gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emodin, an Anthraquinone Derivative Isolated from the Rhizomes of Rheum palmatum, Selectively Inhibits the Activity of Casein Kinase II as a Competitive Inhibitor (1999)

Ser/Thr protein kinases play important roles in signal transduction pathways that control the proliferation and differentiation of eukaryotic cells. In this paper, we present evidence that emodin, an anthraquinone derivative, selectively inhibits casein kinase II (CKII), a Ser/Thr kinase, as a competitive inhibitor. The results with ethyl acetate extracts of the rhizomes of Rheum palmatum showed that emodin significantly inhibited the activity of cyclin B/cdc2 protein kinase (cdc2). We measured IC50 values for emodin on the activities of several Ser/Thr protein kinases, including cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), cdc2, casein kinases I (CKI) and CKII. Interestingly, emodin inhibited CKII activity with an IC50 value of 2 microM, which was two to three orders of magnitude lower than those against the other kinases. Enzyme kinetic assays showed that emodin inhibited CKII activity as a competitive inhibitor against ATP with a Ki value of 7.2 microM. Collectively, we suggest that emodin is a selective CKII inhibitor, whose action mechanism is mediated through competitively binding to the ATP binding site.
Design of a cognitive user-support system for skin progress analysis using a smart phone (2012)

In this study, we design a user-support system employing a smart phone for skin progress analysis. Our proposed system seeks to provide user support for a skin diagnostic service employing a smart phone's camera, with the user's photograph of a skin image and continuous diagnosis of the photographed area. The cognitive user-support module recognizes the processing and the user operation of the smart phone, and transmits advice on the operation to the user in real time, via voice or text messages. In addition, the cognitive user-support module can recommend contents suitable for the user, based on the user's past situation. In the skin diagnostic service, our system provides the user with auto photography when the picture is taken, by recognizing the user's situation and guiding the user via voice or text message. Our system can recommend the skin area that was used for the last diagnostic service in order to perform continuous skin diagnosis. Using our system, the user can easily take a suitable skin picture and observe the skin care progress, so that in an esthetic room, the user and beauty therapist can verify the esthetic effect by viewing the pictures taken before and after treatment.
A New Immunoadsorbent for Hemoperfusion: Agarose-Polyacrolein Microspheres Beads I. In Vitro Studies (1982)

The development and properties of a novel adsorbent system consisting of polyacrolein microspheres encapsulated in agarose is described. In the model system, the microspheres contain covalently bound bovine serum albumin. In practice any protein or ligands with primary amino groups may be covalently bound. Circulating antibovine serum albumin antibodies were adsorbed from whole blood or serum of rabbits or goats onto the microspheres. The capacity of this batch is 10 mg antibody adsorbed/gm wet weight beads. When the column is operated at less than capacity, 50%, 70%, 90% and 95% of the anti BSA is adsorbed in 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. Thus, relatively short periods of hemoperfusion may be used. The beads are biocompatible. There are negligible decreases of RBC; up to a 10% decrease of WBC and up to a 20% decrease of platelets in 3 hrs. The beads are stable; neither breakdown nor leakage was observed over a period of 3 months. High flow rates were readily obtained. The mean diameter of the microspheres is 0.2 mu; the mean diameter of the agarose polyacrolein microspheres beads (APAMB) is 1.0 mm. We can produce monodisperse beads of any given diameter ranging from 200 mu to 1 cm.
Immunohistochemical Localization of T Antigen-Like Substance in Benign Hyperplasia and Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate (1984)

