gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The human leukocyte integrin CD11a promoter directs expression in leukocytes of transgenic mice (1995)

The human CD11a molecule is expressed specifically on lymphocytes, monocyte/macrophages, and neutrophils, in which it mediates important adhesion-related functions. We used 1.7 kb of regulatory sequences upstream from the human CD11a gene transcription start site to drive expression of a modified human CD4 reporter gene in transgenic mice. The transgene was expressed in a tissue-specific fashion on all leukocytes and paralleled endogenous mouse CD11a expression. All five founder mice expressed the transgene, providing evidence for integration site-independent expression. However, expression was not proportional to transgene copy number. These studies indicate that (1) the mutated human CD4 serves as an excellent reporter for analysis of leukocyte-specific promoters; (2) the CD11a regulatory unit used here represents a novel reagent for targeting gene expression to leukocytes; and (3) additional regulatory regions will be required for copy-number-dependent activity of CD11a regulatory sequences.
Protein Import into Mammalian Mitochondria (1996)

We have characterized several intermediates in the mitochondrial import stimulation factor (MSF)-dependent import into mammalian mitochondria of a matrix-targeted precursor, preadrenodoxin (pAd). In the first step, pAd docks onto the 37-kDa protein of the outer membrane (OM37) as a complex with MSF (stage I intermediate). It is then transferred to the import pore of OM in the presence of ATP, but in the absence of Deltapsi across the inner membrane (IM), to form stage II intermediate. Depletion of matrix ATP in the presence of both extramitochondrial ATP and Deltapsi induces accumulation of stage III intermediate, which is a mixture of the precursor with different intramitochondrial localizations: the precursor whose presequence had crossed either OM (IIIa) or both OM and IM (IIIb), but with a bulk portion remaining exposed to the cytosol and the precursor whose presequence had crossed both membranes, but with a residual portion staying within the intermembrane space (IIIc). These intermediates are on the correct import pathway and are characteristic in their protease accessibility, salt extractability, and antibody accessibility, as well as in their energy requirement for the chase reaction.
Characteristics of Winter Lightning Threatening Wind Turbines in Coastal Area of the Sea of Japan (2013)

Abstract Wind turbines on the coast of the Sea of Japan have been damaged by lightning in winter. This is due to the frequent occurrence of upward lightning from wind turbines in winter. Occurrence of upward lightning proves to be closely related to the temperature distribution at high altitudes. In this paper, the correlation between lightning hits of wind turbines and the height of the—10 ° C layer is analyzed. When an upward lightning hits a wind turbine in winter, the height of the—10 ° C layer is lower than 2000 m in most cases. Moreover, winter lightning is classified into two types, namely, the storm type and the inactive type, and it is found that the parameters of lightning currents observed by LLS differ depending on the type of lightning storm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(2): 44–50, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22357
Lu AE58054, a 5-HT6 antagonist, reverses cognitive impairment induced by subchronic phencyclidine in a novel object recognition test in rats (2010)

The in-vitro potency and selectivity, in-vivo binding affinity and effect of the 5-HT(6)R antagonist Lu AE58054 ([2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-[3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)-benzyl]-amine) on impaired cognition were evaluated. Lu AE58054 displayed high affinity to the human 5-HT(6) receptor (5-HT(6)R) with a Ki of 0.83 nm. In a 5-HT(6) GTPgammaS efficacy assay Lu AE58054 showed no agonist activity, but demonstrated potent inhibition of 5-HT-mediated activation. Besides medium affinity to adrenergic alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-adrenoreceptors, Lu AE58054 demonstrated >50-fold selectivity for more than 70 targets examined. Orally administered Lu AE58054 potently inhibited striatal in-vivo binding of the 5-HT(6) antagonist radioligand [(3)H]Lu AE60157 ([(3)H]8-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-phenylsulfonylquinoline), with an ED(50) of 2.7 mg/kg. Steady-state modelling of an acute pharmacokinetic/5-HT(6)R occupancy time-course experiment indicated a plasma EC(50) value of 20 ng/ml. Administration of Lu AE58054 in a dose range (5-20 mg/kg p.o.) leading to above 65% striatal 5-HT(6)R binding occupancy in vivo, reversed cognitive impairment in a rat novel object recognition task induced after subchronic treatment for 7 d with phencyclidine (PCP 2 mg/kg b.i.d., i.p. for 7 d, followed by 7 d drug free). The results indicate that Lu AE58054 is a selective antagonist of 5-HT(6)Rs with good oral bioavailability and robust efficacy in a rat model of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Lu AE58054 may be useful for the pharmacotherapy of cognitive dysfunction in disease states such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
Molecular-Marker-Facilitated Investigations of Quantitative-Trait Loci in Maize. I. Numbers, Genomic Distribution and Types of Gene Action (1987)

