gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Two-Component Electromagnetic Ship's Log (1970)

A ship's log is described which works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The measuring head contains a coil with a vertical axis and is arranged so that voltages are picked up proportional to the two components of water flow past it. The electronic circuits are designed to give a true and stable zero by using a low-frequency squarewave energizing current. Laboratory tests show the output to be linearly related to water velocity. Because of the complicated flow patterns round a ship, the log must be calibrated in situ at sea. Calibration of the forward component meter follows the usual procedure and this meter is accurate to about ±0·1 knot or ± 1 per cent, whichever is greater. However, calibration of the athwartship component meter is difficult and time-consuming, and the sensitivity is dependent on forward speed. With care, it seems that an accuracy of ±0·2 knot or ± 10 per cent, whichever is greater, should be possible with this meter, but more experience of such calibrations is required. The paper is discussed on p. 319.
Biologic and Biochemical Activities of Continuous Macrophage Cell Lines P388D1 and J774.1 (1977)

Abstract The study of continuous lines of murine cells with macrophage-like properties may provide important information concerning biochemical parameters associated with particular types of macrophage functions. Chemotaxis, phagocytosis, adherence, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), as well as the activities of several intracellular enzymes, were measured in two such cell lines, P388D1 and J774.1. These measurements were compared to those of “resting” and “stimulated” murine peritoneal macrophages. The data show that the P388D1 and J774.1 cell lines, although displaying many biologic characteristics of normal stimulated or resting macrophages, differ quantitatively from each other and from the normal or stimulated cells. Interestingly enough, the P388D1 cells, although the most cytotoxic in ADCC, displayed virtually no chemotactic responsiveness in vitro. Although the J774.1 cells responded as effectively to the chemotactic stimulus C5a as did the resting peritoneal macrophages, they did not migrate toward lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor (LDCF). Both cell lines contained levels of acid phosphatase comparable to stimulated peritoneal macrophages; however, the P388D1 cells were markedly deficient in adenosine deaminase when compared to the peritoneal macrophages or to the J774.1 cells. These studies demonstrate the heterogeneity of biologic activities displayed by various macrophage preparations and illustrate the potential usefulness of continuous cell lines in determining biochemical parameters associated with specific macrophage functions.
Valvuloplasty with trefoil and bifoil balloons and the long sheath technique. (1988)

The experimental and early clinical experience with percutaneous valvuloplasty using trefoil and bifoil balloon catheters (Schneider Shiley) and a long introducer sheath with a new back-up wire are reported. The trefoil balloon consists of three and the bifoil balloon of two angioplasty balloons mounted in parallel on a single catheter. Inflated, they form a rosette allowing for some blood flow through the spaces between the individual balloons. These small balloons are more pressure tolerant than one large balloon. The hemodynamic advantage of these balloons compared to single balloons could be demonstrated in animal experiments (healthy valves and surgically created stenoses). In 31 consecutive patients with trefoil-bifoil balloon valvuloplasty, there was no inhospital mortality. The results of trefoil valvuloplasty in twelve patients with pulmonary stenosis compared favorably to those of patients treated with single balloons. There were no technical failures or complications. There were two unsatisfactory results (severely dysplastic valve). In the aortic valve, the results with calcified stenoses were satisfactory at first but disappointing during follow-up. There were no technical failures but one of nine patients suffered an embolic myocardial infarction. In the mitral valve, there were two failures (one deficient equipment, one stroke during balloon positioning). In one case, insufficient balloon size led to an inadequate result. One patient needed surgical drainage for a pericardial tamponade. In two patients, mitral regurgitation was significantly increased. A 17F long sheath was developed to further facilitate balloon valvuloplasty. It guides the balloon catheter across the valve (and across the septum in case of the mitral valve), stabilizes it during inflation, and serves as a second pressure line to continuously monitor the transvalvular pressure gradient. It prevents bleeding at the puncture site during the intervention and presumably reduces the trauma to the artery. Because of its thrombogenic potential, heparinization of the patients is essential. The largest balloon accepted by the sheath is a 2 X 19 bifoil balloon which was the reason to use a bifoil balloon in some mitral valves. Trefoil balloons put in place through a long sheath provide some theoretical advantages over conventional single balloons introduced over guidewires that need to be evaluated by larger clinical studies. Although they do not prevent circulatory collapse during initial inflation in tight stenoses, they permit transvalvular flow when fully unfolded.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Primes Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Enhanced Chondrogenesis (2011)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into a variety of mature cell types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. It has previously been shown that, when expanded in medium supplemented with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), hMSCs show enhanced chondrogenesis (CG). Previous work concluded that the enhancement of CG could be attributed to the selection of a cell subpopulation with inherent chondrogenic potential. In this study, we show that FGF-2 pretreatment actually primed hMSCs to undergo enhanced CG by increasing basal Sox9 protein levels. Our results show that Sox9 protein levels were elevated within 30 minutes of exposure to FGF-2 and progressively increased with longer exposures. Further, we show using flow cytometry that FGF-2 increased Sox9 protein levels per cell in proliferating and non-proliferating hMSCs, strongly suggesting that FGF-2 primes hMSCs for subsequent CG by regulating Sox9. Indeed, when hMSCs were exposed to FGF-2 for 2 hours and subsequently differentiated into the chondrogenic lineage using pellet culture, phosphorylated-Sox9 (pSox9) protein levels became elevated and ultimately resulted in an enhancement of CG. However, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of Sox9 during hMSC expansion was unable to negate the prochondrogenic effects of FGF-2, suggesting that the FGF-2-mediated enhancement of hMSC CG is only partly regulated through Sox9. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which FGF-2 regulates predifferentiation hMSCs to undergo enhanced CG.
Use of Amitriptyline Cream in the Management of Entry Dyspareunia Due to Provoked Vestibulodynia (2012)