Peanut agglutinin was used in a lectin-anti-lectin immunoperoxidase technique to assess the status of T antigen-like substance in histological sections of benign hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Of 30 benign lesions 26 (86.7 per cent) had negative staining in the glandular epithelia and 4 showed uneven staining of the epithelial cells in a small proportion of the glands. Additionally, 15 of 30 benign lesions (50 per cent) had positive staining restricted to the basal myoepithelial cells in a variable proportion of the glands. All benign lesions demonstrated the presence of normal cryptic T antigen after neuraminidase digestion. Of 25 adenocarcinomas 14 (56 per cent) were positive and 7 (25 per cent) were negative for T antigen but demonstrated the presence of normal cryptic T antigen after neuraminidase digestion, and 4 (16 per cent) were negative for T and cryptic T antigens. Of 8 grade 1, 9 grade 2 and 8 grade 3 tumors, and 9 tumors from patients with bone metastases 3 (37.5 per cent), 8 (88.9 per cent), 7 (87.5 per cent) and 7 (77.8 per cent), respectively, were positive for T antigen or negative for T and cryptic T antigens. The results show a correlation between the status of T antigen-like substance and tumor grade as well as metastasis in patients with prostatic carcinoma.
Automating Release of Deep Link APIs for Android Applications (2017)

Unlike the Web where each web page has a global URL to reach, a specific "content page" inside a mobile app cannot be opened unless the user explores the app with several operations from the landing page. Recently, deep links have been advocated by major companies to enable targeting and opening a specific page of an app externally with an accessible uniform resource identifier (URI). To empirically investigate the state of the practice on adopting deep links, in this article, we present the largest empirical study of deep links over 20,000 Android apps, and find that deep links do not get wide adoption among current Android apps, and non-trivial manual efforts are required for app developers to support deep links. To address such an issue, we propose the Aladdin approach and supporting tool to release deep links to access arbitrary location of existing apps. Aladdin instantiates our novel cooperative framework to synergically combine static analysis and dynamic analysis while minimally engaging developers to provide inputs to the framework for automation, without requiring any coding efforts or additional deployment efforts. We evaluate Aladdin with popular apps and demonstrate its effectiveness and performance.
Serological Detection of Infection with Diverse Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses Using Consensus <i>env</i> Peptides (2000)

Cross-species transmission has been shown to play an important role in the emergence of human retroviruses. We developed a generic enzyme immunoassay using synthetic peptides from gp41 and C2V3 consensus sequences (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] type 1 [HIV-1] groups M, O, and N and the homologous region of simian immunodeficiency virus [SIV] strains from chimpanzees [SIVcpz], SIVcpzGAB1 and SIVcpzANT) to detect divergent HIV and SIV. A cocktail of peptides from gp41 and C2V3 (M-O) detected all HIV-1 group M and O sera and showed cross-reactivity with SIVcpz sera. Further, a mixture of C2V3 peptides (GAB1-ANT) failed to detect HIV-1 infections but reacted with all SIVcpz sera, allowing discrimination of SIVcpz from HIV-1 infections. Since most SIVcpz sera cross-reacted with HIV-1 peptides, we next evaluated SIVcpz serum reactivity with rapid tests for HIV-1/2. SIVcpzANT and SIVcpzUS sera reacted with the Sero-strip and Multispot assays. Both tests are sensitive in detecting group M (97 100%, respectively), although Multispot has lower sensitivity for group O detection (67%) than does Sero-strip (100%). The limited volume and time required to perform these assays make them a generic tool for field screening. The env peptide-based assay and rapid tests should allow for the identification of emerging variants of HIV and SIV.
Free space photonic switching network demonstration (2002)

A prototype digital free-space photonic switching fabric consisting of three cascaded 16*8 arrays of symmetric self-electrooptic effect devices (S-SEEDs) is demonstrated. The three stages implement the input interface and one 2*1 node stage of a multistage switching network using crossover interconnections. The devices in the arrays used in this experiment are configured to function as logic gates to implement an array of 2*1 switching nodes. The 128 data inputs to the system are generated by a matrix of 64 fibers and by a laser passing through 8*8 binary phase grating (BPG) beamsplitter. The output power from each fiber is 94 mu W. Vignetting in the collection optics results in an output power of less than 1 mu W, which limits the first stage switching speed to about 100 kHz (33-kb/s system data rate). The minimum signal power cascaded from one S-SEED array to the next is about 150 mu W. If the system speed were limited only by the signal powers between arrays, a data rate of 200 kb/s would be achievable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic extraction of building features from terrestrial laser scanning (2006)

Realistic 3D city models are required for many purposes such as urban planning and safety analysis. The traditional modeling methods are mainly based on manual or semi-automatic reconstruction from close-range images, which are rather time-consuming. The lack of fully automatic reconstruction is mainly due to the difficulty to recover building structures from close-range images. The terrestrially scanned laser points usually contain useful information, and it can be a valuable data source for reconstructing 3D city models. This paper presents our approach to automatically extract building features from terrestrial laser scanned data. This is done by first processing the terrestrial laser points with various segmentation algorithms, then retrieving several important properties (size, position, direction, topology, etc.) from the segments, and finally recognizing potential building features (walls, windows and doors, etc.) with feature constraints, which are based on the properties of segments. The recognized features will form the basis for an automatic 3D building model reconstruction framework. 1
Ligand Characterization of Covalently Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: An NMR Toolbox Approach (2014)

Mesoporous silica materials are undergoing rapid development for numerous environmental and biomedical applications. These materials are commonly functionalized with small organic molecules through a reaction between an organosilane and the surface silanols. Despite widespread use and implementation of these materials, ligands on their surfaces are challenging to characterize, particularly in aqueous environments. Employing traditional physicochemical characterization methods such as adsorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy, as well as solution-phase 1H NMR methods including one-dimensional NMR, diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), the labile nature of several different surface ligands on mesoporous silica nanoparticles is revealed. The data presented indicate a dynamic model of organosilane release from the surface, and adsorption of the released molecules is ultimately dependent on the nature of the binding of the functional group to the particle surface. A new paradigm for understanding chemical changes that take place at the liquid–solid interface is described, which incorporates a model of chemical dynamics in aqueous solution. Covalently functionalized nanomaterials are widely used, and the characterization of the ligands on their surfaces is of paramount importance, particularly when they are implemented in biomedical and environmental applications.
Artificial Intelligence for Adaptive Computer Games (2007)

Computer games are an increasingly popular applica-tion for Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, and con-versely AI is an increasingly popular selling point for commercial games. Although games are typically asso-ciated with entertainment, there are many “serious ” ap-plications of gaming, including military, corporate, and advertising applications. There are also so-called “hu-mane ” gaming applications for medical training, educa-tional games, and games that reflect social conscious-ness or advocate for a cause. Game AI is the effort of going beyond scripted interactions, however complex, into the arena of truly interactive systems that are re-sponsive, adaptive, and intelligent. Such systems learn about the player(s) during game play, adapt their own behaviors beyond the pre-programmed set provided by the game author, and interactively develop and provide a richer experience to the player(s). The long-term goal of our research is to develop artifi-cial intelligence techniques that can have a significant impact in the game industry. In this paper, we present a list of challenges and research opportunities in devel-oping techniques that can be used by computer game developers. We discuss three Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) (Aamodt &amp; Plaza 1994), (Kolodner 1993) ap-proaches to achieve adaptability in games: automatic behavior adaptation for believable characters; drama management and user modeling for interactive stories; and strategic behavior planning for real-time strategy games.
Influence of Physical and Chemical Parameters on the Conversion Rate of a Catalytic Converter: A Numerical Simulation Study (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Monolithic three-way catalysts are applied to reduce the emission of combustion engines. The design of such a catalytic converter is a complex process involving the optimization of different physical and chemical parameters. Simple properties such as length, cell densities or metal coverage of the catalysts influence the catalytic performance of the converter.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Numerical simulation is used as an effective tool for the investigation of the catalytic properties of a catalytic converter and for the prediction of the performance of the catalyst. To attain this goal, a two-dimensional flow field description is coupled with a detailed chemical reaction model.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, results of the simulation of a monolithic single channel are shown. In a first step, the steady state flow distribution was calculated by a two dimensional simulation model. Subsequently, the reaction mechanism of the chemical species in the exhaust gas was added to the simulation process. The performance of the catalyst was simulated under lean, nearly stoichiometric and rich conditions. For these characteristic conditions, the oxidation of propen and CO and the reduction of NO on a typical Pt/Rh coated three-way catalyst were simulated as a function of temperature. The numerically predicted conversion data are compared with experimentally measured data. The simulation further reveals the coupling between chemical reactions and transport processes within the monolithic channel.</div>
A PRACTICAL METHOD OF ESTIMATING AN INDIVIDUAL'S MAXIMAL OXYGEN INTAKE (1961)

