gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dot-pattern design of a light guide in an edge-lit backlight using a regional partition approach (2007)

This paper employs a regional partition approach to establish the optimal distribution of the diffuser dots in the light guide of an edge-lit backlight. The proposed approach commences by dividing the light guide into a number of partitions and assigning an equal radius to every dot. An iterative optimization procedure is then performed in which the illuminance in each partition is calculated and the dot radius in each partition progressively adjusted until uniform luminance is obtained over the entire light-guide surface. To simplify the geometry construction process and improve the efficiency of the optimization procedure, a simple optical model is proposed for the diffuser dots and the bare surface of the light guide, and an analytical procedure is implemented to take account of the diffuser-film and brightness-enhancement-film effects. The simulation results confirm the ability of the proposed approach to accurately reflect the fine regulation of the dot radius required to obtain uniform luminance for typical light-emitting diode configurations used in practical backlight modules.
The Use of Ozone or Oxygen in The First Bleaching Stage (1982)

An ODED or a ZEDED sequence bleached kraft hardwood and softwood pulps to 87 — 89‰ ISO brightness. The bleached yields were similar for a given pulp, whether oxygen or ozone was used in the first stage. The strength properties of the fully bleached pulps were essentially the same as those of the unbleached pulps. The COD and colour values of the effluents after ozone delignification and subsequent extraction were 25‰ and 60‰ lower, respectively, than those of the effluents after an oxygen treatment.
(3<i>E</i>,5<i>E</i>)-3,5-Dibenzylidene-1-[3-(piperidin-1-yl)propanoyl]piperidin-4-one (2011)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(27)H(30)N(2)O(2), comprises two independent mol-ecules. The dihedral angles between the phenyl rings in the two mol-ecules are 55.59 (8) and 55.39 (8)°. The piperidine rings adopt chair conformations. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with a domian ratio of 0.75 (2):0.25 (2).
Peptide‐containing nerves in labial salivary glands in sjögren's syndrome (1992)

This topologic distribution suggests involvement of VIP-IR fibers in vascular, motor, and secretory components of the reflex salivary secretion, whereas the distribution and the vasoactive actions of CPON, CGRP, and substance P suggest a role in the regulation of the salivary gland circulation, and thus of transcapillary flow. Excessive release may contribute to a neurogenic inflammation. Local depletion and absence of trophic neuropeptide stimuli may contribute to acinar atrophy.
Plasmonic Photodetectors (2018)

Plasmonic photodetectors are attracting the attention of the photonics community. Plasmonics is attractive because metallic structures have the ability to confine light by coupling an electromagnetic wave to charged carrier oscillations at the surface of the metal. The wavelength of such oscillations can be much smaller than the corresponding light wavelength in vacuum. This enables the light-matter interaction on a deep subwavelength scale, which in turn allows for more compact and potentially higher speed devices. In this review, we discuss different types of photodetectors and ways in which plasmonics can be applied to them. We elucidate several plasmonic photodetector concepts/schemes and discuss the main physical principles behind their operation. Finally, we reflect on the characteristics of an “ideal” photodetector and propose a device that might be the perfect plasmonic detector.
PLA-PEG-PLA and Its Electroactive Tetraaniline Copolymer as Multi-interactive Injectable Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering (2013)

Injectable hydrogels have served as biomimic scaffolds that provide a three-dimensional (3D) structure for tissue engineering or carriers for cell encapsulation in the biomedical field. In this study, the injectable electroactive hydrogels (IEHs) were prepared by introducing electrical properties into the injectable materials. Carboxyl-capped tetraaniline (CTA) as functional group was coupled with enantiomeric polylactide-poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide (PLA-PEG-PLA), and the electroactive hydrogels were obtained by mixing the enantiomeric copolymers of CTA-PLLA-PEG-PLLA-CTA and CTA-PDLA-PEG-PDLA-CTA aqueous solutions. ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the complex solution showed good electroactive properties. The gelation mechanism and intermolecular multi-interactions such as stereocomplextion, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Gelation properties of the complexes were also studied by rheometer. The encapsulated cells remained highly viable in the gel matrices, suggesting that the hydrogels have excellent cytocompatibility. After subcutaneous injection, the gels were formed in situ in the subcutaneous layer, and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining suggested acceptable biocompatibility of our materials in vivo. Moreover, these injectable materials, when treated with pulsed electrical stimuli, were shown to be functionally active and to accelerate the proliferation of encapsulated fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and osteoblasts. Hence, the IEHs possessing these excellent properties would be potentially used as in vivo materials for tissue engineering scaffold.
Preparation of small-ring carbocycles via intramolecular oxidative coupling of bisenolates derived from .alpha., .omega.-diesters (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of small-ring carbocycles via intramolecular oxidative coupling of bisenolates derived from .alpha., .omega.-diestersJames H. Babler and Steven J. SarussiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 15, 3462–3464Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00391a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00391a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1307Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and Implementation of The wireless RFID Glove for life applications (2013)

Radio Frequency Identification is increasingly popular technology with many applications. The majority of applications of RFID are in the field of supply chain management. In this paper, we proposed the development of wireless RFID Glove for various applications in real life. Proposed wireless RFID glove is composed of RFID reader of 13.56 MHz, RF wireless module, and power supply battery. Proposed Gloves were applied to two applications. The first application is the interactive leaning and the second application is meal aid system for blind people. The experimental results confirmed good performances.
Self-Affine Graphene Metasurfaces for Tunable Broadband Absorption (2016)

Metasurfaces (metamaterials of near-vanishing thickness) are of interest for engineering subwavelength structures with complex responses. Typically a graphene metasurface exhibits just one or two resonances and absorbs light in a narrow frequency band, but this study demonstrates tunable broadband absorption due to hierarchical, fractal structuring. Over a very wide band (about 190% of the central frequency), the average absorption exceeds 20%, without any metallic mirror. This approach to broadband absorbers, and plasmonic components more generally, offers substantially improved performance at terahertz and optical frequencies.
Advances in antimicrobial peptide immunobiology (2006)

Abstract Antimicrobial peptides are ancient components of the innate immune system and have been isolated from organisms spanning the phylogenetic spectrum. Over an evolutionary time span, these peptides have retained potency, in the face of highly mutable target microorganisms. This fact suggests important coevolutionary influences in the host–pathogen relationship. Despite their diverse origins, the majority of antimicrobial peptides have common biophysical parameters that are likely essential for activity, including small size, cationicity, and amphipathicity. Although more than 900 different antimicrobial peptides have been characterized, most can be grouped as belonging to one of three structural classes: (1) linear, often of α‐helical propensity; (2) cysteine stabilized, most commonly conforming to β‐sheet structure; and (3) those with one or more predominant amino acid residues, but variable in structure. Interestingly, these biophysical and structural features are retained in ribosomally as well as nonribosomally synthesized peptides. Therefore, it appears that a relatively limited set of physicochemical features is required for antimicrobial peptide efficacy against a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens. During the past several years, a number of themes have emerged within the field of antimicrobial peptide immunobiology. One developing area expands upon known microbicidal mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides to include targets beyond the plasma membrane. Examples include antimicrobial peptide activity involving structures such as extracellular polysaccharide and cell wall components, as well as the identification of an increasing number of intracellular targets. Additional areas of interest include an expanding recognition of antimicrobial peptide multifunctionality, and the identification of large antimicrobial proteins, and antimicrobial peptide or protein fragments derived thereof. The following discussion highlights such recent developments in antimicrobial peptide immunobiology, with an emphasis on the biophysical aspects of host‐defense polypeptide action and mechanisms of microbial resistance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 84: 435–458, 2006 This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Detecting Mobile Application Spoofing Attacks by Leveraging User Visual Similarity Perception (2017)

Mobile application spoofing is an attack where a malicious mobile app mimics the visual appearance of another one. A common example of mobile application spoofing is a phishing attack where the adversary tricks the user into revealing her password to a malicious app that resembles the legitimate one. In this paper, we propose a novel spoofing detection approach, tailored to the protection of mobile app login screens, using screenshot extraction and visual similarity comparison. We use deception rate as a novel similarity metric for measuring how likely the user is to consider a potential spoofing app as one of the protected applications. We conducted a large-scale online study where participants evaluated spoofing samples of popular mobile app login screens, and used the study results to implement a detection system that accurately estimates deception rate. We show that efficient detection is possible with low overhead.
Application of Channel Fracturing in the Vaca Muerta Shale Formation (2014)

Abstract The channel hydraulic fracturing technique was recently introduced to the oil and gas industry as an alternative to the conventional hydraulic fracturing methodology. Channel fracturing involves the creation of a network of open channels or flow paths within the stimulated fracture volume, enabling the increased flow of hydrocarbons through the channels and into the wellbore. This paper investigates the applicability of this novel technique in the Vaca Muerta shale and presents a case history evaluating the potential production benefits of this methodology. Starting with a calibrated geomechanical model, an index profile was created using the ratio between the young's modulus and closure stress to determine if channel fracturing is applicable in the Vaca Muerta. The technique is compared to conventional hydraulic fracturing case to identify the differences in the created fracture properties. Based on the created channel fracturing index profile, the gross Vaca Muerta shale interval was divided into three intervals (lower, middle, and upper) and the process was repeated across each section to determine the incremental production impact across interval. The result of this study shows that the channel fracturing technique is applicably in the Vaca Muerta shale and can potentially increase the production performance. The analysis also shows that this technique is more favorable primarily across the upper and middle Vaca Muerta intervals than the lower Vaca Muerta interval due to the high organics, low rock moduli, and high stress. Also, permeability degradation of the proppant pack does not negatively impact the overall conductivity in a Channel fracture system. Instead, loss of aperture reduces the conductivity by orders of magnitude.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PRP21 gene product is an integral component of the prespliceosome. (1993)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the prp21 mutation causes accumulation of unspliced pre-mRNA at the nonpermissive temperature. We have cloned the PRP21 gene by complementation of its temperature-sensitive phenotype and found it to be the same as SPP91, an extragenic suppressor of the prp9 mutation previously studied in vivo by Chapon and Legrain [Chapon, C. & Legrain, P. (1992) EMBO J. 11, 3279-3288]. We have analyzed the effects of the prp21 mutation on splicing in vitro and have found that PRP21 is a splicing factor required for prespliceosome assembly. We also have analyzed the interaction of PRP21 with splicing complexes using anti-PRP21 antibodies and found that the RNA components of the prespliceosome--U1 and U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) particles and pre-mRNA--are specifically coimmunoprecipitated under splicing conditions in the presence of 0.2 M KCl. At higher KCl concentrations, U1 snRNP dissociates from splicing complexes; nevertheless, U2 snRNA and pre-mRNA are still efficiently immunoprecipitated. Immunoprecipitation of both U1 and U2 snRNA as well as pre-mRNA is ATP-dependent and requires a pre-mRNA capable of supporting prespliceosome assembly. Analysis of the unbound complexes in native gels confirmed that prespliceosomes are specifically immunoprecipitated by anti-PRP21 antibodies. These results demonstrate that PRP21 is an integral component of the prespliceosome and establishes a stable interaction with U2 snRNP and/or pre-mRNA in that complex.
Anionic difunctionalization with 1,1‐bis(4‐ <i>t</i> ‐butyldimethylsiloxyphenyl) ethylene. Synthesis of ω,ω‐bis(phenol)‐functionalized polystyrene condensation macromonomers (1993)

Abstract ω,ω‐Diphenolpolystyrenes (6) can be synthesized in quantitative yields by reacting poly(styryl)lithium with 1,1‐bis(4‐ t ‐butyldimethylsiloxyphenyl)ethylene (1), followed by methanol termination and hydrolysis with dilute acid. The initially formed 1,1‐bis(4‐ t ‐butyldimethylsiloxyphenyl)alkyllithium can be reacted with additional styrene monomer to form a polystyrene internally substituted with two in‐chain phenol groups after methanol termination and acid hydrolysis. The diphenol‐substituted polystyrene condensation macromonomers have been characterized by end‐group titration, size exclusion chromatography, thin‐layer chromatography, and ultraviolet‐visible, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Chain‐extension reactions of 6 ( M n = 2.6 × 10 3 g mol −1 ) with bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate produced the corresponding comb‐type, branched polymer with estimated M n (SEC, polystyrene standards) = 1.2 × 10 4 g mol −1 and no detectable residual condensation macromonomer. The second order rate constants for the addition reaction of excess poly(styryl)lithium with 1 and with 1‐(4‐ t ‐butyldimethylsiloxy‐phenyl)‐1‐phenylethylene (3) have been estimated to be 1.7 × 10 −3 M −1/2 S −1 and 3.2 × 10 −3 M −1/2 S −1 respectively. A sigma value (σ) of −0.46 has been estimated for the t ‐butyldimethylsiloxy substituent.
Machine Vision Condition Monitoring of Heavy-Axle Load Railcar Structural Underframe Components (2010)

To ensure the safe and efficient operation of the approximately 1.6 million freight cars (wagons) in the North American railroad network, the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT), Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) requires periodic inspection of railcars to detect structural damage and defects. Railcar structural underframe components, including the centre sill, sidesills, and crossbearers, are subject to fatigue cracking due to periodic and/or cyclic loading during service and other forms of damage. The current railcar inspection process is time-consuming and relies heavily on the acuity, knowledge, skill, and endurance of qualified inspection personnel to detect these defects. Consequently, technologies are under development to automate critical inspection tasks to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. Research was conducted to determine the feasibility of inspecting railcar underframe components using machine vision technology. A digital video system was developed to record images of railcar underframes and computer software was developed to identify components and assess their condition. Tests of the image recording system were conducted at several railroad maintenance facilities. The images collected there were used to develop several types of machine vision algorithms to analyse images of railcar underframes and assess the condition of certain structural components. The results suggest that machine vision technology, in conjunction with other automated systems and preventive maintenance strategies, has the potential to provide comprehensive and objective information pertaining to railcar underframe component condition, thereby improving utilization of inspection and repair resources and increasing safety and network efficiency.
ARA-C Analogs (2015)

Ara-C, a phase-specific antitumor agent, is rapidly deactivated by the enzyme cytidine deaminase. A prolongation of the biological activity of ara-C can be achieved either by the concomitant use of a cytidine deaminase inhibitor or by the development of ara-C derivatives with increased resistance to deamination and a longer half-life in serum. Among such derivatives are cyclocytidine (cyclo-C), anhydro-ara-5-fluorocytidine (AAFC) and the N4-acyl-derivatives. AAFC has been recently shown to be active in human leukemias and in solid tumors of the digestive tract. The tolerance to AAFC is sufficient for clinical use, and AAFC does not produce parotid pains and hypotension, characteristic side effects of cyclo-C. The main toxicity consists of myelodepression, nausea and vomiting. The schedule dependence of AAFC is far less pronounced than for ara-C, so that a weekly application by rapid i.v. injection of 30-40 mg/kg (1,200-1,500 mg/m2) reaches the level of activity with acceptable toxicity. AAFC seems to be as active as ara-C in acute leukemias and is probably active too in malignant lymphomas. In a large phase II trial of the EORTC on selected solid tumor types, AAFC showed a significant activity in GI tract adenocarcinomas with 2 responses/3 evaluable in pancreas, 7/14 in stomach and 2/32 in colorectal tumors (4/30). Hints of activity were also detected in breast cancer (1/17) and anaplastic small cell carcinoma of the lung (1/9). No responses were obtained in 27 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the lung. These results confirm that ara-C, or newer ara-C analogs, are potentially active in various solid tumor types, and suggest that an extensive further clinical study of such new derivatives is warranted.
Cyclopentadienyl and Alkynyl Copper(I) Derivatives with the [{Ti(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)(μ-NH)}<sub>3</sub>(μ<sub>3</sub>-N)] Metalloligand (2010)

The treatment of [ClCu{(μ3-NH)3Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)}] (2) with lithium cyclopentadienide in toluene at room temperature affords [(C5H5)Cu{(μ3-NH)3Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)}] (4), where the cyclopentadienyl ligand is bound to copper(I) in an η2 fashion. The analogous reaction of 2 with lithium acetylides [Li(C≡CR)] gives complexes [(RC≡C)Cu{(μ3-NH)3Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)}] (R = SiMe3 (5), Ph (6)) with terminal alkynyl ligands bound to copper. Compound 6 is prepared in higher yield by the treatment of [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-NH)}3(μ3-N)] (1) with [Cu(C≡CPh)] in toluene at room temperature. The cyclopentadienyl derivative 4 decomposes in solution to generate the edge-linked double-cube nitrido complex [{Cu(μ4-N)(μ3-NH)2Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)}2] (3) via C5H6 elimination. However, solutions of the alkynyl derivatives 5 and 6 lead to copper(I) acetylide-bridged double-cube complexes [{Cu(μ-1κC1:2κC1-C≡CR)Cu(μ4-N)(μ3-NH)2Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)}2] (R = SiMe3 (7), Ph (8)) along with 1 and RC≡CH. The X-ray crystal structures of 4, 5, 7, and 8 have been determined.
Antagonism of AT2 receptors augments Angiotensin II‐induced abdominal aortic aneurysms and atherosclerosis (2001)

1. We have recently demonstrated that chronic infusion of Angiotensin II into apoE-/- mice promotes the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms. To determine the involvement of specific Angiotensin II receptors in this response, we co-infused Angiotensin II (1000 ng kg(-1) min(-1) for 28 days) with losartan (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) or PD123319 (3 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) to antagonize AT1 and AT2 receptors, respectively. 2. Infusion of Angiotensin II promoted the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms in 70% of mature female apoE-/- mice. The formation of aortic aneurysms was totally inhibited by co-infusion of Angiotensin II with losartan (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1); P=0.003). In contrast, the co-infusion of Angiotensin II with PD123319 resulted in a marked increase in the incidence and severity of aortic aneurysms. 3. To determine whether AT2 antagonism also promoted Angiotensin II-induced atherosclerosis, Angiotensin II was infused into young female apoE-/- mice that had little spontaneous atherosclerosis. In these mice, co-infusion of PD123319 led to a dramatic increase in the extent of atherosclerosis. This increase was associated with no change in plasma lipid concentrations and only transient and modest increases in blood pressure during co-infusion with PD123319. 4. While antagonism of AT1 receptors totally prevented the formation of aneurysms, antagonism of AT2 receptors promoted a large increase in the severity of Angiotensin II-induced vascular pathology.