gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of radiation-hard scintillators and wavelength-shifting fibers (2018)

Future circular and linear colliders as well as the Large Hadron Collider in the High-Luminosity era have been imposing unprecedented challenges on the radiation hardness of particle detectors that will be used for specific purposes e.g. forward calorimeters, beam and luminosity monitors. We perform research on the radiation-hard active media for such detectors, particularly calorimeters, in two distinct categories: quartz plates coated with thin, radiation-hard organic or inorganic compounds, and intrinsically radiation-hard scintillators. In parallel to the effort on identifying radiation-hard scintillator materials, we also perform R&D on radiation-hard wavelength shifting fibers in order to facilitate a complete active medium for detectors under harsh radiation conditions. Here we describe the recent advances in the developments of radiation-hard scintillators and wavelength shifting fibers. We will discuss recent and projected measurements and future directions in development of radiation-hard active media.
Phosphorylation of the Yeast Choline Kinase by Protein Kinase C (2005)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CKI1-encoded choline kinase catalyzes the committed step in phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the Kennedy pathway. The enzyme is phosphorylated on multiple serine residues, and some of this phosphorylation is mediated by protein kinase A. In this work we examined the hypothesis that choline kinase is also phosphorylated by protein kinase C. Using choline kinase as a substrate, protein kinase C activity was dose- and time-dependent and dependent on the concentrations of choline kinase (K(m) = 27 microg/ml) and ATP (K(m) = 15 microM). This phosphorylation, which occurred on a serine residue, was accompanied by a 1.6-fold stimulation of choline kinase activity. The synthetic peptide SRSSSQRRHS (V5max/K(m) = 17.5 mm(-1) micromol min(-1) mg(-1)) that contains the protein kinase C motif for Ser25 was a substrate for protein kinase C. A Ser25 to Ala (S25A) mutation in choline kinase resulted in a 60% decrease in protein kinase C phosphorylation of the enzyme. Phosphopeptide mapping analysis of the S25A mutant enzyme confirmed that Ser25 was a protein kinase C target site. In vivo the S25A mutation correlated with a decrease (55%) in phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the Kennedy pathway, whereas an S25D phosphorylation site mimic correlated with an increase (44%) in phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Although the S25A (protein kinase C site) mutation did not affect the phosphorylation of choline kinase by protein kinase A, the S30A (protein kinase A site) mutation caused a 46% reduction in enzyme phosphorylation by protein kinase C. A choline kinase synthetic peptide (SQRRHSLTRQ) containing Ser30 was a substrate (V(max)/K(m) = 3.0 mm(-1) micromol min(-1) mg(-1)) for protein kinase C. Comparison of phosphopeptide maps of the wild type and S30A mutant choline kinase enzymes phosphorylated by protein kinase C confirmed that Ser30 was also a target site for protein kinase C.
An Analysis of Database-Driven Mail Servers (2003)

Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.
A Survey on Secure Communication Protocols for IoT Systems (2016)

The Internet of Things (IoT) integrates a large number of physical objects that are uniquely identified, ubiquitously interconnected and accessible through the Internet. IoT aims to transform any object in the real-world into a computing device that has sensing, communication and control capabilities. There is a growing number of IoT devices and applications and this leads to an increase in the number and complexity of malicious attacks. It is important to protect IoT systems against malicious attacks, especially to prevent attackers from obtaining control over the devices. A large number of security research solutions for IoT have been proposed in the last years, but most of them are not standardized or interoperable. In this paper, we investigate the security capabilities of existing protocols and networking stacks for IoT. We focus on solutions specified by well-known standardization bodies such as IEEE and IETF, and industry alliances, such as NFC Forum, ZigBee Alliance, Thread Group and LoRa Alliance.
High-efficiency drive due to power factor control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (2003)

A drive system for a permanent magnet motor without a magnetic position detector is described. Generally, the position data of a magnet are obtained from the terminal voltage of the motor. In the newly developed method, the inverter DC-link current waveform provides the control signal for driving without a detector. Since the power factor of the motor is controlled at around 1.0, the motor runs at a higher efficiency than that of the conventional method. Therefore, this control method saves energy. Current pulsation induced by sudden load fluctuations has been studied, and its stabilization has been achieved. The principle and operation of the method, simulated characteristics, and experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trifluoroacetonitrile oxide (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrifluoroacetonitrile oxideWilliam J. MiddletonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 5, 919–922Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00179a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00179a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1078Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photoaffinity labeling of atrial natriuretic factor receptors of rat kidney cortex plasma membranes. (1985)

