gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles of the Proximal Hydrogen Bonding Network in Cytochrome P450<sub>c</sub><sub>am</sub>-Catalyzed Oxygenation (2002)

Structural and functional roles of the hydrogen bonding network that surrounds the heme-thiolate coordination of P450(cam) from Pseudomonas putida were investigated. A hydrogen bond between the side chain amide of Gln360 and the carbonyl oxygen of the axial Cys357 was removed in Q360L. The side chain hydrogen bond and the electrostatic interaction between the polypeptide amide proton of Gln360 and the sulfur atom of Cys357 were simultaneously removed in Q360P. The increased electron donation of the axial thiolate in Q360L and Q360P was evidenced by negative shifts of their reduction potentials by 45 and 70 mV, respectively. Together with the results on L358P in which the amide proton at position 358 was removed (Yoshioka, S., Takahashi, S., Ishimori, K., Morishima, I. J. Inorg. Biochem. 2000, 81, 141-151), we propose that the side chain hydrogen bond and the electrostatic interaction of the amide proton with the thiolate ligand cause approximately 45 and approximately 35 mV of positive shifts, respectively, of the redox potential of the heme in P450(cam). The resonance Raman spectra of the ferrous-CO form of the Q360 mutants showed a downshifted Fe-CO stretching mode at 482 approximately 483 cm(-)(1) compared with that of wild-type P450(cam) at 484 cm(-)(1). The Q360 mutants also showed the upshift by 4 approximately 5 cm(-)(1) of the Fe-NO stretching mode in the ferrous-NO form. These Raman results indicate the increase in the sigma-electron donation of the thiolate ligand in the reduced state of the Q360 mutants and were in contrast to the increased pi-back-donation of the thiolate in L358P having an upshifted Fe-CO stretching mode at 489 cm(-)(1). The catalytic activities of the Q360 mutants for the unnatural substrates were similar to those of the wild-type enzyme, indicating that the increased sigma-electron donation does not promote the O-O bond heterolysis in the Q360 mutants, although the increased pi-electron donation in L358P promoted the heterolysis of the O-O bond. We conclude that the functions of the proximal hydrogen bonding network in P450(cam) are to stabilize the heme-thiolate coordination, and to regulate the redox potential of the heme iron. Furthermore, we propose that the pi-electron donation, not the sigma-electron donation, of the thiolate ligand promotes the heterolysis of the O-O bond of dioxygen.
The Electric Field of an Eccentric Dipole in a Homogeneous Spherical Conducting Medium (1950)

The electrical position of the heart with reference to the electrodes used in studying its field is unknown. For reasons presented, it is more likely eccentric; hence, the equation defining the field of an eccentric dipole in a spherical medium might be useful for projected experimental studies and for better understanding of the way in which a given electrical position determines the electrode potentials. A method introduced by Helmholtz was used for deriving the desired equation. It is discussed since its concepts are of considerable importance to other electrocardiographic problems, too. The more simple mathematical example dealing with the centric dipole in the sphere is discussed. The equation for the field of the eccentric dipole is given and data based upon it are presented in numerical and map form. The Helmholtz equation for the field in the spherical conductor produced by two small spherical electrodes arbitrarily located is also presented and briefly discussed.
Development of optimal Lu-177 labeled monoclonal antibody (7E11) constructs for radioimmunotherapy of prostate cancer (2005)

