gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Echocardiography in the sepsis syndromes (2011)

Abstract Purpose of the review Non-invasiveness and instantaneous diagnostic capability are prominent features of the use of echocardiography in critical care. Sepsis and septic shock represent complex situations where early hemodynamic assessment and support are among the keys to therapeutic success. In this review, we discuss the range of applications of echocardiography in the management of the septic patient, and propose an echocardiography-based goal-oriented hemodynamic approach to septic shock. Recent findings Echocardiography can play a key role in the critical septic patient management, by excluding cardiac causes for sepsis, and mostly by guiding hemodynamic management of those patients in whom sepsis reaches such a severity to jeopardize cardiovascular function. In recent years, there have been both increasing evidence and diffusion of the use of echocardiography as monitoring tool in the patients with hemodynamic compromise. Also thanks to echocardiography, the features of the well-known sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction have been better characterized. Furthermore, many of the recent echocardiographic indices of volume responsiveness have been validated in populations of septic shock patients. Conclusion Although not proven yet in terms of patient outcome, echocardiography can be regarded as an ideal monitoring tool in the septic patient, as it allows (a) first line differential diagnosis of shock and early recognition of sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction; (b) detection of pre-existing cardiac pathology, that yields precious information in septic shock management; (c) comprehensive hemodynamic monitoring through a systematic approach based on repeated bedside assessment; (d) integration with other monitoring devices; and (e) screening for cardiac source of sepsis.
Effect of Different Drugs Influencing Monoamine Neurotransmission on Haloperidol-Induced Catalepsy in Mice (2007)

Aim: Catalepsy occurs following high dopamine D2 receptor blockade by the typical antipsychotic drug haloperidol. The present study investigated the effect of different drugs affecting monoamine neurotransmission in this animal model of Parkinson&amp;apos;s disease in mice. Materials and Methods: Drugs were intraperitoneally administered with haloperidol 30 min prior to testing. Catalepsy was measured using the bar test. Results: Catalepsy duration was reduced by the non-selective noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibitors imipramine and amitriptyline (21.1% and 22.3% reduction by 20 mg/kg imipramine and amitriptyline, respectively). Catalepsy duration was increased by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and citalopram and by the serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor nefazodone (maximal increases of 112.4%, 38.5%, 30.8% and 112.4%, respectively). In contrast, the duration of catalepsy was decreased by the serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor sertraline (56.8%, 52.6%, 35.7%); by sibutramine, a serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (56.8%, 52.6%, 35.7%); and by Hypericum perforatum (31.9%, 33.2%, 39.6%) at 5, 10, 20 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions: Taken together, data in the present study suggest that drugs which have been reported to increase brain extracellular dopamine levels are likely to benefit motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson&amp;apos;s disease.
APF based on multilevel voltage source cascade converter with carrier phase shifted SPWM [active power filter] (2004)

A multilevel voltage source cascade converter (ML-VSCC) using a carrier phase-shifted SPWM (CPS-SPWM) technique has been proposed. Compared with the traditional multi-level converter, this kind of converter utilizes fewer power switches and has a balance load, a good linearity between input and output and a perfect control feature. A novel modulation strategy for ML-VSCC, sample time staggered space vector modulation (STS-SVM), is adopted. The equivalent switching frequency is improved and the harmonic component is greatly decreased under this technique. An active power filter with this technique has been simulated. It can be verified that this technique is very promising.
Context comparison as a minimum cost flow problem (2006)

Comparing word contexts is a key component of many NLP tasks, but rarely is it used in conjunction with additional ontological knowledge. One problem is that the amount of overhead required can be high. In this paper, we provide a graphical method which easily combines an ontology with contextual information. We take advantage of the intrinsic graphical structure of an ontology for representing a context. In addition, we turn the ontology into a metric space, such that subgraphs within it, which represent contexts, can be compared. We develop two variants of our graphical method for comparing contexts. Our analysis indicates that our method performs the comparison efficiently and offers a competitive alternative to non-graphical methods.
HyCache: A User-Level Caching Middleware for Distributed File Systems (2013)

One of the bottlenecks of distributed file systems deals with mechanical hard drives (HDD). Although solid-state drives (SSD) have been around since the 1990's, HDDs are still dominant due to large capacity and relatively low cost. Hybrid hard drives with a small built-in SSD cache does not meet the need of a large variety of workloads. This paper proposes a middleware that manages the underlying heterogeneous storage devices in order to allow distributed file systems to leverage the SSD performance while leveraging the capacity of HDD. We design and implement a user-level file system, HyCache, that can offer SSD-like performance at a cost similar to a HDD. We show how HyCache can be used to improve performance in distributed file systems, such as the Hadoop HDFS. Experiments show that HyCache achieves up to 7X higher throughput and 76X higher IOPS than Linux Ext4 file system, and can accelerate HDFS by 28% at 32-node scales (compared to vanilla HDFS).
Dual-Color-Coded Imaging of Viable Circulating Prostate Carcinoma Cells Reveals Genetic Exchange between Tumor Cells In Vivo, Contributing to Highly Metastatic Phenotypes (2005)

Color-coded imaging analysis revealed yellow fluorescent metastasis precursor cells that were readily recognized in the blood of tumor-bearing mice after mixtures of red fluorescent protein (RFP)- and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cells were implanted in the nude mouse prostate and metastasized. The yellow fluorescent cells were purified from the blood of nude mice to 99% homogeneity by FACS, expanded in culture, and reimplanted in the prostate of nude mice. The yellow fluorescent phenotype was heritable and stably maintained by tumor cells for many generations in vitro and in vivo. In the animals implanted with the yellow-fluorescing cells, 100% developed aggressive metastatic cancer. Lung metastases were demonstrated in 100% of the animals as early as four weeks after injection of the yellow-fluorescing cells in the mouse prostate. In contrast, when the GFP- and RFP-expressing parental cells were inoculated into the mouse prostate separately, none of the animals developed lung metastasis. All animals had almost exclusively yellow fluorescent cells in the blood and bone marrow. These results are consistent with the idea that spontaneous genetic exchange between tumor cells in vivo contributes to genomic instability and creation of highly metastatic cells.
Evaluation of PhaseWatcher Multiphase Flow Meter (MPFM) Performance in Sour Environments (2008)

Abstract Accurate oil, water and gas flow rate measurements from individual wells are essential in order to properly manage both the wells and reservoirs, as well as to obtain reliable data for production performance monitoring, optimization, allocation and simulation models1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Over the past three decades, there has been great advancement in the multiphase metering technology. These advancements have resulted in a significant improvement in measurement accuracy as well as in reducing the physical size of these meters which is a crucial element in limited-space environments as in offshore platforms. The intent of this paper is to present results of a compact Multiphase Flow Meter (MPFM) " PhaseWatcher?? based on information gathered from Saudi Arabia, where more than one hundred meters have been installed so far in several fields covering wide ranges of fluid properties and operating conditions. Moreover, the paper will discuss in detail the effect of crude sourness (H2S concentration) and pressure on the meter's measurement accuracy. Multiphase Flow Meter (MPFM) Design The PhaseWatcher is designed to measure the total volumetric flow rates of oil, water and gas at line conditions. These flow rates are converted to standard onditions via a pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) package, which can be either the default Black Oil Model or a specific model derived using a client supplied PVT data. The meter comprises of five basic components, Fig. 1:A Venturi meter with pressure transducers across it to measure the differential pressure between the inlet and throat of the Venturi.A nuclear dual energy fraction meter consisting of a Smart Detector and Barium Source, measures the count range of photons transmitted from the source to the detector at two different photon energy levels (the high energy level is used to measure the density of the mixture, while the low energy level is used to calculate the water-oil ratio).Process fluid temperature transducers, which measure the fluid temperature upstream of the Venturi section and the ambient temperature.A Blind Tee Static Mixer, used to homogenize the flow stream ahead of the Venturi meter.A process flow computer used to manipulate the measured data.
Resistance to HIV protease inhibitors (1998)

Resistance to the HIV-1 protease inhibitor indinavir involves the accumulation of multiple amino acid substitutions in the viral protease. A minimum of 11 amino acid positions have been identified as potential contributors to phenotypic resistance. Three or more amino acid substitutions in the protease are required before resistance becomes measurable (> or = four-fold). Further losses in susceptibility follow the stepwise accumulation of additional amino acid substitutions, indicating that antiviral activity (selective pressure) is maintained despite the appearance of multiple amino acid substitutions in the viral protease. Importantly, the sequential nature of these changes indicates that the effects of these substitutions are additive, and that the evolution of resistance is driven by viral replication. This result has significant implications for therapy. It predicts that viral variants resistant to indinavir are unlikely to pre-exist in protease inhibitor-naive patients, and further, that high-level resistance can only develop if the virus is allowed to replicate in the presence of the drug. The use of indinavir in combination with other antiretroviral agents has been demonstrated to dramatically reduce the incidence of resistance mutations, suggesting that with maximal suppression of viral replication, long-term control of HIV-1 infection may be achievable. Thus, the goal of therapy must be to never to allow the virus to replicate. This can be best accomplished by initiating therapy with a maximally suppressive regimen, to reduce viral replication as much as possible, and by imposing a high genetic barrier to resistance. Previous use of other protease inhibitors or inadequate adherence to therapy may compromise the long-term benefit of indinavir by allowing the virus to gain a foothold through the development of resistance. An understanding of these issues will be critical in realizing the full potential of this potent new drug for the control of HIV-1 infection.
An Mos Switched-Capacitor Interface for Capacitive Pressure Sensors. (1983)

This dissertation reports a new circuit approach to interfacing with capacitive pressure sensors. This approach is based on the use of a reference-charge differencing amplifier (RCDA), whose basic operation primarily relies on the charge storage capabilities of high-quality MOS capacitors. The RCDA consists of three major functional blocks: a passive switched-capacitor sensing block, an integrating gain stage and its associated integration capacitor, and a reset switch. As compared with conventional VCO-type circuitry, the RCDA offers several potential advantages, including improved signal resolution, lower temperature drift, less sensitivity to design- and process-related parameters, and greater compatibility with array-sensing applications. The RCDA has been integrated on a single chip using LOCOS E-D NMOS technology, and a differential pair of capacitive pressure transducers has been integrated on a second substrate. The pressure transducer exhibits a pressure sensitivity of about 340 ppm/mmHg near zero applied pressure and is fabricated using a diffused boron etch-stop. The dynamic range of the transducer is about 1800 mmHg. The performance of the NMOS op amp contained in the RCDA includes an open-loop gain of 1000, a 1% setting time of about 5 (mu)s into 30 pF, and a power dissipation of 2 mW at V(,DD) = 10 volts. The typical offset voltage of the op amp in a unity-gain configuration is 30 mV, and its average temperature coefficient is -0.15 mV/(DEGREES)C over the 0(DEGREES)C-100(DEGREES)C ambient temperature span. Experimental measurements have shown that capacitance changes as small as 1 fF (equivalent to a minimum detectable signal charge (MDSC) of 5 fC) can be detected with the RCDA. This is close to the theoretical limit of about 1 fC derived in this work. The overall temperature drift of the capacitive pressure sensor (RCDA and transducer) has been measured at less than -30 ppm/(DEGREES)C (equivalent to less than 1.0 mmHg/(DEGREES)C). Most of this drift was due to the transducer itself, which was not vacuum-sealed and was therefore subject to trapped gas expansion effects. The temperature coefficient of the RCDA alone is less than -50 ppm/(DEGREES)C, arising primarily from the temperature sensitivity of the MOS integration capacitor. These measured results agree closely with the theoretical analysis performed in this dissertation. The minimum resolvable capacitance change and the temperature sensitivity of the RCDA circuit are the lowest ever reported for an integrated capacitive pressure sensor.
Quantitative spatially resolved measurement of tissue chromophore concentrations using photoacoustic spectroscopy: application to the measurement of blood oxygenation and haemoglobin concentration (2006)

A new approach based on pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy for non-invasively quantifying tissue chromophore concentrations with high spatial resolution has been developed. The technique is applicable to the quantification of tissue chromophores such as oxyhaemoglobin (HbO(2)) and deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb) for the measurement of physiological parameters such as blood oxygen saturation (SO(2)) and total haemoglobin concentration. It can also be used to quantify the local accumulation of targeted contrast agents used in photoacoustic molecular imaging. The technique employs a model-based inversion scheme to recover the chromophore concentrations from photoacoustic measurements. This comprises a numerical forward model of the detected time-dependent photoacoustic signal that incorporates a multiwavelength diffusion-based finite element light propagation model to describe the light transport and a time-domain acoustic model to describe the generation, propagation and detection of the photoacoustic wave. The forward model is then inverted by iteratively fitting it to measurements of photoacoustic signals acquired at different wavelengths to recover the chromophore concentrations. To validate this approach, photoacoustic signals were generated in a tissue phantom using nanosecond laser pulses between 740 nm and 1040 nm. The tissue phantom comprised a suspension of intralipid, blood and a near-infrared dye in which three tubes were immersed. Blood at physiological haemoglobin concentrations and oxygen saturation levels ranging from 2% to 100% was circulated through the tubes. The signal amplitude from different temporal sections of the detected photoacoustic waveforms was plotted as a function of wavelength and the forward model fitted to these data to recover the concentrations of HbO(2) and HHb, total haemoglobin concentration and SO(2). The performance was found to compare favourably to that of a laboratory CO-oximeter with measurement resolutions of +/-3.8 g l(-1) (+/-58 microM) and +/-4.4 g l(-1) (+/-68 microM) for the HbO(2) and HHb concentrations respectively and +/-4% for SO(2) with an accuracy in the latter in the range -6%-+7%.
Advanced Modulation Formats and Digital Signal Processing in Optical Communications (2007)

Coherent detection enables near-ideal compensation of linear channel impairments by linear digital filters. Sampling at twice the symbol rate is sufficient. Digital feedforward carrier recovery can tolerate significantly more laser phase noise than phase-locked loops.
An efficient constant-Q spectrum analyzer architecture using polyphase filter bank (2010)

In this paper we present an extremely efficient constant-Q spectrum analyzer. By using half-band filtering and 2-to-1 down-sampling, the traditional analyzer successively shifts lower octaves to the same spectral interval so that the same post-processing can be applied to all of them. To decrease the total workload of such a structure a 4-path polyphase filter could be used to perform a 4-to-1 down-sampling before processing the octaves in the proportional bandwidth filter bank; this engine down-samples the current octave simultaneously translating it from quarter sample rate to base-band. In this paper we do much better! We propose a spectrum analyzer that uses only a 4-path polyphase channelizer along with a proportional bandwidth filter bank. The 4-path polyphase channelizer is used to perform 4-to-2 down-sampling. It is able to simultaneously shift lower octaves to the same spectral interval and translate the current octave to base-band allowing the proportional filter bank to work on a reduced sampling rate and decreasing the total workload of the system. To further reduce the workload recursive filters are used to implement the proportional bandwidth filters. A workload analysis along with a comparison between traditional and proposed constant-Q spectrum analyzer is also shown in this paper.
Mothers with Children and Mothers Alone: A Comparison of Homeless Families (1996)

Researchers usually define a homeless family as those parents accompanied by minor children. This study compares a sample of homeless mothers accompanied by their children to homeless mothers who report that their children are elsewhere. While there are some differences between these two groups such as age and number of children, there are also a number of similarities. Both groups of mothers report that they rely on family members and friends as sources of instrumental support. These networks are especially useful for housing children. The findings from this investigation suggest a need for a more inclusive definition of homeless families so that services can be geared towards all families affected by a loss of stable housing.
Highly enantioselective and recyclable organocatalytic Michael addition of malonates to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in aqueous media (2012)

A new type of pyrrolidine-based organocatalyst, which was developed earlier in our lab, has been found to be very effective for the Michael addition reaction in aqueous solvents involving a wide range of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and malonate derivatives. For the reactions studied, good to excellent yields (73%-96%) and high to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97%) were obtained using this catalyst. In addition, the catalyst could be recycled up to four times with gradual reductions in yields and enantioselectivity observed after the second cycle.
MicroRNA-143 suppresses gastric cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis by targeting COX-2 (2013)

Both miR-143-5p and miR-143-3p function as anti-oncomirs in gastric cancer. However, miR-143-5p alone directly targets COX-2, and it exhibits a stronger tumor suppressive effect than miR-143-3p.
Genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus in Yiwu,Zhejiang (2009)

Objective To investigate the genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Yiwu and provide reference for the epidemiological study and clinical diagnosis/treatment of hepatitis B. Methods Genotype of HBV (genotype B and C) was identified by using real time PCR directly. HBV genome extracted from hepatitis B patient blood serum was amplified by PCR with specified primers,and then target fragments in the agarose were purified and sequenced. The data were analyzed with CLUSTALX and Mega software. Results The analysis on genotype distribution of HBV among 102 hepatitis B patients indicated that genotype B accounted for 61.76% (63/102),genotype C accounted for 29.41% (30/102) and genotype B/C accounted for 8.82% (9/102). The results indicated that the differences on genotype B and genotype C cases between males and females were not significant statistically (χ2=0.03,P0.05),but the difference on genotype B/C cases between males and females had statistical significance (χ2=4.25,P0.05). The difference on HBV-DNA quantitive detection between genotype B cases and genotype C cases had no statistical significance (Uc=1.1213,P0.05). The positive rates of HBeAg for genotype B and genotype C cases were 33.33% and 20.00% respectively,which had no significant difference statistically (χ2=1.75,P0.05). Conclusion Genotype B,genotype C and genotype B/C of HBV were found in Yiwu,but genotype B was predominant. The genotype distribution of HBV in Yiwu had its own regional characteristics.
MONITORING AND FOSTERING LEARNING THROUGH GAMES AND EMBEDDED ASSESSMENTS (2008)

ABSTRACT To reveal what is being learned during the gaming experience, this report proposes an approach for embedding assessments in immersive games, drawing on recent advances in assessment design. Key to this approach are formative assessment to guide instructional experiences and evidence‐centered design to systematically analyze the assessment argument (including the claims about the learner and the evidence that supports or fails to support those claims). Elements of this approach that have been applied in a nongame setting are shown and ideas are discussed for applying the approach to an existing immersive game setting. Finally, the report offers suggestions for extending and applying this approach for existing games and the design of new ones.