gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SAT2 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Structurally Modified for Increased Thermostability (2017)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), particularly strains of the O and SAT serotypes, is notoriously unstable. Consequently, vaccines derived from heat-labile SAT viruses have been linked to the induction of immunity with a poor duration and hence require more frequent vaccinations to ensure protection. <i>In silico</i> calculations predicted residue substitutions that would increase interactions at the interpentamer interface, supporting increased stability. We assessed the stability of the 18 recombinant mutant viruses in regard to their growth kinetics, antigenicity, plaque morphology, genetic stability, and temperature, ionic, and pH stability by using Thermofluor and inactivation assays in order to evaluate potential SAT2 vaccine candidates with improved stability. The most stable mutant for temperature and pH stability was the S2093Y single mutant, while other promising mutants were the E3198A, L2094V, and S2093H single mutants and the F2062Y-H2087M-H3143V triple mutant. Although the S2093Y mutant had the greatest stability, it exhibited smaller plaques, a reduced growth rate, a change in monoclonal antibody footprint, and poor genetic stability properties compared to those of the wild-type virus. However, these factors affecting production can be overcome. The addition of 1 M NaCl was found to further increase the stability of the SAT2 panel of viruses. The S2093Y and S2093H mutants were selected for future use in stabilizing SAT2 vaccines.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious acute vesicular disease in cloven-hoofed livestock and wildlife. The control of the disease by vaccination is essential, especially at livestock-wildlife interfaces. The instability of some serotypes, such as SAT2, affects the quality of vaccines and therefore the duration of immunity. We have shown that we can improve the stability of SAT2 viruses by mutating residues at the capsid interface through predictive modeling. This is an important finding for the potential use of such mutants in improving the stability of SAT2 vaccines in countries where FMD is endemic, which rely heavily on the maintenance of the cold chain, with potential improvement to the duration of immune responses.
Identification of a novel splice-site mutation of the BRCA1 gene in two breast cancer families: Screening reveals low frequency in Icelandic breast cancer patients (1998)

The purpose of this study was to characterise the Icelandic BRCAl allele segregating in these breast cancer families and to estimate its significance in a population-based screening effort.
Human retinal imaging using visible-light optical coherence tomography guided by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (2015)

We achieved human retinal imaging using visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) guided by an integrated scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO). We adapted a spectral domain OCT configuration and used a supercontinuum laser as the illumating source. The center wavelength was 564 nm and the bandwidth was 115 nm, which provided a 0.97 µm axial resolution measured in air. We characterized the sensitivity to be 86 dB with 226 µW incidence power on the pupil. We also integrated an SLO that shared the same optical path of the vis-OCT sample arm for alignment purposes. We demonstrated the retinal imaging from both systems centered at the fovea and optic nerve head with 20° × 20° and 10° × 10° field of view. We observed similar anatomical structures in vis-OCT and NIR-OCT. The contrast appeared different from vis-OCT to NIR-OCT, including slightly weaker signal from intra-retinal layers, and increased visibility and contrast of anatomical layers in the outer retina.
In Vitro Interactions of Asian Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Hemocytes and Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts (1997)

Corbicula fluminea hemocytes phagocytosed infectious oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro. After 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min of incubation, averages of 35.8, 58.0, 69.7, 77.7, and 81.6% of the oocysts were phagocytosed by 24.3, 70.0, 78.5, 87.3, and 93.0% of the hemocytes, respectively. A single clam can retain by phagocytosis an average of 1.84 x 10(sup6) oocysts per ml of hemolymph. C. fluminea bivalves can serve as biological indicators of contamination of wastewaters and agricultural drainages with Cryptosporidium.
Angiography-Negative Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis (2008)

Primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV) is a rare and poorly understood syndrome. We describe the clinical findings in 8 patients who appear to have a distinct subset of PCNSV. We identified 101 consecutive patients with PCNSV who were seen between January 1, 1983, and December 31, 2003. The diagnosis was based on conventional angiography in 70 patients and on central nervous system biopsy in 31 patients. Six of the 31 patients also had angiograms showing changes of vasculitis. Thus, 76 patients of the cohort had abnormal angiograms. Eight of the 101 patients had normal angiograms ("angiography-negative") but had brain biopsies that showed vasculitis. We compared the clinical and laboratory findings and outcomes of the 8 patients with angiography-negative PCNSV with those of the 76 patients with PCNSV whose angiograms showed evidence of vasculitis ("angiography-positive"). In comparison with the 76 patients with angiography-positive PCNSV, the 8 patients with angiography-negative PCNSV more commonly had 1) a cognitive disorder (87.5% vs. 43.4%; p =.024); 2) cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities (a protein level ≥700 mg/L or a white blood cell count ≥10 × 106/L) (100% vs. 35.5%; p =.034); and 3) meningeal or parenchymal enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (75.0% vs. 23.9%; p =.007). Other differences between the 2 groups were observed but were not significantly different. All patients with angiography-negative PCNSV responded to treatment and none died. Angiography-negative PCNSV appears to be a distinct subtype of cerebral vasculitis with small vessel involvement beyond the resolution of conventional angiography and is associated with a favorable outcome. Abbreviations: CNS = central nervous system, CSF = cerebrospinal fluid, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, PCNSV = primary central nervous system vasculitis.
Failure of imprinting at Igf-2: two models of mutation-selection balance. (1995)

The failure of maternal imprinting at the insulin-like growth factor II (Igf-2) locus predisposes individuals to several clinical conditions, including Wilms tumor. Having two functional Igf-2 genes, therefore, is selectively disadvantageous, and the condition is probably maintained in human populations by recurrent mutation. We propose two models that predict the expected frequency of functionally diploid individuals in a large population, in terms of a mutation rate, mu, and the selection coefficient against functionally diploid individuals, s. In the first model a mutant Igf-2 allele that cannot be imprinted arises from the standard, imprintable allele at a rate mu. Our second model hypothesizes a second modifier locus at which a recessive allele arises at rate mu. Mothers who are homozygous for this recessive modifier allele fail to imprint their eggs. Both models predict the expected frequency of affecteds to be 2 mu/s(1 + mu), approximately twice that predicted by the standard one-locus model of a recessive allele in mutation-selection balance. This frequency suggests that < or = 25% of the cases of Wilms tumor are due to the failure to imprint the maternal Igf-2 gene.
In Vivo Competence of Murine Cytomegalovirus under the Control of the Human Cytomegalovirus Major Immediate-Early Enhancer in the Establishment of Latency and Reactivation (2008)

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early enhancer has been postulated to play a pivotal role in the control of latency and reactivation. However, the absence of an animal model has obstructed a direct test of this hypothesis. Here we report on the establishment of an in vivo, experimentally tractable system for quantitatively investigating physiological functions of the HCMV enhancer. Using a neonate BALB/c mouse model, we show that a chimeric murine CMV under the control of the HCMV enhancer is competent in vivo, replicating in key organs of mice with acute CMV infection and exhibiting latency/reactivation features comparable for the most part to those of the parental and revertant viruses.
Mechanically and optically reliable folding structure with a hyperelastic material for seamless foldable displays (2011)

We report a mechanically and optically robust folding structure to realize a foldable active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode (AMOLED) display without a visible crease at the junction. A nonlinear stress analysis, based on a finite element method, provided an optimized design. The folding-unfolding test on the structure exhibited negligible deterioration of the relative brightness at the junction of the individual panels up to 105 cycles at a folding radius of 1 mm, indicating highly reliable mechanical and optical tolerances. These results demonstrate the feasibility of seamless foldable AMOLED displays, with potentially important technical implications on fabricating large size flexible displays.
Thiol-Based Potent and Selective HDAC6 Inhibitors Promote Tubulin Acetylation and T-Regulatory Cell Suppressive Function (2015)

