gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular pathology of cyclooxygenase-2 in neoplasia. (2000)

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 levels are elevated in several types of human cancer tissues. Nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit both the COX-1 and COX-2 protein, the two enzymes that convert arachidonic acids to prostaglandins. Regular use of such NSAIDs significantly reduces the risk and spread of some cancers. The objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular pathology of neoplasms that overexpress COX-2. Epidemiological data and clinical studies were analyzed and compared with results of studies of human tumor tissues, animal models, and cultured tumor cells. COX-2, but not COX-1, is highly expressed in human colon carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, and skin cancer. COX-2 is inducible by oncogenes ras and scr, interleukin-1, hypoxia, benzo[a]pyrene, ultraviolet light, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Dexamethasone, antioxidants, and tumor-suppressor protein p53 suppress COX-2 expression. COX-2 synthesizes prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which stimulates bcl-2 and inhibits apoptosis, and induces interleukin-6 (IL-6) which enhances haptoglobin synthesis. PGE2 is associated with tumor metastases, IL-6 with cancer cell invasion, and haptoglobin with implantation and angiogenesis. Drastic reduction in polyp number results from COX-2 gene knockout as well as from selective COX-2 inhibition in a mouse model of human familial adenomatous polyposis. Nonselective NSAIDs, for instance aspirin, and selective COX-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib (SC-58635) and NS-398 suppress azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Aspirin, indomethacin, and ibuprofen decrease cultured lung cancer cell proliferation. Selective inhibition of COX-2 is preferable to nonselective inhibition. It reduces cancer cell proliferation, induces cancer cell apoptosis, and spares COX-1-induced cytoprotection of the gastrointestinal tract.
Improved Identification and Relative Quantification of Sites of Peptide and Protein Oxidation for Hydroxyl Radical Footprinting (2013)

Protein oxidation is typically associated with oxidative stress and aging and affects protein function in normal and pathological processes. Additionally, deliberate oxidative labeling is used to probe protein structure and protein-ligand interactions in hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HRPF). Oxidation often occurs at multiple sites, leading to mixtures of oxidation isomers that differ only by the site of modification. We utilized sets of synthetic, isomeric "oxidized" peptides to test and compare the ability of electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID), as well as nano-ultra high performance liquid chromatography (nanoUPLC) separation, to quantitate oxidation isomers with one oxidation at multiple adjacent sites in mixtures of peptides. Tandem mass spectrometry by ETD generates fragment ion ratios that accurately report on relative oxidative modification extent on specific sites, regardless of the charge state of the precursor ion. Conversely, CID was found to generate quantitative MS/MS product ions only at the higher precursor charge state. Oxidized isomers having multiple sites of oxidation in each of two peptide sequences in HRPF product of protein Robo-1 Ig1-2, a protein involved in nervous system axon guidance, were also identified and the oxidation extent at each residue was quantified by ETD without prior liquid chromatography (LC) separation. ETD has proven to be a reliable technique for simultaneous identification and relative quantification of a variety of functionally different oxidation isomers, and is a valuable tool for the study of oxidative stress, as well as for improving spatial resolution for HRPF studies.
Grafting. IV. Graft tercopolymers as antifouling resin (1991)

Abstract A graft tercopolymer CLR‐ g ‐(MMA–TBTMA) based on chlorinated rubber as the backbone and binary copolymer of methyl methacrylate and tributyltin methacrylate as grafted chains has been synthesized. This graft copolymer has been used for the formulation of controlled‐release antifouling paints, and leaching rate behavior of toxin from such paints has been studied. The data have been compared with those obtained using controlled‐release antifouling paint based on linear chain copolymer of methyl methacrylate and tributyltin methacrylate. The paint based on grafted copolymer is characterized by having a lower leaching rate and reduced time for attainment of steady‐state leaching. Raft exposure studies indicate longer antifouling life compared to that of linear chain copolymer‐based paint both having the same dry paint film thickness.
Studies on 4-Isopropyl-quinazoline 1-Oxide and 4-Isopropyl-2-quinazolinecarbonitrile. (1964)

