gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of Human CAP10-Like Protein 46 KD in T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2010)

Considering that hCLP46 has the capability of modifying the Notch pathway, our finding adds weight to the importance of Notch signaling in hematopoiesis and suggests that overexpression of hCLP46 might be an early event in the pathogenesis of AML and T-ALL.
A multistage camera self-calibration algorithm (2004)

We present a new camera self-calibration algorithm that uses a low-complexity multistage approach. We derive a polynomial optimization function with respect to the camera intrinsic parameters, based on the equal singular value property of the essential matrix. In terms of the stability analysis of the intrinsic parameters, we propose a multistage procedure to refine the estimation. Experimental results with both synthetic and real images show the accuracy and robustness of our method.
Stress migration phenomenon in narrow copper interconnects (2007)

Stress migration (SM) behavior in Cu damascene interconnects was investigated in detail using different kinds of test patterns. SM failure was found in narrow lines that are very long, or connecting to a wide line. In the pattern in which narrow lines are connected to wide metal, the failure rate decreased as the narrow metal becomes longer. It was found that the failure rate in minimum 0.14μm wide lines is more than that in 0.2–0.42μm wide lines. The result of the test patterns with different via arrangements clarified that the placing of the vias at the edge of the M1 line plays an important role in the SM phenomenon in narrow copper lines. Failure analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed voiding beneath the via at the failure points for all test patterns. It is shown that the enhanced failure rate in the minimum wide lines and the via arrangement effect cannot be understood by the previous diffusion mechanism. Based on these results, the effect of the via arrangement close to the edge of the lower lines on SM failure in narrow lines is discussed.
The Leader Proteinase of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Negatively Regulates the Type I Interferon Pathway by Acting as a Viral Deubiquitinase (2011)

The leader proteinase (L(pro)) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a papain-like proteinase that plays an important role in FMDV pathogenesis. Previously, it has been shown that L(pro) is involved in the inhibition of the type I interferon (IFN) response by FMDV. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that FMDV Lb(pro), a shorter form of L(pro), has deubiquitinating activity. Sequence alignment and structural bioinformatics analyses revealed that the catalytic residues (Cys51 and His148) are highly conserved in FMDV Lb(pro) of all seven serotypes and that the topology of FMDV Lb(pro) is remarkably similar to that of ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14), a cellular deubiquitylation enzyme (DUB), and to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) papain-like protease (PLpro), a coronaviral DUB. Both purified Lb(pro) protein and in vivo ectopically expressed Lb(pro) removed ubiquitin (Ub) moieties from cellular substrates, acting on both lysine-48- and lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Furthermore, Lb(pro) significantly inhibited ubiquitination of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and TRAF3, key signaling molecules in activation of type I IFN response. Mutations in Lb(pro) that ablate the catalytic activity (C51A or D163N/D164N) or disrupt the SAP (for SAF-A/B, Acinus, and PIAS) domain (I83A/L86A) abrogated the DUB activity of Lb(pro) as well as its ability to block signaling to the IFN-β promoter. Collectively, these results demonstrate that FMDV Lb(pro) possesses DUB activity in addition to serving as a viral proteinase and describe a novel mechanism evolved by FMDV to counteract host innate antiviral responses.
OASIS: an automated program for global investigation of bacterial and archaeal insertion sequences (2012)

