gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An External Determinant in the S5-P Linker of the Pacemaker (HCN) Channel Identified by Sulfhydryl Modification (2002)

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels underlie spontaneous rhythmic activities in the heart and brain. Sulfhydryl modification of ion channels is a proven approach for studying their structure-function relationships; here we examined the effects of the hydrophilic sulfhydryl-modifying agents methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium (MTSEA(+)) and methanethiosulfonate ethylsulfonate (MTSES(-)) on wild-type (WT) and engineered HCN1 channels. External application of MTSEA(+) to WT channels irreversibly reduced whole-cell currents (I(MTSEA)/I(Control) = 42 +/- 2%), slowed activation and deactivation kinetics ( approximately 7- and approximately 3-fold at -140 and -20 mV, respectively), and produced hyperpolarizing shifts of steady-state activation (V(12)((MTSEA)) = -125.8 +/- 9.0 mV versus V(12)((Control)) = -76.4 +/- 1.6 mV). Sequence inspection revealed the presence of five endogenous cysteines in the transmembrane domains of HCN1: three are putatively close to the extracellular milieu (Cys(303), Cys(318), and Cys(347) in the S5, S5-P, and P segments, respectively), whereas the remaining two are likely to be cytoplasmic or buried. To identify the molecular constituent(s) responsible for the effects of MTSEA(+), we mutated the three "external" cysteines individually to serine. C303S did not yield measurable currents. Whereas C347S channels remained sensitive to MTSEA(+), C318S was not modified (I(MTSEA)/I(Control) = 101 +/- 2%, V(12)((MTSEA)) = -78.4 +/- 1.1 mV, and V(12)((Control)) = -79.8 +/- 2.3 mV). Likewise, WT (but not C318S) channels were sensitive to MTSES(-). Despite their opposite charges, MTSES(-) produced changes directionally similar to those effected by MTSEA(+) (I(MTSES)/I(Control) = 22 +/- 1.6% and V(12)((MTSES)) = -145.9 +/- 4.9 mV). We conclude that S5-P Cys(318) of HCN1 is externally accessible and that the external pore vestibule and activation gating of HCN channels are allosterically coupled.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Titania-Based Binary Metal Oxides:  TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> (1996)

Sol-gel prepared mixtures of silica or zirconia with titania are shown to have significantly higher activities than pure titania for the complete photocatalytic oxidation of ethylene. These higher activities are only apparent when the respective catalysts are stabilized by sintering. The differences become even more pronounced when the catalysts are used in a tubular reactor. Optimum mixture concentrations are found to be 12 wt % zirconia and 16 wt % silica in titania. Both catalyst types exhibit activity maxima with respect to sintering temperature. It is hypothesized that the maxima arise from opposing effects of densification and phase transformation versus beneficial sintering. A comparison of our catalyst compositions with literature in this area suggests that the increase in activity due to the addition of silica or zirconia may be a result of higher surface acidity. However, isoelectric point measurements employing the unsintered and sintered catalysts show no conclusive increase in surface acidity. The effects of sintering temperature on the surface area, porosity, and crystal structure of the catalysts are also presented.
[Apoptosis: physiological cell death and its role in pathogenesis of diseases]. (2004)

Apoptosis is a physiological process of cell death by which a single cell may be eliminated from the living tissue. Since the process is mediated by specific proteins encoded in the host's genome, it is also a programmed cell death. Apoptosis is responsible for tissue remodelling during the development and turnover of normal tissue (e.g. haematopoietic cells) throughout the life span of multicellular organisms. In contrast to cells undergoing a pathological cell death (necrosis), the morphological changes that accompany apoptosis are characterised by condensation of chromatin and cytoplasm and subsequent fragmentation of the cell into small membrane-bound segments called apoptotic bodies. The maintenance of membrane integrity in apoptosis prevents the release of deleterious cytoplasmic substances and the activation of inflammatory responses. Apoptosis can be initiated by a variety of events arising either within the cell (p53) or externally (death receptor ligands engaging specific cell surface receptors of the target cell). Following recognition of the stimuli and clustering of membrane proteins into a death domain, certain cytoplasmic proenzymes are converted to their active form (caspases). After the death effector machinery is activated, the cell enters the irreversible common degradation phase of cytoskeletal disorganisation. Survival proteins (bcl-2 family) control the caspase-driven engine of destruction. Disordered apoptotic process participates in the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as neoplasms, chronic inflammatory or systemic autoimmune diseases, and other conditions.
New experimental data revealing an unexpected dimension to materials science and engineering (2001)

