gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
USE OF AN OVERHEAD GOAL ALTERS VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE AND BIOMECHANICS (2005)

This study examined whether an extrinsic motivator, such as an overhead goal, during a plyometric jump may alter movement biomechanics. Our purpose was to examine the effects of an overhead goal on vertical jump height and lower-extremity biomechanics during a drop vertical jump and to compare the effects on female (N = 18) versus male (N = 17) athletes. Drop vertical jump was performed both with and without the use of an overhead goal. Greater vertical jump height (p = 0.002) and maximum takeoff external knee flexion (quadriceps) moment (p = 0.04) were attained with the overhead goal condition versus no overhead goal. Men had significantly greater vertical jump height (p < 0.001), maximum takeoff vertical force (p = 0.009), and maximum takeoff hip extensor moment (p = 0.02) compared with women. A significant gender 3 overhead goal interaction was found for stance time (p = 0.02) and maximum ankle (p = 0.04) and knee flexion angles (p = 0.04), with shorter stance times and lower angles in men during overhead goal time. These results indicate that overhead goals may be incorporated during training and testing protocols to alter lower-extremity biomechanics and can increase performance.
Computer Graphics in Medicine (1985)

M edical images hold us captive. X-rays of your daughter’s broken leg or a magnetic resonance scan of your father’s brain tumor emit a tractor-beam that grabs your attention. With those images, we see clearly what is otherwise hidden from us and potentially lethal to a loved one. Computer graphics is integral to the imaging systems that deliver this information. Our fixation on this miracle of discovery and our fascination with our own physiology compel us to push the technology further. Together, computer graphics and medicine have generated entirely new views of anatomy. So much new image information is available about the anatomic structure and pathology of disease that clinicians have been warned to expect more diseases to be detectable by imaging in the future. Yet technology races ahead, leaving clinical medicine to sort through the discoveries. What is useful? What can help health care now? As in other disciplines, the medical community needs to catch up with technology. Matching new information with the appropriate clinical response is the challenge confronting us. This process always takes time. Early applications of computer graphics in medicine captured the imagination of the radiology community. For example, dramatic 3D views of bone and soft tissue were a necessity at any radiology conference in the late 1970s. Yet this technology has only recently reached clinical practice and has not yet become routine. Medical applications of computer graphics will not succeed unless they replace or eliminate more expensive procedures. We need to justify the information we deliver now in the context of clinical problems needing solutions. We also need to avoid the spiral where the diagnostic power of new imaging technologies accelerates our rush to respond with similarly high-tech (expensive) therapy.
Detection of multiple bottleneck bandwidth (2003)

This paper endeavors to present a scheme to detect and estimate bottleneck bandwidth along the path in the Internet. We have participated in the RIPE NCC's TTM project to perform one-way delay (OWD) and loss measurement from a host in our laboratory to other hosts in Europe and USA. TTM is an active measurement system, which has implemented the IPPM one-way delay (RFC2679) and one-way loss metrics (RFC2680). From measured delay, loss, and traceroute's data, we can know the path properties such as bandwidth, path rerouting, congestion between each host, and so on. Based on measured delay, we propose an algorithm called Estimating Bottleneck Bandwidth using Packet-pair (EBBP), to estimate bottleneck bandwidth. Our algorithm is based on Bolot's (1993) equation, but we use OWD instead of round trip delay. Every participated host uses a GPS receiver to avoid the problem of clock difference. We make a phase plot graph from measured delay, extract useful samples, quantize extracted samples, and find the intercept of the phase plot graph by EBBP. Finally, we can estimate bottleneck bandwidth along the path.
Emulsions Containing Perfluorocarbon Support Cell Cultures (1990)

Addition of emulsion containing perfluorocarbon liquid to aqueous cell-culture medium increases capacity of medium to support mammalian cells. FC-40 Fluorinert (or equivalent) - increases average density of medium so approximately equal to that of cells. Cells stay suspended in medium without mechanical stirring, which damages them. Increases density enough to prevent cells from setting, and increases viscosity of medium so oxygen bubbled through it and nutrients stirred in with less damage to delicate cells.
A COMPARISON OF THE DISCRIMINATING POWER OF ANOVA AND R‐INDEX ANALYSES OF HEDONIC DATA FOR VARIOUS PRODUCTS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOLS (2007)

