gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1-RAAP: An Efficient 1-Round Anonymous Authentication Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks (2016)

Thanks to the rapid technological convergence of wireless communications, medical sensors and cloud computing, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have emerged as a novel networking paradigm enabling ubiquitous Internet services, allowing people to receive medical care, monitor health status in real-time, analyze sports data and even enjoy online entertainment remotely. However, because of the mobility and openness of wireless communications, WBANs are inevitably exposed to a large set of potential attacks, significantly undermining their utility and impeding their widespread deployment. To prevent attackers from threatening legitimate WBAN users or abusing WBAN services, an efficient and secure authentication protocol termed 1-Round Anonymous Authentication Protocol (1-RAAP) is proposed in this paper. In particular, 1-RAAP preserves anonymity, mutual authentication, non-repudiation and some other desirable security properties, while only requiring users to perform several low cost computational operations. More importantly, 1-RAAP is provably secure thanks to its design basis, which is resistant to the anonymous in the random oracle model. To validate the computational efficiency of 1-RAAP, a set of comprehensive comparative studies between 1-RAAP and other authentication protocols is conducted, and the results clearly show that 1-RAAP achieves the best performance in terms of computational overhead.
Simplified Extraction Procedure for Serological Grouping of Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci (1974)

An adaptation of the nitrous acid extraction of streptococci proved to be a reliable and practical method for the preparation of extracts for routine serological group identification. The extracts of all groups tested gave strong capillary precipitin reactions as well as reactions of double diffusion in gel. For routine grouping, extracts were prepared from the first one-half-plate subculture of the initial throat culture. The technique is simple and reliable, and it requires a minimum of technical skill, reagents, and equipment. Its use would facilitate epidemiological surveillance of group A streptococci and rapid diagnosis of streptococcal infections at a low cost.
Retention of β‐Carotene Encapsulated in a Trehalose‐based Matrix as Affected by Water Content and Sugar Crystallization (2002)

ABSTRACT: Retention of β‐carotene encapsulated in an amorphous trehalose‐gelatin matrix and surface color changes were studied during storage of samples at several water activities. The fractional retention could be described by a first order reaction kinetics. The higher retention of β‐carotene (about 80% in 6 mo) was obtained in the not crystallized samples, while for crystallized samples exposed to water activity 0.75 the loss was almost complete. Trehalose crystallization could not be delayed by the presence of MgCl 2 as occurs in the pure sugar systems. Surface color change was not a sensitive indication of carotene retention, which was mainly related to excess water over that needed to form the dihydrate crystals.
Curvature-compensated BiCMOS bandgap with 1-V supply voltage (2001)

We present a bandgap circuit capable of generating a reference voltage of 0.53 V. The circuit, implemented In a submicron BiCMOS technology, operates with a supply voltage of 1 V, consuming 92 /spl mu/W at room temperature. In the bandgap circuit proposed, we use a nonconventional operational amplifier which achieves virtually zero systematic offset, operating directly from the 1-V power supply. The bandgap architecture used allows a straightforward implementation of the curvature compensation method. The proposed circuit achieves 7.5 ppm/K of temperature coefficient and 212 ppm/V of supply voltage dependence, without requiring additional operational amplifiers or complex circuits for the curvature compensation.
Structure-Based Optimization of Small-Molecule Inhibitors for the β-Catenin/B-Cell Lymphoma 9 Protein–Protein Interaction (2018)

Structure-based optimization was conducted to improve the potency, selectivity, and cell-based activities of β-catenin/B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9) inhibitors based on the 4'-fluoro- N-phenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide scaffold, which was designed to mimic the side chains of the hydrophobic α-helical hot spots at positions i, i + 3, and i + 7. Compound 29 was found to disrupt the β-catenin/BCL9 protein-protein interaction (PPI) with a K<sub>i</sub> of 0.47 μM and >1900-fold selectivity for β-catenin/BCL9 over β-catenin/E-cadherin PPIs. The proposed binding mode of new inhibitors was consistent with the results of site-directed mutagenesis and structure-activity relationship studies. Cell-based studies indicated that 29 disrupted the β-catenin/BCL9 interaction without affecting the β-catenin/E-cadherin interaction, selectively suppressed transactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, downregulated expression of Wnt target genes, and inhibited viability of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent cancer cells in dose-dependent manners. A comparison of the biochemical and cell-based assay results offered the directions for future inhibitor optimization.
Cold atmospheric plasma jet-generated RONS and their selective effects on normal and carcinoma cells (2016)

