gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel poly(amino ester)s obtained from Michael addition polymerizations of trifunctional amine monomers with diacrylates: safe and efficient DNA carriersElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: synthesis procedure, NMR spectra, and experimental protocols. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b309487a/ (2003)

Novel biodegradable poly(amino ester)s containing secondary and tertiary amines in the backbones were obtained from the Michael addition polymerizations of trifunctional amine monomers with diacrylates, and showed high transfection efficiency for the delivery of DNA comparable to those of polyethylenimine (PEI) and low cytotoxicity.
Modulation properties of VCSEL with intracavity modulator (2007)

We have studied the modulation properties of VCSEL with intracavity multiple quantum well (MQW) electroabsorption modulator integrated into the top distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) [1]. Small signal analysis of rate equations for loss modulation shows an intrinsic high-frequency roll-off slope of 1/&ohgr; instead of 1/&ohgr;<sup>2</sup> in directly modulated laser diodes, and consequently bandwidths in excess of 40 GHz are obtainable with this configuration [2]. Possible limiting factors to high bandwidth were examined by fitting high frequency characteristics to a multi-pole transfer function, and include RC delay and carrier drift-limited time of flight (TOF) in the modulator intrinsic region. Intracavity loss modulation shows a strong (+20dB) relaxation oscillation resonant feature in both theory and experiment. As demonstrated, this feature can be significantly reduced in amplitude using parasitics. We have extracted relative contribution of TOF and parasitic capacitance by varying the modulator intrinsic region width (105 and 210 nm) and lateral size of the modulator (18 and 12&mgr;m). It was estimated that the small size modulator exhibits parasitics <i>f</i><sub>-3dB</sub> at 8GHz. To estimate the carrier TOF contribution to bandwidth limits, low temperature growth of a 210 nm absorber i-region and MQW was employed to reduce photogenerated carrier lifetime. Bandwidth limitations were found to be mostly due to diode and metallization capacitances, in addition to one pole set by the optoelectronic resonance frequency. We have used p-modulation doping of the gain region to increase the relaxation frequency. Pronounced active Q-switching was observed, yielding pulse widths of 40 ps at a 4 GHz rate.
Immunotherapy of cancer by antisense inhibition of Ii protein, an immunoregulator of antigen selection by MHC class II molecules. (2004)

Ii protein suppression is a promising antisense drug-based therapy that dramatically enhances the immunogenicity of tumor cell major histocompatibility complex class II-presented antigenic epitopes. The strength of this approach is that the antisense only needs to be transiently effective in a fraction of the tumor cells. The systemic antitumor immune response generated subsequently eradicates both directly treated cells and distant tumor deposits. The drugs and mechanisms of this therapy are considered, in addition to practical developmental questions.
The composite Corethane/Dacron vascular prosthesis. Canine in vivo evaluation of 4 mm diameter grafts with 1 year follow-up. (1992)

Polyurethane vascular prostheses offer the potential of superior thromboresistance and reduced anastomotic hyperplasia compared to existing Dacron and ePTFE alternatives, but have suffered from susceptibility to biodegradation, with resulting mechanical failure. To address this problem, the authors have developed and evaluated a composite prosthesis comprised of: 1) an inner blood interfacing elastomeric porous membrane made from Corethane, a proprietary Shore 80A polyurethane like material substantially devoid of ether/ester linkages, with superior biostability over conventional polyether urethanes, spun into a nonwoven structure with fiber diameters 10-15 microns and pore sizes 30-60 microns filled with gelatin +/- heparin; and 2) an outer soft, tissue interfacing, warp knitted Dacron mesh bonded to the inner layer to assure long-term dimensional stability. Twenty 4 mm ID x 5 cm L composite prostheses, half with heparinized gelatin (the remainder nonheparinized) were implanted as femoral interposition grafts in 10 dogs. Four of the 10 nonheparinized grafts occluded. All 10 with heparin remained widely patent, with two explanted at 6 months showing vascularized connective tissue growth through the graft, in contrast to the giant cell inflammatory response to the Dacron mesh, with a substantially endothelialized neointima and no Corethane biodegradation. Of the 10 patent grafts at 1 year follow-up, none showed aneurysm formation. This vascular prosthesis provides compliance superior to ePTFE and Dacron alternatives, with excellent suture retention and good kink resistance, while combining the superior thromboresistance and tissue ingrowth properties of polyurethanes with the proven biostability of Dacron.
Intranasal lipopeptide primes lung‐resident memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells for long‐term pulmonary protection against influenza (2006)

