gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Reduced Glutathione on Acute Lung Injury in Rats (2012)

Objective:To study the protective effects of reduced glutathione on acute lung injury(ALI) in rats.Methods:Twenty-four SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly.One group was non-operation group.Hemorrhagic shock models were performed in both model control group and study group.Then the shock rats were resuscitated in 20 min.Reduced glutathione was used in study group during resuscitation.The arterial blood of rats was taken in different time to determine the plasma tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) concentration.The amount of pulmonary alveolar macrophages(PAM) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMN) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were counted at the end of experiment.At the same time,the protein contents in BALF and superoxide dismutase(SOD) contents in lung tissues were measured,and the water ratio of lung tissues was calculated.The histological morphology of lung tissues were examined under optical microscope.Results: Compared with non-operation group,in study group and model control group,TNF-α concentration,the protein contents and the amount of PMN in BALF,and the water ratio in lung tissues went up obviously after resuscitation;SOD contents of lung tissues went down,more significantly in model control group.Lung tissue edema and neutrophil accumulation have be observed both in model control group and study group,but the changes in the latter were less serious.Conclusions: Reduced glutathione has protective effects on ALI in SD rats.
Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Alginate Lyase from<i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>M-1 (1995)

An alginate lyase from the culture supernatant of Enterobacter cloacae M-1 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation-exchange chromatography (SP-Toyopearl), and gel filtration (Ultrogel AcA44). The final preparation thus obtained showed a single band on SDS-PAGE. The purified enzyme had the molecular weight of 38,000 and 32,000 by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, respectively. The pI of the enzyme was 8.9. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme reaction were around 7.8 and 30 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was unstable on heating. EDTA completely inhibited the enzyme activity, but the activity was completely restored by the treatment with CaCl2. The enzyme was specific for poly-guluronate and produced several kinds of unsaturated oligomers from the gluluronate. This suggested that the enzyme could be classified as an endo poly-guluronate lyase.
Oral Immunotherapy in Paraplegic Patients with Chronic Urinary Tract Infections: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (1990)

In a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with cross-over, we investigated the efficacy and tolerance of an orally administered bacterial extract in 70 spinal cord injury patients with chronic lower urinary tract infections. In the treated patients, compared to those given placebo, there was a statistically significant decrease in the degree of bacteriuria, a considerably decreased incidence of infectious episodes and a lesser requirement for antibiotics.
Advanced Quantum Based Neural Network Classifier and Its Application for Objectionable Web Content Filtering (2019)

In this paper, an Advanced Quantum-based Neural Network Classifier (AQNN) is proposed. The proposed AQNN is used to form an objectionable Web content filtering system (OWF). The aim is to design a neural network with a few numbers of hidden layer neurons with the optimal connection weights and the threshold of neurons. The proposed algorithm uses the concept of quantum computing and genetic concept to evolve connection weights and the threshold of neurons. Quantum computing uses qubit as a probabilistic representation which is the smallest unit of information in the quantum computing concept. In this algorithm, a threshold boundary parameter is also introduced to find the optimal value of the threshold of neurons. The proposed algorithm forms neural network architecture which is used to form an objectionable Web content filtering system which detects objectionable Web request by the user. To judge the performance of the proposed AQNN, a total of 2000 (1000 objectionable + 1000 non-objectionable) Website's contents have been used. The results of AQNN are also compared with QNN-F and well-known classifiers as backpropagation, support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron, decision tree algorithm, and artificial neural network. The results show that the AQNN as classifier performs better than existing classifiers. The performance of the proposed objectionable Web content filtering system (OWF) is also compared with well-known objectionable Web filtering software and existing models. It is found that the proposed OWF performs better than existing solutions in terms of filtering objectionable content.
Design and Development of a Low-Cost, High Temperature Silicon Carbide Micro-Channel Recuperator (2005)

Typically, ceramic micro-channel devices are used for high temperature heat exchangers, catalytic reactors, electronics cooling, and processing of corrosive streams where the thermomechanical benefits of ceramic materials are desired. These benefits include: high temperature mechanical and corrosion properties and tailorable material properties such as thermal expansion, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. In addition, by utilizing Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) methods, inexpensive ceramic materials can be layered, featured and laminated in the green state and co-sintered to form monolithic structures amenable to mass production. In cooperation with the DOE and Pacific Northwest National Labs, silicon carbide (SiC) based micro-channel recuperator concepts are being developed and tested. The performance benefits of a high temperature, micro-channel heat exchanger are realized from the improved thermal efficiency of the high temperature cycles and the improved effectiveness of micro-channels for heat transfer. In designing these structures, the heat and mass transfer within the micro-channels are being analyzed with heat transfer models, computational fluid dynamics models and validated with experimental results. As an example, a typical micro-turbine cycle was modified and modeled to incorporate this ceramic recuperator and it was found that the overall thermal efficiency of the micro-turbine could be improved from about 27% to over 40%. Process improvements require technical advantages and cost advantages. These LOM methodologies have been based on well-proven industry standard processes where labor, throughput and capital estimates have been tested. Following these cost models and validation at the prototype scale, cost estimates were obtained. For the micro-turbine example, cost estimates indicate that the high-temperature SiC recuperator would cost about $200 per kWe. The development of these heat exchangers is multi-faceted and this paper focuses on the design optimization of a layered micro-channel heat exchanger, its performance testing, and fabrication development through LOM methodologies.
Recent experiments with the Eindhoven MHD blowdown facility (1986)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Stability of the Metal-Oxide Interface during Anodization of Aluminum (2006)

The growth behavior of the metal-oxide interface during anodization of aluminum was analyzed by considering the contributions of interfacial diffusion and electric field-driven migration of the interface. The analysis of linear stability showed that the electric field enhances the growth of interfacial perturbations and leads to interfacial instability, while the interfacial diffusion suppresses the instability. The instability is long-wave with the critical spatial frequency being determined by the competition between the interfacial diffusion and the electric field-driven migration of the metal-oxide interface. For an interfacial perturbation of given spatial frequency, the critical electrical voltage was obtained, which increases with the spatial frequency.
Annexin-Phospholipid Interactions. Functional Implications (2013)

Annexins constitute an evolutionary conserved multigene protein superfamily characterized by their ability to interact with biological membranes in a calcium dependent manner. They are expressed by all living organisms with the exception of certain unicellular organisms. The vertebrate annexin core is composed of four (eight in annexin A6) homologous domains of around 70 amino acids, with the overall shape of a slightly bent ring surrounding a central hydrophilic pore. Calcium- and phospholipid-binding sites are located on the convex side while the N-terminus links domains I and IV on the concave side. The N-terminus region shows great variability in length and amino acid sequence and it greatly influences protein stability and specific functions of annexins. These proteins interact mainly with acidic phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine, but differences are found regarding their affinity for lipids and calcium requirements for the interaction. Annexins are involved in a wide range of intra- and extracellular biological processes in vitro, most of them directly related with the conserved ability to bind to phospholipid bilayers: membrane trafficking, membrane-cytoskeleton anchorage, ion channel activity and regulation, as well as antiinflammatory and anticoagulant activities. However, the in vivo physiological functions of annexins are just beginning to be established.
A method for determining the fibrillar angle in wood tracheids (1969)

SUMMARY The predominant direction of fibrils in isolated walls of wood tracheids can be determined from observation of the extinction position in the polarizing microscope. This method cannot be used directly to obtain the fibrillar direction for separate intact cells, because the light path must traverse the opposite walls of the cell, the fibrillar angles of which are similar but of opposite sense. This difficulty may be overcome by impregnating the cell lumens with mercury and using incident (epi‐) illumination with crossed polars. The incident light now passes through the upper wall of each cell, suffers reflection at the mercury surface and returns through the same wall. The extinction position gives the predominant fibrillar direction of the upper wall. The method is rapid, has been found suitable for tracheids in wood, wood pulp and paper, and should be of value for the study of other plant cells such as cotton.
Ultrasonic emission tactile sensing (1995)

This article describes an ongoing study for a new type of tactile sensing device which is based on instantaneous localization of acoustic emissions caused by touch and/or contact movement. The authors assume a sensor structure which consists of a flexible, spherical, fingertip-like body and a quadruple polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, a kind of piezoelectric polymer) sound-sensing matrix embedded at the center of the body. Any points on the spherical surface work as emission sources when touched, and the body transmits the waves inward. The PVDF matrix works as a wideband acoustic emission (AE) transducer which is capable of detecting arrival directions of the waves, packet by packet. This means it can independently resolve and localize a series of ultrasonic emissions caused by a touch and slip. In order to realize this type of tactile sensor, the authors consider two important questions: 1) What kind of ultrasonic emissions appear by touch, and are they detectable? 2) How can the multiple wave packets be resolved and localized instantaneously? For the first question, the authors develop a theory of wave generation at collision, and examine detectability by several experiments. For the second question, the authors show how their sound localization algorithm for an auditory sensor is applied. By assuming the use of this algorithm, and from several experiments under various contact and slip conditions, the authors confirm that the following features and tactile information are obtainable: 1) quick localization of touch and separation; 2) sensation of surface roughness under movements; and 3) quick detection of precursor of slip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Routing in intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks and delay tolerant networks: overview and challenges (2006)

Recently there has been much research activity in the emerging area of intermittently connected ad hoc networks and delay/disruption tolerant networks (DTN). There are different types of DTNs, depending on the nature of the network environment. Routing in DTNs is one of the key components in the DTN architecture. Therefore, in the last few years researchers have proposed different routing protocols for different types of DTNs. In this article we capture the state of the art in routing protocols in DTNs. We categorize these routing protocols based on information used. For deterministic time evolving networks, three main approaches are discussed: the tree approach, the space and time approach, and the modified shortest path approach. For stochastic time evolving networks, the following approaches are discussed: the epidemic or random forwarding approach, predication or history based approach (including per contact routing based on one hop information only and per contact routing based on average end to end
Solutions to the Problem of Substitution of ERL 4221 for Vinyl Cyclohexene Dioxide in Spurr Low Viscosity Embedding Formulations (2006)

Abstract Spurr low viscosity embedding medium was introduced in 1969 and used vinyl cyclohexene dioxide (VCD or ERL 4206) as the low viscosity epoxy resin together with nonenyl succinic anhydride (NSA), the flexibilizer DER 736, and the accelerator dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE or S-1). This low viscosity formulation has been used extensively for embedding plant materials, microrganisms and other difficult specimens. Over the years numerous concerns about the toxicity and carcinogenicity of VCD have been raised. VCD (Fig. 1) was finally removed from the market in 2005 and replaced with ERL 4221 (Fig. 2), a cyclic epoxide with a higher molecular weight and higher viscosity. Vendors instructed that ERL 4221 be substituted for VCD at the same rates as used in the original Spurr formulation. This direct substitution resulted in a more viscous resin and blocks were extremely hard and brittle and lacked the sectioning qualities of the original formulation. Vendors then suggested modifications to the dehydration schedule and reductions in the amount of DMAE to improve the quality of the blocks.
Developing and Measuring the Learning Organization (1994)

Definitions, development and measurement must be applied to the concept of the learning organization to move it towards implementation. Many definitions have captured the essence of the learning organization but, until the characteristics or “attributes” are defined, it will remain difficult to move the concept forward, because it is the definition of these attributes that allows an examination of the behaviours which will either encourage or inhibit organizational learning. These behaviours can be measured using behaviourally anchored rating scales which indicate strengths and weaknesses which can be improved through action.
Theory of neutral atom scattering at long range from metal surfaces (1977)

We examine possible interactions between neutral atoms and metal surfaces at separations greater than 500 \AA{}, treating the Lifshitz dispersion force, dynamic forces, and fringe fields due to surface roughness. Using the derived interaction energies we compute the classical trajectories of atoms passing over metal cylinders and compare them with the results of a recent series of experiments. There is a significant discrepancy between theory and experiment, with theory predicting more scattering than is observed.
Tolerance to μ‐opioid agonists in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells as determined by changes in guanosine‐5′‐O‐(3‐[<sup>35</sup>S]‐thio)triphosphate binding (1997)

1. The agonist action of morphine on membranes prepared from human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells was measured by an increase in the binding of the GTP analogue [35S]-GTPgammaS. Morphine increased the binding of [35S]-GTPgammaS to SH-SY5Y cell membranes by 30 fmol mg(-1) protein with an EC50 value of 76 +/- 10 nM. 2. Incubation of SH-SY5Y cells with 10 microM morphine for 48 h caused a tolerance to morphine manifested by a 2.5 fold shift to the right in the EC50 value with a 31 +/- 6% decrease in the maximum stimulation of [35S]-GTPgammaS binding. The response caused by the partial agonist pentazocine was reduced to a greater extent. 3. Chronic treatment of the cells with the more efficacious mu-ligand [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO, 10 microM) for 48 h afforded a greater effect than treatment with morphine. The maximal agonist effect of morphine was reduced to 58.9 +/- 6% of that seen in control cells while the maximal effect of DAMGO was reduced to 62.8 +/- 4%. There was a complete loss of agonist activity for pentazocine. 4. The development of tolerance was complete within 24 h and was blocked by naloxone and by the nonselective protein kinase inhibitor H7, but not by the putative beta-adrenoceptor kinase (beta-ARK) inhibitor suramin. 5. The observed tolerance effect was accompanied by a down-regulation of mu-opioid receptors determined by a decrease in the maximal binding capacity for the opioid antagonist [3H]-diprenorphine of 66 +/- 4%, but with no change in binding affinity. Binding of the agonist [3H]-DAMGO was similarly reduced. 6. The modulation of [35S]-GTPgammaS binding in SH-SY5Y cell membranes by opioids provides a simple method for the study of opioid tolerance at a site early in the signal transduction cascade.
Biosynthesis of Germacrene A Carboxylic Acid in Chicory Roots. Demonstration of a Cytochrome P450 (+)-Germacrene A Hydroxylase and NADP+-Dependent Sesquiterpenoid Dehydrogenase(s) Involved in Sesquiterpene Lactone Biosynthesis (2001)

Sprouts of chicory (Cichorium intybus), a vegetable grown in the dark, have a slightly bitter taste associated with the presence of guaianolides, eudesmanolides, and germacranolides. The committed step in the biosynthesis of these compounds is catalyzed by a (+)-germacrene A synthase. Formation of the lactone ring is the postulated next step in biosynthesis of the germacrene-derived sesquiterpene lactones. The present study confirms this hypothesis by isolation of enzyme activities from chicory roots that introduce a carboxylic acid function in the germacrene A isopropenyl side chain, which is necessary for lactone ring formation. (+)-germacrene A is hydroxylated to germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol by a cytochrome P450 enzyme, and is subsequently oxidized to germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oic acid by NADP+-dependent dehydrogenase(s). Both oxidized germacrenes were detected as their Cope-rearrangement products elema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-ol and elema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-oic acid, respectively. The cyclization products of germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol, i.e. costol, were also observed. The (+)-germacrene A hydroxylase is inhibited by carbon monoxide (blue-light reversible), has an optimum pH at 8.0, and hydroxylates beta-elemene with a modest degree of enantioselectivity.
A 5-V-only 16-Mb flash memory with sector erase mode (1992)

A 5-V-only 16-Mb CMOS flash memory with sector erase mode is described. An optimized memory cell with diffusion self-aligned drain structure and channel erase are keys to achieving 5-V-only operation. By adopting this erase method and row decoders to apply negative bias, 512-word sector erase can be realized. The auto chip erase time of 4 s has been achieved by adopting 64-b simultaneous operation and improved erase sequence. The cell size is 1.7 mu m*2.0 mu m and the chip size is 6.3 mm*18.5 mm using 0.6- mu m double-layer metal triple-well CMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Amination of benzylic and cinnamic alcohols via a biocatalytic, aerobic, oxidation–transamination cascade (2012)

The amination of benzylic and cinnamic alcohols was achieved via a biocatalytic, one-pot oxidation–transamination cascade in aqueous medium at physiological conditions. Alcohol oxidation by galactose oxidase at the expense of O2 furnished the corresponding aldehydes, which were aminated using ω-transaminases in situ. The applicability of this method was demonstrated by a short synthesis of the antifungal agent naftifine.
The Future of Computing Performance: Game Over or Next Level? (2011)

The end of dramatic exponential growth in single-processor performance marks the end of the dominance of the single microprocessor in computing. The era of sequential computing must give way to a new era in which parallelism is at the forefront. Although important scientific and engineering challenges lie ahead, this is an opportune time for innovation in programming systems and computing architectures. We have already begun to see diversity in computer designs to optimize for such considerations as power and throughput. The next generation of discoveries is likely to require advances at both the hardware and software levels of computing systems. There is no guarantee that we can make parallel computing as common and easy to use as yesterday's sequential single-processor computer systems, but unless we aggressively pursue efforts suggested by the recommendations in this book, it will be game over for growth in computing performance. If parallel programming and related software efforts fail to become widespread, the development of exciting new applications that drive the computer industry will stall; if such innovation stalls, many other parts of the economy will follow suit. The Future of Computing Performance describes the factors that have led to the future limitations on growth for single processors that are based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. It explores challenges inherent in parallel computing and architecture, including ever-increasing power consumption and the escalated requirements for heat dissipation. The book delineates a research, practice, and education agenda to help overcome these challenges. The Future of Computing Performance will guide researchers, manufacturers, and information technology professionals in the right direction for sustainable growth in computer performance, so that we may all enjoy the next level of benefits to society.