Synthetic rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was derivatized with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of [125I]iodoazidosalicylic acid to yield a radioactive photoaffinity probe. Incubation of purified plasma membranes from rat kidney cortex with this photoaffinity probe resulted in the specific labeling of a 140-kDa glycoprotein. The photoaffinity labeling of this protein was inhibited by ANF but not by reduced and alkylated ANF nor by other unrelated peptides. A 140-kDa band was also specifically labeled in liver plasma membranes but not in adipocyte plasma membranes. These observations suggest strongly that the 140-kDa glycoprotein is the ANF receptor.
Multiple processing forms and their biological activities of a novel angiogenesis inhibitor vasohibin (2006)

Vasohibin is a newly identified negative feedback regulator for angiogenesis. When expressed in cultured human endothelial cells, vasohibin polypeptides were detected in multiple distinct molecular weight forms, suggesting that some proteolytic events may occur within cells or the pericellular milieu. In order to identify the proteolysis sites, vasohibin cDNA mutants were generated to substitute some basic amino acids with alanine and then were transfected into endothelial cells. Western blots with anti-vasohibin monoclonal antibody following the transfection showed that there were at least two cleaving sites in the amino terminal region. Purified recombinant protein of the amino terminal truncated forms not only retained its inhibitory activity on angiogenesis in mouse corneal assay but also showed strong affinity to heparin. Moreover, deletion of some basic residues at the carboxyl terminal resulted in abrogation of both antiangiogenic and heparin-binding activities. Processing patterns and biological activities of the processed forms of this novel antiangiogenic factor are discussed.
Retroviral vector system for the study of cDNA gene formation. (1988)

A retroviral vector system was developed to study the retrotransposition of RNAs lacking all cis-acting sequences required for normal retroviral replication. Our experiments indicate that such RNAs can be encapsidated in retroviral proteins, reverse transcribed, and integrated to form functional cDNA genes in infected cells. The frequency of this process, however, was approximately 8 orders of magnitude less than that of normal retroviral replication. The efficiency was limited at each step in this process. Investigation of seven cDNA genes by Southern blot analysis revealed that all of them were truncated at either the 3' or the 5' end or both. These truncations are not seen with natural cDNA genes and raise the question of retroviral involvement in their formation.
Simultaneous Joint Inversion of Seismic and Gravity Data for Long Offset Pre-Stack Depth Migration in Northern Oman * (2007)

Summary The problem of data-driven velocity model building for depth-imaging applications is approached from the point of view of simultaneous joint inversion of separate geophysical domains. For this purpose a general formulation of the joint inversion problem is provided. The method is then applied to a real (long offsets) seismic dataset from Omani thrust-belt where seismic travel-time residuals (first-break and Common Image Gather residuals) are jointly inverted with gravity data (in the form of Bouguer anomaly) for improving velocity model building and the corresponding depth-domain seismic image.
Overview of spin transport electronics in metals (2003)

Spintronics has emerged as an exciting and dynamic field of research and development that spans numerous disciplines, including condensed matter physics, materials science, optical science and electrical engineering. The field can be divided roughly into two approaches. The first seeks to utilize the unique properties of ferromagnetic materials for novel functionality in electronic devices by incorporating a magnetic element in a device structure. This approach relies on spin-dependent transport of conduction electrons for integrating a magnetic bit state with charge-based electronic technology. Applications include magnetic field sensors incorporated as read heads and integrated, nonvolatile magnetic random-access memories. The second theme is less conventional and seeks to utilize populations of spin-polarized electrons, or individual magnetic moments, for entirely new paradigms of information processing such as quantum computing. Research in these two areas finds common ground with the study of the optical and/or electronic spin transport properties of conduction electrons. This paper will focus on relatively near term applications, represented by the first, more conventional theme, and on basic principles of spin-polarized transport.
Immunoprecipitation of a Phospholipase D Activity with Antiphosphotyrosine Antibodies (1995)

When granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-treated human neutrophils were challenged with the chemotactic factor fMet-Leu-Phe, it was possible to detect a time-dependent increase in the hydrolytic (as measured by the production of phosphatidic acid, PA) and the transphosphatidylation (as measured by the production of phosphatidylethanol, PEt) activities of phospholipase D in intact cells prelabeled with a radioactive fatty acid. Both activities were inhibited by preincubation of cells with genistein. Appropriate conditions were developed to test the PLD transphosphatidylation activity against exogenous phosphatidylcholine (PCho) in an in vitro system. As in intact cells, increased PLD activity could be detected in cell lysates obtained from fMet-Leu-Phe-treated cells compared with controls. When lysates were immunoprecipitated with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies, a PLD activity was found only in immune complexes that were prepared from fMet-Leu-Phe-treated cells. Conversely, no activity was found in lysates immunoprecipitated with an irrelevant antibody (GTPase-activating protein, GAP) that nevertheless was able to recognize a tyrosylphosphorylated form of GAP, as demonstrated by western blotting. These data suggest that a PCho-PLD, or a tightly bound protein, is tyrosine phosphorylated during cell activation.
Effects of active information processing on the understanding of risk information (2004)

Two experiments investigated effects of active processing of risk information on participants' understanding and judgments. It was hypothesized that more active processing would lead to better understanding and differences in affective judgments (e.g. increased satisfaction and reduced perceived risk to health). In both experiments participants were given a written scenario about their being prescribed a fictitious medication. This medication was said to cause side effects in 2% of people who took it. Before answering a series of written questions, participants in the active conditions of both experiments were asked to carry out a reflective task (portraying the size of risk on a bar chart in Experiment 1 and answering a reflective question in Experiment 2). The results showed that active participants rated the likelihood of experiencing possible side effects significantly lower than passive participants (Experiment 1), and that active participants were significantly more satisfied with the information and judged perceived risk to health from taking the medication significantly lower than passive participants (Experiment 2). In both experiments, active participants were significantly more correct in their probability and frequency estimates. The studies demonstrate that active processing of risk information leads to improved understanding of the information given. This has important implications for risk communication. In the context of health, better understanding should lead to improved decision-making and health outcomes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Timer-driven database triggers and alerters (1999)

This paper proposes a simple model for a timer-driven triggering and alerting system. Such a system can be used with relational and object-relational databases systems. Timer-driven trigger systems have a number of advantages over traditional trigger systems that test trigger conditions and run trigger actions in response to update events. They are relatively easy to implement since they can be built using a middleware program that simply runs SQL statements against a DBMS. Also, they can check certain types of conditions, such as “a value did not change” or a “a value did not change by more than 10% in six months.” Such conditions may be of interest for a particular application, but cannot be checked correctly by an event-driven trigger system. Also, users may be perfectly happy being notified once a day, once a week, or even less often of certain conditions, depending on their application. Timer triggers are appropriate for these users. The semantics of timer triggers are defined here using a simple procedure. Timer triggers are meant to complement event-driven triggers, not replace them. We challenge the database research community to developed alternate algorithms and optimizations for processing timer triggers, provided that the semantics are the same as when using the simple procedure presented here.
Salicylic acid is not required for <i>Cf‐2</i>‐ and <i>Cf‐9</i>‐dependent resistance of tomato to <i>Cladosporium fulvum</i> (2000)

Tomato leaves or cotyledons expressing the Cf-2 or Cf-9 Cladosporium fulvum resistance genes induce salicylic acid (SA) synthesis following infiltration with intercellular washing fluid (IF) containing the fungal peptide elicitors Avr2 and Avr9. We investigated whether SA was required for Cf gene-dependent resistance. Tomato plants expressing the bacterial gene nahG, encoding salicylate hydroxylase, did not accumulate SA in response to IF infiltration but remained fully resistant to C. fulvum. NahG Cf0 plants were as susceptible to C. fulvum as wild-type Cf0. Neither free nor conjugated salicylic acid accumulated in IF-infiltrated Cf2 and Cf9 NahG leaves and cotyledons but conjugated catechol did accumulate. The Cf-9-dependent necrotic response to IF was prevented in NahG plants and replaced by a chlorotic Cf-2-like response. SA also potentiated Cf-9-mediated necrosis in IF-infiltrated wild-type leaves. In contrast, the Cf-2-dependent IF response was retained in NahG leaves and chlorosis was more pronounced than in the wild-type. The distribution of cell death between different cell types was altered in both Cf2 and Cf9 NahG leaves after IF injection. IF-induced accumulation of three SA-inducible defence-related genes was delayed and reduced but not abolished in NahG Cf2 and Cf9 leaves and cotyledons. NahG Tm-22 tomato showed increased hypersensitive response (HR) lesion size upon TMV infection, as observed in TMV-inoculated N gene-containing NahG tobacco plants.
Over 1000 genes are involved in the DNA damage response of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2002)

Changes in gene expression after treatment of Escherichia coli cultures with mitomycin C were assessed using gene array technology. Unexpectedly, a large number of genes (nearly 30% of all genes) displayed significant changes in their expression level. Analysis and classification of expression profiles of the corresponding genes allowed us to assign this large number of genes into one or two dozen small clusters of genes with similar expression profiles. This assignment allowed us to describe systematically the changes in the level of gene expression in response to DNA damage. Among the damage-induced genes, more than 100 are novel. From those genes involved in DNA metabolism that have not previously been shown to be induced by DNA damage, the mutS gene involved in mismatch repair is especially noteworthy. In addition to the SOS response, we observed the induction of other stress response pathways, such as those of oxidative stress and osmotic protection. Among the genes that are downregulated in response to DNA damage are numerous protein biosynthesis genes. Analysis of the gene expression data highlighted the essential involvement of sigma(s)-regulated genes and the general stress response network in the response to DNA damage.
Total Syntheses of Mycobactin Analogues as Potent Antimycobacterial Agents Using a Minimal Protecting Group Strategy (1998)

Mycobactins are a family of iron sequestering agents (siderophores) biosynthesized as growth promoters by mycobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They are important siderophores with high affinity and specificity for Fe(III) due to the chemical nature of their component chelating functional groups. The parent compounds and their synthetic analogues can be used for studies of natural iron uptake mechanisms. It was hypothesized by Snow and co-workers that alternate and modified mycobactin analogues might serve as antagonists of mycobacterial growth and be of important therapeutic value. Efficient syntheses of four different analogues are presented. Dramatic improvements on formation of amide and ester bonds were achieved using water soluble carbodiimide (EDC·HCl)-mediated couplings in the presence of 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt) as an additive. Using HOAt over other traditional coupling additives provided significant enhancement of the reaction rate of the desired coupling reactions and minimized side reactions. Further simplifications were made possible by minimizing the use of protecting groups during the syntheses. In fact, coupling components in the presence of free hydroxamic acids and a free phenolic hydroxyl group proceeded in excellent yields. Biological studies indicated that the resulting synthetic analogues effect moderate to high inhibition of the growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv.
Sum of products: Computation using modular thermometer codes (2014)

This paper presents a method for computing inner products based on the distributed arithmetic principles and thermometer codes. The input is represented in the residue domain using thermometer codes while the output is encoded in the one-hot code format. Compared to the conventional methods of evaluating inner products using binary format, the proposed system provides an elegant way of performing the modular inner products computation due to the absence of the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> modulo operation encountered in binary based methods. In addition, the modulo adder used in the proposed system can be implemented using simple shifter based circuit utilizing one-hot code format with no carry propagation involved in the addition.
Metal-insulator transition in doped single-wall carbon nanotubes (2005)

We find strong evidence for a metal-insulator (MI) transition in macroscopic single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) conductors. This is revealed by systematic measurements of resistivity and transverse magnetoresistance (MR) in the ranges 1.9--300 K and 0--9 Tesla, as a function of $p$-type redox doping. Strongly ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{SO}}_{4}$-doped samples exhibit small negative MR, and the resistivity is low and only weakly temperature-dependent. Stepwise dedoping by annealing in vacuum induces a MI transition. Critical behavior is observed near the transition, with $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ obeying a power-law temperature dependence, $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}}$. In the insulating regime (high annealing temperatures), the $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ behavior ranges from Mott-like three-dimensional (3D) variable-range hopping (VRH), $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{exp}[{({T}_{0}∕T)}^{\ensuremath{-}1∕4}]$, to Coulomb-gap (CGVRH) behavior, $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{exp}[{(\ensuremath{-}{T}_{0}∕T)}^{\ensuremath{-}1∕2}]$. Concurrently, MR$(B)$ becomes positive for large $B$, exhibiting a minimum at magnetic field ${B}_{min}$. The temperature dependence of ${B}_{min}$ can be characterized by ${B}_{min}(T)={B}_{c}(1\ensuremath{-}T∕{T}_{c})$ for a large number of samples prepared by different methods. Below a sample-dependent crossover temperature ${T}_{c}$, MR$(B)$ is positive for all $B$. The observed changes in transport properties are explained by the effect of doping on semiconducting SWNTs and tube-tube coupling.
A dose ranging study of 2 different formulations of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) in healthy infants (2019)

PCV15 is safe and induces IgG and OPA responses to all 15 serotypes in the vaccine. No significant differences in antibody responses were observed with increases in PnPs and/or Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvant.