gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An indium phosphide MMIC amplifier for 180-205 GHz (2001)

This paper describes a high-performance indium phosphide (InP) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifier, which has been developed for application in radioastronomy and imaging-array receivers. Implemented using coplanar waveguide, the six-stage amplifier exhibits 15 db gain, 10 dB input and output return loss, and low noise figure over the 180-205 GHz frequency range. Only one design pass was needed to obtain excellent agreement between the predicted and measured characteristics of the circuit, a unique achievement in this frequency band. The circuit is also the first 180-205 GHz amplifier designed for and successfully fabricated using TRW's standard 0.1-μm InP HEMT process.
Effect of reaction temperature and ligand concentration on the shape of CdSe nanocrystals (2011)

Colloidal CdSe nanocrystals were synthesised in octadecene solvent using oleic acid and trioctylphosphine as ligands for cadmium and selenium precursors respectively. The reaction parameters, including temperature and ligand concentration, were investigated. The morphology, crystalline structure and optical properties of CdSe nanocrystals were studied by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra. It was observed that the reaction parameters greatly affect the shape of nanocrystals. Dot-shaped CdSe nanocrystals were synthesised at high reaction temperature and low oleic acid concentration. In contrast, CdSe tetrapods were formed at lower reaction temperature and higher oleic acid concentration. Simultaneously, the ligand concentration results in the changes in core diameter and aspect ratio of tetrapod arms. The formation of CdSe nanocrystals of various shapes is discussed in relation to the nucleation and growth of CdSe nanocrystals in noncoordinating solvent. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility for controlling the shape of CdSe nanocrystals in single-step synthesis.
Atery to artery embolism from stenotic middle cerebral artery. (1992)

症例は, 高血圧, 耐糖能異常のある62歳の男性.神経学的には, 高次脳機能障害なく, 右不全片麻痺が認められた.頭部MRIにて, 左中大脳動脈前方領域に皮質を含む楔状の出血性梗塞を認め, 脳塞栓症が考えられた.塞栓源の検索として心エコー, 経食道心エコー, 頸部エコー, ホルター心電図などを行ったが心疾患および頸動脈病変はみられなかった.脳血管造影にて, 左中大脳動脈主幹部に狭窄, および左中大脳動脈皮質枝に閉塞を認めた.梗塞巣の広がりが血管写上の閉塞部位では説明できず塞栓子の分解移動が考えられた.以上より, 塞栓源として中大脳動脈主幹部の狭窄が考えられ, 中大脳動脈主幹部狭窄に基づくartery to arteryembolismが推測された.
Distributed Control Concepts using Multi-Agent technology and Automatic Markets: An indispensable feature of smart power grids (2007)

Multi-agent technology is state of the art ICT. It is not yet widely applied in power control systems. However, it has a large potential for bottom-up, distributed control of RES and DER in future power systems. At least two major European R&D projects (MicroGrids and CRISP) have investigated its potential. Both grid-related as well as market related applications have been studied. This paper will focus on two field tests, performed in the Netherlands, applying multi-agent control by means of the PowerMatcher concept. In the PowerMatcher concept (http://www.powermatcher.net/) software agents are used as representatives of the power producing and/or consuming installations. Via market algorithms a strategy is determined to ensure, that their operational schemes are coordinated in order to balance supply and demand according to the business case. The algorithms in the PowerMatcher use a bottom-up electronic market mechanism. Building such a system, controlling primary user processes on one hand, assuring local autonomy, and operating on the electricity market on the other hand, appears to be feasible with mainstream ICT-components. We will describe and discuss a number of results from two field tests performed with the PowerMatcher concept, and discuss further developments.
520. The action of base on methanesulphonyl esters of reducing sugars (1957)

D. C. C. Smith, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 2690 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570002690
Small Silicon Condenser Microphone Improved with a Backchamber with Concave Lateral Sides (2007)

