gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Mechanism and Enantioselectivity of Halohydrin Dehalogenase from <i>Agrobacterium radiobacter</i> (2003)

Halohydrin dehalogenase (HheC) from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 catalyzes the reversible intramolecular nucleophilic displacement of a halogen by a hydroxyl group in vicinal haloalcohols, producing the corresponding epoxides. The enzyme displays high enantioselectivity toward some aromatic halohydrins. To understand the kinetic mechanism and enantioselectivity of the enzyme, steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic analysis was performed with p-nitro-2-bromo-1-phenylethanol (PNSHH) as a model substrate. Steady-state kinetic analyses indicated that the k(cat) of the enzyme with the (R)-enantiomer (22 s(-1)) is 3-fold higher than with the (S)-enantiomer and that the K(m) for the (R)-enantiomer (0.009 mM) is about 45-fold lower than that for the (S)-enantiomer, resulting in a high enantiopreference for the (R)-enantiomer. Product inhibition studies revealed that HheC follows an ordered Uni Bi mechanism for both enantiomers, with halide as the first product to be released. To identify the rate-limiting step in the catalytic cycle, pre-steady-state experiments were performed using stopped-flow and rapid-quench methods. The results revealed the existence of a pre-steady-state burst phase during conversion of (R)-PNSHH, whereas no such burst was observed with the (S)-enantiomer. This indicates that a product release step is rate-limiting for the (R)-enantiomer but not for the (S)-enantiomer. This was further examined by doing single-turnover experiments, which revealed that during conversion of the (R)-enantiomer the rate of bromide release is 21 s(-1). Furthermore, multiple turnover analyses showed that the binding of (R)-PNSHH is a rapid equilibrium step and that the rate of formation of product ternary complex is 380 s(-1). Taken together, these findings enabled the formulation of an ordered Uni Bi kinetic mechanism for the conversion of (R)-PNSHH by HheC in which all of the rate constants are obtained. The high enantiopreference for the (R)-enantiomer can be explained by weak substrate binding of the (S)-enantiomer and a lower rate of reaction at the active site.
Effects of Microporous Layers in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2005)

Our previous models and a catalyst-layer model are combined to study the effects of microporous layers in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. The combined sandwich model is used to fit data both with and without a microporous layer with saturated feed conditions. In terms of water management, the simulations clearly show that the effect of a microporous layer is to keep water out of the cathode gas diffusion layer and move it through the anode. Additional effects of microporous layers include better ohmic behavior and perhaps better catalyst utilization, among other things. Optimizations for different structural parameters are investigated, as are the effects of microporous layers under different operating conditions. The discussion is geared toward how microporous layers increase performance and their effect on fuel cell water management.
Real time medical telemonitoring of sustainable health care measuring devices (2009)

Sylvatic circulation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in warthogs and <i>Ornithodoros</i> ticks that live in warthog burrows historically occurred in northern South Africa. Outbreaks of the disease in domestic pigs originated in this region. A controlled area was declared in the north in 1935 and regulations were implemented to prevent transfer of potentially infected suids or products to the rest of the country. However, over the past six decades, warthogs have been widely translocated to the south where the extralimital animals have flourished to become an invasive species. Since 2016, there have been outbreaks of ASF in pigs outside the controlled area that cannot be linked to transfer of infected animals or products from the north. An investigation in 2008-2012 revealed that the presence of <i>Ornithodoros</i> ticks and ASFV in warthog burrows extended marginally across the boundary of the controlled area. We found serological evidence of ASFV circulation in extralimital warthogs further south in the central part of the country.
Overexpression of Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) and Chromosomal Instability in Bladder Cancer (2006)

