gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of safe and effective nonviral gene therapy by eliminating CpG motifs from plasmid DNA vector (2012)

Nonviral gene therapy is expected to become a regular treatment for a variety of difficult-to-treat diseases, such as cancer and virus infection. Plasmid DNA, which is used in most nonviral gene delivery systems, usually contains, unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotides, so called CpG motifs. CpG motifs are recognized by immune cells as a danger signal, leading to an inflammatory response. Such inflammatory responses could affect the safety and effectiveness of nonviral gene therapy. Therefore, reducing the number of CpG motifs in plasmid DNA has been used to increase the potency of plasmid DNA-based gene therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated that CpG reduction can extend the time period of transgene expression from plasmid DNA after in vivo gene transfer. In this review, the biological functions of the CpG motif are briefly summarized. Then, safety issues of nonviral gene therapy are discussed from the viewpoint of the inflammatory response to the CpG motif in plasmid DNA, and the effects of the CpG motif in plasmid DNA on the transgene expression profile of nonviral gene transfer are reviewed.
Familial Breast Cancer (2009)

Breast conservation after induction treatment was higher in BRmut+ tumors, and clinical response was related to aggressive tumor features correlated with BRCA1/2 mutations. This suggests that impaired repair mechanisms related to the BRCA1/2 mutations increased the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of large breast cancers. Further studies will need to determine the long-term outcome in these patients.
The determination of the sequences present in the shadow bands of a dinucleotide repeat PCR (1993)

A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of a DNA sequence containing a CA repeat produces a main band but also several shadow bands that differ by 2 base pairs below the main band. In the experiments described in this paper, these shadow bands were excised from a DNA sequencing gel and directly sequenced. It was found that the sequence in the CA repeat was ambiguous. However, the sequence 5' and 3' to the CA repeat was clear and unambiguous. It is proposed that the shadow bands are generated by 2 base pair random deletions in the CA repeat region. During this process the sequence becomes 'scrambled' only in the CA repeat region. The shadow bands were shown to occur during the PCR since the genomic DNA template did not contain the shadow bands. It is probable that the shadow bands arise by slippage during the PCR. It is predicted that a thermostable DNA polymerase with a high processivity would greatly reduce the occurrence of shadow bands.
Estimating computer communication network performance using network simulations (1985)

A generalized queueing model simulation of store-and-forward computer communication networks is developed and implemented using Simulation Language for Alternative Modeling (SLAM). The model includes an ACK/NAK data link protocol, four-level message precedence, finite queues and a response traffic scenario. Network performance, indicated by average message delay and message throughput is estimated using the simulation model. Keywords include: Network simulation; Network performance; Computer simulation; Communication networks; Computer-communication networks; SLAM; SLAM simulation; Queueing models; Queueing model simulation; Simulation model; and Message delay model.
Lipase/Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transformations of Ketoximes to Optically Active Amines (2001)

[reaction: see text] Prochiral ketoximes were asymmetrically transformed to optically active amines in the acetylated forms by coupled lipase/palladium catalysis in the presence of an acyl donor under 1 atm of hydrogen.
Nanowire Perovskite Solar Cell (2015)

Organolead iodide perovskite, CH3NH3PbI3, was prepared in the form of nanowire by means of a small quantity of aprotic solvent in two-step spin-coating procedure. One-dimensional nanowire perovskite with the mean diameter of 100 nm showed faster carrier separation in the presence of hole transporting layer and higher lateral conductivity than the three-dimensional nanocuboid crystal. Reduction in dimensionality resulted in the hypsochromic shift of both absorption and fluorescence spectra, indicative of more localized exciton states in nanowires. The best performing device employing nanowire CH3NH3PbI3 delivered photocurrent density of 19.12 mA/cm(2), voltage of 1.052 V, and fill factor of 0.721, leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.71% at standard AM 1.5G solar illumination. A small I-V hysteresis was observed, where a PCE at forward scan was measured to be 85% of the PCE at reverse scan.
Symptom burden of sleep-disordered breathing in mild-to-moderate congestive heart failure patients (2006)

The symptom burden resulting from sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with mild-to-moderate congestive heart failure (CHF) is unclear. The current authors monitored 24-h activity levels and compared subjective and objective measures of daytime sleepiness in 39 CHF patients, New York Heart Association class 2-3, on optimal medication. A total of 22 patients were classified as SDB (apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) median (range) 22.3 (16.6-100) events.h-1), and 17 as no SDB (NoSDB; AHI 3.7 (0-12.3) events.h-1). SDB was defined as AHI>or=15 events.h-1. Patients were assessed by 24-h activity monitoring (actigraphy) for a period of up to 14 days, a single objective sleepiness test (Oxford Sleep Resistance test) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The duration of daytime activity was significantly shorter in the SDB group compared with the NoSDB group. The SDB group also had increased time in bed and poorer sleep quality, as shown by the fragmentation index. Objectively the SDB group when compared with the NoSDB group were significantly sleepier, subjectively the groups did not differ. The amount of napping was similar for both groups. Despite the lack of subjective symptoms of daytime sleepiness, congestive heart failure patients with sleep-disordered breathing were objectively sleepier during the day and had reduced daytime activity with longer periods in bed and poorer sleep quality when compared with those without sleep-disordered breathing.
ANTIBODIES TO GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR INHIBIT SOMATIC GROWTH. (1984)

We have raised antibodies to rat growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) which, when acutely administered to rats, cause a complete inhibition of pulsatile GH release. Using this passive immunization technique, we have evaluated the role of GRF in normal somatic growth. Twenty-two-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (61 +/- 2 g, mean +/- SEM) were treated for 16 days with either normal rabbit serum (n = 7) or rabbit antiserum raised against GRF (n = 7). During this period the BW of rats treated with normal rabbit serum increased 8.3 +/- 0.4 g/day while rats treated with GRF antiserum increased 4.3 +/- 0.2 g/day (P less than 0.01). These rats were then left untreated for an additional 22 days to determine whether animals treated with GRF antiserum would demonstrate a period of catch-up growth. Rats treated with normal rabbit serum continued to increase in BW at 8.1 +/- 0.4 g/day. Remarkably, rats treated with GRF antiserum continued to have a reduced growth rate, 5.4 +/- 0.6 g/day (P less than 0.01). This reduced growth rate was not due to long-term suppression of GH, since the patterns of pulsatile secretion and concentrations of plasma GH were not different between the two groups when measured three weeks after termination of the GRF antiserum treatment. These results demonstrate that GRF has a primary role in somatic growth and suggest that its presence during postnatal development is required to ensure subsequent normal somatic growth.
History of Meningococcal Outbreaks in the United States: Implications for Vaccination and Disease Prevention (2016)

Invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis presents a significant public health concern. Meningococcal disease is rare but potentially fatal within 24 hours of onset of illness, and survivors may experience permanent sequelae. This review presents the epidemiology, incidence, and outbreak data for invasive meningococcal disease in the United States since 1970, and it highlights recent changes in vaccine recommendations to prevent meningococcal disease. Relevant publications were obtained by database searches for articles published between January 1970 and July 2015. The incidence of meningococcal disease has decreased in the United States since 1970, but serogroup B meningococcal disease is responsible for an increasing proportion of disease burden in young adults. Recent serogroup B outbreaks on college campuses warrant broader age-based recommendations for meningococcal group B vaccines, similar to the currently recommended quadrivalent vaccine that protects against serogroups A, C, W, and Y. After the recent approval of two serogroup B vaccines, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices first updated its recommendations for routine meningococcal vaccination to cover at-risk populations, including those at risk during serogroup B outbreaks, and later it issued a recommendation for those aged 16-23 years. Meningococcal disease outbreaks remain challenging to predict, making the optimal disease management strategy one of prevention through vaccination rather than containment. How the epidemiology of serogroup B disease and prevention of outbreaks will be affected by the new category B recommendation for serogroup B vaccines remains to be seen.
Energy efficient and accuracy aware (E2A2) location services via crowdsourcing (2013)

Many mobile applications rely on location information gained from location services on mobile devices. However, continuously tracking the device location with high accuracy drains the battery quickly. Furthermore, sensing the same location can be redundant when multiple devices are co-located. In this paper, we develop a crowdsourcing-based location service, E2A2 (energy efficient and accuracy aware), which places colo-cated devices into groups, and uses group location to represent individual device location. The E2A2 location service aims to reduce individual device battery consumption associated with location services while simultaneously maintaining high location accuracy for each device. Our experimental results from a prototype system show the effectiveness of our proposed solution with different mobility patterns. We also present results on the impact of different system parameters and the number of users in a group. Compared to running GPS location services on individual devices separately, our E2A2 service saves on average 33% battery consumption rate when 4 devices are co-located at walking speed and 26% battery consumption rate when 4 devices are colocated on the same bus while meeting the same accuracy requirements.
Test-time compression for qualification testing of electronic packages: a case study (2002)

This paper illustrates a methodology for using physics-of-failure models to extract acceleration transform information from limited test data under accelerated stresses. Test time compression is achieved by appropriately accelerating the stress levels in order to obtain accurate information on reliability. The critical variables are identified and their influence on the stress magnitude is quantified using physics-of-failure models. The total amount of testing time is minimized by tailoring the critical variables in each sample such that multiple stress levels can be achieved in the samples under a single loading. This type of parametric-accelerated test eliminates the need for repeating the test at multiple load levels. Such techniques are essential for cost effective and timely qualification testing of highly reliable modules under accelerated stresses. All sources of error due to experimental variables and assumptions or simplifications in the analytical model are closely examined and discussed. Future work will employ a more detailed physics-of-failure model to quantify the experimental results. These test results also validate physics-of-failure models for acceleration transforms which relate test data to field reliability. Analytical predictive models for acceleration transforms will obviously result in significant savings of cost and time during qualification.
Fabrication of a microwave MEMS switch (2000)

We are developing a fabrication process for a microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) microwave switch. Our aim is to make a switch that operates from dc to 40 GHz with low insertion loss and high isolation. The, electrostatically activated, switch is based on a coplanar waveguide design with a cantilever or bridge mounted contact to open and close the switch. The fabrication process is not reliable yet, but we have made a working switch with an on state insertion loss less than 0.3 dB and an off state isolation of 45 dB at 4 GHz. Material properties and mechanical design are important in the operation of the switch.
The fusion of bone-marrow-derived proinsulin-expressing cells with nerve cells underlies diabetic neuropathy (2005)

Diabetic neuropathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Here we show that, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rodents with neuropathy, a subpopulation of bone-marrow-derived cells marked by proinsulin expression migrates to and fuses with neurons in the sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglion (DRG), resulting in neuronal dysfunction and accelerated apoptosis. The absence or presence of proinsulin expression, which identifies the fusion cells, and not the disease state (nondiabetic vs. diabetic) of the rats from which the DRG neurons are isolated determines whether the DRG neurons show normal or abnormal calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. These results suggest that bone-marrow-derived cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
Retinal vascular changes after glial disruption in rats (2009)

Glial dysfunction is found in a number of retinal vascular diseases but its link with blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown remains poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that glial dysfunction is a major contributor to the BRB breakdown that is a hallmark of retinal vascular diseases. We investigated the specificity of the purportedly selective glial toxin, DL-alpha-aminoadipic acid (DL-alpha-AAA) on different types of ocular cells in vitro and then tested the effect of glial disruption on retinal vasculature after intraocular injection of DL-alpha-AAA or siRNA targeting glutamine synthetase (GS) in rats. DL-alpha-AAA was toxic to astrocytes and Müller cells but not to other types of BRB-related cells in vitro. Subretinal injection of DL-alpha-AAA disrupted retinal glial cells, induced vascular telangiectasis and increased vascular permeability from 4 days to over 2 months post-injection. Vascular changes induced by DL-alpha-AAA were observed predominantly in regions of glial disruption, as reflected by reduced expression of GS and increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. Confocal microscopy showed changes in all three layers of the retinal vasculature, which co-localised with areas of Müller cell disruption. Double labeling immunohistochemistry revealed that retinal glial disruption after DL-alpha-AAA injection was accompanied by increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and reduced expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5. Intravitreal injection of GS siRNA induced similar changes in Müller cells and BRB breakdown. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that glial dysfunction is a primary contributor to the BRB breakdown in retinal vascular diseases.
Flurbiprofen: A Potent Inhibitor of Alveolar Bone Resorption in Beagles (1985)

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, flurbiprofen, a potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor, significantly decreases the resorption of alveolar bone in naturally occurring chronic destructive periodontal disease in beagles. This observation indicates that arachidonic acid metabolites are important in the alveolar bone loss of periodontitis and suggests a use for flurbiprofen in the management of bone resorption disease.
Lossless compression of multispectral images with interband prediction error deltas (2002)

This is a study in the use of spectral deltas for lossless multispectral image compression. When bands are correlated, the spectral deltas are typically smaller than prediction errors. Therefore, we want to devise methods that use spectral deltas when there are regions of correlation and use prediction errors when there are not. We apply our methods to a variety of image sets and use one of the best compressing still image algorithms as a benchmark.
Effect of Intravenous Gadolinium-DTPA on Diffusion-Weighted Images (2002)

The lack of a significant difference between the signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios of DW images before and after administration of contrast agent indicates the feasibility of postcontrast DWI.
An Electric Bilayer Model of the Transient Current in a Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell (1990)

The transient currents were observed in nematic liquid crystal (LC) cells when the polarity of the applied square wave voltage was reversed. The magnitude of these currents were shown to increase when the used LCs have a tendency to form dimers and the orientation films have a high electrical polarization. The origin of the transient currents is explained by assuming the switching of LC layers associated with the bilayers made of decomposed monomers adsorbed on the orientation films. The origin of the crosstalk appearing in the STN dot matrix LCDs is discussed in conjunction with the decomposition of dimers in the surface alignment region.
Immunological Consequences of Interleukin 12 Administration after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (2004)

Expansion of T, B, and NK cells occurs in vivo during rhIL-12 therapy after autologous stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies. In contrast to their striking defect in IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production, posttransplant patient PBMCs exhibit normal proliferative responses to IL-12 in vitro. Additional investigation of rhIL-12 for posttransplantation immunotherapy is warranted.
Archiving Your SAP Data (2007)

This much anticipated, completely revised edition of our bestseller provides you with valuable knowledge to implement and master data archiving with SAP. It examines the fundamental technologies in detail, and highlights the concrete processes in data archiving-from archivability checks to the archiving process, and from storing created archive files to displaying archived data. This book focuses on data archiving in the SAP R/3 system, although it also deals with more recent archiving concepts for mySAP CRM and SAP BI. The final chapter provides readers with a practical step-by-step description of the standardized phases of planning and executing an archiving project. New topics in this edition are, among others, Archive Routing, transaction TAANA, and XML archiving.The book covers all aspects of archiving in SAP ERP systems up to mySAP ERP 2005 (ECC 6.0) and includes special archiving concepts for mySAP ERP HCM, mySAP CRM and SAP NetWeaver BI. It addresses the specific requirements of system and database administrators as well as project collaborators who implement data archiving in an SAP customer project.Highlights:Basics and Processes Storage of Archiving FilesAccessing Archived FilesArchive Development Kit (ADK)Archive RoutingTransaction TAANA XML ArchivingArchiving in mySAP ERP (incl. HCM), mySAP CRM and SAP NetWeaver BIDescription of Project PhasesChecklist for Projects
PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION, LIMIT ABSORPTION AND LIMIT AMPLITUDE IN THE GENERAL THEORY OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (1966)

CONTENTSIntroductionChapter I. Equations with constant coefficients § 1. Auxiliary statements § 2. Construction of fundamental solutions § 3. Asymptotic behaviour of fundamental solutions § 4. Conditions for existence and uniqueness of a solutionChapter II. Principle of limit absorption § 1. Generalized principle of limit absorption § 2. Sharpening of Theorem 2.2Chapter III. Equations with variable coefficients § 1. Conditions for existence and uniqueness of a solution § 2. An example § 3. A sufficient condition for § 4. Principle of limit absorption and generalized principle of limit absorption for equations with variable coefficientsChapter IV. Principle of limit amplitudeReferences
Three Scanning Techniques for Deep Space Network Antennas to Estimate Spacecraft Position (2001)

NASA Interplanetary Network Progress Report 42-147, July-September 2001, pp. 1-17, November 15, 2001.
The Zinc Transporter Zip5 (Slc39a5) Regulates Intestinal Zinc Excretion and Protects the Pancreas against Zinc Toxicity (2013)

These studies demonstrate that ZIP5 participates in the control of zinc excretion in mice. Specifically, they reveal a paramount function of intestinal ZIP5 in zinc excretion but suggest a role for pancreatic ZIP5 in zinc accumulation/retention in acinar cells. ZIP5 functions in acinar cells to protect against zinc-induced acute pancreatitis and attenuate the process of zymophagy. This suggests that it may play a role in autophagy.
A new framework for automatic generation, insertion and verification of memory built-in self test units (2003)

The design and architecture of a memory test synthesis framework for automatic generation, insertion and verification of memory BIST units is presented. We use a building block architecture which results in full customization of memory BIST units. The flexibility and efficiency of the framework are demonstrated by showing that memory BIST units with different architecture and characteristics could be generated, functionally verified and inserted in a short time. Custom memory test algorithms could be loaded in the supported programmable BIST unit and therefore any type of memory test algorithm could be realized.
Hydraulic Fracturing of the Multizone Wells in the Pegasus (Devonian) Field, West Texas (1994)

ABSTRACT A large developmental program in the Pegasus (Devonian) field commenced in early 1990. The program triggered a completion optimization process aimed at effectively stimulating the Pegasus wells, as well as reducing cost. Elements of optimization included are the field and laboratory data gathering efforts, the integration of data into the stimulation design, and the field and laboratory diagnostics. The completion costs were reduced by more than 40%, which translated into 20% savings in the overall well cost.
Visualizing with VTK: a tutorial (2000)

We introduce basic concepts behind the Visualization Toolkit (VTK). An overview of the system, plus some detailed examples, will assist in learning this system. The tutorial targets researchers of any discipline who have 2D or 3D data and want more control over the visualization process than a turn-key system can provide. It also assists developers who would like to incorporate VTK into an application as a visualization or data processing engine.