gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clathrin Terminal Domain-Ligand Interactions Regulate Sorting of Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptors Mediated by AP-1 and GGA Adaptors (2014)

Clathrin plays important roles in intracellular membrane traffic including endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins and receptors and protein sorting between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes. Whether clathrin serves additional roles in receptor recycling, degradative sorting, or constitutive secretion has remained somewhat controversial. Here we have used acute pharmacological perturbation of clathrin terminal domain (TD) function to dissect the role of clathrin in intracellular membrane traffic. We report that internalization of major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) is inhibited in cells depleted of clathrin or its major clathrin adaptor complex 2 (AP-2), a phenotype mimicked by application of Pitstop® inhibitors of clathrin TD function. Hence, MHCI endocytosis occurs via a clathrin/AP-2-dependent pathway. Acute perturbation of clathrin also impairs the dynamics of intracellular clathrin/adaptor complex 1 (AP-1)- or GGA (Golgi-localized, γ-ear-containing, Arf-binding protein)-coated structures at the TGN/endosomal interface, resulting in the peripheral dispersion of mannose 6-phosphate receptors. By contrast, secretory traffic of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, recycling of internalized transferrin from endosomes, or degradation of EGF receptor proceeds unperturbed in cells with impaired clathrin TD function. These data indicate that clathrin is required for the function of AP-1- and GGA-coated carriers at the TGN but may be dispensable for outward traffic en route to the plasma membrane.
PGE2 modulates the tetrodotoxin‐resistant sodium current in neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion neurones via the cyclic AMP‐protein kinase A cascade. (1996)

1. In current-clamp recordings, 1 microM prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased the excitability of neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion neurones. The current threshold for firing was reduced, and the response to a constant suprathreshold stimulation was modified such that a single evoked action potential was converted to a train of action potentials. The excitatory action of PGE2 was still apparent when action potentials were evoked in the presence of 500 nM tetrodotoxin. 2. In voltage-clamp experiments 1 microM PGE2 frequently increased the magnitude of the peak currents recorded, and caused a hyperpolarizing shift (of approximately 6 mV) in the activation curve for the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current (TTX-R INa). In some cells, the hyperpolarizing shift in the activation curve was accompanied by a decrease in peak conductance. PGE2 also caused a hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state inactivation curve for the sodium current. 3. Extracellular application of the cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) at a concentration of 1 mM produced effects on both the current-voltage relationship and the steady-state inactivation curve for the TTX-R INa which were indistinguishable from those observed with PGE2. Prior exposure of the neurones to dbcAMP occluded the effect of a subsequent treatment with PGE2. 4. Forskolin (10 microM), a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, mimicked the effects of PGE2 and dbcAMP on TTX-R INa. The inactive congener of forskolin, 1, 9-dideoxyforskolin (10 microM), reduced the amplitude of TTX-R INa, but did not evoke a hyperpolarizing shift in the activation curve. 5. Intracellular perfusion of the neurones with an inhibitor of protein kinase A inhibited the effect of PGE2 on TTX-R INa. 6. PGE2 also reduced the amplitude of voltage-gated potassium currents (IK), which will contribute to the excitatory action. The mechanisms underlying the changes in IK have yet to be elucidated. 7. We propose that the PGE2-mediated increase in excitability in sensory neurones may be due, at least in part, to the cAMP-protein kinase A-dependent modulation of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF P‐NITROPHENYLAZO‐S‐TRIAZINES (1979)

Abstract Die Cyanursäurederivate (I) reagieren mit p‐Nitrophenylhydrazin (II) unter Cu‐Katalyse zu den Hydrazoverbindungen (III die mit HNOz oder FeCl 3 zu den Azoverbindungen (IV) dehydriert werden.
Isoprene polymerization with indolide‐imine supported rare‐earth metal alkyl and amidinate complexes (2008)

Abstract Reaction of 7‐{( N ‐2,6‐R)iminomethyl)}indole ( HL 1 , R = dimethylphenyl; HL 2 , R = diisopropylphenyl) and rare‐earth metal tris(alkyl)s, Ln(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 3 (THF) 2 , generated new rare‐earth metal bis(alkyl) complexes LLn(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 2 (THF) [L = L 1 : Ln = Lu ( 1a ), Sc ( 1b ); L = L 2 : Ln = Lu ( 3a ), Sc ( 3b )] and mono(alkyl) complexes L 2 2 Lu(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) ( 4a ). Treatment of alkyl complexes 1a and 4a with N,N ′‐diisopropylcarbodiimide afforded the corresponding amidinates L 1 Lu{ i Pr 2 NC(CH 2 SiMe 3 )N i Pr 2 } 2 ( 2a ) and L 2 2 Lu{ i Pr 2 NC(CH 2 SiMe 3 )N i Pr 2 } ( 5a ), respectively. These new rare‐earth metal alkyls and amidinates except 4a in combination with aluminum alkyls and borate generated efficient homogeneous catalysts for the polymerization of isoprene, providing high cis ‐1,4 selectivity and high molar mass polyisoprene with narrow molar mass distribution ( M n = 2.65 × 10 5 , M w / M n = 1.07, cis ‐1,4 98.2%, −60 °C). The environmental hindrance around central metals arising from the bulkiness of the ligands, the Lewis‐acidity of rare‐earth metal ions, the types of aluminum tris(alkyl)s and borate, and polymerization temperature influenced significantly on both the catalytic activity and the regioselectivity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5251–5262, 2008
A hybrid lightwave transmission system for subcarrier multiplexed video and digital B-ISDN services in the local loop (1989)

Lightwave-subcarrier-multiplexed (SCM) transmission systems can provide high-capacity and low-cost delivery of both current and future advanced TV signals. Compatibility of SCM technology with existing baseband digital transmission equipment would eliminate the need for a separate analog distribution network and thereby permit a more graceful evolution to a broadband integrated digital services network (B-ISDN). One version of a hybrid system whereby SCM video and baseband digital signals are simultaneously transmitted by a single laser diode, and the technical issues related to such an implementation are considered. An experiment is discussed in which the three color components of a high-definition TV (HDTV) signal and a baseband 622.08-Mb/s SONET STS-12 rate data signal are transmitted simultaneously by a DFB laser diode via frequency-modulated (FM) subcarriers, over 2 km of a single-mode fiber.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel processing of high aspect ratio 1-3 structures of high density PZT (2002)

A new process for the fabrication of fine scale, high aspect ratio PZT 1-3 composite structures has been developed. In this process, lost mold technique is utilized with a Si mold prepared by deep reactive ion etching (RIE). Due to the high strength and high melting point of Si, PZT sintering under high pressures without removing the mold becomes possible, leading to structures of highly condensed PZT in the precise shape of the mold. The typical PZT structures in this work are periodically arrayed rods 16 /spl mu/m in diameter, 100 /spl mu/m in height, resulting in an aspect ratio higher than six. The fabricated structures are to be applied to high resolution micro-ultrasonic transducers in the frequency range of 20 MHz for medical purpose.
Limbic mechanisms : the continuing evolution of the limbic system concept : [proceedings of the Limbic System Symposium held at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, November 5-6, 1976, as a satellite to the sixth annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience] (1978)

This volume records the proceedings of a Limbic System Sympos- ium held at the University of Toronto, November 5-6th, 1976 as a satellite event to the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Society of Neuroscience. The Symposium was designed in part as a tribute to James Papez on the 40th anniversary of the publication of his epochal paper A Proposed Mechanism of Emotion. Papers by MacLean, Yakovlev, and Angevine provide personal recollections of Papez and an assessment of the significant contri- bution he made to breaking down the still formidable barriers that separate our concepts of brain, mind, emotion, and behavior. Against this background subsequent speakers presented new information that further illuminates the anatomical, physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying limbic system function. Viewed in juxtaposition this new information from disparate fields of neuroscience provides an increasingly coherent picture of the neuronal organization subserving a dynamic limbic system that we can now begin to visualize in operational and transactional terms. The final section of the symposium focusses on the recently identified kindling phenomenon which is viewed as a general model of neural plasticity and more particularly as a model of experi- mentally induced limbic system dysfunction. Using this model it is possible to display, analyse, and experimentally manipulate long lasting changes in limbic system activity, which develop over ex- tended periods of time and are expressed in a variety of behavioral end points involving learning and memory, seizure activity, and changes in emotionality and behavior.
Data Reduction Using a Discrete Wavelet Transform in Discriminant Analysis of Very High Dimensionality Data (2003)

We present a method of data reduction using a wavelet transform in discriminant analysis when the number of variables is much greater than the number of observations. The method is illustrated with a prostate cancer study, where the sample size is 248, and the number of variables is 48,538 (generated using the ProteinChip technology). Using a discrete wavelet transform, the 48,538 data points are represented by 1271 wavelet coefficients. Information criteria identified 11 of the 1271 wavelet coefficients with the highest discriminatory power. The linear classifier with the 11 wavelet coefficients detected prostate cancer in a separate test set with a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 100%.
Calculation Of Alert Levels For Reliability. (2009)

Safety in Aviation is a forecast of failure. That's why many situations occuring during the whole exploatation are noticed and analysed. Analyse is devided in to many factors and, as every statistic use as many data as possible. To get any conclusions one have to compare results of analyses with established alert levels. Those alert levels are a picture of wider experience. The paper describes how to make such a picture. After one simulates when some component will failed, one can replace the component by new one before failure.
Guiding Elastic Rods With a Robot-Manipulated Magnet for Medical Applications (2016)

Magnet-tipped, elastic rods can be steered by an external magnetic field to perform surgical tasks. Such rods could be useful for a range of new medical applications because they do not require either pull wires or other bulky mechanisms that are problematic in small anatomical regions. However, current magnetic rod steering systems are large and expensive. Here, we describe a method to guide a rod using a robot-manipulated magnet located near a patient. We solve for rod deflections by combining permanent-magnet models with a Kirchhoff elastic rod model and use a resolved-rate approach to compute trajectories. Experiments show that three-dimensional trajectories can be executed accurately without feedback and that the system's redundancy can be exploited to avoid obstacles.
Sensitive, Noninvasive Detection of Lymph Node Metastases (2004)

These results suggest for the first time the feasibility of semiautomated nodal cancer staging by noninvasive imaging.
A ranking approach to keyphrase extraction (2009)

This paper addresses the issue of automatically extracting keyphrases from a document. Previously, this problem was formalized as classification and learning methods for classification were utilized. This paper points out that it is more essential to cast the problem as ranking and employ a learning to rank method to perform the task. Specifically, it employs Ranking SVM, a state-of-art method of learning to rank, in keyphrase extraction. Experimental results on three datasets show that Ranking SVM significantly outperforms the baseline methods of SVM and Naive Bayes, indicating that it is better to exploit learning to rank techniques in keyphrase extraction.
A 92 mW, 20 dB gain, broadband lumped SiGe amplifier with bandwidth exceeding 67 GHz (2013)

A compact, power-efficient broadband amplifier is demonstrated in a 0.13-micron SiGe BiCMOS process. The amplifier uses a lumped design topology with a shunt-feedback Darlington input stage and an emitter-follower buffered cascode post-amplifier stage. The overall amplifier consumes 92 mW DC power, and exhibits 20-dB gain. The reported 67-GHz bandwidth is limited by available test equipment, and the post-extraction simulated 3-dB bandwidth is 82 GHz, which implies a gain-bandwidth (GBW) of 820 GHz. The amplifier features a low group delay variation to enable high data rate. The post-extraction simulated group delay is 13+/-2 ps from 1 GHz to 100 GHz. The chip occupies an area of 0.28 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including pads, and the core area is only 0.04 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which includes all active devices and peaking inductors. This amplifier shows a figure-of-merit GBW/P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dc</sub> of 7.3 and 8.9 GHz/mW, assuming bandwidth of 67 GHz and 82 GHz respectively, which are among the best results to date.
The Role of Diesel Ceramic Coatings in Reducing Automotive Emissions and Improving Combustion Efficiency (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel ceramic coatings are now being applied to automotive engine components such as valves, pistons and heads to eliminate visible smoke, inhibit the formation of NOx, reduce CO and particulate emissions and improve combustion efficiency. Recently, specially designed software has been installed by trucking and transit companies to monitor the performance of the diesel ceramic coatings under actual operating conditions, with subsequent testing on EPA-certified dynamometers. The coatings are being evaluated for their ability to control particulate emissions (with and without particulate traps), for emissions in exhaust gases, for smoke, horsepower, speed in miles per hour, exhaust temperature and fuel rate in miles per gallon. These results, as well as the properties of the diesel ceramic coatings which effect these changes in diesel combustion, will be discussed.</div>
SOFC Modeling and Parameter Identification by Means of Impedance Spectroscopy (2009)

