gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A thyratron “scale of two” automatic counter (1932)

Abstract In a previous paper the author discussed a method of using thyratrons for high-speed automatic counting of physical events which are repeated very rapidly. It was shown that a group of, say, four or five thyratrons associated with a mechanical counting meter can be made to record continuously occurrences of events separated by time intervals which are very much shorter than the time required by the mechanical meter to effect its own changes of dial readings. This is made possible by the development of a special “ thyratron ring ” circuit which enables the “ inertialess relay” characteristics of the individual thyratrons to be utilised to the greatest advantage. By using in the circuit a sufficient number of thyratrons, the counting speed can be made independent of the mechanical inertia of the recording mechanism and dependent only on the electrical characteristics of the circuit. The method, as pointed out in the paper, can be used for the recording of any physical event the occurrence of which can be made to apply a voltage impulse to the thyratron counting ring. The means of doing this are various, the choice of a suitable one being dependent upon individual experimental conditions. For the recording of an optical event, for example, the required voltage impulse might be applied to the thyratrons by means of a photoelectric cell used in conjunction with a suitable valve amplifier.
XEM: managing the evolution of XML documents (2002)

As information on the World Wide Web continues to proliferate at an astounding rate, the Extensible Markup Language (XML) has been emerging as a standard format for data representation on the Web. In many applications, specific document type definitions (DTDs) are designed to enforce a semantically agreed-upon structure of the XML documents for management. However, both the data and the structure of XML documents tend to change over time for a multitude of reasons, including to correct design errors in the DTD, to allow expansion of the application scope over time, or to account for the merging of several businesses into one. However most of the current software tools that enable the use of XML do not provide explicit support for such data or schema changes. In this vein, we put forth the first solution framework, called XML Evolution Manager (XEM) to manage the evolution of XML. XEM provides a minimal yet complete taxonomy of basic change primitives. These primitives, classified as either data changes or schema changes, are consistency-preserving, i.e., for a data change, they ensure that the modified XML document conforms to its DTD both in structure and constraints; and for a schema change, they ensure that the new DTD is a valid DTD and all existing XML documents are transformed also to conform to the modified DTD. We prove the completeness of the taxonomy in terms of DTD transformation. To verify the feasibility of our XEM approach we have implemented a working prototype system using PSE Pro as our backend storage system.
Mitochondrial Effects of HIV Infection on the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of HIV-Infected Patients Who Were Never Treated with Antiretrovirals (2004)

To investigate the effects of HIV infection on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and other mitochondrial parameters, we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 25 asymptomatic antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and from 25 healthy control subjects. HIV-infected patients had significant decreases in mtDNA content (decrease, 23%; P<.05) and in the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex II (decrease, 41%; P<.001), MRC complex III (decrease, 38%; P<.001), MRC complex IV (decrease, 19%; P=.001), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (decrease, 22%; P<.001), along with increased lipid peroxidation of PBMC membranes (P=.007). Therefore, HIV infection is associated not only with mtDNA depletion, but also with extensive MRC disturbances and increased oxidative damage.
Cellular desiccation and hydration: developmentally regulated proteins, and the maturation and germination of seed embryos (1991)

Little more than a decade ago, 2-dimensional mapping of proteins and biochemical study of their allied coding elements (mRNA and DNA) were first used to probe possible changes in the embryo during seed germination. Because specification was of primary importance, our attention was initially directed toward the characterization of individual proteins and coding elements which, in preliminary surveys of the germinating wheat embryo, were found to be conspicuously subject to developmental regulation. Three of the proteins have become subjects of comprehensive investigations in this and other laboratories: the Em protein, the Ec protein, and germin. The Em and Ec proteins are encoded by the conserved mRNA 'stored' in the mature embryos of dry, field-ripened seeds but germin is encoded by the nascent mRNA formed after mature embryos are germinated in water. The Ec protein is the only bona fide Zn metallothionein yet found in higher plants. Studies of their biology and molecular biology suggest that the Em protein has a role in hormone-mediated (abscisic acid) cellular desiccation and that germin has a role in hormone-mediated (auxin) cellular hydration. It is projected that further studies of the Em protein may help elucidate the molecular basis for a loss of dessication tolerance during germination, and that further studies of germin may help elucidate the molecular basis of plant cell enlargement.
Maturity stage at harvest affects fruit ripening, quality and biosynthesis of aroma volatile compounds in ‘Kensington Pride’ mango (2003)

