gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and design of a new active power filter to cancel neutral current harmonics in three phase four wire electric distribution systems (2002)

An active power filter for cancelling harmonic currents in the neutral of a three-phase four-wire system is proposed. This approach employs a star/delta transformer along with a two-switch PWM (pulse-width-modulated) controlled active filter. The closed-loop control of the active power filter guarantees cancellation of neutral current harmonics under varying load conditions. The proposed system greatly improves the overall system performance and virtually eliminates transformer overheating due to harmonics. Experimental results from a prototype active power filter confirm the suitability of the proposed approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Autonomous learning algorithm for fully connected recurrent networks. (2003)

Abstract:. In this paper a fully connected RTRL neural network is studied. In order to learn dynamical behaviours of linear-processes or to predict time series, an autonomous learning algorithm has been developed. The originality of this method consists of the gradient based adaptation of the learning rate and time parameter of the neurons using a small perturbations method. Starting from zero initial conditions (neural states, rate of learning, time parameter and matrix of weights) the evolution is completely driven by the dynamic of the learning data. Two examples are proposed, the first one deals with the learning of second order linear process and the second one with the prediction of the chaotic intensity of NH3 laser. This last example illustrates how our network is able to follow high frequencies. Recurrent neural networks are very helpful to solve dynamical problems. Properties of dynamical recurrent networks such as oscillatory or chaotic behaviours were studied between 1989 and 1995 [1, 2]. Recently, various applications have been
Low-temperature atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of polycrystalline tin nitride thin films (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-temperature atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of polycrystalline tin nitride thin filmsRoy G. Gordon, David M. Hoffman, and Umar RiazCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 1, 68–71Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00019a016https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00019a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views521Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sketching Sparse Matrices (2013)

This paper considers the problem of recovering an unknown sparse p\times p matrix X from an m\times m matrix Y=AXB^T, where A and B are known m \times p matrices with m << p. The main result shows that there exist constructions of the "sketching" matrices A and B so that even if X has O(p) non-zeros, it can be recovered exactly and efficiently using a convex program as long as these non-zeros are not concentrated in any single row/column of X. Furthermore, it suffices for the size of Y (the sketch dimension) to scale as m = O(\sqrt{# nonzeros in X} \times log p). The results also show that the recovery is robust and stable in the sense that if X is equal to a sparse matrix plus a perturbation, then the convex program we propose produces an approximation with accuracy proportional to the size of the perturbation. Unlike traditional results on sparse recovery, where the sensing matrix produces independent measurements, our sensing operator is highly constrained (it assumes a tensor product structure). Therefore, proving recovery guarantees require non-standard techniques. Indeed our approach relies on a novel result concerning tensor products of bipartite graphs, which may be of independent interest. This problem is motivated by the following application, among others. Consider a p\times n data matrix D, consisting of n observations of p variables. Assume that the correlation matrix X:=DD^{T} is (approximately) sparse in the sense that each of the p variables is significantly correlated with only a few others. Our results show that these significant correlations can be detected even if we have access to only a sketch of the data S=AD with A \in R^{m\times p}.
Minimum Transendothelial Electrical Resistance Thresholds for the Study of Small and Large Molecule Drug Transport in a Human <i>in Vitro</i> Blood–Brain Barrier Model (2016)

A human cell-based in vitro model that can accurately predict drug penetration into the brain as well as metrics to assess these in vitro models are valuable for the development of new therapeutics. Here, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are differentiated into a polarized monolayer that express blood-brain barrier (BBB)-specific proteins and have transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) values greater than 2500 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>. By assessing the permeabilities of several known drugs, a benchmarking system to evaluate brain permeability of drugs was established. Furthermore, relationships between TEER and permeability to both small and large molecules were established, demonstrating that different minimum TEER thresholds must be achieved to study the brain transport of these two classes of drugs. This work demonstrates that this hPSC-derived BBB model exhibits an in vivo-like phenotype, and the benchmarks established here are useful for assessing functionality of other in vitro BBB models.
Con A suppressor cell assay: a further characterization. (1983)

Con A induced suppressor cell assay was further characterized in this study. Significant lower mitogenic responses of autologous fresh cells cocultured with Con A-activated cells were found when compared with the response of cocultures of responders plus control cells preincubated in medium alone. However, Con A-activated cells did not express a real suppression, since no difference was found between responses of fresh responders alone and responses of cocultures with Con A-activated cells. So, Con A activation seemed to block the expression of the enhancement provided by control cells to autologous responders, rather than to induce a real suppressor activity. The induction of the Con A suppressor cell activity required cell proliferation but it was not proportional to the degree of DNA synthesis. Monocyte depleted cell populations exhibited lower Con A suppressor cell activity compared to unfractionated cells, suggesting a cooperative role of monocytes in the Con A induction step. The expression of this activity was not due to a cytotoxicity against the responders and was dependent on the number of activated cells added. Mononuclear cells from active lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, but not from inactive SLE patients differed from normal controls in showing a significant loss of suppression index.
Conformational and photophysical studies on porphyrin-containing donor–bridge–acceptor compounds. Charge separation in micellar nanoreactors (2005)

Photophysical studies with semi-rigid, 1, and flexible, 2, donor-bridge-acceptor (D-b-A2+) molecules with D a porphyrin and A2+ a methyl viologen moiety, were performed in neat polar solvents as well as included in surfactant (DTAB) aqueous and in reverse AOT/n-alkane micelles. The micelles acted as nanoreactors for the photoinduced electron transfer reaction upon laser excitation. In spite of the longer lifetime of the charge separated (CS) state in the semi-rigid tetrad 1(ca. 200 ns vs. ca. 100 ns for the flexible dyad 2), the CS formation quantum yield, for example in acetonitrile, was lower for the former (phi(CS) = 0.13) than for the latter (0.58). Comparison of the time-resolved fluorescence data in neat solvent and in the micelles yielded the phi(CS) values in the dilute micellar solutions. Application of laser-induced optoacoustic spectroscopy at various temperatures to 1 dissolved in a polar organic solvent (benzonitrile, BZN) included in aqueous DTAB nanoreactors afforded structural volume changes for the production in hundreds of ps of the CS state upon excitation of a polar molecule. The contraction during CS formation upon excitation of the collapsed conformer in BZN is attributed to the entering of solvent into the open molecular cavity. The opening upon formation of the CS state due to photoinduced electron transfer in the 1 collapsed conformation arises from the repulsion of the two positively charged ends in this state, as previously calculated. Inclusion of 1 in reverse AOT micelles in various n-alkanes also led to a contraction upon excitation, but the data had much more error due to the limited range of variability of the ratio of thermoelastic parameters. The data obtained with the more flexible "supermolecule" 2 showed the predicted large conformation flexibility of these molecules.
Architecture and details of a high quality, large-scale analytical placer (2005)

Modern design requirements have brought additional complexities to netlists and layouts. Millions of components, whitespace resources, and fixed/movable blocks are just a few to mention in the list of complexities. With these complexities in mind, placers are faced with the burden of finding an arrangement of placeable objects under strict wirelength, timing, and power constraints. In this paper we describe the architecture and novel details of our high quality, large-scale analytical placer. The performance of our placer has been recently recognized in the recent ISPD-2005 placement contest, and in this paper we disclose many of the technical details that we believe are key factors to its performance. We describe (i) a new clustering architecture, (ii) a dynamically adaptive analytical solver, and (iii) better legalization schemes and novel detailed placement methods. We also provide extensive experimental results on a number of benchmark sets. On average, our results are better than the best published results by 3%, 14%, and 6% for the IBM ISPD '04, ICCAD '04, and ISPD '05 benchmark sets respectively. One of the goals of this paper is to also provide enough details to enable possible future replication of our methods.
Innate Immunity (2005)

Immunologists view innate immunity as evolution’s ancient host response to infectious agents. Unlike vertebrates, in which antibodies and T-cell subsets rely on somatic mutations, molecular participants of innate immunity are encoded in the genome. Despite its heritage, many of innate immunity’s sentinel molecules, intracellular transcriptional controls, and effector molecules participate in the pathogenesis of numerous complex human diseases.
THE BLOOD BANK OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL (1940)

For many years the pediatric service of the Johns Hopkins Hospital has stored citrated blood in 500 cc. quantities as drawn from adult donors, to be parceled out to one or several recipients. This practice arose from the necessity for small transfusions and from the inconvenience of taking repeated small amounts from donors. The surgical service has also drawn blood in anticipation of its use for one patient and occasionally has found it convenient to give it to another. This blood was stored for varying periods, on one occasion as long as seventeen days. These small and occasional blood stores constituted informal banks and differed essentially from the routine practice in transfusions at the time only in that the blood was kept in the transfusion system (or at times poured over into sterile flasks) for days instead of minutes between being drawn and administered. In the early part of 1939
The modular architecture of leukocyte cell‐surface receptors (1998)

Cells of the immune system have a large number of protein receptors on their surfaces, with a wide range of binding functions. They are, however, constructed from a limited set of protein structural units, which are recognisable at the sequence level. The 3D structure of many of these domains, or modules, is now known. These modular units and their structures are reviewed here. The ways in which they are assembled into multidomain receptor chains and oligomeric complexes of receptors are also discussed.
Crystalline 1<i>H</i>‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐5‐ylidenes: New Stable Mesoionic Carbenes (MICs) (2010)

Click makes MICs: A short modular synthesis allows the preparation of novel stable heterocycles that feature a lone pair of electrons on a carbon center. The donor properties of these mesoionic compounds are greater than those of classical N-heterocyclic carbenes; they are accessible by deprotonation of the corresponding conjugate acids using comparatively mild bases.
Counting People and Recognizing Wheelchairs at Elevator Lobby by Real-Time Image Processing (2009)

This paper proposes a real-time image processing system for wheelchair recognition at elevator lobby. This system extracts objects with frame difference method. From the image of extracted objects, heads of people are detected by the Hough transform. Vertical shooting from ceiling improves the performance of people counting since the detected head has high roundness and occlusion of people is prevented. Two feature quantities are introduced to recognize wheelchairs. They are the area value and the ratio of traveling length to vertical length. Since these quantities require a method for drawing the contour line. This paper proposes a new simple method to draw a contour line. The effectiveness of this system is confirmed through experiments.
Evidence that palmitic acid is absorbed as<i>sn</i>‐2 monoacylglycerol from human milk by breast‐fed infants (1994)

Milk fatty acids consist of about 20-25% palmitic acid (16:0), with about 70% of 16:0 esterified to the sn-2 position of the milk triacylglycerols. Hydrolysis of dietary triacylglycerols by endogeneous lipases produces sn-2 monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids, which are absorbed, reesterified, and then secreted into plasma. Unesterified 16:0 is not well absorbed and readily forms soaps with calcium in the intestine. The positioning of 16:0 at the sn-2 position of milk triacylglycerols could explain the high coefficient of absorption of milk fat. However, the milk lipase, bile salt-stimulated lipase, has been suggested to complete the hydrolysis of milk fat to free fatty acids and glycerol. These studies determined whether 16:0 is absorbed from human milk as sn-2 monopalmitin by comparison of the plasma triacylglycerol total and sn-2 position fatty acid composition between breast-fed and formula-fed term gestation infants. The human milk and formula had 21.0 and 22.3% of 16:0, respectively, with 54.2 and 4.8% 16:0 in the fatty acids esterified to the 2 position. The plasma triacylglycerol total fatty acids had 26.0 +/- 0.6 and 26.2 +/- 0.6% of 16:0, and the sn-2 position fatty acids had 23.3 +/- 3.3 and 7.4 +/- 0.7% of 16:0 in the three-month-old exclusively breast-fed (n = 17) and formula-fed (n = 18) infants, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dynamic biventricular interaction during systole (1990)

Santamore, William P. PhD; Damiano, Ralph J. Jr. MD; Yamaguchi, Sejii MD; Taher, Mona PhD Author Information
Growth of quasi-single crystal superconducting Y<sub>1</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub>rods by melt processing (1989)

Pre-sintered rods of stoichiometric Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x have been heated in air to 1050 degrees C and their solidification behaviour has been investigated under both isothermal and low-temperature gradient growth conditions. Quasi-single crystals 2 mm in diameter and up to 20 mm long have been produced. The quasi-single-crystal character has been confirmed by following the optical, twin-related domain pattern through the crystals during grinding and polishing. Following annealing in oxygen a sharp superconducting transition at 92 K was observed.
The interplay of HER2/HER3/PI3K and EGFR/HER2/PLC <i>‐γ</i> 1 signalling in breast cancer cell migration and dissemination (2012)

HER2 signalling by heterodimerisation with EGFR and HER3 in breast cancer is associated with worst outcome of the afflicted patients, which is attributed not only to the aggressiveness of such tumours but also to therapy resistance. Thus, in the present study we investigated the role of EGFR, HER2 and HER3 lateral signalling in cell migration by applying the MDA-MB-468-HER2 (MDA-HER2) breast cancer cell line, representing a valid model system. Knockdown of HER3 expression by siRNA resulted in decreased phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) levels, abrogated epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated PLC-γ1 activation and a diminished EGF-induced migratory activity, depicting the interplay of EGF receptor (EGFR)/HER2/PLC-γ1 and HER2/HER3/PI3K signalling in mediating the migration of EGFR/HER2/HER3-expressing breast cancer cells. Since therapy failure usually arises from metastatic cells, we further investigated whether HER3 signalling was active in established breast cancer disseminated tumour cell (DTC) lines as well as in primary DTCs derived from breast cancer patients. EGF treatment of DTC lines resulted solely in increased pAKT S473 levels, whereas in MDA-HER2 cells both pAKT S473 and pAKT T308 levels were increased upon EGF stimulation. Moreover, despite active HER3 molecules, as indicated by pTyr1222 staining, about 90% of analysed breast cancer patient DTCs exhibited very low or even no detectable pAKT S473 levels, suggesting that these cells might have fallen into dormancy. In summary, our data indicate the important role in EGFR, HER2 and HER3 lateral signalling in breast cancer cell migration. Moreover, our data further show that primary tumour cells and DTCs can vary in their HER activation status, which is important to know in the context of cancer therapy.
Learning transmission delays in spiking neural networks: A novel approach to sequence learning based on spike delay variance (2012)

Transmission delays are an inherent component of spiking neural networks (SNNs) but relatively little is known about how delays are adapted in biological systems and studies on computational learning mechanisms have focused on spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) which adjusts synaptic weights rather than synaptic delays. We propose a novel algorithm for learning temporal delays in SNNs with Gaussian synapses, which we call spike-delay-variance learning (SDVL). A key feature of the algorithm is adaptation of the shape (mean and variance) of the postsynaptic release profiles only, rather than the conventional STDP approach of adapting the network's synaptic weights. The algorithm's ability to learn temporal input sequences was tested in three studies using supervised and unsupervised learning within feed-forward networks. SDVL was able to successfully classify forty spatiotemporal patterns without supervision by providing robust, effective adaption of the postsynaptic release profiles. The results demonstrate how delay learning can contribute to the stability of spiking sequences, and that there is a potential role for adaption of variance as well as mean values in learning algorithms for spiking neural networks.
Antimycotic Ciclopirox Olamine in the Diabetic Environment Promotes Angiogenesis and Enhances Wound Healing (2011)

Diabetic wounds remain a major medical challenge with often disappointing outcomes despite the best available care. An impaired response to tissue hypoxia and insufficient angiogenesis are major factors responsible for poor healing in diabetic wounds. Here we show that the antimycotic drug ciclopirox olamine (CPX) can induce therapeutic angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. Treatment with CPX in vitro led to upregulation of multiple angiogenic genes and increased availability of HIF-1α. Using an excisional wound splinting model in diabetic mice, we showed that serial topical treatment with CPX enhanced wound healing compared to vehicle control treatment, with significantly accelerated wound closure, increased angiogenesis, and increased dermal cellularity. These findings offer a promising new topical pharmacologic therapy for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Ovarian Steroid Protection against Coronary Artery Hyperreactivity in Rhesus Monkeys1 (1998)

Our hypothesis was that estrogen and progesterone modulate coronary artery reactivity in rhesus monkeys. Adult ovariectomized (ovx) monkeys were treated for 1, 2, or 4 wk with physiological concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), natural progesterone (P), and/or therapeutic levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Steroid concentrations in venous blood, coronary artery estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) localization, and isolated vascular muscle cell (VMC) Ca2+ and protein kinase C responses to serotonin and U46619 (a thromboxane A2 mimetic) were measured. Ovx monkey VMC responses were hyperreactive, showing prolonged increases in intracellular Ca2+ and protein kinase C that correlated with exaggerated in vivo coronary artery vasoconstrictor responses. The hyperreactive Ca2+ responses were abolished by in vivo treatment with E2 and/or P. However, VMC from ovx monkeys treated with the combination of E2 and MPA or E2, P, and MPA remained hyperreactive to vasoconstrictor stimuli, suggesting that MPA negated the protective effects of E2. ER were detected primarily in interstitial and endothelial cells and a minor fraction of the VMC. PR were localized to coronary artery VMC and interstitial cell nuclei. In vivo treatment of ovx monkeys with E2 tended to up-regulate PR in VMC, but MPA appeared to down-regulate PR expression. These results suggest that E2 and P replacement decreases coronary artery reactivity through direct interactions with ER and PR in coronary artery VMC.