Individual genetic factors which underlie variation in quantitative traits of maize were investigated in each of two F2 populations by examining the mean trait expressions of genotypic classes at each of 17-20 segregating marker loci. It was demonstrated that the trait expression of marker locus classes could be interpreted in terms of genetic behavior at linked quantitative trait loci (QTLs). For each of 82 traits evaluated, QTLs were detected and located to genomic sites. The numbers of detected factors varied according to trait, with the average trait significantly influenced by almost two-thirds of the marked genomic sites. Most of the detected associations between marker loci and quantitative traits were highly significant, and could have been detected with fewer than the 1800-1900 plants evaluated in each population. The cumulative, simple effects of marker-linked regions of the genome explained between 8 and 40% of the phenotypic variation for a subset of 25 traits evaluated. Single marker loci accounted for between 0.3% and 16% of the phenotypic variation of traits. Individual plant heterozygosity, as measured by marker loci, was significantly associated with variation in many traits. The apparent types of gene action at the QTLs varied both among traits and between loci for given traits, although overdominance appeared frequently, especially for yield-related traits. The prevalence of apparent overdominance may reflect the effects of multiple QTLs within individual marker-linked regions, a situation which would tend to result in overestimation of dominance. Digenic epistasis did not appear to be important in determining the expression of the quantitative traits evaluated. Examination of the effects of marked regions on the expression of pairs of traits suggests that genomic regions vary in the direction and magnitudes of their effects on trait correlations, perhaps providing a means of selecting to dissociate some correlated traits. Marker-facilitated investigations appear to provide a powerful means of examining aspects of the genetic control of quantitative traits. Modifications of the methods employed herein will allow examination of the stability of individual gene effects in varying genetic backgrounds and environments.
Aqueous Noncovalent Functionalization and Controlled Near-Surface Carbon Doping of Multiwalled Boron Nitride Nanotubes (2008)

Noncovalent functionalization of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in aqueous solution was achieved by means of pi-stacking of an anionic perylene derivative, through which carboxylate-functionalized BNNTs were prepared for the first time. Starting from the functionalized nanotubes, an innovative methodology was designed and demonstrated for the controlled near-surface carbon doping of BNNTs. As a result of such delicate doping, novel B-C-N/BN coaxial nanotubes have been fabricated, and their p-type semiconducting behaviors were elucidated through gate-dependent transport measurements.
Extrinsic Calibration of a Laser Galvanometric Setup and a Range Camera (2018)

Currently, galvanometric scanning systems (like the one used in a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer) rely on a planar calibration procedure between a two-dimensional (2D) camera and the laser galvanometric scanning system to automatically aim a laser beam at a particular point on an object. In the case of nonplanar or moving objects, this calibration is not sufficiently accurate anymore. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) calibration procedure that uses a 3D range sensor is proposed. The 3D calibration is valid for all types of objects and retains its accuracy when objects are moved between subsequent measurement campaigns. The proposed 3D calibration uses a Non-Perspective-n-Point (NPnP) problem solution. The 3D range sensor is used to calculate the position of the object under test relative to the laser galvanometric system. With this extrinsic calibration, the laser galvanometric scanning system can automatically aim a laser beam to this object. In experiments, the mean accuracy of aiming the laser beam on an object is below 10 mm for 95% of the measurements. This achieved accuracy is mainly determined by the accuracy and resolution of the 3D range sensor. The new calibration method is significantly better than the original 2D calibration method, which in our setup achieves errors below 68 mm for 95% of the measurements.
Significant differences in the material properties between aged human and porcine aortic tissues (2010)

Significant material and structural differences were observed between the human and porcine tissues, which raise questions on the validity of using porcine models to investigate the biomechanics involved in PAV intervention.
Fully Automated, Homogeneous Nucleic Acid Detection Technology Based on Dry-Reagent Assay Chemistry and Time-Resolved Fluorometry (2007)

Nucleic acid diagnostic techniques are increasingly used for bacterial detection (1). However, because of a lack of automation, DNA testing has thus far been mainly performed by laboratory personnel with a high level of expertise in molecular biology. Recently, homogeneous detection technologies(2) have greatly decreased the risk of cross-contamination. To further improve the reproducibility of PCR, manufacturers have introduced universal PCR master mixes containing all reagents at predetermined concentrations. Although these ready-to-use mixes have facilitated PCR setup, they still require cold storage and careful liquid handling for consistent performance. More recently, the automation of all assay steps including sample preparation has become feasible, and fully integrated, high-performance nucleic acid analyzers(3) have become commercially available. However, the high cost of analyzers and assays still limits their routine use.

