gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blocking of CTL-mediated killing by monoclonal antibodies to LFA-1 and Lyt-2, 3. II. Evidence that trypsin pretreatment of target cells removes a non-H-2 molecule important in killing. (1985)

We sought additional evidence for an inverse relationship between functional CTL-target cell affinity on the one hand, and susceptibility of the CTL-mediated killing to inhibition by alpha LFA-1 and alpha Lyt-2,3 monoclonal antibodies on the other hand. Previously, we experimentally reduced affinity by pretreating the target cells with papain. This removed most of the class I H-2 antigens, had little effect on the ability of allospecific CTL to recognize and kill these targets, but dramatically reduced the initial strength of CTL-target cell adhesion, and increased by more than 10-fold the susceptibility of the killing to inhibition by alpha Lyt-2,3 and alpha LFA-1 MAb. In the present report, we find that pretreating the target cells with trypsin, like papain, does not significantly change the susceptibility of the target cells to killing by allospecific CTL in a 2-hr assay, and increases by about 10-fold susceptibility of the killing to inhibition by alpha LFA-1. Unlike papain, however, trypsin does not consistently increase blocking by alpha Lyt-2,3, does not remove class I H-2 antigens from the target cell, and does not substantially reduce the strength of initial CTL-target adhesion formation (estimated by post dispersion lysis after a 5-min conjugate-forming incubation). These results show a functional difference between LFA-1 and Lyt-2,3. Both papain and trypsin produced similar 10-fold increases in susceptibility to blocking by alpha LFA-1. In contrast, susceptibility to inhibition by alpha Lyt-2,3 was increased nearly 100-fold by papain, but was not consistently affected by trypsin. Thus, the above-mentioned inverse relationship holds for alpha Lyt-2,3 but not for alpha LFA-1. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that Lyt-2,3 but not LFA-1 participates in recognition of class I H-2 antigens. Possibly LFA-1 participates in an adhesion-strengthening process that follows T cell recognition, and which may also be used by other LFA-1 expressing leucocytes in intercellular interactions. Finally, our results suggest (for the first time in the mouse system) that an unidentified non-H-2 "trypsin-sensitive counter blocking" molecule on the target cell plays an important role in CTL-target cell interaction.
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a Non-contact Radiofrequency Device for the Improvement in Contour and Circumferential Reduction of the Inner and Outer Thigh. (2015)

Based on the measurements obtained the device under investigation was considered safe and effective in terms of improved contour and circumferential reduction of inner and outer thighs.
Evaluation of a Thick and Thin Section Method for Estimation of Podocyte Number, Glomerular Volume, and Glomerular Volume Per Podocyte in Rat Kidney with Wilms’ Tumor-1 Protein Used as a Podocyte Nuclear Marker (2003)

Podocyte loss and glomerular hypertrophy are associated with development of glomerulosclerosis, suggesting that there may be a maximal area for each podocyte in terms of its capacity to support and maintain the glomerular filter. This study hypothesized that exceeding this maximal threshold will result in mesangial expansion and glomerulosclerosis. It may therefore be useful to measure podocyte number, glomerular volume, and glomerular volume per podocyte in clinical biopsy samples. An approach that uses thick and thin histologic sections cut from paraffin-embedded tissue to measure Wilms' tumor-1 protein-positive podocyte nuclear number and glomerular tuft area was studied. A rat model of aging has been used to track changes in glomerular podocyte number, glomerular volume per podocyte, and glomerular volume. Implications for clinical use of these variables are discussed.
Flexible modeling and execution of workflow activities (2002)

While today's workflow management systems are well suited for the controlled execution of completely specified processes, support for dynamically changing processes is rather weak. However, new applications in the business domain and in non-traditional domains like the natural sciences or laboratory environments require support for flexibility like user interventions in workflow executions and dynamic modifications. Based on an activity meta model and an activity instance model, the paper discusses dynamic modifications and user interventions and shows how their implications to activity models and to concurrent and future activity instances can be described. Finally, we show how the basic concepts presented in the paper are realized in a prototypical implementation.
Application of walking combined with Buerger exercise in patients with grade 0 diabetic foot (2018)

Objective
To study the application of walking combined with Buerger exercise in the treatment of grade 0 diabetic foot.


Methods
Eighty patients with grade 0 diabetic foot were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The control group was trained by walking exercise.The observation group was trained by walking combined with Buerger exercise through 12 months of training.The changes of self-sensory symptoms, ABI and DAWV were observed.


Results
The self-sensory symptoms of the two groups were significantly decreased (observation group: markedly effective 15 cases, effective 19 cases; control group: markedly effective 5 cases, effective 23 cases). The effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(85% vs.70%, χ2=7.831, P<0.05). The ABI ratio of the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and the ABI ratio of the observation group was higher than that of the control group[(0.889±0.113) vs.(0.842±0.124), t=1.772 P<0.05]. The ratio of DAWV in the observation group was higher than that in the control group[(6.772±0.435)cm/s vs.(6.543±0.552)cm/s, t=2.061, P<0.05].


Conclusion
Walking combined with Buerger exercise can improve the blood flow velocity and blood flow of the collateral circulation of the lower limbs of patients with grade 0 diabetic foot, and improve the self-sensory symptoms of peripheral neuropathy.


Key words: 
Buerger exercise; Diabetic foot, grade 0; Ankle brachial index; Mean blood flow velocity, dorsalis pedis artery
Reviewing the connection between speech and obstructive sleep apnea (2016)

The methodological deficiencies observed after critically reviewing previous research can be relevant examples of potential pitfalls when using machine learning techniques for diagnostic applications. We have found two common limitations that can explain the likelihood of false discovery in previous research: (1) the use of prediction models derived from sources, such as speech, which are also correlated with other patient characteristics (age, height, sex,…) that act as confounding factors; and (2) overfitting of feature selection and validation methods when working with a high number of variables compared to the number of cases. We hope this study could not only be a useful example of relevant issues when using machine learning for medical diagnosis, but it will also help in guiding further research on the connection between speech and OSA.
Image-Laser Fusion for 3D Modeling of Complex Environments (2010)

One might wonder what can be gained from the image-laser fusion and in which measure such a hybrid system can generate automatically complete and photorealist 3D models of difficult to access and unstructured underground environments. In such environments, special attention must be given to the main issue standing behind the automation of the 3D modeling pipeline whic is represented by the capacity to match reliably image and laser data in GPS-denied and feature-less areas. In addition, time and in-situ access constraints require fast and automatic procedures for in-situ data acquisition, processing and interpretation in order to allow for in situ verification of the 3D scene model completeness. Finally, the currently generated 3D model represents the only available information providing situational awareness based on which autonomous behavior must be build in order to enable the system to act intelligently onthe- fly and explore the environment for ensuring the 3D scene model completeness.This dissertation evaluates the potential of a hybrid image-laser system for generating in-situ complete and photorealist 3D models of challenging environments, without requiring human operator intervention. The presented research focuses on two main aspects: (i) the automation of the 30 modeling pipeline, targeting the automatic data matching in feature-less and GPS-denied areas for in situ world modeling and (ii) the exploitation of the generated 3D models along with visual servoing procedures to provide mobile systems with autonomous site digitization and exploration capabilities. We design a complementary and cooperative image-laser fusion which lead to a 4D mosaicing sensor prototype.
General Method for the Synthesis of Hierarchical Nanocrystal-Based Mesoporous Materials (2012)

