gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA-binding-defective mutants of the Epstein-Barr virus lytic switch activator Zta transactivate with altered specificities. (1994)

The Epstein-Barr virus BRLF1 and BZLF1 genes are the first viral genes transcribed upon induction of the viral lytic cycle. The protein products of both genes (referred to here as Rta and Zta, respectively) activate expression of other viral genes, thereby initiating the lytic cascade. Among the viral antigens expressed upon induction of the lytic cycle, however, Zta is unique in its ability to disrupt viral latency; expression of the BZLF1 gene is both necessary and sufficient for triggering the viral lytic cascade. We have previously shown that Zta can activate its own promoter (Zp), through binding to two Zta recognition sequences (ZIIIA and ZIIIB). Here we describe mutant Zta proteins that do not bind DNA (referred to as Zta DNA-binding mutants [Zdbm]) but retain the ability to transactivate Zp. Consistent with the inability of these mutants to bind DNA, transactivation of Zp by Zdbm is not dependent on the Zta recognition sequences. Instead, transactivation by Zdbm is dependent upon promoter elements that bind cellular factors. An examination of other viral and cellular promoters identified promoters that are weakly responsive or unresponsive to Zdbm. An analysis of a panel of artificial promoters containing one copy of various promoter elements demonstrated a specificity for Zdbm activation that is distinct from that of Zta. These results suggest that non-DNA-binding forms of some transactivators retain the ability to transactivate specific target promoters without direct binding to DNA.
Bearing Current Remediation Options: Sources, Investigative Measurements, and Installation Modifications to Reduce Damage as a Result of Bearing Currents (2004)

The vast majority of bearing failures in electric motors and electric motor-driven equipment are due to mechanical and thermal causes. Bearing current in induction motor can result in premature bearing failure. Proper remediation methods depend upon a thorough understanding of the potential current paths in a given installation. Diagrams of current flow paths were presented here to illustrate potential issues. Proper grounding is a key to shunting currents away from paths that flow through motor or driven equipment bearings.
Block noncoherent detection of hexagonal QAM (2010)

We consider block noncoherent detection of hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). We focus on hexagonal constellations generated from a Voronoi code. We find that these constellations are particularly well suited to noncoherent detection because they avoid most of the identifiability problems that occur with more traditional constellations. We describe a fast, approximate, noncoherent detection algorithm with statistical performance that is almost indistinguishable from an optimal, brute force approach, but with significantly smaller computational requirements. The performance is close to that of coherent detection when the block length is sufficiently large.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Functional Network Analysis by Global Subcellular Protein Profiling (2004)

Trends in increased tuberculosis infection and a fatality rate of approximately 23% have necessitated the search for alternative biomarkers using newly developed postgenomic approaches. Here we provide a systematic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by directly profiling its gene products. This analysis combines high-throughput proteomics and computational approaches to elucidate the globally expressed complements of the three subcellular compartments (the cell wall, membrane, and cytosol) of Mtb. We report the identifications of 1044 proteins and their corresponding localizations in these compartments. Genome-based computational and metabolic pathways analyses were performed and integrated with proteomics data to reconstruct response networks. From the reconstructed response networks for fatty acid degradation and lipid biosynthesis pathways in Mtb, we identified proteins whose involvements in these pathways were not previously suspected. Furthermore, the subcellular localizations of these expressed proteins provide interesting insights into the compartmentalization of these pathways, which appear to traverse from cell wall to cytoplasm. Results of this large-scale subcellular proteome profile of Mtb have confirmed and validated the computational network hypothesis that functionally related proteins work together in larger organizational structures.
Recent Applications of Cyclopropane-Based Strategies to Natural Product Synthesis (2012)

Activated cyclopropanes show versatile reactivity and are therefore powerful building blocks in organic chemistry and natural product synthesis. This review focuses on recent applications of cyclopropane-based approaches to the syntheses of natural products. These applications include diverse processes involving cyclopropanation–ring-opening–cyclization or ring expansion to form key natural product skeletons. 1 Introduction 2 Formal Cycloaddition Strategies 2.1 Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition with Aldehydes and Ketones 2.2 Formal [4+3] Cycloaddition via Cope Rearrangement 2.3 Cycloaddition with Transition Metals 3 Cyclopropanation–Ring-Opening Strategies 4 Cyclopropanation–Ring-Opening–Cyclization Strategies 5 Ring Closing via Cyclopropanation 6 Conclusion
The soluble sperm oscillogen hypothesis (1993)

It is now accepted that sperm trigger deuterostome egg activation by causing an increase in egg cytoplasmic Ca 2+ levels (Jaffe, 1983; Whitaker & Swann, 1993). This increase generally takes the form of a single wave of Ca 2+ release that crosses the egg from the point of sperm-egg interaction (Jaffe, 1983)eggs Ca 2+ waves occur repetitively and soon turn into synchronous pulses, or homogeneous oscillations, that last for hours after sperm-egg fusion (Miyazaki et al. , 1993b; Homa et al. , 1993). Despite their extensive characterisation it is still not established how sperm trigger these Ca 2+ changes in eggs. The signal transduction mechanism is missing. There is a proliferation of overlapping and complex schemes for how the sperm may initiate Ca 2+ release (Miyazaki et al. , 1993b;Whitaker & Swann, 1993). Here, my aim is to present one simple scheme in its generic form. The brevity of this essay restricts citations and necessitates using reviews to reference original work.
Learning and Memory in Insects (1972)

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More
Visual, aberrometric, photic phenomena, and patient satisfaction after myopic wavefront-guided LASIK using a high-resolution aberrometer (2016)

WFG LASIK surgery using the technology evaluated is predictable and effective for the correction of myopia and leads to high levels of patient satisfaction.
A 27-nm Virus Isolated During an Outbreak of Acute Infectious Nonbacterial Gastroenteritls in a Convalescent Hospital: A Possible New Serotype (1981)

An outbreak of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis began among elderly patients in a convalescent hospital in Marin County in northern California in March 1978 and persisted through May 1978. The overall clinical attack rate was 51% of 187 residents and 12% of 180 employees. A 27-nm viruslike particle was observed by immune electron microscopy in stools obtained at or near the onset of illness from four of 32 patients. Seroresponses to the 27-nm particles were found by immune electron microscopy in 16 of 18 patients. In addition, serologic evidence of infection with this or a related agent was demonstrated in persons who developed illness in another large outbreak of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis which occurred in a nearby county. This agent is morphologically similar to but serologically unrelated to the Norwalk and Hawaii gastroenteritis agents and has been designated the Marin agent pending further classification.
FPGA interconnect fault tolerance (2005)

The area occupied by wiring channels in an FPGA die is significant, occupying up to 10 metal layers for the latest manufacturing technology. With current trends aiming to reduce the area occupied by wiring segments in the routing channels, wire width and wire spacing have been reduced. This has in turn led to higher occurrences of wiring defects, such as breaks and shorts, and losses in manufacturing yield and fewer functioning devices at fixed manufacturing costs. In the context of fault tolerance, an integral part of any scheme is fault detection and diagnosis. A device is first tested in order to find out whether a fault is present; faulty chips then undergo further tests in order to locate the fault and discover its location and nature. In order not to affect performance and user loads, the testing procedures have to be efficient and compact. This has brought the development of fast testing procedures to complement different fault tolerance schemes. An earlier paper (Campregher et al., 2004) presented a built-in self-test (BIST) method that can efficiently identify the exact location of the interconnect fault. The method is based on a concept known as fault grading which utilizes defect knowledge during manufacturing test to classify faulty devices into different defect groups. Currently, work is proceeding to improve the yield prediction models and assumptions. The main objective of this work is to generate a framework to compare different fault tolerance schemes and analyze their benefits from a manufacturing yield perspective.
Derivation of embryonic stem cell line from frozen human embryos and neural differentiation (2008)

We established a human embryonic stem cell line derived from frozen human embryos of Chinese origin. The cell line expressed the pluripotent markers SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, Oct-4, and alkaline phosphatase. The pluripotency of the cell line was also demonstrated in vivo by teratoma formation in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. The embryonic stem cells formed embryoid bodies after culturing in suspension for 7 days. The embryoid bodies were transferred to an adherent culture system in serum-free medium. The differentiating cells derived from the embryoid bodies expressed Nestin and Sox2, markers of neural progenitor cells. After the induction of cyclic AMP for 7 days, the neural progenitor cells had differentiated into neurons and glial cells.
On bit allocation strategies for paraunitary subband coders (2002)

Quadrature mirror filters have been employed to decompose a signal into subbands. The signals in each subband are quantized before transmission. The authors derive conditions on the individual quantizer error variances so as to minimize the overall reconstruction error variance. The present results hold for filter banks having paraunitary polyphase matrices. Under the assumption that the total number of bits over all channels is fixed, it is shown that their distribution which minimizes the reconstruction error variance is the one that makes the individual quantizer variances equal. This analysis is extended to tree-structured filter banks, such as those used for generating orthonormal wavelets. In this case, it is shown that the quantizer error variance in a particular branch should be proportional to the corresponding decimation factor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving the harmonisation of the International Normalized Ratio (INR): time to think outside the box? (2010)

The prothrombin time (PT) assay is the most often requested coagulation test and used primarily for monitoring Vitamin K antagonist therapy, where results may be expressed as an International Normalised Ratio (INR). The INR is the patient's PT 'mathematically adjusted' or 'standardised' to take into account the specific test system used (i.e., comprising the test reagent/instrument combination). This standardisation or 'adjustment' is achieved by applying two 'correction factors', respectively defined by the 'International Sensitivity Index' (ISI) and the 'mean normal prothrombin time' (MNPT), according to the formula: INR=[patient PT/MNPT](ISI). While some manufacturers provide assigned ISI values for specific PT reagents and instrumentation, the vast number of possible reagent/instrument combinations usually precludes this in most situations. Even when an ISI is provided by the manufacturer, laboratories need to check or validate the assigned value. When a manufacturer does not provide an ISI, the laboratory needs to define its own (local ISI) value. The MNPT usually has to be locally defined, based on the population being tested. Current recommendations for defining ISI values include the classical, but prohibitively complex, World Health Organization (WHO) recommended procedure, and more recently the use of commercial reference-plasma calibration sets. The MNPT can also be defined using the WHO recommended procedure or with calibration sets. However, there is limited information to validate the performance of these in laboratory practice, and there are several unrecognised problems that limit the validity and utility of the ISI and MNPT values that are determined. Thus, it is perhaps time to start thinking outside the box, and to utilise additional methods for determining and/or validating ISI and MNPT values. This may include the use of regression analysis to assess ongoing peer-related performance in external quality assurance programmes, and to compare the behaviour of proposed replacement reagents with that of existing reagents. Such strategies have proven of considerable benefit to local laboratory practice, and should therefore enable other laboratories to optimise their practice in order to provide INRs that better reflect a patient's anticoagulant status, and thus assist in their clinical therapeutic management.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING CURCUMINOIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1985)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Dione (I) mit 2 mol der Aldehyde (II) ergibt unter der vorliegenden Bedingung [Bildung eines Borkomplexes zur Verhinderung einer Knoevenagel‐ Kondensation an C‐3 von (l)] in sehr unterschiedlicher Ausb. die symm. Curcuminoide (III), von denen (IIIb) und (IIId) in der Natur vorkommen.
Preface to second edition (2010)

Over ten years have passed since the first edition of this book was published, a period marked by continued growth in liquid crystalline polymer research and a gradual maturing of understanding of the key scientific issues. Whereas the first edition was the first textbook to cover the field, this second edition has been able to draw on a very much wider range of textbooks and research papers than was available in 1992. It is thus a rather different book. Certainly, it is about twice the length as it embraces more recent and more detailed understanding of particular topics such as theory and modelling and disclination structures, while at the same time introducing necessary new topics. Amongst these is the extension of a discussion of liquid polymeric structures across into the biological field, an important and potentially far-reaching area and marked in the new edition by an additional chapter (Chapter 7). The whole area of liquid crystalline elastomers, has now advanced to the point where there is a satisfying blend of experiment and theory and, accordingly, it is now covered in some detail in Sections 4.8.7 and 8.7. Even carbon nanotubes feature briefly, as they show liquid crystalline phases and disclination defects. The strong growth in the field of computational modelling of polymers means that, in addition to its contribution to theoretical understanding, it can provide a means of illustrating various liquid crystalline processes involving microstructure and defects. Considerable use is now made of this capability.
Continuous Non-Invasive Ophthalmic Glucose Sensor for Diabetics (2010)

A contact lens with an embedded glucose sensor hologram has been developed for continuous noninvasive monitoring of glucose levels in diabetics. This article describes the development and initial clinical testing of this ophthalmic glucose sensor and provides a comparison to current continuous glucose monitors.
Disruption of the Yeast<i>N</i>-Myristoyl Transferase Gene Causes Recessive Lethality (1989)

The structural gene for N-myristoyl transferase (NMT1) has been cloned from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 455 amino acids (Mr = 52,837) that has no identifiable significant primary sequence homology with any protein in currently available databases. Overexpression of NMT activity was achieved by means of the yeast episomal plasmid YEp24 without obvious effects on growth kinetics, cell morphology, or acylprotein metabolic labeling patterns. Insertional mutagenesis of the NMT1 locus on yeast chromosome XII caused recessive lethality, indicating that this protein acyltransferase activity is necessary for vegetative cell growth.
Direct conversion of a nanometric suspension of molybdenum trioxide into nanometric lead molybdate (2013)

Nanometric lead molybdate was prepared using lead nitrate and an aqueous suspension of nanoparticulate (190 nm) molybdenum trioxide and by varying the concentration of the reactants. At intermediate concentrations, less precipitate was formed in favor of formation of a stable suspension of nanoparticles (48 nm) that displayed a very strong Tyndall effect. At high dilution, particles that resembled German crosses were produced.
TIN ETIOPURPURIN DICHLORIDE‐SENSITIZED LIPID PHOTOOXIDATION OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES (1990)

Tin(IV) etiopurpurin dichloride (SnET2 x 2Cl) is a photosensitizer which has been shown to be an effective photodynamic agent for the treatment of transplantable animal tumors in vivo. The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of SnET2 x 2Cl on membrane lipid peroxidation. When erythrocyte membranes were exposed to visible light in the presence of SnET2 x 2Cl, lipid peroxidation was observed. An accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and an increase in lipid fluorescence were also observed. Thin layer chromatography of lipid extracts from photooxidized membrane revealed photoperoxide products derived from phospholipid. Investigations into the mechanism(s) of lipid peroxidation by SnET2 x 2Cl and light-sensitized membranes were also performed. Results indicate that singlet oxygen (1O2) plays a major role in lipid peroxidation.
Human monocyte functional heterogeneity: monocyte fractionation by discontinuous albumin gradient centrifugation. (1983)

Human monocytes subserve many roles in the immune response. It is not clear, however, whether this functional heterogeneity reflects the action of different monocyte subpopulations. We separated human blood monocytes into distinct populations using a discontinuous (15-35%) serum albumin gradient technique. We examined if any of a number of monocyte functions were preferentially expressed by these five monocyte subsets. Monocytes in the 25% and 30% albumin fractions possessed more Fc (IgG) and C3 receptor activity than did monocytes in either of the 15, 20 or 35% fractions. In addition, monocytes isolated in the more dense albumin fractions were enriched for the capacity to support pokeweed mitogen-induced B-cell differentiation. All gradient fractions were equally capable of binding Raji cells and inhibiting Raji cell incorporation of [3H]thymidine. These data indicate that fractionation of monocytes by a discontinuous albumin gradient is an effective method to enrich for those monocytes with certain functional characteristics.
Prognostic Value of Severe Lymphopenia During Pelvic Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Cervical Cancer. (2016)

Severe lymphopenia during CCRT could predict poor survival.
90 Reasons to Consider Cellular Agriculture (2019)

90 Reasons is a list of prospective benefits cellular agriculture may offer upon global-scale introduction this century.
Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation Using Extended Kalman Filter in Uplink OFDMA Systems (2006)

This paper presents a new carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation algorithm with low-complexity for uplink OFDMA systems. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is employed in time domain, while the multiple access interference (MAI) cancellation strategy is combined in every recursion. In addition, an adaptive noise variance estimator is contrived for EKF, and a robust EKF method is derived for CFO estimation with data symbols. The proposed algorithm is suitable for online estimation, and can be applied to both preamble and data symbols. Simulation results show that it has a large estimation range, while approaching the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) closely with quite reduced complexity.
Formation and Function of Eicosanoids in the Central Nervous System (1989)

Neuronal firing during experimental convulsions triggered a large increase in brain eicosanoid synthesis. Mature astrocytes are an important source of cerebral prostanoids. Endogenously formed prostaglandins possess anticonvulsive properties of biological relevance. These conclusions suggest new ideas that might explain the formation and functions of prostanoids in the brain. First, as augmented neuronal discharge is a prerequisite for enhanced prostanoid synthesis during seizures, a functional coupling between firing neurons and prostanoid-forming astrocytes may be expected. Second, the anticonvulsive effects of endogenous prostanoids suggest that astroglia-derived substances might regulate neuronal activity. The phenomenon of convulsion-induced prostanoid synthesis may, therefore, represent a new example of neuron-glia interaction. Neither K+-induced membrane depolarization nor receptor activation by drugs with affinity to alpha or beta adrenoceptors, dopamine, serotonin, muscarine, histamine, GABA, glutamate, aspartate, adenosine, and opioid receptors evoked eicosanoid synthesis in astrocytes. The only physiologically relevant ligand that induced prostanoid synthesis concentration dependently in astrocytes was ATP and related nucleotide triphosphates, as well as nucleotide disphosphates. In peripheral nerves ATP serves as a cotransmitter. The effect of the P2 agonists was reduced by pertussis toxin. The mechanism by which eicosanoids regulate neuronal activity remains to be elucidated.
Société nouvelle: The Challenge for Change in the Alternative Public Sphere (1996)

Cet article examine les rapports souvents contradictoires entre Société nouvelle et les organismes communautaires de la classe ouvrière dans la région montréalaise. Se basant sur une argumentation concernant la sphère publique alternative avancée par Miriam Hansen, Alexander Kluge, Oskar Negt et Nancy Fraser, cet article fait ressortir les nouvelles conceptions de “communautés”et de “publiques” développées autour du processus de fabrication d'images du programme Société Nouvelle. De plus, cet article propose comment, en se fiant sur la capacité de l'image de transformer la culture par elle même, les ciné-et-vidéoistes de l'époque furent incapables de créer les communautés qu'lls envisageaient comme essentiels à un Québec égalitaire et social-démocrate.
Ultrasound Promoted Dichloroketene-Olefin Cycloadditions (1985)

Abstract We have observed that olefin-dichloroketene 2+2 cycloadditions are accelerated by ultrasonic irradiation. Short reaction times, good yields, ambient reaction conditions and use of ordinary bench-top zinc instead of activated zinc (Zn-Cu couple) are the significant advantages of this procedure.