gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Biological effect of shock waves--more than "just" lithotripsy?]. (1995)

After their introduction into medicine for kidney stone lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock waves have gained an established or promising role in the treatment of bileduct, pancreatic and salivary stones during the last years. Treatment of gallbladder stones is possible in a large proportion of patients, yet is cumbersome. Beyond lithotripsy, treatment of pseudarthrosis by shock waves reveals positive results. The role of shock waves in the treatment of soft tissue pain is at present unknown. There is a potential for further therapeutic applications of shock waves since shock waves exert a strong biological effect on tissue which is mediated by cavitation. Experiments using shock waves for tumor therapy have shown some promising results, yet devices which generate other waveforms than lithotripters are probably better suited. Shock waves cause a transient increase in the permeability of the cell membrane, and this might lead to further applications of shock waves.
Quantum Mechanical Studies on the Crystallographic Model of Bathorhodopsin (2006)

Seeing double: Quantum-mechanical refinement of the X-ray crystal structure of bathorhodopsin (see picture; before optimization green; optimized structure red) highlights the twisted geometry of the chromophore. Calculated Raman, UV/Vis, and CD spectral properties of this first intermediate of the rhodopsin visual cycle agree with those observed experimentally.
Scanning electron diffraction with energy analysis (1965)

The development of direct-recording electron diffraction systems to permit the exclusion of all but elastically diffracted electrons is described. A retarding field analyser, located at a point in the system beyond the defining aperture, permits simple velocity filtering with no loss of angular resolution or accuracy of intensity measurement, in the profiles of diffracted beams. Debye-Scherrer patterns, from elastically diffracted electrons only, have rings appreciably clearer than the rings in patterns containing elastic and inelastic electrons (that is, the patterns which are obtained in conventional photographic diffraction cameras). The filtered profiles have narrower peaks than the unfiltered profiles and the contrast between peaks and background is enhanced. At low values of sin θ/λ in particular, when the inelastic background is very intense, its removal reveals diffraction rings which were previously invisible.
MSH receptor expression and the relationship to melanogenesis and metastatic activity in B16 melanoma (1992)

In this study we have compared the effects of different pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides on melanogenesis and metastasis and their relationship to MSH receptor expression in B16F1 melanoma cells. All peptides, apart from beta-endorphin, increased melanogenesis and the order of potency was Nle4DPhe7-alpha-MSH greater than alpha-MSH greater than ACTH[1-39] greater than des-acetyl alpha-MSH greater than ACTH[1-24]. A similar order of potency was found for metastasis, except for ACTH [1-24], which had a relatively greater effect on metastasis. These findings suggest that the effects on melanogenesis and metastasis are mediated via the same receptor. The results of ligand binding studies also indicated the presence of a single receptor with a KD value for Nle4DPhe7-alpha-MSH of 62 +/- 16pM. This was consistent with crosslinking studies using [125I] Nle4DPhe7-alpha-MSH which produced a single 50-55 kD band on analysis by SDS-PAGE. However, the relative binding affinities of the different peptides, measured by displacement of [125I]-Nle4DPhe7-alpha-MSH, did not closely correlate with the relative potencies in stimulating melanogenesis and metastasis. This suggests that receptor activation and the subsequent biological response is not determined solely by binding affinity.
Optical Testing Using Portable Laser Coordinate Measuring Instruments (2017)

High precision, portable coordinate measuring instruments (CMI) such as laser radars (LR) and laser trackers (LT) have been used for optical system alignment and integration. The LR's ability to perform a non-contact scan of surfaces was previously utilized to characterize large spherical and aspheric mirrors. In this paper, we explore the use of a CMI as an accurate, fast, robust, and non-contact tool for prescription characterization of powered optical surfaces. Using Nikon's MV-224/350 LR and Leica's Absolute Tracker AT401/402 instruments, proof of concept measurements were performed to characterize a variety of optical components by measuring the actual and apparent, or equivalently the direct and through (D&T), coordinates of calibrated metrology targets. Custom macros in metrology software and other data reduction code were developed to compute surface-ray intercepts and surface slopes from the D&T shots. The calculated data is fit to an aspheric surface formula to obtain the optimum prescription. The results were compared to the nominal parameters and were crosschecked using LR scans or other approaches. We discuss potential applications across the fields of optical component fabrication and system alignment and testing.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Isochromenes by CH Activation with Weakly Coordinating Aliphatic Hydroxyl Groups (2014)

