gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Nonlinear Behavior of Ferrites at High Microwave Signal Levels (1956)

Above a certain microwave signal level, ferrites show various kinds of anomalies in their power absorption. The conditions under which these anomalies are observed are shown to coincide with the conditions under which certain "spin wave" disturbances in the medium grow to abnormally high levels. This growth is caused by the coupling of the spin waves to the uniform precession through the demagnetizing and exchange fields that accompany the disturbances. In the first part of the paper it is shown that the coupling causes certain spin wave amplitudes to "run away" exponentially with time when the signal field exceeds a threshold value. This will happen most readily exactly at resonance and under suitable conditions in a range of dc biasing fields confined to the low side of resonance. In the second part, the steady state of the magnetization beyond the threshold signal is evaluated for one type of anomalous absorption. It is found that the uniform precession "saturates" at a value corresponding to the threshold signal, and that further increases in applied power are diverted into a narrow range of spin waves. The susceptibilities are computed in the new state. Agreement with experiment is found to be good throughout. Since the paper is intended to be tutorial in character, the analysis is kept to a minimum. The full analysis will be the subject of a later publication.
Trichomoniasis: Challenges to Appropriate Management (2007)

Trichomonas vaginalis infection is a common cause of vaginal irritation in women and is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in the world. It has been associated with serious sequelae, the most notable of which are prematurity, low birth weight, and increases in human immunodeficiency virus transmission. We review advances in diagnosis and treatment and the current controversies regarding management.
Bullying: Bullies, victims, and witnesses (2014)

This study examines bullying by focusing on bullies, victims, and witnesses. In an effort to examine long-term correlates of bullying, we asked university students about their experiences with bullying in middle school. We administered a 65 question survey to 191 college students from several university campuses. The survey was made up of the Handling Bullying Questionnaire (Bauman, Rigby & Hoppa, 2008), the Bullying Prevalence Questionnaire (Rigby & Slee, 2003), the Revised Pro-Victim Scale (Rigby, 1997), and 13 researcher created questions which dealt with the participants' experiences with bullying. We hypothesized that rates of bullying would be high and that the long-term correlates of witnessing bullying would be the same as those for being a victim of bullying. Most of the participants reported witnessing acts of bullying and being victims of bullying in middle school. Very few participants reported bullying others. We found non-violent forms of bullying to be the most common. Bullies and witnesses, but not victims, were more likely to say they would intervene to stop a case of bullying. Otherwise, witnesses and victims responded similarly.
Magnesia Synthesis via Sol−Gel:  Structure and Reactivity (1996)

2-Propanol decomposition at 200 °C on magnesium oxide prepared by the hydrolysis of magnesium ethoxide (sol−gel method) is reported. With hydrochloride acid, acetic acid, or ammonia as hydrolysis alkoxide catalysts, the acidity and the selectivity to propene of the catalysts follow the sequence, MgO (HCl) > MgO (acetic acid) > MgO (ammonia). In contrast, the basicity of the samples, defined as the ratio dehydrogenation rate/dehydration rate, is found to be depending on the particle size of the catalysts. The basicity trend found is MgO (acetic acid) > MgO (ammonia) > MgO (HCl) and it correlates well with the particle size determined by the Rietveld refinement.
Activated NOTCH2 is Overexpressed in Hepatoblastomas: An Immunohistochemical Study (2011)

Hepatoblastoma is a pediatric malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature hepatocytes (hepatoblasts). This disease is diagnosed primarily in children younger than 5 years and is disproportionately observed in former premature infants. Cytogenetically, hepatoblastoma is characterized by numerical aberrations, as well as unbalanced translocations involving the proximal region of chromosome 1q. The NOTCH2 gene has been mapped to this locus, and it is well established that the NOTCH gene family is an important regulator of several developmental pathways. Specifically, the NOTCH2 protein is known to delay hepatoblast maturation during early hepatic organogenesis, and the reduction of NOTCH2 expression correlates with the differentiation of hepatoblasts into hepatocytes and biliary cells in the developing liver. We hypothesized that NOTCH2 is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatoblastoma by maintaining a population of undifferentiated hepatoblasts. We studied the immunohistochemical expression of NOTCH2 and its isoforms NOTCH1, NOTCH3, and NOTCH4 and the NOTCH2 primary ligand JAGGED1 in hepatoblastomas. Compared with the normal liver, an increasedlevelofNOTCH2expressionwasseenin22of 24 (92%) hepatoblastomas. There was no significant staining for other NOTCH isoforms and JAGGED1 in hepatoblastomas. Therefore, we suggest that NOTCH2 expression and activation, independent of JAGGED1 expression, may contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatoblastoma. In the hepatoblastoma sinusoidal vasculature, we saw NOTCH3 and NOTCH1 expression. These observations have potential implications with regard to therapeutic targeting of the NOTCH signaling pathway in hepatoblastomas.
Using early view patterns to predict the popularity of youtube videos (2013)

