gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SMTp: an architecture for next-generation scalable multi-threading (2004)

We introduce the SMTp architecture - an SMT processor augmented with a coherence protocol thread context, that together with a standard integrated memory controller can enable the design of (among other possibilities) scalable cache-coherent hardware distributed shared memory (DSM) machines from commodity nodes. We describe the minor changes needed to a conventional out-of-order multi-threaded core to realize SMTp, discussing issues related to both deadlock avoidance and performance. We then compare SMTp performance to that of various conventional DSM machines with normal SMT processors both with and without integrated memory controllers. On configurations from 1 to 32 nodes, with 1 to 4 application threads per node, we find that SMTp delivers performance comparable to, and sometimes better than, machines with more complex integrated DSM-specific memory controllers. Our results also show that the protocol thread has extremely low pipeline overhead. Given the simplicity and the flexibility of the SMTp mechanism, we argue that next-generation multi-threaded processors with integrated memory controllers should adopt this mechanism as a way of building less complex high-performance DSM multiprocessors.
Invariant Geometric Evolutions of Surfaces and Volumetric Smoothing (1997)

The study of geometric flows for smoothing, multiscale representation, and analysis of two- and three-dimensional objects has received much attention in the past few years. In this paper, we first survey the geometric smoothing of curves and surfaces via geometric heat-type flows, which are invariant under the groups of Euclidean and affine motions. Second, using the general theory of differential invariants, we determine the general formula for a geometric hypersurface evolution which is invariant under a prescribed symmetry group. As an application, we present the simplest affine invariant flow for (convex) surfaces in three-dimensional space, which, like the affine-invariant curve shortening flow, will be of fundamental importance in the processing of three-dimensional images.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Cryopreservation Promote DNA Fragmentation in Equine Spermatozoa (2003)

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cryopreservation on DNA fragmentation of equine spermatozoa. In experiment 1, equine spermatozoa were incubated (1 hour, 38 degrees C) according to the following treatments: 1) sperm alone; 2) sperm + xanthine (X, 0.3 mM)-xanthine oxidase (XO, 0.025 U/mL); 3) sperm + X (0.6 mM)-XO (0.05 U/mL); and 4) sperm + X (1 mM)-XO (0.1 U/mL). In experiment 2, spermatozoa were incubated (1 hour, 38 degrees C) with X (1 mM)-XO (0.1 U/mL) and either catalase (200 U/mL), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 200 U/mL), or reduced glutathione (GSH, 10 mM). Following incubation, DNA fragmentation was determined by the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. In experiment 3, equine spermatozoa were cryopreserved, and DNA fragmentation was determined in fresh, processed, and postthaw sperm samples. In experiment 1, incubation of equine spermatozoa in the presence of ROS, generated by the X-XO system, increased DNA fragmentation (P <.005). In Experiment 2, the increase in DNA fragmentation associated with X-XO treatment was counteracted by the addition of catalase and GSH but not by SOD, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide and not superoxide appears to be the ROS responsible for such damage. In experiment 3, cryopreservation of equine spermatozoa was associated with an increase (P <.01) in DNA fragmentation when compared with fresh or processed samples. This study indicates that ROS and cryopreservation promote DNA fragmentation in equine spermatozoa; the involvement of ROS in cryopreservation-induced DNA damage remains to be determined.
The Rabbit Study: Ritonavir and Saquinavir in Combination in Saquinavir-Experienced and Previously Untreated Patients (1999)

Thirteen protease inhibitor-naive patients with HIV-1 infection, and 12 patients with a median of 58 months prior treatment with saquinavir (SQV) monotherapy, were treated with SQV (400 mg twice daily) and ritonavir (RIT, 500 mg twice daily) in a study designed to assess the effect of prior treatment with SQV monotherapy on the antiretroviral activity of RIT-SQV combination therapy. Median baseline viral load and CD4+ cell counts were 155,000 and 262,000 copies/ml and 333 and 225 cells/mm3 in the naive and experienced groups, respectively. Mean viral load changes at 24 weeks were -1.63 and -0.27 log copies/ml in the naive and SQV-experienced groups, respectively (intent-to-treat analysis). Baseline genotype by point mutation assay and sequencing in the SQV-experienced group was highly predictive of virological response. Eight of 11 SQV-experienced patients had evidence of phenotypic resistance to RIT at baseline, despite previous treatment with SQV only. There was strong correlation between phenotypic resistance to RIT and the presence of the L90M mutation. We conclude that prolonged prior treatment with saquinavir monotherapy may produce cross-resistance to ritonavir and reduce the subsequent response to ritonavir-saquinavir in combination. In this study, both phenotypic resistance to ritonavir and presence of the L90M mutation predicted the viral load response to ritonavir-saquinavir.
The Preparation of Some Nitrogenous Derivatives of Conidendrin (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Some Nitrogenous Derivatives of ConidendrinJohn Swidinsky, Freeman H. McMillan, and John A. KingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 4, 1148–1151Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01633a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01633a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determination of right atrial and right ventricular size by two-dimensional echocardiography. (1979)

No data are available on determining right atrial and right ventricular size by two-dimensional echocardiography. We performed two-dimensional echocardiograms on eight human right-heart casts obtained at autopsy and on 50 patients who underwent complete left- and right-heart catheterization. Measurement of individual dimensions of the long and short axes of the right atrium and ventricle from right heart casts closely correlated with the volume of these structures as determined by water displacement. Further, individual dimensions by cross-sectional echo correlated well with actual casts dimensions. Subsequently, echocardiographic measurements of right atrial and ventricular long and short axes were obtained in the apical four-chambered view in a group of normals and compared with a group of patients with right ventricular volume overload states. Mean values for right atrial short-axis and long-axis measurements were greater in right ventricular volume overload patients than in normals: 6.5 +/- 0.3 vs 3.6 +/- 0.1 cm, and 6.0 +/- 0.3 vs 4.2 +/- 0.1 cm, respectively (both p less than 0.001). In addition, measurements of both individual dimensions as well as planed area of the right ventricle were greater in right ventricular volume overload patients than in normals: maximal short axis 6.1 +/- 0.3 vs 3.5 +/- 0.2 cm, mid-short axis 6.1 %/- 0.4 vs 2.8 +/- 0.2 cm, and area 40 +/- 2.6 vs 18 +/- 1.2 cm2 (all p less than 0.001). There were no differences in right ventricular long-axis measurement. Two-dimensional echocardiography provided better separation of normals from right ventricular volume overload patients than did M-mode techniques. Thus, two-dimensional echocardiography, with the apical four-chambered view, enables accurate visualization of the right atrium and ventricle in almost all patients. Futher, measurements of right atrial and right ventricular size by two-dimensional echocardiography readily distinguish normal patients from those with right ventricular volume overload.
Parameter Estimation Of Conics: Application To Handwritten Digits (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Hydrogen production by photosynthetic water splitting (1996)

Contrary to the prediction of the {open_quotes}Z-scheme{close_quotes} model of photosynthesis, experiments demonstrated that mutants of Chlamydomonas containing Photosystem II (PSII) but lacking Photosystem I (PSI), can grow photoautotrophically with O{sub 2} evolution and using atmospheric CO{sub 2} as the sole carbon source. Autotrophic photosynthesis by PSI-deficient mutants was stable both under anaerobic conditions and in air (21% O{sub 2}) at an actinic intensity of 200 {mu}E/m{sup -2}{sup {sm_bullet}}s. This {open_quotes}PSII photosynthesis,{close_quotes} sufficient to support cell development and mobility, may also occur in wild-type green algae and higher plants. The mutants can survive under 2000 {mu}E{sup {sm_bullet}}m{sup -2}{sup {sm_bullet}}s{sup -1} with air, although they have less resistance to photoinhibition.
Underwater acoustic communications (2002)

In recent years, underwater acoustic (UWA) communications have received much attention as their applications are beginning to shift from military towards commercial. UWA communications are made difficult by the combined effect of multipath propagation and high temporal and spatial variability of the channel conditions. Until recently, the design of communication systems has mostly relied on the use of noncoherent modulation techniques. However, to achieve high data rates on the severely bandlimited UWA channels, bandwidth-efficient modulation techniques must be considered, together with array processing for exploitation of spatial multipath diversity. The new generation of underwater communication systems employing phase-coherent modulation techniques will achieve at least a ten fold increase in data throughput. The communication scenario in which the modern UWA systems will operate is that of an underwater network consisting of stationary and mobile nodes. Current research focuses on the development of efficient signal processing algorithms, multiuser communications in the presence of interference, and design of efficient modulation and coding schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lipophilic glycosyl phosphotriester derivatives of AZT: synthesis, NMR transmembrane transport study and antiviral activity (1991)

Phosphate derivatives of AZT esterified with a carbohydrate (D-glucose, D-mannose, and ethyl D-mannopyranoside) and a hexadecyl chain were prepared from glucose 6-phosphate and D-mannose precursors. The 31P NMR study of the mannosyl phosphotriester series in the presence of large unilamellar vesicles demonstrated either an interaction with the external lipid layer or a transmembrane transport into the intravesicular interface. The antiviral activity, measured by the inhibition of cytopathogenicity on different infected cells and of reverse transcriptase activity in the supernatant of cultures, appeared to be comparable to that of AZT, in the micromolar range.
Mechanism of Li inhibition of vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in cultured renal epithelial cells (1988)

We investigated the mechanism for lithium-induced inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated adensoine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production in the renal epithelial cell line LLC-PK1. In LLC-PK1 membranes lithium caused direct inhibition of hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by competing with magnesium. Fifty percent inhibition occurred at 20 mM lithium. The maximum transport activity (Vmax) but not the activation constant (Ka) for activation by vasopressin was altered. Activation by GTP and its nonhydrolyzable analogues was also inhibited by lithium. Furthermore, kinetic studies revealed that the lag phase in the activation of adenylate cyclase by 5'-guanylimi-dotriphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] was prolonged from 1 to 3 min, suggesting an effect of lithium on magnesium-dependent activation of the stimulatory GTP binding protein Gs. The function of the corresponding inhibitory GTP-binding protein Gi, as assessed by GTP inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the presence and absence of pertussis toxin pretreatment, was unaffected. Intact LLC-PK1 cells incubated in 10 mM lithium (approximate urinary concentration in lithium-treated patients) attained an intracellular lithium concentration of 17 mM, which led to a 40% reduction in cAMP formation. Magnesium loading of intact cells with the ionophore A23187 reversed the inhibitory effect of lithium. It is concluded that lithium directly inhibits the activation of vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in renal epithelia by competing with magnesium for activation of Gs. This direct effect on Gs activation accounts for the inhibitory effect of lithium on cAMP production in the intact cell.
Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 20 Cb in Sulfuric Acid (1965)

The periodic “high rate-low rate” phenomenon observed while testing stainless steels in sulfuric acid is described and an explanation of this phenomenon on Alloy 20 Cb related to alloying constituents and other variables given. Methods of making reproducible polarization curves with stainless steels exposed to sulfuric acid are described and reactions and rates of several materials compared in various concentrations. Importance of technique in making meaningful polarization curves is emphasized. A simple apparatus for determining passivation behavior is described and illustrated. Effect of heat transfer on Carpenter 20 Cb is discussed and corrosion rates in various concentrations of acid at several temperatures given. Effect of impurities in acid mixtures is discussed.
Overcharge Performance of 3,7-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-<i>N</i>-ethylphenothiazine at High Concentration in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2015)

Extensive overcharge protection via redox shuttling in lithium-ion batteries has been limited by the solubility of stable electrolyte additives. Only a few stable compounds dissolve at concentrations above 0.1 M in carbonate-based electrolytes. Here we report the performance of the highly soluble redox shuttle 3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-N-ethylphenothiazine at concentrations as high as 1.0 M. The compound enables overcharge protection for hundreds of hours at rates as high as 1C, and even at 1.0 M, normal battery function is not affected by the presence of the redox shuttle at low charging rates. The results on these performance metrics constitute the best yet observed for LiFePO4 cathodes.
Prevention of free fatty acid–induced hepatic lipotoxicity by 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid through lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways (2008)

GA significantly reduced FFA/HFD-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by stabilizing the integrity of lysosomes and mitochondria and inhibiting cathepsin B expression and enzyme activity.
Antibacterial Activities of Amidinohydrazones. III. Antibacterial Activities of Alkoxybenzaldehyde and Cinnamaldehyde Amidinohydrazones (1973)

