gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Where We Were, Where We Are, Where We Are Going: Progress in Multiple Myeloma (2014)

The celebration of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the American Society of Clinical Oncology provides the occasion to review the progress that has been made in the biology and treatment of multiple myeloma. With the advent of melphalan and cyclophosphamide in the early 1960s the median survival of patients with multiple myeloma more than doubled from 10 months to approximately 24 months. Throughout multiple clinical trials in the 1970s and 1980s, melphalan and prednisone remained the gold standard, with a 3-year survival of 42%. The use of high-dose melphalan with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support provided an incremental advance in the 1990s. The outlook for patients was dramatically improved in the 2000s with the introduction of thalidomide analogs and proteasome inhibitors, so that the 3-year survival of patients treated in 2008 with melphalan and prednisone had increased to 66%. The 2010s are dominated by studying the optimal combination, sequence, and duration of therapies. These clinical advances have occurred along with our evolving understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of myeloma. Myeloma can be divided into two main groups: hyperdiploid, with multiple trisomies of odd-numbered chromosomes, and nonhyperdiploid, with recurrent immunoglobulin heavy chain gene translocations. Disease progression is associated with rearrangements of MYC, the most common mutation in myeloma, present in nearly half of patients. Genomic studies have highlighted marked subclonal heterogeneity that poses one of the main challenges to successful control of the disease. This problem will be addressed in future studies in the 2020s, which will include a focus on immunologic approaches such as monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, engineered T-cells, and novel immunomodulators.
Regeneration of the aged thymus by a single transcription factor (2014)

Thymic involution is central to the decline in immune system function that occurs with age. By regenerating the thymus, it may therefore be possible to improve the ability of the aged immune system to respond to novel antigens. Recently, diminished expression of the thymic epithelial cell (TEC)-specific transcription factor Forkhead box N1 (FOXN1) has been implicated as a component of the mechanism regulating age-related involution. The effects of upregulating FOXN1 function in the aged thymus are, however, unknown. Here, we show that forced, TEC-specific upregulation of FOXN1 in the fully involuted thymus of aged mice results in robust thymus regeneration characterized by increased thymopoiesis and increased naive T cell output. We demonstrate that the regenerated organ closely resembles the juvenile thymus in terms of architecture and gene expression profile, and further show that this FOXN1-mediated regeneration stems from an enlarged TEC compartment, rebuilt from progenitor TECs. Collectively, our data establish that upregulation of a single transcription factor can substantially reverse age-related thymic involution, identifying FOXN1 as a specific target for improving thymus function and, thus, immune competence in patients. More widely, they demonstrate that organ regeneration in an aged mammal can be directed by manipulation of a single transcription factor, providing a provocative paradigm that may be of broad impact for regenerative biology.
An ultralow power single-chip CMOS 900 MHz receiver for wireless paging (2003)

Describes a low power CMOS wireless receiver. Its performance is summarised and its performance compared with integrated bipolar paging receivers. Some parameters have been normalized to enable meaningful comparison. This receiver's sensitivity is comparable, and its linearity is superior. Its power consumption is close to the lowest. Yet the final implementation bears little resemblance to the bipolar predecessors, and has been arrived at by uniquely CMOS considerations.
Whole Execution Traces and Their Use in Debugging (2007)

Profiling techniques have greatly advanced in recent years. Extensive amounts of dynamic information can be collected (e.g., control flow, address and data values, data, and control dependences), and sophisticated dynamic analysis techniques can be employed to assist in improving the performance and reliability of software. In this chapter we describe a novel representation called whole execution traces that can hold a vast amount of dynamic information in a form that provides easy access to this information during dynamic analysis. We demonstrate the use of this representation in locating faulty code in programs through dynamic-slicing- and dynamic-matching-based analysis of dynamic information generated by failing runs of faulty programs.
The Chemical Behavior of Low Valence Sulfur Compounds. VII. The Oxidation of Ammonium Sulfide and Ammonium Sulfite with Compressed Oxygen in Aqueous Ammonia Solution (1971)

