gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Biological Equivalence of Two Methods for Isolating Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells for Fabricating Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts (2014)

Our approach for fabricating tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVG), applied in the surgical management of congenital heart disease, is accomplished by seeding isolated bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) onto biodegradable scaffolds. The current method used for isolation of BM-MNCs is density centrifugation in Ficoll. This is a time-consuming, labor-intensive, and operator-dependent method. We previously demonstrated that a simpler, faster, and operator-independent method for isolating BM-MNCs using a filter elution technique was feasible. In this study, we compare the use of each technique to determine if the BM-MNCs isolated by the filtration elution method are biologically equivalent to BM-MNCs isolated using density centrifugation. Scaffolds were constructed from a nonwoven poly(glycolic acid) fiber mesh coated with 50:50 poly(l-lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone) sealant. BM-MNCs were isolated from the bone marrow of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice by either density centrifugation with Ficoll or filtration (Ficoll vs. Filter), then statically seeded onto scaffolds, and incubated overnight. The TEVG were implanted in 10-week-old C57BL/6 mice (n=23 for each group) as inferior vena cava interposition grafts and explanted at 14 days for analysis. At 14 days after implantation, there were no significant differences in graft patency between groups (Ficoll: 87% vs. Filter: 78%, p=0.45). Morphometric analysis by hematoxylin and eosin staining showed no difference of graft luminal diameter or neointimal thickness between groups (luminal diameter, Ficoll: 620.3±82.9 μm vs. Filter: 633.3±131.0 μm, p=0.72; neointimal thickness, Ficoll: 37.9±7.8 μm vs. Filter: 37.9±11.2 μm, p=0.99). Histologic examination demonstrated similar degrees of cellular infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition, and endothelial cell coverage on the luminal surface, in either group. Macrophage infiltration showed no difference in the number of F4/80-positive cells or macrophage phenotypes between the two experimental groups (Ficoll: 2041±1048 cells/mm(2) vs. Filter: 1887±907.7 cells/mm(2), p=0.18). We confirmed the biological equivalence of BM-MNCs, isolated using either density centrifugation or filtration, for making TEVG.
Entropy-based sensor selection heuristic for target localization (2004)

We propose an entropy-based sensor selection heuristic for localization. Given 1) a prior probability distribution of the target location, and 2) the locations and the sensing models of a set of candidate sensors for selection, the heuristic selects an informative sensor such that the fusion of the selected sensor observation with the prior target location distribution would yield on average the greatest or nearly the greatest reduction in the entropy of the target location distribution. The heuristic greedily selects one sensor in each step without retrieving any actual sensor observations. The heuristic is also computationally much simpler than the mutual-information-based approaches. The effectiveness of the heuristic is evaluated using localization simulations in which Gaussian sensing models are assumed for simplicity. The heuristic is more effective when the optimal candidate sensor is more informative.
NITRIC OXIDE DONORS INCREASE CYTOSOLIC IONIZED CALCIUM IN CULTURED HUMAN INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS (1996)

We used fluorescence spectrophotometry, digital-imaging fluorescence microscopy, and the fluorescent dye, Fura-2, to measure the effects of several different nitric oxide (NO.) donors on intracellular levels of ionized calcium ([Ca2+]i) in cultured Caco-2BBe cells, a human enterocytic cell line. Incubation of Caco-2BBe cells with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or isosorbide dinitrate for 2 h significantly increased [Ca2+]i. The effects of both agents were concentration dependent. The lowest concentrations of SNP or isosorbide dinitrate capable of increasing [Ca2+]i were .625 mM and 10 mM, respectively. Chelation of extracellular Ca2+ with 2 mM EGTA abrogated the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by SNP. In contrast, blockade of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels with 2 mM NiCl2 or 200 microM verapamil failed to affect SNP-induced alterations in [Ca2+]i. Using NBD-phallicidin to stain polymerized (F)-actin, we found that incubation of Caco-2BBe cells with SNP results in actin polymerization, particularly in the periphery of cells. We conclude that NO. increases [Ca2+]i and promotes actin polymerization in a cultured enterocytic cell line.
The Smell of Age: Perception and Discrimination of Body Odors of Different Ages (2012)