The premises upon which simple methods for estimating an individual's maximum oxygen intake are based have boon tested. These premises are : (a) that heart rate and oxygen intake are linear functions of each other throughout the entire range of work up to the individual's maximum ; (b) that oxygen intake of the individual deviates very little from the mean straight line relating oxygon intake and rate of work for the population, so that the oxygon intake for a task performed against gravity can be estimated with reasonable precision from the rate of work ; and (c) that the individual variability of maximum heart rate round the mean for the population is sufficiently small to use the moan in a routine test procedure without the introduction of largo errors. Premises (b) and (c) are fully substantiated by the results reported here, Premise (a) is not strictly valid, as there is a bias of the order of 03 1. oxygon/min in the straight line relating heart rate and oxygen intake at high levels of work in most individuals. The errors involved in the method proposed by Åstrand (1954) based on these premises have been examined and compared with those of an alternative procedure described in the present paper. The variance of maximum oxygen intake using the Astrand method, duo to errors in measurement of heart rate alone, is of the order 0·53, compared with 0·26 of the procedure described in this paper. In addition, one measurement only of heart rate in the Åstrand method introduces a bias of about 0·3 1. oxygen/min in the estimate of an individual maximum oxygon capacity of 3·0 l/min. The variance of maximum oxygen intake by the present method can be reduced by fitting a straight line by least squares to plots of four pairs of heart rate and oxygen intake values at four rates of work.
Neural Network Acceptability Judgments (2019)

This paper investigates the ability of artificial neural networks to judge the grammatical acceptability of a sentence, with the goal of testing their linguistic competence. We introduce the Corpus of Linguistic Acceptability (CoLA), a set of 10,657 English sentences labeled as grammatical or ungrammatical from published linguistics literature. As baselines, we train several recurrent neural network models on acceptability classification, and find that our models outperform unsupervised models by Lau et al. (2016) on CoLA. Error-analysis on specific grammatical phenomena reveals that both Lau et al.’s models and ours learn systematic generalizations like subject-verb-object order. However, all models we test perform far below human level on a wide range of grammatical constructions.
Endoglin (CD105) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as Prognostic Markers in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma (2007)

We studied endoglin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression as prognostic markers in prostatic adenocarcinoma in 50 radical prostatectomy specimens. Cases were further categorized by Gleason score as follows: 8 to 10, 9 cases; 7 (4 + 3), 9 cases; 7 (3 + 4), 14 cases; 6, 13 cases; and 4 or 5, 5 cases. All cases were immunostained for endoglin, CD31, and VEGF. Positively stained microvessels were counted in densely vascular foci in a ·400 field. VEGF staining intensity was scored on a 2-tiered scale. Results were correlated with survival and other parameters. Endoglin demonstrated significantly more microvessels than did CD31 (mean ± SD, 37 ± 15 vs 22 ± 17; P < .001). VEGF expression was low in 21 cases (42%) and high in 29 (58%). Endoglin correlated positively with Gleason score, lymph node metastases, tumor stage, and preoperative prostate-specific antigen level (P < .05) but not with CD31. VEGF correlated significantly with angiolymphatic invasion and Gleason score (P < .05). A high endoglin microvessel count and VEGF expression correlated with shorter survival. Endoglin is a more specific and sensitive marker for tumor angiogenesis than CD31 and may serve as a prognostic marker for prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Computational and asymptotic aspects of velocity inversion (1985)