Insertion sequences (ISs) are simple transposable elements present in most bacterial and archaeal genomes and play an important role in genomic evolution. The recent expansion of sequenced genomes offers the opportunity to study ISs comprehensively, but this requires efficient and accurate tools for IS annotation. We have developed an open-source program called OASIS, or Optimized Annotation System for Insertion Sequences, which automatically annotates ISs within sequenced genomes. OASIS annotations of 1737 bacterial and archaeal genomes offered an unprecedented opportunity to examine IS evolution. At a broad scale, we found that most IS families are quite widespread; however, they are not present randomly across taxa. This may indicate differential loss, barriers to exchange and/or insufficient time to equilibrate across clades. The number of ISs increases with genome length, but there is both tremendous variation and no increase in IS density for genomes >2 Mb. At the finer scale of recently diverged genomes, the proportion of shared IS content falls sharply, suggesting loss and/or emergence of barriers to successful cross-infection occurs rapidly. Surprisingly, even after controlling for 16S rRNA sequence divergence, the same ISs were more likely to be shared between genomes labeled as the same species rather than as different species.
Supramolecular Nanostructures of 1,3,5-Benzene-tricarboxylic Acid at Electrified Au(111)/0.05 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Interfaces:  An in Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study (2005)

The potential-induced adsorption and self-assembly of 1,3,5-benzene-tricarboxylic acid (TMA) was investigated at the electrified Au(111)/0.05 M H2SO4 interface by in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and surface enhanced infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) in combination with electrochemical techniques. Depending on the applied electric field, TMA forms five distinctly different, highly ordered supramolecular adlayers on Au(111) surfaces. We have elucidated their real-space structures at the molecular scale. In the potential range -0.25 V < E < 0.20 V, planar-oriented TMA molecules form a hexagonal open-ring honeycomb structure, Ia, a hydrogen-bonded ribbon-type phase, Ib, and a herringbone-type phase, Ic, stabilized by directional hydrogen bonding and weak substrate-adsorbate interactions. Interfacial water molecules are being replaced. In 0.20 V < or = E < 0.40 V, e.g., around the potential of zero charge, and at slightly higher coverages, a close-packed physisorbed adlayer of hydrogen-bonded TMA dimers, II, was observed. Further increase of the electrode potential to positive charge densities causes an orientation change from planar to upright. An initially disordered phase, IIIa, transforms into an ordered, stripelike chemisorbed adlayer, IIIb, of perpendicularly oriented TMA molecules. One carboxylate group per molecule is bound to the electrode surface, while the two other protonated carboxyl groups are directed toward the electrolyte and act as structure-determining components of a hydrogen-bonded two-dimensional ladder-type network. Structural transitions between the various types of ordered molecular adlayers are attributed to (hole) nucleation and growth processes.
Identitat i relació amb les altres persones (2007)

Els infants construeixen la propia identitat mentre van comprenent el mon que els envolta i la cultura en que estan immersos, entesa en un sentit ampli. El dialeg amb els altres, iguals o adults, els ha d'ajudar a creixer i a desempallegar-se per la vida. Quins coneixements necessiten? Com aprenen a situar-se en un mon canviant i en una cultura dinamica? Que necessiten per comprendre i per comprendre's?
STM Investigations of Thiol Self-Assembled Monolayers (1998)

The most-studied thin organic monolayers—which have applications in many areas of science and technology—are self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of alkanethiol SAMs on Au(111) surfaces reveals small holes or defects, whose origin is a current topic of discussion. The STM investigation reported here of thiosalicylic acid on Au(111) reveals not holes but disordered structures. Comparison of the two sets of measurements provides new aspects for consideration with regard to the origin of the hole defects in thiol selfassembled films.
Detailed balance limit of the efficiency of tandem solar cells (1980)

The fundamental (detailed balance) limit of the performance of a tandem structure is presented. The model takes into account the fact that a particular cell is not only illuminated by part of the solar irradiance but also by the electroluminescence of other cells of the set. Whereas, under 1 sun irradiance, a single solar cell only converts 30% of the solar energy, a tandem structure of two cells can convert 42%, a tandem structure of three cells can convert 49%, etc. Under the highest possible light concentration, these efficiencies are 40% (one cell), 55% (two cells), 63% (three cells), etc. The model also allows us to predict the ideal efficiency of a stack with an infinite number of solar cells. Such a tandem system can convert 68% of the unconcentrated sunlight, and 86% of the concentrated sunlight.
Signaling through CD16b in human neutrophils involves the Tec family of tyrosine kinases (2005)

Tec kinases belong to the second largest family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Although these kinases are expressed in myeloid cells, little is known about their implication in neutrophil function. We recently reported the participation of Tec kinases in the responses of human neutrophils to the bacterial peptide N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine via G-coupled protein receptors. In this study, we extended our investigations of Tec kinases to the signaling of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked receptor CD16b, which is highly and specifically expressed in neutrophils. The results obtained indicate that Tec is translocated to the plasma membrane, phosphorylated, and activated upon CD16b cross-linking and that the activation of Tec is inhibited by Src-specific inhibitors as well as by the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor, wortmannin. As no specific inhibitor of Tec exists, the role of Tec kinases was further investigated using a-Cyano-b-hydroxy-b-methyl-N-(2,5-dibromophenyl)propenamide (LFM-A13), a compound known to inhibit Bruton's tyrosine kinase. We show that this compound also inhibits the kinase activity of Tec and provide evidence that the mobilization of intracellular calcium and the tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma2 (PLCgamma2) induced upon CD16b engagement are inhibited by LFM-A13. We also show that Tec kinases are important for CD16b-dependent degranulation of neutrophils. In summary, we provide direct evidence for the implication of Tec in CD16b signaling and suggest that Tec kinases are involved in the phosphorylation and activation of PLCgamma2 and subsequently, in the mobilization of calcium in human neutrophils.
Short- and Intermediate-Term Results of <sup>32</sup> P Radioactive β-Emitting Stent Implantation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2000)

The use of (32)P radioactive beta-emitting stents in patients with CAD is feasible. At 6-month follow-up, intrastent neointimal hyperplasia was reduced in a dose-related manner. However, in the 3 groups, intralesion restenosis was high because of a high late lumen loss in the reference segments at the stent edges, possibly as a result of a low activity level of radiation at the edges of the stent combined with an aggressive approach to stenting. We called this "edge effect" the "candy wrapper."
Heavy fermions in an optical lattice (2010)

We employ a mean-field theory to study ground-state properties and transport of a two-dimensional gas of ultracold alkaline-earth-metal atoms governed by the Kondo lattice Hamiltonian plus a parabolic confining potential. In a homogenous system, this mean-field theory is believed to give a qualitatively correct description of heavy-fermion metals and Kondo insulators: It reproduces the Kondo-like scaling of the quasiparticle mass in the former and the same scaling of the excitation gap in the latter. In order to understand ground-state properties in a trap, we extend this mean-field theory via local-density approximation. We find that the Kondo insulator gap manifests as a shell structure in the trapped density profile. In addition, a strong signature of the large Fermi surface expected for heavy-fermion systems survives the confinement and could be probed in time-of-flight experiments. From a full self-consistent diagonalization of the mean-field theory, we are able to study dynamics in the trap. We find that the mass enhancement of quasiparticle excitations in the heavy-Fermi liquid phase manifests as slowing of the dipole oscillations that result from a sudden displacement of the trap center.
Design Issues in Implementing MPPT for Improved Tracking and Dynamic Performance (2006)

In solar cells, the output power is maximized only at a specific output voltage. This output power and the corresponding operating voltage is also affected by solar irradiation and ambient temperature leading to continual variation in total power available at the output of the solar cells. Considering high installation costs, it is required to track this maximum power point (MPP) at all times. This is done using a system called MPP trackers (MPPT). MPPTs utilize a power converter in series with the solar panel to extract energy from solar cells. The operating point at which the power is maximized is located using a variety of algorithms essentially based on well-known gradient following method. Algorithmic deficiencies, in this method lead to a tradeoff between dynamic performance and steady state oscillations. With continually changing atmospheric conditions, this tradeoff leads to poor utilization of solar cells - an avoidable situation for obvious reasons. The present work discusses design issues in implementing algorithms to eliminate this tradeoff
Dynamic clustering with soft computing (2012)

Abstract Clustering methods are one of the most popular approaches to data mining. They have been successfully used in virtually any field covering domains such as economics, marketing, bioinformatics, engineering, and many others. The classic cluster algorithms require static data structures. However, there is an increasing need to address changing data patterns. On the one hand, this need is generated by the rapidly growing amount of data that is collected by modern information systems and that has led to an increasing interest in data mining as its whole again. On the other hand, modern economies and markets do not deal with stable settings any longer but are facing the challenge to adapt to constantly changing environments. These include seasonal changes but also long‐term trends that structurally change whole economies, wipe out companies that cannot adapt to these trends, and create opportunities for entrepreneurs who establish large multinational corporations virtually out of nothing in just one decade or two. Hence, it is essential for almost any organization to address these changes. Obviously, players that have information on changes first possibly obtain a strategic advantage over their competitors. This has motivated an increasing number of researchers to enrich and extend classic static clustering algorithms by dynamic derivatives . In the past decades, very promising approaches have been suggested; some selected ones will be introduced in this review. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This article is categorized under: Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery Technologies > Computational Intelligence Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Dielectric antennas make waves (2003)

The author discusses various aspects of high dielectric antennas and their development at Antenova, including simulation, radiation patterns, and interference aspects.
The Interactive Multi - directional Information Displaying System (1996)

This paper describes a new method of multimedia information retrieval which shows multimedia information on a screen in a multi-directional way, using perspective, during the process of recursive interactive retrieval. This method supports a graphical, sensitive and individually tailored interaction between a user and multimedia data. The original work here in is the support of interaction between a user and multimedia data in a way that shows as many as multimedia data in a multi-directional manner on a screen. This work does not involve analytical techniques, although much current research into multimedia information retrieval focuses on processing and handling multimedia data. The prototype system INMUL(Interactive Multi-directional Information Displaying System) is now being implemented. 1. Introduction Much research and development has been done in the field of Information Retrieval, especially for text document IR. In recent years Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques h...
Large ion volume time-of-flight mass spectrometer with position- and velocity-sensitive detection capabilities for cluster beams (1991)

We have developed and tested a high-performance time-of-flight mass spectrometer for clusters in a molecular beam. Several important improvements over conventional designs have been implemented that include a large ionization volume, a perfected ion steering system and a large area efficient ion detector. Cluster ions that are produced within the 200-cm3 ion volume can be simultaneously detected over a size range of from 1 to about 10 000 amu with a resolution of about 1000. The mass spectrometer can also be operated in a position-sensitive mode for cluster beam deflection measurements, and in a velocity-sensitive mode to determine the cluster velocities. The performance of the spectrometer is demonstrated with Al and Fe clusters. We present mass spectra of cluster beams and also velocity, and magnetic and electric deflection measurements of collimated iron and aluminum cluster beams.
Reverse transcription of phage RNA and its fragment directed by synthetic heteropolymeric primers (1977)

DNA synthesis catalysed by RNA-directed DNA-polymerase (reverse transcriptase) was found to proceed on the RNA template of an MS2 phage in the presence of heteropolymeric synthetic octa- and nonadeoxyribonucleotide primers complementary to the intercistronic region (coat protein binding site) and the region of the coat protein cistron, respectively. The product of synthesis consists of discrete DNA fractions of different length, including transcripts longer than 1,000 nucleotides. The coat protein inhibits DNA synthesis if it is initiated at its binding site, but has no effect on DNA synthesis initiated at the coat protein cistron. It has been suggested that, in this system, the initiation of DNA synthesis by synthetic primers is topographically specific. The MS2 coat protein binding site (an RNA fragment of 59 nucleotides) serves as a template for polydeoxyribonucleotide synthesis in the presence of octanucleotide primer and reverse transcriptase. The product of synthesis is homogenous and its length corresponds to the length of the template. The effective and complete copying of the fragment having a distinct secondary structure proves that the secondary structure does not interfere, in principle, with RNA being a template in the system of reverse transcription.
Expanding the Polymethine Paradigm: Evidence for the Contribution of a Bis-Dipolar Electronic Structure (2014)

Although it has been reported in a few instances that the spectroscopic properties of cyanine dyes were strongly dependent on the nature of the chemical substitution of their central carbon atom, there has not been to date any systematic study specifically aimed at rationalizing this behavior. In this article, such a systematic study is carried out on an extended family of 17 polymethine dyes carrying different substituents on their central carbon, some of those being specifically synthesized for this study, some of those similar to previously reported compounds, for the sake of comparison. Their absorption properties, which spread over the whole visible to near-infrared spectral range, are seen to be dramatically dependent on the electron-donating character of this central substituent. By correlating this behavior to NMR spectroscopy and (vibronic) TD-DFT calculations, we show that it results from a profound modification of the ground state electronic configuration, namely, a progressive localization of the cationic charge on the central carbon as the electron-donating nature of the central substituent is increased.
Fabrication and field emission characteristics of high density carbon nanotubes microarrays (2004)

High density carbon nanotube field emitter arrays (CNT-FEA) in both triode and diode structures on Si were fabricated. The carbon nanotubes were synthesized using a microwave-heated CVD process. The emission image of a diode-type CNT-FEA demonstrated a brightness of /spl sim/1800 cd/m/sup 2/ and a homogeneous emission quality. The cross-sectional SEM image of a triode-type emitter showed that CNTs in triode structures were shorter and less dense than CNTs in the diode-type emitters, though almost identical growth conditions of CNTs were utilized. The rough surface morphology of the emitter zone indicated the formation of chromium-silicide that could enhance the conductivity of Si substrates. Emission characteristics of the triode CNT-FEA showed that with a 1-/spl mu/m SiO/sub 2/ as the spacer, very low operating voltage could be applied to the gate. Therefore, high density CNT field emitter arrays with low turn-on voltage and large emission current were successfully fabricated.
A Novel Blocking Technology for Improving the Short-Channel Effects in Polycrystalline Silicon TFT Devices (2007)

An original blocking technology is proposed for improving the short-channel characteristics of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs). In particular, two types of modified devices called poly-Si TFT with block oxide and poly-Si on partial insulator (POPI)-TFT are designed for the first time in this field to enhance device performance. The proposed TFT structures can significantly reduce short-channel effects when compared with a thick source/drain (S/D) poly-Si TFT (i.e., the fully depleted TFT). In addition, an ultrathin (UT) S/D structure (UT-TFT) is designed to verify that the block oxide TFT devices do achieve improved performance without needing the thin active layers and ultrashallow junction depth. Also, the POPI-TFT is found to reduce the thermal instability through its natural body-tied scheme.
Antioxidant activity of crude tannins of canola and rapeseed hulls (2000)

Abstract The antioxidant activity of crude tannins of canola and rapeseed hulls was evaluated by β‐carotene‐linoleate, α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and reducing power assays. Crude tannins were extracted from three samples of Cyclone canola (high‐tannin) hulls and Kolner, Ligaret, and Leo Polish rapeseed (low‐tannin) hulls with 70% (vol/vol) acetone. The total phenolic content in crude tannin extracts ranged between 128 and 296 mg of sinapic acid equivalents per 1 g of extract. The ultraviolet spectra of methanolic solution of canola extracts showed two absorption maxima (282 and 309 nm), whereas those of rapeseed extracts exhibited a single maximum (326 nm). Crude tannins isolated from canola hulls exerted significantly ( P <0.025) greater antioxidant activity than those from rapeseed in all three assays. The scavenging effect of all crude tannins, at a dose of 1 mg, on the DPPH radical ranged from 35.2 to 50.5%. The reducing power of Cyclone canola hull extracts on potassium ferricyanide was significantly ( P ≤0.0025) greater than that of rapeseed hull extracts, and the observed data correlated well ( r =0.966; P =0.002) with the total content of phenolics present.