The longevity of the influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cell response following intranasal delivery of a synthetic lipopeptide was investigated and the characteristics and location of the cells associated with viral clearance examined. The lipopeptide, incorporating an epitope for CD8+ T cells and another for CD4+ T cells with the lipid moiety S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl]cysteine (Pam2Cys) attached, induced potent and long-lived pulmonary protection. Both the lipopeptide and its largely unprotective non-lipidated counterpart elicited comparable numbers of CD8+ T cells in the spleen, which was the main location of the memory pool. However, the lipopeptide, unlike the non-lipidated peptide, also induced a substantial memory population that remained in the lungs and was rapidly activated upon viral challenge months later. These lipopeptide-induced lung-resident CD8+ T cells were also very similar in number and IFN-gamma-secreting potential to those induced by prior exposure to the virus itself and are likely mediators of initial viral clearance prior to recruitment from the expanding lymph node T cell pool. Significant clearing responses were demonstrated as late as 9 months post-lipopeptide vaccination. This study shows that CD8+ T cells primed by the lipopeptide are not only long-lived but can take up residence in the lung where they are important early mediators of pulmonary protection.
Data transmission over voice dedicated channels using digital modulations (2008)

With the actual expansion in communication systems, data channels are taking more importance, especially in mobile data networks. But in some cases the transmission over data channels is not possible or not convenient, which makes the data transmission over voice channel an interesting alternative. Firstly, the operators of mobile phone networks (GSM, GPRS) tend to limit the access to the Internet in order to prevent Voice over IP (VoIP) for economical reasons. Secondly, the cross- networks bridges used in VoIP (VoIP-ISDN, VoIP-GSM, VoIP-PSTN) give an opportunity to transmit data over this voice channel without any additional data bridges. Thirdly, for security matters, transiting data dissimulated in a voice-like signal is more discrete. Lastly, some communication networks such as THURAYA are dedicated to voice communications.
Simple One-Pot Preparation of Water-Soluble, Cysteine-Reactive Cyanine and Merocyanine Dyes for Biological Imaging (2007)

A simple one-pot-procedure for preparation of protein-reactive, water-soluble merocyanine and cyanine dyes has been developed. The 1-(3-ammoniopropyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium-5-sulfonate bromide (1) was used as a common starting intermediate. The method allows easy preparation of dyes with chloro- and iodoacetamide side chains for covalent attachment to cysteine. By placing a sulfonato group directly on the dye fluorophore system, dyes with high fluorescence quantum yields in water were generated. Both iodo- and chloroacetamido derivatives were shown to be useful in protein labeling. Less reactive chloroacetamides will be preferential for selective labeling of the most reactive cysteines.
The Annealing Sparse Bayesian Learning Algorithm (2012)

In this paper we propose a two-level hierarchical Bayesian model and an annealing schedule to re-enable the noise variance learning capability of the fast marginalized Sparse Bayesian Learning Algorithms. The performance such as NMSE and F-measure can be greatly improved due to the annealing technique. This algorithm tends to produce the most sparse solution under moderate SNR scenarios and can outperform most concurrent SBL algorithms while pertains small computational load.
A Case Study in Municipal Risk Management (1971)

Unfortunately, most students seem to have greater difficulty recognizing pure problems than in solving those problems once they are recognized. For this reason, the primary educational objective of a college course in management should focus on the activity most authorities' agree is the first step in making intelligent management decisionsdiscovering the potential losses which may strike a firm. Teaching (or learning) recognition is made particularly difficult by the virtual impossibility of fully enumerating all the risks which a firm faces. Each one of the risk inventory checklists which has ever been devised is inadequate in some way, and no checklist can come close to replacing a manager's diligence, alertness, and imagination in discovering important sources of potential losses from pure risks. One of the best ways to learn to recognize risks is to practice recognizing some.
High‐Performance Metal‐Free Solar Cells Using Stamp Transfer Printed Vapor Phase Polymerized Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) Top Anodes (2012)

Abstract The use of vapor phase polymerized poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (VPP‐PEDOT) as a metal‐replacement top anode for inverted solar cells is reported. Devices with both i) standard bulk heterojunction blends of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) donor and 1‐(3‐methoxycarbonyl)‐propyl‐1‐phenyl‐(6,6)C 60 (PCBM) soluble fullerene acceptor and ii) hybrid inorganic/organic TiO 2 /P3HT acceptor/donor active layers are studied. Stamp transfer printing methods are used to deposit both the VPP‐PEDOT top anode and a work function enhancing PEDOT:polystyrenesulphonate (PEDOT:PSS) interlayer. The metal‐free devices perform comparably to conventional devices with an evaporated metal top anode, yielding power conversion efficiencies of 3% for bulk heterojunction blend and 0.6% for organic/inorganic hybrid structures. These encouraging results suggest that stamp transfer printed VPP‐PEDOT provides a useful addition to the electrode materials tool‐box available for low temperature and non‐vacuum solar cell fabrication.
Remote connection of diagnostic tool (2011)

