gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pigment removal from canola oil using chlorophyllase (1987)

Abstract Frost‐damaged or prematurely harvested canola seed (rapeseed) may yield oil with a high chlorophyll content (50–60 µg/ml). Enzymatic hydrolysis of chlorophyll, added to buffer/surfactant, buffer/acetone or buffer/acetone/canola oil, to produce water‐soluble chlorophyllide (green pigment) was studied using a crude chlorophyllase preparation (acetone‐dried chloroplasts) from 15 to 20‐day‐old sugar beet seedlings. In buffer/surfactant, the optimum pH for enzyme activity was temperature dependent. At 30 C and 0.24% Triton X‐100 (or 30% acetone), chlorophyllase showed maximum activity toward a crude chlorophyll preparation over the range of pH 8–10. At 60 C, the activity was more than twofold higher, with a sharp maximum at ∼pH 8. Mg 2+ enhanced the activity with an optimal concentration of 50 mM. At pH 7.5, 50 C and in the presence of only 6% acetone, the enzyme showed high affinity for chlorophyll (Km=15µM or 13.5 µg/ml), suggesting that the natural chlorophyll concentrations found in green canola oils might facilitate high enzymatic efficiencies. The crude enzyme was stable in buffer/acetone at pH 7.5 and 50 C for at least two hr. With acetone concentrations as low as 6%, maximum enzyme activities in buffer and buffer/canola oil required intensive mixing (homogenization) of the various substrate, enzyme and liquid phases. In general, the rate and extent of chlorophyll hydrolysis were greater in buffer than in buffer/oil. In both reaction systems, chlorophyll hydrolysis slowed down with time due to accumulation of phytol, which proved to be a competitive inhibitor (K i =11 µM or 3.3 µg/ml). The other hydrolysis product, chlorophyllide, did not affect enzymatic activity. Crude canola oil used in the reconstitution of green oil did not support enzymatic chlorophyll hydrolysis without prior degumming and desoaping. The optimum buffer/oil ratio of the reaction mixtures was above 2/1 (v/v).
Comparison of Furadantin and Tetracycline in Prevention of Experimental Pyelonephritis (1961)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jan 1961Comparison of Furadantin and Tetracycline in Prevention of Experimental Pyelonephritis Arjan D. Amar Arjan D. AmarArjan D. Amar More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)65289-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1961 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 85Issue 1January 1961Page: 89-91 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1961 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Arjan D. Amar More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Gene Expression Profiling of Metabolism-Related Genes between Top Round and Loin Muscle of Korean Cattle (Hanwoo) (2009)

Using differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we detected 11 differentially expressed genes between top round and loin muscle in Korean cattle (Hanwoo). In the loin muscle, the lightness (L*) value (P<0.01) and marbling fat content (P<0.01), which are important factors in determining meat quality, were higher than in top round muscle. Three of the 11 genes were validated as significant genes between two types of muscle by real-time polymerase chain reaction (P<0.05). To determine whether the three genes were associated with meat quality traits, a regression analysis was preformed. The result demonstrated that two genes (NADH dehydrogenase 2 and cytochrome oxidase III), which are involved in oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, were significantly correlated with marbling fat content in the loin muscle (P<0.01), while two genes were not significant with marbling fat content in top round muscle. No significant effects for two genes on other meat quality traits such as meat color (redness and yellowness value), Warner-Bratzler shear force, and water-holding capacity were detected in this study.
Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives. VII (1956)

The formation of 3-hydroxy-2, 4-lutidine by the application of acetic anhydride to 2, 4-lutidine-1-oxide was found to have been erroneous. The product was found to be 5-hydroxy-2, 4-lutidine by later syntheses of 3- and 5-hydroxy-2, 4-lutidine by the nitration of 2, 4-lutidine and reduction and diazotization of the 3- and 5-nitro-2, 4-lutidines obtained, after each had been isolated. Diazotization of 3- and 5-amino-2, 4-lutidine afforded, besides the phenolic bases, 3H-1, 2, 6-triaza-7-methylindene from the 3-nitro compound and 3H-1, 2, 6-triaza-5-methylindene from the 5-nitro compound.
An internal cusp reflector for an evacuated tubular heat pipe solar thermal collector (1977)

Abstract This study involves the optical analysis of a slightly concentrating, symmetric cusp reflector inside a tubular glass envelope with a cylindrical heat pipe as the solar absorber. The basic design features of this non-tracking, evacuated, modular collector and the principles of heat removal are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Differential equations of the cusp reflector optics, given the geometrical restrictions in Figs. 1 and 2, are derived, and solutions for the largest possible aperture inside a given diameter envelope and acceptance angle are presented. As an extension of the same study, the optical efficiency of a single collector tube has been simulated by means of a Monte Carlo Ray-Tracing Program. For a concentration ratio of 1.15, the flux distribution around the heat pipe is computed as a function of incidence angle. In addition, the impact of mirror defects and absorber misalignment on the optical performance are analyzed.
A Novel Three Stage Drive Circuit for IGBT (2006)

IGBT is widely applied in converter circuit because of its highly switching speed and easy driving, which brings severe electromagnetic interference (EMI). High and low of the gate drive circuit performance affects the level of EMI. This paper proposed a novel three stage gate control technology for IGBT. It is based on an optimal combination of several requirements necessary for good switching performance under snubberless operation conditions. The control scheme specifically combines together the slow drive requirements for low electromagnetic interference and switching stress and the fast drive requirements for high-speed switching and low switching losses. The gate drive can also effectively dampen current and voltage oscillations generated during turn-on and turn-off respectively. This paper looks at the conflicting requirements of the conventional gate drive circuit design and demonstrates using experimental results that the proposed three-stage gate drive scheme obtains an optimal between switching speed, power dissipation and electromagnetic interference
A template-confined fabrication of controllable gold nanoparticles based on the two-dimensional nanostructure of macrocycles (2015)

An amine-substituted macrocycle , a rigid hexagonal ring, self-assembled into network architecture on the surface, which could be used as a molecular template to directly fabricate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with narrow size distribution (2.2 ± 0.1 nm). This work demonstrated a new pathway for the formation of controllable AuNPs on the surface.
Coordinates of fiscal policy in times of crisis and their efficiency (2015)

The paper treats the fiscal policy in the preceding years, but during the economic crisis. Also the Laffer curve for Romania was determined, putting into evidence the Romanian fiscal policy incoherence.
A backside via process for thermal resistance improvement demonstrated using GaAs HBTs (2003)

The authors report a method for reducing the operating temperatures of GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) to acceptable levels, while maintaining the compact device layout needed for high-frequency operation. A structure called backside thermal via is formed by selectively etching nearly all of the GaAs from the back side of the wafer in photolithographically patterned regions, directly under the heat sources, until a five-micron membrane of GaAs remains. Gold is then plated onto the membrane. For one particular transistor design, a greater than 50% reduction of the thermal resistance has been measured. Models suggest that even greater improvement in thermal properties will be obtained as device active area increases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enantioselective transport of R-clenbuterol through a bulk liquid membrane containing O,O'-dibenzoyl-(2S, 3S)-tartaric (2007)

A method of bulk liquid membrane (BLM) using O, O'-dibenzoyl-(2S, 3S)-tartaric acid was developed for the enantioselective transport of racemic clenbuterol. The influence of buffer pH, concentration ratio of chiral carrier to clenbuterol were studied. It was an appropriate choice of such as pH 7 in aqueous solution and concentration ratio of 1:4. The model of kinetic transport was established by means of a kinetic model involving two consecutive irreversible first order reactions. The pseudo-first order apparent rate constants were determined. It is helpful for optimizing the transport of BLM systems and realizing the large-scale production of pure enantiomer.
Survival of<i>Xanthomonas fragariae</i>on Strawberry in Summer Nurseries in Florida Detected by Specific Primers and Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (1996)

Genomic DNA from strain XF1425 of Xanthomonas fragariae was amplified with primers RST2 and RST3 from the hrp-gene region of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was sequenced. Four primers were selected at sites unique to X. fragariae, which were identified by comparison with the sequences of PCR products amplified by the same primers from DNA of three strains of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. Three primers were specific for amplification of DNA from X. fragariae but not from strains of 16 pathovars of X. campestris or nonpathogenic xanthomonads from strawberry. Bacteria were detected at approximately 10 4 to 10 5 CFU/ml by a single round of PCR. A nested PCR technique enabled detection to approximately 18 cells. Restriction endonuclease digestion patterns of the PCR product were unique to X. fragariae and confirmed amplification of DNA from the target organism. Bacteria were detected from symptomatic and asymptomatic plant tissue by the nested technique. From strawberry plants inoculated with a rifampicin-resistant strain of X. fragariae and planted in the field in Florida, bacteria were detected by nested PCR and by recovery onto media at 2-week intervals for 92 days after planting. Daughter plants of the inoculated plants were positive for X. fragariae by nested PCR amplification, indicating that X. fragariae survived on plants in summer nurseries in Florida and was disseminated to daughter plants.
A new approach to traction control of EV based on maximum effective torque estimation (2008)

This paper presents a new control algorithm that prevents wheel skidding of electric vehicles in the presence of uncertainties in tire-road conditions. An estimator of the maximum effective torque is realized by wheel velocity and input torque, which is based on a purely kinematic relationship between the wheel and the chassis. In order to enhance the stability of the control system and preserve handling performance for the driver, a half-closed loop controller makes use of the estimated result to restrain the maximum torque output to the wheels. Simulation and experimental results indicate that this is an effective and practical approach to prevent slip.
Micromachined microwave transmission lines in CMOS technology (1997)

