gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The design of outage management system utilizing meter information based on AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) system (2011)

This The project, "Development of MDMS (Meter Data Management System) and SUN (Smart energy Utility Network)", as one of the core technology development projects for electric power industry which is funded by Ministry of Knowledge Economy, stands for the establishment of AMI system. AMI system is a core infra system for the implementation of Smart Grid system, and is a main mechanism for the realization of Demand Response based on the bi-directional communication between demand and supply. AMI system is also an intelligent infra system having a high priority for operation of future Smart Grid such as information interaction among various distributed power systems and intelligent DMS. The establishment of AMI system suffers from problems due to a huge number of outage events and real time response for those events. These problems necessitate the efficient outage management system (OMS). OMS is one of the best methodologies to show the influence of AMI system efficiently and visually. This implies the reduction of the recovering time caused from outage by the reduction of outage recognition time and the improvement of outage data quality, and also means efficient provision of information created from the introduction of AMI system. For the future, OMS based on AMI system is necessary and this study makes a contribution to solution and technology of the system.
Novel sampling methods for use with thermal desorption ion trap mass spectrometry (1994)

Novel sampling approaches have been investigated to improve the analytical utility of thermal desorption Direct Sampling Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (DSITMS). Because DSITMS involves the direct introduction of samples into an ion trap mass spectrometer, problems with detection capabilities (sensitivity and selectivity) can often occur when performing trace analysis in complex matrices. Various sampling approaches have been evaluated to improve thermal desorption detection capabilities and to extend the utilities of DSITMS methodologies without significantly increasing analysis times or the cost-effectiveness of DSITMS methods. Three sampling approaches have been investigated including solid phase microextraction (SPME), solid phase extraction columns (SPEC), and purge and trap.
Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, pathogenic for eels, is also an opportunistic pathogen for humans (1996)

We report that the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is also an opportunistic pathogen for humans. Results from a detailed comparative study using reference strains of both biotypes revealed that the clinical strain ATCC 33817, originally isolated from a human leg wound and classified as V. vulnificus (no reference on its biotype is noted), belongs to biotype 2 of the species. As a biotype 2 strain, it is negative for indole and pathogenic for eels and mice, harbors two plasmids of high MrS, and belongs to serogroup E, recently proposed as characteristic of biotype 2 strains. In consequence, appropriate measures must be taken by consumers, particularly by those running a health risk, and by fish farmers, above all when manipulating eels during epizootic outbreaks.
Association of chronic sublethal hypoxia with ventriculomegaly in the developing rat brain (1998)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains a major cause of neurodevelopmental handicap in preterm infants. Because bronchopulmonary dysplasia may be associated with prolonged hypoxemia without obvious changes in systemic blood pressure, we developed an animal model of chronic sublethal hypoxia to test the hypothesis that this insult results in significant alterations in corticogenesis in the developing brain. Three groups of newborn rats were placed in a chamber with FIO2 9.5% on postnatal day 3 (P3). One group was sacrificed at P13; a second group was sacrificed at P33, and the third group was removed at P33 and reared in normoxia until sacrifice at P63. Control rats were those raised in room air for the corresponding periods of time. Rats were transcardially perfused and the brains were embedded in celloidin and prepared for morphometric analysis using standard stereology methods. Although experimental rat pups in the third group demonstrated 'catch-up' of body weight following return to normoxia, these studies demonstrated both failure of brain growth (p<0.01) and progressive cerebral ventriculomegaly (p<0.01). Decreased subcortical white matter (p<0. 05) and corpus callosum size (p<0.01) were noted at P63 in pups reared under conditions of chronic hypoxia. Decreases in cortical volume (p<0.05) were noted at all three experimental time points for hypoxic-reared pups when compared to control animals. These data suggest that chronic sublethal hypoxia may lead to severe impairments in corticogenesis in an animal model of developing brain.
Quinazolines. Part XVI. A stereospecific cis-addition of the elements of nitromethane across a tetrasubstituted ethylenic double bond (1971)

The fusion of 3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one with nitroacetic acid at ca. 60° gave a high yield of 8a-nitromethyl-cis-octahydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one. The stereochemistry of this product was deduced by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy and by conversion, via the aminomethyl and bromomethyl derivatives, into 8a-methyl-cis-octahydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one. An authentic sample of the latter was prepared from methyl cis-2-chlorocarbonyl-trans-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate. A Schmidt reaction gave the cis-2-amino-derivative, which was converted via the 1-carbohydrazide into cis-2-aminomethyl-1-methylcyclohexylamine, which was cyclised with phosgene. A Hofmann reaction with methyl cis-2-carbamoyl-trans-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, however, gave cis-2-amino-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, which was converted into 4a-methyl-cis-octahydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one.
Differences in Low Back Pain Behavior Are Reflected in the Cerebral Response to Tactile Stimulation of the Lower Back (2008)

