gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of Reaction Mechanism for Complex Formation of Silicate and Metal Ions in ESI-MS (2015)

エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析法（ESI-MS）を用い，ケイ酸と金属イオンの錯体の溶存状態を正イオン，負イオンの両イオンについて観測した．金属塩化物（MCl2）溶液及びケイ酸とMCl2の溶液において，検出された化学種を比較し，ESI-MS内における反応機構を推測した上で，錯体の安定性について新たな情報を得た．正イオンにおいては，金属元素による加水分解のされやすさを示す結果が得られた．MCl2溶液にケイ酸を添加した溶液においても，金属元素の加水分解のされやすさを反映した結果が得られ，さらに，2族元素間でケイ酸と錯形成しやすい元素が異なることを確認した．負イオンでは，カルシウムイオン（Ca2＋）及びナトリウム（Na＋）イオンとケイ酸の錯体が確認され，これらの元素とケイ酸の錯体は溶存化学種であると判断した．以上のことから，ケイ酸と金属イオンの錯体の安定性は金属イオンの大きさに依存し，Ca2＋及びNa＋との安定性が高いことを示唆する結果が得られた．
Physical and Chemical Processes to Enhance Oil Recovery from Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles (2010)

Abstract Oil recovery from corn fermentation co‐products can provide feedstock for biodiesel production. The effects of physical and chemical processes on oil recovery from condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS) were investigated. Heating disrupted physical interactions in the CCDS and increased oil recovery by 2.5‐fold when temperature was increased from 25 to 59 °C. Oil recovery at acidic pH conditions was significantly greater than at alkaline pH. Oil recovery at alkaline pH was increased by heating and addition of the reducing agent, sodium metabisulfite. Oil extraction using polar solvents isopropanol and butanol achieved greater than 80% oil recovery. When oil was co‐extracted with zein using hexane and ethanol as co‐solvents, the greatest total oil recovery was achieved, 89%. Churning CCDS at pH 3.5, 50 °C for 3 h achieved up to 80% oil recovery. This study provides data for designing further effective methods for oil separation from corn ethanol co‐products.
Growth and characterization of carbon nitride thin films prepared by arc-plasma jet chemical vapor deposition (1995)

Carbon nitride thin films have been successfully grown on nickel substrates by a novel arc-plasma jet chemical vapor deposition. These films were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Small grains (∼0.1 μm) as well as nanocrystallites found in the films were identified to be β-C3N4. Raman spectroscopy also confirmed the existence of β-C3N4 phase in the films through five pronounced Raman bands as expected from the Hooke’s law approximation based on the vibrational frequencies obtained in analogous compound, β-Si3N4.
Frequency-aware PPV: a robust phase macromodel for accurate oscillator noise analysis (2008)

Perturbation projection vector (PPV) is an established technique for oscillator phase noise analysis; However, the PPV method significantly loses accuracy when circuits have large time constants, resulting in over-estimation of oscillator phase noise. In this paper, we show the problem of the PPV phase equation that it ignores the dynamics of oscillator frequency responses, and propose an improved PPV technique: Frequency-Aware PPV (FW-PPV). Using the FW-PPV technique, we derive analytical phase noise equations, which work accurately for all oscillators, especially for oscillators with large time constants. We apply the proposed technique on real oscillator circuits, and compare the results to Cadence Spectre RF. Simulation results show that our method has better accuracy than previous approaches.
Cobalamin-dependent formation of leucine and beta-leucine by rat and human tissue. Changes in pernicious anemia. (1980)

Circulating levels of beta-leucine are elevated in the cobalamin-deficient state of pernicious anemia. Levels of leucine, on the other hand, are much lower. It is proposed that leucine 2,3-aminomutase, the cobalamin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of leucine and beta-leucine, is the affected enzyme in pernicious anemia and causes these results by preventing the synthesis of leucine from beta-leucine. The synthesis of leucine by human leukocytes and hair roots and by rat liver extracts has been shown to occur when either branched chain fatty acids or valine metabolites are the substances. The synthesis is dependent upon adenosylcobalamin and is inhibited by intrinsic factor.
On estimating bounds of the quiescent current for I/sub DDQ/ testing (2002)

