gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmental trajectories in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (2015)

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), a neurogenetic condition, is the most common microdeletion syndrome affecting 1 in 2,000-4,000 live births and involving haploinsufficiency of ∼50 genes resulting in a multisystem disorder. Phenotypic expression is highly variable and ranges from severe life-threatening conditions to only a few associated features. Most common medical problems include: congenital heart disease, in particular conotruncal anomalies; palatal abnormalities, most frequently velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI); immunodeficiency; hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism; genitourinary anomalies; severe feeding/gastrointestinal differences; and subtle dysmorphic facial features. The neurocognitive profile is also highly variable, both between individuals and during the course of development. From infancy onward, motor delays (often with hypotonia) and speech/language deficits are commonly observed. During the preschool and primary school ages, learning difficulties are very common. The majority of patients with 22q11.2DS have an intellectual level that falls in the borderline range (IQ 70-84), and about one-third have mild to moderate intellectual disability. More severe levels of intellectual disability are uncommon in children and adolescents but are more frequent in adults. Individuals with 22q11.2DS are at an increased risk for developing several psychiatric disorders including attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anxiety and mood disorders, and psychotic disorders and schizophrenia. In this review, we will focus on the developmental phenotypic transitions regarding cognitive development in 22q11.2DS from early preschool to adulthood, and on the changing behavioral/psychiatric phenotype across age, on a background of frequently complex medical conditions.
Datos y razones de la involución eclesial (2011)

Although 11-oxyandrogens do not aid in the diagnosis of PCOS, they relate to excess hair growth. COCP treatment may related to 11-KT; however, further work is needed to determine causality, relationship with metabolic outcomes, and the clinical utility of measuring these androgens in PCOS.
A novel block-level continuous data protection system (2010)

Continuous Data Protection (CDP) techniques have received great interest both from academia and industry in recent years. Aiming at the challenges to design and implement a CDP system, this paper proposes GSP_BCDP: a novel continuous data protection architecture at block level. Compared with other approaches, it uses a global shared storage pool to actually store all the versions of data contents, and each version of each logical volume bonded with a restore index table. The recovery of GSP_BCDP is per volume basis, rather than per block basis in other schemes, so GSP_BCDP can provide a much faster version restore than others. Furthermore, through global data de-duplication techniques, GSP_BCDP can not only reduce the duplications along the history of the same data stream, but also de-duplicate the redundancies among data streams or identities between different users. Experimental results demonstrate that GSP_BCDP can improve the recovery time up to more than 10 times, and with storage space compression ratio of 1.2 times in average.
SENILE MACULAR DEGENERATION: REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES (1983)

Senile macular degeneration is a leading cause of visual loss in the United States, England, and probably many other industrialized countries. The clinical manifestations of this disease include: drusen, atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, serous detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal neovascularization, and disciform scars. Standardized techniques for defining these manifestations of senile macular degeneration are necessary for epidemiologic study of this disease. Such standardization is facilitated by the use of fundus photographs. If a visual acuity deficit is included in the definition of senile macular degeneration, care must be taken to assure that senile macular degeneration is responsible for the decreased vision. The Framingham Eye Study provides the best senile macular degeneration prevalence data. The rapid increase in prevalence of senile macular degeneration after the fifth decade is demonstrated in this study and is consistent with other studies. In fact, increasing age has the strongest association with senile macular degeneration of any of the risk factors considered to date. Many other possible risk factors have been identified but further investigation is necessary to verify these associations.
Synthesis and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of 4,6‐disubstituted 1‐<i>p</i>‐chlorophenylpyrazolo[3,4‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines (1982)

Abstract Several 4,6‐disubstituted 1‐ p ‐chlorophenylpyrazolo[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidines were prepared from 4,6‐dichloro‐1‐ p ‐chlorophenylpyrazolo[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidine and their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were tested in vitro .
Lateral Separation of Macromolecules and Polyelectrolytes in Microlithographic Arrays (1998)

