gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Aldehyde Building Blocks Protected as Acid Labile <i>N</i>-Boc <i>N</i>,<i>O</i>-Acetals:  Toward Combinatorial Solid Phase Synthesis of Novel Peptide Isosteres (2000)

The synthesis of (RS)-3'-tert-butoxycarbonyl-perhydro-1', 3'-oxazine-2'-yl acetic acid and the syntheses of the simple and C-2 substituted 3'-tert-butoxycarbonyl-perhydro-1',3'-oxazine-2'(RS)-yl propionic acids from simple starting materials are presented. The simple compounds were prepared from 1,3-propanediol and 1, 4-butanediol, respectively, via a short series of facile steps, in 70% overall yield in both cases. For the syntheses of the C-2 substituted compounds of the longer homologue, (RS)-3'-tert-butoxycarbonyl-perhydro-1',3'-oxazine-2'-yl propionic acid, a malonic ester route was selected, thus allowing easy incorporation of various side chains. The stability of the novel aldehyde protection group, the N-Boc N,O-acetal moiety, under various acidic conditions was investigated, and it was found to cleanly and rapidly yield the aldehyde under strong acidic conditions or, if desired, slower under less harsh conditions. As a demonstration of the use of the building blocks, one building block was coupled to a solid support and, after unmasking of the aldehyde, submitted to three different types of nucleophilic reactions (Pictet-Spengler condensation, reductive amination, Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination) followed by further chemical modification, and the identity of the structures were verified after cleavage from the resin.
Quantitative SERRS immunoassay for the detection of human PSA (2009)

We report the first use of a commonly used ELISA colorimetric substrate as a SERRS marker and show how it can be used for the detection of pg ml(-1) levels of human prostate specific antigen (PSA) in clinical samples. The technique is amenable over a wide range of concentrations and lends itself to future multiplexing analysis.
전문대학 3년제 유아교육과 교직 교육과정에 관한 연구: 편성실태 분석을 중심으로 (2010)

본 연구는 전문대학 3년제 유아교육과의 교직 교육과정 편성 실태를 파악하고, 이에 따른 문제점을 해결하기 위한 교육과정 표준(안)의 구안을 통해 유치원 교사 양성교육의 질적인 제고를 기하기 위한 목적을 가지고 있다. 설정된 연구문제는 2009학년도를 기준으로 크게 강화되는 교직 교육과정에 나타난 교직과목의 편성실태가 어떠한 지를 알아보기 위한 것으로, 이를 위해 전국의 22개 3년제 유아교육과 교육과정표를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 교직과목은 전체 교과목 중 18.95%를 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 교직 이론과목의 경우에는 계열성에 비추어 학년별 배치가 적절해야 하고, 새롭게 도입된 교직 소양과목은 교육실습에 도움이 되는 역할 수행이 요구되고 있으며, 교직 실습과목은 신설과목인 교육봉사활동의 정체성에 대한 논의가 필요하다고 하겠다.
Pharmacologic and clinical considerations in selecting crystalloid, colloidal, and oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids, Part 1. (1993)

The pharmacologic properties of crystalloid, colloidal, and oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids are described, and the findings of clinical trials of these solutions are discussed. Fluid administration is a fundamental part of resuscitation therapy. Crystalloid solutions supply water and sodium to maintain the osmotic gradient between the extravascular and intravascular compartments. Examples are lactated Ringer's injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Colloidal solutions, such as those containing albumin, dextrans, or starches, increase the plasma oncotic pressure and effectively move fluid from the interstitial compartment to the plasma compartment. Oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids, such as whole blood and artificial hemoglobin solutions, not only increase plasma volume but improve tissue oxygenation. Clinically, colloidal solutions are generally superior to crystalloids in their ability to expand plasma volume. However, colloids may impair coagulation, interfere with organ function, and cause anaphylactoid reactions. Crystalloid solutions represent the least expensive option and are less likely to promote bleeding, but they are more likely to cause edema because larger volumes are needed. Favorable experience with inexpensive hypertonic crystalloids with improved plasma volume expansion properties may favor a return to resuscitation with crystalloid solutions. Oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids are indicated when the patient has lost more than 25% of the total blood volume. Tailoring therapy to the individual patient and close monitoring are essential to safe and effective fluid resuscitation.
Effects of the novel dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor SK&F 102698 on catecholamines and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1988)

The novel dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) inhibitor SK&F 102698 was characterized in vitro with soluble enzyme from bovine adrenal medulla and in vivo by measuring the dopamine/norepinephrine (DA/NE) ratio in the mesenteric artery, heart and brains of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SK&F 102698 was a potent D beta H inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.2 microM on crude enzyme and had a Ki value of 40 nM on purified enzyme. SK&F 102698 produced a dose-dependent fall in NE and a dose-dependent increase in DA in the vasculature of SHR after p.o. administration. Elevation of the vascular DA/NE ratio was observed within 0.5 hr after administration. Peak effects were observed at 12 hr and values were still significantly increased at 18 hr. The rise in the DA/NE ratio of the blood vessels correlated with the fall in blood pressure following the first 4 hr after SK&F 102698. SK&F 102698 inhibited SHR heart D beta H and elevated the myocardial DA/NE ratio approximately 2.4-fold. SK&F 102698 also caused a dose-dependent increase in the whole brain DA/NE ratio of SHR. Catecholamine levels were also studied in six discrete brain regions and SK&F 102698 produced the greatest increase in the DA/NE ratio in the cerebellum, brain stem and midbrain regions, whereas the striatum was the region least affected. No overt sedation was observed in the rats. Further study with SK&F 102698 is warranted to better explore the role of DA and D beta H in pathophysiology, and to determine whether this drug or a congener D beta H inhibitor will be a useful therapeutic agent in humans.
Optimal Holding Period for Assets That Must Be Liquidated (1995)

Consumers ojien invest with a spec$c goal in mind and often know with some precision when the investment proceeds will be needed to achieve that goal. Because different investors have different attitudes toward risk and because different asset types exhibit difSerent risk characteristics, there is often confusion as to the appropriate investment asset for a particular investor with a known investment horizon. It is also frequently unclear as to whether investments should be switched to a less risky asset as time to liquidation becomes short. This paper addresses the issues of initial asset choice and the advisability of switching among assets when the investment goal date is known, employ- ing the methodology of certaimy equivalent wealth. In addition to suggesting optimal investment strategies for individuals based upon holding period and degree of risk aversion, it shows that switching investment assets produces suboptimal results.
Faithful and efficient translation of homologous and heterologous mRNAs in an mRNA-dependent cell-free system from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1980)

A cell-free protein synthesizing system from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been optimized for the translation of both homologous yeast mRNA and for a number of heterologous eukaryotic mRNAs. A significant increase in protein synthesis was observed when K(OAc) rather than KCl was used as the source of K+ in the in vitro translation system. This was due primarily to an inhibitory effect oif Cl-. The polyamine putrescine hydrochloride stimulated protein synthesis only at low Mg2+ concentrations. Protein synthesis directed by both yeast mRNA and several eukaryotic mRNAs examined in the system was sensitive to the mRNA 5'-cap analogue, 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate. One-dimensional and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analysis of polypeptides synthesized in response to yeast polysomal RNA demonstrated faithful translation in vitro. Translational control and post-translational modifications appear to operate normally in vitro. RNA from several eukaryotic viruses (brome mosaic virus, turnip yellow mosaic virus, and tobacco mosaic virus) were found to be faithfully translated in vitro yielding discrete polypeptides. Reticulocyte polysomal RNA directed the synthesis of a single protein that co-migrated with rabbit globin. The prokaryotic RNAs of Q beta and MS2 were translated with a very low efficiency. The yeast cell-free system programmed with yeast polysomal RNA provides an excellent model for the study of translational control in a eukaryote.
Role of endogenous IL-10 in LPS-induced STAT3 activation and IL-1 receptor antagonist gene expression (2004)

The regulation of secretory interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1Ra) in response to IL-10 is unique. In contrast to most cytokines, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of the sIL-1Ra gene is enhanced by concomitant treatment with IL-10. Cotreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with IL-10 + LPS resulted in at least a twofold increase in sIL-1Ra promoter activity and mRNA expression compared with LPS alone; IL-10 alone had no effect on promoter activity or mRNA expression. Examination of sIL-1Ra mRNA expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) resulted in identical results. Transfection of RAW 264.7 cells with the sIL-1Ra/luc reporter and a dominant-negative signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 (Y705A) expression plasmid inhibited the enhanced response induced by exogenous IL-10 in the presence of LPS. The presence of a functional STAT3-binding site within the proximal sIL-1Ra promoter was demonstrated. As IL-10 is produced by LPS-stimulated macrophages, a role for endogenously produced IL-10 in the response of the sIL-1Ra gene to LPS was suggested. This was confirmed in IL-10-deficient BMDM, which when compared with normal BMDM, had significantly decreased LPS-induced sIL-1Ra mRNA levels that could be restored by exogenously provided IL-10, which induced a fivefold increase of LPS-induced IL-1Ra mRNA in cells from IL-10-/- BMDM. Western blot analysis of phosphorylated STAT3 from wild-type and IL-10-/- BMDM and IL-10 neutralization experiments demonstrated a role for endogenously produced IL-10 in the LPS-induced STAT3 activity. Together, these results demonstrate that endogenously produced IL-10 plays a significant role in LPS-induced sIL-1Ra gene expression via the activation of STAT3.
Space suits and life support systems for the exploration of Mars (1992)

The requirements and technologies needed for space suits to be used for the manned exploration of Mars are examined. Alternative concepts are proposed for both the space suit and the portable life support system (collectively called the Extravehicular Mobility Unit, or EMU) needed for Mars exploration. EMU system requirements are outlined. It is pointed out that the most fundamental difference between a Mars EMU and those that preceded it is that the design of a Mars EMU must be driven by science and permanent habitability requirements, while all prior EMU designs have been driven by engineering requirements. The EMU weight issues are discussed, and the system mass and mobility concerns are addressed, along with the backpack-to-body-weight ratio. The challenges of thermal and cosmic radiation protection, micrometeorite protection, and EMU system and crew heat rejection are dealt with briefly, as well as the physiological issues of pressure regulation and bacterial or contaminant isolation. A mathematical model is then presented for evaluation of candidate EMU designs and for concept optimization and selection. Lead technology issues are also discussed.
Evaluation of science and technology policy in Ireland (1995)

The concept of a national system of innovation has been wholeheartedly embraced in a recently published official report on science, technology and innovation in Ireland. The mechanisms for science and technology policy evaluation, particularly at programme level, contribute to, as well as fall under the scrutiny of, this broad review. This intimate association between different levels of evaluation and the development of the national system of innovation is evidence of co-evolution of the two systems. Following discussion of salient events in the development of the Irish national system of innovation, this paper examines recent and current actors, structures and activities in publicly funded evaluation of science and technology policy and programmes in Ireland. It aims to bring into sharp focus the most important and unique features of Irish evaluation activities and to ascertain the extent to which a national system of evaluation can be seen to be developing. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Resonant Oscillators with Carbon-Nanotube Torsion Springs (2004)

We report on the characterization of nanometer-scale resonators. Each device incorporates one multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) as a torsional spring. The devices are actuated electrostatically, and their deflections, both low frequency and on resonance, are detected optically. These are some of the smallest electromechanical devices ever created and are a demonstration of practical integrated MWNT-based oscillators. The results also show surprising intershell mechanical coupling behavior in the MWNTs.
Fabrication and Analysis of High-Performance Integrated Solenoid Inductor With Magnetic Core (2008)

Integrated solenoid inductors with magnetic core were fabricated and analyzed. An inductance above 70 nH was achieved while keeping the coil resistance below 1 Omega and the device area below 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using a solenoid design with a single magnetic layer. The inductance of the magnetic inductor was more than 30 times that of the air core inductor of the identical geometry, and the quality factor of the magnetic inductor was >5. Novel inductor designs and the scalability were also examined, and an inductance density higher than 200 nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was obtained. The measured device properties and engineering tradeoffs were well explained by analytical models we developed.
Coverage enhancement methods for LMDS (2003)

The upper SHF and EHF radio bands (above about 20 GHz) offer abundant available bandwidth for access to metropolitan area networks by fixed broadband wireless access (FBWA) systems. However, these systems must withstand significant propagation impairments, especially shadowing by obstacles and rainfall attenuation. We describe the results of propagation measurements and modeling of coverage, and consequences for FBWA system design, notably antenna placement, use of repeaters, and diversity. High (> 90 percent) coverage generally requires line-of-sight placement, although some non-line-of-sight coverage is possible for short distance and with judicious use of repeaters and macrodiversity.
Novel Prenylated Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives from Piper saltuum (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel Prenylated Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives from Piper saltuumAnderson Maxwell and Dave RampersadCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1989, 52, 3, 614–618Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50063a022https://doi.org/10.1021/np50063a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Java memory model (2005)

This paper describes the new Java memory model, which has been revised as part of Java 5.0. The model specifies the legal behaviors for a multithreaded program; it defines the semantics of multithreaded Java programs and partially determines legal implementations of Java virtual machines and compilers.The new Java model provides a simple interface for correctly synchronized programs -- it guarantees sequential consistency to data-race-free programs. Its novel contribution is requiring that the behavior of incorrectly synchronized programs be bounded by a well defined notion of causality. The causality requirement is strong enough to respect the safety and security properties of Java and weak enough to allow standard compiler and hardware optimizations. To our knowledge, other models are either too weak because they do not provide for sufficient safety/security, or are too strong because they rely on a strong notion of data and control dependences that precludes some standard compiler transformations.Although the majority of what is currently done in compilers is legal, the new model introduces significant differences, and clearly defines the boundaries of legal transformations. For example, the commonly accepted definition for control dependence is incorrect for Java, and transformations based on it may be invalid.In addition to providing the official memory model for Java, we believe the model described here could prove to be a useful basis for other programming languages that currently lack well-defined models, such as C++ and C#.
Automated, Universal, and Mass-Producible Paper-Based Lateral Flow Biosensing Platform for High-Performance Point-of-Care Testing (2019)

Paper-based lateral flow assays (LFAs) are among the most widely used biosensing platforms for point-of-care testing (POCT). However, the conventional colloidal gold label of LFAs show low sensitivity and limited quantitative capacity. Alternatively, the use of enzyme/chemical reaction-based signal amplification with structural modifications has enhanced analytical capacity but requires multiple user interventions as a trade-off, increasing complexity, test imprecision, and time. These platforms are also difficult to manufacture, limiting their practical applications. In this study, within the current LFA production framework, we developed a highly sensitive, automated, universal, and manufacturable LFA biosensing platform by (i) incorporating gold nanoparticles into a polymer-networked peroxidase with an antibody as a new scheme for enhanced enzyme conjugation and (ii) integrating a mass-producible and time-programmable amplification part based on a water-swellable polymer for automating the sequential reactions in the immunoassay and signal amplification, without compromising performance, simplicity, and production feasibility. We applied this platform to evaluate cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a gold-standard biomarker for myocardial infarction diagnosis. Quantitative analysis of cTnI in clinical setting remains limited to the laboratory-based high-end and costly standard equipment. Coupled with an enzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescence method, this platform enables automated, cost-effective (0.66 USD per test), and high-performance testing of human cTnI in serum samples within 20 min with a detection range of 6 orders of magnitude, detection limit of 0.84 pg mL<sup>-1</sup> (595-fold higher than conventional cTnI-LFA), and a coefficient of variation of 2.9-8.5%, which are comparable to the standard equipment and acceptable for clinical use. Moreover, cTnI analysis results using clinical serum/plasma samples revealed a strong correlation (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.991) with contemporary standard equipment, demonstrating the practical application of this platform for high-performance POCT.
Multimethodology : the theory and practice of combining management science methodologies (1997)

Partial table of contents: Multi-paradigm Multimethodology (J. Mingers). PRACTICE OF MULTIMETHODOLOGY. Mixing Methods in Practice: A Transformation-Competence Perspective (R. Ormerod). One Size Doesn't Fit All: Reflections on Using Systems Techniques in an Operational Setting (J. Bentham). Status and Tendencies of Management Research: A Systems Oriented Perspective (M. Schwaninger). COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF MULTIMETHODOLOGY. Multimethodologies--The Knowledge Perspective (D. Skyrme). THEORY OF MULTIMETHODOLOGY. Mixing Methods: Developing Systemic Intervention (G. Midgley). Pluralism in Systems Thinking and Practice (M. Jackson). Towards Critical Pluralism (J. Mingers). Index.
Reading chest radiographs for pneumoconiosis by computer. (1975)

Computer programs for measuring simple pneumoconiosis in radiographs are described and assessed. The 36 films studied had been read by 11 skilled human observers and a 'radiological score' of pneumoconiotic severity was therefore available for each film. The computer assigns to each square grid of side 3-6 mm a measure which reflects the unevenness of the density distribution in that grid. The 'computed score' is defined as the mean diversity over all relevant grids in both lung fields. On the set of 36 films the correlation between radiological score and computed score was 0-88. By contrast, the correlation between the score assigned by a single observer and the average of the scores assigned by the other 10 was in the range 0-95 to 0-98. The program can use the computed score to classify a film into one of the four major International Labour Office (ILO) U/C categories, the success rate of this process being 80% compared with those quoted by other workers in the range 45%-65%. If the films used in this study be typical, then the program described may form the basis of an automatic method for measuring pneumoconiosis in epidemiological work.
Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with an oral gold compound (auranofin) (1986)

Twenty-three patients with severe longstanding discoid lupus erythematosus, unresponsive to conventional treatments, were treated with oral gold in a multicentre open study. Nineteen patients showed clinical improvement and in four of these there was complete resolution of lesions. Adverse reactions were generally mild and self limiting.
<title>High-repetition-rate solid state laser passive modulator</title> (1993)

Lithium fluoride crystal containing F<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> color centers (LiF:F<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) is a room temperature stable, with annealing temperature higher than 400 degree(s)C; long lifetime, over ten years; near IR, 0.8 micrometers to 1.2 micrometers saturable absorbing color centers crystal. It could be used to passively Q-switch or mode-lock solid state Nd doped laser systems. What is more, due to the better heat dissipating capability of this crystal compared to the saturable absorber dye sheet with cellulose acetate host, it could be used to passively Q-switch Nd laser systems up to 30 pps repetition rate without any forced cooling.
Understanding VLSI bit serial multipliers (1996)

The efficient design of bit serial multipliers is necessary in many applications areas as diverse as digital communications and the implementation of artificial neural networks. Because of these applications, bit serial architectures are a part of courses in computer arithmetic, very large scale integration (VLSI) architectures, and digital signal processing. Comprehensive descriptions for three bit serial algorithms for signed multiplication are presented. The primary difference among the three algorithms is in the recoding of the multipliers, Each bit serial multiplier is systematically derived from its equivalent parallel multiplier found in textbooks. Furthermore, complete CMOS layouts for the three multipliers are constructed, simulated, and compared.