gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential network entropy reveals cancer system hallmarks (2012)

The cellular phenotype is described by a complex network of molecular interactions. Elucidating network properties that distinguish disease from the healthy cellular state is therefore of critical importance for gaining systems-level insights into disease mechanisms and ultimately for developing improved therapies. By integrating gene expression data with a protein interaction network we here demonstrate that cancer cells are characterised by an increase in network entropy. In addition, we formally demonstrate that gene expression differences between normal and cancer tissue are anticorrelated with local network entropy changes, thus providing a systemic link between gene expression changes at the nodes and their local correlation patterns. In particular, we find that genes which drive cell-proliferation in cancer cells and which often encode oncogenes are associated with reductions in network entropy. These findings may have potential implications for identifying novel drug targets.
A Trapped Mercury 199 Ion Frequency Standard (1981)

Mercury 199 ions confined in an RF quadrupole trap and optically pumped by mercury 202 ion resonance light are investigated as the basis for a high performance frequency standard with commercial possibilities. Results achieved and estimates of the potential performance of such a standard are given.
Developments in Micro Gas Chromatography (1966)

A micro gas chromatographic system has been developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to analyze the atmosphere of Mars in a few seconds during the descent of a landing capsule. The system consists of micro components, including highly efficient micro packed columns capable of rapid separation at flow rates of less than 1 cc. per minute, a micro thermal conductivity detector with an internal volume of 0.1 µI. and sensitivity better than 5 ppm., and a sampling valve capable of injecting a 1-µI. gas sample. The components, and the new techniques required to develop them, are described.
Visual knowledge transfer among multiple cameras for people counting with occlusion handling (2012)

We present a framework to count the number of people in an environment where multiple cameras with different angles of view are available. We consider the visual cues captured by each camera as a knowledge source, and carry out cross-camera knowledge transfer to alleviate the difficulties of people counting, such as partial occlusions, low-quality images, clutter backgrounds, and so on. Specifically, this work distinguishes itself with the following contributions. First, we overcome the variations of multiple heterogeneous cameras with different perspective settings by matching the same groups of pedestrians taken by these cameras, and present an algorithm for accomplishing cross-camera correspondence. Second, the proposed counting model is composed of a pair of collaborative regressors. While one regressor measures people counts by the features extracted from intra-camera visual evidences, the other recovers the yielded residual by taking the conflicts among inter-camera predictions into account. The two regressors are elegantly coupled, and jointly lead to an accurate counting system. Additionally, we provide a set of manually annotated pedestrian labels on the PETS 2010 videos for performance evaluation. Our approach is comprehensively tested in various settings and compared with competitive baselines. The significant improvement in performance manifests the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
e-비즈니스 일반 : 브랜드 사랑, 브랜드 충성도 및 구전이 브랜드 경영에 미치는 영향 (2011)

본 논문은 지난 50년간 마케팅의 핵심적인 전략인 소비자의 ``구매 행동에 대한 만족감``의 연장선상에서 이해할 수 있는 새로운 구성개념으로 ``브랜드의 사랑``을 설정하였다. 그리고 브랜드 사랑을 설명할 수 있는 요인과 브랜드 사랑으로 인해 영향 받을 수 있는 소비자의 행동변수에 관한 이론적 모델을 구성하였다. 브랜드 사랑의 설명할 수 있는 세 가지 잠재변수-친밀감, 열정, 및 몰입-와 브랜드 사랑이 영향을 줄 수 있는 두 가지 행위 변수-브랜드 충성 및 구전-를 조사하였다. 구체적으로 브랜드의 친밀함과 열정은 브랜드 사랑에 통계적으로 유의한 관계를 보이고, 브랜드 사랑은 브랜드 충성도와 구전 모두에서 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 예측변수의 상대적인 중요성의 관점에서 스텐버그의 사랑이론 중 열정이 다른 두 변수(e.g., 친밀감 & 몰입)보다 브랜드 사랑에 가장 많은 영향을 미치며, 브랜드 사랑은 구전보다 브랜드 충성도에 더 강력한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
Propagation of geotags based on object duplicate detection (2010)

