gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Workflow-based large-scale integration hospital system (2005)

The research background of this paper is a large-scale hospital system. The reasons why it is difficult to develop the system are: there are many subsystems and legacy systems; and business is complicated etc. Existing large-scale hospital systems always use point-to-point methods (such as socket) to implement integration, so they lack the support to complex hospital business processes and it is difficult to assure fluent execution of business processes. This paper provides a workflow-based large-scale hospital system integration solution that uses Adapter, Web Services, JMS and other technologies; it solves all kinds of difficulties and problems. Practice illustrates that the integration solution is feasible.
Design of a Network-Based Anomaly Detection System Using VFDT Algorithm (2014)

ABSTRACT: Despite the rapid progress in information technology, the problem of protecting computer and network security remained a major challenge for most researchers, especially after the expansion of networks and evolution of technology and the increasing number of network users and the internet. Networks need some tools for protection, such as firewall, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS). The aim of this thesis is to build a Network-based Anomaly Detection System (NADS). This system depends on the normal behavior of the network, in that it can distinguish each abnormal behavior. This system can work in two modes, online and offline modes. Very Fast Decision Tree (VFDT) algorithm was used to build the classifier for intrusions. VFDT is one of the data mining algorithms that deal with high data streams in a very short time. Experimental results demonstrated that NADS system is highly successful in detecting known and unknown attacks by 93%. Keywords: Network Security, Intrusion Detection, Very Fast Decision Tree Algorithm, KKD CUP99 dataset. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ÖZ: Bilgi teknolojilerindeki hızlı gelişmelere rağmen bilgisayar ve ağ güvenliğinin sağlanması birçok araştırmacı için, özellikle ağ sayılarının çoğalması, teknolojinin değişmesi, sayıları artmakta olan ağ kullanıcıları ve İnternet gibi nedenlerle, çözülmesi zor bir konu olarak kalmıştır. Var olan ağların korunma için güvenlik duvarı, güvenlik ihlali tespit ve önleme sistemleri gibi çeşitli araçlara ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı ağ merkezli bir anormal saldırı tespit sistemi geliştirmektir (NADS). Adı geçen sistems ağın normal davranışına bağlı olarak anormal davranış biçimini tespit etme görevini sürdürüp çevirimiçi ve çevirimdışı olmak üzere iki biçimde çalışmaktadır. Ağ ihlallerinin sınıflandırılması için Çok Hızlı Karar Verme Ağacı (VFDT) algoritması kullanılmıştır. Çok Hızlı Karar Verme Ağacı kısa sürede gerçekleşen yüksek veri akışı ile ilgilenen veri madenciliği algoritmalarından biridir. Deneysel sonuçlar,ağ, ağ merkezli anormal saldırı tespit sisteminin bilinen (NADS) ve bilinmeyen saldırıları tespit etmekte % 93 başarılı olduğunu göstermiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağ Güvenliği, İhlal Tespiti,Çok Hızlı Karar Verme Ağacı Algoritması, KKD CUP99 veri grubu.
Deiodinase 2 Expression Is Increased in Dorsocervical Fat of Patients with HIV-Associated Lipohypertrophy Syndrome (2012)

Adipose tissue accumulating in the dorsocervical area in HIV lipodystrophy does not appear to be classical BAT. However, DIO2 expression is increased in DSAT among patients with HIV lipodystrophy, particularly those with increased visceral adiposity, and is positively associated with energy expenditure.
Convenient detection of HPV virus in a clinical sample using concurrent rolling circle and junction probe amplifications (2014)

Herein we show that two isothermal amplification strategies, rolling circle amplification and junction probe strategy, can be used in tandem in the same tube under isothermal conditions to detect HPV16 in clinical cervical swabs. It was discovered that the prior treatment of the clinical sample with a cocktail of restriction endonucleases (REAses) to digest the genomic DNA facilitated the isothermal detection assay.
Predictions of linear T‐cell and B‐cell epitopes in proteins encoded by HIV‐1, HIV‐2 and SIV<sub>MAC</sub> and the conservation of these sites between strains (1988)

