gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of input control in a simple scheduling model (1984)

Abstract Input control is a generic procedure for smoothing production workload by delaying work during intervals of heavy load. While input control techniques have several practical benefits, they also have an inherent disadvantage. By restricting the set of jobs available for scheduling, an input control procedure removes some of the scheduling options that would otherwise be available. This paper examines the impact of such a procedure in a simple simulation model. The simulation model represents a production shop in a simplified way, as a single machine, but the production control system has three distinct parts. The first part assigns due‐dates to customer orders, taking into consideration the size of each job and the workload in the shop. The second part is a job releasing rule that implements input control. The third part is a priority dispatching procedure that is aimed at meeting due‐dates. By representing this three‐part control system the model provides an opportunity to explore the interdependence between input control and other control procedures. Reinforcing previous research, the simulation experiments confirm that modified due‐date priorities perform more effectively than other basic priority rules when performance is measured by average tardiness. Moreover, the experiments indicate that performance under the modified due‐date regime is never improved by the use of input control. On the other hand, with dispatching rules that rely on shortest‐first or critical ratio priorities, the experiments indicate that input control is sometimes advantageous. The effects of input control on scheduling performance thus appear to be somewhat complicated, and further experiments were designed to explore some of the relationships involved. The principal finding, however, provides a warning that input control can be counterproductive.
Accepted or Abandoned? Predicting the Fate of Code Changes. (2019)

Many mature Open-Source Software (OSS), as well as commercial, organizations have adopted peer code review as an integral part of the development process to ensure the quality of the product. Of particular interest are code changes that end up abandoned, either because they are rejected, or (more commonly) because they are never accepted at all (at least not through the review tool). Several factors such as resource allocation, job environment, and efficiency mismatch between the author and the reviewer may cause a code change to be abandoned even after months of efforts from the developers and the reviewers. Predicting the review outcome of such code changes can ease the prioritization of tasks and the utilization of limited resources by saving time spent on low-quality code changes. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive study to predict whether a code change is merged or abandoned and applied various well-known supervised machine learning algorithms. We propose PredCR, a Random Forest based model that predicts the review outcome of a code change with 0.91 f-measure at the beginning of the code change on the test set. Also, it improves predictions of abandoned changes by 27\%-103\% and merged changes by 5\%-11\%. Our model accurately classifies 93\% of the top 25\% code changes (with average 196 days duration) that go longest without being merged. PredCR can also adapt to the changes in feature values at different stages of the review process although it achieves very high performance at the very early stage (within 10\% of the review process). This way, prediction quality for a particular code change can improve as the code review progresses. We also conducted a study to find out the properties of an ideal training set for our tool. We found that training with the instances from the same projects ensures 9\%-25\% performance increase.
A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach to Seasonal Hurricane Modeling (2004)

A hierarchical Bayesian strategy for modeling annual U.S. hurricane counts from the period 1851-2000 is illustrated. The approach is based on a separation of the reliable twentieth-century records from the less precise nineteenth-century records and makes use of Poisson regression. The work extends a recent climatological analysis of U.S. hurricanes by including predictors (covariates) in the form of indices for the El Nin o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Model integration is achieved through a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. A Bayesian strategy that uses only hurricane counts from the twentieth century together with noninformative priors compares favorably to a traditional (frequentist) approach and confirms a statistical relationship between climate patterns and coastal hurricane activity. Coinciding La Nin a and negative NAO conditions significantly increase the probability of a U.S. hurricane. Hurricane counts from the nineteenth century are bootstrapped to obtain informative priors on the model parameters. The earlier records, though less reliable, allow for a more precise description of U.S. hurricane activity. This translates to a greater certainty in the authors' belief about the effects of ENSO and NAO on coastal hurricane activity. Similar conclusions are drawn when annual U.S. hurricane counts are disaggregated into regional counts. Contingent on the availability of values for the covariates, the models can be used to make predictive inferences about the hurricane season.
Temporal analysis of a very large topically categorized Web query log (2006)

Abstract The authors review a log of billions of Web queries that constituted the total query traffic for a 6‐month period of a general‐purpose commercial Web search service. Previously, query logs were studied from a single, cumulative view. In contrast, this study builds on the authors' previous work, which showed changes in popularity and uniqueness of topically categorized queries across the hours in a day. To further their analysis, they examine query traffic on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis by matching it against lists of queries that have been topically precategorized by human editors. These lists represent 13% of the query traffic. They show that query traffic from particular topical categories differs both from the query stream as a whole and from other categories. Additionally, they show that certain categories of queries trend differently over varying periods. The authors key contribution is twofold: They outline a method for studying both the static and topical properties of a very large query log over varying periods, and they identify and examine topical trends that may provide valuable insight for improving both retrieval effectiveness and efficiency.
Addendum (1960)

Of the many articles related to this subject that have become available from July, 1959 to May, 1960, a few will be cited which may be of general interest.
New Measurements of Solar Particle Events Enriched in Heavy Ions (1999)

The four most heavy-ion-rich of the nine largest solar energetic particle events detected by the Solar Isotope Spectrometer on the ACE, are the focus of this paper. We have used isotopic measurements of Ne to determine the degree of charge/mass fractionation and infer the charge states of C - Ni in these events. The results indicate a source temperature of ~ 4 x 10^6 K; this and the measured abundances suggest that these four events more similar to impulsive events than gradual. Although the ^3He/^4He ratios are not enhanced to the level typical of impulsive events, there are measurable enhancements over typical solar wind values in three of the events.
435. The synthesis of some cyclic hydroxamic acids from o-aminocarboxylic acids (1960)

D. Harrison and A. C. B. Smith, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 2157 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600002157
RNAi-mediated viral immunity requires amplification of virus-derived siRNAs in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2009)

In diverse eukaryotic organisms, Dicer-processed, virus-derived small interfering RNAs direct antiviral immunity by RNA silencing or RNA interference. Here we show that in addition to core dicing and slicing components of RNAi, the RNAi-mediated viral immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana requires host RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RDR) 1 or RDR6 to produce viral secondary siRNAs following viral RNA replication-triggered biogenesis of primary siRNAs. We found that the two antiviral RDRs exhibited specificity in targeting the tripartite positive-strand RNA genome of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). RDR1 preferentially amplified the 5'-terminal siRNAs of each of the three viral genomic RNAs, whereas an increased production of siRNAs targeting the 3' half of RNA3 detected in rdr1 mutant plants appeared to be RDR6-dependent. However, siRNAs derived from a single-stranded 336-nucleotide satellite RNA of CMV were not amplified by either antiviral RDR, suggesting avoidance of the potent RDR-dependent silencing as a strategy for the molecular parasite of CMV to achieve preferential replication. Our work thus identifies a distinct mechanism for the amplification of immunity effectors, which together with the requirement for the biogenesis of endogenous siRNAs, may play a role in the emergence and expansion of eukaryotic RDRs.
Scintillation properties and anomalous Ce<sup>3+</sup>emission of Cs<sub>2</sub>NaREBr<sub>6</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup>(RE = La,Y,Lu) (2006)

We report the optical and scintillation properties of the Ce(3+)-doped bromoelpasolites Cs(2)NaREBr(6) (RE = La,Y,Lu). The γ-ray scintillation light yield of these materials varies from 6000 to 17 000 photons per MeV absorbed γ-ray energy. At room temperature (RT), the γ-ray scintillation decay curves for all compounds show a fast component of 61 ns, whereas the intrinsic Ce(3+) decay time is 30 ns. The scintillation mechanism in elpasolites is addressed. In Cs(2)NaLuBr(6):Ce(3+) and Cs(2)NaYBr(6):Ce(3+), we observe for the first time the so-called Ce(3+) anomalous emission in bromide compounds. This emission previously observed for chloride compounds is an ultrafast Ce(3+) emission with a selective excitation mechanism. The decay time of the anomalous emission at 10 K in bromide compounds (∼7.80 ns) is faster than that in chloride compounds (∼9.90 ns). Two bands of the anomalous emission are resolved for the first time. The mechanism behind this emission is discussed.
Sinogram restoration for ultra-low-dose x-ray multi-slice helical CT by nonparametric regression (2007)

During the last decade, x-ray computed tomography (CT) has been applied to screen large asymptomatic smoking and nonsmoking populations for early lung cancer detection. Because a larger population will be involved in such screening exams, more and more attention has been paid to studying low-dose, even ultra-low-dose x-ray CT. However, reducing CT radiation exposure will increase noise level in the sinogram, thereby degrading the quality of reconstructed CT images as well as causing more streak artifacts near the apices of the lung. Thus, how to reduce the noise levels and streak artifacts in the low-dose CT images is becoming a meaningful topic. Since multi-slice helical CT has replaced conventional stop-and-shoot CT in many clinical applications, this research mainly focused on the noise reduction issue in multi-slice helical CT. The experiment data were provided by Siemens SOMATOM Sensation 16-Slice helical CT. It included both conventional CT data acquired under 120 kvp voltage and 119 mA current and ultra-low-dose CT data acquired under 120 kvp and 10 mA protocols. All other settings are the same as that of conventional CT. In this paper, a nonparametric smoothing method with thin plate smoothing splines and the roughness penalty was proposed to restore the ultra-low-dose CT raw data. Each projection frame was firstly divided into blocks, and then the 2D data in each block was fitted to a thin-plate smoothing splines' surface via minimizing a roughness-penalized least squares objective function. By doing so, the noise in each ultra-low-dose CT projection was reduced by leveraging the information contained not only within each individual projection profile, but also among nearby profiles. Finally the restored ultra-low-dose projection data were fed into standard filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm to reconstruct CT images. The rebuilt results as well as the comparison between proposed approach and traditional method were given in the results and discussions section, and showed effectiveness of proposed thin-plate based nonparametric regression method.
Five-co-ordinate copper(<scp>II</scp>) complexes of the quadridentate Schiff-base ligand NN′-bis-(2-pyridylmethylene)ethane-1,2-diamine, and some related ligands (1969)

Three classes of complexes of copper(II) with the quadridentate Schiff-base ligand (bpe) derived from pyridine-2-carbaldehyde and ethane-1,2-diamine are described: (a) Cu2 bpe X4(where X = Cl, Br, and NCS); (b) Cu bpe X′X″(where X′= X″= ClO4 and Br, and X′= l, X″= ClO4); and (c)[Cu2 bpe3](ClO4)4. Complexes of the first type appear to be polymeric, possibly based on a five-co-ordinate copper(II) stereochemistry. Evidence is given for the existence of the five-co-ordinate cations [Cu bpe X]+(where X = Br, I) in the solid compounds of type (b), and in solution in nitromethane (X = Cl, Br, l). Details are given of a reaction in which the compound Cu bpe (ClO4)2 reacts with alcohol solutions of a tetra-alkylammonium halide or thiocyanate to form five-co-ordinate compounds of the type [Cu(bpe,ROH)X]ClO4(where R = Me, Et; and X = Cl, Br, l, NCS). One molecule of alcohol adds across only one of the Schiff-base CN groups. The rationalisation of this reaction by consideration of the steric requirements of the ligand is supported by a recent X-ray structural determination of one of the crystalline compounds. Compounds of the homologous Schiff-base ligand (bpt) derived from pyridine-2-carbaldehyde and propane-1,3-diamine, Cu bpt (ClO4)2 and [Cu bpt I] ClO4 are also described.
MACULAR YELLOW PIGMENT (1981)

Since 1782 there has been continuing controversy concerning the curious central coloration referred to as "macular yellow," but no cumulative source of information on the subject exists. This paper reviews the research efforts of two centuries to determine the existence, nature, location, and function of a specialized pigment in the foveal region. Using white-light illumination, it is difficult to see a macular yellow spot in the living eye; it is best observed and documented by red-free ophthalmoscopy and blue-light monochromatic photography. Histologic, biochemical, and spectral absorption data suggest that the yellow color is due to a xanthophyllic pigment, lutein, that is distributed in all retinal layers internal to the outer nuclear layer, with greatest concentration in the outer and inner plexiform layers. Clinically absent in newborns, the pigment gradually accumulates from dietary sources and appears to serve both as an optical filter, by absorbing blue light and reducing chromatic aberration, and in a protective capacity, preventing actinic damage. The absorption characteristics of the yellow pigment contribute to the central dark spot seen during fluorescein angiography and to the risk of photocoagulation near the fovea. Its apparent absence in albinos and the reported functional improvement in certain degenerative retinopathies following supplemental xanthophyll administration suggest a possible role in hereditary or acquired maculopathies.
Stability Analysis of a High-Speed Automotive Turbocharger (2007)

Automotive turbochargers are known to have operation into the linear unstable region. The operation in the nonlinear limit cycle has been tolerated on most applications to date. The need for a quieter, smoother operation and reduced emissions has prompted new evaluations of the rotor-bearing design for these systems. In this research, a commercial rotordynamics computer program is used to evaluate the stability and transient response of a high-speed automotive turbocharger. Various models with varying bearing designs and properties have been solved to obtain the linear stability threshold speeds and also the nonlinear transient response. The predicted whirl speed map shows two modes of instability and is very similar to the limited test results in the literature. The calculation process is discussed in detail and the results of the current research will be compared to the literature. An experimental research project is currently in progress at Virginia Tech and those results will be documented in a future publication.
Protocol enhancements for SATCOM DAMA military standards (2002)

Military communication networks in the near future are expected to be integrated and dynamic. In order to deal with dynamic user needs, demand-assigned multiple access (DAMA) techniques are being developed and standardized for military satellite communication (SATCOM) networks. In the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) band, two military standards have been released. However, a technical working group (TWG) within the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) has been formed to address some of the anticipated shortcomings of networks operating per these standards. In the superhigh frequency (SHF) band, although not yet released, two documents representing a military standard exist in final draft form. In the extremely high frequency (EHF) band, several organizations are developing protocols for DAMA operation that will likely lead to a future military standard. This study proposes and evaluates the improvements resulting from several protocol enhancements, primarily for UHF DAMA. The study gives consideration to the impact on operation of existing equipment in its assessment of various protocol enhancements. The proposed protocol enhancements address the following needs: short delay (call setup and voice/data throughput) connections, fast mode changes between the two standardized UHF DAMA modes, reduction of overhead when dynamic DAMA protocols are supporting relatively static services, and increased capability to handle network dynamics for standardized protocols having insufficient orderwire capacity. This study considered the need for multiple-hop global connections having short throughput delays. Because of the general trend to integrate previously isolated communication systems, the importance of addressing multiple-hop within a single system (e.g., UHF SATCOM) is diminishing and therefore was not further investigated. This study also considered the need for standardized high-rate DAMA services on SHF channels; however, the existing draft military standards were found to be adequate in this area. In other areas, the study proposes and describes enhancements that offer significant improvements in network capability with minimal impacts on the operation of existing equipment.
Binary combinatorial coding (2003)

Summary form only given. A novel binary entropy code, called combinatorial coding (CC), is presented. The theoretical basis for CC has been described previously under the context of universal coding, enumerative coding, and minimum description length. The code described in these references works as follows: assume the source data are binary of length M, memoryless, and generated with an unknown parameter /spl theta/ (the probability that a "1" occurs). The compression efficiency, and encoding and decoding speed of CC against Huffman and arithmetic coding were tested. Over the entire test, CC achieved the compression efficiency of arithmetic coding, together with the coding speed of Huffman coding.
Hemorrhagic Transformation of Ischemic Brain Tissue (2001)

Only parenchymal hematoma type 2 independently causes clinical deterioration and impairs prognosis. It has a distinct radiological feature: it is a dense homogeneous hematoma >30% of the ischemic lesion volume with significant space-occupying effect.
The cuprizone model for demyelination (2008)

The cuprizone model correlates with newer histopathological data in MS and is a valuable tool for studies on de- and remyelination. The use of the C57BL/6 strain offers the potential for future studies on transgene and knockout mice.
A new multicode interference cancellation method for HSDPA system (2009)

This paper proposes a new multicode interference cancellation algorithm which uses frequency responses of the channelization codes used in HSDPA system. The proposed algorithm estimates the multicode interference components at the chip rate, and then it improves the detection performance e by removing the estimated interferences from received signal. The computer simulation shows that the receiver adapting the proposed algorithm decreases the receiving power by 6.0 dB to achieve 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> uncoded BER compared with conventional LMMSE algorithm.
Thermoelectric power in fiber optic and laser materials under cross-field configuration (1991)

In this paper we have studied the thermoelectric power in quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots of laser and fiber optic materials within the framework of k.p formalism by deriving the respective electron energy spectra in the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields respectively. It is found, taking n-Cd3P, as an example, that the same power decreases in various nanner with increasing electron concentration, decreasing magnetic field arid decreasing film thickness respectively. The theoretical results are in quantitative agreement with the experimental observations as reported elsewhere. In addition, the corresponding expressions for three-band Kane model, two-band Kane model and that of parabolic models fiber optic and laser materials have been obtained as special cases of our generalized analysis.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An occupancy-based and channel-aware multi-level adaptive scheme for video communications over wireless channels (2011)

Abstract Video streaming over wireless channels is challenged with the time-varying nature of the underlying channels and the stringent requirements of video applications. In particular, video streaming has strict requirements on bandwidth, delay, and loss rate while wireless channels are dynamic and error-prone by nature. In this article, we propose a novel multilevel adaptive scheme that is designed to mitigate the challenges facing video streaming over unreliable channels. This is done while preventing potential playback discontinuities and guaranteeing a graceful degradation of the rendered video quality. Scalable video coding, adaptive modulation, and adaptive channel coding are integrated to achieve the objectives of the proposed scheme. If adaptive modulation and channel coding are not enough to guarantee the on-time delivery of decodable video frames, we adopt scalable coding. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive scheme achieves an improvement of about 2.5 dB in the peak signal-to-noise ratio over a nonadaptive one. In addition, the proposed scheme reduces the number of starvation instances by 50 and 90% in the cases of Stop-and-Wait and Go-Back-N automatic repeat requests, respectively.
Intranasal conformers: a case report. (1997)

This case report describes the clinical and laboratory procedures in treating a patient that was referred to the dental clinic with the chief complaint of difficulty of breathing through his nose. Examination of the patient revealed constricted nostrils as a result of previous surgeries. It was decided that the patient would benefit from construction of intranasal conformers. The conformers were constructed from acrylic resin because of the material's durability, ease of cleaning, esthetics and ability to be hollowed-out to allow for nasal breathing. Alginate molds were used in this case, as this type of mold offers the advantage of being reusable. Although this procedure does not fall within the usual area of dentistry, members of the dental team may, on occasion, be asked for this service.