gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drillstem Test and Closed-Chamber Drillstem Test Simulation (1991)

Abstract The Drillstem Test (DST) has been a popular form of well testing since the early 1900's. To aid in the completion process, the pressure response from a DST can be analyzed to determine formation pressure, permeability, and amount of well damage. A downhole valve is used to control flow into the wellstring in most DSTs. Typically, the reservoir is intermittently flowed and shut-in multiple times. A variation of a DST is a closed chamber DST. Usually, the DST buildup periods are analyzed by using Homer3 time or Odeh and Selig's5 method. Limited analysis capabilities exist for the flow periods. Most DST analysis techniques lack the completeness to obtain accurate reservoir parameters. This paper presents a numeric simulator which is used to model DST and closed chamber DST behavior for a wide range of reservoir and wellbore conditions. Because variable wellbore conditions are considered, analysis is more reliable and often possible when other techniques fail. Reservoir flow into the wellstring is controlled by wellbore and reservoir parameters. In this simulator, wellbore conditions are modelled by using a wellstorage coefficient which is solved at each time step by performing a mass balance on the wellstring fluids. Volume of produced reservoir fluid, rathole mud production, variable cushion pressure, closed chamber air compression, inner wellstring diameter changes, hole deviation, and variable wellstring volume are considered in the calculation. By accounting for these parameters, this model is more complete than existing models or analysis techniques. The wellstorage coefficient is linked with reservoir values to solve for rate and pressure. Simulated pressure profiles are presented for various reservoir and wellbore conditions. A simulated match of field test data is also given to illustrate the practicality of this work. The strengths and weaknesses of the simulator are briefly cited.
Alternative methods to penetrate ice layers (2009)

The goal of a newly started study at the Space Research Institute in Graz is the development of a tool that is able to explore the vertical structure of ice sheets. This study was started in the frame of an ESA contract. There are two targets of primary interest: the polar areas of Mars and Jupiter’s satellite Europa. From diverse space missions like Mars Global Surveyor it became evident that the permanent ice caps of Mars contain key information for the understanding of the recent geological history of the planet (Kieffer et al., 2000). A detailed investigation of Martian ice layers is also important for the understanding of the water exchange between surface and atmosphere. Jupiter’s moon Europa is of special interest for exobiology, because there are strong indications for the existence of a subsurface water ocean, which may contain primitive forms of extraterrestrial life or precursor forms of life. A Melting Probe would be a good device to explore the internal structure of such ice layers. Unlike traditional technology as used in geo–technical research on earth, where drilling, coring, or hammering are the main mechanisms for downward motion of probes, a Melting Probe is a much less complex instrument. Contrary to their terrestrial analogues, Melting Probes for space applications have to be smaller, very robust and must have a much lower weight. Here a possible mechanical and thermal design for a Melting Probe prototype and first results obtained from laboratory measurements and mathematical simulations are reported.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity by Bioluminescence Inhibition, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of ([1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐<i>c</i>]quinazolin‐2‐ylthio)carboxylic Acid Amides (2009)

We report in this work the synthesis, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity of ([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-2-ylthio)carboxylic acid amides 4-7 in connection with our previous research in the preparation of triazoloquinazoline derivatives. Due to simplicity, general availability of starting materials, and high yields, the most reliable method of synthesis appeared to be the one with N,N-carbonyldiimidazole activation stage. The chemical structures of all obtained substances were deduced from FT-IR, (1)H-NMR, EI-MS, and LC-MS spectral data. The results of cytotoxicity evaluated by bioluminescence inhibition of bacterium Photobacterium leiognathi, strain Sh1 showed that compounds 4.1, 4.6, and 6.1 were the most cytotoxic. Investigation of the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of amides 4-7 (concentration 5 mg/mL) was carried out by the stiff-plate agar-diffusion method. We found that the compounds possessed low (4.1, 4.7) antifungal activity against Candida tenuis and strong (4.21, 5.1, 5.9) or inefficient (4.7, 4.12, 4.16) activity against Aspergillus niger. Substances 5.1 and 5.9 slightly affected Mycobacterium luteum. Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to all obtained substances, and only the n-butyramide derivatives 7.1 and 7.5 inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli. Hence, there was no strong correlation between bioluminescence inhibition and antimicrobial activity of the investigated substances.
Smart Audio/Video Playback Control Based on Presence Detection and User Localization in Home Environment (2011)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a simple software-based home control platform used for the automatic control of audio/video devices. The system facilitates integration of various residential sensors, with an accent on users' localization and presence detection. For the presence detection and localization we utilize three, the most frequently used technologies: visual (3D camera), audio (Microphone array) and passive infrared (PIR sensors). The home controller interprets information about user's position as a command issued to a list of UPnP/DLNA rendering devices (PC, TV or Audio system). Current distance and user's position can activate, abort or change video presentation, pause and continue playback, amplify sound or silence it automatically with regard to information retrieved from sensors and actions described in a so-called ambient behavior patterns. The way the system automatically responds to detected positions is controllable and changeable, and it is defined by executing XML documents which represent the behavior patterns - scripts. By using the easily accessible user interface, users are able to choose one of the available scripts or to prepare a new one, and to set up different audio/video modes in a room, similarly to switching profiles on mobile phones. The system is not limited to presence detection and audio/video control. Performing simple modifications of behavior scripts, the controller can interpret data from different kinds of sensors in an unobtrusive way of controlling various home appliances.
Mapping Loci for Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizure Susceptibility in Mice (1999)

DBA/2J (D2) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice exhibit differential sensitivity to seizures induced by various chemical and physical methods, with D2 mice being relatively sensitive and B6 mice relatively resistant. We conducted studies in mature D2, B6, F1, and F2 intercross mice to investigate behavioral seizure responses to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and to map the location of genes that influence this trait. Mice were injected with PTZ and observed for 45 min. Seizure parameters included latencies to focal clonus, generalized clonus, and maximal seizure. Latencies were used to calculate a seizure score that was used for quantitative mapping. F2 mice (n = 511) exhibited a wide range of latencies with two-thirds of the group expressing maximal seizure. Complementary statistical analyses identified loci on proximal (near D1Mit11) and distal chromosome 1 (near D1Mit17) as having the strongest and most significant effects in this model. Another locus of significant effect was detected on chromosome 5 (near D5Mit398). Suggestive evidence for additional PTZ seizure-related loci was detected on chromosomes 3, 4, and 6. Of the seizure-related loci identified in this study, those on chromosomes 1 (distal), 4, and 5 map close to loci previously identified in a similar F2 population tested with kainic acid. Results document that the complex genetic influences controlling seizure response in B6 and D2 mice are partially independent of the nature of the chemoconvulsant stimulus with a locus on distal chromosome 1 being of fundamental importance.
[Field scale demonstration of fungi-bacteria augmented remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil]. (2008)

Pilot demonstration of the fungal-bacterial augmented in situ remediation of petroleum contaminated soil was carried out in Zhongyuan Oilfield, Henan, using artificially prepared soil, newly and aged contaminated soil as sample, respectively. For the first run of the experiment started from Nov. 5, 2004 and lasted for 122 days, the removal of contaminate was 61.0%, 48.3% and 38.3% for diesel, lube and crude oil, respectively. For the second run started from May 18, 2005 and lasted for 161 days, the removal of TPH was 75% for the artificially contaminated soil sample while 46.0% and 56.6% for the fresh and aged contaminated soil. The removal of high concentration salt was involved in the remediation of the freshly and aged contaminated soil. The changes of the petroleum composition was monitored during the remediation process, which confirmed the effective degradation of alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon compounds by the fungi-bacteria consortia, as compared to that obtained without the inoculation of the consortia. To further demonstrate the remediation, wheat was planted in above reclaimed soil. While wheat production in the reclaimed artificially contaminated soil yielded nearly as much as that obtained in the normal farmland, the output of wheat in the reclaimed refresh and aged contaminated soil was 57.2% and 70.3% of the averaged output of the normal farmland. The above results further confirmed the workability of fungal-bacterial augmented in situ remediation of petroleum contaminated soil and its application potential as well.
Thermal wave remote and nondestructive inspection of polymers (1983)

