gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Event correlation (2001)

The advent of modern computer technology has enabled the development of many complex man-made systems. These include discrete manufacturing systems, communication networks, computer systems, traffic control systems, and inventory systems. A common characteristic of these systems is that they have discrete states (e.g., idle, processing, queue empty/full, and normal/faulty). Also, their state transition is triggered by events (e.g., part arrival/dispatch, alarms, commands, and timeout). For this reason, these systems are called discrete event systems or event-driven systems. As today's industry moves towards more complex, distributed and heterogeneous discrete event systems, there is a growing need for integration, consolidation, correlation, and distribution of the events coming from the systems. Event correlation achieves those objectives using methods borrowed mostly from artificial intelligence and formal methods. Historically, event correlation systems were developed for real-time monitoring of many classical mission-critical systems such as power plant and water/gas/oil distribution systems. Recently, it has been spreading into new areas such as messaging, network management and computer intrusion detection.
Abstract: X-ray spectroscopic investigations of the hydration structure of aqueous La3+ at elevated pressures and temperatures (2001)

Alan J. Anderson1, William A. Bassett2, I-Ming Chou, Sumedha Jayanetti, and Robert A. Mayanovic 'Department a/Geology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5 Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A. 3 MS 954, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, U.S.A. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65804, U.S.A.
1.55 μm-wavelength CW microchip lasers (1996)

Erbium doped microchip lasers have been operated at 1.55 µm. Incident pump threshold of 15 mW and slope efficiency of 38 % have been measured under diode pumping on samples with different cavity thicknesses.
Serum Amyloid A (SAA): a Concise Review of Biology, Assay Methods and Clinical Usefulness (1999)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a family of proteins encoded in a multigene complex. Acute phase isotypes SAA1 and SAA2 are synthesized in response to inflammatory cytokines. SAA and C-reactive protein (CRP) are now the most sensitive indicators for assessing inflammatory activity. In viral infection and kidney allograft rejection, SAA proved more useful than CRP. Development of convenient assay methods for SAA will facilitate its use in clinical laboratories.
Progress in capillary electrophoresis coupled to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization – time of flight mass spectrometry (2006)

In this review the most important techniques developed to hyphenate CE to MALDI-TOF-MS are summarized. The principles of the different interfaces and ways to solve the hyphenation problem are explained and discussed in detail. The most important applications especially in the proteomic field are reviewed, and the advantages of CE-MALDI-TOF-MS for the analysis of these compounds compared to other techniques such as ESI-MS are exhaustingly discussed from a critical point of view. CE coupled to MALDI-TOF-MS has started to overpass traditionally used CE-coupling techniques, especially CE-ESI-MS, offering the possibility to analyze samples of interest even weeks after CE analysis and using multiplexing systems for high-sample throughput.
The HGMS filter performance exponential law (1989)

An optoelectronic system in conjunction with random and ordered filters using Mn/sub 2/P/sub 2/O/sub 7/:3H/sub 2/O aqueous polydisperse particle suspensions is employed to verify experimentally the HGMS (high-gradient magnetic separator) filter performance law. A theoretical model describing the performance of and particle retention in the random and orthonomic filters was rigorously tested by a number of experiments which involved the variation of the filter length, background fluid velocity, and applied magnetic field. The consistent agreement of the experimental results and the theoretical model is marked, indicating that for these suspensions the HGMS filter performance exponential law is valid within the range of operational parameters examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
cAMP inhibits induction of interleukin 2 but not of interleukin 4 in T cells. (1990)

In this report, we explore the nature of the inductive stimuli leading to expression of the divergently regulated lymphokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). Elevation of cAMP levels blocks IL-2 induction while sparing IL-4 induction. These effects are gene-specific, not cell-specific, and can be observed in the same cells. Transient transfection experiments using murine IL-2 regulatory sequences to drive expression of a reporter gene show at least part of the inhibition to act at the transcriptional level. The possible biological significance of these results is indicated by the observation that representative type 2 helper T-cell lines maintain significantly higher levels of cAMP per cell than a type 1 helper T-cell line. Fresh splenic CD4+ T cells, which preferentially make IL-2, have particularly low levels of cAMP per cell and a low capacity to elevate cAMP in response to forskolin. However, their response to forskolin increases significantly after several days of stimulation. These results suggest a potential link between differential cAMP regulation and the divergence of memory T cells into effector subsets.
Crystal structure of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase complexed with fructose 6-phosphate, AMP, and magnesium. (1990)

