gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cloning, Heterologous Expression, and Characterization of Human Glyoxalase II (1996)

A clone encoding glyoxalase II has been isolated from a human adult liver cDNA library. The sequence of 1011 base pairs consists of a full-length coding region of 780 base pairs, corresponding to a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 28,861 daltons. Identities (50-60%) were found to partial 5' and 3' cDNA sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana as well as within a limited region of glutathione transferase I cDNA from corn. A vector was constructed for heterologous expression of glyoxalase II in Escherichia coli. For optimal yield of enzyme, silent random mutations were introduced in the 5' coding region of the cDNA. A yield of 25 mg of glyoxalase II per liter of culture medium was obtained after affinity purification with immobilized glutathione. The recombinant enzyme had full catalytic activity and kinetic parameters indistinguishable from those of the native enzyme purified from human erythrocytes.
Seizure-induced neuronal injury (2002)

Evidence that recurrent epileptic seizures may cause neuronal injury in some patients has been inferred from clinical observation, neuropsychological assessments, and neuroimaging studies. Cross-sectional investigations have yielded conflicting results and it is not possible to draw conclusions regarding causation, rather than merely association, from such designs. However, there is also evidence from in vivo biochemical studies that seizures may cause neuron injury. The heterogeneity of the epilepsies, epileptic seizures, co-morbidities, treatment regimens, and individual patient susceptibility all complicate the picture and inhibit the drawing of conclusions that are uniformly applicable. Longitudinal neuroimaging studies have the potential to objectively identify structural changes in the brain that are markers of neuronal injury. Such studies are a major undertaking, requiring age-matched control groups and consistent image acquisition and analysis techniques. One needs to analyze not only changes in group means but also the number of patients who show significant changes in imaging parameters that exceed the limits of test-retest reliability and changes in age-matched controls. Quantitative analysis of MRI T(1)-weighted volumetric datasets can reliably identify changes in cerebral and hippocampal volumes of 1-3% in individual subjects. The sensitivity of such quantitative analysis of structural data to identify functionally significant changes is not yet certain. Functional imaging techniques such as MR spectroscopy, PET, and SPECT may be more sensitive for detecting cerebral abnormalities, but their test-retest reliability is inferior. Other MRI tools, such as diffusion tensor imaging, may be useful for evaluating secondary cerebral damage after seizures, both acutely and chronically. Present evidence suggests that, to detect significant treatment effects, longitudinal studies of putative neuroprotective agents, using neuroimaging methods as a surrogate end point, would require at least a 3-year observation period, include large numbers of patients, and provide stratification for important clinical variables.
A fuzzy-based recommender approach for learning objects management systems (2011)

This paper shows how some fuzzy logic tecniques applied to a recommender engine can be used in a Learning Object Repository. A Fuzzy Linguistic model based on three dimensions: structural, contextual, personal is proposed. The contextual and personal dimensions are modelled using domain ontologies and a automatically built fuzzy ontology, respectively. The experiment results indicate that the presented approach is useful and warrants further research in recommending and retrieval information.
Transforming Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria to Reflect Practical Clinical Application (2016)

Historically, oncology clinical trials have focused on comparing a new drug's efficacy to the standard of care. However, as our understanding of molecular pathways in oncology has evolved, so has our ability to predict how patients will respond to a particular drug, and thus comparison with a standard therapy has become less important. Biomarkers and corresponding diagnostic testing are becoming more and more important to drug development but also limit the type of patient who may benefit from the therapy. Newer clinical trial designs have been developed to assess clinically meaningful endpoints in biomarker-enriched populations, and the number of modern, molecularly driven clinical trials are steadily increasing. At the same time, barriers to clinical trial enrollment have also grown. Many barriers contribute to nonenrollment in clinical trials, including patient, physician, institution, protocol, and regulatory barriers. At the protocol level, eligibility criteria have become a large roadblock to clinical trial accrual. Over time, eligibility criteria have become more and more restrictive. To accrue an adequate number of patients to molecularly driven trials, we should consider eligibility criteria carefully and attempt to reduce restrictive criteria. Reducing restrictive eligibility criteria will allow more patients to be eligible for clinical trial participation, will likely increase the speed of drug approvals, and will result in clinical trial results that more accurately reflect treatment of the population in the clinical setting.
Beitrag zur Umformtechnik gewebeverstärkter Thermoplaste (1997)

Fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites, suitable for the production of thin-walled, high
strength structural parts, are available on the market today with various fibre/matrix combinations.
However, further market penetration and series production are inhibited as long as forming
technologies are not well understood. In this thesis, the potential for series production of different
forming technologies is evaluated. Stamp forming is an efficient way to produce parts in
very short cycle times. A limiting factor to part complexibilty is undesired wrinkle formation as
a consequence of insufficient fabric shear. Fabric shear and other important deformations of impregnated
fabrics were examined by means of new test devices. Evidence was found that membrane
tension is the crucial factor to avoid wrinkle formation. New tool concepts and processing
Windows were developed to produce fabric reinforced thermoplastic parts free of wrinkles and
distortions.
State of the art paper Highlights of mechanistic and therapeutic cachexia and sarcopenia research 2010 to 2012 and their relevance for cardiology (2013)

Sarcopenia and cachexia are significant medical problems with a high diseaserelated burden in cardiovascular illness. Muscle wasting and weight loss are very frequent particularly in chronic heart failure and they relate to poor prognosis. Although clinically largely underestimated, the fields of cachexia and sarcopenia are of great relevance to cardiologists. In cachexia and sarcopenia a significant number of research publications related to basic science questions of muscle wasting and lipolysis were published between 2010 and 2012. Recently, the two processes of muscle wasting and lipolysis were found to be closely linked. Treatment research in pre-clinical models involves studies on a number of different therapeutic entities, including ghrelin, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), as well as drugs targeting myostatin or melanocortin-4. In the human setting, studies using enobosarm (a SARM) and anamorelin (ghrelin) are in phase III. The last 3 years have seen significant efforts to define the field using consensus statements. In the future, these definitions should also be considered for guidelines and treatment trials in cardiovascular medicine. The current review aims to summarize important information and development in the fields of muscle wasting, sarcopenia and cachexia, focusing on findings in cardiovascular research, in order for cardiologists to have a better understanding of the progress in this still insufficiently known field.
Fluid dynamics of the shock wave reactor (2000)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase and Isoprenylation Inhibitors Induce Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Culture (1998)

Recent evidence suggests that apoptosis may be involved in the control of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) number in atherosclerotic lesions. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors have been reported to induce apoptosis in a variety of tumor cell lines. To evaluate whether these agents also induce apoptosis of VSMCs, cultured rat VSMCs were treated with increasing doses of atorvastatin in the presence of FBS as a survival factor. The presence of apoptosis was evaluated by morphological criteria, annexin V binding, and DNA fragmentation and quantified as the proportion of hypodiploid cells by flow cytometry. Atorvastatin induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, an effect also seen with simvastatin and lovastatin, but not with the hydrophilic drug pravastatin. The proapoptotic effect of statins was seen only when the inhibition of acetate incorporation into sterols was >95% and was fully reversed by mevalonate, farnesyl pyrophosphate, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not by isopentenyl adenosine, ubiquinone, or squalene, suggesting a role for prenylated proteins in the regulation of VSMC apoptosis. To further assess the role of protein prenylation, VSMCs were exposed to the prenyl transferase inhibitors perillic acid and manumycin A. Both agents induced VSMC apoptosis as evaluated by the above-mentioned criteria. Finally, VSMC treatment with lipophilic statins was associated with decreased prenylation of p21-Rho B, further supporting the role of protein prenylation inhibition in statin-induced VSMC apoptosis. The present data suggest that interference with protein prenylation by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or other agents may provide new strategies for the prevention of neointimal thickening.
Attending to characters in neural sequence labeling models (2016)

Sequence labeling architectures use word embeddings for capturing similarity, but suffer when handling previously unseen or rare words. We investigate character-level extensions to such models and propose a novel architecture for combining alternative word representations. By using an attention mechanism, the model is able to dynamically decide how much information to use from a word- or character-level component. We evaluated different architectures on a range of sequence labeling datasets, and character-level extensions were found to improve performance on every benchmark. In addition, the proposed attention-based architecture delivered the best results even with a smaller number of trainable parameters.
A Robust, Streamlined Approach to Bosutinib Monohydrate (2012)

This article describes a systematic approach used to streamline the process for the isolation of bosutinib monohydrate, a promiscuous solvate former. A thorough understanding of the complex solid form landscape was garnered, and this knowledge was used to develop a process that routinely delivered the correct solid form and excellent purity at the end of the last bond-formation step, without the need for additional recrystallization and/or solid form conversion steps.
Backbone Dynamics of the N-Terminal Domain in <i>E. Coli</i> DnaJ Determined by <sup>15</sup>N- and <sup>13</sup>CO-Relaxation Measurements (1999)

The backbone dynamics of the N-terminal domain of the chaperone protein Escherichia coli DnaJ have been investigated using steady-state 1H-15N NOEs, 15N T1, T2, and T1 rho relaxation times, steady-state 13C alpha-13CO NOEs, and 13CO T1 relaxation times. Two recombinant constructs of the N-terminal domain of DnaJ have been studied. One, DnaJ(1-78), contains the most conserved "J-domain" of DnaJ, and the other, DnaJ(1-104), includes a glycine/phenylalanine rich region ("G/F" region) in addition to the "J-domain". DnaJ(1-78) is not capable of stimulating ATP hydrolysis by DnaK, despite the fact that all currently identified sites responsible for DnaJ-DnaK interaction are located in this region. DnaJ(1-104), on the other hand, retains nearly the full ATPase stimulatory activity of full length DnaJ. Recently, a structural analysis of these two molecules was presented in an effort to elucidate the origin of their functional differences [Huang, K., Flanagan, J. M., and Prestegard, J. H. (1999) Protein Science 8, 203-214]. Herein, an analysis of dynamic properties is presented in a similar effort. A generalized model-free approach with a full treatment of the anisotropic overall rotation of the proteins is used in the analysis of measured relaxation parameters. Our results show that internal motions on pico- to nanosecond time scales in the backbone of DnaJ(1-78) are reduced on the inclusion of the "G/F" region, while conformational exchange on micro- to millisecond time scales increases. We speculate that the enhanced flexibility of residues on the slow time scale upon the inclusion of the "G/F" region could be relevant to the ATPase stimulatory activity of DnaJ if an "induced-fit" mechanism applies to DnaJ-DnaK interactions.
When Nurses Pray (1985)

Dana Clark, RN, AD, once a critical care staff nurse at St. Francis Hospital, is now a hospice nurse with Hospice of Santa Barbara. She is also involved with children's ministry at her church. Joan Probert, RN, BSN, has background in critical care nursing but is currently raising her family full-time. In addition, she is active with the nursery and adult fellowship groups at Vineyard Christian Fellowship in Santa Barbara, California.
Advertising Exposure, Loyalty, and Brand Purchase: A Two-Stage Model of Choice (1988)

Information processing theory and findings on advertising response suggest a nonlinear response to repetitive ad exposure, mediated by brand loyalty. The response can occur in either or both of the hypothesized stages of purchase: brand choice and quantity choice. A tobit-type analysis of scanner purchases (with TV exposures) of a mature product category appears to support these hypotheses. The effect of advertising is generally nonlinear and its impact on volume purchased is mediated by brand loyalty. Advertising seems to reinforce preference for current brands rather than stimulate brand switching. However, features, displays, and especially price have a stronger impact on response than does advertising. The effect of brand loyalty dominates that of the other variables.
A neural network model of the relativistic electron flux at geosynchronous orbit (1991)

A neural network has been developed to model the temporal variations of relativistic (>3 MeV) electrons at geosynchronous orbit based on model inputs consisting of 10 consecutive days of the daily sum of the planetary magnetic index Σ Kp . The neural network (in essence, a nonlinear prediction filter) consists of three layers of neurons, containing 10 neurons in the input layer, 6 neurons in a hidden layer, and 1 output neuron. The output is a prediction of the daily‐averaged electron flux for the tenth day. The neural network was trained using 62 days of data from July 1, 1984, through August 31, 1984, from the SEE spectrometer on the geosynchronous spacecraft 1982‐019. The performance of the model was measured by comparing model outputs with measured fluxes over a 6‐year period from April 19, 1982, to June 4, 1988. For the entire data set the rms logarithmic error of the neural network is 0.76, and the average logarithmic error is 0.58. The neural network is essentially zero biased, and for accumulation intervals of 3 days or longer the average logarithmic error is less than 0.1. The neural network provides results that are significantly more accurate than those from linear prediction filters. The model has been used to simulate conditions which are rarely observed in nature, such as long periods of quiet (Σ Kp = 0) and ideal impulses. It has also been used to make reasonably accurate day‐ahead forecasts of the relativistic electron flux at geosynchronous orbit.
Prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in a captive colony of macaque monkeys (1988)

The prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in the macaque colony of the New England Regional Primate Research Center (NERPRC) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures as well as radioimmunoprecipitation-SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence tests. Out of 848 macaques, 3 (0.35%) had antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), 27 (3.2%) had antibodies to simian T-lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-1) and approximately 285 (34%) had antibodies to type D retrovirus. Of 3 macaques infected with SIV, 2 were rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and I was a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). STLV-1 and D retrovirus infection occurred in all 4 macaque species examined. SIV, STLV-1 and D retroviruses were isolated from sero-positive macaques. The low prevalence of SIV infection suggests that SIV is not being readily transmitted among macaques at NERPRC; this contrasts markedly with the high SIV prevalence in some captive mangabey colonies. In contrast to African green monkeys from eastern Africa, 160 Caribbean green monkeys examined showed no sign of SIV infection. These results provide a framework for monitoring spontaneous disease associated with infection by these 3 retroviruses and will help in further definition of STLV-1 and SIV infection of non-human primates as animal models for human disease.
Evaluation of cell coverage and throughput in the multihop CDMA cellular network (2005)

A multihop connection scheme, where one or more mobile terminals relay transmission signals using the same access scheme between an end user terminal and its destination base station, is a promising approach to overcome reduction in cell size caused by high bit-rate data transmission. In a general radio communication system, coverage area and system throughput are closely interrelated. In this paper, the performance of a multihop cellular network employing a CDMA access scheme, which is a promising candidate for beyond the third generation, is studied in terms of coverage area and system throughput by conducting a link level simulation. The results show that a multihop connection expands a coverage area, especially in a light traffic case, and also has an advantage in system throughput.
Wnt Signaling: Physiology and Pathology (2004)

Signaling by the Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins has been demonstrated to be essential both in normal embryonic development and in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancer. This signaling pathway is exquisitely regulated by a large and complex array of proteins, which act as agonists or antagonists of signal transduction, modulating the Wnt signal extracellularly, in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Here, we will briefly review the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and consider molecular defects in Wnt signaling components known to promote uncontrolled cell growth following induction of Wnt signaling. We will also focus on two recently identified factors in this pathway, that seem to act as Wnt signaling antagonists, one functioning in the cytoplasm called Disabled-2 and the other in the nucleus named Chibby.
The binding of native DNA to the collagen-like segment of Clq. (1988)

Our study was undertaken to determine if native DNA (dsDNA), which is known to bind to collagen, also binds to the collagen-like segment of Clq (CLS). Three methods were employed to demonstrate the binding of dsDNA to CLS: (1) Six human sera and a mouse monoclonal antibody to dsDNA were employed in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect CLS bound dsDNA. When applied to CLS bound dsDNA, sera with antibodies to dsDNA and monoclonal antibody to DNA yielded mean OD values of greater than or equal to 0.6, significantly higher than those values obtained from control experiments (mean OD less than or equal to 0.2, p less than or equal to 0.003). (2) In a solid phase immunoassay radiolabelled DNA (3H DNA) was exposed to increasing amounts of solid phase adherent CLS. The binding of 3H DNA to the solid phase was substantially greater (more than a 30-fold increase) when the solid phase had been precoated with CLS. (3) dsDNA binding to CLS was demonstrated further by incubating electrophoretically resolved CLS with dsDNA and localizing the bound dsDNA by ethidium bromide staining. Our results indicate the dsDNA binds to CLS. Since CLS is the binding site for Clr and then Clr2Cls2, molecules which bind to CLS, such as dsDNA, could be important factors affecting Cl activation.
Algorithmic Prediction of Health-Care Costs (2008)

The rising cost of health care is one of the world's most important problems. Accordingly, predicting such costs with accuracy is a significant first step in addressing this problem. Since the 1980s, there has been research on the predictive modeling of medical costs based on (health insurance) claims data using heuristic rules and regression methods. These methods, however, have not been appropriately validated using populations that the methods have not seen. We utilize modern data-mining methods, specifically classification trees and clustering algorithms, along with claims data from over 800,000 insured individuals over three years, to provide rigorously validated predictions of health-care costs in the third year, based on medical and cost data from the first two years. We quantify the accuracy of our predictions using unseen (out-of-sample) data from over 200,000 members. The key findings are: (a) our data-mining methods provide accurate predictions of medical costs and represent a powerful tool for prediction of health-care costs, (b) the pattern of past cost data is a strong predictor of future costs, and (c) medical information only contributes to accurate prediction of medical costs of high-cost members.
Selenium Removal by Constructed Wetlands:  Role of Biological Volatilization (1998)

Selenium-laden effluents from oil refineries are polluting San Francisco Bay, California. One environmentally friendly way of cleaning up selenium (Se) from effluents is by plant and microbial Se volatilization using constructed wetlands. Using mesocosms, we investigated the role of biological Se volatilization in a 36-ha constructed wetland located adjacent to San Francisco Bay. The constructed wetland was highly effective in removing Se from selenite-contaminated oil refinery wastewater: 89% of the Se was removed. Inflow Se concentrations of 20−30 μg L-1 decreased to <5 μg L-1 in the outflow. Most of the Se was removed by immobilization into sediments and plant tissues where Se concentrations reached ∼5 and ∼15 mg kg-1, respectively. Biological volatilization may have accounted for as much as 10−30% of the Se removed. The highest mean rates of Se volatilization for vegetated sites were 190, 180, and 150 μg of Se m-2 day-1 (rabbitfoot grass, cattail, and saltmarsh bulrush, respectively). Rates for the most dominant species, saltmarsh bulrush, varied during the year: the mean rates were 150, 70, and 25 μg of Se m-2 day-1 in February, June, and October, respectively. We conclude that biological Se volatilization is a significant pathway of Se removal in wetlands.