gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface selectivity in blending polyethylene-poly(ethylene glycol) block cooligomers into high-density polyethylene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface selectivity in blending polyethylene-poly(ethylene glycol) block cooligomers into high-density polyethyleneDavid E. Bergbreiter and B. SrinivasCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 2, 636–643Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00028a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00028a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improving packet loss probability in the UMTS high-speed downlink (2003)

According to the current design of the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol which is used in UMTS release 5 for the high speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH), a mobile terminal which fails to decode a packet will transmit a physical-layer negative acknowledgement (NACK). If the base station misinterprets this NACK as a positive acknowledgement (ACK), there is no further opportunity for a physical-layer retransmission of the packet. An error recovery scheme is described here to handle this case by means of a further uplink signal called Revert (REV) in addition to ACK and NACK. The mobile terminal transmits REV if it detects that it has received a new transmission instead of the expected retransmission of an earlier negatively-acknowledged packet. Simulations show that this error recovery scheme allows the transmission power of NACKs to be significantly reduced for a given packet loss probability, or the packet loss probability to be significantly reduced for a given NACK transmission power. The physical-layer implementation and protocol operation of the error recovery scheme are examined in detail, and it is shown that all potential error cases are able to be handled satisfactorily.
A fully-automatic caudate nucleus segmentation of brain MRI: Application in volumetric analysis of pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2011)

CaudateCut generates segmentation results that are comparable to gold-standard segmentations and which are reliable in the analysis of differentiating neuroanatomical abnormalities between healthy controls and pediatric ADHD.
Quinuclidine analogs of tobacco alkaloids (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinuclidine analogs of tobacco alkaloidsAlfred Burger and F. D. ReedCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 6, 554–556Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00288a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00288a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dispersion controlling meta-lens at visible frequency (2017)

Dispersion management is crucial in constructing spectrometers, superprisms, and achromatic lens systems. Unfortunately, the dispersion of natural materials is determined by the molecular energy levels with limited tunability, and thus conventional methods of dispersion controlling are complex and need to trade off other aberration. Metasurface offers an alternative method to overcome those limits via utilizing dedicatedly designed nanostructures that response to special wavelength, which results in well-engineered dispersions. As proof of the concept, we design a series of flat dielectric metasurface lenses, which are able to steer the dispersion arbitrarily for three wavelengths at visible frequency (473, 532, and 632.8 nm). Based on the unique dispersion engineering ability of metasurface, the achromatic meta-lens and the super-dispersion meta-lenses are realized. Furthermore, the light of different wavelengths can be focused on any desired spatial positions.
Effect of carrier charge imbalance on the threshold current in diode lasers with thin intrinsic quantum wells (1994)

This study is based on the results of a two-dimensional self-consistent laser simulator MINILASE for the GaAs/AlGaAs system. It predicts that the electron/hole density ratio in thin quantum wells (QW’s) of laser diodes with intrinsic QW active regions (QW p-i-n lasers) can be significantly different from unity and depends on the doping density near the active region. These deviations from local charge neutrality can have significant effects on the laser threshold.
Yield Precursor Dislocation Avalanches in Small Crystals: The Irreversibility Transition (2019)

The transition from elastic to plastic deformation in crystalline metals shares history dependence and scale-invariant avalanche signature with other nonequilibrium systems under external loading such as colloidal suspensions. These other systems exhibit transitions with clear analogies to work hardening and yield stress, with many typically undergoing purely elastic behavior only after "training" through repeated cyclic loading; studies in these other systems show a power-law scaling of the hysteresis loop extent and of the training time as the peak load approaches a so-called reversible-to-irreversible transition (RIT). We discover here that deformation of small crystals shares these key characteristics: yielding and hysteresis in uniaxial compression experiments of single-crystalline Cu nano- and micropillars decay under repeated cyclic loading. The amplitude and decay time of the yield precursor avalanches diverge as the peak stress approaches failure stress for each pillar, with a power-law scaling virtually equivalent to RITs in other nonequilibrium systems.
Two-dimensional optical signal-processing beamformer using multilayer polymeric optical waveguide arrays (2001)

Optically controlled beamforming techniques are very effective for phased-array antenna control. We have developed a two-dimensional (2-D) Fourier transform optical signal-processing (OSP) beamformer. In the OSP beamformer, we use multilayer polymeric optical waveguide arrays to generate and control a 2-D specific phase-front and sample 2-D distributed light beams. These multilayer optical waveguide arrays consist of three layers and 13 waveguides; each layer has four, five, and four waveguides, respectively. We experimentally demonstrate 2-D beam steering in the X-band, and show the feasibility of the 2-D OSP beamformer.
Use of New Technologies for Knowledge-Based System Development (1993)

Summary This paper looks at the way that expert systems have been developed and analyzes the problems in this process development. Remedies are proposed and illustrated through a system development under way in which knowledge acquisition design system (KADS) technology for knowledge organization is used.
MCA-based Image Super Resolution (2013)

This article proposes a MCA and sparse representation-based image super resolution algorithm.Firstly,the low resolution(LR) image is divided into texture part and structure part via MCA decomposition,then a couple of over-completed dictionaries are trained to reconstruct the texture part while the structure part with NEDI interpolation.The proposed algorithm,with LR image as input trains the dictionary,thus requires no extra training sample library.In addition,the corresponding algorithm is applied to reconstruct texture and structure part,and the details of image could be fairly preserved.
Cutting Edge: Unique T Cells That Recognize Citrullinated Peptides Are a Feature of Protein Immunization (2006)

Abs against citrullinated proteins are present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we describe a unique cohort of T cells that selectively responded to citrullinated variants of two epitopes of hen egg-white lysozyme, a major and a minor one, bound to the MHC molecule, I-A(k). In addition, we show that when given an intact, unmodified lysozyme protein, dendritic cells and peritoneal macrophages presented citrullinated peptides and stimulated modification-specific T cells. Thus, presentation of citrullinated-peptide-MHC complex is a feature of immune responses to protein Ags.
A Local Feature Based Fusion Algorithm for Fire Detection Image (2012)

Image fusion is an very important process for fire detection, it generates a single combined image that contains a more accurate description of the fire scene than multiple images from different sources. In this paper, a local feature based fusion algorithm for fire detection image is proposed. Using the non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT), each of the visual and infrared fire detection images is decomposed into a low frequency and a set of high frequency subbands. Then the fused coefficients are generated by applying different local feature measure to the low frequency and high frequency subbands, respectively. And the fused image is obtained by taking inverse NSCT. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms other methods in both of fire target enhancement and background detail preservation.
Pharmacogenetic Polymorphisms Contributing to Toxicity Induced by Methotrexate in the Southern Spanish Population with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2012)

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common illness of global significance for public health. Methotrexate (MTX) is the most broadly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drug for the treatment of RA, but it displays marked person-to-person variation in its propensity for toxicity. Several studies have suggested that polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, reduced folate carrier (RFC1) G80A, and ABCB1 C3435T, could be related to methotrexate toxicity. This prospective study examined the different frequencies of MTHFR, RFC1, and ABCB1 pharmacogenetic variations between patients who have RA and those without RA. We also sought to assess the association between these polymorphisms and MTX toxicity. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped: C677T and A1298C from MTHFR, G80A from RFC1, and C3435T from ABCB1. The efficacy and toxicity of MTX were evaluated through clinical follow-up during 1 year of treatment. RA patients showed a higher frequency of the T allele at MTHFR C677T than patients without RA (p=0.049). There was a significant association between the presence of both the T allele at MTHFR C677T (p=0.006), and the C allele at ABCB1 C3435T (p=0.046), with toxicity development after 12 months of MTX treatment. However, there was no correlation between MTX toxicity and either the A allele at MTHFR A1298C or the G allele at RFC1 A80G. These data suggest that the presence of the MTHFR C677T and ABCB1 C3435T SNPs contribute to MTX toxicity in patients with RA. These observations contribute to a rapidly-growing knowledge base on the pharmacogenetics of RA and personalized medicine.
Optimal short-term thermal unit commitment (1976)

Fuel cost savings can be obtained by proper commitment of the available generating units. This paper describes a truncated dynamic programming method for the commitment of thermal units over a period of up to 48 hours. The commitment is such that the total cost is minimal. The total cost includes both the production cost and costs associated with the startup and shutdown of units. The startup cost for each unit is dependent on the amount of time the unit has been shutdown prior to startup. A variety of spinning reserve requirements are observed and crew constraints on the startup and/or shutdown of two or more units in the same plant are imposed on some of the plants. In addition, operation of individual units must satisfy the specified minimum up times and minimum shutdown times.
Evaluation of a New Test for Colorectal Neoplasms: A Prospective Study of Asymptomatic Population (1993)

