gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of the human aldehyde oxidase gene: conservation of intron/exon boundaries with the xanthine oxidoreductase gene indicates a common origin (1998)

Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a molybdo-flavo enzyme involved in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous N-heterocyclic compounds of pharmacological and toxicological importance. The enzyme is the product of a gene which is implicated in the aetio-pathogenesis of familial recessive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we report the cloning and structural characterization of the human AO gene. AO is a single copy gene approximately 85 kb long with 35 transcribed exons. The transcription-initiation site and the sequence of the 5'-flanking region, containing several putative regulatory elements, were determined. The 5'-flanking region contains a functional promoter, as assessed by appropriate reporter constructs in transient transfection experiments. Comparison of the AO gene structure shows conservation of the position and type of exon/intron junctions relative to those observed in the gene coding for another molybdo-flavoprotein, i.e. xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). As the two genes code for proteins with a high level of amino acid identity, our results strongly suggest that the AO and XOR genetic loci arose as the consequence of a duplication event. Southern blot analysis conducted on genomic DNA from various animal species with specific cDNA probes indicates that the AO gene is less conserved than the XOR gene during evolution.
Glucose, lactate, and lactic dehydrogenase activity in normal interstitial fluid and that of solid mouse tumors. (1962)

Microscale assays of protein, glucose, lactate (LA), and the total lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in samples of free interstitial fluid from solid unicentric tumor transplants in mice are reported. The values have been compared with those found in plasma and intraperitoneal fluid from normal and tumor-bearing mice. The tumor fluids contained greater amounts of protein, LA, and LDH than did normal interstitial fluid, even when this was obtained from the same tumor-bearing mice. Highest values were found in the central fluid of young tumors. The glucose content of tumor fluids was considerably lower than that of normal intraperitoneal fluid or plasma.

It is concluded that the composition of the interstitial fluid of solid tumors is very different from that of normal interstitial fluid. The reasons for this are discussed with reference to the metabolism and permeability of tumor cells, and to the vascular supply and interstitial transport facilities in tumors.
MGMT-Independent Temozolomide Resistance in Pediatric Glioblastoma Cells Associated with a PI3-Kinase–Mediated <i>HOX</i>/Stem Cell Gene Signature (2010)

Sensitivity to temozolomide is restricted to a subset of glioblastoma patients, with the major determinant of resistance being a lack of promoter methylation of the gene encoding the repair protein DNA methyltransferase MGMT, although other mechanisms are thought to be active. There are, however, limited preclinical data in model systems derived from pediatric glioma patients. We screened a series of cell lines for temozolomide efficacy in vitro, and investigated the differential mechanisms of resistance involved. In the majority of cell lines, a lack of MGMT promoter methylation and subsequent protein overexpression were linked to temozolomide resistance. An exception was the pediatric glioblastoma line KNS42. Expression profiling data revealed a coordinated upregulation of HOX gene expression in resistant lines, especially KNS42, which was reversed by phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway inhibition. High levels of HOXA9/HOXA10 gene expression were associated with a shorter survival in pediatric high-grade glioma patient samples. Combination treatment in vitro of pathway inhibition and temozolomide resulted in a highly synergistic interaction in KNS42 cells. The resistance gene signature further included contiguous genes within the 12q13-q14 amplicon, including the Akt enhancer PIKE, significantly overexpressed in the KNS42 line. These cells were also highly enriched for CD133 and other stem cell markers. We have thus shown an in vitro link between phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mediated HOXA9/HOXA10 expression, and a drug-resistant, progenitor cell phenotype in MGMT-independent pediatric glioblastoma.
Iron chelation therapy and lung transplantation. Effects of deferoxamine on lung preservation in canine single lung transplantation. (1991)

Reperfusion injury is a limiting factor in lung transplantation. Deferoxamine is an iron chelator that inhibits the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals. We investigated the effects of deferoxamine on posttransplantation lung function in a canine model of single lung transplantation. Twelve dogs underwent left lung transplantation after 20- to 24-hour hypothermic storage in a modified Euro-Collins solution. In six experiments donor and recipient received a 10 mg/kg dose of deferoxamine before harvest and transplantation, and 10 mg/kg was added to the preservation solution. Arterial oxygen tension, alveolar-arterial oxygen difference, pulmonary vascular resistance, and dynamic lung compliance were measured. Data were recorded for 6 hours after ligation of the native pulmonary artery. At the end of the study the mean arterial oxygen tension was 175.1 mm Hg for the deferoxamine treated group versus 71.1 mm Hg for the control group (p less than 0.001), and the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference was less in the deferoxamine-treated group: 502.3 versus 606.0 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). The mean pulmonary vascular resistance was lower throughout the study, and after 6 hours it was 455.1 dynes/sec/cm(-5) in the deferoxamine-treated group versus 663.7 dynes/sec/cm(-5) in the control group (p less than 0.035). Compliance was similar in both groups. We conclude that deferoxamine improves lung preservation and early posttransplantation function in canine single lung transplantation.
Rietveld structure refinement of synthetic strontium-rich potassium-richterites (1993)

Complete substitution of Ca by Sr has been experimentally obtained at 750°C, 1 kbar in hydroxyl potassium-richterite. The refinement of the site occupancies by the whole-powder-pattern refinement method (Rietveld method) shows Sr to be completely ordered at the M(4) site. Cell parameters vary as a function of the Sr → Ca substitution in a strongly anisotropic way: a and b increase whereas c remains constant. There is also a major increase in the β angle. The variation of distance is linear. The structure refinements are good in the space group C2/m with the usual amphibole unit cell; in addition, there is no evidence for the existence of a supercell. Thus Ca and Sr show no evidence of any long-range ordering
[Effect of electrical stimulation of afferent renal nerve on arterial blood pressure, heart rate and vasopressin in rabbits]. (1995)

The effect of electrical stimulation of afferent renal nerve (ARN) on cardiovascular response, the synthesis and release of vasopressin were studied in rabbits. During the course of the experiment, the pathway of ARN to central nerve system was also analyzed. The results showed that electrical stimulation of ARN elicited significantly decrease of mean arteral blood pressure and heart rate as well as inhibition of cervical sympathetic nerve activity. In the event of the above physiological changes, the AVP concentration in supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and plasma was increased, but that in hypophysis was decreased. Injection of sodium nitropruside (SNP) or AVPa indicated that increase of AVP release was due directly to stimulation of ARN. Nodose ganglionectomy or transversal section of spinal cord at different levels suggested that the main afferent pathway of ARN to higher level of central nerve system entered into spinal cord at T5-L2.
A new RNA helicase isolated from HeLa cells that catalytically translocates in the 3‘ to 5‘ direction. (1992)

We have purified an RNA helicase to near homogeneity from nuclear extracts of HeLa cells. The enzyme migrated as a 130-kDa protein upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and exhibited a sedimentation coefficient of 6.4 on glycerol gradient centrifugation. The enzyme translocated in a 3' to 5' direction and acted catalytically, displacing at least a 4-fold molar excess of duplex RNA compared with the enzyme added. All eight common nucleoside triphosphates supported RNA helicase activity at relatively low concentrations (Km in values in the 15-20 microM level). In the presence of RNA and some single-stranded DNAs, the RNA helicase hydrolyzed all nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates and inorganic phosphate. The enzyme displaced deoxyribooligonucleotides provided they were hydrogen-bonded to RNA possessing 3' single-stranded regions, but it did not displace ribooligonucleotides hydrogen-bonded to DNA containing 3' single-stranded regions. The enzyme, in the absence of ATP, binds to both single-stranded RNA and DNA, but the amount of complex formed with RNA was 20-fold greater than the complex formed with DNA. In both cases, the complex formed in the absence of ATP was rapidly reversed by the addition of ATP and not by adenyl-5'-yl (beta,gamma-methylene)-diphosphate. We propose that the enzyme can bind to both single-stranded RNA and DNA and hydrolyze ATP, but by virtue of its greater stability on RNA, the enzyme can only translocate on RNA possessing 3' single-stranded regions.
GABAA Receptor but Not Muscarinic Receptor Density Was Decreased in the Brain of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease (1988)

The activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) as presynaptic markers of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and acetylcholine (ACh)-containing neurons, and the binding of [3H]muscimol and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) as postsynaptic ones were measured in autopsied samples of the caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, substantia nigra and the cerebral cortex from L-dopa-treated patients with Stage V (terminally bedridden) patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). In PD, GAD activities were significantly reduced in the caudate nucleus and substantia nigra relative to normal controls, but were normal when the values from protracted terminal illness (PTI) cases were used as the controls. ChAT activities were reduced in all regions studied. These reductions in GAD and ChAT activities were not accompanied by a concomitant increase in the density of GABAA or muscarinic receptors. GABAA receptor densities were significantly decreased in both the cortical and subcortical brain regions, while muscarinic receptor densities remained unchanged. We suggest that the decreased density of GABAA receptor in PD brains reflects degeneration of neurons on which the receptor is localized, i.e., degeneration of ascending monoaminergic neurons including nigral dopamine (DA) neurons.
Evidence for an association between the T cell receptor/CD3 antigen complex and the CD5 antigen in human T lymphocytes (1992)

In this work we report that CD5, a T cell accessory activation antigen and receptor for the B cell surface protein CD72, is associated with the T cell antigen receptor (TcR)/CD3 complex in human T lymphocytes. In vitro phosphorylation of either CD3 or CD5 immunoprecipitates prepared from CD3-stimulated Jurkat and peripheral blood T cells in the presence of the detergent polyoxyethelene 10 oleyl ether (Brij96) showed, unexpectedly, an identical pattern of five phosphopolypeptides of 70, 59, 56, 21 and 18 kDa, respectively. Peptide mapping of the five bands demonstrated that the same protein kinase substrates co-precipitated with both CD3 and CD5 and that the majority of the protein phosphorylation occurred on tyrosine residues. These data suggested that the TcR/CD3 complex and and the CD5 antigen might be associated in T cells. Evidence to support this hypothesis was obtained from analysis of immunoprecipitates prepared from surface-iodinated T cells. Bands characteristic of the TcR and CD3 antigens were identified in CD5 immunoprecipitates and conversely, CD5 was identified in CD3 immunoprecipitates. Conformation that CD3 and CD5 co-precipitated in the presence of Brij96 was obtained by Western blotting. Quantitative immunodepletion demonstrated that between 10%-20% of cell surface CD5 was associated with the TcR/CD3 complex in Brij96 detergent lysates of human T cells and, furthermore, that this association was independent of T cell activation. The association of these two receptors provides a possible physical basis for the accessory role of the CD5 antigen in T cell activation.
Proteins Modified by Malondialdehyde, 4-Hydroxynonenal, or Advanced Glycation End Products in Lipofuscin of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium (2003)

The identification of lipid peroxidation and glucoxidation products in proteinaceous LF components in human RPE supports the hypothesis that these compounds are involved in lipofuscinogenesis and may contribute to the cytotoxic effects of LF in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. Their identification may help to identify potential future treatment targets.
Scheduling performance of multimedia services over HSDPA (2007)

This paper investigates the performance of multimedia services over HSDPA. A network level simulator has been used to analyse the end-to-end quality of service results for VoIP and best effort traffic. Three different scheduler algorithms have been considered, with a focus on a time-to-live scheduler that is expected to satisfy the delay constraints imposed by VoIP. On the other hand, the periodic character in the generation of VoIP packets in first hand fits best to the round-robin way of selecting the queues to be scheduled. This paper investigates this tradeoff, together with a scheduler that selects the user with the best channel condition. Moreover, several modifications in the use of discard timers are explored. All users are moving at vehicular speeds.
Electrolytic procedure for the removal of ruthenium and nitrate from alkaline waste solutions (1958)

The flowsheet proposed by KAPL for the treatment of alkaline nitrate radiochemical processing waste has been modified to include an ion-exchange step for the decontamination of cesium, strontium, and other cationic fission products. In laboratory studies of the electrolysis steps in a nitrate reduction cell, synthetic alkaline waste, 0.55 to 4.83 M total electrolyte, was decontaminated from ruthenium by factors of > 210. The nitrate of 3.0 M waste was reduced to ammonia with current efficiencies of 100%. Power consumption was 4.7 kwh/lb of nitrate reduced. Significant factors affecting the rate of ruthenium decontamination were temperature, cathode area, cathode current density, and electrolyte concentration. Those affecting nitrate reduction current efficiencies were the cathode current density, electrolyte concentration, and stirring rate. In an acid-base membrane cell, reusable nitric acid as well as sodium hydroxide was regenerated. However, such a cell is less economical to construct and operate than the nitrate reduction cell. At least 5 kwh of power is required to transfer 1 lb of nitrate from ORNL type waste. In addition, the greater complexity of the acid-base cell makes it less adaptable for remote control.
Information state based speech recognition (2010)

One of the pitfalls in spoken dialogue systems is the brittleness of automatic speech recognition (ASR). ASR systems often misrecognize user input and they are unreliable when it comes to judging their own performance. Recognition failures and deficient confidence estimation affect the performance of a dialogue system as a whole and the impression it makes on a user. Humans outperform ASR systems on most tasks related to speech understanding. One of the reasons is that humans make use of much more knowledge. For example humans appear to take a variety of knowledge-based aspects of the current dialogue into account when processing speech. The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether speech recognition also can benefit from the use of higher level knowledge sources and dialogue context when used in spoken dialogue systems. \n\nOne of the major contributions of this thesis is to provide more insight into what type of knowledge sources in spoken dialogue systems would be potential contributors to the task of ASR and how such knowledge can be represented computationally. In the framework of information state based dialogue management we have an important source of semantic and pragmatic knowledge represented in the information state. We will investigate if the knowledge in the information state can help to alleviate the search problem and reliability estimation in speech recognition. We call this knowledge and context aware approach to speech recognition information state based speech recognition. \n\nThe first part of this thesis investigates approaches to obtaining better initial language models more rapidly for spoken dialogue systems and ways of dynamically selecting the most appropriate models based on the dialogue context.\n\nThe second part of this thesis concerns the use of the speech recognition output and investigates how additional knowledge sources can enhance a dialogue system's decision-making on how to proceed and make use of speech recognition hypotheses.\n\nThe thesis presents several experimental studies addressing the issues described above and proposes an integration of the explored techniques into the GoDiS dialogue system.
A RAPID METHOD FOR THE EXTRACTION AND ANAYLSIS OF BEER FLAVOUR COMPONENTS (1987)

Dispersal of beer on a commercially available tube of kieselguhr and elution with dichloromethane was found to be a much faster and more efficient method of obtaining a beer flavour extract than liquid-liquid extraction. The constitution of each type of extract was qualitatively similar. The use of an internal standard allowed major flavour components to be quantitatively analysed.
Measurement of optical bistability in an InGaAsP laser amplifier at 1.5 μm (1985)

Measured hysteresis characteristics for an amplifier operating at room temperature are presented and compared with the predictions of a computer model. The onset of optical bistability was seen to occur at input powers of around 2 μW.
Neuroprotective effects of the antiparkinson drug <i>Mucuna pruriens</i> (2004)

Mucuna pruriens possesses significantly higher antiparkinson activity compared with levodopa in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease. The present study evaluated the neurorestorative effect of Mucuna pruriens cotyledon powder on the nigrostriatal tract of 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Mucuna pruriens cotyledon powder significantly increased the brain mitochondrial complex-I activity but did not affect the total monoamine oxidase activity (in vitro). Unlike synthetic levodopa treatment, Mucuna pruriens cotyledon powder treatment significantly restored the endogenous levodopa, dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin content in the substantia nigra. Nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and coenzyme Q-10, that are shown to have a therapeutic benefit in Parkinson's disease, were present in the Mucuna pruriens cotyledon powder. Earlier studies showed that Mucuna pruriens treatment controls the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. This additional finding of a neurorestorative benefit by Mucuna pruriens cotyledon powder on the degenerating dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra may be due to increased complex-I activity and the presence of NADH and coenzyme Q-10.
Effect of eslicarbazepine acetate on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin in healthy subjects (2009)

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a new-generation voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, which has been demonstrated to be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of epilepsy. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ESL on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study of 12 healthy subjects (six men and six women). The study included two 8-day treatment periods with a washout of >or=10 days. In each period, subjects received either ESL 1200 mg once-daily or placebo, concomitantly with a loading oral dose of digoxin 0.5 mg on days 1 and 2, followed by a once-daily maintenance dose of 0.25 mg on days 3-8. Maximum serum digoxin plasma concentrations (C(max)) were reached (t(max)) at 0.5-2.0 h post-dose (median = 1.0 h) and at 0.5-4.0 h post-dose (median = 1.0 h) with Reference (digoxin plus placebo) and Test (digoxin plus ESL) treatments, respectively. The Test/Reference digoxin geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals (90% CI) were 0.96 and 0.90-1.03 for the area under the plasma concentration-time curve over the dosing interval (AUC(0-24)) and 0.85 and 0.68-1.07 for C(max). The 90% CI was within the bioequivalence range (0.80-1.25) for AUC(0-24), thus demonstrating bioequivalence. The 90% CI was outside the 0.80-1.25 range for digoxin C(max), but it appeared to be caused by a higher variability in digoxin C(max) following co-administration of digoxin with placebo than with ESL. Co-administration of ESL and digoxin was well tolerated. Concomitant administration of ESL has no clinically relevant effect in the systemic exposure to digoxin.
Structural, magnetic, and redox properties of dicopper complexes of a new binucleating ligand involving sulphides and benzimidazoles in addition to a phenoxide bridge (1987)

The structure of the chloro-derivative (1) of the new ligand (H–L1) is reported together with the electrochemical and magnetic studies of this and three related complexes; it shows that (H–L1) is able to mediate a strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the two copper(II) ions in the complex, whilst enforcing their high reduction potential.
ZigBee-based Smart Home system design (2010)

This paper aims to construct a Smart Home system based on ZigBee wireless communication technology. The article will introduce the Smart Home industry and analyze the advantages of ZigBee wireless communication technology used in the Smart Home system. It describes the structure composition of the Smart Home system based on ZigBee, and finally gives the system design concept and implementation approach.
Isolation and Gene Expression Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants With Constitutive Expression of ATL2, an Early Elicitor-Response RING-H2 Zinc-Finger Gene<b>This article is dedicated to the memory of the late Gilberto Mosqueda Cano.</b> (2004)

Genes with unstable transcripts often encode proteins that play important regulatory roles. ATL2 is a member of a multigene family coding highly related RING-H2 zinc-finger proteins that may function as E3 ubiquitin ligases. ATL2 mRNA accumulation occurs rapidly and transiently after incubation with elicitors of pathogen response. We screened 50,000 M(2) families from a line that carries a fusion of pATL2 to the GUS reporter gene and isolated five mutants, which we named eca (expresión constitutiva de ATL2), that showed constitutive expression of the reporter gene. One mutant exhibits a drastic stunted phenotype while the other four grow similarly to wild type. Two early chitin-induced genes and known pathogenesis-related genes such as NPR1, PAL, and CHS are activated in all the mutants whereas members of the ATL family and PR-1 and PDF2.1, which are markers of the salicylic acid (SA) jasmonate (JA) defense-response pathways, display differential expression between the mutants. These observations indicate that the ECA gene products may function in the early steps of an elicitor-response pathway, although some of them may function at other stages on the SA or JA defense-response pathways. Likewise, the fact that ATL2 and other members of the ATL family are activated in eca mutants links the induction of this putative class of ubiquitin ligases to plant defense signaling pathways.