gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling of the uptake rate of the nitrogen dioxide Palmes diffusive sampler based on the effect of environmental factors (2005)

The influence of environmental parameters on the uptake rate of the nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) Palmes diffusive sampler was investigated. The main factors affecting the uptake rate were found to be wind speed, the preponderant factor, followed by relative humidity and temperature. The NO(2) concentration and exposure time, as well as the interactions among the factors were not found to have a significant influence on the uptake rate of the Palmes sampler. As a result, a model able to predict the uptake rate of the Palmes sampler was established. In addition, by using the model-predicted uptake rate, the agreement between chemiluminescence and the Palmes sampler during the field tests was improved. The NO(2) Palmes diffusive sampler was shown to comply with the requirement on accuracy defined by the European Directive for the indicative methods of measurements.
Fibre Optic Two Polarization Interferometer With Unambiguous Digital Readout And Its Application As Remote Strain Sensor (1986)

For overcoming the ambiguity of fringe counting in fibre optic interferometers with remote readout two phase shifted (π/2) interference signals are produced employing the residual birefringence of non-ideal monomode fibres. A simple logic circuit determines the sign of the measurand change corresponding to the sign of the phase shift and feeds the counting pulses into an up-down counter. The method is tested by strain measurements with jacketed as well as bare sections of fibre employing a Mach-Zehnder setup.
Wess-Zumino Consistency Condition for Entanglement Entropy (2012)

In this Letter, we consider the variation of the entanglement entropy of a region as the shape of the entangling surface is changed. We show that the variation satisfies a Wess-Zumino-like integrability condition in field theories which can be consistently coupled to gravity. In this case, the "anomaly" is localized on the entangling surface. The solution of the integrability condition should give all the nontrivial finite local terms which can appear in the variation of the entanglement entropy. The answers depend on the intrinsic and extrinsic geometry of the entangling surface, but the form does not depend on the details of the field theory. The coefficients, which multiply the purely geometric contributions, will depend on the particular details of the field theory.
Industrial applications of ion exchange resins (1958)

Examines a variety of industrial applications of ion exchange resins beyond water treatment, including the deionization of aqueous solutions, ion interchange, separations and catalysis by ion exchange, and ion exchange in the finishing of metals and separating metals from their ores.
High-Q Resonators using FBAR/SAW Technology and their Applications (2005)

This paper describes FBAR and SAW resonators which have high-Q factor using unique technology, and their applications. A new electrode material suitable for AlN-based FBARs have been developed in order to realize high-Q factor for low loss. The necessary conditions for FBAR electrode materials are low resistivity and high acoustic impedance. It is found the properties of ruthenium (Ru) to be suitable for use as electrode materials for AlN-based FBARs. The resonant characteristics of FBAR using Ru electrodes indicates Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> of 1200 and an effective electromechanical coupling coefficient k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of 6.7% at 2 GHz. On the contrary, SAW resonator with narrow finger electrode, which can suppress transverse leakage of SAW, shows Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> of 670 and k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of 7.1%. Furthermore, we applied these resonators to ladder-type FBAR filter for 2-GHz WCDMA and SAW duplexer for US-PCS, respectively, and achieved low-loss and step cut-off filters as a result.
Multiprogramming on multiprocessors (2002)

Many solutions have been proposed to the problem of multiprogramming a multiprocessor. However, each has limited applicability or fails to address an important source of overhead. In addition, there has been little experimental comparison of the various solutions in the presence of applications with varying degrees of parallelism and synchronization. The authors explore the tradeoffs between three different approaches to multiprogramming a multiprocessor: time-slicing, coscheduling, and dynamic hardware partitions. They implemented applications that vary in the degree of parallelism, and the frequency and type of synchronization. They show that in most cases coscheduling is preferable to time-slicing. They also show that although there are cases where coscheduling is beneficial, dynamic hardware partitions do no worse, and will often do better. They conclude that under most circumstances, hardware partitioning is the best strategy for multiprogramming a multiprocessor, no matter how much parallelism applications employ or how frequently synchronization occurs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact of Cross-Linked Chitosan Sublayer Structure on the Performance of TFC FO PAN Nanofiber Membranes (2018)

