gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human’s Overtrust in and Overreliance on Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: A Theoretical Framework (2013)

This paper gives a theoretical framework to describe, analyze, and evaluate the driver’s overtrust in and overreliance on ADAS. Although “overtrust” and “overreliance” are often used as if they are synonyms, this paper differentiates the two notions rigorously. To this end, two aspects, (1) situation diagnostic aspect and (2) action selection aspect, are introduced. The first aspect is to describe overtrust, and it has three axes: (1-1) dimension of trust, (1-2) target object, and (1-3) chances of observation. The second aspect, (2), is to describe overreliance on the ADAS, and it has other three axes: (2-1) type of action selected, (2-2) benefits expected, and (2-3) time allowance for human intervention.
For a fistful of dollars: using crowd-sourcing to evaluate a spoken language CALL application (2011)

We present an evaluation of a Web-deployed spoken language CALL system, carried out using crowd-sourcing methods. The system, "Survival Japanese", is a crash course in tourist Japanese implemented within the platform CALL-SLT. The evaluation was carried out over one week using the Amazon Mechanical Turk. Although we found a high proportion of attempted scammers, there was a core of 23 subjects who used the system in a responsible manner. The evidence that these subjects learned from their 111 sessions and 9092 spoken interactions was significant at P = 0.001. Our conclusion is that crowd-sourcing is a potentially valid method for evaluating spoken CALL systems.
Study of PSSMI for cerebral hemorrhage detection: An experimental simulation (2011)

Based on PSSMI we developed a new cerebral hemorrhage model and a new system for cerebral hemorrhage detection. This study evaluated experimentally the performance of our system through the simulation of phase shift measurements. Some phase shifts were measured at three operation frequencies. The phase resolution was up to 0.005° and the gain was −10∼35dB in the detection system. Different cerebral hemorrhage levels were simulated from 0 to 100 ml by volumes of saline solutions. The results of the experimental simulation show the phase shift is proportional to the volume, conductivity of the solution and the operation frequency. The experimental study provides obvious evidence that the PSSMI method has the potential to become a simple method for cerebral hemorrhage detection.
Drilling of Thick Composite Structures State of the Art (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Aeronautic structure parts are increasingly manufactured using long fiber composite materials. A modification of the assembly hole drilling process is necessary to adapt it to the specific qualities of these materials. At the entry and at the exit of the part, delaminations are generated by the use of a conventional twist drill. The delamination of the composite materials is related directly to the thrust force (F<sub>Z</sub>) of the tool. So, it is interesting to study the drilling of thick plates for the composite assemblies. In this paper, several types of tools will be examined and an analytic model will be developed for the calculation of the critical thrust force (F<sub>Z</sub>) in drilling with a conventional twist drill. Finally, the present study can be used to choose the optimal tool that provokes the minimum of delamination in composite materials drilling.</div>
Reducing Call Setup Latency in Mobile VoIP Systems (2011)

In mobile voice over IP (VoIP) systems, user mobility leads to the increased call setup latency to find out the current location of user, which has a negative impact on users call quality. In this letter, we propose a prefetching technique for user location to reduce the call setup latency. We develop an analytical model and investigate the impacts of mobility parameters and thresholds.
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type a infections (1984)

From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
Fully Implanted Brain–Computer Interface in a Locked-In Patient with ALS (2016)

Options for people with severe paralysis who have lost the ability to communicate orally are limited. We describe a method for communication in a patient with late-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), involving a fully implanted brain-computer interface that consists of subdural electrodes placed over the motor cortex and a transmitter placed subcutaneously in the left side of the thorax. By attempting to move the hand on the side opposite the implanted electrodes, the patient accurately and independently controlled a computer typing program 28 weeks after electrode placement, at the equivalent of two letters per minute. The brain-computer interface offered autonomous communication that supplemented and at times supplanted the patient's eye-tracking device. (Funded by the Government of the Netherlands and the European Union; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02224469 .).
Influence of topical human epidermal growth factor on postkeratoplasty re-epithelialisation (1997)