We have developed a very small, high-sensitivity silicon condenser microphone, in which a back chamber with concave lateral sides and a specific diaphragm were used as improvements. The concave sides increase the volume of the back chamber and thus solve the trade-off between chip downsizing and sensitivity. The novel back chamber was fabricated using a combination of isotropic and anisotropic etching. The diaphragm is supported only at the four corners to yield good deformation. The chip is 1.2 mmtimes1.3 mmtimes0.4 mm. The sensitivity is -41 dBV (8.8 mV/Pa) at 1 kHz and the frequency response is flat between 100 Hz and 10 kHz.
Myc-Transformed Epithelial Cells Down-Regulate Clusterin, Which Inhibits Their Growth <b> <i>in Vitro</i> </b> and Carcinogenesis <b> <i>in Vivo</i> </b> (2004)

Effective treatment of malignant carcinomas requires identification of proteins regulating epithelial cell proliferation. To this end, we compared gene expression profiles in murine colonocytes and their c-Myc-transformed counterparts, which possess enhanced proliferative potential. A surprisingly short list of deregulated genes included the cDNA for clusterin, an extracellular glycoprotein without a firmly established function. We had previously demonstrated that in organs such as skin, clusterin expression is restricted to differentiating but not proliferating cell layers, suggesting a possible negative role in cell division. Indeed, its transient overexpression in Myc-transduced colonocytes decreased cell accumulation. Furthermore, clusterin was down-regulated in rapidly dividing human keratinocytes infected with a Myc-encoding adenovirus. Its knockdown via antisense RNA in neoplastic epidermoid cells enhanced proliferation. Finally, recombinant human clusterin suppressed, in a dose-dependent manner, DNA replication in keratinocytes and other cells of epithelial origin. Thus, clusterin appears to be an inhibitor of epithelial cell proliferation in vitro. To determine whether it also affects neoplastic growth in vivo, we compared wild-type and clusterin-null mice with respect to their sensitivity to 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene /12-Otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (DMBA/TPA)-induced skin carcinogenesis. We observed that the mean number of papillomas/mouse was higher in clusterin-null animals. Moreover, these papillomas did not regress as readily as in wild-type mice and persisted beyond week 35. The rate of progression toward squamous cell carcinoma was not altered, although those developing in clusterin-null mice were on average better differentiated. These data suggest that clusterin not only suppresses epithelial cell proliferation in vitro but also interferes with the promotion stage of skin carcinogenesis.
Elucidating the origin of spurious modes in aluminum nitride microresonators using a 2-D finite-element model (2014)

In this work, an approach has been developed to predict the location of large spurious modes in the resonant response of aluminum nitride (AlN) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators over a wide range of desired operating frequencies. This addresses significant challenges in the design of more complex AlN devices, namely the prediction and elimination of spurious modes in the resonance response. Using the finite element method (FEM), the dispersion curves at wavelengths ranging from 8 to 20 μm were computed. It was determined that the velocities of symmetric Lamb (S0) and high-order antisymmetric (A) modes overlap at specific wavelengths. A 2-D FEM analysis showed that both the S0 and higher order A modes are mutually excited at a common operating wavelength. From this analysis, the coupling-of-modes (COM) parameters were extracted and used to compute the P-matrix and S-parameters using a 6-port transmission matrix. The P-matrix simulation was able to predict the electrical response of the S0 and nearby spurious modes. This work identified specific wavelength regions where COM has limited accuracy because of mode conversion. In these regions, the reflection (κ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> ) and transduction (ζ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> ) parameters change rapidly.
Evolutions in Gaming (2007)

Game consoles are encroaching on PC territory, says Mark Claypool, associate professor in the computer science department at Wooster Polytechnic Institute. "Now they have hard drives, main memory, a programmable processor, a big graphics card, and networking." While game consoles aren't upgraded as often as PCs are-the last upgrades were four and five years ago-the most recent upgrades share the common denominator of "more": more power, better graphics, and more connections with other players. Last year's releases from the big three in gaming consoles-Microsoft's Xbox 360, Nintendo's Wii, and Sony's PlayStation 3-represent an evolution in both technology and purpose, expanding game play and its applications.
Vehicle-to-Grid Regulation Reserves Based on a Dynamic Simulation of Mobility Behavior (2011)

