gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multitechnique characterization of thin films of immiscible polymer systems: PS–b‐PMMA diblock copolymers and PS–PMMA symmetric blends (2005)

Abstract Immiscible polymer systems are known to form various kinds of phase‐separated structures capable of producing self‐assembled patterns at the surface. In this study, different surface characterization methods were utilized to study the surface morphology and composition produced after annealing thin polymer films. Two different SIMS techniques—static time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and dynamic nano‐SIMS—were used, complemented by x‐ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thin films (spin‐coated onto silicon wafers) of polystyrene (PS)–poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) symmetric blends and diblock copolymers of similar molecular weight were investigated. Surface enrichment by PS was found on all as‐cast samples. The samples were annealed at 160 °C for different time periods, after which the blend and the copolymer films exhibited opposite behaviour as seen by ToF‐SIMS and XPS. The annealed blend surface presented an increase in the PMMA concentration whereas that of copolymers showed a decrease in PMMA concentration compared with the as‐cast sample. For blends, the nano‐SIMS as well as AFM images revealed the formation of phase‐separated domains at the surface. The composition information obtained from ToF‐SIMS and XPS, as well as the surface mapping by nano‐SIMS and AFM, allowed us to conclude that PS formed phase separated droplet‐like domains on a thin PMMA matrix on annealing. The three‐dimensional nano‐SIMS images showed that the PS droplets were supported inside a rim of PMMA and that these droplets continued from the surface like columnar rods into the film until the substrate interface. In the case of annealed copolymer samples, the AFM images revealed topographical features resembling droplet‐like domains on the surface but there was no phase difference between the domains and the matrix. In the case of copolymers, owing to the covalent bonding between the blocks, complete phase separation was not possible. The three‐dimensional nano‐SIMS images showed domain structures in the form of striations inside the film, which were not continuous until the substrate interface. Information from the different techniques was required to gain an accurate view of the surface composition and topographical changes that have occurred under the annealing conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser desorption-mass spectrometry of polar nonvolatile bio-organic molecules (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser desorption-mass spectrometry of polar nonvolatile bio-organic moleculesM. A. Posthumus, P. G. Kistemaker, H. L. C. Meuzelaar, and M. C. Ten Noever de BrauwCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 7, 985–991Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50029a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50029a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views980Altmetric-Citations352LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Event Discovery in Social Media Feeds (2011)

We present a novel method for record extrac-tion from social streams such as Twitter. Un-like typical extraction setups, these environ-ments are characterized by short, one sentence messages with heavily colloquial speech. To further complicate matters, individual mes-sages may not express the full relation to be uncovered, as is often assumed in extraction tasks. We develop a graphical model that ad-dresses these problems by learning a latent set of records and a record-message alignment si-multaneously; the output of our model is a set of canonical records, the values of which are consistent with aligned messages. We demonstrate that our approach is able to accu-rately induce event records from Twitter mes-sages, evaluated against events from a local city guide. Our method achieves significant error reduction over baseline methods.1 1
Phase plate to extend the depth of field of incoherent hybrid imaging systems (2004)

A hybrid imaging system combines a modified optical imaging system and a digital postprocessing step. We describe a spatial-domain method for designing a pupil phase plate to extend the depth of field of an incoherent hybrid imaging system with a rectangular aperture. We use this method to obtain a pupil phase plate to extend the depth of field, which we refer to as a logarithmic phase plate. Introducing a logarithmic phase plate at the exit pupil of a simulated diffraction-limited system and digitally processing the detector's output extend the depth of field by an order of magnitude more than the Hopkins defocus criterion. We also examine the effect of using a charge-coupled device optical detector, instead of an ideal optical detector, on the extension of the depth of field. Finally, we compare the performance of the logarithmic phase plate with that of a cubic phase plate in extending the depth of field of a hybrid imaging system with a rectangular aperture.
Risk of Recurrence Following Discontinuation of Lithium Treatment in Bipolar Disorder (1991)

Episode recurrence in bipolar disorder following discontinuation of stable maintenance treatment with lithium salts was analyzed from 14 studies involving 257 patients with bipolar I disorder. More than 50% of new episodes of illness occurred within 10 weeks of stopping an average of 30 months of treatment. By survival analysis of 124 cases in which the time to a new episode was known, the computed time to 50% failure of remission was 5.0 months after stopping therapy; the time to 25% recurrence of mania was 5.2 times earlier than for depression (2.7 vs 14 months). In 16 patients with a mean cycle length before treatment of 11.6 months, the time to a new episode when off lithium therapy was only 1.7 months. Risk of early recurrence of bipolar illness, especially of mania, evidently is increased following discontinuation of lithium use and may exceed that predicted by the course of the untreated disorder. The basis and management of risks associated with discontinuing effective long-term mood-stabilizing treatment require further study.
NF-κB and Therapeutic Approach (2009)

