gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of antisweet substances, sweet proteins, and sweetness‐inducing proteins (1992)

Recent studies on structures and functions of sweetness-inhibiting substances (gymnemic acid, ziziphin, and gurmarin); sweet proteins (monellin, thaumatin and mabinlin); and taste-modifying proteins (miraculin and curculin) were reviewed. Several gymnemic acid homologues and gurmarin were purified from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and their structures were determined. Ziziphin was also purified from leaves of Ziziphus jujuba. Gymnemic acid and ziziphin are glycoside of triterpenes that suppress sweetness in human, while gurmarin is a peptide having antisweet activity in rat. Mabinlin is a heat-stable sweet protein. The whole amino acid sequence and the position of disulfide bridges of mabinlin were determined. Miraculin has the unusual property of modifying a sour taste into a sweet taste. Curculin elicits a sweet taste. In addition, water and sour substance elicit a sweet taste after curculin. Their amino acid sequences and subunit structures were determined. These proteins are expected to be used as low-calorie sweeteners.
Classification and analysis of lateral torque-vectoring differentials using velocity diagrams (2008)

This paper describes the classification and analysis of lateral torque-vectoring differentials using velocity diagrams, which are frequently used for the gear-shifting analysis of an automatic transmission. A lateral torque-vectoring differential is composed of the mechanism of torque vectoring from the right wheel to the left wheel, and the similar mechanism of torque vectoring from the left to the right. The analysis shows that, when only the mechanism part of one-way torque vectoring is considered, then the smallest number of the rotational elements composing the one-way torque-vectoring mechanism is four. This is the simplest mechanism. The mechanism is classified into seven kinds of mechanism, namely six clutch-type mechanisms and one brake-type mechanism. The expressions for the clutch torque for torque vectoring, the clutch slip speed, and the energy loss generated by clutch are presented for these mechanisms. As a result, the theoretical value of energy loss is completely the same in these seven kinds of mechanism in the ideal state, in which the transmission efficiency of gears, agitation loss, etc., are assumed to be neglected. Finally, from an actual mechanism design point of view, the best mechanism is evaluated.
Managing persistent objects in a multi-level store (1991)

This paper presents an architecture for a persistent object store in which multi-level storage is explicitly included. Traditionally, DBMSs have assumed that all accessible data resides on magnetic disk, and recently several researchers have begun to consider the possibility that significant amounts of data will occupy space in a main memory cache. We feel that future object managers will be called on to manage very large object bases in which time critical objects reside in main memory, other objects are disk resident, and the remainder occupy tertiary memory. Moreover, h is possible that more than three levels will be presen~and that some of these levels will be on remote hzdware. 'lMs paper contains an architectural proposal addressing these needs along with a sketch of the required query optimizer.
The Impact of Commitment Savings Accounts : The Case of Malawi (2011)

In order to understand the impact of facilitating access to savings accounts and to examine the importance of these barriers for formal savings, author designed a field experiment among smallholder cash crop farmers in Malawi. In partnership with a local microfinance institution, author randomized offers of account-opening and deposit assistance for formal savings accounts. In order to test the importance of individual self-control problems or pressure to share resources with others in the social network, treated farmers were randomly assigned to one of two types of savings interventions. The first group was offered an 'ordinary' bank account with standard features. The second group was offered the ordinary account as well as a 'commitment' savings account.
Examining Students' After-School Literacy Activities and Their Literacy Performance on the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (2009)

This study examined relationships between the after?school literacy activities and test performance of students who passed and students who failed the 2003 administration of the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test. It included both students who have been in the Canadian school system for most of their school lives and mostly use English as a first language (L1), and students who have recently entered the Canadian school system and use English as a second language (L2). This study demonstrates the relatively small yet complex relationship between the test performance of these different groups of students on this literacy test and their after-school reading and writing activities.
Surface-Bound Soft Matter Gradients (2008)

This feature article describes the progress realized over the past half century in the field of surface-bound gradient structures created on or from soft materials (oligomers and/or polymers), or those enabling the study of the behavior of soft materials. By highlighting our work in the field and accounting for the contribution of other groups, we emphasize the exceptional versatility of gradient assemblies in facilitating fast screening of physicochemical phenomena, acting as "recording media" for monitoring a process, and playing a key role in the design and fabrication of surface-bound molecular and macromolecular motors capable of directing a transport phenomenon.
Reforming computing education with new web technologies (2007)

The recent movement of Web 2.0 and the technologies beneath it provide opportunities to reform our educational environments. This paper discusses how to use these new technologies to develop our next generation educational environments that will foster deep learning. To demonstrate the potential impact of these new technologies on computing education, we introduce the architectural design of BRIDGE, our ongoing development of an integrated, collaborative educational environment that is capable of connecting computing theories and industrial practices. We hope that the concept of our design will inspire new developments of such collaborative educational systems.
High-efficiency high-power-density 48/1V sigma converter voltage regulator module (2017)