This study establishes a new approach to analyzing the economic impacts of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) regulation reserves by simulating the restrictions arising from unpredictable mobility requests by vehicle users. A case study for Germany using average daily values (in the following also called the “static” approach) and a dynamic simulation including different mobility use patterns are presented. Comparing the dynamic approach with the static approach reveals a significant difference in the power a vehicle can offer for ancillary services and provides insights into the necessary size of vehicle pools and possible adaptations required in the regulation market to render V2G feasible. In the static approach it is shown that negative secondary control is economically the most beneficial for electric vehicles because it offers the highest potential for charging with “low-priced” energy from negative regulation reserves. A Monte Carlo simulation using stochastic mobility behavior results in a 40% reduction of the power available for regulation compared to the static approach. Because of the high value of power in the regulation market, this finding has a strong impact on the resulting revenues. Further, we demonstrate that, for the data used, a pool size of 10 000 vehicles seems reasonable to balance the variation in each individual's driving behavior. In the case of the German regulation market, which uses monthly bids, a daily or hourly bid period is recommended. This adaptation would be necessary to provide individual regulation assuming that the vehicles are primarily used for mobility reasons and cannot deliver the same amount of power every hour of the week.
Preparation and Characterization of Monodisperse Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Hydrocarbon Solvents (2007)

Uniform-sized monodisperse cerium oxide nanoparticles were prepared in a one-step reaction. A cerium−oleate complex was heated in an organic solvent with high boiling point to decompose and form nanocrystals. The products were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, UV−visible spectroscopy, room-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy, and TEM. The TEM images and UV−visible spectra show that the CeO2 particles prepared are uniform nanosized and absorb UV light in the range of 250−400 nm. The size of the nanoparticles prepared can be controlled from 5 to 20 nm by choice of solvent, reaction time, and reactant concentration without any size sorting. The nanoparticles show a strong violet/blue emission at 400 nm in photoluminescence spectrum (PL). The PL emission was found to be sensitive to the particle size.
Dual-polarized wideband widescan multibeam antenna system from tapered slotline elements array (2005)

Array antennas from tapered slotline elements are continuously studied for many years. Recent published research on dual-polarized stripline fed tapered slotline elements array antenna demonstrate the high performance of this antenna. The progress in the radiating array design is followed in our paper with feeding structures that feed the radiating array. The final goal is to realize a complete dual-polarized multibeam antenna system with the same capabilities of the radiating array. The feeding structures presented are Rotman lenses with the same tapered slotline elements as the lens ports, to meet the wideband operation of the radiating array. The paper presents a dual-polarized Rotman lens, appropriate to feed a one-dimensional (1-D) scanning system. The paper also presents a one-polarized Rotman lens that can be used to feed a 1-D, or a two-dimensional (2-D) scanning system, by using interlaced sets of Rotman lenses. The paper demonstrate a 3:1 bandwidth and 40 deg scan from the lens with tapered slotline elements as lens ports.
e-PBL: Possibilities and Limitations (2012)

e-Problem based learning (e-PBL) has been developing in recent years as an innovative learning strategy. Learners in distant placement, in different schools within a country (inter-school), in different countries (international), or in different professional backgrounds (inter-professional) can learn collaboratively on the web under the supervision of tutors. However, e-PBL also has many limitations. Reliable infrastructure, a user-friendly system, technical support, budget, and most importantly, collaboration of faculty staff and students are essential for the success of e-PBL. Our experience of international PBL and inter-professional PBL indicates that e-PBL is feasible and effective in some specific learning contexts. We should utilize e-PBL wisely, and tailor this innovative learning strategy to each educational context for maximizing the learning outcome.
Creating user interfaces using programming by example, visual programming, and constraints (1990)

