gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Wheat Nitrogen Status with Canopy Reflectance Indices and Discriminant Analysis (1995)

Nitrogen deficiencies can seriously reduce yield and economic returns for farmers. Remote sensing could provide inexpensive, largearea estimates of N status and be used to monitor N status since leaf chlorophyll (Chi) A content is mainly determined by N availability. The objective was to determine if remote sensing of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Chi A content would provide a rapid estimation of wheat N status. We measured the reflectance of a wheat crop submitted to five different fertilization treatments throughout the growth cycle. We tested several empirical reflectance indices of pigment content: reflectance at 550 nm (R550), reflectance at 680 nm (R680), three parameters of the red edge [wavelength (λ re ), amplitude in the first derivative of the reflectance spectra (dR re ), and sum of amplitudes between 680 and 780 nm in the first derivative of the reflectance spectra (ΣdR 680–780nm )], and pigment simple ratio (PSR) and normalized pigment chlorophyll index (NPCI) (indices of carotenoid/Chl ratio). We also measured leaf Chi A and N content, and leaf area index. There were significant correlations between canopy Chi A content and R550, R680, and all the red edge parameters. The NPCI and PSR followed phenological evolution of the carotenoids/Chl A ratio and separated the different treatments. By discriminant analysis based on the pigment indices reflectance at 430 nm (R430), R550, R680, λ re , dR re , and NPCI, each reflectance spectrum can be assigned to a different N status class. Thus, the use of these optical techniques offers a potential for assessing N status of wheat.
NMR Analysis of a Novel Enzymatically Active Unlinked Dengue NS2B-NS3 Protease Complex (2013)

The dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen responsible for an estimated 100 million human infections annually. The viral genome encodes a two-component trypsin-like protease that contains the cofactor region from the nonstructural protein NS2B and the protease domain from NS3 (NS3pro). The NS2B-NS3pro complex plays a crucial role in viral maturation and has been identified as a potential drug target. Using a DENV protease construct containing NS2B covalently linked to NS3pro via a Gly4-Ser-Gly4 linker ("linked protease"), previous x-ray crystal structures show that the C-terminal fragment of NS2B is remote from NS3pro and exists in an open state in the absence of an inhibitor; however, in the presence of an inhibitor, NS2B complexes with NS3pro to form a closed state. This linked enzyme produced NMR spectra with severe signal overlap and line broadening. To obtain a protease construct with a resolved NMR spectrum, we expressed and purified an unlinked protease complex containing a 50-residue segment of the NS2B cofactor region and NS3pro without the glycine linker using a coexpression system. This unlinked protease complex was catalytically active at neutral pH in the absence of glycerol and produced dispersed cross-peaks in a (1)H-(15)N heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectrum that enabled us to conduct backbone assignments using conventional techniques. In addition, titration with an active-site peptide aldehyde inhibitor and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement studies demonstrated that the unlinked DENV protease exists predominantly in a closed conformation in solution. This protease complex can serve as a useful tool for drug discovery against DENV.
A comparative study for Time Series Forecasting within software 5G networks (2020)

5G has a very flexible network architecture due to virtualization and will come with various customisations based on different use cases. 5G also promises to provide intelligent networks with high bandwidth and low latency. One of the tradeoffs for this is the complexity of network monitoring and resource management of 5G; making availability, reliability and performance a challenge. The adoption of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) concepts ensure availability of network data and flexibility in architectural decisions for 5G. Because of the availability of data and advanced computing capabilities usage of ML (Machine Learning)/Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be envisaged in the control and management of 5G networks by predicting the load on the network. This article proposes a solution to integrate time-series based predictive analytics with 5G Core and shows a comparative study between two Time Series Forecasting Models-AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Face-book Prophet. Fraunhofer FOKUS Open5GCore is used as the reference 5G testbed toolkit for validating the proposal.
Novel Biochip Platform for Nucleic Acid Analysis (2012)

This manuscript describes the use of a novel biochip platform for the rapid analysis/identification of nucleic acids, including DNA and microRNAs, with very high specificity. This approach combines a unique dynamic chemistry approach for nucleic acid testing and analysis developed by DestiNA Genomics with the STMicroelectronics In-Check platform, which comprises two microfluidic optimized and independent PCR reaction chambers, and a sequential microarray area for nucleic acid capture and identification by fluorescence. With its compact bench-top "footprint" requiring only a single technician to operate, the biochip system promises to transform and expand routine clinical diagnostic testing and screening for genetic diseases, cancers, drug toxicology and heart disease, as well as employment in the emerging companion diagnostics market.
Affordable integrated sensor system (2002)

The PAVE PACE program showed that the cost and weight of an avionics system for a new aircraft can be cut in half and its reliability tripled by incorporating the concepts of common modules, resource sharing, and reconfiguration into the sensor domain. The sensor domain includes the classical RF boundaries of Communication-Navigation-Identification (CNI), Radar, and Electronic Warfare (EW). The Integrated Sensor System (ISS) program is a concept development and validation initiative to address the RF avionics affordability. The ISS goal is to define an Open System Architecture (OSA) which provides economies of scale through wide-spread application, decreased number of unique module types, increased competition, and increased leverage of COTS-based hardware and software. Validation is achieved through a series of builds and demonstrations using the open system standards. This paper will describe the RF avionics requirements, the ISS Open System Architecture, and the demonstration system being built to validate the standards.
Adaptive high-precision control of positioning tables-theory and experiments (1994)

Positioning tables are widely used in industries, and precise control of their motion is difficult to achieve because of uncertainty in their load and friction parameters. In this paper, we describe the development and experimentation of a new adaptive controller for precise table motion control. The global stability of the controller and global convergence of tracking errors are proven using Lyapunov stability theory under mild conditions. The adaptive controller has been experimentally implemented and extensively tested on a belt-drive high-speed table, resulting in significant improvement over conventional PID controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Homeodomain interactions (1996)

Homeodomain proteins play key roles in development and gene regulation in eukaryotes. Past structural studies have focused on the binding of monomeric homeodomains to DNA, but two recent structures have revealed how homeodomains bind DNA as multimers. The structures of the Drosophila Paired homodimer and the yeast a1/alpha2 heterodimer bound to DNA, along with a high-resolution study of a Drosophila eve-DNA complex, have deepened our understanding of how homeodomains locate their DNA targets.
Delay of coupling caused by excess additives (2005)

Use of excess quantity of additives such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole, or 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine could retard carbodiimide-mediated peptide coupling or aminolysis of the active esters in organic solvents generally employed in peptide chemistry. Solubility test and infrared spectroscopic data suggested that the amine components interacted with the additives to form some aggregates, which were less reactive toward acylation. The use of 0.1 equimolar additives against carboxyl components or carbodiimides was advantageous for rapid and efficient coupling reaction, especially when the carboxyl components were amino acids carrying urethane type N-protecting groups.
Topoisomerase‐I inhibitors for human malignant glioma: Differential modulation of p53, p21, bax and bcl‐2 expression and of CD95‐mediated apoptosis by camptothecin and β‐lapachone (1997)

β-lapachone and camptothecin are structurally unrelated agents thought to inhibit topoisomerase-I activity through distinct mechanisms. We find that β-lapachone is much more potent than camptothecin in inducing acute cytotoxic effects on human malignant glioma cells. Acute cytotoxicity induced by both drugs is apoptotic by electron microscopy, but not blocked by inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis and not associated with changes in the expression of bcl-2, bax, p53, p21 or GADD45 proteins. In contrast, prolonged exposure of glioma cells to both drugs for 72 hr results in growth inhibition and apoptosis, with EC50 values around 1 μM. None of 7 glioma cell lines tested were resistant to either drug. LN-229 cells which have partial p53-wild-type activity show enhanced expression of p53, p21 and bax protein, whereas bcl-2 levels decrease, after exposure to camptothecin. In contrast, β-lapachone increases bax protein expression in the absence of p53 activation. T98G cells are mutant for p53. In these cells, p53 levels do not change and p21 is not induced. bax accumulation in T98G cells is induced by both drugs, with bcl-2 levels unaltered. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of murine bcl-2 fails to abrogate the toxicity of either drug. Camptothecin, but not β-lapachone, sensitizes human malignant glioma cells to apoptosis induced by the cytotoxic cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and CD95 ligand. Thus, both drugs have potent anti-glioma activity that may be mediated by enhanced bax expression but is not inhibited by ectopic bcl-2 expression. Camptothecin-like agents are particularly promising for immunochemotherapy of malignant glioma using cytotoxic drugs and CD95 ligand. Int. J. Cancer 73:707–714, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Distribution of humanized MAb 425 (EMD 62,000) in rats and specific localization in tumor-bearing nude mice. (1995)

The murine MAb 425 (IgG2a) directed against human epidermal growth factor receptor is considered to have therapeutic potential in glioma patients. In order to circumvent immune response in clinical use, the MAb 425 was humanized by CDR-grafting (IgG1). We have studied the distribution of reshaped MAb 425 (EMD 62,000) in Wistar rats and the specific localization in female nude mice bearing human mamma carcinoma xenografts. The 125I-labelled MAb 425 was administered intravenously in a single dose (1 mg/kg) using unspecific human IgG1 antibody as control. The biodistribution was investigated both quantitatively and by whole-body autoradiography. The autoradiographs showed a selective uptake of radioactivity by the tumour tissue. 15 days after administration, radioactivity was bound exclusively to the tumour. Similar results were obtained with the murine monoclonal antibody. Quantitative studies exhibited a tumour-blood ratio of about 5. The study demonstrates that the humanized MAb 425 is selectively localized in human mamma carcinoma xenografted to athymic mice.
Adaptive comb filtering for motion artifact reduction from PPG with a structure of adaptive lattice IIR notch filter (2011)

Photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal can provide important information about cardiovascular and respiratory conditions of individuals in a hospital or daily life. However, PPG can be distorted by motion artifacts significantly. Therefore, the reduction of the effects of motion artifacts is very important procedure for monitoring cardio-respiratory system by PPG. There have been many adaptive techniques to reduce motion artifacts from PPG signal including normalized least mean squares (NLMS) method, recursive least squares (RLS) filter, and Kalman filter. In the present study, we propose the adaptive comb filter (ACF) for reducing the effects of motion artifacts from PPG signal. ACF with adaptive lattice infinite impulse response (IIR) notch filter (ALNF) successfully reduced the motion artifacts from the quasi-periodic PPG signal.
Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors: An Update on Achievements, Challenges, and Future Directions (2019)

Hsp90 is one of the most important chaperones involved in regulating the maturation of more than 300 client proteins, many of which are closely associated with refractory diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Clinical Hsp90 inhibitors bind to the ATP pocket in the N-terminal domain of Hsp90 and subsequently suppress the ATPase activity of Hsp90. Recently, with the increased understanding of the discrepancies in the isoforms of Hsp90 and the modes of Hsp90-co-chaperone-client complex interactions, some new strategies for Hsp90 inhibition have emerged. Novel Hsp90 inhibitors that offer selective suppression of Hsp90 isoforms or specific disruption of Hsp90-co-chaperone protein-protein interactions are expected to show with satisfactory efficacy and safety profiles. This review summarizes the recent progress in Hsp90 inhibitors. Additionally, Hsp90 inhibitory strategies are emphasized in this review.
Rational and random mutagenesis of firefly luciferase to identify an efficient emitter of red bioluminescence (2004)

Firefly luciferase, which emits yellow-green (557 nm) light, and the corresponding cDNA have been used successfully as a bioluminescence reporter of gene expression. One particularly exciting application is in the area of in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Our interest is in developing improved reagents by identifying Photinus pyralis luciferase mutants that efficiently emit red bioluminescence. In this way, the proven advantages of the P. pyralis protein can be combined with the potential advantages of a red-shifted emitter. Using site-directed mutagenesis techniques, we have identified many mutants emitting red bioluminescence. Unfortunately, these enzymes generally have significantly decreased bioluminescence activity. Interestingly, we discovered a mutation, Ile351Ala, that produced a moderate 16 nm red-shift, while maintaining excellent bioluminescence activity. We then undertook a random mutagenesis approach to identify luciferase mutants that emit further red-shifted bioluminescence with minimal loss of activity. Libraries of mutants were created using an error-prone PCR method and the Ile351Ala luciferase mutant as the template DNA. The libraries were screened by in vivo bacterial assays and the promising mutants were purified to enable accurate determination of bioluminescence emission spectra and total bioluminescence activity. We will report the characterization results, including the identification of the randomly altered amino acids, of several mutants that catalyze bioluminescence with emission maxima of approximately 600 nm.
Singe-mode cw operation of ’’double-dovetail’’ constricted DH (AlGa)As diode lasers (1978)

Constricted double-heterojunction (CDH) lasers have been prepared in a double-dovetail channel structure, which consistently provides cw fundamental-mode operation. Oscillation in both single lateral and single longitudinal modes (spectral halfwidth &lt;0.09 Å) is obtained at drive currents 50–100% above threshold and to cw power levels as high as 12 mW. ’’Kinkless’’ power-current curves at 20 and 70°C have been obtained from all lasers prepared to date to power levels close to that at which degradation occurs (∼30 mW cw at 20 °C for a 3–4-μm-wide lasing region). Threshold currents of 55–75 mA and external differential quantum efficiencies (one facet) of 15–17% are obtained from 120–150-μm-long diodes with a reflector on one facet. Threshold current ratios as low as 1.26 have been measured between 20 and 70 °C.
Pharmacological Treatment of Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia: A Review of the Evidence (2011)

Opioids are commonly used to treat moderate to severe pain. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is a paradoxical response to opioid agonists resulting in an increased perception of pain rather than an antinociceptive effect. Even though there is a debate regarding its clinical relevance, it is becoming a challenge in both acute and chronic pain settings. The study of opioid-induced hyperalgesia is an emerging field with multiple challenges faced by investigators with regard to defining the diagnosis and characterizing the findings. The objective of this study was to review the preliminary evidence related to the treatment and management of opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Lack of data, small patient numbers, short-term follow-up, and variations in study design limited the review. With the literature on this subject being sparse, this study attempts to provide a preliminary look at the available data and to set the stage for an eventual meta-analysis. Case reports in the literature have shown success with various pharmacological interventions. Possible treatment regimens include ketamine, dextromethorphan, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioid switching, amantadine, buprenorphine, α(2) agonists, and methadone. These agents are briefly discussed in this paper. Further well-designed, placebo-controlled trials are needed to assess the effectiveness of the interventions investigated in this review.
Biosynthesis of UDP-Xylose. Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Arabidopsis Gene Family, <i>UXS</i>, Encoding Soluble and Putative Membrane-Bound UDP-Glucuronic Acid Decarboxylase Isoforms (2002)

UDP-xylose (Xyl) is an important sugar donor for the synthesis of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, various metabolites, and oligosaccharides in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. UDP-Xyl also feedback inhibits upstream enzymes (UDP-glucose [Glc] dehydrogenase, UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase, and UDP-GlcA decarboxylase) and is involved in its own synthesis and the synthesis of UDP-arabinose. In plants, biosynthesis of UDP-Xyl is catalyzed by different membrane-bound and soluble UDP-GlcA decarboxylase (UDP-GlcA-DC) isozymes, all of which convert UDP-GlcA to UDP-Xyl. Because synthesis of UDP-Xyl occurs both in the cytosol and in membranes, it is not known which source of UDP-Xyl the different Golgi-localized xylosyltransferases are utilizing. Here, we describe the identification of several distinct Arabidopsis genes (named AtUXS for UDP-Xyl synthase) that encode functional UDP-GlcA-DC isoforms. The Arabidopsis genome contains five UXS genes and their protein products can be subdivided into three isozyme classes (A-C), one soluble and two distinct putative membrane bound. AtUxs from each class, when expressed in Escherichia coli, generate active UDP-GlcA-DC that converts UDP-GlcA to UDP-Xyl. Members of this gene family have a large conserved C-terminal catalytic domain (approximately 300 amino acids long) and an N-terminal variable domain differing in sequence and size (30-120 amino acids long). Isoforms of class A and B appear to encode putative type II membrane proteins with their catalytic domains facing the lumen (like Golgi-glycosyltransferases) and their N-terminal variable domain facing the cytosol. Uxs class C is likely a cytosolic isoform. The characteristics of the plant Uxs support the hypothesis that unique UDP-GlcA-DCs with distinct subcellular localizations are required for specific xylosylation events.
ACTION POTENTIALS OF MUSCLES IN NORMAL SUBJECTS (1939)

A study of the general physiology of the innervation of normal striated muscle in man may safely be limited to a few basic features. It is justifiable to assume that in most respects the muscles of the normal human being behave like those of other mammals, which have been the subject of numerous investigations. Some aspects of muscular activity, for example voluntary contraction, which differs in important respects from the results of electrical stimulation or of reflex innervation, are more readily observed in human subjects than in animals. The neurologic disorders to which man is subject present an opportunity for the study of the physiology of striated muscle which is in many ways unique, as they can be duplicated only to a small extent by mutilating experiments on animals. In the course of various diseases muscles can be observed under the influence of a great variety of conditions, some of
Double Difference Ambiguity Resolution for GLONASS/GPS Carrier Phase (1999)

The satellite constellation and the signal structure of the
Russian GLONASS and the US GPS are comparable.
GLONASS observations can be processed similarly to
GPS data, if the differences in the reference frame, the
system time and in the frequencies of the satellite signals
are taken into consideration. The last item leads to a new
term in the double difference phase observation equation
and may destroy the integer nature of the ambiguities.
This new term depends on the wavelength difference of
the two satellites involved and the error in the initial sin-gle difference ambiguities. In order to account for the
new term, we use an iterative ambiguity resolution algo-rithm
and solve for one double difference ambiguity in
each iteration step. In the first iteration step the ambiguity
with the smallest rms error, resp. the smallest wavelength
difference of the two satellites, will be fixed to an integer
number if certain criteria are fulfilled. Each successfully
resolved double difference ambiguity of a satellite pair
with different wavelengths leads to an improved accuracy
of the single difference ambiguities in the next iteration
step. Thus, the new term is getting smaller with each it-eration
step and this should finally allow to resolve the
double difference ambiguities for all satellite pairs.
The algorithm is mainly suited for static GLONASS/GPS
processing of long sessions ( ³ 1 hour). We show the re-sults
of the ambiguity resolution of two baselines having
a length of 5 m and 6.6 km, respectively.
Acute muscle spasm. (2001)

In a CMAJ research letter, Norman Epstein described 8 patients with acute muscle spasm.[1][1] The diagnosis appears to have been based on subjective measurements of range of motion and pain; Epstein did not state how range of motion and tenderness were measured. 

There is no proof that pain