gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Biological Electronic Sensors (2017)

The development of wireless biological electronic sensors could open up significant advances for both fundamental studies and practical applications in a variety of areas, including medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and defense applications. One of the major challenges in the development of wireless bioelectronic sensors is the successful integration of biosensing units and wireless signal transducers. In recent years, there are a few types of wireless communication systems that have been integrated with biosensing systems to construct wireless bioelectronic sensors. To successfully construct wireless biological electronic sensors, there are several interesting questions: What types of biosensing transducers can be used in wireless bioelectronic sensors? What types of wireless systems can be integrated with biosensing transducers to construct wireless bioelectronic sensors? How are the electrical sensing signals generated and transmitted? This review will highlight the early attempts to address these questions in the development of wireless biological electronic sensors.
Effects of adjuvants on herbicidal action. III. Effects of petroleum and rapeseed oils on diclofop-methyl action on ryegrass (1991)

— Petroleum oil, rapeseed oil and its methyl ester derivative enhance efficacy of an Illoxan CE emulsion of diclofop-methyl on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) by 65, 29 and 57% respectively. These adjuvants only marginally improve spray retention by plants. The abaxial leaf surface retains more spray than the adaxial surface: 3.4, 4.0, 7.3 and 6.9 times at 0, 30, 60 and 80 leaf inclination respectively. Droplet drying was 110 to 150% accelerated by both the oils and the emulsifier. This was accompanied by an increase in the spread of droplets : 3.7 times with the methyl ester derivative on a surface basis. Diclofop-methyl penetration into ryegrass (adaxial surface) was not affected by the emulsifier; was 210% increased by rapeseed oil, 310% by its methyl ester and 500% by petroleum oil. Diclofop-methyl penetration after 24 h was 20% of the applied herbicide on the adaxial surface (poorly wettable), but only 4% on the abaxial surface (highly wettable). Addition of rapeseed oil methyl ester derivative increased it to 81 and 9% respectively.
Scalable Boson Sampling with Time-Bin Encoding Using a Loop-Based Architecture (2014)

We present an architecture for arbitrarily scalable boson sampling using two nested fiber loops. The architecture has fixed experimental complexity, irrespective of the size of the desired interferometer, whose scale is limited only by fiber and switch loss rates. The architecture employs time-bin encoding, whereby the incident photons form a pulse train, which enters the loops. Dynamically controlled loop coupling ratios allow the construction of the arbitrary linear optics interferometers required for boson sampling. The architecture employs only a single point of interference and may thus be easier to stabilize than other approaches. The scheme has polynomial complexity and could be realized using demonstrated present-day technologies.
A Quantitative <i>in vivo</i> Method of Analyzing Human Tumor‐induced Angiogenesis in Mice Using Agarose Microencapsulation and Hemoglobin Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay (1995)

This study was conducted to develop a quantitative assay system for use in the in vivo evaluation in mice of angiogenesis induced by human tumor cells. The human epidermoid carcinoma cells, A431 cells, were cultured on microcarriers. Microcarrier-attached A431 cells (A431-MC) were microencapsulated with agarose hydrogel to isolate them from the immune system of the C57BL/6 mice after subcutaneous dorsal midline implantation. The agarose hydrogel-microencapsulated A431 cells (Aga-A431 cells; diameter=300 micron) survived for at least 10 days in vitro, and the proliferation profile of the Aga-A431 cells was indistinguishable from that of non-microencapsulated A431 cells. The Aga-A431 cells were subcutaneously injected into mice with an 18-gauge needle. Ten days later, few vessels had formed at the site implanted with cell-free agarose beads, whereas notable angiogenesis was observed at the site implanted with Aga-A431 cells. The degree of angiogenesis was evaluated by measurement of the hemoglobin content in the implanted site using a mouse hemoglobin (mHb) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. This mHb-ELISA system has the advantages of great simplicity and reproducibility. The measured mHb-content of new blood vessels at the site implanted with agarose beads was in good agreement with the amount of angiogenesis observed under a stereoscopic microscope. This assay system enabled us to evaluate the angiogenesis induced by xenogeneic cells, such as human tumor cells. Thus, our novel method may be useful for the study of the angiogenic potential of various human tumor cells and in research on the anti-angiogenic properties of various agents.
Plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide at admission and risk of cardiac death in patients with acute myocardial infarction (1992)

The measurement of atrial natriuretic peptide separated the patients into low and high risk groups after acute myocardial infarction.
Interferon-γ Induces Different Subunit Organizations and Functional Diversity of Proteasomes1 (1994)

