gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Some Novel Quinoline-3-carboxylic Acids and Pyrimidoquinoline Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents (2002)

The synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of several quinoline and pyrimidoquinoline derivatives are described. Treatment of 7-substituted quinolin-2(1H)-one-3-carboxylic acids 2a-c with phosphoryl chloride or thionyl chloride gave rise to the 7-substituted 2-chloroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids 3a-c and 7-substituted 2-chloro-3-chlorocarbonylquinolines 5a-c respectively. The 2-chloro function in compounds 3a-c was replaced by 2-aminothiazole or 2-aminopyridine to give 2-(thiazol-2-yl)aminoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids 4a-c or 2-(pyrid-2-yl)aminoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids 4d-f. Treatment of 5a-c with the same heterocyclic amines at room temperature furnished the corresponding 7-substituted 2-chloro-3-heteryl-aminocarbonylquinolines 6a-f. The tetracyclic 9-substituted thiazolo[3', 2':1, 2]-pyrimido[4, 5-b]quinolin-5-ones 7a-c and 10-substituted pyrido[1', 2':1, 2]-pyrimido[4, 5-b]quinolin-6-ones 7d-f were synthesized by heating 5a-c with the heterocyclic amines in toluene or by heating 6a-f under reflux in dimethylformamide. The products were evaluated in vitro for potential antimicrobial activity.
Fundamental characterization studies of GaSb solar cells (2002)

Measured forward and reverse current versus voltage curves for GaSb cells at various temperatures and for different substrate dopant densities are modeled. The authors show that tunneling across a lower bandgap for reverse-biased GaSb cells allows nondestructive reverse current flow at low voltages. Thus, the GaSb IR cell doubles as a bypass diode, providing shading protection for the GaAs cell. Measured GaSb quantum yield curves are also modeled, and the resultant minority carrier diffusion lengths are compared with electron beam induced current measurements. It is found that the GaSb cell properties are consistent with predictions based on a direct gap single-crystal material.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Social Recommendation with Cross-Domain Transferable Knowledge (2015)

Recommender systems can suffer from data sparsity and cold start issues. However, social networks, which enable users to build relationships and create different types of items, present an unprecedented opportunity to alleviate these issues. In this paper, we represent a social network as a star-structured hybrid graph centered on a social domain, which connects with other item domains. With this innovative representation, useful knowledge from an auxiliary domain can be transferred through the social domain to a target domain. Various factors of item transferability, including popularity and behavioral consistency, are determined. We propose a novel Hybrid Random Walk (HRW) method, which incorporates such factors, to select transferable items in auxiliary domains, bridge cross-domain knowledge with the social domain, and accurately predict user-item links in a target domain. Extensive experiments on a real social dataset demonstrate that HRW significantly outperforms existing approaches.
A collision mitigation system using laser scanner and stereovision fusion and its assessment (2005)

Road traffic incidents analysis has shown that 52% of them are caused by a collision between two vehicles or between a vehicle and an obstacle. In this paper, a collision mitigation system is proposed and evaluated towards various typical road situations. The aim of the system is to decrease the kinetic energy of the collision through automatic emergency braking that occurs 1 second before the collision. This emergency braking is triggered by an alarm coming from a decision unit taking into consideration the results of a generic obstacles detection system -based on fusion between stereovision and laser scanner- and a warning area in front of the vehicle. The different sub-systems are presented. Various typical dangerous road situations are then introduced. The behavior of the collision mitigation system towards these situations is presented through real tests carried out in the context of the ARCOS French project. These experiments show the reliability, the genericity and the efficiency of the system. In particular, the false alarm rate is low, the detection rate is high and the system proves to be reactive.
Feverfew and Vascular Smooth Muscle: Extracts from Fresh and Dried Plants Show Opposing Pharmacological Profiles, Dependent upon Sesquiterpene Lactone Content (1993)

Preparations of fresh or dried feverfew (Chrysanthemum parthenium) are widely consumed in the U.K. as a remedy for arthritis and migraine, but the pharmacological basis for this has not been established. We have, therefore, compared the properties of extracts of fresh plants with those of dried powdered leaves available commercially from health food shops. The two extracts differed radically in their content of alpha-methylbutyrolactones and in their pharmacological profile when tested in vitro on the rabbit aortic ring and rat anococcygeus preparations. Extracts of fresh leaves caused does- and time-dependent inhibition of the contractile responses of aortic rings to all receptor-acting agonists so far tested; the effects were irreversible and may represent a toxic modification of post-receptor contractile function in the smooth muscle. The presence of potentially -SH reactive parthenolide and other sesquiterpene alphamethylenebutyrolactones in these extracts, and the close parallelism of the actions of pure parthenolide, suggest that the inhibitory effects are due to these compounds. In contrast , chloroform extracts of dried powdered leaves were not inhibitory but themselves elicited potent and sustained contractions of aortic smooth muscle that were not antagonised by ketanserin (5-HT2 receptor antagonist). These extracts did not contain parthenolide or butyrolactones according to a chemical-HPLC assay, We conclude that there are marked differences in the pharmacological potency and profiles between preparations from fresh and dried feverfew and that this may relate to their lactone content. As the effects of the lactones are potentially toxic, it will be necessary to compare the clinical profiles and side effects of preparations obtained from the two sources.
EAACI/GA²LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: management of urticaria (2009)

This guideline, together with its sister guideline on the classification of urticaria (Zuberbier T, Asero R, Bindslev-Jensen C, Canonica GW, Church MK, Giménez-Arnau AM et al. EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF/WAO Guideline: definition, classification and diagnosis of urticaria. Allergy 2009;64: 1417-1426), is the result of a consensus reached during a panel discussion at the Third International Consensus Meeting on Urticaria, Urticaria 2008, a joint initiative of the Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the EU-funded network of excellence, the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and the World Allergy Organization (WAO). As members of the panel, the authors had prepared their suggestions regarding management of urticaria before the meeting. The draft of the guideline took into account all available evidence in the literature (including Medline and Embase searches and hand searches of abstracts at international allergy congresses in 2004-2008) and was based on the existing consensus reports of the first and the second symposia in 2000 and 2004. These suggestions were then discussed in detail among the panel members and with the over 200 international specialists of the meeting to achieve a consensus using a simple voting system where appropriate. Urticaria has a profound impact on the quality of life and effective treatment is, therefore, required. The recommended first line treatment is new generation, nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines. If standard dosing is not effective, increasing the dosage up to four-fold is recommended. For patients who do not respond to a four-fold increase in dosage of nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines, it is recommended that second-line therapies should be added to the antihistamine treatment. In the choice of second-line treatment, both their costs and risk/benefit profiles are most important to consider. Corticosteroids are not recommended for long-term treatment due to their unavoidable severe adverse effects. This guideline was acknowledged and accepted by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS).
A Switch-Level Timing Verifier for Digital MOS VLSI (1985)

Crystal is a timing verification program for digital nMOS and CMOS circuits. Using the circuit extracted from a mask set, the program determines the length of each clock phase and pinpoints the longest paths. Crystal can process circuits with about 40 000 transistors in about 20-30 min of VAX-11/780 CPU time. The program uses a switch-level approach in which the circuit is decomposed into chains of switches called stages. A depth-first search, with pruning, is used to trace out stages and locate the critical paths. Bidirectional pass transistor arrays are handled by having the designer tag such structures with flow control information, which is used by Crystal to avoid endless searches. Delays are computed on a stage-by-stage basis, using a simple resistor-switch model based on rise-time ratios (a measure of how fully turned-on the transistors in the stage are). The delay modeler executes 10 000 times as fast as SPICE, yet produces delay estimates that are typically within 10 percent of SPICE for digital circuits.
Measurement and Control of Strategic Risk-Taking Capacity (2009)

Nowadays internal control is treated the same as risk management and forms an important part of strategic decision making, but putting strategic internal control into practice is difficult. This is mainly because the way to measure risk and the point where to control it are hard to determine. This report suggests to more realistically look at the sum-effect of all risks, from the perspective of finance. A simple model is presented based on system dynamics, giving a complete view of the total financial risk-taking capacity of an enterprise. In combination with a unified organization to coordinate the whole internal control system, this will greatly assist company in achieving its business' strategic vision.
SCINTILLATING SCOTOMA (1945)

London, England *An abridgment of the material. “A Case of Scotoma Scintillans,” presented in the Optician, (London), Vol. 107, p. 19, 1944.
The <i>miaA</i> Mutator Phenotype of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Requires Recombination Functions (2001)

miaA mutants, which contain A-37 instead of the ms(2)i(6)A-37 hypermodification in their tRNA, show a moderate mutator phenotype leading to increased GC-->TA transversion. We show that the miaA mutator phenotype is dependent on recombination functions similar to, but not exactly the same as, those required for translation stress-induced mutagenesis.
Graft-induced behavioral recovery in an animal model of Huntington disease. (1986)

Bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the anteromedial neostriatum produce neuropathological and behavioral changes in rats that are characterized by locomotor hyperactivity and severe maze learning impairments, which can be viewed as analogous to changes seen in Huntington disease. Grafts of fetal striatal neurons, implanted either into the lesioned striatum or into the denervated globus pallidus, reduced both the learning impairments and the locomotor hyperactivity, probably via different mechanisms. The results demonstrate the capacity of neural implants for functional neuronal replacement and promotion of functional recovery after damage to a major telencephalic structure participating in complex cognitive and motoric behaviors.
Methylglyoxal‐bis(guanylhydrazone)‐resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells: Genetic evidence that more than a single locus controls uptake (1988)

Chinese hamster ovary cells spontaneously resistant to the cytotoxic action of methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) have been isolated in a multistep selection scheme. A low-level resistant isolate has been shown to be defective in the ability to accumulate the drug intracellularly. This was reflected in a 10-fold lower Vmax than wild-type cells for drug uptake as well as a slight enhancement of drug efflux. More highly resistant isolates selected from this low-level resistant isolate were totally deficient in the ability to take up the drug. A partial revertant, selected from this low-level resistant isolate, retained some change in the Vmax for uptake but lost the accelerated rate of efflux characteristic of the low-level resistant line. Genetic analysis by somatic cell hybridization indicated that the low-level resistant phenotype was recessive to the wild-type phenotype. In addition, the low-level resistant phenotype could be complemented by a previously isolated highly resistant cell also defective in drug uptake (Mandel and Flintoff (1978) J. Cell. Physiol., 97: 335-344). Taken together, these data suggest that more than one locus controls drug uptake in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Endothelium‐dependent vascular smooth muscle relaxation activated by electrical field stimulation (1997)

Electrical field stimulation (EFS) produced relaxation of contracted arteries in the presence of tetrodotoxin. In the present study the contributions of vascular smooth muscle repolarization and endothelial release of nitric oxide to the relaxation response were investigated using isolated rat tail arteries and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Intact and endothelium-denuded rings or intact, pressurized artery segments were contracted with either phenylephrine or KCl prior to EFS. Electrical field stimulation induced a small relaxation in denuded, phenylephrine contracted rings that was inhibited by the K+ channel blockers glibenclamide and BaCl2. In intact, phenylephrine-contracted rings, EFS induced significantly larger relaxations that were inhibited by BaCl2 as well as by L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and methylene blue. EFS-induced relaxations were completely inhibited when BaCl2 and L-NAME or methylene blue were combined. Exposure to Ca(2+)-free buffer or diltiazem also inhibited the relaxation while ascorbic acid had no effect. Effluent from electrically stimulated BAEC caused denuded, phenylephrine contracted rings to relax. The ability of the effluent to cause relaxation was almost completely blocked by exposure of the BAEC to L-NAME or exposure of the recipient vascular smooth muscle to methylene blue; glibenclamide caused partial blockade. Simultaneous measurements of membrane potential and intraluminal pressure showed that EFS-induced membrane repolarization preceded changes in steady-state pressure. It is concluded that (1) the smooth muscle cells possess an endothelium-independent repolarization mechanism, (2) EFS causes endothelial cells of intact arteries to release NO and possibly a hyperpolarizing factor, (3) EFS of BAEC causes release of NO, and (4) EFS-induced relaxation depends on vascular smooth muscle cell membrane repolarization and endothelial cell release of vasoactive substances.
Multi-Input Converter with MPPT Feature for Wind-PV Power Generation System (2013)

A multi-input converter (MIC) to process wind-PV power is proposed, designed, analyzed, simulated, and implemented. The MIC cannot only process solar energy but deal with wind power, of which structure is derived from forward-type DC/DC converter to step-down/up voltage for charger systems, DC distribution applications, or grid connection. The MIC comprises an upper modified double-ended forward, a lower modified double-ended forward, a common output inductor, and a DSP-based system controller. The two modified double-ended forwards can operate individually or simultaneously so as to accommodate the variation of the hybrid renewable energy under different atmospheric conditions. While the MIC operates at interleaving mode, better performance can be achieved and volume also is reduced. The proposed MIC is capable of recycling the energy stored in the leakage inductance and obtaining high step-up output voltage. In order to draw maximum power from wind turbine and PV panel, perturb-and-observe method is adopted to achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) feature. The MIC is constructed, analyzed, simulated, and tested. Simulations and hardware measurements have demonstrated the feasibility and functionality of the proposed multi-input converter.
Risk Factors of System Clotting in Heparin-Free Haemodialysis (1990)

