gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>Infections and Diarrhea in a Cohort of Young Children in Guinea‐Bissau (2002)

In an effort to describe the natural history of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection and diarrhea, 200 children in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, were followed up from birth until up to age 2 years with weekly stool specimen collection, regardless of whether the children had diarrhea. ETEC isolates were tested for the presence of the porcine and human heat-stable toxins (STp and STh), the heat-labile toxin (LT), and 18 of 21 known colonization factors (CFs). The rate of primary infections increased substantially after age 3 or 6 months (depending on the type of ETEC causing the infection). The pathogenicity of STh-containing ETEC was substantially higher than that of STp-containing ETEC, and STp and STh were associated with separate sets of CFs. Small epidemics were observed, mainly caused by STh-containing ETEC. The difference in epidemic propensity, CF association, and pathogenicity suggests that STh- and STp-containing ETEC represent 2 different groups of human ETEC. Vaccines should primarily target STh-containing ETEC.
Polysaccharide purified from<i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>induced activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by the NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (2005)

Ganoderma lucidum, a fungus native to China, has been widely used to promote health and longevity in the Chinese. The polysaccharide component with a branched (1-->6)-beta-D-glucan moiety of G. lucidum (PS-G) has been reported to exert anti-tumor activity and activation of natural killer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of PS-G on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC). Treatment of DC with PS-G resulted in the enhanced cell-surface expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, CD40, CD54, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, as well as the enhanced production of interleukin (IL)-12p70, p40, and IL-10 and also IL-12p35, p40, and IL-10 mRNA expression, and the capacity for endocytosis was suppressed in DC. In addition, treatment of DC with PS-G resulted in enhanced T cell-stimulatory capacity and increased T cell secretion of interferon-gamma and IL-10. Neutralization with antibodies against Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 inhibited the PS-G-induced production of IL-12 p40 and IL-10, suggesting a vital role for TLR-4 in signaling DC upon incubation with PS-G. Further study showed that PS-G was able to augment inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB) kinase and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity and also IkappaB alpha and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Further, inhibition of NF-kappaB by helenalin and p38 MAPK by SB98059 prevented the effects of PS-G in the expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, CD40, CD54, and HLA-DR and production of IL-12p70, p40, and IL-10 in various degrees. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PS-G can effectively promote the activation and maturation of immature DC, suggesting that PS-G may possess a potential in regulating immune responses.
A Yeast Extract High in Bioactive Peptides has a Blood-Pressure Lowering Effect in Hypertensive Model (2005)

It was reported that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in increasing blood pressure. Recently, it was reported that several food hydrolysates have ACE inhibitory effects in the spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) model and mildly hypertensive subjects. Therefore, the anti-hypertensive effects of brewer's yeast BY-G were investigated, which contains many kinds of beneficial nutrients (vitamins, minerals, nucleic acids, glutathione, amino acids, etc.). The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-hypertensive effects of BY-G and its component peptides obtained by enzymatic treatment. The peptide fraction KRF814 was obtained by the hydrolysate of BY-G with alkaline protease and then treated with Amberlite XAD-2. The KRF814, which has an inhibitory effect on ACE in vitro, was obtained. BY-G and KRF814 were fed to male SHR and showed significantly anti-hypertensive effects. KRF814 contained alanyl-phenylalanine (AF) and glycyl-phenylalanine (GF), which significantly decreased systolic BP in the SHR model. The active ingredients of KRF814, AF, and GF had about 60% of the potency of the positive control, which was captopril. It is considered that intake of BY-G or its component peptides as a functional food stuff might be beneficial for improving BP in people with hypertension.
Interval Based Integer Ambiguity Resolution Using Multiple Antennas : Applied to airplane attitude determination (2011)

Finding the correct integers is the key to high precision range measurements. This has been an issue of investigation since the early 1980’s and many different techniques have been developed, none of them can guarantee to resolve the correct integers in 100% of the cases(Kim & Langley, 2000) though. This thesis focuses on a new approach for Integer Ambiguity Resolution (IAR), using a geometric approach and Interval Analysis (IA). The new method can guarantee that if all measurement errors are bounded by the interval bands the correct integers will always be found. Depending on the width of the interval bands though, there may be more than one solution. The research objective of the thesis is to determine if the Interval Based Integer Am-biguity Resolution (IBIAR) method can be used for accurate attitude determination with only one remaining (correct) solution. Earlier results using the Bounded integer ambiguity resolution using interval analysis (BOUNDS) algorithm (van Kampen, 2010) have shown that one solution can not be obtained for all epochs when applied to flight data from a Cessna Citation II research airplane equipped with three antennas. The analysis did not make use of two frequencies, comparing the baseline orientations and adding an extra antenna though. These aspects are added to the BOUNDS algorithm in order to potentially reduce the number of solutions. Further the effects of the noise on both the carrier phase measurements and baseline lengths are investigated. All simulations are done off line as no real flight data is available for the test configurations. The simulations are loosely based on the Cessna Citation II research airplane belonging to the Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR) and Delft University of Technology (DUT). For all simulations the correct solution is bounded by the noise levels, which means that the BOUNDS algorithm theoretically always finds the correct solution. Further it is assumed that there are no multipath effects, no restrictions on the attitude angles the airplane can fly with, that the antennas always have a clear view of the satellites and the cut off angle is zero degrees. The conclusion of the thesis is that the IBIAR method can be used for attitude determination where one (correct) solution remains but the accuracy of the solution is low. The thesis gives recommendations on how to improve the accuracy of the attitude angles.
Robotic enuleation for oocytes (2014)

Oocyte enucleation (OE) is a requisite step in animal clone. The traditional OE manipulation requires high professional skills and involves contaminations easily. To address these problems, a robotic enucleation process for oocytes is proposed using traditional micro-operation system. Using imaging processing and motion control, key procedures of OE process, such as global location of oocytes, target cell immobilization, cell-orientation adjustment, cell penetration, and nuclei removing, are realized automatically or robotically. Experimental results demonstrate: 1) this system is capable of performing oocyte enucleation at average speed of 82s/cell; 2) the success rate of totally-removing genetic materials using our method is up to 90%; 3) the development competence of the embryos operated by this method is comparable to those operated by manual operation.
Equilibrium decomposition pressures of the compounds Na<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>6</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>HfCl<sub>6</sub> (1981)

The chemical equilibria representing the reactions[Formula: see text]and[Formula: see text]were investigated by direct vapour pressure measurements and thermodynamic data such as free energies and enthalpies of reaction have been calculated.With reference to the separation of Hf from Zr by a recently developed process based on the selective reactivity of ZrCl 4 and HfCl 4 , vapours with alkali chlorides, it is shown that the efficiency of alkali chlorides as separating agents increases in the order of LiCl → NaCl → KCl.
Computational design of molecules for an all-quinone redox flow battery (2014)

Inspired by the electron transfer properties of quinones in biological systems, we recently showed that quinones are also very promising electroactive materials for stationary energy storage applications. Due to the practically infinite chemical space of organic molecules, the discovery of additional quinones or other redox-active organic molecules for energy storage applications is an open field of inquiry. Here, we introduce a high-throughput computational screening approach that we applied to an accelerated study of a total of 1710 quinone (Q) and hydroquinone (QH<sub>2</sub>) (<i>i.e.</i>, two-electron two-proton) redox couples. We identified the promising candidates for both the negative and positive sides of organic-based aqueous flow batteries, thus enabling an all-quinone battery. To further aid the development of additional interesting electroactive small molecules we also provide emerging quantitative structure-property relationships.
Herpesvirus DNA Is Consistently Detected in Lungs of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2003)

On the basis of earlier reports associating Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) with half of the cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we hypothesized that chronic infection with EBV or a closely related herpesvirus would be detected in all cases of IPF. We tested lung specimens from 33 IPF patients (8 patients with familial IPF and 25 patients with sporadic IPF) and 25 patients with other diseases as controls for the presence of eight herpesviruses using PCR-based techniques. One or more of four herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus [CMV], EBV, human herpesvirus 7 [HHV-7], and HHV-8) were detected in 32 of 33 (97%) subjects with IPF and in 9 of 25 (36%) controls (P < 0.0001). CMV, EBV, and HHV-8 were found more frequently in IPF patients than in controls (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, and P < 0.01 respectively). Two or more herpesviruses were detected in 19 of 33 (57%) IPF patients and in 2 of 25 (8%) controls (P < 0.001). Two or more herpesviruses and HHV-8 were found more frequently in patients with sporadic IPF than in patients with familial IPF (P < 0.05 for both comparisons), and CMV was found less frequently in patients with sporadic IPF than in patients with familial IPF (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry for EBV or HHV-8 antigen showed viral antigen primarily in airway epithelial cells. These data support the concept that a herpesvirus could be a source of chronic antigenic stimulation in IPF.
The acute effects of inhaled salbutamol on the beat‐to‐beat variability of heart rate and blood pressure assessed by spectral analysis (1997)

We conclude that the acute salbutamol inhalation decreases cardiovagal nervous responsiveness, increases sympathetic dominance in the cardiovascular autonomic balance, and has a tendency to decrease baroreflex sensitivity in addition to improved pulmonary function.
Sorter-Based Arithmetic Circuits for Sigma-Delta Domain Signal Processing—Part I: Addition, Approximate Transcendental Functions, and Log-Domain Operations (2012)

We construct arithmetic modules for signal processing with sigma-delta modulated signal form which has advantage in signal quality over other pulsed signal forms. In the first part of this paper, adders and exponential function modules are presented first and secondly. By utilizing the two modules, several transcendental functions including hyperbolic and logarithmic functions are constructed. The exponential functions and logarithmic functions provide log-domain arithmetic operations including multiplication, division, and power functions. Only two bit-manipulations, bit-permutation with sorting networks and bit-reversal with NOT gates, have built up all the arithmetic operations on any form of sigma-delta modulated signals. These modules, together with algebraic functions to be presented in the second part of this paper, organize an extensive module library for the sigma-delta domain signal processing.
Framework of Automated Construction-Safety Monitoring Using Cloud-Enabled BIM and BLE Mobile Tracking Sensors (2016)

Construction sites need to be monitored continuously to detect unsafe conditions and protect workers from potential injuries and fatal accidents. In current practices, construction-safety monitoring relies heavily on manual observation, which is labor-intensive and error-prone. Due to the complex environment of construction sites, it is extremely challenging for safety inspectors to continuously monitor and manually identify all incidents that may expose workers to safety risks. There exist many research efforts applying sensing technologies to construction sites to reduce the manual efforts associated with construction-safety monitoring. However, several bottlenecks are identified in applying these technologies to the onsite safety monitoring process, including (1) recognition and registration of potential hazards, (2) real-time detection of unsafe incidents, and (3) reporting and sharing of the detected incidents with relevant participants in a timely manner. The objective of this study was to create and evaluate a low-cost automated safety monitoring system to assist in the construction-safety monitoring process. This paper presents a framework for this safety monitoring system as a cloud-based real time on-site application. The system integrates Bluetooth low-energy (BLE)-based location detection technology, building information model (BIM)-based hazard identification, and a cloud-based communication platform. Potential unsafe areas are defined automatically or manually in a BIM model. Real-time worker locations are acquired to detect incidents where workers are exposed to predefined risks. Then, the safety monitoring results are instantly communicated over the cloud for effective safety management. Through a real-world construction site case study, the system successfully demonstrated the capability to detect unsafe conditions and collect and analyze the trajectories of workers with respect to potential safety hazards. The results indicate that the proposed approach can assist in the construction site monitoring process and potentially improve site safety.
AFM Observation of 90° Domains of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>Butterfly Crystals (1995)

We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the surface morphology of tetragonal barium titanate BaTiO 3 at room temperature. An undulation of the surface was observed around the boundary of 90° domains of the as-grown surface of the so-called butterfly crystals, which can be reasonably explained by the tetragonality of this crystal at room temperature.
Structural characterization of a hypothetical protein: a potential agent involved in trimethylamine metabolism in Catenulispora acidiphila (2014)

Catenulispora acidiphila is a newly identified lineage of actinomycetes that produces antimicrobial activities and represents a promising source of novel antibiotics and secondary metabolites. Among the discovered protein coding genes, 68 % were assigned a putative function, while the remaining 32 % are genes encoding "hypothetical" proteins. Caci_0382 is one of the "hypothetical" proteins that has very few homologs. Sequence analysis shows that the protein belongs to the NTF2-like protein family. The structure of Caci_0382 demonstrates that it shares the same fold and has a similar active site as limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase, which suggests that it may have a related function. Using a fluorescence thermal shift assay, we identified stabilizing compounds that suggest potential natural ligands of Caci_0382. Using this information, we determined the crystal structure in complex with trimethylamine to provide a better understanding of the function of this uncharacterized protein.
ICA domain filtering for reduction of noise in x-ray images (2006)

Radiological imaging such as x-ray CT is one of the most important tools for medical diagnostics. Since the radiological images are always with some quantum noise and the reduction of quantum noise or Poisson noise in medical images is an important issue. In this paper, we propose a new filtering based on independent component analysis (ICA) for reduction of noise. In the proposed filtering, the image (projection) is first transformed to ICA domain and then the components of scattered x-ray are removed by a soft thresholding (Shrinkage). The proposed method has been demonstrated by using both standard images and Monte Carlo simulations. Experimental results show that the quality of the image can be dramatically improved without any blurring in edge by the proposed filter
Research of Niching Genetic Algorithms for Optimization in Electromagnetics (2011)

Canonical genetic algorithms have the defects of pre-maturity and stagnation when applied in optimizing problems. In order to avoid the shortcomings, an adaptive niche hierarchy genetic algorithm(ANHGA) is proposed. The algorithm is based on the adaptive mutation operator and crossover operator that adjusts the crossover rate and frequency of mutation of each individual, and adopts the gradient of the individual to decide their mutation value. Traditional mathematical problems and an electromagnetic benchmark are solved using niching genetic algorithms to show their interest in real world optimization.
Controlling the Quality of Soldering of PTH Solder Joints (1985)

The efficiency of assembly of electronic components into PCBs relies on a large number of materials and processes being carefully specified and controlled. Improved production routes for PCBs and new soldering techniques frequently appear and yet, 40 years after the first PCBs and nearly 30 years since the advent of wave soldering, the perennial problems have not been eliminated and the industry is still beset with trial and error adjustments of process parameters. Scientific research at NPL has progressed towards an understanding of the basic causes of the 2 main problems of PCB soldering: outgassing and lack of solderability. Applying the scientific method, in direct collaboration with production line technology, the mechanisms of outgassing are now understood and test procedures for materials specifications are being developed. The work is at a stage where the PCB industry is heavily involved with controlled monitoring of the various stages of through‐hole‐plating and inter‐company round‐robin tests are in progress in order to confirm the transferability of laboratory tests to the industrial production line.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tetrakis(carbene)ruthenium(II) Complexes Featuring an [Ru(NHC)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> Core (2010)

Abstract The synthesis of different ruthenium(II) complexes with an [Ru(NHC) 4 ] 2+ (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene) core is reported. The reaction of [(η 6 ‐C 6 H 4 Me i Pr)RuCl(μ‐Cl)] 2 with 1 equiv. of the NHC i Pr 2 Im in thf leads to the clean formation of [(η 6 ‐C 6 H 4 Me i Pr)Ru( i Pr 2 Im)Cl 2 ] ( 1 ), but use of an excess of the carbene at higher temperatures affords side products such as [Ru( i Pr 2 Im) 4 H]Cl ( 9 ). Complexes of the type [Ru(R 2 Im) 4 Cl 2 ] [R = Me ( 2 ), n Pr ( 3 ), Me i Pr ( 6 )] were synthesized by the reaction of [Ru(PPh 3 ) 3 Cl 2 ] with Me 2 Im, n Pr 2 Im, and Me i PrIm. Compound 6 was isolated as a mixture of isomers that differ in the relative orientation of the asymmetrically substituted NHC ligand with respect to the Ru–Cl vector. Replacement of the chlorido ligands in 2 and 3 with acetonitrile leads to the formation of [Ru(R 2 Im) 4 (CH 3 CN)]Cl 2 [R = Me ( 4 ), n Pr ( 5 )]. At higher temperatures, complex 6 eliminates HCl under C–H activation of one of the NHC ligand i Pr groups to give the cyclometallation product 7 . The reaction of [Ru(PPh 3 ) 3 Cl 2 ] with i Pr 2 Im afforded the cyclometallation product [Ru( i Pr 2 Im) 3 { i Pr(C 3 H 6 )Im}Cl] ( 8 ) or the hydrido complex [Ru( i Pr 2 Im) 4 (H)]Cl ( 9 ) as the main product depending on the reaction conditions. The complexes 1 , 3 , 4 , and 7 as well as two isomers of 6 were structurally characterized.
A brief screening tool for knee pain in primary care. 1. Validity and reliability (2001)

The KNEST appears to be a reliable and valid composite tool for the study of population needs and outcomes of care for people aged over 55 yr with knee pain.
Progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with over-expression of TYK2 and p21Waf1/Cip1. (2006)

Our results confirm the feasibility of microarrays analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage, cells and are consistent with an involvement of p21Waf1/Cip1 and TYK2, two components of the Th1-inflammatory response pathway, in the progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. (2002)

Ingestion of ethylene glycol may be an important contributor in patients with metabolic acidosis of unknown cause and subsequent renal failure. Expeditious diagnosis and treatment will limit metabolic toxicity and decrease morbidity and mortality. Ethylene glycol poisoning should be suspected in an intoxicated patient with anion gap acidosis, hypocalcemia, urinary crystals, and nontoxic blood alcohol concentration. Fomepizole is a newer agent with a specific indication for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. Metabolic acidosis is resolved within three hours of initiating therapy. Initiation of fomepizole therapy before the serum creatinine concentration rises can minimize renal impairment. Compared with traditional ethanol treatment, advantages of fomepizole include lack of depression of the central nervous system and hypoglycemia, and easier maintenance of effective plasma levels.
A graph-based algorithm for inducing lexical taxonomies from scratch (2011)

In this paper we present a graph-based approach aimed at learning a lexical taxonomy automatically starting from a domain corpus and the Web. Unlike many taxonomy learning approaches in the literature, our novel algorithm learns both concepts and relations entirely from scratch via the automated extraction of terms, definitions and hypernyms. This results in a very dense, cyclic and possibly disconnected hypernym graph. The algorithm then induces a taxonomy from the graph. Our experiments show that we obtain high-quality results, both when building brand-new taxonomies and when reconstructing WordNet sub-hierarchies.
BOOK AND FILM REVIEWS: Highly Useful: Sound: From Communications to Noise Pollution (1971)

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