gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Glasses and Ceramics for Electrical Use based on Alkoxide and Unidirectional Solidification Methods (1983)

A review has been made on two methods of preparing glasses and ceramics: (1) alkoxide method for preparing oxide coating films and (2) unidirectional solidification of melts for preparing oriented oxide crystalline bodies. In the alkoxide method for coating, the substrate is dipped in the metal alkoxide solution, withdrawn and heated to several hundred degrees Celsius. Formation of SiO 2 and BaTiO 3 films has been described in detail. In the unidirectional solidification the melt is cooled down in the presence of temperature gradient. Formation of unidirectional crystalline bodies of 0.7NaNbO 3 ·0.3BaTiO 3 , γ-6Bi 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 , PbTiO 3 and Bi 2 PbNb 2 O 9 has been introduced in detail.
Cell differentiation: therapeutical challenges in diabetes. (2012)

Stem cells, derived from either embryonic or adult tissues, are considered to be potential sources of insulin-secreting cells to be transplanted into type 1 and advanced stages of type 2 diabetic patients. Many laboratories have considered this possibility, resulting in a large amount of published protocols, with a wide degree of complexity among them. Our group was the first to report that it was possible to obtain insulin-secreting cells from mouse embryonic stem cells, proving the feasibility of this new challenge. The same observation was immediately reported using human embryonic stem cells. However, the resulting cell product was not properly characterised, affecting the reproducibility of the protocol by other groups. A more elaborated protocol was developed by Lumelsky and co-workers, demonstrating that neuroectodermal cells could be an alternative source for insulin-producing cells. However, the resulting cells of this protocol produced low amounts of the hormone. This aimed other groups to perform key changes in order to improve the insulin content of the resulting cells. Recently, Baetge's group has published a new protocol based on the knowledge accumulated in pancreatic development. In this protocol, human embryonic stem cells were differentiated into islet-like structures through a five step protocol, emulating the key steps during embryonic development of the endocrine pancreas. The final cell product, however, seemed to be in an immature state, thus further improvement is required. Despite this drawback, the protocol represents the culmination of work performed by different groups and offers new research challenges for the investigators in this exciting field. Concerning adult stem cells, the possibility of identifying pancreatic precursors or of reprogramming extrapancreatic derived cells are key possibilities that may circumvent the problems that appear when using embryonic stem cells, such as immune rejection and tumour formation.
Substance P (SP) mediates production of stem cell factor and interleukin-1 in bone marrow stroma: potential autoregulatory role for these cytokines in SP receptor expression and induction (1995)

Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide widely distributed in the nervous system. Its release within the bone marrow (BM) can mediate bidirectional neurohematopoietic communication via specific receptors: neurokinin-1R (NK-1R), NK-2R, or NK-3R. We have previously reported that SP effects on hematopoiesis are mediated by an NK-1-type receptor, the BM stroma, and growth factors. Here, we have studied the induction of stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by SP in stroma. At 10(-9) mol/L SP, cytokine levels in supernatants were IL-1 alpha, 20 +/- 5 ng/mL; IL-1 beta, 40 +/- 10 ng/mL; and SCF, nondetectable; and the cell-associated levels were SCF, 21 +/- 2 ng/mL; IL-1 alpha, 90 +/- 6 ng/mL; and IL-1 beta, 45 +/- 3 ng/mL. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and ligand-binding studies with stroma stimulated by these two cytokines resulted in (1) NK-1-like receptor mRNA accumulation and (2) downregulation of SP binding sites (day 1) followed by an upregulation (day 3). Low numbers of high-affinity receptors were expressed by day 1 but not by day 3. The results indicate that SP induces IL-1 and SCF in stroma and that these cytokines have the potential to autoregulate NK-R.
Analysis of Natural Fractures in the Basal Zechstein Carbonates in the Dutch Offshore Area using Wireline Log Data (2011)

