gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyaddition of Bis(cyclic thiocarbonate) with Diamines. Novel Efficient Synthetic Method of Polyhydroxythiourethanes (2001)

The polyaddition of a five-membered bis(cyclic thiocarbonate), 2,2-bis[p-(1,3-dioxolane-2-thione-4-yl-methoxy)phenyl]propane (B5CTC) with diamines, 4,9-dioxa-1,12-dodecanediamine (DODDA), and p-xylylenediamine (p-XDA) was carried out to afford the corresponding polyhydroxythiourethanes with number-average molecular weights of 11 000−44 000 in good yields. The rate of polyaddition of B5CTC was extremely larger than the corresponding five-membered bis(cyclic carbonate), 2,2-bis[p-(1,3-dioxolan-2-one-4-yl-methoxy)phenyl]propane (B5CC). Also, B5CTC gave higher molecular weight polymers than B5CC. These differences were discussed based on the reaction process of a monofunctional five-membered cyclic thiocarbonate and a cyclic carbonate with amines.
Integrated ultrasound thermometry and multiphysics modeling for liver RF ablation monitoring: Ex vivo studies (2014)

Monitoring of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is essential to ensure accurate treatment coverage of large liver tumors. Ultrasound is an excellent option for monitoring of ablations. Since ultrasound B-mode imaging lacks the ability to precisely estimate the extent of the lesion, there has been considerable effort and interest in other ultrasound based monitoring techniques. Ultrasound thermometry is one such technique that has the potential to monitor thermal ablations. However, drawback of the approach is its applicability only in sub-ablative temperatures. We attempt to overcome this limitation by integrating a predictive thermal model with ultrasound thermometry and extend its applicability to ablative temperatures. In this paper, we validate this integrated approach through ex vivo studies on bovine liver tissue. Specifically, sub-ablative temperature rise is measured using ultrasound thermometry in a plane distal to the metallic RFA tine. Independently, temperature distribution in the tissue is obtained from a COMSOL™-based multiphysics model (based on combining the Laplace and bio-heat transfer (BHTE) equation) customized for the ablation device geometry and boundary conditions. Subsequently, the experimentally determined ultrasound temperature estimates and the model temperature estimates are compared to estimate the local in situ unknown tissue properties. Finally, the adapted model is utilized during the ablation to estimate the ablation size. The thermal and electrical conductivity estimated using our approach for N=5 samples are 0.59±0.07 W/m/°C and 0.20±0.02 S/m respectively. Further, the lateral and axial lesion widths are 14.6 ±2.3 mm and 30.6±1.1 mm respectively and compare well with gross pathology estimates of 12.6±1.8 mm and 25.6±1.3 mm. In ex-vivo conditions devoid of blood perfusion effects, we have demonstrated the successful integration of the multiphysics model with the experimentally measured ultrasound backscatter data and the feasibility of the approach to monitor ablations.
Design tables for partial-response data transmission filters (1986)

Practical design tables are presented for partial-response class 1 data transmission filters. These tables give the pole and zero locations and the main sample point of several filters. This information can be used to analyse the performance of the filters, both in the time domain and frequency domain, thus assisting the user in the choice of a filter to meet the requirements. The filters given in the tables can be syntheised in either active or passive form.
Artículo 132.2 LSA 1989 y cese de administradores designados por la minoría debido a la existencia de un «conflicto de interés estructural y permanente»: sentencia del JM núm. 1 de Bilbao, de 9 de julio de 2010 (ACS v. IBERDROLA) (2011)

En esta doctrina se comenta la sentencia del Juzgado de lo Mercantil que aborda un tema ciertamente espinoso �el cese por la junta de socios de una sociedad anonima de los administradores designados por la minoria� y que resulta relevante porque nos permite exponer algunas reflexiones sobre el ambito del art. 132.2 LSA que tiene una inteligencia bastante confusa y una aplicacion de lo mas extravagante
The Reaction of Cellulose Fiber with Novel Imidazolic Chelating Agents Using a Cyanuric Chloride and Application to Metal Ion Indicator Paper (1974)

The reaction of α-dione monoximes with aldehydes and ammonia afforded a general and facile synthetic route to 1-hydroxyimidazoles.Among them, the chemical structure of 1-hydroxy-2- (pyrid-2-yl) -4, 5-dimethylimidazole and 1-hydroxy-2- (pyrr-2-yl) -4, 5-dimethylimidazole is similar to α, α'-bipyridine which is well known chelating agent.Moreover, these imidazoles are an advantage over α, α'-bipyridine, because the hydroxyl group of the imidazoles is substitutable. Thus the 2, 4, 6-trichloro-s-triazine (cyanuric chloride) has been used to couple the 1-hydroxyimidazoles with cellulose fiber. The apparent stability constant of bonded 1-oxy-2- (pyrid-2yl) -4, 5-dimethylimidazole with ferrous ion (II) was 104.
STRUCTURE OF RIBOSOMAL RNA (1984)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Responses of<i>Glossina pallidipes</i>(Diptera: Glossinidae) to synthetic repellents in the field (1996)

Abstract In Zimbabwe, studies were made of the responses of Glossina pallidipes Austen to known and candidate repellents. Various chemicals, dispensed at c . 5–10 mg/h, were placed beside Epsilon traps already baited with a blend of acetone, octenol, 4-methylphenol and 3- n -propylphenol. Pentanoic or hexanoic acids or acetophenone halved the catch and 2-methoxyphenol reduced the catch by 90%. There were no consistent differences in the responses of males and females. Pentanoic acid or acetophenone or 2-methoxyphenol at an unbaited trap reduced the catch by 40%, 75% and 60%, respectively. Baiting traps with a combination of pentanoic acid, acetophenone and 2-methoxyphenol did not reduce the catch below that produced by 2-methoxyphenol alone. Pentanoic acid and 2-methoxyphenol reduced the efficiency of traps from c . 40% to 20% but acetophenone had no significant effect. Acetophenone and 2-methoxyphenol halved the numbers of tsetse attracted to a target baited with acetone, octenol and phenols but none had a significant effect on the proportion that landed. 2-Methoxyphenol significantly reduced the numbers of tsetse attracted to a source of natural ox odour but only pentanoic acid had a significant effect on feeding responses, reducing the proportion that fed on an ox from 59 to 45%. It is concluded that these repellents do not provide any useful degree of protection against trypanosomiasis. In areas where tsetse are abundant (500 bites/ox/day) and infection rates in tsetse are high (>5%) it is highly unlikely that any repellents would be useful. However, in areas where tsetse are less abundant (1 bite/ox/day) and/or infection rates are low ( c . 0.5%) the potent, unidentified repellents present in human odour might effectively complement the control of disease using trypanocidal drugs.
Anomalous Phase Diagram of Ferroelectric<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>Ba</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>Ca</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>TiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Single Crystals with Giant Electromechanical Response (2008)

We report the anomalous phase evolution in ferroelectric single crystals Ba1-xCaxTiO3 (0.02<x<0.34), and demonstrate the significant effects of quantum fluctuation on the ferroelectric phase transition. In addition, large electromechanical responses in this class of crystals are also demonstrated. Our results indicate that an effective approach to control the ferroelectricity of perovskite oxide can be realized not only by the covalency between A site atom and oxygen but also by the substitution of A site with small ions with off-centering nature. Theoretical calculations support the idea that the off-center displacements of the smaller Ca ions in the Ba-site play an important role in the exotic natures of Ba1-xCaxTiO3.
Interaction of narrow carbon nanotubes with nitronium tetrafluoroborate salts (2008)

Density functional calculations have been performed to investigate the destruction of narrow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under the attack of nitronium tetrafluoroborate salts. The dissociation of these salts in a solvent produces nitronium and tetrafluoroborate ions which coadsorb on the external surface of the tubes. It is shown that the ions bind strongly to both metallic and semiconducting narrow nanotubes, although stronger to the metallic ones. The nitronium cations bind to the CNTs through a charge transfer mechanism, whereas the tetrafluoroborate anions remain negatively charged upon adsorption on the nanotubes. The surface of the nanotubes gets substantially deformed around the adsorption site of the nitronium ion, but it is hardly changed around the adsorption site of the tetrafluoroborate ion. These results are the theoretical basis to explain the destruction of the narrow CNTs found in the experiments and also to unravel, in agreement with the experimental interpretation, the distinct role played by the nitronium and the tetrafluoroborate ions. The tetrafluoroborate ions contribute to separate the CNTs from the bundles into individual tubes, without affecting the tubes. The nitronium ions, in contrast, modify the electronic and geometrical structures of the narrow tubes leading eventually to their destruction. The implications for the selective removal of intermediate diameter metallic CNTs found in the experiments are also discussed. The adsorption of the neutral nitrogen dioxide molecule is also studied, and the results show that the weak interactions of this molecule with both metallic and semiconducting tubes cannot be used as a model for the strong attack of the nitronium ions to the narrow tubes. The sensor effect of the nanotubes toward adsorption of nitrogen dioxide is also discussed.
Caspase-1 inhibition alleviates cognitive impairment and neuropathology in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model (2018)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intractable progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline and dementia. An inflammatory neurodegenerative pathway, involving Caspase-1 activation, is associated with human age-dependent cognitive impairment and several classical AD brain pathologies. Here, we show that the nontoxic and blood-brain barrier permeable small molecule Caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 dose-dependently reverses episodic and spatial memory impairment, and hyperactivity in the J20 mouse model of AD. Cessation of VX-765 results in the reappearance of memory deficits in the mice after 1 month and recommencement of treatment re-establishes normal cognition. VX-765 prevents progressive amyloid beta peptide deposition, reverses brain inflammation, and normalizes synaptophysin protein levels in mouse hippocampus. Consistent with these findings, Caspase-1 null J20 mice are protected from episodic and spatial memory deficits, neuroinflammation and Aβ accumulation. These results provide in vivo proof of concept for Caspase-1 inhibition against AD cognitive deficits and pathologies.
Redistribution of the sheep neonatal Fc receptor in the mammary gland around the time of parturition in ewes and its localization in the small intestine of neonatal lambs (2002)

Maternal immunity is mediated exclusively by colostral immunoglobulins in ruminants. As the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is suggested to be involved in the transport of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the mammary gland, we cloned this receptor from sheep and analysed its expression in the mammary gland around the time of parturition and also in the small intestine from the newborn lamb. FcRn heavy-chain mRNA was detected (by using in situ hybridization) exclusively in the acinar and ductal epithelial cells in mammary gland biopsies both before and after parturition. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the acini and ducts in the mammary gland biopsies stained homogeneously before parturition. A remarkable difference was observed in the pattern after lambing, where the apical side of the cells was strongly stained. The presence of the FcRn in the acinar and ductal epithelial cells of the mammary gland, and the obvious change in distribution before and after parturition, indicate that the FcRn plays an important role in the transport of IgG during colostrum formation in ruminants. Immunohistochemical analysis detected a strong apical and a weak basal FcRn signal in the duodenal crypt cells of a neonatal lamb, which have been previously demonstrated to secrete IgG1 in newborn ruminants. The FcRn was not detected in the duodenal enterocytes, which absorb intact IgG from the colostrum in a non-specific manner. These data suggest that FcRn is involved in IgG1 secretion in ruminant epithelial cells.
A Condensation Reaction of Thiols with Phenol Alcohols (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Condensation Reaction of Thiols with Phenol AlcoholsI. W. Ruderman and E. M. FettesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 6, 2264Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01174a526https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01174a526research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental modal analysis (1999)

Experimental modal analysis has grown steadily in pop ularity since the advent of the digital FFT spectrum analyzer in the early 1970’s. Today, impact testing (or bump testing) has become widespread as a fast and economical means of finding the modes of vibration of a machine or structure. In this paper, we review all of the main topics associated with experimental modal analysis (or modal testing), including making FRF measurements with a FFT analyzer, modal excitation techniques, and modal parameter estimation from a set of FRFs (curve fitting).
210. The preparation of benzylamines from benzyl halides and hexamethylenetetramine (1947)

J. Graymore, J. Chem. Soc., 1947, 1116 DOI: 10.1039/JR9470001116
Cryptanalysis of Sood et al.'s Dynamic Identity Based Authentication Protocol for Multi-Server Architecture (2012)

Sood, Sarje, and Singh recently proposed a secure dynamic identity-based (ID-based) authentication protocol for multi-server architectures utilizing smart cards, wherein they reveal security weaknesses of Hsiang and Shih’s dynamic identity-based remote user authentication scheme. Sood et al. claim their proposed scheme can provide protection from various attacks such as replay, malicious user, stolen smart card, and offline dictionary attacks. However, we found their protocol does not have any defense mechanism against denial-of-service (DoS) or distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks such as resource exhaustion attack which severely affects cascade style authentication schemes. We also found the protocol is susceptible to smart card vulnerabilities such as power analysis attack from privileged insiders. In addition, if an attacker has knowledge of both the verification tables and the master secret of the control server, the client verification tables and the service provider server database are susceptible to the verifier disclosure attack and offline dictionary attack. In this paper, we will demonstrate that Sood et al.’s protocol is insecure and suffers from aforementioned potential security vulnerabilities in detail.
The Ratio of Pepsinogen A to Pepsinogen C: A Sensitive Test for Atrophic Gastritis (1989)

To diagnose fundic atrophic (type A) gastritis as part of the clinical investigation of various diseases or for epidemiologic purposes, a simple and reliable diagnostic test would be of great value. We studied circulating levels of pepsinogen A (PGA) and pepsinogen C (PGC) in 179 patients with fundic atrophic gastritis, 29 unselected patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 15 totally gastrectomized patients, and 50 gastroscopically examined normal controls. Of 147 patients with severe atrophic gastritis, 42 (29%) had serum PGA and 22 (15%) serum PGC values within the range of those in totally gastrectomized patients. The most sensitive test for fundic atrophic gastritis was the PGA/PGC ratio in serum, the sensitivity and specificity being 99% and 94%, respectively (discrimination limit, 5.5). Correspondingly, the positive predictive value was 98%, and the negative predictive value 98%. Of 29 unselected patients with gastric adenocarcinoma 22 (76%) had serum PGA/PGC values lower than the discrimination limit for atrophic gastritis. We conclude that the relatively simple analysis of PGA and PGC in serum is a powerful test for fundic atrophic gastritis with several potential areas of application.
A novel push-and-pull hybrid data broadcast scheme for wireless information networks (2000)

A new push-and-pull hybrid data broadcast scheme is proposed for providing wireless information services to three types of clients, general, pull and priority clients. Only pull and priority clients have the back channel for sending requests to the broadcast server. There is no scalability problem with the hybrid scheme because the amount of pull and priority clients is very small. Based on the requests collected from pull and priority clients, the server estimates the interest pattern changes of the whole client population. Then the broadcast schedule on the push channel for the next broadcast cycle is adjusted. Besides the push channel, a small amount of broadcast bandwidth is allocated to a pull channel. The data to be broadcast on the pull channel is decided by the server in real-time and priority is given to requests from priority clients. Simulations show that with a time-varying client interest pattern, the average data access time for all three types of clients can be minimized. Because of the priority in using the pull channel, priority clients can achieve the lowest access time and pull clients can achieve a lower access time than general clients. To further improve the performance, the hybrid scheme with local client cache is also investigated.
Degradation in FPGAs (2010)

Progress in VLSI technology is driven by increasing circuit density through process scaling, but with shrinking geometry comes an increasing threat to reliability. FPGAs are uniquely placed to tackle degradation and faults due to their regular structure and ability to reconfigure, giving them the potential to implement system-level reliability enhancements. To assess the scale of the challenge, a method for measuring and monitoring degradation in an FPGA was developed and used to conduct an accelerated life test on a modern device. This revealed a clear, gradual degradation in timing performance that matches the expected effects of Negative-Bias Temperature Instability and Hot Carrier Injection, two of the most important VLSI degradation mechanisms. Further insight into ageing phenomena was gained using modelling -- showing how degradation in a typical LUT would be affected by different usage conditions, and predicting in detail the effects on circuit behaviour.
Reference Electrode for Ionic Liquids (2006)

Abstract Reference electrodes for room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) applications were constructed that have a known and reproducible potential versus the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. They are based on reference electrodes of the first kind, Ag/Ag + couple type, or of the second kind, based on Ag/AgCl in M + Cl − . The former uses AgNO 3 salt and the latter tetrabutylammonium chloride, Bu 4 NCl, dissolved in acetonitrile which are then introduced to the ionic liquid of choice for a final concentration of 0.1 M. The reference electrodes can be easily and reproducibly constructed. An ionic contact of these reference systems with the test electrolyte was made using an asbestos fiber liquid junction. The internal compartment of the reference system was filled with the same ionic liquid as used for the electrochemical experiment. The performance of these reference electrodes was tested in selected ionic liquids using the ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple. The stability, reproducibility, and temperature behavior of the two reference systems have been characterized in the following ionic liquids: 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF 4 ), 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMI(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N), and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF 6 ). It has been found that the formal potentials of the examined reference systems are stable over several days. There is a linear relationship for the temperature studied in the range from 25 to 60 °C.
Detecting and Number Counting of Single Engineered Nanoparticles by Digital Particle Polymerase Chain Reaction (2015)

The concentrations of nanoparticles present in colloidal dispersions are usually measured and given in mass concentration (e.g. mg/mL), and number concentrations can only be obtained by making assumptions about nanoparticle size and morphology. Additionally traditional nanoparticle concentration measures are not very sensitive, and only the presence/absence of millions/billions of particles occurring together can be obtained. Here, we describe a method, which not only intrinsically results in number concentrations, but is also sensitive enough to count individual nanoparticles, one by one. To make this possible, the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was combined with a binary (=0/1, yes/no) measurement arrangement, binomial statistics and DNA comprising monodisperse silica nanoparticles. With this method, individual tagged particles in the range of 60-250 nm could be detected and counted in drinking water in absolute number, utilizing a standard qPCR device within 1.5 h of measurement time. For comparison, the method was validated with single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICPMS).