gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo metabolism of the leukotriene receptor antagonist, 5-(2-dodecylphenyl)-4,6-dithianonanedioic acid (SK&F 102,081) in the guinea pig. (1987)

Both leukotrienes and their receptor antagonists possess substantial pharmacologic activity in in vitro systems, but their duration of action in vivo is extremely short. The exact mechanism of rapid inactivation of these lipids is unknown, but is likely due to metabolism. Therefore, the metabolic fate of a model antagonist 5-(2-dodecylphenyl)-4,6-dithianonanedioic acid (SK&F 102,081) was elucidated in anesthetized guinea pigs. Following iv administration of [14C]SK&F 102,081 (5 mg/kg), 85% of injected radioactivity was excreted in bile in 1 hr. Approximately 6% of the radioactivity in bile was associated with parent. At least 14 metabolites were present in bile, 2 of which accounted for almost 60% of the excreted radioactivity. Identification of biliary metabolites revealed that metabolism occurred by two major routes, omega-oxidation with subsequent beta-oxidation and acyl glucuronidation at approximately a 4:1 ratio. Since current structure-activity relationships suggest that omega-oxidation results in the loss of pharmacologic activity of SK&F 102,081, the rapid loss in pharmacologic activity observed in vivo may be due to rapid metabolism.
Implementation of trust model on CloudSim based on service parametric model (2015)

Cloud Computing has a lot of research emphasis in recent years and it offers a virtual agenda of resource allocation of. In such a purely dispersed environment, an entity has freedom to use pool of resources. Due to compassion and vivacity of data or facts, such objects wish to access their specific closed resources. The user/consumer assumes good quality of service from a reliable service provider. The service provider, on the other hand assumes the cloud resources to be safe and it permits them to be exploited by a reliable consumer. To accomplish this, it is essential to create trust between entities of cloud across the cloud. Trust facilitates users to select the best available service in a diverse cloud infrastructure. A trust model is introduced based on past authorizations and present competences of a cloud service provider. Trust value is calculated using three parameters i.e. capability, behavior and feedback. A trust model is proposed to implement this trust value in cloud environment. The research work determines that our proposed model achieves better results than the existing trust models.
Requirements for OO design environments (2002)

Successful development of complex software systems depends on an effective process supported by an appropriate and useful set of tools. Modern programming environments and rapid prototyping tools work well for individual developers working on projects of modest size. However, large group projects require a systematic approach to development and an integrated set of tools. A comprehensive toolset for OO development includes not only design and programming tools, but also reuse libraries and browsers, code generators, and tool frameworks. Today's computing environments for object-oriented development are still relatively immature. Existing OO analysis and design tools, programming environments for OO programming languages, and GUI builders for OO user interfaces must be more completely integrated with each other and with reuse mechanisms and environment frameworks. This paper presents some of the most important requirements for such environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces collagen IV gene expression in NIH-3T3 cells. (1993)

TGF-beta 1 induces collagen IV gene expression in both NIH-3T3 cells and normal rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK-49F cells). Further studies of cytokine-mediated transcriptional regulation of collagen IV, utilizing these cell lines, may provide important information regarding the role of extraglomerular matrix production in the progression of renal disease.
Metabolomics analysis of soy hydrolysates for the identification of productivity markers of mammalian cells for manufacturing therapeutic proteins (2015)

