[b,k][1,4,7,10,13,16]hexaoxacyclo-octadecin)(IV) and (VIII), from catechol and the ditosylates of 1,1′-oxydipropan-2-ol and 2,2′-oxydipropan-1-ol, respectively is described. The ability of the macrocycles to form crystalline complexes with some alkali and alkaline earth metals has been investigated and a number of these complexes are reported.
Examples of high-speed harmonic load pull investigations of high-efficiency GaN power transistors (2015)

This paper presents the capability of an advanced and high-speed, mixed-signal active harmonic load-pull system through measurement activity on AlGaN/GaN transistors. The advantages of the GaN technology which can provide a high power density and a high efficiency are best exploited when the optimum fundamental and harmonic terminations are provided to the transistor. The ultra-high speed of the system, together with its capability to control up to three harmonic impedances, can be used to search for the optimum terminations in a fast and effective manner. This has led to max drain efficiency as high as 90% at 2 GHz, while delivering at the same time 3.5 W of output power for a 1.2 mm device gate width. Further X-band analysis by using the same load-pull system, yields PAE >65 % over the entire wafer.
Joint Representation Learning for Location-Based Social Networks with Multi-Grained Sequential Contexts (2018)

This article studies the problem of learning effective representations for Location-Based Social Networks (LBSN), which is useful in many tasks such as location recommendation and link prediction. Existing network embedding methods mainly focus on capturing topology patterns reflected in social connections, while check-in sequences, the most important data type in LBSNs, are not directly modeled by these models. In this article, we propose a representation learning method for LBSNs called as JRLM++, which models check-in sequences together with social connections. To capture sequential relatedness, JRLM++ characterizes two levels of sequential contexts, namely fine-grained and coarse-grained contexts. We present a learning algorithm tailored to the hierarchical architecture of the proposed model. We conduct extensive experiments on two important applications using real-world datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our model. The proposed model can generate effective representations for both users and locations in the same embedding space, which can be further utilized to improve multiple LBSN tasks.
Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity: A Review and Perspective of the Evidence (2013)

More research should focus on addressing the true causes of chronic graft dysfunction rather than focusing on the overexaggerated contribution of CNIs to late graft loss.
Growth factor and somatic cell regulation of mouse gonocyte-derived colony formation in vitro (2000)

Abstract At birth, the mouse gonocyte does not resume mitotic activity for several days in vivo but, in an in vitro clonogenic system, cell division commences soon after culture. Somatic testis cell underlays had potent inhibitory activity on gonocyte-derived colony formation (23 +/- 15% compared with 84 +/- 1% in controls; P = 0.0001) when added to cultures of gonocytes in vitro. A Sertoli cell line, TM4B, had an even more pronounced effect on gonocyte clonogenic capacity, with 1 +/- 1% compared with 72 +/- 17% colony formation in controls (P = 0.0003). Testis cells appeared to have a direct inhibitory effect since testis-conditioned medium did not show a significant reduction in the number of colonies. The observed reduction in colony formation with the testis cell underlay was not accounted for by decreased attachment of gonocytes as simultaneous addition of a single cell suspension of testis cells was still effective in significantly reducing colony number when compared with controls (P = 0.01). Therefore, the observed inhibition exerted by testis cells appears to be a consequence of decreased proliferation of gonocytes. Growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor β superfamily which are known to be expressed in testis, such as transforming growth factor β and epidermal growth factor, did not exert any inhibitory action on gonocyte-derived colony formation when added together or alone. However, a shift to a smaller colony size occurred in the presence of transforming growth factor β and transforming growth factor β plus epidermal growth factor, indicating a reduction in colony cell proliferation. Evidence for the expression of the Mullerian inhibiting substance receptor on newborn gonocytes using in situ hybridization was inconclusive. This finding was in agreement with the lack of a direct action of Mullerian inhibiting substance on the formation of gonocyte-derived colonies in vitro. Leukaemia inhibitory factor, alone or in combination with forskolin, had neither an inhibitory nor an enhancing effect on gonocyte-derived colony formation. An in vitro clonogenic method to assay for the proliferation of gonocytes in the presence of specific growth factors, cell lines, testis cell underlays and cell suspensions was used to identify a somatic cell-mediated inhibitor which may be responsible for the inhibitory action on gonocyte proliferation in vivo shortly after birth.
Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Data Channel Switching Capable (DCSC) and Channel Set Label Extensions (2010)

This document describes two technology-independent extensions to Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS). The first extension defines the new switching type Data Channel Switching Capable. Data Channel Switching Capable interfaces are able to support switching of the whole digital channel presented on single channel interfaces. The second extension defines a new type of generalized label and updates related objects. The new label is called the Generalized Channel_Set Label and allows more than one data plane label to be controlled as part of a Label Switched Path (LSP).
Linear-Sweep Thermammetry Study on Corrosion Behavior of Al Current Collector in Ionic Liquid Solvent (2010)

The corrosion behavior of Al foil as the current collector for lithium-ion batteries is studied by linear-sweep thermammetry. The onset temperature for Al pitting corrosion depends on Li salt that is dissolved in an ionic liquid solvent; lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide . With , no corrosion current is observed until . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study reveals that this Al surface is covered by Al–F compound (presumably ). Due to the formation of a highly passivating layer in this electrolyte, the high voltage positive electrode coated on Al foil can be successfully cycled at without electrode failure.