gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
60GHz quadrature signal generation with a single phase VCO and polyphase filter in a 0.25&#x03BC;m SiGe BiCMOS technology (2008)

This paper describes a single-phase VCO followed by a polyphase filter to generate 60 GHz quadrature signals. The IC is implemented in a SiGe:C-BiCMOS process. A quadrature down-conversion mixer is included for accurate evaluation of I/Q-matching. The RF inputs of the mixers are driven via an on-chip passive power splitter. The VCO exhibits a tuning range between 59.5-61.5 GHz and a phase noise of -92 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier. The measured I/Q-matching of 28.6 dB corresponds to a phase error of 4.2deg. The power consumption of the IC including the mixers is 150 mW at a supply voltage of 4.5 V and the chip area including bondpads is 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
An environmentally friendly electro-oxidative approach to recover valuable elements from NdFeB magnet waste (2017)

<p>In this manuscript, we demonstrate a room temperature electrochemical process for efficiently recycling NdFeB magnet waste. First, the magnet waste was completely leached with HCl and then, in-situ electrochemical oxidation was performed to selectively oxidize Fe(11) in the leachate to Fe(III). Finally, oxalic acid was added directly to the electro-oxidized leachate which selectively precipitated more than 98% of rare earth elements as rare-earth oxalates. The calcination of rare-earth oxalates produced mixed rare-earth oxides of 99.2% purity and a marketable Fe(III) solution as by-product. The electro-oxidized leachate was also subjected to an alternative neutralization route in which ammonium hydroxide was added to remove iron as ferric hydroxide. The iron free leachate with rare earth elements and cobalt was then subjected to oxalic acid precipitation treatment, which finally produced rare-earth oxides of 99.7% purity. Furthermore, a cobalt-rich solution was obtained in the end and electrowinning studies performed on the solution showed the feasibility of recovering pure metallic cobalt.</p>
Selective harmonic mitigation‐pulse‐width modulation technique with variable DC‐link voltages in single and three‐phase cascaded H‐bridge inverters (2013)

There are different modulation techniques that can be used in medium‐voltage and high‐power electronic converters, but a few of them provide high efficiency and satisfy power quality requirements. This study presents a modified selective harmonic mitigation pulse‐width modulation (SHM‐PWM) technique which employs variable DC‐link voltages as a degree of freedom in cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) inverters. This degree of freedom increases the range of acceptable modulation indices, reduces the number of switching transitions and increases the number of harmonics that can be removed in selective harmonic elimination (SHE) (or SHM) techniques. Hence, in addition to efficiency improvement, a huge number of harmonics can be mitigated in AC side of the converter. Using this approach, triplen harmonics can be restricted to standard limits, in single‐phase inverters. In addition, the proposed SHM‐PWM approach employs the least number of switching transitions in a fundamental period to limit the specific number of harmonics compared to the alternative SHE or SHM techniques. In this study, the requirements of two well‐known grid codes EN 50160 and CIGRE WG 36‐05 are well satisfied and the validity of proposed method is verified by several simulations and experiments on a seven‐level CHB inverter in single‐phase and three‐phase operating modes.
Congenital Marrow Failure Syndromes and Malignant Hematopoietic Transformation (1996)

In the current era of advanced supportive care and administration of recombinant cytokines and other effective therapies, patients with congenital (inherited) marrow failure syndromes usually survive the early years of life and beyond. With the extended lifespan, a new "natural history" for these syndromes is evident. Although these disorders were always classified as "benign" historically, it is now evident that most of these conditions confer an inordinately high predisposition to myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myelogenous leukemia (MDS/AML). Since carcinogenesis occurs as a sequence of events that is driven by genetic damage and by epigenetic changes, the hypothesis is advanced that the first "hit" or leukemia-initiating step is the constitutional genetic mutation, itself, that initially manifests as a single lineage or multiple lineage marrow failure. The leukemic promotion and progression steps leading to MDS/AML can then ensue readily in the initiated pool of progenitors or stem cells. Thus, the distinction between benign and malignant hematology in the context of the inherited marrow failure disorders has become blurred and new definitions for these syndromes should be developed.
Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels as a Biomarker of Disease (2005)

To the Editor: Nikkola et al. ([1][1]) have recently addressed the prognostic value of serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), collagenase 1, and collagenase 3 in patients with advanced melanoma. Specifically, the serum levels of MMP-9 were determined by ELISA, Western blot, and gelatin
L-Moments: Analysis and Estimation of Distributions Using Linear Combinations of Order Statistics (1990)

SUMMARY L-moments are expectations of certain linear combinations of order statistics. They can be defined for any random variable whose mean exists and form the basis of a general theory which covers the summarization and description of theoretical probability distributions, the summarization and description of observed data samples, estimation of parameters and quantiles of probability distributions, and hypothesis tests for probability distributions. The theory involves such established procedures as the use of order statistics and Gini's mean difference statistic, and gives rise to some promising innovations such as the measures of skewness and kurtosis described in Section 2, and new methods of parameter estimation for several distributions. The theory of L-moments parallels the theory of (conventional) moments, as this list of applications might suggest. The main advantage of L-moments over conventional moments is that L-moments, being linear functions of the data, suffer less from the effects of sampling variability: L-moments are more robust than conventional moments to outliers in the data and enable more secure inferences to be made from small samples about an underlying probability distribution. L-moments sometimes yield more efficient parameter estimates than the maximum likelihood estimates.
Ordered Arrays of Vertically Aligned [110] Silicon Nanowires by Suppressing the Crystallographically Preferred <100> Etching Directions (2009)

The metal-assisted etching direction of Si(110) substrates was found to be dependent upon the morphology of the deposited metal catalyst. The etching direction of a Si(110) substrate was found to be one of the two crystallographically preferred 100 directions in the case of isolated metal particles or a small area metal mesh with nanoholes. In contrast, the etching proceeded in the vertical [110] direction, when the lateral size of the catalytic metal mesh was sufficiently large. Therefore, the direction of etching and the resulting nanostructures obtained by metal-assisted etching can be easily controlled by an appropriate choice of the morphology of the deposited metal catalyst. On the basis of this finding, a generic method was developed for the fabrication of wafer-scale vertically aligned arrays of epitaxial [110] Si nanowires on a Si(110) substrate. The method utilized a thin metal film with an extended array of pores as an etching catalyst based on an ultrathin porous anodic alumina mask, while a prepatterning of the substrate prior to the metal depostion is not necessary. The diameter of Si nanowires can be easily controlled by a combination of the pore diameter of the porous alumina film and varying the thickness of the deposited metal film.
Lithographic tolerances based on vector diffraction theory (1992)

The classic rules for scaling lithographic resolution derive from scalar models of image formation in air, and must be reexamined as numerical apertures (NAs) increase beyond 0.5. This article describes a vector image code (VIC) based on plane wave decomposition of the radiation that propagates from the exit pupil, and a modified thin film treatment of propagation into the photoresist. Tolerances on resolution, depth-of-focus (DOF), and source polarization can be derived from VIC simulations. The strongest vector diffraction effects arise from polarization in the illumination, producing nonscalar effects in exposure-to-clear curves (‘‘swing curves’’), as well as orientation-dependent asymmetries in printed patterns. Modeling shows that the small asymmetries previously reported [D. Flagello, A. E. Rosenbluth, C. Progler, and J. Armitage, Microcircuit Engineering 1991 (Elsevier, New York, 1991)] at 0.55 NA increase rapidly for NAs beyond 0.7. Resolution increases more slowly than NA−1 at high NA, even with unpolarized illumination and perfect focus control. The contrast loss can largely be ascribed to the in-plane or parallel component of the E field within any image slice; the out-of-plane or perpendicular component actually shows a slight contrast increase. Snell’s law reduces the angular range of E orientations in the resist, so the contrast loss in resist is much less than in air. At high NA, the aerial image loses its relevance as a predictor of lithographic performance. Snell’s law also implies spherical aberration in the refracted field, reducing DOF in thick resist layers. Further, focal tolerances calculated with the traditional ±λ/2 NA2 criterion are shown to be optimistic, since this criterion is derived from the paraxial form for defocus.
Chronic rejection failure of immune regulation (2003)

Current strategies for immunosuppression following organ transplantation focus on the prevention of acute rejection. As new generations of immunosuppressants have been developed, acute rejection rates have diminished markedly. The new challenge, then, is to prevent the devastating complications of chronic rejection, which have remained largely unchanged over the decades. The process of chronic rejection is a complex one, and it is likely that most, if not all, components of the immune system play some role in the long-term, smoldering failure of organs following transplantation. Through a better understanding of their individual contributions as well as interactions, new strategies may be developed to overcome this problem. We present here an overview of the major immune components thought to be involved in chronic rejection.
PIE: Approximate interleaving event matching over sequences (2015)

Most of the recent complex event semantics is based on regular expressions, extended with additional filters such as window constraints. We observe that many applications today require parallel (interleaving) event patterns. Moreover, we observe that this matching needs to be approximate in terms of event orders and missing events. We first propose the query semantics. Then we devise a foundation algorithm, on top of which two optimization techniques are proposed. Finally, we perform a comprehensive experimental evaluation using three real-world datasets in different domains and synthetic datasets.
25-Gbps&#x00D7;4 optical transmitter with adjustable asymmetric pre-emphasis in 65-nm CMOS (2014)

This paper describes the design and experiment results of 25 Gbps, 4 channels optical transmitter which consist of a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) driver with an asymmetric pre-emphasis circuit and an electrical receiver. To make data transfers faster in directly modulated a VCSEL-based optical communications, the driver circuit requires an asymmetric pre-emphasis signal to compensate for the nonlinear characteristics of VCSEL. An asymmetric pre-emphasis signal can be created by the adjusting a duty ratio with a delay circuit. A test chip was fabricated in the 65-nm standard CMOS process and demonstrated. An experimental evaluation showed that this transmitter enlarged the eye opening of a 25 Gbps, PRBS=2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> -1 test signal by 8.8% and achieve four channels fully optical link with an optical receiver at a power of 10.3 mW=Gbps=ch at 25 Gbps.
Error resilient variable length encoder/decoder for low power wireless video codecs (2003)

Wireless video transmission presents several problems to the design of a video codec for such an application. These problems include: bandwidth availability, Bit Error Rates (BER), and power consumption. This paper describes the design and implementation of a low power, error resilient variable-length encoder and decoder to address these issues.
Removal of selenate from water by chemical reduction (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemoval of selenate from water by chemical reductionAndrew P. MurphyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 1, 187–191Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00073a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00073a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1320Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NR2B subunit of the NMDA glutamate receptor regulates appetite in the parabrachial nucleus (2013)

Diphtheria toxin-mediated, acute ablation of hypothalamic neurons expressing agouti-related protein (AgRP) in adult mice leads to anorexia and starvation within 7 d that is caused by hyperactivity of neurons within the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Because NMDA glutamate receptors are involved in various synaptic plasticity-based behavioral modifications, we hypothesized that modulation of the NR2A and NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptor in PBN neurons could contribute to the anorexia phenotype. We observed by Western blot analyses that ablation of AgRP neurons results in enhanced expression of NR2B along with a modest suppression of NR2A. Interestingly, systemic administration of LiCl in a critical time window before AgRP neuron ablation abolished the anorectic response. LiCl treatment suppressed NR2B levels in the PBN and ameliorated the local Fos induction that is associated with anorexia. This protective role of LiCl on feeding was blunted in vagotomized mice. Chronic infusion of RO25-6981, a selective NR2B inhibitor, into the PBN recapitulated the role of LiCl in maintaining feeding after AgRP neuron ablation. We suggest that the accumulation of NR2B subunits in the PBN contributes to aphagia in response to AgRP neuron ablation and may be involved in other forms of anorexia.
Lung fluid and impedance cardiography (1998)

Serial thermodilution and impedance cardiac output measurements in two critically ill patients are presented. Impedance cardiography failed to detect changes in cardiac output and provided values lower than those derived from thermodilution. Chest X-ray examination and changes in thoracic impedance suggested that these two patients had significantly increased extravascular lung water. This failure of impedance cardiography is attributed to aberrant electrical conduction though the lungs as a result of increased lung fluid that alters the impedance waveform. Although reliable when used in normal subjects, impedance cardiography appears not to provide accurate measurements in critically ill patients.
Lipase-Catalyzed Domino Kinetic Resolution/Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reaction: One-Pot Synthesis of Optically Active 7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptenes from Furfuryl Alcohols and -Substituted Acrylic Acids (2002)

