gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Front-to-back alignment metrology (2003)

The increased demand for high throughput lithography with Front To Back-side Alignment (FTBA) capability has led ASML to develop the FTBA functionality within its current platform. This option is named 3DAlign and aims at an FTBA overlay of 500 nm. To relate a position on the back side of a substrate to its front side, two back-side marks are projected from the back to the front side by two optical branches. In this way, the images of the back-side marks have the proper orientation and magnification to be aligned by the standard ASML alignment hardware. The metrology challenge is to calculate the back-side mark positions in front-side (exposure) coordinates and to compensate for the systematic errors introduced by the optical branches. An absolute relation between the front- and back-side positions on the substrate is obtained by calibrating the system with a special 3DAlign calibration wafer. This is a wafer that has marks on both sides with a known offset. In this paper, the basic ideas and algorithms for the FTBA metrology are discussed.
Shock tube for simulating nuclear blast durations (1978)

The general design of a shock tube that was fabricated and used to produce a shock pulse having a relatively long duration (comparable to that produced by a nuclear detonation) is described. This shock tube used the reflected portion of the wave to produce the peak and early history wave pressure acting on the target, and nozzle flow through the rear of the driver tube to control the remainder of the decaying pressure pulse profile. The estimated pressure profile is compared with the profile obtained by a transducer that was located just above the target surface, and they are in general agreement. The general performance of the shock tube is discussed and suggestions made for further improvement of the technique.
Analysis of polycrystalline GaN grown on a glass substrate (2002)

Polycrystalline gallium nitride layers were deposited by molecular beam epitaxy assisted by an electron cyclotron source or with an ammonia source. The deposition was carried out at 730, 810 and 850°C. In the case of the ammonia source a low-temperature buffer layer was needed. The microstructure was analysed by transmission electron microscopy and the optical properties by means of photoluminescence (PL). With the ammonia source, the size of the grains was larger than with the electron cyclotron source and the PL intensity was more important. Correlations between the microstructure of the layers and the PL emission are proposed.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in Baltimore, Maryland, 2016: The Importance of Sentinel Surveillance in the Era of Multi-Drug-Resistant Gonorrhea (2018)

The increasing rates of gonorrhea infections and the global emergence and spread of multi-drug-resistant <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (NG) threaten the successful management of gonorrhea. In the era of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), surveillance projects are urgently needed to monitor prevalence and trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility of NG. In this study, we retrospectively determined the susceptibility profile of NG isolates to previously and currently prescribed antimicrobials. NG isolates collected in Baltimore, Maryland between January and October 2016 were evaluated by the E-test method and/or molecular methods for susceptibility to ceftriaxone, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and penicillin. One-hundred and forty-three NG isolates from African-American males (98.6%), primarily heterosexual (88.8%), ranging in age from 15 to 69 years of age were included in the study. Ciprofloxacin resistance was observed in 44.1% of isolates. Plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin and tetracycline resistance was detected in 22.4% and 10.1% of isolates, respectively. Three isolates (2.1%) displayed high-level resistance to azithromycin (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 256 μg/mL). Forty-three percent of isolates were resistant or had decreased susceptibility to three antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and penicillin). All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and gentamicin. Overall, the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant NG in Baltimore continues to evolve, and the emergence of azithromycin resistance in this population emphasizes the need for continued sentinel surveillance programs to monitor susceptibility trends and aid in treatment recommendations.
Injection of cultured autologous fibroblasts for human vocal fold scars (2011)

This study demonstrates that injection of autologous fibroblasts into the scarred vocal fold lamina propria layer is safe. Sustained trends for improved outcome were supported by 12-month data for mucosal wave grade, VHI, and voice quality questionnaire.
Direct Air Capture of CO<sub>2</sub> with an Amine Resin: A Molecular Modeling Study of the CO<sub>2</sub> Capturing Process (2017)

Several reactions, known from other amine systems for CO<sub>2</sub> capture, have been proposed for Lewatit R VP OC 1065. The aim of this molecular modeling study is to elucidate the CO<sub>2</sub> capture process: the physisorption process prior to the CO<sub>2</sub>-capture and the reactions. Molecular modeling yields that the resin has a structure with benzyl amine groups on alternating positions in close vicinity of each other. Based on this structure, the preferred adsorption mode of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O was established. Next, using standard Density Functional Theory two catalytic reactions responsible for the actual CO<sub>2</sub> capture were identified: direct amine and amine-H<sub>2</sub>O catalyzed formation of carbamic acid. The latter is a new type of catalysis. Other reactions are unlikely. Quantitative verification of the molecular modeling results with known experimental CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption isotherms, applying a dual site Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, further supports all results of this molecular modeling study.
Photorespiration and the Evolution of C<sub>4</sub>Photosynthesis (2012)

C(4) photosynthesis is one of the most convergent evolutionary phenomena in the biological world, with at least 66 independent origins. Evidence from these lineages consistently indicates that the C(4) pathway is the end result of a series of evolutionary modifications to recover photorespired CO(2) in environments where RuBisCO oxygenation is high. Phylogenetically informed research indicates that the repositioning of mitochondria in the bundle sheath is one of the earliest steps in C(4) evolution, as it may establish a single-celled mechanism to scavenge photorespired CO(2) produced in the bundle sheath cells. Elaboration of this mechanism leads to the two-celled photorespiratory concentration mechanism known as C(2) photosynthesis (commonly observed in C(3)-C(4) intermediate species) and then to C(4) photosynthesis following the upregulation of a C(4) metabolic cycle.
Controlled assembly of SERS substrates templated by colloidal crystal films (2005)

Convective assembly at high volume fractions was used to assemble gold nanoparticles into structured porous films templated by colloidal crystals. These gold nanofilms have hierarchical porosity and were proven to be stable and efficient substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The control over the film structure allowed optimization of their performance for potential sensor applications.
Potent antioxidant properties of novel apple-derived flavonoids with commercial potential as food additives (1996)

Conference Article| August 01 1996 Potent antioxidant properties of novel apple-derived flavonoids with commercial potential as food additives TIM RIDGWAY; TIM RIDGWAY *Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JAMES O'REILLY; JAMES O'REILLY 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GILLIAN WEST; GILLIAN WEST *Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GREG TUCKER; GREG TUCKER *Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar HELEN WISEMAN HELEN WISEMAN 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (3): 391S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024391s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation TIM RIDGWAY, JAMES O'REILLY, GILLIAN WEST, GREG TUCKER, HELEN WISEMAN; Potent antioxidant properties of novel apple-derived flavonoids with commercial potential as food additives. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1996; 24 (3): 391S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024391s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Selective tetraspan–integrin complexes (CD81/α4β1, CD151/α3β1, CD151/α6β1) under conditions disrupting tetraspan interactions (1999)

The tetraspans are molecules with four transmembrane domains which are engaged in multimolecular complexes (the tetraspan web) containing a subset of β1 integrins (in particular α3β1, α4β1 and α6β1), MHC antigens and several unidentified molecules. The molecules associated with tetraspans are readily detected after immunoprecipitation performed in mild detergents such as Brij 97 or CHAPS. In this study we show that another classical mild detergent, digitonin, dissociated most of these associated molecules, including integrins, from the tetraspans CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, CD82, Co-029, Talla-1 and NAG-2. In contrast, reciprocal immunoprecipitations from various cell lines demonstrated that two other tetraspans, CD81 and CD151, formed complexes with integrins not disrupted by digitonin. These complexes were CD81/α4β1, CD151/α3β1 and CD151/α6β1. Furthermore, a new anti-CD151 monoclonal antibody (mAb), TS151r, was shown to have a restricted pattern of expression, inversely related to the sum of the levels of expression of α6β1 and α3β1. This mAb was unable to co-precipitate integrins in digitonin, suggesting that its epitope is blocked by the association with integrins. Indeed, the binding of TS151r to the cell surface was quantitatively diminished following α3β1 overexpression. Altogether, these data suggest that, among tetraspans, CD81 interacts directly with the integrin α4β1, and CD151 interacts directly with integrins α3β1 and α6β1. Because all tetraspan-tetraspan associations are disrupted by digitonin, it is likely that the other tetraspans interact indirectly with integrins, through interactions with CD81 or CD151.
Selective inactivation of guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G-protein) α and βγ subunits by urea (2001)

G-protein-coupled receptors activate signal-transducing G-proteins, which consist of an α subunit and a βγ dimer. Membrane extraction with 5–7M urea has been used to uncouple receptors from endogenous G-proteins to permit reconstitution with purified G-proteins. We show that αi subunits are inactivated with 5M urea whereas the βγ dimer requires at least 7M urea for its inactivation. There is no significant loss of receptors. Surprisingly, Western-blot analysis indicates that the urea-denatured αi subunit remains mostly membrane-bound and that β is only partially removed. After 7M urea treatment, both αi1 and βγ subunits are required to restore high-affinity agonist binding and receptor-catalysed guanosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate binding. We demonstrate the generality of this approach for four Gi-coupled receptors (α2A-adrenergic, adenosine A1, 5-hydroxytryptamine1A and µ-opioid) expressed in insect cells and two mammalian cell lines. Thus a selectivity of urea for G-protein α versus βγ subunits is established in both concentration and mechanism.
Power-On Current Control In Sleep Transistor Implementations (2006)

Various current control techniques are described to limit current surge when sleep transistor are turned on to power a design. Advantages and disadvantages in the techniques are also discussed. The trade-off consideration on power-on latency adds more challenges in the current control in sleep transistor implementations which is addressed in the paper
Trajectory-Based Video Retrieval Using Dirichlet Process Mixture Models (2008)

In this paper, we present a trajectory-based video retrieval framework using Dirichlet process mixture models. The main contribution of this framework is four-fold. (1) We apply a Dirichlet process mixture model (DPMM) to unsupervised trajectory learning. DPMM is a countably infinite mixture model with its components growing by itself. (2) We employ a time-sensitive Dirichlet process mixture model (tDPMM) to learn trajectories’ time-series characteristics. Furthermore, a novel likelihood estimation algorithm for tDPMM is proposed for the first time. (3) We develop a tDPMM-based probabilistic model matching scheme, which is empirically shown to be more error-tolerating and is able to deliver higher retrieval accuracy than the peer methods in the literature. (4) The framework has a nice scalability and adaptability in the sense that when new cluster data are presented, the framework automatically identifies the new cluster information without having to redo the training. Theoretic analysis and experimental evaluations against the state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the promise and effectiveness of the framework.
Influence of Food Emulsifiers on Pasting Temperature and Viscosity of Various Starches (1973)

Abstract The influence of monoglycerides (DGMS), stearoyl‐2‐lactylates (CSL, SSL), and diacetylated tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides (DATE) on amylograph curves of various starches has been investigated. DGMS gave the greatest increase in pasting temperature of wheat and tapioca starch, followed by SSL, CSL and DATE. The pasting temperature of corn and potato starch was less affected by these emulsifiers. Peak viscosity of wheat starch in distilled water was increased by all emulsifiers, and was decreased in tapioca and potato starch. Both pasting temperature and peak viscosity were strongly influenced by variations in pH, and were to some extent also dependent on ion concentration. In hard tap water the peak viscosity was slightly decreased by the anionic emulsifiers (SSL > CSL > DATE), due to the presence of Ca ++ and Mg ++ ions, while DGMS gave a higher peak viscosity than in distilled water. DATE seems to be more sensitive to variations in pH or ion concentration than the other emulsifiers.
Mesoporous IrO<sub>2</sub> Films Templated by PEO-PB-PEO Block-Copolymers: Self-Assembly, Crystallization Behavior, and Electrocatalytic Performance (2011)

Synthesis of mesoporous iridium oxide films via soft templating and evaporation-induced self-assembly is demonstrated employing an amphiphilic triblock-copolymer PEO-PB-PEO. Films possess nanocrystalline walls and feature locally ordered pores of about 16 nm diameter. Analysis of the film properties by SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, SAXS, XRD, and BET along the thermal treatment that succeeds dipcoating shows that the polymer template is removed by calcination between 200 and 300 °C, accompanied by uniaxial shrinkage of film and pore system perpendicular to the substrate. Treating the film in excess of 450 °C leads to further growth of crystallite size and loss of surface area progressing gradually with increasing calcination temperature. Templated IrO2 films conditioned at 450 °C show substantially reduced electrocatalytic overpotentials (efficiency increases) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) compared to those of untemplated coatings. Pore templating thus enables direct control over surface catalytic properties of iridium oxide.
DCM Bandits: Learning to Rank with Multiple Clicks (2016)

A search engine recommends to the user a list of web pages. The user examines this list, from the first page to the last, and clicks on all attractive pages until the user is satisfied. This behavior of the user can be described by the dependent click model (DCM). We propose DCM bandits, an online learning variant of the DCM where the goal is to maximize the probability of recommending satisfactory items, such as web pages. The main challenge of our learning problem is that we do not observe which attractive item is satisfactory. We propose a computationally-efficient learning algorithm for solving our problem, dcmKL-UCB; derive gap-dependent upper bounds on its regret under reasonable assumptions; and also prove a matching lower bound up to logarithmic factors. We evaluate our algorithm on synthetic and real-world problems, and show that it performs well even when our model is misspecified. This work presents the first practical and regret-optimal online algorithm for learning to rank with multiple clicks in a cascade-like click model.
The tumor suppressor activity of IKKα in stratified epithelia is exerted in part via the TGF-β antiproliferative pathway (2008)

The transforming growth factor type beta-1 (TGF-beta) signaling pathway is a major tumor suppressor during early carcinogenesis, and its growth-suppressive activity is commonly lost during early tumor progression. IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha) also acts as a tumor suppressor in stratified epithelia, and its expression and nuclear localization are progressively down-regulated during malignant progression of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and acquisition of an invasive phenotype. A critical role for IKKalpha in TGF-beta signaling in stratified epithelia was identified recently during normal keratinocyte differentiation, and both IKKalpha and components of the TGF-beta signaling pathway are required for induction of antiproliferative Myc antagonists in such cells. We now describe that the interaction between IKKalpha and the TGF-beta signaling pathway is also important in a subset of SCCs. In SCCs that are unable to shuttle IKKalpha to the nucleus, defective TGF-beta-induced growth arrest was rescued by introduction of a constitutively nuclear IKKalpha variant. These results suggest that the tumor-suppressive activity of IKKalpha in stratified epithelia may be exerted in part via the TGF-beta signaling pathway.
Imaging Cells in Three‐Dimensional Collagen Matrix (2010)

The use of in vitro three-dimensional (3-D) collagen matrices to mimic an in vivo cellular environment has become increasingly popular and is broadening our understanding of cellular processes and cell-ECM interactions. To study cells in in vitro 3-D collagen matrices, both cellular proteins and the collagen matrix must be visualized. In this unit, the authors describe the protocol and provide troubleshooting for immunolabeling of cells in 3-D collagen gels to localize and visualize cellular proteins with high-resolution fluorescence confocal microscopy. The authors then describe confocal reflection microscopy as a technique for direct imaging of 3-D fibrillar collagen matrices by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. They also provide instrument settings required for simultaneous imaging of cellular proteins with fluorescence confocal imaging and 3-D collagen fibrils with confocal reflection microscopy. Additionally, the authors provide protocols for a "cell sandwiching" technique to prepare cell cultures in 3-D collagen matrices required for high-resolution confocal imaging.
Stimulation of human butyrophilin 3 molecules results in negative regulation of cellular immunity (2010)

The BTN molecule consists of three subfamilies, BTN1, BTN2. and BTN3, and possesses interesting properties for biological regulation. Although the biological significance of BTN1 and BTN2 has been progressively clarified, the receptor function of BTN3 remains to be elucidated as a result of the absence of appropriate agonists. To clarify the participation of BTN3 in immune regulation, BTN3-specific mAb, referred to as 34-7 and 232-5, were generated from BTN3 gene-immunized mice. The 232-5 mAb, specific to the extracellular domain of the BTN3 molecule, stained almost all populations of human PBMCs, including T, NK, NKT, and B cells. Notably, treatment with the 232-5 mAb resulted in phosphorylation of BTN3A3 molecules, leading to attenuated proliferation and cytokine secretion by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in a CD4+ CD25+ Treg cell-independent manner, demonstrating the agonistic property of the 232-5 mAb in BTN3-mediated negative signal transduction. The magnitude of the cell surface expression of BTN3 molecules correlated inversely with lymphocyte activity, suggesting that BTN3 molecules contribute to the maintenance of the immune system. Taken together, our findings provide new insights for the role of BTN3 as an inhibitor of excessive cellular immune responses.
Separation of large quantities of mononuclear cells from human blood using a blood processor (1985)

A blood processor (IBM 2991) was used to separate lymphocytes from large volumes of blood. The procedure included the centrifugation of 200 ml whole blood on a density gradient. The results of this procedure were compared with those obtained with a manual procedure. Mononuclear cell (MNC) viability was preserved well in the two methods. But with the processor, recovery of MNC was better (63.5 +/- 2.5%) than with manual separation (26.5 +/- 4.1%). Monoclonal antibodies were used to identify the various cell subsets in the MNC fractions. No particular cell selection was observed when MNC fractions were obtained by the separator. In conclusion, the use of a cell separator provided an efficient technique for rapid isolation of large quantities of lymphocytes.
Heat Shock Protein 70 Suppresses Astroglial-inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase Expression by Decreasing NFκB Activation (1996)

In brain glial cells, expression of calcium independent nitric-oxide synthase (NOS-2) is induced following stimulation with bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines. We have investigated the effects of heat shock (HS), which can reduce inflammatory responses in several cell types, on the induction of glial NOS-2 expression. Preincubation of cells for 20-60 min at 43 degrees C decreased subsequent levels of NOS-2 induction, with a maximal 80% reduction after 60 min of HS. Following HS, cells were refractory to NOS inducers for up to 4 h, after which time little or no suppression was observed. HS reduced cytosolic NOS-2 enzymatic activity (3-fold), steady state mRNA levels (2-3-fold), and gene promoter activity (by 50%). HS also reduced LPS-induced nuclear accumulation of transcription factor NFkappaB p65 subunit, suggesting perturbation of NFkappaB activation. A role for HS protein (HSP) 70 in NOS-2 suppression by HS is supported by the demonstration that 1) transfection with human HSP70 cDNA partially replicated HS effects; 2) antisense, but not sense, oligonucleotides directed against rat HSP70 partially blocked HS effects; and 3) rat fibroblasts stably expressing human HSP70 did not express NOS-2 in response to LPS plus cytokines. As with heat-shocked cells, HSP70-expressing cells also exhibited decreased NFkappaB p65 subunit nuclear accumulation. These results demonstrate that in glial cells, as well as other cell types, NOS-2 induction can be modulated by the HS response, mediated at least in part by HSP70 expression.