gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of interleukin-1 beta mRNA expression and interleukin-1 alpha and beta secretion by a specific human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (1992)

The transcription and translation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) may have a pleiotropic effect on the immune system and inflammatory diseases. Recently it has been reported that human monocytes not only produce IL-1 but also induce, with adherent IgG, the secretion of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), which can play an essential in vivo and in vitro role in the regulation of IL-1 activity. Recombinant human (rh) IL-1Ra is structurally similar to IL-1 beta but with no IL-1-like activity, and specifically binds to the IL-1 receptor. To more fully evaluate and clarify the inhibitory effect of rhIL-1 receptor antagonist on IL-1 we have studied the influence of rhIL-1Ra on IL-1 transcription and translation. In this report we show that IL-1 beta mRNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is strongly inhibited (66%) when rhIL-1Ra (250 ng/ml) was added to cultured cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml) for 4 hr, determined with the slot blot analysis. The addition of exogenous rhIL-1 beta to the cell culture diminished the inhibitory effect (44%). Moreover, we report that the block of IL-1 mRNA transcription consequently leads to the inhibition of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta secretion in human PBMC, as measured by ELISA method. In fact, herein we show that LPS activates human PBMC to secrete IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha, an effect inhibited, in a dose-dependent fashion by rhIL-1Ra (0.025-250 ng/ml) in an overnight incubation. Since IL-1 is a strong inducer of IL-1 synthesis in vivo and in vitro, in our study we used rh IL-1 alpha to stimulate the secretion of IL-1 beta in human PBMC. This activation, carried out overnight, also provoked the release of IL-1 beta in a dose-dependent manner, which was strongly inhibited by rhIL-1Ra used at different concentrations (0.025-250 ng/ml). The inhibitory effect exerted by IL-1Ra on human PBMC IL-1 mRNA transcription and the down-regulation of secretion of IL-1 beta stimulated by IL-1 alpha, may contribute to therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Context-aware patch generation for better automated program repair (2018)

The effectiveness of search-based automated program repair is limited in the number of correct patches that can be successfully generated. There are two causes of such limitation. First, the search space does not contain the correct patch. Second, the search space is huge and therefore the correct patch cannot be generated (i.e., correct patches are either generated after incorrect plausible ones or not generated within the time budget).
Activities and Attitudes of Participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study (1966)

Journal Article Activities and Attitudes of Participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study Get access Jane Livermore Stone, B.S., Jane Livermore Stone, B.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arthur H. Norris, B.A. Arthur H. Norris, B.A. 1Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Phs, U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Bethesda and the Baltimore City HospitalsBaltimore, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Gerontology, Volume 21, Issue 4, October 1966, Pages 575–580, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/21.4.575 Published: 01 October 1966
A model for comparing process latitude in ultraviolet, deep-ultraviolet, and x-ray lithography (1988)

It is widely recognized that process latitude is an important figure of merit in microlithography. We derive a general expression for process latitude based on a model for lithography that takes into account linewidth control, contrast of the imaging system, diffraction, resist contrast, nonuniformity of illumination, and shot noise. We define a normalized process latitude parameter (NPL) that enables one to compare quantitatively the various optical projection systems and x-ray lithography in the submicron linewidth domain. NPL is plotted as a function of linewidth for two optical projection systems [λ=436 nm, numerical aperture (NA)=0.42; λ=193 nm, NA=0.4] at perfect focus and at 0.5 μm out of focus. These plots are compared with a plot of NPL for x-ray lithography, from 1- to 0.25-μm linewidth, using a mask-to-sample gap of 20 μm and a laser-plasma source centered at λ=1.24 nm. The comparison verifies what others have observed experimentally: that x-ray lithography offers a significant advantage in process latitude.
Heat and Mass Transfer at Large Reynolds Number (2007)

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Error Analysis of a Jaw-Tracking System Using Two Magnets (2003)