The quiescent current (I/sub DDQ/) consumed by an IC is a good indicator of the presence of a large of defects. However, the effectiveness of I/sub DDQ/ testing requires appropriate discriminability of defective and defect-free currents and hence it becomes necessary to estimate the currents involved in order to design the I/sub DDQ/ sensing circuitry. In this work, we present a method to estimate the non-defective I/sub DDQ/ consumption based on a hierarchical approach using layout (device), electrical (cell) and logic (circuit) information. The maximum of the defect-free I/sub DDQ/ is obtained with a technique based on ATPG. The results show that the proposed method gives the maximum defect-free I/sub DDQ/ for small circuits. For large circuits, heuristics to find lower and upper bounds of the maximum defect-free I/sub DDQ/ are presented. Uncertainty margins lower than 15% have been found in the circuits experimented on.
The Production of a Diabetic Mouse Using Constructs Encoding Porcine Insulin Promoter-Driven Mutant Human Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1.ALPHA. (2007)

A diabetic mouse model was produced using a mutant human hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α gene (HNF1αP291fsinsC) regulated by the porcine insulin promoter. The functionality of two different constructs containing HNF1αP291fsinsC, termed PD1 and PD2 (cytomegalovirus enhancer minus and plus), were examined in transgenic mice. The blood glucose levels and body weights of the PD1 transgenic mice did not differ from their non-transgenic littermates over the period from 3 to 8 weeks of age. Conversely, the PD2 transgenic mice exhibited hyperglycemia and decreased body weight. Western blot analysis demonstrated that mutant HNF-1α protein (HNF1αP291), derived from the PD2 transgene, was expressed in the PD2 mice. Morphometric studies of the pancreas of a PD2 mouse revealed that the number of pancreatic islets present was less than that in the non-transgenic mice, indicating disturbed islet neogenesis. These results suggest that impaired insulin secretion in disrupted islets causes hyperglycemia. In addition, the phenotype of PD2 transgenic mice similar to that of the HNF-1α gene-deficient mouse, which displays growth retardation and impaired viability. These results indicate that HNF1αP291 expression driven by the porcine insulin promoter, together with the cytomegalovirus enhancer, induces a diabetic phenotype in transgenic mice.
Welding between ADC 12 and SS400 by Means of Friction Stirring (2004)

The possibility of a welding between ADC12 and SS400 by means of friction stirring was fundamentally clarified. The primary process parameters, such as a rotating speed, rotating direction of rod and offset of pin periphery from materials interface were optimized, respectively. The welding was performed only in the clockwise rotating direction while that was not in the counter clockwise. Too large figures of the rotating speed failed in the welding due to the broken of rod itself. Optimum condition in the offset of pin periphery from the interface was given as it is on the interface or inside of the hard material. Consequently, the welded joints showed higher tensile strength than that of the base aluminum material when the welding was pursued under the moderate conditions. Intermetallic compound phase was not detected obviously at the interface region of the welded joint. Welding mechanism between aluminum alloy and steel by means of friction stirring with clockwise rotating direction was proposed.
Direct Observation of Chaperone-Induced Changes in a Protein Folding Pathway (2007)

How chaperone interactions affect protein folding pathways is a central problem in biology. With the use of optical tweezers and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we studied the effect of chaperone SecB on the folding and unfolding pathways of maltose binding protein (MBP) at the single-molecule level. In the absence of SecB, we find that the MBP polypeptide first collapses into a molten globulelike compacted state and then folds into a stable core structure onto which several alpha helices are finally wrapped. Interactions with SecB completely prevent stable tertiary contacts in the core structure but have no detectable effect on the folding of the external alpha helices. It appears that SecB only binds to the extended or molten globulelike structure and retains MBP in this latter state. Thus during MBP translocation, no energy is required to disrupt stable tertiary interactions.
The Effect of Solution pH on the Structure of Lysozyme Layers Adsorbed at the Silica−Water Interface Studied by Neutron Reflection (1998)

We have studied the structure of lysozyme layers adsorbed at the silica−water interface using specular neutron reflection. The effect of pH on the adsorbed lysozyme layer was examined by manipulating the pH in two different cycles at two constant lysozyme concentrations of 0.03 and 1.0 g dm-3; the first cycle was started at pH = 4 followed by pH = 7 and then 8, before returning to 4; the second cycle was started at pH = 7 followed by a decrease to 4 and then back to 7. The neutron reflectivity profiles showed no hysteresis in either adsorbed amount or structure. There was less adsorption at pH = 4 than at pH = 7 for both lysozyme bulk concentrations. No variation of the reflectivity with time was found at the experimental resolution of about 5 min per measurement. The lysozyme structure at the interface at pH = 4 and pH = 7 was determined from reflectivity profiles at different isotopic compositions of the water. The thickness of the adsorbed layer at the lower concentration of 0.03 g dm-3 was found to be 30 ± 2 Å, suggesting sideways-on adsorption of the ellipsoidally shaped protein. At the higher concentration of 1.0 g dm-3 the thickness of the layer was found to be 60 ± 2 Å, suggesting bilayer adsorption with side-on orientation in each layer. These observations disagree with literature results from surface force and ellipsometric measurements which suggest that a side-on monolayer of 30 Å thickness is formed at dilute bulk concentrations, which switches to end-on adsorption of 45 Å thickness as the bulk concentration increases, eventually reaching a bilayer of 90 Å thickness when the bulk lysozyme concentration is further increased. The neutron measurements indicate that the adsorbed amount and the orientation of the globular protein are determined by the electrostatic repulsion between the lysozyme molecules within the layer.
Application of Diffusion Cells to Production of Known Concentration of Gaseous Hydrocarbons (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of Diffusion Cells to Production of Known Concentration of Gaseous HydrocarbonsA. P. Altshuller and I. R. CohenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 7, 802–810Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60163a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Immunotherapy of experimental metastases by vaccination with interleukin gene-transduced adenocarcinoma cells sharing tumor-associated antigens. Comparison between IL-12 and IL-2 gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines (1996)

We have compared the therapeutic activity and characterized the antitumor response induced by IL-12 and IL-2 gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines. Mice bearing lung metastases of the BALB/c colon carcinoma C51 were treated with syngenic, histologically related, and antigenically cross-reacting irradiated IL-12 (C26/IL12) or IL-2 (C26/IL2) gene-transduced C26 tumor cells given s.c. Vaccination with C26/IL12 cells cured 40% of mice, while vaccination with C26/IL2 cells reduced the number of metastatic nodules without affecting survival. Despite this difference, similar antitumor CTL activation was shown in mice treated with C26/IL12 or C26/IL2 cells. The lytic pattern of CTL was shown to be directed to tumor-associated Ags (TAA) shared between the colon carcinomas C51, C26, and CC36 as well as with other syngenic tumors. Both treatments induced anti-TAA Abs, but only sera from mice treated with C26/IL12 contained Ab that lysed tumor cells in a C-dependent cytotoxicity assay. Early infiltration of activated T cells was found in the lungs of mice vaccinated with C26/IL12. CD4+ lymphocytes purified from the lymph nodes draining the vaccination site or from the spleen showed a higher production of IFN-gamma in response to anti-CD3 mAb in C26/IL12 vaccinated mice, while a higher production of IL-4 was shown in mice vaccinated with C26/IL2 cells. These results indicate that the better therapeutic efficacy of vaccination with C26/IL12 is associated with the production of C-binding Ab, an early infiltration of the metastatic lungs by activated T lymphocytes and a predominant systemic activation of Th1 more than Th2 cells.
Sound source separation of moving speakers for robot audition (2009)