Cationic ruthenium(II) complexes have been employed for the highly effective oxidative annulation of alkynes with benzyl alcohols to deliver diversely decorated isochromenes. The hydroxyl-directed C-H/O-H functionalization process proceeded efficiently under an atmosphere of air. Detailed mechanistic studies were indicative of a kinetically relevant C-H metalation.
Derivative-Free Output Feedback Adaptive Control (2011)

This paper presents an output feedback adaptive control architecture for continuoustime uncertain dynamical systems based on state observer and derivative-free delayed weight update law. The assumption of constant unknown ideal weights is generalized to the existence of time-varying weights without assuming the existence of their derivatives in a time interval. As a result, this approach is particularly well suited for adaptation in the presence of sudden change in uncertain system dynamics, such as might be due to reconfiguration, deployment of a payload, docking, structural damage, or there is a difficult to model disturbance. Using a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, it is proven that the error dynamics are uniformly ultimately bounded, without the need for modification terms in the adaptive law. The complexity of the proposed approach is less than many other output feedback adaptive control architectures available in the literature and it can be used to augment an existing state observer based linear controller.
원보 : 윤노리나무 과실의 페놀성 성분 (2013)

The fruits of Pourthiaea villosa were extracted with methanol and its extract was fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Repeated column chromatography of silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and HPLC led to the isolation of nine phenolic compounds from ethyl acetate soluble fraction. The chemical structures were elucidated as kaemferol- 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (astragalin) (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl( 1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), caffeic acid (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), quercetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (7), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (quercitrin) (8), and kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (afzelin) (9) by spectroscopic techniques. These compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Effect of age and single versus multiple dose pharmacokinetics of letrozole (Femara<sup>®</sup>) in breast cancer patients (2001)

Letrozole (trademark Femara) is a new orally active, potent and selective aromatase inhibitor for the hormonal treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The pharmacokinetics of letrozole and the suppression of peripheral estrogens were studied in 28 breast cancer patients after a single dose and at steady state. The pharmacokinetics of two distinct age groups (> or =50, < or =65, N=15 and > or =70 years old, N=9) were compared. There were no significant differences in area under the curve (AUC) or terminal half-life between the two age groups neither after a single dose nor at steady state. However, when comparing steady state to single dose kinetics, half-life and AUC increased significantly by 42% (90% CI: 1.13, 1.78) and 28% (90% CI: 1.12, 1.47), respectively. This deviation from linearity was probably due to a partial saturation or auto-inhibition of the dominant metabolic clearance mechanism of letrozole. At steady state, approximately 70% of the administered dose was excreted in urine as unchanged letrozole (6.0+/-3.8%) or as the glucuronide of the major, pharmacologically inactive metabolite CGP44645 (64.2+/-22.7%). A single dose of letrozole caused suppression of serum estrogen levels close to the quantification limit of the assay. No difference between single dose suppression and suppression at steady state could be detected.
Recognizing activities in multiple contexts using transfer learning (2008)

Activities of daily living are good indicators of the health status of elderly. Therefore, automating the monitoring of these activities is a crucial step in future care giving. However, many models for activity recognition rely on labeled examples of activities for learning the model parameters. Due to the high variability of different contexts, parameters learned for one context can not automatically be used in another. In this paper, we present a method that allows us to transfer knowledge of activity recognition from one context to the next, a task called transfer learning. We show the effectiveness of our method using real world datasets.
A visual model for optimizing the design of image processing algorithms (2002)

The paper describes an algorithm for the assessment of image fidelity. The algorithm includes an image processing model of the human visual system for luminance still imagery. The major components of the algorithm are described that model the visual system as three main sensitivity variations. These address the sensitivity as a function of gray level, as a function of spatial frequency, and as a function of image content. To quantify the performance of the algorithm, specific psychophysical experiments were simulated, and these results are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Architectural Principles of the "Streamonas" Data Stream Management System and Performance Evaluation Based on the Linear Road Benchmark (2008)

Data stream management systems (DSMSs) receive large overheads when queries directly access the serial non-indexed incoming stream. Our novel architecture, presented in this work, addresses this problem by indexing the incoming dataflow based on a specially designed data structure. The role of this data structure is as fundamental for our DSMS as the role of a relation in a relational DBMS. The architecture achieves reusability, query parallelism and O(1) constant time complexity access to streamed data. The system managed to run the maximum level of difficulty the linear road benchmark has (10 expressways), demonstrating excellent performance results.
A Functional Evaluation of Prosthetic Foot Kinematics During Lower-Limb Amputee Gait (2006)

This paper reports on a functional evaluation of prosthetic feet based on gait analysis. The aim is to analyse prosthetic feet behaviour under loads applied during gait in order to quantify user benefits for each foot. Ten traumatic amputees (six trans-tibial and four trans-femoral) were tested using their own prosthetic foot. An original protocol is presented to calculate the forefoot kinematics together with the overall body kinematics and ground reaction forces during gait. In this work, sagittal motion of the prosthetic ankle and the forefoot, time-distance parameters and ground reaction forces were examined. It is shown that an analysis of not only trans-tibial but also trans-femoral amputees provides an insight in the performance of prosthetic feet. Symmetry and prosthetic propulsive force were proved to be mainly dependant on amputation level. In contrast, the flexion of the prosthetic forefoot and several time-distance parameters are highly influenced by foot design. Correlations show influential of foot and ankle kinematics on other parameters. These results suggest that prosthetic foot efficiency depends simultaneously on foot design and gait style. The evaluation, proposed in this article, associated to clinical examination should help to achieve the best prosthetic foot match to a patient.
Self-explanatory financial planning models (1984)

The purpose of computing is insight, not numbers.-- R. W. Hamming A financial model is a representation of the activities of a business in terms of quantitative relationships among variables that can help an analyst understand the financial consequences of past activities or assumed future activities. The equations comprising such models form a kind of knowledge base which can be used to generate explanations. In this paper we give some background on financial models, discuss two sorts of explanations in this domain, and present a procedure for explaining model results. Int reduction “It is February 1974 and as President of the Battery Company you are a little concerned at the results for 1973 that you have just received. Despite a 20 % increase in sales over 1972, profits have
Stimulation of MAPK cascades by insulin and osmotic shock: lack of an involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (2000)

Osmotic shock and insulin stimulate GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport via mechanisms that are for the most part distinct yet convergent. In this article, we investigated the effect of osmotic shock and insulin on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The MAPKs are activated by phosphorylation on conserved tyrosine and threonine residues. Both sorbitol and insulin strongly stimulated extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 phosphorylation (8- and 18-fold, respectively). In contrast, c-jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) phosphorylation was stimulated only by sorbitol (sevenfold) and not by insulin. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was stimulated strongly by sorbitol (22-fold) but weakly by insulin (2.7-fold). Measurement of intrinsic JNK and p38 MAPK activity confirmed the phosphorylation studies. JNK and p38 MAPK were activated only significantly by sorbitol. The MAPKs are phosphorylated by dual-specificity kinases (mitogen-activated ERK-activating kinase [MEK] or MAPK kinase [MKK]). As expected, sorbitol and insulin both stimulated MEK phosphorylation. MKK4 was phosphorylated only in response to sorbitol, and neither of the stimuli caused phosphorylation of MKK3 or 6. To determine the functional significance of the observed activation of p38 MAPK in response to insulin and osmotic shock, we used three pyridinyl imidazole p38 MAPK inhibitors, SB203580, SB202190, and PD169316. Insulin and osmotic shock-stimulated glucose transport was not inhibited by any inhibitor at concentrations that were shown to block p38 MAPK activity. Furthermore, activation of the p38 MAPK pathway by treatment of cells with anisomycin did not stimulate glucose transport. These results suggest that activation of the p38 MAPK pathway is not involved in the stimulation of glucose transport.
Compact Polarization Camera with Liquid-Crystal Retarder for Patterning of Biological Textures (2008)

The designed camera allows illumination with polarized light and consequently capturing two orthogonally polarized images using liquid crystal retarder and polarizer. Real time mapping of polarization degree and correlation coefficient were built into image processing.
The hepatic apelin system (2008)

The selective hepatic activation of the apelin system, together with the drop in fibrosis and neoangiogenesis and the improvement in cardiovascular and excretory function resulting from apelin receptor blockade, points to the hepatic apelin system as a novel therapeutic target in liver disease.
Object-oriented modeling, querying, and indexing for multi-structured hypermedia document database (2002)

The hypermedia document is also a kind of structured document. However more factors should be considered in handling hypermedia documents because they contain multimedia data and also have multiple complex structures such as hyperlink networks and spatial/temporal layout structures as well as logical structures. We propose an object-oriented model for multi-structured hypermedia documents and multimedia data, and a query language for retrieving hypermedia document elements based on the content and multiple complex structures. By using an indexing scheme which exploits multiple structures, we can process queries efficiently with minimal storage overhead.
Command shaping for fast and precise positioning considering target position correction (2007)

