gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stokes’ second problem and oscillatory Couette flow for a two-layer fluid: Analytical solutions (2022)

The unsteady motion of a two-layer fluid induced by oscillatory motion of a flat plate along its length is mathematically analyzed. Two cases are considered: (i) the two-layer fluid is bounded only by the oscillating plate (Stokes’ second problem), and (ii) the two-layer fluid is confined between two parallel plates, one of which oscillates while the other is held stationary (oscillatory Couette flow). In each of the Stokes and Couette cases, both cosine and sine oscillations of the plate are considered. It is assumed that the fluids are immiscible, and that the flat interface between the fluids remains flat for all times. Solutions to the initial-boundary value problems are obtained using the Laplace transform method.The results obtained for the velocity fields for the flows are new and complete. Steady periodic and transient velocity fields are explicitly presented. Transient and steady-state shear stresses at the boundaries of the flows are calculated; the existing literature lacks any such results. The results derived in this paper retrieve previously known results for corresponding single-layer flows. Furthermore, the results obtained are illustrated taking particular example of each of the Stokes’ problem and the Couette flow. With the help of the illustrations, some physical insights into the flows of the particular problems are gained. Again, the results obtained could also be applicable to a problem of heat conduction in a composite solid with sinusoidal temperature variation on the surface.
Helicon ion source for plasma processing (1994)

The results of theoretical and experimental investigations of dense plasma source resonantly excited by helicon wave are presented. Driven by a single-loop low-voltage (≂300 V) antenna, a source generates a plasma of density up to 5×1011 cm−3 at gas pressures 0.5–20 mTorr, operates at magnetic fields &lt;100 Gs, and produces low-energy ion fluxes (&lt;60 eV) with current densities up to 7 mA/cm2 and 3.5% nonuniformity within a diameter 10 cm. A high-efficiency helicon source originates in a special kind of ‘‘resonance’’ wave discharge, where a sharp increase of plasma resistance occurs near the helicon wave dispersion branches.
Solar concentrator materials development (1986)

Materials with potential applications in reflective and refractive solar dynamic concentrators are tested for resistance to atomic oxygen degradation. It is found that inorganic coatings such as MgF2, SiO(x), and ITO provide excellent protection for reflective surfaces while organic materials are much more susceptible to erosion and mass loss. Of the organic polymers tested, the silicones have the highest intrinsic resistance to atomic oxygen degradation.
Efficient Codebook-Based Beamforming Algorithm for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems (2017)

Hybrid beamforming architecture, consisting of a low-dimensional baseband digital beamforming component and a high-dimensional analog beamforming component, has received considerable attention in the context of millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output systems. This is because it can achieve an effective compromise between hardware complexity and system performance. To avoid accurate estimation of the channel, a codebook-based technique is widely used in analog beamforming components, wherein a transmitter and receiver jointly examine an analog precoder and analog combiner pair according to predesigned codebooks, without using a priori channel information. However, identifying an optimal analog precoder and analog combiner pair using the exhaustive search algorithm (ESA) incurs exponential complexity, causing the number of radio frequency chains to proliferate and hindering the resolution of the phase shifters, which cannot be solved even for highly reasonable system parameters. To reduce the search complexity while maximizing the achievable rate, we propose a low-complexity, near-optimal algorithm developed from a cross-entropy optimization framework. Our simulation results reveal that our algorithm achieves near-optimal performance at a much lower complexity than does the optimal ESA.
“Shear induced platelet activation” - A critical reappraisal (1985)

Platelets were found to be stimulated by high shear exposure for 5 minutes. Using a new technique, shear stresses up to 255 N/m2, acting for pathophysiological relevant intervals of milliseconds did not elicit active release of beta-TG, beyond the amount explained by LDH-monitored passive lysis. Neither the plasma level of ionized calcium (citrate vs heparin anticoagulation), nor a potent platelet inhibiting agent like PgI2 (20 nM) did significantly alter platelet responses to short acting high shear stress. Ultrastructural signs of activation could largely be suppressed by adding ADP-scavengers. Direct "shear induced platelet activation" appears rather unlikely and mostly reducible to secondary biochemical activation by mediators, probably adenine nucleotides, from a small percentage of passively shear-destroyed platelets. The extent of this secondary activation is largely a matter of experimental conditions.
R-1626, a specific oral NS5B polymerase inhibitor of hepatitis C virus. (2008)

Roche Holding AG is developing R-1626, an oral nucleoside inhibitor of HCV RNA polymerase. R-1626 has been demonstrated to be well absorbed and rapidly converted to the active component R-1479. The compound has demonstrated a strong capacity to inhibit HCV replication in vitro and in vivo, without the rapid development of viral resistance. After 4 weeks of treatment with R-1626 in combination with PEG-IFN plus ribavirin in treatment-naïve patients with genotype 1 HCV infection, HCV RNA could no longer be detected in approximately 74% of patients, compared with 5% of patients treated with PEG-IFN plus ribavirin alone, indicating the high potency of R-1626 to induce HCV RNA viral load reductions. R-1626 was generally well tolerated, although severe side effects of neutropenia were observed at high doses. A phase IIb clinical trial was ongoing at the time of publication to test the efficacy of R-1626 in combination with a standard or lower dose of PEG-IFN and ribavirin in HCV genotype 1-infected patients. Given its potent antiviral effect with an apparent high genetic barrier, R-1626 represents an important advancement in improving the outcome of patients with chronic HCV infection.
Studies toward the Large-Scale Synthesis of the HIV Proteinase Inhibitor Ro 31-8959 (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies toward the Large-Scale Synthesis of the HIV Proteinase Inhibitor Ro 31-8959Kevin E. B. Parkes, David J. Bushnell, Peter H. Crackett, Stephen J. Dunsdon, Andrew C. Freeman, Michelle P. Gunn, Richard A. Hopkins, Robert W. Lambert, Joseph A. Martin, and Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 13, 3656–3664Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00092a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00092a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5179Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Novel analgetics and molecular rearrangements in the morphine-thebaine group. XVIII. 3-Deoxy-6,14-endo-etheno-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavines (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel analgetics and molecular rearrangements in the morphine-thebaine group. XVIII. 3-Deoxy-6,14-endo-etheno-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavinesJohn William Lewis and Michael J. ReadheadCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 3, 525–527Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00297a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00297a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Semi-Supervised Bootstrapping of Relationship Extractors with Distributional Semantics (2015)

Semi-supervised bootstrapping techniques for relationship extraction from text iteratively expand a set of initial seed relationships while limiting the semantic drift. We research bootstrapping for relationship extraction using word embeddings to find similar relationships. Experimental results show that relying on word embeddings achieves a better performance on the task of extracting four types of relationships from a collection of newswire documents when compared with a baseline using TF-IDF to find similar relationships.
Preparation and Evaluation of Buccal Mucoadhesive Patch of Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate for the Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (2011)

The aim of the present study was to develop the mucoadhesive buccal film of Betamethasone sodium phosphate
(BSP) by solvent casting method using Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) E5 LV and carbopol (CP) 940P as
polymer, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 as plasticizer. All the formulations were examined for film thickness,
weight variation, drug content, percentage moisture loss, percentage moisture absorption, surface pH, folding
endurance, tensile strength, in vitro and in vivo residence time and in vitro release. The all prepared buccal patches
were transparent, smooth, consistent and flexible. The percentage moisture loss and percentage moisture absorption
of optimised formulation (F3) were found to be 6.59 ± 0.54 and 5.74 ± 0.21 respectively. The surface pH of all
formulation showed to be neutral. In vitro and in vivo residence time of all patches showed above 30 minutes. The
formulation F3 showed optimum tensile strength (7.72 ± 0.41 kg/mm2) which indicates less probability of rupture. In
vitro drug release of optimised formulation (F3) was found to be 88.59 ± 2.74 at the end of 30 min. Stability studies
were performed for optimised formulation (F3) and showed no appreciable change in physical structure and in drug
content. The optimized formulation was given for Clinical study at Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore.
Model-Based Electrochemical Estimation and Constraint Management for Pulse Operation of Lithium Ion Batteries (2009)

High-power lithium ion batteries are often rated with multiple current and voltage limits depending on the duration of the pulse event. These variable control limits, however, are difficult to realize in practice. In this paper, a linear Kalman filter based on a reduced order electrochemical model is designed to estimate internal battery potentials, concentration gradients, and state-of-charge (SOC) from external current and voltage measurements. A reference current governor predicts the operating margin with respect to electrode side reactions and surface depletion/saturation conditions responsible for damage and sudden loss of power. The estimates are compared with results from an experimentally validated, 1-D, nonlinear finite volume model of a 6 Ah hybrid electric vehicle battery. The linear filter provides, to within ~ 2%, performance in the 30%-70% SOC range except in the case of severe current pulses that draw electrode surface concentrations to near saturation and depletion, although the estimates recover as concentration gradients relax. With 4 to 7 states, the filter has low-order comparable to empirical equivalent circuit models commonly employed and described in the literature. Accurate estimation of the battery's internal electrochemical state enables an expanded range of pulse operation.
N-Alkylation of Secondary Amine Tricyclic Antidepressants as a General Method for Their Quantitation by GC-MS-SIM Technique. Preparation of N-Ethyl Derivatives of Desimipramine, Nortriptyline, Protiptyline and Desmethyldoxepin (1979)

Abstract A simple method for the preparation of N-ethyl derivatives of secondary amino tricyclic antidepressants is described, using dimethylformamide diethyl acetal as the alkylating reagent. The GC data and electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectra of N-ethyl derivatives are presented. The use of these derivatives in the quantitation of plasma levels of these drugs in clinical studies is discussed.
Channel selection by class separability measures for automatic transcriptions on distant microphones (2007)

Channel selection is important for automatic speech recognition as the signal quality of one channel might be significantly better than those of the other channels and therefore, microphone array or blind source separation techniques might not lead to improvements over the best single microphone. The mayor challenge, however, is to find this particular channel who is leading to the most accurate classification. In this paper we present a novel channel selection method, based on class separability, to improve multi-source far distance speech-totext transcriptions. Class separability measures have the advantage, compared to other methods such as the signal to noise ratio (SNR), that they are able to evaluate the channel quality on the actual features of the recognition system. We have evaluated on NISTs RT-07 development set and observe significant improvements in word accuracy over SNR based channel selection methods. We have also used this technique in NISTs RT-07 evaluation.
Linkage analysis of 153 prostate cancer families over a 30-cM region containing the putative susceptibility locus HPCX. (1999)

Several genetic epidemiological studies have provided data to support the hypothesis that there are genes on the X chromosome that may contribute to prostate cancer susceptibility. A recent linkage study of 360 prostate cancer families described evidence for a prostate cancer predisposition gene, termed HPCX, which maps to Xq27-28. To confirm the potential contribution of this locus to prostate cancer susceptibility in an independent dataset, we studied 153 unrelated families who are participants in the University of Michigan Prostate Cancer Genetics Project. Families selected for this analysis have at least two living family members with prostate cancer that are related in a way that they could potentially share a common ancestral copy of an X chromosome. DNA samples were genotyped using a panel of seven polymorphic markers spanning 30 cM and containing the HPCX candidate region. The resulting data were analyzed using both nonparametric and parametric linkage methods. Analysis of all 153 families using multipoint non-parametric linkage (NPL) methods resulted in positive NPL Z-scores across the entire candidate interval (NPL Z-scores of 0.23-1.06, with corresponding one-sided Ps of 0.41 and 0.15, respectively). The 11 African-American families had negative NPL Z-scores across the same 30-cM interval. Analysis of the 140 Caucasian families produced a maximal NPL Z-score of 1.20, with a corresponding one-sided P of 0.12 at marker DXS1113. The subset of families with no evidence of male-to-male disease transmission and with early-onset prostate cancer (average age at diagnosis within a family < or = 65 years) contributed disproportionately to the evidence for linkage for the entire dataset in the HPCX candidate region (near marker DXS1113). In conclusion, this study of 153 families, each with two or more living members with prostate cancer, provides some additional support for the existence of a prostate cancer susceptibility gene at Xq27-28.
MHC class II-restricted presentation of endogenously synthesized antigen: Epstein-Barr virus transformed B cell lines can present the viral glycoprotein gp340 by two distinct pathways (1993)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) efficiently process exogenous antigens for MHC class II-restricted presentation via the chloroquine-sensitive endosomal pathway. Using MHC class II-restricted T cell clones specific for EBV structural proteins, however, we frequently observed significant responses to autologous LCL cells without the addition of exogenous virus. Such responses were reduced by pre-treating the LCL with acyclovir (ACV), a drug blocking productive EBV infection. This suggested T cell recognition of antigen synthesized by LCL cells spontaneously entering virus productive cycle, and led us to question by what route(s) MHC class II-restricted presentation of endogenously synthesized virion proteins was occurring. Cell sorting experiments, using the viral envelope glycoprotein gp340 as a surface marker of productively-infected cells, confirmed that stimulatory activity lay within the gp340-positive fraction. However, closer analysis revealed that most of these cells were not productively-infected but were EBV receptor-positive and had bound released virus. We infer that receptor-mediated delivery of released virus into the endosomal pathway is one route whereby an LCL can present endogenously synthesized EBV proteins on MHC class II molecules. To ask whether another, more direct, route of processing was possible, we used a recombinant vaccinia viral vector to express gp340 de novo in ACV-treated LCLs. Significantly, these cells presented the endogenously synthesized antigen to autologous gp340-specific T cell clones via a chloroquine-resistant pathway. In the same experiments, vaccinia-mediated expression of a signal peptide-deleted form of gp340 did not lead to T cell stimulation, suggesting that this second route of processing required entry of endogenously synthesized antigen into the endoplasmic reticulum.
Case Study (2000)