Successful adjustment to cLBP is associated with a patient's ability to effectively engage a sensory modulation system. In patients in whom such activation does not occur, subjective lack of control maypredispose to altered affective and behavioral responses with poor adjustment to pain. Pain experience may be furthermodified by reorganization of somatosensory cortex, contributing to maintenance of the chronic pain state.
<title>Wafer scale integration of micro-optic and optoelectronic elements by polymer UV reaction molding</title> (1999)

A replication technique allowing for the wafer scale integration of microoptical elements is presented and illustrated by various examples. The technique is based on polymer UV reaction moulding using a modified contact mask aligned where mask and wafer are replaced by the replication tool and an arbitrary substrate, respectively. The technology takes advantage of the high precision and adjustment accuracy of photolithography equipment. The replication masters are nickel shims, etched Silicon wafers or uv-transparent fused silica tools. The latter ones allow for replication on opaque substrates. Additionally, polymer elements with unique properties can be obtained by the combination of replication and resist technology using partially transparent replication tools. Wafer scale hybrid integration of microoptical subsystems is accomplished by replication of polymer elements like lenses, lens arrays, micro prisms etc. onto semiconductor wafers containing detectors or VCSELs, or by combining microoptical elements on both sides of a glass wafer. The use of thin layers of uv cured polymers on inorganic substrates results in good thermal and mechanical stability compare to all-polymer devices.
Generating New Yeast Prions (2000)

For a controversy that many insist is settled, the long-running argument over whether abnormal proteins called prions act alone to cause disease has had amazing staying power. The stakes in the debate are high, because prions are implicated in several fatal neurodegenerative diseases, including human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or “mad cow disease.” But while most researchers now support the so-called “protein-only” hypothesis, a vocal minority insists that it is not yet proven—and that an as-yet-unidentified microbe, such as a virus, may team up with the prion protein to devastate the nervous system (Science, 22 October 1999, p. 660). New findings in yeast, reported in this issue and in the January issue of Molecular Cell, may now provide additional comfort for the prion proponents, although skeptics are unlikely to be convinced.
Outcome following decompressive craniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction in children (2010)

Decompressive craniectomy can lead to a moderately good outcome for children with MMCAI and should be considered, even with symptomatic stroke and deep coma. Monitoring of intracranial pressure may delay life-saving treatment.
ETC: Encoding Long and Structured Inputs in Transformers (2020)

Transformer models have advanced the state of the art in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. In this paper, we present a new Transformer architecture, Extended Transformer Construction (ETC), that addresses two key challenges of standard Transformer architectures, namely scaling input length and encoding structured inputs. To scale attention to longer inputs, we introduce a novel global-local attention mechanism between global tokens and regular input tokens. We also show that combining global-local attention with relative position encodings and a Contrastive Predictive Coding (CPC) pre-training objective allows ETC to encode structured inputs. We achieve state-of-the-art results on four natural language datasets requiring long and/or structured inputs.
Chromosomally Encoded AmpC-Type β-Lactamase in a Clinical Isolate of <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (1998)

A clinical strain of Proteus mirabilis (CF09) isolated from urine specimens of a patient displayed resistance to amoxicillin (MIC >4,096 microg/ml), ticarcillin (4,096 microg/ml), cefoxitin (64 microg/ml), cefotaxime (256 microg/ml), and ceftazidime (128 microg/ml) and required an elevated MIC of aztreonam (4 microg/ml). Clavulanic acid did not act synergistically with cephalosporins. Two beta-lactamases with apparent pIs of 5.6 and 9.0 were identified by isoelectric focusing on a gel. Substrate and inhibition profiles were characteristic of an AmpC-type beta-lactamase with a pI of 9.0. Amplification by PCR with primers for ampC genes (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter freundii) of a 756-bp DNA fragment from strain CF09 was obtained only with C. freundii-specific primers. Hybridization results showed that the ampC gene is only chromosomally located while the TEM gene is plasmid located. After cloning of the gene, analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence (1,146 bp) showed that this ampC gene is close to blaCMY-2, from which it differs by three point mutations leading to amino acid substitutions Glu --> Gly at position 22, Trp --> Arg at position 201, and Ser --> Asn at position 343. AmpC beta-lactamases derived from that of C. freundii (LAT-1, LAT-2, BIL-1, and CMY-2) have been found in Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, and Enterobacter aerogenes and have been reported to be plasmid borne. This is the first example of a chromosomally encoded AmpC-type beta-lactamase observed in P. mirabilis. We suggest that it be designated CMY-3.
In Situ Antibody Detection and Charge Discrimination Using Aqueous Stable Pentacene Transistor Biosensors (2011)

Pentacene-based organic thin-film transistors were used to create highly sensitive, real-time electronic sensors for selective antibody detection. Bovine serum albumin was covalently attached to a modified pentacene surface to selectively detect the label free monoclonal antiBSA. These sensors displayed a high affinity constant (K(A)) of (1.1 ± 3) × 10(7) M(-1) at pH 7, which is 1 order of magnitude higher than those obtained with a highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy detection system. Furthermore, a high degree of discrimination in the hybrid antiBSA charges was achieved at different pH values. This demonstration of fast, label-free, real-time detection of nanoscale biomolecules in aqueous buffer solutions using the organic transistor sensing platform will have a significant impact on high-performance microarrays in addition to discriminating the presence of ionizable groups.
Specific heat of cesium dideuterium arsenate (CsD2AsO4) from 0 to 120°C (1975)

The specific heat of cesium dideuterium arsenate (CsD2AsO4) was measured with a scanning differential calorimetric method in the temperature range from 0 to 120 °C. Using a least-squares curve fit, the power-series expression of the specific heat in this temperature range is found to be Cp(cal g−1 deg−1) =0.1111+1.80×10−4 T (°C)−5.9×10−9T2(°C). The specific heats at 25 and 100 °C are 0.1156±0.0005 and 0.1290±0.0005 cal g−1 deg−1, respectively. The crystal can be 90° phase matched for the nonlinear second-harmonic generation of 1.06-μm lasers in this temperature range.
The Application of Value Management in Enhancing Quality in Engineering (1993)

At the end of the second world war, General Electric was experiencing shortages of parts and materials. Lawrence D Miles of GE began using multi-discipline teams and a particular systematic approach to solving problems. GE saved 25% to 30% off hardware and product costs without degrading performance. Miles called this systematic approach Value Analysis (VA). This paper talks about Value Management, a modem development of Value Analysis, a technique that has been improving products and services, satisfying customers, resolving complex issues and saving heaps of money for close to 5 decades. Its use is widespread; in fact nearly half the companies listed in Tom Peters In Search of Excellence use it. The Japanese were not slow in picking it up either. Nearly every manufacturing company in Japan uses it. Yet despite its track record and widespread use overseas the profile of Value Management in Australia remains quite low.
Nonclassical Conducting Polymers: New Approaches to Organic Metals? (1998)

New nonclassical conducting polymers recently suggested by Jerome A. Berson, namely, meta-phenylene-bridged dimethylenethiophenes, -pyrroles, and -furans (right; X = S, NR, O), are discussed with respect to their magnetic and conducting properties.
Frequency assignment: Theory and applications (1980)

In this paper we introduce the minimum-order approach to frequency assignment and present a theory which relates this approach to the traditional one. This new approach is potentially more desirable than the traditional one. We model assignment problems as both frequency-distance constrained and frequency constrained optimization problems. The frequency constrained approach should be avoided if distance separation is employed to mitigate interference. A restricted class of graphs, called disk graphs, plays a central role in frequency-distance constrained problems. We introduce two generalizations of chromatic number and show that many frequency assignment problems are equivalent to generalized graph coloring problems. Using these equivalences and recent results concerning the complexity of graph coloring, we classify many frequency assignment problems according to the "execution time efficiency" of algorithms that may be devised for their solution. We discuss applications to important real world problems and identify areas for further work.
Biomimetic Stimulus-Responsive Star Diblock Gelators (2005)

Novel biomimetic gelators with star diblock copolymer architectures have been synthesized by atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Two types of trifunctional ATRP initiator were used to polymerize 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine [MPC] at 20 degrees C, followed by sequential monomer addition of various tertiary amine methacrylates or mixtures thereof. Poor living character was achieved using an amide-based trifunctional initiator, but the analogous triester initiator gave reasonably well-defined thermo-responsive and pH-responsive star diblock copolymers. The most effective thermo-responsive gelators were obtained by the statistical terpolymerization of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate [DMA], 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate [DEA], and a monomethoxy-capped poly(propylene oxide) methacrylate [PPOMA], whereas pH-responsive gelators were prepared using 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate [DPA] as the second monomer. Star diblock copolymer gelators that were both thermo-responsive and pH-responsive were obtained by the statistical copolymerization of DMA with DPA. Copolymer compositions were assessed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular weight distributions of the three-arm star MPC homopolymer precursors were assessed by aqueous gel permeation chromatography. Static light scattering was used to obtain weight-average molecular weights of selected star diblock copolymers and rheological measurements and variable-temperature 1H NMR were used to probe the onset of gelation.
Localization, Regulation, and Substrate Transport Properties of Bpt1p, a <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> MRP-Type ABC Transporter (2002)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bpt1p is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein that belongs to the MRP subfamily and is a close homologue of the glutathione conjugate (GS conjugate) transporter Ycf1p. The function of Bpt1p has previously been evaluated only in vitro, by using nonphysiological substrates. In the present study we examined the localization, regulation, and transport properties of Bpt1p in vivo, as well as its capacity to transport a set of prototypical MRP substrates in vitro. Our results show that Bpt1p, like Ycf1p, localizes to the yeast vacuolar membrane, plays a role in cadmium detoxification and ade2 pigmentation in vivo, and can participate in the transport of GS conjugates and glucuronate conjugates, as well as free glutathione, in vitro. However, in all of these cases the contribution of Bpt1p is substantially less than that of Ycf1p. In addition, the expression patterns of YCF1 and BPT1 differ significantly. Whereas YCF1 expression is markedly increased by cadmium, adenine limitation in an ade2 strain, or overexpression of the stress-responsive transcription factor Yap1p, BPT1 expression is only modestly affected under these conditions. Thus, although the functional capabilities of Bpt1p and Ycf1p overlap, their differences in regulation and substrate preference imply that they contribute to cellular detoxification processes in different ways.
Joint precoding and fronthaul optimization for C-RANs in ergodic fading channels (2015)

This work investigates the joint design of fronthaul compression and precoding for the downlink of Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RANs). The main goal is that of bringing insight into an aspect of the optimal functional split between Radio Units (RUs) and Central Unit (CU), namely: where should precoding be performed? Unlike previous works, we tackle this issue for a practical scenario with block-ergodic channels and either instantaneous or stochastic Channel State Information (CSI) at the CU. Optimization algorithms over fronthaul compression and precoding are proposed that are based on a stochastic successive upper-bound minimization approach. Via numerical results, the relative merits of two strategies, in which precoding is carried out at the CU or at the RUs, are evaluated as a function of system parameters such as fronthaul capacity and channel coherence time under either instantaneous or stochastic CSI at the CU.
Interferon Gamma Administration Increases Monocyte HLA-DR Antigen Expression but Not Endogenous Interferon Production (1994)

Interferon gamma administration after injury stimulated monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression and density but failed to improve interferon gamma production, a T-cell-mediated function. The incidence of infection was not decreased by the administration of interferon gamma for 10 days. Improvement in monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression did not correlate with a global restoration of immune function, and other interventions will be necessary to decrease infection after injury.
A programming environment for real-time control of distributed multiple robotic systems (2000)

In recent years there has been great interest in robot software control architectures. However, although many interesting solutions have been presented, most of the research problems tackled related to a single robot perception, navigation and action in everyday environments. Instead, most of the practical applications of mobile robotics for service tasks in civilian environments consist of systems composed of multiple robots communicating with each other, with external sensing and actuating devices, and with external supervising workstations. RoboCup offers a great opportunity to deal with this problem. In fact the software architecture of a robot soccer player must allow successful intra-robot integration of the different activities (visual perception, path planning, strategy planning, motion control, etc.) spanning many different types of representation (raw sensor data, images, symbolic plans, etc.) and it must also guarantee successful inter-robot integration by supporting communication and cooperation. This paper focuses on this problem, presenting ETHNOS-IV - a programming environment for the design of a real-time control system composed of different robots, devices and external supervising or control stations - which has been successfully used within the Italian ART robot team in the RoboCup-99 competition. ETHNOS provides support from three main point of views which will be addressed in detail: inter-robot and intra-robot communication, realtime task scheduling, and software engineering and code reuse. Experimental results illustrating the advantages of this approach will also be presented.
Targeting Animal Waste Pollution Potential Using a Geographic Information System (1991)

Data on livestock operations were added as a data layer and corresponding attribute table to the Virginia Geographic Information System (VirGIS) for seven counties in Virginia. A simple model calculates an animal waste pollution index (AWPI) which rates each site based on waste load, slope, and distance-to-stream. These factors are considered both for the facility as well as for the potential land application area surrounding the farm site. The geographic information system (GIS) database and model were used to produce maps and corresponding tables of facilities ranked by AWPI. Outputs were used as a screening tool to identify high-risk sites. Model evaluation based on 1253 farm sites in Rockingham County and 311 sites in Augusta County indicate a balance in site versus application area contribution to AWPI. For these two counties, the distribution of AWPI ratings is conducive to effective targeting. No relationship between animal type and AWPI was evident.
Wash-free immunomagnetic detection for serum through magnetic susceptibility reduction (2007)

In this study, a platform for wash-free immunomagnetic detections is discussed. The reagent is a magnetic fluid composed of biofunctionalized magnetic particles dispersed in water. The assay instrument is a mixed-frequency magnetosusceptometer. The mixed-frequency ac magnetic susceptibility χac of the magnetic reagent is reduced, as a result of the formation of magnetic clusters via the association among magnetic nanoparticles and a specific biotarget. The immunoassay detection of proteins in water, such as aqueous c-reactive protein, is characterized and is compared to that in serum. These observations demonstrate the advantages of high convenience, high sensitivity, and high specificity for χac-reduction immunomagnetic detection.