gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Square-pattern convection in fluids with strongly temperature-dependent viscosity (1985)

Three-dimensional numerical solutions are obtained describing convection with a square lattice in a layer heated from below with no-slip top and bottom boundaries. The limit of infinite Prandtl number and a linear dependence of the viscosity on temperature are assumed. The stability of the three-dimensional solutions with respect to disturbances fitting the square lattice is analysed. It is shown that convection in the form of two-dimensional rolls is stable for low variations of viscosity, while square-pattern convection becomes stable when the viscosity contrast between upper and lower parts of the fluid layer is sufficiently strong. The theoretical results are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations.
A monolithic Si PCS-CDMA power amplifier with an impedance-controllable biasing scheme (2002)

This paper for the first time presents a monolithic Si PCS-CDMA power amplifier (PA) capable of delivering 28.2 dBm output power with 30% power-added efficiency (PAE) and -45 dBc adjacent-channel-power ratio (ACPR) at 1.9 GHz and 3.6 V supply voltage. The PA implemented in a 30 GHz BiCMOS process incorporates a novel impedance-controllable biasing scheme to control class of operation and bias impedance of the output stage.
Characterization of High Tc Materials and Devices by Electron Microscopy (2000)

This is a clear and up-to-date account of the application of electron-based microscopies to the study of high {Tc} superconductors. Written by leading experts, this compilation provides a comprehensive review of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy, together with details of each technique and its applications. Introductory chapters cover the basics of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, including a chapter devoted to specimen preparation techniques and microanalysis by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Ensuring chapters examine identification of new superconducting compounds, imaging of superconducting properties by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy, imaging of vortices by electron holography and electronic structure determination by electron energy loss spectroscopy. The use of scanning tunneling microscopy for exploring surface morphology, growth processes and the mapping of superconducting carrier distributions is also discussed. Final chapters consider applications of electron microscopy to the analysis of grain boundaries, thin films and device structures. Detailed references are included. This book will interest graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics and material science.
Novel Non- <i>mecA</i> -Containing Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette Composite Island Containing <i>pbp4</i> and <i>tagF</i> Genes in a Commensal Staphylococcal Species: a Possible Reservoir for Antibiotic Resistance Islands in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2004)

Among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates, a staphylococcal chromosomal cassette containing the mecA gene (SCCmec) is integrated into the chromosome at a unique site. SCCmec also contains unique ccrAB recombinase genes mediating its integration and excision from the genome and is flanked by characteristic left and right direct- and inverted-repeat sequences. A few non-mecA-containing SCC elements that have the other molecular features described above have recently been described. The origin of these cassettes is not clear. We have identified two new members of the SCC family integrated within orfX in Staphylococcus epidermidis strain ATCC 12228, neither of which carries mecA. One is a 57-kb element flanked by a unique 28-bp SCC direct repeat. It was called the SCC composite island (SCC-CI) because it carries a 19-kb SCC element (SCCpbp4) nested within it. SCCpbp4 contains pbp4 and tagF genes, as well as one pair of ccrAB genes (allotype 2) flanked by classical SCC-specific terminal repeats. External to SCCpbp4, SCC-CI contains a second pair of ccrAB genes (allotype 4), three IS431 elements, and genes mediating resistance to heavy metals. Genes mediating restriction-modification that may facilitate horizontal transfer are also present within SCC-CI, both within and outside SCCpbp4. Several novel arrangements of the SCC direct and inverted repeats were identified. Several long stretches of homology with other SCCs were found within and outside SCCpbp4. In view of the fact that SCC-CI was found in a commensal species, it may represent a reservoir for sequences involved in genetic shuffling between staphylococci and may contribute to the diversity found in SCC elements.
Multistage Friend erythroleukemia: independent origin of tumor clones with normal or rearranged p53 cellular oncogenes (1987)

The erythroleukemia induced by Friend virus complex in adult mice is a multistage malignancy characterized by the emergence, late in the disease, of tumorigenic cell clones. We have previously shown that a significant proportion of these clones have unique rearrangements in their cellular p53 oncogene. The clonal relationships among Friend tumor cells isolated in the late stages of Friend erythroleukemia were analyzed by examining the unique integration site of Friend murine leukemia virus and the unique rearrangement in their cellular p53 oncogene. The majority of clones isolated from individual mice infected with Friend virus were clonally related as judged by the site of Friend murine leukemia virus integration. However, Southern gel analysis of DNA from individual Friend cell clones indicated that all of the clones with a normal p53 gene from the same mice were clonally related, but were unrelated to the Friend cell lines with a rearranged p53 gene. These results suggest that Friend tumor cells with rearrangements in their p53 gene arise as the result of a unique transformation event, rather than by progression from already existing tumor cells with a normal p53 gene. They also suggest that such rearrangements in the p53 gene confer a strong selective advantage to these cells in vivo.
Fault exposure ratio estimation and applications (2002)

One of the most important parameters that control reliability growth is the fault exposure ratio (FER) identified by J.D. Musa et al. (1991). It represents the average detectability of the faults in software. Other parameters that control reliability growth are software size and execution speed of the processor which are both easily evaluated. The fault exposure ratio thus presents a key challenge in our quest towards understanding the software testing process and characterizing it analytically. It has been suggested that the fault exposure ratio may depend on the program structure, however the structuredness as measured by decision density may average out and may not vary with program size. In addition FER should be independent of program size. The available data sets suggest that FER varies as testing progresses. This has been attributed partly to the non-randomness of testing. We relate defect density to FER and present a model that can be used to estimate FER. Implications of the model are discussed. This model has three applications. First, it offers the possibility of estimating parameters of reliability growth models even before testing begins. Secondly, it can assist in stabilizing projections during the early phases of testing when the failure intensity may have large short term swings. Finally, since it allows analytical characterization of the testing process, it can be used in expressions describing processes like software test coverage growth.
Processing of Hydraulic Pressure Sensor Signal Based on Wavelet Analysis (2012)

Hydraulic pressure sensor in the automobile is vulnerable to be polluted by the environment of vehicle, the excitation of road and other factors. In this paper, a method based on wavelet analysis is proposed to solve the interference of hydraulic sensor signal. With the wavelet time-frequency analysis, the development trend of the effective signal is identified by wavelet decomposition. Then on the basis of the estimation method, which estimates the noise variance by correlation coefficients, the sensor signal is treated by use of wavelet threshold de-noising. Finally, the available sample value of the signal is constructed by mean filter. In addition, it has been proved by the experiment that the approach, put forward in this paper, is an effective way on the analysis of hydraulic signal and noise elimination.
Exclusive Lasso for Multi-task Feature Selection (2010)

We propose a novel group regularization which we call exclusive lasso. Unlike the group lasso regularizer that assumes covarying variables in groups, the proposed exclusive lasso regularizer models the scenario when variables in the same group compete with each other. Analysis is presented to illustrate the properties of the proposed regularizer. We present a framework of kernel based multi-task feature selection algorithm basedontheproposedexclusivelassoregularizer. An efficient algorithmis derivedtosolve the related optimization problem. Experiments with document categorization show that our approach outperforms state-of-theart algorithms for multi-task feature selection. 1
Nonlinear polarization evolution and instability in a twisted birefringent fiber (1986)

We present an exact solution for the polarization evolution in a single-mode optical fiber when the self-induced, the intrinsic, and the twist-induced birefringences are taken into account and the stability characteristics of the nonlinear eigenpolarizations are studied. The relevance of the theory for the operation of nonlinear-optical signal-processing devices is discussed.
증례 : 제대동맥협착으로 일측 태아사망을 초래한 쌍태임신 1예 (2008)

쌍태임신에서 일측태아의 사망은 드문 산과적 합병증이다. 태아사망을 유발하는 제대합병증들 중 제대동맥의 협착과 혈전을 동반한 제대정맥류는 매우 드물게 나타난다. 본 증례에서는 사망한 태아의 제대에서 확장된 정맥과 불완전하게 개통된 동맥을 동반한 나선형의 혈관이 밀집된 가결절이 관찰되었다. 이 보고는 제대동맥 협착과 제대동맥류내 혈전이 쌍태임신에서 일측 태아사망을 초래한 최초의 보고이다.
Transport of Protein-Bound Hormones into Tissues<i>in Vivo</i>* (1981)

THE STEROID and thyroid hormones circulate in the plasma tightly bound by albumin and by specific plasma globulins (1, 2). Consequently, hormones exist in two states at equilibrium in vitro, i.e. free (dialyzable) and protein-bound. A widely held hypothesis in endocrinology is that the fraction of hormone that is free in vitro is equivalent to the fraction of hormone that is free and available for transport into tissues in vivo. Therefore, in vitro measurements of free hormones may be commonly used as reliable indices of the free hormone in vivo for a variety of clinical states. The purpose of this review is to advance the concept that the large protein-bound moiety of plasma hormone is available for transport into tissues. Consequently, the fraction of plasma hormone that is available for transport in vivo may deviate greatly from the free fraction in vitro. Under some conditions, changes in the free hormone fraction in vitro and in the fraction of plasma hormone that is available for transport in vivo will be proportional.
Binary Keypoint Descriptor for Accelerated Matching (2012)

Efficient extraction of key points from images is a hot topic in computer vision and forms many applications. We propose a kind of binary descriptor which is invariant to rotation, viewpoint change, blur change, brightness change, and JPEG compression. To best address the whole process, this paper covers key point detection, description and matching. Orientations of the interest points are estimated by the Haar-wavelet responses to achieve rotation invariance. Binary descriptors are computed by comparing the intensities of two points in the overlapping sampling pattern on image patches. At last, binary descriptors are matched by Hamming distance which can be done very fast on SSE instruction set of modern CPUs such as Core i7 processor. We use coarse-to-fine strategy to accelerate the matching of key point. In the experiment results, we will show that our descriptor is fast and robust.
Control of <i>Arabidopsis</i> meristem development by thioredoxin-dependent regulation of intercellular transport (2009)

Cell-to-cell communication is crucial for multicellular development, and in plants occurs through specialized channels called plasmodesmata (PD). In our recent manuscript we reported the characterization of a PD trafficking mutant, 'gfp arrested trafficking 1' (gat1), which carries a mutation in the thioredoxin-m3 (TRX-m3) gene. gat1 mutants showed restricted GFP transport from the phloem to the root meristem that appears to result from structural modifications in the PD channel. We found accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and callose, as well as a reduction in starch granules in the gat1 root meristem. Application of oxidants to wildtype plants and expression of our GFP reporter in the mutant root meristemless 1 (rml1) mimic the gat1 phenotype. Our results suggest that mutations in GAT1 cause ROS accumulation and induce the biosynthesis of callose, which in turn block PD transport. Therefore, we propose a model whereby GAT1/TRX-m3 is a component of a redox-regulated pathway that maintains PD permeability in Arabidopsis meristems.
Different Regulatory Regions Are Required for the Vernalization-Induced Repression of <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i> and for the Epigenetic Maintenance of Repression (2002)

Vernalization, the promotion of flowering by a prolonged period of low temperature, results in repression of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and in early flowering. This repression bears the hallmark of an epigenetic event: the low expression state is maintained over many cell division cycles, but expression is derepressed in progeny. We show that the two stages of the response of FLC to vernalization, the repression of FLC and the maintenance of the repression during growth at normal temperatures after vernalization, are mediated through different regions of the FLC gene. Both promoter and intragenic regions are required for the responses. We also identify a 75-bp region in the FLC promoter that, in addition to intragenic sequences, is required for expression in nonvernalized plants.
Improving Adiponectin Levels in Individuals With Diabetes and Obesity: Insights From Look AHEAD (2015)

OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether fitness changes resulting from lifestyle interventions for weight loss may independently contribute to the improvement of low adiponectin levels in obese individuals with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) randomized overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes to intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for weight loss or to diabetes support and education (DSE). Total and high–molecular weight adiponectin (adiponectins), weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness (submaximal exercise stress test) were measured in 1,397 participants at baseline and at 1 year, when ILI was most intense. Regression analyses examined the associations of 1-year weight and fitness changes with change in adiponectins. RESULTS ILI resulted in greater improvements in weight, fitness, and adiponectins at 1 year compared with DSE (P &lt; 0.0001). Weight loss and improved fitness were each associated with changes in adiponectins in men and women (P &lt; 0.001 for all), after adjusting for baseline adiponectins, demographics, clinical variables, and treatment arm. Weight loss contributed an additional 4–5% to the variance of change in adiponectins than did increased fitness in men; in women, the contributions of improved fitness (1% greater) and of weight loss were similar. When weight and fitness changes were both accounted for, weight loss in men and increased fitness in women retained their strong associations (P &lt; 0.0001) with adiponectin change. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in fitness and weight with ILI were favorably but distinctly associated with changes in adiponectin levels in overweight/obese men and women with diabetes. Future studies need to investigate whether sex-specific biological determinants contribute to the observed associations.
Photocarrier Generation Process of Phthalocyanine Particles Dispersed in a Polymer: Effects of Pigment Particle Size, Polymer Matrix and Addition of Fine γ-Alumina Particles (1991)

In systems of phthalocyanine particles dispersed in polymer, the effects of pigment particle size, electric property of the polymer and addition of fine γ-alumina particles on photocarrier generation efficiency have been studied. With smaller pigment particle size and higher dielectric constant of the polymer, the photocurrent increased. Addition of γ-alumina particles also caused a considerable increase in the photocurrent. It seemed that photocarrier generation occurred at the surface of the pigment particles and adsorbed oxygen played an important role in the process.
New pre-catalysts for olefin polymerisation and ring-opening polymerisation of lactides/lactones (2014)

A number of pre-catalysts featuring phenoxyimine, phenolate and calixarene ligand systems have
been synthesized, characterised and screened for their ability to polymerize α-olefins or ring open
polymerize (ROP) cyclic esters.
The treatment of a number of related phenoxyimine ligands (L1H – L3H, L6H – L14H) and bridged
phenoxyimines (L4H2 and L5H2) with vanadium trichloride (VCl3), vanadium oxytrichloride (VOCl3) or
vanadium oxytripropoxide (VO(OnPr)3) afforded the compounds 1 – 20. Compounds 21, 22 and 23
were isolated from the reaction between VO(OnPr)3 and diphenolate ligand (L15H2) or bridged
diphenolates (L16H4 or L17H4) respectively. Treatment of the alkali vanadium compound
(LiVO(OtBu)4) with tert-butylcalix[6]arene (L18H6) afforded compound 24, while on a number of
syntheses, the minor 1D polymeric compound 25 was also obtained. Whilst the reaction between
tert-butylcalix[8]arene (L19H8) and NaVO(OtBu)4 led to the formation of compound 26, the use of the
alkali free VO(OtBu)3 resulted in the formation of two solvates of compound 27.
Imidazole (L20H), oxazole (L21H), α-diimine (L22), iminopyridine (L23, L24) and phenoxyimine (L25H –
L29H) ligand sets have been treated with group 5 (Nb or Ta) chlorides or oxytrichlorides to afford
compounds 28 – 50, which have been fully characterised. The screening of group 5 compounds 1 – 50
for the polymerisation of α-olefins revealed high activity, significantly in the case of the niobium precatalysts
which were two orders of magnitude above the previously reported compounds.
The reactions between 1,3-dipropoxy-p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene (L30H2), hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene
(L31H3) or tripropoxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (L32H) with zinc or magnesium alkyls has been
explored, resulting in the isolation of compounds 51 – 58, which includes a number of
heterobimetallic compounds. While all of the zinc and magnesium compounds screened were found
to be active for the ring opening polymerisation of either e-caprolactone or rac-lactide, compound 58,
featuring a tripropoxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (L32H) ligand with a magnesium n-butyl group was
found to exhibit exceptional activity and immortal character.
Residues crucial for Ras interaction with GDP-GTP exchangers. (1993)

Cdc25 is essential for Ras-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This protein acts by catalyzing GDP-GTP exchange on yeast Ras. Harvey (Ha) ras expressed in S. cerevisiae is also recognized by both Cdc25 and Sdc25, a yeast homolog of Cdc25. Thus it is feasible to examine molecular aspects of mammalian Ras modulation by Cdc25 using the RAS/cAMP pathway in yeast as a model system. Here, we describe mutational analysis of Ha-ras for the identification of residues critical for the ability of Ras to interact with Cdc25 and related guanine nucleotide-release proteins. Mutations within codons 97-108 impaired Ras-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase in the presence but not in the absence of mammalian GTPase-activating protein. Such mutations, therefore, affected the ability of Ras to undergo GDP-GTP exchange catalyzed by the guanine nucleotide exchanger without preventing Ras activation of the effector. Similar mutations were previously shown to impair the ability of c-ras to transform mammalian cells while having a less drastic effect on v-ras.
Implementation and results of a MIMO PLC feasibility study (2011)

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) methods significantly improve the coverage of Power Line Communications (PLC) compared to Single Input Single Output (SISO) systems. This paper describes the implementation and results of the first real-time MIMO PLC feasibility study. Our system setup includes two PCs, each containing two FPGAs. It enables the comparison of SISO versus MIMO PLC transmissions regarding parameters such as data throughput, BER, channel estimation, QAM constellations, equalizer matrices, etc. Additionally Beamforming may be applied on the fly. Field tests in private homes show the significantly increased data throughput and link reliability of the MIMO PLC system.
Effect of subcutaneous thymopentin treatment in drug addicts with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. (1987)

The effect of thymopentin treatment on the immune defects in drug addicts with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and HTLV-III infection was investigated. Thymopentin was administered subcutaneously at two different dose schedules: 50 mg three times a week for 3 weeks (first cycle) and 50 mg/week for 3 months (second cycle). After the first cycle an increased number of OKT4(+) lymphocytes and an improvement of PWM-induced blastogenesis and IgG synthesis in vitro was observed. The second cycle was unable to modify the same immune parameters in vitro. The treatment had no effect on the PHA responsiveness and on PHA-induced interleukin 2 production. The significance and the prognostic value of these findings are discussed in terms of the clinical evolution of the syndrome.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of <i>n</i>-Butane in a Two-Zone Fluidized-Bed Reactor (1998)

A fluidized-bed reactor with separate butane and oxygen feeds has been studied in the oxidative dehydrogenation of butane. Under suitable conditions, feed segregation allows the creation of separated oxidation and reduction zones in the same reaction vessel, between which a V/MgO catalyst is recirculated. The behavior of the reactor has been characterized, with the separation of oxidation and reduction zones as the focus of the study. The performance of the two-zone reactor has been compared to that of a conventional fluidized-bed reactor.
DNA Replication and Order of Cell Cycle Events: A Role for Protein Isoprenylation? (1997)

When the aya1+ gene is mutated, Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells become unable to react appropriately to a delay in DNA replication. Instead of stalling the cell cycle to allow completion of DNA synthesis, they proceed unperturbed towards mitosis and attempt to segregate the still unreplicated chromosomes. As a result, the genetic material segregates unevenly and the nuclei assume a mitotic catastrophe phenotype, characterized by torn chromosomes (cut), anucleated cells and scattered chromosomes. Interestingly, the aya1 phenotype can be suppressed by overexpression of either the catalytic subunit of S. pombe DNA polymerase alpha or of a novel protein called hur1 +p. The latter bears significant homology to the core of the human Rab escort protein, which belongs to a family of factors necessary to the post-translational isoprenylation of proteins like Ras, Rab and lamin B. When isoprenylation is chemically inhibited with R-limonene (a monoterpene derived from orange rind), wild type S. pombe cells become insensitive to an S phase delay, in a manner strongly reminiscent of aya1 mutants. Moreover, overexpression of hur1 +p in wild type cells rescues the failing checkpoint function. We propose that there is a strong correlation between the aya1 phenotype, S-M phase checkpoint function, and isoprenylation events in fission yeast.