Abstract The oxidation of ammonium sulfide and ammonium sulfite with compressed oxygen in aqueous ammonia soultion was studied in order to confirm the formation of ammonium sulfamate. Ammonium sulfite is easily oxidized to ammonium thiosulfate through polysulfides with oxygen and further to ammonium sulfamate and ammonium sulfate. Suitable conditions for producing ammonium sulfamate were found to be: initial concentration of ammonium sulfide 2.0 mol/l, temperature 100°C, concentration of ammonia 12 mol/l, concentration of cupric ion 0.1 mol/l and oxygen pressure 50 kg/cm2. Though ammonium sulfite is wholly oxidized to ammonium sulfate under the same conditions, it is partially oxidized to ammonium sulfamate besides sulfate in the presence of cupric ion under high concentration of ammonia. The mode of oxidation might differ from that of ammonium thiosulfate, ammonium sulfide and elemental sulfur because of no formation of polythionate as an intermediate.
Adaptogenic activity of a novel, withanolide‐free aqueous fraction from the roots of <i>Withania somnifera</i> Dun. (2001)

The practitioners of the traditional Indian system of medicine regard Withania somnifera Dun. as the 'Indian ginseng'. A new withanolide-free aqueous fraction was isolated from the roots of this plant and was evaluated for putative antistress activity against a battery of tests such as hypoxia time, antifatigue effect, swimming performance time, swimming induced gastric ulceration and hypothermia, immobilization induced gastric ulceration, autoanalgesia and biochemical changes in the adrenal glands. This bioactive fraction exhibited significant antistress activity in a dose-related manner in all the parameters studied. The extract of Withania somnifera root (a commercial preparation available locally) was used to compare the results. A preliminary acute toxicity study in mice showed a good margin of safety.
Evaluation of microalgae as sources of digestible nutrients for monogastric animals (2011)

The study was carried out to evaluate three microalgae as potential nutrient sources in diets for monogastric animals. In a digestibility experiment with adult mink (Mustela vison), the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Isochrysis galbana were fed at 60, 120 and 240 g kg -1 as is, replacing fish meal. The N. oceanica and P. tricornutum had similar crude protein (CP) content (47.7 and 49.0% of DM, respectively), amino acid composition and lipid content (8.4 and 7.4%, respectively), whereas I. galbana contained 20.1% CP and 16.2% lipids. There was a significant linear reduction in CP digestibility with increasing dietary inclusion of all algae products. The apparent CP digestibility determined by linear regression for N. oceanica, P. tricornutum and I. galbana was 35.5, 79.9 and 18.8%, respectively. The individual amino acid digestibilities showed acceptable values for P. tricornutum, but low and highly variable values for N. oceanica and I. galbana. Although the algae contributed a minor proportion of dietary lipids, lipid digestibility declined with increasing inclusion of all algae and especially with the highest level of N. oceanica. It was concluded from the mink study that among the investigated algae, P. tricornutum was the preferable source of digestible nutrients.
Porous Metal−Organic Polyhedra:  25 Å Cuboctahedron Constructed from 12 Cu<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub> Paddle-Wheel Building Blocks (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPorous Metal−Organic Polyhedra: 25 Å Cuboctahedron Constructed from 12 Cu2(CO2)4 Paddle-Wheel Building BlocksM. Eddaoudi, Jaheon Kim, J. B. Wachter, H. K. Chae, M. O'Keeffe, and O. M. YaghiView Author Information Materials Design and Discovery Group Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055 Department of Chemistry Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 18, 4368–4369Publication Date (Web):April 17, 2001Publication History Received20 February 2001Published online17 April 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0104352https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0104352rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10505Altmetric-Citations616LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Crystals,Ligands,Molecules,Porosity Get e-Alerts
Phase-shifted moiré grating fibre resonators (1990)

A novel technique for fabricating fibre grating resonators is reported. Using this technique, a resonant filter response with a bandwidth of 0.04 nm (∼5 GHz) centred at 1535.1 nm and with a finesse of 20 has been obtained.
13-cis-Retinoic Acid 가 자궁경부암의 항암화학요법에 미치는 영향 (1995)

1994년 1월부터 1995년 1월까지 연세대학교 의과대학 부속 세브란스병원 산부인과에서 침윤 성 편평상피 자궁경부암으로 진단되어 신보조화학요법만을 시행받은 20명의 제 1군과 신보 조화학요법과 병용하여 13-cis-Retinoic Acid를 투여받은 20명의 제2군의 환자를 대상으로 치 료효과 및 합병증을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 신보조화학요법을 시행하여 치료반응을 판정할 수 있었던 총 40예중 제 1군의 경우, 부분 관해가 6예(30%), 그리고 무반응예가 14예(70%)를 보여 임상반응율은 30%를 나타내었으며 제2군의 경우에는 완전관해가 1예(5%), 부분관해가 6예(30%) 그리고 무반응예가 13예(65%) 를 나타내어 임상반응율은 35%를 보였다. 2. 제 1군에서 신보조화학요법 전후를 SCC 항원을 측정하여 본 결과 혈중 SCC항원의 중앙 값은 각가 1.65ng/ml 0.90 ng/ml로 나타나 유의하게 감소되었으며 (p<0.05), 제 2군에서도 각 각 2.90 ng/ml, 1.75 ng/ml로 나타나 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다. (p<0.05)그러나 제 1 군 및 제 2군의 화학요법 후 혈중 SCC항원을 비교한 결과에서는 두 군사이에 유의한 차이 가 없었다. 3. 신보조화학요법으로 인한 부작용 골수억제, 위장관장애, 신 및 간독성이 있었으며 제 2 군의 경우에는 35예(59.3%)에서 경증의 피부건조증 및 구순염이 나타났으나 보존적인 치료 로 회복되었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 신보조화학요법만을 시행한 군보다 신화학요법과 13-cis-Retinoic Acid를 병용투여한 군에서 향상된 완전관해를 나타내었으나 국소요법후 지속적인 추적 관찰 로 치료실패율 및 무병생존율에 대한 연구 및 화학요법의 반응을 예측선별할 수 있는 연구도 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
Blade-Coatable Hexagonal Boron Nitride Ionogel Electrolytes for Scalable Production of Lithium Metal Batteries (2022)

Solid-state electrolytes have attracted significant attention for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries due to their potential to enable higher energy density technologies and improve cell safety by removing volatile liquid electrolytes. However, existing solid-state electrolyte materials lack sufficient electrochemical performance or require expensive and time-consuming processing methods that have prevented their wide-scale adoption. Here, a blade-coatable hexagonal boron nitride ionogel electrolyte is introduced that exhibits high room temperature ionic conductivity (>1 mS cm–1), is stable against lithium metal anodes, and can be applied over a wide area in a thin (<40 μm) and crack-free film. Furthermore, this blade-coatable slurry has a tunable viscosity to enable its use in existing battery manufacturing infrastructure. The resulting blade-coated hBN ionogel electrolyte is employed in a lithium metal battery with a LiFePO4 cathode, exhibiting superlative rate capability at room temperature with a 78% capacity retention after 500 cycles at a rate of 1C.
The Circulating Proteinase Inhibitor α-1 Antitrypsin Regulates Neutrophil Degranulation and Autoimmunity (2014)

Pathological inflammation and autoimmune disease frequently involve elevated neutrophil activity in the absence of infectious agents. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) contributes to many of the problems associated with autoimmune diseases. We investigated the ability of serum α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) to control TNF-α biosynthesis and signaling in neutrophils and assessed whether AAT deficiency (AATD) is a TNF-α-related disease. In vitro studies demonstrate that serum AAT coordinates TNF-α intracellular signaling and neutrophil degranulation of tertiary and secondary granules via modulation of ligand-receptor interactions. AATD patients homozygous for the Z allele were characterized by increased activation of the TNF-α system, as demonstrated by increased membrane TNF-α levels and increased plasma concentrations of TNF receptor 1 and neutrophil-released secondary and tertiary granule proteins. The incidence of autoantibodies directed against degranulated lactoferrin and surface protein accessible to these antibodies was increased in ZZ-AATD, leading to an enhanced rate of neutrophil reactive oxygen species production. Treatment of ZZ-AATD individuals with AAT augmentation therapy resulted in decreased membrane TNF-α expression and plasma levels of granule antigenic proteins and immunoglobulin G class autoantibodies. These results provide a mechanism by which AAT augmentation therapy affects TNF-α signaling in the circulating neutrophil, indicating promising potential of this therapy for other TNF-α-related diseases.
Quantitative Analysis of X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Data by a Full Multiple Scattering Procedure: The Fe-CO Geometry in Photolyzed Carbonmonoxy-Myoglobin Single Crystal (2001)

We report the first quantitative analysis of the Fe K-edge polarized x-ray absorption near edge structure of the iron protein carbonmonoxy-myoglobin (MbCO) single crystal and of its cryogenic photoproduct Mb(*)CO. The CO-Fe-heme local structure has been determined using a novel fitting procedure based on the full multiple scattering approach. The extracted local structure of Mb(*)CO includes a Fe-CO distance of (3.08+/-0.07) A, with a tilting angle between the heme normal and the Fe-C vector of (37+/-7) degrees, and a bending angle between the Fe-C vector and the C-O bond of (31+/-5) degrees.
Carrier conduction mechanism for phosphorescent material doped organic semiconductor (2009)

The mobility of charge carriers has been investigated in the pristine and phosphorescent material doped 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl) triphenylamine (TCTA) using time-of-flight photoconductivity technique. Doping phosphorescent material fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy)3] increases the electron mobility whereas the hole mobility decreases to the order of 10−4–10−6 cm2/V s measured at room temperature with different bias voltages. The analysis of field and temperature dependences of the mobility agrees well with the Gaussian disorder model. The calculated positional disorders (Σ) for TCTA, Ir(ppy)3-doped TCTA, and tris(1-phenylisoquinoline) iridium [Ir(piq)3]-doped TCTA are 0.12, 2.05, and 1.62 for hole, respectively; 3.89 for electron in only Ir(ppy)3-doped TCTA. The ambipolar transport for holes and electrons is possible by doping TCTA with Ir(ppy)3 (green dopant) whereas only hole transport with reduced mobility is achieved for Ir(piq)3 (red dopant).
Plasma Acceleration with Microwaves near Cyclotron Resonance (1967)

Acceleration of a microwave-energized plasma by expansion in a diverging magnetic field is studied. Results of a theoretical collisionless particle analysis are reviewed. An experimental accelerator is described and its pertinent conditions are considered. Measurements of plasma beam shape and potential are compared with the theoretical predictions. The conclusions are that, while some experimental characteristics (beam shape and potential profile) agree with theory, collisions in the experimental device prevent it from attaining operating conditions predicted by collisionless theory.
Lactic Acidosis in Patients with Diabetes Treated with Metformin (1998)

To the Editor: From May 1995, when metformin was introduced in the United States, through June 30, 1996, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received reports of lactic acidosis in 66 patients treated with metformin. In 47 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of circulating lactate values (>5 mmol per liter), in accordance with established criteria for the diagnosis of lactic acidosis (Table 1).1,2 Of the 47 patients with confirmed diagnoses, 43 had one or more risk factors for lactic acidosis. Thirty (64 percent) had preexisting cardiac disease, of whom 18 had histories of congestive heart failure. . . .
Metrically measuring liver biopsy: A chronic hepatitis B and C computer-aided morphologic description (2008)

The results are the first standardized metrical evaluation of the geometric properties of the parenchyma, inflammation, fibrosis, and alterations in liver tissue tectonics of the biopsy sections. The present study confirms that biopsies are still valuable, not only for diagnosing chronic hepatitis, but also for quantifying changes in the organization and order of liver tissue structure.
Task-Oriented Quality Measures for Dextrous Grasping (2005)

We propose a new and efficient approach to compute task oriented quality measures for dextrous grasps. Tasks can be specified as a single wrench to be applied, as a rough direction in form of a wrench cone, or as a complex wrench polytope. Based on the linear matrix inequality formalism to treat the friction cone constraints we formulate respective convex optimization problems, whose solutions give the maximal applicable wrench in the task direction together with the needed contact forces. Numerical experiments show that application to complex grasps with many contacts is possible.
RNA interference-mediated gene silence of the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor by subcutaneous injection of vector-encoding short hairpin RNA reduces formalin-induced nociception in the rat (2011)

There is accumulating evidence to implicate the importance of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors to the induction and maintenance of central sensitization during pain states. However, the use of NMDA receptor antagonists can often be limited by serious central nervous system side effects. The development of peripheral NMDA receptor antagonists that do not interfere with central glutamate processing can avoid adverse effects of the central nervous system. RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for silencing gene expression in which a targeted mRNA is degraded by a double-stranded RNA sequence known as a small interfering RNA (siRNA). siRNAs can be derived from short hairpin (sh) RNAs, which can be expressed from plasmids or viral vectors to achieve long-term gene silencing. In this study, we examined the effect of gene silence and antinociception on formalin-induced pain by subcutaneous injection of vector-encoding shRNA targeting the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor. The results revealed that subcutaneous injection of vector-expressing NR1 shRNA could effectively diminish the nociception induced by formalin stimuli and inhibit gene expression of NR1 evidenced by a decreased level of mRNA and protein. The effect of antinociception and inhibition of NR1 expression by NR1 shRNA persisted for about 14days. The data suggest that NR1 shRNA has therapeutic potential to provide long-term treatment of pathological pain that is induced or maintained by peripheral nociceptor activity. Subcutaneous injection of NR1 short hairpin RNA has the therapeutic potential of providing long-term treatment of pathological pain that is induced or maintained by peripheral nociceptor activity.
Middle ear mechanics of type IV and type V tympanoplasty: I. Model analysis and predictions. (1995)

An analysis of type IV and type V tympanoplasty procedures was performed using a quantitative model of the acoustic and mechanical properties of the stapes, cochlea, round window shield, and cavum minor air space. Realistic values for the impedance of these structures were determined from anatomic and functional measurements in normal ears. These model values lead to predicted type IV hearing results that match well with the best surgical results over a broad frequency range (125-4000 Hz). A parametric study of alterations in the model impedances reveals that a good hearing result depends on a mobile stapes, proper aeration of the cavum minor air space, and a sufficiently stiff graft shield. Intersubject variations in the cochlear impedance also can have a significant effect on the postsurgical hearing response.
Positron Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis and Staging of Urinary Bladder Cancer (1996)

It is possible to visualize urinary bladder tumours larger than 1 cm in diameter with PET using (11)C-methionine, but the value of the method in the staging of the lesions is not superior to conventional methods.
Sinfonia (2007)

We propose a new paradigm for building scalable distributed systems. Our approach does not require dealing with message-passing protocols -- a major complication in existing distributed systems. Instead, developers just design and manipulate data structures within our service called Sinfonia. Sinfonia keeps data for applications on a set of memory nodes, each exporting a linear address space. At the core of Sinfonia is a novel minitransaction primitive that enables efficient and consistent access to data, while hiding the complexities that arise from concurrency and failures. Using Sinfonia, we implemented two very different and complex applications in a few months: a cluster file system and a group communication service. Our implementations perform well and scale to hundreds of machines.
A model for specifying multi-granularity integrity policies (2003)

Systems which provide integrity controls are presented in terms of a request-response paradigm. This paradigm involves modeling the manner in which valid requests are made, a system's method of deciding whether or not to service a request, and the manner in which a system state are performed only in authorized ways. A novel feature of the model is that integrity policies, which are restrictions on how data may be modified, are defined at multiple levels of granularity. At the finest and lowest level of granularity, restrictions are placed directly on how data items may be modified; at successive and more coarse levels of granularity, restrictions are defined in terms provided by lower levels. A hierarchical technique for organizing computations, nested transactions, is adapted for this purpose. Integrity policies expressed in this framework are properties of computations which can be specified and related to other desirable properties, such as concurrent execution and fault tolerance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>