gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site‐directed mutagenesis of cysteine residues of hepatitis B surface antigen Analysis of two single mutants and the double mutant (1994)

The structure of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is mainly maintained by an intricate disulfide network responsible for most of its structural and antigenic properties. Characterization of three cysteine-replacement mutants of HBsAg has been performed by both structural and immunological methods. Replacement of Cys121 or Cys124 with serine results in mutant proteins that show diminished binding titres to both monoclonal antibodies and to a polyclonal serum, indicating that a structural change has taken place. Circular dichroism analysis shows that the substitution of either of these two residues also diminishes the helical content of the protein. However, the double mutant, in which both cysteine residues have been simultaneously changed, reverts the properties of the single mutations, and shows similar behaviour to the wild-type protein. Both the single and double cysteine mutants are efficiently glycosylated and secreted from Chinese hamster ovary cells and, in all cases, the mutant proteins assemble into spherical particles of similar buoyant density to both the wild-type and serum derived HBsAg.
Regulation of human airway mucins by acrolein and inflammatory mediators (1999)

Bronchitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis, marked by inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, can be caused or exacerbated by airway pathogens or irritants including acrolein, an aldehyde present in tobacco smoke. To determine whether acrolein and inflammatory mediators alter mucin gene expression, steady-state mRNA levels of two airway mucins, MUC5AC and MUC5B, were measured (by RT-PCR) in human lung carcinoma cells (NCI-H292). MUC5AC mRNA levels increased after >/=0.01 nM acrolein, 10 microM prostaglandin E2 or 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 1.0 nM tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or 10 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (a protein kinase C activator). In contrast, MUC5B mRNA levels, although easily detected, were unaffected by these agonists, suggesting that irritants and associated inflammatory mediators increase mucin biosynthesis by inducing MUC5AC message levels, whereas MUC5B is constitutively expressed. When transcription was inhibited, TNF-alpha exposure increased MUC5AC message half-life compared with control level, suggesting that transcript stabilization is a major mechanism controlling increased MUC5AC message levels. Together, these findings imply that irritants like acrolein can directly and indirectly (via inflammatory mediators) increase airway mucin transcripts in epithelial cells.
Phantom Protection Method for Multi-dimensional Index Structures (2007)

Emerging modem database applications require multi-dimensional index structures to provide high performance for data retrieval. In order for a multi-dimensional index structure to be integrated into a commercial database system, efficient techniques that provide transactional access to data through this index structure are necessary. The techniques must support all degrees of isolation offered by the database system. Especially degree 3 isolation, called "no phantom read," protects search ranges from concurrent insertions and the rollbacks of deletions. In this paper, we propose a new phantom protection method for multi-dimensional index structures that uses a multi-level grid technique. The proposed mechanism is independent of the type of the multi-dimensional index structure, i.e., it can be applied to all types of index structures such as tree-based, file-based, and hash-based index structures. In addition, it has a low development cost and achieves high concurrency with a low lock overhead. It is shown through various experiments that the proposed method outperforms existing phantom protection methods for multi-dimensional index structures.
TEACH NURSES HOW TO MAINTAIN PROFESSIONAL BOUNDARIES, RECOGNIZE POTENTIAL PROBLEMS, AND MAKE BETTER PATIENT CARE DECISIONS. (2000)

Nurses must set professional boundaries for their relationships with patients. You can teach them the meaning of boundary crossings, boundary violations, and staying in the lines.
<i>In vitro</i> experiments on axonal guidance and growth-cone collapse (1990)

In the retinotectal projection, nasal retinal axons project to posterior tectum, while temporal axons project to the anterior part of the tectum. In in vitro experiments, a similar specificity can be observed: the nasal and temporal retinal axons can be guided by tectal membrane components so that, for example, temporal retinal axons, when growing on a striped substratum consisting of anterior and posterior tectal membranes, express a very strong preference for the anterior stripes. This preference is not due to attractivity of anterior membranes but rather to avoidance of posterior material, although the pure posterior membranes are a very good substratum for growth of temporal axons. The repellent guidance molecule has been identified. Interestingly, besides guidance this molecule causes another reaction: when growing temporal axons are exposed to medium containing either posterior membranes or artificial lipid vesicles containing the repellent guidance molecule, the axonal growth cones collapse. As in guidance, there is a clear regional specificity: e.g. the repellent guidance molecule derived from posterior tectum induces collapse of temporal but not of nasal axons. Since the guiding and the collapse-inducing activity are expressed by one and the same glycoprotein molecule (Mr 33 x 10(3), linked to the membrane by phosphatidylinositol) and since another molecule has been identified by Keynes' group which also expresses both guiding and collapse-inducing activity, one might speculate that axonal guidance and axonal collapse have something in common. Models of axonal guidance will be discussed.
Modelos, procedimientos y prácticas en la evaluación del aprendizaje. Entrevista a Anthony Nitko (2002)