Since NF-<TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX> has been identified as a transcription factor associated with immune cell activation, groups of researchers have dedicated to reveal detailed mechanisms of nuclear factor of <TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX> (NF-<TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX>) in inflammatory signaling for decades. The various molecular components of NF-<TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX> transcription factor pathway have been being evaluated as important therapeutic targets due to their roles in diverse human diseases including inflammation, cystic fibrosis, sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, atherosclerosis, ischemic injury, myocardial infarction, osteoporosis, transplantation rejection, and neurodegeneration. With regards to new drugs directly or indirectly modulating the NF-<TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX> pathway, FDA recently approved a proteasome inhibitor bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Many pharmaceutical companies have been trying to develop new drugs to inhibit various kinases in the NF-<TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX> signaling pathway for many therapeutic applications. However, a gene knock-out study for <TEX>$IKK{\beta}$</TEX> in the NF-<TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX> pathway has given rise to controversies associated with efficacy as therapeutics. Mice lacking hepatocyte <TEX>$IKK{\beta}$</TEX> accelerated cancer instead of preventing progress of cancer. However, it is clear that pharmacological inhibition of <TEX>$IKK{\beta}$</TEX> appears to be beneficial to reduce HCC. This article will update issues of the NF-<TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX> pathway and inhibitors regulating this pathway.
Efficient CRISPR-mediated gene targeting and transgene replacement in the beetle<i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (2015)

Gene-editing techniques are revolutionizing the way we conduct genetics in many organisms. The CRISPR/Cas nuclease has emerged as a highly versatile, efficient and affordable tool for targeting chosen sites in the genome. Beyond its applications in established model organisms, CRISPR technology provides a platform for genetic intervention in a wide range of species, limited only by our ability to deliver it to cells and to select mutations efficiently. Here, we test the CRISPR technology in an emerging insect model and pest, the beetle Tribolium castaneum. We use simple assays to test CRISPR/Cas activity, we demonstrate efficient expression of guide RNAs and Cas9 from Tribolium U6 and hsp68 promoters and we test the efficiency of knockout and knock-in approaches in Tribolium. We find that 55-80% of injected individuals carry mutations (indels) generated by non-homologous end joining, including mosaic bi-allelic knockouts; 71-100% carry such mutations in their germ line and transmit them to the next generation. We show that CRISPR-mediated gene knockout of the Tribolium E-cadherin gene causes defects in dorsal closure, which is consistent with RNAi-induced phenotypes. Homology-directed knock-in of marker transgenes was observed in 14% of injected individuals and transmitted to the next generation by 6% of injected individuals. Previous work in Tribolium mapped a large number of transgene insertions associated with developmental phenotypes and enhancer traps. We present an efficient method for re-purposing these insertions, via CRISPR-mediated replacement of these transgenes by new constructs.
ELECTRONIC DEFECTS IN CdSe NANOCRYSTALS EMBEDDED IN GeS2 AMORPHOUS MATRIX (2005)

Electronic defects in CdSe nanocrystals of a-GeS2/nc-CdSe superlattices and composite films are investigated and compared with results obtained for similar SiOx/CdSe films. A wide band of localized states centred at 0.55 eV below the conduction band edge is seen in both groups of samples and identified with defects in the nanocrystal bulk. A band at ~ 0.7 eV below the conduction band is well resolved in SiOx/CdSe samples but not seen in GeS2/CdSe films. As this feature is ascribed to defects at the CdSe-CdSe interface, a lower density of such defects is assumed in the latter case. In GeS2/CdSe samples a new band located at 0.50 eV below the conduction band appears. It is attributed to defects at the GeS2-CdSe interface. Optical absorption measurements reveal that defect concentration above the valence band of CdSe nanocrystals in GeS2/CdSe samples is lower than in SiOx/CdSe ones. Steady-state photoconductivity of GeS2/CdSe samples shows that at low temperatures the mobility-lifetime product in CdSe nanocrystals decreases with decreasing nanocrystal size. This observation is related to deep defects at the interface of CdSe nanocrystals and reflects the increasing surface to volume ratio.
Stable motion analysis and verification of a radial adjustable pipeline robot (2016)

This paper presents a design and stability analysis of a crawler-type pipeline robot which has the radial adjustment ability and can adapt to the changing of pipe diameter, therefore the environment adaptability of the robot is improved. To analysis the motion stability of the robot, the posture model of the robot that works in different pipes, including elbow and straight pipe are established, some undesirable movements are analyzed by using mechanical analysis, then the essentials for stable motion of the pipeline robot in elbow and straight pipe are obtained. By getting the attitude information during the motion process, experiment results are consistent with the theoretical analysis, and the developed pipeline robot is suitable for the application of engineering pipe.
Size Exclusion Chromatography with Low Angle Laser Light Scattering Detection (1980)

Abstract A review is given of the use of low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) detection in conjunction with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to measure polymer molecular weight distributions without conventional SEC column calibration methods. A summary of light scattering theory is presented, and instrument configurations and principles of operation are described for two LALLS photometers. Also discussed are the overall performance of the SEC/LALLS technique and data from selected applications.
CIDE: An Integrated Development Environment for Microservices (2016)

Microservices is a flexible architectural style that has many advantages over the alternative monolithic style. These include better performance and scalability. It is particularly suitable, and widely adopted, for cloud-based applications, because in this architecture a software system consisting of a large suite of services of fine granularity, each running its own process and communicating with the others. However, programming such systems is more complex. In this paper we report on CIDE, an integrated software development environment that helps with this. CIDE supports programming in a novel agent-oriented language called CAOPLE and tests their execution in a cluster environment. We present the architecture of CIDE, discuss its design based on the principles of the DevOps software development methodology, and describe facilities that support continuous testing and seamless integration, two other advantages of Microservices.
Multidrug Resistance of a Porin Deletion Mutant of <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (2004)

Mycobacteria contain an outer membrane of unusually low permeability which contributes to their intrinsic resistance to many agents. It is assumed that small and hydrophilic antibiotics cross the outer membrane via porins, whereas hydrophobic antibiotics may diffuse through the membrane directly. A mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis lacking the major porin MspA was used to examine the role of the porin pathway in antibiotic sensitivity. Deletion of the mspA gene caused high-level resistance of M. smegmatis to 256 microg of ampicillin/ml by increasing the MIC 16-fold. The permeation of cephaloridine in the mspA mutant was reduced ninefold, and the resistance increased eightfold. This established a clear relationship between the activity and the outer membrane permeation of cephaloridine. Surprisingly, the MICs of the large and/or hydrophobic antibiotics vancomycin, erythromycin, and rifampin for the mspA mutant were increased 2- to 10-fold. This is in contrast to those for Escherichia coli, whose sensitivity to these agents was not affected by deletion of porin genes. Uptake of the very hydrophobic steroid chenodeoxycholate by the mspA mutant was retarded threefold, which supports the hypothesis that loss of MspA indirectly reduces the permeability by the lipid pathway. The multidrug resistance of the mspA mutant highlights the prominent role of outer membrane permeability for the sensitivity of M. smegmatis to antibiotics. An understanding of the pathways across the outer membrane is essential to the successful design of chemotherapeutic agents with activities against mycobacteria.
60-ns <i>E</i>-beam excitation of rare-gas halide lasers (1980)

We have measured the intrinsic efficiency of ArF, KrF, XeCl, and XeF lasers using 60-ns e-beam pumping at an excitation rate of 1.5 MW/cm3. Efficiencies between 3 and 11% have been obtained. These values are shown to be limited by the time required to build up oscillation in the laser cavity, and we have demonstrated a technique which can be used to overcome this problem. Peak power efficiencies of these lasers are calculated to be in the range 5–15%.
Family care of Alzheimer victims (1994)

The burden of caregiver stress has been well documented in the literature. While attention has been paid to caregiving spouses and adult children, few studies have examined the impact of family caregiving on adolescents. With the rise in adult child caregivers simultaneously raising children of their own, increasingly greater numbers of young adults will be involved in caring for Alzheimer's type dementia (ATD) victims. This study examined the characteristics and experiences of these young adults. Specifically, 14 adolescents aged 14-18 were interviewed and asked a series of semi-structured questions regarding theirfeelings of burden and satisfaction as they related to caregiving. Employing features of content analysis methodology, all interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed. The results merged intofive primary categories: • Positive caregiving outcomes; • Negative caregiving consequences; • Peer group support; • Teacher support; and • Patient behavior management. These results are discussed within the context of developing support group interventionsforcaregiving adolescents.
Caspase-2 Mediates Site-Specific Retinal Ganglion Cell Death After Blunt Ocular Injury (2018)

Caspase-2 mediates death in a proportion of RGC but not photoreceptors at the site of blunt ocular trauma. Thus, intravitreally delivered siCASP2 is a possible therapeutic for the effective treatment of RGC death to prevent TON.
The RASSF1A tumor suppressor gene is inactivated in prostate tumors and suppresses growth of prostate carcinoma cells. (2002)

