gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of the<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>filamentous hemagglutinin with heparin (1991)

Heparin, a glycosaminoglycan synthesized in connective tissue-mast cells, appeared to inhibit the hemagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes induced by the filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a major adhesin of Bordetella pertussis. This inhibition suggested an interaction of heparin with the FHA region responsible for the hemagglutination activity. FHA-heparin interactions may play a role in bacterial attachment and persistence in the lungs during human pertussis. To confirm a direct FHA-heparin interaction, heparin was used as ligand in an affinity chromatography procedure. This technique allowed to purify FHA directly from the bacterial culture medium in a single-step using heparin-Sepharose CL-6B or Zetaffinity heparin 60 disks. The purified FHA was highly immunoreactive with anti-FHA monoclonal antibodies and showed no signs of degradation after 15 successive cycles of freezing-thawing. The described purification method is simple, and suitable for the rapid preparation of FHA.
CSF neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic protein in normal pressure hydrocephalus (1998)

We examined CSF levels of markers of neuronal degeneration and astrogliosis-the light subunit of the neurofilament triplet protein (NFL) and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-in 65 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). NFL was increased sixfold (864 +/- 1,538 [mean +/- SD] versus 156 +/- 81 ng/L; p < or = 0.001) and GFAP twofold (1,116 +/- 1,085 versus 637 +/- 295 ng/L; p < or = 0.01) in NPH patients compared with neurologically healthy age-matched controls. No correlation was found between any particular symptom or sign and GFAP levels in CSF. The levels of NFL, on the other hand, were higher in patients with severe symptoms compared with those with moderate or no symptoms. Furthermore, there was a correlation between a high level of NFL and gait disturbance, incontinence, psychometric incapability, and social dysfunction. A high preoperative NFL level was associated with favorable outcome after shunt surgery. This indicates that NFL is a marker of ongoing and possibly still-reversible axonal damage in NPH.
Easter Island's Embellished Stones (2002)

Small stones from Easter Island with incised or pecked designs have been mentioned in many books and reports over the years. Ethnographic sources speculate on how they might have been used in ancient times, and most of these discuss them in the context of amulets or as fertility stones for chickens. The earliest descriptions are from Alexander (Tati) Salmon, the Tahitian who served as an informant for Lieutenant-Captain Wilhelm Geiseler and William J. Thompson, both of whom came to the island in the late 1800s.
Security considerations in the system development life cycle (2008)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure.ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology.ITL's responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical, and physical
PALAEOLIMNOLOGY IN NEW ZEALAND (1992)

The study of lakes has attracted many scientists over the years and those who specialise in attempting to understand the complex workings of the entire lake ecosystem are now known as limnologists (Wetzel 1983). Most of them deal specifically with what is happening in lakes today, but in recent years some have begun to appreciate that the present character of the lakes they study is the result of a Jong history. It is now realised that to fully understand the functioning of lakes and how to manage them for the future we have to understand their past.
Regulation of Glycoprotein Ib-IX-von Willebrand Factor Interaction by cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase-mediated Phosphorylation at Ser 166 of Glycoprotein Ibβ (2002)

The platelet receptor for von Willebrand factor (VWF), glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX, mediates initial platelet adhesion and activation. It is known that the cytoplasmic domain of GPIbbeta is phosphorylated at Ser(166) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). To understand the physiological role of GPIbbeta phosphorylation, a GPIb-IX mutant replacing Ser(166) of GPIbbeta with alanine (S166A) and a deletion mutant lacking residues 166-181 of GPIbbeta (Delta165) were constructed. These mutants, expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, showed an enhanced VWF-binding function compared with wild type GPIb-IX. Treatment of CHO cells expressing wild type GPIb-IX with a PKA inhibitor, PKI, reduced Ser(166) phosphorylation and also enhanced VWF binding to GPIb-IX. Furthermore, cells expressing S166A or Delta165 mutants showed a significantly enhanced adhesion to immobilized VWF under flow conditions. Consistent with the studies in CHO cells, treatment of platelets with PKI enhanced VWF binding to platelets. In contrast, a PKA stimulator, forskolin, reduced VWF binding and VWF-induced platelet agglutination, which was reversed by PKI. Thus, PKA-mediated phosphorylation of GPIbbeta at Ser(166) negatively regulates VWF binding to GPIb-IX and is one of the mechanisms by which PKA mediates platelet inhibition.
The VOYAGER speech understanding system: preliminary development and evaluation (2002)

Early experience with the development of the MIT VOYAGER spoken language system is described, and its current performance is documented. The three components of VOYAGER, the speech recognition component, the natural language component, and the application back-end, are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of small scale cell culture models for screening poloxamer 188 lot‐to‐lot variation (2014)

Shear protectants such as poloxamer 188 play a critical role in protecting cells during cell culture bioprocessing. Lot-to-lot variation of poloxamer 188 was experienced during a routine technology transfer across sites of similar scale and equipment. Cell culture medium containing a specific poloxamer 188 lot resulted in an unusual drop in cell growth, viability, and titer during manufacturing runs. After switching poloxamer lots, culture performance returned to the expected level. In order to control the quality of poloxamer 188 and thus maintain better consistency in manufacturing, multiple small scale screening models were developed. Initially, a 5L bioreactor model was established to evaluate cell damage by high sparge rates with different poloxamer 188 lots. Subsequently, a more robust, simple, and efficient baffled shake flask model was developed. The baffled shake flask model can be performed in a high throughput manner to investigate the cell damage in a bubbling environment. The main cause of the poor performance was the loss of protection, rather than toxicity. It was also suggested that suspicious lots can be identified using different cell line and media. The screening methods provide easy, yet remarkable models for understanding and controlling cell damage due to raw material lot variation as well as studying the interaction between poloxamer 188 and cells.
WarningBird: A Near Real-Time Detection System for Suspicious URLs in Twitter Stream (2013)

Twitter is prone to malicious tweets containing URLs for spar, phishing, and malware distribution. Conventional Twitter spar detection schemes utilize account features such as the ratio of tweets containing URLs and the account creation date, or relation features in the Twitter graph. These detection schemes are ineffective against feature fabrications or consume much time and resources. Conventional suspicious URL detection schemes utilize several features including lexical features of URLs, URL redirection, HTIUIL content, and dynamic behavior. However, evading techniques such as time-based evasion and crawler evasion exist. in this paper, we propose WARNINGBIRD, a suspicious URL detection system for Twitter. Our system investigates correlations of URL redirect chains extracted from several tweets. Because attackers have limited resources and usually reuse them, their URL redirect chains frequently share the same URLs. We develop methods to discover correlated URL redirect chains using the frequently shared URLs and to determine their suspiciousness. We collect numerous tweets from the Twitter public timeline and build a statistical classifier using them. Evaluation results show that our classifier accurately and efficiently detects suspicious URLs. We also present WARNINGBIRD as a near real-time system for classifying suspicious URLs in the Twitter stream.
Toward Multimodal Image-to-Image Translation (2017)

Many image-to-image translation problems are ambiguous, as a single input image may correspond to multiple possible outputs. In this work, we aim to model a distribution of possible outputs in a conditional generative modeling setting. The ambiguity of the mapping is distilled in a low-dimensional latent vector, which can be randomly sampled at test time. A generator learns to map the given input, combined with this latent code, to the output. We explicitly encourage the connection between output and the latent code to be invertible. This helps prevent a many-to-one mapping from the latent code to the output during training, also known as the problem of mode collapse, and produces more diverse results. We explore several variants of this approach by employing different training objectives, network architectures, and methods of injecting the latent code. Our proposed method encourages bijective consistency between the latent encoding and output modes. We present a systematic comparison of our method and other variants on both perceptual realism and diversity.
On Psychoacoustically Weighted Cost Functions Towards Resource-Efficient Deep Neural Networks for Speech Denoising (2018)

We present a psychoacoustically enhanced cost function to balance network complexity and perceptual performance of deep neural networks for speech denoising. While training the network, we utilize perceptual weights added to the ordinary mean-squared error to emphasize contribution from frequency bins which are most audible while ignoring error from inaudible bins. To generate the weights, we employ psychoacoustic models to compute the global masking threshold from the clean speech spectra. We then evaluate the speech denoising performance of our perceptually guided neural network by using both objective and perceptual sound quality metrics, testing on various network structures ranging from shallow and narrow ones to deep and wide ones. The experimental results showcase our method as a valid approach for infusing perceptual significance to deep neural network operations. In particular, the more perceptually sensible enhancement in performance seen by simple neural network topologies proves that the proposed method can lead to resource-efficient speech denoising implementations in small devices without degrading the perceived signal fidelity.
Pick and place robot using the centre of gravity value of the moving object (2017)

