gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Paclitaxel−C225 Conjugate as a Model for Targeted Drug Delivery<sup>1</sup> (2003)

Tumor-targeted drug delivery is an attractive strategy in cancer treatment. We have previously reported a paclitaxel model conjugate using a bombesin receptor-recognizing peptide in which the drug cytotoxicity against H1299 human nonsmall cell lung cancer was enhanced compared to unconjugated taxol. In an effort to expand the development of tumor-recognizing taxanes, paclitaxel (PTX, taxol) was conjugated to the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibody (MAb) Erbitux (C225) to serve as a model MAb-mediated drug delivery compound. Thus, paclitaxel was derivatized at its 2'-hydroxy function by introduction of a succinate linker, and the carboxyl group of the latter was covalently attached to C225 through amide bond formation. The final product conjugate (PTXC225) was analyzed mass spectrometrically for assessment of the drug-to-antibody ratios. Cytotoxicity screening of the drug-antibody conjugate against A431, UM-SCC-1, and UM-SCC-6 cells indicated an enhancement in cytocidal effect of paclitaxel as compared to those of the free drug, the intact antibody, and a physical mixture of the two (the controls). In A431 cells, the conjugate showed 25.2% +/- 2.2% of apoptosis induction as compared to little or no apoptosis caused by the controls. Biodistribution analysis of the PTXC225 in tumor-implanted nude mice and a tyrosine-kinase assay showed that conjugation of the drug did not interfere with the immunoreactivity of the antibody. The 24-h tumor uptake of C225 and PTXC225 were 11.7% +/- 6.0% and 7.1% +/- 3.6% of the injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), respectively, which were not significantly different. Also, in A431-implanted nude mice, the conjugate and C225 showed tumor growth inhibition effects of 57.2% and 41.2%, respectively, against a saline-treated control, which were not significantly different from each other. This lack of difference in the in vivo antitumor activity of the MAb-delivered drug and free PTX may be due to either a relatively low dose of the antibody-delivered drug (346 microg/kg), or an untimely release of it, or both. The tumor growth inhibition pattern of the conjugate, however, was identical to that of C225, indicating that the attachment of PTX did not affect the antigen-binding and growth inhibitory features of the MAb. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of tumor-targeted delivery of taxol as a promising strategy in cancer treatment and warrant further work to develop more suitable drug-MAb linkers as well as improved dosage and treatment protocols.
WIRELESS HAND GESTURE ROBOT USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (2017)

To build RF based hand gesture robot which can be controlled through RF technology, where the decision of the gesture will be taken on behalf of image processing in MATLAB. To control the motion of the robot i.e. moving forward, moving backward, moving left and moving right. Moreover the information regarding direction will also be displayed on the transmitter end. In this system microcontroller is used as a central part to control the movement and direction of the Robot. The movement of the robot is controlled by hand gesture, the robot moves at a particular direction where hand gives a gesture. In this system for the detection of hand movement, DIP(digital image processing) tool is used which detect the hand and give information to the microcontroller which gives command to the transmitter. The transmitter transmits the desire signal to receiver side. The receiver gives command to microcontroller on the receiver side and the robot moves toward the desire place or direction.
Programmable Exposure of Pt Active Facets for Efficient Oxygen Reduction (2019)

To produce efficient ORR catalysts with low Pt content, PtNi porous films (PFs) with sufficiently exposed Pt active sites were designed by an approach combining electrochemical bottom-up (electrodeposition) and top-down (anodization) processes. The dynamic oxygen-bubble template (DOBT) programmably controlled by a square-wave potential was used to tune the catalyst morphology and expose Pt active facets in PtNi PFs. Surface-bounded species, such as hydroxyl (OH<sup>*</sup> , *=surface site) on the exposed PtNi PFs surfaces were adjusted by the applied anodic voltage, further affecting the dynamic oxygen (O<sub>2</sub> ) bubbles adsorption on Pt. As a result, PtNi PF with enriched Pt(111) facets (denoted as Pt<sub>3.5 %</sub> Ni PF) was obtained, showing prominent ORR activity with an onset potential of 0.92 V (vs. RHE) at an ultra-low Pt loading (0.015 mg cm<sup>-2</sup> ).
Efficient syntheses of pillar[6]arene-based hetero[4]rotaxanes using a cooperative capture strategy (2014)

While a single pillar[6]arene ring, nestling between two cucurbit[6]uril rings in a series of three hetero[4]rotaxanes, is conformationally mobile in solution, it adopts the energetically most favourable conformation with local C3V symmetry in the solid state.
A reconfigurable robotic exploratory vehicle for navigation on rough terrain (2003)

This paper discusses the development of a new family of reconfigurable robotic vehicles for use in exploration of the surfaces of Mars and other remote planets.
Viral genetic determinants of T-cell killing and immunodeficiency disease induction by the feline leukemia virus FeLV-FAIDS (1991)

Within the fatal immunodeficiency disease-inducing strain of feline leukemia virus, FeLV-FAIDS, are viruses which range in pathogenicity from minimally (clone 61E is the prototype) to acutely pathogenic, most of the latter of which are also replication defective (clone 61C is the prototype). Mixtures of 61E and 61C virus and chimeras generated between them, but not 61E alone, killed feline T cells. T-cell killing depended on changes within a 7-amino-acid region near the C terminus of the gp70 env gene or was achieved independently by changes within a 109-amino-acid region encompassing the N terminus of gp70. The carboxy-terminal change was also sufficient for induction of fatal immunodeficiency disease in cats. Other changes within the 61C gp70 gene enhanced T-cell killing, as did changes in the long terminal repeat, the latter of which also enhanced virus replication. T-cell killing correlated with high levels of intracellular unintegrated and proviral DNA, all of which were blocked by treatment of infected cells with sera from 61C-immune cats or with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. These findings indicate that T-cell killing is a consequence of superinfection and that the mutations in env critical to pathogenicity of the immunosuppressive variant result in a failure to establish superinfection interference in infected cells.
Effects of the bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9[Leu8]bradykinin and genetic disruption of the B2 receptor on nociception in rats and mice (1997)

The contributions of B1 and B2 bradykinin receptors to acute and chronic inflammatory hyperalgesia were examined using the peptide B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9[Leu8]bradykinin and transgenic Bk2r-/- mice. In normal rats and mice, des-Arg9[Leu8]bradykinin (30 nmol/kg i.v. or s.c.) inhibited carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and the late phase nociceptive response to formalin. The active dose range was narrow, suggesting partial agonist activity of this peptide. In rats with monoarthritis, des-Arg9[Leu8]bradykinin (up to 30 nmol/kg i.v.) failed to reduce the number of vocalisations elicited by gentle flexion and extension of the inflamed limb; however, hyperalgesia was exacerbated by administration of the B1 receptor agonist des-[Arg9]bradykinin (100 nmol/kg i.v.), consistent with other evidence for local induction of B1 receptors during adjuvant-induced arthritis. The nociceptive response to intraplantar injection of bradykinin (10 nmol) and hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan (0.6 mg) were absent in Bk2r-/- mice, indicating that stimulation of B2 receptors is an essential step in the initiation of some nociceptive and inflammatory reactions. However, the nociceptive response to formalin (2.5% intraplantar), including inhibition of the late phase by des-Arg9[Leu8]bradykinin (0.3 nmol), and induction of thermal hyperalgesia by Freund's adjuvant (0.1%) appeared intact in Bk2r-/- mice. These findings support other evidence for an involvement of B1 receptors in inflammatory hyperalgesia and suggest that B1 receptor antagonists may be clinically useful as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs.
A Preparation of Aroyl and Acyl Formamidinium Salts (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Preparation of Aroyl and Acyl Formamidinium SaltsHerman FinkbeinerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 8, 2861–2862Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01019a523https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01019a523research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A low-distortion 230 W GaAs power FP-HFET operated at 22 V for cellular base station (2002)

This paper describes a successfully developed L-band depletion-mode GaAs-based heterostructure FET (HFET) with a field-modulating plate (FP) for cellular base station applications. The FP-HFET power amplifier, consisting of four 86.4 mm gate-width chips, delivered a 53.6 dBm (230 W) output power at 2.1 GHz with 11 dB linear gain and 42% PAE operated at a drain bias of 22 V. A low adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACPR) of -35 dBc with 25% PAE was obtained at an output power of 46 dBm, indicating superior linearity characteristics under elevated drain bias conditions. The device also exhibited a record saturated power density of 0.67 W/mm.
Studies of the Production of Fungal Polyketides in<i>Aspergillus nidulans</i>by Using Systems Biology Tools (2009)

