gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclic peptides and depsipeptides from cyanobacteria: A review (1996)

An elaborate array of structurally-novel and biologically-active cyclic peptides and depsipeptides are found in blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). Several of these compounds possess structures that are similar to those of natural products from marine invertebrates. Most of these cyclic peptides and depsipeptides, such as the microcystins and the lyngbyatoxins, will probably only be useful as biochemical research tools. A few, however, have the potential for development into useful commercial products. For example, cryptophycin-1, a novel inhibitor of microtubule assembly from Nostoc sp GSV 224, shows impressive activity against a broad spectrum of solid tumors implanted in mice, including multidrug-resistant ones, and majusculamide C, a microfilament-depolymerizing agent from Lyngbya majuscula, shows potent fungicidal activity and may have use in the treatment of resistant fungal-induced diseases of domestic plants and agricultural crops.
Construction of Influenza Virus siRNA Expression Vectors and Their Inhibitory Effects on Multiplication of Influenza Virus (2005)

Three plasmid constructs were prepared that express small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted to sequences encoding the ribonucleoprotein member, nucleoprotein (NP) and/or PA, of influenza virus genome. The antiviral properties of siRNAs against the H5N1 strain of influenza virus were studied by evaluating their capacity to silence expression of target genes as well as their effect on influenza virus-induced apoptosis in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, chicken embryo fibroblast cells, and embryonated chicken eggs in a transient replication model. The results demonstrated that all three siRNAs expressing plasmids efficiently transcribed the short hairpin RNAs and inhibited expression of the NP or PA proteins measured by northern blot and western blot analyses, respectively, in the transfected cells. We also found that the integrated siRNA expression plasmid pEGFP/NP+PA, which we constructed for the first time to synchronously target NP and PA segments of the influenza virus genome, could more efficiently inhibit synthesis of influenza virus detected by cytopathogenic effects, hemagglutinin, and plaque-forming unit assays in the transfected cells. Furthermore, the integrated siRNA expression plasmid pEGFP/NP+PA could remarkably interrupt the cellular apoptotic course caused by influenza virus, which protected infected cells from apoptotic damage. In contrast, a control siRNA expression plasmid, pEGFP/HK, could neither inhibit the protein expression and production of influenza virus nor interrupt the cell apoptotic course mediated by influenza virus. These results demonstrate that RNA interference (RNAi) can be used to inhibit protein expression and replication of influenza virus and that RNAi treatment holds potential as a new approach to prevent avian influenza.
Resurgent Tuberculosis in New York City: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Homelessness, and the Decline of Tuberculosis Control Programs (1991)

The resurgence of tuberculosis in New York City has been largely attributed to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. However, historical events predating the advent of AIDS and worsening economic and social conditions, including a rise in homelessness, have contributed significantly to the increase. We prospectively studied 224 consecutive patients with tuberculosis admitted to a large public hospital in New York over the first 9 months of 1988. Initial assessment included medical status, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk factors, and detailed social information, including substance abuse history and housing status. All patients were tracked after discharge to determine compliance and cure rates. Tuberculosis patients were predominantly male (79%), with high rates of alcohol use (53%), intravenous drug and/or "crack" cocaine use (64%), and homelessness or unstable housing (68%). Half the patients had AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) or were HIV antibody positive. A total of 178 patients were discharged on tuberculosis treatment, but 89% of these were lost to follow-up and failed to complete therapy. Of the 178 discharged patients, 48(27%) were readmitted within 12 months with confirmed active tuberculosis. Of these patients, 40 were discharged on treatment and at least 35 were again lost to follow-up. In a multivariate regression model noncompliance was significantly associated with the absence of AIDS or ARC (p less than 0.001), homelessness (p less than 0.005), and alcoholism (p less than 0.05). Because HIV infection and tuberculosis converge in a subpopulation with high rates of substance abuse and homelessness, the problem of ensuring treatment compliance may grow considerably in the future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Advances in the pathologic staging of lung cancer: detection of regional and systemic occult metastases. (1996)

Approximately 78% of lung carcinomas would be potentially curable by surgery if they were detected early enough. Thus, the most important factor in predicting outcome and defining therapy is the stage of the disease. This chapter discusses the TNM (primary tumor/nodal involvement/distant metastasis) staging system for lung cancer as well as lymph node and bone marrow micrometastasis status.
Physical and Emotional Predictors of Depression After Radical Prostatectomy (2008)

Radical prostatectomy commonly results in urinary, sexual, and bowel dysfunction that bothers men and may lead to depressive symptomatology (hereafter depression) that occurs at a rate 4 times greater for men with prostate cancer than healthy counterparts. The purpose of this study was to assess depressive symptoms in men shortly after radical prostatectomy and to identify associated risk factors. Seventy-two men were interviewed 6 weeks after surgery. Measured were depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), self-efficacy (Stanford Inventory of Cancer Patient Adjustment), social support (Modified Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors), physical and emotional factors (UCLA Prostate Cancer Index), and social function (SF-36 subscale). Results indicate that men with high self-efficacy and less sexual bother were 45% and 55% less likely to have depressive symptoms, respectively. Findings from this study add to the limited amount of information on the complex relationship between prostate cancer treatment and depression in men.
Cognitive Developmental Robotics: A Survey (2009)

Cognitive developmental robotics (CDR) aims to provide new understanding of how human's higher cognitive functions develop by means of a synthetic approach that developmentally constructs cognitive functions. The core idea of CDR is ldquophysical embodimentrdquo that enables information structuring through interactions with the environment, including other agents. The idea is shaped based on the hypothesized development model of human cognitive functions from body representation to social behavior. Along with the model, studies of CDR and related works are introduced, and discussion on the model and future issues are argued.
Isolation and characterization of DNA sequences that are specifically bound by wild-type p53 protein. (1993)

Wild-type p53 was shown to function as a transcription factor. The N-terminal region of the protein contains the transcription activation domain, while the C terminus is responsible for DNA binding. Localization of the DNA-binding domain of the p53 protein to the highly conserved carboxy-terminal region suggests that the interaction of p53 with DNA is important for its function. We have developed a strategy for studying the DNA sequence specificity of p53-DNA binding that is based on random sequence selection. We report here on the isolation of murine genomic DNA clones that are specifically bound by the wild-type p53 protein but are not bound by mutant p53 protein forms. The isolated p53 target gene contains the unique DNA-binding sequence GACACTGGTCACACTTGGCTGCTTAGGAAT. This fragment exhibits promoter activity as measured by its capacity to activate transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. Our results suggest that p53 directly binds DNA and functions as a typical transcription factor.
Osmionic Demineralization (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOsmionic DemineralizationGeorge W. MurphyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1958, 50, 8, 1181–1188Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50584a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Phase Transformation of Biphasic Cu<sub>2</sub>S−CuInS<sub>2</sub> to Monophasic CuInS<sub>2</sub> Nanorods (2009)

We synthesized wurtzite CuInS(2) nanorods (NRs) by colloidal solution-phase growth. We discovered that the growth process starts with nucleation of Cu(2)S nanodisks, followed by epitaxial overgrowth of CuInS(2) NRs onto only one face of Cu(2)S nanodisks, resulting in biphasic Cu(2)S-CISu heterostructured NRs. The phase transformation of biphasic Cu(2)S-CuInS(2) into monophasic CuInS(2) NRs occurred with growth progression. The observed epitaxial overgrowth and phase transformation is facile for three reasons. First, the sharing of the sulfur sublattice by the hexagonal chalcocite Cu(2)S and wurtzite CuInS(2) minimizes the lattice distortion. Second, Cu(2)S is in a superionic conducting state at the growth temperature of 250 degrees C wherein the copper ions move fluidly. Third, the size of the Cu(2)S nanodisks is small, resulting in fast phase transformation. Our results provide valuable insight into the controlled solution growth of ternary chalcogenide nanoparticles and will aid in the development of solar cells using ternary I-III-VI(2) semiconductors.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Importance of Intermediate N2O + CO Reaction in Overall NO + CO Reaction System. Part 2. Further Analysis and Experimental Observations. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A DC technique for determining GaAs MESFET thermal resistance (1989)

A novel DC electrical method (DCEM) for measuring the thermal resistance of GaAs MESFETs using the temperature dependence of the gate metal resistivity is described. The method requires a DC current to be passed (end-to-end) through the gate stripe to monitor the average temperature of the channel. The DCEM can measure the average thermal resistance over the entire operating range of a Schottky-gate MESFET using only DC measuring instruments. An example is given showing the thermal resistance of an ion-implanted 0.5- mu m GaAs MESFET as a function of DC power dissipation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BDNF-induced recruitment of TrkB receptor into neuronal lipid rafts (2004)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in synaptic plasticity but the underlying signaling mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that BDNF rapidly recruits full-length TrkB (TrkB-FL) receptor into cholesterol-rich lipid rafts from nonraft regions of neuronal plasma membranes. Translocation of TrkB-FL was blocked by Trk inhibitors, suggesting a role of TrkB tyrosine kinase in the translocation. Disruption of lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol from cell surface blocked the ligand-induced translocation. Moreover, disruption of lipid rafts prevented potentiating effects of BDNF on transmitter release in cultured neurons and synaptic response to tetanus in hippocampal slices. In contrast, lipid rafts are not required for BDNF regulation of neuronal survival. Thus, ligand-induced TrkB translocation into lipid rafts may represent a signaling mechanism selective for synaptic modulation by BDNF in the central nervous system.
A system for large-scale analysis of distributed cameras (2014)

Thousands of cameras are connected to the Internet providing streaming data (videos or periodic images). The images contain information that can be used to determine the scene contents such as traffic, weather, and the environment. Analyzing the data from these cameras presents many challenges, such as (i) retrieving data from geographically distributed and heterogeneous cameras, (ii) providing a software environment for users to simultaneously analyze large amounts of data from the cameras, (iii) allocating and managing computation and storage resources. This paper presents a system designed to address these challenges. The system enables users to execute image analysis and computer vision techniques on a large scale with only slight changes to the existing methods. It currently includes more than 65,000 cameras deployed worldwide. Users can select cameras for the types of analysis they can do. The system allocates Amazon EC2 and Windows Azure cloud instances for executing the analysis. Our experiments demonstrate that this system can be used for a variety of image analysis techniques (e.g. motion analysis and human detection) using 2.7 million images from 1274 cameras for three hours using 15 cloud instances to analyze 141 GB of images (at 107 Mbps).
Syntheses of DL-α-Lipoic Acid (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of DL-α-Lipoic AcidQuentin F. Soper, Walter E. Buting, James E. Cochran Jr., and Albert PohlandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 16, 4109–4112Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01645a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (517 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A comparative study of walking-induced dust resuspension using a consistent test mechanism (2014)

The results from this study validate the recommendation that people sensitive to allergens could select hard floorings to reduce exposure and related adverse health outcomes. The results can also be applied to exposure models to determine the overall impact of exposure to resuspension as compared with other particle sources.
Phosphorothioate‐modified <scp>C</scp>p<scp>G</scp> oligodeoxynucleotides mimic autoantigens and reveal a potential role for <scp>T</scp>oll‐like receptor 9 in receptor revision (2013)

Re-expression of recombinase activating genes (RAG) in mature B cells may support autoreactivity by enabling revision of the B-cell receptor (BCR). Recent reports suggest that administration of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) -stimulating CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) could trigger the manifestation of autoimmune disease and that TLR are involved in the selection processes eliminating autoreactive BCR. The mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. This prompted us to ask, whether TLR9 could be involved in receptor revision. We found that phosphorothioate-modified CpG ODN (CpG(PTO)) induced expression of Ku70 and re-expression of RAG-1 in human peripheral blood B lymphocytes and Igλ expression in sorted Igκ(+) B cells. Further results revealed unselective binding specificity of CpG(PTO) -induced immunoglobulin and suggested that CpG(PTO) engage and/or mimic IgM receptor signalling, an important prerequisite for the initialization of receptor editing or revision. Altogether, our data describe a potential role for TLR9 in receptor revision and suggest that CpG(PTO) could mimic chromatin-bearing autoantigens by simultaneously engaging the BCR and TLR9 on IgM(+) B cells.
Heparin: An Old Drug with a New Paradigm (1979)

Recent studies have shown that heparin is a biochemical representative of a distinct class of compounds known as linear anionic polyelectrolytes. Members of this class are mixtures of individual highly negatively charged chains that show a wide spectrum of specific reactions with biologically active proteins. Upon administration, heparin chains enter a cellular pool and effectively prevent thrombosis by increasing the electronegative potential of the vessel wall. Anticoagulant activity is an unusual feature of a few heparin chains and appears to play a minor role in many clinical uses and in physiological and pathological responses.
An Intrusion Tolerance Approach to Enhance Single Sign on Server Protection (2010)