Pick and place is one of the typical application for which industrial robots are used. There are various methods in which this action can be performed. The important part of this pick and place operation include teaching the robot about the specific object to be picked. This process can be done in different ways such as using sensors and another method involve image processing to differentiate the actual object to be picked from the surrounding. This paper mainly concentrates on the method of differentiating the object from it surrounding using image processing and picked through its centre of gravity.
Nucleophilic annulations of aromatics. Novel route to benzo-fused ring systems via oxazoline activation (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleophilic annulations of aromatics. Novel route to benzo-fused ring systems via oxazoline activationA. I. Meyers, Michael Reuman, and Richard A. GabelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 4, 783–788Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00317a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00317a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views881Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of Transcription by Hypoxia Requires a Multiprotein Complex That Includes Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, an Adjacent Transcription Factor, and p300/CREB Binding Protein (1998)

Molecular adaptation to hypoxia depends on the binding of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) to cognate response elements in oxygen-regulated genes. In addition, adjacent sequences are required for hypoxia-inducible transcription. To investigate the mechanism of interaction between these cis-acting sequences, the multiprotein complex binding to the lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) promoter was characterized. The involvement of HIF-1, CREB-1/ATF-1, and p300/CREB binding protein (CBP) was demonstrated by techniques documenting in vitro binding, in combination with transient transfections that test the in vivo functional importance of each protein. In both the LDH-A promoter and the erythropoietin 3' enhancer, formation of multiprotein complexes was analyzed by using biotinylated probes encompassing functionally critical cis-acting sequences. Strong binding of p300/CBP required interactions with multiple DNA binding proteins. Thus, the necessity of transcription factor binding sites adjacent to a HIF-1 site for hypoxically inducible transcription may be due to the requirement of p300 to interact with multiple transcription factors for high-affinity binding and activation of transcription. Since it has been found to interact with a wide range of transcription factors, p300 is likely to play a similar role in other genes, mediating interactions between DNA binding proteins, thereby activating stimulus-specific and tissue-specific gene transcription.
612. Reactions of some arenesulphonyl chlorides (1960)

W. V. Farrar, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 3063 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600003063
High-frequency surface acoustic wave devices based on LiNbO3∕diamond multilayered structure (2005)

This research is focused on the development of a new technology for the fabrication of high-frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters based on diamond and lithium niobate (LiNbO3) materials. LiNbO3 films are in situ deposited at 490 °C on polycrystalline diamond substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering; a multistep growth process is proposed to deposit oriented LiNbO3 films with a smooth surface. Conventional interdigital transducers are fabricated on top of the piezoelectric LiNbO3 layer by standard optical lithography. We report experimental results for a SAW bandpass filter operating at a frequency above 2.30 GHz. We have observed that Rayleigh SAW modes are excited within this structure, with extremely high phase velocities (up to 12000m∕s). This latter result illustrates the greatest advantage of using diamond as an acoustic substrate. It allows the fabrication of SAW devices operating in the gigahertz frequency range using standard optical lithography.
Impact of Draft National Education Policy by the Government of India in the subject Psychology and counselling (2019)

Draft of National Educational Policy- 2019 was submitted to Mr. Prakash Jawedekar, minister of Human Resource Development, Government of India on December 15, 2018. This draft lays the foundation of how various subjects may grow in the upcoming future. The present draft has specifically described the roles and professional expectations from a ‘counsellor’. This article is expected to help psychology students, academicians and other academic policy makers to understand the government’s expectations from the psychologist who are expected to work in educational institutions.
Cyclosporine in psoriasis treatment. Inhibition of keratinocyte cell-cycle progression in G1 independent of effects on transforming growth factor alpha/epidermal growth factor receptor pathways (1991)

Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressive drug, is effective in the treatment of recalcitrant psoriasis. Previous work suggested that keratinocyte hyperproliferation and inflammation are linked in psoriasis and that immune mechanisms participate in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha may be an important regulatory factor of epidermal growth as overproduction of TGF-alpha is associated with epidermal hyperplasia in psoriatic plaques and epidermal growth factor receptors are overexpressed in psoriatic epithelium. In this study, the effects of cyclosporine on cultured human keratinocytes were examined. Cyclosporine specifically inhibited keratinocyte cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase without causing keratinocytes to terminally differentiate. Cyclosporine did not decrease the expression of TGF-alpha or epidermal growth factor receptors. These results suggest that the effects of cyclosporine on psoriatic skin are unrelated to direct effects on autocrine growth regulation of keratinocytes via TGF-alpha production or of epidermal growth factor receptor modulation.
Nonlinear Optical Metasurfaces. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Merchandise trade deflators for developing countries (1986)

The present paper describes some preliminary work done in the Economic Analysis and Projections Department of the World Bank to construct a set of international trade deflators for a large number of developing countries. A Paasche-type price index is calculated for each of 90 individual developing countries, disaggregated into three major commodity categories: manufactures, non-fuel primaries, and fuels. The index for non-fuel primaries was further disaggregated into three groups: food, non-food agriculture, and metals and minerals, and fixed weight price indices calculated for each of these groups for the same number of countries. Corresponding volume indices have been obtained by deflating the expenditure ratios by the price indices described above.
Identification and Functional Characterization of the <i>Lactococcus lactis rfb</i> Operon, Required for dTDP-Rhamnose Biosynthesis (2004)

dTDP-rhamnose is an important precursor of cell wall polysaccharides and rhamnose-containing exopolysaccharides (EPS) in Lactococcus lactis. We cloned the rfbACBD operon from L. lactis MG1363, which comprises four genes involved in dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the lactococcal rfbACBD genes could sustain heterologous production of the Shigella flexneri O antigen, providing evidence of their functionality. Overproduction of the RfbAC proteins in L. lactis resulted in doubled dTDP-rhamnose levels, indicating that the endogenous RfbAC activities control the intracellular dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis rate. However, RfbAC overproduction did not affect rhamnose-containing B40-EPS production levels. A nisin-controlled conditional RfbBD mutant was unable to grow in media lacking the inducer nisin, indicating that the rfb genes have an essential role in L. lactis. Limitation of RfbBD activities resulted in the production of altered EPS. The monomeric sugar of the altered EPS consisted of glucose, galactose, and rhamnose at a molar ratio of 1:0.3:0.2, which is clearly different from the ratio in the native sugar. Biophysical analysis revealed a fourfold-greater molecular mass and a twofold-smaller radius of gyration for the altered EPS, indicating that these EPS are more flexible polymers with changed viscosifying properties. This is the first indication that enzyme activity at the level of central carbohydrate metabolism affects EPS composition.
Intrinsic Pinning of Vortices as a Direct Probe of the Nonuniform Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell State in Layered Superconductors (2003)

Previously the search for the modulated superconducting Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell (LOFF) state was performed by means of measurements which do not give direct information on spatial modulation of the superconducting state. We propose to measure interlayer conductivity in Josephson-coupled layered superconductors as a function of the strength and the orientation of the parallel magnetic field. We show that interlayer critical current and the conductivity have peaks when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the in-plane wave vector of the LOFF state and when the period of the Josephson vortex lattice induced by the magnetic field is commensurate with the LOFF period.
Circuit techniques for CMOS low-power high-performance multipliers (1996)

In this paper we present circuit techniques for CMOS low-power high-performance multiplier design. Novel full adder circuits were simulated and fabricated using 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS (in BiCMOS) technology. The complementary pass-transistor logic-transmission gate (CPL-TG) full adder implementation provided an energy savings of 50% compared to the conventional CMOS full adder. CPL implementation of the Booth encoder provided 30% power savings at 15% speed improvement compared to the static CMOS implementation. Although the circuits were optimized for (16/spl times/16)-b multiplier using the Booth algorithm, a (6/spl times/6)-b implementation was used as a test vehicle in order to reduce simulation time. For the (6/spl times/6)-b case, implementation based on CPL-TG resulted in 18% power savings and 30% speed improvement over conventional CMOS.
Fractography, Mechanical Properties, and Microstructure of Commercial Silicon Nitride–Titanium Nitride Composites (2005)

Commercial‐grade Si 3 N 4 –TiN composites with 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt% TiN content have been characterized. Submicrometer grain‐size Si 3 N 4 was reinforced with fine TiN grains. Density, Young's modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, and fracture toughness increased linearly with TiN content. Increased strength was observed in the Si 3 N 4 +20 wt% TiN, and Si 3 N 4 +30 wt% TiN composites. Fractography was used to characterize the different types of fracture origins. Improvements in toughness and strength are due to residual stresses in the Si 3 N 4 matrix and the TiN particles. A threefold improvement in dry wear resistance of the Si 3 N 4 +30 wt% TiN composite over the Si 3 N 4 matrix was observed.
Development of a digital X-ray imaging detector (2002)

A fast high-resolution hybrid silicon pixel detector is being designed at Uppsala University as a part of on digital X-ray imaging (DIXI) project. The pixel size is 250/spl times/250 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and the first design aims at an overall area of 128/spl times/128 mm/sup 2/ with a total of 262k pixels. The readout electronics will be connected to the sensor array via bump bonding. Each pixel contains implemented logic for preprocessing and registration. A prototype 0.5 mm thick Si sensor with 16/spl times/8 pixels is processed, a 1 mm version has been ordered, and a readout chip with 8/spl times/8 pixels is in production.