gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of Buffered Peptone Water for Improved Recovery of Heat‐Injured  <i>Salmonella</i>  Typhimurium (2011)

Rapid detection of Salmonella in foods is often limited by the high demand for the sensitivity of detection, poor physiological conditions of the target cells, and high concentration of background flora. In this study, the conditions of nonselective enrichment cultivation were modified in order to improve the quantitative detection of heat-injured Salmonella in minced meat. The effect of the modifications on the recovery was observed by means of RNA-based sandwich hybridization, which was adjusted for the quantification of Salmonella enterica 23S rRNA in crude cell extracts. The supplementation of buffered peptone water with the enzyme-controlled substrate delivery system EnBase-Flo and ferrioxamine E was shown to improve the recovery of cells in both single strain cultures and in the presence of minced meat. The presented results can be used for the development of more efficient enrichment cultivation media for faster detection of food borne Salmonella.
Primary Proteolysis of Cheese Proteins During Ripening. A Review (1985)

Cheese undergoes a series of complex, sequential changes during ripening that are caused by proteinases from milk, milk-clotting enzymes, lactic starter cultures, and other microorganisms that are adventitious or are added. Actions of these agents on casein fractions and serum proteins as affected by environmental conditions are reviewed.
Production of Kestoses (Fructosylsucroses) by <i>Phytophthora parasitica</i> var. <i>nicotianae</i> (1977)

The synthesis of kestoses (trisaccharides composed of two fructose units and one glucose unit) by races 0 and 1 of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae is shown. The trisaccharide is found in culture filtrates of isolates grown in liquid media containing 3% sucrose. The utilization of sucrose and trisaccharide formation by the organisms over a 16-day period is described. The kestoses were identified by chemical and enzymatic analysis, and two of three possible isomers were found.
Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated innate immune responses and their roles in airway diseases (2008)

Inhaled air is contaminated with pathogens and particulates that may deposit in the airways and damage the host. In response to these invaders, the airway epithelium has developed innate immune responses that provide a defence against the invaders and protect the airway structure and function. Thus, the epithelium of conducting airways becomes the "battleground" between the invaders and the host. Recent evidence suggests that airway epithelial surface signalling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a convergent pathway producing innate immune responses to a variety of infectious and noninfectious noxious stimuli. In the present review, the EGFR signalling pathways leading to airway mucin production, neutrophil recruitment (via interleukin-8 production) and airway epithelial repair were examined. The importance of these findings in human airway diseases was also investigated. The current authors suggest that the exaggerated innate immune responses found in chronic inflammatory airway diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and severe asthma) contribute to the pathogenesis or the aggravation of these diseases. Potential therapies include inhibition of the various elements of the described epidermal growth factor receptor cascade. In considering each therapeutic intervention, the potential benefits must be considered in relation to potential deleterious effects.
Some Aspects of Nonorthogonal Data Analysis (1973)

It is known that regression results can be misleading when the predictor variables (x's) are highly correlated (nonorthogonal). The objective of this paper is to present some guidelines for deciding when the correlations among the x's are so large that the numerical accuracy and/or physical interpretation of regression results should be questioned. A measure of nonorthogonality is presented and the effects of correlated x's and poor model formulation on tho estimated coefficients are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the practical interpretation of regression results. Two illustrative examples are presented.
AN ULTRA-THIN PACKAGED MEMS OSCILLATOR (2008)

This paper reports the world's thinnest packaged oscillator, the SiT8002UT (Figure This device is a 370m thick oscillator (3.0x3.5mm lateral dimensions) that can be programmed to a frequency between 1 and 125MHz with a 10ppm initial frequency resolution. The stability of the SiT8002UT over the industrial temperature range is evaluated to be +/-20ppm. The SiT800UT is also, to our knowledge, the thinnest packaged MEMS product. In order to realize this device, functional 75m-thick MEMS wafers are also demonstrated. Figure 1: Images of the SiT8002UT. Nominal thickness is 370m =5m).
Apoptin Nuclear Accumulation Is Modulated by a CRM1-Recognized Nuclear Export Signal that Is Active in Normal but not in Tumor Cells (2005)

