gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of device instability of bottom-gate ZnO transistors with sol–gel derived channel layers (2017)

In this paper, the authors report the device instability of solution based ZnO thin film transistors by studying the time-evolution of electrical characteristics during electrical stressing and subsequent relaxation. A systematic comparison between ambient and vacuum conditions was carried out to investigate the effect of adsorption of oxygen and water molecules, which leads to the creation of defects in the channel layer. The observed subthreshold swing and change in field effect mobility under gate bias stressing have supported the fact that oxygen and moisture directly affect the threshold voltage shift. The authors have presented the comprehensive analysis of device relaxation under both ambient and vacuum conditions to further confirm the defect creation and charge trapping/detrapping process since it has not been reported before. It was hypothesized that chemisorbed molecules form acceptorlike traps and can diffuse into the ZnO thin film through the void on the grain boundary, being relocated even near the semiconductor/dielectric interface. The stretched exponential and power law model fitting reinforce the conclusion of defect creation by oxygen and moisture adsorption on the active layer.
Improved Treatment of the Protein Backbone in Empirical Force Fields (2003)

Empirical force field-based calculations of proteins, including protein-folding studies, have improved our understanding of the relationship of their structure to their biological function. However, limitations in the accuracy of empirical force fields in the treatment of the peptide backbone exist. Presented is a grid correction approach to improve the treatment of the peptide backbone phi/psi conformational energies. Inclusion of this correction with the CHARMM22 all-atom protein force field is shown to lead to significant improvement in the treatment of the conformational energies of both the peptide model compound, the alanine dipeptide, and of proteins in their crystal environment. The developed approach is suggested to lead to significant improvements in the accuracy of empirical force fields to treat peptides and proteins.
Dehydrogenation of Propane over Silica‐Supported Platinum–Tin Catalysts Prepared by Direct Reduction: Effects of Tin/Platinum Ratio and Reduction Temperature (2014)

Abstract A series of Pt‐Sn/SiO 2 catalysts with different Sn/Pt atomic ratios (1/3–3) were prepared by a direct reduction method and tested for the dehydrogenation of propane to propylene. Structural characterization by XRD, TEM, CO adsorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed that the Pt‐Sn/SiO 2 catalysts possessed a highly dispersed Pt‐Sn alloy core with a Sn‐rich surface regardless of the Sn/Pt ratio or reduction temperature. Highly dispersed SnO 2 coexisted with the Pt‐Sn alloy particles, and part of the Pt‐Sn alloy surface was covered with SnO 2 . Among the catalysts prepared, 1Pt1Sn/SiO 2 _1073 K (Sn/Pt ratio=1, reduced at 1073 K), composed of Pt 3 Sn alloy with a small fraction of Pt‐Sn alloy, exhibited the highest activity. In contrast, if the Sn/Pt ratio was larger than 1 and/or the reduction temperature was 1273 K, Pt‐Sn alloy was observed mainly and the Pt‐Sn/SiO 2 catalysts showed low activity.
Throughput performance of a class of continuous ARQ strategies for burst-error channels (1992)

The throughput performance of a class of continuous automatic repeat request (ARQ) strategies for burst-error channels modeled by two-state Markov chains is studied. The operation of the investigated ARQ strategies can be described as follows. A chunk of m or fewer copies of each data block is transmitted contiguously to the receiver. Whenever a repeat request is received, the transmitter goes back to and retransmits that data block and all successive ones. However, the maximal number of copies transmitted is equal to n in each retransmission. It is proved that the optimal repetition sequence which maximizes the throughput efficiency among a more general set of ARQ schemes falls in the class of investigated strategies. Numerical results reveal that throughput efficiency is very likely to be maximized at m=n.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Level in Soybean Seed Highly Correlates to Its Contents of Protein and Lipid (1989)

Journal Article Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Level in Soybean Seed Highly Correlates to Its Contents of Protein and Lipid Get access Toshio Sugimoto, Toshio Sugimoto Protein Science Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kiyoshi Tanaka, Kiyoshi Tanaka National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michiko Monma, Michiko Monma Protein Science Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yukio Kawamura, Yukio Kawamura Protein Science Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kyoko Saio Kyoko Saio Protein Science Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 53, Issue 3, 1 March 1989, Pages 885–887, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1989.10869369 Published: 01 March 1989 Article history Received: 25 November 1988 Published: 01 March 1989
Automatic reading of DNA sequencing gel autoradiographs using a large format digital scanner (1986)

We have developed a large format digital scanner for several applications in nucleic acid analysis. Here we describe the scanning of autoradiographs of DNA sequencing gels and a set of programs for reading the base sequence. The programs correct distortions in the gel, recognize bands by their characteristic shape and assign bases to bands by weighting band position and intensity. The sequence read in this way is as accurate as that read by an expert.
Relemed: sentence-level search engine with relevance score for the MEDLINE database of biomedical articles (2007)

By using sentence-level matching, Relemed can deliver higher specificity, thus eliminating more false-positive articles. By introducing an appropriate relevance metric, the most relevant articles on which the user wishes to focus are listed first. Relemed also shrinks the displayed text, and hence the time spent scanning the articles.
A line terminating LSI using echo cancelling method for ISDN subscriber loop transition (1988)

A 144-kb/s digital subscriber loop (DSL) transmission system based on hybrid transmission with an echo cancelling method is described. It incorporates advanced LSI technology to obtain compactness, low cost, and high reliability. An echo canceller (EC) LSI has been developed using CMOS technology. Combined with the multiplexing processor (MXP) LSI, the EC LSI provides basic DSL equipment functions. A specially arranged frame format with a newly developed digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) circuit for stable timing extraction, an automatic balancing network, and a two-stage echo canceller characterize the system. Using this line termination circuit, the DSL equipment showed a reach of over 6 km when used with 0.5 mm diameter cable for 160-kb/s bidirectional digital transmission.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Folate analogs. 34. Synthesis and antitumor activity of non-polyglutamylatable inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (1991)

Five analogues of methotrextate (MTX), 10-deazaaminopterin (10-DAM), and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin (10-EDAM) in which the glutamate moiety was replaced by either a gamma-methyleneglutamate or beta-hydroxyglutamate were synthesized and evaluated for their antifolate activity. These analogous are 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroyl-beta-hydroxyglutamic acid (1), 4-amino-4-deoxy-10-deazapteroyl-beta-hydroxyglutamic acid (2), 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroyl-gamma-methyleneglutamic acid (3, MMTX), 4-amino-4-deoxy-10-deazapteroyl-gamma-methyleneglutamic acid (4, MDAM), and 4-amino-4-deoxy-10-ethyl-10-deazapteroyl-gamma-methyleneglutamic acid (5, MEDAM). None of these compounds were metabolized to the respective polyglutamate derivative as judged by their inability to serve as substrates for CCRF-CEM human leukemia cell folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) in vitro. All compounds inhibited recombinant human-dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) at nearly equivalent magnitude as MTX. Growth-inhibition studies with H35 hepatoma, Manca human lymphoma, and CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells established greater cytotoxic effects with compounds 3-5 than with compounds 1 and 2. gamma-Methyleneglutamate derivatives 3-5 were transported to H35 hepatoma cells better than MTX or beta-hydroxyglutamate derivatives 1 and 2. Compound 3 was 2.5 times better than MTX in competing with folinic acid transport in H35 hepatoma cells. Compound 1 did not have a significant inhibitory effect on folinic acid transport even at 50 microM under identical conditions. The IC50 for compound 1 against H35-hepatoma cell growth was 8.5-fold higher than MTX. Compounds with the gamma-methyleneglutamate moiety (3-5) exhibited almost equal or lower IC50 values than MTX against the growth of CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells. These studies show that on continuous exposure, the non-polyglutamylatable inhibitors DHFR (3-5) can exhibit superior antifolate activity compared to the polyglutamylatable methotrexate, presumably due to their enhanced transport to these cell lines. Compounds 3-5 appear to be excellent models to study the role of polyglutamylation of antifolates in antitumor activity and host toxicity.
Large-aperture electrooptical switches with plasma electrodes (1986)

Longitudinal Pockels' cells with large apertures and high aspect ratios can be designed utilizing a low-pressure glow discharge as a transparent electrode medium. With such plasma electrodes, we have constructed a Pockels' cell with a clear aperture of 26 × 26 cm. We present here the results of a parametric study of this device, a detailed engineering model for the optical performance with plasma electrodes, and considerations for scaling the device to the large apertures (1-3 m) which are of interest to high-energy laser systems for inertial confinement fusion.
Vaccines against nicotine (2009)

Medications against any dependence-inducing drug face a dilemma: if they are efficient, they will induce withdrawal symptoms and the patient is likely to stop taking his medication. Anti drug vaccines are irreversible, provide protection over years and need booster injections far beyond the critical phase of acute withdrawal symptoms. Interacting rather with the drug in the blood than with a receptor in the brain, the vaccines are, in addition, free of side effects due to central interaction. For drugs like nicotine interacting with different types of receptors in many organs, this is a further advantage. There are three reasons that anti drug vaccines have first been developed against nicotine. Firstly, in most parts of the world 20 to 50% of the adult population smoke and any smoking cessation treatment will have an important impact on public health and be commercially a very attractive product. The second reason are the smokers themselves, who would like to quit in significant numbers and who have shown good compliance for any form of treatment. Thirdly, the quantities of cocaine or heroine taken by dependant persons are higher than the quantity of nicotine per cigarette, which makes an anti nicotine vaccine the easier vaccine project. Three anti nicotine vaccines are today in an advanced stage of clinical evaluation. We report here how those vaccines work, on the progress of the trials and future developments to expect. Results show that the efficiency of the vaccines is directly related to the antibody levels of the probates, a fact which will help to optimize further the vaccine effect. We expect the vaccines to appear on the market during a time window between 2009 and 2011.
THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS (1912)

THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS Robert M. SimpsonM. D. CopyRight*Read before the American Public Health Association, Havana, Cuba, 1911. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2.1.1 Published Online: August 30, 2011
C–H Bond Functionalization of Arylpyrimidines Catalyzed by an in situ Generated Ruthenium(II) Carboxylate System and the Construction of Tris(heteroaryl)‐Substituted Benzenes (2011)

Abstract A ruthenium(II) carboxylate catalyst, generated in situ from [RuCl 2 ( p ‐cymene)] 2 and 1‐phenyl‐1‐cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (PCCA) in the presence of K 2 CO 3 , allowed activation of the C–H bond in phenyl‐substituted pyrimidines and their direct functionalization with both electron‐deficient and electron‐rich aryl halides. The scope of this process can be extended to the use of heteroaryl bromides and less reactive aryl chlorides. This Ru II ‐PCCA complex constitutes a better catalytic system in comparison to other carboxylates.
Microstructure of α-alumina thin films deposited at low temperatures on chromia template layers (2003)

Radio frequency sputtering has been used to deposit α-alumina (α-Al2O3) thin films at substrate temperatures of 280–560 °C. The films are shown to be single phased and hard. Nanoindentation gives values of 306±31 and 27±3 GPa for elastic modulus and hardness, respectively, for a substrate temperature of 280 °C. Growth of the α phase was achieved by in situ predeposition of a chromia template layer. Chromia crystallizes in the same hexagonal structure as α-alumina, with a lattice mismatch of 4.1% in the a- and 4.6% in the c-parameter, and is shown to nucleate readily on the amorphous substrates (silicon with a natural oxide layer). This results in local epitaxy of α-alumina on the chromia layer, as is shown by transmission electron microscopy. The alumina grains are columnar with grain widths increasing from 22±7 to 41±9 nm, as the temperature increases from 280 to 560 °C. This is consistent with a surface diffusion dominated growth mode and suggests that α-alumina deposition at low temperatures is possible once initial grain nucleation has occurred. Results are also presented demonstrating chromia/α-alumina growth on a technological substrate (Haynes230 Ni-based super alloy, Haynes International, Inc.).
Design and optimization of a flexible high-peak-power laser-to-fiber coupled illumination system used in digital particle image velocimetry (2004)

We present a study on the design and parameter optimization of a flexible high-peak-power fiber-optic laser delivery system using commercially available solid-core silica fibers and an experimental glass hollow waveguide (HW). The fiber-optic delivery system provides a flexible, safe, and easily and precisely positioned laser irradiation for many applications including uniform illumination for digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). The delivery fibers, when coupled through a line-generating lens, produce a uniform thin laser sheet illumination for accurate and repeatable DPIV two-dimensional velocity measurements. We report experimental results on homogenizing the laser beam profile using various mode-mixing techniques. Furthermore, because a fundamental problem for fiber-optic-based high-peak-power laser delivery systems is the possible damage effects of the fiber material, we determine experimentally the peak power density damage threshold of various delivery fibers designed for the visible spectral range at a typical DPIV laser wavelength of 532 nm. In the case of solid-core silica delivery fibers using conventional lens-based laser-to-fiber coupling, the damage threshold varies from 3.7 GW/cm2 for a 100-μm-core-diameter high-temperature fiber to 3.9 GW/cm2 for a 200-μm-core-diameter high-power delivery fiber, with a total output laser energy delivered of at least 3–10 mJ for those respective fibers. Therefore, these fibers are marginally suitable for most macro-DPIV applications. However, to improve the high-power delivery capability for close-up micro-DPIV applications, we propose and validate an experimental fiber link with much higher laser power delivery capability than the solid-core fiber links. We use an uncoated grazing-incidence-based tapered glass funnel coupled to a glass HW with hollow air-core diameter of 700 μm, a low numerical aperture of 0.05, and a thin inside cladding of cyclic olefin polymer coating for optimum transmission at 532 nm. Because of the mode homogenizing effect and lower power density, the taper-waveguide laser delivery technique ensured high damage threshold for the delivery HW, and as a result, no damage occurred at the maximum measured input laser energy of 33 mJ used in this study.
Frequency dependence of the piezomagnetic strain coefficient (1995)

The frequency dependence of the piezomagnetic strain coefficient (g/sub 33/) has been investigated through Plane Wave Model characterisation of a Terfenol-D sample. It is found to have a frequency dependence of 1//spl radic//spl omega/ with a corresponding frequency dependent loss term. It is proposed that this frequency dependence in g/sub 33/ is a consequence of the mechanical defects in the material which affect the magnetic properties of the material through the magnetomechanical coupling k/sub 33/.
Clinical experiences with magnetic drug targeting: a phase I study with 4'-epidoxorubicin in 14 patients with advanced solid tumors. (1996)

Anticancer drugs reversibly bound to magnetic fluids (ferrofluids) could be concentrated in locally advanced tumors by magnetic fields that are arranged at the tumor surface outside of the organism. If certain requirements are met, systemic toxicity might be minimized, and local tumor efficacy might be increased. We have conducted a Phase I clinical trial using this approach in patients with advanced and unsuccessfully pretreated cancers or sarcomas. Nine such patients received two treatment courses, 3 patients received one course, and 2 patients received three courses of magnetic drug targeting consisting of the infusion of epirubicin in increasing doses (from 5 to 100 mg/m2) that had been chemically bound to a magnetic fluid and the application of magnetic fields to the tumors for 60-120 min. In 2 of 14 patients, the same dose of epirubicin not bound to a magnetic fluid was administered systemically 3 weeks after drug targeting for intraindividual comparisons. Magnetic drug targeting with epirubicin was well tolerated. In one case, a planned second treatment was withdrawn, because of an episode of chills 130 min after infusion of the magnetic drug. Two patients received a third treatment because of good responses after the first two therapies. Based on magnetic resonance tomographic techniques, pharmacokinetics, and the histological detection of magnetites, it was shown that the ferrofluid could be successfully directed to the tumors in about one-half of the patients. Organ toxicity did not increase with the treatment, but epirubicin-associated toxicity appeared at doses greater than 50 mg/m2. Although treatment with magnetic drug targeting seems safe, improvements are necessary to make it more effective and independent of patient- or disease-related problems. A study design to compare conventional treatments with the new treatment form within one patient seems crucial to eliminate interindividual differences.
Lost In Translation: Exposing Hidden Compiler Optimization Opportunities (2020)

Abstract Existing iterative compilation and machine learning-based optimization techniques have been proven very successful in achieving better optimizations than the standard optimization levels of a compiler. However, they were not engineered to support the tuning of a compiler’s optimizer as part of the compiler’s daily development cycle. In this paper, we first establish the required properties that a technique must exhibit to enable such tuning. We then introduce an enhancement to the classic nightly routine testing of compilers, which exhibits all the required properties and thus is capable of driving the improvement and tuning of the compiler’s common optimizer. This is achieved by leveraging resource usage and compilation information collected while systematically exploiting prefixes of the transformations applied at standard optimization levels. Experimental evaluation using the LLVM v6.0.1 compiler demonstrated that the new approach was able to reveal hidden cross-architecture and architecture-dependent potential optimizations on two popular processors: the Intel i5-6300U and the Arm Cortex-A53-based Broadcom BCM2837 used in the Raspberry Pi 3B+. As a case study, we demonstrate how the insights from our approach enabled us to identify and remove a significant shortcoming of the CFG simplification pass of the LLVM v6.0.1 compiler.
A Survey of Public-Key Cryptographic Primitives in Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

Cryptographic primitives are fundamental building blocks for designing security protocols to achieve confidentiality, authentication, integrity and non-repudiation. It is not too much to say that the selection and integration of appropriate cryptographic primitives into the security protocols determines the largest part of the efficiency and energy consumption of the wireless sensor network (WSN). There are a number of surveys on security issues on WSNs, which, however, did not focus on public-key cryptographic primitives in WSNs. In this survey, we provide a deeper understanding of public-key cryptographic primitives in WSNs including identity-based cryptography and discuss their main directions and some open research issues that can be further pursued. We investigate state-of-the-art software implementation results of public-key cryptographic primitives in terms of execution time, energy consumption and resource occupation on constrained wireless devices choosing popular IEEE 802.15.4-compliant WSN hardware platforms, used in real-life deployments. This survey provides invaluable insights on public-key cryptographic primitives on WSN platforms, and solutions to find tradeoffs between cost, performance and security for designing security protocols in WSNs.
Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin in ischemia and rheumatic heart diseases. (1996)

Tissue damage, inflammation and necrosis are hallmarks of myocardial infarction. In the present study significant elevations of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin were noted in coronary artery disease and angina cases. Interestingly chronic rheumatic heart disease which is also characterized by tissue injury. Inflammation revealed normal levels of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin. The level in chronic rheumatic heart disease was 3.37 +/- 0.57 mumol/mt/ml (control level was 3.37 +/- 0.54 mumol/mt/ml). The corollary of these observations is that in heart diseases acute phase response in terms of enhanced levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin differ depending on the causative factors. Except chronic rheumatic heart disease, in all other stressful states studied there is (to a certain degree) an altered systemic homeostasis and haemostasis. On the other hand chronic rheumatic heart disease encompass certain amount of acute phase status in terms of tissue damage and inflammation does exist unaccompanied by altered systemic homeostasis and haemostasis. However, bacteriological etiologies predominate the triggered immune responses. It is hypothesised that serum alpha-1-antitrypsin enhancement will not occur even though acute phase state exists if specific immune responses are also a part of the disease manifestation.