ABSTRACT Consumers rated a set of toothpastes and a set of orange‐flavored beverages on a 9‐point hedonic scale, using two experimental protocols: Rank‐Rating where stimuli could continually be reassessed and a more traditional approach where they could not. A 21‐point hedonic scale was also used in the Rank‐Rating condition. The hedonic data were analyzed in the usual way using ANOVA with multiple comparisons and also by ranking the data and using an R‐index analysis. Regarding the numbers of significant differences recorded, the two analyses were comparable, with a very slight and nonsignificant advantage for the ANOVA analysis. Unlike with intensity scaling, the difference between Rank‐Rating and “traditional” scaling was slight but not for all products. The same was true for scale length effects. Differences among the products suggested effects due to the number of attributes that varied. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The key finding in this study is the use of Rank‐Rating where stimuli could continually be re‐assessed for the assessment of hedonic response of consumers in the various products. Rank‐Rating may possibly give a better discrimination than more traditional scaling, depending on the number of attributes which varied. The results of the study also recommend the use of R‐index analyses of ranked hedonic data in the analyses rather than ANOVA with multiple comparisons.
The Effect of V-Y Advancement Flap after Vulvectomy in Patients with Vulvar Cancer. (2003)

목적 : 이 연구의 목적은 외음부 암 환자의 수술시 V-Y advancement 피판의 사용이 수술 후 일어날 수 있는 합병증을 최소화하고 조기에 일상생활로 복귀하는데 효과가 있는지를 알아보는데 있다. 연구 대상 및 방법 : 2001년 3월부터 2002년 9월까지 가톨릭대학교 강남성모병원 산부인과에서 외음부 암 확진 후 근치적 외음부 절제술 및 일측 또는 양측 서혜 대퇴부 임파절 절제술을 시행한 5명의 환자를 대상으로 모든 환자들에게 성형외과와 협진하여
Alterations of a 200 kDa Neurofilament in the Rat Hippocampus after Forebrain Ischemia (1993)

Alteration in the concentration of a 200 kDa neurofilament (NF200) in the rat hippocampus after forebrain ischemia and its relationship to hippocampal neuronal death were studied with an anti-200 kDa neurofilament antibody, using immunohistochemical and immunoblotting techniques. In rats subjected to 8 min of transient forebrain ischemia, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed survival of most of the neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region at 1 day and loss of more than 75% of the neurons at 7 days after ischemia. Immunoblotting showed that the concentration of NF200 in the hippocampal homogenate tended to decrease after ischemia, to 69% of that of control at 1 day and to 60% of the control value at 7 days after 8 min of forebrain ischemia. Following 5 min of ischemia as well, the decrease in the concentration of neurofilaments in the hippocampal region preceded histological confirmation of neuronal cell death. These results suggest that degradation of neurofilament triplet proteins occurred even after ischemia of minimal duration and preceded neuronal death. Degradation of cytoskeletal proteins may play an important role in the mechanism of delayed neuronal death after cerebral ischemia.
Molecular Correlates of Scarring in Kidney Transplants: The Emergence of Mast Cell Transcripts (2008)

In the Banff consensus, infiltrates in areas of scarring are ignored. This study aimed to characterize the molecular correlates and clinical significance of scarring and inflammation in scarred areas. We assessed the extent of interstitial infiltrates, tubulitis and scarring in 129 clinically indicated renal allograft biopsies, and correlated the results with microarray expression data and allograft survival. Findings were validated in 50 additional biopsies. Transplants with scarring had a worse prognosis if the scarred area showed infiltrates. Infiltration in unscarred and scarred areas was associated with reduced death censored graft survival. In microarray analysis, infiltration in unscarred areas strongly (>r +/- 0.4) correlated with 484 transcripts associated with cytotoxic T cells, interferon-gamma, macrophages and injury. Scarring correlated with a distinct set of 172 transcripts associated with B cells, plasma cells, and others of unknown significance. The strongest correlation was with four mast cell transcripts. In biopsies with scarring, high expression of mast cell transcripts was associated with reduced graft survival and poor functional recovery. In renal allograft biopsies, infiltrates in scarred areas have implications for poor outcomes. Scarring is associated with a distinct pattern of inflammatory molecules, including B cell/immunoglobulin but particularly mast cell-associated transcripts, which correlated with poor outcomes.
All-Solid-State Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Using LiTi<sub>2</sub>(PS<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Cathode with Li<sub>2</sub>S-P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub>Solid Electrolyte (2013)

The electrochemical performances of LiTi2(PS4)(3) (LTPS) with a 75Li(2)S-25P(2)S(5) glass-ceramic solid electrolyte (SE) are investigated. In spite of irreversibility of structural changes, LTPS exhibits a high first discharge capacity of 455 mAh g(-1) with good cycling retention of 76% at the 25th cycle between 1.5-3.5 V at 50 mA g(-1) at 30 degrees C. In sharp contrast, LTPS with a liquid electrolyte (LE) in a conventional cell loses half of its initial capacity after only 14 cycles. The much poorer performance of LTPS in the LE compared to that in the SE is believed to be associated with dissolution of LTPS into the LE. The results highlight the prospects of exploring electrode materials that are compatible with SEs for all-solid-state batteries.
Test-Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change Scores for the Timed “Up & Go” Test, the Six-Minute Walk Test, and Gait Speed in People With Alzheimer Disease (2009)

Background: With the increasing incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD), determining the validity and reliability of outcome measures for people with this disease is necessary. Objective: The goals of this study were to assess test-retest reliability of data for the Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG), the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and gait speed and to calculate minimal detectable change (MDC) scores for each outcome measure. Performance differences between groups with mild to moderate AD and moderately severe to severe AD (as determined by the Functional Assessment Staging [FAST] scale) were studied. Design: This was a prospective, nonexperimental, descriptive methodological study. Methods: Background data collected for 51 people with AD included: use of an assistive device, Mini-Mental Status Examination scores, and FAST scale scores. Each participant engaged in 2 test sessions, separated by a 30- to 60-minute rest period, which included 2 TUG trials, 1 6MWT trial, and 2 gait speed trials using a computerized gait assessment system. A specific cuing protocol was followed to achieve optimal performance during test sessions. Results: Test-retest reliability values for the TUG, the 6MWT, and gait speed were high for all participants together and for the mild to moderate AD and moderately severe to severe AD groups separately (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥.973); however, individual variability of performance also was high. Calculated MDC scores at the 90% confidence interval were: TUG=4.09 seconds, 6MWT=33.5 m (110 ft), and gait speed=9.4 cm/s. The 2 groups were significantly different in performance of clinical tests, with the participants who were more cognitively impaired being more physically and functionally impaired. Limitations: A single researcher for data collection limited sample numbers and prohibited blinding to dementia level. Conclusions: The TUG, the 6MWT, and gait speed are reliable outcome measures for use with people with AD, recognizing that individual variability of performance is high. Minimal detectable change scores at the 90% confidence interval can be used to assess change in performance over time and the impact of treatment.
Adipogenesis is inhibited by brief, daily exposure to high-frequency, extremely low-magnitude mechanical signals (2007)

Obesity, a global pandemic that debilitates millions of people and burdens society with tens of billions of dollars in health care costs, is deterred by exercise. Although it is presumed that the more strenuous a physical challenge the more effective it will be in the suppression of adiposity, here it is shown that 15 weeks of brief, daily exposure to high-frequency mechanical signals, induced at a magnitude well below that which would arise during walking, inhibited adipogenesis by 27% in C57BL/6J mice. The mechanical signal also reduced key risk factors in the onset of type II diabetes, nonesterified free fatty acid and triglyceride content in the liver, by 43% and 39%, respectively. Over 9 weeks, these same signals suppressed fat production by 22% in the C3H.B6-6T congenic mouse strain that exhibits accelerated age-related changes in body composition. In an effort to understand the means by which fat production was inhibited, irradiated mice receiving bone marrow transplants from heterozygous GFP+ mice revealed that 6 weeks of these low-magnitude mechanical signals reduced the commitment of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into adipocytes by 19%, indicating that formation of adipose tissue in these models was deterred by a marked reduction in stem cell adipogenesis. Translated to the human, this may represent the basis for the nonpharmacologic prevention of obesity and its sequelae, achieved through developmental, rather than metabolic, pathways.
Single-mode all-silica photonic bandgap fiber with 20-μm mode-field diameter (2008)

