gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Chromatography (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface ChromatographyJ. E. Meinhard and N. F. HallCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 1, 185–188Publication Date (Print):January 17, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 January 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60025a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60025a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D Mapping for Visualization of Rigid Structures: A Review and Comparative Study (2015)

In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art developments in 3D models for small and rigid structures. This includes the pros and cons of cutting-edge range cameras used as active 3D scanners, while also considering passive image reconstruction schemes by means of the well-known structure-from-motion (SfM) algorithms. Furthermore, we discuss the issue of how data fusion algorithms can be used to optimally fuse 2D contour information onto 3D models for several different applications. Considering the benefits of 3D range sensors, we also review current trends in optimum data fusion of point clouds from 3D range sensors. We present the benefits and the limitations of each algorithm against various design considerations. To highlight the pros and cons, we also perform a comparative study of the performance of a 3D range sensor, represented by an iPad structure sensor, with respect to the well-known SfM software packages, namely, Bundler, Microsoft PhotoSynth, Agisoft PhotoScan, and Smart3DCapture. Last, we highlight several research opportunities and potential research challenges associated with each technique.
The Pressing Challenge of Our Native American Culture (1942)

Research Article| January 01 1942 The Pressing Challenge of Our Native American Culture Roger Hale Newton Roger Hale Newton Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the American Society of Architectural Historians (1942) 2 (1): 31–38. https://doi.org/10.2307/901203 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Roger Hale Newton; The Pressing Challenge of Our Native American Culture. Journal of the American Society of Architectural Historians 1 January 1942; 2 (1): 31–38. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/901203 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Development of Welding Technologies for Lightweight Vehicle (2011)

최근 산업 발전으로 인한 배기가스 배출이 지구 온난 화 및 환경 파괴의 주범으로 인식되면서 특히, 선진국 을 중심으로 자동차 산업에서의 연비개선 노력이 경쟁 적으로 이루어지고 있다. 환경 및 연비개선을 위한 방 안으로 기존 철강차체에서는 차체 경량화를 통한 연비 향상이 연구되고 있으며 한편으로는 친환경 전기자동차 의 개발에도 많은 발전이 이루어지고 있다. 자동차 차체에 있어 경량화는 전체적인 구동 저항력 을 감소시켜 동일 에너지에서도 더욱 많은 힘을 낼 수 있다. 또한 Fig. 1과 같이 자동차 중량을 10% 줄일 경 우 가속도 및 제동능력의 향상 그리고 8%의 연비향상 과 함께 배출가스가 감소되는 효과가 나타난다. 이와 같 이 경량화의 중요성과 효과가 인식되면서 경량차체 제 작을 위해 기존 철강차체에서도 알루미늄 합금(2004년 80kg/대 → 2012년 250kg/대 예상, 현대자동차) 등 비철금속과 신소재 등의 적용이 복합적으로 이루어지고 있으며, 특히 전기자동차 제작에 있어서는 100% 비철 금속으로 차체개발이 진행되고 있다. 따라서 향후 자동 차 차체를 구성하는 소재는 기존 철강재에서 알루미늄 및 마그네슘과 같이 비강도가 우수한 비철재료 그리고 플라스틱과 같은 신소재로의 많은 적용이 예상된다. 이와 같이 차체 경량화를 위한 많은 노력들이 이뤄지 고 있으며, 그 방법으로는 Fig. 2와 같이 크게 3가지 로 구분될 수 있다. 첫 번째는 설계단계에서 부품형상 이나 레이아웃 변경을 통한 차체구조의 최적화를 통한 경량화가 있으며 두 번째 방법은 기존 소재에서의 경량 -고강도 소재로의 대체를 통한 경량화 달성이다. 마지 막으로는 차체 요소부품의 제조공정 변경을 통해 경량 화를 달성하는 방법이 있으며, 이러한 방법들을 성공적 으로 적용하기 위해서는 문제해결을 통한 생산기술의 현실화가 요구된다. 따라서 본 기술 강좌에서는 각각의 경량화 적용 방법과 그에 따라 해결되어야 되는 문제점 에 대해 기술하고자 한다.
Sequence Variation within the Dominant Amino Terminus Epitope Affects Antibody Binding and Neutralization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Protein (2004)

