gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High Resolution CCD Imager Module with Swing Operation (1986)

A new, high resolution CCD imager has been developed. An interline transfer CCD chip is swung synchronously at frame frequency in a horizontal direction with the aid of newly-designed piezoelectric bimorph actuators. Though the swing operation using these actuators, 560 TV line horizontal limiting resolution, is twice higher than the conventional operation, it has been realized without increasing CCD pixels on the Si-chip. The newly-designed signal processing circuit, its band being less than 7 MHz, fits the NTSC system and has achieved high-resolution images for the new device.
Generation of Human Monoclonal Anti-idiotypic Antibodies with Specificity to the Murine Monoclonal Anti-CA 125 Antibody B43.13 (1996)

Two human monoclonal antibodies, HID-7E7 and ROB-6F2, were produced by EBV transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). PBL were obtained from a patient with ovarian cancer who had been exposed several times to a Tc-99m labeled murine monoclonal anti-CA 125 antibody (B43.13, Biomira, Edmonton) for immunoscintigraphy. The HID-7E7 and ROB-6F2 producing B-cells were cloned with a limiting dilution technique and have shown stable immunoglobulin secretion within a period of three years. The human monoclonal antibodies HID-7E7 and ROB-6F2 are of the IgG isotype, and bind with significant affinity to the murine monoclonal antibody B43.13, which was used for immunoscintigraphy. Binding affinity of ROB-6F2 to other murine antibodies could not be detected. Cross reactivity of HID-7E7 to a murine anti-CEA monoclonal antibody was observed. In order to verify the anti-idiotypic character of the generated human antibodies, the ability of HID-7E7 and ROB-6F2, respectively, to inhibit the formation of the CA125/B43.13 complex is demonstrated via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These human anti-idiotypic antibodies are possible candidates for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer in patients with a small tumor burden following surgery and/or chemotherapy.
Points-to analysis for Java using annotated constraints (2001)

The goal of point-to analysis for Java is to determine the set of objects pointed by a reference variable or a reference object field. This information has a wide variety of client applications in optimizing compilers and software engineering tools. In this paper we present a point-to analysis for Java based on Andersen's point-to analysis for C [5]. We implement the analysis by using a constraint-based approach which employs annotated inclusion constraints. Constraint annotations allow us model precisely and efficiently the semantics of virtual calls and the flow of values through object fields. By solving systems of annotated inclusion constraints, we have been albe to perform practical and precies points-to analysis for Java
CD154 induces p73 to overcome the resistance to apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells lacking functional p53 (2006)

Intravenous infusion of autologous chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells transduced with an adenovirus encoding CD40-ligand (CD154) caused rapid reductions in leukemia-cell counts and lymphnode size. We hypothesized that CD40-ligation via CD154 sensitized CLL cells to death-receptor-mediated apoptosis. We found that CD154-expressing cells induced expression of CD95 and the BH3-interacting-domain death agonist (Bid) in CLL, regardless of whether the leukemia cells had functional p53. Such treatment also induced p73, a p53-related transcription factor regulated by c-Abl kinase, and enhanced the sensitivity to fludarabine (F-ara-A) of CLL cells lacking functional p53. Transduction of CLL cells with an adenovirus encoding p73 also induced Bid and CD95 and enhanced the sensitivity to F-ara-A of p53-deficient CLL cells. However, inhibition of c-Abl with imatinib suppressed CD154-induced expression of p73, p73-induced expression of Bid and CD95, and blocked the sensitization of p53-deficient CLL cells to CD95-mediated or F-ara-A-induced apoptosis. Conversely, CLL cells transduced with an imatinib-resistant c-Abl mutant could be induced by CD154 to express p73 and Bid even when treated with imatinib. These results indicate that CD154 can sensitize leukemia cells to apoptosis via the c-Abl-dependent activation of p73 and mitigate the resistance of p53-deficient CLL cells to anticancer drug therapy.
AAPM's TG‐51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high‐energy photon and electron beams (1999)

