gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonthermal Processing of Orange Juice Using a Pilot-Plant Scale Supercritical Carbon Dioxide System with a Gas-Liquid Metal Contactor (2012)

This study compared the quality of fresh orange juice to that of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2)-processed juice and equivalently thermally processed juice in terms of microbial lethality. A pilot-plant scale SCCO2 unit with a gas–liquid metal contactor processed juice with a CO2 concentration of ca. 8.5 wt % at 42C for 20 min. Thermal processing was conducted at 70C for 7.2 s. The number of naturally occurring microorganisms decreased from ca. 2.0–3.0 × 103 to 18–28 cfu/mL after both SCCO2 and thermal processing. No noticeable changes in pH, °Brix, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content were observed between processed and unprocessed juice. SCCO2 and thermal processing inactivated 46.5 and 86.4% of pectin methylesterase, respectively. The cloud stability of the SCCO2-processed juice was greatly enhanced compared with fresh and thermally processed juices. This study demonstrated that SCCO2 processing can improve the microbial quality of orange juice without deterioration, suggesting the potential for commercialization. Practical Applications This study evaluated the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) processing on safety and quality of orange juice (OJ). A pilot-plant scale SCCO2 system with a gas–liquid metal contactor nonthermally processed OJ, which was compared to fresh OJ and heat processed OJ. Results showed that the killing effect of SCCO2 was similar to heat processing. SCCO2 and heat processing did not affect pH, °Brix, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid contents in OJ, indicating no difference between fresh and processed OJ. SCCO2 processing reduced about 46.5% of pectin methylesterase activity, whereas heat processing inactivated 86.4% of total activity. Nonetheless, the cloud value was greatly improved by SCCO2 processing compared with fresh OJ and heat processed OJ. This pilot-plant study indicates that nonthermal SCCO2 processing is commercially feasible and is attractive from a quality standpoint.
Qualitative spatial reasoning: extracting and reasoning with spatial aggregates (2003)

Reasoning about spatial data is a key task in many applications, including geographic information systems, meteorological and fluid flow analysis, computer-aided design, and protein structure databases. Such applications often require the identification and manipulation of qualitative spatial representations, for example, to detect whether one “object ” will soon occlude another in a digital image, or to efficiently determine relationships between a proposed road and wetland regions in a geographic data set. Qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR) provides representational primitives (a spatial “vocabulary”) and inference mechanisms for these tasks. This paper first reviews representative work on QSR for data-poor scenarios, where the goal is to design representations that can answer qualitative queries without much numerical information. It then turns to the data-rich case, where the goal is to derive and manipulate qualitative spatial representations that efficiently and correctly abstract important spatial aspects of the underlying data, for use in subsequent tasks. This paper focuses on how a particular QSR system, Spatial Aggregation (SA), can help answer spatial queries for scientific and engineering data sets. A case study application of weather analysis illustrates the effective representation and reasoning supported by both data-poor and data-rich forms of QSR.
Spontaneous corneal neovascularization in nude mice. Local imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. (1993)

The results confirm that there is an imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in the nude mouse cornea. The cornea of the nude mouse displays more angiogenic activity and less anti-angiogenic activity than that of the normal mouse. Most angiogenic activity of the nude mouse cornea appears to reside in the epithelium.
GROWTH AND INEQUALITY IN CHINA (2012)

AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionIncome Inequality in ChinaUrban–Rural Income GapRegional DisparitiesIncome Inequality of ResidentsHow Large is the Gini Coefficient?How Serious is China's Inequality?China's Kuznets CurveConclusionsEconomic ImplicationsPolitical RiskReferences
체육지도자 양성제도 법제개편과 세계태권도아카데미 개원에 따른 태권도지도자 교육과정의 개발 (2012)

