gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural phase stability of<i>B2</i>and<i>B32</i>intermetallic compounds (1985)

For each of the compounds CsAu, LiAu, LiB, LiAl, LiGa, LiIn, LiTl, LiZn, LiCd, LiHg, NaIn, and NaTl the difference is calculated between the total energy of the compounds in the B2 (CsCl) and B32 (NaTl) crystal structures. The calculations are carried out over a pressure (P) range large enough to predict pressure-induced phase transitions. The structural differences in free energy at P=0 agree in sign with the observation of stable structures. The bonding of CsAu and LiAu appear to be quite different: CsAu is ionic and LiAu metallic. In the present theory where only these two structures are compared, CsAu has, at P=0, the B2 structure, but is predicted to undergo a transition to B32 at P\ensuremath{\approxeq}45 kbar. LiAu is, according to the calculations, not stable at P=0 in the CsCl structure; it requires an external pressure >145 kbar to exist in that structure. Trends of structural energy differences for the I-II and I-III compounds are analyzed by the examination of charge distributions, partial pressures, and their relation to constituent-atom ``sizes.'' The I-II and I-III compounds which at P=0 have the NaTl structure are predicted to undergo a structural phase transition at moderately high pressure (\ensuremath{\sim}200 kbar for LiAl). The bonding characteristics are examined by calculation of (nonspherical) charge distributions. Further analysis is supported by ``frozen-potential'' energy-difference calculations. The (hypothetical) LiB compound is the only one among the Zintl phases studied here which is semiconducting. It is also the case in which the covalent bonding is most pronounced. A few results of calculations for other compounds with structures related to those of the main topic of the work are also presented. These are for the pnictides, ${\mathrm{Li}}_{3}$Sb and ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{3}$Sb, which, in spite of expected similarities, show substantial differences as far as charge distributions are concerned.
Frontispiece: In Vivo Residue‐Specific Dopa‐Incorporated Engineered Mussel Bioglue with Enhanced Adhesion and Water Resistance (2014)

Adhesive Proteins Mussel glue with a very high Dopa content was engineered through residue-specific Dopa incorporation in Escherichia coli, as described by H. J. Cha et al. in their Communication on page 13360 ff. The bioglue exhibits strong adhesion and water-resistance.
Lutein Accumulation in the Absence of Zeaxanthin Restores Nonphotochemical Quenching in the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana npq1</i> Mutant  (2009)

Plants protect themselves from excess absorbed light energy through thermal dissipation, which is measured as nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). The major component of NPQ, qE, is induced by high transthylakoid DeltapH in excess light and depends on the xanthophyll cycle, in which violaxanthin and antheraxanthin are deepoxidized to form zeaxanthin. To investigate the xanthophyll dependence of qE, we identified suppressor of zeaxanthin-less1 (szl1) as a suppressor of the Arabidopsis thaliana npq1 mutant, which lacks zeaxanthin. szl1 npq1 plants have a partially restored qE but lack zeaxanthin and have low levels of violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and neoxanthin. However, they accumulate more lutein and alpha-carotene than the wild type. szl1 contains a point mutation in the lycopene beta-cyclase (LCYB) gene. Based on the pigment analysis, LCYB appears to be the major lycopene beta-cyclase and is not involved in neoxanthin synthesis. The Lhcb4 (CP29) and Lhcb5 (CP26) protein levels are reduced by 50% in szl1 npq1 relative to the wild type, whereas other Lhcb proteins are present at wild-type levels. Analysis of carotenoid radical cation formation and leaf absorbance changes strongly suggest that the higher amount of lutein substitutes for zeaxanthin in qE, implying a direct role in qE, as well as a mechanism that is weakly sensitive to carotenoid structural properties.
Ligand Enabling Visible Wavelength Excitation of Europium(III) for Fluoroimmunoassays in Aqueous Micellar Solutions (2012)

Fluorescent reporters based on lanthanide ions, such as europium chelates, enable highly sensitive detection in immunoassays and other ligand binding assays. Unfortunately they normally require UV-excitation produced by a xenon flash or nitrogen laser light source. In order to use modern solid state excitation sources such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), these reporters need to be excited at wavelengths longer than 365 nm, where high-powered ultraviolet LEDs are available. A novel ligand, 9-ethyl-3,6-bis(5',5',5',4',4'-pentafluoro-1',3'-dioxopentyl)carbazole (bdc), was synthesized to efficiently excite europium(III) at wavelengths up to 450 nm in micellar solutions, and its performance was compared to a commercially available DELFIA enhancement solution. The detection limit of Eu(III) with the bdc-ligand using 365 nm excitation was determined to be 63 fM, which is 3 times lower than with the DELFIA solution. The bdc-ligand enabled sensitive detection of europium(III) ions in solution using 365 nm excitation and displayed similar sensitivity and functionality as commercially available DELFIA enhancement solution. Therefore, this novel enhancement solution might be a feasible alternative in producing time-resolved fluorescence under LED-excitation.
Induced seismic deformation in the Cogdell oil field of west Texas (1989)

A sequence of induced earthquakes occurred at the Cogdell oil field in west Texas from about 1974 to 1982. The earthquakes occurred within an array of injecting wells which surrounded the perimeter of the field and which decreased in radius during the life of the injection project. We examine this sequence of earthquakes in terms of two failure models. In the first model, seismic failure occurs when and where fluid pressures exceed some critical value. In the second model, earthquakes occur at the edges of low fluid pressure areas where stresses have been transferred as a result of aseismic deformation in adjacent high fluid pressure regions. We calculate the history of fluid pressures in the Cogdell field using the Theis equation for fluid flow in an areally infinite aquifer. The calculations show that the earthquakes occur in a region of relatively low pressure surrounded by regions of higher fluid pressure. The Cogdell earthquakes may occur on pre-existing faults. However, fluid pressures are sufficiently high in surrounding portions of the field to also produce failure. A long time delay between the start of injection and the onset of seismicity may correspond to the time required for fluid pressures on a pre-existing fault to reach critical values or may be the result of an evolving injection pattern whereby the inward migration of injecting wells produces aseismic failure which loads stress onto stronger regions within the center of the field. 

Injection of fluids for secondary recovery occurs at over three thousand sites in the state of Texas. Many of these sites are geographically near Cogdell, and many have higher injection pressures and volumes of injected fluid than Cogdell. However, they do not exhibit any seismicity. A failure model which incorporates stress loading suggests that the perimeter injection pattern is responsible for the onset of seismicity. A consequence of this interpretation is that many other injection fields may be undergoing large amounts of aseismic deformation.
Diagnosing and solving over-determined constraint satisfaction problems (1993)

Constraint relaxation is a frequently used technique for managing over-determined constraint satisfaction problems. A problem in constraint relaxation is the selection of the appropriate constraints. We show that methods developed in model-based diagnosis solve this problem. The resulting method, DOC, an abbreviation for Diagnosis of Over-determined Constraint Satisfaction Problems, identifies the set of least important constraints that should be relaxed to solve the remaining constraint satisfaction problem. If the solution is not acceptable for a user, DOC selects next-best sets of least-important constraints until an acceptable solution has been generated. The power of DOC is illustrated by a case study of scheduling the Dutch major league soccer competition. The current schedule is made using human insight and Operations Research methods. Using DOC, the 1992-1993 schedule has been improved by reducing the number and importance of the violated constraints by 56%. The case study revealed that efficiency improvement is a major issue in order to apply this method to large-scale over-determined scheduling and constraint satisfaction problems. 1
An alternative reference space for H&E color normalization (2017)

Digital imaging of H&E stained slides has enabled the application of image processing to support pathology workflows. Potential applications include computer-aided diagnostics, advanced quantification tools, and innovative visualization platforms. However, the intrinsic variability of biological tissue and the vast differences in tissue preparation protocols often lead to significant image variability that can hamper the effectiveness of these computational tools. We developed an alternative representation for H&E images that operates within a space that is more amenable to many of these image processing tools. The algorithm to derive this representation operates by exploiting the correlation between color and the spatial properties of the biological structures present in most H&E images. In this way, images are transformed into a structure-centric space in which images are segregated into tissue structure channels. We demonstrate that this framework can be extended to achieve color normalization, effectively reducing inter-slide variability.
Dramatic Enhancement of CO<sub>2</sub> Uptake by Poly(ethyleneimine) Using Zirconosilicate Supports (2012)

The CO(2) adsorption characteristics of prototypical poly(ethyleneimine)/silica composite adsorbents can be drastically enhanced by altering the acid/base properties of the oxide support via incorporation of Zr into the silica support. Introduction of an optimal amount of Zr resulted in a significant improvement in the CO(2) capacity and amine efficiency under dilute (simulated flue gas) and ultradilute (simulated ambient air) conditions. Adsorption experiments combined with detailed characterization by thermogravimetric analysis, temperature-programmed desorption, and in situ FT-IR spectroscopy clearly demonstrate a stabilizing effect of amphoteric Zr sites that enhances the adsorbent capacity, regenerability, and stability over continued recycling. It is suggested that the important role of the surface properties of the oxide support in these polymer/oxide composite adsorbents has been largely overlooked and that the properties may be even further enhanced in the future by tuning the acid/base properties of the support.
Unusual COOH-terminal structure of staphylococcal protease. (1978)

The extracellular enzyme, staphylococcal protease, carries a COOH-terminal tryptic peptide of 43 amino acid residues most of which are aspartic acid, asparagine, and proline. This peptide might have a function equivalent to that of a similar segment previously observed at the NH2-terminal end of the membrane-bound penicillinase precursor of Bacillus licheniformis (Yamamoto, S., and Lampen, J. O. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 73, 1457-1461). These observations would suggest that bacterial exoproteins which are secreted in the form of precursors differ from extracellular proteins by the presence of an extra segment at their NH2- and/or COOH-terminal ends.
DeepSort: deep convolutional networks for sorting haploid maize seeds (2018)

Our proposed method DeepSort based on the convolutional network is robust to the variation in the phenotypic expression, shape of the corn seeds, and the embryo pose with respect to the camera. In the era of modern digital agriculture, deep learning and convolutional networks will continue to play an important role in advancing research and product development within the agricultural industry.
Distribution and molecular variability of begomoviruses affecting economically important crops in Cuba: epiphytiological element (2010)

Introduction The results presented here describe studies on the distribution, molecular variability and epiphytiology of begomoviruses in Cuba, mainly focused on those affecting tomato. The work presents prospection results that have allowed the examination of the distribution of these viruses among the main areas of tomato culture in the country, identifying those with the highest affectation and examining the main epidemiological factors infl uencing on the large rates of incidence and the high severity of the infestations, as well as monitoring and demonstrating the adaptability of TYLCV-IL(CU) to the agricultural ecosystems of Cuban tomato. Further knowledge on the molecular evolution of begomoviruses has been provided, evidencing their potential colonization of other ecological habitats such as pepper, bean and pumpkin cultures, which may function as natural, active reservoirs for TYLCV-IL(CU). Importantly, two new species of bipartite begomoviruses infecting tomato, pepper and tobacco crops are described, under the proposed names of Tobacco Yellow Crinkle Virus (TbYCV, infecting tobacco and pepper) and Tomato Yellow Leave Distortion Virus (ToYLDV, infecting tomato crops). The use of total DNA sequencing in symptomatically infected tobacco plants also detected the presence in this crop of another begomovirus which, although representing a variant of the previously known Euphorbia mosaic virus instead of a new species of the genus, is however detected in Cuba for the fi rst time. The identifi cation and partial sequencing of regions of taxonomic relevance demonstrated the presence and diversity of begomoviral populations in weeds, a very important topic given the potential interaction of these populations with economically important crops and their possible contribution to genetic diversity through recombination events that may give rise to new, more aggressive or better adapted viral species. The results obtained here arise from an integral approach to the study of the alterations to agricultural systems that includes both, biological and molecular changes shaping the emergence of a viral disease and its evolution towards increased severity in the interface between natural ecosystems and productive ecosystems, which are completely managed by man.
[Malignant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by the Arg723Gly mutation in beta-myosin heavy chain gene in a Chinese pedigree]. (2006)

Arg723Gly mutation was also one of the main disease-causing genes in Chinese familial HCM. The mutation of Arg723Gly is a malignant phenotype as shown by early progressive heart failure development and poor prognosis in this pedigree with Arg723Gly mutation.
The Development of High-Strength Coiled Tubing with Improved Fatigue Performance and H2S Resistance (2015)

Abstract In the recent years coiled tubing (CT) has become an integral part of many well completion programs. The trend is to higher-strength CT, larger tube diameters and higher pumping pressures while employing relatively small CT spools to satisfy transportation logistics. Coiled tubing is now routinely used at stress and strain levels that significantly exceed prior experience. These conditions have identified limitations within currently available CT products. Today there is a need for higher-strength CT grades with better resistance to severe environments and better fatigue performance in both the tube body and bias weld. A detailed study of the metallurgical basis of each production step was performed in order to understand the limitations of the current CT technology and manufacturing process. This understanding, coupled with the goal of developing new CT grades that satisfy new market demands, has resulted in a complete redesign of the CT technology and manufacturing process. Extensive trials have been performed, and a prototype manufacturing facility has been constructed to produce new tubing grades. Comprehensive mechanical testing, metallurgical evaluation, low-cycle fatigue testing, and sour (wet H2S) exposure testing of new 110 ksi and 125 ksi grades produced by the new manufacturing process were conducted. The fatigue testing was performed over a broad range of bending strain and hoop stress that anticipates severe operating conditions. Sour exposure testing included static, sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) testing, as well as dynamic, low-cycle fatigue testing after sour exposure. Laboratory and field testing of commercial-size strings has shown the fatigue life of the new CT grades exceeds the fatigue life of currently available high-strength grades. Additionally, the bias-weld fatigue life is improved significantly, both in general and relative to the base-tube fatigue life. SSC resistance of the new CT grades is considerably better than the SSC resistance of the conventional CT grades with the same strength, making it possible to increase the tubing material strength by about 20 ksi to 30 ksi without deteriorating the sour resistance. The paper presents comprehensive information on the new CT grades, their performance in various environments under a wide range of loading conditions, as well as the qualification of the new tubing grades for field use. This allows CT operators and users to select more suitable CT grades for their applications. These new tubing grades also can enable field operations with coiled tubing that cannot be conducted safely and reliably with the currently available tubing grades.
X-Ray Analysis Software (2007)

XRAYS is a suite of programs related to scientific software in general and xray and neutron scattering problems in particular. It is expected to bean ongoing program involving collaboration with other facilities. It is expected to include legacy and other existing software as well as new applications and new interfaces for existing applications.
Characteristics of Dual Mode Mufflers (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Automobile exhaust system engineers have conflicting goals which must be achieved to meet customer demands for improved vehicle performance and quietness. They must reduce exhaust system pressure loss which improves volumetric efficiency of the engine and increases power output. At the same time they must reduce the discharge noise from the exhaust system to achieve desired noise levels for the vehicle.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This study presents an analysis of the basic characteristics of discharge gas noise of internal combustion engines and presents solutions which reduces exhaust system pressure loss and reduces discharge noise level. The solution involves a technique utilizing a flow control valve to control discharge gas flow and control the propagation of sound waves toward the exhaust piping system. The effect is to muffle the subharmonic element in the low speed range of the engine. This element is resonant and becomes amplified in the piping system increasing noise level. The valve also reduces jet noise and pressure loss at the end of the tail pipe during high speed operation of the engine.</div>
An improved method for the determination of bacitracin in animal feeds (1971)

