gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of run-to-run control algorithms in the semiconductor manufacturing industry (2002)

A number of algorithms have been developed that are applicable to the run-to-run control of semiconductor manufacturing processes. The algorithm implementations include the linear approximation multivariate 'Gradual Mode' (GM) controller, a time-based extended GM (GMt), the Optimizing Adaptive Quality Controller (OAQC), and the Knowledge-based Interactive Run-to-run Controller (KIRC). Research and experimentation in process control in the industry to-date has revealed that no single algorithm is sufficiently robust to cover the entire domain of process control for most tools. Indeed the optimal control solution is a multi-branch approach to control that provides for the complementary utilization of a number of control algorithms, with the various algorithms utilized in sub-domains in which they are 'best' suited to provide control advice. Unfortunately this ideal solution cannot be realized because very little information is available on the suitable sub-domains of applicability of the various algorithms. This paper addresses this issue by providing a comparative analysis of a number of run-to-run control algorithms. Each algorithm is described so as to provide insight into its potential use in run-to-run control. A comparative study of the algorithms is then presented; comparison criteria include stability and ability to control in the face of noise and drift of linear and full-quadratic processes. Although the data presented does not represent an exhaustive comparison of the alternatives, it provides information that can be utilized to realize an effective multi-branch, multi-algorithm run-to-run control strategy.
Electron-Transfer Reactions at the Plasma–Liquid Interface (2011)

Electrochemical reactions are normally initiated in solution by metal electrodes such as Pt, which are expensive and limited in supply. In this Communication, we demonstrate that an atmospheric-pressure microplasma can act as a gaseous, metal-free electrode to mediate electron-transfer reactions in aqueous solutions. Ferricyanide is reduced to ferrocyanide by plasma electrons, and the reduction rate is found to depend on discharge current. The ability to initiate and control electrochemical reactions at the plasma-liquid interface opens a new direction for electrochemistry based on interactions between gas-phase electrons and ionic solutions.
Elastocaloric cooling using shape memory alloy films (2013)

The elastocaloric effect in magnetron-sputtered Ni50.4Ti49.6 films of 20 μm thickness is studied by means of uniaxial tensile tests and infrared thermography. For the investigated films, the usable quantity of latent heat is about 7.2 J/g. When relieving the stress after tensile loading and subsequent temperature equalization at strain rates larger than dε/dt = 0.2 s−1, a maximum temperature change of ΔT = −16 K is observed as expected for adiabatic conditions. Compared to bulk specimens, the heat transfer times are reduced to about 850 ms due to the larger surface-to-volume ratio, which is attractive for rapid cooling.
Observations on the Structure of Spores (1975)

The differential light scattering characteristics of single spores of Bacillus sphaericus and Clostridium filamentosum were measured and recorded for several hundred different spores using an argon‐ion laser source (λ=514.5 nm) and a single‐particle light‐scattering photometer. Typical recorded light‐scattering patterns were interpreted analytically by adjusting the parameters of a spherically symmetrical model to the data using a least squares fitting procedure. The size fluctuations of the cores were very small which suggests that their structure may well be identical for different spores of the same species. The greater variability of the spore surface thickness seems to indicate that these components are loosely defined during sporulation and will certainly vary with growth conditions. Based on the observed lack of free water within the cores, a hypothesis is presented that dipicolinic acid (DPA) acts as a filler material in the core to prevent free water penetration.
A second maternally expressed Drosophila gene encodes a putative RNA helicase of the "DEAD box" family. (1991)

Recently, a family of proteins containing the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp, the "DEAD box" proteins, has been identified. This family is typified by the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4A, and its members are believed to share the functional property of ATP-dependent RNA unwinding. One of the previously identified members of this family (vasa) is the product of a maternally expressed gene from Drosophila melanogaster that is known to play a role in the formation of the embryonic body plan. We report here the isolation of a Drosophila gene that has an mRNA expression pattern somewhat similar to that of vasa and also encodes a DEAD box protein. We have termed this gene ME31B to reflect its maternal (ovarian germ-line) expression and its location within the 31B chromosome region. Comparisons with the other members of this family reveal that although ME31B is most like the protein Tif1/Tif2, which probably represents the Saccharomyces cerevisiae version of eIF4A, it is unlikely that ME31B represents the Drosophila eIF4A protein per se. A search for mutations in the ME31B gene has established that the P element which causes the female-sterile mutation flipper lies in the 3' flank of the ME31B gene.
Salicylic Acid Inhibits Synthesis of Proteinase Inhibitors in Tomato Leaves Induced by Systemin and Jasmonic Acid (1995)

