gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE REACTION BETWEEN SULFOCHLORIDES AND ORGANOMAGNESIUM HALIDES (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION BETWEEN SULFOCHLORIDES AND ORGANOMAGNESIUM HALIDESHenry Gilman and Robert E. FothergillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 11, 3501–3508Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01386a049RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (481 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Host Identification via USB Fingerprinting (2011)

Determining a computer's identity is a challenge of critical importance to a forensics investigator. However, relay and impersonation attacks can defeat even computers that contain trusted computing hardware. In this paper, we consider how to leverage the virtually ubiquitous USB interface to uniquely identify computers based on the characteristics of their hardware, firmware, and software USB stacks. We use a USB protocol analyzer to collect data on 24 machines connected to a range of different USB devices, and demonstrate through machine learning classification techniques that we can differentiate not only between operating systems, but between seemingly unnoticeable differences in machine model types as well. We also show that we can differentiate between real and virtualized hosts responding to USB stimuli, and point to new ways of recognizing remote attacks. These results are a first step in showing that USB is a novel and effective means of identifying machines, and a valuable tool in the arsenal of a forensics kit.
Le modèle de l’école unique, l’égalité et la chouette de Minerve (2008)

Cet article analyse, aux côtés de facteurs contextuels externes, le rôle joué, dans la formation des inégalités de performances scolaires, par les caractéristiques des systèmes éducatifs (école unique ou filières, classes de niveau, libre choix de l’école). Pour chaque pays, les inégalités scolaires sont mesurées à la fois par la dispersion des scores individuels des élèves de 15 ans testés dans le cadre de l’enquête PISA 2006 et par le gradient social qui mesure, dans la même enquête, l’impact des caractéristiques socio-économiques familiales sur les performances scolaires. Cette recherche, qui repose sur une comparaison internationale inter-pays et inter-régions, vise à mettre en évidence les caractéristiques des régions en termes d’inégalités d’acquis scolaires ainsi que les paramètres des systèmes éducatifs qui peuvent les expliquer. La première partie de l’article montre que, malgré de légères différences, les pays qui constituent des unités géographiques, historiques ou culturelles, tendent à présenter des niveaux d’inégalités scolaires proches. Les pays anglophones – particulièrement les USA et le Royaume-Uni – et l’Europe continentale (Allemagne, Belgique…) présentent des inégalités scolaires élevées tandis que les Europes nordique et latine ainsi que les pays de l’Asie de l’Est sont caractérisés par des inégalités faibles. Dans une seconde partie, l’article adopte une approche comparative qualitative qui vise à mettre en évidence les caractéristiques des systèmes éducatifs qui peuvent expliquer ces différences régionales. Le groupe de pays présentant les plus faibles inégalités scolaires est caractérisé par un système d’école unique relativement uniforme ainsi que par de faibles pratiques de classes de niveau dans le secondaire inférieur.
Development of type I/II oligodendrocytes regulated by teneurin-4 in the murine spinal cord (2020)

In the spinal cord, the axonal tracts with various caliber sizes are myelinated by oligodendrocytes and function as high-velocity ways for motor and sensory nerve signals. In some neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, demyelination of small caliber axons is observed in the spinal cord. While type I/II oligodendrocytes among the four types are known to myelinate small diameter axons, their characteristics including identification of regulating molecules have not been understood yet. Here, we first found that in the wild-type mouse spinal cord, type I/II oligodendrocytes, positive for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), were located in the corticospinal tract, fasciculus gracilis, and the inside part of ventral funiculus, in which small diameter axons existed. The type I/II oligodendrocytes started to appear between postnatal day (P) 7 and 11. We further analyzed the type I/II oligodendrocytes in the mutant mice, whose small diameter axons were hypomyelinated due to the deficiency of teneurin-4. In the teneurin-4 deficient mice, type I/II oligodendrocytes were significantly reduced, and the onset of the defect was at P11. Our results suggest that CAII-positive type I/II oligodendrocytes myelinate small caliber axons in the spinal cord and teneurin-4 is the responsible molecule for the generation of type I/II oligodendrocytes.
Modified Printed Folded  /2 Dipole Antenna for DVB Applications (2007)

