gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fc Receptors as Adaptive Immunoreceptors (2014)

Most biological activities of antibodies depend on their ability to engage Receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulins (FcRs) on a variety of cell types. As FcRs can trigger positive and negative signals, as these signals control several biological activities in individual cells, as FcRs are expressed by many cells of hematopoietic origin, mostly of the myeloid lineage, as these cells express various combinations of FcRs, and as FcR-expressing cells have different functional repertoires, antibodies can exert a wide spectrum of biological activities. Like B and T Cell Receptors (BCRs and TCRs), FcRs are bona fide immunoreceptors. Unlike BCRs and TCRs, however, FcRs are immunoreceptors with an adaptive specificity for antigen, with an adaptive affinity for antibodies, with an adaptive structure and with an adaptive signaling. They induce adaptive biological responses that depend on their tissue distribution and on FcR-expressing cells that are selected locally by antibodies. They critically determine health and disease. They are thus exquisitely adaptive therapeutic tools.
Including aortic valve morphology in computational fluid dynamics simulations: Initial findings and application to aortic coarctation (2012)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations quantifying thoracic aortic flow patterns have not included disturbances from the aortic valve (AoV). 80% of patients with aortic coarctation (CoA) have a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) which may cause adverse flow patterns contributing to morbidity. Our objectives were to develop a method to account for the AoV in CFD simulations, and quantify its impact on local hemodynamics. The method developed facilitates segmentation of the AoV, spatiotemporal interpolation of segments, and anatomic positioning of segments at the CFD model inlet. The AoV was included in CFD model examples of a normal (tricuspid AoV) and a post-surgical CoA patient (BAV). Velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), and oscillatory shear index (OSI) results were compared to equivalent simulations using a plug inlet profile. The plug inlet greatly underestimated TKE for both examples. TAWSS differences extended throughout the thoracic aorta for the CoA BAV, but were limited to the arch for the normal example. OSI differences existed mainly in the ascending aorta for both cases. The impact of AoV can now be included with CFD simulations to identify regions of deleterious hemodynamics thereby advancing simulations of the thoracic aorta one step closer to reality.
The GrImage Platform: A Mixed Reality Environment for Interactions (2006)

In this paper, we present a scalable architecture to compute, visualize and interact with 3D dynamic models of real scenes. This architecture is designed for mixed reality applications requiring such dynamic models, tele-immersion for instance. Our system consists in 3 main parts: the acquisition, based on standard firewire cameras; the computation, based on a distribution scheme over a cluster of PC and using a recent shape-from-silhouette algorithm which leads to optimally precise 3D models; the visualization, which is achieved on a multiple display wall. The proposed distribution scheme ensures scalability of the system and hereby allows control over the number of cameras used for acquisition, the frame-rate, or the number of projectors used for high resolution visualization. To our knowledge this is the first completely scalable vision architecture for real time 3D modeling, from acquisition to visualization through computation. Experimental results show that this framework is very promising for real time 3D interactions.
IP Multimedia Relay Architectures with Multi-RAT Support in LTE-Advanced Wireless Network (2013)

LTE/LTE-Advanced is the competing leader of access network technology in 4G wireless networks. LTE is one of 3GPP standards, and furthermore LTE and LTE-Advanced are developed by 3GPP which are organized by telecommunication manufacturers and operators. Moreover, LTE and LTE-Advanced are backward compatible with 3G/UMTS cellular systems. To improve radio resource utilization, simultaneously deploying Multiple Radio Access Technologies (Multi-RATs) in a given coverage area, to carry the complete offered user traffic, provides a superior user experience. The LTE-Advanced has added a new entity called relay node (RN) to enlarge service coverage and provides flexibility of deployment. If RN can support Multi-RATs including UMTS, IEEE 802.11 and 802.16, the LTE-advanced system can provide more flexible IP multimedia services. However, the virtualization system architecture for Multi-RAT support is still under development. This paper focuses on integrated architecture design by which RN can provide services for both UMTS UEs and LTE UEs. Two novel architectures (Arch-A and Arch-B) with three useful alternatives respectively, namely Alt_1, Alt_2 and Alt_3 are presented in this paper. As shown in the protocol stacks, our proposed approaches can integrate the services of 3G UMTS and 4G LTE-Advanced wireless network. Thus, the transition between 3G and 4G is more easily achieved between our proposed novel Alt_1, Alt_2 and Alt_3 alternatives based on two architectures via IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS).
Graphite Polyhedral Crystals (2000)

