gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary immune responses to human CMV: a critical role for IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T cells in protection against CMV disease (2003)

The correlates of protective immunity to disease-inducing viruses in humans remain to be elucidated. We determined the kinetics and characteristics of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the course of primary CMV infection in asymptomatic and symptomatic recipients of renal transplants. Specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody responses developed regardless of clinical signs. CD45RA(-)CD27(+)CCR7(-) CTLs, although classified as immature effector cells in HIV infection, were the predominant CD8 effector population in the acute phase of protective immune reactions to CMV and were functionally competent. Whereas in asymptomatic individuals the CMV-specific CD4(+) T-cell response preceded CMV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, in symptomatic individuals the CMV-specific effector-memory CD4(+) T-cell response was delayed and only detectable after antiviral therapy. The appearance of disease symptoms in these patients suggests that functional CD8(+) T-cell and antibody responses are insufficient to control viral replication and that formation of effector-memory CD4(+) T cells is necessary for recovery of infection.
Dynamics of the single barrier heterostructure hot electron diode (1997)

The dynamics of the bistable and oscillatory behavior of a heterostructure hot electron diode is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Monte Carlo simulations are performed accounting for the scattering to subsidiary conduction band valleys of GaAs and AlGaAs. S-shaped current-voltage characteristics and self-sustained current oscillations in an external cavity are obtained in good agreement between theory and experiment.
Biochemical comparison of four commercially available <scp>C</scp>1 esterase inhibitor concentrates for treatment of hereditary angioedema (2014)

Ruconest has a very high purity profile but is not identical to the human C1-INH protein. Of the plasma-derived products, Berinert has the highest purity profile. The impact of the nontherapeutic proteins identified has not yet been evaluated. For harmonization of the analysis for drug release, we recommend the establishment of regulatory requirements for purity determination and the implementation of threshold levels in C1-INH concentrates.
Emissions Optimisation by Camshaft Profile Switching (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">High engine efficiency and low emissions on spark ignition engines can be achieved with a new camshaft profile switching device. This enables the use of two camshaft profiles for inlet and exhaust that can be switched independent of each other by any engine management input.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper proposes the use of this device to give an excellent torque curve together with reduced emissions, by selecting from two discrete inlet and exhaust camshaft profiles and timings against engine parameters such as speed, load and temperature.</div>
2015년 춘계학술대회 발표논문 : 사전투표에 의한 주주의 의결권행사 -필요성, 가능성, 규율의 법리를 중심으로- (2015)

이 논문은 주주의 의결권 행사방식으로서의 사전투표에 관하여 그 필요성, 가능성, 적법하게 실시하기 위하여 갖추어야 할 요건을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 사전투표에 관한 회사법적 관점에서의 연구는 국내외적으로 전무하다시피하다. 실제 주주총회에서 이를 이용하는 사례가 많지 않으나, 그 활용가능성은 잠재적으로 존재한다고 본다. 연구의 목표는 사전투표에 대한 규율의 법리를 발굴하여 제시하는 것에 있다. 주로 아래와 같은 내용을 다루었다. (1) 주주총회에서의 의결권행사의 방법으로 사전투표의 개념을 제시하고 의결권행사의 통상적 방식ㆍ서면투표ㆍ전자투표 등 기존 제도와 비교하여 그 특징과 차별성, 그리고 유사성을 규명하고자 하였다. (2) 사전투표의 필요성 여부를 판단하기 위하여 그 효용과 문제점을 비교분석하였다. 그 분석의 결과, 사전투표에 의한 총회참석상의 편의제고 등의 긍정적 효과가 비용과 관리상 부담 등과 같은 부정적 효과를 능가하고, 상법에 규정되어 있는 다른 대안적 의결권행사방식이 갖지 못한 안전성과 신뢰성이라는 장점을 가지고 있어 그 독자적 활용가능성이 있다는 결론을 도출하였다. (3) 사전투표가 명시적인 법적 근거가 없음에도 현행법상 가능하다는 것을 논증하기 위하여 그 법리적 근거가 무엇인지를 분석하고, 상법의 기존 규정과의 상충가능성이 없음을 논증하고자 하였다. (4) 이상의 논의를 바탕으로 사전투표가 적법하게 실시되기 위한 요건을 구체적으로 제시하고자 하였다. 이러한 적법성요건에 있어서 총회일전의 의결권행사에 해당하는 서면투표ㆍ전자투표에 관하여 개발되어 있는 규율의 법리를 사전투표에 대하여 적용할 수 있는지를 검토하는 한편, 이들과는 달리 출석투표에 해당하는 사전투표에 특유한 규율의 법리를 발굴하고자 하였다. 그밖에 사전투표를 실시하기 위하여 필요한 입법적 과제 및 운영상 보완되어야 할 과제 등을 다루었다.
Relieving DELLA Restraint (2003)