In this letter, we present a modified printed folded λ/2 dipole antenna design for Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) applications in UHF band (470-862 MHz). The arms of dipole are meandered to yield an asymmetrical structure. Wideband operation is obtained by increasing dipole-area. The impedance matching of the dipole structure is obtained by inserting some slots on the dipole-arms. This antenna combines omnidirectional radiation pattern and wide bandwidth in an easy-to-fabricate structure. The experimental results of the constructed prototype are presented.
Discovery of 4-((3′<i>R</i>,4′<i>S</i>,5′<i>R</i>)-6″-Chloro-4′-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1′-ethyl-2″-oxodispiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,3″-indoline]-5′-carboxamido)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic Acid (AA-115/APG-115): A Potent and Orally Active Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) Inhibitor in Clinical Development (2017)

We previously reported the design of spirooxindoles with two identical substituents at the carbon-2 of the pyrrolidine core as potent MDM2 inhibitors. In this paper we describe an extensive structure-activity relationship study of this class of MDM2 inhibitors, which led to the discovery of 60 (AA-115/APG-115). Compound 60 has a very high affinity to MDM2 (K<sub>i</sub> < 1 nM), potent cellular activity, and an excellent oral pharmacokinetic profile. Compound 60 is capable of achieving complete and long-lasting tumor regression in vivo and is currently in phase I clinical trials for cancer treatment.
Stress sensing performance using mechanoluminescence of SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Eu (SAOE) and SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Eu, Dy (SAOED) under mechanical loadings (2013)

In this paper, the stress sensing performance of two well-known mechanoluminescence (ML) sensing materials, (1) SrAl2O4:Eu (SAOE) and (2) SrAl2O4:Eu, Dy (SAOED), has been experimentally studied. Under the same input loadings and strain rates, changes of the light intensity have been characterized in terms of sensitivity, repeatability and linearity. Effects of the strain rate on the light intensity changes have also been investigated for both ML sensing materials. SAOED appears to perform better as an ML stress sensor than SAOE because it shows higher sensitivity and no saturation of light during the loading history. Although SAOE showed saturation of light emissions, its initial sensitivity to loading was higher than that of SAOED. Therefore, SAOE appears to be more suitable for sensors for monitoring dynamic active cracks.
Localization of the site of origin of postinfarction ventricular tachycardia by endocardial pace mapping. Body surface mapping compared with the 12-lead electrocardiogram. (1993)

These results demonstrate that application of the 62-lead instead of the 12-lead ECG during endocardial pace mapping enhances the localization resolution of this mapping technique and enables more precise identification of the site of arrhythmogenesis in the majority of compared postinfarction VT episodes.
Anti-bovine Prion protein RNA aptamer containing tandem GGA repeat interacts both with recombinant bovine prion protein and its β isoform with high affinity (2008)

In order to obtain RNA aptamers against bovine prion protein (bPrP), we carried out in vitro selection from RNA pools containing a 55-nucleotide randomized region to target recombinant bPrP. Most of obtained aptamers contained conserved GGA tandem repeats (GGA)(4) and aptamer #1 (apt #1) showed a high affinity for both bPrP and its beta isoform (bPrP-beta). The sequence of apt #1 suggested that it would have a G-quadruplex structure, which was confirmed using CD spectra in titration with KCl. A mutagenic study of this conserved region, and competitive assays, showed that the conserved (GGA)(4) sequence is important for specific binding to bPrP and bPrP-beta. Following 5'-biotinylation, aptamer #1 specifically detected PrP(c) in bovine brain homogenate in a Northwestern blotting assay. Protein deletion mutant analysis showed that the bPrP aptamer binds within 25-131 of the bPrP sequence. Interestingly, the minimized aptamer #1 (17 nt) showed greater binding to bPrP and bPrP-beta as compared to apt #1. This minimized form of aptamer #1 may therefore be useful in the detection of bPrP, diagnosis of prion disease, enrichment of bPr and ultimately in gaining a better understanding of prion diseases.
X-ray crystal structure of D-xylose isomerase at 4-A resolution. (1984)

The structure of D-xylose isomerase from Streptomyces rubiginosus has been determined at 4-A resolution using multiple isomorphous phasing techniques. The folding of the polypeptide chain has been established and consists of two structural domains. The larger domain consists of eight beta-strand alpha-helix (beta alpha) units arranged in a configuration similar to that found for triose phosphate isomerase, 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase, and pyruvate kinase. The smaller domain forms a loop away from the larger domain but overlapping the larger domain of another subunit so that a tightly bound dimer is formed. The tetramer then consists of two such dimers. The location of the active site in the enzyme has been tentatively identified from studies using a crystal grown from a solution containing the inhibitor xylitol.
Oxygen Tolerance Study of Photoinduced Electron Transfer–Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (PET-RAFT) Polymerization Mediated by Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (2014)

This study reports a highly efficient photoredox catalyst, Ru(bpy)3Cl2, capable of controlling the polymerization of methacrylates, acrylates, and acrylamides in the presence of thiocarbonylthio compounds via a photoinduced electron transfer–reversible addition–fragmentation chain (PET-RAFT) process. This polymerization technique was performed in a closed vessel in the presence or absence of air. Online Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FTNIR) was employed to monitor the monomer conversions of methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, and N,N′-dimethylacrylamide in the presence or absence of air. Interestingly, after an induction period, the polymerization proceeded in the presence of air to yield well-defined polymers (PDI < 1.20). The polymers were characterized by 1H NMR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Excellent end-group retention was also demonstrated by NMR, UV–vis, and successive chain extensions of the resulting homopolymers to yield diblock and multiblock copolymers (decablock copolymers).
Reconfigurable control of a free-flying space robot using neural networks (2005)

An experimental demonstration of a new, reconfigurable neural-network-based adaptive control system is presented. The system under control is a laboratory model of a free-flying space robot whose position and attitude are controlled using eight on-off air thrusters. The neural-network controller adapts in real-time to account for multiple destabilizing thruster failures. The adaptive control system is similar in structure to a conventional indirect adaptive control system. While a system identification process builds a model of the robot, a neural controller is trained concurrently using backpropagation to optimize performance using this model. The active controller is updated every few seconds, yielding quick adaptation. Stability is restored within 4 seconds, system identification is complete within 48 seconds, and near-optimal performance is achieved within 2 minutes.
Clinical experience in neurosurgery with absele: a new absorbable haemostatic bone sealant. (1980)

Control of bleeding from the cut end of bone in neurosurgery is a necessity. In certain clinical situations, control of bleeding may be difficult because of the underlying pathology. Existing methods of control of haemorrhage with standard bone wax can interfere with subsequent healing. This paper presents the clinical results in 259 patients in whom a new absorbable bone sealant, Absele, has been used. Absele is a paste made from stabilised fibrin and soluble collagen and absorbs totally with minimal tissue reaction in approximately three weeks.
Study of trabecular bone microstructure using spatial autocorrelation analysis (2005)

The spatial autocorrelation analysis method represents a powerful, new approach to quantitative characterization of structurally quasi-periodic anisotropic materials such as trabecular bone (TB). The method is applicable to grayscale images and thus does not require any preprocessing, such as segmentation which is difficult to achieve in the limited resolution regime of <i>in vivo</i> imaging. The 3D autocorrelation function (ACF) can be efficiently calculated using the Fourier transform. The resulting trabecular thickness and spacing measurements are robust to the presence of noise and produce values within the expected range as determined by other methods from μCT and μMRI datasets. TB features found from the ACF are shown to correlate well with those determined by the Fuzzy Distance transform (FDT) in the transverse plane, i.e. the plane orthogonal to bone’s major axis. The method is further shown to be applicable to in-vivo μMRI data. Using the ACF, we examine data acquired in a previous study aimed at evaluating the structural implications of male hypogonadism characterized by testosterone deficiency and reduced bone mass. Specifically, we consider the hypothesis that eugonadal and hypogonadal men differ in the anisotropy of their trabecular networks. The analysis indicates a significant difference in trabecular bone thickness and longitudinal spacing between the control group and the testosterone deficient group. We conclude that spatial autocorrelation analysis is able to characterize the 3D structure and anisotropy of trabecular bone and provides new insight into the structural changes associated with osteoporotic trabecular bone loss.
A tactile shape sensing and display system for teleoperated manipulation (2002)