In this paper, we consider the use of object duplicate detection for the propagation of geotags from a small set of images with location names (IPTC) to a large set of non-tagged images. The motivation behind this idea is that images of individual locations usually contain specific objects such as monuments, buildings or signs. Therefore, object duplicate detection can be used to establish the correspondence between tagged and non-tagged images. Our recent graph based object duplicate detection approach is adapted for this task. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through a set of experiments considering various locations.
Achieving change through a best practice employee survey (2012)

Purpose Employee surveys are used by organizations throughout the world, typically to drive change and improve engagement and retention. Giving employees a voice is seen as a “good thing to do” but too often the managerial response to the findings is “so what?”. This paper aims to offer a clear direction for creating best practice employee engagement surveys. It seeks to explain how action planning can be improved, thus enabling change to be managed and implemented more effectively. Design/methodology/approach In total, 31 HR practitioners who manage employee surveys within their organizations were surveyed for this study in early 2010. The participating companies are large organizations headquartered primarily in the UK, Germany and the USA. They represent a diverse set of industries including banking and financial services, consumer products, information technology, manufacturing, natural resources, telecommunication/utility services and retail. Findings The paper reveals the key challenges that survey practitioners face and the barriers they need to overcome. It highlights that senior leaders are a key barrier and that metrics of survey effectiveness often lack organizational focus. It offers insights and practical recommendations for HR practitioners. In particular, it shows how organizations can improve their survey feedback and action‐planning processes. Originality/value The paper is based on original research by the Kenexa High Performance Institute. It translates the survey findings into practical implications for HR practitioners who are looking to utilize employee surveys to drive change and improve engagement.
Compounding the Truck Diesel Engine with an Organic Rankine-Cycle System (1976)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An organic Rankine-cycle system (ORCS) operating on the heat from the exhaust gases of a truck diesel engine is described. The addition of an ORCS to a long haul diesel truck can improve the fuel economy by 15% over a typical duty cycle. This represents a potential reduction of 1.8 billion gal/yr (120,000 barrels/day) in near-term transportation fuel requirements. Emission levels will also be reduced by an amount equal to the gain in efficiency. At current diesel fuel cost, the potential fuel savings also provide an economic incentive to the fleet operator to invest in the added cost of a bottoming cycle system. Results from tests conducted with a Mack 676 diesel engine and an organic Rankine bottoming cycle (not specifically designed for this application) are presented. At the peak power condition, 36 additional horsepower was produced, a gain of 13% in power without additional fuel.</div>
Efficacy and Safety of Atropine Administered Prior to Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography (2007)

Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is widely used to evaluate myocardial ischemia or to clarify the differential diagnosis of chest pain. DSE is often complicated by insufficient heart rate response, hypotension or other adverse events. We report the results of the assessment of a modified protocol for DSE, in which 0.5mg of intravenous atropine administration was followed by dobutamine (DOB) infusion at 10 μg/kg/min. Three hundred twenty-two consecutive patients, 172 patients studied with the modified protocol and 150 controls undergoing conventional DSE, were compared. The percentage of patients attaining target heart rate (THR) via the modified protocol was significantly increased (65% vs. 35%, P<0.0001). The percentage of patients developing hypotension (defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) >25mmHg) was significantly decreased (<1% vs. 19%, P<0.0001). Fewer patients required the maximum dose (40 μg/kg/min) of DOB infusion. Peak heart rate (peak HR), peak HR:THR ratio, peak SBP, and the peak rate-pressure product were higher with the modified protocol, as compared to the conventional protocol (P<0.0001). DOB requirements were significantly reduced in patients not receiving βblockers (P<0.0001), but not in patients on βblockers (P=NS). The prevalence of arrhythmias, SBP>250mmHg, de novo intra-ventricular gradient development (>100mmHg) and intolerable symptoms did not differ between the groups. Coronary angiography was performed in 80 patients including in 45 patients with the conventional protocol and 35 patients with the modified protocol. No significant difference in sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the two protocols was observed. These results indicate that the modified protocol improves attainment of THR and prevents hypotension during DSE. Serious adverse events were not increased.
Updates on Ge and SiGe CMP processes for integration as high mobility channel materials (2015)