4765 Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly over expressed on the surface of prostate cancer cells. Radioimmunoimaging using an anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody (7E11) coupled to Indium-111 via the bifunctional chelating agent (BFC) GYK-DTPA is currently FDA approved. In prior clinical studies evaluating therapeutic constructs of this antibody and BFC labeled with Y-90, the dose that could be safely administered was limited by toxicity secondary to loss of radionuclide from the BFC. We have investigated the use of kinetically inert cyclic BFCs (of the DOTA family) conjugated to this antibody and labeled with Lutetium-177 to produce immunoconjugates that reduce radiation doses to bone marrow thereby allowing administration of higher and potentially more efficacious doses. Methods: A number of DOTA based 7E11 immunoconjugates were generated using a variety of pH, ionic and temperature conditions. Characterization of the resultant immunoconjugates was performed using SDS-PAGE and HPSEC to assess purity and apparent molecular weight and MALDI-MS to determine ratios of BFC to antibody. Specificity and biological activity of the resultant conjugates were evaluated using an immunoaffinity binding ELISA that targets the N-terminal epitope on PSMA recognized by 7E11. Optimal radiolabeling conditions using Lu-177 have also been determined. Results: Conjugation of DOTA based BFC to 7E11 has been achieved using conditions that preserve the integrity of 7E11 and its ability to specifically bind PSMA. Molar ratios of linker to antibody ranged from 0.2 to 5.3. Purity of the immunoconjugates ranged from 96% to 98%. These conjugates have also been shown to be more stable than previous constructs resulting in lower levels of loss of radionuclide in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Conclusions: Based on these studies, a Lutetium-177 labeled radioimmunoconjugate that should allow administration of higher doses than previous constructs has been developed and is being scaled up for human clinical testing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Elucidation of the molecular structure of lipid A isolated from both a rough mutant and a wild strain of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> lipopolysaccharides using electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (2005)

The chemical structure of lipid A, isolated by mild acid hydrolysis from a rough mutant and a wild strain of Aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide, was investigated using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight (QqToF) hybrid tandem mass spectrometry and showed a great degree of microheterogeneity. The chemical structure of the main constituent of this heterogeneous mixture was identified as a beta-D-(1 --> 6) linked D-glucosamine disaccharide substituted by two phosphate groups, one being bound to the non-reducing end at position O-4' and the other to the position O-1 of the reducing end of the D-glucosamine disaccharide. The location of the fatty acids linked to the disaccharide backbone was established by identifying diagnostic ions in the conventional QqToF-MS scan. Low-energy collision tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the selected precursor diagnostic ions confirmed, unambiguously, their proposed molecular structures. We have established that myristyloxylauric (C14:0(3-O(12:0))) acid residues were both N-2' and O-3' linked to the non-reducing end of the D-GlcN residue, and that two 3-hydroxymyristic (C14:0(3-OH)) acid chains acylated the remaining positions of the reducing end. The MS and MS/MS data obtained allowed us to determine the complex molecular structure of lipid A. The QqToF-MS/MS instrument has shown excellent superiority over a conventional quadrupole-hexapole-quadrupole tandem instrument which failed to fragment the selected precursor ion.
Improvements in performance of focused ion beam cross-sectioning: aspects of ion-sample interaction (2004)

A gallium (Ga) focused ion beam (FIB) has been applied increasingly to 'site-specific' preparation of cross-sectional samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning TEM, scanning electron microscopy and scanning ion microscopy. It is absolutely required for FIB cross-sectioning to prepare higher-quality samples in a shorter time without sacrificing the site specificity. The present paper clarifies the parameters that impose limitation on the following performances of the FIB cross-sectioning: milling rate, cross-sectioning at a right angle with respect to the sample surface, curtain structures formed on the cross sections, ion implantation and ion damage. All of these are discussed from the viewpoint of ion-sample interaction. Improvements for these performances achieved by diminishing their limiting origins or by correcting the resultants are described. Especially, the FIB scanning speed is significantly utilizable to improve the milling rate. A microsampling method, which allows the FIB incidence in a sidewards or upwards direction as well as downwards with respect to the microsample surface, is very effective to minimize the curtain structures.
Detection of Counterfeit ICs Using Public Identification Sequences and Side-Channel Leakage (2018)

In this paper, we present a new approach for counterfeit protection against remarked, overproduced, and out-of-spec integrated circuits (ICs). Our approach uses identification sequences that are regularly published by the original chip manufacturer and hidden in the electromagnetic (EM) leakage of authentic chips. A portion of the chip area is dedicated to a crypto engine running in stream cipher mode that is initialized with a unique key and an initialization vector stored in one-time-programmable antifuse memory. IC identification is carried out in the field by obtaining EM measurements of deployed ICs and by proving the presence of the genuine identification sequences in the measurements. We evaluate our approach using a proof-of-concept implementation on three FPGA boards by capturing EM leakage of the FPGAs under test at their decoupling capacitors. The results show that the user can carry out IC identification on-site, using standard lab equipment in short amount of time.
Making Exit Interviews Count (2016)

In the knowledge economy, skilled employees are the assets that drive organizational success. Thus companies must learn from them—why they stay, why they leave, and how the organization needs to change. A thoughtful exit interview—whether it be a face-to-face conversation, a questionnaire, a survey, or a combination—can catalyze leaders’ listening skills, reveal what does or doesn’t work inside the organization, highlight hidden challenges and opportunities, and generate essential competitive intelligence. It can promote engagement and enhance retention by signaling to employees that their views matter. And it can turn departing employees into corporate ambassadors for years to come. Unfortunately, too few leaders pay attention to this tool; their programs fail to either improve retention or produce useful information. The authors believe this is owing to poor data quality and a lack of consensus on best practices. They suggest six overall goals for a strategic exit interview process and describe tactics and techniques to make it successful. Among their recommendations: Have interviews conducted by second- or third-line managers. Make exit interviews mandatory for at least some employees. And because standard interviews enable you to spot trends, but unstructured ones elicit unexpected insights, consider combining the two approaches in semistructured interviews. INSET: Different Results for Different Kinds of Companies
Sustained Release Liquid Preparation Using Sodium Alginate for Eradication of Helicobacter pyroli. (1999)

We prepared a new liquid preparation for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (HP), and examined drug release in vitro and in vivo. The liquid preparation mainly consisted of a sodium alginate (AG) aqueous solution containing ampicillin (ABPC), an antibiotic drug, or methylene blue, a dye. Drug release was retarded by Ca pre-treatment (0.10 M, 20 s) of the AG preparation in in vitro drug release studies due to gel-formation at the liquid surface. In in vivo experiments, the AG preparations were administered orally to rats. The rats were divided into two groups, with or without pre-administration of ranitidine hydrochloride (RH, an H2-blocker). The total remaining % of ABPC in the stomach was high in the rats administered the AG preparation compared to the ABPC solution. The AG preparation might float in the stomach without adhering to the gastric wall in the rats without pre-administration of RH. The total remaining % of ABPC at 30 min was almost 100% in the RH pre-administration rats administered the AG preparation, and about 80% of the drug existed in fraction 2 (implying adhesion of the preparation on the gastric mucus). At 60 min, the total remaining % in the AG preparation plus Ca (mean 87%) increased about 2-fold compared to that in the AG preparation alone (mean 44%). In this case, a large portion of the remaining ABPC also existed in fraction 2. This preparation may be useful for eradication of HP.
<i>n</i>-type delta-doped quantum well lasers with extremely low transparency current density (1996)

It is demonstrated that placing an n-type Te δ doping aside a single strained quantum well (QW) is an efficient way to control the initial carrier concentration in the QW and thus to lower transparency current density, Jtr, while preserving low internal losses. This is in contrast with uniform doping of the active area. Jtr of 11.3 A/cm&lt;thin&gt;2 and threshold current density of 54.4 A/cm2, which are both the lowest values reported to date for strained InxGa1−xAs/GaAs semiconductor lasers, were obtained. A somewhat higher injection efficiency is obtained when the energy levels are adjusted so that the electrons tunnel from the delta well directly into the QW.
Trends in the development of system-level fault Dependency matrices (2010)

A Dependency matrix (D-matrix) is a consistent and systematic way to capture hierarchical system-level fault diagnostic information. The D-matrix is derived from a dependency modeling framework to capture the causal relationships between failure modes and symptoms. D-matrices are developed from various sources such as historical field failure data, service documents, engineering schematics, and Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) data. Here, we survey the existing research work on developing D-matrices from disparate data sources and data formats. We classify the D-matrices based on their data source and the imperfectness of symptoms for both boolean and real-valued [0,1] D-matrices. An industrial perspective is offered to describe the pros and cons of various types of D-matrices along with the challenges faced while developing and applying them for vehicle health management.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPLIT-RING RESONATORS FOR TUNABLE NEGATIVE PERMEABILITY METAMATERIALS BASED ON ANISOTROPIC DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATES (2009)

The magnetic resonance of various split ring resonators (SRRs) is numerically investigated to analyze the dependence of the resonance frequency on their parameter designs. The behavior of the magnetic resonance frequency in the configuration of the 2-cut singlering SRR (2C-SRR) shows a larger shift in relation to the changes of the SRR size scaling, split width and substrate permittivity. A new magnetic particle formed by the 2C-SRR structure incorporating nematic liquid crystals (LCs) into the multilayered substrate is proposed for the realization of a tunable magnetic metamaterial. When using such inclusions, the tuning range of the magnetic resonance conditions could be as wide as ∼ 1.1GHz via changing the orientation of LC molecules by 90◦.
Manganese-Based Superoxide Dismutase Mimics Modify Both Acute and Long-Term Outcome Severity in a <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Model of Classic Galactosemia (2013)

Our results confirm oxidative stress as a mediator of acute galactose sensitivity in GALT-null Drosophila larvae and demonstrate for the first time that oxidative stress may also contribute to galactose-independent adult outcomes in GALT deficiency. Finally, our results demonstrate for the first time that both MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) and MnTE-2-PyP(5+) are bioavailable and effective when administered through an oral route in a D. melanogaster model of classic galactosemia.
MMSE correlator based RAKE receiver for DS-CDMA (2002)

This paper investigates the performance of a reduced rank MMSE correlator for a RAKE receiver in the context of CDMA in frequency selective multipath. The MMSE correlator based on the correlations subtractive architecture (CSA) is derived for frequency selective multipath. It is demonstrated that the standard multiuser limited RAKE receiver can achieve BER performance close to the MMSE receiver spanning multiple symbols by replacing its conventional correlator with an MMSE correlator. The CSA generates an MMSE correlator without requiring matrix inversion (thereby reducing computational complexity) and facilitates direct replacement of the standard RAKE correlator.
Configuration memory based dynamic coarse grained reconfigurable multicore architecture (2013)

Hardware Re-configurability is providing solution to use same hardware for different application with and optimized hardware utilization. This leads towards small size and power efficient system design. Coarse-grained Architecture (CGRA) is one of the reconfigurable system use by byte computing. This paper proposed and configuration memory based CGRA system which can change the hardware configuration dynamically according to applications. Author has designed CGRA system with 4×4 Processing Elements (PE) and configured for 4 point FFT application. A suitable Data flow diagram has developed for the application. The results are presented in the paper.
Investigations of the spectral characteristics of 980-nm InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs lasers (1997)

Semiconductor quantum-well (QW) lasers at 980 nm exhibit unique spontaneous emission spectra with a periodic envelope of approximately 2/spl sim/3-nm wavelength. This phenomenon has been observed in both front facet and side spontaneous emission. The modulation is modeled in terms of coupling between the laser waveguide and the substrate waveguide which is transparent to 980-nm light. Modal gain spectra of the entire waveguide structure including substrate are calculated numerically by a transfer matrix method. The gain spectra in the active stripe and loss spectra in the unpumped QW exhibit modulation. This results in modulation of the emission spectra. An analytical approach based on coupled mode equations is developed to explain and clarify the results of the numerical modeling. The interesting case of a coupling length that is small by comparison with the gain/loss length is examined in detail. Front facet and side spontaneous emission spectra calculated using the modal gain spectra are in good agreement with the measured spectra. The results presented make it possible to interpret the unique modal characteristics of 980-nm lasers quantitatively and relate them to the physical structural parameters.
Simple retractable monopole antenna with small mismatch loss and high radiation efficiency for cellular portable phones (2002)

