gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in Electronic Control of Large Diesel Engines (1990)

The general theme of the growing use of electronic systems for the control and monitoring of large diesel engines is discussed. Central to the theme is a new digital governing system for industrial, traction, and marine diesels. This new governing system is capable also of being a marine propulsion controller or engine management/protection system and thus can be a very cost-effective package. In wider use it can work under the overall control of a power management host computer and interface with engine health monitoring equipment. Experience to date with the new governor is reported and plans for its future use outlined.
Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Methionine Sulfoxide in Protein (2001)

We have developed a new technique for quantifying methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) in protein to assess levels of oxidative stress in physiological systems. In this procedure, samples are hydrolyzed with methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in order to avoid the conversion of MetSO to methionine (Met) that occurs during hydrolysis of protein in HCl. The hydrolysate is fractionated on a cation exchange column to remove the nonvolatile MSA from amino acids, and the amino acids are then derivatized as their trimethylsilyl esters for analysis by selected ion monitoring-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The limit of detection of the assay is 200 pmol of MetSO per analysis, and the interassay coefficient of variation is 5.8%. Compared to current methods, the SIM-GC/MS assay avoids the potential for conversion of Met to MetSO during sample preparation, requires less sample preparation time, has lower variability, and uses mass spectrometry for sensitive and specific analyte detection.
Chinese green tea consumption reduces oxidative stress, inflammation and tissues damage in smoke exposed rats. (2014)

Exposure of albino rat model to cigarette smoke caused oxidative stress, altered the cellular antioxidant defense system, induced apoptosis in lung tissue, inflammation and tissues damage, which could be prevented by supplementation of CGT.
Residual stress and its effect on corrosion behaviour of butt jointed Cu–Al alloys (1999)

Residual stresses in dissimilar metal joints of copper and aluminium alloys have been measured using an X-ray diffraction technique and estimated by finite element analysis. The effects of local tensile and com pressive residual stresses in the joints on corrosion in artificial seawater have been investigated, using a potentiodynamic polarisation method. Galvanic cor rosion at the dissimilar metal weld region may be enhanced by the additional effect of differential stress induced by welding.
A Mathematical Approach for Reducing the Maximum Traction Energy: The Case of Korean MRT Trains (2010)

Abstract—This paper describes a reduction in the peak traction energy of mass rapid transit (MRT) railways through timetabling. We develop a mixed integer programming (MIP) model that minimizes the maximum traction energy that occurs when trains are running simultaneously. We tried two approaches. In the first approach, we use the commercial MIP solver CPLEX. In the second approach, we propose a heuristic algorithm. We applied both methods to the current daily timetable of the Korea Metropolitan Subway. We determined a feasible solution that results in an improvement of approximately 32 % over the current timetable.
Atomic layer deposition of titanium phosphate on silica nanoparticles (2011)

Titanium phosphate was deposited on silica nanoparticles by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The precursors were titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), trimethylphosphate ((MeO)3PO), and water. Depositions were done at 150–300 °C employing a variety of pulse sequences which altered the self-limiting deposition process. Using the pulse sequence TiCl4-H2O-(MeO)3PO-H2O, the process was self-limiting at 200 °C, and ≤0.3 at.% Cl was incorporated into the material. With the pulse sequence TiCl4-H2O-(MeO)3PO, the process was not completely self-limiting at 200 °C and slightly more Cl incorporation occurred. Using the pulse sequence TiCl4-(MeO)3PO, the process was not self-limiting at 175 or 250 °C, and Cl incorporation was 0.2–2 at.%. The surface area of the material decreased from 300 m2/g for uncoated silica to 46 m2/g for silica coated with 60ALD cycles.
Oral Acyclovir Therapy Accelerates Pain Resolution in Patients with Herpes Zoster: A Meta-analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials (1996)

Meta-analysis of four double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of oral acyclovir (800 mg five times daily) for the treatment of herpes zoster was conducted to provide definitive assessments of the effect of acyclovir on the resolution of zoster-associated pain. The studies involved a total of 691 patients, and the analysis was performed on an intent-to-treat basis. A range of milestones of pain cessation were evaluated by means of Cox regression models with adjustment for relevant prognostic factors. The proportion of patients with postherpetic neuralgia at 3 and 6 months was also determined. Advancing age and more severe pain at presentation were associated with more prolonged pain. Acyclovir was clearly shown to accelerate pain resolution by all of the measures employed. Benefit was especially evident in patients 50 years of age or older. Fewer acyclovir recipients had postherpetic neuralgia at 3 or 6 months. Overall, the reductions of pain duration and prevalence were approximately twofold.
Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Aminoindole Ureas from Ethyl 1-Amino-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1<i>H</i>-indole-3-carboxylate (2001)

Two routes to the synthesis of ethyl 6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate are described. N-Amination of this key intermediate with O-(diphenylphosphinyl)hydroxylamine and subsequent reactions with aryl isocyanates, using pyridine as solvent, gave the corresponding N-aminoindole ureas 1-4 in good yields.
780 nm band TM-mode laser operation of GaAsP/AlGaAs tensile-strained quantum-well lasers (1993)

Tensile-strained active layer GaAs/AlGaAs separateconfinement- heterostructure quantum-well lasers are reported. These lasers oscillate in the 780 nm band in the TM mode by TM mode gain enhancement in the tensile-strained active layer. The threshold current density of single-quantum-well laser diodes increases rapidly with heatsink temperature. However, triple-quantum-well laser diodes with a cavity length of 485–110 μm oscillated with a threshold current density 1–4 and 30 kA/cm2.
Immunochemical studies of foot-and-mouth disease. 8. Detection and quantitation of antibodies by radial immunodiffusion. (1970)

Guinea pig antiserum containing known quantities of antibody to foot-and-mouth disease virus (140S antigen) and virus protein subunit (12S antigen) was used as a standard in radial immunodiffusion (RID) analyses for determining the antibody content of other antisera. The antibody contents estimated by RID for the unknown sera were in close agreement with those subsequently established by quantitative precipitin analyses. Relatively small amounts of reagents are required and the procedure is simple to perform. Consequently, it provides a feasible procedure for the quantitative estimation of the antibody content of many antisera to the different antigenic components occurring in foot-and-mouth disease. The RID techniques used were approximately 10 times more sensitive for detecting either antibody or virus (140S antigen) than the Ouchterlony double diffusion method. The sensitivity of the procedure used was such that it approached that of complement fixation for the detection of 7S antibody. The greatest sensitivity for detecting either 140S antigen or antibody was obtained when the reactant sought was incorporated into the agar layer. Antibody was detected at a concentration of 1 µg/ml in agar, and 140S antigen was detected at a concentration of 1.25 µg/ml in agar by 19S antibody, and at 2.5 µg/ml by 7S antibody.
On the implementation of input-feedforward delta-sigma modulators (2006)

This brief addresses some practical issues on the implementation of the input-feedforward delta-sigma modulators. First, the timing constraint imposed by the input-feedforward path is identified and a possible method to relax the constraint is proposed. Second, the drawbacks of the analog adder needed before the quantizer are explained and a method to eliminate the adder is proposed
Induction of cytochrome <i>P</i>-450BM-3 (CYP 102) by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> (1996)

Bacillus megaterium contains a cytochrome P-450 fatty acid mono-oxygenase which is inducible with barbiturate drugs. We have demonstrated that this enzyme system is inducible with peroxisome proliferators. In mammals, peroxisome proliferators also induce mono-oxygenases in the CYP4A gene family. In this paper we demonstrate that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen, ketoprofen and indomethacin are potent inducers of fatty acid mono-oxygenase activity as well as of P-450BM-3 protein in B. megaterium. The levels of induction of P-450 protein were 11.8-, 3.9- and 3.0-fold respectively. In addition, we demonstrate that these inducing agents interact with a transcriptional repressor, Bm3R1, which leads to its dissociation from its operator sequence. This provides a rational mechanism for the induction process. This is the first report which demonstrates that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can interact directly with a transcription factor to initiate gene expression, and further substantiates the structure-activity relationships that identify inducers of cytochrome P-450BM-3 and compounds that have the potential to act as peroxisome proliferators and induce CYP4A expression in mammals.
Pearls found on the way to the ideal interface for scanned-probe microscopes (1997)

Since 1991, our team of computer scientists, chemists and physicists have worked together to develop an advanced, virtual-environment interface to scanned-probe microscopes. The interface has provided insights and useful capabilities well beyond those of the traditional interface. This paper lists the particular visualization and control techniques that have enabled actual scientific discovery, including specific examples of insight gained using each technique. This information can help scientists determine which features are likely to be useful in their particular application, and which would be just sugar coating. It can also guide computer scientists to suggest the appropriate type of interface to help solve a particular problem. We have found benefit in advanced rendering with natural viewpoint control (but not always), from semi-automatic control techniques, from force feedback during manipulation, and from storing/replaying data for an entire experiment. These benefits come when the system is well-integrated into the existing tool and allows export of the data to standard visualization packages.
Nitrogen radical doping during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of ZnSe (1993)

The availability of nitrogen radical doping in low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of N-doped ZnSe layers is reported. Active nitrogen generated by low-frequency dielectric discharge was supplied alternately with source materials. The narrow and distinct peak for the acceptor-bound exciton, together with donor-acceptor pair peaks, is predominant in the low-temperature cathodoluminescence spectra for the layers prepared with alternate growth and doping.
Large area imaging detector for long-range, passive detection of fissile material (2003)

Recent events highlight the increased risk of a terrorist attack using either a nuclear or a radiological weapon. One of the key needs to counter such a threat is long-range detection of nuclear material. Theoretically, gamma-ray emissions from such material should allow passive detection to distances greater than 100 m. However, detection at this range has long been thought impractical due to fluctuating levels of natural background radiation. These fluctuations are the major source of uncertainty in detection and mean that sensitivity cannot be increased simply by increasing detector size. Recent work has shown that this problem can be overcome through the use of imaging techniques. In this paper we describe the background problems, the advantages of imaging and the construction of a prototype, large-area (0.57 m/sup 2/) gamma-ray imager to detect nuclear materials at distances of /spl sim/100 m.
Performance of a TDMA portable radio system using a cyclic block code for burst synchronization and error detection (1993)

A combined burst synchronization and error detection scheme is studied for a time-division multiple access (TDMA) portable radio system. Analysis, computer simulation, and experimental results of the false acceptance rate of the system using the combined scheme are presented. It is found that for a (161,147) code used in this study, which is capable of correcting +or-6-b sync slippage, the error detection capability of the code is degraded by 3 b on a slow Rayleigh fading channel using coherent QPSK demodulation with differential decoding. However, lower implementation complexity and higher efficiency are obtained than with separate burst synchronization and error detection processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generation of DNA damage by anti-neoplastic agents (1991)

DNA has been one of the major targets of cancer chemotherapy. A variety of anti-neoplastic agents can cause different types of DNA lesions, including base alterations, single- or double-strand DNA breaks, DNA-DNA cross-links and DNA-protein cross-links. The exact processes by which these DNA lesions lead to cell death remain uncertain. However, pivotal roles of intracellular Ca2+ ion mobilization, activation of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease and induction of several oncogenes have been proposed. Understanding the mechanism of DNA damage and subsequent cell death will be important to improve the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy.
120-GHz Tx/Rx Waveguide Modules for 10-Gbit/s Wireless Link System (2006)

This paper describes the development of wavegude modules for 120-GHz wireless applications. The MMIC in the modules were fabricated using 0.1-mum-gate InP-HEMTs and coplanar waveguides. The transmitter (Tx) module contains a Tx MMIC and a multiplier MMIC for carrier generation. The Tx MMIC contains a frequency doubler, ASK modulator, and an amplifier. Output power of the Tx module is 0 dBm. The receiver (Rx) module contains a Rx MMIC with a low-noise amplifier and ASK demodulator. For high-power operation of transmitter, we developed a power amplifier (PA) waveguide module that attaches to the Tx module. This PA module contains one-chip PA MMIC, and has 13-dBm output power with associated gain of 10.5 dB at 125 GHz. A back-to-back test of the Tx/Rx modules with and without the PA module have shown it to be fully functional at 10-Gbit/s data rate with BER = 1e-10 at -34.5-dBm and -36.1-dBm input powers for the receiver, respectively
Fabrication of thin composite palladium membranes:modification of the porous ceramic substrate with gel (2010)

Composite palladium membranes were highly permeable for the hydrogen.They were prepared by electroless plating with porous ceramics as a substrate material.Before plating a layer of the gel was deposited on the substrate and after plating the gel layer was decomposed by heat treatment.It was found that the palladium membrane with the substrate modification was more uniform and lustrous,and its hydrogen permeability was up to 3 times of the palladium membrane without the substrate modification.Since the gel deposition prevented the penetration of the palladium into the pores of the substrate,the membrane adhesion decreased.It was a key problem to be resolved in future.
Temperature dependence analysis of the thermo-optic effect in silicon by single and double oscillator models (2000)

The thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of crystalline silicon has been critically analyzed in the temperature range 300–600 K, at the fiber optic communication wavelength of 1.5 μm. The temperature dependence has been attributed to the variation of the interband transition energies at some critical points of the silicon band structure. The experimental data have been fitted using single and double oscillator models. In particular, the double oscillator model, which is physically correlated to the silicon band structure, has been exploited to extrapolate the temperature dependence of the interband transition energies at some points (critical points) of the combined density of states. The extracted parameters are in good agreement with the data reported in the literature. Finally, in connection with both of the oscillator approximations, an analysis based on thermodynamic considerations is carried out, and electron–hole formation entropy and specific heat are calculated. The consistency of the obtained results validate the reliability of the proposed analysis.
Deregulation of CREB Signaling Pathway Induced by Chronic Hyperglycemia Downregulates NeuroD Transcription (2012)

CREB mediates the transcriptional effects of glucose and incretin hormones in insulin-target cells and insulin-producing β-cells. Although the inhibition of CREB activity is known to decrease the β-cell mass, it is still unknown what factors inversely alter the CREB signaling pathway in β-cells. Here, we show that β-cell dysfunctions occurring in chronic hyperglycemia are not caused by simple inhibition of CREB activity but rather by the persistent activation of CREB due to decreases in protein phophatase PP2A. When freshly isolated rat pancreatic islets were chronically exposed to 25 mM (high) glucose, the PP2A activity was reduced with a concomitant increase in active pCREB. Brief challenges with 15 mM glucose or 30 µM forskolin after 2 hour fasting further increased the level of pCREB and consequently induced the persistent expression of ICER. The excessively produced ICER was sufficient to repress the transcription of NeuroD, insulin, and SUR1 genes. In contrast, when islets were grown in 5 mM (low) glucose, CREB was transiently activated in response to glucose or forskolin stimuli. Thus, ICER expression was transient and insufficient to repress those target genes. Importantly, overexpression of PP2A reversed the adverse effects of chronic hyperglycemia and successfully restored the transient activation of CREB and ICER. Conversely, depletion of PP2A with siRNA was sufficient to disrupt the negative feedback regulation of CREB and induce hyperglycemic phenotypes even under low glucose conditions. Our findings suggest that the failure of the negative feedback regulation of CREB is the primary cause for β-cell dysfunctions under conditions of pathogenic hyperglycemia, and PP2A can be a novel target for future therapies aiming to protect β-cells mass in the late transitional phase of non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes (NIDDM).
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (2004)

This double-blind, controlled trial suggests that in PTSD patients, 10 daily sessions of right dorsolateral prefrontal rTMS at a frequency of 10 Hz have greater therapeutic effects than slow-frequency or sham stimulation.
High-performance MnO2-deposited graphene/activated carbon film electrodes for flexible solid-state supercapacitor (2017)

High theoretical capacitance of MnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were successfully electrodeposited on the conductive graphene/activated carbon (GN/AC) composite film, and the urchin type MnO<sub>2</sub> microspheres were controlled by adjusting the electro-deposition reaction times. The GN/AC/MnO<sub>2</sub>-1200s composite electrodes exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 1231 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> (MnO<sub>2</sub> loading mass of 7.65 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> and the mass specific capacitance of 123 F/g) at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. The assembled flexible solid-state symmetric supercapacitor had a good mechanical flexibility (about 88.6% of its original capacitance after 500 bending times) and prominent cycling stability (about 82.8% retention in capacitance over 10000 cycles). More importantly, the device could possess a maximum energy density of 0.27 mW h/cm<sup>3</sup> and a maximum power density of 0.02 W/cm<sup>3</sup>. These results well demonstrate a great potential for applications of GN/AC/MnO<sub>2</sub> composite electrodes in flexible energy storage devices.
Low Power Testing—What Can Commercial Design-for-Test Tools Provide? (2011)

Minimizing power consumption during functional operation and during manufacturing tests has become one of the dominant requirements for the semiconductor designs in the past decade. From commercial design-for-test (DFT) tools’ point of view, this paper describes how DFT tools can help to achieve comprehensive testing of low power designs and reduce test power consumption during test application.
Low Leakage and High-k Liquid Phase Deposited TiO[sub 2] and SiO[sub 2]/TiO[sub 2] Films on (NH[sub 4])[sub 2]S-Treated GaAs (2010)

High bandgap on films prepared by liquid phase deposition can lower the thermionic emission leakage from the low bandgap on GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure. Furthermore, treatment improves the interface quality. The leakage current densities of on the -treated GaAs MOS capacitor are and at ±0.5 MV/cm, respectively. The dielectric constant is . With liquid phase deposited films as dielectrics, the leakage current densities can be improved to and at ±0.5 MV/cm, respectively. The effective dielectric constant can reach .
DBR active optical filters: transfer function and noise characteristics (1990)

A theoretical model of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) active filters is presented and verified experimentally through measurements of the transfer function and the noise spectra. The theory allows simple yet accurate evaluation of the transmission transfer function and of the noise properties of this class of filters. A conventional DBR laser device used as a filter is shown, experimentally and theoretically, to have two drawbacks: a multilobe transfer function and small gain (less than 10 dB facet-to-facet). It is shown how both problems can be overcome via reduction of two key device parameters: the grating coupling coefficient and the physical length of the active and/or phase control sections. This technique can lead to devices with attractive properties, having a gain of 35 dB, sidelobe suppression of 32 dB, and bandwidth as narrow as 1 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phenolic Constituents of <i>Grevillea robusta</i> (Proteaceae). The Structure of Robustol, a Novel Macrocyclic Phenol (1973)

Rutin, 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid (5), methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate (6), and a mixture of novel macrocyclic phenols have been isolated from the leaves of Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. The major macrocyclic phenol, robustol, has been shown to have the structure (8) by the application of physical methods and by degradation of robustol trimethyl ether (9) to give 3-[14?-(3?,5?-dimethoxyphenyl)tetradec-1?-yl]-5-methoxy-phenol (34). Three of the minor macrocyclic phenols have been assigned tentative structures (11), (12), and (13).