gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging applications of anticytokine vaccines (2008)

Most chronic inflammatory diseases have an unknown etiology but all involve cytokine cascade in their development. Several cytokines have been identified as major targets in various autoimmune diseases, resulting in the development of monoclonal antibodies against those cytokines. Even if monoclonal antibodies are indeed efficient, passive immunotherapies present some disadvantages and are expensive. To counter this, several strategies have been developed, including active immunotherapy, based on vaccination principles. The aim of such a strategy is to induce a B-cell response and to obtain autoantibodies able to neutralize the interaction of the self-cytokine to its receptor. Efficient vaccines have to induce a short-term response to avoid permanent inhibition of a given cytokine. This review focuses on the different therapeutic vaccination strategies with cytokines in preclinical studies; the benefit-risk ratio of such a strategy and the present development of clinical trials in some autoimmune diseases are also discussed.
Separation of Functionalities in Pyrolytic Tar by Gel Permeation Chromatography-Gas Chromatography (1984)

An analytical method combining gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and high resolution gas chromatography (GC) has been developed to analyze pine pyrolytic tars and their upgraded products. Pyrolytic tar, obtained from pine barks and wastes by the Tech-Air pyrolysis process, and its hydrogenation products have been separated by GPC into aromatics, phenols, light nonvolatiles and alkanes, and heavy nonvolatile fractions. The GPC using 10-nm μStyragel columns and THF as a solvent results in reasonably clean separations. The GC with the use of an internal standard gives percentage of volatiles. High resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been used to characterize the separated fractions. Changes in composition during hydrogenation have been determined by comparing the GPC and GC analyses of the charge stocks and products. This technique provides fast analyses and allows the determination of compositional changes during the upgrading process.
<i>Early</i> CDT-Lung: An Immunobiomarker Test as an Aid to Early Detection of Lung Cancer (2011)

Abstract Recent publications have reported the technical and clinical validation of EarlyCDT-Lung, an autoantibody test which detected elevated autoantibodies in 40% of lung cancers at diagnosis. This manuscript reports the results of EarlyCDT-Lung run on four new (postvalidation) data sets. The following four cohorts of patients (n = 574) with newly diagnosed lung cancer were identified: group 1 (n = 122), 100% small cell lung cancer (SCLC); group 2 (n = 249), 97% non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); group 3 (n = 122), 100% NSCLC; group 4 (n = 81), 62% NSCLC. Serum samples were obtained after diagnosis, prior to any anticancer treatment. Autoantibody levels were measured against a panel of six tumor-related antigens (p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4–5, Annexin 1, and SOX2) in the EarlyCDT-Lung panel and previously established cutoffs applied. In groups 2, 3, and 4, patients were individually matched by gender, age, and smoking history to a control individual with no history of malignant disease. Assay sensitivity was tested in relation to cancer type and stage, and in the matched normals to demographic variables. The autoantibody panel showed sensitivity/specificity of 57%/n.d (not done) for SCLC in group 1, 34%/87% for NSCLC in group 2, 31% and 84% for NSCLC in group 3, and 35%/89% for NSCLC and 43%/89% for SCLC in group 4. There was no significant difference in positivity of EarlyCDT-Lung and different lung cancer stages. These studies confirm the value of an autoantibody assay, EarlyCDT-Lung, as an aid to detecting lung cancer in patients at high risk of the disease. Cancer Prev Res; 4(7); 1126–34. ©2011 AACR.
Real-Time Visualization for Prevention of Excavation Related Utility Strikes. (2012)

none of my accomplishments would have been possible. His patience, encouragement and confidence in my abilities were invaluable in this journey. He has been a constant source of inspiration and the best advisor and mentor a student could have. The lessons I have learnt from him will remain with me and guide me for the rest of my life. I would also like to acknowledge the contributions of my committee members Dr.
The same glucocorticoid in brand-name products. Does increasing the concentration result in greater topical biologic activity? (1989)

Many topical corticosteroid formulations are available as different concentrations of the steroid in a similar vehicle. We tested the existing assumption that higher concentrations give greater biologic activity. The vasoconstriction assay was used because of its known correlation with clinical activity. Statistical analyses of the different concentrations are as follows: Kenalog creams: 0.025% is equal to 0.1% is equal to 0.5%; Aristocort creams: 0.025% is equal to 0.1% is equal to 0.5%; Aristocort ointments: 0.1% is equal to 0.5%; Aristocort creams: 0.5% is equal to 0.025% but is less than 0.1%; Hytone cream: 1.0% is equal to 2.5%; Synalar creams: 0.01% is less than 0.025% which is less than 0.2%; Topicort creams: 0.25% is equal 0.05%; and Vallisone creams: 0.1% is greater than 0.01%. The assumption that increased concentration of the same steroid in the same vehicle type will give increased biologic activity is usually, but not always, incorrect for brand-name formulations now available.
A study of interferences in ozone UV and chemiluminescence monitors (1994)

A study was conducted to examine interferences and other measurement anomalies in chemiluminescence and ultraviolet ozone monitors. Previous results had show that there was a positive deviation in the chemiluminescence monitors and no direct interference with ultraviolet monitors due to the presence of water at non-condensing concentrations. The present study continues this effort, examining both potential positive and negative effects of moisture and other interferences on these monitors. Aromatic compounds and their oxidation products could potentially show a positive interference with ultraviolet monitors, and test measurements were made with aromatics such as toluene, benzaldehyde, and nitrotoluene to determine their possible retention in the ozone scrubber and their absorption in the cell as a function of the humidity. A detailed examination of the scrubbers used in ultraviolet ozone monitors has also been undertaken. Ozone scrubbers that have shown anomalous behavior in the field have been studied in various reduced-efficacy modes under controlled laboratory conditions. Longer term tests of unused scrubbers for possible ozone breakthrough under exposure to various simulated field conditions were initiated.
Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 possesses a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes<i>N</i>-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner (2015)

The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. In contrast to MPR300, scFv M6P-1 does not bind phosphodiesters, monophosphorylated Man8 or mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition.
Effects of Electric Treatments and Wing Restraints on the Rate of Post-Mortem Biochemical Changes and Objective Texture of Broiler Pectoralis Major Muscles Deboned After Chilling (1993)

The study was conducted to determine the effects of electric current and wing restraints on the rate of post-mortem biochemical changes and objective texture of broiler Pectoralis major muscles deboned after chilling. Electric treatments of stun, stun and stimulate, and electrocution were administered to a total of 12 birds in each of six replications of the study. In each replication, wing restraints were applied to two of the four birds subjected to each electric treatment. Birds were subjected to the stunning and electrocution treatments prior to bleeding for 90 s. For the stun and stimulation treatment, the birds were bled during and after the pulsed stimulation. Carcasses were subjected to the wing restraints after feather removal, then eviscerated, prechilled, and chilled. The Pectoralis major muscles were removed 75 min post-mortem and evaluated for pH, R value (ratio of adenine to inosine nucleotides), and sarcomere length. Muscles were held at 2 C for 24 h prior to cooking and objective texture evaluation. Stunning and stimulating treatments resulted in significantly higher R values and lower pH values compared with the electrocution treatment. The application of wing restraints significantly increased sarcomere lengths in raw deboned muscle. Stunning followed by pulsed stimulation in conjunction with wing restraints resulted in the lowest shear values (5.95 kg) for cooked meat of muscles deboned 75 min post-mortem.
Continuous-Flow Enzyme Assay on a Microfluidic Chip for Monitoring Glycerol Secretion from Cultured Adipocytes (2009)

A dual-chip microfluidic platform that coupled perfusion of cultured adipocytes with on-line fluorescence-based enzyme assay was developed to monitor glycerol secretions in real time from cultured adipocytes. The perfusion cell chip, which could be reversibly sealed to allow reloading of cells and reuse of the chip, was shown by modeling to generate low shear stress on the cells under study. Effluent from the perfusion chip was pumped into an enzyme assay chip for monitoring of secretion from the cells. The on-line enzyme assay had a limit of detection (LOD) of 4 microM glycerol. The temporal resolution of the combined system for detecting changes in glycerol concentration was 90 s. The microfluidic device was used to continuously monitor glycerol secretion from murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes, grown and differentiated on glass coverslips, for at least 2 h. An average basal glycerol concentration of 28 microM was detected in the effluent. Pharmacological treatment with a beta-adrenergic agonist to stimulate lipolysis evoked a 3-fold increase in glycerol secretion followed by sustained release that was 40% higher than basal concentration. The ability to monitor changes in cellular secretion over time may provide insight into adipocyte metabolism and the dysregulation that occurs with obesity-related disorders.
THE ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (1969)

Using mainly rabbits and rats investigations on the endothelial permeability of the aorta, on relation between thrombus formation and endothelial damage, and on tissue culture of the endothelial cells of the rabbit aorta have been carried out. The permeability of endothelial layer of rabbit aorta Increased by cholesterol‐feeding. This seems to be derived from morphological and functional disorder of the endothelial cells. As a hemodynamic effect of blood flow, increased permeability of the endothelium of rat aorta was also found in experimental renal hypertension. Accumulation of blood‐plasma components (edema) was seen in the subendothellal area in cholesterol‐fed rabbit aorta and in hypertensive rat aorta. Long‐standing subendothellal edema is considered to be the cause of fibrous intlmal thickening (Grade I lesion/Nakashlma). Endothelial defect of the aorta due to various damages is related to thrombus formation, and this seems to be accelerated by cholesterol feeding. Morphological differences between normal endothelium and that of atherosclerotic lesion in human and in rabbit aortas can be seen. Tissue culture of the endothelium was performed in vivo and in vitro, and some discussions were made on the characteristics of cultured endothelial cells.
Preparation of acrylonitrile/acrylamide copolymer beads via a redox method and their adsorption properties after chemical modification (2015)

Abstract Poly(acrylonitrile- co -acrylamide) [poly(AN- co - AM)] was prepared via a redox method, with sodium bisulfite and potassium persulphate as the initiators. High yield was attained in up to 76% of monomer conversion within 3 h of reaction time. The copolymers were then chemically modified with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to obtain amidoxime functional groups in the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) system. The role of the amidoxime group is to form a chelating ion-exchange network based on acrylonitrile for the adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectra, the appearance of a strong band at the regions of 1680 and 3300–3400 cm -1 due to the stretching vibration of C=O and NH 2 groups, respectively, confirmed the copolymerization of acrylamide into the PAN system. In the case of modified copolymers, there was an appearance of broad bands at the regions of ∼3300 and ∼900 cm -1 , which corresponded to the stretching vibrations of O-H and =N-O, respectively, from the oxime group. The scanning electron microscopy showed that the average size of the copolymer particles was ∼149 nm, and the average size increased to ∼217 nm in the case of the modified copolymer. The amidoximed poly(AN- co -AM) was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma to investigate its adsorption behavior toward Cu(II).
Expression of Foreign Genes in Insects Using Baculovirus Vectors. (1993)

Recent advances in biotechnology have made it possible to express foreign genes in heterologous living organisms. However, expressions of foreign genes are limited and are still far from satisfactory in most cases. The goals of current work can be divided into two categories: (a) to develop methods for efficient production of large amounts of purified, fully active proteins, e.g. for use as pharmaceuticals, and (b) to study the basic mechanisms of gene expression and the biological effects of the expressed products in cells or organisms. Escherichia coli, together with plasmid or phage vectors, has been widely used for the expression of foreign genes encoding polypeptides with simple structures. Complex polypeptides, however, are sometimes difficult to pro­ duce in biologically active forms, and if produced, they are also difficult to refold to the natural form. Furthermore, posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and C-terminus amidation, do not occur properly in prokaryotic systems owing to the lack of the necessary enzymatic machinery. To overcome these problems, many hosts, especially higher eukaryotic organisms with appropriate vectors, have been explored as alterna­ tives. In studies of gene expression in living organisms, especially the multi­ cellular higher organisms, two different typcs of experimental strategies have been used to introduce foreign genes. One approach involves the stable integration of the foreign genetic material into chromosomal DNA; the second requires only the physical transportation of the foreign DNA into the cell
An engineer comments: Let us make use of our own (1983)

New Zealand has more than its fair share of native technicoscientific talent. Being only an adopted New Zealander, I am allowed to state that. Anyway, the thing which above all has kept me in New Zealand for the better part of 20 years is that I am convinced I can get more good research students here than I could elsewhere.
<title>Transport modalities of photodynamic agents for tumors</title> (1994)

Systemically injected porphyrins and other tetrapyrrolic compounds associate with serum proteins. Highly hydrophobic photosensitizers are mainly associated with lipoproteins and are deposited in intracellular loci of the neoplastic tissue. Hydrophilic photosensitizers are preferentially bound by serum albumin that releases the dye in the vascular stroma of the tumor. As a consequence the type of photosensitizer carrier determines different mechanisms of PDT-induced tumor necrosis. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) may increase the selectivity of tumor targeting by releasing the bound dye to the neoplastic cells by a receptor-mediated endocytotic mechanism.
Instant video summarization during shooting with mobile phone (2011)

To facilitate review and management of home videos captured by mobile phones, we propose a novel instant summarization method which is applied while users are shooting. Segment boundaries and key frames are extracted without any delay, which means that the extracted frames strictly synchronize with the scene being captured. Partial-context is the major challenge of this method since only captured frames are available when summarization is applied. And limited calculation resource of mobile phones is another restricted condition in such a video analysis, especially when video compression is executed meanwhile. Several frame features are utilized for segmentation and key frame extraction; and an original key frame updating strategy is presented to optimize selected representative frames in such partial-context. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is satisfactory in the aspects of low computation complexity, high effectiveness and good user experience.
[Coincidence of a thalidomide-induced malformation and a lymphoma of high malignancy (author's transl)]. (1980)

The case history of a fifteen year old patient with Thalidomide induced malformation who developed a lymphoma of high malignancy is presented.
Fabrication of nonlinearly shaped optical waveguide tapers on InP with precise design-parameter control (1992)

An entirely integrated reliable and low-loss interconnection between an InP-based optoelectronic circuit and a single-mode optical fiber is presented. This spot transforming device is characterized by a two-layer buried waveguide with laterally tapered geometry. Investigations of the characteristics of the negative tone electron beam resist AZ PN 114 show that it is possible to transfer almost any arbitrary shape of an optical waveguide with a width between 80 and 1200 nm to a directly written mask for dry etching without proximity correction or sophisticated writing strategy. The geometries can be maintained to within 20 nm with respect to the structure design. During subsequent reactive ion etching steps for the InGaAsP-waveguide layers, a very precise etch depth control by a process ellipsometer is possible in the range of 5 nm or less. Optical measurements confirm the spot-size transformation characteristics of our taper device.
Influencing Factors of Preschool Teachers' Safety and Emergency Literacy-Based on a Grounded Theory (2021)

To investigate the influencing factors and model construction of preschool teachers’ safety and emergency literacy. Methods: Using grounded theory methods to perform three-level coding and analysis of 12-person interview data, extract the factors that affect the safety and emergency literacy of preschool teachers, and construct a framework with four dimensions of individual factors, kindergarten factors, preschool teacher education factors, and social factors. The theoretical model is based on the ten core qualities of personal safety emergency awareness, personal safety emergency knowledge, personal safety emergency capability, assessment management, garden training, homeland cooperation, curriculum settings, excellent teachers, special training, and media orientation. Conclusion: Under the guidance of preschool teachers’ safety and emergency literacy, preschool education personnel training should create a good atmosphere of respecting and advocating the safety and emergency spirit in practice, build talent training goals based on ten core literacy, and implement preschool centered on the learning field The concept of educational curriculum development, the implementation of learning and education organized by practice groups, and the improvement of the project teaching system of deep integration of pre-service education and post-service education.
Comprehensive cancer-gene panels can be used to estimate mutational load and predict clinical benefit to PD-1 blockade in clinical practice (2015)

Cancer gene panels (CGPs) are already used in clinical practice to match tumor's genetic profile with available targeted therapies. We aimed to determine if CGPs could also be applied to estimate tumor mutational load and predict clinical benefit to PD-1 and CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade therapy. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) mutation data obtained from melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients published by Snyder et al. 2014 and Rizvi et al. 2015, respectively, were used to select nonsynonymous somatic mutations occurring in genes included in the Foundation Medicine Panel (FM-CGP) and in our own Institutional Panel (HSL-CGP). CGP-mutational load was calculated for each patient using both panels and was associated with clinical outcomes as defined and reported in the original articles. Higher CGP-mutational load was observed in NSCLC patients presenting durable clinical benefit (DCB) to PD-1 blockade (FM-CGP P=0.03, HSL-CGP P=0.01). We also observed that 69% of patients with high CGP-mutational load experienced DCB to PD-1 blockade, as compared to 20% of patients with low CGP-mutational load (FM-CGP and HSL-CGP P=0.01). Noteworthy, predictive accuracy of CGP-mutational load for DCB was not statistically different from that estimated by WES sequencing (P=0.73). Moreover, a high CGP-mutational load was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with PD-1 blockade (FM-CGP P=0.005, HR 0.27, 95% IC 0.105 to 0.669; HSL-CGP P=0.008, HR 0.29, 95% IC 0.116 to 0.719). Similar associations between CGP-mutational load and clinical benefit to CTLA-4 blockade were not observed. In summary, our data reveals that CGPs can be used to estimate mutational load and to predict clinical benefit to PD-1 blockade, with similar accuracy to that reported using WES.