gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time estimation of human impedance for haptic interfaces (2009)

Humans significantly vary the impedance of their limbs during many manipulation tasks and during interaction with their environment. Humans vary their impedance to reduce contact forces, to increase positional control, and to stabilize unstable dynamics. The neuromuscular system modulates overall limb impedance by strategically selecting appropriate limb configurations and by selective activation of musculature. To date, haptic interfaces neither respond to nor measure these effects. We seek a real-time measurement technique to estimate user impedance, with the hope of enabling variable impedance based control of telerobots and haptic environments. We propose that such a measure might be generated through the introduction of controlled vibrations to the user through a haptic device. A model for such a system and its implications on device design is described. The results of preliminary study using a prototype device are compared to reference measurements of user stiffness and grip force.
Entorhinal Cortex Involvement in Human Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Electrophysiologic and Volumetric Study (2005)

These results validate the potential role of volumetry to predict the epileptogenesis of the EC in patients with hippocampal sclerosis and MTLE.
Epoxy-Based Nonlinear Optical Polymers from Post Azo Coupling Reaction (1997)

A series of novel second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers have been developed based on a precursor polymer prepared from the diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A and aniline. The precursor polymer was postfunctionalized by azo coupling reaction and tricyanovinylation to form a number of NLO polymers with different conjugation lengths and electron acceptors. Post azo coupling reaction enabled the introduction of chromophores and extension of the conjugation lengths of the chromophores to take place in a single-step reaction. The chromophores introduced in the polymer system through covalent bonding not only define the NLO properties but also significantly modify other physical properties of the polymers. In this work, the correlation between chromophore structure and NLO polymer properties was extensively studied and the knowledge base was used to optimize polymer properties at the same time. The d33 value of 66 pm/V at 1.542 μm was determined for a representative polymer of the class containing tricyanovinyl azo chromophores. The NLO properties of these polymers exhibit long-term stability at 80 °C.
Steam Reforming and Related Reactions in Hydrogen-permselective Membrane Reactor. (1996)

Selective and efficient permeation of H2 was accomplished by a thin Pd or Pd-Ag alloy membrane supported on porous alumina ceramics. Such membranes were prepared by deposition of Pd or Pd and Ag on the outer surface of the support cylinder by an electroless plating technique.It was found that either steam or CO2 reforming of CH4 was promoted beyond equilibrium by use of a membrane reactor with the Pd/ceramic composite membrane at temperatures as low as 773K. In spite of a similar type of reforming, a quite different pattern of reaction products was obtained in the membrane reactor: H2 and CO2 from steam reforming, and H2 and CO (syngas) from CO2 reforming. Nickel catalyzed carbon-free steam reforming, and the level of CH4 conversion depended on the efficiency of the membrane for H2 permeation since the rate of H2 production was sufficiently higher than that of H2 permeation. On the contrary, carbon deposition extensively took place in CO2 reforming on Ni catalyst, while alumina-supported noble metals showed far less selectivities for carbon deposition than did Ni even in the membrane reactor. Differing from the activity sequence observed in the conventional reaction system, it was found in membrane reactor that it decreased in the order: Rh-Pt>Pd>Ru>Ir, due to contamination of the active surface. Among the noble metal catalysts tested, Pt supported on Al2O3-La2O3 and Al2O3-CeO2 was effective without significant carbon deposition to enable prolonged activity. The membrane reactor can provide a partial oxidation process with utilization of air instead of pure O2 to produce H2 or syngas.
Pharmacological complications of the chronic baclofen infusion in the severe spinal spasticity. Personal experience and review of the literature. (2004)