In a recent pilot study, we have suggested of potential usefulness of a new test (Shams' test) for screening colorectal (CR) cancer in Japan. Although the sensitivity of this test was remarkably high, its accurate specificity was unclear. The purpose of our present study is to evaluate the incidence of non-specific reaction of Shams' test in the normal Japanese populations. We analyzed 330 asymptomatic individuals, who were seen for annual health checkup, for the presence of the tumor marker D-Gal-B (1- > 3)-D-GalNAc in their rectal mucin. The rectal mucin was smeared on nitrocellulose membrane filter and developed by a sequential reaction of B-D-galactose oxidase and Schiff's reagent. Immunological fecal occult blood test (FOBT) was done in parallel. Extensive study by barium enema/total colonoscopy was indicated only for those who showed positive results with Shams' test or FOBT. A total of 271 individuals were negative, while 50 and 9 had positive and equivocal (+/-) results, respectively. Subsequent barium enema and fiberoptic proctocolonoscopic examinations, which were available on 32 of 59 cases, revealed 6 adenomatous polyps, one villous adenoma with focal severe atypia, and 4 cases of diverticular disease. Except for one patient with polyp, 6 other patients harboring polyps were negative with immunological FOBT. The overall specificity of Shams' test was 92.2% (271/294). Based on these results and preceding reports, we concluded that Shams' test could be a useful tool in our strategy for early detection of CR neoplasms and precancerous lesions.
Rapid prototyping of networks of asynchronous multiple functional units (2002)

The design cycle of the proposed asynchronous multiple functional unit networks, from CAD tool coding to post-layout scalability, adheres to the attributes of rapid prototyping. These attributes come in five flavors: an OOP style in CAD tools; a short design, modify, evaluate and profile cycle at the dataflow graph level; the reuse of predesigned components; effective event realization of the asynchronous behavior; and rapid VLSI realization. At the modeling level, a dataflow graph modeling tool specifies and profiles the asynchronous systems rapidly and accurately. At the architectural level, several multiple functional unit networks illustrate two rarely addressed issues in asynchronous design: modularity and scalability, which are the keys to rapid prototyping. Networks in a distributor approach and a tournament protocol are presented, where fixed and greedy operand assignments are used respectively. The tournament protocol also leads to a short physical design time and a compact VLSI layout for its regular structure.
Vision-based Collaborative & Mobile Augmented Reality (2015)

In this paper we present a collaborative augmented reality application for mobile users. The objective is to explore an environment by multiple users. Each user communicates information about the explored area to other users. The main idea consists of tracking each user using MOBIL (MOments based BInary differences for Local description) [2] as point descriptor and calculating a recursive homography using RLS (Recursive Least Squares) [8]. This approach allows multi-user tracking for augmented reality, without need the initial position for each user.
Font finder: Visual recognition of typeface in printed documents (2015)

We describe a novel algorithm for visually identifying the font used in a scanned printed document. Our algorithm requires no pre-recognition of characters in the string (i. e. optical character recognition). Gradient orientation features are collected local the character boundaries, and quantized into a hierarchical Bag of Visual Words representation. Following stop-word analysis, classification via logistic regression (LR) of the codebooked features yields per-character probabilities which are combined across the string to decide the posterior for each font. We achieve 93.4% accuracy over a 1000 font database of scanned printed text comprising Latin characters.
Critical role of calpain in axonal damage‐induced retinal ganglion cell death (2011)

Calpain, an intracellular cysteine protease, has been widely reported to be involved in neuronal cell death. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of calpain activation in axonal damage-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Twelve-week-old male calpstatin (an endogenous calpain inhibitor) knockout mice (CAST KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were used in this study. Axonal damage was induced by optic nerve crush (NC) or tubulin destruction induced by leaving a gelatin sponge soaked with vinblastine (VB), a microtubule disassembly chemical, around the optic nerve. Calpain activation was assessed by immunoblot analysis, which indirectly quantified the cleaved α-fodrin, a substrate of calpain. RGCs were retrogradely labeled by injecting a fluorescent tracer, Fluoro-Gold (FG), and the retinas were harvested and flat-mounted retinas prepared. The densities of FG-labeled RGCs harvested from the WT and CAST KO groups were assessed and compared. Additionally, a calpain inhibitor (SNJ-1945, 100 mg/kg/day) was administered orally, and the density of surviving RGCs was compared with that of the vehicle control group. The mean density of surviving RGCs in the CAST KO group was significantly lower than that observed in the WT group, both in NC and in VB. The mean density of surviving RGCs in the SNJ-1945-treated group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The calpain inhibitor SNJ-1945 has a neuroprotective effect against axonal damage-induced RGC death. This pathway may be an important therapeutic target for preventing this axonal damage-induced RGC death, including glaucoma and diabetic optic neuropathy and other CNS diseases that share a common etiology.
Real-time completion monitoring with acoustic waves (2007)

Abstract Deepwater production is challenged by well underperformance issues that are hard to diagnose early on and expensive to deal with later. Problems are amplified by reliance on a few complex wells with sophisticated sand-control media. New downhole data are required for better understanding and prevention of production impairment. We introduce real-time completion monitoring (RTCM), a new nonintrusive surveillance method that uses acoustic signals sent via the fluid column to identify permeability impairment in sand-screened completions. The signals are carried by tube waves that move borehole fluid back and forth radially across the completion layers. Such tube waves are capable of instant testing of the presence or absence of fluid communication across the completion and are sensitive to changes occurring in sand screens, gravel sand, perforations, and possibly in the reservoir. The part of the completion that has different impairment from its neighbors will carry tube waves with modified signatures (velocity, attenuation) and will produce a reflection from the boundary where impairment changes. We conduct a laboratory experiment with a model of a completed horizontal borehole and focus on effects of sand-screen permeability on transmitted and reflected acoustic signatures. These new findings form the basis of an RTCM method that can be thought of as “miniaturized” 4D seismic and as a “permanent log” in an individual wellbore. We present experiments with a fiber-optic acoustic system that suggest a nonintrusive way to install downhole sensors on the pipe in realistic completions and thus implement real-time surveillance with RTCM.
Relevance of FcγRIIIa-158V-F polymorphism to recurrence of adult periodontitis in Japanese patients (1999)

The immunoglobulin receptor Fc gamma RIIIa (CD16) is distributed on natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and gamma delta T cells, and is polymorphic. Fc gamma RIIIa-158V has a higher affinity for both monomeric and immune complexed IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 than IIIa-158F. We determined Fc gamma RIIIa-158V/F genotypes of Japanese patients with adult periodontitis. A significant over-representation of Fc gamma RIIIa-158F was found in patients with recurrence, compared with patients without recurrence, making Fc gamma RIIIA a candidate gene for recurrence risk of adult periodontitis.
Theoretical prediction of perfect spin filtering at interfaces between close-packed surfaces of Ni or Co and graphite or graphene (2008)

The in-plane lattice constants of close-packed planes of fcc and hcp Ni and Co match that of graphite almost perfectly so that they share a common two-dimensional reciprocal space. Their electronic structures are such that they overlap in this reciprocal space for one spin direction only allowing us to predict perfect spin filtering for interfaces between graphite and (111) fcc or (0001) hcp Ni or Co. First-principles calculations of the scattering matrix show that the spin filtering is quite insensitive to amounts of interface roughness and disorder which drastically influence the spin-filtering properties of conventional magnetic tunnel junctions or interfaces between transition metals and semiconductors. When a single graphene sheet is adsorbed on these open $d$-shell transition-metal surfaces, its characteristic electronic structure, with topological singularities at the $K$ points in the two-dimensional Brillouin zone, is destroyed by the chemical bonding. Because graphene bonds only weakly to Cu which has no states at the Fermi energy at the $K$ point for either spin, the electronic structure of graphene can be restored by dusting Ni or Co with one or a few monolayers of Cu while still preserving the ideal spin-injection property.
The electromagnetic momentum of static charge-current distributions (2014)

The origin of electromagnetic momentum for general static charge-current distributions is examined. The electromagnetic momentum for static electromagnetic fields is derived by implementing conservation of momentum for the sum of mechanical momentum and electromagnetic momentum. The external force required to keep matter at rest during the production of the final static configuration produces the electromagnetic momentum. Examples of the electromagnetic momentum in static electric and magnetic fields are given. The center-of-energy theorem is shown to be violated by electromagnetic momentum. Hidden momentum is shown to be generally absent and not to cancel electromagnetic momentum.