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) participates in bipolar spindle formation and entry into mitosis. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is caused by abnormalities in spindle formation and chromosome segregation. In this study, we investigated the relationship of PLK1 overexpression to CIN, and compared the PLK1 status with clinicopathological parameters in 101 human urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder. Expression of PLK1 and the number of centrosomes were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Numerical aberrations of chromosomes 7, 9 and 17 spots that allowed estimation of CIN were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and DNA ploidy was assessed by laser scanning cytometry. Cancers with a large intercellular variation in centromere copy number were defined as CIN cancers. Tumors with PLK1 overexpression were associated more frequently with CIN (p < 0.0001), DNA aneuploidy (p = 0.0007) and centrosome amplification (p = 0.0013) than those without. Overexpression of PLK1 was significantly related to higher pathological grade (p = 0.0024), multiple tumors (p = 0.0241) and positive urine cytology (p = 0.0192). These data suggest that a high level expression of PLK1 confers tumor progression advantages to urothelial cancer cells, although other factors are also involved.
A five function IC for television receivers (1969)

Five circuit functions required in a television (TV) receiver - namely, the sync separator vertical take off, horizontal oscillator, automatic frequency control (AFC), automatic phase control (APC), and a noise blanking circuit - have been successfully combined in a single monolithic chip. This approach demanded a deviation from accepted discrete design principles and resulted in circuitry requiring only one half as many total components as previously used, while at the same time giving superior performance. Some features, besides the obvious space and power dissipation advantages common to IC technology, include the elimination of a feed-back winding on the fly back transformer for the APC and the elimination of the horizontal hold control. Also deemed important is the complete lack of coils or transformers for the oscillator itself. This work exdmines the individual circuits within the monolithic structure as well as the ancillary components required for functional performance.
Dietary prebiotics: current status and new definition (2010)

In November 2008, a group of scientists met at the 6th Meeting of the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) in London, Ontario, Canada, to discuss the functionality of prebiotics. As a result of this, it was concluded that the prebiotic field is currently dominated by gastrointestinal events. However, in the future, it may be the case that other mixed microbial ecosystems may be modulated by a prebiotic approach, such as the oral cavity, skin and the urogenital tract. Therefore, a decision was taken to build upon the current prebiotic status and define a niche for ‘dietary prebiotics’. This review is co-authored by the working group of ISAPP scientists and sets the background for defining a dietary prebiotic as ‘‘a selectively fermented ingredient that results in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon host health’’.
Computer programs used to aid in the selection of DNA hybridization probes (1984)

This paper describes a package of three programs which used together aid in selecting the best possible sequence to be used as a DNA hybridization probe. This system searches an amino acid sequence for four adjacent amino acids with the fewest possible corresponding mRNA sequences, calculates their probability of occurrence, and locates the positions of wobbles and mismatches between the DNA hybridization probe and the possible mRNA sequences.
Optimized Data Fusion In An Intelligent Integrated Gps/Ins System Using Genetic Algorithm (2007)

Most integrated inertial navigation systems (INS) and global positioning systems (GPS) have been implemented using the Kalman filtering technique with its drawbacks related to the need for predefined INS error model and observability of at least four satellites. Most recently, a method using a hybrid-adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has been proposed which is trained during the availability of GPS signal to map the error between the GPS and the INS. Then it will be used to predict the error of the INS position components during GPS signal blockage. This paper introduces a genetic optimization algorithm that is used to update the ANFIS parameters with respect to the INS/GPS error function used as the objective function to be minimized. The results demonstrate the advantages of the genetically optimized ANFIS for INS/GPS integration in comparison with conventional ANFIS specially in the cases of satellites- outages. Coping with this problem plays an important role in assessment of the fusion approach in land navigation.
A dual role of the putative RNA dimerization initiation site of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in genomic RNA packaging and proviral DNA synthesis (1996)

In retroviruses, the genomic RNA is in the form of a 60S-70S complex composed of two identical genome-length RNA molecules tightly associated through numerous interactions. A major interaction, called the dimer linkage structure, has been found near the RNA 5' end and is probably involved in the control of translation, packaging, and recombination during proviral DNA synthesis. Recently, a small sequence corresponding to a stem-loop structure located in the 5' leader of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA was found to be required for the initiation of HIV-1 RNA dimerization in vitro and named the dimerization initiation site (E. Skripkin, J.-C. Paillart, R. Marquet, B. Ehresmann, and C. Ehresmann, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 4945-4949, 1994). To investigate the possible role of this 5' stem-loop in HIV-1 virion formation and infectivity, four mutant viruses were generated and analyzed in vivo. Results show that deletion of the stem-loop structure reduces infectivity by a factor of 10(3) whereas loop substitutions cause a decrease of 10- to 100-fold. The level of genomic RNA packaging was found to be decreased fivefold in mutants virions containing the stem-loop deletion and only twofold in the loop-substituted virions. Surprisingly, the second DNA strand transfer during reverse transcription was found to be severely impaired upon stem-loop deletion. Taken together, these results indicate that the stem-loop structure called the dimerization initiation site is a cis element acting on both genomic RNA packaging and synthesis of proviral DNA.
IN VIVO DEPLETION OF XENOREACTIVE NATURAL ANTIBODIES WITH AN ANTI-μ MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY1,2 (1993)

Hyperacute rejection of vascularized discordant xenografts, such as pig-to-primate kidney or heart xenotransplants, is thought to be mediated by xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNA) of the IgM isotype and the activation of the classic pathway of complement. Using the guinea pig-to-rat discordant xenograft model, we have developed a potential therapeutic protocol leading to long-term depletion of circulating IgM in adult animals. This protocol consists of the injection into adult LOU/C rats of an antirat IgM MAb (MARM-7) after splenectomy, plasma exchange, and the administration of an anti-B cell immunosuppressant, mycophenylate mofetil (RS61443). Splectomized plasma exchanged adult rats receiving RS61443 showed strongly decreased IgG and IgM serum concentrations for a relatively short period during which these isotypes remained nevertheless detectable by a sensitive ELISA technique. In contrast to IgM, IgG in serum returned, shortly after the end of this treatment, to normal concentrations. Splenectomy alone was able to significantly decrease, for a long period (more than 70 days), IgM but not IgG serum concentrations in these rats. During this treatment, IgM XNA concentration mirrored total IgM. The injection of MARM-7 MAb to adult LOU/C rats was able to deplete circulating IgM and IgM XNA for a period of several weeks during which IgM was undetectable by a sensitive ELISA technique. Depletion time was dose-dependent--the higher the dose of injected MARM-7, the longer the period for which IgM and IgM XNA remained undetectable. Moreover depletion of circulating IgM was correlated with the detection in the serum of these rats of noncomplexed, free MARM-7. Finally, MARM-7 administration was significantly more efficacious in rats that had decreased levels of circulating IgM after splenectomy, plasma exchange, and administration of RS61443. These experiments suggest that the anti-mu approach may allow depletion of IgM XNA for a sufficiently long period to test the hypothesis of "accommodation" in other xenograft models such as the pig-to-primate xenograft or even in ABO-incompatible allografts.
Liquid chromatographic separation of anomeric forms of saccharides with cyclodextrin bonded phases (1989)

A brief review of sugar stereochemistry is given. The separation of 34 different pairs of anomers was accomplished on both alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin columns. Five different mobile phases were evaluated. The separation of anomers could be enhanced or suppressed by altering the mobile-phase composition, column temperature, flow rate, and so on. The separation of anomers that mutarotate is somewhat more difficult than those that do not. Prior knowledge as to the rate of mutarotation is useful so that the chromatographic conditions can be arranged to minimize any deleterious effects on the separation.
Homoneura patelliformis (Becker, 1895) and H. thalhammeri Papp, 1979, the actual species comprising the Lauxaniid taxa hitherto known in Britain as H. consobrina (Zetterstedt, 1847) (1994)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Analysis and iterative equalization of transient and adiabatic chirp effects in DML-based OFDM transmission systems (2012)

This work theoretically studies the transmission performance of a DML-based OFDM system by small-signal approximation, and the model considers both the transient and adiabatic chirps. The dispersion-induced distortion is modeled as subcarrier-to-subcarrier intermixing interference (SSII), and the theoretical SSII agrees with the distortion obtained from large-signal simulation statistically and deterministically. The analysis shows that the presence of the adiabatic chirp will ease power fading or even provide gain, but will increase the SSII to deteriorate OFDM signals after dispersive transmission. Furthermore, this work also proposes a novel iterative equalization to eliminate the SSII. From the simulation, the distortion could be effectively mitigated by the proposed equalization such that the maximum transmission distance of the DML-based OFDM signal is significantly improved. For instance, the transmission distance of a 30-Gbps DML-based OFDM signal can be extended from 10 km to more than 100 km. Besides, since the dispersion-induced distortion could be effectively mitigated by the equalization, negative power penalties are observed at some distances due to chirp-induced power gain.
Aluminum backside segregation (1996)

Aluminum backside gettering of iron was quantitatively characterized and distinguished from effects of precipitation or back surface fields. It is shown that for high impurity concentrations, precipitation increases minority carrier diffusion lengths. This effect is small compared to the diffusion length increases from aluminum gettering. Segregation coefficients (S) for iron between silicon and the backside aluminum were found exceeding 10/sup 6/ and there are indications for S up to 10/sup 7/.
Agents for Wireless Sensor Network Power Management (2005)

The primary function of wireless sensor networks is data acquisition or monitoring of some medium, such as temperature. In many instances these networks are deployed throughout inaccessible or hazardous regions meaning frequent maintenance such as battery replacement is undesirable and in some cases impossible. Intelligent power management for these devices is critical in maximizing the networks life span and ultimately will dictate the success of such deployments. This longevity must, however, be achieved while maintaining the integrity of the sensory data harvested by the network. Due to the inherent distributed nature of wireless sensor networks, intelligent software agents lend themselves to performing this power management in such a distributed domain. In this paper we examine some of the potential decisions an agent may face regarding intelligent power management and we look at how the stronger notion of agency could be employed to allow a richer deliberation regarding potential decisions. Allowing more adaptive control of WSNs in light of their computationally challenged nature.
Injection therapy for prostatic disease: A renaissance concept (2008)

Injection therapy is a promising minimally invasive treatment option for various prostatic conditions and has been examined for over 100 years. Further experience in systematic laboratory research and completion of currently ongoing clinical trials is necessary before widespread clinical application.
Dietary Sodium Intake and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Stable Heart Failure (2013)

Background: Dietary sodium restriction is an essential component of self-care behavior for improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with heart failure (HF). However, there is little direct evidence about the impact of dietary sodium restriction on HRQoL. The purpose of this study ...
A comparison of LMS adaptive cancellers implemented in the frequency domain and the time domain (1981)

Adaptive cancelling can be performed in the frequency domain with significant computational savings over time-domain implementations. This paper considers the statistical behavior of a frequency-domain adaptive canceller with white noise inputs, and develops expressions for the mean and variance of the adaptive filter weights, and for the mean-square error (MSE). These are compared to the behavior of a time-domain canceller with the same inputs through a combination of analysis and simulation. It is shown that the performance of the two algorithms can differ significantly due to the effects of block processing in the FFT. However, conditions are given under which the two implementations are essentially equivalent for white noise inputs so that the frequency-domain algorithm can be used to predict the mean, variance, time response, and MSE of the time-domain algorithm.
Enrichment of bifidobacteria from human gut contents by oligofructose using continuous culture (1994)

Chemostat cultures of human faecal bacteria were used to determine the bifidogenic effect of oligofructose, a fermentable carbohydrate found in a number of plants. In single stage continuous culture, oligofructose preferentially enriched for bifidobacteria, in comparison to sucrose and inulin. This stimulatory effect was enhanced at a high dilution rate, high substrate concentration and low pH. These parameters are likely to approximate to those that occur in the proximal colon. Studies with a three-stage continuous culture model of the large intestine confirmed the bifidogenic effect of oligofructose. These in vitro data indicate that an increase in the concentration of fructose-based oligosaccharides in the diet may alter the balance of the gut microflora towards bifidobacteria, a purported health-promoting genus.
Spectral Efficiency and Resolution of Si(Li)-Detectors for Photon Energies between 0.3 keV and 5 keV (1986)

The spectral efficiencies of energy dispersive Si(Li) photon counters have been measured using the storage ring BESSY as a radiometric standard source of extremely low photon flux of the order of 1 photon/(s eV). The detectors were irradiated with white synchrotron radia-tion when the storage ring was operated with only about 5 electrons stored. For energy calibration and measurement of the energy resolution X-ray emission lines excited by a 55-Fe source were used. Towards lower photon energies the efficiency is drastically decreased by the building-up of an ice-layer on the permanently cooled detector. By this surface contamination also the energy resolution of the detector is affected. The performance of detector can be recovered by a warming-up procedure.
Improved Flux-Concentration Type Electromagnetic Pump Based on Controlled Eddy Currents (1993)

The electromagnetic pump proposed by the authors is concerned with the magnetic shielding effect of eddy currents in a conductive plate. In this paper we use FEM analysis to examine the shape of a copper plate for controlling eddy currents, and compare our findings with measured results. The proposed T-shaped plate improves shielding and reduces eddy-current losses compared with existing pumps. We also confirmed an improvement of the thrust force when used in a closed system for circulating a liquid alloy.
A Viroid-like RNA Isolated from Grapevine Has High Sequence Homology with Hop Stunt Viroid (1985)

SUMMARY Viroid-like RNA was isolated from some samples of grapevine leaves (Vitis vinifera L.). When inoculated to cucumber, this RNA induced symptoms that were identical to those induced by hop stunt viroid (HSV). It had a molecular size similar to that of HSV, and hybridized with a 32P-labelled DNA probe for the cucumber isolate of HSV (HSV-c, pCP-55). This hybridization suggests high (> 55%) sequence homology with HSV. The HSV-related sequence was detected not only in the infected cucumber plants but also directly in RNA extracted from grapevine plants. The result indicates that viroid-like RNA, closely related to HSV, is present in grapevines in Japan.
Analysis of throughput in a ZigBee network under the presence of WLAN interference (2007)

In this paper, we analyze the operation of ZigBee devices under the presence of WLAN interference and formulate a mathematical model for evaluating the performance of ZigBee devices. Our proposed mathematical model for ZigBee devices is based on a Markov chain concept.We here utilize the fact that the transmission power of WLAN devices is set hundred to thousand times higher than that of ZigBee devices. Thus, we assume WLAN devices interfere with ZigBee devices, but the ZigBee devices do not. The throughput of a ZigBee network is derived for varying the input load of WLAN interference. The result shows that analytical results obtained from the mathematical model agree well with simulation results.
Quantitative and ultrastructural studies of excimer laser ablation of the cornea at 193 and 248 nanometers (1987)

Excimer laser radiation at 193 nm and 248 nm was used to create linear etch perforations of enucleated calf corneas. The etch depth per pulse was determined for various exposures, and specimens were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Compared to 248 nm, excimer laser ablation at 193 nm was found to have a lower threshold for onset of ablation, less increase in etch depth per pulse at increasing fluences, and less structural alteration in adjacent cornea. For 193 nm, structural alterations were minimal, confined to an area less than 0.3 micron wide, and did not increase with increasing fluence. These studies suggest that clinical strategies for excimer laser refractive surgery will employ the 193-nm wavelength, with fluence chosen depending on surgical strategy. Ablation exposures above 600 mJ/cm2 at 193 nm may give the most repeatable etch depth.