gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Acetic Acid Fermentation by Quorum Sensing via <i>N</i> -Acylhomoserine Lactones in <i>Gluconacetobacter intermedius</i> (2008)

A number of gram-negative bacteria regulate gene expression in a cell density-dependent manner by quorum sensing via N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). Gluconacetobacter intermedius NCI1051, a gram-negative acetic acid bacterium, produces three different AHLs, N-decanoyl-l-homoserine lactone, N-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone, and an N-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone with a single unsaturated bond in its acyl chain, as determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Two genes encoding an AHL synthase and a cognate regulator were cloned from strain NCI1051 and designated ginI and ginR, respectively. Disruption of ginI or ginR abolished AHL production, indicating that NCI1051 contains a single set of quorum-sensing genes. Transcriptional analysis showed that ginI is activated by GinR, which is consistent with the finding that there is an inverted repeat whose nucleotide sequence is similar to the sequence bound by members of the LuxR family at position -45 with respect to the transcriptional start site of ginI. A single gene, designated ginA, located just downstream of ginI is transcribed by read-through from the GinR-inducible ginI promoter. A ginA mutant, as well as the ginI and ginR mutants, grew more rapidly in medium containing 2% (vol/vol) ethanol and accumulated acetic acid at a higher rate with a greater final yield than parental strain NCI1051. In addition, these mutants produced larger amounts of gluconic acid than the parental strain. These data demonstrate that the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system in G. intermedius controls the expression of ginA, which in turn represses oxidative fermentation, including acetic acid and gluconic acid fermentation.
Polarized spectroscopy of aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes (2000)

Polarized resonant Raman and optical spectroscopy of aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes show that the optical transitions are strongly polarized along the nanotubes axis. This behavior is consistent with recent electronic structure calculations.
Vehicular air-bag control based on energy, momentum, and semimetric spaces (2000)

Described in this paper is a geometric control algorithm for quantifying crash severity, distinguishing crash configurations, and activating air bags during collisions. Its conceptual function and calibration depend on energy, momentum, and semimetric spaces. Its practical calibration and implementation depend on test crashes and parallel-processor routines. By contrast, current algorithms depend on acceleration and threshold routines. The algorithm here, however, proves significantly more effective-in speed, in accuracy, and in reliability.
Advanced gate technologies for state-of-the-art f<inf>T</inf> in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2010)

In this paper, the lower-than-expected frequency performance observed in many AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) has been attributed to a significant drop of the intrinsic small-signal transconductance (g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> ) with respect to the intrinsic DC g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> . To reduce this g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> -collapse and improve high frequency performance, we have developed a new technology based on a combination of vertical gate-recess, oxygen plasma treatment, and lateral gate-etch which has allowed us to fabricate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with a record current-gain cutoff frequency (f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> ) of 225 GHz for a gate length (L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> ) of 55 nm, and 162 GHz for an L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> of 110 nm.
Plaquing procedure for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (1980)

A single overlay plaque assay was designed and evaluated for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Epithelioma papillosum carpio cells were grown in normal atmosphere with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane- or HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid)-buffered media. Plaques were larger and formed more quickly on 1- to 3-day-old cell monolayers than on older monolayers. Cell culture medium with a 10% addition of fetal calf serum (MEM 10) or without serum (MEM 0) were the most efficient virus diluents. Dilution with phosphate-buffered saline, saline, normal broth, or deionized water reduced plaque numbers. Variations in the pH (7.0 to 8.0) of a MEM 0 diluent did not affect plaque numbers. Increasing the volume of viral inoculum above 0.15 ml (15- by 60-mm plate) decreased plaquing efficiency. Significantly more plaques occurred under gum tragacanth and methylcellulose than under agar or agarose overlays. Varying the pH (6.8 to 7.4) of methylcellulose overlays did not significantly change plaque numbers. More plaques formed under the thicker overlays of both methylcellulose and gum tragacanth. Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and HEPES performed equally well, buffering either medium or overlay. Plaque numbers were reduced when cells were rinsed after virus adsorption or less than 1 h was allowed for adsorption. Variation in adsorption time between 60 and 180 min did not change plaque numbers. The mean plaque formation time was 7 days at 16 degrees C. The viral dose response was linear when the standardized assay was used.
The Pulse Wave Velocity as an Early Indicator of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Subjects (1962)

The arterial pulse wave velocity was measured in 87 healthy individuals and in 52 diabetic patients who did not have clinical evidence of atherosclerosis or hypertension. A significant increase in the pulse wave velocity was found in the diabetic subjects. This increase was not correlated with the duration of their illness as judged from clinical history. It is very likely that the high values of pulse wave velocity were indicative of an incipient process of diffuse atherosclerosis and that the measurement of the pulse wave velocity brought this into evidence earlier than the classic signs and symptoms. Serial measurements of the pulse wave velocity in diabetic subjects may permit early detection of atherosclerosis in these patients.
A ring Compton scatter camera for imaging medium energy gamma rays (1993)

