gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ Spectroscopic Investigation of the Molecular and Electronic Structures of SiO<sub>2</sub> Supported Surface Metal Oxides (2007)

Groups 5−7 transition metal oxides (V2O5, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, CrO3, MoO3, WO3, Re2O7) were anchored on a SiO2 support via incipient wetness impregnation and calcination. The molecular and electronic structures of the dehydrated supported metal oxides and the SiO2 support were determined by combined in situ Raman, IR, and UV−vis spectroscopy under dehydrated conditions. In situ Raman characterization reveals that the supported metal oxides are only present as surface species below the maximum dispersion limit (where crystalline metal oxide nanoparticles are absent). In situ IR analysis shows that the surface metal oxides anchor to the SiO2 support at Si−OH and adjacent Si−O−Si sites. The corresponding in situ UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy indicates that the dehydrated surface metal oxide species are present as isolated structures. Isotopic D2O−H2O exchange demonstrates that the dehydrated surface MOx species possess the MO oxo functionality but no MOH bonds. The number of MO oxo bonds was found to be related to the metal oxide oxidation state or group number. The group 5 surface metal oxides are present as surface monoxo OM(OSi)3 species. The group 6 surface metal oxides primarily contain the surface dioxo (O)2M(OSi)2 structures with some surface monoxo OMO4 species also present. In situ Raman under reduction environments allowed for the discrimination between these multiple MOx surface species as well as between vibrations from the metal oxides and the silica support. Only rhenia from the group 7 surface metal oxides was examined and found to possess the surface trioxo (O)3ReOSi structure. These molecular and electronic structural insights for dehydrated surface metal oxides on SiO2 catalysts will facilitate the establishment of fundamental structure−activity relationships for future catalytic reaction studies.
A novel of passive soft-switching with charge-pump snubber (2004)

A novel passive lossless snubber method called charge-pump snubber (CPS), which can improve commutating of the switching devices and regenerating of the switching transient energy, is proposed. The new snubber is comprised of an additional low power auxiliary winding magnetically coupled with the main inductor, a small inductor, two low power diodes, and two small capacitors. It can regenerate energy captured in the snubber capacitor fully and directly. It not only snubs the switching devices effectively, but also has a few good features such as wider soft-switching range, lower voltage stress, simple to design, lower cost and so on. To be a demonstration, operation principle, theoretical analyses, relevant equations, simulative results, as well as experimental testing results of a typical PWM boost converter equipped with proposed CPS are shown. All are verified that the technology is well applicable to any nonisolated DC-DC converters, especially for those want to operate under the conditions of very wider ranges of input voltage and/or load current, which still hold soft-switching operation
Large-Scale YouTube-8M Video Understanding with Deep Neural Networks (2017)

Video classification problem has been studied many years. The success of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in image recognition tasks gives a powerful incentive for researchers to create more advanced video classification approaches. As video has a temporal content Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks become handy tool allowing to model long-term temporal clues. Both approaches need a large dataset of input data. In this paper three models provided to address video classification using recently announced YouTube-8M large-scale dataset. The first model is based on frame pooling approach. Two other models based on LSTM networks. Mixture of Experts intermediate layer is used in third model allowing to increase model capacity without dramatically increasing computations. The set of experiments for handling imbalanced training data has been conducted.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CAPSULE DIAMETER, ADEQUACY OF ENCAPSULATION, AND SURVIVAL OF MICROENCAPSULATED RAT ISLET ALLOGRAFTS1 (1996)

As a consequence of its large volume, a microencapsulated islet graft can be implanted only into the peritoneal cavity. The graft volume can be reduced by using small capsules. However, reduction of the diameter of the capsules holds a certain risk, because with smaller capsules, more islets may be found to protrude from the capsules. We have developed a lectin binding assay which, after encapsulation, specifically labels islets or parts of islets that are insufficiently immunoprotected as a consequence of inadequate, and particularly incomplete, encapsulation. With this assay, we found that a reduction of the capsule diameter from 800 micrometers to 500 micrometers was associated with an increase in the percentage of inadequately encapsulated islets from 6.3+/-1.2% to 24.2+/-1.5%. The in vivo significance of this finding was investigated by performing allotransplantations with large diameter (700-800 micrometers) and small diameter (400-500 micrometers) capsules. With large-capsule islet grafts, all recipients (n=5) became normoglycemic for 7-16 weeks, whereas with small-capsule islet grafts, only one of seven recipients became normoglycemic. The in vivo significance of inadequate encapsulation was further substantiated by our finding that most large capsules were floating freely in the peritoneal cavity without any cell adhesion, whereas the vast majority of small capsules was found to be adherent to the surface of intra-abdominal organs and infiltrated by immune cell elements characteristic of both an allograft reaction and a foreign body reaction. We conclude that successful use of capsules with small diameters requires further study to determine which factors in the encapsulation procedure should be modified to reduce the number of inadequate small capsules.
Slime Mold Inspired Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