Cold atmospheric helium plasma jets were fabricated and utilized for plasma-cell interactions. The effect of operating parameters and jet design on the generation of specific reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) within cells and cellular response were investigated. It was found that plasma treatment induced the overproduction of RONS in various cancer cell lines selectively. The plasma under a relatively low applied voltage induced the detachment of cells, a reduction in cell viability, and apoptosis, while the plasma under higher applied voltage led to cellular necrosis in our case. To determine whether plasma-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation occurs through interfering with mitochondria-related cellular response, we examined the plasma effects on ROS generation in both parental A549 cells and A549 ρ(0) cells. It was observed that cancer cells were more susceptible to plasma-induced RONS (especially nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2(-)) radicals) than normal cells, and consequently, plasma induced apoptotic cell responses mainly in cancer cells.
Calcium binding by chick calretinin and rat calbindin D28k synthesised in bacteria (1993)

Calretinin is a member of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family, with a high similarity with calbindin D28k. The chick calretinin cDNA sequence was reconstructed in a M13 vector and transferred into an expression plasmid derived from the pET series. The calretinin gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and produced immunoreactive calretinin of the expected size. Bacterially expressed calretinin was purified with successive ammonium-sulfate precipitation, DEAE chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, Sephadex G-75 chromatography and Mono-Q chromatography. Normally, 1.0-1.5 mg calretinin was obtained from 1 l bacterial culture with a protein recovery of 0.5-1.5%. Calbindin D28k was purified similarly from bacteria using an expression plasmid provided by W. Hunziker. Calcium-binding activity of purified proteins was measured by equilibrium dialysis in calcium/EGTA mixtures with 45Ca as tracer. Both calretinin and calbindin D28k bound 3-4 Ca2+/molecule (calretinin, 4.0 +/- 0.5; calbindin D28k, 3.5 +/- 0.4), implying that at least one of the canonical EF-hand domains does not bind calcium. The Kd was 0.3-0.5 microM with little difference between the values for the two proteins.
Measuring Response to Therapy by Near-Infrared Imaging of Tumors Using a Phosphatidylserine-Targeting Antibody Fragment (2013)

Imaging tumors and their response to treatment could be a valuable biomarker toward early assessment of therapy in patients with cancer. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is confined to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in normal cells but is externalized on tumor vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and tumor cells, and PS exposure is further enhanced in response to radiation and chemotherapy. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of a PS-targeting human F(ab')2 antibody fragment, PGN650, to detect exposure of PS in tumor-bearing mice. Tumor uptake of PGN650 was measured by near-infrared optical imaging in human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. PGN650 specifically targeted tumors and was shown to target CD31-positive ECs and tumor cells. Tumor uptake of PGN650 was significantly higher in animals pretreated with docetaxel. The peak tumor to normal tissue (T/N) ratio of probe was observed at 24 hours postinjection of probe, and tumor binding was detected for at least 120 hours. In repeat dose studies, PGN650 uptake in tumors was significantly higher following pretreatment with docetaxel compared to baseline uptake prior to treatment. PGN650 may be a useful probe to detect PS exposed in tumors and to monitor enhanced PS exposure to optimize therapeutic agents to treat tumors.
Melting of ice in porous solids (1977)

Differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.) and nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) techniques were used to study the melting of ice in porous solids.At low water contents (less than about three monolayers) no freezing or melting was observed. As the water content was increased, a single melting peak was observed as the pores filled. The amplitude of this peak reached a constant value when the pores were completely filled, and then at higher water contents a second peak was observed increasing in amplitude as more water was added. The lower melting point was characteristic of the pore water and this melting point decreased with decresing pore radius. The higher melting point (0°C) was that of the non-pore, bulk, water. The pore volume determined calorimetrically agreed with the quoted pore volume. A coefficient of 0.9 for the linear correlation between melting point depression (ΔT) and the reciprocal radius (1/r) confirmed the applicability of the Kelvin equation. It is concluded that the observed properties of water in pores are essentially bulk properties at distances of more than about 10 Å from the surface, and influenced more by the Kelvin effect, i.e., capillarity, than by the surface of the silica. D.s.c. can be used as a rapid method to characterise these silicas. Two simple measurements on silica samples containing water allow an estimation of the surface area, pore volume and an average pore size to be made.
Tocopherol analogs suppress arachidonic acid metabolism via phospholipase inhibition. (1992)

