gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic synthesis of a bicyclobutane fatty acid by a hemoprotein–lipoxygenase fusion protein from the cyanobacterium <i>Anabaena</i> PCC 7120 (2007)

Biological transformations of polyunsaturated fatty acids often lead to chemically unstable products, such as the prostaglandin endoperoxides and leukotriene A(4) epoxide of mammalian biology and the allene epoxides of plants. Here, we report on the enzymatic production of a fatty acid containing a highly strained bicyclic four-carbon ring, a moiety known previously only as a model compound for mechanistic studies in chemistry. Starting from linolenic acid (C18.3omega3), a dual function protein from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 forms 9R-hydroperoxy-C18.3omega3 in a lipoxygenase domain, then a catalase-related domain converts the 9R-hydroperoxide to two unstable allylic epoxides. We isolated and identified the major product as 9R,10R-epoxy-11trans-C18.1 containing a bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl ring on carbons 13-16, and the minor product as 9R,10R-epoxy-11trans,13trans,15cis-C18.omega3, an epoxide of the leukotriene A type. Synthesis of both epoxides can be understood by initial transformation of the hydroperoxide to an epoxy allylic carbocation. Rearrangement to an intermediate bicyclobutonium ion followed by deprotonation gives the bicyclobutane fatty acid. This enzymatic reaction has no parallel in aqueous or organic solvent, where ring-opened cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, and homoallyl products are formed. Given the capability shown here for enzymatic formation of the highly strained and unstable bicyclobutane, our findings suggest that other transformations involving carbocation rearrangement, in both chemistry and biology, should be examined for the production of the high energy bicyclobutanes.
The impact of complications on outcomes after resection for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction carcinoma (2003)

Technical complications have a large negative impact on survival after esophagogastrectomy for cancer. Strategies to optimize surgical technique and minimize complications should improve outcomes in this cancer operation.
Study of PVD AlCrN Coating for Reducing Carbide Cutting Tool Deterioration in the Machining of Titanium Alloys (2013)

The manufacture of medical and aerospace components made of titanium alloys and other difficult-to-cut materials requires the parallel development of high performance cutting tools coated with materials capable of enhanced tribological and resistance properties. In this matter, a thin nanocomposite film made out of AlCrN (aluminum-chromium-nitride) was studied in this research, showing experimental work in the deposition process and its characterization. A heat-treated monolayer coating, competitive with other coatings in the machining of titanium alloys, was analyzed. Different analysis and characterizations were performed on the manufactured coating by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDXS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the mechanical behavior of the coating was evaluated through hardness test and tribology with pin-on-disk to quantify friction coefficient and wear rate. Finally, machinability tests using coated tungsten carbide cutting tools were executed in order to determine its performance through wear resistance, which is a key issue of cutting tools in high-end cutting at elevated temperatures. It was demonstrated that the specimen (with lower friction coefficient than previous research) is more efficient in machinability tests in Ti6Al4V alloys. Furthermore, the heat-treated monolayer coating presented better performance in comparison with a conventional monolayer of AlCrN coating.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: who needs them? (1998)

Conference Article| May 01 1998 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: who needs them? M. Hamosh M. Hamosh 1Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd, N.W. Washington, DC 20007, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1998) 26 (2): 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0260096 Article history Received: November 14 1997 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M. Hamosh; Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: who needs them?. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1998; 26 (2): 96–103. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0260096 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: DHA, docosahexaenoic acid, AA, arachidonic acid, LCPUFA, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, EFA, essential fatty acid, SIDS, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome This content is only available as a PDF. © 1998 Biochemical Society1998 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies to gag Protein p19 of Avian Sarcoma and Leukaemia Viruses (1987)

We have characterized a set of 15 monoclonal antibodies to p19gag, one of the internal proteins of avian sarcoma and leukaemia viruses. All the antibodies work in immune precipitations as well as in immunoblotting, though with different efficiencies. We have developed a simple epitope mapping technique, which uses partial chemical cleavages at methionine or tryptophan residues followed by immunoblotting from SDS-polyacrylamide gels, to localize the epitopes of nine of these antibodies. The epitopes fall into at least four classes. The mapping procedure should also be useful for other antigens of known primary structure.
Model‐based microwave image reconstruction: simulations and experiments (2004)