Many filamentous fungi produce polyketide molecules with great significance as human pharmaceuticals; these molecules include the cholesterol-lowering compound lovastatin, which was originally isolated from Aspergillus terreus. The chemical diversity and potential uses of these compounds are virtually unlimited, and it is thus of great interest to develop a well-described microbial production platform for polyketides. Using genetic engineering tools available for the model organism Aspergillus nidulans, we constructed two recombinant strains, one expressing the Penicillium griseofulvum 6-methylsalicylic acid (6-MSA) synthase gene and one expressing the 6-MSA synthase gene and overexpressing the native xylulose-5-phosphate phosphoketolase gene (xpkA) for increasing the pool of polyketide precursor levels. The physiology of the recombinant strains and that of a reference wild-type strain were characterized on glucose, xylose, glycerol, and ethanol media in controlled bioreactors. Glucose was found to be the preferred carbon source for 6-MSA production, and 6-MSA concentrations up to 455 mg/liter were obtained for the recombinant strain harboring the 6-MSA gene. Our findings indicate that overexpression of xpkA does not directly improve 6-MSA production on glucose, but it is possible, if the metabolic flux through the lower part of glycolysis is reduced, to obtain quite high yields for conversion of sugar to 6-MSA. Systems biology tools were employed for in-depth analysis of the metabolic processes. Transcriptome analysis of 6-MSA-producing strains grown on glucose and xylose in the presence and absence of xpkA overexpression, combined with flux and physiology data, enabled us to propose an xpkA-msaS interaction model describing the competition between biomass formation and 6-MSA production for the available acetyl coenzyme A.
Mechanism of action of the cro protein of bacteriophage lambda. (1978)

The mechanism of action of cro protein was probed by measuring its ability to protect DNA against methylation by dimethyl sulfate and its effect on transcription in vitro. The cro protein binds to the same three sites in the right operator (OR) of bacteriophage lambda DNA as does the lambda repressor. Dimethyl sulfate protection experiments reveal major groove contacts for both proteins, and cro protein protects from methylation a subset of those purines protected by lambda repressor. These experiments also show that the relative affinity of these two proteins for the three operator sites is different: whereas lambda repressor binds with an affinity OR1 greater than OR2 greater than OR3, the order for cro protein is OR3 greater than (OR1, OR2). As predicted by these results, cro protein, like the lambda repressor, blocks in vitro transcription of cI and cro from the two divergent promoters that overlap OR. Also as predicted, transcription of cI is turned off at lower cro protein concentrations than is transcription of cro, whereas the opposite order of repression is obtained with lambda repressor. These results describe the molecular mechanism of cro protein action and show that two regulatory proteins can bind to the same three adjacent sites in DNA with markedly different consequences.
Git on the cloud in the classroom (2013)

Numerous CS faculty have demonstrated the benefits of using version control in courses other than software engineering. However, they maintained their own servers, and to the best of our knowledge, none published experiences with version control in CS1 courses for non-CS engineering majors. As a result, even faculty experienced with version control may hesitate to adopt it in some classes, fearing that it is too difficult, time consuming or distracting. In this paper, we describe how we adopted version control in a CS1 course for non-CS engineering majors, and how software hosting services facilitated its use. Our experience indicates that undergraduate engineering majors in CS courses can gain competence in version control, and software hosting services simplify class administration.
DC–DC Converters Using Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors for Mobile Display Applications (2010)

DC–DC converters integrated into a panel are proposed for mobile display applications using indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs). The proposed positive DC–DC converter uses cross-coupled and diode-connected structures for a high output voltage and a high power efficiency, while the proposed negative DC–DC converter uses also a cross-coupled structure but with separated pumping capacitors for a negative output voltage and a high power efficiency. The simulated results show that the output voltage and power efficiency are 21.3 V and 69.5% for the positive DC–DC converter and -5.1 V and 56.1% for the negative DC–DC converter, respectively, at a supply voltage of 10 V and a load current of 250 µA. The measured results show that the output voltage and power efficiency of the proposed positive DC–DC converter are 20.8 V and 66.6%, respectively, under the same conditions as those for the simulated results.
I. Einleitung (2019)

Dieses Lehr- und Studienbuch trägt der zunehmenden Bedeutung des Internationalen Privatrechts als Folge von Internationalisierung, Globalisierung und Migration Rechnung. Es stellt alle Entwicklungen auf europäischer und deutscher Ebene wissenschaftlich vertieft dar. Beispiele und ausführliche Darstellungen von Streitständen mit umfassenden, auch internationalen Literaturangaben machen es für Studierende, Praktiker und Wissenschaftler gleichermaßen interessant. Behandelt werden:
The Effect of Mercuric Iodide and Ammonium Chloride on Glass (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Mercuric Iodide and Ammonium Chloride on GlassClara E. MillerClara E. MillerMore by Clara E. MillerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1931, 35, 10, 2985–2992Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1931https://doi.org/10.1021/j150328a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (390 KB) Get e-Alerts
Testosterone Replacement and Resistance Exercise in HIV-Infected Men With Weight Loss and Low Testosterone Levels (2000)

