gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Reducing Hemolysis in an Axial-Flow Blood Pump (1995)

In an attempt to decrease hemolysis caused by an axial-flow blood pump, we studied whether specific speed (Ns) at a design point (determined by flow in m3/min, pump head in m, and pump speeds in rpm), should be kept within the existing engineering standard range (1000 < Ns < 2500) or whether pump speed should be reduced to a minimum (Ns < 1000). Four pumps (A: 14,000 rpm, B: 18,000 rpm, C: 22,000 rpm, and D: 26,000 rpm), each with an impeller 11.8 mm in diameter, were designed to accommodate a flow rate of 5 L/min and a pressure head of 100 mmHg. At this design point, the Ns of each pump was calculated as A:758, B:974, C:1191, and D:1407. Pump performance was observed, and the total efficiency of each pump was calculated. The hemolysis index (HI) was calculated after simultaneous testing in duplicate of all four pumps using fresh goat blood (anticoagulated with citrate-dextrose solution) in a closed mock-loop circuit. Total efficiency of each pump was calculated as A:49%, B:50%, C:45%, and D:22%. In the first hemolytic test, HIs were measured as A:0.066, B:0.18, and C:0.13; a water seal failed in pump D. In the second test, HIs were B:0.077, C:0.0499, and D:0.12; a bearing failed in pump A. It is concluded that a lower level of hemolysis is associated with a pump speed in the minimum range at the design point, even though Ns is outside the standard range.
Low Density Lipoprotein as a Carrier of Cytostatics in Cancer Chemotherapy: Study of Stability of Drug-carrier Complexes in Blood (2000)

Several solid tumour and leukemia cell types have a higher low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake than the corresponding normal cells. We are investigating the possibilities to use LDL as a drug carrier to increase the selectivity of antineoplastic drugs in cancer chemotherapy. We have developed a method to incorporate lipophilic cytotoxic agents without interfering with the in vitro and in vivo properties of LDL. In this study, we examined the stability of some drug-LDL complexes in blood and plasma as this is an important prerequisite to achieve a selective therapy. The in vitro dialysis of N-trifluoroacetyl-adriamycin-14-valerat-LDL (AD-32-LDL) against plasma revealed a slow dissociation of the complex. The same method showed a fast and total leakage of paclitaxel from paclitaxel-LDL into the plasma chamber. The dissociation of paclitaxel was confirmed by an autoradiographic study of the distribution of paclitaxel-LDL in tumour-bearing mice. In patients with leukemia the rapid plasma dissociation of AD-32 from LDL illustrated a much higher in vivo instability of this complex. With this method, cholesteryl-linoleate only could be incorporated into LDL in a stable manner as shown by dialysis and autoradiography results. The incorporation of cytotoxic drug derivatives, containing lipophilic anchors, is now under study in order to obtain LDL complexes with better plasma stability.
An exploration of L2 cache covert channels in virtualized environments (2011)

Recent exploration into the unique security challenges of cloud computing have shown that when virtual machines belonging to different customers share the same physical machine, new forms of cross-VM covert channel communication arise. In this paper, we explore one of these threats, L2 cache covert channels, and demonstrate the limits of these this threat by providing a quantification of the channel bit rates and an assessment of its ability to do harm. Through progressively refining models of cross-VM covert channels from the derived maximums, to implementable channels in the lab, and finally in Amazon EC2 itself we show how a variety of factors impact our ability to create effective channels. While we demonstrate a covert channel with considerably higher bit rate than previously reported, we assess that even at such improved rates, the harm of data exfiltration from these channels is still limited to the sharing of small, if important, secrets such as private keys.
The PI3K/Akt Pathway Mediates the Neuroprotective Effect of Atorvastatin in Extending Thrombolytic Therapy After Embolic Stroke in the Rat (2007)

Activation of Akt and downregulation of cerebral endothelial Egr-1 and VEGF gene expression by atorvastatin contribute to the neuroprotective effect of combination treatment with atorvastatin and tPA.
Predicting head pose from speech (2018)

Speech animation, the process of animating a human-like model to give the impression it is talking, most commonly relies on the work of skilled animators, or performance capture. These approaches are time consuming, expensive, and lack the ability to scale. This thesis develops algorithms for content driven speech animation; models that learn visual actions from data without semantic labelling, to predict realistic speech animation from recorded audio.\nWe achieve these goals by _rst forming a multi-modal corpus that represents the style of speech we want to model; speech that is natural, expressive and prosodic. This allows us to train deep recurrent neural networks to predict compelling animation.\nWe _rst develop methods to predict the rigid head pose of a speaker. Predicting the head pose of a speaker from speech is not wholly deterministic, so our methods provide a large variety of plausible head pose trajectories from a single utterance. We then apply our methods to learn how to predict the head pose of the listener while in conversation, using only the voice of the speaker. Finally, we show how to predict the lip sync, facial expression, and rigid head pose of the speaker, simultaneously, solely from speech\n
RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION IN CHINA, 1950–1982: ESTIMATES AND ANALYSIS (1988)

The objectives of this study are to construct a series of annual net rural-urban migration estimates for post-1949 China and to examine the temporal patterns of rural-urban migration and urbanization and their relationship with economic growth. The paper begins with a review of the problems in previous estimations of China's net rural-urban migration. By tackling the various problems identified, a set of reasonably accurate migration estimates is presented. The trends and special features of rural-urban migration in post-1949 China are then examined. It is shown that the volume of net rural-urban migration since 1949, accounting for about half the urban population increase, is by no means small and is certainly more than was previously realized. The tremendous variation in migration rates reflects the heavy interventionist role of the government in this area. The periods of high net migration generally coincide with the periods of better economic performance. It is argued that the temporal patterns of migration and urbanization have been shaped mainly by the economic development strategy pursued by China. Finally, the current trend of rural-urban migration is examined.
A Minimally Invasive and Simple Screening Test for Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using Biomarkers in Duodenal Juice (2013)

Duodenal juice collection during routine upper endoscopy and assessments of CEA and S100P in DJ might become a useful screening test for detection of PDAC.
Sensor Aggregation and Integration in Healthcare Location Based Services (2006)

Complex and dynamic working environments such as health care facilities consist of staff, patients and equipment constantly moving in response to changing medical requirements. Knowing the current location of people and equipment is essential for the smooth running of a facility, yet creating a global view through tracking is a challenging task. It is clear that many common hospital situations can be improved with real-time access to the various actors' location information. One of the main problems with implementing such services is that current location based applications tend to be proprietary and the data generated closed. The realisation of ubiquitous location based services demands the exploration of hybrid models and methods that can utilise existing and subsequent infrastructures in novel and complimentary ways. We describe a number of hospital scenarios that use location-based services and make available all the location data gathered. We propose that by aggregating location data by a range of acquisition methods it is possible to improve the performance of location applications and readily adapt to the introduction of new location detection technologies
An Immunization Against Alzheimer's? (1999)

Immunization, once largely limited to fighting infectious diseases, is finding surprising new targets. Researchers have recently learned that some cancers can be eliminated by cranking up the immune system with vaccines, and now, new findings raise a startling possibility: someday immunizing people to prevent or even reverse the mental devastation of Alzheimer's disease.
Evidence that antipsychotic drugs are inverse agonists at D<sub>2</sub> dopamine receptors (1997)

1. The effects of a number of D2-like dopamine receptor antagonists have been determined on forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the human D2short dopamine receptor (CHO-D2S cells). 2. Dopamine inhibited the effect of forskolin (as expected for a D2 receptor). However, all of the antagonists tested, apart from UH232 and (-)-butaclamol, were able to increase cyclic AMP accumulation above the forskolin control level. (+)-Butaclamol elicited a similar stimulation of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in a CHO cell line expressing human D2long dopamine receptors whereas it exhibited no stimulating effect on forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in untransfected CHO-K1 cells. 3. There was a strong correlation between the EC50 values of these compounds for potentiation of cyclic AMP accumulation and their Ki values from radioligand binding experiments in CHO-D2S cells. 4. The effects of both (+)-butaclamol and dopamine in CHO-D2S cells were inhibited by pre-treatment with pertussis toxin indicating a role for Gi/Go proteins. 5. UH232 did not significantly affect forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation but this substance was able to inhibit the effects of both dopamine and (+)-butaclamol in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus the effects of (+)-butaclamol on forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation are mediated directly via the D2 receptor rather than by reversal of the effects of an endogenous agonist. 6. These data suggest that the D2 dopamine receptor antagonists tested here, many of which are used clinically as antipsychotic drugs, are in fact inverse agonists at human D2 dopamine receptors.
Assembling an arsenal, the scorpion way (2008)

We thus propose that scorpion toxin genes were shaped by selective forces acting at three levels, namely (1) diversifying the mature toxin, (2) conserving the leader peptide amino acid sequence and intriguingly, (3) conserving the leader DNA sequences.
Boundary conditions at a rigid wall for rough granular gases (2011)

We derive boundary conditions at a rigid wall for a granular material comprising rough, inelastic particles. Our analysis is confined to the rapid flow, or granular gas, regime in which grains interact by impulsive collisions. We use the Chapman–Enskog expansion in the kinetic theory of dense gases, extended for inelastic and rough particles, to determine the relevant fluxes to the wall. As in previous studies, we assume that the particles are spheres, and that the wall is corrugated by hemispheres rigidly attached to it. Collisions between the particles and the wall hemispheres are characterized by coefficients of restitution and roughness. We derive boundary conditions for the two limiting cases of nearly smooth and nearly perfectly rough spheres, as a hydrodynamic description of granular gases comprising rough spheres is appropriate only in these limits. The results are illustrated by applying the equations of motion and boundary conditions to the problem of plane Couette flow.
A Model for Cyber Attack Risks in Telemetry Networks (2015)

ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV
A synthetic peptide spontaneously self-assembles to reconstruct a group-specific, conformational determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen (1992)

A cysteine-rich peptide of sequence 124 to 147 of the major protein of hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) was synthesized. On cleavage and subsequent work-up it was found that all of the cysteine sulfhydryl groups had spontaneously formed disulfide bonds to yield a heterogenous mixture of multiple forms with molecular masses ranging from 8 to 35 kDa (peptide OS[124-147]). In a direct ELISA peptide OS[124-147] showed a high degree of cross-reactivity with polyclonal anti-HBsAg antiserum whereas the HBsAg-related antigenicity of its disulfide-reduced analogs was insignificant. Peptide OS[124-147] was also recognized by all 15 of the anti-HBsAg-positive human sera tested. Further studies revealed that peptide OS[124-147] represents the conformational, disulfide-dependent "a" determinant of HBsAg and elicits antibodies that cross-react with a variety of HBsAg subtypes. Anti-peptide antibodies bound to the corresponding native epitope with an apparent affinity higher than that of homologous antisera. Finally, polyclonal anti-OS[124-147] antibodies could also immunoprecipitate purified Dane particles in solution. Together these studies indicate that peptide OS[124-147] represents an excellent candidate component of a peptide-based vaccine for hepatitis B.
On the Properties of Polarization Elements as Used in Optical Instruments I Fundamental Considerations* (1951)

This paper discusses some of the general considerations relating to the use in optical instruments of polarization elements, with particular emphasis being given to partial polarizers of the dichroic type. A functional classification is provided for optical instruments which employ polarized light. Also provided is a functional classification for polarization elements, which classification involves four categories: polarizers, phase shifters, polarizing beam splitters, and depolarizers. The various methods of modulating light are discussed. A qualitative description of partial dichroic polarizers is included, and this is followed by the derivation of some of the basic mathematical relations which hold among the parameters which can be used to describe quantitatively the properties of partial dichroic polarizers.
Complementary medicines for the digestive system (2013)

In complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) there is considerable focus on the role that the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota (also known as 'gut flora'), play in digestive function and overall wellbeing. The human GIT is home to around one hundred trillion microbes from over 1,000 different species.
Room temperature single-mode terahertz sources based on intracavity difference-frequency generation in quantum cascade lasers (2011)

We demonstrate room temperature single-mode THz emission at 4 THz based on intracavity difference-frequency generation from mid-infrared dual-wavelength quantum cascade lasers. An integrated dual-period distributed feedback grating is defined on the cap layer to purify both mid-infrared pumping wavelengths and in turn the THz spectra. Single mode operation of the pumping wavelengths results in a single-mode THz operation with a narrow linewidth of 6.6 GHz. A maximum THz power of 8.5 μW with a power conversion efficiency of 10 μW/W2 is obtained at room temperature.
Optimizing the accuracy of a helical diode array dosimeter: A comprehensive calibration methodology coupled with a novel virtual inclinometer (2011)

Introduction of the improved calibration methodology, enabled by a robust virtual inclinometer algorithm, improves the accuracy of the dosimeter's absolute dose measurements. With our treatment planning and delivery chain, gamma analysis passing rates for the VMAT plans based on the AAPM TG-119 report are expected to be above 91% and average at about 95% level for γ(3%/3 mm) with the local dose-error normalization. This stringent comparison methodology is more indicative of the true VMAT system commissioning accuracy compared to the often quoted dose-error normalization to a single high value.
Electron acceleration by kinetic Alfvén waves (1994)

As Alfvén waves with finite extent perpendicular to the magnetic field propagate from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere, there is a region of parallel electric field in the “wave front” of the propagating wave. For short perpendicular wavelengths this parallel electric field can be large enough to accelerate electrons to auroral energies. This problem is solved for the case of uniform plasma density and background magnetic field. The parallel electric field solution is then applied to a background Maxwellian plasma to study the effects of the acceleration due to this field on the electron distribution function. Two effects are found: (1) the relatively modest acceleration of the bulk of the background electrons and (2) Fermi‐like resonant acceleration of a small component of the electrons up to velocities of the order of twice the Alfvén speed. Although both effects always occur, the response of the background electrons is a sensitive function of the magnitude, wavelength, and timescale associated with the driving perpendicular electric field. In particular, the latter effect does not produce a significant signature for all conditions. However, for reasonable values of perpendicular electric field magnitude and scale size, and plasma parameters appropriate for auroral field lines at altitudes around 7000 km near where the Alfvén speed peaks, the effect can be significant.
Applications of the Turnstile Junction (1955)

The Turnstile Junction is a six-terminal pair microwave network, consisting of four coplanar rectangular arms and a circular arm, orthogonal to the rectangular arms, which is excited in two orthogonal TE 1, 1, modes. The characteristics of the network are such that they lend themselves to some very important and unique applications in the microwave field. Making use of the symmetry conditions and the field division properties of the Junction, this paper describes the operation of the Junction under various conditions, with particular emphasis on the applications to which these characteristics lend themselves.
ChemInform Abstract: A Series of Penicillin‐Derived C2‐Symmetric Inhibitors of HIV‐1 Proteinase: Synthesis, Mode of Interaction, and Structure‐Activity Relationships. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Investigating optimal local memory performance (1998)

Recent work has demonstrated that, cache space is often poorly utilized. However, no previous work has yet demonstrated upper bounds on what a cache or local memory could achieve when exploiting both spatial and temporal locality. Belady's MIN algorithm does yield an upper bound, but exploits only temporal locality. In this article, we present an optimal replacement algorithm for local memory that exploits temporal locality and spatial locality simultaneously. This algorithm is an extension of Belady's algorithm. We prove the optimality of this new algorithm with respect to minimizing misses, and we show experimentally that the algorithm produces nearly minimum memory traffic on the SPEC95 benchmarks. Like Belady's algorithm, our algorithm requires the entire program trace. It selects replacement victims and the number of words it fetches at once based on future accesses. Many different spatial locality strategies can be implemented with this algorithm. With an optimal strategy, the algorithm yields an upper bound that enables us to evaluate alternative implementations to today's caches. We further demonstrate the utility of this algorithm as an analysis tool by evaluating several intermediate strategies between cache and optimal to highlight the limitations of the cache line paradigm using the SPEC95 benchmarks.
Vibrational characteristics of harp soundboards (2008)

Harps exist in different forms, from large factory-made concert harps to small hand-made folk harps. This variety presents both a challenge and an opportunity for acousticians. The musical quality of a harp depends on many factors, but key among these is the soundboard. This work sets out to define some general desirable qualities of a harp soundboard. First, in order to understand the relationship between the vibrational behavior of a bare soundboard and that of a completed instrument, a 36-string harp was built from scratch. Measurements were made at each stage of construction, and the results showed how the bare soundboard properties affect those of the finished harp. Second, the soundboards of several harps of different sizes were assessed by measuring the admittances along the string bar. These data showed that one relationship crucial to the quality of the soundboard is that between the modal shapes and modal frequencies of the soundboard, and the position and fundamental frequencies of the strings attached to it. A general statement is made about this relationship, one which should be of use to harp makers.
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Caution Still Indicated (1984)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have become a major component of modern clinical therapeutics. These drugs are popular because of their effectiveness in a wide range of disorders commonly encountered in medical practice, including arthritis, tendonitis, orthopedic injuries, and even dysmenorrhea. While nephrologists would not debate that NSAIDs are clinically effective, the widespread use of these agents has resulted in a growing recognition that the drugs are capable of causing acute deterioration in renal function. Many nephrologists report that NSAIDs now rank behind only aminoglycosides as a cause of nephrotoxic acute renal failure (ARF) in their practices. Exact incidence data are not yet available; it is this important and pertinent issue that Fox and Jick<sup>1</sup>address in the current article on NSAIDs and renal failure. Of the several adverse effects these agents may have on renal function, two are most commonly recognized. The first is a reversible decrement in renal
Anti-inflammatory effect of phosphodiesterase selective inhibitor PicIamilast (2011)

Objective To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect and the intensity of phosphodiesterase(PDE4) selective inhibitor PicIamilast on inflammation in mice.Methods We used carrageenin to induce the accumulation of neutral granular cells in abdominal cavity of mice as well as toe swelling models of mice,observed white blood cell count in fluid for peritoneal lavage,quantity of neutrophils,as well as the degree of toe swelling to appraise the anti-inflammatory effect of medicine.Results Compared with normal mice,white blood cells,neutrophils and toe weight in peritoneal inflammation models group and toe swelling model group significantly increased.There was a dose dependent relationship between PicIamilast and inflammatory response in mice.Conclusions The new PDF4 selective inhibitor,PicIamilast,has inhibition and therapeutic effect of inflammatory response,which has further development value.