Optically generated thermal waves propagating in various kinds of polymers (adhesives, coatings, fiber reinforced polybutyleneterephthalate, oriented polyethylene) are analyzed by photothermal detection. Some results from this remote technique are difficult to obtain by conventional methods.
Recombinant DNA technology for the preparation of subunit vaccines. (1982)

Recombinant DNA technology appears to be on the verge of producing safe and effective protein vaccines for animal and human diseases. The procedure is applicable to most viruses because their isolated surface proteins generally possess immunogenic activity. Strategies used for the preparation and cloning of the appropriate genes depend on the characteristics of the viral genomes: whether DNA or RNA; their size, strandedness, and segmentation; and whether messenger RNA are monocistronic or polycistronic. Cloned surface proteins of foot-and-mouth disease and hepatitis B viruses are being tested for possible use as practical vaccines. Two doses of the cloned foot-and-mouth disease viral protein have elicited large amounts of neutralizing antibody and have protected cattle and swine against challenge exposure with the virus. Surface proteins have also been cloned for the viruses of fowl plague, influenza, vesicular stomatitis, rabies, and herpes simplex. Cloning is in progress for surface proteins of viruses causing canine parvovirus gastroenteritis, human papillomas, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Rift Valley fever, and paramyxovirus diseases. In addition, advances in recombinant DNA and other facilitating technologies have rekindled interest in the chemical synthesis of polypeptide vaccines for viral diseases. The bioengineering of bacterial vaccines is also under way. Proteinaceous pili of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are being produced in E coli K-12 strains for use as vaccines against neonatal diarrheal diseases of livestock.
Terrestrial ecosystems and the global biogeochemical silica cycle (2002)

Most research on the global Si cycle has focused nearly exclusively on weathering or the oceanic Si cycle and has not explored the complexity of the terrestrial biogeochemical cycle. The global biogeochemical Si cycle is of great interest because of its impact on global CO 2 concentrations through the combined processes of weathering of silicate minerals and transfer of CO 2 from the atmosphere to the lithosphere. A sizable pool of Si is contained as accumulations of amorphous silica, or biogenic silica (BSi), in living tissues of growing plants, known as phytoliths, and, after decomposition of organic material, as remains in the soil. The annual fixation of phytolith silica ranges from 60–200 Tmol yr −1 and rivals that fixed in the oceanic biogeochemical cycle (240 Tmol yr −1 ). Internal recycling of the phytolith pool is intense with riverine fluxes of dissolved silicate to the oceans buffered by the terrestrial biogeochemical Si cycle, challenging the ability of weathering models to predict rates of weathering and consequently, changes in global climate. Consideration must be given to the influence of the terrestrial BSi pool on variations in the global biogeochemical Si cycle over geologic time and the influence man has had on modifying both the terrestrial and aquatic biogeochemical cycles.
The Development of a Functional Digestive System in the African Catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell) (1992)

Abstract The morphological and physiological development of the intestine, stomach, liver and pancreas of the African catfish, Clarius guriepinus (Burchell 1822), was investigated from hatching until 9 days after the start of exogenous feeding by histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures. During the yolk sac period, lasting 48 hours at 30 C, the digestive system develops from a rather undifferentiated system into a distinct liver and pancreas and a segmented intestine (parts I to III). Insulin and glucagon producing cells were clearly found in the endocrine pancreatic islets from 14 hours after hatching onwards, while at the start of exogenous feeding, the exocrine pancreas showed an intense zymogen colouration. Exogenous feeding started three days after fertilization, i.e., 48 hours after hatching. At that moment, the rearing temperature was lowered to 27.5 C. The first day of feeding was referred to as day zero, changing into day 1 when the first 24 hours of feeding were completed. From the start of exogenous feeding onwards, aminopeptidase, non‐specific esterase and ATP‐ase were detected in the digestive system. Morphologically, the stomach was completed at day 4 of exogenous feeding. Gastric acid secretion started on day 4 and lead to a pH below 3.3 in the stomach on day 5. During the first four days of exogenous feeding, C‐t‐gastrin immunopositive cells were found throughout the gut, including the gastric epithelium. After day 4, the C‐t‐gastrin cells were only detected in the anterior intestine. The completeness of the stomach development was also marked by the appearance of non‐specific esterase activity in the stomach epithelial cells on day 5. All data together clearly indicate that in Clarius gariepinus , the ontogeny of a functional digestive system has been completed on day 5 after the start of exogenous feeding, marking thereby the end of the larval period.
Object impersonation: Towards effective interaction in tablet- and HMD-based hybrid virtual environments (2015)

In virtual reality, hybrid virtual environment (HVE) systems provide the immersed user with multiple interactive representations of the virtual world, and can be effectively used for 3D interaction tasks with highly diverse requirements. We present a new HVE metaphor called Object Impersonation that allows the user to not only manipulate a virtual object from outside, but also become the object, and maneuver from inside. This approach blurs the line between travel and object manipulation, leading to efficient cross-task interaction in various task scenarios. Using a tablet- and HMD-based HVE system, two different designs of Object Impersonation were implemented, and compared to a traditional, non-hybrid 3D interface for three different object manipulation tasks. Results indicate improved task performance and enhanced user experience with the added orientation control from the object's point of view. However, they also revealed higher cognitive overhead to attend to both interaction contexts, especially without sufficient reference cues in the virtual environment.
Support Vector Machine-Based Expert System for Reliable Heartbeat Recognition (2004)

This paper presents a new solution to the expert system for reliable heartbeat recognition. The recognition system uses the support vector machine (SVM) working in the classification mode. Two different preprocessing methods for generation of features are applied. One method involves the higher order statistics (HOS) while the second the Hermite characterization of QRS complex of the registered electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform. Combining the SVM network with these preprocessing methods yields two neural classifiers, which have been combined into one final expert system. The combination of classifiers utilizes the least mean square method to optimize the weights of the weighted voting integrating scheme. The results of the performed numerical experiments for the recognition of 13 heart rhythm types on the basis of ECG waveforms confirmed the reliability and advantage of the proposed approach.
Gd<sup>3+</sup>‐Ion‐Doped Upconversion Nanoprobes: Relaxivity Mechanism Probing and Sensitivity Optimization (2012)

Abstract Paramagnetic gadolinium (Gd‐III)‐ion‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are attractive optical‐magnetic molecule imaging probes and are a highly promising nanoplatform for future theranostic nanomedicine design. However, the related relaxivity mechanism of this contrast agent is still not well understood and no significant breakthrough in relaxivity enhancement has been achieved. Here, the origin and optimization of both the longitudinal ( r 1 ) and transverse ( r 2 ) relaxivities are investigated using models of water soluble core@shell structured Gd 3+ ‐doped UCNPs. The longitudinal relaxivity enhancement of the nanoprobe is demonstrated to be co‐contributed by inner‐and outer‐sphere mechanisms for ligand‐free probes, and mainly by outer‐sphere mechanism for silica‐shielded probes. The origin of the transverse relaxivity is inferred to be mainly from an outer‐sphere mechanism regardless of surface‐coating, but with the r 2 values highly related to the surface‐state. Key factors that influence the observed relaxivities and r 2 / r 1 ratios are investigated in detail and found to be dependent on the thickness of the NaGdF 4 interlayer and the related surface modifications. A two orders of magnitude (105‐fold) enhancement in r 1 relaxivity and 18‐fold smaller r 2 / r 1 ratio compared to the first reported values are achieved, providing a new perspective for magnetic resonance (MR) sensitivity optimization and multimodality biological imaging using Gd 3+ ‐doped UCNPs.
Human Class Ii Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes And Proteins (1988)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Multicentre 12‐week double‐blind comparison of doxazosin, prazosin and placebo in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. (1986)

A 12-week double-blind study was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of doxazosin, prazosin and placebo in 172 patients with essential hypertension. According to response, patients received doxazosin 1-16 mg once daily, prazosin 0.5-10 mg twice daily, or placebo. Mean final daily doses were doxazosin 11.3 mg and prazosin 13.8 mg. Doxazosin once daily and prazosin twice daily both produced statistically significant reductions in both standing and supine blood pressures when compared with placebo. No significant differences between treatments were recorded for standing and supine heart rates. Doxazosin, prazosin and placebo all had a similar effect on plasma lipid profiles, i.e. an increase in HDL/total cholesterol of approximately 10%. The differences between treatments were not statistically significant. The HDL/total cholesterol ratio significantly increased from baseline to the end of treatment for all three groups, the decrease in triglycerides being statistically significant only in the doxazosin-treated group.
Des-Gamma-Carboxyprothrombin (PIVKA II) and Plasma Vitamin K1 in Newborns and Their Mothers (1992)

Assessments of the vitamin K status in newborns and their mothers by means of des-gamma-carboxy-prothrombin (PIVKA II) measurement have given equivocal results. Part of the variability could be attributed to differences in sensitivity (i.e. the ability to detect small concentrations) and validity (i.e. ability to detect vitamin K deficiency) of the methods applied. None of these methods have yet been validated with respect to plasma vitamin K1. In 22 healthy mother/infant pairs PIVKA II was determined using three different assays including ratio Xa/ecarin (Xa/ec), crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), and an ELISA with a monoclonal antibody (MAB). The results were compared with conventional clotting tests and plasma vitamin K1. The following results were obtained: Cord blood: Clotting tests within age-related normal ranges; PIVKA II detection rates: 0/22 (Xa/ec), 1/22 (CIE), 4/22 (MAB); plasma vitamin K1: undetectable in 20/22. Mothers: Clotting tests all within normal range; PIVKA II detection rates: 1/22 (Xa/ec), 0/22 (CIE), 5/22 (MAB); plasma vitamin K1 (pg/ml) for all mothers (median; range): 186; 55-833; for PIVKA II positive mothers: 213; 59-699. PIVKA II detectability in newborns and mothers was not correlated. The results show an increase in sensitivity for PIVKA II detection in the order of MAB >> CIE > Xa/ec. Due to the very low plasma vitamin K1 at birth, no correlation was possible between cord PIVKA II detectability and plasma vitamin K1. However, in mothers at term PIVKA II MAB appears to be unrelated to the vitamin K status.
Intra–Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Hypothermia With and Without Volume Loading in an Ischemic Model of Cardiac Arrest (2009)

Intra-CPR hypothermia significantly reduces myocardial infarction size. Elimination of volume loading further improves outcomes.
EXCLUSIVE OR processing (binary image subtraction) using thick Fourier holograms (1984)

Theoretical and experimental results are presented for parallel EXCLUSIVE OR processing using thick Fourier holograms. The data pages used contained 1024 bits in a 32 × 32 format. A holographically stored data page is reconstructed together with an input data page that is imaged through the system. The amplitudes of the two wave fronts are adjusted to be equal, and their relative phase is adjusted to be 180°, thus producing the bit-by-bit EXCLUSIVE OR operation between the pages. Using an expanded reference beam for the geometrical configuration treated, it is calculated that the average dynamic range between a 0 and a 1 in the output power would be 17.4 dB. Experimentally, it is shown that excellent EXCLUSIVE OR results are obtainable. Photographs of these results are presented. An average dynamic range of 7.7 dB was measured, the decrease from the calculated value being primarily due to noise in the video method of detection used in the measurements. The probabilities of miss and false alarm and the total probability of error were also measured. The use of a small diameter reference beam, necessary in some applications, causes a large mismatch in the shapes of the two wave fronts, thus degrading the EXCLUSIVE OR results. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that using an aperture at the recording material produces partial compensation of the wave fronts, thus improving the EXCLUSIVE OR results.