Topical amitriptyline cream should be considered for first-line treatment in the management of patients with provoked vestibulodynia causing entry dyspareunia. The response rate is reasonable (56%), and it eliminates the problems with systemic administration, namely, drowsiness and the difficulty patients have in accepting antidepressant medication for their condition.
Reasoning About Control: An Evidential Approach (1984)

Expert systems that operate in complex domains are continually confronted with the problem of deciding what to do next. Being able to reach a decision requires, in part, having the capacity to "reason" about a set of alternative actions. It has been argued that expert systems must reason from evidential information -- i.e., uncertain, incompletes, and occasionally inaccurate information. As a consequence, a model for reasoning about control must be capable of performing several tasks: to combine the evidential information that is generically distinct and from disparate sources; to overcome minor inaccuracies in the evidential information that is needed to reach a decision; to reason about what additional evidential information is required; to explain the actions taken (based on such information) by the system. These are a few of the formidable control problems that remain largely unsolved. If expert systems are to improve their performance significantly, they must utilize increasingly sophisticated and general models for dealing with the evidential information required for reasoning about their behavior. To this end we present an alternative, evidentially-based approach to reasoning about control that has several advantages over existing techniques. It enables us to reason from limited and imperfect information; to partition bodies of meta- and domain- knowledge into modular components; and to order potential actions flexibly by allowing any number of constraints (i.e., control strategies) to be imposed over a set of alternative actions. Furthermore, because it can be used for reasoning about the expenditure of additional resources to obtain the evidential information needed as a basis for choosing among alternatives, this approach can be employed recursively.
Wedding Dresses (1968)

The style of nineteenth century wedding dresses usually echoed the current fashionable toilette, and the bride tried to look as elegant and as attractive as she could, according to her means. Nevertheless, there were rules of etiquette that demanded that the bridal dress must be white, worn with a veil and orange flower wreath. A handbook published by Ward, Lock and Tyler on "How to Dress" in 1876 suggests "A Brussels lace ... over white satin, or a rich moiré-antique with point lace flounces, would each form a beautiful costume for a bride", and for the veil, "Brussels or point lace, or simple tulle with a plain hem".
The Importance of Follett (1994)

Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community has been digitised and can be accessed in full on this website. All content is freely available on an open-access basis. Serials was published between 1988 and 2011. In 2012, the journal was retitled and is now published as Insights: the UKSG journal.
Size and Configuration of Glycoprotein Fragments Cleaved from Tumor Cells by Proteolysis (1973)

Abstract Mucin-type glycoprotein material was fractionated by gel filtration after cleavage from viable TA3-Ha mouse mammary adenocarcinoma ascites cells by a modified trypsin. The macromolecular species present in each fraction were characterized by electron microscopy of metal-contrasted replicas as highly asymmetric rods. Investigation of one fraction gave close agreement for length by electron microscopic measurements and for a length calculated for a single polypeptide backbone model from a molecular weight value by short column sedimentation equilibrium, amino acid composition, and percentage of protein. This result supports a single, extended chain configuration for this fraction. With this value of molecular weight per unit length, approximate molecular weights of particles of the other fractions were calculated. Lengths of polypeptide chains varied from 50 nm (55,000 daltons) to greater than 700 nm, suggesting an average molecular weight for one fraction of over 500,000.
A deep multi-level network for saliency prediction (2016)

