gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elipse, the first procedureless gastric balloon for weight loss: a prospective, observational, open-label, multicenter study (2016)

<b>Background and study aims</b> Conventional gastric balloons for weight loss require endoscopy for placement and removal. The Elipse device is swallowed, resides in the stomach for 4 months, and is then expelled. The objectives of this study were to assess the safety of Elipse and to measure its effects on weight loss, metabolic parameters, and quality of life. <b>Methods</b> Each participant swallowed one Elipse device, which was filled with 550 mL of filling fluid through a thin delivery catheter that was then removed. Weight was measured every 2 weeks, and metabolic parameters and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at trial exit. <b>Results</b> 34 patients, with a mean body mass index of 34.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, were enrolled. All 34 patients successfully swallowed the Elipse device. All adverse events were either self-limiting or resolved with medication. All balloons were safely excreted. At 4 months, the mean percent total body weight loss was 10 %. Mean waist circumference was reduced by 8.4 cm. Improvements were also seen in hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, and blood pressure. At trial exit, quality of life measures had improved across all domains. <b>Conclusion</b> These results demonstrate clinically significant weight loss with the Elipse, the first procedureless gastric balloon. The weight loss was similar to that seen in previous studies of endoscopically placed balloons. In addition, Elipse therapy led to improvements in waist circumference, several metabolic parameters, and overall quality of life.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 02802007.
Agile detection of framing rhetoric in social media (2012)

A frame in social theory is a schema of interpretation that individuals rely upon to understand and respond to events. Collective action frames are persuasive communications constructed during mobilization campaigns, frequently to call attention to a perceived problem or issue, itemize steps to resolve the issue, and motivate others regarding the issue's urgency and the importance of taking action [e.g. 1]. There is substantial empirical evidence that framing rhetoric influences the success or failure of social movements, and that movement members are increasingly relying upon social media to communicate their frames. Consequently, there is considerable interest within the security informatics community to develop methods for detecting framing rhetoric in social (and other) media [2]. Particularly valuable would be computational methods capable of distinguishing framing from non-framing content using only limited labeled examples of framing discourse, because generating such labels typically requires experienced analysts and is an expensive and time-consuming undertaking.
Design and Implementation of an Active Warden Addressing Protocol Switching Covert Channels (2012)

Network covert channels enable a policy-breaking network communication (e.g., within botnets). Within the last years, new covert channel techniques occurred which are based on the capability of protocol switching. There are currently no means available to counter these new techniques. In this paper we present the first approach to effectively limit the bandwidth of such covert channels by introducing a new active warden. We present a calculation method for the bandwidth of these channels in case the active warden is used. Additionally, we discuss implementation details and we evaluate the practical usefulness of our technique.
Evaluation of dicationic reagents for their use in detection of anions using positive ion mode ESI-MS via gas phase ion association (2007)

Twenty-three different dications were investigated for their effectiveness in pairing with singly charged anions, thereby allowing the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection of anions as positively charged complexes. Nitrate, iodide, cyanate, monochloroacetate, benzenesulfonate, and perfluoro-octanoate were chosen as representative test anions as they differ in mass, size-to-charge ratio, chaotropic nature, and overall complexity. Detection limits were found using direct injection of the anion into a carrier liquid containing the dication. Detection limits are given for all six anions with each of the 23 dications. Each anion was easily detected at the ppb (microg/L) and often the ppt (ng/L) levels using certain dicationic reagents. The ability of dicationic reagents to pair with anions and produce ESI-MS signals varied tremendously. Indeed, only a few dications can be considered broadly useful and able to produce sensitive results. Liquid chromatography (LC)-ESI-MS also was investigated and used to show how varying the dicationic reagent produced significantly different peak intensities. Also, the use of tandem mass spectrometry can lead to even greater sensitivity when using imidazolium based dications.
Tunable optical properties of multilayer black phosphorus thin films (2014)

Black phosphorus thin films might offer attractive alternatives to narrow-gap compound semiconductors for optoelectronics across mid- to near-infrared frequencies. In this work, we calculate the optical conductivity tensor of multilayer black phosphorus thin films using the Kubo formula within an effective low-energy Hamiltonian. The optical absorption spectra of multilayer black phosphorus are shown to vary sensitively with thickness, doping, and light polarization. In conjunction with experimental spectra obtained from infrared absorption spectroscopy, we also discuss the role of interband coupling and disorder on the observed anisotropic absorption spectra.
Assessment of effects of different language in VOIP (2008)

This paper investigates the effects of different language on speech quality in voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) scenarios. We carry out comprehensive experiment to investigate how different languages(English, Chinese) effects on perceived voice quality on different VOIP system factors, which include different kind of delay distribution, codec and packet loss level. Since present-day VOIP speech quality prediction or evaluation models always based on English language, the coefficient or the formula of these model are not really fit VOIP environment in our country. A new parameter relate to language is added to E-Model (ITU G.107). The enhanced E-Model achieves an improved measurement accuracy under different talker condition.
Multivariable cardiorespiratory monitoring at home: collaborative home infant monitoring evaluation (CHIME) (2002)

Infants at low and increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) from five clinical centers in the United States are being studied at home using a cardiorespiratory monitor that stores physiologic data surrounding detected events and normative data unrelated to events. The monitor records breathing waveforms by inductance plethysmography (IP), and transthoracic impedance (TTT), ECG, beat-beat heart rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and times of monitor use. Comparisons with simultaneously recorded overnight polysomnograms (PSG) in hospital validated the ability of this device to detect cardiorespiratory events including upper airway obstruction. Parental compliance in using this complicated instrument is slightly lower than that reported for conventional home cardiorespiratory monitors.
Compensation for inter-frame correlations in speaker diarization and recognition (2013)

In this paper, we introduce the concept of the effective sample size to speaker diarization and recognition. We show why the use of the nominal sample size is inadequate to feature streams that exhibit inter-frame correlations and how it adversely affects inference. We then discuss the effective sample size, that is the sample size of a set of independent observations that carry the equivalent amount of statistical information about the model parameters and how the scaling factor can be estimated. Our experiments on speaker diarization show that once the effective sample size is adopted, state-of-the-art results can be attained even with single Gaussians and Hierarchical Clustering, and even when the scaling factor is set to be common for all utterances. On speaker recognition, encouraging results are reported on NIST-2010 using iVectors and PLDA.
Azobenzene-Containing Monolayer with Photoswitchable Wettability (2005)

A compact monolayer containing azobenzene has been prepared on silicon substrates. The elaboration route consisted of covalent grafting of freshly synthesized azobenzene moieties onto an isocyanate-functionalized self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The highly packed and ordered isocyanate-functionalized SAM and the azobenzene-functionalized SAM were monitored and characterized by contact angle measurements and X-ray reflectivity (XR). Photoswitching of the wettability of the film induced by the reversible cis-trans isomerization of the azobenzene chromophores is experimentally shown from water and olive oil contact angle measurements.
Performance Evaluation of Fault-Tolerant Neutral-Point-Clamped Converters (2009)

This paper presents a study of the fault tolerance capacity of a neutral-point-clamped converter. Different faults in power semiconductors are considered, and the available postfault states of the converter are shown. In regard of the operation limits, two possible solutions are presented. In these solutions, adding a reduced number of additional components, the behavior of the converter when a switch fails improves considerably. Furthermore, an analysis of the neutral-point voltage balancing conditions after a fault and reconfiguration of the system is also evaluated. Experimental results that prove the correct operation of the proposed topologies are shown.
Forces between like-charged walls immersed in electrolyte solution (2009)

The effects of a molecular solvent on the forces between two infinite like-charged walls immersed in aqueous electrolyte solution are investigated. The solution models are chosen such that the numerical solution of accurate anisotropic integral equation theories is possible, and the anisotropic hypernetted-chain (AHNC) approximation is used in the present calculations. The resulting average particle densities and the pair correlation functions are used to analyze the force acting between the walls in detail. Mixtures of neutral hard-sphere solvent particles and counterions are employed to investigate the influence of the finite size of the solvent molecules. At wall separations of a few solvent diameters, even at relatively high surface charge and moderate solvent density, the ionic contribution to the force tends to be dominated by the hard-core or packing component. If the ions and solvent particles are of equal size, then the net pressure between the walls can be reasonably well approximated by adding the pressures of pure one-component ionic and solvent systems. However, if the ion and solvent diameters are significantly different, the pressure curve is more complex, and the hard-core component must be evaluated for a mixture of neutral hard spheres. The interaction of the walls is also investigated at the McMillan-Mayer (MM) level of description. In these models, the solvent is not represented by discrete particles but exerts its influence through solvent-averaged ion-ion potentials of mean force which serve as effective potentials. The approximations involved in applying MM theory to the inhomogeneous slit system are discussed. The wall-wall interactions obtained can differ dramatically from the primitive model (dielectric continuum solvent) case. Most interestingly, at the MM level, the force between like-charged walls at small separations and with realistic surface charges can be attractive for monovalent counterions, which is due to solvent effects on the effective counterion-counterion interaction. Several ion-ion potentials of mean force for "realistic" models for Na+ and CI- in water are available in the literature. We find that the forces strongly depend on the model employed and different models for the same ion can give qualitatively different results. To construct a self-consistent model, ion-wall potentials of mean force must also be considered. Typical model ion-wall potentials show an additional counterion attraction towards the walls. Incorporation of these wall potentials yields an overall increase of the attraction between the walls. The possible relevance of our observations in the interpretation of experimental force measurements is briefly discussed.
Bridging the Generation Gap (2007)

Generational differences will always exist among nurses and patients. However, with our limited resources, the aging of our patient population, and increased longevity, it is pivotal that we identify effective strategies to transcend generational differences that may compromise patient care. By joining forces, we can maximize our knowledge and skills and in the process enhance our ability to value the contribution of these generational differences to improve quality nursing care and rehabilitation practice. Although the solutions may not be simple, we must persist in discovering creative solutions to overcome the multiple conflicts emerging from patient and nursing generational differences.
MOTION BASED OBJECT DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION FOR NIGHT SURVEILLANCE (2012)

This paper describes a simple technique for object detection and temporal data association of thermal image sequences. Night surveillance system using thermal imaging involves object detection, temporal data association and tracking of object. Object detection could be motion based or feature based. The temporal data association in multi-object classification involves finding the minimum distances between an object in current frame to the objects in previous frame. A performance comparison is made between two techniques for object detection based on timing constraints and qualitative analysis. The second method proposed clearly outperforms the first in terms of timing. Target classification using neural network dynamically identifies the moving object. Implementation is done using MATLAB software.
Ceramic Processing before Firing (1978)

Provides a systematic scientific basis for understanding and controlling the processing of powders and ceramic bodies. Applies a wide range of analytical tools for characterizing agglomerate features throughout the processing steps. Contains electron and optical micrographs and discusses the improvement of product reliability, reduction of costs, and energy and environmental concerns.
Glucocorticoids Play a Fundamental Role in Protecting the Brain during Innate Immune Response (2003)

The innate immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the host against infectious microorganisms. An inappropriate control of this system may have profound consequences, because of the maintained production of specific proinflammatory molecules. Glucocorticoids are the most efficient endogenous molecules that provide negative feedback on proinflammatory signaling and gene expression. Here we show that activation of this system is not detrimental for the brain but a profound neurodegeneration takes place in animals treated with the glucocorticoid receptor inhibitor Mifepristone (RU486). This drug increased the inflammatory reaction induced by a single intracerebral bolus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) totally abolished the neurotoxic effect of the endotoxin, and chronic infusion of the cytokine mimicked the treatment combining RU486 and LPS. The neuronal damage caused by TNF-alpha is dependent on both nitric oxide and caspase pathways. In controlling the cerebral innate immunity and microglial TNF-alpha production, glucocorticoids play a major role in protecting the brain against bacterial cell wall components.
Classification and biological nature of established human hematopoietic cell lines (1975)

Over 200 established human hematopoietic cell lines of normal and malignant origin have been investigated by morphological and functional parameters. Employing morphology as the overriding parameter four types of lines were identified. (1) Lymphoblastoid cell lines, derived from normal and neoplastic hematopoietic tissue, were characterized by the wide morphologic flexibility of individual lymphoblastoid cells, constant association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), polyclonal derivation, differentiation for immunoglobulin production (secretion) and their diploids. (2) Lymphoma cell lines. This type of line was established at a high frequency from Burkitt's lymphoma and rarely from other types of lymphoma, but never from patients without malignancy or with non-lymphoma malignancies. Important characteristics were morphologic stereotypia within each line, monoclonal derivation, common but not obligatory association with EBV, variability in the expression of Ig synthesis (no production, or membrane bound Ig, or secretion) and aneuploidy. (3) Myeloma cell lines could only rarely be obtained from patients with myeloma. The basis for classification of these lines is their production of Ig identical to the myeloma protein in vitro. Other important distinguishing features were: plasma cell morphology, absence of EBV and aneuploidy. (4) The leukemia cell line (MOLT 4) was the only line with T-cell characteristics and was easily distinguished from the other types. Important characteristics were a typical surface ultrastructure, absence of EBV and absence of immunoglobulin production, Individual lymphoblastoid lines were in principle identical whereas each line of the other three types had its own characteristic profile. The phenotypic characteristics of the lymphoblastoid lines were very stable during prolonged serial cultivation. Only in a few cases were secondary chromosomal, functional or morphologic alterations noted. We conclude that EBV-carrying lymphoblastoid lines can be obtained from non-neoplastic precursor cells from healthy as well as from diseased individuals. Lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia lines are only obtained from the respective neoplastic tissue but generally at a low frequency. With the exception of Burkitt's lymphoma, malignant hematopoietic tissue and leukemia frequently give rise to established cell lines in vitro of the lymphoblastoid type rather than lines derived from the neoplastic cells;
Sources of Monolith Catalytic Converter Pressure Loss (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Pressure-loss characteristics of a variety of single- and double-substrate metal-foil and ceramic-substrate converters with tapered and truncated inlet and outlet headers were measured in room-air flow, hot-gas flow, and engine-exhaust tests. Test data in the three different media correlated with the inlet-pipe Reynolds number when expressed as a loss coefficient, i.e., pressure loss normalized by the inlet-pipe dynamic head. Because restriction measurements made in different media correlate well as a Reynolds number-dependent loss coefficient, inexpensive room-air test data can be used to estimate converter pressure losses in the engine environment. The normalized losses in the substrate varied inversely with inlet-pipe Reynolds number, ranging from, e.g., 6 at Re = 30 000 to 2 at Re = 200 000. The remainder of the losses occurred in the inlet and outlet headers and in the section between the substrates. Normalized losses in the headers were essentially independent of Reynolds number and constituted a third of the total restriction at moderate flows and half of the total restriction at very high flows. A normalized loss of 0.2 was associated with flow adjustment in the center section between substrates in double-substrate converters. The pressure loss introduced by truncating both the inlet and the outlet headers was small, only 4-6% of the total restriction. Offsetting the outlet pipe by 20 mm increased the restriction by 2-6%.</div>
A new maximum power point tracker of photovoltaic arrays using fuzzy controller (2002)

Studies on photovoltaic systems are increasing because of a large, secure, essentially exhaustible and broadly available resource as a future energy supply. However, the output power induced in the photovoltaic modules is influenced by an intensity of solar cell radiation, temperature of the solar cells and so on. Therefore, to maximize the efficiency of the renewable energy system, it is necessary to track the maximum power point of the input source. In this paper, a new maximum power point tracker (MPPT) using fuzzy set theory is proposed to improve energy conversion efficiency. A fuzzy algorithm based on linguistic rules describing the operator's control strategy is applied to control the step-up converter for the MPPT. Fuzzy logic control based on coarse and fine mode has been incorporated in order to reduce not only the time required to track the maximum power point but also the fluctuation of power. The MPPT algorithm is implemented by a 16 bit single chip 80C196KB microcontroller. Simulation and experimental results show that performance of the fuzzy controller in a maximum power tracking of a photovoltaic array is better than that of controller based upon the hill climbing method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Petroleum Systems Modeling in Amudarya Basin (2016)

Abstract The present paper describes the results of petroleum systems modeling of Amudarya basin, which includes Bukhara and Chardzhou structural steps. The main purpose of the study is assessment of the quality of available data for the basin modeling, the description of the elements of petroleum systems, the history of source rock maturation and possible hydrocarbon migration routes, and recommendations for the required data. There are two main source rocks in the Amudarya basin of Lower-Middle Jurassic and Upper Jurassic age, which correspond to type III and type II kerogen, respectively. The main reservoirs are carbonate structures of Oxfordian age and clastic rocks of the Cretaceous age. Caprock is a salt-anhydrite formation of Tithonian age, which acts as reliable regional seal. As the result of the study, 1D models of Bukhara and Chardzhou steps and a 2D model through Gazli and Shurtan fields, showing the transformation ratio of kerogen and hydrocarbon migration routes, were obtained. Modeling was performed on petroleum systems modeling software. The results were calibrated with temperature and vitrinite reflectance data, where possible. The ability of the model to predict accumulations in the existing fields was tested. The main elements of petroleum systems have good quality and the basin may contain up to 1.1 to 1.4 TCM of undiscovered gas. The authors believe that the potential of the Amudarya basin has not been exhausted, and there is the need for extensive and detailed basin modeling studies to identify the most perspective areas for further exploration.