alpha-Tocopherol and three derivatives in which the phytol chain is modified or deleted were examined for their effect on cultured keratinocyte arachidonic acid metabolism. 2,2,5,7,8-Pentamethyl-6-hydroxychromane (PMC), in which the phytol chain is replaced by a methyl group, inhibited basal, bradykinin (BK)- and A23187-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis with an apparent Ki of 1.3 microM. The Ki of the analogue with six carbon atoms in the side chain (C6) was 5 microM while that of the C11 analogue was 10 microM. No effect of alpha-tocopherol was observed. The mechanism of inhibition was studied using PMC. The effect of PMC on phospholipase and cyclooxygenase activity was assayed using stable isotope mass measurements of PGE2 formation, which assesses arachidonate release and cyclooxygenase metabolism simultaneously. BK-stimulated formation of PGE2, derived from endogenous phospholipid, was decreased 60% by 5 microM PMC and eliminated by 50 microM PMC, compared with controls. No difference in PGE2 formed from exogenous arachidonic acid was observed, indicating no effect of PMC on cyclooxygenase activity. In contrast, no effect of 5 microM PMC was observed on BK-stimulated [3H]arachidonic acid release from prelabeled cultures. The capacity of PMC to inhibit phospholipase activity in vitro was also assessed. PMC inhibited hydrolysis of phospholipid substrate by up to 60%. These results suggest that alpha-tocopherol analogues with alterations in the phytol chain inhibit eicosanoid synthesis by preferential inhibition of phospholipase.
Latchup-free Schottky-barrier CMOS (1983)

A common failure mechanism in bulk CMOS integrated circuits is due to the latchup of the parasitic SCR structure. Using Schottky-barrier junctions for the source and drain of the p-channel transistors eliminates the p-n-p-n structure. A technology utilizing platinum-silicide p-channel source and drain and ion-implanted n-channel source and drain was realized demonstrating latchup resistance without many sacrifices inherent with other methods. Anomalies in the p-MOSFET characteristics are reported and discussed.
Depression in Elderly Patients (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Aetiology Signs and symptoms Diagnosis Therapy References
Speckle statistics in OCT images: Monte Carlo simulations and experimental studies (2014)

The speckle pattern of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) image carries potentially useful sample information that may assist in tissue characterization. Recent biomedical results in vivo indicate that the distribution of signal intensities within an OCT tissue image is well described by a log-normal-like (Gamma) function. To fully understand and exploit this finding, an OCT Monte Carlo model that accounts for speckle effects was developed. The resultant Monte Carlo speckle statistics predictions agree well with experimental OCT results from a series of control phantoms with variable scattering properties; the Gamma distribution provides a good fit to the theoretical and experimental results. The ability to quantify subresolution tissue features via OCT speckle analysis may prove useful in diagnostic photomedicine.
A reflow process for glass microlens array fabrication by use of precision compression molding (2008)

A novel low-cost, high-volume fabrication method for glass microlens arrays was developed by combining compression molding and thermal reflow processes. This fabrication process includes three major steps - i.e., fabrication of glassy carbon molds with arrays of micro size holes, glass compression molding to create micro cylinders on a glass substrate, and reheating to form microlens arrays. As compared to traditional polymer microlens arrays, glass microlens arrays are more reliable and therefore may be used in more critical applications. In this research, microlens arrays with different surface geometries were successfully fabricated on a P-SK57 (T(ind -g) = 493 deg C) glass substrate using a combination of the compression molding and thermal reflow processes. The major parameters that influence the final lens shape, including reheating temperature and holding time, were studied to establish a suitable fabrication process. A numerical simulation method was developed to evaluate the fabrication process. Finally, both surface geometry and optical performance of the fabricated glass microlens arrays were analyzed. Entnommen aus <a href="http://www.fiz-technik.de/db/b_tema.htm" target="_blank">TEMA</a>
Structural Properties of Guinea Pig Liver Transglutaminase (1971)

Evidence is presented that transglutaminase is composed of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 80,000 to 90,000. (a) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol gave a single band with a mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 85,000. (b) Gel filtration in guanidine HCl of the 14C-carbamidomethyl carboxymethylated enzyme protein showed a single peak of absorbance and radioactivity from which a molecular weight of approximately 85,000 was estimated. (c) Amino-terminal analysis by conventional methods showed no evidence of free α-amino groups. A peptide, believed to contain the amino-terminal residue, was obtained by Pronase digestion and was isolated at levels of 0.75 and 0.8 mole/90,000 g of enzyme. The sequence of this peptide was determined as pyroglutamylalanylaspartylleucine. (d) Digestion by carboxypeptidase A of the carboxymethylated enzyme protein in denaturing solvents released glycine and serine at equal rates to the level of 1 mole/90,000 g of protein. Hydrazinolysis gave approximately 1 mole of glycine. These findings, together with earlier evidence that the molecular weight of the native enzyme is 80,000 to 90,000 and that the enzyme protein contains 17 or 18 —SH groups, but no disulfide bonds, form the basis for the view of an unbridged monomeric structure of transglutaminase. Indication that transglutaminase performs its catalytic functions in the monomeric form was obtained from a comparison of the gel filtration patterns for the enzyme protein in the presence and absence of calcium ion. The identical nature of these patterns is in accord with the suggestion that this metal, which is essential for activation of transglutaminase, does not affect a change in enzyme molecular weight. A revised enzyme purification procedure is presented. Rabbit antiserum against transglutaminase has been prepared and used to characterize the enzyme purified by this procedure as immunologically homogeneous.
High-speed de-excitation system for brushless synchronous machines (2012)