This paper presents a novel deep architecture for saliency prediction. Current state of the art models for saliency prediction employ Fully Convolutional networks that perform a non-linear combination of features extracted from the last convolutional layer to predict saliency maps. We propose an architecture which, instead, combines features extracted at different levels of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our model is composed of three main blocks: a feature extraction CNN, a feature encoding network, that weights low and high level feature maps, and a prior learning network. We compare our solution with state of the art saliency models on two public benchmarks datasets. Results show that our model outperforms under all evaluation metrics on the SALICON dataset, which is currently the largest public dataset for saliency prediction, and achieves competitive results on the MIT300 benchmark. Code is available at https://github.com/marcellacornia/mlnet.
Outcomes of older patients in ZUMA-1, a pivotal study of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (2020)

Neelapu and colleagues report a post hoc subgroup analysis from the ZUMA-1 trial of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In comparison with younger patients, those ≥65 years old have similar rates of complete response and durable response at 2 years, but higher rates of neurological toxicity.
Characterization and Partial Purification of a Novel Enzymatic Activity (1995)

An enzymatic activity that transfers N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate residues from UDP-GlcNAc to serine units in proteins (UDP-GlcNAc:Ser-protein N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase) was detected in membranes of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The enzyme was partially purified by affinity chromatography in concanavalin A-Sepharose and ion exchange chromatography in a Mono Q column. The enzyme showed an absolute requirement for bivalent cations, Mn2+ being more effective than Mg2+. It had a broad optimum pH value (6.5-9.0). The Km for UDP-GlcNAc was 18 microM. In cell free assays it used apomucin and native or 8 M urea-denatured thyroglobulin but neither bovine serum albumin nor native or denatured uteroferrin as exogenous acceptors. Analysis of proteins isolated from cells grown in the presence of [32P]phosphate and from the culture medium showed that the majority of proteins bearing the structure Glc-NAc-1-P-Ser were secreted. In equilibrium density centrifugations of microsomes, the enzyme appeared in membranes having lighter densities than the enzyme that phosphorylates high mannose-type oligosaccharides. This showed that the activity that phosphorylates serine residues in proteins (UDP-GlcNAc:Ser-protein N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase) is different from that phosphorylating protein-linked high mannose-type oligosaccharides (UDP-GlcNAc:glycoprotein N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase).
Optimal unified IIR architectures for time-recursive discrete sinusoidal transforms (1993)

An optimal unified architecture that can efficiently compute the discrete cosine, sine, Hartley, Fourier, lapped orthogonal, and complex lapped transforms for a continuous input data stream is proposed. This structure uses only half as many multipliers as the previous best known scheme. The proposed architecture is regular, modular, and locally connected. In the realisation of the discrete cosine transform, only 2N-2 multipliers are needed. A theoretical justification is provided showing that any discrete transform whose basic functions satisfy the fundamental recurrence formula has a second-order autoregressive structure in its filter realization. It is also demonstrated that dual generation transform pairs share the same autoregressive structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Glycols, Propylene Glycols (2000)

Abstract The propylene glycol family of chemical compounds consists of monopropylene glycol (PG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), and tripropylene glycol (TPG). These chemicals are manufactured as copoducts and are used commercially in a large variety of applications. They are available as highly purified products which meet well‐defined manufacturing and sales specifications. All commercial production is via the hydrolysis of propylene oxide. The propylene glycols are clear, viscous, colorless liquids that have very little odor, a slightly bittersweet taste, and low vapor pressures. The most important member of the family is monopropylene glycol, also known as 1,2‐propylene glycol, 1,2‐dihydroxypropane, 1,2‐propanediol, methylene glycol, and methyl glycol. All of the glycols are totally miscible with water. Propylene glycol, when produced according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration good manufacturing practice guidelines at a registered facility, meets the requirements of the U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. It is listed in the regulation as a direct additive for specified foods and is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). In addition, it meets the requirements of the Food Chemicals Codex and the specifications of the U.S. Pharmacopeia XXIII. Because of its low human toxicity and desirable formulation properties it has been an important ingredient for years in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products.
Auditory group theory with applications to statistical basis methods for structured audio (1998)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, 1998.
Asymmetric Mach-Zehnder germano-silicate channelwaveguide interferometersfor quantum cryptography systems (2001)

Asymmetric Mach-Zehnder channel waveguide interferometers possessing a 1.1 ns delay in one of the arms were fabricated using flame hydrolysis deposition of silica glass on silicon. Two modules were combined to form a single time-division interferometer for optical pulses. The composite interferometer exhibited a high fringe contrast ratio of 1:200 making it eminently suitable for use in compact, low error-rate quantum cryptography systems.
Cantilever beam electrostatic MEMS actuators beyond pull-in (2006)

