gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attachment ofSalmonella serovars andListeria monocytogenes to stainless steel and plastic conveyor belts (2012)

In poultry industry, cross-contamination due to processing equipment and contact surfaces is very common. This study examined the extent of bacterial attachment to 6 different types and design of conveyor belts: stainless steel-single loop, stainless steel-balance weave, polyurethane with mono-polyester fabric, acetal, polypropylene mesh top, and polypropylene. Clean conveyor belts were immersed separately in either a cocktail of Salmonella serovars (Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis) or Listeria monocytogenes strains (Scott A, Brie 1, ATCC 6744) for 1 h at room temperature. Soiled conveyor chips were dipped in poultry rinses contaminated with Salmonella or Listeria cocktail and incubated at 10°C for 48 h. The polyurethane with mono-polyester fabric conveyor belt and chip exhibited a higher (P<0.05) mean number of attached Salmonella serovars (clean: 1.6 to 3.6 cfu/cm2; soiled: 0.8 to 2.4 cfu/cm2) and L. monocytogenes (clean: 4.0 to 4.3 cfu/cm2; soiled: 0.3 to 2.1 cfu/cm2) in both clean and soiled conditions. The stainless steel conveyor belt attached a lower (P<0.05) number of Salmonella serovars (clean: 0 to 2.6 cfu/cm2; soiled: 0.4 to 1.3 cfu/cm2) and L. monocytogenes (clean: 0.4 to 2.9 cfu/cm2; soiled: 0 to 0.7 cfu/cm2) than the polymeric materials, indicating weaker adhesion properties. Plastic conveyor belts exhibited stronger bacterial adhesion compared with stainless steel. The result suggests the importance of selecting the design and finishes of conveyor belt materials that are most resistant to bacterial attachment.
Improved synthesis of 2,2-bis(fluoroxy)perfluoropropane. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved synthesis of 2,2-bis(fluoroxy)perfluoropropane.Alessandro Zedda and Darryl D. Des MarteauCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 22, 5686–5688Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00126a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00126a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magnesium homeostasis during high-intensity anaerobic exercise in men (1987)

This study was conducted to determine whether short-term, high-intensity anaerobic exercise alters Mg homeostasis. Thirteen men performed intermittent bouts of treadmill running at 90% of their predetermined maximum O2 uptake until exhaustion on one occasion during a week in which all men were consuming a standard diet (115 mg Mg/1,000 kcal). Plasma and erythrocyte Mg concentrations and peripheral blood mononuclear cell Mg content were measured before and after the exercise. Complete 24-h urine collections were obtained on control days, on the day of exercise, and on the day after exercise. Exercise induced a transient but significant decrease in plasma Mg content (-6.8%; P less than 0.01); over 85% of the loss could be accounted for by a shift to the erythrocytes. Significant increases in urinary excretion of Mg were observed on the day of exercise (131.5 +/- 6.8 mg/day) compared with control days (108 +/- 6.6 mg/day), with the percent increase correlating with postexercise blood lactate concentration (r = 0.68; P less than 0.01) and oxygen consumption during recovery (r = 0.84; P less than 0.001). The data indicate that high-intensity anaerobic exercise induces intercompartmental Mg shifts in blood that return to preexercise values within 2 h and urinary losses on the day of exercise that return to base line the day after exercise. It is postulated that the exercise-induced increase in Mg excretion may depend on the intensity of the exercise, and the relative contribution of anaerobic metabolism to the total energy expended during exercise.
TRANSPARENTE POLYMERE MEHRPHASENSYSTEME (1990)

Abstract Usually two phase polymer blends are not transparent because of differences in the refractive indices of their components and the resulting light scattering. By means of model calculations on the basis of the Mie‐theory, the conditions for transparency in two‐phase polymer blends are investigated. The models used are homogeneous spheres or spheres with a core‐shell morphology imbedded in the polymer matrix. The light scattering of these particles is calculated as a function of diameter, refractive index, wavelength and particlecomposition. Results are presented that show the limits of diameter and difference in the refractive indices between matrix and particle for homogeneous particles to obtain transparency. In the case of large differences in the refractive indices or of large diameters the use of spheres with a core‐shell morphology is favourable. Depending on the refractive indices of the respective phases, there exists an optimal composition of these spheres to obtain transparent polymer‐blends. Another way to transparency is the minimization of light scattering by interparticle interferences, which can be achieved by special types of block‐copolymers.
Scaling the structure−function relationship for clinical perimetry (2005)

