gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent sample test using cost based methodologies (2004)

In today's vertically integrated semiconductor companies, the entire manufacturing process impacts the product's bottom line. Wafer test was designed to eliminate expensive assembly of bad die. Wafer test costs are becoming high so time spent testing is less cost effective. Sample testing is a technique for lowering wafer test costs. Carefihning can optimize the process. This paper introduces a method for sample candidate selection. test plan creation as well as cost model validation. We specifically discuss an extensible solution developed at Motorola to avoid capital investment in automated test equipment. The result is a permanent increase in test floor throughput with no increase in hardware. ~~~~ ~~~~ Generation ~~~
Mechanochemical conversion of a metal oxide into coordination polymers and porous frameworks using liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) (2009)

Liquid-assisted grinding enabled the rapid and environmentally-friendly conversion of a simple and inexpensive metal oxide precursor into a variety of metal–organic materials, demonstrated by the quantitative construction of six coordination polymers and porous frameworks from a mixture of ZnO and fumaric acid.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of a chitin synthase gene (CHS2) ofParacoccidioides brasiliensis (1998)

The nucleotide sequence of a chitin synthase gene (CHS2) of the dimorphic fungal human pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of Chs2p consists of 1043 residues and is highly homologous to other class II fungal chitin synthases. Computational structural analyses suggest very high similarity to other fungal chitin synthases with a highly variable region at the cytosolic amino-terminal region which may be related to its possible zymogenic nature, and the putative catalytic region close to seven membrane-spanning regions at the carboxyl terminus.
Comparative gene transfer efficiency of low molecular weight polylysine DNA‐condensing peptides (1999)

In a previous report (M.S. Wadhwa et al. (1997) Bioconjugate Chem. 8, 81-88), we synthesized a panel of polylysine-containing peptides and determined that a minimal repeating lysine chain of 18 residues followed by a tryptophan and an alkylated cysteine residue (AlkCWK18) resulted in the formation of optimal size (78 nm diameter) plasmid DNA condensates that mediated efficient in vitro gene transfer. Shorter polylysine chains produced larger DNA condensates and mediated much lower gene expression while longer lysine chains were equivalent to AlkCWK18. Surprisingly, AlkCWK18 (molecular weight 2672) was a much better gene transfer agent than commercially available low molecular weight polylysine (molecular weight 1000-4000), despite its similar molecular weight. Possible explanations were that the cysteine or tryptophan residue in AlkCWK18 contributed to the DNA binding and the formation of small condensates or that the homogeneity of AlkCWK18 relative to low molecular weight polylysine facilitated optimal condensation. To test these hypotheses, the present study prepared AlkCYK18 and K20 and used these to form DNA condensates and conduct in vitro gene transfer. The results established that DNA condensates prepared with either AlkCYK18 or K20 possessed identical particle size and mediated in vitro gene transfer efficiencies that were indistinguishable from AlkCWK18 DNA condensates, eliminating the possibility of contributions from cysteine or tryptophan. However, a detailed chromatographic and electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of low molecular weight polylysine revealed it to possess a much lower than anticipated average chain length of dp 6. Thus, the short chain length of low molecular weight polylysine explains its inability to form small DNA condensates and mediate efficient gene transfer relative to AlkCWK18 DNA condensates. These experiments further emphasize the need to develop homogenous low molecular weight carrier molecules for nonviral gene delivery.
<sup>19</sup>F-Encoded Combinatorial Libraries:  Discovery of Selective Metal Binding and Catalytic Peptoids (2002)

