gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Up-Regulation of ninjurin Expression in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Cirrhosis and Chronic Viral Hepatitis (2001)

The cDNA clones, which were highly expressed in liver tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, were identified using dot hybridization and reconfirmed by Northern blot analysis. One of the clones, ninjurin (nerve injury induced protein), showed a much higher expression level in the liver tissue of HCC patients than in normal liver tissue. Interestingly, the presence of ninjurin mRNA transcripts was detected with high intensity in HCC tissues when combined with viral infection and cirrhosis, but not with a normal liver or HCC tissue unrelated with viral infection and cirrhosis. We produced a N-terminal part of recombinant ninjurin protein, as well as a monoclonal antibody specific to this polypeptide. The intensity of immunohistochemical staining of the liver tumor tissue, and regenerating tissue for the ninjurin protein, was stronger than that of normal liver tissue. These results suggest that ninjurin may play an important role in the development of HCC combined with cirrhosis and viral infection.
The role of TGF-beta-1 protein and TGF-beta-R-1 receptor in immune escape mechanism in bladder cancer. (2007)

This work helps researchers and clinicians to better understand one of the escape mechanisms in bladder cancer that may facilitate the reverse of tumor escape from the immune system. It also draws attention to TGF-beta-1 protein and TGF-beta-R1 receptor; TGF-beta-1 protein can be used as an attractive target for anticancer therapy, and the absence of TGF-beta-R1 can be considered a marker for malignant transformation of urothelial cells in bladder cancer.
Identification and localization of polycystin, the PKD1 gene product. (1996)

Polycystin, the product of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) 1 gene (PKD1) is the cardinal member of a novel class of proteins. As a first step towards elucidating the function of polycystin and the pathogenesis of ADPKD, three types of information were collected in the current study: the subcellular localization of polycystin, the spatial and temporal distribution of the protein within normal tissues and the effects of ADPKD mutations on the pattern of expression in affected tissues. Antisera directed against a synthetic peptide and two recombinant proteins of different domains of polycystin revealed the presence of an approximately 400-kD protein (polycystin) in the membrane fractions of normal fetal, adult, and ADPKD kidneys. Immunohistological studies localized polycystin to renal tubular epithelia, hepatic bile ductules, and pancreatic ducts, all sites of cystic changes in ADPKD, as well as in tissues such as skin that are not known to be affected in ADPKD. By electron microscopy, polycystin was predominantly associated with plasma membranes. Polycystin was significantly less abundant in adult than in fetal epithelia. In contrast, polycystin was overexpressed in most, but not all, cysts in ADPKD kidneys.
DroidChecker (2012)

While Apple has checked every app available on the App Store, Google takes another approach that allows anyone to publish apps on the Android Market. The openness of the Android Market attracts both benign and malicious developers. The security of the Android platform relies mainly on sandboxing applications and restricting their capabilities such that no application, by default, can perform any operations that would adversely impact other applications, the operating system, or the user. However, a recent research reported that a genuine but vulnerable application may leak its capabilities to other applications. When being leveraged, other applications can gain extra capabilities which they are not granted originally. We present DroidChecker, an Android application analyzing tool which searches for the aforementioned vulnerability in Android applications. DroidChecker uses interprocedural control flow graph searching and static taint checking to detect exploitable data paths in an Android application. We analyzed more than 1100 Android applications using DroidChecker and found 6 previously unknown vulnerable applications including the re-nowned Adobe Photoshop Express application. We have also developed a malicious application that exploits the previously unknown vulnerability found in the Adobe Photoshop Express application. We show that the malicious application, which is not granted any permissions, can access contacts on the phone with just a few lines of code.
What is a co-crystal? (2007)

The term “co-crystal” is failing as a clear and consistent scientific descriptor. If it is to be retained, it should be used only as a synonym for “multi-component molecular crystal”.
The use of active iodine as a water disinfectant. (1958)

The chemistry of the formation of various species of titrable iodine in solutions of elemental iodine and iodide are described in a quantitative manner. The relative cysticidal efficiencies of various species of titrable iodine and the effect of temperature on cysticidal efficiency of I 2 are described, and equations are given for computing the cysticidal residual I 2 with a given contact time, and vice versa, at varying temperatures, as well as that for computing the cysticidal residual iodine in I 2 -I-3 systems. The relative viricidal (against Coxsackie B2 virus) efficiencies of various species of titrable iodine and the effect of temperature on viricidal efficiency of I 2 are described, and the employment of the equations used in computing the cysticidal residual iodine for I 2 and I 2 I- 3 combination, with or without modification, are given. Because of the incompleteness of the data other than those on I 2 at 25deg;, values obtained in various computations are presented with reservation but are considered as relatively safe for use in practice. The use of preparations of iodine for water disinfection in practice is discussed.
Rolling cylinder on a horizontal plane (2001)

A cylinder on a horizontal plane, acted upon by a constant horizontal force, provides a variety of physical situations, which are helpful for understanding the behaviour and the role of friction in systems of particles. In our study, we consider rolling with and without slipping and establish the conditions for the frictional force to have the direction of the centre-of-mass velocity, contrary to the common idea that this force is always opposite to motion. In general, rolling without slipping requires static friction. However, under some conditions, rolling without slipping may take place even in the absence of a static frictional force. On the other hand, if the applied force and the kinetic frictional force fulfil certain relations, a pure translation of the cylinder may occur. The work done by friction is also discussed.
A new anisotropic conductive film with arrayed conductive particles (1996)

A new anisotropic conductive film (ACF) incorporating arrayed metal conductors in an adhesive polymer film is proposed. A photoresist pattern with a number of round holes arrayed in triangular arrangement is formed on a stainless steel substrate. The holes are then electroplated to form metal bumps, using the substrate as a cathode. After removal of the photoresist, the substrate is laminated with a solid adhesive film. Finally, the ACF of arrayed metal bumps is obtained when the adhesive film is peeled off and the metal bumps are transferred from the substrate to the adhesive film. The superior interconnection properties of the proposed ACF, compared with conventional ACFs that rely on randomly distributed conductive particles, are attributed to the arrayed, uniformly sized particles in the adhesive film.
Assembly of Triple-Stranded β-Sheet Peptides at Interfaces (2002)

A 30-residue peptide, BS30, which incorporates two proline residues to induce reverse turns, was designed to form a triple-stranded beta-sheet monolayer at the air-water interface. To discern the structural role of proline, a second peptide, BS30G, identical to BS30 but with glycine residues replacing proline, was prepared and examined in parallel fashion. Surface pressure-molecular area isotherms indicated a limiting area per molecule (ca. 460 A(2)) for BS30 that corresponds well to that estimated from the known dimensions of crystalline beta-sheet monolayers (492 A(2)). Comparable measurements on BS30G yielded a smaller molecular area (380 A(2)). Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements performed on the BS30 monolayer at nominal area per molecule of 500 A(2), exhibited two Bragg peaks corresponding to 4.79 and 34.9 A spacings, consistent with formation of triple-stranded beta-sheet structures that assemble into two-dimensional crystallites at the air-water interface. Visualized by Brewster angle microscopy, BS30 monolayers displayed uniform, solidlike domains, whereas BS30G appeared to be disordered.
Research on Object Recognition of Intelligent Robot Base on Binocular Vision (2011)

For intelligent robots need reliable object recognition and precise orientation in complex environments, this paper presents a method that use binocular vision to object recognition. In this paper, use least-squares fitting method to accurately determine coordinates of one matching point and four boundary points. calculate the three-dimension coordinate of the mathcing point via binocular vision theory, compute the three-dimension information include the size and height of the object via projection theory and restrictive relation between four boundary points and depth of mathcing point, which improve the reliability of object recognition and precise of orientation. The results of experiment show that this method can get reliable object recognition and precise orientation, meet the needs of robot path planning and grab objects with gripper.
The Dynamics of Agricultural Policy and Reform in Zambia (1993)

The Dynamics of Agricultural Policy and Reform in Zambia Get access The Dynamics of Agricultural Policy and Reform in Zambia, edited by Adrian P. Wood, Stuart A. Kean, John T. Milimo and Dennis M. Warren. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1990. 728 pp. $54.94 hardcover. ISBN 0 8138 0034. The State and Agrarian Change in Zimbabwe's Communal Areas, by Michael Drinkwater. Macmillan, Basingstoke, 1991. £55.00 hardcover. ISBN 0 333 53185X ALLAN LOW ALLAN LOW University of Bradford, Development and Project Planning Centre Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 92, Issue 366, January 1993, Pages 150–151, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098596 Published: 01 January 1993
Direct Synthesis of 1,3-Diketones by Rh-Catalyzed Reductive α-Acylation of Enones (2008)

1,3-Diketones were synthesized from alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones by treatment with acid chlorides and Et(2)Zn in the presence of RhCl(PPh(3))3. This is a very simple and extremely chemoselective reaction to give the adduct at the alpha-position of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones.
<title>Effects of benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid on balloon-injured arteries in a swine model of restenosis</title> (1996)

We evaluated benzoporphyrin derivative verteporfin (BPD) photodynamic therapy (PDT) and dark effect on the intima (I) and media (M) hyperplasia (H) response of swine iliac arteries to balloon dilatation (Bdil) injury. Four month old Yucatan swine received bdil at 8 ATM pressure to all four iliac arteries. Pigs were randomly assigned to groups. PDT was performed with intraluminal 690 nm, cw laser (200 milliwatts and 30 joules per cm<SUP>2</SUP> tissue). Six weeks later, sites were pressure fixed, and excised at autopsy. Sections from each site were evaluated for I and M thickness, injury score (1 equals normal, 4 equals worst), and smooth muscle cell (SMC) intensity and distribution. Groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Means for each parameter were determined, and group means used for statistical analysis. Conclusions: (1) Bdil produced IH and MH. (2) PDT enhanced IH. (3) 2 mg/kg BPD reduced MH and produced a favorable trend in IH and injury. (4) No differences in SMC intensity and distribution were present.
SystemDS: A Declarative Machine Learning System for the End-to-End Data Science Lifecycle (2019)

Machine learning (ML) applications become increasingly common in many domains. ML systems to execute these workloads include numerical computing frameworks and libraries, ML algorithm libraries, and specialized systems for deep neural networks and distributed ML. These systems focus primarily on efficient model training and scoring. However, the data science process is exploratory, and deals with underspecified objectives and a wide variety of heterogeneous data sources. Therefore, additional tools are employed for data engineering and debugging, which requires boundary crossing, unnecessary manual effort, and lacks optimization across the lifecycle. In this paper, we introduce SystemDS, an open source ML system for the end-to-end data science lifecycle from data integration, cleaning, and preparation, over local, distributed, and federated ML model training, to debugging and serving. To this end, we aim to provide a stack of declarative language abstractions for the different lifecycle tasks, and users with different expertise. We describe the overall system architecture, explain major design decisions (motivated by lessons learned from Apache SystemML), and discuss key features and research directions. Finally, we provide preliminary results that show the potential of end-to-end lifecycle optimization.
Foams as Blocking Agents in Porous Media (1970)

Abstract Although foam usually will flow in porous media, under certain controllable conditions it can also be used to block the flow of gas, both in unconsolidated sand packs and in sandstones. After steady gas or foam flow has been established at a certain injection pressure pi, the pressure is decreased until flow pressure pi, the pressure is decreased until flow ceases at a certain blocking pressure pb. When flow is then reestablished at a second, higher pi, blocking can again occur at another pb that will usually be greater than the first pi. The relationship between pi and Pb depends on the type of porous medium and the foamer solution saturation in the porous medium. A process is suggested whereby porous medium. A process is suggested whereby this phenomenon might be used to impede or block leakage in natural gas storage projects. Introduction The practice of storing natural gas in underground porous rocks has developed rapidly, and it now is porous rocks has developed rapidly, and it now is the major way of meeting peak demands in urban areas of the U. S. Many of these storage projects have been plagued with gas leakage problems that have, in some cases, presented safety hazards and resulted in sizeable economic losses. Usually these leaks are due to such natural factors as faults and fractures, or to such engineering factors as poor cement jobs and wells that were improperly abandoned. For the latter, various remedies such as spot cementing have been tried but not always with great success. In recent years several research groups have been studying the flow properties of aqueous foams and their application to various petroleum engineering problems. Most of this work has been done under problems. Most of this work has been done under experimental conditions such that the foam would flow in either tubes or porous media. However, under some extreme or unusual experimental conditions, flow in porous media becomes very difficult or even impossible. This factor also has suggested m us as well as to others that foam can be used as a gas flow impeder or as a sealant for leaks in gas storage reservoirs. In such a process, the natural ability of porous media to process, the natural ability of porous media to generate foam would be utilized by injecting a slug of foamer solution and following this with gas to form the foam in situ. This paper presents preliminary results of a sandy on the blockage of gas flow by foam in porous media. It also describes how this approach might be applied to a field process for sealing leaks in natural gas storage reservoirs. Throughout this report, we use the term "foam" to describe any dispersed gas-liquid system in which the liquid is the continuous phase, and the gas is the discontinuous phase.
Aqueous‐enzymatic extraction of plum kernel oil (1997)

Abstract An aqueous‐enzymatic extraction process of plum kernel oil was investigated on a laboratory scale, varying several processing parameters, with main emphasis on the oil yield. Efficient recovery of oil was related to three operations: pretreatment, enzymatic reaction and separation of oil. Maximum oil yield of about 70% (estimated by the Soxhlet method) was obtained at an enzyme concentration of 0.5%, extraction temperature of 45°C, pH 4.5, treatment time of 1 h and dilution ratio of 1:4. The aqueous‐enzymatic extraction did not have any determining effect on the fatty acid composition, tocopherol composition, iodine value and saponification value. The free fatty acid content was higher, while the phosphatide content and peroxide value were lower in the oil extracted by the aqueous‐enzymatic process as compared to the Soxhlet extracted samples.
Development of a trace explosives detection portal for personnel screening (2002)

We discuss the development, design and operation of a walk-through trace detection portal designed to screen personnel for explosives. Developed at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) with primary funding from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and additional support from the Department of Energy Office of Safeguards and Security, this portal is intended primarily for use in airport terminals and in other localities where a very high throughput of pedestrian traffic is combined with stringent security requirements. The portal is capable of detecting both vapor and particulate contamination, with the collection of explosive material being based upon the entrainment of that material in air flows over the body of the person being screened. This portal is capable of detecting high explosives of interest to the FAA. We discuss the results of field testing of the portal in the Albuquerque International Airport in September, 1997 and more recent steps towards commercialization of the portal.
Flexible harmonic/stochastic speech synthesis. (2007)

In this paper, our flexible harmonic/stochastic waveform generator for a speech synthesis system is presented. The speech is modeled as the superposition of two components: a harmonic component and a stochastic or aperiodic component. The purpose of this representation is to provide a framework with maximum flexibility for all kind of speech transformations. In contrast to other similar systems found in the literature, like HNM, our system can operate using constant frame rate instead of a pitch-synchronous scheme. Thus, the analysis process is simplified, while the phase coherence is guaranteed by the new prosodic modification and concatenation procedures that have been designed for this scheme. As the system was created for voice conversion applications, in this work, as a previous step, we validate its performance in a speech synthesis context by comparing it to the well-known TD-PSOLA technique, using four different voices and different synthesis database sizes. The opinions of the listeners indicate that the methods and algorithms described are preferred rather than PSOLA, and thus are suitable for high-quality speech synthesis and for further voice transformations. 1.
Shedding weights: More with less (2008)

Traditional connectionist models place an emphasis on learned weights. Based on neurobiological evidence, a new approach is developed and experimentally shown to be more robust for disambiguating novel combinations of stimuli. It does not require variable weights and avoids many training related issues. This approach is compared with traditional weight-learning methods. The network is better able to function in different scenarios and can recognize multiple stimuli even if it is only trained on single stimuli.
Compact, thermal-noise-limited optical cavity for diode laser stabilization at 1×10^−15 (2007)

We demonstrate phase and frequency stabilization of a diode laser at the thermal noise limit of a passive optical cavity. The system is compact and exploits a cavity design that reduces vibration sensitivity. The subhertz laser is characterized by comparison with a second independent system with similar fractional frequency stability (1x10(-15) at 1 s). The laser is further characterized by resolving a 2 Hz wide, ultranarrow optical clock transition in ultracold strontium.
Local Leaders’ Perceptions of Energy Development in the Barnett Shale (2009)

In recent decades, the production of natural gas from unconventional reservoirs (i.e., tight gas sands, coalbed methane resources, and gas shales) has become commonplace within the U.S. energy industry. The Newark East Fort Worth Basin field–called in the vernacular, the Barnett Shale–in north-central Texas is one of the largest unconventional natural gas fields (by production volume) in the United States. Unlike many conventional energy development projects, which typically occurred in small rural areas, much of the Barnett Shale production is occurring in and around a highly urbanized geographical setting. In spite of recent efforts to assess the economic effects of Barnett Shale production, little attention has been directed toward understanding the social impacts associated with this immense unconventional energy development. In this article we use key informant interview data collected in two Barnett Shale counties to investigate the reported positive and negative outcomes of unconventional energy development, as well as the similarities and differences in perceptions between respondents from each of the study counties. We then discuss practical applications and future research implications of our findings. The production of natural gas from unconventional reservoirs (i.e., tight gas sands, coalbed methane resources, and gas shales) has become commonplace within the U.S. energy industry in recent decades. Of the 17.2 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of natural gas produced in the U.S. in 1990, roughly 16 percent (2.8 tcf) was from unconventional sources (Kuuskraa and Stevens 1995). By 2006, the percentage of unconventional gas production to total domestic production increased to 43 percent (8.5 tcf of the total 18.6 tcf produced) (EIA 2008). Recent projections by the Energy Information Administration (EIA 2008), the statistical agency of the U.S. Department of Energy, suggest that onshore production of unconventional natural gas will increase to 9.6 tcf in 2018 and hold at or near that level for the next dozen years. In essence, unconventional natural gas will constitute roughly one-half of the projected 19.6 tcf onshore production by the year 2030 (EIA 2008).