gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristic Properties and Biological Significance of Stable Protoplast Type L-Forms (1983)

Compared to other organisms surrounded by cell walls bacteria show a great variability of their cell envelopes. Numerous terms and definitions have been used to characterize the different cell wall deficient bacterial forma (protoplasts, gymnoplasts, quasiprotoplasts, mureinoplasts, sphero-plasts, soniplasts, L-forms, L-variants, L-phase organisms). They can be reduced to 4 main types: protoplasts, spheroplasts, protoplast type L-forms, and spheroplast type L-forms (Fig. 1).
<title>Three-dimensional imaging laser scanner for the inspection of tunnels</title> (1994)

Tunnel constructions need regular safety checks. The measurement of the cross-sectional profile in relation to the actual track position is of particular importance in the surveys. It allows to monitor the observation of the required clearance gauge. Profile measurements inside Tunnels are also needed to determine suitable clearance for consignments exceeding the loading gauge. The deployment of vehicles with larger cross sections, e.g. double-decker carriages, means that clearances get tighter. This also means that demand made on technical surveying and measuring systems are becoming more stringent. Amberg Measuring Technique have developed an optical scanner for special use in tunnel surveys. The actual scanning device is a rotating mirror with scanning angle of full 360 degree(s) that allows the entire surrounding to be scanned without breaks in one test run. At each revolution of the scanning mirror, a cross-sectional tunnel profile, represented by 2500 distance values is recorded. Together with the profile data, the intensity of the reflected light is also recorded, representing a grey scale value for the surface brightness. High rotational speed of the scanning mirror allows rapid recording. The recording duration for 1 km of tunnel is about 10 minutes. The data are stored in digital form for subsequent processing on a computer workstation.
El uso religioso de la política y/o el uso político de la religión la ideología-sucedáneo "versus" la religión-sucedáneo (2024)

En este trabajo se analizan las relaciones de la religión y la política, especialmente en los regímenes totalitarios. Una de estas relaciones es el papsi desempeñado por la religión-sucedáneo en las religiones políticas, que enlazan con procesos de secularización. Como contrapunto al papel intervencionista del Estado en la religión política se ofrece el modelo liberal de separación amistosa entre Iglesia y Estado o el modelo hostil de esta separación, cuando se rechaza el pluralismo cultural. Otro tipo de relación es el de la ideología Religión, Política, Autoritarismo, Régimen Franquista.
Robot algorithms for localization of multiple emission sources (2011)

The problem of time-varying, multisource localization using robotic swarms has received relatively little attention when compared to single-source localization. It involves distinct challenges regarding how to partition the robots during search to ensure that all sources are located in minimal time, how to avoid obstacles and other robots, and how to proceed after each source is found. Unfortunately, no common set of validation problems and reference algorithms has evolved, and there are no general theoretical foundations that guarantee progress, convergence, and termination. This article surveys the current multisource literature from the viewpoint of these central questions.
Disruption and phenotypic analysis of seven ORFs from the left arm of chromosome XV ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

We have disrupted seven open reading frames (ORFs) located in the left arm of chromosome XV of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These ORFs, previously discovered by our laboratory during the programme of systematic sequencing of the yeast genome, are YOL152w, YOL151w, YOL149w, YOL130w, YOL128c, YOL125w and YOL124c. In most cases, the short flanking homology (SFH) replacement technique has been used. The mutants were analysed for different phenotypic tests. Disruption of YOL130w (also known as ALR1) produced a lethal phenotype, despite the presence of a highly similar gene in the yeast genome (ALR2/YFL050C). Disruption of YOL149w (also known as DCP1, and encoding an mRNA decapping enzyme) results in lethality in the FY1679 background, although it allows slow growth in the CEN.PK141 background. Disruption of the remaining ORFs did not result in readily detectable phenotypic changes.
Further observations in a case of uridine diphosphate galactose‐4‐epimerase deficiency with a severe clinical presentation (1982)

The red-cell concentrations of galactose-1-phosphate and uridine diphosphate galactose have been studied in relation to dietary galactose in a case of uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase deficiency (McKusick 23035). Uridine diphosphate galactose accumulates rapidly in response to very small amounts of galactose but the concentration of galactose-1-phosphate increases proportionately to galactose intake. The significance of the observation is discussed with respect to the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease.
Predicting the Compositionality of Multiword Expressions Using Translations in Multiple Languages (2013)

In this paper, we propose a simple, languageindependent and highly effective method for predicting the degree of compositionality of multiword expressions (MWEs). We compare the translations of an MWE with the translations of its components, using a range of different languages and string similarity measures. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on two types of English MWEs: noun compounds and verb particle constructions. The results show that our approach is competitive with or superior to state-of-the-art methods over standard datasets.
Synthesis of the β<sub>3</sub>-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Solabegron and Analogous <i>N</i>-(2-Ethylamino)-β-amino Alcohols from <i>O</i>-Acylated Cyanohydrins – Expanding the Scope of Minor Enantiomer Recycling (2015)

A novel methodology to produce highly enantioenriched N-(2-ethylamino)-β-amino alcohols was developed. These compounds were obtained from O-(α-bromoacyl) cyanohydrins, which were synthesized by the minor enantiomer methodology employing a Lewis acid and a biocatalyst, followed by nucleophilic substitution with amines and reduction. The importance of the developed methodology was demonstrated by completing a highly enantioselective total synthesis of the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist Solabegron.
The combined effect of USP7 inhibitors and PARP inhibitors in hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells (2017)

P5091 accelerated the degradation of AR and V7 isoform affecting PSA, UBE2C, CDC20 transcription and PC cells proliferation. Moreover, P5091 accelerated the degradation of CCDC6 sensitizing the cells to PARP-inhibitors, that acted sinergistically with genotoxic agents. The immunohistochemical analysis of both CCDC6 and USP7 proteins exhibited significant correlation for the intensity of staining (p ≤ 0.05).Data interpretation: Thus, CCDC6 and USP7 represent predictive markers for the combined treatment of the USP7-inhibitors and PARP-inhibitors in advanced prostate cancer.
Mass spectrometry with accelerators (2010)

As one in a series of articles on Canadian contributions to mass spectrometry, this review begins with an outline of the history of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), noting roles played by researchers at three Canadian AMS laboratories. After a description of the unique features of AMS, three examples, (14)C, (10)Be, and (129)I are given to illustrate the methods. The capabilities of mass spectrometry have been extended by the addition of atomic isobar selection, molecular isobar attenuation, further ion acceleration, followed by ion detection and ion identification at essentially zero dark current or ion flux. This has been accomplished by exploiting the techniques and accelerators of atomic and nuclear physics. In 1939, the first principles of AMS were established using a cyclotron. In 1977 the selection of isobars in the ion source was established when it was shown that the (14)N(-) ion was very unstable, or extremely difficult to create, making a tandem electrostatic accelerator highly suitable for assisting the mass spectrometric measurement of the rare long-lived radioactive isotope (14)C in the environment. This observation, together with the large attenuation of the molecular isobars (13)CH(-) and (12)CH 2(-) during tandem acceleration and the observed very low background contamination from the ion source, was found to facilitate the mass spectrometry of (14)C to at least a level of (14)C/C ~ 6 × 10(-16), the equivalent of a radiocarbon age of 60,000 years. Tandem Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, or AMS, has now made possible the accurate radiocarbon dating of milligram-sized carbon samples by ion counting as well as dating and tracing with many other long-lived radioactive isotopes such as (10)Be, (26)Al, (36)Cl, and (129)I. The difficulty of obtaining large anion currents with low electron affinities and the difficulties of isobar separation, especially for the heavier mass ions, has prompted the use of molecular anions and the search for alternative methods of isobar separation. These techniques are discussed in the latter part of the review.
Human-competitive automatic topic indexing (2009)

Topic indexing is the task of identifying the main topics covered by a document. These are useful for many purposes: as subject headings in libraries, as keywords in academic publications and as tags on the web. Knowing a document's topics helps people judge its relevance quickly. However, assigning topics manually is labor intensive. This thesis shows how to generate them automatically in a way that competes with human performance. Three kinds of indexing are investigated: term assignment, a task commonly performed by librarians, who select topics from a controlled vocabulary; tagging, a popular activity of web users, who choose topics freely; and a new method of keyphrase extraction, where topics are equated to Wikipedia article names. A general two-stage algorithm is introduced that first selects candidate topics and then ranks them by significance based on their properties. These properties draw on statistical, semantic, domain-specific and encyclopedic knowledge. They are combined using a machine learning algorithm that models human indexing behavior from examples. This approach is evaluated by comparing automatically generated topics to those assigned by professional indexers, and by amateurs. We claim that the algorithm is human-competitive because it chooses topics that are as consistent with those assigned by humans as their topics are with each other. The approach is generalizable, requires little training data and applies across different domains and languages.
Rapid Elemental Analysis of Aerosols Using Atmospheric Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (2017)

A new, low-cost approach based on the application of atmospheric radio frequency glow discharge (rf-GD) optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has been developed for near real-time measurement of multielemental concentration in airborne particulate phase. This method involves deposition of aerosol particles on the tip of a cathode in a coaxial microelectrode system, followed by ablation, atomization, and excitation of the particulate matter using the rf-GD. The resulting atomic emissions are recorded using a spectrometer for elemental identification and quantification. The glow discharge plasma in our system was characterized by measuring spatially resolved gas temperatures (378-1438 K) and electron densities (2-5 × 10<sup>14</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>). Spatial analysis of the spectral features showed that the excitation of the analyte occurred in the region near the collection electrode. The temporal analysis of spectral features in the rf-GD showed that the collected particles were continuously ablated; the time for complete ablation of 193 ng of sucrose particles was found to be approximately 2 s. The system was calibrated using 100 nm particles containing C, Cd, Mn, and Na, respectively. The method provides limits of detection in the range of 0.055-1.0 ng, and a measurement reproducibility of 5-28%. This study demonstrates that the rf-GD can be an excellent excitation source for the development of low-cost hand-held sensors for elemental measurement of aerosols.
Glucose transporter protein content and glucose transport capacity in rat skeletal muscles (1990)

The relationships among fiber type, glucose transporter (GLUT-4) protein content, and glucose transport activity stimulated maximally with insulin and/or contractile activity were studied by use of the rat epitrochlearis (15% type I-20% type II2a-65% type IIb), soleus (84-16-0%), extensor digitorum longus (EDL, 3-57-40%), and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB, 7-92-1%) muscles. Insulin-stimulated 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) uptake was greatest in the soleus, followed (in order) by the FDB, EDL, and epitrochlearis. On the other hand, contractile activity induced the greatest increase in 2-DG uptake in the FDB, followed by the EDL, soleus, and epitrochlearis. The effects of insulin and contractile activity on 2-DG uptake were additive in all the muscle preparations, with the relative rates being FDB greater than soleus greater than EDL greater than epitrochlearis. Quantitation of the GLUT-4 protein content with the antiserum R820 showed the following pattern: FDB greater than soleus greater than EDL greater than epitrochlearis. Linear regression analysis showed that whereas a relatively low and nonsignificant correlation existed between GLUT-4 protein content and 2-DG uptake stimulated by insulin alone, significant correlations existed between GLUT-4 protein content and 2-DG uptake stimulated either by contractions alone (r = 0.950) or by insulin and contractions in combination (r = 0.992). These results suggest that the differences in maximally stimulated glucose transport activity among the three fiber types may be related to differences in their content of GLUT-4 protein.
Nondegradable hydrogels for the treatment of focal cartilage defects (2007)

Nondegradable materials have long been suggested for the treatment of articular cartilage defects; however, the mechanics of the implant/tissue system necessary to ensure long-term function are unknown. The objective of this study was to explore the performance of nondegradable hydrogel implants in cartilage defects. Our hypothesis was that the structural integrity of the implant and surrounding tissue would be influenced by the compressive modulus of the material used, and that superior results would be obtained with the implantation of a more compliant material. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) hydrogel implants of two different moduli were implanted into osteochondral defects in a rabbit model. Six-month postoperative histological and mechanical data were used to assess the wear and fixation of the implants. The compliant implants remained well fixed and a thin layer of soft tissue grew over the surface of the implants. However, gross deformation of the compliant implants occurred and debris was evident in surrounding bone. The stiffer implants were dislocated from their implantation site, but with no accompanying evidence of debris or implant deformation. Our hypothesis that superior results would be obtained with implantation of a more compliant material was rejected; a compromise between the wear and fixation properties dependent on modulus was found.
On glucinum and its compounds (1863)

THE distinguished crystallographer, Haiiy, having discovered a perfect identity in crystalline form, hardness, and specific gravity between the minerals beryl and emerald, requested Vauquelin to subject the former to a careful analysis.Beryl had preyiollsly been analyzed by Bindheim in 1790, with the fol-lOWIng result: Si0 3 =64:, Al s 0 3 =27, CaO=8, and Fe Il 0 3 =2.Total 101.Vauquelin' fused 100 parts of finely pulverized beryl with 800 parts of caustic potassa, and separated the silica (69 p. c.) in the usual way.He then precipitated the earths by carbonate of potassa, and digested the precipitate in caustic potassa, by which a portion, amounting to nine per cent, was again thrown down.This property of re•precipitation from caustic potassa, in one portion of the beryl, attracted his attention, and the fact that be could not obtain an alum with it, when its sulphate was mixed with the sulphate of potassa., lead to the final discovery of glu.cina.Vauquelin did not give a name to the new earth, but left it to his colleagues to propose one.In consequence of its forming salts of a sweetish taste, they called it glucina, from r"vlC6., sweet, r1vlCl'I, sweet wine, r"vlCulJ'Cd, to render sweet.The German chemists, however, have preferred the name berylla, from the mineral in which it was first found.Since the days of Vauquelin, a number of minerals containing glucina have been added to the list.The following catalogue of these minerals, together with the literature of the subject, is believed to be tolerably complete.1 • ..!iezandrite-same as chrysoberyL 2 . .
Perception of partly occluded objects: A microgenetic analysis. (1992)

The sensory information specifying objects is often optically incomplete : Objects occlude parts of themselves and other objects. However, people rarely experience difficulty in perceiving complete 3-dimensional forms. This report describes a paradigm for the objective study of completion effects and their microgenesis. A well-known priming method was extended to determine whether a partly occluded object produces priming effects more like one of its possible interpretations than like another. For prime durations > 200 ms, a partly occluded object produces priming effects equivalent to its complete interpretation. The results provide objective evidence for the perceptual completion of partly occluded objects and imply that the complete interpretation develops over time, possibly proceeding through a preliminary mosaic interpretation
Dietary Lipid Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows (1978)

Effects of feeding an oil seed supplement treated with formalin upon lipid patterns of blood and synthesis of milk fat were evaluated. Percentages and yields of fatty acids of milk fat with chain lengths between 6 and 16 carbons were decreased while percentages and yields of stearate and linoleate were increased when the lipid supplement was fed. Calculations in cows fed control and supplement, 60% and 80%, respectively, of fatty acids of milk were derived from lipids of blood were supported by arterial-venous differences. Comparisons of the fatty acid compositions of triacylglycerol of plasma and milk fat suggested that triacylglycerol may not be the sole source of linoleate transferred from blood to milk fat. A preliminary evaluation of supplement effects upon lipoprotein patterns of serum indicated two peaks in the low density lipoprotein class and that the increase in total cholesterol of blood caused by feeding lipid supplement is due to increases in cholesterol content of the low density and high density lipoprotein classes.
A comparative study of interference coordination schemes for wireless mobile advanced systems (2014)

Since their launching as voice only networks, mobile communication networks have witnessed a perpetual evolution. In the last years, the attention was addressed to high data rate networks. The lately 3GPP released LTE-Advanced network was the first to completely fulfill 4G requirements. However, performance gains remain limited due to severe interference levels. This paper is a survey upon the evolution of interference mitigation solutions for advanced mobile networks. This problem was addressed since earlier releases by coordinating transmission/reception among different cells. Many enhancements were then carried out by each subsequent specification. The originality of this work resides on the comparison between the different schemes and the perspective of developing a new interference coordination method available for 4G and beyond systems with small cells deployment. Several similarities between the different schemes are noted and differences on performance impact are highlighted.
Synthesis of Aromatic Esters via Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Potassium Oxalate Monoesters with Aryl Bromides and Chlorides (2009)

Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides with potassium oxalate monoesters has been discovered. This reaction is potentially useful for laboratory-scale synthesis of aryl and alkenyl esters. Bulky, electron-rich bidentate phosphine ligands are preferred in the reaction, whereas Cu is not needed for decarboxylation. Theoretical calculations suggest a five-coordinate Pd(II) transition state for decarboxylation with an energy barrier of approximately 30 kcal/mol.
Realization of spontaneous healing function by carnosine. (1988)

Granulation is a tissue response with high potential of immunity and tissue repair. Carnosine was found to be a physiological stimulator that promotes granulation, and as carnosine and beta-alanine were shown to not only stimulate granulation but also accelerate wound healing, modulate immunoresponse, and non-specifically increase immunocompetence, therapeutic and prophylactic enhancement of spontaneous healing function of the body was suggested to be possible. In this report, revision of conventional medical concepts necessitated by recognition of homeostasis as a concrete manipulable entity, resolution of side effects of anti-tumor agents by homeostasis-stimulators, the possibility of direct treatment of cancer with homeostasis-stimulators, experimental reproduction of spontaneous regression, and a tripartite theory of carcinogenesis, including homeostasis as a key factor in the carcinogenic mechanism, are discussed as related to carnosine as a drug of the future.
Efficient, Selective, and Green:  Catalyst Tuning for Highly Enantioselective Reactions of Ethylene (2008)

Fine tuning of the biaryl and amino moieties of Feringa's phosphoramidite ligands yields structurally simpler, yet more efficient and selective, ligands for asymmetric hydrovinylation of vinylarenes and acylic 1,3-dienes. The enantioselectivities and yields observed in the formation of the 3-arylbutenes are among the highest for all asymmetric catalytic processes reported to date for the synthesis of intermediates for the widely used antiinflammatory 2-arylpropionic acids including naproxen, ibuprofen, fenoprofen, and flurbiprofen.
Folding of a Monomeric Porin, OmpG, in Detergent Solution (2003)

OmpG, a porin from E. coli, has been examined in planar lipid bilayers and in detergent solution. First, bilayer recordings were used to reinforce the evidence that the functional form of OmpG is a monomer. Both pH-dependent gating and blockade by covalent modification add support to this proposal. The findings contrast with the properties of the classical porins, which function as trimers. Second, the folding of OmpG in detergent solution was examined. A water-soluble form of OmpG was obtained by dialysis from denaturant into buffer. Incubation of water-soluble OmpG in detergent results in conversion to a form that possesses the hallmarks of a beta barrel. The folding of water-soluble OmpG in detergent was monitored by circular dichroism, protease resistance, and heat modifiability. OmpG is first transformed into an intermediate with increased beta-sheet content on the time scale of minutes at 23 degrees C. This is followed by the slow acquisition of heat modifiability and protease resistance over several hours. The formation of a beta barrel during this period was demonstrated in a double cysteine mutant by using intramolecular disulfide bond formation to report N and C terminus proximity. Finally, conditions are presented for folding OmpG with greater than 90% efficiency, thereby paving the way for structural studies.