Most of the electronic systems of today's vehicles are controlled via ECUs (Electronic Control Units). These can be programmed to perform in a speci c way and they also store the DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Codes) generated in case of system's malfunction. With the aid of a computer application, the engine mechanic can access these diagnostic codes, identify faults, perform parameter programming and update the ECUs with software patches. The present thesis was conducted at Volvo Penta Global Aftermarket Technical Support department, Goteborg. Its aim was to implement a prototype for connecting the existing service tool to a remotely located vessel through a wireless communication link and to investigate system's requirements in terms of latency, bandwidth, protocols and software/hardware platforms. The prototype comprises of three software applications an Android, a Windows mobile and a desktop application, developed in Eclipse and Visual Studio 2008 IDEs using Java and C++ programming languages. The thesis describes the design, implementation and evaluates the performance of the obtained system which serves the purpose of establishing a logical link between the remote engine and the diagnostic tool.
Sensitivity of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Established from Patients Treated with Prolonged Infusions of Paclitaxel (2003)

This study demonstrates prolonged exposure to both docetaxel and paclitaxel inhibits the growth of NSCLC cell lines in similar fashion.
OECD 국가들의 공공사회복지지출의 효율성 분석 (2015)

본 연구의 목적은 복지선진국으로 알려진 주요 OECD 국가들을 대상으로 SFM 모형을 이용해 공공사회복지지출의 효율성을 추정하는데 있다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 투입요소로 고려된 9개의 분야별 공공사회복지지출 중 적극적 노동시장과 실업 관련 지출이 사회적 소득불평등도를 낮추는데 중요한 역할을 하였다. 둘째,...
Adaptive nonlinear control with nonlinear swapping (2002)

We present a new approach to adaptive nonlinear control based on a complete controller-identifier separation which has long been a goal in adaptive system design. In this approach it is possible not only to separately design and analyze the parameter identifier, but also to independently guarantee properties achieved by the controller. Our controllers guarantee input-to-state stability with respect to the parameter error and its derivative as inputs. The parameter identifiers, in turn, guarantee boundedness of these signals. A key ingredient in the identifier design, as well as the convergence analysis, is a nonlinear generalization of the famous swapping lemma. The identifiers are based both on the plant model and the error system and allow a wide variety of update laws-gradient and least-squares, normalized and unnormalized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Methods for the calibration of vibration pick-ups by laser interferometry: I. Theoretical analysis (1998)

A regression analysis method is applied for data transforming and error evaluation in the sine-approximation method (SAM) for the calibration of vibration pick-ups by laser interferometry. A new simple algorithm for phase unwrapping in the SAM is also proposed. To make a more valuable comparison of this modified SAM with other techniques, i.e. the fringe counting method (FCM) and the minimum point method (MPM), the resolution of the measuring system is increased by using a double optical path difference homodyne interferometer. Additionally the uncertainty of the FCM is suppressed by implementing the procedure of fringe phase analysis in the turning points of the vibration cycle. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the above mentioned problems.
A Threefold Representation for the Adaptive Simulation of Embedded Deformable Objects in Contact. (2010)

We propose an approach for the interactive simulation of deformable bodies. The key ingredient is a threefold representation\nof the body. The deformation and dynamic evolution of the body is governed by a cubic background mesh. The mesh is\nhierarchically stored in an octree-structure, allowing for a fully local adaptive refinement during the simulation. To handle\ncollisions, we employ a tetrahedral mesh, allowing for an efficient collision detection and response. We then show a physicallyplausible\nway to transfer the contact displacements onto the simulation mesh. A high-resolution surface is embedded into the\ntetrahedral mesh and only employed for the visualization. We show that by employing the adaptive threefold representation,\nwe can significantly improve the fidelity and efficiency of the simulation. Further, we underline the wide applicability of our\nmethod by showing both interactive and off-line animations.
Action of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: involvement of novel arachidonic acid metabolites. (1983)

Anterior pituitary cells were incubated in the presence of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and one of three inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism:indomethacin, an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase system; nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an antioxidant that inhibits lipoxygenase; and icosatetraynoic acid, an acetylenic analogue of arachidonic acid that blocks all known pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. Indomethacin was ineffective in blocking luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone secretion. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid was only marginally capable of inhibiting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone secretion. Icosatetraynoic acid at 10 microM completely inhibited stimulated luteinizing hormone secretion. Addition of several epoxygenated arachidonic acid metabolites to cells in vitro resulted in secretion of luteinizing hormone equal to or greater than that induced by 10 nM luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. The half-maximal effective dose for these compounds was approximately 50 nM. The 5,6-epoxyicosatrienoic acid was the most potent of the compounds tested. These studies suggest that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone release is closely coupled with the production of oxidized arachidonic acid metabolites. Moreover, one or more of the epoxygenated arachidonic acid metabolites might be a component of the cascade of reactions initiated by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone that ultimately results in secretion of luteinizing hormone.
Anatomic correlates of acoustic rhinometry as measured by rigid nasal endoscopy (1999)

