gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting the stromal androgen receptor in primary prostate tumors at earlier stages (2008)

To differentiate roles of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate stromal and epithelial cells, we have generated inducible-(ind)ARKO-TRAMP and prostate epithelial-specific ARKO TRAMP (pes-ARKO-TRAMP) mouse models, in which the AR was knocked down in both prostate epithelium and stroma or was knocked out in the prostate epithelium, respectively. We found that loss of AR in both mouse models resulted in poorly differentiated primary tumors with expanded intermediate cell populations. Interestingly, knockdown of both epithelial and stromal AR in ind-ARKO-TRAMP mice at earlier stages resulted in smaller primary prostate tumors with lower proliferation rates, and knockout of AR in pes-ARKO-TRAMP mice resulted in larger primary prostate tumors with higher proliferation rates. The differential proliferation rates, yet with similarly expanded intermediate cell populations, indicated that the prostate stromal AR might play a more dominant role than the epithelial AR to promote primary tumor proliferation at an early stage of tumor. Tissue recombination of human prostate stromal cell lines (WPMY1-v or WPMY1-ARsi) with human prostate cancer epithelial cell lines (PC3-v or PC3-AR9) further demonstrated that the AR might function as a suppressor in epithelial cells and a proliferator in stromal cells in the primary prostate tumors. The dual roles of the AR in prostate epithelium and stroma may require us to reevaluate the target and timing of androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer patients and may suggest a need to develop new drugs to selectively target stromal AR in the primary prostate tumors at earlier stages.
Solution structure of the variant‐3 neurotoxin from <i>Centruroides sculpturatus</i> Ewing (1994)

The solution structure of the CsE-v3 neurotoxin from the venom of the North American scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing (CsE) has been determined by a hybrid refinement procedure that employed distance geometry and dynamical simulated annealing. Distance constraints deduced from the nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy data and torsion angle constraints deduced from the vicinal coupling constant data were used in the refinement procedure. A family of simulated annealing structures that showed no constraint violations was generated. The energy-minimized average structure exhibited root-mean-square deviations of 0.121 nm for the backbone and 0.182 nm for all atoms, with respect to this family. These studies confirm the previously qualitative NMR findings about the secondary structural features, viz. the presence of a short alpha-helix composed of residues 23-31 and an antiparallel beta-sheet composed of the strands of residues 1-5, 45-50 and 36-42. A cluster of aromatic ring systems is located on one side of the protein. The solution and crystal structures have similar overall features, but show some minor differences.
Removable user identity module (R-UIM) for ANSI based third generation systems (2002)

Removable user identity module (R-UIM) is widely deployed in GSM, known as SIM (subscriber identity module). It is expected that such R-ULM will be also available for ANSI based third generation systems. However, unlike GSM based systems, ANSI based systems have a potential issue so called MSID-ESN decoupling associated with deployment of R-UIM. This paper identifies this issue and proposes a network support scenario for third generation ANSI based R-UIM.
Prenatal Diagnosis Using DNA Polymorphisms (1983)

DNA polymorphisms are normal inherited variations in DNA that can often be used to document the inheritance of genes that produce disease. In this report we summarize our experience with prenatal diagnosis in 95 pregnancies in which the fetus was at risk for a hemoglobinopathy; the diagnosis was performed with use of DNA polymorphisms located so near the beta-globin gene that they are inherited along with that gene. Of the 95 pregnancies, 57 involved fetuses at risk for sickle-cell anemia, 32 fetuses at risk for beta-thalassemia, and 6 fetuses at risk for other beta-chain hemoglobinopathies. Diagnosis was achieved solely by analysis of DNA polymorphisms in cells recovered by amniocentesis in 82 cases (86 per cent) and was completed by fetoscopy and fetal-blood study in an additional 6 cases (6 per cent). Prenatal diagnosis was proved correct in all 78 cases that have been available for confirmation to date. Our experience demonstrates that DNA polymorphisms can be useful for the prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases in which the basic defect cannot be directly detected.
3D SHAPE RECONSTRUCTION OF HYBRID REFLECTANCE USING THE LMS ALGORITHM (2001)

In this paper, we present a new approach for determining the reflectance properties of surface and recovering 3D shapes from intensity images. We determine reflectance parameters which minimize the sum squared difference of the intensity distribution between the image of a sample sphere and the calculated image. The estimated reflectance parameters provide the range data with intensity distributions. Therefore, we generate three reference images of a range sphere, which has the same diameter as that of the sample, from the same viewpoint but with different light directions. Direct matching of the object images to the references can precisely reconstruct the shape of the object. This paper uses a plate diffuse illumination to alleviate the effects of specular spike and highlights. The simulation results show that the proposed method can estimate reflectance properties of the hybrid surface, and also recover the object shape.
Cimicifugae Rhizoma: From Origins, Bioactive Constituents to Clinical Outcomes (2006)

Cimicifugae Rhizoma, mainly originated from C. acerina, C. dahurica, C. foetida, C. heracleifolia, C. racemosa and C. simplex, has long been used in traditional medicine system. During the past 45 years, a lot of efforts have been dedicated to the studies on their bioactive constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical uses, and a variety of biological activities including relief of hot flash, anti-osteoporosis, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), antiinflammatory, antidiabetes, antimalaria and vasoactive property have been discovered. Although C. racemosa is widely applied to relieve menopause symptoms in clinic for its hormonal-like action, meaningfully, no estrogenic effect was confirmed up to date. The purpose of this paper is to systematically highlight these achievements and the further therapeutic potential. The origins and distributions of the rhizome are simply listed and phytochemical aspects including over 200 compounds mainly belonging to cycloartane-type triterpenoids have been summarized. The pharmacological characterizations, especially, as a clinically effective phytomedicine, the effects of the rhizoma on menopause symptoms and the clinical applications including possible mechanism have been reviewed in detail. Various in vivo, in vitro studies on the anti-bone resorption effects of the triterpenoids, together with structure-activity relationships are also incorporated to explore the therapeutic potential on osteoporosis, a major public health threat for postmenopausal women.
Context-Aware Instant Messenger with Integrated Scheduling Planner (2012)

The widely used instant messaging systems usually incorporate the same context awareness function that displays the current status of other users. There are many prototypes of context aware instant messenger program that already being developed and being tested in order to ensure the applications are able to display the users' status in a more reliable and accurate manner. However, the availability indicator provides by those instant messengers only useful for users who are planning to have communication with other users. This kind of context aware does not help users to use the instant messaging systems for another purpose such as to schedule an appointment with one of their contact list. The design of a Context-Aware Instant Messenger with Integrated Scheduling Planner system is proposed to cater the problems. The solution application is designed for all computer users especially for the staffs in organizations and universities students which will enable them to do any appointment via instant messaging system.
Multiple-valued logic design tools (2002)

A brief overview of past progress in multiple-valued logic design is presented. The methods are considered with respect to the likely development of multiple-valued field programmable gate arrays. Look-up table based arrays are considered in some detail and an algorithm for mapping multiple-valued functions to such an array is presented. This algorithm uses reduced order multiple-valued decision diagrams, an extension of R.E. Bryant's (1986) well-studied structure for binary functions. The algorithm works in the functional domain and does not require the synthesis and optimization of a conventional network prior to technology mapping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cutaneous candidiasis (1990)

Cutaneous candidiasis is a common fungal infection that can affect intertriginous or occluded areas, mucous membranes, the glabrous skin, and the nails. The diagnosis is confirmed by microscopic examination of a potassium hydroxide preparation, by Gram's stain or Polysciences Multiple Stain, or by culture when appropriate. Safe, simple, and effective treatment is available. Physical measures that promote dryness are helpful.
Kohlensuboxid in der präparativen Organischen Chemie (1974)

Obwohl seit fast 70 Jahren bekannt, wurde Kohlensuboxid bis etwa 1960 fast ausschließlich zur Herstellung einfacher Malonsäure-Derivate verwendet. Seitdem hat aber die Bedeutung dieses außergewöhnlichen „Bisketens”︁ in der Synthese (insbesondere heterocyclischer Verbindungen) ständig zugenommen. Dieser Fortschrittsbericht gibt einen Überblick über die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von C3O2 in der präparativen Organischen Chemie, einschließlich photochemischer Umsetzungen.
Impaired Recognition Memory in Monkeys after Damage Limited to the Hippocampal Region (2000)

Monkeys with lesions limited to the hippocampal region (the hippocampus proper, the dentate gyrus, and the subiculum) were impaired on two tasks of recognition memory: delayed nonmatching to sample and the visual paired-comparison task. Recognition memory was impaired in five different groups of monkeys, whether the lesions were made by an ischemic procedure, by radio frequency, or by ibotenic acid. The finding that the hippocampal region is essential for normal recognition memory performance is considered in the context of current ideas about the role of the hippocampus in declarative memory.
An investigation of the antimicrobial effects of linezolid on bacterial biofilms utilizing an in vitro pharmacokinetic model (2002)