Uncovering the involvement of DoDELLA1-interacting proteins in development by characterizing the DoDELLA gene family in Dendrobium officinale,
On the Upper Bound of the Size of the R-Cover-Free Families (2005)

Abstract Let T(r, n) denote the maximum number of subsets of an n-set satisfying the condition in the title. It is proved in a purely combinatorial way that for n sufficiently large log 2 T(r,n) n ⩽8. log 2 r r 2 holds.
Research of Joining Brittle Nonmetallic Materials with an Active Solder (2014)

This paper deals with soldering high-purity brittle, nonmetallic materials such as SiO 2 , Si, and C (graphite). However, these materials exert poor wettability when using tin solder. Therefore, to reduce the wetting angle, an Sn solder alloyed with active Ti element was used. At a soldering temperature of 860°C and 15 min soldering time, the wetting angle on SiO 2 ceramics was 30°, on silicon 42°, and on graphite 52°. All these wetting angles are below 90° and are acceptable for soldering. It has been shown that the bond in all joined materials (SiO 2 , Si, and C) was of a diffusion character. New intermetallic products were formed on the boundary with nonmetal, thus allowing bond formation. The shear strength of SiO 2 ceramics attained an average value of 17 MPa.
A unified method for 2-D and 3-D refraction statics (1998)

Abstract Most of the seismic data processing procedures are divided into 2-D, 2.5-D, crooked lines or 3-D versions dictated by the differences in the shot and receiver configurations. In this paper, we introduce a tomographic approach that overcomes these geometrical difficulties and provides stable statics solutions from picked first-break times. We also show that the first-break picks contain both the short and the long wavelength surface statics. The solutions are obtained by solving a set of generalized surface-consistent delay-time equations using the method of weighted least squares and conjugate gradient. While iterating, each first-break pick is evaluated to ensure its consistency with the least-squares solution. Based on consistency, we weight the traveltime picks and use them in the next iteration. These weights also serve as an indicator of anomalous picks to the user. We show that long wavelength solutions leave large residual errors in the least-squares solutions. We also use the expected length of the Fresnel zone to differentiate between short and long wavelength static solutions. After removing the influence of long wavelength statics, we apply short wavelength statics to reduce the residual errors further. We demonstrate the validity of our unified method by applying it to actual data examples. The removal of both long and short wavelength statics improves the initial data set that produces a more consistent set of velocities and leaves only the short wavelength residual reflection statics, which are generally less than quarter wavelet period delays. This removes the most probable cause of the leg jump contamination and poor velocity estimates from the residual statics computations, especially from the 3-D data.
Cytokine Gene Expression in Human LPS- and IFNγ-stimulated Mononuclear Cells Is Inhibited by Heparin (1998)

In addition to its well-understood anticoagulant activity, heparin is known to modulate a variety of biological functions including immunologic responses. In order to investigate whether heparin influences the humoral immunity by interacting with cellular elements and affecting gene expression in blood circulating cells. we studied the effect of heparin on IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha mRNAs in human lipopolysaccharide-(LPS)- or interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma)-stimulated mononuclear cells. The study of mRNA was carried out by an initial PCR screening followed by a Northern blot quantitative analysis. Heparin (0.5 U/ml) turned out to inhibit all three cytokine gene expressions. The mRNA decrease was 37 +/- 6% for IL-1beta, 53 +/- 3% for IL-6 and 47 +/- 4% for TNFalpha with LPS stimulus. No differences could be observed in the inhibitory effect of heparin on IFNgamma-stimulated cells. This effect of heparin was confirmed in a subset of experiments performed on purified monocytes. These results suggest an important immunosuppressive effect of heparin on cell-mediated immune responses.
Random number generation without multiplication (1990)

