gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General synthetic system for 1,2,5-thiadiazoles (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral synthetic system for 1,2,5-thiadiazolesLeonard M. Weinstock, Paul Davis, Barry Handelsman, and Roger J. TullCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 9, 2823–2829Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01284a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01284a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1870Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BASIC PROCESSES UNDERLYING <i>AGROBACTERIUM</i>-MEDIATED DNA TRANSFER TO PLANT CELLS (1988)

Article de synthese sur les processus de transformation des cellules vegetales par l'ADN-T du plasmide Tc des souches d'Agrobacterium, reconnaissance cellulaire et developpement du phenotype de galle en couronne
Correlation of Odor Intensities and Vapor Pressures with Structural Properties of Odorants (1977)

The relationship of perceived odor intensity to the concentration of odorants in headspace samples of various materials tends to follow a similar mathematical function but with different coefficients for different odorants. The task of obtaining experimental data for all compounds of interest would be overwhelming. It is desirable, therefore, to evolve procedures which would enable generalization and estimation of these coefficients from some molecular properties. (1,2) The most readily accessible properties are those derivable from the structural chemical formulas of the compounds. Attempts in this direction achieved some success (3) but were obtained for a relatively narrow selection of compounds. The present study expands odor data to include a more diversified selection of odorants. Furthermore, the properties derivable from the molecular structures were selected in such a way that they could be inventoried directly from inspection of the one-line Wiswesser notation formulas of compounds. Such formulas utilize specific symbols for
Modified Time-Dependent Penetration Length and Inlet Pressure Field in Rectangular and Cylindrical Channel Flows Driven by Non-Mechanical Forces (2011)

In this paper, we derive the governing equation for the time dependent penetration length of a fluid column in rectangular and cylindrical channels under the action of nonmechanical forces like capillary or electro-osmotic force. For this purpose, first we obtain the velocity profile for unidirectional unsteady flow by satisfying momentum equation in differential form. Then, we relate the rate of change of penetration length with volume flux to obtain the governing equation of the penetration length. As the velocity profile is exact, the analysis is devoid of any mathematical error. As a result, the theoretical results are valid irrespective of the Reynolds number of the system as long as the flow inside the cylindrical or rectangular conduit is laminar. We then use the new expressions of velocity fields of respective conduits to derive a more accurate expression of the entrance pressure by using a hemispherical model for the control volume for finite aspect ratio. As these channels are very common, our governing equations for penetration length will have a wide range of applicability. These applications especially include creeping flow in micro fluidic domain for which we have a simplified version of the derived equation.
Modeling of dry development in bilayer-resist process for 140-nm contact hole patterning (2002)

The dry development process using SO/sub 2/-containing plasma for 140-nm hole patterning in a bilayer-resist system was described by a neural network technique in conjunction with a statistical modeling method. The SO/sub 2/ addition into O/sub 2/ plasma gave the enhanced anisotropy of 140-nm holes. However, defect (polymeric residue) generation at wide-open areas has been observed as a side effect, driving the need for an accurate model to optimize the process. Empirical nonlinear modeling using neural networks was conducted on the basis of data obtained from statistically designed experiments to investigate the effects of relevant parameters (chamber pressure, plasma-source (TCP) power, bias (bottom power), and O/sub 2/-SO/sub 2/ flow rate ratio) on defect (polymeric residue) generation and the anisotropy. The authors have found that the reduction of chamber pressure to 10 mT allows independent control of anisotropy and the defect generation. In addition, neural network modeling in a Bayesian framework gives superior accuracy (R/sup 2/: /spl ges/0.9) over statistical modeling using limited experimental data and requires fewer training data to accurately describe the process.
Gap state distribution in amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide films deduced from photothermal deflection spectroscopy (2002)