Linear scaling of perimetric defects and ganglion cell losses might potentially improve the structure-function relationship for visual defects associated with small amounts of cell loss, but the usefulness of the relationship is limited because of the high variability in that range. With log--log co-ordinates, the structure--function relationship for clinical perimetry is relatively more accurate and precise for cell losses greater than about 3 dB. The comparatively greater accuracy and precision of decibel loss functions are a likely consequence of the logarithmic scale of stimulus intensities for perimetry measurements and because the relationship between visual sensitivity and the number of neural detectors is a form of probability summation.
Modelling of thermal emissivity of covered bulk explosive materials in the THz range (2009)

Detection and recognition of covered explosive materials in the THz range can be devided into two areas - passive and active systems. Passive systems in the submilimeter (100÷300 GHz) as well as the terahertz (0.3÷3 THz) range base on thermal emissivity of exemined bodies. Such devices are designed to control persons and baggage in airports mainly at the temperature about 300K. Thermal emissivity of real bodies can be obtained from the Planck's formula for perfect black bodies and an emissvity coefficient. The emissivity coefficient of the real bodies can be determined from laboratory measurements of spectral transmission and reflection for the specific materials. However, values of the thermal emissivity detected in real cases depend strongly on surface of the material, direction of detection in relation to normal to the emitting surface, atmosphere and covering materials. These factors introduce attenuation of the emissivity what can cause camouflage of the characteristic features of individual materials and makes them difficult to identify. In this paper we present the value of the emissivity of hexogen (RDX) based on transmission measurements in FTIR spectrometer. The obtained emissivity is used to simulate intensity of radiation on an aperture.
Cross-profiling as an efficient technique in simulating parallel computer systems (2003)

The simulation of parallel computers is discussed. In particular, a technique, called cross-profiling, that can be used to improve the efficiency of these simulations substantially is presented and evaluated. Cross-profiling, along with another simulation technique called execution-driven simulation, can be used to simulate one processor's instruction set (the target processor) with another processor that has a different instruction set (the host processor). Moreover, this technique is significantly faster than the usual method where several host instructions are executed to emulate the effect of executing a single instruction of the target processor. The cross-profiling technique is introduced, and it is shown how it can be combined with execution-driven simulation. The results of several experiments that demonstrate that the error introduced by cross-profiling is typically less than 1% are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-wavelength optical dazzler for personnel and sensor incapacitation (2006)

We have performed analysis of the requirements for an optical dazzler, designed and built a three-wavelength source with a baseline beam projector, and a Smart Beam Projector that can point the beam, and adjust the laser power for a particular target. The source is based on diode lasers, and diode pumped lasers in the Red, Green and Violet ranges of wavelengths. Each laser can be independent adjusted in output power, and pulse duration. The beams are combined using optical fibers, and the source fits in a 1/4 cubic foot Pelican Box, and can run off a battery for field testing. The baseline beam projector can be mounted to a rifle or pistol. The Smart beam projector is designed for laboratory testing at this time. The operation of the prototype system will allow a variety of combinations of laser power, and pulse length to give a varying spatial and temporal profile of illumination. The system is to be tested by the Army for effectiveness. A next generation of dazzler is under construction that will allow microprocessor control of pulse power and duration, increasing the variety of illumination spatial and temporal patterns and more fully utilizing the Smart beam projector capabilities.
Applying distributed monitoring techniques in autonomic networks (2010)

The increasing size, complexity and the dynamic character of future networks make traditional monitoring systems inadequate to be continuously updated and sense the endless changes in the topology and communication conditions. The need for reduction in the network management complexity and the administrator's operational burden imposes the design and implementation of self-functionalities and the adoption of self-management schemes. We propose a novel approach for improving network management based on distributed monitoring techniques. Autonomic mechanisms are designed to control traffic monitoring within a network in order to increase the accuracy of the acquired data without increasing the imposed overhead in the network. Nodes are able to correlate monitoring data and to adapt the monitoring functions according to existing networking conditions and predefined administration policies.
Immunology of Relapse and Remission in Multiple Sclerosis (2014)

Eighty percent of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) initially develop a clinical pattern with periodic relapses followed by remissions, called relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). This period of fluctuating disease may last for a decade or more. Clinical relapses reflect acute inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), composed of the brain and spinal cord. Often, different anatomic areas in the CNS are involved each time a relapse occurs, resulting in varied clinical manifestations in each instance. Relapses are nearly always followed by some degree of remission, though recovery to baseline status before the flare is often incomplete. There are nine approved drugs for treatment of RRMS. The most potent drug for inhibiting relapses, the humanized anti-α4 integrin antibody known as Natalizumab, blocks homing of mononuclear cells to the CNS. The mechanisms of action of the approved drugs for RRMS provide a strong foundation for understanding the pathobiology of the relapse. Despite substantial progress in controlling relapses with the current armamentarium of medications, there is much to learn and ever more effective and safe therapies to develop.
Gold nanoparticles and fluorescently-labelled DNA as a platform for biological sensing (2013)