Coplanar waveguides were designed and fabricated through a commercial CMOS process with post-processing micromachining. The transmission-line layouts were designed with commercial computer-aided design (CAD) tools. Integrated circuits (ICs) were fabricated through the MOSIS service, and subsequently suspended by top-side etching. The absence of the lossy silicon substrate after etching results in significantly improved insertion-loss characteristics, dispersion characteristics, and phase velocity. Two types of layout are presented for different ranges of characteristic impedance. Measurements of the waveguides both before and after micromachining were performed at frequencies from 1 to 40 GHz using a vector network analyzer and de-embedding techniques, showing improvement of loss characteristics of orders of magnitude. For the entire range of frequencies, for the 50-/spl Omega/ layout, losses do not exceed 4 dB/cm. These losses are mainly due to the small width and thickness of the metal strips. Before etching, losses are as high as 38 dB/cm due to currents in the underlying substrate. Phase velocity in the micromachined transmission lines is close to that in free space.
The growth profile, thermotolerance and biofilm formation of Enterobacter sakazakii grown in infant formula milk (2004)

Enterobacter sakazakii has been associated with infant meningitis through consumption of contaminated IFM. Enterobacter sakazakii is able to grow in IFM during storage at refrigeration temperatures and attach to infant-feeding equipment, which may become reservoirs of infection.
Pose Interpolation for Rolling Shutter Cameras using Non Uniformly Time-Sampled B-splines (2017)

International audience
Reversed Cherenkov-Transition Radiation by a Charge Crossing a Left-Handed Medium Boundary (2009)

We analyze the radiation from a charged particle crossing the boundary between an ordinary medium and a "left-handed" metamaterial. We obtain exact and approximate expressions for the field components and develop algorithms for their computation. The spatial radiation in this system can be separated into three distinct components, corresponding to ordinary transition radiation having a relatively large magnitude, Cherenkov radiation, and reversed Cherenkov-transition radiation (RCTR). The last one is explained by reflection and refraction of reversed Cherenkov radiation at the interface. Conditions for generating of RCTR are obtained. We note properties of this radiation that have potential applications in the detection of charged particles and accelerator beams and for the characterization of metamaterial macroscopic parameters (epsilon, mu).
Logic Performance of 40 nm InAs HEMTs (2007)

We have experimentally evaluated the logic performance of 40 nm InAs HEMTs. For a barrier thickness of 4 nm, we find that 40 nm InAs HEMTs exhibit excellent logic figures of merit and scalability at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = 0.5 V, such as DIBL = 80 mV/V, S = 70 mV/dec, and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 475 GHz. These remarkable results arise from the combination of the outstanding transport properties of InAs channel, and the use of a thin insulator and a thin channel. In addition, these devices exhibit I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratios in excess of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> , revealing that band-to-band tunneling is not a significant concern in our device design. Our InAs HEMTs exhibit an injection velocity at the virtual source point that is a factor of 1.6X higher than state-of-the-art Si n-MOSFETs, in spite of the significantly lower supply voltage.
Interval event stream processing (2009)

Event stream processing (ESP) has become increasingly important in modern applications, ranging from supply chain management to real-time intrusion detection. Existing ESP engines have focused on detecting temporal patterns from instantaneous events, that is, events with no duration. Under such a model, an event instance can only be happening "before", "after" or "at the same time as" another event instance. However, such sequential patterns are inadequate to express the complex temporal relationships in domains such as medical, finance and meteorology, where the events' durations could play an important role.
Attenuated Poxvirus-Based Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Vaccines Given in Infancy Partially Protect Infant and Juvenile Macaques Against Repeated Oral Challenge With Virulent SIV (2005)

An infant macaque model was developed to test pediatric vaccine candidates aimed at reducing HIV transmission through breast-feeding. Infant macaques were given multiple immunizations during the first 3 weeks of life with recombinant poxvirus vaccines expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) structural proteins Gag, Pol, and Env (ALVAC-SIV or modified vaccinia virus Ankara [MVA]-SIV). After repeated daily oral inoculations with virulent SIVmac251 at 4 weeks of age, significantly fewer ALVAC-SIV-immunized infants were infected compared with unimmunized infants. Monkeys not infected after oral challenge in infancy were rechallenged at 16 months of age or older by repeated weekly oral SIV exposure; unimmunized animals were infected after fewer SIV exposures than were animals vaccinated with ALVAC-SIV or MVA-SIV. When infected, ALVAC-SIV- and MVA-SIV-vaccinated animals also had reduced viremia compared with unimmunized animals. The results of these investigations suggest that immunization of human infants with poxvirus-based HIV vaccine candidates may offer protection against early and late HIV infection through breastfeeding.
Wireless-Powered Communications: Performance Analysis and Optimization (2015)

