gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus from Mothers to Infants (1994)

HCV is vertically transmitted from mother to infant, and the risk of transmission is correlated with the titer of HCV RNA in the mother.
Monte Carlo Computation of the Fisher Information Matrix in Nonstandard Settings (2005)

The Fisher information matrix summarizes the amount of information in the data relative to the quantities of interest. There are many applications of the information matrix in modeling, systems analysis, and estimation, including confidence region calculation, input design, prediction bounds, and “noninformative” priors for Bayesian analysis. This article reviews some basic principles associated with the information matrix, presents a resampling-based method for computing the information matrix together with some new theory related to efficient implementation, and presents some numerical results. The resampling-based method relies on an efficient technique for estimating the Hessian matrix, introduced as part of the adaptive (“second-order”) form of the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) optimization algorithm.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Applications in Psychiatry (2002)

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a non-invasive investigative technique that has provided useful insights into the biochemical basis of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It allows direct measurement, in vivo, of medication levels within the brain and has made it possible to track the neurochemical changes that occur as a consequence of disease and ageing or in response to treatment. It is an extremely useful advance in neuroimaging technology and one that will undoubtedly have many clinical uses in the near future.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to Methane at the Cu Electrode in Methanol with Sodium Supporting Salts and Its Comparison with Other Alkaline Salts (2005)

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 at the Cu electrode was investigated in methanol-based electrolyte using various sodium supporting salts, such as acetate, chloride, bromide, iodide, thiocyanate, and perchlorate, at a low temperature (243 K). The main products from CO2 by the electrochemical reduction were methane, ethylene, carbon monoxide, and formic acid. The formation of methane from CO2 predominated in all sodium supporting salts, and the efficiencies were relatively high. A maximum faradaic efficiency of methane was 70.5% in NaClO4/methanol-based electrolyte at −3.0 V versus Ag/AgCl-saturated KCl. In the sodium salts/methanol-based electrolyte system, except for the case of acetate, the efficiency of hydrogen formation, being a competitive reaction against CO2 reduction, was depressed below 18%. Especially, the efficiency was below 1% when sodium thiocyanate salt was used as a supporting salt. On the basis of this work, the high-efficiency electrochemical CO2−methane conversion method is achieved.
Kinematic and 3D motion prediction for gaze control (2003)

Estimation and prediction of the state of dynamical systems operating in three dimensions, and of mechanisms acting in space, provide a way for multiple-loop, multirate, time-delayed control systems to cooperate. Animate vision systems, biological or robotic, employ gaze control systems to acquire, fixate, and stabilize images. The aim is to build robust gaze control behavior from cooperating lower level visual reflexes. Solutions are explored through simulation incorporating ten primitive gaze control capabilities, more or less comparable to subsystems in primate gaze and head control. Versions of several of the subsystems have been implemented on a binocular robot. Smith prediction is the basic paradigm, using kinematic simulation of the agent and optimal filtering to predict world state.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
COBBLER: combining column and row enumeration for closed pattern discovery (2004)

The problem of mining frequent closed patterns has received considerable attention recently as it promises to have much less redundancy compared to discovering all frequent patterns. Existing algorithms can presently be separated into two groups, feature (column) enumeration and row enumeration. Feature enumeration algorithms like CHARM and CLOSET+ are efficient for datasets with small number of features and large number of rows since the number of feature combinations to be enumerated is small. Row enumeration algorithms like CARPENTER on the other hand are more suitable for datasets (eg. bioinformatics data) with large number of features and small number of rows. Both groups of algorithms, however, will encounter problem for datasets that have large number of rows and features. In this paper, we describe a new algorithm called COBBLER which can efficiently mine such datasets . COBBLER is designed to dynamically switch between feature enumeration and row enumeration depending on the data characteristic in the process of mining. As such, each portion of the dataset can be processed using the most suitable method, making the mining more efficient. Several experiments on real-life and synthetic datasets show that COBBLER is an order of magnitude better than previous closed pattern mining algorithms like CHARM, CLOSET+ and CARPENTER.
Xenopus A-myb is expressed during early spermatogenesis. (1993)

c-myb has been studied intensely, but other members of the myb gene family have been largely overlooked. This paper describes the isolation and characterization of a Xenopus cDNA sequence, XAMyb, closely related to human A-myb. Xenopus provides a valuable experimental model for investigating the involvement of genes in cell proliferation, differentiation and development. Although no expression of XAMyb was detected in oocytes or eggs or during early embryogenesis, there is a low level of expression within ovarian tissue, which is down-regulated in response to hormones that stimulate oocyte maturation. However, in adult male Xenopus, virtually all A-myb expression is in the testis, particularly within the nuclei of spermatogonial cells, the mitotically proliferating early progenitors of spermatozoa. Expression falls dramatically during meiosis and is virtually undetectable during subsequent spermiogenesis. This pattern of expression of Xenopus A-myb during the preterminal differentiation/proliferation phase of germ cell development resembles the expression of c-myb in similar phases during haematopoiesis. These results suggest related roles for myb variants during the development of different stem cell-derived populations.
Kinetics of Hydrolytic Degradation of Poly(ethylene naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of Hydrolytic Degradation of Poly(ethylene naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate)H. Zhang and I. M. WardCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 23, 7622–7629Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00127a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00127a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Femtosecond laser micromachining of dielectric materials for biomedical applications (2008)

Techniques for microfluidic channel fabrication in soda-lime glass and fused quartz using femtosecond laser ablation and ablation in conjunction with polymer coating for surface roughness improvement were tested. Systematic experiments were done to characterize how process variables (laser fluence, scanning speed and focus spot overlap, and material properties) affect the machining feature size and quality. Laser fluence and focus spot overlap showed the strongest influence on channel depth and roughness. At high fluence, the surface roughness was measured to be between 395 nm and 731 nm RMS. At low fluence, roughness decreased to 100 nm–350 nm RMS and showed a greater dependence on overlap. The surface roughness of laser ablation was also dependent on the material properties. For the same laser ablation parameters, soda-lime glass surfaces were smoother than fused quartz. For some applications, especially those using quartz, smoother channels are desired. A hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) polymer coating was applied and the roughness of the coated channels was improved to 10–50 nm RMS.
Effects of daptomycin in combination with other antimicrobial agents: a review of in vitro and animal model studies (2009)

This review summarizes the in vitro and animal model data available on antibiotic combinations with daptomycin. The majority of studies focus on the clinically relevant combinations of daptomycin with rifampicin or with gentamicin. These studies demonstrate that daptomycin does not adversely affect the activity of other antimicrobial agents that may be administered concomitantly. Overall, additive or indifferent effects with daptomycin combinations were observed; however, synergy was observed for certain isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci when exposed to daptomycin and rifampicin. Unexpected synergy was demonstrated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by daptomycin and beta-lactams. Most importantly, no in vitro antagonism of daptomycin with any other agent tested was confirmed in these studies. The most striking in vivo effects were noted in two different complicated infection models; i.e. osteomyelitis and implant infections, where rifampicin combinations with daptomycin increased efficacy and reduced the incidence of rifampicin resistance.
Cameras and Inertial/Magnetic Sensor Units Alignment Calibration (2016)

Due to the external acceleration interference/magnetic disturbance, the inertial/magnetic measurements are usually fused with visual data for drift-free orientation estimation, which plays an important role in a wide variety of applications, ranging from virtual reality, robot, and computer vision to biomotion analysis and navigation. However, in order to perform data fusion, alignment calibration must be performed in advance to determine the difference between the sensor coordinate system and the camera coordinate system. Since orientation estimation performance of the inertial/magnetic sensor unit is immune to the selection of the inertial/magnetic sensor frame original point, we therefore ignore the translational difference by assuming the sensor and camera coordinate systems sharing the same original point and focus on the rotational alignment difference only in this paper. By exploiting the intrinsic restrictions among the coordinate transformations, the rotational alignment calibration problem is formulated by a simplified hand–eye equation <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$AX=XB$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are all rotation matrices). A two-step iterative algorithm is then proposed to solve such simplified hand-eye calibration task. Detailed laboratory validation has been performed and the good experimental results have illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed alignment calibration method.
A high speed, real-to-quadrature converter with filtering and decimation (2002)

The design of a high speed, real-to-quadrature converter chip set with filtering, decimation, built-in self-test (BIST), and IEEE 1149.1 based boundary scan will be presented. The 15,000 gate application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implemented in 1.5 /spl mu/m CMOS gate array technology has 3 half-band filters with 3, 7, and 11 taps which can be cascaded in a number of combinations. The intended ASIC application is the processing of narrowband radio signals at IF frequencies. The paper addresses the ASIC's functionality, VLSI implementation and test methodology, and provides both simulation and test data.
Wegh (1864)