Heparin-free haemodialysis must be considered for all dialysis patients with a risk of haemorrhage. This technique is associated with increased danger of system coagulation with a blood loss of up to 250 ml. In 84 patients with a risk of haemorrhage, 296 heparin-free haemodialyses were recorded prospectively. First signs of coagulation were found very much more frequently in the venous airtrap than in the dialyser (146 vs 42). System coagulation occurred in 13 of the 296 dialyses (4%) and was prevented by prophylactic switching of the system and dialyser in 140 dialyses (47%). The time of system coagulation was on average 1.8 hours (+/- 0.2) after the beginning of dialysis. The 13 patients with system coagulation had a reduced blood flow on dialysis (217 +/- 52 vs 240 +/- 36 ml/min). Their initially normal clotting time (12 +/- 5 vs 14 +/- 4 min) was more significantly shortened after 2 h (4 +/- 3 vs 8 +/- 3 min). The activities of antithrombin III (87 +/- 34% vs 88 +/- 39%) and protein C (66 +/- 45% vs 59 +/- 37%) do not differ from those of 47 other patients, even at the time of system coagulation, as measured in five patients (92 +/- 34% for antithrombin III, 51 +/- 29% for protein C). System coagulation and shortening of clotting time thus cannot be regarded as a consequence of absorption of these inhibitory factors of plasmatic coagulation. The danger of system coagulation in heparin-free haemodialysis could probably be further reduced by an improvement of the biocompatibility of systems (airtrap) and dialysers (less activation of thrombocytes).
Wide area optical backbone networks (1996)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.
Zeptomole-Detecting Biosensor for Alkaline Phosphatase in an Electrochemical Immunoassay for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1996)

A bienzyme substrate-recycling biosensor in a flow injection analysis system is described for the sensitive measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and applied to the fast readout of a competitive immunoassay for the widely used pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The phenol-indicating biosensor consists of a Clark-type electrode covered by a membrane with coentrapped tyrosinase and quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase. ALP dephosphorylates phenyl phosphate to phenol (K(m) = 36 microM) outside the flow system. Phenol is oxidized in the sensor membrane by the oxygen-consuming tyrosinase via catechol to o-quinone. The quinone is reconverted to catechol by glucose dehydrogenase. This substrate cycling results in a 350-fold amplified sensor response to phenol. The oxygen consumption of the enzyme couple in the presence of phenol is monitored as a decrease in current. A total of 3.2 fM ALP (320 zmol/ 100 microL) has been detected after a 57.5 min incubation with phenyl phosphate. All involved reagents are stable over the time of measurement. The sensor does not produce any measurable blank signals. The immunoassay detects 0.1 microgram/L 2,4-D, the maximum concentration for pesticides allowed in drinking water by European Community regulations. The applicability of this biosensor for fast immunoassay readout is demonstrated by a 2 min incubation. By comparison, a standard photometric method (p-nitrophenyl phosphate) requires overnight incubation.
Discs Large Homolog 1: Molecular Scaffolds Guiding T Cell Activation and Effector Function (2013)

Discs large homolog 1 (Dlgh1) is a scaffold protein that couples T cell receptor (TCR) engagement to signal transduction and cytoskeletal reorganization. Specifically, Dlgh1 directs Lck and ZAP70 kinase activity toward the selective activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and transcription factor NFAT. In addition, Dlgh1 controls actin polymerization, TCR and lipid raft clustering, and MTOC positioning during TCR engagement. The ability to selectively activate, integrate and tune these pathways may allow Dlgh1 to promote discrete cellular responses including: T cell differentiation, proliferation, cytokine production, cell-mediated cytotoxicity and memory generation. Therefore, understanding how Dlgh1 channels proximal TCR signals to specific downstream pathways to trigger distinct cellular responses in T cells requires 1) an understanding of how Dlgh1 is regulated by post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications, and 2) the development of a suitable Dlgh1 knockout (Dlgh1 KO) mouse model to assess Dlgh1 function in vivo.Alternative splicing and phosphorylation of Dlgh1 are post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications that regulate Dlgh1 localization, expression and function. We found that alternative splicing of Dlgh1 in CD8+ effector T cells resulted in the expression of two distinct Dlgh1 protein variants: Dlgh1 AB and Dlgh1 B. Further, these two Dlgh1 variants served as molecular conduits to drive distinct cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. While both Dlgh1 AB and Dlgh1 B promoted p38-independent lytic factor degranulation, which required actin polymerization and the cytoskeletal regulator WASp, only Dlgh1 AB coupled Lck to p38-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, this CTL effector function was found to require Lck-mediated Dlgh1 AB tyrosine phosphorylation at tyrosine 222, suggesting that Dlgh1 AB tyrosine phosphorylation may provide a unique mechanism to specifically regulate p38-dependent functions in T cells. Lastly, we found that acute inducible knockout of Dlgh1 in mature peripheral T cells prevented optimal T cell activation and effector function in CD8+ T cells, while knockout of Dlgh1 in the germline or developing T cells had little or no effect on T cell function. Together, these data suggests that the developmental timing of Dlgh1 ablation may be critical for observing Dlgh1-dependent functional effects. We propose that T lymphocytes construct functionally unique Dlgh1 AB/Lck/p38 and Dlgh1/WASp complexes as a mechanism to specifically direct proximal TCR signals towards distinct cellular responses.