To obtain information on the role of proteasomes in the immune system, we examined the effect of a major immunomodulatory cytokine, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), on the expressions, structures, and functions of proteasomes. IFN-gamma greatly increased the levels of the mRNAs encoding LMP2 and LMP7, putative immuno-proteasome subunits encoded by genes within the class II MHC region, and these two subunits synthesized were assembled completely into the proteasomal multi-subunit complex in various types of human cells. The subunit organization of proteasome changed in response to IFN-gamma stimulation, due to assembly of newly synthesized subunits through up- and down-expressions of at least 6 proteasome genes including LMP2/LMP7 without change in the structure of pre-existing proteasomes. Interestingly, IFN-gamma dramatically stimulated the trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like activities of the multifunctional proteasome and depressed the peptidylglutamyl-peptide-hydrolyzing activity, without affecting the activity for ATP-, ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. These results indicate that IFN-gamma modifies not only the structural organization of the proteasome, but also its functions. Based on these findings, we discuss the role in the antigen processing/presentation pathway of proteasomes with functional diversity acquired through alteration of their subunit assembly in response to IFN-gamma stimulation.
Using pitch frequency information in speech recognition (2003)

Automatic Speech Recognition systems typically use smoothed spectral features as acoustic observations. In recent studies, it has been shown that complementing these standard features with pitch frequency could improve the system performance of the system. While previously proposed systems have been studied in the framework of HMM/GMMs, in this paper we study and compare different ways to include pitch frequency in state-of-the-art hybrid HMM/ANN system. We have evaluated the proposed system on two different ASR tasks, namely, isolated word recognition and connected word recognition. Our results show that pitch frequency can indeed be used in ASR systems to improve the recognition performance.
Influence of a metallic or oxide top layer in epitaxial magnetic bilayers containing<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Co</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>111</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>tunnel barriers (2007)

We investigate the interaction of $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}(111)$ tunnel barriers with Co and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ electrodes in light of their potential as room temperature spin filters. The question of the exchange coupling that often prohibits the independent switching between a magnetic tunnel barrier and its magnetic electrode is addressed, as is the difference between an oxide/metal and oxide/oxide system. Our study of the magnetic reversal in the $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}∕\mathrm{Co}$ and $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}∕{\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ bilayers, supported by a detailed structural and chemical analysis of the samples and their interfaces, clearly evidences the effect of a metallic or an oxide interface. An unusual exchange spring magnet behavior arises in the case of the $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}∕{\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ samples due to the superexchange interactions found in these ferrimagnetic oxides. This unique exchange phenomenon at the oxide-oxide interface ultimately leads to a bilayer system displaying a two-phase magnetization loop without the insertion of a nonmagnetic spacer.
Fourier transform, electromodulated, infrared spectrometer for studies at the electrochemical interface (1988)

We report on a newly built infrared spectrometer to be used for vibrational studies at the electrochemical interface. The usual way to select the weak interface absorption consists in changing the electrode potential and measuring the associated change in absorption. However, up to now it was difficult to benefit from both the advantages of using a lock-in detection and Fourier transform spectroscopy. Our apparatus allows simultaneous use of these two techniques. This is achieved by using a slow scan speed (∼6 μm s−1) for the Michelson interferometer. The electrode potential may be modulated at a frequency as low as 100 Hz. The ultimate sensitivity of our apparatus corresponds to a relative change of transmitted light intensity of ΔI/I∼10−6, for a measuring time of 45 min, in the 800–4200 cm−1 range, with a resolution of 25 cm−1. Our ultimate resolution capability is 0.5 cm−1. Data are presented that have been obtained on the n-Si/acetonitrile interface using an attenuated total reflection geometry, which allows further improvement of the performances by one order of magnitude.
Effects of Substrate Temperature during Phosphor Layer Deposition on Luminance of SrS:Ce Blue-Green-Emitting Thin-Film Electroluminescent Devices (1991)

In order to improve the luminance of blue-green-emitting SrS:Ce thin-film electroluminescent devices, the effects of substrate temperature (350-550°C) during phosphor layer deposition were studied. Two deposition procedures were used: sulfur coevaporation and sulfurization of evaporation sources. The luminance increased with increasing substrate temperature in both cases. As the substrate temperature increased, oxygen content decreased and sulfur content remained almost constant for coevaporation; however, sulfur content increased while oxygen content remained low when the sulfurization technique was used. These changes led to improvement in the crystallinity of the phosphor layers. Also, sulfur and oxygen contents in phosphor layers deposited at 550°C by both procedures were almost the same, and as a result, the luminance levels were almost the same.
Eliciting design requirements for maintenance-oriented ides: a detailed study of corrective and perfective maintenance tasks (2005)

Several innovative tools have found their way into mainstream use in modern development environments. However, most of these tools have focused on creating and modifying code, despite evidence that most of programmers' time is spent understanding code as part of maintenance tasks. If new tools were designed to directly support these maintenance tasks, what types would be most helpful? To find out, a study of expert Java programmers using Eclipse was performed. The study suggests that maintenance work consists of three activities: (1) forming a working set of task-relevant code fragments; (2) navigating the dependencies within this working set; and (3) repairing or creating the necessary code. The study identified several trends in these activities, as well as many opportunities for new tools that could save programmers up to 35% of the time they currently spend on maintenance tasks.
Reduction of infectious complications following heart transplantation with triple-drug immunotherapy. (1986)

Infection remains the major cause of mortality and is a significant source of morbidity following heart transplantation. Between March 1978 and March 1986, 62 orthotopic heart transplants were performed at the University of Minnesota. There were 56 clinically significant infectious episodes in 31 of the 58 patients surviving the perioperative period. The era I (1978-1982) experience with antilymphocyte globulin, prednisone, and azathioprine and the era II (1982-1983) experience with high-dose cyclosporine and prednisone were associated with a high incidence of cytomegalovirus and fungal infections. The conversion to low-dose triple-drug immunosuppression with cyclosporine, prednisone, and azathioprine in 1983 (era III) has markedly reduced infectious deaths and altered the spectrum of clinical infection by decreasing serious fungal and cytomegalovirus infections. This protocol has also significantly reduced the incidence of rejection. The reduction of infection and rejection complications with triple-drug immunosuppression has led to improved patient survival of 94% at 1 year and 87% at 2 years.
Interlinking the Social Web with Semantics (2008)

One of the most visible trends on the Web is the emergence of Social Web sites, which help people create and gather knowledge by simplifying user contributions via blogs, tagging and folksonomies, wikis, podcasts, and online social networks. Current online-community sites are isolated from one another, like islands in a sea. Various discussions might contain complementary knowledge and discussions—parts of the answer a person is looking for—but people participating in one discussion can't readily access information about related discussions elsewhere. The potential synergies among many sites, communities, and services are expensive to exploit, and their data are difficult and cumbersome to link and reuse. The main reason for this lack of interoperation is that for the most part in the Social Web, common standards still don't exist for knowledge and information exchange and interoperation. However, the Semantic Web effort aims to provide the tools needed to define extensible, flexible standards for this purpose. The Semantic Web technology stack is well defined, enabling the creation of metadata and associated vocabularies. The Semantic Web effort is in an ideal position to make Social Web sites interoperable. Applying Semantic Web frameworks including SIOC (Semantically Interlinked Online Communities) and FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend) to the Social Web can lead to a Social Semantic Web, creating a network of interlinked and semantically rich knowledge. This article is part of a special issue called Semantic Web Update.
Generation of Knock-in Mice Carrying Third Cones with Spectral Sensitivity Different from<i>S</i>and<i>L</i>Cones (2005)

Red-green color vision in primates is unique in the sense that it is mediated by two photoreceptor cells that are indistinguishable in all aspects except for their visual pigments. In order to generate an animal model for investigation of the interaction between red-green inputs at the molecular level, we applied knock-in technology and X-chromosome inactivation machinery to make a mouse model with cone cells possessing visual pigments with different spectral sensitivities. We introduced a S308A point mutation into the Green opsin gene allele on the X-chromosome. This manipulation generated a 24 nm red-shift of absorption maximum in the cone pigment with negligible functional differences in other molecular properties. Amplitudes of responses in ERG and ganglion cell recordings of homozygotes were similar to those of wild-types, although the spectral sensitivities differed. Heterozygotes showed variable spectral sensitivities of ganglion cell responses due to the different integration of the native and the S308A cone inputs on the dendritic fields. In situ hybridization experiments showed that cone cells with respective pigments formed patch-like clusters of specific L cone-types, approximately 30 mum in diameter, which were randomly distributed in the dorsal region of the retinas. Since the patch-like clustering was arranged by X-inactivation, such clustering could be present in the peripheral retinas of New World monkeys with polymorphic L pigments, indicating that our mice would be a suitable model to study evolution of the mammalian color vision system.
NCSU: Modeling Temporal Relations with Markov Logic and Lexical Ontology (2010)

As a participant in TempEval-2, we address the temporal relations task consisting of four related subtasks. We take a supervised machine-learning technique using Markov Logic in combination with rich lexical relations beyond basic and syntactic features. One of our two submitted systems achieved the highest score for the Task F (66% precision), untied, and the second highest score (63% precision) for the Task C, which tied with three other systems.
Polymer Phosphorescent Light-Emitting Devices Doped with Iridium Complex (2009)

