gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the structural elements of hirudin C-terminal peptide that bind to the fibrinogen recognition site of .alpha.-thrombin (1991)

The C-terminal peptide of a hirudin acts as an anticoagulant by binding specifically to a noncatalytic (fibrinogen recognition) site of thrombin. This binding has been shown to shield five spatially distant lysines of the thrombin B-chain (Lys21, Lys65, Lys77, Lys106, and Lys107). It was also demonstrated that modification of the sequence of the hirudin C-terminal peptide invariably diminished its anticoagulant activity. The major object of this study is to investigate how the decreased activity of the modified hirudin C-terminal peptide is reflected by the change of its binding properties to these five lysines of thrombin. A synthetic peptide representing the last 12 C-terminal amino acids of hirudin (Hir54-65) was (1) truncated from both its N-terminal and its C-terminal ends, or (2) substituted with Gly along residues 57-62, or (3) chemically modified to add (sulfation at Tyr63) or abolish (Asp and Glu modification with carbodiimide/glycinamide) its negatively charged side chains. The binding characteristics of these peptides to thrombin were investigated by chemical methods, and their corresponding anticoagulant activities were studied. Our results demonstrated the following: (1) the anticoagulant activities of hirudin C-terminal peptides were quantitatively related to their abilities to shield the five identified lysines of thrombin. The most potent peptide was sulfated Hir54-65 (S-Hir54-65) with an average binding affinity to the five lysines of 120 nM. A heptapeptide (Hir54-60) also displayed anticoagulant activity and thrombin binding ability at micromolar concentrations. (2) All active hirudin C-terminal peptides regardless of their sizes and potencies were shown to be capable of shielding the five lysines of thrombin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Channel assignment in cellular networks without channel separation constraints (2002)

This paper deals with the channel assignment problem in cellular systems. Usually this problem uses models that involve defining and solving a set of channel separation constraints between pairs of base station transmitters i.e. a graph colouring formulation. These constraints are derived by considering the potential interference at reception points within the service area of one base station from an interfering signal radiating from another base station i.e. considering interference from a single source. We show that significantly improved solutions can be obtained by directly considering the carrier-to-interference ratio at the reception points that takes into account interference from multiple sources. No channel separation constraints need be used. Results are presented for a local search algorithm on three practical cellular networks.
Metabolic Targets in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2019)

The prevalence and diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise worldwide and currently has no FDA-approved pharmacotherapy. The increase in disease burden of NAFLD and a more severe form of this progressive liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), largely mirrors the increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and reflects the hepatic manifestation of an altered metabolic state. Indeed, metabolic syndrome, defined as a constellation of obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, is the major risk factor predisposing the NAFLD and NASH. There are multiple potential pharmacologic strategies to rebalance aspects of disordered metabolism in NAFLD. These include therapies aimed at reducing hepatic steatosis by directly modulating lipid metabolism within the liver, inhibiting fructose metabolism, altering delivery of free fatty acids from the adipose to the liver by targeting insulin resistance and/or adipose metabolism, modulating glycemia, and altering pleiotropic metabolic pathways simultaneously. Emerging data from human genetics also supports a role for metabolic drivers in NAFLD and risk for progression to NASH. In this review, we highlight the prominent metabolic drivers of NAFLD pathogenesis and discuss the major metabolic targets of NASH pharmacotherapy.
Advances in Spectroscopy (1991)

Analytical atomic spectroscopy utilises the emission, absorption or fluorescence of light at discrete wavelength by atoms in a vaporised sample for the determination of the elemental composition of the sample. Spectroscopy is thus an analytical technique concerned with the measure-ment of the interaction of radiant energy with matter. A display of such data is called a spectrum, that is a plot of the intensity of the emitted or absorbed radiant energy (or some function of the intensity) versus the energy of that light. Spectra due to the emission of radiant energy are produced as energy is emitted from matter, after some form of excitation, then collimated by passage through a slit, then separated into components of different energy by transmission through a prism or by reflection from a ruled grating and finally detected. Spectra due to the absorption of radiant energy are produced when radiant energy from a stable source collimated and separated into its components in a monochromator passes through the sample whose absorption spectrum is to be measured and is detected.
NKTR-118 Significantly Reverses Opioid-Induced Constipation (2009)

