gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence-based program analysis (1993)

Program analysis and optimization can be speeded up through the use of the dependence flow graph (DFG), a representation of program dependences which generalizes def-use chains and static single assignment (SSA) form. In this paper, we give a simple graph-theoretic description of the DFG and show how the DFG for a program can be constructed in O(EV) time. We then show how forward and backward dataflow analyses can be performed efficiently on the DFG, using constant propagation and elimination of partial redundancies as examples. These analyses can be framed as solutions of dataflow equations in the DFG. Our construction algorithm is of independent interest because it can be used to construct a program's control dependence graph in O(E) time and its SSA representation in O(EV) time, which are improvements over existing algorithms.
Synthesis of New Flexible Aerogels from MTMS/DMDMS via Ambient Pressure Drying (2011)

Although silica aerogel is expected to be the material for energy savings, the lack of the strength prevents from commercial applications such as to low-density thermal insulators and acoustic absorbents. To improve mechanical properties, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMS) are used as the co-precursor of aerogels in this study because the network becomes flexible due to the relatively low cross-linking density and to the unreacted methyl groups. Because of the strong hydrophobicity of MTMS/DMDMS-derived condensates, phase separation occurs, which must be suppressed in aqueous sol to obtain uniform and monolithic gel networks. We also employed surfactant n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) in starting compositions to control phase separation during a 2-step acid/base sol-gel reaction. By changing the starting composition, various microstructures of pores are obtained. In the uniaxial compression test, the aerogel showed high flexibility and spring-back to the original shape after removing the stress.
Development of a Highly Sensitive Nested-PCR Procedure Using a Single Closed Tube for Detection of <i>Erwinia amylovora</i> in Asymptomatic Plant Material (2000)

A novel method, which involves a nested PCR in a single closed tube, was developed for the sensitive detection of Erwinia amylovora in plant material. The external and internal primer pairs used had different annealing temperatures and directed the amplification of a specific DNA fragment from plasmid pEA29. The procedure involved two consecutive PCRs, the first of which was performed at a higher annealing temperature that allowed amplification only by the external primer pair. Using pure cultures of E. amylovora, the sensitivity of the nested PCR in one tube was similar to that of a standard nested PCR in two tubes. The specificity and sensitivity were greater than those of standard PCR procedures that used a single primer pair. The presence of inhibitors in plant material, very common in E. amylovora hosts, is overcome with this system in combination with a simple DNA extraction protocol because it eliminates many of the inhibitory compounds. In addition, it needs a very small sample volume (1 microl of DNA extracted). With 83 samples of naturally infected material, this method achieved better results than any other PCR technique: standard PCR detected 55% of positive samples, two-tube nested PCR detected 71% of positive samples, and nested PCR in a single closed tube detected 78% of positive samples. When analyzing asymptomatic plant material, the number of positive samples detected by the developed nested PCR was also the highest, compared with the PCR protocols indicated previously (17, 20, and 25% of 251 samples analyzed, respectively). This method is proposed for the detection of endophytic and epiphytic populations of E. amylovora in epidemiological studies and for routine use in quarantine surveys, due to its high sensitivity, specificity, speed, and simplicity.
Pain regulation by non-neuronal cells and inflammation (2016)

Acute pain is protective and a cardinal feature of inflammation. Chronic pain after arthritis, nerve injury, cancer, and chemotherapy is associated with chronic neuroinflammation, a local inflammation in the peripheral or central nervous system. Accumulating evidence suggests that non-neuronal cells such as immune cells, glial cells, keratinocytes, cancer cells, and stem cells play active roles in the pathogenesis and resolution of pain. We review how non-neuronal cells interact with nociceptive neurons by secreting neuroactive signaling molecules that modulate pain. Recent studies also suggest that bacterial infections regulate pain through direct actions on sensory neurons, and specific receptors are present in nociceptors to detect danger signals from infections. We also discuss new therapeutic strategies to control neuroinflammation for the prevention and treatment of chronic pain.
Effect of transmitter Nyquist shaping on ICI reduction in OFDM systems with carrier frequency offset (2005)

The effect of several Nyquist pulse-shapings, including the Franks pulse, the raised-cosine pulse, the ‘better than’ raised-cosine pulse, the second-order continuous window, and the polynomial pulse on inter-carrier interference reduction in OFDM systems with carrier frequency offset is studied.
Genetic Variation as a Guide to Drug Development (1998)

In Techview for September, Kleyn and Vesell discuss the field of pharmacogenomics, which uses large-scale genetic techniques to pursue drug development. Disease risk, drug resistance, and slow drug clearance are all known to be associated with particular genes. The authors review the methods for searching the human genome that may reveal connections between genetic variations and drug effectiveness and safety.
Rapid Optimization of Chemical Parameters Affecting Supported Liquid Membranes (1995)

Abstract Supported liquid membranes (SLMs) provide a flexible and selective approach to the separation and enrichment of chemical species. Traditional methods used to optimize the chemical and physical parameters of an SLM system have been found to be tedious and cumbersome. An alternative approach is suggested, and the application of the approach is demonstrated. The proposed approach depends on the optimization of principally the chemical components, with an indication of the impact of physical components on a scaled-down membrane arrangement. An in-situ measurement technique is used to monitor the effect of key parameters on important performance criteria.
Cube Index: A Text Index Model for Retrieval and Mining (2010)

Text retrieval, Analysis, Mining and Knowledge management have gained a lot of importance in a time when we drown in information but are starved for knowledge. In this paper, we propose a novel Index that uses a Text Cube model to store the text information similar to a data cube in Data Mining. This model creates a direct index, next word index and inverted index in a single Cube Index which is three dimensional in nature. The Dimensions considered are first word, next word and document. The measure of the cube is the frequency of occurrence of the word next-word pair. The cube index has been tested by modifying the open source of terrier 2.1.
Vascular Compliance Changes of the Coronary Vessel Wall After Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Implantation in the Treated and Adjacent Segments (2012)

The ABSORB scaffold decreases vascular compliance at the site of scaffold implantation. A compliance mismatch is evident immediately post-implantation and in contrast to metallic stents disappears in the mid-term, likely leading to a normalization of the rheological behavior of the scaffolded segment.
SHV-5, a novel SHV-type beta-lactamase that hydrolyzes broad-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams (1989)

SHV-5 (pI 8.2), a novel broad-spectrum beta-lactamase encoded by a ca. 150-kilobase plasmid, was found in Klebsiella pneumoniae 160. SHV-5 beta-lactamase caused decreased susceptibility to most penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams, except imipenem and compounds which have a C6 or C7 alpha-methoxy substituent. beta-Lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam) inhibited its activity and showed a synergistic effect when associated with different hydrolyzable beta-lactam compounds. Hybridization studies suggested that this enzyme may be related to, or derived from, the SHV enzyme. Increased MICs of cephamycins and temocillin associated with a decreased synergistic effect of the inhibitors on K. pneumoniae 160 might be linked to a decrease in two outer membrane proteins.
Comparison of the Inhibitory Action of KCl and Guanidine Hydrochloride Solutions on Montmorillonite Swelling (1982)

Abstract This study compares the effectiveness of potassium chloride with guanidine chlorhydrate in the prevention of clay swelling. The results given on various swelling tests on calcic montmorillonite led to the conclusions that (1) guanidine chlorhydrate is more effective than potassium chloride, especially in low concentrations, and (2) water immersion of samples treated by both solutions shows the permanent feature of the inhibitive action of guanidine chlorhydrate in swelling on one hand and the important increase in swelling of immersed samples treated by potassium chloride on the other. The viscosity measure of montmorillonite suspensions, before and after solution ion elimination by dialysis, confirms these observations.
A comprehensive AVO classification (2003)

In this paper a new classification for AVO responses is proposed. This classification covers all possible AVO responses and is independent of the fluid content of the beds.
Continuous administration of irinotecan by hepatic arterial infusion: a phase I and pharmacokinetic study. (2002)

The MTD of CPT-11 given by hepatic 5-day continuous infusion was 25 mg/m(2)/day. HAI of CPT-11 resulted in a higher metabolic ratio because of increased elimination of CPT-11. We recommend 20 mg/m(2)/day for additional Phase II studies.
Audio Processing Systems (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Digital Signal Processors Digital Audio Interfaces Single-processor Systems Multi-processor Systems References
Integrating Knowledge, Performance, and Learning Objects (2004)

A methodological framework for the delivery of knowledge, performance, and learning (KPL) systems is presented. The role of the KPL system is currently taken by learning management systems or learning and content management systems, and many of these systems facilitate the technical aspects of learning objects. However, they are still rooted in the thinking that formal courses are the only solution to learning and performance problems. A framework for delivery of a system supporting knowledge, performance and learning is described and illustrated, with a focus on problem solving, analysis, and supporting performance in all its forms.
“Flying Blind”: Canada’s Supply Chain Infrastructure and the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021)