A zero-dimensional stationary model for the I-U characteristics of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is presented. The different kinds of electrode polarization resistances are separated from experimental impedance data by means of a detailed equivalent circuit model specified for anode-supported cells. This has the big advantage that partial pressure and temperature dependency of electrode exchange current densities could be determined by a fit of semi-empirical power law model equations. For the first time, the exponents a and b for the pH2- and pH2O-dependency of the anodic exchange current density are obtained independently. Equally, the exponent m for the pO2-dependency of the cathodic exchange current density is derived. The anodic and cathodic gas diffusion polarization is calculated without the estimation of parameters such as tortuosity and porosity. Our approach is advantageous to separate anodic and cathodic activation and diffusion polarization and precisely predicts I-U characteristics for a wide operating range.
Active-site mutagenesis of a Lys49-phospholipase A2: biological and membrane-disrupting activities in the absence of catalysis (2002)

Bothropstoxin-I (BthTx-I) is a myotoxic phospholipase A(2) variant present in the venom of Bothrops jararacussu, in which the Asp(49) residue is replaced with a lysine, which damages artificial membranes by a Ca(2+)-independent mechanism. Wild-type BthTx-I and the mutants Lys(49)-->Asp, His(48)-->Gln and Lys(122)-->Ala were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells, and the hydrolytic, myotoxic and membrane-damaging activities of the recombinant proteins were compared with native BthTx-I purified from whole venom. The Ca(2+)-independent membrane-damaging and myotoxic activities of the native and wild-type recombinant BthTx-I, His(48)Gln and Lys(49)Asp mutants were similar; however, the Lys(122)Ala mutant demonstrated reduced levels of both activities. Although a low hydrolytic activity against a mixed phospholipid substrate was observed with native BthTx-I, no substrate hydrolysis was detected with the wild-type recombinant enzyme or any of the mutants. In the case of the Lys(49)Asp mutant, this demonstrates that the absence of catalytic activity in Lys(49)-PLA(2) is not a consequence of the single Asp(49)-->Lys replacement. Furthermore, these results provide unambiguous evidence that the Ca(2+)-independent membrane-damaging and myotoxic activities are maintained in the absence of hydrolysis. The evidence favours a model for a hydrolysis-independent, membrane-damaging mechanism involving an interaction of the C-terminal region of BthTx-I with the target membrane.
Abdominal Signals: Denoising by Application of the Event Synchronuous Canceller (2007)

The electrical activity recorded on the abdomen during pregnancy and labor (abdominal signals, ADS) contains vital information about the health state of both mother and fetus. The most important signal related with the health of fetus, extensively studied by now, is the fetal ECG (fECG) which allows physicians to examine the evolution of the fetus and to identify possible heart diseases of fetus. The movement of the fetus which shows up in the electrohysterogram (EHG), extracted from ADS, indicates a normal pregnancy. This paper presents a method of removing the maternal ECG (mECG) from ADS in order extract the EHG and to obtain information about the uterine contractions and fetal movements. After removing the mECG and the fECG, the ADS, filtered in the frequency range of the uterine activity, is further used to predict labor or preterm labor. The ADS, cleaned from the mECG allows also the analysis of the fECG for fetal monitoring.
Estimating the Delay between Host Infection and Disease (Incubation Period) and Assessing Its Significance to the Epidemiology of Plant Diseases (2014)

