gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Synthesis and Cell-Transfection Properties of a New Multivalent Cationic Lipid for Nonviral Gene Delivery (2002)

Lipid-mediated delivery of DNA into cells holds great promise both for gene therapy and basic research applications. This paper describes the efficient and facile synthesis and the characterization of a new multivalent cationic lipid with a double-branched headgroup structure for gene delivery applications. The synthetic scheme can be extended to give cationic lipids of different charge, spacer, or lipid chain length. The chemical and physical properties of self-assembled complexes of the cationic liposomes (CLs) with DNA give indications of why multivalent cationic lipids possess superior transfection properties. The lipid bears a headgroup with five charges in the fully protonated state, which is attached to an unsaturated double-chain hydrophobic moiety based on 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Liposomes consisting of the new multivalent lipid and the neutral lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerophosphatidylcholine (DOPC) were used to prepare complexes with DNA. Investigations of the structures of these complexes by optical microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering reveal a lamellar L(alpha)(C) phase of CL-DNA complexes with the DNA molecules sandwiched between bilayers of the lipids. Experiments using plasmid DNA containing the firefly luciferase reporter gene show that these complexes efficiently transfect mammalian cells. When compared to the monovalent cationic lipid 2,3-dioleyloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP), the higher charge density of the membranes of CL-DNA complexes achievable with the new multivalent lipid greatly increases transfection efficiency in the regime of small molar ratios of cationic to neutral lipid. This is desired to minimize the known toxicity effects of cationic lipids.
Immunoglobulin binding by the regular surface array of Aeromonas salmonicida. (1988)

The cell surface of Aeromonas salmonicida is covered by a regular surface array composed of a single species of protein, the A-protein (Phipps, B. M., Trust, T. J., Ishiguro, E. E., and Kay, W. W. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 2934-2939). The array, known as the A-layer, is the key virulence factor for this organism. Cells containing the A-layer specifically bound rabbit IgG and human IgM with high affinity (KD = 1.0 X 10(-6) M and 3.3 X 10(-6) M, respectively), but neither isogenic A-protein-deficient strains nor an Aeromonas hydrophila strain also possessing a regular surface array had binding activity. Selective removal of A-protein at pH 2.2 inactivated IgG binding. Structurally intact IgG was requisite for binding since both Fab and Fc fragments were inactive. Aeromonas A-protein did not share the same IgG binding sites as Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Purified A-protein bound IgG only weakly, but reassembled A-layer regained binding activity. Protein modification and perturbation of the A-layer indicated that no single amino acid residue was critical for binding, and that the binding site consisted of a native arrangement of at least four A-protein monomers in the layer.
Multipath Routing for Video Delivery Over Bandwidth-Limited Networks (2004)

The delivery of quality video service often requires high bandwidth with low delay or cost in network transmission. Current routing protocols such as those used in the Internet are mainly based on the single-path approach (e.g., the shortest-path routing). This approach cannot meet the end-to-end bandwidth requirement when the video is streamed over bandwidth-limited networks. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose multipath routing, where the video takes multiple paths to reach its destination(s), thereby increasing the aggregate throughput. We consider both unicast (point-to-point) and multicast scenarios. For unicast, we present an efficient multipath heuristic (of complexity O(|V|/sup 3/)), which achieves high bandwidth with low delay. Given a set of path lengths, we then present and prove a simple data scheduling algorithm as implemented at the server, which achieves the theoretical minimum end-to-end delay. For a network with unit-capacity links, the algorithm, when combined with disjoint-path routing, offers an exact and efficient solution to meet a bandwidth requirement with minimum delay. For multicast, we study the construction of multiple trees for layered video to satisfy the user bandwidth requirements. We propose two efficient heuristics on how such trees can be constructed so as to minimize the cost of their aggregation subject to a delay constraint.
Distance estimation from acceleration for quantitative evaluation of Parkinson tremor (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to assess Parkinson tremor estimating actual distance amplitude. We propose a practical, useful and simple method for evaluating Parkinson tremor with distance value. We measured resting tremor of 7 Parkinson Disease (PD) patients with triaxial accelerometer. Resting tremor of participants was diagnosed by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) by neurologist. First, we segmented acceleration signal during 7 seconds from recorded data. To estimate a displacement of tremor, we performed double integration from the acceleration. Prior to double integration, moving average method was used to reduce an error of integral constant. After estimation of displacement, we calculated tremor distance during 1s from segmented signal using Euclidean distance. We evaluated the distance values compared with UPDRS. Averaged moving distance during 1 second corresponding to UPDRS 1 was 11.52 mm, that of UPDRS 2 was 33.58 mm and tremor distance of UPDRS 3 was 382.22 mm. Estimated moving distance during 1s was proportional to clinical rating scale--UPDRS.
Size-Dependent Deformation of Nanocrystalline Pt Nanopillars (2012)

We report the synthesis, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanisms of polycrystalline, platinum nanocylinders of grain size d = 12 nm. The number of grains across the diameter, D/d, was varied from 5 to 80 and 1.5 to 5 in the experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, respectively. An abrupt weakening is observed at a small D/d, while the strengths of large nanopillars are similar to bulk. This "smaller is weaker" trend is opposite to the "smaller is stronger" size effect in single crystalline nanostructures. The simulations demonstrate that the size-dependent behavior is associated with the distinct deformation mechanisms operative in interior versus surface grains.
Clinical Value of Prognosis Gene Expression Signatures in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (2012)

The published signatures show low prediction accuracy but moderate clinical usefulness. Although gene expression data may inform prognosis, better strategies for signature validation are needed to encourage their widespread use in the clinic.
Augmented Reality on a dot matrix hologram (2012)

Augmented Reality (AR) marker helps pattern recognition and generates virtual objects, but it also hinders the aesthetics of overall design. The objective of this paper is to integrate AR and the image-switching function of dot matrix hologram, which makes the marker invisible under a meaningful cover image from the normal observation angle. The AR marker can be detected from a specific angle. To design the dot matrix hologram, color index image and gray scale image are used to output the grating spots with different pitches and orientations on the photoresist, which lets the dot matrix hologram have the image switching function. The result shows that the invisible marker on the hologram can be detected and the AR effect can be triggered. This proposed technique has a lot of potential value-added applications in the future. It not only expands 2D display to 3D virtual object presentation for adding amusements, but also strengthens the product's anti-counterfeiting feature and brand protection.
Stacks: an analysis tool set for population genomics (2013)

Massively parallel short-read sequencing technologies, coupled with powerful software platforms, are enabling investigators to analyse tens of thousands of genetic markers. This wealth of data is rapidly expanding and allowing biological questions to be addressed with unprecedented scope and precision. The sizes of the data sets are now posing significant data processing and analysis challenges. Here we describe an extension of the Stacks software package to efficiently use genotype-by-sequencing data for studies of populations of organisms. Stacks now produces core population genomic summary statistics and SNP-by-SNP statistical tests. These statistics can be analysed across a reference genome using a smoothed sliding window. Stacks also now provides several output formats for several commonly used downstream analysis packages. The expanded population genomics functions in Stacks will make it a useful tool to harness the newest generation of massively parallel genotyping data for ecological and evolutionary genetics.
Progressive contraction of the latent HIV reservoir around a core of less-differentiated CD4+ memory T Cells (2014)

In patients who are receiving prolonged antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV can persist within a small pool of long-lived resting memory CD4(+) T cells infected with integrated latent virus. This latent reservoir involves distinct memory subsets. Here we provide results that suggest a progressive reduction of the size of the blood latent reservoir around a core of less-differentiated memory subsets (central memory and stem cell-like memory (TSCM) CD4(+) T cells). This process appears to be driven by the differences in initial sizes and decay rates between latently infected memory subsets. Our results also suggest an extreme stability of the TSCM sub-reservoir, the size of which is directly related to cumulative plasma virus exposure before the onset of ART, stressing the importance of early initiation of effective ART. The presence of these intrinsic dynamics within the latent reservoir may have implications for the design of optimal HIV therapeutic purging strategies.
ABC transporter AtABCG25 is involved in abscisic acid transport and responses (2010)

Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the most important phytohormones involved in abiotic stress responses, seed maturation, germination, and senescence. ABA is predominantly produced in vascular tissues and exerts hormonal responses in various cells, including guard cells. Although ABA responses require extrusion of ABA from ABA-producing cells in an intercellular ABA signaling pathway, the transport mechanisms of ABA through the plasma membrane remain unknown. Here we isolated an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene, AtABCG25, from Arabidopsis by genetically screening for ABA sensitivity. AtABCG25 was expressed mainly in vascular tissues. The fluorescent protein-fused AtABCG25 was localized at the plasma membrane in plant cells. In membrane vesicles derived from AtABCG25-expressing insect cells, AtABCG25 exhibited ATP-dependent ABA transport. The AtABCG25-overexpressing plants showed higher leaf temperatures, implying an influence on stomatal regulation. These results strongly suggest that AtABCG25 is an exporter of ABA and is involved in the intercellular ABA signaling pathway. The presence of the ABA transport mechanism sheds light on the active control of multicellular ABA responses to environmental stresses among plant cells.
Species and Varieties in the<i>Rhizopus Arrhizus-Rhizopus Oryzae</i>Group as Indicated by Their DNA Complementarity (1985)

