gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart tags for brand protection and anti-counterfeiting in wine industry (2018)

Counterfeit wine presents a significant issue for winemakers since it affects producer's reputation, profit and most importantly it can be harmful for the consumers. This paper describes a brand protection and anti-counterfeiting solution for wine industry based on smart tags and Cloud enabled technologies. The main idea behind smart tags is to utilize quick response codes and functional inks supported by the Cloud system and two-way communication between the winemaker and end-user. The proposed system is expected to make wine counterfeiting hard and unprofitable.
Challenge of Prolonged Suspended Animation (1968)

MOHRI, HRROSHI M.D. Dr. Med. Sci.; BARNES, ROBERT W. M.D.; WINTERSCHEID, LOREN C. M.D. M.S. Ph.D.; DILLARD, DAVID H. M.D.; MERENDINO, K. ALVIN M.D. Ph.D. Author Information
Schottky Barrier Diode Circuits in Silicon for Future Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Applications (2008)

This paper presents Schottky barrier diode circuits fully integrated in a 0.13- mum SiGe BiCMOS process technology. A subharmonically pumped upconverter and a frequency doubler are demonstrated that operate beyond 100 GHz without the need of external components. The upconverter has a size of 430 times 780 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including on-chip matching elements and bond pads. It has a conversion gain of - 6 to - 7 dB from 100 to 120 GHz. The upconverter achieves a high single-sideband saturated output power of - 4 dBm from 100 to 120 GHz and a high linearity with a 1-dB compression point of - 6 dBm. The frequency doubler has a size of 360 times 500 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and can deliver up to 2.5 dBm at 110 GHz.
Electroless Nickel Plating for Making Ohmic Contacts to Silicon (1957)

A technique is described whereby an adherent plate of nickel may be deposited on silicon for use as an electrical contact. The contact may be used on either n‐ or p‐type silicon.
Coherent spin-dependent tunneling in magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO(001) tunnel barrier (2005)

A fully epitaxial Fe(001)/MgO(001)/Fe(001) magnetic tunnel junctions were fabricated using electron beam evaporation under ultrahigh vacuum and achieved a giant tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect over 180% at room temperature. The magnetoresistance (MR) ratio for the crystalline MgO(001) tunnel barrier is about three times that for the amorphous Al-O barrier indicating an importance of the crystalline symmetry of tunnel barrier for the coherent tunneling of /spl Delta//sub 1/ electrons. The MTJs with crystalline MgO(001) tunnel barrier also have high thermal stability and reproducibility of TMR. An oscillation of the TMR effect was also observed as a function of the thickness of MgO tunnel barrier, which could be a direct evidence of coherent spin-dependent tunneling. Such conservation of the coherency of spin polarized electron across the tunnel barrier will enable us to develop a variety of novel spintronics devices with quantum mechanical functions.
Reconstruction of oceanic flow characteristics from quasi‐Lagrangian data: 1. Approach and mathematical methods (1992)

We describe a nontraditional method for processing data derived from quasi‐Lagrangian tracers. The approach relies on a representation of the thermohydrodynamic field as a set of a finite number of functions (modes) with the subsequent computation of mode amplitudes from quasi‐Lagrangian data. This requires special methods for calculating mode components of the thermohydrodynamic field from Lagrangian observations. Also, because of the quasi‐Lagrangian nature of the data there are special problems caused by the need to filter in both space and time and to account for motions unresolved by such observations. The former problem is addressed by a filtering procedure based on a variational criteria and Pontryagin's principle. To handle the latter problem, a subgrid parameterization scheme appropriate for Lagrangian data is proposed.
Differentiation of Encapsulated Embryonic Stem Cells After Transplantation (2006)

Encapsulated ESC do differentiate, although along multiple pathways, both when transplanted and maintained in culture, just as nonencapsulated ESC do when removed from their feeder layer.
Reduction of methylene blue on illuminated titanium dioxide in methanolic and aqueous solutions (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of methylene blue on illuminated titanium dioxide in methanolic and aqueous solutionsHiroshi Yoneyama, Yoshinori Toyoguchi, and Hideo TamuraCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1972, 76, 23, 3460–3464Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100667a027https://doi.org/10.1021/j100667a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views565Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
<title>Confocal theta microscopy and 4Pi-confocal theta microscopy</title> (1994)

Confocal theta microscopy is a novel method by which the axial resolution in confocal fluorescence microscopy can be substantially improved. The basic idea is to observe the sample with two or more objective lenses and to detect the emission light at an angle theta to the illumination axis. The observation volume is considerably decreased when the detection axis is rotated by 90 degree(s) relative to the illumination axis. This leads to an almost spherical observation volume, which is three times smaller than in a comparable confocal fluorescence microscope. Confocal theta microscopy can be combined with 4Pi-confocal microscopy and is the first viable method proposed for fully exploiting the resolution increase achievable with 4Pi-techniques. The axial side lobes of the 4Pi-point spread function are suppressed, and the observation volume is reduced by a factor of 4. The resolution properties of confocal theta fluorescence microscopies are investigated for single- and two-photon absorption. Evaluations of confocal theta point spread functions are presented and the resolution improvement achieved by theta observation is discussed.
A tunable matching network for power amplifier efficiency enhancement and distortion reduction (2008)

Variable load technique has been proposed as a solution for improving the efficiency of power amplifiers at reduced drive levels. To provide variable load impedance to a transistor, various configurations for tunable matching networks may be used. However, many of them can introduce large AM-PM distortion. To avoid the degradation in linearity, a T-network that in principle causes no phase variation is presented in this work. A 1750-MHz medium power amplifier along with a tunable matching network using GaAs hyperabrupt varactor diodes is designed, fabricated, and tested. Experimental results for the power amplifier show that the power-added efficiency (PAE) at reduced power levels is enhanced when variable load is used. Meanwhile, lower AM-AM and AM-PM distortions are observed, demonstrating its potential for improving the efficiency as well as the linearity.
Tango introduction and tutorial (1990)

Tango is a software-based multiprocessor simulator that can generate traces of synchronization events and data references. The system runs on a uniprocessor and provides a simulated multiprocessor environment. The user code is augmented during compilation to produce a compiled simulation system with optional logging. Tango offers flexible and accurate tracing by allowing the user to incorporate various memory and synchronization models. Tango achieves high efficiency by running compiled user code, by focusing on information that is of specific interest to multiprocessing studies and by allowing the user to select the most efficient memory simulation that is appropriate for a set of experiments.
Molecular mechanism of ‘mitocan’‐induced apoptosis in cancer cells epitomizes the multiple roles of reactive oxygen species and Bcl‐2 family proteins (2006)

Mitochondria have emerged recently as effective targets for novel anti-cancer drugs referred to as 'mitocans'. We propose that the molecular mechanism of induction of apoptosis by mitocans, as exemplified by the drug alpha-tocopheryl succinate, involves generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS then mediate the formation of disufide bridges between cytosolic Bax monomers, resulting in the formation of mitochondrial outer membrane channels. ROS also cause oxidation of cardiolipin, triggering the release of cytochrome c and its translocation via the activated Bax channels. This model may provide a general mechanism for the action of inducers of apoptosis and anticancer drugs, mitocans, targeting mitochondria via ROS production.
Evaluation of Out-of-Band Channels for IoT Security (2019)

Secure bootstrapping is the process by which a device gets the necessary configuration information and security credentials to become operational. In many pervasive computing and Internet-of-Things scenarios, it is often not possible to rely on the existence of a trusted third party or other network infrastructure for bootstrapping. Therefore, several device bootstrapping protocols rely on an out-of-band (OOB) channel for initial device authentication and configuration. We begin this paper by understanding the need for OOB channels and performing a literature survey of existing standards and devices that rely on OOB channels. We then look at one candidate bootstrapping protocol: Nimble out-of-band authentication for EAP (EAP-NOOB). We provide a brief overview of the EAP-NOOB protocol and describe its unique OOB channel requirements. Thereafter, we implement three OOB channels for EAP-NOOB using near-field communication, quick response codes, and sound. Using our implementation, we evaluate the usability, security, benefits, and limitations of each of the OOB channels.
HIV-1 Nef and host cell protein kinases (1997)

Nef is a 27-34 kD myristoylated protein unique to primate lentiviruses. A functional Nef gene is important for development of high viremia and simian AIDS in SIV infected rhesus macaques. Notably, animals infected with Nef-deleted attenuated viruses are resistant to subsequent challenge with pathogenic wild-type viruses. A critical role for Nef in development of AIDS in humans has been suggested by the observation that some individuals with a long-term nonprogressive HIV-1 infection (persons who show no clinical or immunological signs of immunodeficiency despite being HIV seropositive for over a decade) are infected with viruses carrying naturally occurring Nef deletions. The mechanism of Nef action remains incompletely understood, but multiple lines of evidence point out to a role in modulation of cellular signaling pathways via physical and functional interactions with host cell protein kinases. These findings will be discussed in the following, preceded by a short introduction into the role of Nef in cell biology of HIV infection, which is intended to serve as a critical review of our current understanding on this enigmatic issue rather than a comprehensive review of the literature.
Effects of slag composition and process variables on decontamination of metallic wastes by melt refining (1981)

Melt refining has been suggested as an alternative for decontamination and volume reduction of low-level-contaminated metallic wastes. Knowledge of metallurgical and thermochemical aspects of the process is essential for effective treatment of various metals. Variables such as slag type and composition, melting technique, and refractory materials need to be identified for each metal or alloy. Samples of contaminated metals were melted with fluxes by resistance furnace or induction heating. The resulting ingots as well as the slags were analyzed for their nuclide contents, and the corresponding partition ratios were calculated. Compatibility of slags and refractories was also investigated, and proper refractory materials were identified. Resistance furnace melting appeared to be a better melting technique for nonferrous scrap, while induction melting was more suitable for ferrous metals. In general uranium contents of the metals, except for aluminum, could be reduced to as low as 0.01 to 0.1 ppM by melt refining. Aluminum could be decontaminated to about 1 to 2 ppM U when certain fluoride slags were used. The extent of decontamination was not very sensitive to slag type and composition. However, borosilicate and basic oxidizing slags were more effective on ferrous metals and Cu; NaNO/sub 3/-NaCl-NaOH type fluxes were desirable for Zn, Pb, and Sn; and fluoride type slags were effective for decontamination of Al. Recrystallized alumina proved to be the most compatible refractory for melt refining both ferrous and nonferrous metals, while graphite was suitable for nonferrous metal processing. In conclusion, melt refining is an effective technique for volume reduction ad decontamination of contaminated metal scrap when proper slags, melting technique, and refractories are used.
VENTRICULAR EXPRESSION OF BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR GENE AFTER ORTHOTOPIC CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION (1994)

We studied the ventricular expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) at the mRNA level in normal and transplanted human hearts as a direct measure of local bFGF gene expression. By Northern blot hybridization with a human bFGF cDNA probe, mRNA transcripts 7.5, 3.5, and 2.0 kb for bFGF were detected in both normal and transplanted hearts. Densitometric analysis of the transcripts after normalization for RNA loading revealed a 2-fold increase in the transplanted compared with the normal hearts. Slot blot hybridization of the ventricular RNA showed a significant increase in bFGF mRNA level in the transplanted over the normal hearts (P<0.01) and was independent of hemodynamic parameters and immunosuppressive drugs. These results provide unequivocal evidence that the human heart is a site of bFGF production as demonstrated by the presence of bFGF mRNA. The increased ventricular expression of bFGF gene after heart transplantation may be of importance in the mediation of growth and repair of myocardial injury.
Trehalose Is Required for Growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis (2004)

Mycobacteria contain high levels of the disaccharide trehalose in free form as well as within various immunologically relevant glycolipids such as cord factor and sulfolipid-1. By contrast, most bacteria use trehalose solely as a general osmoprotectant or thermoprotectant. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis possess three pathways for the synthesis of trehalose. Most bacteria possess only one trehalose biosynthesis pathway and do not elaborate the disaccharide into more complex metabolites, suggesting a distinct role for trehalose in mycobacteria. We disabled key enzymes required for each of the three pathways in M. smegmatis by allelic replacement. The resulting trehalose biosynthesis mutant was unable to proliferate and enter stationary phase unless supplemented with trehalose. At elevated temperatures, however, the mutant was unable to proliferate even in the presence of trehalose. Genetic complementation experiments showed that each of the three pathways was able to recover the mutant in the absence of trehalose, even at elevated temperatures. From a panel of trehalose analogs, only those with the native alpha,alpha-(1,1) anomeric stereochemistry rescued the mutant, whereas alternate stereoisomers and general osmo- and thermoprotectants were inactive. These findings suggest a dual role for trehalose as both a thermoprotectant and a precursor of critical cell wall metabolites.
Infections Due to Rochalimaea: The Expanding Clinical Spectrum (1992)