Canada's COVID-19 response has been described as slow, with reactive decision making that has left the most vulnerable populations at risk of infection and death from the virus. Yet, within and across the provincial health systems, the supply chain processes and data infrastructure needed to generate the relevant data for, and evidence of, the spread of COVID-19 and the health system's capacity to respond to the pandemic are non-existent in Canada. Emerging evidence from a national research study highlights the significance of supply chain data infrastructure and processes that offer transparent, real-time data to inform decisions that support a coordinated, evidence-informed pandemic strategy that is proactive and capable of protecting the health of every Canadian.
Learning Individual Causal Effects from Networked Observational Data (2019)

Convenient access to observational data enables us to learn causal effects without randomized experiments. This research direction draws increasing attention in research areas such as economics, healthcare, and education. For example, we can study how a medicine (the treatment) causally affects the health condition (the outcome) of a patient using existing electronic health records. To validate causal effects learned from observational data, we have to control confounding bias -- the influence of variables which causally influence both the treatment and the outcome. Existing work along this line overwhelmingly relies on the unconfoundedness assumption that there do not exist unobserved confounders. However, this assumption is untestable and can even be untenable. In fact, an important fact ignored by the majority of previous work is that observational data can come with network information that can be utilized to infer hidden confounders. For example, in an observational study of the individual-level treatment effect of a medicine, instead of randomized experiments, the medicine is often assigned to each individual based on a series of factors. Some of the factors (e.g., socioeconomic status) can be challenging to measure and therefore become hidden confounders. Fortunately, the socioeconomic status of an individual can be reflected by whom she is connected in social networks. With this fact in mind, we aim to exploit the network information to recognize patterns of hidden confounders which would further allow us to learn valid individual causal effects from observational data. In this work, we propose a novel causal inference framework, the network deconfounder, which learns representations to unravel patterns of hidden confounders from the network information. Empirically, we perform extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of the network deconfounder on various datasets.
Evaluation of pre-treatment methods for landfill disposal of residues from municipal solid waste incineration (2003)

This study presents results concerning leaching of Pb, Cd, Ca, and Cl with reference to one individual batch of bottom ash and fly ash (5:1) resulting from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in Japan. This ash mixture was stabilised by the following pre-treatments: water washing, carbonation, and phosphate stabilisation. Once the optimum processing condition for each pre-treatment was determined, the performances were evaluated using both pH-stat leaching (pH 6, 9, 12) and availability tests. These performance tests were carried out with only fly ash without considering the mixture of MSWI residues, in order to accurately determine leaching differences among the pre-treatments. Water washing effectively removed the major elements from MSWI residues and also reduced the leachability of trace metals, such as Pb and Cd. A washing time of 15 minutes with a liquid/solid ratio of 5 was reasonably effective. Carbonation had a significant effect on leachability in alkaline ranges (pH 9 and 12), when the reaction occurred only on the surface of MSWI residues, moreover a moisture content of 10-16.7% was proved suitable for carbonation. On the other hand, phosphate stabilisation, even with small amounts of phosphate (0.16 mol-PO4(3-) kg(-1)), was very effective in reducing the leachability of heavy metals.
Representation and optimal recognition of human activities (2002)

Towards the goal of realizing a generic automatic human activity recognition system, a new formalism is proposed. Activities are described by a chained hierarchical representation using three type of entities: image features, mobile object properties and scenarios. Taking image features of tracked moving regions from an image sequence as input, mobile object properties are first computed by specific methods while noise is suppressed by statistical methods. Scenarios are recognized from mobile object properties based on Bayesian analysis. Several scenarios are recognized by an algorithm using a probabilistic finite-state automaton (a variant of structured HMM). A demonstration of the optimality of this recognition method is discussed. Finally, the validity and the effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated on both real-world and perturbed data.
A PC-based real-time large vocabulary continuous speech recognizer for German (2002)

A large vocabulary speech recognizer for German is presented. The main properties of the recognizer are speaker independence, continuous speech input and real-time operation. It is integrated into a client/server framework, which allows for simple porting between different hard- and software platforms. Methods like simplified language model spreading in beam search and specialized word-begin and -end modelling are introduced in order to achieve real-time operation on a Pentium-based PC. Recognition tests for two different dictation applications (controlled speech newspaper dictation and spontaneous speech medical dictation) are presented showing the importance of adding efforts in the modelling of spontaneous speech.
Vector processing on the Alliant FX/8 multiprocessor (1986)