The phenomenon of self-organization is pervasive in nature,where biological organisms efficiently self-organize unreliable and dynamically changing components to develop a wide diversity of functions. In addition, these biological organisms enjoy the desirable properties of robustness to the failure of individual components, adaptivity to changing conditions, and the lack of reliance on explicit central coordination. In this work, we seek inspiration from the study of the tubular network formation behavior of slime mold to design a localized protocol to connect sensors to sink(s) that balances efficiency and robustness in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Extensive simulations have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of the protocol, as well as the efficiency and robustness of the resulting network connectivity.
An Alanine-Zipper Structure Determined by Long Range Intermolecular Interactions (2002)

A major challenge in protein folding is to identify and quantify specific structural determinants that allow native proteins to acquire their unique folded structures. Here we report the engineering of a 52-residue protein (Ala-14) that contains exclusively alanine residues at the hydrophobic a and d positions of a natural heptad-repeat sequence. Ala-14 is unfolded under normal solution conditions yet forms a parallel three-stranded alpha-helical coiled coil in crystals. Ala-14 trimers in the solid state associate with each other through the pairing of polar side chains and formation of an extended network of water-mediated hydrogen bonds. In contrast to the classical view that local intramolecular tertiary interactions dictate the three-dimensional structure of small single-domain proteins, Ala-14 shows that long range intermolecular interactions can be essential in determining the metastable alanine-zipper structure. A similar interplay between short range local and longer range global forces may underlie the conformational properties of the growing class of natively unstructured proteins in biological processes.
Non-clinical development of CER-001 (2015)

Cardiovascular disease remains the most pressing healthcare issue for the developed world and is becoming so for developing countries. There are no currently approved therapies that can rapidly reduce the burden of unstable, inflamed plaque in the overall coronary vascular bed. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has multiple actions that could lead to plaque stabilization, such as rapid removal of large quantities of cholesterol from the vasculature through the process of reverse lipid transport, improvement in endothelial function, protection against oxidative damage, and reduction in inflammation. Short-term infusion of HDL-mimetics in animal models as well as in humans has shown promising effects on the plaque size and morphology. Cerenis Therapeutics has developed CER-001, a negatively charged lipoprotein complex consisting of phospholipid and recombinant human apoA-I that mimics the structure and function of natural HDL. Three clinical trials using CER-001 infusions have demonstrated improvements in the carotid wall thickness of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia and in patients with hypo-alphalipoproteinaemia, as well as an impact on coronary plaque burden measured by intravascular ultrasonography at the lowest tested dose (3 mg/kg) in post-ACS patients. Here, we reviewed the non-clinical data leading to the demonstration that CER-001 is a full HDL mimetic.
Defect imaging with guided waves in a pipe (2005)

Guided wave techniques are expected to become an effective means for rapid, long-range inspection of pipes. Such techniques still have many practical difficulties in application, however, due to the complex characteristics of guided waves such as dispersion and their multimodal nature. A defect imaging technique is developed in this study to overcome the complexities of guided wave inspection. Received signals are separated into single-mode waveforms with a mode extraction technique and then spatial waveforms on the pipe surface at an arbitrary time are reconstructed. The predicted waveforms can provide a defect image at the moment when an incident wave arrives at a defect region, which is based on a time-reversal technique. This defect imaging technique is experimentally verified using eight signals detected at eight different circumferential positions. Images of artificial defects are obtained with one-hole and two-hole test pipes, and increasing the frequency of incident waves increases the resolution of the images. Holes and pipe ends are recognizable in the images, but the reconstructed images contain some errors in the area behind the defects where guided waves do not propagate or do not reflect back to the receiving transducers.
Co 1−x Cr x / Pt multilayers as perpendicular recording media (2000)

We have investigated Co1−xCrx/Pt multilayers as potential perpendicular media capable of high-density magnetic recording. The films exhibited strong perpendicular anisotropy, coercivity values ranging from 0.3 to 6.9 kOe, and a range of coercive squareness (S*) from 0.21 to 0.96. Magnetic and atomic force microscopy were used to correlate the grain and magnetic domain structures. The degree of intergranular exchange is clearly dependent on the deposition temperature and, to a lesser extent, Cr content. Co1−xCrx/Pt multilayers are ferromagnetic at room temperature for x&gt;30%, which is not observed in thick Co1−xCrx films. Initial recording results determined a SONR ratio of 23 dB for a [Co(4 Å)/Pt(5 Å)]10 multilayer recorded at 10 kiloflux changes per millimeter using a standard longitudinal ring head.
Hormonal Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer (1994)

This review summarize results of hormonal management in patients with metastatic prostate cancer in terms of both timing and amount of androgen blockade. The standard of delayed hormonal therapy resulted from data of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Urologic Research Group showing high toxicity in patients treated with estrogen therapy. Reanalysis of those data using cancer-specific deaths showed improved cancer-specific survival with early hormonal therapy. A large and growing body of clinical data also suggests a superior benefit to early hormonal therapy. The concept of total androgen (adrenal and testicular) ablation was supported by reports that show a survival advantage using a combined blockade over luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist alone. A National Cancer Institute study showed particularly impressive disease-free and overall survival in a subset of patients with low volume disease and good performance status. However, caution should be exercise in view of differing Canadian and European data. This review provides guidelines for treatment, but ultimately the timing and amount of androgen deprivation must be tailored to the individual patient. Ongoing and future prospective studies hold the promise of answers to these difficult and unresolved questions.
Tools and Benchmarks for Automated Log Parsing (2019)

Logs are imperative in the development and maintenance process of many software systems. They record detailed runtime information that allows developers and support engineers to monitor their systems and dissect anomalous behaviors and errors. The increasing scale and complexity of modern software systems, however, make the volume of logs explodes. In many cases, the traditional way of manual log inspection becomes impractical. Many recent studies, as well as industrial tools, resort to powerful text search and machine learning-based analytics solutions. Due to the unstructured nature of logs, a first crucial step is to parse log messages into structured data for subsequent analysis. In recent years, automated log parsing has been widely studied in both academia and industry, producing a series of log parsers by different techniques. To better understand the characteristics of these log parsers, in this paper, we present a comprehensive evaluation study on automated log parsing and further release the tools and benchmarks for easy reuse. More specifically, we evaluate 13 log parsers on a total of 16 log datasets spanning distributed systems, supercomputers, operating systems, mobile systems, server applications, and standalone software. We report the benchmarking results in terms of accuracy, robustness, and efficiency, which are of practical importance when deploying automated log parsing in production. We also share the success stories and lessons learned in an industrial application at Huawei. We believe that our work could serve as the basis and provide valuable guidance to future research and deployment of automated log parsing.
Preparation of homogeneous "living" polyvinyl gels with application to solvent purification (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of homogeneous "living" polyvinyl gels with application to solvent purificationF. S. Bates and R. E. CohenCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 3, 881–883Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50004a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50004a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
QOperAv, a Code Generator for Generating Quantum Circuits for Evaluating Certain Quantum Operator Averages (2010)

This paper introduces QOperAv v1.5, a Java application available for free. (Source code included in the distribution.) QOperAv is a "code generator" for generating quantum circuits. The quantum circuits generated by QOperAv can be used to evaluate with polynomial efficiency the average of $f(A)$ for some simple (that is, computable with polynomial efficiency) function $f$ and a Hermitian operator $A$, provided that we know how to compile $\exp(iA)$ with polynomial efficiency. QOperAv implements an algorithm described in earlier papers, that combines various standard techniques such as quantum phase estimation and quantum multiplexors.
Thermal-image quality measurements (2014)

Thermal image quality assessment is essential in evaluating the performance of thermal imaging systems. The existing no-reference methods can be roughly categorized using quantification measures as follows: a) Human Visual System measures, b) information measures, and c) image distribution measures. All the above classes of measures are not appropriate for thermal imaging because the structure of thermal images is quite different from visible light images. In thermal images, the temperature of the background is high, temperature difference between objects and the background is small, and it is difficult to determine the link between objective and subjective image quality assessment. There is a need in new thermal image quality measures which can connect objective representation performance and thermal image characteristics. This paper presents new no-reference thermal-imaging measures and elaborates on their applications. They integrate advantages of above-mentioned conventional of measures. Simulation results demonstrate effectiveness of the presented measures in evaluating thermal image qualities in comparison with other well-known assessment tools. Finally, conclusions on more general applicability of these measures are presented.
Influenza A Virus Infections in Swine (2013)

Influenza has been recognized as a respiratory disease in swine since its first appearance concurrent with the 1918 "Spanish flu" human pandemic. All influenza viruses of significance in swine are type A, subtype H1N1, H1N2, or H3N2 viruses. Influenza viruses infect epithelial cells lining the surface of the respiratory tract, inducing prominent necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis and variable interstitial pneumonia. Cell death is due to direct virus infection and to insult directed by leukocytes and cytokines of the innate immune system. The most virulent viruses consistently express the following characteristics of infection: (1) higher or more prolonged virus replication, (2) excessive cytokine induction, and (3) replication in the lower respiratory tract. Nearly all the viral proteins contribute to virulence. Pigs are susceptible to infection with both human and avian viruses, which often results in gene reassortment between these viruses and endemic swine viruses. The receptors on the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract are major determinants of infection by influenza viruses from other hosts. The polymerases, especially PB2, also influence cross-species infection. Methods of diagnosis and characterization of influenza viruses that infect swine have improved over the years, driven both by the availability of new technologies and by the necessity of keeping up with changes in the virus. Testing of oral fluids from pigs for virus and antibody is a recent development that allows efficient sampling of large numbers of animals.
An absorptive filter using microfluidic switchable metamaterials (2011)

In this paper, the microfluidic switchable absorptive metamaterials (MMs) filter in the gigahertz region is designed. It consists of a microfluidic network between the electrical resonator and the metal plate. The absorption frequency of the tunable MMs absorber can be tuned by pumping different liquids into the microchannel using the microfluidic technology. Based on the designed absorptive MMs, the absorptive peak can be shifted by introducing a microfluidic layer with frequency tunability up to 20% and absorption change up to 90%. By introducing the tunability in absorption frequency of MMs, it has great potential in the applications of filter and sensor / detector for biomedical applications.
Low loss polycrystalline silicon waveguides and devices for multilayer on-chip optical interconnects (2013)

We have investigated the feasibility of multimode polysilicon waveguides to demonstrate the suitability of polysilicon as a candidate for multilayer photonic applications. Solid Phase Crystallization (SPC) with a maximum temperature of 1000°C is used to create polysilicon on thermally grown SiO<sub>2</sub>. We then measure the propagation losses for various waveguide widths on both polysilicon and crystalline silicon platforms. We find that as the width increases for polysilicon waveguides, the propagation loss decreases similar to crystalline silicon waveguides. The difference in loss between the two platforms for a given waveguide width is due to the scattering from the polysilicon grain boundaries, which excites higher order modes. Depending on the waveguide width, these modes either propagate as higher order modes or are lost as radiation modes. Due to their different propagation constants, the presence of higher order modes is confirmed using sub-wavelength grating couplers. At a waveguide width of 10μm, polysilicon and crystalline silicon waveguides have propagation losses of 0.56dB/cm and 0.31dB/cm, respectively, indicating there is little bulk absorption from the polysilicon. This propagation loss is the lowest for polysilicon demonstrated to date. Modal conversion in multimode waveguides by polysilicon grain boundary scattering are investigated using a sub-wavelength grating coupler and discussed. These results vindicate the use of polysilicon waveguides of varying widths in photonic integrated circuits.
A Maurer's cleft–associated protein is essential for expression of the major malaria virulence antigen on the surface of infected red blood cells (2006)

The high mortality of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is the result of a parasite ligand, PfEMP1 (P. falciparum) erythrocyte membrane protein 1), on the surface of infected red blood cells (IRBCs), which adheres to the vascular endothelium and causes the sequestration of IRBCs in the microvasculature. PfEMP1 transport to the IRBC surface involves Maurer's clefts, which are parasite-derived membranous structures in the IRBC cytoplasm. Targeted gene disruption of a Maurer's cleft protein, SBP1 (skeleton-binding protein 1), prevented IRBC adhesion because of the loss of PfEMP1 expression on the IRBC surface. PfEMP1 was still present in Maurer's clefts, and the transport and localization of several other Maurer's cleft proteins were unchanged. Maurer's clefts were altered in appearance and were no longer found as close to the periphery of the IRBC. Complementation of mutant parasites with sbp1 led to the reappearance of PfEMP1 on the IRBC surface and the restoration of adhesion. Our results demonstrate that SBP1 is essential for the translocation of PfEMP1 onto the surface of IRBCs and is likely to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of P. falciparum malaria.