Our data suggest that testosterone and resistance exercise promote gains in body weight, muscle mass, muscle strength, and lean body mass in HIV-infected men with weight loss and low testosterone levels. Testosterone and exercise together did not produce greater gains than either intervention alone.
Synthesis of three substituted aminochloropropanes (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of three substituted aminochloropropanesRolf Paul, Richard P. Williams, and Elliott CohenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 11, 1653–1656Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00899a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00899a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views394Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance of a new rate-nephelometric assay for rheumatoid factor, and its correlation with tube-titer results for human sera and synovial fluid. (1982)

We evaluated a rate-nephelometric assay for rheumatoid factor (RF), as developed for use with the Beckman Immunochemistry System (ICS). Within- run precision (CV) for low-, mid-, and high-dilution samples (60-400 kilo-int. units/L) was 3.5, 1.5, and 1.6%; between-run precision was 3.4%. Analytical linearity was excellent. Biological interference resulted in some degree of nonlinearity in more than 70% of the patients' samples tested. Sensitivities were 96.5 and 94.1% and specificities were 98.5 and 95.3% for the ICS RF and Wampole slide methods, respectively, for a clinically defined population of 170 patients. Results for 100 ICS RF-positive samples correlated well with concomitantly measured Calbiochem-Behring tube-titers. Weekly measurement of Calbiochem-Behring. Hyland Diagnostics, and ICL Scientific tube-titer values for RF along with the ICS RF values on samples from the same patients indicated stable ICS RF values but showed at least +/- 1 tube dilution variances both within and between the tube-titer methods. Therefore, it may not be appropriate to compare a precise new method with a relatively imprecise comparison method. Treatment of RF-positive samples with dithiothreitol, which disrupts the pentameric character of immunoglobulin M, rendered the samples negative by repeat ICS RF assay and confirmed the method's specificity for pentameric immunoglobulin M-RF. Serum RF concentration as determined by ICS paralleled changes in clinical symptoms in a patient treated with both effective and relatively ineffective regimens, which suggests a useful role for the assay in monitoring efficacy of clinical treatment.
Chemical modification of the histidine residue in phospholipase A2 (Naja naja naja). A case of half-site reactivity. (1977)

Reaction of phospholipase A2 (Naja naja naja) with p-bromophenacyl bromidine leads to almost complete loss of enzymatic activity. The rate of inactivation is pH-dependent with pKa equals 6.9 for the ionizing residue. p-Bromophenacyl bromide modifies 0.5 mol of histidine/mol of enzyme as judged by amino acid analysis and incorporation studies with 14C-labeled reagent. The rate of inactivation is affected by various cations; a saturating concentration of Ca2+ decreases the rate 5-fold, while Mn2+ increases the rate by a factor of 2. Triton X-100, which by itself has little affinity for the enzyme, protects against inactivation, presumably by sequestering p-bromophenacyl bromide into the apolar micellar core. The mixed micelle system of Triton X-100, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, and Ba2+ offers the best protection, lowering the inactivation rate by at least 50-fold. This suggests an active site role for the histidine residue. Ethoxyformic anhydride also modifies phospholipase A2, by acylation of the two amino groups, a tyrosine, and 0.5 mol of histidine/mol of enzyme without totally inactivating the enzyme. Removal of the ethoxyformyl group from the histidine does not reactivate the enzyme. Thus, modification of 0.5 mol of histidine with this reagent is not responsible for the 85% loss of activity seen. Ethoxyformylated enzyme, with 0.5 mol of acylated histidine/mol of enzyme, can be further inactivated by treatment with p-bromophenacyl bromide. The resulting derivative contains 0.4 mol of the 14C-labeled p-bromophenacyl group. Other modifiable groups do not show this half-residue reactivity. For example, oxidation of phospholipase A2 with N-bromosuccinimide leads to rapid destruction of 1.0 tryptophan residue and 5% residual activity. The results of these chemical modification experiments can be interpreted in terms of a model in which the active species of enzyme interacting with mixed micelles is a dimer (or possibly higher order aggregate). The dimer, though composed of identical subunits, is asymmetric; the histidine of one subunit is accessible to ethoxyformic anhydride, while the other histidine is near a hydrophobic region of the enzyme and is chemically reactive toward p-bromophenacyl bromide.