gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction and characterisation of "Escherichia coli" heat-labile toxin B-subunit fusion proteins (1991)

A plasmid vector was constructed which allowed for the in-frame insertion of peptide-encoding sequences at the 3’ terminal of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) heat-labile enterotoxin B-subunit (LT-B) structural gene. Several synthetic oligonucleotides, encoding various B and T cell epitopes from other proteins, were ligated into this vector. The sequence across the junctions of these novel plasmid constructs was determined and found to be as predicted. The chimeric fusion proteins expressed by these constructs were characterised in vitro by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and GM1-linked ELISA. All the fusion proteins were shown to behave like native LT-B in that they were transported to the periplasmic space when expressed in E. coli. In addition they formed pentamers which dissociated into their constituent monomers upon boiling. Furthermore, the pentameric forms were found to retain G,,,-binding properties as determined by G,,,-linked ELISA. \n\nSome of these plasmids, expressing LT-B fusion proteins containing T cell epitopes, were transferred into an aromatic-dependent attenuated strain of Salmonella typhlmurium SL1344, and these strains were used to inoculate mice. A weak serum antibody response to one of these epitopes was demonstrated. However, a consistent in vitro T cell response to these epitopes could not be detected. \n\nAnother of the fusion proteins, termed LT-B69, was partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography and used to inoculate mice intranasally. Mice immunised in this way developed serum antibodies against LT-B and P.69 (an important Bordetella pertussis antigen). Additionally, LT-B-specific and P.69-specific antibody secreting cells could be detected in their lungs. There was some evidence to suggest that these mice were slightly protected against colonisation by B. pertussis after an aerosol challenge with live organisms, compared to the levels of colonisation in a control group. \n
Single-Anchor Indoor Localization Using ESPAR Antenna (2015)

In this letter, a new single-anchor indoor localization concept employing electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna has been proposed. The new concept uses a simple fingerprinting algorithm adopted to work with directional main beam and narrow minimum radiation patterns of ESPAR antenna that scans 360 ° area around the base station, while the signal strength received from a mobile terminal is being recorded for each configuration. The letter describes the antenna design and necessary fingerprinting algorithm expansion and shows measurements of the proof-of-concept prototype performed within the experimental setup. Localization results obtained from indoor measurements indicate that the proposed concept can provide better results than the similar approach based on a switched-beam antenna introduced by Giorgetti (IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 58-60, Jan. 2009).
Interaction of pH and NaCl on culture density of Clostridium botulinum 62A (1983)

Clostridium botulinum 62A growth rates declined with decreasing pH and increasing salt levels. Lysis rates, however, were affected only by pH. Due to competition between growth and lysis rates, an accurate assessment of interactive effects was obtained only when optical density determinations were made at multiple intervals.
High field dielectric loss of PVF2 and the electromechanical conversion efficiency ofa PVF2 fan (1978)

The input admittance of a PVF2 multilayer bimorph fan was measured using relatively high electric fields, e.g., 200 kV/cm. The tanΔ expression for the loss term showed background dielectric loss with a peak at the mechanical vibrational resonance frequency of ∼5 Hz. The peak disappeared when fan vibration was blocked. From the height of the peak and the background loss, the electromechanical conversion efficiency was determined. This is 25-50% depending upon the applied voltage. The motional admittance of a PVF2 multilayer bimorph fan was calculated and expressed as a function of the vibrational amplitude. The observed peak was explained by the conductive term in the motional admittance.
A usurpação temerária do poder presidencial e a cunhagem de uma política reacionária na frágil democracia brasileira (2016)

O artigo analisa a conjuntura golpista perpetrada por grupos reacionários do establishment político brasileiro que, em sua sanha antidemocrática, não poupou esforços para desestabilizar o legítimo governo da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff, afastando-a do poder graças a manobras escusas pretensamente chanceladas como um impeachment legal.
Population dynamics of<i>Aeromonas</i>spp. in an urban river watershed (1998)

Density of Aeromonas spp. at one site in the Buffalo River and at four sites on its upstream tributaries was followed from June 1992-June 1993. Membrane filtration counts of Aeromonas during the summer ranged between 18 and 4000 ml-1, which were one to two logs higher than faecal coliform and faecal streptococci densities. Aeromonas spp. in the Buffalo River, and faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, and the heterotrophic plate count throughout the watershed, increased by approximately one log during summer rainstorms. However, Aeromonas spp. increased only by a factor of two during rainstorms at the upstream sites. Aeromonas spp. showed a strong positive correlation with both indicator bacteria and total suspended solids at the upstream sites during the summer but not the winter. Correlations between Aeromonas and indicator bacteria remained strong in the Buffalo River during the winter, signifying that different conditions exist in the Buffalo River and its upstream tributaries. The strong correlation between Aeromonas spp. and indicator bacteria in the Buffalo River suggest that, in the absence of media capable of the quantitative recovery of potentially pathogenic aeromonads, standard faecal coliform analyses may adequately assess public health risks from Aeromonas spp. in an urban river used for recreational purposes.
Stimulation of root growth in cuttings by treatment with chemical compounds (1918)

with herbaceous cuitings......
Assessing the Observed Relationship between Low Cholesterol and Violence‐related Mortality (1997)

