gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CRADA/NFE-15-05761 Report: Additive Manufacturing of Isotropic NdFeB Bonded Permanent Magnets (2016)

The technical objective of this technical collaboration phase I proposal is to fabricate net shape isotropic NdFeB bonded magnets utilizing additive manufacturing technologies at the ORNL MDF. The goal is to form complex shapes of thermoplastic and/or thermoset bonded magnets without expensive tooling and with minimal wasted material. Two additive manufacturing methods; the binder jet process; and big area additive manufacturing (BAAM) were used. Binder jetting produced magnets with the measured density of the magnet of 3.47 g/cm3, close to 46% relative to the NdFeB single crystal density of 7.6 g/cm3 were demonstrated. Magnetic measurements indicate that there is no degradation in the magnetic properties. In addition, BAAM was used to fabricate isotropic near-net-shape NdFeB bonded magnets with magnetic and mechanical properties comparable or better than those of traditional injection molded magnets. The starting polymer magnet composite pellets consist of 65 vol% isotropic NdFeB powder and 35 vol% polyamide (Nylon-12). The density of the final BAAM magnet product reached 4.8 g/cm3, and the room temperature magnetic properties are: Intrinsic coercivity Hci = 8.65 kOe, Remanence Br = 5.07 kG, and energy product (BH)max = 5.47 MGOe (43.50 kJ/m3). This study provides a new pathway for preparing near-net shape bonded magnets for various magnetic applications.
To migrate or to wait: Bandwidth-latency tradeoff in opportunistic scheduling of parallel tasks (2012)

We consider the problem of scheduling low-priority tasks onto resources already assigned to high-priority tasks. Due to burstiness of the high-priority workloads, the resources can be temporarily underutilized and made available to the low-priority tasks. The increased level of utilization comes at a cost to the low-priority tasks due to intermittent resource availability. Focusing on two major costs, bandwidth cost associated with migrating tasks and latency cost associated with suspending tasks, we aim at developing online scheduling policies achieving the optimal bandwidth-latency tradeoff for parallel low-priority tasks with synchronization requirements. Under Markovian resource availability models, we formulate the problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) whose solution gives the optimal scheduling policy. Furthermore, we discover structures of the problem in the special case of homogeneous availability patterns that enable a simple threshold-based policy that is provably optimal. We validate the efficacy of the proposed policies by trace-driven simulations.
Metabolic engineering of the L-phenylalanine pathway in Escherichia coli for the production of S- or R-mandelic acid (2011)

We have constructed E. coli strains that successfully accomplished the production of S- and R-MA directly from glucose. Our work provides the first example of the completely fermentative production of S- and R-MA from renewable feedstock.
Olive oil instead of butter increases net cholesterol excretion from the small bowel. (1992)

Butter was replaced by olive oil in a controlled 100 g fat diet in order to study the effect of saturated fats (SAFA) versus monounsaturated fats (MUFA) on small-bowel sterol excretion in eleven healthy ileostomates. Bile acids and neutral sterols were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Net cholesterol excretion (excretion minus intake) was 84 +/- 25 mg/24 h (mean +/- SE) on the SAFA diet and increased to 218 +/- 32 mg/24 h on the MUFA diet (P less than 0.01). The bile acid excretion tended to be somewhat lower on the MUFA diet, but this was significant only for chenodeoxycholic acid. Net sterol excretion (the sum of excretion of net cholesterol and bile acids) was significantly lower on the SAFA diet than on the MUFA diet (443 +/- 60 and 529 +/- 58 mg/24 h, respectively). The immediately increased excretion of cholesterol from the small bowel could thus explain the serum cholesterol-lowering effect of a change from a SAFA-rich to a MUFA-rich diet, though the mechanism for this change is still unclear.
Neuroprosthetics (2014)

Neuroprostheses use electric stimuli to stimulate neural structures, muscles, or receptors in order to support, augment, or partly restore the respective disordered or lost function. The objective is to help the patient to participate in everyday life. The use of a neural prosthesis can improve the quality of life of the person concerned. The future of neuroprosthetics is challenging as well as interesting as it deals with several latest technological advancements that connect both biology and technology together. This chapter briefly explains the current advancements and future challenges related to Neuroprosthetics research.
Not a walk in the park: the ECVAM whole embryo culture model challenged with pharmaceuticals and attempted improvements with random forest design (2011)

This study confirms previous concerns about the applicability of the ECVAM prediction model to a more diverse chemical set, and underscores the challenges associated with developing embryotoxicity prediction models.
A novel subgridding scheme based on a combination of the finite-element and finite-difference time-domain methods (1998)

A simple and versatile local mesh refinement scheme, based on the hybridization of the finite-element (FE) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithms, is presented. The scheme achieves considerable flexibility in subgridding by using a transition region between the coarse and fine FDTD grids, meshed according to an unstructured grid, and solved by means of the FE method in the TD. An interpolation scheme in the time domain, which allows the use of different time steps in the coarse and fine mesh regions, is included in the paper.
A Rapid Increase in the Level of Binding Protein (BiP) is Accompanied by Synthesis and Degradation of Storage Proteins in Pumpkin Cotyledons (1997)

The binding protein (BiP) has been implicated in cotranslational folding of nascent polypeptides, and in the recognition and disposal of aberrant polypeptides. To elucidate the involvement of BiP in the biosynthesis of vacuolar proteins, we have characterized the protein in pumpkin cotyledons during seed maturation and seedling growth. Isolated microsomes from maturing pumpkin cotyledons contained a significant amount of BiP, protein-disulfide isomerase and calreticulin. We have purified a 70-kDa protein; sequences of the N-terminus and internal fragments of this protein exhibited a high identity to the sequence of soybean. Immunoblot analysis with specific antibodies raised against the purified BiP showed that the amount of BiP in a cotyledon increased markedly at the middle stages and then decreased. The increase was accompanied by the synthesis of storage proteins and the development of the endoplasmic reticulum in the cotyledons at the middle stage of seed maturation. Most of these storage proteins degraded dramatically between 2 and 5 days after seed germination, and the degradation was also accompanied by a rapid increase in the level of BiP. Subcellular fractionation of the 4-day-old cotyledons showed a high accumulation of BiP in the endoplasmic reticulum. It is possible that BiP might be involved in the synthesis of seed storage proteins during maturation and in the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes responsible for the degradation of the storage proteins during seed germination.
Microelectrode Test Configurations for Measurement of Galvanic Current Under Saline Drops in Simulated Atmospheric Conditions (2017)

This work investigates galvanic corrosion of UNS A97075 (AA7075-T6) coupled with a stainless steel UNS S13800 (CRES 13-8) in a simulated atmospheric environment under electrolyte droplets. Three different electrochemical test configurations were compared to understand galvanic corrosion in droplet electrolytes. Micro-pipets were utilized to electrochemically examine alloys and determine galvanic corrosion current from droplet polarization scans. Additionally a novel galvanic corrosion cell with two distinct droplet half cells joined by a micro-pipet salt bridge was constructed to observed galvanic atmospheric corrosion rates in dynamic environmental conditions. The last configuration examined a galvanic couple in contact with a single drop and exhibited corrosion behavior distinct from the latter design to due to reaction product interactions.
ESTABLISHMENT OF A HUMAN HEPATOCYTE LINE THAT SUPPORTS IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXO-ERYTHROCYTIC STAGES OF THE MALARIA PARASITES PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM AND P. VIVAX (2006)

Our understanding of the biology of malaria parasite liver stages is limited because of the lack of efficient in vitro systems that support the exo-erythrocytic (EE) development of the parasite. We report the development of a new hepatocyte line (HC-04) from normal human liver cells. The HC-04 cells have proliferated in hormone-free medium for more than 200 passages. The cells were hyperdiploid, resembled liver parenchymal cells, and synthesized major liver-specific proteins and enzymes. Using Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax sporozoites harvested from salivary glands of infected mosquitoes, we showed that HC-04 cells supported the complete EE development of these two most prevalent human malaria parasites. The EE parasites attained full maturation as shown by their infectivity to human erythrocytes. The infection rates of the liver cells were estimated to be 0.066% and 0.041% for P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively. As the first human hepatocyte line known to support complete EE development of both P. falciparum and P. vivax, HC-04 will provide an experimental model that can be used for studying the biology of liver stage malaria parasites.
Improvement of a Dendritic Cell-Based Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine with Components of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2009)

The use of dendritic cells (DCs) as a cellular adjuvant is a promising approach to the immunotherapy of cancer. It has previously been demonstrated that DCs pulsed ex vivo with Toxoplasma gondii antigens trigger a systemic Th1-biased specific immune response and induce protective and specific antitoxoplasma immunity. In the present study, we demonstrate that tumor antigen-pulsed DCs matured in the presence of Toxoplasma gondii components induce a potent antitumor response in a mouse model of fibrosarcoma. Bone-marrow derived DCs (BMDCs) were cultured in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. After 5 days, tumor lysates with or without the T. gondii lysate were added to the culture for another 2 days. The cytokine production in the BMDC culture and the coculture supernatants of DCs and splenic cells was evaluated. For immunization, 7 days after tumor challenge, different groups of BALB/c mice received different kinds of DCs subcutaneously around the tumor site. Tumor growth was monitored, and 2 weeks after DC immunotherapy, the cytotoxic activity and the infiltration of CD8(+) T cells were monitored in different groups. According to the findings, immunotherapy with T. gondii-matured DCs led to a significant increase in the activity of cytotoxic T cells and decreased the rate of growth of the tumor in immunized animals. Immature DCs did not cause any change in cytotoxic activity or the tumor growth rate compared to that in the healthy controls. The current study suggests that a specific antitumor immune response can be induced by DCs matured with T. gondii components and provide the basis for the use of T. gondii in DC-targeted clinical therapies.
Evaluation of PICC Complications in Orthopedic Inpatients with Bone Infection for Long-Term Intravenous Antibiotics Therapy (2015)

Even in orthopedic patients with chronic orthopedic bone infection, PICCs have a low rate of complication. The increasing lumen number of the PICC is a potential risk factor in our series.
2-Substituted thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acids as prodrugs of L-cysteine. Protection of mice against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity (1984)

A number of 2-alkyl- and 2-aryl-substituted thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acids were evaluated for their protective effect against hepatotoxic deaths produced in mice by LD90 doses of acetaminophen. 2(RS)-Methyl-, 2(RS)-n-propyl-, and 2(RS)-n- pentylthiazolidine -4(R)-carboxylic acids (compounds 1b,d,e, respectively) were nearly equipotent in their protective effect based on the number of surviving animals at 48 h as well as by histological criteria. 2(RS)-Ethyl-, 2(RS)-phenyl-, and 2(RS)-(4-pyridyl)thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acids (compounds 1c,f,g) were less protective. The enantiomer of 1b, viz., 2(RS)- methylthiazolidine -4(S)-carboxylic acid (2b), was totally ineffective in this regard. Thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid (1a), but not its enantiomer, 2a, was a good substrate for a solubilized preparation of rat liver mitochondrial proline oxidase [Km = 1.1 x 10(-4) M; Vmax = 5.4 mumol min-1 (mg of protein)-1]. Compound 1b was not a substrate for proline oxidase but dissociated to L-cysteine in this system. At physiological pH and temperature, the hydrogens on the methyl group of 1b underwent deuterium exchange with solvent D2O (k1 = 2.5 X 10(-5) s), suggesting that opening of the thiazolidine ring must have taken place. Indeed, 1b labeled with 14C in the 2 and methyl positions was rapidly metabolized by the rat to produce 14CO2, 80% of the dose being excreted in this form in the expired air after 24 h. It is suggested that these 2-substituted thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acids are prodrugs of L-cysteine that liberate this sulfhydryl amino acid in vivo by nonenzymatic ring opening, followed by solvolysis.
Micromagnetic modeling of head field rise time for high data-rate recording (2005)

We have developed a finite-element micromagnetics model to investigate the dynamics of write heads for perpendicular recording at high density and high data-rates. The model includes the entire head geometry, with the large return pole and the soft underlayer. The response of the head to the coil current is determined by the current waveform shape and duration, Gilbert damping constant, and presence of soft underlayer and shields. Large damping leads to a large phase shift between the coil current and the head field while small damping causes strong gyromagnetic precession. We find that an intermediate value of the damping constant gives the fastest head field rise time. The intrinsic reversal time decreases from 540 to 250 ps by reducing coil-turns from two to one and shortening the yoke length. Thus, an intermediate value of the damping constant, short yoke length, and fast current rise time are needed for maximum data rate.
Lon Protease Degrades Transfer-Messenger RNA-Tagged Proteins (2007)

Bacterial trans translation is activated when translating ribosomes are unable to elongate or terminate properly. Small protein B (SmpB) and transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) are the two known factors required for and dedicated to trans translation. tmRNA, encoded by the ssrA gene, is a bifunctional molecule that acts both as a tRNA and as an mRNA during trans translation. The functions of tmRNA ensure that stalled ribosomes are rescued, the causative defective mRNAs are degraded, and the incomplete polypeptides are marked for targeted proteolysis. We present in vivo and in vitro evidence that demonstrates a direct role for the Lon ATP-dependent protease in the degradation of tmRNA-tagged proteins. In an endogenous protein tagging assay, lon mutants accumulated excessive levels of tmRNA-tagged proteins. In a reporter protein tagging assay with lambda-CI-N, the protein product of a nonstop mRNA construct designed to activate trans translation, lon mutant cells efficiently tagged the reporter protein, but the tagged protein exhibited increased stability. Similarly, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) construct containing a hard-coded C-terminal tmRNA tag (GFP-SsrA) exhibited increased stability in lon mutant cells. Most significantly, highly purified Lon preferentially degraded the tmRNA-tagged forms of proteins compared to the untagged forms. Based on these results, we conclude that Lon protease participates directly in the degradation of tmRNA-tagged proteins.
Studies in Burns (1971)

JELENKO, CARL III, M.D., F.A.C.S.; GINSBURG, JACK M. PH.D.; WHEELER, M. L.; ANDERSON, A. P. Author Information
GM-CSF and IL-4 synergistically trigger dendritic cells to acquire retinoic acid-producing capacity (2009)

Retinoic acid (RA) produced by intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) imprints gut-homing specificity on lymphocytes and enhances Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell differentiation. The expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1A in these DCs is essential for the RA production. However, it remains unclear how the steady-state ALDH1A expression is induced under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. Here, we found that bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) generated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expressed Aldh1a2, an isoform of Aldh1a, but that fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand-generated BM-DCs did not. DCs from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches (PP) of normal SPF mice expressed ALDH1A2, but not the other known RA-producing enzymes. Employing a flow cytometric method, we detected ALDH activities in 10-30% of PP-DCs and MLN-DCs. They were CD11c(high)CD4(-/low)CD8alpha(intermediate)CD11b(-/low) F4/80(low/intermediate)CD45RB(low)CD86(high)MHC class II(high)B220(-)CD103(+). Equivalent levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHact) and ALDH1A2 expression were induced synergistically by GM-CSF and IL-4 in splenic DCs in vitro. In BM-DCs, however, additional signals via Toll-like receptors or RA receptors were required for inducing the equivalent levels. The generated ALDH1A2(+) DCs triggered T cells to express gut-homing receptors or Foxp3. GM-CSF receptor-deficient or vitamin A-deficient mice exhibited marked reductions in the ALDHact in intestinal DCs and the T cell number in the intestinal lamina propria, whereas IL-4 receptor-mediated signals were dispensable. GM-CSF(+)CD11c(-)F4/80(+) cells existed constitutively in the intestinal tissues. The results suggest that GM-CSF and RA itself are pivotal among multiple microenvironment factors that enable intestinal DCs to produce RA.
Determinantes de la capacidad de innovación en PYMES regionales (2012)

La capacidad de innovación es una competencia distintiva que permite innovar y, en\nconsecuencia, potencia la competitividad, especialmente en las pequeñas y medianas empresas\n(PYME). Dicha capacidad se ve condicionada por factores internos y externos. Este artículo\nanaliza como combina la empresa dichos factores para mejorar la capacidad de innovación. Por\nun lado, la empresa genera una competencia distintiva denominada gestión de los recursos\nhumanos y tecnológicos a partir del capital intelectual interno. Por otro lado, organiza otra\ncompetencia distintiva denominada gestión de los recursos y relaciones territoriales a partir de\nlos recursos tangibles asociados al territorio y del capital intelectual fruto de las relaciones con\nel entorno. Mediante técnicas de Mínimos cuadrados parciales aplicados en una muestra de\npequeñas y medianas empresas en una región del noroeste de España se demuestra que ambos\nfactores influyen en la capacidad de innovación.\nEste estudio contribuye a delimitar cuales son los factores que potencian la capacidad de\ninnovación y como la empresa asocia esos factores, indicando cual es el proceso de\nconstrucción de competencias básicas para mejorar su capacidad de innovación. Como\nconsecuencia, el artículo sugiere elementos de reflexión para elaborar políticas de apoyo a la\ninnovación empresarial.
INFUSE: Interactive Feature Selection for Predictive Modeling of High Dimensional Data (2014)

Predictive modeling techniques are increasingly being used by data scientists to understand the probability of predicted outcomes. However, for data that is high-dimensional, a critical step in predictive modeling is determining which features should be included in the models. Feature selection algorithms are often used to remove non-informative features from models. However, there are many different classes of feature selection algorithms. Deciding which one to use is problematic as the algorithmic output is often not amenable to user interpretation. This limits the ability for users to utilize their domain expertise during the modeling process. To improve on this limitation, we developed INFUSE, a novel visual analytics system designed to help analysts understand how predictive features are being ranked across feature selection algorithms, cross-validation folds, and classifiers. We demonstrate how our system can lead to important insights in a case study involving clinical researchers predicting patient outcomes from electronic medical records.
Outcomes of transplantation using various hematopoietic cell sources in children with Hurler syndrome after myeloablative conditioning (2013)

We report transplantation outcomes of 258 children with Hurler syndrome (HS) after a myeloablative conditioning regimen from 1995 to 2007. Median age at transplant was 16.7 months and median follow-up was 57 months. The cumulative incidence of neutrophil recovery at day 60 was 91%, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (grade II-IV) at day 100 was 25%, and chronic GVHD and 5 years was 16%. Overall survival and event-free survival (EFS) at 5 years were 74% and 63%, respectively. EFS after HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD) and 6/6 matched unrelated cord blood (CB) donor were similar at 81%, 66% after 10/10 HLA-matched unrelated donor (UD), and 68% after 5/6 matched CB donor. EFS was lower after transplantation in 4/6 matched unrelated CB (UCB) (57%; P = .031) and HLA-mismatched UD (41%; P = .007). Full-donor chimerism (P = .039) and normal enzyme levels (P = .007) were higher after CB transplantation (92% and 98%, respectively) compared with the other grafts sources (69% and 59%, respectively). In conclusion, results of allogeneic transplantation for HS are encouraging, with similar EFS rates after MSD, 6/6 matched UCB, 5/6 UCB, and 10/10 matched UD. The use of mismatched UD and 4/6 matched UCB was associated with lower EFS.
A track density model for magnetoresistive heads considering erase bands (1990)

Equations are derived that describe the offtrack behavior of magnetic recording heads with inductive-write-wide, magnetoresistive (MR)-read-narrow in the presence of squeeze and erase bands. The resulting model can be used to predict offtrack performance as a function of trackpitch. It is shown that the offtrack behavior can be broken into five regions in the presence of squeeze and erase bands.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vantage point (2009)

IN CRITICAL care, there is an increasing amount of evidence that over-sedating patients to prevent them from removing life-sustaining appliances can be harmful ( Young et al 2000 ).
Synthesis of Model Compounds for the Formation of Self-Assembled Monolayers on a Silicon Surface (1995)

The synthesis of terminally functionalized alkanes, which represent potential compounds for formation of self-assembled monolayers, is reported. The alkanes described are substituted at one end with a trichloro- or trialkoxysilyl group suitable for linkage to a hydroxylated silicon surface and at the other hand with a vinyl or amino group for further functionalization.
A Hydrazone‐Based <i>exo</i>‐Directing‐Group Strategy for β C−H Oxidation of Aliphatic Amines (2016)

Described is a new hydrazone-based exo-directing group (DG) strategy developed for the functionalization of unactivated primary β C-H bonds of aliphatic amines. Conveniently synthesized from protected primary amines, the hydrazone DGs are shown to site-selectively promote the β-acetoxylation and tosyloxylation via five-membered exo-palladacycles. Amines with a wide scope of skeletons and functional groups are tolerated. Moreover, the hydrazone DG can be readily removed, and a one-pot C-H acetoxylation/DG removal protocol was also discovered.