The determination of small amounts of bacitracin in animal feeds has been studied. It was expected that by using acidified methanol as the only organic solvent in the extraction procedure and phosphate buffer, undesired proteins would not be dissolved and the use of the toxic solvent pyridine might be avoided. Bacitracin could then be determined in the final extract by using microbiological methods, in which methanol interferes less than pyridine. The method reported here has been used for feed mixtures with various zinc bacitracin contents in the range from 5 to 350 p.p.m.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cervical and Lumbar Spondylosis in Interventional Electrophysiologists (2011)

There is a significant increased prevalence of cervical spondylosis among interventional electrophysiologists. Programs to improve ergonomics and minimize time spent wearing lead are needed. The same vigilance that is used to ensure radiation safety in the laboratory should be applied to create ergonomic safety.
Beyond Grids: Learning Graph Representations for Visual Recognition (2018)

We propose learning graph representations from 2D feature maps for visual recognition. Our method draws inspiration from region based recognition, and learns to transform a 2D image into a graph structure. The vertices of the graph define clusters of pixels (regions), and the edges measure the similarity between these clusters in a feature space. Our method further learns to propagate information across all vertices on the graph, and is able to project the learned graph representation back into 2D grids. Our graph representation facilitates reasoning beyond regular grids and can capture long range dependencies among regions. We demonstrate that our model can be trained from end-to-end, and is easily integrated into existing networks. Finally, we evaluate our method on three challenging recognition tasks: semantic segmentation, object detection and object instance segmentation. For all tasks, our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Using Ontologies to Strengthen Folksonomies and Enrich Information Retrieval in Weblogs (2007)

While free-tagging classification is widely used in social soft-ware implementations and especially in weblogs, it raises var-ious issues regarding information retrieval. In this paper, we describe an approach that mixes folksonomies and semantic web technologies in order to solve some of these problems, and to enrich information retrieval capabilities among blog posts. We first introduce the corporate context of the study and the issues we have faced that motivated our approach. Then, we argue how the use of domain ontologies combined with the SIOC vocabulary on the top of an existing folksonomy and weblogging platform offers a way to get rid of free-tagging classification flaws, and enhances information retrieval by suggesting related blog posts. Aside of the theoretical background, this paper also fo-cuses on implementation. We present experimental results of this approach through the example of add-ons to a cor-porate blogging platform and the associated semantic web search engine, that extensively uses RDF and other semantic web technologies to find appropriate information and suggest related posts.
Peak-to-average reduction via optimal Walsh code allocation in third generation CDMA systems (2002)

The effect of a specific set of assigned Walsh functions and the resulting variation in the amplitude, specifically the peak-to-average ratio of the amplitude of the transmit waveform from a base station in a cdma2000 system is studied. An easily implementable algorithm for optimally assigning the Walsh functions, with the objective of minimizing the peak-to-average ratio of the amplitude of the transmit waveform in an operating cdma2000 system is proposed. The use of orthogonal signals as an alternative to the Walsh functions is also considered with respect to the resulting variation in the peak-to-average ratio of the transmitted waveform.
Novel anticoagulants based on inhibition of the factor Vila/tissue factor pathway (1998)

Chiron Technologies, Chiron Corp., Emeryville, California, USA. Requests for reprints to Kirk Johnson PhD, Chiron Technologies, Chiron Corp., 4560 Horton St, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA. Tel: 510 923 4215; fax: 510 923 1298
Cerium(III) Chloride: A Highly Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles (2007)

Abstract We report a highly efficient, one‐pot, three‐component condensation of carbonyl compounds, amines, and TMSCN in MeCN; the reaction is significantly promoted by the catalytic amount of cerium(III) chloride at ambient temperature in excellent yields without any adverse effect on the other substituents. The method afforded an elegant alternative to the synthesis of α‐aminonitriles. The reactions are fast and clean, and the products obtained are of high purity.