Tat is among the required regulatory genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Tat functions both within infected cells as a transcription factor and as an extracellular factor that binds and alters bystander cells. Some functions of extracellular Tat can be neutralized by immune serum or monoclonal antibodies. In order to understand the antibody response to Tat, we are defining antibody epitopes and the effects of natural Tat sequence variation on antibody recognition. The dominant Tat epitope in macaque sera is within the first 15 amino acids of the protein amino terminus. Together with a subdominant response to amino acids 57 to 60, these two regions account for most of the macaque response to linear Tat epitopes and both regions are also sites for the binding of neutralizing antibodies. However, the dominant and subdominant epitope sequences differ among virus strains, and this natural variation can preclude antibody binding and Tat neutralization. We also examined serum samples from 31 HIV-positive individuals that contained Tat binding antibodies; 23 of the 31 sera recognized the amino terminus peptide. Similar to binding in macaques, human antibody binding to the amino terminus was affected by variations at positions 7 and 12, sequences that are distinct for clade B compared to other viral clades. Tat-neutralizing antibodies to the dominant amino terminus epitope are affected by HIV clade variation.
THE EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS OF A NONLINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATION WITH NONLINEARITIES CROSSING EIGENVALUES (1999)

We investigate multiplicity of solutions for a nonlinear perturbation of a parabolic operator under Dirichlet boundary condition, in a bounded domain.
Microchannel Heat Transfer (2011)

Microchannel Heat transfer has the very potential of wide applications in cooling high power density microchips in the CPU system, the micropower systems and even many other large scale thermal systems requiring effective cooling capacity. This is a result of the microsize of the cooling system which not only significantly reduces the weight load, but also enhances the capability to remove much greater amount of heat than any of large scale cooling systems. It has been recognized that for flow in a large scale channel, the heat transfer Nusselt number, which is defined as hD/k, is a constant in the thermally developed region where h is the convective heat transfer coefficient, k is thermal conductivity of the fluid and D is the diameter of the channel. One can expect that as the size of the channel decrease, the value of convective heat transfer coefficient, h, becomes increasing in order to maintain a constant value of the Nusselt number. As the size of the channel reduces to micron or nano size, the heat transfer coefficient can increase thousand or million times the original value. This can drastically increase the heat transfer and has generated much of the interest to study microchannel heat transfer both experimentally and theoretically. On the other hand, the lab-on-chip system has seen the rapid development of new methods of fabrication, and of the components — the microchannels that serve as pipes, and other structures that form valves, mixers and pumps — that are essential elements of microchemical ‘factories’ on a chip. Therefore, many of the microchannels are used to transport fluids for chemical or biological processing. Specially designed channel is used for mixing of different fluids or separating different species. It appears that mass or momentum transport process inside the channel is very important. In fact, the transfer process of the mass is very similar to the transfer process of the heat due to similarity of the governing equations for the mass and the heat (Incropera et al., 2007). It can be readily derived that the Nusselt number divided by the Prandtl number to the nth power is equal to the Sherdwood number (defined as the convective mass transfer coefficient times the characteristic length and divided by the diffusivity of the mass) divided by the Schmidt number (defined as the kinematic viscosity divided by the diffusivity of the mass) to the nth power. Understanding of the heat transfer can help to understand the mass transfer or even the momentum transfer inside the microchannel (Incropera et al., 2007).
Laser Etching: A Novel Technology to Label Florida Grapefruit (2009)

Laser labeling of fruit and vegetables is an alternative means of labeling produce in which a low-energy carbon dioxide laser beam etches the surface and reveals a contrasting underlying layer. These etched surfaces can promote water loss and may increase the number of entry sites for decay-promoting organisms. The long-term effects of laser labeling on produce quality during storage have not been examined. We conducted experiments to measure water loss, peel appearance, and potential decay in laser-labeled grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi ) during storage. Laser-labeled fruit stored at 10 °C and two relative humidities (i.e., 95% and 65%) for 5 weeks showed no increase in decay compared with nonetched control fruit, suggesting that laser labeling does not facilitate decay. This was confirmed by experiments where Penicillium digitatum spores were coated on fruit surfaces before and after etching. In either case, no decay was observed. In agar plates containing a lawn of P. digitatum spores, the laser etching reduced germination of spores in contact areas. Water loss from etched areas and label appearance were determined during storage. Water loss from waxed etched surfaces reached control levels after 24 h in storage. Label appearance slowly deteriorated during 4 weeks in storage and was proportional to laser energy levels and ambient relative humidity. Waxing the labeled surface reduced water loss by 35% to 94%, depending on the wax formulation used. We concluded that laser labeling provides the grapefruit industry a safe alternative to adhesive sticker labeling without enhancing decay susceptibility.
Accurate fault impedance locating algorithm (1983)

Fault resistances affect the accuracy of short-circuit location, when distance to the fault is determined by means of measuring reactance at one end of the transmission line. This is because the current which flows through the fault resistance is slightly shifted in phase with respect to the current measured at the end of the line in question, due to the effect of the prefault load current. As a result, the fault resistance is recognised as an apparent impedance with both resistive and reactive components. The latter produces an error in the fault location, as it affects the measured reactance. The paper presents a simple algorithm which compensates for the error, and makes it possible to locate short circuits accurately; even if fault resistances are comparatively high.
Antimicrobial Effect and Disappearance of Sodium Nitrite in Staphylococcus aureus Cultures (1985)

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to as little as 100 μg sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 )/mL under strictly anaerobic conditions at pH 7.3 and was more sensitive at pH 6.0. S. aureus was less sensitive to NaNO 2 in the presence of 1.0‐1.5 μg O 2 /mL. NaNO 2 disappeared during growth of S. aureus. Disappearance was greater in the system containing 1‐1.5 μg‐O 2 than in strictly anaerobic cultures at an initial pH of 7.3 or 6.0. Nitrite reductase activity was not detected in either soluble or membrane fractions of S. aureus. Interaction of NaNO 2 with secreted metabolic products, dismutation of NaNO 2 by reduced pH and adsorption of NaNO 2 to S. aureus cells were not involved in the disappearance of NaNO 2 . Nitrite, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and ammonia were not end products of NaNO 2 disappearance.
Combenefit: an interactive platform for the analysis and visualization of drug combinations (2016)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Two‐Inch‐Sized Perovskite CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbX<sub>3</sub> (X = Cl, Br, I) Crystals: Growth and Characterization (2015)

Two-inch-sized perovskite crystals, CH3 NH3 PbX3 (X=I, Br, Cl), with high crystalline quality are prepared by a solution-grown strategy. The availability of large perovskite crystals is expected to transform its broad applications in photovoltaics, optoelectronics, lasers, photodetectors, LEDs, etc., just as crystalline silicon has done in revolutionizing the modern electronics and photovoltaic industries.
Based on PLC temperature PID - fuzzy control system design and simulation (2010)

Temperature control plays a very important role in industrial control. It is one of four industrial control parameters. Based on PLC (programmable controller) on the basis of the traditional PID control and current popular intelligent control of fuzzy control combination of control plan, to realize the integral design of the control algorithm, and achieve in a large scale, a fuzzy control is used to improve the system of damping performance and reduce overshoot, But in small range, using PID control, in order to improve the response speed of the system, accelerate response process, and give a reference model to achieve simulation of system in MATLAB
ChemInform Abstract: 3H‐1,2‐Benzodithiole‐3‐one 1,1‐Dioxide as an Improved Sulfurizing Reagent in the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleoside Phosphorothioates. (1990)

