gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine on Vaccinia Virus (Orthopoxvirus) Infections in Mice (2002)

There is a concern that there may be unregistered stocks of smallpox that can be used for bioterrorism or biological warfare. According to the WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Research, there is a need to develop strategies to treat smallpox infections should they reappear. It would also be important to have an effective drug at hand for the treatment of monkeypox disease in humans. We show here that 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU) is a potent inhibitor of vaccinia virus (VV) replication and that IDU inhibits VV DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent way. The in vivo protective effect of IDU was assessed in the VV tail lesion model in immunocompetent mice and in a lethal model for VV infection in SCID (severe combined immune deficiency) mice that had been infected either intranasally, intraperitoneally, or intravenously. Subcutaneous treatment with IDU at 150 and 100 mg/kg of body weight markedly reduced the number of tail lesions in immunocompetent NMRI mice. Untreated intranasally VV-infected SCID mice died at 20.8 +/- 3.1 days after infection (mean +/- standard deviation). Treatment with IDU (subcutaneously, 150 mg/kg/day [from day 0 to 4] and 75 mg/kg/day [from day 6 to 11]) delayed-virus induced mortality by 15 days (mean day of death +/- standard deviation, 35.8 +/- 6.7; P < 0.0001). This protective effect was associated with (i) an improvement of lung histology and (ii) a marked reduction in lung viral titers. IDU also delayed VV-induced mortality when mice had either been infected intraperitoneally or intravenously. Even when the start of treatment with IDU (in intraperitoneally VV-infected mice) was postponed until 2 or 4 days after infection, an important delay in virus-induced mortality was noted.
DABCO as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 3-cyano-2(1H)-pyridinones and their 2-imino analogues (2010)

3-cyano-2(1H)-pyridinones and their 2-imino analogues have been synthesized in good yields via a one-pot multi-component reaction of 3,4-dimethoxyacetophenone, malononitrile or ethylcyanoacetate, ammonium acetate and various aldehydes in the presence of 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO) in ethanol. DABCO has been widely used as a catalyst for the organic reactions and we selected it as an efficient catalyst to synthesis of 3-cyano-pyridines. All products were characterized by melting point, IR, 1H NMR and GC/MS studies.
Dementia in the Elderly: The Silent Epidemic (1982)

The graying of America will be accompanied by an epidemic of major proportions--dementia or intellectual impairment--that will have an impact on all aspects of the helath care system, particularly on the institutional component of the long-term care system. Health professionals; federal, state, and local health planners; families; and others must recognize that many ameliorable or curable physical and emotional diseases in the elderly are associated with intellectual impairment that may be difficult to distinguish from irreversible brain disease of the Alzheimer type. We present information on the cause, physiopathologic mechanism, clinical presentation, appropriate laboratory studies, and anticipated outcomes in the various forms of intellectual impairment found in the elderly. Important new developments will occur in the next decade that will address the cause, pathogenesis, further refinement of laboratory investigation, and specific therapeutic intervention in dementia.
Early effort estimation of massive maintenance processes (2003)

Effort estimation is a valuable asset to managers in planning maintenance activities and performing cost/benefit analysis. Early estimates and accurate evaluations permit to significantly reduce project risks and to improve resource scheduling. In this paper we present an approach for an early effort estimation based on the knowledge of a fraction of the programs composing the work-packet. As a case study, the proposed approach has been applied to a large massive maintenance project performed by a major international software enterprise.
Correlation between 3D Texture of Steel Substrate and TiN-Coated Surface with Various Coating Masses (2018)

When producing thick Class II hot-dip tin coating, surface texture becomes smoother and more uniform. Amplitude characteristics of surface texture Sa, Sq and the core void volume (Vvc) decrease, number of surface peaks (characteristic Sds) decrease dramatically. These result from Sn particles filling in the surface irregularities. When producing thinner Class I hot-dip tin coating, characteristics of surface texture Sa, Sq increase, characteristic Sds slightly decreases, and characteristic Vvc slightly increases. These changes can be explained by the fact that Sn particles settle more efficiently onto peaks of irregularities. When producing very thin electrolytic coatings, the steel substrate and coating have identical surface textures for coating mass up to 3.42 g/m 2 .
Damage introduction in InP and InGaAs during Ar and H2 plasma exposure (1992)

Changes in the sheet resistance of doped epitaxial layers of InP and In0.53Ga0.47As exposed to microwave Ar or H2 discharges were measured as a function of the exposure time (1–20 min), plasma pressure (1–20 mTorr) and the additional rf-induced negative dc bias (50–400 V) on the sample. Changes in sheet resistance of ≤10% are only obtained for low dc biases (≤−75 V) or short exposures for either type of discharge. Hydrogen plasmas led to more substantial resistance changes than argon plasmas under all conditions, with the amount of damage introduction or hydrogen passivation being strongly dependent on dc bias and exposure time, but weakly dependent on pressure. The results indicate that high density, low pressure plasmas with low dc biases are capable of causing minimal disruption to InP-based materials during dry etching for device fabrication.
Afterglow, TL and IRSL in beta‐irradiated HPHT type Ib synthetic diamond (2006)

Abstract The presence of nitrogen or other impurities in HPHT type Ib synthetic diamond may produce shallow or deep localized trapping states for electrons (holes) with activation energies below the conduction (above the valence) band. The present work deals with room temperature afterglow (AG), thermoluminescence (TL) and infrared‐stimulated luminescence (IRSL) in HPHT type Ib diamond. The existence of vacancy impurity‐related defects gives rise to a characteristic AG, TL and IRSL in beta‐irradiated samples. The AG luminescence decays fast, decreasing to about 10 3 of its initial intensity value in 100 s. The deconvoluted TL glow curve is composed of a 1.4‐order peak at 375 K and three first‐order kinetics peaks at 442, 475 and 514 K. The IRSL was excited with 830 nm light releasing electrons from the trapping states with different efficiencies. The TL glow curve was found to be non‐reproducible because the multiple impurity‐related defects induced by irradiation are unstable at temperatures around 800 K. The peculiar AG and TL behavior observed in the investigated HPHT type Ib synthetic diamond may hinder its application in TL dosimetry. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The good, the bad and the ugly of consumer cloud storage (2010)

research-article Share on The good, the bad and the ugly of consumer cloud storage Authors: Wenjin Hu Clarkson University Clarkson UniversityView Profile , Tao Yang Clarkson University Clarkson UniversityView Profile , Jeanna N. Matthews Clarkson University Clarkson UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 44Issue 3July 2010 pp 110–115https://doi.org/10.1145/1842733.1842751Published:17 August 2010Publication History 73citation1,860DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations73Total Downloads1,860Last 12 Months178Last 6 weeks12 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Shear-induced transitions in micellar solutions (2007)

Shear stress can change the micellar structures which are present in surfactant solutions. We summarize shear-induced phenomena, which have been observed in micellar systems. Results on five different systems are reported. The systems are: tetradecyltrimethylammoniumsalicylate, hexadecyloctyldimethylammoniumbromide, mixtures of sodiumdodecylsulfate and tetradecyldimethylaminoxide, hexadecyltrimethylammoniumsalicylate, and equimolar NaCl and mixtures of hexanol and tetradecyldimethylaminoxide. In three of the five systems small rodlike micelles were preesnt in the quiescent solution. In spite of this similarity in the starting conditions the shear causes different transitions in the solutions. In dilute solutions of tetradecyltrimethylammoniumsalicylate a sol/gel transition is induced by shear. In semidilute solutions of cetyloctyldimethylammoniumbromide a liquid crystalline hexagonal phase is formed under shear from an isotropic micellar solution. The long-range order in the l.c. phase was detected in SANS measurements. A nematic phase seems to form under shear in the isotropic micellar solutions of mixtures of tetradecyldimethylaminoxide and sodiumdodecylsulfate. In viscoelastic solutions of cetylpyridiniumsalicylate and NaCl the formation of a turbid phase from a transparent phase was detected and, finally, we found the formation of a lamellar phase from a L 3-phase, which consisted of cosurfactant surfactant mixtures. For all five systems the transition to the new phase occurred for shear rates above a well-defined threshold value. In the first three cases the starting solution was a low viscous solution. The shear caused an abrupt increase of the viscosity for $$\dot \gamma > \dot \gamma _i$$ .
Toward evaluation of shape memory alloy actuators for endosurgery (2002)