An all-silica photonic bandgap fiber with a cladding index difference of approximately 2 % and diameter-to-pitch ratio (d/wedge) of 0.12 was fabricated and studied. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the properties of photonic bandgap fiber with such a small d/wedge. The fiber is single-mode in the fundamental bandgap. The mode field diameter in the 1000-1200 nm wavelength range is 19-20 microm. The minimum loss in the same range is 20 dB/km for a 30-cm bending diameter. In our opinion, all-silica photonic bandgap fiber can serve as a potential candidate for achieving single-mode propagation with a large mode area.
Molecular basis for complement recognition by integrin α<sub>X</sub>β<sub>2</sub> (2012)

Integrin α(X)β(2) functions as complement receptor for iC3b and mediates recognition and phagocytosis of pathogens. We used negative-stain EM to examine the α(X)β(2) interaction with iC3b. EM class averages of α(X)β(2) in complex with iC3b define the binding sites on both the integrin and iC3b. iC3b contains C3c and thioester domain moieties linked by a long flexible linker. The binding site is on the key ring of the C3c moiety, at the interface between the MG3 and MG4 domains. Similar complexes are seen between α(X)β(2) and the C3c fragment. α(X)β(2) binds through the α(X) αI domain, on the face known to bear the metal ion-dependent adhesion site, at the opposite end of the αI domain from its site of insertion in the β-propeller domain.
A semiempirical estimate of the ground state polarizability of atomic iodine (1981)

We estimate the polarizability α of atomic iodine by a semiempirical method using the oscillator strength sum rule for the valence electrons and empirical term energies. Values obtained are 9.3×10−24 cm3 &lt;α&lt;11.6×10−24 cm3. Furthermore, we obtained a lower bound on α in terms of an average transition energy E≳ which is rigorous in the approximation where the effect of shell electrons on the core is neglected. This bound is α≳7.4×10−24 cm3 for E≳ = 6.9×104 cm−2. All values are significantly larger than results calculated previously.
Challenges and possibilities for developing adaptive optics: Ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (2008)

Recent developments in adaptive optics - optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) allow for ultra-high isotropic resolution imaging of the in-vivo retina, offering unprecedented insight into its volumetric microscopic and cellular structures. In addition to this promising achievement, the clinical impact and application of this technology still needs to be explored. This includes assessment of limitations and challenges for existing as well as future AO-OCT systems, especially in the context of potential transfer of this technology from an optical bench to a portable imaging system. To address these issues we will describe our current AO-UHR-OCT focusing on its sub-components, as well as application for clinical imaging. Additionally, we describe some directions for future development of our AO-OCT instrument that would improve its clinical utility including: new compact AO-OCT design, new improved AO sub-system (extreme AO), and new generations of Fourier-domain-OCT. © 2008 SPIE.
[High-resolution electrocardiogram in the study of early rejection of heart transplant by spectral temporal mapping]. (1993)

At the present time there is great interest in seeking non invasive methods for reduction and precise orientation of the endomyocardial biopsy after heart transplant. Two cases of orthotopic heart transplant followed by spectro temporal mapping of signal averaging electrocardiography and integral calculation are reported. The results that identified the rejection process are presented and several aspects of this method are discussed.
A Hybrid ARQ Scheme Based on Polar Codes (2013)

A hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) scheme based on a novel class of rate-compatible polar (RCP) codes is proposed. The RCP codes are constructed by performing punctures and repetitions on the conventional polar codes. Simulation results over binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channels show that, under a low-complexity successive cancellation decoder, the proposed HARQ scheme can perform as well as the existing schemes based on turbo codes and low-density parity-check codes. The proposed transmission scheme is only about 1.0 to 1.5dB away from the channel capacity with the information block length of 1024 bits.
Effect of age on response to rivastigmine or donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease (2006)

In this sub group analysis, patients younger than 75 years of age showed greater treatment responses to rivastigmine than donepezil. Analysis of response by BuChE genotype suggests that this differential effect may be due to the inhibition of BuChE, in addition to AChE, by rivastigmine.
Erythromycin Biosynthesis. Highly Efficient Incorporation of Polyketide Chain Elongation Intermediates into 6-Deoxyerythronolide B in an Engineered Streptomyces Host. (1995)

Feeding of (2S,3R)-[2,3-13C2]-2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl NAC thioester (1a) to the recombinant organism Streptomyces coelicolor CH999/pCK7 harboring the complete set of eryA genes from Saccharopolyspora erythraea encoding the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) resulted in the formation of 6-deoxyerythronolide B (2a) labeled with 13C at C-12 and C-13, as evidenced by the appearance of a pair of enhanced and coupled doublets in the 13C NMR spectrum. The level of 13C enrichment was 15-20 atom% 13C, as much as 100 times higher than the usually observed efficiency of incorporation of NAC thioesters into polyketide metabolites. Similar incorporation of (2S,3R)-[3-2H,3-13C]-2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl NAC thioester (1b) gave 6-deoxyerythronolide B (2b) labeled with both 13C and deuterium at C-13. The intact incorporation of both precursors confirms the normal functioning of the recombinant DEBS proteins in the heterologous host.
Über die Synthese von Ketonen aus Säurechloriden mit Hilfe von Aluminium‐alkylen (1962)

Abstract Eine Anzahl aliphatischer sowie einige aromatische Säurechloride werden mit Äthyl‐aluminium‐sesquichlorid in aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen als Lösungsmittel umgesetzt. Dabei entstehen unter entsprechenden Reaktionsbedingungen in 80 bis 85%iger Ausbeute die zugehörigen Äthylketone. Das Verhalten von Dicarbonsäure‐halbesterchloriden bzw. ‐dichloriden und der Einfluß anderer Reaktionsbedingungen sowie anderer Äthylaluminium‐Verbindungen werden untersucht.
Self-Organization of ZnO Nanoparticles on UV-Curable Acrylate Nanocomposites (2011)

Our work focused on synthesis and investigation of nanoparticles role in structuring of homogenous nanocomposite based on ZnO nanoparticles in UV-curable monomers mixture. Due to strong interaction between nanoparticles surface and polymerizable carboxylic acid, nanoparticles were distributed homogeneously, and density of nanocomposite increased also in comparison with pure polymer matrix. Light scattering, plasticity, and water sorption non-monotonically depends on the concentration of nanoparticles concentration. UV-curable active matrix polymerization on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated using IR spectroscopy. The set of structural modifications of polymeric nanocomposites were observed by ASM, light scattering, Brinell hardness, and water sorption.Suggestions that the nanoparticles in the polymerization process play the role of photocatalysts and provide structuring effect on the nanocomposite were discussed.
LDPC Codes for Memory Systems with Scrubbing (2010)

In space, radiation particles can introduce temporary or permanent errors in memory systems. To protect against potential memory faults, either thick shielding or error correcting codes (ECC) are used. Thick shielding translates into increased mass and conventional ECCs designed for memories are typically capable of only correcting a single error and detecting a double error. Decoding is usually performed through hard-decisions where bits are treated as either correct or flipped in polarity. In this work, we demonstrate that low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes that are already prevalent in many communication applications can also be used to protect memories in space. We develop a channel that models memory error events in a space radiation environment. We describe how to compute soft symbol reliabilities on our channel and compare the performance of soft-decision decoding LDPC codes against conventional hard-decision decoding of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hoquenghem (BCH) codes for a specific memory structure.