The operational range of electrostatic MEMS parallel plate actuators can be extended beyond pull-in in the presence of an intermediate dielectric layer, which has a significant effect on the behavior of such actuators. Here, we study the behavior of cantilever beam electrostatic actuators beyond pull-in using a beam model along with a dielectric layer. The results from the simple beam model are validated with 3D simulations performed in CoventorWare TM . Three possible static configurations of the beam are identified over the operational voltage range. We call them floating, pinned and flat; the latter two are also called arc-type and S-type in the literature. We compute the voltage ranges over which the three configurations can exist and the points where transitions occur between these configurations. Voltage ranges are identified where bi-stable and tri-stable states exist. A classification of all possible transitions (pull-in and pull-out as well as transitions we term pull-down and pull-up) is presented based on the dielectric layer parameters. Dynamic stability analyses are presented for the floating and pinned configurations. For high dielectric layer thickness, discontinuous transitions between configurations disappear and the actuator has smooth predictable behavior, but at the expense of lower overall tunability.
Characteristics of amniotic fluid derived stem cells with trisomy 21 (2010)

목적: 다운증후군의 신경계 결함에 관련된 양수유래 줄기세포의 표지자를 정상과 비교 분석하였다. 연구 방법: 임신 중기에 산전 진단을 위해 시행한 양수천자를 통해 채취된 4개 표본의 양수세포는 염색체검사에서 2개는 21번 삼염색체로 확인되었고 다른 2개는 정상이었다. 두 단계로 이루어진 양수유래 줄기세포 배양을 통해 얻어진 줄기세포들을 분석하였다. 형태학 관찰, 염색체검사, 역전사효소 중합반응 및 Western blot 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 양수유래 줄기세포는 계대배양에서 높은 증식력을 보였으며 대부분 섬유아세포와 같은 방추상의 단핵세포로 관찰되었으며 드물게 원형의 단핵세포들도 있었다. 줄기세포의 염색체검사에서는 양수의 염색체검사와 동일하게 다운증후군 두 개의 표본은 21 삼염색체증 (47,XX,+21)이었고 정상 임신의 양수유래 줄기세포도 염색체검사 결과는 정상 (46,XX)이었다. 다운 증후군과 관련된 것으로 알려진 단백 분석에서는 S100β는 다운증후군에서 정상보다 증가되어 나타났으며 COL6A1은 정상에서는 발현되었으나 다운증후군에서는 발현되지 않았다. Insulin like growth factor binding protein-1의 발현은 정상과 다운증후군 모두에서 차이가 없었다. 줄기세포 표지자 유전자인 Oct4, nanog, SOX2는 모두 발현되었다. 반면에, c-Kit의 발현은 정상에서는 나타났으나 다운증후군에서는 검출되지 않았다. 신경세포 표지자인 NSE는 모두 발현되었으나, microtubule associated protein 2와 glial fibrillary acidic protein는 다운증후군에서 발현되지 않았다. 세포자멸사 (apoptosis)와 관련된 Bcl-2 gene family 단백에 대한 분석에서는 Bcl-XL은 다운증후군에서 정상보다 증가되어 발현되었으며 Bcl-2, Bid 단백 발현은 정상과 다운증후군에서 차이가 없었다. Bax는 다운증후군에서 감소되었다. 결론: 양수유래 줄기세포는 조직 공학과 세포치료에 탁월한 재료가 될 것이다. 다운증후군의 양수유래 줄기세포의 분자생물학적 특성에 대한 분석은 앞으로의 연구를 위한 기초를 제공할 것이다.
Decision Problems of Phrase-Structure Grammars (1964)

Phrase-structure grammars were first introduced and studied by Chomsky as devices for generating the sentences of a language. By means of increasingly heavy restrictions on the productions (rewriting rules), four types of grammars were singled out by Chomsky: type 0 (unrestricted), type 1 (context-dependent), type 2 (context-free), and type 3 (finite state). In this paper, a number of decision problems are resolved for these classes of grammars and the languages they generate, largely in the negative. A table of decision problems for grammars of the four different types is presented. This table indicates the problems which have been found to be decidable or undecidable. The ambiguity problem for type 3 grammars and the emptiness and infiniteness problems for type 2 grammars are shown to be decidable. A known unsolvable problem, the Post correspondence problem, is the key to the undecidability proofs which are given. For type 2 grammars, the ambiguity and equivalence problems are proved undecidable; the emptiness and infiniteness problems for type 1 grammars are shown to be undecidable. There is no algorithm to decide whether a language of a given type can be generated by a grammar of a more restricted type. The results on type 2 grammars were first obtained by Bar-Hillel, Perles, and Shamir.
The Synthesis and Polymerization of Some 2-Methyl-3-alkyl-1,3-butadienes<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Polymerization of Some 2-Methyl-3-alkyl-1,3-butadienes1C. S. Marvel and J. A. FullerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 6, 1506–1509Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01126a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01126a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts