gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GEOPLEX: GSSA and VSS Models (2006)

This report describes some aspects of the theory of Variable Structure Systems (VSS). It starts with the state-of-the-art classical methods of control and evolves to a description based on average port Hamiltonian models. 
In the framework of GEOPLEX, VSS appears due to the fact that some of the plants of interest are controlled using power converters, which are systems, changing between several circuits topologies.
In section 2, the basic ideas of Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for VSS are presented, and a somewhat detailed exposition of its application to the control of a power converter is given.
Most of section 3 is unpublished material, describing some preliminary results about the relation between (generalized) averaging and the port Hamiltonian description. The fundamentals of State Space Averaging (SSA) and Generalized Space State Averaging (GSSA) are presented, and averaged port Hamiltonian models for second order power converters are introduced. There is a summary of some rigorous mathematical results about GSSA, and a relationship between the Hamiltonians of the GSSA models and the original Hamiltonian is established for systems with quadratic Hamiltonian functions.
Solvatochromism: a new method for polymer characterization (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvatochromism: a new method for polymer characterizationM. Steven Paley, R. Andrew McGill, Scott C. Howard, Stephen E. Wallace, and J. Milton HarrisCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 21, 4557–4564Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00223a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views566Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1001 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Studies in Organic Peroxides. XXIV. Preparation, Separation and Identification of Peroxides Derived from Diethyl Ketone and Hydrogen Peroxide (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in Organic Peroxides. XXIV. Preparation, Separation and Identification of Peroxides Derived from Diethyl Ketone and Hydrogen PeroxideNicholas A. Milas and Aleksandar GolubovićCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 13, 3361–3364Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01522a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01522a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (2006)

Abstract Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the nuclear reaction that occurs when boron‐10, is irradiated with low energy‐thermal neutrons to yield high linear energy transfer alpha particles and recoiling lithium‐7 nuclei. Clinical interest in BNCT has focused primarily on the treatment of high grade gliomas, and either cutaneous primaries or cerebral metastases of melanoma, and more recently head and neck and liver cancer. Neutron sources for BNCT currently are limited to nuclear reactors and these are available in the United States, Japan, several European countries, and Argentina. Accelerators also can be used to produce epithermal neutrons and these are being developed in a number of countries, but none are currently being used for BNCT. Two boron drugs have been used clinically, sodium borocaptate or “BSH” (Na 2 B 12 H 11 SH), and a dihydroxyboryl derivative of phenylalanine, referred to as boronophenylalanine or “BPA”. The major challenge in the development of boron delivery agents has been the requirement for selective tumor‐targeting in order to achieve boron concentrations (∼ 20 μg·g −1 tumor) sufficient to deliver therapeutic doses of radiation to the tumor with minimal normal tissue toxicity. Over the past 20 years, other classes of boron‐containing compounds have been designed and synthesized that include boron‐containing amino acids, biochemical precursors of nucleic acids, DNA binding molecules, and porphyrins derivatives. High molecular weight delivery agents include MoAbs and their fragments, which can recognize a tumor‐associated epitope, (e.g., EGF) and liposomes. However, it is unlikely that any single agent will target all or even most of the tumor cells, and most likely combinations of agents will be required and their delivery will have to be optimized. Current or recently completed clinical trials have been carried out in Japan, Europe, and the United States. The vast majority of patients have had high grade gliomas. Treatment has consisted first of “debulking” surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible followed by BNCT at varying times after surgery. Both BSH and BPA have been used as the boron delivery agents, administered intravenously. The best survival data from these studies are at least comparable to those obtained by current standard therapy for glioblastomas (GBM), and the safety of the procedure has been established. Critical issues that must be addressed include the need for more selective and effective boron delivery agents, the development of methods to provide semiquantitative estimates of tumor boron content prior to treatment, improvements in clinical implementation of BNCT, and finally, a need for randomized clinical trials with an unequivocal demonstration of therapeutic efficacy. If these issues are adequately addressed, then BNCT could move forward as a treatment modality.
Advanced Upscaling for Kashagan Reservoir Modeling (2012)