A new approach to separation of a variety of microscopic and mesoscopic objects in dilute solution is presented. The approach takes advantage of unique properties of a specially designed separation device (sieve), which can be built using already developed microlithographic techniques. Because of the broken reflection symmetry in its design, the direction of motion of an object in the sieve varies as a function of its self-diffusion constant, causing separation transverse to its direction of motion. This gives the device some significant and unique advantages over existing fractionation methods based on centrifugation and electrophoresis.
Gene Therapy of Bladder Control (1996)

BACKGROUND: The incidence of bladder cancer has been steadily increasing and, despite improvements in treatment, many patients will not survive five years. Gene therapy is a promising approach that may improve the management of this disease. METHODS: Gene therapy involves two steps: (1) selection of an appropriate gene and (2) transfer of that gene to the target cells. RESULTS: Five broad categories of cancer gene therapy are undergoing clinical evaluation: (1) immunological augmentation by cytokine or (2) foreign gene transfer into tumor cells, (3) insertion of a suicide gene into tumor cells, (4) tumor suppressor gene reconstitution, and (5) bone marrow protection by insertion of a multidrug resistance gene. CONCLUSIONS: Although many gene transfer approaches have great intuitive appeal, several constraints, including problems with methods of gene transfer, must be overcome before this biologic approach can reach its potential.
Probabilistic inference for machine translation (2008)

We advance the state-of-the-art for discriminatively trained machine translation systems by presenting novel probabilistic inference and search methods for synchronous grammars. By approximating the intractable space of all candidate translations produced by intersecting an ngram language model with a synchronous grammar, we are able to train and decode models incorporating millions of sparse, heterogeneous features. Further, we demonstrate the power of the discriminative training paradigm by extracting structured syntactic features, and achieving increases in translation performance.
Low-Dielectric-Constant Polyimide/Glass Composites (1994)

Advance in polymer technology yields composites having relatively low dielectric constants. Reduction achieved by reducing interactions between linear polyimide chains and by incorporation of fluorine into polymer backbones. Further reductions obtained by physically incorporating selected diamic acid additives into polyimides. Strong potential for use in microelectronics industry for fabrication of printed-circuit boards and fabrication of components for military aircraft.
Key peptide processing enzymes are expressed by a variant form of small-cell carcinoma of the lung (1998)

Small-cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) is a neuroendocrine tumor characterized by having the capacity to produce and secrete a number of small neuropeptides. These peptides serve the tumor as autocrine growth factors. SCCL is known to undergo a process of dedifferentiation to a variant (drug-resistant) form, and this process is associated with loss of marker enzymes such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC). The current study was designed to discover if variant SCCL, represented by cell line NCI H82, retains some capacity to generate active neuropeptides (like vasopressin) from their precursors by continuing to express the three key classes of enzymes necessary for such conversions, namely prohormone convertases (PCs), carboxypeptidases (CPs), and peptidylglycine a-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). RT-PCR for mRNAs representing PC1, PC2, CPE, and PAM was performed on total RNA extracted from NCI H82. The primers selected for PCR and partial sequencing were synthetic 20, 21, 22, and 24 oligomers designed to yield products of 533, 880, 405, and 560 base pairs (bp) for PC1, PC2, CPE, and PAM, respectively. For the conditions used, we were able to demonstrate products for all four enzymes. Each of the four products generated were of the expected size. Cloning and sequencing of these products revealed that each had a structure identical to that published for the human form of the respective enzyme. Western analysis with antibodies against PC1, PC2, CPE, and PAM, provided evidence that mRNAs for the four enzymes are translated into proteins that could represent functional forms. Our findings therefore demonstrate that key enzymes involved in the generation of active neuropeptides, unlike the marker enzymes NSE and DDC, continue to be expressed by variant SCCL.
Treatment with Unsaponifiable Extracts of Avocado and Soybean Increases TGF-.BETA.1 and TGF-.BETA.2 Levels in Canine Joint Fluid (2007)

