gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Japan's ambitious bridge project: (1990)

Japan consists mainly of four large islands. They are, from north to south, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. In 1988 Honshu and Hokkaido were connected by the Seikan undersea tunnel, while Honshu and Shikoku were connected by the Great Seto Bridge. Together with the Honshu‐Kyushu linkage, which had been established since the 1940s, the four main islands of the Japanese archipelago were connected by railways and expressways. This paper describes the Honshu‐Shikoku Bridge Project, including the Great Seto Bridge and the special coating technology used in the project.
Nanosatellites for earth environmental monitoring: The MicroMAS project (2012)

The Micro-sized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite (MicroMAS) is a 3D cubesat (30×10×10 cm, 4kg) hosting a passive microwave spectrometer operating near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line. The focus of the first MicroMAS mission (hereafter, MicroMAS-1) is to observe convective thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, and hurricanes from a near-equatorial orbit at approximately 500-km altitude. A MicroMAS flight unit is currently being developed in anticipation of a 2014 launch. A parabolic reflector is mechanically rotated as the spacecraft orbits the earth, thus directing a cross-track scanned beam with FWHM beamwidth of 2.2-degrees, yielding an approximately 25-km diameter footprint from a nominal altitude of 500 km. Radiometric calibration is carried out using observations of cold space, the earth's limb, and an internal noise diode that is weakly coupled through the RF front-end electronics. A key technology feature is the development of an ultra-compact intermediate frequency processor module for channelization, detection, and A-to-D conversion. The antenna system and RF front-end electronics are highly integrated and miniaturized. A MicroMAS-2 mission is currently being planned using a multi-band spectrometer operating near 118 and 183 GHz in a sun-synchronous orbit of approximately 800-km altitude. A HyMAS-1 (Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Satellite) mission with approximately 50 channels near 118 and 183 GHz is also being planned. In this paper, the mission concept of operations will be discussed, the radiometer payload will be described, and the spacecraft subsystems (avionics, power, communications, attitude determination and control, and mechanical structures) will be summarized.
World Review of Laparoscopic Liver Resection—2,804 Patients (2009)

In experienced hands, laparoscopic liver resections are safe with acceptable morbidity and mortality for both minor and major hepatic resections. Oncologically, 3- and 5-year survival rates reported for hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer metastases are comparable to open hepatic resection, albeit in a selected group of patients.
Induction of mucosal immunity by intranasal application of a streptococcal surface protein antigen with the cholera toxin B subunit (1993)

The level and distribution of isotype-specific antibodies in various secretions and of antibody-secreting cells in corresponding lymphoid organs and tissues were compared in mice immunized with Streptococcus mutans surface protein antigen I/II (AgI/II) conjugated to the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), given intranasally (i.n.) or intragastrically (i.g.), with or without free cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant. Immunization i.n. induced stronger initial antibody responses to AgI/II in both serum and saliva than immunization i.g., but salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA)-specific antibody responses to immunization about 3 months later were not increased relative to total salivary IgA concentrations. Specific antibodies induced by i.n. immunization were as widely distributed in serum, saliva, tracheal wash, gut wash, and vaginal wash as those induced by i.g. immunization. Likewise, specific antibody-secreting cells were generated in the spleen, salivary glands, intestinal lamina propria, and mesenteric and cervical lymph nodes by either route of immunization. The strongest salivary IgA antibody response was induced by AgI/II-CTB conjugate given i.n., but the addition of CT did not further enhance it. However, free CTB could effectively replace CT as an adjuvant in i.n. immunization with unconjugated AgI/II. Booster i.n. immunization with AgI/II plus either free CT or CTB induced stronger recall serum antibody responses than conjugated AgI/II-CTB with or without CT as an adjuvant. Therefore, i.n. immunization with a protein antigen and free or coupled CTB is an effective means of generating IgA antibody responses expressed at several mucosal sites where protective immunity may be beneficial.
ChemInform Abstract: Templated Regioselective and Stereoselective Synthesis in Fullerene Chemistry (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Predictive Modeling for Tool Deflection and Part Distortion of Large Machined Components (2013)

Machined monolithic components provide the foundation for modern aircraft structures requiring high performance designs in terms of weight, strength, and fatigue properties. Part distortions arising from machining-induced stresses and tool deflection resulting from high dynamic cutting forces frustrate manufacturing and assembly processes, necessitating expensive in-process and post-machining corrective measures aimed at eliminating their effects. Component weight and cost requirements are often compromised by adding thicker component section designs or off-machine part flipping processes as a distortion control mechanism. Similarly, small depths of cut are taken to minimize cutting forces and tool deflection. Additional spring passes are also taken to eliminate any undercut errors introduced by unanticipated deflection and distortion problems. The ability to accurately predict and minimize tool deflections and part distortion via simulations can significantly reduce manufacturing and assembly costs. This paper presents physics-based models for predicting tool deflection and part distortions by considering the appropriate physics for each problem. Dynamic cutting forces predicted by physics-based machining models, and tool compliance properties are incorporated into a detailed linear elastic deflection model in order to predict in-process deflections along a computer numerical control (CNC) machining toolpath. Similarly, bulk stress state and machining-induced stresses for large, monolithic part machining are taken into account for predicting part distortions. Sources of stresses may include heat treatment, quenching, forging, and machining operations. Bulk stress data from heat treatment predictive models can also be imported and mapped onto the workpiece finite element model. CNC part programs, along with stresses arising from corresponding tooling, are processed and analyzed. Results of a validation study for workpiece distortion predictions are presented for a number of monolithic, thin-walled components. Predictions for tool deflection are also compared against experimental measurements for multiple cutting configurations and tool diameters. Good correlation is found between predictions and measurements of deflection.
Chemical protection and cell‐cycle effects on radiation‐induced mutagenesis (1992)

Chinese hamster ovary cells in the exponential phase of growth were harvested and separated by the method of centrifugal elutriation into subpopulations enriched with up to 95% G1 phase, 70% S phase and 65% G2 + M phase cells. Cell cycle distributions were routinely monitored by flow cytometry. Following elutriation, aliquots of cells from each of the enriched cell fractions were incubated in the presence or absence of 4 mM of 2-[(aminopropyl)amino] ethanethiol (WR-1065) for 30 min at 37 degrees C. The cells were then irradiated with 60Co gamma-rays or fission-spectrum neutrons from the JANUS research reactor. Both cell killing and mutagenesis were determined. Regardless of the radiation quality used, cells enriched in G1 phase were the most sensitive to radiation-induced mutagenesis at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus. The relative magnitude of protection exerted by WR-1065 differed for each of the elutriator separated cell populations. The greatest magnitude of protection, however, was observed for G1-enriched populations, regardless of the radiation quality used or the biological end-point tested.
The Power Brokers (1976)

Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson captivated the imagination of the Class of 76 during his address before a crowd estimated at more than 12,000 who participated in the celebration of Howard University's 10Bth Commencement on May Bth. The following is an excerpt from Mayor Jackson's message. Ed.
Rhythmic Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression of Clock Genes and Adipocytokines in Mouse Visceral Adipose Tissue (2005)

Various peripheral tissues show circadian rhythmicity, which is generated at the cellular level by their own core oscillators that are composed of transcriptional/translational feedback loops involving a set of clock genes. Although the circulating levels of some adipocytokines, i.e. bioactive substances secreted by adipocytes, are on a 24-h rhythmic cycle, it remains to be elucidated whether the clock gene system works in adipose tissue. To address this issue, we investigated the daily mRNA expression profiles of the clock genes and adipocytokines in mouse perigonadal adipose tissues. In C57BL/6J mice, all transcript levels of the clock genes (Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp) and adipocytokines (adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin) clearly showed 24-h rhythms. On the other hand, the rhythmic expression of these genes was mildly attenuated in obese KK mice and greatly attenuated in more obese, diabetic KK-A(y) mice. Obese diabetes also diminished the rhythmic expression of the clock genes in the liver. Interestingly, a 2-wk treatment of KK and KK-A(y) mice with pioglitazone impaired the 24-h rhythmicity of the mRNA expression of the clock genes and adipocytokines despite the antidiabetic effect of the drug. In contrast, pioglitazone improved the attenuated rhythmicity in the liver. These findings suggest that the intracellular clock gene system acts in visceral adipose tissues as well as liver and is influenced by the conditions of obesity/type 2 diabetes and pioglitazone treatment.
Effects of Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein Expression on Suppression of Prostate Cancer Metastasis (2003)

RKIP does not influence the tumorigenic properties of human prostate cancer cells. It appears to be a novel and clinically relevant suppressor of metastasis that may function by decreasing vascular invasion.
Simulation issues for future wireless modems (1994)

Mobile communication systems present several design challenges that stem from the mobility of users throughout the system and the time-varying multipath channel and interference. To address these challenges, future wireless modems will rely on performance enhancing techniques such as adaptive antennas, DSP-based interference rejection techniques, and real-time signal processing for capacity improvement. The authors present an overview of key simulation issues for wireless communications systems. First, the burst error characteristics of the mobile channel require the selection of appropriate performance measures. Second, accurate simulations require realistic channel models that include the effects of attenuation, multipath propagation, noise, and interference. Third, link-level simulation of wireless systems requires attention to details of system implementation including the effects of nonlinearities. Finally, efficient simulation of CDMA systems may require a combination of analytic and simulation techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computer modeling study of incremental hydrocarbon reactivity (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer modeling study of incremental hydrocarbon reactivityWilliam P. L. Carter and Roger AtkinsonCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1989, 23, 7, 864–880Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00065a017https://doi.org/10.1021/es00065a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spatial frequency matching in complex stimuli (1986)

Spatial frequency discrimination can be either facilitated or reduced by the addition of a grating mask to each test component, depending on the separation between mask and test frequencies. At small separations, performance is facilitated, probably due to unique beat patterns. At larger separations, performance is reduced. Reductions in performance might be explained if the mask introduces noise into the system; alternatively, the mask may alter the apparent spatial frequency of the test gratings, reducing the apparent difference between them. These possibilities were explored in a two-interval spatial frequency matching task. In the first interval, the test stimulus was repeatedly presented. A given test stimulus was composed of a vertical sinusoidal grating, either alone or masked by another frequency component. In the second interval, a sinusoidal grating of variable spatial frequency appeared. For each block of trials, the observer chose one component of the test stimulus to match. Blocks were repeated until the observer was satisfied that all distinct components had been matched for a given test stimulus. Matches were determined by averaging matches obtained by two randomly interleaved, independent staircases. The results provide information about the cues used in the complex discrimination task and are interpreted in relation to the discrimination data by means of a simple model.
Synthesis of Lanthanum chromite-Lanthanum manganite and LSCF-Lanthanum manganite core-shell particles via molten salt route (2017)

Lanthanum chromite (LaCrO3), Lanthanum manganite (LaMnO3) and 40% strontium doped lanthanum cobalt iron oxide, La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF-6428) are perovskite oxides which are widely used as interconnect or cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs) due to their high electrical conductivity, good oxygen reduction kinetics, and good chemical stability. The solid state reaction route is the most commonly used method for synthesis of these materials. However, the solid state reaction method usually involves long-time mixing and high synthesis temperature (typically, >1200 ºC), which makes it time-consuming and costly. Molten salt synthesis, which occurs at much lower temperatures (350 ºC – 550 ºC) can offer better particle size and compositional control and reduced energy usage during materials synthesis. \nIn this study, LaCrO3, LaMnO3, and LSCF were synthesized in a molten salt eutectic of LiCl-KCl. A range of reaction temperature from 370 ºC to 600 ºC was investigated. It was found that a pure LaMnO3 perovskite phase can be formed at as 400 ºC using the molten salt method and that LSCF powders were successfully synthesized at 500 ºC. When forming LaCrO3 using the molten salt method, LaOCl was also formed at or above 400 ºC. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show this is an attractive alternative route of synthesis to decrease the reaction temperature. Both Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images and XRD patterns for LaCrO3 showed that only cubic structures were formed at low temperature (400 ºC and 450 ºC) and then hexagonal structures started to appear at temperatures above 500 ºC. The molten salt synthesis method was then used to prepare core-shell structures with LaCrO3 or LSCF particles as the core and LaMnO3 as the shell. Core-shell structures were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the expected core-shell structures were successfully formed with the overall cubic structures. \nTherefore, the molten salt synthesis method is a feasible method to decrease the operation temperature and form the core-shell structure.
Parabolic quantum wells with the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:math>system (1984)

Photoluminescence measurements at 5 K on wafers containing parabolic quantum wells fabricated by molecular-beam expitaxy with the GaAs-${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.3}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.7}$As system reflect harmonic oscillator-like electron and hole levels. The many observed heavy-hole transitions can be fitted accurately with a model that divides the energy-gap discontinuity ${\ensuremath{\Delta}E}_{g}$ equally between the conduction and valence-band wells. This is in marked contrast to the usual ${\ensuremath{\Delta}E}_{c}=0.85{\ensuremath{\Delta}E}_{g}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}E}_{v}=0.15{\ensuremath{\Delta}E}_{g}$ generally assumed for square wells. Experiment and theory show that parabolic wells can lead to parity-allowed $\ensuremath{\Delta}n=2$ ("forbidden") transitions with strengths greater than that of nearby $\ensuremath{\Delta}n=0$ ("allowed") transitions.
Flexible and efficient access control in oracle (2007)

A single model for access control across the database and application server tiers is crucial to ensure consistent secure access to data in all the tiers. In this paper, we present the common model for access control within Oracle database and application tiers which is based on the standard WebDAV ACLs (Access Control Lists). Further, we discuss the flexible mechanisms for defining ACLs and associating them with data and various optimization techniques for efficiently evaluating ACLs in large scale enterprise applications.
Suppression of Natural Killer Cell Activity and T Cell Proliferation by Fresh Isolates of Human Cytomegalovirus (1986)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are commonly associated with immunosuppression. A direct effect of this virus on lymphocyte functions in vitro, however, has not been shown. We have been investigating the effects of low-passage, fresh isolates of HCMV (cell-free and cell-associated) on natural killer cell (NK) activity and T cell proliferation. Cell-associated, low-passage isolates of HCMV markedly depressed NK activity. Suppression of NK activity was clearly manifested only after seven days of culture and could not be correlated with titer of virus or cell viability. Addition of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) but not interleukin-2 (IL-2) partially reconstituted the response, whereas depletion of infected monocytes prevented inhibition of NK-mediated lysis. The effects of cell-free and cell-associated isolates of HCMV on T cell proliferation differed in several respects from suppression of NK activity. Both cell-associated and cell-free isolates of HCMV completely abrogated antigen-specific and mitogen responses. This effect was apparent after only three days of culture with virus and was not reversed by either IFN or IL-2. Cell-associated strain AD169 also induced suppression but to a lesser extent. From observations reported here and other data, we suggest that HCMV can cause direct suppression of lymphocyte functions.
High precision refraction measurements by solar imaging during occultation: results from SOFIE (2009)

A new method for measuring atmospheric refraction angles is presented, with in-orbit measurements demonstrating a precision of +/-0.02 arcsec (+/-0.1 microrad). Key advantages of the method are the following: (1) Simultaneous observation of two celestial points during occultation (i.e., top and bottom edges of the solar image) eliminates error from instrument attitude uncertainty. (2) The refraction angle is primarily a normalized difference measurement, causing only scale error, not absolute error. (3) A large number of detector pixels are used in the edge location by fitting to a known edge shape. The resulting refraction angle measurements allow temperature sounding up to the lower mesosphere.
Isolation, transcription, and inactivation of the gene for an atypical alkaline phosphatase of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 (1991)

The alkaline phosphatase of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 is 145 kDa, which is larger than any alkaline phosphatase previously characterized and approximately three times the size of the analogous enzyme in Escherichia coli. The gene for the alkaline phosphatase, phoA, was cloned and sequenced, and the protein that it encodes was found to have little similarity to other phosphatases. Some sequence similarities were observed between the Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 alkaline phosphatase, the alpha subunit of the ATPase from bacteria and chloroplasts, and the UshA sugar hydrolase of E. coli. Also, limited sequence similarity was observed between a region of the phosphatase and a motif implicated in nucleotide binding. Interestingly, although the alkaline phosphatase is transported across the inner cytoplasmic membrane and into the periplasmic space, it does not appear to have a cleavable signal sequence at its amino terminus. The half-life of the mRNA encoding the alkaline phosphatase, measured after inhibition of RNA synthesis, is approximately 5 min. Similar kinetics for the loss of alkaline phosphatase mRNA occur upon the addition of phosphate to phosphate-depleted cultures, suggesting that high levels of this nutrient inhibit transcription from phoA almost immediately. The phoA gene also appears to be the first gene of an operon; the largest detectable transcript that hybridizes to a phoA gene-specific probe is 11 kb, over twice the size needed to encode the mature protein. Other phosphate-regulated mRNAs are also transcribed upstream of the phoA gene. Insertional inactivation of phoA results in the loss of extracellular, phosphate-regulated phosphatase activity but does not alter the capacity of the cell for phosphate uptake.