gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new homochiral bispyrrolidines as potential DNA cross-linking antitumour agents. (2000)

We are seeking to develop more effective bifunctional alkylating agents as antitumour agents. We previously synthesized conformationally restricted nitrogen mustards containing one piperidine ring, then bispiperidine derivatives were designed and prepared with varying lengths of carbon chain between the two rings and structure-activity relationships in these systems were studied. A bispiperidine with the shortest bridge of two carbon atoms was the most reactive bifunctional alkylating agent. In order to extend this work and investigate the effects of a change in the size of the heterocyclic systems, new bispyrrolidine salts 17-23 with chloromethyl groups at the 2-positions and a bridge between the two nitrogen atoms of 2-8 carbon atoms were synthesized from L-proline so that only the LL-enantiomers were produced. The free bases were designed to be bifunctional alkylating agents via aziridinium ion formation with different distances between the two alkylating sites. All of the bispyrrolidines were efficient cross-linkers of naked DNA apart from those with three-carbon (18) and four-carbon (19) bridges, in contrast to the results with the bispiperidines. A piperazine derivative 24 with two potential alkylating sites was also shown to be an efficient cross-linker, as was an alicyclic compound 25 with six carbon atoms between the two alkylating sites. Compounds 26 and 30 with an extra carbon atom between the nitrogen and the leaving group were not cross-linkers, as expected if aziridinium ion formation is crucial for cross-linking ability. The preformed aziridine 27 with a further alkylating site was an efficient cross-linker. Compounds 28-29 with only one potential alkylating centre were not cross-linkers of DNA. None of the compounds, however, produced significant cytotoxicity in human tumour cells in vitro.
Conformational selection or induced fit: A flux description of reaction mechanism (2009)

The mechanism of ligand binding coupled to conformational changes in macromolecules has recently attracted considerable interest. The 2 limiting cases are the "induced fit" mechanism (binding first) or "conformational selection" (conformational change first). Described here are the criteria by which the sequence of events can be determined quantitatively. The relative importance of the 2 pathways is determined not by comparing rate constants (a common misconception) but instead by comparing the flux through each pathway. The simple rules for calculating flux in multistep mechanisms are described and then applied to 2 examples from the literature, neither of which has previously been analyzed using the concept of flux. The first example is the mechanism of conformational change in the binding of NADPH to dihydrofolate reductase. The second example is the mechanism of flavodoxin folding coupled to binding of its cofactor, flavin mononucleotide. In both cases, the mechanism switches from being dominated by the conformational selection pathway at low ligand concentration to induced fit at high ligand concentration. Over a wide range of conditions, a significant fraction of the flux occurs through both pathways. Such a mixed mechanism likely will be discovered for many cases of coupled conformational change and ligand binding when kinetic data are analyzed by using a flux-based approach.
Improved predictive test for MEN2, using flanking dinucleotide repeats and RFLPs. (1992)

Gene(s) for the autosomal dominant endocrine cancer syndromes, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC1) all map to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10. Predictive testing for the inheritance of mutant alleles in individuals at risk for these disorders has been limited by the availability of highly informative and closely linked flanking markers. We describe the development of eight new markers, including two PCR-based dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms and six RFLPs that flank the disease loci. One of the dinucleotide repeat markers (sJRH-1) derives from the RBP3 locus on 10q11.2 and has a PIC of .88. The other dinucleotide repeat (sTCL-1) defines a new locus, D10S176, that maps by in situ hybridization to 10p11.2 and has a PIC of .68. We have constructed a new genetic linkage map of the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10, on the basis of 13 polymorphisms at six loci, which places the MEN2A locus between the dinucleotide repeat markers, with odds of 5,750:1 over the next most likely position. Using this set of markers, predictive genetic testing of 130 at-risk individuals from six families segregating MEN2A revealed that 95% were jointly informative with flanking markers, representing a significant improvement in genetic testing capabilities.
Movement Disorders after Traumatic Brain Injury (2012)

Traumatic brain injury can cause movement disorders such as tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, parkinsonism and chorea. After the severe traumatic brain injury, movement disorders have been reported in 13 to 66% of patients and 20% of cases combined with weakness, spasticity, cognitive impairment and ataxia. Postural/kinetic tremor, which is the most common type of movement disorder after traumatic brain injury, may be transient or persistent however the other syndromes tend to persist and produce significant impairment in activity of daily living. The symptomatic relief can generally be achieved with medical treatment and some cases with neurosurgical intervention such as functional stereotactic surgery or deep brain stimulation. This article reviews the epidemiology, underlying mechanism, the type and treatment of movement disorders follow traumatic brain injury.
Expression of the proto-oncogene, <i>trk</i>, receptors in the developing rat retina (1995)

The neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and NT-4/5 are important in a variety of developmental processes in the peripheral and central nervous systems. These molecules bind to a low-affinity receptor and to distinct high-affinity receptors. The high-affinity receptor for NGF is the proto-oncogene product, p140trkA(trkA). Isoforms of p140trkA, p145trkB(trkB), and p140trkC(trkC), are the primary high-affinity receptors for BDNF and NT-3, respectively. We evaluated the developmental regulation of the high-affinity neurotrophin receptors in the rat retina using polyclonal antibodies directed to a highly conserved region of the C-terminus of the p140trkA isoforms (pantrk) and antibodies directed to unique amino-acid sequences of p140trkA, p145trkB, and p140trkC. Immunoreactivities for trkA and trkB, as well as pantrk, were detected in the developing retina and showed similar distributions. At similar antibody concentrations, trkC immunoreactivity was not detected. In the embryo, immunoreactivties were present in cells located throughout the neuroblastic retina, especially in the inner retinal layers, and in fibers in the nerve fiber layer and optic nerve. In the newborn retina, immunoreactivities for these two receptor isoforms were localized to numerous somata in the inner nuclear layer (INL), as well as to cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and axons in the nerve fiber layer and optic nerve. A similar pattern of immunostaining persisted throughout the first postnatal week. By postnatal day-10, immunostaining was confined to large-diameter cells in the GCL, both heavily stained and lightly stained cells in the INL and a plexus of processes in the inner plexiform layer (IPL).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An IC piezoresistive pressure sensor for biomedical instrumentation (1971)

A thin-diaphragm diffused piezoresistive pressure sensor has been developed for biomedical instrumentation using monolithic IC techniques. Anisotropic etching affords large-area, 5μ thick diaphragms with high yield, and simple temperature compensation eliminates residual temperature drift.
Fc‐receptors and immunity to malaria: from models to vaccines (2009)

The complexity and number of antigens (Ags) seen during an immune response has hampered the development of malaria vaccines. Antibodies (Abs) play an important role in immunity to malaria and their passive administration is effective at controlling the disease. Abs represent approximately 25% of all proteins undergoing clinical trials, and these 'smart biologicals' have undergone a major revival with the realization that Abs lie at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. At least 18 Abs have FDA approval for clinical use and approximately 150 are in clinical trials, the majority for the treatment of cancer, allograft rejection or autoimmune disease. Despite these triumphs none are in development for malaria, principally because they are perceived as being too expensive for a disease mainly afflicting poor and marginalized populations. Although unlikely, at least in the foreseeable future, that Ab-based prophylaxis will be made available to the millions of people at risk from malaria, they may be incorporated into current vaccine approaches, since Abs act as correlates of protection in studies aimed at defining the best Ags to include in vaccines. Abs may also form the basis for novel vaccination strategies by targeting Ags to appropriate antigen presenting cells. Therefore, to develop the most efficacious vaccines it will be necessary to fully understand which Abs and Fc-receptors (FcRs) are best engaged for a positive outcome.
Design for individuals, design for groups (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Design for individuals, design for groups: tradeoffs between power and workspace awareness Authors: Carl Gutwin Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, CanadaView Profile , Saul Greenberg Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, CanadaView Profile Authors Info & Claims CSCW '98: Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative workNovember 1998 Pages 207–216https://doi.org/10.1145/289444.289495Published:01 November 1998Publication History 213citation2,057DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations213Total Downloads2,057Last 12 Months159Last 6 weeks15 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
17- and 17a-Aza-D-homosteroids<sup>1,2</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT17- and 17a-Aza-D-homosteroids1,2Bernard M. Regan and F. Newton HayesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 3, 639–643Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01584a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01584a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views319Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Popular Marian Hymn in Devotion and Liturgy (1994)

Plusieurs raisons peuvent conduire le pasteur a s'interesser au cantique dans le domaine de la devotion mariale. Le cantique combine la poesie, musique, force et influence. Le cantique marial est un moyen tout a fait efficace pour rendre compte de la riche tradition mariale de l'Eglise basee sur l'Ecriture, le magisterium ecclesial et le sensus fidei. Cette doctrine mariologique se trouve dans des textes poetiques ou des cantiques comme le Stabat mater. L'A. se limite a l'etude de l'hymnologie mariale produite en Angleterre et aux Etats-Unis au cours des cinquante dernieres annees. Il presente tout d'abord les documents officiels qui ont eu une influence sur le developpement de l'hymne
Patterned medium for heat assisted magnetic recording (2009)

Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a potential solution to extend the limits of conventional magnetic recording. In HAMR, the heating of the recording medium is achieved with a near-field optical transducer. Although the literature suggests novel transducers, there is little consideration of the optical and thermal aspects of the magnetic medium. In this letter we suggest a recording medium that provides a significant enhancement in optical absorption and localized heating. The thermal profiles of the proposed medium and the conventional medium are compared using finite element method solutions of Maxwell’s and the heat transfer equations.
Steryl Sulfates. I. Preparation and Properties (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteryl Sulfates. I. Preparation and PropertiesAlbert E. Sobel and Paul E. SpoerriCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 5, 1259–1261Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01850a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01850a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lyotropic Liquid Crystal of Polyacrylonitrile-Grafted Graphene Oxide and Its Assembled Continuous Strong Nacre-Mimetic Fibers (2013)

Liquid crystals (LCs) of pristine graphene oxide (GO), a kind of novel two-dimensional (2D) macromolecule, have been discovered recently, opening an avenue to high performance neat graphene fibers. Here, we report for the first time LC of polymer-grafted GO and its macroscopic assembled nacre-mimetic composite. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) chains were covalently and uniformly grafted onto GO surfaces via a simple free radical polymerization process. The PAN-grafted GO (GO-g-PAN) sheets were well dispersed in polar organic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), forming nematic and lamellar LCs upon increasing concentration. A strong signal was found in the circular dichroism spectra of the LCs, indicating the formation of helical lamellar structures for the GO-g-PAN LCs. Macroscopic assembled fibers were continuously spun from the GO-g-PAN LCs via the industrially viable wet-spinning technology. The fibers held strict layered structures of GO and PAN, resembling the classic “brick-and-mortar” microstructure observed in nacre. The nacre-mimetic composite showed excellent mechanical property with tensile strength of 452 MPa, Young’s modulus of 8.31 GPa, and breakage elongation of 5.44%. This offers a new approach for the fabrication of continuous, ultrastrong, and tough biomimic composites.
Free‐breathing MOLLI: Application to myocardial T<sub>1</sub> mapping (2012)

The FB-MOLLI method provides a robust tool for clinical application in free-breathing myocardial T(1) mapping, and could greatly facilitate acquisition procedures during routine examinations.
A technique for the direct identification of haemolytic-pathogenic listeria on selective plating media (1989)

A technique based on the addition of a red cells top layer to a selective plating medium after listeria growth is proposed in order to detect directly the haemolytic activity of pathogenic listeria colonies. It was applied to different selective plating media (modified McBride agar, lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam, listeria selective medium–Oxford formulation, polymyxin-acriflavine-lithium chloride-ceftazidime-aesculin-mannitol and LSAMM). The haemolytic activity of listeria colonies was more easily detected with the top layer than when red cells were incorporated in the selective plating medium. The LSAMM was the best medium for the recovery and identification of Listeria monocytogenes colonies by this technique (three Listeria monocytogenes colonies were distinguished among 2520 Listeria innocua colonies in raw milk).
A dual transcriptional activation system for the 230 kb plasmid genes coding for virulence‐associated antigens of <i>Shigella flexneri</i> (1989)

The expression of plasmid-encoded, invasion-related antigens lpa b, c and d of Shigella flexneri was found to be positively regulated at transcriptional level by a 33kD protein produced by the previously defined, virulence-associated Region 1 on the SalI fragment B of the 230 kb invasion plasmid. The gene (designated virB) was identified and its nucleotide sequence determined. No Ipa b or c was produced in the absence of an intact virB gene although lower levels of d were produced. The previously reported regulatory activity of the virF gene some 30 kb distance away was shown to act exclusively through virB. In contrast, the activation of the virG gene necessary for intercellular spread occurred directly by virF without the requirement for virB. This study thus ascribes a critical function to a previously recognized, but functionally undefined, virulence locus on the large invasion plasmid of S. flexneri. The virF gene appears to have a central role in activation of the 230 kb plasmid-encoded virulence genes.
Learning Unsupervised Multi-View Stereopsis via Robust Photometric Consistency (2019)

We present a learning based approach for multi-view stereopsis (MVS). While current deep MVS methods achieve impressive results, they crucially rely on ground-truth 3D training data, and acquisition of such precise 3D geometry for supervision is a major hurdle. Our framework instead leverages photometric consistency between multiple views as supervisory signal for learning depth prediction in a wide baseline MVS setup. However, naively applying photo consistency constraints is undesirable due to occlusion and lighting changes across views. To overcome this, we propose a robust loss formulation that: a) enforces first order consistency and b) for each point, selectively enforces consistency with some views, thus implicitly handling occlusions. We demonstrate our ability to learn MVS without 3D supervision using a real dataset, and show that each component of our proposed robust loss results in a significant improvement. We qualitatively observe that our reconstructions are often more complete than the acquired ground truth, further showing the merits of this approach. Lastly, our learned model generalizes to novel settings, and our approach allows adaptation of existing CNNs to datasets without ground-truth 3D by unsupervised finetuning. Project webpage: https://tejaskhot.github.io/unsup_mvs
Mechanism in organophosphorus chemistry. II. Reaction of trialkyl phosphite esters with N-methylol carboxamides and sulfonamides. Trapping of an intermediate (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism in organophosphorus chemistry. II. Reaction of trialkyl phosphite esters with N-methylol carboxamides and sulfonamides. Trapping of an intermediateD. J. ScharfCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 1, 28–33Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00863a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00863a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel mutations in Marburg virus glycoprotein associated with viral evasion from antibody mediated immune pressure (2013)

Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus, members of the family Filoviridae, cause lethal haemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. Although the outbreaks are concentrated mainly in Central Africa, these viruses are potential agents of imported infectious diseases and bioterrorism in non-African countries. Recent studies demonstrated that non-human primates passively immunized with virus-specific antibodies were successfully protected against fatal filovirus infection, highlighting the important role of antibodies in protective immunity for this disease. However, the mechanisms underlying potential evasion from antibody mediated immune pressure are not well understood. To analyse possible mutations involved in immune evasion in the MARV envelope glycoprotein (GP) which is the major target of protective antibodies, we selected escape mutants of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) expressing MARV GP (rVSVΔG/MARVGP) by using two GP-specific mAbs, AGP127-8 and MGP72-17, which have been previously shown to inhibit MARV budding. Interestingly, several rVSVΔG/MARVGP variants escaping from the mAb pressure-acquired amino acid substitutions in the furin-cleavage site rather than in the mAb-specific epitopes, suggesting that these epitopes are recessed, not exposed on the uncleaved GP molecule, and therefore inaccessible to the mAbs. More surprisingly, some variants escaping mAb MGP72-17 lacked a large proportion of the mucin-like region of GP, indicating that these mutants efficiently escaped the selective pressure by deleting the mucin-like region including the mAb-specific epitope. Our data demonstrate that MARV GP possesses the potential to evade antibody mediated immune pressure due to extraordinary structural flexibility and variability.