gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femoral Rollback After Cruciate-Retaining and Stabilizing Total Knee Arthroplasty (2003)

Limited data comparing the kinematics of posterior cruciate ligament-retaining or substituting total knee arthroplasty with its own intact knee under identical loadings is available. In the current study, posterior femoral translation of the lateral and medial femoral condyles under unloaded conditions was examined for intact, cruciate-retaining, cruciate ligament-deficient cruciate-retaining and posterior-substituting knee arthroplasties. Cruciate-retaining and substituting total knee arthroplasties behaved similarly to the cruciate-deficient cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty between 0 degrees and 30 degrees flexion. Beyond 30 degrees, the posterior cruciate-retaining arthroplasty showed a significant increase in posterior translation of both femoral condyles. The posterior cruciate-substituting arthroplasty only showed a significant increase in posterior femoral translation after 90 degrees. At 120 degrees, both arthroplasties restored approximately 80% of that of the native knee. Posterior translation of the lateral femoral condyle was greater than that observed in the medial condyle for all knees, indicating the presence of internal tibial rotation during knee flexion. The data showed that the posterior cruciate ligament is an important structure in posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty and proper balancing is imperative to the success of the implant. The cam-spine engagement is valuable in restoring posterior femoral translation in posterior cruciate-substituting total knee arthroplasty.
Applications of High Throughput Microsomal Stability Assay in Drug Discovery (2008)

High throughput in vitro microsomal stability assays are widely used in drug discovery as an indicator for in vivo stability, which affects pharmacokinetics. This is based on in-depth research involving a limited number of model drug-like compounds that are cleared predominantly by cytochrome P450 metabolism. However, drug discovery compounds are often not drug-like, are assessed with high throughput assays, and have many potential uncharacterized in vivo clearance mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to determine the correlation between high throughput in vitro microsomal stability data and abbreviated discovery in vivo pharmacokinetics study data for a set of drug discovery compounds in order to have evidence for how the in vitro assay can be reliably applied by discovery teams for making critical decisions. In this study the relationship between in vitro single time point high throughput microsomal stability and in vivo clearance from abbreviated drug discovery pharmacokinetics studies was examined using 306 real world drug discovery compounds. The results showed that in vitro Phase I microsomal stability t(1/2) is significantly correlated to in vivo clearance with a p-value<0.001. For compounds with low in vitro rat microsomal stability (t(1/2)<15 min), 87% showed high clearance in vivo (CL>25 mL/min/kg). This demonstrates that high throughput microsomal stability data are very effective in identifying compounds with significant clearance liabilities in vivo. For compounds with high in vitro rat microsomal stability (t(1/2)>15 min), no significant differentiation was observed between high and low clearance compounds. This is likely owing to other clearance pathways, in addition to cytochrome P450 metabolism that enhances in vivo clearance. This finding supports the strategy used by medicinal chemists and drug discovery teams of applying the in vitro data to triage compounds for in vivo PK and efficacy studies and guide structural modification to improve metabolic stability. When in vitro and in vivo data are both available for a compound, potential in vivo clearance pathways can be diagnosed to guide further discovery studies.
Inhibition of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α expression by IL-10. Differential sensitivities in human blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages (1995)

IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by monocytes and T cells that has potent inhibitory effects on monocyte/macrophage function. Because monocytes and macrophages are capable of releasing the C-C chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), which is a potent chemoattractant for activated T cells, we studied the effects of IL-10 on the expression of MIP-1 alpha in these cells. Low levels of MIP-1 alpha were detectable in resting monocytes and macrophages. Both LPS (1 micrograms/ml) and IL-1 beta (10 ng/ml) induced the expression of MIP-1 alpha mRNA and the release of MIP-1 alpha protein from these cells. The addition of exogenous human rIL-10 inhibited induced MIP-1 alpha mRNA expression as well as the release of MIP-1 alpha protein measured after 24 h. This inhibition was significantly higher in monocytes compared with alveolar macrophages. In monocytes, IL-10-induced inhibition of MIP-1 alpha was only partially accounted for by alterations in mRNA stability and was dependent on de novo protein synthesis. In the presence of an anti-human IL-10-neutralizing Ab, the release of MIP-1 alpha induced by LPS and IL-1 beta was further enhanced in monocytes but unchanged in alveolar macrophages. MIP-1 alpha mRNA was also increased in monocytes. There was no detectable release of IL-10 from alveolar macrophages after LPS or IL-1 beta in contrast to modest amounts released from monocytes. Thus, IL-10 is an inhibitor of the induced transcription of MIP-1 alpha mRNA and of the release of MIP-1 alpha protein, with a greater effect on monocytes as compared with alveolar macrophages. IL-10 may indirectly regulate effects on cells such as activated T lymphocytes partly through the inhibition of MIP-1 alpha expression from monocytes and macrophages.
Neural probabilistic topic modeling of short and messy text (2016)

Exploring massive amount of user generated data with topics posits a new way to find useful information. The topics are assumed to be “hidden” and must be “uncovered” by statistical methods such as topic modeling. However, the user generated data is typically short and messy e.g. informal chat conversations, heavy use of slang words and “noise” which could be URL’s or other forms of pseudo-text. This type of data is difficult to process for most natural language processing methods, including topic modeling. This thesis attempts to find the approach that objectively give the better topics from short and messy text in a comparative study. The compared approaches are latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), Re-organized LDA (RO-LDA), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) with distributed representation of words, and a new approach based on previous work named Neural Probabilistic Topic Modeling (NPTM). It could only be concluded that NPTM have a tendency to achieve better topics on short and messy text than LDA and RO-LDA. GMM on the other hand could not produce any meaningful results at all. The results are less conclusive since NPTM suffers from long running times which prevented enough samples to be obtained for a statistical test.
<title>Integrated color management: the key to color control in electronic imaging and graphic systems</title> (1991)

The continuing evolution of color in both established and new electronic imaging and graphics markets plus the parallel growth of user expectation resulting in the demand for WYSIWYG color across devices points directly to the need for a unified color management approach that addresses the complex and multi-level requirements of system implementors, application and hardware vendors, as well as users. Such a system should provide extensible, device- and computing platform-independent access to state of the art color functionality. The principal elements of such an integrated system are discussed.
<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>Lipopolysaccharide Modulates the Specific Humoral Immune Response to Neisserial Porins but Has No Effect on Porin-Induced Upregulation of Costimulatory Ligand B7-2 (2001)

The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the specific humoral response to meningococcal porins was investigated by measuring anti-PorA or -PorB antibody levels in mice immunized with wild-type meningococcal strain H44/76 or with its recently described LPS-negative mutant. Two murine strains were used for these immunizations: C3H/HeJ, which is LPS hyporesponsive, or C3H/HeOuJ, which is LPS responsive. A high level of anti-PorB immunoglobulin G (IgG) response was induced in both strains of mice immunized with either organism. The response induced by the wild-type strain was greater in C3H/HeOuJ mice than in C3H/HeJ mice, while the response induced by the LPS-negative mutant was similar in the two murine strains. Additionally, the anti-PorB response was similar in C3H/HeJ mice immunized with either bacterial strain. In general, the anti-PorA IgG response was lower than the anti-PorB response. These findings indicate that the presence of LPS is not essential for the induction of an antineisserial porin humoral response but can augment such a response. To determine whether LPS has any effect on the B-cell-stimulatory effect of neisserial porins (essential for the adjuvant activity of neisserial porins), B cells from both murine strains were incubated with outer membrane complexes (OMCs) prepared from strain H44/76 and its LPS-negative mutant. OMCs from either meningococcal strain were able to increase the surface expression of the costimulatory ligand B7-2 on B cells from either murine strain. Consistent with previously reported findings, LPS does not significantly affect the ability of neisserial porins to induce the costimulatory ligand B7-2.
Microstructure and Properties of Self‐Reinforced Silicon Nitride (1993)

Problems associated with manufacturing Si 3 N 4 /SiC‐whisker composites have been overcome by developing selfreinforced Si 3 N 4 with elongated β‐Si 3 N 4 grains formed in situ from oxynitride glass. This Si 3 N 4 –Y 2 O 3 –MgO–SiO 2 –CaO‐based material has a flexure strength >1000 MPa and fracture toughness >8 MPa·m ½ . The optimum combination of mechanical properties has been obtained with Y 2 O 3 :MgO ratios ranging from 3:1 to 1:2, CaO contents ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, and Si 3 N 4 contents between 90 and 96 wt%.
The Roles of pH and Ionic Species in Sulfur Dioxide- and Sulfite-Induced Bronchoconstriction (1987)

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfites are well-described causes of bronchoconstriction in persons with asthma that are chemically related and, therefore, may share a common mechanism of action. When either sulfur species dissolves in aqueous solutions, a pH-dependent equilibrium is established predominantly among bisulfite ion (HSO3-), sulfite ion (SO3=), and SO2. In addition, hydrogen ions may be released. To assess the relative bronchoconstricting potencies of these chemical forms and the role of acidity caused by the release of hydrogen ions in SO2- and sulfite-induced bronchoconstriction, we administered to 10 asthmatic subjects nebulized sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) solutions at pH 9 containing 95% sulfite, at pH 6.6 containing 80% bisulfite, and at pH 4 containing 99% bisulfite but greater than an order of magnitude more SO2 than the pH 6.6 solutions. Subjects inhaled increasing concentrations of aerosolized Na2SO3 at each pH during 1 min of tidal breathing. Subjects also breathed buffered acetic acid aerosols with the same acidity of the pH 4 Na2SO3 solutions to control for the airway effects of acid aerosols. To assess sensitivity to SO2 gas, subjects inhaled increasing concentrations of SO2 during eucapneic hyperpnea. Bronchoconstrictor response was assessed by measuring specific airway resistance (SRaw) before and after each challenge. Nine of the 10 subjects developed bronchoconstriction after inhaling the Na2SO3 aerosols at all 3 levels of pH and the SO2 gas. The mean concentration of Na2SO3 solution calculated to increase SRaw by 100% above baseline was significantly different (p less than 0.01) at the various levels of pH: pH 4 (0.17 mg/ml) less than pH 6.6 (0.49 mg/ml) less than pH 9 (2.10 mg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
“現代夢” 的別樣回聲 : 鄉村建設的資源與矛盾 (2011)

本文嘗試結合歷史和當代兩波鄉村建設實踐，在具體歷史脈絡下重新加以“複雜化”，反思“鄉村建設—現代化”這一常見的二元對立假設，分析討論鄉村建設具體行動背後的三類思想資源：現代化、“反現代性”的現代性、本土思想與傳統資源。正是在這些充滿張力的思想資源影響下，當中國傳統鄉土社會面對西方現代化的巨大衝擊而急速轉型時，作為社會“自我保護運動”的鄉村建設、鄉土社會和現代化之間存在著多重衝突與複雜互動，這些矛盾混雜交錯、相互轉化。也因此，鄉村建設存在著在現代化中“實踐出”另類現代化的多種可能性。
Drop formation from a vibrating orifice generator driven by modulated electrical signals (1997)

The recently introduced technique of amplitude-modulated (AM) excitation of laminar liquid jets to produce drops by controlled Rayleigh-type jet disintegration is extended to frequency modulation (FM) and investigated in detail to quantify the available ranges of excitation wavenumbers and modulation depths for various jet velocities and liquids. The AM and FM techniques are compared regarding the achievable ratios of carrier and modulation frequencies. The modulated excitation is applied to a vibrating orifice drop generator (TSI Inc.). Four different drop formation processes are observed for different wavenumber domains. Experiments with three different Newtonian liquids and a dimensional analysis yield a generalized representation of the parameter windows of the technique in terms of excitation wavenumber and jet velocity for a wide range of liquid viscosity and surface tension.
Effect of Simultaneous Consumption of Milk and Coffee on Chlorogenic Acids’ Bioavailability in Humans (2011)

Different studies have shown that milk may interact with polyphenols and affect their bioavailability in humans. The present study investigated the effect of the simultaneous consumption of coffee and milk on the urinary excretion of chlorogenic acids (CGA) and metabolites. Subjects were submitted to consumption of water, instant coffee (609 mmol of CGA) dissolved in water, and instant coffee dissolved in whole milk. Urine was collected for 24 h after consumption of each treatment for analysis of CGA and metabolites by HPLC/LC-MS. The amount of CGA and metabolites recovered after consumption of combined coffee-milk (40% ± 27%) was consistently lower in all subjects compared to that of coffee alone (68% ± 20%). Concluding, the simultaneous consumption of milk and coffee may impair the bioavailability of coffee CGA in humans.
Computer Image Analysis of Ultrasound Images for Discriminating and Grading Liver Parenchyma Disease Employing a Hierarchical Decision Tree Scheme and the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network Classifier (1997)

Differential diagnosis of liver parenchyma disease and grading of the hepatic disease on ultrasound is a common radiological problem that influences patient management. The aim of this study was to apply image analysis methods on ultrasound images for discriminating liver cirrhosis from fatty liver infiltration and for grading hepatic disease, which is important in the management of the patients. Ultrasound images of histologically confirmed 18 livers with cirrhosis, 37 livers with fatty infiltration, and 24 normal livers of healthy volunteers were selected and were digitized for further computer processing. Twenty two textural features were calculated from small matrix samples selected from the ultrasound image matrix of the liver parenchyma. These features were used in the design a three level hierarchical decision tree classification scheme, employing the multilayer perceptron neural network classifier at each hierarchical tree level. At the first tree level, classification accuracy for distinguishing normal from abnormal livers was 93.7%, at the second level the accuracy for discriminating cirrhosis from fatty infiltration was 90.9%, and at the third level the accuracy in distinguishing between low and high grading liver cirrhosis or fatty infiltration was 94.1% and 84.9% respectively. The proposed computer software system may be of value to the radiologists in assessing liver parenchyma disease.
SELENIUM IN POULTRY NUTRITION: LESSONS FROM RESEARCH AND WILD NATURE (2006)

Chick embryo tissues contain a high proportion of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipid fraction and therefore need antioxidant defence (Surai, 1999). It is well accepted that maternal diet composition is a major determinant of antioxidant system development during embryogenesis and in early postnatal development. The antioxidant system of the newly hatched chick includes the fat-soluble antioxidants, vitamin E and carotenoids, watersoluble antioxidants ascorbic acid and glutathione as well as antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px, catalase and selenium (Surai, 2002). Vitamin E and carotenoids are transferred from feed into egg yolk and further to embryonic tissues. Selenium content of the egg also depends on its concentration in the hen's diet, and also on the form of dietary Se used, since organic Se is more efficiently deposited in the egg yolk (Surai, 2006).
Long‐term Approaches to End Homelessness (1987)

Abstract Using an epidemiologic framework, this article discusses the reports of two national conferences and the literature to describe homelessness as a consequence of poverty, alcoholism, mental illness, and family turmoil; power‐lessness; and an unsupportive, hostile environment, where the demand for affordable housing exceeds the supply. Nurses are urged to advocate for legislation to create more affordable housing as the first priority of public policy, and also address other long‐term approaches to end homelessness.
Short-term adaptation in single auditory nerve fibers: some poststimulatory effects (1977)

<p>Water-hammer with column-separation induced by cavitation is investigated numerically. The vapor–water flow is modeled using the Homogeneous Equilibrium Model in conjunction with the 1984 NBS/NRC Steam Tables. The discretization is done with the quasi 1-D Finite-Volume approach recently developed by the authors for compressible flows in pipelines. The ability of the present approach to tackle cavitating flows is first assessed. Then, comparisons with experimental results of water-hammer with column-separation demonstrate consistency with the present computations. Based on the obtained numerical results, focus is given to the dynamics of the liquid column-separation and to the associated physics such as cavitation, vapor growth and collapse, generation of the secondary water-hammer peak and the interaction of the primary and secondary pressure waves. The influence of the initial flow velocity before valve closure on the duration and size of the cavity and on the magnitude of the secondary water-hammer is examined.</p>
Aldehyde—Amide Condensation. I. Reactions between Aldehydes and Acetamide (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAldehyde—Amide Condensation. I. Reactions between Aldehydes and AcetamideWilliam A. Noyes and Don B. FormanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 8, 3493–3494Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01335a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01335a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2391Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A generic solution for unwanted traffic control through trust management (2013)

The Internet has dramatically changed our daily life. But it is also bogged down by unwanted traffic, which is malicious, harmful or unexpected for its receivers. In order to control the unwanted traffic over the Internet, especially the mobile Internet, in this paper, we propose a generic unwanted traffic control (UTC) solution through trust management. It can control unwanted traffic from its source to destinations in a personalized manner according to trust evaluation at a Global Trust Operator, traffic and behavior analysis at hosts and traffic observation in the Internet. Thus, it can conduct UTC by integrating distributed and centralized functions and supporting both defensive and offensive approaches. Simulation based evaluation shows that the solution is effective with regard to accuracy and efficiency for botnet intrusion and DDoS intrusion via reflectors. It is also robust against a number of malicious system attacks, such as hide evidence attack, bad mouthing attack, on-off attack, malicious attack by an Internet Service Provider and combinations of the above, playing in conjunction with traffic intrusions. Meanwhile, the solution can provide a personalized UTC based on unwanted traffic detection behaviors.
Design of a multimodal rendering system (2002)

This paper addresses the rendering of aligned regular multimodal datasets. It presents a general framework of multimodal data fusion that includes several data merging methods. We also analyze the requirements of a rendering system able to provide these different fusion methods. On the basis of these requirements, we propose a novel design for a multimodal rendering system. The design has been implemented and proved showing to be efficient and flexible.
Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of the Calcium Channel Blocker Nicardipine on Microglial Cells: Implications for Neuroprotection (2014)

The present study is the first to report a novel inhibitory role of nicardipine on neuroinflammation and provides a new candidate agent for the development of therapies for inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Development of fibrin gel-microgroove model for microvascularization by endothelial cells (2015)

This study was performed to develop a new experimental device with a fibrin gel-microgroove structure for study of microvascularization by endothelial cells (ECs). The effects of the width of microgrooves, initial cell seeding density and a supplementation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on in vitro microvasculaization of ECs were examined. ECs were cultured in a fibrin gel formed on a polydimethylsiloxane microgroove substrate, with the microgroove width of 50, 100, 150 and 200 μm. ECs were elongated and sprouted within the gel in all the four types of microgrooves. In addition, multicellular network by connected cell branches were frequently observed in 100-μm microgrooves. Both high initial cell density and VEGF demonstrated significant promotional effects on morphology changes. The findings indicate that microgroove structure serves as a geometrical constraint for ECs, with a promotional effect on angiogenic responses of ECs, and thus, it can be used as an experimental model in the study of in vitro vascularization.