gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initialization for improved IIR filter performance (1992)

A new method for initializing the memory registers of infinite impulse response (IIR) filters is introduced. In addition to providing improved performance as compared to other methods of initialization, this method is unique in that it makes no prior assumptions regarding the input-signal content. Therefore, the method applies equally well to a variety of IIR filter designs and applications. The method is best suited for signal processing applications in which 'batch' processing of the data is used. However, sequential processing, can be accommodated when delays at the beginning of a processing segment can be tolerated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactivity of Bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] Tetrasulfide (TESPT) Silane Coupling Agent over Hydrated Silica: Operando IR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Study (2014)

The presence of physisorbed water during the silanization of silica is well-known for strongly influencing the silane reactivity at the interface. In this work, the reactivity of bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPT), widely used in the rubber industry, on hydrated precipitation silica was investigated by time-resolved operando FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. The predominating reaction scheme is elucidated in conditions representative of industrial mixing process at the molecular scale. Based on multivariate curve resolution analysis and a quantitative kinetic model, it is shown that TESPT chemisorption is governed by two competitive reaction routes both producing only ethanol in the gas phase: (i) direct grafting reaction between an ethoxy moiety and a silica surface silanol and (ii) silane hydrolysis followed by co-condensation with a vicinal silane species. Reactions involving silanol–silanol condensation with production of water were not found to be significant. Although several types of water coexist on hydrated silica surface, it is demonstrated that strongly adsorbed monolayer water (Ea = 44 ± 2 kJ mol–1), which represents ∼5% w/w of the physisorbed water, is of primary importance in the hydrolysis reaction. Its relative surface concentration with respect to the amount of physisorbed silane is strongly correlated to the final ratio between co-condensation and grafting.
Attentional focus and motor learning: a review of 15 years (2012)

Over the past 15 years, research on focus of attention has consistently demonstrated that an external focus (i.e., on the movement effect) enhances motor performance and learning relative to an internal focus (i.e., on body movements). This article provides a comprehensive review of the extant literature. Findings show that the performance and learning advantages through instructions or feedback inducing an external focus extend across different types of tasks, skill levels, and age groups. Benefits are seen in movement effectiveness (e.g., accuracy, consistency, balance) as well as efficiency (e.g., muscular activity, force production, cardiovascular responses). Methodological issues that have arisen in the literature are discussed. Finally, our current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the attentional focus effect is outlined, and directions for future research are suggested.
PURIFICATION OF ALUMINUM THROUGH Al2O3 - AlF3 ACTIVE FILTRATION (2010)

Filtration is the most cost effective method to purify aluminum. In this paper, filtration experiments have been carried out using both AlF3 slurry coated, and uncoated Al2O3 ceramic foam filter (CFF) to study the removal of both nonmetallic inclusions and impurity elements. The results showed that the 30 ppi CFF removed up to 85% inclusions from aluminum. The contributing mechanisms for the removal of nonmetallic inclusions in the deep bed filtration mode are proposed: (1) collision with walls and interception effect; and (2) the formation of both intermetallic and nonmetallic inclusion bridges during filtration. Fluid dynamics modeling of inclusions attachment to the filter walls showed that most inclusions, especially those with larger sizes, are entrapped at the upper part of the filter while smaller inclusions dispersed well throughout the filter. The active filter could [Mg] remove impurity elements up to 86 %.
Mapping of the ligand binding domain of the transforming growth factor beta receptor type III by deletion mutagenesis. (1994)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor type III is a membrane-anchored proteoglycan that binds TGF-beta via the core protein. We have determined, by deletion mutagenesis of the receptor type III, the minimal essential region of the extracellular domain that is capable of binding TGF-beta. Nine deletion mutants were produced, six of which are expressed on the cell surface and bind TGF-beta. We find that the shortest of these active mutants, which retains only 253 of the 785 amino acids of the extracellular domain, binds TGF-beta with the same affinity as the full-length receptor. These results indicate that the ligand binding domain lies proximal to the transmembrane domain and is functionally independent from the rest of the extracellular domain. We have determined from the mutants that one of the potential glycosaminoglycan attachment sites in the receptor type III is not utilized. Results from the nonglycosylated mutants confirm that the glycosaminoglycan chains are not required for the folding, targeting, and TGF-beta binding activity of the receptor. Moreover, we present evidence for dimerization and multimerization of the receptor.
Statistical analysis of analog structures through variance calculation (2002)

