gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Genetic Algorithm As Applied to the Jobshop Scheduling (1991)

The genetic algorithm (GA) is a method for approximate optimization simulating the process of natural evolution, and it has been successfully applied to several optimization problems, such as traveling salesman problems and pattern recognition problems, which are difficult to solve exactly by conventional methods of the mathematical programming. However, few researches have been reported on application of GA to scheduling problems.This paper proposes a GA for jobshop scheduling problems. The Keynote points of our algorithm are how to represent individuals and how to calculate the fitness of each individual. The genetic operators are standard ones, e.g., a pure selection, a 2-point crossover and a mutation.In the paper, we confirm effectiveness of our GA through several computational experiments where its ability in computational time and quality of obtained solutions are compared with those of a branch-and-bound method and some typical heuristics.
Thermochemical Cycles for High-Temperature Solar Hydrogen Production (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermochemical Cycles for High-Temperature Solar Hydrogen ProductionTatsuya Kodama and Nobuyuki GokonView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-nocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 10, 4048–4077Publication Date (Web):October 10, 2007Publication History Received8 March 2007Published online10 October 2007Published inissue 1 October 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr050188ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr050188aresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7739Altmetric-Citations459LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrogen,Hydrolysis,Oxides,Redox reactions,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
An 820 pin PGA for ultralarge-scale BiCMOS devices (1993)

A high-pin-count, high-performance pin grid array (PGA) has been developed for future ASIC devices using half-micron BiCMOS technology and having a maximum usable gate count of 300k. The package has been designed with due consideration of all package functions, electrical, thermal, and mechanical. A surface mount type pin joint was adopted to realize high wiring density on the printed wiring board. The package has 820 pins with a 50-mil pitch and five rows. A highly accurate tape automated bonding (TAB) technology was applied to the die assembly to achieve narrow pitch and high pad count for the bonding between the die and the package. The thermal resistance from the die to the ambient is lower than 1.5 degrees C/W at 1 m/s air flow velocity. The electrical parameters of the package were quantified. The high reliability of the package and surface mount type soldering has been confirmed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic 4D segmentation of the left ventricle in cardiac-CT data (2007)

The manual segmentation and analysis of 4D high resolution multi slice cardiac CT datasets is both labor intensive and time consuming. Therefore, it is necessary to supply the cardiologist with powerful software tools, to segment the myocardium and the cardiac cavities in all cardiac phases and to compute the relevant diagnostic parameters. In recent years there have been several publications concerning the segmentation and analysis of the left ventricle (LV) and myocardium for a single phase or for the diagnostically most relevant phases, the enddiastole (ED) and the endsystole (ES). However, for a complete diagnosis and especially of wall motion abnormalities, it is necessary to analyze not only the motion endpoints ED and ES, but also all phases in-between. In this paper a novel approach for the 4D segmentation of the left ventricle in cardiac-CT-data is presented. The segmentation of the 4D data is divided into a first part, which segments the motion endpoints of the cardiac cycle ED and ES and a second part, which segments all phases in-between. The first part is based on a bi-temporal statistical shape model of the left ventricle. The second part uses a novel approach based on the individual volume curve for the interpolation between ED and ES and afterwards an active contour algorithm for the final segmentation. The volume curve based interpolation step allows the constraint of the subsequent segmentation of the phases between ED and ES to very small search-intervals, hence makes the segmentation process faster and more robust.
A Novel Channel Estimation Method Using Virtual Pilots in MIMO OFDM Systems (2008)

To improve the performance of the optimal pilot sequences over multiple OFDM symbols in fast time-varying channels, this letter proposes a novel channel estimation method using virtual pilot tones in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Assuming that the superimposed virtual pilot tones at the data locations over the specific sub-carriers are transmitted from all transmit antennas, the corresponding virtual received pilot signals at the same locations are obtained from the neighboring real received pilot signals over the same sub-carriers by Wiener filter. Based on the least squares (LS) channel estimation, the channel parameters can be obtained from the combination of the virtual and real received pilot signals over one OFDM symbol. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation method greatly outperforms the previous method for the optimal pilot sequences over multiple OFDM symbols in fast time-varying channels, as well as approaches the method for the comb-type optimal pilot sequences in performance.
Increased chondrocyte adhesion on nanotubular anodized titanium (2008)