We analyzed expression status of the recently identified tumor suppressor geneRASSF1A in primary prostate carcinomas and in prostate cell lines. We found complete methylation of the RASSF1A promoter in 63% of primary microdissected prostate carcinomas (7 of 11 samples). The remaining 4 samples (37%) were partially methylated, possibly because of contamination with normal cells. No promoter methylation was observed in matching normal prostate tissues. High levels of RASSF1A transcript and no methylation of RASSF1A promoter were found in explanted primary normal prostate epithelial and stromal cells. Complete silencing and methylation of RASSF1A promoter was observed in five widely used prostate carcinoma cell lines, which acquired the ability to grow in culture spontaneously, including LNCaP, PC-3, ND-1, DU-145, 22Rv1, and one primary prostate carcinoma immortalized by overexpression of the human telomerase catalytic subunit (RC-58T/hTERT). However, no silencing of RASSF1A was found in four other prostate carcinoma cell lines, which were adapted for cell culture after transformation with human papillomaviral DNA. Suppression of cell growth in vitro was demonstrated after the reintroduction of RASSF1A-expressing construct into LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells. Our data implicate the RASSF1A gene in human prostate tumorigenesis.
Proton imaging: a diagnostic for inertial confinement fusion/fast ignitor studies (2001)

Proton imaging is a recently proposed technique for diagnosis of dense plasmas, which favourably exploits the properties of protons produced by high-intensity laser-matter interaction. The technique allows the distribution of electric fields in plasmas and around laser-irradiated targets to be explored for the first time with high temporal and spatial resolution. This leads to the possibility of investigating as yet unexplored physical issues. In particular we will present measurements of transient electric fields in laser-plasmas and around laser-irradiated targets under various interaction conditions. Complex electric field structures have been observed in long-scale laser-produced plasmas, while global target charge-up and growth of electromagnetic instabilities have been detected following ultraintense interactions with solid targets.
Robustness of LDPC codes on periodic fading channels (2004)

Root and Variya (1968) proved the existence of codes that can communicate reliably over any member of a set of linear Gaussian channels where each member exceeds a given amount of mutual information. In this paper we show that LDPC codes are such codes and that their performance lies within 0.1 bits of the Root and Variya capacity for a large family of periodic Gaussian channels. specifically, the robustness of LDPC codes to periodic fading is demonstrated through the consistency of their mutual information performance across period-2 and period-256 fading profiles. The latter case implies that these codes are ideal candidates for coding in OFDM.
Nintedanib reduces fibrotic markers in the lung in a model of rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease (2016)

<b>RATIONALE:</b> Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is a progressive and debilitating disease without effective therapies. SKG mice, genetically prone to develop autoimmune arthritis, develop a pulmonary interstitial pneumonia that resembles aspects of human RA-ILD. Nintedanib, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in several countries including the US and EU. <b>OBJECTIVES:</b> To explore the effect of nintedanib on the RA-ILD-like pathology in SKG mice. <b>METHODS:</b> Nintedanib was explored in SKG mice treated with zymosan to induce arthritis and interstitial pneumonia. Beginning at week 5 or 10 after zymosan, mice received nintedanib (p.o., q.d., 60 mg/kg) or vehicle for 6 weeks. Lung fibrosis was assessed by measuring hydroxyproline levels, static lung compliance and Masson9s trichrome staining. Lung inflammation was assessed by differential cell counts in BAL and digested lungs. Arthritis of joints and digits was scored weekly. <b>RESULTS:</b> Therapeutic delivery of nintedanib (week 10-16) to mice with established arthritis resulted in a reduction in lung collagen (hydroxyproline) and collagen staining. Early treatment (week 5-11) also reduced the arthritis score. Nintedanib seemed to trigger a slight but selective inflammation in the lungs of SKG mice treated with zymosan. <b>CONCLUSIONS:</b> Nintedanib reduced pulmonary fibrosis in arthritic SKG mice, a model that replicates aspects of RA-ILD. Early intervention with nintedanib attenuated the development of arthritis. These findings may support further investigation of nintedanib for the treatment of RA-ILD.
A host-network interface architecture for ATM (1991)

article A host-network interface architecture for ATM Share on Author: Bruce S. Davie Bell Communications Research, Morristown, NJ Bell Communications Research, Morristown, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewVolume 21Issue 4Sept. 1991 pp 307–315https://doi.org/10.1145/115994.116020Online:01 August 1991Publication History 58citation634DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations58Total Downloads634Last 12 Months21Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Synthesis of f‐18 labelled fluoro‐melatonins and 5‐hydroxy‐fluoro‐tryptophans (1988)

Abstract Reaction of dilute [F‐18]fluorine gas with either melatonin or 5‐hydroxy‐tryptophan in hydrogen fluoride at −70°C gives 6‐fluoro‐melatonin or 4‐ and 6‐fluoro‐5‐hydroxytryptophan. They are of potential use in Positron Emission Tomography to image the binding sites for melatonin and to study the metabolism of serotonin.