The primary gas reservoirs in the Southern Dutch offshore are in decline. Discoveries of new gas reservoirs are getting smaller and smaller reservoirs receive more attention. The three major carbonate beds in the Basal Zechstein (Z1C, Z2C and Z3C) are considered potential secondary gas reservoirs. To be able to develop the gas from these carbonates depends strongly on the presence of fractures. The fracture pattern of the Zechstein carbonates in the Dutch offshore is however not well known. Currently the most reliable methods to investigate fractures in the boreholes are borehole-wall imaging techniques. These imaging techniques are expensive and time-consuming and most of the time not included in the logging suite. Therefore, an alternative method of predicting fractures using basic wireline logs (Gamma ray, sonic, density, photoelectrics, resistivity and caliper) would be very valuable. In this study an artificial neural network (ANN) is developed in order to make fracture predictions based on wireline log data. Additional the ability of indicating fractures with a decision tree is explored for wells that have too few logs available for a ANN approach. Both the ANN and decision tree are trained with supervised learning. The models are calibrated using core data (rotary sidewall core and slabbed core data) of fractured and non-fractured Zechstein carbonate intervals. The ANN is trained with success, where the degree of success is directly related to the amount of fractures identified in the core. The DCT approach resulted in a moderate fracture prediction performance and is best used in combination with an ANN. With this combination a fracture prediction has been made on several wells that were excluded from training with these two methods. The resulting fracture predictions have been compared with indications of mud losses and productivity data, showing a good match.
Specific Binding of a Dichloroacetamide Herbicide Safener in Maize at a Site That Also Binds Thiocarbamate and Chloroacetanilide Herbicides (1995)

Dichloroacetamide safeners such as N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide and (R,S)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine protect maize (Zea mays) against injury from thiocarbamate and chloroacetanilide herbicides. Binding activity of tritium-labeled (R,S)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (15 Ci/mmol; referred to as [3H]Saf) was characterized in extracts of etiolated maize seedlings. The binding is saturable, involves a single class of binding sites (Kd 0.12 microM; maximal binding in coleoptiles 0.53 nmol/g fresh weight, equivalent to 55 pmol/mg protein), and is sensitive to boiling and protease treatment. Binding in etiolated maize seedlings is highest in the coleoptile and lowest in the leaves. Binding of [3H]Saf also occurs in etiolated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) shoots but not several other cereals. There is a good correlation between known safener effectiveness and the concentration that inhibits [3H]Saf binding half-maximally among 21 dichloroacetamides and related compounds. N,N-Diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide had the lowest inhibitor concentration that reduces specific binding by 50% (IC50), 0.01 microM. [3H]Saf binding is inhibited by 4 chloroacetanilide herbicides with IC50 values of 0.07 to 0.48 microM and by 12 thiocarbamate herbicides and analogs with IC50 values of 0.06 to 2.3 microM. The inhibition of [3H]Saf binding by alachlor and S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate is competitive.
Precision Registration and Mosaicking of Multicamera Images (2009)

A method for registering and mosaicking multicamera images is described. Registration is achieved using control points and projective transformation, paying special attention to factors that contribute to the precision registration of images. Among the corresponding control points found in overlapping images, those that best satisfy the projective constraint are used to register the images. Experimental results show that a small number of correspondences that satisfy the projective constraint produce a more accurate registration than a large number of correspondences in least squares fashion. To achieve seamless mosaics, the intensities of all images captured by the cameras are transformed to the intensities of one of the images to minimize the intensity difference between the registered images. Mosaicking results on 4096 image sets acquired by a six-camera system are presented and discussed.
Hypothyroxinemia in Cardiac Arrest (1987)

Thyroid function was evaluated in cardiac arrest (CA), a condition associated with marked activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis. Blood samples were obtained in 24 patients immediately after diagnosis of CA and again ten minutes later. Samples were also obtained from 22 patients admitted consecutively to the intensive care unit (ICU). Abnormalities of thyroid indexes among patients on the ICU who had not experienced CA were low triiodothyronine (T3) in 45%, low thyroxine (T4) in 32%, low free T4 (equilibrium dialysis) in 21%, and elevated reverse T3 levels in 36%. The alterations of thyroid values were both more common and marked in patients with CA, with abnormally low T3 in 84% of the patients, low T4 in 65%, low free T4 in 65%, and high reverse T3 in 80%. Thyroxine-binding globulin and prealbumin concentrations were below the normal range in 40% and 21% of patients with CA. A thyroid hormone-binding inhibitor was detected in 38% of patients with CA. Thyroglobulin level was slightly high in patients with CA but not significantly different from controls on the ICU. The abnormalities present at zero minutes were further exaggerated ten minutes after CA. We conclude that abnormalities on tests measuring thyroid function are extremely common during the cardiovascular emergency of CA.
Improving accuracy in end-to-end packet loss measurement (2005)

