gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-pass spatial filtering using a two-dimensional self-collimating photonic crystal (2007)

Different from previous focusing on subwavelength imaging in the near field, we outline another potentially useful application of the self-collimating photonic crystal -- low-pass spatial filtering. A two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystal is taken as an example and the low-pass spatial filtering is demonstrated by the dispersion analysis and numerical simulations. The high-spatial-frequency components, whose incident angles exceed a critical value, are reflected totally because no Bloch modes of the photonic crystal can be excited. However, the low-spatial-frequency components are coupled to the self-collimating modes and permeate the photonic crystal with high transmissivity.
DNA damage consistent with apoptosis in transient focal ischaemic neocortex (1994)

Transient focal ischaemia was produced in rat right neocortex by temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion. DNA damage was visualized in situ in cells of this right hemisphere but not in the contralateral hemisphere. The extracted damaged DNA exhibited laddered fragmentation which is indicative of apoptotic degradation. The amount of DNA damage was quantified by an end-labelling technique and shown to increase with the duration of the ischaemic insult. We conclude that the neurodegeneration resulting from focal ischaemia has an apoptotic component.
Recurrent Neural Network and Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Path Planning Adaptable to Environmental Change (2018)

We propose a robot path planning method adaptable to environmental change combining RRT and LSTM network. In this method, assuming multiple environments, a large amount of routes are generated by the RRT method and learning is performed using the LSTM network. We also try to adapt to environmental changes by using CAE during learning. By the proposed method, we perform the difficulty of a general random base method, that is, “generate reproducible route” at high speed. In addition, it is possible to generate routes adapted to small environmental changes.
Exclusive ortho substitution of phenols via [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExclusive ortho substitution of phenols via [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangementsPaul G. Gassman and David R. AmickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 24, 7611–7619Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00492a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00492a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views495Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
R2D: A Bridge between the Semantic Web and Relational Visualization Tools (2009)

The widespread deployment of Resource Description Framework has resulted in the emergence of a new data storage paradigm, the RDF Graph Model, which, in turn, requires a rich suite of modeling and visualization tools to aid with data management. This paper presents R2D (RDF-to-Database), an effort whose goal is to enable reusability of relational tools on RDF data. R2D aims to transform RDF data, at run-time, into an equivalent normalized relational schema, thereby bridging the gap between RDF and RDBMS concepts and making the abundance of existing relational tools available to RDF Stores. The work in this paper extends our earlier work by including the ability to map blank nodes, which are used to represent complex relationships between entities, and to perform pattern matching and aggregation functions on data. The R2D system architecture and mapping constructs, with particular emphasis on blank node handling, are presented along with descriptions of the algorithms comprising R2D. Performance graphs and screen-shots of a relational visualization tool that uses R2D to access RDF data are presented as evidence of the feasibility of our research.
Multi-object tracking through occlusions by local tracklets filtering and global tracklets association with detection responses (2009)

This paper presents an online detection-based two-stage multi-object tracking method in dense visual surveillances scenarios with a single camera. In the local stage, a particle filter with observer selection that could deal with partial object occlusion is used to generate a set of reliable tracklets. In the global stage, the detection responses are collected from a temporal sliding window to deal with ambiguity caused by full object occlusion to generate a set of potential tracklets. The reliable tracklets generated in the local stage and the potential tracklets generated within the temporal sliding window are associated by Hungarian algorithm on a modified pairwise tracklets association cost matrix to get the global optimal association. This method is applied to the pedestrian class and evaluated on two challenging datasets. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of our method.
DNA content in human cancer. Application in pathology and clinical medicine. (1989)

The relationship between flow cytometry measurements (DNA ploidy, S-phase index) of solid tumors and survival is reviewed. Breast, ovarian, colorectal, pulmonary, urinary bladder, renal, thyroid, and endometrial cervical carcinoma and melanoma are discussed. Correlations between tumor stage or grade and flow cytometry-derived data are considered. Tetraploidy, S-phase indexes, and data derived from paraffin-embedded material have been the basis for seemingly controversial interpretations. Related methods are covered in detail and comparative aspects of flow cytometry and cytophotometry are reviewed.
Time Series Knowledge Mining (2006)