Health advocacy groups advise all Americans to restrict their dietary intake of saturated fat and cholesterol as an efficacious and safe way to lower plasma cholesterol concentrations and thus reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and other atherosclerotic disorders. However, accumulating evidence suggests that naturally low or clinically reduced cholesterol is associated with increased nonillness mortality (principally suicide and accidents). Other evidence suggests that such increases in suicide and traumatic death may be mediated by the adverse changes in behavior and mood that sometimes accompany low or reduced cholesterol. These observations provided the rationale for an ongoing series of studies in monkeys designed to explore the hypothesis that alterations in dietary or plasma cholesterol influence behavior and that such effects are potentiated by lipid-induced changes in brain chemistry. In fact, the investigations in monkeys reveal that reductions in plasma cholesterol increase the tendency to engage in impulsive or violent behavior through a mechanism involving central serotonergic activity. It is speculated that the cholesterol-serotonin-behavior association represents a mechanism evolved to increase hunting or competitive foraging behavior in the face of nutritional threats signaled by a decline in total serum cholesterol (TC). The epidemiological and experimental data could be interpreted as having two implications for public health: (1) low-cholesterol may be a marker for risk of suicide or traumatic death and (2) cholesterol lowering may have adverse effects for some individuals under some circumstances.
Polypeptide Chains from Human Red Blood Cell Membranes (1971)

Human red blood cell membranes contain at least 17 polypeptides of differing molecular weight ranging from 27,000 to 220,000. Previous publications have reported higher values for the largest molecular weight species, but are in error owing to incorrect calibration of sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gels with unreduced proteins. The two highest molecular weight species which constitute approximately 40% of the total membrane protein have molecular weights of 200,000 and 220,000. It is shown that these polypeptides are not aggregates of a lower molecular weight species, and analysis of the entire membrane by gel filtration in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride reveals no significant amount of protein with molecular weight less than that of hemoglobin. Solubilization of a fraction of the membrane protein in EDTA according to the method of Marchesi et al. (Marchesi, S. L., Steers, E., Marchesi, V. T., and Tillack, T. W., Biochemistry, 9, 50 (1970)) produced a heterogeneous mixture of polypeptide chains. Prolonged exposure to this solvent leads to dissolution of over 90% of the membrane protein.
Lactobacilli: vehicles for antigen delivery to the female urogenital tract. (1995)

This monstrous, 1,660-page compilation of poster/oral presentations of the 7th Congress of Mucosal Immunology is loosely organized into functional components of respiratory, gut, and related cellular and solid organ components of the mucosal host/environment interface. It represents an attempt to capture the entire universe of mucosal immunology known in mid-1993, and herein lies the fatal flaw so common when attempting to publish congress proceedings (especially international) in timely fashion. Many a gamma/delta cell and mucosal related cytokine has visited the gut since that time! This potpourri contains papers that are almost all extremely brief and range from presentation of technical details and advances to several elegant overview and novel observations. Apparently, none of the papers have been subjected to rigorous peer review other than presentation in a meeting format. The audience for this book would include any microbiologist/immunologist interested in mucosal immunology. This two-volume book suffers from several extreme technical deficiencies, one being the lack of a table of contents in the second volume and another being an almost nonfunctional index. The greater than three-year delay to print makes the latter defect even more vexing. The virtue of this book lies in its containing the nida and seeds of important immunologic observations that portend the unfolding renaissance of mucosal immunology, especially in the areas of tolerance induction and vaccine routes. Thus, it does deserve a place in immunobiology libraries as a source book and a provider of historical perspective. [Book Synopsis]
On the feedback regulation of humoral immune response. I. Evidence for 'B suppressor cells'. (1979)

Evidence has been presented that complete and antigen-specific immune inhibition can be obtained by 'B suppressor cells'. Transfer of spleen cells from twice-immunized (SRBC) donors to untreated syngeneic recipients resulted in antigen-specific inhibition of the hosts' immune response. The cell responsible for this phenomenon could be shown to be the 7S-producing B cell; participation of T cells and macrophages could be excluded. After a second immunization of the donors, these B cells remained inhibitory for more than 20 weeks in the donors as well as in the recipients after transfer. Passively administered specific IgG antibody caused a similar inhibition of the hosts' immune response, which, however, lasted for less than 9 weeks only. The extent of inhibition caused by transfer of hyperimmune cells was parallel to the number of transferred 7S producing cells. Since it could be demonstrated that memory cells were present at times when the transferred cell material had lost its inhibitory potency, we concluded that inhibition is not caused by the mere presence of these cells. Since the transferred cells regained their inhibitory capacity after non-specific activation with LPS, we concluded that a product of such activated cells--most likely the specific 7S antibody--was responsible for the observed inhibition. Thus, it is demonstrated that B cells may serve as 'suppressor cells' in appropriate transfer experiments. It is, however, concluded that this effect is basically mediated by produced IgG and may in its mechanism be identical to the phenomenon of antibody-mediated regulation of humoral immune response.
Results of the holonic control system benchmark at KU Leuven (2002)

This paper surveys the results of a benchmark performed in the framework of IMS test case No. 5, entitled: 'Holonic Manufacturing Systems: System Components of Autonomous Modules and their Distributed Control.' This test case is a one-year project that puts forward a new paradigm for manufacturing-the holonic manufacturing system. The benchmark compares the performance of a prototype holonic control system with both a hierarchical and a heterarchical counterpart.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Green tea and theanine: health benefits (2011)

Historically, the medicinal use of green tea dates back to China 4700 years ago and drinking tea continues to be regarded traditionally in Asia as a general healthful practice. Numerous scientific publications now attest to the health benefits of both black and green teas, including clinical and epidemiological studies. Although all tea contains beneficial antioxidants, high-quality green and white teas have them in greater concentrations than black tea. Today, scientists believe that the main active ingredients of green tea include the polyphenols, in particular the catechins and the amino acid, theanine. Studies on the health benefits of drinking tea, particularly green tea, are finding exciting results, particularly in cancer research. Modern studies in both Asia and the West have provided encouraging results indicating that drinking green tea contributes to fighting many different kinds of cancers including stomach, oesophageal, ovarian and colon. Recent studies describing the health benefits of these compounds will be reviewed.
Equity in health (2000)

Equity in health has to be distinguished from equity in access to health care, or equity in the distribution of health care resources. We take as a working definition of health for our purposes the number of quality adjusted life years that a person may expect to enjoy over his or her lifetime. Although we mostly follow the economists' custom of regarding equity as synonymous with reducing inequalities in health, we also consider the much richer variety of concepts employed by philosophers when discussing distributive justice. Here however we have distinguished notions of justice which are essentially procedural from those which are substantive, concentrating mainly on the latter. What we have sought to do is to identify the implications of various philosophical theories of justice for the way in which a welfare economist might appraise a particular distribution of health within a community. To do this we distinguish theories which place constraints on admissible outcomes (the health opportunity set), from theories which require the social welfare function (or maximand) to have particular properties. This classification is summarised in the Table 1, which is the key exhibit around which the analysis and exposition is organised.
Period Domains and Mumford-Tate Domains (2012)

This chapter provides an introduction to the basic definitions of period domains and their compact duals as well as the canonical exterior differential system on them. The period domain <italic>D</italic> is comprised of a set of polarized Hodge structures. The natural symmetry group acting on <italic>D</italic> is the group <italic>G</italic>(ℝ) of real points of the ℚ-algebraic group <italic>G</italic> = Aut(<italic>V</italic>,<italic>Q</italic>). Elementary linear algebra shows that <italic>G</italic>(ℝ) operates transitively on <italic>D</italic>. The chapter also discusses Mumford-Tate domains and their compact duals as well as the Noether-Lefschetz locus in period domains. The basic properties of Mumford-Tate domains are established in several places.
Upgrading Residues to Maximize Distillate Yields with UOP Uniflex<sup>TM</sup> Process (2010)

Never before have refiners faced the challenges caused by dramatic changes in crude prices and refinery margins. However some worldwide trends have not changed, such as the need to shift refinery product distributions to a more diesel-oriented slate and to reduce residue fuel oil production. The required shift from gasoline to distillate fuels cannot be accomplished solely by modifications to current hydrocracking or FCC operations. New technologies will be required that achieve higher non-distillable conversion and increased selectivity to distillate-range products. Ideally, these technologies should be both cost-effective and commercially proven. UOP has responded to the needs for increased distillate yield and non-distillable conversion with the introduction of its latest residue upgrading technology offering, the UOP Uniflex Process. This high-conversion slurry hydrocracking technology contains elements of a commercially-proven slurry reaction system and the UOP UnicrackingTM and UnionfiningTM technologies. The Uniflex Process can achieve non-distillable conversion levels in excess of 90 wt% with distillate yield over 50 vol%. This paper discusses the features of the Uniflex Process technology, its yield and economic advantages over conventional residue upgrading technologies, and other applications of the technology.
Novel Nonionic Oligosaccharide Surfactant Polymers Derived from Poly(vinylamine) with Pendant Dextran and Hexanoyl Groups (1998)

A series of novel surfactant polymers: poly(N-vinyldextran aldonamide-co-N-vinylhexanamide) (PNVDA-co-PNVH), in which hydrophilic dextran oligosaccharides and hydrophobic hexanoyl groups were incorporated simultaneously on to poly(vinylamine) (PVAm), were synthesized, and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Structurally well-defined poly(vinylamine) was prepared by hydrolysis of poly(N-vinylformamide), which was obtained by free radical polymerization of N-vinylformamide. Dextran molecules (Mw = 1600) were attached to poly(vinylamine) by reacting amine groups with dextran lactone, while hexanoyl groups were attached by reacting amine groups with N-(hexanoyloxy)succinimide. By adjustment of the feed ratio, surfactant polymers with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances were prepared. Surface activity of the surfactants at an air/water interface was demonstrated by significant reductions in water surface tension. Surface activity at a solid surface/water interface was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy of surfactant molecules adsorbed onto a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The synthetic approach described in this report provides a route to prepare a variety of oligosaccharide surfactant polymers with well-defined structures and hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances, by selecting different combinations of oligosaccharide and alkanoyl groups or by adjusting feed ratio of the oligosaccharide to alkanoyl groups.
CD34 antigen expression of acute myeloid leukemia-colony forming cells (1992)

Hematopoietic The International Journal of Cell Cloning express the CD34 antigen on their surface. Their proportion in a harvest can provide a quick and reliable measure of the hemopoietic efficiency of the harvest. In ANLL a variable proportion of blast cells express the same antigen: the aim of our study was to investigate whether clonogenic ANLL blast cells are CD34+. Seven peripheral blood samples of patients with ANLL were studied. From these, CD34+ cells were isolated using My10 antibody, immunomagnetic beads and chymopapain. About 60% of CD34+ cells were recovered in the positive fraction, while the negative fraction contained less than 1% CD34+ cells. Cloning these fractions resulted in an almost complete absence of CFU in the negative fraction. This study shows that leukemia-colony forming cells are, as normal CFU, CD34+ and that they represent only a small fraction (less than 1%) of the CD34+ leukemic population.
A Recommender System for Youtube Based on its Network of Reviewers (2010)

Social network studies are becoming increasingly popular and have been applied to several fields of study such as law enforcement, marketing, spread of disease, as well as in the improvement of organizational performance. One area that is yet to be explored relates to harnessing the power of social networks as recommender systems. The idea that users may provide other users with recommendations that are more relevant than naive approaches is long known. However, the approaches currently implemented are based on the creation of simple relationships such as co-purchase of similar items. Similarly, video websites would like to suggest related videos to users to maximize the time they spend on their sites. Ergo it is crucial that sites like YouTube provide users with recommendations that are relevant to them. Moreover, given the large amount of videos on YouTube, a good recommender system may alleviate users' efforts on finding videos that interest them the most. Existing recommender systems for YouTube are typically based on finding similarities between the videos' textual features (video title or tags annotations) and matching these features to tags in the user's profiles or the videos they are currently watching. This approach is very limited because it restricts the users interests to the current theme of the video being played or the preferences in their profiles. This means that if one is watching a movie about football, it is assumed that the user would like recommendations on other videos about football. In this paper, we attempt to extract information about video relationship using a network formed from reviews left as comments in YouTube videos. We create a network of videos called YouTube Recommender Network (YRN) and use complex network analysis on this network as the basis of a recommender system. Our results show that our list of recommended videos is more diverse than the ones based on textual information. Our YRN provides diversity and captures other important characteristics such as high rating and most-viewed count.
Posterior approach of microendoscopic discectomy combined with low temperature radiofrequency for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (2018)

Objective
To evaluate the short-term effect of posterior approach of microendoscopic discectomy(MED) combined with low temperature radiofrequency on lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. 


Methods
Sixty-two patients with single segment lumbar disc herniation which were treated in Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from March 2015 to March 2016 were randomly divided into two groups, with 31 cases in each group. Patients in group A were given routine MED operation; patients in group B underwent MED firstly, and then underwent low temperature radiofrequency and heat condensation to ablate residual nucleus pulposus tissue in intervertebral disc and form opening of the fiber ring. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and modified MacNab standard were used to compare efficacy of the two groups before operation, 1 week and 12 months after operation. 


Results
No serious complications such as nerve injury occurred in any patients. Compared with those indexes before operation, VAS scores in the two groups significantly decreased after operation (P 0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the excellence rate between the two groups according to the modified MacNab standard (P>0.05). 


Conclusions
The short-term effects are significantly improved by posterior approach of endoscope combined with low temperature radiofrequency compared with MED operation only for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.


Key words: 
Micro endoscopy; Lumbar discectomy; Radiofrequency ablation