본 연구의 목적은 국기원 태권도 연수원이 자격취득과정으로 운영하고 있는 지도자과정을 글로벌 태권도 지도자 양성과정으로 발전시키고, 선택형 필수과정으로 특별과정을 개설하는 동시에 보수교육을 의무화하여 태권도 지도자들의 계속 교육을 유도할 수 있는 태권도 지도자 교육과정을 개발하는데 있다. 글로벌 태권도 지도자를 교육하는데 적합한 교육과정을 개발하기 위해 태권도 지도자(2), 태권도 수련생(2), 수련생 학부모(2), 태권도 행정가(4), 태권도학과 교수(2)등 23명을 대상으로 개별심층면담을 실시하였다. 개별 심층면담으로 수집한 자료를 점검하고 추가 개념을 도출하기 위하여 태권도학과 교수(4), 스포츠교육학자(1), 현장 태권도 지도자(4)들을 대상으로 핵심주제 면담을 실시하였다. 수집한 자료는 Spradley(1979)가 제안한 영역분석과 분류분석 방법을 사용하여 유사한 개념들끼리 묶고 상·하위 관계를 밝혀 범주화하였다. 자료의 진실성을 확보하기 위하여 연구참여자 확인, 질적 연구 전문가 검토, 삼각검증을 하였다. 자료의 분석결과, 일반과정의 입문과정으로 태권도 2급 지도자과정을 그리고 심화과정으로 1급 경기태권도 지도자 과정과 1급 생활태권도 지도자 과정을 개발하였다. 특별과정으로는 겨루기과정, 품새과정, 장애인태권도 지도자과정을 개발하여 심판교육과 통합하고 추가적으로 해외파견 지도자과정과 시범(공연)과정을 개발하였다. 보수교육은 7단 승단까지 일정 주기별로 의무 이수토록 함으로써 태권도 지도자의 계속교육(professional continuing education)을 유도하였다.
Sequencing and Transcriptional Analysis of the <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> Histamine Biosynthesis Gene Cluster: Factors That Affect Differential <i>hdcA</i> Expression (2010)

Histamine, a toxic compound that is formed by the decarboxylation of histidine through the action of microbial decarboxylases, can accumulate in fermented food products. From a total of 69 Streptococcus thermophilus strains screened, two strains, CHCC1524 and CHCC6483, showed the capacity to produce histamine. The hdc clusters of S. thermophilus CHCC1524 and CHCC6483 were sequenced, and the factors that affect histamine biosynthesis and histidine-decarboxylating gene (hdcA) expression were studied. The hdc cluster began with the hdcA gene, was followed by a transporter (hdcP), and ended with the hdcB gene, which is of unknown function. The three genes were orientated in the same direction. The genetic organization of the hdc cluster showed a unique organization among the lactic acid bacterial group and resembled those of Staphylococcus and Clostridium species, thus indicating possible acquisition through a horizontal transfer mechanism. Transcriptional analysis of the hdc cluster revealed the existence of a polycistronic mRNA covering the three genes. The histidine-decarboxylating gene (hdcA) of S. thermophilus demonstrated maximum expression during the stationary growth phase, with high expression levels correlated with high histamine levels. Limited expression was evident during the lag and exponential growth phases. Low-temperature (4 degrees C) incubation of milk inoculated with a histamine-producing strain showed lower levels of histamine than did inoculated milk kept at 42 degrees C. This reduction was attributed to a reduction in the activity of the HdcA enzyme itself rather than a reduction in gene expression or the presence of a lower cell number.
Effect of prolonged administration of a urinary kininase inhibitor, ebelactone B on the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate‐salt hypertension in rats (1999)

The effect of prolonged administration of a carboxypeptidase Y-like kininase inhibitor, ebelactone B (EB) (2-ethyl-3, 11-dihydroxy-4, 6, 8, 10, 12-pentamethyl-9-oxo-6-tetradecenoic 1, 3-lactone), on the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension was tested. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of non-treated 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley strain rats was gradually increased by DOCA-salt treatment from 137+/-2 mmHg (n=11) to 195+/-7 mmHg at 10 weeks of age. With daily oral administration of lisinopril (5 mg kg(-1), twice a day), which is an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme, a major kininase in plasma, the development of hypertension was not suppressed. By contrast, administration of EB (5 mg kg(-1), twice a day), completely inhibited the development of hypertension (SBP: 146+/-1 mmHg, n=5, 10 weeks old). The reduced SBP at 10 weeks of age was equal to the SBP before any treatment (142+/-1 mmHg, n=5). Direct determination of mean blood pressure (MBP) in conscious, unrestrained rats confirmed that MBP elevation was completely inhibited by EB. Continuous subcutaneous infusion (5 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) of HOE140, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, restored the elevation of SBP, which was suppressed by EB. The weights of left ventricle of DOCA-salt treated rats 10-weeks-old (0.36+/-0.02 g 100 g body weight(-1), n=11) was significantly reduced by EB (0.27+/-0.01, n=5), as were the sodium levels in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and erythrocyte. These findings suggested that EB is effective in preventing salt-related hypertension presumably by eliminating sodium retention.
LEDS SHINE ON (2003)