Soy hydrolysates are widely used as a nutrient supplement in mammalian cell culture for the production of recombinant proteins. The batch-to-batch variability of a soy hydrolysate often leads to productivity differences. This report describes our metabolomics platform, which includes a battery of LC-MS/MS modes of operation, and advanced data analysis software for automated data processing. The platform was successfully used for screening productivity markers in soy hydrolysates during the production of two therapeutic antibodies in two Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. A total of 123 soy hydrolysate batches were analyzed, from which 62 batches were used in the production runs of cell line #1 and 12 batches were used in the production runs of cell line #2. For cell line #1, out of 19 amino acids, 106 other metabolites and 4,131 peptides identified in the soy hydrolysate batches being used, several nucleosides and short hydrophobic peptides showed negative correlation with antibody titer, while ornithine, citrulline and several amino acids and organic acids correlated positively with titer. For cell line #2, only ornithine and citrulline showed strong positive correlation. When ornithine was spiked into the culture media, both cell lines demonstrated accelerated cell growth, indicating ornithine as a root cause of the performance difference. It is proposed that better soy hydrolysate performance resulted from better bacterial fermentation during the hydrolysate production. A few selected markers were used to predict the performance of other soy hydrolysate batches for cell line #1. The predicted titers agreed with the experimental values with good accuracy.
The Role of the Mouse Macrophage Scavenger Receptor in Myelin Phagocytosis (1997)

Myelin phagocytosis during Wallerian degeneration and immune-mediated demyelination depends on the action of mononuclear cells of the monocyte/macrophage system. The present study investigated the role of the macrophage scavenger receptor, a trimeric membrane glycoprotein, in myelin uptake by macrophages. Two in vitro models of myelin phagocytosis were used: an organ culture model of mouse peripheral nerves exposed to cocultured macrophages and a quantitative flow cytometric assay. Different concentrations of the monoclonal rat anti-mouse scavenger receptor antibody (2F8) were applied to these systems to selectively block the macrophage scavenger receptor. Concentration-dependent effects on macrophage migration and myelin uptake were seen when the macrophage scavenger receptor was blocked by the antibody 2F8. Low concentrations reduced myelin phagocytosis by the invading macrophages; higher concentrations completely abolished macrophage invasion of the nerves. Using a quantitative flow cytometric assay it was also shown that the 2F8 antibody inhibits phagocytosis of myelin in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that the macrophage scavenger receptor is involved in myelin phagocytosis by macrophages.
Efficient discharge pumping of an XeCl laser using a high-voltage prepulse (1983)

A laser efficiency of 4.2% at 4.2-J output has been obtained from a self-sustained discharge-pumped XeCl laser using a novel high-voltage prepulse technique to provide efficient energy transfer from a low-impedance transmission line to the load. High-pressure discharge-pumped lasers now offer a reliable, efficient, and scalable alternative to e beams for many applications in the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum.
The surface treatment and adhesive bonding of polyetheretherketone. Part I. Adhesive joint strength (1987)

A range of surface treatments including degreasing, abrasion, chromate etching, plasma etching and nitric-sulfuric acid etching were applied to unreinforced and 20 vol. % glass fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone. Single lap shear adhesive joints were prepared using a nylon-fabric-supported epoxy resin film adhesive. Plasma ashing produced adhesive joint strengths of 13 MPa in lap shear and correlated with substantial cohesive failure within the adhesive resin. Adhesion to the abraded surface was very low but it was significantly improved by grit blasting and by chromate etching.
Removal of Cephalosporins by Continuous Arteriovenous Ultrafiltration (CAVU) and Hemofiltration (CAVH) (1989)

Cephalosporins are used with increasing frequency for sepsis treatment in patients receiving CAVU and CAVH. The different cephalosporins share the same basic molecular structure, yet they exhibit varied extent of plasma protein binding. Different amounts of the antibiotics may be removed by the ultrafiltration procedure because of these variations of physicochemical properties. We evaluated the sieving of eight new cephalosporins across the hemofilter membrane using an in vitro model. Bovine blood was perfused through polysulfone membranes at blood and ultrafiltrate flow rates of 100 and 20 ml/min respectively. Arterial plasma, venous plasma and ultrafiltrate drug concentrations were used to determine sieving coefficients. The sieving coefficients correlated well with the ultrafiltrate-arterial plasma drug concentration ratio (r = 0.679-0.972) but poorly with the extent of protein binding. Factors other than protein binding may therefore affect the drug sieving. Based on the findings, it was predicted that 0.2-21.9% of the daily cephalosporin dose may be removed by the CAVU and CAVH treatment. The need to alter drug dosages depends on the techniques of the ultrafiltration and hemofiltration procedure, the kinetics of the cephalosporins in patients, the sensitivity of the pathogen and the nature of the infection.
Improving the Thermodynamic Energy Efficiency of Battery Electrode Deionization Using Flow-Through Electrodes (2020)

