gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internet of Things, Blockchain and Shared Economy Applications (2016)

This paper explores how the Internet of Things and blockchain technology can benefit shared economy applications. The focus of this research is understanding how blockchain can be exploited to create decentralised, shared economy applications that allow people to monetise, securely, their things to create more wealth. Shared economy applications such as Airbnb and Uber are well-known applications, but there are many other opportunities to share in the digital economy. With the recent interest in the Internet of Things and blockchain, the opportunity exists to create a myriad of sharing applications, e.g. peer-to-peer automatic payment mechanisms, foreign exchange platforms, digital rights management and cultural heritage to name but a few. While many types of shared economy scenarios are proliferating, few of them, so far, leverage the Internet of Things and blockchain as technologies to build distributed applications. This paper discusses how we might make use of the Internet of Things and blockchains to create secure shared economy distributed applications. Presented are examples of such distributed applications in the context of an Internet of Things architecture using blockchain technology.
Local proteolytic activity in tumor cell invasion and metastasis (2005)

Proteolytic cleavage of extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical regulator of many physiological and pathological events. It affects fundamental processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Most proteases are produced as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic cleavage for activation. Proteolytic activity is additionally modified by endogenous inhibitors. Mechanisms that localize and concentrate protease activity in the pericellular microenvironment of cells are prerequisites for processes like angiogenesis, bone development, inflammation and tumor cell invasion. Methods that enable real-time, high-resolution imaging and precise quantification of local proteolytic activity in vitro and in vivo remain major challenges. These methods will play an important role in the understanding of basic principles e.g. in cancer cell invasion, the identification of new therapeutical targets and hence drug design. This review highlights mechanisms and functions of local proteolytic activity with special emphasis on tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and focuses on techniques for the investigation of this process.
Electrical properties of surface layers of oxidic perovskites (1992)

Abstract Impedance measurements are performed both on single crystal SrTiO3 and on ceramic BaTiO3 at frequencies between 10 kHz and 10 MHz in the temperature range 300 to 1300 K. The different transport properties of the bulk and the surface region lead to a relaxation like anomaly in the dielectric response. Both the bulk and the surface dielectric properties are inferred by fitting the macroscopic relaxation data. Compared to the bulk properties the oxygen pressure dependent conductivity minimum of the surface region shifts toward higher oxygen pressures. The formation as well as the transport properties of the concerned surface layers are explained by an increased oxygen vacancy concentration within the surface layer which is due to the band bending within the contact region.
Involvement of let-7/miR-98 microRNAs in the regulation of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 expression in ovarian cancer cells (2010)

PGRMC1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) is part of a multi-protein complex, that is highly expressed in several cancers and is involved in chemoresistance. Although PGRMC1 plays an important role in various cancers, little is known about how PGRMC1 expression is regulated. Therefore, the present study was designed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that influence PGRMC1 expression in ovarian cancer cells. An in silico approach revealed that the 3'-untranslated region of PGRMC1 contains one highly and one poorly conserved binding site for the microRNA let-7/miR-98 and one highly conserved binding site for miR-141/200a. Luciferase assays and real-time PCRs showed that the let-7 isoforms let-7i and miR-98 target PGRMC1 in SKOV-3 cells. In contrast, the conserved binding site for miR-200a/141 in the 3'-UTR of PGRMC1 is not functional. Stimulation of SKOV-3 cells with progesterone resulted in a decrease in PGRMC1 mRNA levels. Further, an analysis of endogenous let-7i levels in SKOV-3 cells revealed that let-7i expression increased after stimulation with progesterone. Therefore, progesterone may exert its effect on PGRMC1 expression in part by stimulation of let-7i. In conclusion, we propose that PGRMC1 expression is regulated by the miRNAs let-7/miR-98, which could become therapeutic targets, as PGRMC1, like many other targets of let-7, seems to be involved in cancer proliferation and chemotherapy resistance.
An Intrinsically Linear Wideband Polar Digital Power Amplifier (2017)

This paper presents an intrinsically linear wideband polar digital power amplifier (DPA) operating in semi class-E/F2 mode. Without using any type of digital pre-distortion (DPD), the proposed architecture achieves high linearity by accurately controlling its AM-AM and AM-PM characteristic curves through nonlinear sizing, overdrive-voltage control, and multiphase RF clocking without compromising the achievable output power or efficiency. Measurement results of the fabricated prototype in 40-nm bulk CMOS show -46 and -40 dBc adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) for 20and 40-MHz orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals, respectively. The measured error vector magnitudes (EVM) are -36 dB and -33 dB, respectively. Measured results indicate a PSAT, peak drain efficiency (DE), and power-added efficiency (PAE) of 14.6 dBm, 44%, and 26%, respectively, using a 0.5-V supply for the output stage at 2.2 GHz.
Vaccines targeting preS1 domain overcome immune tolerance in hepatitis B virus carrier mice (2017)

These results suggest that preS1 can function as a therapeutic vaccine for the control of CHB. (Hepatology 2017;66:1067-1082).
Understanding the tipping point of urban conflict: Global policy report (2012)

The purpose of this Report is to provide general policy recommendations from the four city studies undertaken for the research project 'Understanding the Tipping Point of Urban Conflict: Violence, Cities, and Poverty Reduction in the Development World' (UTP), carried out by the University of Manchester in collaboration with partner institutions in Kenya, India, Chile and Switzerland. This report summarises the background to the project, its objectives, conceptual framework, rationale for case study selection, and methodology. It then discusses the key findings by city, before turning to comparative policy recommendations. See http://www.urbantippingpoint.org
Iterative Voting for Inference of Structural Saliency and Characterization of Subcellular Events (2007)

Saliency is an important perceptual cue that occurs at different levels of resolution. Important attributes of saliency are symmetry, continuity, and closure. Detection of these attributes is often hindered by noise, variation in scale, and incomplete information. This paper introduces the iterative voting method, which uses oriented kernels for inferring saliency as it relates to symmetry. A unique aspect of the technique is the kernel topography, which is refined and reoriented iteratively. The technique can cluster and group nonconvex perceptual circular symmetries along the radial line of an object's shape. It has an excellent noise immunity and is shown to be tolerant to perturbation in scale. The application of this technique to images obtained through various modes of microscopy is demonstrated. Furthermore, as a case example, the method has been applied to quantify kinetics of nuclear foci formation that are formed by phosphorylation of histone gammaH2AX following ionizing radiation. Iterative voting has been implemented in both 2-D and 3-D for multi image analysis.
CXCL5/ENA78 increased cell migration and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of hormone‐independent prostate cancer by early growth response‐1/snail signaling pathway (2010)

Prostate cancers that are resistant to hormone therapy are more invasive and have greater ability to spread to other organs than androgen-dependent prostate cancers. Furthermore, this type of prostate cancer is also highly resistant to current forms of chemotherapy. This study analyzed CXCL5/ENA78, which is highly expressed in androgen-independent prostate cancers, and is responsible for cell migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in two androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines. Inducement of PC-3 and DU145 cancer progression by CXCL5/ENA78 is associated with increased Raf/MEK/ERK activation, and the upregulation of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and Snail. Blockade of Egr-1 decreased Snail upregulation and cell migration, indicating that Egr-1 is required in CXCL5/ENA78-mediated Snail enhancement and cell migration. In addition, Egr-1 siRNA also decreased the effect of CXCL5/ENA78 on p27 inhibition, Cdk4 induction and cell proliferation, suggesting Egr-1 is also involved in CXCL5/ENA78-mediated cell growth. Moreover, blocking ERK1/2 by siRNA suppressed CXCL5/ENA78-induced Egr-1 enhancement, cell migration, and proliferation. Our study suggests that inhibition of CXCL5/ENA78-mediated ERK/Egr-1/Snail signaling is an attractive therapeutic target for androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Regulation of Rat Ornithine Decarboxylase Promoter Activity by Binding of Transcription Factor Sp1 (1995)

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis. We investigated the transcriptional regulation of the rat ODC gene using transient expression assays. The 5'-flanking region (-1156 to +13) of the ODC gene was sufficient to mediate strong basal expression of a luciferase reporter. Sequences between -345 and -93 contributed to basal promoter activity. This region, containing five potential Sp1 binding sites, was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Three specific DNA-protein complexes were identified using H35 nuclear extracts and the -345/-93 ODC probe. Binding to all three was eliminated by competition with an oligonucleotide containing an Sp1 binding site, but not by a mutant Sp1 oligonucleotide. Preincubation with an antibody against Sp1 supershifted complexes associated with one or more of Sp1 binding sites 1-4 as well as with site 5. DNase I footprinting revealed two protected regions: PR-I (-92 to -130) and PR-II (-304 to -332). PR-I contains a putative binding site for Sp1 that was protected by recombinant Sp1 protein. Transfection studies in Schneider SL2 cells demonstrated that the ODC promoter is transactivated up to 350-fold by Sp1 and that this transactivation is dependent on the presence of Sp1 binding sites 1-4. Thus, although the ODC promoter binds multiple nuclear proteins, Sp1 or a related protein appears to be a critical determinant of ODC transcription, possibly through cooperative interactions between Sp1 and additional transcription factors.
Plasma Clearance and Organ Distribution of Native andDesialylated Rat and Human Transcortin: Species Specificity* (1981)

Plasma clearance of intact and desialylated rat and human transcortin after iv injection into rats and hamsters has been investigated. Intact rat transcortin was shown to have an approximately 5-fold longer half-life in the rat circulation than human transcortin. Removal of sialic acid residues resulted in a reduction of the half-life of rat transcortin from 4 h to 90 sec. This rapid clearance could be blocked by simultaneous injection of asialofetuin, but the clearance of intact rat transcortin was unaffected by asialofetuin. Five rat organs (pancreas, uterus, kidney, liver, and psoas muscle) were sampled at 30 and 60 min after injection of iodinated rat or human transcortin and examined for their intact transcortin levels relative to those of plasma and [14C]sucrose distribution volumes. With the exception of the liver, the organs had lower tissue:plasma ratios of [125I]iodo-transcortin than did [14C]sucrose. Liver was found to accumulate 3--8 times more human [125I]iodo-transcortin than rat [125I]iodo-transcortin, suggesting that this organ plays a greater role in the degradation and plasma clearance of human transcortin. When injected into hamsters, rat and human transcortin both had relatively long half-lives (5.8 and 6.8 h, respectively), which were dramatically shortened when sialic acid was removed. Our results suggest that the differences observed in the half-lives of these two species of transcortin in the rat are most likely due to differences in the metabolism of these two transcortins by the endogenous neuraminidase(s).
A Mannose-containing Trisaccharide Isolated from Urines of Three Patients with Mannosidosis (1973)

Abstract The urine from three patients with mannosidosis was found to contain abnormally high amounts of mannose-containing oligosaccharides. The highest yield (123 to 430 mg per liter of urine) was obtained of a trisaccharide, which was isolated and characterized. The isolation procedure included ultrafiltration, gel chromatography on Sephadex G-25, purification by preparative zone electrophoresis, and preparative paper chromatography. Sugar analysis showed that the trisaccharide consisted of 2 d-mannose moieties and 1 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose residue. The linkages and sequential order of the sugar units were established by methylation analysis of the reduced trisaccharide. The partially methylated sugars obtained on hydrolysis of the methylated trisaccharide alditol were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The anomeric configurations were determined by chromium trioxide oxidation followed by methylation analysis. Additional proof for the anomeric natures of the sugar units was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis studies and by inhibition experiments using a precipitin system with concanavalin A. As a result of these studies, the structure of the trisaccharide could be established as α-d-mannopyranoside-(1→3)-β-d-mannopyranoside-(1→4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose. The oligosaccharide is most probably a degradation product derived from the inner core of glycoprotein chains.
The Prometheus Taxonomic Model: a practical approach to representing multiple classifications (2000)

Summary Pullan, M. R., Watson, M. F., Kennedy, J. B., Raguenaud, C. & Hyam, R.: The Prometheus Taxonomic Model: a practical approach to representing multiple classifications. – Taxon 49: 55‐75. 2000. – ISSN 0040‐0262. A model for representing taxonomic data in a flexible and dynamic system capable of handling and comparing multiple simultaneous classifications is presented. The Prometheus Taxonomic Model takes as its basis the idea that a taxon can be circumscribed by the specimens or taxa of lower rank which are said to belong to it. In this model alternative taxon concepts are therefore represented in terms of differing circumscriptions. This provides a more objective way of expressing taxonomic concepts than purely descriptive circumscriptions, and is more explicit than merely providing pointers to where circumscriptions have been published. Using specimens as the fundamental elements of taxon circumscription also allows for the automatic naming of taxa based upon the distribution and priority of types within each circumscription, and by application of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. This approach effectively separates the process of naming taxa (nomenclature) from that of classification, and therefore enables the system to store multiple classifications. The derivation of the model, how it compares with other models, and the implications for the construction of global data sets and taxonomic working practice are discussed.
Automatic detection of rumor on Sina Weibo (2012)

The problem of gauging information credibility on social networks has received considerable attention in recent years. Most previous work has chosen Twitter, the world's largest micro-blogging platform, as the premise of research. In this work, we shift the premise and study the problem of information credibility on Sina Weibo, China's leading micro-blogging service provider. With eight times more users than Twitter, Sina Weibo is more of a Facebook-Twitter hybrid than a pure Twitter clone, and exhibits several important characteristics that distinguish it from Twitter. We collect an extensive set of microblogs which have been confirmed to be false rumors based on information from the official rumor-busting service provided by Sina Weibo. Unlike previous studies on Twitter where the labeling of rumors is done manually by the participants of the experiments, the official nature of this service ensures the high quality of the dataset. We then examine an extensive set of features that can be extracted from the microblogs, and train a classifier to automatically detect the rumors from a mixed set of true information and false information. The experiments show that some of the new features we propose are indeed effective in the classification, and even the features considered in previous studies have different implications with Sina Weibo than with Twitter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on rumor analysis and detection on Sina Weibo.
Do severity measures explain differences in length of hospital stay? The case of hip fracture. (1996)

Hospitals differed widely in their mean LOS for hip fracture patients, and severity adjustment did little to explain these differences.
COX-2 and Colorectal Cancer (2003)

Metabolites of arachidonic acid participate in normal growth responses and in aberrant cellular growth and proliferation, including carcinogenesis. The key step in the conversion of free arachidonic acid to prostaglandins is catalyzed by the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX). There are two COX enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is expressed constitutively and is part of normal cell metabolic functions. COX-2, on the other hand, is induced and expressed in neoplastic growths. The connection between COX expression and carcinogenesis was first implicated in studies that demonstrated the efficacy of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce the relative risk of colon cancer and also promote tumor regression in both humans and animal models of colon cancer. Investigation of the molecular basis of these observations showed that high levels of COX-2 protein were present in both human and animal colorectal tumors. A variety of evidence gathered from epidemiological, whole animal, and cellular studies indicate that unregulated COX-2 expression is a rate-limiting step in tumorigenesis and also that the loss of regulation occurs early in carcinogenesis. The interest in the COX-2 enzyme is that specific inhibition of COX-2 could theoretically avoid the gastrointestinal and other complications observed with the use of nonspecific COX inhibitors (most NSAIDs) or COX-1 inhibitors. The mechanisms by which COX-2 inhibitors lead to decreased colon carcinogenesis are not fully understood but they involve an increase not only in COX-2 dependent but also in COX-2 independent mechanisms.
Control-based approach to broadband viscoelastic spectroscopy: PDMS example (2009)

In this article, a novel nanoscale broadband viscoelastic spectroscopy approach is proposed. The proposed approach utilizes the recently developed model-less inversion-based iterative control (MIIC) technique for accurate measurement of the material response to the applied excitation force over a broad frequency band. Current nanomechanical measurement is slow and narrow-banded and thus not capable of measuring rate-dependent phenomena of materials. In the proposed approach, an input force signal with dynamic characteristics of band-limited white-noise is utilized to rapidly excite the nanomechanical response of the material over a broad frequency range. Then, the MIIC technique is used to compensate for the hardware adverse effects, thereby allowing the precise applications of such an excitation force and measurement of the material response (to the applied force). The proposed approach is illustrated by implementing it to measure the creep compliance of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) over a broad frequency range over 3 orders of magnitude.
Clustering with Normalized Information Potential Constrained Maximum Entropy Boltzmann Distribution (2006)

From a probabilistic perspective, the question of clustering is 'what is the probability that two data samples belong to the same cluster?'' Accepting the natural preclustering of samples into corresponding modes of the data probability distribution and answering the question posed above for these modes can reduce the problem complexity. Under the maximum entropy principle, a Boltzmann distribution model can be employed to evaluate the required mode-connectivity probabilities. An algorithm is developed using kernel density estimation in this framework. Its performance is demonstrated on benchmark datasets.
Temporal Pattern of Within-harborage Time and Visiting Frequency in Two Strains of the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica, in Semi-natural Conditions (1997)

A mutant, or(orange body), and the KNIH(Korea National Institute of Health) strain of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica(L.) (Orthoptera: Blattellidae), were observed continuously in semi-natural conditions through video taping and data processing by computers. Male adults were individually observed for 4-5 days in a rectangular-shaped rearing cage with four different microhabitats, allowing observations of behavior such as resting, feeding, drinking and communicating with other individuals. The frequencies of visits to and times spent within harborage were determined. Although there were relatively large variations among individuals, the average stays withing harborage ranged from 47-61% of the total observation time. The duration of within-harborage time was significantly different between maternal origins, while not distinctively different between the strains. Diel differences were observed in body strains. The time spent within harborage was longer in photophase than in scotophase. visiting frequency, which represented local activity around harborage, appeared slightly higher in the or strain than in the KNIH strain, and was significant in the or strain while it was not significant in the KNIH strain. Although there were variations among individuals, similar temporal patterns in some progenies from the same maternal origins were observed in time spent within harborage and in visiting frequency.
WinkTalk: a demonstration of a multimodal speech synthesis platform linking facial expressions to expressive synthetic voices (2012)

This paper describes a demonstration of the WinkTalk system, which is a speech synthe- sis platform using expressive synthetic voices. With the help of a webcamera and facial ex- pression analysis, the system allows the user to control the expressive features of the syn- thetic speech for a particular utterance with their facial expressions. Based on a person- alised mapping between three expressive syn- thetic voices and the users facial expressions, the system selects a voice that matches their face at the moment of sending a message. The WinkTalk system is an early research pro- totype that aims to demonstrate that facial expressions can be used as a more intuitive control over expressive speech synthesis than manual selection of voice types, thereby con- tributing to an improved communication expe- rience for users of speech generating devices.