Salicylic acid (SA) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), previously shown to inhibit proteinase inhibitor synthesis induced by wounding, oligouronides (H.M. Doherty, R.R. Selvendran, D.J. Bowles [1988] Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 377-384), and linolenic acid (H. Pena-Cortes, T. Albrecht, S. Prat, E.W. Weiler, L. Willmitzer [1993] Planta 191: 123-128), are shown here to be potent inhibitors of systemin-induced and jasmonic acid (JA)-induced synthesis of proteinase inhibitor mRNAs and proteins. The inhibition by SA and ASA of proteinase inhibitor synthesis induced by systemin and JA, as well as by wounding and oligosaccharide elicitors, provides further evidence that both oligosaccharide and polypeptide inducer molecules utilize the octadecanoid pathway to signal the activation of proteinase inhibitor genes. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves were pulse labeled with [35S]methionine, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the inhibitory effects of SA are shown to be specific for the synthesis of a small number of JA-inducible proteins that includes the proteinase inhibitors. Previous results have shown that SA inhibits the conversion of 13S-hydroperoxy linolenic acid to 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, thereby inhibiting the signaling pathway by blocking synthesis of JA. Here we report that the inhibition of synthesis of proteinase inhibitor proteins and mRNAs by SA in both light and darkness also occurs at a step in the signal transduction pathway, after JA synthesis but preceding transcription of the inhibitor genes.
Front-line bevacizumab in serous epithelial ovarian cancer: biomarker analysis of the FINAVAST trial. (2010)

Our results indicate differences in MMP-9 and HIF-1alpha expression in relation to duration of PFS and effects on serum VEGF when bevacizumab is used in combination with chemotherapy.
A study of methods for negative relevance feedback (2008)

Negative relevance feedback is a special case of relevance feedback where we do not have any positive example; this often happens when the topic is difficult and the search results are poor. Although in principle any standard relevance feedback technique can be applied to negative relevance feedback, it may not perform well due to the lack of positive examples. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study of methods for negative relevance feedback. We compare a set of representative negative feedback methods, covering vector-space models and language models, as well as several special heuristics for negative feedback. Evaluating negative feedback methods requires a test set with sufficient difficult topics, but there are not many naturally difficult topics in the existing test collections. We use two sampling strategies to adapt a test collection with easy topics to evaluate negative feedback. Experiment results on several TREC collections show that language model based negative feedback methods are generally more effective than those based on vector-space models, and using multiple negative models is an effective heuristic for negative feedback. Our results also show that it is feasible to adapt test collections with easy topics for evaluating negative feedback methods through sampling.
Studies on the Kinetics of Hemopoietic Stem Cells and Immune Responses to the Hapten-Carrier Conjugate (1979)

The correlation between the kinetics of hemopoietic stem cells and immune responses to the hapten-carrier conjugate was investigated. The numbers of both pluripotent stem cells (CFU-S) and myeloid stem cells (CFU-C) in the spleen from mice immunized with the hapten-carrier conjugate were significantly greater than those of the control and the activity of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in the serum of these mice was markedly elevated. The supernatant of short-term incubation of splenic T lymphocytes from these mice, when stimulated with carrier protein, had high levels of both activities of CSF and helper T cell factors. The study by gel chromatography showed that these factors are similar m.w. substances of 35,000 to 45,000 daltons. But analysis by ion-exchange chromatography demonstrated that they do not have identical biochemical properties. The present studies suggest that biologically active factors produced by T cells stimulated with carrier protein may induce the enhancing effect on the proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells and immune responses to the hapten-carrier conjugate.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β is highly activated in nuclei and mitochondria (2003)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3 beta) is located predominantly in the cytosol, but also is in nuclei and mitochondria. In SH-SY5Y cells, primary cortical neurons, and mouse brain, the portion of active GSK3 beta (not phosphorylated on serine-9) was 5- to 8-fold greater in nuclei and mitochondria than in cytosol. Correspondingly greater GSK3 beta activities were measured in nuclei and mitochondria compared with cytosol. Stimulation of apoptotic signaling by treatment with camptothecin or thapsigargin activated GSK3 beta in the nucleus and mitochondria, but not the cytosol, whereas inhibition of GSK3 beta by lithium treatment affected all three pools of GSK3 beta. Thus, the nuclei and mitochondria contain disproportionately high levels of active GSK3 beta, which is selectively further activated by some apoptotic stimuli.
A 1.2- mu m BiCMOS sample-and-hold circuit with a constant-impedance, slew-enhanced sampling gate (1992)

