gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Effect of pepstatin A on Candida albicans infection in the mouse]. (1990)

The intravenous injection of 10(6) to 10(7) Candida albicans cells revealed to be a reliable model in mice produce infections of the kidney. Higher germ contents could be yielded in the kidney after the application of protease positive Candida-strains as compared to protease negative ones. Additionally, after the infection with protease positive strains a proteolytic activity could be found in the kidney homogenates in vitro on casein plates. The modulation of this Candida infection by pepstatin A, an inhibitor of extracellular yeast proteases in vitro, has also been studied in the same mice model in vivo. The growth rate of Candida albicans has been measured in the left kidney by counting the germ content as described by Haenel. Infections could be reduced after single doses of 120 micrograms pepstatin A contrary to 60 micrograms pepstatin A. The same was with three doses of 180 micrograms at 24 h intervals. This protease inhibitory effect could also be found in kidney homogenates in vitro on casein plates and lasted until 48 h post injection. On the basis of this positive effects on the Candida infection in mice pepstatin A should be considered as an adjuvans in the therapy of severe yeast infections.
Multifunctional Flow-injection Biosensor for the Simultaneous Measurement of Creatinine, Glucose, and Urea (1993)

An amperometric flow-injection biosensor system was developed for the simultaneous measurement of creatinine, glucose, and urea, with a single sample injection and one detector. The principle for the amperometric detection of urea and creatinine was based on coupled reactions of three sequentially aligned enzyme reactors, urease or creatinine deiminase/glutamate dehydrogenase/L-glutamate oxidase. Inclusion of a split point and two confluence points between the injector and detector (oxygen electrode) resulted in a flow-injection system composed of three channels. Triple peak recording was obtained by putting two delay coils of different lengths at the channels involving urease and glucose oxidase. The system gave linear calibrations for creatinine, glucose, and urea in the ranges of 0.2-5, 0.2-10, and 0.5-20mM, respectively. The assay procedure was simple and one run was completed within 4 min. The system was reproducible within 5-8% of relative standard deviation.
Functional brain imaging using a blood oxygenation sensitive steady state (2003)

Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) is an important method for functional neuroimaging that is sensitive to changes in blood oxygenation related to brain activation. While BOLD imaging has good spatial coverage and resolution relative to other neuroimaging methods (such as positron emission tomography (PET)), it has significant limitations relative to other MRI techniques, including poor spatial resolution, low signal levels, limited contrast, and image artifacts. These limitations derive from the coupling of BOLD functional contrast to sources of image degradation. This work presents an alternative method for fMRI that may over-come these limitations by establishing a blood oxygenation sensitive steady-state (BOSS) that inverts the signal from deoxygenated blood relative to the water signal. BOSS fMRI allows the imaging parameters to be optimized independently of the functional contrast, resulting in fewer image artifacts and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In addition, BOSS fMRI has greater functional contrast than BOLD. BOSS fMRI requires careful shimming and multiple acquisitions to obtain a precise alignment of the magnetization to the SSFP frequency response.
Utilizing verification and validation certificates to estimate software defect density (2005)

In industry, information on defect density of a product tends to become available too late in the software development process to affordably guide corrective actions. Our research objective is to build a parametric model which utilizes a persistent record of the validation and verification (V&V) practices used with a program to estimate the defect density of that program. The persistent record of the V&V practices are recorded as certificates which are automatically recorded and maintained with the code.PhD Advisor: Dr. Laurie Williams, [email protected]
Novel DNA Aptamers for Parkinson’s Disease Treatment Inhibit α-Synuclein Aggregation and Facilitate its Degradation (2018)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent forms of synucleinopathies, and it is characterized neuropathologically by the presence of intracellular inclusions composed primarily of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) in neurons. The previous immunotherapy targeting the α-syn in PD models with monoclonal antibodies has established α-syn protein as an effective target for neuronal cell death. However, due to the essential weaknesses of antibody and the unique features of aptamers, the aptamers could represent a promising alternative to the currently used antibodies in immunotherapy for PD. In this study, the purified human α-syn was used as the target for in vitro selection of aptamers using systematic evolution by exponential enrichment. This resulted in the identification of two 58-base DNA aptamers with a high binding affinity and good specificity to the α-syn, with K<sub>D</sub> values in the nanomolar range. Both aptamers could effectively reduce α-syn aggregation in vitro and in cells and target the α-syn to intracellular degradation through the lysosomal pathway. These effects consequently rescued the mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular defects caused by α-syn overexpression. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ aptamers to block the aberrant cellular effects of the overexpressed α-syn in cells.
EXPLICIT DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF DROP-WEIGHT LOW VELOCITY IMPACT ON CARBON FIBROUS COMPOSITE PANELS (2015)