A protocol is prescribed for clinical reference dosimetry of external beam radiation therapy using photon beams with nominal energies between 60Co and 50 MV and electron beams with nominal energies between 4 and 50 MeV. The protocol was written by Task Group 51 (TG-51) of the Radiation Therapy Committee of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and has been formally approved by the AAPM for clinical use. The protocol uses ion chambers with absorbed-dose-to-water calibration factors, N(60Co)D,w which are traceable to national primary standards, and the equation D(Q)w = MkQN(60Co)D,w where Q is the beam quality of the clinical beam, D(Q)w is the absorbed dose to water at the point of measurement of the ion chamber placed under reference conditions, M is the fully corrected ion chamber reading, and kQ is the quality conversion factor which converts the calibration factor for a 60Co beam to that for a beam of quality Q. Values of kQ are presented as a function of Q for many ion chambers. The value of M is given by M = PionP(TP)PelecPpolMraw, where Mraw is the raw, uncorrected ion chamber reading and Pion corrects for ion recombination, P(TP) for temperature and pressure variations, Pelec for inaccuracy of the electrometer if calibrated separately, and Ppol for chamber polarity effects. Beam quality, Q, is specified (i) for photon beams, by %dd(10)x, the photon component of the percentage depth dose at 10 cm depth for a field size of 10x10 cm2 on the surface of a phantom at an SSD of 100 cm and (ii) for electron beams, by R50, the depth at which the absorbed-dose falls to 50% of the maximum dose in a beam with field size > or =10x10 cm2 on the surface of the phantom (> or =20x20 cm2 for R50>8.5 cm) at an SSD of 100 cm. R50 is determined directly from the measured value of I50, the depth at which the ionization falls to 50% of its maximum value. All clinical reference dosimetry is performed in a water phantom. The reference depth for calibration purposes is 10 cm for photon beams and 0.6R50-0.1 cm for electron beams. For photon beams clinical reference dosimetry is performed in either an SSD or SAD setup with a 10x10 cm2 field size defined on the phantom surface for an SSD setup or at the depth of the detector for an SAD setup. For electron beams clinical reference dosimetry is performed with a field size of > or =10x10 cm2 (> or =20x20 cm2 for R50>8.5 cm) at an SSD between 90 and 110 cm. This protocol represents a major simplification compared to the AAPM's TG-21 protocol in the sense that large tables of stopping-power ratios and mass-energy absorption coefficients are not needed and the user does not need to calculate any theoretical dosimetry factors. Worksheets for various situations are presented along with a list of equipment required.
Index profile of graded-index channel waveguides (1986)

Passive channel waveguides with a number of widths (3–15 μm) have been fabricated, and the effective modal indices have been measured in the 0.4–0.8-μm wavelength range. The experimental results are correlated with the theoretical predictions. The 2-D index profile is found to be spatially separable namely, sech2 in depth and sech2, parabolic or step in width depending on the waveguide dimension.
Giant Magnetoresistance of Fe/Ag Multilayer Films with Ultrathin Fe Layers (1994)

A giant magnetoresistive effect in as-deposited Fe/Ag multilayer films with ultrathin Fe layers has been observed. The magnetoresistance in this system is presented first as a function of Fe layer thickness tFe. The sample with Fe layer thickness of 4 Å exhibits a magnetoresistance ratio as large as 14.3% at 4.2 K. The magnetoresistance ratio decreases approximately an order of magnitude with increasing tFe from 4 to 10 Å and then changes slightly with further increasing tFe. From the hysteresis loop measurement, it is found that the interlayer coupling changes from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic with increasing tFe. The feature of material at the interface might be responsible for all these findings.
Culture and molecular-based profiles show shifts in bacterial communities of the upper respiratory tract that occur with age (2015)

