gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary tuberculosis in the tropics (1929)

Pulmonary tuberculosis in the tropics Get access Vincent S. Hodson, M.V.O., M.D., F.R.C.P. Vincent S. Hodson, M.V.O., M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician to Out-Patients, City of London Hospital for Diseases of the Chest. Late Director, Khartoum and Omdurman Civil Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 23, Issue 1, 25 June 1929, Pages 9–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(29)90795-1 Published: 25 June 1929
Avian Reovirus Polypeptides: Analysis of Intracellular Virus-Specified Products, Virions, Top Component, and Cores (1982)

Avian reovirus-specified polypeptides can be separated into three size classes: large (lambda), medium (mu), and small (sigma), similar to those of the mammalian reoviruses. A nomenclature has been proposed to indicate the individual polypeptides within each size class by progressive alphabetical subscripts. Three lambda polypeptides (lambda(A), lambda(B), and lambda(C)) are found in infectious viral particles and have molecular weights of 145,000, 130,000, and 115,000, respectively. All are present in core preparations, and two (lambda(A) and lambda(B)) appear to be exposed at the surface of the virion. Two mu polypeptides can be distinguished in purified virus (mu(A), 72,000 daltons; mu(B), 70,000 daltons), and another is occasionally evident by immunoprecipitation from infected-cell extracts (mu(NS)). mu(B) represents the major outer capsid protein and is structurally homologous to mu(1C) of the mammalian reoviruses. No additional mu proteins can be detected, and there is no evidence for a product-precursor relationship among these proteins. Three major sigma proteins are evident in viral particles. sigma(C) has the lowest molecular weight, is part of the outer capsid of the virion, and appears homologous to the mammalian sigma(1) protein. Interestingly, it demonstrates the greatest polymorphism of all the polypeptides among the different avian reoviruses examined. sigma(B) (36,000 daltons) is a major constituent of the outer capsid and, like sigma(C), is exposed to the surface of the virion. sigma(A) (39,000 daltons) appears to be an internal protein. An additional polypeptide band in the sigma class having an apparent molecular weight of 34,000 to 35,000 can be seen under three different conditions: (i) in some S1133 reovirus preparations, particularly after prolonged storage, a new band (sigma(B')) appears with a reduction in intensity of sigma(B), suggesting that sigma(B') is a degradation product of sigma(B); (ii) in polypeptides immunoprecipitated from infected-cell extracts, a major band (sigma(NS)) is apparent migrating just ahead of sigma(B); (iii) in top component preparations from all avian reoviruses examined, a band (sigma(TC)) with mobility identical to that of sigma(NS) represents a major constitutent and appears to be incorporated within the particle itself. The relationship among these three bands is not currently known. Avian reovirus polypeptides are thus in general similar to those found in mammalian reoviruses, but differences do exist which may be important for understanding viral structure and assembly.
Hypertonic saline in critical care: a review of the literature and guidelines for use in hypotensive states and raised intracranial pressure* (2009)

Hypertonic saline has been in clinical use for many decades. Its osmotic and volume-expanding properties make it theoretically useful for a number of indications in critical care. This literature review evaluates the use of hypertonic saline in critical care. The putative mechanism of action is presented, followed by a narrative review of its clinical usefulness in critical care. The review was conducted using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network method for the review of cohort studies, randomised-controlled trials and meta-analyses. The review focuses specifically on blood pressure restoration and outcome benefit in both haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic shock, and the management of raised intracranial pressure. Issues of clinical improvement and outcome benefit are addressed. Hypertonic saline solutions are effective for blood pressure restoration in haemorrhagic, but not other, types of shock. There is no survival benefit with the use of hypertonic saline solutions in shock. Hypertonic saline solutions are effective at reducing intracranial pressure in conditions causing acute intracranial hypertension. There is no survival or outcome benefit with the use of hypertonic saline solutions for raised intracranial pressure. Recommendations for clinical use and future directions of clinical research are presented.
Novel bandwidth measurement system for short-fiber lengths (1981)