Finite element computational model was developed to simulate impact behaviour and predict the failure response of carbon fibrous composite panels subjected to low velocity drop-weight impact on the partitioned area where an impactor of flat-nosed tip hits the target. Critical damage regions under impactors ’ tips are very complicated phenomenon to study since internal load re-distributes after impact and damage accumulates in through-the-thickness plies. Transformation of mathematical formulations into numerical model and writing modular code also need extensive efforts and time. However, efficient way of solving the problems using commercial software generated simulations. For this work, commercially available software ABAQUSTM was selected, which incorporates shell elements and stacks of plies. The user Table option of the software provides an extended amount of input data without having to re-link the code that could be utilised for various load cases. Model developing and simulation techniques associated with the software usage are presented herein. The developed models are capable to simulate impact phenomena of various drop weights for parametric studies. The methodology applied consists of computing in-plane stresses from the model and using Trapezium rule to calculate transverse shear stresses from the standard equilibrium equations. The method is simple and efficient to predict equivalent 3-D transverse shear stresses from a 2-D model. These predicted and calculated stresses were used in failure theories to predict possible failure modes. Some of the results from failure threshold loads were selected and included in the form of
Cryptographically-Curated File System (CCFS): Secure, inter-operable, and easily implementable Information-Centric Networking (2014)

Cryptographically-Curated File System (CCFS) proposed in this work supports the adoption of Information-Centric Networking. CCFS utilizes content names that span trust boundaries, verify integrity, tolerate disruption, authenticate content, and provide non-repudiation. Irrespective of the ability to reach an authoritative host, CCFS provides secure access by binding a chain of trust into the content name itself. Curators cryptographically bind content to a name, which is a path through a series of objects that map human meaningful names to cryptographically strong content identifiers. CCFS serves as a network layer for storage systems unifying currently disparate storage technologies. The power of CCFS derives from file hashes and public keys used as a name with which to retrieve content and as a method of verifying that content. We present results from our prototype implementation. Our results show that the overhead associated with CCFS is not negligible, but also is not prohibitive.
The effect of practice upon visualizing and upon the reproduction of visual impressions. (1911)

Real objects, pictures, and nonBense-drawings were shown to three observers for moderate times (10 to 60 sec).Exact reproduction by drawing, sometimes supplemented by written description, was then required.Stress was laid upon introspection of the observing and reproducing consciousness.Each obsener demoted to the work about forty hours, distributed through ten weeks.Ability to reproduce increased with practice, although the increase was rapid at first and slow later.The greatest gain of final over initial ability was 44%; the least, 6%.The chief reasons for the practice-improvement were: 1. Confidence and "doing one's best" replaced discouragement and "giving up."2. Familiarity with material lessened the difficulty.3. The observers learned where and how to distribute attention effectively.4. More efficient methods of work were adopted.Tricks of counting, naming, grouping, etc., were discovered and used.5. Regular and definite procedure replaced liap-hazard, unorganized procedure.In no case did practice increase the ability or even the tendency to visualize.The best reproducer of visual impressions was the poorest visualizer, and relied almost wholly upon verbal cues for recall.Our results show that the ability gained is very specific.THE PROBLEM.The problem, as we first roughly stated it to ourselves was: "What is the value of such a formal training in "visualizing" as is sometimes recommended for school exercises?Bv the
Radioprotective−Antimutagenic Effects of Rosemary Phenolics against Chromosomal Damage Induced in Human Lymphocytes by γ-rays (2006)

The radioprotective effects of carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (COL), and rosmarinic acid (RO) against chromosomal damage induced by gamma-rays, compared with those of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and the S-containing compound dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were determined by use of the micronucleus test for antimutagenic activity, evaluating the reduction in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in cytokinesis-blocked cells of human lymphocytes before and after gamma-ray irradiation. With treatment before gamma-irradiation, the most effective compounds were, in order, CA > RO > or = COL > AA > DMSO. The radioprotective effects (antimutagenic) with treatment after gamma-irradiation were lower, and the most effective compounds were CA and COL. RO and AA presented small radioprotective activity, and the sulfur-containing compound DMSO lacked gamma-ray radioprotection capacity. Therefore, CA and COL are the only compounds that showed a significant antimutagenic activity both before and after gamma-irradiation treatments. These results are closely related to those reported by other authors on the antioxidant activity of the same compounds, and the degree of effectiveness depends on their structure. Furthermore, the results for treatments before and after gamma-ray irradiation suggest the existence of different radioprotective mechanisms in each case.
617 Effect of Residual Stress on Bending Strength of Thermal Spray Coatings (2001)

The bending strength of thermal spray coatings was investigated using acoustic emission (AE) method and in-situ observation. An atmospheric plasma spray method was used to form the thermal spray coating on steel substrates. Cumulative AE event was rapidly increased at a certain applied bending strain. Macro-cracks were formed in the coating at the AE rapidly increasing point. The macroscopic crack formation is precursory phenomenon of the coating peeling. Therefore, the bending strength of the thermal spray coating can be evaluated by the AE rapidly increasing point. The effects of the residual stress in the coating on the bending strength were investigated. The AE rapidly increasing point was increased with increasing the tensile residual stress.
Automated fault detection without seismic processing (2017)

For hydrocarbon exploration, large volumes of data are acquired and used in physical modeling-based workflows to identify geologic features of interest such as fault networks, salt bodies, or, in general, elements of petroleum systems. The adjoint modeling step, which transforms the data into the model space, and subsequent interpretation can be very expensive, both in terms of computing resources and domain-expert time. We propose and implement a unique approach that bypasses these demanding steps, directly assisting interpretation. We do this by training a deep neural network to learn a mapping relationship between the data space and the final output (particularly, spatial points indicating fault presence). The key to obtaining accurate predictions is the use of the Wasserstein loss function, which properly handles the structured output — in our case, by exploiting fault surface continuity. The promising results shown here for synthetic data demonstrate a new way of using seismic data and suggest more direct methods to identify key elements in the subsurface.
Thermal-induced shape evolution from uniform triangular to hexagonal r-BN nanoplates (2009)

The shape evolution from uniform triangular boron nitride nanoplates of rhombohedral phase (r-BN) to hexagonal r-BN nanoplates was achieved through a simple calcination process in flowing N2 at 1000 °C for 8 h. The average thickness of the triangular and hexagonal r-BN nanoplates is similar (∼50 nm), while their average edge sizes are 360 and 320 nm, and their intense emission bands are centered at 316 and 297 nm (λex = 200 nm), respectively. TGA analysis results reveal that hexagonal r-BN nanoplates have superior thermal stability compared with the triangular nanoplates especially above 800 °C under ambient atmosphere. The possible mechanism of the thermally induced conversion from triangular to hexagonal r-BN nanoplates is discussed.
Detection of focal hepatic lesions with spiral CT: comparison of 4- and 8-mm interscan spacing. (1993)

Spiral CT with smaller interscan spacing (4 instead of 8 mm) results in increased confidence in and rate of detection of focal liver lesions. The additional benefit is most significant with smaller lesions.
A Resilient 2-D Waveguide Communication Fabric for Hybrid Wired-Wireless NoC Design (2016)

Hybrid wired-wireless Network-on-Chip (WiNoC) has emerged as an alternative solution to the poor scalability and performance issues of conventional wireline NoC design for future System-on-Chip (SoC). Existing feasible wireless solution for WiNoCs in the form of millimeter wave (mm-Wave) relies on free space signal radiation which has high power dissipation with high degradation rate in the signal strength per transmission distance. Moreover, over the lossy wireless medium, combining wireless and wireline channels drastically reduces the total reliability of the communication fabric. Surface wave has been proposed as an alternative wireless technology for low power on-chip communication. With the right design considerations, the reliability and performance benefits of the surface wave channel could be extended. In this paper, we propose a surface wave communication fabric for emerging WiNoCs that is able to match the reliability of traditional wireline NoCs. First, we propose a realistic channel model which demonstrates that existing mm-Wave WiNoCs suffers from not only free-space spreading loss (FSSL) but also molecular absorption attenuation (MAA), especially at high frequency band, which reduces the reliability of the system. Consequently, we employ a carefully designed transducer and commercially available thin metal conductor coated with a low cost dielectric material to generate surface wave signals with improved transmission gain. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed communication fabric can achieve a 5 dB operational bandwidth of about 60 GHz around the center frequency (60 GHz). By improving the transmission reliability of wireless layer, the proposed communication fabric can improve maximum sustainable load of NoCs by an average of 20:9 and 133:3 percent compared to existing WiNoCs and wireline NoCs, respectively.
A 3-Axis Gyroscope for Electronic Stability Control With Continuous Self-Test (2015)

A three-axis automotive gyroscope ASIC for electronic stability control (ESC) with noise density that is less than 0.004°/s/√Hz in a 80 Hz bandwidth and an offset drift lower than ±0.1°/s over the automotive temperature range -40 to 140 °C, without any temperature compensation, is reported. A closed-loop, force-feedback architecture along with electromechanical quadrature cancellation enables the low noise and low offset-drift performance. The application of this work needs to meet the ASIL-D automotive safety standard which requires the highest level of automotive safety. Therefore, this work also presents a low-overhead approach for implementing accurate continuous safety monitoring to monitor defects, which can develop in the field, and can give rise to a false output. To achieve this, two test signals are injected into the quadrature cancellation loop to traverse the entire signal path. The system is clocked by a low-phase noise PLL, which allows the coexistence of the test signals and the measured signal in close proximity, without a noise penalty. The architecture of the drive loop is chosen to not only achieve low-phase noise but also robustness to parasitic mechanical modes of the sensor.
SYNTHESIS AND MASS SPECTRA OF ADAMANTYLPHOSPHORYL DERIVATIVES (1986)

Abstract The syntheses of 25 phosphorylated adamantane derivatives are described and their mass spectra are discussed.
Application of EOR Technology by Means of Polymer Flooding in Bohai Oil Fields (2006)

Abstract Enhanced oil recovery by means of polymer flooding is considered as an important technology for the strategic development of offshore oilfields in China. The implementation of polymer flooding in the offshore oilfields requires overcoming several major technical problems caused largely by the absence of a fresh water source and limited space on the platform. A pilot test of polymer flooding was conducted in SZ36-1 Oilfield located in Bohai Bay, China. The problems mentioned above were solved through the development of (1) a hydrophobically associating polymer tolerant to salts in the brine and produced water and (2) a portable automatic injection unit. The significant incremental oil and decrement of water cut were observed after 8 months of polymer injection. The successful implementation of polymer flooding makes three breakthroughs: (1) the first polymer flooding pilot test in offshore oilfields in China; (2) initial application of a hydrophobically associating polymer as the driving agent in the field; (3) significant increment of oil in the trail of a single well injection of polymer. The practice illustrates the feasibility of polymer flooding under current production conditions of offshore oilfields that lead to applications in a larger scale.
Performance of calibration standards for antigen quantitation with flow cytometry in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2007)

This study emphasizes the relevance of quantitative measurement of fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry as a standardized approach to measure and interpret the expression of some CLL markers and reduce variability of results obtained at different sites in multi-center clinical studies.
Optimized Temperature Pulse Sequences For The Enhancement Of Chemically-specific Response Patterns From Micro-hotplate Gas Sensors (2005)

Micro-fabricated solid state gas sensors have been of continuing interest because of the potential for arrays of devices with low power consumption. Devices based on a micro-machined "hotplate" offer the additional advantage of a wide operating temperature range with a rapid thermal time constant of order 1ms. By operating the device in a temperature-programmed mode, reaction kinetics on the sensing film surface are altered, producing a time-varying response signature that is characteristic of the gas being sensed. Approaches to optimize such temperature programs to maximize the differences in response signatures for gases of interest or to enhance the sensitivity of the device are discussed.
Scaling Nakamoto Consensus to Thousands of Transactions per Second (2018)

This paper presents Conflux, a fast, scalable and decentralized blockchain system that optimistically process concurrent blocks without discarding any as forks. The Conflux consensus protocol represents relationships between blocks as a direct acyclic graph and achieves consensus on a total order of the blocks. Conflux then, from the block order, deterministically derives a transaction total order as the blockchain ledger. We evaluated Conflux on Amazon EC2 clusters with up to 20k full nodes. Conflux achieves a transaction throughput of 5.76GB/h while confirming transactions in 4.5-7.4 minutes. The throughput is equivalent to 6400 transactions per second for typical Bitcoin transactions. Our results also indicate that when running Conflux, the consensus protocol is no longer the throughput bottleneck. The bottleneck is instead at the processing capability of individual nodes.
General skew constrained clock network sizing based on sequential linear programming (2005)

We investigate the problem of clock network sizing subject to general skew constraints. A novel approach based on sequential linear programming is presented. The original nonlinear programming problem is transformed into a sequence of linear programs by taking the first-order Taylor's expansion of clock path delay with respect to buffer and/or wire widths. For each linear program, the sensitivities of clock path delay, with respect to buffer and/or wire widths, are efficiently updated by applying time-domain analysis to the clock network in a divide-and-conquer fashion. Our technique can take into account power supply and process variations. We demonstrate experimentally that the proposed technique is not only capable of optimizing effectively the skew and area of clock network, but also of providing more accurate delay and skew results compared to the traditional approaches.