gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CO2 mobility control using CO2 philic surfactant for enhanced oil recovery (2015)

CO2 enhanced oil recovery by using newly synthesized CO2 philic surfactant as CO2 mobility control agent is reported. Nonyl phenol ethoxylate sulphonate (NPES) was prepared by the esterification of alcohol with maleic anhydride followed by its sulphonation. Effect of interfacial tension (IFT) between CO2 and brine using NPES was investigated to verify the CO2 philicity of the surfactant. The detailed account of effects of pressure and temperature on IFT between CO2/brine in the presence and absence of surfactant on specified pressure and temperature conditions is studied and discussed. NPES effectively lowered the IFT between CO2/brine (30 mN/m) to less than 5.23 mN/m. Foam quantity was improved by using betaine as foam booster. The static foam endurance properties in the presence and absence of oil were also examined prior to the actual performance test of surfactants using a reservoir core plug sample. It was noted that the foam stability was 900 s in the presence of oil at 90 °C in CO2 environment. The effect of foam by using synthesized NPES on mobility of CO2 is also presented. The CO2 mobility reduction factor was found to be 3.1. It is concluded that NPES has great potential for CO2-EOR applications.
Optimizing Synthetic miRNA Minigene Architecture for Efficient miRNA Hairpin Concatenation and Multi-target Gene Knockdown (2018)

Synthetic microRNA (miRNA) minigenes (SMIGs) have a major potential for molecular therapy; however, their optimal architecture still needs to be determined. We have previously optimized the stem structure of miRNA hairpins for efficient gene knockdown. Here, we investigate the overall architecture of SMIGs driven by polymerase II-dependent promoters. When miRNA hairpins were placed directly behind the promoter, gene knockdown was inefficient as compared with constructs containing an intercalated sequence ("spacer"). Spacer sequence was relevant for knockdown efficiency and concatenation potential: GFP-based sequences (even when truncated or including stop codons) were particularly efficient. In contrast, a spacer of similar length based on a CD4 intronic sequence was entirely inefficient. Spacer sequences influenced miRNA steady-state levels without affecting transcript stability. We demonstrate that with an optimized spacer, up to five concatenated hairpins targeting two different genes are efficiently expressed and able to knock down their respective targets. Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells containing a CCR5 knockdown SMIG demonstrated a sustained in vivo efficacy of our approach. In summary, we have defined features that optimize SMIG efficiency. Based on these results, optimized knockdown of genes of interest, such as the HIV co-receptor CCR5 and the NADPH oxidase subunit p22<sup>phox</sup>, was achieved.
Pharmacokinetics of single and repeat doses of icatibant (2014)

Single 30- and 90-mg subcutaneous administration of icatibant exhibited dose-proportional PK with no appreciable accumulation upon repeated 30-mg doses administered at 6-hour intervals.
Key Management for Secure Multicast over IPv6 Wireless Networks (2006)

Multicasting is an efficient method for transmission and routing of packets to multiple destinations using fewer network resources. Along with widespread deployment of wireless networks, secure multicast over wireless networks is an important and challenging goal. In this paper, we extend the scope of a recent new key distribution scheme to a security framework that offers a novel solution for secure multicast over IPv6 wireless networks. Our key management framework includes two scenarios for securely distributing the group key and rekey messages for joining and leaving a mobile host in secure multicast group. In addition, we perform the security analysis and provide performance comparisons between our approach and two recently published scenarios. The benefits of our proposed techniques are that they minimize the number of transmissions required to rekey the multicast group and impose minimal storage requirements on the multicast group. In addition, our proposed schemes are also very desirable from the viewpoint of transmission bandwidth savings since an efficient rekeying mechanism is provided for membership changes and they significantly reduce the required bandwidth due to key updating in mobile networks. Moreover, they achieve the security and scalability requirements in wireless networks.
Implementation of H. 264 Decoder on Sandblaster DSP (2005)

This paper presents the optimization techniques and results of implementing the H.264/AVC baseline profile decoder in software on the Sandblaster digital signal processor. It has been implemented in ANSI C and optimized to exploit the architectural features of the processor. The software implementation enables the reusability of the processor and lowers the development costs.
Current status of food irradiation in Korea (2007)

照射食品の安全性に関し, 韓国政府は国内評価の結果と同様に国際機関 (FAO, WHO, IAEA, CAC, その他) の勧告を原則的に受け入れている。現在, Co-60からのガンマ線による食品照射が, 26のアイテムの食品 (または食品群) に対して許可されている。2つの多目的ガンマ線照射施設 (Greenpia社1987年操業, SOYA社2002年操業) において, 医薬品ならびに限られた食品についての照射処理が実施されている。現時点では, 表示された製品が消費者向けに市場流通していることはない。しかし, 化学薬剤によるくん蒸の代替処理として, 殺菌あるいは殺虫のための照射処理が, 加工食品用の乾燥香辛料, 植物性原材料, その他のマイナーな原料の一部に対して利用されている。そして, 小量ではあるが, 商業ベースで扱われている食品の照射処理の総量は安定している。本稿では, 韓国における食品照射の進展について, その研究, 規制, 商業化, 照射食品の管理の実情について述べる。
Representation of Angles Embedded within Contour Stimuli in Area V2 of Macaque Monkeys (2004)

Angles and junctions embedded within contours are important features to represent the shape of objects. To study the neuronal basis to extract these features, we conducted extracellular recordings while two macaque monkeys performed a fixation task. Angle stimuli were the combination of two straight half-lines larger than the size of the classical receptive fields (CRFs). Each line was drawn from the center to outside the CRFs in 1 of 12 directions, so that the stimuli passed through the CRFs and formed angles at the center of the CRFs. Of 114 neurons recorded from the superficial layer of area V2, 91 neurons showed selective responses to these angle stimuli. Of these, 41 neurons (36.0%) showed selective responses to wide angles between 60 degrees and 150 degrees that were distinct from responses to straight lines or sharp angles (30 degrees ). Responses were highly selective to a particular angle in approximately one-fourth of neurons. When we tested the selectivity of the same neurons to individual half-lines, the preferred direction was more or less consistent with one or two components of the optimal angle stimuli. These results suggest that the selectivity of the neurons depends on both the combination of two components and the responses to individual components. Angle-selective V2 neurons are unlikely to be specific angle detectors, because the magnitude of their responses to the optimal angle was indistinguishable from that to the optimal half-lines. We suggest that the extraction of information of angles embedded within contour stimuli may start in area V2.
Role of the CCAAT -binding protein CBF in cell cycle regulation (2006)

Transcription factors generally refer to proteins that bind DNA at a promoter or enhahcer region or site, where they regulate transcription and by which play important roles in maintaining normal functions of the cell. One of them, CBF, is a transcription factor that binds to a CCAAT motif/box present in 30-60% of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters. CBF consists of three subunits, CBF-A, CBF-B, and CBF-C. Previous studies showed that binding of the CBF transcription factor to cellular promoters is essential for cell proliferation. This observation prompted us to investigate the function of CBF in relation to cell cycle progression and in cell-cycle-regulated transcription. In this study, we used a tetracycline-inducible adenoviral vector to express Bdbd, a truncated CBF-B subunit lacking a transcription activation domain, in various mammalian cell lines. The Bdbd polypeptide interacts with cellular CBF-A/CBF-C and binds to promoters containing CBF binding sites. Interestingly, expression of Bdbd in various mammalian cells resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and specific cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that expression of Bdbd strongly suppressed cell cycle dependent transcription activation of Cyclin B1, Aurora A, and CDC2 genes, which are key regulators for cell cycle progression at G2/M phase. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Bdbd significantly inhibited binding of TATA-binding protein, TBP to both Cyclin B1 and Aurora A promoters, but did not inhibit binding of E2F3 activator to Cyclin B1 promoter. Cell death assays indicated that Bdbd expression did not result in apoptosis but caused slight necrosis. In summary, this study showed that the activation domain of CBF-B plays an essential role in transcription activation of Cyclin B1 and Aurora A genes at G2/M phase, thus regulating cell cycle progression at G2/M phase. Mutations of transcription factors have been widely associated with human diseases. In the long term, this study will help lead to new therapeutics for proliferative diseases, such as cancers and tumors, which are of great public health concern.
Structures of New Friedelane-Type Triterpenes and Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpene and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from <i>Salacia </i><i>c</i><i>hinensis</i> (2003)

Three new friedelane-type triterpenes named salasones A (1), B (2), and C (3), a new norfriedelane-type triterpene, salaquinone A (4), and a new acylated eudesmane-type sesquiterpene, salasol A (5), were isolated from the 80% aqueous methanolic extract of the stems of Salacia chinensis collected in Thailand. Their stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. In addition, six constituents, 3beta,22beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid, tingenone, tingenine B, regeol A, triptocalline A, and mangiferin, were found to show an inhibitory effect on rat lens aldose reductase.
A DSP breath sound analyser (2003)

The growing availability of powerful digital signal processors (DSPs) makes possible the real-time analysis of almost all common biological signals. The authors consider the spectral analysis of breath sounds, which may provide an objective and quantitative assessment of the respiratory pathology in patients with pulmonary disorders. The authors propose a breath-sound analyzer consisting of a pick-up accelerometer, a real-time FFT (fast Fourier transform) analyzer, and an interface with a general-purpose personal computer. The spectra of normal and pathological breath sounds were analyzed for validation of the apparatus.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Process, performance, and reliability characterization of a GaAs VLSI technology (2002)

The authors present the results from a study of a commercial digital GaAs foundry and attempt to establish a methodology to characterize the process, performance, and reliability of that foundry's technology. A variety of increasingly complex test structures were designed to characterize the digital GaAs process. These structures include the elemental test structures for interconnects, contacts, junctions and devices to increasingly complex gates, latches, simple circuits and gate arrays. The increasing complexity in test structures insures that the results obtained are consistent and accurate. A novel timing circuit called a matrix delay chain is one of the key structures used to characterize the technology. This test structure is intended to allow the direct measurement of inverter propagation delay and as a monitor of performance variations. These variations are due to (1) process nonuniformities, (2) power supply fluctuations, (3) temperature extremes, (4) reliability degradations and, for use in space, and (5) radiation degradations. The collection of test structures was fabricated in an enhancement-depletion mode process utilizing 0.8 /spl mu/m gate length, and three level aluminum based metallization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ant colony optimization and its application to adaptive routing in telecommunication networks (2004)

In ant societies, and, more in general, in insect societies, the activities of the individuals, as well asofthesocietyasawhole,arenotregulatedbyanyexplicit\nformofcentralizedcontrol. Onthe other hand, adaptive and robust behaviors transcending the behavioral repertoire of the single individualcanbeeasilyobserved at society level. Thesecomplexglobalbehaviorsaretheresult of self-organizing dynamics driven by local interactions and communications among a number of relatively simple individuals. The simultaneous presence of these and other fascinating and unique characteristics have made ant societies an attractive and inspiring model for building newalgorithmsandnewmulti-agentsystems. Inthelastdecade,antsocietieshavebeentakenasa referenceforanevergrowingbodyof scientific work, mostly in the fields of robotics, operations research, and telecommunications. Among the different works inspired by ant colonies, the Ant Colony Optimization metaheuristic (ACO) is probably the most successful and popular one. The ACO metaheuristic is a multi-agent framework for combinatorial optimization whose main components are: a set of ant-like agents, the use of memory and of stochastic decisions, and strategies of collective and distributed learning. It finds its roots
Gerard de Lairesse (1998)

This book responds to a growing appreciation of the oeuvre and ideas of the classicist painter Gerard de Lairesse (1640-1711). It offers an accessible introduction to his life and work, with special attention to the historical and artistic context of the late seventeenth-century Dutch Republic. After the death of Rembrandt de Lairesse became one of the most populair painters of the Republic. After losing his eyesight in 1690 he wrote two influential works on drawing and painting: The foundations of Drawing and The Large Painting Book. De Lairesse was also a member of the theater discussion society 'Nil volentibus arduum', and famous for his decors for the Amsterdam City Theater. The variety of pursuits which made up De Lairesse's career are presented in colorful detail.
Reference count garbage collection (1984)

Abstract A garbage collection algorithm that permits a reference count storage reclamation scheme to collect circularly linked inaccessible structures is presented. The algorithm requires no additional information beyond that required by a reference count scheme. In particular, it does not require the garbage collector to be able to find pointers outside the heap. The algorithm is most useful for augmenting reference count storage reclamation systems and for implementing storage management systems on top of languages that do not provide their own. It is, however, considerably less efficient in space and time than conventional garbage collection systems.
Kinetics of polymerization by activated monomer mechanism (1990)

Abstract Polymerization of cyclic ethers by activated monomer mechanism involves consecutive additions of protonated monomer molecules to the growing macromolecules fitted with hydroxyl groups at their ends. For oxirane itself and symmetrically substituted oxiranes there is only one kind of hydroxyl groups and one, unique way of ring‐opening. Unsymmetrically substituted oxiranes provide however two sites of attack and two different hydroxyls, resulting from these ring‐openings. Kinetics of polymerization of epichlorohydrin (chloromethyloxirane) has been studied and all four rate constants determined, namely rate constants of the primary and secondary alcoholate chain ends with a protonated monomer, opening in result of the attack on substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom. These rate constants are (in mol −1 ·1·s −1 at 25°C, in CH 2 Cl 2 solvent): k 11 = 0.055, k 12 = = 0.41, k 22 = 0.135, and k 21 = 0.0011 (e.g. k 12 is the rate of reaction of the primary alcohol producing the secondary alcohol). Thus, polymerization proceeds almost exclusively on the secondary alcoholate groups, reproducing themselves (k 22 ).
Carlos A. Disandro: La Poestía de Lucrecio. (Instituto de Lenguas Clásicas, Textos y Estudios, 1.) Pp. 150. La Plata: Universidad Nacional, 1950. Paper. (1952)

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<i>N</i>‐Trifluoracetylamino‐säuren. II. Mitteil. (1954)

Abstract Aus aliphatischen Aminosäuren (Glykokoll und d, l ‐Alanin) bilden sich mit 2 Moll. Trifluoressigsäure‐anhydrid gemischte Anhydride aus N ‐Trifluoracetyl‐aminosäure und Trifluoressigsäure. Mit l ‐Alanin tritt hierbei Racemisierung ein. Diese gemischten Anhydride können in die symmetrischen N ‐Trifluoracetyl‐aminosäure‐anhydride über‐geführt werden, die, wie die gemischten Anhydride, mit Anilin oder Glycinäthylester N ‐Triflucracetyl‐aminosäure‐anilide bzw. N ‐Trifluoracetyl‐peptidester geben. Nach der Säurechlorid‐Methode läßt sich aus N ‐Trifluoracetyl‐ l ‐alanin das N ‐Trifluoracetyl‐ l ‐alanyl‐anilid herstellen. Von der Glutaminsäure ist das innere N ‐Trifluoracetyl‐ l ‐glutaminsäure‐anhydrid ohne Racemisierung erhältlich. Aus p ‐Amino‐benzoesäure werden über die 4‐[ N ‐Trifluoracetylamino]‐benzoesäure und das Säurechlorid 4‐[ N ‐Trifluorcetylamino]‐benzoesäure‐peptide gewonnen mit Glycinäthylester, l ‐Glutaminsäure‐diäthylester und p ‐Aminobenzoesäure‐äthylester. Auf die ziemlich leicht erfolgende alkalische Verseifbarkeit von N ‐Trifluoracetyl‐Verbindungen ist schon hingewiesen worden 1 ).
Covalent grafting onto self-adhesive surfaces based on aryldiazonium salt seed layers (2008)

