gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of Organosilicones in Microwave Discharges (1980)

Abstract Plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSZ) monomers has been carried out in audio- (2 kHz, 20 kHz), radio- (5 MHz), but principally in microwave (2.45 GHz) frequency discharges. Film growth kinetics on glass and aluminum substrates have been studied by thickness and gravimetric measurements; the combined data have led to precise determinations of the film densities. The density data, in turn, provide strong evidence for a hitherto unreported structural feature, namely, that films are composed of a dense solid phase, and a thin (∼ 500 Å) “oligomeric” surface layer. The solid component is about 70% denser than the equivalent “conventional” polymer, and has a marked inorganic character, as revealed clearly by infrared spectroscopy. IR analyses of polymers produced in lower frequency discharges tend to show narrow, well resolved absorption bands. In the case of 2.45 GHz films, on the other hand, bands corresponding to “inorganic” linkages tend to become broader and more intense, and structural features become smeared-out. This is indicative of extensive crosslinking and of the inorganic structural content already mentioned. These results indicate intense fragmentation of monomer molecules in the microwave plasma, as also substantiated by pressure-rise measurements. Radical species created by abstraction of hydrogen, methyl, or other groups are responsible for film formation and growth and for crosslinking reactions within the film.
Targeting hepatic stellate cells for cell-specific treatment of liver fibrosis (2002)

Since hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a crucial role in the development of liver fibrosis, this cell is the major target for anti-fibrotic drugs. Most of the experimental drugs that influenced the HSC activity showed however low efficacy in vivo. Either a low uptake of the compounds in the cells that cause disease might account for this lack of effect, or side-effects in other cells may limit the dosage of the drugs. These side-effects may even counteract the beneficial effects. Therefore a selective delivery of drugs to the HSC may comprise a promising new way to improve liver fibrosis. The targeting to HSC has become a feasible option, because albumin-based carriers have been developed that preferentially distribute to HSC in fibrotic rat livers. In addition to the targeting of drugs, also the selective delivery of genes to HSC in fibrotic livers is of interest for therapeutic purposes and a start is made in this respect. The present review discusses the drugs to be targeted to HSC and summarizes some of the problems encountered during this novel strategy in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Thermotropic Polyesterimides Derived From Trimellitic Acid (1988)

Abstract Two groups of thermotropic poly(ester-imide)s were prepared from trimellitic anhydride (TMA) and various bisphenols. The first group contains α, w-di- amines the second group w-amino acids as flexible spacers. Both groups possess a layered supermolecular structure in the solid state and form a smectic melt above the melting points. The poly(ester-imide)s with diamine spacers possess a regular primary structure, they crystallize rapidly and reach a high degree of crystallinity. Furthermore, they show unusually high heat distortion temperatures (HDTs) which are directly related to their melting points.
PARP inhibitors and epithelial ovarian cancer: an approach to targeted chemotherapy and personalised medicine (2011)

Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have emerged as exciting new chemotherapy options for women with ovarian cancer. They exploit a mechanism known as synthetic lethality by targeting specific DNA repair pathways. Recent Phase II clinical trials have shown great promise in treating women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancers associated with BRCA1/2 mutations. Most importantly, they appear to be associated with only minimal adverse effects. However, up to 50-60% of epithelial ovarian cancers are defective in their ability to repair DNA damage using homologous recombination and could potentially benefit from these agents providing a scope both for targeted chemotherapy and personalised medicine. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating the potential benefit of this agent in treatment of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers and in platinum-resistant disease.
APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC BEARING TECHNOLOGY FOR VIBRATION FREE ROTATING MACHINERY (1987)

ABSTRACT By levitating the rotor of a machine with an actively controlled magnetic field, friction is reduced to negligible values and wear is eliminated. By controlling the magnetic fields through a servo‐control system, the rotor position can be exactly maintained; in addition, automatic balancing and stator vibration control can be provided, producing essentially vibration‐free operation. Tests have been conducted utilizing magnetic bearings in an auxiliary turbine. These tests showed a reduction in vibration level of 25 decibels at the rotational speed when operating with magnetic bearings in place of conventional oil lubricated journal and thrust bearings. Revolutionary friction‐free magnetic bearings have been used in a wide variety of industrial applications including highspeed machine tool spindles, large turbine generators, and natural gas pipeline compressors up to 12,000 horsepower. Application of this technology could ultimately permit extremely quiet operation of rotating machinery without the severe penalties in space and weight required by present noise reduction techniques.
The Advanced Communications Technology Satellite - Performance, Reliability and Lessons Learned (2000)

The Advanced Communications Satellite (ACTS) was conceived and developed in the mid- 1980s as an experimental satellite to demonstrate unproven Ka-band technology, and potential new commercial applications and services. Since launch into geostationary orbit in September 1993. ACTS has accumulated almost seven years of essentially trouble-free operation and met all program objectives. The unique technology, service experiments. and system level demonstrations accomplished by ACTS have been reported in many forums over the past several years. As ACTS completes its final experiments activity, this paper will relate the top-level program goals that have been achieved in the design, operation, and performance of the particular satellite subsystems. Pre-launch decisions to ensure satellite reliability and the subsequent operational experiences contribute to lessons learned that may be applicable to other comsat programs.
Room‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: Impact on Efficiency, Stability and Surface Properties in Perovskite Solar Cells (2016)

In this work, solar cells with a freshly made CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite film showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.4 % whereas the one with 50 days aged perovskite film only 6.1 %. However, when the aged perovskite was covered with a layer of Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at room temperature (RT), the PCE value was clearly enhanced. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study showed that the ALD precursors are chemically active only at the perovskite surface and passivate it. Moreover, the RT-ALD-Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> -covered perovskite films showed enhanced ambient air stability.
Differential proliferative effects of transforming growth factor- <i>beta</i> on human hematopoietic progenitor cells. (1988)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) regulates cell growth and differentiation in numerous cell systems, including several hematopoietic lineages. We used in vitro cultures of highly enriched hematopoietic progenitor cells stimulated by natural and recombinant growth factors to investigate the biologic effects of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 on erythroid (CFU-E and burst-forming unit (BFU)-E), granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and multilineage (i.e., granulocyte, erythroid, macrophage, and megakaryocyte; CFU-GEMM) colony-forming cells. In the absence of exogenous CSF, neither TGF beta 1 nor TGF beta 2 supported progenitor cell growth. In the presence of recombinant or natural CSF, picomolar concentrations of TGF beta 1 inhibited growth of CFU-E, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM and enhanced growth of day 7 CFU-GM. Inhibition of CFU-E and BFU-E by human and porcine TGF beta 1 was similar, ranging from 17 to 73% over a concentration range of 0.05 to 1.0 ng/ml, and was largely independent of the type of burst-promoting activity used (rIL-3 vs cell line 5637-conditioned medium). Inhibition of CFU-GEMM ranged from 79 to 98% over a concentration range of 0.25 to 1.0 ng/ml. The inhibitory effect of TGF beta 1 was progressively lost when its addition was delayed for 40 to 120 h, suggesting a mode of action during early cell divisions. In contrast, growth of CFU-GM stimulated by plateau concentrations of human rG-CSF, rGM-CSF, and rIL-3 was enhanced up to 154 +/- 22% by human TGF beta 1. Porcine platelet-derived TGF beta 2 was essentially without effect on the progenitor populations examined. These results support the hypothesis that TGF beta may play role in the regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation by differentially affecting individual lineages and is apparently capable of doing so in the relative absence of marrow accessory cells.
Application of Microwave Plasmas for the Passivation of Metals (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of Microwave Plasmas for the Passivation of MetalsH. P. Schreiber, Y. B. Tewarl, and M. R. WertheimerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1978, 17, 1, 27–30Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360065a008https://doi.org/10.1021/i360065a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
PEPTIDES OF DEHYDROGENATED AMINO ACIDS (1943)

The use of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in place of benzaldehyde makes accessible .peptidescontaining the dehydrogenated tyrosine residue.
An electrostatic field sensor driven by self-excited vibration of sensor/actuator integrated piezoelectric micro cantilever (2012)

We have developed MEMS-based electrostatic field sensors (MEMS-EFS), which integrate a probe to detect electrostatic field and Pb(Zr, Ti)O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PZT) thin films for sensor and actuator into micro cantilevers. The MEMS-EFS were fabricated through sol-gel deposition of PZT thin films and MEMS microfabrication process. Self-excited vibration of the micro cantilevers has been achieved by amplifying and forwarding the output voltage from the PZT thin films for sensor with a band-pass filter circuit. The developed MEMS-EFS can evaluate an electrostatic field of -3 to 3 kV with good linearity.
Post-exercise systolic blood pressure recovery and adiposity in adults (2010)

To determine the incidence of abnormal or delayed systolic blood pressure recovery (SBPR) in relation to the level of adiposity in the adult population; the risk of delayed SBPR in overweight/obese adults relative to their non-overweight/obese controls; and the best predictor of third-minute systolic blood pressure (SBP) ratio and delayed SBPR among four obesity indices – body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Two hundred and ninety-six apparently healthy adults aged 18–48 years participated in the study. Anthropometric variables were measured, and subjects performed cycle ergometer exercise at 80% age-predicted maximum heart rate. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured before and during exercise. BP was further measured immediately after exercise and subsequently at 2 min intervals until recovery to resting position. The incidence and risk of delayed SBPR were higher in the overweight/obese individuals than those in the non-overweight/obese controls. Multivariable regression analyses revealed that BMI in males and WHtR and WHR in females had the strongest relationships (P < 0.05) with post-exercise SBPR. WHtR and BMI had the strongest associations with increased risk of delayed SBPR in the non-overweight/obese and the overweight/obese individuals, respectively. The present findings suggest that WHtR in the non-obese individuals and BMI in the overweight/obese individuals may be the best obesity variables for the prediction of abnormal post-exercise SBP response. Our findings further suggest that a reduction in body weight through healthy activities such as exercise may reduce the incidence and increased risk of delayed SBPR and its associated cardiovascular risks.
Amplitude and phase controlled adaptive optics system (2006)

An adaptive optics (AO) system is used to control the deformable mirror (DM) actuators for compensating the optical effects introduced by the turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere and distortions produced by the optical elements between the distant object and its local sensor. The typical AO system commands the DM actuators while minimizing the measured wave front (WF) phase error. This is known as the phase conjugator system, which does not work well in the strong scintillation condition because both amplitude and phase are corrupted along the propagation path. In order to compensate for the wave front amplitude, a dual DM field conjugator system may be used. The first and second DM compensate for the amplitude and the phase respectively. The amplitude controller requires the mapping from DM1 actuator command to DM2 intensity. This can be obtained from either a calibration routine or an intensity transport equation, which relates the phase to the intensity. Instead of a dual-DM, a single Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) may control the amplitude and phase independently. The technique uses the spatial carrier frequency and the resulting intensity is related to the carrier modulation, while the phase is the average carrier phase. The dynamical AO performance using the carrier modulation is limited by the actuator frequency response and not by the computational load of the controller algorithm. Simulation of the proposed field conjugator systems show significant improvement for the on-axis performance compared to the phase conjugator system.
Thermostable xylanases produced at 37°C and 45°C by a thermotolerant Aspergillus strain (1997)

Differences between xylanases produced by Aspergillus FP-470 growing under normal (37 degrees C) and temperature stress conditions (45 degrees C) were evaluated. Fungal growth at 45 degrees C was seriously affected. However, the xylanase specific activity was 2.5 times higher than that produced at 37 degrees C. Optimum pH and temperature were 6.5, 80 degrees C and 4.3, 50 degrees C for the xylanases produced at 37 degrees C and 45 degrees C, respectively. Electrophoresis showed that a more complex xylanolytic system was produced at 37 degrees C. Stress induced by temperature produced a decrease in the number of extracellular xylanases released by fungi, but increased the production of some xylanases, possibly essential for growth under stress conditions.
The Effects of Retailer and Consumer Response on Optimal Manufacturer Advertising and Trade Promotion Strategies (1995)

This research examines how retailer and consumer responses influence a manufacturer's optimal advertising and trade promotion plans. We develop a dynamic optimization model which considers the actions of the manufacturer, retailers, and consumers. The manufacturer attempts to maximize its profits by advertising directly to consumers and offering periodic trade deal discounts to the retailer in the hope that the retailer will in turn “pass through” a retailer promotion to the consumer. We show how the manufacturer's optimal allocation depends on consumer response to advertising, consumer response to retailer promotions, retailer inventory carrying cost, and retailer passthrough behavior. For example, we find that retailer carrying costs and promotion wearout play a central role in constraining expenditures on trade promotions. We predict that as trade promotions are designed to eliminate forward buying, manufacturers will find it in their interest to promote more steeply. We also find a natural tendency for advertising and trade dealing to substitute for each other in an optimal plan.
THE LAST MILE (2000)

SUBTITLE: OPPORTUNITIES ARE BECKONING 3PLS TO DEFINE MARKET NICHES THAT BALANCE SPEED AND COST.
OpinionFinder (2005)

OpinionFinder is a system that performs subjectivity analysis, automatically identifying when opinions, sentiments, speculations, and other private states are present in text. Specifically, OpinionFinder aims to identify subjective sentences and to mark various aspects of the subjectivity in these sentences, including the source (holder) of the subjectivity and words that are included in phrases expressing positive or negative sentiments.
Multi-mode fiber coarse WDM grating router using broadband add/drop filters for wavelength re-use (2003)

We demonstrate a grating-router with 37 nm channel spacing and 6 nm FWHM in the 800-900 nm range for WDM over multimode fiber. Broadband thin-film add/drop filters provide wavelength re-use enabling N/spl times/N fully non-blocking interconnection with N wavelengths.
A disposable microsensor for continuous monitoring of free chlorine in water (2004)

We designed, fabricated and tested a low cost, disposable, flow-through sensor to determine the amount of free chlorine in water. The whole sensor cell combining electrodes and a fluidic channel is micromachined on a chemically-inert transparent cyclic olefin copolymer substrate. The advantages are (a) disposability from low cost (b) wide operation range from three-electrode design (c) easy electrical and fluidic interconnection from a chip format, compared to previous works. The sensor showed a good response and linearity in the chlorine concentration ranging from 1.5 to 8 ppm, which applies to common chlorination process.
Studies on the creaming ability of milk (1916)

Along with the general interest in better methods of marketing all kinds of food products has come an interest in the methods used in marketing milk. A realization of the necessity of protecting milk from contamination during handling has resulted in a wide use of the common milk bottle. Because of the defects inherent in the ordinary bottle, other types of packages have been introduced in an attempt to secure a container that absolutely protects the milk and at the same time offers no serious problems in its use.\nWith the present competition among dealers, 110WeVer, in addition to the type of container used, the appearance of the bottled milk must be taken into consideration. The consumer desires to see a deep cream layer on milk because of the common belief that it indicates quality and the dealer who cannot secure this is likely to have considerable complaint. The percentage of fat does not entirely determine the creaming ability; it is a rather common experience to find that with a reasonably large percentage of fat, the cream layer thrown up by milk is exceedingly thin, and it is quite evident that factors other than the percentage of fat present influence the creaming ability. The requests for information regarding the rising of cream on milk has prompted a study of the factors influencing it.
Nonuniform and Variable Arrangements of Ryanodine Receptors Within Mammalian Ventricular Couplons (2014)

Rationale : Single-tilt tomograms of the dyads in rat ventricular myocytes indicated that type 2 ryanodine receptors (RYR2s) were not positioned in a well-ordered array. Furthermore, the orientation and packing strategy of purified type 1 ryanodine receptors in lipid bilayers is determined by the free Mg 2+ concentration. These observations led us to test the hypothesis that RYR2s within the mammalian dyad have multiple and complex arrangements. Objectives : To determine the arrangement of RYR2 tetramers in the dyads of mammalian cardiomyocytes and the effects of physiologically and pathologically relevant factors on this arrangement. Methods and Results : We used dual-tilt electron tomography to produce en-face views of dyads, enabling a direct examination of RYR2 distribution and arrangement. Rat hearts fixed in situ; isolated rat cardiomyocytes permeabilized, incubated with 1 mmol/L Mg 2+ , and then fixed; and sections of human ventricle, all showed that the tetramer packing within a dyad was nonuniform containing a mix of checkerboard and side-by-side arrangements, as well as isolated tetramers. Both phosphorylation and 0.1 mmol/L Mg 2+ moved the tetramers into a predominantly checkerboard configuration, whereas the 4 mmol/L Mg 2+ induced a dense side-by-side arrangement. These changes occurred within 10 minutes of application of the stimuli. Conclusions : The arrangement of RYR2 tetramers within the mammalian dyad is neither uniform nor static. We hypothesize that this is characteristic of the dyad in vivo and may provide a mechanism for modulating the open probabilities of the individual tetramers.
p21 is Associated with the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Non-obese Diabetic Mice (2013)

Recent studies have shown that autologous and allogeneic transplantation of the BM-MSCs had therapeutic effects on T1DM, whereas the BM-MSCs from the NOD mice itself did not have this therapeutic effect. We previously demonstrated that Bone Marrow (BM) -MSCs from the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice had the abnormal migration and adhesion. So we hypothesized that the proliferation and apoptosis of the BM-MSCs from the NOD mice were dysregulated. Our team compared the proliferation and apoptosis between NOD mice and imprinting control region (ICR) mice. Then we assessed whether the NF-κB-p53/p21 pathway was involved in the process. The cell proliferation ability of the BM-MSCs from the NOD mice were significantly decreased, while the percent of apoptotic cells was increased compared to those from the ICR mice. The p21 expression was significantly increased in the NOD-MSCs. The p65 level was enhanced in the BM-MSCs from the NOD mice when compared to the ICR mice, coincided with the expression of p21. Expressions of p65 and p21 were significantly decreased in the -BM-MSCs treated with p65 inhibitor. The knockdown p21 expression reversed the abnormal proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis of the BM-MSCs from the NOD mice. These data provide important preclinical references supporting the basis for further development of autologous MSC-based therapies for type1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).