gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Hydrogels With Tunable Structures and Properties for Tissue Engineering Applications (2018)

Tissue engineering (TE) has been used as an attractive and efficient process to restore the original tissue structures and functions through the combination of biodegradable scaffolds, seeded cells, and biological factors. As a unique type of scaffolds, hydrogels have been frequently used for TE because of their similar 3D structures to the native extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as their tunable biochemical and biophysical properties to control cell functions such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Various types of hydrogels have been prepared from naturally derived biomaterials, synthetic polymers, or their combination, showing their promise in TE. This review summarizes the very recent progress of hydrogels used for TE applications. The strategies for tuning biophysical and biochemical properties, and structures of hydrogels are first introduced. Their influences on cell functions and promotive effects on tissue regeneration are then highlighted.
Version Control With Subversion for Subversion 1.6: The Official Guide And Reference Manual (2010)

Version Control with SUBVERSION. Written by members of the development team that maintains Subversion, this is the official guide and reference manual for the popular open source revision control technology. The new edition covers Subversion 1.6 with a complete introduction and guided tour of its capabilities, along with best practice recommendations. Version Control with Subversion is useful for people from a wide variety of backgrounds, from those with no previous version control experience to experienced system administrators. Subversion is the perfect tool to track individual changes when several people collaborate on documentation or, particularly, software development projects. As a more powerful and flexible successor to the CVS revision control system, Subversion makes life so much simpler, allowing each team member to work separately and then merge source code changes into a single repository that keeps a record of each separate version. *** Money raised from the sale of this book supports the development of free software and documentation.
A Synaptosomal Protein Kinase Is Regulated by Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate and Mg2+ (1989)

Triton X-100 extracts of purified rat brain synaptosomes exhibited marked phosphorylation of an endogenous Mr 87,000 polypeptide following chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The protein kinase catalyzing this reaction was insensitive to cyclic AMP, Ca2+, calmodulin, and phorbol esters. However, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) proved to be a potent inhibitor of the Mr 87,000 polypeptide phosphorylation at submicromolar concentrations, whereas phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylglycerol were less potent inhibitors. Unsaturated fatty acids could also mimic the effects of PIP at levels above 4 micrograms/ml. The inhibitory effect of PIP largely reflected a profound increase in the apparent Km for Mg2+ such that increasing Mg2+ levels could partially offset the action of PIP. The PIP-sensitive protein kinase was enriched in hypotonic lysates of synaptosomes from which it was partially purified by DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylapatite, and gel permeation chromatography. This purification separated the enzyme from its Mr 87,000 substrate; however, the presence of this polypeptide in heat-inactivated alkali extracts of rat brain provided an exogenous source of substrate which could be used to assay enzyme activity. The relevance of these data to a possible role for PIP and Mg2+ in cellular signaling is discussed.
Defining current gaps in quality measures for cancer immunotherapy: consensus report from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) 2019 Quality Summit (2020)

This work represents a first step toward defining and standardizing quality delivery of cancer immunotherapy in order to realize its optimal application and benefit for patients.
A Systems Approach for Real-Time Data Compression in Advanced Brain-Machine Interfaces (2005)

Advanced array processing techniques are becoming an indispensable requirement for integrating the rapid developments in wireless high-density electronic interfaces to the central nervous system (CNS) with computational neuroscience. This work aims at describing a systems approach for data compression to enable real-time transmission of high volumes of neural data acquired by implantable microelectrode arrays to extra-cutaneous devices. We show that the tradeoff between transmission bit rate and processing complexity requires a smart coding mechanism to yield a fast and efficient neural interface capable of transmitting the information from the CNS in real-time without compromising issues of communication bandwidth and signal fidelity. The results presented demonstrate that on-chip coding offers tremendous savings in communication costs compared to raw data transmission for off-chip analysis. Performance illustrations and experimental neural data examples are described in details
[Intestinal candidiasis: modern therapeutic tactics]. (2005)

Bowels candidiasis is an urgent problem not only for gastroenterology but also for other fields of medicine--gynecology, dentistry, phthisiology, surgery, etc. as this disease is directly related with the manifestations of systemic candidiasis in other organs. The diagnostics algorithm includes the detection of a filamentary form (pseudomyceliums) of micromycetes of the Candida genus in the morphological study of a tissue sampling of the bowels mucous coat. The drug of choice for the treatment of bowels candidiasis is Pimafucin (Natamycin) having a local action on the Candida fungi in the intestinal lumen in the absence of any systemic absorption of the drug or any side effects.
Experimental characterization of periodic frequency-steerable arrays for structural health monitoring (2010)