A new sampling gate circuit, with dual outputs functioning alternately in the track and hold modes, is integrated in an open-loop sample-and-hold circuit architecture achieving greater than 450-MHz small-signal input bandwidth and 100-MHz maximum sample rate. The sampling gate also incorporates slew enhancement techniques to achieve (+430 V/ mu s, -510 V/ mu s) slew rate and features a 'built-in' buffer to maintain constant input impedance for both the track and hold modes, simplifying design of the front-end input buffer. Special on-chip clock generation circuits are used to minimize sampled pedestal (+4 mV). Power dissipation is less than 300 mW, including output driver. Measured harmonics are 58 dB down for a 2 V/sub p-p/ 20-MHz sine wave sampled at 100 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Characterization of the T Cell Repertoire Using Immuno-scope Analysis and its Possible Implementation in Clinical Practice (2001)

T lymphocytes play a central role in the pathogenesis of a large number of human conditions including autoimmunity and graft rejection. Although T cells are key players in mounting immune responses, the assessment of T cell repertoires has yet to find an important role in clinical decision making. In this review, we discuss the "immunoscope" technique and its potential diagnostic role in a variety of clinical scenarios. This is an RT-PCR based approach that subdivides a bulk T cell population (i. e. from blood, lymph, spleen, or tissue) into approximately 2800 groups based upon rearranged variable beta (Vbeta)/joining beta (Jbeta) gene segments and the resulting length of the T cell receptor's (TCR's) third complementarity determining region (CDR-3). This extensive subdivision, or focusing, allows clonal expansions to be directly observed. Such a fine-tuned analysis has revealed previously unappreciated aspects of the T cell repertoire. For instance, an antigen-specific immune response can be divided into both public and non-public components. The non-public repertoire contains the majority of the expanding T cells which are unique to the individual (private), or shared by only some (semi-private), while "public" T cells can be found responding to the antigenic determinant in every individual. Although they are often a minority of the response, the public T cell repertoire seems to play a more important role in defining, as well as driving, the overall immune phenotype in the animal. Immunoscope analysis has identified public and non-public responses in human pathologies, such as multiple sclerosis. The ability to characterize the driver T cells dictating the state of immunity/autoimmunity in individual patients will be an important step towards understanding autoimmunity and designing effective treatment for a variety of conditions including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. We review the current literature involving public and non-public repertoires and discuss the prospect that immunoscope analysis may play a central role in the study and perhaps the management of human autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Chemistry: Basic Chemical Research (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Bimodal CXCR4 Antagonistic Peptide (2011)

The antagonistic Ac-TZ14011 peptide, which binds to the chemokine receptor 4, has been labeled with a multifunctional single attachment point reagent that contains a DTPA chelate and a fluorescent dye with Cy5.5 spectral properties. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed that the bimodal labeled peptide gave a specific receptor binding that is similar to monofunctionalized peptide derivatives. Therefore, the newly developed bimodal peptide derivative can be used in multimodal imaging applications.
Hot Brownian Motion (2010)

We derive the markovian description for the nonequilibrium brownian motion of a heated nanoparticle in a simple solvent with a temperature-dependent viscosity. Our analytical results for the generalized fluctuation-dissipation and Stokes-Einstein relations compare favorably with measurements of laser-heated gold nanoparticles and provide a practical rational basis for emerging photothermal tracer and nanoparticle trapping and tracking techniques.
Molecular Cloning, Chromosomal Localization, Tissue mRNA Levels, Bacterial Expression, and Enzymatic Properties of Human NMN Adenylyltransferase (2001)

A 1329-base pair clone isolated from a human placenta cDNA library contains a full-length 837-base pair coding region for a 31.9-kDa protein whose deduced primary structure exhibits high homology to consensus sequences found in other NMN adenylyltransferases. Northern blotting detected a major 3.1-kilobase mRNA transcript as well as a minor 4.1-kilobase transcript in all human tissues examined. In several cancer cell lines, lower levels of mRNA expression were clearly evident. The gene encoding the human enzyme was mapped to chromosome band 1p32-35. High efficiency bacterial expression yielded 1.5 mg of recombinant enzyme/liter of culture medium. The molecular and kinetic properties of recombinant human NMN adenylyltransferase provide new directions for investigating metabolic pathways involving this enzyme.
Coexisting adult polyglucosan body disease with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with transactivation response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43)-positive neuronal inclusions (2012)

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U) is one of the most common pathological findings associated with the clinical FTLD syndromes. However, molecular characterization with genetic sequencing and protein expression techniques are recognizing many new subtypes for FTLDs. FTLDs are diverse and new nomenclature schemes have been proposed based on the molecular defects that are being discovered ( Mackenzie et al., 2010 , Acta Neuropathologica, 119, 1). Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) is a very rare disorder associated with systemic neurological signs and symptoms including progressive dementia with executive dysfunction and motor neuron disease. We report the clinical course of an individual with a clinical FTLD and the as yet unreported findings of coexistent APBD with FTLD-U and transactivation response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43)-positive inclusions at autopsy (or more accurately, FTLD-TDP). It is unclear if these distinct findings are coincidental in this individual, or if pathogenic pathways may intersect to promote these coexisting pathologies.
Studies on the Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds. I. Syntheses and Some Reactions of 1, 6-Naphthyridine N-Oxides (1969)

N-Oxidation of 1, 6-naphthyridine was carried out in various ways and 6-oxide and 1, 6-dioxide were obtained. Reduction of the latter afforded 1-oxide. Reactions of these oxides with acetic anhydride and with phosphoryl chloride were carried out and the structure of each product was determined.
Evidence for a concerted reaction between lipid hydroperoxides and polypeptides. (1992)

The events accompanying oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) are multiple and complex, and the precise mechanisms remain to be determined. In the present studies, we examined a simple system in which we first prepared large amounts of lipid hydroperoxides (from linoleic acid or from phospholipids containing linoleic acid) by using soybean lipoxygenase (linoleate:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.12). Linoleoyl hydroperoxide was then incubated with polypeptides in the absence of metal ions. We observed the generation of fluorescent products with a spectrum like that of oxidized LDL. The generation of fluorescent products from incubation of polypeptides with linoleoyl hydroperoxide was manyfold greater than that generated on incubation with preformed 4-hydroxynonenal at the same concentration. Superoxide dismutase (superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) had no effect on the generation of fluorescent products. Incubation of linoleoyl hydroperoxide with cytochrome c (cyt c) under the same conditions led to progressive reduction of cyt c at a rate determined by the initial linoleoyl hydroperoxide concentration. This reduction was not significantly inhibited by probucol but was inhibited, although never completely, by superoxide dismutase. Even at 100 micrograms/ml, superoxide dismutase inhibited by only 65%. From these results, we are led to suggest a concerted reaction between the peroxy radical and free amino groups of polypeptides or phosphatidylethanolamine to generate fluorescent adducts. During oxidation of LDL or of cell membranes, this mechanism may occur side by side with the conventional Schiff base mechanism.
Organization and polarity of actin filament networks in cells: implications for the mechanism of myosin-based cell motility. (1999)

Force arising from myosin activity drives a number of different types of motility in eukaryotic cells. Outside of muscle tissue, the precise mechanism of myosin-based cell motility is for the most part theoretical. A large part of the problem is that, aside from cell surface features such as lamellipodia and microvilli, relatively little is known about the structural organization of potential actin substrates for myosin in non-muscle motile cells. Several groups [Cramer, Siebert and Mitchison (1997) J. Cell Biol. 136, 1287-1305; Guild, Connelly, Shaw and Tilney (1997) J. Cell Biol. 138, 783-797; Svitkina, Verkhovsky, McQuade and Borisy (1997) J. Cell Biol. 139, 397-415] have begun to address this issue by determining actin organization throughout entire non-muscle motile cells. These studies reveal that a single motile cell comprises up to four distinct structural groups of actin organization, distinguished by differences in actin filament polarity: alternating, uniform, mixed or graded. The relative abundance and spatial location in cells of a particular actin organization varies with cell type. The existence in non-muscle motile cells of alternating-polarity actin filament bundles, the organization of muscle sarcomeres, provides direct structural evidence that some forms of motility in non-muscle cells are based on sarcomeric contraction, a recurring theory in the literature since the early days of muscle research. In this scenario, as in muscle sarcomeres, myosin generates isometric force, which is ideally suited to driving symmetrical types of motility, e.g. healing of circular wounds in coherent groups of cells. In contrast, uniform-polarity actin filament bundles and oriented meshworks in cells allow oriented movement of myosin, potentially over relatively long distances. In this simple 'transport-based' scenario, the direction in which myosin generates force is inherently polarized, and is well placed for driving asymmetrical or polarized types of motility, e.g. as expected for long-range transport of membrane organelles. In the more complex situation of cell locomotion, the predominant actin organization detected in locomoting fish keratocytes and locomoting primary heart fibroblasts excludes sarcomeric contraction force from having a major role in pulling these cell types forward during locomotion. Instead Svitkina et al. propose that 'dynamic network contraction' of a weakly adherent uniform-polarity actin filament meshwork is the basis of keratocyte locomotion. For fibroblast locomotion, however, Cramer et al. prefer a transport mechanism based on graded-polarity actin filament bundles.
Using Big Data and sentiment analysis in product evaluation (2013)

When purchasing a product for the first time one usually needs to choose among several products with similar characteristics. Companies use to promote their brands and products pointing out good characteristics avoiding to mention the poor ones. The best way to choose the most suitable product is to rely upon the opinions of others. The system to be described here collects opinions about hotels from the web, evaluates them, aggregates these evaluations and offers cumulative, easy-to-understand information. Generated information is intended for the possible prospective customer, but also for the hotel managers providing them with additional guidance in future business development.