gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemistry of sulfoxides and related compounds. XLVIII. Mechanism of nucleophilic alkylidene transfer by sulfonium and oxosulfonium ylides (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of sulfoxides and related compounds. XLVIII. Mechanism of nucleophilic alkylidene transfer by sulfonium and oxosulfonium ylidesCarl R. Johnson, Calvin W. Schroeck, and James R. ShanklinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 22, 7424–7431Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00803a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00803a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views843Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
S-ketamine for the treatment of depression (2015)

Ketamine infusion has been reported to rapidly relieve depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). It has also been tested in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) anaesthesia and has been suggested to enhance the response to ECT. S-ketamine is less studied than a racemic mixture or R-enantiomer in these patients. S-ketamine is more potent as an anaesthetic and might thus also have a better antidepressive effect. In this article we present recent data concerning the antidepressive and adverse effects of S-ketamine compared with racemic and R-ketamine in major depressive disorder (MDD), especially in TRD. Based on recent literature, it is obvious that S-ketamine also possesses antidepressive properties. In ECT anaesthesia, S-ketamine might enhance the antidepressive effect of this treatment. S-ketamine may also be preferable when compared with other anaesthetics regarding adverse cognitive effects. Its adverse psychotomimetic effects may be avoidable when used in anaesthetic doses. Although the data on S-ketamine at the moment is only based on case reports and expert opinions rather than adequate prospective randomized studies, it still may offer an important option when treating severe and resistant depression.
High-power, high-efficiency laser diodes at JDSU (2007)

Laser diodes and bars with high efficiency, power, and reliability are critical for a wide variety of applications including direct material processing and pumping high power and efficient fiber lasers and solid state lasers. We present progress towards the 80% power conversion efficiency goal of the DARPA Super High Efficiency Diode Sources (SHEDS) program. Currently using JDSU SHEDS technology, laser bars and stacks respectively achieve as high as 76% and 73% total power conversion efficiency at room temperature. Single-emitter laser diodes incorporating SHEDS technology achieve up to 19W peak CW power from a 100um wide aperture.
Radar High-Speed Maneuvering Target Detection Based on Three-Dimensional Scaled Transform (2018)

This paper presents a novel coherent high-speed maneuvering target detection algorithm, which is based on the three-dimensional (3-D) scaled transform. This algorithm coherently integrates the echo energy into a peak in a 3-D parameter space and estimates the target's radial velocity and acceleration simultaneously by the peak detection technique. Thereafter, compensating off the across range unit and Doppler frequency migration via estimations, this algorithm coherently integrates the echo energy in the range-Doppler space and uses the constant false alarm rate technique to complete the target detection. The cross term of the proposed algorithm is also analyzed and its characteristic indicates the applicability in the scenario of multiple targets. The computational complexity, resolution, peak-to-sidelobe level (PSL), and detection performance are analyzed and compared with several typical algorithms, which leads us to conclude that the proposed algorithm can strike a balance between the computational complexity and detection performance with high resolution and PSL. Finally, experiments with the real measured radar data are conducted to verify the proposed algorithm.
Princeton Tokamak Reaches Record Plasma Ion Temperature (1986)

The large Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory has entered a new regime of “enhanced confinement” operation. The first spectacular consequence of this new regime is the attainment of a record ion temperature of 20 keV—more than 200 million kelvin. For the first time, a tokamak is creating plasmas with ion temperatures hot enough for ignition and fusion-reactor operation.
DNA Ventures into the World Of Designer Materials (1997)

Organic molecules have an unparalleled ability to seek out and latch onto particular partners. Just witness antibodies' proficiency at homing in on precise molecular targets. Inorganic materials, meanwhile, have their own fortes, such as strength and electrical conductivity. Over the past year, chemists in the United States and Ireland have taken initial steps at forging a new link between these two chemical families by creating designer materials in which DNA and other organic molecules help connect tiny inorganic particles to create exquisitely organized structures with surprising new properties.
ATM-providing broadband services to the warrior (1994)

Today's tactical communication systems are limited in data rate and use reserved bandwidth assignments which restrict data and video services. Operation Desert Storm demonstrated a much more extensive desire for distribution of video, imagery, computer text, and data files than existing tactical systems are capable of providing. The increasing need for imagery will drive the requirement for more bandwidth in tactical links. Desire for full-motion video will follow. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) allows allocating/re-allocating bandwidth on demand and the carrying of nearly any mix of voice, data, and video over a common communication network. The major difficulty in the application of ATM to the tactical environment is the high channel bit error rate on tactical radio links. There are also some features which must be added to a commercially designed ATM network to satisfy military requirements. This paper explores the feasibility of providing a basic communications utility for disadvantaged tactical users, with a specified residual cell error rate on a shared trunk. Users having more stringent error requirements can insert additional user-provided error protection in the information field. It is shown that the probability of cell misdelivery can be controlled by adding more CRC (cyclic redundancy check) bytes to the ATM cell header.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Outcomes and Satisfaction Rates for the Redesigned 2-Piece Penile Prosthesis (2006)

The redesigned Ambicor 2-piece penile prosthesis appears to be safe and effective. It is associated with a low rate of revision as well as high patient and partner satisfaction.
Nanoparticles of Short Cationic Peptidopolysaccharide Self-Assembled by Hydrogen Bonding with Antibacterial Effect against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (2017)

Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and polymers are active against many multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, but only a limited number of these compounds are in clinical use due to their unselective toxicity. The typical strategy for achieving selective antibacterial efficacy with low mammalian cell toxicity is through balancing the ratio of cationicity to hydrophobicity. Herein, we report a cationic nanoparticle self-assembled from chitosan-graft-oligolysine (CSM5-K5) chains with ultralow molecular weight (1450 Da) that selectively kills bacteria. Further, hydrogen bonding rather than the typical hydrophobic interaction causes the polymer chains to be aggregated together in water into small nanoparticles (with about 37 nm hydrodynamic radius) to concentrate the cationic charge of the lysine. When complexed with bacterial membrane, these cationic nanoparticles synergistically cluster anionic membrane lipids and produce a greater membrane perturbation and antibacterial effect than would be achievable by the same quantity of charge if dispersed in individual copolymer molecules in solution. The small zeta potential (+15 mV) and lack of hydrophobicity of the nanoparticles impedes the insertion of the copolymer into the cell bilayer to improve biocompatibility. In vivo study (using a murine excisional wound model) shows that CSM5-K5 suppresses the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria by 4.0 orders of magnitude, an efficacy comparable to that of the last resort MRSA antibiotic vancomycin; it is also noninflammatory with little/no activation of neutrophils (CD11b and Ly6G immune cells). This study demonstrates a promising new class of cationic polymers-short cationic peptidopolysaccharides-that effectively attack MDR bacteria due to the synergistic clustering of, rather than insertion into, bacterial anionic lipids by the concentrated polymers in the resulting hydrogen-bonding-stabilized cationic nanoparticles.
The measurement and dimensionality of brand associations (2000)

Abstract The purpose of the research reported here was to test empirically a conceptualization of brand associations that consists of three dimensions: brand image, brand attitude and perceived quality. A better understanding of brand associations is needed to facilitate further theoretical development and practical measurement of the construct. Three studies were conducted to: test a protocol for developing product category specific measures of brand image; investigate the dimensionality of the brand associations construct; and explore whether the degree of dimensionality of brand associations varies depending upon a brand's familiarity. Findings confirm the efficacy of the brand image protocol and indicate that brand associations differ across brands and product categories. The latter finding supports the conclusion that brand associations for different products should be measured using different items. As predicted, dimensionality of brand associations was found to be influenced by brand familiarity.
III–V/Si Hybrid MOS Optical Phase Shifter for Si Photonic Integrated Circuits (2019)

We present a novel optical phase modulation scheme on a Si photonic platform that uses a III-V/Si hybrid metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor formed by bonding an n-type InGaAsP membrane on a p-type Si waveguide. We numerically revealed that the phase modulation efficiency was improved by a factor of 7-8 owing to electron accumulation at the InGaAsP MOS interface when the n-type Si layer in a Si MOS optical phase shifter was replaced by an n-type InGaAsP layer. To realize the III-V/Si hybrid MOS capacitor, we developed an Al2O3 bonding interface deposited by atomic layer deposition that enabled a low interface trap density of <;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> ·eV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> at an InGaAsP MOS interface, which was essential for electron accumulation. We demonstrated a modulation efficiency of 0.047 V·cm at 1.55-μm wavelength owing to the electron-induced change in the refractive index of InGaAsP. Since no holes were induced in the III-V layer of the III-V/Si hybrid MOS capacitor, we avoided large hole-induced absorption in InGaAsP. As a result, when we had a π phase shift, we obtained optical absorption of 0.23 dB, approximately ten times smaller than that of a Si MOS optical phase shifter. We found by numerical analysis that the efficient low-loss III-V/Si hybrid MOS optical phase shifter improved markedly the optical modulation amplitude, indicating its suitability for high-speed modulation beyond 100 Gb/s. We also demonstrated a Mach-Zehnder interferometer optical switch using the proposed optical phase shifter with a switching time of less than 20 ns. We achieved an extremely low switching power of approximately 1 nW, enabling a large-scale optical switch and universal photonic integrated circuits. We also discuss the feasibility of a photonic neural network for deep learning.
Relationship of insulin binding and insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity is altered in type II diabetes. (1987)

The insulin receptor contains an alpha subunit with insulin binding properties and a beta subunit with insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase function. Preparations containing insulin and insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors were obtained from solubilized human red cell membranes by affinity chromatography. After separate assays for insulin binding and insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase activities, a high degree of correlation was found between these activities in preparations from normals and diabetics. Identical studies using IGF-I as the ligand showed a lesser degree of correlation. We compared 24 normal subjects and 14 untreated type II diabetics and found significant diminution in the slope of the line coupling insulin binding and insulin-stimulated kinase activities in the diabetics. This difference was not observed in a similar study of IGF-I-related activities. Compared to normal controls, untreated type II diabetics have reduced tyrosine kinase activity stimulated per unit insulin binding.
Sophocles, Antigone and Oedipus the King. A Companion to the Penguin Translation of Robert Fagles. Pp. 111. Paper £4.95; <i>Plautus, Menaechmi</i>. A Companion to the <i>Brothers Menaechmus</i> from Plautus: <i>The Pot of Gold and Other Plays</i>, translated by E. F. Watling, published in the Penguin Classics. Pp. 77, with 1 map. Paper £4.95; <i>Tacitus, Annals 14</i>. A Companion to Book 14 of Tacitus: <i>The Annals of Imperial Rome</i>, translated by Michael Grant, published in the Penguin Classics. Pp. 58. Paper £4.95. (1988)

Sophocles, Antigone and Oedipus the King. A Companion to the Penguin Translation of Robert Fagles. Pp. 111. Paper £4.95; Plautus, Menaechmi. A Companion to the Brothers Menaechmus from Plautus: The Pot of Gold and Other Plays, translated by E. F. Watling, published in the Penguin Classics. Pp. 77, with 1 map. Paper £4.95; Tacitus, Annals 14. A Companion to Book 14 of Tacitus: The Annals of Imperial Rome, translated by Michael Grant, published in the Penguin Classics. Pp. 58. Paper £4.95. - Volume 35 Issue 1
Preparations and oil absorptivities of poly(stearyl methacrylate-co-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate) and PET nonwoven fiber photocrosslinked with it (1999)

Cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate (CEMA) was synthesized by the reaction of cinnamoyl chloride (CMC) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Its copolymers with stearyl methacrylate (SMA) were synthesized using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. The synthesized copolymers, poly(SMA-co-CEMA)s (PSCMAs), were photocrosslinked by UV light irradiation. The structures of the products were confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopies. The thermal properties of the synthesized polymers were determined by DSC. The crystalline melting temperature of crosslinked PSCMA was decreased with increasing CEMA content in the feed. The oil absorptivities of the synthesized polymers were evaluated by the ASTM method (F726-81). The highest oil absorptivity of crosslinked PSCMA on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nonwoven fiber (NWF) was 610% in 10% crude oil diluted with toluene when the mol percentage of CEMA to SMA in the feed was 7.5. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2349–2357, 1999
Systems Modeling and Design of Automated Directional Drilling Systems (2014)

Abstract A simple technique has been devised for gaining insight into the directional performance of a wide range of drilling systems. The software for simulating the directional behavior of drilling tools has reached a high level of technical sophistication. However, this has not rendered the analytical path redundant. The role of the computer is vital to both approaches. In the former, it is the immense number-crunching power, and in the latter, it is an ability to search for an explanation of what the complex mathematical forms actually mean. The technique employed will be accessible to engineers with a basic understanding of circuit analysis. The lateral borehole propagation response of a wide class of directional drilling is derived as a simple, first-order delay differential equation. The "delayed" part of the expression is determined by the contact points of the bottomhole assembly (BHA) with the borehole. With this insight, a succinct and intuitive method for constructing the transfer-function response of a drilling system's directional tendency consequent upon the influence of gravity, weight on bit (WOB), and active steering actuator influences will be explored. The analytical approach gives simple algebraic forms for a tool's dogleg capability and leads to simple graphical techniques for determining if the trajectory will be smooth or spiraled. The directional capability of passive BHAs to build, drop, or hold is considered first as a springboard to analyze today's rotary steerable systems (RSS) wherein the strength of the steering actuation overshadows the BHA's inherent gravity-induced directional tendency. This leads to an understanding of how closing the loop around a directional drilling system will impact the performance of a wider automated steering system.
Enhanced Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from Throat Washings with a Newly Modified Culture Medium (1979)

Two hundred throat washings, previously screened and presumed negative for Mycoplasma pneumoniae in conventional mycoplasma culture media, were retested for the organism in a modified medium (PS-4) initially developed for cultivation of a tick-derived Mycoplasma (spiroplasma). The organism was rapidly identified with an agar plate immunofluorescence procedure. M. pneumoniae was isolated from 69 (34.5%) of the 200 "negative" specimens cultured on a diphasic SP-4 medium, in contrast to 10 isolations (5%) made on conventional diphasic mycoplasma medium. This enhanced recovery of M. pneumoniae represented a combination of a superior culture medium and a more efficient identification technique. The findings suggest that these procedures might be effectively applied to the recovery of M. pneumoniae from all likely host and that improved recovery of the organism may aid in the interpretation of a number of puzzling questions about the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae infections.
Structural and electrical properties of β-FeSi2 bulk materials for thermoelectric applications (2012)

β-FeSi2 bulk materials for thermoelectric applications were prepared from high-purity (99.99%) β-FeSi2 powders or mixed Si and Fe powders. First, FeSi2 powders were milled to reduce the particle size, which can improve the thermoelectric figure of merit by reducing lattice thermal conductivity. Second, they were cold pressed and then sintered by two different sintering methods: a conventional electrical furnace and a Plasma Activated Sintering (PAS) system. The bulk densities and grain sizes were decreased by ball milling of the powders starting materials. The comparison of the two sintering methods showed that, the sample density of the PAS samples was 11%- 23% higher than that of the samples sintered in the conventional electrical furnace. Moreover, the comparison of the two types of powders, β-FeSi2 and the mixture of Fe and Si, indicated that, β-FeSi2 bulk crystals were formed only when β-FeSi2 powders were used.
Two-dimensional fine particle positioning using a piezoresistive cantilever as a micro/nano-manipulator (2003)

In this paper, a fine particle positioning system using a piezoresistive cantilever, which is normally utilized in atomic force microscopy, as the manipulator is proposed. Modeling and control of the interaction forces among the manipulator, particle and surface have been realized for moving particles with sizes less than 3 /spl mu/m on a Si substrate in 2D. Optical microscope (OM) is utilized as the vision sensor, and the cantilever behaves also as a force sensor which enables contact detection and surface alignment sensing. A 2D OM real-time image feedback constitutes the main user interface, where the operator uses mouse cursor and keyboard for defining the task for the cantilever motion controller. Particle manipulation experiments are realized for 2.02 /spl mu/m goal-coated latex particles, and it is shown that the system can be utilized in 2D micro-particle assembling.
Endometrial apoptosis and neutrophil infiltration during menstruation exhibits spatial and temporal dynamics that are recapitulated in a mouse model (2017)

Menstruation is characterised by synchronous shedding and restoration of tissue integrity. An in vivo model of menstruation is required to investigate mechanisms responsible for regulation of menstrual physiology and to investigate common pathologies such as heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). We hypothesised that our mouse model of simulated menstruation would recapitulate the spatial and temporal changes in the inflammatory microenvironment of human menses. Three regulatory events were investigated: cell death (apoptosis), neutrophil influx and cytokine/chemokine expression. Well-characterised endometrial tissues from women were compared with uteri from a mouse model (tissue recovered 0, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after removal of a progesterone-secreting pellet). Immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) revealed significantly increased staining in human endometrium from late secretory and menstrual phases. In mice, CC3 was significantly increased at 8 and 24 h post-progesterone-withdrawal. Elastase<sup>+</sup> human neutrophils were maximal during menstruation; Ly6G<sup>+</sup> mouse neutrophils were maximal at 24 h. Human endometrial and mouse uterine cytokine/chemokine mRNA concentrations were significantly increased during menstrual phase and 24 h post-progesterone-withdrawal respectively. Data from dated human samples revealed time-dependent changes in endometrial apoptosis preceding neutrophil influx and cytokine/chemokine induction during active menstruation. These dynamic changes were recapitulated in the mouse model of menstruation, validating its use in menstrual research.
Long-term room temperature storage of high-quality embryonic stem cell genomic DNA extracted with a simple and rapid procedure. (2006)

A very simple procedure for the isolation of high-quality, high-molecular-weight genomic DNA from embryonic stem cells is described. The DNA is very stable once dried and can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration. Living cells are lysed in a sodium dodecyl sulfate and EDTA buffer containing proteinase K and then air-dried. Samples can be processed in bulk, and an individual can easily process thousands of samples for extraction and shipment on a daily basis using only common laboratory materials such as plastic ware and a multichannel pipetteman.