gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constitutive Coactivator of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPARγ), a Novel Coactivator of PPARγ that Promotes Adipogenesis (2007)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays essential roles in adipogenesis by transcriptionally regulating adipocyte-specific genes through recruitment of coregulators including coactivators and corepressors. However, the precise repertoire of coactivators required for PPARgamma transactivation remains unresolved. In this report, we cloned and characterized a novel PPARgamma interacting protein, constitutive coactivator of PPARgamma (CCPG), which is expressed in multiple adult tissues and throughout embryonic development. CCPG is localized in nucleus and contains four LXXLL motifs, which are characteristic for nuclear receptor coactivators. A delineation of CCPG-PPARgamma interaction by glutathione-S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated that CCPG interacts with the hinge region of PPARgamma in a ligand-independent manner. However, mutation of four motifs of LXXLL to LXXAA in CCPG does not compromise its interaction with PPARgamma, suggesting LXXLL motif is not required for the interaction. Glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays showed that CCPG binds to retinoic X receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor-alpha independent of their ligands, but not to thyroid hormone receptor-beta. CCPG coactivates PPARgamma in PPAR response element reporter assays, and the N terminus (amino acids 1-561) of CCPG acts to significantly augment the transactivation of PPARgamma, whereas the C terminus (amino acids 562-786) represses PPARgamma activity, indicating the N terminus possesses the activation domain. Using an adenoviral-mediated system, we also revealed that overexpression of CCPG promoted differentiation of OP9 preadipocyte into adipocyte, and knockdown of CCPG by RNA interference blocked this process, as examined by Oil Red O staining and Western blots of adipocyte-specific protein, adiponectin, and perilipin. Taken together, our data indicate that CCPG is a bona fide coactivator and promotes adipogenesis in a PPARgamma-dependent manner.
(Invited) Ultra-Conformal CVD at Low Temperatures: The Role of Site Blocking and the Use of Growth Inhibitors (2010)

Chemical vapor deposition can afford conformal films with step coverage > 90% in via or trench features with aspect ratios {greater than or equal to} 30:1 when growth proceeds at a substrate temperature {less than or equal to} 300{degree sign}C under a precursor pressure > 0.1 Torr. These conditions correspond to a near-saturation of the film growth rate vs. precursor pressure, such that the reactive sticking probability is {less than or equal to} 10-5 per collision with the film surface. We model this in terms of a self site-blocking effect in which the growth surface is covered with a dynamic layer of adsorbed precursor molecules that inhibit the adsorption of impinging precursor molecules. We derive an analytical equation that relates the step coverage, growth rate, precursor pressure and substrate temperature for a given aspect ratio. For precursors that cannot achieve conformal coverage due to insufficient vapor pressure, conformal coverage can be achieved by adding an inhibitor species that completes the site blocking.
Rose Run Stimulation: A Case History of Problem Identification, Research, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation (1994)

ABSTRACT The Rose Run Sandstone consists of individual quartz and feldspar grains cemented by dolomite, clay minerals, and overgrowths of quartz and feldspars. Historically, the Rose Run has been stimulated with hydrochloric(HCl) acid with appropriate additives to remove the dolomitic cement matrix to improve permeability. Post stimulation results vary widely. The production from some wells suffered from steep declines. When shut-in, most wells exhibited good pressure recovery. Reservoir analysis calculated skin factors as high as +10 indicating formation damage. An in-depth study of wells in Randolph Township of Portage County, Ohio (Fig. 1) was initiated to try to identify the mechanisms that effect well productivity. Drill cutting samples, well logs, rotary sidewall cores, petrologic data, core analysis, and SEM photos were analyzed. The primary goal of this study was to determine possible improvements to current stimulation treatments. An additional benefit of this study was to evaluate the viability of remedial acid treatments in removing damage from producing wells. Drill cutting samples, mud logs, natural production shows, and well logs are used on site to determine if the well would be completed. Rotary sidewall cores were obtained from several wells for in-depth analysis. Routine laboratory core analysis measured permeability, porosity, and core fluid saturations. Thin sections were prepared and SEM photos were taken for petrographic analysis. Rotary sidewall cores from one well were analyzed and deemed representative of the Rose Run Sandstone. Rotary sidewall cores were tested to determine initial permeability to Rose Run formation brine and regained permeability to various acid solutions. The results of all analyses were considered in revising initial well stimulations as well as designing remedial acid treatments to address the problems that have been identified. Production rates, decline curves, and pressure build-up data of conventionally treated wells were compared to wells treated with a new acid solution to determine if any positive benefits could be realized. The evaluation of remedial acid treatments using the new acid solution was based on the treatments ability to reduce the rate of production decline.
Behaviour sharing in adaptable user interfaces (2002)

