gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Topical Hormones Aging Human Skin (1967)

Synopsis--The male hormone, testosterone, has a rejuvenating or ameliorative effect when applied to aging human skin. Clinically evident changes, such as eftacement of wrinkles, hair growth, and augmented sweating, are present but modest, particularly when compared to the improvement in the microscopic architecture of the skin. Progesterone and pregnenolone produce similar but more diminutive alterations. The female hormone, ethinyl estradiol, was without effect, while the corticosteroids accentuated the degradative changes of sen-eseenee. The aged comprise an ever-increasing proportion of the popu-lation. The chronic internal disorders of old age are under intensive study because they threaten life and lessen the enjoyment of living. The age-dependent changes of the vital organs have been reasonably well appraised, but the skin is a special case. No one dies of aged skin; appearance spoils life only indirectly as suggested by the statement that people feel as young as they look. The desolate appearance of truly senescent skin can impair mental and physical well-being. The importance of looking and feeling attractive may be easily submerged in the concern over the other traditional scourges. In light of recent medical advances against serious ailments, the time may be ripe to turn attention to the relatively minor skin problems. Indeed, if the medical utopia of the future could supply us with spanking new inner organs, what a dismal package it would still be, wrapped in old skin!
Induction of M(r) 78,000 glucose-regulated stress protein in poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-deficient V79 cell lines and its relation to resistance to the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide. (1994)

Cell lines deficient in poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis due to enzyme deficiency (ADPRT54 and ADPRT351) or substrate deficiency (N2, N3, and N4) are resistant to topoisomerase II-directed agents, including etoposide (VP-16), N-[4-(9-acridinylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl]methanesulfonamide, and Adriamycin, relative to the effect of these agents on parental V79 Chinese hamster cells. Resistance is stable in the ADPRT54 and ADPRT351 cell lines, whereas resistance in the N2, N3, and N4 cell lines occurs when the cells are grown in nicotinamide-deficient medium to produce a state of NAD deficiency. However, sensitivity to VP-16 reverts to normal when cellular NAD levels return to control levels during growth in nicotinamide-containing complete medium. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-deficient cell lines show constitutively increased levels of a protein at M(r) 78,000 on Coomassie blue-stained, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels that was subsequently confirmed with monoclonal antibodies to be M(r) 78,000 glucose-regulated stress protein (GRP78). Similarly, N2, N3, and N4 cells show induction of GRP78 under nicotinamide-deficient conditions. Induction of GRP78 is associated with elevated levels of GRP78 mRNA and appears to be regulated at the transcriptional level. When N3 cells with deficiency of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis due to NAD deficiency are shifted to complete, nicotinamide-containing medium, they restore their NAD content, undergo a decrease in GRP78 levels, and regain sensitivity to VP-16. When V79 cells are shifted to nicotinamide-deficient medium they undergo a reduction in NAD content, followed by a progressive elevation in GRP78 levels, and they subsequently become increasingly resistant to VP-16. These studies demonstrate a clear association between deficiency of the NAD-poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis system, induction of GRP78 synthesis, and resistance to VP-16.
Data requirements to measure progress on the objectives for the nation in health promotion and disease prevention. (1983)

The Reagan Administration has adopted the policy guidelines developed over the previous few years in the disease prevention and health promotion initiative of the Carter Administration. Broad national consensus had been sought in the formulation of 226 measurable objectives for the decade. We classify the prevention objectives according to their position in an implied causal chain: 1) improved programs, 2) increased public and professional awareness, 3) reduced risk factors, and 4) improved health status. Prior to 1980, the data systems and periodic surveys sponsored by federal agencies and national organizations covered only four of the 42 objectives in the public and professional awareness category, whereas at least half of the objectives in each of the other three categories were covered by available national data sources, mostly federal. Sample surveys are needed to measure the majority of the currently unmeasured objectives in all four categories. Private and state health interview surveys are needed to supplement the federal capacity, especially in the face of federal cutbacks in survey capacity.
Two new monofunctional platinum(<scp>ii</scp>) dithiocarbamate complexes:<i>phenanthriplatin</i>-type axial protection, equatorial-axial conformational isomerism, and anticancer and DNA binding studies (2020)