Measurement and estimation of packet loss characteristics are challenging due to the relatively rare occurrence and typically short duration of packet loss episodes. While active probe tools are commonly used to measure packet loss on end-to-end paths, there has been little analysis of the accuracy of these tools or their impact on the network. The objective of our study is to understand how to measure packet loss episodes accurately with end-to-end probes. We begin by testing the capability of standard Poisson-modulated end-to-end measurements of loss in a controlled laboratory environment using IP routers and commodity end hosts. Our tests show that loss characteristics reported from such Poisson-modulated probe tools can be quite inaccurate over a range of traffic conditions. Motivated by these observations, we introduce a new algorithm for packet loss measurement that is designed to overcome the deficiencies in standard Poisson-based tools. Specifically, our method creates a probe process that (1) enables an explicit trade-off between accuracy and impact on the network, and (2) enables more accurate measurements than standard Poisson probing at the same rate. We evaluate the capabilities of our methodology experimentally by developing and implementing a prototype tool, called BADABING. The experiments demonstrate the trade-offs between impact on the network and measurement accuracy. We show that BADABING reports loss characteristics far more accurately than traditional loss measurement tools.
Effective utilization of disk bandwidth for supporting interactive video-on-demand (1996)

This paper proposes a novel data retrieval scheme that achieves effective utilization of disk bandwidth for designing fully interactive video-on-demand systems. The main distinctions of the proposed data retrieval scheme are (1) it requires no extra disk bandwidth to support interactive features such as fast forward search and fast backward search; and (2) it is based on a data placement scheme that can effectively utilize disk bandwidth during normal-speed playback.
An oral yohimbine/<scp>l</scp>‐arginine combination (NMI 861) for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction: a pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and interaction study with intravenous nitroglycerine in healthy male subjects (2004)

Acute oral administration of NMI 861 was found to be well tolerated and bioavailable in healthy male subjects and no significant hypotensive interaction with intravenous GTN was detected at the doses investigated.
A churn-resistant peer-to-peer web caching system (2003)

Denial of service attacks on peer-to-peer (p2p) systems can arise from sources otherwise considered non-malicious. We focus on one such commonly prevalent source, called "churn". Churn arises from continued and rapid arrival and failure (or departure) of a large number of participants in the system, and traces from deployments have shown that it can lead to extremely stressful networking conditions. It has the potential to increase host loads and block a large fraction of normal insert and lookup operations in the peer-to-peer system. This paper studies a cooperative web caching system that is resistant to churn attacks. Based on the Kelips peer-to-peer routing substrate, it imposes a constant load on participants and is able to reorganize itself continuously under churn. Peer pointers are automatically established among more available participants, thus ensuring high cache hit rates even when the system is stressed under churn. In addition, the system improves on the network locality of cache accesses in previous web caching schemes. The paper presents experimental results from a real implementation running over a commodity PC cluster, as well as trace-based simulations that use real host availability traces obtained from another deployed p2p system.
A motivational game-theoretic approach for peer-to-peer energy trading in the smart grid (2019)

Peer-to-peer trading in energy networks is expected to be exclusively conducted by the prosumers of the network with negligible influence from the grid. This raises the critical question: how can enough prosumers be encouraged to participate in peer-to-peer trading so as to make its operation sustainable and beneficial to the overall electricity network? To this end, this paper proposes how a motivational psychology framework can be used effectively to design peer-to-peer energy trading to increase user participation. To do so, first, the state-of-the-art of peer-to-peer energy trading literature is discussed by following a systematic classification, and gaps in existing studies are identified. Second, a motivation psychology framework is introduced, which consists of a number of motivational models that a prosumer needs to satisfy before being convinced to participate in energy trading. Third, a game-theoretic peer-to-peer energy trading scheme is developed, its relevant properties are studied, and it is shown that the coalition among different prosumers is a stable coalition. Fourth, through numerical case studies, it is shown that the proposed model can reduce carbon emissions by 18.38% and 9.82% in a single day in Summer and Winter respectively compared to a feed-in-tariff scheme. The proposed scheme is also shown to reduce the cost of energy up to 118 ¢ and 87 ¢ per day in Summer and Winter respectively. Finally, how the outcomes of the scheme satisfy all the motivational psychology models is discussed, which subsequently shows its potential to attract users to participate in energy trading.
An Optimal Synchronizer for the Hypercube (1989)

The synchronizer is a simulation methodology introduced by Awerbuch [J. Assoc. Comput. Math., 32 (1985), pp. 804–823] for simulating a synchronous network by an asynchronous one, thus enabling the execution of a synchronous algorithm on an asynchronous network. In this paper a novel technique for constructing network synchronizers is presented. This technique is developed from some basic relationships between synchronizers and the structure of a t-spanning subgraph over the network. As a special result, a synchronizer for the hypercube with optimal time and communication complexities is obtained.
Redox Mediation and Photomechanical Oscillations Involving Photosensitive Cyclometalated Ru(II) Complexes, Glucose Oxidase, and Peroxidase (2005)

Intact photosensitive cyclometalated RuII derivatives of 2-phenylpyridine or N,N-dimethylbenzylamine cis-[Ru-(C approximately N)(LL)X2]PF6 [C approximately N = o-C6H4-py or o-C6H4CH2NMe2; LL = 1,10-phenanththroline (phen), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), or 4,4'-Me2-2,2'-bipyridine (Me2bpy); X = MeCN or pyridine (py)] are efficient mediators of glucose oxidase (GO) from Aspergillus niger and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Their redox potentials in an aqueous buffer are in the range 0.15-0.35 V versus SCE, and the rate constants for the oxidation GO(red) (where red indicates reduced) by the electrochemically generated RuIII species equal (1.7-2.5) x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) at pH 7 and 25 degrees C. The redox potentials of all complexes decrease cathodically by 0.4-0.6 V upon irradiation by visible light because of the photoinduced solvolysis of acetonitrile or py ligands. These in situ generated species display an even better mediating performance with HRP, although their behavior toward GO is different. The loading of a ruthenium unit into the protein interior brings about large catalytic currents in a self-assembled system GO-Ru-D-glucose. The estimated rate constant for intramolecular electron transfer from FADH2 of the active site at RuIII, k(intra), equals 4.4 x 10(3) s(-1). This suggests that the distance between the redox partners is around 19 A. The value of 21 A was obtained through the docking analysis of a possible closest-to-FAD localization of a Ru-containing fragment derived from the irradiated complex cis-[Ru(o-C6H4-py)-(phen)(MeCN)2]PF6. The operational stability of the GO-Ru assemblies depends on the nature of complex used, the highest being observed for cis-[Ru(o-C6H4-py)(Me2-bpy)(MeCN)2]PF6 (2). UV-vis studies of interaction of 2 with GO revealed photomechanical oscillations in the system GO-Ru-D-glucose. When irradiated complex 2 is mixed with GO and D-glucose, the absorbance at 510 nm increases because of the enzymatic reduction of RuIII to RuII. The absorbance drops rapidly and then increases as in the first cycle after shaking the reaction solution. Many cycles are possible, and the rate of absorbance increase does not depend on a cycle number. A plausible mechanism of the oscillations is presented.
A simple approach to a four‐way hybrid ring power divider design (1991)

Abstract A straightforward method is proposed for the design of a novel hybrid ring power divider that is compatible with stripline circuits. This configuration is analyzed using standard commercial CAD software TOUCHSTONE tm . Theoretical and experimental results show a return loss of better than −30 dB at the resonant frequency of the hybrid ring circuit and a transmission coefficient of −6.20 ± 0.15 dB in the band of interest (1.633‐1.666 GHz) with a maximum insertion loss of 0.35 dB (including connector effects).
Electroactive polymer patches for wearable haptic interfaces (2011)