Previous studies have demonstrated increased osteoblast (bone-forming cells) functions (including adhesion, synthesis of intracellular collagen, alkaline phosphatase activity, and deposition of calcium-containing minerals) on titanium anodized to possess nanometer features compared with their unanodized counterparts. Such titanium materials were anodized to possess novel nanotubes also capable of drug delivery. Since titanium has not only experienced wide spread commercial use in orthopedic but also in cartilage applications, the objective of the present in vitro study was for the first time to investigate chondrocyte (cartilage synthesizing cells) functions on titanium anodized to possess nanotubes. For this purpose, titanium was anodized in dilute hydrofluoric acid at 20 V for 20 min. Results showed increased chondrocyte adhesion on anodized titanium with nanotube structures compared with unanodized titanium. Importantly, the present study also provided evidence why. Since material characterization studies revealed significantly greater nanometer roughness and similar chemistry as well as crystallinity between nanotubular anodized and unanodized titanium, the results of the present study highlight the importance of the nanometer roughness provided by anodized nanotubes on titanium for enhancing chondrocyte adhesion. In this manner, the results of the present in vitro study indicated that anodization might be a promising quick and inexpensive method to modify the surface of titanium-based implants to induce better chondrocyte adhesion for cartilage applications.
Chromatin Loading of E2F-MLL Complex by Cancer-Associated Coregulator ANCCA via Reading a Specific Histone Mark (2010)

Histone modifications are regarded as the carrier of epigenetic memory through cell divisions. How the marks facilitate cell cycle-dependent gene expression is poorly understood. The evolutionarily conserved AAA ATPase ANCCA (AAA nuclear coregulator cancer-associated protein)/ATAD2 was identified as a direct target of oncogene AIB1/ACTR/SRC-3 and a transcriptional coregulator for estrogen and androgen receptors and is strongly implicated in tumorigenesis. We report here that ANCCA directly interacts with E2F1 to E2F3 and that its N terminus interacts with both the N and C termini of E2F1. ANCCA preferentially associates via its bromodomain with H3 acetylated at lysine 14 (H3K14ac) and is required for key cell cycle gene expression and cancer cell proliferation. ANCCA associates with chromosomes at late mitosis, and its occupancy at E2F targets peaks at the G(1)-to-S transition. Strikingly, ANCCA is required for recruitment of specific E2Fs to their targets and chromatin assembly of the host cell factor 1 (HCF-1)-MLL histone methyltransferase complex. ANCCA depletion results in a marked decrease of the gene activation-linked H3K4me3 mark. Bromodomain mutations disable ANCCA function as an E2F coactivator and its ability to promote cancer cell proliferation, while ANCCA overexpression in tumors correlates with tumor growth. Together, these results suggest that ANCCA acts as a pioneer factor in E2F-dependent gene activation and that a novel mechanism involving ANCCA bromodomain may contribute to cancer cell proliferation.
An <i>in vitro</i> comparison of the erbium: YAG laser and the carbon dioxide laser in laryngeal surgery (1993)

This study compares the relative thermal damage caused by a surgical CO2 laser and the Erbium:YAG laser when used to incise the human vocal fold in vitro. Results show that charring is completely eliminated when using the Erbium:YAG laser. The depth of coagulative necrosis adjacent to an incision is reduced from 510 microns (+/- 75) using the CO2 laser to 23 microns (+/- 12) using the Ebrium:YAG laser and at the base is reduced from 125 microns (+/- 45) using the CO2 laser to 12 microns (+/- 8) using the Erbium:YAG laser. The potential advantages regarding post-operative healing after laryngeal surgery are discussed.
Crystallization of Celecoxib in Microemulsion Media (2007)

Celecoxib belongs to a new NSAID family specifically inhibiting cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). The present formulations require high dosage since the transmembrane transport fluctuates and is very difficult to control. We solubilized celecoxib in micelles of nonionic microemulsions and hydrophilic surfactant. The supersaturated solubilized drug was precipitated from the nano‐droplets to form a new solid structure with improved dissolution properties. The selected microemulsion systems loaded with celecoxib were characterized by SAXS, SD‐NMR, viscosity, and electrical conductivity techniques. Precipitation was conducted from W/O as well as from O/W U‐type microemulsions. The crystals obtained by the precipitation were characterized by x‐ray powder scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR measurements, and microscopic scans.
Nitriding Reaction of Titanium by Nitrogen Plasma Jet (1973)

The reaction between titanium and the nitrogen plasma jet was studied The concentration of nitrogen in the product was measured by an X-ray emission analyser The intensity of NK1ine gradually decreased with increasing distance from the surface The relatioa between the intensity of NK1ine and the distance from the surface is similar to the penetration curve In the nitriding reaction of molten titanium by the nitrogen plasma jetthe diffusion of nitrogen in the melt may mainly control the rate determining stage The apparent diffusion constant is determined from the penetra tion curve by the Ficks second law The apparent diffusion constant of nhrogen in molten titanium obtained were10 -10-8cm2sec These values are very Iarger than that of nitrogen in solid titanium
Characterization of micro‐cell discharge in AC‐PDPs by spatio‐temporal optical emission spectroscopy (2000)

