gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of natural gas vehicles (NGV) during the fast fill process (2002)

Natural gas is being used as an alternative fuel to gasoline. Natural gas vehicle (NGV) refueling stations, however, are not able to guarantee a 100% full fill to NGV's. A system was designed and built to better understand the characteristics of CNG during the fill process. Useful characteristics of CNG during the fill process are temperature, pressure, and flow rate, as well as, total volume dispensed. CNG is dispensed to an NGV through a process known as the fast fill process, since it is completed in less than five minutes. The system that was built is transportable, which means that it can be used for testing at any NGV refueling station. The information that the transportable test rig provides can be used to acquire information about the fast fill process, which can be used by NGV station manufacturers to design a system that can, possibly, guarantee a 100% NGV fill level.
Class &#x03A6;<inf>2</inf> DC-DC converter with PWM on-off control (2011)

This paper presents a very high frequency dc dc converter based on class Φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> inverter and PWM on-off control is selected as the control strategy. Class Φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> resonant inverter can provide a lower switch voltage stress than class E inverter. Besides, a two-stage resonant gate driver is also introduced, which provides low gating losses and is suited for very high frequency applications. In addition, PWM on off control is used to modulate the converter at a fixed frequency so that there is only designed frequency content at output voltage. The prototype dc-dc converter operating at 30 MHz provides 107 W and closed-loop peak efficiency is 70% during input voltage range of 35 V-47 V when output voltage is regulated at 73 V.
Simultaneous Floating-Point Sine and Cosine for VLIW Integer Processors (2012)

Graphics and signal processing applications often require that sines and cosines be evaluated at a same floating-point argument, and in such cases a very fast computation of the pair of values is desirable. This paper studies how 32-bit VLIW integer architectures can be exploited in order to perform this task accurately for IEEE single precision (including subnormals). We describe software implementations for sinf, cosf, and sincosf over [-pi/4, pi/4]that have a proven 1-ulp accuracy and whose latency on STMicroelectronics' ST231 VLIW integer processor is 19, 18, and 19 cycles, respectively. Such performances are obtained by introducing a novel algorithm for simultaneous sine and cosine that combines univariate and bivariate polynomial evaluation schemes.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Carbon-Carbon Coatings (1987)

General Electric, with Southern Research Institute as subcontractor, completed this program to investigate differential-adsorption, nondestructive evaluation for carbon-carbon coatings. An optimum fluorescent particle and application method were developed to visualize crack patterns in the coatings. A stress-analysis model was developed to predict crack spacing as a function of coating properties, and this provided excellent agreement with experimental results. A study was made of the potential to improve oxidation life by adding glass-formers to the fluorescent particle suspension. A number of methods for measurement of coating thickness were investigated, and eddy current measurement was found to be the most accurate. Keywords: Differential adsorption, Finite- element modeling.
Improved notch model for resist dissolution in lithography simulation (2001)

The use of experimental development rate information is used to demonstrate various deficiencies in the dissolution rate equations commonly employed in commercial lithography simulation programs. An improved version of the Notch dissolution rate equation, incorporating one new parameter, is proposed, which addresses the observed deficiencies. Simulation work comparing the new equation to the standard Notch model reveals significant differences in process window and exposure margin, yet negligible changes in feature profile and iso-dense bias at best focus and exposure.
Widespread Phosphorylation of Histone H2AX by Species C Adenovirus Infection Requires Viral DNA Replication (2009)

