gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Our Stolen Future (1996)

For years, scientists have noticed disruptions in animal breeding cycles, accompanied by increases in birth defects, sexual abnormalities and reproductive failure. Humans are not immune either, with sperm counts dropping by as much as 50% in recent decades and with women seeing a rise in hormone-related cancers, endometriosis and other disorders. This book traces the cause of these aberrations and diseases to the pervasive presence in the environment of chemicals that mimic hormones and trick the reproductive system. The conclusions are as obvious as they are inescapable - unless we make vital changes in the way we manufacture and employ the artefacts of our good life, there will be no life at all.
FGFR Signaling Promotes the Growth of Triple-Negative and Basal-Like Breast Cancer Cell Lines Both <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2011)

Basal-like breast cancer cell lines, and breast cancers, express autocrine FGF2 and show sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors, identifying a potential novel therapeutic approach for these cancers.
Argonaute2 promotes tumor metastasis by way of up-regulating focal adhesion kinase expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (2012)

Our data demonstrate that Ago2 overexpression, as a result of genomic DNA amplification, promotes HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis by way of up-regulation of FAK transcription, thereby providing new insight into HCC progression and Ago2 function.
Measured and computed in-vehicle field distributions (2010)

This paper describes an automated in-vehicle field measurement systems that can be used to acquire 3D electric field distribution generated from wireless antenna sources placed within a passenger vehicle. One prototype is made out of metal and another Delrin. Comparisons between simulated and measured 2D field distribution within a simple cavity correlate well at 870 MHz. Measurements made within an actual vehicle using the Delrin positioner shows reasonable correlation with simulations. A short analysis of field measurements at 1800 MHz is performed. Some possible challenges of measurements within an actual vehicle are also discussed.
Ethanol fixation of sputum sediments for DNA-based detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1995)

The effect of ethanol fixation on PCR detection and viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human sputum sediments was evaluated. M. tuberculosis seeded into sputum sediments was efficiently killed when treated for 1 h with 50, 70, or 95% ethanol. PCR amplification of a 123-bp fragment of the M. tuberculosis-specific IS6110 was not affected in ethanol-treated samples even when fixation was extended to 24 h. Ethanol fixation of sputum sediments did not affect the PCR detection of M. tuberculosis in clinical samples. PCR results from ethanol-treated clinical samples containing M. tuberculosis (smear positive and smear negative) or other respiratory pathogens correlated directly with the results by conventional detection methods for M. tuberculosis. Our results show that ethanol fixation of human sputum sediments containing M. tuberculosis significantly reduces the potential exposure of workers to viable M. tuberculosis without affecting DNA analysis by PCR. Also, ethanol fixation of sputum sediments provides a simple and inexpensive way to store and transport clinical specimens identified for DNA-based diagnostics without refrigeration.
Du rural au péri-urbain: conflit de territoire et requalification de l'espace (1991)

francaisLa peri-urbanisation est essentiellement un processus conflictuel qui aboutit a une mutation territoriale. Dans la reconstruction territoriale qui s'opere, entrent enjeu des elements nouveaux, nombreux et divers, tous importes de l'exterieur, tous etrangers a la realite rurale. La periurbanisation est l'œuvre de l'ensemble des forces economiques et sociales qui sous-tendent le systeme urbain. La reflexion a ete menee a partir d'exemples pris dans l'espace entourant l'agglomeration lyonnaise, relativement eloigne du centre, zone rurale de la Dombes et des Monts du Lyonnais ou zone urbaine de Rive de Gier. EnglishPeri-urbanisation is an essentially conflictual process, leading to territorial change. A number of diverse elements form part of this reconstruction process, originating from outside the rural world and unfamiliar to it. Periurbanisation is the result of the whole range of social and economic forces which underpin the urban system. This research is based on examples taken from the area surrounding Lyon, at some distance from the city centre : the rural zones of the Dombes and the Monts du Lyonnais, and the urban area of Rive de Gier.
On the Importance of Label Quality for Semantic Segmentation (2018)

Convolutional networks (ConvNets) have become the dominant approach to semantic image segmentation. Producing accurate, pixel-level labels required for this task is a tedious and time consuming process; however, producing approximate, coarse labels could take only a fraction of the time and effort. We investigate the relationship between the quality of labels and the performance of ConvNets for semantic segmentation. We create a very large synthetic dataset with perfectly labeled street view scenes. From these perfect labels, we synthetically coarsen labels with different qualities and estimate human-hours required for producing them. We perform a series of experiments by training ConvNets with a varying number of training images and label quality. We found that the performance of ConvNets mostly depends on the time spent creating the training labels. That is, a larger coarsely-annotated dataset can yield the same performance as a smaller finely-annotated one. Furthermore, fine-tuning coarsely pre-trained ConvNets with few finely-annotated labels can yield comparable or superior performance to training it with a large amount of finely-annotated labels alone, at a fraction of the labeling cost. We demonstrate that our result is also valid for different network architectures, and various object classes in an urban scene.
Autophagy-mediated chemosensitization in cancer cells by fullerene C60 nanocrystal (2009)

Autophagy may represent a common cellular response to nanomaterials, and modulation of autophagy holds great promise for improving the efficacy of cancer therapy. Fullerene C60 possesses potent anti-cancer activities, but its considerable toxicity towards normal cells may hinder its practical applications. It has been reported that fullerene C60 induces certain hallmarks of autophagy in cancer cells. Here we show that the water-dispersed nanocrystal of underivatized fullerene C60 (Nano-C60) at noncytotoxic concentrations caused authentic autophagy and sensitized chemotherapeutic killing of both normal and drug-resistant cancer cells in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent and photo-enhanced fashion. We further demonstrated that the chemosensitization effect of Nano-C60 was autophagy-mediated and required a functional Atg5, a key gene in the autophagy signaling pathway. Our results revealed a novel biological function for Nano-C60 in enhancing the cytotoxic action of chemotherapeutic agents through autophagy modulation and may point to the potential application of Nano-C60 in adjunct chemotherapy.
Interactions of Engine Oil Additives (1983)

Modern engine oil formulations usually contain many kinds of additives, such as detergent-dispersants, antioxidants, VI improvers, rust inhibitors, and friction modifiers. However, what these additives do in the crankcase is not yet fully understood. As a first step in clarifying the complex mechanisms of engine oil performance in the crankcase, the interaction of engine oil additives was studied on the basis of surface chemistry. Metallic detergents form rigid micelles in oil, whereas ashless dispersants associate moderately and form small micelles in oil. No interaction was found between metallic detergents and zinc dithio-phosphate (ZDP), but there were strong interactions between ashless dispersants and metallic detergents and between ashless dispersants and ZDP. The adsorption onto an iron surface, the solubilization of sludge, and oxidation inhibition by engine oil additives are strongly influenced by the state of solution of these mixed systems.
Red‐Emitting Fluorenes as Efficient Emitting Hosts for Non‐Doped, Organic Red‐Light‐Emitting Diodes (2005)

Abstract Rare red‐fluorescent fluorene derivatives have been designed and synthesized. The long‐wavelength red fluorescence is achieved by incorporating a di(4‐tolyl)amino or diphenylamino electron donor and a dicyanovinyl electron acceptor. The single‐crystal X‐ray structures of the di(4‐tolyl)amino (pTSPDCV) and diphenylamino (PhSPDCV) compounds indicate only weak non‐π van der Waals contacts in addition to long‐distance dipole–dipole interactions of the red‐emitting fluorene molecules in the solid state. The aggregation of the dipolar fluorene is largely suppressed by introducing bulky 9,9‐substituents (spiro‐fused bifluorene) as well as a non‐planar di(4‐tolyl)amino or diphenylamino group. In the solid state, these fluorene derivatives all show red fluorescence that is much brighter than with the red dopants Nile Red and DCM (4‐(dicyanomethylene)‐2‐methyl‐6‐[4‐(dimethylaminostyryl)‐4 H ‐pyran]). The unique photophysical properties of red‐emitting fluorene derivatives differ from other known red dopants and facilitate the fabrication of non‐doped red organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Authentic red (CIE, x = 0.65, y = 0.35) electroluminescence with a brightness of more than 12 000 cd m –2 (greater than 600 cd m –2 at 20 mA cm –2 ) and a remarkable external quantum efficiency as high as 3.6 % have been observed for the red‐emitting OLEDs with pTSPDCV or PhSPDCV as the sole emitting host.
Dengue Virus Type 2 Infections of Aedes aegypti Are Modulated by the Mosquito's RNA Interference Pathway (2009)

