gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initiating Mechanisms of Experimentally Induced Tension-Type Headache (1996)

To elucidate possible myofascial mechanisms of tension-type headache, the effect of 30 min of sustained tooth clenching (10% of maximal EMG-signal) was studied in 58 patients with tension-type headache and in 30 age- and sex-matched controls. Pericranial tenderness, mechanical and thermal pain detection and tolerance thresholds and FMG levels were recorded before and after the clenching procedure. Within 24 h, 69% of patients and 17% of controls developed a tension-type headache. Shortly after clenching, tenderness was increased in the group who subsequently developed headache, whereas tenderness was stable in the group of patients who remained headache free. Mechanical pain thresholds evaluated by pressure algometry remained unchanged in the group which developed headache, whereas thresholds increased in the group which did not develop headache Thermal pain detection and tolerance thresholds remained unchanged in both groups. These findings indicate that, though there may be several different mechanisms of tension-type headache, one of them is sustained muscle contraction. A peripheral mechanism of tension-type headache is therefore possible, whereas a secondary segmental central sensitization seems to be involved in subjects with frequent, tension-type headache. Finally, the increase in pressure pain thresholds in patients who did not develop headache suggested that clenching activated their antinociceptive system, whereas those developing headache were, unable to do so.
A review of fetal organ measurements obtained with ultrasound: Normal growth (1992)

This review article presents fetal organ measurements obtained with ultrasound. Data derived from measurements of the brain, heart, lung, thymus, liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, gallbladder, kidney, adrenal glands, intestine, and bladder are summarized, compared and evaluated critically. The selection of optimal parameters, development of valid measurement procedures, and use of mathematical modeling and descriptive statistics are necessary for quantitative studies by ultrasound of fetal organ growth.
Expression of Murine IL-12 Is Regulated by Translational Control of the p35 Subunit (1999)

IL-12 is a heterodimer of two subunits, p35 and p40, encoded by separate genes that are regulated independently. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the p35 gene, we characterized murine p35 expression in the B cell lymphoma line A20 and in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Multiple transcription start sites were identified in both cell types, resulting in four p35 mRNA isoforms (types I-IV) that differ in the number and position of upstream ATGs in their 5' untranslated regions. In nonstimulated cells, the predominant forms of p35 message (types II and IV) contained an additional upstream ATG, whose presence was shown to inhibit the downstream translation of the p35 subunit. After LPS stimulation, however, transcription initiated from alternate positions, so that the proportion of transcripts not containing this upstream ATG (types I and III) was significantly increased in the population of p35 mRNA. These type I and type III transcripts readily supported translation of the p35 subunit and its incorporation into bioactive IL-12. Furthermore, p35 mRNA levels were substantially up-regulated after LPS stimulation in both cell types. Thus, our results show that p35 gene expression is highly regulated by both transcriptional and translational mechanisms.
Towards real-time performance monitoring for encrypted traffic (2007)

IP networks are increasingly carrying mission-critical applications with robust end-to-end network performance and reliability requirements. Network performance monitoring forms an essential component of critical IP network management functions such as troubleshooting, anomaly detection, and Service-Level-Agreement (SLA) compliance monitoring. However, privacy and security considerations are fueling the use of IP-level encryption techniques such as IPsec, which obscure important transport layer features that existing performance measurement techniques need. New techniques are therefore needed for monitoring performance of encrypted traffic. Towards this goal, in this paper we present a new technique for monitoring round-trip times (RTT) for IP-level encrypted communications. Our approach involves using network-level features like packet size and inter-packet timing to infer specific timing events, and aggregating measurements across short time intervals and related connections to derive final RTT estimates for network paths of interest. Extensive evaluations using traces from an énterprise and a broadband access network, demonstrate that the resulting RTT estimates are quite accurate.
High-power wavelength-combined cladding-pumped Tm-doped silica fibre lasers (2001)

Summary form only given. Cladding pumping of fibre lasers is generating much interest as a route to high output power with the attraction of a geometry allowing simple thermal management. The waveguiding properties of the core can be easily tailored to ensure a single-spatial-mode output free from the problem of thermal lensing which has hindered brightness-scaling in conventional 'bulk' solid-state laser sources.Here we present preliminary results for a wavelength-combined Tm-doped silica fibre system with 11 W output power in the 2 /spl mu/m spectral region. Tm-doped silica fibre lasers offer excellent potential for power-scaling via this route owing to a very broad linewidth (>300 nm) and relatively high lasing efficiencies.
La diabetes mellitus y su vinculación en la etiología y patogenia de la enfermedad periodontal. (2017)

