gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image‐based tracking of optically detunable parallel resonant circuits (2003)

In this work strategies for the robust localization of parallel resonant circuits are investigated. These strategies are based on the subtraction of two images, which ideally differ in signal intensity at the positions of the devices only. To modulate their signal amplification, and thereby generate the local variations, the parallel resonant circuits are alternately detuned and retuned during the acquisition. The integration of photodiodes into the devices permits their fast optical switching. Radial and spiral imaging sequences are modified to provide the data for the two images in addition to those for a conventional image in the same acquisition time. The strategies were evaluated by phantom experiments with stationary and moving catheter-borne devices. In particular, rapid detuning and retuning during the sampling of single profiles is shown to lead to a robust localization. Moreover, this strategy eliminates most of the drawbacks usually associated with image-based tracking, such as low temporal resolution. Image-based tracking may thus become a competitive (if not superior) alternative to projection-based tracking of parallel resonant circuits.
Hybrid of HMM and Fuzzy Logic for handwritten character recognition (2008)

This paper presents a hybrid approach of HMM and Fuzzy Logic in the field of handwritten character recognition. Fuzzy Logic is used in the recognition phase while HMM is used in the process of extracting features for the preparation of linguistic variables of the fuzzy rules. Experimental results from a few sample images give a reasonable recognition rate on a more challenging database of lower-case handwritten characters. This proved the proposed hybrid of the two techniques are compatible and can be used to complement each other effectively.
Analysis and design of parallel concatenated Gallager codes (2002)

The convergence characteristics of parallel concatenated Gallager codes using the Gaussian approximation of extrinsic information are analysed. A design strategy is introduced to select the component low-density parity-check codes effectively.
Aerobic Deterioration of Wheat, Lucerne and Maize Silages Prepared with <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> and a <i>Candida</i> spp. (1980)

Aerobic deterioration of lucerne, maize and wheat silages was characterized by rapid increases in yeast and mould flora which oxidized lactic and volatile acids resulting in increased temperature and pH. While populations of yeasts and moulds were similar, temperature increases were slightly greater for silages inoculated with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida spp. After 48 h the pH of the inoculated silages was higher in general and concentrations of acids were lower than controls. Bacterial growth was slight although continued lactic acid production was probable. In contrast to lucerne and maize silages, the pH of wheat silage remained stable during this period because of high butyric levels, but temperature and yeast populations increased. After 48 h the pH rose above 5 in maize and lucerne, and bacterial growth and metabolic activity resumed resulting in volatile and non‐volatile acid production from carbohydrate fermentation and deamination of amino acids. During this phase of aerobic deterioration yeast growth slowed or stopped, but temperatures remained high and pH continued to climb probably because of production of ammonia. The changes in gross composition of the silages did not follow any particular pattern. Losses in dry matter were small (2.5–4.0%) and changes in individual components probably reflect this loss rather than substantial changes. Protein availability in the lucerne silages undoubtedly decreased, as protein losses were high. It is concluded that the aerobic deterioration of silage is enhanced by the addition of L. acidophilus and Candida spp. at ensiling.
Sub-100 nm metrology using interferometrically produced fiducials (1999)

Pattern-placement metrology plays a critical role in nanofabrication. Not far in the future, metrology standards approaching 0.2 nm in accuracy will be required to facilitate the production of 25 nm semiconductor devices. They will also be needed to support the manufacturing of high-density wavelength-division-multiplexed integrated optoelectronic devices. We are developing a new approach to metrology in the sub-100 nm domain that is based on using phase-coherent fiducial gratings and grids patterned by interference lithography. This approach is complementary to the traditional mark-detection, or “market plot” pattern-placement metrology. In this article we explore the limitations of laser-interferometer-based mark-detection metrology, and contrast this with ways that fiducial grids could be used to solve a variety of metrology problems. These include measuring process-induced distortions in substrates; measuring patterning distortions in pattern-mastering systems, such as laser and e-beam writers; and measuring field distortions and alignment errors in steppers and scanners. We describe a proposed standard for pattern-placement metrology, which includes both a fiducial grid and market-type marks. Finally, a number of methods through which phase-coherent periodic structures can be patterned are shown, including “traditional” interference lithography, achromatic interference lithography, near-field interference lithography, and scanning-beam interference lithography.
Radiated‐Wave Applications (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Fundamental Aspects of Leaky-Wave Structures Backfire-to-Endfire (BE) Leaky-Wave (LW) Antenna Electronically Scanned BE LW Antenna Reflecto-Directive Systems Two-Dimensional Structures Zeroth Order Resonating Antenna Dual-Band CRLH-TL Resonating Ring Antenna Focusing Radiative “Meta-Interfaces” References
Single and Combination Antibiotic Therapy of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Experimental Endocarditis: Emergence of Gentamicin-Resistant Mutants (1978)

The efficacy of nafcillin and gentamicin used alone and in combination at doses giving serum concentrations comparable to those achieved in patients was studied in rabbits with experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. The organism used was a penicillinase-producing, methicillin-susceptible, clinical isolate. The addition of gentamicin to nafcillin significantly increased the rate of killing of organisms in valvular vegetations, compared to the effect of nafcillin alone. Gentamicin alone delayed mortality but was not effective in reducing the bacterial populations of the vegetations. Bacteremia persisted in the animals treated with gentamicin alone, in contrast to the groups treated with nafcillin or the combination. Selection of a subpopulation of aminoglycoside-resistant small-colony variants occurred in animals treated with gentamicin alone. This variant was subsequently employed in the rabbit model and produced endocarditis, metastatic infection, and bacteremia comparable to those caused by the parent strain. Animals with infection produced by the variant died later than animals infected by the parent strain. Nafcillin was equally effective in reducing the population of both parent and variant strains in vitro and in therapy of the infected animals. Population studies showed the variant to be a mutant emerging at a rate of 1.9 x 10(-7). It was shown to differ from the parent strain in coagulase and hemolysin production, colonial morphology, and aminoglycoside susceptibility, but was similar by light and electron microscopy and in phage type, pigmentation of colonies, deoxyribonuclease production, mannitol fermentation, and growth rate.
Ricoeur et la Rückfrage (2015)

Michel Johann. Ricœur et la Rückfrage. In: Revue Philosophique de Louvain. Troisième série, tome 113, n°1, 2015. pp. 145-162.
Halogenation of Indole Alkaloids with Halodimethylsulfonium Halogenids and Halodimethylsulfuxonium Halogenids (1989)

Abstract A new field of application of halodimethyl-sulfonium halogenids and halodimethylsulfoxonium halogenids had been studied. The formers were used for the halogenation of indole alkaloids, compounds of ergoline or aspidospermidine structure, and vincamine.
The hidden crisis in mental health and education: The gap between student needs and existing supports (2008)

The authors provide a selected review of mental health and educational concerns evident in U.S. middle schools and describes promising and important strategies to ameliorate the high rates of students with mental health and academic difficulties. Despite some promising and important strategies, service systems are fragmented, and comprehensive systems of supports are still in development. Furthermore, there remains a lack of integrated developmental considerations in practice. The RALLY approach systematically introduces development and caring adult relationships into preventive practice and combines mental health, education, and youth development to promote students' resiliency and academic potential.
Genetic Landscape of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Head and Neck Cancer and Comparison to Tobacco-Related Tumors (2015)

Head and neck cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. It is often amenable to curative intent therapy when localized to the head and neck region, but it carries a poor prognosis when it is recurrent or metastatic. Therefore, initial treatment decisions are critical to improve patient survival. However, multimodality therapy used with curative intent is toxic. The balance between offering intensive versus tolerable and function-preserving therapy has been thrown into sharp relief with the recently described epidemic of human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas characterized by improved clinical outcomes compared with smoking-associated head and neck tumors. Model systems and clinical trials have been slow to address the clinical questions that face the field to date. With this as a background, a host of translational studies have recently reported the somatic alterations in head and neck cancer and have highlighted the distinct genetic and biologic differences between viral and tobacco-associated tumors. This review seeks to summarize the main findings of studies, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, for the clinician scientist, with a goal of leveraging this new knowledge toward the betterment of patients with head and neck cancer.
Biochemical and Functional Evaluation of the Intramolecular Disulfide Bonds in the Zinc-Chelating Antimicrobial Protein Human S100A7 (Psoriasin) (2017)

Human S100A7 (psoriasin) is a metal-chelating protein expressed by epithelial cells. It is a 22-kDa homodimer with two EF-hand domains per subunit and two transition-metal-binding His<sub>3</sub>Asp sites at the dimer interface. Each subunit contains two cysteine residues that can exist as free thiols (S100A7<sub>red</sub>) or as an intramolecular disulfide bond (S100A7<sub>ox</sub>). Herein, we examine the disulfide bond redox behavior, the Zn(II) binding properties, and the antibacterial activity of S100A7, as well as the effect of Ca(II) ions on these properties. In agreement with prior work [Hein, K. Z., et al. (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 112, 13039-13044], we show that apo S100A7<sub>ox</sub> is a substrate for the mammalian thioredoxin system; however, negligible reduction of the disulfide bond is observed for Ca(II)- and Zn(II)-bound S100A7<sub>ox</sub>. Furthermore, metal binding depresses the midpoint potential of the disulfide bond. S100A7<sub>ox</sub> and S100A7<sub>red</sub> each coordinate 2 equiv of Zn(II) with subnanomolar affinity in the absence and presence of Ca(II) ions, and the cysteine thiolates in S100A7<sub>red</sub> do not form a third high-affinity Zn(II) site. These results refute a prior model implicating the Cys thiolates of S100A7<sub>red</sub> in high-affinity Zn(II) binding [Hein, K. Z., et al. (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 112, 13039-13044]. S100A7<sub>ox</sub> and the disulfide-null variants show comparable Zn(II)-depletion profiles; however, only S100A7<sub>ox</sub> exhibits antibacterial activity against select bacterial species. Metal substitution experiments suggest that the disulfide bonds in S100A7 may enhance metal sequestration by the His<sub>3</sub>Asp sites and thereby confer growth inhibitory properties to S100A7<sub>ox</sub>.
The Effect of Immune Factors, Tumor Necrosis Factor- , and Agonistic Autoantibodies to the Angiotensin II Type I Receptor on Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine-1 and Soluble Endoglin Production in Response to Hypertension During Pregnancy (2010)

These data suggest that immune factors may serve as an important stimulus for both sFlt-1 and sEndoglin production in response to placental ischemia.
A water-stable metal–organic framework of a zwitterionic carboxylate with dysprosium: a sensing platform for Ebolavirus RNA sequences (2015)

We herein report a water-stable 3D dysprosium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) that can non-covalently interact with probe ss-DNA. The formed system can serve as an effective fluorescence sensing platform for the detection of complementary Ebolavirus RNA sequences with the detection limit of 160 pM.
A combined computational and microarray-based approach identifies novel microRNAs encoded by human gamma-herpesviruses (2006)

We have developed an approach to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that is based on bioinformatics and array-based technologies, without the use of cDNA cloning. The approach, designed for use on genomes of small size (<2 Mb), was tested on cells infected by either of two lymphotropic herpesviruses, KSHV and EBV. The viral genomes were scanned computationally for pre-miRNAs using an algorithm (VMir) we have developed. Candidate hairpins suggested by this analysis were then synthesized as oligonucleotides on microarrays, and the arrays were hybridized with small RNAs from infected cells. Candidate miRNAs that scored positive on the arrays were then subjected to confirmatory Northern blot analysis. Using this approach, 10 of the known KSHV pre-miRNAs were identified, as well as a novel pre-miRNA that had earlier escaped detection. This method also led to the identification of seven new EBV-encoded pre-miRNAs; by using additional computational approaches, we identified a total of 18 new EBV pre-miRNAs that produce 22 mature miRNA molecules, thereby more than quadrupling the total number of hitherto known EBV miRNAs. The advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed.
Principal components analysis: theory and application to gene expression data analysis (2018)

Advances in computational power have enabled research to generate significant amounts of data related to complex biological problems. Consequently, applying appropriate data analysis techniques has become paramount to tackle this complexity. However, theoretical understanding of statistical methods is necessary to ensure that the correct method is used and that sound inferences are made based on the analysis. In this article, we elaborate on the theory behind principal components analysis (PCA), which has become a favoured multivariate statistical tool in the field of omics-data analysis. We discuss the necessary prerequisites and steps to produce statistically valid results and provide guidelines for interpreting the output. Using PCA on gene expression data from a mouse experiment, we demonstrate that the main distinctive pattern in the data is associated with the transgenic mouse line and is not related to the mouse gender. A weaker association of the pattern with the genotype was also identified.
Pulse-based Interface Circuits for SPR Sensing Systems (2005)

This paper presents a means for reducing the impact of dark current, photodetector mismatch (fixed pattern noise), and the background medium on the signals generated by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing system for determining the concentration of targeted analytes in solution. Results for each circuit component (simulated and experimental) correlate well, with a maximum error of 3%, 7% and 12% in basic behavior (between simulated and actual results) for the dark current reduction, background medium compensation, and weighted sum circuits at relevant operating points, respectively. System level results on SPR signals also demonstrate the usefulness of these circuits for system-on-chip style signal processing. The chip produces a single output that indicates the refractive index (and resulting analyte concentration) of an SPR probe, independent of fluctuations in the background medium.
Architecture and Protocol for User-Controlled Access Management in Web 2.0 Applications (2010)

