gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Highly Ordered Thermally Stable Cubic Mesostructured Zirconium Oxophosphate Templated by Tri-Headgroup Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants (2003)

Highly ordered cubic mesostructured zirconium oxophosphate with Pm3n symmetry analogous to SBA-1 silica is first obtained by using tri-headgroup quaternary ammonium surfactant CH3(CH2)16CH2N(CH3)2CH2CH2N(CH3)2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)3Br3 (C18-2-3-1) as a structure-directing agent and zirconium sulfate as an inorganic precursor under hydrothermal condition. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) have been used to characterize these mesostructured zirconium-based composites. The cubic mesostructured zirconium oxophosphates are thermally stable up to 500 °C. In addition, a phase transition from Pm3n through mixed mesophase to p6m symmetry is observed through finely tuning the spacer methylene chain length among the hydrophilic headgroups in the multi-charged amphiphile (from C18-2-3-1 through C18-3-3-1 to C18-3-4-1). 31P MAS NMR spectra show that phosphorus has four types of chemical environments in the cubic mesostructured zirconium oxophosphate framework and three types of chemical environments in mixed or hexagonal zirconium oxophosphate mesophases.
Cross-Cultural, Aboriginal Language, Discovery Education for Health Literacy and Informed Consent in a Remote Aboriginal Community in the Northern Territory, Australia (2018)

Background: Education for health literacy of Australian Aboriginal people living remotely is challenging as their languages and worldviews are quite different from English language and Western worldviews. Becoming health literate depends on receiving comprehensible information in a culturally acceptable manner. Methods: The study objective was to facilitate oral health literacy through community education about scabies and strongyloidiasis, including their transmission and control, preceding an ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) for these diseases. A discovery education approach where health concepts are connected to cultural knowledge in the local language was used. Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal educators worked collaboratively to produce an in-depth flip-chart of the relevant stories in the local language and to share them with clan elders and 27% of the population. Results: The community health education was well received. Feedback indicated that the stories were being discussed in the community and that the mode of transmission of strongyloidiasis was understood. Two-thirds of the population participated in the MDA. This study documents the principles and practice of a method of making important Western health knowledge comprehensible to Aboriginal people. This method would be applicable wherever language and culture of the people differ from language and culture of health professionals.
Voltage buffer compensation using Flipped Voltage Follower in a two-stage CMOS op-amp (2015)

In Miller and current buffer compensation techniques, the compensation capacitor often loads the output node. If a voltage buffer is used in feedback, the compensation capacitor obviates the loading on the output node. In this paper, we introduce an implementation of a voltage buffer compensation using a Flipped Voltage Follower (FVF) for stabilizing a two-stage CMOS op-amp. The op-amps are implemented in a 180-nm CMOS process with a power supply of 1.8V while operating with a quiescent current of 110μA. Results indicate that the proposed voltage buffer compensation using FVF improves the Unity Gain Frequency from 5.5MHz to 12.2MHz compared to Miller compensation. Also, the proposed technique enhances the transient response while lowering the compensation capacitance by 47% and 17.7% compared to Miller and common-drain compensation topologies. Utilization of FVF or its variants as a voltage buffer in a feedback compensation network has wide potential applications in the analog design space.
The Parimutuel Kelly Probability Scoring Rule (2007)

Kilgour and Gerchak (Kilgour, D. M., Y. Gerchak. 2004. Elicitation of probabilities using competitive scoring rules. Decision Anal. 2 108–113) introduce a competitive probability scoring rule designed to reward forecasters for their accuracy relative to rival forecasters. The rule proposed is both proper (in the usual sense of scoring rules) and self-financing in that forecasters share a preset reward pool that can be fixed at net zero. This paper elaborates on the Kilgour-Gerchak forecasting competition by demonstrating its possible analogy with forecasters making “Kelly bets” in an exogenous fixed-odds betting market. The construction of forecasters as Kelly (log utility) bettors leads to a modification of the Kilgour-Gerchak rule, called the parimutuel Kelly competitive scoring rule. Unlike the Kilgour-Gerchak score, the parimutuel Kelly score is not proper. Its appeal, however, is that it emulates a prediction market formed within a cohort of forecasters, as if they engage in a closed betting tournament where each attempts to accumulate maximum possible wealth over the long run and ruin all others. Within such a competition, near honesty is a Nash equilibrium forecasting strategy under realistic conditions.
Realizing the benefits of structural test for Intel microprocessors (2003)

This paper traces the evolution of the distributed test strategy at Intel, covering both the tester platform, which is now on the 2nd generation, as well as the parallel evolution of the test content, which is optimized for this platform. We describe the distribution of Pentium/spl reg/ 4 processor test content between structural and functional platforms, associated fallout, and key issues encountered with content migration. Finally, we discuss future test content and platform trends as shaped by increasing device complexity and defect types.
New Model for L&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Norm Flow (2015)

We introduce a new L 2 norm preserving heat flow in matrix geometry. We show that this flow exists globally and preserves the positivity property of Hermitian matrices.
Design methodology and evaluation of rate adaptation based congestion control for Vehicle Safety Communications (2011)

Vehicle Safety Communications (VSC) is advancing rapidly towards product development and field testing. While a number of possible solutions have been proposed, the question remains open as how such a system will address the issue of scalability in its actual deployment. This paper presents a design methodology for congestion control in VSC as well as the description and evaluation of a resulting rate adaption oriented protocol named PULSAR. We start with a list of design principles reflecting the state of the art that define why and how vehicles should behave while responding to channel congestion in order to ensure fairness and support the needs of safety applications. From these principles, we derive protocol building blocks required to fulfill the defined objectives. Then, the actual protocol is described and assessed in detail, including a discussion on the intricate features of channel load assessment, rate adaptation and information sharing. A comparison with other state-of-the-art protocols shows that “details matter” with respect to the temporal and spatial dimensions of the protocol outcome.
NK T Cell-Derived IL-10 Is Essential for the Differentiation of Antigen-Specific T Regulatory Cells in Systemic Tolerance (2001)

In a model of systemic tolerance called Anterior Chamber-Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID), the differentiation of the T regulatory (Tr) cells depends on NK T cells and occurs in the spleen. We now show that the CD1d-reactive NK T cell subpopulation, required for development of systemic tolerance, expresses the invariant V alpha 14J alpha 281 TCR because J alpha 281 knockout (KO) mice were unable to generate Ag-specific Tr cells and ACAID. The mechanism for NK T cell-dependent differentiation of Ag-specific Tr cells mediating systemic tolerance was studied by defining the cytokine profiles in heterogeneous and enriched NK T spleen cells. In contrast to there being no differences in most regulatory cytokine mRNAs, both mRNA and protein for IL-10 were increased in splenic NK T cells of anterior chamber (a.c.)-inoculated mice. However, IL-10 mRNA was not increased in spleens after i.v. inoculation. Finally, NK T cells from wild-type (WT) mice, but not from IL-10 KO mice, reconstituted the ACAID inducing ability in J alpha 281 KO mice. Thus, NK T cell-derived IL-10 is critical for the generation of the Ag-specific Tr cells and systemic tolerance induced to eye-inoculated Ags.
Breaking Analog Locking Techniques via Satisfiability Modulo Theories (2019)

Similar to digital circuits, analog circuits are also susceptible to supply-chain attacks, such as intellectual property (IP) piracy, counterfeiting, and overproduction. Hence, analog locking techniques have been proposed to combat supply-chain attacks. However, there exists no evaluation procedure to estimate the resilience offered by these defense techniques. Evaluating analog defense techniques requires the usage of non-Boolean variables, such as bias current, bias voltage, and gain. However, it cannot be handled by the Boolean satisfiability (SAT) attack. In this work, we propose an evaluation technique based on satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). We demonstrate our attack on four state-of-the-art analog locking techniques using commonly used circuits, such as bandpass filter (BPF), LC oscillator, quadrature oscillator, and class-D amplifiers. Our results show that the attacker, knowing the required bias current values, can determine the key in polynomial time. We also show that even if he/she has only partial information about the bias currents, the search space can be reduced from exponential to a polynomial number of keys. We then extend our attack to break existing analog camouflaging techniques.
Why does ribonuclease irreversibly inactivate at high temperatures? (1986)

The mechanism of irreversible thermoinactivation of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A in the pH range relevant to enzymatic catalysis has been elucidated. At 90 degrees C and pH 4, the enzyme inactivation is caused by hydrolysis of peptide bonds at aspartic acid residues (the main process) and deamidation of asparagine and/or glutamine residues. At 90 degrees C and neutral pH (pH 6 and 8), the enzyme inactivation is caused by a combination of disulfide interchange (the main process), beta-elimination of cystine residues, and deamidation of asparagine and/or glutamine residues. These four processes appear to demarcate the upper limit of thermostability of enzymes.
Left ventricular function at similar heart rates during tachycardia induced by exercise and atrial pacing: an echocardiographic study. (1987)

M mode echocardiography was used in 10 normal subjects to study left ventricular dimension and function variables at identical heart rates during tachycardia induced by supine bicycle exercise or atrial pacing. Echocardiographic data were analysed independently by two observers. The maximum heart rate reached during atrial pacing was lower (mean (1SD) 148 (17) beats/min) than that reached during exercise (mean (1SD) 167 (14) beats/min). The left ventricular end diastolic dimension was greater before supine exercise than before atrial pacing, probably as a result of leg raising. At each graded exercise step the end diastolic dimension remained greater than during atrial pacing and the differences became progressively greater with increasing heart rates. The left ventricular end systolic dimension was not significantly different at each step during the two stresses. During recovery the end systolic dimension was significantly smaller after exercise than at corresponding heart rates induced by atrial pacing. Left ventricular function indices--fractional shortening and peak rates of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dimensional change--were significantly higher during exercise than during atrial pacing and the differences increased with heart rate. It is concluded that the intervention used to change heart rate has an important effect on M mode echocardiographic left ventricular dimensions; indices of left ventricular performance increase progressively during exercise and differ from those measured at the same heart rate during atrial pacing; it is important to consider heart rate, stroke volume, and loading conditions when reference values are used and when the effects of a particular stress are to be interpreted.
Transgenic tobacco plants expressing <i>rgp1</i>, a gene encoding a <i>ras</i>‐related GTP‐binding protein from rice, show distinct morphological characteristics<sup>1</sup> (1992)

The rgp1 gene, originally Isolated from rice seedlings, encodes a small GTP‐binding protein which is related to the product of the human proto‐oncogene, ras‐p21. To determine the physiological role of the rgp1 protein, rgp1‐p25, the coding region of rgp1 was introduced into tobacco plants in both sense and antisense orientations. Transformants, which were found to contain the rgp1 gene at up to three loci, showed distinct phenotypic changes. The most notable was a reduction in apical dominance with increased tillering, together with dwarfism or abnormal flower development or both. These effects were similarly observed in both sense and antisense transformants. Northern hybridization analysis showed that rgp1 was expressed only in phenotypically abnormal transformants and not in the apparently normal phenotypes. Furthermore, the R 1 progenies from most transformants co‐segregated into a 3:1 ratio for both kanamycin resistance and tillering. The expression of tgp1 , a presumed tobacco homologue of rgp1 , was markedly reduced in transformants expressing the antisense rgp1 , whereas it was apparently unaffected in transformants with sense rgp1 . These observations suggest that the phenotypic changes in antisense transformants may be mediated by an effect on native tgp1 mRNA, whereas in sense transformants the changes may be induced by over‐production of rgp1‐p25. The possibility that the increased tillering may be related to abnormal phytohormone metabolism or response pathways, and that rgp1‐p25 may mediate the transmission of signals in these pathways is discussed.
RING OPENING OF EPOXIDES WITH CARBOXYLATES AND PHENOXIDES IN MICELLAR MEDIA CATALYZED WITH Ce(OTf)<sub>4</sub> (2002)

