gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontogenic activation of a fusion gene introduced into sea urchin eggs. (1987)

Regulatory sequences of a sea urchin cytoskeletal actin gene (CyIIIa) were ligated to the bacterial gene coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT; acetyl-CoA:chloramphenicol O3-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.28) and the construct was injected into unfertilized sea urchin eggs. CAT activity is detected at the early blastula stage, when transcripts of the endogenous CyIIIa gene normally appear. Our measurements show that during activation the amount of CAT enzyme increases at least 100-fold; that there are present in late blastula stage embryos about 5 X 10(5) molecules of CAT mRNA (i.e., approximately 6 times the number of endogenous CyIIIa mRNAs); and that within the range studied the amount of CAT enzyme produced is independent of the number of CyIIIa-CAT genes incorporated per embryo, probably because the genes are present in excess of factors required for their activation. Activation of the CyIIIa-CAT construct is seriously inhibited, or abolished, by successive deletions of upstream CyIIIa sequences.
The Preparation of Borazole and its Reactions with Boron Halides<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Borazole and its Reactions with Boron Halides1George W. Schaeffer, Riley Schaeffer, and H. I. SchlesingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 4, 1612–1614Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01148a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01148a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coordination Chemistry of Amine Bis(phenolate) Titanium Complexes:  Tuning Complex Type and Structure by Ligand Modification (2001)

The coordination chemistry of titanium(IV) complexes of amine bis(phenolate) ligands was investigated by synthesizing various types of complexes and analyzing them specroscopically and structurally. Steric effects of tridentate [ONO]- and tetradentate [ONNO]-type ligands were studied by reacting the ligand precursors with titanium tetra(isopropoxide). [ONNO]-type ligands featuring an amine donor located on a pendant arm led to octahedral bis(isopropoxide) complexes, regardless of the steric bulk around the metal. Several such complexes having varying steric crowding were thus synthesized. On the other hand, steric effects were found to play a major role in determining the complex constitution when [ONO]-type ligands, featuring no side donor, were involved. Relatively sterically undemanding ligands led to octahedral bis(homoleptic) complexes, whereas increased steric bulk resulted in the formation of pentacoordinate bis(isopropoxide) complexes. These pentacoordinate complexes readily lead to bis(heteroleptic) complexes by reaction with nonsterically demanding [ONO]- and [ONNO]-type ligand precursors. In the latter case the sidearm nitrogen remains uncoordinated to the metal. The bis(isopropoxide) complexes of the [ONNO]-type ligands may also lead to bis(heteroleptic) complexes, however, these reactions are much slower.
Microstructural Development in Partially Stabilized ZrO <sub>2</sub> in the System CaO‐ZrO <sub>2</sub> (1974)

The microstructures of 3 zirconias partially stabilized with CaO were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and qualitative and quantitative X‐ray analysis. The structure was closely related to the heat treatments involved in fabrication. A bimodal structure with small grains of pure ZrO 2 dispersed along the grain boundaries of larger cubic solid‐solution grains developed during slow cooling from 1850° to 1300°C. The presence of a liquid phase greatly enhances the growth of the pure ZrO 2 phase. An anneal at 1300°C induces precipitation of fine ZrO 2 particles within the solid‐solution grains. The relative mechanical strengths of the materials are explained in terms of the weakening of the grain boundaries associated with the transformation of the grain‐boundary phase on cooling.
Using Pressure Decay Methodology to Detect Glovebox Glove Failures (2007)

At the Los Alamos National Laboratory Plutonium’s Facility (TA-55), various isotopes of plutonium along with other actinides are handled in a glove box environment. Data collected from 700 unplanned openings in the glovebox environment indicate that 40% of these ruptures are glove failures, openings in the glove caused by degradation of the mechanical properties over time, e.g. exposure to chemicals and nuclear materials. The primary means of minimizing these types of glove failures is through a robust glove inspection program. Through a collaborative effort with Getinge La Calhe`ne, we have beta-tested their In-situ Glove Leak Tester (GLT2) in an active ventilation glovebox environment. This instrument tests glovebox gloves in place and uses pressure decay methodology, to tests up to four gloves at a time, in less than 5 minutes per test, and provides documentation of each test. While the GLT2 has been successful in static pressure enclosures that are possible in the pharmaceutical industry, the uninterruptible active negative pressure gloveboxes used in the nuclear industry present a new set of issues. In the following report, these issues are addressed and the limits of this technology defined, with the end result being that waste generated from glove failures has been minimized.
High-density broadband true-time-delay unit on a single substrate (1997)

