gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms Are Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (2003)

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) variants were previously demonstrated in cardiovascular disease. To evaluate whether eNOS gene variants are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, we evaluated polymorphisms in Exon7 (E298D), intron 18 (IVS18 + 27A-->C), and intron 23 (IVS23 + 10G-->T) in 159 type 2 diabetic patients without macrovascular complications and in 207 healthy control subjects. Samples for all hormonal and metabolic variables were obtained after an overnight fast. The D298 and IVS18 + 27C alleles, but not the IVS23 + 10G-->T variant, were significantly more frequent in type 2 diabetic patients than in control subjects. The two- and three-loci haplotype analysis showed that there is a statistically significant association between the eNOS variants and type 2 diabetes. No significant differences were observed in the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients according to genotypes (except for visceral obesity [waist-to-hip ratio], which was significantly more present in D298 homozygotes). Healthy control subjects homozygous for both D298 and IVS18 + 27C presented higher insulin, C-peptide, and nitric oxide levels, as well as higher HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) values than the double wild-type homozygotes, with values superimposable on those found in type 2 diabetic patients. In conclusion, we described a significant association between eNOS gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes, suggesting a new genetic susceptibility factor for hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
New inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and their potential therapeutic targets (2002)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a DNA-binding protein that is activated by nicks in the DNA molecule. It regulates the activity of various enzymes, including itself, that are involved in the control of DNA metabolism. Evidence obtained with both benzamide and isoquinolinone PARP inhibitors and the PARP-1(-/-) phenotype, clearly indicate that PARP plays an important role in NO/ROS-induced cell damage during inflammation, ischaemia and neurodegeneration. PARP is involved in the maintenance of genomic stability and PARP inhibition may also potentiate the cytotoxic action of agents used in cancer therapy. Benzamides, although not very potent (IC50 ~ 20 – 50 μM) PARP inhibitors, have been widely used to probe PARP functions, because of their lack of toxicity both in vitro and in vivo, even at high doses. In the early 1990s, a new class of very potent PARP inhibitors (i.e., at least 100-fold more potent thatn benzamide), the dihydroisoquinolinones, benzamide derivatives with the carbamoyl group constrained into the antiorientation, was discovered. At the same time, a large structure–activity surevey identified over 13 chemical classes of PARP inhibitors, the most potent calss sharing a common structural feature, the presence of a carbonyl group built into a polyaromatic heterocyclic skeleton or a carbamoyl group attached to an aromatic ring. Recently, a better knowledge of the PARP catalytic domain and the use of its crystal structure have led to the design and synthesis of the tricyclic lactam indoles, active at low nanomolar concentrations, and with favourable physical properties and in vivo characteristics. In the last few years the interest in PARP as a therapeutic target has been rapidly growing. This article reviews the patents filed for new PARP inhibitors over the last three years, up to February 2002, and their development status.
Equine laminitis: Induced by 48 h hyperinsulinaemia in Standardbred horses (2010)

Insulin resistance and the associated hyperinsulinaemia place horses and ponies at risk of developing laminitis. This study demonstrates a need for prompt management of the persistent hyperinsulinaemia seen in some endocrinopathies.
Benzimidazolyl quinolinyl mercaptotriazoles as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents. (2005)

Condensation of ethylaceto acetate (EAA) with resorcinol in concentrated H2SO4 afforded 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin (1), which on reaction with thiosemicarbazide in anhydrous pyridine yielded 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-quinolinyl [1,5-c]-mercaptotriazole (2). Reaction of 2 with formaldehyde solution and amino acid in ethanol yielded 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(N-methyl-aminoacid)-quinolinyl [1,5-c]-2''-mercaptotriazole (3a-e). Interaction of 3 with o-phenylenediamine in pyridine yielded 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(aminobenzimidazolyl)-quinolinyl [1,5-c]-2''-mercaptotriazole derivatives (4a-e). The latter compounds were evaluated for their antiviral and antimicrobial activities.
Medial Epicondylitis (1994)