SUBTITLE: THE LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY'S COMPACT SIZE, POWER, AND DURABILITY EXCITE DESIGNERS WHO STILL LONG FOR FLEXIBILITY IN INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR STYLING.
The antagonist trinitrophenyl‐ATP reveals co‐existence of distinct P2X receptor channels in rat nodose neurones (1998)

1. Whole-cell recordings were made from rat nodose ganglion neurones in culture and from human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells stably transfected to express P2X2, P2X3 or both receptor subunits. We examined the blocking actions of 2',3'-O-trinitrophenyl-ATP (TNP-ATP) on currents evoked by the agonists ATP and alpha, beta-methylene ATP. 2. In cells expressing only P2X2 or P2X3 receptor subunits, the inhibition by TNP-ATP was fitted by a single binding site model with half-maximal concentrations of about 3 microM and 3 nM, respectively. In cells expressing both P2X2 and P2X3 receptor subunits, currents showed little or no desensitization, thus excluding contributions from homomeric P2X3 receptors. When alpha,beta-methylene ATP was the agonist (activating heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors), the inhibition by TNP-ATP conformed to a single binding site (half-maximal concentration about 3 nM). When ATP (30 microM) was the agonist, activating both heteromeric P2X2/3 as well as homomeric P2X2 receptors, the inhibition curve was biphasic (half-maximal concentrations about 3 nM and 3 microM); the proportion of high affinity sites in all six cells tested was about 40 %. 3. In nodose ganglion neurones, the inhibition by TNP-ATP of currents evoked by ATP (30 microM) was also clearly biphasic. In this case, individual neurones showed more variability in the proportion of high and low affinity sites for TNP-ATP. 4. We conclude that more than one form of multimeric P2X receptor channels are functionally expressed on the cell bodies of individual nodose ganglion neurones. On the basis of sensitivity to TNP-ATP, and other properties, one of these may correspond to the homomeric P2X2 receptor and the other(s) to heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors.
The Hydrogen-Cooled Turbine Generator (1940)

HYDROGEN cooling for electrical machinery was first proposed to the industry through an AIEE paper presented in 1925.1 The first hydrogen-cooled machine to be placed in commercial service was a 12,500-kva synchronous condenser, installed in 1928.2 This was followed by other machines of this type, and later, the hydrogen-cooled frequency-converter was introduced. There are now in operation in the United States 20 of these two types of hydrogen-cooled machines, with a combined output of over one-half million kva, and their records of performance have been highly satisfactory. Prior to 1937, the application of hydrogen cooling to turbine generators had been confined to developmental machines in the manufacturers' plants, although several air-cooled generators had been built with provision for later adaptation to hydrogen cooling. In October 1937 the first hydrogen-cooled generator built for commercial service was placed in operation at Dayton, Ohio. This was a 3,600-rpm unit, of General Electric manufacture, rated at 31,250 kva at 0.8 power factor. Since then, a total of 10 hydrogen-cooled generators have been placed in service in various parts of the country, and 27 others are in the course of installation or construction. The total capacity of these 37 generators is over 2,000,000 kva, and their sizes range from 17,000 kva to 81,250 kva at 3,600 rpm, and from 75,000 kva to 176,470 kva at 1,800 rpm.
Ferroelectric liquid crystals with high spontaneous polarisation (1986)

Preparation de nouveaux composes ferroelectriques par esterification d'alkyloxy-4 hydroxy-4' biphenyles avec des acides α-chlorocarboxyliques optiquement actifs obtenus a partir des acides α-amino correspondants. Ces substances presentent des phases smectiques chirales C* dans une gamme de temperatures appropriee et ont des valeurs elevees de polarisation spontanee, jusqu'a 300 nC/cm 2
Pharmacologically regulated production of targeted retrovirus from T cells for systemic antitumor gene therapy. (2003)

