gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth mechanism of atomic layer deposition of zinc oxide: A density functional theory approach (2013)

Atomic layer deposition of zinc oxide (ZnO) using diethylzinc (DEZ) and water is studied using density functional theory. The reaction pathways between the precursors and ZnO surface sites are discussed. Both reactions proceed by the formation of intermediate complexes on the surface. The Gibbs free energy of the formation of these complexes is positive at temperatures above ∼120 °C and ∼200 °C for DEZ and water half-reactions, respectively. Spectroscopic ellipsometry results show that the growth per cycle changes at approximately the same temperatures.
The Effect of an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor (Sorbinil) on the Level of Metabolites in Lenses of Diabetic Rats (1983)

This study examined the effect of an aldose reductase inhibitor (Sorbinil, CP 45634, Pfizer, Sandwich, Kent, United Kingdom) on the metabolite profile of the lens during the first week after induction of diabetes with alloxan. The lens content of sorbitol, fructose, glycerol 3-phosphate, and glucose 6-phosphate was, respectively, 0.33 +/- 0.03, 0.55 +/- 0.05, 0.10 +/- 0.01, and 0.074 +/- 0.006 mumol/g (means +/- SEM) in the control group rising to 12.2 +/- 0.52, 3.20 +/- 0.10, 0.76 +/- 0.10, and 0.200 +/- 0.009 in lenses from alloxan-diabetic rats. Sorbinil treatment (40 mg/kg) decreased the lens content of sorbitol to 0.60 +/- 0.06, fructose to 0.85 +/- 0.08, and glycerol 3-phosphate to 0.36 +/- 0.03 mumol/g; glucose 6-phosphate remained unchanged. Significantly, the lens content of glutathione was decreased to 60% of the normal value in the diabetic group, but was sustained at normal levels with Sorbinil treatment. The ATP content of the lens was not altered by diabetes or Sorbinil treatment at this time interval. Sorbinil has no significant effect on the above metabolites in the normal rat lens. The effect of Sorbinil in restoring normal levels of glutathione and glycerol 3-phosphate may be a potentially important facet of the action of this drug. The interlocking of metabolic pathways by the redox state of NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH, their derangement in diabetes, and the wider effects of Sorbinil on the network of reactions in the lens are discussed.
Spacer-Arms in Affinity Chromatography: the Need for a More Rigorous Approach (1973)

Conference Article| January 01 1973 Spacer-Arms in Affinity Chromatography: the Need for a More Rigorous Approach P. O'CARRA; P. O'CARRA 1Department of Biochemistry, University College, Galway, Irish Republic Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. BARRY; S. BARRY 1Department of Biochemistry, University College, Galway, Irish Republic Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar T. GRIFFIN T. GRIFFIN 1Department of Biochemistry, University College, Galway, Irish Republic Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1973) 1 (1): 289–290. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0010289 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation P. O'CARRA, S. BARRY, T. GRIFFIN; Spacer-Arms in Affinity Chromatography: the Need for a More Rigorous Approach. Biochem Soc Trans 1 January 1973; 1 (1): 289–290. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0010289 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1973 Biochemical Society1973 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
An adaptive constructive solution generator for ship scheduling DSS (2007)

It is well known that problems solved by a decision support system (DSS) is often only an approximation to the real problem, simplifying some of the features, to be able to find solutions to the problem. A decision maker, DM, might in these circumstances be equally interested in a set of good, diverse, solutions, than in only the optimal solution as produced by the model. As modern search techniques are able to produce a plethora of solutions, some distinguishing measure based on structural difference between solutions is needed in addition to the quality measure normally used. We present a self-learning restart heuristic for solving ship scheduling problems, adapted to a DSS. The heuristic is based on a set partitioning formulation of the shipping scheduling problem where columns are heuristically generated a priori. The resulting problem is solved repeatedly by a constructive heuristic with learning weights on both ships and cargoes, guiding the solution process towards diverse high quality solutions. A new diversification measure is introduced. Finally, a selection of the solutions from the construction process is subjected to local search. 1.
CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides induce TNF-alpha and IL-6 production but not degranulation from murine bone marrow-derived mast cells. (2001)