To facilitate the everyday use of PCR, we have developed a new instrument platform, GenomEra™, which combines rapid thermal cycling (4); low-cost plastic reaction vessels(4); a homogeneous, dual-label assay technology based on end-point time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) detection; software with an intuitive user interface; and ready-to-use dry-reagent reagent sets(5). The GenomEra assay chips are made of polypropylene and metal foil, allowing optimal optical characteristics and a high speed of thermal transfer. The foil acts as a mirror to enhance the intensity of the long-lifetime fluorescence measured from the closed reaction vessels. Thermal cycling in the GenomEra instrument is based on a conveyor that transfers the reaction chips cyclically between thermal blocks maintained at constant temperatures. Combined with the assay chips that are laminated with metal foil, the rate of temperature change inside the reaction chamber can be highly accelerated compared to conventional 1-block instruments. In addition to the denaturation, annealing/extension, and measurement blocks, “hot” and “cold” blocks set to more extreme temperatures are used to further increase the speed of …
A 260GHz broadband source with 1.1mW continuous-wave radiated power and EIRP of 15.7dBm in 65nm CMOS (2013)

Terahertz spectroscopy using silicon technology is gaining attraction for future portable and affordable material identification equipment. To do this, a broadband THz radiation source is critical. Unfortunately, the bandwidth of the prior CMOS works is not sufficient. In [1], the 300GHz signal source achieves 4.5% tuning range by changing the coupling among multiple oscillators. In [2], the DAR array has 3% tuning range with radiation capability. Alternative to the continuous device-tuning method, THz time-domain spectroscopy utilizing the broadband spectrum of picosecond pulses is widely used in the optics community [3]. In this paper, a high-power pulse-based sub-millimeter-Wave radiation source using 65nm bulk CMOS technology is reported. The architecture of this transmitter is shown in Fig. 8.2.1, where four differential core oscillator pairs are mutually coupled through four quadrature oscillators. Each core oscillator pair generates 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -harmonic signals at 260GHz that are power-combined after radiating through eight on-chip antennas. Four shunt switches, controlled by narrow pulses (width≈45ps) modulate the radiation. The pulses are generated by local digital circuit blocks with programmable repetition rate up to 5GHz. This way, the broadband spectrum of the pulses is upconverted to the carrier frequency of 260GHz. Without modulation, the chip achieves a continuous-wave radiated power of 1.1mW. Under modulation, the measured bandwidth of the source is 24.7GHz, which makes it suitable for many FTIR-based THz spectrometers. In addition, if the switches are modulated by digital data, this chip can also be used as a transmitter for sub-millimeter/THz wireless communications.
Continuous Wave Venous Doppler Examination for Pretreatment Diagnosis of Varicose and Telangiectatic Veins (1995)

Continuous wave Doppler examination is a rapid, precise method to determine sources of reverse physiologic flow (reflux) prior to treatment of varicose and telangiectatic leg veins. Doppler-assisted mapping of physiologic abnormalities of the venous system should be the second step following physical examination.
Online VNF Lifecycle Management in an MEC-Enabled 5G IoT Architecture (2019)

The upcoming fifth generation (5G) mobile communications urge software-defined networks (SDNs) and network function virtualization (NFV) to join forces with the multiaccess edge computing (MEC) cause. Thus, reduced latency and increased capacity at the edge of the network can be achieved, to satisfy the requirements of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. If not properly orchestrated, the flexibility of the virtual network functions (VNFs) incorporation, in terms of deployment and lifecycle management, may cause serious issues in the NFV scheme. As the service level agreements (SLAs) of the 5G applications compete in an environment with traffic variations and VNF placement options with diverse computing or networking resources, an online placement approach is needed. In this article, we discuss the VNF lifecycle management challenges that arise from such heterogeneous architecture, in terms of VNF onboarding and scheduling. In particular, we enhance the intelligence of the NFV orchestrator (NFVO) by providing: 1) a latency-based embedding mechanism, where the VNFs are initially allocated to the appropriate tier and 2) an online scheduling algorithm, where the VNFs are instantiated, scaled, migrated, and destroyed based on the actual traffic. Finally, we design and implement an MEC-enabled 5G platform to evaluate our proposed mechanisms in real-life scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme maximizes the number of served users in the system by taking advantage of the online allocation of edge and core resources, without violating the application SLAs.
On service guarantees for input-buffered crossbar switches: a capacity decomposition approach by Birkhoff and von Neumann (2003)

Based on a decomposition result by Birkhoff (1946) and von Neumann (1953) for a doubly substochastic matrix, in this paper we propose a scheduling algorithm that is capable of providing service guarantees for input-buffered crossbar switches. Our service guarantees are uniformly good for all non-uniform traffic, and thus imply 100% throughput. The off-line computational complexity to identify the scheduling algorithm is O(N/sup 4.5/) for an N/spl times/N switch. Once the algorithm is identified, its on-line computational complexity is O(logN) and its on-line memory complexity is O(N/sup 3/logN). Neither framing nor internal speedup is required for our approach.
Microarray Analysis of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis and Eosinophilic Mucin Rhinosinusitis (2007)

