gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular endothelial growth factor is an autocrine survival factor for breast tumour cells under hypoxia (2008)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is produced by most tumour types and stimulates the growth of new blood vessels in the tumour. The expansion of a solid tumour ultimately leads to the development of hypoxic regions, which increases VEGF production and further angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the role of VEGF in the survival of breast tumour cells under hypoxia. Murine 4T1 and human MDA-MB-231 tumour cells were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic growth conditions in the presence or absence of VEGF neutralising antibodies. Apoptosis was assessed in addition to changes in expression of the anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Bad, respectively. The effect of hypoxia on the novel VEGF receptor, NP1 (neuropilin-1) and the role of the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase) signalling pathway in response to VEGF were examined. VEGF blockade resulted in direct tumour cell apoptosis of both tumour cell lines under normoxia and hypoxia. While blocking VEGF resulted in a downregulation of hypoxia-induced Bcl-2 expression, there was a significant increase in the pro-apoptotic protein Bad relative to cells cultured under hypoxia alone. Both hypoxia and VEGF phosphorylated Akt. Neutralising antibodies to VEGF abrogated this effect, implicating the PI3K pathway in VEGF-mediated cell survival of mammary adenocarcinoma cells. This study demonstrates that VEGF acts as a survival factor not only for endothelial cells as previously thought, but also for some breast tumour cells, protecting them from apoptosis, particularly under hypoxic stress. The data presented provide an additional rationale for combining anti-VEGF strategies with conventional anti-cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Technologies of sedimentary information extraction and intelligent interpretation based on 3D seismic data (2016)

The seismic geomorphology method to analysis the sedimentary facies on the basis of seismic slices has been introduced. The core technologies include: (1) extracting peak amplitude information form 3-D seismic data to obtain sedimentary information of different scales within the effective bandwidth of seismic data; (2) intelligent interpretation of plane sedimentary facies that is able to improve the precision and effectiveness of interpretation. With the aid of these technologies, not only the sedimentary interpretation would transit from traditional seismic interpretation based on seismic profile to the analysis of seismic plane information, but also it could be promoted from the traditional manual interpretation to automatic interpretation. Compared with the original or single-frequency seismic data, the peak amplitude data shows its advantage in performing more detailed sedimentary information. The technologies of sedimentary intelligent interpretation and mapping are capable of preserving the complete configuration of sediments and improving the efficiency of interpretation. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 18, 2016 Start Time: 1:25:00 PM Location: 170/172 Presentation Type: ORAL
Human monocyte adhesion and activation on crystalline polymers with different morphology and wettability in vitro (2000)

This study evaluated the effects of crystalline polyamide (Nylon-66), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (PEVA), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymers with nonporous and porous morphologies on the ability of monocytes to adhere and subsequently activate to produce IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α. The results indicated monocyte adhesion and activation on a material might differ to a great extent, depending on the surface morphology and wettability. As the polymer wettability increases, the ability of monocytes to adhere increases but the ability to produce cytokines decreases. Similarly, these polymers, when prepared with porous surfaces, enhance monocyte adhesion but suppress monocyte release of cytokines. Therefore, the hydrophobic PVDF with a nonporous surface stimulates the most activity in adherent monocytes but shows the greatest inhibition of monocyte adhesion when compared with all of the other membranes. In contrast, the hydrophilic Nylon-66, which has a porous surface, is a relatively better substrate for this work. Therefore, monocyte behavior on a biomaterial may be influenced by a specific surface property. Based on this result, we propose that monocyte adhesion is regulated by a different mechanism than monocyte activation. Consequently, the generation of cytokines by monocytes is not proportional to the number of cells adherent to the surface. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 50, 490–498, 2000.
Maximum Conditional Likelihood via Bound Maximization and the CEM Algorithm (1998)

We present the CEM (Conditional Expectation Maximization) algorithm as an extension of the EM (Expectation Maximization) algorithm to conditional density estimation under missing data. A bounding and maximization process is given to specifically optimize conditional likelihood instead of the usual joint likelihood. We apply the method to conditioned mixture models and use bounding techniques to derive the model&apos;s update rules. Monotonic convergence, computational efficiency and regression results superior to EM are demonstrated.
<title>Real-time video-on-demand system based on distributed servers and an agent-oriented application</title> (1996)

This video-on-demand service is constructed of distributed servers, including video servers that supply real-time MPEG-1 video & audio, real-time MPEG-1 encoders, and an application server that supplies additional text information and agents for retrieval. This system has three distinctive features that enable it to provide multi viewpoint access to real-time visual information: (1) The terminal application uses an agent-oriented approach that allows the system to be easily extended. The agents are implemented using a commercial authoring tool plus additional objects that communicate with the video servers by using TCP/IP protocols. (2) The application server manages the agents, automatically processes text information and is able to handle unexpected alterations of the contents. (3) The distributed system has an economical, flexible architecture to store long video streams. The real-time MPEG-1 encoder system is based on multi channel phase-shifting processing. We also describe a practical application of this system, a prototype TV-on-demand service called TVOD. This provides access to broadcast television programs for the previous week.
The traveler's dream come true (satellite personal communication) (1991)