Avocado and soya unsaponifiables (ASU) are plant extracts used as a slow-acting antiarthritic agent. ASU stimulate the synthesis of matrix components by chondrocytes, probably by increasing the production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). TGF-beta is expressed by chondrocytes and osteoblasts and is present in cartilage matrix. This study investigates the effect of ASU treatment on the levels of two isoforms of TGFbeta, TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, in the knee joint fluid using a canine model. Twenty-four outbred dogs were divided into three groups. The control animals were given a normal diet, while the treated animals were given 300 mg ASU every three days or every day. Joint fluid samples were obtained prior to treatment, and at the end of every month (up to three months). TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 levels were measured using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. ASU treatment caused an increase in TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 levels in the joint fluid when compared to controls. The different doses did not cause a significant difference in joint fluid TGF levels. TGF-beta1 levels in the treated animals reached maximum values at the end of the second month and then decreased after the third month, while TGF-beta2 levels showed a marginal increase during the first two months, followed by a marked increase at the end of the third month. In conclusion, ASU increased both TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 levels in knee joint fluid.
Interframe differential vector coding of line spectrum frequencies (1993)

In many vocoders LSFs (line spectrum frequencies) are used to encode the linear predictive coding (LPC) parameters. An interframe differential coding scheme is presented for LSFs. The LSFs of the current speech frame are predicted by using both the LSFs of the previous frame and some of the LSFs of the current frame. Then the difference vector resulting from prediction is vector quantized. The proposed scheme is computationally efficient and easy to implement, and can be used in low-bit-rate vocoders.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure and chromosomal localization of the human antidiuretic hormone receptor gene. (1992)

Applying a genomic DNA-expression approach, we cloned the gene and cDNA coding for the human anti-diuretic hormone receptor, also called "vasopressin V2 receptor" (V2R). The nucleotide sequence of both cloned DNAs provided the information to elucidate the structure of the isolated transcriptional unit. The structure of this gene is unusual in that it is the first G protein-coupled receptor gene that contains two very small intervening sequences, the second of which separates the region encoding the seventh transmembrane region from the rest of the open reading frame. The sequence information was used to synthesize appropriate oligonucleotides to be used as primers in the PCR. The V2R gene was localized by PCR using DNA from hybrid cells as template. The gene was found to reside in the q28-qter portion of the human X chromosome, a region identified as the locus for congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
III-V Semiconductor Quantum Well Lasers and Related Optoelectronic Devices on Silicon (Abstracts) (1990)

Abstract : For some time interests have been aroused by the III-V quantum well heterostructures (QWHs) and superlattices (SLs) and, in addition to fundamental effects, the special opportunities QWHs and SLs afford in making possible improved forms of lasers, not to mention other devices and optoelectronic systems. In this report, studies have been made of: (1) Al(x)Ga(1-x)As-GaAs lasers on Si, (2) impurity induced layer disordering (which is an especially advantageous phenomenon in QWHs and SLs), (3) phonon-assisted laser operation and its unambiguous identification by control of the cavity Q of QWH samples, (4) the use of cavity Q to fill the recombination spectrum of QWHs, and (5) hydrolization and reliability of Al(x)Ga(1-x)As-GaAs QWHs and SLs, and (6) various other laser problems associated with higher gap crystals such as In(y) (Al(x)Ga(1-x)(1-y)P. Keywords: Lasers; Silicon; Semiconductors.
Viscoelastic and aggregometric point‐of‐care testing in patients with septic shock – cross‐links between inflammation and haemostasis (2012)

Viscoelastic and aggregometric point-of-care testing was shown to be potentially useful for bedside diagnosis of sepsis. Moreover, viscoelastic and aggregometric point-of-care testing was able to determine the phase of septic coagulopathy (hypercoagulability vs. hypocoagulability) and therefore identified patients at high risk for overt disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Merocyanine Dyes in the Cyanine Limit: A New Class of Chromophores for Photorefractive Materials (1997)

By tuning the donor–acceptor strength in heterocyclic methine dyes such as 1, the cyanine limit was accessible. Despite almost vanishing second-order polarizabilities (β) this new class of chromophores sets a new hallmark for photorefractive applications. With a dye content of only 20% complete diffraction of the readout beam is achieved at a wave-length of 790 nm and a field strength of 68 V μm−1.
3D structure of Alzheimer's amyloid-β(1–42) fibrils (2005)

Alzheimer's disease is the most fatal neurodegenerative disorder wherein the process of amyloid-beta (Abeta) amyloidogenesis appears causative. Here, we present the 3D structure of the fibrils comprising Abeta(1-42), which was obtained by using hydrogen-bonding constraints from quenched hydrogen/deuterium-exchange NMR, side-chain packing constraints from pairwise mutagenesis studies, and parallel, in-register beta-sheet arrangement from previous solid-state NMR studies. Although residues 1-17 are disordered, residues 18-42 form a beta-strand-turn-beta-strand motif that contains two intermolecular, parallel, in-register beta-sheets that are formed by residues 18-26 (beta1) and 31-42 (beta2). At least two molecules of Abeta(1-42) are required to achieve the repeating structure of a protofilament. Intermolecular side-chain contacts are formed between the odd-numbered residues of strand beta1 of the nth molecule and the even-numbered residues of strand beta2 of the (n - 1)th molecule. This interaction pattern leads to partially unpaired beta-strands at the fibrillar ends, which explains the sequence selectivity, the cooperativity, and the apparent unidirectionality of Abeta fibril growth. It also provides a structural basis for fibrillization inhibitors.
Respiration and Heartbeat Rates Measurement Based on Autocorrelation Using IR-UWB Radar (2018)

Respiration rate (RR) and heartbeat rate (HR) are important physiological parameters for a person. Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) is a promising technology for non-contact sensing and monitoring. This brief presents a new method based on autocorrelation to measure the RR and HR using IR-UWB radar. The correlation coefficient waveform contains the vital sign signals, overcoming the effect of noise and clutter. Applying fast Fourier transform, the respiration frequency can be acquired easily. A clever method also based on autocorrelation is proposed to locate the subject. The receive signal matrix is divided into a set of bins in the direction of fast time. By removing one block from the matrix each time and re-applying the autocorrelation, the removed block resulting the smallest correlations is corresponding to the location of a subject. Moreover, variational mode decomposition algorithm is adopted to successfully separate the respiration and heartbeat signals. Experiments are carried out using a PulsOn410 UWB radar. The results show that the proposed low-complexity algorithm has high accuracy.
Authorization Management in Multi-cloud Collaboration Using Attribute-Based Access Control (2016)

Security in multi-cloud collaborative environment requires a fine-grained access control mechanism. Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) is considered to be a suitable choice in such situations. However, identification of a correct set of ABAC rules is a crucial step in establishing secure collaborations among multiple clouds. In this paper, we formally define cross-domain rule mining as the problem of finding a minimal set of ABAC rules that allow access to the resources of one cloud by the users of another cloud. The problem is shown to be NP-Hard and a heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve it. Experiments on an extensive set of benchmark and synthetic data show encouraging results.
Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinases are involved in the all‐<i>trans</i> retinoic acid‐induced upregulation of CD38 antigen on human haematopoietic cells (2002)

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a specific inducer of CD38 antigen on marrow CD34+ cells as well as on blast cells in acute promyelocytic and myeloblastic leukaemia. The CD38 antigen contributes to the control of blast cell proliferation, and the upregulation of CD38 might constitute an element in the pathogenesis of retinoic acid syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine whether phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) is involved in the modification of CD38 antigen expression on myeloid cells, as PI3-K plays a major role in the ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. We evaluated the effects of PI3-K inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) on the levels of CD38 antigen and mRNA in HL-60 and normal marrow CD34+ cells exposed to ATRA (1 micromol/l). The inhibitors prevented increase in CD38 mRNA expression and the overexpression of membrane CD38 antigen, without modification of the cytoplasmic level of this antigen. Interestingly, PI3-K activity was also necessary for CD38 expression on normal marrow CD34+ cells and for the ATRA-induced upregulation of CD157, a CD38-related antigen. In conclusion, PI3-K activity plays an essential role in the regulation of CD38 expression on human haematopoietic cells, and might constitute an interesting therapeutic target in haematological disorders involving CD38 overexpression.
Coexpression of <i>Drosophila</i> TRP and TRP-like proteins in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes reconstitutes capacitative Ca <sup>2+</sup>  entry (1996)

Capacitative Ca2+ entry is a component of the inositol-lipid signaling in which depletion of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-sensitive Ca2+ stores activates Ca2+ influx by a mechanism that is still unknown. This pathway plays a central role in cellular signaling, which is mediated by many hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. Studies of Drosophila photoreceptors provided the first putative capacitative Ca2+ entry mutant designated transient receptor potential (trp) and a Drosophila gene encoding TRP-like protein (trpl). It is not clear how the Ca2+ store depletion signal is relayed to the plasma membrane and whether both TRP and TRPL participate in this process. We report here that coexpressing Drosophila TRP and TRPL in Xenopus oocytes synergistically enhances the endogenous Ca(2+)-activated Cl- current and produces a divalent inward current. Both of these currents are activated by Ca2+ store depletion. In the absence of Ca2+, Mg2+ is the main charge carrier of the divalent current. This current is characterized by lanthanum sensitivity and a voltage-dependent blocking effect of Mg2+, which is relieved at both hyperpolarizing (inward rectification) and depolarizing (outward rectification) potentials. The store-operated divalent current is neither observed in native oocytes nor in oocytes expressing either TRP or TRPL alone. The production of this current implicates a cooperative action of TRP and TRPL in the depletion-activated current.
The <i>p53</i> and <i>mdm</i>‐2 genes in human testicular germ‐cell tumors (1995)

Mutations in the p53 gene are common in many cancers. They have been documented to occur in about 55% of all cancers of 51 different cell and tissue types. These mutations are accompanied by overexpression of the p53 protein in the nucleus of the cell, and this protein has lost its tumor suppressor function. In this study, 25 testicular germ-cell (TGC) tumors were tested for p53 mutations and the level of p53 protein expression. While 67% of the tumors overproduced the p53 protein in the nucleus of 10-60% of their cells, in all cases the DNA sequence of exons 4-9 of the p53 gene was wild type. In this tumor type, there was apparently no selection pressure for p53 mutations. The mdm-2 gene residues on chromosome 12 (12q13-q14), a chromosome often altered in TGC tumors. mdm-2 gene amplification (2.5- to 10-fold) was detected in three (12%) of these TGC tumors. These three tumors, and eight additional TGC tumors, overexpressed mdm-2 mRNA. There was a good correlation between overexpression of p53 protein and overexpression of mdm-2 mRNA (P = 0.01). This may well result from the fact that the level of mdm-2 mRNA is regulated by the p53 level. These studies demonstrate that TGC tumors fail to be selected for p53 mutations but nonetheless frequently expressed high levels of wild-type p53 protein in the cell nucleus. Perhaps this produces the excellent response to radiation and chemotherapy of these tumors, which generally have a good prognosis. Wild-type p53 may mediate apoptosis in these cells in response to the DNA damage.
Antibiotic GE2270 A: A novel inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis. I. Isolation and characterization. (1991)

A novel antibiotic, GE2270 A, was isolated from the fermentation broth of a strain of Planobispora rosea. The product was found to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Structural characteristics showed similarities between GE2270 A and thiazolyl peptides such as micrococcin which is known to inhibit protein synthesis by acting directly on the ribosome. Despite this similarity GE2270 A showed functional analogy to kirromycin-like antibiotics and pulvomycin, as its molecular target was found to be elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). GE2270 A is active against Gram-positive microorganism and anaerobes and differs from the other EF-Tu inhibitors in its spectrum of antimicrobial activity.