gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unifying design data during verification: Implementing Logic-Driven Layout analysis and debug (2012)

At 65 nm and below, parametric yield loss has become the predominant yield-limiting factor, making the analysis and optimization of electrical performance crucial to market success. Until now, however, the full efficacy of electrical design for manufacturing (EDFM) tools has been limited by the separation of detailed physical layout information from both detailed knowledge of design intent and the logical circuits implemented by the layout. We introduce a Logic-Driven Layout Framework that provides EDFM tools with unified access to all types of design data (physical, logical, electrical) in a single environment, enabling circuit designers to quickly identify and debug potential parametric issues, and, without losing domain context, share their findings with designers working in different design domains (logic, layout, manufacturing, etc.).
Stage-specific effect of inhibition of autophagy on chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity (2009)

Anticancer therapies can induce autophagy in tumor cells and the role of autophagy in these cells may depend on the type of tumor, the stage of tumorigenesis, and the nature and extent of the insult. Appropriate modification of autophagy, that is, suppression of cell-protective autophagy or enhancement of cell-killing autophagy could augment cytotoxicity caused by anticancer therapy. Imatinib mesylate is an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases and is used for the therapy of patients with tumors including leukemias, but is not effective as a monotherapy for malignant glioma. To seek a strategy to augment the therapeutic efficacy of imatinib, we examined the mode of cytotoxicity of imatinib in human malignant glioma cells. Since imatinib induced cytotoxicity associated with autophagy, we tested the effect of inhibition of autophagy on imatinib-induced cytotoxicity. We found that imatinib-induced cytotoxicity is attenuated by inhibition of autophagy at an early stage but augmented by inhibition of autophagy at a late stage through increasing apoptosis following mitochondrial damage. Though the mechanism of the stage-specific effect of inhibiting autophagy on cytotoxicity remains to be elucidated, our findings could be useful for developing a new strategy to enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapy by modulating autophagy.
Activation of the c- <i>myb</i> Locus by Viral Insertional Mutagenesis in Plasmacytoid Lymphosarcomas (1984)

Rearrangement in the c-myb locus of each of four independently derived BALB/c plasmacytoid lymphosarcoma (ABPL's) is due to the insertion of a defective Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) into a 1.5-kilobase-pair stretch of cellular DNA at the 5' end of the v-myb-related sequences. This retroviral insertion is associated with abnormal transcription of myb sequences and probably represents a step in the neoplastic transformation of ABPL cells.
Memory system performance in a NUMA multicore multiprocessor (2011)

Modern multicore processors with an on-chip memory controller form the base for NUMA (non-uniform memory architecture) multiprocessors. Each processor accesses part of the physical memory directly and has access to the other parts via the memory controller of other processors. These other processors are reached via the cross-processor interconnect. As a consequence a processor's memory controller must satisfy two kinds of requests: those that are generated by the local cores and those that arrive via the interconnect from other processors. On the other hand, a core (respectively the core's cache) can obtain data from multiple sources: data can be supplied by the local memory controller or by a remote memory controller on another processor. In this paper we experimentally analyze the behavior of the memory controllers of a commercial multicore processor, the Intel Xeon 5520 (Nehalem). We develop a simple model to characterize the sharing of local and remote memory bandwidth. The uneven treatment of local and remote accesses has implications for mapping applications onto such a NUMA multicore multiprocessor. Maximizing data locality does not always minimize execution time; it may be more advantageous to allocate data on a remote processor (and then to fetch these data via the cross-processor interconnect) than to store the data of all processes in local memory (and consequently over-loading the on-chip memory controller).
Implementation of short-scan reconstruction with compensation for geometric alignment for a microCT system (2004)

Typical microCT systems for in vivo small animal imaging have a total acquisition time on the order of 10 minutes for a single scan, with the detector read-out time often a major contributor to acquisition length. Reduction of the portion of the scan time spent in read-out can be achieved through short-scan acquisition. Knowledge of and correction for geometric misalignments is another crucial factor in obtaining high quality microCT images. In this work, we have implemented a short-scan Feldkamp algorithm with correction geometric misalignment. Due to our system misalignments, severe ghosting artifacts are present in the reconstruction. We have implemented a reconstruction algorithm with correction for the misalignments which eliminates the ghosting artifacts. Comparisons of full-scan and short-scan reconstructions of both phantom and mouse data show similar image quality. We have also compared short-scan reconstructions to full-scan reconstructions from projection data with roughly the same total acquisition time. In this case, blurring is visible in sagittal slices of the full-scan reconstructions that is not present in the short-scan reconstructions. Short-scan acquisition provides reduction of the total acquisition time resulting in microCT images without the loss in image quality obtained by simply reducing the number of projections for a full-scan acquisition. Axis of rotation horizontal transversal off-center shift and the X-ray source horizontal transversal shift are the most sensitive parameters.
Ringing Noise Suppression for Differential Signaling in Unshielded Flexible Flat Cable (2015)

For the system requirement of higher density and increasing data rate, flexible flat cable (FFC) becomes a popular solution. When FFC is used for differential signaling, the voltage levels on ground lines differ from each other along the length of FFC. Moreover, the resonant effect caused from crosstalk noise reduces the signal quality. Modal analysis is applied in this paper for deriving two fundamental differential modes. Time delay differences for two modes are also calculated for various FFC structures. In order to suppress the resonant ringing noise, a novel approach to eliminate the time delay difference is proposed. A design chart is also proposed to give the best design region for FFC. The frequency and time domain simulation results validate the design chart. After minimizing the delay difference, the eye height improves 29%. The crosstalk effect is also considered to elaborate the improvement of resonance suppressing. At last, scattering parameters and differential impedance of FFC are also measured for verification.
Correlative 3D superresolution fluorescence and electron microscopy reveal the relationship of mitochondrial nucleoids to membranes (2012)

Microscopic images of specific proteins in their cellular context yield important insights into biological processes and cellular architecture. The advent of superresolution optical microscopy techniques provides the possibility to augment EM with nanometer-resolution fluorescence microscopy to access the precise location of proteins in the context of cellular ultrastructure. Unfortunately, efforts to combine superresolution fluorescence and EM have been stymied by the divergent and incompatible sample preparation protocols of the two methods. Here, we describe a protocol that preserves both the delicate photoactivatable fluorescent protein labels essential for superresolution microscopy and the fine ultrastructural context of EM. This preparation enables direct 3D imaging in 500- to 750-nm sections with interferometric photoactivatable localization microscopy followed by scanning EM images generated by focused ion beam ablation. We use this process to "colorize" detailed EM images of the mitochondrion with the position of labeled proteins. The approach presented here has provided a new level of definition of the in vivo nature of organization of mitochondrial nucleoids, and we expect this straightforward method to be applicable to many other biological questions that can be answered by direct imaging.
Magnetic force microscope tip-induced remagnetization of CoPt nanodisks with perpendicular anisotropy (2009)

We report on the results of a magnetic force microscopy investigation of remagnetization processes in arrays of CoPt nanodisks with diameters of 35 and 200 nm and a thickness of 9.8 nm fabricated by e-beam lithography and ion etching. The controllable magnetization reversal of individual CoPt nanodisks by the magnetic force microscope (MFM) tip-induced magnetic field was demonstrated. We observed experimentally two essentially different processes of tip-induced remagnetization. Magnetization reversal of 200 nm disks was observed when the probe moved across the particle while in case of 35 nm nanodisks one-touch remagnetization was realized. Micromagnetic modeling based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation demonstrated that the tip-induced magnetization reversal occurs through the essentially inhomogeneous states. Computer simulations confirmed that in case of 200 nm disks the mechanism of embryo nucleation with reversed magnetization and further dynamic propagation following the probe moving across the particle was realized. On the other hand one-touch remagnetization of 35 nm disks occurs through the inhomogeneous vortexlike state. Micromagnetic LLG simulations showed that magnetization reversal in an inhomogeneous MFM probe field has a lower energy barrier in comparison with the mechanism of coherent rotation, which takes place in a homogeneous external magnetic field.
Oxygenation and spontaneous deamination of 2-aminobenzenesulphonic acid in <i>Alcaligenes</i> sp. strain O-1 with subsequent <i>meta</i> ring cleavage and spontaneous desulphonation to 2-hydroxymuconic acid (1994)

2-Aminobenzenesulphonic acid (2AS) is degraded by Alcaligenes sp. strain O-1 via a previously detected but unidentified intermediate. A mutant of strain O-1 was found to excrete this intermediate, which was isolated and identified by m.s., 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. as 3-sulphocatechol (3SC). Proteins from cell extracts of strain O-1 were separated by anion-exchange chromatography. A multicomponent oxygenase was observed to convert 1 mol each of NADH, O2 and 2AS into 1 mol each of 3SC, NH3 and NAD+. The enzyme presumably catalysed formation of the ring of a 2-amino-2,3-diol moiety, and elimination in the amino group led to a rearomatization. 3SC was further degraded via meta ring cleavage, which could be prevented by inactivation of the 3-sulphocatechol-2,3-dioxygenase (3SC23O) with 3-chlorocatechol. In Tris buffer, the separated 3SC23O catalysed the reaction of 1 mol each of 3SC and O2 involving a transient yellow intermediate, and release of 1 mol of sulphite and two organic products. The major product was identified by n.m.r. and by g.c./m.s. as 5-carboxypenta-2,4-dien-5-olide (CPDO), an indicator of formation of 2-hydroxymuconic acid (2HM). The second product was identified as the Z,E isomer of 2HM by comparison with authentic material. When the CPDO in the product mixture was chemically hydrolysed to (Z,E)-2HM, 1 mol of (Z,E)-2HM/mol of 3SC was observed. If oxygenation of 3SC by 3SC23O was carried out in phosphate buffer, only a single product was detected, a keto form of 2HM. This dioate was also formed from authentic (Z,E)-2HM in phosphate buffer. Formation of the natural product (Z,E)-2HM from the xenobiotic, 3SC, seems to involve oxygenation to the unstable 2-hydroxy-6-sulphonomuconic acid semialdehyde, which hydrolyses spontaneously to 2HM. There would appear to be at least one spontaneous reaction per enzyme reaction in this pathway.
Regression of Splenic Lymphoma with Villous Lymphocytes after Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2002)

In patients with splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes who are infected with HCV, treatment with interferon can lead to regression of the lymphoma.
A magnetically controlled gating element (1957)

Synopsis: A computer component based on the magnetic destruction of superconductivity has been proposed, and an information-handling system involving a large number of such elements is described in a companion paper. In this paper attention is directed toward the electrical characteristics of superconductive components. Also recently measured switching-time characteristics, switching from an energy standpoint, and a comparison of switching in superconductors with switching in magnetic and ferroelectric materials are discussed. A brief description of the component is first given.
`Florida Blue' Semi-dwarf Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] (1996)

heat tolerant, high temperature, rosette Origin 'Florida Blue' is the F 1 hybrid resulting from the cross of inbred lines GCREC-46 and GCREC-34 (Fig. GCREC-46 was an F 4 selection of a cross between GCREC-8-21 and 'Mermaid Blue'. GCREC-34 was an F 4 selection of a cross between GCREC-9-105 and 'Blue Lisa'. 'Mermaid Blue' and 'Blue Lisa' were used for their dwarf characteristics. GCREC-8-21 and GCREC-9-105 were identified after three generations of selfpollination (S 3 ) from 'Blue Poppy'. They were selected for their ability to flower at high temperatures (35 C day), their basal branching characteristics (i.e., lateral stems forming from the first four to five leaf pairs before bolting), and lower branching characteristics (i.e., lateral stems forming on the central flowering stem before the first flower bud). Growing conditions used to select F 1 to F 4 GCREC-46 and GCREC-34 lines for resistance to heatinduced rosetting were 1) exposure of 3-to 4week-old F 1 to F 3 seedlings to 28 C for 4 weeks and 2) exposure of 17-day-old F 4 seedlings to 31 C for 5 weeks.
The suppression of phonon induced noise in niobium superconducting tunnel junction x-ray detectors (1996)

An investigation into the phonon contamination of x-ray sensitive superconducting tunnel junctions arising from the x-ray photoabsorption in various substrates has been conducted. Results are presented on the design of a superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) which substantially reduces or even eliminates phonon induced noise from the substrate. Such noise is the predominant feature in x-ray spectra from junctions due to the bulk of the photons being absorbed in the substrate rather than in the thin superconducting film. The design involves the choice of a suitable buffer sandwich between the substrate and the STJ. Such a buffer would appear not only to attenuate the phonons created in the x-ray photoabsorption in the substrate but also to scatter the phonons inelastically, introducing a frequency down-conversion. Such a process ensures that few phonons of energy sufficient to break Cooper pairs in the superconducting film of the STJ enter the junction.
Synthesis and biological activity of tetralone abscisic acid analogues (2006)

Bicyclic analogues of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) were designed to incorporate the structural elements and functional groups of the parent molecule that are required for biological activity. The resulting tetralone analogues were predicted to have enhanced biological activity in plants, in part because oxidized products would not cyclize to forms corresponding to the inactive catabolite phaseic acid. The tetralone analogues were synthesized in seven steps from 1-tetralone and a range of analogues were accessible through a second route starting with 2-methyl-1-naphthol. Tetralone ABA 8 was found to have greater activity than ABA in two bioassays. The absolute configuration of (+)-8 was established by X-ray crystallography of a RAMP hydrazone derivative. The hydroxymethyl compounds 10 and 11, analogues for studying the roles of 8- and 9-hydroxy ABA 3 and 6, were also synthesized and found to be active.
The thread that links: continuity of patient care. (1999)

With managed care shortening hospital stays, nurses at the bedside are challenged to come up with innovative ways to utilize time wisely. Our critical care transport team has implemented a strategy that assists in this endeavor. An universal admission data sheet is completed when each patient arrives on the unit. This form takes about 45 minutes to 1 hour to complete. It identifies several issues that impact on patient teaching and discharge planning. By completing this form enroute, we provide the bedside nurse with more time to concentrate on discharge planning and teaching. Follow up indicates that early implementation of this form leads to a shorter, more productive stay for the patient. We have also observed an improvement in the continuity of patient care, since the transport nurse completing the form communicates the information to the primary nurse receiving the patient. This has also led to a strong link between the outside satellite staff and the base hospital staff through better relationships between the transporting and receiving nurses.
Hydraulic activity of cement mixed with slag from vitrified solid waste incinerator fly ash (2003)

This study investigates the effects of the slag composition on the hydraulic activity in slag blended cement pastes that incorporate synthetic slag prepared by melting CaO-modified municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash. Two types of composition-modified slag were prepared for this study. First, fly ash was mixed with the modifier (CaO) at 5% and 15% (by weight) respectively, resulting in two fly ash mixtures. These mixtures were then melted at 1400 degrees C for 30 minutes and milled to produce two types of slag with different modifier contents, designated as C1-slag and C2-slag. These synthetic slags were blended with ordinary Portland cement at various weight ratios ranging from 10% to 40%. The synthetic slags presented sufficient hydraulic activity, and the heavy metal leaching concentrations all met the EPA's regulatory thresholds. The pore size distribution was determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry, and the results correlated with the compressive strength. The results also indicate that the incorporation of the 10% C1-slag tended to enhance the hydration degree of slag blended cement pastes during the early ages (3-28 days). However, at later ages, no significant difference in hydration degree was observed between ordinary Portland cement pastes and 10% C1-slag blended cement pastes. In the 10% C2-slag case, the trend was similar, but with a more limited enhancement during the early ages (3-28 days). Thus vitrified waste incinerator fly ash is a technically useful additive to cement, reducing the disposal needs for the toxic fly ash.
Target Detection with Distributed Terahertz Sensors (2015)

The distributed target detection system with multiple Terahertz sensors is presented. With the different fusion rules of fusion center, the performance of the system is analyzed. The distribution of THz radar system noise is measured and investigated to confirm the applicability of the detection algorithm in THz band. Experiments with multiple THz sensors are performed to detect single and multiple point-like targets, respectively. The results show that the system proposed is able to detect target while giving the precise coordinates of the target in the observation area.
A role for HvGAMYB in anther development (2003)

HvGAMYB is a transcription factor that was first identified in barley aleurone cells and shown to be upregulated by gibberellin (GA). Using RNA and immunoblot analysis we have shown HvGAMYB is also strongly expressed in barley anthers. Transgenic barley expressing a HvGAMYB:GFP fusion gene have been created and GAMYB expression in anthers analysed. GFP expression was clearly visible during early anther development in the nuclei of the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. Expression in the epidermis and endothecium persists until just prior to anther dehiscence, expression in the other two cell layers is visible until they are compressed and broken down as the microspores develop. Further evidence of a role for HvGAMYB in anther development was provided by the creation of transgenic barley over-expressing the HvGAMYB gene. Associated with the increase in HvGAMYB levels was a progressive decrease in anther size, particularly a decrease in anther length. Anthers also became increasingly lighter in colour. Anthers with fourfold more HvGAMYB protein than non-transgenic controls failed to dehisce and were male sterile, anthers with approximately three to fourfold endogenous GAMYB protein levels were smaller and paler but still shed normally. To investigate the hormonal regulation of HvGAMYB expression in anthers, HvGAMYB and SLN1 protein levels in anthers were analysed following application of GA3. As in cereal aleurone, HvGAMYB levels were found to increase and SLN1 levels decrease following GA3 application suggesting a similar GA-signalling pathway to that in aleurone exists in anthers.
A phase II evaluation of thiotepa in pediatric central nervous system malignancies (1993)

By conventional Phase II criteria, thiotepa appears to have activity in medulloblastoma. Based on several patients with prolonged SD, it also may possess some limited activity in brain stem and malignant gliomas. The steep in vitro dose-response curve of thiotepa and the long durations of response or SD observed with the dose reported here suggest that moderate-dose to high-dose thiotepa with cytokine support or autologous bone marrow rescue may be associated with an improved response rate to this agent.
Gold(I) Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Containing Benzimidazole: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity (2010)

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes were obtained in good yields from the corresponding silver complexes by treatment with [AuCl(PPh3)] following the commonly used silver carbene transfer route. The silver complexes were synthesized from the benzimidazolium halide salts by the in situ reactions with Ag2O in dichloromethane as a solvent at room temperature. All gold complexes have been characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Au-NHC complexes were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungal species.