gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new Fahrenheit temperature sensor (1984)

A monolithic integrated circuit which provides an output voltage scaled proportionally to the Fahrenheit temperature without requiring the user to subtract a large constant offset is described. An advantage of this circuit is that the gain is inherently calibrated (e.g. to /spl plusmn/10.00 mV//spl deg/F) by simply trimming the offset error at room temperature. This behavior is shown to be a predictable function of the inherent bandgap voltage of silicon, +1.220 V. The circuit has been designed to permit trimming of accuracy (gain and offset) by blowing metal links and by the familiar Zener gap technique. The sensor achieves a typical accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.5/spl deg/F at room temperature, and /spl plusmn/1.0/spl deg/F over a rated temperature range from -50/spl deg/F to +300/spl deg/F, without any requirement for laser trimming. The practical limitation on accuracy is the production testing of devices under conditions of precisely known temperature. Applications circuits are also presented to show where this new sensor has advantages in accuracy and convenience over present sensors.
Knot Group Epimorphisms, II (2008)

We consider the relations $\ge$ and $\ge_p$ on the collection of all knots, where $k \ge k'$ (respectively, $k \ge_p k'$) if there exists an epimorphism $πk \to πk'$ of knot groups (respectively, preserving peripheral systems). When $k$ is a torus knot, the relations coincide and $k'$ must also be a torus knot; we determine the knots $k'$ that can occur. If $k$ is a 2-bridge knot and $k \ge_p k'$, then $k'$ is a 2-bridge knot with determinant a proper divisor of the determinant of $k$; only finitely many knots $k'$ are possible.
Sol—Gel Processing of Silica (1994)

The sol—gel process for preparing silica and silicates from metal alkoxide precursors is reviewed and compared to the processing of aqueous silicates as described by Iler. Sol—gel processing combines control of composition and microstructure at the molecular level with the ability to shape material in bulk, powder, fiber, and thin-film form. In sol—gel processing of metal alkoxides, hydrolysis reactions replace an alkoxide group with a hydroxyl group. Subsequent condensation reactions involving the hydroxyl groups produce siloxane bonds. The structure of the evolving silicates is a consequence of the successive polymerization, gelation, aging, drying, and heating steps. Often the structures of polymers, gels, and dried gels (either xerogels or aerogels) may be characterized on the 1-20-nm length scale by a mass or surface fractal dimension. On longer length scales, dried gels are micro- or mesoporous, with surface areas often exceeding 800 m2/g. During heating, these gels undergo continued polymerization, structural relaxation, and viscous sintering; dense amorphous silica essentially indistinguishable from its conventionally prepared counterpart ultimately results.
[The "second atherogenic phenotype" or the role of insulin resistance in vascular risk]. (1998)

LDL cholesterol is the principal vascular risk factor but it is not the only one. Paradoxically, the atherogenic role of triglycerides or that of metabolic abnormalities of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins has been underestimated. It is convenient to use the term "second atherogenic phenotype" for those phenotypes associating a hypertriglyceridaemia, a low HDL-cholesterol, a moderate increase in LDL cholesterol composition (the small dense LDL). Insulin resistance could be the common denominator of these different abnormalities, increasing the production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and decreasing their catabolism. In this concept which remains hypothetical, insulin resistance would appear to be a vascular risk factor. Its role could be direct or indirect by the many risk factors described in the syndrome X. The taking into account of this second atherogenic phenotype of hyperlipidaemia has obvious therapeutic implications because of the choice of diet and treatment. Though stains represent the treatment of choice of high LDL cholesterol, the fibrates are useful in the treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL-cholesterol and small and dense LDL. Therapeutic trials comparing the efficacy of statins and fibrates with respect to cardiovascular and global mortality should provide future information in this debate.
Accelerated similarity searching and clustering of large compound sets by geometric embedding and locality sensitive hashing (2010)

Software implementations and online services have been developed based on the methods introduced in this study. The online services provide access to the generated clustering results and ultra-fast similarity searching of the PubChem Compound database with subsecond response time.
On the Vacuum-Ultraviolet Reflectance of Evaporated Aluminum before and during Oxidation* (1963)

The vacuum-ultraviolet reflectance of freshly evaporated aluminum films has been measured as a function of time in vacuum after the deposition. The pressure in the experimental chamber during the measurements ranged from 4 × 10−6 mm Hg at the time of the deposition to an ultimate pressure of 2 × 10−7 mm Hg. The first measurements were made less than 10 sec after the evaporation. The reflectance of unoxidized aluminum has been determined by extrapolating the reflectance curves back to zero time. It has been found that unoxidized aluminum has a normal-incidence reflectance greater than 86% for wavelengths down to λ1025 Å. The effect on the reflectance of exposing freshly prepared aluminum films to O2, N2, and air is shown. At λ735 and λ584 Å, the optical constants of unoxidized aluminum have been determined from measurements of reflectance as a function of incidence angle. The optical constants are: at λ735 Å, n = 0.455, k = 0.043; and at λ584 Å, n = 0.71, k = 0.018. The effect of oxidation on the reflectance of aluminum at λ735 and λ584 Å is shown, and the transmission of unsupported films of aluminum, with and without oxide, is calculated.
The Logic of Membership of Sectoral Business Associations (2000)

This paper assesses the logic of membership of sectoral business associations in Britain using evidence from a proportionate stratified random sample of associations. The British system gives no statuatory status to business associations. As a result the size and fragmentation of associations is similar to the US, membership of associations is interpreted in terms of the logic of specific business service demand and the logic of collective activities. Expectations from models of collective action, associability and involvement are used to interpret association membership. The paper argues that the normal distinction between associations as trade, professional or "peak" bodies is too simplistic in not properly differentiating the types of member. The paper employs instead a set of six categories dependent on the type of members: companies, owner-managers, the self-employed, and individuals, as well as bodies with mixed membership, and federations (which are associations of associations). Survey evidence demonstrates that member motives for joining, lapsing and constraining service development differ significantly between association types and tend most strongly to emphasise the logic of individual services as complements to the logic collective activity. Analysis of the rates of joining and lapsing membership show evidence of reluctance to join and high rates of lapsing.
The vacuolar H+-ATPase – one of the most fundamental ion pumps in nature (1992)

An electrochemical gradient of protons (PMF) is a universal high-energy intermediate in biological systems. Two related families of proton pumps, denoted F- and V-ATPases, are among the principal generators of a PMF from ATP and can form ATP at the expense of a PMF. The enzymes of these two families share a similar structure and subunit composition; some subunits in the two families evolved from common ancestors. Other subunits having no common ancestry were added independently to the various enzymes and defined the two separate families. The general mechanism for the proton pumping activity is similar in the two families. However, whereas F-ATPases can act in both proton pumping and ATP formation, the V-ATPases of eukaryotes function exclusively as ATP-dependent proton pumps. The catalytic and membrane sectors of F-ATPases and archaebacterial V-ATPases can separately catalyze their specific partial activities of ATPase and proton conduction. The catalytic and membrane sectors of the eukaryotic V-ATPases cannot act separately. This property is correlated with the presence of a large proteolipid that traverses the membrane four times. The gene duplication of the smaller proteolipid in the formation of the large proteolipid was one of the most important events in the evolution of the V-ATPases of eukaryotic cells.
Agrin promotes synaptic differentiation by counteracting an inhibitory effect of neurotransmitter (2005)

Synaptic organizing molecules and neurotransmission regulate synapse development. Here, we use the skeletal neuromuscular junction to assess the interdependence of effects evoked by an essential synaptic organizing protein, agrin, and the neuromuscular transmitter, acetylcholine (ACh). Mice lacking agrin fail to maintain neuromuscular junctions, whereas neuromuscular synapses differentiate extensively in the absence of ACh. We now demonstrate that agrin's action in vivo depends critically on cholinergic neurotransmission. Using double-mutant mice, we show that synapses do form in the absence of agrin provided that ACh is also absent. We provide evidence that ACh destabilizes nascent postsynaptic sites, and that one major physiological role of agrin is to counteract this "antisynaptogenic" influence. Similar interactions between neurotransmitters and synaptic organizing molecules may operate at synapses in the central nervous system.
The effects of ethanol and glycerol on the body and other sensory characteristics of Riesling wines (2007)

