gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intranasal adhesion formation following surgery for chronic nasal obstruction (1988)

Several publications have addressed the problem of atrophic rhinitis and ozaena following turbinate resection for chronic nasal obstruction, but little attention has been given to the problem of intranasal adhesion formation following this procedure. To determine the incidence of postoperative intranasal adhesion formation, a retrospective study of 479 operations on the inferior turbinate and nasal septum, either alone or in combination, was carried out. Adhesion formation complicated 36.2% of turbinate resections, 30.6% of turbinate resections in combination with septal surgery and only 6.8% of all the other procedures. There was also a significantly higher incidence of postoperative haemorrhage following turbinate resection (7.4%) than that following other procedures (1.9%). There was no noted occurrence of atrophic rhinitis, rhinitis sicca or ozaena.
Voluntary Disconnected Operations for Energy Efficient Mobile Devices in Pervasive Computing Environments (2013)

It is important to support disconnected operations in mobile computing, because wireless communication requires substantial power consumption by mobile devices. Suitable usage of voluntary disconnected operations with pre-fetching of data in mobile environments can effectively save energy and money for mobile devices in wireless pervasive computing. In this paper, we analyze energy expenditure, including voluntary disconnected operations, to evaluate the energy efficiency of mobile computing. We estimate the energy expenditure using various parameters. The results of our analysis will assist efficient employment of disconnected operations and performance prediction.
Beneficial effects of dietary mineral restriction in dogs with marked reduction of functional renal mass. (1991)

Although studies in partially nephrectomized rats have identified a progressive nephropathy that is altered by dietary restriction of phosphorus intake, the response of dogs to similar perturbations has not been established. Functional renal mass was reduced by 15/16 in dogs to determine its long-term effects on renal function and to evaluate the effects of two levels of dietary mineral (calcium and phosphorus) intake (0.44% phosphorus/0.57% calcium versus 1.50% phosphorus/1.91% calcium). Following a 3-month stabilization period, dogs were fed either the lower mineral diet (group 1, N = 12) or the higher mineral diet (group 2, N = 12) for 24 months. Loss of renal function with the passage of time was observed in 10 of 12 dogs maintained on the higher mineral diet, with an average decrease in exogenous creatinine clearance of 11.1 +/- 6.3%/month, leading to a survival rate of 33% in this group. Restriction of dietary mineral intake slowed (P less than 0.05) the rate of decline of exogenous creatinine clearance in group 1 to 2.6 +/- 1.1%/month and improved 24-month survival to 75% (P less than 0.01). Deterioration of renal function was associated with renal calcium accumulation and histologic evidence of nephrocalcinosis, tubular atrophy and dilatation, and interstitial fibrosis. These events were more readily apparent in female than in male dogs. A role for glomerulosclerosis was not apparent, and neither glomerular pathology nor glomerular volume was related to the observed decrements in renal function.
Characterization of Functional Heme Domains from Soluble Guanylate Cyclase (2005)

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimeric, nitric oxide (NO)-sensing hemoprotein composed of two subunits, alpha1 and beta1. NO binds to the heme cofactor in the beta1 subunit, forming a five-coordinate NO complex that activates the enzyme several hundred-fold. In this paper, the heme domain has been localized to the N-terminal 194 residues of the beta1 subunit. This fragment represents the smallest construct of the beta1 subunit that retains the ligand-binding characteristics of the native enzyme, namely, tight affinity for NO and no observable binding of O(2). A functional heme domain from the rat beta2 subunit has been localized to the first 217 amino acids beta2(1-217). These proteins are approximately 40% identical to the rat beta1 heme domain and form five-coordinate, low-spin NO complexes and six-coordinate, low-spin CO complexes. Similar to sGC, these constructs have a weak Fe-His stretch [208 and 207 cm(-)(1) for beta1(1-194) and beta2(1-217), respectively]. beta2(1-217) forms a CO complex that is very similar to sGC and has a high nu(CO) stretching frequency at 1994 cm(-)(1). The autoxidation rate of beta1(1-194) was 0.073/min, while the beta2(1-217) was substantially more stable in the ferrous form with an autoxidation rate of 0.003/min at 37 degrees C. This paper has identified and characterized the minimum functional ligand-binding heme domain derived from sGC, providing key details toward a comprehensive characterization.
Protein kinase PKR mutants resistant to the poxvirus pseudosubstrate K3L protein (2008)

