gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and the release characteristic in vitro of arsenic trioxide albumin nanospheres (2005)

Objective:To prepare and characterize arsenic trioxide albumin nanospheres (As_2O_3-BSA-NS). Methods: As_2O_3-BSA-NS was prepared by a chemical cross-inking technique. The optimal microsphere formulation was established based on the defined factors (DF) with the particle size (1μm)distribution, loading dose and drug compounding efficiency. The final arsenic trioxide albumin nanospheres were prepared by an orthogonal manufacture protocol including W/O ratio, high distribution rate, BSA concentration and blending solidification time. The release of the As_2O_3 from the nanosphere was assessed by a dissolution test in vitro. Results:The study showed that the most factors to prepare the nanosphere is the distribution rate (P0.01) and then BSA concentration as well as W/O ratio (P0.05). The blending solidification time had not notable contributions on the defined factors (P0.05). The slower sustained release of arsenic trioxide albumin nanosphere was attainable compared with the conventional dosage form of arsenic trioxide. Conclusion: The optimal As_2O_3-BSANS features the sustained release.
Trimerization of collagen IX alpha-chains does not require the presence of the COL1 and NC1 domains. (2008)

International audience
Infrared Spectroscopic Determination of Lactide Concentration in Polylactide:  An Improved Methodology (2006)

In this study, a new Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method for measuring lactide concentration in a polylactide (PLA) matrix is presented. The lactide ring breathing mode peak at 935 cm-1 is rationed against the asymmetric bending mode of methyl groups at 1454 cm-1; because the methyl group is present both in lactide monomer and the polymer, this ratio provides a direct measure of lactide concentration. Using well-defined mixtures of lactide and PLA, a calibration curve is established. For lactide concentrations corresponding to conversions above 75%, a linear relationship between conversion and the peak area ratio exists. Below 75% conversion, the development of a double peak at 1454 cm-1 leads to deviations from linearity; data can then be accurately represented by a second-order polynomial relating conversion to the peak area ratio. Kinetic data for the bulk polymerization of lactide at different temperatures are also obtained and independently verified using rigorous NMR techniques. Finally, conversion as a function of time calculated using the FTIR method is found to be in good agreement with the polymerization kinetics model of Witzke, Narayan, and Kolstad.
Carbon-13-proton nuclear magnetic double-resonance study of deoxyhemoglobin S gelation (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13-proton nuclear magnetic double-resonance study of deoxyhemoglobin S gelationJ. W. H. Sutherland, W. Egan, A. N. Schechter, and D. A. TorchiaCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 9, 1797–1803Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00576a025https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00576a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electronic structure of the ferroelectric layered perovskite SrBi2Ta2O9 (1996)

The band structure of the layered perovskite SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) was calculated by tight binding and the valence band density of states was measured by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. We find both the valence and conduction band edges to consist of states primarily derived from the Bi–O layer rather than the perovskite Sr–Ta–O blocks. The valence band maximum arises from O p and some Bi s states, while the conduction band minimum consists of Bi p states, with a wide band gap of 5.1 eV. It is argued that the Bi–O layers largely control the electronic response whereas the ferroelectric response originates mainly from the perovskite Sr–Ta–O block. Bi and Ta centered traps are calculated to be shallow, which may account in part for its excellent fatigue properties.
Comparison of Cul Tures of Human Lymphocytes Obtained Following Nh<sub>4</sub>Cl Induced Red Blood Cell Lysis and Ficoll-Hypaque Density Gradient Centrifugation (1983)

Lymphocyte thymidine uptake in leucocytes prepared by NH4Cl induced RBC lysis was compared with that of lymphocytes obtained following Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation using polynomial regression dose response curves which adjusted for inherent subject variability. Eleven male subjects were studied. Heparinized blood was either layered in Ficoll-Hypaque or treated with 0.87% NH4Cl to induce RBC lysis. Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA) dose response curves were determined for each subject using triplicate 5 day cultures. For each subject, at each Pha concentration ranging from 12.5 to 167micrograms/ml, triplicate mean cpm of Ficoll-Hypaque treated lymphocytes and NH4Cl treated lymphocytes were compared by the 2 tailed Student's T test. Responses of cultures of NH4Cl treated lymphocytes were significantly different (less than 0.05) from the responses of cultures of Ficoll-Hypaque treated lymphocytes for at least 2 PHA doses in 8 of the 11 subjects. The quadratic dose response curves were also significantly different (p less than 0.05) for 9 of the 11 subjects. A repeated measures quadratic regression was used to determine the best fit dose response curves for each of the experimental conditions. For Ficoll-Hypaque treated lymphocytes, mean cmp=44,977+1400.4 (PHA concentration)-5.90 (PHA concentration)2+ subject effect; s.e.=22,256; for NH4Cl treated lymphocytes, mean cpm=58,039+1022.8(Pha concentration)-5.32 (PHA concentration)2+ subject effect; s.e.=37,966. The p values from the F tests for significance of these quadratic regressions are different, F=1.91, d.f.=30,30; p less than 0.001. The lack of significance of the NH4Cl treated lymphocytes' does response quadratic regression and its larger s.e. indicates that the NH4Cl treated lymphocyte culture dose response curve is less predictable than that of Ficoll-Hypaque treated lymphocytes.
New PN code acquisition scheme for CDMA networks with low signal-to-noise ratios (1999)

A new approach to PN code acquisition is presented and analyzed. A recirculation loop is used to improve probability of synchro cell detection P/sub D/ in each retrace of the code uncertainty region. To further improve P/sub D/ and probability of false alarm P/sub fa/ simultaneously, code diversity (a number of synchro channels in parallel) is used. This is especially effective in the channel with multiple access interference and near-far effect. Typical applications are networks with very low signal-to-noise ratio. Examples are code division multiple access (CDMA) LEO satellite systems experiencing high Doppler or any CDMA network where the number of users is approaching capacity limits. Even if the carrier Doppler is compensated, in any asynchronous LEO satellite network, compensation of code Doppler is not feasible. For this reason, in order to cope with code Doppler (D) and delay (/spl tau/), a modification based on transforming the two-dimensional uncertainty region (D, /spl tau/) into a new uncertainty region (T/sub c/, /spl tau/) will be introduced. Parameter T/sub c/ is the period of the correlation pulses at the output of a sliding correlator. When Doppler rate is present, the three-dimensional uncertainty region (D, R/sub d/, /spl tau/) is transformed into a new one (T/sub c/, R/sub t/, /spl tau/) where R/sub d/ and R/sub t/ are Doppler rate and correlation pulse period change rate, respectively. The main motivation for this work is to find new algorithms suitable for all digital receiver implementation and operation at low signal-to-noise ratios. These algorithms make CDMA techniques feasible for direct communication between LEO satellite and small ground-based user terminals (handsets). A comprehensive performance study of the new PN code acquisition system is presented and discussed. The results obtained demonstrate that, for low signal-to noise ratios, the acquisition time achieved with the new algorithm is one order of magnitude shorter compared with standard techniques known so far.
A new method for separating mononuclear cells from whole blood. (1985)

The LeucoPREP tube, a new method for separating mononuclear cells from whole blood, is described. The LeucoPREP tube is a 7-ml glass tube which contains a polyester gel and a solution of a sucrose polymer and sodium diatrizoate (Histopaque, Sigma). Platelets, lymphocytes, and monocytes are separated from granulocytes and erythrocytes based on differences in density. Platelets are then removed from the mononuclear cells by washing. The yield, viability, and percentage of various cell subpopulations obtained from the LeucoPREP tube are equivalent to those obtained from standard Ficoll-based methods. However, the LeucoPREP tube is a faster, less technically demanding method than Ficoll. The major advantages of the LeucoPREP tube are that 1) whole blood is added directly into the tube, unlike Ficoll methods, in which the blood must be diluted and carefully layered; and 2) it requires a very short (10 min) centrifugation time. The LeucoPREP tube should be highly desirable to anyone processing many blood samples, for example, clinical laboratories.
Ensemble Kinetic Modeling of Metabolic Networks from Dynamic Metabolic Profiles (2012)

Kinetic modeling of metabolic pathways has important applications in metabolic engineering, but significant challenges still remain. The difficulties faced vary from finding best-fit parameters in a highly multidimensional search space to incomplete parameter identifiability. To meet some of these challenges, an ensemble modeling method is developed for characterizing a subset of kinetic parameters that give statistically equivalent goodness-of-fit to time series concentration data. The method is based on the incremental identification approach, where the parameter estimation is done in a step-wise manner. Numerical efficacy is achieved by reducing the dimensionality of parameter space and using efficient random parameter exploration algorithms. The shift toward using model ensembles, instead of the traditional "best-fit" models, is necessary to directly account for model uncertainty during the application of such models. The performance of the ensemble modeling approach has been demonstrated in the modeling of a generic branched pathway and the trehalose pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using generalized mass action (GMA) kinetics.
Contribution des biotechnologies à la sécurite alimentaire : le cas des biofertilisants microbiens (2000)

Les biotechnologies microbiennes, susceptibles de contribuer a la securite alimentaire dans l’optique d’un developpement durable, interviennent a toutes les etapes de la production alimentaire et de la gestion des dechets qu’elle genere. Des micro-organismes sont impliques dans le maintien ou-la regeneration de la fertilite des sols agricoles, dans l’amelioration de la production vegetale, dans les nombreux processus de transformation de ces productions en aliments ou boissons fermentes et dans la depollution et la valorisation des sous-produits agricoles et i i
Micromachined Integrated Quantum Circuit Containing a Superconducting Qubit (2017)

The next step in building quantum computers is to develop hardware architectures that allow scalability without sacrificing coherence. Future designs seem headed toward multilayered circuits with embedded three-dimensional structures and superconducting coatings. The authors demonstrate a multilayered integrated quantum circuit, combining a micromachined microwave cavity resonator with a superconducting qubit. They address the mechanism of coupling and its control, engineering considerations that affect coherence times, and challenges in fabrication such as superconductor bonding.
Tibial high-density polyethylene wear in conforming tibiofemoral prostheses (1993)

We have studied 27 tibial prostheses retrieved from knee replacements after 1 to 9 years. In 22 the femoral components were of cobalt-chrome, in five polyacetal. The design of the components gave a nominal contact area of 320 mm2 on each condyle. The tibial component was of high-density polyethylene (HDP) at least 6 mm thick, and not heat-treated. In the metal/HDP prostheses the average wear rate was 0.025 mm/year. The relative wear on the medial and lateral sides was related to the leg axis. None of the retrieved prostheses showed any severe disruption of their surface. The polyacetal/HDP prostheses showed similar wear with a statistically insignificant trend towards slower penetration. We conclude that the rate of wear of HDP in a conforming tibiofemoral bearing with a fixed tibial component at least 6 mm thick and not heat-treated is slow enough to be safe in clinical practice.
Endothelin‐1 activates ET<scp>A</scp>receptors to cause reflex scratching in BALB/c mice (2007)

ET-1 is a potent endogenous activator of reflex scratching (itch). Mechanisms for ET-induced scratching are considered, including direct action of ET-1 on pruriceptive nerve endings and indirect actions via release of endogenous mediators such as histamine from mast cells. ET-1 and ET(A) receptors, possibly also ET(B) receptors, are potential targets for developing specific anti-pruritic drugs to treat pruritic skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis.
Rare Expression of High-Molecular-Weight Cytokeratin in Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate Gland (1999)

Immunohistochemistry with antibodies for high-molecular-weight cytokeratin labels basal cells and is used as an ancillary study in diagnosing prostate carcinoma, which reportedly lacks expression of high-molecular-weight cytokeratin. A recent report questioned the specificity of this marker, describing immunopositivity for high-molecular-weight cytokeratin in a small series of metastatic prostate cancer. We have also noted rare cases of prostate lesions on biopsy with typical histological features of adenocarcinoma showing immunopositivity for high-molecular-weight cytokeratin, either in tumor cells or in patchy cells with the morphology of basal cells. In some of these cases, it was difficult to distinguish cancer from out-pouching of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. To investigate whether prostate cancer cells express high-molecular-weight cytokeratin, we studied 100 cases of metastatic prostate carcinoma and 10 cases of prostate cancer invading the seminal vesicles from surgical specimens. Metastatic sites included regional lymph nodes (n = 67), bone (n = 19), and miscellaneous (n = 14). Cases with any positivity for high-molecular-weight cytokeratin antibody (34betaE12) were verified as being of prostatic origin with immunohistochemistry for prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific acid phosphatase. Only four cases were detected positive for high-molecular-weight cytokeratin. In two cases (one metastasis, one seminal vesicle invasion) there was weakly diffuse positivity above background level. Two metastases in lymph nodes showed scattered strong staining of clusters of tumor cells, which represented <0.2% of tumor cells in the metastatic deposits. These positive cells did not have the morphology of basal cells. We conclude that prostate cancer, even high grade, only rarely expresses high-molecular-weight cytokeratin. This marker remains a very useful adjunct in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Large-Scale Field Study of Landfill Covers at Sandia National Laboratories (1998)

A large-scale field demonstration comparing final landfill cover designs has been constructed and is currently being monitored at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Two conventional designs (a RCRA Subtitle `D' Soil Cover and a RCRA Subtitle `C' Compacted Clay Cover) were constructed side-by-side with four alternative cover test plots designed for dry environments. The demonstration is intended to evaluate the various cover designs based on their respective water balance performance, ease and reliability of construction, and cost. This paper presents an overview of the ongoing demonstration.
On lamellar organization in certain polyethylene spherulites (1978)

Abstract The lamellar structure of certain polyethylene spherulites grown very slowly at low supercoolings (regime I crystallization) has been exposed by using new techniques. A highly regular texture is found whose main element is ridged sheets of alternating {201} facets, ca. 1 pm wide, growing outwards with b as spherulitic radius. The first-formed sheets enclose columns of melt leading to the lateral segregation of slower crystallizing species and eventually to mimicry of a fibrous habit with a breadth and cross section controlled by the facet width. Although the morphology is similar to that expected according to the theory of Keith & Padden (1963), the facet width is ca. 10~5 of their characteristic length Apparently additional factors need to be invoked to explain spherulitic crystallization under conditions of extremely slow growth. {201} facets agree with earlier predictions but it is considered that folds cannot lie exclusively in {200} planes. The sectored morphology with its regular geometry indicates that folds have a preferred shape and that fold surfaces are ordered to an extent. The degree of ordering decreases for lower crystallization temperatures and for longer molecules.
Peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates as nanoscale building blocks for assembly of an artificial three-helix protein mimic (2016)

Peptide-based structures can be designed to yield artificial proteins with specific folding patterns and functions. Template-based assembly of peptide units is one design option, but the use of two orthogonal self-assembly principles, oligonucleotide triple helix and a coiled coil protein domain formation have never been realized for de novo protein design. Here, we show the applicability of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates for self-assembly of higher-ordered protein-like structures. The resulting nano-assemblies were characterized by ultraviolet-melting, gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. These studies revealed the formation of the desired triple helix and coiled coil domains at low concentrations, while a dimer of trimers was dominating at high concentration. CD spectroscopy showed an extraordinarily high degree of α-helicity for the peptide moieties in the assemblies. The results validate the use of orthogonal self-assembly principles as a paradigm for de novo protein design.
A Continuously Sensitive Diffusion Cloud Chamber (1939)

Supersaturation necessary for condensation of a vapor upon ions is maintained continuously by the diffusion of an initially warm saturated vapor through a noncondensing gas into a refrigerated region. Convection is avoided by diffusion vertically downward between a horizontal heated roof and refrigerated floor. Calculations show what flux of vapor and what roof and floor temperatures are necessary. Experiment shows that this diffusion cloud chamber operates as expected, and with reasonable precautions it is quite stable against turbulence. Successful operation depends on avoiding production of condensation nuclei which will make a diffuse rain of condensation in the chamber. Vapor from liquid in a glass flask heated by radiation from above has been found to be practically free of aggregates. The chamber cannot produce satisfactory ion tracks in the presence of too great an average ion load. In the steady-state operation of the present apparatus the normal background ionization without shielding loads the chamber so close to its limit that most tracks are diffuse. When first applying refrigeration there is a transient condition in which many more tracks are well defined. There are several possible ways of improving the steady-state ion load capacity of the apparatus.
X-ray ray tracing simulation and flaw parameters for crack detection (2018)

NDE flaw detectability is given by flaw size such as crack length. Flaw size parameters or flaw response parameters are used to assess crack detectability. Normalized exposure is used to calculate the flaw size parameter in x-ray radiography. Detector response is used to calculate more complex flaw response parameters. The flaw size parameter provides crack indication width and crack indication amplitude parameter such as void path length ratio parameter. X-ray flaw size parameter model, given here, uses ray tracing model in two dimensions to compute flaw size parameters such as the indication width and the void path length ratio parameter. Results from an analytical model previously published by the author were compared with the ray tracing model. Two runs of ray tracing model are provided. These runs include normal and oblique incident angle x-ray. Since the revised analytical model provides better agreement with the ray tracing model for indication width and normalized exposure, it was used to provide flaw detectability assessments using contrast-to-noise ratio and net unsharpness. Film and digital detector responses are modeled in the analytical model. Modulation transfer function (MTF) is also modeled in the analytical model based on measured basic detector resolution SRb as given in ASTM E2033. Using the detector response and detector MTF, flaw response parameters are computed. Several runs of analytical model were conducted. These runs included zero and oblique incident angle x-ray; simulated film detector, simulated digital detector, micro-focus source and conventional (0.4 mm focal spot) source. Part thickness was also varied. Surface plots with crack depth on x-axis and flaw width on y-axis are provided for MTF. These runs provide plots of MTF, flaw size parameter width, void path length amplitudes, MTF accounted amplitude parameter, simulated detector signal, revealing effect of various quantities on the flaw detection parameters and crack detectability using ASTM E2698 contrast sensitivity, contrast-to-noise ratio and net unsharpness. The paper provides a method to assess and optimize capability of x-ray technique to detect cracks or cracklike flaws reliably through simulation and analysis.