gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of polarization-selective optical components with multilayer subwavelength structures (2003)

In this presentation we propose the multi-layer subwavelength structures to realize the polarization-sensitive optical elements. The multi-layer structures are fabricated on such consideration that a periodic relief subwavelength structure (we call the base structure later) with depth D<sub>1</sub> is first prepared in a substrate with refractive index n<sub>1</sub> , then a dielectric material with a refractive index n<sub>2</sub> is directionally coated on it with thickness D<sub>2</sub> . With the above fabrication process the coated dielectric material alternatively covers on the ridges or fills in the grooves of base structure to form the multi-layer structures. The characteristics of the effective indices and the form-birefringence behaved in such structures were investigated. The form-birefringent wave plates and the blazed-binary polarization-selective diffractive optical elements for normal incidence were synthesized with the proposed structures. The optical behaviors included the phase retardation, diffraction efficiencies, and the polarization contrasts were numerically analyzed with rigorous electromagnetic algorithm. A quarter-wave plate for the operating wavelength of He-Ne laser (λ=632.8 nm) was fabricated and the significant optical performances was obtained.
Multiresolution sinusoidal model with dynamic segmentation for timescale modification of polyphonic audio signals (2005)

In this paper, we propose an efficient sinusoidal model of polyphonic audio signals especially good for the application of timescale modification. One of the critical problem of sinusoidal modeling is that the signal is smeared during the synthesis frame, which is a very undesirable effect for transient parts. We solve this problem by introducing multiresolution analysis-synthesis and dynamic segmentation methods. A signal is modeled with a sinusoidal component and a noise component. A multiresolution filter bank is applied to an input signal which splits it into octave-spaced subbands without causing aliasing and then sinusoidal analysis is applied to each subband signal. To alleviate smearing of transients during synthesis, a dynamic segmentation method is applied to the subband signals that determines the optimal analysis-synthesis frame size adaptively to fit its time-frequency characteristics. To extract sinusoidal components and calculate respective parameters, a matching pursuit algorithm is applied to each analysis frame of the subband signal. A psychoacoustic model implementing frequency masking is incorporated with matching pursuit to provide a reasonable stop condition of iteration and reduce the number of sinusoids. The noise component obtained by subtracting the synthesized signal with sinusoidal components from the original signal is modeled by a line-segment model of short time spectrum envelope. For various polyphonic audio signals, the results of simulation shows the proposed sinusoidal modeling can synthesize original signals without loss of perceptual quality and do more robust and high-quality timescale modification for large scale factors.
Multiple-shot human re-identification by Mean Riemannian Covariance Grid (2011)

Human re-identification is defined as a requirement to determine whether a given individual has already appeared over a network of cameras. This problem is particularly hard by significant appearance changes across different camera views. In order to re-identify people a human signature should handle difference in illumination, pose and camera parameters. We propose a new appearance model combining information from multiple images to obtain highly discriminative human signature, called Mean Riemannian Covariance Grid (MRCG). The method is evaluated and compared with the state of the art using benchmark video sequences from the ETHZ and the i-LIDS datasets. We demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms state of the art methods. Finally, the results of our approach are shown on two other more pertinent datasets.
Payment methods for hospital stays with a large variability in the care process (2018)