A family of random number generators based onmultistage sigma-delta modulation is presented. These generators require only addition and comparison operations and hence are potentially more efficient than multiplicative generators. On the basis of the complexity and performance of the generators, it is suggested that the fourth-order generator is a good source for random number sequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel cDNA from Parthenium argentatum Gray enhances the rubber biosynthetic activity in vitro* (2004)

Natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) is an isoprenoid compound produced exclusively in plants by the action of rubber transferase. Despite a keen interest in revealing the mechanisms of rubber chain elongation and chain length determination, the molecular nature of rubber transferase has not yet been identified. A recent report has revealed that a 24 kDa protein tightly associated with the small rubber particles of Hevea brasiliensis, therefore designated small rubber particle protein (SRPP), plays a positive role in rubber biosynthesis. Since guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) produces natural rubber similar in size to H. brasiliensis, it is of critical interest to investigate whether guayule contains a similar protein to the SRPP. A cDNA clone has been isolated in guayule that shares a sequence homology with the SRPP, thus designated guayule homologue of SRPP (GHS), and the catalytic function of the protein was characterized. Sequence analysis revealed that the GHS is highly homologous in several conserved regions to the SRPP (50% identity). In vitro functional analysis of the recombinant protein overexpressed in E. coli revealed that the GHS plays a positive role in isopentenyl diphosphate incorporation into high molecular weight rubbers as SRPP does. These results indicate that guayule and Hevea rubber trees contain a protein that is similar in its amino acid sequence and plays a role in isopentenyl diphosphate incorporation in vitro, implying that it contributes to the enhancement of rubber biosynthetic activity in rubber trees.
Preparation of and Fluoroalkylation with (Chlorodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane, Difluorobis(trimethylsilyl)methane, and 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)ethane (1997)

CF2BrCl reacts with aluminum/N-methylpyrrolidinone in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane to give Me3SiCF2Cl in high yield. Similarly, CF2Br2 gives Me3SiCF2Br with bromotrimethylsilane. Chlorodifluoromethylation of aldehydes using Me3SiCF2Cl and a catalytic amount of TBAF in polar solvents occurs at room temperature, providing difluoromethylated alcohols in two steps. Electroreduction of Me3SiCF2Cl in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane gives Me3SiCF2SiMe3 (anion-derived product) and Me3SiCF2CF2SiMe3 (radical-derived product). Using THF/HMPA strongly favors the former, whereas THF/TDA-1 (tris(3,6-dioxaheptyl)amine) the latter. Me3SiCF2SiMe3 difluoromethylates aldehydes acting as a difluoromethylene dianion (“CF22-” equivalent), whereas Me3SiCF2CF2SiMe3 acts at room temperature as an in situ source for the perfluorovinyl anion (due to β-elimination of fluorotrimethylsilane). However, at low temperature the elimination pathway is suppressed and tetrafluoroethylene dianion (“-CF2CF2-” equivalent) behavior is observed. The structure of Me3SiCF2CF2SiMe3 was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. All of the studied fluoroalkylating reagents are moisture- and air-stable and can be readily obtained from a single convenient precursor (CF2BrCl).
Effect of tetrandrine on free intracellular calcium in cultured calf basilar artery smooth muscle cells. (2002)

Tet inhibited the Ca2+ influx from the extracellular site via voltage-activated Ca2+ channel and PE-receptor-operated Ca2+ channel. At a high concentration, Tet may inhibit the Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) or refilling of intracellular calcium store in cerebral artery smooth muscle cells.
Association of genetic variants of GRIN2B with autism (2015)

Autism (MIM 209850) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication impairments and restricted repetitive behaviors. It has a high heritability, although much remains unclear. To evaluate genetic variants of GRIN2B in autism etiology, we performed a system association study of common and rare variants of GRIN2B and autism in cohorts from a Chinese population, involving a total sample of 1,945 subjects. Meta-analysis of a triad family cohort and a case-control cohort identified significant associations of multiple common variants and autism risk (Pmin = 1.73 × 10(-4)). Significantly, the haplotype involved with the top common variants also showed significant association (P = 1.78 × 10(-6)). Sanger sequencing of 275 probands from a triad cohort identified several variants in coding regions, including four common variants and seven rare variants. Two of the common coding variants were located in the autism-related linkage disequilibrium (LD) block, and both were significantly associated with autism (P < 9 × 10(-3)) using an independent control cohort. Burden analysis and case-only analysis of rare coding variants identified by Sanger sequencing did not find this association. Our study for the first time reveals that common variants and related haplotypes of GRIN2B are associated with autism risk.
Bulk Metallic Glasses (2013)