The crystal structure of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) complexed with fructose 6-phosphate, AMP, and Mg2+ has been solved by the molecular replacement method and refined at 2.5-A resolution to a R factor of 0.215, with root-mean-square deviations of 0.013 A and 3.5 degrees for bond lengths and bond angles, respectively. No solvent molecules have been included in the refinement. This structure shows large quaternary and tertiary conformational changes from the structures of the unligated enzyme or its fructose 2,6-bisphosphate complex, but the secondary structures remain essentially the same. Dimer C3-C4 of the enzyme-fructose 6-phosphate-AMP-Mg2+ complex twists about 19 degrees relative to the same dimer of the enzyme-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate complex if their C1-C2 dimers are superimposed on one another. Nevertheless, many interfacial interactions between dimers of C1-C2 and C3-C4 are conserved after quaternary structure changes occur. Residues of the AMP domain (residues 6-200) show large migrations of C alpha atoms relative to barely significant positional changes of the FBP domain (residues 201-335).
Characterization and functionality of CXCR4 chemokine receptor and SDF-1 in human corneal fibroblasts. (2003)

These results indicate for the first time that cultured human corneal fibroblasts express the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1. This latter might exert physiological effects on the cornea and could be involved in pathological conditions such as corneal angiogenesis.
Effect of Radiosurgery Alone vs Radiosurgery With Whole Brain Radiation Therapy on Cognitive Function in Patients With 1 to 3 Brain Metastases (2016)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00377156.
Scalable fault-tolerant aggregation in large process groups (2002)

The paper discusses fault-tolerant, scalable solutions to the problem of accurately and scalably calculating global aggregate functions in large process groups communicating over unreliable networks. These groups could represent sensors or processes communicating over a network that is either fixed (e.g., the Internet) or dynamic (e.g., multihop ad-hoc). Group members are prone to failures. The ability to evaluate global aggregate properties (e.g., the average of sensor temperature readings) is important for higher-level coordination activities in such large groups. We first define the setting and problem, laying down metrics to evaluate different algorithms for the same. We discuss why the usual approaches to solve this problem are unviable and unscalable over an unreliable network prone to message delivery failures and crash failures. We then propose a technique to impose an abstract hierarchy on such large groups, describing how this hierarchy can be made to mirror the network topology. We discuss several alternatives to use this technique to solve the global aggregate function evaluation problem. Finally, we present a protocol based on gossiping that uses this hierarchical technique. We present mathematical analysis and performance results to validate the robustness, efficiency and accuracy of the Hierarchical Gossiping algorithm.
Design of coherent receiver optical front end for unamplified applications (2012)

Advanced modulation schemes together with coherent detection and digital signal processing has enabled the next generation high-bandwidth optical communication systems. One of the key advantages of coherent detection is its superior receiver sensitivity compared to direct detection receivers due to the gain provided by the local oscillator (LO). In unamplified applications, such as metro and edge networks, the ultimate receiver sensitivity is dictated by the amount of shot noise, thermal noise, and the residual beating of the local oscillator with relative intensity noise (LO-RIN). We show that the best sensitivity is achieved when the thermal noise is balanced with the residual LO-RIN beat noise, which results in an optimum LO power. The impact of thermal noise from the transimpedance amplifier (TIA), the RIN from the LO, and the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) from a balanced photodiode are individually analyzed via analytical models and compared to numerical simulations. The analytical model results match well with those of the numerical simulations, providing a simplified method to quantify the impact of receiver design tradeoffs. For a practical 100 Gb/s integrated coherent receiver with 7% FEC overhead, we show that an optimum receiver sensitivity of -33 dBm can be achieved at GFEC cliff of 8.55E-5 if the LO power is optimized at 11 dBm. We also discuss a potential method to monitor the imperfections of a balanced and integrated coherent receiver.
Combination Therapy With Fenofibrate and Rosiglitazone Paradoxically Lowers Serum HDL Cholesterol (2004)

PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; TG, triglyceride; TZD,
Island histories, open cultures? The electronic transformation of adjacency (2000)