Ion intercalation electrodes are being investigated for use in mixed capacitive deionization (CDI) and battery electrode deionization (BDI) systems because they can achieve selective ion removal and low energy deionization. To improve the thermodynamic energy efficiency (TEE) of these systems, flow-through electrodes were developed by coating porous carbon felt electrodes with a copper hexacyanoferrate composite mixture. The TEE for ion separation using flow-through electrodes was compared to a system using flow-by electrodes with the same materials. The flow-through BDI system increased the recoverable energy nearly 3-fold (0.009 kWh m<sup>-3</sup>, compared to a 0.003 kWh m<sup>-3</sup>), which increased the TEE from ∼6% to 8% (NaCl concentration reduction from 50 to 42 mM; 10 A m<sup>-2</sup>, 50% water recovery, and 0.5 mL min<sup>-1</sup>). The TEE was further increased to 12% by decreasing the flow rate from 0.50 to 0.25 mL min<sup>-1</sup>. These findings suggest that, under similar operational conditions and materials, flow-through battery electrodes could achieve better energy recovery and TEE for desalination than flow-by electrodes.
Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality (2013)

This volume addresses virtual reality (VR) -- a tantalizing communication medium whose essence challenges our most deeply held notions of what communication is or can be. The editors have gathered an expert team of engineers, social scientists, and cultural theorists for the first extensive treatment of human communication in this exciting medium. The first part introduces the reader to VR's state-of-the-art as well as future trends. In the next section, leading research scientists discuss how knowledge of communication can be used to build more effective and exciting communication applications of virtual reality. Looking ahead, the authors explore pioneering approaches to VR narratives, interpersonal communication, the use of 3D sound, and the building of VR entertainment complexes. In the final section, the authors zoom out to view the big picture -- the psychological, social, and cultural implications of virtual reality. Thought-provoking discussions consider important communication issues such as: * How will virtual reality influence perception of reality? * What are the legal issues defining communication in virtual reality? * What kind of cultural trends will this technology encourage?
EventCap: Monocular 3D Capture of High-Speed Human Motions using an Event Camera (2019)

The high frame rate is a critical requirement for capturing fast human motions. In this setting, existing markerless image-based methods are constrained by the lighting requirement, the high data bandwidth and the consequent high computation overhead. In this paper, we propose EventCap --- the first approach for 3D capturing of high-speed human motions using a single event camera. Our method combines model-based optimization and CNN-based human pose detection to capture high-frequency motion details and to reduce the drifting in the tracking. As a result, we can capture fast motions at millisecond resolution with significantly higher data efficiency than using high frame rate videos. Experiments on our new event-based fast human motion dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our method, as well as its robustness to challenging lighting conditions.
LA CIUDAD: ENTRE LAS EXPERIENCIAS Y PERCEPCIONES DE LA NIÑEZ EJE TEMÁTICO: ENSEÑANZA Y APRENDIZAJE DE LA GEOGRAFÍA (2011)

El proceso de investigacion se aborda desde las inquietudes que el investigador recoge de su experiencia en la ensenanza de la geografia en la escuela y de los resultados investigativos en cuanto a la didactica de la geografia en el desarrollo del pensamiento espacial a partir de la construccion de conceptos geograficos. Por ello, el problema de investigacion se dirige a reconocer como construyen el concepto de ciudad los estudiantes (entre los 10 y 12 anos de edad) del Colegio Fundacion Colombia ubicado en la Localidad de Usaquen en Bogota, a partir de sus experiencias y percepciones espaciales cotidianas. En este contexto se abordan aportes teoricos sobre las categorias de ciudad, cotidianidad y representacion mental apoyados en el enfoque epistemologico de la geografia de la percepcion. Lo anterior, define como interes central la comprension del proceso de construccion del concepto de ciudad que realizan los estudiantes a partir de sus vivencias y percepciones espaciales cotidianas. Para lo cual, en la ponencia se presentaran los resultados de la aplicacion de algunos de los instrumentos disenados (encuesta, entrevista), que buscan identificar y caracterizar las vivencias cotidianas que poseen los estudiantes sobre la ciudad, asi como realizar el analisis acerca de como los ninos y las ninas ven la ciudad, que imagenes construyen desde su experiencia diaria, los referentes que usan y como la construyen, es decir, su proceso de configuracion de ciudad como habitantes – constructores de la misma
Pd(0)-Catalyzed Intramolecular “Ylide-Ullmann-Type” Cyclization of Carbonyl-Stabilized Phosphonium Ylides and Access to Phosphachromones by Exocyclic P–C Cleavage (2019)

An unprecedented palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Ullmann-type cyclization of carbonyl-stabilized phosphonium ylides with aryl bromides was successfully developed. Furthermore, a base-promoted chemoselective hydrolysis of exocyclic P-C bond of the corresponding phosphonium salts delivered various phosphachromones. Excellent selectivity and high efficiency and good functional group tolerance were observed.
Phase I Study of DNX-2401 (Delta-24-RGD) Oncolytic Adenovirus: Replication and Immunotherapeutic Effects in Recurrent Malignant Glioma (2018)

Purpose DNX-2401 (Delta-24-RGD; tasadenoturev) is a tumor-selective, replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus. Preclinical studies demonstrated antiglioma efficacy, but the effects and mechanisms of action have not been evaluated in patients. Methods A phase I, dose-escalation, biologic-end-point clinical trial of DNX-2401 was conducted in 37 patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Patients received a single intratumoral injection of DNX-2401 into biopsy-confirmed recurrent tumor to evaluate safety and response across eight dose levels (group A). To investigate the mechanism of action, a second group of patients (group B) underwent intratumoral injection through a permanently implanted catheter, followed 14 days later by en bloc resection to acquire post-treatment specimens. Results In group A (n = 25), 20% of patients survived > 3 years from treatment, and three patients had a ≥ 95% reduction in the enhancing tumor (12%), with all three of these dramatic responses resulting in > 3 years of progression-free survival from the time of treatment. Analyses of post-treatment surgical specimens (group B, n = 12) showed that DNX-2401 replicates and spreads within the tumor, documenting direct virus-induced oncolysis in patients. In addition to radiographic signs of inflammation, histopathologic examination of immune markers in post-treatment specimens showed tumor infiltration by CD8<sup>+</sup> and T-bet<sup>+</sup> cells, and transmembrane immunoglobulin mucin-3 downregulation after treatment. Analyses of patient-derived cell lines for damage-associated molecular patterns revealed induction of immunogenic cell death in tumor cells after DNX-2401 administration. Conclusion Treatment with DNX-2401 resulted in dramatic responses with long-term survival in recurrent high-grade gliomas that are probably due to direct oncolytic effects of the virus followed by elicitation of an immune-mediated antiglioma response.
ReRanz (2017)

Recent code reuse attacks are able to circumvent various address space layout randomization (ASLR) techniques by exploiting memory disclosure vulnerabilities. To mitigate sophisticated code reuse attacks, we proposed a light-weight virtual machine, ReRanz, which deployed a novel continuous binary code re-randomization to mitigate memory disclosure oriented attacks. In order to meet security and performance goals, costly code randomization operations were outsourced to a separate process, called the "shuffling process". The shuffling process continuously flushed the old code and replaced it with a fine-grained randomized code variant. ReRanz repeated the process each time an adversary might obtain the information and upload a payload. Our performance evaluation shows that ReRanz Virtual Machine incurs a very low performance overhead. The security evaluation shows that ReRanz successfully protect the Nginx web server against the Blind-ROP attack.
Breeding for resistance to viral diseases in salmonids. (2010)

