gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The sub‐cellular localisation and regulatory properties of pyruvate carboxylase from <i>Rhizopus arrhizus</i> (1985)

Cell-free extracts of Rhizopus arrhizus contain exclusively cytosolic pyruvate carboxylase and NAD-glutamate dehydrogenase, a single mitochondrial isoenzyme of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and both mitochondrial and cytosolic isoenzymes of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating). Other enzymes examined have sub-cellular localisations similar to those characteristic of mammalian liver. Purified preparations of R. arrhizus pyruvate carboxylase are subject to partial regulatory inhibition by L-aspartate and 2-oxoadipate. L-Glutamate acts as a less effective analogue of L-aspartate while 2-oxoglutarate is ineffective. Competition studies indicate the presence of separate inhibitory sites for L-aspartate and 2-oxoadipate. Under routine assay conditions R. arrhizus pyruvate carboxylase shows significant activation by acyl derivatives of coenzyme A with long chain acyl CoA being more effective than acetyl-CoA. This activation is no longer observed in the presence of high concentrations of pyruvate, MgATP2- and HCO-3. The concentrations of L-aspartate and 2-oxoadipate required to give 50% inhibition ([I]0.5), and the maximal extents of inhibition, are increased by addition of acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA increases the sigmoidal character of the relationship: initial rate/[L-aspartate], but decreases this parameter for the relationship: initial rate/[2-oxoadipate]. The studies indicate that R. arrhizus possesses an entirely cytosolic pathway for the conversion of glucose to fumaric acid and that both the organisation of pyruvate metabolism and the regulation of pyruvate carboxylase differ significantly in this organism as compared to that proposed previously for Aspergillus nidulans.
Immunological analysis of pulmonary hypertension in connective tissue diseases. (1999)

The occurrence of anti-U1RNP, anti-endothelial cell, and anti-CL antibodies is associated with PH in certain patients with connective tissue disease.
Magnetic nanoparticle sensing: decoupling the magnetization from the excitation field (2013)

Remote sensing of magnetic nanoparticles has exciting applications for magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia and molecular detection. We introduce, simulate, and experimentally demonstrate an innovation-a sensing coil that is geometrically decoupled from the excitation field-for magnetic nanoparticle spectroscopy that increases the flexibility and capabilities of remote detection. The decoupling enhances the sensitivity absolutely; to small amounts of nanoparticles, and relatively; to small changes in the nanoparticle dynamics. We adapt a previous spectroscopic method that measures the relaxation time of nanoparticles and demonstrate a new measurement of nanoparticle temperature that could potentially be used concurrently during hyperthermia.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Band Structure of EuMg_6Sn_(3.67) (2013)

EuMg6Sn3.67 has been synthesized by reacting the mixture of the corresponding pure elements at high temperature, and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. EuMg6Sn3.67 crystallizes in hexagonal space group P63/m (No. 176) with a = 11.7259(4), c = 4.5507(2), V = 541.88(4)3 , Z = 2, Mr = 734.60, Dc = 4.502 g/cm3 , μ = 14.348 mm-1 , F(000) = 638, the final R = 0.0128 and wR = 0.0378 for 464 observed reflections with Ⅰ 2σ(Ⅰ). EuMg6Sn3.67 is closely related to the Ba2Mg12Ge7.33 structure type and features a three-dimensional Mg6Sn3.67 framework with one-dimensional hexagonal tunnels along the c-axis occupied by the Eu atoms. Electronic structure calculation indicates that the title compound is metallic.
Power-optimal repeater insertion considering Vdd and Vth as design freedoms (2005)

This work first presents an analytical repeater insertion method which optimizes power under delay constraint for a single net.This method finds the optimal repeater insertion lengths, repeater sizes, and V dd and V th levels for a net with a delay target, and it reduces more than 50% power over a previous work which does not consider V dd and V th optimization.This work further presents the power saving when multiple V dd and V th levels are used in repeater insertion at the full-chip level.Compared to the case with single V dd and V th suggested by ITRS, optimized dual V dd and dual V th reduce overall global interconnect power by 47%, 28% and 13% for 130nm, 90nm and 65nm technology nodes, respectively, but extra V dd or V th levels only give marginal improvement.We also show that an optimized single V th reduce interconnect power almost as effective as dual-V th does, in contrast to the need of dual V th for logic circuits.
Determining in Linear Time the Minimum Area Convex Hull of Two Polygons (1988)