The practical contribution of this research is to remove the UI behavioural conflicts existing in a compound software environment. From the user point of view, editing text in a spreadsheet cell should not be any different from editing text in a text editor or any other integrated software package. However this is not always the case since different UI applications may inherit different UI techniques and behaviours. In this paper, an extended object-oriented model and Documentary Petri Net (DPN) are used to model an 'adaptable user interface' system. In doing so, rule-bases can be added to the DPN model allowing automatic reasoning about the user interface behaviours. Furthermore, formal properties of UI behaviours such as 'liveness' and 'boundedness' can be analyzed by using algorithms based on the formal properties of Petri Nets.
Gene therapy of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis mice by in vivo administration of plasmid DNA coding for human interleukin-10. (2003)

The direct injection of DNA expression vectors encoding IL-10 into thyroid significantly inhibited development of lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid of autoimmune thyroiditis mice, and alleviated the progression of this disease.
Introduction (2015)

Summarizes conversation among development evaluators about inequality—economic, political, and social—how to assess it, evaluate it, and address it head on in an attempt to shift the future of development needs away from a focus on poverty toward a focus on inequality, the fundamental question of why people remain poor and what needs doing structurally and institutionally to reduce and eliminate poverty. The implications of this transition include the need to start (1) examining processes and consequences of inequality more carefully and thoroughly; (2) addressing issues of social justice; (3) looking to the social sciences for research on inequality and public policy implications; and (4) looking critically at the vested interests in societies that benefit from the status quo. Turning a blind eye to these interests and instead evaluating programs for the poor will leave the discipline increasingly irrelevant and unable to take on and address the global inequality challenge.
Contributions of corner singularities of the capacitances of interconnections wires (2002)

A significant problem in the computation of capacitance coefficients for microwave transmission and VLSI interconnection transmission systems is caused by the singularities in the electric field at the corners and edges of conductors. For two-dimensional models, a solution is given by the so called "Duncan Correction", which is based on polar expansion of the field. No such exact expansion exists in the three-dimensional case. Recent research has led to some appropriate asymptotic expressions for those singularities, and these are used to derive algorithms for correcting conventional capacitance computation. This correction accounts for the singularities at the corners of the conductors. Finally we present a few examples to illustrate the three-dimensional capacitance correction procedure and computational accuracy.
Novel CMOS current feedback op-amp realization suitable for high frequency applications (2000)

A novel CMOS current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) is developed for wideband current-mode signal processing. The circuit has a very low input impedance over an exceptionally wide bandwidth and realizes an exact voltage-following action. Simulation results assuming 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process shows that the impedance at the current input node is about 2 /spl Omega/ and current and voltage transfer characteristics extend beyond 180 MHz.
Associating PWM and balancing techniques for performance improvement of flying capacitor inverter (2013)

This paper aims at the reduction of the harmonic content in sinusoidal signals synthesized from flying capacitor multilevel inverters for AC electrical drive systems. In this sense, three distinct voltage-balancing techniques and pulse width modulation methods are jointly investigated. Among voltage-balancing techniques, a new method including restrictions of switching under charging/discharging and maximum current in the flying capacitors is presented. The strategies are analysed in a three-level inverter controlled by space-vector and carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM). Regarding the carrier-wave strategy, specifically level shifted - phase disposition modulation (LSPWM - PDPWM), the authors propose a redundant switching states controller that enables the application of this technique to the flying capacitor topologies including an appropriate portion of the third harmonic component for greater utilization of the DC voltage bus. All techniques were validated using MatLab simulations and, in the SVPWM case, experimentally too. The results obtained have been comproved the main desired characteristics, namely output voltages and currents with low harmonic content, low computational complexity and ease of digital implementation.
Cultures at work and beyond: Latin American and Spanish employees in a multinational Danish company (2012)

Internationalisation of companies and migration of people have directed much attention towards culture and the way in which individuals interact in multicultural settings, such as organisations. In this chapter, we present the results of our research on a group of Latin American and Spanish employees working at a multinational company in Denmark. The aim is to interpret employees’ reflections on culture, both in their working place and in their everyday life in Danish society. We apply a socio-cognitive approach to our analysis of the way in which representations of social groups are produced on the basis of the information provided by interviewees. Three themes are identified to structure interviewees’ reflections: 1) work place; 2) Danish culture; and 3) changing identities. The categories are flexible and are redefined according to the position assumed by the interviewees. Thus, the idea of ‘internationalisation’ is understood as being in contrast to the Danish environment, for example, and ‘being Danish’ acquires positive or negative connotations depending on whether or not it is considered to be a part of the cosmopolitan world to which the interviewees themselves think they belong. We also find that the conceptualisation of Danish culture is changeable, and generalisations and stereotypes coexist with nuanced explanations on their relation with Danish and other national cultures. This flexibility in cultural representation is due to the ways in which individuals acquire cultural identity by placing themselves in contact with several group identities and changing positions depending on the situation. The reflective dimension on culture turns out to be relevant in order to understand the way in which individuals conceive culture as based on their intercultural exchanges and practices.
Electro-optical system for gunshot detection: analysis, concept, and performance (2011)

