gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction of Golay Complementary Matrices and Its Applications to MIMO Omnidirectional Transmission (2021)

Golay complementary sequences (GCS) have found wide applications in radar and communications thanks to their prominent property of complementary autocorrelation. This paper studies the extension of Golay complementary sequences to Golay complementary matrices (GCM), i.e, a pair of matrices whose two-dimensional autocorrelations add to be a two-dimensional <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math></inline-formula> -function. While the construction of (real) binary GCM are available in the literature, how to construct the quaternary GCM (and the more general unimodular GCM) remains unknown. We put together this missing piece, and show the feasible size that allows for binary and quaternary GCM. The feasible sizes can be further expanded if the phases of the matrices’ entries can be arbitrary. In addition, we consider the extension of the GCM to the set of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N\geq 2$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) matrices, whose two-dimensional autocorrelations add to be a two-dimensional <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math></inline-formula> -function, which we refer to as autocorrelation complementary matrices (ACM). For <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N=4$</tex-math></inline-formula> , the ACM allows for matrices of arbitrary size. The GCM/ACM can be applied to omnidirectional transmission for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication system with a uniform rectangular array (URA), which is useful for broadcasting cell-wide common messages. We propose two schemes for omnidirectional transmission, one is based on space-time block code (STBC) and the other is based on the dual cross-polarization of the antenna array. Both schemes can be implemented in the radio frequency (RF) analog domain, generating (theoretically) perfect omnidirectional beampattern with low hardware cost.
Experimental Determination of Photofission Neutron Multiplicities for Eight Isotopes in the Mass Range 232 ≤ <i>A</i> ≤ 239 (1975)

The prompt- and delayed-neutron multiplicities for photofission of the eight isotopes, 232Th, 233U, 234U, 235U, 236U, 238U, 237Np, and 239Pu, have been measured using bremsstrahlung with end-point energies ranging from 8 to 13 MeV. The measured multiplicities are compared with those from the same compound nucleus formed in neutron-induced fission where such data exist.
Partial volume estimation of brain cortex from MRI using topology-corrected segmentation (2009)

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), accuracy of brain structures quantification may be affected by the partial volume (PV) effect. PV is due to the limited spatial resolution of MRI compared to the size of anatomical structures. When considering the cortex, measurements can be even more difficult as it spans only a few voxels. In tight sulci areas, where the two banks of the cortex are in contact, voxels may be misclassified. The aim of this work is to propose a new PV classification-estimation method which integrates a mechanism for correcting sulci delineation using topology preserving operators after a maximum a posteriori classification. Additionally, we improved the estimation of mixed voxels fractional content by adaptively estimating pure tissue intensity means. Accuracy and precision were assessed using simulated and real MR data and comparison with other existing approaches demonstrated the benefits of our method. Significant improvements in GM classification were brought by the topology correction. The root mean squared error diminished by 6.3% (p < 0.01) on simulated data. The reproducibility error decreased by 9.6% (p < 0.001) and the similarity measure (Jaccard) increased by 3.4% on real data. Furthermore, compared with manually-guided expert segmentations the similarity measure was improved by 12.0% (p < 0.001).
Ciliary diffusion barrier: The gatekeeper for the primary cilium compartment (2011)

The primary cilium is a cellular antenna that detects and transmits chemical and mechanical cues in the environment through receptors and downstream signal proteins enriched along the ciliary membrane. While it is known that ciliary membrane proteins enter the cilium by way of vesicular and intraflagellar transport, less is known about how ciliary membrane proteins are retained in, and how apical membrane proteins are excluded from the cilium. Here, we review evidence for a membrane diffusion barrier at the base of the primary cilium, and highlight the recent finding of a septin cytoskeleton diffusion barrier. We also discuss candidate ciliopathy genes that may be involved in formation of the barrier, and the role of a diffusion barrier as a common mechanism for compartmentalizing membranes and lipid domains.
Multifaceted Therapeutic Approaches for a Multigenic Disease (2005)

Diabetes is a severe chronic disease that affects approximately 200 million individuals worldwide, with extremely debilitating effects and considerably high health care costs. The two major classes of diabetes, known as type 1 (previously known as insulin-dependent or juvenile-onset diabetes) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent diabetes), share common symptoms such as hyperglycemia and the development of long-term complications, but they differ in many aspects, including their etiopathogenesis. New insights suggest that overlapping factors, formerly considered typical hallmarks of each specific type, can coexist in the same diabetic patient, making it difficult to support a sharp distinction between the two classes and, more importantly, to adopt appropriate therapeutic solutions. In type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects, but even more in patients with combined types, multiple genetic factors play a role in determining susceptibility or resistance to the disease, and perhaps also the time of onset, the severity of the symptoms, the possibility of developing complications and, ultimately, the response to therapy. In this review, the therapeutic treatments currently under investigation, as well as the curative strategies envisioned for future applications, are reanalyzed considering the multifaceted and complex aspects of a continuum that can be just defined as "diabetes."
Cardiac and CNS defects in a mouse with targeted disruption of suppressor of fused (2005)

The hedgehog (Hh) pathway is conserved from Drosophila to humans and plays a key role in embryonic development. In addition, activation of the pathway in somatic cells contributes to cancer development in several tissues. Suppressor of fused is a negative regulator of Hh signaling. Targeted disruption of the murine suppressor of fused gene (Sufu) led to a phenotype that included neural tube defects and lethality at mid-gestation (9.0-10.5 dpc). This phenotype resembled that caused by loss of patched (Ptch1), another negative regulator of the Hh pathway. Consistent with this finding, Ptch1 and Sufu mutants displayed excess Hh signaling and resultant altered dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube. Sufu mutants also had abnormal cardiac looping, indicating a defect in the determination of left-right asymmetry. Marked expansion of nodal expression in 7.5 dpc embryos and variable degrees of node dysmorphology in 7.75 dpc embryos suggested that the pathogenesis of the cardiac developmental abnormalities was related to node development. Other mutants of the Hh pathway, such as Shh, Smo and Shh/Ihh compound mutants, also have laterality defects. In contrast to Ptch1 heterozygous mice, Sufu heterozygotes had no developmental defects and no apparent tumor predisposition. The resemblance of Sufu homozygotes to Ptch1 homozygotes is consistent with mouse Sufu being a conserved negative modulator of Hh signaling.
A 3D culture system enhances the ability of human bone marrow stromal cells to support the growth of limbal stem/progenitor cells (2016)

The standard method of cultivating limbal epithelial progenitor/stem cells (LSCs) on a monolayer of mouse 3T3 feeder cells possesses the risk of cross-contamination in clinical applications. Human feeder cells have been used to eliminate this risk; however, efficiency from xenobiotic-free cultures on a monolayer appears to be lower than in the standard method using 3T3 cells. We investigated whether bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, could serve as feeder cells for the expansion of LSCs in the 3-dimensional (3D) system. Primary single human LSCs on a monolayer of 3T3s served as the control. Very poor growth was observed when single LSCs were cultured on BMSCs. When LSC clusters were cultured on a BMSC monolayer (CC-BM), 3D culture system (3D CC-BM) and fibrin 3D system (fibrin 3D CC-BM), the 3D CC-BM method supported a greater LSC expansion. The 3D CC-BM system produced a 2.5-fold higher cell growth rate than the control (p<0.05). The proportion of K14(+) and p63α(bright) cells was comparable to those in the control (p>0.05), whereas the proportion of K12(+) cells was lower (p<0.05). These results indicate that BMSCs can efficiently support the expansion of the LSC population in the 3D culture.
Angiogenesis in chronic liver disease and its complications (2010)

Nowadays, liver cancer, cirrhosis and other liver-related diseases are the fifth most common cause of mortality in the UK. Furthermore, chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are one of the major causes of death, which are still increasing year-on-year. Therefore, knowledge about the pathophysiology of CLDs and its complications is of uttermost importance. The goal of this review is to clarify the role of angiogenesis in the disease progression of various liver diseases. Looking closer at the pathophysiology of portal hypertension (PH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we find that angiogenesis is a recurring factor in the disease progression. In PH, several factors involved in its pathogenesis, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammation and shear stress are potential mediators for the angiogenic response. The progression from fibrosis to cirrhosis, the end-point of CLDs, is distinguished by a prolonged inflammatory and fibrogenic process that leads to an abnormal angioarchitecture distinctive for cirrhosis. In several stages of NASH, a link might be made between the disease progression and hepatic microvasculature changes. HCC is one of the most vascular solid tumours in which angiogenesis plays an important role in its development, progression and metastasis. The close relationship between the progression of CLDs and angiogenesis emphasises the need for anti-angiogenic therapy as a tool for blocking or slowing down the disease progression. The fact that angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in CLDs gives rise to new opportunities for treating CLDs and its complications.
Graphene field-effect transistors-based biosensors for Escherichia coli detection (2016)

Novel devices are desperately required for effective detection of bacteria because of its potential risks in the fields of food safety and public health. In this paper, we demonstrated graphene field-effect transistors (G-FETs) for Escherichia coli (E. coli) detection. Linker molecules and antibodies were employed to functionalize graphene. Raman spectroscopy and confocal microscopy were used to confirm the functionalization process of the linker molecules and antibodies. The linker molecule (1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester, PBASE) contains two parts: pyrene backbone and succinimidyl ester group. Pyrene attached onto the graphene surface via π-π stacking, and succinimidyl ester group covalently reacted with amino group of antibodies. Antibodies functionalized G-FETs enabled effective E. coli detection. The results showed that the Dirac point of the G-FETs shifted to right after detection of E. coli bacteria. Our G-FETs devices showed an obvious increase in the electrical current when the E. coli concentration was 5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> CFU/mL. The simple and label-free biosensor reported here possesses promising potential to serve as a platform for other bacteria, protein and small molecule detection.
In vitro bypass of UV-induced lesions by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I: specificity of nucleotide incorporation. (1983)

A variety of DNA polymerases, synthesizing in vitro on an UV-irradiated phi X174 DNA template, terminate synthesis one nucleotide before the 3' pyrimidines of putative dimers on the template. We have devised a system using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment) that can synthesize past at least some of these dimers. The bypass is carried out in a multistep process--first, the incorporation of nucleotides opposite the pyrimidines in the dimer and, then, the addition of nucleotides complementary to the bases distal to the dimer. The insertion of a nucleotide opposite the first (3') pyrimidine of a putative dimer in the presence of Mn2+ occurs in a concentration-dependent fashion with a 3- to 4-fold preference for purine nucleotides over pyrimidine nucleotides. In the presence of Mg2+, insertion is less frequent. Correlation of these results with in vivo mutation data suggests a role for the polymerase in determining the spectrum of base substitution mutagenesis in SOS induced cells.
Modernización y precarización de la vida en el trabajo (2009)

En Francia, como en otros países europeos, los empleos precarios se han desarrollado intensamente. Contratos de duración determinada, períodos de interinidad, trabajo a tiempo parcial, trabajo estacional constituyen el destino de una parte no despreciable de la población activa; una gran parte de los asalariados los sufren y no solicitan de hecho que trabajar más y de manera más regular. Es un fenómeno suficientemente conocido para no ser desarrollado aquí, a pesar de que exista un debate entre quienes pretenden que la precariedad puede ser dominada, incluso apreciada y vivida como un contratiempo menor, y quienes insisten sobre las inmensas dificultades entre las que los asalariados deben debatirse en razón de dicha precariedad.
Endogenous orphanin FQ: evidence for a role in the modulation of electroacupuncture analgesia and the development of tolerance to analgesia produced by morphine and electroacupuncture (1998)

1. Our previous work has demonstrated that exogenously administered orphanin FQ (OFQ) antagonizes morphine analgesia and electroacupuncture analgesia (EAA) in the brain and potentiates morphine analgesia and EAA in the spinal cord of the rat. In the present study we evaluated the role of endogenously released OFQ in the development of tolerance to morphine and electroacupuncture (EA) and the analgesia produced by electroacupuncture, by use of the IgG fraction of an anti-OFQ antibody (OFQ-Ab) microinjected into the rat central nervous system (CNS). 2. EAA was produced by stimulating rats at a frequency of 100 Hz. Rats were classified as either high responders (HR) or low responders (LR) based on the analgesic effects of EA. LRs could be converted into HRs by the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) microinjection of OFQ-Ab at both 1:1 and 1:10 dilutions but not 1:100. HRs could be changed into LRs by the intrathecal (i.t.) injection of OFQ-Ab at both 1:1 and 1:10 dilutions, but not 1:100. 3. Acute morphine tolerance was induced in rats by repeated subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of morphine (5 mg kg, every 2 h) for 16 h. When injected i.c.v. the OFQ-Ab (1:1 dilution) had no effect on the development of acute morphine tolerance. 4. Chronic morphine tolerance was produced in rats by repeated injection of morphine (5-60 mg kg, s.c., 3 x a day) for 6 days. I.c.v. injection of OFQ-Ab (1:1 dilution) reversed this type of morphine tolerance in rats by 50% (P < 0.01). 5. Acute tolerance to the analgesia produced by EA developed after 6 h of continuous (100 Hz, 3 mA) stimulation. This tolerance was almost completely reversed by the i.c.v. injection of OFQ-Ab (1:1 dilution) (P < 0.05). 6. Chronic tolerance to the analgesic effect of EA was produced by repeatedly administering increasing current (1, 2 and 3 mA, each lasting for 10 min, for a total of 30 min) at a frequency of 100 Hz once a day for 6 days. I.c.v. injection of OFQ-Ab (1:1 dilution) reversed this kind of tolerance by 50% (P < 0.01). 7. Together these results suggest that 100 Hz EA may enhance the release of endogenous OFQ in the CNS of the rat, which in turn may act to antagonize EA-produced analgesia in the brain but potentiate EA produced analgesia in the spinal cord. Therefore, OFQ appears to play an important role in the development of tolerance to the analgesic effects produced by EA. 8. The mechanisms underlying the development of acute morphine tolerance and chronic morphine tolerance appear to be different. Central OFQ may play an important role in the development of tolerance after chronic morphine administration.
Isolation and characterization of a manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from yeast. (1975)