The introduction of Ge/SiGe as a replacement material for silicon in the channel of advanced CMOS devices is a promising process option to enable the desired performance benefits/power reductions for future technology nodes (<10nm). Ge/SiGe CMP is an essential process step for the realization of the integration of these high mobility materials on standard Si wafers. Previously we have reported on the initial developments of the Ge/SiGe CMP processes [1] [2] [3]. In this work we will discuss two different options for the Ge/SiGe integration: the Ge channel can be introduced either by using the replacement fin approach or by the use of strain relaxed buffer layers. Furthermore we provide further updates for the related CMP processes, such as the selectivity of the Ge/SiGe CMP process to other materials than oxide, the possible use of advanced endpoint control (based on white light) for these materials and some initial defect characterization of relevant defects.
Phosphorylation and nuclear localization of the hepatitis B virus core protein: significance of serine in the three repeated SPRRR motifs (1995)

Hepatitis B virus core protein (antigen) is an important serologic marker of hepatitis B virus infection. This protein is found in the cytoplasm or the nuclei, or both, of infected hepatocytes. A nuclear localization signal has previously been identified in the core protein sequence. This signal overlaps three repeated SPRRR motifs. In this report, we demonstrate that substitution of all of the serine residues in these three SPRRR motifs with alanine can prevent almost entirely the phosphorylation of the core protein in Huh-7 hepatoma cells, enhance nuclear localization of the core protein in both Huh-7 and nonhepatic cells, and abolish cell cycle regulation of nuclear localization of the core protein. Since the three core protein mutants which retained only one serine residue of each of the three SPRRR motifs could be phosphorylated to similar degrees, these three serine residues likely could serve as the acceptor sites for phosphorylation with equal efficiency. These results, together with the observation that the three SPRRR motifs overlap the nuclear localization signal of the core protein, raise the possibility that nuclear localization of the core protein is negatively regulated by phosphorylation of the serine residues in the SPRRR motifs.
A Continuously Tunable Ring-Cavity THz-Wave Parametric Oscillator. (2001)

We demonstrate a widely tunable terahertz (THz) -wave parametric oscillator (TPO) in a ring cavity configuration using a novel frequency-tuning method involving rotating a single mirror forming the cavity. The TPO consisted of a nonlinear optical MgO: LiNbO3 crystal in a three-mirror ring cavity. We obtained continuous tuning of THz-wave in the 0.93 to 2.7 THz range by adjusting the mirror. The maximum THz-wave output of 69.6 pJ/pulse at 1.3 THz was coupled out from a single Si prism coupler. The absorption of HCl gas was measured in order to check the tuning controllability. The high performance of the TPO was confirmed from the transmission dip of the measured spectrum in agreement with the known center absorption lines.
HDTV and the vestigial sideband syndrome (1990)

Advanced TV (ATV) standards can only be made directly compatible with the 162 million existing TV receivers in the US by delivering the signals to the receiver on a vestigial sideband, amplitude modulated radio frequency carrier. However, low frequency group delays (due to phase error in the vestigial sideband filters required for modulated and demodulation) often generate a delayed edge effect that can obscure the crispness and freedom from artifacts in ATV pictures. Because of difficulties in understanding, quantifying, and controlling low-frequency group delay, vestigial sideband technology may be too fragile to support any form of high-quality ATV. The only alternative appears to be a dual system in which programs are simulcast on different channels to conventional NTSC and new ATV standards. In Europe, terrestrial broadcasting to PAL and SECAM standards will apparently continue indefinitely, while incompatible ATV standards will be used for direct broadcasting from satellites.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assessing the Biocidal Activity and Investigating the Mechanism of Oligo-<i>p</i>-phenylene-ethynylenes (2017)

