gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualization of the improvement of myocardial perfusion after coronary intervention using motorized fractional flow reserve pullback curve (2016)

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and utility of using motorized pullback of the pressure guidewire to provide a graphic assessment and prediction of the benefits of coronary intervention. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements were performed with motorized pullback imaging in 20 patients who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the left anterior descending artery. Physiological lesion length (PLL) was calculated using frame counts to determine stent length. FFR area was calculated by integrating the FFR values recorded during pullback tracing (FFRarea). The percentage increase in FFR area (%FFRarea) was defined as the ratio of the difference between the pre- and post-intervention FFRarea to the total frame count. The average FFR values were enhanced following PCI, from 0.64 to 0.82, and the median value of the difference between pre- and post-interventional FFR values (D-FFR) and %FFRarea were 0.13 and 10.6%, respectively. The %FFRarea demonstrated a significant positive correlation with D-FFR (R <sup>2</sup>, 0.61; p < 0.01). PLL tended to be longer and the %FFRarea was smaller in lesions with a gradual pressure-drop pattern than those with an abrupt pressure-drop pattern (35.37 vs. 20.40 mm, p = 0.07; 5.78 vs. 16.21%, p < 0.05, respectively). Motorized pullback tracing was able to identify the extent and location of stenosis and help in appropriate stent implantation, in addition to visualizing and quantifying the improvement in FFR following PCI.
Quantifying load imbalance: A practical implementation for data collection in low power lossy networks (2013)

In many-to-one or many-to-few traffic scenarios, It is inevitable that `hot spots¿ will occur where traffic from a number of sources gets accumulated. While these hot spots can not be avoided, they can be mitigated by means of distributing the traffic across forwarders with load balancing techniques. In this paper, we define a load imbalance metric, which is applicable to any tree/hierarchy based data collection and/or dissemination.We show how current load balancing techniques existing in wireless sensor networks literature can not be applied to large scale Low Power Lossy Networks (LLNs) and the Internet of Things (IoT). We thus propose a greedy algorithm, that requires only partial topology knowledge, and works with the IETF standardized Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL), without adding extra control overhead. By not requiring full topology information or all link states, this approach can work in highly varying link condition and large scale deployments. We also provide worst case run-time complexity of our heuristic and simulation results on realistic topology and traffic profiles to establish the validity of our approach.
A novel region-based image retrieval method using relevance feedback (2001)

Content-based image retrieval using region segmentation has been an active research area in the past few years. Constrasting to traditional approaches, which compute only global features of images, the region-based methods extract features of the segmented regions and perform similarity comparisons at the granularity of region. In this paper, we propose a novel region-based retrieval method, Self-Learned Region Importance (SLRI). In this method, image similarity measure is based on the region importance learned from users' feedback. The region importance that coincides that human perception con not only be used in a query session, but also be memorized and cumulated for future queries. Experimental results on a database of about 8,600 general-purposed images show the effectiveness of our method using relevance feedback.
An efficient multi-channel management protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks (2009)

As a successor of WPAN(Wireless Personal Area Network) technique for the personal wireless communication, WBAN(Wireless Body Area Network) technique with the restricted application range of 3m of the body area, is being noticed lately. WBAN technique is divided as medical or non-medical according to the use. WBAN has to consider not only 2.4GHz ISM band but also 400MHz frequency band for MICS (Medical Implanted Communication Service) because medical field is being studied as a representative application of WBAN. MICS operates in the band 402 – 405 MHz, which is a part of the spectrum that has characteristics favourable to the transmission of radio signals into the human body. This includes LBT protocol devised for reducing probability of potential interference between MICS systems or between MICS system and primary system(METAIDS). LBT is able to decrease the probability of interference between MICS systems. However LBT is not suitable for non-collision and emergency communication because it is not able to guarantee a reliable link. In this paper, we propose an efficient way of multi-channel management which reserves the channel by one-to-one mapping between the beacon slot and the data channel. And the channel aggregation makes a single wide channel and satisfies various traffic types. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme significantly improves the throughput and the channel efficiency.
Computational disclosure control: a primer on data privacy protection (2001)

Today&apos;s globally networked society places great demand on the dissemination and sharing of person-specific data for many new and exciting uses. Even situations where aggregate statistical information was once the reporting norm now rely heavily on the transfer of microscopically detailed transaction and encounter information. This happens at a time when more and more historically public information is also electronically available. When these data are linked together, they provide an electronic shadow of a person or organization that is as identifying and personal as a fingerprint even when the information contains no explicit identifiers, such as name and phone number. Other distinctive data, such as birth date and ZIP code, often combine uniquely and can be linked to publicly available information to re-identify individuals. Producing anonymous data that remains specific enough to be useful is often a very difficult task and practice today tends to either incorrectly believe confidentiality is maintained when it is not or produces data that are practically useless. The goal of the work presented in this book is to explore computational techniques for releasing useful information in such a way that the identity of any individual or entity contained in data cannot be recognized while the data remain practically useful. I begin by demonstrating ways to learn information about entities from publicly available information. I then provide a formal framework for reasoning about disclosure control and the ability to infer the identities of entities contained within the data. I formally define and present null-map, k-map and wrong-map as models of protection. Each model provides protection by ensuring that released information maps to no, k or incorrect entities, respectively. The book ends by examining four computational systems that attempt to maintain privacy while releasing electronic information. These systems are: (1) my Scrub System, which locates personally-identifying information in letters between doctors and notes written by clinicians; (2) my Datafly II System, which generalizes and suppresses values in field-structured data sets; (3) Statistics Netherlands&apos; m-Argus System, which is becoming a European standard for producing public-use data; and, (4) my k-Similar algorithm, which finds optimal solutions such that data are minimally distorted while still providing adequate protection. By introducing anonymity and quality metrics, I show that Datafly II can overprotect data, Scrub and m-Argus can fail to provide adequate protection, but k-similar finds optimal results.
Multi-time-step explicit-implicit method for non-linear structural dynamics (2000)

We present a method with domain decomposition to solve time-dependent non-linear problems. This method enables arbitrary numeric schemes of the Newmark family to be coupled with different time steps in each subdomain: this coupling is achieved by prescribing continuity of velocities at the interface. We are more specifically interested in the coupling of implicit/explicit numeric schemes taking into account material and geometric non-linearities. The interfaces are modelled using a dual Schur formulation where the Lagrange multipliers represent the interfacial forces. Unlike the continuous formulation, the discretized formulation of the dynamic problem is unable to verify simultaneously the continuity of displacements, velocities and accelerations at the interfaces. We show that, within the framework of the Newmark family of numeric schemes, continuity of velocities at the interfaces enables the definition of an algorithm which is stable for all cases envisaged. To prove this stability, we use an energy method, i.e. a global method over the whole time interval, in order to verify the algorithms properties. Then, we propose to extend this to non-linear situations in the following cases: implicit linear/explicit non-linear, explicit non-linear/explicit non-linear and implicit non-linear/explicit non-linear. Finally, we present some examples showing the feasibility of the method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Justice Breyer's Bicycle and the Ignored Elephant of Patent Exhaustion: An Avoidable Collision in Quanta v. LGE, 7 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 245 (2008) (2008)

The Supreme Court held in United States v. Univis Lens Co. that the authorized disposition of an article embodying the essential features of a patent claim exhausts that claim. The Federal Circuit’s LGE v. Bizcom decision, currently under review by the Supreme Court in Quanta v. LGE, improperly held that patent exhaustion could be disclaimed by contract. Patent exhaustion is a limitation on statutory rights which cannot be expanded by contract. Moreover, Quanta v. LGE is governed by the contributory infringement statute. Contributory infringement and exhaustion are opposite ends of the same principle in the Quanta v. LGE factual scenario. The statute provides a right to recovery for a component embodying the essential features of a system or method patent and exhaustion precludes a further recovery for the same invention. Reversal in Quanta v. LGE is compelled on its specific facts, but there is no basis for a broad holding which would govern the disposition of components which do not contributorily infringe or which are separately and distinctively patented and not otherwise licensed.
JavaProtein Dossier: a novel web-based data visualization tool for comprehensive analysis of protein structure (2004)

JavaProtein Dossier ((J)PD) is a new concept, database and visualization tool providing one of the largest collections of the physicochemical parameters describing proteins' structure, stability, function and interaction with other macromolecules. By collecting as many descriptors/parameters as possible within a single database, we can achieve a better use of the available data and information. Furthermore, data grouping allows us to generate different parameters with the potential to provide new insights into the sequence-structure-function relationship. In (J)PD, residue selection can be performed according to multiple criteria. (J)PD can simultaneously display and analyze all the physicochemical parameters of any pair of structures, using precalculated structural alignments, allowing direct parameter comparison at corresponding amino acid positions among homologous structures. In order to focus on the physicochemical (and consequently pharmacological) profile of proteins, visualization tools (showing the structure and structural parameters) also had to be optimized. Our response to this challenge was the use of Java technology with its exceptional level of interactivity. (J)PD is freely accessible (within the Gold Sting Suite) at http://sms.cbi.cnptia.embrapa.br, http://mirrors.rcsb.org/SMS, http://trantor.bioc.columbia.edu/SMS and http://www.es.embnet.org/SMS/ (Option: (Java)Protein Dossier).
A Procedure Using Manufacturing Variance to Design Gears With Minimum Transmission Error (1991)

This paper deals with the design of spur gears that have minimum transmission error and are insensitive to manufacturing variance. We address two stages of design: (1) generation of candidate designs (selection of number of teeth, pressure angle, etc.), and (2) tooth profile modification. The first stage involves a search of discrete combinations of design variables, while the second stage utilizes numerical optimization techniques. The key research issue is finding a candidate design and its profile modification that not only has low transmission error, but is insensitive to variations in the design values caused by the manufacturing process. To achieve this goal, the procedure applies Taguchi’s concept of parameter design. In this paper, we consider a design problem with a set specification: fixed center distance, speed ratio, and transmission torque. We seek to find a limited number of candidate designs by applying conventional design generation techniques and some design heuristics. For each candidate design, the procedure determines the optimum profile modification (linear tip relief) by linking the Load Distribution Program (LDP) for gears with an optimization program package (OPTPAK). From the resulting peak optimum, we further seek the statistical optimum using an algorithm developed in this paper. The statistical optimum shows a nominal increase in the transmission error, but is quite insensitive to typical process error associated with gear manufacturing. The developed algorithm readily applies to other gear designs as well as other types of machine elements. In particular, we foresee our procedure to be particularly effective for helical gears. We hope to further our method by developing a means to add statistical heuristics to the discrete design generation stage.
Radiographic and Histologic Assessment of Calcium Sulfate in Experimental Animal Models and Clinical Use as a Resorbable Bone-Graft Substitute, a Bone-Graft Expander, and a Method for Local Antibiotic Delivery (2001)

Turner, Thomas M. DVM; Urban, Robert M.; Gitelis, Steven MD; Kuo, Ken N. MD; Andersson, Gunnar B.J. MD Author Information
Zur Kenntnis der sogenannten «Alkalicarbonyle» IV [1]. Über die Reaktion von geschmolzenem Kalium mit Kohlenmonoxid (1964)

Abstract The reaction between molten potassium and carbon monoxide (without solvent) has been studied. The reaction products obtained have been shown to be a mixture of potassium acetylenediolate, an organometallic compound, and the potassium salt of hexahydroxybenzene, the relative amounts of which vary with temperature. At reaction temperatures near the melting point of potassium (62,3°), potassium acetylenediolate and the organometallic compound are the major products, whereas at temperatures higher than 180° the potassium salt of hexahydroxybenzene predominates.
Micro-Doppler signatures for intelligent human gait recognition using a UWB impulse radar (2011)

A UWB impulse Doppler radar has been developed recently to detect the micro-Doppler signatures of human motions. The system RF front-end, wideband antenna array and high speed data acquisition module are introduced in details. The developed radar is used to detect the Doppler features of arms swing, which has unique characteristics compared to movements of other body components, for intelligent human gait recognition. Several experiments, including human marching and walking, with either one-arm or two-arm swings, have been performed. Promising experimental results have been achieved from both high resolution range profiles and Doppler spectrogram. The developed radar is also capable of detecting vibrations of respiration and heartbeat for stationary human targets buried in collapse for search and rescue operations.
The Impacts of Emoticons on Message Interpretation in Computer-Mediated Communication (2001)

Emoticons are graphic representations of facial expressions that many e-mail users embed in their messages. These symbols are widely known and commonly recognized among computer-mediated communication (CMC) users, and they are described by most observers as substituting for the nonverbal cues that are missing from CMC in comparison to face-to-face communication. Their empirical impacts, however, are undocumented. An experiment sought to determine the effects of three common emoticons on message interpretations. Hypotheses drawn from literature on nonverbal communication reflect several plausible relationships between emoticons and verbal messages. The results indicate that emoticons’ contributions were outweighed by verbal content, but a negativity effect appeared such that any negative message aspect—verbal or graphic—shifts message interpretation in the direction of the negative element.
Activation of the double‐stranded RNA‐dependent eIF‐2α kinase by cellular RNA from 3T3‐F442A cells (1991)

The interferon induced double-stranded-RNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase has an established role in mediating part of interferons anti-viral effects. Several studies have suggested that it may have additional functions in cells not infected with virus. The mechanism of activation of the kinase and the consequences of its activity in uninfected cells remain to be determined. Our previous results have indicated that the activation (phosphorylation) of this kinase may be an important regulatory signal to the arrest of growth of mouse 3T3-F442A fibroblasts and their subsequent differentiation to adipocytes. We have found that the phosphorylation of the kinase occurred in vivo in the absence of viral infection and in vitro without the addition of dsRNA. We demonstrate here that total cytoplasmic RNA from 3T3-F442A cells contains a regulatory RNA(s) capable of activating dsRNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase. Fractionation of the cytoplasmic RNA by oligo(dT)-cellulose indicated that the regulatory RNA eluted with the poly(A)-rich RNA fraction. It bound tightly to the dsRNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase and was immune-precipitated with its antibodies as a complex of regulatory RNA and dsRNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase. The regulatory RNA activity was further purified by phenol extraction of immune precipitates containing this complex. These findings indicated that the regulatory RNA forms a specific complex with the dsRNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase. The activity of the regulatory RNA was sensitive to the dsRNA-specific RNase VI but not to proteinase K, DNase I or ssRNA-specific RNase T1. The activation of the dsRNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase by regulatory RNA was prevented by addition of a high concentration of poly(I).poly(C). The regulatory RNA was also shown to activate partially purified dsRNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase prepared from rabbit reticulocyte lysates and to inhibit protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates. Our findings, that cellular RNAs can specifically activate the dsRNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase, are consistent with a physiological role for the dsRNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase and interferon during cell growth and differentiation. The relationship of the regulatory RNA activity to growth and differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells is discussed.
Dual parallel modulation schemes for low-distortion analog optical transmission (1990)

The use of two integrated-optical modulators operated in parallel to attain low-distortion analog optical transmission is examined. This static feedforward approach achieves significantly improved linearity at the expense of small increases in the required optical power and moderate increases in the required drive voltage. A novel variation that uses the unique characteristics of an integrated-optical modulator to correct the dominant quadratic distortion of a directly modulated laser is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactivation of Antigen‐Induced Arthritis in Mice by Oral Administration of Lipopolysaccharide (2005)

We examined whether oral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli reactivated antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in mice that is one of models of human rheumatoid arthritis. To induce AIA, mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin (OVA) emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant into the base of the tail (day 0) followed by intraarticular injection of OVA on day 21. To investigate the ability of LPS to reactivate AIA, varying doses of LPS were p.o. administered 48 h after the challenge injection. The results showed that administration of LPS was followed by reactivation of AIA in a dose-related fashion. The reactivation of AIA by LPS was associated with increases in interferon-gamma, interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Polymyxin B sulfate given immediately before administration of LPS suppressed the reactivation of AIA. These findings suggest that LPS from intestinal bacteria may play a role in the reactivation of joint inflammation in which immune responses to pathogenic antigens are involved.
Effects of amplifier imperfections in a particular RC-active circuit (1967)

The performance of a particular RC-active circuit, using a modified parallel T with unity-gain amplifier, is analysed on the assumption that the amplifier is ideal. Approximate expressions are then derived which enable the effects of finite input impedance, nonzero output impedance and nonzero source impedance to be calculated. It is shown that some of these effects can be reduced in magnitude by the use of an infinite-gain, instead of a unity-gain, amplifier, and that a further improvement is possible by using the two types of amplifier together in one circuit. The analysis is extended to cover these two arrangements.
Mathematical Models of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Storage and Transport: The Acid-Base Chemistry of Blood (2005)

This article describes a mathematical model of the acid-base chemistry of blood. The model is formulated from first principles by considering the "components" of blood and the reaction equations in the plasma and erythrocyte fractions. Equations are formulated to describe the total concentration of blood components, the physicochemical properties, and the equilibrium position of reactions. The model includes 28 equations and 12 parameters. All equations can be solved from six variables included in the model. The model uses simple mathematics, without introducing intermediate concepts or linear coefficients necessary for algebraic solution. Model equations are solved simultaneously using numerical methods. Model parameters are estimated and the model verified for plasma, fully oxygenated blood, and deoxygenated blood. Published data are used to estimate model parameters and normal conditions and to verify model simulations. The model reproduces experimental results, including addition or removal of CO2, or strong acid to plasma; CO2, strong acid or haemoglobin to blood; and the effects of deoxygenating blood. The model can also be used as the basis for models of whole body CO2 transport as illustrated in the accompanying article. As such, it is possible to simulate the effects on blood of physiological changes in ventilation or metabolism.
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Paramyxoviridae (2019)

The family <i>Paramyxoviridae</i> consists of large enveloped RNA viruses infecting mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. Many paramyxoviruses are host-specific and several, such as measles virus, mumps virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus and several parainfluenza viruses, are pathogenic for humans. The transmission of paramyxoviruses is horizontal, mainly through airborne routes; no vectors are known. This is a summary of the current International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family <i>Paramyxoviridae</i>. which is available at ictv.global/report/paramyxoviridae.