Previous work in control of shape memory alloy actuators is examined and re-evaluated for possible application to design of tools for endosurgery. Flexible and rigid robotic links actuated by shape memory alloy are constructed and their behavior evaluated to determine and develop suitable control algorithms. The application of these links to electrically controlled surgical instruments such as graspers is discussed.
Evaluation of audiovestibular status in leprosy. (1984)

One hundred twenty five cases of lepromatous leprosy and 25 cases of tuberculoid leprosy were investigated for audiovestibular status. Impaired hearing was detected in 52 percent and vestibular hypofuction in 7.2 per cent of lepromatous cases. Conductive deafness was due to eustachian tube catarrh secondary to atrophic rhinitis associated with the disease. The perceptive deafness and vestibular hypofuction were due to end organ lesion probably due to E.N.L. reaction. The vestibulococlear nerve involvement was considered to be unlikely. In tuberculoid leprosy derangement in hearing was not observed in any cases.
Polarization-independent optical switch composed of holographic optical elements (1995)

A novel 2 x 2 polarization-independent optical switch with holographic optical elements is proposed. The switch consists of an electro-optic half-wave plate sandwiched between two pairs of holographic polarization beam splitters. Normally incident input and output couplings of this compact and lightweight device provide better flexibility and easier alignment for system applications.
A Simulation-Based Optimization Algorithm for Dynamic Large-Scale Urban Transportation Problems (2017)

This paper addresses large-scale urban transportation optimization problems with time-dependent continuous decision variables, a stochastic simulation-based objective function, and general analytical differentiable constraints. We propose a metamodel approach to address, in a computationally efficient way, these large-scale dynamic simulation-based optimization problems. We formulate an analytical dynamic network model that is used as part of the metamodel. The network model formulation combines ideas from transient queueing theory and traffic flow theory. The model is formulated as a system of equations. The model complexity is linear in the number of road links and is independent of the link space capacities. This makes it a scalable model suitable for the analysis of large-scale problems. The proposed dynamic metamodel approach is used to address a time-dependent large-scale traffic signal control problem for the city of Lausanne. Its performance is compared to that of a stationary metamodel approach. The proposed approach outperforms the stationary approach. This comparison illustrates the added value of providing the algorithm with analytical dynamic problem-specific structural information. The performance of a signal plan derived by the proposed approach is also compared to that of an existing signal plan for the city of Lausanne, and to that of a signal plan derived by a mainstream commercial signal control software. The proposed method can systematically identify signal plans with good performance. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2016.0717 .
Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis of Fiber Optic Parametric Amplifiers (2006)

We carried out, for the first time to our knowledge, distributed measurements of the small-signal gain of fiber-based parametric amplifiers by using a novel technique based on Brillouin optical time domain analysis.
Early-stage breast cancer (2006)

Background:The influence of organizational factors on the process and outcomes of the treatment of breast cancer has been extensively investigated.Although the quality of care is presumed to be better in larger centres, evidence is inconsistent.This study was conducted to determine whether therapies for patients with breast cancer varied according to hospital caseload.Methods: Women newly diagnosed between 1988 and 1994 with early-stage node-negative primary breast cancer were randomly selected from the Quebec tumour registry and the Quebec hospital discharge database.Data were collected from medical charts, and only women having undergone dissection of the axilla were included in the analyses.Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for case mix and organizational variables.Results: The final sample included 1259 patients with node-negative stage I or II primary breast cancer.The proportion of women who underwent breast-conserving surgery increased significantly with hospital caseload (from 78.0% in hospitals admitting fewer than 25 new cases each year to 88.0% in those admitting 100 patients or more; p for trend < 0.001).This trend remained significant even after statistical adjustment for case mix and organizational factors (p for trend = 0.001).Of the 1039 women who underwent breast-conserving surgery 965 (92.9%) received radiotherapy.Use of systemic adjuvant therapy (tamoxifen or chemotherapy, or both) increased with the number of patients treated in a given centre (from 60.1% to 68.5%), but this trend disappeared after adjustment for case mix and other factors.The proportion of patients receiving systemic adjuvant therapy consistent with published consensus guidelines tended to increase with caseload for those treated in hospitals participating in multicentre clinical trials but decrease with caseload for patients in hospitals not involved in clinical research.Interpretation: The care of patients in Quebec with early-stage breast cancer is characterized by a high prevalence of both breast-conserving surgery and systemic adjuvant therapy.Large centres, especially those actively involved in clinical research, rapidly adopt innovative therapeutic modalities.
Large Scale Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991 by Iijima, they have been of great interest both from the fundamental point of view and for future applications. The most eye catching features of this structure are their electronic, mechanical, optical and chemical characteristics, which opens a way to future applications. These properties can even be measured on single nanotubes. For commercial applications, large quantities of purified nanotubes are needed. In this paper, recent research on preparation of carbon nanotubes with special reference to low temperature synthesis of high purity is reviewed. The reported achievements in this area will open up more knowledge on carbon nanostructured materials in many areas of emerging nanoscale science and nanotechnology
Significant Acidification in Major Chinese Croplands (2010)

Soil acidification is a major problem in soils of intensive Chinese agricultural systems. We used two nationwide surveys, paired comparisons in numerous individual sites, and several long-term monitoring-field data sets to evaluate changes in soil acidity. Soil pH declined significantly (P < 0.001) from the 1980s to the 2000s in the major Chinese crop-production areas. Processes related to nitrogen cycling released 20 to 221 kilomoles of hydrogen ion (H+) per hectare per year, and base cations uptake contributed a further 15 to 20 kilomoles of H+ per hectare per year to soil acidification in four widespread cropping systems. In comparison, acid deposition (0.4 to 2.0 kilomoles of H+ per hectare per year) made a small contribution to the acidification of agricultural soils across China.
A Conductive Polypyrrole‐Coated, Sulfur–Carbon Nanotube Composite for Use in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2013)

Abstract A novel ternary composite, polypyrrole (PPy)‐coated sulphur–carbon nanotube (S‐CNT), is synthesised by using an in situ, one‐pot method. Firstly, elemental sulfur is loaded into the CNT network by a solution‐based processing technique. Then conducting PPy is coated on the surface of the S‐CNT composite to form the S‐CNT‐PPy ternary composite by carrying out polymerization of the pyrrole monomer in situ. The ternary composite is tested as a cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries. The results show that PPy coating improves significantly the performance of the binary composites (S‐CNT and S‐PPy). The conducting PPy is believed to serve multiple functions in the composite: as a conducting additive, an active material, and an adsorbent and container to confine the polysulfides and prevent them from dissolving into the electrolyte. As a result, PPy coating on the S‐CNT composite enhances its conductivity, capacity and cycling stability. The capacity of S‐CNT‐PPy is about 600 mAh g −1 after 40 cycles, which is much higher than for the S‐CNT composite (430 mAh g −1 )
Prevention of post-cardiopulmonary bypass acute kidney injury by endothelin A receptor blockade* (2011)

In this model, post-cardiopulmonary bypass acute kidney injury is associated with endothelial dysfunction, regional tissue hypoxia, and proximal tubular epithelial cell stress but not acute tubular necrosis. Antagonism of the endothelin-1 A receptor reversed these changes and may represent a therapeutic target for the prevention of post-cardiac surgery acute kidney injury.
Expressive Facial Animation Synthesis by Learning Speech Coarticulation and Expression Spaces (2006)

Synthesizing expressive facial animation is a very challenging topic within the graphics community. In this paper, we present an expressive facial animation synthesis system enabled by automated learning from facial motion capture data. Accurate 3D motions of the markers on the face of a human subject are captured while he/she recites a predesigned corpus, with specific spoken and visual expressions. We present a novel motion capture mining technique that "learns" speech coarticulation models for diphones and triphones from the recorded data. A Phoneme-Independent Expression Eigenspace (PIEES) that encloses the dynamic expression signals is constructed by motion signal processing (phoneme-based time-warping and subtraction) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reduction. New expressive facial animations are synthesized as follows: First, the learned coarticulation models are concatenated to synthesize neutral visual speech according to novel speech input, then a texture-synthesis-based approach is used to generate a novel dynamic expression signal from the PIEES model, and finally the synthesized expression signal is blended with the synthesized neutral visual speech to create the final expressive facial animation. Our experiments demonstrate that the system can effectively synthesize realistic expressive facial animation.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Magnetically Diverse Au@Ni Core–Shell Nanostructures (2013)

Core–shell bimetallic Au@Ni nanoparticles, with gold cores and thin nickel shells with overall size less than 10 nm, are synthesized and stabilized in pure cubic (fcc) and hexagonal (hcp) phase. Due to their unique crystal, electronic, and geometric structure, they show interesting magnetic and chemical properties. The Au@Ni fcc is magnetic, whereas Au@Ni hcp is non‐magnetic. Both the bimetallic nanostructures are stable to surface oxidation until 150 °C and show excellent catalytic activity for p‐nitrophenol reduction reaction.
Fatigue durability assessment of automotive adhesive joints by an <i>in situ </i>corrosion fatigue test (2016)

Fatigue and corrosion damage are the major concerns of automotive adhesive joints, yet literature reports few works about the in situ fatigue durability of adhesive joints in corrosive environment. This study presents an investigation on the fatigue durability of automotive adhesive single lap joints by an in situ corrosion fatigue test. The joints were manufactured with commercial coated AA5754-O aluminum sheets bonded by a toughened epoxy structural adhesive. An in situ corrosion chamber was designed and employed to simulate a humid and corrosive environment by spraying 5% saline solution or distilled water mist around the joints’ overlap area during fatigue testing. The test results show that in the 5% saline solution mist environment, the joints’ fatigue lives encountered a great loss for about an order in magnitude compared to the joints tested in laboratory environment. The difference of fatigue lives between 5% saline solution mist test and distilled water mist test is insignificant. The fracture surface analysis by scanning electron microscope and EDX techniques indicates that the adhesive joints failed interfacially in the corrosive environment, which differs from the cohesive failure mode in the laboratory environment.
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LANDFILL GAS (1998)

The report presents information on emerging technologies that are considered to be commercially available (Tier 1), currently undergoing research and development (Tier 2), or are considered as potentially applicable (Tier 3), for the management of landfill gas (LFG) emissions or for the utilization of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from LFG. Discussion of emerging technologies is based on information that was readily available as of September 1997. The emerging technologies that are considered to be Tier 1 are 1) phosphoric acid fuel cells, 2) processes for converting CH4 from LFG to compressed LFG for vehicle fuel or other fuel uses, and (3) use of LFG as a fuel source for leachate evaporation systems. The Tier 2 technologies covered in the report are 1) operation of landfills as anaerobic bioreactors, 2) operation of landfills as aerobic bioreactors, 3) production of methanol from LFG, 4) production of commercial CO2 from LFG, and 5) use of LFG to provide fuel for heat and CO2 enhancement in greenhouses. Tier 3 technologies, considered as potentially applicable for LFG, include Stirling and Organic Rankine Cycle engines. These two technologies could potentially use waste heat from flares used to control landfill gases to generate mechanical energy. However, they have not yet undergone field demonstration at a landfill to determine if they would be cost effective. Emerging Technologies for the Management and Utilization of Landfill Gas