This paper investigates the average throughput of a wireless-powered communications system, where an energy constrained source, powered by a dedicated power beacon (PB), communicates with a destination. It is assumed that the PB is capable of performing channel estimation, digital beamforming, and spectrum sensing as a communication device. Considering a time-splitting approach, the source first harvests energy from the PB equipped with multiple antennas, and then transmits information to the destination. Assuming Nakagami-m fading channels, analytical expressions for the average throughput are derived for two different transmission modes, namely, delay tolerant and delay intolerant. In addition, closed-form solutions for the optimal time split, which maximize the average throughput are obtained in some special cases, i.e., high-transmit power regime and large number of antennas. Finally, the impact of cochannel interference is studied. Numerical and simulation results have shown that increasing the number of transmit antennas at the PB is an effective tool to improve the average throughput and the interference can be potentially exploited to enhance the average throughput, since it can be utilized as an extra source of energy. Also, the impact of fading severity level of the energy transfer link on the average throughput is not significant, especially if the number of PB antennas is large. Finally, it is observed that the source position has a great impact on the average throughput.
Clonidine in mania (1983)

Abstract Hyperactivity of central noradrenergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathophysiology of mania. This theory suggests that clonidine, an antihypertensive medication that decreases the activity of central noradrenergic neurons by presynaptic inhibitory effect, has antimanic properties. We administered clonidine orally in a dosage of 17 μg/kg/day to 11 hypomanic or manic patients. Biegel‐Murphy Manic‐State Rating Scale scores were significantly decreased compared to pretreatment scores at day 10 and day 25 of clonidine treatment (P < .001). Sedation, hypotension, and depression were noted but were not limiting. Though the results of this study are only preliminary, clonidine alone or in combination with lithium may have advantages over neuroleptics in the acute stages of mania, including avoidance of extrapyramidal side effects and risk of tardive dyskinesia.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Desulfitative 6π Electrocyclization: Efficient Synthesis of Diverse 4‐Aminoquinolines (2017)

Abstract The C−C bond formation via C−S bond activation (disclosed in 2000) has received increasing attention. However, stoichiometric amounts of exogenous thiophilic reagents are generally required as thiolate scavengers. Herein, a new model for the synthesis of 4‐aminoquinolines, the copper(II)‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative desulfitative 6π cyclization of the readily available N ‐arylimino ketene N,S ‐acetals is described. The reaction can proceed efficiently under mild conditions without any exogeneous thiolate scavengers (due to the formation of disulfide as the by‐product) to afford diverse 4‐aminoquinolines, a privileged structure motif displaying antimalarial activity, with a wide range of functional groups at the C‐2 to C‐8 positions. magnified image
Regulation of Steroid Hormone Action in Target Cells by Specific Hormone-Inactivating Enzymes (1992)

The target cell sensitivity of steroid hormones is determined by the concerted action of specific hormone receptors and steroid-inactivating enzymes. In recent years, a considerable amount of knowledge has been obtained on hormone receptor concentration-based target cell sensitivity. However, an equal understanding of the role of specific steroid-inactivating enzymes in hormone action is absent. This review highlights the importance of specific steroid-inactivating enzymes in the control of target cell sensitivity of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. Two classes of enzymes that are actively involved in this process are hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases. Some of the target cells in which the critical roles of these enzymes have been extensively characterized are those of the kidney, endometrium, and liver. cDNA for many of these enzymes have already been cloned, and rapid progress in the elucidation of this component of steroid hormone action is anticipated.
Quantification of polymerase chain reaction products in agarose gels with a fluorescent europium chelate as label and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (1993)

We have 5'-end-labeled one polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer with the europium chelator 4,7-bis(chlorosulfophenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid (BCPDA). After performing PCR in the presence of another unlabeled primer, we separated the 362 bp PCR product with 2% low melting point agarose gel electrophoresis. The gel was then immersed into a Eu3+ solution. During soaking, Eu3+ diffuses into the gel and associates with BCPDA to form a fluorescent complex of long fluorescence lifetime. This complex can be quantified by scanning the gel with a time-resolved fluorometric reader. Because BCPDA and Eu3+ are not fluorescent by themselves, background signals are very low. The detection limit was about 5 ng of DNA. We have also shown that the BCPDA-labeled product could be blotted and detected on the membrane by using an anti-BCPDA antibody. These two technologies may find applications other than in PCR, e.g. in fluorescence-based DNA sequencing and in solution hybridization.
Matrix pencil decomposition of time‐resolved proton MRI for robust and improved assessment of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion (2016)

MP decomposition provides an automatic, robust, and more accurate estimation of amplitudes of respiratory and cardiac signal modulations in the lung parenchyma than the contemporary FD technique. Magn Reson Med 77:336-342, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.