Predicting Web content popularity is an important task for supporting the design and evaluation of a wide range of systems, from targeted advertising to effective search and recommendation services. We here present two simple models for predicting the future popularity of Web content based on historical information given by early popularity measures. Our approach is validated on datasets consisting of videos from the widely used YouTube video-sharing portal. Our experimental results show that, compared to a state-of-the-art baseline model, our proposed models lead to significant decreases in relative squared errors, reaching up to 20% reduction on average, and larger reductions (of up to 71%) for videos that experience a high peak in popularity in their early days followed by a sharp decrease in popularity.
Optically induced growing of fiber patterns into a photopolymerizable resin (1998)

Summary form only given. We have demonstrated that when the actinic light beam irradiates the photopolymerizable resin, a single fiber structure, whose diameter and length are on the order of a few and hundreds of microns, respectively, can be grown automatically. The mechanism of this process is a combination of refractive-index increases by undergoing photopolymerization of the resin upon light irradiation and waveguide light propagation in a micro fiber of a refractive-index slightly higher than the surrounding. We call this fabrication process self-growing. In this talk, we will show that when the laser light power and the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens, which is used to focus the beam, are varied, different fiber structures can be grown. The structures that we observed consist of multiple fibers that grow starting from the focal point of the incident beam in a radial manner and with a diameter in the order of few /spl mu/m.
Mutation of FIG4 causes a rapidly progressive, asymmetric neuronal degeneration (2008)

Recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type-4J (CMT4J) and its animal model, the pale tremor mouse (plt), are caused by mutations of the FIG4 gene encoding a PI(3,5)P(2) 5-phosphatase. We describe the 9-year clinical course of CMT4J, including asymmetric, rapidly progressive paralysis, in two siblings. Sensory symptoms were absent despite reduced numbers of sensory axons. Thus, the phenotypic presentation of CMT4J clinically resembles motor neuron disease. Time-lapse imaging of fibroblasts from CMT4J patients demonstrates impaired trafficking of intracellular organelles because of obstruction by vacuoles. Further characterization of plt mice identified axonal degeneration in motor and sensory neurons, limited segmental demyelination, lack of TUNEL staining and lack of accumulation of ubiquitinated protein in vacuoles of motor and sensory neurons. This study represents the first documentation of the natural history of CMT4J. Physical obstruction of organelle trafficking by vacuoles is a potential novel cellular mechanism of neurodegeneration.
Serum Total Prolactin and Monomeric Prolactin Reference Intervals Determined by Precipitation with Polyethylene Glycol: Evaluation and Validation on Common ImmunoAssay Platforms (2008)

Our validated normative reference data for sera pretreated with PEG and analyzed on the most commonly used immunoassay platforms should facilitate the more widespread introduction of macroprolactin screening by clinical laboratories.
Preparation and Characterization of Anti-Fumonisin Monoclonal Antibodies (1994)

Murine monoclonal antibodies were prepared against fumonisin B1-carrier protein conjugates, such as fumonisin B1-ovalbumin and fumonisin B1-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Five stable hybridoma clones were obtained. The response ranges of these monoclonal antibodies for fumonisin B1 were from 10 to 1000-5000 ng/ml in the competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA).
Fast parallel in-memory 64-bit sorting (2001)

Parallel in-memory 64-bit sorting is an important problem in Database Management Systems and other applications such as Internet Search Engines and Data Mining Tools.
Crystal structure of the hybrid state of ribosome in complex with the guanosine triphosphatase release factor 3 (2011)

Protein release factor 3 (RF3), a guanosine triphosphatase, binds to ribosome after release of the nascent peptide and promotes dissociation of the class I release factors during the termination of protein synthesis. Here we present the crystal structure of the 70S ribosome with RF3 in the presence of a nonhydrolyzable GTP analogue, guanosine 5'-β,γ-methylenetriphosphate (GDPCP), refined to 3.8 Å resolution. The structure shows that the subunits of the ribosome are rotated relative to each other compared to the canonical state, resulting in a P/E hybrid state for the transfer RNA. The substantial conformational rearrangements in the complex are described and suggest how RF3, by stabilizing the hybrid state of the ribosome, facilitates the dissociation of class I release factors.
Convergence of a decision-directed adaptive equalizer (1983)

