gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in Student Values and Attitudes over a Decade. Research Report #11-87. (1987)

The biological responses of estriol (E3) and of estriol-3-sulfate (E3-S) in the fetal and newborn uteri of guinea pig were studied. After a treatment of E3 (1 mg/kg/day) or E3-S (1.4 mg/kg/day) to pregnant guinea pigs (49-60 days of gestation) for 6 days, both estrogens provoke a significant uterotrophic effect in the fetal uterus which increases in weight 1.8-2.5 times in relation to the non-treated animals. The stimulation of progesterone receptor (PR) is also very intense, 7-12 times in relation to the control animals. In another series of experiments newborn guinea pigs (2-day old) were treated with 100 micrograms/animal of E3 or 140 micrograms/animal of E3-S for a short (2 days) or a long (12 days) period. Concerning the uterotrophic effect, the weight of the uterus increases 1.8-2.5 times (in relation to the non-treated animals) after a 2-day treatment and the effect continues to increase up to 4-5 times in the 12-day treated animals. In opposition to the fetal uterus, the effect on PR provoked by E3 or E3-S is very limited (only an increase of 1 time in relation to the non-treated animals); the effect is even less intense after the 12-day treatment. Histological studies show an intense hypertrophic effect particularly in the epithelium of the endometrium in the fetal and newborn uteri for both E3 and E3-S. In the newborns the effect is also intense on the epithelium of the uterine gland. It is concluded that: (1) Estriol and estriol sulfate are very active and with similar intensity on the uterine weight before and after birth; (2) The stimulatory effect on PR decreases very significantly after birth and after a long treatment; (3) E3-S can act as a potent hormonal precursor.
THE <sup>199</sup>Hg(n, γ)<sup>200</sup>Hg REACTION WITH THERMAL NEUTRONS (1967)

Thermal neutron-capture γ rays from 199 Hg(n, γ) 200 Hg were studied with a lithium germanium detector and with angular correlation techniques. Gamma-ray and level energies were determined with accuracies of at best ±3 keV. Spin 0 for the capturing state was confirmed and levels at 1 569, 2 060, 2 369, 2 640, 3 186, 3 269, 3 289, 3 351 keV were assigned spin 1. The 200 Hg level scheme is discussed.
Searching protein structure databases with DaliLite v.3 (2008)

The Dali server for protein structure database searching at http://ekhidna.biocenter.helsinki.fi/dali_server is running DaliLite v.3. The software can be downloaded for academic use from http://ekhidna.biocenter.helsinki.fi/dali_lite/downloads/v3.
Development of an adviser system for foetal diagnosis during labour (1988)

The expert system FOETOS is designed to aid diagnosis and prognosis of foetal condition during the nonstress test, foetal biophysical profiling, the contraction stress test, labour and the immediate neonatal period. Its action during labour to generate the following information is described: (1) characteristics, aetiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic advice concerning the state of the foetus; (2) etiology and therapeutic advice concerning delivery problems; (3) recommendations concerning possible foetal blood pH measurements, and interpretation of the results; and (4) the Bishop's test score (from cervical dilation, cervical effacement, foetal station, cervical consistency, and cervical position data). FOETOS is supported by an IBM-XT-based conventional monitoring system which acquires foetal heart rate and uterine pressure signals from a cardiotocograph connected to the patient and extracts the parameters later required by FOETOS. FOETOS has been built using the knowledge engineering tool GENIE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A General Model for Version Management in Databases (1986)

In this paper we introduce a general model for version management expressed by the concept of version environments. A version environment offers two mechanisms for structuring the version sets of objects: graphs and partitions. By the use of views, constraints and transactions the version environment may be tailored to specific user requirements. The embedding of application tools into the version environment provides the users with their specific application environment which consists of the objects, their version structures and the tools operating on them. The proposed concept is more general and more powerful than the concepts published so far; it is shown, how well known version concepts can be implemented by means of version environments.
Comparison of sensitivity and resolution with two marine CSEM exploration methods (2010)

This paper compares the sensitivity to, and resolution of the properties of a resistive target using marine controlled source electromagnetic measurements, with the frequency domain horizontal source‐receiver method and the recently introduced vertical source‐receiver time domain configuration. The problem is addressed from an analytical stand point, i.e. by analyzing closed form solutions of the 1D spatial and spectral distribution of the fields, and numerically, from 1D inversion of synthetic datasets as well as from 2D simulations of the response of finite lateral extent reservoirs. The 1D analysis demonstrates that the far offset measurement of the standard CSEM has more sensitivity to the presence of the resistive layer than the vertical source‐receiver time domain measurement done at close offsets from the source. Closed form solutions derived for the guided mode of the fields yields increasing sensitivity of the standard CSEM configuration for thin resistors and increasing offsets from the source. The image term solution for the fields observed in the near offset vertical source‐receiver configuration yields increasing sensitivity with decreasing frequency, i.e. towards the late times of the measurement. For the simplified single layer model a threshold offset is establish beyond which the standard CSEM method is more sensitive. However for a more realistic setting of a finite extent 2D reservoir this report shows that the guided mode driving the far offset sensitivity is only dominant for wide enough targets. The vertical source receiver is more sensitive to smaller targets, where the guided mode does not develop, and it has better resolution to the lateral extent of the reservoirs.
Increased Prevalence of Cardiovascular and Autoimmune Diseases in Periodontitis Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Study (2010)

The increased prevalence of cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases among patients with periodontitis attending dental or periodontal clinics may, at least in part, be influenced by confounding. However, the increased prevalence of DM and RA in patients with periodontitis could not be explained by confounding.
Endocytosis of Prion Protein Is Required for ERK1/2 Signaling Induced by Stress-Inducible Protein 1 (2008)

The secreted cochaperone STI1 triggers activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and ERK1/2 signaling by interacting with the cellular prion (PrP(C)) at the cell surface, resulting in neuroprotection and increased neuritogenesis. Here, we investigated whether STI1 triggers PrP(C) trafficking and tested whether this process controls PrP(C)-dependent signaling. We found that STI1, but not a STI1 mutant unable to bind PrP(C), induced PrP(C) endocytosis. STI1-induced signaling did not occur in cells devoid of endogenous PrP(C); however, heterologous expression of PrP(C) reconstituted both PKA and ERK1/2 activation. In contrast, a PrP(C) mutant lacking endocytic activity was unable to promote ERK1/2 activation induced by STI1, whereas it reconstituted PKA activity in the same condition, suggesting a key role of endocytosis in the former process. The activation of ERK1/2 by STI1 was transient and appeared to depend on the interaction of the two proteins at the cell surface or shortly after internalization. Moreover, inhibition of dynamin activity by expression of a dominant-negative mutant caused the accumulation and colocalization of these proteins at the plasma membrane, suggesting that both proteins use a dynamin-dependent internalization pathway. These results show that PrP(C) endocytosis is a necessary step to modulate STI1-dependent ERK1/2 signaling involved in neuritogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ring‐A and ‐B Substituted 17α‐Acetoxypregnan‐20‐one Derivatives with Potential Activity on the Digitalis Receptor in Cardiac Muscle. (1987)

Abstract Various transformations (mainly reductions) of 17α‐acetoxypregnane‐20‐one derivatives are described.
Usefulness of Cytokeratin 5/6 and AMACR Applied as Double Sequential Immunostains for Diagnostic Assessment of Problematic Prostate Specimens (2009)

We evaluated the usefulness of double immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (CK)5/6 and alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) applied sequentially on 1 slide by assessing 223 foci in 110 consecutive prostate specimens. Double-chromogen reaction was used to visualize the antibodies: brown for CK5/6 and red for AMACR. Staining was scored as diffuse, focal, or negative. To establish the diagnosis, CK5/6 and AMACR were correlated with the morphologic features. All cancers lacked CK5/6 staining (100% specificity). AMACR showed diffuse or focal positivity in cancer, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and atypia in 96.8% (120/124), 85% (22/26), and 80% (16/20) of cases, respectively. In atypical cases, diagnosis was because of non-immunohistochemical staining reasons in 80% of cases. In adenosis (n = 14), AMACR was diffusely positive in 4 cases (29%). Double immunohistochemical staining for CK5/6 and AMACR is a simple assay to perform and may be used as an alternative to antibody cocktails for routine evaluation of problematic prostate specimens.
Space Power Systems (1961)