ABSTRACT Efficient ring opening reaction of epoxides with carboxylates and phenoxide anions catalyzed with ceric triflate is performed in micellar media. This new method is a useful procedure for the preparation of β-carboxy and phenoxy alcohols from epoxides under mild reaction conditions. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We are thankful to Shiraz University Research Council for partial support of this work.
RFID and Camera-based Hybrid Approach to Track Vehicle within Campus (2011)

License plate recognition system can play an important role to monitoring the vehicle, in Campus like parliament house or premises places in India. There could be some unidentified vehicle, because campus can't restrict them all. So, securities issues could occur. So the main targetable area in this vehicle tracking system is License plate recognition. For this purpose RFID Tag and cameras system could resolve the problem with the help of License Plate recognition system. Vehicle can be susceptible to their unidentified plate number. In addition, human resource is not possible to checkout every vehicle, so even a few susceptible persons can easily entered in building via vehicles and damages the building in sense of casuality to the people. Therefore, a Vehicle tracking system using RFID Tag base and Camera scheme is necessary to distinguish illegal vehicle from legal ones, and filter out unregistered vehicle in the building.
Modeling Analysis of Sand-Screen Collapse Resistance Under Geotectonic Load (2009)

Abstract The manufacturer's specifications of sand screen usually provide information such as base pipe collapse pressure, maximum tensile load, and bending strength. However, the problem is that a very heavy base pipe is thus required to satisfy such specifications if the pipe collapse pressure indicated by manufacturer is used for field application. The reason is that the screen collapse tests are conducted under hydrostatic loading for screens wrapped with rubber jacket by screen manufacturers. Observation of these tests shows that screen collapse occurs immediately after the base pipe starts yielding. However, this is not the case if screens are installed in the wellbore under geotectonic load. A series of laboratory tests are conducted using either straight pipes without screen or pipes with screen installed in a drilled borehole of some large rock sample. Since the base pipe failure is the dominant factor for screen failure, half of the experiments shown in this paper used straight pipe without including screen or shroud. These tests show that tubular strings may initiate yielding earlier than the specified yielding data provided by screen manufacturers. However, after the initial yielding, the base pipe deforms gradually and it never collapses even after exceeding the ordinary base pipe yielding (0.2-0.4% deformational strain) by more than 10 times. Based on these laboratory tests, a numerical model is constructed for screen design along with gravel pack or standalone screen in openhole completions. The numerical model first simulates hydrostatic screen collapse tests conducted by manufacturers to confirm the design specifications as measured. Then, it is extended to simulate screen behavior after it is installed downhole. It assumes that a screen is placed in the borehole, and then gravel-pack covers the screen, followed by reservoir depletion and drawdown in production mode. This paper sheds light on the sand screen collapse resistance under three typical loading types: hydrostatic, geotechtonic load without void around sand screen and geotectonic load with void for openhole standalone screen applications. Distinctly different failure scriteria are proposed for these three types of loadings. Empirical data undedr such high stress levels are rarely found in the literatures.
Wireless Mesh Networks for Public Safety and Crisis Management Applications (2008)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are multihop wireless networks with self-healing and self-configuring capabilities. These features, plus the ability to provide wireless broadband connectivity at a comparatively low cost, make WMNs a promising technology for a wide range of applications. While discussing the suitability of WMN technology for public safety and crisis management communication, this article highlights its strengths and limitations and points to current and future research in this context.
Studies on glycoproteins in the human malaria parasite <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. Identification of a myristilated 45kDa merozoite membrane glycoprotein (1987)

A murine monoclonal antibody has been used to characterise a 45,000 Da antigen that is associated with the surface membrane of merozoites of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The antigen is a glycoprotein and incorporates myristic acid.
A filtering approach based on Gaussian–powerlaw convolutions for local PET verification of proton radiotherapy (2006)

Because proton beams activate positron emitters in patients, positron emission tomography (PET) has the potential to play a unique role in the in vivo verification of proton radiotherapy. Unfortunately, the PET image is not directly proportional to the delivered radiation dose distribution. Current treatment verification strategies using PET therefore compare the actual PET image with full-blown Monte Carlo simulations of the PET signal. In this paper, we describe a simpler and more direct way to reconstruct the expected PET signal from the local radiation dose distribution near the distal fall-off region, which is calculated by the treatment planning programme. Under reasonable assumptions, the PET image can be described as a convolution of the dose distribution with a filter function. We develop a formalism to derive the filter function analytically. The main concept is the introduction of 'Q' functions defined as the convolution of a Gaussian with a powerlaw function. Special Q functions are the Gaussian itself and the error function. The convolution of two Q functions is another Q function. By fitting elementary dose distributions and their corresponding PET signals with Q functions, we derive the Q function approximation of the filter. The new filtering method has been validated through comparisons with Monte Carlo calculations and, in one case, with measured data. While the basic concept is developed under idealized conditions assuming that the absorbing medium is homogeneous near the distal fall-off region, a generalization to inhomogeneous situations is also described. As a result, the method can determine the distal fall-off region of the PET signal, and consequently the range of the proton beam, with millimetre accuracy. Quantification of the produced activity is possible. In conclusion, the PET activity resulting from a proton beam treatment can be determined by locally filtering the dose distribution as obtained from the treatment planning system. The filter function can be calculated analytically using convolutions of Gaussians and powerlaw functions.
Grazing-angle micro-FTIR spectroscopy (GAM-FTIR): applications to adhesion studies (1999)

Analysis by infrared spectroscopy increases in popularity in research and quality control laboratories, mainly due to the enhanced capabilities of new Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. Since 1983–1985 infrared micro-spectroscopy has become possible, allowing observation and analysis, in transmission or near-normal reflection modes, of sample areas as small as 15–200 µm in diameter. However, grazing incidence reflection–absorption (RAIRS) was not possible using FTIR micro-spectroscopy. This technique became available with the introduction of the grazing-angle objective in 1991. The purpose of this paper is to show the potential of such an objective and how it allows for improved sensitivity for the characterization of very thin films (a few nanometres in thickness) deposited on a flat metallic substrate. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of SM22α-Deficient Mice Reveals Unanticipated Insights into Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation and Function (2001)

SM22alpha is a 22-kDa smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage-restricted protein that physically associates with cytoskeletal actin filament bundles in contractile SMCs. To examine the function of SM22alpha, gene targeting was used to generate SM22alpha-deficient (SM22(-/-LacZ)) mice. The gene targeting strategy employed resulted in insertion of the bacterial lacZ reporter gene at the SM22alpha initiation codon, permitting precise analysis of the temporal and spatial pattern of SM22alpha transcriptional activation in the developing mouse. Northern and Western blot analyses confirmed that the gene targeting strategy resulted in a null mutation. Histological analysis of SM22(+/-LacZ) embryos revealed detectable beta-galactosidase activity in the unturned embryonic day 8.0 embryo in the layer of cells surrounding the paired dorsal aortae concomitant with its expression in the primitive heart tube, cephalic mesenchyme, and yolk sac vasculature. Subsequently, during postnatal development, beta-galactosidase activity was observed exclusively in arterial, venous, and visceral SMCs. SM22alpha-deficient mice are viable and fertile. Their blood pressure and heart rate do not differ significantly from their control SM22alpha(+/-) and SM22alpha(+/+) littermates. The vasculature and SMC-containing tissues of SM22alpha-deficient mice develop normally and appear to be histologically and ultrastructurally similar to those of their control littermates. Taken together, these data demonstrate that SM22alpha is not required for basal homeostatic functions mediated by vascular and visceral SMCs in the developing mouse. These data also suggest that signaling pathways that regulate SMC specification and differentiation from local mesenchyme are activated earlier in the angiogenic program than previously recognized.