Mast cells are sentinel cells critical to the initiation of innate immune and inflammatory responses, particularly at mucosal surfaces. To fulfill this function they can be activated by several pathogen-associated stimuli to produce cytokines with or without concurrent degranulation. We examined the ability of immunostimulatory DNA sequences including CpG motifs, which are found in increased quantities in bacterial DNA, to activate mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMC). Mast cells were treated with a range of doses of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides or control oligodeoxynucleotides without CpG within their sequence. There was a dose-dependent increase in the production of both interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by mast cells treated with the CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides. The cytokine levels induced were directly related to the number of CpG within a given length of sequence. Treatment with oligonucleotides containing 3CpG induced an eightfold increase in TNF production over control incubated mast cells. Other cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-4, interferon-gamma, and IL-12 were not induced by oligonucleotide treatment. Neither CpG containing oligodeoxynucleotides nor control oligodeoxynucleotides induced degranulation of mast cells. Bacterial DNA from Escherichia coli also induced IL-6 from mBMMC but neither calf thymus DNA nor methylase-treated E. coli DNA had such an effect. Examination of the uptake of Texas red-labeled CpG and non-CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides revealed that they were both similarly taken up by the mBMMC. These results have important implications for the mechanism by which mast cells respond to bacteria and for the potential role of mast cells in DNA vaccination.
Airway Epithelia (2003)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common inherited disorder affecting a variety of epithelial tissues. The disease is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) that lead to abnormal secretions, recurrent infection and inflammation, bronchiectasis, and premature death. Because airways disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis, gene therapy efforts have focused on luminal delivery of vector to the airways of CF patients. Retroviruses are attractive as a gene transfer vector system since integration of the wild-type CFTR cDNA into the host genome may lead to long-term expression and perhaps, a cure. However, simple retroviruses are limited as vectors for airway gene transfer by the low rates of epithelial cell proliferation in human airways (∼0.1–0.2%) combined with the traditionally low titers. Advances in vector design and production have improved titers, and the development of human and animal lentiviruses may help overcome the requirement for cell proliferation. These developments have raised hopes for retroviral approaches for treatment of CF lung disease.
Amperometric Metronidazole Sensor Based on the Supermolecular Recognition by Metalloporphyrin Incorporated In Carbon Paste Electrode (2003)

An amperometric metronidazole (MTZ) sensor using a glycosylated metalloporphyrin as a recognition element, which was incorporated in a carbon paste electrode, is reported. For the preparation of a MTZ-sensitive active material, 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis [2-(2, 3, 4, 6-tetraacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-O-phenyl]porphyrin (T(oglu) PPH2) and its Mn(III) complex MnT(o-glu)PPCl were synthesized from the reaction of pyrrole with ortho-acetylglycosylated benzaldehyde by Lindsay’s method. The MnT(oglu) PPCl-modified electrode showed excellent selectivity toward MTZ with respect to a number of interferents and exhibited stable response. The calibration graph obtained with the proposed sensor was linear over the range of 2.9×10-3-5.8×10-8 M/L, with a detection limit of 5.8×10-8 M/L for MTZ. Cyclic voltammetric measurements indicated that MnT(oglu) PPCl included in graphite-epoxy resin matrices could efficiently mediate electron transfer from the base electrode to MTZ causing a decrease of reduction potential for MTZ detection. The sensor could be regenerated by simply polishing with an alumina paper, with an excellent reproducibility (RSD=1.6%). The experimental conditions such as pH and applied working potential were optimized. The prepared sensor is applied for the determination of MTZ in pharmaceutical preparations and the results agreed with the values obtained by the pharmacopoeia method.
System for monitoring lightning strikes (1979)

System for monitoring lightning strikes utilizes optical data link between lightning sensor and recording instruments thus making data link immune to electrical interference induced in wires by huge burst of energy in lightning strikes. It also protects people and equipment at data receiving end from electrical shock.
Coarse woody debris in undisturbed and logged forests in the eastern Brazilian Amazon (2004)

Abstract Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important component of the carbon cycle in tropical forests. We measured the volume and density of fallen CWD at two sites, Cauaxi and Tapajós in the Eastern Amazon. At both sites we studied undisturbed forests (UFs) and logged forests 1 year after harvest. Conventional logging (CL) and reduced impact logging (RIL) were used for management on areas where the geometric volumes of logs harvested was about 25–30 m 3 ha −1 . Density for five classes of fallen CWD for large material (>10 cm diameter) ranged from 0.71 to 0.28 Mg m −3 depending upon the degree of decomposition. Density of wood within large fallen logs varied with position relative to the ground and with distance from the center of the log. Densities for materials with diameters from 2 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm were 0.36 and 0.45 Mg m −3 , respectively. The average mass (±SE) of fallen CWD at Cauaxi was 55.2 (4.7), 74.7 (0.6), and 107.8 (10.5) Mg ha −1 for duplicate UF, RIL, and CL sites, respectively. At Tapajós, the average mass of fallen CWD was 50.7 (1.1) Mg ha −1 for UF and 76.2 (10.2) Mg ha −1 for RIL for duplicate sites compared with 282 Mg ha −1 for live aboveground biomass. Small‐ and medium‐sized material (<10 cm dia.) accounted for 8–18% of the total fallen CWD mass. The large amount of fallen CWD at these UF sites relative to standing aboveground biomass suggests either that the forests have recently been subjected to a pulse of high mortality or that they normally suffer a high mortality rate in the range of 0.03 per year. Accounting for background CWD in UF, CL management produced 2.7 times as much CWD as RIL management. Excess CWD at logging sites would generate a substantial CO 2 emission given the high rates of decay in moist tropical forests.
A production demonstration of wafer-to-wafer plasma gate etch control by adaptive real-time computation of the over-etch time from in situ process signals (1995)

An adaptive nonlinear controller for wafer-to-wafer plasma etch control is described. It uses real-time process signatures and historical data from a relational database for a computation of the over-etch time for the current wafer etching within the reactor. For an MOS gate etch the standard deviation of the oxide thickness between the gate and the source (or drain) is in the range of 10 /spl Aring/. This is comparable to open-loop control or timed etch where the operator selects the ideal over-etch time. The controller has thus achieved a minimum of human equivalence and often performs better by 40%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Giardia</i> , <i>Entamoeba</i> , and <i>Trichomonas</i> Enzymes Activate Metronidazole (Nitroreductases) and Inactivate Metronidazole (Nitroimidazole Reductases) (2008)

Infections with Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Trichomonas vaginalis, which cause diarrhea, dysentery, and vaginitis, respectively, are each treated with metronidazole. Here we show that Giardia, Entamoeba, and Trichomonas have oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase (ntr) genes which are homologous to those genes that have nonsense mutations in metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates. Entamoeba and Trichomonas also have nim genes which are homologous to those genes expressed in metronidazole-resistant Bacteroides fragilis isolates. Recombinant Giardia, Entamoeba, and Trichomonas nitroreductases used NADH rather than the NADPH used by Helicobacter, and two recombinant Entamoeba nitroreductases increased the metronidazole sensitivity of transformed Escherichia coli strains. Conversely, the recombinant nitroimidazole reductases (NIMs) of Entamoeba and Trichmonas conferred very strong metronidazole resistance to transformed bacteria. The Ehntr1 gene of the genome project HM-1:IMSS strain of Entamoeba histolytica had a nonsense mutation, and the same nonsense mutation was present in 3 of 22 clinical isolates of Entamoeba. While ntr and nim mRNAs were variably expressed by cultured Entamoeba and Trichomonas isolates, there was no relationship to metronidazole sensitivity. We conclude that microaerophilic protists have bacterium-like enzymes capable of activating metronidazole (nitroreductases) and inactivating metronidazole (NIMs). While Entamoeba and Trichomonas displayed some of the changes (nonsense mutations and gene overexpression) associated with metronidazole resistance in bacteria, these changes did not confer metronidazole resistance to the microaerophilic protists examined here.
Exact optics – VI. Schmidt cameras and prime correctors (2008)

The methods of exact optics are here extended to cover the design of lens and mirror systems. Power series are given for the shapes of both Schmidt corrector plates and their complementary almost spherical mirrors. Their off-axis images are analysed. A meniscus glass corrector extends the prime focus field of an f/3.333 reflector with subarcsecond images by a factor greater than 10.
Perfluoropropylation of aromatic compounds with bis(heptafluorobutyryl) peroxide (1985)

M. Yoshida, H. Amemiya, M. Kobayashi, H. Sawada, H. Hagii and K. Aoshima, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 234 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000234
2,4-D metabolism: pathway of degradation of chlorocatechols by Arthrobacter sp (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,4-D metabolism: pathway of degradation of chlorocatechols by Arthrobacter spJames M. Tiedje, J. M. Duxbury, Martin Alexander, and J. E. DawsonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1969, 17, 5, 1021–1026Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60165a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60165a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views515Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Global Localization Robust to GPS Outages using a Vertical Ladar (2006)

This paper presents a localization strategy for vehicles in urban environments by mapping and updating natural landmarks provided by a 2D ladar (laser range scanner) when GPS data is unavailable or has a too poor quality because of multi-tracks or bad satellite visibility. The method relies on an approach that takes profit of successive passages in the same area. From the modelling point of view, a particularity of the method is due to the use of linear landmarks - sidewalk edges - which implies the management of topological connections. Real experiments carried out in real conditions prove the feasibility of this approach
A NEW PIEZOELECTRIC MICROACTUATOR WITH TRANSVERSE AND LATERAL CONTROL OF HEAD POSITIONING SYSTEMS FOR HIGH DENSITY HARD DISK DRIVES (2005)

