gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Fair Transmit Power Adjustment for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

Improving the safety of drivers and passengers by wirelessly exchanging information between vehicles represents a major driving force for the design of vehicular ad hoc networks. In a heavy loaded 802.11-based network, however, safety-related packets might collide frequently and cannot be decoded by a receiver, thus they might not be effective in increasing the safety level on the roads. In this paper, we propose to use transmit power control in order to reduce packet collisions, while taking into account the major design goal of vehicular ad hoc networks, i.e. increasing safety. While previous work has addressed the issue of power control primarily for optimizing network capacity and/or connectivity, the optimization criterion for improving safety has to be built upon the concept of fairness: a higher transmit power of a sender should not be selected at the expense of preventing other vehicles to send/receive their required amount of safety information. In this paper, we propose a fully distributed and localized algorithm called D-FPAV (distributed fair power adjustment for vehicular networks) for adaptive transmit power adjustment which is formally proven to achieve max-min fairness. Furthermore, we investigate the effectiveness and robustness of D-FPAV through extensive simulations based on a realistic highway scenario and different radio propagation models
FK506 ENHANCED OSTEOBLASTIC DIFFERENTIATION IN MESENCHYMAL CELLS (2002)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a bone-derived growth factor capable of promoting the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteogenic lineage pathways. Recently, immunosuppressants were reported to cause a moderate increase in osteoblastic differentiation in a rat osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell line. If immunosuppressants can induce osteoblastic differentiation, it will be useful for bone tissue transplantation. We assessed the effect of immunosuppressants with or without BMP-4 on inducing osteoblastic differentiation in osteoblast-like and other mesenchymal cells. FK506, an immunosuppressant often used clinically, induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, one of the markers of osteoblast differentiation, in cells derived from mesenchyma. In the presence of BMP-4, ALP activity, mRNA levels of ALP and osteocalcin increased. FK506 was found to not only stimulate osteoblastic differentiation, but also to enhance BMP-4 induced osteoblastic differentiation. These results suggest that FK506 promotes differentiation of osteoblastic cells.
Water solubility, antioxidant activity and cytochrome C binding of four families of exohedral adducts of C60 and C70 (2007)

Over the past decade, surface-modified, water soluble fullerenes have been shown by many different investigators to exhibit strong antioxidant activity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and to protect cells and tissues from oxidative injury and cell death in vivo. Nevertheless, progress in developing fullerenes as bona fide drug candidates has been hampered by three development issues: 1) lack of methods for scalable synthesis; 2) inability to produce highly purified, single-species regioisomers compatible with pharmaceutical applications; and 3) inadequate understanding of structure-function relationships with respect to various surface modifications (e.g., anionic versus cationic versus charge-neutral polarity). To address these challenges, we have designed and synthesized more than a dozen novel water soluble fullerenes that can be purified as single isomers and which we believe can be manufactured to scale at reasonable cost. These compounds differ in addition pattern, lipophilicity and number and type of charge and were examined for their water solubility, antioxidant activity against superoxide anions and binding of cytochrome C. Our results indicate that dendritic water soluble fullerene[60] monoadducts exhibit the highest degree of antioxidant activity against superoxide anions in vitro as compared with trismalonate-derived anionic fullerenes as well as cationic fullerenes of similar overall structure. Among the higher adducts, anionic derivatives have a higher antioxidant activity than comparable cationic compounds. To achieve sufficient water solubility without the aid of a surfactant or co-solvent at least three charges on the addends are required. Significantly, anionic in contrast to cationic fullerene adducts bind with high affinity to cytochrome C.
Tutorial on JML, the java modeling language (2007)

The Java Modeling Language (JML) is widely used in academic research as a common language for formal methods tools that work with Java. JML is a design by contract language that can be used to specify detailed designs of Java programs, frameworks, and class libraries. Over twenty research groups worldwide have built several tools for checking code and finding bugs (see jmlspecs.org).
Intracellular dissociation of receptor-bound asialoglycoproteins in cultured hepatocytes. A pH-mediated nonlysosomal event. (1983)