The paper discusses technical possibilities to build an effective electro-optical sensor unit for sniper detection using infrared cameras. This unit, comprising of thermal and daylight cameras, can operate as a standalone device but its primary application is a multi-sensor sniper and shot detection system. At first, the analysis was presented of three distinguished phases of sniper activity: before, during and after the shot. On the basis of experimental data the parameters defining the relevant sniper signatures were determined which are essential in assessing the capability of infrared camera to detect sniper activity. A sniper body and muzzle flash were analyzed as targets and the descriptions of phenomena which make it possible to detect sniper activities in infrared spectra as well as analysis of physical limitations were performed. The analyzed infrared systems were simulated using NVTherm software. The calculations for several cameras, equipped with different lenses and detector types were performed. The simulation of detection ranges was performed for the selected scenarios of sniper detection tasks. After the analysis of simulation results, the technical specifications of infrared sniper detection system were discussed, required to provide assumed detection range. Finally the infrared camera setup was proposed which can detected sniper from 1000 meters range.
Instrumentation amplifier IC designed for oxygen sensor interface requirements (1981)

Describes an instrumentation amplifier, using standard bipolar processing, with an input common mode voltage range extending below the single supply ground to -1 V. The integrated circuit has the bandwidth and gain necessary to meet the particular requirements of amplifying the output of a zirconia dioxide sensor to continuously measure the relative amount of oxygen in the automotive exhaust. Gain is trimmed to /spl plusmn/1/4 percent accuracy using fusible aluminum links.
Sch-351125 and Sch-350634. Schering-Plough. (2002)

Schering-Plough is developing Sch-351125 (Sch-C), the lead in a series of CCR5 inhibitors, for the potential treatment of HIV infection. By March 2001, it had entered phase I studies in the US, however, by April 2001, these had been suspended based in part on observed QTc prolongation at the highest dose. By December 2001, a new phase I trial had been initiated in France. The company has continued to investigate a number of second-generation CCR5 receptor antagonists, including Sch-350634, for the potential treatment of HIV infection. Although it was reported at two separate meetings in early 2001 that Sch-350634 was in phase I/II trials, in April 2001, Schering-Plough confirmed that the compound was not in clinical development at that time and that a preclinical toxicology program was scheduled for late 2001. In December 2001, Morgan Stanley predicted a 2004 launch for a compound arising from the CCR5 inhibitor program, with sales of US$100 million in 2004, US$200 million in 2005, rising to US$300 million in 2006.
IGFBP-3 Is a Direct Target of Transcriptional Regulation by ΔNp63α in Squamous Epithelium (2005)

DeltaNp63alpha is a nuclear transcription factor that maintains epithelial progenitor cell populations, is overexpressed in several epithelial cancers, and can negatively regulate apoptosis. However, the mechanisms by which DeltaNp63alpha promotes cell survival are unclear. DeltaNp63alpha has been reported to act as a transcriptional repressor, but specific target genes directly repressed by DeltaNp63alpha remain unidentified. Here, we present evidence that DeltaNp63alpha functions to negatively regulate the proapoptotic protein IGFBP-3. Disruption of p63 expression in squamous epithelial cells increases IGFBP-3 expression, whereas ectopic expression of DeltaNp63alpha down-regulates IGFBP-3. DeltaNp63alpha binds to sites in the IGFBP-3 gene in vivo and can modulate transcription through these sites. Furthermore, DeltaNp63alpha and IGFBP-3 expression patterns are inversely correlated in normal squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinomas. These data suggest that IGFBP-3 is a target of transcriptional repression by DeltaNp63alpha and that this repression represents a mechanism by which tumors that overexpress p63 may be protected from apoptosis.
Autocrine actions of endothelin-1 as a growth factor in human ovarian carcinoma cells. (1995)

The production of endothelin 1 (ET-1) and its receptor-mediated actions on calcium signaling and growth responses were analyzed in human ovarian carcinoma cells. Immuno-reactive ET-1 was released from three of four ovarian tumor cell lines as a function of time in amounts ranging from 56 to 74 fmol/10(6) cells. Reverse-phase HPLC and radioimmuno-assay of conditioned media from tumor cells revealed a single peak coeluting with authentic ET-1. Radioligand binding studies showed that the ET-1-producing cell lines also expressed high-affinity ETA receptors (Kd < 0.1 nM) that ranged in abundance from 2,600 to 43,600 sites/cell. In fura-2-loaded ovarian carcinoma cells, ET-1 induced dose-dependent increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. ET-1 also stimulated thymidine incorporation in the three cell lines that expressed ET receptors. In OVCA 433 cells, BQ 123 inhibited the stimulatory actions of ET-1 on thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation, and substantially reduced the basal growth rate of unstimulated ovarian tumor cells. These results demonstrate that ET-1 is produced in ovarian cancer cells and acts as an autocrine growth factor on ETA receptors to stimulate calcium signaling and proliferative responses. Such findings suggest that ET-1 participates in the progression of neoplastic growth in certain ovarian tumors.
Role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and opiate receptor antagonists in limiting central nervous system injury. (1988)