Our natural body odor goes through several stages of age-dependent changes in chemical composition as we grow older. Similar changes have been reported for several animal species and are thought to facilitate age discrimination of an individual based on body odors, alone. We sought to determine whether humans are able to discriminate between body odor of humans of different ages. Body odors were sampled from three distinct age groups: Young (20-30 years old), Middle-age (45-55), and Old-age (75-95) individuals. Perceptual ratings and age discrimination performance were assessed in 41 young participants. There were significant differences in ratings of both intensity and pleasantness, where body odors from the Old-age group were rated as less intense and less unpleasant than body odors originating from Young and Middle-age donors. Participants were able to discriminate between age categories, with body odor from Old-age donors mediating the effect also after removing variance explained by intensity differences. Similarly, participants were able to correctly assign age labels to body odors originating from Old-age donors but not to body odors originating from other age groups. This experiment suggests that, akin to other animals, humans are able to discriminate age based on body odor alone and that this effect is mediated mainly by body odors emitted by individuals of old age.
Low ATM protein expression and depletion of p53 correlates with olaparib sensitivity in gastric cancer cell lines (2014)

Small-molecule inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have shown considerable promise in the treatment of homologous recombination (HR)-defective tumors, such as BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient breast and ovarian cancers. We previously reported that mantle cell lymphoma cells with deficiency in ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) are sensitive to PARP-1 inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report that PARP inhibitors can potentially target ATM deficiency arising in a solid malignancy. We show that ATM protein expression varies between gastric cancer cell lines, with NUGC4 having significantly reduced protein levels. Significant correlation was found between ATM protein expression and sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor olaparib, with NUGC4 being the most sensitive. Moreover, reducing ATM kinase activity using a small-molecule inhibitor (KU55933) or shRNA-mediated depletion of ATM protein enhanced olaparib sensitivity in gastric cancer cell lines with depletion or inactivation of p53. Our results demonstrate that ATM is a potential predictive biomarker for PARP-1 inhibitor activity in gastric cancer harboring disruption of p53, and that combined inhibition of ATM and PARP-1 is a rational strategy for expanding the utility of PARP-1 inhibitors to gastric cancer with p53 disruption.
3D-integration of silicon devices: A key technology for sophisticated products (2010)

3D integration is a key solution to the predicted performance increase of future electronic systems. It offers extreme miniaturization and fabrication of More than Moore products. This can be accomplished by the combination of Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) technologies for shortened electrical signal lines and Solid Liquid Interdiffusion (SLID) for highly reliable assembly. Depending on the chosen technology concept, TSVs are filled with either tungsten or copper metal. Thinning of silicon as part of the process flow enables devices as thin as 30 ¿m, so multilayer stacking will result in ultra-thin systems. All these 3D integration concepts focus on wafer level processing to achieve the highest miniaturization degree and highest processing reliability as well as enabling high volume cost-effective fabrication.
Global Asset Liability Management (2003)

ABSTRACT Dynamic financial analysis (DFA) is a technique which uses Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the evolution over time of financial models of funds, complex liabilities and entire firms. Although of increasing popularity, the drawback of DFA is the dearth of systematic methods for optimising model parameters for strategic financial planning. This paper introduces strategic DFA which employs the only recently mature technology of dynamic stochastic optimisation to fill this gap. The new approach is described in terms of an illustrative case study of a joint university/industry project to create a decision support system for strategic asset liability management involving global asset classes and defined contribution pension plans. Although the application of the system described in the paper is to fund design and risk management, the approach and techniques described here are much more broadly applicable to strategic financial planning problems; for example, to insurance and reinsurance firms, to risk capital allocation in financial institutions and trading firms and to corporate investment and business development involving real options. As well as describing the mathematical and statistical models used in the case study, the paper treats econometric estimation, asset return and liability scenario generation, model specification and optimisation, system evaluation and historical backtesting. Throughout the system visualisation plays an important role.
P0580 USE OF A STANDARDIZED PROTOCOL BASED ON LOCAL DIET RESULTS IN SATISFACTORY RATES OF WEIGHT GAIN OF SEVERELY MALNOURISHED CHILDREN UNDERGOING NUTRITIONAL REHABILITATION (2004)