On the study of the 4-isopropylquinazoline 1-oxide, various following reactions were examined in detail. Those results and considerations are given with the reaction formula in the text. 1) N-oxidation of 4-isopropylquinazoline. 2) Reaction with alkali. 3) Reaction with sulfur dioxide or sodium hydrogensulfite. 4) Reaction with hydrogen cyanide or hydrogen cyanide-potassium cyanide. 5) Reaction with Grignard reagent. 6) Reaction with phenyllithium. 7) Reissert reaction. 8) Reaction with benzoyl chloride. 9) Reaction with acetic anhydride. 10) Reaction with phosphorus oxychloride (sulfuryl chloride). 11) Reaction with tosyl chloride. 12) Other reactions. As well as on 4-isopropyl-2-quinazolinecarbonitrile prepaed by the reaction 7), various following reaction are examined in detail. The results are also given. 13) Reaction with methoxide ion. 14) Reaction with hydrazine. 15) Reaction with amine. 16) Reaction with phenylmagnesium bormide. 17) Another reaction.
Boundary integral method for computing eigenfunctions in slotted gyrotron cavities of arbitrary cross-sections (1986)

A boundary integral Green's function technique is devised to calculate eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of open resonators in two dimensions. These eigenfunctions damp exponentially in time, but diverge in space. The cavity Q's of a variety of open resonators are calculated and compared with experimental cold tests.
Feasibility study of a junction termination using deep trench isolation technique for the realization of DT-SJMOSFETs (2008)

In this work, a new design of high voltage (1200 Volts range) power SuperJunction MOSFET (SJMOSFET) is presented: the Deep Trench SJMOSFET (DT-SJMOSFET). Besides, a new junction termination, consisting in a 70 μm width and 100 μm depth trench filled by a dielectric, is proposed. Simulation results show that this junction termination exhibits the same blocking voltage capability as the base cell (central cell). In addition, the termination breakdown voltage dependence on the dielectric critical electric field (E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cd</inf> ) and its permittivity (ε <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</inf> ) is studied. Finally, the possibility of filling the trench termination using low dielectric polyimide such as BenzoCycloButene (BCB) is successfully approved and the Chemical Mechanical Polishing of BCB is also discussed. These experimental results represent the key steps for a future complete fabrication process of DT-SJMOSFET.
Liver fibrosis increases the risk of intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (2002)

Histological evidence of fibrosis and low serum albumin levels are useful predictors of intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy, presumably owing to metachronous multifocal tumour in the liver remnant.
Study on Strategy of Account Security Based on SQL Server Database (2009)

As the aggregation of information, database system is the core part of computer information system. The security of the database system is of great importance, as the important resource of the Website, the security of its account is even more a focus of network security. According to the encrypt and encryption algorithm characteristics of database, to protect the security of database account , method can be used through setting unique value and implementing double hash encryption during encrypting.
Activities of Rifamycin Derivatives against Wild-Type and <i>rpoB</i> Mutants of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (2005)

Rifalazil, a semisynthetic rifamycin, was shown previously to have exceptional potency against Chlamydia trachomatis (MIC of 0.00025 microg/ml). We therefore tested 250 additional rifamycin derivatives and identified 12 with activities that are eightfold more potent than that of rifalazil. These compounds also showed exceptional activities against rifampin-resistant strains that carry missense mutations in the rpoB gene. The antimicrobial potency and intracellular penetration of these agents suggest their potential in treatment of chlamydial infections.
Altered autonomic function in patients with arthritis or with chronic myofascial pain (1989)

Dynamic autonomic function tests (pupillary light reflex, Valsalva maneuver, and mental arithmetic) were used to evaluate autonomic function (pupil size, heart rate, and skin conductance) in patients with inflammatory arthritis or with chronic myofascial pain. Physiological responses in both groups of patients suggest concurrent increases in tonic pupillary autonomic activity (sympathetic and parasympathetic), with a relative sympathetic dominance, and a decrease in tonic parasympathetic cardiovascular activity. Furthermore, in the arthritis group, the data suggest decreased cardiovascular parasympathetic reaction and enhanced sudomotor reaction.
All-optical WDM multi-rings with differentiated QoS (1999)

