gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in the Kidney (2008)

S ignaling through epidermal growth factor (EGF) recep- tors (ErbB receptors; EGFRs) is important for fundamental cellular functions, such as proliferation, migration, growth, and differentiation. 1 In human biology, ErbB signaling is involved in normal growth and development, as well as in the initiation and progression of disease.Based on the aberrant expression in a variety of malignant tumors, ErbB family members have been recognized as targets in anticancer therapy and are now used in the treatment of breast and colon malignancies.Other than tumor biology, ErbB signaling is critically involved in renal electrolyte homeostasis.Moreover, ErbB family members are implicated in the development of end organ damage, as occurs in hypertension 2 and atherosclerosis. 3Therefore, the therapeutic potential of targeting ErbB receptors and ErbB signaling pathways may go beyond the field of oncology.In this review, we report on the physiological and disease-related aspects of renal ErbB signaling, with attention to potential benefits and downsides of systemic ErbB inhibition in the healthy and diseased kidney.
Nanodiamond gels in nonpolar media: Colloidal and rheological properties (2014)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nancy A. Burns, Michael A. Naclerio, Saad A. Khan, Akbar Shojaei, Srinivasa R. Raghavan; Nanodiamond gels in nonpolar media: Colloidal and rheological properties. J. Rheol. 1 September 2014; 58 (5): 1599–1614. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.4892901 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The Role of Gas Dissolution and Induced Crystallization During Microcellular Polymer Processing: A Study of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) and Carbon Dioxide Systems (1995)

One of the critical steps in the production of microcellular polymers is the dissolution of gas into a polymer matrix. In this paper, the formation of a gas and semi-crystalline thermoplastic solution is studied in the presence of a crystallizing matrix with particular emphasis on the ultimate effects of crystallinity on microcellular polymer processing. In this particular study, carbon dioxide was selected as the gas and poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as the polymer. Polymer/gas solution formation is the precursor to the microvoid nucleation and growth during microcellular polymer processing. In batch processing, the solution formation is typically accomplished by placing a polymer sample in a high pressure gas environment resulting in the diffusion of gas into the polymer matrix. For gas and semi-crystalline thermoplastic systems, the solution formation process is notably more complex. In particular, PET crystallizes in the presence of high Co2 solution concentrations. The crystallization results in a solution that is relatively difficult to microcellular process, requiring relatively high temperatures as compared to amorphous polymer/gas solutions. However, the resulting crystalline foam has a superior microcellular morphology. In addition, the crystallization of the solution results in a lower solubility, an increased matrix stiffness, and a lower diffusivity. Our analysis includes (1) an experimental characterization of the carbon dioxide-induced crystallization occurring during microcellular polymer processing, indicating a critical gas concentration is required for crystallization, (2) an experimental estimation of the vis-coelastic behavior of amorphous and semi-crystalline PET/CO2 solutions, and (3) an experimental investigation of the effects of crystallinity on microcellular processing and the resulting cell morphology. Crystallinity was found to play a major role in microcellular processing through its effects on (a) cell nucleation mechanisms resulting in larger cell densities due to heterogeneous nucleation at the amorphous/crystalline boundaries and (b) cell growth mechanisms resulting in smaller cell sizes due to the increased matrix stiffness of the semi-crystalline matrix.
Application of Passive Porous Treatment to Slat Trailing Edge Noise (2003)

Abstract Porous trailing-edge treatment is investigated as a passive means for slat noise reduction by using time-accurate simulations based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. For the model scale high-lift configuration used during previous experiments in the Low-Turbulence Pressure Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center, application of the proposed treatment over a minute fraction of the slat surface area is shown to mitigate the noise impact of the trailing edge, with no measurable aerodynamic penalty. Assessment c$ the pressure fluctuations in the vicinity of the treated edge indicates a potential noise reduction in excess c,f 20 dB. The primary mechanism underlying this reduction is related to the reduced strength of Strouhal shedding from the finite thickness trailing edge. A secondary effect of the treatment involves an upward shift in the Strouhal-shedding frequency to a frequency band of reduced auditory sensitivi9 in a full-scale application.
THE INCREASE OF BLOOD HISTAMINE IN EXPERIMENTAL OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE AND ITS CAUSES (1956)

Anrep and Barsoum (1) reported that the histamine equivalent in the systemic blood was increased by ligature of the common bile duct in a dog. In accordance with their observations (2) in a perfusion experiment using dog's heart-lung-liver preparations and on the whole animal, that whereas a marked histamine release by bile salts was seen from the liver, no such release was detected from the lungs, heart, intestines, limbs, and other organs, these workers concluded that the increased amount of histamine in the systemic blood had mainly originated from the liver. The fact that the blood histamine level increases during obstructive jaundice is interesting not only because histamine is well known as a substance which causes itching but because it offers a new view-point in the considerations of clinical and pathological problems regarding jaundice.Accordingly, the experiments of Anrep and Barsoum (1) on the experimental obstructive jaundice were followed and the fact of rise of blood histamine level was confirmed. Further examinations were made as to its cause and it was found that some of the bile salts, under a certain condition, released a fair amount of histamine from the skin and at the same time, some new observations were obtained regarding the presence of a definite inhibitory action of these bile salts against histaminase activity, which may also constitute a cause for the increase of blood histamine level. These experimental results are described in the present paper, together with some considerations made on itching during jaundice.
<scp>γδ</scp>T Cells: First Line of Defense and Beyond (2014)

γδ T cells, αβ T cells, and B cells are present together in all but the most primitive vertebrates, suggesting that each population contributes to host immune competence uniquely and that all three are necessary for maintaining immune competence. Functional and molecular analyses indicate that in infections, γδ T cells respond earlier than αβ T cells do and that they emerge late after pathogen numbers start to decline. Thus, these cells may be involved in both establishing and regulating the inflammatory response. Moreover, γδ T cells and αβ T cells are clearly distinct in their antigen recognition and activation requirements as well as in the development of their antigen-specific repertoire and effector function. These aspects allow γδ T cells to occupy unique temporal and functional niches in host immune defense. We review these and other advances in γδ T cell biology in the context of their being the major initial IL-17 producers in acute infection.
Kinsenoside ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration through the activation of AKT-ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway (2019)

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is recognized as the major contributor to low back pain, which results in disability worldwide and heavy burdens on society and economy. Here we present evidence that the lower level of Nrf2 is closely associated with higher grade of IDD. The apoptosis and senescence of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were exacerbated by Nrf2 knockdown, but suppressed by Nrf2 overexpression under oxidative stress. Based on findings that Kinsenoside could exert multiple pharmacological effects, we found that Kinsenoside rescued the NPC viability under oxidative stress and protected against apoptosis, senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction in a Nrf2-dependent way. Further experiments revealed that Kinsenoside activated a signaling pathway of AKT-ERK1/2-Nrf2 in NPCs. Moreover, in vivo study showed that Kinsenoside ameliorated IDD in a puncture-induced model. Together, the present work suggests that Nrf2 is involved in the pathogenesis of IDD and shows the protective effects as well as the underlying mechanism of Kinsenoside on Nrf2 activation in NPCs.
Thermal Contraction of Carbon Fullerenes and Nanotubes (2004)

We perform molecular dynamics simulations to study shape changes of carbon fullerenes and nanotubes with increasing temperature. At moderate temperatures, these systems gain structural and vibrational entropy by exploring the configurational space at little energy cost. We find that the soft phonon modes, which couple most strongly to the shape, maintain the surface area of these hollow nanostructures. In nanotubes, the gain in entropy translates into a longitudinal contraction, which reaches a maximum at T approximately 800 K. Only at much higher temperatures do the anharmonicities in the vibration modes cause an overall expansion.
Identiteitsnavigatie in passivistische verzetskranten uit WO I (1970)

ldentity construction in Belgian, passivist resistance newspapers from World War I isstudied in this article, by drawing on Membership Categorization Analysis. More specifically,the ever-changing and multifaceted dynamics between the ingroup and outgroupare scrutinized. The ingroup (' us') consisted, at the core, of the passivists within theFlemish Movement, and the outgroup ('them') was mostly taken up by the German occupier.However, the analysis proves the intricacy of both groups extended well beyondthat. Special attention is directed towards the activists, whom took up a particularly complexplace in between both groups. Overall, the analysis, which takes a social-constructionistviewpoint, illustrates identity construction's ephemeral nature.
A Highly Efficient Copper‐Mediated Radioiodination Approach Using Aryl Boronic Acids (2016)

A convenient and quantitative radioiodination method by copper-mediated cross-coupling of aryl boronic acids was developed. The mild labeling conditions, ready availability of the boronic acid substrate, simple operation, broad functional group tolerance and excellent radiochemical yield (RCY) make this a practical strategy for radioiodine labeling without further purification.
Highly restricted distributions of hydrophobic and charged amino acids in longitudinal quadrants of alpha-helices. (1991)

Helix formation in folding proteins is stabilized by binding of recurrent hydrophobic side chains in one longitudinal quadrant against the locally most hydrophobic region of the protein. To test this hypothesis, we fitted sequences of 247 alpha-helices of 55 proteins to the circular (infinite) template (symbol; see text) to maximize the strip-of-helix hydrophobicity index (the mean hydrophobicity of residues in (symbol; see text) positions). These template-predicted configurations closely matched crystallographic structures in 87% of four- or five-turn helices compared. We determined the longitudinal quadrant distributions of amino acids in the template-fitted, sheet projections of alpha-helices with respect to the best longitudinal, hydrophobic strip on each helix and to the N and C termini, interiors, and entire helices. Amino acids Leu, Ile, Val, and Phe were concentrated in one longitudinal quadrant (p less than 0.001). Lys, Arg, Asp, and Glu were not in the quadrant of Leu, Ile, Val, and Phe (p less than 0.001). Significant quadrant distributions for other amino acids and for termini of the helices were also found.
Tribochemical Polishing of Silicon Nitride (1998)

Tribochemical polishing (TCP) is a new technique for polishing materials that is based on the friction‐stimulated dissolution of material in a liquid. It differs from chemomechanical or mechanochemical polishing in that it does not use abrasives. Tribochemical polishing of silicon nitride was explored as a function of the mechanical parameters and the nature of chemical solutions and their concentrations. Over 30 chemical solutions such as acids, bases, salts, and inorganic and organic oxidizers were studied for material removal, polishing rate, and surface quality. Optical, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopy have been used to explore the polishing rate and the surface morphology. Distilled water produces purely tribochemical material removal and very smooth surfaces at low contact pressures. In hydrogen peroxide, the polishing rates are higher and increase with concentration; 3 vol % hydrogen peroxide gives a high polishing rate and smooth surfaces by pure tribochemical reaction. Chromium (VI) oxide in all concentrations less than the solubility limit shows the best, purely tribochemical polishing results and the smoothest surface. Combinations of chromium oxide and hydrogen peroxide, and many of the chromates (VI) show excellent efficiencies. Some chemical solutions containing excess oxygen also present high performance of tribochemical polishing. Some strong organic oxidants which have excess oxygen and some inorganic chemical solutions show 10–250 times lower polishing rates than water. These low material removal rates suggest their use as antiwear agents in aqueous lubricants.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel C-8 Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines as Balanced-Affinity Mu/Delta Opioid Ligands for the Treatment of Pain (2018)