Several new mercaptoacetamides were synthesized and studied as HDAC6 inhibitors. One compound, 2b, bearing an aminoquinoline cap group, was found to show 1.3 nM potency at HDAC6, with >3000-fold selectivity over HDAC1. 2b also showed excellent efficacy at increasing tubulin acetylation in rat primary cortical cultures, inducing a 10-fold increase in acetylated tubulin at 1 μM. To assess possible therapeutic effects, compounds were assayed for their ability to increase T-regulatory (Treg) suppressive function. Some but not all of the compounds increased Treg function, and thereby decreased conventional T cell activation and proliferation in vitro.
The Feasibility of Force Control Over the Internet (2001)

This paper describes the challenges requiring to be overcome in order to be able to utilize the Internet as a medium to provide intelligible force feedback for Tele-robotic systems. Presently there are several devices that can now be controlled over the Internet from previous work by others. It is possible that an expansion of this concept to include force feedback could ultimately lead to remote medical operations (Tele-Surgery) utilizing the Internet as the transport. Successful implementation even in its most rudimentary form could potentially provide much more rapid and expert life saving patient care during the first hour after injury. This time is known within the medical circles as the “Golden Hour”. This paper discusses initial work being performed to investigate the relevance and practicality of the Internet to support intelligible force control of Telerobotic systems. A review of current Internet Telerobotic equipment followed by new approaches and experimental work is presented.
Polymeric Inserts and Implants for the Controlled Release of Drugs (1978)

Abstract Because of the ability of polymers to exist in glassy, rubbery or solvent‐swollen forms which have very different diffusion coefficients they are able to be used very effectively to control the release of incorporated drugs. As the polymers can vary from inert in vivo to biodegradable an even greater scope for versatile formulation is provided. The various parameters governing the design of controlled release implants are discussed.
Mining multi-level time-interval sequential patterns in sequence databases (2010)

Mining sequential patterns is an important issue in data mining and has many applications. An extended work of sequential pattern mining, called time-interval sequential pattern mining, is proposed to retrieve time-interval information between successive items. However, previous work only considers single-level time-interval in pattern extraction, which means sequential patterns with cross-level time-intervals are completely ignored. Therefore, this study first defines multi-level time-interval sequential patterns and then presents a novel algorithm, named MLTI-PrefixSpan, for discovering the complete set of multi-level time-interval sequential patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective on the test dataset.
Management of Painful VertebralHemangiomas with Kyphoplasty: A Report ofTwo Cases and a Literature Review (2009)

Background and Objectives: Although uncommon, symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas can be a painful condition limiting daily activities. Balloon kyphoplasty is a developing technique that has successfully been used in the treatment of vertebral hemangiomas as reported in a few publications. The aim of this paper is to describe 2 cases of painful vertebral hemangiomas effectively treated with percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty and review the current literature. Design and Methods: A 38-year-old male with a painful L5 biopsy-proven hemangioma and a 75-year-old female with a painful T12, hemangioma MRIproven both presented with thoraco-lumbar pain. Physical exams correlated with imaging findings and no neurological symptoms were present. Both patients received conservative management including physical therapy and a variety of spinal injections without benefit. Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty was subsequently performed on each patient to relieve pain. Results: After kyphoplasty, both patients’ pain resolved immediately and they were able to resume previous levels of activity. Conclusions: This case series demonstrates a successful response to vertebral augmentation using balloon kyphoplasty when other treatment modalities failed. When compared to traditional first line treatments such as vertebroplasty or lytic therapies, kyphoplasty may offer fewer procedural risks such as a decreased exposure to radiation, a decreased risk of excessive hemorrhage, and a decreased risk of cement leakage which may make it the preferred treatment of painful vertebral hemangiomas in the future. Key words: Painful vertebral hemangioma, kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty
Investigation and treatment of a multiple limb birth (1991)

