gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PITALRE, a nuclear CDC2-related protein kinase that phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein in vitro. (1994)

Members of the cell division cycle 2 (CDC2) family of kinases play a pivotal role in the regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle. In this communication, we report the isolation of a cDNA that encodes a CDC2-related human protein kinase temporarily designated PITALRE for the characteristic Pro-Ile-Thr-Ala-Leu-Arg-Glu motif. Its deduced amino acid sequence is 47% identical to that of the human cholinesterase-related cell division controller (CHED) kinase, which is required during hematopoiesis, and 42% identical to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SGV1 gene product, a putative kinase involved in the response to pheromone via its guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha subunit. PITALRE expression is ubiquitous, but its expression levels are different in various human tissues. PITALRE is an approximately 43-kDa protein that associates with three cellular polypeptides of 80, 95, and 155 kDa. PITALRE is localized primarily to the nucleus. In addition, we have identified a retinoblastoma protein kinase activity associated with PITALRE immunocomplexes that cannot phosphorylate histone H1, suggesting that the target phosphorylation site of PITALRE differs from that of CDC2 kinase. Interestingly, the retinoblastoma kinase activity associated with PITALRE does not oscillate during the cell cycle.
Brain amyloid-β oligomers in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease (2013)

Alzheimer's disease begins about two decades before the onset of symptoms or neuron death, and is believed to be caused by pathogenic amyloid-β aggregates that initiate a cascade of molecular events culminating in widespread neurodegeneration. The microtubule binding protein tau may mediate the effects of amyloid-β in this cascade. Amyloid plaques comprised of insoluble, fibrillar amyloid-β aggregates are the most characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease. However, the correspondence between the distribution of plaques and the pattern of neurodegeneration is tenuous. This discrepancy has stimulated the investigation of other amyloid-β aggregates, including soluble amyloid-β oligomers. Different soluble amyloid-β oligomers have been studied in several mouse models, but not systematically in humans. Here, we measured three amyloid-β oligomers previously described in mouse models-amyloid-β trimers, Aβ*56 and amyloid-β dimers-in brain tissue from 75 cognitively intact individuals, ranging from young children to the elderly, and 58 impaired subjects with mild cognitive impairment or probable Alzheimer's disease. As in mouse models, where amyloid-β trimers appear to be the fundamental amyloid-β assembly unit of Aβ*56 and are present in young mice prior to memory decline, amyloid-β trimers in humans were present in children and adolescents; their levels rose gradually with age and were significantly above baseline in subjects in their 70s. Aβ*56 levels were negligible in children and young adults, rose significantly above baseline in subjects in their 40s and increased steadily thereafter. Amyloid-β dimers were undetectable until subjects were in their 60s; their levels then increased sharply and correlated with plaque load. Remarkably, in cognitively intact individuals we found strong positive correlations between Aβ*56 and two pathological forms of soluble tau (tau-CP13 and tau-Alz50), and negative correlations between Aβ*56 and two postsynaptic proteins (drebrin and fyn kinase), but none between amyloid-β dimers or amyloid-β trimers and tau or synaptic proteins. Comparing impaired with age-matched unimpaired subjects, we found the highest levels of amyloid-β dimers, but the lowest levels of Aβ*56 and amyloid-β trimers, in subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease. In conclusion, in cognitively normal adults Aβ*56 increased ahead of amyloid-β dimers or amyloid-β trimers, and pathological tau proteins and postsynaptic proteins correlated with Aβ*56, but not amyloid-β dimers or amyloid-β trimers. We propose that Aβ*56 may play a pathogenic role very early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Interferon-induced Mx proteins form oligomers and contain a putative leucine zipper. (1992)

Interferons induce a number of different proteins that mediate the antiproliferative, antiviral, and immunomodulatory functions of interferons. At least three different proteins mediate the antiviral response, and one of them, Mx protein, specifically inhibits the replication of influenza virus and (vesicular stomatitis virus). Mouse and rat Mx1 proteins are nuclear, whereas other presently known Mx proteins are cytoplasmic. The cellular functions of Mx proteins are unknown, but all of them contain a consensus GTP binding site. Very little information is available on the structure and characteristics of the mouse Mx1 protein itself. For biochemical characterization, we expressed mouse Mx1 protein in a baculovirus system and purified it to homogeneity. The purified protein as well as the authentic murine cellular Mx1 protein exists in dimers and trimers in the presence of dissociating solvents, whereas in physiological buffers they form aggregates. Cross-linking experiments done on Mx-expressing cells from various species revealed that mouse, rat, and human Mx proteins exist predominantly in trimers. Amino acid sequence analysis shows that all known Mx proteins have conserved leucine repeats typical for a leucine zipper at their COOH-terminal end. In vitro translation of chimeric catechol O-methyltransferase-Mx1 gene constructs revealed that the leucine zipper domain of Mx1 protein is responsible for the oligomerization. The COOH terminus also functions as a nuclear localization signal. Microinjection of purified oligomers into the cell cytoplasm resulted in a fast accumulation of the protein in the resulted in a fast accumulation of the protein in the nucleus. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that nuclear murine Mx1 protein exists in distinct, electron-dense structures separate from nuclear membrane, and chromatin, or nucleolus. These observations reveal that a COOH-terminal leucine zipper domain is an important structural element of all Mx proteins. Its relevance to the biology and functions of Mx proteins is presently not known.
A functional antibody lacking <i>N</i>‐linked glycans is efficiently folded, assembled and secreted by tobacco mesophyll protoplasts (2005)

