gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of High-Molecular-Weight Aliphatic Polycarbonates by Condensation Polymerization of Diols and Dimethyl Carbonate (2013)

A synthetic strategy was developed for the condensation polymerization of aliphatic diols with dimethyl carbonate to produce high-molecular-weight aliphatic polycarbonates. In the first step, oligomers were formed bearing almost equal numbers of hydroxyl and methyl carbonate end-groups. In the second step, the condensation reaction was conducted at a high temperature (>180 °C) to connect the −OH and −OC(O)OCH3 chain-ends while removing the generated methanol under reduced pressure. Small amounts of sodium alkoxide (0.02–0.5 mol %) were used as a catalyst. Using an anhydrous diol was crucial for increasing the reaction rate and also for obtaining reproducible results. In the second step, the pressure was gradually reduced and the temperature was optimized, in order to minimize side products. Using this strategy, high-molecular-weight poly(1,4-butylene carbonate) (PBC) and its copolymers incorporating various other diols (2–10 mol %) were prepared, with weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 100 000–200 000, in a short reaction time, totaling 6.5 h. This strategy was also effective for producing other high-molecular-weight aliphatic polycarbonates (Mw ∼ 200 000) using 1,6-hexanediol and cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol. When the [−OH]/[−OCH3] ratio of the oligomers generated in the first step deviated from ∼1, it was hard to attain such a high molecular weight.
Multi-Stage Hydraulically Fractured Shale Gas Rate Transient Analysis (2010)

Abstract The common completion technique in horizontal shale gas wells is by hydraulically fracturing in multi-stages. In this paper, a linear dual porosity model is used to approximate the shale gas completions with a horizontal well and multiple hydraulic fractures. Five flow regions are identified with this model. Region 1 is transient drainage in the fractures, Region 2 is simulataneous drainage from matrix and fractures or bilinear flow, Region 3 is the infinite-acting case, Region 4 is transient drainage from the matrix and Region 5 is the boundary-dominated flow case. Derived equations are presented for each of the flow regions. It appears that field production data exhibit Region 4. This transient flow regime is the only flow regime available for analysis in many wells. A skin effect for Region 4 is observed in many wells and described in this paper. A procedure is presented in this paper to analyze field data and is illustrated with a sample case..
Cytomegalovirus Vaccine (1980)

Four seronegative adult male volunteers were immunized with Towne strain cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine. The only reaction was transient pain and swelling at the inoculation site. Viral cultures were performed during the first 12 weeks after immunization, and CMV was not recovered from throat, urine, or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Both CMV-specific humoral and cellular immunity developed within three weeks of vaccination. Whereas humoral antibody titers declined steadily with time, the cellular immune responses seemed biphasic. An early peak in lymphocyte proliferation to CMV antigen occurred three to six weeks after immunization. Responses then diminished but increased again six to ten months after immunization. This study in a small group of normal male volunteers indicated that CMV vaccine was safe and immunogenic. That CMV vaccine elicited CMV-specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity is important, because there is evidence that both are necessary for protection from CMV infections. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>140:936-939, 1980)
Low Loss, Large Bandwidth Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber Design for Short-Reach Links (2020)

We present antiresonant hollow-core optical fibre designs for VCSEL-based short-reach transmission applications in the 850nm band. Our simulations show that lower loss and twice the bandwidth of solid, multi-mode, graded index fibres are possible.
Successful management of severe infant bullous pemphigoid with omalizumab (2011)

International audience
Guide to punctuation (1995)

This A-Z guide to punctuation explains how each punctuation mark functions and when it should be used. It also covers common pitfalls and errors, looks at the differences between American and English punctuation and provides tips on how to set out extended prose, such as letters and bibliographies.
Lipoprotein Receptors in Extraembryonic Tissues of the Chicken (2000)

Yolk is the major source of nutrients for the developing chicken embryo, but molecular details of the delivery mechanisms are largely unknown. During oogenesis in the chicken, the main yolk components vitellogenin and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) are taken up into the oocytes via a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family termed LR8 (Bujo, H., Hermann, M., Kaderli, M. O., Jacobsen, L., Sugawara, S., Nimpf, J., Yamamoto, T., and Schneider, W. J. (1994) EMBO J. 13, 5165-5175). This endocytosis is accompanied by partial degradation of the yolk precursor protein moieties; however, fragmentation does not abolish binding of VLDL to LR8. The receptor exists in two isoforms that differ by a so-called O-linked sugar domain; the shorter form (LR8-) is the major form in oocytes, and the longer protein (LR8+) predominates in somatic cells. Here we show that both LR8 isoforms are expressed at ratios that vary with embryonic age in the extraembryonic yolk sac, which mobilizes yolk for utilization by the embryo, and in the allantois, the embryo's catabolic sink. Stored yolk VLDL interacts with LR8 localized on the surface of the yolk sac endodermal endothelial cells (EEC), is internalized, and degraded, as demonstrated by the catabolism of fluorescently labeled VLDL in cultured EEC. Addition to the incubation medium of the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein, which inhibits all known LR8/ligand interactions, blocks the uptake of VLDL by EEC. The levels of endogenous receptor-associated protein correspond to those of LR8+ but not LR8-, suggesting that it may play a role in the modulation of surface presentation of LR8+. Importantly, EEC express significant levels of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and protein disulfide isomerase, key components required for lipoprotein synthesis. Because the apolipoprotein pattern of VLDL isolated from the yolk sac-efferent omphalomesenteric vein is very different from that of yolk VLDL, these data strongly suggest that embryo plasma VLDL is resynthesized in the EEC. LR8 is a key mediator of a two-step pathway, which affects the uptake of VLDL from the yolk sac and the subsequent delivery of its components to the growing embryo.
Automatic face cloning and animation using real-time facial feature tracking and speech acquisition (2001)

We describe the components of the system used for real-time facial communication using a cloned head. We begin with describing the automatic face cloning using two orthogonal photographs of a person. The steps in this process are the face model matching and texture generation. After an introduction to the MPEG-4 parameters that we are using, we proceed with the explanation of the facial feature tracking using a video camera. The technique requires an initialization step and is further divided into mouth and eye tracking. These steps are explained in detail. We then explain the speech processing techniques used for real-time phoneme extraction and subsequent speech animation module. We conclude with the results and comments on the integration of the modules towards a complete system.
In Situ Formation and Size Control of Gold Nanoparticles into Chitosan for Nanocomposite Surfaces with Tailored Wettability (2012)

The in situ formation of gold nanoparticles into the natural polymer chitosan is described upon pulsed laser irradiation. In particular, hydrogel-type films of chitosan get loaded with the gold precursor, chloroauric acid salt (HAuCl(4)), by immersion in its aqueous solution. After the irradiation of this system with increasing number of ultraviolet laser pulses, we observe the formation of gold nanoparticles with increasing density and decreasing size. Analytical studies using absorption measurements, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the nanocomposite samples throughout the irradiation procedure reveal that under the specific irradiation conditions there are two competing mechanisms responsible for the nanoparticles production: the photoreduction of the precursor responsible for the rising growth of gold particles with increasing size and the subsequent photofragmentation of these particles into smaller ones. The described method allows the localized formation of gold nanoparticles into specific areas of the polymeric films, expanding its potential applications due to its patterning capability. The size and density control of the gold nanoparticles, obtained by the accurate increase of the laser irradiation time, is accompanied by the simultaneously controlled increase of the wettability of the obtained gold nanocomposite surfaces. The capability of tailoring the hydrophilicity of nanocomposite materials based on natural polymer and biocompatible gold nanoparticles provides new potentialities in microfluidics or lab on chip devices for blood analysis or drugs transport, as well as in scaffold development for preferential cells growth.
Single base bulges in small RNA hairpins enhance ethidium binding and promote an allosteric transition (1987)

A set of four RNA hairpin helices has been prepared by in vitro transcription with T7 RNA polymerase. The hairpins all contain the same nine base pair helix, but with an extra A, C, or U residue forming a bulge at one position; the fourth hairpin is a perfect helix with no bulge. The helix with a bulged A duplicates six base pairs of a helix in the 16S rRNA known to have an unusually high affinity for ethidium bromide [J. M. Kean, S. A. White, and D. E. Draper, Biochemistry 24, 5062 (1985)]. Binding and chemical cleavage studies with ethidium or the reagent methidiumpropylEDTA-Fe(II) [MPE-Fe(II)] showed that the sequence CpG is a preferred intercalation site whether or not a bulge is present; all three bulged bases enhance intercalation at the CpG sequence by an order of magnitude; and intercalation in a bulged helix results in a concerted conformational change involving the entire helix backbone, again dependent on the presence of a bulge but independent of the particular base. These results suggest that an extra sugar-phosphate residue in an RNA helix backbone has a dramatic effect on the ability of the RNA to adopt new conformations. This effect could be an important reason for the conservation of bulges at certain positions in ribosomal and other RNAs.
The role of low temperatures in the operation of logic circuitry (1970)

It has often been suggested that operating logical circuitry at low temperatures would have many advantages. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate such suggestions quantitatively. Changes in physical properties of materials upon cooling to low temperatures have been analyzed to determine their impact on the parameters which control the performance of logical circuitry. The following topics have been considered: electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, thermal energy, heat transfer, superconductivity, liquid helium, low-gap high-mobility semiconductors, and thermal activation of atomic motion.
Energy sweep compensation of induction accelerators (1990)

The ETA-II linear induction accelerator (LIA) is designed to drive a microwave free electron laser (FEL). Beam energy sweep must be limited to {plus minus}1% for 50 ns to limit beam corkscrew motion and ensure high power FEL output over the full duration of the beam flattop. To achieve this energy sweep requirement, we have implemented a pulse distribution system and are planning implementation of a tapered pulse forming line (PFL) in the pulse generators driving acceleration gaps. The pulse distribution system assures proper phasing of the high voltage pulse to the electron beam. Additionally, cell-to-cell coupling of beam induced transients is reduced. The tapered PFL compensates for accelerator cell and loading nonlinearities. Circuit simulations show good agreement with preliminary data and predict the required energy sweep requirement can be met.
African-American heredity prostate cancer study: a model for genetic research. (2001)

A genome-wide scan of high-risk prostate cancer families in North America has demonstrated linkage of a particular marker to Chromosome 1q (HPC1). An even greater proportion of African-American families have shown linkage to HPC1. Therefore, investigators at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in collaboration with Howard University and a predominantly African-American group of urologists established the African-American Hereditary Prostate Cancer (AAHPC) Study Network to confirm the suggested linkage of HPC in African Americans with a gene on Chromosome 1. Blood samples from recruited families were sent to Howard University for extraction of DNA. The DNA was sent to NHGRI at NIH where the genotyping and genetic sequence analysis was conducted. Genotype data are merged with pedigree information so that statistical analysis can be performed to establish potential linkage. From March 1, 1998, to June 1, 1999, a total of 40 African-American families have been recruited who met the study criteria. Preliminary results suggest that racial/ethnicity grouping may affect the incidence and extent of linkage of prostate cancer to specific loci. The importance of these findings lays in the future treatment of genetic-based diseases.
Utilization of Lignin Modified by Brown-Rot Fungi. I. Properties of Flakeboard Produced with a Brown-rotted Lignin Modified Phenolic Adhesive (1990)

Article Utilization of Lignin Modified by Brown-Rot Fungi. I. Properties of Flakeboard Produced with a Brown-rotted Lignin Modified Phenolic Adhesive was published on January 1, 1990 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 44, issue 3).
Practical design considerations for an all-digital PLL in a digital car radio reception SoC (2016)

This paper addresses design considerations for an 4.4GHz all-digital PLL (ADPLL). This mixed-signal IP is used in a state-of-the-art wideband multi-tuner RF receiver integrated in a 65nm CMOS software-defined radio (SDR) SoC with automotive quality. It is therefore of extreme importance that the ADPLL not only meets the required phase noise, power supply rejection and speed specifications, among others, but also that it can coexist with other subsystems comprising the tuner, be tested with industrial automatic test equipment at acceptable cost, and that it operates reliably during the specified product's lifetime. This work describes simulation, interference, reliability, design-for-test (DfT) and design-for-manufacturability (DfM) aspects considered during the design process of the ADPLL.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Gain-of-Function Mutation Aggravates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease but Does Not Cause Insulin Resistance in a Murine Model (2012)

TNFR1 ectodomain shedding is not an essential feedback mechanism in preventing the development of hepatic steatosis or insulin resistance. It is, however, pivotal in attenuating the progression from "simple steatosis" towards a more serious phenotype with many NASH features. Targeting TNFR1 could therefore be beneficial in attenuating NASH.
Extraction of Ensiled Sweet Sorghum with a Continuous Countercurrent Diffuser (1989)

Extraction studies using a pilot scale continuous countercurrent diffuser were conducted using ensiled sweet sorghum {Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. Rio). The effects of liquid-solid (L/S) ratio and temperature on sugar and organic acid recovery are reported. Decreasing the L/S ratio increased solute concentration in the extract. Extractions at 50C and 70C had no effect on differential extraction of sugars and organic acids. The experimental diffuser operated at unsteady state, but greater than 90% of the components of the sweet sorghum ensilage were extracted.
Fusion of map matching and traffic sign recognition (2014)

This paper presents a high performance and robust system for traffic sign recognition with digital map fusion. The proposed system is enhanced by fusion of different sensors and recognition is improved. Traffic sign is detected by a monochrome camera added by a reflective surface detector whereas recognition is achieved by a template matching algorithm. Digital Maps used in this work are standard navigable data. For localization the GPS receiver and the odometer of the test vehicle is used with the developed particle filter based map-matching algorithm. Tests are accomplished in rural and urban areas of metropolitan city for both day and night conditions. Especially, success rate at night scenes is comparably higher when compared to existing approaches and technologies. The system is unique since it is not limited to certain sign types, can be used in day and night conditions. The proposed system can be easily adapted to real world applications since it utilizes low cost and industrially available digital map content and sensors.
Simultaneous motion-disparity estimation and segmentation from stereo (2002)