SummaryThe ‘Kensington Pride’ mango at four maturity stages (hard mature green, sprung mature green, half-ripe and ripe) were harvested and allowed to ripen at 21±1˚C. During ripening, the respiration rate and ethylene production were recorded. The ripe fruit were assessed for the quality, fatty acids and production of aroma volatile compounds. Only fruit harvested at the hard mature green stage showed a typical climacteric respiration and ethylene production during fruit ripening. The ripe fruit harvested at the hard mature green stage exhibited higher acids content, lower total sugars and reducing sugars contents, a lower Hunter green-red value (a* = 6.30) and a higher hue angle value (h˚ = 76.20). Fruit maturity stage at harvest did not significantly affect fruit firmness, total soluble solids, non-reducing sugars and total carotenoids of the ripe fruit. Total fatty acids, caproic, lauric, myristic, palmitic and palmitoleic acid were higher in the pulp of ripe fruit harvested at the sprung green stage. Caprilic, capric, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic were higher in the pulp of ripe fruit harvested at the half ripe stage. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids was lower in the ripe fruit harvested at the hard green mature and sprung green stage. The pulp of ripe fruit harvested at the sprung green stage exhibited higher total amounts of the aroma volatiles, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aromatics. Fruit harvested at the fully ripe stage resulted in higher concentrations of esters, alkanes and norisoprenoids. To achieve better quality and greater aroma volatile production of the ripe fruit, mango should be harvested at the sprung green stage.
Vortex-Shedding Meters For Liquid And Liquid/Gas Flows (1993)

Flowmeters without moving parts developed as replacements for conventional turbine flowmeters. No maintenance required so meters installed permanently. In vortex-shedding flowmeter, piezoelectric or other suitable transducer probe senses changes of pressure caused by passage of vortices. Electronic circuitry processes pressure-change signals to extract vortex-passage frequency representing rate of flow.
Inferring Protein Modulation from Gene Expression Data Using Conditional Mutual Information (2014)

Systematic, high-throughput dissection of causal post-translational regulatory dependencies, on a genome wide basis, is still one of the great challenges of biology. Due to its complexity, however, only a handful of computational algorithms have been developed for this task. Here we present CINDy (Conditional Inference of Network Dynamics), a novel algorithm for the genome-wide, context specific inference of regulatory dependencies between signaling protein and transcription factor activity, from gene expression data. The algorithm uses a novel adaptive partitioning methodology to accurately estimate the full Condition Mutual Information (CMI) between a transcription factor and its targets, given the expression of a signaling protein. We show that CMI analysis is optimally suited to dissecting post-translational dependencies. Indeed, when tested against a gold standard dataset of experimentally validated protein-protein interactions in signal transduction networks, CINDy significantly outperforms previous methods, both in terms of sensitivity and precision.
Polarization sensitivity of the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (1996)

A detalled investigation of the coupled dynamlcs of the copropagatlng and counterpropagatlng polarlzation states in the optical loop fiber of a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror is performed Analysis of the dynamlcs yields evidence for the existence of a polarization-insensitive cofiguration of the device.
Agrichemical Interactions with Propanil on Propanil-Resistant Barnyardgrass (<i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>) (1999)

