gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cdc6p-dependent loading of Mcm proteins onto pre-replicative chromatin in budding yeast (1997)

The Cdc6 protein is essential for the assembly of pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs) at origins of DNA replication in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This reaction is blocked in vivo by the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28p, together with its regulatory subunits, the B type cyclins that are present throughout S, G2, and M phases. Because the destruction of B type cyclins and the consequent inactivation of the kinase are essential for exit from mitosis, pre-RC formation can only occur after passage through mitosis. Therefore, pre-RC formation has been proposed to be essential for coupling S phase and mitosis and for limiting DNA replication to once per cell cycle. The Mcm2-7 family of proteins has been implicated in limiting replication to once per cell cycle from experiments with Xenopus egg extracts. Here we show that the Mcm proteins of budding yeast are abundant and are quantitatively found in a chromatin-enriched fraction specifically during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This chromatin binding depends on the de novo synthesis of Cdc6p, providing evidence that a conserved biochemical pathway plays a critical role in coordinating DNA replication with mitosis in both yeast and higher eukaryotes. Cdc6p and the origin recognition complex can be selectively removed from this chromatin-enriched fraction without removing the Mcm proteins. From these results, we propose that Cdc6p (and the origin recognition complex) nucleates the binding of Mcm proteins to chromatin, but once bound, the Mcm proteins appear to interact tightly with some other component of chromatin.
Tendon–bone contact pressure and biomechanical evaluation of a modified suture‐bridge technique for rotator cuff repair (2009)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the time-zero mechanical and footprint properties of a suture-bridge technique for rotator cuff repair in an animal model. Thirty fresh-frozen sheep shoulders were randomly assigned among three investigation groups: (1) cyclic loading, (2) load-to-failure testing, and (3) tendon-bone interface contact pressure measurement. Shoulders were cyclically loaded from 10 to 180 N and displacement to gap formation of 5- and 10-mm at the repair site. Cycles to failure were determined. Additionally, the ultimate tensile strength and stiffness were verified along with the mode of failure. The average contact pressure and pressure pattern were investigated using a pressure-sensitive film system. All of the specimens resisted against 3,000 cycles and none of them reached a gap formation of 10 mm. The number of cycles to 5-mm gap formation was 2,884.5 + or - 96.8 cycles. The ultimate tensile strength was 565.8 + or - 17.8 N and stiffness was 173.7 + or - 9.9 N/mm. The entire specimen presented a unique mode of failure as it is well known in using high strength sutures by pulling them through the tendon. We observed a mean contact pressure of 1.19 + or - 0.03 MPa, applied on the footprint area. The fundamental results of our study support the use of a suture-bridge technique for optimising the conditions of the healing biology of a reconstructed rotator cuff tendon. Nevertheless, an individual estimation has to be done if using the suture-bridge technique clinically. Further investigation is necessary to evaluate the cell biological healing process in order to achieve further sufficient advancements in rotator cuff repair.
<i>In vivo</i> study of the biocompatibility of a novel compressed collagen hydrogel scaffold for artificial corneas (2013)

The experiments were designed to evaluate the biocompatibility of a plastically compressed collagen scaffold (PCCS). The ultrastructure of the PCCS was observed via scanning electron microscopy. Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into experimental and control groups that received corneal pocket transplantation with PCCS and an amniotic membrane, respectively. And the contralateral eye of the implanted rabbit served as the normal group. On the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th postoperative day, the eyes were observed via a slit lamp. On the 120th postoperative day, the rabbit eyes were enucleated to examine the tissue compatibility of the implanted stroma. The PCCS was white and translucent. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that fibers within the PCCS were densely packed and evenly arranged. No edema, inflammation, or neovascularization was observed on ocular surface under a slit lamp and few lymphocytes were observed in the stroma of rabbit cornea after histological study. In conclusion, the PCCS has extremely high biocompatibility and is a promising corneal scaffold for an artificial cornea.
Osmotic and Ionic Regulation of North American Zebra Mussels (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) (1996)

SYNOPSIS. Unlike other freshwater bivalves that survive for months in deionized water, Dreissena polymorpha requires minimal concentrations of Na, K, Mg, and Cl in the bathing medium for long-term survival. Although ion transport rates are higher in D. polymorpha compared to other freshwater bivalves, they tend to have lower blood solute concentrations. D. polymorpha has an unusually “leaky” epithelium with a high paracellular permeability to solutes. Thus, even with high transport rates, it may not be possible for zebra mussels to retain higher blood solutes because of the extensive passive loss of ions. Under a hyperosmotic stress, D. polymorpha will rapidly osmoconform (about 12 hr) due primarily to the diffusion of solutes and partially to the osmotic loss of water. D. polymorpha is not capable of surviving an imbalance of Na/K in the external medium. In the absence of K the cells will tend to lose volume to achieve isosmotic balance with the blood, but the animals usually die within a few days. If D. polymorpha is exposed to excess K in the environment (1 mM), they will accumulate K in the blood. If the K enters the cells, cellular volume would expand due to increase in osmolyte concentration, yet, if K remains in the blood, there will be an electrochemical imbalance. In either case, the animal cannot survive much longer than a day. When Na and K are present in the medium in a balanced combination approximated by artificial seawater (ASW), D. polymorpha will survive an acute transfer to 100 mosm ASW indefinitely (months). Our preliminary studies have shown that D. polymorpha will tolerate step-wise acclimation to solutions >250 mosm provided the changes in salinity do not exceed 50–100 mosm. Freshwater bivalves, unlike the marine bivalves, have limited free amino acids in their body fluids and must rely on inorganic ions for osmotic regulation. The free amino acids serve as an important osmolyte buffer for volume regulation when an animal experiences an environment of changing salinity. The inability of Dreissena, and perhaps other freshwater bivalves, to tolerate hyperosmotically induced dehydration may be due, in part, to the inability to accumulate or retain sufficient intracellular K to facilitate regulatory volume adjustments.
Antipolymer antibody in Italian fibromyalgic patients (2007)

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the presence of antipolymer antibody (APA) seropositivity in 285 Italian patients affected by primary fibromyalgia (FM) and to verify whether APA levels correlate with disease severity and with cytokine levels.APA levels were determined on serum samples by an indirect ELISA kit that detects IgG APA. Cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNFalpha) were measured by ELISA in plasma. The impact of FM on the quality of life was estimated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, while pain severity was evaluated using a visual analogic scale. Patients were also characterized by the presence of tiredness, stiffness, nonrestorative sleep, anxiety, depression, tension headache, irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular dysfunction and Raynaud's phenomena. Using a cut-off value of 30 U, APA-positive values were detected in 60 FM patients (21.05%) and in 15 healthy control individuals (15.00%) without significant differences among their levels or the percentage of seropositivity. FM patients with moderate and severe symptoms had slightly higher APA levels with respect to patients with mild symptoms. APA-seropositive patients exhibited significant correlations between APA levels and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire estimate (P = 0.042), tiredness (P = 0.003) and IL-1 levels (P = 0.0072). In conclusion, APA cannot be considered a marker of disease in Italian FM patients. The presence of APA, however, might permit the identification of a subset of FM patients with more severe symptoms and of patients who may respond differently to different therapeutic strategies.
Flat antennas for indoor cellular system (2002)

A leaky coaxial-line for a telephone system under indoor environments is not suitable for a frequency range of 900 MHz and up, because of large transmission loss. A micro cellular system is necessary for indoor wireless telephone service at underground shopping malls, subway stations and inside tunnels. Flat antennas are required for these applications, because base station antennas installed on the ceiling or on the wall should have a low profile structure. For compatibility with present cellular system, a vertical polarization is required for these flat antennas in the frequency band of 900 MHz and 1.5 GHz used in the Japanese cellular system. The flat antennas should have a pattern of sine/spl theta/ in the azimuth plane to increase a dynamic range inside a coverage area. The antenna is used separately for a transmitting and a receiving with a frequency band width more than 9%, which requires layered and integrated structure. For 900 MHz band, the transmitting frequency is 810-885 MHz, and the receiving frequency is 885-956 MHz. The VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) less than 1.5, and the isolation more than 15 dB are required. For 1.5 GHz, the transmitting frequency is 1477-1501 MHz, and the receiving frequency is 1429-1477 MHz. This paper presents three flat antennas on the ceiling and an antenna on the wall to satisfy the above requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization and Theoretical Comparison of Branch-and-Bound Algorithms for Permutation Problems (1974)

Branch-and-bound implicit enumeration algorithms for permutation problems (discrete optimization problems where the set of feasible solutions is the permutation group S n ) are characterized in terms of a sextuple ( B p S,E,D,L,U ), where (1) B p is the branching rule for permutation problems, (2) S is the next node selection rule, (3) E is the set of node elimination rules, (4) D is the node dominance function, (5) L is the node lower-bound cost function, and (6) U is an upper-bound solution cost. A general algorithm based on this characterization is presented and the dependence of the computational requirements on the choice of algorithm parameters, S, E, D, L, and U is investigated theoretically. The results verify some intuitive notions but disprove others.
Forest Production of Goldenseal (1999)

Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) is a valued medicinal herb which has been collected from hardwood forests in eastern North America for hundreds of years. The historical range for goldenseal is north into Canada, south to Alabama, and west to Kansas. Overharvesting of goldenseal has caused serious reductions in populations reported in Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, and eastern Kentucky. In 1997, goldenseal was listed on Appendix II of the Convention for International Trade on Endangered Species (CITES), an international treaty monitoring trade in threatened and endangered species. Designed to protect the species, this listing imposed controls on goldenseal trade. This has not stopped people from collecting it, however, and populations continue to decrease. Due to this, the cultivation of Goldenseal has proven to be profitable.
Making World Wide Web Caching Servers Cooperate (1995)

Due to its exponential growth, the World Wide Web is increasingly experiencing several problems, such as hot spots, increased network bandwidth usage, and excessive document retrieval latency. The standard solution to these problems is to use a caching proxy. However, a single caching proxy is a bottleneck; there is a limit to the number of clients that can use the same cache, and thereby the effectiveness of the cache is limited. Also, a caching proxy is a single point of failure. We address these problems by creating a protocol that allows multiple caching proxies to cooperate and share their caches, thus increasing robustness and scalability. This scalability, in turn, gives each client an effectively larger cache with a higher hit rate. This paper describes a prototype implementation of this protocol that uses IP multicast to communicate between the servers.
Alpha-helical, but not beta-sheet, propensity of proline is determined by peptide environment. (1996)

Proline is established as a potent breaker of both alpha-helical and beta-sheet structures in soluble (globular) proteins. Thus, the frequent occurrence of the Pro residue in the putative transmembrane helices of integral membrane proteins, particularly transport proteins, presents a structural dilemma. We propose that this phenomenon results from the fact that the structural propensity of a given amino acid may be altered to conform to changes imposed by molecular environment. To test this hypothesis on proline, we synthesized model peptides of generic sequence H2N-(Ser-LyS)2-Ala- Leu-Z-Ala-Leu-Z-Trp-Ala-Leu-Z-(Lys-Ser)3-OH (Z = Ala and/or Pro). Peptide conformations were analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy in aqueous buffer, SDS, lysophosphatidylglycerol micelles, and organic solvents (methanol, trifluoroethanol, and 2-propanol). The helical propensity of Pro was found to be greatly enhanced in the membrane-mimetic environments of both lipid micelles and organic solvents. Proline was found to stabilize the alpha-helical conformation relative to Ala at elevated temperatures in 2-propanol, an observation that argues against the doctrine that Pro is the most potent alpha-helix breaker as established in aqueous media. Parallel studies in deoxycholate micelles of the temperature-induced conformational transitions of the single-spanning membrane bacteriophage IKe major coat protein, in which the Pro-containing wild type was compared with Pro30 --> Ala mutant, Pro was found to protect the helix, but disrupt the beta-sheet structure as effectively as it does to model peptides in water. The intrinsic capacity of Pro to disrupt beta-sheets was further reflected in a survey of porins where Pro was found to be selectively excluded from the core of membrane-spanning beta-sheet barrels. The overall data provide a rationale for predicting and understanding the structural consequences when Pro occurs in the context of a membrane.
Development of hybrid oxygen-iodine laser (2000)

A hybrid oxygen-iodine laser (HOIL) using discharge singlet oxygen generator (DSOG) was studied experimentally. We used a microwave discharge as a plasma source. The microwave frequency was 2450 MHz and the input power for discharging was up to 30 W. Oxygen excitation tests were carried out using the DSOG by changing conditions of input power, oxygen pressure and flow rate, gas-mixing ratio, and so on. Spectrum analyzer was used as a diagnostic device for measuring the singlet oxygen of its wavelength 1.27 micrometer. The best results of excitation efficiency was 21% on condition that oxygen output pressure was 1.4 - 1.9 torr and oxygen flow rate was 30 sccm.
P2X<sub>7</sub>Receptor Modulation on Microglial Cells and Reduction of Brain Infarct Caused by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rat (2006)

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate outflow increases after an ischemic insult in the brain and may induce the expression of P2X7 receptors in resting microglia, determining its modification into an activated state. To assess the effects of P2X7 receptor blockade in preventing microglia activation and ameliorating brain damage and neurological impairment, we delivered the P2 unselective antagonist Reactive Blue 2 to rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion. In sham-operated animals, devoid of brain damage, double immunofluorescence verified the absence of P2X7 immunoreactivity on resting microglia, astrocytes, and neurons, identified, respectively, by OX-42, glial fibrillary acid protein, and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) immunoreactivity. After ischemia, vehicle-treated rats showed monolateral sensorimotor deficit and tissue damage in striatum and frontoparietal cortex. Moreover, P2X7 immunoreactivity was de novo expressed on activated microglia in infarcted and surrounding areas, as well as on a reactive form of microglia, resting in shape but P2X7 immunoreactive, present in ipsi- and contralateral cingulate and medial frontal cortex. Reactive Blue 2 improved sensorimotor deficit and restricted the volume of infarction, without preventing the expression of P2X7, but inducing it in the microglia of contralateral frontal and parietal cortex and striatum, which had lost reciprocal connections with the remote infarct area. De novo expression of P2X7 occurred in both activated and reactive microglia, suggesting their differentiated roles in the area of infarct and in remote regions. Reactive Blue 2 reduced ischemic brain damage, likely blocking the function of activated microglia in the infarct area, but in the remote brain regions promoted the expression of P2X7 on reactive microglia, developing defense and reparative processes.
AB 16. Immunomodifiers in combination with conventional chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer (2012)

Background
To evaluate the effect of immunotherapy on response, survival and certain immunologic markers in SCLC patients receiving chemotherapy.
The efficacy of topical hyaluronic acid in the management of oral lichen planus (2009)

Topical HA (0.2%) does appear to be of some benefit in the management of erosive lichen planus providing efficacy for up to 4 h after administration. Very frequent applications should be considered to obtain a more significant clinical benefit. Topical HA gel may be a useful addition to the treatment option for OLP.
Programmable Deployment of Tensegrity Structures by Stimulus-Responsive Polymers (2017)