We studied a simple retractable monopole antenna for cellular portable phones using computational and experimental analysis. This antenna configuration uses an antenna element, consisting of a straight conducting wire in both the extended and retracted positions, by changing the feed point on the element. We found that the optimization of some parameters, such as the element length and the feed point, enable the input impedance of the retracted position to be adjusted to that of the extended position. This characteristic guarantees a low mismatch loss in both the extended and retracted positions. We also discuss the effect of the terminal height and the gap width between the element and the terminal. The numerical simulations and experiments using a simplified model prove that this antenna configuration has an excellent return loss characteristic above 20 dB, even in the retracted position, and that also it has a high efficiency of 85% in the extended position including the matching circuit loss. Since this antenna configuration also provides a spatially efficient and mechanically durable structure, we used it in a cellular portable phone.
Investigating the Molecular Heterogeneity of Polysorbate Emulsifiers by MALDI-TOF MS (2001)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a new technique that can be used to determine the molecular composition of polysorbate emulsifiers, which are commonly used as food additives. This is the first study to offer such a detailed examination of these heterogeneous compounds. MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful tool that can provide a polysorbate mass profile in less than two minutes. 2',4',6'-Trihydroxyacetophenone monohydrate was chosen to be an ideal matrix, as it easily facilitated desorption and ionization, provided good resolution, and allowed for fast and simple preparation of the sample. By addition of aqueous 0.01 M potassium chloride, species were resolved exclusively as potassium adducts in the positive ion mode. MALDI-TOF MS analysis before and after saponification indicated the presence of unbound ethylene oxide polymers, as well as free and esterified sorbitan- and sorbide-based species. Some evidence for the presence of disorbitan-based species was provided. Also illustrated were the polydispersity of the oxyethylene chains, the degree of esterification, and the identity of esterified fatty acids.
Film and Television (2017)

The White Spaces of Kenyan Settler Writing lists and places in their historical contexts over 900 texts written by Whites in and about colonial Kenya.
Glial Cell Line‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor: Potential for Otoprotection (1999)

Sensorineural hearing loss results from the degeneration of hair cells and/or auditory neurons in the cochlea of the inner ear. BDNF and NT-3 were shown to support survival of auditory neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Cochlea from P3-P4 rats were cultured as floating explants and hair cells in the organ of Corti were identified by phalloidin-FITC immunostaining. Treatment with cisplatin (35 micrograms/mL) or neomycin (0.6 mM) resulted in 21.2 +/- 6.0% and 7.4 +/- 4.7% surviving hair cells, respectively, after 3 days in culture. GDNF, added together with the ototoxins, increased their number to 46.7% and 37.4%, respectively. In cultures of dissociated cochlea from 4-week-old rat, cisplatin (5 mg/mL) added 24 h after seeding resulted in only 6.1 +/- 1.2% surviving neurons. However, when cisplatin was added together with GDNF (10 ng/mL), 32.8 +/- 1.0% of the neurons survived. The efficacy of GDNF in animal models of ototoxicity was tested next. Guinea pigs were pretreated with GDNF in one ear, delivered either by infusion into the inner ear (scala tympani) with Alzet minipumps (50 ng/mL at a 0.5 microL/h), or injected into the middle ear (120 microL at 1 mg/mL) through the tympanic membrane. The ear that did not receive GDNF always served as control. Ototoxicity was induced systemically either by intraperitoneal cisplatin injections (1 mg/kg/day for 15 days or two injections of 7.5 mg/kg at a 5-day interval or by a combination of kanamycin (200-300 mg/kg, administered subcutaneously) and ethacrinic acid (40 mg/kg, intravenous). It was found that the number of surviving hair cells in GDNF-treated ears was about twice that of control ears in animals exposed to the ototoxins. The transducing GDNF receptor (ret) is expressed in the inner ear.