This study presents a novel high-speed de-excitation system for brushless synchronous machines, where the de-excitation time constant can reach values of several seconds. In these conditions, despite the proper operation of the protection system, the slow de-excitation time constant may produce severe damage in the event of an internal short circuit. With the proposed system, a rapid de-excitation is achieved by inserting a resistance in the field circuit, obtaining a response similar to that in machines with static excitation. This system has been validated through computer simulations and experimental laboratory tests.
Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Database of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (2003)

Over the last 2 decades, mechanical circulatory support devices have been developed at a rapid pace with the goal of supporting patients with advanced heart failure as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, a bridge to recovery, and an alternative to transplantation, also called chronic or destination therapy. The current generation of devices provides a differentiated spectrum of circulatory support. The major limitations are infection, coagulopathies, and device dysfunction. The Scientific Council on Mechanical Circulatory Support of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation has established an international database (http://www.ishlt.org/regist_mcsd_main.htm) to generate critical data to advance knowledge about effectiveness of mechanical circulatory support device therapy for one of the most difficult and costly contemporary medical problems, the malignant syndrome of advanced heart failure.
System Identification for a Model-Based Observer of a Road Roughness Profiler (2007)

The increasing numbers of paved roadways throughout the world have motivated the development of automated methods of assessing road pavement conditions. A method of developing an automated profiling vehicle that can rapidly acquire and accurately determine road roughness levels is presented. It is shown that it is important to compensate for the chassis dynamics in order to minimize the effects of suspension system interactions when computing the road roughness level. Experimental results from a prototype vehicle are detailed where the effectiveness of the vehicle design method is demonstrated.
Mapping to completeness and transplantation of a group-specific, discontinuous, neutralizing epitope in the envelope protein of dengue virus (2007)

Dengue is caused by a taxonomic group of four viruses, dengue virus types 1-4 (DENV1-DENV4). A molecular understanding of the antibody-mediated protection against this disease is critical to design safe vaccines and therapeutics. Here, the energetic epitope of antibody mAb4E11, which neutralizes the four serotypes of DENV but no other flavivirus, and binds domain 3 (ED3) of their envelope glycoprotein, was characterized. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the ED3 domain from serotype DENV1 was performed and the affinities between the mutant domains and the Fab fragment of mAb4E11 were measured. The epitope residues (307-312, 387, 389 and 391) were at the edges of two distinct beta-sheets. Four residues constituted hot spots of binding energy. They were aliphatic and contributed to form a hydrophobic pocket (Leu308, Leu389), or were positively charged (Lys307, Lys310). They may bind the diversity residues of mAb4E11, H-Trp96-Glu97. Remarkably, cyclic residues occupy and block the hydrophobic pocket in all unrelated flaviviruses. Transplanting the epitope from the ED3 domain of DENV into those of other flaviviruses restored affinity. The epitope straddles residues of ED3 that are involved in virulence, e.g. Asn/Asp390. These results define the epitope of mAb4E11 as an antigenic signature of the DENV group and suggest mechanisms for its neutralization potency.
A customized beamformer system for acquisition of speech signals (2002)

The authors describe algorithms and hardware used to implement an acoustic beamformer for the purpose of speech acquisition. Beamforming algorithms studied include conventional delay and sum, Frost, and the generalized sidelobe canceler. In each case, parameters related to the algorithm such as the number of sensors, the number of tops, and the rate of adaptation were studied in order to optimize performance with speech signals yet maintain feasibility of real-time implementation on a single digital signal processing (DSP) chip. Results with simulated and real data as well as with an audio tape are presented. Eight channels of microphone data were simultaneously digitized using TLC32044 analog-digital converters, multiplexed in a T1 data frame format, and sent to a TMS320C30 serial port for subsequent processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The design of industrial vacuum systems (1951)

After outlining the laws governing the flow of gases at low pressures and their relation to the performance of individual components, the author proceeds to discuss a trial design. The information required is discussed and the factors which influence the final choice of components are dealt with in some detail with special reference to the basic features and the influence of operating methods and conditions on the design.
The effect of autogenic training and biofeedback on motion sickness tolerance. (1996)

A lack of significant correlation between these variables suggested that subjects were not able to apply their skills of ANS self-regulation in the motion environment, and/ or such skills had little value in reducing symptoms of motion sickness or enhancing their ability to withstand rotations.