gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hürthle cell (oxyphilic) papillary thyroid carcinoma: A variant with more aggressive biologic behavior (1992)

The latest World Health Organization International Classification defines papillary thyroid carcinoma by its "follicular cell differentiation...as well as characteristic nuclear changes". However the oxyphilic (Hürthle cell) papillary carcinoma have nuclei which generally resemble the nuclei seen in oxyphilic follicular carcinomas, and such oxyphilic papillary tumors may behave more aggressively than typical papillary cancers. To further characterize these rare tumors, we identified during a 32-year period 22 patients with oxyphilic papillary cancer and compared them with 1,084 patients with typical papillary cancers and 57 patients with oxyphilic follicular cancers treated by the Mayo surgical group during the same time period. Although typical papillary and oxyphilic papillary cancers were comparable with regards to patient age, tumor size and extent, TNM stage, and prognostic score (AGES), there were significant differences. Compared to typical papillary tumors, oxyphilic papillary cancers had fewer neck nodal metastases at primary diagnosis (5% vs 40%, p less than 0.0001), were more often DNA non-diploid (71% vs 21%, p less than 0.001), and after 10 postoperative years had higher rates of both tumor recurrence (28% vs 11%, p less than 0.0001) and cause-specific mortality (1.7% vs 4%, p less than 0.0005). In these four important respects the oxyphilic papillary cancers more resembled the oxyphilic follicular cancers. For oxyphilic follicular cancers, the frequency of initial neck nodal metastases was 7% (cf 5%); 83% of the oxyphilic follicular tumors were non-diploid (cf 71%), and at 10 years postoperatively the tumor recurrence and cause-specific mortality rates were 28% and 18%, insignificantly different from 28% and 17% seen with the oxyphilic papillary cancers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Design Improvements and In Vitro Testing of an Implantable Muscle Energy Converter for Powering Pulsatile Cardiac Assist Devices (2010)

Harnessing skeletal muscle for circulatory support would improve on current blood pump technologies by eliminating infection-prone drivelines and cumbersome transcutaneous energy transmission systems. Toward that end, we have built and tested an implantable muscle energy converter (MEC) designed to transmit the contractile energy of the latissimus dorsi muscle in hydraulic form. The MEC weighs less than 300 g and comprises a metallic bellows formed from AM350 stainless steel actuated by a rotary cam (440C) attached to a titanium rocker arm (Ti–6Al–4V). The rocker arm is fixed to the humeral insertion of the muscle via a looped artificial tendon developed specifically for this purpose. The device housing (Ti–6Al–4V) is anchored to the ribcage using a perforated mounting ring and a wire suture. Lessons learned through seven previous design iterations have produced an eighth-generation pump with excellent durability, energy transfer efficiency, anatomic fit, and tissue interface characteristics. This report describes recent improvements in MEC design and summarizes results from in silico and in vitro testing. Long-term implant studies will be needed to confirm these findings prior to clinical testing.
The Experience of Time as a Determinant of Self-Control (1960)

From a philologist's point of view, the verb "to inhibit" has a simple history and meaning. It derives from the Latin "in," which has the obvious meaning, and the Latin "habere" which means "to hold." Philologically, then, "to inhibit" means "to hold in." Inhibition, as a generic term, can be used to describe several subcategories of behavior. Voluntarily exercised motoric, cognitive, and affective inhibition have all been studied (Meltzoff, Singer, and Korchin, 1953; Meltzoff and Levine, 1954; Singer et al., 1956; Meltzoff and Litwin, 1956). One point of view considers these subvarieties of inhibition as aspects of a general "ego delay function." Time estimation and time conception have been related to various measures of inhibition and ego delay. Levine and Spivack (1959) demonstrated that the ability to forego immediate gratification for a more distant goal was related to the individual's breadth of conception of time.
Loss of pain perception in diabetes is dependent on a receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (2004)

Molecular events that result in loss of pain perception are poorly understood in diabetic neuropathy. Our results show that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a receptor associated with sustained NF-kappaB activation in the diabetic microenvironment, has a central role in sensory neuronal dysfunction. In sural nerve biopsies, ligands of RAGE, the receptor itself, activated NF-kappaBp65, and IL-6 colocalized in the microvasculature of patients with diabetic neuropathy. Activation of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression was upregulated in peripheral nerves of diabetic mice, induced by advanced glycation end products, and prevented by RAGE blockade. NF-kappaB activation was blunted in RAGE-null (RAGE(-/-)) mice compared with robust enhancement in strain-matched controls, even 6 months after diabetes induction. Loss of pain perception, indicative of long-standing diabetic neuropathy, was reversed in WT mice treated with soluble RAGE. Most importantly, loss of pain perception was largely prevented in RAGE(-/-) mice, although they were not protected from diabetes-induced loss of PGP9.5-positive plantar nerve fibers. These data demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that the RAGE-NF-kappaB axis operates in diabetic neuropathy, by mediating functional sensory deficits, and that its inhibition may provide new therapeutic approaches.
Synthesis of the antisense oligonucleotides carrying the modified 2-5A molecules at their 5'-termini and their properties (2002)

The synthesis of 8-methyladenosine (1)-substituted 2-5A tetramers with hydroxyalkyl groups at the 5'-phosphates and the corresponding 2-5A-antisense chimeras is described. These oligonucleotides were synthesized by the phosphoramidite method with a DNA/RNA synthesizer. These 2-5A tetramers, 8 and 9, with hydroxyethyl and hydroxybutyl groups at their 5'-phosphates were more resistant to hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase than those without the hydroxyalkyl groups. Incorporation of the hydroxyethyl group into the 2-5A tetramer and 2-5A-antisense chimera slightly reduced the abilities of their analogs to activate recombinant human RNase L, but the abilities of the 2-5A tetramer, 11, and the 2-5A-antisense chimera, 15, with the hydroxyethyl group and 1 returned to 80 and 50% relative to those of the un-modified oligonucleotides, 7 and 12, respectively. Furthermore, the enzyme activated by 2-5A-antisense chimera 15 cleaved the complementary RNA as efficiently as that activated by 2-5A-antisense chimera 12 without the hydroxyethyl group and 1. Thus, the 2-5A-antisense chimera carrying the hydroxyethyl group and 1 was found to be a good candidate for an antisense molecule.
Enhanced Immunogenicity of Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A by Genetic Fusion to Cytokines and Evaluation of Protective Immunity in Mice (2002)

Immunization of mice with pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) provides protection against systemic infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Because the use of CFA is not acceptable in humans, we sought to develop alternative means of enhancing the immunogenicity of protein antigens of potential use in pneumococcal vaccines. We designed a series of genetic constructs in which coding sequences for PsaA were linked to sequences encoding either murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2), mIL-4, or two copies of an immunostimulatory nonapeptide derived from mIL-1beta. The PsaA-cytokine constructs were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Mice immunized twice with PsaA-IL-2, or PsaA-IL-4 responded with PsaA-specific antibody production comparable in magnitude to that of mice primed with PsaA in CFA and boosted with PsaA in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (PsaA-Adj). Antibodies elicited by PsaA-Adj were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, while PsaA-IL-2 and PsaA-IL-4 elicited substantial amounts of IgG2a in addition to IgG1. Mice immunized with PsaA-Adj or PsaA-IL-4 were partially protected against intraperitoneal challenge with virulent S. pneumoniae (30% overall survival beyond 15 days postchallenge). Mice immunized with PsaA and no adjuvant or PsaA-IL-2 exhibited 0 or 5% survival rates, respectively, following challenge. In contrast, mice immunized twice with capsular polysaccharide were 100% protected. The modest levels of protection seen in mice immunized with PsaA and its more immunogenic derivatives may be explained in part by the relative inaccessibility of antibody to PsaA on the surface of encapsulated S. pneumoniae.
Memory Interfaces Made Easy with Xilinx FPGAs and the Memory Interface Generator (2007)

As FPGA designers strive to achieve higher performance while meeting critical timing margins, the memory interface design is a consistently difficult and time-consuming challenge. Xilinx FPGAs provide I/O blocks and logic resources that make the interface design easier and more reliable. Nonetheless, the I/O blocks, along with extra logic, must be configured, verified, implemented and properly connected to the rest of the FPGA by the designer in the source RTL code, carefully simulated, and then verified in hardware to ensure a reliable memory interface system. This white paper discusses the various memory interface controller design challenges and Xilinx solutions. It also describes how to use the Xilinx software tools and hardware-verified reference designs to build a complete memory interface solution for your own application, from low-cost DDR SDRAM applications to higher-performance interfaces like the 667 Mb/s DDR2 SDRAMs.
Regulation of E2F-1 after DNA Damage by p300-Mediated Acetylation and Ubiquitination (2005)

Here we report a novel, noncompetitive mechanism that links acetylation and ubiquitination, in which the association of transcription factor E2F-1 with the cellular coactivator and acetyltransferase p300 determines its acetylation and subsequent ubiquitination. By using an antibody specifically recognizing the acetylated form of E2F-1 (AcE2F-1), we found that, after DNA damage, AcE2F-1 accumulates in the cells in a time-dependent manner, and that acetylation is increased by the expression of p300. Remarkably, the same DNA damaging conditions also induce the accumulation of ubiquitinated E2F-1, an event that is again markedly stimulated by p300 overexpression. The effects of p300 on E2F-1 ubiquitination require the integrity of the HAT domain of p300 and of the three acetylated lysines in E2F-1. Of note, p300-induced E2F-1 ubiquitination does not depend on the p45Skp2 E3 ligase, since it does not extend to other p45Skp2 targets and also occurs with an E2F-1 mutant devoid of the p45Skp2-binding domain but still retaining the acetylated region. Finally, p300-induced E2F-1 ubiquitination is not influenced by RB.
Aberrant integrin αv and α5 expression in prostate adenocarcinomas and bone-metastases is consistent with a bone-colonizing phenotype (2020)

We conclude that ITGAV expression is aberrantly expressed in high frequency in high-grade prostatic adenocarcinomas in patterns suggestive of recapitulated basal cell functions, consistent with a stem-regulatory role that has been proposed. Co-expression and enrichment of αv and α5 in osseous metastases supports their proposed collaborative role in colonization of the bone microenvironment and as candidate targets for therapy.
Performance analysis of the RAID 5 disk array (2002)

While the processor and memory performance of computers continues to improve, I/O performance has remained relatively constant. Strategies to achieve better I/O performance than current disk systems have been investigated to address the growing I/O bottleneck. One effort is the RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks) Level 5 disk array. RAID 5 offers increased parallelism of I/O requests through the disk array architecture and fault tolerance through rotated parity. Although RAID 5 offers the promise of improved I/O performance, such gains must be quantified. Accurate analytical modeling can be used to quantify and predict the I/O request response time for different workloads. While previous analytical models to calculate the I/O request response time have been constructed, they often rely upon simplifying assumptions or computational bounds, which are accurate for certain values of the possible workload parameters. This paper presents an analytical performance model to compute the mean steady state response time of a RAID 5 I/O request under a transaction-processing workload. By carefully considering individual disk accesses, the arrival process of disk requests, and correlation between disk requests, an accurate model for a wide range of the workload parameters is developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controlled shallow single-ion implantation in silicon using an active substrate for sub-20-keV ions (2005)

We demonstrate a method for the controlled implantation of single ions into a silicon substrate with energy of sub-20-keV. The method is based on the collection of electron-hole pairs generated in the substrate by the impact of a single ion. We have used the method to implant single 14-keV P31 ions through nanoscale masks into silicon as a route to the fabrication of devices based on single donors in silicon.
One-Pot Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous NiO–CaO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Composite Oxides for Catalyzing CO<sub>2</sub>Reforming of CH<sub>4</sub> (2012)

Ordered mesoporous tricompound NiO–CaO–Al2O3 composite oxides with various Ca content were first designed and facilely synthesized via a one-pot, evaporation-induced, self-assembly (EISA) strategy. The obtained mesoporous materials with advantageous textural properties and superior thermal stabilities were investigated as the catalysts for the carbon dioxide reforming of methane reaction. These mesoporous catalysts entirely showed high catalytic activities as well as long catalytic stabilities toward this reaction. The improved catalytic activities were suggested to be closely associated with the advantageous structural properties, such as large specific surface areas; big pore volumes; and uniform pore sizes, which could provide sufficient “accessible” active centers for the gaseous reactants. In addition, the “confinement effect” of the mesoporous matrixes contributed to stabilizing the Ni active sites during the processes of reduction and reaction, accounting for the long lifetime stabilities of these mesoporous catalysts. The modification of Ca played dual roles in promoting the catalytic activities and suppressing the carbon deposition by enhancing the chemisorption of the CO2. Generally, the ordered mesoporous NiO–CaO–Al2O3 composite oxides could be considered as promising catalysts for the carbon dioxide reforming of methane reaction.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Application of deep learning algorithm in college English teaching process evaluation (2019)

We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Behaviour & Information Technology, have retracted the following article which was part of the Special Issue on Behaviour Monitoring and Management of Customers, People and Organizations using Deep Learning: Xing Zhao (2019) Application of deep learning algorithm in college English teaching process evaluation, Behaviour & Information Technology, DOI: 10.1080/0144929X.2019.1690579 After publication it came to our attention that the person named as the Guest Editor of the Special Issue was impersonated by a fraudulent entity and the articles were not reviewed fully in line with the journal’s peer review standards and policy. We did not find any evidence of misconduct by the authors. However, in order to ensure full assessment has been conducted, we sought expert advice on the validity and quality of the published articles from independent peer reviewers. Following this post publication peer review, the editor has determined that the articles do not meet the required scholarly standards to remain published in the journal, and therefore has taken the decision to retract the articles. The authors have been informed of this decision.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted articles will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but they will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.
Decoupling the effects of crystallinity and orientation on the shear piezoelectricity of polylactic acid (2011)

Abstract Shear piezoelectricity has been shown to be linearly proportional to the product of polymer crystallinity and orientation. However, investigations concerning the singular and cumulative effects of these parameters are incomplete since these studies relied exclusively on using orientation to alter crystallinity. In this research, polylactic acid (PLA) samples were fabricated by a dual drawing/annealing process to expand the investigation into the relationship between crystallinity, orientation, and shear piezoelectricity. The results of this study show for the first time that PLA shear piezoelectricity possesses a stronger relationship with the product of crystallinity and orientation than either of these parameters individually. However, this research also shows that processing of PLA for shear piezoelectric applications should focus only on achieving large degrees of orientation, which will inherently lead to increases in crystallinity as well. This approach will optimize PLA's shear sensing capabilities while avoiding certain detrimental effects, specifically embrittlement and a reversal of polymer chain orientation, which can occur during annealing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1555–1562, 2011
Interconnecting WirelessHART and legacy HART networks (2010)

WirelessHART is a novel standardized wireless sensor network protocol for industrial process automation. The WirelessHART protocol is designed with the aim to complement the HART protocol by providing wireless extension to it. However, due to the different physical and data-link layers the two protocols are not directly interoperable. WirelessHART is based on IEEE 802.15.4 mesh networks whereas HART is a 4-20mA analog wired protocol. Keeping in view the huge installations of HART networks throughout the world we feel the need to integrate HART and WirelessHART networks as the WirelessHART standard does not specify the means to securely connect the two networks. In this paper we provide different options to integrate Wire-lessHART and legacy HART networks. We start integrating the two networks using a gateway. However, gateway based integrations are sometimes not feasible and are insecure. The main contribution of this paper is that we provide a novel and comparatively secure solution to interconnect WirelessHART networks with HART networks. We specify and design a new WirelessHART Integrator that extends the capabilities of the WirelessHART adapter and provides integration at the network level rather than at the device level only. We also analyze and compare our solution with gateway and adapter based solutions.
Gastric H+/K+-ATPase: targeting signals in the regulation of physiologic function (1998)

The H+/K(+)-ATPase of gastric parietal cells catalyzes acid secretion in the stomach. Regulation of this pump's function involves its targeting to an intracellular storage compartment, which fuses with the apical plasma membrane in response to secretagogue stimulation. The H+/K(+)-ATPase must also be returned to this intracellular storage compartment to inactivate acid secretion. Recent research suggests that a number of targeting signals and protein-protein interactions participate in governing this process.
A trace based method for realistic simulation (2004)

This paper proposes a new approach for making simulations realistic. This approach is based on the principle of "trace driven simulation", i.e. using the results of the actual traffic traces analysis in order to reproduce the same experimental conditions in simulation. The main principle of the approach proposed in this paper deals with making simulation traffic sources replay under certain conditions - the actual traffic traces grabbed on actual networks. This paper describes the implementation of this approach in the NS simulator, and evaluates it by comparing the characteristics of the traces obtained with our replay approach with original data traces. The parameters that are considered for making the comparison are the usual traffic parameters as throughput, packet rate, etc., but also everything that is related to traffic dynamics, i.e. the second order statistical moments as autocorrelation of traffic or long range dependence.
A versatile substrate heater for use in highly oxidizing atmospheres (1991)

We report the design, construction and performance of a versatile substrate heater that meets the severe design constraints of heating substrates to high temperatures (≤900 °C) in relatively high pressures (hundreds of Torr) of oxidizing gases. The heater has been used to heat substrates by both thermal conduction via a conductive high temperature cement and by direct radiation. In particular, the production of high-quality YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films grown on radiatively heated LaAlO3 substrates is demonstrated using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique.