gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of glycerol and water content on the structure and properties of extruded starch plastic sheets during aging (1997)

The properties of starch plastic sheets were investigated by stress—strain measurements in relation with starch crystallinity. Granular potato starch was plasticized with different amounts of glycerol and water by extrusion. The materials were amorphous directly after processing. During aging above the glass transition temperature at various humidities single helical (V and E-type) and double helical (B-type) crystallinity was formed. The rate of crystallization is a function of water and glycerol content. The amorphous rubbery materials were soft and weak with high elongations. During aging the materials became less flexible with higher elastic modulus and tensile stress. The changes are related to changes in water content and glass transition temperature and to changes in B-type crystallinity. The changes in stress—strain properties are explained by the formation of helical structures and crystals, which results in a reinforcement of the starch network by physical crosslinking. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1411–1422, 1997
Flagellin Stimulates Protective Lung Mucosal Immunity: Role of Cathelicidin-Related Antimicrobial Peptide (2010)

TLRs are required for generation of protective lung mucosal immune responses against microbial pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the TLR5 ligand flagellin on stimulation of antibacterial mucosal immunity in a lethal murine Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia model. The intranasal pretreatment of mice with purified P. aeruginosa flagellin induced strong protection against intratracheal P. aeruginosa-induced lethality, which was attributable to markedly improved bacterial clearance, reduced dissemination, and decreased alveolar permeability. The protective effects of flagellin on survival required TLR5 and were observed even in the absence of neutrophils. Flagellin induced strong induction of innate genes, most notably the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide. Finally, flagellin-induced protection was partially abrogated in cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide-deficient mice. Our findings illustrate the profound stimulatory effect of flagellin on lung mucosal innate immunity, a response that might be exploited therapeutically to prevent the development of gram-negative bacterial infection of the respiratory tract.
Generating Sufficiency-based Non-Synthetic Perturbed Data (2008)

Abstract. The mean vector and covariance matrix are sufficient statistics when the un‐ derlying distribution is multivariate normal. Many type of statistical analyses used in practice rely on the assumption of multivariate normality (Gaussian model). For these analyses, maintaining the mean vector and covariance matrix of the masked data to be the same as that of the original data implies that if the masked data is analyzed using these techniques, the results of such analysis will be the same as that using the original data. For numerical confidential data, a recently proposed perturbation method makes it possible to maintain the mean vector and covariance matrix of the masked data to be exactly the same as the original data. However, as it is currently proposed, the per‐ turbed values from this method are considered synthetic because they are generated without considering the values of the confidential variables (and are based only on the non‐confidential variables). Some researchers argue that synthetic data results in infor‐ mation loss. In this study, we provide a new methodology for generating non‐synthetic perturbed data that maintains the mean vector and covariance matrix of the masked data to be exactly the same as the original data while offering a selectable degree of similarity between original and perturbed data. 1
Combinatorial effect of maytansinol and radiation in<i>Drosophila</i>and human cancer cells (2011)

Combination therapy, in which two or more agents are applied, is more effective than single therapies for combating cancer. For this reason, combinations of chemotherapy with radiation are being explored in clinical trials, albeit with an empirical approach. We developed a screen to identify, from the onset, molecules that act in vivo in conjunction with radiation, using Drosophila as a model. Screens through two small molecule libraries from the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program yielded microtubule poisons; this class of agents is known to enhance the effect of radiation in mammalian cancer models. Here we report an analysis of one microtubule depolymerizing agent, maytansinol isobutyrate (NSC292222; maytansinol), in Drosophila and in human cancer cells. We find that the effect of maytansinol is p53 dependent in Drosophila cells and human cancer cells, that maytansinol enhances the effect of radiation in both systems, and that the combinatorial effect of drug and radiation is additive. We also uncover a differential sensitivity to maytansinol between Drosophila cells and Drosophila larvae, which illustrates the value of studying cell behavior in the context of a whole organism. On the basis of these results, we propose that Drosophila might be a useful model for unbiased screens through new molecule libraries to find cancer drugs for combination therapy.
Heavily doped n-type a-IGZO by F plasma treatment and its thermal stability up to 600 °C (2018)