Flexor and extensor muscle-tendon unit activity at the elbow during the golf swing was recorded from subjects with and without medial epicondylitis. There was no significant difference in total swing time between symptomatic (1.23 +/- 0.15 sec) and asymptomatic (1.15 +/- 0.13 sec) subjects nor between golfers with low (1 to 6 handicap, N = 8) and high (11 to 19 handicap, N = 8) scoring abilities. Symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects displayed similar electromyographic profiles for flexor and extensor muscles of the forearm. Electromyographic activity of the common extensor muscles was persistent throughout the four swing phases, ranging from 33.59% of maximum voluntary contraction at address to 58.77% at contact. Common flexor muscles produced a consistent burst of electromyographic activity during contact phase (flexor burst, 90.77% of maximum voluntary contraction). Symptomatic subjects' mean flexor muscle electromyographic activity was significantly greater than that of asymptomatic subjects in both address and swing phases. When forearm brace and oversized grips were imposed on symptomatic subjects, there was no significant difference in mean electromyographic magnitude or muscle activation pattern during the golf swing. Thus, the method of symptomatic relief of the intervention strategies tested is still in question.
[Use of helium and oxygen mixtures in status asthmaticus]. (1987)

Four patients in status asthmaticus and with alveolar hypoventilation were given a helium-oxygen (He-O2) mixture to breathe during 4 hours. Clinical improvement and return to normal of arterial blood gas levels were rapid and dramatic in all patients. The He-O2 mixture, which is a low density gas, causes a reduction in pulmonary resistance and an improvement in overall alveolar ventilation.
Cross-Domain Face Verification: Matching ID Document and Self-Portrait Photographs (2016)

Cross-domain biometrics has been emerging as a new necessity, which poses several additional challenges, including harsh illumination changes, noise, pose variation, among others. In this paper, we explore approaches to cross-domain face verification, comparing self-portrait photographs ("selfies") to ID documents. We approach the problem with proper image photometric adjustment and data standardization techniques, along with deep learning methods to extract the most prominent features from the data, reducing the effects of domain shift in this problem. We validate the methods using a novel dataset comprising 50 individuals. The obtained results are promising and indicate that the adopted path is worth further investigation.
Characterizing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis for Field Emission Applications (2011)

The first evidence of carbon nanotubes comes from transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs published by Radushkevich in 1952 in the Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry (Radushkevich, 1952). However, without the capability to reliably produce, characterize, or use these carbon nanotubes little was done besides document their existence until 1991. Iijima effectively rediscovered or introduced carbon nanotubes to the scientific community as a by-product of an electric arc discharge method of synthesizing C60 fullerenes (Iijima, 1991). Since Iijima published his seminal article in Nature identifying multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in 1991, followed by the more significant discovery of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in 1993, research into the properties and applications of carbon nanotubes has flourished. In 1995, only four years after carbon nanotubes were introduced to the scientific community by Iijima, de Heer et al demonstrated the field emission capabilities of carbon nanotubes with the fabrication of a small electron gun using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (de Heer, 1995). CNTs have many unique physical and electrical properties making them ideal candidates for field emission sources. There are many potential applications for CNT based field emission devices ranging from flat panel displays to charge neutralization for electric propulsion on satellites. This research effort focuses on the growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for field emission. The potential applications being considered require that the CNT synthesis method be compatible with conventional substrate materials, chiefly silicon, and micro-frabrication processes to allow integration with conventional electronic devices. Of the many documented CNT synthesis methods, Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis occurs at low enough temperatures to facilitate silicon substrates. For this particular study two CVD processes, thermal chemical vapor deposition (T-CVD) and microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPE-CVD), are used to produce MWCNT films or carpets. The CNT growth process begins with substrate preparation. Each silicon substrate is first coated with a barrier layer of titanium or chrome. This thin film acts as an adhesion layer and as a diffusion barrier. It also facilitates the cathode connection to the CNTs during field emission tests. CNT growth via any CVD method requires a catalyst for the carbon atoms to nucleate around. The transition metals Fe, Ni, Co, and alloys composed of one or more of these elements have proven effective as catalyst materials. For this effort, only
Ocular surface lubricants (2017)

The present state of ocular surface lubrication is slowly advancing from the routine use of cellulose-based solutions and gels to more advanced replacement with natural tear components. The advances that are occurring on other lubricating surfaces of the musculoskeletal system are also providing some insights into potential use on the ocular surface.
Long‐Term Ethanol and Nicotine Treatment Elicit Tolerance to Ethanol (1996)

Several previous studies have shown that 1 to 2 weeks of treatment with ethanol elicits tolerance to several effects produced by ethanol and cross-tolerance to nicotine-induced hypothermia. Similarly, short-term, high-dose nicotine treatment produces tolerance to nicotine and cross-tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia. In the studies reported here, C57BL/6 mice were force-fed ethanol, nicotine, or an ethanol/nicotine combination in the drinking water for 6 months. All of the chronic drug-treated mice developed tolerance to ethanol as measured by open-field activity, body temperature, and sleep-time tests. Ethanol tolerance is due, in part, to enhanced metabolism and reduced CNS sensitivity in the two ethanol-treated groups but only to reduced CNS sensitivity in the nicotine-treated group. Similar levels of tolerance to nicotine developed in those two groups that were nicotine-treated, but no tolerance to nicotine was seen in those animals treated with ethanol alone. The tolerance to nicotine may be related to an upregulation of brain (cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus) [3H]-nicotine binding, but ethanol tolerance is not readily explained by changes in the number of the brain high affinity nicotine binding sites.
Performance assessment of indoor location technologies (2008)

Location based services (LBS) are currently enjoying a strong success as a result of well-proven GNSS positioning technology (GPS, assisted GPS). However, the future generation of LBS will have to address the challenge of accurate and reliable indoor localization. In fact, this need has already been clearly expressed by various communities of professional end users (firemen, security forces, etc.) in the context of LIAISON and WearlTork projects funded by the European community's sixth framework program. In order to assess the performance of the location technologies most suited to cope with the stringent constraints of indoor LBSs oriented towards the needs of professional users, in particular those of the firemen, a "location trial" composed of several test scenarios was organized, putting face to face in a common systematic reference the following positioning technologies: - Inertial MEMS coupled with GNSS, using two different algorithmic approaches for the inertial component: signal pattern recognition associated with human biomechanical walking models and conventional inertial navigation using zero velocity updates at footfalls; - UWB radio-based localization prototype system. The results from this "location trial" show that inertial technology achieves interesting performances (stand-alone positioning accuracy better than 3 meters RMS after 4 minutes and less than 6 meters RMS after 8 minutes of continuous pedestrian walk), but still lacks robustness against specific environmental conditions (in particular magnetic disturbances affecting orientation estimation) and users' walking behavior. As for the UWB prototype system, it provides good positioning accuracy (less than 3 meters RMS) for nominal operational conditions, but but it can experience severe degradation under certain circumstances. By highlighting the pros and cons of each technology under a common framework, this "location trial" has provided a clearer understanding how their seamless combination can realistically address all users' needs: accuracy, reliability, robustness, coverage, deployability and wearability.
CANINE T CELLS TRANSDUCED WITH A HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS THYMIDINE KINASE GENE (1998)

We have demonstrated efficient ex vivo transduction, expansion, maintenance of alloreactivity, and ganciclovir-mediated ablation of canine CTL, which will permit in vivo studies in the dog, a well-established model for GVHD and engraftment.
The ATTAIN Trials: Efficacy and Safety of Telavancin Compared with Vancomycin for the Treatment of Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia (2014)

Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) is the second most common nosocomial infection in the USA and the leading cause of mortality among hospital-acquired infections. An increasing proportion of HABP cases are the result of infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Telavancin is a once-daily injectable, semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial with bactericidal activity against susceptible Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA. The two methodologically identical Phase III ATTAIN studies demonstrated that telavancin was noninferior to vancomycin for the treatment of HABP, including ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia, due to S. aureus (including methicillin-sensitive S. aureus and MRSA). Telavancin showed a similar safety profile to vancomycin, except that in patients with moderate-to-severe renal impairment, there was increased mortality, which warrants caution when using telavancin in this population. Now approved in the USA for the treatment of HABP, including ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia, caused by susceptible isolates of S. aureus when other alternatives are not suitable, telavancin offers another therapeutic option.
Generation of a Bessel beam of variable spot size (2012)

We report the generation of a zero-order Bessel beam of continuously variable spot size using a simple optical setup. We have used a pair of metal axicon mirrors to generate a hollow beam of variable dark diameter. This beam was subsequently focused by a convex lens to get a Bessel beam of variable spot size. We also studied the effect of a hollow-beam ring width on nondiffracting propagation range of the generated beam.
On Computing the Discrete Cosine Transform (1978)

Haralick has shown that the discrete cosine transform of N points can be computed more rapidly by taking two N-point fast Fourier transforms (FFT's) than by taking one 2N-point FFT as Ahmed had proposed. In this correspondence, we show that if Haralick had made use of the fact that the FFT's of real sequences can be computed more rapidly than general FFT's, the result would have been reversed. A modified algorithm is also presented.
Application of double negative materials to increase the power radiated by electrically small antennas (2003)

The effect of surrounding an electrically small dipole antenna with a shell of double negative (DNG) material (/spl epsiv//sub r/<0 and /spl mu//sub r/<0) has been investigated both analytically and numerically. The problem of an infinitesimal electric dipole embedded in a homogeneous DNG medium is treated; its analytical solution shows that this electrically small antenna acts inductively rather than capacitively as it would in free space. It is then shown that a properly designed dipole-DNG shell combination increases the real power radiated by more than an order of magnitude over the corresponding free space case. The reactance of the antenna is shown to have a corresponding decrease. Analysis of the reactive power within this dipole-DNG shell system indicates that the DNG shell acts as a natural matching network for the dipole. An equivalent circuit model is introduced that confirms this explanation. Several cases are presented to illustrate these results. The difficult problem of interpreting the energy stored in this dipole-DNG shell system when the DNG medium is frequency independent and, hence, of calculating the radiation Q is discussed from several points of view.
Response of Teff, Barnyardgrass, and Broadleaf Weeds to Postemergence Herbicides (2014)

Teff is a warm-season C4 annual grass crop grown for forage and food grain that has recently increased in production in parts of the United States. Hay from teff is well suited for livestock, especially horses. The objective of this study was to evaluate teff and weed response to selected herbicides in field studies conducted at the Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, OR in 2009 and 2010. Herbicides were applied POST when teff was at the four-leaf stage. Broadleaf weed control at 21 d after treatment was greater than 91% across herbicide treatments. Only the premix of 2.5 g ai ha −1 florasulam + 99 g ae ha −1 fluroxypyr + 15 g ai ha −1 pyroxsulam provided acceptable control of barnyardgrass. Due primarily to barnyardgrass competition, teff treated with a premix of 2.5 g ha −1 florasulam + 99 g ha −1 fluroxypyr + 15 g ha −1 pyroxsulam produced 7,200 kg ha −1 of teff hay compared with 4,800 kg ha −1 of teff hay for 2,4-D and dicamba and 4,200 kg ha −1 teff hay when no herbicides were used. Teff grain production was greater with 2.5 g ha −1 florasulam + 99 g ha −1 fluroxypyr + 15 g ha −1 pyroxsulam compared with any of the other treatments. The use of a premix of florasulam + fluroxypyr + pyroxsulam would improve broadleaf and grass weed control in ‘Tiffany' and ‘Dessie' teff varieties, improve hay and grain yield, and reduce production costs.
Design and Analysis of Decision-directed Carrier Recovery for High-speed Satellite Communications (1999)

We consider frequency overlapped DS/CDMA (FO/CDMA) communication systems where a number of DS/CDMA systems share frequency bands with adjacent systems. We analyze the multiple-access interference from adjacent systems with arbitrary amount of frequency overlap and compare the capacity of FP/CDMA with that of single wideband CDMA(WCDMA). The optimum amount of overlap increases with the number of overlapped systems. However the maximum capacity is obtained when the optimum number of systems are overlapped by half null-to-null bandwidth. It is shown that the FO/CDMA yields higher capacity in the case of relaxed BER requirement and low decay rate of multipath intensity profile. Otherwise, WCDMA is superior.
Hypothesis-feedback equalization for multicode direct-sequence spread spectrum underwater communications (2006)

In this paper, multicode direct-sequence spread spectrum is considered to achieve high-speed data transmission in underwater acoustic channel, where extended multipath and rapid time-variability is encountered and the conventional RAKE receiver usually fails to function. To track and compensate the channel distortion, a decentralized hypothesis-feedback equalization (HFE) algorithm [1] which updates coefficients at chip rate is a promising method and has been used in multi-user underwater communication. But for multicode system, its performance is degraded by inter-channel interference (ICI). For this reason, a parallel interference cancellation hypothesis-feedback equalization (PIC-HFE) algorithm is proposed, which combines the capabilities of tracking the time-varying channel and suppressing the ICI. Simulation results proved that the proposed algorithm could significantly improve the performance of multicode system. 1.
Soluble Arctic amyloid β protein inhibits hippocampal long‐term potentiation <i>in vivo</i> (2004)

Mutations in the amyloid precursor protein that result in substitutions of glutamic acid at residue 22 of the amyloid beta protein (A beta) with glutamine (Q22, Dutch) or glycine (G22, Arctic) cause aggressive familial neurological diseases characterized by cerebrovascular haemorrhages or Alzheimer's-type dementia, respectively. The present study compared the ability of these peptides to block long-term potentiation (LTP) of glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus in vivo. The effects of intracerebroventricular injection of wild-type, Q22 and G22 A beta(1-40) peptides were examined in the CA1 area of urethane-anaesthetized rats. Both mutant peptides were approximately 100-fold more potent than wild-type A beta at inhibiting LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation when solutions of A beta were freshly prepared. Fibrillar material, as determined by electron microscopy, was obvious in all these peptide solutions and exhibited appreciable Congo Red binding, particularly for A beta(1-40)G22 and A beta(1-40)Q22. A soluble fraction of A beta(1-40)G22, obtained following high-speed centrifugation, retained full activity of the peptide solution to inhibit LTP, providing strong evidence that in the case of the Arctic disease a soluble nonfibrillar form of A beta may represent the primary mediator of A beta-related cognitive deficits, particularly early in the disease. In contrast, nonfibrillar soluble A beta(1-40)Q22 supernatant solution was approximately 10-fold less potent at inhibiting LTP than A beta(1-40)G22, a finding consistent with fibrillar A beta contributing to the inhibition of LTP by the Dutch peptide.
Small non‐coding RNAs, co‐ordinators of adaptation processes in <i>Escherichia coli</i>: the RpoS paradigm (2003)

Adaptation to the changing environment requires both the integration of external signals and the co-ordination of internal responses. Around 50 non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) have been described in Escherichia coli; the levels of many of these vary with changing environmental conditions. This suggests that they play a role in cell adaptation. In this review, we use the regulation of RpoS (sigma38) translation as a paradigm of sRNA-mediated response to environmental conditions; rpoS is currently the only known gene regulated post-transcriptionally by at least three sRNAs. DsrA and RprA stimulate RpoS translation in response to low temperature and cell surface stress, respectively, whereas OxyS represses RpoS translation in response to oxidative shock. However, in addition to regulating RpoS translation, DsrA represses the translation of HNS (a global regulator of gene expression), whereas OxyS represses the translation of FhlA (a transcriptional activator), allowing the cell to co-ordinate different pathways involved in cell adaptation. Environmental cues affect the synthesis and stability of specific sRNAs, resulting in specific sRNA-dependent translational control.