gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
25th Anniversary Article: Carbon Nanotube‐ and Graphene‐Based Transparent Conductive Films for Optoelectronic Devices (2014)

Carbon nanotube (CNT)- and graphene (G)-based transparent conductive films (TCFs) are two promising alternatives for commonly-used indium tin oxide-based TCFs for future flexible optoelectronic devices. This review comprehensively summarizes recent progress in the fabrication, properties, modification, patterning, and integration of CNT- and G-TCFs into optoelectronic devices. Their potential applications and challenges in optoelectronic devices, such as organic photovoltaic cells, organic light emitting diodes and touch panels, are discussed in detail. More importantly, their key characteristics and advantages for use in these devices are compared. Despite many challenges, CNT- and G-TCFs have demonstrated great potential in various optoelectronic devices and have already been used for some products like touch panels of smartphones. This illustrates the significant opportunities for the industrial use of CNTs and graphene, and hence pushes nanoscience and nanotechnology one step towards practical applications.
The U.S. International AIDS Policy. (1991)

In fact an integrated policy has not occurred for one basic reason: in the United States public policy follows public opinion and public opinion is driven at least in part by media exposure. The issue of AIDS has been seen as a domestic tragedy that has beset homosexuals and I.V. drug users. Only as AIDS has begun to affect new-born children adolescents and heterosexuals and only as the cost of AIDS has exploded has broad concern crystalized. Even so international AIDS is removed from the consciousness of most Americans. It can be argued that only when television coverage of third world suffering children and sick and dying mothers reaches the living rooms of America will an integrated strategy emerge. (excerpt)
Apparatus for Measuring the Hall Effect of Low-Mobility Samples at High Temperatures (1967)

An apparatus is described for measuring the Hall effect of low mobility samples at high temperatures. The measuring method is of the double ac type. An alternating current at 510 cps, in conjunction with a low frequency magnetic field at about 2 cps, is used. The use of single or double phase sensitive detection is discussed. A temperature controller with a stability of about 2×10−2 C° at 1000°C and a sample holder assembly are described. Results of measurements on NiO samples are given, indicating a noise level equivalent to mobilities of 3×10−4 cm2/V sec.
Neuronal death is an active, caspase‐dependent process after moderate but not severe DNA damage (2001)

Mild insults to neurons caused by ischemia or glutamate induce apoptosis, whereas severe insults induce non apoptotic death, such as necrosis. The molecular targets that are damaged by these insults and ultimately induce cell death are not fully established. To determine if DNA damage can induce apoptotic or non apoptotic death depending on the severity, neurons were treated with up to 128 Gy of ionizing radiation. Such treatment induced a dose-related increase in DNA single-strand breaks but no immediate membrane disruption or lipid peroxidation. Following moderate doses of < or = 32 Gy, neuronal death had many characteristics of apoptosis including nuclear fragmentation and DNA laddering. Nuclear fragmentation and membrane breakdown after moderate DNA damage could be blocked by inhibition of active protein synthesis with cycloheximide and by inhibition of caspases. In contrast, cell death after doses of > 32 Gy was not blocked by cycloheximide or caspase inhibitors, and membrane breakdown occurred relatively early in the cell death process. These data suggest that cell death after high dose irradiation and severe DNA damage can occur by non apoptotic mechanisms and that blocking apoptotic pathways may not prevent death after severe damage.
Deblurring shaken and partially saturated images (2011)

We address the problem of deblurring images degraded by camera shake blur and saturated or over-exposed pixels. Saturated pixels are a problem for existing non-blind deblurring algorithms because they violate the assumption that the Image formation process is linear, and often cause significant artifacts in deblurred outputs. We propose a for- ward model that includes sensor saturation, and use it to derive a deblurring algorithm properly treating saturated pixels. By using this forward model and reasoning about the causes of artifacts in the deblurred results, we obtain significantly better results than existing deblurring algorithms. Further we propose an efficient approximation of the for- ward model leading to a significant speed-up.
All-optical ultrafast control of beaming through a single sub-wavelength aperture in a metal film (2011)

We propose an ultrafast all-optical technique to control and beam the light emerging from a sub-wavelength slit in a planar gold film by exciting a transient grating in the area around the slit. A FDTD model is used to show how excitation of surface plasmon polaritons by the grating governs the beaming process. Both the grating and the beaming effect are shown to decay on a picosecond time-scale. An on-off contrast of 5 dB is obtained for the beaming, with a divergence angle of only 2.4 degrees.
CT Artifact Introduced by Radiofrequency Ablation (2006)

CT Artifact Introduced by Radiofrequency AblationDarren D. Brennan1, Liat Appelbaum1, Vassilios Raptopolous1, Jonathan B. Kruskal1 and S. Nahum Goldberg1Audio Available | Share
High‐performance computing MRI simulations (2010)

A new open-source software project is presented, JEMRIS, the Jülich Extensible MRI Simulator, which provides an MRI sequence development and simulation environment for the MRI community. The development was driven by the desire to achieve generality of simulated three-dimensional MRI experiments reflecting modern MRI systems hardware. The accompanying computational burden is overcome by means of parallel computing. Many aspects are covered that have not hitherto been simultaneously investigated in general MRI simulations such as parallel transmit and receive, important off-resonance effects, nonlinear gradients, and arbitrary spatiotemporal parameter variations at different levels. The latter can be used to simulate various types of motion, for instance. The JEMRIS user interface is very simple to use, but nevertheless it presents few limitations. MRI sequences with arbitrary waveforms and complex interdependent modules are modeled in a graphical user interface-based environment requiring no further programming. This manuscript describes the concepts, methods, and performance of the software. Examples of novel simulation results in active fields of MRI research are given.
Effect of Pethidine, Fentanyl and Morphine on Post‐Operative Shivering in Man (1984)

One hundred consecutive patients who shivered following general or regional anesthesia and a surgical procedure were randomly treated with 25 mg pethidine, 2.5 mg morphine, 25 micrograms fentanyl or sodium chloride 0.9%, given in equal intravenous volumes over a 15-min period. The effects were evaluated every 5 min after the first injection. There was a spontaneous, time-related disappearance of shivering in the sodium chloride-treated patients. In the pethidine-treated group, shivering disappeared more than twice as fast as in the control group. The difference was highly significant at 15 and 20 min (P less than 0.001) and was unrelated to weight, body temperature or duration of anesthesia. Women responded sooner than men, reaching significance at 10 min (P less than 0.05), while men did so only at 20 min. Morphine or fentanyl had no effect. Nausea and vomiting were minimal and of equal incidence in narcotic- and placebo-treated patients.
Enhanced durability of high-temperature desulfurization sorbents for moving-bed applications (1991)

The objective of this contract was to identify and test fabrication methods and sorbent chemical compositions that enhance the long-term chemical reactivity and mechanical strength of zinc ferrite and other novel sorbents for moving-bed, high-temperature desulfurization of coal-derived gases. Desired properties to be enhanced for moving-bed sorbent materials are: (1) high chemical reactivity (sulfur absorption rate and total sulfur capacity), (2) high mechanical strength (pellet crush strength and attrition resistance), and (3) suitable pellet morphology (e.g., pellet size, shape, surface area, and average specific pore volume). In addition, it is desired to maintain the sorbent properties over extended cyclic use in moving- bed systems.
Effect of sintering condition and V-doping on the piezoelectric properties of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>–Bi(Mg<sub>1/2</sub>Ti<sub>1/2</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>–BiFeO<sub>3</sub> ceramics (2013)

0.3BaTiO3–0.1Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3–0.6BiFeO3 ceramics were either doped with vanadium or sintered in calcined powder with the same composition. Compared to an undoped ceramic sintered without the calcined powder, both ceramics showed reduced leakage current densities (lower than 1 × 10−7 A/cm2) and absence of dielectric relaxation behaviors observed in frequency- and temperature-dependent dielectric measurements. The Curie temperatures of both samples were higher than 460°C. The maximum field-induced strain over the applied field, Smax/Emax, of 366 pm/V for the undoped ceramic sintered without the calcined powder increased to 455 and 799 pm/V for the V-doped sample and the sample sintered with the calcined powder, respectively. The increase was discussed with reduced concentrations of bismuth vacancy–oxygen vacancy defect dipoles.
Robot Arena (2009)

Nowadays electronic games are of great importance to the economic sector, to computing, and to academic research, and not are limited to entertainment applications only. Augmented reality is one of the new frontiers to be explored in the search for innovation in gameplay and in interactive interfaces of electronic games. This article presents the research, development, and testing of an infrastructure, called Robot Arena, for the development of innovative games using the spatial augmented reality and new interfaces that this technology brings. Based on horizontal interfaces with elements of hardware and software, Robot ARena has a flexible architecture that enables different ways of interaction and visualization. Another aspect planned for this project is the control and communication of robots, which can be used as avatars in games. A Robot ARena prototype was implemented, tested, and used in the development of two game prototypes, FootBot ARena and TanSpace , which bring new challenges to the infrastructure, such as exploration of the influence of virtual objects on real objects and the application of tangible interfaces.
Triggering of TLR7 and TLR8 expressed by human lung cancer cells induces cell survival and chemoresistance (2010)

Compelling evidence suggests that inflammation, cell survival, and cancer are linked, with a central role played by NF-kappaB. Recent studies implicate some TLRs in tumor development based on their ability to facilitate tumor growth; however, to our knowledge, involvement of neither TLR7 nor TLR78 has yet been demonstrated. Here we have demonstrated expression of TLR7 and TLR8, the natural receptors for single-stranded RNA, by tumor cells in human lung cancer in situ and in human lung tumor cell lines. Stimulation with TLR7 or TLR8 agonists led to activated NF-kappaB, upregulated expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, increased tumor cell survival, and chemoresistance. Transcriptional analysis performed on human primary lung tumor cells and TLR7- or TLR8-stimulated human lung tumor cell lines revealed a gene expression signature suggestive of chronic stimulation of tumor cells by TLR ligands in situ. Together, these data emphasize that TLR signaling can directly favor tumor development and further suggest that researchers developing anticancer immunotherapy using TLR7 or TLR8 agonists as adjuvants should take into account the expression of these TLRs in lung tumor cells.
Synthesis of Modified 4<i>H</i>‐1,2,4‐Benzothiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxides and Determination of their Affinity and Selectivity for Different Types of K<sub>ATP</sub> Channels (2009)

4H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides with various substituents in positions 3, 5, and 7 were synthesized and tested as K(ATP) channel agonists in artificial cell systems (CHO cells transfected with SUR1/Kir6.2, and HEK 293 transfected with SUR2B/Kir6.1) as model systems for insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells and for smooth muscle cells, respectively. The effects of agonists were tested in intact cells using DiBAC4(3) [bis-(1,3-dibarbituric acid)trimethine oxanol] as a membrane potential dye, and the results compared with their binding affinity for the SUR2B-type K(ATP) channels using the radioligand [(3)H]P1075. Compounds with cycloalkyl and (cycloalkyl)methyl side chains in position 3 had higher affinities towards the SUR2B/Kir6.1 receptor compared with the parent compound diazoxide (1 a). Compounds with bulky, nonpolar residues in position 3 exhibited remarkable selectivity for SUR2B-type K(ATP) channels. The compound substituted with a bulky (1-adamantyl)methyl residue exhibited micromolar affinity and activity on SUR2B-type K(ATP) channels without being able to activate the SUR1-type K(ATP) channels.
“Wetting” the Appetite of Spark Ignition Engines for Lean Combustion (1978)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Single-cylinder spark ignition engine experiments conducted at constant speed, fixed airflow, and using isooctane as the fuel, demonstrated the effects of fuel-air mixture preparation on lean operation. Mixture preparation was changed by varying the time of fuel injection in the induction manifold, near the intake valve port. For comparison, a prevaporized fuel-air mixture was also investigated. Emphasis was placed on determining the effects of mixture preparation on combustion characteristics. Based on the results from this study, the often favored prevaporized mixture of fuel and air may not be the best diet for lean engine operation.</div>
SCLEROTHRICIN, A NEW BASIC ANTIBIOTIC (1969)

Sclerothricin is a new strongly basic antibiotic obtained from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sclerogranulatus SHIMAZU et YONEHARA nov. sp. The antibiotic is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and some fungi. Sclerothricin (C16H30O8N6) seems to belong to the streptothricin group. It has two N-methyl, a free carboxyl and two N-terminal groups. No carbamoyl group is present.
Interactive architectural modeling with procedural extrusions (2011)

We present an interactive procedural modeling system for the exterior of architectural models. Our modeling system is based on procedural extrusions of building footprints. The main novelty of our work is that we can model difficult architectural surfaces in a procedural framework, for example, curved roofs, overhanging roofs, dormer windows, interior dormer windows, roof constructions with vertical walls, buttresses, chimneys, bay windows, columns, pilasters, and alcoves. We present a user interface to interactively specify procedural extrusions, a sweep plane algorithm to compute a two-manifold architectural surface, and applications to architectural modeling.
Genetic risk factors for cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease: a review of the literature (2017)

Parkinson's disease is a highly heterogeneous disorder, where genetic factors are likely to contribute to clinical variability, including susceptibility to cognitive impairment and dementia. Monogenic forms of parkinsonism show distinct cognitive profiles, yet less is known about the impact of common genetic variants on cognition in sporadic Parkinson's disease. In a systematic review of the literature, the current results from genetic association studies of cognitive outcomes are summarized and prospects and challenges for future studies are discussed. Literature searches of the PubMed database were performed and studies using statistical methods to assess associations between genetic variation and any cognitive outcome in Parkinson's disease patients were included. For each of the candidate loci investigated in several studies, the current evidence is summarized and discussed. Sixty-one articles meeting our inclusion criteria were identified, which were highly heterogeneous with respect to study design, size and cognitive outcome measures. GBA mutations have a negative impact on cognition, whereas LRRK2-associated disease may have a milder cognitive phenotype than idiopathic Parkinson's disease. For common variants, reported results are partly conflicting, even across the larger studies, with some evidence to suggest a potential effect of APOE, MAPT, COMT and SNCA on cognitive outcomes. Future investigations should aim to collect high-quality cognitive data in a standardized way that allows for direct comparison across studies and large-scale meta-analysis. Linking genetic profiles to cognitive outcomes may have an important clinical impact, facilitating the stratification of patients for clinical trials and, ultimately, individualized treatment in Parkinson's disease.
Panda-Map:The Optimal Performance-Directed Logic Mapping Algorithm for TLU-Based FPGA (1994)

With TLU-based FPGA becoming more and more popular,various specific logic mapping algorithms have emerged for either area optimization or delay optimization. But until now there is no good logic mapping solution for the trade-off between area consideration and delay consideration. In this paper,we present an improved algorithm for above problem,which also adopts a novel heuristic algorithm to partition the DAG into single-output sub-DAGs.
Parameter extraction of microwave transistors using a hybrid gradient descent and tree annealing approach (1993)

Tree annealing is a robust optimization scheme which can be used to find the valleys of an error surface. The problem of entrapment in local minima is not a factor with this type of optimization, but it is much slower than gradient-based techniques. The method presented here attempts to take advantage of the speed of gradient-based methods and of the efficient pseudorandom searching abilities of tree annealing. The result is a technique which behaves as a directed multistart gradient method. All minima encountered during optimization are recorded, thus providing alternatives in case of a nonphysical final solution. The technique is used in the extraction of a modified Materka-Kacprzak model of a GaAs MESFET.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A scalable wideband low-noise amplifier consisting of CMOS inverter circuits for multi-standard RF receivers (2009)

This paper presents a wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) architecture that is scalable in terms of the chip area and supply voltage and therefore is expected to offer superior performance with technology scaling. In order to secure low-voltage scalability and allow for potential rail-to-rail operation under an ultralow supply voltage, the CMOS inverter is chosen as the basic amplifier stage. The core of the LNA gain stage comprises two CMOS inverters. To realize wideband operation with area scalability, two band broadening techniques that require neither inductors nor capacitors are adopted. First, to reduce the Miller capacitance, the classic Cherry-Hooper band broadening technique is applied to the CMOS inverterbased amplifier. Second, an active frequency peaking technique is introduced with the use of feedback through another CMOS inverter. The scalability and wideband characteristics of the proposed LNA are confirmed by comparing chips fabricated using 180 nm and 90 nm CMOS process technologies. The LNA in 90 nm CMOS achieved 18.0 dB gain, 0.1-6.8 GHz bandwidth, 3.0-5.5 dB noise figure, and 14.5 mW power dissipation with occupying only 0.0032 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is 48 % of the 180 nm CMOS LNA area.
Organotin Compounds in Technology and Industry (2010)

Organotin compounds find a bigger range of technological and industrial applications than the organic compounds of any other metal. Many of these applications involve catalysis or anticatalysis, often in polymer chemistry, and they have an importance out of all proportion to the tonnage of tin which is used. This article reviews the present standing of the non-biological applications of organostannanes, with an emphasis on the mechanisms of the reactions which are involved.
New molecular players in capacitative Ca2+ entry (2007)

Capacitative Ca2+ entry links the emptying of intracellular Ca2+ stores to the activation of store-operated Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. In the twenty years since the inception of the concept of capacitative Ca2+ entry, a number of activation mechanisms have been proposed, and there has been considerable interest in the possibility that TRP channels function as store-operated channels. However, in the past two years, two major players in both the signaling and permeation mechanisms for store-operated channels have been discovered: Stim1 and the Orai proteins. Stim1 is an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor. It appears to act by redistributing within a small component of the endoplasmic reticulum, approaching the plasma membrane, but does not seem to translocate into the plasma membrane. Stim1 signals to plasma membrane Orai proteins, which constitute pore-forming subunits of store-operated channels.
Ionic and electronic conductivities of atomic layer deposition thin film coated lithium ion battery cathode particles (2016)

The ionic and electronic conductivities of ceria ALD-coated and uncoated LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and LiMn<sub>1.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> samples were studied. The ionic conductivity of the ceria films resulted in the improved performance and longer life cycle of the CeO<sub>2</sub> ALD-coated samples.
Paleographical Edition of an Old Portuguese Version of the Rule of Saint Bernard (Codex Alcobacensis 200) (1940)

In an edition of a portion of Codex Alcobacensis 200 [ff. 195 Ro. to 219 Vo.] it was pointed out that the codex, no part of which had been edited before, is one of the oldest Portuguese manuscripts in the Alcobaça collection. It is described in part by Anselmo as follows: “Pergaminho.—277×204—[222 fl.];. . . recl. no firn de cada cad. de 10 fl.—leira gótica do séc. XV.—rubr.; iniciais a verm. e azul, filigranadas.” Burnam ascribes it to the fourteenth century and describes it as follows: Ce ms. consiste en 212 ff. de parchemin, plus un f. de papier préliminaire, où se trouve le titre de l'ouvrage. L'écriture est à longues lignes, avec fleurons, lettres initiales rouges et bleues en alternative; le ms. est sans traits d'union ni titre courant. Presque tous les cahiers contiennent dix ff.; une fois il y en a six, deux fois huit, tous fournis de réclames, sauf le dernier.
Automated Synthesis of Run-time Monitors to Enforce Authorization Policies in Business Processes (2015)

Run-time monitors are crucial to the development of security-aware workflow management systems, which need to mediate access to their resources by enforcing authorization policies and constraints, such as Separation of Duty. In this paper, we introduce a precise technique to synthesize run-time monitors capable of ensuring the successful termination of workflows while enforcing authorization policies and constraints. An extensive experimental evaluation shows the scalability of our technique on the important class of hierarchically specified security-sensitive workflows with several hundreds of tasks.