The characteristics of a new ring Compton scatter camera are described. This camera is designed to image medium energy (0.5 to 3 MeV) gamma-ray fields. It consists of two positron sensitive detector arrays, i.e. a 4*4 planar array of high purity germanium (HPGe) crystals and a ring array of up to 64 NaI(Tl) crystals. Past evaluations of Compton cameras have employed a planar second detector, which is subjected to a large flux of gamma rays that either pass directly through or undergo small angle scatter in the first detector. A ring array significantly reduces direct and small angle scattered events in the second detector. An analytical model for ring camera systems is developed to predict angular resolution and efficiency, and is benchmarked against measurements made with a prototype system consisting of the 4*4 HPGe array and an eight-element ring. Predictions are made for a system with 64 crystals in the second detector ring.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Abstract 107: Community Public Access Defibrillation Sites: Compliance with American Heart Association Recommendations (2007)

Introduction The Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Trial demonstrated improved survival of cardiac arrest victims when automated external defibrillators (AEDs) were combined with CPR by lay responders. These PAD sites incorporated American Heart Association (AHA) recommended elements of a PAD site and the volunteer responders received refresher CPR/AED training. It is unknown if typical community PAD sites maintain these elements after initial program development. The Johnson County Early Defibrillation Task Force (JCEDTF) in Johnson County, IA distributed AEDs throughout the county in 2002. CPR training was provided at program initiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the PAD sites 5 years later to assess compliance with AHA recommendations. Methods A 25 point scoring system was developed to assign numerical values to the components of a PAD site: planned and practiced response, links with local EMS, and training of rescuers. Surveys were mailed to all 39 PAD sites. Site visits with tours were conducted at each the site to confirm the survey. Sites were grouped into educational, community, or business sites. Results Thirty two surveys were returned (response rate 82%): 5 educational sites, 13 business and industrial sites and 14 community sites. The Table shows the percentage of points that each group achieved for the components of an AED program. No site had incorporated all the recommended elements: the best sites included only 2/3 of the recommendations. There was a statistical difference in CPR training, with business and industrial sites performing best. Community sites were particularly weak with CPR training. Conclusions PAD sites incorporate approximately half of the elements of an effective PAD program. Business and industrial sites perform slightly better than educational or community sites. CPR training and EMS links are the poorest areas of compliance. These results may indicate that the effectiveness of a PAD site may diminish with time. Table: Percentage of Achieved Points
Holocene vegetation, savanna origins and human settlement of Guam. In A Pacific Odyssey: Archaeology and Anthropology in the Western Pacific. Papers in Honour of Jim Specht (2004)

Palaeoenvironmental investigations not only provide information about past climate, geomorphological changes, and vegetation, but also can give a unique and complementary perspective to archaeological studies relating to the history of human settlement. The IARII Laguas core on the west coast of Guam yielded 28 meters of sedimentary deposition dating back 9,300 years from the present. Pollen analysis indicates that forested conditions dominated the upland and coastal landscape of southern Guam during the early part of the Holocene. At 4,300 cal. B.P. the earliest charcoal particles appear, suggesting human colonization. By about 3,900 cal. B.P. Lycopodium and Gleichenia ferns first become noticeable in the core record, probably indicative of gardening and resource collecting activities by small human populations. At 2,900 cal. B.P. these and other disturbance indicators (e.g., grasses, charcoal articles) become continuously present in quantity, signalling the demise of the upland forests in southern Guam and development of the degraded savanna landscape seen today. By 2,300 cal. B.P. there are only remnant patches of native forest in evidence. The sedimentary record of the Laguas core and another nearby sampling location suggest increased hillslope erosion along the coastal margins after about 1,700 cal. B.P., which is accompanied by higher charcoal particle concentrations. Although the exact date of major coastal deposition remains unresolved by the Laguas evidence—it could have been much later than 1,700 cal. B.P.—other studies of erosion and coastal deposition on Guam suggest a time frame sometime between the early first millennium B.P. and late second millennium B.P.
Dragon (repulsive guidance molecule b, RGMb) is a novel gene that promotes colorectal cancer growth (2015)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a major cause of cancer death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC initiation, growth and metastasis are poorly understood. Dragon (RGMb), a member of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family, has been recently identified as a co-receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, but the role of Dragon in CRC development is undefined. Here, we show that Dragon expression was increased in colon cancer tissues compared to control tissues in CAC mouse model and in human patients. Dragon promoted proliferation of CT26.WT and CMT93 colon cancer cells and accelerated tumor growth in the xenograft mouse model. Dragon's action on colon cancer development was mediated via the BMP4-Smad1/5/8 and Erk1/2 pathways. Therefore, our results have revealed that Dragon is a novel gene that promotes CRC growth through the BMP pathway. Dragon may be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
Tumour markers in prostate cancer III: Biomarkers in urine (2011)

Up to now urine-based biomarkers represent a promising alternative or addition to serum-based biomarkers. Prospective studies in a multivariate setting, including larger sample sizes and avoiding attribution bias caused by preselection on the basis of serum PSA are however required.
Moderately Hard, Memory-Bound Functions. (2003)

A resource may be abused if its users incur little or no cost. For example, e-mail abuse is rampant because sending an e-mail has negligible cost for the sender. It has been suggested that such abuse may be discouraged by introducing an artificial cost in the form of a moderately expensive computation. Thus, the sender of an e-mail might be required to pay by computing for a few seconds before the e-mail is accepted. Unfortunately, because of sharp disparities across computer systems, this approach may be ineffective against malicious users with high-end systems, prohibitively slow for legitimate users with low-end systems, or both. Starting from this observation, we research moderately hard functions that most recent systems will evaluate at about the same speed. For this purpose, we rely on memory-bound computations. We describe and analyze a family of moderately hard, memory-bound functions, and we explain how to use them for protecting against abuses. Categories and Subject Descriptors: C.2.0 [Computer-Communication Networks]: General—security and protection;
ChemInform Abstract: PYRAZOLOPYRIDINES PART 3, PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF PYRAZOLO(4,3‐B)PYRIDINES (1974)

Abstract Die aus den Pyridinen (I) zugänglichen Nitrosoderivate (II) cyclisieren sich unter Umlagerung zu den (Titelverbindungen (III), die als Acetyl‐Derivate (IV) isoliert wer‐ "dem‐Analog wird aus dem Pyridin (V) die Verbindung (VI) gewonnen.
Enhancer-associated H3K4 monomethylation by Trithorax-related, the <i>Drosophila</i> homolog of mammalian Mll3/Mll4 (2012)

Monomethylation of histone H3 on Lys 4 (H3K4me1) and acetylation of histone H3 on Lys 27 (H3K27ac) are histone modifications that are highly enriched over the body of actively transcribed genes and on enhancers. Although in yeast all H3K4 methylation patterns, including H3K4me1, are implemented by Set1/COMPASS (complex of proteins associated with Set1), there are three classes of COMPASS-like complexes in Drosophila that could carry out H3K4me1 on enhancers: dSet1, Trithorax, and Trithorax-related (Trr). Here, we report that Trr, the Drosophila homolog of the mammalian Mll3/4 COMPASS-like complexes, can function as a major H3K4 monomethyltransferase on enhancers in vivo. Loss of Trr results in a global decrease of H3K4me1 and H3K27ac levels in various tissues. Assays with the cut wing margin enhancer implied a functional role for Trr in enhancer-mediated processes. A genome-wide analysis demonstrated that Trr is required to maintain the H3K4me1 and H3K27ac chromatin signature that resembles the histone modification patterns described for enhancers. Furthermore, studies in the mammalian system suggested a role for the Trr homolog Mll3 in similar processes. Since Trr and mammalian Mll3/4 complexes are distinguished by bearing a unique subunit, the H3K27 demethylase UTX, we propose a model in which the H3K4 monomethyltransferases Trr/Mll3/Mll4 and the H3K27 demethylase UTX cooperate to regulate the transition from inactive/poised to active enhancers.
Effects of small variations of speed of sound in optoacoustic tomographic imaging (2014)

Accurate analysis of effects of small speed of sound variations demonstrates that accounting for differences in the speed of sound allows improving optoacoustic reconstruction results in realistic imaging scenarios involving acoustic heterogeneities in tissues and surrounding media.
A New Approach to Sensor-less and Voltage Controlled AMBs Based on Network Theory Concepts (1990)

The studied species of Lamiaceae family and their active chemical compounds are potent in alleviating the side effects of radiotherapy and should be considered as a complementary therapy.
Local Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Using Quantum Point Contacts (1994)

We have used quantum point contacts (QPCs) to locally create and probe dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in GaAs heterostructures in the quantum Hall regime. DNP is created via scattering between spin-polarized Landau level electrons and the Ga and As nuclear spins, and it leads to hysteresis in the dc transport characteristics. The nuclear origin of this hysteresis is demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our results show that QPCs can be used to create and probe local nuclear spin populations, opening up new possibilities for mesoscopic NMR experiments.
Theory of optimal transaction implementation (2002)

In a securities market, the initiator of a large transaction can expect the realized price of his trade to be inferior to the current market price immediately prior to his appearance in the market. This "transaction implementation cost" phenomenon is a major concern of institutional money managers, both in portfolio selection and in trade implementation strategy. A considerable amount of current research in finance theory deals with modeling and prediction of these costs for equities trading, and commercial products and services have become available for probabilistically estimating real time transaction implementation costs versus transaction size on a stock-specific basis. An earlier paper described the concept of satisfaction- or preference-based trading, with optimization of trade matching on the basis of mutual preference. A market structure based upon this design will shortly begin trading listed equities on the Pacific Exchange, under the trade name OptiMark/sup TM/. The Nasdaq market is expected to begin trading using the OptiMark system in 1999, followed by the Osaka Securities Exchange in 2000. A prima facie benefit of this approach is the ability to specify trading strategies that explicitly account for transaction implementation cost estimates. We present the underlying theoretical framework that unites these concepts of preference-based trading and probabilistic transaction cost estimation. In particular, we develop an analytical generalization of the current market structure constructs of market orders and limit orders. We describe a feasible optimization problem whose solution yields optimal preference profiles, given current market conditions (as reflected by the probability distribution of transaction implementation cost) and a trader-specified coefficient of urgency. This enables seamless integration of the functions of portfolio selection (the purview of modern portfolio theory) and transaction implementation.
DIFFERENCES IN CHRONOTROPIC AND DROMOTROPIC RESPONSES OF THE SA AND AV NODES TO ADENOSINE AND ACETYLCHOLINE (1972)

It is well known that adenosine produces a deceleration of sinus rate though not so prominent while a high grade AV block is seen in the guinea-pig. In the dog the sinus rate is so considerably retarded by adenosine that the action upon the AV conduction is not appreciated on rough examination (Drury and Szent-Gyorgyi 1929) (1). In the present study, selective perfusion systems of the sinus and AV node arteries were arranged (2). The double perfusion method has been described in a previous paper (3). Effects of adenodine on the AV conductivity in comparison with those on the automaticity of the SA or AV node were examined.
A monofilar spiral antenna and its array above a ground plane-formation of a circularly polarized tilted fan beam (1997)

A monofilar spiral antenna is analyzed in the presence of a conducting plane reflector, using the method of moments. The circumference of the spiral antenna is chosen to be 2.3 wavelengths. A tilted beam of circular polarization is realized by superposing the fields from two active regions. The gain of the tilted beam is approximately 8 dB. The frequency bandwidths for 1-dB gain drop and 3-dB axial ratio criterions are 12% and 23%, respectively. An array consisting of the four monofilar spiral antennas is also analyzed, where the array element spacing is chosen to be 0.8 wavelength at a design frequency f/sub 0/. The input impedances of the four spirals are almost the same as the impedance of the single monofilar spiral antenna at f/sub 0/. The array radiates a tilted fan beam with a gain increase of approximately 6 dB from the gain of the single spiral antenna at f/sub 0/. The frequency bandwidth for a 3-dB axial ratio criterion is almost the same as that of the single spiral antenna.
Ultraviolet fluorescence identification of protein, DNA, and bacteria (1995)

Recent food poisoning incidents have highlighted the need for inexpensive instrumentation that can detect food pathogens. Instrumentation that detects the relatively strong ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence signal from the aromatic protein amino acids in bacteria could provide a solution to the problem of real-time pathogen measurements. The capabilities of UV fluorescence measurements have, however, been largely ignored because of the difficulty in identifying pathogens in the presence of interfering backgrounds. Implementation of fluorescence measurements thus requires methodologies that can distinguish fluorescence features associated with pathogens from those associated with proteins, harmless bacteria, skin, blood, hair follicles, pesticide residue, etc. We describe multispectral UV fluorescence measurements that demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and identifying protein, DNA, and bacteria using a relatively simple UV imaging fluorometer and a unique multivariate analysis algorithm.
Design and implementation of a stair-climbing robot (2008)

Taiwan and other developed countries have being experienced an emergence of a growing aging population. Home-caring robot is an excellent candidate capable of supporting such an aging society. In the paper, a robot is designed to move up-and-down stairs to provide service for the elders. The robot consists of a main body for moving, a front arm and a rear arm for moving up and down stairs. The main body is equipped with two brushless dc motors (BLDCMs) and their drives for locomotion, worm gears for torque amplification, two dc motors to control two arms, and DSP-based board as control center. The robot is equipped with roller chains attached with rubber blocks used to generate friction with ground and stairs for moving. The distance between any two rubber blocks is properly arranged to fix the stair brink. The moving direction of the robot is steered based on the speed difference of two BLDCMs and the information from ultrasonic sensors. A walking experiment of moving up and down stairs with the rise of 120 mm and depth of 400 mm is shown in the video.