gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WHAT-TO-TASTE: A FOOD RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM (2020)

The Food recommendation system software is relatively new in this era, with the recommendation system that focuses on the user preferences posited. Generally we get confused about what to eat or try next, this problem is solved by our project, which recommends food according to customer's experience, customer's ratings on cuisine and customer's taste. "What-To-Taste" is a food recommendation system which can be used by the food chain industry to keep recommending their customers about the cuisine, basically whatever they have in their menu, based on their customer tastes, interests and order history. Each human has a different taste that can be verified from recommendation data at every new place and the best cuisine served is location-dependent by rating through the customer. The Food recommendation system recommends by Food profiling, User profiling, and recommending the specific food item as per the last feedback submitted by the users.
FLEXIBLE INTERIM ANALYSIS METHOD FOR SAMPLE SIZE RE-ESTIMATION AND EARLY STOPPING: A CONDITIONAL POWER APPROACH (2001)

This paper proposes a flexible interim analysis method based on the conditional power approach described in Lan and Trost (1999). Accrued data are analyzed at time t, where 0 Ut) to claim significance. In (3) and (4), the null hypothesis is rejected if final Z-statistic exceeds Zα. This is accomplished by enforcing the appropriate use of conditional power for futility. The boundaries proposed balance the alpha inflation, due both to early stopping to claim significance and sample size re-estimation, with alpha deflation from early stopping for futility. Simulation results will be presented.
Analysis of the Conformation and Function of the Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Proteins MTRAP and PTRAMP (2012)

Thrombospondin repeat (TSR)-like domains are structures involved with cell adhesion. Plasmodium falciparum proteins containing TSR domains play crucial roles in parasite development. In particular, the preerythrocytic P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein is involved in hepatocyte invasion. The importance of these domains in two other malaria proteins, the merozoite-specific thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (MTRAP) and the thrombospondin-related apical membrane protein (PTRAMP), were assessed using near-full-length recombinant proteins composed of the extracellular domains produced in Escherichia coli. MTRAP is thought to be released from invasive organelles identified as micronemes during merozoite invasion to mediate motility and host cell invasion through an interaction with aldolase, an actin binding protein involved in the moving junction. PTRAMP function remains unknown. In this study, the conformation of recombinant MTRAP (rMTRAP) appeared to be a highly extended protein (2 nm by 33 nm, width by length, respectively), whereas rPTRAMP had a less extended structure. Using an erythrocyte binding assay, rMTRAP but not rPTRAMP bound human erythrocytes; rMTRAP binding was mediated through the TSR domain. MTRAP- and in general PTRAMP-specific antibodies failed to inhibit P. falciparum development in vitro. Altogether, MTRAP is a highly extended bifunctional protein that binds to an erythrocyte receptor and the merozoite motor.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzophenanthridines. Part 6. Conversions of Protoberberine Alkaloids to Benzo(c)phenanthridine Alkaloids. Hofmann Cleavage of α‐N‐ and β‐N‐Methyl‐(.+‐.)‐13α‐hydroxyxylopininium Iodides. (1989)

Abstract Starting from the dihydropapaverine (I) the α‐hydroxy‐norlaudanosine (II) is prepared, which is smoothly converted to (±)‐13‐α‐hydroxyxylopinine (IV) and thence to a separable 3:1 mixture of the cis‐ and trans‐dibenzoquinolizidinium iodides (VI) and (VII) ( 1 H, 13 C NMR data; X‐ray analysis of (VII): space group P1 with Z=2).
Preliminary Interpretation of Portland Cement Hydration Process Using Resistivity Measurements (2003)

A noncontacting electrical resistivity measurement device was recently invented to monitor and interpret the hydration process of cement paste with different water-cement ratios (w/cs). The minimum critical point M(t(m), ρ(m)), level end critical point L(t(1), ρ(1)), and inflection point I(t(i), ρ(i)) on resistivity curves were identified to divide the hydration process into a dissolving period, competition period, setting period, and hardening period. It is found that the resistivity curve is similar to curves of heat evolution of cement. The study showed that the new electrical resistivity device provides a sensitive and effective tool to monitor and interpret the hydration process of cement.
The biomechanics and energetics of human running using an elastic knee exoskeleton (2013)

While the effects of series compliance on running biomechanics are well documented, the effects of parallel compliance are known only for the simpler case of hopping. As many practical exoskeletal and orthotic designs act in parallel with the leg, it is desirable to understand the effects of such an intervention. Spring-like forces offer a natural choice of perturbation for running, as they are both biologically motivated and energetically inexpensive to implement. To this end, we investigate the hypothesis that the addition of an external elastic element at the knee during the stance phase of running results in a reduction in knee extensor activation so that total joint quasi-stiffness is maintained. An exoskeletal knee brace consisting of an elastic element engaged by a clutch is used to provide this stance phase extensor torque. Motion capture of five subjects is used to investigate the consequences of running with this device. No significant change in leg stiffness or total knee stiffness is observed due to the activation of the clutched parallel knee spring. However, this pilot data suggests differing responses between casual runners and competitive long-distance runners, whose total knee torque is increased by the device. Such a relationship between past training and effective utilization of an external force is suggestive of limitations on the applicability of assistive devices.
Hydrophobic amplification of noncovalent organocatalysis (2006)

The effects of hydrogen-bonding organocatalysts and water for the acceleration of epoxide openings with a variety of nucleophiles are additive and lead to excellent yields of the catalyzed reactions in water.
Orthotopic Transplantation of Aortic Valve Allografts. Early Hemodynamic Results (1984)

The aortic root as a functional unit includes the sinuses of valsalva, valve ring, the leaflets and the commissures. This unit is impaired by the insertion of a bioprosthetic three-leaflet valve. Moreover, bioprostheses fail because of fatigue and flexion stresses. Consequently a program was started for free-handed orthotopic transplantation of allogeneous aortic valves at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Kiel. A series of 16 consecutive antibiotic, sterilized aortic valve allografts were transplanted in the last 12 months without death. There were 4 females and 12 males between 18 and 63 years old (mean 47.9). The dominant lesion was aortic regurgitation (in 9), stenosis (in 3) and mixed (in 4). Out of the 13 patients who maintained their allografts, 10 (77%) were in class III and 3 (23%) in class IV of the NYHA functional classification. Four patients improved from class III to class I, and 9 from class III and IV to class II of the NYHA functional classification after surgery. All patients except one had postoperative recatheterization including videodensitometry to quantitate the regurgitation, expressed as a regurgitant fraction ( RGF ) in percent of the total stroke volume of the left ventricle, and pressure measurements to determine systolic gradients across the aortic valve allograft, 3 to 6 days and 9 months after surgery. Eleven (68.75%) patients had no regurgitation, 2 (12.5%) patients had trivial aortic regurgitation with RGF of 7% and 10%, respectively. Three (18.75%) patients had severe aortic valve regurgitation with RGF between 40% and 60% due to technical errors and their allografts had to be replaced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Noise tolerance of output-coded neural net (2002)

Error correcting codes were used previously to encode the output of feed-forward neural nets. We study the effect of additive noise on the performance of a coded net and compare it to an uncoded net. Some necessary analytical tools are developed to estimate the performance of a neural net in the presence of noise. Simulation examples (isolated word utterances recognition) are also included to show the advantage of coding in reducing the probability of classification error due to noise. In addition we point the use of the estimated performance as a lower limit to the performance of a multilayer neural net.
Autoreactive epitope profiles of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen define two classes of autoantibodies. (1994)

The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a conserved protein required for cellular DNA replication. PCNA was first recognized using serum from the autoimmune disease SLE. To analyze the regions on PCNA that confer autoantibody binding, we modified the cDNA encoding full-length PCNA to generate a series of amino terminal, carboxyl terminal and internally deleted constructs, which were transcribed and then translated in vitro using the wheat germ cell-free translation system. An immunoprecipitation assay was used to study the ability of these mutated forms of PCNA to bind anti-PCNA Abs from patients with SLE. Eight of the ten sera studied required a protein of nearly full length for binding: antigenicity was abrogated by removal of 39 amino acids from the amino terminus, by various internal deletions, or by the removal of 15 (but not 11) amino acids from the carboxyl terminus. The remaining two sera exhibited an Ab-binding specificity to the carboxyl-terminally truncated proteins similar to that of the majority of anti-PCNA sera, but their specificity was different in the amino terminus: these sera were able to recognize PCNA lacking over 40% of sequence in the amino terminus, but they did not bind proteins with short internal deletions in that region. Thus, these epitopes appear to be conformational and distinguish two classes of autoimmune sera.
Ion-assisted pulsed laser deposition of cubic boron nitride films (1994)

Ion-assisted pulsed laser deposition has been used to produce films containing ≳85% sp3-bonded cubic boron nitride (c-BN). By ablating from a target of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), BN films have been deposited on heated (50–800 °C) Si(100) surfaces. The growing films are irradiated with ions from a broad beam ion source operated with Ar and N2 source gasses. Successful c-BN synthesis has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The films are polycrystalline and show grain sizes up to 300 Å. In addition, Rutherford backscattering, elastic recoil detection, and Auger electron spectroscopies have been used to further characterize the samples. The effects of varying ion current density, substrate growth temperature, growth time, and ion energy have been investigated. It is found that stoichiometric films with a high c-BN percentage can be grown between 150 and 500 °C. Below ∼150 °C, the c-BN percentage drops dramatically, and the deposited film is completely resputtered at the current densities and ablation deposition rates used. As the deposition temperature rises above ∼500 °C the c-BN percentage also drops, but less dramatically than at low temperatures. In addition, the IR-active c-BN mode narrows considerably as the deposition temperature increases, suggesting that the c-BN material has fewer defects or larger grain size. It is found that films with a high c-BN percentage are deposited only in a narrow window of ion/atom arrival values that are near unity at beam energies between 800 and 1200 eV. Below this window the deposited films have a low c-BN percentage, and above this window the deposited film is completely resputtered. Using FTIR analysis, it is found that the c-BN percentage in these samples is dependent upon growth time. The initial deposit is essentially all sp2-bonded material and sp3-bonded material forms above this layer. Consistently, cross-section TEM samples reveal this layer to consist of an amorphous BN layer (∼30 Å thick) directly on the Si substrate followed by highly oriented turbostratic BN (∼300 Å thick) and finally the c-BN layer. The h-BN/t-BN interfacial layer is oriented with the 002 basal planes perpendicular to the plane of the substrate. Importantly, the position of the c-BN IR phonon changes with growth time. Initially this mode appears near 1130 cm−1 and decreases with growth time to a constant value of 1085 cm−1. Since in bulk c-BN the IR mode appears at 1065 cm−1, a large compressive stress induced by the ion bombardment is suggested. Possible mechanisms are commented on for the conversion process to c-BN based upon the results.
Cholera Toxin B Pretreatment of Macrophages and Monocytes Diminishes Their Proinflammatory Responsiveness to Lipopolysaccharide (2002)

The cholera toxin B chain (CTB) has been reported to suppress T cell-dependent autoimmune diseases and to potentiate tolerance of the adaptive immune system. We have analyzed the effects of CTB on macrophages in vitro and have found that preincubation with CTB (10 microg/ml) suppresses the proinflammatory reaction to LPS challenge, as demonstrated by suppressed production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12(p70), and NO (p < 0.01) in cells of macrophage lines. Pre-exposure to CTB also suppresses LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-12(p70) formation in human PBMC. Both native and recombinant CTB exhibited suppressive activity, which was shared by intact cholera toxin. In cells of the human monocyte line Mono Mac 6, exposure to CTB failed to suppress the production of IL-10 in response to LPS. Control experiments excluded a role of possible contamination of CTB by endotoxin or intact cholera toxin. The suppression of TNF-alpha production occurred at the level of mRNA formation. Tolerance induction by CTB was dose and time dependent. The suppression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 production could be counteracted by the addition of Abs to IL-10 and TGF-beta. IFN-gamma also antagonized the actions of CTB on macrophages. In contrast to desensitization by low doses of LPS, tolerance induction by CTB occurred silently, i.e., in the absence of a measurable proinflammatory response. These findings identify immune-deviating properties of CTB at the level of innate immune cells and may be relevant to the use of CTB in modulating immune-mediated diseases.
LOW TEMPERATURE PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY–DENSITOMETRY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM DIFFERENT SAGE (<i>SALVIA</i>) SPECIES (2010)

Essential oils of plant origin are the multicomponent mixtures of mono-, di-, tri-, and sesquiterpenes. Due to their recognized curative, cosmetic, and nutritional properties on the one hand and an outstanding modern analytical potential on the other, qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils currently is in the focus of interest for phytochemistry and pharmacognosy. Due to the recognized volatility of the essential oil components, in their case the analytical method of choice is gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). However, great versatility of planar chromatography has resulted in a number of successful applications of this relatively simple and inexpensive separation technique to the investigations on composition of the volatile plant constituents as well. Generally, the low temperature preparative layer chromatography (PLC) is used for preliminary fractionation of the essential oils, and the separated fractions are further analyzed by means of GC-MS. In this study, we scrutinized a possibility of using the low temperature analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to fingerprinting of the essential oils originating from the five different sage (Salvia) species, i.e., S. lavandulifolia, S. staminea, S. hians, S. triloba, and S. nemorosa. We also used the low temperature PLC for the preliminary fractionation of these essential oils prior to the GC-MS analysis. It was shown that the low temperature TLC can successfully be applied to fingerprinting the different sage (Salvia) species. Fractionation of the essential oils from the sage species by means of the low temperature PLC prior to the GC-MS analysis is also possible, although individual stages of the approach still need an additional optimization.
A robust adaptive control architecture for disturbance rejection and uncertainty suppression with <i>L</i><sub> ∞ </sub> transient and steady‐state performance guarantees (2012)

SUMMARY In this paper, a new adaptive control architecture for linear and nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems is developed to address the problem of high‐gain adaptive control. Specifically, the proposed framework involves a new and novel controller architecture involving a modification term in the update law that minimizes an error criterion involving the distance between the weighted regressor vector and the weighted system error states. This modification term allows for fast adaptation without hindering system robustness. In particular, we show that the governing tracking closed‐loop system error equation approximates a Hurwitz linear time‐invariant dynamical system with input–output signals. This key feature of our framework allows for robust stability analysis of the proposed adaptive control law using system theory. We further show that by properly choosing the design parameters in the modification term, we can guarantee a desired bandwidth of the adaptive controller, guaranteed transient closed‐loop performance, and an a priori characterization of the size of the ultimate bound of the closed‐loop system trajectories. Several illustrative numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for incorporating different sized cells into the finite-difference time-domain analysis technique (1992)

A method is presented that simplifies the process of incorporating a refined mesh around a discontinuity in a finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) algorithm. The technique is used to calculate the tangential electric fields on the boundaries between different sized cells in a variable step size mesh environment. A waveguide is modeled in two dimensions and the accuracy of the mesh refinement algorithm is tested by measuring the amount of field reflected during the transition from a coarse mesh to a fine mesh. The amount of error is found to be less than 1%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Static identification of delinquent loads (2004)

