gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematologic Remission and Cytogenetic Improvement Induced by Recombinant Human Interferon Alpha<sub>A</sub>in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (1986)

We treated 17 patients who had Philadelphia-chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (4 of whom had not received therapy and 13 of whom had been treated with hydroxyurea or busulfan for less than six months) with recombinant human interferon alpha A (Roferon-A). The interferon was given as 5 X 10(6) units per square meter of body-surface area per day intramuscularly during induction therapy. Fourteen patients responded to the treatment, of whom 13 had a hematologic remission and 1 had a partial hematologic remission. The median number of white cells in those patients declined from 60.9 X 10(3) to 3.4 X 10(3) per microliter, and the median number of platelets decreased from 476 X 10(3) to 231 X 10(3) per microliter. Among the five responding patients who had splenomegaly before treatment, the spleen size returned to normal in four and decreased by 75 percent in one, although it remained enlarged. Bone marrow cellularity declined from a median of 92.5 percent to a median of 57.5 percent. In six of the patients with hematologic remission, complete suppression of Philadelphia cells was observed on at least one examination. Of the 14 patients who responded, 11 have received the interferon therapy for 9 to 15 months. One patient relapsed during the treatment, and the treatment has been temporarily interrupted in two patients because of toxicity. These data are preliminary and will need further confirmation, but they suggest that recombinant human interferon alpha A is effective in inducing hematologic remission in most patients with benign-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia and in suppressing the Philadelphia chromosome in some of these patients.
Kinetic resolution of racemic α-olefins with <i>ansa</i> -zirconocene polymerization catalysts: Enantiomorphic site vs. chain end control (2006)

Copolymerization of racemic alpha-olefins with ethylene and propylene was carried out in the presence of enantiopure C1-symmetric ansa metallocene, {1,2-(SiMe2)2(eta5-C5H-3,5-(CHMe2)2)(eta5-C5H3)}ZrCl2 to probe the effect of the polymer chain end on enantioselection for the R- or S-alpha-olefin during the kinetic resolution by polymerization catalysis. Copolymerizations with ethylene revealed that the polymer chain end is an important factor in the enantioselection of the reaction and that for homopolymerization, chain end control generally works cooperatively with enantiomorphic site control. Results from propylene copolymerizations suggested that chain end control arising from a methyl group at the beta carbon along the main chain can drastically affect selectivity, but its importance as a stereo-directing element depends on the identity of the olefin.
Serial Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alters Mucosal Gene Expression in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis (2015)

Kellermayer, Richard MD, PhD; Nagy-Szakal, Dorottya MD; Harris, Alan R PhD; Luna, Ruth Ann PhD; Pitashny, Milena MD; Schady, Deborah MD; Mir, Sabina A V MD; Lopez, Monica E MD; Gilger, Mark A MD; Belmont, John MD, PhD; Hollister, Emily B PhD; Versalovic, James MD, PhD Author Information
2011 SRSA Presidential Address: Knowns, Unknowns, and Impacts (2011)

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the SRSA, Jackson sums up what we regional scientists know at this stage in the field’s development.
On the ultimate potential of symbol-rate optimization for increasing system maximum reach (2015)

We investigate the reach-increase obtained by optimizing the transmission symbol rate. We show that for PM-QPSK systems at full-C-band the increase may be larger than obtained through ideal single-channel backward-propagation, and similar for PM-16QAM.
Subthreshold swings below 60 mV/dec in three-terminal nanojunctions at room temperature (2012)

Subthreshold swings below the thermal limit of 60 mV/dec are demonstrated in a three-terminal nanojunction (TTJ) at room temperature. The T-shaped TTJ with a 50 nm wide center branch was based on a modulation-doped GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure and was defined by electron-beam lithography and wet chemical etching. Operated as in-plane gated field-effect transistor, transistor characteristics were demonstrated. Efficient switching with subthreshold swings smaller than 40 mV/dec was observed. These findings are attributed to a dynamic gate capacitance which improves the switching properties of the device significantly.
The ENIAC (1948)

The eniac is the only electronic large-scale general-purpose digital computing device now in operation. Its speed of operation compares favorably with other electric and mechanical computers. Developed under wartime pressure, it has been of value not only in producing results but in pointing the way toward improvements for future designs.
SVARAP and aSVARAP: simple tools for quantitative analysis of nucleotide and amino acid variability and primer selection for clinical microbiology (2006)

SVARAP and aSVARAP are simple, versatile and helpful tools for analysis of sequence variability, and are currently being used in real practice in our clinical microbiology laboratory.
Methyl Alkyl Silicones. A New Class of Lubricants (1966)

A new family of lubricants, hybrids between silicones and hydrocarbons, is introduced and characterized. The physical properties of representative members of the series are presented and their exceptional lubricating ability is shown. A possible mechanism for such lubricity is postulated.
A 25MHz 7&#x03BC;W/MHz ultra-low-voltage microcontroller SoC in 65nm LP/GP CMOS for low-carbon wireless sensor nodes (2012)

The vision of the Internet of Things with ambient intelligence calls for the deployment of up to a trillion connected wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). Minimizing the carbon footprint of each node is paramount from the sustainability perspective. In ultra-low-power applications, the life-cycle carbon footprint results from a complex balance between both embodied and use-phase energies [1]. The embodied energy arises mainly from CMOS chip manufacturing, and is essentially proportional to die area. Use-phase energy depends on both active and sleep-mode power, because of long stand-by periods in WSNs. In this paper, we present an ultra-low-power 25MHz microcontroller SoC that fully exploits the versatility of a 65nm CMOS process with a low-power/general-purpose (LP/GP) transistor mix (dual-core oxide) to obtain: i) 7μW/MHz active power consumption due to a 0.4V ultra-low-voltage (ULV) thin-core-oxide (GP) CPU supplied by a 78%-efficiency embedded DC/DC converter; ii) 0.66mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die area for low embodied energy due to a compact converter design and a dual-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> architecture, enabling the use of the foundry's 1V high-density 6T SRAM bitcell; and, iii) 1.5μW sleep-mode power due to body-biased sleep transistors embedded into the converter and thick-core-oxide (LP) MOSFETs for retentive SRAM and always-on peripherals (AOP). Moreover, an on-chip adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) system controlling the converter ensures safe 25MHz operation at ULV for all PVT conditions. A multi-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> clock tree is also proposed to achieve reliable timing closure with low-power SoC features. Finally, a glitch-masking instruction cache (I$) is implemented to reduce the access power of the 1V program memory (PMEM).
Magnetoacoustic Tomography With Magnetic Induction: Bioimepedance Reconstruction Through Vector Source Imaging (2013)

Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) is a technique proposed to reconstruct the conductivity distribution in biological tissue at ultrasound imaging resolution. A magnetic pulse is used to generate eddy currents in the object, which in the presence of a static magnetic field induces Lorentz force based acoustic waves in the medium. This time resolved acoustic waves are collected with ultrasound transducers and, in the present work, these are used to reconstruct the current source which gives rise to the MAT-MI acoustic signal using vector imaging point spread functions. The reconstructed source is then used to estimate the conductivity distribution of the object. Computer simulations and phantom experiments are performed to demonstrate conductivity reconstruction through vector source imaging in a circular scanning geometry with a limited bandwidth finite size piston transducer. The results demonstrate that the MAT-MI approach is capable of conductivity reconstruction in a physical setting.
Response of oral leukoplakia to beta-carotene. (1990)

Leukoplakia is associated with increased risk of oral cancer and is considered a premalignant lesion. Retinoids, particularly 13-cis retinoic acid, can frequently reverse leukoplakia. However, these drugs have considerable toxicity and are not suitable for large-scale use in the prevention of oral cancer. Beta-carotene is a naturally occurring, nontoxic carotenoid with biologic properties that suggest that it might be efficacious against oral leukoplakia. In 1986, we began a randomized study of 13-cis retinoic acid (1 mg/kg/d) versus beta-carotene (30 mg/d) in leukoplakia. However, owing to the marked differences in toxicity between the two compounds outlined in the consent form, 11 of the initial 16 eligible patients refused to participate unless they were "guaranteed" beta-carotene. Therefore, the study design was changed to a phase II trial of beta-carotene in which the compound was given daily for 3 months. Responding patients were continued for another 3 months of treatment. All lesions were examined histologically at entry. Responses were monitored by bidimensional measurements and photography done at entry, then monthly while on treatment and at study completion. Twenty-four evaluable patients were treated, and 17 had major responses (two complete, 15 partial), a response rate of 71% (95% confidence limits, 53% to 89%). There was no significant toxicity requiring drug discontinuation or dose reduction. These results indicate that beta-carotene has substantial activity in oral premalignancy. Because of its lack of toxicity, it is an excellent candidate for a preventive agent for oral cancer.
Evidence for the pathway to pantothenate in plants (1994)

A protocol to separate the intermediates on the biosynthetic pathway to pantothenate on HPLC is described. Feeding experiments with L-[U- 14 C]valine to pea leaf disks result in incorporation of radioactivity into 2-ketoisovalerate, ketopantoyl lactone, and pantoyl lactone, providing the first experimental evidence that the biosynthetic pathway to pantothenate is the same in plants and bacteria.
Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts Are as Efficient as Mouse Fibroblasts as a Feeder Layer to Improve Human Epidermal Cell Culture Lifespan (2013)

A fibroblast feeder layer is currently the best option for large scale expansion of autologous skin keratinocytes that are to be used for the treatment of severely burned patients. In a clinical context, using a human rather than a mouse feeder layer is desirable to reduce the risk of introducing animal antigens and unknown viruses. This study was designed to evaluate if irradiated human fibroblasts can be used in keratinocyte cultures without affecting their morphological and physiological properties. Keratinocytes were grown either with or without a feeder layer in serum-containing medium. Our results showed that keratinocytes grown either on an irradiated human feeder layer or irradiated 3T3 cells (i3T3) can be cultured for a comparable number of passages. The average epithelial cell size and morphology were also similar. On the other hand, keratinocytes grown without a feeder layer showed heavily bloated cells at early passages and stop proliferating after only a few passages. On the molecular aspect, the expression level of the transcription factor Sp1, a useful marker of keratinocytes lifespan, was maintained and stabilized for a high number of passages in keratinocytes grown with feeder layers whereas Sp1 expression dropped quickly without a feeder layer. Furthermore, gene profiling on microarrays identified potential target genes whose expression is differentially regulated in the absence or presence of an i3T3 feeder layer and which may contribute at preserving the growth characteristics of these cells. Irradiated human dermal fibroblasts therefore provide a good human feeder layer for an effective expansion of keratinocytes in vitro that are to be used for clinical purposes.
Cellulite: A New Treatment Approach Combining Subdermal Nd: YAG Laser Lipolysis and Autologous Fat Transplantation (2008)

The treatment of severe cases of cellulite (Curri grades III and IV) by a combination of 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser lipolysis and autologous fat transplantation proved to be both safe and effective. In addition, subdermal laser lipolysis has the advantage of inducing neocollagenesis and stimulating postoperative skin tightening. This represents a new treatment option for the ubiquitous cellulite disorder. Although this treatment has shown promising results in this pilot study, further studies are necessary in order to draw final conclusions.
Mesoporous Titania Spheres with Tunable Chamber Stucture and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity (2007)

Urchinlike TiO2 spheres with tunable chamber structure were synthesized using a template-free solvothermal method. The unique sphere-in-sphere chamber structure allows multiple reflections of UV light resulting in greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity. This work provided novel structural platforms for novel materials and device applications.
Testing of GPS Augmented with Pseudolites for Precision Approach Applications (1994)

In theory, pseudolites (PLs) can be configured to transmit
compatible GPS-like signals for augmenting the satellite
constellation, similar to signals designed for the Wide
Area Augmentation System (WAAS), providing integrity
warning information and enhancing navigation accuracy
through improved geometry and differential GPS (DGPS)
support (code and carrier). While many technical issues
are often raised concerning their use (e.g. the near/far
signal interference problem, aircraft antemm
requirements, etc.), PLs are now being evaluated for a
potential role in enhancing GPS to meet precision
approach requirements for accuracy, integrity and
availability in the U.S. National Airspace System and
elsewhere. Research is in progress to vigorously assess
the reality of issues relating to PL usage and to
investigate the effectiveness of proposed methods to
solving or mitigating them.
This paper discusses a PL signal structure which is
designed to operate within the GPS Ll frequency band
increase the message data rate to 50N bps (up to N=20)
and significantly mitigate the near/far issue. The results
of using realistic GPS and PL signal generators for
testing the performance of several commercial receivers
with a PL signal present are given. Initial flight test
results are presented for the PL data link performance at
250 bps during terminal area operations using a GSV-
1003 (DGPS/WAAS/PL capable) receiver. Plans for
subsequent full scale testing to assess navigation
performance and implementation issues with code and/or
carrier-based DGPS/PL operations are also outlined.
The Changing Disease-Scape in the Third Epidemiological Transition (2010)

The epidemiological transition model describes the changing relationship between humans and their diseases. The first transition occurred with the shift to agriculture about 10,000 YBP, resulting in a pattern of infectious and nutritional diseases still evident today. In the last two centuries, some populations have undergone a second transition, characterized by a decline in infectious disease and rise in degenerative disease. We are now in the throes of a third epidemiological transition, in which a resurgence of familiar infections is accompanied by an array of novel diseases, all of which have the potential to spread rapidly due to globalization.
Partial purification and functional expression of brain mRNAs coding for neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-operated channels. (1984)

Poly(A)+ mRNAs extracted from embryonic chicken brain and from adult rat brain were fractionated on sucrose density gradients. The fractions were subsequently injected into Xenopus oocytes where the mRNA was translated. The products were processed and incorporated into the oocyte membrane where they formed functional neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-operated channels. Different mRNA fractions induced the incorporation of different transmitter receptors and voltage-operated channels into the oocyte membrane. These experiments provide a useful step towards the understanding of the structure and function of neurotransmitter receptors and channels.
The role of side-chain interactions in the early steps of aggregation: Molecular dynamics simulations of an amyloid-forming peptide from the yeast prion Sup35 (2003)

Understanding the early steps of aggregation at atomic detail might be crucial for the rational design of therapeutics preventing diseases associated with amyloid deposits. In this paper, aggregation of the heptapeptide GNNQQNY, from the N-terminal prion-determining domain of the yeast protein Sup35, was studied by 20 molecular dynamics runs for a total simulation time of 20 micros. The simulations generate in-register parallel packing of GNNQQNY beta-strands that is consistent with x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared data. The statistically preferred aggregation pathway does not correspond to a purely downhill profile of the energy surface because of the presence of enthalpic barriers that originate from out-of-register interactions. The parallel beta-sheet arrangement is favored over the antiparallel because of side-chain contacts; in particular, stacking interactions of the tyrosine rings and hydrogen bonds between amide groups. No ordered aggregation was found in control simulations with the mutant sequence SQNGNQQRG in accord with experimental data and the strong sequence dependence of aggregation.
A solid-state intraoperative probe system (2002)

Intraoperative beta probes must be capable of detecting relatively small amounts of radionuclide in an environment where a significant photon background exists. The probe system in this investigation consisted of two stacked ion-implanted-silicon detectors. The rear detector served as a photon monitor, whose data and very good beta detection capabilities was used to correct for photon contamination present in the front detector's readings. Miniaturized electronics for the operation of the detectors were housed in the handle of the probe wand. The amplified signals from these electronics were sent to a power and processing module where the pulses were pulse-height discriminated. This unit also housed the rechargeable lead-acid batteries used to power the system. The two channels of TTL pulse data created by the discriminators were input to a laptop computer where the they were processed and displayed. Beta and photon detection sensitivities were measured using Fluorine-18 (positron emitter) and Indium-111 (conversion electron emitter). The probe was found to have a positron detection sensitivity (Fluorine-18) of 7.21/spl plusmn/0.11 cps/nCi and a 0.0004/spl plusmn/0.0389 cps/nCi photon detection sensitivity. The measured electron detection sensitivity (Indium-111) was 1.42/spl plusmn/0.04 cps/nCi, detected photon sensitivity was 0.0034/spl plusmn/0.020 cps/nCi. The very good beta sensitivity and low photon sensitivity indicate that this system may be a useful aid for performing radionuclide-guided cancer surgeries using either positron or electron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals.
Extracellular matrix inhibits apoptosis and enhances endothelial cell differentiation by a NF?B-dependent mechanism (1999)

Hormonal and environmental factors that control the growth, differentiation, and regression of the vasculature are of fundamental importance in tumorigenesis and in the choice of therapeutic strategies. To test the hypothesis that estradiol (E2) and basement membrane proteins would affect the survival of vascular endothelial cells (EC), immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV304) were examined for their response to the chemotherapeutic drugs taxol and etoposide. ECV cell apoptosis was inhibited by E2 (taxol only) or attachment to extracellular matrix (ECM) (taxol or etoposide). E2 increased ECV growth, while ECM binding resulted in growth arrest and differentiation. Apoptosis was associated with decreased levels of Bcl-2 and p21 proteins. E2 prevented down-regulation of p21 and Bcl-2 induced by taxol but did not prevent the down-regulation of p21 induced by etoposide, consistent with the failure of E2 to inhibit etoposide-induced cell death. However, ECM prevented p21 and Bcl-2 down-regulation induced by taxol or etoposide. Persistent activation of NFkappaB occurred after attachment of ECV cells to ECM, suggesting a role in survival or differentiation. IkappaBalpha levels were not affected by taxol but were reduced by etoposide treatment, while IkappaBbeta levels did not change with drug treatment. E2 did not alter the levels of IkappaBalpha or IkappaBbeta. Interestingly, levels of IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta declined in etoposide-treated ECV cells on ECM concomitant with the elevation of NFkappaB, suggesting that in these cells degradation of IkappaB may be responsible for NFkappaB activation. In agreement with these data, anti-sense NFkappaB treatment of ECV cells inhibited differentiation on ECM, but did not affect cell survival. In conclusion, culture of ECV cells on ECM or treatment with E2 inhibited apoptosis. NFkappaB activation by ECM was necessary for cellular differentiation, rather than inhibition, of apoptosis.
Low‐frequency ultrasound treatment of chronic venous ulcers (1997)

In a randomized controlled clinical trial, the properties of low-frequency ultrasound in the treatment of chronic venous ulcers were investigated. Thirty-eight patients with chronic ulcerations of the legs caused by chronic venous insufficiency were randomly assigned to receive either conventional therapy alone or conventional therapy plus additional 30 kHz ultrasound treatment. Patients with other conditions that may impair wound healing such as diabetes mellitus or arterial disease were excluded. The ultrasound treatment consisted of 10 minutes of foot bathing with application of 30 kHz ultrasound 100 mW/cm(2) three times a week. Response was evaluated with the use of planimetry of the ulcer area and compared with controls after 3 and 8 weeks. After 3 weeks of treatment (and to a greater extent after 8 weeks of treatment) the ultrasound group showed a markedly better response than the control group. Although the control group showed a mean decrease of 11% in the ulcerated area after 8 weeks, in the ultrasound group the mean ulcerated area decreased by 41% (p < 0.05). There were only mild side effects in some of the patients treated with ultrasound. In conclusion, application of low-frequency ultrasound may be a helpful treatment option in chronic venous leg ulcers.
Empirical Study of Deep Learning for Text Classification in Legal Document Review (2018)

Predictive coding has been widely used in legal matters to find relevant or privileged documents in large sets of electronically stored information. It saves the time and cost significantly. Logistic Regression (LR) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) are two popular machine learning algorithms used in predictive coding. Recently, deep learning received a lot of attentions in many industries. This paper reports our preliminary studies in using deep learning in legal document review. Specifically, we conducted experiments to compare deep learning results with results obtained using a SVM algorithm on the four datasets of real legal matters. Our results showed that CNN performed better with larger volume of training dataset and should be a fit method in the text classification in legal industry.