gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Source-driven packet marking for speech transmission over differentiated-services networks (2002)

We present a source-driven approach to packet marking for speech transmission over packet networks implementing the Differentiated Services model. Packets generated by the speech coder are examined: if deemed perceptually critical, they are marked as premium and sent on a "virtual wire;" otherwise, they are sent as regular best-effort traffic. Applied to speech coded with the ITU-T 8 kb/s speech coding standard G.729, the proposed source-driven packet marking scheme outperforms source-transparent techniques and provides clearly better perceptual quality than the unprotected case sending as little as 1/5 of the coded bitstream as premium traffic.
Making Concentric Hemicylinder Lenses (1974)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Robert E. Parks and Frank Cooke, "Making Concentric Hemicylinder Lenses," Appl. Opt. 13, 13-15 (1974) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Magnetoelectronic devices using α-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ bottom GMR spin-valves (2001)

The characteristics of a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) and a giant magnetoresistive (GMR) transpinnor, which is an active solid-state device, have been investigated using /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ bottom GMR spin-valves. Patterned /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ bottom GMR spin-valve devices exhibited excellent device performance, which is related to the high GMR ratio, high initial device resistivity, and good magnetic properties. The magnetic and electrical device testing results of MRAM and transpinnor suggest that they are potential candidates in high-density memories. The possibility of fabricating both an operating device (transpinnor) for the MRAM and a MRAM memory element on the same substrate offers the potential of reducing the real MRAM cell size.
An FFE TX with 3.8x eye improvement by automatic impedance adaptation for universal compatibility with arbitrary channel and RX impedances (2017)

An FFE TX which automatically adapts impedance to arbitrary channel and RX impedances is proposed. Based on on-chip TDR monitoring, the TX impedance matching is adaptively relaxed without increasing reflection. In experiment, the proposed TX adapted to any combination of 35-75Ω channels and 30-200Ω RX impedances, achieving 3.8x eye improvement and the maximum data rate of 12Gb/s.
Comparison of vacuum and gravity sap flows from paired Sugar Maple trees. (1970)

Paired sugar maple trees with single tapholes were used to compare sap yields from vacuum-pumping with sap yields from gravity flow. Results indicated that vacuum yields were approximately twice as great as gravity flows. These results support previous findings from studies in which vacuum and gravity were compared with two tapholes on the same tree.
Cannabidiolic acid methyl ester, a stable synthetic analogue of cannabidiolic acid, can produce 5‐HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor‐mediated suppression of nausea and anxiety in rats (2017)

HU-580 is more potent than CBDA at enhancing 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor activation, and inhibiting signs of acute and anticipatory nausea, and anxiety. Consequently, HU-580 is a potential medicine for treating some nausea and anxiety disorders and possibly other disorders ameliorated by enhancement of 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor activation.
Comparison of early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis with prebiotic fiber supplementation versus standard enteral solution: A prospective randomized double-blind study (2007)

Nasojejunal EN with prebiotic fiber supplementation in severe AP improves hospital stay, duration nutrition therapy, acute phase response and overall complications compared to standard EN therapy.
Enteric viruses in pediatric diarrhea in Saudi Arabia (2008)

Between September 1st, 2002 and August 31st, 2003, a panel of 1,000 stool samples was collected from patients presenting with diarrhea in the three major urban centers of Saudi Arabia; Riyadh, Mecca, and Jeddah. Each sample was tested for rotavirus, and astrovirus by ELISA, G and P type was determined for all rotaviruses. Adenoviruses were sought by hexon-specific PCR and identified by RFLP. A subset of 253 samples was also tested for norovirus by ELISA. Data were analyzed for seasonality of infection, patient nationality and likelihood of hospitalization. Although the overall incidence of rotavirus identification in acute diarrheal stool continued to decline, this was still the virus identified most commonly (6%). Norovirus accounted for 3.5%, astrovirus, 1.9% and adenovirus, 1.4%. Type G9 rotavirus was found to be present (and already common) in 2003, predating its first reported identification in the country in 2004. Most of the virus infections (and most of the G9 detections) occurred in April, the month following the occurrence of the Hajj in the study year. Although most viruses were spread equally in the population, rotaviruses were significantly more common in non-Saudis than in Saudi citizens. Overall the data are consistent with an increase in all virus infections following al Hajj and the potential introduction of novel strains (such as the G9 rotaviruses) by pilgrims. Hospitalization was significantly associated only with norovirus infections.
Anhydrous F-18 labeled eslemental flurine for radiopharmaceutical preparation. (1980)

Interest in fluorine- 18 as a label in radiopharmaceutical studies has led to the development of a method for the production of decicuries of anhydrous 18F-F2 using the 20Ne(d, alpha) 18F reaction. The amount of anhydrous 18F-F2 that can be removed from the target is a function of target pressure and carrier cokncentration increasing with rising target pressure and decreasing with decreasing carrier concentration. At a target pressure of 24 atmospheres and a carrier concentration of 0.1% F2, nearly 95% of the theoretical yield of fluorine- 18 produced can be removed and up to 85% delivered through a 10o-m stainless steel tube to the reaction chamber. Other functions affecting yield--including target design, target-gas handling and purity--have been addressed. Thick target yields for 14.0- and 9.4-MeV deuterons on target were measured to be 82 and 67 mCl/microA at saturation. With the BNL 60-in. cyclotron, production okf 600-800 mCl of 18F-F2 with a specific activity of approximately 10 mCi/mumole has been in effect since 1976.
A declarative formalism for specifying graphical layout (2002)

An approach to specifying graphical layouts of arbitrary objects, based on a T/sub E/X-like notation, is described. The simplest scheme offers specifications similar to T/sub E/X's box-and-glue metaphor. Size and position of boxes and glue can be specified by constraints. Advantages of this T/sub E/X-like formalism are its expressiveness, user-predictable layouts, and efficient implementation schemes for the underlying layout algorithms. This forms-oriented scheme is extended and generalized for specifying advanced graphical user interfaces (e.g. CLOS class browser).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Matched filter limits and code performance in digital magnetic recording (1991)

Presents a method for evaluating the performance of recording channels and codes for systems with additive spectral Gaussian noise. Starting with a noise-whitened isolated pulse, matched filters are calculated for the amplitude and timing channels which have the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and minimum jitter, respectively. In high-density recording systems, the pulse slimming equalization required to control intersymbol interference degrades the SNR and jitter. For the timing channel, a detector SNR is defined whose error statistics are nearly identical to the amplitude channel SNR. Procedures for calculating losses relative to the matched filter SNR are developed that facilitate performance comparisons of both channels. A series of runs for the Lorentzian input pulse and cos/sup n/ equalized output pulses compares the performance of several modulation codes and detection techniques. Write equalization and partial response type four equalization are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intelligent peripheral modules and applications performed by modular microcontrollers (2002)

Microcontrollers of the M68300 and M68HC16 families are built in a modular fashion. These microcontrollers are designed with modules that communicate with other on-chip modules through an intermodule bus. This bus is a silicon bus that is not available outside the chip itself. It is only used between the various modules on a particular implementation of the processor family being discussed in this paper. The intermodule bus is composed of the address and data buses, the interrupt lines and associated interrupt acknowledgement lines along with certain interrupt arbitration circuitry. Using this modular concept, modules can be rapidly assembled to form new derivatives of one of these processor families. Much of the work of implementing a new derivative is simply done with CAD (Computer Aided Design) tools. Still there is considerable work in designing the periphery of the chip so that bonding pads will be properly spaced. However, the focus of this paper is on programming the individual modules.
Machine-knitted washable sensor array textile for precise epidermal physiological signal monitoring (2020)

Wearable textile electronics are highly desirable for realizing personalized health management. However, most reported textile electronics can either periodically target a single physiological signal or miss the explicit details of the signals, leading to a partial health assessment. Furthermore, textiles with excellent property and comfort still remain a challenge. Here, we report a triboelectric all-textile sensor array with high pressure sensitivity and comfort. It exhibits the pressure sensitivity (7.84 mV Pa<sup>-1</sup>), fast response time (20 ms), stability (>100,000 cycles), wide working frequency bandwidth (up to 20 Hz), and machine washability (>40 washes). The fabricated TATSAs were stitched into different parts of clothes to monitor the arterial pulse waves and respiratory signals simultaneously. We further developed a health monitoring system for long-term and noninvasive assessment of cardiovascular disease and sleep apnea syndrome, which exhibits great advancement for quantitative analysis of some chronic diseases.
Sound of guns: digital forensics of gun audio samples meets artificial intelligence (2022)

Abstract Classifying a weapon based on its muzzle blast is a challenging task that has significant applications in various security and military fields. Most of the existing works rely on ad-hoc deployment of spatially diverse microphone sensors to capture multiple replicas of the same gunshot, which enables accurate detection and identification of the acoustic source. However, carefully controlled setups are difficult to obtain in scenarios such as crime scene forensics, making the aforementioned techniques inapplicable and impractical. We introduce a novel technique that requires zero knowledge about the recording setup and is completely agnostic to the relative positions of both the microphone and shooter. Our solution can identify the category, caliber, and model of the gun, reaching over 90% accuracy on a dataset composed of 3655 samples that are extracted from YouTube videos. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of applying Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in gunshot classification eliminating the need for an ad-hoc setup while significantly improving the classification performance.
Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phenazines that Kill Caenorhabditis elegans (2013)

Pathogenic microbes employ a variety of methods to overcome host defenses, including the production and dispersal of molecules that are toxic to their hosts. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a pathogen of a diverse variety of hosts including mammals and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, we identify three small molecules in the phenazine class that are produced by P. aeruginosa strain PA14 that are toxic to C. elegans. We demonstrate that 1-hydroxyphenazine, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, and pyocyanin are capable of killing nematodes in a matter of hours. 1-hydroxyphenazine is toxic over a wide pH range, whereas the toxicities of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and pyocyanin are pH-dependent at non-overlapping pH ranges. We found that acidification of the growth medium by PA14 activates the toxicity of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, which is the primary toxic agent towards C. elegans in our assay. Pyocyanin is not toxic under acidic conditions and 1-hydroxyphenazine is produced at concentrations too low to kill C. elegans. These results suggest a role for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid in mammalian pathogenesis because PA14 mutants deficient in phenazine production have been shown to be defective in pathogenesis in mice. More generally, these data demonstrate how diversity within a class of metabolites could affect bacterial toxicity in different environmental niches.
The Identification of Mono‐, Di‐, Tri‐, and Tetragalactosyl‐diacylglycerols and their Natural Estolides in Oat Kernels (2008)

Oat kernels were extracted with methanol, and glycolipid-enriched fractions were prepared using silica solid phase extraction. Using direct infusion electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ESI-MS, and HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS, we confirmed previous reports that digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) was the most abundant glycolipid in oat kernels and confirmed a previous report of the presence of a DGDG mono-estolide in oat kernels. In the current study we also identified several additional natural galactolipid estolides: two new DGDG estolides (di- and tri-estolides), two trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (TriGDG) estolides (mono- and di-estolides), and one tetragalactosyldiacylglycerol (TetraGDG) estolide (mono-estolide). The levels of total galactolipid estolides in oat kernels were estimated to be about 29% of the total glycolipid fraction. To our knowledge, this report is the first evidence of natural di- and tri-estolides of polar lipids.
40-wavelength add drop filter (1999)

We present in 40-wavelength, 100-GHz channel spacing, programmable, planar add-drop filter that has flattened passbands without excess loss. For TE polarized light, the insertion loss is 9-11 dB for the through channels, and the dropping extinction ratio is /spl ges/33 dB.
Protein isoprenylation in biology and disease: general overview and perspectives from studies with genetically engineered animals (2007)

The posttranslational modification of proteins by lipids is a key mechanism in the regulation of protein localization and function. Isoprenylation is a process critical for the membrane association of a plethora of signalling proteins with fundamental roles in cell biology, including G proteins and nuclear lamins. Isoprenylation is irreversible but is frequently associated to reversible posttranslational modifications, such as palmitoylation or phosphorylation, that act like switches that modulate the dynamics of protein-membrane or protein-protein interactions and target the modified proteins to specific membrane compartments. The severe phenotype of animals deficient in the enzymes involved in isoprenylation and postprenylation processing highlights the significance of these processes. Moreover, alterations in the genes involved in the maturation of isoprenylated proteins have been found at the basis of some severe human diseases, like choroideremia or the premature ageing progeria syndromes. Given their critical role in the transformation potential of the Ras oncogenes, isoprenylation and postprenylation processing are targets for the development of inhibitors with antitumoral activity. The recent generation of animal models genetically engineered to target the enzymes involved in isoprenylation and associated modifications has unveiled unpredicted aspects of these modifications. Moreover, these models are proving of crucial importance for the elucidation of the mechanisms of disease, and the identification and validation of therapeutic targets. This review attempts to summarize general aspects of the posttranslational modification of proteins by isoprenylation, paying special attention to the evidences obtained from the use of genetically engineered animals and the avenues that these models open.
Optimizing method of C compiler for TRON architecture (2003)

A description is given of the optimizing methods used in the ANSI-C compiler for the chip based on the TRON architecture. This C compiler is designed for the TLCS-90000/TX series microprocessors. For the C compiler, unique optimizing methods for the TRON architecture are used in the routines for optimization of intermediate language and code generation, in addition to the traditional global optimizing methods, such as copy propagation, loop optimization and register calling convention. Thus the compiling performance was improved. The unique features of the TRON architecture are: chained addressing mode, and the ACB and SSTR instructions. Finally, the performance of the optimizing compiler is evaluated in the terms of the execution time and object code size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Slot antennas on photonic band gap crystals (1997)

The radiation patterns of a slot antenna placed on a photonic band gap crystal have been measured. We used a layer-by-layer photonic band gap crystal having a three-dimensional stop band between 12 and 15 GHz. The slot antenna radiation depends sensitively on the relative position and orientation of the slot in the surface unit cell of the photonic crystal. We have found configurations of the slot antenna with an increase of radiated power by 2-3 dB. The photonic band gap crystal can considerably improve the performance of a simple slot antenna.
Epigenetics in humans: an overview (2010)

Understanding and interpretation of the role for epigenetic modifications in the human genome has progressed rapidly over the past decade with the advancement of microarray-based and sequence-based technologies. The complex interaction between DNA methylation, histone modifications, protein complexes and microRNAs has become better appreciated in the context of both local and long range epigenetic control of transcription in both normal cellular differentiation and tumorigenesis.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of conformationally restricted κ-opioid receptor agonists (2016)

Additional N- and O-atoms in the bicyclic scaffold increase polarity and allow fine tuning of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of novel κ agonists.
The role of T helper 9(Th9) against Infectious Diseases (2015)

Background and aims: Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites .The Th9 subset develops in response to combined signals from TGF-b and IL-4 among a cacophony of other cytokines in an extracellular milieu. T helper 9 (Th9) cells, as a novel CD4 T cell subset, seem to play a complex role in the outcome of specific immune responses. In this article, we aimed to review the role of these cells in infectious disease. Methods: In this mini-review study, we study 25 novel articles since 2009 to 2014 about the role of T helper 9 in some Infectious Diseases. Results: Pleural mesothelial cells promoted Th9 cell differentiation by presenting antigen. It significantly differentiated Th17, but not Th9 cells in the development of CVB3-induced VMC. The microenvironment of VMC seemed to contribute to the differentiation and proliferation of Th17 rather than to differentiation of Th9 cells. Having reviewed the limited number of articles considering this relevance, we came to this result that Lymphatic Filariasis and mycobacterium tuberculosis infections confirmed the existence of such relationship. In addition, Rapamycin resistant murine Th9 cells have a stable in vivo phenotype and inhibit graft-versus-host reactivity but concerning Viral Myocarditis, Th9 cells could not protect against it. Conclusion: The accurate molecular mechanisms underlying the generation and differentiation of human Th9 cells are not elucidated completely. Th9 cells exhibit Ag specific expansion in a chronic helminth infection (lymphatic filariasis), but in relevance to viral myocarditis, Th9 cells did not play an efficient role against it. However; knowing that whether Th9 cells participate in the protection against infections needs further research.
Time-dependent systolic and diastolic function in mice overexpressing calcineurin (2003)

Echocardiograms have been assessed only at 56 days in mice overexpressing calcineurin (CN mice). Age-dependent echocardiographic changes were evaluated because the development of sudden death is time dependent. Because cyclosporin A (CsA) reverses hypertrophy in CN mice, its effects on the time course of the development of sudden death and cardiac dysfunction were assessed. In wild-type (WT) mice, the left ventricular (LV) internal end-diastolic dimension (LVIDd) increased and the LV mass index (LVMI) decreased with age. In CN mice, two distinct phases of pathophysiology were found. After 14 days, in CN mice, the LVIDd and LVMI were significantly increased, but sudden death had not occurred. After 28 days, in CN mice, relative dilation of the left ventricle occurred, whereas the LVMI decreased. Sudden death developed during progressive dilation associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction. CsA treatment reversed hypertrophy in CN mice but did not reverse systolic and diastolic dysfunction and exaggerated sudden death. Sudden cardiac death was associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction but was not related to isolated cardiac hypertrophy in CN mice.
Multisensory Spatial Attention Deficits Are Predictive of Phonological Decoding Skills in Developmental Dyslexia (2009)

Although the dominant approach posits that developmental dyslexia arises from deficits in systems that are exclusively linguistic in nature (i.e., phonological deficit theory), dyslexics show a variety of lower level deficits in sensory and attentional processing. Although their link to the reading disorder remains contentious, recent empirical and computational studies suggest that spatial attention plays an important role in phonological decoding. The present behavioral study investigated exogenous spatial attention in dyslexic children and matched controls by measuring RTs to visual and auditory stimuli in cued-detection tasks. Dyslexics with poor nonword decoding accuracy showed a slower time course of visual and auditory (multisensory) spatial attention compared with both chronological age and reading level controls as well as compared with dyslexics with slow but accurate nonword decoding. Individual differences in the time course of multisensory spatial attention accounted for 31% of unique variance in the nonword reading performance of the entire dyslexic sample after controlling for age, IQ, and phonological skills. The present study suggests that multisensory "sluggish attention shifting"-related to a temporoparietal dysfunction-selectively impairs the sublexical mechanisms that are critical for reading development. These findings may offer a new approach for early identification and remediation of developmental dyslexia.