gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ED U C A C I Ó N Y FU T U R O (2007)

These pages intend to be a help to manage one's personal and professional time efficiently. They are targeted to teachers, executives and also students. Starting with the analysis of the use of inner and outer time, a few tools and techniques to improve it are shown.
Exonuclease mutations in DNA polymerase epsilon reveal replication strand specific mutation patterns and human origins of replication (2014)

Tumors with somatic mutations in the proofreading exonuclease domain of DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE-exo*) exhibit a novel mutator phenotype, with markedly elevated TCT→TAT and TCG→TTG mutations and overall mutation frequencies often exceeding 100 mutations/Mb. Here, we identify POLE-exo* tumors in numerous cancers and classify them into two groups, A and B, according to their mutational properties. Group A mutants are found only in POLE, whereas Group B mutants are found in POLE and POLD1 and appear to be nonfunctional. In Group A, cell-free polymerase assays confirm that mutations in the exonuclease domain result in high mutation frequencies with a preference for C→A mutation. We describe the patterns of amino acid substitutions caused by POLE-exo* and compare them to other tumor types. The nucleotide preference of POLE-exo* leads to increased frequencies of recurrent nonsense mutations in key tumor suppressors such as TP53, ATM, and PIK3R1. We further demonstrate that strand-specific mutation patterns arise from some of these POLE-exo* mutants during genome duplication. This is the first direct proof of leading strand-specific replication by human POLE, which has only been demonstrated in yeast so far. Taken together, the extremely high mutation frequency and strand specificity of mutations provide a unique identifier of eukaryotic origins of replication.
A flip-chip single-pole three-throw switch with integrated bypass LNA for WLAN applications (2009)

A SP3T switch with an integrated bypass LNA has been designed as a flip-chip die using a GaAs E/D PHEMT process. The part consists of a standard three-throw switch with TX, RX and Bluetooth ports and includes a single-stage LNA featuring a low-gain/shut-off bypass path integrated on the die. The LNA bypass/shut-off functionality is achieved utilizing an enhancement-mode PHEMT to control biasing. GaAs wafer bumping is a technology that various M/A-COM Technology Solutions (MTS) customers are mandating in order to participate on next generation products. The main advantages of flip-chip technology over a conventional wire bonded plastic package are smaller footprint, reduced weight and improved electrical performance.
A novel automated lumen segmentation and classification algorithm for detection of irregular protrusion after stents deployment (2019)

Therefore, we can lead to better understanding of the overall vascular status and help to determine cardiovascular diagnosis.
Detection of extracellular neutrophil elastase in hamster lungs after intratracheal instillation of E. coli lipopolysaccharide using a fluorogenic, elastase-specific, synthetic substrate. (1992)

Repeated intratracheal instillations of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in hamster lungs cause an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the alveolar walls, with concomitant development of severe emphysema. It has been suggested that elastase, released by these PMNs, is involved in the development of emphysema. This study demonstrates the release of elastase from recruited PMNs in cryostat sections of hamster lungs, after being treated once, twice, or thrice with LPS, intratracheally. Elastase activity was visualized using two elastase-specific synthetic substrates, to which a methoxynaphthylamine (MNA) group had been bound covalently. Liberated MNA, when made insoluble by coupling with 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde, fluoresces strongly. The authors observed that the interval between start of incubation and appearance of fluorescence and the intensity of fluorescence correlated with the number of LPS administrations. Fluorescence was observed to be located in or in close vicinity to alveolar walls. No fluorescence was observed in sections of untreated hamsters. Liberation of MNA from synthetic substrates was delayed strongly by the addition of a recombinant secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor or a substituted cephalosporin neutrophil elastase inhibitor. The authors conclude that LPS-mediated PMN influx into the lung is accompanied by release of elastase from these cells and speculate that this PMN-elastase is involved in the development of LPS-mediated emphysema.
Essential Roles of mTOR/Akt Pathway in Aurora-A Cell Transformation (2009)

We have recently demonstrated that Aurora-A kinase is a potential oncogene to develop mammary gland tumors in mice, when expressed under MMTV promoter. These tumors contain phosphorylated forms of Akt and mTOR, suggesting that Akt-mTOR pathway is involved in transformed phenotype induced by Aurora-A. In the present studies, we discovered that stable cell lines expressing Aurora-A contain phosphorylation of Akt Ser473 after prolonged passages of cell culture, not in cells of the early period of cell culture. Levels of PTEN tumor suppressor are significantly reduced in these late passage cells at least in part due to increased poly ubiquitination of the protein. Akt-activated Aurora-A cells formed larger colonies in soft agar and are resistant to UV-induced apoptosis. Aurora-A inhibitor, VX-680, can cause cell death of Aurora-A cells in which Akt is not activated. siRNA-mediated depletion of mTOR in those cells resulted in decreased phosphorylation of Akt Ser473, suggesting that TORC2 complex phosphorylates Akt in Aurora-A cells. Treatment of late-passage Aurora-A cells with mTOR inhibitor reduced colony formation in soft agar. These results strongly suggest that commitment of cell transformation by Aurora-A is determined by at least co-activation of Akt/mTOR pathway.
Modulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors and membrane-associated IGF-binding proteins in endometrial cancer cells by estradiol. (1995)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors and membrane-associated IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) were examined in Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells. Our findings suggest that about 95% of [125I]IGF-I is bound to membrane-associated IGFBPs rather than to IGF-I receptors. Specifically, [125I]IGF-I binding to cell membranes could be completely displaced by cold IGF-I or IGF-II, but not by insulin, suggesting that binding was primarily due to IGFBPs. This was confirmed by using [125I]des-(1-3)IGF-I as the ligand. Des-(1-3) IGF-I binds with high affinity to IGF-I receptors, but with markedly lower affinity to IGFBPs. [125I]Des-(1-3)IGF-I bound to Ishikawa cells was displaced by IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin. These results suggest that measuring IGF-I receptor levels using labeled IGF-I may be misleading. Accordingly, we evaluated the differential binding of [125I]IGF-I and [125I]des-(1-3)IGF-I to study the involvement of the IGF system in the stimulation of Ishikawa cell growth by estradiol. IGF-I stimulates Ishikawa cell proliferation, but at low concentrations, and this stimulation is largely dependent on the presence of estradiol. Estradiol caused a 2.5-fold increase in IGF-I receptor levels. Moreover, estradiol reduced soluble IGFBP levels, presumably increasing the availability of IGFs for their receptors. This elevation in IGF-I receptor levels and the decrease in IGFBP levels were accompanied by a 3.5-fold increase in IGF-I receptor messenger RNA and a 2.5-fold decrease in IGFBP messenger RNAs. These experiments suggest that estradiol sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to the effects of IGFs by simultaneously elevating receptor levels and decreasing (potentially inhibitory) IGFBP levels.
Homoleptic Divalent Dialkyl Lanthanide-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrocoupling of Silanes and Amines (2016)

The rare-earth bis(alkyl) compound Sm{C(SiHMe2)3}2THF2 (1b) is prepared by the reaction of samarium(II) iodide and 2 equiv of KC(SiHMe2)3. This synthesis is similar to that of previously reported Yb{C(SiHMe2)3}2THF2 (1a), and compounds 1a,b are isostructural. Reactions of 1b and 1 or 2 equiv of B(C6F5)3 afford SmC(SiHMe2)3HB(C6F5)3THF2 (2b) or Sm{HB(C6F5)3}2THF2 (3b), respectively, and 1,3-disilacyclobutane {Me2Si-C(SiHMe2)2}2 as a byproduct. Bands from 2300 to 2400 cm–1 assigned to νBH in the IR spectra and highly paramagnetically shifted signals in the 11B NMR spectra of 2b and 3b provided evidence for Sm-coordinated HB(C6F5)3. Compounds 1a,b react with the bulky N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene (ImtBu) to displace both THF ligands and give three-coordinate monoadducts Ln{C(SiHMe2)3}2ImtBu (Ln = Yb (4a), Sm (4b)). Complexes 4a,b catalyze cross-dehydrocoupling of organosilanes with primary and secondary amines at room temperature to give silazanes and H2, whereas 1a,b are not effective catalysts under these conditions. Second-order plots of ln{[Et2NH]/[Ph2SiH2]} vs time for 4a-catalyzed dehydrocoupling are linear and indicate first-order dependences on silane and amine concentrations. However, changes in the experimental rate law with increased silane concentration or decreased amine concentration reveal inhibition by silane. In addition, excess ImtBu or THF inhibit the reaction rate. These data, along with the structures of 4a,b, suggest that the bulky carbene favors low coordination numbers, which is important for accessing the catalytically active species.
Generalized Comb Decimation Filters for <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\Sigma\Delta$</tex></formula> A/D Converters: Analysis and Design (2007)

This paper addresses the design of generalized comb decimation filters, proposing some novel decimation schemes tailored to SigmaDelta modulators. We present a mathematical framework to optimize the proposed decimation filters in such a way as to increase the SigmaDelta quantization noise (QN) rejection around the so called folding bands, frequency intervals whose QN gets folded down to baseband because of the decimation process. Comparisons are given in terms of passband drop and selectivity with respect to classic comb filters with orders ranging from 3 to 6. As far as the practical implementation of the proposed filters is concerned, we present two different architectures, namely a recursive and a nonrecursive implementation, the latter of which constitutes the basis for realizing multiplier-less generalized comb filter (GCF) realizations. We propose a mathematical framework for evaluating the sensitivity of GCFs to the approximation of the multipliers embedded in the filter architectures. The considerations deduced from the sensitivity analysis, pave the way to an optimization algorithm useful for approximating the multipliers with power-of-2 coefficients
Closed-Loop Space Time Block Coding for High Data Rate with Angle Feedback (2011)

Transmit diversity schemes with multiple streams obtain reliable transmission but suffer from interference when decoding multiple streams simultaneously. In this paper, we present closed-loop space-time block codes for multiple streams with limited channel information in order to ease suppressing interference at a receiving station. The proposed scheme includes constellation rotation in Alamouti coding pairs by feedback angle information. The sub-optimum solution for feedback angle is found to maximize the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Simulation results show the proposed scheme with only a few bits feedback achieves nearly full diversity gain with reduced interference.
Geometric requirements for photonic lanterns in space division multiplexing (2012)

We investigate the use of "photonic lanterns" as adiabatic mode converters for space-division multiplexing (SDM) systems to interface multiple single-mode fibers to a multi-mode fiber. In a SDM system, minimizing the coupling loss and mode-dependent loss best utilizes all spatial modes of the fiber which increases the capacity, the transmission distance, and minimizes the outage probability. We use modal analysis, the beam propagation method, and a transfer matrix technique to analyze the lanterns throughput along with its mode dependent loss and show that unitary coupling between single-mode fibers and a multi-mode fiber is only possible by optimizing the arrangements of the cores. Results include simulations for three, 12, 15, and 51 core lanterns to couple to six, 24, 30, and 102 spatial and polarization modes, respectively.
Ladungstrennung in angeregten Zuständen entkoppelter Systeme – TICT-Verbindungen und Implikationen für die Entwicklung neuer Laserfarbstoffe sowie für den Primärprozeß von Sehvorgang und Photosynthese (1986)

Das Verständnis der dualen Fluoreszenz bestimmter aromatischer Systeme hat in den letzten Jahren große Fortschritte gemacht. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die damit verbundene starke Ladungstrennung mit einer verdrillten Anordnung (oder geringen Überlappung) der Chromophore verknüpft ist. Neuere theoretische Modelle können die Verdrillung von Systemen in einem angeregten Zustand sowohl um eine Einfachbindung (TICT-Verbindungen) als auch um eine Doppelbindung (Olefine) in einem einheitlichen Bild beschreiben. Dadurch kann das photophysikalische Verhalten vieler organischer, anorganischer und biologisch relevanter Verbindungen besser verstanden werden, und es wird durch Anwendung dieser Modelle auf Laserfarbstoffe und Fluoreszenzsonden ein Weg zu neuen „maßgeschneiderten”︁ Fluoreszenzmaterialien gewiesen. Auf die Primärprozesse des Sehvorgangs und der Photosynthese angewandt, können diese Modelle zu einem tieferen Verständnis grundlegender photobiologischer Prozesse führen.
Resurrecting Brinley Plots for a Novel Use: Meta‐Analyses of Functional Brain Imaging Data in Older Adults (2007)

By plotting response times of young and older adults across a variety of tasks, Brinley spurred investigation and debate into the theory of general cognitive slowing. Though controversial, Brinley plots can assess between-task differences, the impact of increasing task demand, and the relationship between responses in two groups of subjects. Since a relationship exists between response times and the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of functional MRI (fMRI), Brinley's plotting method could be applied as a meta-analysis tool in fMRI studies of aging. Here, fledgling "Peiffer plots" are discussed for their potential impact on understanding general cognitive brain activity in aging. Preliminary results suggest that general cognitive slowing may be localized at the sensorimotor transformation in the precentral gyrus. Although this meta-analysis method is naturally used with imaging studies of aging, theoretically it may be applied to other study pairs (e.g., schizophrenic versus normal) or imaging datasets (e.g., PET).
Vector approach for self-excitation and control of induction machine in stand-alone wind power generation (2011)

This study presents a detailed investigation on self-excitation of a squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) used in a wind energy conversion system. Air-gap flux of the SCIG is gradually built up through controlled current injection from a voltage source converter (VSC), connected directly across its stator terminals. Dc voltage of the VSC is ramped from a small initial value, which is the rectified output of the small terminal voltage developed because of remanent magnetism. Increase in air-gap flux increases generator terminal voltage and output power which further increases the dc bus voltage. The field-oriented control method is appropriately applied both for control of voltage build-up as well as dynamic transients. The critical factors deciding this collaborative excitation are analysed and sufficient conditions are derived analytically. System modelling and analytical results are validated through numerical simulation and verified on a 2.2 kW laboratory prototype.
Angiotensin II Analogues. Part II. Synthesis and incorporation of the sulfur‐containing aromatic amino acids: <scp>L</scp>‐(4′‐SH)Phe, <scp>L</scp>‐(4′‐SO<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>)Phe, <scp>L</scp>‐(4′‐SO)Phe and <scp>L</scp>‐(4′‐S‐CH<sub>3</sub>)Phe (1983)

Abstract L ‐Phenylalanine has been treated with chlorosulfonic acid and the product was either hydrolyzed, ammonolyzed or reduced. The resulting sulfonic‐acid and aminosulfonyl derivatives have been employed for peptide synthesis with Boc‐protection of the N α ‐position only. The reduction product L ‐(4′‐SH)Phe has been protected by formation of asymmetric disulfides or with various thiol protecting groups (benzyl‐, methyl‐ and acetamidomethyl groups, the latter being the most suitable for peptide synthesis). With these protected amino acids several analogues of angiotensin II have been synthesized by the solid‐phase method. These analogues have been used for structure‐activity relationship studies on three different bioassays.
Polyaniline: A conductive polymer coating for durable nanospray emitters (2000)

Despite the tremendous sensitivity and lower sample requirements for nanospray vs. conventional electrospray, metallized nanospray emitters have suffered from one of two problems: low mechanical stability (leading to emitter failure) or lengthy, tedious production methods. Here, we describe a simple alternative to metallized tips using polyaniline (PANI), a synthetic polymer well known for its high conductivity, anticorrosion properties, antistatic properties, and mechanical stability. A simple method for coating borosilicate emitters (1.2 mm o.d.) pulled to fine tapers (4 +/- 1 microm) with water-soluble and xylene-soluble dispersions of conductive polyaniline (which allows for electrical contact at the emitter outlet) is described. The polyaniline-coated emitters show high durability and are resistant to electrical discharge, likely because of the thick (yet optically transparent) coatings; a single emitter can be used over a period of days for multiple samples with no visible indication of the destruction of the polyaniline coating. The optical transparency of the coating also allows the user to visualize the sample plug loaded into the emitter. Examples of nanospray using coatings of the water-soluble and xylene-soluble polyaniline dispersions are given. A comparison of PANI-coated and gold-coated nanospray emitters to conventional electrospray ionization (ESI) show that PANI-coated emitters provide similar enhanced sensitivity that gold-coated emitters exhibit vs. conventional ESI.
Reactions of Cyclohexyl and Aryl Pyrazinyl Sulfoxides with Trifluoroacetic Anhydride (1991)

Cyclohexyl pyrazinyl sulfoxides reacted with trifluoroacetic anhydride to give 1-cyclohexenyl pyrazinyl sulfides and/or cyclohexyl hydroxypyrazinyl sulfides. The presence of alkyl groups on the pyrazine ring is essential to obtain the latter compounds
Quality losses in virgin olive oil due to washing and short‐term storage before olive milling (2015)

To identify critical points during olive mill pre‐processing operations, the effect of the closed circuit washing stage on olive microbiological contamination, and the influence of the successive short‐term storage on olives and virgin olive oil (VOO) quality were evaluated. Microbiological, physical, and chemical parameters were assessed in olives and oils at three mill pre‐processing stages: reception, washing, and short‐term storage. Olive washing in closed loop systems was shown to be a critical control point at the olive mill due to microbiological cross‐contamination and fruit physical damage. Moreover, when the olives were short‐term stored before oil extraction, positive VOO sensory attributes decreased by as much as one point of intensity, as justified by the changes observed in phenolic and lipoxygenase derived volatile compounds. These results confirm the high risk of fruit cross‐contamination due to the poor hygiene of the water used in olives mills to wash olives, and point out the effect on VOO quality of a common practice such as short term silo storage of olives. Practical applications: The identification of new critical control points within pre‐processing operations in ordinary usage, and commonly accepted as good production practices, will contribute to enhance virgin olive oil quality. Preventive actions can be undertaken on the basis of the reported results, such as the control of water hygiene and short term storage conditions. The figure shows the microbiological contamination of olives during washing with recycled water and during short‐term silo storage, and the loss of sensory quality in the correspondent virgin olive oils.
High performance tunable 1.5 μm InGaAs/InGaAsP multiple quantum well distributed Bragg reflector lasers (1988)

We describe the structure and performance of tunable four-quantum-well InGaAs/InGaAsP distributed Bragg reflector lasers. We observe total tuning range as large as 94 Å, differential efficiency of 32%/front facet, thresholds of 17 mA, low-chirp high-speed digital operation, and linewidths as low as 5.75 MHz at only 2 mW output.
A plate Luneberg lens with the permittivity distribution controlled by hole density (2002)

Abstract The Luneberg lens enables easy beam scanning and has the possibility of multibeam forming. In order to apply these characteristics to a planar antenna, it is first necessary to discuss a method of fabrication for a thin‐plate Luneberg lens. On the other hand, there is a method of controlling permittivity whereby many holes having diameters sufficiently smaller than the wavelength are created in the dielectric material. Permittivity control by the hole density has been used as a method of adjusting the permittivity over a wide range in order to realize a matching layer for the lens, by creating many holes in the direction perpendicular to the incident electric field or close to this direction. In contrast, the authors propose a method for adjusting the permittivity over a wide range by creating multiple holes parallel to the electric field. By means of the hole density method, a Luneberg lens is fabricated. The operating characteristics are determined at 10 and 48 GHz. It is confirmed that the structure works well as a Luneberg lens at both frequencies. Further, as an example of the applications of the plate Luneberg lens, a parallel plate slot array antenna is fabricated and its radiation characteristics are measured. It is found that the Luneberg lens can be applied as the feed section of a high‐gain millimeter‐wave planar antenna with a beam scanning capability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(9): 1–12, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1120
Characterization of a human Kaposiʼs sarcoma cell line that induces angiogenic tumors in animals (1994)

The SLK cell line is of endothelial cell origin and the first human cell line to induce KS-like tumors in recipient animals. The expression of urokinase and its receptor suggests a paracrine and autocrine interaction that may be important for the growth of the tumor. The SLK line should be valuable for studies of KS pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches to this malignancy.