An overview is given of the Iridium, satellite-based personal communications system, which will bring cellular telephone service to virtually every point on the globe. Iridium will use low-earth-orbit satellites. Some of the key system-level considerations that have driven the design are highlighted. The services offered by Iridium are described, and some market projections are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Review of Clinic Trials: Agents Targeting c-Met (2007)

Receptor tyrosine kinases are a group of molecules that can enhance cellular proliferation, cell motility and migration, and eventual metastasis. c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase has a significant biological and biochemical effect on cancer cells, and appears to be an important therapeutic target. In many cancers, c-Met (which can be activated by its ligand hepatocyte growth factor, HGF) can be overexpressed, activated, amplified, and/or mutated. The mutations of c-Met had initially been described in the tyrosine kinase domain, and we have described them in other "hot-spots" such as the juxtamembrane and semaphorin domains. Targeting c-Met has been very fruitful pre-clinically, and currently, there are several clinical trials for advanced cancers. Described in this review are some of the biological and biochemical aspects of c-Met, and detailed are a number of therapeutic strategies. With our understanding of c-Met biology and role in cancer, we should be able to arrive at a unique strategy to eradicate cancers in which c-Met plays a significant role.
Activation of endothelial cell phospholipase D by polycations (1997)

Naturally occurring polycations and cationic proteins are implicated in vascular disorders. It is known that activated leukocytes and platelets release polycations, such as polylysine (PLys), of varying molecular sizes into the vasculature, and some of these have been described to be bactericidal. Polycations interact with endothelial cells (ECs) and cause alterations in permeability and cellular functions. The precise mechanism(s) by which polycations bring about cellular changes is unknown. Here, we report that the polycations PLys and polyarginine (PArg) induce phospholipase D (PLD) activation in ECs. Polycation-mediated PLD activation was both time and concentration dependent, and activation of PLD was not due to cytotoxicity. PArg was more potent compared with PLys of the same molecular weight in stimulation of PLD. Treatment with bisindolylmaleimide, a specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, and heparin attenuated polycation-mediated PLD activation. Furthermore, downregulation of PKC by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (100 nM, 18 h) also blocked polycation-mediated PLD stimulation. These data suggest that polycation-mediated PLD stimulation probably involves PKC and may represent an important cellular response to leukocyte/platelet activation in the vascular endothelium.
Locked cookies: Web authentication security against phishing, pharming, and active attacks (2007)

This paper proposes new methods for web authentication that are secure against phishing and pharming attacks. We explore the use of browser cookies as authenticators that cannot inadvertently be given away by users, and introduce locked cookies, which are cookies that are bound to the originating server's public key. Locked cookies defeat phishing, pharming, and network-controlling active attacks, since the user's browser can verify that the attacker's public key is different from that of the server that set the cookie in the first place, even though the domain names may be the same. Locked cookies are transparent to the user and do not require any server-side changes. We evaluate and compare authentication schemes based on conventional cookies, IP cookies, and locked cookies
Detection of Deleterious On-Target Effects after HDR-Mediated CRISPR Editing (2020)

CRISPR genome editing is a promising tool for translational research but can cause undesired editing outcomes, both on target at the edited locus and off target at other genomic loci. Here, we investigate the occurrence of deleterious on-target effects (OnTEs) in human stem cells after insertion of disease-related mutations by homology-directed repair (HDR) and gene editing using non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). We identify large, mono-allelic genomic deletions and loss-of-heterozygosity escaping standard quality controls in up to 40% of edited clones. To reliably detect such events, we describe simple, low-cost, and broadly applicable quantitative genotyping PCR (qgPCR) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping-based tools and suggest their usage as additional quality controls after editing. This will help to ensure the integrity of edited loci and increase the reliability of CRISPR editing.
User requirements for digital design verification simulators (1977)

The increased complexity of advanced, microprocessor based digital systems coupled with ever present emphasis on low system development cost and schedule, has necessitated a re-evaluation of digital Design Automation (DA) systems requirements and definition of appropriate CAD program developments to meet these needs. Requirements for the design verification portions of a DA system are presented, and the capabilities of the new AIDS DA system designed to meet these requirements are described. Examples of AIDS worst case timing analysis capabilities are presented and a problem associated with existing worst case analysis methods is identified.
Middleware for streaming 3D progressive meshes over lossy networks (2006)