Journal Article Wegh Get access G. A. C. G. A. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s3-V, Issue 106, 9 January 1864, Page 38, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-V.106.38a Published: 09 January 1864
Alkali emission during combustion of coals at the normal temperature range of PFBCs (1979)

Four coals of three different ranks were combusted at 850 and 900/sup 0/C to investigate the emission of sodium and potassium compounds during combustion. One high volatile bituminous coal, two subbituminous coals and one lignite were combusted in a laboratory-scale, batch (50 grams of coal), fixed-bed combustor. Alkali emissions were found to be greater at 900/sup 0/C than at 850/sup 0/C. For coals with less than 9 wt % ash content on a dry basis, the sodium compound emission increased linearly with decreasing ash content. Sodium from coal was found to be fixed in the ash residue during combustion as either sulfate or water-insoluble compounds. The reaction of sodium compounds with the clay minerals in coal resulted in the formation of the insoluble compounds. Addition of sodium chloride to the three low-ash content coals (< 9 wt % ash) by aqueous solution impregnation markedly increased sodium chloride vapor emission. Addition of sodium chloride enhanced the release of potassium compounds also. The studies described in this report were undertaken to investigate the emission of sodium and potassium compounds during the combustion of coals and simulated high-chlorine coals at the normal temperature range of PFBCs, using a laboratory-scale, batch, fixed-bed combustor. Study of high-chlorine coal is of interest because earlier findings have shown that fouling and corrosive effects on the fire-side of a boiler furnace are closely related to the chlorine content of coal, and because thermodynamic calculations indicate that the chlorine content of coal is a major factor in determining the alkali level in flue gas during combustion.
Fabric compatibility and cleaning effectiveness of drycleaning with carbon dioxide (1996)

Liquid carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) offers an environmentally sound replacement solvent to the currently used drycleaning solvent, perchloroethylene (PERC). In addition to the health and safety benefits of a CO{sub 2} based cleaning system, large savings in solvent costs provide an incentive for conversion to the new system. Lower operating costs for the new technology provide further incentive. Experimental studies were conducted using CO{sub 2} in both small scale and pilot scale test systems in order to address fabric compatibility with this alternative cleaning method. Results from these tests show that fabric shrinkage using CO{sub 2} is controlled to the same level as current drycleaning methods. In addition, tests to evaluate the cleaning performance of liquid CO{sub 2} drycleaning were also conducted. These results show the prototype liquid CO{sub 2} cleaning system to be better than PERC at soil removal, and worse than PERC at inorganic salt removal.
The roles of motility in colonization of Helicobacter pylori in human stomach (2008)

Helicobacter pylori is able to colonize the human stomach and dwell in the human stomach for decades or for whole lifetime. A number of potential virulence factors contribute to Helicobacter pylori to colonize this unusual niche. Motility is an essential colonization factor based on the fact that nonmotile variants of Helicobacter pylori can't infect gnotobiotic piglets. Motility is not a colonization factor based on rapid loss of motility of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric lumen in vivo. The exact roles of Helicobacter pylori motility are not yet known. The aim of this article is to discuss correlation between colonization and motility of Helicobacter pylori.

Key words: 
Helicobacter pylori;  Gastric mucosa;  Virulence factors;  Bacterial outer membrane proteins;  Urease
Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Compressor Stations in the Transmission and Storage Sector: Measurements and Comparisons with the EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Protocol (2015)