High packing density true-time-delay lines based on substrate guided wave propagation combined with slanted volume phase grating fanout couplers are reported. Three-bit delay lines with delay step of approximately 100 ps are fabricated on BK-7 substrates with a substrate bouncing angle of 45 degrees. The fanout power fluctuation problem is experimentally investigated. An ultrashort laser pulse is sent through the device and a bandwidth measurement of 2.5 THz is obtained. The 100 ps delay step is also measured by employing an ultrafast MSM-photodetector together with a sampling scope. Optically heterodyned signals up to 25 GHz also are detected through the delay unit with a signal-to- noise ratio of 20 dB.
Complete structure determination of the A chain of mistletoe lectin III from<i>Viscum album</i>L. ssp.<i>album</i> (2003)

The complete primary structure of the A chain of mistletoe lectin III (ML3A), a type II ribosome-inactivating protein, was determined using proteolytic digests of ML3A, HPLC separation of the peptides, Edman degration and MALDI-MS. Based on our results, ML3A consists of 254 amino acid residues, showing a high homology to the A chain of isolectin ML1 with only 24 amino acid residue exchanges. A striking important structural difference compared with ML1A is the lack of the single N-glycosylation site in ML3A due to an amino acid exchange at position 112 (ML1A: NL112GS ==> ML3A: T112GS). The alignment of ML3A with the A chains of ML1, isoabrins, ricin D, Ricinus communis agglutinin and three lectins, identified from the Korean mistletoe Viscum album ssp. coloratum, demonstrates the rigid conservation of all amino acid residues, responsible for the RNA-N-glycosidase activity as reported for ricin D. In addition, the fully determined primary structure of ML3A will give further information about the biological mechanism of mistletoe lectin therapy.
A curated mammography data set for use in computer-aided detection and diagnosis research (2017)

Published research results are difficult to replicate due to the lack of a standard evaluation data set in the area of decision support systems in mammography; most computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) and detection (CADe) algorithms for breast cancer in mammography are evaluated on private data sets or on unspecified subsets of public databases. This causes an inability to directly compare the performance of methods or to replicate prior results. We seek to resolve this substantial challenge by releasing an updated and standardized version of the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) for evaluation of future CADx and CADe systems (sometimes referred to generally as CAD) research in mammography. Our data set, the CBIS-DDSM (Curated Breast Imaging Subset of DDSM), includes decompressed images, data selection and curation by trained mammographers, updated mass segmentation and bounding boxes, and pathologic diagnosis for training data, formatted similarly to modern computer vision data sets. The data set contains 753 calcification cases and 891 mass cases, providing a data-set size capable of analyzing decision support systems in mammography.
Modeling isotopomer distributions in biochemical networks using isotopomer mapping matrices (1997)

Within the last decades NMR spectroscopy has undergone tremendous development and has become a powerful analytical tool for the investigation of intracellular flux distributions in biochemical networks using (13)C-labeled substrates. Not only are the experiments much easier to conduct than experiments employing radioactive tracer elements, but NMR spectroscopy also provides additional information on the labeling pattern of the metabolites. Whereas the maximum amount of information obtainable with (14)C-labeled substrates is the fractional enrichment in the individual carbon atom positions, NMR spectroscopy can also provide information on the degree of labeling at neighboring carbon atom positions by analyzing multiplet patterns in NMR spectra or using 2-dimensional NMR spectra. It is possible to quantify the mole fractions of molecules that show a specific labeling pattern, i.e., information of the isotopomer distribution in metabolite pools can be obtained. The isotopomer distribution is the maximum amount of information that in theory can be obtained from (13)C-tracer studies. The wealth of information contained in NMR spectra frequently leads to overdetermined algebraic systems. Consequently, fluxes must be estimated by nonlinear least squares analysis, in which experimental labeling data is compared with simulated steady state isotopomer distributions. Hence, mathematical models are required to compute the steady state isotopomer distribution as a function of a given set of steady state fluxes. Because 2(n) possible labeling patterns exist in a molecule of n carbon atoms, and each pattern corresponds to a separate state in the isotopomer model, these models are inherently complex. Model complexity, so far, has restricted usage of isotopomer information to relatively small metabolic networks. A general methodology for the formulation of isotopomer models is described. The model complexity of isotopomer models is reduced to that of classical metabolic models by expressing the 2(n) isotopomer mass balances of a metabolite pool in a single matrix equation. Using this approach an isotopomer model has been implemented that describes label distribution in primary carbon metabolism, i.e., in a metabolic network including the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas and pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and selected anaplerotic reaction sequences. The model calculates the steady state label distribution in all metabolite pools as a function of the steady state fluxes and is applied to demonstrate the effect of selected anaplerotic fluxes on the labeling pattern of the pathway intermediates.
The Prenatal and Postnatal Incidence of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) Detected by Ultrasound (2016)

