gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo effects of naproxen on composition, proteoglycan metabolism, and matrix metalloproteinase activities in canine articular cartilage (1993)

Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used in the clinical treatment of joint disease. In this study, its effect in vivo on the biochemical composition, metabolic activities, and metalloproteinase activities of normal canine articular cartilage was analyzed. The articular cartilage from the knee joints of dogs who had been given naproxen for 4 weeks to maintain a serum level of 40-50 micrograms/ml was examined. Control animals were given a placebo. Treatment with naproxen was not found to change the composition (water, collagen, and proteoglycan) of the articular cartilage. The culture studies of cartilage explants indicated that proteoglycan synthesis rates were unaffected by the treatment with naproxen but that proteoglycan release from the tissue was suppressed. Analysis of the cartilage for matrix metalloproteinase activities showed reduced activity of neutral matrix metalloproteinase by 80%, of collagenase by 40%, and of gelatinase by 87%, with no change in activity of acid metalloproteinase or of tissue inhibitor for metalloproteinase. These findings indicate that in vivo treatment with naproxen has the capacity to modulate catabolic activities in articular cartilage.
Core symptoms of major depressive disorder: relevance to diagnosis and treatment (2008)

The construct of major depressive disorder makes no etiological assumptions about populations with diverse symptom clusters. "Depressed mood" and "loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities" are core features of major depressive episode, though a strong case can be made to pay increasing attention to symptoms of fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and neurocognitive and sexual dysfunction in the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment outcome. Mood, guilt, work, and interest, as well as psychic anxiety, are consistently identified across validated subscales of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale as prevalent and sensitive to change with existing treatments. A major limitation of these antidepressant therapies is their narrow spectrum of action. While the core "mood and interest" symptoms have been the main focus of attention, the associated symptoms listed above are often unaffected or exacerbated by current treatments. Careful clinical evaluation should address all of these dimensions, recognizing that improvement may occur sooner in some symptoms (eg, mood) compared with others (eg, sleep disturbance).
Dynamic compilation of data-parallel kernels for vector processors (2012)

Modern processors enjoy augmented throughput and power efficiency through specialized functional units leveraged via instruction set extensions. These functional units accelerate performance for specific types of operations but must be programmed explicitly. Moreover, applications targeting these specialized units will not take advantage of future ISA extensions and tend not to be portable across multiple ISAs. As architecture designers increasingly rely on heterogeneity for performance improvements, the challenges of leveraging specialized functional units will only become more critical. In particular, exploiting software parallelism without sacrificing portability across the spectrum of commodity and multi-core SIMD processors remains elusive.
Mast Cell–Mediated Stimulation of Angiogenesis (2003)

Adenosine is released during tissue injury, ischemia and tumor growth, and promotes angiogenesis. Because mast cells accumulate in the proximity of new blood vessel development, we examined if they may contribute to adenosine-induced angiogenesis. We found that HMC-1 human mast cells express A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors. The adenosine agonist NECA (100 micromol/L) increased interleukin-8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-2 mRNA expression. NECA-induced secretion of IL-8 and VEGF was verified by ELISA. A2B receptors mediate VEGF and IL-8 secretion because neither CGS21680 (selective A2A agonist) nor IB-MECA (selective A3 agonist) produced this effect, and it was inhibited by the selective A2B antagonist IPDX but not by the selective A2A antagonist SCH58261 or the selective A3 antagonist MRS1191. In contrast, the selective A3 agonist IB-MECA (EC50 1 nmol/L) stimulated angiopoietin-2 expression. Conditioned media from NECA-activated HMC-1 stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and induced capillary tube formation. Capillary formation induced by mast cell-conditioned media was maximal if both HMC-1 A2B and A3 receptors were activated, whereas activation of A2B receptor alone was less effective. Thus, adenosine A2B and A3 receptors act in a functional cooperative fashion to promote angiogenesis by a paracrine mechanism involving the differential expression and secretion of angiogenic factors from human mast cells.
The analysis with monoclonal antibodies of the heterogeneity of Ia glycoproteins on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. (1982)

The accessible Ia molecules on the surface of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells were quantitated in the cellular radioimmunoassay with saturating concentrations of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibody 21w4, like DA/2 antibody, recognizes monomorphic determinants of human Ia antigens. The amount of 21w4 or DA/2 bound to CLL cells derived from eight patients (varying from 2.6 to 13.9 x 10(5) molecules/cell) appears to be the maximum observed with the antibodies studied. Two other antibodies, 18d5 and 21r5, although also directed at nonpolymorphic Ia determinants, bind differentially to CLL cells, with the ratios of 21r5/21w4 and 18d5/21w4 varying from 0.08 to 0.90. Sequential immmunoprecipitation studies have established that the four epitopes 18d5, 21r5, 21w4, and DA/2 were present on the same molecules. All Ia molecules express 21w4 and DA/2 epitopes, whereas only certain subsets of Ia molecules carry accessible 21r5 or 18d5 epitopes. Competitive binding studies showed that the epitopes recognized by the four monoclonal antibodies were different. Monoclonal antibodies 21r5 and 21w4 did not inhibit each other's binding. Furthermore, binding of 21w4 to CLL cells potentiated the binding of 125I-21r5 IgG to the same cells, suggesting that binding of 21w4 antibody induces a conformational change in the molecule that renders 21r5 epitopes more accessible.
Automatic Timed Up-and-Go Sub-Task Segmentation for Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using Video-Based Activity Classification (2018)

The timed up-and-go (TUG) test has been widely accepted as a standard assessment for measuring the basic functional mobility of patients with Parkinson's disease. Several basic mobility sub-tasks "Sit," "Sit-to-Stand," "Walk," "Turn," "Walk-Back," and "Sit-Back" are included in a TUG test. It has been shown that the time costs of these sub-tasks are useful clinical parameters for the assessment of Parkinson's disease. Several automatic methods have been proposed to segment and time these sub-tasks in a TUG test. However, these methods usually require either well-controlled environments for the TUG video recording or information from special devices, such as wearable inertial sensors, ambient sensors, or depth cameras. In this paper, an automatic TUG sub-task segmentation method using video-based activity classification is proposed and validated in a study with 24 Parkinson's disease patients. Videos used in this paper are recorded in semi-controlled environments with various backgrounds. The state-of-the-art deep learning-base 2-D human pose estimation technologies are used for feature extraction. A support vector machine and a long short-term memory network are then used for the activity classification and the subtask segmentation. Our method can be used to automatically acquire clinical parameters for the assessment of Parkinson's disease using TUG videos-only, leading to the possibility of remote monitoring of the patients' condition.
Regulation of Aconitase Synthesis in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> : Induction, Feedback Repression, and Catabolite Repression (1974)

The synthesis of aconitase in Bacillus subtilis wild-type and different citric acid cycle mutants has been studied and the influence of various growth conditions examined. Aconitase is induced by citrate and precursors of citrate and repressed by glutamate. Induction and repression counteract each other, and at equimolar concentrations of citrate and glutamate, aconitase synthesis is unaffected. Induction by citrate can partly overcome catabolite repression of aconitase. Isocitrate dehydrogenase show endogenous induction of aconitase due to citrate accumulation. Leaky mutants defective in citrate synthase and aconitase cannot be induced by citrate, which indicates that they carry a regulatory mutation. The complex regulation of aconitase is discussed with reference to the participation of this enzyme in glutamate biosynthesis and energy metabolism.
Hydrogenation: principles and catalysts (1968)

Abstract The hydrogenation reaction is the most important chemical reaction in the fat and oil industry. It is also perhaps the least understood. The most critical factor in the reaction is the catalyst. Several different types of metal catalysts can be used. The reaction conditions as well as other factors determine the type of product produced. However, all the factors can be related to effects on the catalyst. The “selectivity” concept of catalyst evaluation is not new. However, the term has come to have several different meanings. It is believed the term should be used only for chemical selectivity which can be easily determined. The “selectivity ratio” number is very useful and can be used to judge the performance of a catalyst.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 17-deaza-17-methyl thionium isomorphinan (isosulforphanol) perchlorate, an isostere of the opiate isolevorphanol (1985)

No morphinan analog carrying a heteroatom other than nitrogen at position 17 has yet been synthesized. The synthesis of the position 17 sulfur analog of the perchlorate salt of (±)-isolevorphanol is described. The strategy adopted is based on the classical Grewe synthesis of morphinans and, under narrowly defined conditions, the title compound isosulforphanol (3a) and an intermediate by-product 13 resulting from an unusual non-bridged head ring closure of 11a were obtained. The X-ray structures of both 3a and 13 were determined. Crystals of 13 (C 17 H 22 OS) are monoclinic, space group P2 1 /a, a = 17.080(2), b = 9.372(1), c = 9.327(1) Å, β = 108.67(1), V = 1414.4 Å 3 , Z = 4. Final R = 0.034 for 2545 reflections. The crystals of 3a(C 17 H 23 OS + •ClO 4 − )are orthorhombic, space group Pna2 1 ,a = 10.934(1), b = 9.219(1), c = 17.131(2) Å, V = 1726.8 Å 3 , Z = 4. Final R = 0.053 for 1018 reflections. The C 17 H 23 OS + molecule has been identified by this X-ray analysis as S-methyl isosulforphanol (Fig. 2). The structure of 13 is shown in Fig. 1. The stereochemical outcome of the Grewe-like synthesis is thus established as proceeding in a reversed manner when sulfur replaces the nitrogen in the final cyclization step. Preliminary pharmacological studies showed that 3a is a potent agonist in the central nervous system but a potent antagonist on the guinea-pig ileum.
Analysis of flat-type vibration motor for mobile phone (2005)

In order to simulate the motion transient characteristics, we have developed a new method of calculating the torque of the flat-type vibration motor which is using two-dimensional finite element model. We have measured the load torque of the vibration motor, which is used for the motion transient analysis. The simulated vibration characteristic is compared with experimental value.
A Tandem Heck-Carbocyclization/Suzuki-Coupling Approach to the Stereoselective Syntheses of Asymmetric 3,3-(Diarylmethylene)indolinones (2005)

[reaction: see text] An efficient and versatile method for stereoselective synthesis of (E)-3,3-(diarylmethylene)indolinones by a palladium-catalyzed tandem Heck-carbocyclization/Suzuki-coupling sequence is presented. Factors influencing yield and selectivity, namely catalyst, coordinating ligand, and solvent, are detailed.
The Impact of Charismatic Pastoral Leadership On Religious Commitment and Church Growth in the Korean Mega-Churches (2001)

Abstract How are the Korean mega-churches growing? What distinguishes them from smaller size of churches? To understand the phenomenal growth of the Korean mega-churches, the survey was taken in 1998 to measure the perceptions of members about their pastor, view of church growth, and religious characteristics, based on 1,260 samples (750 for the mega-churches, 265 for the large churches, and 245 for the small/middle-sized churches). The results showed that the members of the mega-churches are more likely to perceive their senior pastor as charismatic, are more likely to attribute the factors of church growth to their senior pastor, and are more likely to exhibit religious commitment than are the members of the smaller size of churches. This paper argues that charismatic pastoral leadership has an immense impact on religious commitment of the members, thereby leading to church growth.
Novel Antiviral Characteristics of Nanosized Copper(I) Iodide Particles Showing Inactivation Activity against 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus (2011)

We investigated the antiviral activity of nanosized copper(I) iodide (CuI) particles having an average size of 160 nm. CuI particles showed aqueous stability and generated hydroxyl radicals, which were probably derived from monovalent copper (Cu(+)). We confirmed that CuI particles showed antiviral activity against an influenza A virus of swine origin (pandemic [H1N1] 2009) by plaque titration assay. The virus titer decreased in a dose-dependent manner upon incubation with CuI particles, with the 50% effective concentration being approximately 17 μg/ml after exposure for 60 min. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the inactivation of the virus due to the degradation of viral proteins such as hemagglutinin and neuraminidase by CuI. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that CuI generates hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution, and radical production was found to be blocked by the radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, these findings indicate that CuI particles exert antiviral activity by generating hydroxyl radicals. Thus, CuI may be a useful material for protecting against viral attacks and may be suitable for applications such as filters, face masks, protective clothing, and kitchen cloths.
System combination using auxiliary information for speaker verification (2008)

Recent studies in speaker recognition have shown that score- level combination of subsystems can yield significant performance gains over individual subsystems. We explore the use of auxiliary information to aid the combination procedure. We propose a modified linear logistic regression procedure that conditions combination weights on the auxiliary information. A regularization procedure is used to control the complexity of the extended model. Several auxiliary features are explored. Results are presented for data from the 2006 NIST speaker recognition evaluation (SRE). When an estimated degree of nonnativeness for the speaker is used as auxiliary information, the proposed combination results in a 15% relative reduction in equal error rate over methods based on standard linear logistic regression, support vector machines, and neural networks.
Segregation of Nogo66 receptors into lipid rafts in rat brain and inhibition of Nogo66 signaling by cholesterol depletion (2004)

NogoA, a myelin-associated component, inhibits neurite outgrowth. Nogo66, a portion of NogoA, binds to Nogo66 receptor (NgR) and induces the inhibitory signaling. LINGO-1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75), the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor, are also required for NogoA signaling. However, signaling mechanisms downstream to Nogo receptor remain poorly understood. Here, we observed that NgR and p75 were colocalized in low-density membrane raft fractions derived from forebrains and cerebella as well as from cerebellar granule cells. NgR interacted with p75 in lipid rafts. In addition, disruption of lipid rafts by beta-methylcyclodextrin, a cholesterol-binding reagent, reduced the Nogo66 signaling. Our results suggest an important role of lipid rafts in facilitating the interaction between NgRs and provide insight into mechanisms underlying the inhibition of neurite outgrowth by NogoA.
Temperature Significantly Affects the Plaquing and Adsorption Efficiencies of Listeria Phages (2016)

Listeria-infecting phages are currently being used to control and detect the important foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes; however, the influence of environmental conditions on the interactions between L. monocytogenes and its phages has not been explored in depth. Here, we examined the infective potential of four Listeria phages (two each from the P70-like and P100-like phages of Listeria) against five strains of L. monocytogenes (representing serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 4a, and 4b) grown under a range of temperatures (7-37°C). We show that the plaquing efficiencies for all four phages were significantly affected by temperature. Interestingly, no plaques were observed for any of the four phages at 37°C. Adsorption assays performed with the P100-like phages, LP-048 and LP-125, showed that LP-048 had a severely reduced adsorption efficiency against susceptible strains at 37°C as compared to 30°C, suggesting that there is considerably less accessible rhamnose (LP-048's putative phage receptor) on the host at 37°C than at 30°C. LP-125 adsorbed to host cells at 37°C, indicating that the inability for LP-125 to plaque at 37°C is not due to adsorption inhibition. LP-048 showed significantly higher adsorption efficiency against a mutant strain lacking N-acetylglucosamine in its wall teichoic acids (WTA) than the parental strain at both 30 and 37°C, suggesting that N-acetylglucosamine competes with rhamnose for glycosylation sites on the WTA. The data presented here clearly shows that L. monocytogenes can gain physiological refuge from phage infection, which should be carefully considered for both the design and implementation of phage-based control and detection applications.
Silicon on insulator photonic integrated sensors: On-chip sensing and interrogation (2011)

In this paper, we present two examples of photonic sensors based on ring resonators in Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) waveguide technology as mass production compatible sensing units for the measurement of: strain, and ultrasound. Furthermore, the sensing units are characterized in extreme conditions to validate their robustness in harsh industrial environments. In addition, the monitoring of these sensing units is presented as an application of an on-chip 3×3 interferometer.
Expression of the putA gene encoding proline dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus is independent of NtrC regulation but requires an Lrp-like activator protein (1995)

Four Rhodobacter capsulatus mutants unable to grow with proline as the sole nitrogen source were isolated by random Tn5 mutagenesis. The Tn5 insertions were mapped within two adjacent chromosomal EcoRI fragments. DNA sequence analysis of this region revealed three open reading frames designated selD, putR, and putA. The putA gene codes for a protein of 1,127 amino acid residues which is homologous to PutA of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. The central part of R. capsulatus PutA showed homology to proline dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Put1) and Drosophila melanogaster (SlgA). The C-terminal part of PutA exhibited homology to Put2 (pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase) of S. cerevisiae and to aldehyde dehydrogenases from different organisms. Therefore, it seems likely that in R. capsulatus, as in enteric bacteria, both enzymatic steps for proline degradation are catalyzed by a single polypeptide (PutA). The deduced amino acid sequence of PutR (154 amino acid residues) showed homology to the small regulatory proteins Lrp, BkdR, and AsnC. The putR gene, which is divergently transcribed from putA, is essential for proline utilization and codes for an activator of putA expression. The expression of putA was induced by proline and was not affected by ammonia or other amino acids. In addition, putA expression was autoregulated by PutA itself. Mutations in glnB, nifR1 (ntrC), and NifR4 (ntrA encoding sigma 54) had no influence on put gene expression. The open reading frame located downstream of R. capsulatus putR exhibited strong homology to the E. coli selD gene, which is involved in selenium metabolism. R. capsulatus selD mutants exhibited a Put+ phenotype, demonstrating that selD is required neither for viability nor for proline utilization.
The (Im)Possibility of Mobilizing Public Opinion? (2011)

Notes several flawed and interrelated sources of skepticism about the possibility of a generative, regulative public opinion, and highlights four critical dimensions of public opinion that present a general framework of the political contexts in which real publics are constructed. The dimensions correspond to questions about public opinions that ask which public, what mode of expression, what kind of influence, and how authorized a public, and must be situated in a proper understanding of power and empowerment. Accountability is a benchmark of good governance that finds evidence of its presence in the conjoint occurrence of three outcomes: transparency in the relationship between principals and agents, a sense of obligation among agents to be responsive to their principals, and the power for principals to punish or pink-slip their agents if they do not do so. Social accountability is the approach to achieving this accountability through the civic society mechanisms that rely on citizen engagement and participation.
Sequence Homology Search Based on Database Indexing Using the Profile Hidden Markov Model (2006)

The profile hidden Markov model (PHMM) has received increasing attention in the field of protein homology detection, since profile-based methods are much more sensitive in detecting distant homologous relationships than pairwise methods. Pure dynamic-programming-based systems are often used for PHMM searches. However, these dynamic-programming- based systems are very time consuming for a large database. For instance, it may take approximately 15 minutes to search a short model of length 12 in the GenBank protein sequence database. Instead of searching the database sequentially, we search the database based on a tree-structured database indexing, called the HD-tree. The HD-tree is able to reduce the PHMM search time significantly without reducing the quality of search results. Performance of search using the HD-tree is compared with that of HMMER, a popular implementation of PHMM for protein sequence analysis. It is shown that the HD-tree approach is orders of magnitude faster than HMMER for short queries