Space Power Systems covers systems based on the three primary sources of energy of practical value, namely, solar, nuclear, and chemical sources. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 32 chapters that also explore the requirements for space power. Part A presents the general aspects of solar cell power systems based on the work performed for US space vehicles that are to be placed in orbit. This part specifically considers a graph showing the variation of characteristic parameters of the solar cell battery storage system as a function of flight altitude. Considerable chapters in this part are devoted to the solar cell power plant for the space vehicles ADVENT, RANGER, TIROS, and TRANSIT. The remaining chapters provide a detailed analysis of the physics and engineering of solar panel and solar mirror design. Part B contains a series of papers involving the various aspects of the Atomic Energy Commission SNAP (Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power) program. Many details are presented for the 3 kw, liquid metal, turbo-machinery SNAP II power systems covering subjects from the basic concept through vehicle integration and safety aspects. Significant chapters in this part discuss the compact and apparently highly reliable radioisotope thermoelectric generator. Part C highlights the methods of storing and expelling high energy cryogenic fuels, which can provide from two to five times more energy per unit weight than the silver-zinc primary battery. Part D provides an interesting and useful estimation of the many requirements that are likely to become firm for space vehicles. Space vehicle engineers, designers, and researchers will find this book invaluable.
Long-Term Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Mortality in a Dutch Cohort (NLCS-AIR Study) (2007)

Traffic-related air pollution and several traffic exposure variables were associated with mortality in the full cohort. Relative risks were generally small. Associations between natural-cause and respiratory mortality were statistically significant for NO(2) and BS. These results add to the evidence that long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with increased mortality.
Multiplexed Serologic Assay for Nine Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Types (2010)

A multiplexed human papillomavirus (HPV) immunoassay has been developed for the detection of human IgG antibodies to HPV type 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 virus-like particle (VLP) types in serum following natural infection or immunization with VLP-based vaccines. The VLP antigens were covalently conjugated to carboxyl Luminex microspheres (MS) using a carbodiimide chemistry. Antibody (Ab) titers were determined in a direct binding format, in which an IgG1- to -4-specific, phycoerythrin (PE)-labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) (HP6043) binds to human serum IgG antibodies. Pooled serum samples from rhesus macaques immunized with a 9-valent VLP-based vaccine served as the reference standard. The overall specificity of the assay was >99%, and the linearity (parallelism) of the assay was <7% per 10-fold dilution. Total assay precision was <19% across 3 different VLP-microsphere lots, 2 secondary antibody lots, and 2 different operators over a period of 3 weeks. Three different methods were used to evaluate serostatus cutoffs (SCO): (i) a clinical sensitivity/specificity analysis based on "likely negative" and "likely positive" samples from nonvaccinees, (ii) stringent upper tolerance limits on samples from "likely negatives," and (iii) stringent upper tolerance limits from the same "likely negative" sample set after VLP adsorption. Depending on the method to set the serostatus cutoff, the percentage of seropositive samples at the month 48 time point following vaccination with the HPV 6/11/16/18 quadrivalent vaccine ranged from 70% to 100%. This assay has proven useful for measuring the levels of serum antibody to the nine HPV VLPs following natural infection or administration of VLP-based vaccines.
A Magical Pair of 6x6 Chemical Squares (2004)

The two 6x6 squares below contain 72 distinct entries from the periodic table of the elements, chosen from among the 110 which have been assigned official names by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). Each small square displays the standard abbreviation and atomic number of its element.
Integrated optical dual-cantilever arrays in silica on silicon (2014)

A dual cantilever device has been demonstrated which can operate as a force sensor or variable attenuator. The device is fabricated using physical micromachining techniques that do not require cleanroom class facilities. The response of the device to mechanical actuation is measured, and shown to be well described by conventional fiber optic angular misalignment theory. The device has the potential to be utilized within integrated optical components for sensors or attenuators. An array of devices was fabricated with potential for parallel operation.
Cross-Layer-Based Adaptive Vertical Handoff With Predictive RSS in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A heterogeneous wireless network consists of various wireless networks [e.g., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)] and cellular communications [e.g., beyond the third generation (B3G) and the fourth generation (4G)]. Vertical handoff is an important mechanism for achieving continuous seamless transmissions in these networks. In contrast to horizontal handoff, vertical handoff considers not only the received signal strength (RSS) but also the service-class mapping between handoff-in and handoff-out networks. Most previous works have adopted the RSS-based mechanism to determine handoff thresholds, which causes a serious ping-pong effect that increases unnecessary handoff. Although integrating the RSS-based mechanism with a hysteresis method reduces the unnecessary handoff, it suffers from high dropping [i.e., high Sum of Weighted Grade of Service (SWGoS)] and low utilization. Therefore, this paper proposes a cross-layer-based adaptive vertical handoff algorithm with predictive RSS to reduce the unnecessary handoff while significantly increasing utilization and decreasing connection dropping. The proposed approach determines the optimal target network in two phases, i.e., polynomial regression RSS prediction and Markov decision process analysis. Furthermore, fast changes in bandwidth caused by vertical handoff result in inaccurate Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control and, thus, reduce the TCP goodput. The cross-layer scheme provides a TCP receiver to reply to the TCP sender with the wireless network's protocol type. By using the cross-layer information, the TCP sender can accurately predict the available bandwidth and increase the network goodput. Numerical results indicate that the proposed cross-layer-based approach outperforms the other approaches in the number of vertical handoffs and SWGoS while yielding competitive utilization. In addition, the cross-layer scheme cooperates with existing TCP algorithms to increase goodput by up to 18%. </para>
Labile disulfide bonds are common at the leucocyte cell surface (2011)

Redox conditions change in events such as immune and platelet activation, and during viral infection, but the biochemical consequences are not well characterized. There is evidence that some disulfide bonds in membrane proteins are labile while others that are probably structurally important are not exposed at the protein surface. We have developed a proteomic/mass spectrometry method to screen for and identify non-structural, redox-labile disulfide bonds in leucocyte cell-surface proteins. These labile disulfide bonds are common, with several classes of proteins being identified and around 30 membrane proteins regularly identified under different reducing conditions including using enzymes such as thioredoxin. The proteins identified include integrins, receptors, transporters and cell-cell recognition proteins. In many cases, at least one cysteine residue was identified by mass spectrometry as being modified by the reduction process. In some cases, functional changes are predicted (e.g. in integrins and cytokine receptors) but the scale of molecular changes in membrane proteins observed suggests that widespread effects are likely on many different types of proteins including enzymes, adhesion proteins and transporters. The results imply that membrane protein activity is being modulated by a 'redox regulator' mechanism.
The Current Status of Therapeutic HPV Vaccine (1996)

Cervical carcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Recurrences occur in 15% of the patients after optimal treatment of low-risk early-stage disease. Treatment results of recurrent disease are relatively poor and for this reason new therapeutic strategies are warranted. Viral infection with human papillomavirus seems to have an essential part in the aetiology of cervical carcinoma. Evidence for the assumption that cervical carcinoma, among other malignancies such as melanomas, renal malignancies and Kaposi sarcoma, are immunogenic is provided by the fact that these malignancies grow more rapidly in the presence of systemic immunosuppression. Spontaneous regression for these tumour types is also described and immunohistochemical studies show extensive infiltrates in the tumour, consisting of immunocompetent cells. It is thus postulated that cellular immunity, and mainly the T-cell system plays an important role in the antitumour defence in cervical carcinoma. This review describes the rationale for the use of immunotherapy as treatment for cervical carcinoma as well as the results of recent developments in tumour immunology and its implications for the clinical use of immunotherapeutical approaches.
Cancer Stem Cell Vaccination Confers Significant Antitumor Immunity (2012)

Most studies of cancer stem cells (CSC) involve the inoculation of cells from human tumors into immunosuppressed mice, preventing an assessment on the immunologic interactions and effects of CSCs. In this study, we examined the vaccination effects produced by CSC-enriched populations from histologically distinct murine tumors after their inoculation into different syngeneic immunocompetent hosts. Enriched CSCs were immunogenic and more effective as an antigen source than unselected tumor cells in inducing protective antitumor immunity. Immune sera from CSC-vaccinated hosts contained high levels of IgG which bound to CSCs, resulting in CSC lysis in the presence of complement. CTLs generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or splenocytes harvested from CSC-vaccinated hosts were capable of killing CSCs in vitro. Mechanistic investigations established that CSC-primed antibodies and T cells were capable of selective targeting CSCs and conferring antitumor immunity. Together, these proof-of-concept results provide a rationale for a new type of cancer immunotherapy based on the development of CSC vaccines that can specifically target CSCs.
Modelling for robust feedback control of fluid flows (2015)

This paper addresses the problem of designing low-order and linear robust feedback controllers that provide a priori guarantees with respect to stability and performance when applied to a fluid flow. This is challenging, since whilst many flows are governed by a set of nonlinear, partial differential–algebraic equations (the Navier–Stokes equations), the majority of established control system design assumes models of much greater simplicity, in that they are: firstly, linear; secondly, described by ordinary differential equations (ODEs); and thirdly, finite-dimensional. With this in mind, we present a set of techniques that enables the disparity between such models and the underlying flow system to be quantified in a fashion that informs the subsequent design of feedback flow controllers, specifically those based on the $\mathscr{H}_{\infty }$ loop-shaping approach. Highlights include the application of a model refinement technique as a means of obtaining low-order models with an associated bound that quantifies the closed-loop degradation incurred by using such finite-dimensional approximations of the underlying flow. In addition, we demonstrate how the influence of the nonlinearity of the flow can be attenuated by a linear feedback controller that employs high loop gain over a select frequency range, and offer an explanation for this in terms of Landahl’s theory of sheared turbulence. To illustrate the application of these techniques, an $\mathscr{H}_{\infty }$ loop-shaping controller is designed and applied to the problem of reducing perturbation wall shear stress in plane channel flow. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) results demonstrate robust attenuation of the perturbation shear stresses across a wide range of Reynolds numbers with a single linear controller.
Effect of Adding a Cell Wall Degrading Enzyme to a Total Mixed Ration for Lactating Cows (1996)

<h2>Abstract</h2> The objective of this study was to examine the effects of an enzyme additive containing cellulase and xylanase enzymes in a total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating cows. Multiparous Holsteins were used in a 52-d trial from August to October, 1994. Treatments were control (no additive) and enzyme additive (Rumenase®). Both groups (approximately 85 cows per pen) were fed a TMR composed of alfalfa hay; corn silage, beet pulp, whole cottonseed, rolled barley, rolled corn, molasses supplement, protein pellet, and condensed whey. Cows on the enzyme additive treatment received in their TMR, 1.7L of enzyme concentrate per tonne of TMR forage DM. The enzyme concentrate was diluted with 946L of water and sprayed on the TMR before the mix was offered to the treatment pen. Daily milk production for cows that entered the trial less than or equal to 40 DIM was significantly higher (P<0.01) for the group fed the enzyme-treated TMR (43.9 vs 43.0 kg/d). No differences were detected for cows that entered the trial at more than 40 DIM. Cows supplemented with the enzyme additive had significantly higher plasma urea N concentrations than control cows (18.1 vs 15.0 mg/100 mg). Apparent digestibilities of DM, CP, ADF, or NDF were not different between control and enzyme additive groups. The application of a commercial enzyme mixture to a TMR may increase milk production in early lactation.