A system assembled from commercially available units for measuring the bandwidth of short lengths of multimode optical fibers is described. A light pulser which generates a 75-ps FWHM pulse from a laser diode emitting at 820 nm is utilized as the fiber excitation source. An ultrahigh-speed photodiode with a rise time of approximately ∼50 ps is used for detecting the output pulse, which is then displayed on a sampling oscilloscope. A photograph of the pulse is digitized and analyzed to give the fiber bandwidth using a unique video-based and computer-operated arrangement. The bandwidths of 100 m lengths of graded-index fiber were measured with a repeatability of a few percent. The results compared favorably with independent measurements made with a standard dispersion test set.
Video multicasting using layered FEC on split protocol (2004)

In this paper, we propose the use of layered forward error correction (FEC) as an error control mechanism in on a layered video protocol know as "SPLIT". By organizing FEC into multiple layers, a receiver can obtain different level of protection with respect to the channel capacity. By effectively dropping data layers, overall effective bandwidth can also be achieved. In our work, we integrated Reed-Solomon based FEC error control into SPLIT protocol, which is a priority based protocol. We used NS-2 simulator to evaluate FEC on SPLIT protocol and the results shows that the video quality can be significantly improved at the same communication rate when layered FEC is used.
Single-center analysis of the first 40 adult-to-adult living donor liver transplants using the right lobe (2000)

The first adult-to-adult living donor liver transplant using the right hepatic lobe in the United States was performed only 2 years ago. Although initial reports were encouraging, continuous review of the results and appropriate modifications in patient management will be necessary to minimize donor risk and optimize recipient outcome. The results of 40 such transplantations were analyzed and are summarized. Recipients were listed for transplantation according to the usual criteria. Living donors were not considered for United Network for Organ Sharing status IIA patients after the initial 22 patients. Donor evaluation followed a rigid protocol. A graft-to-recipient body weight ratio of at least 0.8% was the minimum required throughout most of the study. The surgical procedures were similar, except the plane of transection was modified to better accommodate donor biliary anatomy, and uniform stenting of bile ducts was practiced after the first 10 transplants. Immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and a prednisone taper. The target tacrolimus level was decreased and mycophenolate was withdrawn more rapidly in the second half of the study because of the absence of acute cellular rejection. Donor morbidity has been limited to minor complications, and transplant recipient biliary complications decreased from 35% to 0%. Acute cellular rejection has not been observed despite less aggressive immunosuppression, and septic complications decreased dramatically. There have been no recipient deaths since these changes were instituted. Right lobectomy can be performed safely in the donor population. Recipient biliary complications can be minimized with stenting. Less aggressive immunosuppression is well tolerated and minimizes septic complications and attributable mortality.
59. Studies in the Bacteriology of Low-Temperature Pasteurisation. I. The Significance of Heat-Resisting Organisms in Raw Milk Supplies (1933)

In the course of routine bacteriological examinations of milk carried out at one of the United Dairies pasteurising depots during the past three years, a remarkable lack of constant relationship between the numbers of colonies reported on the 1/10, 1/100 and 1/1000 dilution plates, when standard agar (the Ministry of Health formula) was used, has been observed. When, however, standard agar, enriched with 0·5 per cent, milk, has been used as a plating medium, many of the discrepancies between different dilutions of the same milk have disappeared.
Unbalanced TOAD for optical data and clock separation in self-clocked transparent OTDM networks (1997)

We simulate and demonstrate a single-beam intensity-thresholding all-optical switch by modifying a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) with an uneven power splitting in the loop. An optimized set of parameters used in the demonstration is found from the simulations considering the saturation of the semiconductor optical amplifier. With 8.7-dB input clock-to-data ratio, the clock-to-data ratio can be suppressed down to -7.4 dB at the reflected (data) port. An amplified output with 3.0 dB clock-to-data ratio improvement was achieved in the transmitted (clock) port at a low switching energy of 150 fJ. The device can be used for clock recovery in self-clocked optical networks.
A Model of Bladder Tumor Xenografts in the Nude Rat (1995)

This model is highly reproducible and will prove useful in the further study of bladder cancer progression as well as in the development of therapeutic modalities for both superficial and muscle invasive bladder carcinoma.
An analysis on tools for accessibility evaluation in mobile applications (2018)

This research aims at identifying if current code validation tools contemplate the requirements of a guideline for the development of accessible mobile applications, called GUAMA, which was specified by our team over 3 years of research with visually impaired individuals and whose final conception process is formalized in this paper. Then, several tools were analyzed and two of them were chosen for a deeper study: Lint and Espresso. The results showed that Lint and Espresso respectively contemplate 12 and 6 from the 48 GUAMA requirements. Thus, the unique use of such tools is not adequate to validate the range of requirements. These results have motivated the investigation of a new integrated service/process, which presents a higher coverage regarding the validation of accessibility requirements.
[Modified T-catheter and its use for transvenous hypothermic in situ perfusion in the surgical restoration of the kidney with staghorn calculi]. (1983)

The operative treatment of kidneys with staghorn calculi requires intraoperative X-ray and fluoroscopic checks and also ischaemia. Regional transvenous hypothermic perfusion of the kidneys is a method which is technically simple to implement and offers advantages over both clamping of the hilum and transarterial perfusion methods. The catheter used by us requires no great expenditure on material: it can be constructed anywhere out of readily available sterile materials.
Stimulatory Effect of Whole Coffee Fruit Concentrate Powder on Plasma Levels of Total and Exosomal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Healthy Subjects: An Acute Within-Subject Clinical Study (2013)

A pilot study by Reyes [1] previously showed that ingestion of single dose of whole coffee fruit concentrate (WCFC) powder increased blood levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) during the first 60 minutes after ingestion. In the present report, we performed a single dose, placebo-controlled, within-subject study to confirm and further investigate this effect. Twenty healthy subjects with ages ranging from 25 to 35 participated in this study. All fasted and resting subjects received placebo on Day 1, WCFC on Day 2, and a cup of freshly brewed coffee on Day 3. Treatment with WCFC resulted in a statistically significant increase in plasma BDNF compared to placebo (p = 0.0073) or coffee (p = 0.0219) during first 60 minutes. In addition, e isolated exosomes from serum and found that they contained BDNF. Furthermore, oral WCFC consumption acutely increased BDNF levels in serum exosomes. In summary, all presented results justify further clinical investigation of WCFC as a tool to manage BDNF-dependent health conditions.
A Novel Example of Chiral Counteranion Induced Enantioselective Metal Catalysis:  The Importance of Ion-Pairing in Copper-Catalyzed Olefin Aziridination and Cyclopropanation (2000)

A new ion-pairing route to achieve asymmetric catalysis has been observed in the copper-catalyzed aziridination of styrene with a chiral counteranion. Structural studies suggest that enantioinduction occurs via ion-pairing of the cationic copper catalyst in the chiral pocket created by the anion. The degree of asymmetric induction can be tuned with features that affect ion-pairing, such as achiral and chiral ligands, temperature, and solvent polarity.
Chelating versus bridging bonding modes of N-substituted bis(diphenylphosphanyl)amine ligands in Pt complexes and Co2Pt clusters (2006)

N-substituted dppa ligands Ph2P-NR-PPh2 [R = -CH2CH2SCH2C6H5 (1), -CH2CH2S(CH2)5CH3 (2), -(CH2)9CH3 (3), -C6H5 (4)] were used for the synthesis of cis-[PtCl2{Ph2PN(R)PPh2}] complexes [R = -CH2CH2SCH2C6H5 (5), -CH2CH2S(CH2)5CH3 (6), -(CH2)9CH3 (7), -C6H5 (8)] and heterotrinuclear clusters of formula [PtCo2(CO)7{Ph2PN(R)PPh2}] [R = -CH2CH2SCH2C6H5 (9), -CH2CH2S(CH2)5CH3 (10), -(CH2)9CH3 (11), -C6H5 (12)]. The presence of relatively bulky substituents on N resulted in a higher chelating power of the ligands. The thermodynamic study of the equilibrium between the chelate and the bridged forms of clusters 9-11 showed that the bridged form is favoured by enthalpic factors whereas entropic factors favour chelation. The structures of 5 and 9 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Dialectic of Consumerism: How A Series of Unfortunate Events Defies Itself (2014)

Contemporary American culture is steeped in consumerist ideology. It is a social climate where profit rules and control of cultural production is limited to a select few corporate interests. As such, popular culture is designed to reinforce consumerist values in order to keep wealth and power concentrated at the upper echelons of the social hierarchy, keeping the middle class oppressed. This paper seeks to explore ways in which a seemingly subversive text reifies hegemonic ideology within the dominant societal discourse. A rhetorical critical discourse analysis of the first three books of Daniel Handler’s A Series of Unfortunate Events reveals that despite the author’s intent to subvert consumerist ideology rooted in the Victorian sensibility, as a product of popular culture, the text adheres to the dominant discourse. In covert ways, it enforces consumerist values by perpetuating the myth that the upper class lifestyle is normative and desirable, that happiness is found in materialism, and that poverty is necessarily villainous and disgusting.
Solvent effects in polyelectrolyte solutions. 1. Potentiometric and viscosimetric titration of poly(acrylic acid) in methanol and counterion specificity (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent effects in polyelectrolyte solutions. 1. Potentiometric and viscosimetric titration of poly(acrylic acid) in methanol and counterion specificityNicolaas T. M. Klooster, Frans Van der Touw, and Michel MandelCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 10, 2070–2078Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00140a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00140a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views275Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of Tetravalent Meningococcal Serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y Conjugate Vaccine Administered to 2- to 10-year-olds Is Noninferior to a Licensed-ACWY Polysaccharide Vaccine With an Acceptable Safety Profile (2011)

ACWY-TT was immunogenic in children between 2 to 10 years of age with a clinically acceptable safety profile that resembled licensed Men-PS. These data support a positive benefit/risk ratio for the ACWY-TT vaccine.
Green Liver Systems&#174; for Water Purification: Using the Phytoremediation Potential of Aquatic Macrophytes for the Removal of Different Cyanobacterial Toxins from Water (2015)

The protection and reasonable use of freshwater is one of the main goals for our future, as water is most important for all organisms on earth including humans. Due to pollution, not only with xenobiotics, but also with nutrients, the status of our water bodies has changed drastically. Excess nutrient load induces eutrophication processes and, as a result, massive cyanobacterial blooms during the summer times. As cyanobacteria are known to produce several toxic secondary metabolites, the so-called cyanotoxins, exhibiting hepato-, neuro- and cell-toxicity, a potential risk is given, when using this water. There is an urgent need to have a water purification system, which is able to cope with these natural toxins. Using aquatic plants as a Green Liver, the Green Liver System?, was developed, able to remove these natural pollutants. To test the ability of the Green Liver System?, several cyanobacterial toxins including artificial and natural mixtures were tested in a small-scale laboratory system. The results showed that within 7 - 14 days a combination of different aquatic macrophytes was able to remove a given toxin amount (10 μg·L-1) by 100%. The phytoremediation technology behind the Green Liver Systems? uses the simple ability of submerged aquatic plants to uptake, detoxify and store the toxins, without formation and release of further metabolites to the surrounding water.
Kinetic Evidence for Inefficient and Error-prone Bypass across Bulky N-Guanine DNA Adducts by Human DNA Polymerase ι (2006)

DNA polymerase (pol) iota has been proposed to be involved in translesion synthesis past minor groove DNA adducts via Hoogsteen base pairing. The N2 position of G, located in minor groove side of duplex DNA, is a major site for DNA modification by various carcinogens. Oligonucleotides with varying adduct size at G N2 were analyzed for bypass ability and fidelity with human pol iota. Pol iota effectively bypassed N2-methyl (Me)G and N2-ethyl(Et)G, partially bypassed N2-isobutyl(Ib)G and N2-benzylG, and was blocked at N2-CH2(2-naphthyl)G (N2-NaphG), N2-CH2(9-anthracenyl)G (N2-AnthG), and N2-CH2(6-benzo[a]pyrenyl)G. Steady-state kinetic analysis showed decreases of kcat/Km for dCTP insertion opposite N2-G adducts according to size, with a maximal decrease opposite N2-AnthG (61-fold). dTTP misinsertion frequency opposite template G was increased 3-11-fold opposite adducts (highest with N2-NaphG), indicating the additive effect of bulk (or possibly hydrophobicity) on T misincorporation. N2-IbG, N2-NaphG, and N2-AnthG also decreased the pre-steady-state kinetic burst rate compared with unmodified G. High kinetic thio effects (S(p)-2'-deoxycytidine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate)) opposite N2-EtG and N2-AnthG (but not G) suggest that the chemistry step is largely interfered with by adducts. Severe inhibition of polymerization opposite N2,N2-diMeG compared with N2-EtG by pol eta but not by pol iota is consistent with Hoogsteen base pairing by pol iota. Thus, polymerization by pol iota is severely inhibited by a bulky group at G N2 despite an advantageous mode of Hoogsteen base pairing; pol iota may play a limited role in translesion synthesis on bulky N2-G adducts in cells.
A small test generator for large designs (1992)

We report an automatic test pattern generator that can handle designs with one million gates or more on medium size workstations. Run times and success rates, i.e. the fraction of faults that are resolved, are comparable to or better than those reported previously in the literature. No preprocessing is required and the amount of memory needed is less than 100 bytes per gate. The low memory requirements and high performance have been achieved by working with a larger but simpler search space, by simplifying decision making and backtracking and by using only implication techniques that are fast and that require no preprocessing.
An ultrasonic time-of-flight equivalent flaw sizing method (1992)

Abstract One of the challenging tasks in the field of ultrasonic NDE is to obtain quantitative flaw size, shape, and orientation information. In an equivalent flaw sizing approach, flaws in a material are reconstructed in terms of a best-fit simple shape such as an ellipsoid or ellipse. In this work, a new time-of-flight equivalent (TOFE) flaw sizing method is developed for obtaining best-fit equivalent flaws from a relatively small number of timing measurements at different transducer orientations. The performance of the method is demonstrated on synthetic numerical data and with experiments, including examples of sizing in anisotropic composite materials and in welds.
Metallocene‐methylaluminoxane catalysts for olefin polymerization. V. Comparison of Cp<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub> and CpZrCl<sub>3</sub> (1990)

Abstract The ethylene polymerization by Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO (Cp = η 5 : cyclopentadienyl; MAO = methyl aluminoxane) and CpZrCl 3 /MAO have been studied. The MW and PD (= M w / M w ) of polymers obtained after 2.5‐60 min are the same, which indicate short chain lifetime. The values of rate constants for Cp 2 ZrCl 2 at 70°C are: k p = 168−1670 ( M s) −1 and k tr A1 = 0.012‐0.81 s −1 depending upon [Zr] and [MAO,] k tr β = 0.28 s −1 , and k tr H = 0.2 M −1 torr −1/2 s −1 . These chain transfer rate constant values are two to three orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding values found for MgCl 2 supported titanium catalysts. One significant difference between the heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts is that the former decays according to an apparent second order kinetics, whereas the latter decay is simple first order at 0°C and biphasic first order at higher temperatures. The productivity of the catalysts depends weekly on temperature while the MW decreases strongly with increase of temperature above 30°C. All the active species were formed upon mixing Cp 2 ZrCl 2 with MAO while it took up to 20 min for the CpZnCl 3 /MAO system. The productivity of the former increase more strongly with the decrease of [Zr] than the latter. Otherwise, the two catalyst systems have all their kinetic parameters differing less than a factor of two.