gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of First Heart Field-like Cardiac Progenitors and Ventricular-like Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2018)

The generation of large amounts of functional human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiac progenitors and cardiomyocytes of defined heart field origin is a pre-requisite for cell-based cardiac therapies and disease modeling. We have recently shown that Id genes are both necessary and sufficient to specify first heart field progenitors during vertebrate development. This differentiation protocol leverages these findings and uses Id1 overexpression in combination with Activin A as potent specifying cues to produce first heart field-like (FHF-L) progenitors. Importantly, resulting progenitors efficiently differentiate (~70-90%) into ventricular-like cardiomyocytes. Here we describe a detailed method to 1) generate Id1-overexpressing hPSCs and 2) differentiate scalable quantities of cryopreservable FHF-L progenitors and ventricular-like cardiomyocytes.
Analysis of Friction Characteristics on Human Fingers (1996)

In many cases of human hand tasks, grasping and manipulation of objects are most basic motions. However, the physical characteristics of human finger on grasping motions have not yet been sufficiently clarified. For example, the friction effect which is an important characteristic on grasping motions have been hardly investigated. In this study, we pay attention to friction between a finger and an object. At first, we develop a system to measure the friction of fingers. Next, basing on the experimental results obtained from the developed measurement system, we propose a new model of the maximum static friction force of human fingers. Also, we have found out that the friction forces are changed depending on the directions of tangential forces. Finally, we realize a finger tip which is made of silicone rubber and whose characteristics are similar to human fingers.
On the size effect in nanocrystalline cerium dioxide: Is the Tsunekawa model correct? (2014)

Nanocrystalline cerium-dioxide samples with different coherent-scattering region sizes are analyzed by advanced techniques, specifically, small-angle neutron scattering, X-ray and neutron diffraction, and spectrometry of the chemical shift in the characteristic X-ray lines. The obtained data confirm the presence of the size effect, i.e., the dependence of lattice constants on the size of coherent-scattering regions. Meanwhile, no traces of oxygen nonstoichiometry and a related deviation in the effective degree of cerium oxidation from the standard value are found. The results obtained call into question the Tsunekawa model traditionally used to explain the size effect in this compound.
Macrophages and age-dependent resistance to hepatitis induced by herpes simplex virus type 2 im mice (1978)

An age-dependent increase in the resistance of BALB/c mice to induction of focal necrotic hepatitis by herpes simplex virus type 2 was demonstrated. In 3-week-old mice inoculated intraperitoneally with virus, numerous necrotic foci developed in the liver. As the mice matured, the number of lesions declined until the age of 8 weeks, when no further increase in resistance appeared. Corresponding to this, the virus titers of livers and spleens of 3-week-old mice were higher than in 8-week-old animals throughout the infection, and the infection was apparently terminated in these organs of the adult mice by day 5. In vitro infection of peritoneal macrophages from 3-week-old and 8-week-old mice showed that this age-related resistance was concomitant with an increased restriction of virus replication in peritoneal macrophages from adult mice. Since, furthermore, the resistance of adult mice could be abolished by intravenous inoculation of the macrophage-toxic agent silica before infection, and since adoptive transfer of 2 X 10(6) syngeneic macrophages from adult mice to young ones conferred to the latter a resistance comparable to that of the adult mice, it is concluded that macrophage maturation is responsible for the age-dependent resistance seen in this infection.
The role of crystal polarity in alpha-amino acid crystals for induced nucleation of ice (1992)

The hydrophobic faces of single crystals of a series of pairs of racemic and chiral-resolved hydrophobic alpha-amino acids were used as a substrate, onto which water vapor has been cooled to freezing. The morphologies and molecular packing arrangements within each crystal pair are similar but only one of each pair exhibits a polar axis, parallel to the hydrophobic face exposed to water. Those crystals that have a polar axis induce a freezing point higher by 4 degrees to 5 degrees C than the corresponding crystals that do not have a polar axis. The results are interpreted in terms of an electric field mechanism that helps align the water molecules into ice-like clusters en route to crystallization.
The Gypsum-Anhydrite Equilibrium at One Atmosphere Pressure (1967)

The equilibrium temperature for the reaction CaSO*l4*s.2H*l2*sO=CaSO* l4*s+2H*l2*sO*l(liq. soln)*s has been determined as a function of activity of H* l2*sO (a*lH*l2*sO*s) of the solution. Synthetic gypsum and anhydrite or 1:1 mixtures were stirred in solutions of known a*lH*l2*sO*s (calculated from vapor pressure data for the Na*l2*sSO*l4*s and H*l2*sSO*l4*s solutions), at constant temperature for as much as 12 months. The reversible equilibrium was approached from both sides and is defined by: a*lH*l2*sO*s=0.960 at 55°, 0.845 at 39°, 0.770 at 23°C. Provided the solids do not change in composition, the equilibrium at constant P and T is a function of a*lH*l2*sO*s only and is independent of the constituents in solution. Extrapolation to the bounding system CaSO*l4-*sH*l2*sO(a*lH*l2*sO*s=1.000) yields 58°±2°C. This is within thermodynamic calculations (46°±22°C) but higher than solubility measurements (38° to 42°C). The new data indicate that in sea-water saturated with halite and gypsum should dehydrate above 18°C. The scarcity of anhydrite in modern evaporite deposits is predicted by the present results. The available data on the temperature- salinity conditions under which anhydrite and gypsum exist in the Recent supratidal flat sediments of the Trucial Coast, Persian Gulf, are compatible with the present experimental data.
A Collaborative Study to Develop a Standardized Food Protein Solubility Procedure (1985)

ABSTRACT A colaborative study was conducted to develop a rapid, simple and reliable procedure for determining the solubility of food protein products, e.g., spray‐dried whey protein concentrate, sodium caseinate, egg white protein and soy protein isolate. The procedure was developed by modifying the nitrogen solubility index (NSI) procedure. Protein content and soluble protein were determined by micro‐Kjeldahl or biuret procedures with standard deviations of 0.83‐4.12 for all proteins except caseinate which had a value of 13.95. Although the biuret and micro‐Kjeldahl procedures generally provided comparable accuracy and precision for protein content and solubility of certain proteins, the biuret procedure exhibited considerable error and variability for other proteins.
A hypothesis for vulnerable plaque rupture due to stress-induced debonding around cellular microcalcifications in thin fibrous caps (2006)

In this article, we advance a hypothesis for the rupture of thin fibrous cap atheroma, namely that minute (10-μm-diameter) cellular-level microcalcifications in the cap, which heretofore have gone undetected because they lie below the visibility of current in vivo imaging techniques, cause local stress concentrations that lead to interfacial debonding. New theoretical solutions are presented for the local stress concentration around these minute spherical inclusions that predict a nearly 2-fold increase in interfacial stress that is relatively insensitive to the location of the hypothesized microinclusions in the cap. To experimentally confirm the existence of the hypothesized cellular-level microcalcifications, we examined autopsy specimens of coronary atheromatous lesions using in vitro imaging techniques whose resolution far exceeds conventional magnetic resonance imaging, intravascular ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography approaches. These high-resolution imaging modalities, which include confocal microscopy with calcium-specific staining and micro-computed tomography imaging, provide images of cellular-level calcifications within the cap proper. As anticipated, the minute inclusions in the cap are very rare compared with the numerous calcified macrophages observed in the necrotic core. Our mathematical model predicts that inclusions located in an area of high circumferential stress (>300 kPa) in the cap can intensify this stress to nearly 600 kPa when the cap thickness is <65 μm. The most likely candidates for the inclusions are either calcified macrophages or smooth muscle cells that have undergone apoptosis.
Magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>‐Au core‐shell nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman scattering (2012)

Abstract The synthesis, structural and optical characterization, and application of superparamagnetic and water‐dispersed Fe 3 O 4 ‐Au core‐shell nanoparticles for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is reported. The structure of the nanoparticles was determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). STEM images of the Fe 3 O 4 ‐Au core‐shell nanoparticles reveal an average diameter of 120 nm and a high degree of surface roughness. The nanoparticles, which display superparamagnetic properties due to the core Fe 3 O 4 material, exhibit a visible surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaked at 580 nm due to the outer gold shell. The nanoparticles are used as a substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a Raman reporter molecule. The SERS enhancement factor is estimated to be on the order of 10 6 , which is ∼ 2 times larger than that of conventional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) under similar conditions. Significantly, magnetically‐induced aggregation of the Fe 3 O 4 ‐Au core‐shell nanoparticles substantially enhanced SERS activity compared to non‐magnetically‐aggregated Fe 3 O 4 ‐Au nanoparticles. This is attributed to both increased scattering from the aggregates as well as “hot spots” due to more junction sites in the magnetically‐induced aggregates. The magnetic properties of the Fe 3 O 4 core, coupled with the optical properties of the Au shell, make the Fe 3 O 4 ‐Au nanoparticles unique for various potential applications including biological sensing and therapy.
A New Class of Antihypertensive Therapy: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (1996)

Despite the availability of safe and efficacious antihypertensive agents, hypertension continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Losartan, the first of a new class of agents, the angiotensin II receptor antagonists, can be administered as monotherapy in the treatment of hypertension or to complement existing therapy. The angiotensin II receptor antagonists block the effects of angiotensin II through preferential binding to angiotensin II receptor subtype AT1 on the cell membrane. Compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, they may provide more complete blockade of the renin-angiotensin system and be associated with a lower frequency of cough as a side effect.
Two syntheses of dl-aplysistatin (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo syntheses of dl-aplysistatinThomas R. Hoye, Andrew J. Caruso, Joseph F. Dellaria Jr., and Mark J. KurthCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 24, 6704–6709Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00388a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00388a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES IN UNSTRUCTURED MESH GENERATION (1996)

We propose a new optimization strategy for unstructured meshes that, when coupled with existing automatic generators, produces meshes of high quality for arbitrary domains in 3-D. Our optimizer is based upon a non-differentiable definition of the quality of the mesh which is natural for finite element or finite volume users: the quality of the worst element in the mesh. The dimension of the optimization space is made tractable by restricting, at each iteration, to a suitable neighbourhood of the worst element. Both geometrical (node repositioning) and topological (reconnection) operations are performed. It turns out that the repositioning method is advantageous with respect to both the usual node-by-node techniques and the more recent differentiable optimization methods. Several examples are included that illustrate the efficiency of the optimizer.
Altered dopaminergic profile in the putamen and substantia nigra in restless leg syndrome (2009)

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder. Clinical studies have implicated the dopaminergic system in RLS, while others have suggested that it is associated with insufficient levels of brain iron. To date, alterations in brain iron status have been demonstrated but, despite suggestions from the clinical literature, there have been no consistent findings documenting a dopaminergic abnormality in RLS brain tissue. In this study, the substantia nigra and putamen were obtained at autopsy from individuals with primary RLS and a neurologically normal control group. A quantitative profile of the dopaminergic system was obtained. Additional assays were performed on a catecholaminergic cell line and animal models of iron deficiency. RLS tissue, compared with controls, showed a significant decrease in D2R in the putamen that correlated with severity of the RLS. RLS also showed significant increases in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra, compared with the controls, but not in the putamen. Both TH and phosphorylated (active) TH were significantly increased in both the substantia nigra and putamen. There were no significant differences in either the putamen or nigra for dopamine receptor 1, dopamine transporters or for VMAT. Significant increases in TH and phosphorylated TH were also seen in both the animal and cell models of iron insufficiency similar to that from the RLS autopsy data. For the first time, a clear indication of dopamine pathology in RLS is revealed in this autopsy study. The results suggest cellular regulation of dopamine production that closely matches the data from cellular and animal iron insufficiency models. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that a primary iron insufficiency produces a dopaminergic abnormality characterized as an overly activated dopaminergic system as part of the RLS pathology.
JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3 are involved in P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (2010)

This study suggests that JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3 activities are negatively correlated with the degree of MDR in HCC cells.
The Determination of the Optimum Accelerating Factor for Successive Over-relaxation (1961)

In using the method of successive over-relaxation, two difficulties generally arise. Firstly, the efficiency of the method depends greatly on the accelerating factor used, and for any given problem the optimum value of this factor is not usually known priory to solution of the problem. Secondly, it is difficult to estimate the accuracy of solution at any stage. This paper describes a method of using successive over-relaxation in which successively better estimates of the optimum accelerating factor are obtained during the course of solution. The method also yields satisfactory bounds to the error at any stage.
An improved in situ pH sensor for oceanographic and limnological applications (1974)