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a popular material in membrane field because of its excellent mechanical property, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. Unfortunately, PAN nanofibers produced by electrospinning are not suitable for interfacial polymerization process directly due to its hydrophobicity and large average pore size. In this work, the cross-linked chitosan (CS) solution was coated on the nanofiber surface to fabricate a sublayer, based on which thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were prepared using <i>m</i>-phenylenediamine and 1,3,5-trimesoyl chloride as the monomers. The impact of the different sublayers on the performances of TFC PAN nanofiber membranes for forward osmosis (FO) was studied by varying cross-linked CS concentrations. The results indicated that the increased CS concentration not only led to the relatively denser polyamide layer, but also changed its morphology. In the reverse osmosis process, NaCl rejection increased from 46.5 to 83.5%. Salt flux from feed solution to draw solution decreased from 25.8 to 8.9 g·m<sup>-2</sup>·h<sup>-1</sup> (0.1 M NaCl solution as feed, 2 M glucose solution as draw solution, FO mode). This study found that the sublayer had noteworthy impact on the separation layer and helped us to pave the way to design high-performance FO membranes.
Repeated Transplantation of Microencapsulated Hepatocytes for Sustained Correction of Hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn Rats (1992)

In previous studies we demonstrated that transplantation of microencapsulated hepatocytes could correct congenital hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn rats for 4 to 6 wks. Reduction in hyperbilirubinemia followed a single transplantation of isolated encapsulated hepatocytes (IEH). After 4 to 6 wks of transplantation IEH gradually lose their functionality. To sustain long-term supplementation of liver function we have investigated the efficacy of monthly IEH transplantation for 6 mo. Hepatocytes, isolated from young Wistar rats, were microencapsulated with a collagen matrix within an alginate-poly L-lysine composite membrane. We transplanted IEH intraperitoneally into homozygous Gunn rats at monthly (4-wk) intervals for 6 mo. Control Gunn rats received intraperitoneal transplantations of empty microcapsules. Total serum bilirubin was measured in the IEH-transplanted and control Gunn rats at weekly intervals for the duration of the 6-month study. A significant (p < 0.01) and sustained decrease (by nearly 50%) in total serum bilirubin levels was observed following monthly IEH transplantations in Gunn rats for the duration of the study. No such decrease in total serum bilirubin levels was seen in the controls. The Gunn rats exhibited good tolerance for the multiple IEH transplantations. Thus, repeated IEH transplantation may be one strategy for providing long-term supplementation of liver function in congenital metabolic liver disease.
Adenosine deaminase deficiency: disappearance of adenine deoxynucleotides from a patient's erythrocytes after successful marrow transplantation. (1978)

Accumulation of adenine deoxynucleotides (dATP and dADP) in the erythrocytes of a patient with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency was confirmed. The patient, now 18 mo old, was treated with a bone marrow transplantation from his HLA identical sister at 7 mo of age. Before and after the transplant, his erythrocyte and lymphocyte ADA activities, as well as his erythrocyte nucleotide profiles, were measured. 10 wk after the marrow transplant, no ADA activity could be detected in his erythrocytes, whereas there was a mixture of donor and patient lymphocytes as measured by ADA assays and karyotyping. At the same time, both dATP and dADP had disappeared from his erythrocytes, which were entirely of patient origin. These findings indicate that partial engraftment of donor lymphocytes into an ADA-deficient patient is capable of "correcting" alterations of deoxynucleotide concentrations in the patient's ADA-deficient erythrocytes.
Improvements of the Voice Activity Detector in AMR-WB (2007)

In speech coding one can make use of the speech inactivity to reduce the average bit-rate of the encoded signal. This demands a process commonly referred to as Voice Activity Detection (VAD) that separates the speech frames from the frames that only contains background noise. The purpose of the VAD is to tell the speech encoder to stop or reduce the data flow when no speech is present. The goal with such a process is to lower the average bit-rate without affecting the perceived speech quality. This work is an investigation and evaluation of possible improvements of the voice activity detector in the Adaptive Multirate Wideband (AMR-WB) speech coder. The purpose of the work was to reduce the sensitivity to babble background noise and improve the performance for detection of music. In the report there is a brief introduction to the theory of speech coding and VAD followed by the outline of the AMR-WB speech coder. The main part of this thesis discusses possible improvements of the detector starting with recent findings in the Adaptive Multirate Narrowband (AMR-NB) algorithm. Based on the limited material used for evaluation in this work the modifications proposed for the AMR-NB VAD showed good results also for AMR- WB. It turned out however that additional modifications should be done in order to ensure reliable detection of high level non-stationary noises. A music hangover solution was also suggested for better handling of music when the suggested modifications are implemented. The solution suggested for reduction of the sensitivity to babble noises offers a compromise between voice activity and speech clipping that can be tuned to desired performance. The results and conclusions in this thesis are based on objective tests of limited material and contain no formal subjective testing. The conclusions should therefore be treated as guidance for further studies but indicates that the solutions proposed will reduce the AMR-WB VADs sensitivity to non- stationary background noises.
The role of CXC chemokines in pulmonary fibrosis (2007)