We developed a new system to capture jaw movement. It consists of two magnets and biaxial fluxgate sensors. A magnet is fixed to a tooth in the bottom jaw of the subject and another is fixed to the subject's forehead. The system can naturally detect movement of the jaw as a rigid body, because it does not require such attachments as a clutch inside the mouth or a magnetic field sensor array in contact with the head. In this paper, we investigate five error sources of the jaw-tracking system, using a jaw model, and report the achievement of a positional accuracy of 1.5 mm and an axial accuracy of 2 degrees. Positional accuracy within 2 mm is achieved as a rigid body.
Green recyclable SO<sub>3</sub>H-carbon catalyst for the selective synthesis of isomannide-based fatty acid monoesters as non-ionic bio-surfactants (2015)

Solvent free one-pot synthesis of isomannide-based fatty acid monoesters as non-ionic bio-surfactants employing a green recyclable SO<sub>3</sub>H-carbon catalyst was demonstrated.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) Proteins (2011)

Recently regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) proteins have emerged as potential therapeutic targets since they provide an alternative method of modulating the activity of GPCRs, the target of so many drugs. Inhibitors of RGS proteins must block a protein-protein interaction (RGS-Gα), but also be cell and, depending on the therapeutic target, blood brain barrier permeable. A lead compound (1a) was identified as an inhibitor of RGS4 in a screening assay and this has now been optimised for activity, selectivity and solubility. The newly developed ligands (11b, 13) display substantial selectivity over the closely related RGS8 protein, lack the off-target calcium mobilisation activity of the lead 1a and have excellent aqueous solubility. They are currently being evaluated in vivo in rodent models of depression.
An ultra-low noise photoconductive film image sensor with a high-speed column feedback amplifier noise canceller (2013)

We developed an ultra-low noise image sensor in which an organic photoconductive film (OPF) is laminated on the entire surface of the pixel circuits. In order to suppress the kTC noise in the pixel circuit of a three transistor configuration, a high-speed column feedback noise cancel circuit is newly developed. An ultra-low noise of 2.9 electrons during the horizontal blanking period of only 5 μs has been achieved.
Oxygen partial pressure dependences of<i>a</i> <i>c</i>phase ratio, crystallinity, surface roughness and in-plane orientation in YBCO thin film depositions by IBS (2002)

YBa2Cu3OX thin films were grown on MgO by ion beam sputtering at various substrate temperatures TS and oxygen partial pressures PO with a supply of either oxygen molecules or plasma (PL) to study fundamental crystal growth of perovskite oxide. Growth of the a-phase dominates at low TS while that of the c-phase dominates at high TS. This indicates that a thermal surface migration is an important mechanism for the a/c orientations. The c-phase dominates at lower PO, and it decreases while the a-phase increases with increasing PO at TS = 600 °C. This is interpreted by a particle energy assisted surface migration controlled by collision between sputtered particles and the supplied oxygen species. The two results indicate that the surface migration is a crucial factor for the a/c orientations. The a-phase growth is enhanced by PL due to two mechanisms, the collision retarded surface migration, and plasma energy assisted atomic rearrangement and surface energy reduction. Intragrain and intergrain crystallinities show a regular correlation of PO dependences at TS = 600 °C, while a PO dependence of surface roughness shows an inverse correlation with the intragrain and intergrain crystallinities. The mixed film can release a strain energy from interior grain to ambient media, then it has good crystallinity but a rough surface. In contrast, the pure single a-phase film has poor crystallinities but the smoothest surface because the strain energy is stored in the interior. In-plane orientation is improved by increasing the a-phase ratio, and in-plane crystallinity can be improved by PL.
Crown ethers. A new aid to synthesis and to elucidation of reaction mechanisms (1976)

Although there have been many recent and exciting developments in the synthesis of these compounds, no attempt will be made in this review, to update a comprehensive catalogue of such achievement. The emphasis will alternatively be on successful application of macrocyclic polyethers within the the title areas.
Cancer incidence in the islands of the Pacific. (1985)

The South Pacific Commission Cancer Registry has been operational since 1977, and reasonably complete cancer incidence rates are available for New Caledonia, Fiji, Micronesia, the Cook Islands, and Niue. In addition, less complete reporting is available from American Samoa, Papua New Guinea, and French Polynesia. Cancers of the lung, oral cavity, esophagus, liver, and cervix are potentially preventable but prevalent in many Pacific island countries. Unusually low rates of many cancers were observed in Fiji, the most notable being lung and colon-rectum. Thyroid cancer rates are elevated in some but not all female populations. These and other variations in cancer by site are important areas for further research.
Modeling the Buildup of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films Having Exponential Growth (2003)

Two types of polyelectrolyte multilayer films have been reported in the literature. These are (i) films whose mass and thickness increase linearly as the number of deposited bilayers increases and (ii) films that grow exponentially. We present a model for the buildup of exponentially growing films that allows a discussion of the behavior of them in a unified manner. This model is based on the diffusion both in and out the whole film of part of the chains of at least one of the polyelectrolytes constituting the multilayer. In short, the film is brought into contact with the solution of polyelectrolytes that are able to diffuse into the film. Inside of the film, chains of this polyelectrolyte constitute the “free” chains. At the subsequent rinsing step, some of them diffuse outward from the film. The remaining chains leave the film as it is brought into contact further with the polyelectrolyte solution of opposite charge. As the “free” chains reach the film/solution interface, they are complexed by the polyelectrolytes of opposite charge. These complexes, which are composed of both types of polyelectrolytes, contribute to the formation of the additional mass of the multilayer. The model relies on the evaluation of the electrostatic potential in the film within the framework of the Debye−Hückel approximation and takes into consideration the Donnan effect, which is due to noncompensated fixed charges in the film. It also includes the situation where none of the polyelectrolytes diffuse within the multilayer, in which case the film grows linearly. The model predicts the existence of a free-energy barrier that prevents total diffusion of any “free” polyelectrolyte outward from the film during a rinsing step, following contact with a polyelectrolyte solution. It also predicts that usually only one of the two polyelectrolytes that comprise the film diffuses readily into it. Both polyelectrolytes that comprise the film can diffuse “into” and “out of” the multilayer only when the concentration of noncompensated fixed charges within the film is very small. Several predictions of the model are discussed in the light of experimental results that have already been published or are new.
Indium-Mediated Organometallic Reactions in Aqueous Media. Stereoselectivity in the Crotylation of Sulfonimines Bearing a Proximal Chelating Group (2001)

Reaction of sulfonimines having proximal chelating groups with crotyl bromide and indium in aqueous media gave alpha-crotylation products stereoselectively with syn-selectivity.
Estimation of brain iron <i>in vivo</i> by means of the interecho time dependence of image contrast (1996)

An imaging protocol for a quantitative estimation of disease-induced variations in brain iron is proposed and then validated, first, on a phantom and second, on a group of 11 healthy volunteers. The relative estimate of brain iron is achieved from a rate difference image that measures the enhancement, delta R2app, of the transverse relaxation rate of water protons brought about by the heterogeneous accumulation of iron in the glial cells. At 1.5 T, the phantom study demonstrates, over the range 0-6 A/m, a linear dependence of delta R2app on the magnetization difference between microspheres and a paramagnetic gel, with a sensitivity of approximately 2 s-1 A-1 m. In the group of healthy volunteers (mean age 33 +/- 7 years) devoid of disease-related or appreciable age-related accumulations of iron, the precision of delta R2app was still sufficient to distinguish the globus pallidus and the putamen from all of the other iron-containing brain structures in a manner that was significant at the 99% confidence level.
Increased abundance of Sutterella spp. and Ruminococcus torques in feces of children with autism spectrum disorder (2013)

We show further evidence of changes in the gut microbiota of children with ASD and confirm that the abundance of Sutterella spp. is altered in stool.
Movable Guided-Mode Resonant Grating Filters by Four Bimorph Actuators for Wavelength Selective Dynamic Reflection Control (2006)