The use of opioids for the treatment of pain, while largely effective, is limited by detrimental side effects including analgesic tolerance, physical dependence, and euphoria, which may lead to opioid abuse. Studies have shown that compounds with a μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist/δ-opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist profile reduce or eliminate some of these side effects including the development of tolerance and dependence. Herein we report the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of tetrahydroquinoline-based peptidomimetics with substitutions at the C-8 position. Relative to our lead peptidomimetic with no C-8 substitution, this series affords an increase in DOR affinity and provides greater balance in MOR and DOR binding affinities. Moreover, compounds with carbonyl moieties at C-8 display the desired MOR agonist/DOR antagonist profile whereas alkyl substitutions elicit modest DOR agonism. Several compounds in this series produce a robust antinociceptive effect in vivo and show antinociceptive activity for greater than 2 h after intraperitoneal administration in mice.
MaTrEx: the DCU Machine Translation System for IWSLT 2007 (2006)

In this paper, we give a description of the machine translation system devel-oped at DCU that was used for our sec-ond participation in the evaluation cam-paign of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT 2007). In this participation, we focus on some new methods to improve sys-tem quality. Specifically, we try our word packing technique for different language pairs, we smooth our translation tables with out-of-domain word translations for the Arabic–English and Chinese–English tasks in order to solve the high number of out of vocabulary items, and finally we deploy a translation-based model for case and punctuation restoration. We participated in both the classical and challenge tasks for the following translation directions: Chinese–English, Japanese–English and Arabic–English. For the last two tasks, we translated both the single-best ASR hypotheses and the correct recognition results; for Chinese– English, we just translated the correct recognition results. We report the results of the system for the provided evaluation sets, together with some additional ex-periments carried out following identifi-cation of some simple tokenisation errors in the official runs. 1
Modern Statistical Challenges in High-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy (2015)

Conventional light microscopes have been used for centuries for the study of small length scales down to approximately 250 nm. Images from such a microscope are typically blurred and noisy, and the measurement error in such images can often be well approximated by Gaussian or Poisson noise. In the past, this approximation has been the focus of a multitude of deconvolution techniques in imaging. However, conventional microscopes have an intrinsic physical limit of resolution. Although this limit remained unchallenged for a century, it was broken for the first time in the 1990s with the advent of modern superresolution fluorescence microscopy techniques. Since then, superresolution fluorescence microscopy has become an indispensable tool for studying the structure and dynamics of living organisms. Current experimental advances go to the physical limits of imaging, where discrete quantum effects are predominant. Consequently, this technique is inherently of a non-Gaussian statistical nature, and we argue that recent technological progress also challenges the long-standing Poisson assumption. Thus, analysis and exploitation of the discrete physical mechanisms of fluorescent molecules and light, as well as their distributions in time and space, have become necessary to achieve the highest resolution possible. This article presents an overview of some physical principles underlying modern fluorescence microscopy techniques from a statistical modeling and analysis perspective. To this end, we develop a prototypical model for fluorophore dynamics and use it to discuss statistical methods for image deconvolution and more complicated image reconstruction and enhancement techniques. Several examples are discussed in more detail, including variational multiscale methods for confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, drift correction for single marker switching (SMS) microscopy, and sparse estimation and background removal for superresolution by polarization angle demodulation (SPoD). We illustrate that such methods benefit from advances in large-scale computing, for example, from recent tools from convex optimization. We argue that in the future, even higher resolutions will require more detailed models that delve into sub-Poissonian statistics.
Tissue-Engineered Bone Serves as a Target for Metastasis of Human Breast Cancer in a Mouse Model (2007)

The high frequency and mortality associated with breast cancer metastasis to bone has motivated efforts to elucidate tumor-stroma interactions in the bone microenvironment contributing to invasion and proliferation of metastatic cells. The development of engineered tissues has prompted the integration of engineered bone scaffolds into animal models as potential targets for metastatic spread. Silk scaffolds were coupled with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), and maintained in culture for 7 weeks, 4 weeks, and 1 day before s.c. implant in a mouse model of human breast cancer metastasis from the orthotopic site. Following injection of SUM1315 cells into mouse mammary fat pads, tumor burden of implanted tissues was observed only in 1-day scaffolds. Scaffold development and implantation was then reinitiated to identify the elements of the engineered bone that contribute to metastatic spread. Untreated scaffolds were compared with BMP-2-coupled, BMSC-seeded, or BMP-2/BMSC-combined treatment. Migration of SUM1315 cells was detected in four of four mice bearing scaffolds with BMP-2 treatment and with BMSC treatment, respectively, whereas only one of six mice of the BMP-2/BMSC combination showed evidence of metastatic spread. Histology confirmed active matrix modeling and stromal cell/fibroblast infiltration in scaffolds positive for the presence of metastasis. These results show the first successful integration of engineered tissues in a model system of human breast cancer metastasis. This novel platform now can be used in continued investigation of the bone environment and stem cell contributions to the process of breast cancer metastasis.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF 1,8‐DIAZASPIRO(4,5)DECANES (1981)

Abstract Ausgehend von Benzyloxopyridin (I) wird über (II) das Spirodecandion (III) ( mit einer Gesamtausb.
Rewiring Kinase Specificity with a Synthetic Adaptor Protein (2012)

Signaling cascades are managed in time and space by interactions between and among proteins. These interactions are often aided by adaptor proteins, which guide enzyme-substrate pairs into proximity. Miniature proteins are a class of small, well-folded protein domains possessing engineered binding properties. Here we made use of two miniature proteins with complementary binding properties to create a synthetic adaptor protein that effectively redirects a ubiquitous signaling event: tyrosine phosphorylation. We report that miniature-protein-based adaptor 3 uses templated catalysis to redirect the Src family kinase Hck to phosphorylate hDM2, a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor and a poor Hck substrate. Phosphorylation occurs with multiple turnover and at a single site targeted by c-Abl kinase in the cell.
Isotopomer Analysis of Citric Acid Cycle and Gluconeogenesis in Rat Liver (1995)

We conducted an extensive mass isotopomer analysis of citric acid cycle and gluconeogenic metabolites isolated from livers of overnight fasted rats perfused with 4 mM glucose, 0.2 mM octanoate, 1 mM [U-13C3]lactate, and 0.2 mM [U-13C3]pyruvate, in the anterograde or retrograde mode. In both perfusion modes, two distinct isotopomer patterns were observed: (i) those of phosphoenolpyruvate, glucose, malate, and aspartate and (ii) those of citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, glutamate, and glutamine. Key citric acid cycle parameters and, hence, rates of gluconeogenesis, calculated (Lee, W.-N.P. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 13002-13004 and Lee, W.-N.P. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 25522-25526) from our mass isotopomer data did not only vary, but lead to conclusions inconsistent with Lee's citric acid cycle model. Compared to lactate and pyruvate uptake, which sets an upper limit to glucose production, rates of gluconeogenesis calculated (i) with the phosphoenolpyruvate and citrate data were similar, but those calculated (ii) with the glutamate data amounted to only 60%, which is unlikely. All these conclusions are independent of the perfusion modes. We provide evidence that the following processes contribute to the observed labeling discrepancy: (i) the reversibility of the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction and (ii) an active citrate cleavage pathway for the transfer of the oxaloacetate carbon skeleton from mitochondria to the cytosol. Also, a good fit of our labeling data was obtained with a model of citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis which we developed to incorporate the above reactions (Fernandez, C.A., and Des Rosiers, C. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 10037-10042). The following conclusions can be drawn from the calculated reaction rates: (i) about half of the lactate conversion to glucose occurs via the citrate cleavage pathway, (ii) the flux through the reversal of the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction is almost as fast as that through the citrate synthase reaction, and (iii) the flux through citrate synthase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is 1.6- and 3.2-fold that through pyruvate carboxylase, respectively.