The syntheses of two platinum(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes (1 and 2) that show quinoplatin- and phenanthriplatin-type axial protection of the Pt-plane are described. The Pt-plane of complex 2 is axially more protected than that of complex 1. Furthermore, both complexes adopt two different stereochemical conformations in the solid state (based on single-crystal X-ray structures) owing to the structurally flexible piperazine backbone; i.e., C-e,e-Anti (1) and C-e,a-Syn (2), where "C" stands for the chair configuration, "e" and "a" stand for the equatorial and axial positions and "Anti" (opposite side) and "Syn" (same side) represent the relative orientations in space of the terminal substituents on the piperazine ring. In complex 2, the C-e,a-Syn conformation may provide additional steric hindrance to the Pt-plane. Despite the lower lipophilicity of 2 as compared to that of 1, the in vitro anticancer action against selected cancer cell lines is better for the former revealing the superior role of the axial protection over lipophilicity in modulating anticancer activity. The activity against the cancer promoting protein NF-κB signifies that the mode of cancer cell death may be the result of hindering the activity of NF-κB in the initiation of apoptosis. The apoptotic mode of cell death has been established earlier in a study using Annexin V-FITC. Finally, DNA binding studies revealed that the complex-DNA adduct formation is spontaneous and the mode of interaction is non-intercalative (electrostatic/covalent).
Characteristics of Artificial Red Cells Hemoglobin Encapsulated in Poly-lipid Vesicles (1992)

Artificial red cells (ARC) were prepared by encapsulation of purified human Hb with polymerizable phospholipid, 1,2-bis (2,4-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DODPC). The polymerized lipid bilayer of the ARC produced great physical stability that could not be achieved using a non-polymerizable lipid for encapsulation. ARC showed no change in particle size or distribution or leakage of Hb after repeated freeze thawing (stability test). ARC have also been studied with regard to biocompatibility. The authors' results showed low acute toxicity (> 8000 mg/kg) and adequate blood compatibility. The result of transfusion tests in dogs showed that ARC had sufficient oxygen transporting capabilities.
Local stimulation of articular cartilage repair by transplantation of encapsulated chondrocytes overexpressing human fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2)in vivo (2005)

The data suggest that localized overexpression of FGF-2 enhances the repair of cartilage defects via stimulation of chondrogenesis, without adverse effects on the synovial membrane. These results may lead to the development of safe gene-based therapies for human articular cartilage defects.
Neuregulin 1 Expression Is a Predictive Biomarker for Response to AV-203, an ERBB3 Inhibitory Antibody, in Human Tumor Models (2014)

Abstract Purpose: ERBB3 is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of human cancers, and its aberrant activation is associated with tumor pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance to various anticancer agents. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is the predominant ligand for ERBB3 and can promote the heterodimerization of ERBB3 with other ERBB family members, resulting in activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways. AV-203 is a humanized IgG1/κ ERBB3 inhibitory antibody that completed a first-in-human phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors. The purpose of this preclinical study was to identify potential biomarker(s) that may predict response to AV-203 treatment in the clinic. Experimental Design: We conducted in vivo efficacy studies using a broad panel of xenograft models representing a wide variety of human cancers. To identify biomarkers that can predict response to AV-203, the relationship between tumor growth inhibition (TGI) by AV-203 and the expression levels of ERBB3 and NRG1 were evaluated in these tumor models. Results: A significant correlation was observed between the levels of NRG1 expression and TGI by AV-203. In contrast, TGI was not correlated with ERBB3 expression. The correlation between the levels of NRG1 expression in tumors and their response to ERBB3 inhibition by AV-203 was further validated using patient-derived tumor explant models. Conclusions: NRG1 is a promising biomarker that can predict response to ERBB3 inhibition by AV-203 in preclinical human cancer models. NRG1 warrants further clinical evaluation and validation as a potential predictive biomarker of response to AV-203. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 1106–14. ©2014 AACR.
EM-Based Channel Estimation Algorithms for OFDM (2004)

Estimating a channel that is subject to frequency-selective Rayleigh fading is a challenging problem in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. We propose three EM-based algorithms to efficiently estimate the channel impulse response (CIR) or channel frequency response of such a system operating on a channel with multipath fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). These algorithms are capable of improving the channel estimate by making use of a modest number of pilot tones or using the channel estimate of the previous frame to obtain the initial estimate for the iterative procedure. Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) as well as the mean square error (MSE) of the channel can be significantly reduced by these algorithms. We present simulation results to compare these algorithms on the basis of their performance and rate of convergence. We also derive Cramer-Rao-like lower bounds for the unbiased channel estimate, which can be achieved via these EM-based algorithms. It is shown that the convergence rate of two of the algorithms is independent of the length of the multipath spread. One of them also converges most rapidly and has the smallest overall computational burden.
Using Neural Networks and NIR Spectrophotometry to Identify Fibers (1994)

A qualitative nondestructive technique for fiber identification was developed using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A neural network was trained to identify 17 different fiber types using the NIR absorbance spectra from a library of 390 samples. The neural network model was verified by testing untrained samples. It was not only able to identify single fibers, but was also able to correctly identify blends of fibers from fabrics for which it had not been trained.
The Amino‐Acid Sequence of S‐100 Protein (PAP I‐b Protein) and Its Relation to the Calcium‐Binding Proteins (1978)

The amino acid sequence of a brain-specific protein, S-100, has been determined by the analysis of four cyanogen bromide peptides and fourteen tryptic peptides derived from the protein. The protein chain consists of 91 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 10507. The sequence shows regions of stong clustering of hydrophobic, basic and acidic amino acids, with an apparent calcium-binding site in the acidic cluster.
Determination of amino acids in urine by gas chromatography (1989)

Abstract This report describes a convenient means of reducing the complex matrix which is responsible for interference during gas chromatographic determination of amino acids in urine. The pre‐chromatographic clean‐up employs the principle of solid phase extraction using bonded silica incorporating cation exchange groups. This approach avoids the detrimental effects on amino acid recoveries associated with resin‐based cation exchangers. In spite of significant reduction in the complexity of chromatograms, only the high efficiency and resolving power offered by the analytical capillary column ( e. g. fused silica open tubular, FSOT) is sufficient for quantitative and analysis of amino acids in urine. Reproducibility data from the complete procedure are determined, coefficients of variation ( CV ) for most amino acids being better than 5% with a mean recovery of 96%.
Clustering Workflow Requirements Using Compression Dissimilarity Measure (2006)

Xerox offers a bewildering array of printers and software configurations to satisfy the need of production print shops. A configuration tool in the hands of sales analysts elicits requirements from customers and recommends a list of product configurations. This tool generates special question and answer case logs that provide useful historical data. Given the unusual semi-structured question and answer format, this data is not amenable to any standard document clustering method. The authors discovered that a hierarchical agglomerative approach using a compression-based dissimilarity measure (CDM) provided readily interpretable clusters. The authors compared this method empirically to two reasonable alternatives, latent semantic analysis and probabilistic latent semantic analysis, and conclude that CDM offers an accurate and easily implemented approach to validate and augment our configuration tool
Reappraising the resort to force?: Jus ad bellum and the war on terror (2005)

Many commentators claim that the military response to the terrorist attacks launched on 11 September 2001, encompassing action against Afghanistan and Iraq, and commonly referred to as the 'war on terror', has significantly impacted upon the international law regulating resort to armed force (jus ad bellum). Some even suggest that the operations in Afghanistan and, more especially, haq could herald a sea-change in terms of when states may - or will use force, risking the very future of the UN system as we know it. I A detailed examination of the impact of these operations on the future of the UN and Security Council is beyond the scope of this article. Instead, the legality of the military action taken against Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003 will be assessed in the context of the existing legal framework, the justifications advanced and the reaction of the international community. In light of the conclusions reached, the article can then address the question of whether the right to use force in intemationallaw is truly undergoing a radical transformation.
Validation of two-dimensional implant and diffusion profiles using novel scanning capacitance microscope sample preparation and deconvolution techniques (2002)

We present two new sample preparation techniques for scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) measurements. These techniques can produce high quality, low noise, raw SCM data of the cross-sectional source/drain and of the surface channel profile in a real MOS device structure. The raw SCM data is converted to carrier concentration using a database-driven deconvolution technique which accounts for both the average concentration and the concentration gradient at each pixel imaged. Our experimental results directly validate complex models for the ion implant profile and for the profile evolution during transient enhanced diffusion (TED), and demonstrate the inadequacy of standard models.
On the Use of 2N504 Transistors in the Avalanche Mode for Nuclear Instrumentation (1960)

Philco 2N501, 2N502, and 2N504 transistors have been operated successfully in the avalanche mode as fast discriminators on photomultiplier tubes and as the pulse generating element in pulse generators. They exhibit the property of a fast rise time (≲1 nsec) and sharp discriminating characteristics but have the disadvantage of a long recovery time (∼80 nsec).
Whole blood platelet aggregation and coagulation factors in patients with systemic sclerosis (1993)

It is unclear whether the changes in platelet function which are observed in systemic sclerosis are a primary characteristic of this disease or whether they occur secondary to vascular changes. Whole blood platelet aggregation was studied in 26 patients with systemic sclerosis, normal subjects matched for age, sex and secondary characteristics, 19 patients with Raynaud's disease and 19 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Plasma levels of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor antigen and factor VIII:C were also measured. Systemic sclerosis was associated with a significant (P > 0.001) enhancement of the sensitivity of platelets to collagen. In contrast, significant enhancement of the response to either ADP or adrenaline was not observed. Enhanced sensitivity to collagen was not associated with the presence of either Raynaud's disease or systemic lupus erythematosus. Systemic sclerosis was associated with significantly raised levels of von Willebrand factor antigen and fibrinogen. On an individual patient basis, von Willebrand factor antigen was related to the severity of the disease whereas platelet sensitivity to collagen was not. In conclusion, this study suggests that the enhanced sensitivity to collagen which occurs in systemic sclerosis is due to a primary change in the platelet and that this change can combine with elevated levels of adhesive proteins.
The Discovery of Pyridone and Pyridazone Heterocycles as γ-Secretase Modulators (2010)

