gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role for BRG1 in Cell Cycle Control and Tumor Suppression (2003)

Human BRG1, a subunit of the Swi/Snf chromatin remodeling apparatus, has been implicated in regulation of cellular proliferation and is a candidate tumor suppressor. Reintroduction of BRG1 into a breast tumor cell line, ALAB, carrying a defined mutation in the BRG1 gene, induced growth arrest. Gene expression data revealed that the arrest may in part be accounted for by down-regulation of select E2F target genes such as cyclin E, but more dramatically, by up-regulation of mRNAs for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p15. Protein levels of both p15 and p21 were induced, and p21 protein was recruited to a complex with cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK2, to inhibit its activity. BRG1 can associate with the p21 promoter in a p53-independent manner, suggesting that the induction of p21 by BRG1 may be direct. Further, using microarray and real-time PCR analysis we identified several novel BRG1-regulated genes. Our work provides further evidence for a role for BRG1 in the regulation of several genes involved in key steps in tumorigenesis and has revealed a potential mechanism for BRG1-induced growth arrest.
Extracellular proteolytic activity of Aeromonas hydrophila complex. (1985)

A simple quantitative plate assay was used to study the proteolytic activity of Aeromonas hydrophila complex. All the A. hydrophila complex strains hydrolyzed albumin, casein, and fibrinogen; most of the strains also digested gelatin (99.9 %), hemoglobin (94.3%), and elastin (73.2 %). None of the strains hydrolyzed collagen. The activity on each substrate varied from isolate to isolate. By using correlation analysis a close relationship was obtained among these proteolytic reactions, especially with albumin, casein, fibrinogen, gelatin, and hemoglobin hydrolysis. The elastin hydrolysis demonstrated a lower correlation with the other 5 proteolytic activities and implied a different enzymatic system. A higher casein and elastin hydrolytic response was found in the strains derived from human, fish, and other animal sources than those from water environments.
Covenant-Controlling (2010)

Month by month, Controlling - Zeitschrift für erfolgsorientierte Unternehmenssteuerung publishes peer-reviewed, applied research contributions for business management, accounting and reporting. Key elements of succesful corporate controlling are presented in an analytic, well-structured manner.
Minimizing variables among hairpin-based RNAi vectors reveals the potency of shRNAs (2008)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular process regulating gene expression and participating in innate defense in many organisms. RNAi has also been utilized as a tool to query gene function and is being developed as a therapeutic strategy for several diseases. Synthetic small interfering (siRNAs) or expressed stem-loop RNAs (short-hairpin RNAs [shRNAs] or artificial microRNAs [miRNAs]) have been delivered to cultured cells and organisms to inhibit expression of a variety of genes. A persistent question in the field, however, is which RNAi expression system is most suitable for distinct applications. To date, shRNA- and artificial miRNA-based strategies have been compared with conflicting results. In prior comparisons, sequences required for efficient RNAi processing and loading of the intended antisense strand into the RNAi-induced silencing complex (RISC) were not considered. We therefore revisited the shRNA-miRNA comparison question. Initially, we developed an improved artificial miRNA vector and confirmed the optimal shRNA configuration by altering structural features of these RNAi substrates. Subsequently, we engineered and compared shRNA- and miRNA-based RNAi expression vectors that would be processed to yield similar siRNAs that exhibit comparable strand biasing. Our results demonstrate that when comparison variables are minimized, the shRNAs tested were more potent than the artificial miRNAs in mediating gene silencing independent of target sequence and experimental setting (in vitro and in vivo). In addition, we show that shRNAs are expressed at considerably higher levels relative to artificial miRNAs, thus providing mechanistic insight to explain their increased potency.
SEISMIC VIBRATOR MODELLING<sup>1</sup> (1988)

ABSTRACT The wavefield in, and at the surface of, a homogeneous, isotropic, perfectly elastic half‐space, excited by a traction distribution at the surface of the medium is investigated. The emitted wavefield is a spatial convolution of the surface tractions and the spatial impulse response. The properties of the wavefield in the far‐field of the medium are derived and it is shown that the far‐field particle velocity is essentially equal to a weighted sum of the time derivative of the integrated surface tractions, that is, of the components of the ‘ground force’. The theory is valid for an arbitrary geometry and orientation of the surface tractions, and is independent of the boundary conditions at the surface of the medium. The surface tractions are related to a source that consists of a mass distribution with an arbitrary force distribution imposed upon it. A boundary condition is introduced that accounts for the mass load and the forces applied to it but neglects vibrations within the mass. The boundary condition follows from the equation of motion of the surface mass load. The theory is applied to the Vibroseis configuration, using a P‐wave vibrator model with a uniformly distributed force imposed on top of the baseplate, and assuming that horizontal surface traction components are absent. The distribution of displacement and stress directly underneath the baseplate of a single vibrator and an array of vibrators is investigated. Three different boundary conditions are used: (1) assuming uniform pressure, (2) assuming uniform displacement, (3) using the equation of motion of the baseplate as a boundary condition. The calculations of the distribution of stress and displacement over the plate for different elastic media and several frequencies of operation show that only the results obtained with the mixed boundary condition agree with measurements made in the field. The accuracy of three different phase‐feedback signals is compared using synthetic data. Baseplate velocity phase‐feedback leads to huge deviations in the determination of the far‐field wavelet; reaction mass acceleration phase‐feedback looks stable but neglects the differentiating earth filter; and phase‐feedback to a weighted sum of baseplate and reaction mass accelerations becomes unstable with increasing frequency. The instability can be overcome using measurements over the whole baseplate. The model can be extended to a lossy layered earth.
Short Notices (1966)