Tumor cell-specific activity of chicken anemia virus viral protein 3 (VP3 or apoptin) is believed to be dependent on its ability to localize in the nucleus of transformed but not of primary or nontransformed cells. The present study characterizes the signals responsible for the novel nucleocytoplasmic trafficking properties of VP3 using two isogenic tumor/nontumor cell pairs. In addition to the tumor cell-specific nuclear targeting signal, comprising two stretches of basic amino acids in the VP3 COOH terminus which are highly efficient in tumor but not in normal cells, we define the CRM1-recognized nuclear export sequence (NES) within the VP3 tumor cell-specific nuclear targeting signal for the first time. Intriguingly, the NES (amino acids 97-105) is functional in normal but not in tumor cells through the action of the threonine 108 phosphorylation site adjacent to the NES which inhibits its action. In addition, we characterize a leucine-rich sequence (amino acids 33-46) that assists VP3 nuclear accumulation by functioning as a nuclear retention sequence, conferring association with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies. This unique combination of signals is the basis of the tumor cell-specific nuclear targeting abilities of VP3.
Optical-phase conjugation-a new approach to future high-capacity optical communication systems (1994)

The potential of optical-phase conjugation (OPC) to compensate for distortions arising from disersion and nonlinear self-phase modulation has been verified theoretically and experimentally. Furthermore it has been clarified that OPC-based systems are suitable for building transparent ultra-high capacity intercity links, by upgrading the already embedded standard-fibre system. For data rates exceeding 10 Gbit/s similar performances can only be achieved by taking advantage of fibre-optic dispersion equalizers which, however, cannot completely eliminate the degradations from nonlinearity. >
Revision surgery for penile implants. (1994)

Over the last two decades, penile implants have been associated with a 81-97% patient satisfaction. Complications and revisions are inevitable sequelae of penile implant surgery. Between 1982 and 1992, a total of 47 patients were presented to us with complications related to penile implants who required surgical correction. Forty-two of 47 patients elected to do so. All 42 who opted for corrective surgery have functioning implants with 38 characterizing the result as good and four reporting them as fair. The corrective surgeries included corporal reconstruction with Goretex graft in five patients and use of rear tip extender for posterior crural repair in one patient. There was no increase in the incidence of infection or mechanical malfunction.
Vertically aligned and ordered hematite hierarchical columnar arrays for applications in field-emission, superhydrophilicity, and photocatalysis (2010)

We achieved the vertically aligned and ordered hematite hierarchical columnar arrays using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with polystyrene (PS) colloid spheres as templates. Crystallized hematite hexagonal-close-packed columnar arrays are fabricated at room temperature and can be transformed to hexagonal-non-close-packed columnar arrays at an annealing temperature of 450 °C. The hierarchical columns consist of assembled nanoplates or nanoparticles, depending on the oxygen pressures during the PLD process. The improved performance in field emission (FE), surface wetting, and photocatalytic properties of the hematite hierarchical columnar arrays is due to the unique morphology of the superstructures and controlled compositions.
Endothelium-Dependent Cerebral Artery Dilation Mediated by TRPA1 and Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Activated K <sup>+</sup> Channels (2009)