The experimental portion of this paper deals with the use of Intention Imprinted Electrical Devices (IIED's) to significantly alter the measured properties of both inanimate and animate materials. The target materials selected for this study were (1) water, (2) the liver enzyme, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), (3) the main cell energy storage molecule, ATP, and (4) living fruit fly larvae. By comparing the separate influence of two physically identical devices, one unimprinted and the other imprinted via a unique meditative process, a robust influence of human consciousness on these four materials has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the IIED's are shown to produce a “conditioned” space where oscillations in material properties occur. The theoretical portion provides a speculative, but internally self-consistent, quantitative model for explaining this anomalous data. The model requires an expansion of our conventional thermodynamic perspective to embrace the consequences of physics gauge symmetry changes in nature associated with significant inputs from human consciousness.
[Formation and characteristics of an artificial dermis--collagen-chondroitin-6-sulfate membrane]. (1999)

In this study, we extracted type-I collagen from rat tail tendon with acetic acid and then mixed it with chondroitin-6-sulfate to form a collagen-chondroitin-6-sulfate membrane by freeze drying and crosslinking. The result showed that the collagen-chondroitin-6-sulfate membrane was semitransparent, with a network structure, and the pore size was about 100-150 microns. It was also demonstrated that the "dermis" achieved a good adherence to wound and the degradation rate in vitro was markedly decreased by glutaraldehyde crosslinkage.
Nanoplasmonic waveguides: towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits (2015)

The properties of propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) along one-dimensional metal structures have been investigated for more than 10 years and are now well understood. Because of the high confinement of electromagnetic energy, propagating SPPs have been considered to represent one of the best potential ways to construct next-generation circuits that use light to overcome the speed limit of electronics. Many basic plasmonic components have already been developed. In this review, researches on plasmonic waveguides are reviewed from the perspective of plasmonic circuits. Several circuit components are constructed to demonstrate the basic function of an optical digital circuit. In the end of this review, a prototype for an SPP-based nanochip is proposed, and the problems associated with building such plasmonic circuits are discussed. A plasmonic chip that can be practically applied is expected to become available in the near future. The prospects for creating sophisticated nanophotonic circuits by harnessing the opportunities provided by plasmonics are exciting. Yurui Fang and Mengtao Sun from the Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics review recent progress in the development of various components and devices for generating, manipulating and detecting surface plasmon polaritons — tightly confined waves that can be excited by light at the interface between a metal and a dielectric. Their small size offers opportunities for constructing photonic devices that are smaller than the wavelength of light, a major barrier to the miniaturization of optical integrated circuits. Fang and Sun describe how nanoscale waveguides, multiplexers, lasers, high-speed modulators, logic gates and detectors for surface plasmon polaritons are all coming to fruition. They also consider the future prospects of this technology.
Understanding the rate-dependent J–V hysteresis, slow time component, and aging in CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells: the role of a compensated electric field (2015)

Ionic displacement modifying the electric field in the device is found as most likely reason for the hysteresis which is examined by separating fast and slow processes and comparing devices with and without blocking layer.
The Promoter Region of the CTLA4 Gene is Associated with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2001)

The CTLA4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4) gene encodes the T cell receptor involved in the control of T cell proliferation and mediates T cell apoptosis. C-T polymorphism is present at position -318 from the ATG start codon in the promoter region of the gene. We report a study on the polymorphism in 347 unrelated children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) (age at diagnosis 7.2+/-3.8 years) and their 260 healthy siblings as controls. Genotype C/C conferred a risk of type 1 DM (RR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.32-3.10, pc = 0.0033). The gene frequency of the C allele was higher in patients (RR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.28-2.84, pc = 0.0026). The gene frequency and phenotype frequency of the T allele were negatively associated with type 1 DM (RR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.35-0.78, pc = 0.0026 and RR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.32-0.76, pc = 0.0022, respectively). The frequency of genotype C/T was lower in patients (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.78, pc = 0.0051). This study demonstrates that nucleotide -318 C-T polymorphism of the CTLA4 gene is associated with type 1 DM. The promoter allele -318 C confers a risk of type 1 DM but allele -318 T confers protection against this disease.
Molecular weight determination of vinylidene chloride copolymers by gel‐permeation chromatography and viscometry (1976)

Abstract This is the first report on the characterization of several pairs of random copolymers of vinylidene chloride by gel‐permeation chromatography in conjunction with viscometry. Such copolymers have not previously Received much attention, so we first determined the individual viscosity–molecular weight relationship. The K – a values were compared with known values for the parent homopolymers. We then derived calibration curves (different for each composition) and the calculation of the average molecular weight. These results are compared to those obtained by direct methods, without fractionation, and to kinetic observations. This method avoids misinterpretation of viscosity data and elution volume. Chromatograms may indicate heterogeneity of the compounds as related to polymerization conditions.
Structure-taste relationships of L-aspartyl-aminomalonic acid diesters. (1976)

L-Aspartyl-aminomalonic acid diesters are representatives of new group of sweet compounds. Chemical synthesis of the dipeptide esters was effected by coupling carbobenzoxy-β-benzylaspartic acid with an aminomalonic acid diester by the conventional activated ester method, followed by catalytic hydrogenation to remove the protecting groups. Among the 21 products, trans-2-methyl-cyclohexyl, methyl diester was over 5000 times sweeter than sucrose, 2, 6-dimethyl-cyclohexyl, methyldiester was about 5000 times sweeter and fenchyl, methyl diester was over 20000 times sweeter. These compounds appear to be the most potent sweeteners known of either natural or synthetic origin. On the basis of the potencies of the products, structure-taste relations in the C-terminal part of this molecule were discussed in detail.
Cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms (1985)

The cerebral vasomotor reactivity to arterial hypotension and hypocapnia was studied in 34 patients between the 3rd and 13th day after rupture of an intracranial saccular aneurysm. Using the intra-arterial xenon-133 injection method, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were measured. The intraventricular pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate and pH levels were determined. The degree of vasospasm was measured on angiograms taken immediately following the rCBF study. The patients were graded clinically according to the system of Hunt and Hess. Cerebral autoregulation was intact in patients in good clinical condition, but was impaired in patients in poor clinical condition. There was a close correlation between the degree of vasospasm and the degree of autoregulatory impairment, which varied from focal disturbances to global impairment. Intracranial hypertension and CSF lactic acidosis were commonly found in association with vasoparalysis. Cerebrovascular response to hyperventilation was generally preserved, although often reduced. During hyperventilation, the cerebral perfusion pressure became elevated, and increases in CMRO2 were often found, even in patients with severe diffuse spasm and cerebral ischemia. The clinical significance of the results in relation to the treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia and to the use of intraoperative induced hypotension is discussed.
Cloning and expression of a conjugated bile acid hydrolase gene from Lactobacillus plantarum by using a direct plate assay (1992)

The conjugated bile acid hydrolase gene from the silage isolate Lactobacillus plantarum 80 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli MC1061. For the screening of this hydrolase gene within the gene bank, a direct plate assay developed by Dashkevicz and Feighner (M. P. Dashkevicz and S. D. Feighner, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:331-336, 1989) was adapted to the growth requirements of E. coli. Because of hydrolysis and medium acidification, hydrolase-active colonies were surrounded with big halos of precipitated, free bile acids. This phenomenon was also obtained when the gene was cloned into a multicopy shuttle vector and subsequently reintroduced into the parental Lactobacillus strain. The cbh gene and surrounding regions were characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. The deduced amino acid sequence was shown to have 52% similarity with a penicillin V amidase from Bacillus sphaericus. Preliminary characterization of the gene product showed that it is a cholylglycine hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.24) with only slight activity against taurine conjugates. The optimum pH was between 4.7 and 5.5. Optimum temperature ranged from 30 to 45 degrees C. Southern blot analysis indicated that the cloned gene has similarity with genomic DNA of bile acid hydrolase-active Lactobacillus spp. of intestinal origin.
Extremely high efficient UHF power MOSFET for handy transmitter (1983)

A UHF Power MOSFET suitable for use in handy transmitter is reported, which can deliver 5.0W of output power with 72% drain efficiency and 6.0dB gain at 860MHz for 7.5V low supply voltage. A new Power MOSFET is analyzed by two dimensional computer simulation to realize low voltage operation at ultra high frequency. This device has a Bi-Well Structure for low on resistance and small parastic capacitance. For high frequency performance, 1.3µm channel length and metal gate are empolyed. This device has also very wide band frequency characteristics and is able to withstand infinite VSWR. Thus, a UHF Power MOSFET is considered to be a significant candidate for handy telephone, mobile radio and other handy communication systems.
Synthesis and characterization of novel chain‐extended bismaleimides containing fluorenyl cardo structure (2007)