The density of gap states distribution in silicon (Si) rich hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si1−xCx:H) films with varying carbon (C) fraction (x) is investigated by the photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS). The films are grown using the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapor Deposition (ECR-CVD) technique. By using different methane-to-silane gas flow ratios, a-Si1−xCx:H with x ranging from 0 to 0.36 are obtained. A deconvolution procedure is performed based on a proposed DOS model for these Si rich a-Si1−xCx:H. Good fits between the simulated and experimental spectra are achieved, thus rendering support to the model proposed. Deduction of the DOS enables us to obtain various parameters, including the optical gap and the valence band tail width. The fitted mobility gap Eg is found to be well correlated to the Tauc gap Etauc and E04 gap deduced from the optical absorption spectra. A correlation is also seen between the fitted valence band tail width Evu, the Urbach energy Eu and the defect density. All these parameters are seen to increase with C alloying. A shift in the defect energy level in the midgap with increasing C incorporation is observed, together with a broadening of the defect distribution and a stronger correlation between the defect bands, which can be accounted for in terms of the influence of C dangling bonds on the deep defect density distribution.
Somatic-cell selection is a major determinant of the blood-cell phenotype in heterozygotes for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations causing severe enzyme deficiency. (1996)

X-chromosome inactivation in mammals is regarded as an essentially random process, but the resulting somatic-cell mosaicism creates the opportunity for cell selection. In most people with red-blood-cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, the enzyme-deficient phenotype is only moderately expressed in nucleated cells. However, in a small subset of hemizygous males who suffer from chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, the underlying mutations (designated class I) cause more-severe G6PD deficiency, and this might provide an opportunity for selection in heterozygous females during development. In order to test this possibility we have analyzed four heterozygotes for class I G6PD mutations: two with G6PD Portici (1178G-->A) and two with G6PD Bari (1187C-->T). We found that in fractionated blood cell types (including erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cell lineages) there was a significant excess of G6PD-normal cells. The significant concordance that we have observed in the degree of imbalance in the different blood-cell lineages indicates that a selective mechanism is likely to operate at the level of pluripotent blood stem cells. Thus, it appears that severe G6PD deficiency affects adversely the proliferation or the survival of nucleated blood cells and that this phenotypic characteristic is critical during hematopoiesis.
High−sensitivity optical recording in KTN by two−photon absorption (1975)

Birefringence changes are induced in a cubic potassium tantalate niobate crystal with an external electric field by two−photon absorption of picosecond optical pulses. The recording sensitivity of 100 μJ/cm2 for elementary holograms with a few percent reconstruction efficiency is comparable to the sensitivity of holographic silver halide emulsions. The high sensitivity of KTN is shown to be due to efficient charge transport of photoexcited carriers.
Isolation of Circulating MicroRNA Associated with RNA-Binding Protein (2013)

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently detected in extracellular body fluids and proved themselves as promising biomarkers for a broad spectrum of diseases. The techniques to isolate, detect, and characterize extracellular miRNAs vary significantly from report to report. In this chapter we describe a consistent, efficient and highly reproducible protocol for isolation and detection of microvesicles-free circulating miRNA from human blood plasma or cell culture media. Furthermore, since exosomes-free circulating miRNAs are associated with Argonaut proteins (the same proteins to which miRNAs are bound inside the cell), we provide a protocol for immunoprecipitation of AGO2 associated miRNAs.
CD13/APN is activated by angiogenic signals and is essential for capillary tube formation (2001)

In the hematopoietic compartment, the CD13/APN metalloprotease is one of the earliest markers of cells committed to the myeloid lineage where it is expressed exclusively on the surface of myeloid progenitors and their differentiated progeny. CD13/APN is also found in nonhematopoietic tissues, and its novel expression on the endothelial cells of angiogenic, but not normal, vasculature was recently described. Treatment of animals with CD13/APN inhibitors significantly impaired retinal neovascularization, chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis, and xenograft tumor growth, indicating that CD13/APN plays an important functional role in vasculogenesis and identifying it as a critical regulator of angiogenesis. To investigate the mechanisms of CD13/APN induction in tumor vasculature, the regulation of CD13/APN by factors contributing to angiogenic progression was studied. In this report, it is shown that endogenous CD13/APN levels in primary cells and cell lines are up-regulated in response to hypoxia, angiogenic growth factors, and signals regulating capillary tube formation during angiogenesis. Transcription of reporter plasmids containing CD13/APN proximal promoter sequences is significantly increased in response to the same angiogenic signals that regulate the expression of the endogenous gene and in human tumor xenografts, indicating that this fragment contains elements essential for the angiogenic induction of CD13/APN expression. Finally, functional antagonists of CD13/APN interfere with tube formation but not proliferation of primary vascular endothelial cells, suggesting that CD13/APN functions in the control of endothelial cell morphogenesis. These studies clearly establish the CD13/APN metalloprotease as an important regulator of endothelial morphogenesis during angiogenesis.
Bortezomib Inhibits Cell-Cell Adhesion and Cell Migration and Enhances Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor–Induced Cell Death in Squamous Cell Cancer (2007)