Equipment- and site-level methane emissions from 45 compressor stations in the transmission and storage (T&S) sector of the US natural gas system were measured, including 25 sites required to report under the EPA greenhouse gas reporting program (GHGRP). Direct measurements of fugitive and vented sources were combined with AP-42-based exhaust emission factors (for operating reciprocating engines and turbines) to produce a study onsite estimate. Site-level methane emissions were also concurrently measured with downwind-tracer-flux techniques. At most sites, these two independent estimates agreed within experimental uncertainty. Site-level methane emissions varied from 2-880 SCFM. Compressor vents, leaky isolation valves, reciprocating engine exhaust, and equipment leaks were major sources, and substantial emissions were observed at both operating and standby compressor stations. The site-level methane emission rates were highly skewed; the highest emitting 10% of sites (including two superemitters) contributed 50% of the aggregate methane emissions, while the lowest emitting 50% of sites contributed less than 10% of the aggregate emissions. Excluding the two superemitters, study-average methane emissions from compressor housings and noncompressor sources are comparable to or lower than the corresponding effective emission factors used in the EPA greenhouse gas inventory. If the two superemitters are included in the analysis, then the average emission factors based on this study could exceed the EPA greenhouse gas inventory emission factors, which highlights the potentially important contribution of superemitters to national emissions. However, quantification of their influence requires knowledge of the magnitude and frequency of superemitters across the entire T&S sector. Only 38% of the methane emissions measured by the comprehensive onsite measurements were reportable under the new EPA GHGRP because of a combination of inaccurate emission factors for leakers and exhaust methane, and various exclusions. The bias is even larger if one accounts for the superemitters, which were not captured by the onsite measurements. The magnitude of the bias varied from site to site by site type and operating state. Therefore, while the GHGRP is a valuable new source of emissions information, care must be taken when incorporating these data into emission inventories. The value of the GHGRP can be increased by requiring more direct measurements of emissions (as opposed to using counts and emission factors), eliminating exclusions such as rod-packing vents on pressurized reciprocating compressors in standby mode under Subpart-W, and using more appropriate emission factors for exhaust methane from reciprocating engines under Subpart-C.
Fall in Rectal Temperature as an Indication of Anaphylactic Shock in the Mouse (1955)

Summary A fall in rectal temperature regularly accompanies anaphylactic shock produced by the intraperitoneal injection of horse serum into horse serum-sensitized mice. The dose of horse serum which lowered the temperature of sensitized mice did not cause a drop in the temperature of non-sensitized control animals. Much larger doses of horse serum also had little effect on the rectal temperature of non-sensitized mice. The advantages to be derived from the use of thermal measurements in anaphylaxis are discussed.
The Mixed Anionic Framework in the Structure of Na<sub>2</sub>{MnF[PO<sub>4</sub>]} (1997)

In the crystal structure of hydrothermally synthesized sodium manganese fluoride orthophosphate, Na2{MnF[PO4]}, two kind of cis-MnO4F2 octahedra share common vertices to form (Mn2F2O8) chains parallel to the b axis of the monoclinic unit cell. In the a and c directions these chains are linked by PO4 tetrahedra to form a three-dimensional framework of octahedra and tetrahedra. Na+ cations are located in the channels of this framework structure. The problem of {OTX5} mixed anionic radical polymorphism is discussed.
Unexpected Hematologic Effects of Biotherapeutics in Nonclinical Species and in Humans (2013)

Biotherapeutics are expanding the arsenal of therapeutics available for treating and preventing disease. Although initially thought to have limited side effects due to the specificity of their binding, these drugs have now been shown to have potential for adverse drug reactions including effects on peripheral blood cell counts or function. Hematotoxicity caused by a biotherapeutic can be directly related to the activity of the biotherapeutic or can be indirect and due to autoimmunity, biological cascades, antidrug antibodies, or other immune system responses. Biotherapeutics can cause hematotoxicity primarily as a result of cellular activation, cytotoxicity, drug-dependent and independent immune responses, and sequelae from initiating cytokine and complement cascades. The underlying pathogenesis of biotherapeutic-induced hematotoxicity often is poorly understood. Nonclinical studies have generally predicted clinical hematotoxicity for recombinant cytokines and growth factors. However, most hematologic liabilities of biotherapeutics are not based on drug class but are species specific, immune-mediated, and of low incidence. Despite the potential for unexpected hematologic toxicity, the risk-benefit profile of most biotherapeutics is favorable; hematologic effects are readily monitorable and managed by dose modification, drug withdrawal, and/or therapeutic intervention. This article reviews examples of biotherapeutics that have unexpected hematotoxicity in nonclinical or clinical studies.
Diffusion, diffraction and reflection in semiconductor o.b. devices (1984)

Abstract For reasons of speed and economy, applications of optical bistability are likely to concentrate on solid-state devices of small volume. In this paper we discuss the modelling and optimization of such devices. We report calculations of surface reflectivity optimization in the presence of absorption, and show that optical bistability in reflection offers significant advantages over transmission. Small transverse dimensions, i.e. dense packing, are limited by cross-talk between neighbouring devices. We show that diffraction and diffusion give rise to qualitatively similar effects