The binding, internalization, and degradation of 125I-asialo-orosomucoid were studied in primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes. Ligand entered the cell bound to the asialoglycoprotein receptor and subsequently dissociated from the receptor intracellularly. Rate coefficients for each of the transitions that constitute the endocytic pathway were computed. Subcellular fractionation on Percoll gradients revealed that prior to localization in lysosomes, 125I-asialo-orosomucoid resided in a fraction of slightly lower buoyant density than plasma membranes. Neither ammonium chloride (20 mM) nor leupeptin (0.1 mg/ml) affected ligand binding or internalization of prebound ligand. However, both reagents inhibited degradation of ligand by greater than 95%. Of the two, only ammonium chloride inhibited receptor-ligand dissociation. Ammonium chloride treatment resulted in the accumulation of ligand in the prelysosomal fraction. In contrast, exposure of cells to leupeptin led to accumulation of ligand within lysosomes. The results are interpreted in terms of pH-mediated dissociation of ligand-receptor complex within a nonlysosomal endocytic vesicle.
Potential of Milk Yield in Short Segments of Early Lactation as Covariates in Feeding Experiments (1981)

Milk yields in early segments of lactation were investigated as covariates for increasing sensitivity in measurement of response of lactation yield to experimental treatments imposed in early lactation. These segments were 3 through 6, 3 through 10, 7 through 10, 3 through 14, 7 through 14, and 11 through 14 days postpartum. Correlations between milk yields of early short segments and 305-day milk yields were computed for first, second, and third or later lactations. Partial correlations pooled over lactation-season subclasses also were computed. Covariances of 305-day milk yields (variance for season of freshening and lactation number removed) with milk yields of various short segments were analyzed.
The role of structural factors in determining project management success (1985)

Despite all of the attention that has been paid to the strategic concerns of more repetitive operational contexts over the past few years, almost all of the research on project management has remained focused on various aspects of network manipulation. For any project where the simple application of network techniques could be inappropriate or dysfunctional, the continued oversight of strategic issues is unfortunate. This paper addresses several strategic issues involved with the structural aspects of project management and finds several of them significantly interrelated with project success and the implication of particular project management control systems. The structural variables that are studied include: organizational structure, managerial authority, and scale of the project. The study draws on data collected by a mail survey of 103 development projects in 30 different firms.
The systemic safety of fexofenadine HCl (1999)

Fexofenadine is a highly specific, H1-receptor antagonist with a safety profile similar to placebo. In placebo-controlled trials of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), the type and incidence of adverse events were comparable in fexofenadine and placebo recipients. Fexofenadine does not impair performance in tests of driving or psychomotor performance and has been shown to improve quality of life in patients with SAR. Fexofenadine has a high margin of safety and is also well tolerated in subjects with renal or hepatic impairment, in children and the elderly. No clinically significant drug interactions have been identified. Fexofenadine is not associated with cardiotoxicity. Unlike some other antihistamines, such as loratidine or cetirizine [1, 2], fexofenadine is truly non-sedating, showing no dose-related increase in sedation, even at high doses [3, 4]. Fexofenadine is formulated and marketed as the hydrochloride salt. The recommended dose of fexofenadine HC1 is 120 mg daily for SAR (either as 120 mg once daily or 60 mg twice daily) or 180 mg once daily for CIU.
Abiotic stress <scp>QTL</scp> in lettuce crop–wild hybrids: comparing greenhouse and field experiments (2014)

The development of stress-tolerant crops is an increasingly important goal of current crop breeding. A higher abiotic stress tolerance could increase the probability of introgression of genes from crops to wild relatives. This is particularly relevant to the discussion on the risks of new GM crops that may be engineered to increase abiotic stress resistance. We investigated abiotic stress QTL in greenhouse and field experiments in which we subjected recombinant inbred lines from a cross between cultivated Lactuca sativa cv. Salinas and its wild relative L. serriola to drought, low nutrients, salt stress, and aboveground competition. Aboveground biomass at the end of the rosette stage was used as a proxy for the performance of plants under a particular stress. We detected a mosaic of abiotic stress QTL over the entire genome with little overlap between QTL from different stresses. The two QTL clusters that were identified reflected general growth rather than specific stress responses and colocated with clusters found in earlier studies for leaf shape and flowering time. Genetic correlations across treatments were often higher among different stress treatments within the same experiment (greenhouse or field), than among the same type of stress applied in different experiments. Moreover, the effects of the field stress treatments were more correlated with those of the greenhouse competition treatments than to those of the other greenhouse stress experiments, suggesting that competition rather than abiotic stress is a major factor in the field. In conclusion, the introgression risk of stress tolerance (trans-)genes under field conditions cannot easily be predicted based on genomic background selection patterns from controlled QTL experiments in greenhouses, especially field data will be needed to assess potential (negative) ecological effects of introgression of these transgenes into wild relatives.
A New Method Simplifying Collection of Serial Specimens for Gonadotropin Determinations (1975)

Patterns of gonadotropin levels have been compared in specimens of serum, 24-h urine collections, and first morning urine voidings collected throughout a menstrual cycle from 8 sexually mature, young women. Quantities of gonadotropins in first morning voidings were found to provide a reliable estimate of 24-h excretion of these hormones and demonstrate the same patterns of change as do serum and 24-h urine specimens. Thus first morning voidings satisfactorily overcome logistical problems inherent is serial serum and 24-h urine sampling for studying gonadotropin excretion patterns.
Changes of post-transcriptional modification of wye base in tumor-specific tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> (1982)

Nucleotide sequences of normal mouse liver tRNAPhe and tumor-specific tRNAPhes isolated from Ehrlich ascites tumor and neuroblastoma cells were examined by post-labeling techniques. The results showed that their sequences are identical, except for changes in post-transcriptional modifications that are located in the anticodon region. Normal mouse liver tRNAPhe contained Cm32, Gm34 and YOH37. On the other hand, tumor-specific tRNAPhes were found in one of two possible configurations: 1) Cm32, Gm34 and Y*OH37 (under-modified YOH) or 2) C32, G34 and m1G37. The ratio of the two forms of tRNAPhes differed in different tumor cells; Ehrlich ascites tumor tRNAPhe had mainly Y*OH-containing tRNAPhe whereas neuroblastoma tRNAPhe has predominantly m1G-containing tRNAPhe. It was concluded that tumor-specific tRNAPhes are products of different extents of modification, rather than of new tRNA transcription.
Thermal Energy Storage System by Solid Absorption for Electric Automobile Heating and Air-Conditioning (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The thermochemical energy storage could be a suitable solution for heating and air conditioning electric vehicles. This paper gives the results of a preliminary study engaged to test the STELF process using the metallic chloride/ammonia couple. Among the large number of solid/gas couples available, the MnCl<sub>2</sub>/NH<sub>3</sub> couple features an energy storage capacity of about 180 Wh and 90 Wh per kg of reactive and answers to an automotive application temperature respectively for the heating and the cooling. In winter, the reactor can provide heating to warm the passenger compartment but also to the outer evaporator heat exchanger to avoid the icing up phenomenon. Simulations show the thermodynamic feasibility of the process in the heating, cooling and regeneration modes in order to warm up, air condition and preheat respectively the electric car passenger compartment.</div>
Linkage of atypical vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD-1) to the soluble glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT1) locus. (1983)

One hundred twenty-eight blood samples were drawn from members of a single family with atypical vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD-1) characterized by variable expressivity in affected members of at least 5 generations. Because of the late onset of detectable retinal lesions in most family members, phenotype data from only 93 individuals who were at least 14 years of age were analyzed for linkage. Phenotype data from the remaining 35 members of the family who were under age 14 were excluded from the analysis. Maximum-likelihood analysis for linkage between VMD-1 and 13 biochemical and serological markers in the family demonstrated linkage between VMD-1 and the soluble glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT1) locus, which has been tentatively assigned to the short arm of chromosome 16. A maximum lod score of Z = 4.34 (odds favoring linkage of approximately 22,000 to 1) was obtained at a recombination fraction of theta = .05.
A Novel Δ5-Desaturase-Defective Mutant of <i>Mortierella alpina</i> 1S-4 and Its Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid Productivity (1993)

A novel Delta5-desaturase-defective mutant was derived from an arachidonic acid-producing fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, after treating the parental spores with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The mutant produced only a trace (about 1%) amount of arachidonic acid, and the ratio of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) to total fatty acids in each lipid class was markedly high, accounting for as much as 60% in phosphatidylcholine. Under submerged batch culture conditions, the mutant produced 2.4 g of DGLA per liter (43.3% of total fatty acids) when grown at 28 degrees C for 7 days in a 5-liter jar fermentor. The other major (more that 1%) fatty acids were palmitic acid (21.2%), stearic acid (9.6%), oleic acid (14.3%), linoleic acid (4.4%), and gamma-linolenic acid (5.8%). About 80 mol% of the DGLA produced was found in triacylglycerol.
Serotonergic dysfunction and aggression control (1991)

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Pin-tract infection during limb lengthening using external fixation. (2008)

We evaluated the incidence of pin-tract infection (PTI) during limb lengthening using external fixation in 88 patients and the effects of infection on final outcomes and incidence of additional procedures. The PTI rate was 96.6%. The rate of half-pin site infection was significantly (P<.05) higher in half-pin fixators (100%) than in hybrid fixators (78%). There was a significantly (P<.05) higher incidence of half-pin site infection (78%) than fine-wire site infection (33%). The rate of additional surgeries for treating PTI was higher for half-pin sites than for fine-wire sites. Three (3.4%) of the 88 cases led to chronic osteomyelitis. Careful insertion and a simple, well-defined, excellent pin-care protocol can minimize PTI.
Application of Ferroelectricity to Energy Conversion Processes (1961)