We report a baby born with three fully developed normally functioning legs. The third leg was attached to the baby's sacrum via an iliac bone at the site of a spina bifida. A primitive perineum was present. Innervation of the limb was via a sacral hiatus with a myelomeningocele. A rudimentary peritoneal sac was found at operation containing a blind loop of bowel suspended by a mesentery. The additional leg was found to have no cortical representation using somatic evoked potentials although lumbar responses were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a bifid spinal cord in the lumbo-sacral region. Associated abnormalities were a haemangioma of the L orbit and a vascular mass in the cerebellum.
Food colloids: self assembly and material science (2007)

Food Structure for Nutrition Part One: Self-Assembly and Encapsulation Self-Assembly in Food A New Way to Make Nutritious Products Structure of Self-Assembled Globular Proteins Similarities in Self-Assembly of Proteins and Surfactants: An Attempt to Bridge the Gap Self-Assembled Liquid Particles: How to Modulate their Internal Structure Synergistic Solubilization of Mixed Nutraceuticals in Modified Discontinuous Micellar Cubic Structures Scope and Limitations of Using Wax to Encapsulate Water-Soluble Compounds Self-Assembly of Starch Spherulites as Induced by Inclusion Complexation with Small Ligands Part Two: Biopolymer Interactions Electrostatics in Macromolecular Solutions Casein Interactions: Does the Chemistry Really Matter? Electrostatic Interactions between Lactoferrin and -Lactoglobulin in Oil-in-Water Emulsions -Lactoglobulin Aggregates from Heating with Charged Cosolutes: Formation, Characterization and Foaming Manipulation of Adsorption Behaviour at Liquid Interfaces by Changing Protein Polysaccharide Electrostatic Interactions Adsorption Experiments from Mixed Protein + Surfactant Solutions Role of Electrostatic Interactions on Molecular Self-Assembly of Protein + Phospholipid Films at the Air Water Interface Theoretical Study of Phase Transition Behaviour in Mixed Biopolymer + Surfactant Interfacial Layers Using the Self-Consistent-Field Approach Interactions during the Acidification of Native and Heated Milks Studied by Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy Computer Simulation of the Pre-heating, Gelation and Rheology of Acid Skim Milk Systems Xanthan Gum in Skim Milk: Designing Structure into Acid Milk Gels Part Three: Particles, Droplets and Bubbles Particle Tracking as a Probe of Microrheology in Food Colloids Optical Microrheology of Gelling Biopolymer Solutions Based on Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy Gel and Glass Transitions in Short-range Attractive Colloidal Systems Shape and Interfacial Viscoelastic Response of Emulsion Droplets in Shear Flow Enhancement of Stability of Bubbles to Disproportionation Using Hydrophilic Silica Particles Mixed with Surfactants or Proteins Coalescence of Expanding Bubbles: Effects of Protein Type and Included Oil Droplets Part Four: Emulsions Role of Protein-Stabilized Interfaces on the Microstructure and Rheology of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Crystallization in Monodisperse Emulsions with Particles in Size Range 20 200 nm Instant Emulsions Flavour Binding by Solid and Liquid Emulsion Droplets Adsorption of Macromolecules at Oil Water Interfaces during Emulsification Part Five: Texture, Rheology and Sensory Perception Tribology as a Tool to Study Emulsion Behaviour in the Mouth Saliva-Induced Emulsion Flocculation: Role of Droplet Charge Surface Topography of Heat-Set Whey Protein Gels: Effects of Added Salt and Xanthan Gum Mechanisms Determining Crispness and its Retention in Foods with a Dry Crust Subject Index
Fast Charging Systems for NiCd Batteries (1968)

A discussion of the requirements and problems encountered in designing fast charging systems for nickel-cadmium cells is presented including discussion of some of the special cells available.
Diastereoselective Aldol Reaction of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dibenzyl-α-amino Aldehydes with Ketones Catalyzed by Proline (2004)

[reaction: see text] L-proline-catalyzed direct aldol reaction of L-amino acid-derived N,N-dibenzyl amino aldehydes with acetone, cyclopentanone, or hydroxyacetone provides gamma-amino-beta-hydroxy- or gamma-amino-alpha,beta-dihydroxy-ketones with moderate to excellent yields and diastereoselectivities.
If Meat Is Murder, What's Vegetarianism? (2008)