Agrichemical interactions between propanil; the herbicides HOE 30374, pendimethalin, piperophos, quinclorac, and thiobencarb; and the insecticide carbaryl were evaluated under field conditions to find synergistic or additive interactions useful to control a barnyardgrass biotype resistant to propanil (R-BYG) without injuring rice. Propanil and each compound were evaluated at four rates for a total of 16 rate combinations for each additive. Averaged over all experiments, 2- to 3-leaf R-BYG control with propanil alone at 0.83, 1.65, 3.3, and 6.6 kg ai/ha was 33, 53, 62, and 81% at 7 d after treatment (DAT). Propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass (S-BYG) response to propanil alone at similar rates was 52, 73, 88, and 94% control. HOE 30374, carbaryl, piperophos, or pendimethalin in combination with propanil produced synergistic effects on R-BYG. For each compound tested, at least one rate combination with propanil controlled R-BYG > 80% with minimal rice injury (< 20%) at 7 DAT. Use of these combinations of compounds could provide more effective control of this resistant biotype and help prevent its spread.
Matching of 3D building models with IR images for texture extraction (2011)

Thermal inspections of buildings contribute to detection of damaged and weak spots in the building hull. 3D spatial reference for this purpose can be achieved combining infrared images with 3D building models via texture mapping. Using terrestrial image sequences from a camera mounted in a mobile platform frontal faces can be captured, while airborne image sequences can be taken for roofs and inner yards. However, according to different geometry of acquisition, two different methods for matching of terrestrial and airborne images are required. In this paper we present a concept for texturing of an existing 3D building model with complementary terrestrial and airborne IR image sequences. First we present a method for matching of terrestrial image sequences based on relative orientation of the point cloud. Second, we introduce a method for matching of airborne images including system calibration and best texture selection. Further, the combination of the terrestrial and airborne data in one 3D building model is introduced.
Entwicklung einer kapazitätsorientierten Darstellung von Flexibilität (1989)

Die Ermittlung von Flexibilitätsgrößen zur Verwendung im Investitionsplanungspro-zeß erfordert eine Operationalisierung des Flexibilitätsverständnisses. Zuvor sollten aber die Bezugsobjekte der Flexibilitätsbeschreibung charakterisiert werden. Es sind dies die Investitionsobjekte “Produktionsmittel” und das Produktionssystem als Gan­zes, in welches die Produktionsmittel integriert werden.
Tunable millimeter traveling-wave maser operation (1962)

PROTOTYPE SECTIONS of a low-noise-solid-state maser amplifier have been operated at signal frequencies up to 40 kMc. This Ka band maser, of the traveling-wave type, has an extremely large tuning range, incorporates ferrite isolators to obtain high gain stability, and use pump frequencies in the 75-kMc region.
고려 75도제의 성립과정에 관한 연구 (2015)

본 연구는 고려 성종 2년의 12목에서부터 현종 3년의 75도제 개편까지 있었던 도제의 개혁들을 분석하는 데 목적을 두었다. 성종은 광역적 통치기구인 12목을 두고 지방호족을 목으로 임명하여 향직을 정비하고 중앙의 영향력을 확대함으로써 10도제 개혁의 기반을 조성했다. 10도제의 특성은 절도사, 관찰사,방어사, 단련사 등이 군정을 담당하고, 민정은 분리하여 자사와 현령이 그리고 감찰, 조세 형옥 등은 전운사가 담당한 3원적 지방통치체제라고 할 수 있다. 10도제는 군정기관이 민정기관보다 숫자가 많아 군사 조직을 바탕으로 주민안집과 중앙집권화를 추진한 것이었다. 10도제의 절도사·자사·전운사 등 3원적 지방통치체제는 목종 8년에 지방관 도태를 통해 절도사와 전운사의 2원적 통치체제로 능률화 되었다. 10도제가 폐지된 현종 3년의 75도는 당시에 외관이 파견된 주읍들을 나타낸 것이며 안무사제도는 전후 복구와 민심수습을 위해 도입된 것이다. 고려의 안무사는 중국 송나라 초기의 안무사와 같이 중요한 지역의 지주사가 겸직했으며, 광역적인 군정·민정장관이었다. 75도의 개혁은 군사적 지방통치를 민정으로 전환한 것이나 과도적 지방통치의 공백이 아니다. 75도제는 대외적으로 국방을 강화시켜 국가의 안정을 추구하고 대내적으로는 민생안정을 위한 책임 정치를 구현하려는 개혁 의지를 표명한 것이다.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY, METHADONE THERAPY, AND THE COMBINATION METHOD ON REDUCING DEPRESSION IN ADDICTS (2014)

The aim of the present research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy, methadone therapy and combination therapy method on reducing depression in addicts. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with pretest -posttest and control group .The statistical population were all persons who referred to therapeutic centers of two cities of Tehran province in 2013 (1391c.s). The research sample included 40 subjects (male) who were selected by purposeful sampling and placed in the following four groups randomly: cognitive behavior therapy, methadone treatment, and combination therapy, but the control group did not receive any therapy. All participants were tested before and after twelve weeks treatment with the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 2000) and clinical interviews were done. The results of analysis of covariance showed that all three treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy, methadone therapy and combination method, as compared with the control group, were effective in improving depression (P<0.001). Also, results showed that there is not significant difference in the effectiveness of methadone therapy and combination method. Therefore, the two methods of therapy are effective on the rate of depression.
Mycotoxins and fungal damage in maize harvested during 1982 in Far North Queensland (1984)

A survey for mycotoxins and fungal damage in maize (Zea mays L.) grown during 1982 in Far North Queensland is reported. This season had a rainfall distribution which was typical for the region. The 293 samples examined came from 111 farms in eight maize-growing districts. The samples were first subjected to rapid screening tests for fungal damage. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and sterigmatocystin were not detected, but zearalenone was found in 85% of the samples. The concentrations of zearalenone were correlated with the extent of Gibberella zeae cob rot as indicated by the proportion (up to 2%) of kernels in each sample having a reddish-purple discoloration. In four samples the zearalenone concentration exceeded 1 mg kg-1, but the mean ¦ s.d. (n = 293) concentration in all samples was 0.17 ¦ 0.225 mg kg-1. Concentrations were highest in districts with the highest rainfall during the period of maize growth.
Optimization of thinned aperiodic linear phased arrays using genetic algorithms to reduce grating lobes during scanning (2002)

The scan volume of a thinned periodic linear phased array is proportional to the spacing between array elements. As the spacing between elements increases beyond a half wavelength, the scan range of the array will be significantly reduced due to the appearance of grating lobes. This paper investigates a method of creating thinned aperiodic linear phased arrays through the application of genetic algorithms that will suppress the grating lobes with increased steering angles. In addition, the genetic algorithm will place restrictions on the driving-point impedance of each element so that they are well behaved during scanning. A genetic algorithm approach is also introduced for the purpose of evolving an optimal set of matching networks. Finally, an efficient technique for evaluating the directivity of an aperiodic array of half-wave dipoles is developed for use in conjunction with genetic algorithms.
New Procedures for the Synthesis and Analysis of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(sulphophenyl)porphyrins and Derivatives through Chlorosulphonation (1996)

Tetrakisarylporphyrins are conveniently chlorosulphonated in high yields.These chlorosulphonyl compounds may he converted in high yield into sulphonic acid derivatives through reaction with a variety of nucleophiles so as to give, for example, the free sulphonic acid, a sulphonamide or a sulphonate ester.
HfO <sub>2</sub> on UV–O <sub>3</sub> exposed transition metal dichalcogenides: interfacial reactions study (2015)

The surface chemistry of MoS2, WSe2 and MoSe2 upon ultraviolet (UV)–O3 exposure was studied in situ by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Differences in reactivity of these transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) towards oxidation during UV–O3 were observed and correlated with density functional theory calculations. Also, sequential HfO2 depositions were performed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) while the interfacial reactions were monitored by XPS. It is found that the surface oxides generated on MoSe2 and WSe2 during UV–O3 exposure were reduced by the ALD process ('self-cleaning effect'). The effectiveness of the oxide reduction on these TMDs is discussed and correlated with the HfO2 film uniformity.
Lesion detectability considerations for an optically-coupled CCD X-ray imaging system (1994)

This project was aimed at investigating the lesion detectability of an optically-coupled CCD X-ray imaging system. The quasi-ideal observer signal-to-noise ratio (also called lesion-matched filter signal-to-noise ratio) was calculated for various clinical applications. This analysis differs from that of previous investigations in that the authors have analyzed jointly the effect of quantum noise and additive noise; they have also analyzed the combined effect of the contrast transfer property and the resolving power of the system. Numerical calculations were performed to determine lesion detectability and contrast-detail curves under mammographic and other clinical conditions. A standard mammographic phantom and a contrast detail phantom were imaged to validate the calculation. The results demonstrate that the lesion detectability of a well designed optically-coupled CCD can be comparable to that of the state-of-the-art screen-film system under the same conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Tumor Microenvironment Innately Modulates Cancer Progression (2019)

Cancer development and progression occurs in concert with alterations in the surrounding stroma. Cancer cells can functionally sculpt their microenvironment through the secretion of various cytokines, chemokines, and other factors. This results in a reprogramming of the surrounding cells, enabling them to play a determinative role in tumor survival and progression. Immune cells are important constituents of the tumor stroma and critically take part in this process. Growing evidence suggests that the innate immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and natural killer cells) as well as adaptive immune cells (T cells and B cells) contribute to tumor progression when present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cross-talk between cancer cells and the proximal immune cells ultimately results in an environment that fosters tumor growth and metastasis. Understanding the nature of this dialog will allow for improved therapeutics that simultaneously target multiple components of the TME, increasing the likelihood of favorable patient outcomes.
New Developments in Mobility and Orientation Aids for the Blind (1982)

An overview of both early and recent developments in artificial aids for blind orientation and mobility is presented. Most aids developed previously fall into the category of "mobility aids" intended to sense obstacles in or near the traveler's immediate path. The more global problem of absolute orientation and navigation has not been well addressed by researchers in electronic aids, but this situation is now changing. A new system for aiding blind orientation, described here, is now advancing beyond the experimental stage.
Digit Ordering Test: Clinical, Psychometric, and Experimental Evaluation of a Verbal Working Memory Test (2000)

Cooper, Sagar, Jordan, Harvey, and Sullivan (1991) proposed a Digit Ordering Test (DOT) for the assessment of verbal working memory: A series of seven digits has to be memorized and immediately recalled in ascending order. In several studies Cooper and co-workers showed selectively reduced DOT performance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We present results from three studies on the properties of this test. In study 1 we replicated the original findings and evaluated a new scoring method. Study 2 addressed the psychometric features of the DOT and provides normative data based on a total of 134 test protocols (PD: 18, other neurological patients: 60, healthy controls: 56). In study 3 we used an experimental modification of the test (DOT-EXP) to evaluate the effects of the presentation rate on serial recall and digit ordering performance. The standard presentation rate of seven digits in 5 s was confirmed as most sensitive for detection of verbal working memory deficits. Findings confirmed that the DOT addresses the manipulatory component of verbal working memory and conveniently detects respective deficits in clinical testing.
Reaction of nitriles with phosgene. II. Preparation of 6-chloro-2,5-disubstituted 4(3H)-pyrimidones (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of nitriles with phosgene. II. Preparation of 6-chloro-2,5-disubstituted 4(3H)-pyrimidonesShozo Yanagida, Masataka Ohoka, Mitsuo Okahara, and Saburo KomoriCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 10, 2972–2975Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01262a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01262a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts