gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embryonic Lung Side Population Cells Are Hematopoietic and Vascular Precursors (2005)

Side population (SP) cells are a select cell population identified by a capacity to efflux Hoechst dye that are highly enriched for stem/progenitor cell activity. In this study, we found that SP cells comprised of CD45(+) and CD45(-) subtypes are present in the embryonic lung (E-SP) at levels varying with gestational age. Long-term in vivo competitive blood reconstitution studies demonstrated that hematopoeitic stem cell capacity resided within the CD45(+) E-SP cell subset. Immunophenotyping of CD45(-) E-SP cells determined that this population consists of two subtypes: CD31(-) and CD31(+). Limited gene expression profiling indicated that CD45(-)/CD31(-) E-SP cells have features of smooth muscle precursors, and give rise to smooth muscle in culture. On the other hand, CD45(-)/CD31(+) E-SP cells express genes characteristic of endothelium, but by themselves do not grow or differentiate in culture. Co-culture of CD45(-)/CD31(+) and CD45(-)/CD31(-) E-SP cells, however, resulted in the formation of complex tubular networks that express markers of endothelium. Together, these findings illustrate that embryonic lung SP cells are heterogeneous, composed of hematopoeitic and nonhematopoeitic progenitors, and may play a key role in the formation of the lung vasculature.
Cognitive contributions to gait and falls: Evidence and implications (2013)

Dementia and gait impairments often coexist in older adults and patients with neurodegenerative disease. Both conditions represent independent risk factors for falls. The relationship between cognitive function and gait has recently received increasing attention. Gait is no longer considered merely automated motor activity but rather an activity that requires executive function and attention as well as judgment of external and internal cues. In this review, we intend to: (1) summarize and synthesize the experimental, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging evidence that supports the role played by cognition in the control of gait; and (2) briefly discuss the implications deriving from the interplay between cognition and gait. In recent years, the dual task paradigm has been widely used as an experimental method to explore the interplay between gait and cognition. Several neuropsychological investigations have also demonstrated that walking relies on the use of several cognitive domains, including executive-attentional function, visuospatial abilities, and even memory resources. A number of morphological and functional neuroimaging studies have offered additional evidence supporting the relationship between gait and cognitive resources. Based on the findings from 3 lines of studies, it appears that a growing body of evidence indicates a pivotal role of cognition in gait control and fall prevention. The interplay between higher-order neural function and gait has a number of clinical implications, ranging from integrated assessment tools to possible innovative lines of interventions, including cognitive therapy for falls prevention on one hand and walking program for reducing dementia risk on the other.
A versatile new sensor for Pu assay and independent measurements of neutrons and gamma rays (2002)

A new well counter has been developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory that integrates the neutron capture medium (6LiF) and scintillator (ZnS) into a thin screen, which is coupled to wavelength shifting fiber-optic ribbon. A foursided prototype well counter has been built. It has a short neutron die-away time (t = 5.8 {micro}s), which increases its sensitivity to measurements of 240Pu by neutron coincidence counting. The neutron detection efficiency for this counter is 20%.
The crystal structure of N-oxyphenazine (1961)

Crystals of N-oxyphenazine are monoclinic holohedral, space group C~I~-P21/c with two molecules in the unit cell. The unsymmetrical molecules are statistically arranged about two possible 180 orientations, so giving the crystal a higher symmetry than that normally expected from this asymmetrical molecule.
Ester synthesis from trimethylammonium alcohols in dry organic media catalyzed by immobilized <i>Candida antarctica</i> lipase B (2003)