The lack of cell-cell adhesion and increased migration are key characteristics of cancer cells. The loss of expression of cell adhesion components and overexpression of components critical for cell migration, such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), correlate with poor prognosis. Because alteration of protein turnover affects the expression levels and, in turn, may influence protein function, we investigated the effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib on cell adhesion and migration in oral squamous cell cancer cell lines SCC68 and SCC15. Following treatment with bortezomib, protein levels of adherens junction components such as E-cadherin were unchanged. The desmosomal linker protein desmoplakin level was increased, whereas the protein level of the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein 2, was diminished. Reduced desmoglein 2 levels correlated with the diminished strength of mechanical cell-cell adhesion. The protein level of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) increased after proteasome inhibition and EGFR inhibition with the EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor PKI166 was able to restore cell-cell adhesion. Furthermore, we found that the combination of PKI166 with bortezomib enhanced the rate of cell death. Although the FAK protein level was unchanged following bortezomib treatment, recruitment of FAK phosphorylated at tyrosine residue 397 to the periphery of the cell was induced. Migration was reduced following treatment with bortezomib, which could potentially be explained by a prominent but disorganized actin fiber network revealed through immunofluorescence. Collectively, our results suggest that proteasome inhibition using bortezomib affects cell adhesion and cell migration profoundly and provides a rationale for its clinical use in conjunction with an EGFR inhibitor.
Thermorheological Behavior of Various Long-Chain Branched Polyethylenes (2008)

To analyze the thermorheological behavior of various polyethylenes, the relaxation spectra were shifted. Not only linear and short-chain branched PE but also the classical high-pressure LDPE were found to be thermorheologically simple, i.e., the activation energy Ea is independent of the relaxation strength or the relaxation time, respectively. However, for the long-chain branched metallocene catalyzed polyethylenes investigated a significant dependence of the activation energy Ea on the relaxation time is detected. At shorter relaxation times Ea is very close to that of linear PE, but it increases with longer times. The lower Ea values are assumed to be due to linear molecules and the higher ones to different species of long-chain branched molecules. These findings offer the possibility to use the analysis of the thermorheological complexity to get an insight into the branching structure of polyethylenes. For the LCB−mPE investigated, it can be concluded that they are a mixture of linear and long-chain branched chains.
1,2,4‐Triazoles. XXV. The effect of pyridine substitution on the isomerization of <i>s</i>‐Triazolo[4,3‐<i>a</i>] pyridines into <i>s</i>‐Triazolo[1,5‐<i>a</i>] pyridines (1970)

Abstract The isomerization of s ‐triazolo[4,3‐ a ]pyridines into s ‐triazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyridines is greatly facilitated by electron withdrawing nitro substituents in the pyridine ring and retarded by electron donating amino groups.
Enediols. VII.<sup>1</sup> Bromostilbenediols (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnediols. VII.1 BromostilbenediolsReynold C. Fuson, S. L. Scott, and R. V. Lindsey Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 6, 1679–1682Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01851a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01851a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Psycotherapeutic Possibilities of New Fantasy-Enhancing Drugs (1969)

(1969). Psycotherapeutic Possibilities of New Fantasy-Enhancing Drugs. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 209-224.
Pacing Threshold Interval with Decreasing and Increasing Output (1982)

The study was made in 44 patients, of which 23 received a new endocardial electrode and 21 were investigated during pulse-generator replacement. Indication for pacemaker therapy was sino-atrial bradycardia in 12 patients and atrio-ventricular block in 32 patients. When the pacing threshold was determined with decreasing output it was found to be 0.6V/0.7 mA for new implantations and 2.0 V/2.0 mA with pulse generator replacement. When determined with increasing output the threshold was found to be an average 0.20 V/0.20 mA higher than when determined with decreasing output (threshold interval). The maximal difference observed was 0.70 V/0.55 mA. This threshold interval was of the same size irrespective of pacemaker indication and spontaneous activity and whether the electrode was newly implanted or not. Pacemaker ventricular block of Mobitz type I with Wenckebach periodicity was never observed.
Collaboration of helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1993)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are major effector cells in response to viral infections and in allograft rejection and are implicated in many other immunological reactions. Efficient induction of cytotoxic activity in these cells in many but not all cases depends upon helper T and antigen-presenting cells so that at least three different cell types have to work together. Here we present an in vitro model for the helper T cell-dependent induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes which allows the investigation of the collaboration of helper and cytotoxic T cells. First results demonstrate that linkage of helper and killer epitopes on the surface of one antigen-presenting cell is a prerequisite for productive interaction between the two T cells that results in induction of cytolytic activity. T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells are equally efficient. The crucial roles of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma in this process were confirmed. Activated CD4 cells can influence cytotoxic T lymphocytes in such a way that they produce interferon-gamma independent from recognition of cognate peptide. The possibility of direct T-T contacts mediated by adhesion molecules that promote collaboration of the two cells is discussed.
Achieving accuracy and scalability simultaneously in detecting application clones on Android markets (2014)