The different viewpoints regarding the benefits of being vegetarian as compared to those that are meat eaters as well as to the environment are discussed. A range of policies to encourage more vegetarian eating in the US are highlighted.
Resin Flow During the Cure of Fiber Reinforced Composites (1982)

Experiments were performed studying resin flow during the cure of fiber reinforced, organic matrix composites using a system in which the resin was simulated by viscous liquids and the fibers either by layers of thin rods or by layers of porous plates. The flow pattern was observed and the flow rate was measured for different applied pressures. The data were compared to the results of the Springer-Loos model and excellent agreement was found bet ween the data and the model.
Increased Affinity and Stability of an Anti-HIV-1 Envelope Immunotoxin by Structure-based Mutagenesis (2002)

HIV-infected cells are selectively killed by an immunotoxin in which a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A is joined to the variable region of a broadly neutralizing antibody (3B3) that recognizes the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). To improve the efficacy of this molecule, we used three-dimensional structural information and phage selection data to design 23 single and multiple point mutations in the antibody variable region sequences that contact Env. Substituting an aromatic residue for an aspartate in the third complementarity-determining region of V(H) increased the potency of the immunotoxin by approximately 10-fold in a cell-killing assay. Detailed analysis of one such mutant, N31H/Q100eY, revealed both a higher affinity for monomeric and cell surface Env and an increased stability against aggregation compared with the starting immunotoxin. Conversion to a disulfide-linked two-chain format further stabilized the protein. N31H/Q100eY retained the ability to bind to Env from multiple viral isolates, to inhibit Env-mediated cell fusion, and to limit spreading viral infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Such site-directed mutants may increase the utility of immunotoxins for reducing or eradicating persistent HIV-1 infection in humans.
Current Management of Patients with Severe von Willebrand Disease Type 3: A 2012 Update (2012)

Von Willebrand disease type 3 (VWD3) is the most severe form of this bleeding disorder due to the almost complete deficiency of von Willebrand factor (VWF). VWD3 is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. While heterozygous carriers exhibit mild or no bleeding symptoms, most patients with VWD3, which is characterized by undetectable levels of VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) and reduced concentrations (<20 IU/dl) of factor VIII (FVIII), show severe bleeding symptoms. Although the incidence of VWD3 is rare, the condition is of considerable interest because of its severe clinical presentation, the need for replacement therapy and the risk of alloantibodies following infusion of plasma-derived VWF concentrates. This review, based on clinical experience, provides an update on the clinical, laboratory and molecular markers of VWD3 that can be useful for determining the optimal therapeutic approach in these patients.
Development of WaveLAN®, an ISM Band Wireless LAN (1993)

Wireless voice communications has seen a great many changes in the last few years, including the evolution of cordless telephones, cellular systems, and the development of standards for personal communications services (PCS). Recently, high-speed wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been getting more attention, both in marketing and research. This paper discusses the design philosophy in the development of NCR's WaveLAN®, and the technical tradeoffs.
Overview of Magnetostrictive Sensor Technology (2007)

As sensors become integrated in more applications, interest in magnetostrictive sensor technology has blossomed. Magnetostrictive sensors take advantage of the efficient coupling between the elastic and magnetic states of a material to facilitate sensing a quantity of interest. Magnetic and magnetostrictive theory pertinent to magnetostrictive sensor technology is provided. Sensing configurations are based on the utilization of a magnetostrictive element in a passive, active, or combined mode. Magnetostrictive sensor configurations that measure motion, stress or force, torque, magnetic fields, target characteristics, and miscellaneous effects are discussed. The configurations are compared and contrasted in terms of application, sensitivity, and implementation issues. Comparisons are made to other common sensor configurations as appropriate. Experimental and modeling results are described when available and schematics of the configurations are presented.