The population of neurons and the neuronal size in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) were studied in 20 patients with definite Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). When compared with a normal control group, the 20 CJD brains showed a significant loss of neurons and reduction of neuronal size, mainly in the middle level of the nbM and mostly affecting the right side. Since these findings show some parallelism with the amount of cortical damage and given the scarce gliosis and spongiosis found in only six of the 20 CJD brains, we postulate that the involvement of the nbM in CJD is a retrograde abnormality secondary to the damage of the neocortex.
Thermoreversible gelation and crystallization of homopolymers and copolymers (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermoreversible gelation and crystallization of homopolymers and copolymersR. C. Domszy, R. Alamo, C. O. Edwards, and L. MandelkernCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2, 310–325Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00156a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00156a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views411Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Linearized Combinatorial Model for optimal frame selection in Gen2 RFID system (2012)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology become an important tool for items identification and tracking. In this paper we observe RFID Gen2 communication protocol between the RFID reader and the low-cost battery free passive RFID tags. To establish communication between the reader and tags, Gen2 uses Dynamic Frame Slotted ALOHA (DFSA) Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocol with Q-Selection algorithm for frame size adaptation. DFSA constraints of Gen2 RFID reader-tag communication may become an issue in the fast identification of all tags in the interrogation area. To identify all tags as soon as possible, DFSA frame size should be selected properly so its throughput is maximized, and that can be achieved only if one can estimate number of interrogated tags correctly. In this paper we present Linearized Combinatorial Model (LCM) algorithm for the optimal frame size adaptation. Developed scheme is implemented and tested on Universal Radio Serial Peripheral 1 (USRP1) Gen2 reader application. Results analysis shows that our scheme outperforms Q-Selection algorithm.
Stochastic homeostasis in human airway epithelium is achieved by neutral competition of basal cell progenitors (2013)

Lineage tracing approaches have provided new insights into the cellular mechanisms that support tissue homeostasis in mice. However, the relevance of these discoveries to human epithelial homeostasis and its alterations in disease is unknown. By developing a novel quantitative approach for the analysis of somatic mitochondrial mutations that are accumulated over time, we demonstrate that the human upper airway epithelium is maintained by an equipotent basal progenitor cell population, in which the chance loss of cells due to lineage commitment is perfectly compensated by the duplication of neighbours, leading to "neutral drift" of the clone population. Further, we show that this process is accelerated in the airways of smokers, leading to intensified clonal consolidation and providing a background for tumorigenesis. This study provides a benchmark to show how somatic mutations provide quantitative information on homeostatic growth in human tissues, and a platform to explore factors leading to dysregulation and disease. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00966.001.
Dynamic Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Edge Computing (2019)

To overcome devices' limitations in performing computation-intense applications, mobile edge computing (MEC) enables users to offload tasks to proximal MEC servers for faster task computation. However, the current MEC system design is based on average-based metrics, which fails to account for the ultra-reliable low-latency requirements in mission-critical applications. To tackle this, this paper proposes a new system design, where probabilistic and statistical constraints are imposed on task queue lengths, by applying extreme value theory. The aim is to minimize users' power consumption while trading off the allocated resources for local computation and task offloading. Due to wireless channel dynamics, users are reassociated to MEC servers in order to offload tasks using higher rates or accessing proximal servers. In this regard, a user-server association policy is proposed, taking into account the channel quality as well as the servers' computation capabilities and workloads. By marrying tools from Lyapunov optimization and matching theory, a two-timescale mechanism is proposed, where a user-server association is solved in the long timescale, while a dynamic task offloading and resource allocation policy are executed in the short timescale. The simulation results corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by guaranteeing highly reliable task computation and lower delay performance, compared to several baselines.
GLIM for Ecologists. (1994)

Preface An Ecological Example The GLIM Language Introduction to Experimental Design Understanding Data: Graphical Analysis Understanding Data: Basic Statistics Regression and GLIM Anova and GLIM Analysis of Covariance in GLIM Linear Models Model Simplification Model Criticism Analysing Count Data: Poisson Errors Analysing Proportion Data: Binomial Errors Binary Response Variables Data with Gamma Errors Survival Data Ecological Techniques What GLIM Doesn't Do Programming in GLIM Technical Appendices Statistical Tables Library of GLIM Programmes and Macros (on disk)