The relationship between the chemical structure and antibacterial activity of amidino-hydrazones of alkoxybenzaldehydes and alkoqcinnamaldehydes was studied. Although there were a few exception, o-alkoxybenzaldehyde amidinohydrazones showed maximum antibacterial activity with a carbon number of 10, m- or p-alkoxybenzaldehyde amidino-hydrazones with a carbon number of 6 and p-alkoxycinnamaldehyde amidinohydrazones with a carbon number of 5. Antibacterial potency of alkoxybenzaldehyde unsubstituted amidinohydrazones fell in the order of para, meta and ortho. Substitution of -NH2 with [chemical formula] of amidino moiety in o-alkoxybenzaldehyde amidinohydrazones increased the antibacterial potency against gram-positive bacteria and fungi.
Elusive Role of the CD94/NKG2C NK Cell Receptor in the Response to Cytomegalovirus: Novel Experimental Observations in a Reporter Cell System (2017)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection promotes the differentiation and persistent expansion of a mature NK cell subset, which displays high surface levels of the activating CD94/NKG2C NK cell receptor, together with additional distinctive phenotypic and functional features. The mechanisms underlying the development of adaptive NK cells remain uncertain but some observations support the involvement of a cognate interaction of CD94/NKG2C with ligand(s) displayed by HCMV-infected cells. To approach this issue, the heterodimer and its adaptor (DAP12) were expressed in the human Jurkat leukemia T cell line; signaling was detected by transfection of a reporter plasmid encoding for Luciferase (Luc) under NFAT/AP1-dependent control. Engagement of the receptor by solid-phase bound CD94- or NKG2C-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) triggered Luc expression. Moreover, reporter activation was detectable upon interaction with HLA-E+ 721.221 (.221-AEH) cells, as well as with 721.221 cells incubated with synthetic peptides, which stabilized surface expression of endogenous HLA-E; the response was specifically antagonized by soluble NKG2C- and HLA-E-specific mAbs. By contrast, activation of Jurkat-NKG2C+ was undetectable upon interaction with Human Fetal Foreskin Fibroblasts (HFFF) infected with HCMV laboratory strains (i.e., AD169, Towne), regardless of their differential ability to preserve surface HLA-E expression. On the other hand, infection with two clinical isolates or with the endotheliotropic TB40/E strain triggered Jurkat-NKG2C+ activation; yet, this response was not inhibited by blocking mAbs and was independent of CD94/NKG2C expression. The results are discussed in the framework of previous observations supporting the hypothetical existence of specific ligand(s) for CD94/NKG2C in HCMV-infected cells.
True's Beaked Whale in Nova Scotia (1939)

Journal Article True's Beaked Whale in Nova Scotia Get access Glover M. Allen Glover M. Allen Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, Cambridge, Mass. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 20, Issue 2, 14 May 1939, Pages 259–260, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/20.2.259a Published: 14 May 1939
Performance-driven constructive placement (1990)

A new approach to the performance-driven placement based on a window concept is presented. We first convert timing constraints to geometric shapes using the defined windows. A window represents a region in which all the modules along a given path can be placed without degrading the circuit performance. Then a constructive placement process uses the window information to select an unplaced module, and to find an appropriate position for the module. This approach represents a unified way to consider both timing and geometric constraints during the placement process. The experimental results show that the improvement of circuit performance can be achieved by the sufficient use of the window information.
Laboratories for data communications and computer networks (2002)

In this paper we describe a hands-on laboratory oriented instructional package that we have developed for data communications and networking. The package consists of a software tool, together with instructional material for a laboratory based networking curriculum. The software is based on a simulation environment that enables the student to experiment with various networking protocols, on an easy to use graphical user interface (GUI). Data message flows, packet losses, control/routing message flows, virtual circuit setups, link failures, bit errors etc., are some of the features that can be visualized in this environment. The student can also modify the networking components provided, as well as add new components using the C programming language. The instructional material consists of a set of laboratory exercises for flow and error control (HDLC), IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD protocol, the token ring protocol, interconnecting LANs via bridges, TCP congestion avoidance and control, IP fragmentation and reassembly, ATM PNNI routing and ATM policing. The laboratory exercises have facilitated the development of a networking curriculum based on both the traditional computer networking principles, as well as the new technologies in telecommunication networking. The laboratory environment has been used in the networking curriculum at the Ohio State University, and is being piloted at other universities. The entire package is freely available over the Internet.
[Diagnosis and treatment of adrenal cysts]. (1987)

The authors have analyzed literature data of 303 cases of adrenal cysts and describe their two cases (both patients were operated on with good results). Problems of diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease are discussed.
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductor lasers butt-coupled to optical fibers (1988)

The authors have theoretically and experimentally examined the electrical noise properties of a semiconductor laser coupled to a single-mode fiber with a plane endface. It is found that the performance of semiconductor lasers butt-coupled to optical fibers critically depends on the axial position of the fiber. Measurements show that the influence of the fiber may change the output power as much as +or-40% and the modulation bandwidth, determined by the relaxation frequency by as much as +or-35% (for a bias 15% above the solitary threshold). Moreover, the pulse response and the longitudinal mode spectrum deteriorate if the laser-to-fiber distance departs from its optimal value. The authors propose a nonoptical scheme for maintaining the optimal laser-to-fiber distance so as to avoid these degrading effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>