gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radioiodinated 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethylpentadecanoic acid: a useful new agent to evaluate myocardial fatty acid uptake. (1986)

Radioiodinated 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethylpentadecanoic acid (DMIPP) has been prepared as a new terminal iodophenyl-substituted fatty acid containing dimethyl-branching at the beta position. For the synthesis of this new agent, chain homologation was accomplished by fabrication of a 2,5-disubstituted thiophene by successive Friedel-Crafts acylation and Wolff-Kishner reduction reactions, followed by thiophene ring opening. The dimethyl-branching was introduced using the monomethyl ester of dimethylglutaryl chloride. Radioiodination of the 15-phenyl-3,3-dimethylpentadecanoic acid substrate in the para position then gave DMIPP. Iodine-125-labeled DMIPP showed rapid, high myocardial uptake (min, mean % injected dose/g) in fasted rats (5, 4.67; 30, 5.06; 60, 4.79; 120, 4.37), and also exhibited good heart:blood ratios (min, heart:blood: 5, 3:1; 30, 12:1; 60, 12:1; 120, 13:1). To further evaluate the effects of dimethyl-branching, the biodistribution properties of DMIPP were compared with the 3-monomethyl-branched (15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-R,S-methylpentadecanoic acid; BMIPP) and the unbranched (15-(p-iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid; IPP) analogs. A triple-labeled [123I]DMIPP/[131I]BMIPP/[125I]IPP mixture was administered to groups of fasted rats. These results confirmed the greater myocardial retention and higher heart:blood ratios observed with DMIPP in comparison with both the 3-monomethyl-(BMIPP) and unbranched (IPP) analogs. These data suggest that [123I]DMIPP is an excellent candidate for clinical evaluation of regional energy substrates (fatty acid) uptake.
Common subexpression elimination involving multiple variables for linear DSP synthesis (2004)

Common subexpression elimination is commonly employed to reduce the number of operations in DSP algorithms after decomposing constant multiplications into shifts and additions. Conventional optimization techniques for finding common subexpressions can optimize constant multiplications with only a single variable at a time, and hence cannot fully optimize the computations with multiple variables found in matrix form of linear systems like DCT, DFT etc. We transform these computations such that all common subexpressions involving any number of variables can be detected. We then present heuristic algorithms to select the best set of common subexpressions. Experimental results show the superiority of our technique over conventional techniques for common subexpression elimination.
THE EVOLUTION OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND WEEDS (1952)

Journal Article THE EVOLUTION OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND WEEDS Get access G. Ledyard Stebbins Jr. G. Ledyard Stebbins Jr. University of California Davis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Evolution, Volume 6, Issue 4, 1 December 1952, Pages 445–448, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1952.tb01445.x Published: 01 December 1952
The Psychology of Good Judgment (1996)

Mind and environment evolve in tandem--almost a platitude. Much of judgment and decision making research, however, has compared cognition to standard statistical models, rather than to how well it is adapted to its environment. The author argues two points. First, cognitive algorithms are tuned to certain information formats, most likely to those that humans have encountered during their evolutionary history. In particular, Bayesian computations are simpler when the information is in a frequency format than when it is in a probability format. The author investigates whether frequency formats can make physicians reason more often the Bayesian way. Second cognitive algorithms need to operate under constraints of limited time, knowledge, and computational power, and they need to exploit the structures of their environments. The author describes a fast and frugal algorithm. Take The Best, that violates standard principles of rational inference but can be as accurate as sophisticated "optimal" models for diagnostic inference.
The Information System Consultant’s Handbook (2010)

From the Publisher:
The Information System Consultant's Handbook familiarizes systems analysts, systems designers, and information systems consultants with underlying principles, specific documentation, and methodologies. Eighty-two chapters comprise the book, and each chapter covers a single tool, technique, set of principles, or methodology. The clear, concise narrative, supplemented with numerous illustrations and diagrams, makes the material accessible for readers - effectively outlining new and unfamiliar analysis and design topics.
Time-dependent blood flow and oxygenation in human skeletal muscles measured with noninvasive near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopies (2005)

We have employed near-infrared optical methods to measure noninvasively the dynamics of muscle blood flow and oxygen saturation (StO2) during cuff occlusion and plantar flexion exercise. Relative muscle oxygen consumption (rVO2) was also computed from these data. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy provides information about blood flow, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy provides information about blood oxygenation. Ten healthy subjects and one patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) were studied during 3-min arterial cuff occlusion of arm and leg, and during 1-min plantar flexion exercise. Signals from different layers (cutaneous tissues and muscles) during cuff occlusion were differentiated, revealing strong hemodynamic responses from muscle layers. During exercise in healthy legs, the observed approximately 4.7 fold increase in relative blood flow (rBF) was significantly lower than the corresponding increase in rVO2 (approximately 7 fold). The magnitudes of rBF and rVO2 during exercise in the PAD patient were approximately 1/2 of the healthy controls, and the StO2 recovery time was twice that of the controls. The hybrid instrument improves upon current technologies for measuring muscle responses by simultaneously measuring rBF and StO2. The instrument thus provides a method for evaluation of microcirculation and muscle metabolism in patients with vascular diseases.
Recording characteristics of a head with higher saturation flux density on the trailing edge pole (1996)