A (19)F NMR method for encoding of combinatorial libraries has been developed. Aryl fluorides whose chemical shifts are modified by aromatic substituents were prepared and attached to resin support beads that were used in the split-pool synthesis of peptoids. The detection of the (19)F NMR signal of tags derived from a single "big bead" was demonstrated. The library diversity arises from peptoid amines and the cyclic anhydrides used in their acylation. The resulting 90-compound library was examined for metal ion binding, and novel ligands for iron and copper were discovered. Their binding constants were determined to be in the low micromolar range using conventional methods. The library was also examined for autocatalysis of acylation, and a molecule possessing the catalytic triad of serine proteases was deduced.
Internal combustion engine waste heat potential for an automotive absorption system of air conditioning Part 1: Tests on the exhaust system of a spark-ignition engine (2000)

Measurements have been carried out on a four-cylinder spark-ignition engine to estimate the amount of heat recoverable in particular when the engine runs at low loads. Such heat is sufficient to feed an absorption cooling system for car air conditioning when the speed is over a threshold value. Data for the design of a heat recovery system are reported and discussed.
Hydrogel properties of electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylpyrrolidone/poly(acrylic acid) blend nanofibers (2015)

Hydrogel nanofibers with high swelling ratio are prepared by electrospinning polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly(acrylic acid) blend followed by subsequent heat treatment.
STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS FOR 4‐ANILINOQUINAZOLINES AS POTENT INHIBITORS AT THE ATP BINDING SITE OF THE EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR <i>IN VITRO</i> (1996)

1. Structure-activity relationships are described for the inhibition of the tyrosine kinase activity (phosphorylation of a fragment of phospholipase Cg1) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by 4-anilinoquinazolines. These compounds are competitive inhibitors at the ATP binding site. 2. The preferred side chain is anilino-, substituted at the 3-position with small lipophilic groups. The quinazoline moiety is absolutely required for activity, but substituents on the quinazoline greatly modulate potency, with electron-donating groups favoured. The most potent analogue, the 6,7-dimethoxy derivative (compound 20), has an IC50 of 29 pmol/L and a very high selectivity for the EGFR over other tyrosine kinase enzymes. 3. The present study shows that it is possible to identify small molecules that are very potent, yet highly selective, inhibitors of a single component of the growth signal transduction pathway in cells.
Value of qualitative angiographic grading in aortic regurgitation (1987)

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of angiographic grading of regurgitation in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR). In 204 adult patients (149 men, 55 women, aged 51 +/- 13 years) with AR, the forward cardiac index was measured by the indicator dilution technique, and the left ventricular angiographic index by the area length method, from which the regurgitant stroke index and the percentage of regurgitation were calculated. In 80 other patients without regurgitation, there was a good correlation between forward and angiographic cardiac indices (r = 0.83, P less than 0.001). Aortic regurgitation graded on a 1-4 scale was, in the 204 patients with AR, correlated with the percentage and the volume of regurgitation (respectively r = 0.87, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.92, P less than 0.001). The regurgitant stroke index and the percentage of regurgitation were significantly different from one group to another (P less than 0.001). However, there was a range in amount of regurgitation within each grade and an overlap from one grade to another. There were no differences in regurgitant stroke index or in the percentage of regurgitation when patients were categorized according to LV end-diastolic or endsystolic volume, LV ejection fraction, forward cardiac index or intracardiac pressure.
Aerodynamics and control of autonomous quadrotor helicopters in aggressive maneuvering (2009)

Quadrotor helicopters have become increasingly important in recent years as platforms for both research and commercial unmanned aerial vehicle applications. This paper extends previous work on several important aerodynamic effects impacting quadrotor flight in regimes beyond nominal hover conditions. The implications of these effects on quadrotor performance are investigated and control techniques are presented that compensate for them accordingly. The analysis and control systems are validated on the Stanford Testbed of Autonomous Rotorcraft for Multi-Agent Control quadrotor helicopter testbed by performing the quadrotor equivalent of the stall turn aerobatic maneuver. Flight results demonstrate the accuracy of the aerodynamic models and improved control performance with the proposed control schemes.
Dynorphin-(1-13), an extraordinarily potent opioid peptide. (1979)