An important goal of knowledge discovery is the search for patterns in data that can help explain the underlying process that generated the data. The patterns are required to be new, useful, and understandable to humans. In this work we present a new method for the understandable description of local temporal relationships in multivariate data, called Time Series Knowledge Mining (TSKM). We define the Time Series Knowledge Representation (TSKR) as a new language for expressing temporal knowledge. The patterns have a hierarchical structure, each level corresponds to a single temporal concept. On the lowest level, intervals are used to represent duration. Overlapping parts of intervals represent coincidence on the next level. Several such blocks of intervals are connected with a partial order relation on the highest level. Each pattern element consists of a semiotic triple to connect syntactic and semantic information with pragmatics. The patterns are very compact, but offer details for each element on demand. In comparison with related approaches, the TSKR is shown to have advantages in robustness, expressivity, and comprehensibility. Efficient algorithms for the discovery of the patterns are proposed. The search for coincidence as well as partial order can be formulated as variants of the well known frequent itemset problem. One of the best known algorithms for this problem is therefore adapted for our purposes. Human interaction is used during the mining to analyze and validate partial results as early as possible and guide further processing steps. The efficacy of the methods is demonstrated using several data sets. In an application to sports medicine the results were recognized as valid and useful by an expert of the field.
Specificity and kinetics of interstrand and intrastrand bifunctional alkylation by nitrogen mustards at a G-G-C sequence (1997)

Previous work showed that melphalan-induced mutations in the aprt gene of CHO cells are primarily transversions and occur preferentially at G-G-C sequences, which are potential sites for various bifunctional alkylations involving guanine N-7. To identify the DNA lesion(s) which may be responsible for these mutations, an end-labeled DNA duplex containing a frequent site of melphalan-induced mutation in the aprt gene was treated with melphalan, mechlorethamine or phosphoramide mustard. The sequence specificity and kinetics of formation of both interstrand and intrastrand crosslinks were determined. All mustards selectively formed two base-staggered interstrand crosslinks between the 5'G and the G opposite C in the 5'G-G-C sequence. Secondary alkylation was much slower for melphalan than for the other mustards and the resulting crosslink was more stable. Mechlorethamine and phosphoramide mustard induced intrastrand crosslinks between the two contiguous Gs in the G-G-C sequence in double-stranded DNA, but melphalan did not. Molecular dynamic simulations provided a structural explanation for this difference, in that the monofunctionally bound intermediates of mechlorethamine and phosphoramide mustard assumed thermodynamically stable conformations with the second arm in a position appropriate for intrastrand crosslink formation, while the corresponding melphalan monoadduct did not.
A Method of Data Synchronization Based on Message Oriented Middleware and Xml in Distributed Heterogeneous Environments (2015)

With the rapid development of information technology, lots of enterprises are being faced with resource share and information exchange under global heterogeneous environment. However, the MOM and XML technology can provide a better solution for the realization of information exchange and resource share of distributed heterogeneous environment. In this paper, we adopt four procedures to realize data synchronization between different databases. 1) get incremental data of source by triggers; 2) convert incremental data into XML file via XML mapping layer; 3) send XML file to destination in a message format; 4) parse data by XML parser.
Use of alkoxides in the preparation of low-expansion reconstructed TiO2-SiO2 glasses (1992)

Reconstructed TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> glasses were prepared by impregnating porous glass with solutions containing titanium tetraisopropoxide Ti(OC<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>)<sub>4</sub>, converting the alkoxide in the pores to titania, and consolidating the porous structure. The final glasses contained from about 6 to 11 wt% TiO<sub>2</sub>. On subjecting them to treatments in an oxy/gas flame (term for pure oxygen combustion) or a high-temperature furnace it was possible to obtain clear glasses with thermal expansion coefficients ranging from -0.2 to +0.3 · 10<sup>-6/</sup>K. Reconstructed glasses containing about 7 wt% TiO<sub>2</sub> were thermally stable, showing no significant change in expansion after 10 h heating in air at 970 °C. However, glasses with higher TiO<sub>2</sub> contents were not thermally stable when reheated. X-ray analyses revealed that they contained rutile, a high-expansion phase that readily accounts for the increase in expansion observed after reheating. Water permeation studies of alkoxide-impregnated porous glass showed that the rate of penetration of water, and hence the rate of hydrolysis of the alkoxide, is diffusion-controlled. Reactions that are likely to occur in the impregnated porous glass on hydrolysis and on heating are discussed.
Rethinking Class Relations: Absolute-relative Supervised and Unsupervised Few-shot Learning (2021)

The majority of existing few-shot learning methods describe image relations with binary labels. However, such binary relations are insufficient to teach the network complicated real-world relations, due to the lack of decision smoothness. Furthermore, current few-shot learning models capture only the similarity via relation labels, but they are not exposed to class concepts associated with objects, which is likely detrimental to the classification performance due to underutilization of the available class labels. For instance, children learn the concept of tiger from a few of actual examples as well as from comparisons of tiger to other animals. Thus, we hypothesize that both similarity and class concept learning must be occurring simultaneously. With these observations at hand, we study the fundamental problem of simplistic class modeling in current few-shot learning methods. We rethink the relations between class concepts, and propose a novel Absolute-relative Learning paradigm to fully take advantage of label information to refine the image an relation representations in both supervised and unsupervised scenarios. Our proposed paradigm improves the performance of several state-of-the-art models on publicly available datasets.
Highly Ordered MCM-41 Silica Prepared in the Presence of Decyltrimethylammonium Bromide (2000)

Literature data show that for MCM-41 silica made in the presence of alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (ATAB) surfactants, the best quality materials in terms of framework order are those obtained with surfactants having 12−16 carbon atom alkyl chains. Lower molecular weight surfactants seem to be more difficult to self-organize, thus leading to less ordered materials with broader pore size distributions. Here, we provide reliable recipes which afford excellent quality materials using decyltrimethylammonium bromide. This method can also be applied to ATABs with 12 and 14 carbon chains.
Response of Aquatic Plants to Combinations of Endothall and Copper (1971)

The addition of 0.5 and 5.0 ppmw of 7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1] = heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall) to solutions of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) at 1.0 ppmw of copper applied to the roots of emersed parrotfeather ( Myriophyllum brasiliense (Camb.) increased the copper content of the roots of these plants. Growth of parrotfeather was inhibited by root applications of 0.5 and 5.0 ppmw of endothall, but CSP did not increase its phytotoxicity. However, a synergistic effect, as determined by dry weight, was calculated after treatment of hydrilla ( Hydrilla verticillata Casp.) with a combination of 5.0 ppmw of endothall plus CSP at 1.0 ppmw of copper. An increase in copper uptake and a reduction in phosphorus levels was associated with those plants treated with the combination.
Resorption of bone by isolated rabbit osteoclasts (1984)

A carborundum wheel was used to prepare slices of cortical bone that demonstrate a predictable surface appearance in the scanning electron microscope. Osteoclasts were mechanically disaggregated from neonatal rabbit long bones and settled onto these slices. After 24h in culture osteoclasts were associated with areas of excavation in the bone surface. These excavated areas typically showed a well-defined outline and a distinctive fibrillar base, which resembled the pattern of collagen fibrils in bone. The majority of such concavities were of approximately circular outline and of smaller diameter than the associated osteoclast, but other excavations were elongated or of complex morphology, and may have been produced by osteoclasts that were resorbing bone while they migrated. Irregular concavities tended to be more shallow but to occupy a greater area of the bone surface than circular concavities. Roughening of the bone surface without detectable excavation was also seen adjacent to osteoclasts. Calcitonin and cytochalasin B, which inhibit osteoclastic motility, also inhibited bone resorptive activity by these cells. The techniques described in this paper represent a model system with which to assess the direct and indirect effects of hormones, cells and substrate composition on the induction, stimulation and inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption and to investigate the mechanisms by which cells degrade extracellular matrices.
Manufacture and Use of Potassium Superoxide (1957)

Commercial quantities of potassium superoxide are made by atomizing molten potassium with air. The oxidation product so produced consists of a very finely divided yellow powder approaching very closely the theoretical composition of KO2. Potassium superoxide is used to supply oxygen and to absorb carbon dioxide and water in self-contained lung-actuated breathing apparatus. A description is given of the treatment of the superoxide for its use within canisters for respiratory equipment. Flow diagrams of the equipment are presented along with some considerations of the use of the equipment under conditions of extreme exercise.
Blast-Induced Hearing Loss (2013)

서 론최근 폭발물의 사용은 증가 추세에 있으며 이로 인한 손상 은 기존에 다른 원인으로 인한 손상과
Effect of parasitic element on the characteristics of microstrip antenna (1991)

The variations in the sizes and position of a parasitic element with the input impedance and bandwidth of a rectangular microstrip antenna are investigated by the method of moments. An integral equation for the unknown patch current densities is formulated in the spectral domain. The Galerkin procedure is employed to solve for the unknowns. It is found that the input impedance varies significantly with the size and position of the parasitic patch. The result is important for bandwidth enhancement and impedance matching of the microstrip antenna.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A NEW METHOD FOR THE GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF GERMANIUM (1922)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA NEW METHOD FOR THE GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF GERMANIUMJohn Hughes MüllerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1922, 44, 11, 2493–2498Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1922Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1922https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01432a017Request reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (393 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
TensorQuant - A Simulation Toolbox for Deep Neural Network Quantization (2017)

Recent research implies that training and inference of deep neural networks (DNN) can be computed with low precision numerical representations of the training/test data, weights and gradients without a general loss in accuracy. The benefit of such compact representations is twofold: they allow a significant reduction of the communication bottleneck in distributed DNN training and faster neural network implementations on hardware accelerators like FPGAs. Several quantization methods have been proposed to map the original 32-bit floating point problem to low-bit representations. While most related publications validate the proposed approach on a single DNN topology, it appears to be evident, that the optimal choice of the quantization method and number of coding bits is topology dependent. To this end, there is no general theory available, which would allow users to derive the optimal quantization during the design of a DNN topology. In this paper, we present a quantization tool box for the TensorFlow framework. TensorQuant allows a transparent quantization simulation of existing DNN topologies during training and inference. TensorQuant supports generic quantization methods and allows experimental evaluation of the impact of the quantization on single layers as well as on the full topology. In a first series of experiments with TensorQuant, we show an analysis of fix-point quantizations of popular CNN topologies.
<title>Chemical sensors for environmental monitoring</title> (1992)

Fiber optic chemical sensors are being developed for on-line monitoring of gases and liquids. The sensors utilize novel porous polymer or glass optical fibers in which selective chemical reagents have been immobilized. These reagents react with the analyte of interest resulting in a change in the optical properties of the sensor. These sensors (or optrodes) are particularly suited to in-situ detection of atmospheric trace contaminants and dissolved gases and chemicals, as may be required for environmental monitoring. Sensors have been demonstrated for low part-per-billion level detection of aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrazines and ethylene. Sensors have also been demonstrated for carbon monoxide ammonia, and humidity. Also, relevant to groundwater monitoring is the development of an integrated pH optrode system for the pH range 4 - 8, with additional optrodes for lower pH ranges.
A ROBUST TOPOLOGY-ORIENTED INCREMENTAL ALGORITHM FOR VORONOI DIAGRAMS (1994)

The paper presents a robust algorithm for constructing Voronoi diagrams in the plane. The algorithm is based on an incremental method, but is quite new in that it is robust against numerical errors. Conventionally, geometric algorithms have been designed on the assumption that numerical errors do not take place, and hence they are not necessarily valid for real computers where numerical errors are inevitable. The algorithm to be proposed in this paper, on the other hand, is designed with the recognition that numerical errors are inevitable in real computation; i.e., in the proposed algorithm higher priority is placed on topological structures than on numerical values. As a result, the algorithm is "completely" robust in the sense that it always gives some output however poor the precision of numerical computation may be. In general, the output cannot be more than an approximation to the true Voronoi diagram which we should have got by infinite-precision computation. However, the algorithm is asymptotically correct in the sense that the output converges to the true diagram as the precision becomes higher. Moreover, careful choice of the way of numerical computation makes the algorithm stable enough; indeed the present version of the algorithm can construct in single-precision arithmetic a correct Voronoi diagram for one million generators randomly placed in the unit square in the plane.