Stronger than steels but able to be shaped and molded like plastics, bulk metallic glasses are the quintessential engineering materials.
C1 Inhibitor-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="true">¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mtext>s</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>Complexes Are Internalized and Degraded by the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (1997)

Like other serpin-enzyme complexes (SECs), proteinase-complexed C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) is rapidly cleared from the circulation and thought to be a neutrophil chemoattractant, suggesting that complex formation causes structural rearrangements exposing a domain which is recognized by specific cell surface receptors. However, the cellular receptor(s) responsible for the catabolism and potential mediation of chemotaxis by C1-INH-protease complexes remained obscure. To determine whether the SEC receptor mediates the binding and potential chemotaxis of C1-INH.Cs, we performed binding assays with HepG2 cells, neutrophils, and monocytes, and the results show that C1-INH.Cs neither bind to these cells nor cause a chemotactic response of neutrophils and monocytes. Furthermore, C1-INH.Cs, the COOH-terminal C1 inhibitor peptide, or the tetrameric C1-INH.Cs.Cr. C1-INH complex were found to be significantly less effective in competing with the SEC receptor ligand 125I-peptide 105Y for the binding to HepG2 cells than unlabeled 105Y, indicating that the SEC receptor does not sufficiently recognize C1-INH-protease complexes. The asialoglycoprotein receptor was also ruled out to be responsible for the removal of the heavily glycosylated C1-INH.Cs complex, since asialoorosomucoid did not compete for the clearance of C1-INH. 125I-Cs and asialoglycoprotein receptor knockout mice showed no alterations in the C1-INH.125I-Cs clearance rate. We found that C1-INH.125I-Cs complexes were efficiently degraded by normal murine fibroblasts expressing the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and cellular degradation was significantly reduced by chloroquine and the receptor-associated protein, which is a potent inhibitor of the binding of all known ligands to LRP. Moreover, receptor-associated protein inhibited the in vivo clearance of C1-INH.125I-Cs and murine fibroblasts genetically deficient for LRP did not degrade C1-INH.125I-Cs. Our results demonstrate that C1-INH. Cs complexes do not stimulate neutrophil or monocytic chemotaxis but are removed by LRP, further underscoring its role as a serpin-enzyme complex clearance receptor.
Reduction of the Inflammatory Responses against Alginate-Poly-L-Lysine Microcapsules by Anti-Biofouling Surfaces of PEG-b-PLL Diblock Copolymers (2014)

Large-scale application of alginate-poly-L-lysine (alginate-PLL) capsules used for microencapsulation of living cells is hampered by varying degrees of success, caused by tissue responses against the capsules in the host. A major cause is proinflammatory PLL which is applied at the surface to provide semipermeable properties and immunoprotection. In this study, we investigated whether application of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lysine hydrochloride) diblock copolymers (PEG-b-PLL) can reduce the responses against PLL on alginate-matrices. The application of PEG-b-PLL was studied in two manners: (i) as a substitute for PLL or (ii) as an anti-biofouling layer on top of a proinflammatory, but immunoprotective, semipermeable alginate-PLL100 membrane. Transmission FTIR was applied to monitor the binding of PEG-b-PLL. When applied as a substitute for PLL, strong host responses in mice were observed. These responses were caused by insufficient binding of the PLL block of the diblock copolymers confirmed by FTIR. When PEG-b-PLL was applied as an anti-biofouling layer on top of PLL100 the responses in mice were severely reduced. Building an effective anti-biofouling layer required 50 hours as confirmed by FTIR, immunocytochemistry and XPS. Our study provides new insight in the binding requirements of polyamino acids necessary to provide an immunoprotective membrane. Furthermore, we present a relatively simple method to mask proinflammatory components on the surface of microcapsules to reduce host responses. Finally, but most importantly, our study illustrates the importance of combining physicochemical and biological methods to understand the complex interactions at the capsules' surface that determine the success or failure of microcapsules applicable for cell-encapsulation.
Crystal structure of the effector‐binding domain of the trehalose‐repressor of <i>escherichia coli</i>, a member of the LacI family, in its complexes with inducer trehalose‐6‐phosphate and noninducer trehalose (1998)