This paper addresses sound source separation and speech recognition for moving sound sources. Real-world applications such as robots should cope with both moving and stationary sound sources. However, most studies assume only stationary sound sources. We introduce two key techniques to cope with moving sources, that is, Adaptive Step-size control (AS) and Optima Controlled Recursive Average (OCRA) to improve blind source separation. We implemented a real-time robot audition system with these techniques for our humanoid robot ASIMO with an 8ch microphone array by using HARK which is our open-source software for robot audition. The performance of the system will be shown through sound source separation for moving sources and automatic speech recognition of separated speeches.
TWIRLS, an automated topic-wise inference method based on massive literature, suggests a possible mechanism via ACE2 for the pathological changes in the human host after coronavirus infection (2020)

Abstract Faced with the current large-scale public health emergency, collecting, sorting, and analyzing biomedical information related to the “coronavirus” should be done as quickly as possible to gain a global perspective, which is a basic requirement for strengthening epidemic control capacity. However, for human researchers studying the viruses and the hosts, the vast amount of information available cannot be processed effectively and in a timely manner, particularly when the scientific understanding may be limited, which can further lower the information processing efficiency. We present TWIRLS, a method that can automatically acquire, organize, and classify information. Additionally, independent functional data sources can be added to build an inference system using a machine-based approach, which can provide relevant knowledge to help human researchers quickly establish subject cognition and to make more effective decisions. TWIRLS can automatically analyze more than three million words in more than 14,000 literature articles in only 4 hours. Combining with generalized gene interaction databases creates a data interface that can help researchers to further analyze the information. Using the TWIRLS system, we found that an important regulatory factor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may be involved in the host pathological changes on binding to the coronavirus after infection. After triggering functional changes in ACE2/AT2R, an imbalance in the steady-state cytokine regulatory axis involving the Renin-Angiotensin System and IP-10 leads to a cytokine storm.
Differentiation is inhibited and a senescence pathway is activated when simian virus 40 tsA 58-transformed human retinoblasts are grown at the restrictive temperature. (1997)

Neonatal human retina cells transformed by the SV40 tumor antigens were shown to leave the cell cycle and differentiate following treatment with agents that raise intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. This was true for both precrisis and immortal cell lines. However, with time, some of the differentiated retinoblasts withdrew neurites and returned to the cell cycle. Attempts to inhibit this process by developing cell lines transformed using SV tsA 58 with a temperature-sensitive phenotype for growth did not enhance but inhibited retinoblast-differentiating capacity. Growth restriction at the nonpermissive temperature was found to activate a senescence pathway. We propose that at the nonpermissive temperature, stable SV40 T-ag-p53 complexes fragment releasing p53, which transactivates p21waf1/cip1/sdi1 with the subsequent accumulation of p21 culminating in growth inhibition and senescence.
Role of p38 MAPK in Lupeol-Induced B16 2F2 Mouse Melanoma Cell Differentiation (2003)

We examined the signaling mechanisms involved in the differentiation-inducing activity of lupeol toward B16 2F2 melanoma cells. alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP, which are believed to be cAMP-elevating agents and analogues, enhanced lupeol-induced B16 2F2 cell differentiation. However, H89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A, completely abolished B16-2F2 cell differentiation induced by lupeol. Furthermore, we studied the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in lupeol-induced B16 2F2 cell differentiation. U0126, an inhibitor of MAPK kinases, induced B16 2F2 cell differentiation and enhanced the cell differentiation induced by lupeol. However, SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, completely blocked lupeol-induced B16 2F2 cell differentiation. Western blot analysis revealed that 10 microM lupeol transiently elevated the level of phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was detected on the addition of 1 microM lupeone, another lupane triterpene, but was not induced by 1 microM lupeol. These results suggested that lupeol induced B16 2F2 cell differentiation through activation of p38 MAPK, and that the structural differences at C-3 of lupane triterpenes played an important role in the activation of p38 MAPK.
Deposition of durable wide-band silver mirror coatings using long-throw, low-pressure, DC-pulsed magnetron sputtering (2003)

Sputter deposition at long-throw distances (15-30 in.) and low pressures (<1 mTorr) were developed mainly for the semiconductor industry to deposit metals and dielectrics into trenches or vias on silicon and gallium arsenide wafers. Scientists found that sputter depositions performed at pressures below 1 mTorr (0.13 Pa) results in a virtually collision-free trajectory of the sputtered atoms from the target to the substrate. If the throw distance (source to substrate) is increased at these low pressures, the activated (ionized) gas and target atoms maintain their energy. We used this methodology along with dc-pulsed sputtering to deliver additional energy at the substrate. This allowed us to coat large optics (>21-in. diameter) in a standard box coater using smaller-diameter sputter cathodes. This paper will discuss the process used to successfully coat a 22-in.-diameter optic for the Keck Telescope in Hawaii with a new Wide-Band Durable Silver Mirror. The process uses smaller-diameter sputter cathodes in a 4-ft.-x-4-ft.-x-5-ft. box coater. We will also discuss how the process can be scaled to 36-in. or larger optics for use on terrestrial or space-based platforms.
Cerebral Blood Flow, Brain pH, and Oxidative Metabolism in the Cat during Severe Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia (1982)

The effects of severe hypoglycemia on brain pH, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and other physiologic and metabolic parameters were studied in 26 cats subjected to insulin hypoglycemia. Two groups were utilized to compare the effects of anesthesia. The halothane group was composed of 14 animals and the barbiturate group contained 12 animals. Insulin was administered by both the intravenous and intramuscular routes until there was a severe electroencephalographic (EEG) change or until 6 h had elapsed. The cerebral responses to hypoglycemia demonstrated the following: CBF was unaffected by severe hypoglycemia in normotensive animals with or without EEG changes; brain pH was essentially constant in all groups regardless of glucose levels, CBF, or EEG; and the EEG abnormalities corresponded closely to brain glucose levels. Cerebral adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine levels were lowest in the animals with isoelectric EEGs. We conclude that CBF and brain pH in the normotensive cat under general anesthesia are relatively unaffected by insulin hypoglycemia despite the presence of severe EEG changes and diminished cerebral energy reserves. The study suggests tha the PaCO2-CBF response curve is ot dependent upon the metabolic integrity of cerebral tissue and is mediated by pathways separate from those of autoregulation.
Fatigue Effects in the Luminescent Yield of Sodium Salicylate (1964)

Several properties of the luminescent quantum efficiency of sodium salicylate, the widely used vacuum ultraviolet phosphor, have been observed and are presented here. A gradual decrease in quantum efficiency is noted as the phosphor layer “ages” in the environment of the monochromator and as it is irradiated by photons of hν ≥ 7.7 eV. Several mechanisms are suggested which might explain the observations.
Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography (2012)

Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as reduced metrics in quality of life. Both environmental and genetic factors are associated with obesity, though the precise underlying mechanisms that contribute to the disease are currently being delineated. Several small animal models of obesity have been developed and are employed in a variety of studies. A critical component to these experiments involves the collection of regional and/or total animal fat content data under varied conditions. Traditional experimental methods available for measuring fat content in small animal models of obesity include invasive (e.g. ex vivo measurement of fat deposits) and non-invasive (e.g. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), or Magnetic Resonance (MR)) protocols, each of which presents relative trade-offs. Current invasive methods for measuring fat content may provide details for organ and region specific fat distribution, but sacrificing the subjects will preclude longitudinal assessments. Conversely, current non-invasive strategies provide limited details for organ and region specific fat distribution, but enable valuable longitudinal assessment. With the advent of dedicated small animal X-ray computed tomography (CT) systems and customized analytical procedures, both organ and region specific analysis of fat distribution and longitudinal profiling may be possible. Recent reports have validated the use of CT for in vivo longitudinal imaging of adiposity in living mice. Here we provide a modified method that allows for fat/total volume measurement, analysis and visualization utilizing the Carestream Molecular Imaging Albira CT system in conjunction with PMOD and Volview software packages.