gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival and Resuscitation of Ten Strains of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> and <i>Campylobacter coli</i> under Acid Conditions (2003)

The culturability of 10 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli was studied after the bacteria were exposed to acid conditions for various periods of time. Campylobacter cells could not survive 2 h under acid conditions (formic acid at pH 4). The 10 Campylobacter strains could not be recovered, even when enrichment media were used. Viable cells, however, could be detected by a double-staining (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride [CTC]-4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole [DAPI]) technique, demonstrating that the treated bacteria changed into a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) form; the number of VBNC forms decreased over time. Moreover, some VBNC forms of Campylobacter could be successfully resuscitated in specific-free-pathogen fertilized eggs via two routes, amniotic and yolk sac injecting.
Identification and molecular characterization of recurrent genomic deletions on 7p12 in the IKZF1 gene in a large cohort of BCR-ABL1–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients: on behalf of Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto Acute Leukemia Working Party (GIMEMA AL WP) (2009)

The BCR-ABL1 fusion gene defines the subgroup of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with the worst clinical prognosis. To identify oncogenic lesions that combine with BCR-ABL1 to cause ALL, we used Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP arrays (250K NspI and SNP 6.0), fluorescence in situ hybridization, and genomic polymerase chain reaction to study 106 cases of adult BCR-ABL1-positive ALL. The most frequent somatic copy number alteration was a focal deletion on 7p12 of IKZF1, which encodes the transcription factor Ikaros and was identified in 80 (75%) of 106 patients. Different patterns of deletions occurred, but the most frequent were those characterized by a loss of exons 4 through 7 (Delta4-7) and by removal of exons 2 through 7 (Delta2-7). A variable number of nucleotides (patient specific) were inserted at the conjunction and maintained with fidelity at the time of relapse. The extent of the Delta4-7 deletion correlated with the expression of a dominant-negative isoform with cytoplasmic localization and oncogenic activity, whereas the Delta2-7 deletion resulted in a transcript lacking the translation start site. The IKZF1 deletion also was identified in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia to lymphoid blast crisis (66%) but never in myeloid blast crisis or chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia or in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Known DNA sequences and structural features were mapped along the breakpoint cluster regions, including heptamer recombination signal sequences recognized by RAG enzymes during V(D)J recombination, suggesting that IKZF1 deletions could arise from aberrant RAG-mediated recombination.
Thermostabile Bindung von Aromastoffen an Stärke. Teil 2: Bindung von Menthol durch Autoklavieren (1987)

Abstract Die Herstellung thermostabiler Sorbate aus Menthol und Stärken, modifizierten Stärken sowie β‐Cyclodextrin durch Autoklavieren wird beschrieben. Die gebundene Menge steigt im allgemeinen mit dem Gehalt an Amylose und beträgt maximal 80 g/kg. Mit Amylomaisstärke (49% Amylose) wurde ein 3 4 ‐Faktorenversuchsplan durchgeführt und statistisch ausgewertet. Das berechnete Maximum der Mentholsorption betrug 64,5 g/kg bei 163°C, 10 bar, 5 min und 55% Wassergehalt. Gründe für die schlechtere Bindung bei höherer Temperatur und niedrigem Wassergehalt werden diskutiert.
Developments in Practice VIII: Enterprise Content Management (2003)