We describe the opioid properties of a tridecapeptide, the sequence of which corresponds to the NH2-terminal sequence of dynorphin, a novel porcine pituitary endorphin. It contains [Leu]enkephalin. In the guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle preparation it is about 700 times more potent than [Leu]enkephalin. Its effects in this tissue are blocked completely by naloxone, but the apparent affinity of naloxone is 1/13th that for blockade of [Leu]enkephalin or normorphine. In the mouse vas deferens, this peptide is 3 times more potent than [Leu]enkephalin. Well-washed rat brain membranes degrade the peptide rapidly, suggesting the presence of a membrane-bound degradative enzyme. The peptide displays considerable immunoreactivity in assays with antisera that have been used for the immunohistochemical localization of [Leu]enkephalin. The remarkable enhancement of the potency of [Leu]enkephalin by the COOH-terminal extension -Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu-Lys-OH suggests new interpretations concerning the structure of opiate receptors and the function of the enkephalin pentapeptides.
Graphene Nanoribbons as an Advanced Precursor for Making Carbon Fiber (2013)

Graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) and chemically reduced graphene nanoribbons (crGNRs) were dispersed at high concentrations in chlorosulfonic acid to form anisotropic liquid crystal phases. The liquid crystal solutions were spun directly into hundreds of meters of continuous macroscopic fibers. The relationship of fiber morphology to coagulation bath conditions was studied. The effects of colloid concentration, annealing temperature, spinning air gap, and pretension during annealing on the fibers' performance were also investigated. Heat treatment of the as-spun GONR fibers at 1500 °C produced thermally reduced graphene nanoribbon (trGNR) fibers with a tensile strength of 378 MPa, Young's modulus of 36.2 GPa, and electrical conductivity of 285 S/cm, which is considerably higher than that in other reported graphene-derived fibers. This better trGNR fiber performance was due to the air gap spinning and annealing with pretension that produced higher molecular alignment within the fibers, as determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The specific modulus of trGNR fibers is higher than that of the commercial general purpose carbon fibers and commonly used metals such as Al, Cu, and steel. The properties of trGNR fibers can be further improved by optimizing the spinning conditions with higher draw ratio, annealing conditions with higher pretensions, and using longer flake GONRs. This technique is a new high-carbon-yield approach to make the next generation carbon fibers based on solution-based liquid crystal phase spinning.
Pauli Paramagnetism in a Fermi Glass (1981)

A broad Lorentzian ESR line in H-doped Ca${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$$\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$crystals has been observed and assigned to itinerant electrons in ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ orbitals. The spin susceptibility and the ESR linewidth vary weakly between 20 and 300 K, whereas the conductivity varies strongly, consistent with Mott's $\mathrm{exp}\ensuremath{-}{(\frac{{T}_{0}}{T})}^{\frac{1}{4}}$ variable-range hopping law for random systems. Our observations demonstrate the existence of Fermi statistics in this system of protons and $d$ electrons which may be more clustered than purely random.
Issues in the Study of the History of the Chinese Youth Movement (1993)

To judge from historical records, the history of the Chinese youth movement dates back eighty to ninety years. Over the decades, the movement has bequeathed us significant amounts of historical data as well as knowledge of practical experience. The organizations of the CCP and the Youth League have made many scientific summations of the youth movement; our revolutionary leaders have also made many profound pronouncements on the subject. But to approach the youth movement as a field of systematic research is a new development of the last few years. The history of the youth movement is a new displine, and many theoretical issues await further inquiry.
Use of the Glutaraldehyde Coagulation Test for Detection of Hypogammaglobulinemia in Neonatal Calves (1979)

Summary A rapid screening test was developed to detect hypogammaglobulinemia in neonatal calves, using a 10% glutaraldehyde reagent. The test, which was based on the coagulation of γ globulin by glutaraldehyde, was performed on serum samples from 281 neonatal calves in a veal production unit. The γ-globulin concentrations in these calves were determined by means of refractometry and zone electrophoresis. Results were classified as high (> 0.6 g/dl; 211 calves), intermediate (0.41-0.6 g/dl; 31 calves), and low (≤ 0.4 g/dl; 39 calves). When the serum γ-globulin concentration was > 0.6 g/dl (211 samples), addition of the reagent (ratio of serum to reagent, 10:1) resulted in complete coagulation in 203 samples and incomplete coagulation in 7 samples, all within one hour; 1 sample was test negative. The reagent did not cause any alteration in viscosity of serums from the 39 neonatal veal calves with γ-globulin concentrations ≤ 0.4 g/dl or from 10 other neonatal calves that had not ingested colostrum. Of the 31 serums from neonatal veal calves that had intermediate γ-globulin concentrations (0.41-0.6 g/dl), 20 were test negative, 6 had incomplete coagulation reactions, and 5 were test positive. At one month after entry of calves into the production unit, the death rate for the 60 calves that were test negative was 16.7%, which was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than the death rate of 3.4% in the 221 calves that were test positive (208) or had incomplete coagulation (13). The glutaraldehyde coagulation test appears to have practical application in preventive medical programs designed to identify calves with hypogammaglobulinemia, a critical predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of many important infectious diseases of neonatal calves.
The microbiome of the built environment and mental health (2015)

The microbiome of the built environment (MoBE) is a relatively new area of study. While some knowledge has been gained regarding impacts of the MoBE on the human microbiome and disease vulnerability, there is little knowledge of the impacts of the MoBE on mental health. Depending on the specific microbial species involved, the transfer of microorganisms from the built environment to occupant's cutaneous or mucosal membranes has the potential to increase or disrupt immunoregulation and/or exaggerate or suppress inflammation. Preclinical evidence highlighting the influence of the microbiota on systemic inflammation supports the assertion that microorganisms, including those originating from the built environment, have the potential to either increase or decrease the risk of inflammation-induced psychiatric conditions and their symptom severity. With advanced understanding of both the ecology of the built environment, and its influence on the human microbiome, it may be possible to develop bioinformed strategies for management of the built environment to promote mental health. Here we present a brief summary of microbiome research in both areas and highlight two interdependencies including the following: (1) effects of the MoBE on the human microbiome and (2) potential opportunities for manipulation of the MoBE in order to improve mental health. In addition, we propose future research directions including strategies for assessment of changes in the microbiome of common areas of built environments shared by multiple human occupants, and associated cohort-level changes in the mental health of those who spend time in the buildings. Overall, our understanding of the fields of both the MoBE and influence of host-associated microorganisms on mental health are advancing at a rapid pace and, if linked, could offer considerable benefit to health and wellness.
Semantic video classification and feature subset selection under context and concept uncertainty (2004)

As large collections of videos become one key component of digital libraries, there is an urgent need of semantic video classification and feature subset selection to enable more effective video database organization and retrieval. However, most existing techniques for classifier training require a large number of labeled samples to learn correctly and suffer from the problems of context and concept uncertainty when only a limited number of labeled samples are available. To address the problems of context and concept uncertainty, we have proposed a novel framework to achieve incremental classifier training by integrating a limited number of labeled samples with a large number of unlabeled samples. Specifically, the contributions of this paper include: (a) Using the salient objects to achieve a middle-level understanding of video contents and enhance the quality of features on discriminating among different semantic video concepts; (b) Modeling the semantic video concepts by using the finite mixture models to approximate the class distributions of the relevant salient objects; (c) Developing an adaptive EM algorithm to integratethe unlabeled samples to enable incremental classifier training and address the problem of context uncertainty; (d) Proposing a cost-sensitive video classification technique to address the problem of concept uncertainty over time; (e) Supporting automatic video annotation via semantic classification Our experimental results in a certain domain of medical education videos have also been provided a convincing proof of our conclusions.
Efficient solid phase peptide synthesis on a phenacyl-resin by a methanesulfonic acid .ALPHA.-amino deprotecting procedure. (1990)