Biofilms of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of coagulase-negative staphylococcus and glycopeptide-intermediate strains of S. aureus (GISA) were exposed to the oxazolidinone linezolid, and four comparator antibiotics (quinupristin/ dalfopristin, vancomycin, teicoplanin and ciprofloxacin) using a Sorbarod model. The effects of these antibiotics were assessed by monitoring the reduction in the number of cells eluted from the biofilms. The biofilms were exposed to the antibiotics by two methods. The first was an exponentially decreasing drug concentration method, where the rate of dilution was matched to the half-lives of the antibiotics and the initial concentration matched peak serum levels. The second was a constant drug concentration method, in which biofilms were exposed to antibiotics for 2 h, with the concentration of the antibiotic equalling the total amount of drug used in the exponentially decreasing method. The results indicate that linezolid produces a greater reduction in the number of cells eluted with the exponentially decreasing method compared with the constant concentration exposure against all strains tested except for one of the GISA strains, Mu 50. Overall, ciprofloxacin produced the greatest effects in the exponentially decreasing concentration experiments, but only against non-resistant strains. In the constant concentration exposure no one drug was responsible for the largest reductions in cell numbers observed. Linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin produced a reduction in the number of cells eluted from the biofilms of all of the strains tested in both methods of exposure and should be considered for further clinical studies of the treatment of staphylococcal biofilm-associated infections.
The Structure of a Cold-adapted Family 8 Xylanase at 1.3 Å Resolution (2003)

Enzymes from psychrophilic organisms differ from their mesophilic counterparts in having a lower thermostability and a higher specific activity at low and moderate temperatures. The current consensus is that they have an increased flexibility, enhancing accommodation and transformation of the substrates at low energy costs. Here we describe the structure of the xylanase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis at 1.3 A resolution. Xylanases are usually grouped into glycosyl hydrolase families 10 and 11, but this enzyme belongs to family 8. The fold differs from that of other known xylanases and can be described as an (alpha/alpha)(6) barrel. Various parameters that may explain the cold-adapted properties were examined and indicated that the protein has a reduced number of salt bridges and an increased exposure of hydrophobic residues. The crystal structures of a complex with xylobiose and of mutant D144N were obtained at 1.2 and 1.5 A resolution, respectively. Analysis of the various substrate binding sites shows that the +3 and -3 subsites are rearranged as compared to those of a family 8 homolog, while the xylobiose complex suggests the existence of a +4 subsite. A decreased acidity of the substrate binding cleft and an increased flexibility of aromatic residues lining the subsites may enhance the rate at which substrate is bound.
Competitive residual neural network for image classification (2019)

We propose a novel residual network called competitive residual network (CoRN) for image classification. The proposed network is composed of residual units having two identical blocks each containing convolutional filters, batch normalization, and a maxout unit. The maxout unit enables the competition among the convolutional filters and reduces the dimensionality of the convolutional layer. The proposed network outperforms the original residual network by a significant margin and test errors on benchmark datasets (CIFAR-10/100 and SVHN) are comparable to the state-of-the-art. Using the ensemble network, we achieve a test error of 3.85% on CIFAR-10, 18.17% on CIFAR-100 and 1.59% on SVHN.
Foreign English Accent Adjustment by Learning Phonetic Patterns (2018)

State-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems struggle with the lack of data for rare accents. For sufficiently large datasets, neural engines tend to outshine statistical models in most natural language processing problems. However, a speech accent remains a challenge for both approaches. Phonologists manually create general rules describing a speaker's accent, but their results remain underutilized. In this paper, we propose a model that automatically retrieves phonological generalizations from a small dataset. This method leverages the difference in pronunciation between a particular dialect and General American English (GAE) and creates new accented samples of words. The proposed model is able to learn all generalizations that previously were manually obtained by phonologists. We use this statistical method to generate a million phonological variations of words from the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary and train a sequence-to-sequence RNN to recognize accented words with 59% accuracy.
Characterization of Human Thrombospondin-4 (1995)

The thrombospondins are a family of extracellular calcium binding proteins that are involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration. We have sequenced full-length human thrombospondin-4 and characterized the recombinant protein. In contrast to Xenopus laevis thrombospondin-4, the human protein contains an RGD cell binding sequence in the third type 3 repeat. Transfection of mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts or C2C12 myoblasts with a full-length human thrombospondin-4 cDNA results in the expression of a polypeptide with a reduced molecular weight of 140,000. In the absence of reducing agent, the expressed protein has an apparent molecular weight of 550,000. Recombinant thrombospondin-4 has been purified from the culture supernatant by heparin-Sepharose and anti-thrombospondin-4 antibody-Affi-gel affinity chromatography. Electron microscopy indicates that thrombospondin-4 is composed of five subunits with globular domains at each end. The observation of a calcium-dependent change in the electron microscopic appearance of thrombospondin-4 is consistent with limited tryptic digestion data that indicate that thrombospondin-4 is resistant to digestion in the presence of calcium. These data indicate that thrombospondin-4 is a pentameric protein that binds to heparin and calcium.
Fiber-optical transmission between 0.8 and 1.4 &#181;m (1978)

The present state of the art and expected development in discrete components for fiber-optic transmission systems are reviewed. Predicted performance of fiber systems in the 0.85, 1.06, and 1.27 µm regions is presented, and the advantages of longer wavelength operation quantified. It is concluded that operation near 1.27 µm is particularly attractive for a) moderate data rate systems employing LED's and multimode fibers whose chromatic dispersion and attenuation are greatly reduced compared with 0.85 and 1.06 µm, and b) high data rate systems employing lasers and monomode fibers. In systems employing lasers and graded index multimode fibers, the advantage of 1.27 µm versus 1.06 µm operation is not as pronounced, although transmission distances at both of these longer wavelengths are significantly increased from those at 0.85 µm.
Open-access optical microcavities for lab-on-a-chip refractive index sensing (2014)

Open-access optical microcavities provide a novel approach to label-free lab-on-a-chip optofluidic sensing. They offer direct access to a highly confined electromagnetic field, and yield a femtoliter detection volume. This article describes the characteristics of these devices for refractive index sensing. We show that most of the ambient noise can be removed from the refractive index data by simultaneous tracking of resonances across an array of cavities. A sensitivity of 3.5 × 10(-4) RIU is demonstrated which corresponds to detecting the refractive index change caused by the presence of 500,000 glucose molecules in aqueous solution.
Bootstrapping Trust on a Homenet (2014)

A homenet must be aware of its borders, and the realms within those.
This document proposes an approach to bootstrap trust in such an
environment. The idea is to select one device as the trust anchor and
to enrol other devices into the domain. The result is the creation of
a domain of trust in the homenet, with a common trust anchor. This
trust model can subsequently be used to determine boundaries, and to
autonomically bootstrap network services.
Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Annuloplasty (2006)

Percutaneous implantation of a device intended to remodel the mitral annulus is feasible. Initial experience suggests a possible favorable effect on MR. Percutaneous transvenous mitral annuloplasty warrants further evaluation as a less invasive alternative to surgical annuloplasty.
Tourniquet Safety in Lower Leg Applications (2002)

Using a wide, contoured cuff at the calf should reduce required cuff pressures compared to a standard cuff. Setting cuff pressure based on LOP should further reduce cuff pressures for most patients compared to typically used pressures. With continued development, the new automatic method may become a viable alternative to the Doppler method and may make LOP measurement more practical in the clinical setting.
Unified particle physics for real-time applications (2014)

We present a unified dynamics framework for real-time visual effects. Using particles connected by constraints as our fundamental building block allows us to treat contact and collisions in a unified manner, and we show how this representation is flexible enough to model gases, liquids, deformable solids, rigid bodies and cloth with two-way interactions. We address some common problems with traditional particle-based methods and describe a parallel constraint solver based on position-based dynamics that is efficient enough for real-time applications.
Room temperature continuous wave operation of quantum cascade lasers with 12.5% wall plug efficiency (2008)

An InP based quantum cascade laser heterostructure emitting at 4.6μm was grown with gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. The wafer was processed into a conventional double-channel ridge waveguide geometry with ridge widths of 19.7 and 10.6μm without semi-insulating InP regrowth. An uncoated, narrow ridge device with a 4.8mm cavity length was epilayer down bonded to a diamond submount and exhibits 2.5W maximum output power with a wall plug efficiency of 12.5% at room temperature in continuous wave operation.
Microstructure of Zr containing NdFeB (1997)

Simultaneous additions of Co, Al, and Zr to Nd(Dy)FeB alloys substantially improve the coercivity and corrosion resistance, and somewhat increases the Curie temperature. It was found that the microstructure of starting materials affects the final magnetic properties of the resulting sintered magnets. A cast ingot having /spl alpha/-Fe with Nd/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B, Nd-rich and Zr-rich phases has generated higher coercivity than a homogenized ingot without /spl alpha/-Fe. This may be explained by the grain boundary phase change of the resulting sintered magnets.
Michael Elliott's billion dollar crystals and other discoveries in insecticide chemistry (2010)

The crowning achievement for Michael Elliott came in 1973 when his most outstanding candidate insecticide from 25 years of research crystallized from hexane solution. The stereochemically pure crystalline compound was the most potent synthetic insecticide ever made until that time, and it was highly selective for insects compared with mammals. It was given the name deltamethrin. Sequential stereospecific crystallization to isolate the most potent epimer and base-catalyzed racemization of the remaining less active isomer could be used to produce deltamethrin efficiently on a large scale; it became the billion dollar crystals. Elliott's discoveries at Rothamsted in England with Norman Janes and David Pulman of resmethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin and ultimately deltamethrin provided crop protection and malaria control for millions of people. Michael also laid the background for lipophilic amide, dithiane and other insecticides and nerve probes that are not involved in pyrethroid cross-resistance. Some aspects of these investigations were best conducted at Berkeley, where Michael studied pyrethrins in 1969, synthetic pyrethroids in 1974 and alternative insecticides in 1986-1988. This review considers Michael's seminal discoveries in insecticide chemistry, with emphasis on his Berkeley years.