gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method of Selecting Complex Wavelet for Feature Extraction in Partial Discharge Signal Processing (2008)

This paper presents an efficient method for selecting optimal complex wavelet from a family of wavelets for feature extraction in partial discharge signal (PDS) processing. The optimal wavelet can be used to extract features of PDS from signals with strong disturbance and noise. Specifically, the optimal complex wavelet is selected based on the phase-spectrum similarity between the wavelet and the PDS. The simulation results show that the selected optimal wavelet cansignificantly improve the PDS feature extraction. This capability has potential to improve the accuracy of real-time monitoring of PDS in power systems.
Growth of Graphene from Food, Insects, and Waste (2011)

In its monolayer form, graphene is a one-atom-thick two-dimensional material with excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Large-scale production of high-quality graphene is attracting an increasing amount of attention. Chemical vapor and solid deposition methods have been developed to grow graphene from organic gases or solid carbon sources. Most of the carbon sources used were purified chemicals that could be expensive for mass production. In this work, we have developed a less expensive approach using six easily obtained, low or negatively valued raw carbon-containing materials used without prepurification (cookies, chocolate, grass, plastics, roaches, and dog feces) to grow graphene directly on the backside of a Cu foil at 1050 °C under H(2)/Ar flow. The nonvolatile pyrolyzed species were easily removed by etching away the frontside of the Cu. Analysis by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicates that the monolayer graphene derived from these carbon sources is of high quality.
Abstraction in recovery management (1986)

There are many examples of actions on abstract data types which can be correctly implemented with nonserializable and nonrecoverable schedules of reads and writes. We examine a model of multiple layers of abstraction that explains this phenomenon and suggests an approach to building layered systems with transaction oriented synchronization and roll back. Our model may make it easier to provide the high data integrity of reliable database transaction processing in a broader class of information systems. We concentrate on the recovery aspects here, a technical report [Moss et al 85] has a more complete discussion of concurrency control.
Detecting Reliability Attacks during Split Fabrication using Test-only BEOL Stack (2014)

Split fabrication, the process of splitting an IC into an untrusted and trusted tier, facilitates access to the most advanced semiconductor manufacturing capabilities available in the world without requiring disclosure of design intent. While obfuscation techniques have been proposed to prevent malicious circuit insertion or modifications in the untrusted tier, detecting a pernicious reliability attack induced in the offshore foundry is more elusive. We describe a methodology for exhaustive testing of components in the untrusted tier using a specialized test-only metal stack for selected sacrificial dies.
Effects of Reversible Inactivation of the Neonatal Ventral Hippocampus on Behavior in the Adult Rat (2002)

Rats with neonatal excitotoxic damage of the ventral hippocampus display in adulthood a variety of abnormalities reminiscent of schizophrenia and are used as an animal model of this disorder. In the present study, we hypothesized that transient inactivation of ventral hippocampal activity during a critical developmental period may be sufficient to disrupt normal maturation of relevant brain systems and produce similar lasting behavioral changes. We infused tetrodotoxin (TTX) or artificial CSF into the ventral hippocampus on postnatal day 7 (P7) and assessed behavioral changes in response to stress, amphetamine, and (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate in juvenile (P35) and young adult (P56) rats. In adulthood, rats infused neonatally with TTX displayed motor hyperactivity after pharmacological stimulation and after stress compared with sham controls. Analogous TTX infusions in adult animals did not alter these behaviors later in life. These data suggest that transient loss of ventral hippocampal function during a critical time in maturation of intracortical connections permanently changes the development of neural circuits mediating certain dopamine- and NMDA-related behaviors. These results represent a potential new model of aspects of schizophrenia without involving a gross anatomic lesion.
Outstanding animal studies in allergy II. From atopic barrier and microbiome to allergen-specific immunotherapy (2017)

In atopic dermatitis, food allergies and asthma, environmental factors, together with the resident microflora and barrier status, decide on sensitization versus tolerance. Also allergen-specific immunotherapy operates with immunomodulatory principles.
Gli1 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of HSCs and myeloid progenitors (2010)

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is essential for normal embryonic development and tissue repair. The role of Hh signaling in hematopoiesis has been studied primarily by modulating the activity of Patched and Smoothened, but results have been conflicting. Some studies demonstrate a requirement for pathway activity in hematopoiesis, whereas others report that it is dispensable. Hh activity converges on the Gli transcription factors, but the specific role of these downstream effectors in hematopoiesis has not been reported. We have analyzed hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and progenitor function in mice with a homozygous deletion of Gli1 (Gli1(null)). Gli1(null) mice have more long-term HSCs that are more quiescent and show increased engraftment after transplantation. In contrast, myeloid development is adversely affected with decreased in vitro colony formation, decreased in vivo response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and impaired leukocyte recovery after chemotherapy. Levels of the proto-oncogene Cyclin D1 are reduced in Gli1(null) mice and may explain the loss of proliferation seen in HSCs and progenitor cells. These data demonstrate that Gli1 regulates normal and stress hematopoiesis. Moreover, they suggest that Gli1 and Smoothened may not be functionally redundant, and direct GLI1 inhibitors may be needed to effectively block HH/GLI1 activity in human disease.
Microfluidics without microfabrication (2003)

Microfluidic devices create spatially defined, chemically controlled environments at microscopic dimensions. We demonstrate the formation and control of microscopic hydrodynamic and chemical environments by impinging a low-intensity acoustic oscillation on a cylindrical electrode. The interaction of small-amplitude (< or =203 microm), low-frequency (< or =515 Hz) fluid oscillations with a submillimeter cylinder creates four microscopic eddies that circulate adjacent to the cylinder. This steady flow is known as acoustic streaming. Because the steady circulation in the eddies has closed streamlines, reagent dosed from the electrode can escape the eddies only by slow molecular diffusion. As a result, reagent dosing rates of 10 nmol/s produce eddy concentrations as high as 8 mM, without a correspondingly large rise in bulk solution composition. Imaging Raman spectroscopy is used to visualize the eddy concentration distribution for various acoustic oscillation conditions, and point Raman spectra are used to quantify eddy compositions. These results, and corresponding numerical simulations, show that each eddy acts as a microchemical trap with size determined by acoustic frequency and the concentration tuned via reagent dosing rate and acoustic amplitude. Low-intensity acoustic streaming flows can serve as microfluidic elements without the need for microfabrication.
Enzymatic properties and action patterns of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris .ALPHA.-amylase. (1982)

Thermoactinomyces vulgaris α-amylase was purified to an electrophoretically homogeneous state, and its properties and action on starch, pullulan, maltooligosaccharides and partial hydrolyzates of pullulan were studied. Both starch-hydrolyzing and pullulan-hydrolyzing activities of the enzyme were inhibited by Al3+, Cu2+, Hg2+, p-chloromercuribenzoate, maltotriitol, panitol, isopanitol and some microbial α-amylase inhibitors to nearly the same extent. Km and Vmax values of the enzyme for short chain amylose (DP=17) and pullulan, Ki values for sugar alcohols and α-amylase inhibitors, and the kinetics of the simultaneous presence of short chain amylose and pullulan supported the view that the hydrolytic action of the enzyme on starch and pullulan is due to a single catalytic site. Action patterns of the enzyme on maltooligosaccharides and partially hydrolyzed pullulan were examined, and it was suggested that this α-amylase can attack some of the (1→6)-α-D-glucosidic linkages in partial hydrolyzates of pullulan as well as (1→4)-α-D-glucosidic linkages in starch and pullulan.
Design and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tubulin Inhibitors as Antimitotic Agents Using a Pharmacophore Binding Model with Tubulin (2006)

Although the structure has been elucidated for the binding of colchicine and podophyllotoxin as potent destabilizer for microtubule formation, very little is known about MDL-27048, a competitive inhibitor for colchicine and podophyllotoxin. The structural basis for the interaction of antimitotic agents with tubulin was investigated by molecular modeling, and we propose binding models for MDL-27048 against tubulin. The proposed model was not only consistent with previous competition experiment data between colchicine and MDL-27048, but further suggested an additional binding cavity on tubulin. Based on this finding from the proposed MDL-tubulin complex, we performed molecular design studies to identify new antimitotic agents. These new chalcone derivatives exerted growth inhibitory effects on all four human hepatoma and one renal epithelial cell lines tested and induced strong cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Furthermore, these compounds exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization in vitro. Therefore, we suggest that the validated MDL-27048 model would serve as a potent platform for designing new molecular entities for anticancer agents targeted to microtubules.
Experimental infection of New Zealand Merino sheep with a suspension of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ( Map ) strain Telford: Kinetics of the immune response, histopathology and Map culture (2016)

A long-term study was undertaken to monitor immune responses, faecal cultures and clinical disease in sheep experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) strain Telford. New Zealand Merino lambs (N=56) were challenged with three oral doses of Map suspension. The lambs were weighed and faecal and blood samples obtained at different time-points. At 63 weeks post-challenge, surviving sheep were euthanised and samples of liver, ileo-caecal valve and mesenteric lymph node were collected for histopathology and Map culture. High IFN-γ and antibody responses were evident as early as 8 weeks post-C1 which persisted until the end of the trial. Approximately 92% of the sheep shed Map in faeces at 36 weeks post-challenge, with the prevalence decreasing to around 40% at the end of the trial. Thirteen sheep progressively lost weight and were euthanised between weeks 32 and 58 post-challenge. Nearly 58% of surviving sheep exhibited histo-pathological lesions in at least one of the three tissues sampled, while 42% showed acid-fast bacilli in at least one tissue. A positive Map culture in at least one tissue was obtained from approximately 85% of sheep. These results indicate that the three doses of Map challenge were highly effective in establishing Johne's disease in NZ Merino lambs.
Transcriptional Profiling of Antigen-Dependent Murine B Cell Differentiation and Memory Formation (2007)

Humoral immunity is characterized by the generation of Ab-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells that can more rapidly generate specific Abs upon Ag exposure than their naive counterparts. To determine the intrinsic differences that distinguish naive and memory B cells and to identify pathways that allow germinal center B cells to differentiate into memory B cells, we compared the transcriptional profiles of highly purified populations of these three cell types along with plasma cells isolated from mice immunized with a T-dependent Ag. The transcriptional profile of memory B cells is similar to that of naive B cells, yet displays several important differences, including increased expression of activation-induced deaminase and several antiapoptotic genes, chemotactic receptors, and costimulatory molecules. Retroviral expression of either Klf2 or Ski, two transcriptional regulators specifically enriched in memory B cells relative to their germinal center precursors, imparted a competitive advantage to Ag receptor and CD40-engaged B cells in vitro. These data suggest that humoral recall responses are more rapid than primary responses due to the expression of a unique transcriptional program by memory B cells that allows them to both be maintained at high frequencies and to detect and rapidly respond to antigenic re-exposure.
Laser Ignition of Standard and Modified 155-mm Howitzer Charges, (1999)

Abstract : Laser ignition experiments have been performed using the M198 towed howitzer as the test bed. The first component was to evaluate the performance of two modified M3A1 bag charges, each of which had the standard igniter pad replaced with a propellant-filled tube designed to pressurize rapidly and generate sufficient gas and pressure for prompt ignition. These experiments were successful but not remarkable, with ignition times faster than the average for clean-burning igniter (CBI) pad ignition. Along with these rounds, standard rounds were fired to gain more experience with laser ignition of the M198 in preparation for interfacing a digital fire control computer with the laser ignition system. All these experiments were done with a pulsed neo-dymium: ytterbium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser similar to the one developed for the XM297 connon. In the third part of the program, a continuous semiconductor diode laser was used to ignite five Zone 3 modular artillery cannon system (MACS) charges. Delay times from 355 to 733 ms were recorded. No degradation of the laser was noted from shock/vibration effects.
Artificial Antibodies for Affinity Chromatography of Homologous Proteins: Application to Blood Clotting Proteins (1998)

A method to readily isolate antibodies that bind to only one member of a family of homologous proteins is described. A library of different single chain antibody fragments can be displayed on the surface of a bacteriophage vector. Individual antibodies from this library recognizing a particular protein from a family of homologous proteins can be readily isolated by a two-step affinity screening process. In the first step antibodies which bind specifically to the undesired proteins or to homologous regions of the proteins are removed. In the second step, those antibodies specifically recognizing the desired protein are then isolated. Using this procedure and starting with a naive antibody library, a single chain antibody fragment specific to the blood clotting protein, Protein C, which did not recognize either of the homologous proteins, Factor IX or Factor X, was isolated. Similarly an antibody specific to Factor IX, but not Factor X or Protein C, was also isolated. The isolated antibodies can be readily produced, purified, and affixed to sepharose beads for affinity chromatography of the blood clotting factors. One of the key advantages to this procedure over conventional monoclonal antibody isolation is that the antibodies are isolated and produced in vitro so a broad range of related proteins, toxins, viruses, or other products can be targeted.
A Second-Generation Approach to Service of Electronic Systems (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The heavy duty trucking industry is in need of a revised strategy for supporting electronic diesel engine controls. This paper outlines an approach to diagnostics that not only utilizes existing tools but also introduces several concepts that can be used to improve today's situation. The following key areas are examined: tools supported by engine manufacturers, procedures to update these tools in the field and techniques which can be employed to facilitate more standard support for the entire industry. This approach is not intended to revolutionize the way service and diagnostics are handled today but rather to suggest practical enhancements to already-established support systems in a way that is realistic and achievable.</div>
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Course Recommendation in MOOCs (2019)

The proliferation of massive open online courses (MOOCs) demands an effective way of personalized course recommendation. The recent attention-based recommendation models can distinguish the effects of different historical courses when recommending different target courses. However, when a user has interests in many different courses, the attention mechanism will perform poorly as the effects of the contributing courses are diluted by diverse historical courses. To address such a challenge, we propose a hierarchical reinforcement learning algorithm to revise the user profiles and tune the course recommendation model on the revised profiles.Systematically, we evaluate the proposed model on a real dataset consisting of 1,302 courses, 82,535 users and 458,454 user enrolled behaviors, which were collected from XuetangX—one of the largest MOOCs in China. Experimental results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art recommendation models (improving 5.02% to 18.95% in terms of HR@10).
Inflammatory Alterations of the Extracellular Matrix in the Tumor Microenvironment (2011)

Complex interactions between cancer cells and host stromal cells result in the formation of the "tumor microenvironment", where inflammatory alterations involve the infiltration of tumor-associated fibroblasts and inflammatory leukocytes that contribute to the acquisition of malignant characteristics, such as increased cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and avoidance of adaptive immunity. The microenvironment of a solid tumor is comprised not only of cellular compartments, but also of bioactive substances, including cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM can act as a scaffold for cell migration, a reservoir for cytokines and growth factors, and a signal through receptor binding. During inflammation, ECM components and their degraded fragments act directly and indirectly as inflammatory stimuli in certain cases and regulate the functions of inflammatory and immune cells. One such ECM component, hyaluronan, has recently been implicated to modulate innate immune cell function through pattern recognition toll-like receptors and accelerate the recruitment and activation of tumor-associated macrophages in inflamed cancers. Here, we will summarize the molecular mechanism linking inflammation with ECM remodeling in the tumor microenvironment, with a particular emphasis on the role of hyaluronan in controlling the inflammatory response.
Functional roles of nucleosome stability and dynamics (2014)

Nucleosome is a histone-DNA complex known as the fundamental repeating unit of chromatin. Up to 90% of eukaryotic DNA is wrapped around consecutive octamers made of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Nucleosome positioning affects numerous cellular processes that require robust and timely access to genomic DNA, which is packaged into the tight confines of the cell nucleus. In living cells, nucleosome positions are determined by intrinsic histone-DNA sequence preferences, competition between histones and other DNA-binding proteins for genomic sequence, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers. We discuss the major energetic contributions to nucleosome formation and remodeling, focusing especially on partial DNA unwrapping off the histone octamer surface. DNA unwrapping enables efficient access to nucleosome-buried binding sites and mediates rapid nucleosome removal through concerted action of two or more DNA-binding factors. High-resolution, genome-scale maps of distances between neighboring nucleosomes have shown that DNA unwrapping and nucleosome crowding (mutual invasion of nucleosome territories) are much more common than previously thought. Ultimately, constraints imposed by nucleosome energetics on the rates of ATP-dependent and spontaneous chromatin remodeling determine nucleosome occupancy genome-wide, and shape pathways of cellular response to environmental stresses.
SdrX, a Serine-Aspartate Repeat Protein Expressed by <i>Staphylococcus capitis</i> with Collagen VI Binding Activity (2004)

Staphylococcus capitis (S. capitis) has been implicated in a large proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections in very-low-birth-weight infants. To identify potential therapeutic targets, the S. capitis genome was probed for the presence of genes encoding microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMM). By using Southern blot analysis, an S. capitis gene, designated sdrX, that contained sequence motifs consistent with the Sdr family of MSCRAMM proteins was identified. By using monospecific antisera in Western blot and flow cytometry, SdrX was demonstrated to be expressed on the surface of S. capitis. Human collagen type VI was found to bind both the recombinant A domain of SdrX and viable S. capitis expressing SdrX. SdrX is the first collagen-binding Sdr protein described and is the first MSCRAMM protein identified in S. capitis.
A high-accuracy optical current transducer for electric power systems (1990)

An optical current transducer (OCT) employing a new, simple technique to measure electric current has been developed. The technique is based on a fundamental analysis of the Faraday effect. The disturbing effects of temperature on the glass sensing element can be overcome. By aligning the transmission axis of the polarizer at specific angles, it is shown that the OCT's output is independent of temperature. High-accuracy measurements are thereby possible over a wide range of temperatures. Two practical OCT designs for extra-high-voltage power systems are compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A human anti‐D monoclonal antibody selected for enhanced FcγRIII engagement clears RhD<sup>+</sup> autologous red cells in human volunteers as efficiently as polyclonal anti‐D antibodies (2008)

A human anti-RhD immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), R297, was tested in a phase I study to assess its ability to induce the clearance of antibody-coated autologous RhD+ red blood cells (RBCs) in healthy male volunteers. The clearance potency of R297 was compared with that of a marketed human polyclonal anti-D product (Rhophylac). This mAb has been selected for its ability to strongly engage Fc-gamma receptor IIIA and to mediate a potent antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) against RhD+ RBCs. Autologous RhD+ RBCs were sensitized with either Rhophylac or R297 at three different coating percentages (25, 12.5 and 6.25%), before re-infusion. This phase I study showed that the human R297 mAb promoted rapid and complete clearance of RBCs, and showed activity that was at least as potent as the human polyclonal anti-D antibody preparation. Clearance of RBCs could still be observed when the percentage of R297 used to coat the RBCs was reduced to 6.25%. Finally, none of the adverse events was severe or considered to be related to R297. Thus, R297 is a promising candidate for the prevention of allo-immunization and represents a new generation of Fc-modified monoclonal antibodies with increased FcgammaRIII binding and increased ADCC.