gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical approach to laser trabeculotomy (1978)

Theoretical aspects of laser characteristics as well as the physics parameters involved in laser trabeculotomy in open-angle glaucoma are put forward. Outflow hydrodynamics and perforation mechanism as well as the required optical matching system are evaluated in detail.
Blockade by 4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2′‐disulphonate (DIDS) of P<sub>2X</sub>‐purinoceptors in rat vas deferens (1994)

1. The possibility of an antagonist effect of 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonate (DIDS) at P2X-purinoceptors was studied in rat vas deferens. 2. DIDS reduced contractions elicited by alpha,beta-methylene ATP 3 microM, IC50 1.6 microM, but did not change contractions elicited by K+ 35 mM. DIDS 3.2 microM slightly shifted the concentration-response curve of alpha,beta-methylene ATP to the right and reduced the maximum. DIDS 10 microM markedly decreased and DIDS 32 microM abolished contractions over the entire range of the alpha, beta-methylene ATP concentration-response curve. DIDS 32 microM also abolished contractions elicited by ATP but did not change contractions elicited by noradrenaline. The antagonist effect of DIDS was only slowly reversible. 3. The presence of either suramin 320 microM or alpha,beta-methylene ATP 10 microM during the exposure to DIDS protected the tissue from the long-lasting blocking effect of DIDS. 4. 4,4'-Diisothiocyanatodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulphonate (H2DIDS) was equipotent with DIDS whereas several analogues in which one or both of the isothiocyanate residues were replaced were less effective or without effect against alpha,beta-methylene ATP. 5. DIDS attenuated the purinergic component of neurogenic contractions elicited by electrical field stimulation, IC50 3.9 microM, but did not change the adrenergic component. 6. It is concluded that DIDS causes a selective, long-lasting, non-equilibrium blockade of P2X-purinoceptors in rat vas deferens. Due to this effect it also selectively blocks the purinergic component of neurogenic contractions.
Enantioselective, zirconium-mediated synthesis of allylic amines (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective, zirconium-mediated synthesis of allylic aminesRobert B. Grossman, William M. Davis, and Stephen L. BuchwaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 6, 2321–2322Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00006a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00006a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views996Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Functional Properties of Dephosphorylated Bovine Whole Casein (1993)

Abstract Native whole casein and dephosphorylated (40 and 93%) whole caseins were evaluated for solubility between pH 3 and 8, Ca 2+ sensitivity, emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity, and foam stability. The isoelectric point of the modified caseins shifted upward (.5 pH units for 93% dephosphorylated casein) as the degree of dephosphorylation increased. Caseins in NaCl solutions were equally soluble above their isoelectric points. Dephosphorylated caseins were more soluble in NaCl at pH 3 and in the presence of Ca at pH 7. Emulsifying properties were dependent on the amount of casein in solution and were greatest at the pH at which caseins were most soluble. Emulsions made with modified caseins were similar to native casein emulsions in initial turbidity and emulsion activity index values but had lower oil capacities and tended to be less stable. Dephosphorylated caseins formed less foam volume during sparging, and the foam was very unstable. The removal of the phosphate groups from whole casein improved its solubility and reduced emulsion and foaming properties in ways that may be of value to the food industry.
Comparison of Quantitative Metabolite Imaging Tools and Carbon-13 Techniques for Fluxomics (2009)

The recent development of analytic technologies allows fast analysis of metabolism in real time. Fluxomics aims to define the genes involved in regulation of flux through a metabolic or signaling pathway. Flux through a metabolic or signaling pathway is determined by the activity of its individual components; regulation can occur at many levels, including transcriptional, posttranslational, and allosteric levels. Currently two technologies are used to monitor fluxes. The first is pulse labeling of the organism with a tracer such as C13, followed by mass spectrometric analysis of the partitioning of label into different compounds. The second approach is based on the use of flux sensors, proteins that respond with a conformational change to ligand binding. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) detects the conformational change and serves as a proxy for ligand concentration. Both methods provide high time resolution. In contrast to mass spectrometry assays, FRET nanosensors monitor only a single compound, but the advantage of FRET nanosensors is that they yield data with cellular and subcellular resolution.
Epigenetic marks in somatic chromatin are remodelled to resemble pluripotent nuclei by amphibian oocyte extracts (2009)

Reprogramming pluripotency after nuclear transplantation shows that molecules in oocytes can remodel somatic chromatin to a stem cell state. Here we report on an ex-ovo system using axolotl oocyte extracts to remodel epigenetic marks of somatic chromatin. Molecules present in axolotl oocyte extracts induce the reduction of the overall levels of H3K9me3, HP1alpha and DNA methylation of somatic cells, and they increase the levels of H3K9ac. The levels of signal intensity detected in treated differentiated cells resemble those detected in embryonic stem cells, which are, in contrast, unaffected by these extracts. Analysis of specific genome sequences shows that somatic cells exposed to oocyte extracts undergo demethylation of LINE-1 repeats but Major Satellite repeats and the imprinted gene H19 remain unchanged. In addition, they induce demethylation of the Oct-4 promoter. Finally, the kinetics of activation of Oct-4 and Nanog expression from MEF nuclei treated in extracts suggests that these genes are subject to different levels of epigenetic control. The results demonstrate that axolotl oocyte extracts are a useful tool for studying epigenetic remodelling of somatic cells to a stem cell configuration, and for elucidating oocyte specific mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming.
Metal template reactions. XV. The scope of macrocyclic metal complex formation from malonamido dicarbonyl precursors (1983)

The malonamido dicarbonyl compounds (4)-(6), (8), (13), (15) and (16) have been prepared as potential precursors of macrocyclic nickel(11) complexes. Such complexes could only be formed successfully from the dimethylmalonyl derivative (4). The benzylidene-substituted benzophenone derivatives (15) and (16) underwent a metal-promoted pinacol reaction to yield compounds (17) and (18) containing an 11-membered ring.
Rational and Predictable Chemoselective Synthesis of Oligoamines via Buchwald–Hartwig Amination of (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides Employing Mor-DalPhos (2011)

We report a diverse demonstration of synthetically useful chemoselectivity in the synthesis of di-, tri-, and tetraamines (62 examples) by use of Buchwald-Hartwig amination employing a single catalyst system ([Pd(cinnamyl)Cl](2)/L1; L1 = N-(2-(di(1-adamantyl)phosphino)phenyl)morpholine, Mor-DalPhos). Competition reactions established the following relative preference of this catalyst system for amine coupling partners: linear primary alkylamines and imines > unhindered electron-rich primary anilines, primary hydrazones, N,N-dialkylhydrazines, and cyclic primary alkylamines > unhindered electron-deficient primary anilines, α-branched acyclic primary alkylamines, hindered electron-rich primary anilines ≫ cyclic and acyclic secondary dialkylamines, secondary alkyl/aryl and diarylamines, α,α-branched primary alkylamines, and primary amides. The new isomeric ligand N-(4-(di(1-adamantyl)phosphino)phenyl)morpholine (p-Mor-DalPhos, L2) was prepared in 63% yield and was crystallographically characterized; the [Pd(cinnamyl)Cl](2)/L2 catalyst system exhibited divergent reactivity. Application of the reactivity trends established for [Pd(cinnamyl)Cl](2)/L1 toward the chemoselective synthesis of di-, tri-, and tetraamines was achieved. Preferential arylation was observed at the primary alkylamine position within 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine with [Pd(cinnamyl)Cl](2)/L1 and 4-chlorotoluene (affording 5a); the alternative regioisomer (5a') was obtained when using [Pd(cinnamyl)Cl](2)/L2. These observations are in keeping with coordination chemistry studies, whereby binding of 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine to the in situ generated [(L1)Pd(p-tolyl)](+) fragment occurred via the primary amine moiety, affording the crystallographically characterized adduct [(L1)Pd(p-tolyl)(NH(2)CH(2)CH(2)(4-C(6)H(4)NH(2))](+)OTf(-) (7) in 72% yield.
Wben, Inc. v. United States (1969)

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Design Strategy for Efficient Solution-Processable Red Electrochromic Polymers Based on Unconventional 3,6-Bis(dodecyloxy)thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene Building Blocks (2018)

In the quest for solution-processable red electrochromic material with high performance, a series of 3,6-bis(dodecyloxy)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DOTT)-based polymers have been designed by combining DOTT with different aromatic building blocks (bithiophene, benzene, and dimethoxybenzene) and prepared through Pd-catalyzed chemical copolymerization. Among them, the solution-processable polymer poly(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl-1,4-diyl-3,6-bis(dodecyloxy)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (P3) showed obvious yellow-green fluorescence in chloroform and demonstrated a rapid reversible switching (1.1 s/0.9 s for doping/dedoping process) between the red and bleached states. This brilliant red polymer exhibited moderate contrast (46% at 510 nm) and excellent cycling stability (in film: 78% for total amount and 63% for reduction after 12000 cycles; in device: 85.6% after 3000 cycles) which qualify it for further device fabrications. This study reveals that this polymer (P3) would be a promising high performance red electrochrome and could be a good candidate for flexible and large-scale organic electrochromic devices as well as for smart indicators or display applications.
A three-point generalization of the ellipse (2002)

Given three points in the plane, interest is in the locus of all points for which the sum of the distances to the given points is a prescribed constant. These curves turn out to be sixth degree polynominals in x and y, and thus are complicated. However, it turns out that often there is a point, within the triangle formed by the three given points, for which the constant is a minimum. This point is determined for isosceles triangles, the general case is discussed, although all details are not revealed. Student problems, such as supplying the missing details mentioned and further generalizations, are suggested.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZO(B)THIOPHENE S‐OXIDES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM THE REACTIONS OF ARYLALKYNES AND ANTIMONY PENTAFLUORIDE IN SULFUR DIOXIDE (1982)

Abstract Aus den Phenyl‐acetylenen (I) erhält man bei niedriger Temperatur mit Antimonpentafluorid in Schwefeldioxid z.Tl. die Benzothiophen‐sulfoxide (II) sowie die Vinylsulfinsäuren (III).
Collection of a single alveolar exhaled breath for volatile organic compounds analysis (1995)

Measurement of specific organic compounds in exhaled breath has been used as an indicator of recent exposure to pollutants or as an indicator of the health of an individual. A typical application involves the collection of multiple breaths onto a sorbent cartridge or into an evacuated canister with the use of a relatively complex sampling apparatus. A new method has been developed wherein a single exhaled breath is directly transferred from the mouth into an evacuated 1 l or 1.8 l stainless steel SUMMA canister. The single breath canister (SBC) method avoids the necessity for a complex sampling system requiring maintenance and cleaning and allows easy collection of samples. Additionally, it is possible to collect a rapid sequence of samples from a subject to establish the elimination curve subsequent to an exposure to specific volatile organic compounds with a theoretical resolution of adjacent breaths. The SBC method was compared to an accepted canister based sampling system to assure comparability and then used to demonstrate its utility by measuring the absorption and elimination of chloroform during and after exposure to chlorinated shower water.
A CRISPR-Cas system enhances envelope integrity mediating antibiotic resistance and inflammasome evasion (2014)

Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated (CRISPR-Cas) systems defend bacteria against foreign nucleic acids, such as during bacteriophage infection and transformation, processes which cause envelope stress. It is unclear if these machineries enhance membrane integrity to combat this stress. Here, we show that the Cas9-dependent CRISPR-Cas system of the intracellular bacterial pathogen Francisella novicida is involved in enhancing envelope integrity through the regulation of a bacterial lipoprotein. This action ultimately provides increased resistance to numerous membrane stressors, including antibiotics. We further find that this previously unappreciated function of Cas9 is critical during infection, as it promotes evasion of the host innate immune absent in melanoma 2/apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (AIM2/ASC) inflammasome. Interestingly, the attenuation of the cas9 mutant is complemented only in mice lacking both the AIM2/ASC inflammasome and the bacterial lipoprotein sensor Toll-like receptor 2, but not in single knockout mice, demonstrating that Cas9 is essential for evasion of both pathways. These data represent a paradigm shift in our understanding of the function of CRISPR-Cas systems as regulators of bacterial physiology and provide a framework with which to investigate the roles of these systems in myriad bacteria, including pathogens and commensals.
Mechanism of magnetization transfer during on‐resonance water saturation. A new approach to detect mobile proteins, peptides, and lipids (2003)

The mechanism of magnetization transfer (MT) between water and components of the proton spectrum was studied ex vivo in a perfused cell system and in vivo in the rat brain (n = 5). Water was selectively labeled and spectral buildup consequential to transfer of longitudinal magnetization was followed as a function of time. At short mixing time (T(m)), nitrogen-bound solvent-exchangeable protons were observed, predominantly assigned to amide groups of proteins and peptides. At longer T(m), intramolecular nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) was observed in the aliphatic proton region, leading to a mobile-macromolecule-weighted spectrum that resembles typical protein spectra described in the literature. This effect on the proton spectrum is distinct from that of classical off-resonance MT, which has been shown to be due to the immobile solid-like proton pool. When studying a solution of major brain metabolites under physiological concentrations and conditions (pH), no transfer effects were observed, in line with expectations based on reduced NOE effects in rapidly tumbling molecules and the fast proton exchange rates of amino, amine, SH, and OH groups. The spectral intensities of the amide protons may serve as indicators for pH and cellular levels of mobile proteins and peptides, while the aliphatic components are representative of several types of mobile macromolecules, including proteins, peptides, and lipids.
Hydrocarbon-soluble sulfonating reagents. Sulfonation of aromatic polymers in hydrocarbon solution using soluble acyl sulfates (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrocarbon-soluble sulfonating reagents. Sulfonation of aromatic polymers in hydrocarbon solution using soluble acyl sulfatesWarren A. ThalerCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 4, 623–628Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00238a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00238a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views759Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effects of adaptation on the perception of similar and dissimilar odors (1991)

Adaptation among several odors was studied using a multiple-alternative, forced-choice procedure where six concentrations of each odorant and three blanks were presented in a random sequence before and after adaptation to each of the odors. Adaptation was expressed in terms of changes in both identification threshold and perceived intensity. In the first experiment, Galaxolide® (a synthetic isochroman musk) and 5α-androst-16-en-3-one (androstenone) showed no cross-adaptation in spite of sharing, for some people, a musky note. In the second experiment, Galaxolide and Thibetolide® (a synthetic macrocyclic musk) showed significant, but asymmetric, cross-adaptation. When Galaxolide was the adapting stimulus, shifts in indentification threshold and magnitude estimates for Thibetolide were not significantly different from those obtained for Galaxolide, a result consistent with the conclusion that cross-adaptation was as effective as self-adaptation. When Thibetolide was the adapting stimulus, shifts in identification threshold and magnitude estimates for Galaxolide were significantly less than those obtained for Thibetolide, suggesting that cross-adaptation was less effective. This result is puzzling given the perceptual similarity of these two musky compounds: subjects did not distinguish between them during random presentation. The distinct odors of amyl acetate (banana) and d-limonene (orange) showed no cross-adaptation in either experiment.
Dyskeratosis congenita and telomerase (2004)

Studies of dyskeratosis congenita have shed light on the pathobiology of aplastic anemia and other forms of bone marrow dysfunction. It seems likely that mutations in other genes involved in telomere maintenance will be linked to bone marrow failure or other human diseases. Genetic testing for occult dyskeratosis congenita may be warranted in selected patients with aplastic anemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, as this may impact the choice of therapies.
Cultura de género: la brecha ideológica entre hombres y mujeres (2005)

Cada vez más, la acepción del género hace referencia al conjunto de prácticas, creencias, representaciones y prescripciones sociales que surgen entre los integrantes de un grupo humano en función de la interpretación y valoración que se hace de la diferencia anatómica entre hombres y mujeres. Esta diferenciación se plasma no solo en la división de las actividades que realiza cada sexo, sino incluso en las identidades e interacciones de hombres y de mujeres. En general, la investigación realizada en torno al entendimiento de esta percepción diferencial ha dejado en claro que por encima de una esencia biológica, hay un proceso de construcción social alrededor de la pertenencia a un sexo. Así, cada cultura desarrolla una serie de pautas normativas y significados que delimitan la actuación de hombres y de mujeres. En términos de explorar las creencias y valoraciones que actualmente fundamentan la percepción diferenciada en México, se aplicó un inventario para la evaluación de la ideología de género predominante en hombres y en mujeres a 400 adultos. Los resultados matizados por el sexo, la edad y la educación de los sujetos, son discutidos en torno al impacto que las transformaciones socioculturales actuales tienen en la permanencia o transición de esta ideología y las posibles causas y consecuencias de dicho proceso.
Current Pharmacologic Treatment of Dementia: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians (2008)

The targeted literature search included evidence related to the effectiveness of 5 U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacologic therapies for dementia for outcomes in the domains of cognition, global function, behavior/mood, and quality of life/activities of daily living. RECOMMENDATION 1: Clinicians should base the decision to initiate a trial of therapy with a cholinesterase inhibitor or memantine on individualized assessment. (Grade: weak recommendation, moderate-quality evidence.) RECOMMENDATION 2: Clinicians should base the choice of pharmacologic agents on tolerability, adverse effect profile, ease of use, and cost of medication. The evidence is insufficient to compare the effectiveness of different pharmacologic agents for the treatment of dementia. (Grade: weak recommendation, low-quality evidence.) RECOMMENDATION 3: There is an urgent need for further research on the clinical effectiveness of pharmacologic management of dementia.
Calculated spectral dependence of gain in excited GaAs (1976)

The calculated dependence of the gain coefficient on photon energy and excitation level in GaAs is given for 297 and 77 K. The curves of gain versus excitation rate generally have downward curvature for photon energies near the gain peak, while the envelope of these curves generally has upward curvature except at high excitation rates. Results are also given for the calculated dependence of the radiative recombination rate coefficient and of the photon energy at the gain peak on excitation rate. The qualitative behavior of the results is in agreement with experiment.
Automated illustration of multimedia stories (2010)

SES more effectively reduced the need for repeat revascularization procedures than PES when used in routine clinical practice. The beneficial effect is maintained up to 2 years and may be less pronounced in diabetic patients.