Introduction: Good catch-up growth of severely malnourished children requires feeding with diets that are nutritious, inexpensive and culturally acceptable. A standardized diet protocol based on such diets has been developed for improving catch-up growth during nutritional rehabilitation. Methods: Severely malnourished children with diarrhea and other acute illnesses are managed according to a treatment protocol similar to the WHO guidelines. After the acute phase of management is complete, children aged 6 months-5 years undergo nutritional rehabilitation (NR) with the diet protocol based on khichuri, halwa, and a milk-cereal diet is used. Khichuri (1.2 kcal/g) is a local diet prepared from rice, lentils, vegetables and soybean oil while halwa is a more energy-dense (2 kcal/g) diet prepared from wheat flour, lentils, soybean oil and molasses. The amount of milk-cereal diet is gradually tapered down such that the children are mostly on khichuri and halwa at the time of discharge. The children are also supplemented with micronutrients. Results: Since June 1996, 1576 severely malnourished children having a median age of 13 months were managed in the NRU according to the standardized diet protocol. Children with tuberculosis, chromosomal anomalies or cerebral palsy were not included in this analysis. The children came from families having a low socioeconomic status as evident from a median monthly income of 43 US dollars and absence of formal maternal education. The median weight-for-height (WH) and weight-for-age (WA) were 74% and 49% respectively and 551 children (35%) had bipedal edema on admission. The median period of stay in the NRU was 12 days. Discharge WH and WA were 81% and 54% respectively. The median rate of weight gain was 10.1 g/kg/day with an interquartile range of 6.9–14.4 g/kg/day. Conclusion: Use of local diets results in satisfactory catch-up growth of severely malnourished children.
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 10q is associated with earlier onset sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma (2002)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 10q is a frequent event in a number of tumour types including colorectal cancers. Because previous studies have used markers located mainly distally on chromosome 10, we have examined 114 sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas for LOH using a panel of 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning the long arm of chromosome 10. Using microdissected tumour material, LOH of one or more chromosome 10q markers was a frequent event (75 of 114; 66%). The highest frequency of loss (42 of 96; 44%) was observed at the marker D10S1790 located at 10q21.1. The mean age of presentation, of patients with LOH of D10S1790 was significantly ( p = 0.0006) lower (67.1 years) compared to patients with retention of this marker (73.5 years). When we compared frequency of loss at this marker in patients presenting before 70 years of age (68%) to those above 70 years (23%) we observed a significant difference ( p < 0.0001). Statistical analysis between loss, or instability at other markers and clinicopathological features did not show any significant associations. In addition LOH at D10S1790 was infrequent in adenomas (2 of 20; 10%) compared to adenocarcinomas (42 of 96; 44%) ( p = 0.0047), suggesting that loss within this region is a late event in colorectal tumorigenesis. The association of loss at D10S1790 and an earlier age of presentation in adenocarcinomas suggests that this locus may harbor a tumour suppressor gene(s), which affects the rate of colorectal tumour progression. Identification of this region of genetic loss further refines our understanding of the paradigm in this tumour type of multiple‐steps responsible for initiation and progression. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coordinating the Initial Steps of Base Excision Repair (2008)