An important consideration in the design of vaccines to prevent HIV-1 infection effective against different strains is the amino acid sequence conservation of antigenic determinants. Even one amino acid change can destroy the antigenicity of a site for the antibody or T-cell receptor. The comparisons of predicted T- and B-cell epitopes between human HIV-1, HIV-2 and monkey SIVMAC AIDS viruses are presented. The three major gene products (env, gag and pol) were examined. A number of epitopes were identical between strains of HIV-1. Our analysis highlights the problem of designing an effective HIV-1 and HIV-2 vaccine and also the problem of testing human vaccines in monkey models.
Human skin explant model for the investigation of topical therapeutics (2020)

The development of in vitro and ex vivo models to mimic human illness is important not only for scientific understanding and investigating therapeutic approaches but also to mitigate animal testing and bridge the inter-species translational gap. While in vitro models can facilitate high-throughput and cost-efficient evaluation of novel therapeutics, more complex ex vivo systems can better predict both desirable and adverse in vivo effects. Here we describe an ex vivo cultured human skin explant model in which we have characterized pathological tissue integrity, barrier function and metabolic stability over time. Our findings suggest that human skin can be successfully cultured for pharmacodynamic use up to and beyond 9 days without any adverse physiological consequence.
On breaking generalized knapsack public key cryptosystems (1983)

In this paper new methods, generalizing those of Shamir, are presented for attacking generalizations of the basic system. It is shown how these methods may be applied to the Graham-Shamir public-key crypto-system [2], and the iterated Merkle-Hellman public-key cryptosystem. We are unable to present a rigorous proof that the attacks presented here are effective. However, in the case of the Graham-Shamir system, the methods have been implemented and have performed well in tests.
Eosinophil-Associated Inflammation in Bronchial Asthma: A Connection to the Nervous System (1995)

Evidence exists that eosinophil cationic proteins damage respiratory epithelium in bronchial asthma. Furthermore, the degree of eosinophilia in the blood and the lung is related to bronchial hyperreactivity. The eosinophil might increase airway irritability by increasing vagal responsiveness. Sensitized challenged guinea pigs develop M2 muscarinic receptor cholinergic dysfunction which is abolished by injection of heparin or polyglutamate and both the eosinophil granule major basic protein and the eosinophil peroxidase act as allosteric M2 receptor antagonists. Thus, eosinophil-associated pulmonary inflammation in asthma may enhance vagally mediated bronchoconstriction.
A method to identify and validate mitochondrial modulators using mammalian cells and the worm C. elegans (2014)

Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles regulated by a complex network of proteins that are vital for many cellular functions. Because mitochondrial modulators can impact many aspects of cellular homeostasis, their identification and validation has proven challenging. It requires the measurement of multiple parameters in parallel to understand the exact nature of the changes induced by such compounds. We developed a platform of assays scoring for mitochondrial function in two complementary models systems, mammalian cells and C. elegans. We first optimized cell culture conditions and established the mitochondrial signature of 1,200 FDA-approved drugs in liver cells. Using cell-based and C. elegans assays, we further defined the metabolic effects of two pharmacological classes that emerged from our hit list, i.e. imidazoles and statins. We found that these two drug classes affect respiration through different and cholesterol-independent mechanisms in both models. Our screening strategy enabled us to unequivocally identify compounds that have toxic or beneficial effects on mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, the cross-species approach provided novel mechanistic insight and allowed early validation of hits that act on mitochondrial function.
Single Radial Immunodiffusion (1996)

Single radial immunodiffusion is used extensively for the quantitative estimation of antigens (). In this method, the antigen-antibody precipitation is made more sensitive than in double immunodiffusion (see Chapter 135) by the incorporation of the antiserum in the agar solution before the gel is made (). Thus, the antiserum is uniformly distributed throughout the agar gel. Antigen is then allowed to diffuse from wells cut into the agar gel. This is an example of single (simple) immunodiffusion. Initially, as the antigen diffuses out of the well, its concentration is relatively high and it forms relatively soluble antigen—antibody adducts. However, as it diffuses further and further from the well, its concentration decreases. When its concentration becomes equivalent to that of the antibody in the gel, a disk of antigen—antibody precipitate (precipitin) is formed. The greater the initial concentration of antigen in the well, the greater the diameter of the precipitin disk. Thus, by running a range of known antigen concentrations on the gel and by measuring the diameters of their precipitin disks, a calibration graph can be constructed. The antigen concentrations of unknown samples run on the same gel can then be found by simple interpolation having measured the diameters of the respective precipitin disks.
Graceful Degradation Properties of Matched N-Port Power Amplifier Combiners (2005)

