gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self‐renewal and commitment to differentiation of human leukemic promyelocytic cells (HL‐60) (1982)

More than 80% of cells from a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL-60) possess the capacity for self-renewal as evidenced by their ability to form large primary colonies in semisolid medium and the presence within these colonies of cells capable of subsequent colony formation. Colony development is independent of the normal regulator--the myeloid colony stimulating factor. The observed autostimulation suggests the production of specific growth promoters by the cells. Differentiation either to mature granulocytes or macrophages, induced by various agents, was associated with reduced cloning potential. Nevertheless, colonies containing differentiated cells could be developed either by cloning cells in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of inducer or by adding inducers over colonies developed in its absence. Upon differentiation, there was a morphological change from compact to diffused colony morphology due to cell mobility in the semisolid medium. Even at suboptimal concentrations of inducer more than 95% of the colonies became diffused, indicating clonal homogeneity of the population with respect to differentiation capacity. The loss of self-renewal was found to be one of the early properties which changed following the initiation of differentiation. The loss preceded not only the overt expression of maturation-specific functions but also cellular commitment to terminal differentiation; shorter contact with the inducer was required to cause loss of self-renewal than to induce an irreversible transition to differentiation. This resulted in cells that lost their self-renewal potential without being able to complete their program of differentiation.
Piezoelectric and Elastic Properties of Lithium Niobate Single Crystals (1967)

Piezoelectric and elastic constants of lithium niobate single crystal were measured in the temperature range between 20°C and 200°C. These constants were obtained by measuring the resonant and antiresonant frequencies of the length-extensional mode of bars with various orientations. The measured constants are all of the piezoelectric strain constants and the dielectric constants and a part of the elastic compliances, namely, s E 11 , 2 s E 13 + s E 44 , s E 14 and s E 33 . Values at 20°C and their temperature dependence are as follows. The constants d and s are expressed in units of 10 -8 statcoulomb/dyn and 10 -12 cm 2 /dyn, respectively: d 15 =222[1+( T (^° C )-20)2.8×10 -4 ]; d 22 =62.3[1+( T -20)×2.4×10 -4 ]; d 31 =-2.59[1+( T -20)11×10 -4 ]; d 33 =48.7[1+( T -20)2.9×10 -4 ]; s 11 E =0.564×[1+( T -20)1.5×10 -4 ]; 2 s 13 E + s 44 E =1.39[1+( T -20)2.0×10 -4 ]; s 14 E = -0.084; s 33 E =0.494[1+( T -20)1.5×10 -4 ]; ε 11 T =84.6; ε 33 T =28.6; k 31 =0.02; k 22 =0.32; k 33 =0.47. The electromechanical coupling factor k ' 31 of z y w -45°-cut bar amounts to 0.50.
Protein trafficking along the exocytotic pathway (1993)

Proteins of the exocytotic (secretory) pathway are initially targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then translocated across and/or inserted into the membrane of the ER. During their anterograde transport with the bulk of the membrane flow along the exocytotic pathway, some proteins are selectively retained in various intracellular compartments, while others are sorted to different branches of the pathway. The signals or structural motifs that are involved in these selective targeting processes are being revealed and investigations into the mechanistic nature of these processes are actively underway.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes suppress potassium channel activities in PC12 cells (2009)

The advancement in nanotechnology has produced technological and conceptual breakthroughs but the effects nanomaterials have on organisms at the cellular level are poorly understood. Here we report that carboxyl-terminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) act as antagonists of three types of potassium channels as assessed by whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology on undifferentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Our results showed that carboxyl-terminated MWCNTs suppress the current densities of I(to), I(K) and I(K1) in a time-dependent and irreversible manner. The suppressions were most distinct 24 h after incubation with MWCNTs. However, MWCNTs did not significantly change the expression levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or intracellular free calcium and also did not alter the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) in PC12 cells. These results suggest that oxidative stress was not involved in the MWCNTs suppression of I(to), I(K) and I(K1) current densities. Nonetheless, the suppression of potassium currents by MWCNTs will impact on electrical signaling of excitable cells such as neurons and muscles.
Contribution of CYP3A5 to the in Vitro Hepatic Clearance of Tacrolimus (2005)

CYP3A5 affects metabolism of tacrolimus, thus explaining the association between CYP3A5 genotype and tacrolimus dosage. The importance of CYP3A5 status for tacrolimus clearance is also dependent on the concomitant CYP3A4 activity.
Self-Association of Nicotinamide in Aqueous Solution: Light-Scattering and Vapor Pressure Osmometry Studies (1996)

Nicotinamide is a hydrotropic agent that has been reported to self-associate in aqueous solution. The objective of this study is to characterize the self-association of nicotinamide with regard to the extent of self-association as well as association constants using light-scattering and vapor pressure osmometry. Both methods allow calculation of association constants; however, while light-scattering measurements depend on the size of particles in solution, vapor pressure osmometry depends on the number of particles in solution. Using light-scattering, nicotinamide was found to associate primarily as dimers and trimers. Higher order aggregates can be characterized by an average aggregation number of 4.37. The association constants were 9.99 L/mol and 13.1 L/mol for dimerization and trimerization, respectively. From vapor pressure osmometry data were calculated a dimerization constant of 0.203 L/mol and a trimerization constant of 14.1 L/mol. In comparison, the trimerization constants are in good agreement, while the dimerization constants differ by an order of magnitude. Since light-scattering measurements are less reliable for small molecules like nicotinamide at low concentrations, it is felt that the dimerization constant calculated from vapor pressure osmometry is the more accurate.
Multifunctional Polymeric Nanoparticles from Diverse Bioactive Agents (2006)

We present a rational approach for assembling diverse bioactive agents, such as DNA, proteins, and drug molecules, into core-shell multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) that can be internalized in human breast cancer cells. Using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), block copolymers containing small-molecule drug segments (>50% w/w) and tosylated hexaethylene glycol segments were prepared and assembled into PNPs that allowed for the surface conjugation of single-stranded DNA sequences and/or tumor-targeting antibodies. The resulting antibody-functionalized particles were readily uptaken by breast cancer cells that overexpressed the corresponding antigens.
On Local and Global Centrality in Large Scale Networks (2014)

Estimating influential nodes in large scale networks including but not limited to social networks, biological networks, communication networks, emerging smart grids etc. is a topic of fundamental interest. To understand influences of nodes in a network, a classical metric is centrality within which there are multiple specific instances including degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and more. As of today, existing algorithms to identify nodes with high centrality measures operate upon the entire (or rather global) network, resulting in high computational complexity. In this paper, we design efficient algorithms for determining the betweenness centrality in large scale networks by taking advantage of the modular topology exhibited by most of these large scale networks. Very briefly, modular topologies are those wherein the entire network appears partitioned into distinct modules (or clusters or communities), wherein nodes within the module (that likely share highly similar profiles) have dense connections between them, while connections across modules are relatively sparse. Using a novel adaptation of Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm, and executing it over local modules and over sparse edges between modules, we design algorithms that can correctly compute the betweenness centrality much faster than existing algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first work that leverage modular topologies of large scale networks to address the centrality problem, though here we mostly limit our discussions to social networks. We also provide more insights on centrality in general, and also how our algorithms can be used to determine other centrality measures.
Forensic Detection of Fraudulent Alteration in Ball-Point Pen Strokes (2011)

Alteration and addition to valuable data on paper documents are among the fastest growing crimes around the globe. The loss due to these crimes is huge and is increasing with an alarming rate. The techniques, which are used by forensic document examiners, to examine such cases are still limited to manual examination of physical, chemical and microscopic characteristics. Moreover, it is very difficult to detect an alteration when the ink of similar color is involved. We could not find much in the literature to deal with this problem in an automated pattern recognition framework. In this paper, we restrict ourselves to alterations made with ball-point pen strokes and propose a scheme for detection of such alterations using pattern recognition tools. For this, a large set of color and texture based features is extracted. To choose an adequate set of useful features from the extracted ones, a multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based feature analysis technique is used. For detection of the alteration, three different classifiers, namely, K-nearest neighbor, MLP and support vector machines are used. The results are quite promising.
Structural and functional characterization of the mouse fatty acid translocase promoter: activation during adipose differentiation (2001)

Fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) is a cell-surface glycoprotein that functions as a receptor/transporter for long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), and interacts with other protein and lipid ligands. FAT/CD36 is expressed by various cell types, including platelets, monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells, and tissues with an active LCFA metabolism, such as adipose, small intestine and heart. FAT/CD36 expression is induced during adipose cell differentiation and is transcriptionally up-regulated by LCFAs and thiazolidinediones in pre-adipocytes via a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-mediated process. We isolated and analysed the murine FAT/CD36 promoter employing C2C12N cells directed to differentiate to either adipose or muscle. Transient transfection studies revealed that the 309bp upstream from the start of exon 1 confer adipose specific activity. Sequence analysis of this DNA fragment revealed the presence of two imperfect direct repeat-1 elements. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assay demonstrated that these elements were peroxisome-proliferator-responsive elements (PPREs). Mutagenesis and transfection experiments indicated that both PPREs co-operate to drive strong promoter activity in adipose cells. We conclude that murine FAT/CD36 expression in adipose tissue is dependent upon transcriptional activation via PPARs through binding to two PPREs located at −245 to −233bp and −120 to −108bp from the transcription start site.
Factors Affecting Full-Term Development of Rat Oocytes Microinjected with Fresh or Cryopreserved Round Spermatids (2008)

Factors affecting full-term development of rat oocytes after round spermatid injection (ROSI) were examined using fresh and cryopreserved spermatids. Regardless of method (DC pulses or ionomycin) and timing (before or after ROSI) for oocyte activation, similar percentages of oocytes injected with cryopreserved spermatids developed to full-term (3.0-4.8%). In contrast, no offspring were obtained when fresh spermatids were injected into DC-treated oocytes (0%), but a higher proportion of oocytes first injected with fresh spermatids and then activated with ionomycin developed to full-term (6.1%). In further experiment, oocytes activated with ionomycin were injected with frozen-thawed spermatids, and then treated with cycloheximide and/or trichostatin-A. Neither chemical had a beneficial effect on full-term development of ROSI oocytes (3.7-7.9% vs 2.5% in control). In conclusion, regardless of timing of oocyte activation, activation treatment with ionomycin is required for full-term development of rat oocytes injected with fresh spermatids, and the higher potential of cryopreserved spermatids contributing to full-term development is notable when DC pulse is applied for oocyte activation.
Emotional Interaction with a Robot Using Facial Expressions, Face Pose and Hand Gestures (2012)

Facial expression is one of the major cues for emotional communications between humans and robots. In this paper, we present emotional human robot interaction techniques using facial expressions combined with an exploration of other useful concepts, such as face pose and hand gesture. For the efficient recognition of facial expressions, it is important to understand the positions of facial feature points. To do this, our technique estimates the 3D positions of each feature point by constructing 3D face models fitted on the user. To construct the 3D face models, we first construct an Active Appearance Model (AAM) for variations of the facial expression. Next, we estimate depth information at each feature point from frontal- and side-view images. By combining the estimated depth information with AAM, the 3D face model is fitted on the user according to the various 3D transformations of each feature point. Self-occlusions due to the 3D pose variation are also processed by the region weighting function on the normalized face at each frame. The recognized facial expressions - such as happiness, sadness, fear and anger - are used to change the colours of foreground and background objects in the robot displays, as well as other robot responses. The proposed method displays desirable results in viewing comics with the entertainment robots in our experiments.
Super-low-voltage Operation Of A Semi-Static Complementary Gain DRAM Memory Cell (1993)

In this paper, super low voltage operation of the CG cell is analytically investigated. The optimum operating conditions, immunity to noise on bitline and speed are discussed
Dispersion management in a harmonically mode-locked fiber soliton laser (2000)

Harmonically mode-locked Er-fiber soliton lasers have become a reliable source of high-repetition-rate picosecond pulses in high-speed communications and photonic analog-to-digital conversion systems because of their low-noise, dropout-free operation. We have fabricated such a laser with a strongly dispersion-managed cavity and modeled its operation, and we have found that dispersion management significantly extends the power range over which uninterrupted single-pulse production is attained and dramatically decreases the effects of amplified spontaneous emission on the phase noise of the laser.
Light-Activated Toxicity of Phloxine B and Uranine to Mediterranean Fruit Fly, <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Adults (1995)

Experiments were conducted to determine the light-activated toxicity of a 1:1 molar mixture of phloxine B and uranine or phloxine B alone to Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), adults. Fully-fed or slightly starved test adults were fed either for two or four hours with dye concentrations ranging from 2.5 x 10-5 M to 1.28 x 10-2 M in a stock of various types of baits. After feeding, adults were kept 10 cm below four fluorescent lights yielding 200 μE/sec/m2 and mortality observed for 48 hours. LC50 and LT50 values were calculated. At a concentration of 1.28 x 10-2 M of the 1:1 molar mixture of phloxine B and uranine mixed with 20% autolyzed yeast hydrolysate and 20% fructose, 100% mortality occurred within 12 hours of exposure to light. At the same concentration of phloxine B alone mixed in a sugar-free formulation of autolyzed yeast hydrolysate, over 99% mortality occurred within 12 hours of exposure to light. Phloxine B alone, or in combination with uranine, should be considered as a possible replacement for malathion in area-wide bait spraying programs.
A Modular Soft Computing based Method for Vehicles Repositioning in Bike-sharing Systems (2012)

A crucial issue in bike-sharing systems (BSS) is the unbalanced distribution in space and time of the bikes among the stations. Literature shows several methods, to solve the vehicle reallocation problem and most of them are based on rigid control thresholds and refer to car-sharing systems. In this paper a more flexible fuzzy decision support system for redistribution process in BSS is presented. The aim of the proposed method is to minimize the redistribution costs for bike-sharing companies, determining the optimal bikes repositioning flows, distribution patterns and time intervals between relocation operations, with the objective of a high level for users satisfaction. The proposed method allows to define the best bikes repositioning jointly to the best route for the carrier vehicles. The optimization method has been applied to a simulated BSS that can be considered as a module of a wider real BSS thanks to the scalable architecture of the decision support system. The results of this first tests are interesting even if further investigation are in progress.
Preprocessing X-Ray Transmission Data in CT Scanning (1977)

While the reconstruction algorithm utilized in computerized tomography (CT) is important, the overall performance of the system is limited by the quality of the measured transmission data which is used as a basis for the reconstruction process. If the projection values derived from the measured data do not adequately represent the line integrals of the linear attenuation coefficients within the slice being scanned, even a perfect reconstructruction algorithm will give rise to a distorted image. Phenomena which tend to deteriorate the quality of the measured data, and hence the final image, include the effective finite dimensions of the scanning aperture, distortions introduced by the detector system such as afterglow, and nonlinearities related to the spectral distribution of x-ray photons used in scanning. Computer methods of preprocessing the x-ray transmission data to minimize these distortions are discussed and illustrated.
Classification of kidney and liver tissue using ultrasound backscatter data (2015)

Ultrasound (US) tissue characterization provides valuable information for the initialization of automatic segmentation algorithms, and can further provide complementary information for diagnosis of pathologies. US tissue characterization is challenging due to the presence of various types of image artifacts and dependence on the sonographer’s skills. One way of overcoming this challenge is by characterizing images based on the distribution of the backscatter data derived from the interaction between US waves and tissue. The goal of this work is to classify liver versus kidney tissue in 3D volumetric US data using the distribution of backscatter US data recovered from end-user displayed Bmode image available in clinical systems. To this end, we first propose the computation of a large set of features based on the homodyned-K distribution of the speckle as well as the correlation coefficients between small patches in 3D images. We then utilize the random forests framework to select the most important features for classification. Experiments on in-vivo 3D US data from nine pediatric patients with hydronephrosis showed an average accuracy of 94% for the classification of liver and kidney tissues showing a good potential of this work to assist in the classification and segmentation of abdominal soft tissue.
Ytterbium fiber laser emitting at 1160 nm (2006)

We have realized ytterbium fiber laser emitting at 1160 nm. To avoid a competition with a spontaneous lasing at shorter wavelengths we pumped laser into the core at wavelength of 1070 nm. Cladding pumped Yb-laser was used as a pump source. Also, the active fiber was heated up to 70°C to increase the absorption of the pump power and suppress the spontaneous emission. The lasing efficiency slope of 45% was measured. A maximum output power of 3.2 W was achieved.
Musical rhythm spectra from Bach to Joplin obey a 1/ <i>f</i> power law (2012)

Much of our enjoyment of music comes from its balance of predictability and surprise. Musical pitch fluctuations follow a 1/f power law that precisely achieves this balance. Musical rhythms, especially those of Western classical music, are considered highly regular and predictable, and this predictability has been hypothesized to underlie rhythm's contribution to our enjoyment of music. Are musical rhythms indeed entirely predictable and how do they vary with genre and composer? To answer this question, we analyzed the rhythm spectra of 1,788 movements from 558 compositions of Western classical music. We found that an overwhelming majority of rhythms obeyed a 1/f(β) power law across 16 subgenres and 40 composers, with β ranging from ∼0.5-1. Notably, classical composers, whose compositions are known to exhibit nearly identical 1/f pitch spectra, demonstrated distinctive 1/f rhythm spectra: Beethoven's rhythms were among the most predictable, and Mozart's among the least. Our finding of the ubiquity of 1/f rhythm spectra in compositions spanning nearly four centuries demonstrates that, as with musical pitch, musical rhythms also exhibit a balance of predictability and surprise that could contribute in a fundamental way to our aesthetic experience of music. Although music compositions are intended to be performed, the fact that the notated rhythms follow a 1/f spectrum indicates that such structure is no mere artifact of performance or perception, but rather, exists within the written composition before the music is performed. Furthermore, composers systematically manipulate (consciously or otherwise) the predictability in 1/f rhythms to give their compositions unique identities.
Plasma Concentration of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Predicts Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Type 1 Diabetic Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy (2008)

Plasma ADMA levels predict fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events in patients with type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, increased ADMA levels tend to contribute to increased risk of progressive diabetic kidney disease.
Flying Display: Autonomous Blimp with Real-Time Visual Tracking and Image Projection (2006)

This paper presents a flying display system using an autonomous blimp (small indoor airship) with a visual tracking system and an image projection system. The real-time visual tracking system tracks the blimp while it flies along a given spatial path to follow a wall. The image projection system projects still images or a video stream, whose rectangular shape is pre-compensated to look natural and flat using an image warping algorithm, on the surface of the blimp. The blimp is designed to have holonomic dynamics and it can maintain a stable pose and position in the presence of bounded air flow disturbances during the wall following motion. The real-time visual tracking system tracks the blimp and calculates its position in three dimensional space. Finally, we verify the capability of the autonomous blimp, the real-time visual tracking and the image projection system by experiments in the public exhibition environment. We also verify that the system is useful for transferring information and advertising in a crowded public area such as an exhibition hall or a department store