gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Where Do You "Tube"? Uncovering YouTube Server Selection Strategy (2011)

YouTube is one of the most popular video sharing websites in the world. In order to serve its globally distributed users, it requires a massive-scale video delivery system. A major part of the whole system is to decide exactly what server machine is going to serve a client request at any given time. In this paper, we analyze DNS resolutions and video playback traces collected by playing half a million YouTube videos from geographically distributed PlanetLab nodes to uncover load- balancing and server selection strategies used by YouTube. Our results indicate that YouTube is aggressively deploying cache servers of widely varying sizes at many different locations around the world with several of them located inside other ISPs to reduce cost and improve the end-user performance. We also find that YouTube tries to use local "per-cache" load-sharing before resorting to redirecting a user to bigger/central cache locations.
EbpA vaccine antibodies block binding of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> to fibrinogen to prevent catheter-associated bladder infection in mice (2014)

Enterococci bacteria are a frequent cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, the most common type of hospital-acquired infection. Treatment has become increasingly challenging because of the emergence of multiantibiotic-resistant enterococcal strains and their ability to form biofilms on catheters. We identified and targeted a critical step in biofilm formation and developed a vaccine that prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infections in mice. In the murine model, formation of catheter-associated biofilms by Enterococcus faecalis depends on EbpA, which is the minor subunit at the tip of a heteropolymeric surface fiber known as the endocarditis- and biofilm-associated pilus (Ebp). We show that EbpA is an adhesin that mediates bacterial attachment to host fibrinogen, which is released and deposited on catheters after introduction of the catheter into the mouse bladder. Fibrinogen-binding activity resides in the amino-terminal domain of EbpA (EbpA(NTD)), and vaccination with EbpA and EbpA(NTD), but not its carboxyl-terminal domain or other Ebp subunits, inhibited biofilm formation in vivo and protected against catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Analyses in vitro demonstrated that protection was associated with a serum antibody response that blocked EbpA binding to fibrinogen and the formation of a fibrinogen-dependent biofilm on catheters. This approach may provide a new strategy for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.
DVB-T: the COFDM-based system for terrestrial television (1997)

In early 1996, the European DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) Project finalised what is now called the `common 2k/8k specification' for terrestrial television transmission. This specification is an important cornerstone of digital video broadcasting in Europe and numerous other countries in the world. Called DVB-T, it is based on the channel-coding algorithms the DVB Project had earlier devised for digital television on cable and satellite. The modulation scheme that is used for DVB-T is OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), which when used in conjunction with channel coding is known as COFDM. Two variants are described, one employing 1705 individual carriers in an 8 MHz channel (`2k variant'), the other employing 6817 carriers (`8k variant'). Each individual carrier can be modulated either by QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM or hierarchical modulation.
The Micro Gallery: A Multimedia Resource for the Gallery Visitor. (1991)

A technique is described which has been used to quantitate the 3-dimensional configuration of the midbrain dopamine (DA) nuclei (cell groups A8, A9, and A10). This technique provides cell counting information, for example, the BALB/c mouse has approximately 25,000 midbrain DA neurons, the albino rat has about 40,000 neurons, and man (33 year old) has approximately 450,000 neurons. Furthermore, cell density topography maps were constructed which enable quantitation of the 3-dimensional cellular distribution. These topography maps revealed both similarities and differences across the three species examined. The number of midbrain DA neurons is known to be genetically determined and to decrease with aging. DA cell number is also related to motoric behavior and neurologic and perhaps psychiatric disease. The ability to quantitate DA regional cell densities represents a new technique which can be used to study the neurobiology of DA neurons and relate DA cell number to both normal and abnormal behaviors.
Other Occupants of Wedge-tailed Shearwater Burrows (1992)

Other birds, reptiles and insects have been reported using the burrows of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters Puffinus pacificus and Short-tailed Shearwaters P. tenuirostris (Ford 1963, Hindwood et al. 1963, Jarman 1974, Warham 1990). This note reports some other users of Wedge-tailed Shearwater burrows inspected with a burrowscope during a study in the Capricorn Group, Great Barrier Reef. This equipment reveals the contents of burrow tunnel and chamber on a monitor screen at surface level (Dyer and Hill 1991). Ants, spiders and cockroaches are common residents of these burrows.
Design of a Robust Grid Interface System for PMSG-Based Wind Turbine Generators (2010)

A robust and reliable grid power interface system for wind turbines using a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is proposed in this paper, where an integration of a generator-side three-switch buck-type rectifier and a grid-side Z-source inverter is employed as a bridge between the generator and the grid. The modulation strategy for the proposed topology is developed from space-vector modulation and Z-source network operation principles. Two PMSG control methods, namely, unity-power-factor control and rotor-flux-orientation control (Id = 0), are studied to establish an optimized control scheme for the generator-side three-switch buck-type rectifier. The system control scheme decouples active- and reactive-power control through voltage-oriented control and optimizes PMSG control for the grid- and generator-side converters independently. Maximum power point tracking is implemented by adjusting the shoot-through duty cycles of the Z-source network. The design considerations of the passive components are also provided. The performances and practicalities of the designed architecture have been verified by simulations and experiments.
Design, synthesis and photophysical studies of styryl-based push–pull fluorophores with remarkable solvatofluorochromism (2017)

A library of 20 styryl-based push–pull dyes derived from 6-amino substituted benzothiazoles were prepared by an efficient and practical synthetic route from low-cost starting materials.
Conjugated‐Polymer‐Based Lateral Heterostructures Defined by High‐Resolution Photolithography (2010)

Abstract Solution processing of polymer semiconductors provides a new paradigm for large‐area electronics manufacturing on flexible substrates, but it also severely restricts the realization of interesting advanced device architectures, such as lateral heterostructures with defined interfaces, which are easily accessible with inorganic materials using photolithography. This is because polymer semiconductors degrade, swell, or dissolve during conventional photoresist processing. Here a versatile, high‐resolution photolithographic method is demonstrated for patterning of polymer semiconductors and exemplify this with high‐performance p‐type and n‐type field‐effect transistors (FETs) in both bottom‐ and top‐gate architectures, as well as ambipolar light‐emitting field‐effect transistors (LEFETs), in which the recombination zone can be pinned at a photolithographically defined lateral heterojunction between two semiconducting polymers. The technique therefore enables the realization of a broad range of novel device architectures while retaining optimum materials performance.
<title>Development of a line-by-line-based atmosphere removal algorithm for airborne and spaceborne imaging spectrometers</title> (1997)

In recent years, spectral imaging data have been acquired with a number of airborne imaging spectrometers. Similar data will soon be collected with the NASA HyperSpectral Imager instrument from the Lewis spacecraft. The majority of users of imaging spectrometer data are interested in studying surface properties. The atmospheric absorption and scattering effects must be removed from imaging spectrometer data, so that surface reflectance spectra can be derived. Previously, we developed and updated an operational atmosphere removal algorithm, which used the Malkmus narrow band model for modeling atmospheric gaseous transmittance. The narrow band model does a reasonably good job in modeling spectra at a resolution of 10 nm or coarser. Imaging spectrometers with spectral resolutions finer than 10 nm are now available. The narrow band model is not quite suitable for modeling data collected with these spectrometers. In this paper, we describe the development of a line-by-line- based algorithm for removing atmospheric effects from imaging spectrometer data. We also discus issues related to sampling and spectral resolution.
New Design for Testability Approach for Clock Fault Testing (2011)

We propose a new design for testability approach for testing clock faults of next generation high performance microprocessors. In fact, it has been shown that conventional manufacturing test is unable to guarantee their detection, although they could compromise the effectiveness of delay fault testing, as well as the microprocessor correct operation in the field. These conditions will of course worsen with technology scaling, due to the expected increase in fault likelihood, included clock faults. To deal with these problems we propose a design for testability approach that, by means of simple modifications to conventional clock buffers, allows clock fault detection through any conventional manufacturing test approach. This is achieved at the cost of very low increase in area and power consumption of clock buffers, and with no additional test cost or impact on the microprocessor performance and in-field operation. We then introduce a possible further modification to clock buffers that, at additional limited costs in terms of area and power consumption, allows their calibration after fabrication in order to compensate for parameter variations possibly occurring during manufacturing, thus minimizing the likelihood of either false test fails, or test misses. As an example, we show the application of our approach to the clock distribution network of the Pentium® 4 microprocessor (Other names and brands may be claimed as property of others). However, it can be applied to the clock distribution of any high performance ASIC, or microprocessor.
Developing field emitter array cathode systems for electrodynamic tether propulsion (2000)

Peer Reviewed
Stability analysis of dynamic decision-making for vehicle heading control (2015)

In this paper, the problem of dynamic decision making for vehicle heading control to intercept moving targets is investigated. It is assumed that the targets arrive in the mission space sequentially. More precisely, there exist infinite number of targets that arrive the mission space one by one. The arrival times and positions of the targets are modeled using stochastic models. Furthermore, targets are assumed to move with unknown dynamics and unknown trajectories. Due to the probabilistic nature of the problem, it is desired to use a model predictive approach to control the heading of the vehicle. A reward allocation strategy is adopted for dynamic decision making and control design in order to move the vehicle toward the targets. Finite-time convergence analysis is presented for the case where the arrivals of targets occur sufficiently infrequently.
Electronic aspects of the optical-absorption spectrum of the<i>EL</i>2 defect in GaAs (1992)

As far as its optical properties are concerned, the EL2 defect seems to be the same as the isolated ${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ arsenic antisite defect in GaAs. Although it is widely accepted that lattice relaxation plays a role in determining the optical absorption of EL2, there are now reasons to question just how much lattice relaxation occurs. As an initial step towards resolving this issue, this paper presents a calculation of the optical absorption of the isolated ${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ defect in which the calculational emphasis is on a realistic description of the electronic states. In this calculation, we ignore lattice relaxation altogether and, consequently, we find neither the experimentally observed zero-phonon line nor the multiphonon replicas. Aside from these and one other interesting discrepancy that can probably be explained by our neglect of lattice coupling, the spectra are reasonably similar to what is observed. One conclusion from the analysis presented here is that the hole cross section for the main donor level of EL2 has not been correctly measured in any of the experiments reported to date.
Supporting outdoor mixed reality applications for architecture and cultural heritage (2010)

This paper introduces new approaches to enable collaborative outdoor mixed reality design review in the architectural domain as well as outdoor mixed reality experiences in the cultural heritage domain.For this purpose we present the results of three closely related European projects, IMPROVE and CINeSPACE, which are currently succeeded by MAXIMUS, continuing the development of technologies relevant to the two domains.The paper focuses on the base technologies needed to develop usable outdoor mixed reality applications, such as marker-less optical tracking combined with sensor fusion for accurate pose estimation outdoors. Furthermore the paper presents a new visualization system developed within the project, one of the few daylight blocking head.-mounted displays available. In addition to pose estimation and visualization devices, the paper presents a VR framework adapted for the architecture and the cultural heritage domain featuring high dynamic range image acquisition combined with pre-computed radiance transfer rendering to be able to photo-realistically render urban content. For the cultural heritage domain this framework has been extended to allow accurate display and generation of multimedia content super-imposed on a real environment as well as city navigation.
Relative Contributions of Aging and Estrogen Deficiency to Postmenopausal Bone Loss (1984)

Debate continues on whether aging or estrogen deficiency is the more important determinant of postmenopausal bone loss. We compared 14 women who had undergone oophorectomy during young adulthood, 14 normal perimenopausal women, and 14 normal postmenopausal women (mean ages, 54, 52, and 73 years, respectively; mean duration of estrogen deficiency, 22, 0.3, and 22 years, respectively). Bone mineral density was assessed by single-photon and dual-photon absorptiometry. As compared with the perimenopausal group, the other two groups had significantly lower bone mineral density at the midradius, femoral neck, femoral intertrochanteric area, and lumbar spine (-15 per cent, -25 per cent, -16 per cent, and -23 per cent, respectively, in the oophorectomized group and -18 per cent, -28 per cent, -26 per cent, and -23 per cent, respectively, in the postmenopausal group). Because bone loss in the oophorectomized group (differing from the perimenopausal group in menopausal status but not in age) was almost as great as in the postmenopausal group (differing in both characteristics), we suggest that estrogen deficiency, and not aging, may be the predominant cause of bone loss occurring during the first two decades after natural menopause.
VI. Counterpart Experiences: Indian and Indonesian Nationalisms 1920s–1950s (1986)

India's national day is 26 January; Indonesia's 17 August. They point to a difference. 26 January derives from the Indian National Congress' decision at its Lahore Congress in December 1929 to launch a Civil Disobedience movement against the British Government in India. Jawaharlal Nehru as Congress' President arranged that the first step would be for thousands of Congress rank and file to join together on 26 January 1930 to take the Independence Pledge. This declared that since ‘it is the inalienable right of the Indian people […] to have freedom, […] if any government deprives a people of those rights […] the people have a […] right to […] abolish it […]. We recognise, however, that the most effective way of gaining freedom is not through violence. We will, therefore, prepare ourselves by withdrawing, so far as we can, all voluntary association from the British Government and will prepare for Civil Disobedience.’ From that moment onwards 26 January has been India's Independence Day, though when it was first held India's independence still stood 17 years away. The celebrations have thus come to link post-independent India with the feats of the Indian national movement which for so many years pursued the strategy of civil disobedience, and which, despite a series of intervening fits and starts, is seen to have been crucial to its success. For India the heroics of its freedom struggle lie, that is, in its elon-gated pre-independence past, of long years of humiliating harassment and costly commitment. They are not much associated with the final run up to independence. With the emphasis rather upon the earlier, principally Gandhian years, of protests and processions, of proscriptions and prison, the final transfer of power is not seen, moreover, as comprising a traumatic break with the past, but as the logical climax to all that had gone before. The direct continuities between the pre- and post-independence periodes in India in these respects are accepted as a central part of its national heritage.
Natural recombination between Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Is and Tomato leaf curl virus (2000)

The complete genome sequences (2791 and 2793 nt) of isolates of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Is (TYLCV-Is) from Spain (SP72/97) and Portugal (Port2/95) were determined. These isolates are closely related to TYLCV-Is isolates reported in Japan (Japan-A and Japan-S) and Israel (Israel/Mild). Comparison of all sequenced isolates of TYLCV-Is showed that part of the genome comprising the intergenic region and the 5'-end of the rep gene of the Iran and Israel isolates was not closely related to that of other isolates. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Israel and Iran isolates may have chimeric genomes that have arisen by recombination between TYLCV-Is-like and tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV)-like ancestors. The TYLCV-Is donors of the Iran and the Israel genomes were closely related to each other and to other known TYLCV-Is isolates. However, the ToLCV donors differed from each other, although both were related to ToLCV isolates from India (Bangalore-2 and Bangalore-4).
Language adaptive LVCSR through polyphone decision tree specialization (1999)

With the distribution of speech technology products all over the world, the fast and efficient portability to new target languages becomes a practical concern. In this paper we explore the relative effectiveness of porting multilingual recognition systems to new target languages with very limited adaptation data. For this purpose we introduce a polyphone decision tree specialization method. Several recognition results are presented based on mono- and multilingual recognizers developed in the framework of the project GlobalPhone which investigates LVCSR systems in 15 languages. 1. Introduction With the distribution of speech technology products all over the world, the fast and efficient portability to new target languages becomes a practical concern. So far one major time and costs limitation in developingLVCSR systems in new languages is the need of large training data. According to the amount of data used for porting acoustic models to a new target language we differentiate three as...
Controllable Switching between Superradiant and Subradiant States in a 10-qubit Superconducting Circuit (2020)

Superradiance and subradiance concerning enhanced and inhibited collective radiation of an ensemble of atoms have been a central topic in quantum optics. However, precise generation and control of these states remain challenging. Here we deterministically generate up to 10-qubit superradiant and 8-qubit subradiant states, each containing a single excitation, in a superconducting quantum circuit with multiple qubits interconnected by a cavity resonator. The sqrt[N]-scaling enhancement of the coupling strength between the superradiant states and the cavity is validated. By applying an appropriate phase gate on each qubit, we are able to switch the single collective excitation between superradiant and subradiant states. While the subradiant states containing a single excitation are forbidden from emitting photons, we demonstrate that they can still absorb photons from the resonator. However, for an even number of qubits, a singlet state with half of the qubits being excited can neither emit nor absorb photons, which is verified with 4 qubits. This study is a step forward in coherent control of collective radiation and has promising applications in quantum information processing.
Motion capture and reinforcement learning of dynamically stable humanoid movement primitives (2013)

Direct transfer of human motion trajectories to humanoid robots does not result in dynamically stable robot movements due to the differences in human and humanoid robot kinematics and dynamics. We developed a system that converts human movements captured by a low-cost RGB-D camera into dynamically stable humanoid movements. The transfer of human movements occurs in real-time. As need arises, the developed system can smoothly transition between unconstrained movement imitation and imitation with balance control, where movement reproduction occurs in the null space of the balance controller. The developed balance controller is based on an approximate model of the robot dynamics, which is sufficient to stabilize the robot during on-line imitation. However, the resulting movements cannot be guaranteed to be optimal because the model of the robot dynamics is not exact. The initially acquired movement is therefore subsequently improved by model-free reinforcement learning, both with respect to the accuracy of reproduction and balance control. We present experimental results in simulation and on a real humanoid robot.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Iron Oxide Films for Use as Semitransparent Masks (1971)

Iron oxide films have been prepared by thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl vapor in an oxidizing atmosphere. Optical spectra show these to be opaque in the ultraviolet but partially transparent to visible light. The nature of these deposits was studied by electron and x‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and the Mössbauer effect. It was found that deposition at low temperatures resulted in a partially crystalline film, while films formed at higher temperatures were composed of crystallites. The chemistry of the deposition process was considered in light of mass spectrometer analyses of species present during deposition.
The Interplay of Colloidal Organization and Oxo-Cluster Chemistry: Polyoxometalate-Silica Hybrids—Materials with a Nanochemical Function (2000)

Polyoxometalates of colloidal size have been immobilized in a silica-matrix via sol-gel synthesis. The resulting (porous) materials exhibit the unique properties of both the polyoxometalates (POMs) and of the host silica. The pocket molded into the silica by the POM-cluster acts as a special nano-dimensional “reaction vessel”, where the POMs can undergo chemical transformations without leaching of the molybdato units.