Peridot is an experimental tool that allows designers to create user interface components without conventional programming. The designer draws pictures of what the interface should look like and then uses the mouse and other input devices to demonstrate how the interface should operate. Peridot generalizes from these example pictures and actions to create parameterized procedures, such as those found in conventional user interface libraries such as the Macintosh Toolbox. Peridot uses visual programming, programming by example, constraints, and plausible inferencing to allow nonprogrammers to create menus, buttons, scroll bars, and many other interaction techniques easily and quickly. Peridot created its own interface and can create almost all of the interaction techniques in the Macintosh Toolbox. Therefore, Peridot demonstrates that it is possible to provide sophisticated programming capabilities to nonprogrammers in an easy-to-use manner and still have sufficient power to generate interesting and useful programs.
Activation of Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Type 1 Contributes to Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury (2015)

This study reveals that LPA signaling via LPA receptor type 1 activation causes demyelination and functional deficits after spinal cord injury.
Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by sodium tungstate in neutral solution Part 3: Coinhibitors and synergism (1998)

AbstractThe corrosion inhibiting effects of three additives, sodium benzoate, calcium gluconate, and sodium glycerophosphate, as coinhibitors with Na2WO4 were investigated by measuring the corrosion weight loss of mild steel in distilled water and in 10−3M NaCl. The specimens were examined and photographed under a metallographic microscope. In distilled water each of the substances completely inhibits the corrosion of steel at a definite concentration. In mixtures with Na2WO4, complete inhibition was achieved when the concentration of each component was considerably less than the minimum required to prevent corrosion when present alone (synergism). An inverse, non-linear relationship governed the concentrations of the inhibitor and the coadditive. In 10−3M NaCl the Cl− ion competed with the two additives for adsorption sites; corrosion retardation required higher concentrations of WO2−4 and its coinhibitor. In the presence of lower inhibitor concentrations the test coupons suffered pitting attack, the for...
Realizing Visible-Light-Induced Self-Cleaning Property of Cotton through Coating N-TiO<sub>2</sub> Film and Loading AgI Particles (2011)

The visible-light-induced self-cleaning property of cotton has been realized by coating N-TiO(2) film and loading AgI particles simultaneously. The physical properties were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and DRS techniques. The visible light photocatalytic activities of the materials were evaluated using the degradation of methyl orange. In comparison with TiO(2)-cotton, the dramatic enhancement in the visible light photocatalytic performance of the AgI-N-TiO(2)-cotton could be attributed to the synergistic effect of AgI and N-TiO(2), including generation of visible light photocatalytic activity and the effective electron-hole separations at the interfaces of the two semiconductors. The photocatalytic activity of the AgI-N-TiO(2)-cotton was fully maintained upon several numbers of photodegradation cycles. In addition, according to the XRD patterns of the AgI-N-TiO(2)-cotton before and after reaction, AgI was stable in the composites under visible light irradiation. Moreover, a possible mechanism for the excellent and stable photocatalytic activity of AgI-N-TiO(2)-cotton under visible light irradiation was also proposed.
A THREE-WAVELENGTH PULSE OXIMETER FOR CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION (2008)

Pulse oximetry measures the relative concentration of arterial oxygenated hemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin. This paper presents the design of a pulse oximeter, which measures the presence of a third substance, carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), by unfiltered LEDs at 660 nm, 810 nm, and 940 nm. Background information is given on the theory of pulse oximetry. Theoretical approximations and calculations which are implemented in our instrument are presented. Sensor design and a flowchart, showing the signal processing routine that accomplishes the required analysis is included. The problem of noise occurrence during the signal processing routine is also discussed.
Activation Mapping With Integration of Vector and Velocity Information Improves the Ability to Identify the Mechanism and Location of Complex Scar-Related Atrial Tachycardias (2018)

Activation mapping integrating vectors can help determine the arrhythmia mechanism and identify its critical components. It has particular value for identifying complex macroreentrant circuits and for differentiating a focal source from a localized reentry.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Free Chiral Metal Catalysts for Highly Effective Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation. (2010)

Abstract Review: ca. 100 refs.
Thesaurosis Following Inhalation of Hair Spray (1958)

