gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods for Describing the Electromagnetic Properties of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles (2008)

This Account provides an overview of the methods that are currently being used to study the electromagnetics of silver and gold nanoparticles, with an emphasis on the determination of extinction and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra. These methods have proven to be immensely useful in recent years for interpreting a wide range of nanoscience experiments and providing the capability to describe optical properties of particles up to several hundred nanometers in dimension, including arbitrary particle structures and complex dielectric environments (adsorbed layers of molecules, nearby metal films, and other particles). While some of the methods date back to Mie's celebrated work a century ago, others are still at the forefront of algorithm development in computational electromagnetics. This Account gives a qualitative description of the physical and mathematical basis behind the most commonly used methods, including both analytical and numerical methods, as well as representative results of applications that are relevant to current experiments. The analytical methods that we discuss are either derived from Mie theory for spheres or from the quasistatic (Gans) model as applied to spheres and spheroids. In this discussion, we describe the use of Mie theory to determine electromagnetic contributions to SERS enhancements that include for retarded dipole emission effects, and the use of the quasistatic approximation for spheroidal particles interacting with dye adsorbate layers. The numerical methods include the discrete dipole approximation (DDA), the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, and the finite element method (FEM) based on Whitney forms. We discuss applications such as using DDA to describe the interaction of two gold disks to define electromagnetic hot spots, FDTD for light interacting with metal wires that go from particle-like plasmonic response to the film-like transmission as wire dimension is varied, and FEM studies of electromagnetic fields near cubic particles.
Bathochromic Shift (Effect) (2016)

This glossary contains definitions and explanatory notes for terms used in the context of research and publications in physical organic chemistry. Its aim is to provide guidance on physical organic chemical terminology with a view to achieve a far-reaching consensus on the definitions of useful terms and on the abandonment of unsatisfactory ones. As a consequence of the development of physical organic chemistry, and of the increasing use of physical organic terminology in other fields of chemistry, the 1994 revision of the Glossary is much expanded in comparison to the previous edition, and it also includes terms from cognate fields. A few definitions have been refined, some others totally revised in the light of comments received from the scientific community.
Private Crop Insurers and the Reinsurance Fund Allocation Decision (2007)

This research investigates the strategic behavior of private crop insurance firms reinsured by the USDA through the Standard Reinsurance Agreement. This arrangement allows the private firm to strategically allocate individual policies into different risk‐sharing arrangements. Thus, firm earnings are conditioned upon accurately forecasting policy loss experience. Our analysis begins with models investigating the characteristics explaining the placement of policies into the assigned risk fund. Then a simulation model of the SRA is used to compare the post‐SRA returns of actual firm allocations to two alternative allocation strategies based on a aggregate models and a policy‐level econometric forecasting model.
Mutations in bacteriophage T4 genome. (2002)

Bacteriophage (phage) T4 belonging to T-even phages is one of the best known phages with a completely deciphered genome sequence. As a model of living systems, T4 phage has many technical advantages. It can be very easily grown in large quantities, manipulated by classical genetics, and engineered by site-directed mutagenesis. Many substances have been first tested for mutagenicity in T-even phages. The results of these tests were very often applicable to higher organisms due to similar mechanisms of mutagenesis. T4 phage is also important in phage therapy, which represents an alternative treatment of bacterial infections since the bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a serious medical problem. The site-directed mutagenesis is a method that enables to introduce mutations which can influence phage affinity to bacteria and can be a practical technique for enriching phage collections and for widening specificity of phages for new bacterial strains now insensitive to phage therapy.
Synthesis of the NK1 Receptor Antagonist GW597599. Part 1: Development of a Scalable Route to a Key Chirally Pure Arylpiperazine (2008)

GW597599 1 is a novel NK-1 antagonist currently under investigation for the treatment of CNS disorders and emesis. The initial synthetic route devised from the medicinal chemistry one, used several hazardous reagents, gave low yields, and produced high levels of wastes. By targeted process of research and development, application of novel techniques, and extensive route scouting, a novel synthetic route for GW597599 has been developed. This paper reports the optimisation work of the first stage in the chemical synthesis of GW597599: the development of a pilot-plant suitable process for the synthesis of the arylpiperazine derivative 7 in an optically pure fashion. In particular, the process definition allowed eliminating the initial need for cryogenic conditions and copper catalysis in Grignard chemistry. It also allowed replacing a classical resolution step with a more efficient dynamic kinetic resolution, substantially enhancing the overall yield and throughput.
Priv: Secure and Flexible Privileged Access Dissemination (1996)

Large UNIX installations have become increasingly demanding of ever growing staffs of system administrators. Since very few system management tasks can be performed without access to root, large sites quickly face a too many cooks problem. The problem emerges clearly out of the numerous existing, yet only partial solutions to the problem.

Examples of broad access needs are numerous: Help desk staff need to be able to examine user's files to assist over the phone or change passwords. The ability to su(1) to only non-root users is also be useful. System operators need to manage print queues, kill jobs and reboot systems. Neither group, however, should necessarily need access to to pids or files owned by root, making blanket access to kill(1) and cat(1), for example, potentially problematic. Users in a research lab need to mount cdroms. In walk-in consulting areas, securing access to commands via the privileged user's own passwd prevents unattended terminals from being sabotaged. In our environment at UC Davis, we have all of these groups of users and none represent core system administration staff, the only true root users. Several packages and other mechanisms address this issue, but even most of the more expensive commercial packages fail to allow privileged system access that is both secure and flexible.
Photosubstitution behavior of dicarbonyl(.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)pyridinomanganese and -rhenium and related complexes (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotosubstitution behavior of dicarbonyl(.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)pyridinomanganese and -rhenium and related complexesPaul J. Giordano and Mark S. WrightonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 1, 160–166Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50167a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50167a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The role of annexin A1 in the modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome (2020)

Annexins are well-known Ca<sup>2+</sup> phospholipid-binding proteins, which have a wide variety of cellular functions. The role of annexin A1 (AnxA1) in the innate immune system has focused mainly on the anti-inflammatory and proresolving properties through its binding to the formyl-peptide receptor 2 (FPR2)/ALX receptor. However, studies suggesting an intracellular role of AnxA1 are emerging. In this study, we aimed to understand the role of AnxA1 for interleukin (IL)-1β release in response to activators of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Using AnxA1 knockout mice, we observed that AnxA1 is required for IL-1β release in vivo and in vitro. These effects were due to reduction of transcriptional levels of IL-1β, NLRP3 and caspase-1, a step called NLRP3 priming. Moreover, we demonstrate that AnxA1 co-localize and directly bind to NLRP3, suggesting the role of AnxA1 in inflammasome activation is independent of its anti-inflammatory role via FPR2. Therefore, AnxA1 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in a FPR2-independent manner.
Structure of polyelectrolyte solutions, SAXS study of poly(aspartic acid) (1984)

The position of the maximum on small-angle scattering curves of solutions of poly(aspartic acid) neutralized with NaOH is proportional to the third root of concentration. The course of the interference function and the characteristic interchain distance were determined. The data may be interpreted using a model of ordered chains and assuming that the chain length per one monomer unit is smaller than would correspond to the all trans -conformation.
Efficacy of HA330 Hemoperfusion Adsorbent in Patients Followed in the Intensive Care Unit for Septic Shock and Acute Kidney Injury and Treated with Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration as Renal Replacement Therapy (2020)

The application of HA330 hemoperfusion 2 h daily for 3 consecutive days improved level of CRP and heart rate, but had no effect on others or on the prognosis.
Are trusts still a worthwhile planning vehicle in the UK for tax purposes? (2005)

Are trusts still a worthwhile planning vehicle in the UK for tax purposes? Get access Angela Bridges Angela Bridges Mills & Reeve1 St James Court, Whitefriars, Norwich NR3 1RU Tel: +;1603 693415 Fax: +;1603 620081 E-mail: angela.bridges@mills-reeve.comwww.mills-reeve.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Trusts & Trustees, Volume 11, Issue 2, January 2005, Pages 31–34, https://doi.org/10.1093/tandt/11.2.31 Published: 01 January 2005
Interactive office documents (2008)

As the world wide web transforms from a vehicle of information dissemination and e-commerce transactions into a writable nexus of human collaboration, the Web 2.0 technologies at the forefront of the tranformation may be seen as special cases of a more general shift in the conceptual application model of the web. This paper recognizes the conceptual transition and explores the connections to a new class of interactive office documents that become possible by tighter integration of the Open Document Format with the W3C's next generation web forms technology (XForms). The connections transcend simple provisioning of office document editing and persistence capabilities on the web. Rather, the advantages of office documents as self-contained entities that flow through a collaborative network or business process are combined with web application qualities such as intelligent behavioral interaction, in-process web service access, and control of server submission content. An office document mashup called 'Dual Forms' is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of office document centric web applications.
U.v. absorbers in sun cosmetics 1978 (1979)

(1) 2-Ethylhexyl.p.methoxycinnamate (nineteen brands). (2) 2-Phenylbenzimidazole.5-sulphonic acid (eleven brands). (3) 2-Ethoxyethyl.p.methoxycinnamate (nine brands). (4) 3 (4'Methylbenzylidene)D,D,L-camphor (seven brands). (5) 3-Benzylidene.D,L-camphor (six brands). (6) 2-Hydroxy.4-methoxy.benzophenone (six brands).
A Novel CMOS Compatible Embedded Nonvolatile Memory with Zero Process Adder (2005)

We demonstrate a CMOS compatible reprogrammable nonvolatile memory cell using a regular n-channel MOSFET with under-lapped source/drain diffusions that requires no extra processing steps in a standard 130nm CMOS logic technology. Experimental results indicate good endurance and retention characteristics. A strategy for optimizing programming efficiency is identified with the addition of one extra mask to introduce drain optimization implants.
LDP Extensions for Multi-Topology (2014)

Multi-Topology (MT) routing is supported in IP networks with the use
of MT-aware IGPs. In order to provide MT routing within Multiprotocol
Label Switching (MPLS) Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) networks, new
extensions are required. This document describes the LDP protocol
extensions required to support MT routing in an MPLS environment.
Cerebrovascular Reactivity Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2009)

Coherence between the rTHb and ICP waveforms at the frequency of slow waves suggests that slow waves of ICP are related to blood volume changes. The HVx has potential for further development as a noninvasive alternative to the PRx.
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) for traffic management (2017)

Internet of Things (IoT) is a world-wide network connecting all the smart objects together. It is the way in which all things are enabled to talk with each other. Whenever those smart things being connected over internet are restricted to only vehicles, then it is called as Internet of Vehicles (IoV). With continuously increasing urban population and rapidly expanding cities, vehicle ownership has been increasing at an exponential rate. Hence, traffic management has become a great problem in our day today life. This paper provides IoV based traffic management solution to overcome the problem that is prevailing in our daily life.
Overexpression of Human Cardiac Troponin‐I and Troponin‐C in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Their Purification and Characterisation (1994)

We have overexpressed human cardiac troponin-I in Escherichia coli. Initially, protein expression was not detected in the bacterial cell extracts. Systematic deletion of the N-terminal region of the protein generated a series of truncated mutants which were expressed at varying levels in the bacteria. This allowed us to narrow the problem down to the first five codons in the gene sequence. In order to achieve expression at high levels, two base changes were required, in the second and the fourth codons of the cDNA sequence. The codon changes, (Ala2) GCG-->GCC and (Gly4) GGG-->GGT, do not alter the coding potential of the DNA. We have also overexpressed the human cardiac isoform of troponin-C. Both proteins were purified using ion-exchange chromatography and have been proved to be biologically active. The recombinant troponin-I was able to bind to a troponin-C affinity column in the presence of 9 M urea in a calcium-dependent manner. The calcium-dependent troponin-I-troponin-C complex between both recombinant proteins was also demonstrated by alkaline-urea gel electrophoresis. In addition, troponin-I inhibited the acto-S1 Mg-ATPase activity; this inhibition was potentiated by the presence of tropomyosin and was reversed by the addition of troponin-C to the system. Biological activity was also demonstrated in vivo in that the recombinant proteins were able to restore the calcium-dependent force generation to calcium-insensitive skinned muscle fibres.
Automatic Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur Analyzer Ciiemistry of Sulfur Reactions (1977)

Abstract An automatic analyzer for the simultaneous microdetermination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur is described. The method is based on the uncatalyzed, dynamic, flash-combustion of the sample in an oxygen/helium atmosphere in a quartz tube. Separation of the combustion gases, N2, CO2, SO2, and H2O is accomplished by using gas chromatography and a thermal conductivity detector. Reactions of SO2 formation are given in detail.
Meniere’s Attacks Occur in the Inner Ear with Excessive Vasopressin Type‐2 Receptors (2008)

Meniere's disease is peculiar to humans and is characterised by episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus, and attacks of the affliction occurring under conditions of stress. Its pathology was first revealed to be inner ear hydrops through temporal bone studies in 1938. Although subsequently proposed as a disorder of water metabolism in the inner ear, its pathogenesis remains unsolved. The present study aimed to assess the link between the inner ear pathology in Meniere's disease and vasopressin, an anti-diuretic stress hormone with a potential role in inner ear fluid homeostasis. Blood samples were obtained from Meniere's disease patients in the morning, before any surgical treatment, to examine plasma vasopressin (pAVP) levels, and then from inner ear tissue during surgical treatment, to examine vasopressin type-2 receptor (V2R) in the endolymphatic sac. pAVP and the relative V2R mRNA expression in the endolymphatic sac were examined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Relative cAMP activity in the endolymphatic sac was also examined using tissue culture and cAMP assay. Both pAVP (1.6-fold versus controls; P = 0.048) and inner ear V2R mRNA expression (41.5-fold versus controls; P = 0.022) were significantly higher in Meniere's patients. cAMP activity was basally up-regulated (2.1-fold versus controls) and cAMP sensitivity to vasopressin application was largely elevated (4.9-fold versus controls) in Meniere's patients. We conclude that, in the pathogenesis of inner ear hydrops, resulting in Meniere's attacks, elevation of pAVP levels (probably as a result of stress) may present as a matter of consequence, but susceptibility of the V2R-overexpressed and cAMP-hypersensitized inner ear to pAVP elevation might be essential as the basis of this disease. Further experimental and clinical studies are needed to better clarify the relationship between Meniere's disease and stress.
A Signal Sequence Is Sufficient for Green Fluorescent Protein to Be Routed to Regulated Secretory Granules (2001)

To investigate trafficking in neuroendocrine cells, green fluorescent protein (GFP) tags were fused to various portions of the preproneuropeptide Y (NPY) precursor. Two neuroendocrine cell lines, AtT-20 corticotrope tumor cells and PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells, along with primary anterior pituitary cells, were examined. Expression of chimeric constructs did not disrupt trafficking or regulated secretion of endogenous ACTH and prohormone convertase 1 in AtT-20 cells. Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses demonstrated that the chimeric constructs remained intact, as long as the Lys-Arg cleavage site within preproNPY was deleted. GFP was stored in, and released from, regulated granules in cells expressing half of the NPY precursor fused to GFP, and also in cells in which only the signal sequence of preproNPY was fused to GFP. Thus, in neuroendocrine cells, entering the lumen of the secretory pathway is sufficient to target GFP to regulated secretory granules.
Analysis of the end-to-end performance of multimedia information services on a local area network (2003)

The end-to-end performance of a general multimedia information retrieval service, operating across a local area network (LAN) using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol packet protocols, is evaluated for various message sizes representative of full-color and gray-scale images and a typical text article. The end-to-end performance, as seen by the user, must take into account not only transmission network, but also the hardware and software components of the source and user terminals, plus the total number of users requesting service at one time. LAN characteristics, upper layer protocol characteristics, and application characteristics are examined. In a laboratory prototype, which is based on the 10-Mb/s Ethernet and TCP/IP, it was possible to satisfy a desired overall response time of between 1 and 2 seconds for the gray-scale image and text article, but the full-color image without compression required more than 4 seconds which is longer than is ergonomically advisable for a true browsing service.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of immunodominant regions among promiscuous HLA-DR–restricted CD4+ T-cell epitopes on the tumor antigen MAGE-3 (2003)

The molecular characterization of the CD4(+) T-cell epitope repertoire on human tumor antigens would contribute to both clinical investigation and cancer immunotherapy. In particular, the identification of promiscuous epitopes would be beneficial to a large number of patients with neoplastic diseases regardless of their HLA-DR type. MAGE-3 is a tumor-specific antigen widely expressed in solid and hematologic malignancies; therefore, is an excellent candidate antigen. We used a major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II epitope prediction algorithm, the TEPITOPE software, to predict 11 sequence segments of MAGE-3 that could form promiscuous CD4(+) T-cell epitopes. In binding assays, the synthetic peptides corresponding to the 11 predicted sequences bound at least 3 different HLA-DR alleles. Nine of the 11 peptides induced proliferation of CD4(+) T cells from both healthy subjects and melanoma patients. Four immunodominant regions (residues 111-125, 146-160, 191-205, and 281-295), containing naturally processed epitopes, were recognized by most of the donors, in association with 3 to 4 different HLA-DR alleles, thus covering up to 94% of the alleles expressed in whites. On the contrary, the other promiscuous regions (residues 161-175 and 171-185) contained epitopes not naturally processed in vitro. The immunodominant epitopes identified will be useful in the design of peptide-based cancer vaccines and in the study of the functional state of tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells in patients bearing tumors expressing MAGE-3.