gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake Depends on the Spatial and Temporal Profile of Cytosolic Ca2+ Signals (2001)

Using confocal imaging of Rhod-2-loaded HeLa cells, we examined the ability of mitochondria to sequester Ca(2+) signals arising from different sources. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)mit) uptake was stimulated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3))-evoked Ca(2+) release, capacitative Ca(2+) entry, and Ca(2+) leaking from the endoplasmic reticulum. For each Ca(2+) source, the relationship between cytosolic Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)cyt) concentration and Ca(2+)mit was complex. With Ca(2+)cyt < 300 nm, a slow and persistent Ca(2+)mit uptake was observed. If Ca(2+)cyt increased above approximately 400 nm, Ca(2+)mit uptake accelerated sharply. For equivalent Ca(2+)cyt increases, the rate of Ca(2+)mit rise was greater with InsP(3)-evoked Ca(2+) signals than any other source. Spatial variation of the Ca(2+)mit response was observed within individual cells. Both the fraction of responsive mitochondria and the amplitude of the Ca(2+)mit response were graded in direct proportion to stimulus concentration. Trains of repetitive Ca(2+) oscillations did not maintain elevated Ca(2+)mit levels. Only low frequency Ca(2+) transients (<1/15 min) evoked repetitive Ca(2+)mit signals. Our data indicate that there is a lag between Ca(2+)cyt and Ca(2+)mit increases but that mitochondria will accumulate calcium when it is elevated over basal levels regardless of its source. Furthermore, in addition to the characteristics of Ca(2+) signals, Ca(2+) uniporter desensitization and proximity of mitochondria to InsP(3) receptors modulate mitochondrial Ca(2+) responses.
Back-surface Optimization of Germanium TPV Cells (2007)

In this work two solar cell designs have been investigated in order to improve the properties of the backside of Germanium TPV cells. In the first design. Aluminum is used as the backside contact and acts as a back surface field (BSF). The second design combines a dielectric mirror of a‐Si/SiO2 with Al laser‐fired point contacts (LFC). This dielectric mirror features high infrared reflection and excellent electrical passivation of the germanium back surface. Lifetime values up to 420 μs have been achieved on a Germanium wafer with a resistivity of 0.5–1.5 Ω.cm. For both solar cell designs an efficiency of 16 % has been achieved assuming a microstructured tungsten emitter spectrum at 1100°C with an incident radiation density of 2.5 W/cm2.
Therapeutic use of theophylline to antagonize renal effects of adenosine. (1995)

Experiments in laboratory animals clearly show that adenosine acts as a vasoconstrictive metabolite in the kidney. Adenosine receptor antagonists like theophylline can inhibit renal vasoconstriction in response to exogenous and endogenous adenosine. Based on these findings a number of experiments have been performed to test whether the vasoconstrictive action of adenosine in the kidney might be important also in pathophysiological states. In various animal models theophylline and other methylxanthine derivatives have been successfully employed to improve renal function after induction of acute renal failure. Clinical implications of these experimental findings comprise the prevention of acute renal failure following the administration of radio contrast media by theophylline. Another therapeutic aspect derives from experimental and clinical data showing that theophylline controls erythropoietin production in erythrocytosis after renal transplantation.
30 nm E-mode InAs PHEMTs for THz and future logic applications (2008)

We have demonstrated 30 nm E-mode InAs PHEMTs with outstanding Tera-Hz (THz) and logic performance. The devices feature a Pt gate sinking process to effectively thin down the In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.52</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.48</sub> As barrier layer. Fabricated devices show excellent L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> scalability down to 30 nm with record f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> in E-mode devices, and record combination of f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> in any transistor technology. In particular, 30 nm devices exhibit V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 80 mV, g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m,max</sub> = 1.83 mS/mum, S = 73 mV/dec, DIBL = 85 mV/V, f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 601 and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> = 609 GHz at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = 0.5 V. We have also estimated a source injection velocity of v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inj</sub> = 2.5 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> cm/s at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = 0.5 V, about a factor of two higher than state-of-the-art Si MOSFETs These encouraging results stem from the outstanding transport properties of InAs as a channel material coupled with well-tempered design features that improve short-channel effects through insulator thickness scaling with buried Pt-gate.
The iminosugar isofagomine increases the activity of N370S mutant acid β-glucosidase in Gaucher fibroblasts by several mechanisms (2006)

Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency in lysosomal acid beta-glucosidase (GlcCerase), the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of glucosylceramide. One of the most prevalent disease-causing mutations, N370S, results in an enzyme with lower catalytic activity and impaired exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we report that the iminosugar isofagomine (IFG), an active-site inhibitor, increases GlcCerase activity 3.0 +/- 0.6-fold in N370S fibroblasts by several mechanisms. A major effect of IFG is to facilitate the folding and transport of newly synthesized GlcCerase in the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby increasing the lysosomal pool of the enzyme. In addition, N370S GlcCerase synthesized in the presence of IFG exhibits a shift in pH optimum from 6.4 to 5.2 and altered sensitivity to SDS. Although IFG fully inhibits GlcCerase in the lysosome in an in situ assay, washout of the drug leads to partial recovery of GlcCerase activity within 4 h and full recovery by 24 h. These findings provide support for the possible use of active-site inhibitors in the treatment of some forms of Gaucher disease.
Treatment Intensification with Raltegravir in Subjects with Sustained HIV-1 Viraemia Suppression: A Randomized 48-Week Study (2011)

Intensification of HAART with raltegravir during 48 weeks was safe and associated with a significant decrease in CD8(+) T-cell activation, and a transient increase of episomal HIV-1 DNA. However, raltegravir did not significantly contribute to changes in CD4(+) T-cell counts, ultrasensitive VL, and total and integrated HIV-1 DNA. These findings suggest that raltegravir impacts residual HIV-1 replication and support new strategies to impair HIV-1 persistence. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00554398.
Pseudolaric Acid B Inhibits Angiogenesis and Reduces Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α by Promoting Proteasome-Mediated Degradation (2004)

PAB displays the dual antiangiogenic activities of directly inhibiting endothelial cells and abrogating paracrine stimulation of VEGF from tumor cells due to reducing HIF-1alpha protein by promoting its proteasome-mediated degradation in MDA-MB-468 cells, which has potential clinical relevance.
Compaction Studies on Beads: Compression and Consolidation Parameters (1994)

The purpose of this work was to evaluate compaction of the beads containing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Although MCC in its powder form is universally recognized as a very compressible material, studies in these laboratories demonstrated that MCC beads prepared by extrusion/spheronization were not. In fact, MCC beads are very hard and not easily deformable or broken. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to modify the bead composition by incorporating materials which might change the bead compactibility and to describe the effects. The dissolution properties of the compacted forms were also evaluated.To study the compaction behavior of the MCC beads it was necessary to modify the Athy-Heckel equation to describe compression and to combine that analysis with the Leuenberger equation to describe consolidation.
A 16-bit 12-GS/s Single-/Dual-Rate DAC With a Successive Bandpass Delta-Sigma Modulator Achieving <−67-dBc IM3 Within DC to 6-GHz Tunable Passbands (2018)

This paper presents a hybrid digital-to-analog converter (DAC) architecture with a tunable bandpass delta-sigma modulator (DSM) to synthesize channelized signals over a wide frequency range with high linearity and a low in-band noise floor. Due to the mostly digital architecture, this DAC topology favors technology scaling. The DSM uses a successive pipeline structure with time-interleaving techniques to achieve a 12-GS/s data rate and overall 16-bit DAC resolution. To improve the linearity at high frequencies, an inverse-sinc-shaped digital pre-distortion (DPD) scheme is used to better approximate and compensate the timing errors. The DAC can be configured for single- or dual-rate operation modes to tradeoff different input data rates with DAC linearity and spectral images. The prototype was fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology with an analog area of 0.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and <;250-mW analog power consumption. It achieved IM3 of -85 to -67 dBc over the Nyquist band, and the spurious-free dynamic range remains >60 dBc up to a 4.2-GHz signal frequency at 12 GS/s in the single-rate mode thanks to the hybrid structure and proposed DPD techniques.
Efficient simulation and optimization for tandem press lines (2012)

Today, simulation is needed as one of the tools for optimum utilization of a press line.Utilization includes: high throughput, minimum ware of the line and high quality. Highquality includes quality of the produced parts, quality of the stamping dies and quality of thetooling manufactured. In order to perform efficient geometrical simulation and virtualcommissioning in stamping, two main fields are investigated namely simulation time andoptimization time. Thus, reducing computation time is the main theme of this thesis. Anefficient press line simulation model is built and verified, resulting in reduced simulationbuilding time due to the modularization of the model.To reduce simulation time, collision detection time is reduced by a method based on 3Dto 2D geometrical collision detection. The method is based on pre-calculation of all collisionpoints in the environment of interest, and then using a simplified collision detection model ina simulation based optimization. This is less resource consuming than collision checking theoriginal 3D objects for all optimization evaluations. The suggested approach reduces thecollision detection from a 3D to a 2D problem, where collision between simplified butmoving curves is used in the repeated simulation for optimization. This collision detectionapproach, together with a simplified implementation of the control code, results in ~200 timesreduction of the computation time, compared to the original simulation based on standard 3Dcollision detection.The variable parameters in a press line exceed 100, resulting in time/computationallydemanding computations. There is also a need of fast optimizations for die design, line tryoutand ramp-up. Since the number of evaluations grows exponentially with the number ofdimensions in an optimization problem, optimization time is reduced by a decompositionstrategy aiming at dimension reduction. Two simulation/optimization strategies were chosenand tested to decrease calculations. The presented results mean that simulation and virtualcommissioning can be performed not only for press stations but also for complete press lines,where the complexity increases linearly with the number of stations in the line.KEYWORDS: Press Line Simulation, Simulation based optimization, Virtual manufacturing,Virtual commissioning, Parameter tuning, Optimization strategies.
Structural Analysis of the α-2,3-Sialyltransferase Cst-I from <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> in Apo and Substrate-Analogue Bound Forms<sup>,</sup> (2007)

Sialic acid is an essential sugar in biology that plays key roles in numerous cellular processes and interactions. The biosynthesis of sialylated glycoconjugates is catalyzed by five distinct families of sialyltransferases. In the last 25 years, there has been much research on the enzymes themselves, their genes, and their reaction products, but we still do not know the precise molecular mechanism of action for this class of glycosyltransferase. We previously reported the first detailed structural and kinetic characterization of Cst-II, a bifunctional sialyltransferase (CAZy GT-42) from the bacterium Campylobacter jejuni [Chiu et al. (2004) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 11, 163-170]. This enzyme can use both Gal-beta-1,3/4-R and Neu5Ac-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,3/4-R as acceptor sugars. A second sialyltransferase from this bacterium, Cst-I, has been shown to utilize solely Gal-beta-1,3/4-R as the acceptor sugar in its transferase reaction. We report here the structural and kinetic characterization of this monofunctional enzyme, which belongs to the same sialyltransferase family as Cst-II, in both apo and substrate bound form. Our structural data show that Cst-I adopts a similar GTA-type glycosyltransferase fold to that of the bifunctional Cst-II, with conservation of several key noncharged catalytic residues. Significant differences are found, however, between the two enzymes in the lid domain region, which is critical to the creation of the acceptor sugar binding site. Furthermore, molecular modeling of various acceptor sugars within the active sites of these enzymes provides significant new insights into the structural basis for substrate specificities within this biologically important enzyme class.
Fabrication and Integration of Micromachined Submillimeter-Wave Circuits (2011)

Micromachining techniques have been shown to have the necessary precision to fabricate accurate submillimeter-wave circuits and structures; however, few submillimeter-wave circuits created by these techniques have been integrated into existing systems. This article builds on previous lithographic micromachining techniques to fabricate and integrate geometrically complex submillimeter-wave waveguide circuits that cannot be fabricated by conventional machining, specifically a lowpass filter.
Association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 with decreased basic metabolic rate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2009)

The Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARgamma2 gene is associated with decreased BMR in women with PCOS and biochemical hyperandrogenemia. These young women are therefore at risk to increase their body weight and should restrict their energy intake by diet and enhance their energy expenditure by exercise.
Measurements of mass ablation rate and pressure in planar targets irradiated by 0.27-μm laser light (1986)

Planar CH targets were irradiated by 400-ps and 1-ns pulses of 0.27-μm light at intensities of 5×1012–1014 W/cm2. The mass ablation rate obtained from time integrated x-ray line emission from layered targets was found to be ṁ=1.5×105(Ia/1013 W/cm2)0.5 g/cm2 s. Using this result and the ion blowoff velocity, the ablation pressure scaled as Pa=3.9 (Ia/1013 W/cm2)0.6 Mbar. Comparisons to similar experiments at 0.53 μm indicate that the mass ablation rate and pressure scale with laser wavelength as λ−1.4 and λ−0.9, respectively. The intensity and wavelength scalings are found to agree with analytic predictions for spherical geometry rather than planar models. Comparisons are also made with previously reported measurements at other wavelengths and geometries.
Collagen—A biomaterial for delivery of growth factors and tissue regeneration (2014)

Research on collagen as a carrier for growth factors and cells is an actual field in modern tissue engineering. The progress in this field of research will make possible approaching the problem of regeneration of injured organs and large tissue fragments.
Research on the Development of Network Newspaper in China (2004)

On the basis of analyzing the present situation and problems of network newspaper construction in China, this paper discusses the countermeasures from different ways.
Towards Improved Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Analysis of Gene Expression Data and Computer Aided Imaging (2009)

With the increasing cost effectiveness of whole slide digital scanners, gene expression microarray and SNP technologies, tissue specimens can now be analyzed using sophisticated computer aided image and data analysis techniques for accurate diagnoses and identification of prognostic markers and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Microarray analysis is routinely able to identify biomarkers correlated with survival and reveal pathways underlying pathogenesis and invasion. In this paper we describe how microarray profiling of tumor samples combined with simple but powerful methods of analysis can identify biologically distinct disease subclasses of breast cancer with distinct molecular signatures, differential recurrence rates and potentially, very different response to therapy. Image analysis methods are also rapidly finding application in the clinic, complementing the pathologist in quantitative, reproducible, detection, staging, and grading of disease. We will describe novel computerized image analysis techniques and machine learning tools for automated cancer detection from digitized histopathology and how they can be employed for disease diagnosis and prognosis for prostate and breast cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF TETRAHYDROFURAN‐3‐CARBOXALDEHYDE (1981)

Abstract cis‐1,4‐Buten‐2‐diol (II) kondensiert mit den Oxo‐Verbindungen (I) zu den 4,7‐Dihydro‐1,3‐dioxepinen (III), die mit Rutheniumhydridkatalysatoren zu den Isomeren (IV) umgelagert werden und dann bei der Behandlung mit Bortrifluorid in die sterisch einheitlichen Tetrahydrofuran‐3‐aldehyde (V) übergehen.
Changes in serum cholinesterase (EC 3 1 * 1 * 8) activity in rats consuming a high-fat diet (1989)

Adult male rats were fed on a control diet containing (g/kg) carbohydrate 600, lipid 35 and protein 190, or on a high-fat diet containing carbohydrate 360, lipid 420 and protein 120. After 30 d, the high-fat diet provoked a decrease in serum cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) activity which was reversed by feeding rats on the control diet. The observed decrease after 90 d on the high-fat diet was not seen if a simultaneous daily intraperitoneal injection of a lipotrophic agent containing (mg/kg) S-adenosyl-L-methionine 3, coenzyme A 0.1, UDP-glucose 30 and CDP-choline 1.5 was given to rats on the high-fat diet. The findings are discussed in relation to the apparent susceptibility of serum cholinesterase to dietary components and its possible role in lipid metabolism.
An experimental study on the use of fibrin sealants in strabismus surgery. (1993)

Fibrin sealants were used in place of the classical suture materials in strabismus surgery. Classical recession operations were performed on the right eyes of ten albino rabbits, while the recessed anterior rectus muscles of the left eyes were fixed to the sclera with the tissue sealant. Better histopathological results were obtained with the fibrin sealant than with the classical sutures, but the functional results were worse.
Proposed simulation of volumetric image navigation using a surgical microscope (1995)

This paper describes a simulated surgical setup based on modern, frameless stereotactic techniques that enable surgeons to visualize the field of view of the surgical microscope, overlaid with the segmented volumetric medical images, of a localized area of the patient's head. Using this "true three-dimensional" navigation system, the surgeon visualizes the surgical site while exploring the inner layers of the patient's anatomy via the surgical microscope. It also allows the surgeon to "fly through," and around, the site of the surgery to visualize several alternatives and qualitatively choose what he or she believes is the best surgical approach. Moving surgical devices are tracked with stereo vision cameras, allowing determination of their spatial relationship to the target lesion.
Pipelined Hardware Architecture for High-Speed Optical Flow Estimation Using FPGA (2010)

Optical flow is a motion field estimation method that has a wide range of applications. In this paper, we present a fully pipelined hardware architecture for high-speed optical flow estimation based on a full-search block matching algorithm. A census transform is applied to the corresponding pixels in the current and previous frame. The similarity between two census vectors within the search area is then computed by measuring the hamming distance. Macro blocks are generated based on the measured hamming distance values and the best match is determined by locating the block that has the smallest sum. The synthesis tool reported that the proposed system is capable of processing 400 standard VGA frames per second.
Performances of the Delay-Line Multiplier Circuit for Clock and Carrier Synchronization in Digital Satellite Communications (1983)

This paper is concerned with clock and carrier synchronization in digital satellite transmissions, using the delay-line multiplier circuit. For clock recovery from baseband signal, with random data, a closed form formula is derived which gives the spectrum after multiplication, for any arbitrary pulse shape. This spectrum contains spectral lines at the clock frequency and its harmonics, and a continuous part which is the pattern noise. This pattern noise may be decomposed in noise in phase with the recovered clock, and noise in quadrature whose power spectral density is always zero at zero frequency. The effect of Gaussian noise on the channel is taken into account to calculate signal-to-noise ratio at the clock frequency as a function of the classical parameter <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E/N_{o}</tex> . With a modulated input carrier, the signal at the output of the delay-line multiplier may be separated into two parts: a low frequency signal that contains clock information and a bandpass spectrum signal around twice the carrier frequency that contains carrier information, when possible. Spectrum and signal-to-noise ratio in carrier recovery are studied for BPSK and offset quadrature modulation.