The principles of the conversion of heat energy directly into electrical energy by use of a ferroelectric material heat cycled in the neighborhood of its Curie point are described. A simplified expression for the energy conversion efficiency is derived, and reasonable values for appropriate parameters are used to obtain a numerical value for the efficiency under given operating conditions. The inadequacies of this simplified expression are discussed, and a general expression is derived. The results of the general analysis are compared with those based on the simplified method. The analysis shows that for barium titanate the exact theory predicts a higher efficiency than the simplified theory, and that in general the efficiency increases with increasing externally applied electric field and with increasing heat source temperature. For feasible operating conditions, the efficiency is in the range of 0.5%–1.0%. Future possibilities for ferroelectric energy converters are discussed.
Combination therapy of candesartan with statin inhibits progression of atherosclerosis more than statin alone in patients with coronary artery disease (2011)

Combination therapy of RAS inhibitor with statin is more effective than statin alone in inhibiting atherosclerotic progression of coronary arteries and the aorta in patients with coronary artery disease.
QTL analysis of heterostyly in Primula sieboldii and its application for morph identification in wild populations (2011)

This is the first report of a linkage map and QTL analysis for floral morphology related to heterostyly in P. sieboldii. Floral morphologies related to heterostyly are controlled by the S locus in LG 7 and by several QTLs in other LGs. Additionally, this study showed that molecular markers are effective tools for investigating morph ratios in a population containing the non-flowering individuals or during the non-flowering seasons.
Adaptive dimension reduction for clustering high dimensional data (2002)

It is well-known that for high dimensional data clustering, standard algorithms such as EM and the K-means are often trapped in local minimum. many initialization methods were proposed to tackle this problem, but with only limited success. In this paper they propose a new approach to resolve this problem by repeated dimension reductions such that K-means or EM are performed only in very low dimensions. Cluster membership is utilized as a bridge between the reduced dimensional sub-space and the original space, providing flexibility and ease of implementation. Clustering analysis performed on highly overlapped Gaussians, DNA gene expression profiles and internet newsgroups demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Anisotropic Growth of PbSe Nanocrystals on Au–Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Hybrid Nanoparticles (2006)

PbSe nanorods and branched nanorods are grown using binary Au–Fe3O4 nanoparticles as seeds. PbSe nucleates on the gold portion of the seed particle and grows anisotropically as one or more straight or branched nanorods. Seeding with binary particles has significant advantages over seeding with pure-metal particles. The top TEM images show the different growth morphologies obtained by varying seed-to-precursor ratios and the bottom images show PbSe nanorods and branched nanocrystals (see also inside front cover). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c0685_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An improved GPS current traveling-wave fault locator in EHV transmission networks using few recordings (2005)

This paper presents an improved method for estimating the fault location in electric power systems based on transient signals obtained from traveling wave recorders (TWS). These recorders are installed at few substations where traveling waves are utilized to locate faults in the transmission system using current signals only. The recorded signals are compared to a reference signal and the time delay of the first wave fronts is receded at each TWS. The minimum path for the traveling wave has been calculated using Dijkstra algorithm to select the closest TWS recorder. The fault location is determined by accurately time-tagging the arrival of the traveling wave at monitored ends of the transmission lines and comparing the time difference to the total propagation time of the lines. The time signal is obtained via satellite from the global positioning system (GPS). Fault distance calculation is done using double end method and the appropriate two current traveling wave signals. Validation of fault location is carried out by the alternative transient program (ATP/EMTP) simulations for a typical 400 kV power system
Improving adaboost for classification on small training sample sets with active learning (2004)

Recently, AdaBoost has been widely used in many computer vision applications and has shown promising results. However, it is also observed that its classification performance is often poor when the size of the training sample set is small. In certain situations, there may be many unlabelled samples available and labelling them is costly and time-consuming. Thus it is desirable to pick a few good samples to be labelled. The key is how. In this paper, we integrate active learning with AdaBoost to attack this problem. The principle idea is to select the next unlabelled sample base on it being at the minimum distance from the optimal AdaBoost hyperplane derived from the current set of labelled samples. We prove via version space concept that this selection strategy yields the fastest expected learning rate. Experimental results on both artificial and standard databases demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.