En la entrevista, el Dr. Anthony J. Nitko nos aporta su vision sobre los principales modelos psicometricos que sustentan las practicas contemporaneas de evaluacion del aprendizaje, particularmente el papel que desempenan, en dicho proceso, la teoria clasica de la medida y la teoria de la respuesta al item. Ademas, comenta la nocion de validez para interpretar los puntajes de una prueba, asi como la evaluacion del aprendizaje referida a un criterio y la
denominada evaluacion autentica, tanto en el nivel de gran escala, como la que se realiza en el salon para integrar la evaluacion con la instruccion.
Knowledge-Embedded Routing Network for Scene Graph Generation (2019)

To understand a scene in depth not only involves locating/recognizing individual objects, but also requires to infer the relationships and interactions among them. However, since the distribution of real-world relationships is seriously unbalanced, existing methods perform quite poorly for the less frequent relationships. In this work, we find that the statistical correlations between object pairs and their relationships can effectively regularize semantic space and make prediction less ambiguous, and thus well address the unbalanced distribution issue. To achieve this, we incorporate these statistical correlations into deep neural networks to facilitate scene graph generation by developing a Knowledge-Embedded Routing Network. More specifically, we show that the statistical correlations between objects appearing in images and their relationships, can be explicitly represented by a structured knowledge graph, and a routing mechanism is learned to propagate messages through the graph to explore their interactions. Extensive experiments on the large-scale Visual Genome dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over current state-of-the-art competitors.
THE POSSIBLE ADVERSE EFFECT OF PROPRANOLOL ON THE FETUS IN PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY SEVERE HYPERTENSION (1978)

A retrospective study is presented of the effect of propranolol on fetal outcome in pregnancies complicated by maternal hypertension. In nine pregnancies in which propranolol was given to markedly hypertensive women (diastolic blood pressure over 105 mm Hg) the fetal outcome was worse than in 15 patients using other hypotensive agents. The probability of fetal or neonatal death was related to the amount of proteinuria and the presence of parenchymal renal disease but was also significantly higher when the mother had been treated with propranolol. Experimental evidence suggests that beta-adrenergic blockade is harmful to the hypoxic fetus, for these reasons the use of propranolol in hypertensive pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency may be contraindicated unless there is no satisfactory alternative.
Polymer Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: The Formation and Effects of Doping‐Induced Micro Shorts (2006)

Abstract A planar surface cell structure has been utilized to investigate a polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), consisting of an active‐material mixture of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) and an ionic liquid, tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, contacted by Au electrodes. It is shown that diffuse and needle‐shaped doping fronts originate from the electrodes (p‐type from the positive electrode and n‐type from the negative electrode) during the charging process at a temperature ( T ) of 393 K. After a turn‐on time, a significant portion of the doping fronts makes contact close to the negative electrode to form a light‐emitting p–i–n junction, but at some points p‐type doping protrudes all the way to the negative electrode to form what are effectively micro shorts. It is shown that the consequences of such doping‐induced micro shorts during a subsequent stabilized “frozen junction” operation at T = 200 K are drastic: the current‐rectification ratio (RR) is low and the quantum efficiency (QE) is far from optimum. Both RR and QE increase significantly during long‐term operation under frozen‐junction conditions, demonstrating that the lifetime of the doping‐induced micro shorts is limited even under such stabilized conditions. Still, it is clear that it is critical for the optimization and further development of LECs to find new types of active material and electrode combinations that allow for formation of a continuous p–i–n junction in the center of the interelectrode gap.
ELEVATED SERUM ANGIOPOIETIN 2 LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MORTALITY IN SEPSIS (2009)

The vascular growth factor angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) is known to promote inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, but its prognostic capacity and relationship to outcomes in human sepsis are unknown. This is a prospective observational cohort study of 66 patients newly admitted to a tertiary care medical intensive care unit (ICU), which included ICU patients with no sepsis (n = 20) as well as those with sepsis (n = 10), severe sepsis (n = 12), and septic shock (n = 24). Clinical data were collected until hospital discharge, and Ang-2 and IL-6 levels were determined on specimens obtained after ICU admission. Serum Ang-2 correlated with IL-6 and severity-of-illness scores. In the septic cohort, circulating Ang-2 levels were significantly higher (P = 0.01) in those who died (24.9 ng/mL; interquartile range, 21.5-38.0 ng/mL) compared with those who survived (13.5 ng/mL; interquartile range, 8.1-21.6 ng/mL). Elevated circulating serum Ang-2 levels are associated with increased hospital mortality in patients with sepsis.
A systematic review of the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and barriers to implementation of thrombolytic and neuroprotective therapy for acute ischaemic stroke in the NHS (2002)