The upper respiratory tract (URT) is a crucial site for host defense, as it is home to bacterial communities that both modulate host immune defense and serve as a reservoir of potential pathogens. Young children are at high risk of respiratory illness, yet the composition of their URT microbiota is not well understood. Microbial profiling of the respiratory tract has traditionally focused on culturing common respiratory pathogens, whereas recent culture-independent microbiome profiling can only report the relative abundance of bacterial populations. In the current study, we used both molecular profiling of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and laboratory culture to examine the bacterial diversity from the oropharynx and nasopharynx of 51 healthy children with a median age of 1.1 years (range 1-4.5 years) along with 19 accompanying parents. The resulting profiles suggest that in young children the nasopharyngeal microbiota, much like the gastrointestinal tract microbiome, changes from an immature state, where it is colonized by a few dominant taxa, to a more diverse state as it matures to resemble the adult microbiota. Importantly, this difference in bacterial diversity between adults and children accompanies a change in bacterial load of three orders of magnitude. This indicates that the bacterial communities in the nasopharynx of young children have a fundamentally different structure from those in adults and suggests that maturation of this community occurs sometime during the first few years of life, a period that includes ages at which children are at the highest risk for respiratory disease.
Geology of Southwestern United States (1939)

Prepared by the Author The present physiographic features of southwestern United States can be much better understood when their origin is considered in the light of historical geology. This paper reviews the sequence of events that have contributed to the development of the present physiographic features in this area. The initial stage in the development of the cordilleran mountain area is represented by the period of sedimentation lasting from some time in the pr-Cambrian through the Jurassic. Accompanying this sedimentation was a gradual isostatic subsidence of the entire area as shown in the character of the sediments themselves. At the end of Jurassic time the second stage of cordilleran history was inaugurated with the beginning of the intrusion of the Jurassic granitic batholith in a belt parallel to the axis of sedimentation in western North America. The heat of the magmatic masses under the geosyncline caused ex- pansion with the resulting overthrust faulting and crumpling of the sediments. This expansion reached its maximum in late Cretaceous time with the formation of the final foothills ranges such as the Black Hills and other eastern uplifts. Following the period of maximum expansion the area gradually cooled inaugurating the third step in the history of the area. The cooling processes resulted in tensional forces which eventually manifested them- selves in long linear gravity faults. The Basin Ranges and finally the Sierra Nevada fault are examples of this stage. The area in which the volcanism started would be the last to cool, and so today we still have our most active volcanism in the heart of the area that was first intruded by igneous rocks in late Jurassic time. In the large undrained areas that resulted from the linear cracking of the surface, fresh-water lakes formed. Gradually sedimentation destroyed these lakes and later erosion dissected the soft sediments into our great bad land areas such as White River badlands, Cedar Breaks, Brvce Canyon, and Wind River badlands. The Pleistocene galciation had a profound effect on the topography of western United States for two reasons: First, the intense glaciation sculptured the mountain peaks and valleys. Secondly, the climate was considerably more moist at that time, resulting in much more efficient stream erosion. The area today is being gradually reduced by erosive processes, of which mechanical processes are producing the greatest results.
Static beam placement and frequency plan algorithms for LEO constellations (2020)

Summary LEO satellites are growing rapidly in number, but also in configurability of the payload, which presents new challenges of how to allocate the satellite's resources. We present an algorithm to solve two subproblems of the resource allocation problem for multi‐beam satellites in large LEO constellations. Our approach produces a static beam placement and a static frequency plan, taking into account the user demands and interference conditions, respectively. We provide an easy to implement and fast approximation for the beam placement problem, which is converted into an Edge Clique Cover problem using graph theory. The frequency assignment problem is translated into a constraint satisfaction problem, which is later solved with a first‐fit heuristic. We apply our algorithm to a scenario based on SpaceX's Starlink constellation, and when compared to two different baselines, we show that our method requires 40% fewer beams while being able to provide service to 2% more users.
Synthesis and biochemical properties of chemically stable product analogs of the reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (1982)