In high density magnetic hard disk drives, both fast track seeking and extremely accurate positioning of the read/write head are required. A new piezoelectric microactuator with transverse and lateral control of the head positioning system for high density hard disk drives is proposed. First, the structure of the new piezoelectric microactuator is illustrated. Design of the new microactuator is based on the axial deformation of piezoelectric elements for lateral motion and the bimorph actuation of piezoelectric elements for transverse motion. Next, a mathematical model of the microactuator system is defined. Static properties associated with the displacement of the system are evaluated and then dynamic system equations of the system are evaluated. Frequency response of the system is studied based on the dynamic system equations of the actuator system. Dynamic properties of the system with a variety of system parameters are evaluated. Finally, the controller design for the actuator is presented. Simulation results show that the new actuator achieves a maximum stroke of displacement of more than 0.2m with servo bandwidth of more than 5 kHz in the lateral direction and the flying height is decreased to less than 6 nm with resonance frequency of more than 100 kHz under the 0.5 % damping assumption. The new piezoelectric microactuator improves performance of high density hard disk drives by increasing servo bandwidth and decreasing flying height.
Crystallization of β-lactose under elevated storage temperature in spray-dried milk powder (1984)

Etude de l'influence de la quantite d'eau residuelle et de la temperature sur la stabilite du lactose dans du lait en poudre. Analyse au microscope electronique a balayage des phenomenes de cristallisation du lactose
Extracellular Lactate: A Novel Measure of T Cell Proliferation (2017)

Following activation, T cells rapidly divide and acquire effector functions. This energetically demanding process depends upon the ability of T cells to undergo metabolic remodeling from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, during which glucose is converted into lactate and released extracellularly. In this article, we demonstrate that extracellular lactate can be used to dynamically assess human T cell responses in vitro. Extracellular lactate levels strongly correlated with T cell proliferation, and measuring lactate compared favorably with traditional methods for determining T cell responses (i.e., [<sup>3</sup>H]thymidine incorporation and the use of cell proliferation dyes). Furthermore, we demonstrate the usefulness of measuring lactate as a read-out in conventional suppression assays and high-throughput peptide-screening assays. Extracellular lactate was stably produced over 7 d, and results were reproducibly performed over several freeze-thaw cycles. We conclude that the use of extracellular lactate measurements can be a sensitive, safe, stable, and easy-to-implement research tool for measuring T cell responses and cellular metabolic changes in vitro.
Controllable‐Nitrogen Doped Carbon Layer Surrounding Carbon Nanotubes as Novel Carbon Support for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2012)

Abstract Novel nitrogen‐doped carbon layer surrounding carbon nanotubes composite (NC‐CNT) (N/C ratio 3.3–14.3 wt.%) as catalyst support has been prepared using aniline as a dispersant to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and as a source for both carbon and nitrogen coated on the surface of the CNTs, where the amount of doped nitrogen is controllable. The NC‐CNT so obtained were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms. A uniform dispersion of Pt nanoparticles (ca. 1.5–2.0 nm) was then anchored on the surface of NC‐CNT by using aromatic amine as a stabilizer. For these Pt/NC‐CNTs, cyclic voltammogram measurements show a high electrochemical activity surface area (up to 103.7 m 2 g –1 ) compared to the commercial E‐TEK catalyst (55.3 m 2 g –1 ). In single cell test, Pt/NC‐CNT catalyst has greatly enhanced catalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction, resulting in an enhancement of ca. 37% in mass activity compared with that of E‐TEK.
NARRATOLOGIA NO ARQUIVO DA LITERATURA * NARRATOLOGY IN THE ARCHIVE OF LITERATURE (2016)

Resumo:Os historiadores literários estão escavando uma grande variedade de formas literárias esquecidas, o que coloca uma questão das mais importantes: como apreender a especificidade dessas obras. A leitura cerrada e a leitura sintomática têm sido, até aqui, as ferramentas mais importantes usadas pelo críticos literários, mas elas se mostram ineficazes para lidar com romances que não se conformam com os paradigmas realista e modernista. O artigo ilustra esse método através da redescoberta da ficção de aventura marítima enquanto uma influente prática transnacional do romance de Defoe a Conrad.Palavras-chave: narratologia; arquivo; ficção marítima Abstract:The literary historians are excavating a great range of forgotten literary forms, which posits the important question on how to apprehend their specificity. So far, close reading and symptomatic reading have been the most important tools used by literary critics, but they are unable to deal with novels that do not conform to the realist and modernist paradigms. The article examines this return to the archive discusses the methodology necessary to grasp these forgotten forms. The article illustrates this method through the rediscovery of sea adventure fiction as an influential transnational practice of the novel from Defoe to Conrad.Keywords: narratology; archive; sea adventure fiction