This article considers all-optical WDM networks based on a slotted multichannel ring topology, where nodes are equipped with one fixed-wavelength receiver and one wavelength-tunable transmitter; and shows how to design very effective MAC protocols that provide packet-mode transport to multiple information flows with different QoS requirements. As an example, we describe SR3, a collision-free slotted MAC protocol which combines a packet scheduling strategy (called SRR), a fairness control algorithm (called MMR); and a reservation mechanism. SRR achieves an efficient exploitation of the available bandwidth, MMR guarantees fair throughput access to each node, and SR3, by permitting slot reservations, leads to tighter control on access delays, and can thus effectively support traffic classes with different QoS requirements.
S. cerevisiae × S. eubayanus interspecific hybrid, the best of both worlds and beyond (2015)

Saccharomyces pastorianus lager-brewing yeasts have descended from natural hybrids of S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus. Their alloploidy has undoubtedly contributed to successful domestication and industrial exploitation. To understand the early events that have led to the predominance of S. pastorianus as lager-brewing yeast, an interspecific hybrid between S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus was experimentally constructed. Alloploidy substantially improved the performance of the S. cerevisiae × S. eubayanus hybrid as compared to either parent regarding two cardinal features of brewing yeasts: tolerance to low temperature and oligosaccharide utilization. The hybrid's S. eubayanus subgenome conferred better growth rates and biomass yields at low temperature, both on glucose and on maltose. Conversely, the ability of the hybrid to consume maltotriose, which was absent in the S. eubayanus CBS12357 type strain, was inherited from its S. cerevisiae parent. The S. cerevisiae × S. eubayanus hybrid even outperformed its parents, a phenomenon known as transgression, suggesting that fast growth at low temperature and oligosaccharide utilization may have been key selective advantages of the natural hybrids in brewing environments. To enable sequence comparisons of the parental and hybrid strains, the genome of S. eubayanus CBS12357 type strain (Patagonian isolate) was resequenced, resulting in an improved publicly available sequence assembly.
The magnetic field distribution of a perpendicular recording head (1978)

The magnetic field distribution of the perpendicular recording head has been investigate using a large scale model. This paper discusses the field distribution of the actual head from the measured results in the model head. It is shown that the strength of head field increases and the field distribution becomes very sharp because of the interaction between the head and the medium. The perpendicular recording which consists of the head having the sharp field distribution and a perpendicular anisotropy medium results in the demagnetization-free recording in very high densities.
High concentrations of Lp(a) lipoprotein in serum are common among patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. (1988)

The serum concentrations of Lp(a) lipoprotein was determined in 57 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and in 56 controls. Twentynine of the AAA-patients also suffered from other cardiovascular diseases and eleven had brothers and sisters with AAAs. Lp(a) was significantly higher among the AAA-patients than among the controls (22.3 +/- 24.3 vs 12.6 +/- 20.4 mg/dl, p less than 0.01). The 28 AAA-patients without other cardiovascular diseases had a somewhat higher Lp(a) in serum than the other AAA-patients, but this difference was not statistically significant (26.4 +/- 28.4 vs 18.5 +/- 19.3 mg/dl). The 11 AAA-patients with AAAs in the family didn't differ from the other AAA-patients concerning Lp(a) in serum. Several genetic markers were also studied, and the seven Kell-positive AAA-patients had a significantly lower Lp(a) in serum than the 47 Kell-negative AAA-patients (7.0 +/- 10.3 vs 25.7 +/- 25.2 mg/dl, p less than 0.05).
Analytic modeling of SSD write performance (2012)

Solid state drives (SSDs) update data by writing a new copy, rather than overwriting old data, causing prior copies of the same data to be invalidated. These writes are performed in units of pages, while space is reclaimed in units of multi-page erase blocks, necessitating copying of any remaining valid pages in the block before reclamation. The efficiency of this cleaning process greatly affects performance under random workloads; in particular, in SSDs the write bottleneck is typically internal media throughput, and write amplification due to additional internal copying directly reduces application throughput.
THE INCIDENCE AND EFFECTS OF HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN CULTIVATED RICE AND ITS RELATED WEED RED RICE (<i>ORYZA SATIVA</i>L.) (1990)