A number of oligo-p-phenylene-ethynylenes (OPEs) have exhibited excellent biocidal activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Although cell death may occur in the dark, these biocidal compounds are far more effective in the light as a result of their abilities to generate cell-damaging reactive oxygen species. In this study, the interactions of four OPEs with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus have been investigated. Compared to the OPEs with quaternary ammonium salts (Q-OPE), the OPEs with tertiary ammonium (T-OPE) effectively kill many more bacterial cells under light irradiation, presumably by severe perturbations of the bacterial cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. According to the findings from this study, such intriguing light-induced antibacterial behavior is probably attributed to the combination of bacterial membrane disruption and the interfacial or intracellular generation of singlet oxygen or other ROS. Singlet oxygen was proved to be formed from irradiation of the OPEs, whereas the varying cell membrane perturbation abilities of OPEs enhance antibacterial activity.
Effects of Dislocations on Mobilities in Semiconductors (1952)

The scattering of electrons or holes in semiconductors by the dilation of the lattice around rigid, randomly-arranged edge-type dislocations is treated by the method of the deformation potential. The contribution of this scattering to the electrical resistance is determined from the Boltzmann transport equation by the method of Mackenzie and Sondheimer, except for the use of Maxwell-Boltzmann, rather than Fermi-Dirac statistics. The temperature dependence of the reciprocal of the mobility $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is given by $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\mu}}={\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{l}{T}^{\frac{3}{2}}+{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{i}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{2}}+{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{d}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ where the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$'s are temperature-independent quantities referring to scattering from the lattice, impurity atoms, and dislocations, respectively. A discussion is given of the relative magnitudes of these three terms, and of the possibility of obtaining experimental information concerning dislocations in semiconductors by electrical measurements.
Buffer allocation via the genetic algorithm (2002)

The buffer allocation problem in complex stochastic production lines or queueing systems is intractable via conventional optimization techniques. Here a genetic algorithm based on simulation is adopted and it solves the problem efficiently. The algorithm is described in detail and illustrated by two examples. The advantages of the algorithm are also concluded.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Use of Low Ionic Strength Solution (LISS) in ElutionExperiments and in Combination with Papain-Treated Cells forthe Titration of Various Antibodies, Including Eluted Antibody (1978)

The investigation presents evidence for the value of suspending red cells in a low ionic strength medium for elution experiments since this has the effect of increasing the uptake of antibodies by the red cells. In addition it has been shown that for the titration of low affinity antibodies, and also of eluted antibodies, the combining capacity of which may be impaired through the elution process, it is an advantage to use a LISS-enzyme (papain) technique.
Depth and Appearance for Mobile Scene Analysis (2007)

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of simultaneous pedestrian detection and ground-plane estimation from video while walking through a busy pedestrian zone. Our proposed system integrates robust stereo depth cues, ground-plane estimation, and appearance-based object detection in a principled fashion using a graphical model. Object-object occlusions lead to complex interactions in this model that make an exact solution computationally intractable. We therefore propose a novel iterative approach that first infers scene geometry using Belief Propagation and then resolves interactions between objects using a global optimization procedure. This approach leads to a robust solution in few iterations, while allowing object detection to benefit from geometry estimation and vice versa. We quantitatively evaluate the performance of our proposed approach on several challenging test sequences showing strolls through busy shopping streets. Comparisons to various baseline systems show that it outperforms both a system using no scene geometry and one just relying on Structure-from-Motion without dense stereo.
Application of the Langmuir trough to the Study of Rubber Latex (1942)

Abstract When a drop of ammoniated latex is allowed to touch a cleaned water surface, it spreads rapidly and evenly at the air-water interface, none entering the bulk of the water. Microscopic examination of such a film shows that, given sufficient spreading area, the latex globules are clearly separate one from another, and form a layer one particle thick. On reducing the area occupied by the globules by compressing the film between waxed glass straight edges lying in the surface of the water, the particles are forced together until visible spaces or voids disappear. The film still appears to be one particle thick, and remains in the surface of the water. Further compression results in irregularities of the surface, which can be seen to consist of folds in the film and, on expansion, a proportion of the latex globules is found to have been forced from the surface into the bulk of the water. If a dilute solution of certain substances is used in place of water, the latex particles all remain on the surface, even under conditions of high compression. Dilute acids and solutions of divalent metal salts are found to be effective in keeping the particles in the surface but, on compression to the point where close packing of the particles occurs, the film sometimes forms a continuous coagulum and on release of the pressure, it does not expand. Solutions of a creaming agent, such as 0.1 per cent sodium alginate (Manucol V), are adequate, not only to prevent particles being forced out of the surface, but also to give films which expand readily on release of the pressure. The fact that the latex is instantly swept to one side by a trace of surface active material, such as oleic acid, confirms that the particles have not penetrated into the interior of the water.
Structure−Activity Studies Including a Ψ(CH<sub>2</sub>-NH) Scan of Peptide YY (PYY) Active Site, PYY(22−36), for Interaction with Rat Intestinal PYY Receptors:  Development of Analogues with Potent in Vivo Activity in the Intestine (2000)

Peptide YY (PYY) is a gut hormone that inhibits secretion and promotes absorption and growth in the intestinal epithelium. We have performed structure-activity studies with the active site, N-alpha-Ac-PYY(22-36)-NH(2), for interaction with intestinal PYY receptors. Investigation of aromatic substitutions at position 27 resulted in analogues that exhibited potent in vitro antisecretory potencies with N-alpha-Ac-[Trp(27)]PYY(22-36)-NH(2) exhibiting even greater potency than intact PYY. In vivo studies in dogs revealed that this analogue also promoted intestinal absorption of water and electrolytes during continuous intravenous and intraluminal infusion. Investigations carried out to identify features that would enhance stability revealed that incorporation of Trp(30) increased affinity for PYY receptors. A "CH(2)-NH" scan revealed that incorporation of reduced bonds at position 28-29 or 35-36 imparted greater receptor affinity. In general, disubstituted analogues designed based on the results of single substitutions exhibited good receptor affinity with N-alpha-Ac-[Trp(27),CH(2)-NH(35-36)]PYY(22-36)-NH(2) having the greatest affinity (IC(50) = 0.28 nM). Conservative multiple substitutions with Nle-->Leu and Nva-->Val also imparted good affinity. An analogue designed to encompass most of the favored substitutions, N-alpha-Ac-[Nle(24,28),Trp(30),Nva(31), CH(2)-NH(35-36)]PYY(22-36)-NH(2), exhibited a proabsorptive effect in dogs comparable to, but longer lasting than, that of intact hormone. Selected analogues also exhibited good antisecretory potencies in rats with N-alpha-Ac-[Trp(30)]PYY(22-36)-NH(2) being even more potent than PYY. However, the potencies did not correlate well with the PYY receptor affinity or the proabsorptive potencies in dogs. These differences could be due to species effects and/or the involvement of multiple receptors and neuronal elements in controlling the in vivo activity of PYY compounds. PYY(22-36) analogues exhibited good affinity for neuronal Y2 receptors but poor affinity for Y1 receptors. Also, crucial analogues in this series hardly bound to Y4 and Y5 receptors. In summary, we have developed PYY(22-36) analogues which, via interacting with intestinal PYY receptors, promoted potent and long-lasting proabsorptive and antisecretory effects in in vivo models. These compounds or analogues based on them may have useful clinical application in treating malabsorptive disorders observed under a variety of conditions.
Piezofluorochromism of an Aggregation‐Induced Emission Compound Derived from Tetraphenylethylene (2011)

Easy piezy: A new piezofluorochromic-aggregation-induced emission compound is described. The spectroscopic properties and morphological structures were reversibly exhibited upon pressing and annealing. The piezofluorochromic nature is believed to be generated through phase transformation. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.