Summary The Kashagan field is a huge carbonate formation located 4.5 km below the bottom of the North Caspian sea. The reservoir is saturated by overpressured light oil, and the development is based on first-contact-miscible gas injection. The reservoir is highly stratified, with a fine sequence of depositional cycles and long-range lateral correlations. Three porosity systems (matrix, karst, and fractures) can be organized in two main environments: a massive, low-permeability, matrix-like inner platform and a highly fractured/karstified rim. The reservoir geology is modeled by means of detailed geological grids consisting of tens of millions of cells, with vertical spacing of 1 m or even less to account for high-order depositional cycles. Geological grid cannot be used to run compositional simulations, and much-coarser grids, in which hundreds of geological layers are lumped in few tens of dynamic layers, are used by reservoir engineers. To minimize coarse-scale errors, an average lateral spacing of 250×250 m is used for both simulation and geological grid; nonetheless, upscaling remains a challenge. Traditional permeability (k*) upscaling methods, including flow-based methods, overestimate Kashagan field/wells production and injection potentials. We implemented a method in which the outcome of the upscaling is effective transmissibility (T*) instead of k*. T* upscaling has been proposed in the past as an alternative to k* upscaling, but it is neither part of commercial workflows nor widely accepted in the reservoir-modeling community. In our T* upscaling, the solution of local flow problems around coarse-cell interfaces is used to compute coarse transmissibility. T* and k* upscaling were compared by simulating both single-phase and gas-injection problems, including platform and rim, using the results of fine-scale simulation as a reference. We considered (1) single-porosity simulations with geological grid populated by only matrix (first medium) and karst+fracture (second medium) properties and (2) dual-porosity/ dual-permeability simulations encompassing both media. Contrary to k* upscaling, T*-based coarse simulations perfectly replicate fine-scale field and well injection/production potentials. Using T* upscaling as a cornerstone for company activities on Kashagan, we can run coarse-scale full-field simulations in a few hours without loss of consistency with the results provided by weeks-long, often unpractical, fine-scale simulations. On the contrary, the inaccuracy of k* upscaling would have required much finer and more computationally-expensive simulation grids together with the implementation of ad hoc multiphase upscaling.
Diverse Induktionsbeispiele (1988)

Mit was für einer Aufgabenart man es auch zu tun haben mag, man braucht dabei irgendeine Art von induktivem Schließen. Es gibt in verschiedenen Zweigen der Mathematik Aufgaben, die ein induktives Schlußverfahren von ganz typischem Charakter erfordern. Das gegenwärtige Kapitel erläutert solche Verfahren an ein paar Beispielen. Wir beginnen mit einem verhältnismäßig einfachen.
Pitting and Deposits with an Organic Fluid by Electrolysis and by Fluid Flow (1972)

Electrolysis experiments were performed with iron electrodes in phosphate ester fluids. Pitting corrosion occurred and films were deposited on the electrodes. The effect of various additives was investigated and a model involving a threshold current density for pitting was formulated. The relationship of the results to corrosion by electrokinetic currents is studied. The occurrence of electrokinetically produced corrosion is discussed.
High-resolution, high-frequency wavelength shift detection of optical signals with low-cost, compact readouts (2015)

Fiber-optics (FO) have great potential for distributed sensing in various harsh environment applications. Their advantages include high resolution and multiplexing capabilities, inherent immunity to electromagnetic interference, and low weight/volume. However, their widespread adoption in commercial applications has been considerably limited by the high cost, size, weight, and lack of capabilities of the readout unit used to interpret the FO signals. PARC has developed a breakthrough wavelength shift detection (WSD) technology that is capable of reading out signals from wavelength-encoded FO and other optical sensors with high sensitivity using a compact, high-speed and low-cost unit. In this paper, its calibration and noise performance is demonstrated for high-resolution (up to 1,45 fm/√Hz) acoustic emission (AE) detection of fast (up to 1 MHz) dynamic strain signals.
Soft multiuser decoding for vector quantization over a CDMA channel (1998)

