gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress In Optical Oxygen Sensing (1988)

Following a brief review on the history of optical oxygen sensing (which shows that a variety of ideas exists in the literature that awaits the extension to fiber optic sensing schemes), the present state of probing oxygen by optical methods is discussed in terms of new methods and materials for sensor construction. Promising sensing schemes include simultaneous measurement of parameters such as oxygen and carbon dioxide with one fiber, measurement of fluorescence lifetimes and radiative energy transfer efficiency as well as phosphorescence quenching. New longwave-excitable fluorophores have been introduced recently, two-band emit-ting indicators can help to eliminate drift problems, and new methods have been found by which both indicators and enzymes may be entrapped in silicone rubber, which opens the way for the design of new biosensors. In a final chapter, the application of fiber optic oxygen sensors for blood gas measurement and as transducers in biosensors are presented.
Interconversion and stability of duocarmycins, a new family of antitumor antibiotics: correlation to their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities in vitro. (1993)

Stability and interconversion of duocarmycins were studied in relation to their cytotoxicities and antimicrobial activities. The compounds studied included duocarmycin A and SA, which have a spirocyclopropylhexadienone moiety, and four halogenated seco-compounds of duocarmycin A: duocarmycin B1, B2, C1 and C2, from which the cyclopropane ring structure is absent. Duocarmycins were potent cytotoxic compounds to cells. The cytotoxic activity seen on Balb 3T3/H-ras cells after 72 h drug exposure was in the following order (IC50 (nM): concentration for 50% growth inhibition); SA (0.05) > A (0.3) > B2 (1.5) > B1 (3.0) > C2 (20) > C1 (40). Average minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of duocarmycins against microorganisms showed essentially the same ranking order as that of cytotoxicity. There was a large difference between SA and A in their stability in aqueous solvents. For halogenated seco-compounds, a good correlation was found between their cytotoxicities in vitro and their conversion rate to duocarmycin A, suggesting that halogenated seco-compounds undergo closure to the spirocyclopropylhexadienone structure, the pertinent active form, in cells.
Electron acceleration in a two-stage laser wakefield accelerator (2012)

Near-GeV electron beam generation from a two-stage laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) is reported. Electron injection and acceleration are separated into two distinct LWFA stages and controlled independently from each other by employing two gas cells filled with a He/O2 mixture and pure He gas, respectively. Electrons with a Maxwellian spectrum, generated from the injection stage assisted by ionization-induced injection, are seeded into the acceleration stage with a 3-mm long gas cell and accelerated to produce a 0.8-GeV quasimonoenergetic electron beam for a 45 TW 40 fs laser pulse, corresponding to an acceleration gradient of 187 GV/m. In the injection stage, the produced electron beam properties can be optimized by adjusting the input laser intensity and the plasma density so that quasimonoenergetic electron beams are obtained owing to the self-focusing effects of the laser beam. The ionization-induced injection scheme has been extensively employed for a capillary discharge plasma waveguide to demonstrate channel-guided LWFA beyond 1 GeV. Using a 4-cm capillary made of oxygen containing acrylic resin results in optically guiding 130 TW 55 fs laser pulse that accelerates electrons up to 1.8 GeV in contrast with no electron acceleration in a polyethylene capillary free of oxygen.
Isolation and characterization of biliprotein aggregates from <i>Acaryochloris marina,</i> a <i>Prochloron</i>‐like prokaryote containing mainly chlorophyll <i>d</i> (1997)

Phycobiliprotein aggregates were isolated from the prokaryote Acaryochloris marina, containing chlorophyll d as major pigment. In the electron microscope the biliprotein aggregates appear as rod-shaped structures of 26.0 x 11.3 nm, composed of four ring-shaped subunits 5.8 nm thick and 11.7 nm in diameter. Spectral data indicate that the aggregates contain two types of biliproteins: phycocyanin and an allophycocyanin-type pigment, with very efficient energy transfer from the phycocyanin- to allophycocyanin-type constituent. The chromophore-binding polypeptides of the pigments have apparent molecular masses of 16.2 and 17.4 kDa. They crossreact with antibodies against phycocyanin and allophycocyanin from a red alga.
Review: the stigma of poverty: challenges, interventions and possibilities 29 September 2016 (2016)

