gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Characterization of Self-Assembled Lipid Monolayers by <i>N</i>π<i>T</i> Simulation (1998)

Molecular dynamics simulations in which the number of molecules (N), the two-dimensional pressure (π), and the temperature (T) are held fixed (NπT) were performed on phospholipid monolayers in two-dimensional periodic boundary conditions. Four different phospholipids were simulated: dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), disteroylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), and 1-steroyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylethanolamine (SAPE) in both low- and high-density states. The simulations reproduced pressure−area isotherms measured on a Langmuir−Blodgett trough. The alkyl chain alignment in the low-density simulations also compared well to results of H2 NMR investigations from the literature. Simulations in which the area of the lipid monolayer was fixed (NAT) were also performed. Simulations in the NπT ensemble were superior to the NAT simulations. Inaccurate equilibrium pressures and alkyl chain order resulted from the NAT simulations. Experimental results indicated the presence of a phase transition in the DPPC isotherm. The simulations indicate this phase transition results from a desolvation of the lipid headgroups as the monolayer is pressurized. However, these simulations have not completely equilibrated. This makes any conclusions drawn from these or the many similar simulations in the literature suspect until independent validation is obtained.
Spectral Signal Density of Carotid Plaque Using Dual‐Energy Computed Tomography (2017)

In the present pilot investigation, virtual monochromatic imaging at low-energy levels derived from dual-energy CTA allowed the largest differences in attenuation levels between tissues, without affecting vessel or plaque geometry.
Nanoparticle‐Stabilized Double Emulsions and Compressed Droplets (2011)

Stable double emulsions, both oil-in-water-in-oil and water-in-oil-in-water, stabilized by two types of nanoparticles residing at the o/w interfaces (see picture; red: CdSe quantum dots) were prepared in a simple fashion by shaking, and with narrow size distributions by microcapillary flow focusing. These double-emulsion droplets proved stable against coalescence throughout solvent evaporation, allowing for formation of nanoparticle foams and hexagonally arrayed structures.
Lattice dynamics in mono- and few-layer sheets of WS2 and WSe2 (2013)

Thickness is one of the fundamental parameters that define the electronic, optical, and thermal properties of two-dimensional (2D) crystals. Phonons in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) were recently found to exhibit unique thickness dependence due to the interplay between short and long range interactions. Here we report Raman spectra of atomically thin sheets of WS2 and WSe2, isoelectronic compounds of MoS2, in the mono- to few-layer thickness regime. We show that, similar to the case of MoS2, the characteristic A1g and E2g(1) modes exhibit stiffening and softening with increasing number of layers, respectively, with a small shift of less than 3 cm(-1) due to large mass of the atoms. Thickness dependence is also observed in a series of multiphonon bands arising from overtone, combination, and zone edge phonons, whose intensity exhibit significant enhancement in excitonic resonance conditions. Some of these multiphonon peaks are found to be absent only in monolayers. These features provide a unique fingerprint and rapid identification for monolayer flakes.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Assay of Chloramphenicol in Serum (1978)

A new method for the analysis of serum chloramphenicol by reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. The method involves a preliminary extraction of 0.1 ml of serum with ethyl acetate containing an internal standard, chromatography with a reversed-phase C18 microparticulate column with an acetonitrile-acetate buffer mobile phase, and detection by measuring UV absorbance at 270 nm. Assay performance was compared with an existing microbiological assay. The HPLC method demonstrated both increased precision and increased sensitivity. The specificity of the HPLC method was also evaluated. The new method presents an alternative approach to the analysis of clinical specimens.
In vitro determination of the antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus: possible role of proteolytic activity and membrane lipopolysaccharide (2013)

We carried out a comprehensive overview of inhibitory effects of selected antibiotics on planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) strains. The possible involvement of protease activity and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profile of P. aeruginosa were also analyzed. Biofilm cells of both strains were more resistant to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. Protease activity was increased in both strains in the biofilm forms. Challenge with sublethal doses of antibiotics also increased proteolytic activity of biofilm cells. Additionally, the LPS profile of P. aeruginosa showed pattern alterations of the biofilm that can contribute to biofilm resistance and survival. These observations provide evidence for the involvement of bacterial proteolytic activity and LPS profile in the resistance of biofilm bacteria to antibiotics compared to their planktonic counterparts.
Immunoneutralization of Inhibin and Estradiol during the Follicular Phase Of the Estrous Cycle in Cows1 (1995)

To investigate the physiological importance of inhibin and estradiol in the regulation of FSH secretion during the follicular phase of the estrous-cycle in cows, animals were passively immunized against the two hormones. Sixteen cows were divided into four equal groups and given injections of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PG) i.m. twice at 8-h intervals on Day 10 of the estrous cycle (Day 0 = day of estrus) to induce luteal regression. At 48 h after the first PG injection, each group of four cows received injections of one of the following: 100 ml castrated goat serum (control serum), 100 ml antiserum against inhibin, 100 ml antiserum against estradiol, or a combination of 100 ml inhibin antiserum and 100 ml estradiol antiserum. The LH surge occurred within 2 days after injection of the control serum or inhibin antiserum, whereas it was not detected in either of the groups passively immunized against estradiol, indicating that passive immunization against estradiol blocks a positive feedback effect of estradiol on LH secretion. There was no clear difference in basal concentrations of LH among the four groups. Injection of the inhibin antiserum resulted in a marked increase (p < 0.01) in plasma concentrations of FSH compared with values in the control group, while there were no significant changes in concentrations of plasma FSH after injection of the estradiol antiserum. Combined administration of the inhibin and estradiol antisera also produced a marked increase (p < 0.01) in plasma concentrations of FSH. The FSH response to the combined immunization was longer in duration than the FSH response to immunization with inhibin alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MRAP2 (Melanocortin Receptor Accessory Protein Two) and its role in melanocortin receptor trafficking and expression (2009)

PhD
FORMATION OF A BACTERIAL TOXIN (STREPTOLYSIN S) BY RESTING CELLS (1949)

The interaction of washed cocci, prepared under specified conditions, and a polynucleotide (AF) results in the formation of streptolysin S provided a fermentable carbohydrate is present. Maximum toxin formation requires, in addition, the presence of magnesium, potassium, and phosphate ions. Streptolysin S production proceeds anaerobically as well as aerobically but under the latter condition, apparently only if the system is sufficiently reducing. Temperature has a marked effect on the rate of appearance of toxin, the critical thermal increment having a value of approximately 36,000. The formation of streptolysin S is inhibited by mercuric ion, arsenite, iodoacetate, dinitrophenol, azide, and other enzyme poisons. The development of streptolysin S in resting cell systems depends neither upon autolysis nor upon physical extraction of preformed toxin but upon toxin synthesis. From the supernatant fluid of the resting cell system, a product containing 20,000 to 30,000 units of streptolysin S per mg. dry weight can be isolated. Information concerning the pH stability of the product is presented. The product is free of streptokinase, hyaluronidase, and proteinase, but possesses appreciable desoxyribonuclease activity. Chemical analyses and other findings indicate that polynucleotide and carbohydrate are present in major amount, and that a small but undetermined quantity of protein is present. Inactivation of streptolysin S by chymotrypsin, ficin, papain, or cathepsin, and not by a variety of other enzymes, indicates that protein is essential for activity, but the precise chemical composition of the toxin remains to be established.
Squeeze-chip: a finger-controlled microfluidic flow network device and its application to biochemical assays (2012)

We designed and fabricated a novel microfluidic device that can be operated through simple finger squeezing. On-chip microfluidic flow control is enabled through an optimized network of check-valves and squeeze-pumps. The sophisticated flow system can be easily constructed by combining a few key elements. We implemented this device to perform quantitative biochemical assays with no requirement for precision instruments.
Polarization control for coherent communications (1990)

Two practical implementations of endless polarization control are described. The first approach uses polarization maintaining fiber transducer, while the second uses an integrated optic lithium niobate device. In order to characterize the lithium niobate device in detail, a technique for analyzing the birefringence as a function of the applied voltages was developed, and the measured performance of the devices is presented. Fractional-wave controllers for both static and endless control applications are considered, and design rules for maximum wavelength-window and minimum loss fiber-loop polarization adjusters are given. Endless control using various configurations of the three types of transducers is discussed, and it is shown how apparently different schemes are closely related.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
TOYOTA LEAN BURN ENGINE (1977)

A simple turbulence generating pot - tgp - makes it possible to use a lean fuel mixture. By a suitable arrangement of the sparking plugs in this chamber and adjustment of the chamber volume to the volume of the stroke (4.6 ccm/397 ccm) of the cylinder and to the bore of the firing canal (9.5 mm), the no(x) proportion in the exhaust gases was sharply reduced. By the maintenance of constant ignition conditions and by means of a very simple after burning unit, the proportions of co and hc were also kept down. /TRRL/
Characterization of singly reduced iron(II) porphyrins (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of singly reduced iron(II) porphyrinsRobert J. Donohoe, Michael Atamian, and David F. BocianCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 19, 5593–5599Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00253a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00253a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views614Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Plasma homocysteine, a risk factor for premature vascular disease. Plasma levels in healthy persons; during pathologic conditions and drug therapy]. (1989)

Homocysteine is a branch-point metabolite, the biological fate of which is linked to vitamin B12, reduced folates and vitamin B6. Various inborn defects in homocysteine metabolism, among which cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency is most common, lead to the clinical condition homocystinuria. A central feature of this clinical state is premature arteriosclerosis. These patients benefit from agents serving as cofactors in homocysteine metabolism which both reduce the homocysteine levels in plasma and the incidence of vascular episodes. Experimental data point to homocysteine as an arteriosclerotic agent. Homocysteine in human plasma exists mainly as mixed disulfides with albumin (70 per cent) and cysteine. New methods determine total plasma homocysteine which includes all these species. Normal values for plasma homocysteine are lower in premenopausal women than in men and postmenopausal women. Impaired homocysteine metabolism seems to exist in 15-30 per cent of patients with premature cardiovascular disease. Moderate homocysteinemia is as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, independent of conventional risk factors. Apart from homocystinuria, vitamin B12 deficiency causes the most extreme elevations of plasma homocysteine, and it has been established that plasma homocysteine is a more responsive parameter to impaired vitamin B12 function than serum cobalamin. Massive increase in plasma homocysteine level is also observed in folate deficiency, whereas renal failure, some malignant states and psoriasis cause a moderate homocysteinemia. High doses of folic acid reduce plasma homocysteine, and this innocuous mean should be considered as an intervention in patients with increased plasma level. Drugs like methotrexate, some anticonvulsants and 6-azauridine triacetate induce moderate elevation of plasma homocysteine, whereas a reduction is observed after penicillamine administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Rat Liver and Kidney Related to Coix Intake (1999)

The effects of dietary Coix (Iacryma-jobi) water extract on the antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver and kidney of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Forty-five rats were fed for 3 weeks with either control diet or experimental diets that contain either Coix water extract or Coix water residue. Twenty percent of the carbohydrate was replaced with Coix water residue by dry weight in the water residue diet, while distilled water was replaced by Coix water extract to make a pellet-form diet in the Coix water extract diet. The levels of glutathione, glutathione-peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities in liver and kidney were measured. It has been found that glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase enzyme activities from liver and kidney of the rats were enhanced in the group fed with Coix water extract.
HENRY GARDINER AND THE BLACKFRIARS PRINT (1973)

HENRY GARDINER AND THE BLACKFRIARS PRINT Get access DAVID GEORGE DAVID GEORGE c/o The Folger Shakespeare Library, 201 East Capitol St., Washington D.C. 20003, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 20, Issue 8, August 1973, Pages 296-e–297, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/20-8-296e Published: 01 August 1973
β-Cryptoxanthin- and α-carotene-rich foods have greater apparent bioavailability than β-carotene-rich foods in Western diets (2010)

β-Carotene (BC), β-cryptoxanthin (CX) and α-carotene (AC) are common carotenoids that form retinol. The amount of retinol (vitamin A) formed from carotenoid-rich foods should depend chiefly on the bioavailability (absorption and circulation time in the body) of carotenoids from their major food sources and the selectivity and reactivity of carotene cleavage enzymes towards them. The objective of the present study was to estimate the apparent bioavailability of the major sources of provitamin A (AC, BC and CX) from the diet by comparing the concentrations of these carotenoids in blood to their dietary intakes. Dietary intakes were estimated by FFQ (three studies in this laboratory, n 86; apparent bioavailability calculated for six other studies, n 5738) or by food record (two studies in our laboratory, n 59; apparent bioavailability calculated for two other studies, n 54). Carotenoid concentrations were measured by reversed-phase HPLC. Apparent bioavailability was calculated as the ratio of concentration in the blood to carotenoid intake. Then apparent bioavailabilities for AC and CX were compared to BC. Eating comparable amounts of AC-, CX- and BC-rich foods resulted in 53 % greater AC (99 % CI 23, 83) and 725 % greater CX (99 % CI 535, 915) concentrations in the blood. This suggests that the apparent bioavailability of CX from typical diets is greater than that of BC. Thus, CX-rich foods might be better sources of vitamin A than expected.
Artificial intelligence in education : shaping the future of learning through intelligent technologies (2003)

