gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mono‐, bis‐ and tetra‐acridine ligands: Synthesis, X‐ray structural determination and dynamic fluorescence microscopic studies on the modification of the higher order structure of DNA (1995)

Abstract A series of mono‐, bis‐ and tetra‐acridine ligands were prepared and their effects on the higher order structure of DNA were studied by dynamic fluorescence microscopy. The single‐crystal structure of the bis‐acridine derivative N ‐[2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl]‐4‐[2‐(9‐acridinylamino)benzamido]‐2‐(9‐acridinylamino)benzamide trihydrochloride (4) was determined, and shows that the molecule is sufficiently flexible to fold into an intramolecular stacking interaction in the crystal, supporting earlier hydrodynamic evidence that this compound can bis‐intercalate into DNA forming a single base pair (bp) sandwich complex. The corresponding tetra‐acridine analogue 1,11‐bis[4‐[2‐(9‐acridinylamino)benzamido]‐2‐(9‐acridinylamino)phenyl]‐1,11‐dioxo‐6‐methyl‐2,6,10‐triazaundecane pentahydrochloride (6) was synthesized, and dynamic fluorescence microscopy was used to study the effects of 4 and 6 on the higher order structure of large T4 DNA molecules (166 kbp), by measuring the average long‐axis legth (persistence length, l ) of the complexes. The mono‐intercalating ligand acridine orange (5) increase l , whereas the bisintercalating diacridine 4 has no apparent effect and the putative multi‐intercalating tetracridine derivative 6 decreases l by compacting the higher order DNA structure. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the technique for directly observing ligand–DNA complexes, and show that ligands with suitably positioned multiple binding sites can influence the higher order structure of DNA (and thus possibly gene expression).
Defining a Region of the Human Keratin 6a Gene That Confers Inducible Expression in Stratified Epithelia of Transgenic Mice (1997)

Injury to the epidermis and other stratified epithelia triggers a repair response involving the rapid induction of several genes, including keratin 6 (K6). The signaling pathways and mechanisms presiding over this induction in keratinocytes at the wound edge remain to be defined. We reported previously that of the multiple genes encoding K6 isoforms in human, K6a is dominant in skin epithelia (Takahashi, K., Paladini, R., Coulombe, P. A. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 18581-18592). Using bacterial LacZ as a reporter gene in transgenic mice, we show that the proximal 5.2 kilobases of 5'-upstream sequence from the K6a gene fails to direct sustained expression in any adult tissue, including those where K6 is constitutively expressed (e.g. hair follicle, nail, oral mucosa, tongue, esophagus, forestomach). In contrast, the proximal 960 base pairs of 5'-upstream sequence suffice to mediate an induction of beta-galactosidase expression in a near-correct spatial and temporal fashion after injury to epidermis and other stratified epithelia. Transgene expression also occurs following topical application of phorbol esters, all-trans-retinoic acid, or 2-4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene, all known to induce K6 expression in skin. Our data show that critical regulatory sequences for this inducibility are located between -960 and -550 bp in the 5'-upstream sequence of K6a and that their activity is influenced by enhancer element(s) located between -2500 and -5200 base pairs. These findings have important implications for the control of gene expression after injury to stratified epithelia.
Kidney produces a novel acylated peptide, ghrelin (2000)

Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone-releasing peptide with a unique acylated structure. Here we reveal that prepro-ghrelin gene is expressed in the mouse kidney and glomerulus. We also show by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with radioimmunoassay that the mouse kidney does produce ghrelin. The ghrelin immunoreactivity in the mouse kidney is 6.79+/-0.48 fmol/mg (n=5), which is much more abundant than that in the mouse plasma of 0.339+/-0.029 fmol/microl (n=6). Furthermore, prepro-ghrelin gene is expressed in cultured rat mesangial cells, fibroblast-like NRK-49F cells and mouse podocytes, but not in rat epithelial cell-like NRK-52E cells. Ghrelin receptor gene is also expressed in the rat kidney. These findings demonstrate that the kidney, glomerulus and renal cells express prepro-ghrelin gene and ghrelin is produced locally in the kidney, and suggest the endocrine and/or paracrine roles of ghrelin in the kidney.
The<i>Streptomyces coelicolor ssgB</i>gene is required for early stages of sporulation (2003)

ssgB was identified as a novel early sporulation gene in Streptomyces coelicolor. An ssgB deletion mutant failed to sporulate, over-produced actinorhodin, and its colonies were significantly larger than those of the parental strain, suggesting an important role for the ssgB gene product in the process of growth cessation prior to sporulation-specific cell division. This places ssgB temporally before the paralogous sporulation gene ssgA. Analysis of ssgB mutant hyphae by electron microscopy and by confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that it was defective in the initiation of sporulation, as no sporulation septa could be identified, and DNA segregation had not yet been initiated in the mutant.
Modeling Quantitative Trait Loci and Interpretation of Models (2005)

A quantitative genetic model relates the genotypic value of an individual to the alleles at the loci that contribute to the variation in a population in terms of additive, dominance, and epistatic effects. This partition of genetic effects is related to the partition of genetic variance. A number of models have been proposed to describe this relationship: some are based on the orthogonal partition of genetic variance in an equilibrium population. We compare a few representative models and discuss their utility and potential problems for analyzing quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a segregating population. An orthogonal model implies that estimates of the genetic effects are consistent in a full or reduced model in an equilibrium population and are directly related to the partition of the genetic variance in the population. Linkage disequilibrium does not affect the estimation of genetic effects in a full model, but would in a reduced model. Certainly linkage disequilibrium would complicate the detection of QTL and epistasis. Using different models does not influence the detection of QTL and epistasis. However, it does influence the estimation and interpretation of genetic effects.
A PC Chase (1998)

PC stands for path-conjunctive, the name of a class of queries and dependencies that we define over complex values with dictionaries. This class includes the relational conjunctive queries and embedded dependencies, as well as many interesting examples of complex value and oodb queries and integrity constraints. We show that some important classical results on containment, dependency implication, and chasing extend and generalize to this class. Comments University of Pennsylvania Department of Computer and Information Science Technical Report No. MSCIS-98-24. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cis_reports/135
What classical optics can do for the digital optical computer (1986)

Recently, quite strong nonlinear optical configurations such as MQW have been invented. As a consequence, optical logic components with reasonable parameters are now feasible, but that is not enough to justify the development of a digital optical computer. The natural parallelism of optical instruments provides the impetus for developing a highly parallel digital optical computer. The optical technology is not so far behind the electronics technology as one might suspect. We show how varieties of computer subsystems can be implemented relatively easily by classical optical hardware.
Chemical Effects on Nuclear Induction Signals from Organic Compounds (1951)

First Page
Phase variability of structural transfer functions (1986)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1986.
Definition of a core region of RAG-2 that is functional in V(D)J recombination (1994)

The products of the RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes cooperate to allow V(D)J recombination in lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells. As one step toward understanding the role of RAG-2, we have constructed mutated RAG-2 genes and examined their ability to support recombination of plasmid substrates in a fibroblast cell line. The mutations define essential and dispensable parts of the RAG-2 gene. Mutations in the N-terminal part eliminate almost all activity. In the central region of the protein, some but not all local alterations still allow recombination. On the other hand, proteins with large deletions from the C-terminal end, including one truncated by 25%, still retain activity, even though this part of the protein is highly conserved between species. Similar results were obtained with substrates that retain either a signal joint or a coding joint, or perform an inversion. Thus all basic features of V(D)J joining are retained in a RAG-2 protein with only the first 75% of the sequence.
AGNESS: a generalized network-based expert system shell (1986)

AGNESS is an expert system shell developed at the University of Minnesota. AGNESS is more general than other shells. It uses a computation network to represent expert defined rules, and can handle any well-defined inference method. The system works with non-numeric as well as numeric data, and shares constructs whenever possible to achieve increased storage efficiency. AGNESS uses a menu-driven user interface, and has several features that make the system friendly and convenient to use. The system includes eight explanation queries designed to increase the amount of information available to the user, the expert, and the knowledge engineer while remaining simple enough to be included in most of today’s expert system shells. AGNESS has been tested on several domains ranging from simplified problems to real world medical analysis. I. lNTRODUCTlON The design of expert consultation systems has been a topic of growing interest in Artificial Intelligence (Al) research during the past decade. Numerous expert systems have been constructed to give consultations in a variety of application areas. Two prominent examples of this are MYCIN [l], a program for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, and PROSPECTOR [2], a mineral exploration system. The common aim of expert system technology is to represent and apply knowledge obtained from a specialist in the problem domain. Early in the history of this technology, people realized that rewriting the entire system for a new domain was both wasteful and unnecessary. Since most of the operational code can be separated from the domain specific knowledge, one program can be written to handle rule bases from several domains. Using this idea, a system can be developed for a new domain by simply changing the rules that the operational system handles. This operational system is called a skeletal system or an expert system shell. Many expert system shells have been implemented recently with varying degrees of success. The best known of these are KEE ( Knowledge Engineering Environment) from Intellicorp, LOOPS developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, and
Battery state of charge estimation based on a combined model of Extended Kalman Filter and neural networks (2011)

This paper presents our research in battery State of Charge (SOC) estimation for intelligent battery management. Our research focus is to investigate online dynamic SOC estimation using a combination of Kalman filtering and a neural network. First, we developed a method to model battery hysteresis effects using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Secondly, we designed a SOC estimation model, NN-EKF model, that incorporates the estimation made by the EKF into a neural network. The proposed methods have been evaluated using real data acquired from two different batteries, a lithium-ion battery U1-12XP and a NiMH battery with 1.2 V and 3.4 Ah. Our experiments show that our EKF method developed to model battery hysteresis based on separated charge and discharge Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) curves gave the top performances in estimating SOC when compared with other advanced methods. Secondly, the NN-EKF model for SOC estimation gave the best SOC estimation with and without temperature data.
Rifamycin SV in the Treatment of Knee Synovitis. (1982)

Rifamycin SV, injected intraarticularly at dosages of 500 mg weekly, induced a complete removal of persistent knee effusions in 57 of 60 rheumatoid patients, and in all patients with effusions due to juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (three), ankylosing spondylitis (three), psoriatic arthritis (10), intermittent hydrarthrosis (two) and chondromatosis (two). One rheumatoid patient did not respond to treatment, and two dropped out because of local side effects. The number of infiltrations varied between three and 12, and was correlated with activity grade of local synovitis (P < .05). As of this writing, 50 out of 57 rheumatoid patients and 19 out of 20 belonging to the other groups have not had a relapse of effusions after 25 to 36 months and 12 to 20 months respectively. While the changes in the synovial fluid and membrane of the rheumatoid subjects, and the results obtained from experimental arthritis in guinea pigs, confirm the hypothesis that Rifamycin has a local antiinflammatory action in arthritic knee joints, they also suggest that this property alone of the drug is not entirely responsible for its therapeutic action.
Early infant feeding and micro‐ecology of the gut (1994)

Newborn infants are rapidly colonized by both aerobic and and anaerobic bacteria, initially with about 50% of each type. Several factors related both to the infant and its environment influence the composition of the intestinal microflora quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Major ecological disturbances are observed in newborn infants treated with antimicrobial agents. One way of minimizing the ecological disturbances, which may be seen in infants treated in neonatal intensive care units, is to provide them with fresh breast milk from their mothers and to use antimicrobial therapy only under strict clinical indications.
Insertion Force Estimation of Various Microneedle Array-type Structures Fabricated by a Microstereolithography Apparatus (2006)

Microneedles have been fabricated for painless drug delivery via skin. These microneedles have limitations on fabricating and drug amount due to their small size. But the continuous growth of MEMS and LIGA technologies enable fabricating more smaller microneedle, and array-type microneedles can deliver more drug to blood vessels via skin. In this case, the strength against human skin has to be considered according to the shape and arrangement of microneedles. In this paper, instead of MEMS and LIGA technologies, a microstereolithography technology was used to fabricate various microneedle array-type structures. A microstereolithography is a noble process for fabricating complex 3D microstructures with a few micrometers resolution. First, we fabricated three array-type microneedles which shapes are likely to be a quadrangular, but has different dimensions. To analyze fracture force of fabricated microneedle array-type structures, an analysis tool was used. In the analysis the microneedle array was modeled as a quadrangular pyramid with different dimensions which are the same as the fabricated structures. The force acting on microneedle array was distributed load over the whole surface contacted on needle base. Also, to optimize the arrangement of microneedle array, we modeled two microneedles which distance is various. From the result of the analysis, optimal shape, arrangement of microneedle array, and stress acting on the microneedle were found
Importance of Postprandial Glucose Control (2001)

Although a traditional goal of glycemic control in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is to normalize fasting plasma glucose, emerging data indicate that modulation of postprandial plasma glucose levels plays an important role in overall glycemic control. This article reviews the evidence linking postprandial glucose levels with long-term indices of diabetes control, such as glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid abnormalities, and the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Early in the development of type 2 diabetes, the initial burst of insulin release in response to food intake is compromised, allowing postprandial hyperglycemia to develop. Meal-associated hyperglycemia further contributes to increase insulin resistance and decrease insulin production. Evidence of a strong correlation between high postprandial glycemic levels and the development of vascular complications underscores the significance of treating mealtime glycemia. Emerging drugs that reduce postprandial hyperglycemia include the D-phenylalanine derivative nateglinide, amylin derivative pramlintide, and glucagon-like insulinotropic peptide.
Shoulder Surfing Resistant Virtual Keyboard for Internet Banking (2014)

2 Abstract: Today the prevalence of online banking is enormous. People prefer to accomplish their financial transactions through the online banking services offered by their banks. This method of accessing is more convenient, quicker and secured. Banks are also encouraging their customers to opt for this mode of e-banking facilities since that result in cost savings for the banks and there is better customer satisfaction. An important aspect of online banking is the precise authentication of users before allowing them to access their accounts. Typically this is done by asking the customers to enter their unique login id and password combination. The success of this authentication relies on the ability of customers to maintain the secrecy of their passwords. Since the customer login to the banking portals normally occur in public environments, the passwords are prone to key logging attacks. To avoid this, virtual keyboards are provided. But virtual keyboards are vulnerable to shoulder surfing based attacks. In this paper, a secured virtual keyboard scheme that withstands such attacks is proposed. Elaborate user studies carried out on the proposed scheme have testified the security and the usability of the proposed approach.
Image Quality Enhancement Using the Direction and Thickness of Vein Lines for Finger-Vein Recognition (2012)

