gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HLA-matched related hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic-phase CML using a targeted busulfan and cyclophosphamide preparative regimen (2003)

Allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) is a curative therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We have previously reported that the pharmacologic targeting of busulfan combined with cyclophosphamide (TBU/CY) can minimize regimen-related toxicity while preserving antileukemic effects. We report here on 131 consecutive chronic-phase CML patients treated with allogeneic related BMT using a TBU/CY preparative regimen, where the busulfan dose was targeted to achieve a steady-state plasma concentration of at least 900 ng/mL. The median age of the patients was 43 years (range, 14-66 years). Estimates of the probabilities of nonrelapse mortality, relapse, survival, and disease-free survival 3 years after transplantation were 14%, 8%, 86%, and 78%, respectively. Age had no statistically significant effect on survival. Although approximately 60% of the patients developed clinically extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease, the median Karnofsky score at last contact date among survivors was 95%. Of surviving patients, 11% were molecularly positive for the bcr-abl mRNA at last contact, with a median level of bcr-abl transcripts of 4.6 copies/microg RNA. These data suggest that TBU/CY is a very effective preparative regimen for CML in chronic phase, associated with an expected survival at 3 years of approximately 85%, with most patients being in molecular remission.
Ion release from SrO-CaO-TiO2-P2O5 glasses in Tris buffer solution (2009)

SrO-containing calcium phosphate invert glasses, (60-x)CaO·xSrO·30P2O5·7Na2O·3TiO2 (mol%, x = 0-60), which are expected to inhibit bone resorption by osteoclast and enhance bone formation, were prepared and their ion release behaviors in Tris buffer solution were estimated. The glass containing 20 mol% of SrO showed the smallest amount of the dissolved ions in the present work. Laser Raman spectra showed that the peaks of phosphate groups and TiOy polyhedral groups red-shifted with increasing the SrO content in the glasses. The shift was suggested to be due to decrease in bonding strength between cations and phosphate groups or TiOy polyhedral groups in the glasses. In the case of the glasses containing SrO over 20 mol%, no shifts of Raman peaks due to the TiOy polyhedra were observed. The TiOy (y = 4 or 6) polyhedra in the glasses can coordinate with cations up to 18 mol% since they contain 3 mol% of TiO2. Sr2+ ions are supposed from the shift behavior of the Raman peaks to preferentially coordinate with the TiOy polyhedra; the formation of this structure would induce decrease in the ion amounts released from the glasses containing 0-20 mol% of SrO.
Loss of G <sub>1</sub> /S Checkpoint in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Cells Is Associated with a Lack of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/Waf1 (2000)

Productive high-titer infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the activation of target cells. Infection of quiescent peripheral CD4 lymphocytes by HIV-1 results in incomplete, labile reverse transcripts and lack of viral progeny formation. An interplay between Tat and p53 has previously been reported, where Tat inhibited the transcription of the p53 gene, which may aid in the development of AIDS-related malignancies, and p53 expression inhibited HIV-1 long terminal repeat transcription. Here, by using a well-defined and -characterized stress signal, gamma irradiation, we find that upon gamma irradiation, HIV-1-infected cells lose their G(1)/S checkpoints, enter the S phase inappropriately, and eventually apoptose. The loss of the G(1)/S checkpoint is associated with a loss of p21/Waf1 protein and increased activity of a major G(1)/S kinase, namely, cyclin E/cdk2. The p21/Waf1 protein, a known cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, interacts with the cdk2/cyclin E complex and inhibits progression of cells into S phase. We find that loss of the G(1)/S checkpoint in HIV-1-infected cells may in part be due to Tat's ability to bind p53 (a known activator of the p21/Waf1 promoter) and sequester its transactivation activity, as seen in both in vivo and in vitro transcription assays. The loss of p21/Waf1 in HIV-1-infected cells was specific to p21/Waf1 and did not occur with other KIP family members, such as p27 (KIP1) and p57 (KIP2). Finally, the advantage of a loss of the G(1)/S checkpoint for HIV-1 per se may be that it pushes the host cell into the S phase, which may then allow subsequent virus-associated processes, such as RNA splicing, transport, translation, and packaging of virion-specific genes, to occur.
Bio-Inspired Stochastic Computing Using Binary CBRAM Synapses (2013)

In this paper, we present an alternative approach to neuromorphic systems based on multilevel resistive memory synapses and deterministic learning rules. We demonstrate an original methodology to use conductive-bridge RAM (CBRAM) devices as, easy to program and low-power, binary synapses with stochastic learning rules. New circuit architecture, programming strategy, and probabilistic spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) learning rule for two different CBRAM configurations with-selector (1T-1R) and without-selector (1R) are proposed. We show two methods (intrinsic and extrinsic) for implementing probabilistic STDP rules. Fully unsupervised learning with binary synapses is illustrated through two example applications: 1) real-time auditory pattern extraction (inspired from a 64-channel silicon cochlea emulator); and 2) visual pattern extraction (inspired from the processing inside visual cortex). High accuracy (audio pattern sensitivity > 2, video detection rate > 95%) and low synaptic-power dissipation (audio 0.55 μW, video 74.2 μW) are shown. The robustness and impact of synaptic parameter variability on system performance are also analyzed.
Experimental Studies on Myocardial Contractility and Hemodynamics in Extrasystoles (1970)

Extrasystoles with a fully compensated pause were experimentally induced in dogs for analysis of their effects on myocardial contractility and hemodynam-ics. The first postextrasystolic beat showed improved hemodynamic measurements exceeding the respective values of the pre-extrasystolic beat of the basic rhythm, making some compensation for extrasystole-induced depression of hemodynamics, which was progressively enhanced as the coupling time be-came shorter. The coupling time, the site of origin, and even the frequency of the extrasystole did not affect the rate of compensation, which averaged 60%. It was confirmed that hemodynamics in extrasystoles was mainly affected by two independent factors; the blood volume in the ventricle at the onset of ventricular contraction with the resultant STARLING'S effect, and ventricular contractility for individual beats, the latter of which depends upon myocardial contractility and the sequence of ventricular contraction. Postextrasystolic potentiation was regarded as the positive inotropic effect of the premature activation on the myocardium in postextrasystolic beats.
An open trial of moclobemide in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (1997)

Traditional monoamine oxidase inhibitors have shown efficacy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, but their use is limited by some serious drug and food interactions. Moclobemide, which is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A, is relatively free of these limitations and is therefore potentially useful in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Twenty patients who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder were entered into a 12-week open study with moclobemide. Assessments were completed every 4 weeks. Eleven participants no longer met DSM-III-R criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder by week 12. The severity of post-traumatic stress disorder reduced by 2.09 SD (95% confidence interval 1.49-2.69; p < 0.001) and functional impairment improved by 1.08 SD (95% confidence interval 0.46-1.69; p < 0.01). Adverse events were minimal. Controlled, double-blind studies should be considered to confirm these findings.
Solvent Exfoliation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dispersibility of Exfoliated Nanosheets Varies Only Weakly between Compounds (2012)

We have studied the dispersion and exfoliation of four inorganic layered compounds, WS(2), MoS(2), MoSe(2), and MoTe(2), in a range of organic solvents. The aim was to explore the relationship between the chemical structure of the exfoliated nanosheets and their dispersibility. Sonication of the layered compounds in solvents generally gave few-layer nanosheets with lateral dimensions of a few hundred nanometers. However, the dispersed concentration varied greatly from solvent to solvent. For all four materials, the concentration peaked for solvents with surface energy close to 70 mJ/m(2), implying that all four have surface energy close to this value. Inverse gas chromatography measurements showed MoS(2) and MoSe(2) to have surface energies of ∼75 mJ/m(2), in good agreement with dispersibility measurements. However, this method suggested MoTe(2) to have a considerably larger surface energy (∼120 mJ/m(2)). While surface-energy-based solubility parameters are perhaps more intuitive for two-dimensional materials, Hansen solubility parameters are probably more useful. Our analysis shows the dispersed concentration of all four layered materials to show well-defined peaks when plotted as a function of Hansen's dispersive, polar, and H-bonding solubility parameters. This suggests that we can associate Hansen solubility parameters of δ(D) ∼ 18 MPa(1/2), δ(P) ∼ 8.5 MPa(1/2), and δ(H) ∼ 7 MPa(1/2) with all four types of layered material. Knowledge of these properties allows the estimation of the Flory-Huggins parameter, χ, for each combination of nanosheet and solvent. We found that the dispersed concentration of each material falls exponentially with χ as predicted by solution thermodynamics. This work shows that solution thermodynamics and specifically solubility parameter analysis can be used as a framework to understand the dispersion of two-dimensional materials. Finally, we note that in good solvents, such as cyclohexylpyrrolidone, the dispersions are temporally stable with >90% of material remaining dispersed after 100 h.
Multimodal Biometric Person Authentication : A Review (2012)

AbstractThis paper provides a review of multimodal biometric person authentication systems. The paper begins with an introduction to biometrics, its advantages, disadvantages, and authentication system using them. A brief discussion on the selection criteria of different biometrics is also given. This is followed by a discussion on the classification of biometric systems, their strengths, and limitations. Detailed descriptions on the multimodal biometric person authentication system, different modes of operation, and integration scenarios are also provided. Considering the importance of information fusion in multi-biometric approach, a separate section is dedicated on the different levels of fusion, which include sensor-level, feature-level, score-level, rank-level, and abstract-level fusions, and also different rules of fusion. This paper also presents an overview of some performance parameters and error rates for biometric person authentication systems. A separate section is devoted to the recent trends...
Slack Matching Asynchronous Designs (2006)