The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli trehalose repressor (TreR) in a complex with its inducer trehalose-6-phosphate was determined by the method of multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR) at 2.5 A resolution, followed by the structure determination of TreR in a complex with its noninducer trehalose at 3.1 A resolution. The model consists of residues 61 to 315 comprising the effector binding domain, which forms a dimer as in other members of the LacI family. This domain is composed of two similar subdomains each consisting of a central beta-sheet sandwiched between alpha-helices. The effector binding pocket is at the interface of these subdomains. In spite of different physiological functions, the crystal structures of the two complexes of TreR turned out to be virtually identical to each other with the conformation being similar to those of the effector binding domains of the LacI and PurR in complex with their effector molecules. According to the crystal structure, the noninducer trehalose binds to a similar site as the trehalose portion of trehalose-6-phosphate. The binding affinity for the former is lower than for the latter. The noninducer trehalose thus binds competitively to the repressor. Unlike the phosphorylated inducer molecule, it is incapable of blocking the binding of the repressor headpiece to its operator DNA. The ratio of the concentrations of trehalose-6-phosphate and trehalose thus is used to switch between the two alternative metabolic uses of trehalose as an osmoprotectant and as a carbon source.
The amine‐donor substrate specificity of tissue‐type transglutaminase (1994)

The amine-donor substrate specificity of tissue-type transglutaminase has been studied in a series of recombinant alpha A-crystallin mutants. These mutant proteins have been provided with a potential substrate lysine residue, flanked by different amino acid residues, in the C-terminal extended arm of alpha A-crystallin. A biotinylated amine-acceptor hexapeptide was used as a probe for labelling the amine-donor sites. Wild-type bovine alpha A-crystallin does not function as an amine-donor substrate for tissue-type transglutaminase. Yet, upon introduction of a lysine residue at the C-terminal or penultimate position, all mutant alpha A-crystallins act as amine-donor substrates, although to different extents. This shows that accessibility is the primary requirement for a lysine residue to function as an amine-donor substrate for transglutaminase and that the enzyme has a broad tolerance towards the neighbouring residues. However, the nature of the flanking amino acid residues does clearly affect the reactivity of the substrate lysine residue. Notably, we found that a proline or glycine residue in front of the substrate lysine has a strong adverse effect on the substrate reactivity as compared to a preceding leucine, serine, alanine or arginine residue.
Feedback Control Systems for Micropositioning Tasks With Hysteresis Compensation (2004)

This paper proposes the analysis of a control loop system employing a Terfenol-D actuator driving a real mechanical load. The aim of the paper is to analyze the performances of such a system when a strategy of hysteresis compensation is employed. Such strategy has demonstrated its effectiveness in simpler feedback systems (with no mechanical load) by improving the tracking error, decreasing the control signal so as to avoid saturation and harmful stress to the actuator. As a consequence, the algorithm allows also to reduce energy losses in the actuator.
A method to approximate a closest loadability limit using multiple load flow solutions (1997)

A new method is proposed to approximate a closest loadability limit (CLL), or closest saddle node bifurcation point for power systems, using a pair of multiple load flow solutions. More strictly, the obtainable points by the method are the stationary points including not only CLL but also farthest and saddle points. An operating solution and a low voltage load flow solution are used to efficiently estimate the node injections at a CLL as well as the left and right eigenvectors corresponding to the zero eigenvalue of the load flow Jacobian. They can be used in monitoring loadability margin, in identification of weak spots in a power system and in the examination of an optimal control against voltage collapse. Most of the computation time of the proposed method is taken in calculating the load flow solution pair. The remaining computation time is less than that of an ordinary load flow.
A computer scientist's introductory guide to business process management (BPM) (2009)

Computers play an integral part in designing, modelling, optimising and managing business processes within and across companies. While Business Process Management (BPM), Workflow Management (WfM) and Business Process Reengineering (BPR) have been IT-related disciplines with a history of about three decades, there is still a lack of publications clarifying definitions and scope of basic BPM terminologies like business process, BPM versus WfM, workflow, BPR, etc. Such a myriad of similar-sounding terminologies can be overwhelming for computer scientists and computer science students who may wish to venture into this area of research. This guide aims to address this gap by providing a high level overview of the key concepts, rationale, features and the developments of BPM.