Enterprise content management (ECM) is an integrated approach to managing all of an organization's information including paper documents, data, reports, web pages, and digital assets. ECM includes the strategies, tools, processes, and skills an organization needs to manage its information assets over their lifecycle. While many vendors would suggest that their software is a panacea, most knowledge managers recognize the greater challenge - to develop an overall ECM strategy that will ensure good information practices are in place and effectively integrated with technology where appropriate. An effective ECM strategy should address each of the four lifecycle stages: 1. Capture - all activities associated with collecting content. 2. Organize - indexing, classifying and linking content and databases together to provide access within and across business units and functions. 3. Process - sifting and analyzing content in ways that inform decision-making. 4. Maintain - ensuring that content is kept up-to-date. A guiding principle at all stages is flexibility. Methods of collecting, organizing, processing and maintaining content that "casts it in concrete" could become a liability in the near future. While the top-down vision for ECM includes improved decision-making, better utilization of information and the collection of competitive intelligence, most ECM initiatives take a bottom-up approach that focuses on delivering immediate benefits through projects such as intranet portals, information searching, and web content management. However, knowledge managers also recognize that greater value can be gained from taking a more strategic approach to ECM. The research shows that those organizations that can marry effective content stewardship practices with appropriate information behaviors and values and information technology on a broader scale can have a significant effect on their organization's performance.
Chemical Pretreatment and Microfiltration for Making Delipidized Whey Protein Concentrate (1995)

ABSTRACT Chemical pretreatment, microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) were applied to produce delipidized whey protein concentrates (WPC). Processes including both chemical pretreatment and MF resulted in WPC with <0.5% lipids. Low‐pH UF and isoelectric point (PI) precipitation were more effective for lipid removal than chemical pretreatment by thermocalcic aggregation. Protein permeation ratios in MF processes were improved by UF preconcentration of whey. Protein permeation and flux were different between the two MF membranes used. Isoelectric point precipitation increased β‐Lg contents, but not α‐La, in the resulting WPC (B). Minor proteins exhibited lower concentrations in WPC B and MF WPC products.
Determination of Nine Intense Sweeteners in Foodstuffs by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Evaporative Light-Scattering Detection: Interlaboratory Study (2009)

An interlaboratory trial was conducted to validate an analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with evaporative light-scattering detection for the simultaneous determination of 9 intense sweeteners, i.e., acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, cyclamic acid, dulcin, neotame, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, saccharin, and sucralose in carbonated and noncarbonated soft drinks and canned or bottled fruits. Seven laboratories participated in the validation study. The majority of the samples fortified with levels close to the limit of quantification had relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) values <15%. In most cases, the recovery rates ranged between 90 and 105%, demonstrating satisfactory performance of the method. For samples fortified at levels comparable to the prescribed legal limits stipulated in the current European Union legislation, the method produces acceptably accurate, repeatable, and reproducible results. Trueness, expressed in terms of recovery rates, was demonstrated in most cases by values ranging from 90 to 108%. Comparability of results obtained by individual testing laboratories was good (RSDR values <10%) for the majority of results. Moreover, HorRat values of <1.1 suggested good performance of the method for all sweeteners and matrixes tested.
Medical Support of the Sinai Multinational Force and Observers: An Update, 2001 (2003)

The Multinational Force and Observers is an 11-nation coalition force with the mission of peacekeeping in the Sinai. It commenced operations in 1982 and continues today after two decades of successful enforcement of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace. The fielding of a medical support team for this mission was the first effort of its kind for the U.S. Army Medical Department, resulting in a uniquely organized medical unit. A U.S. Army physician heads the medical team, which includes nine other physicians from six different countries. The team provides health care for the 2,500-person coalition in the remote Sinai desert. This writing compares earlier medical support with that of August 2000 through July 2001 and describes medical conditions and problems encountered during the 12-month tour of duty. This article updates two previous articles on the subject published in Military Medicine in 1983 and 1991.
Enhanced cell‐free protein expression by fusion with immunoglobulin Cκ domain (2006)

While cell-free systems are increasingly used for protein expression in structural and functional studies, several proteins are difficult to express or expressed only at low levels in cell-free lysates. Here, we report that fusion of the human immunoglobulin kappa light chain constant domain (Ckappa) at the C terminus of four representative proteins dramatically improved their production in the Escherichia coli S30 system, suggesting that enhancement of cell-free protein expression by Ckappa fusion will be widely applicable.
Recrystallization Control of Dilute Molybdenum-Titanium Alloys by Multi-step Internal Nitriding (2000)

The control of microstructure and recrystallization temperature in the internally nitrided dilute Mo-Ti alloys was studied through a novel three-step nitriding process at 900 to 1600°C in N2 gas, in order to develop highly ductile Mo alloys having a heavily deformed microstructure near the specimen surface. Primary internal nitriding process below the recrystallization temperature of the present alloys at around 1000°C brings uniform dispersion of superfine Ti-nitride precipitates in the Mo matrix where the deformation microstructure remains. These superfine precipitates decompose and disappear after heating at 1200°C in a vacuum. However, after secondary nitriding at 1500°C in a nitrogen atmosphere, those particles grew up to be stick-shaped particles with a length of 50 to 120 nm without the recrystallization of Mo matrix within about 130 μm from the specimen surface. The depth of the region where the recrystallization of Mo matrix was suppressed was greatly dependent upon the secondary nitriding temperature. The third nitriding was conducted at 1500 or 1600°C. For the specimen nitrided at 1600°C, the recrystallization temperature in a vacuum was elevated above 1600°C.
Mechanisms of Oil Displacement by Microorganisms (1986)

ABSTRACT Mechanisms of oil displacement at the oil-brine-sand interfaces by bacteria were investigated by microscopic observations and capillary pressure changes using unconsolidated, thin, reservoir flow cells. Three genera of bacteria, Bacillus, Pseudomonas. and Clostridium. were injected into water-wet and oil-wet cells of unconsolidated sand, saturated with brine and crude oil. The flow cells were placed under a microscope for visual and photographic observations. The flow cells were connected to a manometer to examine the complete capillary pressure hysteresis loop before and after introduction of bacteria. The thin reservoir flow cells were first saturated with brine, and then displaced to irreducible water saturation with crude oil. Oil and brine displacements were then made to determine the complete capillary pressure relationship. Next, the bacteria and nutrients were introduced and incubated in the flow cell for 24-48 hours. Microscopic observations were recorded photographically. After incubation, oil and brine displacements were again made to determine the capillary pressure hysteresis loop. During incubation, some emulsification of the oil at the oil-brine-sand interfaces were observed. Biogenic gas production caused pressure increases in the flow cells. Final measurements of the capillary pressure hysteresis loop showed decreases in residual oil saturation of 9-24% and changes in wettability to more water-wet systems. This work shows the potential of microbial enhanced oil recovery, and investigates some of the mechanisms of oil displacement by three genera of bacteria. These considerations are important with regard to the technical feasibility of microbial enhancement of oil recovery.
Angle of incidence effects on soiled PV modules (2014)

The transmission level of the incident light on the photovoltaic (PV) modules depends on the angle of incidence (AOI) and air/superstrate interface. The AOI dependence for the air/glass interface has already been well established. When the glass superstrate is covered by a soil/dust layer, the air/glass interface is altered and thereby changes the AOI dependence to air/soil/glass interface. In this work, PV modules retrieved from the field that had different dust densities have been measured for the dependence of the AOI curves on the dust gravimetric densities. It was determined that the AOI curve is inversely related to the soil density. The critical AOI for the air/glass interface is about 57° and it shifts dramatically as the soil gravimetric density (g/m<sup>2</sup>) increases. The measured AOI curves were then fitted and validated with the analytical/empirical models reported in the literature.
Fuzzy region-growing segmentation of natural images using local fractal dimension (2002)

We present a new method that integrates intensity features and a local fractal-dimension feature into a region growing algorithm for the segmentation of natural images. A fuzzy rule is used to integrate different type of feature into a segmentation algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, intensity features are used to produce an accurate segmentation, while the fractal-dimension feature is used to yield a rough segmentation in a natural image. The effective combination of the different features provides the segmented results similar to the ones by a human visual system.
The band excitation method in scanning probe microscopy for rapid mapping of energy dissipation on the nanoscale (2007)