Block copolymer templating of inorganic materials is a robust method for the production of nanoporous materials. The method is limited, however, by the fact that the molecular inorganic precursors commonly used generally form amorphous porous materials that often cannot be crystallized with retention of porosity. To overcome this issue, here we present a general method for the production of templated mesoporous materials from preformed nanocrystal building blocks. The work takes advantage of recent synthetic advances that allow organic ligands to be stripped off of the surface of nanocrystals to produce soluble, charge-stabilized colloids. Nanocrystals then undergo evaporation-induced co-assembly with amphiphilic diblock copolymers to form a nanostructured inorganic/organic composite. Thermal degradation of the polymer template results in nanocrystal-based mesoporous materials. Here, we show that this method can be applied to nanocrystals with a broad range of compositions and sizes, and that assembly of nanocrystals can be carried out using a broad family of polymer templates. The resultant materials show disordered but homogeneous mesoporosity that can be tuned through the choice of template. The materials also show significant microporosity, formed by the agglomerated nanocrystals, and this porosity can be tuned by the nanocrystal size. We demonstrate through careful selection of the synthetic components that specifically designed nanostructured materials can be constructed. Because of the combination of open and interconnected porosity, high surface area, and compositional tunability, these materials are likely to find uses in a broad range of applications. For example, enhanced charge storage kinetics in nanoporous Mn(3)O(4) is demonstrated here.
Development of Triantennary N-Acetylgalactosamine Conjugates as Degraders for Extracellular Proteins (2020)

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) technology has drawn significant attention from researchers in both academia and industry. It is rapidly evolved as a new therapeutic modality and also a useful chemical tool in selectively depleting various protein targets. As most efforts focus on cytosolic proteins using PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC), LYsosome TArgeting Chimera (LYTAC) recently emerged as a promising technology to deliver extracellular protein targets to lysosome for degradation through cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR). In this study, we exploited the potential of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), a lysosomal targeting receptor specifically expressed on liver cells, for the degradation of extracellular proteins. The ligand of ASGPR, triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (tri-GalNAc), was conjugated to biotin, antibodies, or fragments of antibodies to generate a new class of degraders. We demonstrated that the extracellular protein targets could be successfully internalized and delivered into lysosome for degradation in a liver cell line specifically by these degraders. We also observed that more efficient delivery could be achieved for smaller degrader/target complexes. This work will add a new dimension to the TPD with cell type specificity.
Blocking tumorigenic activities of colorectal cancer cells by a splicing RON receptor variant defective in the tyrosine kinase domain (2007)

Altered expression of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase, accompanied by generation of splicing variants, contributes to the pathogenesis of epithelial cancers such as invasive growth of colorectal caners. In this study, we have studied a novel RON variant (designated as RONdelta170) that regulates tumorigenic activities of colorectal cancer cells by blocking RON-mediated tumorigenic signals. RONdelta170 is a splicing variant with a deletion of exon 19 that encodes 46 amino acids in the catalytic kinase domain. This deletion also causes a reading-frame shift and creates a new stop codon, which effectively eliminates the multi-functional docking site and truncates the RON C-terminus. As a RON variant without kinase activities and the C-terminal docking domain, RONdelta170 acts as a variant receptor that negatively regulates biochemical and biological activities mediated by RON or its oncogenic variant RONdelta160. In NIH3T3 expressing RONdelta160, RONdelta170 formed a complex with RONdelta160 and prevented RONdelta160-mediated activation of signaling proteins such as Erk1/2 and AKT. These effects resulted in decreased cell proliferation, reduced colony formation, and diminished cell migration. These negative activities were also observed in colorectal cancer cells naturally expressing RON or RONdelta160 including HT-29, HCT116 and SW620. Introduction of RONdelta170 into HCT116 cells blocked MSP-induced Erkl/2 and AKT phosphorylation, reduced cytoplasmic beta-catenin accumulation, restored glycogen synthase kinase-beta activity, and attenuated various tumorigenic activities. Moreover, RONdelta170 expression significantly reduced SW620 cell-mediated tumor growth in vivo. Thus, RONdelta170 is a naturally occurring variant with dominant negative activities and has potential for inhibiting RON-mediated tumorigenic activities in colorectal cancer cells.
A common core structure for U3 small nucleolar RNAs (1994)

U3 nucleolar small RNA (snRNA) is involved in early processing of the primary rRNA transcript. A secondary structure model for the unusually small Trypanosoma brucei U3 snRNA was deduced by chemical modification and enzymatic cleavage of U3 snRNA in deproteinized and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) forms. Comprehensive alignment of U3 snRNAs from vertebrate, plant, fungal and protozoan species clearly delineated conserved and divergent features. The 5' domain of the T. brucei U3 snRNA appears to form one small, flexible 5' stem loop structure followed by a long single-stranded region; this model is a variation on 5' domain structures proposed for other U3 snRNAs which do not conform to a single model. The 3' domain of T. brucei U3 snRNA contains four single-stranded sequences conserved between U3 snRNAs. Of these, structural probing determined that the configurations of GAU region and box B and C sequences are altered by protein interactions in U3 snRNP. Conspicuously, the 3' domains of trypanosomal U3 snRNAs lack stem loops II and III, indicating that these structures are not required for conserved U3 snRNA functions.
Boron diffusion in Co74Ti26 amorphous alloy (1992)

Boron diffusion in implanted Co74Ti26 amorphous alloy has been studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction have been used to control the crystallization and the interaction with the Si substrate. By comparing computer simulations with the SIMS profiles, the diffusion coefficients of B in Co74Ti26 have been found in the temperature range between 300 and 400 °C. An activation energy of 1.63±0.05 eV and a preexponential factor of 1.77×10−3 cm2/s for the diffusion equation have been found. These values agree with an experimental correlation that appears to be valid for the diffusion in amorphous alloys of all elements with the exception of hydrogen.
Silicium‐Stickstoff‐Heterocyclen (1966)

Abstract Die Chemie der SiN‐Bindung hat in letzter Zeit einen enormen Aufschwung erfahren[ 1–5 ]. Während sich früher der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchungen auf offenkettige Silazane und Silylamine konzentrierte, sind es heute die cyclischen SiN‐Verbindungen, die zunehmendes Interesse beanspruchen. Vor allem der Bedarf an besseren, oberhalb 350°C beständigen Polymeren und Flüssigkeiten[ 6 ] hat zur Intensivierung der Entwicklung auf diesem Gebiet beigetragen. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden monomere cyclische Verbindungen mit mindestens einer SiN‐Bindung im Ring sowie die sich davon ableitenden Polycyclen behandelt.
Sol-Gel Thin Film Formation (1991)

During sol-gel dip-coating, inorganic precursors are rapidly concentrated on the substrate surface by gravitational draining with concurrent evaporation and condensation reactions. We have presented examples of several factors that influence the structure of the deposited films: (1) size and opacity of fractal precursors; (2) relative rates of condensation and evaporation; (3) capillary pressure; (4) shear resulting from surface-tension-gradient-driven-flows; and (5) substrate withdrawal speed. By control of these factors it is possible to tailor the pore size, surface area, pore volume and refractive index of the deposited film for applications ranging from dense protective or passivation layers to films with precisely controlled pore sizes for sensor surfaces and separation membranes.
A Measurement Ontology Generalizable for Emerging Domain Applications on the Semantic Web (2007)

This article introduces a measurement ontology for applications to Semantic Web applications, specifically for emerging domains such as microarray analysis. The Semantic Web is the next generation Web of structured data that are automatically shared by software agents, which apply definitions and constraints organized in ontologies to correctly process data from disparate sources. One facet needed to develop Semantic Web ontologies of emerging domains is creating ontologies of concepts that are common to these domains. These general “common-sense” ontologies can be used as building blocks to develop more domain-specific ontologies. However most measurement ontologies concentrate on representing units of measurement and quantities, and not on other measurement concepts such as sampling, mean values, and evaluations of quality based on measurements. In this article, we elaborate on a measurement ontology that represents all these concepts. We present the generality of the ontology, and describe how it is developed, used for analysis and validated.
Von Hippel-Lindau disease. (1992)

In early 2013, several outpatients at Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research in New Delhi, India complained that their laboratory results were not ready at the promised time. We reviewed the data for 3 months and learnt that 16% of outpatient results were not ready when patients returned to receive them. We formed a multidisciplinary team to fix the problem. After conducting a time-and-motion study, process mapping and discussions the team identified two key problems: (1) the laboratory consultant did not have a set time to validate the results and (2) the reasons of delay in laboratory reports were not documented; this made it hard to identify and solve specific reasons. The team decided to set a fixed time for the consultant to verify results and to document reasons for delay in each case. The team used Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles to finalise the verification system and to set up the documentation system. Documentation led to the identification of new problems which were also solved using PDSA cycles. Delay in reports reduced significantly from 16% in March 2013 to less than 3% in a period of 4 months. We have sustained these gains for the past 5 years.
Suppression of polarization sensitivity in BOTDA fiber distributed sensing system (2008)

We propose and demonstrate a novel method to suppress the polarization induced signal fluctuation in Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) fiber distributed sensing system. The polarization diversity scheme contains two polarization beam splitters (PBSs) and a piece of single mode fiber (SMF). The pulsed pump wave is split into two beams with orthogonal polarization states and one of the beams is delayed by a time related to the pulse width. Then, the two beams are recombined. Theoretically, the Degree-of-Polarization (DOP) of the recombined wave is zero and the distributed sensing system is insensitive to the polarization state of the probe. Stable distributed temperature measurement is demonstrated along a 1.2 km SMF.
Node Protection in Weighted Social Networks (2011)

Weighted social network has a broad usage in the data mining fields, such as collaborative filtering, influence analysis, phone log analysis, etc. However, current privacy models which prevent node re-identification for the social network only dealt with unweighted graphs. In this paper, we make use of the special characteristic of edge weights to define a novel k-weighted-degree anonymous model. While keeping the weight utilities, this model helps prevent node re-identification in the weighted graph based on three distance functions which measure the nodes' difference. We also design corresponding algorithms for each distance to achieve anonymity. Some experiments on real datasets show the effectiveness of our methods.
A study of free jet impingement. Part 1. Mean properties of free and impinging jets (1971)

In this, the first part of a two-part experimental study of the behaviour of impinging jets, the mean properties of the flow field are established. Velocity profiles are given for three types of jet flow issuing from a circular convergent nozzle. Measured distributions of surface pressure are given which result when the jets impinge both normally and obliquely at various distances on several surface shapes. The pressure distributions are used to compute the radial velocity gradient at the impingement stagnation point. It is found that for normal impingement this gradient correlates with the free jet centreline velocity and half-radius at the same axial location. A fall-off in the correlated value is noted as the impingement is made oblique. Measurements of the azimuthal distribution of momentum flux in the resulting wall jet are also given. The general behaviour of all three types of jet is found to be similar at locations downstream of any local effects due to the shock waves present in the under-expanded types. A special study of the close-range impingement of an under-expanded jet containing a normal shock disk reveals a region of separated flow surrounding the stagnation point. This condition results in a negative value of the radial velocity gradient at the centreline.
Sulfilimine. I. Synthesis and Formation Mechanism (1969)

Abstract The kinetics of the reaction of sulfide and chloramine T was investigated. The reaction was very much affected by pH, and the rate reached the maximum at pH 5.5. The reaction was found to be facilitated by the substitution of an electron-releasing group in phenyl rings of aryl methyl sulfides. From these observations the rate-determining step appears to involve the formation of the sulfonium cation intermediate. From the mechanistic study of this reaction, an effective procedure for the synthesis of sulfilimine was devised.