gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of <scp>d</scp> -Xylose and 1% Methyl-α- <scp>d</scp> -Glucopyranoside Fermentation Tests for Distinguishing <i>Enterococcus gallinarum</i> from <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (2000)

To determine the validity of the rapid xylose and methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MDG) fermentation tests in distinguishing Enterococcus gallinarum from Enterococcus faecium, 156 well-characterized clinical isolates of enterococci (55 E. gallinarum, 91 E. faecium, and 10 Enterococcus faecalis isolates) known to be of different clones were examined in a blinded fashion. Species identification was confirmed by PCR of the ddl ligase genes of E. faecium and E. faecalis and the vanC1 gene of E. gallinarum. Xylose tests were performed with D-xylose tablets by using a heavy bacterial suspension and were interpreted after 2 h of incubation. Standard MDG fermentation tests were read after 24 h of incubation. The xylose fermentation test had a sensitivity of 98% (54 of 55) and a specificity of 99% (100 of 101) in distinguishing E. gallinarum from E. faecium and E. faecalis. The standard MDG test had a sensitivity of 100% (55 of 55) and a specificity of 95% (96 of 101) after 24 h. The xylose fermentation test is a simple method, easily incorporated into laboratory protocols, that distinguishes E. gallinarum from E. faecium with high sensitivity and specificity in 2 h. The standard MDG test has high sensitivity and can be useful in ruling out the presence of E. gallinarum but requires overnight incubation.
Enzymology and molecular biology of prokaryotic sulfite oxidation (2001)

Despite its toxicity, sulfite plays a key role in oxidative sulfur metabolism and there are even some microorganisms which can use it as sole electron source. Sulfite is the main intermediate in the oxidation of sulfur compounds to sulfate, the major product of most dissimilatory sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes. Two pathways of sulfite oxidation are known: (1) direct oxidation to sulfate catalyzed by a sulfite:acceptor oxidoreductase, which is thought to be a molybdenum-containing enzyme; (2) indirect oxidation under the involvement of the enzymes adenylylsulfate (APS) reductase and ATP sulfurylase and/or adenylylsulfate:phosphate adenylyltransferase with APS as an intermediate. The latter pathway allows substrate phosphorylation and occurs in the bacterial cytoplasm. Direct oxidation appears to have a wider distribution; however, a redundancy of pathways has been described for diverse photo- or chemotrophic, sulfite-oxidizing prokaryotes. In many pro- and also eukaryotes sulfite is formed as a degradative product from molecules containing sulfur as a heteroatom. In these organisms detoxification of sulfite is generally achieved by direct oxidation to sulfate.
Descriptive Profiles of Selected High Intensity Sweeteners (HIS), HIS Blends, and Sucrose (1996)

ABSTRACT High intensity sweeteners (HIS) were evaluated by descriptive analysis singly (acesulfame K, aspartame, sucralose, saccharin, cyclamate) and in selected blends to determine similarity to sucrose at 4%. Results showed that blends of sweeteners were more similar to sucrose than any individual sweetener, and ACK/APM and ACK/APM/SAC/CYC were not different from sucrose for attributes that describe differences among HIS. Most variation among sweeteners and blends was attributed to tastes other than sweetness (off‐flavor, bitter, sweet aftertaste, bitter aftertaste). Combining two or more single sweeteners made a blend more similar to sucrose by decreasing side tastes and/or aftertastes associated with individual sweeteners.
Evaluation of Advanced Gear Materials for Gear Boxes and Transmissions. (1970)

Helicopter transmission gear materials are selected mainly for their strength. Sliding behavior is normally improved by hardening the surfaces of the gears. However, pitting and spalling may occur to limit the performance of the transmission, under conditions which are not severe enough to cause tooth breakage. In the search for more reliable gear materials, the VASCO-X2 high hot hardness tool steel had previously demonstrated the capability of carrying 2.40 times the design load for 10 million cycles without evidence of pitting or spalling. Further, there was evidence that the VASCO-X2 test gears developed a protective surface layer on the working tooth under operating loads. The current test program consisted of rotating load tests on gear specimens with a tooth geometry designed to achieve pitting and spalling. VASCO-X2 (.24 carbon) high hot hardness tool steel gears, when tested against basline gears of AISI 9310 (AMS 6260) aircraft gear steel, demonstrated a 30-percent greater load carrying capability. A protective surface layer appeared to form on the VASCO-X2 gears lowering critical temperatures during operation.
High-power wavelength-swept laser in Littman telescope-less polygon filter and dual-amplifier configuration for multichannel optical coherence tomography (2009)

We report a high-power wavelength-swept laser source for multichannel optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Wavelength tuning is performed by a compact telescope-less polygon-based filter in Littman arrangement. High output power is achieved by incorporating two serial semiconductor optical amplifiers in the laser cavity in Fourier domain mode-locked configuration. The measured wavelength tuning range of the laser is 111 nm centered at 1329 nm, coherence length of 5.5 mm, and total average output power of 131 mW at 43 kHz sweeping rate. Multichannel simultaneous OCT imaging at an equivalent A-scan rate of 258 kHz is demonstrated.
Retardation of cell aging by lipid peroxidation. II. (1994)

Fe2+/vitamin C system was used to stimulate lipid peroxidation in human diploid fibroblasts derived from embryonic lung tissue to study the relationship between lipid peroxidation and cell senescence. The results showed that certain low levels of lipid peroxidation could evidently improve cellular morphology and prolong 2-8 days of cell survival time. All cellular SOD activities of control and treatment groups decreased with cell subculture. However, SOD activities of treatment groups were not higher than that of the control, which indicated that under certain circumstances SOD would not play an important role in retardation of cell aging.
Run-time adaptive cache management (2002)

As memory latencies increase, the importance of cache performance improvements at each level of the memory hierarchy will continue to grow. Also, as the available chip area grows, it makes sense to spend more resources to allow intelligent control over the cache management, in order to adapt the caching decisions to the dynamic accessing behavior. In the past, cache management techniques such as cache bypassing were implemented manually at the instruction programming level. Additionally, spatial locality was often exploited via large block sizes and other fixed amounts of hardware prefetching. The goal is to develop a framework for adaptive and automatic control of cache management techniques. The objective of the research is to improve cache effectiveness in order to deal with long memory latencies, utilizing run-time adaptive cache management techniques, optimizing both performance and cost of implementation. Specifically, the authors are aiming to increase data cache effectiveness for integer programs. They propose a microarchitecture scheme where the hardware determines data placement based on dynamic referencing behavior. This scheme is fully compatible with existing instruction set architectures. Initial studies show that run-time adaptive cache management can significantly improve the overall performance of integer applications. The improvements are due to increased cache hit rates and reduced cache miss handling latencies. However, there is still a large amount of potential improvement available in the cache hit ratios.
3D Point Cloud Geometry Compression on Deep Learning (2019)

3D point cloud presentation has been widely used in computer vision, automatic driving, augmented reality, smart cities and virtual reality. 3D point cloud compression method with higher compression ratio and tiny loss is the key to improve data transportation efficiency. In this paper, we propose a new 3D point cloud geometry compression method based on deep learning, also an auto-encoder performing better than other networks in detail reconstruction. It can reach much higher compression ratio than the state-of-art while keeping tolerable loss. It also supports parallel compressing multiple models by GPU, which can improve processing efficiency greatly. The compression process is composed of two parts. Firstly, Raw data is compressed into codeword by extracting feature of raw model with encoder. Then, the codeword is further compressed with sparse coding. Decompression process is implemented in reverse order. Codeword is recovered and fed into decoder to reconstruct point cloud. Detail reconstruction ability is improved by a hierarchical structure in our decoder. Latter outputs are grown from former fuzzier outputs. In this way, details are added to former output by latter layers step by step to make a more precise prediction. We compare our method with PCL compression and Draco compression on ShapeNet40 part dataset. Our method may be the first deep learning-based point cloud compression algorithm. The experiments demonstrate it is superior to former common compression algorithms with large compression ratio, which can also reserve original shapes with tiny loss.
High-fructose feeding elicits insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, and hypertension in normal mongrel dogs. (1994)

To determine whether chronic high-fructose feeding causes insulin resistance and hypertension in normal dogs, we fed 10 male dogs a normosodic diet containing 60% of the calories as fructose for 20 to 28 days; a control group of 8 dogs was fed a similar diet containing dextrose instead of fructose. In the fructose-fed group, (1) fasting triglyceridemia increased from 35.3 +/- 0.63 to 91.9 +/- 11.55 mg/dL after 25 days (P < .001); (2) fasting insulinemia increased from 19.0 +/- 1.9 to 58.9 +/- 7.22 microU/mL after 25 days (P < .001); (3) insulin resistance, which was estimated by steady-state glycemia during an insulin suppression test, increased from 105.8 +/- 21.5 to 187.8 +/- 32.6 mg/dL after 15 days (P < .001), whereas steady-state insulinemia did not change; (4) mean arterial pressure increased from 100.4 +/- 1.6 to 122.6 +/- 2.3 mm Hg after 28 days (P < .01); and (5) cumulative sodium balance was increased on days 7 through 11 (111.60 +/- 4.44 mEq on day 8, P < .01), returning to normal for the rest of the experiment. All these parameters were similar between the fructose-fed and dextrose-fed groups before the diets were started and remained constant in the dextrose-fed group. Neither group showed any change in body weight, fasting plasma glucose, atrial natriuretic factor, or endothelin-1 levels. We conclude that chronic high-fructose feeding elicits hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and a transient sodium retention in dogs without fostering fasting hyperglycemia or weight gain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sullfoxonium salts as reagents for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSullfoxonium salts as reagents for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compoundsJ. Donald AlbrightCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 13, 1977–1979Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00927a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00927a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views683Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Globalisasi dan Dampaknya terhadap Lingkungan dan Keamanan Manusia di Asia Pasifik: Kasus China dan Papua Nugini (2016)

This article attempts to show that globalization—to wide extent—is closely connected to environmental degradation and human security. Two cases from Asia Pacific countries such as China and Papua New Guinea are selected and elaborated to reveal the connection. Besides, this article shows that half-hearted comitment of the government of both countries to combat environmental degradation continues to threaten human security. Keywords: globalization, environmental degradation, human security, China, Papua New Guinea
<i>soxRS</i>Gene Increased the Level of Organic Solvent Tolerance in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1995)

Escherichia coli strain JA300 grows in the presence of n-hexane, but not in the presence of cyclohexane. We isolated a 10.5-kb DNA fragment that provided cyclohexane tolerance on a multi-copy plasmid, from the chromosomal DNA of JA300. In this fragment, there were found C-terminal 10-amino acids truncated soxR (soxR') and soxS which control the superoxide response regulon genes. Characterization of subclones found that both the soxR' and overexpression of the soxS increased the levels of organic solvent tolerance in several E. coli strains.
Highlights of Anesthetic Considerations for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (2010)

Though relatively new, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has become standard of care for many neurosurgical procedures. The use of IONM has substantially decreased the rate of paralysis after deformity surgery, and has been validated in cervical spine surgery, and thoracic and lumbar laminectomy (1) (2), (3). The main modalities are: somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and electromyography (EMGs). Each test examines a functionally separate area of the spinal cord, which test is chosen depends on the location of the surgery and the patient's preexisting injuries and deficits (6). Inhaled anesthetics decrease the waveform amplitude and increase latency, intravenous anesthetics have the same effect but to a lesser degree. Best anesthetic regimen for surgery involving intraoperative monitoring is controversial. Both inhaled and intravenous agents depress signal attainment, however for equal MAC concentrations inhaled agents cause more depression(11). While studies have shown that halogenated agents and nitrous oxide do in fact depress MEP signals more than total intravenous anesthesia, less is known on the relationship between IONM and patient characteristics. Lo's study documenting MEP attainment with 0.5 MAC was done in an otherwise healthy scoliosis population (12), and no study to date has analyzed signal attainment in correlation with patient characteristics and anesthetic technique. While it is clear that anesthetic technique is extremely important, certain patient characteristics appear to be more common in difficult to monitor patients. The identification of these characteristics would suggest to the anesthesiologist the need for a more stringent technique (TIVA) and avert surgical delay or cancellation due to inability to obtain baseline or worse- loss of intraoperative waveform and need for a Stagnara wake-up test. Our group at Mt. Sinai has retrospectively studied patient characteristics, anesthetic technique and attainment of neuromonitoring signals. Hypertension and diabetes are independent predictors of monitoring failure, and these are preferentially sensitive to inhalational agents. Age and weight are also predictors, but less significant. In summary, neurophysiologic monitoring has evolved to be a consistent part of many procedures. The anesthesiologist should strive to understand the rationale behind monitoring and the basis of its utility. IONM has many implications for anesthetic technique and need for control of the physiologic milieu. With this knowledge the anesthesiologist can work together with the neuromonitoring team and surgeon to ensure patient safety during and after surgery.
Alignment of Rod-Shaped Gold Particles by Electric Fields (1999)

The electro-optical response of colloidal dispersions of rod-shaped gold particles is studied for various aspect ratios (2.6 < L/d < 49; d = 15 nm) by monitoring the absorbance spectra in the visible wavelength regime. The absorbance spectra strongly depend on the degree of orientational order of the rods and the direction of the polarization of the incident light with respect to the applied electric field. From the change in absorbance of the transverse resonance the electro-optical effect is deduced: at low electric field strengths a linear dependence on the squared electric field strength is observed, and at sufficiently high electric field strengths saturation occurs. This is in agreement with electro-optical theory. With increasing length, the anisotropy in electric polarizability increases from 6·10-30 F·m2 to 12·10-30 F·m2. It is found that the anisotropy in electric polarizability depends on the square root of the particle length.
An Extensive Review of Medical Image Denoising Techniques (2017)

Image denoising is an important pre-processing step in medical image analysis. The basic intent of image denoising is to reconstruct the original image from its noisy observation as accurately as possible, while preserving important detail features such as edges and textures in the denoised image. In medical imaging, for the precise analysis of diseases denoising of medical images like X-RAY, CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) is essential since a small lose of a particular area in case of medical images may results in immense disaster similar to death. To mitigate such threat over the last few decades, image denoising has been extensively studied in the image and signal processing community and suggested various denoising techniques. Each approach has its assumptions, advantages, and limitations. In this paper a detailed survey has been carried out on various image denoising approaches and their performances on on medical images.
Inflation and the accelerating universe (2009)

Abstract Einstein introduced the cosmological constant in his field equation so as to obtain a static universe solution. This constant energy density corresponds to a negative pressure, giving rise to a repulsive force that increases with distance. The inflationary theory of cosmic origin can provide the correct initial conditions for the standard model of cosmology: solving the flatness, horizon problems, and providing an origin of matter/energy, as well as giving just the right kind of density perturbation for subsequent structure formation. The primordial inflation leaves behind a flat universe, which can be compatible with the observed matter density being less than the critical density and a cosmic age greater than 9 Gyr if there remains a dark energy. This would imply a universe now undergoing an accelerating expansion, which is observationally supported by the measurement of supernovae at high redshift. The cosmological constant and the cosmic coincidence problems point to the need of new fundamental physics.
Simultaneous Measurements at U-tube Density Sensors in Fundamental and Harmonic Oscillation (2007)

An oscillating U-tube varies its resonant frequency depending on its mass and its spring constant. The oscillating mass is the sum of the mass of the U-tube and the mass of the liquid sample. As the volume of the U-tube is fixed, the density of the liquid sample relates to the measured resonant frequency. A feedback loop built by an analog electronic amplifier compensates the mechanical losses and controls the amplitude. This leads to a stable oscillation at the resonant frequency. New, adaptive algorithms implemented on a digital signal processor (DSP) improve this analog excitation system. They allow to operate the U-tube density sensor in its fundamental and first harmonic mode simultaneously. Moreover, they lead to a faster and more accurate determination of the resonant frequencies in both modes, of the quality factor and consequently of the density of the sample.
MR ventilation‐perfusion imaging of human lung using oxygen‐enhanced and arterial spin labeling techniques (2001)

Magnetic resonance ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) imaging has been demonstrated using oxygen and arterial spin labeling techniques. Inhaled oxygen is used as a paramagnetic contrast agent in ventilation imaging using a multiple inversion recovery (MIR) approach. Pulmonary perfusion imaging is conducted using a flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery with an extra radiofrequency pulse (FAIRER) technique. A half Fourier single-short turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequence is used for data acquisition in both techniques. V/Q imaging was performed in ten of the twenty volunteers, while either ventilation or perfusion was imaged in the other ten. This V/Q imaging scheme is completely noninvasive, does not involve ionized radiation, and shows promising potential for clinical use in the diagnosis of lung diseases such as pulmonary embolism.
In vitro action of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) on phrenic diaphragm preparations. (1979)

The action of uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) on the contractile response of the phrenic diaphragm preparation from guinea pig was investigated. UDPG activity was assayed on the preparation at rest or during the exercise; in this case indirect electrical stimulation of phrenic diaphragm preparation or direct stimulation of denervated or curarized muscle were employed. Krebs' solutions adequately modified with regard to glucose concentration were used. The effect of UDPG on the neuromuscular junction was also investigated by recording miniature end plate potentials. An effect of the drug on neuromuscular transmission and on glucose metabolism could be demonstrated.
Near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of cornea and sclera. (1994)

Near-infrared excited Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy was applied in situ on intact rabbit cornea and sclera. High quality Raman spectra were obtained noninvasively from these tissues. The characteristic bands assigned to proline and hydroxyproline appeared in the region of 800-1000 cm-1. Raman spectra of purified type I collagen and other components of the cornea and sclera were also determined. The main elements of the spectra of the cornea and sclera originated from the collagen proteins, and other components such as proteoglycan contributed little. Near-infrared excited Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy can be used for biophysical study of the cornea and sclera in situ or in vivo.