A potential drawback in the use of plants as an expression platform for pharmaceutical proteins such as antibodies is that plant-specific N-glycosylation can result in proteins with altered function and potential antigenicity. In many cases, the N-glycans are essential for the correct folding, assembly and transport of the recombinant proteins. We tested whether progressive removal of glycosylation sites had a detrimental effect on the synthesis, assembly and secretion of a plant-made immunoglobulin G, Guy's 13. Our results indicate that the plant secretory pathway can cope well with aglycosylated antibody chains. The immunoglobulin without N-linked glycans is correctly assembled and secreted by tobacco protoplasts. Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also shows that antigen-binding properties are unaffected. Our results therefore suggest one possible alternative to the engineering of a humanized glycosylation machinery in plants.
Which Fractal Parameter Contributes Most to Adhesion? (2011)

When a liquid meniscus is formed around the contact area of two neighboring surfaces, a force is exerted on the contacting surfaces due to the surface tension of the liquid and the curvature of the meniscus. This is called a capillary force. Capillary forces play important roles in studies of adhesion between particles and particles to flat or curved surfaces, adhesion of insects and small animals, particle processing, friction, etc. Compared to body forces, the relative strength of the capillary force becomes larger as the size of the object decreases, and, unless avoided, immediately leads to the “stiction” problem in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
WEST: Weighted-Edge Based Similarity Measurement Tools for Word Semantics (2010)

Our recent study discovers that humans are more sensitive to the semantic difference caused by categorization than specification. Based on this new discovery, this paper proposes a novel weighted edge approach embedding the specification levels of both words and their Least Common Ancestor (LCA) into a weighted graph distance by exponentially decreasing the weight along its specification level. Experimental studies show that the similarity value obtained by this new method closely matches human perception. Based on this new method, online tools for word similarity measure are implemented as Web services.
Evaluating the performance of convolutional codes over block fading channels (1999)

This correspondence considers union upper bound techniques for error control codes with limited interleaving over block fading Rician channels. A modified bounding technique is presented that relies on limiting the conditional union bound before averaging over the fading process. This technique, although analytically not very attractive, provides tight and hence useful numerical results.
Assessing product image quality for online shopping (2011)

Assessing product-image quality is important in the context of online shopping. A high quality image that conveys more information about a product can boost the buyer's confidence and can get more attention. However, the notion of image quality for product-images is not the same as that in other domains. The perception of quality of product-images depends not only on various photographic quality features but also on various high level features such as clarity of the foreground or goodness of the background etc. In this paper, we define a notion of product-image quality based on various such features. We conduct a crowd-sourced experiment to collect user judgments on thousands of eBay's images. We formulate a multi-class classification problem for modeling image quality by classifying images into good, fair and poor quality based on the guided perceptual notions from the judges. We also conduct experiments with regression using average crowd-sourced human judgments as target. We compute a pseudo-regression score with expected average of predicted classes and also compute a score from the regression technique. We design many experiments with various sampling and voting schemes with crowd-sourced data and construct various experimental image quality models. Most of our models have reasonable accuracies (greater or equal to 70%) on test data set. We observe that our computed image quality score has a high (0.66) rank correlation with average votes from the crowd sourced human judgments.
Three-Phase On-Board Integrated Bidirectional EV Battery Charger with Power Factor Correction (2019)

This paper deals with an integrated on-board charger for an electric vehicle (EV) that integrates nine-phase traction motor and inverter already present in an electric vehicle for propulsion into the charging operation. This charger utilizes extra degrees of freedom available in the nine-phase machine to provide charging/vehicle to grid (V2G) operation without any torque generation. The charger is also capable of providing unity power factor (UPF) operation when it is connected to three-phase grid outlet and doesn't require any hardware rearrangement between charging/V2G and propulsion operation mode. Theoretical analysis is provided for symmetrical as well as asymmetrical nine-phase systems. Control strategy for charging and V2G operation is discussed. Finally theoretical concepts are justified by the appropriate simulations in both charging as well as V2G operation mode.
Inhibition of Interleukin-1- -Induced Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Smooth Muscle and Full Reversal of Interleukin-1- -Induced Hypotension by N -Amino-L-arginine (1992)

