gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Smoothing Filters (1974)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. J. Caulfield, "Optical Smoothing Filters," Appl. Opt. 13, 996-997 (1974) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Tumor Regression and Growth Rates Determined in Five Intramural NCI Prostate Cancer Trials: The Growth Rate Constant as an Indicator of Therapeutic Efficacy (2010)

Incremental reductions in tumor growth rate constants suggest increased efficacy in successive chemotherapy trials. The derived growth rate constant correlates with survival, and may be used to assess efficacy. The PSA-TRICOM vaccine appears to have provided marked benefit not apparent during vaccination, but consistent with subsequent development of a beneficial immune response. If validated as a surrogate for survival, growth rate constants would offer an important new efficacy endpoint for clinical trials.
Real-Time Reliable Multicast Using Proactive Forward Error Correction TITLE2: (1998)

Real-Time reliable multicast over a best-effort service network remains a challenging research problem. Most protocols for reliable multicast use repair techniques that result in significant and variable delay, which can lead to missed deadlines in real-time scenarios. This paper presents a repair technique that combines forward error correction (FEC) with automatic repeat request (ARQ). The novel aspect of the technique is its ability to reduce delay in reliable multicast delivery by sending repairs proactively (i.e., before they are required). The technique requires minimal state at senders and receivers, and no additional active router functionality beyond what is required by the current multicast service model. Furthermore, the technique uses only end-to-end mechanisms, where all data and repairs are transmitted by the data-originating source, leaving receivers free from any burden of sending repairs. We simulate a simple round-based version of a protocol embodying this technique to show its effectiveness in preventing repair request implosion, reducing the expected time of reliable delivery of data, and keeping bandwidth usage for repairs low. We show how a protocol using the technique can be adapted to provide delivery that is reliable before a real-time deadline with probabilities extremely close to one. Finally, we develop several variations of the protocol that use the technique in various fashions for high rate data streaming applications, and present results from additional simulations that examine performance in a variety of Internet-like heterogeneous networks.
Attaining both coverage and high spectral efficiency with adaptive OFDM downlinks (2003)

A downlink radio interface is proposed for cellular packet data systems with wide area coverage and high spectral efficiency. A slotted OFDM radio interface is used, in which time-frequency bins are allocated adaptively to different users within a downlink beam, based on their channel quality. Fading channels generated by vehicular 100 km/h users may be accommodated. Frequency division duplex (FDD) is assumed, which requires channel prediction in the terminals and feedback of that information to a packet scheduler at the base station. To attain both high spectral efficiency and good coverage within sectors/beams, a scheme based on coordinated scheduling between sectors of the same site, and the employment of frequency reuse factor above 1 only in outer parts of the sector, is proposed and evaluated. The resulting sector throughput increases with the number of active users. When terminals have one antenna and channels are Rayleigh fading, it results in a sector payload capacity between 1.2 (one user) and 2.1 bits/s/Hz/sector (for 30 users) in an interference-limited environment.
Divergence of the Hyperthermophilic Archaea Pyrococcus furiosus and P. horikoshii Inferred From Complete Genomic Sequences (1999)

Divergence of the hyperthermophilic Archaea, Pyrococcus furiosus and Pyrococcus horikoshii, was assessed by analysis of complete genomic sequences of both species. The average nucleotide identity between the genomic sequences is 70-75% within ORFs. The P. furiosus genome (1.908 mbp) is 170 kbp larger than the P. horikoshii genome (1.738 mbp) and the latter displays significant deletions in coding regions, including the trp, his, aro, leu-ile-val, arg, pro, cys, thr, and mal operons. P. horikoshii is auxotrophic for tryptophan and histidine and is unable to utilize maltose, unlike P. furiosus. In addition, the genomes differ considerably in gene order, displaying displacements and inversions. Six allelic intein sites are common to both Pyrococcus genomes, and two intein insertions occur in each species and not the other. The bacteria-like methylated chemotaxis proteins form a functional group in P. horikoshii, but are absent in P. furiosus. Two paralogous families of ferredoxin oxidoreductases provide evidence of gene duplication preceding the divergence of the Pyrococcus species.
Appropriate Antibiotic Use in Catheter-related Bloodstream Infection Reduces Recurrence of Bacteremia (2015)

米国感染症学会ガイドラインや日本感染症学会(the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases: JAID)と日本化学療法学会(Japanese Society of Chemotherapy: JSC)共同編集のJAID/JSC感染症治療ガイド2011では，カテーテル関連血流感染(catheter-related bloodstream infection: CRBSI)治療には，分離菌に対して感受性を示す抗菌薬の投与が推奨されている．しかし，臨床ではカテーテル抜去のみしか行われなかったり，分離菌に対し感受性のない抗菌薬が投与されることがある．本研究ではCRBSIについて，分離菌と投与された抗菌薬を調査し，カテーテル抜去のみを行った症例と感受性のある抗菌薬の投与を行った症例，感受性がない抗菌薬の投与がされた症例の3群を比べ，その後の菌血症再発に対する影響を解析した．分離菌に対し感受性のある抗菌薬を投与した群の菌血症再発率は，カテーテル抜去のみの群(p=0.004)や，分離菌に対し感受性のない抗菌薬が投与された群(p=0.031)に比べて有意に低かった．この結果から，CRBSIが疑われる場合は適切な抗菌薬の使用が推奨され，このことがCRBSI再発リスクを低減することが示された．
Unique approach to a combined-cycle unit. Part II. Turbine exhaust gas boiler (1976)

Fibrin ring granulomas of the bone marrow are described in two organ transplant patients (one renal, one cardiac) with disseminated cytomegalovirus infection. Infection was documented by viral cultures and seroconversion, and in both cases typical cytomegalic cells were identified in proximity to the fibrin ring granulomas. These represent the first case reports of bone marrow fibrin ring granulomas associated with cytomegalovirus.
Increased protein oxidation and decreased expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 protein in skin tissue of patients with diabetes (2014)

Collectively, our data show that expression of Nrf2 is clearly downregulated in diabetic skin tissue, and suggest that Nrf2 may be necessary for protection against glucose-induced oxidative stress.
The role of blood rheology in regulating blood pressure. (1997)

Review of the role of blood rheology in regulating blood pressure discloses that macromolecular binding to the erythrocyte membrane is a significant factor. Evidence is summarized supporting the thesis that blood viscosity is a prime regulator of blood pressure. Macromolecules may bind to erythrocytes and other macromolecules forming structures that increase blood viscosity when the blood stream flow rate is decreased. Review of the nature and extent of RBC membrane binding and a model for relating these bonds to blood pressure are presented.
What is a Salient Object? A Dataset and a Baseline Model for Salient Object Detection (2014)

Salient object detection or salient region detection models, diverging from fixation prediction models, have traditionally been dealing with locating and segmenting the most salient object or region in a scene. While the notion of most salient object is sensible when multiple objects exist in a scene, current datasets for evaluation of saliency detection approaches often have scenes with only one single object. We introduce three main contributions in this paper. First, we take an in-depth look at the problem of salient object detection by studying the relationship between where people look in scenes and what they choose as the most salient object when they are explicitly asked. Based on the agreement between fixations and saliency judgments, we then suggest that the most salient object is the one that attracts the highest fraction of fixations. Second, we provide two new less biased benchmark data sets containing scenes with multiple objects that challenge existing saliency models. Indeed, we observed a severe drop in performance of eight state-of-the-art models on our data sets (40%-70%). Third, we propose a very simple yet powerful model based on superpixels to be used as a baseline for model evaluation and comparison. While on par with the best models on MSRA-5 K data set, our model wins over other models on our data highlighting a serious drawback of existing models, which is convoluting the processes of locating the most salient object and its segmentation. We also provide a review and statistical analysis of some labeled scene data sets that can be used for evaluating salient object detection models. We believe that our work can greatly help remedy the over-fitting of models to existing biased data sets and opens new venues for future research in this fast-evolving field.
Design criteria for detent force reduction of permanent-magnet linear synchronous motors with Halbach array (2002)

In order to improve power efficiency, Halbach magnetized topology is applied to a short secondary slotted permanent-magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). Detent force of slotted PMLSMs is due to the interaction between the edges of the permanent magnet and the teeth of the primary core. This paper deals with detent force reduction methods such as adjustment of magnet length and skewing. Reduction effect of detent force and thrust performance for two topologies are also compared.
Effect of Mean Stress on the Rate of Growth of Fatigue Cracks in Sheet Materials (1962)

Fatigue tests have been carried out on sheet specimens, 10 in. wide by about 0·1 in. thick, containing a small central slit, and measurements made as the test proceeded of the lengths of fatigue cracks initiated by the slit. Seven common engineering materials were tested at various tensile mean and alternating stresses. Similar tests have been reported previously (Frost and Dugdale (1)† and Frost (2)) in which the tensile mean stresses were relatively low; in the present paper the effect of higher mean stresses on the rate of crack growth was investigated. It was concluded that, for values of mean stresses greater than 2 ton/in 2 , the rate of growth could be represented by: where l is the crack length, σ alt the nominal semi-range of alternating stress, σ mean the nominal tensile mean stress and σ mean ≥ σ alt (i.e. stress cycle wholly tensile), N the number of cycles, and P and Q are material constants. For mild steel and copper the rate of crack growth was independent of tensile mean stress,
Hepatocyte Permissiveness to Plasmodium Infection Is Conveyed by a Short and Structurally Conserved Region of the CD81 Large Extracellular Domain (2008)

Invasion of hepatocytes by Plasmodium sporozoites is a prerequisite for establishment of a malaria infection, and thus represents an attractive target for anti-malarial interventions. Still, the molecular mechanisms underlying sporozoite invasion are largely unknown. We have previously reported that the tetraspanin CD81, a known receptor for the hepatitis C virus (HCV), is required on hepatocytes for infection by sporozoites of several Plasmodium species. Here we have characterized CD81 molecular determinants required for infection of hepatocytic cells by P. yoelii sporozoites. Using CD9/CD81 chimeras, we have identified in CD81 a 21 amino acid stretch located in a domain structurally conserved in the large extracellular loop of tetraspanins, which is sufficient in an otherwise CD9 background to confer susceptibility to P. yoelii infection. By site-directed mutagenesis, we have demonstrated the key role of a solvent-exposed region around residue D137 within this domain. A mAb that requires this region for optimal binding did not block infection, in contrast to other CD81 mAbs. This study has uncovered a new functionally important region of CD81, independent of HCV E2 envelope protein binding domain, and further suggests that CD81 may not interact directly with a parasite ligand during Plasmodium infection, but instead may regulate the function of a yet unknown partner protein.
Ubiquitin gene expression in Dictyostelium is induced by heat and cold shock, cadmium, and inhibitors of protein synthesis (1988)

Ubiquitin is a highly conserved, multifunctional protein, which is implicated in the heat-shock response of eukaryotes. The differential expression of the multiple ubiquitin genes in Dictyostelium discoideum was investigated under various stress conditions. Growing D. discoideum cells express four major ubiquitin transcripts of sizes varying from 0.6 to 1.9 kb. Upon heat shock three additional ubiquitin mRNAs of 0.9, 1.2 and 1.4 kb accumulate within 30 min. The same three transcripts are expressed in response to cold shock or cadmium treatment. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide leads to a particularly strong accumulation of the larger ubiquitin transcripts, which code for polyubiquitins. Possible mechanisms regulating the expression of ubiquitin transcripts upon heat shock and other stresses are discussed.
Cortisol mobilizes mineral stores from vertebral skeleton in the European eel: an ancestral origin for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis? (2009)

Endogenous excess cortisol and glucocorticoid (GC) therapy are a major cause of secondary osteoporosis in humans. Intense bone resorption can also be observed in other vertebrates such as migratory teleost fish at the time of reproductive migration and during fasting when large amounts of calcium and phosphate are required. Using a primitive teleost, the European eel, as a model, we investigated whether cortisol could play an ancestral role in the induction of vertebral skeleton demineralization. Different histological and histomorphometric methods were performed on vertebral samples of control and cortisol-treated eels. We demonstrated that cortisol induced a significant bone demineralization of eel vertebrae, as shown by significant decreases of the mineral ratio measured by incineration, and the degree of mineralization measured by quantitative microradiography of vertebral sections. Histology and image analysis of ultrathin microradiographs showed the induction by cortisol of different mechanisms of bone resorption, including periosteocytic osteolysis and osteoclastic resorption. Specificity of cortisol action was investigated by comparison with the effects of sex steroids. Whereas, testosterone had no effect, estradiol induced vertebral skeleton demineralization, an effect related to the stimulated synthesis of vitellogenin (Vg), an oviparous specific phospho-calcio-lipoprotein. By contrast, the cortisol demineralization effect was not related to any stimulation of Vg. This study demonstrates GC-induced bone demineralization in an adult non-mammalian vertebrate, which undergoes natural bone resorption during its life cycle. Our data suggest that the stimulatory action of cortisol on bone loss may represent an ancestral and conserved endocrine regulation in vertebrates.
A Novel Plasma-Based Copper Dry Etching Method (2000)

A new copper dry etching method has been discovered and studied. The process is based on an unique HCl plasma-copper reaction that forms a solution soluble copper chloride compound. The physical ( e.g. , morphology, profile, volume expansion, and anisotropy) and chemical ( e.g. , reaction mechanism) aspects of the solid-state copper chloride growth mechanism have been delineated. This new process is applicable to the copper interconnection technology for advanced microelectronic and optoelectronic devices and circuits.
Surface Integrity Demands of High Precision Optical Molds and Realization by a New Process Chain (2011)

For the replication of optical plastic or glass components molding inserts with specific functional surface and sub-surface requirements are needed to withstand the thermal and mechanical loads during the replication process and to ensure the desired optical part quality with a surface roughness in the nanometer and a form accuracy in the sub-micron range. The conventional process chain for the manufacture of these molding inserts with a combination of grinding and polishing has severe disadvantages concerning machining time and production costs. Therefore, this paper presents a process chain consisting of a thermo-chemical surface treatment and a sub-sequent diamond cutting process for the manufacturing of optical molding inserts.
Administration of Nasal Nafarelin as Compared with Oral Danazol for Endometriosis (1988)

Treatment with nafarelin, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, reversibly inhibits ovarian function and induces hypoestrogenemia. To determine the efficacy of such hormonal manipulation in the treatment of endometriosis, we randomly assigned 213 patients with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis to receive, for six months, either nafarelin by nasal spray (400 or 800 micrograms per day) or oral danazol (800 mg per day). Placebo nasal spray and placebo tablets were used to double blind the study. Pretreatment and post-treatment laparoscopies were compared by means of the American Fertility Society's scoring system. More than 80 percent of the patients in each treatment group had a reduction in the extent of disease as assessed by laparoscopy. The mean laparoscopic scores decreased from 21.9 to 12.6 with 800 micrograms of nafarelin, from 20.4 to 11.7 with 400 micrograms of nafarelin, and from 18.4 to 10.5 with danazol (P = 0.0001 within each group; there were no statistically significant differences between the groups). The percentage of women with severely painful symptoms of endometriosis decreased from about 40 percent to 5 to 10 percent, whereas the percentage with no or minimal discomfort rose from 25 to 70 percent. Of the 149 patients who tried to become pregnant, 58 (39 percent) succeeded after the completion of treatment; similar rates of pregnancy applied to the three treatment groups. Danazol use decreased high-density lipoprotein levels and increased low-density lipoprotein levels. These changes were not observed in nafarelin users, but a higher percentage of them reported hot flashes and decreased libido. We conclude that nafarelin is an effective agent for treating endometriosis and has few side effects other than hypoestrogenism.
Systemic chemokine and chemokine receptor responses are divergent in allergic versus non-allergic humans (2002)