Sephacryl S-300 has been compared with Sephadex G-200 in the fractionation of sera for the detection of rubella-specific IgM. No difference in sensitivity was found with sera that had low titres of rubella-specific IgM. Sephadex G-200 was apparently more sensitive with some sera which had high titres of rubella-specific IgM due to the contribution of rubella-specific IgA. Sephacryl S-300 offers considerable advantages in ease and speed of preparation, and as it is a more rigid gel higher flow rates can be obtained. Sera may be fractionated in 2.5 hours on Sephacryl S-300 compared with 7-10 hours on Sephadex G-200.
Position‐based facial animation synthesis (2012)

ABSTRACT We propose an integrated facial dynamics model addressing the animation of 3D humanoid faces in real time. The computational model mimics facial motion by reproducing the layered anatomical structure of a human head including the bony structure, overlapping facial muscles and the skin. The model is flexible enough to animate face meshes of various shape, connectivity, and scale. Different from previously proposed approaches based on mass–spring networks, overshooting problems are avoided by simulating the dynamics through a position‐based scheme, which allows for real‐time performance, control, and robustness. Experiments demonstrate that convincing expressive facial animation can be interactively prototyped on consumer class platforms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Internal Friction of Nanoscale Gallium Droplets (2002)

A simple but effective method, ultrasonic vibration, has been used to prepare the nanoscale (hereafter n-) Ga droplets. The n-Ga droplets with average particle size of about 60–80 nm in diameter dispersed in polystyrenes (PS) have been successfully obtained. The low frequency internal friction of solid polystyrenes containing n-Ga droplets was measured. We observed for the first time, that the internal friction peak caused by n-Ga droplets appears around 313 K. The peak shifts to higher temperature with increasing frequency, indicating a relaxation peak. It is suggested that the internal friction peak is associated with the relaxation of n-Ga droplets in the cavities of matrix under applied stress.
Characterization of an autosomal dominant bleeding disorder caused by a thrombomodulin mutation (2015)

We describe a family with an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by severe trauma- and surgery-related bleeding. The proband, who experienced life-threatening bleeding during a routine operation, had normal clotting times, but markedly reduced prothrombin consumption. Plasma levels of all coagulation factors and of the main coagulation inhibitors were normal. Thrombin generation at low triggers was severely impaired and mixing experiments suggested the presence of a coagulation inhibitor. Using whole exome sequencing, the underlying genetic defect was identified as the THBD c.1611C>A mutation (p.Cys537Stop), which predicts a truncated form of thrombomodulin that is shed from the vascular endothelium. The patient had decreased expression of endothelium-bound thrombomodulin, but extremely elevated levels of soluble thrombomodulin in plasma, impairing the propagation phase of coagulation via rapid activation of protein C and consequent inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa. The same thrombomodulin mutation has been recently described in an unrelated British family with strikingly similar features.
Formaldehyde dismutase, a novel NAD-binding oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas putida F61 (1986)

A novel enzyme, formaldehyde dismutase, was purified and crystallized from the cell extract of an isolated bacterium, Pseudomonas putida F61. The enzyme catalyzes the dismutation of aldehydes and alcohol:aldehyde oxidoreduction in the absence of an exogenous electron acceptor. The enzyme is composed of four identical subunits with a Mr of 44 000. Each subunit contains 1 mol NAD(H) and 2 mol zinc/mol. The ratio of NAD+ and NADH in a crystalline preparation of the enzyme was about 7:3. The enzyme-bound coenzyme was completely reduced and oxidized on the addition of a large amount of an alcohol and an aldehyde respectively. Both the oxidized and reduced enzymes catalyzed the dismutation reaction to the same extent. Steady-state kinetics of the enzyme were investigated using an oxidoreduction reaction between an alcohol and p-nitroso-N, N-dimethylaniline. The enzyme obeys a ping-pong mechanism and is competitively inhibited by an alcoholic substrate analogue, pyrazole, but not coenzyme analogues, such as AMP, N-methylnicotinamide. These results indicate that NAD(H) binds firmly (but not covalently) at each active site. The enzyme-bound NAD(H) was reduced and oxidized only by the added second substrates, alcohol and aldehyde respectively, and not by exogenous electron acceptors [including NAD(H)].