gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable thiophene sulfoxides (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable thiophene sulfoxidesWilliam L. MockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 26, 7610–7612Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00729a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00729a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views495Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coaxial Underwater Mateable Connectors - A New Technology for Seafloor Structure Applications. (1979)

As part of the Deep Ocean Technology Program, an underwater-mateable coaxial connector for SD list 1 cable has been developed. The CEL-3 series connector includes the following features: oil-filled, pressure compensated, coaxial throughout, full cable breaking strength, both manipulator and diver compatibility, unlimited depth operability, and estimated 10- to 20-year life. Four complete units and several subsystem mockups have been built and thoroughly laboratory-tested. Limited field tests and at-sea demonstrations have also been conducted, culminating in a 2-year, 6,000-foot demonstration of the CEL-3B prototype. After minor modifications and debugging, the prototype CEL-3B met all performance requirements, including impedance matching to within 2%, 6,000-bolt DC operations pressure testing and wet mating to 5,500 psig, mating by submersible, unmating under 10,000 pounds of tension, and sustained submergence without degradation. The variety of designs tested provides a basis for extending the CEL-3 series concept to a wide range of applications - from deep ocean cable repair to modular assembly of advanced ocean cable structures. (Author)
Measurement of saccadic eye movements by electrooculography for simultaneous EEG recording (2019)

Eye movements are an important index of the neural functions of visual information processing, decision making, visuomotor coordination, sports performance, and so forth. However, the available optical tracking methods are impractical in many situations, such as the wearing of eyeglasses or the presence of ophthalmic disorders, and this can be overcome by accurate recording of eye movements by electrooculography (EOG). In this study we recorded eye movements by EOG simultaneously with high-density electroencephalogram (EEG) recording using a 128-channel EGI electrode net at a 500-Hz sampling rate, including appropriate facial electrodes. The participants made eye movements over a calibration target consisting of a 5×5 grid of stimulus targets. The results showed that the EOG methodology allowed accurate analysis of the amplitude and direction of the fixation locations and saccadic dynamics with a temporal resolution of 500 Hz, under both cued and uncued analysis regimes. Blink responses could be identified separately and were shown to have a more complex source derivation than has previously been recognized. The results also showed that the EOG signals recorded through the EEG net can achieve results as accurate as typical optical eye-tracking devices, and also allow for simultaneous assessment of neural activity during all types of eye movements. Moreover, the EOG method effectively avoids the technical difficulties related to eye-tracker positioning and the synchronization between EEG and eye movements. We showed that simultaneous EOG/EEG recording is a convenient means of measuring eye movements, with an accuracy comparable to that of many specialized eye-tracking systems.
Computational and experimental platform for understanding and optimizing water flux and salt rejection in nanoporous membranes. (2010)

Affordable clean water is both a global and a national security issue as lack of it can cause death, disease, and international tension. Furthermore, efficient water filtration reduces the demand for energy, another national issue. The best current solution to clean water lies in reverse osmosis (RO) membranes that remove salts from water with applied pressure, but widely used polymeric membrane technology is energy intensive and produces water depleted in useful electrolytes. Furthermore incremental improvements, based on engineering solutions rather than new materials, have yielded only modest gains in performance over the last 25 years. We have pursued a creative and innovative new approach to membrane design and development for cheap desalination membranes by approaching the problem at the molecular level of pore design. Our inspiration comes from natural biological channels, which permit faster water transport than current reverse osmosis membranes and selectively pass healthy ions. Aiming for an order-of-magnitude improvement over mature polymer technology carries significant inherent risks. The success of our fundamental research effort lies in our exploiting, extending, and integrating recent advances by our team in theory, modeling, nano-fabrication and platform development. A combined theoretical and experimental platform has been developed to understand the interplay between water flux and ion rejection in precisely-defined nano-channels. Our innovative functionalization of solid state nanoporous membranes with organic protein-mimetic polymers achieves 3-fold improvement in water flux over commercial RO membranes and has yielded a pending patent and industrial interest. Our success has generated useful contributions to energy storage, nanoscience, and membrane technology research and development important for national health and prosperity.
Silicon IQ Modulator for Next-Generation Metro Network (2015)

Silicon photonics have been extensively demonstrated as the promising solution for low-cost and high-performance transmission network. We show that silicon Mach-Zehnder IQ modulators are capable for next-generation metro network applications. The transmission distances cover whole metro transmission range, up to 960 km. We experimentally demonstrated different modulation formats for different scenarios with these modulators. For 320-km transmission, 56 Gb/s single-sideband discrete multitone transmission was achieved. For 480 km, 80 × 453.2-Gb/s polarization division multiplexing (PDM) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing hybrid 8-64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) dense wavelength division multiplexing signals transmission was achieved. Finally, 80 × 337.9-Gb/s transmission of Nyquist-WDM PDM-16QAM was achieved for 960 km.
Clinical and Ultrasound Parameters to Predict the Risk of Cesarean Delivery After Induction of Labor (2006)

II-2.
The Reformatsky Reaction in Syntheses of ι,ι-Diarylalkanoic Acids and Related Compounds<sup>1,2</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reformatsky Reaction in Syntheses of ι,ι-Diarylalkanoic Acids and Related Compounds1,2L. H. KLEMM and G. M. BOWERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 3, 344–348Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01097a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01097a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the Mechanisms of Potentiation of Local Anesthetics by Bicarbonate Buffer (1993)

Impulse inhibition by local anesthetics (LAs) is potentiated by extracellular solutions containing HCO3-. CO2 (BC), relative to the inhibition in BC-free solutions at the same pH. We studied the mechanistic basis of this potentiation by assaying compound action potential amplitudes in desheathed frog sciatic nerves with the sucrose-gap method. We compared the potencies of 12 different impulse-blocking agents in Ringer's buffered with BC (BC-R) and in Ringer's containing only atmospheric CO2 and buffered by a zwitterionic compound (3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid-Ringer's). The relative inhibition produced by an agent in BC divided by the inhibition produced in 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid, was defined as the potentiation factor (PF). The organic guanidinium blockers of sodium channels, tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin, which act at a different site from that for LAs, were, by our definition, nominally potentiated (PF = 1.33 +/- 0.04, mean +/- SEM, n = 4, and 1.24 +/- 0.07, n = 10, respectively), implying that BC induces a decrease in the safety margin for impulse conduction, a decrease that cannot itself alone account for the much larger potentiation (PF = 5-8) by BC observed with certain LAs. Only nominal potentiations occurred with charged LAs (PF = 1.15), showing that little direct potentiation of the cationic LA species per se occurs. Inhibition by the permanently neutral LA benzocaine had a significantly larger than nominal potentiation (PF = 1.8) showing that BC can potentiate neutral LAs. Among the tertiary amine LAs, potentiation of ester-linked drugs (procaine, RAG505; PF = 3.9, 5.4, respectively), exceeded that of their amide-linked homologues (procainamide, lidocaine; PF = 1.3, 2.8, respectively) which have higher pKa values. This result is consistent with an ion trapping mechanism whereby CO2 acidifies the axoplasm and thereby increases the concentration of protonated LA inside the nerve fibers. However, slight differences in the molecular structure of 3 degrees-amine LAs with similar pKa values resulted in significantly different potentiations (e.g., procaine, PF = 3.9; 2-chloroprocaine, PF = 8.7), suggesting that the HCO3- or CO2 molecules interact specifically with the LA molecule or with LA binding sites in the nerve membrane. Spectrophotometric measurements of the free [Ca2+] in Ringer's showed it to be similar (+/- 0.03 mM) for both buffers, obviating changes in extracellular Ca2+ as a mechanism of BC potentiation. The resting potential of the nerve was slightly more negative (approximately -4 mV) in BC-R, so membrane depolarization cannot explain the potentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Infant speech perception activates Broca's area: a developmental magnetoencephalography study (2006)

Discriminative responses to tones, harmonics, and syllables in the left hemisphere were measured with magnetoencephalography in neonates, 6-month-old infants, and 12-month-old infants using the oddball paradigm. Real-time head position tracking, signal space separation, and head position standardization were applied to secure quality data for source localization. Minimum current estimates were calculated to characterize infants' cortical activities for detecting sound changes. The activation patterns observed in the superior temporal and inferior frontal regions provide initial evidence for the developmental emergence early in life of a perceptual-motor link for speech perception that may depend on experience.
Acute Myocardial Infarction and Pulmonary Diseases Result in Two Different Degradation Profiles of Elastin as Quantified by Two Novel ELISAs (2013)

The ELM-2 neoepitope was related to AMI whereas the ELM neoepitope was related to pulmonary diseases. These results indicate that elastin neoepitopes generated by the same proteases but at different amino acid sites provide different tissue-related information depending on the disease in question.
c-myc Gene amplification in primary stomach cancer. (1985)

Fourteen human primary stomach cancer tissues were screened by Southern blot hybridization using six oncogene probes (myc, myb, H-ras, K-ras, abl, mos), and an amplification of c-myc oncogene was found in one tissue. This is the first report of c-onc amplification in primary stomach cancer tissue.
A Mouse <i>PRMT1</i> Null Allele Defines an Essential Role for Arginine Methylation in Genome Maintenance and Cell Proliferation (2009)

Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is the major enzyme that generates monomethylarginine and asymmetrical dimethylarginine. We report here a conditional null allele of PRMT1 in mice and that the loss of PRMT1 expression leads to embryonic lethality. Using the Cre/lox-conditional system, we show that the loss of PRMT1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) leads to the loss of arginine methylation of substrates harboring a glycine-arginine rich motif, including Sam68 and MRE11. The loss of PRMT1 in MEFs leads to spontaneous DNA damage, cell cycle progression delay, checkpoint defects, aneuploidy, and polyploidy. We show using a 4-hydroxytamoxifen-inducible Cre that the loss of PRMT1 in MEFs leads to a higher incidence of chromosome losses, gains, structural rearrangements, and polyploidy, as documented by spectral karyotyping. Using PRMT1 small interfering RNA in U2OS cells, we further show that PRMT1-deficient cells are hypersensitive to the DNA damaging agent etoposide and exhibit a defect in the recruitment of the homologous recombination RAD51 recombinase to DNA damage foci. Taken together, these data show that PRMT1 is required for genome integrity and cell proliferation. Our findings also suggest that arginine methylation by PRMT1 is a key posttranslational modification in the DNA damage response pathway in proliferating mammalian cells.
New architecture for intra-domain network security issues (2006)

Developing an effective platform for deterring network attacks.
The RgpA-Kgp Proteinase-Adhesin Complexes of<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>Inactivate the Th2 Cytokines Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-5 (2009)

The RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complexes are a primary virulence factor of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen in the development of chronic periodontitis. The RgpA-Kgp complexes have been suggested to bias the immune response to a Th2 phenotype in disease by hydrolysis of Th1 cytokines. Here, we show that the RgpA-Kgp complexes hydrolyze and inactivate interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 under physiologically relevant conditions. Using the IL-4/IL-5-dependent TF1.8 T-cell line, it was found that at equimolar ratios of cytokine to RgpA-Kgp complexes, IL-4 and IL-5 were inactivated in the culture medium. The inactivation of IL-4 and IL-5 was RgpA-Kgp concentration dependent, as at an enzyme-to-cytokine molar ratio of 1:8, the bioactivity of the cytokines was greater than at the higher concentration of RgpA-Kgp of 1:1. Furthermore, inactivation of the cytokines by the RgpA-Kgp complexes was time dependent, as longer preincubation times resulted in lower cytokine activity. IL-5 was found to be slightly more resistant to inactivation than IL-4. Mass spectrometric analyses of IL-4 and IL-5 showed that hydrolysis by RgpA-Kgp complexes was C terminal to Arg and Lys residues of the cytokines. The peptides released indicated that the regions of IL-4 and IL-5 important for bioactivity were being hydrolyzed in the first 15 min of incubation. The ability of the RgpA-Kgp complexes to degrade Th2 cytokines may contribute to immune dysregulation and may play a role in the pathology of chronic periodontitis.
Tight nanoscale clustering of Fcγ receptors using DNA origami promotes phagocytosis (2021)

Macrophages destroy pathogens and diseased cells through Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-driven phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets. Phagocytosis requires activation of multiple FcγRs, but the mechanism controlling the threshold for response is unclear. We developed a DNA origami-based engulfment system that allows precise nanoscale control of the number and spacing of ligands. When the number of ligands remains constant, reducing ligand spacing from 17.5 nm to 7 nm potently enhances engulfment, primarily by increasing efficiency of the engulfment-initiation process. Tighter ligand clustering increases receptor phosphorylation, as well as proximal downstream signals. Increasing the number of signaling domains recruited to a single ligand-receptor complex was not sufficient to recapitulate this effect, indicating that clustering of multiple receptors is required. Our results suggest that macrophages use information about local ligand densities to make critical engulfment decisions, which has implications for the mechanism of antibody-mediated phagocytosis and the design of immunotherapies.
Splitting and internalization of the desmosomes of cultured kidney epithelial cells by reduction in calcium concentration (1986)

Desmosome assembly may be induced in simple epithelial (MDBK and MDCK) cells maintained in low calcium medium (LCM: [Ca2+] less than 0.05 mM) by raising [Ca2+] to that of standard culture medium (SM: [Ca2+] = 1.8 mM). Here it is shown that if cells in SM are simply returned to LCM, their desmosomes split in the intercellular region within 15 min and the desmosomal halves are internalized within 30 min. This is the first time that desmosome splitting has been shown to occur in response to a reduction in [Ca2+] rather than Ca2+ chelation. Fluorescent antibody staining shows that the desmosomal glycoproteins as well as the plaque constituents are internalized, although a pool of the glycoproteins known as desmocollins remains at the cell surface, apparently unassociated with other desmosomal components. Desmosomal halves that have been recently internalized in response to LCM treatment do not return to the cell surface to participate in new desmosome formation. MDCK cells are able to form new desmosomes rapidly (15-30 min) while old desmosomes continue to be internalized. The desmosomes of MDBK cells remain sensitive to splitting and internalization in response to reduction in [Ca2+] for up to 14 days of culture in SM. In contrast, the desmosomes of MDCK cells become resistant to reduction in [Ca2+], as well as Ca2+ chelation by EGTA, after 4-5 days in SM. When treated with LCM or EGTA, MDCK cells with 'stabilized' desmosomes partially separate but remain attached to each other at some points. Regions of attachment stain brightly with anti-desmosomal antibodies and are characterized by 'giant' desmosomes, up to 4 micron long, roughly 20 times larger than those formed in cells in SM. These giant desmosomes may form by lateral fusion of small desmosomes.
Unsupervised Instance Segmentation in Microscopy Images via Panoptic Domain Adaptation and Task Re-weighting (2020)

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for nuclei instance segmentation is important for digital pathology, as it alleviates the burden of labor-intensive annotation and domain shift across datasets. In this work, we propose a Cycle Consistency Panoptic Domain Adaptive Mask R-CNN (CyC-PDAM) architecture for unsupervised nuclei segmentation in histopathology images, by learning from fluorescence microscopy images. More specifically, we first propose a nuclei inpainting mechanism to remove the auxiliary generated objects in the synthesized images. Secondly, a semantic branch with a domain discriminator is designed to achieve panoptic-level domain adaptation. Thirdly, in order to avoid the influence of the source-biased features, we propose a task re-weighting mechanism to dynamically add trade-off weights for the task-specific loss functions. Experimental results on three datasets indicate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art UDA methods significantly, and demonstrates a similar performance as fully supervised methods.
Mapping rat megalin: the second cluster of ligand binding repeats contains a 46-amino acid pathogenic epitope involved in the formation of immune deposits in Heymann nephritis. (1996)

Megalin (gp330), an epithelial endocytic receptor, is a major target antigen of Heymann nephritis (HN), an autoimmune disease in rats. To elucidate the mechanisms of HN, we have mapped a pathogenic epitope in megalin that binds anti-megalin antibodies. We focused our attention on four clusters of cysteine-rich, low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) ligand binding repeats in the extracellular domain of megalin because they represent putative ligand binding regions and therefore would be expected to be exposed in vivo and to be able to bind circulating antibodies. Rat megalin cDNA fragments I through IV encoding the first through fourth clusters of ligand-binding repeats, respectively, were expressed in a baculovirus system. All four expression products were detected by immunoblotting with two antisera capable of inducing passive HN (pHN). When antibodies eluted from glomeruli of rats with pHN were used for immunoblotting, only the expression product encoded by fragment II was detected. This indicates that the second cluster of LDLR ligand binding repeats is directly involved in binding anti-megalin antibodies and in the induction of pHN. To narrow the major epitope in this domain, fragment II was used to prepare proteins sequentially truncated from the C- and N-terminal ends by in vitro translation. Analysis of the truncated translation products by immunoprecipitation with anti-megalin IgG revealed that the fifth ligand-binding repeat (amino acids 1160-1205) contains the major epitope recognized. This suggests that a 46-amino acid sequence in the second cluster of LDLR ligand binding repeats contains a major pathogenic epitope that plays a key role in pHN. Identification of this epitope will facilitate studies on the pathogenesis of HN.
Comparison of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with half-wave cavity spacers confined by single- or double-oxide apertures (1997)

Data are presented on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's) laterally confined with either single- or double-oxide apertures in a half-wave cavity spacer. Despite a higher nonradiative recombination rate, double aperture as compared to single-aperture devices show lower threshold current density and higher differential quantum efficiency for smaller optical modes. The advantage of double apertures is attributed to the better optical confinement that results in a reduced lateral diffraction loss.