gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HEAVY WATER. A REVIEW OF PROCESSES AND PLANTS FOR LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION (1954)

J wave and/or QRS slurring was found more frequently among athletes with cardiac arrest/sudden death than in control athletes. Nevertheless, the presence of this ECG pattern appears not to confer a higher risk for recurrent malignant ventricular arrhythmias.
Crystallization of Glycine by Photon Pressure of a Focused CW Laser Beam (2007)

Abstract An intense CW-YVO4 laser beam of 1064 nm was focused into a supersaturated D2O solution of glycine, leading to its crystallization. At the focal point on an air–solution interface, a small single glycine crystal was trapped and grew quickly. The crystallization mechanism is considered in view of gathering and organization of large solute clusters of glycine by photon pressure.
Two different mechanisms mediate catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis levanase operon (1995)

There are two levels of control of the expression of the levanase operon in Bacillus subtilis: induction by fructose, which involves a positive regulator, LevR, and the fructose phosphotransferase system encoded by this operon (lev-PTS), and a global regulation, catabolite repression. The LevR activator interacts with its target, the upstream activating sequence (UAS), to stimulate the transcription of the E sigma L complex bound at the "-12, -24" promoter. Levanase operon expression in the presence of glucose was tested in strains carrying a ccpA gene disruption or a ptsH1 mutation in which Ser-46 of HPr is replaced by Ala. In a levR+ inducible genetic background, the expression of the levanase operon was partially resistant to catabolite repression in both mutants, indicating that the CcpA repressor and the HPr-SerP protein are involved in the glucose control of this operon. In addition, a cis-acting catabolite-responsive element (CRE) of the levanase operon was identified and investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. The CRE sequence TGAAAACGCTT(a)ACA is located between positions -50 and -36 from the transcriptional start site, between the UAS and the -12, -24 promoter. However, in a background constitutive for levanase, neither HPr, CcpA, nor CRE is involved in glucose repression, suggesting the existence of a different pathway of glucose regulation. Using truncated LevR proteins, we showed that this CcpA-independent pathway required the presence of the domain of LevR (amino acids 411 to 689) homologous to the BglG family of bacterial antiterminators.
Parallel-kinematic-mechanism-based monolithic XY micropositioning stage with rotary comb drive actuators (2008)

Micro-positioning stages fabricated using Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based processes have been critical in enabling micro/nano manipulation and probing. These stages have been extensively used in micro-force sensors, scanning probe microscopy and micro optical lens scanners. This paper presents the design, kinematic and dynamic analysis, fabrication and characterization of a novel monolithic micro-positioning XY stage. The design of the proposed micro-positioning stage is based on a Parallel Kinematic Mechanism (PKM). The PKM based design decouples the motion in the XY direction. Additionally, it restricts the parasitic rotation of the end-effector (table) of the micro-positioning stage while providing an increased motion range. The motion of the stage is linear in the operating range thus simplifying its kinematics. The truss like parallel kinematic mechanism design of the stage structure reduces its mass while keeping the stage stiffness high. This leads to a high natural frequency of the micro-positioning stage (1250Hz) and a high Q-factor of 156. The stage mechanism is fabricated on a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) substrate and is actuated by integrated electrostatic rotary comb drives. The fabrication process uses multi-layer patterning along with an Inductively Coupled Plasma Deep Reactive Ion Etching (ICP-DRIE). The use of ICP-DRIE enables the high aspect ratio etching that is required for the stage fabrication and its optimal actuation using the integrated electrostatic rotary comb drives. The fabricated stages have a motion range of more than 30 microns of decoupled displacements along the X and Y directions at a driving voltage of 200V.
Building intelligent systems one e-citizen at a time (1999)

The article comprises two sections. In the first, the author suggests that speculative markets are a neglected way to help Us find out what people know. Such markets pool the information that is known to diverse individuals into a common resource, and have many advantages over standard institutions for information aggregation, such as news media, peer review, trials, and opinion polls. Speculative markets are decentralized and relatively egalitarian, and can offer direct, concise, timely, and precise estimates in answer to questions we pose. In the second section, the author argues that now is the time for computer science and cognitive science to have their big science-one that harvests informal knowledge from a large number of e-citizens for building useful software for next generation systems. Given the conjunction of several forces-the need for natural human-machine interfaces and improved Web searching, the existence of good learning algorithms and Web infrastructure, and the demonstrated success of the Open Source methodology-the time is right for the Open Mind Initiative.
An Experimental Study of Gaseous Transverse Injection and Mixing Process in a Simulated Engine Intake Port (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The flow field resulting from injecting a gas jet into a crossflow confined in a narrow square duct has been studied under steady regime using schlieren imaging and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). This transparent duct is intended to simulate the intake port of an internal combustion engine fueled by gaseous mixture, and the jet is issued from a round nozzle. The schlieren images show that the relative small size of the duct would confine the development of the transverse jet, and the interaction among jet and sidewalls strongly influences the mixing process between jet and crossflow. The mean velocity and turbulence fields have been studied in detail through LDV measurements, at both center plane and several cross sections. The well-known flow feature formed by a counter rotating vortex pair (CVP) has been observed, which starts to appear at the jet exit section and persists far downstream contributing to enhancing mixing process.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In addition, jets of different gases have been investigated with various injection orientations, aiming to fully understand the behaviors of transverse jet and the mixing process in the simulated intake port under wide practical conditions. Particularly, jet injection against crossflow has been found favorable in this study. The results show that the injection direction can influence the flow field remarkably, while the effect of injected gas is negligible, when the appropriate scaling is applied. A detailed description of the flow field inside a model intake port of an engine fueled with gaseous fuel is provided by the presented study and can be the basis for future comparison with computations.</div></div>
Exhaled Endogenous Particles Contain Lung Proteins (2011)

Our data strongly support that PEx originate from RTLF and reflect the composition of undiluted RTLF.
High-Quality See-Through Surgical Guidance System Using Enhanced 3-D Autostereoscopic Augmented Reality (2016)

Our system can effectively improve the precision and reliability of surgical guidance. It will have wider applicability in surgical planning, microscopy, and other fields.
Studies in Chemotherapy. X. Antithyroid Compounds. Synthesis of 5- and 6- Substituted 2-Thiouracils from β-Oxoesters and Thiourea<sup>1</sup> (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in Chemotherapy. X. Antithyroid Compounds. Synthesis of 5- and 6- Substituted 2-Thiouracils from β-Oxoesters and Thiourea1George W. Anderson, I. F. Halverstadt, Wilbur H. Miller, and Richard O. Roblin Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 12, 2197–2200Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01228a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01228a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views918Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IGF2 over‐expression in solitary fibrous tumours is independent of anatomical location and is related to loss of imprinting (2010)

Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm composed of CD34-positive fibroblastic cells. The pathogenesis driving this neoplasm remains unclear, with no recurrent genetic aberrations described to date. Previous reports suggest a role for IGF2 over-expression in the pathogenesis of these tumours, implicated in triggering hypoglycaemia in some patients. The expression profiling of 23 SFTs was investigated using an Affymetrix U133A platform. The transcriptional signature was compared to a set of 34 soft tissue sarcomas spanning seven subtypes. Potential candidate genes were then further investigated for activating mutations or loss of imprinting (LOI). SFT had a distinct expression signature and clustered in a tight genomic cluster, separate from all other sarcoma subtypes. A number of over-expressed receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes were identified in SFT, including DDR1, ERBB2 and FGFR1; however, no mutations were identified by cDNA sequencing. Over-expression of IGF2 was uniformly detected in SFT, regardless of anatomical location, and was related to LOI. In contrast, IGF1 and JUN over-expression was seen in pleural, but not meningeal, locations. SFT shows a distinctive expression signature, with over-expression of DDR1, ERBB2 and FGFR1. Despite of lack of activating mutations in these RTKs, therapy with specific inhibitors targeting these kinases might be considered in advanced/metastatic cases. Our results confirm LOI in several tumours expressing high levels of IGF2, which may explain the observed paraneoplastic hypoglycaemia.
Environmental Acceleration of Fatigue-Crack Growth in a High-Strength Steel (1972)

With precise control of the environmental species, water vapour, oxygen, and hydrogen are observed to increase fatigue-crack growth rate in a high-strength steel. The gas-pressure-dependence of the increase is similar for water vapour and oxygen, as the two species generally exhibit little or no change in crack growth rate at high and low pressures and an intermediate transition region of rapid increase. Although oxygen and water vapour produce individual non-additive effects, water vapour causes a 20% larger Increase In crack growth rate and is the dominant species in mixtures of these two gases. The increase is much greater with hydrogen but does not start until appreciably higher pressures are reached than with either water vapour or oxygen and there was no sign of levelling off at the highest pressure of this investigation. Calculations based on the rate of gas molecule impingement and the generation of fresh crack surfaces indicate that the rate-controlling mechanism of accelerated crack growth is adsorption for oxygen and water vapour but not for hydrogen.
Perfluorocarbon compounds used as oxygen carriers: from liquid ventilation to blood substitutes (2007)