This study demonstrates that complementary DNA microarray analysis is a feasible tool for studying different disease subclassifications and is the first to study these subclasses in chronic rhinosinusitis.
Lower maternal folate status in early pregnancy is associated with childhood hyperactivity and peer problems in offspring (2009)

Although the associations are small and residual confounding is possible, our data provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that lower folate status in early pregnancy might impair fetal brain development and affect hyperactivity/inattention and peer problems in childhood.
Apolipoprotein B Quantified by Particle-Concentration Fluorescence Immunoassay (1992)

We have developed a particle-concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA) for estimating apolipoprotein (apo) B concentrations in plasma. A two-step antigen-detection system with a polyclonal antibody to apo B bound to carboxyl-polystyrene particles binds the antigen, and a fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody detects the bound apo B. Narrow-cut low-density lipoproteins (d = 1.03-1.05 kg/L) were used as the primary standard. The assay compares well with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The PCFIA gives parallel responses with low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoproteins, and plasma samples, and can be fully automated and completed in 3 h. In a pilot study of patients with diabetes, coronary artery disease (CAD), or both, we found statistically significant differences in apo B concentrations for patients with both CAD and diabetes compared with those for patients with diabetes alone or for control subjects (P < 0.01).
Structural Characterization of Binding Mode of Smoking Cessation Drugs to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors through Study of Ligand Complexes with Acetylcholine-binding Protein (2012)

Smoking cessation is an important aim in public health worldwide as tobacco smoking causes many preventable deaths. Addiction to tobacco smoking results from the binding of nicotine to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain, in particular the α4β2 receptor. One way to aid smoking cessation is by the use of nicotine replacement therapies or partial nAChR agonists like cytisine or varenicline. Here we present the co-crystal structures of cytisine and varenicline in complex with Aplysia californica acetylcholine-binding protein and use these as models to investigate binding of these ligands binding to nAChRs. This analysis of the binding properties of these two partial agonists provides insight into differences with nicotine binding to nAChRs. A mutational analysis reveals that the residues conveying subtype selectivity in nAChRs reside on the binding site complementary face and include features extending beyond the first shell of contacting residues.
Optimisation of the electrochemical bath for growing device‐quality CuInSe2 thin films (1998)

The electrochemical bath used for growing device-quality CIS (CuInSe2) thin films by co-deposition as well as layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition was characterised and optimised with respect to the film properties. The bath composition was varied by changing the Cu, In and Se ion concentrations in specific ratios in both co-deposition and LBL deposition. The film properties were analysed using techniques such as SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EPMA (electron probe microanalysis), AES (Auger electron spectroscopy) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The structural, morphological and compositional properties of the films were characterised and their variation is attributed to the bath composition and growth conditions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of the yeast HOM3 gene which encodes aspartokinase. (1988)

The yeast HOM3 gene has been cloned molecularly by complementation of a HOM3 mutant. The gene is located about 8 kilobase pairs from HIS1 and is present as a single copy in the yeast genome. Mutations in HOM3 result in a requirement for threonine and methionine (or homoserine) for growth and a lack of detectable aspartokinase activity. The nucleotide sequence of HOM3 predicts an enzyme 414 amino acids long that shows homology to the three Escherichia coli aspartokinases, indicating that it is the structural gene for yeast aspartokinase. An approximately 1800-base pair mRNA is transcribed from the HOM3 gene, initiating at several start sites, 80 and 70 base pairs downstream, respectively, from two TATA boxes. Upstream of the TATA boxes is a single TGACTC sequence. This sequence has been shown to be essential for regulation of several genes that encode amino acid biosynthetic enzymes by the general control system. However, no increase in aspartokinase mRNA is observed under general control derepressing conditions.
<title>Supporting IP multicast integrated services in ATM networks</title> (1997)

This paper presents an integrated, server-based mechanism for the efficient support of the IP integrated services (IIS) model in ATM networks, namely the multicast integration server (MIS) architecture. Instead of viewing IP-ATM multicast address resolution and QoS support separately, the approach in this paper is to consider such issues in an integrated manner. The multicast integration server is capable of IP multicast to ATM NSAP address resolution using the easy multicast routing through ATM clouds (EARTH) protocol, as well as of QoS management using the resource reservation protocol (RSVP). With the use of EARTH, several ATM point-to-multipoint connections with different QoS parameters can be associated to a single IP multicast address. AN RSVP server within the MIS is used to distribute RSVP messages inside the ATM cloud and to set the corresponding QoS state in the address resolution table of EARTH. In addition, this paper defines a quantized heterogeneity model which supports, together with the MIS, advanced IIS features as QoS heterogeneity and dynamic QoS changes in IP-ATM networks.