gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steroidal Spiro-.gamma.-lactones That Inhibit 17.beta.-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in Human Placental Microsomes (1995)

The important enzyme 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) is known to regulate intracellular levels of biologically active steroids, namely, androgens and estrogens. In an effort to develop potent inhibitors of 17 beta-HSD for reducing the levels of active steroids, we found that steroidal spiro-gamma-lactones inhibit 17 beta-HSD activity. In this report, we describe the synthesis of 11 spiro-gamma-lactone analogs containing a steroidal C-18 or C-19 nucleus and compare their relative inhibitory effects on 17 beta-HSD activity in the human placenta microsomes that catalyze the interconversion of androgens and estrogens. To void the interaction of the cytosolic 17 beta-HSD activity that is specific for the interconversion of estrone and estradiol, we used 4-androstenedione as substrate. Analysis of the inhibitory effect exerted by these analogs on microsomal 17 beta-HSD activity indicates that spiro-gamma-lactones containing the C-18 nucleus are more potent inhibitors than C-19 nucleus analogs. The best inhibition was obtained with the phenolic spiro-gamma-lactone 7 (3-hydroxy-19-nor-17 alpha-pregna-1,3,5(10)-triene 21,17-carbolactone), which has an IC50 value of 0.27 microM, and was much lower than the competitive effect of the unlabeled substrate 4-androstenedione, which has an IC50 value of 1.40 microM. Preincubation with lactone 7 did not inactivate 17 beta-HSD activity. The results thus suggest that lactone 7 is a reversible in inhibitor. Lactone 7 is selective for microsomal 17 beta-HSD activity, as no inhibition was observed for cytosolic 17 beta-HSD activity.
Pattern classification for boneless poultry inspection using combined X-ray/laser 3D imaging (2005)

A combined X-ray/laser 3D imaging technology has been developed for bone fragment and foreign material detection in boneless poultry products. In this paper, various methods of pattern classification including neural network and statistical approaches are applied to the poultry images obtained by the combined imaging system, and the classification performances are compared and analyzed.
The Language of Exclusion: Writing Instruction at the University (1985)

These snippets come from University of California and California state legislative memos, reports, and position papers and from documents produced during a recent debate in UCLA's Academic Senate over whether a course in our freshman writing sequence was remedial. Though these quotations-and a half dozen others I. will use in this essay-are local, they represent a kind of institutional language about writing instruction in American higher education. There are five ideas about writing implicit in these comments: Writing ability is judged in terms of the presence of error and can thus be quantified. Writing is a skill or a tool rather than a discipline. A number of our students lack this skill and must be remediated. In fact, some percentage of our students are, for all intents and purposes, illiterate. Our remedial efforts, while currently necessary, can be phased out once the literacy crisis is solved in other segments of the educational system. This kind of thinking and talking is so common that we often fail to notice that it reveals a reductive, fundamentally behaviorist model of the development and use of written language, a problematic definition of writing, and an inaccurate assessment of student ability and need. This way of talking about writing abilities and instruction is woven throughout discussions of program and curriculum development, course credit, instructional evaluation, and resource allocation. And, in various ways, it keeps writing instruction at the periphery of the curriculum. It is certainly true that many faculty and administrators would take issue with one or more of the above notions. And those of us in writing would bring current
Inhibition of 2-5A synthetase expression by antisense RNA interferes with interferon-mediated antiviral and antiproliferative effects and induces anchorage-independent cell growth. (1996)

It has been shown previously that the IFN-induced enzyme 2-5A synthetase is sufficient to induce antiviral and antiproliferative effects in transfected cells expressing the protein. In this study, the possibility that this enzyme is also essential in generating these biological activities was investigated. For this purpose, a plasmid, pMSas-NEO, was constructed. This plasmid carries an active neomycin-resistant gene. In addition, it contains a metallothionein promoter fused to an inverted 180-bp fragment derived from the 5' end of cDNA encoding the 43-kDa isoform of murine 2-5A synthetase. NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts were transfected with the plasmid, about 50 neomycin-resistant clones were isolated, and two, clone 11 and clone 22, were chosen for further studies. One clone transfected only with the neomycin-resistant gene, clone Neo, was used as a control. The results show that in the case of clone 11, the combined treatment of IFN and ZnCl2 reduced significantly the level of the IFN-induced 2-5A synthetase activity, the amount of the 40-, 43-, and 71-kDa 2-5A synthetase isoforms and the level of the 1.7-kb specific RNA transcript. An even stronger effect on these parameters was observed with clone 22 cells. No difference in PKR activity was evident under the same conditions with all three clones tested. Most important, the combined treatment of IFN and ZnCl2 reversed the IFN-mediated antiproliferative and antiviral activities, as determined by the kinetics of cell growth, thymidine incorporation, cloning efficiency, and infection with mengovirus. Strikingly, the growth of colonies in soft agar were observed in both clone 11 (small colonies) and clone 22 (large colonies) cells, particularly following treatment with ZnCl2. We conclude that 2-5A synthetase is an essential component in the IFN-induced biological activities and that interference with its function results in anchorage-independent growth of the transfected cells.
Sequence motif in control regions of the H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase α and β subunit genes recognized by gastric specific nuclear protein(s) (1992)

A nuclear protein(s) from rat or pig stomach recognized a conserved sequence in the 5′‐upstream regions of the rat and human H + /K + ‐ATPase α subunit genes. A gel retardation assay suggested that part of the binding site was located in the TAATCAGCTG sequence. No nuclear proteins capable of the binding could be detected in other tissues of rat (liver, brain, kidney, spleen and lung) or pig liver. The sequence motif (GATAGC) located 5′‐upstream of the β‐subunit gene also seemed to be recognized by the same protein, because the binding of nuclear protein to the sequence motifs in the α and β subunits was mutually competitive. Considering the sense‐strand sequence of the binding motif in the α‐subunit gene, we conclude that (G/C)PuPu(G/C)NGAT(A/T)PuPy is a core sequence motif for the gastric specific DNA binding protein (PCSF, parietal cell specific factor).
Tau protein seems not to be a useful routine clinical marker of axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (2006)

Our study showed similar CSF tau concentrations in MS patients with different clinical characteristics. This suggests that tau protein does not seem to be a useful routine clinical marker of axonal damage.
Logarithmic search in a winner-take-all network (1991)

An analysis of the relaxation time for the WTA (winner-take-all) mechanism used in a number of neural network models of visual attention is presented. The analysis assumes only bottom-up activation of the WTA array, and approximates this activation as consisting of a maximum activation, plus some number of equal, submaximum activations. Under these conditions, the relaxation time of the network is a logarithmic function of the number of secondary activations. This result is interpreted as a prediction that reaction time dependence on display size in visual search tasks should, under appropriate conditions, show this logarithmic dependency, rather than the linear dependency that is generally reported. The analysis also finds a dependence of relaxation time on target saliency that is in agreement with the experimental data and theories of a number of researchers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Urea cycle disorder in C3H‐H‐2° mice with juvenile steatosis of viscera (1990)

We determined the activities of urea cycle enzymes in the liver of C3H-H-2 degree-jsv mice. The activities of all urea cycle enzymes decreased in the latter period of lactation. The activities of carbamylphosphate synthetase and ornithine transcarbamylase in some affected mice were undetectable. On the other hand, the activities of enzymes other than urea cycle enzymes were normal. We consider that the decrease in the urea cycle enzymes is caused by an abnormality in the mechanism of gene expression.
H<sub>2</sub> Sensing Based on a Pd-Coated Tapered-FBG Fabricated by DUV Femtosecond Laser Technique (2013)

An optical fiber probe sensor based on a tapered-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) coated with 150-nm-thick Pd film is proposed for hydrogen detection. The FBG was written in a 50-μm-diameter tapered fiber by deep ultraviolet femtosecond laser technology. A second FBG was inscribed in the 125 μm-fiber section for temperature compensation. The sensing head was able to detect H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentration in the range 0%-1% (v/v) H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> at room temperature; a maximum sensitivity of 81.8 pm/% (v/v) H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> was attained with temperature compensation. The influence of the Pd coating over temperature sensitivity of standard and tapered-FBGs is also presented.
FOXM1 mediates Dox resistance in breast cancer by enhancing DNA repair (2012)

Transcription factors are direct effectors of altered signaling pathways in cancer and frequently determine clinical outcomes in cancer patients. To uncover new transcription factors that would determine clinical outcomes in breast cancer, we systematically analyzed gene expression data from breast cancer patients. Our results revealed that Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is the top-ranked survival-associated transcription factor in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Surprisingly, silencing FOXM1 expression led breast cancer cells to become more sensitive to doxorubicin (Dox). We found that FOXM1-dependent resistance to Dox is mediated by regulating DNA repair genes. We further demonstrated that NFκB1 interacts with FOXM1 in the presence of Dox to protect breast cancer cells from DNA damage. Finally, silencing FOXM1 expression in breast cancer cells in a mouse xenograft model significantly sensitized the cells to Dox. Our systematic approaches identified an unexpected role of FOXM1 in Dox resistance by regulating DNA repair genes, and our findings provide mechanistic insights into how FOXM1 mediates resistance to Dox and evidence that FOXM1 may be a promising therapeutic target for sensitizing breast cancer cells to Dox.
Lexicon-driven handwritten character string recognition for Japanese address reading (2002)

Proposes a handwritten character string recognition method for Japanese mail address reading on very large vocabulary. The recognition is performed by classification-embedded lexicon matching based on over-segmentation. The lexicon contains 111,349 address phrases and is represented in a trie structure. In recognition, the input text line image is matched with all lexicon entries by beam search to obtain reliable character segmentation and retrieve valid phrases. A classifier is embedded in lexicon matching to select from a dynamic set the characters matched with a candidate pattern. The beam search and the character classification jointly enable accurate phrase identification in real time. In experiments on 3,589 live mail images, the proposed method achieved correct rate of 83.68% with error rate less than 1%.
NMR analysis of restricted internal rotation in 2‐substituted‐2,3‐dihydro‐3‐<i>o</i>‐tolyl(chlorophenyl)‐4(1<i>H</i>)‐quinazolinones (1996)

Abstract Steric interactions between aryl and heterocyclic moieties in 2‐substituted‐2,3‐dihydro‐3‐ o ‐tolyl(chlorophenyl)‐4(1 H )‐quinazolinones 1a‐j produce sufficient restriction to rotation about the aryl CN bond that the presence of torsional isomers may be detected at room temperature. Diastereomeric population and free energy of activation for rotation have been calculated by 1 H nmr spectra. Probably due to a preferred axial position of R 2 substituent no dramatic variation both in A /B ratio and in ΔG≠ value has been observed for 1a‐f . The comparison between 1a and 1j ΔG ≠ values allows to formulate a hypothesis on the structure of the transition state.
Sub-terahertz testing of silicon MOSFET (2008)

The difference in the terahertz response of Si MOSFETs with identical above threshold characteristics but different values of the leakage current in the below threshold regime is demonstrated. The results show that the terahertz response test can be used as a complementary testing technique of a Si MOS VLSI under bias.
2b ORFs encoded by subgroup IB strains of cucumber mosaic virus induce differential virulence on Nicotiana species (2007)

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-encoded 2b protein from subgroup IA or subgroup II was shown to be a determinant of virulence in many solanaceous hosts. In this study, the virulence of 2b proteins from subgroup IB strains was analysed using four intraspecies hybrid viruses, which were generated by precise replacement of the 2b open reading frame (ORF) in subgroup IA strain Fny-CMV with the 2b ORFs of four subgroup IB strains, Cb7-CMV, PGs-CMV, Rad35-CMV and Na-CMV, generating FCb7(2b)-CMV, FPGs(2b)-CMV, FRad35(2b)-CMV and FNa(2b)-CMV, respectively. FCb7(2b)-CMV was more virulent than Fny-CMV, and was similar in phenotype to its parental virus Cb7-CMV on the three Nicotiana species tested. FNa(2b)-CMV also was virulent on these host species, equivalent to Fny-CMV or Na-CMV. However, FRad35(2b)-CMV only caused mild mosaic or undetectable symptoms on all the host species tested, and was less virulent than Fny-CMV or Rad35-CMV. FPGs(2b)-CMV infected all the host species systemically, and induced either mosaic or barely visible symptoms, demonstrating that the inability of PGs-CMV to infect these three Nicotiana species was not due to its 2b protein. The diverse virulence was shown to be mediated by the 2b proteins rather than the C-terminal overlapping parts of the 2a proteins, and was associated with the level of viral progeny RNA accumulation in systemically infected leaves, but not with the rate of long-distance viral movement in host plants. Through analysis of encapsidation of viral RNAs, there was an apparent correlation between the virulence and the high level of encapsidated RNA 2 in virions of Fny-CMV, FCb7(2b)-CMV and FNa(2b)-CMV.
Rapid Structural Remodeling of Thalamocortical Synapses Parallels Experience-Dependent Functional Plasticity in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex (2010)

Monocular lid closure (MC) causes a profound shift in the ocular dominance (OD) of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1). Anatomical studies in both cat and mouse V1 suggest that large-scale structural rearrangements of eye-specific thalamocortical (TC) axons in response to MC occur much more slowly than the shift in OD. Consequently, there has been considerable debate as to whether the plasticity of TC synapses, which transmit competing visual information from each eye to V1, contributes to the early functional consequences of MC or is simply a feature of long-term deprivation. Here, we used quantitative immuno-electron microscopy to examine the possibility that alterations of TC synapses occur rapidly enough to impact OD after brief MC. The effect of short-term deprivation on TC synaptic structure was examined in male C57BL/6 mice that underwent 3 and 7 d of MC or monocular retinal inactivation (MI) with tetrodotoxin. The data show that 3 d of MC is sufficient to induce substantial remodeling of TC synapses. In contrast, 3 d of MI, which alters TC activity but does not shift OD, does not significantly affect the structure of TC synapses. Our results support the hypothesis that the rapid plasticity of TC synapses is a key step in the sequence of events that shift OD in visual cortex.
InP-Based Unipolar Heterostructure Diode for Vertical Integration, Level Shifting, and Small Signal Rectification (2010)

A unipolar n-n heterostrucuture diode is developed in the InP material system. The electronic barrier is formed by a saw tooth type of conduction band bending which consists of a quaternary In0.52(AlyGa1-y)0.48As layer with 0 < y < ymax•. This barrier is lattice matched for all y to InP and is embedded between two n+-InGaAs layers. By varying the maximum Al-content from ymax, 1 =0.7 to ymax, 2 =1 a variable barrier height is formed which enables a diode-type I-V characteristic by epitaxial design with an adjustable current density within 3 orders of magnitude. The high current density of the diode with the lower barrier height (ymax, 1 = 0.7) makes it suitable for high frequency applications at low signal levels. RF measurements reveal a speed index of 52ps/V at VD = 0.15V. The device is investigated for RF-to-DC power conversion in UHF RFID transponders with low-amplitude RF signals.
Plant SUN domain proteins (2010)

We have recently reported the identification and characterization of Sad1/UNC84 (SUN) domain proteins in various plant species. In animals and yeasts, SUN domain proteins are localized at the inner nuclear membrane and form a bridge across the nuclear envelope (NE) by interacting with outer nuclear membrane-localized Klarsicht/Anc-1/Syne-1 homology (KASH) domain proteins. This bridge physically connects cytoskeletal elements with chromatin and nucleoskeletal components. These multiprotein complexes are essential for various cellular and nuclear processes. The identification of SUN domain proteins provides the first evidence of putative NE bridging complexes in plants. Here we speculate on the composition and functions of these in regards to our current understanding of plant SUN domain proteins.
Problems in the Analysis of Survey Data, and a Proposal (1963)

Abstract Most of the problems of analyzing survey data have been reasonably well handled, except those revolving around the existence of interaction effects. Indeed, increased efficiency in handling multivariate analyses even with non-numerical variables, has been achieved largely by assuming additivity. An approach to survey data is proposed which imposes no restrictions on interaction effects, focuses on Importance in reducing predictive error, operates sequentially, and is independent of the extent of linearity in the classifications or the order in which the explanatory factors are introduced.
Cardiovascular effects of coxibs (2005)

A new class of drugs, the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, or coxibs, have recently been marketed as an alternative to conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the basis of a lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects. The recent withdrawal of rofecoxib, along with safety concerns about other COX-2 selective inhibitors raises important questions about the cardiovascular toxicity of these drugs. Recently some concerns arose even for a possible cardiotoxicity of nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. From data available so far, it seems that coxibs still remain a rational choice for patients with low cardiovascular risk and high gastrointestinal risk. Long-term studies with a cardiovascular endpoint involving both selective and nonselective anti-inflammatory drugs are warranted.
Developing a Feedback-Driven Automated Testing Tool for Web Applications (2012)

Creating automated tests that exercise a web application through a browser is a challenging and time-consuming process. In this paper, we present a new tool currently under open-source development, Web Testing Explorer, which uses runtime state from the web application as feedback to search for defects in real-time and automatically create increasingly longer test cases with oracles for later execution while providing testers with the flexibility needed to deal with numerous web testing challenges.
A Weakly Supervised Clustering Method for Cancer Subgroup Identification (2022)

Identifying subgroups of cancer patients is important as it opens up possibilities for targeted therapeutics. A widely applied approach is to group patients with unsupervised clustering techniques based on molecular data of tumor samples. The patient clusters are found to be of interest if they can be associated with a clinical outcome variable such as the survival of patients. However, these clinical variables of interest do not participate in the clustering decisions. We propose an approach, WSURFC (Weakly Supervised Random Forest Clustering), where the clustering process is weakly supervised with a clinical variable of interest. The supervision step is handled by learning a similarity metric with features that are selected to predict this clinical variable. More specifically, WSURFC involves a random forest classifier-training step to predict the clinical variable, in this case, the survival class. Subsequently, the internal nodes are used to derive a random forest similarity metric among the pairs of samples. In this way, the clustering step utilizes the nonlinear subspace of the original features learned in the classification step. We first demonstrate WSURFC on hand-written digit datasets, where WSURFC is able to capture salient structural similarities of digit pairs. Next, we apply WSURFC to find breast cancer subtypes using mRNA, protein, and microRNA expressions as features. Our results on breast cancer show that WSURFC could identify interesting patient subgroups more effectively than the widely adopted methods.
Magnetic Immuno-PCR Assay with Inhibitor Removal for Direct Detection of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in Human Feces (2001)

A PCR protocol was developed to detect Helicobacter pylori in human stool specimens. This protocol was based on the association of a magnetic immuno-PCR assay with a technique to remove inhibitors (agarose-embedded DNA preparation). Of the 47 H. pylori-positive and 57 H. pylori-negative patients included in this study, 38 were positive and 66 were negative by this new protocol. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for a positive or a negative result were 80.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.3 to 90.4), 100% (95% CI, 92.1 to 100), 100% (95% CI, 88.6 to 100), and 86.4% (95% CI, 75.2 to 93.2), respectively.