Structural analogues of decarboxylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine (dc-SAM), product of the reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (SAM-DC), with modifications in the side-chain portion of the molecule have been synthesized, and their ability to inhibit SAM-DC has been investigated. Mainly, compounds with a nitrogen atom in place of the sulfur were investigated. The data from these inhibition studies have resulted in a delineation of the structural features required for binding on SAM-DC. It was concluded that a terminal primary amino group, a terminal carboxyl group, and the sulfonium functionality are not required for binding on SAM-DC. It was also found that analogues of dc-SAM in which replacement of the sulfur by nitrogen was the only modification were still able to form an azomethine with the enzyme. As found for SAM and dc-SAM, these compounds also caused a time-dependent inactivation of SAM-DC.
Efficient algebraic multipulse search (2002)

A joint amplitude and position search is proposed for searching algebraic multipulse codebooks for CELP speech coding. It is implemented within the reference G.723.1 codec as an example. This joint search method is shown to reduce down to one-third the number of comparisons per subframe relative to the focused search over an extensive speech database. An efficient implementation of the joint search is derived which incorporates backward filtering of the residual target vector and precomputation of auto-correlation elements, bringing about a reduction in complexity of one third in comparison to the focused search. The joint search performs about one thirtieth as many comparisons as the full position search.
Fertilization in Vitro of Mouse Ova from Inbred and Outbred Strains: Complete Preimplantation Embryo Development in Glucose-Supplemented KSOM1 (1995)

A new medium derived from the use of sequential simplex optimization methods (SOM) that overcomes the block to development beyond two cells in vitro in embryos of the CF1-cultured strain of mouse has recently been described. Contrary to previous reports, glucose was shown to have no significant inhibiting effect on embryo development to the blastocyst stage in SOM. A modification of SOM, designated KSOM, with an increased concentration of Na+ (95 mM) and K+ (2.5 mM), which has been described elsewhere, also supports growth beyond the two-cell block. KSOM produces a higher rate of compaction, a larger yield of blastocysts, and an increased rate of cell division of the trophoblast cells. We have reexamined the glucose effect by varying the concentration of glucose (either 0.2 mM or 5.56 mM) in KSOM and determined the ability of these media to support preimplantation development of CF1 female x B6D2F1 male zygotes through the blastocyst stage. Glucose is shown to have no significant inhibiting effect on development to the blastocyst stage. The yield of blastocysts is typically 85%-90%. A modification of KSOM derived from this study, designated modified KSOM, with an increased concentration of glucose (5.56 mM) and supplemented with 4 mg ml-1 BSA is now shown to support high rates of fertilization in vitro of CF1 ova with hybrid B6D2F1/CrlBR sperm and subsequent development of zygotes beyond the two-cell stage to blastocysts in high yield.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Particle-based Sampling and Meshing of Surfaces in Multimaterial Volumes (2008)

Methods that faithfully and robustly capture the geometry of complex material interfaces in labeled volume data are important for generating realistic and accurate visualizations and simulations of real-world objects. The generation of such multimaterial models from measured data poses two unique challenges: first, the surfaces must be well-sampled with regular, efficient tessellations that are consistent across material boundaries; and second, the resulting meshes must respect the nonmanifold geometry of the multimaterial interfaces. This paper proposes a strategy for sampling and meshing multimaterial volumes using dynamic particle systems, including a novel, differentiable representation of the material junctions that allows the particle system to explicitly sample corners, edges, and surfaces of material intersections. The distributions of particles are controlled by fundamental sampling constraints, allowing Delaunay-based meshing algorithms to reliably extract watertight meshes of consistently high-quality.
A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Growth and Attack on Wood by Three White-Rot Fungi and Their Cellulase-less Mutants (1980)