Abstract We discuss computational and asymptotic aspects of the Born inversion method and show how asymptotic analysis is exploited to reduce the number of integrations in an f-k like solution formula for the velocity variation. The output of this alternative algorithm produces the reflectivity function of the surface. This is an array of singular functions--Dirac delta functions which peak on the reflecting surfaces--each scaled by the normal reflection strength at the surface. Thus, imaging of a reflector is achieved by construction of its singular function and estimation of the reflection strength is deduced from the peak value of that function. By asymptotic analysis of the application of the algorithm to the Kirchhoff representation of the backscattered field, we show that the peak value of the output estimates the reflection strength even when the condition of small variation in velocity (an assumption of the original derivation) is violated. Furthermore, this analysis demonstrates that the method provides a migration algorithm when the amplitude has not been preserved in the data. The design of the computer algorithm is discussed, including such aspects as constraints due to causality and spatial aliasing. We also provide O-estimates of computer time. This algorithm has been successfully implemented on both synthetic data and common-midpoint stacked field data.
Bridging Knowledge Bases' Heterogeneity using XML/XSLT Approach (2005)

In this paper we propose an XSLT-based infrastructure for sharing knowledge between three knowledge modeling and acquisition tools that use different conceptual models for knowledge representation. A solution based on a programmed extension of a knowledge-modeling tool (using e.g. Java, C++, etc.) can be rather difficult and time consuming. Since XML is now widely accepted as knowledge representation syntax, we believe that a more suitable solution would be to use XSLT. A special advantage of this approach is that even though an XSLT is written independently of any programming language, it can be executed by almost every up-to-date programming language.
Reduction of phase noise in passively mode-locked lasers (1992)

The phase noise of a colliding-pulse mode-locked ring dye laser and a coupled-cavity mode-locked color-center laser has been reduced by up to two orders of magnitude in the 50-500 Hz range by referencing the cavity frequency of the optical resonators to that of an electronic oscillator. Using this technique a common reference is available to provide a direct electronic signal to the deflection electronics of a synchroscan streak camera so that real-time phase error detection can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Blocking of cloned and native delayed rectifier K<sup>+</sup> channels from visceral smooth muscles by phencyclidine (2000)

We investigated the effect of phencyclidine (PCP) on three native delayed rectifier K+ currents and three channels cloned from canine and human circular colonic myocytes using voltage-clamp techniques. Native delayed rectifier K+ current in canine circular colon is composed of at least three components: (i) a rapidly activating, 4-aminopyridine-sensitive component (termed IdK(f)); (ii) a slowly activating, tetraethylammonium (TEA)-sensitive component (IdK(s)); and (iii) a rapidly activating, TEA-sensitive component, which has a steady-state inactivation curve shifted towards more negative potentials (IdK(n)). PCP blocked all three components with EC50 values of 45, 27 and 59 micromol L-1, respectively. Blocking was neither use-dependent nor voltage-dependent. Delayed rectifier K+ channels cloned from canine (Kv1.2, Kv1.5) and from human (Kv2.2) colon were expressed in Xenopus oocytes. PCP blocked all three currents with similar potency. In contrast, PCP (up to 10-4 mol L-1) did not reduce the magnitude of Ca2+-dependent outward current of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK channels).
Synthesis and Self-Assembly of a Heteroarm Star Amphiphile with 12 Alternating Arms and a Well-Defined Core (2003)

We report on a stepwise synthesis of a heteroarm starlike amphiphile containing 12 alternating arms (six polystyrene and six poly(acrylic acid)) connected to a hexabiphenyl aromatic core. The synthesis does not involve polymerization, and only commercially available precursors are used. Most importantly, this amphiphile undergoes self-assembly into spherical and wormlike cylindrical micelles in aqueous and methanol solutions, and forms reverse 1D micellar structures in chloroform. This remarkable morphological diversity of the reported amphiphile 1 is believed to be a direct consequence of its well-defined molecular architecture.