gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potentially Infectious Agents Associated with Shearling Bedpads (1970)

Glutaraldehyde-tanned woolskin pads which are used for the prevention of decubitus ulcers in bed patients were experimentally contaminated with polio or vaccinia viruses. Two methods of exposure, direct contact and aerosol, were used in separate experiments. Attempts were made to remove or inactivate these virus contaminants by laundering the woolskins in a quaternary ammonium disinfectant, a phenolic disinfectant, or alkalinized glutaraldehyde, in combination with an anionic detergent or a nonionic detergent. The effect of a commercial detergent-sanitizer was also studied. The virus titers were significantly reduced in all experiments, but only laundering in glutaraldehyde in combination with either detergent lowered the vaccinia virus titers to below detectable limits. High concentrations of glutaraldehyde altered the texture of the wool and leather apparently by precipitating a component of the detergent onto the fibers. In all the poliovirus experiments, the virus was still detectable on either or both the wool and the leather of the pads after laundering. The rinse water from each experiment was tested for the presence of virus. No vaccinia virus was recovered, but poliovirus was demonstrated in titers up to 10(3) cell culture 50% infectious doses.
Cytological factors relating to posterior capsule opacification following cataract surgery. (1987)

Simulated extracapsular cataract extractions on cadaver eyes were performed which demonstrated that the cells of the anterior capsule remain largely intact and that only a small amount of cortical lens matter remains postoperatively. Human lens epithelial cells from normal and cataractous lenses were grown in culture. There was no appreciable difference in growth rate between cells from normal and those from cataractous lenses or between equatorial and central capsule cells. The cells grew from the cut edges of the capsule, suggesting that release from contact inhibition is an important factor in stimulating proliferation. The daughter cells became increasingly abnormal and metaplastic in successive generations, but there was no evidence of differentiation into fibroblasts within the 35-day culture period, suggesting that a retinal growth factor may be involved with the fibrosis occurring in opacification of the posterior capsule. A small anterior capsulotomy will release fewer cells from contact inhibition and hence reduce cell proliferation after extracapsular cataract extraction.
ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA IN A MALE WITH EXCESS GONADOTROPIN IN THE URINE (1949)

TUMORS of the adrenal cortex with symptoms of hypercorticoidism are infrequent (1–3). Most of the cases reported presented masculinization (in females) or the adrenogenital syndrome (in males or females); a few showed evidence of feminization (in males) (4–12). Adrenal cortical tumors associated with excess gonadotropin seem to be exceedingly rare. A search through the literature revealed only one case (McFadzean) (13): The 29-year-old patient was admitted because of unexplained fever. He gave a history of symptomless breast enlargement of eighteen months′ duration, of weight gain of one year's duration, and of decreased sexual activity and libido of six months′ duration. A large tumor mass was palpable in the upper left quadrant. The breasts were well developed, the genitalia were normal, and there was a slight feminine distribution of his hair. X-ray examination showed a soft tissue mass with displacement of the left kidney. The lungs were clear. Urinary estrogens or gonadotropins were not assayed, but a Friedman test was positive. Twenty days after successful removal of the tumor, the Friedman test was found to be negative. Sexual interest and activity returned, and by the forty-third postoperative day the beard was thicker and periareolar hair had grown. The tumor was mostly encapsulated, multilobulated and weighed 1420 Gm. It showed fibrous cores, multiple hemorrhages and light gray areas, and one lobe resembled the “classical hypernephroma.” Microscopic examination revealed an adenocarcinoma, the structure resembling that of adrenal cortex with various types of nuclei and some vacuolization.
Solar Chimney: Electricity from the Sun (1996)

Describes a viable alternative power source. Manzanares, Spain's solar chimney has proven to be effective.
Web-based Agile software development (1998)

The pressure to be first to market with a new product has accelerated the development process. Today's process models require agility, defined as the ability to operate in real time and to adapt quickly to changing requirements and conditions. Further, the global, distributed nature of many projects-often developed now over the Internet and intranets-demands flexible, integrated tools. The author's Web-based Agile Software Engineering Environment answers these challenges with a time-based life cycle that provides just-in-time process management.
The role of stratum corneum and dermal microvascular perfusion in penetration and tissue levels of water-soluble drugs investigated by microdialysis (2003)

This study defines for the first time the relationship between the degree of mechanical barrier impairment and drug absorption at the same anatomical site in humans, and the role of blood flow in drug clearance in vivo.
Aperture Efficiency of Amplitude Weighting Distributions for Array Antennas (2007)

Array antennas offer a wide range of opportunities in the variation of their directivity patterns through amplitude and phase control. Peak sidelobe levels may be reduced via amplitude control or weighting across the array aperture. Several authors have made significant contributions in detailing processes for synthesizing these aperture amplitude distributions for the purpose of sidelobe level control. One of the basic trade-offs when implementing amplitude weighting functions is that a trade between low sidelobe levels and a loss in main beam directivity always results. Some of the commercially available pattern calculation programs that can implement sidelobe level control do not provide calculations of the aperture efficiencies given different amplitude weightings. Calculation of the aperture efficiency can be somewhat confusing, particularly with regards to the difference between tapering via attenuation versus redistribution. The purpose of this paper is to define these terms, to provide a review of the proper normalization technique that is important in obtaining accurate aperture efficiency estimation. Descriptions of the amplitude tapers and their utility will be presented. A design example will be presented which will compare theoretical efficiencies with those obtained via finite element method simulation.
The Pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease: An Alternative to the Amyloid Hypothesis (1996)

This paper attempts to put together in the form of a flow sheet (Fig. 1) the several known alterations, both chemical and structural, of brain tissue in Alzheimer disease, which ultimately result in dementia. While most investigators in the field believe strongly that amyloid deposition is at the core of the disease, this writer finds that a more coherent, and thus more satisfying, schema can be based on the centrality of cytoskeletal abnormality. Not only do all four identified genes interact one way or another with the cytoskeleton, but abnormality of the latter leads to alterations of the Golgi apparatus with effects on protein processing, and on axoplasmic flow such that one can expect loss of synapses and subsequent loss of neurons with consequent disconnection and loss of neurotransmitters. Dementia is the result.
The Application and Realization of Map Search Engine in WEBGIS (2009)

With the development of internet, especially the widespread of network electronic map, the spatial information on internet is increasing amazingly. Then how to search the wanted information from the massive spatial information fast and accurately is needed to resolve. At this background, spatial search engine based on internet grows up quickly. At the same time, how to display map data in client by the map search engine is important in the research. In this paper, I will mainly introduce the current condition and key techniques of map search engine and design the system structure based on it. In addition, I will realize the work flow and give the prototype of map search engine in WEBGIS application.
Class-Specific Image Deblurring (2015)

In image deblurring, a fundamental problem is that the blur kernel suppresses a number of spatial frequencies that are difficult to recover reliably. In this paper, we explore the potential of a class-specific image prior for recovering spatial frequencies attenuated by the blurring process. Specifically, we devise a prior based on the class-specific subspace of image intensity responses to band-pass filters. We learn that the aggregation of these subspaces across all frequency bands serves as a good class-specific prior for the restoration of frequencies that cannot be recovered with generic image priors. In an extensive validation, our method, equipped with the above prior, yields greater image quality than many state-of-the-art methods by up to 5 dB in terms of image PSNR, across various image categories including portraits, cars, cats, pedestrians and household objects.
Optogenetic Stimulation of Locus Ceruleus Neurons Augments Inhibitory Transmission to Parasympathetic Cardiac Vagal Neurons via Activation of Brainstem α1 and β1 Receptors (2014)

Locus ceruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons are critical in generating alertness. In addition to inducing cortical arousal, the LC also orchestrates changes in accompanying autonomic system function that compliments increased attention, such as during stress, excitation, and/or exposure to averse or novel stimuli. Although the association between arousal and increased heart rate is well accepted, the neurobiological link between the LC and parasympathetic neurons that control heart rate has not been identified. In this study, we test directly whether activation of noradrenergic neurons in the LC influences brainstem parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs). CVNs were identified in transgenic mice that express channel-rhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in LC tyrosine hydroxylase neurons. Photoactivation evoked a rapid depolarization, increased firing, and excitatory inward currents in ChR2-expressing neurons in the LC. Photostimulation of LC neurons did not alter excitatory currents, but increased inhibitory neurotransmission to CVNs. Optogenetic activation of LC neurons increased the frequency of isolated glycinergic IPSCs by 27 ± 8% (p = 0.003, n = 26) and augmented GABAergic IPSCs in CVNs by 21 ± 5% (p = 0.001, n = 26). Inhibiting α1, but not α2, receptors blocked the evoked responses. Inhibiting β1 receptors prevented the increase in glycinergic, but not GABAergic, IPSCs in CVNs. This study demonstrates LC noradrenergic neurons inhibit the brainstem CVNs that generate parasympathetic activity to the heart. This inhibition of CVNs would increase heart rate and risks associated with tachycardia. The receptors activated within this pathway, α1 and/or β1 receptors, are targets for clinically prescribed antagonists that promote slower, cardioprotective heart rates during heightened vigilant states.
Cyclic Polypeptides by Solvent-Induced Polymerizations of α-Amino Acid <i>N</i>-Carboxyanhydrides (2005)

Solutions of dl-phenylalanine-NCA in eight different solvents were thermostated at 20 °C for 4 days (and in two cases at 60 °C) without addition of initiators. Spontaneous polymerizations were observed in dimethylformamide (DMF), in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In dimethyl sulfoxide also sarcosine-NCA, l-alanine-NCA, d,l-leucine-NCA, and dl-valine-NCA underwent spontaneous polymerizations. However, in N-methylpyrrolidone, only sarcosine-NCA and l-alanine-NCA polymerized. The products of all these solvent-induced polymerizations were identified by MALDI−TOF mass spectrometry as cyclic oligo- and polypeptides. This fact and the finding that only the most nucleophilic solvents induce spontaneous polymerizations indicate a zwitterionic polymerization mechanism.
MRI EVALUATION OF KNEE CARTILAGE (2010)

Through the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize soft tissue noninvasively, it has become an excellent method for evaluating cartilage. The development of new and faster methods allowed increased resolution and contrast in evaluating chondral structure, with greater diagnostic accuracy. In addition, physiological techniques for cartilage assessment that can detect early changes before the appearance of cracks and erosion have been developed. In this updating article, the various techniques for chondral assessment using knee MRI will be discussed and demonstrated.
Ion transport across the jejunum in normal and cystic fibrosis mice (1995)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) mice created by targeted disruption of the murine cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene lack adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated Cl- secretion and exhibit marked intestinal complications secondary to inadequate fluid secretion. The basal short-circuit current (Isc) in the normal murine jejuna [43.2 +/- 5.9 microA.cm-2, n = 10 (mean +/- SE)] exhibits marked spontaneous n = 10 (mean +/- SE)] exhibits marked spontaneous oscillations (amplitude = 47.9 microA.cm-2, n = 18), which were completely absent in the CF jejunum. Treatment of normal jejuna with the neuronal blocker tetrodotoxin completely eliminated the oscillations and decreased the Isc to levels not significantly different from the low basal Isc (5.4 +/- 2.8 microA.cm-2, n = 16) exhibited by CF tissue. Ion substitution studies revealed basal Isc in normal jejuna to be due primarily to Cl- secretion but these tissues appeared to be capable of HCO3- secretion as well. In contrast, CF jejuna spontaneously secreted neither Cl- nor HCO3-, which may indicate that CF jejuna have a defect in the ability to secrete both of these anions. Apical glucose elicited an electrogenic absorption of Na+ of identical magnitude in normal and CF jejuna. Without apical glucose, CF jejuna exhibited a very small Isc response to forskolin (delta 2.2 +/- 0.67 microA.cm-2, n = 10). However, in the presence of apical glucose, forskolin elicited an eightfold greater Isc response in the CF tissue (delta 17.2 +/- 4.8 microA.cm-2, n = 9).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dual-Beam Interferometry for Ocean Surface Current (2001)

The recent use of along-track interferometry (ATI) in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has shown promise for synoptic measurement of ocean surface currents. ATI-SARs have been used to estimate wave fields, currents, and current features. This paper describes and analyzes a dual-beam along-track interferometer to provide spatially resolved vector surface velocity estimates with a single pass of an aircraft. The design employs a pair of interferom- eter beams, one squinted forward and one squinted aft. Each inter- ferometric phase is sensitive to the component of surface Doppler velocity in the direction of the beam. Therefore, a proper combi- nation of these measurements provides a vector surface velocity estimate in one pass of the aircraft. We find that precise measure- ments dictate widely spaced beams and that the spatial resolution for the squinted SAR is essentially identical to the sidelooking case. Practical instrument design issues are discussed, and an airborne system currently in development is described. Through computer simulation, we observe the azimuthal displacement of interfero- metric phases by moving surfaces identical to those of conventional SAR and find that such displacement can bias the estimated sur- face velocity. Index Terms—Along-track, interferometry, ocean surface cur- rents.
Cleaning Turbomachinery Without Disassembly, Online And Offline. (1995)

is Senior De sign Engineer for axial and single stage centrifitgal compressors at Elliott Co.He i.<; responsible for all technical aspects of these compressors, including aerodynamic per formance, rotordynamics and mechanical design.Besides axial and single-stage com pressors, he is assigned .pecialprojects in volving multi-stage compressors.He assists Sales/Marketing in pre-contract compres sor selection and technical data.He also works with Manufacturing and Test Engineering on in-house orders
Modulation of nitrate reductase: some new insights, an unusual case and a potentially important side reaction (2002)

The mechanism of the post-translational modulation of nitrate reductase activity (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) is briefly summarized, and it is shown that by this mechanism nitric oxide production through NR is also rapidly modulated. New and partly unexpected details on the modulation mechanism have been obtained by using immunological techniques. The phosphorylation state of NR has been assessed with peptide antibodies raised against the serine phosphorylation motive of spinach NR. By co-immunoprecipitation experiments, 14-3-3 binding to phospho-NR and the function of Mg(2+) in that process has been elucidated. Conflicting data on the role of NR phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding in controlling NR proteolysis are discussed. A possible role of other NR inactivating proteins is also briefly considered and the regulation of NR of Ricinus communis is described as an interesting special case that differs from the 'normal' mechanism in several important aspects.
Surfactant-Enhanced Spreading (1996)

The spreading of aqueous mixtures of a number of surfactants, including “superspreading” trisiloxane surfactants, has been investigated as a function of surfactant concentration, substrate surface energy, temperature, humidity, and substrate roughness. The substrate surface energy, characterized in terms of the contact angle of water, was controlled by the deposition of mixed organosulfur monolayers with different terminal chemical functionalities. The data demonstrate a strong spreading rate dependence on both surfactant concentration and surface energy. Furthermore, they indicate that nonturbid trisiloxane surfactant solutions, which were previously believed not to promote rapid spreading, display superspreading characteristics, albeit on substrates which were less hydrophobic than those initially investigated. Moreover, both turbid dispersions and nonturbid solutions of nonionic surfactants lacking trisiloxane groups have also been found to promote greatly enhanced spreading on less hydrophobic surfaces. Cationic and anionic surfactants were not observed to exhibit enhanced spreading characteristics. These results indicate that surfactant-enhanced spreading denoted earlier as “superspreading”, is not limited to turbid aqueous dispersions of trisiloxane surfactants, and this phenomenon may be more general and occur in a much more diverse class of compounds than previously thought.
Measurement of Noise on an Underwater Towed Body (1970)

Noise has been measured on a streamlined body of revolution towed by a hydrofoil craft at speeds up to 30 kt. The body was instrumented with accelerometers, flush-mounted hydrophones in the wall, and cylindrical hydrophones in the interior of the body. Towing was conducted with different lengths of cable. The noise in the body was found to result from body-wall vibrations, from farfield radiated noise sources, and from flow noise caused by pressure fluctuations in the turbulent boundary layer. Wall vibrations were found to be caused by cable vibrations, cavitation, and other flow-induced mechanisms. The pressure distribution along the towed body and thickness of the turbulent boundary layer have been calculated and are also presented to aid in the interpretation of the results.
Activation of Eosinophils Interacting with Dermal Fibroblasts by Pruritogenic Cytokine IL-31 and Alarmin IL-33: Implications in Atopic Dermatitis (2012)

The above findings suggest a crucial immunopathological role of IL-31 and IL-33 in AD through the activation of eosinophils-fibroblasts interaction via differential intracellular signaling mechanisms.
Demonstration and application of a monolithic Two-PONs-In-One device (1996)

We have successfully designed and fabricated a 2P1 passive optical network device that functions transparently as a dense WDM around 1.55 /spl mu/m and as a power splitter around 1.31 /spl mu/m. The dense WDM and the power splitter are combined with coarse WDMs on a single chip using conventional silica waveguide technology. The device has potential applications in optical communications networks.
Uptake of extracellular enzyme by a novel pathway is a major determinant of cathepsin L levels in human macrophages. (1990)

The phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-differentiated myelomonocytic cell line, THP-1, and human alveolar macrophages contain the cysteine proteinase cathepsin L. This enzyme is synthesized as a 43-kD proenzyme and processed to the active 25-kD form. Differentiation of THP-1 cells in the presence of human serum resulted in an increase in the size of the vacuolar compartment and the accumulation of more 25-kD cathepsin L antigen, as compared with THP-1 cells differentiated in the presence of fetal calf serum. Cells cultured in both types of sera have equivalent levels of cathepsin L mRNA. Metabolic labeling experiments demonstrated equivalent rates of synthesis, processing to the active form, and persistence in both culture conditions. An extracellular source of enzyme was documented by immunoblotting human serum which demonstrated 25-kD cathepsin L antigen; furthermore, we demonstrated that both THP-1 cells, differentiated in human serum, and human alveolar macrophages take up the 43-kD proenzyme and process it to the 25-kD form. Thus, human serum contains a factor(s) that induces both a marked increase in the size of the vacuolar compartment in differentiated THP-1 cells and a novel pathway that is responsible for the uptake and processing of extracellular cathepsin L. The activity of this inducible pathway is a major determinant of levels of intracellular cathepsin L. Cathepsin L is a potent elastase and the regulation of its uptake and processing may play a role in the pathogenesis of disease processes characterized by the destruction of elastin, such as pulmonary emphysema.
Identification of a Potential Ovarian Cancer Stem Cell Gene Expression Profile from Advanced Stage Papillary Serous Ovarian Cancer (2012)

Identification of gene expression profiles of cancer stem cells may have significant implications in the understanding of tumor biology and for the design of novel treatments targeted toward these cells. Here we report a potential ovarian cancer stem cell gene expression profile from isolated side population of fresh ascites obtained from women with high-grade advanced stage papillary serous ovarian adenocarcinoma. Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays were used to interrogate the differentially expressed genes between side population (SP) and main population (MP), and the results were analyzed by paired T-test using BRB-ArrayTools. We identified 138 up-regulated and 302 down-regulated genes that were differentially expressed between all 10 SP/MP pairs. Microarray data was validated using qRT-PCR and17/19 (89.5%) genes showed robust correlations between microarray and qRT-PCR expression data. The Pathway Studio analysis identified several genes involved in cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis which are unique to SP cells and a mechanism for the activation of Notch signaling is identified. To validate these findings, we have identified and isolated SP cells enriched for cancer stem cells from human ovarian cancer cell lines. The SP populations were having a higher colony forming efficiency in comparison to its MP counterpart and also capable of sustained expansion and differentiation in to SP and MP phenotypes. 50,000 SP cells produced tumor in nude mice whereas the same number of MP cells failed to give any tumor at 8 weeks after injection. The SP cells demonstrated a dose dependent sensitivity to specific γ-secretase inhibitors implicating the role of Notch signaling pathway in SP cell survival. Further the generated SP gene list was found to be enriched in recurrent ovarian cancer tumors.