gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Titanium Is a Highly Thrombogenic Biomaterial: Possible Implications for Osteogenesis (1999)

Titanium has superior osteointegrating properties compared to other biomaterials. The mechanism for this is unknown. During the initial phase of bone implantation the biomaterial comes into direct contact with whole blood. In this study we use a newly developed in vitro chamber model to compare different commonly used biomaterials in contact with whole blood. These materials were selected with respect to their different osteointegrating properties in order to correlate these properties with the response to whole blood. In the presence of 3 IU/ml of heparin only titanium induced macroscopic clotting. This was reflected by the generation of thrombin-antithrombin which was much increased in blood in contact with titanium compared with steel and PVC. The coagulation activation caused by titanium was triggered by the intrinsic pathway because the generation of FXIIa-AT/C1 esterase inhibitor paralleled that of thrombin-antithrombin, and both thrombin-antithrombin complex and FXIIa-AT/C1 esterase inhibitor generation were abrogated by corn trypsin inhibitor, which is a specific inhibitor of FXIIa. The binding of platelets was increased on the titanium surface compared to the other biomaterial surfaces and the state of platelet activation was much more pronounced as reflected by the levels of beta-thromboglobulin and PDGF. This study indicates that titanium is unsuitable as a biomaterial in devices which are in direct contact with blood for a prolonged period. Furthermore, PDGF and other alpha-granule proteins e.g. TGF-beta, are known to be potent promotors of osteogenesis which suggests that the pronounced thrombogenic properties of titanium might contribute to the good osteointegrating properties.
Mouse Antibodies to the Insulin Receptor Developing Spontaneously As Anti-idiotypes (1984)

Mice immunized to bovine insulin were observed to develop anti-idiotypic antibodies which behaved in in vitro assays as antibodies to the insulin receptor. The studies described here were undertaken to investigate the effects of these antibodies in vivo on the physiology of glucose homeostasis and the state of insulin receptors. Mice developing anti-idiotypic receptor antibodies manifested abnormal fasting blood glucose concentrations: a period of hypoglycemia followed by a period of hyperglycemia. Moreover, the mice were deficient in their ability to respond to a glucose load. Changes in the number and activity of insulin receptors were associated with these physiological aberrations. In an insulin binding assay, adipocytes obtained from immunized mice had only 40% of the number of insulin receptors demonstrable on the adipocytes of control mice. The lipogenic response of the affected adipocytes was also relatively insensitive to insulin, and in addition, they manifested only 70% of the maximal response to high concentrations of insulin. Thus, development of anti-idiotypic receptor antibodies appeared to be associated with insulin resistance of adipocytes and abnormal glucose homeostasis.
Cardiac Motion of Coronary Arteries: Variability in the Rest Period and Implications for Coronary MR Angiography (1999)

The rest period for coronary arteries in the cardiac cycle varies substantially from patient to patient, which may cause quality to be inconsistent in current coronary MR angiography. A cardiac motion image prior to coronary data acquisition (preimage) may be used to estimate the optimal duration and timing in the cardiac cycle for coronary MR angiography.
The role of L-arginine in ameliorating reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia in the cat. (1992)

These results demonstrate the ability of L-arginine to reduce necrotic injury in a cat model of myocardial ischemia plus reperfusion, and this reduction in infarct size is associated with the preservation of endothelial function and attenuation of neutrophil accumulation in ischemic cardiac tissue.
Extracellular Disulfide Exchange and the Regulation of Cellular Function (2006)

An emerging concept is that disulfide bonds can act as a dynamic scaffold to present mature proteins in different conformational and functional states on the cell surface. Two examples are the conversion of the receptor, integrin alphaIIbbeta3, from a low affinity to a high affinity state, and the interaction of CD4 receptor with the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to promote virus-cell fusion. In both of these cases there is a remodeling of the protein disulfide bonding pattern. The formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds is modulated by a family of enzymes known as the thiol isomerases, which include protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERp5, ERp57, and ERp72. While these enzymes were reported originally to be restricted in location to the endoplasmic reticulum, in some cells thiol isomerases are found on the cell surface. This may indicate a wider role for these enzymes in cell function. In platelets it has been shown that reagents that react with cell surface sulfhydryl groups are capable of blocking a number of functional responses, including integrin-mediated aggregation, adhesion, and granule secretion. Furthermore, the use of function blocking antibodies to either PDI or ERp5 causes inhibition of these functional responses. This review summarizes current knowledge of the extracellular regulation of disulfide exchange and the implications of this in the regulation of cell function.
Microstructure of epitaxial lateral overgrown AlN on trench-patterned AlN template by high-temperature metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (2006)