Streaming 3D graphics have been widely used in multimedia applications such as online gaming and virtual reality. However, a gap exists between the zero-loss-tolerance of the existing compression schemes and the lossy network transmissions. In this article, we propose a generic 3D middleware between the 3D application layer and the transport layer for the transmission of triangle-based progressively compressed 3D models. Significant features of the proposed middleware include. 1) handling 3D compressed data streams from multiple progressive compression techniques. 2) considering end user hardware capabilities for effectively saving the data size for network delivery. 3) a minimum cost dynamic reliable set selector to choose the transport protocol for each sublayer based on the real-time network traffic. Extensive simulations with TCP/UDP and SCTP show that the proposed 3D middleware can achieve the dual objectives of maintaining low transmission delay and small distortion, and thus supporting high quality 3D streaming with high flexibility.
Rectangular harmonic analysis applied to the geomagnetic field (1981)

Spherical harmonic analysis of the earth's magnetic field is limited in the resolution that can be obtained. This limitation is caused by inadequacies of computers and of available data sets. The fundamental wavelength in spherical harmonic analysis is the circumference of the earth. To resolve wavelengths as short as 100 km would require a spherical harmonic analysis carried out to a degree and order 400 involving 160,800 coefficients. This is impractical even with modern computers. This limitation of spherical harmonic analysis can be overcome by using rectangular harmonic analysis in successively smaller areas so that the data are more fully utilized. Rectangular harmonic analysis is illustrated for data from Europe and then again for a subset of the data from a smaller area of Europe. The magnetic field at 15 observatories for the smaller area can be computed to an rms residual of only 7 nT for all three components using two sets of rectangular harmonic coefficients and the AWC/75 world chart model. Rectangular harmonic analysis and spherical harmonic analysis are complementary.
Adaptive forward-backward quantizer for low bit rate high-quality speech coding (1997)

A novel variable-rate linear predictive coding (LPC) parameter quantization scheme is proposed, in which linear prediction is done by using either the current (forward LPC) or previously decoded (backward LPC) speech blocks. The proposed LPC quantization scheme was integrated into the FS1016 Federal Standard CELP coder. Significant LPC bit rate reduction is achieved without compromising the decoded speech quality.
An ultrasonic obstacle detector based on phase beamforming principles (2006)

A prototype of an ultrasonic obstacle detector developed as a part of a navigation system for blind and visually impaired people is presented. The detector, which employs a single ultrasound source and an array of microphones, determines the distance to the obstacle by measuring time between sending the pulse and receiving the reflected signal. Using the phase beamforming technique, borrowed from hydroacoustics, to process the output signals of microphones, it determines also the direction from which the reflected signal is received, thereby locating the obstacle. The obstacle detector was subjected to a series of tests in order to verify its design and to assess its ability to detect a broad range of obstacles. Presented test results show that most obstacles can be detected and recognized, and that the tested obstacle detector provides complete coverage of the safety zone in front of the user.
An Efficient Algorithm for Focus Measure Computation in Constant Time (2011)

This letter presents an efficient algorithm for focus measure computation, in constant time, to estimate depth map using image sequences acquired at varying focus. Two major factors that complicate focus measure computation include neighborhood support and gradient detection for oriented intensity variations. We present a distinct focus measure based on steerable filters that is invariant to neighborhood size and accomplishes fast depth map estimation at a considerably faster speed compared to other well-documented methods. Steerable filters represent architecture to synthesize filters of arbitrary orientation using a linear combination of basis filters. Such synthesis is helpful to analytically determine the filter output as a function of orientation. Steerable filters remove inherent limitations of traditional gradient detection techniques which perform inadequately for oriented intensity variations and low textured regions.
An overview of Gly-Oxide liquid in control and prevention of dental disease. (1989)

Removal of dental plaque is the generally accepted method of preventing and controlling periodontal disease. Several studies have identified bacterial plaque as the primary etiologic factor in periodontal disease. However, many individuals have difficulty in mechanically removing plaque or may have physical limitations that hinder their ability to effectively brush and floss. Consequently, in recent years, the search for an agent to remove or inhibit dental plaque has intensified. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of various agents in removing or inhibiting plaque. In its Technical Report No. 26, the Federation Dentair Internationale provides a comprehensive overview of the efficacy of antibiotics, antiseptics, chemical agents, irrigation, pastes, and slow release devices in plaque removal and inhibition. Addy has suggested that investigation of oxygenating mouthrinses as antiplaque agents deserves attention because of their potential ability to affect the anaerobes responsible for periodontal disease. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the role of one oxygenating agent, carbamide peroxide in glycerol solution, in the prevention and control of periodontal disease.
Delineation of structural domains in eukaryotic 5S rRNA with a rhodium probe (1992)