Purpose: Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common anomalies identified in newborns. This study aims to demonstrate the prevalence of CAKUT including hydronephrosis diagnosed by antenatal and postnatal ultrasound over a five-year period. Methods: The records of births between May 1st, 2009 and April 30th, 2014 at our hospital were collected. The number of infants who underwent renal ultrasound after birth for the detection of CAKUT was counted. The incidence of each type of CAKUT such as hydronephrosis, size abnormality, horseshoe kidney, and Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) was retrospectively evaluated for antenatal screening and postnatal follow-up examination. Results: During the study period, 33,276 infants were born and 521 neonates underwent postnatal renal ultrasound. 183 cases of CAKUT were detected prenatally and 140 postnatally using ultrasonographic examinations at the following time: (i) 3-7 days postnatally in 123 newborns (87.9%), (ii) during 1-3 months in 11 newborns (7.9%), and (iii) later than 3 months in 6 newborns (4.3%). Among diagnosed CAKUT, hydronephrosis was the most common anomaly with 113 newborns diagnosed prenatally and 46 postnatally. Duplex kidney was the second most common anomaly followed by horseshoe kidney, simple cysts in the kidney and so on. Conclusion: The detection of CAKUT is an important part of the prenatal ultrasound. This study analyzed the prevalence of CAKUT detected on prenatal screening and compared the results to those detected postnatally. Prenatal ultrasound screening fulfills the needs of postnatal examinations and therefore, both antenatal and postnatal sonographic investigations are of vital importance for diagnosis of renal and urinary tract anomalies.
An Efficient Synthesis of the Plant Hormone Abscisic Acid (2003)

An efficient stereospecific synthesis of the plant hormone ( RS)-abscisic acid from the readily available 4-oxoisophorone, trimethylsilylacetylene and ethyl but-2-ynoate, is described.
Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolism after Global Ischemia: Treatment by Ventriculocisternal Perfusion with a Fluorocarbon Emulsion (1990)

The local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (LCMRg) was measured in cats subjected to global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Control (nonperfused) cats showed decreased LCMRg (P < 0.01) in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortex 9.5 hours after a 10-minute exposure to GCI. Cats perfused ventriculocisternally with oxygenated nutrient solution (ONS) for 8 hours showed significant increases in the LCMRg (P < 0.05) at 9.5 hours postischemia in the parietal and occipital areas over the levels found in untreated ischemic cats. Supplementing the ONS perfusion medium with fluorocarbon (OFNS) increased the LCMRg (P < 0.05) in the frontal, as well as the parietal and occipital areas, over that seen in untreated ischemic brains. The increase of LCMRg in three (rather than only two) cortical areas may be a result of the ability of the fluorocarbon in OFNS to deliver greater quantities of oxygen to the brain than ONS without fluorocarbon. Perfusion with OFNS without glucose, or with low (50 mg%) glucose, was more effective than OFNS with high (200 mg%) glucose in restoring LCMRg to normal in all four cortical areas affected by GCI. In five brain areas not affected by GCI, perfusion with OFNS having no glucose significantly increased LCMRg as compared to normal animals. This study demonstrates that OFNS perfused by the ventriculocisternal route can restore toward normal the LCMRg following GCI and that different concentrations of glucose in the perfusing fluid will have variable effects on LCMRg in certain brain areas. (Neurosurgery 26:480-488, 1990)
Data-driven forecasting algorithms for building energy consumption (2013)

This paper introduces two forecasting methods for building energy consumption data that are recorded from smart meters in high resolution. For utility companies, it is important to reliably forecast the aggregate consumption profile to determine energy supply for the next day and prevent any crisis. The proposed methods involve forecasting individual load on the basis of their measurement history and weather data without using complicated models of building system. The first method is most efficient for a very short-term prediction, such as the prediction period of one hour, and uses a simple adaptive time-series model. For a longer-term prediction, a nonparametric Gaussian process has been applied to forecast the load profiles and their uncertainty bounds to predict a day-ahead. These methods are computationally simple and adaptive and thus suitable for analyzing a large set of data whose pattern changes over the time. These forecasting methods are applied to several sets of building energy consumption data for lighting and heating-ventilation-air-conditioning (HVAC) systems collected from a campus building at Stanford University. The measurements are collected every minute, and corresponding weather data are provided hourly. The results show that the proposed algorithms can predict those energy consumption data with high accuracy.
Threat of plastic pollution to seabirds is global, pervasive, and increasing (2015)

