gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential intraocular lens designs (1999)

Recent articles about sharp-edged posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) attest to the benefit of preventing posterior capsule opacification (PCO)1 as well as the disadvantage of unwanted optical phenomena.2 My clinical experience with the sharp-edged AcrySof® (Alcon) IOL certainly supports these findings. Two potential designs to preserve the protective effect on PCO while reducing unwanted optical images (edge glare) occurred to me after reading these and other articles. Rounding the anterior optic edge while keeping the posterior edge sharp should reduce glare without eliminating the barrier effect to lens epithelial cell migration along the posterior capsule. More radically, creating a concave edge could actually increase the barrier effect and possibly reduce edge glare to less than that of a round-edge lens. Whether either of these designs would actually perform as speculated, would be practical to manufacture, or would create new problems would require further study.
The spatial behavior of nonclassical light (1999)

Nonclassical effects such as squeezing, antibunching, and sub-Poissonian statistics of photons have been attracting attention in quantum optics over the last decade. Up to now most theoretical and experimental investigations have been carried out exclusively in the time domain while neglecting the spatial aspects by considering only one spatial mode of the electromagnetic field. In many situations such an approximation is well justified. There are, however, problems that do not allow in principle a single-mode consideration. This is the case when one wants to investigate the quantum fluctuations of light at different spatial points in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the light beam. Such an investigation requires a complete description of quantum fluctuations of light in both time and space and cannot be done within a single-mode theory. This space-time description brings about a natural generalization into the spatial domain of such notions as the standard quantum limit, squeezing, antibunching, etc. It predicts, for example, the possibility of generating a light beam with sub-Poissonian statistics of photons not only in time but also in the beam's transverse plane. Of particular relevance to the applications is a situation in which the cross section of the light beam contains several nonoverlapping areas with sub-Poissonian statistics of photons in each. Photodetection of such a beam produces several sub-shot-noise photocurrents depending on the number of independent areas with sub-Poissonian statistics. This is in marked contrast to the case of a single-mode sub-Poissonian light beam in which any attempt to collect light from only a part of the beam deteriorates the degree of shot-noise reduction. This property of multimode squeezed light opens a range of interesting new applications in optical imaging, optical parallel processing of information, parallel computing, and many other areas in which it is desirable to have a light beam with regular photon statistics across its transverse area. The aim of this review is to describe the recent development in this branch of quantum optics.
Human Papillomavirus and Papanicolaou Tests to Screen for Cervical Cancer (2008)

Screening for cervical cancer by testing for human papillomavirus (HPV), the major cause of the disease, reportedly increases the sensitivity of detecting high-grade (grade 2 or 3) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). It is not clear, however, whether this reflects protection against future high-grade CIN or cervical cancer, or whether it represents over-diagnosis. This Swedish population-based screening program randomly assigned 12,527 women ranging in age from 32 to 38 years to have either an HPV test plus a Pap test (n = 6257, the intervention group) or a Pap test alone (n = 6270, the control group). Those having a positive HPV test and a normal Pap test were offered a second HPV test at least 1 year later, and those persistently infected with the same high-risk type of HPV were offered colposcopy with cervical biopsy. A similar number of double-blinded Pap smears and colposcopies with biopsy were done in randomly selected control women to avoid ascertainment bias. The average follow-up interval was 4.1 years. Initially, 51% more women in the intervention group than in the control group had grade 2 or 3 CIN or cancer. On subsequent screening, the proportion of women in the intervention group who had grade 2/3 lesions or cancer was 42% less, and the proportion with grade 3 lesions or cancer was 47% less than the proportion of control women having such lesions. The increased incidence of grade 2 lesions found at initial screening in the intervention group was not followed by a significant reduction of such lesions at later screening. Women with persistent HPV infection remained at high risk of grade 2 or 3 lesions or cancer after being referred for colposcopy. Five women in the control group and one in the intervention group were found to have invasive squamous-cell carcinoma. Four in each group developed adenocarcinoma in situ or adenocarcinoma. All of these women with advanced changes were HPV-positive at baseline. The improved sensitivity of HPV testing in women in their mid-30s who are screened for cervical cancer is not solely a result of over-diagnosis. It can be ascribed—at least in part—to the earlier diagnosis of cervical lesions that do not regress on follow-up screening.
Prospects for Biocontrol of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Contamination in Blue Mussels (Mytilus edulus)—A Year-Long Study (2018)