A high efficiency and high power density sigma converter for 48/1V voltage regulator module (VRM) is proposed in this paper. The Sigma converter is a quasi-parallel converter that uses a high efficiency unregulated converter to deliver most power to the load with small power flowing through buck converter responsible for regulating the output voltage. The unregulated isolated converter is LLC converter designed with matrix transformer structure integrating 4 transformers in one core structure with integrating the Synchronous Rectifiers (SRs) with the winding to minimize the termination losses of the transformer so a high efficiency can be achieved. The buck converter is designed with discrete GaN devices and PCB winding inductor to regulate the output voltage. The designed Sigma converter is 48/1V-80A achieving a power density of 420W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and maximum efficiency of 93.4%.
Filtering of colored noise for speech enhancement and coding (1991)

Scalar and vector Kalman filters are implemented for filtering speech contaminated by additive white noise or colored noise, and an iterative signal and parameter estimator which can be used for both noise types is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the removal of colored noise, such as helicopter noise, by using state-of-the-art colored-noise-assumption Kalman filters. The results indicate that the colored noise Kalman filters provide a significant gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a visible improvement in the sound spectrogram, and an audible improvement in output speech quality, none of which are available with white-noise-assumption Kalman and Wiener filters. When the filter is used as a prefilter for linear predictive coding, the coded output speech quality and intelligibility are enhanced in comparison to direct coding of the noisy speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unique Insertion Mechanisms of Bis-dehydro-β-diketiminato Silylene (2011)

The unique insertion reactions of the first, stable six-membered-ring silylene ({HC[CMeN(R)]2}Si, R = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with eight reactants were investigated by the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ method. The initial step (IS) of all the reactions is the formation of an intermediate 1,4-adduct, IM, which will be then the starting point toward the different final states (FS). In this study three different mechanisms were found and studied to the 1,4-adduct and six reaction paths from the 1,4-adduct to the final products. On the basis of the results, the different reaction paths, the experimental insertion products, and the special reactivity of the six-membered-ring silylene have been explained.
Intracavernous Self-Injection with Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Phentolamine in the Management of Erectile Failure (1992)

A total of 52 men, median age 55 years (range 28 to 74 years), with erectile failure was treated with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and phentolamine. Impotence was classified as psychogenic in 3 patients, psychogenic/arteriogenic in 3, arteriogenic in 25, arteriogenic/neurogenic in 4, neurogenic in 5, venous leakage/psychogenic in 2, venous leakage/neurogenic in 1 and following venous leak surgery in 9. The patients were treated with 30 micrograms vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and 0.5 to 2.0 mg. phentolamine. A total of 1,380 self-injections was given and the number of injections per patient varied from 5 to 245. No patient had priapism, corporeal fibrosis or other serious complications. After sexual stimulation all patients obtained erection sufficient for penetration. Following ejaculation rigidity decreased normally. The median duration of treatment was 6 months (range 1 to 22). Nine patients discontinued treatment. One patient with severe arteriosclerosis experienced decreased effectiveness of the drug and received a penile prosthesis. Five patients elected not to perform self-injection any longer, 1 psychogenic impotent patient was cured, and 1 patient discontinued therapy due to palpitation and sweating. One patient died of a myocardial infarction not associated with this therapy.
A `Center-Wobbling' Ultrasonic Rotary Motor Using a Metal Tube-Piezoelectric Plate Composite Stator (2002)

This paper demonstrates a new type of compact ultrasonic motor that operates using a wobbling mode of motion. The motor was driven by a piezoelectric composite stator that consisted of a hollow metal cylinder whose outside surface was flattened on two sides at 90° to each other, upon which two rectangular piezoelectric plates were bonded. A wobbling motion was generated at both ends and at the center of the stator upon application of a sinusoidal voltage to each piezoelectric plate (which were phase shifted by 90° with each other). Results showed that the flexural displacement at the stator's center was ∼ 4 × that at its ends. Consequently, the stator could drive a rotor using a center wobbling motion. Our prototype motor had a significantly higher driving force than conventional end driven stators. The prototype was 4.7 mm in diameter and 20 mm in length, having a rotor 20 mm in diameter. The prototype operated at 46 kHz, had a maximum torque output of ∼ 50 mNm, and had a no-load rotational speed of 70 rpm in both directions. The prototype was also found to be suitable for precision actuation applications.
Absence of Calsequestrin 2 Causes Severe Forms of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (2002)

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare arrhythmogenic disorder characterized by syncopal events and sudden cardiac death at a young age during physical stress or emotion, in the absence of structural heart disease. We report the first nonsense mutations in the cardiac calsequestrin gene, CASQ2, in three CPVT families. The three mutations, a nonsense R33X, a splicing 532+1 G>A, and a 1-bp deletion, 62delA, are thought to induce premature stop codons. Two patients who experienced syncopes before the age of 7 years were homozygous carriers, suggesting a complete absence of calsequestrin 2. One patient was heterozygous for the stop codon and experienced syncopes from the age of 11 years. Despite the different mutations, there is little phenotypic variation of CPVT for the CASQ2 mutations. Of the 16 heterozygous carriers of these various mutations, 14 were devoid of clinical symptoms or ECG anomalies, whereas 2 of them had ventricular arrhythmias at ECG on exercise tests. In line with this, the diagnosis of the probands was difficult because of the absence of a positive family history. In conclusion, these additional three CASQ2 CPVT families suggest that CASQ2 mutations are more common than previously thought and produce a severe form of CPVT. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Structural Basis of the Tight Binding of Pyridoxal 5‘-Phosphate to a Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase<sup>†</sup> (1999)

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) binds tightly to bovine low Mr protein tyrosine phosphatase (BPTP), but it is a very poor substrate for the enzyme. The structural basis of this tight binding of PLP is examined here by a variety of methods. Binding constants of a number of PLP analogues were measured with wild-type BPTP, and PLP binding constants of some site-specific mutants of BPTP were determined at pH 5.0 through the use of several independent methods. The tight binding of PLP (Ki = 7.6 microM) causes a downfield shift of the His-72 Cepsilon1H resonance in the 1H NMR spectrum of the protein, consistent with a structural alteration in the phosphate binding loop transmitted through a complex hydrogen bond network that exists between His-72 and Asn-15, which is a residue in the phosphate binding loop. 1H NMR spectroscopy with an MLEV-17 spectral editing scheme was used to monitor the aldehyde resonance of PLP during titration of a catalytically inactive C12A mutant of BPTP. The aldehydic proton resonance of PLP shifted from 10.43 to 10.26 ppm upon complex formation with the C12A mutant. This resonance occurs far from the region where a hemithioacetal hydrogen would be expected to appear, consistent with the conclusion that the Cys-17 side chain of BPTP does not add to the aldehyde group of PLP. UV-visible spectrophotometric titration also supported this conclusion. The binding constant of PLP to a C17A mutant was similar to that exhibited with wild-type protein. These results show that Cys-17 makes virtually no contribution to the tight binding of PLP by BPTP, in contrast to a published report that it is "essential" for binding PLP. On the other hand, Asp-129 of BPTP was found to be very important for binding PLP. It is concluded that Asp-129 binds to the pyridinium nitrogen of PLP and that this renders Asp-129 effectively unavailable to serve its essential catalytic role as a general acid. The interactions described here should be useful in the design of specific inhibitors of this and related phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatases.
Wide-Aperture Seismic Reflection Profiles across the Barbados Ridge Complex (1990)

Wide-aperture seismic reflection profiles across the Barbados Ridge complex reveal the internal structure of the accretionary wedge as well as its overall geometry. In the north, where the wedge is only 100 km wide, the oceanic crustal reflection can be imaged westward beneath the entire accretionary wedge to a point where it meets an eastward-dipping reflection from the forearc basement. Farther south, where the wedge is as much as 300 km wide, the top of oceanic crust can be imaged 100 km west from the toe of the wedge, separated from the decollement by as much as 1 second of underthrust sediments. In the easternmost 50 km of the wedge near latitude 14 20'N, eastward-verging thrusts and folds are imaged above the decollement. An eastward-dipping backthrust is imaged 110 km west of the toe of the wedge. Farther south at the latitude of Barbados, eastward-verging thrust packets are imaged 100 km west of the toe of the wedge.
Treatment Considerations for Cancer Pain: A Global Perspective (2014)

Cancer pain is prevalent, undertreated, and feared by patients with cancer. In April 2013, a panel of pain experts convened in Singapore to address the treatment of cancer pain. They discussed the various types of cancer pain, including breakthrough pain, which is sometimes clinically confused with analgesic gaps. Reasons for undertreating cancer pain include attitudes of patients, clinicians, and factors associated with healthcare systems. The consequences of not treating cancer pain may include reduced quality of life for patients with cancer (who now live longer than ever), functional decline, and increased psychological stress. Early analgesic intervention for cancer pain may reduce the risk of central sensitization and chronification of pain. To manage pain in oncology patients, clinicians should assess pain during regular follow-up visits using validated pain measurement tools and follow prescribing guidelines, if necessary referring patients with cancer to pain specialists. Many patients with cancer require opioids for pain relief. Pain associated with cancer may also relate to cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Many patients with cancer are what might be considered "special populations," in that they may be elderly, frail, comorbid, or have end-stage organ failure. Specific pain therapy guidelines for those populations are reviewed. Patients with cancer with a history of or active substance abuse disorder deserve pain control but may require close medical supervision. While much "treatment inertia" exists in cancer pain control, cancer pain can be safely and effectively managed and should be carried out to alleviate suffering and improve outcomes.
Nuclear Lamins a and B1 (2000)