HAIR spray is currently one of the most widely used cosmetic preparations. Although the exact compositions of various brands of hair sprays are closely guarded trade secrets, it is generally known that they may contain, in addition to a Freon propellant, various synthetic and naturally occurring resins in aqueous or alcoholic solutions. Perfumes and small amounts of lanolin are other common ingredients. So far, neither consumers nor physicians appear to have questioned the innocuity of these products. However, our experience with the following cases and subsequent animal experiments suggest that hair sprays may not be altogether harmless.Case ReportsCase . . .
Applying a BOC-PRN discriminator to cosine phased BOC( <i>f</i> <sub> <i>s</i> </sub> , <i>f</i> <sub> <i>c</i> </sub> ) modulation (2009)

The extended binary offset carrier-pseudorandom noise (BOC-PRN) discriminator is shown to work efficiently for the new cosine phased BOC (fs,fc) signals defined for global navigation satellite systems, where n (=2fs/fc) is an arbitrary even integer. The new unambiguous code discriminator provides good multipath mitigation performance for medium delays.
DNA Base Excision Repair: Evolving Biomarkers for Personalized Therapies in Cancer (2013)

DNA repair is critical for maintaining genomic integrity. The DNA damage such as those induced by endogenous processes (methylation, hydroxylation, oxidation by free radicals) or by exogenous agents such as ionizing radiation, environmental toxins, and chemotherapy is processed through the DNA repair machinery in cells. At least six distinct DNA repair pathways have been described. A detailed discussion of individual pathways is beyond the scope of this chapter as several recent excellent reviews on DNA repair are available [1-6]. Briefly, direct repair is involved in the repair of alkylated bases (such as O6 methyl guanine) by MGMT (O6 methyl guanine DNA methyl transferases [7-10]. DNA mismatch repair (MMR) corrects base-base mismatches and insertion-deletion loops (IDLs) erroneously generated during DNA replication and by exogenous DNA damage [11-13]. Bulky DNA adducts are processed through the nucleotide excision repair pathway (NER) [14-16]. DNA double strand breaks are repaired through the homologous recombination pathway (predominantly during S-phase of cell cycle) [17-19] or the non-homologous end joining pathway (NHEJ), that operates outside the S-phase of the cell cycle [20-22]. DNA base damage is processed by the base excision repair (BER) machinery. In the current chapter we focus on BER. Evolving preclinical and clinical data suggests that BER factors are likely to be important prognostic, predictive and therapeutic targets in cancer.
Fluorescent Conjugated Polymers That Incorporate Substituted 2,1,3-Benzooxadiazole and 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole Units (2008)

Heterocyclic monomers based on 2,1,3-benzooxadiazole and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole bearing solubilizing side chains have been synthesized in high yields over three steps from readily available starting materials. The monomers are efficiently cross-coupled with diynes and bis(boronates) to afford high molecular weight luminescent poly(arylene ethynylene)s and polyfluorenes that exhibit red-shifted absorption and emission maxima, greater solubility, and reduced aggregation.
Assessment of intravascular volume: A comedy of errors (2001)

Dr. Ely and colleagues (1) should be complimented on an outstanding article, which I believe should impact on the way intensivists approach the exceedingly difficult and yet vitally important task of assessing the intravascular volume status of critically ill patients. To make rational management de
억양 음운론의 관점에서 본 영어와 한국어의 억양 비교 : ToBI 와 K-ToBI 를 중심으로 (2000)

This paper first introduces the basics of English Intonational Phonology(Pierrehumbert 1980), and it deals with the relationship between the pitch components and its meanings based on Engislh ToBI(Silverman et al. 1992, etc,). Then it introduces the acoustic characteristics of Korean intonation from both the traditional (Lee 1996) and K-ToBI`s(Jun 2000) viewpoints, and it compares these characteristics with those of English intonation. Finally, it introduces some results of phonetic experiments, which show certain tendencies of Korean speakers` English intonation. (Korea University)