The event was sponsored by Scottish Green Party MSP Patrick Harvie, co-organised by the University of Liverpool, University of Leeds, the Social Policy Association and Poverty Alliance, and featured academics and professionals from each of the organisations, as well as both Glasgow Caledonian University and NHS Health Scotland. Following a brief explanation of the event format from or chair for the night, the University of Leeds’ Dr Kim Allen, Patrick opened proceedings by informing us that he had sponsored the night’s proceedings and arranged to host the event at Holyrood as he feels it essential that the Scottish public have access to what should be rights by their building. He stressed that it is only through public engagement alongside professionals, academics, and policymakers that Scotland can truly hope to make progress in challenging he root causes of and social stigma attached to poverty.
Regenerative Braking System of Electric Vehicle Driven by Brushless DC Motor (2014)

Regenerative braking can improve energy usage efficiency and can prolong the driving distance of electric vehicles (EVs). A creative regenerative braking system (RBS) is presented in this paper. The RBS is adapted to brushless dc (BLDC) motor, and it emphasizes on the distribution of the braking force, as well as BLDC motor control. In this paper, BLDC motor control utilizes the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, and the distribution of braking force adopts fuzzy logic control. Because the fuzzy reasoning is slower than PID control, the braking torque can be real-time controlled by PID control. In comparison to other solutions, the new solution has better performance in regard to realization, robustness, and efficiency. Then, this paper presents the simulation results by analyzing the battery state of charge, braking force, and dc bus current under the environment of MATLAB and Simulink. The simulation results show that the fuzzy logic and PID control can realize the regenerative braking and can prolong the driving distance of EVs under the condition of ensuring braking quality. At last, it is verified that the proposed method is realizable for practical implementation.
Determination of nitrate in deposited aerosol particles by thermal decomposition and chemiluminescence (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of nitrate in deposited aerosol particles by thermal decomposition and chemiluminescenceMasatoshi. Yamamoto and Hiroshi. KosakaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 3, 362–367Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00075a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00075a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and drug addiction (2011)

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that is now being tested for its ability to treat addiction. This review discusses current research approaches and results of studies which measured the therapeutic use of rTMS to treat tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug addiction. The research in this area is limited and therefore all studies evaluating the therapeutic use of rTMS in tobacco, alcohol or illicit drug addiction were retained including case studies through NCBI PubMed ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ) and manual searches. A total of eight studies were identified that examined the ability of rTMS to treat tobacco, alcohol and cocaine addiction. The results of this review indicate that rTMS is effective in reducing the level of cravings for smoking, alcohol, and cocaine when applied at high frequencies to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Furthermore, these studies suggest that repeated sessions of high frequency rTMS over the DLPFC may be most effective in reducing the level of smoking and alcohol consumption. Although work in this area is limited, this review indicates that rTMS is a promising modality for treating drug addiction.
Antisense therapeutics for neurofibromatosis type 1 caused by deep intronic mutations (2009)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting 1:3,500 individuals. Disease expression is highly variable and complications are diverse. However, currently there is no specific treatment for the disease. NF1 is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene, approximately 2.1% of constitutional mutations identified in our population are deep intronic mutations producing the insertion of a cryptic exon into the mature mRNA. We used antisense morpholino oligomers (AMOs) to restore normal splicing in primary fibroblast and lymphocyte cell lines derived from six NF1 patients bearing three deep intronic mutations in the NF1 gene (c.288+2025T>G, c.5749+332A>G, and c.7908-321C>G). AMOs were designed to target the newly created 5' splice sites to prevent the incorporation of cryptic exons. Our results demonstrate that AMO treatment effectively restored normal NF1 splicing at the mRNA level for the three mutations studied in the different cell lines analyzed. We also found that AMOs had a rapid effect that lasted for several days, acting in a sequence-specific manner and interfering with the splicing mechanism. Finally, to test whether the correction of aberrant NF1 splicing also restored neurofibromin function to wild-type levels, we measured the amount of Ras-GTP after AMO treatment in primary fibroblasts. The results clearly show an AMO-dependent decrease in Ras-GTP levels, which is consistent with the restoration of neurofibromin function. To our knowledge this is the first time that an antisense technique has been used successfully to correct NF1 mutations opening the possibility of a therapeutic strategy for this type of mutation not only for NF1 but for other genetic disorders.
Application of a decision support system to strategic warehousing decisions (2009)

Purpose This paper seeks to illustrate the successful development of a warehousing decision support system (WDSS) that aided the Buckeye Cable Vision Incorporated (BCV) in making its strategic warehouse expansion and re‐warehousing decisions. The WDSS utilized by the BCV can be a blue‐print for other companies which would like to improve their warehousing productivity and strengthen the warehousing link to their supply chain. Design/methodology/approach Warehousing costs make up a significant portion of a company's business expenditures. Thus, many companies are pressured to control warehousing costs by improving their warehousing productivity. However, it is not an easy task to improve warehousing productivity given the increased complexity associated with today's warehousing activities such as value‐added services and cross‐docking operations. To cope with such warehousing challenges, a specific decision support system (DSS) that incorporates several computer‐based models into the warehouse decision‐making process is proposed. These models include: a simulation model based on computer‐aided design, an analytic hierarchy process, and a forecasting technique. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed DSS and provide practical guidance for other companies that seek the DSS as a powerful decision‐aid tool, this paper conducted an in‐depth case analysis of the BCV that successfully exploited the WDSS. Findings Through the BCV's case, it was shown that the WDSS could not only enhance warehousing productivity, but could also improve supply chain visibility. Also, it was found that the WDSS success lay in the company's ability to sustain high data quality by standardizing, cleaning, and updating relevant data on a real‐time basis. Originality/value Since the early 1970s, a DSS has attracted attention from both profit and non‐profit organizations. Despite the long history of DSS evolution, it has been rarely applied to strategic warehousing decisions. This paper is one of the first attempts to develop a specific DSS that can assist warehousing managers in documenting warehousing costs, identifying non‐value adding activities, evaluating strategic warehousing alternatives, and utilizing given warehousing resources.
Integrated TaaS platform for mobile development: architecture solutions (2013)

This paper examines the Testing-as-a-Service (TaaS) solutions in mobile development and proposes a universal TaaS platform: Cloud Testing of Mobile Systems (CTOMS). CTOMS is an integrated solution with a core infrastructure that enables the scaling of additional functionalities. The CTOMS's benefits are explained, the architecture of the system is described in detail, and technical solutions are listed based on the feasibility study that resulted in creation of the first version of CTOMS for Android development.
Relationship of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome to Organ Dysfunction, Length of Stay, and Mortality in Critical Surgical Illness (1999)

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome attributable to surgery or surgical stress can be quantitated. Twenty-four hours of ICU resuscitation results in a decline in the SIRS score. The magnitude of the proinflammatory response on the second ICU day may be a useful predictor of outcome in critical surgical illness.
Unraveling the Structure and Function of Melanin through Synthesis (2021)

Melanin is ubiquitous in living organisms across different biological kingdoms of life, making it an important, natural biomaterial. Its presence in nature from microorganisms to higher animals and plants is attributed to the many functions of melanin, including pigmentation, radical scavenging, radiation protection, and thermal regulation. Generally, melanin is classified into five types-eumelanin, pheomelanin, neuromelanin, allomelanin, and pyomelanin-based on the various chemical precursors used in their biosynthesis. Despite its long history of study, the exact chemical makeup of melanin remains unclear, and it moreover has an inherent diversity and complexity of chemical structure, likely including many functions and properties that remain to be identified. Synthetic mimics have begun to play a broader role in unraveling structure and function relationships of natural melanins. In the past decade, polydopamine, which has served as the conventional form of synthetic eumelanin, has dominated the literature on melanin-based materials, while the synthetic analogues of other melanins have received far less attention. In this perspective, we will discuss the synthesis of melanin materials with a special focus beyond polydopamine. We will emphasize efforts to elucidate biosynthetic pathways and structural characterization approaches that can be harnessed to interrogate specific structure-function relationships, including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy. We believe that this timely Perspective will introduce this class of biopolymer to the broader chemistry community, where we hope to stimulate new opportunities in novel, melanin-based poly-functional synthetic materials.
A Rapid Method for Identifying Dye-Marked Fruit Flies2 (1965)

During large-scale evaluations of the sterile insect release method for eradicating fruit flies in the Mariana Islands and Hawaii in 1962–63, (Steiner et al. in press) a rapid method was needed for separating sterile flies from those that had emerged and dispersed naturally. The 5 to 10 million flies that were released weekly required periodic identification of marked individuals in 1800 trap collections to show overflooding ratios attained, dispersal, and longevity. Existing methods did not permit adequate sampling of the fly populations.
A highly reconfigurable 400–1700MHz receiver using a down-converting sigma-delta A/D with 59-dB SNR and 57-dB SFDR over 4-MHz bandwidth (2009)

A highly reconfigurable radio-frequency-to-digital signal converter is presented. Center frequency is precisely defined by a local-oscillator signal, while baseband bandwidth is defined in the digital domain. An SNR of greater than 59 dB across a 4-MHz bandwidth is measured across center frequencies ranging from 400MHz to 1.7GHz. An IIP3 of greater than +19dBm is measured, with an out-of-band 3-dB desensitization level of greater than +1dBm.
New Insights into the Regulation of Signalling by Toll-Like Receptors and Nod-Like Receptors (2010)

The activation of Toll-Like receptors (TLRs) and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) triggers intracellular signalling pathways that lead to effector mechanisms in innate immunity and inflammation. The negative regulation of TLR signalling has been extensively studied. Current areas of research include post-transcriptional regulation by miRNA, post-translational regulation by ubiquitination and regulation by splice variants such as MyD88s, TRAM adaptor with GOLD domain and IRAK2 isoforms. The negative regulation of NLR signalling is a relatively new area of research. Examples include a splice variant of NOD2, the ubiquitin editing enzyme A20, pyrin domain-only proteins and caspase recruitment domain-only proteins which all have a negative effect on NOD2 or NLRP3 signalling. A greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying the negative control of TLR and NLR signalling may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.
The cancer-associated retinopathy antigen is a recoverin-like protein. (1992)

Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a rare form of retinal degeneration that occurs in association with certain forms of cancer. CAR patients typically possess high titers of autoantibodies against a specific photoreceptor protein--the 23 kD retinal CAR antigen. The mechanisms involved in the vision loss experienced by CAR patients are not understood, but serologic studies indicate the process could include a series of autoimmune reactions directed at specific components of the retina. Because the retinal CAR antigen is the principal ocular autoantigen involved in the antibody response of CAR patients, characterizing it would contribute to the understanding of putative autoimmune involvement. Serum antibodies from CAR patients have been used to isolate the gene encoding the CAR antigen from a cDNA library of human retina. Nucleotide sequence analysis suggests that the CAR antigen shows approximately 90% homology to the published amino acid sequence of bovine recoverin.
Short-term continuous infusion of human parathyroid hormone 1–34 fragment is catabolic with decreased trabecular connectivity density accompanied by hypercalcemia in C57BL/J6 mice (2005)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone resorption as well as bone formation in vivo and in organ culture. The catabolic actions of PTH have been recognized in patients with hyperparathyroidism, or with acute infusion of the N-terminal 1-34 fragment of human PTH (hPTH1-34). Whereas the anabolic actions of daily injection with PTH have been well studied in both humans and mice, the catabolic actions of PTH on murine bone remain to be defined. To do this we sought to create a model with short-term, sustained hyperparathyroidism using osmotic infusion pumps. We treated 10-week-old female C57BL/J6 mice with continuous infusion of hPTH1-34 (8.1 pmol/0.25 microl per h, equivalent to 40 microg/kg per day) or vehicle for 2 weeks, using Alzet osmotic pumps. Bone mineral density (BMD), serum total calcium, hPTH1-34, mouse intact PTH (mPTH1-84), osteocalcin and mouse tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (mTRAP) activity, and microarchitectural variables of the distal femur were measured. Separately, we compared the effects of intermittent daily injection of hPTH1-34 (40 microg/kg per day) with continuous infusion of hPTH1-34 on BMD and bone markers. Exogenous hPTH1-34 was detected only in the PTH-infused mice. Both intermittent and continuous treatment with hPTH1-34 markedly suppressed endogenous mPTH1-84, but only the latter induced hypercalcemia. Daily PTH injection significantly increased both serum osteocalcin and mTRAP, while continuous PTH infusion showed a strong trend to stimulate mTRAP, with a slight but non-significant increase in osteocalcin. There were significant differences in BMD at all sites between animals treated with the same daily dose of intermittent and continuous hPTH1-34. Micro-computed tomography (muCT) analysis of the distal femurs revealed that hPTH1-34 infusion significantly decreased trabecular connectivity density (P<0.05). Thus, the murine bone response to continuous PTH infusion was quite different from that seen with daily PTH injection. Short-term infusion of hPTH1-34 appears to be a good model to study the mechanisms underlying the catabolic action of PTH in mice.
Proffessor T.W. Anderson (1986)

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Characterization of Polymers Found in an Oxygen Environment (1997)

The characterization of polymers can be a diverse process involving many different techniques. When dealing with an oxygen environment, the identification of compatible polymeric materials is essential, especially in an ever changing chlorofluorocarbon solvent-free world. At the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), this task is accomplished by the Materials Science Division. Infrared analysis (IRS) is the technique used to identify molecular structure, and along with chemical or electronic separation techniques, additives or contaminants can be identified. Other techniques such as thermal analysis can be used to identify transitional changes and suggest similar versus different chemical compositions. X-ray Photoelectron Microscopy (XPS) can identify surface composition or degradation and elemental ratios. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) addresses outgassing properties and their effect on the oxygen environment. This paper will address the forensics of polymer identification using such combination techniques as IRS and thermal analysis, and highlight other techniques utilized in this challenging effort.