The effective use of processor caches is crucial to the performance of applications. It has been shown that cache misses are not evenly distributed throughout a program. In applications running on RISC-style processors, a small number of delinquent load instructions are responsible for most of the cache misses. Identification of delinquent loads is the key to the success of many cache optimization and prefetching techniques. We propose a method for identifying delinquent loads that can be implemented at compile time. Our experiments over eighteen benchmarks from the SPEC suite shows that our proposed scheme is stable across benchmarks, inputs, and cache structures, identifying an average of 10% of the total number of loads in the benchmarks we tested that account for over 90% of all data cache misses. As far as we know, this is the first time a technique for static delinquent load identification with such a level of precision and coverage has been reported. While comparable techniques can also identify load instructions that cover 90% of all data cache misses, they do so by selecting over 50% of all load instructions in the code, resulting in a high number of false positives. If basic block profiling is used in conjunction with our heuristic, then our results show that it is possible to pin down just 1.3% of the load instructions that account for 82% of all data cache misses.
Collaborative Study of the Rat Hemoglobin Repletion Test for Bioavailability of Iron (1974)

Abstract A collaborative study of the hemoglobin repletion test was conducted with male weanling rats. The rats were depleted for 4 weeks on a low-iron casein based diet. They were then divided into 13 comparable groups of at least 8 animals each. One group continued on the basal diet. Three groups were given different levels of each of 4 samples. Sample 1 was FeS04.7H20, used as the reference standard. Samples 2 and 3 were from the same lot of electrolytically reduced iron separated into fractions of different particle size by nitrogen elutriation, and were 7—10 and 27—40 /tm, respectively. Sample 4 was a mixture of several lots of food grade ferric orthophosphate. After 2 weeks on the test diets, individual blood samples were drawn for hemoglobin determinations. The data were analyzed by the parallel lines technique, and relative biological values, vs. FeS04 = 100, together with 95% confidence limits were calculated. The relative biological values were as follows: reduced iron, 7—10 /mi = 63.5 ± 10.9; reduced iron, 27— 40 /im = 3 7 . 9 ± 1 2 . 2 ; ferric orthophosphate = 44.5±4.8. This revised method for measuring bioavailability of iron has been adopted as official first action to replace the original method, 39.A15-39.A17.
The Effect of SiC Properties on the Performance of Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF) (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter) has been established as a key technology in reducing diesel PM emission. Also Catalyzed-DPF Systems are viewed as the next generation DPF System in the automotive sector, replacing the current Fuel Additive System. The performance requirements of the DPF-equipped vehicle are good fuel economy, good driving performance, high PM regeneration performance of accumulated soot and high durability. In this paper the effect of Catalyzed-DPF characteristics, such as porosity, pore size, cell structure and catalyst loading have been defined on pressure drop, filtration efficiency, regeneration efficiency and regeneration behavior.</div>
Detecção por sorologia do Melon yellowing associated virus (MYaV) em áreas produtoras de melão no Nordeste brasileiro (2009)

O Nordeste é a principal região produtora de melão do País, contribuindo com mais de 90% da produção nacional. Entretanto, o "amarelão do meloeiro", doença associada à presença de um novo vírus, o Melon yellowing-associated virus (MYaV), vem afetando a cultura desde 1999. Este trabalho teve como objetivo detectar a ocorrência do MYaV em meloeiros exibindo sintomas suspeitos da doença nos estados que são os maiores produtores da Região Nordeste. Em novembro de 2007, plantios comerciais de melão foram inspecionados para avaliar a ocorrência do "amarelão". Um total de 374 plantas foi coletado em áreas produtoras dos estados do RN (54) e CE (37) e também, do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco (283), situado nos Estados da BA e PE. A detecção do MYaV nas amostras foi realizada por DAS-Elisa utilizando-se anticorpos policlonais desenvolvidos pela Embrapa Hortaliças. Extratos preparados a partir de folhas e de hastes das plantas coletadas foram utilizados como antígeno. O MYaV foi detectado em 58,0% do total de plantas avaliadas, sendo que a concentração viral foi maior em hastes do que em folhas. A quantidade de plantas infectadas foi maior em amostras coletadas no RN (96,3%) e CE (75,7%) que no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco (PE e BA, com 48,4%). Estes resultados revelaram a ampla disseminação do MYaV nas principais áreas produtoras de melão da Região Nordeste e demonstraram a eficiência dos anticorpos na detecção viral.