gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constructing codes with bounded codeword lengths (Corresp.) (1974)

When the letter probabilities <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p_1,p_2,\cdots,p_N</tex> for a message source <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> are unknown, it may be imprudent to construct a Huffman code for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> based on the relative frequencies <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f_1, f_2,\cdots, f_N</tex> of the letters in a sample message <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> . Rather, a more cautious approach is to select an integer <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b \geq \log_2 N</tex> and to construct the code <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C_b</tex> which encodes <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> most efficiently subject to the restriction that codewords are at most <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</tex> bits long. This correspondence describes an algorithm for calculating <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C_b</tex> in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O((b-\log_2 N)N^2)</tex> steps.
Lithium 2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxide (2009)

[69163-14-0] C2H2F3LiO (MW 105.97) InChI = 1/C2H2F3O.Li/c3-2(4,5)1-6;/h1H2;/q-1;+1 InChIKey = DMQZZHWKDANLBZ-UHFFFAOYAY
ENZYME ACTIVITY AND QUALITY OF FROZEN GREEN BEANS AS AFFECTED BY BLANCHING AND STORAGE (1988)

ABSTRACT Effects of different blanching conditions on residual enzyme activities and quality changes in green beans during frozen storage were studied. Green beans were blanched at various temperature and time combinations at both pilot plant and commercial scales. After storage at —23°C for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months they were analyzed for residual activities of catalase, lipoxygenase, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase; changes in sensory quality as evaluated by a taste panel; and color and firmness as measured with instruments. Most of enzymes were inactivated during normal blanching but the residual activities varied among enzymes. Beans blanched above 82°C for 3.5 min yielded higher sensory scores for the quality attributes tested than those blanched at the lower temperatures. However, there appears to be no direct relationship between the quality attributes measured and the residual enzyme activities during 12 months storage.
Band gap atlas for photonic crystals having the symmetry of the kagomé and pyrochlore lattices (2006)

A new family of two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals with the symmetry of the kagome and pyrochlore lattices that exhibit interesting photonic band structures are reported. From large complete photonic band gaps in three dimensions to enormous partial gaps in two dimensions for certain polarizations occurring at feature sizes that make these lattice amenable of fabrication, the results described below sure make this new family of photonic crystals very promising for potential applications and very interesting from the fundamental point of view.
Non-intrusive QoS monitoring and analysis for self-healing web services (2008)

Monitoring and analysis of QoS are crucial steps for the provisioning of self-healing Web services and for managing web service-based distributed interactive applications. Dealing with these issues becomes even more challenging when applications are dynamically built by composition of distributed services involving different service providers. In this case, assuming access to the internal logic and its implementation within the composed Web services is not realistic. In this paper, we propose an architectural framework for monitoring and analysis of QoS driven by models for QoS analysis. This framework has been implemented and experimented for the web service technology within the European WS-DIAMOND project. We consider the general context where only SOAP messages between web services are monitored. The main novelty of our approach is, on the one hand, to provide a generic application-independent framework. On the other hand, we provide models allowing QoS deficiencies to be detected and considered as an indicator of the health degradation of the monitored Web services.
Topology of the secondary structure elements of ribosomal protein L7/L12 from <i>E. coli</i> in solution (1996)

Topology of the secondary structure elements of ribosomal protein L7/L12 has been studied. The sequential assignment was obtained for main and side chain resonances. This allows the overall secondary structure to be described. The results of high resolution NMR studies show that dimer of the ribosomal protein L7/L12 from Escherichia coli has a parallel (head-to-head) orientation of subunits, and N-terminal domain (NTD, residues Ser1-Ser33) has no contacts with the C-terminal domain (CTD, residues Lys51-Lys120). The NMR data for CTD are in line with crystallographic structure. The flexible interdomain (hinge) region (residues Ala34-Glu50) has an unordered structure, the Pro44 forming both cis and trans peptide bonds. Due to the conformational exchange the intensities of the peaks from the NTD are low. The conformation of the NTD, which is responsible for the formation of the L7/L12 dimer, is alpha-helical hairpin. the NTD dimer forms an antiparallel four-alpha-helix bundle.
Serine proteinase inhibitor therapy in α<sub>1</sub>‐antitrypsin inhibitor deficiency and cystic fibrosis (1999)