A high-quality thick AlN layer without cracks was grown on sapphire by the combination of the high-temperature metal-organic vapor phase epitaxial growth and epitaxial lateral overgrowth methods. The dislocation behavior and growth mode of AlN are investigated in detail. The dislocation density of the AlN layer thus grown was less than 107cm−2.
Synthesis and electron microscopic analysis of the self‐assembly of polymer and ferritin core‐shell structures (2010)

Self-assembly of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and ferritin produced a spherical core-shell structure, which was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In particular, for better understanding, the organization of such core-shell nanostructures, an optimal protocol for preparation of TEM thin sectioning of ferritin-P4VP composites, was developed. It entails fixing the ferritin-P4VP complex with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and infiltrating it with a mixture of acetone/resin while omitting the OsO(4) postfixation and ethanol dehydration steps of the conventional protocol. Using this method, a round-shaped thin section structure with unevenly distributed dark and white components was observed. The dark component from the thin section structure was determined to contain ferritin by energy-filtered TEM imaging and iron element mapping, whereas the white part was identified as P4VP by its energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum.
UTILIZING STANDARD CMOS PROCESS FLOATING GATE DEVICES FOR ANALOG DESIGN (2001)

This thesis examines a floating gate device (FGD) structure available under
standard (digital) CMOS manufacturing processes and puts forth two applications for
these devices.
The first application is the creation of a tunable current mirror. Inclusion of the
FGD structure allows the legs of the mirror to be electronically tweaked to compensate
for mismatch. Experimental data is presented on this device structure?s performance.
The second application explores using the FGD structure as a tunable resistor.
Operation of the FGD in this manner creates the possibility of an electrically tunable
beta-multiplier current reference. This tunability allows theoretical adjustment of both
the generated reference current as well as a selectable temperature performance.
Experimental data of obtained resistor values is presented with simulation results of the
entire circuit.
Internally-matched GaN HEMT high efficiency power amplifier for Space Solar Power Stations (2010)

In this paper, an internally-matched GaN HEMT high efficiency amplifier for Space Solar Power Stations/System (SSPS) is presented. The internal matching circuit was designed so that 2nd and 3rd harmonics are tuned to obtain maximum power added efficiency (PAE). PAE of 70% was successfully obtained with 7W output power at 5.8GHz. All matching circuit is in a hermetically sealed package and no external matching component is necessary. It will enable to shrink volume and mass of modules loaded onto SSPS satellites.
Investigation of the intensity dependence of amplitude noise in electro-optic phase modulators (2013)

This thesis studied the source of instability in optical phase modulators used in high accuracy laser measurement systems. The nonlinear origin of the amplitude noise helped further reducing this instability in applications that rely on phase modulators to function. This outcome will have positive impacts on the development of new methods in the amplitude noise suppression.
Reactions of 2‐Triphenylphosphoimino‐1‐azaazulenes with Aryl Isocyanates and Aryl Isothiocyanates. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mass Spectrometry of Molecular Adsorbates Using Laser Desorption/Laser Multiphoton Ionization (1988)

Abstract Current and potential applications of a new mass spectrometric technique for the analysis of nonvolatile and thermally labile substances are reviewed. The method is compared to other approaches and its advantages are discussed.
Monodisperse polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel microsphere formation by oxygen-controlled photopolymerization in a microfluidic device (2016)

PEG-based hydrogels have become widely used as drug delivery and tissue scaffolding materials. Common among PEG hydrogel-forming polymers are photopolymerizable acrylates such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). Microfluidics and microfabrication technologies have recently enabled the miniaturization of PEGDA structures, thus enabling many possible applications for nano- and micro- structured hydrogels. The presence of oxygen, however, dramatically inhibits the photopolymerization of PEGDA, which in turn frustrates hydrogel formation in environments of persistently high oxygen concentration. Using PEGDA that has been emulsified in fluorocarbon oil via microfluidic flow focusing within polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices, we show that polymerization is completely inhibited below critical droplet diameters. By developing an integrated model incorporating reaction kinetics and oxygen diffusion, we demonstrate that the critical droplet diameter is largely determined by the oxygen transport rate, which is dictated by the oxygen saturation concentration of the continuous oil phase. To overcome this fundamental limitation, we present a nitrogen micro-jacketed microfluidic device to reduce oxygen within the droplet, enabling the continuous on-chip photopolymerization of microscale PEGDA particles.
Compartmentation of Intracellular Nucleotides In Mammalian Cell (1985)