The chemistry of aryldiazonium salts has been thoroughly used in recent years to graft in a very simple and robust way ultrathin polyphenylene-like films on a broad range of surfaces. We show here that the same chemistry can be used to obtain “self-adhesive surfaces”. This target was reached in a simple way by coating various surfaces with chemisorbed organic films containing active aryldiazonium salts. These “self-adhesive surfaces” are then put into contact with various species (molecules, polymers, nanoparticles, nanotubes, graphene flakes, etc.) that react either spontaneously or under activation with the immobilized aryldiazonium salts. Our self-adhesive surfaces were synthesized following a simple aqueous two-step protocol based on p-phenylenediamine diazotisation. The first diazotisation step results in the robust grafting of thin polyaminophenylene (PAP) layers onto the surface. The second diazotisation step changed the grafted PAP film into a “poly-aryldiazonium polymer” (PDP) film. The covalent grafting between those self-adhesive surfaces and the target species was achieved by direct contact or by immersion of the self-adhesive surfaces in solution. We present in this preliminary work the grafting of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), flakes of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), various organic compounds and copper nanoparticles. We also tested these immobilized aryldiazonium salts as electropolymerization initiators for the grafting-to process.
[m.m]Metallocenophanes: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties (1986)

Abstract Metallocenophanes are metallocenes in which the cyclopentadienyl ligands are linked intramolecularly through C m H n or C m H n X (X = heteroatom) chains. Two main classes of metallocenophanes are known: in [m]metallocenophanes the ligands of one metallocene are connected by a bridge (or by several bridges); in [m.n]metallocenophanes two (or more) metallocenes are brought together into one molecule by bridging groups. This article briefly describes the first class (mononuclear complexes) and then concentrates on the second (binuclear complexes). The [1.1]metallocenophanes, which are produced by linking two metallocene moieties through two C 1 , bridges, are of particular interest and are characterized by a variety of unusual and useful properties: they are very flexible conformationally; hydride abstraction from the CH 2 bridges produces carbenium ions that are greatly stabilized by the adjacent metallocene moieties; deprotonation of one of the CH 2 bridges is surprisingly easy and leads to the unusual situation that an intramolecular CHċC hydrogen bond stabilizes a carbanion; protonation of both metallocene moieties causes the liberation of one mole of hydrogen per mole of [1.1]metallocenophane, thereby allowing the use of these compounds as catalysts for the formation of hydrogen in acidic aqueous solutions.
New Processing Techniques to Meet Challenges of LWD Acoustic Logging (2001)

Abstract LWD acoustic logging presents several challenges beyond those faced in wireline logging: the LWD environment is inherently noisier, the drill collar supports additional propagation modes, the data are obtained at irregular depth intervals, and tool centralization is generally poor. Furthermore, it is difficult to achieve a pure monopole or pure dipole transmitter mode in LWD tool configurations; this complicates slow shear measurements based on flexural or Stoneley interface modes. These factors often result in a greater number of coherent arrivals being detected at the receiver arrays, and prohibits the effective use of some conventional techniques such as data stacking and dipole receiver subtraction, raising the challenge of properly identifying the various coherent modes of interest in determining formation compressional and shear velocities. To address the added complications of LWD sonic logging, new processing and analysis techniques have been developed for use with a second-generation LWD sonic tool. In addition to the standard slowness vs. arrival time coherence computation, the frequency, energy, delay, and attenuation of each coherent arrival is also computed. These properties can be examined at each acquisition to determine the properties of the desired compressional, refracted shear, and interface modes. A new and innovative graphical user interface then allows the processing analyst to employ all of the relevant properties of the various coherent arrivals when producing the final compressional and shear slowness logs. Field examples from various formation and borehole environments illustrate the application of the multi-parameter analysis approach to LWD sonic log processing. Examples include the identification and elimination of various types of residual tool modes and spatial aliasing. Examples are drawn from both fast and slow formations.
Advanced Glycation End Products in Extracellular Matrix Proteins Contribute to the Failure of Sensory Nerve Regeneration in Diabetes (2009)

Early glycation and AGE residue content of endoneurial ECM proteins increase markedly in STZ-induced diabetes. Glycation of laminin and fibronectin causes a reduction in neurotrophin-stimulated neurite outgrowth and preconditioned neurite outgrowth. This may provide a mechanism for the failure of collateral sprouting and axonal regeneration in diabetic neuropathy.