gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FlashKV (2017)

As the cost-per-bit of solid state disks is decreasing quickly, SSDs are supplanting HDDs in many cases, including the primary storage of key-value stores. However, simply deploying LSM-tree-based key-value stores on commercial SSDs is inefficient and induces heavy write amplification and severe garbage collection overhead under write-intensive conditions. The main cause of these critical issues comes from the triple redundant management functionalities lying in the LSM-tree, file system and flash translation layer, which block the awareness between key-value stores and flash devices. Furthermore, we observe that the performance of LSM-tree-based key-value stores is improved little by only eliminating these redundant layers, as the I/O stacks, including the cache and scheduler, are not optimized for LSM-tree’s unique I/O patterns. To address the issues above, we propose FlashKV, an LSM-tree based key-value store running on open-channel SSDs. FlashKV eliminates the redundant management and semantic isolation by directly managing the raw flash devices in the application layer. With the domain knowledge of LSM-tree and the open-channel information, FlashKV employs a parallel data layout to exploit the internal parallelism of the flash device, and optimizes the compaction, caching and I/O scheduling mechanisms specifically. Evaluations show that FlashKV effectively improves system performance by 1.5× to 4.5× and decreases up to 50% write traffic under heavy write conditions, compared to LevelDB.
Use of antibiotic locks to treat colonized central venous catheters (2001)

Infections that result from bacterial colonization of central venous catheters are a significant problem in modern healthcare. The most effective means of eradication of such infections is the removal of colonized lines, but line removal carries drawbacks of its own and in many cases the balance of risks favours treatment in situ. Systemic antibiotics are usually administered but these frequently fail to achieve sterilization, and accordingly attention has turned to intraluminal therapy using antibiotic locks, in which 1-2 mL of a concentrated antibiotic solution is instilled to fill the lumen, left for a predetermined period, and removed. The evidence in favour of this technique is anecdotal and should not be allowed to influence any decision about line removal, but is sufficiently encouraging to justify the use of locks when in situ treatment is deemed acceptable. Indications, agents and appropriate administration regimes are discussed.
Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Laquinimod for Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

In this phase 3 study, oral laquinimod administered once daily slowed the progression of disability and reduced the rate of relapse in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. (Funded by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00509145.).
<title>Fiber Optic Control System Integration program: for optical flight control system development</title> (1994)

Hardware and software were developed for optical feedback links in the flight control system of an F/A-18 aircraft. Developments included passive optical sensors and optoelectronics to operate the sensors. Sensors with different methods of operation were obtained from different manufacturers and integrated with common optoelectronics. The sensors were the following: Air Data Temperature; Air Data Pressure; and Leading Edge Flap, Nose Wheel Steering, Trailing Edge Flap, Pitch Stick, Rudder, Rudder Pedal, Stabilator, and Engine Power Lever Control Position. The sensors were built for a variety of aircraft locations and harsh environments. The sensors and optoelectronics were as similar as practical to a production system. The integrated system was installed by NASA for flight testing. Wavelength Division Multiplexing proved successful as a system design philosophy. Some sensors appeared to be better choices for aircraft applications than others, with digital sensors generally being better than analog sensors, and rotary sensors generally being better than linear sensors. The most successful sensor approaches were selected for use in a follow-on program in which the sensors will not just be flown on the aircraft and their performance recorded; but, the optical sensors will be used in closing flight control loops.
EduRSS: A Blockchain-Based Educational Records Secure Storage and Sharing Scheme (2019)

Accurate and complete educational records are a valuable asset for people. In recent years, educational records have been digitized. However, there are still two key challenges that have not been resolved. One is to achieve secure and privacy-preserving storage of educational records, while another concern how to realize the sharing of educational records and ensure the security of the sharing process. In this paper, we propose EduRSS, a blockchain-based storage and sharing scheme for educational records is proposed, which combines blockchain, storage servers, and cryptography techniques to create a reliable and safe environment. In our proposal, the blockchain technology is used to ensure the security and reliability of data storage, while the smart contracts on the blockchain are used to regulate the process of storage and sharing. More precisely, the off-chain storage servers store the original educational records in encrypted form, while the hash information of the records is stored on the blockchain. The off-chain records are anchored periodically with the hash information on the blockchain to ensure the security of data storage. Cryptography techniques are utilized to handle records encryption and messages digital signature. To assess the effectiveness of EduRSS, we designed and tested a proof of concept of this scheme. The relative security analysis shows that EduRSS is safe and has a lower computational cost than that of the CP-ABE and the MA-CPABE schemes.
The effect of oxygen transfer rate on continuous ethanol fermentation by Kluyveromyces marxianus (1995)

The effect of oxygen transfer rate on the growth rate, the specific ethanol productivity and the volumetric ethanol productivity of the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 in a continous ethanol fermentation was investigated. Under anaerobic conditions the strain grew poorly, with a maximum biomass concentration of 0.4 g L(-1). A small increase in oxygen transfer to the culture led to an increase in both the specific growth rate and the specific ethanol productivity. Further increases in the oxygen transfer rate to the culture caused a linear increase in the growth rate but a rapid decrease in the specific ethanol productivity. The specific ethanol productivity decreased to a constant minimum value of 0.25 (+/-0.05) g ethanol (g cells h)(-1). An initial maximum volumetric ethanol productivity, 0.14 g L(-1) h(-1) was achieved at an oxygen transfer rate to the culture broth of 3 mmol L(-1) h(-1). The volumetric ethanol productivity increased again as the biomass concentration continued to rise although the specific ethanol productivity had levelled, reaching a maximum of 0.44 g L(-1) h(-1). The biomass concentration in a non-aerated chemostat was estimated using the cell yield on oxygen and the oxygen transfer rate to the broth.
Pre‐conditioning with near infrared photobiomodulation reduces inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative stress in cochlear hair cells (2016)

Hearing loss is a serious occupational health problem worldwide. Noise, aminoglycoside antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs induce hearing loss through changes in metabolic functions resulting in sensory cell death in the cochlea. Metabolic sequelae from noise exposure increase production of nitric oxide (NO) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) contributing to higher levels of oxidative stress beyond the physiologic threshold levels of intracellular repair. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a light treatment involving endogenous chromophores commonly used to reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair. Near infrared light (NIR) from Light Emitting Diodes (LED) at 810 nm wavelength were used as a biochemical modulator of cytokine response in cultured HEI-OC1 auditory cells placed under oxidative stress. Results reported here show that NIR PBM at 810 nm, 30 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> , 100 seconds, 1.0 J, 3 J/cm<sup>2</sup> altered mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress response for up to 24 hours post treatment. We report a decrease of inflammatory cytokines and stress levels resulting from NIR applied to HEI-OC1 auditory cells before treatment with gentamicin or lipopolysaccharide. These results show that cells pretreated with NIR exhibit reduction of proinflammatory markers that correlate with inhibition of mitochondrial superoxide, ROS and NO in response to continuous oxidative stress challenges. Non-invasive biomolecular down regulation of proinflammatory intracellular metabolic pathways and suppression of oxidative stress via NIR may have the potential to develop novel therapeutic approaches to address noise exposure and ototoxic compounds associated with hearing loss.
A new placement algorithm for the optimization of fault tolerant circuits on reconfigurable devices (2008)

Reconfigurable logic devices such as SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are nowadays increasingly popular thanks to their capability of implementing complex circuits with very short development time and for their high versatility in implementing different kind of applications, ranging from signal processing to the networking. The usage of reconfigurable devices in safety critical fields such as space or avionics require the adoption of specific fault tolerant techniques, like Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR), in order to protect their functionality against radiation effects. While these techniques allow to increase the protection capability against radiation effects, they introduce several penalties to the design particularly in terms of performances. In this paper, we present an innovative placement algorithm able to implement fault tolerant circuits on SRAM-based FPGAs while reducing the performance penalties. This algorithm is based on a model-based topology heuristic that address the arithmetic modules implemented on the FPGA reducing the interconnection delays between their resources. Experimental evaluations performed by means of timing analysis and fault injection on two industrial-like case studies demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is able to improve the running frequency up to the 44% versus standard TMR-based techniques while maintaining complete fault tolerance capabilities.
A Comparative Structural Analysis of the Flagellin Monomers of<i>Caulobacter crescentus</i>Indicates that These Proteins Are Encoded by Two Genes (1982)

The flagellum of Caulobacter crescentus is composed of two flagellin polypeptide monomers which are distinguished by molecular weight and are closely related by biochemical and immunological criteria (C. Lagenaur and N. Agabian, J. Bacteriol. 132:731-733, 1977). The synthesis and assembly of these two flagellin proteins are developmentally regulated, and the periodicity of expression for each is distinct (C. Lagenaur and N. Agabian, J. Bacteriol. 135:1062-1069, 1978; M. A. Osley, M. Sheffery, and A. Newton, Cell 12:393-400, 1977). To understand the genetic and functional relationship between the 25,000- and 27,500-molecular-weight flagellins of C. crescentus CB15, a detailed comparative analysis of their protein structure was made, using a number of techniques, including one- and two-dimensional peptide mapping, a novel procedure of peptide alignment, and amino terminal amino acid sequence analysis. The tryptic peptides generated by each of the flagellins were compared by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. This peptide map analysis indicated that approximately 36% of the peptides generated from these two proteins had similar migration properties. Together with biochemical and immunological criteria, the two-dimensional peptide map suggested some structural relatedness between the monomers. However, a comparison of peptide fragments generated during partial protease digestion of each protein by a method of one-dimensional mapping indicated that the two proteins are structurally unique. A peptide alignment technique was developed to directly compare the primary structure of these proteins. In the peptide alignment procedure the amino terminus of each protein is radioactively labeled. After partial enzymatic digestion, the peptides are fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: those labeled at the amino terminus are then resolved by subsequent autoradiography. Each digest contains a family of amino-terminal-labeled fragments, the sizes of which reflect the sequential alignment of cleavage sites in the protein. A comparison of the alignment of specific cleavage sites of the two flagellins by this technique further established that each flagellin is structurally unique, particularly in the carboxyl terminal region. Finally, comparison of the amino terminal amino acid sequences indicated that the amino terminal region of both flagellins is highly conserved, but that the two polypeptides are clearly not identical. These findings strongly indicate that the two flagellins are encoded by distinct genetic loci and are not the product of novel processing of a single larger precursor.
The L-C oscillator circuit (1983)

The traditional differential equation approach to the circuit assumes that the components are lumped. However, work on high-speed logic has led to a new view which recognizes that the L and C are distributed in space.
Pedestrian recognition using high-definition LIDAR (2011)

Pedestrian detection is one of the key technologies for autonomous driving systems and driving assistance systems. To predict the possibility of a future collision, these systems have to accurately recognize pedestrians as far away as possible. Moreover, the function to detect not only people walking but also people who are standing near the road is also required. This paper proposes a method for recognizing pedestrians by using a high-definition LIDAR. Two novel features are introduced to improve the classification performance. One is the slice feature, which represents the profile of a human body by widths at the different height levels. The other is the distribution of the reflection intensities of points measured on the target. This feature can contribute to the pedestrian identification because each substance has its own unique reflection characteristics in the near-infrared region of the laser beam. Our approach applies a support vector machine (SVM) to train a classifier from these features. The classifier discriminates the clusters of the laser range data that are the pedestrian candidates, generated by pre-processing. A quantitative evaluation in a road environment confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An<i>In Vitro</i>Comparison of the Effects of the Iron‐Chelating Agents, CP94 and Dexrazoxane, on Protoporphyrin IX Accumulation for Photodynamic Therapy and/or Fluorescence Guided Resection (2011)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes the combined interaction of a photosensitizer, light and molecular oxygen to ablate tumor tissue. Maximizing the accumulation of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) within different cell types would be clinically useful. Dermatological PpIX-induced PDT regimes produce good clinical outcomes but this currently only applies when the lesion remains superficial. Also, as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of primary brain tumors, fluorescence guided resection (FGR) and PDT can be used to highlight and destroy tumor cells unreachable by surgical resection. By employing iron chelators PpIX accumulation can be enhanced. Two iron-chelating agents, 1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one hydrochloride (CP94) and dexrazoxane, were individually combined with the porphyrin precursors aminolevulinic acid (ALA), methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) and hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL). Efficacies of the iron-chelating agents were compared by recording the PpIX fluorescence in human squamous epithelial carcinoma cells (A431) and human glioma cells (U-87 MG) every hour for up to 6 h. Coincubation of ALA/MAL/HAL with CP94 resulted in a greater accumulation of PpIX compared to that produced by coincubation of these congeners with dexrazoxane. Therefore the clinical employment of iron chelation, particularly with CP94 could potentially increase and/or accelerate the accumulation of ALA/MAL/HAL-induced PpIX for PDT or FGR.
4-b true time-delay feeder using MEMS switches for linear phased-array antennas (2003)

We proposed a 4-b optical TTD feeder for PAAs that is composed of a fixed wavelength laser source, MEMS switches, and single mode fibre (SMF) delay lines. The time-delay differences at the beam steering angles of 60/spl deg/, 30/spl deg/, -30/spl deg/, -60/spl deg/ for a 10 GHz linear PAA were measured to be about 42 ps, 26 ps, 25 ps, 38 ps /spl plusmn/2.5%. We obtained the maximum gain of 11.6 dB for the designed four-element PAA at an RF frequency of 10 GHz.
The Na, K-ATPase in the failing human heart (2003)

The Na, K-ATPase consists of alpha- and beta-subunits and actively transports Na out and K into the myocyte. It is the receptor for cardiac glycosides exerting its positive inotropic effect by inhibiting enzyme activity, decreasing the driving force for the Na/Ca-exchange and increasing cellular content and release of Ca during depolarization. The specific binding capacity for cardiac glycosides is utilized as a tool for Na, K-ATPase quantification with high accuracy and precision. In treatment of patients with heart failure cardiac glycosides improve symptoms and reduce the need for hospitalization without affecting mortality. In endomyocardial biopsies from patients with compromised cardiac function total Na, K-ATPase concentration is decreased by approximately 40% and a correlation between decrease in heart function and decrease in Na, K-ATPase concentration exists. At the subunit level, the alpha1-, alpha3- and beta1-proteins are reduced in human heart failure. During digitalization approximately 30% of remaining Na, K-pumps are occupied by digoxin. Thus, a total of not less than half the Na, K-pumps may be out of function in the myocardium of digitalised heart failure patients. It is still a matter of debate whether a digitalis-like factor exists. There is a pressing need for the identification of its precise chemical structure, properties and quantitative relation to the Na, K-ATPase. It is recommended that cardiac glycosides are prescribed to heart failure patients who are still having heart failure symptoms after institution of mortality reducing therapy. Cardiac glycoside treatment is still the only safe inotropic drug for oral use that improves hemodynamics in patients with compromised cardiac function.
Phase 2 study of programmed death-1 antibody (anti-PD-1, MK-3475) in patients with microsatellite unstable (MSI) tumors. (2014)

TPS3128 Background: We hypothesize that a correlation may exist between the number of somatic mutations in individual tumors and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors since each protein-coding mutation has the potential to serve as a novel antigen for an immune response. This may explain why lung cancers and melanomas, which harbor hundreds of somatic tumors, respond so well to these agents. Microsatellite unstable (MSI) tumors are deficient in DNA mismatch repair which leads to hundreds to thousands of spontaneous mutations. Furthermore, similar to melanoma, MSI positive colon cancers, there is often prominent lymphocyte infiltration. PD-1 is upregulated on activated T cells and provides inhibitory signals to T cells undergoing activation. MK-3475 is a humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody against PD-1 and is showing activity in multiple tumor types. This study aims to establish the treatment benefit and evaluate MSI as a predictive marker of response to anti-PD-1 blockade. Methods: This is an open-label, 2-stage, phase 2 study to evaluate the clinical activity of MK-3475 in 3 cohorts of patients: MSI positive colorectal cancer (CRC); MSI negative CRC; and MSI positive solid tumors but not CRC. MK-3475 will be administered at 10 mg/kg every 14 days. The co-primary endpoints for CRC cohorts are immune-related progression-free survival (irPFS) rate at 20 weeks and objective response rate assessed using immune related response criteria. The primary endpoint for the cohort with other solid tumors is irPFS at 20 weeks. Secondary endpoints include disease control rate, progression-free survival, overall survival and safety. Each MSI positive and MSI negative CRC cohort will evaluate up to 25 patients, and the cohort with MSI positive solid tumors but not CRC will enroll up to 21 patients. Results from exome sequencing and PD-L1 expression using IHC on tumor tissue will be correlated with response. Clinical trial information: NCT01876511.
Laminar flow in the entrance region of a smooth pipe (1979)

The entrance region has been divided into two parts, the inlet region and the filled region. At the end of the inlet region, the boundary layers meet at the pipe axis but the velocity profiles are not yet similar. In the filled region, adjustment of the completely viscous profile takes place until the Poiseuille similar profile is attained at the end of it. The boundary-layer equations in the inlet region and the Navier-Stokes equations with order-of-magnitude analysis in the filled region are solved using fourth-degree velocity profiles. The total length of the entrance region so obtained is ξ = x / R Re = 0·150, whereas the boundary layers are observed to meet at approximately one-quarter of the entrance length, i.e. at ξ = 0·036. Experiments reported in the paper corroborate the analytical results.
Human ROBO1 is cleaved by metalloproteinases and γ‐secretase and migrates to the nucleus in cancer cells (2010)

ROBO1 is a receptor mediating Slit-induced repulsive action on axon guidance and differentially expressed in human cancers. Although ROBO1 ectodomain has been detected, the cleavage site had not been determined. In this study we identified the precise cleavage site of ROBO1. We also report multi-step proteolysis of ROBO1 by metalloproteinases and gamma-secretase, producing two carboxy-terminal fragments, ROBO1-CTF1 at 129-kDa and ROBO1-CTF2 at 118-kDa. We have further demonstrated nuclear accumulation of ROBO1, which is abolished by either a metalloproteinase inhibitor TAPI-1 or a gamma-secretase inhibitor L-685,458. ROBO1 may function beyond the receptor through stepwise cleavages and translocation to the nucleus.
Le recours collectif, le droit civil et la justice sociale (1999)

Le recours collectif, comme innovation processuelle importante, doit se justifier par les traditions judiciaires dont il est issu ou par sa contribution à la justice sociale. Or, le recours collectif se montre exorbitant de la tradition civiliste et aussi de la tradition de la common law. Sa légitimité ne peut non plus se justifier en fonction de sa contribution à la justice sociale car, administré par une magistrature indépendante, il nous manque inévitablement les données nécessaires pour évaluer son effet. L’expérience récente montre qu’il peut même fonctionner comme instrument de déni de justice.