Proteinase-antiproteinase imbalances are recognized in several diseases including the two most common lethal hereditary disorders of white populations, alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) deficiency and cystic fibrosis (CF). In alpha(1)-AT deficiency, the type Z variant of alpha(1)-AT forms polymers in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes resulting in liver disease in childhood. The block in alpha(1)-AT processing in hepatocytes significantly reduces levels of circulating alpha(1)-AT. This may lead in young adults to panacinar emphysema due to insufficient protection of the lower respiratory tract from neutrophil elastase, permitting progressive destruction of the alveoli. In CF, chronic bacterial lung infections due to impaired mucociliary clearance lead to a vigorous influx of neutrophils in the airways. Released levels of neutrophil serine proteinases, particularly elastase, exceed the antiproteinase capacity of endogenous serine proteinase inhibitors in the airways. Progressive proteolytic impairment of multiple defense pathways in addition to endobronchial obstruction and airway wall destruction are thought to be responsible for the reduced life expectancy in CF patients. Strategies to augment the antiproteinase defenses in the airways of patients with severe alpha(1)-AT deficiency or CF include the intravenous or aerosol administration of serine proteinase inhibitors. Studies in both patient groups using plasma-derived or transgenic alpha(1)-AT, recombinant secretory leukoprotease inhibitor or synthetic elastase inhibitors show promising results concerning drug safety and efficacy.
Deep-ultraviolet tailored- and low-refractive index antireflection coatings for light-extraction enhancement of light emitting diodes (2013)

An omnidirectional antireflection (AR) coating for a deep-ultraviolet (UV) AR band is designed and fabricated on the sapphire substrate of a deep-UV flip-chip light-emitting diode (LED) device. The two-layer AR coating uses the tailored- and low-refractive index nanoporous alumina fabricated by glancing-angle deposition methodology. The AR coating effectively matches the refractive indices between the air and sapphire substrate. At close-to-normal angles of incidence, this AR coating almost completely eliminates the Fresnel reflection at the sapphire/air interface of the deep-UV LED device. The resulting improvement of the light-extraction efficiency by 8% is in good agreement with the simulation results. For a total thickness of 172 nm for the two-layer AR coating, extinction was negligible (&lt;2%). The results show that nanoporous alumina thin films are excellent tailored- and low-refractive index thin film materials for high-performance deep-UV AR coating applications.
Intelligent multiplexers with digital cross-connect capability-a requirement in network evolution (2003)

Telephone companies and interexchanged carriers are offering new network-based services that include special services provisioning and increased bandwidth to the customer premises. Such services require totally network-compatible customer premises equipment, and remote maintenance is important to keep costs down. Thus, there is synergy between an intelligent, network-compatible DS1 multiplexer and a digital cross-connected system in a central office or point of presence. Adding common network management expands the concept to a broad section of the carrier's customer base. End-to end voice and data services can be provisioned digitally through the carrier's central office-a precursor to ISDN (integrated services digital network) services and a migration path in network evolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Parameters for Successful Parental RNAi as An Insect Pest Management Tool in Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (2016)

Parental RNAi (pRNAi) is an RNA interference response where the gene knockdown phenotype is observed in the progeny of the treated organism. pRNAi has been demonstrated in female western corn rootworms (WCR) via diet applications and has been described as a potential approach for rootworm pest management. However, it is not clear if plant-expressed pRNAi can provide effective control of next generation WCR larvae in the field. In this study, we evaluated parameters required to generate a successful pRNAi response in WCR for the genes <i>brahma</i> and <i>hunchback</i>. The parameters tested included a concentration response, duration of the dsRNA exposure, timing of the dsRNA exposure with respect to the mating status in WCR females, and the effects of pRNAi on males. Results indicate that all of the above parameters affect the strength of pRNAi phenotype in females. Results are interpreted in terms of how this technology will perform in the field and the potential role for pRNAi in pest and resistance management strategies. More broadly, the described approaches enable examination of the dynamics of RNAi response in insects beyond pRNAi and crop pests.
Recruitment of the ESCRT Machinery to a Putative Seven-Transmembrane-Domain Receptor Is Mediated by an Arrestin-Related Protein (2009)