Journal Article Infections Due to Rochalimaea: The Expanding Clinical Spectrum Get access William A. Schwartzman William A. Schwartzman From the Infectious Disease Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Sepulveda; and the Department of Medicine UCLA San Fernando Valley Program, Sepulveda, California Reprints or correspondence: Dr. William A. Schwartzman, Infectious Diseases Section (111-D), Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Sepulveda, 16111 Plummer Street, Sepulveda, California 91343. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 15, Issue 6, December 1992, Pages 893–902, https://doi.org/10.1093/clind/15.6.893 Published: 01 December 1992 Article history Received: 28 August 1992 Published: 01 December 1992
Ultrasound waveform tomography using wave-energy-based preconditioning (2013)

Ultrasound waveform tomography using the conjugate gradient method produces images with different qualities in different regions of the imaging domain, partly because the ultrasound wave energy is dominant around transducer elements. In addition, this uneven distribution of the wave energy slows down the convergence of the inversion. Using the Hessian matrix to scale the gradients in waveform inversion can reduce the artifacts caused by the geometrical spreading and the defocusing effect resulting from the incomplete data coverage. However, it is computationally expensive to calculate the Hessian matrix. We develop a new ultrasound waveform tomography method that weights the gradient with the ultrasound wave energies of the forward and backward propagation wavefields. Our new method balances the wave energy distribution throughout the entire imaging domain. This method scales the gradients using the square root of the wave energy of forward propagated wavefields from sources and that of backpropagated synthetic wavefields from receivers. We numerically demonstrate that this new ultrasound waveform tomography method improves sound-speed reconstructions of breast tumors and accelerates the convergence of ultrasound waveform tomography.
Localization of bacteriophage receptor, clumping factor, and protein A on the cell surface of Staphylococcus aureus (1980)

The surface of several laboratory strains of Staphylococcus aureus were observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the presence of two morphologically characteristic structures--a ridge separating cell surface into old and new surfaces and a concentric circular structure--are described. These two structures seemed to be present universally on the surfaces of cells of the genus Staphylococcus. The removal of the circular structures by a mild treatment of the cell with trichloroacetic acid suggested that this structure seemed to represent circularly arranged teichoic acid. With experiments using morphologically recognizable markers among three of the cell wall components, clumping factor, phage receptor, and protein A, the clumping factor was proven to be specifically localized on the old surface; and more phage receptors were detected on the old surface than on the new surface, but protein A was present all over the cell surface. This indicated that the clumping factor and most of the phage receptors appeared on the cell wall surface in a late stage of the cell growth cycle, but protein A was present in an early stage of the growth. The idea of aging of the cell wall is discussed.
Improvement of focus accuracy on processed wafer (2013)

As feature size shrinkage in semiconductor device progress, process fluctuation, especially focus strongly affects device performance. Because focus control is an ongoing challenge in optical lithography, various studies have sought for improving focus monitoring and control. Focus errors are due to wafers, exposure tools, reticles, QCs, and so on. Few studies are performed to minimize the measurement errors of auto focus (AF) sensors of exposure tool, especially when processed wafers are exposed. With current focus measurement techniques, the phase shift grating (PSG) focus monitor 1) has been already proposed and its basic principle is that the intensity of the diffraction light of the mask pattern is made asymmetric by arranging a π/2 phase shift area on a reticle. The resist pattern exposed at the defocus position is shifted on the wafer and shifted pattern can be easily measured using an overlay inspection tool. However, it is difficult to measure shifted pattern for the pattern on the processed wafer because of interruptions caused by other patterns in the underlayer. In this paper, we therefore propose "SEM-PSG" technique, where the shift of the PSG resist mark is measured by employing critical dimension-scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) to measure the focus error on the processed wafer. First, we evaluate the accuracy of SEM-PSG technique. Second, by applying the SEM-PSG technique and feeding the results back to the exposure, we evaluate the focus accuracy on processed wafers. By applying SEM-PSG feedback, the focus accuracy on the processed wafer was improved from 40 to 29 nm in 3σ.
Optimization of the Start-up Procedure of a Combined Cycle Power Plant (2006)

The growing diffusion of combined cycle power plants (CCPPs), together with the increasing energy demand and grid regulation difficulties due to the energy market liberalization, require the participation of combined cycles to the load modulation and thus an increase in the frequency of the start-up and shut-down. The aim of this work is to carry out the optimization of the start-up of the combined cycles using a model-based approach. The comparison between a standard start-up procedure applied to a real plant in Italy and some simulation experiments show the potential advantages of this approach