Abstract As preprocessing for the two-dimensional cutting stock problem or pallet loading problem, we compute the minimum area convex hull. Given two polygons P and Q, we find their relative positions such that the convex hull encasing them is minimum in area. Let N be the total number of vertices in P and Q. We determine the minimum area convex hull in O(N) time. Q is allowed to translate by any amount relative to P, while assuming a constant number of orientations. Instead of recomputing the convex hull after every translation, we update the computed area at certain critical points. Linearity follows by showing that there are O(N) such critical points.
Radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition of calcium phosphate coatings: Monte Carlo simulations of the deposition process and depositions through an aperture (2002)

Radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposited calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings can be applied to improve the biological performance of medical implants. However, the deposition process is rather complex. Particle ejection from the sputtering target, particle collisions with the background gas, charge state of the sputtered particles, and resputtering of the deposited film all influence the composition and structure of the film. In this work we study the deposition process of the coatings by performing depositions through an aperture. Thus an image of the sputtering target is obtained. In order to interpret these images, the deposition process is simulated using a Monte Carlo computer simulation. We found that the experimental images obtained at different gas pressures are well predicted by the simulations. The calcium and phosphorus are proven to be ejected as neutrals from the target. The particle ejection distribution could not unambiguously be derived. This was partially because the image is distorted due to resputtering of the deposited film. The resputtering is the result of bombardment by energetic argon from the plasma, or energetic negative oxygen from the target. Phosphorus is preferentially resputtered from the film. In conclusion, we found that depositions with an aperture in combination with Monte Carlo simulations are a powerful combination to study and better understand the deposition process.
Architecture of the Vessel Wall (1980)

The sections in this article are: 1 Classification and Definition of Blood Vessels 2 Components of the Vascular Wall 2.1 Intima 2.1.1 Definition 2.1.2 Elastic Arteries 2.1.3 Muscular Arteriesa 2.1.4 Small Arteries and Arterioles 2.1.5 Capillaries 2.1.6 Venules and Small Veins 2.1.7 Medium-Sized Veins and Large Veins 2.2 Media 2.2.1 Definition 2.2.2 Elastic Arteries 2.2.3 Muscular Arteries 2.2.4 Small Arteries and Arterioles 2.2.5 Venules and Small Veins 2.2.6 Medium-Sized Veins and Large Veins 2.3 Adventitia 2.3.1 Definition 2.3.2 Elastic Arteries 2.3.3 Muscular Arteries 2.3.4 Arterioles and Venules 2.3.5 Periendothelial Components of Capillaries 2.3.6 Medium-Sized Veins and Large Veins
Respiratory and sleep disorders in female children with atypical Rett syndrome caused by mutations in the <i>CDKL5</i> gene (2012)

Episodic hyperventilation followed by central apnoeas was present while awake in two of four patients. This may indicate failure of brainstem respiratory centres. In addition, low REM sleep, frequent arousals (not caused by apnoeas/seizures), and low sleep efficiency were present. Similar to Rett syndrome, in patients with CDKL5 mutations PSG seems warranted to evaluate breathing and sleep disturbances.
Design and Synthesis of Indole-Based Peptoids as Potent Noncompetitive Antagonists of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (2007)

The vanilloid receptor subunit 1, or transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), integrates physical and chemical stimuli in the peripheral nervous system, playing a key role in inflammatory pain. Identification of potent TRPV1 antagonists is thus an important goal of current neuropharmacology. Herein, we describe the solid-phase synthesis of a series of indole-based peptoids (N-alkylglycines) and the biological activity of the peptoids as novel TRPV1 antagonists. The potency and selectivity of the compounds were determined by electrophysiological recordings in Xenopus oocytes. The most potent and selective noncompetitive TRPV1 antagonist of the series, compound 7, represents an interesting pharmacophoric structure for analgesic lead optimization.
Magnetoresistance and Domain Theory of Iron-Nickel Alloys (1946)

Measurements of change of electrical resistivity with magnetization and with tension are reported for iron-nickel alloys containing 40 to 100 percent nickel. When the magnetostriction is negative (81 to 100 percent nickel), tension ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$) decreases resistivity, and magnetic field ($H$) increases it. Domain theory predicts the ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\sigma}}{H}$ at which the resistivity is equal to that of the unmagnetized specimen, and the theory is accurately confirmed. Measurements are made in transverse as well as longitudinal magnetic fields, and the difference between the resistances so measured is shown to be independent of the distribution of domains in the unmagnetized state; the erratic results reported in the literature are thus explained and avoided. When magnetostriction is positive, the limiting changes of resistivity with field and tension are sometimes found to be different; this is shown to be caused by the variation of magnetostriction with crystallographic direction.
Absence of Transplacental Transmission of Lyme Disease Spirochetes from Reservoir Mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to their Offspring (1991)

Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi) are naturally maintained in an enzootic cycle mainly by vector ticks (Ixodes dammini) infesting white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Suggestions that mice may become infected without exposure to ticks prompted a study to evaluate whether mice could transmit spirochetes transplacentally to their offspring. Mice were live-captured in two Massachusetts sites where Lyme disease spirochetes are intensely enzootic. Pregnant females were housed separately in the laboratory through delivery, and mothers and their offspring were caged together until weaning. Each female and two offspring were then examined for evidence of infection serologically and by tick xenodiagnosis. All 14 mother mice examined produced infected ticks and exhibited serum antibodies to B. burgdorferi. However, none of 28 offspring tested produced infected ticks and only a few had evidence of circulating antibody. In a separate experiment, no young CD-1 mice, born of infected mothers, had IgM antibody to B. burgdorferi. It would appear that immature mice are not transplacentally infected with spirochetes and must be exposed to infected ticks before becoming infected and infective themselves.
(<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-2,2′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-6,6′-dimethoxy-1,1′-biphenyl (2016)

(R-)[133545-16-1] InChI = 1S/C38H32O2P2/c1-39-33-25-15-27-35(41(29-17-7-3-8-18-29)30-19-9-4-10-20-30)37(33)38-34(40-2)26-16-28-36(38)42(31-21-11-5-12-22-31)32-23-13-6-14-24-32/h3-28H,1-2H3 InChIKey = KRJVQCZJJSUHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (S-) [133545-17-2] C38H32O2P2 (MW 582.62) InChI = 1S/C38H32O2P2/c1-39-33-25-15-27-35(41(29-17-7-3-8-18-29)30-19-9-4-10-20-30)37(33)38-34(40-2)26-16-28-36(38)42(31-21-11-5-12-22-31)32-23-13-6-14-24-32/h3-28H,1-2H3 InChIKey = KRJVQCZJJSUHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (chiral bisphosphine ligand for transition metals; the complexes show high enantioselectivity and reactivity in a variety of organic synthetic transformations)1, 2 Alternate Name: MeOBIPHEP. Physical Data: mp 212–213 °C; [ α ] D 20 − 42.5 ( c = 1.0 , CHCl 3 ) for (S)-MeOBIPHEP. Preparative Methods: enantiomerically pure MeOBIPHEP ligand is industrially obtained by the resolution of its racemic oxide. Its congeners, in contrast, are prepared by the resolution of the common racemic precursor 6,6′-dimethoxy-1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-diyl-bis(phosphonic acid diethyl ester), followed by the conversion to the corresponding bis(phosphonic dichloride), reaction with aryl or alkyl Grignard, and reduction of phosphine oxide.1 An alternative preparation has been described recently based on a Pd-catalyzed PC coupling of chiral bisphosphane with phenyl iodide, leading to MeOBIPHEP ligands in 50% yield (two steps), starting from chiral biphenyl bisphosphonate.3 Solubility: dichloromethane 36 w%, THF 24 w%, toluene 10 w%, AcOEt 2 w%, TBME 0.5 w%, EtOH <0.1 w%, MeOH <0.1 w%; insoluble in water. Form Supplied in: colorless solid. Purification: crystallization from toluene/EtOH. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: air-stable in solid form in closed bottles over years; slowly air oxidized to the monoxide in solution.
How does burnout affect physician productivity? A systematic literature review (2014)

There is evidence that burnout is associated with decreased productivity. However, this line of inquiry is still developing. A number of gaps are yet to be filled including understanding how to quantify the changes in productivity related to burnout.
Mechanics of freely‐suspended ultrathin layered materials (2014)

The study of atomically thin two‐dimensional materials is a young and rapidly growing field. In the past years, a great advance in the study of the remarkable electrical and optical properties of 2D materials fabricated by exfoliation of bulk layered materials has been achieved. Due to the extraordinary mechanical properties of these atomically thin materials, they also hold a great promise for future applications such as flexible electronics. For example, this family of materials can sustain very large deformations without breaking. Due to the combination of small dimensions, high Young's modulus and high crystallinity of 2D materials, they have attracted the attention of the field of nanomechanical systems as high frequency and high quality factor resonators. In this article, we review experiments on static and dynamic response of 2D materials. We provide an overview and comparison of the mechanics of different materials, and highlight the unique properties of these thin crystalline layers. We conclude with an outlook of the mechanics of 2D materials and future research directions such as the coupling of the mechanical deformation to their electronic structure.
Decarboxylative Dehydration of β‐Hydroxycarboxylic Acids by Redox Condensation: A Novel Olefin Synthesis (1977)

An alternative to the Wittig reaction is provide by the reaction sequence (A)+(B). The adduct of PPh3 and diethyl azodicarboxylate is suitable for use as X.
Optimizing Flight Departure Delay and Route Selection Under En Route Convective Weather (2010)

This paper presents a linear Integer Programming model for managing air traffic flow in the United States. The decision variables in the model are departure delays and predeparture reroutes of aircraft whose trajectories are predicted to cross weather-impacted regions of the National Airspace System. The model assigns delays to a set of flights while ensuring their trajectories are free of any conflicts with weather. In a deterministic setting, there is no airborne holding due to unexpected weather incursion in a flight s path. The model is applied to solve a large-scale traffic flow management problem with realistic weather data and flight schedules. Experimental results indicate that allowing rerouting can reduce departure delays by nearly 57%, but it is associated with an increase in total airborne time due to longer routes flown by aircraft. The computation times to solve this problem were significantly lower than those reported in the earlier studies.
Immunocytochemical localization of P2X3 purinoceptors in sensory neurons in naive rats and following neuropathic injury (1999)

P2X3 purinoceptor cellular distribution was studied in rat sensory neurons in naive animals and following peripheral nerve injury using immunohistochemical methods. Specific antiserum was raised in rabbits and characterized by Western blot, absorption assays and labeling of recombinant receptors. In naive animals, P2X3 immunoreactivity was present predominantly in a subpopulation of small-diameter sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia. In the spinal cord, immunoreactivity was observed in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. Following a chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve, the number of P2X3 positive small and medium diameter neurons increased in dorsal root ganglia when compared with sham-operated animals. In addition, the spinal cord immunoreactivity increased in magnitude on the side ipsilateral to the ligated nerve, consistent with up-regulation of receptors in presynaptic terminals of the primary sensory neurons.
Electrospun Nonwoven Nanofibrous Membranes for Sensors and Biosensors (2012)

Abstract This review will focus on the recent advances on nanofibrous membranes (NFM) prepared by electrospinning (ES) applied to modify electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Most relevant applications of NFM include their used as selective barrier toward diffusion, protective coatings against fouling, conductive substrates for sensing applications, catalytic and biocatalytic membranes. The main advantages and drawbacks of these applications are critically assessed.
Legislative Veto of Administrative Rules in Missouri: A Constitutional Virus (1992)

The last sixty years have witnessed an enormous growth at the federal and state levels in both the number and size of administrative bureaucracies.' Agencies have been created to implement and administer legislation passed by the Congress or state legislatures. The grant of rulemaking authority has been given to executive agencies because legislatures have often found themselves unable, or unwilling, to fine-tune laws addressing today's increasingly complex society. The fine-tuning has been left to administrative agencies, particularly where scientific, economic, or other expertise is needed to determine how the law should be implemented. The purpose of this Article is to examine the constitutionality of the legislative veto as it exists in Missouri, specifically the powers of the JCAR. Part II of the Article traces the history of the JCAR and the various types of powers given to it.Part III of the Article examines the experiences of the United States government and other states to determine their applicability to Missouri. Part IV examines the various grants of power to determine whether they comply with the Missouri constitution.
Coronal and transition region observations of the sun and cool stars (2002)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN053142 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
Essential oil composition of Damask rose (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Mill.) distilled under different pressures and temperatures (2002)

Abstract Experiments were conducted on field distillation unit to distil rose oil and rose water from the fresh flowers of Damask rose ( Rosa damascena Mill.) under different pressures and temperatures to study and compare the essential oil composition by GC–FID. The monoterpene hydrocarbons and esters were found to be in traces, and stearoptene content was found to be higher in the oil distilled under high pressure, as compared to oil produced under atmospheric pressure. In general, the percentage of total alcohols (55.25–83.41%) in rose oil increased with the increase in pressure and temperature of the distillation. Physicochemical properties of rose oil distilled at varying level of temperatures and pressures are discussed. A comparative study was also conducted of rose oil constituents from dichloromethane‐extracted rose water and redistilled rose water under atmospheric and higher pressure. At higher pressure early‐eluting components in the GC column were present in traces and decrease in total alcoholic content was observed. It can be concluded that distillation conducted under pressure does not yield good quality oil. However, dichloromethane‐extracted rose oil from rose water carries a higher amount of 2‐phenylethyl alcohol. The total rose alcohol content present in rose water was higher than in rose oil. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissociation of transcriptional activation and oncogenic transformation by v-Myb. (1995)

The nuclear oncoprotein v-Myb is a transcriptional activator in both animal cells and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous studies have suggested that an acidic domain of approximately 50 amino acids (amino acids 204-254 of v-Myb) is necessary and sufficient for transcriptional activation by v-Myb, c-Myb and GAL4-Myb fusion proteins. However, we find that first, none of the acidic residues within this region is essential for transcriptional activation in either animal cells or yeast. Second, transcriptional activation requires cooperation among multiple domains of v-Myb. In animal cells, transcriptional activation by v-Myb requires a central domain (amino acids 234-295), a C-terminal domain (amino acids 295-356), plus either of two more N-terminal domains (amino acids 163-197 or 198-232); in yeast, it requires the central domain plus either the C-terminal domain or a more N-terminal domain (amino acids 163-233). Third, although various subsets of these domains are sufficient for transcriptional activation by v-Myb, all of the domains must be present for transformation of primary hematopoietic cells. These results demonstrate that transcriptional activation by v-Myb is not sufficient for oncogenic transformation.
High recombination rate of an Epstein-Barr virus-simian virus 40 hybrid shuttle vector in human cells (1989)

The stability of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid shuttle vector, the p205-GTI plasmid, was analyzed in human cells during EBV- or SV40-type replication mode. When the p205-GTI plasmid was maintained as an episomal EBV vector in the human 293 cell line, no rearrangement was detected. To induce the SV40 replication mode, cells containing the episomal p205-GTI plasmid were either transfected with vectors carrying the T antigen gene or infected with SV40. Surprisingly, we observed both production and amplification of different classes of recombinant molecules. Particular types of modifications were found in most of the recombinants. The most striking rearrangement was a duplication of the promoter and enhancer regions of SV40 which was inserted in the thymidine kinase (TK) promoter. This recombination process involved a few bases of homology, and one of the recombination junctions implicated the GC boxes which constitute the essential components of the TK and SV40 early promoters. Our results suggest that a combination of a low level of base homology and a specific DNA sequence function (promoter and enhancer sites) leads to a very high level of recombinational activity during T-antigen-dependent plasmid replication.