gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hesperidin-3′-<i>O</i>-Methylether Is More Potent than Hesperidin in Phosphodiesterase Inhibition and Suppression of Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness (2012)

Hesperidin is present in the traditional Chinese medicine, "Chen Pi," and recently was reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we were interested in comparing the effects of hesperidin and hesperidin-3'-O-methylether on phosphodiesterase inhibition and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of asthma. In the present results, hesperidin-3'-O-methylether, but not hesperidin, at 30 μmol/kg (p.o.) significantly attenuated the enhanced pause (P(enh)) value, suppressed the increases in numbers of total inflammatory cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils, suppressed total and OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels in the serum and BALF, and enhanced the level of total IgG(2a) in the serum of sensitized and challenged mice, suggesting that hesperidin-3'-O-methylether is more potent than hesperidin in suppression of AHR and immunoregulation. The different potency between them may be due to their aglycons, because these two flavanone glycosides should be hydrolyzed by β-glucosidase after oral administration. Neither influenced xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia, suggesting that they may have few or no adverse effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and gastric hypersecretion. In conclusion, hesperidin-3'-O-methylether is more potent in phosphodiesterase inhibition and suppression of AHR and has higher therapeutic (PDE4(H)/PDE4(L)) ratio than hesperidin. Thus, hesperidin-3'-O-methylether may have more potential for use in treating allergic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Skin delivery of vitamin E (1999)

Synopsis Acute and chronic exposure to sun rays have been linked to several types of skin damage, including sunburn, photoaging, photocarcinogenesis, and photoimmunosuppression. One likely hypothesis for the genesis of these skin pathologies is believed to be the formation of free radicals. This suggestion has led to the supplementation of antioxidants such as o-tocopherol (vitamin E) in various cosmetic skin preparations. Vitamin E is now considered essential for the stabilization of biological membranes, particularly those containing large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids. For stability considerations, o-tocopherol is commonly used as its prodrug ester. This article reviews the chemistry of vitamin E, its cutaneous biological functions, its prodrug forms and their metabolism into the active form of free vitamin E, and the effect of varying formulations on the percutaneous absorption of vitamin E.
Vacuum wafer-level packaging for MEMS applications (2003)

For several kinds of MEMS (gyrometers, accelerometers, RF MEMS, bolometers, vacuum allows a significant improvement of performances. Leti has developed a high performance sensor operating at a pressure lower than 10<sup>-3 </sup>mbar. In a first phase, a ceramic vacuum packaging has been developed: the device is encapsulated in a cavity containing a getter. However, this technique increases considerably the fabrication costs, because it is made at the chip level. For that reason, Leti has also developed wafer-level vacuum packaging process. The process to manufacture encapsulated devices is presented in this paper. The vacuum function is obtained thanks to an additional wafer (glass or silicon wafer), which supports getters. This wafer is bonded by an hermetic bonding. Characterisation of different kinds of bonding, in term of hermeticity, is presented. First chips manufactured with this process have been tested. The vacuum level in the cavities has been measured, and was lower than 10<sup>-3</sup> mbar. Moreover, vacuum evolution during 6 months does not show pressure increase. This process can be easily adapted to several MEMS applications. With these experiments, Leti has so proved the possibility of manufacturing low cost vacuum packaged MEMS.
Assessing Acid-Base Status in Circulatory Failure (1989)

To assess arteriovenous differences in acid-base status, we measured the pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in blood drawn simultaneously from the arterial and central venous circulations in 26 patients with normal cardiac output, 36 patients with moderate and 5 patients with severe circulatory failure, and 38 patients with cardiac or cardiorespiratory arrest. The patients with normal cardiac output had the expected arteriovenous differences: venous pH was lower by 0.03 unit, and venous PCO2 was higher by 0.8 kPa (5.7 mm Hg). These differences widened only slightly in those with moderate cardiac failure. Additional simultaneous determinations in mixed venous blood from pulmonary arterial catheters were nearly identical to those in central venous blood. In the five hypotensive patients with severe circulatory failure there were substantial differences between the mean arterial and central venous pH (7.31 vs. 7.21) and PCO2 (5.8 vs. 9.0 kPa [44 vs. 68 mm Hg]). Large arteriovenous differences were present during cardiac arrest in patients whose ventilation was mechanically sustained, whether sodium bicarbonate had been administered (pH, 7.27 vs. 7.07; PCO2, 5.8 vs. 8.6 kPa [44 vs. 65 mm Hg]) or not (pH, 7.36 vs. 7.01; PCO2, 3.7 vs. 10.2 kPa [28 vs. 76 mm Hg]). By contrast, in patients with cardiorespiratory arrest, large arteriovenous differences were noted only when sodium bicarbonate had been given (pH, 7.24 vs. 7.01; PCO2, 9.5 vs. 16.9 kPa [71 vs. 127 mm Hg]). We conclude that both arterial and central venous blood samples are needed to assess acid-base status in patients with critical hemodynamic compromise. Although information about arterial blood gases is needed to assess pulmonary gas exchange, in the presence of severe hypoperfusion, the hypercapnia and acidemia at the level of the tissues are detected better in central venous blood.
Are transcriptional responses to inbreeding a functional response to alleviate inbreeding depression? (2013)

Previous studies addressing the relationship between gene regulation and inbreeding depression did not allow for discerning the changes that alleviate the depression from those that generate it. We directly addressed this question by analyzing changes in gene expression, using Affymetrix 2.0 arrays in Drosophila melanogaster inbred sublines differing in their magnitudes of inbreeding depression relative to the expression in an outbred control. The total number of arrays analyzed was 27, with 9,133 probe sets showing a significant signal of expression. We found that for those genes differentially expressed between inbred and outbred sublines, most of them showed a pattern of expression consistent with a protective role against inbreeding effects. The observed increase in depression was presumably related to an inability of the genome to do the appropriate expression adjustments. Expression changes detected in our study showed a clear specificity of RNA-splicing and energy derivation functions. Thus, it appears that most of the observed changes in gene expression associated with inbreeding may occur predominantly to alleviate inbreeding depression, i.e., as a protection against the effects of inbreeding.
Methyl‐DOPO—a new flame retardant for flexible polyurethane foam (2010)

Abstract Flexible polyurethane foams are widely used in many industrial applications, such as upholstered furniture and mattresses, automotive applications, etc. The chemical nature of the polyurethane, the low density, the high air permeability, and the open cell structure cause this material to be highly flammable. In this study, the influencing variables on the burning behavior of flexible polyurethane foams are investigated. Additionally the synthesis, formulation, characterization, and testing of a new phosphorus flame retardant (FR) methyl‐DOPO 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐methylphosphaphenthrene‐10‐oxide in flexible polyurethane foam with low density is performed. The new FR shows an excellent flame retarding behavior by acting mainly in the gas phase. Here the vaporization of methyl‐DOPO occurs in the same temperature region as the depolymerization of the urethane and the bisubstituted urea groups during pyrolysis of the foam. Furthermore TG‐MS measurements revealed the release of high concentrations of low molecular weight species like HPO, CH 3 PO, or PO 2 in the mentioned temperature region. These species are able to scavenge the H‐ and OH‐radicals in the radical chain reactions of the flame leading to a significant increase of the CO/CO 2 ratio during cone calorimeter experiments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extrinsic Fabry−Perot Interferometry for Noncontact Temperature Control of Nanoliter-Volume Enzymatic Reactions in Glass Microchips (2005)

Optical fiber extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometry (EFPI) was investigated as a noncontact temperature sensor and utilized for regulating the temperature of small-volume solutions in microchips. Interference pattern analysis determined the optical path lengths (OPL) associated with reflections from various surfaces on or in the microchip, in particular, from gold sputtered on the bottom of a microchannel. Since OPL is directly proportional to refractive index, which is dependent on solution temperature, the EFPI sensor was capable of noncontact monitoring of solution temperature simply from alterations in the measured path length. Calibration of the sensor against a thermocouple was performed while heating the microchip in a noncontact manner with an IR lamp. The combination of EFPI temperature sensor, IR-mediated heating, and air cooling allowed a fully noncontact system for small-volume temperature control in microchip structures, and its utility was illustrated by optimal digestion of DNA by a temperature-dependent restriction endonuclease in 320 nL. The functionality and simplicity of the microchip EFPI temperature sensor was enhanced by replacing the prebonding sputtered gold with a tunable, chemically plated semireflective silver coating created in situ after chip fabrication. This provided an 8-fold improvement in the lowest detectable temperature change (deltaT = 0.1 degrees C), facilitated primarily by enhanced reflection from both the bottom and top surfaces of the microchannel. This approach for controlling micro- and nanoscale reactions--with heating, cooling, and temperature control being carried out in a completely noncontact fashion--provides an accurate and sensitive method for executing chemical and biochemical reactions in microchips.
Feature Based Navigation for UAVs (2006)

Most UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) today use the GPS (Global Positioning System) for navigation. While GPS is an accurate and usually reliable aid to navigation, it can be unavailable for various reasons. The aim of this project is to develop an alternative navigation method, which can be used when GPS transmissions are not available. The method suggested here is called feature based navigation. It works by comparing the current image taken by the on-board camera with previous reference images, usually the most recent, obtained when GPS was available. The system then compares locations of similar features extracted from the images using these to determine the location of UAV. We outline the results of the method using real data taken from the data log of a UAV in flight
[Study on the photoacoustic phase of rare earth complexes]. (2000)

The theory of the photoacoustic (PA) phase has been studied. The PA phase spectra of rare earth complexes with dibenzoylmethide have been explained basing on the theory. The phase shifts of Tb complexes at the ligand absorption peak have been calculated. The phase shifts and their intramolecular relaxation processes have been studied also.
[A study of serum protein fraction binding to indocyanine green (ICG) by combined method of immunoelectrophoresis and ICG fundus videosystem]. (1996)

Binding characteristics of indocyanine green (ICG) to human serum were investigated, with a combination of immunoelectrophoresis and an ICG fundus video system. Serum samples were obtained from three healthy volunteers, 1 minute after intravenous administration of 50 mg/2 ml ICG, and then fractionated immunoelectrophoretically on agarose plates. Electrophoretic patterns on these plates could be observed with an ICG fundus video system as well as an immunoviewer. Using anti-human sera, only one infrared fluorescent line showing the ICG binding immunoprecipitate was recognized near the area of beta fraction, which was also identified by the use of anti-beta-lipoprotein (Lp) antibody. We also studied the affinity of ICG for apolipoproteins (Apo) AI, B, and CIII, which were the main protein components of serum Lps. Electrophoresis showed that ICG bound only to Apo-B, but not to the others. These results indicated that ICG mainly bound to beta-Lp in the blood, and that ICG angiographic patterns were directly reflecting the dynamics of serum Lps, especially for LDL. The high affinity of ICG for only Apo-B could explain the reason why ICG mainly bound to beta-Lp among several serum Lps, because large amounts of Apo-B are included in beta-Lp but a little in other serum Lps.
Unpacking Faculty Engagement: The Types of Activities Faculty Members Report as Publicly Engaged Scholarship During Promotion and Tenure (2011)

While a growing body of scholarship has focused on the per-sonal, professional, and organizational factors that influence faculty members ’ involvement in publicly engaged scholarship, the nature and scope of faculty publicly engaged scholarship itself has remained largely unexplored. What types of activities are faculty members involved in as publicly engaged scholar-ship? How does their involvement vary by demographic, type of faculty appointment, or college grouping? To explore these questions, researchers conducted a quantitative content analysis of 173 promotion and tenure documents from a research-inten-sive, land-grant, Carnegie Classified Community Engagement university and found statistically significant differences for the variables age, number of years at the institution, faculty rank, Extension appointment, joint appointment, and college grouping. Recommendations for future research are discussed as well as implications for institutional leadership, faculty development programming, and the structuring of academic appointments.
MfeCNN: Mixture Feature Embedding Convolutional Neural Network for Data Mapping (2018)

Data mapping plays an important role in data integration and exchanges among institutions and organizations with different data standards. However, traditional rule-based approaches and machine learning methods fail to achieve satisfactory results for the data mapping problem. In this paper, we propose a novel and sophisticated deep learning framework for data mapping called mixture feature embedding convolutional neural network (MfeCNN). The MfeCNN model converts the data mapping task to a multiple classification problem. In the model, we incorporated multimodal learning and multiview embedding into a CNN for mixture feature tensor generation and classification prediction. Multimodal features were extracted from various linguistic spaces with a medical natural language processing package. Then, powerful feature embeddings were learned by using the CNN. As many as 10 classes could be simultaneously classified by a softmax prediction layer based on multiview embedding. MfeCNN achieved the best results on unbalanced data (average F1 score, 82.4%) among the traditional state-of-the-art machine learning models and CNN without mixture feature embedding. Our model also outperformed a very deep CNN with 29 layers, which took free texts as inputs. The combination of mixture feature embedding and a deep neural network can achieve high accuracy for data mapping and multiple classification.
Distributed and parallel execution of Java programs on a DSM system (2002)

The paper focuses on the loop-level parallelism of bytecode on a distributed shared memory (DSM) system, which is built on a cluster of multiprocessors. We define a new attribute called 'Loop Attribute' to record the information of Java loops. When first loading a Java program, our Java virtual machine, called ES-JVM, checks and analyzes the loops of the bytecode dynamically, handles the data dependence of loops, and records the information as the loop attributes. ES-JVM uses the virtual shared memory and synchronization mechanisms provided by the DSM system to maintain the memory consistency. Before ES-JVM interprets the loops of the bytecodes, it dispatches the workload of loops to the interpreter threads at all nodes according to the loop attributes and the number of threads. After distributed and parallel execution of the loops, ES-JVM continues to interpret the rest of the bytecodes of the Java program. Finally, ES-JVM saves the loop attributes in a new class file for the next run. Our research shows that distributed and parallel execution of loops of a Java program could improve performance.
Plant homologue of human excision repair gene <i>ERCC1</i> points to conservation of DNA repair mechanisms (1998)

Nucleotide excision repair (NER), a highly versatile DNA repair mechanism, is capable of removing various types of DNA damage including those induced by UV radiation and chemical mutagens. NER has been well characterized in yeast and mammalian systems but its presence in plants has not been reported. Here it is reported that a plant gene isolated from male germline cells of lily (Lilium longiflorum) shows a striking amino acid sequence similarity to the DNA excision repair proteins human ERCC1 and yeast RAD10. Homologous genes are also shown to be present in a number of taxonomically diverse plant genera tested, suggesting that this gene may have a conserved function in plants. The protein encoded by this gene is able to correct significantly the sensitivity to the cross-linking agent mitomycin C in ERCC1-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. These findings suggest that the NER mechanism is conserved in yeast, animals and higher plants.
Quantum interference from superconducting islands in a mesoscopic solid (1993)

By computing Andreev scattering coefficients for a three-dimensional disordered solid containing superconducting inclusions and evaluating a generalized Landauer-Buttiker formula for the two-probe electrical conductance G, an intuitive result is obtained for the dependence of G on the phase of the superconductors. For the simplest case of two inclusions, it is shown that G varies periodically with the phase difference phi of the superconducting islands, with period 2 pi . For more than two inclusions, beating can occur. If the superconductors are decoupled, G varies periodically with time, at the Josephson frequency. If the superconductors are weakly coupled, this behaviour is preceded by a time-dependence regime in which phi increases with the externally applied voltage, while G changes non-monotonically. It is demonstrated that at least in the presence of single-channel external leads, the ensemble average conductance of a highly disordered system varies periodically with period 2 pi , in contrast with a periodicity of pi found for weakly localized systems.
What Do Statistics Really Tell Us About the Quality of the Data from Self‐Monitoring of Blood Glucose? (1989)