Knowledge of the incubation period of infectious diseases (time between host infection and expression of disease symptoms) is crucial to our epidemiological understanding and the design of appropriate prevention and control policies. Plant diseases cause substantial damage to agricultural and arboricultural systems, but there is still very little information about how the incubation period varies within host populations. In this paper, we focus on the incubation period of soilborne plant pathogens, which are difficult to detect as they spread and infect the hosts underground and above-ground symptoms occur considerably later. We conducted experiments on Rhizoctonia solani in sugar beet, as an example patho-system, and used modelling approaches to estimate the incubation period distribution and demonstrate the impact of differing estimations on our epidemiological understanding of plant diseases. We present measurements of the incubation period obtained in field conditions, fit alternative probability models to the data, and show that the incubation period distribution changes with host age. By simulating spatially-explicit epidemiological models with different incubation-period distributions, we study the conditions for a significant time lag between epidemics of cryptic infection and the associated epidemics of symptomatic disease. We examine the sensitivity of this lag to differing distributional assumptions about the incubation period (i.e. exponential versus Gamma). We demonstrate that accurate information about the incubation period distribution of a pathosystem can be critical in assessing the true scale of pathogen invasion behind early disease symptoms in the field; likewise, it can be central to model-based prediction of epidemic risk and evaluation of disease management strategies. Our results highlight that reliance on observation of disease symptoms can cause significant delay in detection of soil-borne pathogen epidemics and mislead practitioners and epidemiologists about the timing, extent, and viability of disease control measures for limiting economic loss.
Nanopore Sequencing of an Expanded Genetic Alphabet Reveals High-Fidelity Replication of a Predominantly Hydrophobic Unnatural Base Pair (2020)

Unnatural base pairs (UBPs) have been developed and used for a variety of <i>in vitro</i> applications as well as for the engineering of semisynthetic organisms (SSOs) that store and retrieve increased information. However, these applications are limited by the availability of methods to rapidly and accurately determine the sequence of unnatural DNA. Here we report the development and application of the MspA nanopore to sequence DNA containing the d<b>TPT3</b>-d<b>NaM</b> UBP. Analysis of two sequence contexts reveals that DNA containing the UBP is replicated with an efficiency and fidelity similar to that of natural DNA and sufficient for use as the basis of an SSO that produces proteins with noncanonical amino acids.
The DFNB1 subtype of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment (2011)

Inherited hearing impairment is a frequent and highly heterogeneous condition. Among the different subtypes of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment, DFNB1 is remarkable for its high frequency in most populations. It is caused by mutations in the coding region or splice-sites of the GJB2 gene, or by mutations affecting regulatory sequences that are essential for the expression of this gene. GJB2 encodes connexin-26, a protein component of intercellular gap junctions, which play crucial physiological roles in the cochlea. Because of its high frequency, DFNB1 hearing impairment has received continued attention from researchers along the years, resulting in a wealth of data that is unparalleled among these disorders. Here we review our current knowledge on the genetic, molecular, and phenotypic aspects of this subtype of hearing impairment.
Melamine-anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solution as a highly effective and convenient hydrofluorination reagent. (1985)

オレフインやアルコールのフッ素化反応に対し,有機塩基フッ化水素溶液は重合反応を抑制し高選択率でフッ素化生成物を与えることが知られているが,種々の有機塩基フッ化水素溶液について検討した結果,メラミンーフッ化水素溶液がいちじるしく高いフッ素化能を有し,かつ熱的にも安定で,調製の容易さ,水分による活性劣化の度合も小さいなど取り扱いやすさの面でも優れたフッ素化試薬であることが見いだされた。また,メラミンーフッ化水素溶液は液-液不均一混合系となるような有機溶媒(四塩化炭素,ペンタンなど)とともに用いることにより,この溶液のフッ素化試薬としてのくり返し使用が可能であることが明らかとなった。
A mixed-language simulator for concurrent engineering (2002)

We have constructed a simulator that can be used to verify models of hardware whose descriptions can take a variety of forms. This simulator provides a means for sharing models among different project teams at different stages of progress. A key feature of the simulation environment is the ability to use the same test source code for stimulating C-language models, Verilog HDL RTL and gate-level models, emulation hardware, and actual hardware. The simulator can be configured so that mixtures of these model forms can be used for total system-level simulation and regression testing. Another feature of the simulator is that its implementation is fairly project-independent, having been designed to be leveraged across multiple product development cycles.