The objectives of this study were (1) to determine if hybridization occurs naturally between cultivated rice and a closely related weed, red rice (both Oryza sativa L.) and (2) to determine the incidence of hybridization and possible convergence of red rice with cultivated rice. Both morphological and electrophoretic characters were used to confirm the existence of hybrids. A total of 12,000 seeds were collected from red rice plants from fields of six different rice cultivars and sown in a common garden. Hybrids were generally taller and had longer, wider flag leaves than either red rice or cultivated rice. In addition, hybrids produced more tillers than red rice. Overall, hybrids were vegetatively robust plants, demonstrating heterosis and expressing morphological characteristics of both parents. That these plants were hybrids was confirmed by the existence of electrophoretic banding patterns common to both synthetic and natural hybrids. The incidence of hybridization was estimated as the percentage of hybrids found in red rice populations while morphological characteristics were used to test for convergence. Percentage hybridization ranged from 1% in the Lemont cultivar to 52% in the Nortai variety. The greater number of hybrids found in the Nortai variety was attributed to a later flowering time of this variety and the overlap of its flowering time with that of the F<sub>1</sub> hybrids. F<sub>1</sub> hybrids were observed to flower later than either red rice or the early season varieties of cultivated rice. Thus, early season varieties have a temporal separation in flowering time from the F<sub>1</sub> hybrids that prevents back crossing. Unlike the other hybrids that were vegetatively robust, Nortai hybrids were less robust and more similar to the cultivar. These results suggest that later season cultivars may have a higher incidence of hybridization and introgression with red rice and that this may lead to morphological convergence of the weed toward the crop. Convergents were observed in the Nortai variety. Hybridization between cultivated and red rice has the potential to increase the adaptability of red rice populations by promoting genetic diversity.
Preparation and Characterization of Transparent Conductive SnO2-F Thin Film Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis: Relationship between Loading Level and Some Physical Properties (2015)

Relationship between loading level and some physical properties of the SnO2-F film has been investigated. SnO2-F thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using modified respiratory therapist nebulizer at substrate temperature in the range of 400-520̊C. A stannous chloride solution was used as precursor and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) as dopant with 20% [F]/[Sn] ratio. The sheet resistance was found to decrease withthe increasing loading level, and sheet resistancebecame steady after the loading level was greater than0.45 mg/cm2. The transmittance was found to decrease with the increase of loading level but the decrease was not significant. The transparent conductive oxide of SnO2-F thin films were obtained, with transmittance was greater than 82.5% and sheet resistance of 21.4 Ω/sq. This results are comparable with the reported values (81.9% and 21.8 Ω/sq) [1] and this film can be used for efficient support of dye-sensitized solar cells electrode.
A Real-Time Observation scheme for UMTS networks (2009)

In this paper, we propose a real-time observation scheme for UMTS networks. There is a 3GPP specification for subscriber and equipment trace, but it only provides the basic aspects of subscriber and equipment trace. Thus, it is very hard to define and develop various parameters for effective trace. Now we define three types of real-time observation scheme - event trace, periodic trace, and call observation. We called these types of call tracing method Real-Time Observation, and propose the data format for three schemes. Using these schemes, we can be able to keep real-time observation on a specific mobile more effectively.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Recombinant Highly Enantioselective Short-Chain NAD(H)-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase from <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> (2008)