Although it is well established that changes in endothelial intracellular [Ca(2+)] regulate endothelium-dependent vasodilatory pathways, the molecular identities of the ion channels responsible for Ca(2+) influx in these cells are not clearly defined. The sole member of the ankyrin (A) transient receptor potential (TRP) subfamily, TRPA1, is a Ca(2+)-permeable nonselective cation channel activated by electrophilic compounds such as acrolein (tear gas), allicin (garlic), and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) (mustard oil). The present study examines the hypothesis that Ca(2+) influx via TRPA1 causes endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The effects of TRPA1 activity on vascular tone were examined using isolated, pressurized cerebral arteries. AITC induced concentration-dependent dilation of pressurized vessels with myogenic tone that was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in smooth muscle intracellular [Ca(2+)]. AITC-induced dilation was attenuated by disruption of the endothelium and when the TRPA1 channel blocker HC-030031 was present in the arterial lumen. TRPA1 channels were found to be present in native endothelial cells, localized to endothelial cell membrane projections proximal to vascular smooth muscle cells. AITC-induced dilation was insensitive to nitric oxide synthase or cyclooxygenase inhibition but was blocked by luminal administration of the small and intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel blockers apamin and TRAM34. BaCl(2), a blocker of inwardly rectifying K(+) channels, also inhibited AITC-induced dilation. AITC-induced smooth muscle cell hyperpolarization was blocked by apamin and TRAM34. We conclude that Ca(2+) influx via endothelial TRPA1 channels elicits vasodilation of cerebral arteries by a mechanism involving endothelial cell Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels and inwardly rectifying K(+) channels in arterial myocytes.
<i>X-LIGAND</i>: an application for the automated addition of flexible ligands into electron density (2001)

With the advent of drug-design experiments where the interaction between a protein and a ligand is determined using X-ray crystallography, the use of automated methods for modelling the ligand into electron density represents a powerful tool. Once the protein structure has been determined by crystallography it is normal that subsequent ligand-complex structures are isomorphous, or nearly so, with the original structure and it is necessary only to determine the fit of ligand to any unsatisfied electron density. The X-LIGAND application was designed with this protocol in mind and provides a tool that searches for unsatisfied electron density and then fits flexible ligands to this within minutes without user intervention.
Photobiological Activity of Ru(II) Dyads Based on (Pyren-1-yl)ethynyl Derivatives of 1,10-Phenanthroline (2010)

Several mononuclear Ru(II) dyads possessing 1,10-phenanthroline-appended pyrenylethynylene ligands were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their potential in photobiological applications such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). These complexes interact with DNA via intercalation and photocleave DNA in vitro at submicromolar concentrations when irradiated with visible light (lambda(irr) > or = 400 nm). Such properties are remarkably sensitive to the position of the ethynylpyrenyl substituent on the 1,10-phenanthroline ring, with 3-substitution showing the strongest binding under all conditions and causing the most deleterious DNA damage. Both dyads photocleave DNA under hypoxic conditions, and this photoactivity translates well to cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity models using human leukemia cells, where the 5- and 3-substituted dyads show photocytotoxicity at 5-10 microM and 10-20 microM, respectively, with minimal, or essentially no, dark toxicity at these concentrations. This lack of dark cytotoxicity at concentrations where significant photoactivity is observed emphasizes that agents with strong intercalating units, previously thought to be too toxic for phototherapeutic applications, should not be excluded from the arsenal of potential photochemotherapeutic agents under investigation.
Towards using Wikipedia as a substitute corpus for topic detection and metadata generation in e-learning (2006)

Metadata is crucial for reuse of Learning Resources. Only with good metadata, there is a chance that a Learning Resource can be successfully found in a repository. However, many Learning Resources are still delivered with no or little attached metadata. Automatic metadata generation is used to put things right- either as assistance for the author, or as part of a repository’s retrieval functionality. Among the various metadata fields, those that cover the topic of a Learning Resource are the most important ones-especially keywords and categorization information. This paper presents a novel approach for domainindependent classification and keyword extraction by utilizing the immense knowledge that is gathered in the free Wikipedia encyclopedia. Wikipedia is proposed as a substitute corpus for classification methods in E-Learning. To support this proposal, the co-occurrence of matching topics and statistical similarity between Learning Resources and Wikipedia articles is analyzed. An algorithm for keyword generation based on the Wikipedia encyclopedia has been implemented and is described in detail in this paper. First results of the algorithm are presented and discussed. 1.
Randomized study on the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: the TIMIC study (2009)