Variance analysis is used for the estimation of how random device parameter variation effects the behavior of analog integrated circuits. This method is very effective if the random parameter deviations can be assumed to be normally distributed and statistically independent and if the nonlinear dependence of the circuit characteristics can be linearized around the nominal (mean) parameter values. It is shown under which conditions the nonlinear dependencies of the system characteristics on the parameters have to be taken into account and how this can improve the accuracy of statistical analysis. This is illustrated with two examples: a transconductance amplifier and an analog filter.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (2002)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Terahertz wave generation from gas plasma using a phase compensator with attosecond phase-control accuracy (2009)

We report the use of a precise phase compensator for the generation of intense terahertz waves from laser-induced gas plasma excited by a femtosecond pulse (ω) and its second harmonic (2ω) at both close contact and standoff distances. The attosecond accuracy phase-control capability of the device enables further optimization of the terahertz emission from gas plasma and elimination of the temporal walkoff between the ω and 2ω pulses traveling in dispersive media, resulting in intense terahertz generation at a distance of over 100 m by sending the optical beams far away and focusing them locally.
Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) using Interface Diversity (2017)

An important ingredient of the future 5G systems will be Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC). A way to offer URLLC without intervention in the baseband/PHY layer design is to use interface diversity and integrate multiple communication interfaces, each interface based on a different technology. In this work, we propose to use coding to seamlessly distribute coded payload and redundancy data across multiple available communication interfaces. We formulate an optimization problem to find the payload allocation weights that maximize the reliability at specific target latency values. In order to estimate the performance in terms of latency and reliability of such an integrated communication system, we propose an analysis framework that combines traditional reliability models with technology-specific latency probability distributions. Our model is capable to account for failure correlation among interfaces/technologies. By considering different scenarios, we find that optimized strategies can in some cases significantly outperform strategies based on $k$-out-of-$n$ erasure codes, where the latter do not account for the characteristics of the different interfaces. The model has been validated through simulation and is supported by experimental results.
Increased corneal temperature caused by MR imaging of the eye with a dedicated local coil. (1992)

To determine the existence of tissue heating-associated risks to the eye with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed at high specific absorption rates (SARs), corneal temperature was measured in 14 patients immediately before and after MR imaging performed with a 1.5-T, 64-MHz unit and a quadrature-driven body coil for radio-frequency transmission and a receive-only local coil designed for eye imaging. Fast spin-echo pulse sequences were used predominantly. Estimated peak SARs ranged from 3.3 to 8.4 W/kg. A statistically significant (P < .001) increase in average corneal temperature (32.2 degrees C +/- 0.7 before imaging, 33.1 degrees C +/- 0.6 after) was associated with MR imaging of the eye. The changes in corneal temperature ranged from 0.2 degrees to 1.8 degrees C (average, 0.9 degrees C). The highest corneal temperature measured after MR imaging was 35.1 degrees C. MR imaging performed with a dedicated local coil at the SARs studied produced elevations in corneal temperature that were physiologically inconsequential and below the temperature threshold (41 degrees to 55 degrees C) for radio-frequency radiation-induced cataractogenesis.
Comparative effects of calcium entry-blocking drugs, beta-blocking drugs, and their combination in patients with chronic stable angina. (1987)

For monotherapy, beta-blockers and calcium-entry blockers are effective and safe antianginal medications. For prophylaxis of myocardial ischemia, a different mechanism of action for each class of drugs is reflected by the different heart rate and rate-pressure product during exercise. In patients who continue to have anginal symptoms despite adequate beta-blockade, further alleviation of symptoms together with an increase in exercise tolerance may be observed with the addition of a calcium-entry blocker. Of note is the individual patient response to the various calcium-entry blockers when combined with propranolol. Although of theoretic concern with combination therapy, no deleterious effect on left ventricular function or increased adverse clinical effects were noted in our studies. Combination therapy with beta-blockers and calcium-entry blockers is well tolerated, effective, and safe both over the short and long term in patients with exertional angina.
Distributed Resource Reservation in Massively Parallel Processor Arrays (2011)

This paper proposes a methodology for applications to automatically claim linear arrays of processing elements within massively parallel processor arrays at run-time depending on the available degree of parallelism or dynamic computing requirements. Using this methodology, parallel programs running on individual processing elements gain the capability of autonomously managing the available processing resources in their neighborhood. We present different protocols and architectural support for gathering and transporting the result of a resource exploration for informing a configuration loader about the number and location of the claimed resources. Timing and data overhead cost of four different approaches are mathematically evaluated. In order to verify and compare these decentralized algorithms, a simulation platform has been developed to compare the data overhead and scalability of each approach for different sizes of processor arrays.
HEVC Based Multi-view Video Codec Using Frame Interleaving Technique (2016)

This paper presents a HEVC based multi-view video codec. The frames of the multi-view videos are interleaved to generate a monoscopic video sequence. The interleaving is conducted in a way to increase the exploitation of the temporal and inter-views correlations. The MV-HEVC standard codec is configured to work as a single layered codec, which functions as a monoscipic HEVC codec with AVC capabilities, and used to encode interleaved multi-view video frames. The performance of the codec is compared with the anchor standard MV-HEVC codec by coding the three standard multi-view video sequences: "Balloon", "Kendo" and "Newspaper1". Experimental results show the proposed codec out performs the anchor standard MV-HEVC codec in terms of bitrate and PSNR.
Architectural Support for Enhanced SMT Job Scheduling (2004)

By converting thread-level parallelism to instruction level parallelism, simultaneous multithreaded (SMT) processors are emerging as effective ways to utilize the resources of modern superscalar architectures. However, the full potential of SMT has not yet been reached as most modern operating systems use existing single-thread or multiprocessor algorithms to schedule threads, neglecting contention for resources between threads. To date, even the best SMT scheduling algorithms simply try to group threads for co-residency based on each thread's expected resource utilization but do not take into account variance in thread behavior. As such, we introduce architectural support that enables new thread scheduling algorithms to group threads for co-residency based on fine-grain memory system activity information. The proposed memory monitoring framework centers on the concept of a cache activity vector, which exposes runtime cache resource information to the operating system to improve job scheduling. Using this scheduling technique, we experimentally evaluate the overall performance improvement of workloads on an SMT machine compared against the most recent Linux job scheduler. This work is first motivated with experiments in a simulated environment, then validated on a hyperthreading-enabled Intel Pentium-4 Xeon microprocessor running a modified version of the latest Linux kernel.
Further studies on adenyl cyclase in psoriasis (1975)

Slices of human skin obtained with a keratome were pre-incubated with [3H]adenine to label the ATP pool from which cyclic AMP was subsequently formed. The accumulation of radioactive cyclic AMP was measured as an index of adenyl cyclase activity. The data showed that both the ability to incorporate [3H] into ATP and adenyl cyclase activity were significantly lower in psoriatic plaques than in uninvolved skin of the psoriatic patients, or in normal skin of control subjects. The response of adenyl cyclase to the stimulation of 3.3 muM adrenaline was less than five fold in psoriatic plaques as compared to twelve to thirty-two fold in the uninvolved skin. The response to the stimulation of prostaglandin E2 (5 mug/ml) showed no significant difference between the plaque and normal skin. The adenyl cyclase activity in uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients appeared normal. Propranolol (10 muM) blocked the stimulatory effect of adrenaline but not that of PGE2 in normal skin. These results suggest that the adenyl cyclase system of the skin has different regulatory sites for adrenaline and PGE2 and that the enzyme is defective in the epidermis of the psoriatic plaque, especially at the adrenaline regulatory site.
The Management of Ascites in Cirrhosis: Report on the Consensus Conference of the International Ascites Club (2003)

Ascites is a common complication of cirrhosis, and heralds a new phase of hepatic decompensation in the progression of the cirrhotic process. The development of ascites carries a significant worsening of the prognosis. It is important to diagnose noncirrhotic causes of ascites such as malignancy, tuberculosis, and pancreatic ascites since these occur with increased frequency in patients with liver disease. The International Ascites Club, representing the spectrum of clinical practice from North America to Europe, have developed guidelines by consensus in the management of cirrhotic ascites from the early ascitic stage to the stage of refractory ascites. Mild to moderate ascites should be managed by modest salt restriction and diuretic therapy with spironolactone or an equivalent in the first instance. Diuretics should be added in a stepwise fashion while maintaining sodium restriction. Gross ascites should be treated with therapeutic paracentesis followed by colloid volume expansion, and diuretic therapy. Refractory ascites is managed by repeated large volume paracentesis or insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPS). Successful placement of TIPS results in improved renal function, sodium excretion, and general well-being of the patient but without proven survival benefits. Clinicians caring for these patients should be aware of the potential complications of each treatment modality and be prepared to discontinue diuretics or not proceed with TIPS placement should complications or contraindications develop. Liver transplantation should be considered for all ascitic patients, and this should preferably be performed prior to the development of renal dysfunction to prevent further compromise of their prognosis.
Unshielded spin valve heads exchange biased by synthetic antiferromagnets (1999)

This paper discusses the advantage of utilizing a Co/Ru/Co synthetic antiferromagnet in the fabrication of spin valve heads suitable for high density magnetic recording. Benefits of using the synthetic antiferromagnet are: (1) the pinning field is over 6000 Oe; (2) magnetic stability is achieved over a wide temperature range with the sensor well biased at temperatures as high as 250/spl deg/C, because the pinning field is still higher than 3000 Oe at this temperature; (3) the pinned layer biasing mechanism is enhanced as the sensor height is reduced, and a 7.2% change in the resistivity is observed in a sensor with a 0.5 /spl mu/m height and a 0.7 /spl mu/m trackwidth; (4) the free layer bias state is easily attainable in sensors with small height (<1 /spl mu/m), as a consequence of the particular magnetic configuration of the synthetic antiferromagnet, which promotes an almost vanishing magnetostatic field; and (5) the sensor is only 17 nm thick.
Wound–Induced Migration of Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells Is Modulated by Endothelin–1 Through Rho–Kinase–Mediated Alterations in the Acto–Myosin Cytoskeleton (2001)

Although migration of stellate cells during hepatic injury is essential for wound-healing and fibrosis of the liver, the extracellular and intracellular signals that regulate stellate cell migration are incompletely understood. In this study we tested the hypothesis that wound-induced migration of stellate cells is modulated by endothelin-1 (ET-1) through rho-kinase-mediated alterations in the acto-myosin cytoskeleton. To address this hypothesis, a method was established for direct visualization of wound-induced migration of culture-activated stellate cells with subcellular resolution. Migration in response to wounding was characterized by (1) plasma membrane ruffling and protrusion into the wound, (2) lamellipodia formation at the leading edge, (3) focal adhesion and stress fiber assembly, and (4) myosin reorganization. Exogenous ET-1 accelerated wound-induced migration of stellate cells, but did not alter wound-induced proliferation. Experiments using ET-1 antagonists in the absence of exogenous ET-1 showed that wound-induced migration was also stimulated by endogenous ET-1. Selective inhibition of rho-associated kinase decelerated migration in response to wounding. Moreover, inhibition of rho-associated kinase was distinguished by abrogation of focal adhesion formation, stress fiber assembly, and myosin reorganization. This study shows that rho-kinase-dependent alterations in the acto-myosin cytoskeleton contribute to wound-induced stellate cell migration, which is accelerated by both exogenous and endogenous ET-1. Consequently, these results provide important new evidence suggesting that, migration of stellate cells is modulated by paracrine and autocrine ET-1 stimulation via the action of rho-kinase on the acto-myosin cytoskeleton.
The role of vertebroplasty in metastatic spinal disease (2001)

Many advances have been made in the treatment of metastatic spinal disease over the last few decades. Radiotherapy offers benefit and pain relief to many patients; however, this modality provides minimal vertebral stabilization. Surgical management consists of decompression and complex fusions. Vertebroplasty offers an adjuvant therapy to both radiotherapy and surgery by providing additional stabilization and pain relief. The results of case studies suggest that including vertebroplasty in the management of these patients is beneficial. In this article the authors review the role of vertebroplasty in metastatic spinal disease.
Solid‐state reactivity of the hydrazine–hydroquinone complex (2000)

The solid-state reactivities of the hydrazine–hydroquinone 1:1 complex and of hydrazine hydrochloride with solid aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, thiohydantoin and 4-nitrophenyl isothiocyanate were investigated. Only the hydrazine complex provides quantitative additions, condensations, ring openings and ring closures. The solid-state mechanisms were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the far-reaching anisotropic molecular movements are correlated with the crystal packing, both on the hydrazine complex surface and on the surface of two benzaldehydes. The hydrazine moves into the aldehyde crystals for chemical reaction without melting. Characteristic surface features are created by the common phase rebuilding and phase transformation on both the hydrazine-donating and -accepting crystals. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Additional material for this paper is available from the epoc website at http://www.wiley.com/epoc
Neural network-based output feedback controller for lean operation of spark ignition engines (2006)

Spark ignition (SI) engines running at very lean conditions demonstrate significant nonlinear behavior by exhibiting cycle-to-cycle dispersion of heat release even though such operation can significantly reduce NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> emissions and improve fuel efficiency by as much as 5-10%. A suite of neural network (NN) controller without and with reinforcement learning employing output feedback has shown ability to reduce the nonlinear cyclic dispersion observed under lean operating conditions. The neural network controllers consists of three NN: a) A NN observer to estimate the states of the engine such as total fuel and air; b) a second NN for generating virtual input; and c) a third NN for generating actual control input. For reinforcement learning, an additional NN is used as the critic. The uniform ultimate boundedness of all closed-loop signals is demonstrated by using Lyapunov analysis without using the separation principle. Experimental results on a research engine at an equivalence ratio of 0.77 show a drop in NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x </sub> emissions by around 98% from stoichiometric levels. A 30% drop in unburned hydrocarbons from uncontrolled case is observed at this equivalence ratio