The three-dimensional folding of Xenopus oocyte 5S rRNA has been examined using the coordination complex Rh(phen)2phi3+ (phen = phenanthroline; phi = phenanthrenequinone diimine) as a structural probe. Rh(phen)2phi3+ binds neither double-helical RNA nor unstructured single-stranded regions of RNA. Instead, the complex targets through photoactivated cleavage sites of tertiary interaction which are open in the major groove and accessible to stacking. The sites targeted by the rhodium complex have been mapped on the wild-type Xenopus oocyte RNA, on a truncated RNA representing the arm of the molecule comprised of helix IV-loop E-helix V, and on several single-nucleotide mutants of the 5S rRNA. On the wild-type 5S rRNA, strong cleavage is found at residues U73, A74, A101, and U102 in the E loop and U80 and G81 in helix IV; additional sites are evident at A22 and A56 in the B loop, C29 and A32 in helix III, and C34, C39, A42, and C44 in the C loop. Given the similarity observed in cleavage between the full 5S RNA and the truncated fragment as well as the absence of any long-range effects on cleavage in mutant RNAs, the results do not support models which involve long-range tertiary interactions. Cleavage results with Rh(phen)2phi3+ do, however, indicate that the apposition of several noncanonical bases as well as stem--loop junctions may result in intimately stacked structures with opened major grooves. In particular, on the basis of cleavage results on mutant RNAs, both loops C and E represent structures where the strands constituting each loop are not independent of one another but are intrinsically structured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Packet voice rate adaptation through perceptual frame discarding (2007)

We address the problem of rate adaptation at the Source, given a congested packet based voice carrying network. We propose and analyze a novel method for perceptually based frame discarding. Thus, we propose a Perceptually Based Classifier (PBC) to do the discarding and we combine the PBC with a method for state synchronization, which exploits the knowledge of frame discards to combat the error propagation normally following a frame loss for state dependent coders. We further propose to use a combination of a queue model and an empirical speech quality model to decide on the proper discard rate for a given congestion scenario. In this design, we particularly focus on the queue model's ability to capture the characteristics of bursty traffic from voice sources in discontinuous transmission mode. Frame discarding is evaluated in a network bottleneck scenario, where objective results, based on PESQ-LQO, show significant improvements due to perceptually based frame discarding. The improvement depends on the degree of congestion without rate adaptation, the number of incoming voice flows, and the bottleneck buffer.
Human platelet 20S proteasome: inhibition of its chymotrypsin-like activity and identification of the proteasome activator PA28. A preliminary report (2003)

Earlier studies have demonstrated that human platelets contain the 20S proteasome, and its protein activator. However, understanding the potential role of the proteasome in human platelets requires a detailed knowledge about its chymotryptic-like activity, a crucial one for protein degradation in all eukaryotic cells. In this communication we have shown that human platelet 20S proteasome exhibited chymotryptic-like activity towards succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin as substrate at a broad pH range, with optimum between pH 7.5-8.0 and 5.0-5.5. These two activities were markedly inhibited by a 10 micromol/l concentration of two structurally unrelated proteasome inhibitors: lactacystin/beta-lactone or benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu(O-tert.-butyl)-Ala-leucinal, but not by ebelactone B, an inhibitor of lysosomal cathepsin A/deamidase. The chymotryptic-like activity of the 20S proteasome against succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin was also significantly inhibited in platelets, after exposure of platelet-rich plasma to 10 micromol/l lactacystin and benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu(O-tert.-butyl)-Ala-leucinal for up to 60 min. This indicates that these inhibitors can enter platelets and selectively inhibit 20S proteasome activity. We also demonstrated for the first time by Western blot analysis that human platelets contain a proteasome activator, PA28, which is known to play a key role in antigen processing by significant stimulation of the proteasomal chymotryptic-like activity. Since the platelet 20S proteasome was also present in a latent form, this suggests that its activity may be regulated in vivo in human platelets. All these results can therefore be beneficial in future studies on the role of the 20S proteasome in platelet biology.
On the relative motion of the Earth and the luminiferous ether (1887)

1', = time required £01' it to pass in the opposite direction.Further, let To = time required to perform the joul'lley if the earth were at rest.'l'hen '1'= Dt d = ~; aud T,= D v!! = ~ From these relations we Hnd d=Dv~ und d =D-,.c' 1) -'1) '. '+'1) whence T=v D and T'=v D + ; T~T,=2To-v'1) nearly, and -1' v T-T v=V"2'j'\ If now "it were possible to measure T-T, since V and '1'0 are knowp, we could find v the velocity of the earth's inotion through the ethel'.In a letter, published in "Nature" shortly after his death, Olerk Maxwell pointed out that T-T, could be calculated by measuring the velocity of light by means of the eclipses of Jupiter's satellites at pel'iods when that planet lay in <liffeI'ent directio)1s f!'Om earth j but that fOI' this pnrpose the observations of these coli pses rn nAt gl'C:1.tl'yexceerl in acclll'ac'y those