Se revisa enfermedad endocrina metabólica como factor de riesgo de la enfermedad periodontal, así como los efectos y secuelas de las periodontitis en estos pacientes. Se profundiza en el conocimiento acerca de los cambios histopatológicos, susceptibilidad a las infecciones, criterios más actualizados hasta el momento en relación con el manejo clínico periodontal de los pacientes afectados por diabetes y la estrecha relación existente entre ambas patologías. Se pretende con esta búsqueda bibliográfica ampliar los conocimientos, y sean bien recibidos por alumnos y profesores como material de apoyo para la docencia.
Model Experiments of Hydrodynamic Forces on Heave Plates (2005)

For truss SPAR platforms, damping plates are employed to increase the added mass and viscous drag in the heave direction. The paper aims to investigate experimentally the hydrodynamic forces on heave plates with different opening sizes. Model scale experiments were carried out on three 40 by 40cm flat plates to investigate the effects of oscillation amplitude and opening size on the hydrodynamic forces acting on the plates whilst undergoing forced heave motion. Three different methods of data processing were investigated, namely, directly processing unfiltered data to obtain the hydrodynamic coefficients, filtering the data before evaluating the coefficients and fitting the filtered data to a sine curve before evaluating the coefficients. The most accurate method was then selected and used to evaluate the experiment results. The coefficient values obtained were compared with the published data available. The effects of various variables such as opening size, KC number, frequency of oscillation on the hydrodynamic coefficients were also studied. Relative magnitudes of the drag and inertia components of the overall hydrodynamic load are compared.
Robust Body-Height Estimation for Applications in Automotive Industry (2012)

An automatic adjustment of the seat position according to the driver height significantly increases the level of comfort when entering a car. A camera attached to a vehicle can estimate the body heights of approaching drivers. However, absolute height estimation based on a single camera leads to several problems. Cost-sensitive cameras used in automotive industry provide low-resolution grayscale images, which make driver extraction in real-life parking scenarios difficult. Absolute height estimation also prerequisites a known camera position relative to a road surface, but this position is not available for any parking scenarios. Toward this, we first propose a background-based driver-extraction method that can operate on low-resolution grayscale images, and that is robust against shadows and illumination changes. Second, we derive a scheme for estimating the camera position relative to an unknown road surface using head and foot points of extracted persons. Our experimental results obtained from real-life video sequences show that the proposed schemes are highly suitable for robust driver extraction and height estimation in automotive industry.
Protective Effects of Met-enkephalin on Alcohol Induced Gastric Lesions (2000)

The model of ethanol induced gastric lesions is useful in the evaluation of gastric cytoprotection. We used it to measure cytoprotective effects of two neuropeptides, Met-enkephalin (Peptid-M, LUPEX(R)) and alpha -melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha -MSH). Both peptides exhibited significant and synergistic cytoprotective effects. The best therapeutic efficacy was obtained with Met-enkephalin and alpha -MSH mixture 3-5:1. Significant cytoprotective action on ethanol induced lesions was also observed by means of two thymus peptide immunomodulators, Thymus Peptide C(R) and JAN 50(R). Thymus Peptide C(R) exhibited a more significant synergistic effect with Met-enkephalin than JAN 50(R). In addition to the cytoprotection of rat gastric mucosa, Met-enkephalin also induced statistically significant and dose dependent Straub tail response versus control in mice. Haloperidol, naloxone and Peptide-D antagonised its effects. NMR spectrospic data supported molecular interaction of Metenkephalin and haloperidol, while neutralization of Met-enkephalin induced Straub tail response by means of Peptide-D indicated the presence of new non-opioid (naloxone independent) receptor system containing Peptide-D sequence (calpastatin 201-205 aa).
The feasible solution in signal restoration (1984)

The feasible solution to the signal restoration problem is defined as the one which satisfies all constraints which can be imposed on the true solution. A very important set of constraints can be obtained by examining the statistics of the noise. These and other constraints can be described as closed convex sets. Thus, projection onto closed convex sets is the numerical method used to obtain a feasible solution. Examples of this method demonstrate its usefulness in one-and two-dimensional signal restoration. The limitations of the method are discussed.
A programming system for process coordination in virtual organisations (2008)

Distributed business applications are increasingly being constructed by composing them from services provided by various online businesses. Typically, this leads to trading partners coming together to form virtual organizations (VOs). Each member of a VO maintains their autonomy, except with respect to their agreed goals. The structure of the Virtual Organisation may contain one dominant organisation who dictates the method of achieving the goals or the members may be considered peers of equal importance. The goals of VOs can be defined by the shared global business processes they contain. To be able to execute these business processes, VOs require a flexible enactment model as there may be no single ‘owner’ of the business process and therefore no natural place to enact the business processes. One solution is centralised enactment using a trusted third party, but in some cases this may not be acceptable (for instance because of security reasons). This thesis will present a programming system that allows centralised as well as distributed enactment where each organisation enacts part of the business process. To achieve distributed enactment we must address the problem of specifying the business process in a manner that is amenable to distribution. The first contribution of this thesis is the presentation of the Task Model, a set of languages and notations for describing workflows that can be enacted in a centralised or decentralised manner. The business processes that we specify will coordinate the services that each organisation owns. The second contribution of this thesis is the presentation of a method of describing the observable behaviour of these services. The language we present, SSDL, provides a flexible and extensible way of describing the messaging behaviour of Web Services. We present a method for checking that a set of services described in SSDL are compatible with each other and also that a workflow interacts with a service in the desired manner. The final contribution of this thesis is the presentation of an abstract architecture and prototype implementation of a decentralised workflow engine. The prototype is able to enact workflows described in the Task Model notation in either a centralised or decentralised scenario.
Optimization and throughput estimation of optical ground networks for LEO-downlinks, GEO-feeder links and GEO-relays (2017)