Modern IT systems have evolved into complex distributed systems that support thousands of users, with each user requiring access to several applications. Single sign on (SSO) provides a convenient facility for managing user authentication such that a user only logs into a system once in order to gain access to many protected applications. For this reason it becomes vitally important to secure the SSO server. If an SSO server is compromised, it could potentially put many applications at risk at the same time. The current Intrusion Detection and Prevention systems have proven to be inadequate because the “bad guys” are always one step ahead. In this paper we present a new and innovative approach to SSO server security called “Self-Cleansing Intrusion Tolerance SSO” (SCIT). SCIT shifts the focus from detection and prevention to containing losses, by reducing the exposure time of the servers. Specifically, we present the results of an evaluation of the performance of a SCIT-ized SSO server. In this way we increase the dependability of the server and provide a new way to balance the trade-off between security and availability. We will show that SCIT provides increased security with little degradation in overall response time of the system.
Structure of Thaumatin-Like Protein was Predicted and Analysis by Bioinformatics Methods (2008)

The secondary and tertiary structure of thaumatin protein was predicted by bioinformatics methods from the basic DNA sequence, hydrophobicity, transmembrane domain of PR protein. The thaumatin protein, as a member of plant PR protein, reported by several plant species of wheat, rice and Arabidopsis, this protein exhibits an important effect for plant resistant reaction. Using bioinformatics analysis of resource category gene function of like-thaumatin protein, to study protein structure and inherent Resistance relations, to clone the full- length of a differentially expressed cDNA fragment, wheat and others 56 thaumatin-like protein, and study its biological function tentatively for plant disease resistance mechanisms like- thaumatin protein mechanism. A combination of bioinformatics methods of prediction of pathogenesis-related Proteins in higher plants, and then combining the experiment demonstrated will be of great theoretical and scientific value. We have developed an algorithm called consensus that consistently provides a high quality alignment for comparative modeling.
Subject Guides: COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease) Resources: COVID-19 SA Dashboard (2020)

A guide for updates, information, and scholarly content about the coronavirus outbreak. For personal health questions, please contact your primary care doctor. Maintained by the Data Science for Social Impact Research Group @ University of Pretoria
PPP Over FUNI (1998)

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Current concepts in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (2004)

Progress in allogeneic SCT will depend on several factors including the advances in the conventional treatment of diseases treated currently with allogeneic SCT, the expansion of the donor pool, the selective control of GVHD, the development of more effective and less toxic preparative regimens to eradicate the neoplastic cell population, the characterization of a new generation of hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines and the development of newer and safer techniques for ex-vivo manipulation of stem cells. The use of hematopoietic growth factor-mobilized donor progenitor cells collected from the peripheral blood has been associated with a rapid hematopoietic engraftment without an increase in the incidence of acute GVHD compared to allogeneic BMT, an increased donor acceptance, elimination of the risk of general anesthesia and a decreased cost. The use of nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens prior to SCT represents a novel treatment approach that may lead to reduced toxicity and an extended use of this treatment in older patients and those with co-morbid conditions and in the treatment of malignant and non-malignant disorders. This approach may play a role in inducing tolerance for solid organ transplantation and in utilizing the GVM effect to treat solid tumors that are not fully responsive to myeloablative cytotoxic regimens. The optimal intensity of cytoreduction and immunosuppression is not well defined. GVHD and disease recurrence remain a challenge. Promising results have been reported in patients with refractory hematologic malignancies as well as in metastatic renal cell cancer, but the ultimate role of this treatment modality remains to be defined pending prospective, well designed, randomized trials.
Distributed feedback lasers with distributed phase-shift structure (1992)

Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers with distributed phase-shift (DPS) structures are suggested for reducing the spatial hole burning in conventional phase-shifted DFB lasers. Solving the coupled-mode equations subject to suitable boundary conditions, we have determined the threshold gain condition of a symmetric distributed phase-shift distributed feedback (DPSDFB) laser as well as the internal photon intensity distribution. The results show that by distributing the phase shift to a greater extent, the spatial hole burning can be reduced significantly and a large threshold gain difference between lowest gain oscillation modes can be maintained over a large phase-shift range. Moreover, a properly designed DPSDFB laser does not pose extra requirements on its fabrication.