Acoustic rhinometry (AR) evaluates the cross-sectional areas and volume of the nasal cavity through acoustic reflections. Successive valleys displayed on an AR graph are believed to correspond to anatomic landmarks. To assess the anatomic accuracy of AR, we performed AR and endoscopic measurements with a rigid endoscope in 85 normal human subjects after topical decongestion. Endoscopic measurements were recorded for distances between the midcolumella and the nasal valve, the anterior end of the inferior turbinate, the anterior end of the middle turbinate, the midportion of the middle turbinate, and the posterior nasopharynx. The first AR valley most closely corresponded with endoscopic measurements of the nasal valve. The second valley had a mean value that corresponded with the anterior end of the inferior turbinate. The third valley matched best with the values of the anterior end of the middle turbinate. Nasopharyngeal measurements by each modality yielded a good agreement. AR appears to correspond to nasal anatomic landmarks but not in an exact point-to-point manner.
Toxic Factors in the Red Blood Cell Membrane (1989)

The toxic effects of hemolysed RBCs have been studied for more than 100 years, but the specific factors involved have not been identified. This study focused on phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS), two aminophospholipids that normally reside on the cytoplasmic side of the red cell membrane. An in vitro experiment with murine peritoneal exudate macrophages showed that PE and PS: a) stimulated the production of H2O2, complement factor C3a, prostacyclin, and thromboxane at a dose of 5 micrograms/ml; b) produced cell injury, evidenced by release of lipid peroxides, LDH, and by morphologic changes on phase-contrast and electron microscopy at a dose of 50 micrograms/ml; and c) caused cell death in 50-66% of cells at a dose of 100 micrograms/ml. An in vivo experiment showed that PE and PS injected intravenously into various groups of rabbits: a) caused only transient hypotension at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg body weight; b) caused significant hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, bronchospasm, activation of intravascular coagulation, complement, platelets, and leukocytes with release of histamine, serotonin, and thromboxane at a dose of 0.10 mg/kg; and c) caused cardiac arrest and death at a dose of 0.30 mg/kg. In contrast, the phospholipids of the outer cell membrane (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol) caused minimal toxicity in vitro and none in vivo.
The Chip Loss Outbreaks of 1990 to 1993 - Causes and Remedies (1994)

A high incidence of unexplained chip loss on New Zealand roads was reported following the 1989/90 to 1991/92 sealing seasons. The current condition of 90 cases was investigated. These quantified observations were analyzed using design and materials test data and construction records. Based on these observations and analyses, a significant proportion of the chip loss occurring is avoidable.
Biodegradation mechanisms of polyurethane elastomers (2007)

AbstractAbstractAfter over 40 years of use in biomedical applications, polyurethanes remain one of the most popular biomaterials due to their exceptional biocompatibility, mechanical properties and versatility. However, failure of polyurethane based pacemaker leads and breast implant coatings in the late 1980s brought the long term stability of these implants under scrutiny. The biomedical device industry was faced with the need to find replacement polyurethane compositions that were biostable and maintained excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The design of replacement biomedical polyurethanes is dependent on the mechanistic understanding of polyurethane biodegradation and the biological processes that govern these mechanisms. This review summarises the efforts of the authors' lab and others to elucidate the biological mechanisms of polyurethane biodegradation and evaluate promising new elastomers based on poly(carbonate urethane) and silicone copolymer chemistries. Several of the new classes of polyurethanes reviewed here show great promise; however, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of explanted samples provided evidence of chain scission and cross-linking in all of the polyurethane specimens. Therefore, it was concluded that the chosen soft segment modifications were insufficient to fully inhibit biodegradation. Potential biodegradation mechanisms were explored using oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme systems. Although cholesterol esterase initiated polyurethane degradation, the effect was minimal compared to the oxidation of these polyurethane elastomers. The in vivo and accelerated degradation studies supported oxidation as the dominant mechanism of biodegradation of PEU and PCU. The H2O2/CoCl2 system remains an excellent choice to accelerate oxidative biodegradation for the prediction of long term biostability in quantitative comparison with current clinical poly(ether urethanes). The biostability ranking of these four materials based on statistical comparisons of chain scission and surface pitting is as follows: PEU<PEU-S≤( PCU<PCU-S. The more biostable PCU elastomer was concluded to be a suitable choice to replace PEU in medical applications. Furthermore, the silicone modification was shown to increase the biostability of the PEU and PCU elastomers while maintaining the thermoplastic elastomeric properties.Keywords: POLYURETHANEBIODEGRADATIONCORROSIONREVIEW