Optical satellite communications play an increasingly important role in a number of space applications. However, if the system concept includes optical links to the surface of the Earth, the limited availability due to clouds and other atmospheric impacts need to be considered to give a reliable estimate of the system performance. An OGS network is required for increasing the availability to acceptable figures. In order to realistically estimate the performance and achievable throughput in various scenarios, a simulation tool has been developed under ESA contract. The tool is based on a database of 5 years of cloud data with global coverage and can thus easily simulate different optical ground station network topologies for LEO- and GEO-to-ground links. Further parameters, like e.g. limited availability due to sun blinding and atmospheric turbulence, are considered as well. This paper gives an overview about the simulation tool, the cloud database, as well as the modelling behind the simulation scheme. Several scenarios have been investigated: LEO-to-ground links, GEO feeder links, and GEO relay links. The key results of the optical ground station network optimization and throughput estimations will be presented. The implications of key technical parameters, as e.g. memory size aboard the satellite, will be discussed. Finally, potential system designs for LEO- and GEO-systems will be presented.
Fermented fruits and vegetables :a global perspective (1998)

Fermented fruits and vegetables :a global perspective , Fermented fruits and vegetables :a global perspective , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Purification and Properties of a Hydrogenase from <i>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</i> (1971)

The soluble hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris was purified and some of its properties are described. The molecular weight was determined for the enzyme by sedimentation equilibrium (45,400) and amino acid analysis (44,800). The hydrogenase appears to be a loosely coiled molecule or to have a high axial ratio, which is reflected in an unusually low sedimentation coefficient (2.58S) and a low diffusion coefficient (D 5.85). The molecular weight of the hydrogenase (41,000), as calculated by the Svedberg equation, was in general agreement with the sedimentation equilibrium molecular weight. Amino acid analysis revealed the presence of six halfcystine residues per mole of enzyme and a total of 417 amino acid residues. The specificity of the hydrogenase and its capacity to reduce certain low potential dyes and cytochrome c(3) was studied. Metal analysis of the hydrogenase indicated the presence of 1 mole of ferrous iron per mole of enzyme.
Use of tissue water as a concentration reference for proton spectroscopic imaging (2006)

A strategy for using tissue water as a concentration standard in (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging studies on the brain is presented, and the potential errors that may arise when the method is used are examined. The sensitivity of the method to errors in estimates of the different water compartment relaxation times is shown to be small at short echo times (TEs). Using data from healthy human subjects, it is shown that different image segmentation approaches that are commonly used to account for partial volume effects (SPM2, FSL's FAST, and K-means) lead to different estimates of metabolite levels, particularly in gray matter (GM), owing primarily to variability in the estimates of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fraction. While consistency does not necessarily validate a method, a multispectral segmentation approach using FAST yielded the lowest intersubject variability in the estimates of GM metabolites. The mean GM and white matter (WM) levels of N-acetyl groups (NAc, primarily N-acetylaspartate), choline (Ch), and creatine (Cr) obtained in these subjects using the described method with FAST multispectral segmentation are reported: GM [NAc] = 17.16 +/- 1.19 mM; WM [NAc] = 14.26 +/- 1.38 mM; GM [Ch] = 3.27 +/- 0.47 mM; WM [Ch] = 2.65 +/- 0.25 mM; GM [Cr] = 13.98 +/- 1.20 mM; and WM [Cr] = 7.10 +/- 0.67 mM.
A tricontinental view of IgA nephropathy (2003)

The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that geographical variability in long-term outcome of IgAN is explained by lead-time bias and inclusion of milder cases in centres with apparent good outcome, but do not exclude the possibility that some of the variability is due to other factors such as genetics, diet or treatment.
Absolute optical absorption spectra in graphite epoxy by Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (1993)

Optical absorption is obviously of prime interest in the efficiency of laser generation of ultrasound in graphite-epoxy laminates. However, no quantitative spectrum of optical absorption in this composite material has yet been published in the literature. Transmission techniques are inefficient, and other techniques, like attenuated total reflectance or diffusive reflectance, do not give absolute values. The Fourier transform photoacoustic spectroscopy technique seems to be a good alternative that can analyze adequately and quantitatively a graphite-epoxy laminate. We used three different methods to compute the absolute optical absorption from the photoacoustic signal. The three methods are: the saturation of the real part of the photoacoustic spectrum, the comparison of the spectra obtained with two different mirror velocities, and the calibration of the photoacoustic cell with a transmission measurement. The spectra obtained in the IR band of 2.5 to 25 μm are presented, and the problems and limitations of each method are discussed. The results permit a better understanding of the absorption process in the composite laminate, and in this way, will help us enhance the efficiency of laser generation of ultrasound in graphite epoxy.
The transcription factor HNF3β is required in visceral endoderm for normal primitive streak morphogenesis (1998)

During early embryogenesis, the transcription factor HNF3beta is expressed in visceral and definitive endoderm, node, notochord and floorplate. A targeted mutation in the HNF3&bgr ; gene results in the lack of a definitive node and notochord. Furthermore, lack of HNF3beta results in failure of proper primitive streak elongation. To address whether HNF3beta is required in visceral endoderm, we have used tetraploid embryo-ES cell aggregations to generate chimeric mouse embryos with wild-type visceral endoderm and homozygous mutant HNF3beta embryonic ectoderm or vice versa. Replacing the visceral endoderm of mutant HNF3beta embryos rescued proper primitive streak elongation and, conversely, mutant visceral endoderm imposed a severe embryonic-extraembryonic constriction on wild-type embryonic ectoderm. Restoration of normal streak morphogenesis was not sufficient to allow formation of the node and notochord in HNF3beta mutant embryos. Thus, our results demonstrate that HNF3beta has two separate roles in primitive streak formation. One is to act within the visceral endoderm to promote proper streak morphogenesis. The second is autonomous to the node and its precursors and involves specification of node and notochord cell fates. HNF3beta mutant embryos rescued for the embryonic-extraembryonic constriction developed further than mutant embryos, allowing examination of later roles for HNF3beta. We show that such mutant embryos lack foregut and midgut endoderm. In addition, left-right asymmetry is affected in the mutant embryos.
Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 1: Overview of technical concepts and summary of findings (2003)

This series of papers provides a description of the toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette (EHC). With this novel cigarette design the tobacco is heated by a series of electric heating elements, which allows for greater control of the available heat and results in lower temperatures and less combustion compared with conventional lit-end cigarettes. This design was subjected to testing, including an evaluation of smoke chemistry, in vitro bacterial genotoxicity, in vitro mammalian cell cytotoxicity and a 90-day smoke inhalation study in rats. A conventional lit-end cigarette, the University of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 1R4F, was used as a point of comparison in these experiments. When adjusted for the yield of total particulate matter, the EHC delivered 50% lower amounts of about two-thirds of the 69 smoke constituents measured. Mutagenic activity (Salmonella reverse mutation assay) of the particulate phase material in the presence of metabolic activation was ca. 90% lower, with a slight reduction of activity in the absence of metabolic activation. Cytotoxic activity (neutral red assay) of the particulate phase material was ca. 40% lower, with about equal activity of the gas/vapor-phase material. Equal activity was noted between cigarette types in a whole smoke rat inhalation assay. The results from this series of tests demonstrate that the EHC produces a much different smoke--with an at least partially reduced yield of smoke constituents and biological activity--from that of a standard reference cigarette.
Workflow Scheduling and Resource Allocation for Cloud-Based Execution of Elastic Processes (2013)

Today's extensive business process landscapes make it necessary to handle the execution of a large number of workflows. Especially if workflow steps require the invocation of resource-intensive applications or a large number of applications needs to be carried out concurrently, process owners may have to allocate extensive computational resources, leading to high fixed costs. Instead, process owners could make use of Cloud-based computational resources, dynamically leasing and releasing resources on demand, which could lead to lower costs. In the work at hand, we propose a resource-efficient workflow scheduling algorithm for business processes and Cloud-based computational resources. Through the integration into the Vienna Platform for Elastic Processes and an evaluation, we show the practical applicability and the benefits of our contributions. Specifically, we find that our approach reduces the resource demand if compared with an ad hoc approach.
Cylindrical Microcavity Laser Based on the Evanescent-Wave-Coupled Gain (2000)

A microcavity laser based on the gain only in the evanescent field region of whispering gallery modes has been demonstrated. A cylindrical microcavity of 125 microm diam was surrounded by rhodamine 6G dye molecules in an ethanol solution of lower refractive index such that whispering gallery modes of the microcavity underwent laser oscillation when the dye molecules in the evanescent field region outside the cavity were excited by a second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser. For particular pumping spots, single-mode laser oscillation of a transverse magnetic mode was observed at about 600 nm with associated cavity Q of 3x10(7).