Recently a number of studies have examined the quality of the data obtained from various systems used in the self-monitoring of blood glucose. Many of these studies have used parametric statistical techniques such as the Pearson product-moment correlation (r) and linear regression to evaluate the errors associated with self-monitoring results. These statistical methods, while well known and easily computed on modern computers, are often inappropriate for evaluating either the amount of error associated with self-monitoring or the clinical significance of these errors. For example: 1. a correlation of 1.00 does not necessarily mean that the measurements from a self-monitoring system agree with the true values and are without error; 2. a correlation close to 0.00 does not necessarily mean that the measurements from self-monitoring differ widely from the true values and possess large amounts of error; 3. a slope of 1.0 and a y-intercept of 0.0 in a linear regression equation do not necessarily mean that the self-monitoring measurements agree with the true values; 4. a slope and y-intercept that deviate significantly from 1.0 and 0.0, respectively, do not necessarily mean that such measurements differ widely from the true values. The present paper illustrates some of the limitations and common misconceptions concerning these statistics, and shows that a reliance on these techniques alone can, in certain circumstances, lead to misleading estimates of the amount of error associated with self-monitoring systems and inappropriate descriptions of the clinical significance of these errors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
List of contributors (2012)

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A highly automated semi-custom approach for VLSI (1982)

The structured approach is aimed at optimizing the chip physical design while keeping design resources and time at a reasonable level. The logic is partitioned into data flow logic and control logic; a specialized physical structure has been defined to match the data flow logic structure and the gate array has been chosen for control logic implementation, both physical structures being customizable. A general purpose library and a set of design automation programs have been developed to allow fast physical design of the functional partitions according to the applications. A bipolar 16-bit slice microprocessor has been designed with this approach and built; compared to the widely used gate array chip implementation, it shows an improvement of 2 in gate density and 1.5 in power dissipation. The physical design of this 2000 gates chip took only two months.
Rho Kinase Inhibition Improves Endothelial Function in Human Subjects With Coronary Artery Disease (2006)

Investigations from basic biology suggest that activation of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and thereby promotes atherosclerosis and its clinical complications. Yet, little information is available about the relationship of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway to NO bioavailability in humans with atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we determined whether inhibition of Rho kinase augments NO bioavailability and improves endothelial function in human subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD). Thirteen CAD subjects and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were randomly assigned to receive the Rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil, or placebo for 1 month each in a double-blind crossover trial. Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent and nitroglycerin-induced, endothelium-independent vasodilation were assessed by brachial artery ultrasonography. Rho kinase activity was measured in peripheral leukocytes. Fasudil increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation in CAD subjects from 9.4+/-1.9% to 13.4+/-1.9% (P=0.001) but not in healthy controls (from 11.3+/-1.4% to 7.7+/-1.1%; P=0.07). Endothelium-independent vasodilation was not affected by fasudil in either CAD or healthy subjects. Fasudil reduced Rho kinase activity by 59+/-18% in CAD subjects (P=0.001) but not in healthy subjects (by 3+/-6%; P=0.60). The change in endothelium-dependent vasodilation achieved with fasudil relative to placebo was inversely proportional to Rho kinase inhibition (ie, greater Rho kinase inhibition was associated with larger improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation) (r=-0.48; P=0.01). These findings suggest that Rho/Rho kinase activation promotes endothelial dysfunction in humans with atherosclerosis. Inhibition of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway should provide a useful strategy to restore NO bioavailability in humans with atherosclerosis.