This work reports on research into intelligent systems, models, and architectures for educational computing applications. It covers a wide range of advanced information and communication and computational methods applied to education and training.
Improving the performance of trace-based systems by false loop filtering (2012)

Trace-based compilation is a promising technique for language compilers and binary translators. It offers the potential to expand the compilation scopes that have traditionally been limited by method boundaries.
Detection and prevention of stack buffer overflow attacks (2005)

How to mitigate remote attacks that exploit buffer overflow vulnerabilities on the stack and enable attackers to take control of the program.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strains R5 and X4 Induce Different Pathogenic Effects in hu-PBL-SCID Mice, Depending on the State of Activation/Differentiation of Human Target Cells at the Time of Primary Infection (1999)

In a previous study, we had found that the extent of T-cell dysfunctions induced by a T-tropic strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hu-PBLs) (hu-PBL-SCID mice) was related to the in vivo state of activation of the human lymphocytes. In this article, we compared the effect of infection of hu-PBL-SCID mice with either T-tropic (X4) or M-tropic (R5) strains of HIV-1 by performing virus inoculation at either 2 h or 2 weeks after the hu-PBL transfer, when the human T cells exhibited a marked activation state or a predominant memory phenotype, respectively. A comparable level of infection was found when hu-PBL-SCID mice were challenged with either the SF162 R5 or the IIIB X4 strain of HIV at 2 h postreconstitution, while at 2 weeks, the R5 virus infection resulted in a higher level of HIV replication than the X4 virus. The R5 strain induced a marked human CD4(+) T-cell depletion along with a drop in levels of human immunoglobulin M in serum and release of soluble factors at both infection times, while the X4 virus induced severe immune dysfunctions only at 2 h. Of interest, injection of hu-PBLs into SCID mice resulted in a marked up-regulation of CCR5 on human CD4(+) T cells. The percentage of CXCR4(+) cells did not change after transplantation, even though a significant decrease in antigen expression was observed. Comparative experiments with two molecular clones of HIV-1 (X4 SF2 and R5 SF162) and two envelope recombinant viruses generated from these viruses showed that R5 viruses (SF162 and the chimeric env-SF162-SF2) caused an extensive depletion of human CD4(+) T cells in SCID mice at both 2 h and 2 weeks after reconstitution, while the X4 viruses (SF2 and the chimeric env-SF2-SF162) induced CD4 T-cell depletion only when infection was performed at the 2-h reconstitution time. These results emphasize the importance of the state of activation/differentiation of human CD4(+) T cells and gp120-coreceptor interactions at the time of primary infection in determining HIV-1 pathogenicity in the hu-PBL-SCID mouse model.
Mining Frequent Rooted Trees and Free Trees Using Canonical Forms (2003)

Tree structures are used extensively in domains such as computational biology, pattern recognition, XML databases, computer networks, and so on. In this paper, we present HybridTreeMiner, a computationally e#cient algorithm that discovers all frequently occurring subtrees in a database of rooted unordered trees. The algorithm mines frequent subtrees by traversing an enumeration tree that systematically enumerates all subtrees. The enumeration tree is defined based on a novel canonical form for rooted unordered trees-- the breadth-first canonical form (BFCF). By extending the definitions of our canonical form and enumeration tree to free trees, our algorithm can e#ciently handle databases of free trees as well. We study the performance of our algorithms through extensive experiments based on both synthetic data and datasets from real applications. The experiments show that our algorithm is competitive in comparison to known rooted tree mining algorithms and is faster by one to two orders of magnitudes compared to known algorithms for mining frequent free trees.
Modelling and fabrication of Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes (1998)

As a first assessment for the fabrication of Geiger mode avalanche photodiode arrays, single pixel devices have been made. A CMOS compatible technology is used to allow the future integration of pixels in an array with readout electronics. A model for afterpulsing is presented that relates the afterpulsing probability to the concentration and capture cross section of the traps in the depletion layer. The bias voltage and temperature dependence of the dark count rate is explained by a trap assisted tunneling model. Measured results on fabricated devices are compared with theory.
Thermally Stable, Dye‐Bridged Nanohybrid‐Based White Light‐Emitting Diodes (2011)

Thermally stable red and green light-emitting nanohybrids are introduced as an organic luminescent converter with broad color tunability and a high color rendering index for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Nanohybrid-based white LEDs are thermally stable and the color coordination is not changed by heat exposure.