<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is an environmental organism normally found in subtropical estuarine environments which can cause seafood-related human infections. Clinical disease is associated with diagnostic presence of <i>tdh</i> and/or <i>trh</i> virulence genes and identification of these genes in our preliminary isolates from retail shellfish prompted a year-long surveillance of isolates from a temperate estuary in the north of England. The microbial and environmental analysis of 117 samples of mussels, seawater or sediment showed the presence of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> from mussels (100%) at all time-points throughout the year including the colder months although they were only recovered from 94.9% of seawater and 92.3% of sediment samples. Throughout the surveillance, 96 isolates were subjected to specific PCR for virulence genes and none tested positive for either. The common understanding that consuming poorly cooked mussels only represents a risk of infection during summer vacations therefore is challenged. Further investigations with <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> using RAPD-PCR cluster analysis showed a genetically diverse population. There was no distinct clustering for "environmental" or "clinical" reference strains although a wide variability and heterogeneity agreed with other reports. Continued surveillance of isolates to allay public health risks are justified since geographical distribution and composition of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> varies with Future Ocean warming and the potential of environmental strains to acquire virulence genes from pathogenic isolates. The prospects for intervention by phage-mediated biocontrol to reduce or eradicate <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> in mussels was also investigated. Bacteriophages isolated from enriched samples collected from the river Humber were assessed for their ability to inhibit the growth of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> strains <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> (with live mussels). <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> were significantly reduced <i>in-vitro</i>, by an average of 1 log-2 log units and <i>in-vivo</i>, significant reduction of the organisms in mussels occurred in three replicate experimental tank set ups with a "phage cocktail" containing 12 different phages. Our perspective biocontrol study suggests that a cocktail of specific phages targeted against strains of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> provides good evidence in an experimental setting of the valuable potential of phage as a decontamination agent in natural or industrial mussel processing (343w).
Supraventricular tachycardia treated with continuous infusions of propranolol (1988)

Because oral therapy is often contraindicated in hospitalized patients we assessed the safety and efficacy of continuous intravenous propranolol infusions in nine patients with refractory supraventricular tachycardia. Standard pharmacokinetic formulas predicted a loading dose (52.2 +/- 38.3 micrograms/kg), steady-state plasma concentration, and the initial maintenance dose (16.1 +/- 16.2 micrograms/kg/hr; range 6.1 to 56.0 micrograms/kg/hr) to control heart rate. Subsequent maintenance doses (3.9 to 74.9 micrograms/kg/hr) were determined by clinical response. Heart rate decreased from 146 +/- 22 to 98 +/- 16 beats/min (p less than 0.0001). This decrease persisted throughout the infusion. Measured propranolol levels (28 +/- 21 ng/ml) did not differ significantly from the predicted levels (23 +/- 17 ng/ml). The duration of the infusion averaged 97 +/- 77 hours. A side effect, transient wheezing, occurred in only one patient. This resolved when the infusion rate was decreased. We conclude that continuous propranolol infusions appear safe and effective in treating these patients with supraventricular tachycardia.
Raising Venture Capital (1989)

The word “venture” is synonymous with “risk.” Venture capital investment is risk financing. The investor bases his expectations for return on capital on his assessment of measured exposure. Ferdinand and Isabella, and the other rulers of the fifteenth century, may have been the originators of risk investment for high returns.
ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING FREEWAY TRAFFIC CONGESTION (1986)

Basic analytical procedures presented in a Federal Highway Administration funded 6-volume report on the freeway incident management problem are summarized in this article. The article then describes a new user-friendly microcomputer model for quickly and easily computing delay, time-to-normal flow (TNF), and maximum queue (Q-max) caused by freeway incidents. The availability of an interactive Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet for fast computations is discussed. This microcomputer tool can be used to estimate the impact of planned incidents and the consequences of freeway incidents for immediately determining the optimum traffic control strategy.
A realistic generic model for anti‐tetrachiral systems (2013)

Chiral systems are a class of structures, which may exhibit the anomalous property of a negative Poisson's ratio. Proposed by Wojciechowski and implemented later by Lakes, these structures have aroused interest due to their remarkable mechanical properties and numerous potential applications. In view of this, this paper investigates the on‐axis mechanical properties of the general forms of the flexing anti‐tetrachiral system through analytical and finite element models. The results suggest that these are highly dependent on the geometry (the ratio of ligament lengths, thicknesses, and radius of nodes) and material properties of the constituent materials. We also show that the rigidity of an anti‐tetrachiral system can be changed without altering the Poisson's ratio. The anti‐tetrachiral system, with the unit cell shown in red.
Context based Indexing in Search Engines using Ontology (2010)

Indexing in search engines has been an active area of current researches. The main aim of search engines is to provide most relevant documents to the users in minimum possible time. So granting efficient and fast accesses to the index is a major issue for performances of Web Search Engines. Indexing is performed on the web pages after they have been gathered into a repository by the crawler. The existing architecture of search engine shows that the index is built on the basis of the terms of the document and consists of an array of the posting lists where each posting list is associated with a term and contains the term as well as the identifiers of the documents containing the term. The current information retrieval systems use terms to describe documents and search engines. This paper proposes an indexing structure in which index is built on the basis of context of the document rather than on the terms basis using ontology. The ontology-based collection selection method presented in this paper uses context to describe collections and search engines. The context of the documents being collected by the crawler in the repository is being extracted by the indexer using the context repository, thesaurus and ontology repository and then documents are indexed according to their respective context.
MIXED DISULFIDES OF L-CYSTEINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES WITH 2-MERCAPTOETHANOL (1996)

(1996). MIXED DISULFIDES OF L-CYSTEINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES WITH 2-MERCAPTOETHANOL. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 237-241.
Biological ion exchanger resins. VI. Determination of the Donnan potentials of single ion-exchange beads with microelectrodes (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiological ion exchanger resins. VI. Determination of the Donnan potentials of single ion-exchange beads with microelectrodesMichael Goldsmith, Doris Hor, and Raymond DamadianCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1975, 79, 4, 342–344Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100571a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100571a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors: finding the right indication (2007)

Consistent clinical practice guidelines based on multiple randomized control trials and meta-analyses should further guide the appropriate and cost-effective use of these agents.
Development of a Dual-Stage Continuous Flow Reactor for Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hybrid Nanoparticles (2015)

This paper provides a comprehensive description of the design and commissioning of a dual-stage flow reactor for hydrothermal synthesis, notably heterogeneous nanomaterials such as core–shell particles or nanocomposites. The design is based on the hypothesis that the next frontier of studies within continuous, hydrothermal synthesis lies as much with scalability as it does with the materials properties and performance in applications. Therefore, this reactor belongs to the up-scaled end of a laboratory system with a synthesis capacity of up to 50 g/h. Commissioning was accomplished with TiO2 nanoparticles as a model material. Results comply with earlier ones obtained from single-stage reactors. Dual-stage synthesis of a TiO2@SnO2 nanocomposite was performed by adding a SnCl4 solution to newly formed 9 nm TiO2 nanoparticles, yielding deposition of 2 nm rutile SnO2. Synthesis of pure SnO2 produced much larger nanocrystals, indicating that TiO2 nanoparticles provide the nucleation sites for SnO2 and impede the growth beyond 2 nm.
Joining of molybdenum and titanium (1993)

(1993). Joining of molybdenum and titanium. Welding International: Vol. 7, No. 11, pp. 845-849.
Inhibitor-binding mode of homobelactosin C to proteasomes: New insights into class I MHC ligand generation (2006)

Most class I MHC ligands are generated from the vast majority of cellular proteins by proteolysis within the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and are presented on the cell surface by MHC class I molecules. Here, we present the crystallographic analysis of yeast 20S proteasome in complex with the inhibitor homobelactosin C. The structure reveals a unique inhibitor-binding mode and provides information about the composition of proteasomal primed substrate-binding sites. IFN-gamma inducible substitution of proteasomal constitutive subunits by immunosubunits modulates characteristics of generated peptides, thus producing fragments with higher preference for binding to MHC class I molecules. The structural data for the proteasome:homobelactosin C complex provide an explanation for involvement of immunosubunits in antigen generation and open perspectives for rational design of ligands, inhibiting exclusively constitutive proteasomes or immunoproteasomes.
Perfusion Index in Preterm Infants during the First 3 Days of Life: Reference Values and Relation with Clinical Variables (2015)

PI varied according to several clinical conditions. The association with common clinical factors suggests that PI might be used for monitoring neonatal hemodynamics and possibly as an additional guidance for interventions.
Selection of an avian retrovirus mutant with extended receptor usage (1997)

Receptor recognition by avian retroviruses is thought to involve the interaction of two regions of the SU protein, hr1 and hr2, with the host cell surface receptor. These regions exhibit considerable variation, concordant with differences in receptor usage among the many avian leukosis virus subgroups. We hypothesize that some retroviruses have altered receptor usage in response to selective pressures imposed by receptor polymorphisms in their hosts. To test this hypothesis, we passaged td-Pr-RSV-B on cocultured permissive chicken (C/E) and nonpermissive quail (QT6/BD) cells. A variant virus with an expanded host range was identified at passage 29 and ultimately shown to be identical in sequence to td-Pr-RSV-B, except for changes at codons 155 and 156 of SU amino acid corresponding to two amino acid changes within hr1. Superinfection resistance studies suggest that the variant virus recognizes the subgroup B receptor on chicken cells and the subgroup E receptor on quail cells. These findings indicate that altered receptor usage can be conferred by small changes in env and may point to a key region for receptor interaction. Further, they demonstrate the evolutionary potential of retroviral env genes to alter receptor usage in response to appropriate selective pressure.
Abstract 3647: Targeting cancer-induced anemia with hepcidin lowering ALK2 inhibitors (2015)

Abstract Anemia of cancer (AOC) is a cytokine driven condition that frequently occurs in patients due to chronic inflammation associated with cancer development. It differs from chemotherapy-induced anemia because the anemia is a result of the disease itself and not a side effect of a treatment regimen, although the both causes can work in concert. AOC is caused by high levels of the liver peptide hormone, hepcidin, which sequesters iron in epithelial cells and macrophages, thereby limiting bioavailable iron required for erythropoiesis. Reducing elevated hepcidin levels in cancer patients can reverse the hypoferremia and anemia seen in AOC. Hepcidin levels are controlled by inflammatory cytokines through pathways dependent on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). BMPs up-regulate hepcidin by activating the SMAD signaling pathway through the activin-like kinase receptor 2 (ALK2). Therefore, ALK2 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target to modulate hepcidin levels in cancer patients and treat their AOC. We have developed novel small molecule ALK2 inhibitors which have shown promising results in tissue culture models as well as a preclinical cancer model of AOC. The two most promising compounds downregulate hepcidin expression in BMP-induced cell culture studies at concentrations of 100 nM or lower. Importantly, this activity was observed at concentrations that exhibited little cytotoxicity suggesting the compounds have a clean selectivity profile. The two compounds have been tested in a TC-1 syngeneic mouse model of AOC where anemia is induced after tumor formation, in a manner similar to human cancer caused anemia. Treatment with the lead candidates reversed the induction of hepcidin expression and also decreased the symptoms of anemia as measured by serum iron and red blood cell levels. From these data, we have nominated a candidate to advance into IND-enabling studies that has favorable drug-like properties. We anticipate a clinical development strategy that focuses on AOC. Citation Format: Peter W. Peterson. Targeting cancer-induced anemia with hepcidin lowering ALK2 inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3647. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3647
Filtering of harmonic currents and damping of resonances in power systems with a hybrid-active filter (2002)

A novel hybrid-active filter topology to minimize electric utility current harmonics at high power levels is presented in this paper. The proposed topology combines both passive and active filters to obtain the lowest power converter VA rating as compared to the power converter rating in the active filter and the series-active hybrid filter configurations. This is demonstrated with experimental results from a laboratory model. Transient and steady state operation of the hybrid-active filter is also presented. The control of the proposed filter is extended to provide damping of resonances due to neighboring loads. Simulation results showing the effect of active damping are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Relighting of Facial Images. (2006)

We present a novel method to relight video sequences given known surface shape and illumination. The methodpreserves fine visual details. It requires single view video frames, approximate 3 0 shape and standard studio illumination only, making it applicable in studio production. The technique is demonstrated for relighting video sequences of faces.
A Precalculated Point Set for Caching Shading Information (2009)

In this short paper, we present a caching scheme for low-frequent shading information. The scheme consists of a precalculated, carefully constructed sparse set of points, the density of which adapts to local shading requirements, which we estimate by calculating the ambient occlusion. This fixed set of points is then used to store shading information. This shading information is calculated once, or updated prior to rendering each frame. Finally, during rendering, the shading information stored in the point set is used to estimate shading for any point in the scene using interpolation. We apply this scheme to render soft shadows and indirect lighting in a real-time ray traced game environment.