NKTR-118, a novel PEGylated naloxol conjugate, is an oral, once daily investigational agent in development for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). NKTR-118 blocks peripheral mu opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract to reverse OIC, but was designed to avoid entry into the brain to maintain centrally mediated analgesia. The objective of this phase 2 study was to determine the safety and efficacy of NKTR-118 in patients with opioid-induced constipation. Eligible patients had OIC (fewer than three spontaneous bowel movements [SBMs] per week) and were on a stable opioid regimen of 30 to 1000 morphine equivalent units per day for a minimum of two weeks. A total of 208 patients were randomized 1:1 into 3 sequential cohorts receiving a once daily oral dose of placebo for one week (single-blind) followed by a once daily oral dose of placebo or NKTR-118 at doses of 5, 25 or 50 mg for four consecutive weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in SBMs per week during the first week of double-blind study treatment. Patients receiving 25 mg NKTR-118 had a mean of 5.0 SBMs during the first week of treatment as compared to 1.4 SBMs per week at baseline versus 3.1 and 1.2 SBMs per week during the same periods for the placebo group (p=0.002). Patients receiving 50 mg NKTR-118 had a mean of 6.0 SBMs during the first week of treatment as compared to 1.6 SBMs per week during baseline versus 3.3 and 1.3 SBMs during the same periods for the placebo group (p=0.0001). The increase in SBMs versus placebo was maintained over the 28-day treatment period for both 25 mg and 50 mg dose groups (p=0.002 and p<0.0001 respectively). Results from the 5 mg dose group compared to placebo were not statistically significant. There was no evidence of opioid withdrawal, reversal of analgesia or increase in opioid use at any dose tested. The only study drug related SAE was abdominal cramping that led to hospitalization in one subject (50 mg). The most frequent side effects were abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, occurring more often in the 50 mg cohort. Results of this study showed that oral NKTR-118 restores gastrointestinal function by increasing the frequency of SBMs to essentially normal in patients with OIC. These results were highly
Modeling Dynamics of Expressive Body Gestures In Dyadic Interactions (2016)

Body gestures are an important non-verbal expression channel during affective communication. They convey human attitudes and emotions as they dynamically unfold during an interpersonal interaction. Hence, it is highly desirable to understand the dynamics of body gestures associated with emotion expression in human interactions. We present a statistical framework for robustly modeling the dynamics of body gestures in dyadic interactions. Our framework is based on high-level semantic gesture patterns and consists of three components. First, we construct a universal background model (UBM) using Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) to represent subject-independent gesture variability. Next, we describe each gesture sequence as a concatenation of semantic gesture patterns which are derived from a parallel HMM structure. Then, we probabilistically compare the segments of each gesture sequence extracted from the second step with the UBM obtained from the first step, in order to select highly probabilistic gesture patterns for the sequence. The dynamics of each gesture sequence are represented by a statistical variation profile computed from the selected patterns, and are further described in a well-defined kernel space. This framework is compared with three baseline models and is evaluated in emotion recognition experiments, i.e., recognizing the overall emotional state of a participant in a dyadic interaction from the gesture dynamics. The recognition performance demonstrates the superiority of the proposed framework over the baseline models. The analysis of the relationship between the emotion recognition performance and the number of the selected segments also indicates that a few local salient events, rather than the whole gesture sequence, are sufficiently informative to trigger the human summarization of their overall global emotion perception.
A new layout method for graphical user interfaces (2009)

The layout mechanisms for many GUI toolkits are hard to understand, the associated tools and API's often difficult to use. This work investigates new, easy-to-understand layout mechanisms and evaluates its implementation. We will analyze the requirements for the definition of layouts of a graphical user interface. Part of the issue is that several aspects need to be considered simultaneously while laying-out a component: the alignment with other components as well as its own behaviour while resizing its container. Moreover, the used tools should isolate the designer/drawer from the implementation details of the framework. We present the details of our new GUI layout system, discuss the choices we made for our new layout algorithm and detail implementation issues. Moreover, we present also the user interface for our new GUI builder system that contains several innovations, such as a preview window to show the effects of layout configuration choices in real-time. We present an evaluation of our new system by attacking the complex GUI layout problem mentioned above.
AMCM: Adaptive Multi-Channel MAC Protocol for IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks (2006)