Administration of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase can reverse the pathological cardiovascular effects of IL-1 at concentrations that do not interfere with the potentially useful immunoproliferative or tumoricidal effects of this cytokine. In the context of the current clinical trials of IL-1, this finding would represent a very significant advantage.
Epitope analysis of Ara h 2 and Ara h 6: characteristic patterns of IgE‐binding fingerprints among individuals with similar clinical histories (2014)

IgE from patients with more severe clinical histories recognize fewer linear epitopes of Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 than do subjects with milder reactions and bind these epitopes in characteristic patterns. Close examination of IgE binding to epitopes of Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 may have prognostic value.
Effect of Garlic on Total Serum Cholesterol (1993)

Meta-analysis of the controlled trials of garlic to reduce hypercholesterolemia showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels. The best available evidence suggests that garlic, in an amount approximating one half to one clove per day, decreased total serum cholesterol levels by about 9% in the groups of patients studied.
Network layer support for service discovery in mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

Service discovery is an integral part of the ad hoc networking to achieve stand-alone and self-configurable communication networks. In this paper, we discuss possible service discovery architectures along with the required network support for their implementation, and we propose a distributed service discovery architecture which relies on a virtual backbone for locating and registering available services within a dynamic network topology. Our proposal consists of two independent components: (i) formation of a virtual backbone and (ii) distribution of service registrations, requests, and replies. The first component creates a mesh structure from a subset of a given network graph that includes the nodes acting as service brokers and a subset of paths (which we refer as virtual links) connecting them. Service broker nodes (SBNs) constitute a dominating set, i.e. all the nodes in the network are either in this set or only one-hop away from at least one member of the set. The second component establishes subtrees rooted at service requesting nodes and registering servers for efficient dissemination of the service discovery probing messages. Extensive simulation results are provided for comparison of performance measures. i.e. latency, success rate, and control message overhead, when different architectures and network support mechanisms are utilized in service discovery.
Human snRNP polypeptide D1 promotes pre-mRNA splicing in yeast and defines nonessential yeast Smd1p sequences (1993)

Parallel investigations of yeast and metazoan pre-mRNA splicing have documented enormous complexity in the nucleic acid and protein components of the cellular splicing apparatus, the spliceosome. The degree to which yeast and metazoan spliceosomal proteins differ in composition and structure is currently unknown. In this report we demonstrate that the human small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) polypeptide D1 complements the cell lethality, splicing deficiency, and snRNA instability phenotypes associated with a yeast smd1 null allele. Mutational analysis of yeast SMD1, guided by a comparison of the predicted yeast and human proteins, reveals that a large, nonconserved portion of Smd1p is dispensable for biological activity. These observations firmly establish D1 as an essential component of the cellular splicing apparatus and suggest that yeast and metazoa are remarkably similar in the polypeptides guiding early snRNP assembly.
15 GHz VLBI detection of the HST-1 feature in the M87 jet (2008)

A bright feature 100 pc away from the core in the powerful jet of M 87 shows mysterious properties. Earlier radio, optical and X-ray observations have shown that this feature, labelled HST-1, is superluminal, and is possibly connected with the TeV flare detected by HESS in 2005. To examine the possible blazar-like nature of HST-1, we analyzed 2 cm VLBA data from dedicated full-track observations and the 2 cm survey/MOJAVE VLBI monitoring programs observed from 2000 to 2008. Applying wide-field imaging techniques, the HST-1 region was imaged at milliarcsecond resolutions. Here we present the first 15 GHz VLBI detection of this feature and discuss the connection between our radio findings and the TeV detection.
Imaging Atherosclerosis and Vulnerable Plaque (2010)

Identifying patients at high risk for an acute cardiovascular event such as myocardial infarction or stroke and assessing the total atherosclerotic burden are clinically important. Currently available imaging modalities can delineate vascular wall anatomy and, with novel probes, target biologic processes important in plaque evolution and plaque stability. Expansion of the vessel wall involving remodeling of the extracellular matrix can be imaged, as can angiogenesis of the vasa vasorum, plaque inflammation, and fibrin deposits on early nonocclusive vascular thrombosis. Several imaging platforms are available for targeted vascular imaging to acquire information on both anatomy and pathobiology in the same imaging session using either hybrid technology (nuclear combined with CT) or MRI combined with novel probes targeting processes identified by molecular biology to be of importance. This article will discuss the current state of the art of these modalities and challenges to clinical translation.
microRNAs and the immune response (2009)

Although the immune response is predominantly controlled at the transcriptional level, microRNA-mediated RNA interference is emerging as an important regulatory mechanism that operates at the translation level. Specifically, recent studies indicate that those miRNAs that are selectively and/or highly expressed in immune cells including the miR-17-92 cluster, miR-150, miR-155, miR-181 and miR-223 have a 'permissive' function in the maturation, proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid cells. Importantly, these actions of miRNAs often involve interactions with transcription factors. In contrast, the rapid and transient induction of miR-9, miR-146a and miR-155 has been speculated to negatively regulate the acute responses following activation of innate immune through down-regulation of proteins involved in the receptor-induced signalling pathways.
Kinetics of Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Decomposition of Phenol over Anatase TiO2 Powder (1985)

Abstract The photocatalytic decomposition of phenol over anatase TiO2 powder followed the first-order kinetics, upto high conversions, of which the apparent rate constant kap depended on initial concentration of phenol [phenol]0, [TiO2], O2 pressure pO2, and incident light intensity I. The dependence of the initial reaction rate Ω0 on [phenol]0 showed characteristic curvature convex to the concentration axis. The pO2 dependence of both Ω0 and kap was very similar each other and showed characteristic curvature to the pO2 axis. The dependence of both Ω0 and kap on [phenol]0 was affected by the [TiO2] and I. Both Ω0 and kap were proportional to I below ca. 1×10−5 mol m−2 s−1 and to I1⁄2 above 2×10−5 mol m−2 s−1. The activation energy was 10 kJ/mol. The results were satisfactorily explained by the equation; Ω=φ·OHIan\fracKO2pO21+KO2pO2·\frac[phenol][phenol]0+β, where Ω is the reaction rate; φ·OHIan, a parameter related to the formation rate of ·OH radicals or real reactive species; KO2, the equilibrium constant of Langmuir adsorption of O2; β, the ratio of the combined first-order rate constant of the reaction of ·OH with species other than organic compounds to the second-order rate constant of the reaction of ·OH with phenol.
Denaturation of lysozyme and myoglobin in laser spray (2005)

In laser spray, the tip of an electrospray capillary is irradiated with a continuous CO(2) laser beam. Here, we report results from a modified laser spray method that employs a relatively low laser irradiance level. With a laser power of approximately 2 W and a focal spot size ( approximately 0.3 mm), which covered the entire front surface of the electrospray capillary, the irradiance was approximately 3 x 10(3) W/cm(2). This resulted in a quiescent and smooth vaporization of aqueous solutions. This "evaporation-mode" laser spray method yielded the best results so far obtained in our laboratory with laser-irradiated electrospray, producing higher and more stable signals. The method was applied to the analysis of aqueous solutions of lysozyme and myoglobin. Mass spectra were obtained as a function of laser power from 0 W (electrospray) to approximately 2 W. The spray generated at the tip of the stainless steel capillary was observed with a CCD camera. With increase of laser power, the droplets in the spray became finer and the Taylor cone became progressively smaller. The strongest ion signals were recorded when the sample solution protruded only slightly from the tip of the capillary. A broadening of the lysozyme charge-state distribution, attributable to protein unfolding, was observed with a laser power of 2 W. No denaturation of myoglobin took place up to a laser power of 1.6 W. However, a sudden onset of denaturation was observed at 1.8 W as a broadening of the myoglobin charge distribution and the appearance of apo-myoglobin peaks. These findings demonstrate that laser spray is capable of dissociating the noncovalent complexes selectively without breaking covalent bonds.
Energy parameters in polypeptides. 9. Updating of geometrical parameters, nonbonded interactions, and hydrogen bond interactions for the naturally occurring amino acids (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnergy parameters in polypeptides. 9. Updating of geometrical parameters, nonbonded interactions, and hydrogen bond interactions for the naturally occurring amino acidsGeorge Nemethy, Marcia S. Pottle, and Harold A. ScheragaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 11, 1883–1887Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100234a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100234a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1048Altmetric-Citations872LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Violacein Extracted from <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> Inhibits <i>Plasmodium</i> Growth In Vitro and In Vivo (2009)

Violacein is a violet pigment extracted from the gram-negative bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum. It presents bactericidal, tumoricidal, trypanocidal, and antileishmanial activities. We show that micromolar concentrations efficiently killed chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro; inhibited parasitemia in vivo, even after parasite establishment; and protected Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi-infected mice from a lethal challenge.