The CXC chemokine family is a pleiotropic family of cytokines that are involved in promoting the trafficking of various leukocytes, in regulating angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, and in promoting the mobilization and trafficking of mesenchymal progenitor cells such as fibrocytes. These functions of CXC chemokines are important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and other fibroproliferative disorders. In this Review, we discuss the biology of CXC chemokine family members, specifically as it relates to their role in regulating vascular remodeling and trafficking of circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells (also known as fibrocytes) in pulmonary fibrosis.
Optimal pH control of batch processes for production of curdlan by Agrobacterium species (1999)

We sought an optimal pH profile to maximize curdlan production in a batch fermentation of Agrobacterium species. The optimal pH profile was calculated using a gradient iteration algorithm based on the minimum principle of Pontryagin. The model equations describing cell growth and curdlan production were developed as functions of pH, sucrose concentration, and ammonium concentration, since the specific rates of cell growth and curdlan production were highly influenced by those parameters. The pH profile provided the strategy to shift the culture pH from the optimal growth condition (pH 7.0) to the optimal production one (pH 5.5) at the time of ammonium exhaustion. By applying the optimal pH profile in the batch process, we obtained significant improvement in curdlan production (64 g L-1) compared to that of constant pH operation (36 g L-1).
Reactive rotational molding (1980)

Abstract In order to identify the major fluid mechanical effects and catalog their domains of influence, an extensive study of flow behavior of reactive polyester resin systems in uniaxial, horizontal rotating systems has been undertaken. Four general flow phenomena are identified: cascading, where resin is withdrawn from the recirculating pool arid drains back; rimming, where resin is taken around the top of the cylinder by viscous forces; stable hydrocyst formation, where rings of fluid perpendicular to the axis of rotation are formed; and solid body rotation, where the resin on the mold wall is quite uniform and time‐independent. For most flow conditions, the desired region of solid body rotation apparently can be reached only by passing through each of the other flow regimes. Experimental work on polyester resin systems is compared with theoretical studies on flow stability, hydrocyst formation, and withdrawal from quiescent pools, and suitable correlations are developed. It is noted that the current correlations for stable hydrocyst formation are invalid for polyester resins and a simpler correlation is proposed.
A montage method: the overlaying of the computer generated images onto a background photograph (1986)

A system of computer programs has been established to generate high quality montage image of considerable usefulness in architectural simulation which combine computer-generated images and photographed background pictures.Traditionally, there are two methods of creating architectural montages: (1) an artist paints new buildings onto a background scene usually generated photographically, and (2) a three-dimensional scale model is created to simulate the whole landscape, and this model is then photographed. The montage method described here combines aspects of both traditional montage methods with significant improvement in accuracy and reduction of time and cost of preparation. Specifically, a digitized photograph is used as a background scene onto which is superimposed a 3D computer-generated image of a new building. The outstanding points of the new method are:(i) The shading and shadows of each computer generated image are calculated with higher accuracy, (ii) the fog effect is taken into account, and (iii) a new anti-aliasing technique improves the quality of the final montage image.
Mechanism of the ferricyanide-catalyzed chemiluminescence of luminol (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the ferricyanide-catalyzed chemiluminescence of luminolPhilip B. Shevlin and Harold A. NeufeldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 7, 2178–2182Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00832a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00832a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1030Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Segmentation of Right Ventricle in 3D Ultrasound Recordings (2008)

This thesis presents segmentation of the right ventricle of the heart in real-time tracking of 3D ultrasound recordings. A simple deformable model for the right ventricle is developed based on statistical data from manual segmentations, and the model has been tested out in a set of 3D ultrasound recordings and compared to manually segmented right ventricular volumes. The manual segmentation method with volume approximation is also developed. The segmentation tests on the recordings are performed with an already present Kalman filter based real-time contour tracking framework. The ability of the models to fit to the shape of the right ventricle has been evaluated, and the resulting volume curves have been inspected. Deformable models of the right ventricle are constructed by placing nodes in an initial three-dimensional mesh, and subdivision schemes are applied to make smooth surfaces. There have also been experimented with models of different resolutions and initial positions. A background study of right ventricular anatomy, subdivision, model-based segmentation and Kalman filter theory is included, and clinical applications of volume measurements in real-time are suggested. The results of the segmentation are promising, and indicate that models adjust to the right ventricle during the heart beat.
Coherent Detection of Frequency-Hopped Quadrature Modulations in the Presence of Jamming--Part I: QPSK and QASK Modulations (1981)

This paper examines the performance of coherent QPSK and QASK systems combined with FH or FH/PN spread spectrum techniques in the presence of partial-band multitone or noise jamming. The worst-case jammer and worst-case performance are determined as functions of the signal-to-background noise ratio (SNR) and signal-to-jammer power ratio (SJR). Asymptotic results for high SNR are shown to have a linear dependence between the jammer's optimal power allocation and the system error probability performance.
Development of Digital Hearing Aids (1997)

This issue of Trends has attempted to introduce the reader to many of the historical and developmental issues surrounding the digitization of hearing aid devices. The enormous scope of digital processing issues and their interface to otopathologic listeners can only be marginally presented within the page limitations of this paper. Nevertheless, it should be clear that a great deal of effort and expense have preceded the introduction of the first sustainable true digital products which have only recently reached consumer distribution.

Loudness compensation strategies have already evolved to immediate implementation within the current generation of digital products. Field studies in progress will presumably help revise and refine those of future iterations. New processing strategies undoubtedly will evolve in close connection to expanded diagnostic techniques and elaborated understanding of individual processing requirements. Hence, continued research in speech science and auditory pathology will be important components of expanded industry successes. Equally important will be further reductions in the power requirements of processing circuits complemented by simultaneous increases in computational capacity.

Those manufacturers who have already brought digital devices to the hearing impaired community are, of course, to be congratulated. Meanwhile, those professionals involved in the rehabilitative application of new processing technology and hearing-impaired consumers who have long awaited more effective technologies welcome the continued development of this exciting trend in audio enginearing. Genuine progress at the level of user benefits will almost certainly require vigorous efforts in advanced diagnostics and evaluation techniques (Cox, 1993; Byrne, 1996).

M.I.T. professor, Nicholas Negroponte (1995), states categorically, “Being digital is the license to grow.” It is hoped that the reader of this issue of Trends will sense that the economic growth of the hearing aid industry, the growth of the professions that interface with it, and the expansion of improved rehabilitative assistance to the hearing impaired are all inexorably linked to the digital transformation that is now well under way. Many heroic and creative efforts by scientists all over the world formed the developmental foundations of current and future successes. Considerably more research and development will undoubtedly continue to enlarge the benefits and usefulness of DSP hearing aids, but to some extent each new device will contain within them a subtle portion of the many earlier efforts and discarded attempts to grow hearing aid operations into the powerful versatility of “being digital.”
Reflection and Refraction of Mechanical Waves at Solid-Liquid Boundaries (1963)

The energy ratios of reflected and refracted waves to the incident wave at ten liquid-solid boundaries are calculated as a function of the angle of incidence. The influence of the wave velocities in the media and their density on the shape of the curves is discussed.
Preparation of cross-linked dimers of pancreatic ribonuclease (1976)

The cross-linking reaction between diimido esters and ribonuclease has been studied in terms of the yield of cross-linked dimer with optimum activity toward double-stranded RNA. With dimethyl suberimidate the most satisfactory conditions were condensation for 15 min at pH 7.5-8.0 at 21 degrees C with 1.25 mol equiv of the diimido ester and a protein concentration of 6%. The dimer (yield 20%) had 19 unmodified NH2 groups out of a theoretical 20 for a molecule in which two such groups are involved in the cross-linkage; the activity toward poly(A)-poly(U) in 0.14 M salt solution by spectrophotometric assay was 8.5 times that of the monomeric enzyme toward the same substrate.
Tests of related forward-camber airfoils in the variable-density wind tunnel (1937)

"A recent investigation of numerous related airfoils indicated that positions of camber forward of the usual location resulted in an increase of the maximum lift. As an extension of this investigation, a series of forward-camber airfoils has been developed, the members of which show airfoil characteristics superior to those of the airfoils previously investigated. The primary object of this report is to present fully corrected results for airfoils in the useful range of shapes. With the data thus made available, an airplane designer may intelligently choose the best possible airfoil-section shape for a given application and may predict to a reasonable degree the aerodynamic characteristics to be expected in flight from the section shape chosen" (p. 1).