gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on an on-line reaction of micro lactate dehydrogenase in capillary electrophoresis using electrochemical detection (2001)

The method for an on-line reaction of micro lactate dehydrogenase in capillary electrophoresis using electrophoretically mediated micro-assay(EMMA) coupled with electrochemical detection(EC) was developed. The running electrolyte(pH 9,2) was composed of 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl, 1,0 mmol/L nicotinamide adenine dinuceotide(NAD(+)), 5,0 mmol/L lithium lactate and 0, 2 mmol/L cetylpridinium bromide (CPB). LDH was injected into the capillary, As it migrated electrophoretically in the capillary, LDH catalyzed the reaction between lactate and NAD+. The product NADH of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction was monitored by a bundle of carbon fiber electrode(150 mum diameter) held at +0.8 V vs, SCE, The detection limits for LDH activity using constant-voltage mode and zero-voltage mode in EMMA were determined to be 1.1 X 10(-9) U and 6,0 X 10(-10) U, respectively. The formulae concerning the width or the height of the plateau in the electropherogram for EMMA were deduced, and some significant conclusions were drawn from these formulae, The developed method has been used for the determination of ultramicro LDH activity in serum with satisfactory results.
Gate array selection advisor system (2002)

An advisor system which is designed to assist a gate array novice to identify the appropriate parameters for selection and to rank the gate array products accordingly is presented. The system will rank the gate arrays, included in the knowledge files, in order of certainty factor based on the user's requirement, circuit specifications, and the vendor's capabilities. The system draws conclusions through interactive dialogue with the user. However, it also automatically generates necessary parameters from the circuit description itself. The inference process is constructed on an expert system development tool called S1. Universal standards are used as much as possible. Common practices and definitions are adopted in defining many parameters such as gate delay, gate size, etc. In order that the system can be expanded and fine-tuned, the knowledge base of product lines and many evaluation functions are external to the S1 core. The decision flow closely follows the practices of experienced gate array designers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stress Measurement by Magnetostriction (1940)

If a ferromagnetic material, for example nickel, is mechanically stressed, the magnetic permeability changes; the effect is large. The paper shows how the effect can be used to study transient mechanical stresses. The stress is applied, by suitable mechanism, to the ferromagnetic core of a transformer or coil, and the resulting magnetic changes of the core are observed, by the help of appropriate electrical circuits, on the screen of a cathode ray oscillograph, or otherwise. The conditions to be observed for success are set out, and numerical data are given as a guide to the design of magnetostriction stress-measuring devices.
A 0.01–8-GHz (12.5 Gb/s) 4$\,\times\,$4 CMOS Switch Matrix (2011)

This paper presents a 0.01-8-GHz 4×4 switch matrix in 0.13-μm CMOS technology. A deep n-well series-shunt-series switch is chosen as the switching core, and the transistor sizes are optimized for low insertion loss and high isolation up to 8 GHz. Full electromagnetic analysis is also performed on the switching core to result in a compact design. The 4×4 switch matrix shows a measured insertion loss of 2.0-3.3 dB and an isolation of 50-44 dB at 2-8 GHz with near-zero power consumption. The measured input P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> dB and IP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> are 8-10 and 26-30 dBm at 0.5-8 GHz. The switch matrix has very low dispersion with <; 6-ps group-delay variation and can switch a 12.5-Gb/s signal with a bit error rate of <; 10-12. The design can be used in reconfigurable 0.01-8 GHz communication systems or as a crossbar switch matrix for data routing.
Extending the boundary limits of high voltage IGBTs and diodes to above 8 kV (2003)

In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time, a planar high voltage IGBT and freewheeling diode chip set with a blocking capability exceeding 8000 V. The main aim is to show that a high performance IGBT can be achieved at this voltage level by implementing the "soft-punch-through" (SPT) concept. Details of the IGBT and diode design and performance are presented. This includes, experimental results for the static and dynamic characteristics under normal and SOA conditions, detailed trade-off curves for a number of design parameters, and cosmic ray induced failure results for the IGBT and diode.
Ghost artifact removal using a parallel imaging approach (2005)

Parallel imaging techniques, which use several receive coils simultaneously, have been shown to enable a significant scan time reduction by subsampling k-space. Nevertheless, the data acquired with multiple coils in parallel exhibit some redundancy if the number of receive coils exceeds the subsampling factor. This redundancy leads to an overdetermination of the reconstruction problem, which is generally used to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, it can yield further information about the quality of the reconstructed image, and can thus be used to identify and correct image artifacts. While some known approaches try to solve this problem in k-space, this study addresses it in the spatial domain and uses a modified SENSE reconstruction to reduce or completely remove ghost-type artifacts arising from processes such as motion or flow during data acquisition. Phantom and in vivo studies show significant improvements in image quality after correction, and serve as a basis for the discussion of the performance and limitations of this new approach.
Reasoning on Both Sides of the Case (1990)

Reasoning on Both Sides of the Case Get access Walter C. Parker Walter C. Parker Walter C. Parker is associate professor of Social Studies Education at the University of Washington, Seattle. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar OAH Magazine of History, Volume 4, Issue 4, Spring 1990, Pages 5–6, https://doi.org/10.1093/maghis/4.4.5 Published: 01 March 1990
Gas Adsorption Characterization of Ordered Organic−Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials (2001)

A critical review of adsorption methods that are currently used in the characterization of ordered organic−inorganic nanocomposite materials is presented, and the adsorption methodology that is potentially useful for this characterization, but has not yet been applied, is discussed. The ordered organic−inorganic nanocomposites include surface-functionalized ordered mesoporous materials (OMMs) with siliceous frameworks (synthesized either via postsynthesis surface modification or via direct co-condensation method), periodic mesoporous organosilicas, and surfactant-containing OMMs. This review covers the methods for determination of the specific surface area and pore volume. The available methods for mesopore size analysis are critically compared and evaluated, with special emphasis on the recent developments related to the application of advanced computational methods for studying adsorption in porous media and to the direct modeling of adsorption using highly ordered surface-functionalized OMMs as model adsorbents. The review also covers adsorption methods for studying the surface properties of organic−inorganic nanocomposites, including those based on adsorption of molecules of different polarities. An emphasis is placed on the emerging opportunity for studying the surface properties of nanocomposites using low-pressure adsorption of nonpolar molecules, such as nitrogen and argon. The opportunities and challenges in adsorption characterization of specific surface sites, uniformity of coated or bonded layers, bonding density of groups on the surface, type of surface species, and so forth, are presented. Thus, this review provides an overview of adsorption studies dealing with organic−inorganic nanocomposites, a critical discussion of adsorption methods available for such studies, and some recommendations for thorough characterization of these materials using gas adsorption.
A novel suction-based lung-stabilizing device for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical procedures (2018)

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has become more commonly used in recent years. To provide a sufficient field of view during these procedures, surgeons must manipulate the lung using conventional devices such as cotton-tipped medical applicators and graspers. However, medical applicators are unable to pull on the target lung lobes, and graspers can damage the lung tissue. We developed a novel suction-based lung-stabilizing silicon device to easily and safely manipulate the lung in order to provide an optimal view during VATS procedures. Here, we describe the use of this device to successfully perform VATS lobectomy in a clinical setting.
Transform-based image enhancement algorithms with performance measure (2001)

This paper presents a new class of the "frequency domain"-based signal/image enhancement algorithms including magnitude reduction, log-magnitude reduction, iterative magnitude and a log-reduction zonal magnitude technique. These algorithms are described and applied for detection and visualization of objects within an image. The new technique is based on the so-called sequency ordered orthogonal transforms, which include the well-known Fourier, Hartley, cosine, and Hadamard transforms, as well as new enhancement parametric operators. A wide range of image characteristics can be obtained from a single transform, by varying the parameters of the operators. We also introduce a quantifying method to measure signal/image enhancement called EME. This helps choose the best parameters and transform for each enhancement. A number of experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
The Effects of Triclosan on Puberty and Thyroid Hormones in Male Wistar Rats (2008)

Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is a potent antibacterial and antifungal compound that is widely used in personal care products, plastics, and fabrics. Recently triclosan has been shown to alter endocrine function in a variety of species. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of triclosan on pubertal development and thyroid hormone concentrations in the male rat. Weanling rats were exposed to 0, 3, 30, 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg of triclosan by oral gavage from postnatal day (PND) 23 to 53. Preputial separation (PPS) was examined beginning on PND 33. Rats were killed on PND 53, organ weights were recorded and serum was collected for subsequent analysis. Triclosan did not affect growth or the onset of PPS. Serum testosterone was significantly decreased at 200 mg/kg, however no effects were observed on androgen-dependent reproductive tissue weights. Triclosan significantly decreased total serum thyroxine (T4) in a dose-dependent manner at 30 mg/kg and higher (no observed effect level of 3 mg/kg). Triiodothyronine (T3) was significantly decreased only at 200 mg/kg, but thyroid stimulating hormone was not statistically different at any dose. Liver weights were significantly increased at 100 mg/kg triclosan and above suggesting that the induction of hepatic enzymes may have contributed to the altered T4 and T3 concentrations, but it does not appear to correlate with the T4 dose-response. This study demonstrates that triclosan exposure does not alter androgen-dependent tissue weights or onset of PPS; however, triclosan exposure significantly impacts thyroid hormone concentrations in the male juvenile rat.
Changes in nasal and oral respiratory resistance before and after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. (1996)

Twelve patients with complaints of sleep apnea were examined with the all-night sleep test. They underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and were studied with the all-night sleep test again 3 to 6 months after the operation. Nasal and oral respiratory resistance was measured in sitting and supine position before and after surgery using a microrhinograph. The physiological effect of UPPP was also compared with the results of an MRI anatomical study. Nasal and oral respiratory resistance was significantly decreased post-operatively (p <0.05). The decreased value of post-operative nasal respiratory resistance in a supine position was more marked than that of oral resistance, suggesting that UPPP eliminates the obstruction at the soft palate, especially in a supine position. Although our study was performed in awake patients enlargement of the airway in the middle pharyngeal region may improve the nasal and oral respiratory function during sleep.
Electronic structure of oxygen deficient amorphous oxide semiconductor a‐InGaZnO<sub>4–<i>x</i></sub>: Optical analyses and first‐principle calculations (2008)

Abstract Defect states in a representative amorphous oxide semiconductor, a‐InGaZnO 4 , were studied by optical analyses and first‐principle calculations. The optical analyses suggested that the as‐deposited a‐IGZO film have weak subgap absorptions around 0.6 and 2 eV. Local density approximation calculations showed that an oxygen defect works as an electron trap as well as a shallow donor depending on its local structure. It suggests that a large vacancy space remained in an oxygen deficient structure forms a deep levels in the band gap and traps electrons, while if such a large space is annihilated e.g. by a film growth process and post thermal annealing, oxygen deficiency may form a shallow donor level. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Casual collaboration [visual interface (1994)

As computers are increasingly used to mediate social interaction, tools are needed not only to support direct communication, but also to create a richer social environment for the networked group. These include tools that provide information about the presence of others and that give the user a sense of the ongoing activities. This paper describes two ongoing research projects in this area. Collaboration-at-a-Glance is a visual interface to an electronic group. It creates an animated image of a remote meeting by compositing pictures of the participants so as to represent their actions. Visual Who is window onto a larger community. Like a window onto a street, it shows the comings and goings of the community members.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increased expression of bitter taste receptors in human allergic nasal mucosa and their contribution to the shrinkage of human nasal mucosa (2016)

TAS2Rs are constitutively expressed in human nasal mucosa and their expression levels are increased in allergic nasal mucosa, where they could potentially contribute to shrinkage of normal and allergic nasal mucosa.
A Class-G Headphone Amplifier in 65 nm CMOS Technology (2010)

This paper presents a class G amplifier based on a low distortion switching principle technique called switching currents injection. The switching circuit enables a very smooth handover between the voltage supply rails obtaining both high efficiency and low distortion. An approach for the evaluation of the switching distortion in a class G amplifier (and the ability of the loop to reject it) is proposed and the results obtained are used to optimize the overall distortion after compression by the feedback loop. The integrated 65 nm CMOS class G headphone driver based on the above concept operates from ±1.4 V and ±0.35 V supplies. At low power level it uses almost exclusively the low voltage supply reducing the dissipation to 1.63 mW @ Pout = 0.5 mW into 32 Ω. At higher power level, where both supplies are used, the smooth transition between the rails allows a THD + N better than -80 dB for Pout ≤ 16 mW into 32 Ω. The SNR is 101 dB, quiescent power is 0.41 m W and active die area is 0.14 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
X-ray spectrum estimation from transmission measurements using the expectation maximization method (2007)

X-ray spectrum estimation remains an active research area for its importance in medical imaging applications such as dose calculation and beam-hardening correction. In this paper, spectrum estimation is posed as an image reconstruction problem and the classical expectation maximization method (EM) for emission computed tomography is used to reconstruct the spectrum from transmission data. And we propose to compute the initial value for the EM iteration using Monte Carlo calculations. Numerical simulations were carried out to test the accuracy and robustness of the method. Experiments were conducted on an experimental CT system to evaluate the practicability of the algorithm. Both the simulations and experiments show that the proposed method can always produce a spectrum which fits the transmission data accurately and exhibits a rational shape.
Criteria for Structuring Surfactants To Maximize Solubilization of Oil and Water: Part 1—Commercial Nonionics (1982)

Abstract The phase behavior of nonionic surfactants having the same hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) but differing molecular weights has been studied. It is shown that the optimal alkane carbon number (ACN) depends on the HLB, but that increasing the hydrophobe molecular weight narrows the middle phase region, increases the solubilization parameter, and decreases the interfacial tension (IFT). We found that the width of the three-phase region is in simple inverse proportion to the solubilization parameter at optimal salinity and that the multiple of IFT times the square of the solubilization is a constant. We also found it possible to synthesize nonionics that rival anionics in the properties mentioned above.
Using many-core coprocessor to boost up Erlang VM (2013)

The trend in processor design is to build more cores on a single chip. Commercial many-core processor is emerging these years. Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor , which is equipped with at least 60 relatively slow cores, is the first commercial many-core product released by Intel. Xeon Phi coprocessor is encapsulated in a PCIe card and communicates with host operating system through a specialized interface library called SCIF. In this paper, we propose a solution that integrates the computing power of multi-core host machine and Xeon Phi many-core coprocessor. The solution is based on the distribution facilities of Erlang. This paper proposes a highly optimized distribution carrier driver based on SCIF. This driver can both exploit the advantage of SCIF to the full and shield the performance gap between host and coprocessor. User applications can make use of the extra computing resources provided by many-core coprocessor without even knowing the existence of it.
Modelling and Control of Robot Manipulators (2000)

This book is the second edition of a textbook published in 1996 by McGraw Hill and originates from a graduate level course given by the authors at the University of Naples. The topics include kinematics, statics and dynamics of robot manipulators together with trajectory planning and active control. There are only minor additions the first edition, which are mainly the use of quaternion to describe the orientation of the end effector and a short description of a closed chain architecture for a manipulator (parallelogram arm). The book is largely devoted to serial manipulators, with special developments about active control including adaptative control, robust controls and stability analysis. Another strength of this book is the great number of problems proposed at the end of each chapter, together with a list of references related to it. The fundamental features covered by the text are illustrated on simple examples of serial manipulators (two-link planar arm, parallelogram arm) including analytical results and numerical tests.
Structure of the rabbit phospholamban gene, cloning of the human cDNA, and assignment of the gene to human chromosome 6 (1991)

We have isolated and characterized genomic DNA clones encoding rabbit phospholamban. Only a single gene for phospholamban was detected in the rabbit genome. The phospholamban gene of 13.2 kilobases contains only one 10.5-kilobase intron, which separates exonic sequences located in the 5'-untranslated region. Two potential transcription initiation sites were mapped to 335 and 185 nucleotides upstream from the translation initiation site in the mRNA or 239 and 89 nucleotides upstream from the exon/intron boundary. Phospholamban gene expression in various smooth muscle tissues, as well as in cardiac and slow twitch skeletal muscle, was detected by Northern blotting. The phospholamban gene was mapped to human chromosome 6, using a human phospholamban cDNA.
Chemical conversions using sheet silicates: simple method for producing methyl t-butyl ether (1980)

A. Bylina, J. M. Adams, S. H. Graham and J. M. Thomas, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1980, 1003 DOI: 10.1039/C39800001003
Potentiometric Anion Selective Sensors (1999)

In comparison with selective receptors (and sensors) for cationic species, work on the selective complexation and detection of anions is of more recent date. There are three important components for a sensor, a transducer element, a membrane material that separates the transducer element and the aqueous solution, and the receptor molecule that introduces the selectivity. This review deals with potentiometric transduction elements that convert membrane potentials into a signal. The structure and properties of membrane materials is discussed. The nature of the anion receptor ultimately determines the selectivity. Both coordination chemistry and hydrogen bonding have been used to design anion receptor molecules. The integration of all three elements by covalent linkage of all elements in durable sensorsystem concludes the review.
Skin Protective Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (2018)

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a catechin and an abundant polyphenol in green tea. Although several papers have evaluated EGCG as a cosmetic constituent, the skin hydration effect of EGCG is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which EGCG promotes skin hydration by measuring <i>hyaluronic acid synthase</i> (<i>HAS</i>) and <i>hyaluronidase</i> (<i>HYAL</i>) gene expression and antioxidant and anti-pigmentation properties using cell proliferation assay, Western blotting analysis, luciferase assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. RT-PCR showed that EGCG increased the expression of natural moisturizing factor-related genes <i>filaggrin</i> (<i>FLG</i>), <i>transglutaminase-1</i>, <i>HAS-1</i>, and <i>HAS-2</i>. Under UVB irradiation conditions, the expression level of <i>HYAL</i> was decreased in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, we confirmed the antioxidant activity of EGCG and also showed a preventive effect against radical-evoked apoptosis by downregulation of caspase-8 and -3 in HaCaT cells. EGCG reduced melanin secretion and production in melanoma cells. Together, these results suggest that EGCG might be used as a cosmetic ingredient with positive effects on skin hydration, moisture retention, and wrinkle formation, in addition to radical scavenging activity and reduction of melanin generation.
Condition Monitoring of Electrolytic Capacitor in Power Electronic Circuits using Adaptive Filter Modeling (2006)

Electrolytic capacitors are responsible for frequent breakdowns of static converters. To set a predictive maintenance, adaptive filter modeling based method is presented using LMS algorithm. Signature of changes in capacitance and ESR will reflect in capacitor ripple voltage because of aging; and these changes are monitored using this adaptive filter modeling to predict the future status of the capacitor using only the input current of the system