Lethal pharmacological complications are rare and, if promptly diagnosed and treated, are reversible. Side effects of minor importance can impair the patient quality of live and needed to be adjusted to patient's requirements. This kind of therapy should be restricted to specialized centres.
Thermal Analysis of a Rolling Tire (1970)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A complete steady-state thermal analysis was made for a rolling passenger tire. A numerical network analysis was used which involved the solution of a set of simultaneous heat balance equations. Conduction within the tire, conduction to the road surface, convection to the contained air and to the surrounding air, and radiation from the outside and inside surfaces of the tire were taken into account. The experimentally measured infrared surface temperature distribution was used as input data. The results gave the complete distribution of temperatures and rates of heat generation in the tire. The calculated power loss and shoulder temperature of the tire agreed well with experimental results obtained on an indoor road wheel. Radial and bias ply rayon tires of equivalent size were compared. The radial tire ran cooler and had lower power loss.</div>
Building and Testing PPARγ Therapeutic ELB00824 with an Improved Therapeutic Window for Neuropathic Pain (2020)

Effective, non-addictive therapeutics for chronic pain remain a critical need. While there are several potential therapeutics that stimulate anti-inflammatory mechanisms to restore homeostasis in the spinal dorsal horn microenvironment, the effectiveness of drugs for neuropathic pain are still inadequate. The convergence of increasing knowledge about the multi-factorial mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain and the mechanisms of drug action from preclinical studies are providing the ability to create pharmaceuticals with better clinical effectiveness. By targeting and activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma subunit (PPARγ), numerous preclinical studies report pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones (TDZ) beyond their intended use of increasing insulin, including their anti-inflammatory, renal, cardioprotective, and oncopreventative effects. Several studies find TDZs reduce pain-related behavioral symptoms, including ongoing secondary hypersensitivity driven by central sensitization. Previous studies find increased PPARγ in the spinal cord and brain regions innervated by incoming afferent nerve endings after the induction of neuropathic pain models. PPARγ agonist treatment provides an effective reduction in pain-related behaviors, including anxiety. Data further suggest that improved brain mitochondrial bioenergetics after PPARγ agonist treatment is a key mechanism for reducing hypersensitivity. This review emphasizes two points relevant for the development of better chronic pain therapies. First, employing neuropathic pain models with chronic duration is critical since they can encompass the continuum of molecular and brain circuitry alterations arising over time when pain persists, providing greater relevance to clinical pain syndromes. Assisting in that effort are preclinical models of chronic trigeminal pain syndromes. Secondly, considering the access to nerve and brain neurons and glia across the blood-brain barrier is important. While many therapies have low brain penetrance, a PPARγ agonist with better brain penetrance, ELB00824, has been developed. Purposeful design and recent comparative testing indicate that ELB00824 is extraordinarily efficient and efficacious. ELB00824 provides greatly improved attenuation of pain-related behaviors, including mechanical hypersensitivity, anxiety, and depression in our chronic trigeminal nerve injury models. Physiochemical properties allowing significant brain access and toxicity testing are discussed.
Body surface area estimation in children using weight alone: application in paediatric oncology (2001)

The majority of chemotherapy regimens and trials specify doses of cytotoxic drugs normalized to body surface area. Estimation of BSA in paediatric patients is particularly problematic, as conventional nomograms require accurate determination of both height and weight. The chemotherapy standards group of the UKCCSG (United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group) has evaluated a method for calculation of body surface area (BSA) estimation, based solely on patient weight. In comparison with BSA estimations using 2 commonly used methods, which require both weight and height measurements, deviation in the estimate of BSA was less than 10%. This method may be extended to the dosing of chemotherapeutic agents in infants of body weight less than 10 kg, with appropriate recommendations for dose modification. Until better correlates of drug clearance, such as GFR for carboplatin, are identified BSA is used to standardize doses for most chemotherapeutic agents. The formula presented here provides a more robust and reliable method of calculation of BSA from weight alone. Although this approach has been shown to be equivalent to other currently used methods, care should be taken extending this calculation of BSA to children less than 10 kg, to obese patients and to those with cachexia.
MHC Class II Pseudogene and Genomic Signature of a 32-kb Cosmid in the House Finch (<i>Carpodacus mexicanus</i>) (2000)

Large-scale sequencing studies in vertebrates have thus far focused primarily on the genomes of a few model organisms. Birds are of interest to genomics because of their much smaller and highly streamlined genomes compared to mammals. However, large-scale genetic work has been confined almost exclusively to the chicken; we know little about general aspects of genomes in nongame birds. This study examines the organization of a genomic region containing an Mhc class II B gene in a representative of another important lineage of the avian tree, the songbirds (Passeriformes). We used a shotgun sequencing approach to determine the sequence of a 32-kb cosmid insert containing a strongly hybridizing Mhc fragment from house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus). There were a total of three genes found on the cosmid clone, about the gene density expected for the mammalian Mhc: a class II Mhc beta-chain gene (Came-DAB1), a serine-threonine kinase, and a zinc finger motif. Frameshift mutations in both the second and third exons of Came-DAB1 and the unalignability of the gene after the third exon suggest that it is a nonfunctional pseudogene. In addition, the identifiable introns of Came-DAB1 are more than twice as large as those of chickens. Nucleotide diversity in the peptide-binding region of Came-DAB1 (Pi = 0.03) was much lower than polymorphic chicken and other functional Mhc genes but higher than the expected diversity for a neutral locus in birds, perhaps because of hitchhiking on a selected Mhc locus close by. The serine-threonine kinase gene is likely functional, whereas the zinc finger motif is likely nonfunctional. A paucity of long simple-sequence repeats and retroelements is consistent with emerging rules of chicken genomics, and a pictorial analysis of the "genomic signature" of this sequence, the first of its kind for birds, bears strong similarity to mammalian signatures, suggesting common higher-order structures in these homeothermic genomes. The house finch sequence is among a very few of its kind from nonmodel vertebrates and provides insight into the evolution of the avian Mhc and of avian genomes generally.
Effect of Hot Water Immersion on Sensory Properties of Non-Refrigerated Peanuts1 (1988)

Abstract Sensory properties of Fla Early Bunch and NC 7 peanuts immersed in hot water at 79 C for 90 sec and subjected to non-refrigerated storage were evaluated. Sensory scores were lower for immersed peanuts than the non-immersed peanuts, however the attributes for the immersed peanuts were not scored lower than borderline throughout storage. Flavor scores for both cultivars ranged between 6 for slightly good and 7 for moderately good. Significant cultivar differences were observed for color at the initial month and flavor at 2, 5, and 8 mo. NC 7 peanuts had significantly higher flavor sensory scores than the Fla Early Bunch nuts. Duo trio tests showed that panelists detected significant differences between non-immersed and immersed peanuts at the eighth month of storage.
3D Game Engine Design (2006)

A major revision of the international bestseller on game programming!Graphics hardware has evolved enormously in the last decade. Hardware can now be directly controlled through techniques such as shader programming, which requires an entirely new thought process of a programmer. 3D Game Engine Design, Second Edition shows step-by-step how to make
Molybdothiol and Molybdoselenol Complex Catalysts (1980)

In the reduction of acetylene with molybdothiol and molybdoselenol complex catalysts, the effects of structural variation in ligands, variety of coordination-donor atom, kind of transition-metal ion, and other factors have been surveyed systematically. These factors have profound effects on the catalytic activity. The Mo complexes of cysteamine (or selenocysteamine), its N,Ndimethyl derivative, and its β,β-dimethyl derivative give ethylene, ethane, and 1,3-butadiene, respectively, as the major product. The Co(II) complexes of cysteine and cysteamine show higher catalytic activity than do the corresponding Mo complexes, and the order of the activity in the donor atom, namely S > Se » O in the Co(II) complexes is consistent with that in the Mo complex systems. On the basis of electron spin resonance (ESR) features of these Mo complex catalysts, a relationship between their ESR characteristics and catalytic activities is discussed.
Formation of Hollow Nanocrystals Through the Nanoscale Kirkendall Effect (2004)

Hollow nanocrystals can be synthesized through a mechanism analogous to the Kirkendall Effect, in which pores form because of the difference in diffusion rates between two components in a diffusion couple. Starting with cobalt nanocrystals, we show that their reaction in solution with oxygen and either sulfur or selenium leads to the formation of hollow nanocrystals of the resulting oxide and chalcogenides. This process provides a general route to the synthesis of hollow nanostructures of a large number of compounds. A simple extension of the process yielded platinum-cobalt oxide yolk-shell nanostructures, which may serve as nanoscale reactors in catalytic applications.
Efficient decoding of generalized low-density parity-check codes based on long component codes (2004)

A class of pseudo-random compound error-correcting codes, called generalized low density (GLD) parity-check codes, has been proposed recently. As a generalization of Gallager's low-density parity check (LPDC) codes, GLD codes are also asymptotically good in the sense of minimum distance criterion and can be effectively decoded based on iterative soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoding of individual constituent codes. The code performance and decoding complexity of GLD codes are heavily dependent on the employed SISO decoding algorithm. In this paper, we present an efficient SISO decoding algorithm for GLD codes. The proposed algorithm utilizes Kaneko's decoding algorithm for soft-input hard-output decoding. These hard outputs are converted to soft-decision using reliability calculations. The algorithm proposed here presents a major advantage over existing decoding algorithms for GLD codes by being applicable even when long and powerful component codes are used. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is less than that of trellis-based decoding algorithms with a performance degradation of only 0.3 dB.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage in the rat: angiography and fluorescence microscopy of the major cerebral arteries. (1985)

A subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in the rat was produced by the injection of blood via a previously implanted catheter connected to the cisterna magna. Repeated angiographical examinations of the vertebro-basilar arteries revealed a biphasic vasospasm with a maximal acute spasm at ten minutes and a maximal late spasm at two days after cisternal blood injection. Fluorescence microscopical examination of the major cerebral arteries at day two after the SAH revealed a reduction in the fluorescence intensity and in the number of histochemically visible sympathetic nerve terminals.
VCTV: A Video-On-Demand Market Test (1993)

The market potential for interactive video services and the broadband networks necessary to support these services are of great interest to both the telecommunications and cable television (CATV) industries. Both industries are involved in intensive evaluations of interactive video services. The cost to provide and maintain broadband networks is being compared to potential consumer demand and willingness to pay. This paper presents these issues and describes a market trial being jointly conducted by AT&T Network Systems, U S West, and Tele-Communications, Inc. (TCI), under the name of Viewer-Controlled Cable Television (VCTV).
Enhancing Virus-Specific Immunity In Vivo by Combining Therapeutic Vaccination and PD-L1 Blockade in Chronic Hepadnaviral Infection (2014)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence is facilitated by exhaustion of CD8 T cells that express the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Improvement of the HBV-specific T cell function has been obtained in vitro by inhibiting the PD-1/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) interaction. In this study, we examined whether in vivo blockade of the PD-1 pathway enhances virus-specific T cell immunity and leads to the resolution of chronic hepadnaviral infection in the woodchuck model. The woodchuck PD-1 was first cloned, characterized, and its expression patterns on T cells from woodchucks with acute or chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection were investigated. Woodchucks chronically infected with WHV received a combination therapy with nucleoside analogue entecavir (ETV), therapeutic DNA vaccination and woodchuck PD-L1 antibody treatment. The gain of T cell function and the suppression of WHV replication by this therapy were evaluated. We could show that PD-1 expression on CD8 T cells was correlated with WHV viral loads during WHV infection. ETV treatment significantly decreased PD-1 expression on CD8 T cells in chronic carriers. In vivo blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway on CD8 T cells, in combination with ETV treatment and DNA vaccination, potently enhanced the function of virus-specific T cells. Moreover, the combination therapy potently suppressed WHV replication, leading to sustained immunological control of viral infection, anti-WHs antibody development and complete viral clearance in some woodchucks. Our results provide a new approach to improve T cell function in chronic hepatitis B infection, which may be used to design new immunotherapeutic strategies in patients.
Nasal sprays : ear, nose and throat (2013)

Nasal sprays are administered locally, mostly to improve nasal symptoms, such as congestion, dryness, itching or sneezing. Nasal congestion can affect breathing and can lead to headaches, earache (occasionally), sleep disturbances and daytime fatigue. Nasal sprays that contain saline or decongestants can alleviate these symptoms and improve quality of life, if used appropriately and correctly.
Silica Supported Molecular Palladium Catalyst for Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Aromatic Compounds under Mild Conditions (2019)

The molecular complex chloro(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine-4′-carboxylic acid)palladium(II) chloride was synthesized and was attached to the surface of amorphous silicon dioxide to generate a molecular/heterogeneous catalyst motif. This catalytic system exhibited excellent selectivity (>99%) for hydrodeoxygenation of oxygenated aromatics under mild reaction conditions. A kinetic analysis showed that this molecular/heterogeneous catalyst was an order of magnitude more active than analogous homogeneous catalysts. Characterization techniques such as XRD and solid-state NMR, in conjunction with ICP-MS, indicate that the molecular catalyst is present on the surface of SiO2 and the formation of unwanted metallic Pd nanoparticles can be avoided. Computational modeling shows the catalysts can adhere to the oxide surface through a hydrogen bonding interaction, via a Coulombic attraction between the charged molecule and the oxide surface, or through covalent bonding. Postreaction analysis of the surface-modified oxide catalysts confirmed prolonged molecular integrity of the catalyst and sustained binding of the catalyst to the oxide surface when nonpolar solvents were employed for reactions. These surface-attached molecular catalysts thus were recycled through multiple catalytic reactions.
Key Regression: Enabling Efficient Key Distribution for Secure Distributed Storage. (2005)

The Plutus file system introduced the notion of key rotation as a means to derive a sequence of temporally-related keys from the most recent key. In this paper we show that, despite natural intuition to the contrary, key rotation schemes cannot generically be used to key other cryptographic objects; in fact, keying an encryption scheme with the output of a key rotation scheme can yield a composite system that is insecure. To address these shortcomings, we introduce a new cryptographic object called a key regression scheme, and we propose three constructions that are provably secure under standard cryptographic assumptions. We implement key regression in a secure file system and empirically show that key regression can significantly reduce the bandwidth requirements of a content publisher under realistic workloads using lazy revocation. Our experiments also serve as the first empirical evaluation of either a key rotation or key
The Ets-1 and Ets-2 transcription factors activate the promoters for invasion-associated urokinase and collagenase genes in response to epidermal growth factor (1998)

Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) has been associated with invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. The expression of uPA and 92 kDa type IV collagenase (gelatinase B/MMP-9) is regulated by growth factors, receptor-type tyrosine kinases and cytoplasmic oncoproteins. Here, we have identified transcriptional requirements for the induction of uPA and 92 kDa type IV collagenase by epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF stimulates the motile and invasive activities specifically in the ErbB-2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 cells. Expression of extracellular matrix-degrading proteases including type I collagenase/MMP-1, 92 kDa type IV collagenase/MMP-9, uPA and uPA receptor were induced. EGF also transiently stimulated expression of the transcription factors Ets-1 and Ets-2. Reporter transfection assays revealed the activation of uPA and MMP-9 collagenase promoters by EGF and the requirement of each of the composite Ets and AP-1 transcription factor binding sites for an EGF response. Most notably, transfections with the Ets-1 and Ets-2 expression vectors potentiated uPA and MMP-9 promoter activation in response to EGF. Mutation of the threonine 75 residue of chicken Ets-2 conserved in the Pointed group of the Ets family proteins abrogated the ability of Ets-2 to collaborate with EGF. Ets-1 and Ets-2 were highly expressed in invasive breast tumor cell lines. Our results suggest that Ets-1 and Ets-2 provide the link connecting EGF stimuli with activation of uPA and 92 kDa type IV collagenase promoters and may contribute to invasion phenotypes.
Digital Mammography Screening: Does Age Influence the Detection Rates of Low-, Intermediate-, and High-Grade Ductal Carcinoma in Situ? (2015)

Total DCIS detection rates increase with age, mostly because of an increase in high- and intermediate-grade DCIS, which are precursor lesions that carry a higher risk for transition to more aggressive invasive breast cancer than low-grade DCIS.