gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of Cuttings Transport in Directional Well Drilling: Systematic Approach (2010)

Abstract Hole cleaning during directional well drilling is a major concern in the oil patch and must be monitored and properly controlled during the entire drilling operation. Inadequate drilled cuttings removal can cause many costly problems such as mechanical pipe sticking, excessive torque and drag, difficulties in casing/cementing and in logging. Low fluid annular velocity, lack of drill pipe rotation and the wrong mud properties are primary factors in the inadequacy of effective hole cleaning. This paper presents a thorough review on previous hole cleaning studies and discusses an approach that uses physical-systematic methodology that is more suited for monitoring and controlling hole cleaning problems. The approach is based on relating output and internal state vectors to input vectors. The concept basis is to classify the drilling parameters into inputs, internal states and outputs, check the observability (condition monitoring) and controllability of the hole cleaning as an internal state during drilling. Previous studies on drilled cutting transport can be grouped in four categories: Sensitivity analysis –internal states changes vs. input changesModeling – physical relations of inputs and internal stateMonitoring – using real time measured data to estimate the internal stateControl – change inputs until achieving the desired internal state
A novel method for the detection of TNF-alpha in gingival crevicular fluid. (1993)

This paper reviews results on the cytokine TNF and its role as a mediator in the pathway leading from bacteria to tissue destruction. Also reviewed is the immunoadsorption-magnetic separation technology used for the capture of TNF from the sulcus and the cluster assay used for quantification of the bead-bound TNF. A comparison of the results obtained with this technique revealed recovery of TNF in a higher percent of sites than when using the paper strips. Furthermore, the cluster assay was found to be as sensitive as the ELISA. Finally, TNF values in crevicular fluid were compared to TNF in other body fluids. The recovery of TNF at aseptic sites suggests that TNF production might be initiated by factors other than bacteria, and therefore that, through their ability to initiate TNF production, other processes might be responsible for the tissue destruction of periodontitis.
Resonant nano-cluster devices (2005)

The resonance-enhanced absorption (REA) by metal clusters on a surface is an effective technique on which to base bio-optical devices. A four-layer device consisting of a metal mirror, a polymer or glass-type distance layer, a biomolecule interaction layer and a sub-monolayer of biorecognitively bound metal nano-clusters is reported. Experiments indicate a strong influence of the resonator homogeneity on the absorption maximum. Layer stability plays an important role in the overall performance of the device. Techniques and optimised lab protocols to set up biochips that use the REA process in the detection are presented. The sensors show one to three narrow reflection minima in the visible and or infra-red (IR) part of the spectrum and therefore they do not suffer from the spectral limitations associated with spherical gold colloids. Metal clusters (synthesised by thermal step reduction) as well as metal- dielectric shell clusters (synthesised by various shell deposition processes) are used to precisely shift the readout of the device to any frequency in the visible and near IR range. Disposable single-step protein chips, DNA assays as well as complex biochip arrays are established that use various DNARNA, antigen-antibody and protein-protein interaction systems.
Effects of Li Doping on MgO-Supported Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TbO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Catalysts in the Oxidative Coupling of Methane (2014)

Rare earth oxides (REOs), particularly the sesquioxides, such as Sm2O3 and La2O3, have been investigated as promising catalysts in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). Much less attention has been paid to the reducible REOs because they are expected to give oxidation products, such as CO and CO2 (COx), rather than the desirable ethane and ethylene (C2+). Because Li addition can improve the performance of Sm2O3 in the OCM reaction and Li/MgO is commonly used as a reference OCM catalyst, the effects of lithium addition to a reducible oxide, TbOx, were investigated in detail in this study and compared with a Sm2O3 catalyst, which is the best single component OCM catalyst. Because of the well-documented volatility of lithium under OCM conditions, particularly for the Li/MgO system, the stability of lithium-doped samaria and terbia catalysts was examined as a function of preparation methods in this study. As expected, terbia supported on nanoparticle magnesia (n-MgO) is not a very active or selective OCM catalyst, and most of the observed selectivity toward C2+ products is likely due to the n-MgO support. In contrast, Li-doped TbOx/n-MgO prepared using a coimpregnation method yields a highly active and selective catalyst. The Li-TbOx/n-MgO catalyst yields the same methane conversion as pure Sm2O3, and has a higher C2+ selectivity than the Li-Sm2O3/n-MgO catalyst. The stability of the Li-TbOx/n-MgO catalyst is also higher than that of the Li-Sm2O3/n-MgO catalyst, and the loss of activity for the lithium-doped terbia catalyst appears to be the same as for the undoped Sm2O3/n-MgO catalyst (and undoped TbOx/n-MgO). The characterization data indicate stronger interactions between Li and TbOx than between Li and Sm2O3, which may explain the higher stability of the Li-TbOx/n-MgO catalysts. There are also indications that Li enters the TbOx lattice and reduces TbO1.81, to Tb2O3 during reaction, which can explain the higher C2+ selectivity compared with undoped TbOx/n-MgO. Furthermore, the Li-TbOx/n-MgO catalyst in this study is active at lower temperatures (600–700 °C) than typically used in the OCM (around 800 °C). Therefore, the Li-TbOx/n-MgO catalysts have potential to be very effective OCM catalysts, even though undoped TbOx/n-MgO catalysts are more selective toward COx than C2+ products.
Bezlotoxumab: A Novel Agent for the Prevention of Recurrent <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection (2017)

During the past decade, the incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) have significantly increased, leading to a rise in CDI-associated hospitalizations, health care costs, and mortality. Although treatment options exist for CDI, recurrence is frequent following treatment. Furthermore, patients with at least one CDI recurrence are at an increased risk of developing additional recurrences. A novel approach to the prevention of recurrent CDI is the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against the toxins responsible for CDI as an adjunct to antibiotic treatment. Bezlotoxumab, a human monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes C. difficile toxin B, is the first therapeutic agent to receive United States Food and Drug Administration approval for the prevention of CDI recurrence. Clinical studies have demonstrated superior efficacy of bezlotoxumab in adults receiving antibiotic therapy for CDI compared with antibiotic therapy alone for the prevention of CDI recurrence. Bezlotoxumab was well tolerated in clinical trials, with the most common adverse effects being nausea, vomiting, fatigue, pyrexia, headache, and diarrhea. The demonstrated efficacy, safety, and characteristics of bezlotoxumab present an advance in prevention of CDI recurrence.
Mapping of IgG subclass and T-cell epitopes on HIV proteins by synthetic peptides. (1989)

Fifteen amino acid peptides, sequentially overlapping by 10 amino acids, were synthesized on the basis of the HTLV-III sequences of the gag and env proteins. They were used as antigens in IgG subclass ELISAs and T-cell stimulation assays. Sera and cells were obtained from 30 asymptomatic, HIV-infected homosexuals. In all subclasses reactivity was found to parts of the gag protein, while IgG1 dominated anti-env peptide responses. It was possible to delineate peptides showing restricted IgG subclass responses that were dominated by either IgG1, 2, 3 or 4. A negative correlation was generally observed between B-cell and T-cell reactivity, but a T-cell and B-cell co-operation was suggested by the response to two IgG1-restricted peptides. The IgG3-dominated epitopes were present in peptides previously known to be amphipathic and capable of T-cell stimulation. The analysis of subclass-restricted responses on the peptide level will assist the understanding of the subclass expression in vivo, since the peptide mapping approximates the delineation of a subclass-restricted response at the level of single epitopes.
Multi-Tenant Isolation via Reconfigurable Networks (2014)

High performance computing environments are often used for a wide variety of workloads ranging from simulation, data transformation and analysis, and complex workflows to name just a few. These systems may process data at various security levels but in so doing are often enclaved at the highest security posture. This approach places significant restrictions on the users of the system even when processing data at a lower security level and exposes data at higher levels of confidentiality to a much broader population than otherwise necessary. The traditional approach of isolation, while effective in establishing security enclaves poses significant challenges for the use of shared infrastructure in HPC environments. This report details current state-of-the-art in reconfigurable network enclaving through Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and their applicability to secure enclaves in HPC environments. SDN and NFV methods are based on a solid foundation of system wide virtualization. The purpose of which is very straight forward, the system administrator can deploy networks that are more amenable to customer needs, and at the same time achieve increased scalability making it easier to increase overall capacity as needed without negatively affecting functionality. The network administration of both the server system and the virtual sub-systems is simplified allowing control of the infrastructure through well-defined APIs (Application Programming Interface). While SDN and NFV technologies offer significant promise in meeting these goals, they also provide the ability to address a significant component of the multi-tenant challenge in HPC environments, namely resource isolation. Traditional HPC systems are built upon scalable high-performance networking technologies designed to meet specific application requirements. Dynamic isolation of resources within these environments has remained difficult to achieve. SDN and NFV methodology provide us with relevant concepts and available open standards based APIs that isolate compute and storage resources within an otherwise common networking infrastructure. Additionally, the integration of the networking APIs within larger system frameworks such as OpenStack provide the tools necessary to establish isolated enclaves dynamically allowing the benefits of HPC while providing a controlled security structure surrounding these systems.
PERCEPÇÃO DE ADOLESCENTES E ADULTOS REFERENTE À INFLUÊNCIA DA MÍDIA SOBRE O ESTILO DE VIDA (2012)

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a percepção populacional referente à influência da mídia sobreo estilo de vida, analisando quatro fatores comportamentais: atividade física, tabagismo,consumo de álcool e alimentação. Conduziu-se um estudo transversal de base populacional nazona urbana de Pelotas, RS. A amostra foi composta de 2096 indivíduos com 10 anos ou maisde idade. O processo de amostragem foi aleatório por conglomerados. Devido à inexistênciade instrumentos validados para avaliar influência da mídia sobre o estilo de vida, optou-se porutilizar um questionário criado pelos autores. O estudo encontrou alto percentual de respostaspositivas (valor médio de 80%), quando os indivíduos foram questionados se acreditavam quea mídia influenciava no estilo de vida individual. O percentual de relato positivo para lembrançade alguma abordagem midiática com relação à atividade física, tabagismo, consumo deálcool e alimentação também foi elevado (valor médio de 74%). Contudo, uma minoria dosentrevistados relatou ter modifi cado seu comportamento (valor médio de 24%) em consequênciade alguma abordagem midiática. Embora a exposição à mídia tenha sido elevada,uma pequena parcela dos entrevistados referiu ter mudado seu comportamento com base nainfluência da mídia.
Cellulose-degrading bacteria associated with the invasive woodwasp <i>Sirex noctilio</i> (2011)

Sirex noctilio is an invasive wood-feeding wasp that threatens the world's commercial and natural pine forests. Successful tree colonization by this insect is contingent on the decline of host defenses and the ability to utilize the woody substrate as a source of energy. We explored its potential association with bacterial symbionts that may assist in nutrient acquisition via plant biomass deconstruction using growth assays, culture-dependent and -independent analysis of bacterial frequency of association and whole-genome analysis. We identified Streptomyces and γ-Proteobacteria that were each associated with 94% and 88% of wasps, respectively. Streptomyces isolates grew on all three cellulose substrates tested and across a range of pH 5.6 to 9. On the basis of whole-genome sequencing, three Streptomyces isolates have some of the highest proportions of genes predicted to encode for carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) of sequenced Actinobacteria. γ-Proteobacteria isolates grew on a cellulose derivative and a structurally diverse substrate, ammonia fiber explosion-treated corn stover, but not on microcrystalline cellulose. Analysis of the genome of a Pantoea isolate detected genes putatively encoding for CAZymes, the majority predicted to be active on hemicellulose and more simple sugars. We propose that a consortium of microorganisms, including the described bacteria and the fungal symbiont Amylostereum areolatum, has complementary functions for degrading woody substrates and that such degradation may assist in nutrient acquisition by S. noctilio, thus contributing to its ability to be established in forested habitats worldwide.
Resource management for QoS support in cellular/WLAN interworking (2005)

To provide mobile users with seamless Internet access anywhere and anytime/ there is a strong demand for interworking mechanisms between cellular networks and wireless local area networks in the next-generation all-IP wireless networks. In this article we focus on resource management and call admission control for QoS support in cellular/WLAN interworking. In specific, a DiffServ interworking architecture with loose coupling is presented. Resource allocation in the interworking environment is investigated/ taking into account the network characteristics, vertical handoff, user mobility, and service types. An effective call admission control strategy with service differentiation is proposed for QoS provisioning and efficient resource utilization. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed call admission control scheme.
System for demonstrating arbitrary multi-spot beam steering from spatial light modulators (2004)

A graphical user interface is used to program sequences of analog phase patterns onto a 512 x 512 pixel, electrically-addressed spatial light modulator (SLM). Hand sketches made with a digital pen are used to prescribe the footprints, velocities and trajectories of multiple, independently-controlled diffracted spots. The interface is intended to demonstrate to potential end-users, who are not knowledgeable about diffractive optical design, to what degree SLM's may be considered to produce arbitrary multi-spot beam steering. Using the interface, scanning sequences are created, programmed, run through, and diffracted from a SLM that simultaneously scans multiple patterns on distinct trajectories.
Mice deficient in PKC theta demonstrate impaired<i>in vivo</i>T cell activation and protection from T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases (2006)

In the present study we have characterized T cell-driven immune function in mice that are genetically deficient in PKC theta. In response to simple immunologic stimulation invoked by in vivo T cell receptor (TCR) cross-linking, these mice showed significantly depressed plasma cytokine levels for IL-2, IL-4, IFNgamma, and TNFalpha compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In parallel, spleen mRNA levels for these cytokines were reduced, and NF-kappaB activation was also reduced in PKC theta knockouts (KO). Injection of allogeneic cells into the footpad of PKC theta deficient mice provoked a significantly diminished local T cell response compared to WT mice similarly challenged. Unlike comparable cells from wild type mice, CD45RBhi T cells harvested from PKC theta deficient mice failed to induce colitis in the SCID-CD45RB cell transfer model of IBD. In another T cell-dependent model of inflammatory disease, PKC theta deficient animals developed far less severe neurologic signs and reduced spinal cord inflammatory cell infiltrate compared to WT controls in the MOG-induced EAE model. A fundamental role for PKC theta in T cell activation and in the development of T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases is indicated by these results.
Updated treatment for influenza A and B. (2000)

Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality and is responsible for considerable medical expenditures. Vaccination is the most effective public health measure to combat this illness. Amantadine and rimantadine are older antiviral agents that have been important adjuncts in the prevention and treatment of influenza A outbreaks. Zanamivir and oseltamivir are newer agents indicated for the treatment of both influenza A and B. For antiviral agents to be effective, they must be used within 48 hours of the onset of influenza symptoms. Antiviral agents reduce the duration of fever and illness by one to two and one-half days and also reduce the severity of some symptoms. Use of amantadine or rimantadine is appropriate if influenza virus A is known to be the predominant agent in a particular year or location. Data need to be evaluated on the development of resistance and use of the newer antiviral agents in geriatric patients, high-risk patients and children. For optimal use of antiviral agents, patients with influenza symptoms must present early, and family physicians must accurately and rapidly diagnose the illness.
CMP Model Based RC Extraction (2007)

As technology scaling progresses into 65nm node and below, On Chip Variation (OCV) specifically thickness variation due to Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) processes becomes relatively larger, as such it needs to be taken into consideration into post layout RC extraction and timing flow. Traditionally manufacturing effects due to lithography and CMP processes are captured using rule based look up tables which are generally included in the technology files of the RC extraction tools. However, due to complex nature of the CMP process and its design dependency, the generic rules can not capture thickness variation for various design topology accurately. Therefore CMP models are used to simulate design specific thickness variation profile, based on the calibrated manufacturing process. In this paper, we demonstrate that by incorporating CMP model in the post layout RC extraction flow, the thickness variations are reflected more accurately. Therefore, the capacitance values extracted are different from those obtained using rule based approach. As a result, new timing violations are detected using model based approach.
Label free optical sensor for Avidin based on single gold nanoparticles functionalized with aptamers (2009)

Optical spectroscopy of a single gold nanoparticle, functionalized with an aptamer, is used to sense the specific binding of avidin. Herewith, the field of single noble metal nanoparticle biosensors is extended to the important field of aptamer based assays. The sensitivity of this initial, but not yet optimized apta-nano-sensor is in the range of 20 nM. Due to its nanoscopic size, this single nanoparticle based apta-sensor may be used in nanoscopic volumes such as in array type assays or even inside cells.
Effect of molecular structure of a dichroic dye and the ordering of a liquid crystal on the dichroism of the dye-liquid crystal binary mixtures (1989)

Abstract The orientational ordering of dyes doped into liquid crystals has been investigated. The experimental results show that the ordering of the dyes can be expressed as a function of the order parameter of the liquid crystal host and the molecular structure of the dye. In addition a theory of the ordering of molecules in a binary mixture system has been derived by extending Kimura's theory. The validity of the theory has been confirmed by comparison with the experimental results using various combination of azo dyes and liquid crystals.
Modeling of heterogeneous electrophysiology in the human heart with respect to ECG genesis (2007)

Heterogeneity of ion channel properties within human ventricular tissue determines the sequence of repolarization under healthy conditions. In this computational study, the impact of different extend of electrophysiological heterogeneity in both human ventricles on the ECG was investigated by a forward calculation of the cardiac electrical signals on the body surface. The gradients ranged from solely transmural, interventricular and apico-basal up to full combination of these variations. As long interventricular heterogeneities were neglected, the transmural gradient generated a positive T wave that was increased when apico-basal variations were considered. Inclusion of interventricular changes necessitated the incorporation of both transmural and apico-basal heterogeneities to reproduce the positive T wave.
Notes- Some 2-and 4-Substituted Estrone 3-Methyl Ethers (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Some 2-and 4-Substituted Estrone 3-Methyl EthersArthur Tomson and Jerome HorwitzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 12, 2056–2059Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online18 July 2003Published inissue 1 December 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01094a629RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (561 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Audio Networking: The Forgotten Wireless Technology (2005)

In this article, we'll review various modulation schemes we've worked with previously, covering how to transfer data to nearby smart phones as well as usability and security issues. We'll consider audio networking as a mechanism for introducing data packets into ongoing mobile phone calls. We'll also discuss some real-world problems reported with telephone conferencing and apply audio-networking techniques to them in a case study application.