Tensegrity structures with detached struts are naturally suitable for deployable applications, both in terrestrial and outer-space structures, as well as morphing devices. Composed of discontinuous struts and continuous cables, such systems are only structurally stable when self-stress is induced; otherwise, they lose the original geometrical configuration (while keeping the topology) and thus can be tightly packed. We exploit this feature by using stimulus responsive polymers to introduce a paradigm for creating actively deployable 3D structures with complex shapes. The shape-change of 3D printed smart materials adds an active dimension to the configurational space of some structural components. Then we achieve dramatic global volume expansion by amplifying component-wise deformations to global configurational change via the inherent deployability of tensegrity. Through modular design, we can generate active tensegrities that are relatively stiff yet resilient with various complexities. Such unique properties enable structural systems that can achieve gigantic shape change, making them ideal as a platform for super light-weight structures, shape-changing soft robots, morphing antenna and RF devices, and biomedical devices.
Chemical Modifications of Biopolymers by Quinones and Quinone Methides (1989)

Abstract Many quinones and their precursors, which are transformed oxidatively into quinones and/or quinone methides, are important natural products. As secondary metabolites, they frequently possess antibiotic and cytotoxic activities, in addition to acting sometimes as pathogens. Several plants and animals, especially insects, use quinonoid substances for defense, often with spectacular results. On the macromolecular level, quinone methides have a key role in the plant kingdom in lignin biosynthesis; the biosynthesis of melanoproteins exemplifies the reactions of o ‐quinones in the animal kingdom. In insects, cross‐linking of structural proteins through quinones and quinone methides results in the construction of the sclerotized exoskeleton. For mankind, the reactivity of quinones in biological systems has far‐reaching consequences of pharmaceutical, toxicological, and technical relevance. The examples in this review show that a common principle underlies these reactions, namely, the chemical modification of biopolymers. As demonstrated particularly well in a more detailed discussion of the chemical principles of insect cuticle sclerotization, several major and important new results have emerged from the development and applications of modern methods of sample separation and from solid‐state NMR spectroscopy.
Preparation of carboxy‐PEG‐PLA nanoparticles loaded with camptothecin and their body distribution in solid tumor–bearing mice (2009)

Abstract Carboxy‐polyethylene glycol‐poly(DL‐lactic acid) block copolymer was synthesized by reductive amination of carboxy‐polyethylene glycol‐amine and aldehyde‐ended poly(DL‐lactic acid). The obtained product, PA‐PEG‐CB, composed of pure carboxy‐polyethylene glycol‐poly(DL‐lactic acid) block copolymer and poly(DL‐lactic acid), was used to prepare nanoparticles loaded with camptothecin (CPT), designated CPT‐NP. CPT‐NP with 500–600 nm and approximately 1% (w/w) drug content were obtained by emulsification/evaporation, while nanoparticles with a drug content of only less than 0.1% (w/w) were prepared by dialysis. CPT‐NP produced by emulsification/evaporation were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. CPT‐NP released CPT gradually in phosphate‐buffered saline, pH 7.4, at 37°C over 48 h. Biodistribution profiles were compared between CPT‐NP and CPT solution after i.v. injection into mice bearing sarcoma 180 solid tumor. CPT‐NP retained CPT approximately 10 times more in plasma during the initial 8 h than CPT solution. The tumor level of CPT was more than 10 times higher with CPT‐NP for the observation period (24 h), though the CPT concentration in the liver and spleen was much higher with CPT‐NP. CPT‐NP may be useful for tumor localization of CPT. Drug Dev Res 70: 512–519, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies of high-k dielectrics deposited by liquid source misted chemical deposition in MOS gate structures (2002)

This paper reviews results of an investigation of electrical characteristics and selected fundamental material properties of several high-k metal oxides considered for MOS gate applications. The metal oxide films were deposited using the LSMCD (liquid source misted chemical deposition) method in a cluster tool. The method produces high quality films as thin as 3 nm and offers the flexibility of switching between various chemistries. Among compositions studied, mist-deposited oxides of Hf and Zr as well as SrTa/sub 2/O/sub 6/ were found to display promising characteristics for MOS gate applications, with the last showing superior thermal stability with silicon.
Coupling of an atmospheric pressure microplasma ionization source with an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid 1M mass analyzer for ultra-high resolution isotopic analysis of uranium (2019)

Ultra-high resolution is achieved in the LS-APGD/Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid 1M coupling, with no sacrifice in sensitivity or precision.