We report the electrical properties and thermal stability of heavily doped, amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) treated with fluorine (F) plasma. When the F doping concentration in a-IGZO is 17.51 × 1021/cm−3, the a-IGZO exhibits a carrier concentration of 6 × 1019 cm−3, a resistivity of 3 × 10−3 Ω cm, and a Hall mobility of 20 cm2/V s. This indicates that F is a suitable n-type dopant in a-IGZO. The similarity of the ionic radius of F to that of oxygen (O) allows substitutional doping by replacing O with F or the occupation of the oxygen vacancy (VO) site by F and consequent reduction in defect density. The semiconducting property of a-IGZO can change into metallic behavior by F doping. The defect passivation by F incorporation is confirmed by the XPS depth profile, which reveals the significant reduction in the VO concentration due to the formation of In-F bonds. The heavily doped a-IGZO exhibits thermally stable conductivity up to 600 °C annealing and thus can be widely used for the ohmic contact of a-IGZO devices.
PARIETAL LOBE ACTIVATION IN RAPID, AUTOMATIZED NAMING BY ADULTS (2002)

Three automatic naming tasks (Wiig & Nielsen, 1999) were administered to 60 normally functioning adults. The mean time required for naming 40 single-dimension (colors, forms, numbers, and letters) and 40 dual-dimension stimuli (color-form, color-number, and color-letter combinations) were compared in young (17–38 yr.) and older (40–68 yr.) men and women. Analysis of variance for the combined groups indicated significant naming-time differences for age but not foe sex. There were no significant interaction effects. For men there was a significant naming time difference between age groups for forms, and for women for colors and forms. The sex-specific analyses indicated no significant differences in naming time based on age groups for color-form, color-number, or color-letter combinations. In a second study of adult subjects (n = 14), functional brain activity was measured with regional cerebral blood flow during the performance of the color, form, and color-form naming tasks. One subject was repeatedly measured during the performance of each task, whereas 13 subjects were measured during the performance of color-form naming. In comparison to normal reference values for rest and FAS verbal fluency, blood-flow measurements showed a consistent parietal-lobe activation during form and color-form naming, but only a slight activation during color naming. During all naming tasks, a significant frontal and frontotemporal flow decrease was seen in comparison to both rest and verbal fluency reference values. This functional brain activation pattern of a parietal increase and a frontotemporal decrease was consistently confirmed across subjects during the color-form naming task.
Advances in RF packaging technologies for next-generation wireless communications applications [RFIC] (2004)

The performance of a radio frequency integrated circuit can be dramatically affected by the package environment, yet packaging technology has received comparatively little attention compared to IC fabrication technology or RFIC design. This paper summarizes the key developments and trends in RFIC packaging, with particular attention to improvements in plastic package design, low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) flip-chip approaches, and system-in-package (SIP) implementations.
Efficient matching algorithms for the Soar/OPS5 production system (1986)

SOAR is an problem-solving and learning program intended to exhibit intelligent behavior. SOAR uses a modified form of the OPS5 production system for storage of and access to long-term knowledge. As with most programs which use production systems, the match phase of SOAR's production system dominates all other SOAR processing. This paper describes the results of an investigation of various ways of speeding up the matching process in SOAR through additions and changes to the OPS5 matching algorithm.
A scaled-up system for<i>in vitro</i>multiplication of thidiazuron-induced red raspberry shoots using a bioreactor (2010)

SUMMARYA procedure for the mass propagation of adventitious shoots regenerated from leaf explants of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) using a liquid medium-containing bioreactor system combined with gelled medium has been described. Leaf segments of the raspberry cultivars ‘Festival’, ‘Heritage’, and ‘Latham’ produced multiple buds and shoots in 4.5 µM thidiazuron (TDZ)-containing shoot induction medium within 6 – 8 weeks of culture initiation. The raspberry cultivars differed significantly with respect to their shoot regeneration and multiplication rate, with ‘Heritage’ producing the highest number of adventitious shoots per explant.TDZ supported rapid shoot proliferation at low concentrations (1.2 – 2.3 µM) in the bioreactor system, but shoot elongation was improved in medium containing 4.4 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA). BA-induced, elongated shoots rooted in the bioreactor vessel containing the same medium, but without any plant growth regulators. In vitro-derived plantlets were acclimatised and eventually established in a greenhouse and in the field. These results suggest the possibility of large-scale multiplication of raspberry shoots using a bioreactorbased system.
Optical performance of Ho:YLF Q-switched Tm:YAG laser system (2002)

The absorption cross-section of the Ho:YLF crystal is close to the emission cross-section of the Tm:YAG laser. According to the passive Q-switching theory, a giant laser pulse cannot be generated from the Ho:YLF Q-switched Tm:YAG laser system unless an internal focusing lens is utilized. In a previous work we experimentally demonstrated that passive Q-switching of the 2017-nm, flashlamp pumped Tm,Cr:YAG laser with a Ho:YLF saturable absorber could be obtained with an internal focusing lens. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the optical performance of the Ho:YLF Q-switched Tm:YAG laser system by solving the coupled rate equations. The simulation results indicate that the results obtained numerically are in good agreement with that obtained experimentally. Moreover, we study the passive Q-switching performance of the Ho:YLF Q-switched Tm:YAG laser system as functions of the reflectivity of the output coupler, the initial population of the saturable absorber ground state, the laser pumping rate, and the loss inside the laser resonator. On the other hand, assuming that a polarizer is utilized inside the laser cavity, we explore the passive Q-switching performance of the Ho:YLF Q-switched Tm:YAG laser system when the polarization of the laser light is along different direction between the two saturable absorber principal axes. Effect of the relative position between the saturable absorber and the output coupler is also investigated.
Real-time generation and high-fidelity visualization of 3D video (2004)

3D video is the ultimate image medium recording dynamic visual events in the real world as is. Recorded object behaviors can be observed from any viewpoint, because 3D video records the object's full 3D shape, motion, and precise surface properties (i.e. color and texture). This paper first describes a parallel pipeline processing method for real-time reconstructing dynamic 3D object shape from multi-view video images. Performance evaluation are given to demonstrate its effectiveness. Then, we present an algorithm of generating video texture on the reconstructed dynamic 3D object surfaces from the multi-view video images. Experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness in generating high fidelity object images from arbitrary viewpoints.
Ellipsoid decomposition of 3D-models (2003)

In this paper we present a simple technique to approximate the volume enclosed by a given triangle mesh with a set of overlapping ellipsoids. This type of geometry representation allows us to approximately reconstruct 3D-shapes from a very small amount of information being transmitted. The two central questions that we address are: how can we compute optimal fitting ellipsoids that lie in the interior of a given triangle mesh and how do we select the most significant (least redundant) subset from a huge number of candidate ellipsoids. Our major motivation for computing ellipsoid decompositions is the robust transmission of geometric objects where the receiver can reconstruct the 3D-shape even if part of the data gets lost during transmission.
Ultrahigh-efficiency apodized grating coupler using fully etched photonic crystals (2013)

We present an efficient method to design apodized grating couplers with Gaussian output profiles for efficient coupling between standard single mode fibers and silicon chips. An apodized grating coupler using fully etched photonic crystal holes on the silicon-on-insulator platform is designed, and fabricated in a single step of lithography and etching. An ultralow coupling loss of -1.74 dB (67% coupling efficiency) with a 3 dB bandwidth of 60 nm is experimentally measured.
Two-dimensional lattice linear prediction parameter estimation method and fast algorithm (2000)

This paper presents an extension of the one-dimensional (1-D) lattice (reflection coefficient) technique of linear prediction parameter estimation, first popularized by Burg, to the two-dimensional (2-D) case. The resulting fast recursive 2-D algorithm is a significant computational simplification over and an estimation improvement on previous attempts to extend the 1-D Burg linear prediction algorithm to 2-D by exploiting some newly discovered matrix structures. The technique presented here is useful for high resolution 2-D spectral analysis applications and the creation of high-resolution spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, as is illustrated.
Synthesis of 1-Amino-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazoles (1989)

A general procedure for the synthesis of 3,5-dialkyl-1-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles from 3,5-dialkyl-4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazoles using the 3,5-dialkyl-1,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium salts as intermediates is described. The parent compounds 1-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole is not available by this method but can be prepared by electrophilic monoamination of the 1,2,4-triazolide anion.
Blind Fastener Is Easy To Install (1982)

Panels, sheets, doors and other structures could be easily attached to and removed from mating part by proposed new fastener. Fastener is permanently anchored in removable part only. Its protruding end is inserted into a hole in mating part. When wedge pin is screwed tightly closed, segmented collar contracts or expands to release parts or to grip them. Installation has no loose parts, and no rear nut is needed.
Effects of pico-tesla electromagnetic field treatment on wound healing in rats (2003)

Exposure to the PTEF caused no adverse effects on clinicopathologic, histologic, or bacteriologic variables tested in this study. It appears that PTEF is a safe form of adjuvant treatment for wounds and improves strength of sutured wounds and speeds contraction of open wounds.
[A simple and effective method for isolation of DNA from fossil bones for subsequent amplification using the polymerase chain reaction]. (1993)

A method for DNA extraction from fossil bones based on DNA water elution from the bone powder is proposed. The method allows extraction of paleo-DNA from the great number of bone specimens simultaneously within one day and in quantities sufficient for DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction.
41.5L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : LCDs: How Fast is Enough? (2001)

Abstract The switching speed has become critical once again for LCDs to enter the TV market. In this report, three motion artifacts resulting from the slow response are identified: decrease of dynamic contrast ratio, stroboscopic motion, and blurred edge. It is shown that the first two artifacts disappear completely when the response time is less than 1 frame. However, moving edges cannot maintain the sharpness even if the switching speed is infinite, due to the nature of the hold‐type displays. We show that when LCDs response within half a frame, the quality of moving images is almost as good as that of zero‐response time LCDs. Employing response‐overshoot can enhance the image quality even further.
Minimizing damage during focused-ion-beam induced desorption of hydrogen (1999)

The newly developed method of silicon surface structuring by local desorption of passivating hydrogen with a 30 keV Si+ focused ion beam has been investigated with respect to the damage induced by the irradiation. The substrate damage was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and thermal wave analysis. The measurements show that damage can be minimized if the substrate is heated to 200 °C during irradiation and dwell times below 20 μs are used for the exposure, even at a dose of 2×1015 cm−2, which exceeds the minimum dose required to define a feature by a factor of 10. The irradiated surfaces remain flat after KOH etching, the surface roughness being smaller than 0.3 nm for all samples.
Covariance nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2004)

Covariance nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is introduced, which is a new scheme for establishing nuclear spin correlations from NMR experiments. In this method correlated spin dynamics is directly displayed in terms of a covariance matrix of a series of one-dimensional (1D) spectra. In contrast to two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform NMR, in a covariance spectrum the spectral resolution along the indirect dimension is determined by the favorable spectral resolution obtainable along the detection dimension, thereby reducing the time-consuming sampling requirement along the indirect dimension. The covariance method neither involves a second Fourier transformation nor does it require separate phase correction or apodization along the indirect dimension. The new scheme is demonstrated for cross-relaxation (NOESY) and J-coupling based magnetization transfer (TOCSY) experiments.
In Vitro Drug Interaction Modeling of Combinations of Azoles with Terbinafine against Clinical<i>Scedosporium prolificans</i>Isolates (2002)

The in vitro interaction between terbinafine and the azoles voriconazole, miconazole, and itraconazole against five clinical Scedosporium prolificans isolates after 48 and 72 h of incubation was tested by a microdilution checkerboard (eight-by-twelve) technique. The antifungal effects of the drugs alone and in combination on the fungal biomass as well as on the metabolic activity of fungi were measured using a spectrophotometric method and two colorimetric methods, based on the lowest drug concentrations showed 75 and 50% growth inhibition (MIC-1 and MIC-2, respectively). The nature and the intensity of the interactions were assessed using a nonparametric approach (fractional inhibitory concentration [FIC] index model) and a fully parametric response surface approach (Greco model) of the Loewe additivity (LA) no-interaction theory as well as a nonparametric (Prichard model) and a semiparametric response surface approaches of the Bliss independence (BI) no-interaction theory. Statistically significant synergy was found between each of the three azoles and terbinafine in all cases, although with different intensities. A 27- to 64-fold and 16- to 90-fold reduction of the geometric mean of the azole and terbinafine MICs, respectively, was observed when they were combined, resulting in FIC indices of <1 to 0.02. Using the MIC-1 higher levels of synergy were obtained, which were more consistent between the two incubation periods than using the MIC-2. The strongest synergy among the azoles was found with miconazole using the BI-based models and with voriconazole using the LA-based models. The synergistic effects both on fungal growth and metabolic activity were more potent after 72 h of incubation. Fully parametric approaches in combination with the modified colorimetric method might prove useful for testing the in vitro interaction of antifungal drugs against filamentous fungi.
Mesalazine: A Global Safety Evaluation (1990)

The potential benefit of sulphasalazine in inflammatory bowel disease is limited by the wide variety of side effects that occur in about one-third of treated patients. Most of the side effects of sulphasalazine are due to the sulphapyridine moiety. Claversal has the advantage of delivering the active ingredient of sulphasalazine--mesalazine--without the undesirable effects of sulphapyridine. Four international multicentre trials involving 932 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease compared 0.75 g/day or 1.5 g/day mesalazine, 1.5 g/day or 3.0 g/day sulphasalazine, or placebo. Forty-seven (14%) of 331 patients receiving mesalazine reported adverse events, whereas 33 (23%) of 144 patients receiving sulphasalazine and 23 (19%) of 123 patients receiving placebo reported adverse effects. When lower doses of both mesalazine (0.75 g/day) and sulphasalazine (1.5 to 2.0 g/day) were evaluated in a maintenance trial, the percentage of adverse events was similar for both drugs--14% and 12%, respectively. In these trials the incidence of adverse effects was similar with both doses of mesalazine; however, doubling the sulphasalazine dose resulted in a twofold increase in adverse effects. In contrast, mesalazine appeared not to induce dose-related effects, suggesting that patients may be able to tolerate even higher mesalazine doses than those studied. The withdrawal rate owing to adverse events in all four controlled trials was similar for patients treated with mesalazine (6%) and sulphasalazine (8%). Results of an open postmarketing sampling trial of just over 1700 patients in Germany showed a low overall incidence of adverse effects (3%) with mesalazine and none of the rare, more serious effects, such as hepatoxicity, agranulocytosis, or pulmonary complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Review ductile iron: fifty years of continuous development (1998)

Abstract The discovery of Ductile Iron in 1948 gave a new lease on life to the cast iron family. By combining the castability of gray iron and the toughness of steel, Ductile Iron compelled a wide recognition as an economical choice for high performance complex ferrous parts. Fifty years of research and development have led to a material whose properties can be tailored for applications requiring high toughness, corrosion resistance or high tensile strength. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of Ductile Iron technology is reviewed. It is shown that, although considered as a mature technology, recent process and product developments open new avenues to this family of materials.