gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bringing RTK to Cellular Terminals Using a LowCost Single-Frequency AGPS Receiver and Inertial Sensors (2006)

Today an ever-increasing number of handsets come equipped with a GPS receiver and some even with inertial sensors. Moreover, an even higher number of terminals are already capable of connecting to an add-on device with such capabilities. However, the full potential of these devices is not yet exploited. This paper introduces the mobile RTK (mRTK) solution, which can be included in the wireless standards to enable high-precision double-difference carrier phase positioning in handsets at no extra hardware cost. mRTK differs from the current OTF/RTK solutions in that it is a software-only solution using the hardware and wireless connections already existing in handsets. Moreover, the mRTK solution can utilize information from on-board inertial sensors. These are the key differentiating factors compared to the previous solutions. The paper shows that the sensors supplying information on baseline changes during the ambiguity initialization significantly assist the ambiguity resolution. A new communication protocol and messaging was defined in order to be able to exchange information between mRTK-capable handsets. The protocol includes reservations for additional GPS frequencies as well as for other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), such as Galileo. This protocol can be directly included in the wireless standards. Challenges in the current implementation include using only the L1 frequency for ambiguity resolution. Utilizing an L1-only receiver necessarily leads to penalties in the baseline accuracy due to inherent problems in the ambiguity resolution and validation. However, this paper shows that the baseline obtained is still better than the plain difference of positions. This paper shows that the mRTK solution significantly improves A-GPS performance. The mRTK solution also brings near-professional-quality positioning performance to the mass market. It would, therefore, be beneficial to include mRTK in wireless standards in order to expand A-GPS use cases in the short term and A-GNSS use cases in the long term.
An Ergonomic Analysis of the Fulcrum Effect in the Acquisition of Endoscopic Skills (1998)

The fulcrum effect has a major detrimental influence on acquisition of endoscopic skills. Further work is required to investigate the role of image inversion in clinical endoscopic training.
Enhancement of humoral immune responses to a human cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine: Adjuvant effects of aluminum phosphate and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (2003)

A human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gpUL55) DNA vaccine has been evaluated in BALB/c mice. Intramuscular immunization of these mice with pRc/CMV2-gB resulted in the generation of high levels of gpUL55-specific antibody (geometric mean titer [GMT] 1:8900) and neutralizing antibody (GMT 1:74) after 2 booster doses given 5 and 10 weeks after primary inoculation. Emulsifying the construct with the aluminum phosphate gel adjuvant Adju-Phos before immunization enhanced gpUL55-specific antibody responses (GMT 1:17800, P = 0.04). Co-immunization with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides was shown to enhance levels of neutralizing antibodies generated by immunization of mice with a pRc/CMV2-gB/Adju-Phos emulsion (P = 0.04). The results provide a rationale for evaluating combinations of other HCMV proteins for incorporation into a multi-target DNA vaccine, and for the optimization of adjuvant usage, to elicit enhanced levels of neutralizing antibodies. 2003.
Use of somatotropin in livestock production (1989)

Use of somatotropin in livestock production , Use of somatotropin in livestock production , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Prognostic Impact of Micrometastatic Tumor Cells in the Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow of Patients With Completely Resected Stage I Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2002)

The detection of lymph nodal micrometastatic tumor cells provides an accurate assessment of tumor staging and has powerful prognostic implications for completely resected stage I NSCLC patients.
Tissue reaction to three ceramics of porous and non‐porous structures (1972)

Abstract In this investigation, ceramics were studied to determine their role as rigid, abrasive implants in soft, living tissue. Discs and tubes of three ceramics, CaO·Al 2 O 3 , CaO·TiO 2 , and CaO·ZrO 2 , were introduced as porous and non‐porous structures into muscle and connective tissue sites in rabbits. The animals were observed grossly to determine the duration of redness and swelling following surgery, and samples were retrieved at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months after implantation. A mild, acute inflammatory response immediately followed the implantation of all three materials in both the porous and non‐porous forms. Histological sections of the ceramics and surrounding tissue, cut and stained for light microscopy, demonstrated the absence of inflammatory cells and revealed the normal morphology and organization of the cells present around all types of implants tested. Tissue around discs of porous ceramics healed faster and exhibited thinner fibrous encapsulations than with impervious discs of the same material. Healthy fibrous connective tissue with an ample blood supply occupied those implants with pores of 45–100 mμ, and even more rapidly filled the samples with a 100‐ to 150‐μ pore size. The tissue ingrowth and tight adherence to the porous samples was believed responsible for the more moderate response to porous implants. No adverse responses of any kind were observed, except in a very few, atypical specimens.
Physics‐based shape matching for intraoperative image guidance (2014)

The PBSM approach for surface matching is fast, robust, and accurate. As the technique is based on a preoperative volumetric FE model, it naturally recovers the position of volumetric structures (e.g., tumors and vessels). It cannot only be used to recover soft-tissue deformations from intraoperative surface models but can also be combined with landmark data from volumetric imaging. In addition to applications in laparoscopic surgery, the method might prove useful in other areas that require soft-tissue registration from sparse intraoperative sensor data (e.g., radiation therapy).
Veterinary Vehicles: Born in Iowa, Part II (1993)

(This is the second in a series of articles spotlighting Iowa's major contribution in the area of production of on-site veterinary equipment). The mainstay of commercially available mobile veterinary vehicles is doubtlessly the pickup truck-based veterinary "box". Two companies dominate the design, production and marketing of these units and they are both proudly based in Iowa. These two manufacturers will be separately highlighted in this and the upcoming issue of The Iowa State Veterinarian.
Patterns for the secure and reliable execution of processes (2008)

The controlled interaction of processes in a computing environment is fundamental for its security and reliability. Processes can be attacked by other processes or by external clients, errors in one process can propagate to others. We show here three patterns that can help provide a secure and reliable execution environment although they need to be complemented with other patterns. They include Protected Entry Points, which control the correct use of entry points according to their signatures (type and length of parameters); and Protection Rings, which control the calls between processes, enforcing constraints on entry points and signatures according to the level of trust in the processes. Finally, the Multilevel Secure Partitions (MSP) pattern, confines execution of a process to a system partition that has a specific confidentiality or integrity level.
High-quality germanium dioxide thin films with low interface state density using a direct neutral beam oxidation process (2012)

High-quality germanium dioxide (GeO2) as a gate oxide is in high demand for use in future high mobility Ge-channel field-effect transistors. GeO2 thin films were directly formed by using a damage-free and low-temperature process of neutral beam oxidation (NBO) after treatment with hydrogen (H) radicals. GeO2 thin films (equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) = 1.7 nm) with a high-quality interface and an extremely low interface state density (&lt;1 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1) could be formed even at low temperature (300 °C) by combining the H radical treatment, which resulted in the removal of native oxides, with the NBO process we developed.
Cross-linking of DNA induced by chloroethyinitrosourea is prevented by O<sup>6</sup>-methyiguanine-DNA methyttransferase (1983)

The DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase has been used as a reagent to analyse the initial reaction sites of alkylating agents such as chloroethylnitrosourea that cross-link DNA. The transferase can be employed for this purpose because it removes substituted ethyl groups from DNA, as shown by its ability to act on O6-hydroxyethylguanine residues in DNA. The enzyme counteracts the formation of interstrand cross-links induced by bis-chloroethylnitrosourea, but not those induced by nitrogen mustard. Once formed, chloroethylnitrosourea-induced cross-links are not broken by the enzyme. In agreement with deductions from experiments with living cells, it is concluded that chloroethylnitrosourea act by forming reactive monoadducts at the O6 position of guanine and/or the O4 position of thymine, which subsequently generate -CH2CH2- bridges to the complementary DNA strand. A new method for quantitating interstrand cross-links in DNA has been employed.
Salicylic Acid Peels for the Treatment of Photoaging (1998)

Several chemical agents are currently used to perform superficial chemical peels of the face. These include trichloracetic acid (15-30%), alpha-hydroxy acids (e.g., glycolic acid, 40-70%), and Jessner's solution (14% lactic acid, 14% resorcinol, and 14% salicylic acid). We have developed salicylic acid, a beta-hydroxy acid, at a higher strength (30% in a hydro-ethanolic vehicle) as an alternative peel. This peel has distinct advantages for resurfacing moderately photodamaged facial skin. We have peeled patients singly and multiply at 4-week intervals. The benefits are fading of pigment spots, decreased surface roughness, and reduction of fine lines.
Reactive power compensation using switching cell structured direct PWM AC-AC converter (2016)

In this study, a new topology, using switching cell structured direct pulse width modulation (PWM) ac-ac converter, is proposed for reactive power compensation. A reactive power compensator using conventional ac-ac converters has been recently introduced. It realizes the concept of the chopper-controlled impedance (CCI) to get variable reactive power compensation. When compared with conventional solutions such as static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) and static Var compensators (SVCs), this approach is a low-power-loss solution and requires a low volume of reactive elements, a fact that makes this solution very attractive in high-power systems. However, this approach suffers from the commutation problem due to the ac switches of the converter. Unlike compensators using conventional ac-ac converters, the ac-ac converters of the proposed scheme adopt a basic switching cell (SC) structure and use coupled inductors to implement the phase legs of the converters. As a result, the ac-ac converters can be short- and open-circuited without damaging the switching devices. Neither the lossy RC snubber nor dedicated soft commutation strategy is required in the proposed scheme. This fact makes this compensator a more reliable system. To verify its performances, simulation and experiment results are shown for single-phase system.
Frequency tuning for stimulated four-photon mixing by bending-induced birefringence in a single-mode fiber (1982)

A new type of frequency tuning for stimulated four-photon mixing is demonstrated using bending-induced birefringence in a single-mode fiber. It is experimentally verified that the frequency shift of the Stokes emission is tuned by approximately 100 cm−1 via the bending-induced birefringence in the spectral region around 1 μm. This will provide a new application of a birefringent fiber to a optical frequency generator.
Antimicrobial Peptides from Fish (2014)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found widely distributed through Nature, and participate in the innate host defense of each species. Fish are a great source of these peptides, as they express all of the major classes of AMPs, including defensins, cathelicidins, hepcidins, histone-derived peptides, and a fish-specific class of the cecropin family, called piscidins. As with other species, the fish peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, killing both fish and human pathogens. They are also immunomodulatory, and their genes are highly responsive to microbes and innate immuno-stimulatory molecules. Recent research has demonstrated that some of the unique properties of fish peptides, including their ability to act even in very high salt concentrations, make them good potential targets for development as therapeutic antimicrobials. Further, the stimulation of their gene expression by exogenous factors could be useful in preventing pathogenic microbes in aquaculture.
A natural language processor for querying CINDI (2002)

In this paper, we present our work in querying a Virtual Library database using natural language (NL) questions rather than queries formulated in a formal language. Recent advances in question-answering (QA) have made it possible to answer a question formulated in natural language and locate the answer in a document collection. However, the performance of these systems is not currently high enough to be useful in everyday systems. By using QA techniques to analyse questions, but leaving out the document analysis, we believe that the performance of such a system would be high enough to be used on a daily-basis. The system we are currently developing initially analyses incoming questions formulated in NL. Questions are tagged, lemmatised, parsed and are finally represented by a 3tuple: a question-word (&quot;who&quot;), a focus verb (&quot;wrote&quot;) and a discriminant (&quot;the Old Man and the Sea&quot;). Then, using general lexical and semantic relations such as those found in WordNet, we map the question representation to a meta-representation of the database to translate the NL question into a set of SQL queries. We believe that using state-of-the-art NL techniques in QA and rich lexical resources will allow us to build a system that is domain independent and outperforms previous approaches to NL interfaces to database systems.
The discharge behaviour of single vasoconstrictor motoneurones in human muscle nerves. (1994)

1. The discharge behaviour of fourteen single sympathetic vasoconstrictor efferents was studied using a tungsten microelectrode inserted percutaneously into a motor fascicle of the radial or peroneal nerve in eight awake supine subjects. Units were classified as vasoconstrictor because their firing properties correlated appropriately to changes in cardiac interval and arterial pressure. 2. On average, individual vasoconstrictor units discharged in only 21% of heart beats, with an overall mean frequency of 0.47 Hz. Usually only one spike was generated per cardiac cycle. Calculated from cardiac cycles in which a unit fired from two to seven spikes, the mean within-burst firing rate was 18.8 +/- 2.5 Hz (mean +/- S.E.M.); but instantaneous frequencies above 50 Hz were occasionally observed. 3. Measured from a defined R-wave of the ECG, the spike onset latency varied over 358 +/- 33 ms, suggesting considerable variation of synaptic delays in the baroreflex arc. This latency had a relatively uniform temporal relationship with the burst onset or peak latency, compatible with a fixed recruitment order of individual sympathetic neurones. 4. In view of the low average firing rate of individual units we suggest that the variable instantaneous firing rates may optimize the contractile responses of vascular smooth muscle.
Flocculation characteristics of grafted and ungrafted starch, amylose, and amylopectin (1997)

Graft copolymers of starch, amylose, and amylopectin with polyacrylamide have been synthesized using a ceric-ion-initiated solution polymerization technique. In the case of amylopectin-g-polyacrylamide (Ap-g-PAM), four graft copolymers have been synthesized with variation in the number and length of grafted polyacrylamide chains. The flocculation behavior has been studied in a 0.25% kaolin suspension. It has been found that among the three graft copolymers of the starch family, Ap-g-PAM is the best flocculating agent compared to starch-g-polyacrylamide (St-g-PAM) and amylose-g-polyacrylamide (Am-g-PAM). Among the series of Ap-g-PAM, the one with fewer but longer polyacrylamide chains has been found to be the most effective flocculant. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1721–1729, 1997
TUNABLE MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS USING BST THIN FILM CAPACITORS WITH DEVICE STRUCTURE OPTIMIZATION (2005)

ABSTRACT The mechanism of losses in barium strontium titanate (BST) thin film capacitors is analyzed at the device level. A geometry dependent RF model is used to minimize the electrode loss. Results show the capacitors' RF quality factors can be further optimized through geometry. A tunable filter and a phase shifter are demonstrated using these design techniques. Successful integration of the BST process with GaN HEMT circuits in the form of a 5 GHz GaN HEMT oscillator is presented. BST thin film technology is shown to be useful for the design of frequency agile circuits and reduction of layout areas in various microwave applications.
Switchable rectifier built with Pt/TiOx/Pt trilayer (2009)

The switchable rectifier built with Pt/TiOx/Pt was proposed and the reproducible rectification switching was demonstrated. The rectification switching is considered to be originated from the electrical control of the oxygen vacancy concentration at the interfaces between Pt and TiOx and resultant variations in the Schottky barrier height. The electrode area dependence of the current conduction after the rectification switching revealed that this switching occurs at the almost entire interface region. The reproducible switching in the Pt/TiOx/Pt rectifier is demonstrated by changing the polarity of the pulse voltage, evidencing the excellent functionality of the engineered metal/oxide interface.
THE INFLUENCE OF NONCOMPLEMENTARY BASES ON THE STABILITY OF ORDERED POLYNUCLEOTIDES (1964)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The nucleotide sequence of rat liver fatty acid binding protein mRNA. (1983)

Rat liver fatty acid binding protein mRNA is present in both liver and intestinal epithelium. It is the most abundant mRNA in the small intestinal mucosa. We have determined the sequence of this mRNA from cloned cDNA. It consists of a 5'-nontranslated domain at least 39 nucleotides long, a coding region which specifies a 127-amino acid, 14,184-dalton polypeptide, and a 3'-nontranslated region 68 nucleotides long. An AAUAAA sequence begins 21 nucleotides before the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail. The derived protein sequence was verified by automated sequential Edman degradation of (i) the primary translation product of the mRNA and (ii) a cyanogen bromide peptide generated from the mature liver protein. Evidence is presented which suggests that this protein is targeted to the cytoplasm. The NH2 terminus of the primary translation product is acetylated in vitro. No cleavable signal peptide sequence or internal signal sequence equivalent was detectable in a co-translational cleavage assay. Cloned cDNA was used to establish that this mRNA was 12 times more abundant in intestinal epithelial than in liver RNA.
Sequence-Based Design of Single-Copy Genomic DNA Probes for Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (2001)

Chromosomal rearrangements are frequently monitored by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using large, recombinant DNA probes consisting of contiguous genomic intervals that are often distant from disease loci. We developed smaller, targeted, single-copy probes directly from the human genome sequence. These single-copy FISH (scFISH) probes were designed by computational sequence analysis of approximately 100-kb genomic sequences. ScFISH probes are produced by long PCR, then purified, labeled, and hybridized individually or in combination to human chromosomes. Preannealing or blocking with unlabeled, repetitive DNA is unnecessary, as scFISH probes lack repetitive DNA sequences. The hybridization results are analogous to conventional FISH, except that shorter probes can be readily visualized. Combinations of probes from the same region gave single hybridization signals on metaphase chromosomes. ScFISH probes are produced directly from genomic DNA, and thus more quickly than by recombinant DNA techniques. We developed single-copy probes for three chromosomal regions-the CDC2L1 (chromosome 1p36), MAGEL2 (chromosome 15q11.2), and HIRA (chromosome 22q11.2) genes-and show their utility for FISH. The smallest probe tested was 2290 bp in length. To assess the potential utility of scFISH for high-resolution analysis, we determined chromosomal distributions of such probes. Single-copy intervals of this length or greater are separated by an average of 29.2 and 22.3 kb on chromosomes 21 and 22, respectively. This indicates that abnormalities seen on metaphase chromosomes could be characterized with scFISH probes at a resolution greater than previously possible.
Taming of the ring (2002)

Taming of the Ring is an interactive system that lessens the problems of social disturbance caused by cell phone communication. As cell phone usage levels increase, social disturbance becomes an increasingly important issue. Callers and receivers have a need to discretely handle phone communication in delicate social situations. Early cell phone usage observations led to an interaction model hypothesis. A functional prototype was created to test the concept in the field. Preliminary results indicate that both calling and receiving users want more responsibility and control when placing phone calls, and that two remotely-mediated options, "hold" and "meeting," were enough to fill this communication need in the majority of situations.
Sociedad en transformación (1994)

There are some grounds for revisiting the concept of manic-melancholic disorder put forward by Rafaelsen. The changes in the incidence of postpartum psychoses may have a wider significance for the affective disorders in general.