These data confirm the efficacy of immunosuppression in virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Lack of response in 12% of cases suggests the presence of not screened viruses or mechanisms of damage and inflammation not susceptible to immunosuppression.
Improving Pedigree-based Linkage Analysis by Estimating Coancestry Among Families (2012)

We present a method for improving the power of linkage analysis by detecting chromosome segments shared identical by descent (IBD) by individuals not known to be related. Existing Markov chain Monte Carlo methods sample descent patterns on pedigrees conditional on observed marker data. These patterns can be stored as IBD graphs, which express shared ancestry only, rather than specific family relationships. A model for IBD between unrelated individuals allows the estimation of coancestry between individuals in different pedigrees. IBD graphs on separate pedigrees can then be combined using these estimates. We report results from analyses of three sets of simulated marker data on two different pedigrees. We show that when families share a gene for a trait due to shared ancestry on the order of tens of generations, our method can detect a linkage signal when independent analyses of the families do not.
Predominant Th1 and Cytotoxic Phenotype in Biopsies from Renal Transplant Recipients with Transplant Glomerulopathy (2009)

Transplant glomerulopathy (TGP) appears to be a pathogenic feature of chronic antibody-mediated rejection, but the pathogenesis of this histologic entity is still poorly understood. Previous studies suggest the involvement of lymphocytes but the phenotypes of these cells have never been analyzed. Here, we report the first study of mRNAs for specific markers of CD4+ T cells including Th1 (T-bet and INFgamma), Th2 (IL4 and GATA3), Treg (Foxp3) and Th17 (IL-17 and RORgammat) subsets, cytotoxic CD8 T cells (Granzyme B) and B-cell markers (CD20) in renal biopsies from renal transplant recipients suffering interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) with or without TGP but with a similar inflammatory score and controls including transplant recipients with normal renal function. Only INFgamma, T-bet (both functionally defined markers of Th1 CD4 T cells) and granzyme B (a CD8 cytotoxic marker) were significantly more strongly expressed in patients with TGP than in patients without TGP and normal controls. These results indicate a role of an active T-mediated inflammatory and cytotoxic process in the pathogenesis of TGP.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering (2019)

Biotechnology and Bioengineering presents the most up-to-date research on biobased technologies. It is designed to help scientists and researchers deepen their knowledge in this critical knowledge field. This solid resource brings together multidisciplinary research, development, and innovation for a wide study of Biotechnology and Bioengineering.
Virus Adsorption to Microporous Filters Modified by in situ Precipitation of Metallic Salts (1986)

Microporous and depth filters composed of fiberglass, cellulose, and nitrocellulose were placed in solutions of soluble metallic salts such as ferric chloride. Following adsorption of the soluble salt, the filters were allowed to dry and then placed in a solution of sodium or ammonium hydroxide. This resulted in the formation of stable precipitates in and around the fibers of the filters. Filters modified by this procedure of insitu precipitation adsorbed significantly more viruses than untreated filters. Filters modified by the insitu precipitation of combinations of salts such as ferric and aluminum or magnesium generally were better virus adsorbers than filters modified by the precipitation of a single salt.
Microcomputer-controlled polishing machine for very smooth and deep aspherical surfaces (1987)

The authors were required to fabricate small highly curved components with unusually deep asphericity together with extremely smooth and low damaged surfaces using lithium niobate, a crystalline material with anisotropic machining properties. Diamond-turning produced an accurate profile but with unacceptable roughness. Because existing CNC machines could not polish these surfaces adequately, a new polishing machine was developed. Three axes were controlled by a microcomputer to drive a very small rotating polishing tool over the rotating aspherical surface. The tool path was controlled to remove material uniformly from the surface or make corrections to surface profile.
Magneto-impedance in sandwich film for magnetic sensor heads (1996)

