gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-4α Induces Transdifferentiation of Hematopoietic Cells into Hepatocytes (2009)

Hematopoietic stem cells can directly transdifferentiate into hepatocytes because of cellular plasticity, but the molecular basis of transdifferentiation is not known. Here, we show the molecular basis using lineage-depleted oncostatin M receptor beta-expressing (Lin(-)OSMRbeta(+)) mouse bone marrow cells in a hepatic differentiation culture system. Differentiation of the cells was marked by the expression of albumin. Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4alpha was expressed and translocated into the nuclei of the differentiating cells. Suppression of its activation in OSM-neutralized culture medium inhibited cellular differentiation. Ectopic expression of full-length HNF4alpha in 32D myeloid cells resulted in decreased myeloid colony-forming potential and increased expression of hepatocyte-specific genes and proteins. Nevertheless, the neohepatocytes produced in culture expressed active P450 enzyme. The obligatory role of HNF4alpha in hepatic differentiation was confirmed by transfecting Lin(-)OSMRbeta(+) cells with dominant negative HNF4alpha in the differentiation culture because its expression inhibited the transcription of the albumin and tyrosine aminotransferase genes. The loss and gain of functional activities strongly suggested that HNF4alpha plays a central role in the transdifferentiation process. For the first time, this report demonstrates the mechanism of transdifferentiation of hematopoietic cells into hepatocytes, in which HNF4alpha serves as a molecular switch.
Software Clustering: Unifying Syntactic and Semantic Features (2012)

Software clustering is an important technique for extracting high level component architecture from the underlying source code. One of the limitations of the existing approaches is that most of the proposed techniques use only similar types of features for estimating distance between source code elements. Therefore, in cases, where the selected features are poorly present in the source code, these techniques may not produce good quality results in absence of adequate inputs to work on. In this paper we propose an approach to overcome this limitation. Proposed approach uses a combination of multiple types of features together and applies automated weighing on the extracted features to enhance their information quality and to reduce noise. We define a way to estimate distance between code elements in terms of combination of multiple types of features. Weighted graph partitioning with a multi-objective global modularity criterion is used to select the clusters as architectural components. We describe methods for automated labeling of the extracted components and for generating inter-component interactions. We further discuss how the suggested approach extends to clustering at multiple hierarchical levels, to application portfolios, and even for improving precision for the feature location problem.
Fast adaptive polynomial I and Q predistorter with global optimisation (1996)

High spectral efficiency modulation methods such as quadrature amplitude modulation are of considerable interest for future mobile communication systems. These methods are highly sensitive to transmitter power amplifier nonlinearities. The linearity of a power amplifier can be improved by using an adaptive nonlinear predistorter. A modified version of a previously reported polynomial lineariser is presented which has a faster rate of convergence by an order of magnitude. Faster convergence is achieved using postdistorter polynomial functions of two variables. The price is 30% higher computation load for a predistorter having six coefficients. It is shown analytically that the gain and phase errors in the output demodulator used for adaptation of the predistorter simply result in a phase offset equal to the phase error. Adaptability of the proposed lineariser with changes in the power amplifier, predistorter quadrature modulator and the output demodulator are tested. Results show that the lineariser can adapt to these changes. The effect of the rotation of the demodulated output signal phase on convergence is studied. It is shown that the optimum value for this rotation is in the range of 15 to 70°. Spectrum-spreading results for different values of output back-off are included.
Functional roles of the nucleotide-binding folds in the activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. (1993)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a member of the traffic ATPase superfamily, possesses two putative nucleotide-binding folds (NBFs). The NBFs are sufficiently similar that sequence alignment of highly conserved regions can be used to identify analogous residues in the two domains. To determine whether this structural homology is paralleled in function, we compared the activation of chloride conductance by forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine in Xenopus oocytes expressing CFTRs bearing mutations in NBF1 or NBF2. Mutation of a conserved glycine in the putative linker domain in either NBF produced virtually identical changes in the sensitivity of chloride conductance to activating conditions, and mutation of this site in both NBFs produced additive effects, suggesting that in the two NBFs this region plays a similar and critical role in the activation process. In contrast, amino acid substitutions in the Walker A and B motifs, thought to form an integral part of the nucleotide-binding pockets, produced strikingly different effects in NBF1 and NBF2. Substitutions for the conserved lysine (Walker A) or aspartate (Walker B) in NBF1 resulted in a marked decrease in sensitivity to activation, whereas the same changes in NBF2 produced an increase in sensitivity. These results are consistent with a model for the activation of CFTR in which both NBF1 and NBF2 are required for normal function but in which either the nature or the exact consequences of nucleotide binding differ for the two domains.
A novel traveling wave fault location method based on distance proportion and time difference for distribution network (2015)

In order to solve the problem that the accuracy of fault location is influenced by traveling wave speed and conductor sag, a new method of traveling wave fault location based on the distance proportion and time difference presented in this paper. Firstly, installed traveling wave acquisition device at the end of each line and substation bus in distribution network, a standard array of the arrival time difference of traveling wave is constructed based on the time difference between simulating faults and the head/end of fault line. And then, comparing the actual array of the arrival time difference of traveling wave with the standard array, the fault section can be distinguished. Calculating the distance ratio between the fault point to the head of fault section and the whole length of the fault line, then the fault position is determined on the basis of the location of each tower and cable connector. Finally, the ATP/EMTP simulation results show that this method is not affected by the wave velocity and the change of line length, and with high fault location precision compared with traditional method.
Effects of Management Skills on Sci-Tech Libraries (1984)

Briefly discusses the relationship between management skills and the resulting effectiveness of sci-tech libraries involved. The activities making up management skills are cited, along with a brief look at the different levels of management usually associated with these libraries.
The Use of Ontologies in Contextually Aware Environments (2004)

In this paper we outline work in progress related to the construction of contextually aware pervasive computing environments, through the use of semantic and knowledge technologies. Key to this activity is modelling both where and what a user is doing at any given time. We present a prototype application to illustrate this work and describe part of its implementation.
Intrinsic Errors on Sheet Strain Measurements Based on a Printed Square Grid (1998)

The paper studies the intrinsic errors on strain measurements induced by the application of an electrochemical etched square grid through serigraphy. Systematic periodic strains are observed when the etched grid is directly measured before any mechanical deformation. These apparent, non-zero strains are the errors induced by the imperfection of the applied grid. They determine the limiting precision of the measuring process. The errors are due to interference between the periodic square grid and an underlying periodic structure, the dot structure of the printer used for the original drawing of the grid or the periodic pitch of the serigraphic tissue and even both. Although they are small, they can suggest an unstable deformation, even at large strains. [S1087-1357(00)02004-9]
Removal of phenolic compounds from a petrochemical effluent with a methanogenic consortium (1999)

A methanogenic consortium was used to degrade phenol and ortho- (o-) cresol from a specific effluent of a petrochemical refinery. This effluent did not meet the local environmental regulations for phenolic compounds (178 mg/L), oils and greases (61 mg/L), ammoniacal nitrogen (75 mg/L) or sulfides (3.2 mg/L). The consortium, which degrades phenol via its carboxylation to benzoic acid, was progressively adapted to the effluent. Despite the very high effluent toxicity (EC50 of 2% with Microtox), the adapted consortium degraded 97% of 156 mg/L phenol in the supplemented effluent after 13 days in batch cultures (serum bottle). The addition of proteose peptone to the effluent is essential for phenol degradation. o-cresol was also transformed but not meta- or para-cresols. A continuous flow fixed-film anaerobic bioreactor was developed with the consortium. Treating the effluent with the bioreactor reduced phenol and phenolic compounds concentrations by 97 and 83%, respectively, for a hydraulic residence time of 6 h. This treatment also reduced by about half the effluent toxicity. Oils and greases and ammoniacal nitrogen were not affected. Similar microbiological forms were observed in serum bottles and in the bioreactors with or without the petrochemical effluent. These results indicate that this methanogenic consortium can treat efficiently the phenolic compounds in this specific petrochemical effluent.
Integrity Assessment of a Hybrid DBS Probe that Enables Neurotransmitter Detection Simultaneously to Electrical Stimulation and Recording (2018)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a successful medical therapy for many treatment resistant neuropsychiatric disorders such as movement disorders; e.g., Parkinson's disease, Tremor, and dystonia. Moreover, DBS is becoming more and more appealing for a rapidly growing number of patients with other neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. In spite of the promising outcomes, the current clinical hardware used in DBS does not match the technological standards of other medical applications and as a result could possibly lead to side effects such as high energy consumption and others. By implementing more advanced DBS devices, in fact, many of these limitations could be overcome. For example, a higher channels count and smaller electrode sites could allow more focal and tailored stimulation. In addition, new materials, like carbon for example, could be incorporated into the probes to enable adaptive stimulation protocols by biosensing neurotransmitters in the brain. Updating the current clinical DBS technology adequately requires combining the most recent technological advances in the field of neural engineering. Here, a novel hybrid multimodal DBS probe with glassy carbon microelectrodes on a polyimide thin-film device assembled on a silicon rubber tubing is introduced. The glassy carbon interface enables neurotransmitter detection using fast scan cyclic voltammetry and electrophysiological recordings while simultaneously performing electrical stimulation. Additionally, the presented DBS technology shows no imaging artefacts in magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, we present a promising new tool that might lead to a better fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanism of DBS while simultaneously paving our way towards better treatments.
Reference Centiles for Serum Ferritin and Percentage of Transferrin Saturation, with Application to Mutations of the HFE Gene (2001)

Abstract Background: The gene that causes most cases of hereditary hemochromatosis is designated HFE. Individuals with mutations in the HFE gene may have increased serum iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin concentrations relative to individuals with the wild-type genotype. Methods: We generated reference centiles for percentage of transferrin saturation and serum ferritin concentrations in normal (wild-type), healthy Caucasian adults. We then examined transferrin and ferritin concentrations relative to these centiles in 81 individuals homozygous for the major hemochromatosis mutation C282Y and 438 individuals with the compound heterozygous HFE genotype C282Y/H63D. Results: Serum ferritin concentrations, but not percentage of transferrin saturation, in normal, healthy women tended to increase sharply as they progressed through menopause. Transferrin and serum ferritin centiles for normal, healthy females were lower than the corresponding centiles in normal, healthy males. C282Y homozygotes had abnormally high transferrin saturation and serum ferritin values relative to the wild types. Compound heterozygotes appeared to be a mixture of individuals with unexceptional transferrin and ferritin values and those with abnormally large values similar to the homozygotes, with equal proportions of each. Conclusions: There are age- and sex-related differences in reference centiles for the percentage of transferrin saturation and serum ferritin concentrations in normal, healthy adults. Individuals homozygous for the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene have abnormal transferrin saturation and serum ferritin values relative to the reference population; penetrance with the compound heterozygotes, as reflected by abnormal transferrin and ferritin values, is less than with the homozygotes.
Is natalizumab a breakthrough in the treatment of multiple sclerosis? (2003)

In patients with either relapsing-remitting or secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis, there were fewer new lesions/patient with natalizumab (0.7 and 1.1 with natalizumab 3 and 6 mg/kg every 28 days, respectively) than in the placebo group (9.6 new lesions/patient) over 6 months. There were also fewer relapses in the natalizumab groups than the placebo group. However, there were no changes in the Expanded Disability Status Scale scores in any of the groups. Natalizumab was well-tolerated. Thus, the initial results with natalizumab treatment over 6 months in multiple sclerosis are encouraging.
Spectroscopic Study of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from <i>Bacillus </i><i>s</i><i>ubtilis</i>:  Aqueous Chemistry and Adsorption Effects (2004)

Reactions at ionizable functional groups in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Bacillus subtilis are found to affect aqueous phase conformation and adsorption to mineral surfaces. Characterization by HPSEC, XPS, and FTIR indicates a wide range in apparent molecular mass (0.57-128 kDa), with functional group composition depending on cell growth phase (exponential vs stationary) and location in suspension (free vs cell-bound). ATR-FTIR spectroscopy shows complexation and dissociation of protons on acidic functional groups that result in alpha-helical protein conformation at pH < 2.6 and random coil (unordered) conformation at higher pH (>6). EPS exhibit higher affinity for adsorption to alpha-FeOOH than amorphous SiO(2) because of surface charge effects. Increased amide II band intensity and an amide I band shift to higher frequency indicate changes in protein structure upon adsorption. Goethite-EPS spectra show emergent vibrations consistent with P-O-Fe bonding, which suggests a role of phosphodiester groups in the adsorption reaction.
Thiolation of Q295: Site-Specific Conjugation of Hydrophobic Payloads without the Need for Genetic Engineering (2019)

Site-specific conjugation technology frequently relies on antibody engineering to incorporate rare or non-natural amino acids into the primary sequence of the protein. However, when the primary sequence is unknown or when antibody engineering is not feasible, there are very limited options for site-specific protein modification. We have developed a transglutaminase-mediated conjugation that incorporates a thiol at a "privileged" location on deglycosylated antibodies (Q295). Perhaps surprisingly, this conjugation employs a reported transglutaminase inhibitor, cystamine, as the key enzyme substrate. The chemical incorporation of a thiol at the Q295 site allows for the site-specific attachment of a plethora of commonly used and commercially available payloads via maleimide chemistry. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of this method by comparing the conjugatability, plasma stability, and in vitro potency of these site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with analogous endogenous cysteine conjugates. Cytotoxic ADCs prepared using this methodology are shown to exhibit comparable in vitro efficacy to stochastic cysteine conjugates while displaying dramatically improved plasma stability and conjugatability. In particular, we note that this technique appears to be useful for the incorporation of highly hydrophobic linker payloads without the addition of PEG modifiers. We postulate a possible mechanism for this feature by probing the local environment of the Q295 site with two fluorescent probes that are known to be sensitive to the local hydrophobic environment. In summary, we describe a highly practical method for the site-specific conjugation of genetically nonengineered antibodies, which results in plasma-stable ADCs with low intrinsic hydrophobicity. We believe that this technology will find broad utility in the ADC community.
C-Morse: Cross-technology communication with transparent Morse coding (2017)

Recent research on CTC (cross-technology communication) demonstrates the viability of direct coordination among heterogeneous devices (e.g., WiFi and ZigBee) with incompatible physical layers. Although encouraging, current solutions suffer from either severe inefficiency in channel utilization or low throughput using limited beacons. To address these limitations, this paper presents C-Morse, which leverages all traffic (such as through data packets, beacons and other control frames) to achieve a high cross-technology communication throughput. The key idea of C-Morse is to slightly perturb the transmission timing of existing WiFi packets to construct recognizable radio energy patterns without introducing noticeable delays to upper layers. At the receiver side, ZigBee captures such patterns by sensing the RSSI value, and then decodes the transmitted symbols. C-Morse also introduces a novel timing-based multiplexing technique to allow the coexistence of multiple C-Morse access points and reject other interference, showing a reliable symbol delivery ratio. As a result, C-Morse achieves a free side-channel, whose CTC throughput is as much as 9 χ of the present state of the art, while maintaining the through traffic within a negligible delay that goes unnoticed by applications and end-users.
Does erlotinib restore chemosensitivity to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer? A case series. (2011)

Erlotinib (Tarceva) in combination with gemcitabine is indicated for first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer. In preclinical models, exposure of pancreatic cancer cell lines to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor plus gemcitabine suggested enhanced cytotoxicity of gemcitabine and induced apoptosis in tumor cells. Erlotinib inhibited gemcitabine-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, which may promote cytotoxicity from gemcitabine. The effectiveness of the combination of irinotecan and cetuximab in patients with irinotecan-refractory colon cancer tumors suggests that cetuximab may circumvent irinotecan resistance. This report describes the author's experience with the use of erlotinib in patients with pancreatic cancer and discusses the possible role of erlotinib in restoring chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer.
An On-Chip Test Clock Control Scheme for Circuit Aging Monitoring (2013)

In highly reliable and durable systems, failures due to aging might result in catastrophes. Aging monitoring techniques to prevent catastrophes by predicting such a failure are required. Aging can be monitored by performing a delay test at faster clocks than functional clock in field and checking the current delay state from the test clock frequencies at which the delay test is passed or failed. In this paper, we focus on test clock control scheme for a system-onchip (SoC) with multiple clock domains. We describe limitations of existing at-speed test clock control methods and present an on-chip faster-than-at-speed test clock control scheme for intra/inter-clock domain test. Experimental results show our simulation results and area analysis. With a simple control scheme, with low area overhead, and without any modification of scan architecture, the proposed method enables faster-than-at-speed test of SoCs with multiple clock domains.
Carpal-tunnel pressure (1989)

Using the constant infusion technique, we have measured the pressures within the carpal tunnel in 30 hands in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and in 4 hands in control subjects. The mean pressure in the normal, control subjects was 13 mmHg and in the carpal tunnel syndrome patients 26 mmHg. In the normal subjects the pressures did not change along the canal, whereas in the patients the values in the middle section were 50 percent higher than the mean. Our results correspond to reports of computed tomography and magnetic resonance recordings of nonuniform dimension of the carpal tunnel.
A new LDA system utilising the optic-electro-hybrid feedback technique (1990)

The optic-electro-hybrid feedback laser Doppler anemometer (OEHF-LDA) is designed by using a controlled acousto-optic frequency shift and a hybrid feedback closed loop containing both optic and electronic signals. Instead of a wide frequency bandwidth filter, a narrow one has been used in the signal processor of the OEHF-LDA. The signal-to-noise ratio is significantly improved over that of the conventional LDA under the same frequency dynamic range. The frequency of scattering signal from the measuring volume is almost a time-invariant value determined by selecting the intermediate frequency. The application of the OEHF-LDA is demonstrated by using the system in an unsteady flow experiment made to determine the regurgitant characteristics of a mitral heart valve prosthesis.
A Short Method for Evaluating Determinants and Solving Systems of Linear Equations With Real or Complex Coefficients (1941)

THE purpose of this paper is to describe a short method for solving arbitrary systems of linear algebraic equations, and evaluating determinants, the quantities involved being either real or complex. For proofs and for treatment of complex systems whose symmetrical coefficients are conjugate, see appendix. The cases considered are: 1. Arbitrary systems with real coefficients, which occur in obtaining stresses in structures, in solving systems of linear differential equations with constant coefficients (transient problems), etc. 2. Symmetrical systems with real coefficients, which occur with d-c networks, undamped vibration, deflections in structures, least square processes, Ritz's method, etc. 3. Symmetrical systems with complex coefficients, which occur with a-c networks, and forced vibration with dissipation. 4. Arbitrary systems with complex coefficients, which occur in certain vibration problems involving gyroscopic action. 5. Systems involving two sets of variables, which occur when the currents in a network are to be found for a variety of impressed voltages, also in the approximate solution of integral equations arising in electric field problems.