T he NHS R&D Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme was set up in 1993 to ensure that high-quality research information on the costs, effectiveness and broader impact of health technologies is produced in the most efficient way for those who use, manage
Enhancement of Thermal Radiation in Plasmonic Thermal Emitter by Surface Plasmon Resonance (2008)

The emission spectra of Ag/Si02/Ag tri-layer plasmonic thermal emitters were investigated. It is demonstrated that the top silver film perforated with periodic hole arrays plays a role to amplify the thermal emission in the emitter at a specific wavelength determined by the surface plasmon. Obviously the amplification of the thermal radiation is independent of lattices. The amplification of thermal radiation at specific wavelength was induced by the strong surface plasmon resonance. In addition, it provides a useful tool to be applied in the area of gas sensing and probing the response of cells and plants to the infrared radiation. Furthermore, the emittance spectra with decreasing sized holes were measured and the peak position red shift was observed, the result was attributed to the variation of effective refractive index.
A General System for Automatic Biomedical Image Segmentation Using Intensity Neighborhoods (2011)

Image segmentation is important with applications to several problems in biology and medicine. While extensively researched, generally, current segmentation methods perform adequately in the applications for which they were designed, but often require extensive modifications or calibrations before being used in a different application. We describe an approach that, with few modifications, can be used in a variety of image segmentation problems. The approach is based on a supervised learning strategy that utilizes intensity neighborhoods to assign each pixel in a test image its correct class based on training data. We describe methods for modeling rotations and variations in scales as well as a subset selection for training the classifiers. We show that the performance of our approach in tissue segmentation tasks in magnetic resonance and histopathology microscopy images, as well as nuclei segmentation from fluorescence microscopy images, is similar to or better than several algorithms specifically designed for each of these applications.
Arsenic redistribution at the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi></mml:math>interface during oxidation of implanted silicon (1998)

The behavior of ion-implanted As in (100) silicon wafers, following thermal oxidation, has been investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and extended x-ray-absorption fine structure. The adopted fluences ($3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}$ and $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$) and oxidation conditions (wet 920 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, dry 1100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C) span quite a broad range of phenomena, giving rise to As diffusion in the bulk, and/or segregation and precipitation at the ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}/\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}$ interface. The surface roughness is correlated to that measured at the interface, although the oxide presence strongly reduces the value with respect to that present at the interface. Rough interfaces and surfaces are formed when the arsenic concentration exceeds the solid solubility and precipitation occurs. The SiAs precipitates are characterized by a monoclinic structure with low surface energy for the (100) facet, as determined by the Wulff plot. Residual roughness is left at the oxide surface even if precipitates initially formed dissolve during subsequent oxidation. The depth profile of the dopant has been quantitatively computed by the analytical solution of the diffusion equation, taking into account the interface movement, the As redistribution at the interface between oxide and bulk silicon, the formation, growth, and dissolution of precipitates, and, of course, the drive-in process. The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the dopant concentration has been also considered and determined as a converging parameter, considering iteratively the differential equation solution. In all the investigated cases the agreement between experimental data and calculations has been found to be good.
In vivo PCSK9 gene editing using an all-in-one self-cleavage AAV-CRISPR system (2021)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) has shown promising results in preclinical models. However, the long-term expression of Cas9 mediated by AAV in the post-mitotic cells raises concerns with specificity and immunogenicity. Thus, it would be advantageous to limit the duration of Cas9 expression following delivery. In this study, we have engineered an all-in-one self-cleavage AAV-CRISPR-Cas9 system to restrict the expression of Cas9 nuclease, which consists of a Cas9 nuclease from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9), a chimeric single guide RNA (sgRNA) molecule targeting <i>PCSK9</i>, and flanking sites targeted by this sgRNA. The self-cleavage system generated a negative feedback loop where Cas9 cut both the target genomic locus and the AAV vector, thus self-limiting the expression of Cas9. We demonstrated that this system could reduce ∼60% expression of SaCas9 protein and had a 20-fold reduction in off-target activity at 24 weeks post-vector administration <i>in vivo</i>. Moreover, the on-target editing efficacy was not compromised and resulted in a stable reduction in circulating PCSK9 and serum cholesterol. The inclusion of this self-cleavage system in gene-editing approaches could increase the safety profile of AAV-delivered genome-editing nucleases and thereby promote its clinical transformation.
Longitudinal coherence in thermal ghost imaging (2008)

We show theoretically and experimentally that lensless ghost imaging with thermal light is fully interpretable in terms of classical statistical optics. The disappearance of the ghost image when the object and the reference planes are located at different distances from the source is due to the fading out of the intensity-intensity cross correlation between the two planes. Thus the visibility and the resolution of the ghost image are determined by the longitudinal coherence of the speckle beam, and no quantum explanation is necessary.
DOCSIS/sup TM/ cable modem technology (2001)

An overview of the cable modem interface standard is presented. This standard is the foundation for high-speed access to content on the Internet being offend by North American cable operators. It also facilitates retail sales of modems and integration into computers, is being adopted by international operators, and provides a path for convergence of video, data, and voice services on a broadband cable system. The details of the protocol stack and evolution of the standard are discussed.
[Rapid detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA in urine samples by polymerase chain reaction in vitro gene amplification]. (1990)

In the detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA in the urine by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We have designed and synthesized two pairs of oligonucleotide primers (patent pending) corresponding to the specific and conserved DNA sequences of HCMV AD 169 strain. The sequences of the primers were checked that they did not have cross reaction with either normal human genomic DNA or with other herpesviruses. As less as 1fg of HCMV DNA (equal to the amount of DNA from four HCMV virions) in urine can be detected by the method A total of 47 urine specimens from infants suspected of HCMV infection was examined by PCR and conventional virus isolation simultaneously 31 samples were positive in both PCR and virus isolation; 12 samples were negative in either; 4 samples were positive in PCR but negative in virus isolation. So the samples were further examined by serology and the data showed that there was HCMV-specific IgM in all the virus isolation negative sera examined. The result suggests that HCMV in the above samples is possibly underdetected by virus isolation. Therefore the method described in the paper is a specific, sensitive, rapid conventional and non radioisotopic one for detection of HCMV in urine samples.
Reducing sensitivity to localization error through local search (2007)

Many researchers study the search of unknown areas with teams of cooperating robots. Robot cooperation often relies upon shared representations built from shared information. When robots share information, they inadvertently share the error associated with that information. In this research, we realistically assume that all position-based data has some amount of localization error. We model the propagation of this error in cooperative search. We conjecture that propagation of error differs based on whether search targets are shared or locally discovered. Search errors due to inaccurate position estimates are quantified and compared in both approaches via simulations.
Improved formula of wavefront reconstruction from a radial shearing interferogram (2008)

A radial shearing (RS) interferogram obtained by the carrier fringe method is essentially the combination of radial and lateral shearing. The previous phase reconstruction algorithm neglects the effect of lateral shearing on the obtained RS interferogram. A mathematical formula for wavefront reconstruction from an RS interferogram is deduced. If the phase difference of the tested wavefront phase, the RS ratio s, and the laterally sheared amount x(0) in the x direction and y(0) in the y direction, respectively, have been determined, the tested wavefront phase can be precisely reconstructed using this formula. The result of simulation analysis and experiment shows that the formula is correct and more accurate.
Morphologic changes in collagen fibers after 830 nm diode laser welding (1997)

These data suggest that diode laser heating denatured part of the collagenic fibers, and that these morphologic changes play an important role in laser welding.
Auditory Processing Of Temporal Fine Structure: Effects Of Age And Hearing Loss (2014)

The book is concerned with changes in the perception of sound that are associated with hearing loss and aging. Hearing loss affects about 7% of the population in developed countries, and the proportion is increasing as the average age of the population increases. The audiogram is the most widely used diagnostic tool in audiology clinics around the world. The audiogram involves measuring the threshold for detecting sounds of different frequencies. Sometimes the audiogram is the only diagnostic tool that is used. However, hearing problems are not completely characterized by the audiogram. Two individuals with similar audiograms may show very different abilities in the detection and discrimination of sounds at above-threshold levels. Also, a person may have hearing difficulties despite having an audiogram that is within the range conventionally considered as 'normal'. One factor that may influence the discrimination of sounds, especially the ability to understand speech in background sounds, is sensitivity to temporal fine structure (TFS). This monograph reviews the role played by TFS in masking, pitch perception, speech perception, and spatial hearing, and concludes that cues derived from TFS play an important role in all of these. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that cochlear hearing loss reduces the ability to use TFS cues. Also, the ability to use TFS declines with increasing age even when the audiogram remains normal. This provides a new dimension to the changes in hearing associated with aging, a topic that is currently of great interest in view of the increasing proportion of older people in the population. The study of the role of TFS in auditory processing has been a hot topic in recent years. While there have been many research papers on this topic in specialized journals, there has been no overall review that pulls together the different research findings and presents and interprets them within a coherent framework. This monograph fills this gap