Mapping energy transformation pathways and dissipation on the nanoscale and understanding the role of local structure on dissipative behavior is a challenge for imaging in areas ranging from electronics and information technologies to efficient energy production. Here we develop a novel Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) technique in which the cantilever is excited and the response is recorded over a band of frequencies simultaneously rather than at a single frequency as in conventional SPMs. This band excitation (BE) SPM allows very rapid acquisition of the full frequency response at each point (i.e. transfer function) in an image and in particular enables the direct measurement of energy dissipation through the determination of the Q-factor of the cantilever-sample system. The BE method is demonstrated for force-distance and voltage spectroscopies and for magnetic dissipation imaging with sensitivity close to the thermomechanical limit. The applicability of BE for various SPMs is analyzed, and the method is expected to be universally applicable to all ambient and liquid SPMs.
Crack-free BaTiO3 films on Si with SiO2, MgO, or Al2O3 buffer layers (2005)

Crack-free polycrystalline BaTiO3 films of up to 1-µm thickness were grown on silicon and on silicon-on-sapphire (SoS) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The quality of films of different thickness was studied, particularly the onset of the formation of cracks. The crystallinity of the films was confirmed by x-ray diffraction measurements. The thickness and composition of the films were examined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The optical properties (index of refraction and damping) of planar BaTiO3 waveguides were determined with a prism coupling setup. The films showed an optical attenuation of less than 2 dB/cm and a birefringence of up to 0.01.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Multifunctional Peptides (2005)

A simple, one-pot process for synthesizing monodisperse gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution using multifunctional peptides is reported (see Figure). The multifunctional peptide contains a gold synthesizing/binding domain and a biomolecular recognition domain. The gold binding domain reduces choloroaurate ions and coats the gold nanoparticles while the biomolecular recognition domain can be recognized by specific antibodies. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2421/2005/z500172_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An ultrahigh vacuum system for the fabrication and characterization of ultrathin metal–semiconductor films and sensors (1999)

An ultrahigh vacuum system has been designed and built to study the magnetic and electrical behavior of ultrathin metal films deposited on semiconductors. The system allows variable temperature metal film deposition by electron beam evaporation onto an electrically active, low noise device structure. Significant features include, the use of microfabricated substrates to create reliable zero-force electrical contacts to ultrathin metal–semiconductor devices, a dark atomic beam source, and a compact magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) magnetometer with an external electromagnet. A temperature controlled rotating sample manipulator allows the active metal surface to be deposited in one position and subsequently rotated between the poles of the electromagnet for simultaneous MOKE and electrical measurements while the surface undergoes controlled dosing from a molecular or atomic beam. Low-energy electron diffraction is available for sample characterization and a quadrupole mass spectrometer is used to monitor the beam. Results of iron on Si(111) show magnetic coercivity increasing approximately linearly with increasing film thickness to 6.4 kA/m at 100 Å. Current–voltage measurements of 50 Å iron and copper on Si(111) when fit to a thermionic emission model showed, respectively, ideality factors of approximately 4 and 1, and barrier heights of 0.45 and 0.65 eV after deposition at 160 K and annealing to room temperature. The use of the thin Cu film Schottky diode for atomic hydrogen detection is demonstrated.
A review of image analysis techniques for gene spot identification in cDNA Microarray images (2011)

This paper reports about the latest instrumentation technique of Gene Expression using DNA Microarray. DNA Microarray Image Analysis is a new and exciting computing paradigm with biological background. It involves the concepts ranging from Molecular Biology, Statistics to Computation while including theories and practices of computer science. Study in DNA Microarray includes the Gene Expression, Genetic Data Management, Repository system and the algorithms of image analysis. The aim of this review paper is to give an overview of the basic concepts of DNA Microarray based Genomic research, methodology and to discuss the pros and cons of some algorithms for cDNA Microarray image analysis. This paper is expected to benefit researchers and academics in Genomics.
Channel and DC-offset estimation using data-dependent superimposed training (2005)