T(h)1- and T(h)2-polarized human T cell clones display distinct patterns of chemokine receptor expression and selective chemokine responsiveness in vitro. We hypothesized that natural exposure to environmental grass pollen would induce differential systemic chemokine and chemokine receptor expression patterns in individuals with allergic rhinitis compared to healthy controls with type 2- and type 1-dominated responses to allergen respectively. To this end, we compared chemokine receptor expression on peripheral blood T cells directly ex vivo and plasma chemokine levels between these two groups of study participants prior to and during the grass pollen season. T(h)1-associated CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 3 was strongly expressed on >50% CD4(+)/CD45RO(+) cells of all subjects. When examined longitudinally, CXCR3 expression increased over the grass pollen season (P < 0.0001), solely in non-allergic subjects. In contrast, for both allergic and non-allergic subjects, CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 (T(h)1-associated) and CCR3 (T(h)2-associated) were weakly expressed on <10% of CD4(+)/CD45RO(+) cells both prior to and during the grass pollen season. Type 1 chemokines CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9 and CXCL10 (monokine induced by IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kDa: CXCR3 ligands), and type 2 chemokines CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 11 (eotaxin: CCR3 ligand), CCL17 (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine: CCR4 ligand) and CCL22 (monocyte-derived chemokine: CCR4 ligand) were readily detectable in the plasma of most participants. Systemic CXCL9 levels decreased from pre- to grass pollen season in allergics (P < 0.05), whereas CCL17 decreased in non-allergics (P < 0.05) over the same period. Taken together, these longitudinal data suggest a systemic shift to more intensely type 1-dominated responses in non-allergic individuals and, conversely, to more type 2-dominated responses in allergic individuals upon natural re-exposure to grass pollen.
Knowledge based EM-ANN models for the design of wide bandwidth CPW patch/slot antennas (2003)

Knowledge based electromagnetically-trained artificial neural network (EM-ANN) models have been developed for the design of wide bandwidth CPW patch/slot antennas fed at the radiating edge. The knowledge based EM-ANN modeling technique is aimed at improving the accuracy of an existing model or improving/extending the existing model in some way. Existing models are used as prior knowledge in order to reduce the complexity of the new model to be developed. An existing first order model for the CPW patch/slot antenna has previously been developed using a segmentation approach in order to reduce computation time. This paper utilizes knowledge based ANN modeling techniques to enhance the existing CPW patch/slot antenna model by including second order effects, such as coupling between segmented pieces, and to alter the antenna feed structure for improved impedance matching. A wide-bandwidth antenna design has been carried our near 5.4 GHz. The developed modeling approach is general and can be used for modeling other antenna structures as well.
Optimizing memory swapping scheme on the memory debugging platform of CE devices (2018)

In this paper, we revisit the traditional memory debugging approach for CE Devices, and propose a novel memory debugging platform by modifying both DUMA library and Zram. Especially, we focus on the memory space wasted while detecting the memory error, because most CE devices have limited memory resource. For evaluation, we implemented a prototype of our debugging platform on Linux kernel version 4.8.17 and conducted various experiments with two different workloads. Our experimental results show that our scheme improves the performance of swapping by up to 58 times.
A Simple Switching Method for A Improved Power Factor Type Single Phase Converter. (1996)

Recent increase of semiconductor power converter systems brings about harmonic problems. In a single phase power converter, a capacitor-filtered rectifier is used to derive DC voltage from an AC commercial power source. This converter generates harmonic currents and its power factor is very low. In order to reduce harmonic currents and compensate the input power factor, we propose a novel switching method, called the simple partial switching method (SPSM), for a single phase AC to DC converter. A control device of the converter switches once in every half cycle of an AC commercial power source by this SPSM. The switching timing is decided by the input power factor and by the odd order harmonic estimation function of the input current. The estimation function is defined as the harmonics ratio compared with the harmonic currents standard. Experimental results clarify that our SPSM converter reduces harmonic currents and compensates the input power factor.