The effect of ethanol and glycerol concentration on the body, sweetness, acidity, aroma and flavour intensity, and perceived viscosity and hotness of three Riesling wines was assessed. The ethanol and glycerol contents of the wines were adjusted by addition to give three realistic levels (5.2, 7.2, 10.2 g/L glycerol and 11.6, 12.6 and 13.6 v/v ethanol). The nine treatment combinations (3 glycerol × 3 ethanol) were rated on the above attributes by a panel of trained tasters. Increased alcohol levels resulted in increased perceived hotness in all wines, and in higher body and perceived viscosity in two of the three wines. The effect of increasing glycerol content was less consistent with only one of each of the three wines showing increased viscosity and body. However, the mean viscosity ratings given to wines with 10 g/L glycerol was higher than at 5 g/L at all alcohol levels and for all wines, suggesting that differences in glycerol concentration typically displayed between dry white table wines can affect their perceived viscosity. Neither alcohol nor glycerol consistently affected sweetness, acidity, aroma or flavour intensity. Higher ratings of the abstract term ‘body’ were most commonly associated with higher ratings of flavour and/or perceived viscosity, suggesting that for the majority of tasters, these two attributes contributed to their interpretation of the term ‘body’. Perceived hotness was not an important component of body, while the role of acidity in body perception was taster dependent.
Turbo-codes used for compressed image transmission over frequency selective fading channel (2002)

The turbo-code is a newly developed channel coding technique with amazing error correcting capability. Turbo-codes are applied to JPEG compressed images in a wireless environment. The wireless channel is modeled as a frequency selective fading channel with a two-ray profile. Different combinations of source and channel code rates are simulated for image transmission. In addition, unequal error protection for the header syntax of JPEG compressed images is considered. It is found that turbo-codes combined with unequal error protection give excellent performance for compressed image transmission, even at a high delay spread. The optimum joint source/channel coding schemes are given at different delay spreads. The image qualities are compared both subjectively and objectively.
La Fragata Corsario “La Argentina” en las Costas Americanas Septentrionales (1964)

1. “La Argentina”PARA CONTRARRESTAR LA ACCION de los navios de guerra espanoles y perseguir su comercio maritimo, el gobierno de las Provincias Unidas del Rio de la Plata resolvio establecer el corso, concediendo patente para su ejercicio a toda persona que armara algun buque destinado a luchar contra las embarcaciones enemigas.
Conversion of Acetone to Aromatic Chemicals with HZSM-5 (2003)

Monoaromatic compounds are important chemicals as raw material for many petrochemical industries. Conventionally, these compounds are obtained from fossil resources by petroleum refining processes. In order to reduce the dependency on this resource, a new route with the utilization of biomass as starting material for the production aromatic chemicals is considered to establish a sustainable system of chemical industry. The route is that acetone could be produced selectively by catalytic reaction from biomass-derived oil. From this point, therefore, this study is to explore a catalytic conversion of acetone toward aromatic chemicals with HZSM-5. The reaction is carried out by continuous flow reactor at an atmospheric pressure to examine the activity and selectivity of HZSM-5. Some parameters such as temperature, space velocity, effect of water have been investigated. The results show that HZSM-5 exhibited a high active and a shape-selective catalyst for the formation of monoaromatic chemicals. The favourable condition for acetone aromatization is found i.e. at 673K with space velocity of 4h-1, the acetone conversion is close to 100% and monoaromatic selectivity is approximately 71%. The low selectivity of carbon oxides (less than 5%) was obtained, and it could be contributed significantly for this catalytic reaction on realization toward sustainable development of chemical industry in the future. There is no effect of water existence in the acetone feed on the aromatization reaction process, making the process will be simplified.
Mesangial cells organize the glomerular capillaries by adhering to the G domain of laminin α5 in the glomerular basement membrane (2003)

In developing glomeruli, laminin alpha5 replaces laminin alpha1 in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) at the capillary loop stage, a transition required for glomerulogenesis. To investigate domain-specific functions of laminin alpha5 during glomerulogenesis, we produced transgenic mice that express a chimeric laminin composed of laminin alpha5 domains VI through I fused to the human laminin alpha1 globular (G) domain, designated Mr51. Transgene-derived protein accumulated in many basement membranes, including the developing GBM. When bred onto the Lama5 -/- background, Mr51 supported GBM formation, preventing the breakdown that normally occurs in Lama5 -/- glomeruli. In addition, podocytes exhibited their typical arrangement in a single cell layer epithelium adjacent to the GBM, but convolution of glomerular capillaries did not occur. Instead, capillaries were distended and exhibited a ballooned appearance, a phenotype similar to that observed in the total absence of mesangial cells. However, here the phenotype could be attributed to the lack of mesangial cell adhesion to the GBM, suggesting that the G domain of laminin alpha5 is essential for this adhesion. Analysis of an additional chimeric transgene allowed us to narrow the region of the alpha5 G domain essential for mesangial cell adhesion to alpha5LG3-5. Finally, in vitro studies showed that integrin alpha3beta1 and the Lutheran glycoprotein mediate adhesion of mesangial cells to laminin alpha5. Our results elucidate a mechanism whereby mesangial cells organize the glomerular capillaries by adhering to the G domain of laminin alpha5 in the GBM.
Biomedical Applications of Thermally Activated Shape Memory Polymers (2009)

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that can remember a primary shape and can return to this primary shape from a deformed secondary shape when given an appropriate stimulus. This property allows them to be delivered in a compact form via minimally invasive surgeries in humans, and deployed to achieve complex final shapes. Here we review the various biomedical applications of SMPs and the challenges they face with respect to actuation and biocompatibility. While shape memory behavior has been demonstrated with heat, light and chemical environment, here we focus our discussion on thermally stimulated SMPs.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON DITERPENES FROM SIDERITIS GENUS. 34. ANDALUSOL, A NEW DITERPENOID FROM A SIDERITIS ARBORESCENS SALZM. SUBSPECIES. CHEMICAL AND X‐RAY STRUCTURE DETERMINATION (1977)

Abstract Für Andalusol wird die Struktur (I) bestimmt.
Interleukin‐37 and Dendritic Cells Treated With Interleukin‐37 Plus Troponin I Ameliorate Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction (2016)

Our results reveal a beneficial role of IL-37 or tDCs treated with IL-37 plus TnI in post-MI remodeling that is possibly mediated by reestablishing a tolerogenic immune response, indicating that IL-37 or adoptive transfer of IL-37 plus TnI-treated tDCs may be a novel therapeutic strategy for ventricular remodeling after MI.
Bridgeless SEPIC Converter With a Ripple-Free Input Current (2012)

Conventional power factor correction (PFC) single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) suffers from high conduction loss at the input bridge diode. To solve this problem, a bridgeless SEPIC converter with ripple-free input current is proposed. In the proposed converter, the input bridge diode is removed and the conduction loss is reduced. In addition, the input current ripple is significantly reduced by utilizing an additional winding of the input inductor and an auxiliary capacitor. Similar to the conventional PFC SEPIC converter, the input current in a switching period is proportional to the input voltage and near unity power is achieved. The operational principles, steady-state analysis, and design equations of the proposed converter are described in detail. Experimental results from a 130 W prototype at a constant switching frequency of 100 kHz are presented to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
Imprinting and Seed Development (2004)

Imprinted genes are expressed predominantly from one allele in a parent-of-origin–specific manner. The endosperm, a seed tissue that mediates the transfer of nutrients from the maternal parent to the embryo, is an important site of imprinting in flowering plants. Imprinted genes have been
Improved Conversion of Vitamin D<sub>2</sub>into the Windaus Ketone and Its Regioselective Hydroxylation Via Organoboranes at C<sub>26</sub> (1989)

Abstract The improved oxidative conversion of Vitamin D2 into the Windaus ketone as well as the regioselective hydroxylation via organoboranes at C26 of the title ketone is reported.
Pseudohomozygous type II hyperlipoproteinemia in a child with subnormal LDL receptor activity (1990)

Clinical Dietitian Nutrition Education/Training Consultant Division of School Food and Nutrition Services Memphis City Schools Memphis, Tennessee Internal Medicine and Pediatric Department University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio
Effects of Lecithinized Superoxide Dismutase on Rat Spinal Cord Injury (1996)

Although superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been reported to promote functional recovery in ischemic spinal cord injury, it presents many difficulties in practical use primarily due to its short half-life in vivo and low tissue affinity. In this study, we investigated the effects of a new type of SOD, a lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD), on motor disturbances, spinal cord edema, levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. PC-SOD is reported to show a delayed plasma disappearance in vivo in rats and has a higher affinity for vascular endothelium cells, neutrophils, and other cells than unmodified SOD. PC-SOD (4000 units/kg), unmodified SOD (4000 units/kg), or vehicle was injected intravenously 30 min after SCI. Four hours after SCI, SOD activities in spinal cord tissue and plasma were significantly higher in the PC-SOD group than in the unmodified SOD group. In the PC-SOD-treated rats, motor function was significantly better than in the other 2 groups of rats. PC-SOD significantly suppressed MPO activity, an indicator of neutrophils infiltration, in the spinal cord, at 4, 8, and 24 h after SCI, and spinal cord edema at 24 h after SCI. Moreover, the decrease of SCBF after SCI was less marked in the PC-SOD group. The present results suggest that lecithinization can improve the drug delivery of SOD to the spinal cord and PC-SOD may be an alternative pharmacological treatment for SCI.
Physician Status Characteristics and Client Satisfaction in Two Types of Medical Practice (1982)

Catherine E. Ross, John Mirowsky, Raymond S. Duff, Physician Status Characteristics and Client Satisfaction in Two Types of Medical Practice, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Dec., 1982), pp. 317-329
An improved algorithm for nucleic acid secondary structure display (1988)

An improved algorithm for the display of nucleic acid secondary structures is presented. It is particularly suitable for large sequence segments and it automatically generates an aesthetically pleasing display of the structure with very limited overlap of strands. Structural similarities in different structures are conserved in the display thus greatly aiding structural homology comparisons. Using the algorithm, we illustrate the effect of ribosome translocation on the secondary structure of a rat neuropeptide messenger RNA.
<i>Rhizomucor miehei</i> triglyceride lipase is synthesized as a precursor (1988)

A Rhizomucor miehei cDNA library constructed in Escherichia coli was screened with synthetic oligonucleotides designed from knowledge of a partial amino acid sequence of the secreted triglyceride lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.3) from this fungus. Lipase-specific recombinants were isolated and their insert sequenced. Unlike characterized bacterial and mammalian triglyceride lipases, the fungal enzyme is synthesized as a precursor, including a 70 amino acid residue propeptide between the 24 amino acid residues of the signal peptide and the 269 residues of the mature enzyme. The precursor processing mechanism, which involves cleavage between a methionine and a serine residue, is unknown. By sequence comparison with other lipases, a serine residue involved in substrate binding was identified in the fungal lipase. The sequence around this residue is well-conserved among characterized lipases. Conservation of an intron in an isolated cDNA recombinant and immunoprecipitation of in vitro synthesized R. miehei translation products indicates that the expression of the lipase gene might involve inefficient mRNA splicing.
Report of the Iowa educational butter contest (1903)

At the beginning of the year 1903 an educational butter contest was instituted by the Dairy Department, at Ames, Iowa. The co-operation of the State Dairy Commissioner, H. R. Wright, was secured throughout the test. Each exhibitor sent a thirty pound tub of butter to Ames every other month, thus making six exhibits during the year. The butter was scored at Ames by Prof. G. L. McKay, and P. H. Kiefier, Assistant State Commissioner, acted as expert. As soon as the butter was scored a sample for chemical analysis was taken from each tub.\nThe butter was then sent to New York to be re-scored by Mr. W. H. Healy. The average of the two scores at Ames and New York constituted the real basis upon which the final decision was rendered.