The gene encoding a novel alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) that belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily was identified in the extremely thermophilic, halotolerant gram-negative eubacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27. The T. thermophilus ADH gene (adh(Tt)) was heterologously overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein (ADH(Tt)) was purified to homogeneity and characterized. ADH(Tt) is a tetrameric enzyme consisting of identical 26,961-Da subunits composed of 256 amino acids. The enzyme has remarkable thermophilicity and thermal stability, displaying activity at temperatures up to approximately 73 degrees C and a 30-min half-inactivation temperature of approximately 90 degrees C, as well as good tolerance to common organic solvents. ADH(Tt) has a strict requirement for NAD(H) as the coenzyme, a preference for reduction of aromatic ketones and alpha-keto esters, and poor activity on aromatic alcohols and aldehydes. This thermophilic enzyme catalyzes the following reactions with Prelog specificity: the reduction of acetophenone, 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone, alpha-tetralone, and alpha-methyl and alpha-ethyl benzoylformates to (S)-(-)-1-phenylethanol (>99% enantiomeric excess [ee]), (R)-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol (93% ee), (S)-alpha-tetralol (>99% ee), methyl (R)-(-)-mandelate (92% ee), and ethyl (R)-(-)-mandelate (95% ee), respectively, by way of an efficient in situ NADH-recycling system involving 2-propanol and a second thermophilic ADH. This study further supports the critical role of the D37 residue in discriminating NAD(H) from NADP(H) in members of the SDR superfamily.
Sequence context of antisense RelA/NF-<sub>k</sub>B phosphorothioates determines specificity (1995)

The use of antisense oligomers to achieve inhibition of gene expression is complicated by frequent non-specific effects, and even the control oligomers often exhibit sequence-specific effects. We have recently shown that in diverse tumor-derived cell lines, a 24mer phosphorothioate oligomer antisense to the relA subunit of NF-kappa B transcription factor causes a block of cellular adhesion, inhibition of nuclear NF-kappa B and Sp1 DNA-binding activity and inhibition of tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In this study we use the same model to attempt to define the limits of antisense specificity. We demonstrate that single base pair substitution can virtually abolish the antisense activity. The relative position of mismatches within the antisense sequence is critical to the loss of activity. Our results further indicate that antisense specificity is determined not only by the content of the sequence but also by its occurrence with reference to the surrounding sequences.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Aminoacyl Analogs of Ascamycin (1988)

l-Prolyl and other aminoacyl derivatives of ascamycin (1) were synthesized by a condensation reaction of N6-t-butyloxycarbonyl-2-chloro-9-(2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-5′-O-sulfamoyl-β-d-ribofuranosyl)adenine (9) with the corresponding t-butyloxycarbonylaminoacylimidazole in the presence of Cs2C03 in DMF as the key step. The l-prolyl derivative (2) and l-phenylalanyl derivative (3) as well as 1 showed selective toxicity against Xanthomonas citri. The l-prolyl-l-prolyl derivative (5) as well as dealanylascamycin (6) showed broad toxicity against various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The d-alanyl derivative (4) lost its antibacterial activity. 2 was the best substrate (15.3m/min per mg of protein) for an Xc-aminopeptidase (an ascamycin-dealanylating enzyme from X. citri cells) among these analogs. This enzyme scarcely hydrolyzed 4 (0.2m/min per mg of protein). The substrate specificity of the enzyme accounts for antibacterial activity of the analogs. 2 showed greater selective toxicity against Kirsten sarcoma virus transformed Balb3T3 (KN-3T3) cells than against nontransformed cells (Balb 3T3).
A Histological Evaluation of a Functional Endosseous, Porous-surfaced, Titanium Alloy Dental Implant System in the Dog (1988)

We have previously reported the clinical and radiographic findings of a trial in dogs of a new dental implant system after a functional period of eight months. The present report consists of the corresponding qualitative and quantitative histological data. The implant system was fabricated from Ti-6A1-4V and employed a porous-surfaced configuration to achieve implant fixation by bone ingrowth. A similar porous surface was used on the apical 1/3 of the transgingival collar in an attempt to gain ingrowth and attachment of gingival connective tissue. The qualitative histological data confirmed that while such attachment to the collar did occur for some implants, in the majority of implants (22 of 32) the porous region of the collar became contaminated with bacterial plaque, resulting in implant failure (four implants) or suggesting future implant failure (18 implants). Statistical analyses of the quantitative histological data indicated that there were no significant differences in surface contact of bone with the middle third of the porous implant surface (CLF) when initial healing interval (four or eight weeks), implant location, or aspect of implant (buccal vs. lingual vs. mesial vs. distal) were compared. However, comparison of the current group of functional implants with an earlier group of similarly implanted non-functional implants indicated that function produced a highly significant increase in CLF.