gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Morphological Study of Tooth in Racoon Dogs (1983)

The teeth were measured and the crowns were studied morphologically with use of 101 skulls of racoon dogs (♂ : 51 and ♀ : 50). Racoon dogs belong to Canidae of Carnivora and their teeth resemble closely to those of dogs morphologically. The results were as follows : 1. No definite difference by sex in size was observed in any tooth. 2. On the whole, the measurements of height, width and thickness of each tooth showed the followings : Of the incisors, I_3 was the largest in both the maxilla and mandible, followed by I_2 and I_1, with the tooth closer to the mesial side being smaller. Of the molars, P_4 in the maxilla and M_1 in the mandible, which are carnassial teeth, were the largest. A way from these two teeth toward the mesial and distal sides, the teeth became smaller successively. However, the maxillary corwn thickness was the largest in M_1 and became smaller in M_2, P_4, P_3, P_2, and P_1 in order. 3. On the lingual side of the incisors, cingulum was found well-developed and tubercles were occasionally found on the mesial and distal sides. In the maxilla, development of the tubercles was definite in I_1 and I_2 but indefinite in I_3. Especially, the distal tubercles were not recognized in I_3. In the mandible, development of the mesial tubercles were quite poor. The distal tubercles were most developed in I_3. 4. Lingual crown supernumerary tubercles are said to appear frequently in the maxillary P_3 and mandibular P_4 in dogs. In racoon dogs, however, they were barely recognized in the maxillary P_3 and were not at all recognized in the mandibular P_4. 5. The maxillary P_4 is what is called a carnassial tooth, and is quite large and complex. The crown is compressed bucco-lingually, and is long and narrow mesiodistally. It is composed of three main cusps (protocone, paracone, and metacone) and supplemental tubercles such as metaconus. 6. The maxillary distomolars have four cusps, paracone, metacone, protocone, and hypocone. The protocone is the highest. In the ratio of the size of each cusp to paracone, M_2 is larger than M_1 in every dimension, which suggests poor growth of paracone in M_2. 7. On the basis of the ratio of talon area to occlusal surface area of the maxillary distomolars, talon in M_2 decreased as compared with M_1 and was considered to be on a regressive trend. 8. In the mandibular distomolars, M_1 is what is called a carnassial tooth. It is long and narrow mesio-distally and has 5 shap and pointed cusps, protoconid, metaconid, paraconid, hypoconid, and entoconid, which rise prominently. In M_2, paraconid was regressing. In M_3, paraconid had disappeared and entoconid, hypoconid, and metaconid in order are in the process of regression. 9. In the mandibular distomolars, growth of talonid as compared with trigonid was better than that in dogs. M_1 in particular showed an index over 100, reflecting quite good growth. 10. The ratio of the size of other teeth to the carnassial tooth was the largest in the cuspid and the two neighboring teeth to the carnassial tooth in both the maxilla and mandible.
Differential effects of melatonin on hippocampal neurodegeneration in different aged accelerated senescence prone mouse-8. (2008)

A purpose of this study is to compare the differential effects of melatonin on hippocampal neurodegeneration in accelerated senescence prone mouse-8 (SAMP8) which is initiated treatment at different age.The 4-months old SAMP8 mice were injected subcutaneously with melatonin (1 mg/kg/day) for 4 months. Similar treatments were performed in the 7-months old mice. When the animals were complete 11-months old, a series of tests were performed. Y maze test and Eight-arm radial maze task were used to assess cognitive performance. Hippocampal pyramidal cells were estimated by Nissl's staining. By using Gomori's methenamine silver methods, the methenamine silver staining granules (MSSG) were observed in area CA1 of hippocampus. A computer-assisted morphometric study was carried out on the ultrastructure of perikaryal CA1 pyramidal cell mitochondria. The volume density (Vv), surface density (Sv), numerical density (Nv) and mean volume (V) of the mitochondria were calculated.Melatonin treatment obviously reduced the deposition of MSSG and elevated hippocampal pyramidal cell number while improving the learning and memory deficits of SAMP8. The mice initiated treatment from 4-months old exhibited a greater response to melatonin supplementation than 7-months old mice. It also decreased mean volume (V) and significantly elevated the Sv and Nv of the mitochondria in hippocampal CA1 region. However, 7-months old mice showed little effects on it.Our results indicate that the protective effects of melatonin on hippocampal neurodegeneration of SAMP8 are age dependent.
Optimal control of electric power-assisted steering system (2005)

EPS (electric power-assisted steering) system has been used to replace traditional hydronic power steering system in vehicles. In an EPS system, the assisting torque is from an electric motor for steering effort. The performance of an EPS system requires that the high frequency external disturbance in road reaction torque be attenuated so that the driver could feel comfortable - light and less vibration - during the steering process, while the low frequency dynamics in the road reaction torque, which is regarded as "road surface information", be transferred sufficiently to the steering shaft so that the motor assisting torque could be determined appropriately. In this paper, an optimal control design is presented for the EPS system with a brushed motor. In particular, a two-controllers structure is proposed to achieved the specified essential performance, which consists of a optimally designed master controller, called "motion controller" in this paper, to address the performance requirement of driver's hand feeling, and a slave P-I controller for motor drive to generate sufficient assisting torque, according to the command from the master motion controller
Study on a Real-Time Image Object Tracking System (2008)

A programmable real-time system based on DSP and FPGA for the image object tracking is proposed. The high-performance fixed-point DSP TMS320DM643 as kernel processor is suitable for processing video signal. This paper presents in detail the work flow of the solution, the function and principle of components, such as preprocessing and OSD FPGA, the external memory interface, the transport and control of digital video data stream, the module of multi-voltage power supply and monitoring. The experiments and analysis show that peak-value, poid, and correlation tracking algorithms using gray-scale of video sequence could be implemented on the hardware platform in real time.
Level set methods and MR image segmentation for geometric modeling in computational hemodynamics (2002)

Accurate, detailed simulation of important physiological blood flow features depends in part on accurate geometric models of the vascular structures to be studied. Because of their geometric nature, geometric image segmentation techniques provide powerful ways to improve the accuracy of geometric models in computational hemodynamics. Here we describe the application of one such technique, the level set method, to the construction of three-dimensional vascular models using MR imaging data. First, a boundary propagation function suitable for segmentation of vascular images is described. A methodology for applying this function in two-dimensions is outlined, and a strategy for using these two-dimensional segmentations to construct three-dimensional models is presented. Results of preliminary finite element blood flow simulations based on a computational model constructed in this way are also shown.
Small-World Networks: Evidence for a Crossover Picture (1999)

Watts and Strogatz [Nature (London) 393, 440 (1998)] have recently introduced a model for disordered networks and reported that, even for very small values of the disorder $p$ in the links, the network behaves as a ``small world.'' Here, we test the hypothesis that the appearance of small-world behavior is not a phase transition but a crossover phenomenon which depends both on the network size $n$ and on the degree of disorder $p$. We propose that the average distance $\ensuremath{\ell}$ between any two vertices of the network is a scaling function of $n/{n}^{*}$. The crossover size ${n}^{*}$ above which the network behaves as a small world is shown to scale as ${n}^{*}(p\ensuremath{\ll}1)\ensuremath{\sim}{p}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\tau}}$ with $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\approx}2/3$.
Polyspecific malaria antibodies present at the time of infection inhibit the development of immunity to malaria but antibodies specific for the malaria merozoite surface protein, MSP1, facilitate immunity (2002)

Serum taken from mice immune to malaria as a result of infection and drug cure, or from mice immunized with a recombinant form of the merozoite surface protein, MSP1, can provide passive protection of recipient mice against the lethal parasite, Plasmodium yoelii YM. However, recipients of MSP1-immune serum go on to develop long-term immunity, whereas recipients of serum from mice naturally immune to malaria rapidly lose their resistance to infection. We demonstrate that 'infection/cure' serum suppresses the development of both antibody and cell-mediated parasite-specific responses in recipients, whereas these develop in recipients of MSP1-specific antibodies. These data have profound implications for our understanding of the development of malaria immunity in babies who passively acquire antibodies from their mothers.
Improved results of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for advanced hematologic malignancy using busulfan, cyclophosphamide and etoposide as cytoreductive and immunosuppressive therapy. (1991)

Twenty-four patients between the ages of 8 and 48 years (median 27.5) with high-risk for relapse hematologic malignancy received a marrow transplant from an HLA and MLC compatible sibling donor after chemotherapy with busulfan, 4 mg/kg/day for 4 days by mouth, cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/day i.v. for 2 days, and etoposide 60 mg/kg i.v. over 4 h on the first day of cyclophosphamide treatment (BU/CY/VP). Toxicity consisted of mucositis, skin rash, and nausea and vomiting in all patients, transient fever thought to be due to etoposide administration in 16/24 (67%) patients, and clinical veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver in 4/24 (17%). There were nine deaths from causes other than recurrent disease in the first 100 days after transplant and two deaths after day 100, a total transplant mortality of 11/24 (46%). Three patients relapsed, but 10/24 (40%) remain alive and disease free 26-182 weeks (median 60 weeks) from transplant. These results compare favorably with results in a group of 12 similar risk patients treated with total body irradiation (TBI) containing regimens during an overlapping time period. Six of the TBI patients have had persistent or recurrent disease and only two (17%) are currently alive and disease free. The probability of disease persistence or relapse is 67% in the TBI group and 20% in the BU/CY/VP group (p less than 0.02).
Face Generation for Low-Shot Learning Using Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

Recently, low-shot learning has been proposed for handling the lack of training data in machine learning. Despite of the importance of this issue, relatively less efforts have been made to study this problem. In this paper, we aim to increase the size of training dataset in various ways to improve the accuracy and robustness of face recognition. In detail, we adapt a generator from the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to increase the size of training dataset, which includes a base set, a widely available dataset, and a novel set, a given limited dataset, while adopting transfer learning as a backend. Based on extensive experimental study, we conduct the analysis on various data augmentation methods, observing how each affects the identification accuracy. Finally, we conclude that the proposed algorithm for generating faces is effective in improving the identification accuracy and coverage at the precision of 99% using both the base and novel set.
Localization of MHC class II molecules in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. (1991)

The localization of MHC class II molecules (Ia) was studied by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated by recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma). Ia molecules were detected on the plasma membrane and on the limiting membrane and internal structures of vesicular acidic compartments. Some of these vesicules also contained cathepsin B and/or cathepsin D. The use of BSA-gold, a marker of fluid phase endocytosis, allowed the identification of Ia-positive organelles as endocytic compartments. The first to be labelled with BSA-gold also contained the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR) but not the 120,000 molecular weights lysosomal glycoprotein (lgp 120). Later on, BSA-gold appeared in Ia+, MPR+, lgp 120+ compartments. Collectively these data suggest that intracellular Ia molecules are mainly present in early and late endosomes.
AKAP (A-kinase anchoring protein) domains: beads of structure–function on the necklace of G-protein signalling (2004)

AKAPs (A-kinase anchoring proteins) are members of a diverse family of scaffold proteins that minimally possess a characteristic binding domain for the RI/RII regulatory subunit of protein kinase A and play critical roles in establishing spatial constraints for multivalent signalling assemblies. Especially for G-protein-coupled receptors, the AKAPs provide an organizing centre about which various protein kinases and phosphatases can be assembled to create solid-state signalling devices that can signal, be modulated and trafficked within the cell. The structure of AKAP250 (also known as gravin or AKAP12), based on analyses of milligram quantities of recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli, suggests that the AKAP is probably an unordered scaffold, acting as a necklace on which 'jewels' of structure-function (e.g. the RII-binding domain) that provide docking sites on which signalling components can be assembled. Recent results suggest that AKAP250 provides not only a 'tool box' for assembling signalling elements, but may indeed provide a basis for spatial constraint observed for many signalling paradigms. The spatial dimension of the integration of cell signalling will probably reflect many functions performed by members of the AKAP family.
Structure, function and evolution of picornaviruses (1990)

Conclusion This review illustrates how molecular and structural analyses have contributed to a greater understanding of the rich biological diversity seen in the picornaviruses. In many cases the second phase of studies, based on increasingly powerful genetic engineering, biochemical and immunological techniques is now well under way and beginning to reveal the depth of the vast store of information which still lies encoded cryptically in the sequences and structures which have been determined. The advances made already suggest that the next few years will be even more fruitful than those since 1981 when the first picornavirus sequence was published.
En préambule : La bibliothèque de la Marquise de Pompadour (2003)

Les ventes de bibliothèques privées se multiplient en France à partir de 1750 ; dans la plupart des cas ces ventes ont lieu après la mort du propriétaire et sont précédées par l’impression d’un catalogue. Ces catalogues sont une mine précieuse de renseignements mais leur interprétation se heurte à deux difficultés : 1/ le propriétaire a-t-il acquis lui-même ces ouvrages (par achat ou par don) ou en a-t-il hérité de son père et parfois de son grand-père ? 2/ le propriétaire a-t-il lu ou vo...
Combining multidimensional genomic measurements for predicting cancer prognosis: observations from TCGA (2014)

With accumulating research on the interconnections among different types of genomic regulations, researchers have found that multidimensional genomic studies outperform one-dimensional studies in multiple aspects. Among many sources of multidimensional genomic data, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provides the public with comprehensive profiling data on >30 cancer types, making it an ideal test bed for conducting and comparing different analyses. In this article, the analysis goal is to apply several existing methods and associate multidimensional genomic measurements with cancer outcomes in particular prognosis, with special focus on the predictive power of genomic signatures. We exploit clinical data and four types of genomic measurement including mRNA gene expression, DNA methylation, microRNA and copy number alterations for breast invasive carcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, acute myeloid leukemia and lung squamous cell carcinoma collected by TCGA. To accommodate the high dimensionality, we extract important features using Principal Component Analysis, Partial Least Squares and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso), which are representative of dimension reduction and variable selection techniques and have been extensively adopted, and fit Cox survival models with combined important features. We calibrate the predictive power of each type of genomic measurement for the prognosis of four cancer types and find that the results vary across cancers. Our analysis also suggests that for most of the cancers in our study and the adopted methods, there is no substantial improvement in prediction when adding other genomic measurement after gene expression and clinical covariates have been included in the model. This is consistent with the findings that molecular features measured at the transcription level affect clinical outcomes more directly than those measured at the DNA/epigenetic level.
Antireflection layers for GaAs solar cells (1982)

The results of reflectance and transmittance calculation for various single and double layer optical coatings on GaAs solar cells are presented. An optimization technique has been used to calculate the optimum thicknesses of the layers which result in maximum transmission of photons at the GaAs surface taking into consideration the solar spectrum in outer space (air mass zero illumination). The effect of angle of incidence of light is also discussed. The technique used is quite general and could be used for any system of multilayer thin films of absorbing or nonabsorbing type with light incident at any angle.
Volumizing Hyaluronic Acid Filler for Midface Volume Deficit: 2-Year Results from a Pivotal Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Study (2013)

VYC-20L is safe and effective for age-related MVD, with correction lasting up to 2 years.
Some Effects of Starch Lipids on the Thermal and Rheological Properties of Wheat Starch (1981)

Abstract Thermal and rheological properties of starches from two different wheat varieties were examined in relation to differences in surface distribution of lipids in the starch granules. The lipids present on the outside of the granules were extracted by isopropanol and the lipids in the amylose lipid complexes were extracted by water‐saturated butanol. These amylose lipid complexes influence both the thermal properties of the starch, measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and the viscosity of the starch. The starch with the greatest amount of lipids extractable by water‐saturated butanol began to gelatinize at a higher temperature and the gelatinization enthalpy was lower. Furthermore the viscosity began to increase at a higher temperature and the maximum viscosity was achieved at a higher temperature for this starch.
State of the art timing in TOF-PET detectors with LuAG, GAGG and L(Y)SO scintillators of various sizes coupled to FBK-SiPMs (2016)

Time of flight (TOF) in positron emission tomography (PET) has experienced a revival of interest after its first introduction in the eighties. This is due to a significant progress in solid state photodetectors (SiPMs) and newly developed scintillators (LSO and its derivatives). Latest developments at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) lead to the NUV-HD SiPM with a very high photon detection efficiency of around 55%. Despite the large area of 4×4 mm2 it achieves a good single photon time resolution (SPTR) of 180±5ps FWHM. Coincidence time resolution (CTR) measurements using LSO:Ce codoped with Ca scintillators yield best values of 73±2ps FWHM for 2×2×3 mm3 and 117±3ps for 2×2×20 mm3 crystal sizes. Increasing the crystal cross-section from 2×2 mm2 to 3×3 mm2 a non negligible CTR deterioration of approximately 7ps FWHM is observed. Measurements with LSO:Ce codoped Ca and LYSO:Ce scintillators with various cross-sections (1×1 mm2 - 4×4 mm2) and lengths (3mm - 30mm) will be a basis for discussing on how the crystal geometry affects timing in TOF-PET. Special attention is given to SiPM parameters, e.g. SPTR and optical crosstalk, and their measured dependency on the crystal cross-section. Additionally, CTR measurements with LuAG:Ce, LuAG:Pr and GGAG:Ce samples are presented and the results are interpreted in terms of their scintillation properties, e.g. rise time, decay time, light yield and emission spectra.
Growth and carcass composition of pre-pubertal dairy heifers treated with bovine growth hormone (1987)

ABSTRACT The effects of long-term administration of exogenous growth hormone (GH) on growth and carcass composition of pasture-fed, pre-pubertal dairy heifers were examined. Purified bovine GH (specific activity, 0·78 i.u. per mg) was administered daily for 21 weeks (0·6 mg GH per kg M 0·75 ) to one member of each of 12 sets of twins. GH administration resulted in a significantly higher growth rate (0·58 kg/ day) compared with the control group (0·54 kg/day) and produced a heavier carcass (75·6 kg v. 69·5 kg). However, this production gain did not persist when GH treatment ceased. Plasma metabolite concentrations and carcass composition were not affected by GH treatment. GH tended to increase slightly the voluntary intake of freshly cut herbage dry matter (3·5 kg/day v . 3·7 kg/day; P < 0·05), but had no effect on food conversion efficiency. Serum somatomedin levels were not significantly increased by GH during week 13 of treatment. This experiment indicates that pre-pubertal heifers chronically treated with GH will increase their food intake to sustain an increased rate of growth. However, the production gains made over the treatment period were transient and within 5 weeks of the cessation of GH treatment there was no difference in the live weight of the two groups.