Opiate antagonists, including receptor antagonists and physiologic antagonists, have been shown to produce beneficial effects in a variety of models of CNS injury and in a variety of species. Opiate antagonists improve spinal cord blood flow, electrical conduction of the spinal cord, pathological changes, and motor recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury in cats. TRH appears to be superior to naloxone in this regard, although direct comparisons between receptor-selective opiate receptor antagonists and TRH have not been made. Similarly, opiate antagonists are effective in improving outcome and reducing pathological changes following ischemic spinal cord injury in rabbits. Beneficial effects for opiate receptor antagonists have also been observed after fluid percussion head injury in cats. Effects of opiate antagonists in the treatment of experimental stroke have been more controversial, although the weight of evidence supports a therapeutic effect in various models and species. Following spinal cord injury, best evidence suggests that pathophysiological responses produced by opioids may be mediated by the dynorphin opioid system and/or the kappa opiate receptor. This issue is of considerable importance, since it may lead to the development of more effective and specific forms of therapy. The role of specific opioid systems and specific opiate receptors in traumatic head injury or cerebral ischemia have not been adequately studied and should be the subject of future investigation. A number of controlled clinical studies are now either planned or under way to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of naloxone and TRH in CNS injury. Data from these studies should be available within the next several years.
Adaptation of an L-Proline Adenylation Domain to Use 4-Propyl-L-Proline in the Evolution of Lincosamide Biosynthesis (2013)

Clinically used lincosamide antibiotic lincomycin incorporates in its structure 4-propyl-L-proline (PPL), an unusual amino acid, while celesticetin, a less efficient related compound, makes use of proteinogenic L-proline. Biochemical characterization, as well as phylogenetic analysis and homology modelling combined with the molecular dynamics simulation were employed for complex comparative analysis of the orthologous protein pair LmbC and CcbC from the biosynthesis of lincomycin and celesticetin, respectively. The analysis proved the compared proteins to be the stand-alone adenylation domains strictly preferring their own natural substrate, PPL or L-proline. The LmbC substrate binding pocket is adapted to accommodate a rare PPL precursor. When compared with L-proline specific ones, several large amino acid residues were replaced by smaller ones opening a channel which allowed the alkyl side chain of PPL to be accommodated. One of the most important differences, that of the residue corresponding to V306 in CcbC changing to G308 in LmbC, was investigated in vitro and in silico. Moreover, the substrate binding pocket rearrangement also allowed LmbC to effectively adenylate 4-butyl-L-proline and 4-pentyl-L-proline, substrates with even longer alkyl side chains, producing more potent lincosamides. A shift of LmbC substrate specificity appears to be an integral part of biosynthetic pathway adaptation to the PPL acquisition. A set of genes presumably coding for the PPL biosynthesis is present in the lincomycin--but not in the celesticetin cluster; their homologs are found in biosynthetic clusters of some pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBD) and hormaomycin. Whereas in the PBD and hormaomycin pathways the arising precursors are condensed to another amino acid moiety, the LmbC protein is the first functionally proved part of a unique condensation enzyme connecting PPL to the specialized amino sugar building unit.
Regulation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ gene expression in astrocytes by ceramide (2002)

Ceramide is generated in response to inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. Since these stimuli dramatically increase nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) gene expression in astrocytes we evaluated the regulation of N/OFQ by ceramide and the signaling mechanisms involved. We found that ceramide induced N/OFQ mRNA levels 22-fold after 24 h. In astrocytes ceramide stimulated the JNK, p38 and ERK MAP kinase pathways and also led to the activation of the transcription factors CREB and NFkappaB. Using specific inhibitors of signaling pathways we determined that N/OFQ gene induction is mediated by ERK and p38 MAP kinases. ERK activation may be induced by protein kinase C and it leads to CREB phosphorylation. The NFkappaB pathway also appears to be crucial for ceramide-induced N/OFQ gene expression.
Three-Year Efficacy and Safety of a Silicone Oil-Filled Foldable-Capsular-Vitreous-Body in Three Cases of Severe Retinal Detachment (2016)

Silicone oil emulsification is a severe complication after retinal detachment surgery. On the basis of animal experiments, we investigated a new strategy and product, the FCVB, to overcome this complication. In this pilot study, FCVB limited SO emulsification and migration. This study could lay the foundation for a further multicenter clinical trial.