On the basis of the increased emphasis placed on the protection of privacy, biometric recognition systems using physical or behavioural characteristics such as fingerprints, facial characteristics, iris and finger-vein patterns or the voice have been introduced in applications including door access control, personal certification, Internet banking and ATM machines. Among these, finger-vein recognition is advantageous in that it involves the use of inexpensive and small devices that are difficult to counterfeit. In general, finger-vein recognition systems capture images by using near infrared (NIR) illumination in conjunction with a camera. However, such systems can face operational difficulties, since the scattering of light from the skin can make capturing a clear image difficult. To solve this problem, we proposed new image quality enhancement method that measures the direction and thickness of vein lines. This effort represents novel research in four respects. First, since vein lines are detected in input images based on eight directional profiles of a grey image instead of binarized images, the detection error owing to the non-uniform illumination of the finger area can be reduced. Second, our method adaptively determines a Gabor filter for the optimal direction and width on the basis of the estimated direction and thickness of a detected vein line. Third, by applying this optimized Gabor filter, a clear vein image can be obtained. Finally, the further processing of the morphological operation is applied in the Gabor filtered image and the resulting image is combined with the original one, through which finger-vein image of a higher quality is obtained. Experimental results from application of our proposed image enhancement method show that the equal error rate (EER) of finger-vein recognition decreases to approximately 0.4% in the case of a local binary pattern-based recognition and to approximately 0.3% in the case of a wavelet transform-based recognition.
Regression Relevance Models for Data Fusion (2007)

Data fusion has been investigated by many researchers in the information retrieval community and has become an effective technique for improving retrieval effectiveness. In this paper we investigate how to model rank-probability of relevance relationship in resultant document list for data fusion since reliable relevance scores are very often unavailable for component results. We apply statistical regression technique in our investigation. Different regression models are tried and two good models, which are cubic and logistic models, are selected from a group of candidates. Experiments with 3 groups of results submitted to TREC are carried out and experimental results demonstrate that the cubic and logistic models work better than the linear model and are as good as those methods which use scoring information.
Neoadjuvant checkpoint blockade for cancer immunotherapy (2020)

Cancer immunotherapies that target the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1):programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint pathway have ushered in the modern oncology era. Drugs that block PD-1 or PD-L1 facilitate endogenous antitumor immunity and, because of their broad activity spectrum, have been regarded as a common denominator for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, many advanced tumors demonstrate de novo or acquired treatment resistance, and ongoing research efforts are focused on improving patient outcomes. Using anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 treatment against earlier stages of cancer is hypothesized to be one such solution. This Review focuses on the development of neoadjuvant (presurgical) immunotherapy in the era of PD-1 pathway blockade, highlighting particular considerations for biological mechanisms, clinical trial design, and pathologic response assessments. Findings from neoadjuvant immunotherapy studies may reveal pathways, mechanisms, and molecules that can be cotargeted in new treatment combinations to increase anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 efficacy.
Estimation and Optimal Feedback Control Theory Applied to a Nuclear Boiling Water Reactor (1975)

A linear dynamic model, a quadratic performance index, and a Gaussian stochastic noise assumption (LQG-theory) have been used to design a feedback controller for a simulated current design 1100-MW(e) boiling water reactor. The total plant power control is studied in the range of 65 to 100% of rated power, with main emphasis on load-following control. An extended Kalman filter used in parallel with the compensator during normal operation is suggested for on-line parameter estimation. The algorithms are considered suitable for implementation in direct digital control.
A new-ultra-density solid state memory: Bloch line memory (1983)

A new magnetic solid state memory is proposed, which utilizes usual bubble garnet films. The "1" or "0" is stored by the presence or absence of a negative vertical Bloch line pair in the stripe domains. The memory chip organization is composed of a conductor-drive bubble-propagation major line and long stripe domains aligned in parallel which constitute minor loops to accommodate vertical Bloch line pairs. When doing the writing, the presence and absence of the bubbles in the major line is converted to the presence and absence of the vertical Bloch line in the storage area. When doing the reading, the reverse is true. The Bloch line pair is replicated in the stripe domains, and the converted bubbles are detected by the usual stretcher detector. The Bloch lines propagate under the successively applied bias pulsed fields. The bit density increases drastically, and we can expect around 1.6 Gbit/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using 0.5 μm bubble garnet films.