This paper presents AMCM, a traffic-adaptive multichannel MAC protocol that increases the capacity of wireless network by enabling multiple concurrent transmissions on orthogonal frequency channels using a single half- duplex transceiver. AMCM is based on the IEEE 802.11 MAC but provides fine-grain, asynchronous coordination among locally interfering nodes for channel negotiation. By incorporating load-awareness, channel availability awareness and batch transmissions, our window-based approach achieves high channel utilization under varying load, while avoiding the control-window saturation problem as the number of channels increases. For single-hop scenarios, we show that, at low load, AMCM is comparable to IEEE 802.11 MAC, while under high load, AMCM delivers almost Nx improvement gain over IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol, where N is the number of channels. AMCM also outperforms existing multi-channel MAC protocols by 100% and 150% respectively under high load at a lower hardware cost and complexity. In multi-hop scenarios, AMCM achieves performance improvement of 190% and 90% for both dense and sparse network over IEEE 802.11 MAC respectively. In both scenarios, AMCM achieves close to full utilization of all channels with good protocol efficiency.
CVD-Co/Cu(Mn) integration and reliability for 10 nm node (2013)

In studying integrated dual damascene hardware at 10 nm node dimensions, we identified the mechanism for Co liner enhancement of Cu gap-fill to be a wetting improvement of the PVD Cu seed, rather than a local nucleation enhancement for Cu plating. We then show that Co “divot” (top-comer slit void defect) formation can be suppressed by a new wet chemistry, in turn eliminating divot-induced EM degradation. Further, we confirm a relative decrease in Cu-alloy seed proportional resistivity impact compared to scattering at scaled dimensions, and finally we address the incompatibility between the commonly-used carbonyl-based CVD-Co process with Cu-alloy seed EM performance This problem is due to oxidation of Ta(N) barriers at the TaN/CVD-Co interface by carbonyl-based CVD processes, which then consumes alloy atoms before they can segregate at the Cu/cap interface. We show that O-free CVD-Co may solve this problem. The above solutions may then enable CVD-Co/Cu-alloy seed integration in advanced nodes.
Recognition of kin through characteristic body odors (1986)

The role of body odors (olfactory signatures) in human kin recognition was investigated in a series of experiments. In two-choice odor discrimination tests, fathers, grandmothers and aunts reliably identified the odors of garments previously worn by their neonatal relatives. Adult kin accurately discriminated between the odors of their sibling, from whom they had been separated for a period of 1 – 30 months, and a stranger of the same sex and age. Individuals apparently become rapidly familiarized with the odors of their relatives through direct exposure and may also detect a resemblance in the olfactory signatures of their close kin. Although body odors can be influenced by environmental variables (e.g. diet), unique olfactory signatures are quite likely genetically mediated.
Observation of modulation speed enhancement, frequency modulation suppression, and phase noise reduction by detuned loading in a coupled-cavity semiconductor laser (1985)

Simultaneous direct modulation response enhancement, phase noise (linewidth) reduction, and frequency modulation suppression are produced in a coupled-cavity semiconductor laser by the detuned loading mechanism.
단국대본 『주역사전』 연구 -정고본 및 신조본의 저본을 찾기 위한 두 번째 시론- (2010)

본고本考의 목적은 단국대본 『주역사전周易四箋』의 분석을 통해 여러 이본異本들간의 상호관계를 분석하고, 이를 통해 신조본의 저본底本을 확정하고, 아울러 정고본定稿本이 될 수 있는 가능성을 알아보는 데 있었다. 본고는 필자가 2009년 6월 『다산학』14호에 발표한 글, 「주역사전의 텍스트 형성과정에 관한 고찰-정고본 및 신조본의 저본을 찾기 위한 시론」의 후속적 탐구의 성격을 지니고 있다. 필자는 이전의 논문에서 규장본과 버클리본이 하나의 일치하는 계열을 이루고, 신조본과 국중본이 또 하나의 일치하는 계열을 이룬다고 주장한 바 있다. 아울러 신조선사新朝鮮社에 의해 1936년 간행된 신조본新朝本의 저본은 국중본國中本 혹은 국중본의 저본底本이라고 추정한 바 있다. 필자가 그렇게 추정하였던 근거는 신조본과 국중본이 대부분의 경우 일치할 뿐 아니라, 규장본·버클리본과는 결정적 차이를 보이는 부분에서도 역시 일치하였기 때문이었다. 신조본이 저본으로 삼았다면, 그것이 동시에 정본定本이 될 가능성은 당연히 높아진다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 필자가 이전의 논문에서 국중본이 선조본의 저본 및 정본이라고 단정하기를 망설였던 이유는 국중본이 정본定本에는 어울리지 않게 어지러운 필체 등 정돈되지 못한 모습을 띠고 있었기 때문이었다. 따라서 필자는 국중본에 의해 저본으로 삼아진 또 다른 사본이 존재할 가능성을 제기하고, 그것이 발견된다면 당연히 신조본의 저본이 됨과 동시에 정본이 될 것이라고 주장한 바 있다. 그런데 최근에 단국대학교 도서관에 소장된 『주역사전』을 검토한 결과, 단국대본은 신조본·국중본과 그 내용에 있어서 대부분 일치할 뿐 아니라 단정아묘端正雅妙한 필법과 명결우아明潔優雅한 표제標題 등도 갖추고 있어 정본이 되기에 합당한 조건을 갖추었다고 판단된다. 따라서 필자는 이전의 논문에서 제기했던 가설을 본고에서는 부분적으로 수정하여, 단국대본이야말로 신조본 『주역사전』의 저본일 뿐 아니라 정고본이라는 가설을 제기한다. 본고에서의 필자의 주장을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ① 단국대본은 현존하는 주역사전의 필사본 중에서 가장 오래된 것이며, 가장 완정完整한 체제를 갖추고 있는 선본善本이다. ② 단국대본·국중본·신조본이 하나의 일치하는 계열을 형성하며, 벼클리본·규장본도 역시 일치하는 또 다른 계열을 형성한다. ③ 단국대본은 신조본의 저본이자, 동시에 정고본이다. ④ 단국대본의 두주頭注는 원저자에 의해 쓰여진 것이며, 그 원저자는 정약용 혹은 『주역사전』의 최종 탈고자脫橋者인 정학유丁學游일 것으로 추정된다. ⑤ 국중본은 단국대본의 전사본轉寫本이며, 규장본은 벼클리본의 전사본이다. ⑥ 벼클리본에는 많은 착오가 있어 정고본이 되기에 적합하지 않다.
Maternal inheritance and chromosome 18 allele sharing in unilineal bipolar illness pedigrees (1996)

We have replicated the observation of McMahon et al. [1995] that there is excess maternal transmission of illness in a series of previously described unilineal Bipolar manic-depressive illness extended pedigrees [Berrettini et al., 1991]. ("Transmission" is defined for any ill person in a pedigree when father or mother has a personal or immediate family history of major affective disorder.) We divided our pedigrees into exclusively maternal transmission (Mat) and mixed maternal-paternal transmission (in different pedigree branches) (Pat). Using affected sib-pair-analysis, linkage to a series of markers on chromosome 18p-cen was observed in the Pat but not the Mat pedigrees, with significantly greater identity by descent (IBD) at these markers in the Pat pedigrees. As compared with the pedigree series as a whole, the proportion of alleles IBD in the linkage region is much increased in the Pat pedigrees. As shown by Kruglyak and Lander [1995], as the sharing proportion of alleles in affected relative pairs increases, the number of such pairs needed to resolve the linkage region to a 1 cM interval becomes smaller. Genetic subdivision of an illness by clinical or pedigree configuration criteria may thus play an important role in discovery of disease susceptibility mutations.
Hadamard spectroscopic imaging technique as applied to study human calf muscles (1992)

In vivo results obtained by the B1 insensitive Hadamard spectroscopic imaging multivolume technique used with a surface coil are shown. The functional behavior of different human calf muscles during exercise was determined and the Pi/PCr ratio in each calf muscle, during steady-state conditions, was measured as a function of work level. Different levels of metabolic and physical activity were observed at the three calf muscles.
Amino Acid Analysis (1997)

Amino acid analysis (AAA) is one of the best methods to quantify peptides and proteins. Two general approaches to quantitative AAA exist, namely, classical postcolumn derivatization following ion-exchange chromatography and precolumn derivatization followed by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). Excellent instrumentation and several specific methodologies are available for both approaches, and both have advantages and disadvantages. This unit focuses on picomole-level AAA of peptides and proteins using the most popular precolumn-derivatization method, namely, phenylthiocarbamyl amino acid analysis (PTC-AAA). It is directed primarily toward those interested in establishing the technology with a modest budget. PTC derivatization and analysis conditions are described, and support and alternate protocols describe additional techniques necessary or useful for most any AAA method--e.g., sample preparation, hydrolysis, instrument calibration, data interpretation, and analysis of difficult or unusual residues such as cysteine, tryptophan, phosphoamino acids, and hydroxyproline.
A multi-agent approach for solving optimization problems involving expensive resources (2005)

In this paper, we propose a multi-agent approach for solving a class of optimization problems involving expensive resources, where monolithic local search schemes perform miserably. More specifically, we study the class of bin-packing problems. Under our proposed Fine-Grained Agent System scheme, rational agents work both collaboratively and selfishly based on local search and mimic physics-motivated systems. We apply our approach to a generalization of bin-packing - the Inventory Routing Problem with Time Windows - which is an important logistics problem, and demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach.
Correlation between Kinesia system assessments and clinical tremor scores in patients with essential tremor (2010)

The primary aim of this study was to determine whether scores on The Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS) correlate with quantitative assessments using the Kinesia™ (CleveMed) system in patients with essential tremor (ET). Patients sequentially evaluated and diagnosed with ET at the Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine were enrolled in the study. The Kinesia portable device was attached to the wrist and subjects were instructed to hold their arms in an outstretched position and then touch their nose while data were wirelessly transmitted to a computer. Subjects were rated on the arm where the system was placed using specific TETRAS items. A linear regression model was constructed for each task using the logarithmic values of both clinical scores and objective motion data parameters to compute a Kinesia score. Twenty subjects underwent complete clinical TETRAS and Kinesia quantitative assessments. TETRAS clinical scores significantly correlated with predicted Kinesia quantitative variables for postural (r = 0.738; P < 0.001) and kinetic (r = 0.57; P = 0.009) tremor. We conclude that the Kinesia system may, therefore, have a utility in quantitative assessments of ET when combined with standard clinical assessment.
VLSI implementations of threshold logic- a comprehensive survey (2003)

This paper is an in-depth review on silicon implementations of threshold logic gates that covers several decades. In this paper, we will mention early MOS threshold logic solutions and detail numerous very-large-scale integration (VLSI) implementations including capacitive (switched capacitor and floating gate with their variations), conductance/current (pseudo-nMOS and output-wired-inverters, including a plethora of solutions evolved from them), as well as many differential solutions. At the end, we will briefly mention other implementations, e.g., based on negative resistance devices and on single electron technologies.
A deep convolutional neural network based on nested residue number system (2015)

A pre-trained deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is the feed-forward computation perspective which is widely used for the embedded vision systems. In the DCNN, the 2D convolutional operation occupies more than 90% of the computation time. Since the 2D convolutional operation performs massive multiply-accumulation (MAC) operations, conventional realizations could not implement a fully parallel DCNN. The RNS decomposes an integer into a tuple of L integers by residues of moduli set. Since no pair of modulus have a common factor with any other, the conventional RNS decomposes the MAC unit into circuits with different sizes. It means that the RNS could not utilize resources of an FPGA with uniform size. In this paper, we propose the nested RNS (NRNS), which recursively decompose the RNS. It can decompose the MAC unit into circuits with small sizes. In the DCNN using the NRNS, a 48-bit MAC unit is decomposed into 4-bit ones realized by look-up tables of the FPGA. In the system, we also use binary to NRNS converters and NRNS to binary converters. The binary to NRNS converter is realized by on-chip BRAMs, while the NRNS to binary one is realized by DSP blocks and BRAMs. Thus, a balanced usage of FPGA resources leads to a high clock frequency with less hardware. The ImageNet DCNN using the NRNS is implemented on a Xilinx Virtex VC707 evaluation board. As for the performance per area GOPS (Giga operations per second) per a slice, the proposed one is 5.86 times better than the existing best realization.
Group Key Management based on (2, 2) Secret Sharing (2014)

In Internet, IP multicast has been used successfully to provide an efficient, best-effort delivery service for group communication applications. However, applications such as multiparty private conference, distribution of stock market information, pay per view and other subscriber services may require secure multicast to protect integrity and confidentiality of the group traffic, and validate message authenticity. Providing secure multicast for group communication is problematic without a robust group key management. In this paper, we propose a group key management scheme based on the secret sharing technology to require each member by itself to generate the group key when receiving a rekeying message multicast by the group key distributor. The proposed scheme enforces mutual authentication between a member and the group key distributor while executing the rekeying process, and provides forward secrecy and backward secrecy properties, and resists replay attack, impersonating attack, group key disclosing attack and malicious insider attack.