gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SPECIFICATION OF TEMPORAL IDENTITY IN THE DEVELOPING NERVOUS SYSTEM (2004)

The nervous system of higher organisms exhibits extraordinary cellular diversity owing to complex spatial and temporal patterning mechanisms. The role of spatial patterning in generating neuronal diversity is well known; here we discuss how neural progenitors change over time to contribute to cell diversity within the central nervous system (CNS). We focus on five model systems: the vertebrate retina, cortex, hindbrain, spinal cord, and Drosophila neuroblasts. For each, we address the following questions: Do multipotent progenitors generate different neuronal cell types in an invariant order? Do changes in progenitor-intrinsic factors or progenitor-extrinsic signals regulate temporal identity (i.e., the sequence of neuronal cell types produced)? What is the mechanism that regulates temporal identity transitions; i.e., what triggers the switch from one temporal identity to the next? By applying the same criteria to analyze each model system, we try to highlight common themes, point out unique attributes of each system, and identify directions for future research.
The history of the development of buprenorphine as an addiction therapeutic (2012)

This paper traces the early 21st century success of the agonist-antagonist buprenorphine and the combination drug buprenorphine with naloxone within the broader quest to develop addiction therapeutics that began in the 1920s as the search for a nonaddictive analgesic. Drawing on archival research, document analysis, and interviews with contemporary actors, this paper situates the social organization of laboratory-based and clinical research within the domestic and international confluence of several issues, including research ethics, drug regulation, public attitudes, tensions around definitions of drug addiction, and the evolving roles of the pharmaceutical industry. The fervor that drove the champions of buprenorphine must be understood in relation to (1) the material work of research and pharmaceutical manufacturing; (2) the symbolic role of buprenorphine as a solution to numerous problems with addiction treatment evident by the mid-1970s; the destigmatization and individualization of addicts as patients; and (3) the complex configurations of public and private partnerships.
dC-dG Alternating Oligonucleotides: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of the B-Z Transformation (1987)

The alternating cytosine-guanine oligodeoxyribonucleotides (dCdG)n, (dGdC)n, (dCdG)ndC (n = 3,4), (dGdC)7 and dG(dCdG)3 have been studied by UV and CD spectroscopy at different temperatures and NaCl concentrations. The analysis of the melting data, assuming an all-or-none model, reveals that in the B-conformation the 5'G/C3' stacking interactions are enthalpically favoured with respect to the 5'C/G3' one. The CD investigation of the B-Z equilibrium shows that the Z-conformation is enthalpically stabilized, while the B-conformation is entropically favoured, in the range of NaCl concentration considered (1 to 5 M). The kinetic data for the B-Z transformation, obtained with a salt-jump technique for the hexamer (dCdG)3, support a mechanism by which the Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds are broken before the bases flip over separately and eventually stack, reforming the H-bonds, in the new helix.
Generation of ultrasound by repetitively Q-switching a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1988)

Repetitively Q-switching a Nd:YAG laser during a single flashlamp pulse has been used successfully to generate a train of acoustic pulses with a repetition rate as high as 53 kHz. The spectral content of this multiple-pulse ultrasonic signal is significantly narrower in bandwidth than that of a single pulse. A corresponding reduction in the detection system bandwidth results in a marked improvement in detection sensitivity.
Aminoethylprolyl Peptide Nucleic Acids (aepPNA):  Chiral PNA Analogues That Form Highly Stable DNA:aepPNA<sub>2</sub> Triplexes (1999)

[formula: see text] The replacement of the glycyl component in the peptide nucleic acid (PNA) backbone by a prolyl unit bearing a nucleobase leads to the aminoethylprolyl (aep) PNAs, which are chiral and cationic. The homooligomeric aepPNA binds to complementary DNA sequences with high affinity and sequence specificity, forming highly stable triplexes.
Electrical Resistivity, Pulse Velocity, and Compressive Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Cement Mortar (2008)

The electrical resistivity and mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced cement mortar (CFRCM) were investigated. Both cylindrical and prism specimens were used in this investigation to determine the effects of size and shape of specimen on the physical and mechanical properties of the CFRCM systems. Carbon fiber loading was varied up to 6% (w/w), and water-to-cement ratios (w/c) of 0.5 and 1 were used. The specific electrical resistivity of the plain mortar with w/c ratio of 1 (>66,000Ohmm) was reduced to 3,750 and 0.23Ohmm upon increasing the carbon fiber content to 1 and 6% (w/w), respectively. The percolation theory was used to represent the variation of the electrical specific resistivity with fiber content in the cement mortar. Increasing the w/c ratio decreased the strength and toughness of the CFRCM composites. Increasing the fiber content increased the peak strain and toughness, but decreased the Young’s modulus and electrical resistivity of cement mortar composites. Pulse velocity tests showed that the specimen shape also affected the dynamic Young’s modulus, dynamic shear modulus, and the dynamic Poisson’s ratio. The compression strength of the CFRCM was influenced by the w/c ratio and the fiber content. A model was used to predict the compressive stress-strain behavior of different CFRCM systems, and relations between static and dynamic properties have been developed. Empirical relations were developed to relate the specific electrical resistivity to unit weight, Young’s modulus, and pulse velocity.
Dynamic rotation of the protruding domain enhances the infectivity of norovirus (2020)

Norovirus is the major cause of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Lack of structural information on infection and replication mechanisms hampers the development of effective vaccines and remedies. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, we show that the capsid structure of murine noroviruses changes in response to aqueous conditions. By twisting the flexible hinge connecting two domains, the protruding (P) domain reversibly rises off the shell (S) domain in solutions of higher pH, but rests on the S domain in solutions of lower pH. Metal ions help to stabilize the resting conformation in this process. Furthermore, in the resting conformation, the cellular receptor CD300lf is readily accessible, and thus infection efficiency is significantly enhanced. Two similar P domain conformations were also found simultaneously in the human norovirus GII.3 capsid, although the mechanism of the conformational change is not yet clear. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of non-enveloped norovirus transmission that invades host cells, replicates, and sometimes escapes the hosts immune system, through dramatic environmental changes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Amplification of HER2 and TOP2A and deletion of TOP2A genes in breast cancer investigated by new FISH probes (2004)

New strategies for improving treatment of patients with breast carcinoma have focused on the HER2 oncoprotein with regard to response to traditional therapy regimes and the effect of a new drug specifically directed against the protein. Furthermore, the status of the topoisomerase IIalpha (TOP2A) gene has been suggested as a predictive marker of anthracycline treatment. In this study of 120 tumours, immunohistochemically detected HER2 overexpression with HercepTest has been compared to the HER2 gene amplification investigated with a new HER2 probe for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In addition, the HercepTest was evaluated as a screening tool for choosing cases for FISH investigation of TOP2A gene aberrations. The HercepTest score 3+ identified HER2 gene amplification in 27 of 30 amplified tumours (sensitivity of 0.90) with a false-negative rate of 0.10 and a false-positive rate of 0.06. TOP2A gene amplification or deletion was found in 20 cases. Sixteen (80%) of these carcinomas were in the HercepTest 3+ group, but four tumours had alterations in the TOP2A gene with normal HER2 status. Traditionally, in the FISH technique the result has been based on counting 60 cells. However, we found that a much less time-consuming method of counting 60 signals gave equally good results.
Robust Ego-motion Estimation and Map Matching Technique for Autonomous Vehicle Localization with High Definition Digital Map (2018)

One of the essential technologies required for environmental recognition of an autonomous vehicle is a localization technique that recognizes the position and orientation of the vehicle. In contrast to previous localization techniques that generate map data from sensor data itself, there is an increasing number of studies using high definition (HD) digital maps. The map-based localization technology consists of predicting the position of the next step through the ego-motion of the vehicle and determining the position through map matching. In this paper, we propose a robust ego-motion estimation and map matching technology for robust vehicle localization. First, we propose a visual odometry (VO) model for robust ego-motion estimation and a vehicle planar motion model based on in-vehicle sensors to improve the robustness of VO in the absence of image features. We also introduce a new line segmentation matching model and a geometric correction method of extracted road marking from an inverse perspective mapping (IPM) for robust map matching techniques. The technology proposed in this paper has been verified in various ways through real autonomous vehicles and successfully acquired the autonomous driving license of the Republic of Korea.
The application of the ANNNI model to polytypic behaviour (1984)

We show that many of the important features of polytypism are reproduced by a simple spin model, the axial next-nearest-neighbour Ising (ANNNI) model. The phase diagram of the ANNNI model contains sequences of long-wavelength-modulated phases. These correspond to the long stacking sequences developed in polytypic series, and are stabilized by a subtle balance between energy and entropy which results from short-range competing interactions. We discuss the extent to which this mechanism can describe polytypism in the spinelloids, pyroxenes, silicon carbide and other mineral phases.
PLASTICS REFERENCE: PRIMER (1978)

A survey is given of the current plastic materials that are used in manufacture of automobiles. The particular emphasis is placed upon the newly developed plastics and their advantages over the metals in processing and economics.
Comparison of Survivor Curves of Bacillus subtilis Spores Subjected to Wet and Dry Heat (1969)

SUMMARY: Survivor curves for spores of Bacillus subtilis were determined in wet and dry heat over a wide range of temperatures. Wet heat tests were determined using a thermoresistometer and thermal death time cans. Dry heat tests were conducted in a closed system using thermal death time cans. There were major differences in the shape of the wet vs. dry heat survivor curves. Wet heat resulted in convex curves at low temperatures, but a straight line at higher temperature. Dry heat resulted in concave curves at all temperatures. These results suggest that physiological differences exist between wet and dry heat destruction of bacteria. Several possible explanations for the difference in the shape of the survivor curves were discussed.
Trigger grouping: a scalable approach to large scale information monitoring (2003)

Information change monitoring services are becoming increasingly useful as more and more information is published on the Web. A major research challenge is how to make the service scalable to serve millions of monitoring requests. Such services usually use soft triggers to model users' monitoring requests. We have developed an effective trigger grouping scheme to optimize the trigger processing. The main idea behind this scheme is to reduce repeated computation by grouping monitoring requests of similar structures together. In this paper, we evaluate our approach using both measurements on real systems and simulations. The study shows significant performance gains using the trigger grouping approach. Moreover, the gains are critically dependent on group size and group size distribution (e.g., Zipf). We also discuss the benefit, trade-off, and runtime characteristics of the proposed approach.
Slope stability study in open pit and underground mines by means of forensic analysis and radar interferometry (2013)

This paper demonstrates the capabilities of satellite radar technology to generate complete ground deformation maps of an open pit mine, to follow and detect movement intensities ranging from millimetric to metric scales. Several vulnerable parts of the mine have been studied and monitoring of these very small to very large instabilities has provided valuable information for risk and exploitation management at the mine. A forensic analysis has been also performed and validated with these interferometric radar measurements. Images from the X-band high resolution images of TerraSAR-X satellite have been acquired between 2008 and 2012 to monitor ground displacement evolution. Two types of ground markers, natural reflectors providing backscattering of the terrain and trihedral artificial reflectors installed on certain areas of the mine have been used. Measurement quality depends on the temporal changes, and several radar Interferometric techniques, including persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) and Altamira Information developments (stable point network and non-coherent technique) have been used to detect displacement intensities. Phenomena caused by mine activities have been detected, showing a perfect temporal correlation with the mine evolution. The project has also been very useful for the control and analysis of a strong slope instability affecting the open pit, where displacements have been more than 10 m in some months.
The Event Related Cortical Potential as an Index of Task Workload (1977)

This paper describes an investigation which assessed the feasibility of the event related brain potential (ERP) to provide an index of operator workload in adaptive man-machine systems. The characteristics and requirements of such systems are described and some limitations of secondary task workload measures enumerated. The results of an experiment are then presented in which ERPs were recorded from 10 subjects, while the difficulty of a concurrent tracking task was varied. Subjects performed either a one or a two dimensional compensatory tracking task, while ERP's were elicited by presenting discrete auditory stimuli. The amplitude of the P300 complex, a component of the ERP, elicited by the stimuli, decreased from the control condition (no tracking) to the tracking conditions. An ERP based measure of sequential processing of the stimuli was further affected as tracking difficulty was increased from 1 to 2 dimensions. An algorithm for obtaining an on-line ERP based measure of workload is then described.
Wedge and strip image readout systems for photon-counting detectors in space astronomy (1986)

We discuss the application of wedge and strip anodes to photon-counting microchannel plate detector systems for the extreme and far ultraviolet. Performance data, obtained as a result of calibration of the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) [ Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng.279, 176 ( 1981)] satellite detectors (open face) and the FAUST–Spacelab [ Space Sci. Instrum.5, 21 ( 1979)] far-ultraviolet sensors (sealed tube), are presented. We have achieved CsI quantum detection efficiencies of ~80% at 114 Å and ~40% at 600 and 1300 Å that we believe to be the highest ever obtained. Position sensitivity of <10 μm is demonstrated, and the position resolution, image linearity, background rate, and flat-field characteristics are discussed.
New Preparation Method and Catalytic Activity of Solid Superacid SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2 in Esterification to Form Dibutyl Phthalate (2005)

New preparation method of SO_4~2-/TiO_2 solid superacid is investigated by calcination of titanium white powder together with vitriol oil.The influences of the superacid synthesis conditions on the catalytic esterification of phthalic anhydride with 1-butanol to form dibutyl phthalate are examined in detail.Experimen shows that the yield of dibutyl phthalate can reach more than 99% when the esterification is carried out at 160 ℃ for 4 h.Abstract:New preparation method of SO42-/TiO2solid superacid is investigated by calcination of titanium white powder together with vitriol oil.The influences of the superacid synthesis cond itions on the catalytic esterification of phthalic anhydride with 1-butanol to form d ibutyl phthalate are exam ined in detail.Experimen shows that the yield of d ibutyl phthalate can reach more than 99% when the esterification is carried out at 160℃for 4 h.
Dynamic Failure Recovery of Generated Workflows (2006)

An important research area in the workflow management domain is the adaptation of workflows to unexpected events or failures at runtime. In this paper we present a concept for dynamic and automated workflow re-planning that allows to recover from such failures. To handle the complex dynamic situation of a partially executed workflow, we propose a multi-step procedure that includes the termination of failed activities, the sound suspension of the workflow, the generation of a new process definition, and the adequate process resumption. An important aspect of the presented re-planning procedure is that all steps including the generation of a new process definition are fully automated.
Influence of dietary fiber on microbial growth in vitro and bacterial translocation after burn injury in mice. (1994)