Plastic pollution in the ocean is a global concern; concentrations reach 580,000 pieces per km(2) and production is increasing exponentially. Although a large number of empirical studies provide emerging evidence of impacts to wildlife, there has been little systematic assessment of risk. We performed a spatial risk analysis using predicted debris distributions and ranges for 186 seabird species to model debris exposure. We adjusted the model using published data on plastic ingestion by seabirds. Eighty of 135 (59%) species with studies reported in the literature between 1962 and 2012 had ingested plastic, and, within those studies, on average 29% of individuals had plastic in their gut. Standardizing the data for time and species, we estimate the ingestion rate would reach 90% of individuals if these studies were conducted today. Using these results from the literature, we tuned our risk model and were able to capture 71% of the variation in plastic ingestion based on a model including exposure, time, study method, and body size. We used this tuned model to predict risk across seabird species at the global scale. The highest area of expected impact occurs at the Southern Ocean boundary in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, which contrasts with previous work identifying this area as having low anthropogenic pressures and concentrations of marine debris. We predict that plastics ingestion is increasing in seabirds, that it will reach 99% of all species by 2050, and that effective waste management can reduce this threat.
TEXTUAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE APOCALYPSE OF BARUCH (1939)

TEXTUAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE APOCALYPSE OF BARUCH Get access FRANK ZIMMERMANN FRANK ZIMMERMANN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-XL, Issue 2, April 1939, Pages 151–156, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-XL.2.151 Published: 01 April 1939
The Role of Toll‐Like Receptor 2 in the Recognition of <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> (2009)

The results of this study highlight the involvement of TLR2 in recognizing A. actinomycetemcomitans and its essential role in controlling A. actinomycetemcomitans infection.
OCT4 Coordinates with WNT Signaling to Pre-pattern Chromatin at the SOX17 Locus during Human ES Cell Differentiation into Definitive Endoderm (2015)

We demonstrate that the pluripotency gene OCT4 has a role in regulating differentiation via Wnt signaling. OCT4 expression levels in human embryonic stem cells increases transiently during the first 24 hr of in vitro differentiation, with OCT4 occupancy increasing at endoderm regulators such as SOX17 and FOXA2. This increased occupancy correlates with loss of the PRC2 complex and the inhibitory histone mark H3K27me3. Knockdown of OCT4 during differentiation inhibits mesendoderm formation and removal of the H3K27me3 mark from the SOX17 promoter, suggesting that OCT4 acts to induce removal of the PRC2 complex. Furthermore, OCT4 and β-catenin can be co-immunoprecipitated upon differentiation, and Wnt stimulation is required for the enhanced OCT4 occupancy and loss of the PRC2 complex from the SOX17 promoter. In conclusion, our study reveals that OCT4, a master regulator of pluripotency, may also collaborate with Wnt signaling to drive endoderm induction by pre-patterning epigenetic markers on endodermal promoters.
Timor-Leste: independent review of the credit component of the community empowerment project (2004)

This review analyzes experience with the Community Empowerment Project (CEP) credit component, and draws a number of lessons and general principles. Credit contributed to a revival of rural economic activities, especially petty trading and the supply of manufactured goods, helping to re-establish markets and stimulating production and marketing of foodstuffs and higher-value crops. While CEP was not a financial sector project, its use of credit to achieve post-conflict reconstruction goals had implications for the revival of financial services. Since the latter was also an important reconstruction goal, CEP had an obligation to avoid compromising the re-establishment of financial services. While a badly-conducted credit program may succeed in reviving business activity, it might do so at an unacceptably high cost in terms of negative impact on the credit culture. Whether significant negative impact has occurred in Timor-Leste as a result of the poor repayment performance of the CEP and Small Enterprise project (SEP) projects may only become apparent as microcredit begins to expand throughout the country.
Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction for Dense Cross-Point Arrays (2015)

Cross-point array (CPA) structure memories using a memristor are attracting a great deal of attention due to their high density integration with a 4F2 cell. However, a common significant drawback of the CPA configuration is crosstalk between cells. To date, the CPA structure using a redox-based memristor has restrictions to minimize the operating current level due to their resistive switching mechanism. This study demonstrates suitable characteristics of a ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) for the memristor of the CPA structure using an electrostatic model. From the FTJ of the Au/p-type Pr0.98Ca0.02MnO3 (4 nm)/BaTiO3 (4.3 nm)/n-type Ca0.98Pr0.02MnO3 (3 nm)/Pt(111) structure, which has a higher and thicker potential barrier, a good memristive effect for the CPA structure with a high nonlinear current-voltage curve and low current operation, was obtained by Δ Fowler-Nordheim tunneling with effectively blocked direct tunneling and thermionic emission. The FTJ demonstrated reduced sneak current and the possible for high nonlinearity.