Technology transforms the historical character of enclaves, making the remote readily accessible to the centre, and the centre equally accessible to the remote, and placing remote locations in reach of one another. The physical boundaries that produced information enclaves no longer have the power to effect cohesive social separation. Information communication technology introduces new social practices and social patterns. At the same time, the political geography of islands and small states enables readier decision making. The combination of ready access to external structures through new technology and the potential for more rapid implementation of new technologies in smaller, and thus less complex, structures renders small states and island sites key beneficiaries of, and pioneers in, the adoption of information communication technologies (ICT). Singapore stands testimony to the trend. Networking by small states and islands through a combination of new technology and face-to-face meetings can generate new economic and social structures within global functioning. The voice of the small social and political unit can now gain volume through cooperation and communication within the institutional capabilities of the new ICT. Sponsoring and monitoring technology developers to ensure that scale technologies appropriate for small and remote locations do indeed develop must be a priority of the new electronic advocacy networks proliferating in the cooperation between public and private society, both in the developing and developed world. This paper sketches these dynamics and provides instances and examples of new developments in the field of community empowerment. These are relevant for island sites, small states and peripheral regions and present challenges and opportunities for both commerce and governance.
10 V Write/Erase, EAROM cells with directly nitrided silicon nitride films as first insulating layers (1977)

Writing and erasing voltages of an electrically alterable nonvolatile memory (EAROM) have been decreased to 10 volts by employing a silicon nitride film grown by directly thermal nitridation of a silicon substrate as the first insulating layer of a stacked-gate structure. Memory retention, writing and erasing repetition, continuous reading-out and programing time have been excellently improved when these are compared with conventional erasable programable ROMs.
An Equivalent-Circuit Model for Phase-Back Voltage Control of AC Machines (1986)

The use of a simple series reactance model to represent the fundamental-component behavior of phase-back silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) or silicon bidirectional thyristor (Triac) switches controlling an ac machine is explored. A conceptual model of the phase-back switch as a harmonic power converter is developed to explain the reactance model and its limitations. Several sample applications, which are compared to ``exact'' state space computer solutions, are presented to illustrate the accuracy and limitations of the method. The ratio of harmonic power to fundamental-component VA at the switch is used to develop an impedance ratio criterion to determine the applicability of the model to specific cases.
Synthesis and circular dichroism of (5S)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one (1978)

(5S)-1-Azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one or epi-1-carbapenam was prepared by cyclization of (2S)-2-pyrrolidylacetic acid. The optical purity of this homoproline, which was obtained for the first time in an active form, was established by carrying out its synthesis by two independent reaction sequences. The circular dichroism curve of epi-1-carbapenam showed a negative Cotton effect at 231 nm with a shoulder at about 212 nm. This result was compared to our findings for the CD of penicillanates. © 1978, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons (2015)

Therapeutic and mechanistic studies of the presynaptically targeted clostridial neurotoxins (CNTs) have been limited by the need for a scalable, cell-based model that produces functioning synapses and undergoes physiological responses to intoxication. Here we describe a simple and robust method to efficiently differentiate murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into defined lineages of synaptically active, networked neurons. Following an 8 day differentiation protocol, mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neurons (ESNs) rapidly express and compartmentalize neurotypic proteins, form neuronal morphologies and develop intrinsic electrical responses. By 18 days after differentiation (DIV 18), ESNs exhibit active glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synapses and emergent network behaviors characterized by an excitatory:inhibitory balance. To determine whether intoxication with CNTs functionally antagonizes synaptic neurotransmission, thereby replicating the in vivo pathophysiology that is responsible for clinical manifestations of botulism or tetanus, whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology was used to quantify spontaneous miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) in ESNs exposed to tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) or botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes /A-/G. In all cases, ESNs exhibited near-complete loss of synaptic activity within 20 hr. Intoxicated neurons remained viable, as demonstrated by unchanged resting membrane potentials and intrinsic electrical responses. To further characterize the sensitivity of this approach, dose-dependent effects of intoxication on synaptic activity were measured 20 hr after addition of BoNT/A. Intoxication with 0.005 pM BoNT/A resulted in a significant decrement in mEPSCs, with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.013 pM. Comparisons of median doses indicate that functional measurements of synaptic inhibition are faster, more specific and more sensitive than SNARE cleavage assays or the mouse lethality assay. These data validate the use of synaptically coupled, stem cell-derived neurons for the highly specific and sensitive detection of CNTs.
Microbial transformations of natural antitumour agents. Part 15. Metabolism of bruceantin by Streptomyces griseus (1981)

Microbial transformations were conducted with the quassinoid bruceantin (1). Screening studies with 193 micro-organisms provided several streptomycetes capable of accumulating bruceantin metabolites. Streptomyces griseus(ATCC 10137) totally metabolized bruceantin within 19 h, and a preparative-scale incubation using bruceantin provided bruceine C (4), bruceantin 4′,5′-epoxide (3), and bruceantin-5′-ol (5). Structures of metabolites were assigned based on their 1H n.m.r. and mass spectral characteristics. Metabolites (3) and (5) are novel analogues of bruceantin, and are formed by an unusual pathway involving oxidation of bruceantin, probably through the unisolated 4′,5′-bruceantin olefin (2) to the epoxide (3), which serves as an obligatory precursor for bruceine C (4) and bruceantin-5′-ol (5).
Power distribution automation and object-oriented agents (2002)

The use of information technologies within distribution utilities is increasing. However, a problem is emerging: traditional technologies cannot cope with large distribution automation systems based on heterogeneous sub-systems. To overcome this problem, we identify the need for systems integration, high-level co-operation protocols and powerful and flexible, yet robust, models of interaction. We describe a system architecture for distribution automation composed of object-oriented agents developed in different environments, interconnected using CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture).
Analysis of the design of bubble-column reactors for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of the design of bubble-column reactors for Fischer-Tropsch synthesisDavid Stern, Alexis T. Bell, and Heinz HeinemannCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1985, 24, 4, 1213–1219Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200031a053https://doi.org/10.1021/i200031a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Theoretical Study of Light Fractionation and Dose-Rate Effects in Photodynamic Therapy (1997)

The efficacy of photodynamic therapy is dependent upon the optical dose rate or upon the fractionation schedule on the light. These effects are thought to be limited by the time required for oxygen diffusion from the capillaries, since this therapy can consume oxygen faster than it can be supplied to tissues distant from the blood vessels. Oxygen diffusion and consumption by metabolic and photochemical mechanisms have been modeled here to compare theoretical predictions with experimental results of varying light fractionations and delivered dose rates. The mathematics of the problem have been described in the literature, and the present study extends these calculations to allow a more direct and quantitative comparison with fractionation experiments, using both analytical and numerical arguments. The optimum fraction time was found to depend only on the intercapillary spacing and not on the intensity of irradiation or the concentration of photosensitizer. The calculations indicate that experimentally observed optimum fractionation times of 30 and 60 s correspond to a distance from capillary to cell of approximately 1 mm. These results suggest that the fractionated light irradiation experiments need careful interpretation, and some possible reasons for longer optimum fractionation times are discussed.
Glucocorticoid regulation of insulin receptor and substrate IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle in vivo. (1993)

To test the hypothesis that glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance might originate from abnormalities in insulin receptor signaling, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on in vivo tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the insulin receptor substrate IRS-1 in rat skeletal muscle. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cortisone (100 mg/kg for 5 d) and compared to pair-fed controls. Cortisone treatment of rats resulted in both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Anesthetized animals were injected with 10 U/kg insulin via cardiac puncture and, after 2 min, hindlimb muscles were removed, snap-frozen, and homogenized in SDS. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was studied by immunoblotting with phosphotyrosine antibody. Insulin receptors and substrate IRS-1 were identified and quantified with specific antibodies. Cortisone treatment increased the amount of insulin receptor protein by 36%, but decreased the total level of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation (69 +/- 4% of control, P < 0.05). The decreased level of receptor phosphorylation was explained by a reduced number of receptors containing phosphorylated tyrosine residues (64.6 +/- 5% of control, P < 0.05). Glucocorticoid excess decreased skeletal muscle IRS-1 content by 50%, but did not significantly alter the total level of IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. The apparent M(r) of IRS-1 was reduced by approximately 10 kD. Treatment with protein phosphatase-2A reduced IRS-1 M(r) in control but not in glucocorticoid-treated muscle indicating that the lower M(r) likely results from lower phosphoserine and/or phosphothreonine content. To investigate the role of hyperinsulinemia in the glucocorticoid response, rats were made insulin-deficient with streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, i.p.). Subsequent treatment with cortisone for 5 d had no effects on insulin levels, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptors or IRS-1, or the M(r) of IRS-1. In conclusion, glucocorticoid-treated skeletal muscle is characterized by: (a) decreased total tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptors as a result of a reduction in the pool of receptors undergoing tyrosine phosphorylation; (b) decreased IRS-1 content and reduced serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of IRS-1. Glucocorticoid-induced hyperinsulinemia appears to be essential for the development of these alterations.