gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Indium Tin Oxide Surface Treatment on Spatially Localized Photocurrent Variations in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices (2011)

A correlation between anode surface treatment and spatially localized photocurrent variations has been found in bulk heterojunction poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Atomic force photovoltaic microscopy was used to scan arrays of 2 μm diameter OPV devices with varied indium tin oxide (ITO) surface treatments. The standard deviation of the average photocurrent was found to be 11.4% for devices fabricated on untreated ITO, 8.6% for devices with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) interlayer, and 6.7% for devices with a HCl-treated ITO surface. These results suggest that spatial variations in the structure and electronic properties of the anode surface degrade the overall performance of OPVs, including reductions in short-circuit current by up to 20%, thus highlighting the importance of surface treatments that improve the homogeneity of ITO.
A review of data visualization: opportunities in manufacturing sequence management (2006)

Data visualization now benefits from developments in technologies that offer innovative ways of presenting complex data. Potentially these have widespread application in communicating the complex information domains typical of manufacturing sequence management environments for global enterprises. In this paper the authors review the visualization functionalities, techniques and applications reported in literature, map these to manufacturing sequence information presentation requirements and identify the opportunities available and likely development paths. Current leading-edge practice in dynamic updating and communication with suppliers is not being exploited in manufacturing sequence management; it could provide significant benefits to manufacturing business. In the context of global manufacturing operations and broad-based user communities with differing needs served by common data sets, tool functionality is generally ahead of user application.
Can We Prevent the Degradation of Glucose in Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions? (2000)

Correspondence to: I. Ledebo, Gambro Research, Box 10101, Lund 220 10 Sweden. As the main source of energy in the human body, glucose has a central function. Carbohydrates in the diet are often metabolized to glucose, and when carbohydrates are lacking, glucose is synthesized de novo from amino acids. Thus, glucose in itself can hardly be considered toxic. Still, pharmaceutically prepared glucose solutions have several biological side effects, such as growth inhibition on cultured cells and microorganisms. Many scientific disciplines have shown the effects, but so far, the causes are little investigated and understood. Under the influence of certain promoting factors, the glucose molecule degrades. The many new molecules formed are commonly called glucose degradation products (GDPs). Among the GDPs are some reactive aldehydes—for example, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, methylglyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone— which, apart from their inherent toxic effect on cells, have been shown to participate in the glycosylation of amino groups, thus forming Amadori products and irreversibly glycosylated proteins, called advanced glycosylated end-products (AGEs) (1,2). Because glucose solutions are needed in medical therapy, finding methods for preventing the formation of GDPs is important. In chronic therapies such as peritoneal dialysis (PD), a patient may be exposed to the equivalent of about 100 kg of glucose per year. When PD solution is sterilized in the standard manner, large amounts of GDPs are formed in the solution. Our awareness about the clinical impact of chronic exposure to these toxic and reactive substances is still limited.
End-to-End Driving Via Conditional Imitation Learning (2018)

Deep networks trained on demonstrations of human driving have learned to follow roads and avoid obstacles. However, driving policies trained via imitation learning cannot be controlled at test time. A vehicle trained end-to-end to imitate an expert cannot be guided to take a specific turn at an upcoming intersection. This limits the utility of such systems. We propose to condition imitation learning on high-level command input. At test time, the learned driving policy functions as a chauffeur that handles sensorimotor coordination but continues to respond to navigational commands. We evaluate different architectures for conditional imitation learning in vision-based driving. We conduct experiments in realistic three-dimensional simulations of urban driving and on a 1/5 scale robotic truck that is trained to drive in a residential area. Both systems drive based on visual input yet remain responsive to high-level navigational commands.
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of allyl halides with organotins (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of allyl halides with organotinsForrest K. Sheffy and J. K. StilleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 24, 7173–7175Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00362a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00362a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1044Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cerenkov luminescence tomography for small-animal imaging (2010)

Cerenkov radiation is a well-known phenomenon in which optical photons are emitted by charged particles moving faster than the speed of light in a medium. We have observed Cerenkov photons emitted from beta-emitting radiotracers such as (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose using a sensitive CCD camera. Phantom and in vivo mouse imaging experiments have demonstrated that surface measurements of the emitted Cerenkov optical photons could be used to reconstruct the radiotracer activity distribution inside an object by modeling the optical photon propagation with the diffusion equation and reconstructing the optical emission source distribution iteratively with a preconditioned conjugate gradient method.
Future-ready ultrafast 8bit CMOS ADC for system-on-chip applications (2002)