We herein report on polymer phosphorescent light-emitting devices doped with iridium complex. The emitting layer of poly(N-vinylcabazole) and tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium was fabricated by low speed dip-coating of 10, 20 μm/s. The devices showed stable current increasing leakage current at turn-on voltage. Compared to conventional spin-coating based organic light-emitting devices, the driving voltage by dip-coating observed lower values of 5.8 and 6.7 V at the luminance of 100 Cd/cm 2 .
Bipartite structure of the downstream element of the mouse beta globin (major) poly(A) signal (1992)

The downstream region of the mouse beta (major) globin poly(A) signal was mutated and analyzed for function in transfected COS cells. From analysis of unidirectional Bal31 deletions, the 3' boundary of the downstream element was defined as +22 (22 nucleotides downstream from the cleavage site). Analysis of cluster mutations, in which 5 or 6 adjacent bases were replaced with a random CA-containing sequence in a manner that did not alter spacing, confirmed +22 as the 3' boundary of the downstream element. The analysis also revealed two short UG-rich sequences, located from +5 to +10 and from +17 to +22, as major functional components. In contrast, a more refined series of mutations, in which clusters of 3 bases were replaced, failed to cause loss of function. We conclude that the downstream element of the mouse beta globin poly(A) signal is bipartite in structure, and that portions of its sequence are functionally redundant.
The Genome of <i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i> Nudivirus Indicates an Ancient Diversification of Baculovirus-Related Nonoccluded Nudiviruses of Insects (2007)

The Gryllus bimaculatus nudivirus (GbNV) infects nymphs and adults of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). GbNV and other nudiviruses such as Heliothis zea nudivirus 1 (HzNV-1) and Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) were previously called "nonoccluded baculoviruses" as they share some similar structural, genomic, and replication aspects with members of the family Baculoviridae. Their relationships to each other and to baculoviruses are elucidated by the sequence of the complete genome of GbNV, which is 96,944 bp, has an AT content of 72%, and potentially contains 98 predicted protein-coding open reading frames (ORFs). Forty-one ORFs of GbNV share sequence similarities with ORFs found in OrNV, HzNV-1, baculoviruses, and bacteria. Most notably, 15 GbNV ORFs are homologous to the baculovirus core genes, which are associated with transcription (lef-8, lef-9, lef-4, vlf-1, and lef-5), replication (dnapol), structural proteins (p74, pif-1, pif-2, pif-3, vp91, and odv-e56), and proteins of unknown function (38K, ac81, and 19kda). Homologues to these baculovirus core genes have been predicted in HzNV-1 as well. Six GbNV ORFs are homologous to nonconserved baculovirus genes dnaligase, helicase 2, rr1, rr2, iap-3, and desmoplakin. However, the remaining 57 ORFs revealed no homology or poor similarities to the current gene databases. No homologous repeat (hr) sequences but fourteen short direct repeat (dr) regions were detected in the GbNV genome. Gene content and sequence similarity suggest that the nudiviruses GbNV, HzNV-1, and OrNV form a monophyletic group of nonoccluded double-stranded DNA viruses, which separated from the baculovirus lineage before this radiated into dipteran-, hymenopteran-, and lepidopteran-specific clades of occluded nucleopolyhedroviruses and granuloviruses. The accumulated information on the GbNV genome suggests that nudiviruses form a highly diverse and phylogenetically ancient sister group of the baculoviruses, which have evolved in a variety of highly divergent host orders.
Changes in Hematological Parameters of Athletes after Receiving Daily Dose of a Mixture of 12 Amino Acids for One Month during the Middle- and Long-distance Running Training (2001)

Previous studies have shown that a mixture of amino acids, consisting of 9 essential amino acids and 3 non-essential amino acids was effective in facilitating muscle recovery from athletic activities. In this study, the objective was to determine whether this amino acid mixture improved the physical condition and associated blood parameters of athletes in training when administered for a prolonged period. Thirteen college middle- and long-distance runners were placed in a 6-month experiment and received the amino acid mixture at the dose of 2.2 g/day for one month, 4.4 g/day for one month, and 6.6 g/day for one month with washout periods between test periods. The physical condition was scored and blood samples were collected before and after each test period. When the subjects received 2.2 g of the amino acid mixture three times a day, the physical condition was significantly improved along with increases in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum albumin, and fasting glucose, and a decrease in creatine phophokinase (p<0.05), suggesting increased hematopoiesis and glycogenesis, and rapid alleviation of muscle inflammation by the amino acid mixture.
A high security log-in procedure (1974)

The protection of time sharing systems from unauthorized users is often achieved by the use of passwords. By using one-way ciphers to code the passwords, the risks involved with storing the passwords in the computer can be avoided. We discuss the selection of a suitable one-way cipher and suggest that for this purpose polynomials over a prime modulus are superior to one-way ciphers derived from Shannon codes.