gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic studies on Lythraceae alkaloids. V. Total synthesis of (.+-.)-vertaline. (1976)

The first total synthesis of one of the cis-quinolizidine Lythraceae alkaloids, vertaline (IV), was described. The Mannich reaction of isopelletierine (V) with 6-bromoveratraldehyde (VI) in tetrahydrofuran in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide gave the cis-and trans-quinolizidine (VII and VIII) in the ratio of 5 : 2. Reduction of VII with sodium borohydride afforded the axial alcohol (IX) along with the equatorial alcohol (X). The Ullmann condensation of the acetyl derivative (XI) from IX with methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate furnished the biphenyl ether (XIII). Hydrolysis of XIII and lactonization of the resulting hydroxy-acid (XV) provided (±)-vertaline (IV).
Gold nanoparticle-based competitive colorimetric assay for detection of protein–protein interactions (2005)

A gold nanoparticle-based competitive colorimetric assay uses the ensemble of Concanavalin (ConA) and mannopyranoside-encapsulated gold nanoparticles (Man-GNPs) to identify the binding partners for ConA and the binding constants are determined based on the wavelength shifts.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy during early HIV infection reverses T-cell activation and maturation abnormalities (1998)

The observed ability of HAART during early asymptomatic HIV infection to initiate rapid reversal of disease-induced T-cell activation and maturation abnormalities, while preserving pretherapy levels of immune function, supports the concept that therapeutic advantage is to be gained by commencing early aggressive antiretroviral therapy.
Effects of surfactants on transition kinetics of stearic acid polymorphs (1986)

Abstract The effects of some nonionic surfactants on the kinetics of the solution‐mediated transition of stearic acid of B and C polymorphs were studied. Some surfactants were found to retard the transition of the thermodynamically unstable stearic acid modification to the stable form in methanol, n‐hexane and decane solutions. The surfactants consisting of large hydrophilic moieties revealed a significant retardation effect. The effect also depends on the solvent; the lower the solubility of the surfactant in the solvents, the more the transition rate was decreased. Finally it should be noted that the C→B transition was more affected than the B→C transition with a given surfactant.
Predictive factors of response to treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: new evidence (2011)

Renal cell carcinoma represents approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90-95% of neoplasms arising from the kidney. Many agents that target angiogenesis (e.g., sunitinib, sorafenib, bevacizumab and pazopanib) and mTOR-targeted therapy (e.g., temsirolimus and everolimus) have been approved as first-line agents. The choice of the most suitable treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma depends on the definition of risk. In this article, we reviewed the scientific literature identifying predictive factors on the activity/efficacy of a specific therapy.
Location proteomics: a systems approach to subcellular location (2005)

Systems Biology requires comprehensive systematic data on all aspects and levels of biological organization and function. In addition to information on the sequence, structure, activities and binding interactions of all biological macromolecules, the creation of accurate predictive models of cell behaviour will require detailed information on the distribution of those molecules within cells and the ways in which those distributions change over the cell cycle and in response to mutations or external stimuli. Current information on subcellular location in protein databases is limited to unstructured text descriptions or sets of terms assigned by human curators. These entries do not permit basic operations that are common to other biological databases, such as measurement of the degree of similarity between the distributions of two proteins, and they are not able to fully capture the complexity of protein patterns that can be observed. The field of location proteomics seeks to provide automated, objective high-resolution descriptions of protein location patterns within cells. Methods have been developed to group proteins into statistically indistinguishable location patterns using automated analysis of fluorescence microscope images. The resulting clusters, or location families, are analogous to clusters found for other domains, such as protein sequence families. Preliminary work suggests the feasibility of expressing each unique pattern as a generative model that can be incorporated into comprehensive models of cell behaviour.
<i>The</i>UNIX<i>System</i>: A Network of Computers Running the<i>UNIX</i>System (1984)

This paper discusses experience in designing software to interconnect large numbers of processors that are based on the UNIX™ operating system over a high-speed local area network. The paper discusses portability of the implementation between different processors and operating systems based on the UNIX system, the influence of different schedulers, input/output subsystems, and different speed processors on the implementation and performance of the network. Also discussed are characteristics of network usage, such as traffic patterns, throughput, and response.
Structure-Function Studies of S-Antigen: Use of Proteases to Reveal a Dominant Uveitogenic Site (1991)

Retinal S-antigen induced experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is a severe, predominantly T-cell mediated inflammatory disease of the uveal tract and retina of the eye. Pretreatment of LEW rats with the monoclonal antibody, MAbS2.4.C5, which defines an epitope in S-antigen, has been shown to effectively inhibit the subsequent induction of EAU with S-antigen. Using synthetic peptides and cyanogen bromide fragments of S-antigen we found the binding site of MAbS2.4.C5 to be located at the carboxy terminus of the molecule corresponding to amino acid positions 375 to 380. Limited Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion yielded several polypeptide fragments including one large 43 kD fragment which retained antibody binding to a variety of both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies which identify epitopes that span the length of the S-antigen. This treatment, however, completely destroys the MAbS2.4.C5 binding site and dramatically reduces uveitopathogenicity. Limited trypsin and papain digestion, on the other hand, had little effect on pathogenicity or on MAbS2.4.C5 binding to S-antigen or its peptide fragments. These results indicate that the carboxy-terminus of S-antigen plays a predominant role in the pathogenesis of EAU.
Regulation by ABA of β-Conglycinin Expression in Cultured Developing Soybean Cotyledons (1985)

The regulation of cotyledon-specific gene expression by exogenously applied abscisic acid (ABA) was studied in developing cultured cotyledons of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Provar). When immature cotyledons were cultured in modified Thompson's medium, the addition of ABA resulted in an increased concentration of the beta-subunit of beta-conglycinin, one of the major storage proteins of soybean seeds. The amount of the alpha'-and alpha-subunits of beta-conglycinin was relatively unaffected by the ABA treatment. When fluridone, an inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis that has been shown to decrease ABA levels in plant tissues, was added to the medium the level of ABA and the beta-subunit decreased in the cotyledons. Increasing the concentration of sucrose in the culture medium caused an increase in the concentration of ABA and beta-subunit in the cotyledons. When in vitro translation products from RNA isolated from cotyledons cultured with ABA were immunoprecipitated with antiserum against beta-conglycinin, there was an increased amount of pre-beta-subunit polypetide compared to the translation products from RNA isolated from control cotyledons. The pre-beta-subunit polypeptide was not detected in translation products from RNA isolated from fluridone-treated cotyledons. Nucleic acid hybridization reactions showed that the level of beta-subunit mRNA was higher in ABA-treated cotyledons compared to the control, and was lower in the fluridone-treated cotyledons. We have shown that exogenous ABA is able to modulate the accumulation of the beta-subunit of beta-conglycinin in developing cultured soybean cotyledons.
INSTANCE-B ASED LEARNING: Nearest Neighbour with Generalisation (1995)

Instance-based learning is a machine learning method that classifies new examples by comparing them to those already seen and in memory. There are two types of instance-based learning; nearest neighbour and case-based reasoning. Of these two methods, nearest neighbour fell into disfavour during the 1980s, but regained popularity recently due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. Nearest neighbour learning is not without problems. It is difficult to define a distance function that works well for both discrete and continuous attributes. Noise and irrelevant attributes also pose problems. Finally, the specificity bias adopted by instance-based learning, while often an advantage, can over-represent small rules at the expense of more general concepts, leading to a marked decrease in classification performance for some domains. Generalised exemplars offer a solution. Examples that share the same class are grouped together, and so represent large rules more fully. This reduces the role of the distance function to determining the class when no rule covers the new example, which reduces the number of classification errors that result from inaccuracies of the distance function, and increases the influence of large rules while still representing small ones. This thesis investigates non-nested generalised exemplars as a way of improving the performance of nearest neighbour. The method is tested using benchmark domains and the results compared with documented results for ungeneralised exemplars, nested generalised exemplars, rule induction methods and a composite rule induction and nearest neighbour learner. The benefits of generalisation are isolated and the performance improvement measured. The results show that non-nested generalisation of exemplars improves the classification performance of nearest neighbour systems and reduces classification time.
Discovery of Novel, Highly Potent, and Selective Quinazoline-2-carboxamide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 Inhibitors without a Zinc Binding Group Using a Structure-Based Design Approach (2014)

Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) has been implicated to play a key role in the pathology of osteoarthritis. On the basis of X-ray crystallography, we designed a series of potent MMP-13 selective inhibitors optimized to occupy the distinct deep S1' pocket including an adjacent branch. Among them, carboxylic acid inhibitor 21k exhibited excellent potency and selectivity for MMP-13 over other MMPs. An effort to convert compound 21k to the mono sodium salt 38 was promising in all animal species studied. Moreover, no overt toxicity was observed in a preliminary repeat dose oral toxicity study of compound 21k in rats. A single oral dose of compound 38 significantly reduced degradation products (CTX-II) released from articular cartilage into the joint cavity in a rat MIA model in vivo. In this article, we report the discovery of highly potent, selective, and orally bioavailable MMP-13 inhibitors as well as their detailed structure-activity data.
A 900 MHz HBT power amplifier MMICs with 55% efficiency, at 3.3 V operation (2002)

A 3.3 volt GSM class V power amplifier MMIC has been developed by using AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs and flip chip bonding technology. The amplifier has an output power of 32 dBm and a power added efficiency of 55%. The HBT amplifier inherently requires no negative bias and has very low leak current, 2nA. Th MMIC is assembled to small and low profile package (6.35/spl times/6.35/spl times/1.05 mm).
Video halftoning (2006)

This paper studies video halftoning that renders a digital video sequence onto display devices, which have limited intensity resolutions and color palettes, by trading the spatiotemporal resolution for enhanced intensity/color resolution. This trade is needed when a continuous tone video is not necessary or not practical for video display, transmission, and storage. In particular, the quantization error of a pixel is diffused to its spatiotemporal neighbors by separable one-dimensional temporal and two-dimensional spatial error diffusions. Motion-adaptive gain control is employed to enhance the temporal consistency of the visual patterns by minimizing the flickering artifacts. Experimental results of halftone and colortone videos are demonstrated and evaluated with various halftoning techniques.
From word embeddings to document similarities for improved information retrieval in software engineering (2016)

The application of information retrieval techniques to search tasks in software engineering is made difficult by the lexical gap between search queries, usually expressed in natural language (e.g. English), and retrieved documents, usually expressed in code (e.g. programming languages). This is often the case in bug and feature location, community question answering, or more generally the communication between technical personnel and non-technical stake holders in a software project. In this paper, we propose bridging the lexical gap by projecting natural language statements and code snippets as meaning vectors in a shared representation space. In the proposed architecture, word embeddings are first trained on API documents, tutorials, and reference documents, and then aggregated in order to estimate semantic similarities between documents. Empirical evaluations show that the learned vector space embeddings lead to improvements in a previously explored bug localization task and a newly defined task of linking API documents to computer programming questions.
Highly sensitive gas sensor based on integrated titania nanosponge arrays (2006)

Highly sensitive gas sensors were fabricated using nanostructured titania pad arrays. Nanostructured titania (NST) formed is sponge-like consisting of interconnected nanoscale wires and walls, which are made up of anatase nanocrystals. Electrical characterization indicates that contacts were ohmic and NST was highly sensitive to O2. Variations of hundreds of oxygen molecules over a 20μm NST square pad sensing element were detected at 250°C. The NST-based sensor operates at lower temperatures, has fast response time, and superior sensitivity relative to oxygen sensors based on porous undoped titania reported in the literature.
Singular e Plural: Todas as Formas de Olhar em uma Revista para Adolescentes Cegos e de Baixa Visão (2014)

Existem diversas formas de olhar, o ver, o sentir e o tocar sao igualmente formas de percepcao. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar, refletir e analisar como a comunicacao dos meios editoriais para adolescentes cegos e de baixa visao e apresentado para este universo. Atraves do Metodo de Aplicacao de Entrevistas em Avaliacoes de Usabilidade, foram coletados dados baseados no projeto de uma revista direcionada para adolescentes cegos e de baixa visao. Participaram 11 jovens do sexo masculino e feminino com, idades entre 13 a 24 anos. Nao foram analisadas as condicoes sociais, culturais e historicas em que vivem os entrevistados. Ao analisar os resultados da pesquisa, identificou-se que na escolha singular de cada entrevistado existe um olhar impar, o qual, desperta sentidos unicos demonstrando a variedade de identidades, singularidades e subjetividades adolescentes. Constatou-se a escassez de publicacoes deste tipo voltado para o publico jovem, a questao da comunicacao de massa ainda e dominada pelo universo vidente e este mercado esta carente de tais discussoes.
Velocity statistics of dynamic spinners in out-of-equilibrium magnetic suspensions (2015)

We report on the velocity statistics of an out-of-equilibrium magnetic suspension in a spinner phase confined at a liquid interface. The suspension is energized by a uniaxial alternating magnetic field applied parallel to the interface. In a certain range of the magnetic field parameters the system spontaneously undergoes a transition into a dynamic spinner phase (ensemble of hydrodynamically coupled magnetic micro-rotors) comprised of two subsystems: self-assembled spinning chains and a gas of rotating single particles. Both subsystems coexist in a dynamic equilibrium via continuous exchange of the particles. Spinners excite surface flows that significantly increase particle velocity correlations in the system. For both subsystems the velocity distributions are strongly non-Maxwellian with nearly exponential high-energy tails, P(v) ∼ exp(-|v/v0|). The kurtosis, the measure of the deviation from the Gaussian statistics, is influenced by the frequency of the external magnetic field. We show that in the single-particle gas the dissipation is mostly collisional, whereas the viscous damping dominates over collisional dissipation for the self-assembled spinners. The dissipation increases with the frequency of the applied magnetic field. Our results provide insights into non-trivial dissipation mechanisms determining self-assembly processes in out-of-equilibrium magnetic suspensions.
Information theory and superefficiency (1998)

The asymptotic risk of efficient estimators with Kullback–Leibler loss in smoothly parametrized statistical models is $k/2_n$, where $k$ is the parameter dimension and $n$ is the sample size. Under fairly general conditions, we given a simple information-theoretic proof that the set of parameter values where any arbitrary estimator is superefficient is negligible. The proof is based on a result of Rissanen that codes have asymptotic redundancy not smaller than $(k/2)\log n$, except in a set of measure 0.
Micellization of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(propylene oxide) Block Copolymer in Aqueous Solution: Effect of Polymer Impurities (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicellization of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(propylene oxide) Block Copolymer in Aqueous Solution: Effect of Polymer ImpuritiesPer LinseCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 10, 2685–2693Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00088a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Arsenic Removal by Coagulation With Aluminum, Iron, Titanium, and Zirconium (2008)

Arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] removal using zirconium and titanium coagulants was compared with removal using ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) and alum in a standard challenge water. As(III) adsorption was significantly lower than As(V) adsorption at all pH levels with all coagulants. The highest As(V) loadings both on mass and molar bases were observed with FeCl 3 . As(V) removal increased with decreasing pH with all coagulants. The small amount of As(III) removal observed was generally independent of pH. Alum did not remove any As(III). The highest As(III) loadings were observed with titanium(III) [Ti(III)], which appeared to be oxidized to As(V) by peroxide resulting from Ti(III) hydrolysis. The types of sludge produced by all coagulants passed the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and the waste extraction test. When chemical costs were compared, FeCl 3 was the most cost‐effective coagulant for As(III) and As(V) at all three pH values, and As(III) chemical coagulation costs were five to 20 times higher than those for As(V). Alum was four to eight times the cost of FeCl 3 for As(V) removal.
Developments in Voltage Contrast (1987)

The aim of this paper is to give a review of the main steps that have led to voltage contrast equipment available to day for integrated circuit testing. The main parameters related to quantitative voltage evaluations are discussed in the case of measurements on integrated circuits metal stripes as well as on buried lines. They concern the reduction of the local field effects, the voltage resolution improvements on the energy analysers, and the time resolution. Results concerning the E-beam perturbation of MOS circuits are reported. Due to the test conditions and the presence of additional elements inside the microscope column limitations are introduced in spatial resolution. The performances available are given. They are consistent with today's microelectronics. But, for the future, we show in this paper that the debate is not closed. It concerns both basic improvements and developments related to the use of the E-beam testers.
Doppler wind and temperature sounder: new approach using gas filter radiometry (2011)

We present a new approach for measuring high-altitude winds and temperatures. We describe how gas filter correlation radiometry can be employed from low Earth orbit to simultaneously measure the Doppler shift and linewidth of emission spectra to infer both wind and kinetic temperature. Measurements are performed with a simple radiometer that images the limb emission of nitric oxide near 5.3 μm (to sense altitudes of >90 km and <50 km) and carbon dioxide near 4.4 μm (to sense altitudes of <110 km). Observations are made through a single low-pressure gas cell containing a mixture of these target gases. Profiles of temperature and wind can be measured day and night continuously from 25 to over 250 km with <2% uncertainty at intervals of 10 km along-track, far exceeding current capabilities. This approach, using a small, simple, moderately cooled IR camera, could provide unprecedented observations of atmospheric dynamics from the lower stratosphere into the middle thermosphere.