In the past decade gold nanoparticle-nucleic acid conjugates became progressively important for biomedical applications. Fluorophores attached to nucleic acid-gold nanoparticle conjugates have opened up a new era of biological sensing. The most promising advancement in this field was the invention of the so-called 'nano-flare' systems. These systems are capable of detecting specific endocellular targets such as mRNAs, microRNAs or small molecules in real time. In this minireview, we discuss the current progress in the field of DNA-nanoparticles as sensors, their properties, stability, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity.
MCL-1 Depletion Impairs DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and Reinitiation of Stalled DNA Replication Forks (2016)

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) is a prosurvival BCL-2 protein family member highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and regulated by growth factor signals that manifest antiapoptotic activity. Here we report that depletion of MCL-1 but not its isoform MCL-1S increases genomic instability and cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced death. MCL-1 association with genomic DNA increased postirradiation, and the protein colocalized with 53BP1 foci. Postirradiation, MCL-1-depleted cells exhibited decreased γ-H2AX foci, decreased phosphorylation of ATR, and higher levels of residual 53BP1 and RIF1 foci, suggesting that DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR) was compromised. Consistent with this model, MCL-1-depleted cells had a reduced frequency of IR-induced BRCA1, RPA, and Rad51 focus formation, decreased DNA end resection, and decreased HR repair in the DR-GFP DSB repair model. Similarly, after HU induction of stalled replication forks in MCL-1-depleted cells, there was a decreased ability to subsequently restart DNA synthesis, which is normally dependent upon HR-mediated resolution of collapsed forks. Therefore, the present data support a model whereby MCL-1 depletion increases 53BP1 and RIF1 colocalization at DSBs, which inhibits BRCA1 recruitment, and sensitizes cells to DSBs from IR or stalled replication forks that require HR for repair.
Neopterin as an Endogenous Antioxidant (1995)

Summary The in vitro antioxidative activity of neopterin and its in vivo potency to suppress gastric ischemia were investigated. The scavenging activity of the reduced form of neopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroneopterin (NPH4), against superoxide anion radicals, showed an extremely high superoxide anion radical scavenging activity in two assay systems, i.e., hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HPX/XOD) and rat macrophage/ phorbol myristate acetate (Mø/PMA) radical-generating systems. The antioxidative activities against both super oxideanion and hydroxyl radicals were confirmed by spin trapping-ESR spectrometry. In contrast, the oxidized form of neopterin (NP) did not show any activity in the HPX/XOD system, but was effective in the Mø/PMA system. These data suggest that NPH4 directly scavenges superoxide anion radicals, while NP suppresses the superoxide anion generation in macrophages through its inhibitory effect on the membrane NADPH-oxidase. Furthermore, NPH4 and NP effectively suppressed the formation of gastric injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion. These results suggest that neopterin play an important role as an endogenous antioxidant.
Dopamine and adult neurogenesis (2006)

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter implicated in the regulation of mood, motivation and movement. We have reviewed here recent data suggesting that dopamine, in addition to being a neurotransmitter, also plays a role in the regulation of endogenous neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain. In addition, we approach a highly controversial question: can the adult human brain use neurogenesis to replace the dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra that are lost in Parkinson's disease?
Reference frames fit for controlling PWM rectifiers (1999)

The authors argue that one should keep things simple when controlling bidirectional pulsewidth modulation rectifiers by considering the utility grid as a virtual electric machine. The advantage is that the air-gap flux of this big machine can be directly measured in a straightforward way. Therefore, as shown in this paper, principles of field orientation can be applied to control the power flow, yielding high-dynamic performance.
Preparation of Multifunctional Drug Carrier for Tumor-Specific Uptake and Enhanced Intracellular Delivery through the Conjugation of Weak Acid Labile Linker (2009)

We demonstrate that multifuctional drug carriers, e.g., polymeric micelles, for tumor-specific uptake and intracellular delivery can be generated from the pH-dependent progressive hydrolysis of a novel benzoic-imine linker in the micelle-forming amphiphilic polymer. The linker, hence the micelle, is stable at physiological pH, partially hydrolyzes at the extracellular pH of the solid tumor, and completely hydrolyzes at the endosomal pH. Meanwhile, the surface property of the micelle converts from neutral to positively charged due to the generation of amino groups from the cleavage of the imine bond at tumor pH. The ionization on the surface facilitates the cellular uptake of the micelles through the electrostatic interaction between the micelle and the cell membrane. Subsequently, at the endosomal pH, with more complete cleavage of the polymer the micellar structure dissociates, and the system becomes very membrane-disruptive, inferring an enhanced intracellular delivery capability via the endosomal pathway.
Modified in-line Sagnac interferometer with passive demodulation technique for environmental immunity of a fiber-optic current sensor (1999)