This paper presents results on magneto-impedance (MI) in a NiFe/Co/NiFe sandwich film of 0.2 /spl mu/m thickness, which exhibits the impedance change up to 8% for a field of 4 Oe at a frequency of 400 MHz. The effect of voltage change with the field can be especially large (/spl sim/200% for 5 Oe) if the sandwich film is incorporated in a self oscillation circuit which can be directly used for magnetic sensor head applications. The comparative analysis of MI in a sandwich film and a single magnetic layer is given, demonstrating that the sandwich structure can show an increase in MI of about a factor of 6 over a single magnetic layer and the maximum MI effect occurs at frequencies of an order of magnitude lower.
Combining alkylation and transalkylation for alkylaromatic production (2004)

The alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with olefins is applied on a large scale in the chemical industry. The efficiency of these productions is highly improved performing alkylation combined with transalkylation, the latter allowing conversion of some low valued by-products such as polyalkylbenzenes into their monosubstituted homologues. The aim of this contribution is to summarize some examples of novel industrial processes, based on new catalysts that are environmentally friendly, for the production of ethylbenzene and cumene, two of the most important chemicals produced by alkylation/transalkylation.
The spread and acquisition of NDM-1: a multifactorial problem (2013)

bla NDM is a major mechanism of resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to β-lactam antibiotics including the carbapenems. bla NDM has been acquired by a large range of Gram-negative bacilli, especially by the Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp. The combination of human factors (suboptimal antibiotic stewardship and infection control, movement of people between countries) plus bacterial factors (hospital adapted clones, environmental persistence and prolific horizontal gene transfer) have led to global spread of bla NDM at a rapid pace. Treatment options for New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) producers are very limited. For serious infections, combination therapy including a polymyxin is preferred. However, resistance to polymyxins is emerging. Clearly, substantial international efforts must be made to control the spread of NDM producers or else many of the advances of modern medicine may be undermined by untreatable infections.
Extraction and Purification of Fullerenes: A Comprehensive Review (1995)

Abstract This review summarizes the advances of the last four years in the field of fullerenes purification. Purification involves extraction from soots, which may be considered as a prepurification step, and separation by liquid chromatography, where the different stationary phases tested are listed. We also describe other purification techniques, like elution on molecular sieves or activated charcoal, gel permeation, and supercritical fluids purification. Our purpose is to show the reader the general trends for obtaining pure C60 and C70. We conclude that no technique is better than another, but that each purification method may offer its own qualities, depending on the application.
High efficiency Al-N cermet solar coatings with double cermet layer film structures (1999)

A physical model of the optical behaviour of aluminium nitride cermet solar coatings has been used to optimize the metal volume fraction and layer thickness of the coatings. A modified photo-thermal conversion efficiency for solar collector tubes is presented and used. The cermet layers are generally deposited by reactive sputtering in a gas mixture of argon and nitrogen. Sputtered aluminium Alsp is used as a metallic component in the cermet and its refractive index, evaluated in this study, is employed. Due to oxygen contamination, aluminium oxynitride (AlON) is used as a ceramic component in the cermet. Bruggeman approximations are used to calculate the dielectric function for composite materials. An initial ten-layer grade film optimized to one nearly identical to a double cermet film structure when maximizing photo-thermal conversion efficiency at 80 °C under a concentration of 1. The optimized films, F10Lm (for initial ten-layer graded film) and F3Lm (for three-layer film) have an identical solar absorptance of 0.957 and an identical hemispherical emittance of 0.048 at 80 °C. The optimized film consists of one anti-reflection layer and two cermet layers with metal volume fractions of 0.093 and 0.255, and thicknesses of 30 nm and 93 nm, respectively, going from the anti-reflection coating to the infrared reflector layer. The solar performance can be further improved using a lower refractive index anti-reflection layer and a lower emittance infrared reflector. For example, using an Al2O3 anti-reflection layer, the solar absorptance increases to 0.974, and using a Cu infrared reflector, hemispherical emittance decreases to 0.033 at 80 °C. For these different anti-reflection and infrared reflector materials, optimized calculations have also predicted that the double cermet layer film structures have the highest photo-thermal conversion efficiency.