The graceful degradation properties of matched isolated power combiners as a function of amplifier failures of the same type has been determined using general techniques applicable to all such circuits. The effects of complete amplifier failures, amplitude and phase imbalances and poor VSWRs on overall combiner system output power, combining efficiency and input-output impedances can be determined by the resulting equations and plots.
International Police Force Or Tool For Harassment Of Human Rights Defenders And Political Adversaries: Interpol's Rift With The Human Rights Community (2002)

The limits imposed on member states are explicitly set forth in Article III of the ICPO-Interpol Constitution and General Regulations.
Automatic Extraction of Major Object in the Image based on Image Composition (2008)

본 논문에서는 새로운 주요객체 자동추출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 크게 2단계 과정으로 요약될 수 있다. 1단계로 객체와 배경을 분리하는 영상분할 작업을 수행한다. 우선적으로 '인간은 3또는 4개의 주요 색상으로 축약하여 사물을 인식한다'는 연구 결과에 따라 K-means 알고리즘을 이용하여 3구역으로 분할하고, 분할된 영상 간 히스토그램 유사도를 계산하여 임계값 이상으로 유사하면 병합하는 과정을 수행한다. 2단계로 영상구도에 근거해 분할된 영상 중에 객체라고 지정하는 작업을 수행한다. 사람이 사진을 잘 찍기 위해서는 '주요객체의 위치를 영상구도에 맞추어 촬영하는 것이 바람직하다는 사실'에 근거하여 삼각구도를 바탕으로 가중치 마스크를 설계하여 객체위치를 역 추정하였다. 제안된 방법의 우수성을 보이기 위해 약 400개의 영상에 대해 실험하였으며, 최근에 발표된 KMCC, GBIS방법과도 비교하였다. A new algorithm for automatic extraction of interesting objects is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm can be summarized in two steps. First, segmentation of color image that split interesting objects and backgrounds is performed. According to the research stating, 'Humans perceive things by contracting color into three to four essential colors,' a color image is segmented into three regions utilizing k-mean algorithm, followed by annexing the regions when the similarities of them exceeds the critical value based on the calculation of degrees in the histogram similarity, Second, identifying the interesting objects out of the segmented image, partitioned by the image composition theory, is performed. To have a good picture, it is important to adjust positions of interesting objects according to picture composition. Extracting objects is a retro-deduction process using a weighted mask designed upon the triangular composition of picture. To prove the quality of the proposed method, experiments are performed over four hundreds images as well as comparison with recently proposed KMCC and GBIS methods.
Specific TRPC6 Channel Activation, a Novel Approach to Stimulate Keratinocyte Differentiation (2008)

The protective epithelial barrier in our skin undergoes constant regulation, whereby the balance between differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes plays a major role. Impaired keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation are key elements in the pathophysiology of several important dermatological diseases, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Ca(2+) influx plays an essential role in this process presumably mediated by different transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. However, investigating their individual role was hampered by the lack of specific stimulators or inhibitors. Because we have recently identified hyperforin as a specific TRPC6 activator, we investigated the contribution of TRPC6 to keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Like the endogenous differentiation stimulus high extracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](o)), hyperforin triggers differentiation in HaCaT cells and in primary cultures of human keratinocytes by inducing Ca(2+) influx via TRPC6 channels and additional inhibition of proliferation. Knocking down TRPC6 channels prevents the induction of Ca(2+)- and hyperforin-induced differentiation. Importantly, TRPC6 activation is sufficient to induce keratinocyte differentiation similar to the physiological stimulus [Ca(2+)](o). Therefore, TRPC6 activation by hyperforin may represent a new innovative therapeutic strategy in skin disorders characterized by altered keratinocyte differentiation.
Requirement of Rigid-Body Motion of Transmembrane Helices for Light Activation of Rhodopsin (1996)