DNA glycosylases initiate base excision repair by removing damaged or mismatched bases, producing apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) DNA. For many glycosylases, the AP-DNA remains tightly bound, impeding enzymatic turnover. A prominent example is thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), which removes T from G.T mispairs and recognizes other lesions, with specificity for damage at CpG dinucleotides. TDG turnover is very slow; its activity appears to reach a plateau as the [product]/[enzyme] ratio approaches unity. The follow-on base excision repair enzyme, AP endonuclease 1 (APE1), stimulates the turnover of TDG and other glycosylases, involving a mechanism that remains largely unknown. We examined the catalytic activity of human TDG (hTDG), alone and with human APE1 (hAPE1), using pre-steady-state kinetics and a coupled-enzyme (hTDG-hAPE1) fluorescence assay. hTDG turnover is exceedingly slow for G.T (k(cat)=0.00034 min(-1)) and G.U (k(cat)=0.005 min(-1)) substrates, much slower than k(max) from single turnover experiments, confirming that AP-DNA release is rate-limiting. We find unexpectedly large differences in k(cat) for G.T, G.U, and G.FU substrates, indicating the excised base remains trapped in the product complex by AP-DNA. hAPE1 increases hTDG turnover by 42- and 26-fold for G.T and G.U substrates, the first quantitative measure of the effect of hAPE1. hAPE1 stimulates hTDG by disrupting the product complex rather than merely depleting (endonucleolytically) the AP-DNA. The enhancement is greater for hTDG catalytic core (residues 111-308 of 410), indicating the N- and C-terminal domains are dispensable for stimulatory interactions with hAPE1. Potential mechanisms for hAPE1 disruption of the of hTDG product complex are discussed.
HYPERSHELL: a practical hypervisor layer guest OS shell for automated in-VM management (2014)

To direct the operation of a computer, we often use a shell, a user interface that provides accesses to the OS kernel services. Traditionally, shells are designed atop an OS kernel. In this paper, we show that a shell can also be designed below an OS. More specifically, we present HYPERSHELL, a practical hypervisor layer guest OS shell that has all of the functionality of a traditional shell, but offers better automation, uniformity and centralized management. This will be particularly useful for cloud and data center providers to manage the running VMs in a large scale. To overcome the semantic gap challenge, we introduce a reverse system call abstraction, and we show that this abstraction can significantly relieve the painful process of developing software below an OS. More importantly, we also show that this abstraction can be implemented transparently. As such, many of the legacy guest OS management utilities can be directly reused in HYPERSHELL without any modification. Our evaluation with over one hundred management utilities demonstrates that HYPERSHELL has 2.73X slowdown on average compared to their native in-VM execution, and has less than 5% overhead to the guest OS kernel.
Design and characterization of compact single-section passive polarization rotator (2001)

In this paper an improved design for a short and low-loss polarization rotator is proposed, consisting of a single-section asymmetrical waveguide butt-coupled between two standard rib waveguides. At a wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m, nearly 100% polarization conversion ratio is obtained, with a relatively short (320 /spl mu/m) device length and an extremely low 0.5 dB total insertion loss. The simulation results are obtained using the full vectorial finite-element-based beam propagation, the junction analysis, and the modal solution approaches.
A digital approach to clock recovery in generalized minimum shift keying (1990)

A method for clock recovery to be used with generalized minimum-shift-keying (MSK) modulations is presented. Attractive features of the method are that it is suited for digital implementation and that its performance is not affected by the carrier-phase recovery process. Clock reference is extracted by passing the sampled baseband waveform through the cascade of a nonlinearity, followed by a digital differentiator whose average output represents the error signal to be employed in a tracking loop. The performance of this scheme is analyzed by means of simulation in steady-state and in transient conditions. Tracking errors are compared with those attained by the well-known De Buda synchronizer and with the Cramer-Rao lower bound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ECONOMICS OF PRODUCING SHALE OIL: THE NUCLEAR IN SITU RETORTING METHOD. (1966)

Accumulation of experimental data on the nuclear in-situ retorting technique both from the standpoint of fragmentation of the shale with nuclear explosives, and the subsequent retorting, has progressed to the point where preliminary assessments are warranted on the concept and design of a commercial scale plant, and those factors which influence in a major way the cost of producing shale oil by this method. Because of slow retorting rates and high initial rock temperatures, recovery of at least 75% of the in-place oil is considered likely in such a plant. The economic utilization of this technique in the lower grade shales would greatly increase the potential scope of its application. Essentially the entire Piceance Creek basin of western Colorado, containing 1 trillion bbl of shale oil, appears to be economically amenable to its use, and the possibilities of commercial application of oil shale deposits in Utah and Wyoming are enhanced.
In vivo and in vitro studies establishing haptoglobin as a major susceptibility gene for diabetic vascular disease (2005)

Hemoglobin (Hb) released during hemolysis is a potent oxidant. Extracorpuscular Hb may enter the vessel wall and mediate low-density lipoprotein oxidation, thereby promoting the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Haptoglobin (Hp) is an antioxidant protein as a result of its ability to bind Hb and block Hb-induced oxidative damage. Hp also facilitates the removal of Hb from the extravascular compartment via the CD163 macrophage scavenger receptor. In man, there are two common alleles for Hp denoted 1 and 2, and correspondingly, three different possible genotypes: Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2. We have recently demonstrated in several longitudinal studies that Hp genotype is an independent risk factor for diabetic vascular complications. Specifically, we have shown that diabetic individuals with Hp2-2 are more likely to develop nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease as compared with those with Hp2-1 or Hp1-1. Mechanistically, we have found significant Hp type differences in the antioxidant and CD163-mediated scavenging and activation functions of the different Hp protein types. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that these functions are modified in the diabetic state. In this review, we focus on the clinical studies associating the Hp polymorphism and diabetic vascular complications, and the molecular basis behind this interaction.
Seamless SIP-based VoIP in disparate wireless systems and networks (2004)

In the emerging data networks, session initiation protocol (SIP)-based voice over IP (VoIP) is gaining wide-scale acceptance as a means of transporting voice over the packet data networks. With the emergence of interoperability between various third-generation (3G) cellular technologies such as 1xEV, 1xEV-DO, 1xEV-DV, and the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) on one hand and wireless LAN (WLAN) technologies such as 802.11a/b/g, HiperLAN/2, and Bluetooth <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> on the other, multimedia applications would have to interoperate seamlessly among several air interfaces. Mobile IP, a layer 3 protocol, maintains the data session across heterogeneous air interfaces but does not guarantee minimal or no packet loss when handing over a mobile node from one air interface to another. This paper first discusses a network architecture that supports seamless interoperability between 3G and WLAN and proposes autonomous layer 2 enhancements at the client side to support SIP-based multimedia applications in general and voice applications in particular. Finally, it discusses some other network issues that pose a challenge to providing VoIP in commercial networks in general, such as using SIP with network address translation (NAT) over mobile IP, and it specifically addresses the problem of performing VoIP in CDMA2000 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> 1XRTT.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE CYBER DIMENSION IN HYBRID OPERATIONS (2019)

The accelerated technological advances in the field of communications and information systems have produced profound changes in society. Over time, these changes have become prerequisites for good functioning. Moving the area of interest into the virtual space generated by cyber infrastructures represented a migration of threats. Thus, the possibility of remote control of cyber infrastructures, both in peacetime and in conflict, has generated a new type of infrastructure for the national defense system -the critical military cyber infrastructure. Significant contributions are made to the proactive management of critical infrastructures by developing a multi-level architecture model of active cyber defense in the context of hybrid threats.
A Smart Kitchen Infrastructure (2012)

In the future our homes will be more and more equipped with sensing and interaction devices that will make new multimedia experiences possible. These experiences will not necessarily be bound to the TV, tabletop, smart phone, tablet or desktop computer but will be embedded in our everyday surroundings. In order to enable new forms of interaction, we equipped an ordinary kitchen with a large variety of sensors according to best practices. An innovation in comparison to related work is our Information Acquisition System that allows monitoring and controlling kitchen appliances remotely. This paper presents our sensing infrastructure and novel interactions in the kitchen that are enabled by the Information Acquisition System.