gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meta-classification of Multimedia Classifiers (2018)

Combining multiple classifiers is of particular interest in the multimedia systems, since there is usually data of very different types/modalities that should be mined or analyzed. Our wearable ‘experience collection’ system unobtrusively records the wearer’s conversation, recognizes the face of the dialog partner and remembers his/her voice. When the system sees the same person’s face or hears the same voice it can then use a summary of the last conversation with this person to remind the wearer. To correctly identify a person from a mixture of video and audio stream, classification judgments from individual modality classifiers must be combined effectively to yield a more accurate decision. A meta-classification strategy of combining multimodal classifiers using Support Vector Machine is proposed. Preliminary, empirical results show that combining different face recognition and speaker identification technology by meta-classification is dramatically more effective than weighted interpolation. Meta-classification is general enough to be applied to any application that needs to combine multiple classifiers without much modification.
Multishape Memory Effect of Norbornene-Based Copolymers with Cholic Acid Pendant Groups (2012)

Multishape memory copolymers were prepared through copolymerization of two norbornene derivatives: one based on cholic acid and the other on triethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymers can be tuned over a temperature range from −58 to 176 °C. Most of these copolymers displayed a very broad Tg over a 20 °C range which can allow a multishape memory effect. The shape memory properties of the copolymer incorporating an equal molar amount of both monomers have been studied in detail. The multishape memory effect was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis using a thermomechanical programming process, in which multiple steps created two, three, and four temporary shapes. The polymer displayed good shape fixing and recovery in different thermal processing stages over the broad glass transition range. This series of copolymers with broad and tunable Tg’s may be useful as functional materials with multishape memory effect.
Heteroleptic transition metal complexes of Schiff‐base‐derived ligands exert their antifungal activity by disrupting membrane integrity (2019)

Development of new treatment strategies and chemotherapeutic agents is urgently needed to combat the growing multidrug resistant species of Candida . In this direction, a new series of Cu (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) heteroleptic complexes were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antifungal activity. Based on spectral characterization and physical measurements, an octahedral geometry was assigned to [Co(L1)(L2)ClH 2 O] ( C2 ), [Ni(L1)(L2)ClH 2 O] ( C3 ), [Zn(L1)(L2)ClH 2 O] ( C4 ) complexes, while a distorted octahedral geometry was assigned to [Cu(L1)(L2)ClH 2 O] ( C1 ) complex. All the synthesized compounds were tested for antifungal activity against 11 Candida albicans isolates, including fluconazole (FLC)‐resistant isolates, by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC), following CLSI guidelines. The mechanism of their antifungal activity was assessed by studying their effect on the plasma membrane using flow cytometry and quantifying the ergosterol contents. All the test compounds showed varying levels of antifungal activity. Both the ligands showed moderate antifungal activity with a median MIC value of 100 μg/mL with no fungicidal activity. Compound C3 was the most potent compound with median MIC and MFC values of 0.10 and 1.60 μg/mL, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that these compounds at MFC values disrupt the cell membrane, resulting in propidium iodide entering the cells. These compounds also reduced a considerable amount of ergosterol content after treating the cells with MIC and sub‐MIC values. This study indicates that these compounds have high antifungal activity against C. albicans , and have the potential to be developed as novel antifungal drugs.
Caspase recruitment domain 9, microbiota, and tryptophan metabolism (2017)

The microbiota from CARD9 mice fails to metabolize tryptophan leading to defective AhR activation which contributes to the susceptibility of mice to colitis by decreased interleukin 22 production. These effects were abrogated in the presence of AhR agonist. Reduced production of AhR ligands is also observed in the microbiota from individuals with IBD, particularly in those with CARD9 risk alleles associated with IBD. Correcting impaired microbiota functions, such as ability to produce AhR ligands, is an attractive strategy in IBD.
ChemInform Abstract: AGENTS ACTING ON THE CNS: PART XXXV. SYNTHESIS OF IMIDAZO(1,5‐A)PYRAZINES AND D PYRAZINO(1,2‐A)PYRAZINES (1979)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Piperazin (I) werden gemäß dem angegebenen Schema die Imidazopyrazine (III)‐(VIII) sowie die Pyrazinopyrazine (IX)‐(XI) sowie (XIII) und (XIV) synthetisiert (Ausb.‐Angabe in g, NMR‐Daten).
Editorial: Secretion of Cytokines and Chemokines by Innate Immune Cells (2015)

EDITORIAL article Front. Immunol., 22 April 2015Sec. Molecular Innate Immunity Volume 6 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00190
Variable electronic allpass delay networks (1968)

The m.o.s.t. analogue switch has provided the opportunity for a fresh study of allpass delay networks using the sample-and-store principle. This letter describes networks designed to produce a delay which can be controlled precisely by an externally applied sampling signal. They are suitable for realisation as integrated circuits, one example comprising a 1 in-square thin-film circuit with one m.o.s.t. integrated circuit and one bipolar circuit attached. This type of circuit is seen as the replacement for the bulky and expensive fixed-delay networks used at present for the transversal filter, the basic element of automatic and adaptive equalising systems for high-speed data transmission, with the added versatility of variable delay.
Active vision in robotic systems: A survey of recent developments (2011)

In this paper we provide a broad survey of developments in active vision in robotic applications over the last 15 years. With increasing demand for robotic automation, research in this area has received much attention. Among the many factors that can be attributed to a high-performance robotic system, the planned sensing or acquisition of perceptions on the operating environment is a crucial component. The aim of sensor planning is to determine the pose and settings of vision sensors for undertaking a vision-based task that usually requires obtaining multiple views of the object to be manipulated. Planning for robot vision is a complex problem for an active system due to its sensing uncertainty and environmental uncertainty. This paper describes such problems arising from many applications, e.g. object recognition and modeling, site reconstruction and inspection, surveillance, tracking and search, as well as robotic manipulation and assembly, localization and mapping, navigation and exploration. A bundle of solutions and methods have been proposed to solve these problems in the past. They are summarized in this review while enabling readers to easily refer solution methods for practical applications. Representative contributions, their evaluations, analyses, and future research trends are also addressed in an abstract level.
Compensation of Pole Position Estimation Error for Sensor-less IPMSM Drives with DC Link Current Detection (2007)

The authors have proposed a method to estimate the pole position for sensor-less IPMSM drives with only DC link current measurement and use a triangular comparison PWM technique. Using the proposed method, the current control has not to be interrupted and the band-pass filter is not necessary. The proposed method needs the current detection at apexes of triangular carrier waves, precisely. So the effect of the detection timing delay and the effect of the dead time are investigated. A method to compensate the pole position estimation error is also proposed.
Role of murein lipoprotein in morphogenesis of the bacterial division septum: phenotypic similarity of lkyD and lpo mutants (1978)

Phenotypes were compared in two different classes of mutants with defects in murein-lipoprotein (lkyD mutants of Salmonella typhimurium and an lpo mutant of Escherichia coli). Both mutations are associated with the same triad of phenotypic abnormalities, consisting of defective formation of the division septum, leakage of periplasmic proteins during growth, and increased sensitivity to several unrelated external toxic agents. The abnormality in septum formation consists of a defect in invagination of the outer membrane during formation of the nascent septum. The results suggest that formation of the murein-lipoprotein link plays an important role in differentiation of the division septum and perhaps also in maintaining the normal barrier function of the outer membrane.
The Environmental Sensor AHR Protects from Inflammatory Damage by Maintaining Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis and Barrier Integrity (2018)

The epithelium and immune compartment in the intestine are constantly exposed to a fluctuating external environment. Defective communication between these compartments at this barrier surface underlies susceptibility to infections and chronic inflammation. Environmental factors play a significant, but mechanistically poorly understood, role in intestinal homeostasis. We found that regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) upon injury through infection or chemical insults was profoundly influenced by the environmental sensor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). IEC-specific deletion of Ahr resulted in failure to control C. rodentium infection due to unrestricted intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and impaired differentiation, culminating in malignant transformation. AHR activation by dietary ligands restored barrier homeostasis, protected the stem cell niche, and prevented tumorigenesis via transcriptional regulation of of Rnf43 and Znrf3, E3 ubiquitin ligases that inhibit Wnt-β-catenin signaling and restrict ISC proliferation. Thus, activation of the AHR pathway in IECs guards the stem cell niche to maintain intestinal barrier integrity.
Droplets as Microreactors for High‐Throughput Biology (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct optical processing of M-ary code-shift-keyed spectral-phase-encoded OCDMA (2007)

Feature Issue on Optical Code Division Multiple AccessOptical signal processing using composite spectral-phase masks permits direct detection of each bit of an M-ary code word. The demonstrated M-ary receiver requires only log2(M) rather than M parallel stages and eliminates the usual electronic postprocessing. In addition, a range of logical operations on the underlying data bits is possible, and an exclusive-OR (XOR) operation is demonstrated using optical phase coders based on integrated microring resonators.
Nonhuman Primate Optogenetics: Recent Advances and Future Directions (2017)

Optogenetics is the use of genetically coded, light-gated ion channels or pumps (opsins) for millisecond resolution control of neural activity. By targeting opsin expression to specific cell types and neuronal pathways, optogenetics can expand our understanding of the neural basis of normal and pathological behavior. To maximize the potential of optogenetics to study human cognition and behavior, optogenetics should be applied to the study of nonhuman primates (NHPs). The homology between NHPs and humans makes these animals the best experimental model for understanding human brain function and dysfunction. Moreover, for genetic tools to have translational promise, their use must be demonstrated effectively in large, wild-type animals such as Rhesus macaques. Here, we review recent advances in primate optogenetics. We highlight the technical hurdles that have been cleared, challenges that remain, and summarize how optogenetic experiments are expanding our understanding of primate brain function.
Meta-Learner with Linear Nulling (2018)

We propose a meta-learning algorithm utilizing a linear transformer that carries out null-space projection of neural network outputs. The main idea is to construct an alternative classification space such that the error signals during few-shot learning are quickly zero-forced on that space so that reliable classification on low data is possible. The final decision on a query is obtained utilizing a null-space-projected distance measure between the network output and reference vectors, both of which have been trained in the initial learning phase. Among the known methods with a given model size, our meta-learner achieves the best or near-best image classification accuracies with Omniglot and miniImageNet datasets.
A realization of compliant motion by a decentralized control in redundant manipulator (2002)

Presents a realization of compliant motion by decentralized control in a redundant manipulator. The manipulator is divided into several subsystem, and each subsystem has virtual impedance in a partial workspace. Each system performs autonomously by using virtual impedance and the information transmitted from the tip side subsystem. The control system becomes independent from the degree of freedom (DOF) of the total system. Furthermore to realize the adaptation against the environment, the compliant motion of the subsystem is introduced. When external force is applied to the subsystem, the reaction torques are estimated by reaction torque estimation observers. The external force is calculated by using the estimated reaction torques. Using the estimated external force, compliant motion of the subsystem is realized by the force control against the environment. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by the numerical results and experimental result by using a planar redundant manipulator.
A 30-frames/s megapixel real-time CMOS image processor (2000)

A real-time 1024/spl times/1024 image processor for digital motion camera systems is described. The application-specific IC (ASIC) corrects dark current and white imbalance pixelwise, and performs a color interpolation over nine lines of images from a miniaturized camera head housing a single charge-coupled device (CCD). A color space transformation is implemented to achieve true-color motion images with frame rates up to 30 frames/s. Additional features include a focus and illumination criteria calculation and a megapixel-to-PAL scan conversion. The chip area is 49 mm/sup 2/, and it was fabricated in a single-poly three-layer-metal 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The device is packaged in a 208-pin ceramic quad flat package (CQFP), and dissipates 278 mW at 2.5 V.
Diplopods as Carnivores (1969)

Compilation of scattered literature records, together with unpublished observations by the authors, provides an impression that carnivory is not uncommon among various species of Diplopoda. Most of the species known to consume food of animal origin are obviously omnivores, but members of at least one order, the Callipodida, appear to be preferentially carnivorous. On the basis of existing information, omnivory seems to be most common among members of the least specialized taxonomic groups.
Expression of a Gαs/Gαi Chimera That Constitutively Activates Cyclic AMP Synthesis (1989)

A chimeric G alpha subunit cDNA, referred to as G alpha s/i(38), was constructed containing the complete 5'-untranslated region of G alpha s, the first 356 codons of the rat G alpha s and the last 36 codons and 428 base pairs of the 3'-untranslated region of the rat G alpha i cDNA. Transient expression of the G alpha s/i(38) protein in COS cells allowed detection of a chimeric protein which was recognized by antibodies generated against an internal G alpha s sequence as well as antibodies recognizing the carboxyl terminus of G alpha i2. Chinese hamster ovary cell clones stably expressing the chimeric G-protein alpha subunit transcript (G alpha s/i(38] demonstrated 1.5-2.5-fold constitutively elevated cyclic AMP levels and a 3-4-fold increase in the activity ratio of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, although expression of the chimeric polypeptide could not be demonstrated presumably because of low expression of the mutant alpha s. Expression of the rat G alpha s transcript yielded clones that were similar to wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells in regard to cyclic AMP levels and protein kinase activity. In the presence of methyl isobutylxanthine, a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, cyclic AMP levels in clones expressing the G alpha s/i(38) transcript were 10-15-fold higher than G alpha s expressing clones. Adenylyl cyclase activation by guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) in membranes from clones expressing the G alpha s/i(38) transcript demonstrated a diminished lag time for maximal activation, indicating an increased relative GDP dissociation rate for the chimeric G alpha subunit and an increase in total adenylyl cyclase activity relative to wild-type G alpha s expressing clones. Cholate extracts from membranes of G alpha s/i(38) expressing clones, when mixed with cyc- S49 membranes, reconstituted an increased GTP gamma S-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity and a diminished lag time for maximal activation compared to cholate extracts prepared from G alpha s-expressing clones. The G alpha s/i(38) construct confers a dominant constitutive activation of adenylyl cyclase when expressed in cells in the presence of a background of wild-type G alpha s.
Reducing Calorie Intake May Not Help You Lose Body Weight (2017)

As the widespread availability of highly calorific food has resulted in a high incidence of obesity, attempts to decrease body weight have concentrated on trying to reduce energy intake. It is suggested that this is not the best approach. Although consuming more calories than expended is part of the initial problem, it does not follow that reducing intake, unless consciously counting calories, is the best solution. Mechanisms smooth out the large day-to-day differences in energy consumption, decreasing the importance of the size of a meal. In the short term a reduction in energy intake is counteracted by mechanisms that reduce metabolic rate and increase calorie intake, ensuring the regaining of lost weight. For example, even a year after dieting, hormonal mechanisms that stimulate appetite are raised. Over a million calories are consumed a year yet weight changes to only a small extent; there must be mechanisms that balance energy intake and expenditure. As obesity reflects only a small malfunctioning of these mechanisms, there is a need to understand the control of energy balance and how to prevent the regaining of weight after it has been lost. By itself, decreasing calorie intake will have a limited short-term influence.
Emergent Service Delivery Technologies (2010)

An increasing number of industries are choosing to provide self-service technology delivery options fo r their customers. There are at least three self-service ap plication areas that have benefitted from a collabo rative effort in technology advancement: online (e-commerce), kiosk (k-commerce), and vending (v-commerce). Efficient e companies provide a platform that allows customers to research products, order goods and services, pro cess payments, and/or access online customer support. The success of web-based self-service depends upon the quality and quantity of information available and the ease with which it ca n be located. The kiosk has become a retailing opti on that has proven to be an effective unattended point of sale. A recent report noted that the number of installed kiosks has quadrupled in the past several years with no end in the short term. While the vending industry has bee n stagnant in recent years, newer machines have replaced traditio nal glass-front panels with interactive digital dis plays capable of enhancing the customer interface. As the convergenc e of these three self-service technologies continue to progress, an innovative service delivery model is evolving. Tech nology is an investment that, if made wisely, can p roduce a significant competitive advantage in the marketplac e.
A general, versatile synthesis of 2H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolines via tosylmethylisocyanide reaction (2004)

A new synthetic procedure for obtaining 2H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolines is reported. The synthetic pathway utilizes TosMIC reaction to prepare appropriate nitroarylpyrrylcarboxylic esters, which on treatment with Fe-AcOH undergo reduction of nitro group with concomitant intramolecular cyclization to give title derivatives. The procedure proved general and more profitable than those previously reported in the literature. The synthesis of still unknown parent compound 4 via TosMIC is described. 2H-Pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolines substituted at 1 and 3 positions have been obtained by making use of methyl-TosMIC.
Family History of Seizures in Posttraumatic and Alcohol‐Associated Seizure Disorders (1994)

The potential role of genetic factors in the etiology of posttraumatic and alcohol-associated seizures was studied in 289 male patients with recurrent seizures and in 174 individuals who had never experienced a seizure. The incidence of seizures in first-degree relatives of probands was compared with that in relatives of unaffected individuals. Relatives of patients with alcohol-associated seizures had a rate ratio of 2.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41-4.25], whereas no excess incidence was noted among relatives of posttraumatic epilepsy patients (rate ratio 1.20, 0.64-2.25 CI). Relatives of probands with both antecedents showed an intermediate rate ratio of 1.72 (0.92-3.20 CI). Among probands with alcohol-associated seizures, the rate ratio of 2.05 for patients with alcohol-related seizures (i.e., spontaneously occurring seizures in association with chronic alcohol abuse) was slightly higher than that of 1.85 for probands with alcohol withdrawal seizures. Trauma severity had a slight impact on the incidence of affected relatives; patients with severe head injuries had a rate ratio of 0.73 and probands with milder trauma had a rate ratio of 0.99. The results indicate a limited, if any, role of genetic predisposition in development of posttraumatic seizures. Alcohol-related seizures, however, showed familial aggregation of unprovoked seizures, suggesting an involvement of genetic factors in the origin of such seizures.
The role of spin-dependent impurity scattering in Fe/Cr giant magnetoresistance multilayers (1991)

To probe the mechanism of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) observed in Fe/Cr multilayers, we have sputter deposited at the interfaces of Fe(15 Å)/Cr(12 Å) multilayers an additional, ultrathin (0–4 Å) layer of a variety of third elements (V, Mn, Ge, Ir, and Al). When alloyed with Fe in dilute concentrations, the elements chosen have known resistivities for spin-up (ρ↑) and spin-down (ρ↓) currents arising from spin-dependent impurity scattering. The results show a clear correlation between α=ρ↓/ρ↑ of the respective element and the way in which GMR varies with the ultrathin layer thickness. In addition, little difference in GMR is observed between multilayers where the ultrathin layer thickness t/2 is deposited on every Fe/Cr interface and those with a thickness t deposited on alternate interfaces. This investigation demonstrates the importance of the type and total number of scattering centers per multilayer period to the GMR effect.