Design and performance of an ultrafast 8bit 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS flash ADC based on the thresholding inverter comparator are presented.
Reaktionen an Indolderivaten, XLVI<sup>1)</sup><b> Ein stereoselektiver Zugang zu Isoeburnamonin</b> (1981)

Abstract Aus einem Zwischenprodukt unserer Eburnamoninsynthese ( 3 ) wird über thermodynamische Lenkung ein stereoselektiver Zugang zu Isoeburnamonin ( 2 ) erschlossen. Reaktivitätsunterschiede zur natürlichen Reihe werden diskutiert.
[Surface reactivity of enosseous implanted bio-glass ceramics at varying lengths of implantation]. (1982)

Chemical and structural surface changes at enosseous bioglass-ceramic-implants (Ap 40) were investigated by means of electron microprobe after an implantation period of 4 to 52 weeks. An intimate bonding between regenerated bone and bioglass-ceramic surface was evident at points already after 4 weeks. Initial degradation processes at implant surface came to a standstill after 12th week. A calcium and phosphorus rich layer of great importance for implant stability and biocompatibility was formed immediately contacting the bone. This surface layer had a thickness of nearly 25 micrometers -- 30 micrometers at 12 weeks and remains unchanged up to 52 weeks. The registered calcium and phosphorus impulse rate (cps) is equal to that of neighbouring bone. Chemical similarity of implant surface makes bioglass-ceramic Ap 40 a suitable biomaterial for durable bone replacement.
CA125/MUC16 Is Dispensable for Mouse Development and Reproduction (2009)

Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is a blood biomarker that is routinely used to monitor the progression of human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and is encoded by MUC16, a member of the mucin gene family. The biological function of CA125/MUC16 and its potential role in EOC are poorly understood. Here we report the targeted disruption of the of the Muc16 gene in the mouse. To generate Muc16 knockout mice, 6.0 kb was deleted that included the majority of exon 3 and a portion of intron 3 and replaced with a lacZ reporter cassette. Loss of Muc16 protein expression suggests that Muc16 homozygous mutant mice are null mutants. Muc16 homozygous mutant mice are viable, fertile, and develop normally. Histological analysis shows that Muc16 homozygous mutant tissues are normal. By the age of 1 year, Muc16 homozygous mutant mice appear normal. Downregulation of transcripts from another mucin gene (Muc1) was detected in the Muc16 homozygous mutant uterus. Lack of any prominent abnormal phenotype in these Muc16 knockout mice suggests that CA125/MUC16 is not required for normal development or reproduction. These knockout mice provide a unique platform for future studies to identify the role of CA125/MUC16 in organ homeostasis and ovarian cancer.
Resource Sharing in Global Fixed-Priority Preemptive Multiprocessor Scheduling (2010)

In this paper we consider global fixed-priority preemptive multiprocessor scheduling of constrained-deadline sporadic tasks that share resources in a non-nested manner. We develop a novel resource-sharing protocol and a corresponding schedulability test for this system. We also develop the first schedulability analysis of priority inheritence protocol for the aforementioned system. Finally, we show that these protocols are efficient (based on the developed schedulability tests) for a class of priority-assignments called emph{reasonable} priority-assignments.
Whole-body MRI quantitative biomarkers are associated significantly with treatment response in patients with newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma following bortezomib induction (2017)

• Bone signal fat fraction using mDixon is a robust quantifiable parameter • Fat fraction and ADC significantly increase in myeloma lesions responding to treatment • Bone lesion fat fraction is the best discriminator of myeloma treatment response.
Electron-beam-assisted evaporation of epitaxial CeO2 thin films on Si substrates (2001)

Electron-beam-assisted evaporation is a way to lower the growth temperature and improve crystalline quality of CeO2(110) layers on Si(100) substrates. The electron-beam-assisted evaporation system is constructed utilizing an electron-beam-irradiation system with a suppressor electrode around the sample holder. The suppressor bias condition is optimized as a function of acceleration energy of assisting electrons. The epitaxial growth quality depends on the assisting electron-beam energy. Optimum electron energy is experimentally determined to be around 360 eV, wherein the epitaxial temperature is lowered to 710 °C, i.e., temperature lowering of more than 100 °C compared with the conventional growth method.
Reactivity of functional groups in surface coating polymers. Part I. Hydroxyl groups in alkyd resins (1966)

Abstract The factors which can influence the availability of functional groups in polymers are considered. In particular, the importance of hydroxyl groups in the formation and Film‐forming reactions of alkyd resins is discussed, and evidence is presented to suggest that the number of hydroxyl groups available for chemical reaction is not necessarily equivalent to the theoretical value. Factors which influence the availability of the hydroxyl groups are considered, and some of the properties of the alkyd are related to the available hydroxyl content.
Clinicopathologic Correlations in Diabetic Retinopathy (1976)

A patient with adult-onset diabetes mellitus was referred with a diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the choroid of the left eye. A nonproliferative type of diabetic retinopathy was present, which was studied and documented by stereoscopic fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms. Following enucleation, the microangiopathies were correlated histologically, using the retinal trypsin digest technique. Four types of microaneurysms were seen histologically that were believed to represent stages in the development of this lesion. Most thin-walled aneurysms tightly packed with erythrocytes did not fluoresce. Aneurysms that were hypercellular and those with thick walls showed early and late fluorescence. Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities were hypercellular dilated channels. Those that take origin from terminal arterioles are believed to represent attempts at neovascularization.
Enhanced Sialic Acid-Dependent Endocytosis Explains the Increased Efficiency of Infection of Airway Epithelia by a Novel Adeno-Associated Virus (2011)

We previously used directed evolution in human airway epithelia to create adeno-associated virus 2.5T (AAV2.5T), a highly infectious chimera of AAV2 and AAV5 with one point mutation (A581T). We hypothesized that the mechanism for its increased infection may be a higher binding affinity to the surface of airway epithelia than its parent AAV5. Here, we show that, like AAV5, AAV2.5T, uses 2,3N-linked sialic acid as its primary receptor; however, AAV2.5T binds to the apical surface of human airway epithelia at higher levels and has more receptors than AAV5. Furthermore, its binding affinity is similar to that of AAV5. An alternative hypothesis is that AAV2.5T interaction with 2,3N-linked sialic acid may instead be required for cellular internalization. Consistent with this, AAV2.5T binds but fails to be internalized by CHO cells that lack surface expression of sialic acid. Moreover, whereas AAV2.5T binds similarly to human (rich in 2,3N-linked sialic acid) and pig airway epithelia (2,6N-linked sialic acid), significantly more virus was internalized by human airway. Subsequent transduction correlated with the level of internalized rather than surface-bound virus. We also found that human airway epithelia internalized significantly more AAV2.5T than AAV5. These data suggest that AAV2.5T has evolved to utilize specific 2,3N-linked sialic acid residues on the surface of airway epithelia that mediate rapid internalization and subsequent infection. Thus, sialic acid serves as not just an attachment factor but is also required for AAV2.5T internalization, possibly representing an important rate-limiting step for other viruses that use sialic acids.
Photocurrents in thin polymeric films: chromophore/quencher assemblies based on polypyrrole (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotocurrents in thin polymeric films: chromophore/quencher assemblies based on polypyrroleAlison J. Downard, Nigel A. Surridge, Sharon. Gould, Thomas J. Meyer, Alain. Deronzier, and Jean Claude. MoutetCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 17, 6754–6764Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100380a042https://doi.org/10.1021/j100380a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Family of Optically Compensated Zoom Lenses (1970)

Several optically compensated zoom projection lenses have been designed. These lenses, used in special purpose film viewers and simulators, have unique characteristics not met by commercially available lenses. Unusually high resolution, large formats, and large magnification ranges have been achieved. This paper describes optical characteristics, method of design and design optimization, and measured performance data. Unique illumination requirements have led to unusual condenser system designs which are discussed.
Principles and Applications of Positron and Positronium Chemistry (2003)

Introduction to positron and positronium chemistry, Y.C. Jean et al compounds of positrons and positronium, D.M. Schrader experimental techniques in positron spectroscopy, P.G. Coleman organic and inorganic chemistry of the positron and positronium, G. Duplatre and I. Billard physical and radiation chemistry of the positron and positronium, S.V. Stephanov and V.M. Byakov positrons and positronium in the gas phase, D.M. Schrader positron porosimetry, M.H. Weber and K.G. Lynn positron annihilation studies on superconducting materials, C.S. Sundar positronium in Si and SiO2 thin films, R. Suzuki applications to polymers, P.E. Mallon applications to coatings and paints, Y.C. Jean et al positron annihilation electrospectroscopy, S. Amdani et al characterization of nanoparticle and nanopore materials, J. Xu age momentum correlation (AMOC), H. Stoll et al.
Issues and approaches on extending Ethernet beyond LANs (2004)

Currently, LAN technology is predominantly Ethernet-based and offers packet-optimized switched technology. With more than 90 percent of Internet traffic originating from Ethernet-based LANs, efforts are underway to extend Ethernet beyond LANs into MANs and further into WANs. However, native Ethernet protocols need extensions or support from other technologies in order to succeed as MAN technology in terms of scalability, QoS, resiliency, OAM, and so on. The two emerging trends to carry Ethernet traffic across the MAN can be classified into native Ethernet (IEEE) protocol extensions, and encapsulation by another transportation technology such as MPLS networks. The goal is to offer new and challenging services such as virtual private LAN service, also known as transparent LAN service (TLS). This article presents a comprehensive overview of the required extensions/support of the Ethernet with an emphasis on the emerging provider bridge technology.
CrashLocator: locating crashing faults based on crash stacks (2014)

Software crash is common. When a crash occurs, software developers can receive a report upon user permission. A crash report typically includes a call stack at the time of crash. An important step of debugging a crash is to identify faulty functions, which is often a tedious and labor-intensive task. In this paper, we propose CrashLocator, a method to locate faulty functions using the crash stack information in crash reports. It deduces possible crash traces (the failing execution traces that lead to crash) by expanding the crash stack with functions in static call graph. It then calculates the suspiciousness of each function in the approximate crash traces. The functions are then ranked by their suspiciousness scores and are recommended to developers for further investigation. We evaluate our approach using real-world Mozilla crash data. The results show that our approach is effective: we can locate 50.6%, 63.7% and 67.5% of crashing faults by examining top 1, 5 and 10 functions recommended by CrashLocator, respectively. Our approach outperforms the conventional stack-only methods significantly.
Nature's Sedative: Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Valtrate from Centranthus ruber (2004)

The importance of natural plant products and how they can be used as learning aids at senior undergraduate level are highlighted in this experiment. The experiment involves the isolation and structural determination of valtrate, a valepotriate occurring naturally in the roots and aerial parts of the medicinal plant, Valeriana officinalis, and its related species, Centranthus ruber. Valerian root extracts have been employed in both traditional and conventional medicine as sedating and antispasmolytic agents and appear to be nature's answer to modern benzodiazepine tranquillizers. We present various isolation and structural elucidation methodologies, including thin layer and flash column chromatography, and detailed spectroscopic analysis by NMR, IR, and mass spectra. The students isolated valtrate with an average recovery of 4.1% and subsequently managed to unravel the structure of valtrate using the various spectra provided, all within a six-hour laboratory (two week) session.
Primary structure of the (1→3,1→4)-β-D-glucan 4-glucohydrolase from barley aleurone (1986)

During germination of barley grains, the cell walls of the starchy endosperm are degraded by (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucanases (EC 3.2.1.73) secreted from the aleurone and scutellar tissues. The complete sequence of the aleurone (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucanase isoenzyme II comprises 306 amino acids and was determined by sequencing nine tryptic peptides (110 residues) and aligning them with the amino acid sequence deduced from a cDNA clone encoding the 291 NH(2)-terminal residues. Although no amino acid sequence homology with a bacterial (1-->3)(1-->4)-beta-glucanase is apparent, close to 50% homology is found with two large regions of a (1-->3)-beta-glucanase from tobacco pith tissue. The gene for barley (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucanase isoenzyme II shares with that for the alpha-amylase isoenzyme 1 a strongly preferred use of codons with G and C in the wobble position (94% and 90%, respectively). Both enzymes are secreted from the aleurone cells during germination. Such one-sided codon usage is not characteristic for the gene encoding the (1-->3)-beta-glucanase of tobacco pith tissue or the hor2-4 gene encoding the B(1) hordein storage protein in the endosperm.
Pentoxifylline in the treatment of children with new-onset type I diabetes mellitus. (1994)

To the Editor. —Strong immunosuppressants have halted the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β cell in new-onset insulin-dependent diabetes, enabling as many as 50% of patients to be independent of insulin 1 year after diagnosis.1However, the high incidence of side effects associated with these agents makes their long-term use untenable in a disease that can be treated safely with insulin for decades. Pentoxifylline has been in use for more than 20 years with minimal side effects and was recently discovered to have immunosuppressive properties. Pentoxifylline inhibits expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)2and possibly the interleukin 2 receptor.3Both TNF-α and interleukin 2 have been strongly implicated in the destruction of the β cell in insulin-dependent diabetes,3and TNF-α has been reported to impair insulin action.4The relative safety of pentoxifylline prompted us to begin an unmasked (Human Studies Committee-approved trial of pentoxifylline