The problem of multipath channel and DC-offset estimation in communications systems is addressed. The recently proposed data-dependent superimposed training is extended to include DC-offset estimation. Optimal design of the known superimposed sequence is also derived. The proposed pilot assisted method is compared to the conventional superimposed and time-division multiplexed training schemes.
Disruption of Pyridine Nucleotide Redox Status During Oxidative Challenge at Normal and Low-Glucose States: Implications for Cellular Adenosine Triphosphate, Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity, and Reducing Capacity in Colon Epithelial Cells (2010)

We recently demonstrated that menadione (MQ), a redox cycling quinone, mediated the loss of mitochondrial glutathione/glutathione disulfide redox balance. In this study, we showed that MQ significantly disrupted cellular pyridine nucleotide (NAD(+)/NADH, NADP(+)/NADPH) redox balance that compromised cellular ATP, mitochondrial respiratory activity, and NADPH-dependent reducing capacity in colonic epithelial cells, a scenario that was exaggerated by low glucose. In the cytosol, MQ induced NAD(+) loss concurrent with increased NADP(+) and NAD kinase activity, but decreased NADPH. In the mitochondria, NADH loss occurred in conjunction with increased nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase activity and NADP(+), and decreased NADPH. These results are consistent with cytosolic NAD(+)-to-NADP(+) and mitochondrial NADH-to-NADPH shifts, but compromised NADPH availability. Thus, despite the sacrifice of NAD(+)/NADH in favor of NADPH generation, steady-state NADPH levels were not maintained during MQ challenge. Impairments of cellular bioenergetics were evidenced by ATP losses and increased mitochondrial O(2) dependence of pyridine nucleotide oxidation-reduction; half-maximal oxidation (P(50)) was 10-fold higher in low glucose, which was lowered by glutamate or succinate supplementation. This exaggerated O(2) dependence is consistent with increased O(2) diversion to nonmitochondrial O(2) consumption by MQ-semiquinone redox cycling secondary to decreased NADPH-dependent MQ detoxication at low glucose, a situation that was corrected by glucose-sparing mitochondrial substrates.
Forced expiratory manoeuvres in children: do they meet ATS and ERS criteria for spirometry? (2001)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria for spirometry in children. Maximal expiratory flow/volume (MEFV) measurements from 446 school-age children, experienced in performing MEFV manoeuvres, were studied and acceptability (start-of-test (backward extrapolated volume as a percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC) ([Vbc%FVC) or as an absolute value (Vbe), end-of-test (forced expiratory time (FET)) and reproducibility criteria (absolute and percentage difference between best and second-best FVC and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (deltaFVC, deltaFVC %, deltaFEV1 and deltaFEV1 %)) were applied to these manoeuvres. The Vbe%FVC criterion was met by 91.5%, the Vbe <0.15 L criterion by 94.8% and the Vbe <0.10 L by 60.1% of children. Vbe <0.15 L appeared to be a more useful parameter than Vbe%FVC. The FET criterion was met by only 15.3% of children. deltaFVC <0.2 L and deltaFEV1 <0.2 L were met by 97.1% and 98.4%, and deltaFVC <0.1 L and deltaFEV1 <0.1 L by 79.8% and 84.3% of the children, respectively. These criteria appeared to be less useful compared to percentage criteria (deltaFVC % and deltaFEV1 %). Even experienced children did not meet all international criteria for spirometry. However, most of their MEFV curves are useful for interpretation. Based on the performance of these children, a re-evaluation of criteria for maximal expiratory flow/volume measurements in children is proposed.
Asymmetric synthesis of syn-α-alkyl-β-amino acids (1994)

An investigation into the reactivity of the highly stereoselective conjugate nucleophile lithium N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamide 1 with α-alkyl-α,β-unsaturated esters has led to the development of a versatile asymmetric synthesis of syn-α-alkyl-β-amino acids. By performing the conjugate additions in toluene and diluting the reaction mixtures with THF prior to quenching of the reactions with the hindered acid, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol 13, the product syn-α-alkyl-β-amino esters may be generated in good yield and with excellent stereocontrol. Several examples illustrate the ease with which these products may be debenzylated and hydrolysed to afford homochiral syn-α-alkyl-β-amino acids.