Adenovirus infection activates cellular DNA damage response and repair pathways. Viral proteins that are synthesized before viral DNA replication prevent recognition of viral genomes as a substrate for DNA repair by targeting members of the sensor complex composed of Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 for degradation and relocalization, as well as targeting the effector protein DNA ligase IV. Despite inactivation of these cellular sensor and effector proteins, infection results in high levels of histone 2AX phosphorylation, or gammaH2AX. Although phosphorylated H2AX is a characteristic marker of double-stranded DNA breaks, this modification was widely distributed throughout the nucleus of infected cells and was coincident with the bulk of cellular DNA. H2AX phosphorylation occurred after the onset of viral DNA replication and after the degradation of Mre11. Experiments with inhibitors of the serine-threonine kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), AT- and Rad3-related (ATR), and DNA protein kinase (DNA-PK), the kinases responsible for H2AX phosphorylation, indicate that H2AX may be phosphorylated by ATR during a wild-type adenovirus infection, with some contribution from ATM and DNA-PK. Viral DNA replication appears to be the stimulus for this phosphorylation event, since infection with a nonreplicating virus did not elicit phosphorylation of H2AX. Infected cells also responded to high levels of input viral DNA by localized phosphorylation of H2AX. These results are consistent with a model in which adenovirus-infected cells sense and respond to both incoming viral DNA and viral DNA replication.
IFN-γ and IL-17 Production in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Depends on Local APC–T Cell Complement Production (2008)

IFN-gamma- and IL-17-producing T cells autoreactive across myelin components are central to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Using direct in vivo, adoptive transfer, and in vitro systems, we show in this study that the generation of these effectors in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(35-55)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis depends on interactions of locally produced C3a/C5a with APC and T cell C3aR/C5aR. In the absence of the cell surface C3/C5 convertase inhibitor decay-accelerating factor (DAF), but not the combined absence of DAF and C5aR and/or C3aR on APC and T cells, a heightened local autoimmune response occurs in which myelin destruction is markedly augmented in concert with markedly more IFN-gamma(+) and IL-17(+) T cell generation. The augmented T cell response is due to increased IL-12 and IL-23 elaboration by APCs together with increased T cell expression of the receptors for each cytokine. The results apply to initial generation of the IL-17 phenotype because naive CD62L(high) Daf1(-/-) T cells produce 3-fold more IL-17 in response to TGF-beta and IL-6, whereas CD62L(high) Daf1(-/-)C5aR(-/-)C3aR(-/-) T cells produce 4-fold less.
Isolation and purification of Carassius auratus hepatocytes by the method of Percoll (2007)

A prerequisite study on teleost hepatocytes is a reliable method for hepatocytes isolation from blood and other non-parenchyma cells to obtain highly purified cell populations that are functionally active.Since current techniques of hepatocytes isolation fall short of these requirements,we have developed a new and more effective technique for isolation of Carassius auratus hepatocytes by using of Percoll(Polyvinylpyrrolidone coated silica particles) density gradient isolation methods.To evaluate the method of obtaining vigorous and purified hepatocytes,firstly hepatocytes were harvested by collagenase Ⅳ,then divided into two treatments:collagenase IV treatment group as a control,and Percoll grade centrifugation treatment hepatocytes after collagenase Ⅳ as a test group.The cellular morphologies were examined by inversion microscope and protracted growth curve.Viability of cells was determined using standard trypan blue exclusion,and purity of cells was examined using HE dye;proliferation of hepatocytes was tested by MTT assay.Function of hepatocytes was examined using albumin(ALB),urea and lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH)test kits,respectively.The results showed that viability of Carassius auratus hepatocytes was 80.6% and purity was 83.2% using collagenase Ⅳ.After Percoll grade centrifugation purification,the viability and purity increased(P0.05) compared with control,which were 94.2% and 95.1%,respectively.And non-parenchyma cells were hardly seen under phase contract microscope.The time from inoculation to attachment was shortened in purified hepatocytes and proliferation increased(P0.05) compared with control.ALB and urea examined results showed that ALB and urea levels in the supernatant of the cultures increased(P0.05) compared with control.LDH concentration of purified hepatocytes decreased(P0.05) compared with control.The conclusion is that the viability,purity and function of hepatocytes can be enhanced by Percoll grade centrifugation.
Filter learning and evaluation of the computer aided visualization and analysis (CAVA) paradigm for pulmonary nodules using the LIDC-IDRI database (2010)

We present a simple rendering scheme for thoracic CT datasets which yields a color coding based on local differential geometry features rather than Hounsfield densities. The local curvatures are computed on several resolution scales and mapped onto different colors, thereby enhancing nodular and tubular structures. The rendering can be used as a navigation device to quickly access points of possible chest anomalies, in particular lung nodules and lymph nodes. The underlying principle is to use the nodule enhancing overview as a possible alternative to classical CAD approaches by avoiding explicit graphical markers. For performance evaluation we have used the LIDC-IDRI lung nodule data base. Our results indicate that the nodule-enhancing overview correlates well with the projection images produced from the IDRI expert annotations, and that we can use this measure to optimize the combination of differential geometry filters.
Ultrahigh Power Factor in Thermoelectric System Nb<sub>0.95</sub>M<sub>0.05</sub>FeSb (M = Hf, Zr, and Ti) (2018)

Conversion efficiency and output power are crucial parameters for thermoelectric power generation that highly rely on figure of merit <i>ZT</i> and power factor (PF), respectively. Therefore, the synergistic optimization of electrical and thermal properties is imperative instead of optimizing just <i>ZT</i> by thermal conductivity reduction or just PF by electron transport enhancement. Here, it is demonstrated that Nb<sub>0.95</sub>Hf<sub>0.05</sub>FeSb has not only ultrahigh PF over ≈100 µW cm<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> at room temperature but also the highest <i>ZT</i> in a material system Nb<sub>0.95</sub>M<sub>0.05</sub>FeSb (M = Hf, Zr, Ti). It is found that Hf dopant is capable to simultaneously supply carriers for mobility optimization and introduce atomic disorder for reducing lattice thermal conductivity. As a result, Nb<sub>0.95</sub>Hf<sub>0.05</sub>FeSb distinguishes itself from other outstanding NbFeSb-based materials in both the PF and <i>ZT</i>. Additionally, a large output power density of ≈21.6 W cm<sup>-2</sup> is achieved based on a single-leg device under a temperature difference of ≈560 K, showing the realistic prospect of the ultrahigh PF for power generation.
Safety, efficacy and effectiveness of cold-adapted, live, attenuated, trivalent, intranasal influenza vaccine in adults and children (2001)

Studies in children and adults revealed cold-adapted, live, attenuated, trivalent, intranasal influenza vaccine (CAIV-T) to be well accepted, well tolerated and highly protective against culture-confirmed influenza, and to provide significant health benefits. A 2 year, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy field trial of CAIV-T in children aged 15-71 months with annual re-immunization revealed the vaccine to be highly protective against culture-confirmed influenza. Vaccine induced serum and secretory antibodies in vaccinated children. Overall, during 2 years of study, vaccine was 92% protective against culture-confirmed influenza. During the second year of study the vaccine was 86% protective against influenza A/Sydney/5/97-like virus, a significantly drifted strain not well matched to the vaccine. Antibody studies on children given CAIV-T revealed that high titres of cross-reacting antibodies to influenza A/Sydney/5/97 were induced with vaccination by live attenuated influenza A/Wuhan/359/95-like vaccine. Effectiveness measures revealed significant reductions in febrile illness (21% reduction in year 1, 19% reduction in year 2), febrile otitis media (33% reduction in year 1, 16% reduction in year 2) and associated antibiotic use among vaccinated children compared with placebo recipients. In adults, vaccination with CAIV-T resulted in protection during experimental challenge with virulent wild-type viruses. An effectiveness trial in adults demonstrated significant benefits of CAIV-T vaccine (28% reduction in days of missed work for febrile upper respiratory illness days with associated 45% reduction in days taking antibiotics). General use of CAIV-T has the potential to significantly reduce the impact of influenza in children and adults.
Plastic deformation of MoSi2 single crystals (1995)

Abstract The deformation behaviour of MoSi2 single crystals has been studied as a function of crystal orientation in the temperature range from - 196 to 1500°C in compression. While [001]-oriented crystals can be plastically deformed only at high temperatures above 1300°C, plastic flow is possible from temperatures as low as room temperature for single crystals with orientations other than [001]. Five slip systems { 110)(111], {011)(100], {010)(100], {023)(100] and {013)(331] are identified to be operative, depending on crystal orientation. An anomalous increase in critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is observed in the intermediate-temperature range for the former three slip systems. The anomalous temperature range as well as the magnitude of such an anomaly varies with slip system. The Schmid law is generally valid for the {110)(111], {011)(100] and (023)(100] slip systems. In particular, this is the case even in the temperature range of the anomaly in CRSS for the {110)(111j system. In contrast, the CRSS for {013)(331] strongly depends on crystal orientation with the higher values for orientations closer to [001]. This makes the [001] orientation the hardest orientation. On the basis of the results obtained, deformation mechanisms of MoSi2 single crystals including the anomalous increase in CRSS with temperature are discussed. Implications for improvements in the mechanical properties of polycrystalline MoSi2 at ambient temperatures are also briefly discussed.
The Shifting Realities of Performance Improvement: VR, AR, MR (2018)

Virtual, augmented, and mixed realities (VR, AR, MR) are beginning to influence human performance improvement, including learning. This issue introduces the work of three contributors who have worked in, planned, implemented, and researched realities. Terminology and concepts germane to designing realities are presented. Questions are raised regarding what the attributes of realities indicate for performance improvement and learning.
Production a corpus luteum angiogenic factor responsible for proliferation of capillaries and neovascularization of the corpus luteum. (1978)

Factors controlling the changes in the vascular pattern of the ovary that occur during the reproductive cycle have been investigated. By using the rabbit cornea, the abilities of ovarian corpus luteum and of follicles to induce neovascularization have been compared. While the corpus luteum is capable of inducing neovascularization, the follicles do not have this ability. It is therefore likely that the corpus luteum actively participates in its own neovascularization by secreting a factor that we have called "corpus leutem angiogenic factor" (CLAF).
EARLY ASSESSMENT OF LEUKOCYTE ALTERATIONS AT DIAGNOSIS OF SEPTIC SHOCK (2010)

A dramatic decrease in circulating lymphocyte number is regularly described after septic shock. However, it is unknown how early this alteration develops after diagnosis of shock and if it remains stable over time. Twenty-one septic shock patients with no comorbidities were included within 2 h after the beginning of vasopressive treatment. Flow cytometry phenotyping of circulating leukocyte subpopulations and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of T-bet, GATA-3, FOXP3, and RORγ mRNA were performed in patients from the diagnosis of shock and every 6 h during the subsequent 48 h. From their admission in the intensive care unit, patients present with major alterations of circulating leukocyte count (leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and major lymphopenia). The numbers of every lymphocyte subpopulations (T, B, and natural killer cells) were diminished. Gene expression analysis of transcription factors specific for TH1, TH2, CD4CD25 regulatory, and TH17 lymphocytes showed a severe decrease in comparison with healthy individuals' values. These alterations remain stable during the first 48 h after inclusion in the protocol despite early and aggressive resuscitation and antibiotherapy administered in patients. At the time of diagnosis of shock and admission in the intensive care unit, septic patients already present with severe lymphopenia involving every lymphocyte subsets including CD4 T-cell subpopulations. No significant variation could be detected within the first 48 h. This should be taken into account in the forthcoming clinical trials testing immunomodulating therapies in septic shock patients.
Efficient zero-knowledge identification schemes which respect privacy (2009)

At first glance, privacy and zero-knowledgeness seem to be similar properties. A scheme is private when no information is revealed on the prover and in a zero-knowledge scheme, communications should not leak provers' secrets.
Sidney Benjamin (1992)

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Foodservice Managers Attitude toward Waste Disposal (1995)

Solid waste disposal is clearly an issue of great concern is the 1990s. Because of high visible packaging logos, many consumer mistakenly believe that the food service industry is responsible for as much as half of the total of municipal solid waste. This study seeks to identify the current practices and attitudes of managers of independent food services toward solid waste management and the characteristics of food service which were most likely to be involved with a solid waste management program. The results of this study indicate that the majority of independent food service managers feel the waste management is an important issue, they were currently involved in waste management activities, and they were interested in attending a workshop on waste disposal.
Creation of H-2 class I epitopes using synthetic peptides: recognition by alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1989)

A major role that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play in the immune response is the specific destruction of viral-infected cells and tissue from foreign grafts. Class I molecules encoded within the major histocompatibility complex are the target structures for these CTLs. Recently, viral-restricted CTLs have been shown to recognize viral peptides in association with class I molecules, while several studies with cloned alloreactive CTLs have indicated that these T cells can recognize class I-derived peptides in association with class I molecules. Together, these observations suggest that peptide binding is an important function of class I molecules. In this paper, we show that the recognition of a particular class I molecule by a bulk population of alloreactive CTLs can be altered by incubating with it a peptide derived from another class I molecule. Specifically, we used the hybrid D/Ldm1 molecule as a target structure together with the peptide Ld61-85, and we have shown that their associative recognition by Ld-specific CTLs depends on sequence and configuration of the peptide and is specific for Ld using a cold-target inhibition assay. Our results are discussed in light of three possible models for the target structure(s) that can be recognized by alloreactive CTLs and in terms of the role peptides may play during allorecognition.
Novel Derivatives of Biogenic ?-Aminoacids by ring transformations with lactam derivatives (1995)

Binucleophilic biogenic α-aminoacids 1 such as cysteine, penicillamine, serine, and threonine react with lactam acetals 2 by condensation to bridged α-amidinoacids 3 or by condensation/ring transformation to 2-(ω-aminoalkyl)-1,3-azoline-4-carboxylic acids 6. Corresponding reactions with lactim ethers 7 afford analogous α-amidinoacids 8, condensed imidazolones 10 as their derivatives, ω-aminoalkyl-1,3-azolines 13 and, by further reaction with lactim ether 7, modified ω-amidinoalkyl-1,3-azolines 14.
A Soluble Polyaniline Substituted with t-BOC:  Conducting Patterns and Doping (2004)

A soluble polyaniline (PANi) was synthesized by modifying with a photolabile, acid-labile, and thermolabile tert-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) group in this study. The prepared PANi(t-BOC) is highly soluble and thermodynamically stable in low-boiling solvents such as THF, dioxane, and CHCl3. This soluble form of PANi(t-BOC) was converted to the insoluble and electrically conductive emeraldine salts upon photodoping with only a catalytic amount of photoacid generators such as N-(tosyloxy)- or (camphorsulfonyloxy)norborneneimide or -onium salts. As a result of this solubility difference, conducting patterns of high resolution were produced by conventional photolithography process. Further, upon removal of the t-BOC groups in PANi(t-BOC) by acid doping, no obvious morphology change of the films was observed, and such conversion recovered the original conductivity level of the doped PANi. Since the t-BOC protecting groups are easily removed in doping or acid-catalyzed reaction by chemical amplification or thermal bake, the PANi(t-BOC) can be used as conductive matrix polymers for negative type photoimaging or printing materials or for novel solution-processed applications in various microelectronic devices.
A reconfigurable multi-chip analog neural network: recognition and back-propagation training (2003)

A multi-chip analog neural network system capable of prototyping networks with as many as 81920 synaptic connections and 1024 neurons is described. The neural network architecture is reconfigurable by routing all neuron activation values through a host computer which can re-map the network connectivity by changing a look-up table in memory. Once a network is successfully prototyped, it is hardwired and embedded in an application to take full advantage of the performance that the electrically trainable analog neural network (ETANN) chips provide. A multi-layer, multi-chip neural network containing 12660 synaptic connections designed for a pattern recognition application is described along with results. Constraints on network topologies associated with the busing architecture chosen and simulation of this multi-chip system are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrically conducting composites of colloidal polypyrrole and methylcellulose (1986)

The oxidation of pyrrole by iron(III) chloride in aqueous solutions of methylcellulose yields colloidal solutions of conducting polypyrrole which can be used to prepare thin films with maximum conductivity of 0.2 S/cm.