Abstract Novel fluorenyl cardo chain‐extended bismaleimides (FCCEBMIs) were synthesized by reacting maleic anhydride with fluorenyl cardo diamine and different dianhydrides. FCCEBMIs were characterized by FT‐IR spectra (FT‐IR), 1 H NMR, and elemental analysis. All FCCEBMI monomers were readily soluble in a variety of organic solvents, such as N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, N , N ‐dimethyl acetamide, chloroform (CHCl 3 ), methylene chloride (CH 2 Cl 2 ), dimethyl sulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran when compared with 9,9‐bis(4‐maleimidophenyl) fluorene. Curing process was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal properties of the cured FCCEBMIs were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis, the cured products are stable up to 430°C. The results show that the FCCEBMIs with imide structure improve significantly the solubility of bismaleimide (BMI) in organic solvents without sacrificing thermal properties of cured BMIs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Pyrimidine nucleosides. 6. Synthesis and anticancer activities of N4-substituted 2,2'-anhydronucleosides (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrimidine nucleosides. 6. Synthesis and anticancer activities of N4-substituted 2,2'-anhydronucleosidesTadashi Kanai, Motonobu Ichino, Akio Hoshi, Fumihiko Kanzawa, and Kazuo KuretaniCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 10, 1076–1078Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00256a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00256a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Emotion in user interface, voice interaction system (2002)

An approach towards a personalized voice-emotion user interface regardless of the speaker's age, sex or language is presented. An extensive set of carefully chosen utterances provided a speech database for investing acoustic similarities among eight emotional states: (unemotional) neutral, anger, sadness, happiness, disgust, surprised, stressed/troubled and scared. Based on those results, a voice interaction system (VIS) capable of sensing the user's emotional message was developed. In efforts to detect emotions, several primary parameters from human speech were analyzed: pitch, formants, tempo (rhythm) and power of human voice. First the individual basic speaker's voice characteristics were extracted (pitch or/and formants in neutral speech, normal speech rate, neutral speech power) and based on those parameters the emotional message of the subject's utterance was successfully extracted. The VIS interacts with the user while changing its response according to the user's utterances.
Visualization and wake surveys of vortical flow over a delta wing (1988)

An experimental investigation of vortex breakdown on delta wings at high angles of attack is presented. Smoke flow visualization and the laser light sheet technique were used to obtain cross-sectional views of the leading-edge vortices as they break down for a series of flat-plate delta wings having sweep angles of 70, 75, 80, and 85 deg. At low tunnel speeds (as low as 3 m/s), details of the flow that are usually imperceptible or blurred at higher speeds can be clearly seen. A combination of lateral and longitudinal cross-sectional views provides information on the three-dimensional nature of the vortex structure before, during, and after breakdown. Whereas details of the flow are identified in still photographs, the dynamic characteristics of the breakdown process have been recorded using high-speed movies. Velocity measurements have been obtained using a laser Doppler anemometer with the 70 deg delta wing at 30 deg angle of attack. The measurements show that, when breakdown occurs, the core flow is transformed from a jet-like to a wake-like flow.
Perturbation Treatment of the Characteristic Vibrations of Polypeptide Chains in Various Configurations (1960)

A perturbation treatment has been made of localized group vibrations of helical polymer chains. The amide I and II frequencies were derived in terms of adjacent group interactions as well as interchain and intrachain hydrogen bonding interactions. Frequency shifts caused by these interactions depend upon the configuration of polypeptide chains and also upon the chain packing in the crystalline region. Each characteristic vibration of the amide group gives rise to parallel and perpendicular bands. The parallel bands of the α helix of poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate were observed at 1650 cm—1 (amide I) and 1516 cm—1 (amide II) whereas the perpendicular bands were observed at 1652 cm—1 (amide I) and 1546 cm—1 (amide II). Both the parallel-chain and antiparallel-chain pleated sheets exhibit the perpendicular amide I band at ca 1630 cm—1. A characteristic band of β configurations at ca 1690 cm—1 was assigned to the parallel amide I band of the antiparallel-chain pleated sheet.
Hyperoxia and Interferon-γ–Induced Injury in Developing Lungs Occur via Cyclooxygenase-2 and the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Dependent Pathway (2013)

We noted a marked increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) and the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway in newborn murine lung on exposure to hyperoxia and IFN-γ. We sought to evaluate Cox2-mediated ER stress pathway activation in hyperoxia-induced and IFN-γ-mediated injury in developing lungs. We applied in vivo genetic gain-of-function and genetic/chemical inhibition, as well as in vitro loss-of-function genetic strategies. Hyperoxia-induced and IFN-γ-mediated impaired alveolarization was rescued by Cox2 inhibition, using celecoxib. The use of small interfering RNA against the ER stress pathway mediator, the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP; also known as growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153/GADD153), alleviated cell death in alveolar epithelial cells as well as in hyperoxia-induced and IFN-γ-mediated murine models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In addition, CHOP siRNA also restored alveolarization in the in vivo models. Furthermore, as evidence of clinical relevance, we show increased concentrations of Cox2 and ER stress pathway mediators in human lungs with BPD. Cox2, via CHOP, may significantly contribute to the final common pathway of hyperoxia-induced and IFN-γ-mediated injury in developing lungs and human BPD.