Abstract Phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides are known to be resistant to degradation by nucleases, and, hence, have demonstrated their usefulness as "antisense" molecules by inhibiting gene expression in vitro.
Terpenes in Cannabis sativa – From plant genome to humans (2019)

Cannabis sativa (cannabis) produces a resin that is valued for its psychoactive and medicinal properties. Despite being the foundation of a multi-billion dollar global industry, scientific knowledge and research on cannabis is lagging behind compared to other high-value crops. This is largely due to legal restrictions that have prevented many researchers from studying cannabis, its products, and their effects in humans. Cannabis resin contains hundreds of different terpene and cannabinoid metabolites. Many of these metabolites have not been conclusively identified. Our understanding of the genomic and biosynthetic systems of these metabolites in cannabis, and the factors that affect their variability, is rudimentary. As a consequence, there is concern about lack of consistency with regard to the terpene and cannabinoid composition of different cannabis 'strains'. Likewise, claims of some of the medicinal properties attributed to cannabis metabolites would benefit from thorough scientific validation.
Tracking of frequency in a time-frequency representation (2002)

For non-stationary signals, the evolution of frequency characteristics with time may bring useful information to approach the underlying physical process. Time-frequency representations may facilitate such an interpretation. Here, we consider a representation obtained by the ARCAP method, which is adapted to narrow band signals. At the end of the analysis, at each sampling date, the signal is characterized by a set of two component vectors: a characteristic frequency and the signal power at that frequency. The problem is to track automatically these sparse points to obtain the evolution along time for each modulation. The originality of the proposed method is to track the points of the ARCAP representation thanks to a Kalman filter, based on a frequency modulation model. After a brief presentation of the theoretical methods, we show the results obtained on various signals.
Learning, Regularity, and Compression (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: 1.1 Regularity and Learning, 1.2 Regularity and Compression, 1.3 Solomonoff's Breakthrough–Kolmogorov Complexity, 1.4 Making the Idea Applicable, 1.5 Crude MDL, Refined MDL and Universal Coding, 1.6 Some Remarks on Model Selection, 1.7 The MDL Philosophy, 1.8 MDL, Occam's Razor, and the True Model, 1.9 History and Forms of MDL, 1.10 Summary and Outlook
Voltage switching of a VO2 memory metasurface using ionic gel (2014)

We demonstrate an electrolyte-based voltage tunable vanadium dioxide (VO2) memory metasurface. Large spatial scale, low voltage, non-volatile switching of terahertz (THz) metasurface resonances is achieved through voltage application using an ionic gel to drive the insulator-to-metal transition in an underlying VO2 layer. Positive and negative voltage application can selectively tune the metasurface resonance into the “off” or “on” state by pushing the VO2 into a more conductive or insulating regime respectively. Compared to graphene based control devices, the relatively long saturation time of resonance modification in VO2 based devices suggests that this voltage-induced switching originates primarily from electrochemical effects related to oxygen migration across the electrolyte–VO2 interface.
Purification and Cooperative Activity of Enzymes Constituting the Xylan-Degrading System of <i>Thermomonospora fusca</i> (1991)

