gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconnaissance Drought Index Based Evaluation of Meteorological Drought Characteristics in Bundelkhand (2016)

Among all the different types of extreme events drought is considered to be the most hazardous in terms economic losses and number of people being affected by its impacts, mainly due to the various complexities involved. Since it is rather difficult to predict and forecast droughts with a reasonable degree of certainty, the drought management aspects are also very complex and needs to be fine-tuned with the spatial and temporal variation of drought characteristics. It is therefore mandatory to evaluate the drought characteristics effectively for development of operative action oriented drought management plans. Generally there are many techniques available for the measurement of drought characteristics; however the drought indices can be effectively used to identify the characteristics of various types of droughts including the meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts. TheReconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) have been applied to evaluate the characteristics of the meteorological drought in Bundelkhand region located in central India. RDI has been used by many researchersfor identifying the drought characteristics as it is more suited to arid and semi-arid areas. The RDI uses precipitation as well as potential evapotranspiration (PET) and can also be used to analyse the climate change impacts on the drought scenario of a region.ThePenman-Monteith method has been used to estimate the PET. The spatio-temporal variation of drought in Bundelkhand has been investigated and it is found that every drought events has its own characteristics in terms of its areal extent, its progression, withdrawal and severity.
Shape from the light field boundary (2002)

Ray-based representations of shape have received little attention in computer vision. In this paper we show that the problem of recovering shape from silhouettes becomes considerably simplified if it is formulated as a reconstruction problem in the space of oriented rays that intersect the object. The method can be used with both calibrated and uncalibrated cameras, does not rely on point correspondences to compute shape, and does not impose restrictions on object topology or smoothness.
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF THE NEUROTOXIN(CM-9)FROM THE SNAKE VENOM OF QUANGXI KING COBRA (1984)

The amino acid sequence of the neurotoxin CM-9 from the snake venom of theking cobra(Ophiophagus hannah)from Guangxi Province,China,had been determined.Using solid phase manual DABITC/PITC degradation the sequence from the N-ter-minal to the 51th position of intact reduced S-carboxamido methylated CM-9 wasdetermined.The total sequence of 73 amino acid residues was completed by joiningwith the sequences of the tryptic peptides separated by paper chromatography andelectrophoresis.The sequence of CM-9 was analogous to that of the neurotoxinfrom the venom of the king cobra from Thailand as determined by Joubert(2).Itdiffered in 18% of total amino acid residues,especially with the C-terminal fourresidues which are very similar to tha~t of α-bungarotoxin in hydrophobicity.
A Replication Cycle for Viroids and Other Small Infectious RNA's (1984)

Experimental data concerning viroid-specific nucleic acids accumulating in tomato plants establish, together with earlier studies, the major features of a replication cycle for viroid RNA in plant cells. Many features of this pathway, which involves multimeric strands of both polarities, may be shared by other small infectious RNA's including certain satellite RNA's and "virusoid" RNA's which replicate in conjunction with conventional plant viruses. The presence, in host plans, of an elaborate machinery for replicating these disease agents suggests a role for endogenous small RNA's in cellular development.
Microlenses for coupling single-mode fibers to single-mode thin-film waveguides (1980)

A new method has been devised for producing microlenses on the ends of single-mode optical fibers. A lens is formed by dipping the fiber end into a negative photoresist while the fiber core carries greater, similar0.1 mW of He-Ne laser light. The photoresist lenses require no developing or rinsing. The lenses are shown to transform the near-Gaussian beam emitted by the fiber into another near-Gaussian beam with a reduced waist diameter. The size of the new waist can be selected by varying the number of times the fiber is dipped into the photoresist. The waist reduction is shown to increase coupling into single-mode optical waveguides.
New Bisdesmosidic Triterpene Saponins from the Roots of <i>Pulsatilla </i><i>c</i><i>hinensis</i> (2001)

Further phytochemical analysis aimed at the triterpene saponin constituents of the roots of Pulsatilla chinensis has resulted in the isolation of four new bisdesmosidic triterpene saponins whose aglycons are based on the lupane skeleton (1-4), together with three known saponins (5-7). The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis and acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.
Integrative Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 Target Sites in the Human<i>HBB</i>Gene (2015)

Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system has emerged as a powerful customizable artificial nuclease to facilitate precise genetic correction for tissue regeneration and isogenic disease modeling. However, previous studies reported substantial off-target activities of CRISPR system in human cells, and the enormous putative off-target sites are labor-intensive to be validated experimentally, thus motivating bioinformatics methods for rational design of CRISPR system and prediction of its potential off-target effects. Here, we describe an integrative analytical process to identify specific CRISPR target sites in the human β-globin gene (HBB) and predict their off-target effects. Our method includes off-target analysis in both coding and noncoding regions, which was neglected by previous studies. It was found that the CRISPR target sites in the introns have fewer off-target sites in the coding regions than those in the exons. Remarkably, target sites containing certain transcriptional factor motif have enriched binding sites of relevant transcriptional factor in their off-target sets. We also found that the intron sites have fewer SNPs, which leads to less variation of CRISPR efficiency in different individuals during clinical applications. Our studies provide a standard analytical procedure to select specific CRISPR targets for genetic correction.
High-gain 1310-nm reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers with low-gain uncertainty (1997)

A 1310-nm reflective semiconductor optical amplifier with a gain uncertainty of only 0.8 dB at an average gain level of over 30 dB has been demonstrated using a microoptic polarization reversing retroreflector. For this amplifier 3-dB saturation output powers of up to 10 dBm and a noise figure of 7.5 dB have been obtained. A low gain uncertainty for undefined input signal polarization states and input signal wavelengths (which may vary over several nanometers) is of primary importance in switching applications.
Human atrial natriuretic polypeptides (hANP): purification, structure synthesis and biological activity. (1984)

In the present survey for natriuretic factors in human atrial extract, conducted by using in vitro assay for the relaxant activity of chick rectum, three distinct human atrial natriuretic polypeptides (hANP) (alpha-, beta- and gamma-hANP), differing in molecular weight (alpha, 3000; beta, 6000, gamma, 13 000 daltons) have been purified and sequenced. gamma-hANP, of 13 000 daltons, has been identified as a 126-residue peptide which carries the whole sequence of alpha-hANP of 28-amino acids at the C-terminus, while beta-hANP has been proved to be an antiparallel dimeric form of alpha-hANP. Synthetic alpha-hANP at a dose of 0.2 nmol induces diuresis and natriuresis as well as hypotension, when injected into assay rats [1]. Natriuretic activity of beta- and gamma-hANP was estimated to be about one-fifth or less on molar base than that of alpha-hANP.
Molecular and Structural Analysis of a Continuous Birch Profilin Epitope Defined by a Monoclonal Antibody (1996)

The interaction of a mouse monoclonal antibody (4A6) and birch profilin, a structurally well conserved actin- and phosphoinositide-binding protein and cross-reactive allergen, was characterized. In contrast to serum IgE from allergic patients, which shows cross-reactivity with most plants, monoclonal antibody 4A6 selectively reacted with tree pollen profilins. Using synthetic overlapping peptides, a continuous hexapeptide epitope was identified. The exchange of a single amino acid (Gln-47 --> Glu) within the epitope was found to abolish the binding of monoclonal antibody 4A6 to other plant profilins. The NMR analyses of the birch and the nonreactive timothy grass profilin peptides showed that the loss of binding was not due to major structural differences. Both peptides adopted extended conformations similar to that observed for the epitope in the x-ray crystal structure of the native birch profilin. Binding studies with peptides and birch profilin mutants generated by in vitro mutagenesis demonstrated that the change of Gln-47 to acidic amino acids (e.g. Glu or Asp) led to electrostatic repulsion of monoclonal antibody 4A6. In conclusion the molecular and structural analyses of the interaction of a monoclonal antibody with a continuous peptide epitope, recognized in a conformation similar to that displayed on the native protein, are presented.
Infiltrative and cytolytic activities of lymphokine-activated killer cells against a human glioma spheroid model. (1990)

In the present study, we investigated not only the cytotoxic effects of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells on a tumor mass but also the ultrastructural cell-to-cell interaction between LAK effector cells and tumor cells during the cytolytic process within a three-dimensional solid tumor. A multicellular tumor spheroid of a human glioma cell line (U-251MG) was utilized as a solid tumor model. LAK cells were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a healthy donor after stimulation by interleukin 2. Multicellular tumor spheroids with diameters of 500 microns were cocultivated with either LAK cells or nonactivated peripheral blood lymphocytes at the effector:target cell ratio of 20:1, and then time-sequential kinetic, morphological, and ultrastructural analyses were carried out. Morphological and kinetic studies showed that LAK cells directly infiltrated toward the inner areas of multicellular tumor spheroids and caused a progressive tumor destruction. In contrast, peripheral blood lymphocytes hardly exhibited such activities. Ultrastructurally, it was found that the infiltrating LAK effector cells were composed of heterogeneous subpopulations, T-like cells, and large granular lymphocyte-like cells. Both types of lymphocytes tightly adhered to the tumor cells and showed typical morphological features of killing them.
Synthesis of .omega.-unsaturated acids (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .omega.-unsaturated acidsStanley B. MirvissCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 8, 1948–1951Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00269a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00269a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1593Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calcium‐independent haemolysis via the lectin pathway of complement activation in the guinea‐pig and other species* (1999)

We previously reported that complement‐dependent haemolysis of sheep erythrocytes (E) coated with mannan (M) and sensitized with human mannan‐binding lectin (MBL) via the lectin pathway in man occurs in Mg‐EGTA and requires alternative pathway amplification. Calcium was required for MBL binding to E‐M, but once the E‐M‐MBL intermediate was formed, MBL was retained and haemolysis occurred in the absence of calcium. Comparable or greater lectin pathway haemolysis in the absence of calcium was observed upon incubation of E‐M‐MBL in guinea‐pig, rat, dog and pig sera, and was further investigated in the guinea‐pig, in which titres were much higher (~14‐fold) than in man, and in contrast to humans, greater than classical pathway haemolytic activity. As in human serum, no lysis was observed in C4‐ or C2‐deficient guinea‐pig serum until purified C4 or C2, respectively, were restored. However, lectin pathway haemolytic activity in the guinea‐pig did not require the alternative pathway. Removal (>98%) of factor D activity by three sequential passages through Sephadex G‐75, resulting in serum which retained a normal classical pathway but no alternative pathway haemolytic activity, did not reduce the ability of guinea‐pig serum to mediate haemolysis via the lectin pathway. Further, the C3‐convertase formed via the lectin pathway (E‐M‐MBL‐C4,2) lysed in C2‐deficient guinea‐pig but not human serum chelated with EDTA, a condition which precludes alternative pathway amplification. Thus, lectin pathway haemolysis occurs efficiently in guinea‐pig serum, in the absence of calcium and without requirement for alternative pathway amplification. The guinea‐pig provides a model for studying the assembly and haemolytic function of a lectin pathway which contrasts with the lectin pathway of man, and allows for comparisons that may help clarify the role of this pathway in complement biology.
Email in the cloud: the challenges and benefits (2012)

The past few years have seen a marked rise in the adoption of cloud computing and the use of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), with the delegation of email services to third-party providers becoming increasingly the norm as security and technology improve. Organisations are still reluctant to move email hosting to the cloud, largely because of security. Emails contain a whole host of sensitive information, and therefore entrusting the safety of these communications to an external supplier is often considered to be too risky. Yet there are many benefits that can help overcome this fear, such as the time saved, not least in support activities. If security issues are properly addressed, there are powerful rewards waiting for organisations of all sizes by moving to a cloud-based approach, argues Wieland Alge of Barracuda Networks.
Inhibitory effect of octreotide on growth hormone-induced IGF-I generation and organ growth in hypophysectomized rats (1991)

We investigated the effect of a somatostatin analogue octreotide (SMS) on the stimulatory effect of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) generation and growth in hypophysectomized rats. Two weeks after hypophysectomy, treatment was given for 11 days with either saline, SMS (100 micrograms/day), hGH (140 micrograms/day), or hGH plus SMS. Compared with saline-injected controls, hGH stimulated body weight gain [1.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 40.9 +/- 0.8 (SE) g, P less than 0.001] and width of epiphysial cartilage (138.0 +/- 4.5 vs. 356 +/- 3.8 microns, P less than 0.001). Combined treatment with hGH and SMS significantly reduced both body weight gain (29.1 +/- 2.5 g, P less than 0.001) and width of epiphysial cartilage (315.3 +/- 5.8 microns, P less than 0.001) compared with the effects of hGH alone. During 11 days of hGH treatment, serum IGF-I increased from 22 +/- 5 to 1,288 +/- 92 micrograms/l (P less than 0.001) but increased only 40% (513 +/- 71 vs. 1,288 +/- 92 micrograms/l, P less than 0.001) when SMS was given in combination with hGH. In gastrocnemius muscle, heart, and lung, but not in liver, kidney, and brain, SMS suppressed organ weight increase when given both with and without hGH substitution. Thymus and gastrointestinal tract weight were significantly reduced in the group receiving SMS alone and tended to be reduced in the hGH-substituted group given SMS as well. Tissue IGF-I was increased in liver, lung, kidney, and heart with hGH treatment (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Credits and debits on the Internet (1997)

Since the advent of banking in the Middle Ages, bank customers have used paper based instruments to move money between accounts. In the past 25 years (1972-97), electronic messages moving through private networks have replaced paper for most of the value exchanged among banks each day. With the arrival of the Internet as a mass market data network, new technologies and business models are being developed to facilitate electronic credit and debit transfers by ordinary consumers. These new systems include CyberCash (which is a gateway between the Internet and the authorization networks of the major credit cards) and the Secure Electronic Transactions protocol (a standard for presenting credit card transactions on the Internet), as well as First Virtual (a way of using e-mail to secure approval for credit card purchases of information), GC Tech (a payment system that can use credit or debit via an intermediation server), and NetBill (a public private key encryption system for purchasing information).
Intra-mobility for Hospital Wireless Sensor Networks Based on 6LoWPAN (2010)

Low-power personal area networks (LoWPANs) are still in its early stage of development, but the range of conceivable usage scenarios is tremendous. The numerous possible applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) make obvious that mesh and multi-technology topologies will be prevalent in LoWPAN environments and mobility support will be a necessity. Mobility based communication can prolong the lifetime of devices and increase the connectivity between nodes and clusters. Using distributed LoWPANs is possible to sculpt the devices density to cluster around areas of interest, cover large areas, and work more efficiently. The required mobility is heavily dependent on the individual service scenario and the LoWPAN architecture, for that reason in this paper is defined a mobility protocol for clinical environments. This paper presents an intra-mobility protocol for Hospital Wireless Sensor Networks based on 6LoWPAN, where we have defined a protocol optimized for our continuous vital signs monitoring architecture. This protocol presents how to exploit the other elements of the architecture with high capacity and resources (6LoWPAN Border Router, gateways etc.) to reduce latency, power consumption and the number of interchanged messages with respect to other solutions such as Mobile IP (MIPv6).
Multiple indexing in an electronic Kanji dictionary (2004)

Kanji dictionaries, which need to present a large number of complex characters in an order that makes them accessible by users, traditionally use several indexing techniques that are particularly suited to the printed medium. Electronic dictionary technology provides the opportunity of both introducing new indexing techniques that are not feasible with printed dictionaries, and also allowing a wide range of index methods with each dictionary. It also allows dictionaries to be interfaced at the character level with documents and applications, thus removing much of the requirement for complex index methods. This paper surveys the traditional indexing methods, introduces some of the new indexing techniques that have become available with electronic kanji dictionaries, and reports on an analysis of the index usage patterns in a major WWW-based electronic kanji dictionary. This is believed to be the first such analysis conducted and reported.
The Simulation of Moving Sound Sources (1977)

A digital computer was used to generate four channels of information, which are recorded on a tape recorder. The computer program provides control over the apparent location and movement of a synthesized sound in an illusory acoustical space. The method controls the distribution and amplitude of direct and reverberant signals between the loudspeakers to provide the angular and distance information and introduces a Doppler shift to enhance velocity information. 1.
A 2.68mW/Gbps, 1.62-8.1Gb/s Receiver for Embedded DisplayPort Version1.4b to Support 14dB Channel Loss (2020)

This paper proposes a low power wire-line receiver supporting embedded DisplayPort (eDP) 1.4b standard. The proposed receiver (Rx) operates with data rate of 1.62-8.1Gbps and supports 14dB channel loss at 8.1Gbps while meeting required Jitter Tolerance (JTOL) performance of bit error rate (BER) less than 10e-9 for TPS4 and PRBS7 data patterns. Implemented continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) supports edge based channel-equalization. Highly programmable analog front end (AFE) and clock data recovery (CDR) circuits guarantee operation across wide range of data rate while keeping the power consumption at optimum. The receiver supports 5000ppm down spread spectrum clocking (SSC) and 1500ppm frequency offset. Proposed receiver supports low power states and fast wakeup time in physical layer (PHY) to support Panel Self Refresh (PSR) and Self Refresh with Selective Update (PSR2) features of eDP standard. The test chip is fabricated in 10nm CMOS technology node and consists of 4 lanes and 1 PLL. Receiver consumes overall 2.68mW/Gbps/Lane at 8.1Gbps from 0.75V core supply and 1.2V of IO supply. Each lane is made shore line optimized with width of 135um and area of each lane of receiver is 0.12 mm2.
Flexural Properties of Brittle Multilayer Materials: I, Modeling (1994)

Multilayer systems comprising brittle materials can exhibit substantially different behaviors under flexural and tensile loadings. The present article addresses the origins of such differences, with emphasis on the modeling of the flexural stress–strain response. Systems with both a deterministic tensile strength and a distribution in strengths (characterized by Weibull statistics) are considered. The model predictions show that both the ultimate strength and strain‐to‐failure in flexure exceed the corresponding values in uniaxial tension. In addition, systems comprising alternating layers of two different materials are examined, and disparities in the flexural and tensile behaviors addressed.
A compendium of formal techniques for software maintenance (1993)

Software maintenance is an important area in practical software engineering that has been largely overlooked by many theoretical computer scientists. This paper gives an overview of formal techniques developed recently to aid the software maintenance process, and in particular reverse engineering and re-engineering. In the future, it is suggested that specifications, rather than programs, should be maintained. The described work provides a mathematical basis for a large collaborative project, which has also been investigating many other aspects of software maintenance.