gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and characterization of rare-earth monosulfides for cold cathode applications (2001)

We report the successful growth of bulk cubic lanthanum sulfide (LaS) and neodymium sulfide (NdS). Powder x-ray diffraction scans of the samples show the rocksalt phase with a lattice constant a0=5.857(2) Å and 5.694(2) Å for LaS and NdS, respectively. In Raman scattering, one observes the vibrational density of states (cubic symmetry) and identifies the longitudinal optical and transverse acoustic phonons at 261(284) and 100(92) cm−1 with LaS(NdS), respectively. These rare-earth monosulfides offer attractive alternatives to the commonly used cesiated surfaces to reach negative electron affinity at various III–V semiconductor surfaces.
Politics, Insurance Regulation, and Unfunded Pension Liabilities (2000)

ABSTRACT: Insurance regulators operate in an environment in which resources are scarce and issues are most often complex and not salient to affected persons. Consequently, regulatory agencies, such as the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), need to use resources efficiently by making issues salient and not complex if regulatory goals are to be attained. To further its goal of full funding of defined benefit pension plans, the PBGC annually published a list of the Top Fifty Companies With the Largest Underfunded Pension Liability (LIST). This article investigates the issue of the economic effects of pension plan disclosure by measuring the share price response of the companies included on the LIST; then policy implications are drawn. The event study findings show that, on average, publication of the LIST did not have a negative effect on firm value. However, cross‐sectional analysis provides some support for the contention that publication of the LIST had an economic cost on LISTed firms. The authors' results show that the value of large firms on the PBGC's list is less negatively affected at arrival (ARRIVAL) than smaller LISTed firms. Conversely, when firms leave the list (DEPARTURE), the value of large growth‐oriented firms is more negatively affected than the value of other firms that reduce their unfunded pension liability. From a policy perspective, as hypothesized by Meier (1991), the PBGC used its scarce resources effectively by publishing the LIST. The issue of unfunded pension liability became less complex and more salient to interested parties. Consequently, consumer groups and political elites provided their support to further the regulatory agency's stated goal, which was the full funding of defined benefit pension plans. Furthermore, increased awareness of the underfunding problem contributed to the passage of the Retirement Protection Act of 1994.
Optical Aspects of Linear Fresnel Reflector Design (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. R. Mills, "Optical Aspects of Linear Fresnel Reflector Design," in Optics and Photonics for Advanced Energy Technology, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper WD6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Antigenic and Genetic Diversity among the Attachment Proteins of Group A Respiratory Syncytial Viruses That Have Caused Repeat Infections in Children (1998)

Antigenic differences between the two major groups of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus may contribute to reinfections with these viruses. Additional variability occurs within the two major groups; the importance of intra-group variability in reinfections with RS virus has not been defined. Two pairs of group A viruses that had caused sequential infections in children showed G protein amino acid differences of up to 15%. Vaccinia viruses were constructed that expressed the G proteins from 2 of the paired group A isolates. Immunization of cotton rats with the recombinant vaccinia viruses provided equal protection against intranasal challenge by either of the RS viruses. Despite the amino acid differences between the two group A RS virus G proteins, these animal studies did not reveal differences in protection after immunization with the two G proteins. Precise definition of the role of RS virus antigenic variability in the establishment of reinfections in humans will require further investigations in humans.
ChemInform Abstract: BASE‐BASE INTERACTION IN NUCLEIC ACIDS. X. FURTHER INVESTIGATION ON THE INFLUENCE OF 3,3′ AND 5,5′‐SUBSTITUTION ON SOLUTION PHASE PHOTODIMERIZATION OF 1,1′‐TRIMETHYLENEBIS(5‐ALKYL)URACILS (1976)

Abstract Aus dem Trimethylen‐bis‐[uracil] (Ia) (Ausbeute‐ Verbesserung auf 65%, ohne weitere Angaben der Darstellung) wurden die 3,3′‐ alkylierten Derivate (Ib) erhalten (Ausbeute 80 bzw. 74,5 bzw. 6 1%, ohne nähere Angaben) deren Photodimerisierung ausschließlich die cis‐syn‐Produkte (II) liefert.
Characterization of polymer monolithic stationary phases for capillary HPLC (2003)

Abstract Monolithic capillary columns have been prepared in fused‐silica capillaries by radical co‐polymerization of ethylene dimethacrylate and butyl methacrylate in the presence of porogen solvent mixtures containing various concentration ratios of 1‐propanol, 1,4‐butanediol, and water with azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator of the polymerization reaction. The through pores in organic polymer monolithic columns can be characterized by “equivalent permeability particle size”, and the mesopores with stagnant mobile phase by “equivalent dispersion particle size”. Increasing the concentration of propanol in the polymerization mixture diminishes the pore volume and size in the monolithic media and improves the column efficiency, at a cost of decreasing permeability. Organic polymer monolithic capillary columns show similar retention behaviour to packed alkyl silica columns for compounds with different polarities characterized by interaction indices, I x , but have different methylene selectivities. Higher concentrations of propanol in the polymerization mixture increase the lipophilic character of the monolithic stationary phases. Best efficiencies and separation selectivities were found for monolithic columns prepared using 62–64% propanol in the porogen solvent mixture. To allow accurate characterization of the properties of capillary monolithic columns, the experimental data should be corrected for extra‐column contributions.
Attitude Estimation for In-Service Base Station Antenna Using Downlink Channel Fading Statistics (2015)

A maximum-likelihood-estimation method is proposed for extracting the attitude of a sectoring base station (BS) antenna by using the received signal strengths observed by multiple user equipments (UEs) in this contribution. This method calculates the likelihood function of the antenna attitude derived by taking into account the multiscale fading statistics, that is, path loss, shadowing, and multipath fading. Depending on whether a calibration result of these fading statistics is available or not, the proposed method can be utilized in either calibration-based estimation (CBE) or calibration-free estimation (CFE) approaches. The performance of both methods is evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulations and real experiments. The results obtained demonstrate that the estimation accuracy of both CBE and CFE approaches increases when the percentage of UEs in the line-of-sight (LoS) condition among all available UEs increases and, moreover, the total number of UEs has no significant impact on the estimation accuracy. Furthermore, the CFE exhibits more robust performance than the CBE particularly in the case where the calibration results involve uncertainties.
A Classification of Facial Wri (2001)

An increasing number of injectable filler materials for facial wrinkles and folds points to the need for objective measurements of their effectiveness. Patient satisfaction is the goal, but proof of the value of a particular product requires objective measurement. A wrinkle assessment scale was developed as a simple tool for use by plastic surgeons, dermatologists, and aesthetic surgeons who want to assess the changes resulting from injecting filler materials in their patients. By correlating the grade of the wrinkle in the reference photographs with the wrinkle in a patient's face, a classification of 0 to 5 is assigned. Reliability of the scale was assessed by "live" judgment of 76 wrinkles by nine observers. The same rating was given to 92.7 percent of all wrinkles. In a second trial, photographs from 130 wrinkles were presented to eight observers who rated 89.4 percent of all wrinkles equally. A significant correlation of 87 percent was found between subjective ratings and objective wrinkle depth measured by profilometry on 40 silicone impressions. Manufacturers, monitors of clinical trials, health authorities, and most important, patients will benefit from objective data on current and new injectable materials. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 108: 1735, 2001.)
Separate Detection of BTX Mixture Gas by a Microfluidic Device Using a Function of Nanosized Pores of Mesoporous Silica Adsorbent (2002)

We achieved separate detection of the components of 10 ppm of a benzene, toluene, and o-xylene mixture gas by using mesoporous silica powder incorporated in our microfluidic device. The device consists of concentration and detection cells formed of 3 cm x 1 cm Pyrex plates. We first introduced the mixture gas into the concentration cell where it was adsorbed on an adsorbent in a channel formed in the cell. We then raised the temperature using a thin-film heater and introduced the desorbed gas into the detection cell. Here, we measured the changes in the absorption spectra of the mixture gas in the detection cell. We found that the mixture ratio of the compounds in the desorbed gas varies with time because the thermal desorption property of each compound is different from that of the adsorbent. We analyzed the thermal desorption mechanism by comparing two types of silica adsorbents with different pore structures. We found that an adsorbent that has pores with a periodic and uniform nanosized column shape provides better component separation. We concluded that the uniform pore structure might cause the adsorbate molecules to exhibit a homogeneous adsorption state thus revealing the desorption properties of the gas more clearly.
Young Infants Can Develop Protective Levels of Neutralizing Antibody after Infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2008)

Humoral immunity protects against severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease, but the range and magnitude of antibody responses in RSV-naive children after RSV infection have not been completely defined. We evaluated RSV-neutralizing antibody and immunoglobulin G responses to RSV F and G glycoproteins in 65 RSV-naive Navajo and White Mountain Apache children aged 0-24 months who were hospitalized with RSV infection. In these children, antibody responses developed against RSV F and G and the central conserved region of RSV G. Twenty-seven of 41 infants <6 months old developed reciprocal log(2) RSV neutralizing antibody titers > or =8.0, which correlate with protection of the lower respiratory tract. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the level of preexisting neutralizing antibody at infection, not age, was the most important factor influencing this response. RSV can induce substantial neutralizing antibody responses in young infants when the titer of preexisting antibodies is low.
Aperture excited dielectric antennas (1972)

The results of a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the effect of placing dielectric objects over the aperture of waveguide antennas are presented. Experimental measurements of the radiation patterns, gain, impedance, near-field amplitude, and pattern and impedance coupling between pairs of antennas are given for various Plexiglas shapes, including the sphere and the cube, excited by rectangular, circular, and square waveguide feed apertures. The waveguide excitation of a dielectric sphere is modeled using the Huygens' source, and expressions for the resulting electric fields, directivity, and efficiency are derived. Calculations using this model show good overall agreement with experimental patterns and directivity measurements. The waveguide under an infinite dielectric slab is used as an impedance model. Calculations using this model agree qualitatively with the measured impedance data. It is concluded that dielectric loaded antennas such as the waveguide excited sphere, cube, or sphere-cylinder can produce directivities in excess of that obtained by a uniformly illuminated aperture of the same cross section, particularly for dielectric objects with dimensions of 2 wavelengths or less. It is also shown that for certain configurations coupling between two antennas of this type is less than that for the same antennas without dielectric loading.
Bootstrapping Distantly Supervised IE using Joint Learning and Small Well-structured Corpora (2016)

We propose a framework to improve performance of distantly-supervised relation extraction, by jointly learning to solve two related tasks: concept-instance extraction and relation extraction. We combine this with a novel use of document structure: in some small, well-structured corpora, sections can be identified that correspond to relation arguments, and distantly-labeled examples from such sections tend to have good precision. Using these as seeds we extract additional relation examples by applying label propagation on a graph composed of noisy examples extracted from a large unstructured testing corpus. Combined with the soft constraint that concept examples should have the same type as the second argument of the relation, we get significant improvements over several state-of-the-art approaches to distantly-supervised relation extraction.
Optimizing Control of Acromegaly: Integrating a Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist into the Treatment Algorithm (2003)

Acromegaly is associated with significant morbidities and a 2- to 3-fold increase in mortality because of the excessive metabolic action of GH and IGF-I, a marker of GH output. Reductions in morbidity correspond with decreases in IGF-I, and mortality is lowered following normalization of IGF-I or GH levels. Therefore, this has become an important end point. Current guidelines for the treatment of acromegaly have not considered recent advances in medical therapy, in particular, the place of pegvisomant, a GH receptor antagonist. Treatment goals include normalizing biochemical markers, controlling tumor mass, preserving pituitary function, and relieving signs and symptoms. Surgery reduces tumor volume and is considered first-line therapy. Radiation reduces tumor volume and GH and IGF-I levels, but the onset of action is slow and hypopituitarism typically develops. Therefore, pharmacotherapy is often used following surgery or as first-line therapy for nonresectable tumors. Dopamine agonists can be considered in patients exhibiting minimal disease or those with GH-prolactin-cosecreting tumors but will not achieve hormone normalization in most patients. Somatostatin analogs effectively suppress GH and IGF-I in most patients, but intolerance (e.g. diarrhea, cramping, gallstones) can occur. Pegvisomant, the newest therapeutic option, blocks GH action at peripheral receptors, normalizes IGF-I levels, reduces signs and symptoms, and corrects metabolic defects. Pegvisomant does not appear to affect tumor size and has few adverse effects. Pegvisomant is the most effective drug treatment for acromegaly in normalizing IGF-I and producing a clinical response; it is the preferred agent in patients resistant to or intolerant of somatostatin analogs.
A simple coherent GMSK demodulator (2002)

We show that a symbol-by-symbol detector is the optimal MLSE demodulator for Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) (BT=0.3) on both AWGN and a class of weakly dispersive multipath fading channels. Furthermore, it is shown that, for the remaining weakly dispersive channels, a 2 state Viterbi equalizer is optimum. As an illustration of the importance of this result, a receiver is proposed which can reduce the power consumption of GSM handsets using conditional equalization, as more than 70% of the time the channel is considered to be weakly dispersive.
The Sequential Filter Imaging Radiometer (SFIR), a new instrument configuration for Earth observations (1986)

The sequential filter imaging radiometer (SFIR) concept is presented, contrasted with other sensor configurations, and its strengths and weaknesses discussed. In a pushbroom SFIR the optics images the scene onto a long, narrow area array. The length of the array defines the field of view. The spectral defining filters are sequentially placed over the full array, a sample of data for that band taken, and then the next filter placed in front of the array. All of the filters are placed over the array in the time that it takes the image of the scene to advance the array width. Thus the entire scene is observed in each band. Advantages of the SFIR are: spectral bands can be broad, narrow or overlap; it is easy to improve signal to noise ratio; and it is simple to make bands polarized. Its main disadvantage is that it requires more detectors than other instrument configurations.
Synthesis of ultra-long hollow chalcogenide nanofibers (2011)

Electrospinning and galvanic displacement reaction are combined to fabricate ultra-long hollow chalcogen and chalcogenide nanofibers in a cost-effective and high throughput manner. This procedure exploits electrospinning to fabricate ultra-long sacrificial nanofibers with controlled dimensions and morphology, thereby imparting control over the composition and shape of the nanostructures evolved during galvanic displacement reaction. It is believed to be a general route to form various ultra-long hollow semiconducting nanofibers.
Scripted documents: a hypermedia path mechanism (1989)

The concept of a path, or ordered traversal of some links in a hypertext, has been a part of the hypertext notion from its early formation. Although paths can help to solve two major problems with hypertext systems, namely user disorientation and high cognitive overhead for users, their value has not been recognized. Paths can also provide the backbone for computations over a hypertext, an important issue for the future of hypertext. This paper constructs a framework for understanding path mechanisms for hypertext and explores the basic issues surrounding them. Given this framework, it reviews path mechanisms that have been provided by other hypertext systems. Finally, it describes the Scripted Documents system, which has been developed to test the potential of one powerful path mechanism.
Fine-grained change detection in structured text documents (2014)

Detecting and understanding changes between document revisions is an important task. The acquired knowledge can be used to classify the nature of a new document revision or to support a human editor in the review process. While purely textual change detection algorithms offer fine-grained results, they do not understand the syntactic meaning of a change. By representing structured text documents as XML documents we can apply tree-to-tree correction algorithms to identify the syntactic nature of a change.
Neonatal Mortality and Morbidity Rates in Late Preterm Births Compared With Births at Term (2008)

II.
New sensitive and selective detector for gas chromatography: surface ionization detector with a hot platinum emitter (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew sensitive and selective detector for gas chromatography: surface ionization detector with a hot platinum emitterToshihiro. Fujii and Hiromi. ArimotoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 13, 2625–2628Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00290a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00290a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Political Video News Releases: Broadcasters' Obligations under the Equal- Opportunity Provision and FCC Sponsorship-Identification Regulations (1993)

In the last decade, video news releases ("VNRs") have emerged as a significant phenomenon in television news coverage of political events.VNRs, the visual equivalent of press releases, have become essential components of the media efforts of political campaigns.In the 1992 presidential primaries, every major political candidate aired at least one VNR. 1 VNRs are video stories produced by political campaigns or public relations firms, designed to mimic the appearance of regular news programming. 2Distributed free of cost to news programmers, VNRs are an economical way for stations to cover daily political events without incurring the cost of maintaining a reporter on the national campaign trail.For the candidates who produce them, VNRs are an effective way to reach the television-viewing electorate, while influencing media reporting of political events.Despite increasing VNR use and their important role in television news programming today, federal courts and agencies have not addressed the difficult issues raised by broadcasters' reliance upon political VNRs.Significantly, authorities such as the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC" or "Commission") have not yet determined how broadcasters' use of political VNRs interacts with the "equal time" provision of the Federal Communications Act of 1934 (the "Act"). 3Section 3154 of the Act provides that if a broadcast licent
Targeting the EGFR signaling pathway in cancer therapy (2012)

EGFR signaling is a part of a complex network that has been the target of effective cancer therapies. However, a further understanding of the system is required to develop an effective anticancer regimen. A combination therapy that comprises an anti-EGFR and a chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agent will exhibit a multi-pronged approach that can be developed into a highly attractive and specific molecular oriented remedy.
Estimation of the instantaneous frequency of a Gaussian random signal by use of the Wigner-ville distribution (1987)

In this paper, the form of the one dimensional probability distribution function for the Wigner-Ville, or evolutive spectrum and the instantaneous frequency of a Gaussian random process is derived by use of an orthogonal decomposition of the process covariance matrix. No narrow band assumptions are made. Natural estimators for the evolutive spectrum and the instantaneous frequency are defined and the form of the distribution functions are derived. The properties of these estimators are examined with particular reference to the effects of windowing operations used in the calculation. The usefulness of the results is indicated, and examples presented.