As part of the mammalian cell innate immune response, the double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase PKR phosphorylates the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha to inhibit protein synthesis and thus block viral replication. Poxviruses including vaccinia and smallpox viruses express PKR inhibitors such as the vaccinia virus K3L protein that resembles the N-terminal substrate-targeting domain of eIF2alpha. Whereas high-level expression of human PKR was toxic in yeast, this growth inhibition was suppressed by coexpression of the K3L protein. We used this yeast assay to screen for PKR mutants that are resistant to K3L inhibition, and we identified 12 mutations mapping to the C-terminal lobe of the PKR kinase domain. The PKR mutations specifically conferred resistance to the K3L protein both in yeast and in vitro. Consistently, the PKR-D486V mutation led to nearly a 15-fold decrease in K3L binding affinity yet did not impair eIF2alpha phosphorylation. Our results support the identification of the eIF2alpha-binding site on an extensive face of the C-terminal lobe of the kinase domain, and they indicate that subtle changes to the PKR kinase domain can drastically impact pseudosubstrate inhibition while leaving substrate phosphorylation intact. We propose that these paradoxical effects of the PKR mutations on pseudosubstrate vs. substrate interactions reflect differences between the rigid K3L protein and the plastic nature of eIF2alpha around the Ser-51 phosphorylation site.
Phase I study of ABT-199 (GDC-0199) in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): Responses observed in diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) at higher cohort doses. (2014)

8522 Background: The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 is a highly expressed in NHL and contributes to chemotherapy resistance. ABT-199 is a selective, orally bioavailable, small molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor that is a promising agent for the treatment of patients (pts) with NHL. Methods: Objectives of this Phase I, dose-escalation study include evaluations of safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and preliminary efficacy in pts with R/R NHL. ABT-199 was given on Week 1 Day -7 (W1D-7), followed by continuous, once-daily dosing from W1D1 until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. A 2 to 3 week lead-in period with stepwise dose titration was implemented. Final cohort doses of 200 - 900 mg have been evaluated. Results: As of December 4, 2013, 44 pts have been enrolled, 15 (35%) with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 11 (26%) with FL, 10 (23%) with DLBCL, 4 (9%) with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), 2 (5%) with marginal zone (MZL), 1 (2%) with primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), and 1 (2%) with multiple myeloma (MM). The most common AEs (≥20% of pts) were nausea (34%), upper respiratory tract infection (27%), diarrhea (25%), and fatigue (21%). Grade (G) 3/4 AEs occurring in >3 pts were anemia (14%), neutropenia (11%), and thrombocytopenia (9%). G 3/4 thrombocytopenia was not dose-dependent or dose-limiting. Two of 10 pts in cohort 5 experienced a DLT (G3 febrile neutropenia and G4 neutropenia) at the target dose of 600 mg. G3 laboratory tumor lysis syndrome was seen after the initial dose in 1 pt with bulky MCL (elevations in phosphate and potassium only) and 1 pt with DLBCL (elevations in phosphate and uric acid only). For the 40 pts evaluable for efficacy, the overall response rate was 48%, 9/12 MCL (1 CR); 3/11 FL; 3/9 DLBCL (1 CR); 3/4 WM (1 CR); 1/2 MZL; 0/1 PMBCL; 0/1 MM. All responses in DLBCL and FL pts were observed at doses ≥600 mg; 3/8 DLBCL (38%) and 3/6 FL (50%). Conclusions: ABT-199 monotherapy showed anti-tumor activity across the range of ABT-199 cohort doses for several NHL subtypes, most notably in MCL and WM. In DLBCL and FL, responses were observed at higher doses. Dose escalation is continuing to determine the MTD and RP2D. Clinical trial information: NCT01328626.
Design of a 2-GS/s 8-b Self-Calibrating ADC in 0.18 μ m CMOS technology (2005)

The paper discusses the design of a very highspeed 8-b analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS. A conversion rate as high as 2GS/s with a relatively low power consumption was achieved by means of a couple of interleaved subranging/flash ADC with a single track-and-hold at the input. Special design solutions were adopted for implementing subranging operation at such a high frequency. Finally, a lower power consumption self-calibrating technique effective for reducing nonlinearity errors below 1 LSB was implemented.
Effects of duodenal and distal ileal infusions of glucose and oleic acid on meal patterns in rats (1995)

The mechanisms mediating the anorexic effects of nutrients in the proximal and distal small intestine are not clearly understood. We determined the dose-dependent effects of duodenal and distal ileal infusions of glucose and oleic acid on meal patterns in ad libitum feeding rats. Rats with cannulas in both the duodenum and ileum received a 2-h infusion of glucose (0, 800, 1,600, 3,200, 6,400, or 12,800 mumol/h) or oleic acid (0, 48, 240, 640, or 1,280 mumol/h) into the duodenum or ileum at the start of the dark period, and meal patterns were monitored for 4 h. Cumulative food intake was inhibited dose dependently by ileal as well as duodenal infusion of both glucose and oleic acid. Ileal glucose was more inhibitory than duodenal glucose, whereas duodenal oleic acid was more inhibitory than ileal oleic acid. Duodenal glucose and oleic acid inhibited feeding by decreasing meal frequency; ileal oleic acid decreased only meal size, whereas ileal glucose reduced both meal size and frequency. We interpret these results to suggest that ileal oleic acid and glucose suppress feeding by different mechanisms and that these mechanisms differ from those mediating the anorexic responses to oleic acid and glucose in the duodenum.
An Overview of Acoustic Telemetry (1992)

Acoustic telemetry has been a dream of the drilling industry for the past 50 years. It offers the promise of data rates which are one-hundred times greater than existing technology. Such a system would open the door to true logging-while-drilling technology and bring enormous profits to its developers. The oil and gas industry has led in most of the attempts to develop this type of telemetry system; however, very substantial efforts have also been made through government sponsored work in the geothermal industry. None of these previous attempts have lead to a commercial telemetry system. Conceptually, the problem looks easy. The basic idea is to produce an encoded sound wave at the bottom of the well, let it propagate up the steel drillpipe, and extract the data from the signal at the surface. Unfortunately, substantial difficulties arise. The first difficult problem is to produce the sound wave. Since the most promising transmission wavelengths are about 20 feet, normal transducer efficiencies are quite low. Compounding this problem is the structural complexity of the bottomhole assembly and drillstring. For example, the acoustic impedance of the drillstring changes every 30 feet and produces an unusual scattering pattern in the acoustic transmission. This scattering pattern causes distortion of the signal and is often confused with signal attenuation. These problems are not intractable. Recent work has demonstrated that broad frequency bands exist which are capable of transmitting data at rates up to 100 bits per second. Our work has also identified the mechanism which is responsible for the observed anomalies in the patterns of signal attenuation. Furthermore in the past few years a body of experience has been developed in designing more efficient transducers for application to metal Waveguides. The direction of future work is clear. New transducer designs which are more efficient and compatible with existing downhole power supplies need to be built and tested; existing field test data need to be analyzed for transmission bandwidth and attenuation; and the new and less expensive methods of collecting data on transmission path quality need to be incorporated into this effort.
Fast search algorithm for VQ-based recognition of isolated words (1989)

This paper presents a fast search algorithm for vector quantisation (VQ)-based recognition of isolated words. It incorporates the property of high correlation between speech feature vectors of consecutive frames with the method of triangular inequality elimination to relieve the computational burden of vector-quantising the test feature vectors by full codebook search, and uses the extended partial distortion method to compress the incomplete matching computations of wildly mismatched words. Overall computational load can therefore be drastically reduced while the recognition performance of full search can be retained. Experimental results show that about 93% of multiplications and additions can be saved with a little increase of both comparisons and memory space.
19.5 A 2.4GHz RF fractional-N synthesizer with 0.25f<inf>REF</inf> BW (2017)

The loop bandwidth of conventional RF fractional-N synthesizers has been limited to about f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</sub> /10 despite the use of methods that suppress the ΔΣ-modulator quantization noise [1-4]. The trade-off between the loop bandwidth and the ΔΣ noise peaking becomes more serious if the synthesizer employs a ring oscillator to achieve multiband operation, less unwanted coupling, and greater design flexibility than LC oscillators [5]. This paper proposes a simple, robust fractional-N architecture that reduces the ΔΣ noise peak at fREF/2 by 62dB without significant bandwidth penalty. The synthesizer can thus incorporate a ring oscillator while achieving a performance commensurate with WiFi receivers and transmitters.
Pharmacognosy of Prunus laurocerasus Linn-A Homoeopathic Drug (2008)

Prunus laurocerasus L., a shrub belonging to family Rosaceae, is a well known drug in homoeopathy. Leaves are used as an antispasmodic, in heart diseases, for relief in nausea and as an ingredient in eye lotions. The leaves are coriaceous, dark green above and pale beneath, shortly petiolate; epidermal cells have distinctly thick, curved to wavy and sinuate sides; hypostomatic with anomocytic and anisocytic types of stomata. The mesophyll and midvein ground tissue possess characteristic sphaeraphidal idioblasts. Typical aerenchyma is present in ground tissue of leaf midvein and petiole. A layer of endodermis encloses the median arcuate vascular bundle of midvein and petiole.
Finding Publicly Available Data for Extension Planning and Programming: Developing Community Portraits (2018)

Although there have been calls for many years for Extension professionals to use secondary data in their work, finding appropriate data online can still be a challenge. With the multitude of data sources available online, it can be helpful to use the concept of developing a community portrait as the context for becoming proficient at locating secondary data. Once compiled, the data in a community portrait can have multiple uses. In this article, we provide direction for finding specific online data sources and using those sources to compile a community portrait, tips on using data websites, and a quick guide to help with locating data.
Development of the hippocampal formation from2 to 42 years: MRI evidence of smaller area dentata in autism (2001)

Autism, a neuropsychiatric disorder that severely impairs social, language and cognitive development, has a clinical onset in the first years of life. Because components of the limbic system mediate memory, social and affective functions that are typically disturbed in autism, a developmental defect in the limbic system has been hypothesized to underlie different autistic symptoms, but no developmental study has been performed. To obtain neuroanatomical evidence of limbic system abnormality in autism, we measured the cross-sectional area of the area dentata (AD; dentate gyrus + CA4) and combined area of the subiculum and CA1-CA3 (CAS) using in vivo MRI. Autistic patients aged 29 months to 42 years (n = 59) and healthy normal controls (n = 51) participated. The cross-sectional area of the AD was significantly smaller than normal in autism, the largest deviation from normal size (-13.5%) being found in autistic children aged 29 months to 4 years. Strong age-related increases were seen in the cross-sectional area of CAS, but autistic and normal subjects were not significantly different. This is the first direct evidence that anatomical abnormality within the limbic system exists from the earliest years of the disorder, and persists throughout development and to middle age.
Random DNA fragmentation allows detection of single-copy, single-exon alterations of copy number by oligonucleotide array CGH in clinical FFPE samples (2009)