LIST OF FIGURES 3 -- LIST OF TABLES .3 -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 4 -- SCIENTIFIC REPORT .6 -- 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 6 -- 2 METHODOLOGY AND FRAMEWORK .9 -- 3 BACKGROUND ON THE HOSPITAL PAYMENT SYSTEM 11 -- 3.1 DENMARK 12 -- 3.2 ENGLAND 12 -- 3.3 ESTONIA .13 -- 3.4 FRANCE 13 -- 3.5 GERMANY .14 -- 3.6 USA – MEDICARE PART A 14 -- 4 DEALING WITH HIGH VARIABILITY .15 -- 4.1 OVERVIEW OF EXCLUSION MECHANISMS .15 -- 4.2 EXCLUSION OF PATIENT GROUPS 23 -- 4.2.1 England .24 -- 4.2.2 Estonia 24 -- 4.2.3 Germany 25 -- 4.3 EXCLUSION OF PRODUCTS / SERVICES .26 -- 4.3.1 England .27 -- 4.3.2 Estonia 28 -- 4.3.3 France 29 -- 4.3.4 Germany 30 -- 4.3.5 USA .31 -- 4.4 EXCLUSION OF HOSPITALS OR HOSPITAL DEPARTMENTS 32 -- 4.4.1 England .32 -- 4.4.2 Estonia 33 -- 4.4.3 France 34 -- 4.4.4 Germany 35 -- 4.4.5 USA .36 -- 4.5 OUTLIERS 37 -- 4.5.1 Denmark 37 -- 4.5.2 England .37 -- 4.5.3 Estonia 38 -- 4.5.4 France 38 -- 4.5.5 Germany 39 -- 4.5.6 USA .39 -- 4.6 OTHER MECHANISMS OUTSIDE THE DRG-BASED PAYMENT SYSTEM .40 -- 4.6.1 Denmark 40 -- 4.6.2 England .41 -- 4.7 CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS, DEBATES AND REFORMS 42 -- 4.7.1 Denmark 42 -- 4.7.2 England .43 -- 4.7.3 Estonia 43 -- 4.7.4 France 44 -- 4.7.5 Germany 44 -- 4.7.6 USA .44 -- REFERENCES .46 -- APPENDICES 50
Genes associated with meningococcal capsule complex are also found in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1996)

A homolog of the meningococcal cps locus region E has been identified in Neisseria gonorrhoeae immediately upstream of the gonococcal region D locus. Region E has no detectable function in capsule biosynthesis in Neisseria meningitidis or in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in either organism. The open reading frame is homologous to proteins of unknown function in Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. Further analysis of the N. meningitidis cps cluster has identified a second copy of region D encoding three additional open reading frames, including homologs of DNA methyltransferases. The organization of the region D and E genes in N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis in relation to the cps genes provides some insight into the evolutionary origin of encapsulation in N. meningitidis.
Cytomegalovirus replication reduces the relapse incidence in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (2016)

To the editor:

Recently, Teira et al published a study for the Center for International Bone Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) showing no benefit of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation for relapse risk in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients after transplant.[1][1] Unfortunately, in this register
Murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: I. Enrichment and biologic characterization (1995)

Murine bone marrow cells were fractionated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting into Rh123lo Lin- c-kit+ Ly6A+, Rh123hi Lin-c-kit+ Ly6A+, and Lin- c-kit+ Ly6A- populations within which most, if not all, of the hematopoietic activities of the marrow resided. The Rh123lo Lin- c-kit+Ly6A+ cells, which consist exclusively of small- or medium-sized lymphocyte-like cells, are highly enriched for long-term hematopoietic in vivo repopulating cells. The enrichment factor for these cells from the marrow was estimated as 2,000-fold. The Rh123hi Lin- c-kit+ Ly6A+ cells, although also highly enriched for day-12 spleen colony-forming units, were relatively depleted of long-term in vivo repopulation capacity. Most, if not all Lin- c-kit+ Ly6A- cells were Rb123hi. In contrast to both Rh123lo and Rh123hi Lin- c-kit+ Ly6A+ stem cell populations, the Lin- c-kit+ Ly6A- cells can be stimulated to proliferate in vitro in the presence of single cytokines, which is a characteristic of committed progenitor cells. No marked synergistic interactions between individual cytokines were observed with this cell population. Both Rh123hi Lin- c-kit+ Ly6A+ mature stem cell and Lin- c-kit+ Ly6A- progenitor cell populations displayed in vivo repopulation kinetics resembling those of the putative short-term hematopoietic repopulating cells.
Subspace algorithms for noise reduction in cochlear implants (2005)

A single-channel algorithm is proposed for noise reduction in cochlear implants. The proposed algorithm is based on subspace principles and projects the noisy speech vector onto "signal" and "noise" subspaces. An estimate of the clean signal is made by retaining only the components in the signal subspace. The performance of the subspace reduction algorithm is evaluated using 14 subjects wearing the Clarion device. Results indicated that the subspace algorithm produced significant improvements in sentence recognition scores compared to the subjects' daily strategy, at least in stationary noise. Further work is needed to extend the subspace algorithm to nonstationary noise environments.
A study on the Public Library's Space planning and Characteristics for the User-oriented Publicness (2013)