Perfluorocarbon compounds are fluorine substituted hydrocarbons. They exhibit unique properties due to the specificity of the carbon –fluorine linkage. Among these, the high gas solubility and the low surface tension are the most interesting characteristics for their use in clinic. There are several biological fields of potential applications of perfluorocarbons. Concerning the clinical applications for perfluorocarbons, they have been used as gas carriers and for liquid ventilation. Several clinical trials for commercial pharmaceutics of perfluorcarbon based on these compounds have been also already made.
Password secured systems and negative authentication (2013)

Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2013.
HINDLIMB MUSCLE FIBER POPULATIONS OF FIVE MAMMALS (1973)

The fiber type profiles of hindlimb muscles in the Hartley guinea pig, Sprague-Dawley rat, cat, Galago senegalensis (lesser bushbaby) and Nycticebus coucang (slow loris) were estimated histochemically. Fibers were classified as fast oxidative glycolytic, fast glycolytic or slow oxidative according to their myosin adenosine triphosphatase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase activities. It was found that the soleus and vastus intermedius muscles had the highest proportion of slow oxidative fibers in all five species, demonstrating the constancy of muscle fiber profiles dependent upon anatomical position and functional utilization. The tensor fascia latae and white vastus lateralis of the guinea pig were mostly fast glycolytic, while the red vastus lateralis of the guinea pig consisted of predominantly fast oxidative glycolytic fibers. The majority of muscles investigated in these five mammals were heterogeneous, having a wide range of percentages of the three fiber types.
Reference governor for constrained nonlinear systems (1998)

This paper addresses the problem of satisfying pointwise-in-time input and/or state hard constraints in nonlinear control systems. The approach is based on conceptual tools of predictive control and consists of adding to a primal compensated nonlinear system a reference governor. This is a discrete-time device which online handles the reference to be tracked, taking into account the current value of the state in order to satisfy the prescribed constraints. The resulting hybrid system is proved to fulfil the constraints as well as stability and tracking requirements.
Regulation of the GLUT4/muscle-fat glucose transporter mRNA in adipose tissue of insulin-deficient diabetic rats. (1993)

Previous studies have documented that streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency results in a marked decrease in adipose tissue GLUT4 glucose transporter mRNA levels (Sivitz, W.I., DeSautel, S.L., Kayano, T., Bell, G.I., and Pessin, J.E. (1989) Nature 340, 72-74). In this study, nuclear run-on analysis performed on diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats demonstrated that the decrease in GLUT4 mRNA occurs via a diabetes-induced decrease in GLUT4 transcription rate. The decrease in GLUT4 mRNA levels could be prevented by treatment of the diabetic animals with the adenosine receptor agonist phenylisopropyl-adenosine (PIA). Under these conditions, PIA completely blocked the elevation of intracellular cAMP levels associated with insulin deficiency. Surprisingly, isolation of primary rat adipocytes from control animals resulted in a rapid decrease (approximately 20-fold) in GLUT4 mRNA levels by 24 h with a concomitant increase (approximately 70-fold) in GLUT1 mRNA levels. This rapid loss of GLUT4 expression did not correlate with changes in adipocyte cAMP levels and was not prevented by treatment of the cells with either insulin and/or PIA. These data demonstrate that the decrease in GLUT4 transcription induced by insulin deficiency in vivo predominantly results from an increase in intracellular cAMP levels. In contrast, although GLUT4 transcription also decreases in adipocytes when removed from their normal physiological environment, this occurs independent of changes in cAMP levels.
Solid-Liquid Equilibria Using UNIFAC (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-Liquid Equilibria Using UNIFACJürgen G. Gmehling, Thomas F. Anderson, and John M. PrausnitzCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1978, 17, 4, 269–273Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/i160068a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2057Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (480 KB) Get e-Alerts
Sequence-Specific Protection of Duplex DNA against Restriction and Methylation Enzymes by Pseudocomplementary PNAs (2000)

A new generation of PNAs, so-called pseudocomplementary PNAs (pcPNAs), which are able to target the designated sites on duplex DNA with mixed sequence of purines and pyrimidines via double-duplex invasion mode, has recently been introduced. It has been demonstrated that appropriate pairs of decameric pcPNAs block an access of RNA polymerase to the corresponding promoter. Here, we show that this type of PNAs protects selected DNA sites containing all four nucleobases from the action of restriction enzymes and DNA methyltransferases. We have found that pcPNAs as short as octamers form stable and sequence-specific complexes with duplex DNA in a very salt-dependent manner. In accord with a strand-invasion mode of complex formation, the pcPNA binding proceeds much faster with supercoiled than with linear plasmids. The double-duplex invasion complexes selectively shield specific DNA sites from BclI restriction endonuclease and dam methylase. The pcPNA-assisted protection against enzymatic methylation is more efficient when the PNA-binding site embodies the methylase-recognition site rather than overlaps it. We conclude that pcPNAs may provide the robust tools allowing to sequence-specifically manipulate DNA duplexes in a virtually sequence-unrestricted manner.
Early molecular correlates of adverse events following yellow fever vaccination (2017)

The innate immune response shapes the development of adaptive immunity following infections and vaccination. However, it can also induce symptoms such as fever and myalgia, leading to the possibility that the molecular basis of immunogenicity and reactogenicity of vaccination are inseparably linked. To test this possibility, we used the yellow fever live-attenuated vaccine (YFLAV) as a model to study the molecular correlates of reactogenicity or adverse events (AEs). We analyzed the outcome of 68 adults who completed a YFLAV clinical trial, of which 43 (63.2%) reported systemic AEs. Through whole-genome profiling of blood collected before and after YFLAV dosing, we observed that activation of innate immune genes at day 1, but not day 3 after vaccination, was directly correlated with AEs. These findings contrast with the gene expression profile at day 3 that we and others have previously shown to be correlated with immunogenicity. We conclude that although the innate immune response is a double-edged sword, its expression that induces AEs is temporally distinct from that which engenders robust immunity. The use of genomic profiling thus provides molecular insights into the biology of AEs that potentially forms a basis for the development of safer vaccines.
The Mechanism of Collagen Cross-Linking in Diabetes: A Puzzle Nearing Resolution (1996)

Considerable interest has been focused in recent years on the mechanism of collagen cross-linking by high glucose in vitro and in vivo. Experiments in both diabetic humans and in animals have shown that over time collagen becomes less soluble, less digestible by collagenase, more stable to heat-induced denaturation, and more glycated. In addition, collagen becomes more modified by advanced products of the Maillard reaction, i.e., immunoreactive advanced glycation end products and the glycoxidation markers carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine. Mechanistic studies have shown that collagen cross-linking in vitro can be uncoupled from glycation by the use of antioxidants and chelating agents. Experiments in the authors' laboratory revealed that approximately 50% of carboxymethyllysine formed in vitro originates from pathways other than oxidation of Amadori products, i.e., most likely the oxidation of Schiff base-linked glucose. In addition, the increase in thermal stability of rat tail tendons exposed to high glucose in vitro or in vivo was found to strongly depend on H2O2 formation. The final missing piece of the puzzle is that of the structure of the major cross-link. We speculate that it is a nonfluorescent nonultraviolet active cross-link between two lysine residues, which includes a fragmentation product of glucose linked in a nonreducible bond labile to both strong acids and bases.
In <i>in vitro</i> production and cloning of the P cell, a bone marrow-derived null cell that expresses H-2 and Ia-antigens, has mast cell-like granules, and is regulated by a factor released by activated T cells. (1981)

A technique, based on selective culture conditions, is described for the preparation from mouse spleen of a pure population of Ig-negative, Thy.1-negative and Lyt.1- and Lyt.2-negative nonadherent cells, termed persisting (P) cells. Antigens coded for by the H2-K, H2-D, and I regions were readily detectable on the surface of P cells. P cells grew for long periods in vitro provided that a factor produced by activated T cells, but distinct from T cell growth factor, was present. It was demonstrated that P cells were bone marrow derived. When P cells were examined in suspension, a variable number of fine cytoplasmic projections could be seen waving from the cell, often at 1 pole. The nuclei varied in shape, being round, in general, but with bilobed and irregular forms occurring, and the cytoplasm contained large numbers of characteristic metachromatic granules. P cells had readily detectable Fc receptors but did not phagocytose latex particles or antibody-coated erythrocytes. P cells formed colonies in soft agar in the presence of growth factors, and cloned lines could be propagated from these colonies. The relationship of P cells to mast cells and Ia-positive accessory cells and their possible role in T cell activation is discussed.