We describe an integrated microwave imaging system that can provide spatial maps of dielectric properties of heterogeneous media with tomographically collected data. The hardware system (800-1200 MHz) was built based on a lock-in amplifier with 16 fixed antennas. The reconstruction algorithm was implemented using a Newton iterative method with combined Marquardt-Tikhonov regularizations. System performance was evaluated using heterogeneous media mimicking human breast tissue. Finite element method coupled with the Bayliss and Turkel radiation boundary conditions were applied to compute the electric field distribution in the heterogeneous media of interest. The results show that inclusions embedded in a 76-diameter background medium can be quantitatively reconstructed from both simulated and experimental data. Quantitative analysis of the microwave images obtained suggests that an inclusion of 14 mm in diameter is the smallest object that can be fully characterized presently using experimental data, while objects as small as 10 mm in diameter can be quantitatively resolved with simulated data.
Conditional Stability of the HemA Protein (Glutamyl-tRNA Reductase) Regulates Heme Biosynthesis in <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (1999)

In many bacteria, including the enteric species Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, heme is synthesized starting from glutamate by a pathway in which the first committed step is catalyzed by the hemA gene product, glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HemA). We have demonstrated previously that when heme limitation is imposed on cultures of S. typhimurium, HemA enzyme activity is increased 10- to 25-fold. Western (immunoblot) analysis with monoclonal antibodies reactive with HemA revealed that heme limitation results in a corresponding increase in the abundance of the enzyme. Similar regulation was also observed for E. coli. The near absence of regulation of hemA-lac operon fusions suggested a posttranscriptional control. We report here the results of pulse-labeling and immunoprecipitation studies of this regulation. The principal mechanism that contributes to elevated HemA abundance is protein stabilization. The half-life of HemA protein is approximately 20 min in unrestricted cells but increases to >300 min in heme-limited cells. Similar regulation was observed for a HemA-LacZ hybrid protein containing almost all of the HemA protein (416 residues). Sodium azide prevents HemA turnover in vivo, suggesting a role for energy-dependent proteolysis. This was confirmed by the finding that HemA turnover is completely blocked in a lon clpP double mutant of E. coli. Each single mutant shows only a small effect. The ClpA chaperone, but not ClpX, is required for ClpP-dependent HemA turnover. A hybrid HemA-LacZ protein containing just 18 amino acids from HemA is also stabilized in the lon clpP double mutant, but this shorter fusion protein is not correctly regulated by heme limitation. We suggest that the 18 N-terminal amino acids of HemA may constitute a degradation tag, whose function is conditional and modified by the remainder of the protein in a heme-dependent way. Several models are discussed to explain why the turnover of HemA is promoted by Lon-ClpAP proteolysis only when sufficient heme is available.
Genetic variation for nitrate concentration in Nicotiana tabacum L. (1983)

Journal Article Genetic variation for nitrate concentration in Nicotiana tabacum L. Get access J. A. Ostrem, J. A. Ostrem Department of Agronomy, University of WisconsinMadison, WI 53706) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. B. Collins G. B. Collins Department of Agronomy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY 40546-0091 Please address reprint requests to Dr. Collins. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 74, Issue 6, November 1983, Pages 431–434, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109831 Published: 01 November 1983
VLSI architecture for an advance DS/CDMA wireless communication receiver (2002)

This paper presents an efficient VLSI Architecture for an advanced Direct Sequence CDMA Wireless Communication Receiver. Compensating for near/far effects is critical for the satisfactory performance of D/S CDMA systems. An effective approach to combat the near/far effect is multi-user detection. This approach has the potential of increasing the capacity by canceling co-channel interference. The receiver discussed here operates by successively canceling user interferences ranked in order of received power levels. The ranking is obtained from the (magnitude of) the correlations of user chip sequences with the received signal. We present an efficient VLSI architecture for its implementation. Further, we show that the performance of this receiver is vastly superior to the conventional receiver (without cancellation).
Sensitivity enhancement of nucleic acid detection by lateral flow strip test using UV crosslink method (2012)

Background: Nucleic acid lateral flow (NALF) strip test is currently a promising method in biomedical applications for point-of-care DNA detection. However, sensitivity of NALF is a major limitation when tested without amplification of the DNA sample. Objective: This study introduces UV crosslink as an additional step to enhance sensitivity of the test strip. Methods: By applying UV exposure to the NALF platform with different irradiation energies and times, specificity test with target DNA and non-target DNA. Results: the results revealed increasing signals of approximately 40% from all test strips compared to those without UV exposure. Furthermore, the sensitivity enhancement by UV crosslink of NALF dipstick has been shown to be independent from DNA sequences, hybridization specificity and target DNA length. Conclusion: Data presents a new step to improve the sensitivity of NALF assay. It allows immediate visualization and quantification. There may be a potential application in other NALF platform products. Keywords: Biosensor, gold nanoparticles, lateral flow, nanomedicine, strip test, UV crosslink
Technology Acceptance and Social Networking in Distance Learning (2003)

We have previously reported that parathyroid hormone (PTH) has specific effects on a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. Further studies were performed to characterize the signaling cascades initiated by PTH. We report that PTH induced the appearance of voltage sensitive calcium channels. Furthermore, PTH increased ceramide but not diacylglycerol content. Since elevations in [Ca(2+)](i) and phospholipid turnover are signals for the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), the cells were screened for PKC isoforms. PTH induced a redistribution of the PKCepsilon to the particulate fractions of cell homogenates. In summary, PTH induced PKC translocation through a calcium-phospholipid pathway in an endothelial cell line.
Structured Binary Neural Networks for Accurate Image Classification and Semantic Segmentation (2019)

In this paper, we propose to train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with both binarized weights and activations, leading to quantized models specifically for mobile devices with limited power capacity and computation resources. By assuming the same architecture to full-precision networks, previous works on quantizing CNNs seek to preserve the floating-point information using a set of discrete values, which we call value approximation. However, we take a novel ``structure approximation'' view for quantization--- it is very likely that a different architecture may be better for best performance. In particular, we propose a ``network decomposition'' strategy, named Group-Net, in which we divide the network into groups. In this way, each full-precision group can be effectively reconstructed by aggregating a set of homogeneous binary branches. In addition, we learn effect connections among groups to improve the representational capability. Moreover, the proposed Group-Net shows strong generalization to other tasks. For instance, we extend Group-Net for highly accurate semantic segmentation by embedding rich context into the binary structure. Experiments on both classification and semantic segmentation tasks demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed methods over various popular architectures. In particular, we outperform the previous best binary neural networks in terms of accuracy and huge computation saving.
Phase I/II study of sapacitabine and decitabine administered sequentially in elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. (2011)

6587 Background: Sapacitabine is a novel nucleoside analogue with a unique ability to cause irreparable single-strand DNA breaks and induce G2 cell cycle arrest. It is orally administered and has demonstrated promising activity in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In AML cell lines, the active metabolite of sapacitabine, CNDAC, is synergistic with hypomethylating agents with the synergy being more apparent if cells are treated with hypomethylating agents first. We are conducting a phase 1/ 2 study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of administering sapacitabine in alternating cycles with decitabine in elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML. Methods: Decitabine 20 mg/m2 is infused intravenously daily x 5 days of a 4-weeks cycle (odd cycles) alternating with sapacitabine 300 mg po b.i.d. x 3 days/week x 2 weeks of a 4-weeks cycle (even cycles). These doses are considered tolerable if dose limiting toxicity (DLT) occurs in ≤ 2 of 6 patients in the phase 1. The planned sample size for phase 2 is 24 patients including those who receiving the same doses of both drugs in the phase 1. The primary efficacy endpoint is response rate (CR, CRp, PR, or major HI). The regimen will be considered active if response rate is ≥ 30%. Eligible patients must be ≥70 years with untreated AML, unsuitable for or unwilling to receive standard induction chemotherapy; patients who received hypomethylating agents for prior MDS or MPD are excluded. Results: As of January 2011, 21 patients were treated with the above regimen and 16 had ≥ 60 days of follow-up. Median age is 76 years (range, 72-88). No DLT were observed. Three patients achieved CR, 2 PR and 1 major HI in platelets. Time to response is 2-4 cycles. Eight patients have received ≥ 4 cycles of treatment. Two patients died within 60-days and the deaths were unrelated to study drugs by investigator assessment. Common adverse events (regardless of causality) included weakness, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, dehydration, dyspnea, edema, pneumonia, febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hypocalcemia, mostly moderate in intensity. Conclusions: The sequential combination of decitabine and sapacitabine is safe and active in elderly AML.
A novel, implicit treatment for language comprehension processes in right hemisphere brain damage: Phase I data (2011)

BACKGROUND: This manuscript reports the initial phase of testing for a novel, "Contextual constraint" treatment, designed to stimulate inefficient language comprehension processes in adults with right hemisphere brain damage (RHD). Two versions of treatment were developed to target two normal comprehension processes that have broad relevance for discourse comprehension and that are often disrupted by RHD: coarse semantic coding and suppression. The development of the treatment was informed by two well-documented strengths of the RHD population. The first is consistently better performance on assessments that are implicit, or nearly so, than on explicit, metalinguistic measures of language and cognitive processing. The second is improved performance when given linguistic context that moderately-to-strongly biases an intended meaning. Treatment consisted of providing brief context sentences to prestimulate, or constrain, intended interpretations. Participants made no explicit associations or judgments about the constraint sentences; rather, these contexts served only as implicit primes. AIMS: This Phase I treatment study aimed to determine the effects of a novel, implicit, Contextual Constraint treatment in adults with RHD whose coarse coding or suppression processes were inefficient. Treatment was hypothesized to speed coarse coding or suppression function in these individuals. METHODS #ENTITYSTARTX00026; PROCEDURES: Three adults with RHD participated in this study, one (P1) with a coarse coding deficit and two (P2, P3) with suppression deficits. Probe tasks were adapted from prior studies of coarse coding and suppression in RHD. The dependent measure was the percentage of responses that met predetermined response time criteria. When pre-treatment baseline performance was stable, treatment was initiated. There were two levels of contextual constraint, Strong and Moderate, and treatment for each item began with the provision of the Strong constraint context. OUTCOMES #ENTITYSTARTX00026; RESULTS: Treatment-contingent gains were evident after brief periods of treatment, for P1 on two treatment lists, and for P2. P3 made slower but still substantial gains. Maintenance of gains was evident for P1, the only participant for whom it was measured. CONCLUSIONS: This Phase I treatment study documents the potential for considerable gains from an implicit, Contextual constraint treatment. If replicated, this approach to treatment may hold promise for individuals who do poorly with effortful, metalinguistic treatment tasks, or for whom it is desirable to minimize errors during treatment. The real test of this treatment's benefit will come from later phase studies of study, which will test broad-based generalization to various aspects of discourse comprehension.
Components with Optimised Properties due to Advanced Thermo-mechanical Process Strategies in Hot Sheet Metal Forming (2008)

The increasing demand for car body structures with optimised energy absorption capacity and the ability to maintain their structural integrity even under the highest dynamic load has stimulated the development of new thermo-mechanical process routes for the production of pressed and roll-formed sheet metal parts in order to combine both extreme formability and a highest level of strength for the final product. These process routes offer a high potential for further improvements in the field of strength-strain correlation and load adapted property distribution of the components, as well as an enhanced process productivity. A new type of thermo-mechanical tailored processing of sheets and profiles is presented, based on the adequate application of differential heating and cooling strategies. By the control of local microstructural effects, the components develop a property distribution adapted to complex load situations. New tooling concepts complement these developments in order to ensure high process efficiency and reliability.
Antagonistic Roles for BRM and BRG1 SWI/SNF Complexes in Differentiation (2009)

The mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex is essential for the multiple changes in gene expression that occur during differentiation. However, the basis within the complex for specificity in effecting positive versus negative changes in gene expression has only begun to be elucidated. The catalytic core of the complex can be either of two closely related ATPases, BRM or BRG1, with the potential that the choice of alternative subunits is a key determinant of specificity. Short hairpin RNA-mediated depletion of the ATPases was used to explore their respective roles in the well characterized multistage process of osteoblast differentiation. The results reveal an unexpected role for BRM-specific complexes. Instead of impeding differentiation as was seen with BRG1 depletion, depletion of BRM caused accelerated progression to the differentiation phenotype. Multiple tissue-specific differentiation markers, including the tightly regulated late stage marker osteocalcin, become constitutively up-regulated in BRM-depleted cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the osteocalcin promoter as a model for the behavior of the complexes indicates that the promoter is a direct target of both BRM- and BRG1-containing complexes. BRG1 complexes, which are required for activation, are associated with the promoter well before induction, but the concurrent presence of BRM-specific complexes overrides their activation function. BRM-specific complexes are present only on the repressed promoter and are required for association of the co-repressor HDAC1. These findings reveal an unanticipated degree of specialization of function linked with the choice of ATPase and suggest a new paradigm for the roles of the alternative subunits during differentiation.
Selective inhibition of human diploid fibroblast collagen synthesis by interferons. (1984)

The effects of alpha- and gamma-interferons (IFNs) on collagen production by confluent human diploid fibroblasts in culture were examined. It was found that partially purified alpha-IFNs and affinity purified gamma-IFNs caused greater than 50% inhibition of collagen synthesis by these cells independently of their effect on cell proliferation. Recombinant alpha-IFNs showed a similar effect (38.8% inhibition), indicating that collagen synthesis inhibition was a constitutive property of IFNs. Collagen synthesis inhibition by IFNs was concentration dependent. Gel filtration chromatography of the newly synthesized proteins from the media of fibroblasts incubated with partially purified alpha-IFNs demonstrated a selective depression of molecules eluting in the region of procollagen. No detectable increase in collagen degradation products or underhydroxylation of procollagen was observed. Short-term kinetic studies further demonstrated that the major effect of IFNs was due to a net decrease in fibroblast collagen production rather than to impairment of secretion or increased extracellular degradation of the newly synthesized molecules. These results indicate that alpha- and gamma-IFNs are potent inhibitors of human fibroblast collagen production and suggest that they may play an important role in the regulation of normal and pathologic fibrogenesis.