The contemporary concept of publicness is reinterpreted from the point of view of contemporary publicness. Contemporary perception of public space has now branched and grown into a multitude of non-traditional sites with a variety of programs in mind. In this study, the aim is to discuss how contemporary public library has been evolved as public space and how to create User-centered interaction. In the case of developed countries, the Public Libraries have showed the expected effects because they have more systematic and efficient plan. Also, these libraries are placed with each facility, not distributed separately. It promotes the accumulation of profit on the space and Increases the efficiency. They support more effectively users' activities through the linkages between each facility and create the active interaction between users. Formation of the various interactions and synergies between space had been induced. Publicity means that the state will relate a combination of a number of specific public area. In addition, open space, public place, shall be directed to: This place as one of the users in order to have meaning, must be equipped with the facilities and space to communicate and understand the local role. Methods of the study are to analyze the concept and role of the users with the concept of modern publicity, to examine the concept of multi-complexity of public libraries for the user-oriented publicness, to learn about the characteristics of public spaces in the public libraries that appear in the advanced countries, to examine how to affect these characteristics in the public libraries, and to suggest the possibility and the various application methods on the characteristics of a public space. In the end, the public libraries for the realization of the publicity, support program complexity such as education and culture, welfare facilities, and public service facilities. In the 21st century, these complexity to improve the quality of service in public libraries. These spaces can be an alternative to be kept comfortable in a more vibrant area, and can affect the social, natural, cultural, and environmental aspects of the physical environment and the objects and relationships, as well as expand.
Cell-free DNA maps COVID-19 tissue injury and risk of death and can cause tissue injury (2021)

INTRODUCTIONThe clinical course of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is heterogeneous, ranging from mild to severe multiorgan failure and death. In this study, we analyzed cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker of injury to define the sources of tissue injury that contribute to such different trajectories.METHODSWe conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study to enroll patients with COVID-19 and collect plasma samples. Plasma cfDNA was subject to bisulfite sequencing. A library of tissue-specific DNA methylation signatures was used to analyze sequence reads to quantitate cfDNA from different tissue types. We then determined the correlation of tissue-specific cfDNA measures to COVID-19 outcomes. Similar analyses were performed for healthy controls and a comparator group of patients with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza.RESULTSWe found markedly elevated levels and divergent tissue sources of cfDNA in COVID-19 patients compared with patients who had influenza and/or respiratory syncytial virus and with healthy controls. The major sources of cfDNA in COVID-19 were hematopoietic cells, vascular endothelium, hepatocytes, adipocytes, kidney, heart, and lung. cfDNA levels positively correlated with COVID-19 disease severity, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer. cfDNA profile at admission identified patients who subsequently required intensive care or died during hospitalization. Furthermore, the increased cfDNA in COVID-19 patients generated excessive mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) in renal tubular cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This mtROS production was inhibited by a TLR9-specific antagonist.CONCLUSIONcfDNA maps tissue injury that predicts COVID-19 outcomes and may mechanistically propagate COVID-19-induced tissue injury.FUNDINGIntramural Targeted Anti-COVID-19 grant, NIH.
Rapidly mixing Markov chains with applications in computer science and physics (2006)

Monte Carlo algorithms often depend on Markov chains to sample from very large data sets. A key ingredient in the design of an efficient Markov chain is determining rigorous bounds on how quickly the chain "mixes," or converges, to its stationary distribution. This survey provides an overview of several useful techniques
Visualization of laser-induced breakdown and ignition (2001)

Laser-induced gas breakdown and ignition of atmospheric pressure NH3/O2 mixtures are investigated. The nanosecond-pulsed, 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser is used to create the cascade-type optical breakdown. The post-breakdown plasma and ignition are studied using spectroscopic techniques that include spontaneous emission and NH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). These time-resolved two-dimensional images provide not only radiative and gas dynamic information but also the space-time loci of the temperature and transient species concentrations. The results provide an understanding of the plasma kernel dynamics and the flame development that is essential to verify on-going simulation modeling of laser-ignition.
New spinal fixation system in dog. (2012)

Los diversos procedimientos utilizados en la actualidad para la reparación de fracturas espinales incluyen: Placas plásticas tomadas a las apófisis espinosas con tornillos pasantes, Alambres y clavos de acero inoxidable en el compartimiento dorsal, Clavos cruzados en los cuerpos vertebrales, Placas con tornillos en los cuerpos vertebrales, Tornillos en las apófisis articulares yTornillos o clavos de Steinman en el cuerpo vertebral, tomados con metilmetacrilato. Ninguno logra por sí sola neutralizar las diferentes fuerzas, de modo que sea capaz de inmovilizar con éxito un trauma espinal y poseen limitaciones relacionadas con: la región de la columna en que debe ser utilizado, el tamaño, edad y temperamento del paciente, los tipos de fuerzas que debe neutralizar y el tipo de fractura y/o luxación. Creemos que El Sistema Argentino de columna Modificado (SCAM), es una opción adecuada en muchos paciente ya que se adapta en las diferentes regiones espinales, es de fácil y rápida colocación, y aporta una excelente inmovilidad, debido a la unión implante-óseo en el cuerpo vertebral, que neutraliza el compartimiento ventral y medio, requisito necesario en una instrumentación espinal.
Computer-aided classification of breast masses in ultrasonic B-scans using a multiparameter approach (2003)

Classification of breast masses in ultrasonic B-scan images is undertaken using a multiparameter approach. The parameters are generated on the basis of a non-Rayleigh statistic model of the backscattered envelope from the breast tissue. They can be computed automatically with minimal clinical intervention once the location of the mass is known. A new discriminant is developed that combines these parameters linearly. It is seen that this new discriminant performs classification of masses into benign or malignant better than the classification by any one of the individual parameters. The data set studied consisted of 99 cases (70 patients with benign masses and 29 patients with malignant masses). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (Az) and statistical attributes of the areas were studied to establish the enhancement in performance. The Az value after combining all the parameters was found to be 0.8701. Upon combining this parameter with the level of suspicion (LOS) scores of a radiologist, the performance is further enhanced with an area under the (empirical) ROC of 0.94 having an operating point at a sensitivity of 0.965 and specificity of 0.87. It is suggested that this automated approach may hold promise as a means of classifying breast masses.
<sup>99m</sup>Tc-EC-DG: A novel tracer for tumor imaging (2005)

2021 Background: The aims were to study 1) mechanisms of cellular uptake and 2) biodistribution of 99mTc-ethylenedicysteine-glucosamine (EC-DG) in animals and humans. Methods: To evaluate if 99mTc-EC-DG is involved in cell nuclei activity, in vitro thymidine incorporation and cell cycle assays of EC-DG were conducted using lung and breast cancer cells. Biodistribution of 99mTc-EC-DG in lung-tumor bearing mice (0.5–4 hrs, 1 μCi/mouse, iv) was used to estimate radiation absorbed dose. Autoradiograms of 99mTc-EC-DG and 18F-FDG were compared in nude mice bearing uterine sarcoma. Rabbits inoculated with VX-2 cells were imaged with 99mTc-EC-DG and 99mTc-EC. For therapeutic assessment studies, scintigraphic imaging studies with 99mTc-EC-DG in mammary tumor-bearing rats were conducted at various days after treatment with paclitaxel and cisplatin. The imaging findings were correlated immunohistochemical assays (mRNA expression, apoptosis and cell cycle changes in tumor) and flow cytometry analysis was performed. Biodistribution of 99mTc-EC-DG was performed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Radiation dosimetry was assessed using the MIRD method. Results: In vitro cellular uptake assays indicated that cell nuclei activity could be assessed by 99mTc-EC-DG. Scintigraphy and autoradiograms in animal models demonstrated the tumor could be clearly visualized by 99mTc-EC-DG. The efficacy of paclitaxel and cisplatin treatment in rodent models could be assessed using tumor/muscle ratios. Immunohistochemical staining indicated reduced expression of bFGF and increased apoptosis and cell cycle changes after paclitaxel and cisplatin treatment. The critical organ in human was the kidneys with an average radiation absorbed dose over all seven patients of 1.23E-02 mGy/MBq. The average total body absorbed dose was 2.35–03 mGy/MBq (2.61E-01 cGy/1110 MBq). Conclusions: 99mTc-EC-DG is involved in cell nuclei activity and could assess of therapeutic tumor response in animals. The novel 99mTc-EC-DG is safe and promising as a molecular imaging agent. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Cell Point LLC
A Comparison of Complementary and Kalman Filtering (1975)