This paper presents a system for relaying distributed tactile information from the finger tips of a remote manipulator to the finger tips of a human teleoperator. Tactile array sensors measure the pressure distribution at the contact between the robot hand and the grasped object. A computer samples this pressure signal and applies signal processing algorithms. The resulting signal drives a tactile shape display mounted on the master manipulator. This device raises an array of pins against the operator's finger tip skin to recreate the object shape. This system has been tested on a force-reflecting teleoperated hand. Experiments confirm the system's ability to convey significant contact information.
Kinetics of Hyperbranched Polystyrenes by Free Radical Polymerization of Photofunctional Inimer (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTKinetics of Hyperbranched Polystyrenes by Free Radical Polymerization of Photofunctional InimerKoji Ishizu, Yoshihiro Ohta, and Susumu KawauchiView Author Information Department of Organic Materials and Macromolecules, International Research Center of Polymer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 9, 3781–3784Publication Date (Web):March 27, 2002Publication History Received4 December 2001Revised20 February 2002Published online27 March 2002Published inissue 1 April 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma012109chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma012109cbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views488Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Polymerization,Polymers,Radical polymerization,Vinyl Get e-Alerts
Evolving large scale UAV communication system (2012)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have traditionally been used for short duration missions involving surveillance or military operations. Advances in batteries, photovoltaics and electric motors though, will soon allow large numbers of small, cheap, solar powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to fly long term missions at high altitudes. This will revolutionize the way UAVs are used, allowing them to form vast communication networks. However, to make effective use of thousands (and perhaps millions) of UAVs owned by numerous disparate institutions, intelligent and robust coordination algorithms are needed, as this domain introduces unique congestion and signal-to-noise issues. In this paper, we present a solution based on evolutionary algorithms to a specific ad-hoc communication problem, where UAVs communicate to ground-based customers over a single wide-spectrum communication channel. To maximize their bandwidth, UAVs need to optimally control their output power levels and orientation. Experimental results show that UAVs using evolutionary algorithms in combination with appropriately shaped evaluation functions can form a robust communication network and perform 180% better than a fixed baseline algorithm as well as 90% better than a basic evolutionary algorithm.
Direct regulation of pituitary proopiomelanocortin by STAT3 provides a novel mechanism for immuno-neuroendocrine interfacing (2000)

Neuroendocrine ACTH secretion responds to peripheral inflammatory and stress signals. We previously demonstrated that the proinflammatory cytokine, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), affects the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) by stimulating in vitro and in vivo pituitary proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression and ACTH secretion and by potentiating the action of hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). Whereas pathways shown thus far to regulate POMC expression exclusively involve cAMP or calcium, we here describe a direct and indirect STAT3-dependent regulation of POMC transcription by LIF. Using progressive 5'-deletions of POMC promoter, we identified a LIF-responsive -407/-301 region that contains two juxtaposed sequences within -399/-379 related to a STAT3 DNA-binding motif. Each sequence within -399/-379 separately corresponds to a low-affinity and direct binding site for STAT3, but, in combination, these sequences bind STAT3 cooperatively and with high affinity. Moreover, LIF-activated STAT3 indirectly mediates LIF corticotroph action by inducing and potentiating CRH-induced c-fos and JunB expression and binding to the POMC AP-1 element. We therefore conclude that both a direct and indirect route mediate LIF-induced STAT3 activation of POMC transcription. Demonstration of STAT3-dependent regulation of the POMC gene represents a powerful mechanism for immuno-neuroendocrine interfacing and implies a direct stimulation of ACTH secretion by inflammatory and stress-derived STAT3-inducing cytokines.
Synchrotron-radiation-stimulated etching of SiO<sub>2</sub>thin films with a tungsten nano-pillar mask (2006)

A nano-pattern of SiO(2) on a Si (100) surface has been demonstrated by synchrotron-radiation-stimulated etching with a tungsten nano-pillar mask. The reaction gas was a mixture of SF(6) and O(2). The mask was fabricated using a focused ion beam with W(CO)(6) as the source gas. The width and height of the tungsten nano-pillar were approximately 80 nm and 160 nm, respectively. Synchrotron radiation irradiation with flowing SF(6) and O(2) effectively etches the silicon dioxide, and the etching process followed the surface photochemical reaction. The etched surface was very flat, and no undercutting occurred during the etching process.
The Pseudo-Response Regulator <i>Ppd-H1</i> Provides Adaptation to Photoperiod in Barley (2005)

Plants commonly use photoperiod (day length) to control the timing of flowering during the year, and variation in photoperiod response has been selected in many crops to provide adaptation to different environments and farming practices. Positional cloning identified Ppd-H1, the major determinant of barley photoperiod response, as a pseudo-response regulator, a class of genes involved in circadian clock function. Reduced photoperiod responsiveness of the ppd-H1 mutant, which is highly advantageous in spring-sown varieties, is explained by altered circadian expression of the photoperiod pathway gene CONSTANS and reduced expression of its downstream target, FT, a key regulator of flowering.