gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization and ultrastructural localization of two extracellular trypsins produced by Metarhizium anisopliae in infected insect cuticles (1996)

Proteinase 2 (Pr2) is a fungal (Metarhizium anisopliae) serine proteinase which has a tryptic specificity for basic residues and which may be involved in entomopathogenicity. Analytical and preparative isoelectric focusing methods were used to separate two trypsin components, produced during growth on cockroach cuticle, with isoelectric points of 4.4 (molecular mass, 30 kDa) and 4.9 (27 kDa). The catalytic properties of the proteases were analyzed by their kinetic constants and by a combination of two-dimensional gelatin-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and enzyme overlay membranes. Both Pr2 isoforms preferentially cleave at the carboxyl sides of positively charged amino acids, preferring arginine; the pI 4.4 Pr2 isoform also possessed significant activity against lysine. Compared with the pathogen's subtilisin-like enzyme (Pr1), the pI 4.4 Pr2 isoform shows low activity against insoluble proteins in a host (Manduca sexta) cuticle. However, it degrades most cuticle proteins when they are solubilized, with high-molecular-weight basic proteins being preferentially hydrolyzed. Polyclonal antibodies raised against each Pr2 isoform were isotype specific. This allowed us to use ultrastructural immunocytochemistry to independently visualize each isoform during penetration of the host (M. sexta) cuticle. Both isoforms were secreted by infection structures (appressoria) on the cuticle surface and by the penetrant hyphae within the cuticle. The extracellular sheath, which is commonly observed around fungal cells, often contained Pr2 molecules. Intracellular labelling was sparse.
Single Inhalation Exposure to 90 SrCl 2 in the Beagle Dog: Hematological Effects (1987)

The toxicity of 90Sr administered by the inhalation route was studied in young adult Beagle dogs exposed once to aerosols containing 90SrCl2. Due to its relatively soluble chemical form, 90Sr was rapidly translocated from lung to bone where a substantial portion was retained for a long period of time. This resulted in only a brief radiation exposure of the respiratory tract and a protracted exposure of the skeleton. The long-term retained burdens ranged from 0.037 to 4.4 MBq 90Sr/kg body wt. Dogs were subsequently observed throughout their life span. Six dogs with long-term retained burdens of 1.7 to 4.1 MBq 90Sr/kg died at less than 32 days after exposure from radiation-induced bone marrow hypoplasia. Review of hematological parameters of all dogs showed a similar, consistent, and dose-related pancytopenia in those animals having a long-term retained burden of greater than 0.37 MBq 90Sr/kg. Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia persisted in all exposed dogs through 1000 days after exposure. For reference purposes, a burden of 0.37 MBq 90Sr/kg is calculated to deliver an average radiation dose to the skeleton over 30, 100, and 1000 days after intake of 1.0, 2.8, and 17 Gy, respectively. The hematologic changes were similar to those seen in people exposed to high doses of whole-body external radiation.
Transfection of interleukin-8 increases angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of human gastric carcinoma cells in nude mice (1999)

The growth and spread of tumour cells depends on adequate vasculature. We have previously reported that the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) directly correlates with the vascularity of human gastric carcinomas. To provide evidence for a causal role of IL-8 in angiogenesis and tumorigenicity of human gastric cancer, we used the lipofectin method to stably transfect the human TMK-1 gastric carcinoma cells (low endogenous IL-8) with an IL-8 expression vector or control vector. Transfection with IL-8 did not affect the proliferation of cultured cells, yet the culture supernatants of the transfected (but not control) cells stimulated proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The IL-8-transfected and control cells were injected into the gastric wall of nude mice. IL-8-transfected cells produced rapidly growing, highly vascular neoplasms as compared to control cells. These results provide direct evidence for the role of IL-8 in the angiogenesis and tumorigenicity of human gastric carcinomas.
Fast Unit-Modulus Least Squares With Applications in Beamforming (2017)