At the end of mitosis, the nuclear lamins assemble to form the nuclear lamina during nuclear envelope formation in daughter cells. We have fused A- and B-type nuclear lamins to the green fluorescent protein to study this process in living cells. The results reveal that the A- and B-type lamins exhibit different pathways of assembly. In the early stages of mitosis, both lamins are distributed throughout the cytoplasm in a diffusible (nonpolymerized) state, as demonstrated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). During the anaphase-telophase transition, lamin B1 begins to become concentrated at the surface of the chromosomes. As the chromosomes reach the spindle poles, virtually all of the detectable lamin B1 has accumulated at their surfaces. Subsequently, this lamin rapidly encloses the entire perimeter of the region containing decondensing chromosomes in each daughter cell. By this time, lamin B1 has assembled into a relatively stable polymer, as indicated by FRAP analyses and insolubility in detergent/high ionic strength solutions. In contrast, the association of lamin A with the nucleus begins only after the major components of the nuclear envelope including pore complexes are assembled in daughter cells. Initially, lamin A is found in an unpolymerized state throughout the nucleoplasm of daughter cell nuclei in early G1 and only gradually becomes incorporated into the peripheral lamina during the first few hours of this stage of the cell cycle. In later stages of G1, FRAP analyses suggest that both green fluorescent protein lamins A and B1 form higher order polymers throughout interphase nuclei.
Suppressors of transcriptional transgenic silencing in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents and reactivate transposable elements (2002)

In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the epigenetic silencing of transgenes occurs, as in land plants, at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In the case of single-copy transgenes, transcriptional silencing takes place without detectable cytosine methylation of the introduced DNA. We have isolated two mutant strains, Mut-9 and Mut-11, that reactivate expression of a transcriptionally silenced single-copy transgene. These suppressors are deficient in the repression of a DNA transposon and a retrotransposon-like element. In addition, the mutants show enhanced sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, particularly radiomimetic chemicals inducing DNA double-strand breaks. All of these phenotypes are much more prominent in a double mutant strain. These observations suggest that multiple partly redundant epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the repression of transgenes and transposons in eukaryotes, presumably as components of a system that evolved to preserve genomic stability. Our results also raise the possibility of mechanistic connections between epigenetic transcriptional silencing and DNA double-strand break repair.
Single Cell Visualization of Yeast Gene Expression Shows Correlation of Epigenetic Switching between Multiple Heterochromatic Regions through Multiple Generations (2013)

Differences in gene expression between individual cells can be mediated by epigenetic regulation; thus, methods that enable detailed analyses of single cells are crucial to understanding this phenomenon. In this study, genomic silencing regions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are subject to epigenetic regulation, including the HMR, HML, and telomere regions, were investigated using a newly developed single cell analysis method. This method uses fluorescently labeled proteins to track changes in gene expression over multiple generations of a single cell. Epigenetic control of gene expression differed depending on the specific silencing region at which the reporter gene was inserted. Correlations between gene expression at the HMR-left and HMR-right regions, as well as the HMR-right and HML-right regions, were observed in the single-cell level; however, no such correlations involving the telomere region were observed. Deletion of the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 gene from a yeast strain carrying a fluorescent reporter gene at the HMR-left region reduced the frequency of changes in gene expression over a generation. The results presented here suggest that epigenetic control within an individual cell is reversible and can be achieved via regulation of histone acetyltransferase activity.
A current conveyor-based relaxation oscillator as a versatile electronic interface for capacitive and resistive sensors (2005)

A new electronic interface circuit is presented. The circuit is built around a single plus-type second-generation current conveyor (CCII+) and can be used with resistive, capacitive and resistive-capacitive sensors. Experimental results are provided.
Measurement of the Ion Temperature in Laser-Driven Fusion (1975)

Using the time-of-flight technique, energy distribution measurements were made of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles emitted from laser implosions of DT gas in glass microshells. The number of nuclear reactions was determined by an absolute measurement of the number of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles. From the width of the energy distributions, upper limits of the plasma ion temperature have been inferred.
Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Microorganisms (1992)

[in Japanese]