Polyhedral nano- and microstructures with shapes of faceted needles, rods, rings, barrels, and double-tipped pyramids, which we call graphite polyhedral crystals (GPCs), have been discovered. They were found in pores of glassy carbon. They have nanotube cores and graphite faces, and they can exhibit unusual sevenfold, ninefold, or more complex axial symmetry. Although some are giant radially extended nanotubes, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy suggest GPCs have a degree of perfection higher than in multiwall nanotubes of similar size. The crystals are up to 1 micrometer in cross section and 5 micrometers in length, and they can probably be grown in much larger sizes. Preliminary results suggest a high electrical conductivity, strength, and chemical stability of GPC.
Zur Beziehung zwischen dem röntgenographischen und dem arithmetischen Mittelwert der Teilchengrößen (1947)

Abstract Es wird gezeigt, daß der röntgenographische Mittelwert der Teilchengrößen eines aus würfelförmigen Teilchen bestehenden Kristallpulvers unter bestimmten physikalischen Voraussetzungen stets größer als der arithmetische Mittelwert der Teilchengrößen sein muß, wie auch immer die Verteilungsfunktion der Teilchengrößen beschaffen sein mag. Die Dimensionen der Teilchen einer
Epidemiology and burden of nasal congestion (2010)

Nasal congestion, which may be described as fullness, obstruction, reduced airflow, or being "stuffed up," is a commonly encountered symptom in clinical practice. Systematic study of congestion has largely considered it as a component of a disease state. Conditions associated with congestion include nasal polyposis, obstructive sleep apnea, and anatomic variation; however, most information on the burden of congestion comes from studies of allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, diseases of which congestion is the major symptom. Congestion can be caused by other rhinologic conditions, such as non-allergic rhinitis, viral or bacterial rhinitis, and vasomotor rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis affects as much as one quarter of the population worldwide and imposes a significant economic burden. Additionally, allergic rhinitis significantly impairs quality of life; congestion causes allergic rhinitis sufferers decreased daytime productivity at work or school and reduces night-time sleep time and quality. Annually, rhinosinusitis affects tens of millions of Americans and leads to approximately $6 billion in overall health care expenditures; it has been found to be one of the most costly physical conditions for US employers. Given the high prevalence and significant social and economic burden of nasal congestion, this symptom should be a key consideration in treating patients with rhinologic disease, and there continues to be a significant unmet medical need for effective treatment options for this condition.
Conserved Domains of Subtype C Nef from South African HIV Type 1-Infected Individuals Include Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitope-Rich Regions (2001)

We have characterized 43 nef sequences from subtype C HIV-1-infected South Africans and compared deduced amino acid sequences with other subtypes to identify areas of conservation. Our Nef amino acid sequences were aligned with a consensus subtype B, HXB2 reference strain and a consensus subtype C sequence. All were found to be highly homologous to subtype B in the central region of Nef, but more variable at the N and C termini of the molecule. Alignment of a consensus amino acid sequence generated from South African subtype C Nef with subtypes A, B, and D underscores cross-clade conservation in the central domain of the molecule. This domain is also rich in previously described cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes that are restricted by commonly found HLA molecules in the South African population.
Membrane distributed-reflector laser integrated with SiOx-based spot-size converter on Si substrate (2016)

We demonstrate monolithic integration of a 50-μm-long-cavity membrane distributed-reflector laser with a spot-size converter, consisting of a tapered InP wire waveguide and an SiOx waveguide, on SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrate. The device exhibits 9.4-GHz/mA<sup>0.5</sup> modulation efficiency with a 2.2-dB fiber coupling loss. We demonstrate 25.8-Gbit/s direct modulation with a bias current of 2.5 mA, resulting in a low energy cost of 132 fJ/bit.
Graz-BCI: state of the art and clinical applications (2003)

The Graz-brain-computer interface (BCI) is a cue-based system using the imagery of motor action as the appropriate mental task. Relevant clinical applications of BCI-based systems for control of a virtual keyboard device and operations of a hand orthosis are reported. Additionally, it is demonstrated how information transfer rates of 17 b/min can be acquired by real time classification of oscillatory activity.
Protease Inhibitors: Synthesis of L-Alanine Hydroxamate Sulfonylated Derivatives as Inhibitors of<i>Clostridium Histolyticum</i>Collagenase (2000)

L-alanine hydroxamate derivatives were obtained by reaction of alkyl/arylsulfonyl halides with L-alanine, followed by treatment with benzyl chloride, and conversion of the COOH moiety to the CONHOH group with hydroxylamine in the presence of carbodiimides. Other derivatives were obtained by reaction of N-benzyl-alanine with aryl isocyanates, arylsulfonyl isocyanates or benzoyl isothiocyanate, followed by a similar conversion of the COOH to the CONHOH moiety. The obtained compounds were assayed as inhibitors of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase, ChC (EC 3.4.24.3), a zinc enzyme which degrades triple helical collagen. The hydroxamate derivatives were generally 100-500 times more active than the corresponding carboxylates. In the series of synthesized derivatives, substitution patterns leading to the most potent ChC inhibitors were those involving perfluoroalkylsulfonyl- and substituted-arylsulfonyl moieties, such as pentafluorophenylsulfonyl, 3- and 4-protected-aminophenylsulfonyl-, 3- and 4-carboxy-phenylsulfonyl-, 3-trifluoromethyl-phenylsulfonyl-, or 1- and 2-naphthylsulfonyl among others. Similarly to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) hydroxamate inhibitors, ChC inhibitors of the type reported here must incorporate hydrophobic moieties at the P(2') and P(3') sites, in order to achieve tight binding to the enzyme.
Bioavailability of Phenytoin Acid and Phenytoin Sodium with Enteral Feedings (1998)

The absolute bioavailability of the two dosage forms of PHT administered with concomitant enteral feedings were not significantly different, however, the absorption patterns were significantly different, with the sodium solution being more rapidly absorbed.
A Low-Stress Insulating Film on Silicon by Chemical Vapor Deposition (1968)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation C. M. Drum, M. J. Rand; A Low‐Stress Insulating Film on Silicon by Chemical Vapor Deposition. Journal of Applied Physics 1 August 1968; 39 (9): 4458–4459. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1656991 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioJournal of Applied Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
An FFE Transmitter Which Automatically and Adaptively Relaxes Impedance Matching (2018)

This paper proposes the first feed-forward equalizing transmitter (Tx) which adaptively relaxes impedance matching. Using an on-chip time-domain reflectometer monitor, the Tx accurately detects the impedances of the channel and the receiver (Rx), and then automatically configures its termination impedance to maximize the received signal by optimally relaxing the constraint of impedance matching at the cost of a negligible penalty in signal integrity. The Tx is universally compatible with arbitrary impedances of channels and Rxs, and achieves better performance and power efficiency than the conventional Tx with impedance matching. The proposed Tx was fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology. The Tx successfully adapted to any combination of a channel impedance of 35-75 Ω and a receiver impedance of 30-200 Ω. When the impedance matching of the Tx is adaptively and optimally relaxed, the eye size and the power efficiency are improved by up to 3.8 times and 2 times, respectively, compared with the conventional Tx. These results verify that the proposed Tx can adapt to various impedances of the channel and the receiver while achieving better performance and power efficiency than the conventional Tx with impedance matching.
Estimation of Toxic Metals in Milk Collected from Lactating Mothers in Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. (2015)

The objective of the study was to assess the concentration of heavy metals like Zn, Ni, Fe, Cd and Pb in human milk. Human milk was obtained from lactating mothers. Breast milk samples were collected from thirty lactating mothers below the age of forty who patronize the post natal clinic of Karak Government district hospital. The samples were obtained by self-milking into sterilized polyethylene bottles and well labeled. Few drops of 0.1M trichloroacetic acid were added to the sample and the aqueous layer was heated at 500 ° C for one hour. After ashing, it was digested with 0.5 M HNO3 and the metals were analyzed using an AAS (Perkin Elmer 400).The study showed that most of the samples were found to have Pb below detection limit, and ranged between 0.006 -0.269. Cadmium was not detected throughout the study. The mean Nickel concentration was found to be 0.545μg/L and ranged between 0.004-0.745μg/. From the analysis it was concluded that heavy metals in human milk do not exceed the permissible limit, so it is safe to lactate child in the selected community.
Evaluation of Capacitor Ratios in Automated Accurate Common-Centroid Capacitor Arrays (2005)

In this paper, design and measurement results of a test chip that intends to evaluate differences between layout techniques for rectangular unit-capacitor arrays are introduced. Precision capacitor ratios are compared using a switched-capacitor biquad and a pseudo-floating gate configuration. The test chip is used to evaluate the effectiveness of an automatic common-centroid capacitor array generation tool with arbitrary capacitor ratios. Results indicate significant improvements in ratio accuracy, which have a direct impact on a wide range of applications such as filters for wireless communications, hard drives, and high precision baseband processing.
Predicting Electrophoretic Mobility of Protein–Ligand Complexes for Ligands from DNA-Encoded Libraries of Small Molecules (2016)

Selection of target-binding ligands from DNA-encoded libraries of small molecules (DELSMs) is a rapidly developing approach in drug-lead discovery. Methods of kinetic capillary electrophoresis (KCE) may facilitate highly efficient homogeneous selection of ligands from DELSMs. However, KCE methods require accurate prediction of electrophoretic mobilities of protein-ligand complexes. Such prediction, in turn, requires a theory that would be applicable to DNA tags of different structures used in different DELSMs. Here we present such a theory. It utilizes a model of a globular protein connected, through a single point (small molecule), to a linear DNA tag containing a combination of alternating double-stranded and single-stranded DNA (dsDNA and ssDNA) regions of varying lengths. The theory links the unknown electrophoretic mobility of protein-DNA complex with experimentally determined electrophoretic mobilities of the protein and DNA. Mobility prediction was initially tested by using a protein interacting with 18 ligands of various combinations of dsDNA and ssDNA regions, which mimicked different DELSMs. For all studied ligands, deviation of the predicted mobility from the experimentally determined value was within 11%. Finally, the prediction was tested for two proteins and two ligands with a DNA tag identical to those of DELSM manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline. Deviation between the predicted and experimentally determined mobilities did not exceed 5%. These results confirm the accuracy and robustness of our model, which makes KCE methods one step closer to their practical use in selection of drug leads, and diagnostic probes from DELSMs.
Activation of MAP kinases by 5-fluorouracil in a 5-fluorouracil-resistant variant human cell line derived from a KT breast cancer cell line. (1998)

To investigate the mechanism of the acquired resistance of human cells to an anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a drug-resistant clone, KTFU-4, was isolated from a human KT breast carcinoma cell line, treated with ethylmethanesulfonate and then with 5-FU. The viability of the KT cells, analyzed using an MTT assay, was suppressed by 5-FU in a dose-dependent manner, while that of the KTFU-4 cells was enhanced by it at concentrations between 0.1 and 1.0 microgram/ml. Treatment of KTFU-4 cells with 5-FU resulted in increased amounts of activated phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases, but not in the parent KT cells. It is thus possible that 5-FU stimulated the proliferation of KTFU-4 cells by activating a signal transduction pathway leading to cell growth.
Multiprotein complex containing succinate dehydrogenase confers mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K <sup>+</sup> channel activity (2004)

The mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K + (mitoK ATP ) channel plays a central role in protection of cardiac and neuronal cells against ischemia and apoptosis, but its molecular structure is unknown. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is inhibited by mitoK ATP activators, fueling the contrary view that SDH, rather than mitoK ATP , is the target of cardioprotective drugs. Here, we report that SDH forms part of mitoK ATP functionally and structurally. Four mitochondrial proteins [mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette protein 1 (mABC1), phosphate carrier, adenine nucleotide translocator, and ATP synthase] associate with SDH. A purified IM fraction containing these proteins was reconstituted into proteoliposomes and lipid bilayers and shown to confer mitoK ATP channel activity. This channel activity is sensitive not only to mitoK ATP activators and blockers but also to SDH inhibitors. These results reconcile the controversy over the basis of ischemic preconditioning by demonstrating that SDH is a component of mitoK ATP as part of a macromolecular supercomplex. The findings also provide a tangible clue as to the structural basis of mitoK ATP channels.
OpenNMT System Description for WNMT 2018: 800 words/sec on a single-core CPU (2018)

We present a system description of the OpenNMT Neural Machine Translation entry for the WNMT 2018 evaluation. In this work, we developed a heavily optimized NMT inference model targeting a high-performance CPU system. The final system uses a combination of four techniques, all of them leading to significant speed-ups in combination: (a) sequence distillation, (b) architecture modifications, (c) pre-computation, particularly of vocabulary, and (d) CPU targeted quantization. This work achieves the fastest performance of the shared task, and led to the development of new features that have been integrated to OpenNMT and made available to the community.
IFN-γ signaling maintains skin pigmentation homeostasis through regulation of melanosome maturation (2014)

Cellular homeostasis is an outcome of complex interacting processes with nonlinear feedbacks that can span distinct spatial and temporal dimensions. Skin tanning is one such dynamic response that maintains genome integrity of epidermal cells. Although pathways underlying hyperpigmentation cascade are recognized, negative feedback regulatory loops that can dampen the activated melanogenesis process are not completely understood. In this study, we delineate a regulatory role of IFN-γ in skin pigmentation biology. We show that IFN-γ signaling impedes maturation of the key organelle melanosome by concerted regulation of several pigmentation genes. Withdrawal of IFN-γ signal spontaneously restores normal cellular programming. This effect in melanocytes is mediated by IFN regulatory factor-1 and is not dependent on the central regulator microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Chronic IFN-γ signaling shows a clear hypopigmentation phenotype in both mouse and human skin. Interestingly, IFN-γ KO mice display a delayed recovery response to restore basal state of epidermal pigmentation after UV-induced tanning. Together, our studies delineate a new spatiotemporal role of the IFN-γ signaling network in skin pigmentation homeostasis, which could have implications in various cutaneous depigmentary and malignant disorders.
Development and Field Results of a Unique Drilling Fluid Designed for Heavy Oil Sands Drilling (2005)

Abstract Drilling Heavy Oil Sands are traditionally fraught with many technical challenges. Stability of the wellbore, accretion of the tar on drill string and solids control equipment, torque-drag considerations, extreme temperature conditions, as well as the handling of oily solids are just some of the challenges that need to be met. This paper describes the development and testing of a new drilling fluid designed to meet these challenges. The water-based fluid is based upon two guiding principles, the ability to incorporate the bitumen into the mud itself, and the capability of the system to later break the bitumen from the mud system. Incorporation of the bitumen into the mud is via a direct emulsification and results in zero accretion, virtually oil-free sand from the solids control equipment, fast drilling rates and good hole stability. The post drilling breaker allows for the oil/bitumen/tar to be skimmed from the surface of the drilling fluid allowing for conventional disposal of the liquid fraction. Data from a six well horizontal heavy oil program in Northeastern Alberta shows the robustness and effectiveness of the system. The new oil in water direct emulsion system drilled 1100 meter average horizontal wells 35% faster, when compared to conventional inhibition salt technology based drilling fluids. Highlights include sand from centrifuging operation containing &lt; 0.5% oil, elimination of accretion and common foaming problems, fluid reuse from well-to-well, as well as simple land disposal of liquid mud wastes. Total well costs, drilling fluids costs and disposal costs were significantly less than those wells drilled with conventionally inhibited drilling fluid systems.