gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Inflammation by Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 through a JNK-Mediated Pathway (2005)

The neutrophil is of undoubted importance in lung inflammation after exposure to LPS. We have shown recently that systemic inhibition of JNK decreased neutrophil recruitment to the lung after exposure to LPS, although the mechanisms underlying this inhibition are incompletely understood. As plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) accentuates cell migration, with JNK activation recently shown to up-regulate PAI-1 expression, this suggested that systemic JNK inhibition may down-regulate LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophil recruitment through a decrease in PAI-1 expression. We show in this study that exposure of mice to aerosolized LPS increased PAI-1 expression in the lung and alveolar compartment, which was decreased by pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Exogenous, intratracheally administered PAI-1 prevented the inhibition of pulmonary neutrophil recruitment in the setting of systemic JNK inhibition, thereby suggesting a role for PAI-1 in the JNK-mediated pathway regulating LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment. In addition, PAI-1(-/-) mice had a decrease in neutrophil recruitment to the alveolar compartment after exposure to LPS, compared with wild-type controls, further suggesting a role for PAI-1 in LPS-induced lung inflammation. An increase in the intravascular level of KC is a likely mechanism for the inhibition of pulmonary neutrophil recruitment after LPS exposure in the setting of decreased PAI-1 expression, as systemic KC levels after exposure to LPS were increased in PAI-1-deficient mice and in mice pretreated with SP600125, with augmentation of intravascular KC levels inhibiting neutrophil recruitment to the lung after exposure to LPS.
THE ANTICOAGULANT ACTION OF POLYBRENE (1965)

The anticoagulant action of the heparin antagonist Polybrene has been studied in vitro. Polybrene was found to interfere with the formation of intrinsic blood thromboplastin. On examination of the steps in the formation of thromboplastin, there was no interference with the production of the intermediate, product I. As this intermediate product is formed by the interaction of aluminium hydroxide adsorbed plasma, serum, and calcium, Polybrene does not appear to interfere with the interaction of factors VIII, IX, XI, or XII. It was noted, however, that the further reactions of product I with phospholipid were inhibited by this agent. It is suggested that the anticoagulant action of Polybrene is exerted at this point and is dependent on its capacity to neutralize the surface charge of the phospholipid particles.
Use of antipsychotic medicationin chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (2003)

Nausea and vomiting continue to present significant problems for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Initial work suggested an important role for central dopamine transmission in the underlying pathophysiology. However, recent evidence has implicated central and peripheral serotonin release. Although the implementation of 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists has resulted in significant improvement in acute symptoms of nausea and vomiting, they have not demonstrated optimal efficacy in anticipatory and delayed emetic syndromes and are significantly more expensive than other antiemetic therapies. The use of typical antipsychotic medication to reduce nausea and vomiting in cancer patients is discussed, as is the potential efficacy of newer atypical antipsychotics, which have activity at receptors implicated in the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and demonstrate an improved side-effect profile.
Effects of exogenous relaxin on oxytocin and vasopressin release and the intramammary pressure response to central hyperosmotic challenge (1994)

Experiments were done to study the effects of porcine relaxin on osmotically evoked changes in intramammary pressure and the release of oxytocin and vasopressin in anaesthetized rats. Injections (1 microliter) of hypertonic (0.75 M) NaCl into the left lateral cerebral ventricle were used to induce consistent rises in intramammary pressure and the release of oxytocin and vasopressin. Plasma hormone concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. Relaxin (5 micrograms i.v.) significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed the intramammary pressure response to osmotic challenge 5 and 10 min after treatment. However, pretreatment with a specific vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist completely negated the effect of relaxin on intramammary pressure. Baseline levels of oxytocin and vasopressin in unstimulated rats were 41 +/- 1.6 and 36 +/- 1.1 pmol/l respectively. Osmotic challenge induced significant (P < 0.05) rises in plasma levels of both hormones (62.8 +/- 1.1 and 67.9 +/- 1.2 pmol/l respectively) which were further augmented by relaxin (81.3 +/- 1.8 and 117.1 +/- 2.4 pmol/l respectively; P < 0.05). The data confirm that central osmotic challenge provokes the release of oxytocin and vasopressin but the effects of oxytocin at the level of the mammary gland may be obscured by the action of vasopressin affecting blood flow to the gland.
Vitamin D and Diabetic Complications: True or False Prophet? (2016)

