gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study of Shock Excited Gas in the Supernova Remnant IC443 (1987)

Extensive molecular line observations have been made of a small region of the supernova remnant IC443 that is strongly interacting with, and shocking a nearby molecular cloud. The observations obtained at the Nobeyama 45-m, Kitt Peak 12-m, and UKIRT 3.8-m telescopes include detailed maps at 15 and 30 arc second resolution in the CO (J = 1-0) and 2-1 lines, and spectra in the CO (J = 3-2) transition. The shocked gas is characterized by a low density and a high temperature. The spatial distribution of the CO shows a remarkable correspondence to maps of shocked molecular hydrogen, and contains a very complex velocity structure, indicating extensive fragmentation. The masses of the clumps are 0.1-0.3 solar masses, and as a system are dynamically unstable. In addition we report a comprehensive molecular line survey towards two of the fragments in IC443, one characterized by the presence of high velocity, and the other by low velocity gas. These results are discussed in relation to the properties of shock-excited gas and theoretical shock-chemistry models. Several other regions in IC443, which appear as strong far-Ir emitters on IRAS images of the remnant, were searched, and also found to be strong emitters of characteristic shocked-gas profiles.
Nanocomposites from polymers and layered minerals (1999)

Composites consisting of polymer matrix materials and natural or synthetic layered minerals e.g. clays were prepared by using special compatibilizing agents between these two intrinsically non-miscible components. Block or graft copolymers combining one part of the polymer that is identically and/or completely miscible with the organic polymer and another part that is compatible with the natural mineral are applied to act as compatibilizer. The interaction between the first part of the compatibilizer is preferentially an ionic interaction or an interaction via hydrogen bonds. This interaction leads to a separation of the mineral into single sheets and/or small clusters containing approximately 2–10 sheets and a subsequent homogeneous incorporation of these clusters into the polymer matrix material.
Application of protoplast technology to CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis: from single‐cell mutation detection to mutant plant regeneration (2017)

Plant protoplasts are useful for assessing the efficiency of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) mutagenesis. We improved the process of protoplast isolation and transfection of several plant species. We also developed a method to isolate and regenerate single mutagenized Nicotianna tabacum protoplasts into mature plants. Following transfection of protoplasts with constructs encoding Cas9 and sgRNAs, target gene DNA could be amplified for further analysis to determine mutagenesis efficiency. We investigated N. tabacum protoplasts and derived regenerated plants for targeted mutagenesis of the phytoene desaturase (NtPDS) gene. Genotyping of albino regenerants indicated that all four NtPDS alleles were mutated in amphidiploid tobacco, and no Cas9 DNA could be detected in most regenerated plants.
Influence of Surfactants and Plant Species on Leaf Retention of Spray Solutions (1990)

Spray solutions containing a cationic or a nonionic surfactant were applied to six plant species at a broad range of concentrations. The species investigated were three weeds (black nightshade, chamomile, and quackgrass) and three crops (winter wheat, pea, and tomato). The microroughness of the leaf surface as revealed by scanning electron microscopy appeared to be a relevant retention-determining factor. Plant species with crystalline epicuticular waxes (winter wheat, pea, and quackgrass) retained much less spray solution than the other species, which are characterized by a smooth cuticular surface. The two surfactants enhanced retention on species with a reflective surface, whereas retention on black nightshade, chamomile, and tomato was hardly influenced by addition of surfactants. The two surfactants had a similar influence on the retention. Surfactant at 1% (wt/v) enhanced retention on pea, winter wheat, and quackgrass by factors of twenty, six, and four, respectively, compared with retention without surfactant. A linear relation between retention and logarithm of surfactant concentration was observed. Retention of spray drops was related not to equilibrium surface tension of the spray solution but rather to dynamic surface tension.
Perspectives on fuzzy systems in computer vision (2002)

The problem of computer vision is to automatically characterize the contents of digitized images. Applications include factory automation, navigation, digital libraries, and medicine. Not only is recognition an "inverse problem" with no single mathematical solution, but it is also complicated by external sources of uncertainty such as the conditions of image formation. Thus, the need for dealing with uncertainty in computer vision is well accepted. However, the majority of work in this area has used fixed thresholds or probabilistic approaches, from surface reconstruction to object recognition. The paper surveys current approaches to uncertainty in computer vision, paying particular attention to the attitudes toward fuzzy systems. Although fuzzy systems are out of the mainstream of computer vision, they pose great promise for addressing uncertainty issues that are not adequately dealt with by current methods.
Comparison of the Effects of Fluoride and the Ionophore Nigericin on Acid Production by Streptococcus mutans and the Resultant in vitro Enamel Demineralization (1987)

In an in vitro demineralization experiment with a plaque of S. mutans C180-2 over enamel, the effect of 0.5 mmol fluoride/L was compared with that of 10 nmol nigericin/L. Since the effects of both substances on the acid production in a dense cell suspension were of the same magnitude, and since nigericin did not affect the enamel solubility, the present demineralization experiment may differentiate between the effect of fluoride on bacterial metabolism alone and the combined effect of fluoride on both the bacterial metabolism and enamel solubility. In our experiments, the effect on bacterial metabolism accounted for 75% of the caries-inhibiting effect of fluoride. Microradiographic data showed subsurface lesions in the control and nigericin group and a slight surface-softening in the fluoride group. In addition, the effects of fluoride and nigericin on the cellular internal pH during glycolysis were studied. Analysis of these data suggested that glycolysis was inhibited when the intracellular pH reached about pH 5.2, which supports the view that acidification of the cell cytoplasm is a mechanism by which fluoride inhibits glycolysis.
Risk Factors for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Women Under the Age of 45 Years (2009)

Little is known about the etiologic profile of triple-negative breast cancer (negative for estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor), a breast cancer subtype associated with high mortality and inadequate therapeutic options. We undertook this study to assess the risk for triple-negative breast cancer among women 45 years of age and younger in relation to demographic/lifestyle factors, reproductive history, and oral contraceptive use. Study participants were ascertained in two previous population-based, case-control studies. Eligible cases included all primary invasive breast cancers among women ages 20 to 45 years in the Seattle-Puget Sound area, diagnosed between January 1983 and December 1992, for whom complete data was obtained for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor status (n = 897; including n = 187 triple-negative breast cancer cases). Controls were age matched and ascertained via random digit dialing. Oral contraceptive use > or =1 year was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk for triple-negative breast cancer (95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.3) and no significantly increased risk for non-triple-negative breast cancer (P(heterogeneity) = 0.008). Furthermore, the risk among oral contraceptive users conferred by longer oral contraceptive duration and by more recent use was significantly greater for triple-negative breast cancer than non-triple-negative breast cancer (P(heterogeneity) = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). Among women < or =40 years, the relative risk for triple-negative breast cancer associated with oral contraceptive use > or =1 year was 4.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-9.3), whereas there was no significantly increased risk with oral contraceptive use for non-triple-negative breast cancer among women < or =40 years, nor for triple-negative breast cancer or non-triple-negative breast cancer among women 41 to 45 years of age. In conclusion, significant heterogeneity exists for the association of oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk between triple-negative breast cancer and non-triple-negative breast cancer among young women, lending support to a distinct etiology.
Abnormal polarization of EGF receptors and autocrine stimulation of cyst epithelial growth in human ADPKD (1995)

The underlying mechanism of the hyperproliferative response of human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) epithelia was studied. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) protein is highly expressed in ADPKD cyst epithelia in vivo, and primary cultures are hyperesponsive to mitogenic stimulation by EGF in vitro. Doses of > 1 ng/ml EGF were highly mitogenic to ADPKD epithelia. 3H-labeled thymidine proliferation assays showed that cyst fluids and ADPKD epithelial cell-conditioned media also stimulated renal epithelial cell proliferation and contained EGF immunoreactivity (6, 30, and 37 kDa) as detected by Western blots. Radioimmunoassays detected mean levels of 2.87 and 1.4 ng/ml EGF in cyst fluids from early (proliferative) and end-stage ADPKD cysts, respectively. Scatchard analysis of 125I-labeled EGF binding to apical and basolateral membrane showed high-affinity binding to basolateral membranes of normal and ADPKD kidneys but additional unique high-affinity receptor binding to apical membranes of ADPKD but not normal kidneys. Cross-linking analysis and antiphosphotyrosine Western analysis demonstrated functionally active apical EGF receptors at 150-170 kDa. These results suggest mediation of cyst expansion via an autocrine loop involving EGF synthesis and processing by cyst epithelial cells, apical secretion into cyst lumens, and subsequent binding to and phosphorylation of apical membrane EGF receptors. These findings are consistent with a membrane protein polarization defect in ADPKD cyst epithelia.
Effects of altered 5'-flanking sequences on the in vivo expression of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNATyr gene. (1984)

Deletion mutations ending in the 5'-flanking sequences of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUP4-o gene have been analyzed for their effects on gene expression. This ochre-suppressing tRNATyr gene was cloned into a S. cerevisiae centromeric plasmid, and its level of in vivo expression was monitored by observing the suppressor phenotype of the gene after transformation into S. cerevisiae. A deletion mutant that retains only four base pairs of the 5'-flanking sequence is profoundly deficient in expression; deletion mutants extending to positions -18, -17, -16, or -15 are moderately deficient; deletion mutants extending to positions -36 or -27 are slightly defective; and mutants retaining more than 60 base pairs of the original 5'-flanking DNA are expressed normally. In some cases, the cloning procedure led to the introduction of multiple BamHI linkers at the SUP4-o-vector fusion site, and in one instance, the resulting structure dramatically affects gene function: the presence of three linkers abutting a -18 deletion completely inhibits the in vivo expression of SUP4-o. In contrast, three linkers that abut a -77 deletion have no effect on in vivo expression. The template properties of these plasmids in a homologous in vitro transcription system parallel the levels of in vivo expression, suggesting that the mutations predominantly affect transcription. The data demonstrate that there are significant functional constraints on the 5'-flanking sequences of this RNA polymerase III-transcribed gene. The dramatic effects of the multiple linker insertion at position -18 suggest that there may be extensive melting of the DNA in this region during normal transcription initiation.
Pre-Congestion Notification Using Packet-Specific Dual Marking (2009)

Pre-congestion notification (PCN) uses packet metering and marking within a PCN domain to notify PCN egress nodes about high load regimes in the network. One question is how to encode the PCN markings in packet headers. The problem is that the IPv4 packet header is short of available codepoints and that tunnelling mechanisms constrain solutions. This paper proposes packet-specific dual marking (PSDM) as a new encoding scheme that avoids these problems and also explains how to apply it to achieve PCN-based admission control and flow termination. Therefore, our proposal may improve the deployability of PCN in spite of the limited extensibility of the current Internet architecture.
A unique series of lymphomas related to the Ly-1+ lineage of B lymphocyte differentiation. (1984)

Six new B lineage lymphomas of NFS mice established in primary tissue culture were examined for a number of phenotypic, functional, virologic, and molecular genetic characteristics. Two of the tumors and their cloned derivatives bore surface markers characteristic of B cells, whereas four tumors resembled pre-B cells. One of the B cell and two of the pre-B cell lymphomas had rearrangements of both heavy and light chain immunoglobulin genes, confirming their designation as B-lineage lymphomas. All the tumors but one were Ly-1+, indicating that Ly-1 may be expressed by some pre-B cells as well as some B cells. In addition, one pre-B cell lymphoma was Mac-1+. MCF murine leukemia viruses obtained from two of the tumors did not accelerate development of B-lineage lymphomas in NFS mice.
Kinetic, mechanistic and spectroscopic studies of spore photoproduct lyase (2010)

Spore forming organisms are a health threat to humans and other animals in part due to a remarkable resistance to UV irradiation. This resistance results from two events: first, the formation of a unique thymine dimer, 5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine (spore photoproduct, or SP) upon UV irradiation; and more importantly, the rapid and specific repair of this DNA photoproduct to two thymines by spore photoproduct lyase (SP lyase). Understanding the molecular basis of this radical-mediated DNA repair will ultimately allow for a better understanding of how to address the health risks caused by spore forming bacteria. SP lyase requires S-adenosyl-L-methionine and a [4Fe-4S] ¹+/²+ cluster to perform its catalysis. Presented in this work is a characterization of Clostridium acetobutylicm SP lyase and its ability to repair stereochemically defined dinucleoside and dinucleotide synthetic substrates. Careful synthesis and characterization followed by assays monitored by HPLC indicate SP lyase repairs only the 5R isomer of SP with an activity of 0.4 nmol/min/mg (dinucleoside substrate) and 7.1 nmol/min/mg (dinucleotide substrate). These results support the longstanding theory of SP formation by dimerization of adjacent thymines in double-helical DNA. Kinetic and mechanistic studies were pursued to further elucidate the mechanism of SP repair. Upon pre-reducing SP lyase, the specific activity increased nearly 4-fold to 1.29 umol/min/mg. Mechanistic studies utilizing [C-6- ³ H] SP DNA as the substrate revealed a primary tritium kinetic isotope effect of 16.1, indicating a rate determining step during the repair reaction. These results suggest nonstereospecific SP formation regarding the C-6 position and subsequent stereospecific abstraction of the C-6 H atom by SP lyase. Mössbauer and Fe/S K-edge X-ray absorption studies of anaerobically prepared SP lyase aided in further characterization of the [4Fe-4S] cluster and its interaction with SAM. The Fe K-edge EXAFS provide evidence for a slight cluster distortion upon interacting with SAM as a new spectral feature indicative of longer Fe-Fe distances is observed. The Fe K-edge XANES provide further support that SAM is not undergoing reductive cleavage in the presence of reduced SP lyase. Our XAS studies may provide new insights into the mechanism by which radical SAM enzymes initiate their diverse catalysis.
Radioimmunoassay of glycated serum protein using monoclonal antibody to glucitollysine and coomassie-brilliant-blue-coated polystyrene beads. (1989)

A radioimmunoassay for glycated serum protein (GSP) was developed using monoclonal antibody to glucitollysine and polystyrene beads coated with Coomassie-Brilliant-Blue (CBB) as adsorbent for serum protein. The monoclonal antibody was raised by immunizing BALB/c mice with reduced glycated LDL and fusing their spleen cells with mouse myeloma cells. CBB-coated polystyrene beads were introduced to absorb a constant amount of serum protein. The protein adsorbed on the CBB-coated beads was reduced by NaHB4, and after treatment with radiolabeled antibody, the radioactivity of each bead was counted with an automatic gamma-counter. The standard glycated protein used was reduced glycated human serum albumin, in which 8 of 59 lysine residues were glycated. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation of GSP were 4.8-6.5% and 1.6-6.0%, respectively. The GSP level of diabetic patients was significantly higher than that of normal controls (1.97 +/- 1.23 vs. 0.47 +/- 0.21 nmol/mg-protein; mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001). The GSP levels of patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were 3.03 +/- 1.05 and 1.51 +/- 1.00 nmol/mg-protein, respectively. A good correlation was found between the levels of GSP and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001). In patients admitted to the hospital for diabetes education and glycemic control, the GSP level decreased 43 +/- 12% with the decrease in the fasting plasma glucose level (39 +/- 13%) and the mean daily plasma glucose level (MPG, 47 +/- 15%) in a four week period after admission, whereas the HbA1c level decreased only 13 +/- 6% during this period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Migration velocity analysis by optimization: Linear theory (1986)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1986Migration velocity analysis by optimization: Linear theoryAuthors: Paul FowlerPaul FowlerStanford Universityhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892932 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892932FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByWavefield tomography based on local image correlations2 October 2014 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 63, No. 1 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1986ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1986 Pages: 715 publication data© 1986 Copyright © 1986 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Paul Fowler, (1986), "Migration velocity analysis by optimization: Linear theory," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 660-662. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892932 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Reduction of soliton instability in transmission systems by means of chirped bandwidth-limited amplification (1995)

We demonstrate both numerically and experimentally that soliton instability is substantially reduced in a system employing spectral filtering and chirped amplification. In such a system, 5 ps solitons remain stable over practically unlimited distance with the amplification period increased up to 3 dispersion lengths.
The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Stereoisomeric 1,2,3,4,9,10,4a,91-Octahydroacridines and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Stereoisomeric 1,2,3,4,9,10,4a,91-Octahydroacridines and Related Compounds1Tadashi MasamuneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 16, 4418–4423Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01573a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (701 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
3-D Woven Preform Joint Testing to Support the D8 Double-Bubble Composite Fuselage Design (2017)

The D8 double-bubble aircraft features a wide fuselage to enable operational improvements from a twin-aisle seating arrangement as well as fuel efficiency improvements due to increased fuselage aerodynamic lift, a more favorable fuselage pitching moment, and in some variants the installation of rear fuselage mounted boundary layer ingesting turbofan engines. The wide fuselage outer mold line consists of a vertically joined dual-lobe fuselage cross-section. The double-bubble configuration introduces unique features of the primary airframe structure when compared with classical tube or horizontally joined multi-lobe fuselage configurations as the vertical joint cannot take advantage of a floor at the lobe intersection. The structural “Y”- joint of the double-bubble fuselage is composed of the co-cured fuselage skin and 3-dimensional woven composite preform and a keel. In this paper, mechanical testing of the 3-D woven composite preform is setup to support the development of the D8 double-bubble fuselage “Y”-joint. The challenges of a wide-body fuselage, the structural solution used on the D8 concept, and the testing involved to validate the effectiveness of the solution in a commercial application are presented.
Structural Rearrangements That Govern Flow in Colloidal Glasses (2007)

Structural rearrangements are an essential property of atomic and molecular glasses; they are critical in controlling resistance to flow and are central to the evolution of many properties of glasses, such as their heat capacity and dielectric constant. Despite their importance, these rearrangements cannot directly be visualized in atomic glasses. We used a colloidal glass to obtain direct three-dimensional images of thermally induced structural rearrangements in the presence of an applied shear. We identified localized irreversible shear transformation zones and determined their formation energy and topology. A transformation favored successive ones in its vicinity. Using continuum models, we elucidated the interplay between applied strain and thermal fluctuations that governs the formation of these zones in both colloidal and molecular glasses.
Magnetic Field Control of Micropore Formation in [Zn<sub>2</sub>(Oxac)(Taz)<sub>2</sub>]·(H<sub>2</sub>O)<i><sub>x</sub></i> (2016)

[Zn2(Oxac)(Taz)2]·(H2O)x, referred to as ZOTWx, was prepared from aqueous methanol solutions of Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 and two kinds of ligands, 1,2,4-triazole (Taz) and oxalic acid (Oxac), at 453 K under ...