Conformational changes are thought to underlie the activation of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors. Such changes in rhodopsin were explored by construction of double cysteine mutants, each containing one cysteine at the cytoplasmic end of helix C and one cysteine at various positions in the cytoplasmic end of helix F. Magnetic dipolar interactions between spin labels attached to these residues revealed their proximity, and changes in their interaction upon rhodopsin light activation suggested a rigid body movement of helices relative to one another. Disulfide cross-linking of the helices prevented activation of transducin, which suggests the importance of this movement for activation of rhodopsin.
The influence of tungsten compounds on the synthesis and properties of polyaniline (2005)

Abstract Aniline was oxidized in an acidic aqueous medium with ammonium peroxydisulfate in the presence of various concentrations of tungsten compounds. The oxidation has two phases: an induction period followed by the exothermic polymerization. The course of oxidation was monitored by recording the reaction temperature or pH. The introduction of 2 mol% sodium tungstate (relative to aniline) prolonged the induction period from 5 to 30 min. Such molar concentration of tungstosilicic acid delayed the onset of polymerization by 120 min. The effect of sodium molybdate was less pronounced; sodium chromate had no influence on the course of oxidation. The presence of tungsten compounds had not affected the conductivity and molecular weight of the produced polyaniline. FTIR spectra and density determinations have proved that tungstate and tungstosilicate counter‐ions have been incorporated into polyaniline when they were present in the reaction mixture. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Sucrose, a convenient test crystal for absolute structures (1991)

β-(2S,3S,4S,5R)-Fructofuranosyl-α-(1R,2R,3S,4S,5R)-glucopyranoside or sucrose, with formula C12H22O11 and crystallizing with two molecules per cell in the monoclinic space group P21, a = 10.8631 (9), b = 8.7044 (6), c = 7.7624 (7) Å, β = 102.938 (7)° at 300 (1) K, is readily available as a pure enantiomer. Its small cell volume, stability, purity, low thermal motion and the absence of its enantiomorph in a material available from grocery stores commend it as a test compound for experimental set-ups aimed at the determination of absolute structures. Practical details of recrystallization, crystal selection and mounting, experimental method as well as data processing are given together with lists of indices for Bijvoet differences sensitive to the hand of the molecule.
E2F-1 induces melanoma cell apoptosis via PUMA up-regulation and Bax translocation (2007)

Our studies strongly demonstrated that E2F-1 induces melanoma cell apoptosis via PUMA up-regulation and Bax translocation. The signaling pathways provided here will further enhance insights on the mechanisms of E2F-1-induced cancer cell apoptosis as a strategy for cancer therapy.
Responses of mouse lymphocytes to extracellular ATP. II. Extracellular ATP causes cell type-dependent lysis and DNA fragmentation. (1990)

Extracellular ATP (ATPo) caused dose-dependent lysis of YAC-1 and P-815 mouse tumor cells. This event, assessed by 51Cr release, was accompanied by sustained depolarization of the plasma membrane potential and Ca2+ influx. Plasma membrane depolarization and Ca2+ influx occurred within a few seconds of ATPo addition to both cell types, whereas 51Cr was released without apparent lag in YAC-1 cells and after 2 h in P-815 cells. Furthermore, a rise in [Ca2+]i was required for ATPo-dependent lysis of YAC-1 but not P-815 cells. In P-815 cells, ATPo caused an early and [Ca2+]i-independent DNA fragmentation that occurred at lower nucleotide concentrations than those required to trigger 51Cr release. Instead in YAC-1 cells very low concentrations of ATPo caused early lysis (ED50 for lysis about 200 microM) accompanied by only barely detectable DNA fragmentation. Previous studies disclosed that lymphokine-activated killer cells are fully resistant to the membrane-perturbing effects of ATPo. We show that lymphokine-activated killer cells also do not undergo DNA fragmentation even in the presence of high ATPo concentrations. This study complements previous observations on the lytic effects of ATPo and shows that this nucleotide can also cause DNA fragmentation, one of the earliest target cell alterations observed during CTL-mediated lysis.
Implantable Microsystem Technologies For Nanoliter-Resolution Inner Ear Drug Delivery (2019)

Advances in protective and restorative biotherapies have created new opportunities to use site-directed, programmable drug delivery systems to treat auditory and vestibular disorders. Successful therapy development that leverages the transgenic, knock-in, and knock-out variants of mouse models of human disease requires advanced microsystems specifically designed to function with nanoliter precision and with system volumes suitable for implantation. The present work demonstrates a novel biocompatible, implantable, and scalable microsystem consisted of a thermal phase-change peristaltic micropump with wireless control and a refillable reservoir. The micropump is fabricated around a catheter microtubing (250 μm OD, 125 μm ID) that provided a biocompatible leak-free flow path while avoiding complicated microfluidic interconnects. Direct-write micro-scale printing technology was used to build the mechanical components of the pump around the microtubing directly on the back of a printed circuit board assembly. In vitro characterization results indicated nanoliter resolution control over the desired flow rates of 10–100 nL/min by changing the actuation frequency, with negligible deviations in presence of up to 10× greater than physiological backpressures and ±3°C ambient temperature variation. A biocompatibility study was performed to evaluate material suitability for chronic subcutaneous implantation and clinical translational development. A stand-alone, refillable, in-plane, scalable, and fully implantable microreservoir platform was designed and fabricated to be integrated with the micropump. The microreservoir consists two main components: a cavity for storing the drug and a septum for refilling. The cavity membrane is fabricated with thin Parylene-C layers, using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) sacrificial layer. The septum thickness is minimized by pre-compression down to 1 mm. The results of in vitro characterization indicated negligible restoring force for the optimized cavity membrane and thousands of punctures through the septum without leakage. The micropump and microreservoir were integrated into microsystems which were implanted in mice. The microtubing was implanted into the round window membrane niche for infusion of a known ototoxic compound (sodium salicylate) at 50 nL/min for 20 min. Real-time shifts in distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds and amplitudes were measured during the infusion. The results match with syringe pump gold standard. For the first time a miniature and yet scalable microsystem for inner ear drug delivery was developed, enabling drug discovery opportunities and translation to human.
SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A NOVEL FUSED POLYHEDRAL BORANE DIANION, [B22H22]2-: POTENTIAL PRECURSOR FOR USE IN BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY (BNCT) OF CANCER (1998)

Article SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A NOVEL FUSED POLYHEDRAL BORANE DIANION, [B22H22]2-: POTENTIAL PRECURSOR FOR USE IN BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY (BNCT) OF CANCER was published on June 1, 1998 in the journal Main Group Metal Chemistry (volume 21, issue 6).
Ordered Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: Unidirectional FRET Cascade in Nanocompartmentalized Polyelectrolyte Multilayers (2008)

Multifunctional polyelectrolyte (or layer-by-layer, LbL) multilayers consisting of a set of nanocompartments separated by impermeable ultrathin barriers, whereby the thickness of the compartments is tuned in the range 1-10 nm, are synthesized. Each compartment contains a different dye, introduced by co-adsorption during multilayer deposition. Different LbL barriers are tested for impermeability towards dye diffusion while simultaneously allowing energy transfer to occur between the compartmentalized dyes. Cross-linked LbL multilayers based on poly(acrylic acid) and poly(allyl amine) are shown to provide the desired impermeability for thicknesses as small as about 2.5 nm. A proof-of-concept system is then realized involving a cascade of two FRET processes, whereby the light energy is collected in a first nanocompartment containing pyranine, sent to a second nanocompartment loaded with fluorescein, before finally being transferred to a third, Nile blue-filled compartment located at the external surface of the film. This demonstrates the possibility to fabricate complex light-harvesting antenna systems by LbL assembly while controlling the architecture of the antenna down to a few nanometers.
<i>In Situ</i> Real-Time TEM Reveals Growth, Transformation and Function in One-Dimensional Nanoscale Materials: From a Nanotechnology Perspective (2013)

This paper summarises recent developments in in situ TEM instrumentation and operation conditions. The focus of the discussion is on demonstrating how improved understanding of fundamental physical phenomena associated with nanowire or nanotube materials, revealed by following transformations in real time and high resolution, can assist the engineering of emerging electronic and optoelectronic devices. Special attention is given to Si, Ge, and compound semiconductor nanowires and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as one of the most promising building blocks for devices inspired by nanotechnology.