Fully wearable and unobtrusive sensing will enable the possibility of monitoring people anywhere and anytime, for healthcare, well-being, protection and safety. Many research groups have exploited textiles as the ideal platform for pervasive monitoring. This paper reports advances in electroactive polymer technology oriented to mechanical sensing and actuation within textile interfaces. The preliminary development of a textile-based glove in which electroactive polymers act as force/position sensors and haptic feedback actuators is presented.
Human lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon) in primary therapy of two children with condylomata acuminata. (1986)

Human lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon) was administered parenterally to two prepubertal girls as primary therapy for genital condylomata acuminata. One child probably had contracted the disease as the result of sexual molestation. Both patients experienced minimal side effects during therapy and underwent complete remission within six weeks. These cases support use of interferon as primary therapy in young patients with extensive condylomata and in those who may have contracted the disease as the result of sexual abuse.
Do Anti-Angiogenic VEGF (VEGFxxxb) Isoforms Exist? A Cautionary Tale (2012)

Splicing of the human vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) gene has been reported to generate angiogenic (VEGFxxx) and anti-angiogenic (VEGFxxxb) isoforms. Corresponding VEGFxxxb isoforms have also been reported in rat and mouse. We examined VEGFxxxb expression in mouse fibrosarcoma cell lines expressing all or individual VEGF isoforms (VEGF120, 164 or 188), grown in vitro and in vivo, and compared results with those from normal mouse and human tissues. Importantly, genetic construction of VEGF164 and VEGF188 expressing fibrosarcomas, in which exon 7 is fused to the conventional exon 8, precludes VEGFxxxb splicing from occurring. Thus, these two fibrosarcoma cell lines provided endogenous negative controls. Using RT-PCR we show that primers designed to simultaneously amplify VEGFxxx and VEGFxxxb isoforms amplified only VEGFxxx variants in both species. Moreover, only VEGFxxx species were generated when mouse podocytes were treated with TGFβ-1, a reported activator of VEGFxxxb splice selection in human podocytes. A VEGF164/120 heteroduplex species was identified as a PCR artefact, specifically in mouse. VEGFxxxb isoform-specific PCR did amplify putative VEGFxxxb species in mouse and human tissues, but unexpectedly also in VEGF188 and VEGF164 fibrosarcoma cells and tumours, where splicing to produce true VEGFxxxb isoforms cannot occur. Moreover, these products were only consistently generated using reverse primers spanning more than 5 bases across the 8b/7 or 8b/5 splice junctions. Primer annealing to VEGFxxx transcripts and amplification of exon 8b primer 'tails' explained the artefactual generation of VEGFxxxb products, since the same products were generated when the PCR reactions were performed with cDNA from VEGF164/VEGF188 'knock-in' vectors used in the generation of single VEGF isoform-expressing transgenic mice from which the fibrosarcoma lines were developed. Collectively, our results highlight important pitfalls in data interpretation associated with detecting VEGFxxxb isoforms using current methods, and demonstrate that anti-angiogenic isoforms are not commonly expressed in mouse or human tissues.
Fes cycling (2008)

Many research with functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been done to regain mobility and for health benefits. Better results have been reported for FES-cycling than for FES-walking. The majority of the subjects during such research are people with a spinal cord injury (SCI), cause they often lost skin sensation. Besides using surface stimulation also implanted stimulators can be used. This solves the skin sensation problem, but needs a surgery. Many physiological effects of FES-cycling has been reported, e.g., increase of muscles, better blood flow, reduction of pressure ulcers, improved self-image and some reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) loss. Also people with an incomplete SCI benefit by FES-cycling, e.g. cycling time without FES, muscle strength and also the walking abilities increased. Hybrid exercise gives an even better cardiovascular training. Presently 4 companies are involved in FES-cycling. They all have a stationary mobility trainer. Two of them also use an outdoor tricycle. One combined with voluntary arm cranking. By optimizing the stimulation parameters the power output and fatigue resistance will increase, but will still be less compared to voluntary cycling.