An approach to optimal soft decoding for vector quantization (VQ) over a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) channel is presented. The decoder of the system is soft in the sense that the unquantized outputs of the matched filters are utilized directly for decoding (no decisions are taken), and optimal according to the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) criterion. The derived decoder utilizes a priori source information and knowledge of the channel characteristics to combat channel noise and multiuser interference in an optimal fashion. Hadamard transform representations for the user VQs are employed in the derivation and for the implementation of the decoder. The advantages of this approach are emphasized. Suboptimal versions of the optimal decoder are also considered. Simulations show the soft decoders to outperform decoding based on maximum-likelihood (ML) multiuser detection. Furthermore, the suboptimal versions are demonstrated to perform close to the optimal, at a significantly lower complexity in the number of users. The introduced decoders are, moreover, shown to exhibit near-far resistance. Simulations also demonstrate that combined source-channel encoding, with joint source-channel and multiuser decoding, can significantly outperform a tandem source-channel coding scheme employing multiuser detection plus table lookup source decoding.
High TWIST1 mRNA expression is associated with poor prognosis in lymph node-negative and estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer and is co-expressed with stromal as well as ECM related genes (2012)

TWIST1 mRNA expression is an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis in LNN/ER-positive breast cancer. The biological associations suggest an involvement of the tumor microenvironment in TWIST1's adverse role in breast cancer.
Capillary-Tube Technology in Downhole Pressure Acquisition and its Application in Campos Basin, Brazil (2008)

Abstract A capillary-tube realtime data acquisition system has been installed in the BG-16 Petrobras Well, located at Bagre Field, Campos Basin, Brazil to acquire downhole pressure data in real time. Petrobras considers cost-effectiveness, safety, and reliability as important requirements for any downhole pressure monitoring system. Therefore, any new technologies that offer the possibility of improving these criteria are considered for trial by Petrobrás. This paper discusses the results of the first use of the capillary-tubing downhole monitoring system in Brazil to collect reservoir information for pressure transient analysis during flowing and surface shut-in periods. The results are then compared with reservoir information collected by other methods; i.e., downhole pressure gauges and memory gauges, to allow evaluation of the performance of this system against other data-acquisition techniques. The results attained from use of this system illustrate the benefits of this application for long-term continuous reservoir monitoring. The system not only provided the engineers with the capability to determine the reservoir geometry and to make future field development decisions based in the analysis of the information collected during the reservoir evaluation, but also, it allowed the analysis of two transients at different moments during the production life of the evaluated well to be made. These enhancements resulted in improved economics, more extensive reservoir knowledge, operational efficiency, and greater safety both for the involved personnel and the environment to be realized.
Microstrip Notched-Sectorial Power Divider Analysis (2005)

A computer model (based on the contomintegral technique) is used to predict the scattering panuneten of the microsvip notched-sectorial power divider. The insextion of the notch featwe in the simple sectorial structure introduces an addjltional design parameter that may be used to selectively control some of the component's scattering parameters.
Encrypted Content-Encoding for HTTP (2017)

This memo introduces a content coding for HTTP that allows message
payloads to be encrypted.
Design and Analysis of Index Structures in MultiVersion Data Warehouses (2009)

A MultiVersion Data Warehouse (MVDW) is a Data Warehouse (DW) using versioning to cope with the slowly evolving nature of analysis dimensions as well as to support what-if analyses. In such a DW, several DW versions coexist. Each DW version is composed of data extracted from data sources during a certain time period, or of computed hypothetical data, generated to analyze the outcomes of an hypothetical strategic decision. In a MVDW, data may evolve along different version branches and queries may involve multiple DW versions. The efficiency of query processing is crucial in a DW environment and requires that DW designers be aware of tradeoffs among index structures. This paper defines a framework for understanding, designing, analyzing and comparing index structures for MVDW. First, the paper extends index structures designed for data with linear evolution to handle data with branched evolution. Next, the paper defines an analytical method for understanding the behavior of the different index structures. The analysis allows determining the most suitable index structure, for given data and application characteristics.
Structural and immunochemical homogeneity of Aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide (1984)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the lipopolysaccharides of typical and atypical strains of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. 32P intrinsically radiolabeled lipopolysaccharide in sarcosinate-extracted outer membrane preparations, lipopolysaccharide stained by silver in proteinase K-digested outer membrane preparations and whole cell lysates, as well as purified lipopolysaccharide, displayed O-polysaccharide chains which were unusually homogeneous with respect to chain length. Chemical analysis further revealed that the sugar composition of the smooth lipopolysaccharide purified from three typical strains was very similar. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescent staining with both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody showed that the O-polysaccharide chains were strongly immunogenic and were antigenically cross-reactive on typical and atypical strains from diverse origins. Immunofluorescence analysis and phage binding studies demonstrated that a number of these O-polysaccharide chains traversed the surface protein array of virulent strains of A. salmonicida and were exposed on the cell surface.
Accuracy estimates and adaptive refinements in finite element computations (1986)

This book contains papers discussing the recent developments in adaptive methods and their applications, an area of finite elements methods applicable to the needs of civil engineering. Topics covered range from an exposition of basic theory and techniques to detailed discussions of specific applications. Adaptive approaches, and the computer assessment of the reliability of the results obtained are also examined.
The Innate Antiretroviral Factor APOBEC3G Does Not Affect Human LINE-1 Retrotransposition in a Cell Culture Assay (2004)

APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G) is an innate intracellular antiretroviral factor that can inhibit viral retroelements such as retroviruses and hepadnaviruses. However, it is unknown whether it can act on non-viral substrates. Retrotransposons are transposable elements that cumulatively account for about one third of the human genome. They are commonly classified in long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, which are strongly homologous to retroviruses, and non-LTR retrotransposons also known as L1 elements or LINE-1 (long interspersed nucleotide element-1) elements. Most of the L1 elements are defective and only a small number are very active in vivo, but they are responsible for nearby all of the retrotransposition in the human population. The cloning of active human L1 elements has allowed the development of tissue culture-based assays for measuring their retrotransposition potential. We used such an assay to demonstrate that APOBEC3G, which impairs the replication of exogenous retroelements, does not affect the replication of endogenous L1 retrotransposons.
Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides for III-V integrated optics (1987)

We report the design and implementation of antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) in the InGaAs/InP system. Large modes are achieved with losses of 4dB/cm and vertical diffraction FWHM OF 23° at 1.51μm. Since light is confined in the lowest-index layer rather than the highest-index layer as in conventional waveguides, these guides offer important new design freedom for integrated-optics applications.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Immunoglobulin a Nephropathy Patients with Heavy Proteinuria:Therapeutic Roles of Steroids and Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors (2002)

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis (GN) worldwide. Although most IgAN patients have a benign course, the natural history of those with heavy proteinuria is quite variable. Several studies show that corticosteroids (steroids) therapy can decrease proteinuria and stabilize the renal function. Also, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) have the benefit of decreasing proteinuria for IgAN patients with and without hypertension. Because heavy proteinuria is an important poor prognostic factor of IgAN, it is worthy to compare the therapeutic responses of corticosteroids, ACEIs/ARBs, and combined therapy of both agents in these patients with heavy proteinuria (i.e. daily protein loss≧3 g). Therefore, a retrospective study of 102 biopsy-proved IgAN patients was conducted in our hospital. We analyzed the clinical features, laboratory data, and managements by reviewing medical records, and 42 patients were excluded, including loss of follow-up in 26 cases, Henoch-Schonlein purpura in 7, and children in 9. In total, 60 patients with normal renal function were enrolled in this study. Thirty-three of them presented with mild-moderate proteinuria and 27 cases with heavy proteinuria. The heavy proteinuria group shared the similar clinical features with the mild-moderate proteinuria group, but these patients had a more advanced histological changes (i.e. grades III and IV) and higher mean diastolic blood pressure. Among these 27 patients, 8 were treated with steroids, 8 with ACEIs/ARBs, and 6 with combined therapy (i.e. steroids plus ACEIs/ARBs). And the other five patients were excluded due to poor compliance, including one in steroids group, one in ACEIs/ARBs group, and three in combined therapy group. After a follow-up of 40.3±31.9 months, we found that daily protein loss decreased 38% in steroids alone group (P＜0.05), 35% in ACEIs/ARBs therapy group (P＞0.05), and 65% in combined therapy group (P＜0.01). Although there were no significant differences of proteinuria reduction among the three subgroups of IgAN patients with heavy proteinuria, there was no non-responder in combined therapy group. Prospective clinical trials are mandatory to prove the efficacy of steroids plus ACEI or ARB therapy in IgA patients with heavy proteinuria.