Abstract— We have developed highly resolved spatio‐temporal optical emission spectroscopy to investigate the discharge characteristics of coplanar type ac plasma‐display panels (AC‐PDPs). Spatio‐temporal emission profiles were measured for relevant lines of atomic He, Ne, Xe, and ionic Xe in He‐Xe and Ne‐Xe systems with various Xe concentrations and total gas pressures. The surface‐discharge behavior in coplanar PDPs has been clarified.
Finding Extremal Polygons (1985)

Given n points in the plane, we present algorithms for finding maximum perimeter or area convex k-gons with vertices k of the given n points. Our algorithms work in linear space and time $O(kn\lg n + n\lg ^2 n)$. For the special case $k = 3$ we give $O(n\lg n)$ algorithms for these problems. Several related issues are discussed.
Software-Based Self-Testing of Symmetric Shared-Memory Multiprocessors (2009)

Software-based or instruction-based self-testing has recently emerged as an effective alternative for the manufacturing and online testing of microprocessors, and is progressively adopted by major microprocessor manufacturers mainly as a supplement to other mature and well-established testing approaches to reach higher test quality. Thus far, software-based self-test approaches presented in the literature have focused almost exclusively on uniprocessors. With the continuing prevalence of multiprocessors, the focus of such research approaches moves from the uniprocessor to the multiprocessor case. In this paper, we study the application of software-based self-testing on symmetric shared-memory multiprocessors (SMP) considering the most common interconnection architectures, shared bus and crossbar switch. We focus on the impact of the shared-memory system architecture, the cache coherence mechanisms, and the interconnection architecture on the execution time of self-test programs running on each separate core and exploit the SMP's parallelism during testing to reduce the test execution time. We propose a generic methodology that allocates the test programs and test responses into the shared on-chip memory and schedules the test routines among the cores aiming at the reduction of the total test application time, and thus, test cost, for the SMP, by increasing the execution parallelism and reducing both bus contentions and data cache invalidations. We demonstrate the proposed solutions with detailed experiments on several two-core, four-core, and eight-core SMP benchmarks based on a popular RISC benchmark processor using both the shared bus and the crossbar switch interconnection architectures.
Detection of environmental estrogenicity using transgenic medaka hatchlings (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) expressing the GFP-tagged choriogenin L Gene (2008)

The discharge of environmental estrogenic substances into the environment has an adverse effect on human and wildlife, especially aquatic organisms. Therefore, a simple, practical and sensitive method of detecting environmental estrogenicity is required. Previously, we established a transgenic medaka (Oryzias latipes) strain harboring choriogenin L (ChgL) tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP), which is expressed in the liver in response to estrogen (E2). This strain of medaka could be a very useful tool in detecting aquatic estrogenicity. The appropriate conditions for analysis of estrogenicity were determined at various E2 concentrations, exposure periods and the developmental stages of medaka hatchlings. Furthermore, the relationship between E2 concentrations and GFP fluorescence intensity was investigated. It was found that fluorescence intensity of GFP depends largely on E2 concentration, exposure time and developmental stage. Hatchling at 4-day post-hatch (DPH) showed optimum conditions for exposure to E2 with optimum GFP intensity at 9 DPH. Additionally, the exposure period was optimized so that exposure from 4 DPH for 5 days showed a significant change in GFP intensity. E2 concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 ng/L were used, with 25 ng/L showing a clear increase in GFP intensity at day 6 of exposure. The sensitivity of vitellogenin (Vtg) induction was also examined by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using whole-body homogenates of E2-exposed (0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 ng/L) juvenile medaka. Vitellogenin induction, as determined by Western blot, was found in those juveniles exposed to E2 at a concentration of 100 ng/L. Whereas, Vtg induction was detected by ELISA from juveniles exposed to 12.5 ng/L of E2. The results suggest that ChgL-GFP transgenic medaka could be a simple and practical tool in detecting environmental estrogenicity considering the actual concentrations of estrogenic activity in contaminated and/or wastewater.
Mechanisms of Persistent NF-κB Activity in the Bronchi of an Animal Model of Asthma (2000)

In most cells trans-activating NF-kappaB induces many inflammatory proteins as well as its own inhibitor, IkappaB-alpha, thus assuring a transient response upon stimulation. However, NF-kappaB-dependent inflammatory gene expression is persistent in asthmatic bronchi, even after allergen eviction. In the present report we used bronchial brushing samples (BBSs) from heaves-affected horses (a spontaneous model of asthma) to elucidate the mechanisms by which NF-kappaB activity is maintained in asthmatic airways. NF-kappaB activity was high in granulocytic and nongranulocytic BBS cells. However, NF-kappaB activity highly correlated to granulocyte percentage and was only abrogated after granulocytic death in cultured BBSs. Before granulocytic death, NF-kappaB activity was suppressed by simultaneous addition of neutralizing anti-IL-1beta and anti-TNF-alpha Abs to the medium of cultured BBSs. Surprisingly, IkappaB-beta, whose expression is not regulated by NF-kappaB, unlike IkappaB-alpha, was the most prominent NF-kappaB inhibitor found in BBSs. The amounts of IkappaB-beta were low in BBSs obtained from diseased horses, but drastically increased after addition of the neutralizing anti-IL-1beta and anti-TNF-alpha Abs. These results indicate that sustained NF-kappaB activation in asthmatic bronchi is driven by granulocytes and is mediated by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Moreover, an imbalance between high levels of IL-1beta- and TNF-alpha-mediated IkappaB-beta degradation and low levels of IkappaB-beta synthesis is likely to be the mechanism preventing NF-kappaB deactivation in asthmatic airways before granulocytic death.
Fluorometric Identification of 5-Methylcytosine Modification in DNA: Combination of Photosensitized Oxidation and Invasive Cleavage (2007)

An efficient fluorometric detection system of DNA methylation has been developed by a combination of a photooxidative DNA cleavage reaction with 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) chromophore and an invasive cleavage reaction with human Flap endonuclease-1. Enzymatic treatment of a mixture of photochemically fragmented target oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) at 5-methylcytosine mC) and hairpin-like probe oligomer possessing a fluorophore (F) and a quencher (D) resulted in a dramatic enhancement of fluorescence. In contrast, fluorescence emission for the ODN containing cytosine but not mC at the target sequence was extremely weak. In addition, by monitoring the fluorescence change, this system allows for the detection of mC in DNA at subfemtomole amounts. This system would provide a highly sensitive protocol for determining the methylation status in DNA by fluorescence emission.
Metal and light free “click” hydrogels for prevention of post-operative peritoneal adhesions (2013)

This study presented a facile method to prepare two PEG derivatives with multi-thiols or multi-enes by polycondensation on a large scale using scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sc(OTf)3) as highly efficient and chemoselective catalyst. A novel type of biodegradable and biocompatible PEG hydrogel was easily obtained through the thiol–ene “click” reaction under physiological conditions. 1H NMR spectra and GPC were used to characterize the chemical compositions and molecular weights of the two PEG derivatives. FT-IR and rheological experiments were used to investigate the gelation behavior of the PEG hydrogel. Degradation studies revealed a precursor concentration-dependent degradation behavior of the resultant PEG hydrogel. In vitro cell viability assay showed the excellent biocompatibility of the two precursors and also the resultant hydrogel. Furthermore, the rat model of abdominal sidewall defect-cecum abrasion suggested that the PEG hydrogel developed in the present study is a promising physical barrier for the prevention of post-operative peritoneal adhesion.
Sol−Gel Replication of Microoptical Elements and Arrays (1997)

Facile replication of microoptical elements and arrays was performed in sol−gel matrixes prepared by the fast sol−gel method. These sol−gel resins, made from mixtures of alkylalkoxysilane monomers, undergo hydrolysis and polymerization within 10−20 min and curing within a few days. Single-step reproducible fabrication of large crack-free elements of 1 cm thickness and up to 10 cm in diameter was demonstrated. High accuracy of replication was facilitated by maintaining a very small shrinkage of only a few percent during the curing stage. This was attained by removing most of the volatile products from the sol, without gelling, prior to casting it onto the template. Accurate replication depends on adequate control of two key parameters: the replica-template adhesion-separation timing, by manipulating the template surface via oxidative etching, and the drying-cross-linking relative pace, by accurately tailoring the silanes mixture, the water-to-silane ratio, and their hydrolysis and polymerization.
Dual-Channel Method for Interference-Free In-Channel Amperometric Detection in Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis (2007)

A novel in-channel amperometric detection method for microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been developed to avoid the interference from applied potential used in the CE separation. Instead of a single separation channel as in conventional CE microchips, we use a dual-channel configuration consisting of two different parallel separation and reference channels. A working electrode (WE) and a reference electrode (RE) are placed equally at a distance 200 microm from its outlet on each channel. Running buffer flows through the reference channel. Our dual-channel CE microchips consist of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) upper plate and a glass lower plate to form a PDMS/glass hybrid chip. Amperometric signals are measured without any potential shift and interference from the applied CE potential, and CE separation maintains its high resolution because this in-channel configuration does not allow additional band broadening that is notorious in end-channel and off-channel configurations. The high performance of this new in-channel electrochemical detection methodology for CE has been demonstrated by analyzing a mixture of electrochemically active biomolecules: dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, and catechol. We have achieved a 0.1 pA detectability from the analysis of DA, which corresponds to a 1.8 nM concentration.