The important role of nucleotides in cellular metabolism requires that serious consideration be given to the question of the homogeneity or inhomogeneity of nucleotide pools in cells. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing evidence for compartmentation of nucleotide pools, discuss the limitations of this evidence, and to discuss the implications of compartmentation for the interpretation of nucleotide concentration measurements. Evidence for nucleotide compartmentation comes from the following types of evidence: compartmentation of RNA precursors; compartmentation of deoxynucleoside triphosphates; mitochondrial compartmentation; the existence of tightly bound nucleotides; pools derived from alternative synthetic routes; compartmentation in cyclic nucleotide metabolism; channeling in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides; and others. The types of evidence adduced for compartmentation will be considered critically and in detail, and alternative explanations considered, as well. Implications of the data and hypotheses on nucleotide compartmentation for the interpretation of nucleotide pool measurements in various types of experiments will be discussed.
Urinary excretion of inflammatory mediators during allergen‐induced early and late phase asthmatic reactions (1998)

These results indicate that mast cell activation is a feature not only of the early but also the late asthmatic response. Finally, increased LTE4 supports the contribution of the leukotrienes to airway obstruction during both phases of the asthmatic response to allergen.
On the thermodynamic stability of bubbles, immiscible droplets, and cavities (2020)

Nanobubbles filled with air or a variety of pure gases are observed to persist in bulk water for weeks and months. Nanoemulsions consisting of oil droplets in water are also remarkably stable against coagulation, with lifetimes up to weeks even if not coated with surfactants. The inverse system of nanodroplets of water in oil is also accessible for study and application. Voids on the nanoscale are formed in simulations of water under strong tension and are stable during the time of the simulation. The stability of these nano-entities is ultimately determined by the molecular-level structure of their interfaces. However, a thermodynamic theory might also be capable of providing some insight. We therefore consider spherical gas nanobubbles, immiscible liquid nanodroplets, and nanocavities formed in water under negative pressure on the same footing, and give a unified thermodynamic analysis of these systems. In all cases, mechanical equilibrium (local free energy maximum or minimum) is expressed by the Laplace equation, and thermodynamic stability (local free energy minimum) follows from the radius dependence of surface tension. All of them would be unstable if their surface tensions were constant. Data from the literature allow construction of numerical examples for cavities and gas nanobubbles. Spectroscopic data are cited in support of an interfacial water structure in gas nanobubbles and water droplets in oil that differ from their flat surface counterparts. The observed longevity of nanobubbles in particular has been thought to violate fundamental principles of diffusion and solubility. A close look at the Laplace equation and its derivation shows why this widespread belief is incorrect.
Modeling from contour drawings (2009)

Occlusion contours are a natural feature to draw when tracing an object in an image or when drawing an object. We investigate the development of 3D models from multi-stroke contour drawings with the help of a 3D template model that serves as a shape prior. The template is aligned and then deformed by our method to match the drawn contours. At the heart of this process is the need to provide good correspondences between points on the contours and vertices on the model, which we pose as an optimisation problem using a hidden Markov model. An alternating correspond-and-deform process then progressively deforms the 3D template to match the image contours. We demonstrate the method on a wide range of examples.
Clinical Evaluation of Three Restorative Materials Applied in a Minimal Intervention Caries Treatment Approach (2003)

This study demonstrated that highly viscous glass ionomer cement applied in a minimal intervention approach provided high-quality preventive and restorative care after two years to a population at high risk for caries. The composite was employed in cavities exposed to lower stress, such as in the anterior teeth, and its behavior was comparable to that of the glass ionomer cement. The reinforced ZOE presented a high failure rate, thus contraindicating its use for such purpose.
Broadband circularly polarized microstrip array antenna with coplanar feed (1986)

Abstract Band broadening and optimization of a microstrip array antenna are investigated and a design method is presented for an S‐band satellite marine communication antenna. Validity of this design is confirmed by experiment. Bandwidth as large as 13% is achieved with a parasitic element in which the VSWR remains less than 1.5. The coplanar arrangement, in which the radiator and feed circuit are in the same plane, permits simple, low‐less structure. Based on these investigations a microstrip array antenna is fabricated for S‐band satellite marine communications which has a relative bandwidth greater than 8.5%, gain greater than 18.8 dBi, efficiency above 62%, sidelobe level below ‐22 dB and VSWR less than 1.5.
Antihypertensive Agents. I. Non-diuretic 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntihypertensive Agents. I. Non-diuretic 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine 1,1-DioxidesJohn G. Topliss, Margaret H. Sherlock, Hans Reimann, Leroy M. Konzelman, Elizabeth P. Shapiro, Berit W. Pettersen, Helen Schneider, and Nathan SperberCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 2, 122–127Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00338a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00338a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views420Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The bacterial protein YopJ abrogates multiple signal transduction pathways that converge on the transcription factor CREB (2000)