Besides traditional problems such as potential bugs, (smartphone) application clones on Android markets bring new threats. That is, attackers clone the code from legitimate Android applications, assemble it with malicious code or advertisements, and publish these ``purpose-added" app clones on the same or other markets for benefits. Three inherent and unique characteristics make app clones difficult to detect by existing techniques: a billion opcode problem caused by cross-market publishing, gap between code clones and app clones, and prevalent Type 2 and Type 3 clones.
A fast, accurate and simple critical path monitor for improving energy-delay product in DVS systems (2011)

This paper introduces a design scheme that improves Energy-Delay Product (EDP) in conventional Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) systems by exploiting timing margins. To achieve this scheme, we designed a high-speed Critical Path Monitor composed of several Critical Path Replicas, a Timing Checker, and a Toggle Flip-Flop. The replicas are implemented based on our proposed algorithm, which considers the following two facts: (a) the voltage scaling behavior of logic and interconnect are fundamentally different; (b) various logic gates show different sensitivity in regard to process, temperature, as well as voltage changes. Because the replicas are connected in parallel by C-elements, the longest delay selection among all of the replica delays is performed automatically, improving the system response time. If the utilizable margin is detected by the Timing Checker, the frequency controller increases system clock frequency in order to improve performance at a given voltage level. In this paper, using 45nm CMOS technology, we implemented a 32-bit MIPS processor and multiple Critical Path Monitors. The simulation results reveal that our scheme can improve EDP of the conventional DVS by up to 62%.
[4 + 2]-Cycloadditions of 3-amino-4-imino-4H-thieno[3,4-c][1]benzopyran with some selected dienophiles (1994)

3-Amino-4-imino-4H-thieno[3,4-c][1]benzopyran 1 adds dimethyl maleate 2 and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate 6 in a [4 + 2] mode across the thiophene ring and reacts with 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone 12 by substitution of both chlorine atoms. All primary adducts, 3, 7 and 13, however, are unstable under the reaction conditions. The structures of the final products 4, 10 and 15 have been assigned from their spectral data and their formation has been rationalized in terms of transformations available to the assumed primary products.
Glycolic acid modulates the mechanical property and degradation of poly(glycerol, sebacate, glycolic acid) (2009)

The development of biodegradable materials with controllable degradation properties is beneficial for a variety of applications. Poly(glycerol-sebacate) (PGS) is a promising candidate of biomaterials; so we synthesize a series of poly(glycerol, sebacate, glycolic acid) (PGSG) with 1:2:0, 1:2:0.2, 1:2:0.4, 1:2:0.6, 1:2:1 mole ratio of glycerol, sebacate, and glycolic acid to elucidate the relation of doped glycolic acid to the degradation rate and mechanical properties. The microstructures of the polymers with different doping of glycolic acid were dissimilar. PGSG with glycolic acid in the ratio of 0.2 displayed an integral degree of ordering, different to those with glycolic acid in the ratio of 0, 0.4, 0.6, and 1, which showed mild phase separation structure. The number, DeltaH(m), and temperature of the PGSG melting peaks tended to decrease with the increasing ratio of doped glycolic acid. In vitro and in vivo degradation tests showed that the degradation rate of PGSG with glycolic acid in the ratio of 0.2 was slowest, but in the ratio range of 0, 0.4, and 0.6, the degradation rate increased with the increase of glycolic acid. All PGSG samples displayed good tissue response and anticoagulant effects. Our data suggest that doping glycolic acid can modulate the microstructure and degree of crosslinking of PGS, thereby control the degradation rate of PGS.