We aimed to use cell-based carriers to direct vector production to target sites for systemic therapy. We used T cells engineered to express a chimeric T cell receptor that can specifically recognize target cells expressing the tumor-associated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). These T cells were modified to produce a retrovirus under tight pharmacological control using the rapamycin-inducible transcriptional regulatory system. The retroviral vectors produced were transcriptionally targeted to CEA-expressing target cells. We found that vector production and transgene expression from these T cells in vitro was dependent on pharmacological induction and expression of CEA in target cells, respectively. Mice bearing metastatic tumors that received cell carriers delivering the HSVtk gene demonstrated a significant increase in survival, but only in response to pharmacological induction of vector production. Interestingly, the therapeutic effect required the presence of the tumor-specific chimeric receptor on T cells. Further studies demonstrated that systemic delivery of tumor-specific T cells to mice bearing metastatic tumors caused recruitment of nonspecific T cells to the tumor site. We hypothesize that this enhanced targeting to tumor sites is responsible for the efficiency of T cell-mediated retroviral gene transfer and that this principle can be used to enhance systemic therapies using immune-cell carriers.
Predictive filtering in motion compensation with steerable cardiac catheters (2017)

Robotic cardiac catheterization using ultrasound (US) imaging catheters provides real time imaging from within the heart while reducing the difficulty in manually steering a four degree-of-freedom (4-DOF) catheter. Accurate robotic catheter navigation in the heart is challenging due to a variety of disturbances including cyclical physiological motions, such as respiration. In this work we compensate for respiratory motion by using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to predict target motion and by applying the predictions to steer the US imaging catheter. The system performance was measured in bench top experiments with phantom vasculature. The robotic system with predictive filtering tracked cyclically moving targets with 1.59 mm and 0.72° mean error. Accurately tracking moving structures can improve intra-procedural treatments and visualization.
Burden - Distress - Quality of Life (2004)

Mit den Reformen der psychiatrischen Versorgung kamen auf die Angehörigen chronisch psychisch Kranker neue Belastungen zu. Nachdem die Betreuung von pflegebedürftigen chronisch Kranken weitestgehend vom psychiatrischen Krankenhaus in die „Gemeinde” verlagert wurde, fühlen sich die Angehörigen dafür verantwortlich, häufig in der Situation ungefragt und ungeschult, die Betreuung ihrer psychisch Langzeitkranken wahrzunehmen [1] [2] [3] [4]. „Wir leisten das - anders als professionelle Psychiatriemitarbeiter - täglich 24 Stunden und 365 Tage im Jahr, ohne Pausen und ohne begleitende Supervision!” Damit ruht aus Sicht der Angehörigen die Hauptlast der Psychiatriereform auf ihren Schultern [2] [5] [6] [7] [8]. Dies umso mehr, als die geplante Umschichtung der durch den Bettenabbau eingesparten Mittel für gemeindenahe Versorgungsstrukturen noch in keinem Land befriedigend erfolgte [2] [9]. Erschwert wird die Lage der Angehörigen zusätzlich durch noch immer lebendige Relikte psychoanalytischer und systemischer Sichtweisen zur Schizophreniegenese aus den 50er- bis 70er-Jahren mit Schuldzuweisungen an die ohnehin schon leidgeprüften Familien [5] [10] [11] [12]. Katschnig charakterisiert die heutige Situation von Angehörigen psychisch Kranker mit vier unerfreulichen Rollen, die ihnen bisher angeboten wurden: Studienobjekt für genetische Untersuchungen; Auskunftsperson bzw. „Anamneselieferant” für das kranke Familienmitglied; „Täter”, nämlich Schuldtragende an der Krankheit und „Opfer”, nämlich von der Krankheit des Familienmitgliedes Betroffene [12]. Aus ihrer Überforderung heraus begannen sich Angehörige seit den 70er-Jahren in Selbsthilfevereinigungen zusammenzuschließen und auf ihre schwierige Situation aufmerksam zu machen.
Quantitative Analysis with the Electron Microanalyzer. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative Analysis with the Electron Microanalyzer.T. O. Ziebold and R. E. OgilvieCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 6, 621–627Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60199a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60199a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Photocurable Acrylic/Silsesquioxane Hybrid Optical Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Patterning (2007)