Article A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Growth and Attack on Wood by Three White-Rot Fungi and Their Cellulase-less Mutants was published on January 1, 1980 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 34, issue 6).
A semi‐empirical adsorption equation for single component gas‐solid equilibria (1981)

Abstract A semi‐empirical adsorption equation is derived and tested against published equilibrium sorption data on various types of systems. The equation is designed to satisfy the constraints imposed by the physics and the thermodynamics of the adsorption systems. It can describe the Type I and the Type III isotherms as well as their combinations. The model does not restrict the nature of the isosteric heat of adsorption to simplified forms such as a constant or a linear function of the surface coverage. This restriction is primarily responsible for limited applications of the published theories. Empirical equations relating the isosteric heat of adsorption and the surface excess variable are proposed.
Spontaneous H—D exchange in hydrogenated 1-methylallyldicyclopentadienyltitanium(<scp>III</scp>)- an active catalyst for the isomerization and hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons (1969)

Hydrogenation of (C5H5)2Ti(C4H7) yields an active homogeneous catalyst which can be used for the hydrogenation and isomerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons and which exchanges its cyclopentadienyl hydrogen atoms in a deuterium atmosphere yielding a deuteriated complex which can be converted with hydrogen chloride into pure (C5D5)2TiCl2.
Tyrosinase-Mediated Bioconjugation. A Versatile Approach to Chimeric Macromolecules (2018)

We present a method for tyrosine-selective and reversible bioconjugation; tyrosines are enzymatically converted into catechols and in situ "clicked" onto boronic acids. Importantly, our process selectively produces catechols and avoids quinones, thereby improving the control over the chemical identity of the products. We have conjugated boronic acid-containing hyaluronic acid (HyA) to peptides bearing tyrosines in variable number and position; the use of tagging peptides for the provision of well exposed tyrosine residues-in our case the hemagglutinin-derived HA-tag-makes our approach applicable to virtually any protein; we have demonstrated this concept by conjugating HA-tagged ovalbumin to HyA, thereby also showing the feasibility of producing chimeric proteoglycans. A caveat of this appproach is that, although the formation of boronic esters does not affect the biological recognition of substrates (ovalbumin and HyA), the introduction of catechols may alter some of their biological properties: for example, only after tyrosinase treatment ovalbumin directly induced dendritic cell maturation, either alone or as a HyA conjugate.
Structural basis for the neutralization and genotype specificity of hepatitis E virus (2011)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute hepatitis in humans, predominantly by contamination of food and water, and is characterized by jaundice and flu-like aches and pains. To date, no vaccines are commercially available to prevent the disease caused by HEV. Previously, we showed that a monoclonal antibody, 8C11, specifically recognizes a neutralizing conformational epitope on HEV genotype I. The antibody 8C11 blocks the virus-like particle from binding to and penetrating the host cell. Here, we report the complex crystal structure of 8C11 Fab with HEV E2s(I) domain at 1.9 Å resolution. The 8C11 epitopes on E2s(I) were identified at Asp(496)-Thr(499), Val(510)-Leu(514), and Asn(573)-Arg(578). Mutations and cell-model assays identified Arg(512) as the most crucial residue for 8C11 interaction with and neutralization of HEV. Interestingly, 8C11 specifically neutralizes HEV genotype I, but not the other genotypes. Because HEV type I and IV are the most abundant genotypes, to understand this specificity further we determined the structure of E2s(IV) at 1.79 Å resolution and an E2s(IV) complex with 8C11 model was generated. The comparison between the 8C11 complexes with type I and IV revealed the key residues that distinguish these two genotypes. Of particular interest, the residue at amino acid position 497 at the 8C11 epitope region of E2s is distinct among these two genotypes. Swapping this residue from one genotype to another inversed the 8C11 reactivity, demonstrating the essential role played by amino acid 497 in the genotype recognition. These studies may lead to the development of antibody-based drugs for the specific treatment against HEV.