Bacterially encoded proteins are known to affect eukaryotic signalling pathways and thus cell growth and differentiation. The enteric pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YP) can translocate Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) into eukaryotic cells. Recently, MKK proteins have been identified as tentative targets of YopJ-mediated inhibition of ligand receptor-dependent signal transduction in mammalian cells. These results prompted us to assess whether multiple signal transduction pathways and their downstream target genes would also be subject to regulation by YopJ. Here, we show that YopJ effectively blocks the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, the interleukin (IL)-1beta receptor and the UVC-induced activation of the transcription receptor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). In addition, by abrogating the phosphorylation of CREB and thus activating protein (AP)-1-dependent transcription, YopJ can block LPS-induced clonal expansion that is associated with an adaptive immune response. Thus, YopJ interferes with multiple pathways converging on the transcription factor CREB. Our data are discussed in the context of YopJ acting as an antagonist to circumvent innate and adaptive immune responses at multiple levels.
Role of Solvation Dynamics and Local Ordering of Water in Inducing Conformational Transitions in Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) Oligomers through the LCST (2012)

Conformational transitions in thermo-sensitive polymers are critical in determining their functional properties. The atomistic origin of polymer collapse at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) remains a fundamental and challenging problem in polymer science. Here, molecular dynamics simulations are used to establish the role of solvation dynamics and local ordering of water in inducing conformational transitions in isotactic-rich poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) oligomers when the temperature is changed through the LCST. Simulated atomic trajectories are used to identify stable conformations of the water-molecule network in the vicinity of polymer segments, as a function of the polymer chain length. The dynamics of the conformational evolution of the polymer chain within its surrounding water molecules is evaluated using various structural and dynamical correlation functions. Around the polymer, water forms cage-like structures with hydrogen bonds. Such structures form at temperatures both below and above the LCST. The structures formed at temperatures above LCST, however, are significantly different from those formed below LCST. Short oligomers consisting of 3, 5, and 10 monomer units (3-, 5-, and 10-mer), are characterized by significantly higher hydration level (water per monomer ~ 16). Increasing the temperature from 278 to 310 K does not perturb the structure of water around the short oligomers. In the case of 3-, 5-, and 10-mer, a distinct coil-to-globule transition was not observed when the temperature was raised from 278 to 310 K. For a PNIPAM polymer chain consisting of 30 monomeric units (30-mer), however, there exist significantly different conformations corresponding to two distinct temperature regimes. Below LCST, the water molecules in the first hydration layer (~12) around hydrophilic groups arrange themselves in a specific ordered manner by forming a hydrogen-bonded network with the polymer, resulting in a solvated polymer acting as hydrophilic. Above LCST, this arrangement of water is no longer stable, and the hydrophobic interactions become dominant, which contributes to the collapse of the polymer. Thus, this study provides atomic-scale insights into the role of solvation dynamics in inducing coil-to-globule phase transitions through the LCST for thermo-sensitive polymers like PNIPAM.
Some Coumarins and Triphenylethene Derivatives as Inhibitors of Human Testes Microsomal 17β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (17β-HSD Type 3): Further Studies with Tamoxifen on the Rat Testes Microsomal Enzyme (2002)

The 7-hydroxycoumarins, umbelliferone and 4-methylumbelliferone (IC50 = 1.4 and 1.9 microM, respectively) were potent inhibitors of human testes microsomal 17beta-HSD (type 3) enzyme whereas 7-methoxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin and 7-ethoxycoumarin had little or no inhibitory activity. Analogues of the weak inhibitory triphenylethenes tamoxifen and clomiphene but lacking the basic substituent, were weak inhibitors of the human microsomal enzyme. Inhibitory activity was improved by replacement of the triphenylethene structure with a triphenylmethyl (17, 52.6% inhibition) or phenylpropyl (16, 94.8%, IC50 = 42.1 microM) skeleton. Further studies on tamoxifen using rat testes microsomal 17beta-HSD showed that the inhibition was time-dependent and irreversible but not specifically mechanism-based.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Novel Synthesis of Benzofuran and Related Compounds. (1986)

Abstract Die Vilsmeier‐Reaktion der Arylphenacyl‐ether (I) liefert in Abhängigkeit von den Substituenten Gemische der Formylierungsprodukte (II) mit den Benzofuranderivaten (III) und (IV).