No significant acceleration of corneal re-epithelialisation was demonstrated with the use of recombinant hEGF after penetrating keratoplasty in humans.
Unsupervised Cross-Modal Alignment of Speech and Text Embedding Spaces (2018)

Recent research has shown that word embedding spaces learned from text corpora of different languages can be aligned without any parallel data supervision. Inspired by the success in unsupervised cross-lingual word embeddings, in this paper we target learning a cross-modal alignment between the embedding spaces of speech and text learned from corpora of their respective modalities in an unsupervised fashion. The proposed framework learns the individual speech and text embedding spaces, and attempts to align the two spaces via adversarial training, followed by a refinement procedure. We show how our framework could be used to perform spoken word classification and translation, and the results on these two tasks demonstrate that the performance of our unsupervised alignment approach is comparable to its supervised counterpart. Our framework is especially useful for developing automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speech-to-text translation systems for low- or zero-resource languages, which have little parallel audio-text data for training modern supervised ASR and speech-to-text translation models, but account for the majority of the languages spoken across the world.
Phase sensitivity of gain-unbalanced nonlinear interferometers (2017)

The phase uncertainty of an unseeded nonlinear interferometer, where the output of one nonlinear crystal is transmitted to the input of a second crystal that analyzes it, is commonly said to be below the shot-noise level but highly dependent on detection and internal loss. Unbalancing the gains of the first (source) and second (analyzer) crystals leads to a configuration that is tolerant against detection loss. However, in terms of sensitivity, there is no advantage in choosing a stronger analyzer over a stronger source, and hence the comparison to a shot-noise level is not straightforward. Internal loss breaks this symmetry and shows that it is crucial whether the source or analyzer is dominating. Based on these results, claiming a Heisenberg scaling of the sensitivity is more subtle than in a balanced setup.
Adult Spinal Deformity—Postoperative Standing Imbalance (2010)

Good clinical outcome requires achieving proper spinopelvic alignment in the treatment of adult spinal deformity. Although variations in pelvic morphology exist, a framework has been established to determine ideal values for regional and global parameter in an individualized patient approach. When planning realignment surgery for adult spinal deformity, restoring low sagittal vertical axis and pelvic tilt values are critical goals, and should be combined with proportional lumbar lordosis to pelvic incidence.
Prenatal diagnosis--principles of diagnostic procedures and genetic counseling. (2007)

The frequency of inherited malformations as well as genetic disorders in newborns account for around 3-5%. These frequency is much higher in early stages of pregnancy, because serious malformations and genetic disorders usually lead to spontaneous abortion. Prenatal diagnosis allowed identification of malformations and/or some genetic syndromes in fetuses during the first trimester of pregnancy. Thereafter, taking into account the severity of the disorders the decision should be taken in regard of subsequent course of the pregnancy taking into account a possibilities of treatment, parent's acceptation of a handicapped child but also, in some cases the possibility of termination of the pregnancy. In prenatal testing, both screening and diagnostic procedures are included. Screening procedures such as first and second trimester biochemical and/or ultrasound screening, first trimester combined ultrasound/biochemical screening and integrated screening should be widely offered to pregnant women. However, interpretation of screening results requires awareness of both sensitivity and predictive value of these procedures. In prenatal diagnosis ultrasound/MRI searching as well as genetic procedures are offered to pregnant women. A variety of approaches for genetic prenatal analyses are now available, including preimplantation diagnosis, chorion villi sampling, amniocentesis, fetal blood sampling as well as promising experimental procedures (e.g. fetal cell and DNA isolation from maternal blood). An incredible progress in genetic methods opened new possibilities for valuable genetic diagnosis. Although karyotyping is widely accepted as golden standard, the discussion is ongoing throughout Europe concerning shifting to new genetic techniques which allow obtaining rapid results in prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy (e.g. RAPID-FISH, MLPA, quantitative PCR).
Sphere-linked immunodiagnostic assay (SLIDA): an electron microscopic method for detecting specific antibodies. (1990)

We have developed a sensitive method, sphere-linked immunodiagnostic assay, using specific antigens covalently bonded to microspheres for the detection of antibodies in serum. In this method, specific antigens, such as the capsid proteins of tobacco mosaic virus and tobacco etch virus, were independently, covalently bonded to plastic micropheres of 0.5 microns or 0.9 microns in diameter. The antigen-linked spheres were then exposed to normal serum or serum containing specific antibody, followed by treatment with gold-labeled secondary antibodies. The binding of the gold-labeled secondary antibodies to the specific primary antibodies on the spheres acted as an indication of the presence of the specific primary antibodies. The spheres were then examined and photographed by transmission electron microscopy. The number of gold particles bound to the spheres was counted manually using the photographs. The gold labeling was found to be specific and sensitive, enabling detection of antibodies present in highly diluted antisera. The efficiency and sensitivity of the technique for detection of antibodies were compared with those of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and found to be highly sensitive. The technique was also used for testing for the presence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus as well as antibodies to Staphylococcus enterotoxin using microspheres coated with the respective antigens. We believe that this technique could be applied clinically when needed for detection of antibodies to other viruses, such as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Accelerated Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazolium‐Based Poly(Ionic Liquid)s (2014)

A straightforward and expeditious monotopic approach for the preparation of 1,2,3-triazolium-based poly(ionic liquids) (TPILs) is reported. It is based on the solvent- and catalyst-free polyaddition of an α-azide-ω-alkyne monomer in the presence of methyl iodide or N-methyl bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide alkylating agents. Poly(1,2,3-triazole)s generated in bulk or by thermal azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) are quaternized in-situ to afford TPILs composed of 1,3,4- and 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazolium units. The physical and ion-conducting properties of the prepared samples are compared with the TPILs composed solely of 1,3,4-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazolium units obtained through a multistep approach involving copper(I)-catalyzed AAC polyaddition, quaternization of the 1,2,3-triazole groups, and anion metathesis. TPILs obtained through the monotopic approach display thermal stabilities and ionic conductivities comparable to their pure regioisomeric analogues.
Ultrastructural observations on cortical granules in human follicular oocytes cultured in vitro (1982)

Abstract The fine structure, distribution, and fate of cortical granules in human oocytes cultured in vitro are reported. Follicular maturation in women with blocked Fallopian tubes was induced by clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin, and preovulatory eggs were obtained by improved methods of laproscopy and oocyte recovery. These oocytes were then inseminated and cultured in a modified Ham's F10 medium for 3 to 72 hr to assess their fertilizability. Cortical granules were observed in all 17 unfertilized oocytes investigated, which had completed various stages of meiotic maturation. A marked increase in their numbers was observed in oocytes cultured for 3 to 6 hr. There was no evidence of spontaneous cortical granule release in any of the oocytes studied. It is concluded that cortical maturation expressed by proliferation of cortical granules is as significant a criterion as nuclear maturation in assessing maturity and fertilizability of oocytes cultured in vitro. A short sojourn in culture before insemination could improve chances of normal fertilization and embryo development, which has been recently achieved in our laboratory.
Central Nervous System Regeneration: Mission Impossible? (2001)

1. Attempts to induce clinical repair after central nervous system injury, such as spinal cord damage, are likely to involve several protocols because eliciting a regenerative response from an injured central neuron is a complex task. Future treatments, applied when a window of opportunity exists, address the requirements for regeneration. 2. Application of trophic support to the lesion site for axotomized neurons aims to initiate and maintain a cell body response conducive to axonal regrowth. 3. Surgical intervention may provide a bridge across the injury site that contains either Schwann cells or olfactory bulb ensheathing cells derived from the patient's own tissue. 4. The application of antibodies may block the inhibitory action of myelin-associated molecules and other glial elements. 5. Gene therapy may induce the correct cascade of guidance molecules to be released at appropriate times. 6. Physical rehabilitation may ensure that muscle wastage is reduced and encourages functional reconnection.
Using multiple time scales in the framework of multi-stream speech recognition (2000)

In this paper, we present a new approach to incorporating multiple time scale information as independent streams in multi-stream processing. To illustrate the procedure, we take two different sets of multiple time scale features. In the first system, these are features extracted over variable sized windows of three and five times the original window size. In the second system, we take as separate input streams the commonly used difference features, i.e. the first and second order derivatives of the instantaneous features. In the same way, any other kinds of multiple time scale features could be employed. The approach is embedded in the recently introduced ``full combination'' approach to multi-stream processing in which, the phoneme probabilities from all possible combinations of streams are combined in a weighted sum. As an extension of this approach we have found that replacing the sum of probabilities by their product, in the same ``all wise'' context, can result in higher robustness. Capturing different information in each stream, and with the longer time scale features being more robust to noise, the multiple time scale multi-stream system gained a significant performance improvement in both clean speech and in real-environmental noise.
The first report on a convenient synthesis of novel reactive amphiphilic polysaccharides (1996)

Abstract New amphiphiles with reactive tosylate groups and ionic sulfuric acid half esters based on the rod‐like polysaccharide cellulose were designed via homogeneous tosylation followed by sulfation with the SO 3 ‐pyridine complex in N,N ‐dimethylacetamide. At appropriate degrees of functionalization the polymers are soluble both in water and dimethyl sulfoxide, and they are promising starting materials for self‐organizing systems.
On Steiner Minimal Trees with Rectilinear Distance (1976)

We consider Steiner minimal trees in the plane with rectilinear distance. The rectilinear distance $d(p_1 ,p_2 )$ between two points $p_1 $, $p_2 $ is $| {x_1 - x_2 } | + | {y_1 - y_2 } |$, where the $(x_i ,y_i )$ are the Cartesian coordinates of the $p_i $. For a given finite set P of points, let $l_s $ denote the length of a Steiner minimal tree and $l_m $ the length of a minimal spanning tree. The main result of the memorandum is that ${l_s / l_m } \geqq \frac{2}{3}$.
The actin cytoskeleton in presynaptic assembly (2013)

Dramatic morphogenetic processes underpin nearly every step of nervous system development, from initial neuronal migration and axon guidance to synaptogenesis. Underlying this morphogenesis are dynamic rearrangements of cytoskeletal architecture. Here we discuss the roles of the actin cytoskeleton in the development of presynaptic terminals, from the elaboration of terminal arbors to the recruitment of presynaptic vesicles and active zone components. The studies discussed here underscore the importance of actin regulation at every step in neuronal circuit assembly.
Human Experimentation with<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae:</i>Progress and Goals (1999)

Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae has adverse consequences for reproductive health and facilitates the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. A major limitation in the development of gonococcal vaccines has been the lack of an animal model. Urethral infection can be initiated in male volunteer subjects through urethral inoculation. Several hundred patients have participated in studies using this experimental infection model. These studies have helped define the natural history of experimental infection and provided a better understanding of phenotypic and genotypic variation of gonococci in vivo. Isogenic molecular mutants can be used to define a role for gonococcal surface structures, including pilin and transferrin-binding proteins; recent results demonstrate that gonococci unable to express transferrin- and lactoferrin-binding proteins cannot cause urethral infection. The experimental model has proven to be an efficient means of studying gonococcal infection and focusing vaccine development. In addition, this model should allow vaccines to be tested quickly and efficiently.
Vibratory Gyro-Sensor Using Vertically Set Quartz Crystal Trident-Type Tuning Fork Resonator (1999)

In this study we deal with a new type of vibratory gyro-sensor using a vertically set quartz crystal trident-type tuning fork resonator. The sensor is made of X -cut quartz crystal wafer formed by rotating 2° about the X -axis, applying the wire saw cutting method. The slits that form three arms are cut along the Y -axis direction. In such a trident-type tuning fork resonator, two resonance vibration modes are used: one has vibrational displacement in the vertical direction ( X -axis) of the tuning fork plane and the other has that in the horizontal direction ( Z ′ -axis). When an angular rate (Ω Y ′ ) around the Y ′ -axis is applied to the trident-type tuning fork gyro-sensor vibrating in the V-MODE, Coriolis forces, due to the Ω Y ′ , are applied on the three arms in the X ′ -axis direction and the H-MODE vibration is induced. Therefore, the angular rate (Ω Y ′ ) can be determined by detecting the signals of H-MODE vibration. The experimental results have proved that the vibratory gyro-sensor that uses such a quartz crystal tuning fork resonator has good characteristics.
Electroless Gold Plating (1994)

Abstract This article focuses on the electroless gold plating technique, describing the advantages and limitations, applications, and properties of plated deposits. It also reviews process variables of the technique, including gold concentration, reducing agent, agitation, and contaminants.
Structures and Dynamics of Lanthanide(III) Complexes of Sugar-Based DTPA-bis(amides) in Aqueous Solution:  A Multinuclear NMR Study (1997)

The structure and dynamics of the lanthanide(III) complexes of DTPA-BGLUCA3- (DTPA-bis(glucamide)), DTPA-BENGALAA3- (DTPA-bis(ethylenegalactamine−amide)), DTPA-BEA3- (DTPA-bis(ethanolamide)), and DTPA-BPDA3- (DTPA-bis(propanediolamide)) in water have been investigated. These complexes are of relevance as potential MRI contrast agents. 13C relaxation times of the Nd(III) complexes show octadentate binding of the organic ligand via the three amines, the three carboxylates, and the two amide oxygens. 17O NMR measurements indicate that the coordination sphere is completed by one water ligand. Eight diastereomeric pairs of isomers are observed for the DTPA-bis(sugaramides). Data sets obtained from variable-temperature and -pressure 17O NMR at 9.4 T and variable-temperature 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) on the Gd(III) complexes were fitted simultaneously to give insight into the parameters governing the water 1H relaxivity. The water exchange rates, kex298, on [Gd(DTPA-BPDA)(H2O)], [Gd(DTPA-BGLUCA)(H2O)] and [Gd(DTPA-BENGALAA)(H2O)] are 3.6 ± 0.3, 3.8 ± 0.2, and 2.2 ± 0.1 × 105 s-1, and the activation volumes are +6.7, +6.8, and +5.6 cm3 mol-1 (±0.2 cm3 mol-1), respectively, indicating a strongly dissociatively activated mechanism. The sugar moieties have no significant influence on the coordination of the Gd(III) ion and on the parameters governing the relaxivity, apart from the expected increase in the rotational correlation time. The relaxivity under the usual MRI conditions is limited by the water exchange rate and the electronic relaxation. The data obtained are used to explain the relaxivity of conjugates of polysaccharides and Gd(DTPA).
Logarithmic Lower Bounds in the Cell-Probe Model (2006)

We develop a new technique for proving cell-probe lower bounds on dynamic data structures. This technique enables us to prove an amortized randomized $\Omega(\lg n)$ lower bound per operation for several data structural problems on n elements, including partial sums, dynamic connectivity among disjoint paths (or a forest or a graph), and several other dynamic graph problems (by simple reductions). Such a lower bound breaks a long-standing barrier of $\Omega(\lg n\,/\lg\lg n)$ for any dynamic language membership problem. It also establishes the optimality of several existing data structures, such as Sleator and Tarjan's dynamic trees. We also prove the first $\Omega(\log_B n)$ lower bound in the external-memory model without assumptions on the data structure (such as the comparison model). Our lower bounds also give a query-update trade-off curve matched, e.g., by several data structures for dynamic connectivity in graphs. We also prove matching upper and lower bounds for partial sums when parameterized by the word size and the maximum additive change in an update.