An adaptive decision directed equalizer, wherein the estimates of the transmitted data are used for the adaptation of the equalizer parameters, is analyzed. In the paper the stability of the limit equation associated with the stochastic adaptation algorithm is proved. The convergence of the stochastic algorithm then follows by the application of the standard weak convergence theory. The approach of this paper is different from the earlier such analysis in the literature. Thus in the paper we work with the discrete probability distribution of the transmitted symbols, as is the case in practice, rather than assuming a continuous distribution of these for the sake of theoretical convenience.
Heterocyclic Studies. XIII. The Aldol Condensation of 2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-1,2-diazepin-4-one and Rearrangement to a Pyridazine<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterocyclic Studies. XIII. The Aldol Condensation of 2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-1,2-diazepin-4-one and Rearrangement to a Pyridazine1Ruta K. Bly, Estelle C. Zoll, and James A. MooreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 8, 2128–2135Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01031a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01031a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Near-Field Optical Microscopy of Localized Surface Plasmons Excited in Noble Metal Nanostructures (2012)

Scanning near-field optical microscope is able to achieve a nanometer spatial resolution, and is useful for visualization of elementary excitations in nanomaterials. Combination of the near-field optical microscope with the time-resolved spectroscopy enables us to visualize spatio-temporal behaviors of the excited states. We apply this imaging technique to the studies of static and dynamic optical properties of single gold nanorods. The static near-field image of a single gold nanorod shows a periodic oscillation along the long axis of the nanorod, and is attributed to a plasmon mode resonantly excited. The dynamic near-field image of the nanorod shows a characteristic spatial feature, which is very different from that of the static image. We discuss the origin of the dynamic near-field image, and the image is assigned to variations of plasmon modes induced by the photo-excitation. We also discuss the future prospect of the dynamic near-field microscopy and its applications to fundamental studies on plasmonic materials.
Carcinogenesis by urethan via mother's milk and its enhancement of transplacental carcinogenesis in mice. (1973)

Summary Pulmonary tumors were induced in mice that were suckled by mothers that received urethan during lactation. More induced tumors appeared in sucklings when urethan was injected into lactating mothers soon after delivery. When pregnant mice were treated with urethan during gestation and lactation their offspring had a significantly increased incidence of pulmonary tumors, and the number of tumors per mouse was compatible with the sum of tumors in mice who received either prenatal or postnatal treatment. However, when prenatal urethan treatment was coupled with postnatal exposure via mother9s milk, offspring of mothers treated on Day 9 or 15 of gestation bore more tumors than the sum. These two days correspond to the most sensitive stages to urethan for lung malformation and carcinogenesis. Induction of ovarian cystadenomas might also suggest that subtumorigenic effects of urethan on embryonic cells of the developing female gonad on Day 11 and 13 were made manifest by the postnatal exposure. However, prenatal and postnatal exposure to urethan may suppress the induction of lymphosarcomas (node type). Mothers developed endometrial hyperplasias and uterine hemangiomas when treated during pregnancy. Additional treatment after delivery increased the incidence of uterine hemangiomas.
Stability improvement of distributed power system by using full-regulated bus converter (2005)

The bus architecture, consisting of bus converter and POLs (point of load), has become very popular since POL can respond to some demands of multi power supply voltage, low driving voltage and series sequence/tracking of LSI with more flexibility than isolated DC-DC solution. However, the customer suffers the system instability issue caused by impedance overlap between the bus converter and POL. Bus converter has three types i) un-regulated, ii) semi-regulated, iii) full-regulated, and each type has different output characteristic. This makes matter more complex to understand and difficult to resolve the instability phenomena. This paper presents, the availability of full-regulated bus converter for system stability as compared with un-regulated and semi-regulated case, and is examined analytically and experimentally. As a result, it has been found that in the case of full-regulated bus converter, the bandwidth is extended in the presence of feedback loop due to damping of output impedance peak, and achieved higher stability.
Lipase-promoted asymmetric transesterification of 4-alkyloxetan-2-ones with ring-opening (1995)

Lipase-catalysed reaction of (±)-4-alkyloxetan-2-ones 1a–c with benzyl alcohol gave (R)-1a(R = Me)(36%, 96% ee) and benzyl (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate 2a(51%, 85% ee), (R)-1b(R = Pr)(42%, 75% ee) and benzyl (S)-3-hydroxyhexanoate 2b(45%, 69% ee) and (S)-1c(R = Pri, 41%, 95% ee) and benzyl (R)-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate 2c(43%, 90% ee), respectively.
Micellization and Adsorption of Fluorinated Amphiphiles: Questioning the 1 CF2≈1.5 CH2 Rule (1998)

Great caution must be exercised when applying the 1 CF2≈1.5 CH2 “rule” for surfactants: when grafted to a fluorinated chain, a hydrocarbon chain does not fully participate in micellization and adsorption processes, so these are controlled primarily by the length of the -CF2- chain. It is proposed that the hydrocarbon spacer adopts a folded conformation as a result of the difference in cross-sections between fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon chains.
Determination of the Enantiomeric Composition of Chiral Amines Based on the Quenching of the Fluorescence of a Chiral Calixarene (1996)

The synthesis of three chiral calixarene derivatives is described. One of these, an (S)-di-2-naphthylprolinol tetramer, is shown to exhibit significant ability to discriminate between enantiomers of 1-phenylethylamine (PEA) and norephedrine on the basis of the quenching of the (S)-di-2-naphthylprolinol fluorescence emission in chloroform. The chiral discrimination appears to arise from preorganization of the four (S)-di-2-naphthylprolinol substituents on the calixarene, which define a three-dimensional chiral space. The ability to measure the enantiomeric composition of PEA and norephedrine to within an error of 4.1% and 2.6%, respectively, on the basis of a single fluorescence measurement is demonstrated.
A 64b floating point processor (1982)

A floating point chip set capable of one-million scalar operations per second will be reported. The set consists of add/subtract, multiply and divide chips.
Estrogen and Coronary Heart Disease in Women (1991)

We review herein the evidence that estrogen is protective against the development of cardiovascular disease in women. To our knowledge, no studies in women have looked at endogenous estrogen levels as predictors of cardiovascular disease. Studies of surrogate measures of endogenous estrogen such as parity, age at menarche, and age at menopause have provided inconsistent results. Current use of oral contraceptives increases risk in older women who smoke cigarettes, but most studies of past use show no increased risk. Most, but not all, studies of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women show around a 50% reduction in risk of a coronary event in women using unopposed oral estrogen. These important observations need to be confirmed in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, since the protection is biologically plausible and the magnitude of the benefit would be quite large if selection factors can be excluded.
Commonsense for Generative Multi-Hop Question Answering Tasks (2018)

Reading comprehension QA tasks have seen a recent surge in popularity, yet most works have focused on fact-finding extractive QA. We instead focus on a more challenging multihop generative task (NarrativeQA), which requires the model to reason, gather, and synthesize disjoint pieces of information within the context to generate an answer. This type of multi-step reasoning also often requires understanding implicit relations, which humans resolve via external, background commonsense knowledge. We first present a strong generative baseline that uses a multi-attention mechanism to perform multiple hops of reasoning and a pointer-generator decoder to synthesize the answer. This model performs substantially better than previous generative models, and is competitive with current state-of-the-art span prediction models. We next introduce a novel system for selecting grounded multi-hop relational commonsense information from Con-ceptNet via a pointwise mutual information and term-frequency based scoring function. Finally, we effectively use this extracted commonsense information to fill in gaps of reasoning between context hops, using a selectivelygated attention mechanism. This boosts the model's performance significantly (also verified via human evaluation), establishing a new state-of-the-art for the task. We also show that our background knowledge enhancements are generalizable and improve performance on QAngaroo-WikiHop, another multi-hop reasoning dataset.
Signal Transduction Inhibition of APCs Diminishes Th17 and Th1 Responses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2009)

IL-17- and IFN-gamma-secreting T cells play an important role in autoimmune responses in multiple sclerosis and the model system experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Dendritic cells (DCs) in the periphery and microglia in the CNS are responsible for cytokine polarization and expansion of this T cell subset. Our results indicate that in vivo administration of a signal transduction inhibitor that targets DCs to mice with EAE led to a decrease in CNS infiltration of pathogenic Ag-specific T cells. Since this approach does not target T cells directly, we assessed the effects on the APCs that are involved in generating the T cell responses. Since in EAE and multiple sclerosis, both microglia and peripheral DCs are likely to contribute to disease, we utilized a bone marrow chimera system to distinguish between these two populations. These studies show that peripheral DCs are the primary target but that microglia are also modestly affected by CEP-701, as numbers and activation states of the cells in the CNS are decreased after therapy. Our results also showed a decrease in secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-23 by DCs as well as a decrease in expression of costimulatory molecules. We further determined that levels of phospho-Stat1, Stat3, Stat5, and NF-kappaB, which are signaling molecules that have been implicated in these pathways, were decreased. Thus, use of this class of signal transduction inhibitors may represent a novel method to treat autoimmunity by dampening the autoreactive polarizing condition driven by DCs.
ARES: A relational database with the capability of performing flexible interpretation of queries (1986)

In ARES, relational operations have been functionally augmented with an additional comparison operator. This operator implies `approximately equal to' or `similar to' for cases in which the user expects the system to perform a flexible interpretation of the query conditions. The functional augmentation is simply achieved by a combination of conventional relational operations. ARES is now in actual operation in a research environment, and will contribute to the next step of research toward implementation of highly intelligent data processing facilities beyond the present scope of database technology.