gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Intradiscal Restorative Injections andIntradiscal Electrothermal Treatment (IDET)in the Treatment of Low Back Pain (2004)

This was a pilot study to test the potential effectiveness of intradiscal restorative injection therapy and compare with intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET). Thirty-five patients for intradiscal injection and seventy-four for IDET took part in the study. All patients had intractable chronic discogenic low back pain, confirmed by discogram study. Injection solution consisted of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate combined with hypertonic dextrose and dimethylsulfoxide. Outcome was rated as 0-10 on visual analog scale (VAS), satisfaction rate, and flare up before and after the procedures. Post-procedure, patients were followed from 6 months to 18 months. Pain relief was statistically significant for both procedures, but slightly better for injections (2.2 VAS) than for IDET (1.27 VAS). 47.8% of IDET patients reported that they felt better, whereas 65.6% of injection patients reported this outcome. Among IDET patients, 35.8% reported they were worse, while no restorative injection patient reported worsening of pain. Post-procedure flare-up occurred more frequently after restorative injection (81%) than after IDET (68.9%) and was more severe (7.9 versus 6.1 VAS, respectively). However, the duration of pain flare-up was notably shorter for restorative injections (8.6 days) than for IDET (33.1 days). Biochemical intradiscal restorative injections may be useful to reduce pain and disability in patients with chronic discogenic low back pain, and have clinically similar efficacy to IDET, but with improved cost-benefit ratio. The results of this study indicate that controlled random prospective comparative studies need to be performed to establish the efficacy of this treatment.
Miniaturized printed wire antenna in package for 2.4GHz wireless communications (2009)

Miniaturized printed wire antennas in system in package were investigated for 2.4 GHz wireless communication systems. An inverted F antenna was proposed, and had a small area with 15 mm by 15 mm. The position of feed tap connected to the antenna arm greatly influenced the impedance of antenna, namely, it could adjust the position of feed tap to match the impedance to 50 ohm. The influences of chips and epoxy molding compounds on the impedance were also studied. Eventually, the inverted F antenna in package had a bandwidth and gain with almost 200 MHz and 2.8 dB, respectively, and could meet the demands of 2.4 GHz wireless communication.
Expression patterns of the novel catenin p120cas in gastrointestinal cancers. (2000)

p120cas is involved in signal transduction upon src or growth factor stimulation as well as in E-cadherin mediated cell adhesion and may play an important role in carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated immunohistochemically the expression and cellular localization of p120cas in 40 gastric, 43 colorectal and 20 pancreatic carcinomas, and examined the relationship between p120cas expression and pathological features. Altered p120cas expression was observed in 70%, 65% and 60% of gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers, respectively. The most common abnormality was of cytoplasmic expression associated with loss of membranous distribution found in 37% of gastric, in 25% of colorectal and in 25% of pancreatic cancers. Heterogeneous staining was noted in 15%, 19% and 20%, and complete loss of expression in 18%, 21% and 15% of gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers, respectively. There was no correlation between p120cas staining pattern and tumour grade or stage. Aberrant expression of p120cas which may reflect changes in signal transduction pathways occurs frequently in human malignancies.
High speed diffusion imaging in the presence of eddy currents (1996)

This paper describes two schemes for fast diffusion imaging on a 1.5T MRI unit with unshielded gradients and 10-mT/m gradient system. The prepared longitudinal magnetization is sampled by a turbo fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence. The first scheme involves modifications to a diffusion-weighted driven-equilibrium preparation sequence that yields quantitative diffusion imaging. The second scheme consists of four 90 degree pulses that form the preparatory period with diffusion gradients applied between the first and last two 90 degrees pulses. Sufficient time is allowed between the diffusion gradients and the beginning of the echo readout to allow eddy currents to decay to an acceptable level. Phantom studies show agreement between diffusion coefficients in the literature with those determined using the above schemes. The potential application of these sequences in monitoring temperature is demonstrated in phantoms. Artifact-free quantitative diffusion-weighted images of the brain using the second scheme are presented.
Breathing Frequency Changes at the Onset of Stepping in Human Infants (2008)

Breathing frequency increases at the onset of movement in a wide rage of mammals including adult humans. Moreover, the magnitude of increase in the rate of breathing appears related to the rate of the rhythmic movement. We determined whether human infants show the same type of response when supported to step on a treadmill. Twenty infants (ages 9.7 +/- 1.2 mo) participated in trials consisting of sitting, stepping on the treadmill, followed by sitting again. Breathing frequency was recorded with a thermocouple, positioned under one naris and taped to a soother that the infant held in his/her mouth. A video camera, electrogoniometers, and force platforms under the treadmill belts recorded stepping movements. We found that the rate of breathing changed at the beginning of stepping. Most surprisingly, we found that when infants stepped at a frequency slower than their breathing frequency in sitting, the breathing frequency decreased. Average breathing frequency during stepping was positively correlated with stepping frequency. There was no evidence of entrainment between stepping and breathing. In conclusion, the rapid change in breathing frequency at the beginning of movement is functional in infants. The direction and magnitude of change in breathing is associated with the leg movements.
Cover to Cover (1975)

An artist's book by Snow presenting a circular series of images designed to be read from front to back or in reverse which reveals the artist's process and plays with notions of fiction and representation.
Entry strategies into the process improvement initiative (1998)

One of the more important steps in starting a process improvement initiative is to determine the appropriate tasking and the scope of the process improvement program. There is great temptation for an organization to attempt to take on too much too fast, especially if it feels that it must catch up with its competition. For example, an organization will assess its capability against all of the key process areas (KPAs) of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and try to set up working groups and action plans in a broadly based approach to implement multiple levels of KPAs at the same time. While it is natural to want to initiate a program quickly, it is important for an organization trying to get a process improvement initiative started to be as realistic as possible in these beginning stages. It might not be appropriate for an organization to conduct an assessment right away, yet another organization might want to focus on only a few areas to get its process improvement initiative started, show positive results and then expand. This paper will identify critical factors to consider and discuss process improvement entry strategies that the authors have helped their clients to achieve over the past five years. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved Counting Rate Meter (1939)

We describe an improved counting rate meter circuit, whose output meter reads directly the average rate of appearance of pulses in a counter exposed to radioactive substances. Four output scales are provided on a 100-microampere meter, such that full scale corresponds to 7200, 2200, 1450, and 400 counts per minute. Even on the highest speed range, the output current is closely proportional to the counting rate over the entire scale. For very low counting rates, an optional register output is provided.
Vitamin A--functions, dietary requirements and safety in humans. (1997)

In recent years, new physiological functions of vitamin A have been identified in addition to its role in vision, namely its role in immune defence reducing morbidity of measles, of respiratory and possibly HIV infections, in gene regulation, in cell differentiation and morphogenesis. With the discovery of nuclear receptors for retinoic acid additional functions are likely to be found. The recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for vitamin A, including provitamin A carotenoids, vary greatly between countries. This may be explained by difficulties in establishing needs: Homeostatic mechanisms tightly control absorption, storage, release and transport of vitamin A to target tissue, and plasma concentrations do not reflect status unless there is vitamin A deficiency or excess. In the United States RDAs were established on the basis of vitamin A depletion-repletion studies with radio-labelled retinol. Intake requirements were calculated to amount to 1,000 micrograms retinol equivalents (RE) for men, 800 micrograms RE for non-pregnant as well as pregnant women and 1,300 micrograms RE for lactating women. Dietary intake studies in different countries have shown that it is in principle possible to obtain these values from the diet either as preformed vitamin A or in the form of provitamin A carotenoids or both. Risk groups for inadequate intakes include low-income groups and younger persons following weight-reducing and other unbalanced diets. Since experience with recommended intake values in the United States has been excellent, attempts at reducing these levels are unjustified and should be resisted. At intakes of up to three RDA values (approximately 3,000 micrograms RE) no unwanted side-effects are to be expected. Even higher doses, if not taken chronically, have been well tolerated, e.g. in deprived populations with low liver reserves. The suggestion derived from a case-control study that vitamin A taken at supplemental doses of 2,400 micrograms RE may be teratogenic have not been confirmed by several other studies. But it is judicious to follow the recommendations of the American Pediatric Society that women should not exceed a total daily intake of 3,000 micrograms RE. In developing countries where acute and chronic vitamin A deficiency is endemic causing xerophthalmia and blindness and increasing the prevalence of infectious diseases and death in children, special efforts are being made by WHO/UNICEF to provide programs for the eradication of vitamin A deficiency by immediate treatment and by long-term changes in dietary practices.
Evidence of Simultaneous Double-Electron Promotion in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>Collisions with Surfaces (2006)

A high-flux beam of mass-filtered F+ at low energy (100-1300 eV) was scattered off Al and Si surfaces to study core-level excitations of F0 and F+. Elastic scattering behavior for F+ was observed at energies <300 (500) eV off Al (Si) for a 90 degrees lab angle. However, above this energy threshold, orbital mixing in the hard collision step results in electronic excitation of F via molecular orbital promotion along the 4f sigma (F-2p), significantly reducing the observed ion exit energy. In addition, despite the electronegativity of F, scattering at energies >450 (700) eV off Al (Si) produces F2+-behavior which is remarkably similar to Ne+ off the same surfaces. Inelasticities measured for single collision events agree well with the energy deficits required to form (doubly excited) F** and F+** states from F0 and F+, respectively; these excited species most likely decay to inelastic F+ and F2+ via autoionization.
Rapid detection for primary screening of influenza A virus: microfluidic RT-PCR chip and electrochemical DNA sensor (2011)

Rapid and definitive diagnosis is critical to the prevention of the spread of endemic human pathogenic viruses. Detection of variant specific genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has become a routine diagnostic test for accurate subtyping of RNA viruses, such as influenza. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a continuous-flow polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic RT-PCR chip and disposable electrical printed (DEP) chips for rapid amplification and sensing of new influenza (AH1pdm) virus of swine-origin. The RT-PCR chip consisted of four zones: RT reaction zone, initial denaturation zone, thermal cycle zone for PCR (2-step PCR) and pressurizing-channel zone for preventing air-bubble formation. In order to measure electrochemical signals, methylene blue (MB), an electro-active DNA intercalator, was added to the RT-PCR mixture. The RT-PCR was completed within 15 min which was the total flow-through time from the inlet to the outlet, and the reduction signals from amplifications could be detected quickly on the DEP chip. The MB reduction current on the DEP chip with the amplicon significantly reduced compared to non-amplified controls. This microfluidic platform for rapid RT-PCR and the DEP chip for quick electrochemical sensing are suitable for integration, and have the potential to be a portable system for diagnostic tests.
In hepatocellular carcinoma <i>miR‐519d</i> is up‐regulated by p53 and DNA hypomethylation and targets <i>CDKN1A/p21, PTEN, AKT3</i> and <i>TIMP2</i> (2012)

MiR-519d belongs to the chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC), the largest human miRNA cluster. One of its members, miR-519d, is over-expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and we characterized its contribution to hepatocarcinogenesis. In HCC cells, the over-expression of miR-519d promotes cell proliferation, invasion and impairs apoptosis following anticancer treatments. These functions are, at least in part, exerted through the direct targeting of CDKN1A/p21, PTEN, AKT3 and TIMP2. The mechanisms underlying miR-519d aberrant expression in HCC were assayed by genomic DNA amplification, methylation analysis and ChIP assay. The aberrant hypomethylation of C19MC and TP53 were respectively identified as an epigenetic change allowing the aberrant expression of miR-519d and one of the factors able to activate its transcription. In conclusion, we assessed the oncogenic role of miR-519d in HCC by characterizing its biological functions, including the modulation of response to anticancer treatments and by identifying CDKN1A/p21, PTEN, AKT3 and TIMP2 among its targets.
Prolongation of Islet Xenograft Survival (Rat to Mouse) (1981)

The portal vein technique was modified to permit transplantation of isolated islets via the portal vein into diabetic mice. Transplants of BALB/c islets, via the portal vein, into diabetic BALB/c mice maintained normoglycemia for &gt; 200 days. Morphologic studies of the liver of the recipients at 203–210 days revealed intact islets with a normal degree of beta granulation. A marked prolongation of islet xenograft survival was obtained by maintaining isolated rat islets (Wistar-Furth) in vitro at 24°C for 7 days, transplanting the islets into diabetic recipients (BALB/c) via the portal vein, and administering one i.v. injection of antiserum to mouse and rat lymphocytes at the time of transplantation. Seventy percent of the recipients were normoglycemic at 100 days and 33% were normoglycemic at 200 days after transplantation. Omitting the single injection of rat antilymphocyte serum from this protocol and using only mouse antilymphocyte serum and 1 wk of culture (24°C) resulted in a 10% survival of the islet xenografts at 100 and 200 days after transplantation. Morphologic studies on normoglycemic recipients (BALB/c) from 63 to 200 days after transplantation of rat islets revealed normal islets in the livers of the recipients with focal aggregates of lymphoid cells adjacent to the islets. The mechanism for induction of these lymphoid aggregates is unknown. Regardless of the mechanism of induction, the lymphoid aggregates did not interfere with the function of the islet transplants since the recipients were normoglycemic. Rejection of an established islet xenograft of rat islets was induced by the i.v. injection of 107 rat spleen cells into the recipient 57 days after transplantation. The mechanisms involved in obtaining marked prolongation of islet xenograft survival without the continuous use of immunosuppressive agents are not clearly established. The simplest explanation of the findings is that the pretreatment regimens destroyed or altered passenger lymphoid cells which are required for the induction of immune rejection of the islet xenografts by the recipient.
A new positive-type photoresist based on mono-substituted hydroquinone calix[8]arene and diazonaphthoquinone (1999)

Mono-substituted hydroquinone calix[8]arenes 1a and 1b were synthesized by the debenzylation of O-substituted p-benzyloxyphenol calix[8]arenes which were prepared by the cyclization of p-benzyloxyphenol and paraformaldehyde in the presence of a base, followed by acylation with acetic anhydride or toluene-p-sulfonyl chloride. The calixarenes provide highly transparent films from their solutions in ethyl lactate (EL). A new positive-type photoresist based on the calix[8]arene 1b having toluene-p-sulfonate groups as a base-developable matrix and diazonaphthoquinone-4-sulfonate [DNQ(4)] or -5-sulfonate [DNQ(5)] as a photoreactive dissolution inhibitor has been successfully developed. The difference of dissolution rates for this resist system toward 1.5 wt% aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution reached 1300-5000 times before and after UV radiation (200 mJ cm –2 ). Thus, the photoresists containing 25 wt% of DNQs showed high sensitivities of 30-37 mJ cm –2 (D) and contrasts of 2.5-2.8 (γ) when they were exposed to 365 nm light and post-exposure baked (PEB) at 100 °C for 90 s, followed by developing with 1.5 wt% aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution at room temperature. A fine positive image featuring 1 µm of minimum line and space patterns was also printed on the film which was exposed to 40 mJ cm –2 by the contact mode.
Polymerization of Vesicles Composed of <i>N</i>-(4-Vinylbenzoyl)phosphatidylethanolamine (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPolymerization of Vesicles Composed of N-(4-Vinylbenzoyl)phosphatidylethanolamineGlenn E. Lawson, J. J. Breen, Manuel Marquez, Alok Singh, and Bradley D. SmithView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University−Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3274, The Nanotechnology Lab, Kraft Foods R & D, 801 Waukegan Road, Glenview, Illinois 60025, and Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6930, Overlook Avenue 4555, Washington, D.C. 20375 Cite this: Langmuir 2003, 19, 8, 3557–3560Publication Date (Web):March 11, 2003Publication History Received10 December 2002Revised9 February 2003Published online11 March 2003Published inissue 1 April 2003https://doi.org/10.1021/la026975+Copyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (169 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Magnetic properties,Membranes,Permeability,Polymerization,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
A Process Model for the Production of Hydrogen Using High Temperature Electrolysis (2006)

High temperature electrolysis (HTE) involves the splitting of steam into hydrogen and oxygen at high temperatures. The primary advantage of HTE over conventional low temperature electrolysis is that considerably higher hydrogen production efficiencies can be achieved. Performing the electrolysis process at high temperatures results in more favorable thermodynamics for electrolysis, more efficient production of electricity, and allows direct use of process heat to generate steam. This paper presents the results of process analyses performed to evaluate the hydrogen production efficiencies of an HTE plant coupled to a 600 MWt Modular Helium Reactor (MHR) that supplies both the electricity and process heat needed to drive the process. The MHR operates with a coolant outlet temperature of 950 C. Approximately 87% of the high-temperature heat is used to generate electricity at high efficiency using a direct, Brayton-cycle power conversion system. The remaining high-temperature heat is used to generate a superheated steam / hydrogen mixture that is supplied to the electrolyzers. The analyses were performed using the HYSYS process modeling software. The model used to perform the analyses consisted of three loops; a primary high temperature helium loop, a secondary helium loop and the HTE process loop. The detailed model included realistic representations of all major components in the system, including pumps, compressors, heat exchange equipment, and the electrolysis stack. The design of the hydrogen production process loop also included a steam-sweep gas system to remove oxygen from the electrolysis stack so that it can be recovered and used for other applications. Results of the process analyses showed that hydrogen production efficiencies in the range of 45% to 50% are achievable with this system.
Recent Developments and Patenting of Lipoprotein Based Formulations (2007)

Rapid advances in drug discovery and development have spawned numerous innovative drug delivery approaches. Although these efforts have primarily focused on optimizing the performance of drugs targeted for the current market, enhanced delivery of drugs may also result in the revitalization of marginally effective or failed formulations due to their original poor solubility. Plasma lipoproteins have long been considered as appropriate models for drug delivery vehicles, particularly because of their potential for transporting chemicals with low water solubility. Additional features that render lipoproteins particularly suitable for drug delivery are their natural, bio-compatible components, their small size, the ability to deliver the drug itself rather than a prodrug or conjugate and their receptor mediated their uptake or the uptake of their payload, particularly by cancer cells. There has been increased activity in the patenting of lipoprotein type formulations in the last several years, primarily with the aim of developing enhanced drug delivery vehicles. This communication attempts to review the patenting activity in this area with particular focus on drug delivery and cancer chemotherapy.
Adherence to Communal Norms: What It Means, When It Occurs, and Some Thoughts on How It Develops (2002)

Communal norms, which emerge gradually across childhood, are a product of social exchanges characteristic of relationships with family members and friends.