The rapidly developing Web environment provides users with a wide set of rich services as varied and complex as desktop applications. Those services are collectively referred to as ``Web 2.0'', with examples such as Google Docs, Flickr, or Wordpress, that allow users to create, manage and share their content online. By switching from desktop applications to their cloud-based Web equivalents users release even more data online. It is the user who creates this data, who disseminates it and who shares it with other users and services. Storing and sharing resources on the Web poses new security challenges. Access control, in particular, is currently poorly addressed in such an environment and is not well suited to the increasing number of resources that are available online. We propose a new approach to access control for the Web. Our approach puts a user in full control of assigning access rights to their resources which may be spread across multiple cloud-based Web applications. Unlike existing authorization systems, it relies on a user's centrally located security requirements for these resources.
Optimal operational planning for PV-Wind-Diesel-battery microgrid (2015)

Global optimal solution to microgrid operational planning problem can be obtained by using a Modified Optimal Dispatch Strategy (MODS) which combines Load Following Dispatch Strategy (LFDS) and Cycle Charging Dispatch Strategy (CCDS). Most of the dispatching strategies formulated in microgrid operational planning problem may lead to solutions which are not necessarily global optimal. In this work, microgrid operational planning problem is formulated as Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model which includes MODS, LFDS and CCDS. The model includes all constraints for Diesel Generators (DGs), Storage Battery (SB) bank and reserve requirements. Contrary to the simulation-based approach found in many studies, we adopt mathematical optimization approach and implement the model in General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS). The model is applied to plan day-ahead operation of a small microgrid in South Sudan. Optimization is performed by using CPLEX 12 solver. MODS is found to give optimal operation plan which has minimum daily operation cost as compared to LFDS and CCDS. This model can be used to plan day-ahead operation of any hybrid PV-Wind-Diesel-Storage microgrid, enabling the operator to consider system reliability by specifying reserve requirements.
Design and Implementation of a New DVB-S2 Modem for SNG Application (2007)

[Abstr act] In this paper , we pr esent the per for mance of a new DVB-S2 modem for SNG application. Since the DVB-S2 specification adopts LDPC codes as er r or cor r ecting code, the new modem must wor k at much lower car r ier to noise r atio (CNR) than a DVB-S modem. To cope with such ver y low CNR oper ation, we pr opose a new demodulation scheme utilizing known data patter n such as header or pilot str uctur e. It is confir med by exper iment that bit er r or r atio (BER) per for mance of the pr oposed scheme is ver y close to theor etical value even under wide car r ier and clock fr equency deviation r ange. In case of 32APSK, in par ticular , the developed modem shows good BER per for mance within 1.5dB degr adation of theor etical value. I. Intr oduction
Chrominance Edge Preserving Grayscale Transformation with Approximate First Principal Component for Color Edge Detection (2007)

Edges that are visible in color images may not be detected in the corresponding grayscale image. This is due to the neighboring objects having different hues but the same intensities. Hence, a color edge preserving grayscale conversion algorithm is proposed that helps detect color edges using only the luminance component. The algorithm calculates an approximation to the first principal component to form a new set of luminance coefficients instead of using the conventional luminance coefficients. This method can be directly applied to all existing grayscale edge detectors for color edge detection. Processing only one channel instead of three channels results in lower computational complexity compared to other color edge detectors. Experimental results on test images show similar edge detection capabilities to typical color edge detectors at reduced complexity levels.
Patch tests versus use tests in skin irritation risk assessment (1998)

In the risk assessment of the ability of a substance or preparation to cause skin irritation, a patch test involving human volunteers is often seen as providing definitive information. However, the skin exposure conditions found in an occluded patch may be far removed from those in a particular use situation, not least for such reasons as the high dose per unit area, the duration of exposure and the maceration of the skin. Whilst these factors may enhance sensitivity in the identification of intrinsic hazard, they may do little to ensure accurate safety evaluation for real use. In this paper, we report data from a series of studies with an unmarketed facial skin cosmetic product. Whilst the product was unexpectedly highly irritating in a standard patch test in 30 volunteers, subsequent use tests, including a 6x daily open application to the elbow for 3 weeks and 2x daily application in a half-face test lasting 3 to 4 weeks and involving 52 volunteers failed to show any evidence of skin irritation. It is concluded that the most meaningful results for skin irritation risk assessment are likely to come from studies which involve relevant patterns of exposure.
Congestion control algorithms for the ABR service in ATM networks (2002)

The available bit rate (ABR) service has been introduced by the ATM Forum for the inexpensive support of applications with low requirements on throughput and delay. In this paper, we propose an implementation of the enhanced proportional rate control algorithm (EPRCA) that exploits the congestion information at the switch level and is able to improve the network performance in terms of stability and fairness. This modified algorithm adopts a fast congestion detection technique, and uses the explicit rate (ER) field in the resource management ATM cells. Numerical results show that the management of the ER information at each network switch is mandatory to provide high throughput, and fair and stable behavior of the ABR service in a wide area network scenario.