Twenty-one different organic solvents were assayed as possible reaction media for the synthesis of butyryl esters from trimethylammonium alcohols in dry conditions catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B. The reactions were carried out following a transesterification kinetic approach, using choline and L-carnitine as primary and secondary trimethylammonium alcohols, respectively, and vinyl butyrate as acyl donor. The synthetic activity of the enzyme was strictly dependent on the water content, the position of the hydroxyl group in the trimethylammonium molecule, and the Log P parameter of the assayed solvent. Anhydrous conditions and a high excess of vinyl butyrate over L-carnitine were necessary to synthesize butyryl-L-carnitine. The synthetic reaction rates of butyryl choline were practically 100-fold those of butyryl-L-carnitine with all the assayed solvents. In both cases, the synthetic activity of the enzyme was dependent on the hydrophobicity of the solvent, with the optimal reaction media showing a Log P parameter of between -0.5 and 0.5. In all cases, 2-methyl-2-propanol and 2-methyl-2-butanol were shown to be the best solvents for both their high synthetic activity and negligible loss of enzyme activity after 6 days.
Zernike annular polynomials for imaging systems with annular pupils (1984)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Virendra N. Mahajan, "Zernike annular polynomials for imaging systems with annular pupils," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1, 685-685 (1984) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Differential Expression Profiles of microRNAs in NIH3T3 Cells in Response to UVB Irradiation (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as a kind of small, noncoding RNA, which play an important role in mediating many biological processes such as development, cell proliferation and differentiation in plants and animals. Here we report the differential expression profiles of miRNAs and characterized putative target genes in NIH3T3 cells at a series of different time points after UVB irradiation (compared with no UVB irradiation). The relative expression of mature miRNA genes was determined by miRNA microarray technique and the results were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Potential target genes of these miRNAs were classified into different function categories with the GOstat software (http://gostat.wehi.edu.au/cgi-bin/goStat.pl). Several miRNAs in this study expressed highly at different time points, especially mmu-miR-365 and mmu-miR-21. Three miRNAs were lowly expressed, of which mmu-miR-465 showed low levels of expression at all time points, whereas after 50 J m(-2) UVB irradiation mmu-miR-296 and mmu-miR-376c showed low levels of expression at 6 and 12 h, respectively. Our study provided a basis for the global characterization of UV-regulated miRNA expression.
Augmenting High‐Performance Mobile Cloud Computations for Big Data in AMBER (2018)

Big data is an inspirational area of research that involves best practices used in the industry and academia. Challenging and complex systems are the core requirements for the data collation and analysis of big data. Data analysis approaches and algorithms development are the necessary and essential components of the big data analytics. Big data and high‐performance computing emergent nature help to solve complex and challenging problems. High‐Performance Mobile Cloud Computing (HPMCC) technology contributes to the execution of the intensive computational application at any location independently on laptops using virtual machines. HPMCC technique enables executing computationally extreme scientific tasks on a cloud comprising laptops. Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement (AMBER) with the force fields calculations for molecular dynamics is a computationally hungry task that requires high and computational hardware resources for execution. The core objective of the study is to deliver and provide researchers with a mobile cloud of laptops capable of doing the heavy processing. An innovative execution of AMBER with force field empirical formula using Message Passing Interface (MPI) infrastructure on HPMCC is proposed. It is homogeneous mobile cloud platform comprising a laptop and virtual machines as processors nodes along with dynamic parallelism. Some processes can be executed to distribute and run the task among the various computational nodes. This task‐based and data‐based parallelism is achieved in proposed solution by using a Message Passing Interface. Trace‐based results and graphs will present the significance of the proposed method.
The function and response of an improved stratospheric condensation nucleus counter (1983)

An improved condensation nucleus counter (CNC) for use in the stratosphere is described. The University of Minnesota CNC (UMCNC) has a sequential saturator and condenser and uses n ‐butyl alcohol as the working fluid. The use of a coaxial saturator flow, with aerosol in the center and filtered, alcohol‐laden air around it, speeds the response of this instrument and improves its stability as pressure changes. The counting efficiency has been studied as a function of particle size and pressure. The UMCNC provides an accurate measure of submicron aerosol concentration as long as the number distribution is not dominated by sub 0.02 μm diameter aerosol. The response of the UMCNC is compared with that of other stratospheric condensation nucleus counters, and the results of a (near) comparison with a balloon‐borne condensation nucleus counter are presented. The UMCNC has operated 14 times on a NASA U‐2 aircraft at altitudes from 8 to 21.5 km.
New strategy to improve the mechanical strength and to reduce potential contamination of dielectric materials for double level metal integration (2002)

This work concerns a new strategy for dual damascene Cu/low k integration in order to improve the mechanical strength and to reduce the contamination of the dielectric materials. We introduce the spacer concept in the dual damascene integration scheme with SiLK(R) dielectric. Two materials have been studied as spacers: SiN and TiN. The comparison is based on morphological aspects as well as electrical CD and Kelvin via resistance measurements for different strategies.
Recognition of Dialogue Acts in Multiparty Meetings Using a Switching DBN (2008)