Short Notices CHRISTOPHER LLOYD CHRISTOPHER LLOYD Royal Naval CollegeGreenwich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXXI, Issue CCCXX, July 1966, Pages 605–606, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXXI.CCCXX.605 Published: 01 July 1966
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Cetuximab Induces Autophagy in Cancer Cells by Downregulating HIF-1α and Bcl-2 and Activating the Beclin 1/hVps34 Complex (2010)

Autophagy is a regulated catabolic process triggered in cells deprived of nutrients or growth factors that govern nutrient uptake. Here, we report that autophagy is induced by cetuximab, a therapeutic antibody that blocks epidermal growth factor receptor function. Cancer cell treatment with cetuximab triggered autophagosome formation, conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 from its cytoplasmic to membrane-associated form, and increased acidic vesicular organelle formation. Autophagy occurred when cetuximab inhibited the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, but not when it inhibited only the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase/Erk pathway, and it was accompanied by decreased levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and Bcl-2. Stable overexpression of a HIF-1alpha mutant prevented cetuximab-induced autophagy and decrease in Bcl-2 levels. Knockdown of autophagy regulator beclin 1 or cell treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, a class III PI3K (hVps34) inhibitor, also inhibited cetuximab-induced autophagy. Furthermore, knockdown of beclin 1 or Atg7 or treatment with the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine sensitized cancer cells to cetuximab-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic analysis argued that cetuximab acted by promoting an association between beclin 1 and hVps34, which was inhibited by overexpression of Bcl-2. Our findings suggest that the autophagy protects cancer cells from the proapoptotic effects of cetuximab.
Diffusion tensor imaging detects axonal injury and demyelination in the spinal cord and cranial nerves of a murine model of globoid cell leukodystrophy (2009)

Globoid cell leukodystrophy is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactosylceramidase. In both human patients and the authentic murine Twitcher model, pathological findings include demyelination as well as axonal damage in both the central and peripheral nervous system. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has emerged as a powerful noninvasive technique that is sensitive to these white matter disease processes. Increases in radial diffusivity (lambda perpendicular) and decreases in axial diffusivity (lambda parallel) correlate with histopathological evidence of demyelination and axonal damage, respectively. Compared to age-matched, normal littermates, DTI of optic nerve and trigeminal nerve in end-stage Twitcher mice displayed a statistically significant increase in lambda perpendicular and decrease in lambda parallel, consistent with previously characterized demyelination and axonal damage in these regions. In the Twitcher spinal cord, a statistically significant decrease in lambda parallel was identified in both the dorsal and ventrolateral white matter, relative to normal controls. These results were consistent with immunofluorescence evidence of axonal damage in these areas as detected by staining for nonphosphorylated neurofilaments (SMI32). Increase in lambda perpendicular in Twitcher spinal cord white matter relative to normal controls reached statistical significance in the dorsal columns and approached statistical significance in the ventrolateral region. Correlative reduced levels of myelin basic protein were detected by immunofluorescent staining in both these white matter regions in the Twitcher spinal cord. Fractional anisotropy, a nonspecific but sensitive indicator of white matter disease, was significantly reduced in the optic nerve, trigeminal nerve, and throughout the spinal cord white matter of Twitcher mice, relative to normal controls. This first reported application of spinal cord DTI in the setting of GLD holds potential as a noninvasive, quantitative assay of therapeutic efficacy in future treatment studies.
Chinese Cupping: A Simple Method to Obtain Epithelial Grafts for the Management of Resistant Localized Vitiligo (2008)

In conclusion, Chinese cupping is a simple and easy-to-use method to obtain epithelial grafts for vitiligo management. The author has indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Isolation, cultivation and characterization of CD133+ stem cells from human glioblastoma (2012)

These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the process of gliomagenesis.
Insulin-like growth factor II supply modifies growth of intestinal adenoma in Apc(Min/+) mice. (2000)

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is an embryonic growth promoter and cell survival factor. IGF-II supply is normally limited by gene expression because transcription occurs predominantly from the paternal allele in mouse and man (maternal imprinting). Excess IGF-II has detrimental systemic and local effects in vivo, promoting somatic overgrowth and an increased frequency of tumors. IGF2 mRNA is overexpressed in colorectal and many other human cancers. In this paper, we show that altered IGF-II supply modifies intestinal tumor growth. Mice genetically altered in the IGF-II system were combined in crosses with ApcMin/+, a murine model of human familial adenomatous polyposis. Depending on genetic background, ApcMin/+ acquires multiple small intestinal adenoma before becoming moribund with anemia. Mice that express excess IGF-II delivered using a bovine keratin 10 promoter (k10Igf2/+) develop a disproportionate overgrowth of colon, uterus, and skin. Combination with ApcMin/+ leads to a 10-fold increase in the number and the diameter of colon adenoma (P<0.0001) compared to ApcMin/+ littermate controls (postnatal day 80), an increased susceptibility to rectal prolapse (41%), and a histological progression to carcinoma. Mice with reduced IGF-II supply, secondary to the disruption of the paternal Igf2 allele (Igf2+m/-p), are 60% the weight of wild-type littermates. Combination with ApcMin/+ leads to a 3-fold reduction in small intestinal adenoma number (P<0.0001) compared to ApcMin/+ littermate controls (postnatal day 150), and a significant decrease in adenoma diameter (P<0.001). With in situ hybridization, we show that Igf2 was expressed in all adenoma irrespective of IGF-II supply. This suggests that there is an increased maternal allele expression of Igf2 (loss of imprinting) in adenoma which form, despite paternal Igf2 allele disruption. We conclude that IGF-II supply is a modifier of intestinal adenoma growth, and we provide genetic evidence for its functional role in colorectal cancer progression.
Molecular detection of low-level disease in patients with cancer (2000)

The accurate detection of low-level disease in patients with cancer is essential to improve the staging of disease and consequently to define appropriate treatment strategies. Most methods currently used for staging are based on imaging studies and histological and immunocytochemical analysis of tissues such as bone marrow aspirates, or antibody assays for marker proteins secreted into the circulation. These methods have limited sensitivity. However, assays for nucleic acid-based markers may be valuable tools for the sensitive detection, assessment, and monitoring of disease status in asymptomatic cancer patients. Application of these methods may allow the early detection of cancer, when the tumour burden is smaller and the disease potentially more curable. The last decade has seen the application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods to the detection of tumour in a wide variety of compartments, including peripheral blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, urine, sputum, faeces, pancreatic juice, and more recently plasma. Molecular detection of disease by PCR has targeted DNA and RNA markers, including mutations, microsatellites, and tissue-specific gene expression. It is likely that these molecular methods will provide important clinical information, though their current clinical utility remains unclear. The current status of nucleic acid-based assays for the detection and assessment of disease status in the management of patients with solid tumours is reviewed.
Purification and characterisation of a brain‐derived neurotrophic factor/ neurotrophin‐3 (BDNF/NT‐3) heterodimer (1994)

The neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are known to exist in solution as non-covalently linked homodimeric proteins. The recent elucidation of the crystal structure of the NGF homodimer, as well as the conservation of structural motifs in the neurotrophins, raised the possibility that neurotrophin heterodimers might also occur. The formation of BDNF/NT-3 heterodimers was explored using a vaccinia virus expression system. Upon co-infection of cells with viruses expressing BDNF and NT-3, we could identify a BDNF/NT-3 heterodimer as a biosynthetic product and separate it from the BDNF and NT-3 homodimers. We could also show that the BDNF/NT-3 heterodimers can be formed irrespective of wild-type or exchanged prosequences, indicating that prosequence specificity does not influence dimer formation. In all neuronal survival assays that were used, the BDNF/NT-3 heterodimer was shown to be 10-fold less active compared with a mixture of BDNF and NT-3 homodimers. This lower specific activity was also measured in a neuronal population co-expressing receptors for BDNF and NT-3. The low biological activity of the heterodimer observed with neurons was not paralleled by a reduced ability of the heterodimer to interact with trkB or trkC receptors, as assessed by the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of these receptors expressed by fibroblast cell lines.
A Final Chapter on Bishop Amat (1992)

Thaddeus Amat was the Vincentian bishop of the diocese of Monterey, California who died in 1878. In 1962, his remains had to be moved. When the casket was opened, his body had not decomposed. Francis J. Weber was assigned to investigate and could not find a natural explanation for the preservation of the remains. He also could not say whether the preservation was due to Amat’s holiness. Amat’s career and funeral are described.
The Effects of Hypoxia and Isovolemic Anemia on the Halothane Requirement (MAC) of Dogs (1970)

Acute isovolemic anemia in dogs reduced orterial oxygen content (Cao2) without changing Pao- and AP. Halothane requirement (MAC) remained normal despite reducton of hematocrit to 10 per cent (Cao2 4.3 vol per cent). Tissue oxygenation was not compromised, as evidenced by the absence of metabolic aci
Anti-tumour activity and bone marrow toxicity of chloroethylnitrosocarbamoyl-amino acid derivatives. (1992)

The anti-tumour activity of a series of chloroethylnitrosoureas derived from the amino acids alanine and glycine was examined in 3 transplantable adenocarcinomas of the mouse colon. In addition, bone marrow toxicity was assessed using a spleen colony forming unit assay. A spectrum of differing activity-toxicity patterns was demonstrated. At one extreme CNC-glycinemethylamide was shown to exhibit activity against all 3 tumour lines but at the expense of profound bone marrow damage. The other end of the spectrum was represented by CNC-alanylalanine which produced high activity only against the ascitic tumour following intraperitoneal drug administration but in the absence of marrow damage. However, oral administration of this drug led to decreased anti-tumour activity and increased marrow toxicity. These results suggested that differences in the pharmacokinetic behaviour of these compounds were responsible for the differing activity-toxicity patterns. The activity-toxicity pattern exhibited by CNC-alanylalanine indicated that it was a possible candidate for the treatment of local intra-cavitary disease.
Grating degeneration technique and sandwich structures for holographic N*N passive star couplers (1992)

Design for an efficient N*N passive integrated optical star coupler are proposed. The concepts of grating degeneration and sandwich structures are presented. The techniques and their combinations can significantly reduce the number of gratings required by the coupler and thus make it possible to build holographic N*N star couplers with recording materials of a moderate dynamic range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Feasibility of very high-frequency ventilation in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome* (2008)

Most adults can maintain adequate gas exchange using HFO frequencies well above 5-6 Hz. Use of higher frequencies should minimize tidal volume and we speculate might thereby reduce ventilator-associated lung injury.
Real-time 3-D head motion estimation in facial image coding (2002)

A simple procedure that uses only three feature points to infer 3D head motion from consecutive video frames is presented. In this procedure, a feature triangle formed using the three feature points is automatically calibrated, and an iterative method that simulates steepest descent method is applied to estimate one's head motion. A prediction algorithm is adopted in occasional cases where the estimated result is not acceptable. This procedure has been applied to live video with an update rate of 7 frames/sec (250 frames/sec without feature extraction) on a Pentium-II 233 MHz PC, independent of cameras and users.
对弗雷泽《金枝》的评论(续) (1998)

Ⅱ p.168说人们相信统治者有这些力量,而统治者都非常明白自己没有,或者仅仅因为他低能或白痴才不明白,那是不对的。但是,统治者的力量这一观念是以该观念与经验——不管是人民的还是统治者的——相协调的方式起作用的。说虚伪在起作用,仅因为它通常十分靠近人们所做的大部分事情。 p.169当我们的(或至少是我自己的)同伴中的某人笑得太过分时,我会有意无意地抿紧嘴唇,好象我相信这能让他闭嘴似的。
A Viterbi-type algorithm for efficient estimation of M-PSK sequences over the Gaussian channel with unknown carrier phase (1995)

A Viterbi-type algorithm for the efficient estimation of a convolutionally/trellis coded, or uncoded M-PSK sequence over the Gaussian channel with unknown carrier phase is presented. It performs coherent detection of M-PSK sequences with no explicit recovery of coherent references. The metric computations involve only linear operations. Theoretical and simulated performance results are presented for various carrier phase processes. The algorithm is called the suboptimum ML estimator (SMLE). Its BER in the presence of a time invariant carrier phase is obtained analytically. The simulation results for the BER with time-invariant as well as time-varying carrier phase processes allow a comparison of the performance of the SMLE with other sequence estimation algorithms, and enable the applicability of the SMLE to burst mode TDMA communications to be ascertained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Breakpoint-Based Lightweight Prefetching to Improve Application Response. (2015)

Prefetching disk blocks reduces subsequent disk access times, allowing applications to load and run more quickly. Successful prefetching depends on the accuracy with which upcoming disk I/O can be predicted, and many techniques are not particularly accurate, while incurring significant memory and CPU overheads. A new lightweight prefetching technique for general applications performs off-line analysis of application source code, to identify disk access patterns, and then inserts breakpoints. At run time, these breakpoints trigger prefetching based on a log of disk accesses. Average reductions of 30% in launch times and 15% in loading times were observed in experiments.
Filled Polyethylene Compounds (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFilled Polyethylene CompoundsR. Bostwick and R. H. CareyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 5, 848–849Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50485a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50485a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts