gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Built-in system test and fault location (2002)

In their purest form, BIST, BScan and Scan do not lend themselves to in-service test-compromises and extensions are required. We describe the experience of implementing built-in fault detection and location in a large digital system.
Construction of Fisheye Lens Inverse Perspective Mapping Model and Its Applications of Obstacle Detection (2010)

In this paper, we develop a vision based obstacle detection system by utilizing our proposed fisheye lens inverse perspective mapping (FLIPM) method. The new mapping equations are derived to transform the images captured by the fisheye lens camera into the undistorted remapped ones under practical circumstances. In the obstacle detection, we make use of the features of vertical edges on objects from remapped images to indicate the relative positions of obstacles. The static information of remapped images in the current frame is referred to determining the features of source images in the searching stage from either the profile or temporal IPM difference image. The profile image can be acquired by several processes such as sharpening, edge detection, morphological operation, and modified thinning algorithms on the remapped image. The temporal IPM difference image can be obtained by a spatial shift on the remapped image in the previous frame. Moreover, the polar histogram and its post-processing procedures will be used to indicate the position and length of feature vectors and to remove noises as well. Our obstacle detection can give drivers the warning signals within a limited distance from nearby vehicles while the detected obstacles are even with the quasi-vertical edges.
Expression of CD44s protein in non-small cell lung cancer (2002)

Objective To investigate the expression of standard CD44 ( CD44s) genes protein in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relation to the tumor's histology, differentiation and lymphatic metastasis. Methods Expression of CD44s was detected with microwave and LSAB immunohistochemistry in 78 cases of NCLCS. Positive rate of CD44s was correlated with their his-topathology, differentiation and lymphatic metastasis. Results Total positive rate was shown to be 74.4% (58/78) in NSCLC. Squamous cell carcinomas had a positive rate of 63. 2% (24/38) ;adenocarcinomas, 88. 9% (24/27) ;large cell carcinomas,83. 3% (5/6) and aclenosquamous carcinoma,? 1. 4% (5/7)respectively. There was a significant difference( P 0. 01) among the squamous cell and adenosquamous, and large cell carcinoma. The positive rates in highly. moderately, poorly differentiated and undifferentialed carcinomas were 68. 4% ( 13/19) ,75. 8% (25/33) ,76.2% ( 16/21 ) and 80.0% (4/5) respectively. Significant difference ( P 0. 01) existed between highly differentiated and undifferenlialed carcinomas. Total and strong positive rates of NSCLC were 48. 1% (17/27)and 25. 9% (7/27)in the cases with lymphatic metastasis, while 88. 2% (45/51 ) and 74. 5% (38/51 ) in those without metastasis (P 0. 01). Conclusions NSCLC patients with higher CD44s positive expression had lower metastasis. The expression of CD44s in cancer cell could be used as a valuable marker in verifying the histological classification and the potentials of lymphatic metastasis.
THE STUDY OF FLORAL ORGANOGENESIS IN BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS WILLD (2010)

Floral development in Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., (Nyctanginaceae), together with the horticultural, pharmaceutical and agroforestry importance, is not yet well understood. The hermaphroditic and apetalous flowers of B. spectabilis have a 5-lobed tubular perianth, eight stamens with unequal filaments and one carpel. Epiphylly, phyllotaxis and placentation are all important morphological problems in the flowers of this species. To understand these problems better, a detailed study on floral organogeny in the species was first completed using epi illumination light microscopy. Our results revealed that organs of one flower develop regularly from the outer to the inner. Tepals, were the first organs which appeared helically in the margins of floral meristem. Soon after, eight stamens arised sequentially in a 3/8 spiral. Finally, the gynoecial wall was produced by the peripheral growth of the floral apex and then, the single ovule was formed from the gradual upgrowth and transformation of the floral apex. Our results showed that epiphylly was a result of cellular fusion between the base of the floral bud and subtended bract in B. spectabilis, which occured when floral development was completed.
Particle filter beamforming for acoustic source localization in a reverberant environment (2002)

Traditional acoustic source localization uses a two-step procedure requiring intermediate time-delay estimates from pairs of microphones. An alternative single-step approach is proposed in this paper in which particle filtering is used to estimate the source location through steered beamforming. This scheme is especially attractive in speech enhancement applications, where the localization estimates are typically used to steer a beamformer at a later stage. Simulation results show that the algorithm is robust to reverberation, and is able to accurately follow the source trajectory.
Acousto-optic tunable filter based visible- to near-infrared spectropolarimetric imager (2002)

A compact, lightweight, robust, and field-portable spectropo- larimetric imager is developed to acquire spectropolarimetric images both in the laboratory and outdoors. This imager uses a tellurium dioxide (TeO2) acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as an agile spectral selection element and a nematic liquid-crystal variable retardation (LCVR) plate as a tunable polarization selection device with an off-the-shelf charge- coupled device (CCD) camera and optics. The spectral range of opera- tion is from 400 to 800 nm with a 10-nm spectral resolution at 600 nm. Each spectral image is acquired with two retardation values correspond- ing to the horizontal and vertical incident polarizations. The operation of the imager and image acquisition is computer controlled. We describe the instrument and its operation and present results of our measure- ments. © 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1984)

Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA103 were derived from the fusion of spleen cells from mice immunized with: (i) purified exotoxin A, (ii) Formalin-treated exotoxin A, (iii) exotoxin A covalently coupled to Sepharose 4B, or (iv) P. aeruginosa-infected mice. All hybridomas were screened and selected by using an enzyme-linked immuno-adsorbent assay. All antibody isotypes were represented (immunoglobulins G, A, and M) as determined by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. The most productive fusions resulted from immunization with antigens coupled to an insoluble matrix, such as Sepharose 4B, or by infection of mice. Several hybridomas were selected and cloned by limiting dilution. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies for exotoxin A was demonstrated by indirect immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled exotoxin A followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and by the immunoblotting technique. The protective ability of certain monoclonal antibodies was demonstrated in vitro by toxin neutralization in tissue culture and in vivo by prolonged survival time in the burned mouse infection model, after passive immunization. One monoclonal antitoxin displayed specificity for PA103-derived exotoxin yet failed to react with exotoxin purified from PAO-PR1 or PAO1, suggesting that structural differences exist between these exotoxins.
Measurement of Serum Total and Free Prostate-Specific Antigen for Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Women (2004)

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value and the relationship between the clinicopathological features and the levels of total and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in women with breast cancer. Methods: Using the microparticle enzyme immunoassay system, we measured the concentrations of these markers in the sera of 85 women with breast cancer and in 30 healthy women. Rseults: The lowest detection level for both markers was 0.01ng/ml. Free PSA levels were significantly higher in women with breast cancer than that in healthy women (P＜0.05). The percentage of free PSA predominant subjects was 37.6% in breast cancer patients and 3.3% in healthy women. Cut-off values were 0.36ng/ml for total PSA and 0.02ng/ml for free PSA. In women with breast cancer, total PSA positivity was 23.5% and free PSA positivity was 27.1%. Compared to negatives, total PSA positive patients had a higher percentage of lymph node involvement tumours (P＞0.05). However, patients with predominant free PSA had a higher percentage of early stage than patients with predominant PSA-ACT. Conclusion: Although the sensitivity of free PSA predominance is low (37.6%) in distinguishing women with breast cancer from healthy women, its specificity is high (97.0%). Free PSA predominance tends to be present in early stage tumours. These findings may indicate clinical significance of preoperative measurement of serum total and free PSA in women with breast cancer.
Microfilled via: an enabling technology for high density high performance high volume BGA substrates (2002)

Microfilled Via (MfVia) is an enabling technology on which a superior and economical BGA substrate manufacturing is based. The main technology feature is a new method of creating a micro via by substituting the traditional costly drilling and plating process with a mass photoimageable via hole creation and stencil hole filling process. Via holes are later covered by copper through a foil lamination process to create a flat surface. Besides a dramatic reduction in the manufacturing cost, the new process also provides the following advantages: (1) True pad on via, (2) Superior Cu to photoimageable dielectric adhesion due to the lamination process, (3) High density outer layer process as the extra Cu plating on the outer layer is eliminated, (4) Low cost blind and buried via due to the sequential layer buildup and photo imaged vias. This high density via technology allows easy implementation of high pin-count substrates, even with the current generation line and spacing rule, such as 0.004"/0.004". This paper discusses the manufacturing, characterization and reliability of a BGA package manufactured using the microfilled via technology.
Parametric modelling design applied to weft knitted surfaces and its effects in their physical properties (2017)

This work proposes the creation of models of surfaces using a parametric computer modelling software to obtain three-dimensional structures in weft knitted fabrics produced on single needle system machines. Digital prototyping, another feature of digital modelling software, was also explored in three-dimensional drawings generated using the Rhinoceros software. With this approach, different 3D structures were developed and produced. Physical characterization tests were then performed on the resulting 3D weft knitted structures to assess their ability to promote comfort. From the obtained results, it is apparent that the developed structures have potential for application in different market segments, such as clothing and interior textiles.
High-Throughput Analysis of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate, Sphinganine 1-Phosphate, and Lysophosphatidic Acid in Plasma Samples by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Our validated LC-MS/MS methodology for quantifying LPA, S1P, and SA1P features simple sample preparation and short analysis times, therefore providing a valuable tool for diagnostic evaluation of these lysophospholipids as biomarkers.
Interrogating Parkinson's disease LRRK2 kinase pathway activity by assessing Rab10 phosphorylation in human neutrophils (2017)

There is compelling evidence for the role of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and in particular its kinase function in Parkinson's disease. Orally bioavailable, brain penetrant and potent LRRK2 kinase inhibitors are in the later stages of clinical development. Here, we describe a facile and robust assay to quantify LRRK2 kinase pathway activity by measuring LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of Rab10 in human peripheral blood neutrophils. We use the selective MJFF-pRab10 monoclonal antibody recognising the Rab10 Thr73 phospho-epitope that is phosphorylated by LRRK2. We highlight the feasibility and practicability of using our assay in the clinical setting by studying a few patients with G2019S LRRK2 associated and sporadic Parkinson's as well as healthy controls. We suggest that peripheral blood neutrophils are a valuable resource for LRRK2 research and should be considered for inclusion in Parkinson's bio-repository collections as they are abundant, homogenous and express relatively high levels of LRRK2 as well as Rab10. In contrast, the widely used peripheral blood mononuclear cells are heterogeneous and only a minority of cells (monocytes and contaminating neutrophils) express LRRK2. While our LRRK2 kinase pathway assay could assist in patient stratification based on LRRK2 kinase activity, we envision that it may find greater utility in pharmacodynamic and target engagement studies in future LRRK2 inhibitor trials.
On the active site thiol of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase: relationships to catalysis, inhibition, and regulation. (1988)

gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (glutamate-cysteine ligase; EC 6.3.2.2) was isolated from an Escherichia coli strain enriched in the gene for this enzyme by recombinant DNA techniques. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of 1860 units/mg and a molecular weight of 56,000. Comparison of the E. coli enzyme with the well-characterized rat kidney enzyme showed that these enzymes have similar catalytic properties (apparent Km values, substrate specificities, turnover numbers). Both enzymes are feedback-inhibited by glutathione but not by gamma-glutamyl-alpha-aminobutyrylglycine; the data indicate that glutathione binds not only at the glutamate binding site but also at a second site on the enzyme that interacts with the thiol moiety of glutathione but not with a methyl group. Both enzymes are inactivated by buthionine sulfoximine in the presence of ATP, suggesting a common gamma-glutamyl phosphate intermediate. However, unlike the rat kidney enzyme that has an active center thiol, the bacterial enzyme is insensitive to cystamine, gamma-methylene glutamate, and S-sulfo amino acids, indicating that it does not have an active site thiol. Thus, the rat kidney and E. coli enzymes share several catalytic features but differ in active site structure. If the active site thiol of the rat kidney enzyme is involved in catalysis, which seems likely, there would appear to be differences in the mechanisms of action of the two gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetases.
Electrophysiological Effects of Monoamine‐Derived Aldehydes on Single Neurons in Neocortex and Cerebellum in Rats (1986)

The electrophysiological effects of aldehydes derived from several monoamines were studied on single neurons in the cerebellum and neocortex of rats. The aldehydes derived from dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde) and serotonin (5-hydroxy-3-acetaldehyde) were prepared as stable disulfite complexes, from which free aldehydes were extracted. Serotonin and 5-hydroxy-3-acetaldehyde caused pronounced depression of firing rates both of cerebellar Purkinje neurons and neurons in prefrontal cortex. When locally applied from multibarrel micropipettes by pressure ejection, 5-hydroxy-3-acetaldehyde was twice as potent in the neocortex as in the cerebellum, and was equipotent with serotonin in both brain areas. The aldehyde of tryptamine also caused depressions of neuronal activity in cerebellum, but only at 5-fold higher doses than were effective for 5-hydroxy-3-acetaldehyde. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde was without effect in prefrontal cortex, but had mixed responses in the cerebellum. The results show that monoamine-derived aldehydes are physiologically active. It is possible that changes in the steady state level of these aldehydes caused by drugs such as ethanol and barbiturates might influence the electrophysiological properties of neurons in the central nervous system.
Construction of a full-length cDNA encoding human pro-alpha 2(I) collagen and its expression in pro-alpha 2(I)-deficient W8 rat cells. (1988)

We have constructed a cDNA encoding the entire human pro-alpha 2(I) collagen molecule. Sequence determination for 2196 base pairs at the 5' end of the cDNA clone, and comparison with previously characterized human alpha 2(I) sequences, identified a number of nucleotide and amino acid polymorphisms. Functionality of the cDNA clone, under control of the long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus, was demonstrated by its introduction into the W8 cell line. The W8 line, a chemically transformed variant of K16 rat liver epithelial cells, has been previously shown to lack detectable levels of alpha 2(I) RNA, but to secrete alpha 1(I) homotrimers. Introduction of the human cDNA into W8 cells, resulted in secretion of chimeric type I collagen comprised of rat alpha 1(I) and human alpha 2(I) chains. Availability of a functional full-length clone of human alpha 2(I) cDNA, combined with the W8 cell line as expression system, will allow detailed analysis, through site-directed mutagenesis, of domains on the pro-alpha 2(I) molecule involved in assembly, transport, secretion, and fibrillogenesis.
Radome design and measurements (1988)

Radome performance (transmission loss and boresight error) is evaluated by means of a computer code the input data of which are the geometry (radome shape, layered structure configuration, and antenna/radome relative position) and the antenna aperture magnetic current distribution. The latter is measured directly, thus avoiding the difficulty of characterizing the antenna under test. The spherical near field (SNF) measuring technique is applied. A radome has been designed using this approach and then manufactured and tested by means of a compact range. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results is quite good.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of assisted-robotic system designed to measure the Wave Intensity with an ultrasonic diagnostic device (2009)

In recent years, due to the increasing rate of elderly people in Japan, the needs to detect adults' diseases at the early stage becomes a high priority. In particular, an increased interest in detecting heart and cerebrovascular diseases at an early stage may allow clinicians to begin treatment sooner, when interventions are generally more effective and less expensive. Recently, the wave intensity (WI) has been proposed as a new hemodynamic index that provides information about the dynamic behavior of the heart and the vascular system and their interaction. However; the repetitiveness and accuracy of the WI measurement depend on the precision of the positioning of the ultrasound probe. Therefore a positioning device for ultrasound probe is required. Such a device should not only be used to keep the position but also for the fine positioning of the probe. For this purpose, at Waseda University, we have proposed the development of a robot system to assist a carotid blood flow measurement using ultrasound diagnostic equipments. In this paper, the development of Waseda-Tokyo Women's Medical-Aloka Blood Flow Measurement System No. 1 Refined II (WTA-1RII) is detailed. The system consists of an ultrasound diagnostic device, a 6-DOFs parallel link manipulator, a serial link passive arm, ball joint, and a joystick type controller. The WTA-1RII has improved the design of the gravity compensation mechanism. In addition, a genetic algorithm has by implemented to determine the optimal link's position of the 6-DOFs parallel manipulator to increase the workspace. Finally, a set of experiments were carried out to determine the usability of the proposed system.
[Effectiveness of a new "paramunity" inducer (PIND-AVI) for human beings and animals]. (1979)

Attenuated and by treatment with gamma rays inactivated avian Pox viruses (PIND-AVI) stimulate in man and animals selectively the T-lymphocytes. In this way PIND-AVI helps to repair a reduced reactivity of lymphocytes damaged by cytostatic chemotherapy: The lymphocyte stimulation by phytohemagglutinin could be normalized. In immunodeficient patients PIND-AVI showed very good effects in the treatment of herpes Virus infections.
Results of spinal arthrodesis with pedicle screw-plate fixation. (1991)

Sixty-one patients were followed for an average of thirty months (range, twenty-four to thirty-five months) after arthrodesis of the lumbar or lumbosacral spine with pedicle screw-plate fixation for painful degenerative arthritis, spondylolisthesis, or pseudarthrosis. The patients rated the clinical result according to an analog scale. Most patients reported a marked decrease in pain and an increase in function, and two-thirds were able to work full time. The result of the operation was regarded as a clinical failure if the patient considered it so, if an additional operation had been done, or if the functional and pain scores were not good (that is, if the patient was not able to work full time and the rating for pain was more than 5 of 10 points). Seventeen (28 per cent) of the patients were considered to have a clinical failure, with the lowest rate (20 per cent) for patients who had painful degenerative arthritis and the highest rate (47 per cent) for patients who had had a pseudarthrosis before the operation. The rate of fusion was 90 per cent in patients who had painful degenerative disease, 93 per cent in patients who had spondylolisthesis, and 65 per cent in patients who had had a pseudarthrosis preoperatively.
Robot hand with sensor for handling cloth (2002)

A robot hand to handle cloth is presented. In the study carried out, the authors tried to pick up a piece of cloth from a stack of cloth, to judge its thickness and to control the tension of it by the robot hand with a strain gauge sensor. The robot hand has two fingers with two degrees of freedom. One finger's tip was made from balsa wood, the other was made from balsa wood and phosphorus bronze plate with strain gauge sensor. The robot hand was attached to a robot arm and picked up a piece of cloth in cooperative motion with the robot arm. The hand was able to pick up a piece of wool cloth 0.4 mm in thickness. And it was able to pick up a piece of rayon cloth 0.2 mm in thickness in some trials by an automatic adjusting software. Sensor output was nearly in proportion to the thickness of cloth picked up. And sensor output was nearly in proportion to the tension of the cloth too.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>