gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recording Refractometer (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecording RefractometerH. E. Jones, L. E. Ashman, and E. E. StahlyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 12, 1470–1474Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60036a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60036a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cross Metathesis and Ring-Closing Metathesis Reactions of Modified Amino Acids and Peptides. (2005)

This thesis investigates the application of cross metathesis and ring-closing metathesis to amino acid and peptide-based substrates that are suitably modified to contain an olefin tether. Chapter One introduces olefin metathesis, describes the mechanism of cross metathesis (CM) and ring-closing metathesis (RCM), and outlines the catalysts that can be used for these transformations. The application of CM and RCM to amino acid and peptide-based systems is reviewed. Chapter Two describes the CM coupling between modified lysine- (2.34 - 2.37, 2.43), serine- (2.45, 2.46), and cysteine-based (2.48, 2.49a, 2.51) amino acids and dipeptides (2.54, 2.57) to a terminal alkene (2.61, 2.65), carbohydrate (1.51b), or fatty acid (2.76) target compound using catalyst 1.17. The amino acid and dipeptide-based CM substrates were prepared by side-chain acylation of the parent amino acid with carboxylic acids containing variable but controllable olefin tether lengths. A CM model study in which these amino acid-based substrates were coupled to terminal alkene 2.61 and 2.65 gave CM products 2.66 - 2.74. CM was then carried out between amino acid-based substrates and a carbohydrate (1.51b) or fatty acid derivative (2.76), that afforded a novel series of glycoamino acids (2.80 - 2.85) and lipoamino acids (2.94 - 2.101). Chapter Three describes the synthesis of amino acid dimers by CM. Two serine-based (3.22 - 3.23) and two cysteine-based (3.24 - 3.25) symmetrical dimers along with two unsymmetrical serine-cysteine dimers (3.26 - 3.27) were prepared from the same side-chain acylated amino acid substrates described in chapter 2. These compounds are examples of novel cross-linked amino acid-based dimers, and further illustrate the versatility of the CM methodology developed in this thesis. Chapter Four describes the synthesis of cyclic amino acids and dipeptides via RCM of acyclic precursors that are suitably modified with acyl olefin tethers of variable length. Cyclic compounds based on lysine (4.6, 4.13), serine (4.31, 4.33), and cysteine (4.40, 4.42) single amino acid residues, and compounds based on lysine (4.16, 4.21, 4.27), serine (4.37), and cysteine (4.45, 4.46) dipeptides were prepared. All these compounds were constructed using the same, versatile general method, which involves acylation of the natural amino acid substrate with a carboxylic acid of controllable olefin tether length followed by RCM with catalyst 1.17 to give cyclic products containing variable ring sizes.
Tie1 controls angiopoietin function in vascular remodeling and inflammation (2016)

The angiopoietin/Tie (ANG/Tie) receptor system controls developmental and tumor angiogenesis, inflammatory vascular remodeling, and vessel leakage. ANG1 is a Tie2 agonist that promotes vascular stabilization in inflammation and sepsis, whereas ANG2 is a context-dependent Tie2 agonist or antagonist. A limited understanding of ANG signaling mechanisms and the orphan receptor Tie1 has hindered development of ANG/Tie-targeted therapeutics. Here, we determined that both ANG1 and ANG2 binding to Tie2 increases Tie1-Tie2 interactions in a β1 integrin-dependent manner and that Tie1 regulates ANG-induced Tie2 trafficking in endothelial cells. Endothelial Tie1 was essential for the agonist activity of ANG1 and autocrine ANG2. Deletion of endothelial Tie1 in mice reduced Tie2 phosphorylation and downstream Akt activation, increased FOXO1 nuclear localization and transcriptional activation, and prevented ANG1- and ANG2-induced capillary-to-venous remodeling. However, in acute endotoxemia, the Tie1 ectodomain that is responsible for interaction with Tie2 was rapidly cleaved, ANG1 agonist activity was decreased, and autocrine ANG2 agonist activity was lost, which led to suppression of Tie2 signaling. Tie1 cleavage also occurred in patients with hantavirus infection. These results support a model in which Tie1 directly interacts with Tie2 to promote ANG-induced vascular responses under noninflammatory conditions, whereas in inflammation, Tie1 cleavage contributes to loss of ANG2 agonist activity and vascular stability.
Combined Integer and Variable Precision (CIVP) Floating Point Multiplication Architecture for FPGAs (2007)

In this paper, we propose an architecture/methodology for making FPGAs suitable for integer as well as variable precision floating point multiplication. The proposed work will of great importance in applications which requires variable precision floating point multiplication such as multi-media processing applications. In the proposed architecture/methodology, we propose the replacement of existing 18x18 bit and 25x18 bit dedicated multipliers in FPGAs with dedicated 24x24 bit and 24x9 bit multipliers, respectively. We have proved that our approach of providing the dedicated 24x24 bit and 24x9 bit multipliers in FPGAs will make them efficient for performing integer as well as single precision, double precision, and Quadruple precision floating point multiplications.
Antisense Targeting Protein Kinase C α and β1 Inhibits Gastric Carcinogenesis (2004)

Protein kinase C (PKC) family, which functions through serine/threonine kinase activity, is involved in signal transduction pathways necessary for cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Its critical role in neoplastic transformation and tumor invasion renders PKC a potential target for anticancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the effect of targeting individual PKCs on gastric carcinogenesis. We established gastric cancer cell lines stably expressing antisense PKCalpha, PKCbeta1, and PKCbeta2 cDNA. These stable transfectants were characterized by cell morphology, cell growth, apoptosis, and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. PKCalpha-AS and PKCbeta1-AS transfectants showed a different morphology with flattened, long processes and decreased nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio compared with the control cells. Cell growth was markedly inhibited in PKCalpha-AS and PKCbeta1-AS transfectants. PKCalpha-AS and PKCbeta1-AS cells were more responsive to mitomycin C- or 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis. However, antisense targeting of PKCbeta2 did not have any significant effect on cell morphology, cell growth, or apoptosis. Furthermore, antisense inhibition of PKCalpha and PKCbeta1 markedly suppressed colony-forming efficiency in soft agar and in nude mice xenografts. Inhibition of PKCalpha or PKCbeta1 significantly suppressed transcriptional and DNA binding activity of activator protein in gastric cancer cells, suggesting that PKCalpha or PKCbeta1 exerts their effects on cell growth through regulation of activator protein activity. These data provide evidence that targeting PKCalpha and PKCbeta1 by antisense method is a promising therapy for gastric cancer.
A new microstrip detector with double-sided readout (1990)

A silicon microstrip detector has been developed with 50- mu m-pitch strips on both the p- and n-side, using the principle of capacitive coupling between p/sup +/ diode strips (respectively, n/sup +/ strips) and the metallization strips which connect to the front-end preamplifiers. The detector is biased on both sides via polysilicon resistors connecting each p/sup +/ or n/sup +/ line to a common bias bus. To allow ohmic separation at the n-side, the accumulation layer of electrons has to be disrupted between the n/sup +/ strips. This has been achieved in three different ways: by separate polysilicon lines on thick oxide between two adjacent n/sup +/ lines to break the conducting accumulation layer by externally induced field depletion or by using the metal lines of the n/sup +/ strips on thick oxide or on thin oxide. Results on 20*20-mm/sup 2/ test devices are presented. A preliminary analysis of the spatial resolution gives sigma =16 mu m on both sides. These results demonstrate that double-sided readout Si strip detectors can be used for experiments where spatial resolution in the 10 mu m range is needed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Efficient and Reusable PdCl<sub>2</sub>/TBAF System for the Heck Reaction Under Ligand- and Solvent-Free Conditions (2010)

PdCl 2 combined with TBAF (n-Bu 4 NF) were found to be efficient conditions for the Heck reactions. In the presence of PdCl 2 and TBAF, a variety of aryl halides were coupled with alkenes smoothly in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the PdCl 2 /TBAF system could be recovered and reused several times in the reaction. Note that these reactions are conducted under solvent-free, ligand-free and reusable conditions.
A Fully Digital Time-Domain Smart Temperature Sensor Realized With 140 FPGA Logic Elements (2007)

To explore the possibility of soft intellectual property implementation, a fully digital smart temperature sensor without any full-custom device is proposed for painless VLSI or system-on-chip integrations. The signal is processed thoroughly in time domain instead of conventional voltage or current domain. A cyclic delay line is used to generate the pulse with a temperature-proportional width. The timing reference is just the input clock and a counter instead of voltage or current analog-to-digital converter is utilized for digital output coding. The circuit was implemented by field-programmable gate array chips for functionality verification and performance evaluation. Realized with as few as 140 logic elements, the proposed smart sensor was measured to have an error of -1.5 ~ 0.8 degC over the full commercial IC temperature operation range of 0 degC-75 degC for thermal self-sensing or monitoring. The effective resolution can be made better than 0.1 degC easily, and the power consumption is 8.42 muW at a sampling rate of 2 samples/s. The longest conversion time is around 260 s, and a conversion rate of 3 kHz at least is promised.
Glycans from Streptococcal Cell Walls (1973)

A complete molecular structure for an antigenic glycan isolated from the cell wall of Streptococcus faecalis is being proposed on the basis of analytical data obtained from methylation, acetolysis, and periodate oxidation experiments and on the basis of the nature of the oligosaccharide fragments isolated from partial acid hydrolysates of the glycan. The antigen is a diheteroglycan composed of a main chain of trisaccharide units, glucose-β(1,6)-glucose-β(1,4)-galactose, joined by β(1,4) linkages with lactosyl and cellobiosyl side chains attached by β(1,4) linkages at alternate glucose residues of the main chain. The proposed structure for the glycan is consistent with the immunochemical properties of the polymer. Quantitative precipitin inhibition studies clearly indicate that lactosyl residues are the immunodominant determinants of the glycan.
Nozzle and needle during high viscosity adhesive jetting based on piezoelectric jet dispensing (2015)

A piezoelectric impinging jet valve is used as a study object to investigate the effect of the ball needle in the existing impinging jet and nozzle structure of the valve on the performance of the jet. First, FLUENT software is used under different ball needle and nozzle structural parameters to simulate the pressure distribution that the ball needle and nozzle in the pressure cavity form when the ball needle hits the nozzle, by arranging the structure model of the ball needle and impact valve nozzle. The piezoelectric impact injection valve and the experiment test system are then designed. Test results show that the ball needle and nozzle structural parameters are closely related to the injection performance of the impact valve. Under certain conditions, a greater needle radius corresponds to a smaller nozzle aperture and taper. Moreover, high-viscosity liquid jetting is easily achieved. By using a ball needle with a radius of 1.5 mm, a taper angle of 60°, and a nozzle diameter of 0.1 mm, we can realize the industrial viscosity of 58 000 cps in glue spray, and the injection plastic fluid volume is 0.62 μl.
Alteration of the amino acid substrate specificity of clostridial glutamate dehydrogenase by site-directed mutagenesis of an active-site lysine residue (1995)

Two residues, K89 and S380, thought to interact with the gamma-carboxyl group of the substrate L-glutamate, have been altered by site-directed mutagenesis of clostridial glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). The single mutants K89L and S380V and the combined double mutant K89L/S380V were constructed. All three mutants were satisfactorily overproduced in soluble form. However, only the K89L mutant was retained by the dye column normally used in purifying the wild-type enzyme. All three mutant enzymes were purified to homogeneity and tested for substrate specificity with 24 amino acids. The single mutant S380V showed no detectable activity. The alternative single mutant K89L showed an activity towards L-glutamate that was decreased nearly 2000-fold compared with wild-type enzyme, whereas the activities towards the monocarboxylic substrates alpha-aminobutyrate and norvaline were increased 2- to 3-fold. A similar level of activity was obtained with methionine (0.005 U/mg) and norleucine (0.012 U/mg), neither of which give any activity with the wild-type enzyme under the same conditions. The double mutant showed decreased activity with all substrates compared with the wild-type GDH. In view of its novel activities, the K89L mutant was investigated in greater detail. A strictly linear relationship between reaction velocity and substrate concentration was observed up to 80 mM L-methionine and 200 mM L-norleucine, implying very high Km values. Values of kcat/Km for L-methionine and L-norleucine were 6.7 x 10(-2) and 0.15 s-1 M-1, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Ontological Analysis of Business Process Modeling and Execution (2019)

This work presents a fully elaborated ontology, defined via the Ontology Web Language (OWL), of the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) standard to define business process models, and we demonstrate that any BPMN model can be serialized as OWL file. Based on ontological analysis and a corresponding definition of a modeling notation as ontology we show that business process models can be transformed from one notation into another one as long as there are common underlying concepts; this is demonstrated with the case of an actor based, or subject-oriented, view on business processes. Furthermore, a reference architecture for Workflow Management Systems (WfMS) based on microservices is discussed which is capable of executing actor based business process models. As a transformation of BPMN models into the actor based view is generally possible, also BPMN models could be enacted. As a result, we can conclude that the actor system is a promising way to stimulate new ways to design workflow management systems and to design business process modeling languages which are more comfortable to use by non-experts without losing necessary expressiveness. Another result is that an ontology is a productive way to define a modeling notation as it can be used as knowledge base, it is a formal conceptualization of the underlying notions, and can be semantically enriched for further use.
Clustering-Based Multichannel MAC Protocols for QoS Provisionings Over Vehicular <i>Ad Hoc</i> Networks (2007)

Making the best use of the dedicated short range communications multichannel architecture, we propose a cluster-based multichannel communications scheme that can support not only public-safety message delivery but also a wide range of future multimedia (e.g., video/audio) and data (e.g., e-maps, road/vehicle traffic/weather information) applications. Our proposed scheme integrates clustering with contention-free and/or -based medium access control (MAC) protocols. In our scheme, the elected cluster-head vehicle functions as the coordinator to collect/deliver real-time safety messages within its own cluster and forward the consolidated safety messages to the neighboring cluster heads. In addition, the cluster-head vehicle controls channel assignments for cluster-member vehicles transmitting/receiving nonreal-time traffics, which makes the wireless channels more efficiently utilized for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) nonreal-time data transmissions. Our scheme uses the contention-free MAC within a cluster and the contention-based IEEE 802.11 MAC among cluster-head vehicles such that the real-time delivery of safety messages can be guaranteed. Under our proposed scheme, we develop an analytical model to study the delay for the consolidated safety messages transmitted by the cluster-head vehicles. Based on this analytical model, we derive the desirable contention-window size, which can best balance the tradeoff between the delay of safety messages and the successful rate of delivering safety messages. The extensive simulation results show that, under various highway traffic scenarios, our proposed scheme can efficiently support the nonreal-time traffics while guaranteeing the real-time delivery of the safety messages.
Pharmacokinetics of reboxetine enantiomers in the dog (1997)

Reboxetine, (RS)-2-[(RS)-alpha-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)benzyl]morpholine methanesulphonate, is a racemic compound and consists of a mixture of the (R,R)- and (S,S)-enantiomers. The pharmacokinetics of reboxetine enantiomers were determined in a crossover study in three male beagle dogs. Each animal received the following oral treatments, separated by 1-week washout period: 10 mg/kg reboxetine, 5 mg/kg (R,R)- and 5 mg/kg (S,S)-. Plasma and urinary levels of the reboxetine enantiomers were monitored up to 48 h post-dosing using an enantiospecific HPLC method with fluorimetric detection (LOQ: 1.1 ng/ml in plasma and 5 ng/ml in urine for each enantiomer). After reboxetine administration mean tmax was about 1 h for both enantiomers. Cmax and AUC were about 1.5 times higher for the (R,R)- than for the (S,S)-enantiomer, mean values +/- SD being 704 +/- 330 and 427 +/- 175 ng/ml for Cmax and 2,876 +/- 1,354 and 1,998 +/- 848 ng.h/ml for AUC, respectively. No differences between the (R,R)- and (S,S)-enantiomers were observed in t1/2 (3.9 h). Total recovery of the two enantiomers in urine was similar, the Ae (0-48 h) being 1.3 +/- 0.7 and 1.1 +/- 0.7% of the enantiomer dose for the (R,R)- and the (S,S)-enantiomers, respectively. No marked differences in the main plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were found for either enantiomer on administration of the single enantiomers or reboxetine. No chiral inversion was observed after administration of the separate enantiomers, as already observed in humans.
Sterically Hindered Aromatic Tethered Carboxylic Acids: What is the Critical Length of the Tether for Adoption of Centrosymmetric Dimer Synthon? (2008)

The synthesis and X-ray structural investigations of sterically hindered aromatic tethered carboxylic acids have been carried out to examine the extent to which the tether modifies the molecular structures and the occurrence of strong O−H···O hydrogen bond-mediated synthons of the carboxyl groups. The diacids based on mesitylene- and isodurene carboxylic acids (MA2 and DA2) containing a C2-tether were found to exhibit pseudopolymorphism/solvatomorphism. Whereas a C3-tethered dimesitoic acid MA3 crystallized only in the presence of 2,4,6-collidine as a guest, the isodurene analogue DA3 resisted crystallization. The adoption of the centrosymmetric dimer motif was observed for the butylene-tethered dimesitoic acid MA4. The situation appears to be a little relaxed for unhindered diacids such that a C3-tether is sufficient for adoption of the centrosymmetric dimer synthon in the crystal lattice, as revealed by the crystal structure of 1,3-bis(m-carboxyphenyl)propane, BA3. The topological changes, that is, skewed (for odd) and extended (for even), imparted by the tether appear to render the close packing with simultaneous exploitation of the strong O−H···O hydrogen bonds difficult even for diacids with a C2-tether. Thus, for short chain lengths, the tether typically behaves like a functional group, which perturbs the molecular association based on O−H···O hydrogen bonds of the otherwise strongly interacting carboxyl groups.
Picowatt, 0.45–0.6 V Self-Biased Subthreshold CMOS Voltage Reference (2017)

In this paper, a self-biased temperature compensated CMOS voltage reference operating at picowatt-level power consumption is presented. The core of the proposed circuit is the self-cascode MOSFET (SCM) and two variants are explored: a self-biased SCM (SBSCM) and a self-biased NMOS (SBNMOS) voltage reference. Power consumption and silicon area are remarkably reduced by combining subthreshold operation with a self-biased scheme. Trimming techniques for both circuits are discussed aiming at the reduction of the process variations impact. The proposed circuits were fabricated in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process. Measurement results from 24 samples of the same batch show that both circuits herein proposed can operate at 0.45/0.6 V minimum supply voltage, consuming merely 55/184 pW at room temperature. Temperature coefficient (TC) around 104/495 ppm/°C across a temperature range from 0 to 120 °C was measured. Employment of a trimming scheme allows a reduction of the average TC to 72.4/11.6 ppm/°C for the same temperature range. Both variants of the proposed circuit achieve a line sensitivity of 0.15/0.11 %/V and a power supply rejection better than -44/-45 dB from 10 to 10 kHz. In addition, SBSCM and SBNMOS prototypes occupy a silicon area of 0.002 and 0.0017 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively.
Importance of Free Fatty Acids in Parmesan Cheese (2002)

The contribution of free fatty acids (FFAs) to Parmesan cheese aroma was evaluated using aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and odor activity value (OAV) methodologies. FFAs with high flavor dilution (FD) values were isolated with an amino solid phase extraction column and quantified using gas chromatography. Both AEDA and OAV analyses suggest that acetic, butanoic, hexanoic, octanoic and decanoic acids are extremely important to the flavor of Parmesan cheese due to the very high FD and OAV values obtained. Butanoic acid is the most important as measured by OAV, both nasally and retronasally. These FFAs are the major contributors to the lipolyzed flavor of this type of cheese. Branched chain FFAs, such as 2-methylpropanoic and 3-methylbutanoic acids, were identified by AEDA but were not found to be important aroma compounds by this approach. FFAs levels in various brands of Parmesan cheeses are also reported in this paper.