DNA renaturation experiments gave evidence to conclude that Rhizopus arrhizus, R. oryzae, R. delemar, Amylomyces rouxii, R. delemar var. minimus, R. delemar var. multiplicisporus, R. arrhizus var. delemar, R. chungkuoensis var. isofermentarius, and R. javanicus var. kawasakiensis can be accommodated in three taxa, namely, R. arrhizus var. arrhizus, R. arrhizus var. rouxii, and R. arrhizus var. delemar.
Novel tacrine-related drugs as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (2013)

A summary of the recently published efforts on tacrine derivatives as a renewed potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOOXYGENATION OF SOME SUBSTITUTED 1‐BENZYL‐3,4‐DIHYDROISOQUINOLINES. MECHANISM OF ENAMINE PHOTOOXYGENATION (1982)

Abstract Die durch Kondensation der entsprechenden Phenacetylchloride und Phenethylamine hergestellten Amide (I) lassen sich gemäß einer Bischler‐Napieralski‐Reaktion mit PPA oder P 2 O 5 in siedendem 32 Xylol zu den monosubstituierten Benzyldihydroisochinolinen (II) cyclisieren.
The Behavioral Spectrum of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (2009)

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder consisting of multiple motor and one or more vocal/phonic tics. Tourette's syndrome is increasingly recognized as a common neuropsychiatric disorder usually diagnosed in early childhood, and comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders occur in approximately 90% of patients; the most common of these are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depression is also common, with a lifetime risk of 10% of patients. Moreover, a high prevalence of personality disorders has been reported in preliminary investigations on Tourette's syndrome populations. This paper provides an updated review of the literature on the multifaceted phenotype of Tourette's syndrome, with special attention to the behavioral problems and the relationship between Tourette's syndrome and comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions. The issue of whether Tourette's syndrome should still be considered as a unitary nosological entity is also addressed.
Durable electrocatalytic-activity of Pt–Au/C cathode in PEMFCs (2011)

Longevity remains as one of the central issues in the successful commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and primarily hinges on the durability of the cathode. Incorporation of gold (Au) to platinum (Pt) is known to ameliorate both the electrocatalytic activity and stability of cathode in relation to pristine Pt-cathodes that are currently being used in PEMFCs. In this study, an accelerated stress test (AST) is conducted to simulate prolonged fuel-cell operating conditions by potential cycling the carbon-supported Pt-Au (Pt-Au/C) cathode. The loss in performance of PEMFC with Pt-Au/C cathode is found to be ∼10% after 7000 accelerated potential-cycles as against ∼60% for Pt/C cathode under similar conditions. These data are in conformity with the electrochemical surface-area values. PEMFC with Pt-Au/C cathode can withstand >10,000 potential cycles with very little effect on its performance. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies on the catalyst before and after AST suggest that incorporating Au with Pt helps mitigate aggregation of Pt particles during prolonged fuel-cell operations while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reflects that the metallic nature of Pt is retained in the Pt-Au catalyst during AST in comparison to Pt/C that shows a major portion of Pt to be present as oxidic platinum. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy conducted on the membrane electrode assembly before and after AST suggests that incorporating Au with Pt helps mitigating deformations in the catalyst layer.
Anti-tumor promoting action of phthalic acid mono-<i>n</i>-butyl ester cupric salt, a biomimetic superoxide dismutase (1990)

Skin tumor promotion induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was inhibited by a concurrent and topical application of phthalic acid mono-n-butyl ester cupric salt (PAMBCu) in CD-1 mice initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. PAMBCu inhibited TPA-caused epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) induction and ear edema formation, i.e. skin inflammation. However, neither PAMBCu nor superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibited TPA-caused ODC induction in primary cultured mouse epidermal cells. 7-Bromomethylbenz[a]anthracene (BrMBA) is known to be a non-TPA type of tumor promoting agent. Epidermal ODC induction and inflammation caused by BrMBA were not inhibited by a concurrent application of PAMBCu. When mice were topically treated twice with PAMBCu, i.e. concurrently with and 7 h after BrMBA treatment, BrMBA-caused ODC induction was markedly suppressed. The same dose regimen of PAMBCu, however, failed to inhibit tumor promotion and inflammation caused by BrMBA. PAMBCu showed SOD-mimetic activity in superoxide generating systems, i.e. xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction and TPA-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Mono-n-butyl phthalate, which lacks SOD-mimetic activity, failed to inhibit TPA-caused ODC induction and skin inflammation. Therefore, inhibition by PAMBCu of TPA-caused tumor promotion, epidermal ODC induction and inflammation may be attributable to its SOD-mimetic activity. The results also support the contention that a superoxide anion of non-epidermal cell origin, such as PMN and macrophages, plays a role (probably some enhancing role) in in vivo ODC induction and tumor promotion caused by TPA. Failure of PAMBCu to inhibit BrMBA-caused tumor promotion suggests that superoxide anion generation is not involved in the tumor promoting action of this agent and that the anti-tumor promoting action of PAMBCu is dependent on the nature of the tumor promoting agents.
α<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic Receptors Are Present in Normal Human Conjunctiva (2005)

Purpose: Despite the passage of medications, including antiglaucoma drugs, through the ocular surface, and despite the increasing relevance of neurogenic inflammation in the ocular surface, the presence of some neuroreceptors in the conjunctiva has not been ascertained. This study describes the presence of α2-adrenergic receptors in normal human conjunctiva. Methods: Immunofluorescence microscopy, electrophoresis, and Western blot analyses were done in human conjunctival biopsies and rat control tissues. Antibodies against α2-adrenergic receptor subtypes α2A, α2B, and α2C were used. Results: Immunoreactivity for α2A- and α2B-, but not α2C-adrenergic receptors was evenly distributed in epithelial cells of human conjunctiva cryosections. Immunoreactive bands were detected for the three α2-adrenergic receptor subtypes: a major band of 48–50 kDa and fellow bands of 65–67 kDa. Conclusions: Normal human conjunctival epithelial cells express α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-adrenergic receptors. Further studies to determine the functional implications of these receptors in ocular surface homeostasis are warranted.
MALA Members Meet, Tour GSU’s Library Renovations (2007)

The article discusses the May 2007 spring meeting of MALA (Metro-Atlanta Library Association). The meeting highlights included an overview of the recent renovations of the Georgia State University and a tour of the facility.
Towards providing just-in-time vocabulary support for assistive and augmentative communication (2012)

Many people cannot communicate effectively with those around them. The causes vary but several tools and strategies can support their communication. These tools, which collectively fall under the banner of Assistive and Augmentative Communication (AAC), are rarely adaptive. Of those that are, few provide context-based or just-in-time vocabulary support to users even though the proliferation of smartphones makes this possible. To meet this need, we developed four algorithms to retrieve relevant vocabulary from Internet-based corpora. We used discourse completion tasks to evaluate each algorithm's ability to identify appropriate vocabulary across a set of specific contexts. The results indicate that our approach identifies appropriate context-specific words that complement general AAC vocabularies: when combined with a typical base vocabulary, the algorithms outperformed the support provided by the base vocabulary alone. They did this by adding small targeted vocabularies.
Selective and nonselective inhibition of thromboxane formation (1984)

Thromboxane A2, the predominant cyclooxygenase product of arachidonic acid in the platelet, is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulus of platelet aggregation. Prostacyclin, the principal cyclooxygenase metabolite formed in the vascular endothelium, inhibits platelet aggregation and dilates blood vessels. A therapeutic objective in the treatment of human vascular occlusive disease has been the inhibition of thromboxane formation without coincident reduction in prostacyclin biosynthesis. We compared the biochemical selectivity and platelet inhibitory actions of single doses of aspirin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, with imidazo(1,5-2)pyridine-5-hexanoic acid (CGS 13080), an inhibitor of thromboxane synthase. Aspirin, 325 mg, prolonged the bleeding time markedly, inhibited aggregation and nucleotide release in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma, and maximally inhibited thromboxane generation in serum. The effects of aspirin, 20 mg, were considerably less marked but, as with the higher dose, persisted throughout the study period (24 hr after dosing). CGS 13080 also prolonged bleeding time and inhibited thromboxane formation. In contrast to aspirin, these effects were reversible and inhibition of aggregation was less marked. Endogenous prostacyclin biosynthesis was measured by excretion of the major urinary metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (PGI-M). Whereas aspirin, 325 mg, reduced PGI-M excretion a mean 29%, excretion increased 48% and 100% after CGS 13080, 100 mg and 200 mg. Aspirin, 20 mg, did not alter prostacyclin biosynthesis. Inhibition of thromboxane synthase permits selective inhibition of thromboxane formation in man. Although drugs of greater potency and longer duration of action are desirable, enhanced prostacyclin synthesis may be an important component of the platelet inhibitory actions of thromboxane synthase inhibitors in man.
Interpretation of SDL specification in LOTOS (1994)

Abstract This paper aims at: 1 improvement of the specification verification capability of SDL without losing its advantages, i.e., transparency and descriptive power; and 2 realization of translation between specifications described by SDL and LOTOS. A method is proposed which gives a LOTOS interpretation of the specification by SDL. First, the mapping of the object system structure indicated by SDL specification to the LOTOS description is discussed. Then the description of the processing definition of SDL specification is described. Using the method proposed in this paper, a LOTOS interpretation is presented as an example for the SDL specification for the switching service. The result of interpretation is evaluated and the flexibility of the verification process is discussed.