This paper presents a command shaping technique based on a minimum jerk control approach for the fast and precise positioning in vibratory mechatronic systems, considering a target position correction during the positioning motion. The positioning controller is designed in the framework of 2-degreesof- freedom control: a feedback compensator is synthesized by a H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</inf> control design to ensure the robust stability, while a feedforward compensator suppresses resonant vibrations in response based on a coprime factorization expression of the plant mechanism. The command shaping, on the other hand, eliminates the corresponding vibration components in the position command, where the continuity of jerk component in the correction profile can be ensured against the target position correction. The effectiveness of the proposed shaping technique has been verified by experiments using a table drive system on machine stand.
CO2 capture using aqueous ammonia: kinetic study and process simulation (2011)

Carbon dioxide capture using aqueous ammonia is a post-combustion technology that has shown a good potential. Therefore this process is studied by measuring the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous ammonia and by performing process simulation. The rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous ammonia solvent has been studied by applying a wetted wall column apparatus. The rate of absorption is crucial regarding the sizing of the absorber columns. The overall mass transfer coefficient has been measured at temperatures from 279 to 304 K for 1 to 10 wt% ammonia solutions at loadings up to 0.6. The results were compared with those found for 30 wt% mono-ethanolamine (MEA) solutions. The capture process was simulated successfully using the simulator Aspen Plus coupled with the extended UNIQUAC thermodynamic model available for the NH3–CO2–H2O system. For this purpose, a user model interface was developed. The heat and electricity requirements were analyzed for a base case configuration, and a preliminary sensitivity analysis was performed on the heat and the electricity requirements and on the ammonia slip from the absorber.
Maximizing profit using recommender systems (2009)

Traditional recommendation systems make recommendations based solely on the customer's past purchases, product ratings and demographic data without considering the profitability the items being recommended. In this work we study the question of how a vendor can directly incorporate the profitability of items into its recommender so as to maximize its expected profit while still providing accurate recommendations. Our approach uses the output of any traditional recommender system and adjust them according to item profitabilities. Our approach is parameterized so the vendor can control how much the recommendation incorporating profits can deviate from the traditional recommendation. We study our approach under two settings and show that it achieves approximately 22% more profit than traditional recommendations.
Ultraviolet Absorbers: A Treatment to Reduce Fading and Degradation of Textiles (1987)

Fiber artists, as well as museum personnel, have attempted to reduce fading and/or deterioration in textiles by 1) using lower levels of lighting, 2) using incandescent lights instead of fluorescent lights, and 3) using ultraviolet filters on fluorescent lights. However, in many public buildings and in some daylighted museum galleries, textiles may be displayed without protection from light by any of the above measures. Therefore, many contemporary textiles are subjected to unusually high levels of lighting because most North American buildings are well lighted by fluorescent lamps and/or daylight through large expanses of window glass that emit or transmit sizable amounts of ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation is particularly damaging to textiles, paper and other organic materials because it is capable of inducing photochemical changes that result in fading and strength loss. This study examined ultraviolet absorbers as an alternative method for reducing light-induced fading and degradation. Most ultraviolet absorbers commercially available in the United States were initially screened for potential use on textiles on the basis of color, toxicity, solubility, and ability to reduce fading. After preliminary evaluations, four benzophenone-based absorbers were selected for further study. The UV absorbers were applied to colored wool textiles plus undyed cotton, linen, silk and wool by an immersion procedure. After treatment the specimens were exposed to light in a xenon-arc Weather-Ometer, an accelerated lightfastness testing instrument. Total color change was instrumentally measured using a HunterLab tristimulus colorimeter. Strength loss was evaluated by breaking strength tests using a CRE Scott Tester. Results showed that three of the UV absorbers modestly reduced fading in approximately fifty percent of the dyed wool specimens and slightly suppressed degradation in the undyed fibers. The treatment shows promise for use on wool textiles such as tapestries colored with natural dyes.
Nanostructuring graphene on SiC by focused ion beam: Effect of the ion fluence (2011)

International audience
Measurement of Semantic Textual Similarity in Clinical Texts: Comparison of Transformer-Based Models (2020)

This study demonstrated the efficiency of utilizing transformer-based models to measure semantic similarity for clinical text. Our models can be applied to clinical applications such as clinical text deduplication and summarization.
Internet-based survey on driver's psychosomatic state for the creation of driver monitor function (2011)

Internet survey may be one of effective means to gather experiences of applicants regarding traffic incidents. We introduced an Internet survey and analyzed driver's behavior and psychosomatic state immediately before traffic incident by means of using 7 models of traffic accidents. We identified driver's distraction is one of key factors which may result in traffic accidents. Then we created a methodology to detect driver's distraction by means of using the AdaBoost as a pattern recognition algorithm, where we used four recognition features such as standard deviation (hereinafter; SD) of gaze angle, SD of head rotation angle, pupil diameter, and heart rate RRI. Finally we proposed a concept of a function for detecting driver's states for an intelligent drive support system.