gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The hot hELicon eXperiment (HELIX) and the large experiment on instabilities and anisotropy (LEIA) (2014)

The West Virginia University Hot hELIcon eXperiment (HELIX) provides variable density and ion temperature plasmas, with controllable levels of thermal anisotropy, for space relevant laboratory experiments in the Large Experiment on Instabilities and Anisotropy (LEIA) as well as fundamental studies of helicon source physics in HELIX. Through auxiliary ion heating, the ion temperature anisotropy ( T ⊥ / T ∥ ) is variable from 1 to 20 for parallel plasma beta (β = 8π nkT i ∥ / B 2 ) values that span the range of 0.0001 to 0.01 in LEIA. The ion velocity distribution function is measured throughout the discharge volume in steady-state and pulsed plasmas with laser induced fluorescence (LIF). The wavelengths of very short wavelength electrostatic fluctuations are measured with a coherent microwave scattering system. Operating at low neutral pressures triggers spontaneous formation of a current-free electric double layer. Ion acceleration through the double layer is detected through LIF. LIF-based velocity space tomography of the accelerated beam provides a two-dimensional mapping of the bulk and beam ion distribution functions. The driving frequency for the m = 1 helical antenna is continuously variable from 8.5 to 16 MHz and frequency dependent variations of the RF coupling to the plasma allow the spontaneously appearing double layers to be turned on and off without modifying the plasma collisionality or magnetic field geometry. Single and multi-species plasmas are created with argon, helium, nitrogen, krypton, and xenon. The noble gas plasmas have steep neutral density gradients, with ionization levels reaching 100% in the core of the plasma source. The large plasma density in the source enables the study of Aflvén waves in the HELIX device.
Highly Selective Xylene Sensor Based on NiO/NiMoO<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposite Hierarchical Spheres for Indoor Air Monitoring (2016)

Xylene is a hazardous volatile organic compound, which should be measured precisely for monitoring of indoor air quality. The selective detection of ppm-level xylene using oxide semiconductor chemiresistors, however, remains a challenging issue. In this study, NiO/NiMoO<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite hierarchical spheres assembled from nanosheets were prepared by hydrothermal reaction, and the potential of sensors composed of these nanocomposites to selectively detect xylene gas was investigated. The sensors based on the NiO/NiMoO<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite hierarchical spheres exhibited high responses (maximum resistance ratio =101.5) to 5 ppm p-xylene with low cross-responses (resistance ratios <30) to 5 ppm toluene, benzene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH, CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>, HCHO, CO, trimethylamine, and NH<sub>3</sub>. In contrast, a sensor based on pure NiO hierarchical spheres exhibited negligibly low responses to all 9 analyte gases. The gas-sensing mechanism underlying the high selectivity and response to xylene in the NiO/NiMoO<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite hierarchical spheres is discussed in relation to the catalytic promotion of the xylene-sensing reaction by synergistic combination between NiO and NiMoO<sub>4</sub>, gas-accessible hierarchical morphology, and electronic sensitization by Mo addition. Highly selective detection of xylene can pave the road toward a new solution for precise monitoring of indoor air pollution.
Pins and plaster treatment of comminuted fractures of the distal end of the radius (1975)

The technique used in the treatment of seventy-five patients with severely comminuted, often intra-articular fractures near the wrist was as follows- Pins were inserted through the metacarpals and proximal part of the ulna, reduction was done, and the pins were incorporated in a cast from elbow to knuckles. This allowed movement of the fingers and the elbow. The main complications - loss of radial length and pintract infection - are avoided by attention to technical details. Of the patients with adequate follow-up, 86 per cent had good or excellent results.
Hormonal Changes in Puberty III: Correlation of Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone,Testosterone, FSH, and LH with Stages of Puberty and Bone Age in Normal Boys and Girls and in Patients with Addison's Disease or Hypogonadism or with Premature or Late Adrenarche (1975)

In 104 normal boys, ages 7 to 14 years (bone ages 5 to 15 years), plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) rose from 52.7 at 7 years, to 112.0 ng/100 ml at 10 years. A further rise occurred at 12 years (188 ng/100 ml). In relation to the bone age, DHEA increased from a mean plasma level of 31.1 at a bone age of 5 years to 77.1 ng/100 ml at one of 7 years. Further increases were observed with mean values of 163.2 at a bone age of 11 years, and of 221.2 at a bone age of 12 years, with a maximum of 333.4 ng/100 ml at bone ages of 14-15 years. The first significant increase of plasma testosterone (T) was noted at a bone age of 12 years (54.8 ng/100 ml). The major rise of T was preceded by the rise of plasma LH and was accompanied by the rise of plasma FSH. Plasma DHEA and T were also measured in 123 normal girls, ages 6 to 13 years (bone ages 5 to 15 years). DHEA rose significantly from a mean level of 44.7 at 6 years, to 80.9 ng/100 ml at 8 years, with further increases between 9 and 10 years and between 10 and 11 years. In relation to bone age, DHEA increased significantly from a mean plasma concentration of 30.9 at a bone age of 5 years, to that of 58.6 ng/100 ml at 7 years. Further increases were observed with values of 191.1 at a bone age of 10 years and 485.6 ng/100 ml at a bone age of 13 years. The first significant rise of testosterone (T) occurred at 10 years of both chronological and bone age. DHEA rose before the increase of gonadotropins. The major rise of T at a bone age of 10 years occurred concurrently with increases in plasma FSH and LH. Low levels of DHEA were observed in Addison's disease. In hypogonadotropin hypogonadism and in anorchia, DHEA levels were normal, suggesting that DHEA is produced primarily in the adrenal gland. In seven girls with early adrenarche, plasma concentrations of DHEA were in the upper range of normal values, whereas T levels were within the normal range. Conversely in girls with late adrenarche, plasma DHEA was lower than normal but T was within the normal limits. The elevation of DHEA prior to the first signs of puberty suggests that DHEA may play a role in the maturation of the hypothalamic-hypophysealgonadal axis. However, the mechanism that triggers the secretion of DHEA is not known.
A modified plate assay for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. (1994)

Inorganic phosphate solubilizers are routinely screened in the laboratory by a plate assay method (9) using either Pikovskaya agar (17) or Sperber agar (21). Any microorganism which is capable of producing a halo/clear zone is selected as a potential phosphate solubilizer (3, 5, 6,13). This halo produced is due to the solubilization of insoluble phosphates, which in turn is largely due to the production of organic acids into the surrounding medium (4,(6)(7)(8)(10)(11)(12)16,19,20).
Two-Dimensional Molecular Space with Regular Molecular Structure (2007)

A novel two-dimensional molecular space (layered carboxylpropylamidephenylsilica, CPAPhS) with regular carboxyl groups was successfully synthesized through grafting carboxyl groups in the structure of layered (aminophenyl)silica using butanedioic anhydride. The carboxyl groups regularly arranged in the layered CPAPhS can react with various organic molecules with amino and hydroxyl groups through formation of reactive intermediate with catalyzers, such as SOCl2. In this research, an example was used to prove the reaction properties of regular carboxyl groups in layered CPAPhS. The layered CPAPhS was reacted with SOCl2 to form layered acyl chloridepropylamidephenylsilica (ACPAPhS) and then reacted with n-butylamine and n-butyl alcohol to form layered n-butylamidepropylamidephenylsilica (BAPAPhS) and n-butylesterpropylamidephenylsilica (BEPAPhS) with regular molecular structures. Layered CPAPhS showed the potential as a starting material for formation of a series of novel two-dimensional molecular space with various regular molecular structures, and as a solid acceptor for chemical reagent with amino and hydroxyl groups for chemical processes.
51.5: Single Panel Color Sequential Projectors with Polarization Recovery (2002)

Abstract Color sequential single panel LCD projectors potentially fulfill the need for low cost projection systems. This paper describes and compares potential alternative and integrated solutions for cost drivers like polarization and color recovery.
Poly(arylene ether)s Containing Phenylphosphine Oxide Groups (2002)

As part of a NASA program to develop materials for potential future space applications, poly(arylene ether)s containing phenylphosphine oxide groups were prepared and characterized. The polymers were synthesized by the aromatic nucleophilic displacement reaction of two isomeric bisphenols, 2,5- dihydroxyphenyldiphenylphosphine oxide and bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylphosphine oxide, with activated aromatic difluorides in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethylacetamide at 155 'C. The polymers exhibited inherent viscosities from 0.35 to 1.00 dL g- 1 and glass transition temperatures from 160 to 249 'C. Thermogravimetric analyses showed 5% weight loss ranging from 382 to 479 'C in air and 377 to 505 'C in nitrogen. Unoriented thin films exhibited tensile strengths, moduli, and break elongations at 23 'C of 49-94 MPa, 2.3-3.4 GPa, and 6-41%, respectively Limiting oxygen indices from 18-32 were calculated based on polymer char residues at 850 'C in nitrogen. The polymers exhibited relatively low solar absorptivities ranging from 0.04 to 0.16 and thermal emissivities ranging from 0.48 to 0.63. The chemistry, physical, and mechanical properties of these polymers are presented herein.
Methyl 2-pyridinesulfinate. A convenient reagent for sulfinylation-dehydrosulfinylation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethyl 2-pyridinesulfinate. A convenient reagent for sulfinylation-dehydrosulfinylationBarry M. Trost and Jonathan R. ParquetteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6, 1579–1581Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00058a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00058a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views924Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Bmi1 enhances skeletal muscle regeneration through MT1-mediated oxidative stress protection in a mouse model of dystrophinopathy (2014)

The Polycomb group (PcG) protein Bmi1 is an essential epigenetic regulator of stem cell function during normal development and in adult organ systems. We show that mild up-regulation of Bmi1 expression in the adult stem cells of the skeletal muscle leads to a remarkable improvement of muscle function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The molecular mechanism underlying enhanced physiological function of Bmi1 depends on the injury context and it is mediated by metallothionein 1 (MT1)-driven modulation of resistance to oxidative stress in the satellite cell population. These results lay the basis for developing Bmi1 pharmacological activators, which either alone or in combination with MT1 agonists could be a powerful novel therapeutic approach to improve regeneration in muscle wasting conditions.
Researches and application of a hybrid fault diagnosis expert system (2002)

It is difficult to use a single diagnosis theory or method to monitor and diagnose the whole condition of a large complicated system. To realize real-time condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of a large automatic production line in a steel factory, according to the structure and fault diagnosis characteristics of the production line system, a hybrid fault diagnosis expert system based on knowledge and neural network has been researched and built. This paper introduces the basic composition of the hybrid expert system, and gives the rule examples of the expert system based on knowledge, and emphatically introduces knowledge expression and knowledge acquisition and fault diagnosis inference of the fault diagnosis expert system based on neural network. Finally, fault diagnosis examples based on neural network are given. Research results show that a hybrid expert system is very effective to monitor and diagnose a large complicated modern production process.
Self-Rating Inventory for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Review of the Psychometric Properties of a New Brief Dutch Screening Instrument (2002)

The Self-rating Inventory for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder of 22 items was developed for use with populations without identified traumatic experiences. The inventory has been used extensively in survey research in The Netherlands. This paper examines the psychometric properties. In four different groups (trauma and psychiatric patients, elderly Dutch subjects, former peacekeepers, and medical students) internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent and discriminant validity, and sensitivity and specificity are analyzed. The inventory showed good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent and discriminant validity, and high sensitivity and specificity. It appears to be valuable for survey research on posttraumatic stress in nonselected populations. As a screening device, high sensitivity for PTSD symptoms is evident even when the traumatic event has not been defined.
Phage Therapy Revisited: The Population Biology of a Bacterial Infection and Its Treatment with Bacteriophage and Antibiotics (1996)

Phage therapy is the use of bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) to treat bacterial infections. It has been practiced sporadically on humans and domestic animals for nearly 75 yr. Nevertheless, phage therapy has remained outside the mainstream of modern medicine, presumably because of doubts about its efficacy, and possibly because it was eclipsed by antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents. In this report, we develop the study of phage therapy and antibiotic therapy as a population biological phenomenon-the dynamic interaction of bacteria with a predator (phage) or a toxic chemical (antibiotic) inside a host whose immune and other defenses also affect the interaction. Our goal is to identify the conditions under which phage and antibiotics can successfully control a bacterial infection and when they cannot. We review data published in the 1980s by H. Williams Smith and J. B. Huggins on the use of phage and antibiotics to control lethal, systemic infections of Escherichia coli in experimentally inoculated mice. We show that some of their observations can be accommodated by a quantitative model that invokes known or plausible assumptions about host defenses and the interactions of bacteria with phage and antibiotics; some observations remain unexplained by the model. Our analysis identifies several hypotheses about the population dynamics of phage and antibiotic therapy that can be tested experimentally. Included among these are hypotheses that account for variation in the efficacy of the different phages employed by Smith and Huggins and why, in their study, phages were more effective than antibiotics.
Fast Labeling of Technetium-99m-Sestamibi with Microwave Oven Heating (1991)

Technetium-99m-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) imaging can be useful to assess myocardial salvage following thrombolysis. In such acute conditions, MIBI must be readily available. The standard labeling method requires a 10-min boiling period in a boiling water bath (BWB). The purpose of this study was to compare the BWB technique to a microwave oven heating (MOH) method. Two series of 10 MIBI vials (8 cc)—one for BWB and one for MOH—were evaluated after removal of 7-8 cc of head space volume and the addition of 100 mCi (3 cc) of [99mTc]-pertechnetate. The two heating processes were evaluated as follows: (1) BWB: vials were put in boiling water for 10 min, (2) MOH: vials were put in a 0.4-cu ft lead-shielded microwave oven for 13 sec. A styrofoam cap protected the aluminum seal from sparking. Labeling efficiency was evaluated by radiochromatography with Baker flex aluminum oxide plates/absolute ethanol system at 1 min, 10 min, 6 hr and 24 hr after reconstitution. The labeling efficiency (percentage of primary complex) was determined and the results showed no significant differences between the two methods. MOH considerably reduces the heating period (13 sec) and provides a good labeling efficiency for in vivo imaging.
Bootstrap estimates of the statistical accuracy of thresholds obtained from psychometric functions. (1997)

Estimates of the accuracy of a threshold obtained from a psychometric function are often based on asymptotic theory. When the number of trails is small, however, these estimates may be untrustworthy. A computer program is described that uses a move reliable bootstrap approach to obtaining estimates of the standard deviation and confidence limits of a threshold and of the slope and spread of the psychometric function for any criterion level of performance.
A Dictionary Server Protocol (1997)

The Dictionary Server Protocol (DICT) is a TCP transaction based query/response protocol that allows a client to access dictionary definitions from a set of natural language dictionary databases.
CHEST (2006)

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The Effects of Different Fungi on the IL-1β Expression in Mouse Dendritic Cells (2020)

Background: Invasive fungal infection received more and more attention because of its high mortality, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common pathogenic fungus for systematic fungal infection, A. lentulus was isolated and identified recently and named as a sister of A. fumigatus. Objectives: The current study aimed to explore the concentration and time-dependent relationships of the virulence of fungi due to the change in the Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) level. Methods: Candida albicans, A. fumigatus, and A. lentulus suspensions with a multiplicity of infection = 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 units were used to treat mouse dendritic cells. The IL-β level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the treatment was administered. Results: The main effects and interactions between the multiplicity of infection, intervention duration, and the dependent variable of IL-1β were significant. Besides, there were statistically significant differences. Only C. albicans and A. lentulus could induce IL-1β 48 hours after administration. Furthermore, the production of IL-1β induced by A. fumigatus was higher than that induced by A. lentulus and C. albicans. Conclusions: This study demonstrated concentration- and time-dependent relationships in IL-1β production by dendritic cells induced by three types of fungi. Candida albicans and A. lentulus exhibited a slow phase-in in vitro inflammation induction. The inflammatory response induced by A. fumigatusin vitro has the characteristics of a short action time and a strong toxic effect. Finally, A. lentulus is less virulent than A. fumigatus, and its inflammation-inducing time is relatively longer.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) performance tests for particulate and SO sub 2 conducted at the DOE Coal-Fired Flow Facility (2021)

Results of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) performance tests conducted at the DOE's Coal Fired Flow Facility (CFFF) are reported. During 1989 a series of compliance tests for emissions of particulates and SO{sub 2} were conducted under the supervision of the Tennessee Department of Health and Environment's Air Pollution Control Board using standard EPA methods. The CFFF met all compliance requirements for state permitting with mass emissions of approximately 0.05 pounds per million Btu (lb/MMBtu) and sulfur dioxide emissions averaging 0.5 lb/MMBtu. Current limits under state law allow for particulates and SO{sub 2} emissions of 0.19 and 5.0 lb/MMBtu, respectively. Tougher federal new Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for SO{sub 2} emissions were also met by the facility during compliance testing. 6 figs., 3 tabs.
Wearable health care system for vital signs monitoring (2003)

A new concept in healthcare, aimed to providing continuous remote monitoring of user vital signs, is emerging. An innovative system named WEALTHY is presented, were smart material in fiber and yarn form endowed with a wide range of electrophysical properties (conducting, piezoresistive, etc) are integrated and used as basic elements to be woven or knitted in fabric form. The simultaneous recording of vital signs allows parameters' extrapolation and inter-signal elaboration that contribute to make alert messages and synoptic patient table. WEALTHY system is implemented by integrating computing techniques, smart sensors, portable devices and telecommunications, together with local intelligence and decision support system. The system will assist cardiopathic patients during rehabilitation or subjects working in extreme stressful environment conditions.
Incremental Learning of Statistical Motion Patterns With Growing Hidden Markov Models (2009)

Modeling and predicting human and vehicle motion is an active research domain. Due to the difficulty of modeling the various factors that determine motion (e.g., internal state and perception), this is often tackled by applying machine learning techniques to build a statistical model, using as input a collection of trajectories gathered through a sensor (e.g., camera and laser scanner), and then using that model to predict further motion. Unfortunately, most current techniques use offline learning algorithms, meaning that they are not able to learn new motion patterns once the learning stage has finished. In this paper, we present an approach where motion patterns can be learned incrementally and in parallel with prediction. Our work is based on a novel extension to hidden Markov models (HMMs) - called growing hidden Markov models - which gives us the ability to incrementally learn both the parameters and the structure of the model.
Merged CMOS/bipolar current switch logic (MCSL) (1989)

A merged CMOS/bipolar current switch logic (MCSL) is presented. CMOS/ECL level conversion and logical operation are realized simultaneously. This circuit technique allows a supply voltage reduction to 3.3 V. A carry delay time of 150 ps/bit for a 4-bit BiCMOS full adder was measured. This is about five times faster than an optimized CMOS adder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>