Recording characteristics of a MIG type head with different saturation flux density in leading and trailing edge poles are investigated, by using an obliquely oriented thin film tape. The present head has a saturation flux density on the trailing edge pole of 1.3 T, while it is 1.0 T on the leading edge pole. The head is found to exhibit higher reproduced output than a head with a saturation flux density of 1.3 T or 1.0 T on both leading and trailing edge poles, although such high performance of the present head is not observed when it is used with leading and trailing sides alternated. Head field distribution of the present head is supposed to be asymmetric to the head gap center and exhibit relatively larger head field gradient on the trailing side, resulting in narrower transition width in the magnetic layer of the tape.
Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction Using a High-Sensitivity Troponin I 1-Hour Algorithm (2016)

Patients with possible AMI can be triaged within 1 hour after admission with no loss of safety compared with a 3-hour approach, when a low and sensitive cutoff is applied. This concept enables safe discharge or rapid treatment initiation after 1 hour.
Degradation mechanisms in Li-ion batteries: a state-of-the-art review (2017)

One of the most prominent energy storage technologies which are under continuous development, especially for mobile applications, is the Li-ion batteries due to their superior gravimetric and volumetric energy density. However, limited cycle life of Li-ion batteries inhibits their extended use in stationary energy storage applications. To enable wider market penetration of Li-ion batteries, detailed understanding of the degradation mechanisms is required. A typical Li-ion battery comprised of an active material, binder, separator, current collector, and electrolyte, and the interaction between these components plays a critical role in successful operation of such batteries. Degradation of Li-ion batteries can have both chemical and mechanical origins and manifests itself by capacity loss, power fading or both. Mechanical degradation mechanisms are associated with the volume changes and stress generated during repetitive intercalation of Li ions into the active material, whereas chemical degradation mechanisms are associated with the parasitic side reactions such as solid electrolyte interphase formation, electrolyte decomposition/reduction and active material dissolution. In this study, the main degradation mechanisms in Li-ion batteries are reviewed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heavy-Metal Adsorption Behavior of Two-Dimensional Alkalization-Intercalated MXene by First-Principles Calculations (2015)

The two-dimensional (2D) layered MXene (Ti3C2(OH)xF2–x) material can be alkalization intercalated to achieve heavy-metal ion adsorption. Herein the adsorption kinetics of heavy-metal ions and the effect of intercalated sites on adsorption have been interpreted by first-principles with density functional theory. When the coverage of the heavy-metal ion is larger than 1/9 monolayer, the two-dimensional alkalization-intercalated MXene (alk-MXene: Ti3C2(OH)2) exhibits strong heavy-metal ion absorbability. The hydrogen atoms around the adsorbed heavy-metal atom are prone to form a hydrogen potential trap, maintaining charge equilibrium. In addition, the ion adsorption efficiency of alk-MXene decreases due to the occupation of the F atom but accelerates by the intercalation of Li, Na, and K atoms. More importantly, the hydroxyl site vertical to the titanium atom shows a stronger trend of removing the metal ion than other positions.
A study of handcuff improvements (1980)

Designs for improving the security of present day ratchet and pawl metallic handcuffs are presented, Tv;o methods utilizing a new lock feature were developed that significantly improve the lock.
Copper Transporting<scp>ATP</scp>ases in Mammalian Cells (2004)

Abstract Copper‐transporting ATP ases ( Cu‐ATPases ) are essential for growth and development of mammalian organisms. These ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved transporters participate in the biosynthesis of copper‐dependent enzymes and maintain copper levels within the range necessary to meet metabolic demands and avoid toxicity. Cu‐ATPases are the key components of sophisticated cellular machinery that evolved to provide precise inter‐ and intracellular distribution of metals, and the function of these transporters is tightly regulated. Copper along with a growing number of cytosolic proteins controls the activity, stability, and localization of Cu‐ATPases ; this regulation ensures balance between the delivery of copper to metalloenzymes in various cell compartments and copper export. Inactivating mutations in human Cu‐ ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B are associated with debilitating and often lethal disorders (Menkes disease and Wilson's disease, respectively). Biochemical and biophysical studies of ATP7A and ATP7B revealed multiple metal‐binding sites, complex multi‐domain architecture, and a significant role of interdomain interactions in the function and regulation of these transporters. This article summarizes the current data on the structure and mechanism of human Cu‐ ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B , as well as the biochemical basis of their regulation.
Quantitative Aspects of the Production of Superoxide Anion Radical by Milk Xanthine Oxidase (1970)

At pH 7.0, in air, 20% of the total electron flux through xanthine oxidase can be accounted for in terms of the univalent reduction of oxygen. The fraction of the total flux of electrons which traversed the univalent pathway to oxygen was increased by raising the pH and by raising the oxygen tension. It was further shown that at any given pH and oxygen tension, the amount of univalently reduced oxygen, which was detectable in terms of the reduction of cytochrome c, rose as the turnover rate of the enzyme was decreased by decreasing the concentration of xanthine. This effect of xanthine was more pronounced at pH 7.0 than at pH 10.0. Another reflection of this same phenomenon was a difference in Km for xanthine measured in terms of urate production as compared to Km for xanthine measured in terms of cytochrome c reduction. Here too the differences were diminished as the pH and the oxygen tension were raised. The quantitative aspects of these phenomena are presented as well as an explanation which is consistent with all of the observations and which was, in fact, predictive of several of them.
Influence of Damage on the Vibration Response of Composite Laminates (1995)

Abstract The influence of delaminations on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a composite laminate are investigated using finite element analysis. Analytical studies are conducted on laminated beams and plates containing various sizes and locations of delamination. Special attention is focused on the vibration response corresponding to higher mode numbers, that is, in the intermediate frequency regime (&lt;10kHz). Only the flexural vibrations are considered due to the greater influence that delaminations have on this mode of vibration, and since it is the predominant mode in this frequency regime. Based on the results of this study, a methodology for determining the size and location of damage is suggested with the use of embedded piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Work is currently in progress to develop a health monitoring system for determining the presence and location of damage in a composite panel. The system works by exciting piezoelectrics embedded into the structure with broad band energy and monitoring changes in the structural response. Pattern recognition techniques are then used to identify structural defects.
A dynamic programming approach to first arrival traveltime computation in media with arbitrarily distributed velocities (1992)

Abstract Curved-ray tomographic traveltime inversion, reverse-time migration and various other seismic modeling applications require the calculation of traveltime and raypath information throughout a two- or three-dimensional medium. When arbitrary velocity distributions and curved rays are involved, traditional ray shooting or bending procedures can be time consuming and error prone. A two-dimensional dynamic programming traveltime computation technique, based upon Fermat's principle, uses simple calculus techniques and a systematic mapping scheme to determine first-arrival times on a uniform grid, given an arbitrary, discrete velocity distribution. It accurately handles large contrast, discontinuous velocity distributions, including those that generate caustics. First arrival seismic energy can travel either as transmitted waves, diffracted waves, or headwaves, and this technique models all types.The traveltime computations begin with starting values computed near the source location. Then, the mapping systematically steps through the grid, where each new arrival time is calculated using two previously computed 'neighbor' traveltimes. We present two mapping procedures, a brute force approach that advances across the grid one column (or row) at a time and a more natural approach that computes times along expanding rectangles.Isotime lines within the traveltime grid represent wavefronts, and seismic raypaths can be numerically computed through the traveltime grid as orthogonal trajectories to the wavefronts. Such a forward model was used in a curved-raypath tomographic inversion program to successfully invert a physical model crosshole data set. The traveltime computation algorithm also performed successfully on several difficult velocity models. On a discontinuous, large contrast velocity model, traveltimes agreed to within 0.12 percent with those of an accurate ray-tracing program.
Immunological determination of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels: a comparison with other fecal occult blood tests. (1992)

Immunological determination of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels was performed in inpatients on an unrestricted diet, including patients with colon cancer or polyps and a control group. When hemoglobin levels of 5.1 micrograms/g feces and transferrin levels of 0.4 microgram/g feces were designated as positive, 48 of the 60 fecal specimens from colon cancer patients were positive. This result was significantly superior to that for another fecal occult blood immunological test (FECA-EIA) (p less than 0.005), and similar to the results of two chemical tests (guaiac and Hemoccult). Twenty-eight of the 78 fecal specimens from patients with colonic polyps were positive, again a result superior to the FECA-EIA (p less than 0.005) and similar to the chemical tests. Three of the 99 control fecal specimens were positive, which was a similar result to that obtained with the FECA-EIA and significantly superior to the chemical tests (both p less than 0.005). Thus, combined detection of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels can be used as a fecal occult blood test in patients without dietary restriction.
Structural and Mechanistic Studies of Pesticin, a Bacterial Homolog of Phage Lysozymes (2012)

Yersinia pestis produces and secretes a toxin named pesticin that kills related bacteria of the same niche. Uptake of the bacteriocin is required for activity in the periplasm leading to hydrolysis of peptidoglycan. To understand the uptake mechanism and to investigate the function of pesticin, we combined crystal structures of the wild type enzyme, active site mutants, and a chimera protein with in vivo and in vitro activity assays. Wild type pesticin comprises an elongated N-terminal translocation domain, the intermediate receptor binding domain, and a C-terminal activity domain with structural analogy to lysozyme homologs. The full-length protein is toxic to bacteria when taken up to the target site via the outer or the inner membrane. Uptake studies of deletion mutants in the translocation domain demonstrate their critical size for import. To further test the plasticity of pesticin during uptake into bacterial cells, the activity domain was replaced by T4 lysozyme. Surprisingly, this replacement resulted in an active chimera protein that is not inhibited by the immunity protein Pim. Activity of pesticin and the chimera protein was blocked through introduction of disulfide bonds, which suggests unfolding as the prerequisite to gain access to the periplasm. Pesticin, a muramidase, was characterized by active site mutations demonstrating a similar but not identical residue pattern in comparison with T4 lysozyme.
Classes of convolution type operators on unions of bounded intervals (2013)

An invertibility theory for classes of convolution type operators on a union of bounded intervals whose kernels have Fourier transforms which are related to solutions of corona problems is established and the corresponding formulas for the inverse operators are given. A generalization of the portuguese transformation for matrix functions is obtained and is used to establish the invertibility theory for one of the above mentioned classes of operators. The same transformation allows, also, to establish the equivalence between convolution type operators on an union of disjoint intervals and convolution type operators on a bounded interval.
Electrostatically Controlled Linear Inchworm Actuator for Precise Step and Parallel Motion (2006)

This paper presents electrostatically controlled linear inchworm actuator for precise step and parallel motion. Electrostatically controlled linear inchworm actuator can provide a high accuracy (nm order), a large stroke (mm order) and parallel motion of multi sliders. Micro electro mechanical systems technology allows batch fabricated multi sliders. Batch-fabricated multi sliders can be driven by a proposed strategy based on an inchworm motion. Electrostatically controlled linear inchworm actuator employs an electrostatic clutch mechanism in order to control motion transmission from a piezoelectric oscillator to multi sliders for the inchworm motion. Independent control of motions of multi sliders arranged on a single driving system with the piezoelectric oscillator will be presented. This paper reports design, fabrication and demonstration of a proposed system, followed by a prospect of our study toward dynamic gain equalizer as optical application.
Characterization of Distortion Reduction for Single-Phase Multiple Inverter Operation (2007)

A technique for reducing the total harmonic distortion in the voltage output of naturally sampled pulse width modulated inverters is investigated. This technique is based on synchronization of parallel-connected inverters and makes use of a phase-shift in transistor gating between these inverters. Often, in practice parallel inverters are operated with no synchronization, resulting in far less than optimal harmonic distortion reduction. The output waveform of a single inverter, two parallel inverters, and three parallel inverters is analyzed and compared in simulation and experimentally. This is done for two and three level pulse width modulation, for several values of modulation index, and different carrier to fundamental frequency ratios. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that a significant reduction in total harmonic distortion occurs using the synchronization technique, and observations are provided on the ability to reduce harmonic distortion in multiple inverter systems.
HYBRID TCP/UDP video transport for H.264/AVC content delivery in burst loss networks (2011)

In this paper we propose a hybrid TCP/UDP transport, specifically for H.264/AVC encoded video, as a compromise between the delay-prone TCP and the loss-prone UDP. When implementing the hybrid approach, we argue that the playback at the receiver often need not be 100% perfect, provided that a certain level of quality is assured. Reliable TCP is used to transmit and guarantee delivery of the most important packets. This allows use of additional features in the H.264/AVC standard which simultaneously provide an enhanced playback quality, in addition to a reduction in throughput. These benefits are demonstrated through experimental results using a test-bed to emulate the hybrid proposal. We compare the proposed system with other protection methods, such as FEC, and in one case show that for the same bandwidth overhead, FEC is unable to match the performance of the hybrid system in terms of playback quality. Furthermore, we measure the delay associated with our approach, and examine its potential for use as an alternative to the conventional methods of transporting video by either TCP or UDP alone.
Motor current signature analysis and its applications in induction motor fault diagnosis (2008)

(MCSA) is considered the most popular fault detection method now a day because it can easily detect the common machine fault such as turn to turn short ckt, cracked /broken rotor bars, bearing deterioration etc. The present paper discusses the fundamentals of Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) plus condition monitoring of the induction motor using MCSA. In addition, this paper presents four case studies of induction motor fault diagnosis. The results show that Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) can effectively detect abnormal operating conditions in induction motor applications. I.