Unit-modulus least squares (ULS) problems arise in many applications, including phase-only beamforming, sensor network localization, synchronization, phase retrieval, and radar code design. ULS formulations can always be recast as unit-modulus quadratic programs, to which semidefinite relaxation (SDR) can be applied, and is often the state-of-the-art approach. However, SDR lifts the problem dimension (i.e., the number of variables) from N to N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which drastically increases the memory burden and computational cost when the problem size is already large-e.g., when designing phase-only beamformer weights for massive multiple-input-multiple-output systems. This paper focuses on scalable first-order algorithms for the ULS problem and some of its variants. It advocates using simple gradient projection (GP) as a starting point for solving the ULS problem, establishes global convergence of GP to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point for this NP-hard problem, and bounds its iteration complexity. Then it proposes ULS extensions tailored to reflect practical beamformer design objectives, bringing in and exploiting new degrees of freedom to improve the beampattern designs. Simple variants of GP are proposed to deal with these extended ULS problems. Simulations are used to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in both the plain ULS problem and in the context of phase-only beamforming.
An advanced thorax-shoulder design for the THOR dummy (2013)

Thoracic injuries are one of the main causes of fatally\nand severely injured casualties in car crashes.\nAdvances in restraint system technology and airbags\nmay be needed to address this problem; however, the\ncrash test dummies available today for studying these\ninjuries have limitations that prevent them from\nbeing able to demonstrate the benefits of such\ninnovations. THORAX-FP7 was a collaborative\nmedium scale project under the European Seventh\nFramework. It focused on the mitigation and\nprevention of thoracic injuries through an improved\nunderstanding of the thoracic injury mechanisms and\nthe implementation of this understanding in an\nupdated design for the thorax-shoulder complex of\nthe THOR dummy. The updated dummy should\nenable the design and evaluation of advanced\nrestraint systems for a wide variety (gender, age and\nsize) of car occupants.\nThe hardware development involved five steps:\n1) Identification of the dominant thoracic injury types\nfrom field data, 2) Specification of biomechanical\nrequirements, 3) Identification of injury parameters\nand necessary instrumentation, 4) Dummy hardware\ndevelopment and 5) Evaluation of the demonstrator\ndummy.\nThe activities resulted in the definition of new\nbiofidelity and instrumentation requirements for an\nupdated thorax-shoulder complex. Prototype versions\nwere realised and implemented in three THOR\ndummies for biomechanical evaluation testing. This\npaper documents the hardware developments and\nbiomechanical evaluation testing carried out.
Mechanisms of Anorexia Cancer Cachexia Syndrome and Potential Benefits of Traditional Medicine and Natural Herbs (2016)

Anorexia cancer cachexia syndrome is prevalent in advanced cancer patients, which is featured by anorexia, decreased dietary intake, body weight loss (skeletal muscle mass loss), and is unable to be reversed by routine nutritional support therapy. Up to now, the main mechanisms involved in cancer cachexia include excessive systemic inflammation, which is represented by increased plasma levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, tumor-induced factors, such as PIF and LMF. These factors eventually act on orexigenic and anorexigenicneurons located in the hypothalamus or protein and lipid metabolism of peripheral tissues, which lead to anorexia, decreased dietary intake, enhanced basic metabolism rate and hypercatabolism. The treatment modality includes early nutritional intervention, physical activity and drug treatment. However, studies about drugs used to treat cachexia are always controversial or merely effective in stimulating appetite and increasing body weight, though not lean body mass. The main target of pharmaceutical treatment is to improve appetite, decrease systemic inflammation and promote anabolic metabolism. Nevertheless, the treatment effectiveness of chemical drugs are not reaching consensus by existing cachexia guidelines. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is recently known as a promising treatment to improve cachaxia status and quality of life of cancer patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and natural herbal medicines have been used in the treatment of cancer for thousands of years worldwide, particularly in China. More and more research show that traditional Hanfang (Chinese medicines) and some natural herbs with less side reactions, have the effects of antagonizing pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing immune system, inhibiting protein catabolism, boosting the appetite and body weight, which maybe a promising treatment strategy and development tendency for anorexia cancer cachexia syndrome. Keywords: Anorexia cancer cachexia syndrome, excessive systemic inflammation, inflammatory cytokines, complementary and alternative medicine, Hanfang, traditional medicine and natural herbs.
Bit Rate Reduction Video Transcoding with Distributed Computing (2012)

This paper presents an approach to perform bit rate reduction Transco ding by video segmentation. The paper shows how a high performance distributed video transcoder can be built using multiple processing units and a Message Passing Interface based parallel programming model. The computation parallelization and data distribution among computing units is discussed. For data distribution coarse grain approach is used in which significant gain in terms of execution speedup is obtained. The segmentation of video stream with (1) equal size having unequal number of intra frames and (2) unequal size having equal number of intra frames is performed to achieve high performance. The results show that the proposed distributed video transcoder provides very short startup times.
Control of Coherent Acoustic Phonons in Semiconductor Quantum Wells (2001)

Using subpicosecond optical pump-probe techniques, coherent zone-folded longitudinal acoustic phonons (ZFLAPs) were investigated in an InGaN multiple quantum well structure. A two-pump differential transmission technique was used to generate and control coherent ZFLAP oscillations through the relative timing and amplitude of the two pump pulses. Enhancement and suppression of ZFLAP oscillations were demonstrated, including complete cancellation of generated acoustic phonons for the first time in any material system. Coherent control was used to demonstrate that ZFLAPs are generated differently in InGaN multiple quantum wells than in GaAs/AlAs superlattices.
Preparation of Optically Active ( <i> <scp>R</scp> </i> , <i> <scp>R</scp> </i> )‐Hydrobenzoin from Benzoin or Benzil (2005)

Abstract Formic acid Triethylamine Rac ‐Benzoin Ruthenium benzene [N‐[1S,2S)‐2‐amino‐κ‐N)‐1,2‐diphenylethyl‐4‐methyl‐benzenesulfonamidato‐κ‐N]chloro[(1,2,3,4,5,6‐η)‐1‐methyl‐4‐(1‐methylethyl)benzene] Benzil Propanol
Adaptive, spatially-varying aberration correction for real-time holographic projectors (2016)

A method of generating an aberration- and distortion-free wide-angle holographically projected image in real time is presented. The target projector is first calibrated using an automated adaptive-optical mechanism. The calibration parameters are then fed into the hologram generation program, which applies a novel piece-wise aberration correction algorithm. The method is found to offer hologram generation times up to three orders of magnitude faster than the standard method. A projection of an aberration- and distortion-free image with a field of view of 90x45 degrees is demonstrated. The implementation on a mid-range GPU achieves high resolution at a frame rate up to 12fps. The presented methods are automated and can be performed on any holographic projector.
Studies in immunochemistry. 11. The isolation and properties of the human blood-group H substance (1952)

nected only to its reservoir. In this way either bases or acids may be titrated without having to empty and refill the burette. The indicator used was methyl red in saturated aqueous solution. For further experimental details the two earlier papers should be consulted. E. F. ANNISON AND W. T. J. MORGAN lysis of the material with strong acid revealed that 43 % of the total nitrogen was present as amino-acid nitrogen and that the nitrogen of the liberated a-amino groups accounted for at least 81 % of the total nitrogen of the 0 substance. The sera of rabbits immuzed with this so-called 0 substance were found to contain, after absorption with A1B cells, quite potent antibody reactive against 0 and A2 cells.
Preparation and evaluation of a multimodal minoxidil microemulsion versus minoxidil alone in the treatment of androgenic alopecia of mixed etiology: a pilot study (2013)

A multimodal microemulsion comprising minoxidil, diclofenac, and tea tree oil was significantly superior to minoxidil alone and placebo in terms of stability, safety, and efficacy, and achieved an earlier response in the treatment of androgenic alopecia compared with minoxidil alone in this 32-week pilot study.
Strain and pressure sensing using single-walled carbon nanotubes (2004)

In this study, single-walled carbon nanotube-based sensors are proposed for measuring strain and pressure at the nanoscale. The principle of sensing is based on the resonant frequency shift of a carbon nanotube resonator when it is subjected to a strain resulting from external loading. The carbon nanotube in a bridged configuration is simulated by atomistic modelling, the molecular structural mechanics method. The resonant frequency shifts are shown to be linearly dependent on the applied axial strain and the applied pressure. The sensitivities of nanotube-based sensors are enhanced with the reduction of tube length and tube diameter, respectively, for axial strain and pressure sensing.
An Efficient and Scalable Platform for Java Source Code Analysis Using Overlaid Graph Representations (2020)

Although source code programs are commonly written as textual information, they enclose syntactic and semantic information that is usually represented as graphs. This information is used for many different purposes, such as static program analysis, advanced code search, coding guideline checking, software metrics computation, and extraction of semantic and syntactic information to create predictive models. Most of the existing systems that provide these kinds of services are designed ad hoc for the particular purpose they are aimed at. For this reason, we created ProgQuery, a platform to allow users to write their own Java program analyses in a declarative fashion, using graph representations. We modify the Java compiler to compute seven syntactic and semantic representations, and store them in a Neo4j graph database. Such representations are overlaid, meaning that syntactic and semantic nodes of the different graphs are interconnected to allow combining different kinds of information in the queries/analyses. We evaluate ProgQuery and compare it to the related systems. Our platform outperforms the other systems in analysis time, and scales better to program sizes and analysis complexity. Moreover, the queries coded show that ProgQuery is more expressive than the other approaches. The additional information stored by ProgQuery increases the database size and associated insertion time, but these increases are significantly lower than the query/analysis performance gains obtained.
Increased Specificity of Liver Scanning with the Use of<sup>67</sup>Gallium Citrate (1972)

Sixty-one patients with focal defects on colloid liver scan and two with infrahepatic mass lesions were studied with 67gallium citrate. Definite accumulation of the radionuclide was noted in the lesions of 23 of 30 patients with hepatic cancer –11 of 12 with hepatocellular carcinoma, four of nine with metastatic adenocarcinoma, two with squamous-cell carcinoma, two with malignant melanoma, two with Hodgkin's disease, one with undifferentiated carcinoma and one with hepatoblastoma. The tracer was poorly taken up by five metastatic adenocarcinomas and one malignant carcinoid. Four of six patients with liver abscess and one with cirrhosis also had appreciable accumulation of gallium in the liver lesions. Twenty-six other patients with benign conditions producing focal defects on the colloid liver scan did not have appreciable uptake of gallium. The gallium studies were helpful in the detection of hepatoma in patients with cirrhosis and in differentiating cancer and abscess from more benign causes of an abnormal liver scan.
Using Branch Predictors and Variable Encoding for On-the-Fly Program Tracing (2012)

Unobtrusive capturing of program execution traces in real-time is crucial for debugging many embedded systems. However, tracing even limited program segments is often cost-prohibitive, requiring wide trace ports and large on-chip trace buffers. This paper introduces a new cost-effective technique for capturing and compressing program execution traces on-the-fly. It relies on branch predictor-like structures in the trace module and corresponding software modules in the debugger to significantly reduce the number of events that need to be streamed out of the target system. Coupled with an effective variable encoding scheme that adapts to changing program patterns, our technique requires merely 0.029 bits per instruction of trace port bandwidth, providing a 34-fold improvement over the commercial state-of-the-art and a five-fold improvement over academic proposals, at the low cost of under 5,000 logic gates.
Improved phase-gate reliability in systems with neutral Ising anyons (2010)

Recent proposals using heterostructures of superconducting and either topologically insulating or semiconducting layers have been put forth as possible platforms for topological quantum computation. These systems are predicted to contain Ising anyons and share the feature of having only neutral edge excitations. In this note, we show that these proposals can be combined with the recently proposed ``sack geometry'' for implementation of a phase gate in order to conduct robust universal quantum computation. In addition, we propose a general method for adjusting edge tunneling rates in such systems, which is necessary for the control of interferometric devices. The error rate for the phase gate in neutral Ising systems is parametrically smaller than for a similar geometry in which the edge modes carry charge: it goes as ${T}^{3}$ rather than $T$ at low temperatures. At zero temperature, the phase variance becomes constant at long times rather than carrying a logarithmic divergence.
Vibration sensor for particle concentration measurement in pneumatic pipeline flows (2010)

Accurate measurements of pneumatically driven particle mass flow rate and particle size are necessary in order to maintain optimal combustion efficiency in coal-fired power plants and cement manufacturing facilities, as well as numerous other operations which are fed by multiple particle injection ports. Existing sensors for pneumatic particle concentration, such as concentration sensors, are typically prohibitively expensive and their measurements are sensitive to particle moisture content. A new sensor was developed for particle concentration measurement in pneumatic pipeline flow based on measurement of particle effects on fluid-induced oscillations of a probe extending into the flow. Since fluid-induced oscillations occur at a much lower frequency than do particle collisions, the measurements can be made with much simpler and less expensive equipment than is the case with impact sensors that attempt to resolve individual particle collisions. Experimental tests indicate three statistical measures of the probe acceleration data that exhibit smooth variation with the particle diameter and concentration data. The experimental data are used to train a neural net, which serves to interpolate the data. It is found that by training the neural net data on the statistical measures of the sensor probe acceleration, information on the particle concentration field can be extracted with a reasonable degree of accuracy.
Production of colominic acid by Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A2 organisms (1987)

Using chemical analysis and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, capsular polysaccharide purified from culture supernatants of a strain of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A2 was shown to consist of a (2 → 8)-α-linked polymer of N-acetylneuraminic acid. This is identical to the capsular polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis group B and Escherichia coli K1, and is known as colominic acid. Polymer isolated from a second strain was contaminated with α-1,4-linked dextran. The known poor immunogenicity of these two polymers explains the failure by others to produce effective extract vaccines for this important ovine pathogen.
Online allocation of display ads with smooth delivery (2012)

Display ads on the Internet are often sold in bundles of thousands or millions of impressions over a particular time period, typically weeks or months. Ad serving systems that assign ads to pages on behalf of publishers must satisfy these contracts, but at the same time try to maximize overall quality of placement. This is usually modeled in the literature as an online allocation problem, where contracts are represented by overall delivery constraints over a finite time horizon. However this model misses an important aspect of ad delivery: time homogeneity. Advertisers who buy these packages expect their ad to be shown smoothly throughout the purchased time period, in order to reach a wider audience, to have a sustained impact, and to support the ads they are running on other media (e.g., television). In this paper we formalize this problem using several nested packing constraints, and develop a tight (1-1/e)-competitive online algorithm for this problem. Our algorithms and analysis require novel techniques as they involve online computation of multiple dual variables per ad. We then show the effectiveness of our algorithms through exhaustive simulation studies on real data sets.
Superoxide dismutase: an industrial perspective (2010)

The application of enzyme technologies to industrial research, development, and manufacturing has become a very important field. Since the production of crude rennet in 1874, several enzymes have been commercialized, and used for therapeutic, supplementary, and other applications. Recent advancements in biotechnology now allow companies to produce safer and less expensive enzymes with enhanced potency and specificity. Antioxidant enzymes are emerging as a new addition to the pool of industrial enzymes and are surpassing all other enzymes in terms of the volume of research and production. In the 1990s, an antioxidant enzyme--superoxide dismutase (SOD)--was introduced into the market. Although the enzyme initially showed great promise in therapeutic applications, it did not perform up to expectations. Consequently, its use was limited to non-drug applications in humans and drug applications in animals. This review summarizes the rise and fall of SOD at the industrial level, the reasons for this, and potential future thrust areas that need to be addressed. The review also focuses on other industrially relevant aspects of SOD such as industrial importance, enzyme engineering, production processes, and process optimization and scale-up.