We fabricate a wavelength selective variable reflection filter driven by four bimorph actuators, which can control positions of the filter anywhere within an air gap. As the filter, a two-dimensional doubly periodic guided-mode resonant grating (GMRG) filter is employed for the first time. Two-dimensional GMRG filters are independent of polarization direction of an incident light, which are strongly desired in optical communications system. In the fabrication, electron beam lithography is used for patterning and fast atom beam etching and vaporized HF etching are carried out to form self-sustained structures. The device was fabricated successfully The peak reflectivity of 82.8% was obtained at a wavelength of 1508.75 nm, and the response time of approximately 50 msec was measured
What's in a Surname? The Effects of Surname Initials on Academic Success (2006)

In this paper, we focus on the effects of surname initials on professional outcomes in the academic labor market for economists. We begin our analysis with data on faculty in all top 35 U.S. economics departments. Faculty with earlier surname initials are significantly more likely to receive tenure at top ten economics departments, are significantly more likely to become fellows of the Econometric Society, and, to a lesser extent, are more likely to receive the Clark Medal and the Nobel Prize. These statistically significant differences remain the same even after we control for country of origin, ethnicity, religion or departmental fixed effects. As a test, we replicate our analysis for faculty in the top 35 U.S. psychology departments, for which coauthorships are not normatively ordered alphabetically. We find no relationship between alphabetical placement and tenure status in psychology. We suspect the “alphabetical discrimination” reported in this paper is linked to the norm in the economics profession prescribing alphabetical ordering of credits on coauthored publications. We also investigate the extent to which the effects of alphabetical placement are internalized by potential authors in their choices to work with different numbers of coauthors as well as in their willingness to follow the alphabetical ordering norm.
Surface-Guided Templating of Particle Assemblies Inside Drying Sessile Droplets (2007)

The particles suspended inside evaporating sessile droplets can be assembled into microscopic objects with long-ranged ordered structure. The air-water droplet interface guides the assembly and determines the shape of the resulting micropatches. We report the results of a systematic study of the mechanism of interface-templated assembly on substrates of controlled contact angle. The kinetics of drying were examined by measurements of droplet profiles, and it was found that the rate matched diffusion-limited evaporation well. The shape of the droplets and of the resulting assemblies was correlated to the dynamics of the receding contact line. The effects of major parameters controlling the process, including contact angle, particle concentration, and electrolyte, were investigated in detail. A variety of micropatch shapes were observed and categorized within the parameter space. The in-depth characterization of the process allowed the optimization of the assembly and the formulation of protocols for the deposition of nanostructured patches of different diameter, thickness, and shape.
Interaction of White and Pink Grapefruit Juice with Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) <i>In Vivo</i> in Mice (2008)

Grapefruit juice increases bioavailability of a number of drugs because of inhibition of the P-glycoprotein pump and inhibition of intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme. However, interaction between acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol in many parts of the world) and grapefruit juice has never been reported. The interaction of grapefruit juice with acetaminophen was examined in an in vivo mouse model. BALB/c mice were fed 200 microL of white grapefruit juice or pink grapefruit juice by oral gavage (three mice in each group) followed by oral delivery of 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg acetaminophen 1 hour later. Blood was withdrawn from the retro-orbital venous plexus at 1 hour and 2 hours after feeding with acetaminophen. The concentrations of acetaminophen in sera of mice were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. White grapefruit juice increased concentrations of acetaminophen in mice both 1 hour and 2 hours after feeding compared to controls. In contrast, pink grapefruit juice increased acetaminophen concentrations 2 hours after feeding compared to controls. Because acetaminophen is almost completely absorbed these effects seems to be related to increased elimination half-life of acetaminophen because of interaction with grapefruit juice.
Expert systems for experts (1988)

Background on Expert Systems A First Glance at Expert Systems Logic Knowledge Knowledge Representation with Frames Uncertainty The Inference Process Building Expert Systems Knowledge Acquisition and Validation Summary Appendix A: Search Appendix B: General-Purpose Reasoning Appendix C: Propositional Logic Appendix D: Relational Databases.
Bacterial Cell Wall (2010)

Abstract Most bacteria are encased in walls that protect the cells against lysis by osmotic forces from within and from chemical or biological assaults from outside. These walls are assembled in layers consisting of four principal components: inner membrane, peptidoglycan, outer membrane and S‐layer. The first two are the basic constituents of bacterial walls, the outer membrane is a hallmark of one branch of bacteria and S‐layers are optional in many different microorganisms. The two fundamental types of wall are Gram‐type positive, which have no outer membrane, and Gram‐type negative, which have an outer membrane. Bacteria also produce various secondary polymers, such as teichoic or mycolic acids, that associate with peptidoglycan and alter its chemical characteristics. Finally, and in addition to its protective role, the wall imparts to bacterial cells their specific shapes and is organised to facilitate the transport of vital chemicals into and out of the cell. Key Concepts: The cell wall protects bacteria from lysis, chemical assault and attack by the immune system. The bacterial cell wall consists of an inner (plasma) membrane, a rigid peptidoglycan exoskeleton and, in some cases, an outer membrane and/or an S‐layer. Peptidoglycan is composed of a long chain of repeating disaccharides linked to one another by short peptide side chains, which creates a single macromolecule surrounding the bacterial cell. The biological properties of many bacterial cell walls are strengthened or enhanced by the addition of secondary cell wall glycopolymers. The bacterial world is divided into two main groups: those that have a single membrane (the plasma or inner membrane) and those that have two membranes (inner and outer membranes). S‐layers are paracrystalline arrays of a single protein that completely cover the exterior of many bacteria. Bacterial shape is determined by cytoskeleton proteins that direct the synthesis of the overall structure of peptidoglycan.
Nucleation and growth of Pt atomic layer deposition on Al2O3 substrates using (methylcyclopentadienyl)-trimethyl platinum and O2 plasma (2011)

The nucleation and growth of Pt atomic layer deposition (ALD) on Al2O3 substrates was studied using (methylcyclopentadienyl)-trimethyl platinum (MeCpPtMe3) and O2 plasma as the reactants. The nucleation of Pt ALD was examined on Al2O3 ALD substrates at 300 °C using a variety of techniques including spectroscopic ellipsometry, x-ray reflectivity, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. These techniques revealed that Pt ALD does not nucleate and grow immediately on the Al2O3 ALD substrates. There was negligible Pt ALD during the first 38 ALD cycles. The Pt ALD growth rate then increased substantially during the next 12 ALD cycles. Subsequently, the Pt ALD growth rate reached a steady state linear growth regime for &gt;50 ALD cycles. These measurements suggest that the Pt ALD first forms a number of nanoclusters that grow slowly during the first 38 ALD cycles. These islands then merge during the next 12 cycles and yield a steady state Pt ALD growth rate of ∼0.05 nm/cycle for &gt;50 ALD cycles. The Pt ALD film at the onset of the steady state linear growth regime was approximately 2–3 nm in thickness. However, the SEM images of these Pt ALD films appeared corrugated and wormlike. These films also had a density that was only 50–70% of bulk Pt. Film densities that were consistent with bulk Pt were not observed until after &gt;100 ALD cycles when the Pt ALD films appeared much smoother and were 4–5 nm in thickness. The Pt ALD nucleation rate could be enhanced somewhat using different O2 plasma parameters.
Sparse matrix vector multiplication on polymorphic-torus (2003)

A two-stage algorithm is described for sparse matrix vector multiplication on the polymorphic-torus, a reconfigurable massively parallel fine-grain architecture, to demonstrate how reconfigurability helps to alleviate matching difficulty. the first stage of the algorithm is the structured condensation which converts the irregular sparse matrix into a more uniform and much denser data structure, while the second requires the architecture to reconfigure itself to fit the condensed data structure. The algorithm highly increases the system utilization of the SIMD machines and has a lower bound in the arithmetic operation count.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>