A series of novel pyridazone and pyridone compounds as γ-secretase modulators were discovered. Starting from the initial lead, structure-activity relationship studies were carried out in which an internal hydrogen bond was introduced to conformationally fix the side chain, and compounds with improved in vitro Aβ42 inhibition activity and good Aβtotal/Aβ42 selectivity were quickly discovered. Compound 35 displayed very good in vitro activity and excellent selectivity with good in vivo efficacy in both CRND8 mouse and nontransgenic rat models. This compound displayed a good overall profile in terms of rat pharmacokinetics and ancillary profile. No abnormal behavior and side effects were observed in all of the studies.
Telematics data-driven prognostics system for construction heavy equipment health monitoring and assessment (2015)

Construction heavy equipment is a valuable asset for construction and equipment rental companies, which requires continuous monitoring and assessment for potential failures. Predictive maintenance has recently been proposed to as an alternative to preventive maintenance strategy by scheduling maintenance tasks just before a predicted failure of the equipment. Such predictive approach is dependent on the existence of a data collection and analysis system that monitors the equipment performance, compares it to the previous history, and predicts the failure events before their occurrence. This paper presents the development and validation efforts of a data-driven prognostics system that utilizes timely collected telematics data to monitor the equipment health condition and predict its failure hazard. The system is designed to utilize equipment telematics data to develop regression-based Cox’s proportional hazards functions. Regression analyses are performed for the historical telematics data to develop time-varying hazard functions for the successive life intervals of the equipment to generate dynamic predictions of its failure events. Accordingly, the outcome of the system would be the predicted probability of the equipment failure event considering the timely collected telematics data. The proposed prognostics system was validated by developing the hazard functions of two fleets of dozers and backhoes that provided high fit to the observed data and high prediction accuracy for the testing data. For both analyzed fleets, higher predictive and data fitting performance were achieved for later life intervals due the increased reliability of failure prediction for equipment with longer survival lives.
[Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Report of two extraskeletal cases (author's transl)]. (1976)

After a thorough examination of the literature, two new cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of extraskeletal soft tissues are reported. By means of clinical and pathological survey the distinguishing findings of typical and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, their malignancy and the differences between the skeletal and extraskeletal form are described.
A Prodrug Nanoparticle Approach for the Oral Delivery of a Hydrophilic Peptide, Leucine<sup>5</sup>-enkephalin, to the Brain (2012)

The oral use of neuropeptides to treat brain disease is currently not possible because of a combination of poor oral absorption, short plasma half-lives and the blood-brain barrier. Here we demonstrate a strategy for neuropeptide brain delivery via the (a) oral and (b) intravenous routes. The strategy is exemplified by a palmitic ester prodrug of the model drug leucine(5)-enkephalin, encapsulated within chitosan amphiphile nanoparticles. Via the oral route the nanoparticle-prodrug formulation increased the brain drug levels by 67% and significantly increased leucine(5)-enkephalin's antinociceptive activity. The nanoparticles facilitate oral absorption and the prodrug prevents plasma degradation, enabling brain delivery. Via the intravenous route, the nanoparticle-prodrug increases the peptide brain levels by 50% and confers antinociceptive activity on leucine(5)-enkephalin. The nanoparticle-prodrug enables brain delivery by stabilizing the peptide in the plasma although the chitosan amphiphile particles are not transported across the blood-brain barrier per se, and are excreted in the urine.
[Parathyroid hormone and bone quality]. (2005)

Bone quality has been seen as an important concept which refers to microarchitecture, bone turnover, micro-damage accumulation, and mineralization because there is no strong correlation between the increase of bone mineral density and the fracture risk reduction. Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone formation, and continuous infusion of PTH stimulates bone resorption. In the preclinical studies, intermittent administration of PTH increased bone strength in association with the increase in total body skeletal mass and the improvement of bone structure. Furthermore, the clinical studies showed that PTH improved bone structure such as trabecular connectivity and cortical thickness, as well as increased bone mass. These changes were considered to contribute to reduction of fracture risk.
Safety Requirements for Radio and Television Receivers -- 1928 to the Present (1984)

THE CONSUMER electronics industry has seen significant technological progress during the last 50 years, especially with respect to radio and television receivers. Transitions from single-band, table-top radios in simple wooden cabinets to multi-band, multi-purpose communications receivers in stylish polymeric enclosures; from 4-tube hand-wired AM receivers to automatically-assembled, semiconductor-circuited entertainment centers; and from 5-inch black-and- white television receivers to remotecontrolled giant color screens epitomize this progress.