The cyanide-insensitive superoxide dismutase of yeast has been shown to be localized in the mitochondrial matrix. This enzyme has been isolated in good yield from bakers' yeast. Its molecular weight is 96,000. It is a tetramer, being composed of four subunits of equal size. Exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate at 100 degrees caused dissociation into dimers, while similar treatment but in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol caused complete dissociation into monomers. This enzyme contains 1 atom of manganese per subunit and its absorption in the visible suggests Mn(III) in the resting enzyme. Ascorbate caused partial bleaching, presumably by reduction to Mn(II). The amino acid composition was determined. This enzyme has activity comparable to that of other previously reported superoxide dismutases and like the chicken mitochondrial and the bacterial enzymes, its rate of reaction with O2 falls as the pH is raised above 7.8. Crystals of high quality were easily prepared.
Integrated BHA Modeling Delivers Optimal BHA Design (2007)

Abstract This paper presents the development of a new bottomhole assembly (BHA) program and how it is used to deliver optimal BHA design. The new program allows users to run static and dynamic models in the same application which will save time and minimize errors. For the static model, the program uses the newly developed generic algorithm for solving the Lubinski's BHA equations directly. The strengths of the new algorithm are accuracy and computation efficiency, as compared to the conventional finite-element based BHA programs. In addition, the program is designed to run fast on a personal computer (PC) with an intuitive user interface so that it can be used to optimize BHA design in the office as well as at the rig site. The static model is primarily designed for directional drilling applications, such as optimal BHA design for maximum steerability, bending moment calculations to minimize fatigue failure, and BHA sag corrections to improve survey quality. The dynamic model is based on a hybrid of analytical and finite-element methods to calculate the critical rotary speeds of the BHA. This paper describes the significance of applying these features in a user-friendly application to improve the optimization process and maximize drilling performance.
Distance Dependence of Single-Fluorophore Quenching by Gold Nanoparticles Studied on DNA Origami (2012)

We study the distance-dependent quenching of fluorescence due to a metallic nanoparticle in proximity of a fluorophore. In our single-molecule measurements, we achieve excellent control over structure and stoichiometry by using self-assembled DNA structures (DNA origami) as a breadboard where both the fluorophore and the 10 nm metallic nanoparticle are positioned with nanometer precision. The single-molecule spectroscopy method employed here reports on the co-localization of particle and dye, while fluorescence lifetime imaging is used to directly obtain the correlation of intensity and fluorescence lifetime for varying particle to dye distances. Our data can be well explained by exact calculations that include dipole-dipole orientation and distances. Fitting with a more practical model for nanosurface energy transfer yields 10.4 nm as the characteristic distance of 50% energy transfer. The use of DNA nanotechnology together with minimal sample usage by attaching the particles to the DNA origami directly on the microscope coverslip paves the way for more complex experiments exploiting dye-nanoparticle interactions.
Infectious Mononucleosis: Appearance of Neutralizing Antibody to Epstein-Barr Virus Measured by Inhibition of Formation of Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines (1972)

Sera taken before illness and during convalescence from patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) were examined for their ability to neutralize the capacity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to stimulate formation of lymphoblastoid cell lines from human leukocytes in vitro. Neutralizing activity was not detected in 13 of 15 sera taken before illness and was present at a dilution of 1:4 or higher in all of 24 sera taken after illness. EBV-neutralizing activity was found in sera collected during the first week of illness and was also demonstrated in a serum obtained many years after illness. The titer of neutralizing activity in sera of two patients studied sequentially did not change significantly during the first year after 1M. The results demonstrate appearance of EBV-neutralizing antibody in 1M and support previous seroepidemiologic studies which indicate that EBV is the etiologic agent of IM.
Position control of VTOL UAVs using IMU and GPS measurements (2011)

We propose a new position control scheme for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs). Traditionally, the control schemes for this type of vehicle assume that the system attitude is accurately known (or measured). Unfortunately, there does not exist any sensor that directly measures the orientation of a rigid body. Instead, to obtain the orientation of the aircraft, separately designed attitude-estimation schemes relying, for instance, on an inertial measurement unit (IMU) must be employed. Consequently, one drawback of this common practice, on top of the possible inaccuracies in recovering the systems attitude, is mainly related to the difficulty of proving the stability of the overall closed-loop system (observer-controller). Motivated by this problem, we propose a new position control scheme that does not require the recovery of the system's attitude. Instead, we rely on a direct use of the vector measurements provided by the IMU. Our approach can efficiently handle large linear accelerations, which is not the case in traditional controllers relying on IMU-based attitude observers that assume that the accelerometer provides a measurement of the gravity vector in the body-attached frame.