Slack matching is the problem of adding pipeline buffers to an asynchronous pipelined design in order to prevent stalls and improve performance. This paper addresses the problem of minimizing the cost of additional pipeline buffers needed to achieve a given performance target. An intuitive analysis is given that is then formalized using marked graph theory. This leads to a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) solution of the problem. Theory is then presented that identifies under what circumstances the MILP solution admits a polynomial time solution. For other circumstances, a polynomial-time approximate algorithm using linear programming is proposed. Experimental results on a large set of benchmark circuits demonstrate the computational feasibility and effectiveness of both approaches
Gaze patterns in laparoscopic surgery. (1999)

By understanding surgeons' patterns of gaze, and what visual information is being obtained during a procedure, one can improve the operation via new techniques or instrumentation. Part of a larger project on Remote Manipulation in Endoscopic Surgery, we analyzed eye patterns of surgeons from videotape annotation. Three categories of eye patterns were defined: 1) eyes on (gaze on monitor); 2) eyes down (gaze on external operative space); 3) eyes off (gaze away from monitor/hands). In the context of hierarchical decomposition of procedures we compared eye patterns and sequential dependencies (gaze as a function of previous gaze) by procedure, surgical steps and tasks. Timelines showed transitions in eye patterns during the procedure. We determined what visual information is available and what visual information is needed by the surgeons. By comparing these, we suggest technology that can provide these needs.
The use of ICF in the neurorehabilitation process (2015)

An ICF based rehabilitation plan that comprises a common language, understood by team members, patients and their family, is a valuable tool in the rehabilitation of persons with injuries and diseases to the nervous system. The use of the ICF has thereby enabled the development of a common framework for our neurorehabilitation methodology, regardless of diagnosis or disability.
Organization of microscale objects using a microfabricated optical fiber (2008)

We demonstrate the use of a single fiber-optic axicon device for organization of microscopic objects using longitudinal optical binding. Further, by manipulating the shape of the fiber tip, part of the emanating light was made to undergo total internal reflection in the conical tip region, enabling near-field trapping. Near-field trapping resulted in trapping and self-organization of long chains of particles along azimuthal directions (in contrast to the axial direction, observed in the case of large tip cone angle far-field trapping).
Microfluidic capacitive sensors with ionic liquid electrodes and CNT/PDMS nanocomposites for simultaneous sensing of pressure and temperature (2017)

A multimodal microfluidic capacitive sensor for detecting lateral pressure movements and temperature variations is presented.
Proliferation of Bifidobacteria by Oligosaccharides and Their Useful Effect on Human Health (1991)

Studies of oligosaccharides have recently become common, especially in Japan. This has been because of findings of marked biofunctions and usefulness of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) for human health due to their effect of improving the intestinal microflora. In this paper, we demonstrate several useful characteristics of FOS such as cholesterol reduction, suppression of putrefaction, normalization of microbial disorders of the colon and alleviation of constipation in clinical studies. It seems that the usefulness of FOS is related to the proliferation of bifidobacteria and other saccharolytic intestinal bacteria and also short chain fatty acids produced by these organisms.
Dynamic-priority arbiter and multiplexer soft macros for on-chip networks switches (2012)

On-chip interconnection networks simplify the integration of complex system-on-chips. The switches are the basic building blocks of such networks and their design critically affects the performance of the whole system. The transfer of data between the inputs and the outputs of the switch is performed by the crossbar, whose active connections are decided by the arbiter. In this paper, we design scalable dynamic-priority arbiters that are merged with the crossbar's multiplexers. The proposed RTL macros can adjust to various priority selection policies, while still following the same unified architecture. With this approach, sophisticated arbitration policies that yield significant network-throughput benefits can be implemented with negligible delay cost relative to the standard round-robin policy.
Using the Averaged Hausdorff Distance as a Performance Measure in Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization (2012)

The Hausdorff distance d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> is a widely used tool to measure the distance between different objects in several research fields. Possible reasons for this might be that it is a natural extension of the well-known and intuitive distance between points and/or the fact that d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> defines in certain cases a metric in the mathematical sense. In evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) the task is typically to compute the entire solution set-the so-called Pareto set-respectively its image, the Pareto front. Hence, d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> should, at least at first sight, be a natural choice to measure the performance of the outcome set in particular since it is related to the terms spread and convergence as used in EMO literature. However, so far, d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> does not find the general approval in the EMO community. The main reason for this is that d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> penalizes single outliers of the candidate set which does not comply with the use of stochastic search algorithms such as evolutionary strategies. In this paper, we define a new performance indicator, Δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> , which can be viewed as an “averaged Hausdorff distance” between the outcome set and the Pareto front and which is composed of (slight modifications of) the well-known indicators generational distance (GD) and inverted generational distance (IGD). We will discuss theoretical properties of Δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> (as well as for GD and IGD) such as the metric properties and the compliance with state-of-theart multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), and will further on demonstrate by empirical results the potential of Δ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> as a new performance indicator for the evaluation of MOEAs.
The immune response against anti‐idiotope antibodies. I. Induction of idiotope‐bearing antibodies and analysis of the idiotope repertoire (1982)

In the present analysis we dissect the idiotype repertoire, independently of hapten-binding specificity, by immunizing different strains of mice with cross-linked monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies against antibody B1-8. B1-8 is a monoclonal antibody with specificity for the hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)acetyl (NP) and carries a germ line gene-encoded variable region. The results demonstrate that the expression of B1-8 idiotopes and their association with each other and with NP-binding specificity are strain-specific. Certain idiotopes are expressed on antibodies differing in antigen-binding specificity, whereas one of the idiotopes appears strictly associated with NP-binding antibodies. The genetic analysis provides strong evidence that the strain specificity of the idiotope repertoire is a result of V region polymorphism in the mouse.
Double-Stranded RNA Analog Poly(I:C) Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Amplification in Dendritic Cells via Type I Interferon-Mediated Activation of APOBEC3G (2008)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is taken up by and replicates in immature dendritic cells (imDCs), which can then transfer virus to T cells, amplifying the infection. Strategies known to boost DC function were tested for their ability to overcome this exploitation when added after HIV exposure. Poly(I:C), but not single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or a standard DC maturation cocktail, elicited type I interferon (IFN) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) p70 production and the appearance of unique small (15- to 20-kDa) fragments of APOBEC3G (A3G) and impeded HIV(Bal) replication in imDCs when added up to 60 h after virus exposure. Comparable effects were mediated by recombinant alpha/beta IFN (IFN-alpha/beta). Neutralizing the anti-IFN-alpha/beta receptor reversed poly(I:C)-induced inhibition of HIV replication and blocked the appearance of the small A3G proteins. The poly(I:C)-induced appearance of small A3G proteins was not accompanied by significant differences in A3G mRNA or A3G monomer expression. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of A3G could not be used to reverse the poly(I:C)-induced protective effect, since siRNAs nonspecifically activated the DCs, inducing the appearance of the small A3G proteins and inhibiting HIV infection. Notably, the appearance of small A3G proteins coincided with the shift of high-molecular-mass inactive A3G complexes to the low-molecular-mass (LMM) active A3G complexes. The unique immune stimulation by poly(I:C) with its antiviral effects on imDCs marked by the expression of IFN-alpha/beta and active LMM A3G renders poly(I:C) a promising novel strategy to combat early HIV infection in vivo.
Lipase-catalyzed Synthesis of Arbutin Cinnamate in an Organic Solvent and Application of Transesterification to Stabilize Plant Pigments (1997)

Arbutin cinnamate was synthesized from arbutin (4-hydroxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside) and vinyl cinnamate by regioselective transesterification with a bacterial lipase in acetonitrile. The product was identified by NMR and FAB-MS analyses. These spectra showed that one ester bond was formed between the primary alcohol moiety of the D-glucose of arbutin and the carboxyl residue of cinnamic acid. Furthermore, plant pigments such as isoquercitrin (quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) and callistephin (pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) were also converted to their corresponding cinnamate esters in the same manner.
PARALLEL SUBSPACE PROJECTION BEAMFORMING FOR AUTONOMOUS, PASSIVE SONAR SIGNAL PROCESSING (2003)

Adaptive techniques can be applied to improve performance of a beamformer in a cluttered environment. The sequential implementation of an adaptive beamformer, for many sensors and over a wide band of frequencies, presents a serious computational challenge. By coupling each transducer node with a microprocessor, in-situ parallel processing applied to an adaptive beamformer on a distributed system can glean advantages in execution speed, fault tolerance, scalability, and cost. In this paper, parallel algorithms for Subspace Projection Beamforming (SPB), using QR decomposition on distributed systems, are introduced for in-situ signal processing. Performance results from parallel and sequential algorithms are presented using a distributed system testbed comprised of a cluster of computers connected by a network. The execution times, parallel efficiencies, and memory requirements of each parallel algorithm are presented and analyzed. The results of these analyses demonstrate that parallel in-situ processing holds the potential to meet the needs of future advanced beamforming algorithms in a scalable fashion.
When We Generalize or Compare, Can We Always Rely on the "Absence of Evidence"?: A Sociologist Looks at Historical Methodology (1991)

Jonathan F. Lewis, When We Generalize or Compare, Can We Always Rely on the "Absence of Evidence"?: A Sociologist Looks at Historical Methodology, The History Teacher, Vol. 24, No. 4 (Aug., 1991), pp. 455-469