Mammalian arrestins have a major role in the intracellular trafficking of seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors. The fungal ambient pH signaling pathway involves an arrestin-related protein, PalF/Rim8, and the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery. We found that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rim8 binds to both the putative 7TM pH sensor Rim21 and the ESCRT-I subunit Vps23. We show that an SXP motif in Rim8 mediates binding to the Vps23 ubiquitin E2 variant (UEV) domain and that a monoubiquitinated residue near the SXP motif contributes to this interaction. We present evidence that Rim8 ubiquitination is dependent on the Rsp5 E3 ubiquitin ligase and triggered upon binding of Vps23 UEV to both the SXP motif and ubiquitin, thus suggesting a two-step binding mechanism. We further show that Rim8 coimmunoprecipitates with ESCRT-I subunits Vps23 and Vps28, supporting the idea that binding of Rim8 to Vps23 mediates the association of Rim8 with the ESCRT-I complex. Fluorescence microscopic analyses indicate that overexpressed Rim8 and Vps23 colocalize at cortical punctate structures, providing additional evidence of the interaction between these two proteins. Strikingly, our findings indicate that evolutionary conserved mechanisms control the recruitment of the ESCRT machinery to Pal/Rim proteins in fungi and retroviral Gag proteins in animal cells.
Alga associated with diarrhea in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in travelers (1990)

Spherical bodies resembling coccidian oocysts and measuring 8.0 to 9.0 microns in diameter were seen in the stools of eight persons with explosive, watery diarrhea. Seven had recently traveled to tropical countries, mostly in the Caribbean, and four had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The structures were easily discernible in wet mounts by light microscopy and contained variable numbers of granular inclusions, but were refractory to, or stained partially with, 12 commonly used laboratory stains. Electron microscopy revealed an outer fibrillar coat, a thin cell wall, granules, and organelles which were not surrounded by membranes. One type of organelle was similar to the thylakoid photosynthesizing organelles of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). These findings indicate that the bodies may be a species of blue-green algae.
Thermal analysis by a constant heat flow (1968)

Abstract A new method of and apparatus for thermal analysis is described, whereby the heat flow fed by the oven to the sample is kept constant as a function of time. The measurement gives the change of enthalpy in heating or cooling the sample. From this enthalpy–temperature relationship quantitative thermodynamic results are easily obtained. Transitions of first and second order in polymers can be measured in one run.
Diet, bowel function, fecal characteristics, and large bowel cancer in Denmark and Finland (1982)

Some 30 randomly selected men, aged 50-59 years, were investigated in each of 4 areas--Copenhagen, Them (rural Denmark), Helsinki, and Parikkala (rural Finland)--to determine the relationship of diet, gut transit time, fecal bulk, fecal bacteriology, bile acid concentration, and urinary volatile phenol production to large bowel cancer risk. Average daily fat intake was found to be high in all 4 areas, and no differences emerged between areas. Saturated fatty acid consumption was higher in low-incidence areas than in high-incidence areas. Intakes of nonstarch polysaccharides (the main component of dietary fiber), carbohydrate, and protein (mainly milk) were higher in the low-incidence area of Parikkala than in the high-incidence area of Copenhagen. The fecal bile acid concentration was higher in the high-incidence area than in the low-incidence area, with the other 2 areas having intermediate values. Fecal bulk showed an inverse association with colorectal cancer incidence. No differences were observed with regard to fecal bacteriology or mutagenic activity of the foods. These results indicate that a population can have a low risk of colorectal cancer despite a high intake of dietary fat, protein, and meat. Dietary carbohydrate and fiber may be considered protective. One mechanism limiting colorectal cancer risk could be the increase in fecal bulk resulting from such intakes, since increased fecal bulk dilutes the increased colonic bile acid concentrations of subjects on high-fat diets.
The Cobweb and Other Simple Dynamic Models (1959)

Economics is concerned with quantities of goods or factors and their prices. Goods or factors are bought and sold on markets ; one group of persons or organisations is buying, another group is selling on each market. In this chapter, a market for a particular good or factor is considered and the only aggregation is of buyers into a group and of sellers into a group. Further aggregation, over different goods or factors and over different markets, is left for later chapters. Such aggregation, which raises problems of valuation, of summing the products of quantities and prices, is best avoided in a first analysis.KeywordsDifference EquationEquilibrium PricePrevious PeriodSupply SideDemand CurveThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Identification and Purification of Specific <i>Penicillium marneffei</i> Antigens and Their Recognition by Human Immune Sera (1998)

Disseminated infection with the dimorphic pathogenic fungus Penicillium marneffei is increasingly seen among patients with AIDS in southeast Asian countries. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of humoral immune responses to this fungus in patient sera; we have confirmed this work using sera from P. marneffei-infected patients (n = 21) to develop Western blots of P. marneffei cytoplasmic yeast antigen (CYA). P. marneffei CYA was then partially purified by liquid isoelectric focusing, and fractions were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. Immunoenzyme development of the Western blots with pooled sera from patients with P. marneffei infection and with pooled sera from patients with aspergillosis (n = 20), candidiasis (n = 10), cryptococcosis (n = 9), and histoplasmosis (n = 11) revealed three antigens with relative molecular masses of 61, 54, and 50 kDa. These antigens were specifically recognized by the pooled sera from the P. marneffei-infected patients. The 61- and 54-kDa antigens were subsequently purified to homogeneity by preparative gel electrophoresis, and the 50-kDa antigen was partially purified by the same technique. N-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed that the 61-kDa antigen had a strong homology (87% identity) with the antioxidant enzyme catalase. The three antigens were then subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blotting and to immunoenzyme development with individual patient sera; sera from 86% of P. marneffei-infected patients recognized the 61-kDa antigen, sera from 71% recognized the 54-kDa antigen, and sera from 48% recognized the 50-kDa antigen. These specifically recognized antigens are the first to be purified from P. marneffei and can be used either singly or in combination to detect antibody responses in a large percentage of individuals infected with P. marneffei.
Treatment of recurrent herpes simplex infections with L-lysine monohydrochloride. (1984)

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of forty-one patients we found that oral ingestion of 1,248 mg a day of L-Lysine monohydrochloride shows evidence of decreasing the recurrence rate of herpes simplex attacks in nonimmunocompromised hosts. A dose of 624 mg a day was not effective. L-Lysine may also be capable of decreasing the severity of symptoms associated with recurrences. Neither dosage showed any evidence of shortening the healing time compared to placebo.
Combining Simulation and Machine Learning as Digital Twin for the Manufacturing of Overmolded Thermoplastic Composites (2020)

The design and development of composite structures requires precise and robust manufacturing processes. Composite materials such as fiber reinforced thermoplastics (FRTP) provide a good balance between manufacturing time, mechanical performance and weight. In this contribution, we investigate the process combination of thermoforming FRTP sheets (organo sheets) and injection overmolding of short FRTP for automotive structures. The limiting factor in those structures is the bond strength between the organo sheet and the overmolded thermoplastic. Within this process chain, even small deviations of the process settings (e.g., temperature) can lead to significant defects in the structure. A cyber physical production system based framework for a digital twin combining simulation and machine learning is presented. Based on parametric Finite-Element-Method (FEM) studies, training data for machine learning methods are generated and a FEM surrogate is developed. A comparison of different data-driven methods yields information on the estimation accuracy of task-specific data-driven methods. Finally, in accordance with experimental cross tension tests, the investigated FEM surrogate model is able to predict the interface bond strength quality in dependence of the process settings. The visualization into different quality domains qualifies the presented approach as decision support.
Encapsulation of Hydrophilic Pincer−Platinum(II) Complexes in Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Nanocapsules (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTEncapsulation of Hydrophilic Pincer−Platinum(II) Complexes in Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Polyglycerol NanocapsulesMartijn Q. Slagt, Salah-Eddine Stiriba, Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink, Holger Kautz, Holger Frey, and Gerard van KotenView Author Information Department of Metal-Mediated Synthesis, Debye Institute, Utrecht University Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Strasse 21/31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 15, 5734–5737Publication Date (Web):June 18, 2002Publication History Received18 January 2002Revised15 April 2002Published online18 June 2002Published inissue 1 July 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma020094shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma020094srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views967Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Encapsulation,Nanocapsules,Pincer complexes,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
Encyclopedia of chemical processing (2006)

Absorption Equipment. Advanced Oxidation. Adsorption. Advanced Oxidation. Aerosol Science. Alkylation Processes to Produce High Quality Gasolines. Animal Cell Culture. Antioxidants. Biocatalysis. Biodegradable Polymers. Biofilms. Biofuels and Bioenergy. Biogas. Biomass to Ethanol. Biomaterials. Bioprocessing. Bioreactors. Bioremediation. Bioseparations. Bubble Cap Trays. Bulk Molding and Sheet Molding Compounds. Capsule Pipeline. Carbon Dioxide Removal & Its Fixation. Carbon Nanotubes. Catalyst Deactivation. Catalyst Preparation. Catalytic Combustion. Catalytic Cracking. Catalytic Dehydrogenation. Catalytic Distillation. Ceramics. Compatibilized Blends. Composites. Computational Fluid Dynamics. Conductive Polymers. Contact Angles, Surface Tension, and Capillarity. Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). Corrosion