Beam steering through phased arrays is a well-established technique, used extensively in ultrasonic imaging for medical, NDE and SHM applications. Phased arrays typically need individual control of their elements, which involves hardware and software complexity. This paper presents the characterization of a novel frequency-steerable array for structural health monitoring. In the considered configuration, beam steering is achieved by exploiting interference phenomena generated by the spatial lay-out of the array elements, and their simultaneous activation at specific frequencies. Such frequencies correspond to wavenumbers which are associated with radiation in determined spatial directions. In essence, the array acts as a spatial filter, which preferentially radiates at wavenumbers defined by the spatial arrangement of the elements. As such, the array is also effective at tuning its radiation to specific wave modes. In this paper, a simple quadrilateral periodic topology illustrates the directional properties of the array and shows its tuning capabilities. The investigations are supported by a preliminary numerical analysis, which is used to design an experimental prototype. Tests successfully validate the numerical predictions and demonstrate the directional and tuning capabilities of the proposed array design.
An extremely low noise, phase lockable, sapphire loaded cavity based microwave oscillator (2003)

This paper demonstrates an extremely low noise, phase-lockable microwave oscillator for next generation coherent radar applications. The design, built with commercially available hardware, is comprised of a high-Q sapphire loaded cavity feedback oscillator, a frequency locked loop for noise degeneration, a narrow band phase locked loop geared for noise measurement using the two-oscillator method and a servo loop for temperature stabilization.
Enhanced phosphopeptide isolation by Fe(III)‐IMAC using 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (2005)

IMAC can be used to selectively enrich phosphopeptides from complex peptide mixtures, but co-retention of acidic peptides together with the failure to retain some phosphopeptides restricts the general utility of the method. In this study Fe(III)-IMAC was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed using a panel of phosphopeptides, both synthetic and derived from proteolysis of known phosphoproteins, to identify the causes of success and failure in the application of this technique. Here we demonstrate that, as expected, peptides with a more acidic amino acid content are generally more efficiently purified and detected by MALDI-MS after Fe(III)-IMAC than those with a more basic content. Modulating the loading buffer used for Fe(III)-IMAC significantly affects phosphopeptide binding and suggests that conformational factors that lead to steric hindrance and reduced accessibility to the phosphate are important. The use of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol is shown here to significantly improve Fe(III)-IMAC enrichment and subsequent detection of phosphopeptides by MALDI-MS.
Medium‐dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy and <scp>mRNA</scp> expression of <scp>TSLP</scp>,<scp> TARC</scp>,<scp> IL</scp>‐5, and <scp>IL</scp>‐13 in acute skin lesions in atopic dermatitis (2015)

Expression levels of the mediators TSLP, TARC, IL-5, and IL-13 in AD are interrelated. Phototherapy with UVA1 improves SCORAD indices and increases expression of TARC but has no direct effects on the expression of other molecules. It is likely that UVA1 also interferes with or acts via intermediators on the link between IL-5 and IL-13.
MMPs in tuberculosis: granuloma creators and tissue destroyers (2011)

Most individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop a latent infection, which does not progress to active tuberculosis (TB). This occurs, in part, because infected macrophages recruit immune cells to form a granuloma, isolating the bacteria and preventing its spread. In some individuals, granulomas undergo necrosis and tissue destruction occurs, releasing the bacteria and allowing the development of active disease. In this issue of the JCI, Elkington et al. provide evidence that M. tuberculosis drives the expression of MMP-1, which in turn promotes the collagen breakdown that leads to alveolar destruction in TB. These findings identify putative therapeutic targets for the prevention of TB.
Aluminum-Based Mechanical and Electrical Laser Interconnection Process for Module Integration of Silicon Solar Cells (2011)

In this paper, an interconnection method for the module integration of silicon solar cells by laser microwelding of the Al-metalized rear side of the solar cell to a metalized substrate is introduced. This laser microwelding process forms a direct mechanical and electrical connection between two Al-layers without the need for any soldering, conductive adhesives, or Ag-pastes. With a tensile tester, we measure tear-off stresses of up to 303 kPa for our laser weld spots. Furthermore, carrier lifetime measurements show that no defects are induced into the Si-crystal by the laser process over a wide range of laser pulse energies and number of laser pulses. In order to demonstrate the applicability of this laser-based interconnection method, we present a proof-of-concept module consisting of five n-type back-junction back-contact solar cells with a conversion efficiency of 20.0%.
A study of the aerial oxidation of L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine: purification of the product and equilibrium relationship involving the monomeric and dimeric cyclic derivatives (1980)

The aerial oxidation of L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine in water at pH 8.5 has been investigated. The reaction products, monomeric cyclic disulphide and parallel and antiparallel cyclic dimers, were fractionated by gel and thin layer chromatography. The relative yields of the products are independent of the type of the catalyst used and strictly obey equilibrium relationships. The equilibrium constant for the reversible isomerization of the two cyclic dimers is of the order of magnitude expected for a random distribution of –S–S– systems at equilibrium (K ca. 1), whereas the high values of the equilibrium constants for the dimerization equilibria are in line with the free energy differences expected for a cis–trans transformation of two peptide groups.
Integrity of Membrane Lipid Rafts Is Necessary for the Ordered Assembly and Release of Infectious Newcastle Disease Virus Particles (2006)

Membrane lipid raft domains are thought to be sites of assembly for many enveloped viruses. The roles of both classical lipid rafts and lipid rafts associated with the membrane cytoskeleton in the assembly of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were investigated. The lipid raft-associated proteins caveolin-1, flotillin-2, and actin were incorporated into virions, while the non-lipid raft-associated transferrin receptor was excluded. Kinetic analyses of the distribution of viral proteins in lipid rafts, as defined by detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), in non-lipid raft membranes, and in virions showed an accumulation of HN, F, and NP viral proteins in lipid rafts early after synthesis. Subsequently, these proteins exited the DRMs and were recovered quantitatively in purified virions, while levels of these proteins in detergent-soluble cell fractions remained relatively constant. Cholesterol depletion of infected cells drastically altered the association of viral proteins with DRMs and resulted in an enhanced release of virus particles with reduced infectivity. Decreased infectivity was not due to effects on subsequent virus entry, since the extraction of cholesterol from intact virus did not significantly reduce infectivity. Particles released from cholesterol-depleted cells had very heterogeneous densities and altered ratios of NP and glycoproteins, demonstrating structural abnormalities which potentially contributed to their lowered infectivity. Taken together, these results indicate that lipid rafts, including cytoskeleton-associated lipid rafts, are sites of NDV assembly and that these domains are important for ordered assembly and release of infectious Newcastle disease virus particles.
Frequency-tunable supercontinuum generation in photonic-crystal fibers by femtosecond pulses of an optical parametric amplifier (2002)

Supercontinuum emission is generated by the propagation of frequency-tunable femtosecond pulses of 1.1–1.5-µm radiation of an optical parametric amplifier through a photonic-crystal fiber. Nearly an octave’s spectral broadening was observed when laser pulses with a duration of 80–100 fs and an energy of several nanojoules per pulse were coupled into a photonic-crystal fiber with a core radius of 1.5–3 µm. The spectral broadening of femtosecond pulses at 1.1–1.5 µm is shown to be much more efficient than the spectral broadening of femtosecond pulses of 800-nm Ti:sapphire laser radiation. The role of dispersion in spectral broadening and supercontinuum generation is discussed. In experiments on supercontinuum generation with an optical parametric amplifier, the influence of dispersion effects was reduced by decreasing the size of the fiber core, which allowed the efficiency of supercontinuum generation to be improved without increasing the laser intensity.
A new adaptive linear multi-stage multiuser detector for DS-CDMA systems (2004)

Conventional linear multi-user detectors (MUD) such as the decorrelating MUD and MMSE MUD require the inversion of a matrix or solution of a system of linear equations. The high complexity involved makes direct matrix inversion or direct solution of the system of linear equations difficult especially when the number of users is large. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive linear multi-stage MUD that has lower complexity. Parameters of the proposed structure can be optimized offline or update on the fly according to channel conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed MUD with a few numbers of stages almost achieves the performance of the linear MMSE MUD.
Representation Discovery in Sequential Decision Making (2010)

Automatically constructing novel representations of tasks from analysis of state spaces is a longstanding fundamental challenge in AI. I review recent progress on this problem for sequential decision making tasks modeled as Markov decision processes. Specifically, I discuss three classes of representation discovery problems: finding functional, state, and temporal abstractions. I describe solution techniques varying along several dimensions: diagonalization or dilation methods using approximate or exact transition models; reward-specific vs reward-invariant methods; global vs. local representation construction methods; multiscale vs. flat discovery methods; and finally, orthogonal vs. redundant representa- tion discovery methods. I conclude by describing a number of open problems for future work.
Synthesis of BMS-309403-Related Compounds, Including [14C]BMS-309403, a Radioligand for Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein (2012)

Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP; FABP4), which is predominantly expressed in macrophages and adipose tissue, regulates fatty acid storage and lipolysis, and is also an important mediator of inflammation. Here, we report a synthesis of (14)C-labeled 2-[2'-(5-ethyl-3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)biphenyl-3-yloxy]acetic acid (BMS309403), a potent and selective small-molecular FABP4 inhibitor, as a chemical tool for investigating the roles of FABP4 in inflammatory and metabolic disorders. The structure-activity relationship of several BMS derivatives for inhibition of FABP4 is also reported.
DC link capacitor voltage balancing of a dual three-level T-type AC drive using switching state redundancy (2017)

Multilevel converters, which are supplied by cascaded capacitors and non-isolated DC sources, can not operate without capacitor voltage balancing. This paper proposes a capacitor voltage balancing technique for the dual three-level T-type advanced converter topology. The reason behind the capacitor voltage unbalance, of this topology, is discussed and clarified by using the converter power circuit connected to an open-end three-phase load. The converter switching states are studied and classified to three different groups according to their effect on the capacitor balancing. The proposed capacitor balancing algorithm is implemented based on switching state redundancy. This algorithm was tested by simulation through Matlab/Simulink and implemented experimentally using a field programmable gate-array digital controller. The proposed capacitor voltage balancing technique has applied to a dual three-level T-type converter AC drive system. The simulation and the experimental results were compared and analysed. Both the simulation and the experimental results are in agreement verifying the proposed algorithm.
DETERMINISTIC TRANSPLANTING ASSEMBLY OF INDIVIDUAL CARBON NANOTUBES TO MEMS CANTILEVERS FOR BIOSCANNING (2008)

This paper presents a novel assembly method for carbon nanotube (CNT)-tipped atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes at a high rate and with controllable quality. An array of vertically aligned CNTs grown on nickel nano-dots was embedded into MEMS scale polymer blocks that were then transplanted to MEMS cantilevers individually. We demonstrate that even manual transfer of a polymer block with a single CNT to the end of a silicon cantilever could form a CNT-tipped AFM probe. The scanning on a biological sample demonstrates the potential of a CNT-tipped AFM probe for fine scanning of soft biological samples.
New evidence that both T-type calcium channels and GABAA channels are responsible for the potent peripheral analgesic effects of 5α-reduced neuroactive steroids (2005)

Neurosteroids are potent blockers of neuronal low-voltage activated (T-type) Ca(2+) channels and potentiators of GABA(A) ligand-gated channels, but their effects in peripheral pain pathways have not been studied previously. To investigate potential analgesic effects and the ion channels involved, we tested the ability of locally injected 5alpha-reduced neurosteroids to modulate peripheral thermal nociception to radiant heat in adult rats in vivo and to modulate GABA(A) and T-type Ca(2+) channels in vitro. The steroid anesthetic alphaxalone (ALPX), the endogenous neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3alpha5alphaP), and a related compound ((3alpha,5alpha,17beta)-3-hydroxyandrostane-17-carbonitrile, (ACN)), induced potent, dose-dependent, enantioselective anti-nociception in vivo and modulation of both T-type Ca(2+) currents and GABA(A)-mediated currents in vitro. Analgesic effects of ALPX were incompletely antagonized by co-injections of the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline. The neurosteroid analogue ((3alpha,5alpha)-3-hydroxy-13,24-cyclo-18,21-dinorchol-22-en-24-ol (CDNC24), a compound with GABAergic but not T-type activity, was not analgesic. However, (3beta,5alpha,17beta)-17-hydroxyestrane-3-carbonitrile (ECN)), which has effects on T-type channels but not on GABA(A) receptors, also induced potent enantioselective peripheral anti-nociception. ECN increased pain thresholds less than ALPX, 3alpha5alphaP and ACN. However, when an ineffective dose of CDNC24 was combined with ECN, anti-nociceptive activity was greatly enhanced, and this effect was bicuculline-sensitive. These results strongly suggest that GABA(A) channels do not contribute to baseline pain transmission, but they can enhance anti-nociception mediated by blockade of T-type Ca(2+) channels. In conclusion, we demonstrate that potent peripheral analgesia induced by 5alpha-reduced neurosteroid is mediated in part by effects on T-type Ca(2+) channels. Our results also reveal a role of GABA-gated ion channels in peripheral nociceptive signaling.
Factors that influence VSV‐G pseudotyping and transduction efficiency of lentiviral vectors—<i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> implications (2007)

Pseudotyping viral vectors with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) enables the transduction of an extensive range of cell types from different species. We have discovered two important parameters of the VSV-G-pseudotyping phenomenon that relate directly to the transduction potential of lentiviral vectors: (1) the glycosylation status of VSV-G, and (2) the quantity of glycoprotein associated with virions. We measured production-cell and virion-associated quantities of two isoform variants of VSV-G, which differ in their glycosylation status, VSV-G1 and VSV-G2, and assessed the impact of this difference on the efficiency of mammalian cell transduction by lentiviral vectors. The glycosylation of VSV-G at N336 allowed greater maximal expression of VSV-G in HEK293T cells, thus facilitating vector pseudotyping. The transduction of primate cell lines was substantially affected (up to 50-fold) by the degree of VSV-G1 or VSV-G2 incorporation, whereas other cell lines, such as D17 (canine), were less sensitive to virion-associated VSV-G1/2 quantities. These data indicate that the minimum required concentration of virion-associated VSV-G differs substantially between cell species/types. The implications of these data with regard to VSV-G-pseudotyped vector production, titration, and use in host-cell restriction studies, are discussed.