Abstract Synthesis, properties, and patterning of new acrylic/silsesquioxane hybrid materials are reported. PMA‐functionalized PHSSQ was synthesized by hydrosilylation and then formulated with acrylate monomer mixtures to yield the photocurable materials. Experiments suggest that the thermal/mechanical properties of the parent acrylic polymers could be significantly enhanced by incorporating nano‐sized silsesquioxane moieties. The refractive index and optical loss were reduced by increasing the silsesquioxane content. The hybrid materials could be photocured and developed a Y‐shape channel pattern; potential applications include uses in patterned electronic and optoelectronic devices. magnified image
Some design considerations for active and passive constrained layer damping treatments (1996)

Active constrained layer damping treatments promise to be an effective means of vibration suppression in structures. Basically, the concept consists in either replacing or augmenting the constraining layer of a constrained viscoelastic material with piezoceramic actuators in an attempt to improve vibration suppression properties by capitalizing on both passive and active damping techniques. An important issue in such configurations is the concept that the actuation ability of the piezoceramic is reduced by the viscoelastic layer, rather than enhanced. On the other hand, an active constraining layer increases the shear in the viscoelastic and thus forms an effective means of enhancing the damping mechanism. Some design considerations for pure passive, pure active control, and active constrained layer damping are discussed here.
LCP MEMS implantable pressure sensor for Intracranial Pressure measurement (2013)

Numerous devices for the measurement of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) have been proposed; these include both wired and wireless systems, each of which having their own shortcomings. In this work, the following requirements for minimally invasive measurement of ICP are considered: low infection, biocompatibility, small size, accuracy and ease of use. With these requirements in mind, we propose an implantable ICP sensor based on Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS). Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) is chosen as the biocompatible and flexible structure. This paper describes the significant characteristics of LCP that make it well suited for biomedical applications, and comparisons are made to other polymers in terms of biocompatibility and certification. The proposed LCP pressure sensor has been successfully fabricated, with a membrane area of 2mm × 2mm × 50µm.
Robust Materials Design of Blast Resistant Panels (2006)

Blast resistant panels (BRPs) are panels that are designed to dissipate blast energy through allowable plastic deformation in order to protect against damage from an incoming explosion. The blast resistant panels considered in this paper are metal sandwich structures that consist of two outer face sheets and a honeycomb core. In practice, materials for BRPs are selected from the finite set of available materials; however, selection of materials places bounds on the performance of the panel. Alternatively, by designing the BRP material concurrently with the product, the material properties could be tailored such that the weight of the panel is minimized while meeting deflection constraints. As a step towards this goal, the properties of the BRP material are defined as uncertain design variables rather than static design parameters in order to maintain some design freedom for a subsequent material design or selection problem. If a material does not exist that satisfies the ranges of material properties identified through the design process, a material design would be needed to specify the necessary component materials and processing path to realize the desired material properties. To maintain the performance of the BRP in spite of the uncertainty in the material properties, the BRP should be robust to variation in the material property design variables. Moreover, because blasts of different impulse amplitudes and duration are expected, the design of the BRP should also be robust to variation in blast pulse amplitude and duration. In this paper, we demonstrate the design of a blast resistant panel that is robust to variation in material properties as well as variation of impulse amplitude and duration. By considering the material properties of the panel to be uncertain design variables, the panel design obtained through robust design methods provides ranges of acceptable material properties for the framing of a subsequent material design or selection problem. Additionally, the impact of the mass per unit area constraint is analyzed.
Microbiological Sampling of Surfaces (1968)

SUMMARY This report summarizes the 4 basic methods for the microbiological sampling of surfaces. Whereas no single assay procedure can characterize completely the microbial elements on a surface, the rinse technique is probably the most accurate for enumerating viable micro‐organisms, and the direct surface agar plating technique is the best for enumerating particulates containing viable micro‐organisms. However, the convenience of other methods, such as the agar contact method, will often be the dominant factor in the selection of a sampling method.