gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel activity for a group of sesquiterpene lactones: inhibition of aromatase (1997)

A group of eleven sesquiterpene lactones isolated from different Asteraceae species from north‐western Argentina were investigated for their inhibitory action on the estrogen biosynthesis. Seven of them, of different skeleton types, were found to inhibit the aromatase enzyme activity in human placental microsomes, showing IC 50 values ranging from 7 to 110 μM. The most active were the guaianolides 10‐epi‐8‐deoxycumambrin B (compound 1), dehydroleucodin (compound 2) and ludartin (compound 3). These compounds were competitive inhibitors with an apparent K i =4 μM, K i =21 μM and K i =23 μM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 acted as type II ligands to the heme iron present in the active site of aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom). Besides, all of them failed to affect the cholesterol side‐chain cleavage enzyme activity on human placental mitochondrias. This is the first report on the aromatase inhibitory activity of this group of natural compounds.
Positive and Negative Predictive Values: Use of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Serologic Markers (2006)

Austin, Gregory L. M.D., M.P.H; Shaheen, Nicholas J. M.D., M.P.H; Sandler, Robert S. M.D., M.P.H Author Information
CRYSTALLINE DESOXYRIBONUCLEASE (1950)

A study was made of the enzymatic properties of crystalline desoxyribonuclease. The general effect of the crystalline enzyme on its specific substrate, thymus nucleic acid, was found to be essentially the same as described by previous workers for the digestive action of crude preparations of the enzyme. The digestive action consists mainly in splitting thymus nucleic acid into fragments approaching the size of tetranucleotides. The digested nucleic acid is diffusible through collodion or cellophane membranes and is non-precipitable with strong acid, alcohol, or proteins. The digestion of thymus nucleic acid by desoxyribonuclease is accompanied by the liberation of one atom equivalent of free acid per four atoms of nucleic acid phosphorus. Crystalline desoxyribonuclease acts very slowly, if at all, in the absence of magnesium (or manganese) ions. The optimal concentration of magnesium ion required increases with the increase in concentration of the substrate but is independent of the enzyme concentration. The optimal pH range for the action of crystalline desoxyribonuclease is 6.0 to 7.0. A study was made of the kinetics of the digestion of thymus nucleic acid as manifested mainly by the gradual formation of acid-soluble split products. At low concentrations of nucleic acid, the process approximates closely a reaction of the first order, the unimolecular constant being independent of the concentration of desoxyribonuclease in the digestion mixture. At relatively higher concentrations of substrate, however, the initial rate of reaction decreases rapidly with the increase in concentration of substrate, and the reaction as a whole is represented by non-symmetric S-shaped curves apparently too complicated for a simple rational interpretation.
A Transient Test System for Single Cylinder Research Engines With Real Time Simulation of Multi-Cylinder Crankshaft and Intake Manifold Dynamics (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new high-bandwidth transient test system is being developed that allows a single cylinder research engine to be tested under conditions nearly identical to those experienced by individual cylinders of a multi-cylinder engine. The system consists of two unique test components: a high bandwidth transient hydrostatic dynamometer capable of simulating the combustion and rotational dynamics of a multi-cylinder engine, and an air intake simulator that pulls air from the intake manifold plenum to simulate air induction characteristics of the multi-cylinder engine. The system makes it possible to evaluate preliminary engine control strategies and perform more detailed hardware development early in a development program when representative multi-cylinder engines may not be available. This reduces engine development time and allows the transition to multi-cylinder engine hardware to proceed with fewer design changes and less cost.</div>
Effect of negative substrate bias on the film structure and magnetic properties in sputter-deposited Co–Cr films (1987)

Film structure and magnetic properties are investigated in Co–Cr films sputter deposited with an applied substrate bias voltage. Large grains with c-axis orientation are found at negative bias between 40 and 75 V. Coercivity decreases remarkably in these films. These changes in film structure and magnetic properties by applying low bias originate from the moderate bombardment by Ar ions under low oxygen contamination as well as little Ar incorporation. With further increase of negative bias, saturation magnetization decreases to the bulk value and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy decreases to zero, because violent ion bombardment yields complete solid solution of Co and Cr. Temperature dependence of saturation magnetization in zero bias Co–Cr films with perpendicular magnetization reveals a compositional inhomogeneity in which concentration of Cr distributes between 10 and 30 at. %. The compositional inhomogeneity is eliminated by the substrate bias.
One-Pot Reductive Mono-<i>N</i>-alkylation of Aniline and Nitroarene Derivatives Using Aldehydes (2007)

One-pot reductive mono-N-alkylation of aniline and nitroarene derivatives using various aldehydes by Pd/C catalyst in aqueous 2-propanol solvent with ammonium formate as in situ hydrogen donor is illustrated. The reaction proceeded smoothly and selectively with excellent yield at room temperature. Our protocol presents a facile, economical, and environmentally benign alternative for reductive amination.
Effect of some white wine phenols in preventing inflammatory cytokine release. (2002)

Some well-known antioxidant phenols present in extravirgin olive oil have also been found in white wine. Both tyrosol and caffeic acid are phenols that are present not only in extravirgin olive oil, but also in wine, especially white wine. Their antioxidant properties are well known, but their biological effects have not yet been elucidated. In a previous study we found that these substances were able to inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha release. The present study was carried out to assess whether these compounds are able to inhibit other inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6. The results show that low concentrations of these phenols, which can be found in the bloodstream after intake of moderate quantities of white wine, exert significant inhibitory activity on the release of several inflammatory cytokines.
ENGRAFTMENT FOLLOWING T-CELL-DEPLETED MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (1987)

These experiments describe a murine model for survival and engraftment of bone marrow transplantation across differing histocompatibility barriers. Anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement-treated C57BL/6 (B6) marrow was transplanted at varying cell dose levels into syngeneic (B6), major histocompatibility complex congenic (A.BY), semiallogeneic (B6AF1), and fully allogeneic (A/J) recipients. Survival was monitored and engraftment determined by hemoglobin and lymphocyte phenotype. Survival was cell-dose dependent and was equivalent in B6, A.BY, and B6AF1 recipients. Survival was poor in allogeneic A/J recipients due to bone marrow failure even at high marrow dose levels. Survival posttransplant did not always correlate with stable donor engraftment, and competitive host marrow repopulation was frequently seen in B6AF1 recipients but rarely in A.BY recipients. This repopulation could be prevented by transplanting a larger marrow dose.
Photolysis of benzoyl cyanide in solution (1975)

Cyano- and benzoyl radicals, photolytically generated from benzoyl cyanide, afford hydrogen cyanide, cyclohexyl cyanide, and nine minor products in cyclohexane; benzonitrile, benzophenone, and biphenyl in benzene; and benzonitrile and chlorobenzene in carbon tetrachloride.
Natural Compounds as Regulators of the Cancer Cell Metabolism (2013)

Even though altered metabolism is an "old" physiological mechanism, only recently its targeting became a therapeutically interesting strategy and by now it is considered an emerging hallmark of cancer. Nevertheless, a very poor number of compounds are under investigation as potential modulators of cell metabolism. Candidate agents should display selectivity of action towards cancer cells without side effects. This ideal favorable profile would perfectly overlap the requisites of new anticancer therapies and chemopreventive strategies as well. Nature represents a still largely unexplored source of bioactive molecules with a therapeutic potential. Many of these compounds have already been characterized for their multiple anticancer activities. Many of them are absorbed with the diet and therefore possess a known profile in terms of tolerability and bioavailability compared to newly synthetized chemical compounds. The discovery of important cross-talks between mediators of the most therapeutically targeted aberrancies in cancer (i.e., cell proliferation, survival, and migration) and the metabolic machinery allows to predict the possibility that many anticancer activities ascribed to a number of natural compounds may be due, in part, to their ability of modulating metabolic pathways. In this review, we attempt an overview of what is currently known about the potential of natural compounds as modulators of cancer cell metabolism.
Amphetamine and its analogs : psychopharmacology, toxicology, and abuse (1994)

History of use and abuse, A.K. Cho and D.S. Segal, chemistry and SAR, D.E. Nichols, metabolism of amphetamine and its derivatives, A.K. Cho and Y. Kumagai neuropsychopharmacology - neurochemistry of amphetamine, R. Kuczenski and D.S. Segal, behavioral pharmacology of amphetamine, D.S. Segal and R. Kuczenski, neurochemistry of ring-substituted amphetamines, C.J. Schmidt, behavioral pharmacology of ring-substituted amphetamine, M.A. Geyer and C.W. Calloway, neurochemistry of halogenated amphetamines, R.W. Fuller and M.G. Henderson, mechanisms of abuse, A. McGregor and D.C.S. Roberts, neurochemical mechanisms of toxicity, J.W. Gibb et al, neurotoxicity of amphetamine and its analogs, L. Seiden et al, structural features of amphetamine neurotoxicity in the brain, K.J. Axt et al use of abuse - use of abuse of ring-substituted amphetamine - clinical characteristics, G.A. Ricaurte and U.D. McCann, amphetamine psychosis, B. Angrist, use and abuse of amphetamines in Japan, K. Konuma epidemiology - the epidemiology of amphetamines in the U.S., M. Miller and A.L. Hughes, the epidemiology of amphetamines in Japan, S. Fukui, present and future problems, C.R. Schuster and C.R. Hartel.
Two Parabolic Reflector Underwater Transducers (1947)

A line source underwater transducer may be used in conjunction with a parabolic cylinder reflector to produce a highly directive sound ray similar to that obtained from a shaded plane source. Poor patterns result from the construction of a unit where the element is at the focus of a parabolic cylinder reflector because the finite size of the element is so great as to block a large proportion of the reflected sound rays. To circumvent this difficulty an ideal surface is derived which will allow placing the line source out of the direct path of the reflected rays. This derivation and the construction and acoustic characteristic of the consequent transducer are discussed.
Is Surgical Thrombectomy to Salvage Failed Autogenous Arteriovenous Fistulae Worthwhile? (2006)

The Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiatives guidelines emphasize placement of autogenous arteriovenous (AV) fistulae for patients on hemodialysis. This recommendation is based on studies that demonstrate enhanced patency for AV fistulae compared with grafts. However, closer review of the data demonstrates that although primary patency of AV fistulae is superior to grafts, the secondary patency rates are equivalent. This suggests that secondary procedures to maintain fistula patency are inferior to those performed on arteriovenous grafts. Surgical thrombectomy of AV fistulae can be challenging. It is often difficult to completely remove thrombus adjacent to the anastomosis of the fistula, and pseudoaneurysms within the fistula can prevent passage of the thrombectomy catheter and complete removal of thrombus from the fistula. Consequently, some surgeons simply abandon thrombosed AV fistulae and place a new access. We have developed a method for completely clearing thrombus from failed AV fistulae by locating the fistulotomy close to the arterial anastomosis and using a technique to manually extract thrombus from the fistula before passing a thrombectomy catheter. The purpose of this study was to review our results with this procedure. Between 2001 and 2004, 10 patients with a previously functioning AV fistula presented with thrombosis. There were seven brachiocephalic fistulae and three radiocephalic fistulae. All patients underwent surgical thrombectomy and fistulography. Five patients underwent balloon angioplasty of a venous stenosis and one patient underwent surgical revision of an arterial stenosis. Technical success, defined as being able to completely clear thrombus from the fistula and treat the cause for fistula failure, was achieved in 70 per cent (7/10) of cases. Technical failure was caused by vein rupture during the balloon angioplasty in two cases and a central venous occlusion that could not be treated in one case. The 6-month primary and secondary patency for cases that were technically successful was 51 and 69 per cent, respectively. Our conclusion was that surgical thrombectomy can significantly extend fistula functionality in patients who present with thrombosis.
The SABRE gene is required for normal cell expansion in Arabidopsis. (1995)

Regulated cell expansion is an important determinant of organ shape in higher plants. The sabre mutation results in abnormal cell expansion in Arabidopsis. There is a shift in the orientation of expansion evident primarily in root cortex cells. The SABRE gene has been cloned and found to encode a novel protein. Reduction of effective levels of the plant phytohormone ethylene through use of inhibitors and an insensitive mutant resulted in partial rescue of the sabre phenotype. This suggested that one of the roles of SABRE is to counter the action of ethylene in promoting radial expansion in plant cells.
Innovative use of DSP technology in space: FORTE event classifier (1994)

The Fast On-Orbit Recording of Transient Events (FORTE) small satellite will field a digital signal processor (DSP) experiment for the purpose of classifying radio-frequency (rf) transient signals propagating through the earth`s ionosphere. Designated the Event Classifier experiment, this DSP experiment uses a single Texas Instruments` SMJ320C30 DSP to execute preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification algorithms on down-converted, digitized, and buffered rf transient signals in the frequency range of 30 to 300 MHz. A radiation-hardened microcontroller monitors DSP- abnormalities and supervises spacecraft command communications. On- orbit evaluation of multiple algorithms is supported by the Event Classifier architecture. Ground-based commands determine the subset and sequence of algorithms executed to classify a captured time series. Conventional neural network classification algorithms will be some of the classification techniques implemented on-board FORTE while in a low-earth orbit. Results of all experiments, after being stored in DSP flash memory, will be transmitted through the spacecraft to ground stations. The Event Classifier is a versatile and fault-tolerant experiment that is an important new space-based application of DSP technology.
Aspect mining in the presence of the C preprocessor (2008)

In systems software, the C preprocessor is heavily used to man-age variability and improve efficiency. It is the primary tool to model crosscutting concerns in a very fine-grained way, but leads to extremely tangled and scattered preprocessor code. In this pa-per, we explore the process of aspect mining and extraction in the context of preprocessor-driven systems. Our aim is to identify both opportunities (extracting conditional compilation into advice) and pitfalls (mining on unpreprocessed code) in migrating preprocessor code to aspects. We distill five trade-offs which give a first impres-sion about the usefulness of replacing the preprocessor by aspects. Preprocessor-driven systems prove to be a real challenge for aspect mining, but they could become on the other hand one of the most promising applications of AOP. 1.
A novel time-frequency method for the simulation of the steady state of circuits driven by multi-tone signals (2002)

In this paper we introduce a novel algorithm for efficient computing of the steady state of circuits driven by multi-tone excitation. The efficiency is the result of combining finite difference and the harmonic balance techniques. Unlike existing techniques the algorithm shown here is based on reformulating the underlying system of ordinary DAEs by a system of partial DAEs. The steady state leads to simple boundary conditions for these partial DAEs.
Selection of appropriate reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge using transcriptome datasets under abiotic stress treatments (2015)

The study provided appropriate reference genes for accurate normalization in qRT-PCR analysis in O. ochrocephala and emphasized the importance of validating reference genes for gene expression analysis under specific experimental condition. The usage of inappropriate reference gene would cause misinterpretation.
Building and Sustaining a Campus‐Wide Multicultural Initiative (2013)

This chapter summarizes the implementation of a campus‐wide multicultural initiative at a large public Midwestern university, exploring strategies, challenges, and lessons learned.
Electronic States on a Twin Boundary of a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">d</mml:mi></mml:math>-Wave Superconductor (1997)

We show that an induced $s$-wave harmonic in the superconducting gap of an orthorhombic ${d}_{{x}^{2}{\ensuremath{-}y}^{2}}$ superconductor strongly affects the excitation spectrum near a twinning plane. In particular, it yields bound states of zero energy with areal density proportional to the relative weight of the $s$-wave component. An unusual scattering process responsible for the thermal conductivity across the twin boundary at low temperatures is also identified.
ERX: a data model for collections of XML documents (2003)

XML (eXtensible Mark-up Language) is able to represent any kind of structured or semi-structured document, such as papers, Web pages, database schemas and instances, style sheets, etc. However, the tree structure of XML documents, induced by mark-up nesting, does not provide a sufficiently expressive and general conceptual model of data in the documents, particularly when multiple source documents are processed at the same time. This paper proposes the ERX (Entity Relationship for XML) data model, an evolution of the entity-relationship model that copes with the peculiar features of XML. ERX is devised to provide effective support for the development of complex XML processors for advanced applications.
Digital phase-shifting interferometry: a simple error-compensating phase calculation algorithm (1987)

La difference de phase entre les 2 faisceaux interferant varie de maniere connue et on fait des mesures de la distribution d'intensite a travers la pupille correspondant a au moins 3 dephasages differents
Quebec's new birth bonuses. (1988)

The June 1986 US Current Population Survey was the first to include birth rates and lifetime birth expectations for foreign-born women. Its findings, based on a sample of 57,000 households, indicated that 1 out of every 10 US babies in 1986 was born to a foreign-born mother. Foreign-born women represent 7.4% of all US women 18-44 years of age. Mexican-Americans have the highest fertility, followed by women from other Latin American countries, Asian-born women, and finally, European women. The birth rate among Mexican-American women was 142/1000 in 1986. Foreign-born women expect to have a lifetime total of 2.3 children compared with 2.1 projected by US women overall. The percentage of women in their 30s who have never had a child has increased by 50% since 1976. By 1986, 24% of women 30-34 years of age and 17% of those 35-39 years of age had never had children. Other findings of the survey include the following: about 50% of new mothers return to the labor force within 1 year; the only increase in fertility between 1985 and 1986 occurred among women 30-34 years of age; Hispanic women have significantly higher fertility rates than black women or white women (106/1000, 78/1000, and 68/1000, respectively); and about half of recent black mothers are unmarried compared with 23% of Hispanic mothers and 12% of white mothers.
Experimental validation of regularized array element localization (2004)

This paper examines and validates regularized inversion for array element localization (AEL) by quantitative comparison of inversion results to direct measurements of receiver positions for a full-scale AEL survey. Regularized AEL treats both receiver and source positions as unknown parameters in a ray-based inversion; prior information on source/receiver positions, inter-receiver spacing in depth, and/or a smooth array shape can be included, subject to statistically fitting the acoustic data. Uncertainties in the recovered receiver positions are estimated via Monte Carlo appraisal. To study this approach, a specially stabilized, two-dimensional receiver array and a series of impulsive sources (imploding glass light bulbs) were deployed from shore-fast (motionless) Arctic sea ice. Sources and recordings were not synchronized in time, so AEL inversions are based on relative arrival times. Receiver positions were measured to an uncertainty of ∼5 cm in each dimension [9 cm in three dimensions (3D)] using nonacoustic (optical) methods. Average AEL errors (difference between measured receiver positions and inversion results) of 13 cm in depth, 27 cm in the horizontal, and 30 cm in 3D, as well as good agreement between the measured errors and estimated AEL uncertainties validate the regularized approach and provide benchmarks for acoustic AEL. Receiver-position errors are quantitatively investigated as a function of the number of sources, source-position errors, and different regularizations.
Percolation processes (1957)

ABSTRACT The paper studies, in a general way, how the random properties of a ‘medium’ influence the percolation of a ‘fluid’ through it. The treatment diifers from conventional diffusion theory, in which it is the random properties of the fluid that matter. Fluid and medium bear general interpretations: for example, solute diffusing through solvent, electrons migrating over an atomic lattice, molecules penetrating a porous solid, disease infecting a community, etc.