The first lipase-catalyzed domino reaction is described in which the acyl moiety formed during the enzymatic kinetic resolution of furfuryl alcohols (+/-)-3 with a 1-ethoxyvinyl ester 2 was utilized as a part of the constituent structure for the subsequent Diels-Alder reaction. The preparation of ester 2 from carboxylic acid 1 and the subsequent domino reaction were carried out in a one-pot reaction. Therefore, this procedure provides a convenient preparation of the optically active 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene derivatives 5, which has five chiral, non-racemic carbon centers, from achiral 1 and racemic 3. The overall efficiency of this process was dependent on the substituent at the C-3 position of 3, and the use of the 3-methylfurfuryl derivatives, (+/-)-3 b and (+/-)-3 f, exclusively produced diastereoselectivity with excellent enantioselectivity to give (2R)-syn-5 (91->/=99 % ee) and (S)-3 (96->/=99 % ee). Similar procedures starting from the 3-bromofurfuryl alcohols (+/-)-3 h-j provided the cycloadducts (2R)-syn-5 j-q (93->/=99 % ee), in which the bromo group was utilized for the installation of bulky substituents to the 7-oxabicycloheptene core.
Ultrasound induced improvement in optical coherence tomography (OCT) resolution (2002)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a rapidly emerging technology for high-resolution biomedical imaging. The axial resolution of this technology is determined by the bandwidth of the source. Commercial sources generally provide resolutions of 10–20 μm whereas laboratory-based solid state lasers have resolutions of ≈4 μm. The resolution in tissue depends almost exclusively on detecting single scattered events. However, the phenomenon known as multiple scattering results in a deterioration of resolution as a function of depth. In this study, OCT was combined with ultrasound in an attempt to reduce the effect of multiple scattering. The theory is that, with parallel ultrasound and OCT beams, multiply scattered light with a momentum component significantly perpendicular to the OCT beam will be reduced because the light is Doppler shifted outside the bandpass filter of the OCT detection electronics. A 7.5-MHz ultrasound transducer was used to introduce the photon/phonon interaction. A reflecting metal plate was placed within biological tissue, and the point spread function (PSF) was assessed off the reflector. The PSF was determined in the presence of no ultrasound, pulsed ultrasound, and continuous-wave (CW) ultrasound. CW ultrasound resulted in a 17% improvement ( P < 0.001) in resolution and pulsed ultrasound resulted in 8% ( P < 0.01). Image noise reduction could also be noted. Combining OCT with a parallel ultrasound beam results in an improvement in resolution through a reduced effect of multiple scattering due to photon/phonon interaction. With higher frequencies, better control of the acoustical beam, and tests in media with higher rates of multiple scattering, improved results are anticipated.
A new device for rapid isolation by size and characterization of rare circulating tumor cells. (2011)

Due to their reduced size, versatility, and capacity to isolate CTCs within minutes, the ScreenCell® devices may be able to simplify and improve non-invasive access to tumor cells.
Study of Complex Coacervation of Gelatin A with Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose: Microencapsulation of Neem (<i>Azadirachta indica A. Juss.</i>) Seed Oil (NSO) (2011)

Abstract The efficiency of complex coacervation of gelatin A with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) was measured by checking viscosity, coacervate yield (%), and turbidity of the mixture. Maximum coacervation occurred at pH 3.5 and SCMC: gelatin ratio of 1.0: 2.33. Encapsulation efficiency, oil content, oil load, and release behavior of the microcapsules were studied. The size and nature of the microcapsules varied with the concentration of polymer and NSO as revealed by scanning electron microscopy study. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that there was no significant interaction between the polymer and NSO. Keywords: characterizationcomplex coacervationcrosslinking agentmicroencapsulationneem seed oil Acknowledgments Financial assistance in the form of a fellowship to one of the authors (ND) by Tezpur University is gratefully acknowledged. Notes [Gelatin: 0.5–4.0 g; SCMC: 0.214–1.714 g; water: 200 ml; NSO: 1.5–7.0 g; glutaraldedyde: 5.0 − 20.0 mmol; temperature: 45 ± 1°C].
Comparison of Four Derivatizing Reagents for 6-Acetylmorphine GC-MS Analysis* (1999)

The propionyl, trimethylsilyl, trifluroacetyl, and heptafluoroacyl derivatives of 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) were evaluated with respect to optimal method performance, derivative stability, and methods characterization for use in gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis with electron ionization mode and selected ion monitoring. The most common potential interferences and compatibility with other derivatives when used on the same GC-MS were determined for the derivatizing reagents. The propionyl, trimethylsilyl, and trifluroacetyl derivatives produced adequate stability, accuracy, and precision for the method. The 6-AM derivatization with commercially available propionic anhydride generated a relatively small amount of 6-AM-propionyl derivative from the free morphine present in a specimen. The trimethylsilyl derivative obtained by the reaction with MSTFA did not require incubation, was the easiest to prepare, and had the highest potential for use on an automated sample-preparation device. An important advantage of derivatization with MSTFA is elimination of the possibility of heroin decomposition to 6-AM that is due to incubation at elevated temperature.
Practical algorithms for performance guarantees in buffered crossbars (2005)

This paper is about high capacity switches and routers that give guaranteed throughput, rate and delay guarantees. Many routers are built using input queueing or combined input and output queueing (CIOQ), using crossbar switching fabrics. But such routers require impractically complex scheduling algorithms to provide the desired guarantees. We explore how a buffered crossbar-a crossbar switch with a packet buffer at each crosspoint-can provide guaranteed performance (throughput, rate, and delay), with less complex, practical scheduling algorithms. We describe scheduling algorithms that operate in parallel on each input and output port, and hence are scalable. With these algorithms, buffered crossbars with a speedup of two can provide 100% throughput, rate, and delay guarantees.