Vitamin D deficiency is now recognized as a condition of increasing prevalence worldwide. Vitamin D has an established role in calcium and bone metabolism; however, more recently associations with vitamin D deficiency and risk of developing diabetes, diabetes complications, and cardiovascular disease have all been acknowledged. The vitamin D receptor is ubiquitously expressed, and experimental, in vitro, and in vivo studies strongly suggest a role in regulating the transcription of multiple genes beyond calcium homeostasis. These include antiproliferative, immunomodulatory, angiogenic, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and neurotrophic factor expression. Observational studies report a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders; however, there remains a paucity of large long-term randomized clinical trials showing a benefit with treatment. An increasing body of literature suggests a possible pathogenetic role of vitamin D in the long-term complications of diabetes and vitamin D deficiency may also exacerbate symptoms of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. It remains unknown if supplementation of vitamin D to normal or non-deficient levels alters pathogenetic processes related to diabetic microvascular complications. With the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with diabetes and putative mechanisms linking vitamin D deficiency to diabetic complications, there is a compelling argument for undertaking large well-designed randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation.
Electron Transport and Electrochemistry of Mesomorphic Fullerenes with Long-Range Ordered Lamellae (2008)

Fullerenes, C60, modified with long alkyl chains form long-range ordered lamellar mesophases permitting a high C60 content. The mesomorphic fullerenes feature reversible electrochemistry and a comparably high electron carrier mobility making them attractive components for fullerene-based soft materials.
The safety value of driver education an training (2002)

Education/training programs might prove to be effective in reducing collisions if they are more empirically based, addressing critical age and experience related factors. At the same time, more research into the behaviors and crash experiences of novice drivers is needed to refine our understanding of the problem.
A methodology for the design of data dictionaries (1990)

The data dictionary of an organization is the integrated repository of all types of data produced, managed, exchanged, and maintained in the organization, represented in such a way as to allow all users of the information system to understand their meaning. Since the way in which data are represented is usually dependent on the application domain, that is, the DBMS used, the role of the responsible organization unit, that is, designing and maintaining a dictionary, is a challenging task. A methodology is discussed for data dictionary design; several structuring mechanisms are proposed for use in the representation of data in the dictionary. A strategy is provided to produce the dictionary according to such mechanisms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction of geometrically complex structures with nanoscale resolution (2002)

A technique to reconstruct high resolution three-dimensional structural images and chemical maps of geometrically complex features is presented. A focused ion beam microscope is used to collect secondary electron images and secondary ion mass spectroscopy elemental maps as a function of depth in the sample. These images and elemental maps are then used to reconstruct volume images and chemical maps using shape-based interpolative methods with 25 nm lateral resolution and approximately 10 nm depth resolution. From these reconstructions, fundamental parameters such as connectivity, the volume fraction, and surface areas of features of interest can be calculated directly. These techniques open broad new opportunities for understanding three-dimensional structural and chemical relationships in materials research.
Information transport in spatiotemporal systems (1988)

Spatiotemporal chaos can be produced by complicated local dynamics in a small spatial region and observed globally through a process we call information transport. Information transport can be detected by computation of an information-theoretic quantity, the time-delayed mutual information, between measurements of the system at separate spatial points.
Data set preprocessing and transformation in a database system (2011)

In general, there is a significant amount of data mining analysis performed outside a database system, which creates many data management issues. This article presents a summary of our experience and recommendations to compute data set preprocessing
Urinary tract infection (2007)

Reading a learning zone article improved Rebecca Maggs’s working knowledge of urinary tract infection
Neuro-computing applications in security of network information systems (1999)

Currently computing information systems have entered a new stage and the security of systems is more and more serious, and the research on system security is developing in depth. This paper discusses neuro-computing applications in security of network information systems.
Protegen: a web-based protective antigen database and analysis system (2010)

Protective antigens are specifically targeted by the acquired immune response of the host and are able to induce protection in the host against infectious and non-infectious diseases. Protective antigens play important roles in vaccine development, as biological markers for disease diagnosis, and for analysis of fundamental host immunity against diseases. Protegen is a web-based central database and analysis system that curates, stores and analyzes protective antigens. Basic antigen information and experimental evidence are curated from peer-reviewed articles. More detailed gene/protein information (e.g. DNA and protein sequences, and COG classification) are automatically extracted from existing databases using internally developed scripts. Bioinformatics programs are also applied to compute different antigen features, such as protein weight and pI, and subcellular localizations of bacterial proteins. Presently, 590 protective antigens have been curated against over 100 infectious diseases caused by pathogens and non-infectious diseases (including cancers and allergies). A user-friendly web query and visualization interface is developed for interactive protective antigen search. A customized BLAST sequence similarity search is also developed for analysis of new sequences provided by the users. To support data exchange, the information of protective antigens is stored in the Vaccine Ontology (VO) in OWL format and can also be exported to FASTA and Excel files. Protegen is publically available at http://www.violinet.org/protegen.
Histopathological study on the effect of octreotide. (1995)

The present investigation was performed to clarify the mechanism of action of octreotide. On a quantitative study by electron microscopy showed that lysosomes were markedly increased in the patients receiving octreotide. Growth hormone (GH) was shown to be in the secretory granules by the postembedding immunogold technique, but no GH immunostaining was noted of the lysosomes. The present investigation suggests that retention of secretory granules and subsequent lysosomal increase are the mechanism of GH-lowering effect of octreotide.
Multibranched Gold Nanoparticles with Intrinsic LAT-1 Targeting Capabilities for Selective Photothermal Therapy of Breast Cancer (2017)

Because of the critical role of the large neutral amino acid transporter-1 (LAT-1) in promoting tumor growth and proliferation, it is fast emerging as a highly attractive biomarker for the imaging and treatment of human malignancies, including breast cancer. While multibranched gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as a promising modality in the photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancers, some of the key challenges limiting their clinical translation lie in the need to develop reproducible and cost-effective synthetic methods as well as the selective accumulation of sufficient AuNPs at tumor sites. In this study, we report a simple and direct seed-mediated synthesis of monodispersed multibranched AuNPs using the catechol-containing LAT-1 ligands, L- and D-dopa, to confer active cancer targeting. This route obviates the need for additional conjugation with targeting moieties such as peptides or antibodies. Nanoflower-like AuNPs (AuNF) with diameters of approximately 46, 70, and 90 nm were obtained and were found to possess excellent colloidal stability and biocompatibility. A significantly higher intracellular accumulation of the L- and D-dopa functionalized AuNFs was observed in a panel of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-453) when compared to the nontargeting control AuNFs synthesized with dopamine and 4-ethylcatechol. Importantly, no significant difference in uptake between the targeting and nontargeting AuNFs was observed in a non-tumorigenic MCF-10A breast epithelial cell line, hence demonstrating tumor selectivity. For PTT of breast cancer, Ag<sup>+</sup> was introduced during synthesis to obtain L-dopa functionalized nanourchin-like AuNPs (AuNUs) with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance. The L-dopa functionalized AuNUs mediated selective photothermal ablation of the triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and sensitized the cells to the anticancer drugs cisplatin and docetaxel. This work brings forward an effective strategy for the facile preparation of cancer targeting multibranched AuNPs with potential for the in vivo PTT of breast cancer.
Optical Profile Transducer (1979)

A noncontacting optical transducer, which measures the profile of machined surfaces, was constructed and tested. The profile transducer consists of a microscope objective, a point-source illuminator, and two photodetectors. The dynamic range of the instrument is typically 500 microinches with an accuracy of better than 10 microinches. The output of this transducer is a profile signal along a line on the surface under examination. The profile of a machined surface obtained by the optical-transducer correlates very well with that obtained by a mechanical Proficorder which uses a diamond stylus. Principles of operation, results of various performance tests, and potential applications of the optical-transducer are discussed.
Infrapatellar contracture syndrome (1987)

Infrapatellar Contracture Syndrome (IPCS) is an infrequently recognized cause of posttraumatic knee morbidity. Unique to this group of patients is the combination of restricted knee extension and flexion associated with patella entrapment. IPCS can occur primarily as an exaggerated pathologic fibrous hyperplasia of the anterior soft tissues of the knee beyond that associated with normal healing. It can also occur secondarily to prolonged immobility and lack of extension associated with knee surgery, particularly intraarticular ACL reconstruction. IPCS follows a predictable natural history which is divided into three stages. Symptoms, diagnostic findings, and recommended treatment are determined by the stage at presentation. Once beyond its early presentation, IPCS is best treated by an anterior intraarticular and extraarticular capsular debridement and release, followed by extensive rehabilitation. The authors review 28 consecutive cases of IPCS. At followup 3 months to 4 years postoperation, the patients had averaged 2.3 additional surgical procedures following their index procedure or injury. The average increase in extension at followup was 12 degrees with the average increase flexion 35 degrees. Eighty percent of patients demonstrated signs and symptoms consistent with patellofemoral arthrosis; 16% of the patients demonstrated patella infera. The authors conclude that prevention or early detection and aggressive treatment are the only ways of avoiding complication in these problem cases.
Fast Variable Block-Size Motion Estimation by Merging Refined Motion Vector for H.264 (2006)

This paper proposes a fast motion estimation algorithm for variable block-sizes by utilizing motion vector bottom-up procedure for H.264. The refined motion vectors of adjacent small blocks are merged to predict the motion vectors of larger blocks for reducing the computation. Experimental results show that our proposed method has lower computational complexity than full search, fast full search and fast motion estimation of the H.264 reference software JM93 with slight quality decrease and little bit-rate increase.
MUTAN: Multimodal Tucker Fusion for Visual Question Answering (2017)

Bilinear models provide an appealing framework for mixing and merging information in Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks. They help to learn high level associations between question meaning and visual concepts in the image, but they suffer from huge dimensionality issues. We introduce MUTAN, a multimodal tensor-based Tucker decomposition to efficiently parametrize bilinear interactions between visual and textual representations. Additionally to the Tucker framework, we design a low-rank matrix-based decomposition to explicitly constrain the interaction rank. With MUTAN, we control the complexity of the merging scheme while keeping nice interpretable fusion relations. We show how the Tucker decomposition framework generalizes some of the latest VQA architectures, providing state-of-the-art results.
IDC: An Energy Efficient Communication Scheme for Connected Mobile Platforms (2009)

Mobile platforms (e.g. laptops) offer ubiquitous network connectivity through its wireless communication interfaces, with most of usage models driven by always-on communication activities. However this in turn creates significant power challenges as the battery life is a critical resource for all mobile platforms. While the communication device itself consumes a relatively small portion of the total power, the impact of communication on the overall platform power is significant, due to the non-deterministic nature of the network traffic, which tends to keep the platform busy more than necessary. In this paper, we extensively investigate characteristics of various real- world network-centric workloads, e.g., VoIP, web browsing, etc., and their impact on the mobile platform in terms of power consumption and energy. Based on the understandings, we propose, implement and evaluate an Interrupt /DMA (Direct Memory Access) Coalescing (IDC) scheme at the wireless network interface card (NIC). This scheme effectively reduces platform wakeups due to incoming network traffic, Another advantage of the scheme is that it requires only NIC modification at the receiving node, and is transparent to the user and the network. Using a commercial NIC with a laptop testing platform, we evaluate the power savings and performance impact of our proposed scheme. The measurements show that our scheme achieves significant platform power saving, around 25% of platform components, without impacting user experience.
Effects of Yucca Saponin and Konjak Flour on Lipid Metabolism of Rats Fed a High-fat Plus High-cholesterol Diet. (1998)

9週齢の Wistar 系雄ラットにユッカサポニンを投与し, 脂質代謝に及ぼす影響について, コレステロール吸収抑制効果の知られている大豆サポニンおよび食物繊維のコンニャク精粉と比較し, さらにユッカサポニンとコンニャク精粉の同時投与の効果もしらべた。結果は以下のとおりである。ラットを対照群, ユッカサポニン群, 大豆サポニン群コンニャク精粉群およびユッカサポニン・コンニャク精粉群の5群に分け, 4週間コレステロール添加の高脂肪食で飼育し, 後半の2週間に試験食を投与した。対照群に比べて飼料摂取量は, 各群とも差がなかったが, コンニャク精粉群とユッカサポニン・コンニャク精粉群は腹腔脂肪率が減少した。ユッカサポニン群とユッカサポニン・コンニャク精粉群は糞中コレステロール排泄率が増加し, 血清および肝臓 Chol が低下した。大豆サポニンとコンニャク精粉群は糞中コレステロール排泄率の増加は認められなかったが, 大豆サポニン群は血清T-chol が低下した。肝臓のTL, Chol およびTGはユッカサポニン群で減少し, ユッカサポニン・コンニャク精粉群でさらに減少した。
Effect of Lipid Oxidation on Oil and Food Quality in Deep Frying (1992)

Deep frying is a popular method for food preparation, especially in fast food restaurants. However, lipid oxidation easily occurs at relatively high temperatures in the presence of air and produces a multiplicity of compounds and exerts both desirable and undesirable effects on food flavor and quality. A low level of oxidation actually improves the desirability of a food but higher levels decrease food quality. The presence of low molecular weight materials such as aldehydes, lactones and pyrazines influence the flavor of deep fried foods such as potatoes; while the presence of high molecular weight materials contribute to the overall quality deterioration of both the frying fat and the fried product. The application of GC-MS to the determination of flavor components in french fries and corresponding frying oil yielded information indicating a relationship between the presence of these materials and french fry quality. A larger scale study in which the amounts of high molecular weight products were determined showed the time course of oil deterioration and a relationship between total polar material formed and food quality.
Combining 33 genetic variants with prostate‐specific antigen for prediction of prostate cancer: Longitudinal study (2011)

The aim of this study was to investigate if a genetic risk score including 33 common genetic variants improves prediction of prostate cancer when added to measures of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We conducted a case-control study nested within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort (NSHDC), a prospective cohort in northern Sweden. A total of 520 cases and 988 controls matched for age, and date of blood draw were identified by linkage between the regional cancer register and the NSHDC. Receiver operating characteristic curves with area under curve (AUC) estimates were used as measures of prostate cancer prediction. The AUC for the genetic risk score was 64.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 61.4-67.2], and the AUC for total PSA and the ratio of free to total PSA was 86.2% (95% CI = 84.4-88.1). A model including the genetic risk score, total PSA and the ratio of free to total PSA increased the AUC to 87.2% (95% CI = 85.4-89.0, p difference = 0.002). The addition of a genetic risk score to PSA resulted in a marginal improvement in prostate cancer prediction that would not seem useful for clinical risk assessment.