A technique used in the flight control industry for estimation when combining measurements is the complementary filter. This filter is usually designed without any reference to Wiener or Kalman filters, although it is related to them. This paper, which is mainly tutorial, reviews complementary filtering and shows its relationship to Kalman and Wiener filtering.
CUP: Controlled Update Propagation in Peer-to-Peer Networks (2002)

Recently the problem of indexing and locating content in peer-to-peer networks has received much attention. Previous work suggests caching index entries at intermediate nodes that lie on the paths taken by search queries, but until now there has been little focus on how to maintain these intermediate caches. This paper proposes CUP, a new comprehensive architecture for Controlled Update Propagation in peer-to-peer networks. CUP asynchronously builds caches of index entries while answering search queries. It then propagates updates of index entries to maintain these caches. Under unfavorable conditions, when compared with standard caching based on expiration times, CUP reduces the average miss latency by as much as a factor of three. Under favorable conditions, CUP can reduce the average miss latency by more than a factor of ten. CUP refreshes intermediate caches, reduces query latency, and reduces network load by coalescing bursts of queries for the same item. CUP controls and confines propagation to updates whose cost is likely to be recovered by subsequent queries. CUP gives peer-to-peer nodes the flexibility to use their own incentive-based policies to determine when to receive and when to propagate updates. Finally, the small propagation overhead incurred by CUP is more than compensated for by its savings in cache misses.
Gainsharing in Zebulon: What Do Workers Want? (1998)

Gainsharing, an instrument for implementing pay for performance, is a synthesis of participatory management and profit sharing.1 With increased interest in both pay-for-performance and total quality management (TQM), gainsharing programs have attracted the attention of public sector organizations. Gainsharing is a means for encouraging and motivating employees through extrinsic expectancy rewards within a group or organizational framework. It combines TQM's emphasis on the advantages derived from team work (and away from the distractions of individual competition) with the motivational effect of a strong individual reward system.2 This study examines employees' attitudes and perceptions about one local government's gainsharing plan. The employees' perceived ability to affect the savings on which the gainsharing award is based, their influence over the components included in the gainsharing calculations, control over the criteria used in determining individual eligibility for a gainsharing award and an employee ranking of individual actor influence on the gainsharing plan are measured.
Dose thresholds and duration of the local anhidrotic effect of botulinum toxin injections: measured by sudometry (2001)

Our findings suggest that BTX-A effectiveness can be quantified by testing sudomotor function. For the first time threshold doses for the suppression of sweating have been defined.
Suramin selectively inhibits carcinoma cell growth that is dependent on extracellular polyamines. (2003)

Polyamines are necessary for tumour cell growth. Inhibition of endogenous polyamine biosynthesis results in compensatory up-regulation of polyamine uptake. Here, the combined effect of suramin and the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on human carcinoma cell proliferation was studied. Suramin selectively inhibited the growth of tumour cells made dependent on extracellular polyamines by DFMO-treatment. In an animal tumour model, low non-toxic doses of suramin resulted in a 2-fold increase in DFMO tumour growth reduction. Moreover, suramin bound strongly to polyamine-agarose and significantly inhibited polyamine uptake in DFMO-treated cells. Our results indicate that non-toxic doses of suramin augment tumour growth inhibition by DFMO, and that a combination of these well-studied anticancer drugs may represent an additional strategy for cancer treatment.