The salmonids, and in particular the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss), are 'pioneer species' in modern aquaculture and aquaculture breeding. Viral diseases currently constitute one of the largest challenges to the salmonid farming industry, and resistance to such diseases has become an important part of the goal of many breeding companies. Genetic variation in resistance has been demonstrated for a number of viral diseases both in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, with heritability estimates typically ranging from 0.2 to 0.4. The results that are available indicate that genetic correlations between diseases are generally low. For both species and several diseases, response to selection has been experimentally demonstrated. Resistance towards one or more viral diseases is part of the breeding goal of most or all ongoing breeding programmes. Selection is usually based on controlled challenge tests, and since challenge-tested animals cannot be used as brood stock, the within-family component of genetic variation is thus not utilized. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance towards specific diseases have been searched for, motivated by the need for tools for within-family selection. In Atlantic salmon, resistance towards the viral disease infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) was found by two groups to be controlled largely by one QTL. This QTL has been implemented in marker-assisted selection (MAS) by two breeding companies.
Efficient heterodyne CARS measurement by combining spectral phase modulation with temporal delay technique (2011)

We propose and demonstrate an improved heterodyne coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) measurement with a rapid phase modulation and temporal displacement of the background, to simplify signal extraction and effectively reduce a nonresonant background (NRB). This method is a modification of the single-beam CARS spectroscopy originally proposed by Oron et al. in which a narrowband phase modulation is used to enhance contrast between resonant signals and the NRB through heterodyne detection [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 273001 (2002)]. In our scheme, a large delay between the narrow- and broadband components enables us to reduce the NRB while maintaining signal enhancement by heterodyne detection. We develop a frequency-resolved Michelson interferometer in which the narrow- and broadband components are spatially separated and recombined with an arbitrary delay. We show that sharp Raman lines can be obtained from chloroform molecules by the observation of difference spectra and phase sensitive detection. The spectral resolution achieved, which is limited by that of the spectrometer we used, is < 8 cm(-1). This method can potentially be extended to make real-time measurements by further developing a spectrometer that directly accumulates difference spectra.
Synaptic Dynamics in Analog VLSI (2007)

Synapses are crucial elements for computation and information transfer in both real and artificial neural systems. Recent experimental findings and theoretical models of pulse-based neural networks suggest that synaptic dynamics can play a crucial role for learning neural codes and encoding spatiotemporal spike patterns. Within the context of hardware implementations of pulse-based neural networks, several analog VLSI circuits modeling synaptic functionality have been proposed. We present an overview of previously proposed circuits and describe a novel analog VLSI synaptic circuit suitable for integration in large VLSI spike-based neural systems. The circuit proposed is based on a computational model that fits the real postsynaptic currents with exponentials. We present experimental data showing how the circuit exhibits realistic dynamics and show how it can be connected to additional modules for implementing a wide range of synaptic properties.
Observation of the vortex structure of a non-integer vortex beam (2004)

An optical beam with an e(i/phi) phase structure carries an orbital angular momentum of lh per photon. For integer l values, the phase fronts of such beams form perfect helices with a single screw-phase dislocation, or vortex, on the beam axis. For non-integer l values, Berry ( 2004 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 6 259) predicts a complex-phase structure comprising many vortices at differing positions within the beam cross- section. Using a spatial light modulator we produce e(i/phi) beams with varying l. We examine the phase structure of such beams after propagation through an interference-based phase- measurement technique. As predicted, we observe that for half- integer l values, a line of alternating charge vortices is formed near the radial dislocation.