This paper is concerned with the automatic recognition of dialogue acts (DAs) in multiparty conversational speech. We present a joint generative model for DA recognition in which segmentation and classification of DAs are carried out in parallel. Our approach to DA recognition is based on a switching dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) architecture. This generative approach models a set of features, related to lexical content and prosody, and incorporates a weighted interpolated factored language model. The switching DBN coordinates the recognition process by integrating the component models. The factored language model, which is estimated from multiple conversational data corpora, is used in conjunction with additional task-specific language models. In conjunction with this joint generative model, we have also investigated the use of a discriminative approach, based on conditional random fields, to perform a reclassification of the segmented DAs. We have carried out experiments on the AMI corpus of multimodal meeting recordings, using both manually transcribed speech, and the output of an automatic speech recognizer, and using different configurations of the generative model. Our results indicate that the system performs well both on reference and fully automatic transcriptions. A further significant improvement in recognition accuracy is obtained by the application of the discriminative reranking approach based on conditional random fields.
Pelvic Reconstruction with a Structural Pelvic Allograft After Resection of a Malignant Bone Tumor (2007)

Background: Reconstruction of the pelvic arch after resection of a malignant pelvic tumor remains a major surgical challenge because of the high rate of associated complications. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the functional outcome and complication rate following treatment with a bone allograft to reconstruct the pelvis. Methods: Twenty-four consecutive patients underwent excision of a malignant pelvic bone tumor and reconstruction with a pelvic bone allograft. The living patients were followed for a minimum of twenty-four months. There were nineteen primary malignant bone tumors, sixteen of which were high-grade sarcomas, and there were five isolated metastases. Patients were examined clinically and radiographically and were assessed functionally with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score. Results: The mean age of the patients at the time of the index surgery was thirty-four years, and the mean duration of follow-up was forty-one months. Eighteen of the twenty-four resections involved the periacetabular area and were followed by reconstruction either with a hip prosthesis (thirteen) or with an osteochondral allograft alone (five). The six other resections involved the iliac bone. All patients received a massive bone allograft that had been sterilely procured without secondary irradiation. At the time of our last evaluation, eight patients were alive and free of disease. Seven patients had a local recurrence. Neurological deficits were present in six patients, and three had a deep infection. Nonunion of three of the sixteen allografts that could be evaluated was observed. Neither graft fracture nor lysis was observed. Eleven patients underwent surgical revision, with nine of these revisions related to the reconstruction. The average Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score at the time of the latest follow-up was 73% of the maximal possible score. The average score was 82% for the eleven patients with an age of less than twenty years at the time of the index procedure and 65% for the thirteen older patients. Ten patients walked without any assistive device, and five of them had normal function with no or only a slight limp. Conclusions: Pelvic reconstruction after a limb-sparing resection is associated with a high risk of surgical complications and usually should be reserved for patients with a primary bone sarcoma. A pelvic allograft can restore the anatomy and provide good functional results, especially in young patients. Nonunion was the most common allograft-related complication. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
siRNA‐mediated Knockdown of the Heme Synthesis and Degradation Pathways: Modulation of Treatment Effect of 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid‐based Photodynamic Therapy in Urothelial Cancer Cell Lines (2009)

Photodynamic therapy mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) has been developed as a therapeutic modality for refractory superficial bladder cancers. Here, in experiments using urothelial cancer cell lines, we investigated the effects of siRNA modulating heme-synthetic and degradation pathways for ALA-PDT. Targeted knockdown of ferrochelatase (FECH) suppressed heme synthesis and significantly increased intracellular protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation, leading to enhanced phototoxicity in four of five cell lines. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is recognized as important for cytoprotection against oxidative stress such as PDT. Targeted knockdown of HO-1 leads to decreased intracellular PpIX accumulation, resulting in a failure to enhance ALA-PDT effect in four cell lines. Knockdown of HO-1 caused marked growth inhibition in UM-UC-2 overexpressing HO-1, whereas no inhibitory effect was observed in UM-UC-3 lacking HO-1 expression. Moreover, HO-1 protein levels and (GT)n repeat polymorphism of the HO-1 gene promoter region were examined with the implication that the constitutive expressions of HO-1 protein were associated with a shorter (GT)n repeat. Our results suggested that (1) FECH siRNA improved the phototoxicity of ALA-PDT, (2) overexpression of HO-1 was associated with shorter (GT)n repeat of the promoter region, and (3) siRNA-mediated knockdown of HO-1 could suppress the growth of bladder cancer cells overexpressing HO-1.
Cross-Metathesis of Microbial Oils for the Production of Advanced Biofuels and Chemicals (2015)