A number of studies have shown that both innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms greatly influence the course of human dengue virus (DENV) infections, but little is known about the innate immune response of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti to arbovirus infection. We present evidence here that a major component of the mosquito innate immune response, RNA interference (RNAi), is an important modulator of mosquito infections. The RNAi response is triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which occurs in the cytoplasm as a result of positive-sense RNA virus infection, leading to production of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These siRNAs are instrumental in degradation of viral mRNA with sequence homology to the dsRNA trigger and thereby inhibition of virus replication. We show that although dengue virus type 2 (DENV2) infection of Ae. aegypti cultured cells and oral infection of adult mosquitoes generated dsRNA and production of DENV2-specific siRNAs, virus replication and release of infectious virus persisted, suggesting viral circumvention of RNAi. We also show that DENV2 does not completely evade RNAi, since impairing the pathway by silencing expression of dcr2, r2d2, or ago2, genes encoding important sensor and effector proteins in the RNAi pathway, increased virus replication in the vector and decreased the extrinsic incubation period required for virus transmission. Our findings indicate a major role for RNAi as a determinant of DENV transmission by Ae. aegypti.
Fast, Efficient Floating-Point Adders and Multipliers for FPGAs (2010)

Floating-point applications are a growing trend in the FPGA community. As such, it has become critical to create floating-point units optimized for standard FPGA technology. Unfortunately, the FPGA design space is very different from the VLSI design space; thus, optimizations for FPGAs can differ significantly from optimizations for VLSI. In particular, the FPGA environment constrains the design space such that only limited parallelism can be effectively exploited to reduce latency. Obtaining the right balances between clock speed, latency, and area in FPGAs can be particularly challenging. This article presents implementation details for an IEEE-754 standard floating-point adder and multiplier for FPGAs. The designs presented here enable a Xilinx Virtex4 FPGA (-11 speed grade) to achieve 270 MHz IEEE compliant double precision floating-point performance with a 9-stage adder pipeline and 14-stage multiplier pipeline. The area requirement is approximately 500 slices for the adder and under 750 slices for the multiplier.
PHI: a deductive database system (2002)

PHI is an experimental distributed deductive database system. It is implemented on personal sequential inference machines (PSIs). A deductive database consists of intensional and extensional databases. PHI is composed of two layers which handle intensional and extensional databases, respectively. The query language of PHI is Datalog and its query processing is performed in a bottom-up manner. Query optimization of PHI is the combination of query transformation and techniques developed for relational databases. A discussion is presented of the design, implementation, and evaluation of the deductive database part of PHI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synapse Dysfunction of Layer V Pyramidal Neurons Precedes Neurodegeneration in a Mouse Model of TDP-43 Proteinopathies (2016)

TDP-43 is a major protein component of pathological neuronal inclusions that are present in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We report that TDP-43 plays an important role in dendritic spine formation in the cortex. The density of spines on YFP+ pyramidal neurons in both the motor and somatosensory cortex of Thy1-YFP mice, increased significantly from postnatal day 30 (P30), to peak at P60, before being pruned by P90. By comparison, dendritic spine density was significantly reduced in the motor cortex of Thy1-YFP::TDP-43A315T transgenic mice prior to symptom onset (P60), and in the motor and somatosensory cortex at symptom onset (P90). Morphological spine-type analysis revealed that there was a significant impairment in the development of basal mushroom spines in the motor cortex of Thy1-YFP::TDP-43A315T mice compared to Thy1-YFP control. Furthermore, reductions in spine density corresponded to mislocalisation of TDP-43 immunoreactivity and lowered efficacy of synaptic transmission as determined by electrophysiology at P60. We conclude that mutated TDP-43 has a significant pathological effect at the dendritic spine that is associated with attenuated neural transmission.
Using the Sirocco File System for high-bandwidth checkpoints. (2012)

The Sirocco File System, a file system for exascale under active development, is designed to allow the storage software to maximize quality of service through increased flexibility and local decision-making. By allowing the storage system to manage a range of storage targets that have varying speeds and capacities, the system can increase the speed and surety of storage to the application. We instrument CTH to use a group of RAM-based Sirocco storage servers allocated within the job as a high-performance storage tier to accept checkpoints, allowing computation to potentially continue asynchronously of checkpoint migration to slower, more permanent storage. The result is a 10-60x speedup in constructing and moving checkpoint data from the compute nodes. This demonstration of early Sirocco functionality shows a significant benefit for a real I/O workload, checkpointing, in a real application, CTH. By running Sirocco storage servers within a job as RAM-only stores, CTH was able to store checkpoints 10-60x faster than storing to PanFS, allowing the job to continue computing sooner. While this prototype did not include automatic data migration, the checkpoint was available to be pushed or pulled to disk-based storage as needed after the compute nodes continued computing. Future developments include the ability to dynamically spawn Sirocco nodes to absorb checkpoints, expanding this mechanism to other fast tiers of storage like flash memory, and sharing of dynamic Sirocco nodes between multiple jobs as needed.
Migration of bisphenol A (BPA) from can coatings into a fatty-food simulant and tuna fish (2005)

The effect of heat processing, storage time and temperature on the migration of bisphenol A (BPA) from organosol and epoxy can coatings to a fatty-food simulant and tuna was determined. Analyses of BPA were performed by RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection. Four migration experiments, performed between 2000 and 2003, using cans with organosol, epoxy and a combination of both types of coatings were performed under different processing conditions and storage times. Migration levels as high as 646.5 microg kg(-1) BPA from an organosol coating of tuna fish cans were found using a fatty-food simulant following the heat processing of the simulant-filled cans. Levels ranging from 11.3 to 138.4 microg kg(-1) BPA from tuna cans coated with an epoxy resin migrated to the fatty-food simulant during 1 year at 25 degrees C. Levels of BPA migration into a fatty-food simulant from thermally processed and stored tuna cans coated with a combination of organosol and epoxy resins and from vegetable cans coated with an epoxy resin were below the limit of quantitation of 10.0 microg kg(-1). Migration of BPA to tuna ranged from <7.1 to 105.4 microg kg(-1) during long-term storage at 25 degrees C. BPA levels in tuna cans purchased from three local supermarkets ranged from <7.1 to 102.7 microg kg(-1). The highest migration levels were found following heat processing at temperatures as high as 121 degrees C and at times as long as 90 min. Coatings from different can batches can give different levels of BPA migration. The migration levels of BPA found in this work are below the present European Union migration limit, except the 646.5 microg kg(-1) found after the commercial heating process was applied to the simulant-filled cans coated with the organosol resin.
The ratios of area of foot print to area of foot outline and diabetic sole ulcer formation. (1993)

The ratio of area of foot print to area of foot outline for each foot was studied in 50 normal and 70 diabetic subjects. The diabetic group was divided into 2 groups: 44 patients without and 26 patients with sole ulcers. The chief aim was to find a ratio that could predict ulcer formation. One hundred feet in the normal subjects had a mean ratio of 0.621 with a range of 0.51-0.72. The 88 non-ulcerated feet in the diabetic patients had a mean ratio of 0.611 with a range of 0.49-0.70. The difference was statistically not significant (p > 0.05). Thirty-two ulcerated feet in the 26 diabetic patients had a mean ratio of 0.580 with a range of 0.47-0.68. The difference between the ulcer and the non-ulcer group was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Twenty non-ulcerated feet in 20 diabetic patients with unilateral involvement had a mean ratio of 0.60 with a range of 0.50-0.69. The difference between the ulcerated and non ulcerated feet in these 20 unilateral involved patients was also statistically significant (p < 0.01). The sole ulcers in our study were distributed mainly beneath the metatarsal heads and calcaneum. Analysis of the foot prints revealed multiple dark print areas. They were at the locations corresponding to the above bony prominences. As these bony prominences were high pressure points, the dark print areas could serve as crude indicators of excessive pressure. The diabetic ulcer group had smaller mean ratio and the reduction of the contact area could contribute to the formation of sole ulcers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Peak systolic and diastolic CSF velocity in the foramen magnum in adult patients with Chiari I malformations and in normal control participants. (2003)

Patients with Chiari I malformations have significant elevations of peak systolic velocity in the CSF in the foramen magnum.
Correctness of trap-based breakpoint implementations (1994)

It is common for debuggers to implement breakpoints by a combination of planting traps and single stepping. When the target program contains multiple threads of execution, a debugger that is not carefully implemented may miss breakpoints. This paper gives a formal model of a breakpoint in a two-threaded program. The model describes correct and incorrect breakpoint implementations. Automatic search of the model's state space shows that the correct implementation does miss a breakpoint. The results apply even to debuggers like dbx and gdb, which are apparently for single-threaded programs; when the user evaluates an expression containing function calls, the debugger executes the call in the target address space, in effect creating a new thread.
A Modified Procedure for Alcohol Determination by Dichromate Oxidation (1979)

The chemical oxidation method for alcohol determination in wine after microdistillation of the samples is used routinely in many winery laboratories. However, analysts often experience a number of difficulties with the procedure, including use of the distilling apparatus and indicator endpoint when dichromate is titrated with ferrous ammonium sulfate. The procedure was modified to avoid some of the problems. Five ml of wine were distilled in a Cash volatile acid still, operated to ensure complete condensation and recovery of alcohol distillate in a 50-ml volume. Two ml of distillate were oxidized at 60°C with 10 ml of dichromate solution (34 g potassium dichromate plus 325 ml sulfuric acid per liter). Alcohol concentration was determined spectrophotometrically at 600 nm, according to Caputi et al. [Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 19:160-5 (1968)]. The method as modified provided acceptable speed, precision, and accuracy for routine analysis of wine alcohol.
The amino acid sequences of goat, pig and wallaby osteocalcins. (1984)

The amino acid sequences of osteocalcins from cortical long bones of goat, pig and wallaby have been determined by manual microsequencing methods. The location of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues were identified by N-terminal degradation of peptides in which these residues had been tritium-labelled in the gamma-H position and subsequently thermally decarboxylated to glutamic acid residues. Glutamic-17 is not gamma-carboxylated in wallaby osteocalcin, unlike other osteocalcins so far sequenced (except human). This may be related to sequence changes in the flanking residues. Proline-9 is fully hydroxylated in wallaby osteocalcin, despite the sequence substitution Ala-8----Phe-8.
Tip Dieback of Mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i>) Caused by<i>Botryosphaeria ribis</i> (1991)

The conidial stage of Botryosphaeria ribis was isolated from diseased mango trees (Mangifera indica) and found to be pathogenic in mango by wound inoculation. The fungus produced dark mycelia and did not sporulate under most conditions but formed chlamydospores and immature conidial initials. In the vicinity of the inoculated stem scars, the fungus produced stromatic pycnidia, which yielded hyaline, one-celled pycnidiospores. On oatmeal agar, the dark mycelium also produced stromatic pycnidia. Hyphae were observed in sections of diseased tissues and abundant tyloses were found inside the xylem vessels (.)