The thermophilic actinomycete Thermomonospora fusca produced endoxylanase, alpha-arabinofuranosidase, beta-xylosidase, and acetyl esterase activities maximally during growth on xylan. Growth yields on glucose, xylose, or arabinose were comparable, but production of endoxylanase and beta-xylosidase was not induced on these substrates. The crude xylanase activity was thermostable and relatively resistant to end product inhibition by xylobiose and xylan hydrolysis products. Six proteins with xylanase activity were identified by zymogram analysis of isoelectric focusing gels, but only a 32-kDa protein exhibiting three isomeric forms could be purified by fast protein liquid chromatography. Endoglucanases were also identified in carboxymethylcellulose-grown cultures, and their distinction from endoxylanases was confirmed. alpha-Arabinofuranosidase activity was due to a single dimeric protein of 92 kDa, which was particularly resistant to end product inhibition by arabinose. Three bands of acetyl esterase activity were detected by zymogram analysis, and there was evidence that these mainly consisted of an intracellular 80-kDa protein secreted to yield active 40-kDa subunits in the culture supernatant. The acetyl esterases were found to be responsible for acetyl xylan esterase activity in T. fusca, in contrast to the distinction proposed in some other systems. The addition of purified betaxylosidase to endoxylanase increased the hydrolysis of xylan, probably by relieving end product inhibition. The enhanced saccharification of wheat straw caused by the addition of purified alpha-arabinofuranosidase to T. fusca endoxylanase suggested a truly synergistic relationship, in agreement with proposals that arabinose side groups on the xylan chain participate in cross-linking within the plant cell wall structure.
Synthesis and properties of dimeric cobalt(III) dithiocarbamate complexes [Co2(R2dtc)5]+: X-ray structural analysis of pentakis(diethyldithiocarbamato)dicobalt(III) tetrafluoroborate (1975)

The synthesis, properties, and structures of cationic dimeric dithiocarbamato-complexes (dtc) of cobalt(III) are described. The complexes [Co2(R2dtc)5]BF4 were prepared by reaction of [Co(R2dtc)3] with boron trifluoride. The crystal structure of [Co2(Et2dtc)5]BF4 was determined from three-dimensional counter data. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121, with a= 14.301(5), b= 16.819(3). c= 18.048(4)Å, and Z= 4. The structure was solved by conventional Patterson and Fourier techniques and refined by block-diagonal least-squares to R 0.092 for 1 141 independent reflections. The green-brown diamagnetic [Co2(R2dtc)5]+ species is comprised of an electrophilic [Co(R2dtc)2]+ fragment co-ordinated in the cis-positions by sulphur atoms from an octahedral [Co(R2dtc)3] molecule of opposite chirality. The lability of the bridging groups renders the dimer susceptible to attack by other nucleophiles and representative mixed chelates of the type [Co(R2dtc)2(chel)] have been synthesised (chel = xanthate, dithiocarbamate, acetyl-, and dithioacetyl-acetonate).
Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, Volume 4 (2006)

This volume chronicles the proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion held in Philadelphia, PA, June 2004. The world of wettability is very wide and it plays a crucial role in many and varied technological areas ranging from microfluidics to biomedical to agriculture to welding. This volume contains a
Fully Automated Determination of Cannabinoids in Hair Samples using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (2002)

This paper describes a fully automated procedure using alkaline hydrolysis and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by on-fiber derivatization and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) detection of cannabinoids in human hair samples. Ten milligrams of hair was washed with deionized water, petroleum ether, and dichloromethane. After the addition of deuterated internal standards the sample was hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide and directly submitted to HS-SPME. After absorption of analytes for an on-fiber derivatization procedure the fiber was directly placed into the headspace of a second vial containing N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) before GC-MS analysis. The limit of detection was 0.05 ng/mg for delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 0.08 ng/mg for cannabidiol (CBD), and 0.14 ng/mg for cannabinol (CBN). Absolute recoveries were in the range between 0.3 and 7.5%. Linearity was proved over a range from 0.1 to 20 ng/mg with coefficients of correlation from 0.998 to 0.999. Validation of the whole procedure revealed excellent results. In comparison with conventional methods of hair analysis this automated HS-SPME-GC-MS procedure is substantially faster. It is easy to perform without use of solvents and with minimal sample quantities, but with the same degree of sensitivity and reproducibility. The applicability was demonstrated by the analysis of 25 hair samples from several forensic cases. The following concentration ranges were determined: THC 0.29-2.20 (mean 1.7) ng/mg, CBN 0.55-4.54 (mean 1.2) ng/mg, and CBD 0.53-18.36 (mean 1.3) ng/mg. 11-nor-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid could not be detected with this method.