We have developed an efficient method for solid phase peptide synthesis which consists of Nα-selective deprotection by dilute methanesulfonic acid, in situ neutralization, and rapid coupling reaction using benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate or new 2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)oxy-1, 3-dimethylmidazolidinium hexafluorophosphate. This method was successfully used to synthesize several peptides using a new derivative, Boc-Tyr(Dpp) (Dpp : diphenylphosphinyl) and Boc-Arg(HCI) on a phenacylresin. For this method, we employed a fluoride ion final deprotection strategy based on a two-dimensional orthogonal protection scheme.
Mutants of the Yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>Defective in Protein Exit from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Are Also Defective in Peroxisome Biogenesis (1998)

Mutations in the SEC238 and SRP54 genes of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica not only cause temperature-sensitive defects in the exit of the precursor form of alkaline extracellular protease and of other secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and in protein secretion but also lead to temperature-sensitive growth in oleic acid-containing medium, the metabolism of which requires the assembly of functionally intact peroxisomes. The sec238A and srp54KO mutations at the restrictive temperature significantly reduce the size and number of peroxisomes, affect the import of peroxisomal matrix and membrane proteins into the organelle, and significantly delay, but do not prevent, the exit of two peroxisomal membrane proteins, Pex2p and Pex16p, from the endoplasmic reticulum en route to the peroxisomal membrane. Mutations in the PEX1 and PEX6 genes, which encode members of the AAA family of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein-like ATPases, not only affect the exit of precursor forms of secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum but also prevent the exit of the peroxisomal membrane proteins Pex2p and Pex16p from the endoplasmic reticulum and cause the accumulation of an extensive network of endoplasmic reticulum membranes. None of the peroxisomal matrix proteins tested associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in sec238A, srp54KO, pex1-1, and pex6KO mutant cells. Our data provide evidence that the endoplasmic reticulum is required for peroxisome biogenesis and suggest that in Y. lipolytica, the trafficking of some membrane proteins, but not matrix proteins, to the peroxisome occurs via the endoplasmic reticulum, results in their glycosylation within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, does not involve transport through the Golgi, and requires the products encoded by the SEC238, SRP54, PEX1, and PEX6 genes.
Heterogeneity in lymphocyte spectrin distribution: ultrastructural identification of a new spectrin-rich cytoplasmic structure. (1988)

Spectrin-like proteins are found in a wide variety of non-erythroid cells where they generally occur in the cell cortex near the plasma membrane. To determine the intracellular distribution of alpha-spectrin (alpha-fodrin) in lymphocytes, we have developed an immunoperoxidase method to localize this protein at the ultrastructural level. Of considerable interest, particularly with regard to our efforts to determine the function of spectrin in this cell type, was the finding that its subcellular localization and its relationship with the plasma membrane can vary dramatically. Based on its position in the cell, alpha-spectrin can occur in two forms in lymphocytes: one that associates closely with the plasma membrane and another that occurs at some distance from the cell periphery, either as a single large aggregate or as several smaller ones. The single large aggregate of spectrin is a stable feature in a number of lymphocyte cell lines and hybrids which were used to examine its ultrastructural characteristics. A previously undescribed cellular structure, consisting of a meshwork of spectrin filaments and membranous vesicles, was identified in these cells. This structure could be induced to dissipate in response to membrane perturbants (e.g., hyperthermia and phorbol esters, known effectors of lymphocyte function and differentiation) and the patterns resulting from the redistribution of spectrin were a reflection of those observed routinely in lymphocytes in situ. The correlation between naturally occurring spectrin localization patterns and those seen after membrane perturbation suggested the possibility that spectrin distribution is indicative of particular maturation stages or functional states in lymphocytes. The implications of these findings with regard to the role of spectrin in lymphocyte function are discussed.