gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Thermoregulatory Threshold in Humans during Nitrous Oxide-Fentanyl Anesthesia (1988)

Narcotics and nitrous oxide (N2O) inhibit thermoregulatory responses in animals. The extent to which N2O/fentanyl anesthesia lowers the thermoregulatory threshold in humans was tested by measuring peripheral cutaneous vasoconstriction using skin-surface temperature gradients (forearm temperature-fingertip temperature) and the laser Doppler perfusion index. Fifteen unpremedicated patients were anesthetized with N2O (70%) and fentanyl (10 micrograms/kg iv bolus followed by 4 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 infusion) during elective, donor nephrectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo additional warming (humidified respiratory gases, warmed intravenous fluids, and a heating blanket over the legs; n = 5) or standard temperature management (no special warming measures; n = 10). Significant vasoconstriction was prospectively defined as a skin-surface temperature gradient between forearm surface and finger-tip surface greater than or equal to 4 degrees C, and the thermoregulatory threshold was defined as the esophageal temperature at which such vasoconstriction occurred. Vasoconstriction did not occur in the patients who received additional warming and thus remained nearly normothermic [average minimum esophageal temperature = 35.8 +/- 0.4 degrees C (SD)] but did in six hypothermic patients at a mean esophageal temperature of 34.2 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Four hypothermic patients developed a passive thermal steady state without becoming sufficiently cold to trigger vasoconstriction. Thus, active thermoregulation occurs during N2O/fentanyl anesthesia but does not occur until core temperatures are approximately 2.5 degrees C lower than normal. The thermoregulatory threshold during N2O/fentanyl anesthesia is similar to that previously determined during halothane (34.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of an online bagasse analysis system using NIR spectroscopy (2006)

THIS PAPER describes the development of an online NIR-based Bagasse Analysis System (BAS) at the Mulgrave Central Mill. It includes performance statistics in calibration and validation for equations developed and describes the electronic linking of a cane analysis system (CAS) with the bagasse system to calculate milling train pol extraction in real time. It also describes the development of NIR calibrations for bagasse calorific value and presents statistics describing the accuracy and precision of these calculated values.
Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Trial Design (2020)

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have advanced to a level of maturity that allows them to be employed under real-life conditions to assist human decision-makers. AI has the potential to transform key steps of clinical trial design from study preparation to execution towards improving trial success rates, thus lowering the pharma R&D burden. Suboptimal patient cohort selection and recruiting techniques, paired with the inability to monitor patients effectively during trials, are two of the main causes for high trial failure rates: only one of 10 compounds entering a clinical trial reaches the market. This session will explain in layman's terms some of the foundations of AI methodology, such as Machine Learning and Deep Learning, highlighting how recent advances can be applied at specific stages of the clinical trial design process to improve cohort composition, patient recruitment, medication compliance and patient retention. A special focus will be given to describing how patients in neurology trials could be monitored more efficiently through Digital Disease Diaries, which use wearable devices, machine learning at the edge and cloud technology to automatically detect and log disease episodes and patient adherence to trial protocols. Like all technical revolutions, this comes with challenges and risks, both technical and regulatory. In particular, we will discuss scalability, data encryption and patient privacy.
Novel High-Resolution OTDR Technology for Multi-Gbps Transceivers (2014)

We present high-resolution optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) integration into fiber optic transceivers. Transceivers with built-in-test (BIT) OTDR can characterize the fiber plant and isolate faults to reduce network installation and maintenance costs.
Hierarchical Assembly of Plasmonic Nanostructures Using Virus Capsid Scaffolds on DNA Origami Templates (2014)

Building plasmonic nanostructures using biomolecules as scaffolds has shown great potential for attaining tunable light absorption and emission via precise spatial organization of optical species and antennae. Here we report bottom-up assembly of hierarchical plasmonic nanostructures using DNA origami templates and MS2 virus capsids. These serve as programmable scaffolds that provide molecular level control over the distribution of fluorophores and nanometer-scale control over their distance from a gold nanoparticle antenna. While previous research using DNA origami to assemble plasmonic nanostructures focused on determining the distance-dependent response of single fluorophores, here we address the challenge of constructing hybrid nanostructures that present an organized ensemble of fluorophores and then investigate the plasmonic response. By combining finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations with atomic force microscopy and correlated scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy, we find that the use of the scaffold keeps the majority of the fluorophores out of the quenching zone, leading to increased fluorescence intensity and mild levels of enhancement. The results show that the degree of enhancement can be controlled by exploiting capsid scaffolds of different sizes and tuning capsid-AuNP distances. These bioinspired plasmonic nanostructures provide a flexible design for manipulating photonic excitation and photoemission.
NMR-Based Chemosensing via <i>p</i>-H<sub>2</sub> Hyperpolarization: Application to Natural Extracts (2016)

When dealing with trace analysis of complex mixtures, NMR suffers from both low sensitivity and signal overlap. NMR chemosensing, in which the association between an analyte and a receptor is "signaled" by an NMR response, has been proposed as a valuable analytical tool for biofluids and natural extracts. Such chemosensors offer the possibility to simultaneously detect and distinguish different analytes in solution, which makes them particularly suitable for analytical applications on complex mixtures. In this study, we have combined NMR chemosensing with nuclear spin hyperpolarization. This was realized using an iridium complex as a receptor in the presence of parahydrogen: association of the target analytes to the metal center results in approximately 1000-fold enhancement of the NMR response. This amplification allows the detection, identification, and quantification of analytes at low-micromolar concentrations, provided they can weakly associate to the iridium chemosensor. Here, our NMR chemosensing approach was applied to the quantitative determination of several flavor components in methanol extracts of ground coffee.
Band engineering of high performance p-type FeNbSb based half-Heusler thermoelectric materials for figure of merit zT > 1 (2014)

High performance p-type half-Heusler compounds FeNb<sub>1−x</sub>Ti<sub>x</sub>Sb are developed <italic>via</italic> a band engineering approach and a record <italic>zT</italic> of 1.1 is achieved.
3D THz metamaterials from micro/nanomanufacturing (2011)

Abstract Metamaterials are engineered composite materials offering unprecedented control of wave propagation. Despite their complexity, effective properties can frequently be extracted by conceptualizing them as homogeneous and isotropic media with dispersive electric permittivity and magnetic permeability. For an ideal isotropic medium, strong dispersion in these properties causes wave and field vectors to form a left‐handed (E,H,k)‐frame involving backward waves, and offering control of quantities like the refractive index which may become negative. Experimental evidence exists from microwaves to the visible. Applications include sub‐wavelength‐resolution imaging, invisibility cloaking, plasmonics‐based lasers, metananocircuits, and omnidirectional absorbers. As the engineered sub‐structures must be smaller than their design wavelength, micro/nanomanufacturing is exploited from primary pattern generation over lithography to templating and molecular beam epitaxy. 3D metamaterials have been made by stacking of layers, multilayer structuring, and 3D primary pattern generation. Theory shows that full properties may build up over one or a very few layers.
El cuerpo ante el rey (2003)

Este ensayo pretende integrarse en una discusión historiográfica reciente que atiende a las posibilidades del estudio del cuerpo desde las ciencias sociales y humanas. En particular, se pretende reconocer las prácticas culturales del cuerpo, inscritas en contextos históricos determinados. El ensayo da cuenta de las actitudes y prácticas corporales orientadas al ejercicio de un modo y representación del ser social en el Zacatecas del siglo XVIll, donde el modelo que guiaba la etiqueta y ceremonia del grupo de la élite en el poder era la representación cultural que se tenía del rey.
Death Receptor Interactions With the Mitochondrial Cell Death Pathway During Immune Cell-, Drug- and Toxin-Induced Liver Damage (2019)

Due to its extensive vascularization and physiological function as a filter and storage organ, the liver is constantly exposed to infectious and tumorigenic threat, as well as damaging actions of xenobiotics. Detoxification reactions are essential for the excretion of harmful substances, but harbor also the risk of "side effects" leading to dangerous metabolites of otherwise harmless substances, a well known effect during paracetamol overdose. These drugs can have detrimental effects, which often involves the induction of sterile inflammation and activation of the immune system. Therefore, the role of certain immune cells and their effector molecules in the regulation of drug-induced liver damage are of special interest. Hepatocytes are type II cells, and death receptor (DR)-induced cell death (CD) requires amplification via the mitochondrial pathway. However, this important role of the mitochondria and associated CD-regulating signaling complexes appears to be not restricted to DR signaling, but to extend to drug-induced activation of mitochondrial CD pathways. We here discuss the role of members of the TNF family, with a focus on TRAIL, and their interactions with the Bcl-2 family in the crosstalk between the extrinsic and intrinsic CD pathway during xenobiotic-induced liver damage.
Correlation between Physicochemical Characteristics of Synthetic Cationic Amphiphiles and Their DNA Transfection Ability (1991)

Abstract Liposomes formed with synthetic double-chain ammonium amphiphiles were used for DNA transfection into eukaryotic cells. We studied the correlation between the efficiency of various cationic amphiphiles in DNA transfection and their physicochemical properties. The efficiency of amphiphiles in the transfection was examined by the transient expression of β-galactosidase from its cDNA in COS cells. Amphiphiles with a phase-transition temperature (Tc) lower than 37°C, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, could introduce DNA into the cells. Electron microscopic observation indicated that amphiphiles possessing DNA transfection ability form vesicular structures in aqueous solution. Thus, fluid and vesicular bilayer structures were much higher than rigid and helical bilayer structures regarding the effectiveness of amphiphiles in DNA transfection. The efficiency of didodecyl N-[p-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)benzoyl]-l-glutamate bromide was the highest of all the synthetic amphiphiles examined.
Compiler-directed content-aware prefetching for dynamic data structures (2003)

This paper describes Compiler-Directed Content-Aware Prefetching (CDCAP), an integrated compiler and hardware approach for prefetching dynamic data structures. The approach utilizes compiler-inserted prefetch instructions to convey information about a dynamic data structure to a prefetching engine. The technique eliminates the need to transform the data structure without the use of excessive prefetches and does not require prior knowledge of data traversals. The approach also eliminates the need for large hardware structures and reduces unnecessary prefetches. For pointer intensive programs, the CDCAP approach reduces memory stall time by up to 40% and out performs previously proposed prefetching techniques.
Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Activity of Entry Inhibitors That Target the CD4-Binding Site of HIV-1 (2012)

The CD4 binding site on HIV-1 gp120 has been validated as a drug target to prevent HIV-1 entry to cells. Previously, we identified two small molecule inhibitors consisting of a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine ring linked by an oxalamide to a p-halide-substituted phenyl group, which target this site, specifically, a cavity termed "Phe43 cavity". Here we use synthetic chemistry, functional assessment, and structure-based analysis to explore variants of each region of these inhibitors for improved antiviral properties. Alterations of the phenyl group and of the oxalamide linker indicated that these regions were close to optimal in the original lead compounds. Design of a series of compounds, where the tetramethylpiperidine ring was replaced with new scaffolds, led to improved antiviral activity. These new scaffolds provide insight into the surface chemistry at the entrance of the cavity and offer additional opportunities by which to optimize further these potential-next-generation therapeutics and microbicides against HIV-1.
OH absorption in GeO <sub>2</sub> -doped fused silica fibres (1982)

The OH-ion absorption of SiO2/GeO2-core step-index multimode fibres in the 1.2–1.6 μm region has been studied in relation to changing GeO2 concentrations. It was found that the OH absorption band at ̃ 1.4 μm in SiO2/GeO2-core fibres had two components with maxima at 1.39 μm and 1.42 μm related to the first overtone of the fundamental OH vibration in SiO2 and GeO2, respectively.
Using cone structures for circuit partitioning into FPGA packages (1998)

Circuit designers and high-level synthesis tools have traditionally used circuit hierarchy to partition circuits into packages. However hierarchical partitioning can not be easily performed if hierarchical blocks have too large a size or too many I-Os. This problem becomes more frequent with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) which commonly have small size limits and up to ten times smaller I-O pin limits. An I-O bottleneck often occurs which during circuit partitioning means more required packages and more ordinary signal wires crossing between the packages. More critical timing paths between packages are cut and circuit operational frequencies are drastically reduced. In this paper, two new partitioning algorithms are presented that use cone structures to partition large hierarchical blocks into FPGA's. Cone structures are minimum cut partitioning structures for netlists with low fanout, and clustering structures for partitioning netlists with high fanout. Cone structures also allow for full containment of critical paths. When used with good merging and cutting strategies, results show the cone partitioning algorithms given here produces fewer FPGG partitions than min-cut with good performance.
MCT1 Modulates Cancer Cell Pyruvate Export and Growth of Tumors that Co-express MCT1 and MCT4 (2016)

Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibition is thought to block tumor growth through disruption of lactate transport and glycolysis. Here, we show MCT1 inhibition impairs proliferation of glycolytic breast cancer cells co-expressing MCT1 and MCT4 via disruption of pyruvate rather than lactate export. MCT1 expression is elevated in glycolytic breast tumors, and high MCT1 expression predicts poor prognosis in breast and lung cancer patients. Acute MCT1 inhibition reduces pyruvate export but does not consistently alter lactate transport or glycolytic flux in breast cancer cells that co-express MCT1 and MCT4. Despite the lack of glycolysis impairment, MCT1 loss-of-function decreases breast cancer cell proliferation and blocks growth of mammary fat pad xenograft tumors. Our data suggest MCT1 expression is elevated in glycolytic cancers to promote pyruvate export that when inhibited, enhances oxidative metabolism and reduces proliferation. This study presents an alternative molecular consequence of MCT1 inhibitors, further supporting their use as anti-cancer therapeutics.
New Method for Rapid Determination of Carboxyhemoglobin by Use of Double-Wavelength Spectrophotometry (1974)

Abstract We have developed a simple method for rapid determination of carboxyhemoglobin concentration in blood, by use of double-wavelength spectrophotometry. The absorbance of both oxyhemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin are instrumentally nulled out in this procedure, so that the absorption signal reflects HbCO and only a single spectrophotometric reading is required. This procedure is accurate in the range encountered in ambulatory persons as well as in the "toxic" range. Results correlated well with the dithionite reduction procedure. The stability of carboxyhemoglobin in solution was investigated and concentrations of carbon monoxide in groups of smokers and nonsmokers were determined.
Eigenstructure assignment and controller optimization for mechanical systems (1994)

A technique to assign a desired eigensystem to an actively controlled structure and to optimize the controller and structural parameters is presented. The technique explicitly parametrizes the feedback gain matrices in terms of the eigensystem and structural matrices and then optimizes the closed-loop system by minimizing some norm related to the feedback gain matrices. The technique can optimize design criteria such as gain suppression, actuator and sensor placement, minimum number of sensors, structural stiffness, and system sensitivity to parameter variations. The technique is computationally efficient by being developed in second order form using real arithmetic and with an analytic gradient supplied for the design variables. Two analytical example problems are presented in which active control systems are designed using eigensystem assignment with parametric feedback. The first example assigns eigenvalues and optimizes the controller design for a three-story scale model building. The second example assigns decoupled vibration modes to eliminate rotation of a gyro box.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Window Functions for the Calculation of the Time Domain Averages of the Vibration of the Individual Planet Gears and Sun Gear in an Epicyclic Gearbox (1994)

An existing technique which enables the estimation of the time domain averages of the tooth meshing vibration of the individual planet and sun gears in an epicyclic gearbox from measured vibration signals has been revised. A key feature of the existing technique is the sampling of the vibration signal within a rectangular window in the time domain when one of the planet gears is close to the vibration transducer. The revised technique permits the use of other window functions, and a detailed analysis shows that the errors in the estimate of the time domain average can be expressed in terms of the window function. Several suitable window functions which enable a reduction in the level of the errors are demonstrated by numerical examples and by the analysis of data from a test on a helicopter gearbox with deliberate damage to one of the planet gears.
Effectiveness of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Sheets in Maintaining Random-Pattern Skin Flaps in an Experimental Animal Model (2015)

Implantation of bone marrow stromal cell sheets increased the survival area of random-pattern skin flaps. Expression of angiogenic factors may have contributed to the increased flap survival.
Analysis of the requirements for class II-restricted T cell recognition of a single determinant reveals considerable diversity in the T cell response and degeneracy of peptide binding to I-Ed (1995)

The amino acid sequences recognized by five I-E(d)-restricted and one E alpha A beta d-restricted murine T cell clones were determined. The clones had been raised to a synthetic peptide representing amino acids 305-328 of influenza virus hemagglutinin. It was found that although all of the T cell clones recognized a single 10-residue region of the peptide, 307KYVKQNTLKL316, different clones could recognize minimal ("core") determinants spanning 8, 9, or 10 of these amino acids. To see whether particular amino acids within the sequence 307-316 were universally important for T cell recognition, the six clones were assayed for their ability to tolerate single amino acid substitutions of the 10 residue peptide. In all, 190 analogues of the peptide in which each amino acid in the sequence was replaced, in turn, by each of the other 19 naturally occurring amino acids were tested. It was shown that 1) the six T cell clones had very different requirements for recognition of the peptide, 2) substitutions at every single position within the peptide could be shown to affect recognition in a T cell-specific manner, and 3) every single position within the peptide could be replaced by a large number of amino acids and still be recognized by at least one T cell clone. These results demonstrate the great diversity exhibited by the T cell repertoire in recognizing a 10-amino acid determinant, as well as the degeneracy of peptide binding to I-E(d).
PTX3 Controls Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 and Apoptosis in Conjunctivochalasis Fibroblasts (2012)

Perturbation of PTX3 expression might partake in apoptosis and pathogenesis of CCh by upregulating expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3, and activation of MMP-1 and MMP-3.
NDA SNR estimation for 32APSK in AWGN (2008)

32-Amplitude and Phase-Shift-Keying (32APSK) is one of the modulation schemes proposed in the 2nd generation Digital Video Broadcasting over Satellite (DVB-S2) standard [1]. This paper presents a Non-Data-Aided (NDA) SNR estimation scheme for 32APSK using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Two variants of the EM algorithm are presented, first with an arbitrary initialization and a second version that is initialized by modifying an existing (sub-optimal) SNR estimation technique. We demonstrate a significantly faster convergence with the latter form of initialization. We compare the performance of this estimator to the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) of NDA SNR estimation and show that the estimator performs very close to the CRLB over all SNRs of practical interest even for block sizes of 100 symbols. The estimator has also been implemented on FPGAs and we show that the fixed point implementation also performs very close to the theoretical limit.
On-chip capacitance measurement circuits in VSLI structures (1982)

A precise capacitance measurement technique is described. This technique is based on a principle of capacitively divided ac voltage measurement. Details of the measurement procedure and test pattern configuration is also discussed. Utilizing the technique, precise capacitance measurements were carried out, which were practically difficult with direct measurements, and size effects of the small geometry capacitances were measured and evaluated. The technique was found to be practical and accurate, and besides, the test device can be integrated on an LSI chip, thus it appears to be very effective in VLSI development.
ChemInform Abstract: A Further Contribution to the Stabilization of Iminoboranes RB NR′. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.