A range of microbial oils were cross-metathesized with ethene using Hoveyda–Grubbs second-generation catalyst. The products formed from the microbial oils were compared to alternative first- and second-generation oils. Upon separation, three separate fractions were produced: an alkene hydrocarbon fraction or aviation fuel fraction (AFF), a shorter-chain triglyceride fraction that upon transesterification was suitable as a road transport fuel (road transport fraction, RTF), and a volatile short-chain alkene fraction (gas phase fraction, GPF). The fuel fractions were purified through distillation and compared to the relevant fuel standards. Though there was variation for the RTF because of the presence of long-chain saturates, all the RTF produced fell within the ASTM standard for biodiesel. The AFF was found to be highly suitable for aviation, falling entirely within the DEF-STAN fuel standard. In addition, the AFF possessed an energy density higher than that of Jet A-1, whereas 1-decene was found to have an oxidative stability higher than that of jet fuel. Finally, the GPF was found to predominantly contain propene, butene, and pentadiene isomers, all of which have application in the polymer industry. With further development, this process could provide the basis for a microbial oil biorefinery for the production of sustainable biofuels and polymer precursors.
A new low-flow oxygen-conserving cannula. (1987)

Evaluation of a low-flow, oxygen-conserving cannula in 20 hypoxaemic patients has shown that the new device produces equivalent saturation at half and quarter the oxygen flow rate of conventional nasal cannulas, resulting in a substantial saving of oxygen.
Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite/Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
The effect of FK506, an immunosuppressant, on cerebral infarction volume in focal cerebral ischemia in rats. (1997)

The effect of FK 506, an immunosuppressant which is widely used in the transplantation of liver, kidney and bone marrow, on cerebral infarction volume in transient focal ischemia was investigated. Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by 2 h occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery in rats. FK 506 (0.3 mg/kg body weight) and vehicle were administered intravenously immediately after induction of cerebral ischemia. After 24 h reperfusion the rats were sacrificed and brain infarct volume and edema volume were determined. The FK 506 treatment group showed a significantly reduced infarct volume in the cerebral cortex when it was compared with the vehicle treatment group, but infarct volume was not significantly reduced in the striatum which was the ischemic core in this focal ischemia model. However, FK 506 did not reduce the edema volume significantly. These results suggest that the reduction of infarct volume is a result of the neuroprotective effect of FK 506. This immunosuppressant may be useful in the treatment of cerebral infarction.
Failure Prediction of Jobs in Compute Clouds: A Google Cluster Case Study (2014)

Most cloud computing clusters are built from unreliable, commercial off-the-shelf components. The high failure rates in their hardware and software components result in frequent node and application failures. Therefore, it is important to predict application failures before they occur to avoid resource wastage. In this paper, we investigate how to identify application failures based on resource usage measurements from the Google cluster traces. We apply recurrent neural networks to the resource usage measures, and generate features to categorize the input resource usage time series into different classes. Our results show that the model is able to predict failures of batch applications, which are the dominant jobs in the Google cluster. Moreover, we explore early classification to identify failures, and find that the prediction algorithm provides the cloud system enough time to take proactive actions much earlier than the termination of applications, with an average 6% to 10% of resource savings.
Styrene Polymers (2001)

Abstract This article covers all aspects of styrene‐containing plastics and their copolymers, including properties, manufacturing processes, morphology, polymerization chemistry, environmental impact, rubber toughening, morphology, transparency, nanocomposites, and degradation. Special emphasis is given to new developments such as living free‐radical polymerization, transparent impact polystyrene, and polystyrene/inorganic nanocomposite materials.
Variational reaction-diffusion systems for semantic segmentation (2016)

A novel global energy model for multi-class semantic image segmentation is proposed that admits very efficient exact inference and derivative calculations for learning. Inference in this model is equivalent to MAP inference in a particular kind of vector-valued Gaussian Markov random field, and ultimately reduces to solving a linear system of linear PDEs known as a reaction-diffusion system. Solving this system can be achieved in time scaling near-linearly in the number of image pixels by reducing it to sequential FFTs, after a linear change of basis. The efficiency and differentiability of the model make it especially well-suited for integration with convolutional neural networks, even allowing it to be used in interior, feature-generating layers and stacked multiple times. Experimental results are shown demonstrating that the model can be employed profitably in conjunction with different convolutional net architectures, and that doing so compares favorably to joint training of a fully-connected CRF with a convolutional net.