A modified in-line Sagnac interferometer (MISI) with passive demodulation Technique (PDT) was proposed to immunize the fiber-optic current sensor (FOCS) from environmental perturbations. A large vibration to simulate the environmental perturbations with acceleration up to 12 g was applied to the lead fiber of the FOCS. The noise floor could be significantly suppressed (20 dB) by the MISI better than by a conventional interferometer. In the same dynamic environments, the PDT could make the FOCS achieve a good linear demodulation with average distortion rates always lower than 0.9%. In addition, all the sensitivities measured in both static and dynamic environments are all approximately 4.5 microrad/(A(rms) turns), which is close to the literatural data measured in static environments. These considerable achievements of high sensitivity, environmental immunity, and free electric shock concerns may lead FOCS's to field-monitoring applications of power delivery lines.
MYOMETRIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ITS RELATION TO PELVIC PAIN (1947)

Many factors contribute to the presence of pelvic pain during menstruation. Attention in the present paper will be devoted primarily to the myometrium, though the person as a unit must always be considered. The present knowledge concerning human nonpregnant uterine contractions is based on extensive investigations on experimental animals supplemented by careful clinical observations and uterine pressure records from control, pregnant and dysmenorrheal patients. Intrauterine pressure records from the nonpregnant human uterine were first obtained by Moir, 1 who observed during menses that contractions occurred every two minutes and developed pressures as high as 100 mm. of mercury. No pain but a feeling of heaviness and discomfort occurred when uterine pressures of 120 mm. of mercury were present. In patients with severe dysmenorrhea, pressures of 150 mm. of mercury were recorded and vascular pulsations disappeared at 120 mm. of mercury. Bickers 2 showed that high uterine tone is associated with
SYNTHESIS OF SOME SULFUR CONTAINING TETRAHYDROBENZO[b] THIENO(PYRIDINES, QUINOLINES, OXAZINES AND PYRIMIDINES) AS POSSIBLE RADIOPROTECTIVE AND ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS (1998)

Abstract Synthesis of novel benzothienopyridines, benzothienoquinoline, benzothienoxazines and benzothienopyrimidines utilizing 2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-3,1-benzothienoxazine-4-one are reported. The structure of these compounds were confirmed by micro-analyses, IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry. Preliminary biological studies of some compounds showed a promising radioprotection and antineoplastic activities. Keywords:: Thieno(pyridine; quinoline; oxazine)radioprotective and antineoplastic agents
Picomolar, selective, and subtype-specific small-molecule inhibition of TRPC1/4/5 channels (2017)

The concentration of free cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> and the voltage across the plasma membrane are major determinants of cell function. Ca<sup>2+</sup>-permeable non-selective cationic channels are known to regulate these parameters, but understanding of these channels remains inadequate. Here we focus on transient receptor potential canonical 4 and 5 proteins (TRPC4 and TRPC5), which assemble as homomers or heteromerize with TRPC1 to form Ca<sup>2+</sup>-permeable non-selective cationic channels in many mammalian cell types. Multiple roles have been suggested, including in epilepsy, innate fear, pain, and cardiac remodeling, but limitations in tools to probe these channels have restricted progress. A key question is whether we can overcome these limitations and develop tools that are high-quality, reliable, easy to use, and readily accessible for all investigators. Here, through chemical synthesis and studies of native and overexpressed channels by Ca<sup>2+</sup> and patch-clamp assays, we describe compound 31, a remarkable small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC1/4/5 channels. Its potency ranged from 9 to 1300 pm, depending on the TRPC1/4/5 subtype and activation mechanism. Other channel types investigated were unaffected, including TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM2, TRPM8, and store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry mediated by Orai1. These findings suggest identification of an important experimental tool compound, which has much higher potency for inhibiting TRPC1/4/5 channels than previously reported agents, impressive specificity, and graded subtype selectivity within the TRPC1/4/5 channel family. The compound should greatly facilitate future studies of these ion channels. We suggest naming this TRPC1/4/5-inhibitory compound Pico145.
A model for verification of coupled high-speed packages and interconnects (2002)

A method for verification of the interconnect system design for high-speed and high-density packages is described. To predict design tradeoffs the pertinent parameters are first determined. The electrical behaviors of the interconnects are simulated, and the results of coupling effects are discussed. A new modular SPICE-model has been developed which represents coupled multiconductors. This model can be used to analyze signal distortion and ground-bounce. With this model the SPICE code can be significantly reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>