gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Distinct Precursors of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Endothelial Progenitors Characterized by the PCLP1 Expression. (2005)

Abstract Blood cells and endothelia are believed to arise from their common progenitor hemangioblast. However, it still remains unknown how these lineages develop. Here we report the existence of two distinct precursors for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and endothelial progenitors in murine fetal liver (FL). Podocalyxin-like protein 1 (PCLP1) is a member of the sialomucin family and was shown to be expressed in hemangioblasts in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region in murine embryo. To further analyze the fates of hematopoietic/endothelial cells, we focused on embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) FL, since it is a major hematopoietic organ during embryonic period. Based on the PCLP1 expression levels, E14.5 FL cells could be fractionated into four distinct populations. In vitro colony-forming assay and in vivo transplantation analysis revealed that lineage-committed progenitors with colony-forming activities and long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LTR-HSCs) were in PCLP1neg cells. PCLP1dull cells contained erythroid lineage-committed cells. Interestingly, while PCLP1med cells lacked colony-forming activities, they showed LTR-HSC activity in vivo. To further characterize these cell populations, we cultured them with OP9 stromal cells, since OP9 cells have been used to induce hematopoietic and endothelial lineages from embryonic stem cells. In co-culture with OP9 cells, PCLP1neg cells immediately generated blood cells with colony-forming activity but lacking in vivo hematopoietic activity, indicating that OP9 cells failed to support hematopoietic progenitor/HSCs. However, PCLP1med generated colony-forming hematopoietic progenitors with LTR-HSC activities in the presence of OP9 cells. These results indicated that PCLP1med cells contained stromal cell-dependent immature precursors for HSCs. PCLP1high cells did not express the hematopoietic markers or endothelial cell markers such as PECAM1 and VE-cadherin. However, they formed endothelia-like cell colonies which were highly proliferative and serially transferable in OP9 co-culture. Interestingly, the addition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to the culture strongly induced the expression of PECAM1 and VE-cadherin in these colonies. PCLP1high cells contributed to PECAM1+ endothelium in several organs in vivo when transplanted to conditioned neonatal liver. Therefore, PCLP1high cells contained immature precursors for endothelial progenitors. These results indicate that PCLP1 expression levels distinguish previously unrecognized early precursors for HSCs and endothelial progenitors, which are distinct from hemangioblasts.
Calculation of unsteady wake/rotor interaction (1987)

This paper presents a numerical analysis of wake/rotor interaction using a time-marching solution of the unsteady, nonlinear Euler equations. The incoming wakes are specified through the unsteady inflow boundary conditions. The lagged periodic boundary condition that arises due to unequal rotor/stator pitches is handled by a new technique that inclines the computational plane in time. Comparison of results for a flat-plate cascade with results using a linear analytic theory demonstrates the method's capability to accurately predict unsteady forces, moments, and radiated sound. Results are also presented for a low-speed turbine.
Cdc42-induced Activation of the Mixed-Lineage Kinase SPRKin Vivo (2000)

Src homology 3 domain (SH3)-containing proline-rich protein kinase (SPRK)/mixed-lineage kinase (MLK)-3 is a serine/threonine kinase that upon overexpression in mammalian cells activates the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase pathway. The mechanisms by which SPRK activity is regulated are not well understood. The small Rho family GTPases, Rac and Cdc42, have been shown to bind and modulate the activities of signaling proteins, including SPRK, which contain Cdc42/Rac interactive binding motifs. Coexpression of SPRK and activated Cdc42 increases SPRKs activity. SPRKs Cdc42/Rac interactive binding-like motif contains six of the eight consensus residues. Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we show that SPRK contains a functional Cdc42/Rac interactive binding motif that is required for SPRKs association with and activation by Cdc42. However, experiments using a SPRK variant that lacks the COOH-terminal zipper region/basic stretch suggest that this region may also contribute to Cdc42 binding. Unlike the PAK family of protein kinases, we find that the activation of SPRK by Cdc42 cannot be recapitulated in an in vitro system using purified, recombinant proteins. Comparative phosphopeptide mapping demonstrates that coexpression of activated Cdc42 with SPRK alters the in vivo serine/threonine phosphorylation pattern of SPRK suggesting that the mechanism by which Cdc42 increases SPRKs catalytic activity involves a change in the in vivo phosphorylation of SPRK. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstrated example of a Cdc42-mediated change in the in vivo phosphorylation of a protein kinase. These studies suggest an additional component or cellular environment is required for SPRK activation by Cdc42.
On-chip decoupling capacitor optimization using architectural level current signature prediction (2002)

Switching generated supply grid noise presents a potential obstacle to the reduction of supply voltage and resulting power. This paper presents a novel design technique for sizing and placing on-chip decoupling capacitors based on current signatures from the microarchitecture. Simulation of a typical processor workload (SPEC95) provides a realistic stimulation of microarchitecture elements that is coupled with a spatial power grid model. Evaluation of this technique on a typical microprocessor implementation (Alpha 21264) indicates this technique can produce up to a 15% improvement in maximum noise levels over a uniform decoupling capacitor placement strategy.
Graphene: Ultraconformal Contact Transfer of Monolayer Graphene on Metal to Various Substrates (Adv. Mater. 37/2014) (2014)

C. S. Han and co-workers report on page 6394 the clean, fast, and inexpensive direct transfer of large-area monolayer CVD graphene from Cu foil to various substrates such as PET, PDMS, and glass using a mechano-electro-thermal (MET) process. This process leads to ultraconformal contact between the graphene and the target substrate, which increases the higher adhesion energy of the graphene to the substrate over Cu foil. This transferred graphene presents both excellent quality (with no residues or defects) and remarkable mechanical and electrical stability.
Circulating Cancer Cells and Their Clinical Applications (2011)

Minimal residual cancer is defined as “the presence of tumor cells that are not detectable by the current routine diagnostic procedures used for tumor staging in cancer patients after surgical removal of the primary tumor.” Data from European and North American groups have demonstrated the prognostic impact of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs)9 in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection and enumeration in peripheral blood have been examined in prospective multicenter studies of metastatic breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers and have been associated with decreased progression-free and overall survival. An increasing number of clinical research studies are validating these observations and extending them to other cancers and to earlier disease stages. CTCs are highly heterogeneous, and their molecular characterization is important, not only to confirm their malignant origin but also to follow immune-phenotypic changes with tumor progression and identify diagnostically and therapeutically relevant targets that will help stratify cancer patients for individualized therapies. The rarity of CTCs—and thus the very limited amount of available sample—presents a formidable analytical and technical challenge. Recent technical advances in CTC detection and characterization include reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) methods, image-based approaches, and microfilter and microchip devices. CTCs represent a promising new diagnostic field for advanced-stage patients in that the sensitive CTC-detection platforms allow monitoring of disease and treatment efficacy. The development of single-cell technologies might allow profiling of these cells for the purpose of adapting treatment regimens. CTC-detection and- characterization techniques hold promise for playing a role as a “liquid biopsy” that will allow physicians to follow cancer changes over time and to tailor treatment. Current research on CTCs is focusing on the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers produced by these cells. CTCs are promising as novel tumor biomarkers because they are well-defined targets for understanding …
Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum in Males with an Analog of Imiquimod 1% in Cream: A Placebo‐Controlled, Double‐Blind Study (1998)

The objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate in males the clinical efficacy in treating molluscum contagiosum and tolerance of an analog of imiquimod (1%) in cream. One hundred patients between 9 and 27 years of age (mean 16.3), with 733 lesions (mean 7.3), whose size ranged from 2 to 5 mm diameter (mean spot size 3.4 mm) and a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum were randomized into two parallel groups. In a double-blind manner, precoded 40-g tubes were dispensed. Patients self-administered the trial medication to their lesions at home three times daily for five consecutive days per week. The study was scheduled with 4 weeks of active treatment (maximum 60 topical applications) and 12 months (on a monthly basis) of follow-up. Patients were examined on a weekly basis. Thirteen patients had atopic dermatitis. A clinically and histopathologically confirmed total elimination of lesions was considered as cured. After four weeks of treatment, 49 patients and 372 lesions were cured. Breaking the code revealed that imiquimod cream had cured 82% of the patients and 86.3% of the lesions. Placebo cleared 16% of the patients and 63 of the lesions (p < 0.0001). During the treatment, 88% of the patients experienced no allergic, localized, or drug-related adverse symptoms. Twelve patients, predominantly in the imiquimod cream group reported non-objective, drug-induced, mild reactions with no dropouts. The study was followed-up for 12 months. Among 49 cured patients, 3 had relapses after 10 months. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that 1% imiquimod analog in cream with mild subjective side effects is significantly more efficacious than the placebo in curing molluscum contagiosum in males.
Pipeline Leak Detection Using the Matched-Field Processing Method (2018)

A transient-based leakage detection method using a matched-field processing (MFP) scheme is formulated and applied. It is found to be efficient, robust, accurate, and provides a unique solution. Its inherent efficiency stems from the fact that the MFP method decouples the search for the leak location and the leak size. Its robustness is demonstrated by showing that the MFP method is able to estimate the location and size of leak in the presence of (1) noise even for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as low as SNR=−3 dB, and (2) uncertainty in the fluid–pipe system wave speed. Another positive attribute of the MFP method is that it is able to use all available frequencies, rather than just resonant frequencies, and does not need to identify resonant frequencies. As a result, the MFP method provides precise localization estimates even in noisy environments. It is also shown that a unique identification is achieved by the MFP method provided that the pressure signal is measured at two locations along the pipe. For the case of multiple leaks, MFP identifies each of the leaks provided that the distance between the leaks is of the same order or larger than the shortest probing half-wavelength.
Automatic surgical blanking of burst noise in marine seismic data (1987)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987Automatic surgical blanking of burst noise in marine seismic dataAuthors: A. J. BerniA. J. BerniShell Development Co.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892081 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892081FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byAUTOMATIC EDITING OF NOISY SEISMIC DATA1Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 37, No. 8 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1987 Pages: 923 publication data© 1987 Copyright © 1987 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION A. J. Berni, (1987), "Automatic surgical blanking of burst noise in marine seismic data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 477-478. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892081 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Controlling Chaotic Lasers (1995)

Irregular fluctuations in intensity have long plagued the operation of a wide variety of solid-state lasers. We are exploring the possibility of exploiting rather than avoiding a laser's chaotic output. As an important step in that direction, we have applied a novel control technique to stabilize a solid state laser. By making small periodic changes in only one input parameter of the laser, we are able to stabilize complex periodic waveforms and steady state behavior in the laser output. We demonstrate the application of this approach in a diode pumped Nd:/YAG laser system.
Foaming and cell flotation in suspended plant cell cultures and the effect of chemical antifoams (1994)

Foam development and stability in Atropa belladonna suspensions were investigated as a function of culture conditions. Foaming was due mainly to properties of the cell-free broth and was correlated with protein content; effects due to presence of cells increased towards the end of batch culture. Highest foam levels were measured 11 days after inoculation. Air flow rate was of major importance in determining foam volume; foam volume and stability were also strongly dependent on pH. Foam flotation of plant cells was very effective. After 30 min foaming, ca. 55% of cells were found in the foam; this increased to ca. 75% after 90 min. Polypropylene glycol 1025 and 2025, Pluronic PE 6100, and Antifoam-C emulsion were tested as chemical antifoams. Polypropylene glycol 1025 and Antifoam C at concentrations up to 600 ppm had no adverse effect on growth in shake flasks; Pluronic PE 6100 has an inhibitory effect at all levels tested. Concentrations of polypropylene glycol 2025 and Pluronic PE 6100 as low as 20 ppm reduced foam volumes by a factor of ca. 10. Addition of antifoam reduced k(L)a values in bubble-column and stirred-tank bioreactors. After operation of a stirred reactor for 2 days using Antifoam C for foam control, cell production was limited by oxygen due to the effect of antifoam on mass transfer. Theoretical analysis showed that maximum cell concentrations and biomass levels decline with increasing reactors working volume due to greater consumption of antifoam to prevent foam overflow. The results indicate that when chemical foam control is used in plant cell cultures, head-space volume and tolerable foam levels must be considered to optimize biomass production. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tailoring tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 to overcome the weakening effects of the cysteine-rich domains of tumour necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (2003)

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) converting enzyme (TACE) is a membrane-anchored, multiple-domain zinc metalloproteinase responsible for the release of the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha. The extracellular part of the active enzyme is composed of a catalytic domain and several cysteine-rich domains. Previously, we reported that these cysteine-rich domains significantly weakened the inhibitory potency of the N-terminal-domain form of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (N-TIMP-3). In the present paper, we describe a novel strategy developed to overcome this weakening effect. We have engineered a new generation of N-TIMP-3 mutants that are capable of withstanding the repulsion of the cysteine-rich domains by the formation of electrostatic bonds with the catalytic domain of the enzyme. These N-TIMP-3 mutants displayed markedly improved binding affinity with the soluble extracellular domain form of recombinant TACE. With K (i) (app) values of <0.1 nM, these mutants were dramatically better than the wild-type N-TIMP-3 [K (i) (app) 1.7 nM]. We accounted for this by proposing that Glu(31), an acidic residue situated at the base of the AB-loop of N-TIMP-3, is drawn into contact with Lys(315), a prominent basic residue adjacent to the TACE catalytic site. The mutagenesis strategy involved reorientation of the edge of N-TIMP-3; in particular, the beta-strand A where Glu(31) was located. Further expression of one of the mutants, Lys(26/27/30/76)-->Glu, in a mammalian expression system confirmed that TIMP-3 associates with the extracellular matrix via its C-terminal domain.
PNA versus DNA: Effects of Structural Fluctuations on Electronic Structure and Hole-Transport Mechanisms (2008)

The effects of structural fluctuations on charge transfer in double-stranded DNA and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) are investigated. A palindromic sequence with two guanine bases that play the roles of hole donor and acceptor, separated by a bridge of two adenine bases, was analyzed using combined molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum-chemical methods. Surprisingly, electronic structure calculations on individual MD snapshots show significant frontier orbital electronic population on the bridge in approximately 10% of the structures. Electron-density delocalization to the bridge is found to be gated by fluctuations of the covalent conjugated bond structure of the aromatic rings of the nucleic bases. It is concluded, therefore, that both thermal hopping and superexchange should contribute significantly to charge transfer even in short DNA/PNA fragments. PNA is found to be more flexible than DNA, and this flexibility is predicted to produce larger rates of charge transfer.
Controlling signaling with a specifically designed G <sub>i</sub> -coupled receptor (1998)

We are developing a system to control G protein signaling in vivo to regulate a broad range of physiologic responses. Our system utilizes G protein-coupled peptide receptors engineered to respond exclusively to synthetic small molecule ligands and not to their natural ligand(s). These engineered receptors are designated RASSLs (receptor activated solely by a synthetic ligand). We have made two prototype RASSLs that are based on the human kappa opioid receptor. Small molecule drugs that activate the kappa receptor are nonaddictive and safe to administer in vivo. Binding and signaling assays reveal 200-2000-fold reductions in the ability of our RASSLs to bind or be activated by dynorphin, an endogenous peptide ligand of the kappa opioid receptor. In a high-throughput signaling assay, these prototype RASSLs expressed in Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells showed little or no response to a panel of 21 opioid peptides but still signaled normally in response to small molecule drugs such as spiradoline. Activation of a RASSL by spiradoline also caused proliferation of rat-1a tissue culture cells. These data provide evidence that G protein-coupled receptors can be made into RASSLs. The potential in vivo applications for RASSLs include the positive enrichment of transfected cells and the development of new animal models of disease.
Special cascade LMS equalization scheme suitable for 60-GHz RoF transmission system (2016)

We design a specific cascade least mean square (LMS) equalizer and to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time this kind of equalizer has been employed for 60-GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radio over fiber (RoF) system. The proposed cascade LMS equalizer consists of two sub-equalizers which are designated for optical and wireless channel compensations, respectively. We control the linear and nonlinear factors originated from optical link and wireless link separately. The cascade equalization scheme can keep the nonlinear distortions of the RoF system in a low degree. We theoretically and experimentally investigate the parameters of the two sub-equalizers to reach their best performances. The experiment results show that the cascade equalization scheme has a faster convergence speed. It needs a training sequence with a length of 10000 to reach its stable status, which is only half as long as the traditional LMS equalizer needs. With the utility of a proposed equalizer, the 60-GHz RoF system can successfully transmit 5-Gbps BPSK signal over 10-km fiber and 1.2-m wireless link under forward error correction (FEC) limit 10<sup>-3</sup>. An improvement of 4dBm and 1dBm in power sensitivity at BER 10<sup>-3</sup> over traditional LMS equalizer can be observed when the signals are transmitted through Back-to-Back (BTB) and 10-km fiber 1.2-m wireless links, respectively.
AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS--THE OUTLOOK BEHIND THE WHEEL (1982)

This article gives an overview of recent developments and technology, as well as of business and economic trends, relative to vehicular and small gas turbines and other types of alternative power systems. Key manufacturers, suppliers, and government agencies are identified. Sub-headings include the following: evaluation of the small gas turbines; production and field tests; external pressures and government participation; advanced technology and development trends; recent achievements in vehicle turbine development; and competitive systems.
Differential Proliferation of Fibroblasts Cultured from Normal and Fibrotic Human Lungs (1988)

We studied the behavior of the cell cycle of cultured, early-passage human diploid pulmonary fibroblastlike cells (HDPFC) when grown in the presence of several growth factors. The rates of growth and growth fractions were studied in cultures from different origins. As much as 85 +/- 5% (SE) of HDPFC cultured from specimens with early fibrosis were cycling when the cells were grown in basal media supplemented with 10% serum or growth factors. In contrast, 55% +/- 8% (SE) of HDPFC from normal lung and only 31% +/- 5% (SE) of HDPFC cultured from specimens with dense fibrosis were cycling in those culture conditions. Results obtained by removal of any of the five growth factors from the defined medium indicated that the altered growth patterns were not related to any single growth factor tested. These studies are consistent with the hypothesis that HDPFC cultured from specimens with early fibrosis have a greater proliferative potential than HDPFC from late fibrosis.
Study of Repellent Finish of Filtration Ability of Surgical Face Masks (2005)

A surgical face mask is an important medical device used to protect both surgical patients and operating room personnel from the transfer of microorganisms, body fluids and particulate material. In this research, the effect of repellent finish on filtration ability of surgical face masks was studied. In determining the filtration ability of surgical face masks, a technique using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) was used to determine particle capture. Small particles present on/in nonwoven fabrics of the face masks were located using LSCM. Then, image analysis was used to quantify the small particles by total area to evaluate the filtration ability. The results showed that the filtration layer was the primary contributor to the barrier effectiveness of the surgical face mask. Statistical analysis was performed and the results showed that although repellent finish decreased the filtration ability of the cover layer, it did not affect the filtration ability of the filtration layer.