An improved in situ pH sensor and signal conditioner suggest that an accuracy of 0.02 pH can be achieved and that ion selective electrodes can be useful in in situ experiments such as carbonate saturometry.
Telemetering in earth satellites (1957)

Varied experiments proposed for the earth satellite require a very flexible telemetering system designed for maximum reliability and minimum weight and operating power requirements. A new instrumentation technique combining square hysteresis loop magnetic cores with switching transistors is discussed in the description of the magnetic telemetry encoding system.
Industrial IT revolution through wireless sensor network technologies (2008)

Recent advances in wireless technology have enabled the deployment of low-cost wireless solutions that are capable of robust and reliable communication in the resources and manufacturing industries. Wireless application areas such as networking, sensors, and asset tracking offer great opportunitiesfor production optimization where the use of wired counterparts prove to be prohibitive, expensive or difficult to implement and maintain. Data that is gathered from such wireless devices and networks is quite valuable and leads to new and innovative solutions that may aid the resources and manufacturingindustries in preventing problems, reducing operating costs and generally improving operations. Using wireless sensor networks, we propose new intelligent solutions that aid factory monitoring, maintenance, error tolerance and security and safety. In this paper, related wireless technologies are discussed.
Mini-invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Assisted by X-Tube System in the Treatment of Low Back Disorders (2010)

Objective To explore the clinical effect of mini-invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF) assisted by X-Tube system for the treatment of low back disorders.Method 38 patients suffered lumbar disc herniation combined with segmental instability and lumbar spondylolisthesis with part defect were performed mini-invasive TLIF assisted with X-Tube system.Results Of the 38 patients,the operation duration was 150～260 minutes with an average of 150 minutes,the blood loss was 80 to 320 m1 with an average of 120 ml,the incision length was 2.8 to 3.5 cm with an average of 3 cm,and the hospital stay was 5 to 20 days with an average of 12.4 days.All cases were followed up for 3 months to 4.5 years(averagely 2.5 years).According to Nakai criteria,the outcomes revealed excellence in 25 cases(65.8%),good in l1 cases(28.9%) and fair in 2 cases(5.3%).Postoperative complications were found in 5 cases(13.2%): Limited necrosis of incision margin in 1 case and cured by change dressings,leakage of cerebrospinal fluid in 2 cases and cured by expectant treatment,and radiating pain of operation side in 2 cases and cured by reoperation of exploration.Conclusion Mini-invasive TLIF assisted by X-Tube system has the advantages such as small incision,slight stripping of paraspinal muscle,less blood loss and tissue trauma,short operative duration,rapid recovery and definite short-term results.
Characterization of water‐soluble polymers and aqueous colloids with asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation (1996)

Abstract A study on the retention and separation of water‐soluble polymers and globular proteins by asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation (Asym. flow FFF) is presented. The applicability of only one carrier liquid to a great variety of samples with different charge stabilization and morphology (in order to simplify the handling and the data evaluation) is demonstrated. With this carrier liquid, the investigation of polystyrene latex beads with anionic as well as cationic surfactants, anionic polystyrene sulfonates and globular proteins in the hydrodynamic radius range 10–400 nm is presented, thus resulting in linear calibration curves as well as in the ability for the absolute determination of the diffusion coefficient as well as its distribution. The averaged plate number of the presented flow channel under the applied standard conditions is determined to be in the order of 1 500 which demonstrates the potential of this technique. Preliminary experiments with commerical, broadly distributed poly(1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) samples show that the experiment performed at model systems can easily be extended to technical polymers of commercial interest.
Design of audio demultiplexing intellectual property module based on SDI (2009)

Specific to serial digital interface (SDI), this paper advanced a scheme of audio demultiplexing intellectual property module based on FPGA. After explaining the related standard protocols, the kernel architecture of audio demultiplexing IP module and design processing were introduced in detail. Finally, this paper gives an application of audio demultiplexing system based on IP module in SDI. It is shown through the experimental results that the scheme of audio demultiplexing IP module could effectively demultiplex audio data from SDI data stream and achieve synchronization of audio and video.
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Spinal Cord Distribution of Baclofen and Bupivacaine during Slow Intrathecal Infusion in Pigs (2006)

During slow intrathecal infusion, drug distribution in CSF and spinal cord is severely limited in all groups, although significantly more so in the 20-microl/h infusion group.