Both motion/structure estimation from monocular video and disparity estimation from still-frame stereo are known to be ill-posed problems. Further, because disparity varies by depth, and motion parameters are different for independently moving objects, they can both benefit from scene segmentation. To this effect, we present a framework for simultaneous motion and disparity estimation including scene segmentation in stereo video. In this formulation, pairs of disparity and motion parameter vector values are segmented into K regions, where within each region a single set of motion parameters is defined, and the disparity field is allowed to vary smoothly. The algorithm iterates between computing the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimates of the disparity and segmentation fields conditioned on the present motion parameter estimates, and the maximum likelihood (hit) estimates of the motion parameters via simulated annealing (SA). Simulation results are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermistances CTN et autres thermomètresà semi-conducteurs (1991)

1. Conduction dans les semi-conducteurs 2. Thermistances 2.1 Classification
et presentation 2.2 Caracteristiques metrologiques des
CTN 2.3 Instrumentation associee 3. Capteurs
au silicium 3.1 Fabrication 3.2 Caracteristiques 4. Presentations industrielles des fils et renforts textiles 4.1 Caracteristique R = f (T ) et sensibilite 4.2 Presentation 4.3 Montage et utilisation 4.4 Stabilite. Reproductibilite 4.5 Proprietes thermiques 4.6 Etalonnage 4.7 Facteurs d’influence exterieurs 4.8 Instrumentation associee 5. Diodes et transistors Cet article regroupe la description des materiaux semi-conducteurs
utilises comme capteurs de temperature. Le mot « thermistance » est
l’adaptation francaise de thermistor, contraction de thermally sensitive
resistor. Il designe des materiaux semi-conducteurs, generalement
a base d’oxydes metalliques dopes, dont la resistance electrique varie
fortement avec la temperature. Pour les autres applications des thermistances,
le lecteur se reportera a la bibliographie [Doc. R 2 580]. Bien que n’etant pas appeles thermistances, les semi-conducteurs
de la colonne IV A du tableau de Mendeleiev (C, Ge, Si), convenablement
dopes, sont egalement utilises comme capteurs de temperature et sont
decrits aux paragraphes 3 et 4. Enfin, le dernier
paragraphe presente des capteurs de temperature semiconducteurs qui
ne font pas appel a leurs proprietes resistives (diodes et transistors).
Distributed Receding Horizon Control of Dynamically Coupled Nonlinear Systems (2007)

This paper considers the problem of distributed control of dynamically coupled nonlinear systems that are subject to decoupled constraints. Examples of such systems include certain large scale process control systems, chains of coupled oscillators and supply chain management systems. Receding horizon control (RHC) is a method of choice in these venues as constraints can be explicitly accommodated. In addition, a distributed control approach is sought to enable the autonomy of the individual subsystems and reduce the computational burden of centralized implementations. In this paper, a distributed RHC algorithm is presented for dynamically coupled nonlinear systems that are subject to decoupled input constraints. By this algorithm, each subsystem computes its own control locally. Provided an initially feasible solution can be found, subsequent feasibility of the algorithm is guaranteed at every update, and asymptotic stabilization is established. The theoretical conditions for feasibility and stability are shown to be satisfied for a set of coupled Van der Pol oscillators that model a walking robot experiment. In simulations, distributed and centralized receding horizon controllers are employed for stabilization of the oscillators. The numerical experiments show that the controllers perform comparably, while the computational savings of the distributed implementation over the centralized implementation is clearly demonstrated.
An independent dual gate SOI FinFET soft-error resilient memory cell (2014)

In this paper we present an 8T footless storage element, the FFDICE (FinFET DICE), a dual interlocked structure using Independent Gate SOI FinFET transistors that exhibits soft error resilience characteristics. Compared to the conventional DICE cell, the proposed design achieves area savings by dispensing with the four NMOS driver transistors, retains the excellent tolerance characteristics to single node upsets and similar multiple node upset resilience. Of significance to modern designs that apply voltage scaling techniques to achieve power savings, simulation results on Static Voltage Noise Margin and Static Current Noise Margin metrics show that the proposed cell exhibits excellent stability across an examined voltage range of 0.75V to 1V.
Carboxylic acid sorption regeneration process (2023)

Carboxylic acids are sorbed from aqueous feedstocks into an organic liquid phase or onto a solid adsorbent. The acids are freed from the sorbent phase by treating it with aqueous alkylamine thus forming an alkylammonium carboxylate which is dewatered and decomposed to the desired carboxylic acid and the alkylamine.