Translocation of enteric bacteria from the gut to the mesenteric lymph nodes and beyond can cause life-threatening infection and multiple-organ failure in immunocompromised and traumatized patients. One of the conditions that promotes bacterial translocation is disruption of the normal gut flora, which results in bacterial overgrowth. In vitro methods were used to determine whether the fibers pectin, cellulose, chitosan, kaolin, lignin, or soy had bactericidal properties. Our results indicated that only chitosan and lignin significantly reduce microbial growth in vitro. A burned mouse model (20% total-body surface area) was used to study the effects of dietary lignin, cellulose, pectin, and chitosan on burn-induced bacterial translocation. Animals were fed a standard mouse diet containing no fiber, pectin, cellulose, lignin, or chitosan (10% of diet) for 14 days ad libitum. On day 14, all animals were burned. Four hours later the animals were killed and the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and cecum were aseptically harvested for determination of quantitative aerobic microbial growth. The animals which received chitosan, and lignin to a lesser extent, added to their diet had significantly lower levels of bacteria in the cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and liver. We suggest that addition of chitosan and possibly lignin to the diet may reduce the amount of bacterial translocation after burn injury, presumably by reducing the bacterial population of the cecum.
The DNA polymerase gene from the hyperthermophilic marine archaebacterium,<i>pyrococcus furiosus</i>, shows sequence homology with α-like DNA polymerases (1991)

Journal Article The DNA polymerase gene from the hyperthermophilic marine archaebacterium, pyrococcus furiosus, shows sequence homology with α-like DNA polymerases Get access Eric J. Mathur, Eric J. Mathur Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael W.W. Adams, Michael W.W. Adams 1Department of Biochemistry, Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA 30602, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter N. Callen, Walter N. Callen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Janice M. Cline Janice M. Cline Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 24, 25 December 1991, Page 6952, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.24.6952 Published: 25 December 1991 Article history Received: 07 November 1991 Published: 25 December 1991
Automatic retinal vessel segmentation based on active contours method in Doppler spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (2013)

We achieved fast and automatic retinal vessel segmentation by employing the active contours method in Doppler spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In a typical OCT B-scan image, we first extracted the phase variations between adjacent A-lines and removed bulk motion. Then we set the initial contour as the boundary of the whole image and iterated until all of the segmented vessel contours became stabilized. Using a typical office computer, the whole segmentation took no more than 50 s, making real-time retinal vessel segmentation possible. We tested the active contours method segmentation in both controlled phantom and in vivo rodent eye images.
A modified-superposition speech synthesizer and its applications (2005)

In speech synthesis, a digital filter is used to generate samples of the acoustic speech waveform. Because of the time-varying nature of speech, filter parameters are updated at frame boundaries. This results in a transient perturbation of synthesized speech whenever parameter values exhibit a large frame-to-frame variation. From the computational point of view, such perturbations are caused by a mismatch which is introduced between the updated filter parameters on the one hand, and the energy contained in the autoregressive part of filtermemory on the other. We propose to use a modified-superposition synthesis strategy, which allows the contribution of this energy as it dies away in the present frame to be computed from the non-updated parameterset. In this way, essentially transient-free speech is obtained. Applications include a robust cascade-type synthesizer for formant vocoding which is immune to formant labeling errors.
Principal Component Analysis over encrypted data using homomorphic encryption (2015)

We describe an algorithm to perform Principal Component Analysis (PCA) over encrypted data using homomorphic encryption. PCA is a fundamental tool for exploratory data analysis and dimensionality reduction, and thus a useful application for privacy-preserving computation in the cloud.
cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. (1981)

Seventeen consecutive patients with untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP) by infusion at a dose of 3 mg/kg with mannitol diuresis. One patient had a partial response and six additional patients had subjective improvement in dysphagia and associated weight gain; however, no complete responses were noted. Toxic effects were mainly renal. There were no drug-related deaths. We conclude that DDP alone is not effective in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
Numerical studies of left-handed materials and arrays of split ring resonators (2002)

We present numerical results on the transmission properties of the left-handed materials (LHMs) and split-ring resonators (SRRs). The simulation results are in qualitative agreement with experiments. The dependence of the transmission through LHMs on the real and imaginary part of the electric permittivity of the metal, the length of the system, and the size of the unit cell are presented. We also study the dependence of the resonance frequency of the array of SRRs on the ring thickness, inner diameter, radial and azimuthal gap, as well as on the electrical permittivity of the board and the embedding medium, where the SRR resides. Qualitatively good agreement with previously published analytical results is obtained.