Genomic technologies, such as array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), increasingly offer definitive gene dosage profiles in clinical samples. Historically, copy number profiling was limited to large fresh-frozen tumors where intact DNA could be readily extracted. Genomic analyses of pre-neoplastic tumors and diagnostic biopsies are often limited to DNA processed by formalin-fixation and paraffin-embedding (FFPE). We present specialized protocols for DNA extraction and processing from FFPE tissues utilizing DNase processing to generate randomly fragmented DNA. The protocols are applied to FFPE clinical samples of varied tumor types, from multiple institutions and of varied block age. Direct comparative analyses with regression coefficient were calculated on split-sample (portion fresh/portion FFPE) of colorectal tumor samples. We show equal detection of a homozygous loss of SMAD4 at the exon-level in the SW480 cell line and gene-specific alterations in the split tumor samples. aCGH application to a set of archival FFPE samples of skin squamous cell carcinomas detected a novel hemizygous deletion in INPP5A on 10q26.3. Finally we present data on derivative of log ratio, a particular sensitive detector of measurement variance, for 216 sequential hybridizations to assess protocol reliability over a wide range of FFPE samples.
Antisecretory Drugs for Diarrheal Disease (2006)

Acute diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infants and pre-school children are the most vulnerable in whom there are 2-3 million deaths each year as a result of the associated dehydration and acidosis. Although oral rehydration therapy has reduced mortality during the past 30 years ago, the search for agents that will directly inhibit intestinal secretory mechanisms and thereby reduce faecal losses in patients with high-volume watery diarrhea has continued for more than 20 years. A variety of potential targets for antisecretory agents have been explored which include loci within the enterocyte (the chloride channel, calcium-calmodulin) and other sites such as enteric nerves and endogenous mediators (such as 5-HT, prostaglandins). Although the potential of calcium-calmodulin inhibition has as yet not been realised, preliminary studies suggest that there are chloride channel blockers under development that will find a place in the management of secretory diarrheas. Recent work has highlighted the importance of neurohumoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of acute diarrhea. Potentiation of the effects of endogenous enkephalin activity by enkephalinase inhibition has already produced a safe, effective anti-secretory drug, racecadotril. Speculative early work indicates that there may be a role for antagonists of 5-HT, substance P, and VIP receptors. There now seems to be a real possibility that antisecretory therapy will become more widely available in the future.
Facile isolation of ( E )-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial from Curcuma amada and its conversion to other biologically active compounds (2014)

Curcuma amada Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) rhizomes have been found to be a good source of (E)-labda-8(17),12-diene15,16-dial. This has been chemically transformed to other biologically active compounds like aframodial, zerumin A as well as other natural products like (E)-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-olide, 15,16-epoxy-8(17),13(16),14-labdatriene and (-)marginatone. The antimicrobial activity of zerumin A sodium salt as well as other derivatives of the dialdehyde has been established.
Macrophages exposed to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> release chemokines able to recruit selected leucocyte subpopulations: focus on γδ cells (2003)

Granuloma is a typical feature of tuberculosis. We evaluated the chemotaxis of selected human leucocyte subsets induced by macrophages incubated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT)-derived products in vitro. The release of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) correlated with the specific induction of strong chemotaxis towards monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). gammadelta and T helper type 1 (Th1) alphabeta lymphocytes were chemoattracted, while T-resting, IL-2-activated and Th2 lymphocytes were unaffected. Activation with mycobacterium-derived, phosphate-containing components, modulated the chemokine receptor profile of gammadelta T lymphocytes as well as their pattern of cyto-chemokine production, disclosing a potential for their active participation in granuloma formation. In particular, CXCR3 and IP-10, which we found to be released by MT-pulsed alveolar macrophages, seem to represent the receptor-counter-receptor pair implicated in the chemotaxis of gammadelta lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization revealed the in vivo presence of IL-8, MCP-1 and IL-10 in lymph node and lung tuberculous granulomas. Our results underscore the role of MT extracts in the induction of macrophage-derived chemokines responsible for the orchestrated recruitment of PMNs, monocytes, and Th1 and gammadelta T cells, as well as in the regulation of gammadelta function.