gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whole Organism Based Techniques and Approaches in Early Stage Oncology Drug Discovery-Patents and Trends (2011)

Discovery of new cancer drugs is important for the improvement of disease treatment and management. In addition to the clear medical needs there are also economic considerations: Much drug discovery is performed in the private sector. The high cost of some drug treatments, which can run to tens of thousands of US$ per patient for single courses of therapy has led to the perception of high profitability in the industry. But drug discovery and development is a very expensive and lengthy process, with an ongoing trend of fewer drugs brought to market per dollar invested in R&D Biochemical-based in vitro screens for hosts of targets have produced early stage drug candidates and led to drugs reaching the market, but there remains a great need to evaluate in vivo efficacy, toxicity and potential off-target effects as early as possible in the discovery process. Using whole organisms much earlier in cancer (and other) drug discovery is a potential approach to improve R&D productivity. Here, we provide an overview of recent patenting activity and take a brief look at possible new developments in the field.
Attempts to serologically classify feline caliciviruses on a national and an international basis (1976)

A serological classification of five feline calicivirus (FCV) strains of Swiss origin and 13 isolates of Austrian origin was attempted. The antisera used had been prepared in rabbits against the five Swiss strains and in goats against six American strains. Homologous and heterologous neutralization tests were made in tube cultures using sera at dilutions that contained 20 antibody units, in unabsorbed sera at low dilution, and in sera after subjection to three consecutive absorptions with lyophilized feline liver powder. None of these procedures resulted in the delineation of serotypes. A study using 20 antibody units yeilded FCV strains with broad-spectrum antigenicity, which seem promising for vaccination trials and for covering global needs. In addition, readily neutralized strains suitable for epidemiological work on cat sera, and possibly also for measuring humoral response to vaccines, could be recognized. The extent of serum titer variance, after 10-fold variance of virus input, was established as being only two- to threefold. Five Swiss FCV strains have been shown to remain antigenically stable over 10 years of laboratory passage. FCV strains and the procedure using 20 antibody units offered a suitable approach for international comparative work. FCV strains with little cross-neutralization should be subjected to higher antibody concentrations of existing antisera before attempting to create serotypes. Liver powder absorptions, which reduced homologous and heterologous neutralization titers to similar extents, subsequently proved to be unsuitable for use in FCV classification.
SWIMMING FOR SULFUR: ANALYSIS OF THE ROSEOBACTER-DINOFLAGELLATE INTERACTION (2005)

Guinea pigs were treated with 3 bar oxygen pressure in a hyperbaric chamber and CMs and APs were simultaneously registrated. The results depended on the kind of the usual anesthesy. If nembutal i.p. was used, the CMs and APs had been increased significant shortly after oxygen pressure reached 3 bar (CMs increased more than APs). If urethane i.p. was used, the CMs and APs increases not so significantly. These results are traced back to the different effect of the both anesthetic drugs on the blood flow in the brain. Oxygen toxicity in the inner ear was observed after OHP of 3 bar more than 30 min but only by APs. The CMs didn't show any signs of oxygen toxicity under the same conditions during 60 min and more.
Computer-Mediated Deception: Collective Language-action Cues as Stigmergic Signals for Computational Intelligence (2018)

Collective intelligence is easily observable in group-based or interpersonal pairwise interaction, and is enabled by environment-mediated stigmergic signals. Based on innate ability, human sensors not only sense and coordinate, but also tend to solve problems through these signals. This paper argues the efficacy of computational intelligence for adopting the collective language-action cues of human intelligence as stigmergic signals to differentiate deception. A study was conducted in synchronous computer-mediated communication environment with a dataset collected from 2014 to 2015. An online game was developed to examine the accuracy of certain language-action cues (signs), deceptive actors (agents) during pairwise interaction (environment). The result of a logistic regression analysis demonstrates the computational efficacy of collective language-action cues in differentiating and sensing deception in spontaneous communication. This study contributes to the computational modeling in adapting human intelligence as a base to attribute computer-mediated deception.
Biochemical Evaluation of the Decarboxylation and Decarboxylation-Deamination Activities of Plant Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylases (2012)

Plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) enzymes are capable of catalyzing either decarboxylation or decarboxylation-deamination on various combinations of aromatic amino acid substrates. These two different activities result in the production of arylalkylamines and the formation of aromatic acetaldehydes, respectively. Variations in product formation enable individual enzymes to play different physiological functions. Despite these catalytic variations, arylalkylamine and aldehyde synthesizing AAADs are indistinguishable without protein expression and characterization. In this study, extensive biochemical characterization of plant AAADs was performed to identify residues responsible for differentiating decarboxylation AAADs from aldehyde synthase AAADs. Results demonstrated that a tyrosine residue located on a catalytic loop proximal to the active site of plant AAADs is primarily responsible for dictating typical decarboxylase activity, whereas a phenylalanine at the same position is primarily liable for aldehyde synthase activity. Mutagenesis of the active site phenylalanine to tyrosine in Arabidopsis thaliana and Petroselinum crispum aromatic acetaldehyde synthases primarily converts the enzymes activity from decarboxylation-deamination to decarboxylation. The mutation of the active site tyrosine to phenylalanine in the Catharanthus roseus and Papaver somniferum aromatic amino acid decarboxylases changes the enzymes decarboxylation activity to a primarily decarboxylation-deamination activity. Generation of these mutant enzymes enables the production of unusual AAAD enzyme products including indole-3-acetaldehyde, 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, and phenylethylamine. Our data indicates that the tyrosine and phenylalanine in the catalytic loop region could serve as a signature residue to reliably distinguish plant arylalkylamine and aldehyde synthesizing AAADs. Additionally, the resulting data enables further insights into the mechanistic roles of active site residues.
Antibacterial peptides and mitochonrial presequences affect mitochonrial coupling, respiration and protein import (1994)

Cecropins A and P1, antibacterial peptides from insects and from pig and some related peptides released respiratory control, inhibited protein import and at higher concentrations also inhibited respiration. However, PR-39, an antibacterial peptide from pig intestine, was found to be almost inert towards mitochondria. The concentrations at which the three mitochondrial functions were effected varied for different peptides. Melittin, magainin and Cecropin-A-(1,13)-Melittin(1,13)-NH2, a hybrid between cecropin A and melittin, were most potent, while the two cecropins acted at higher concentrations. The biosynthesis of cecropin A is known and the intermediates are synthesized. We have used four peptides from this pathway to investigate their effects on coupling, respiration and protein import into mitochondria. Mature cecropin A followed by the preproprotein were most aggressive whereas the intermediates were less active or inert. The efficiency of different derivatives of cecropin A as uncouplers correlates well with their capacity to release membrane potential measured as fluorescence quenching of Rhodamine 123. Inhibition of respiration was found to be dependent on membrane potential and was most pronounced with mature cecropin A, less so with its three precursors. We also found that three peptides derived from mitochondrial presequences showed antibacterial activity. It is concluded that, there are similarities in the functions of antibacterial peptides and mitochondrial presequences, uncoupling activity in mitochondria cannot be correlated with the antibacterial activity (contrary to a previous suggestion), the processing of preprocecropin A may have evolved in such a way that there is a minimum of membrane damage from the intermediates in the pathway, and peptides produced for delivery outside of an animal have evolved to be more aggressive against mitochondria than peptides for delivery inside of the animal.
Hole-Filling Methods Using Depth and Color Information for Generating Multiview Images (2016)

This paper presents new hole-filling methods for generating multiview images by using depth image based rendering (DIBR). Holes appear in a depth image captured from 3D sensors and in the multiview images rendered by DIBR. The holes are often found around the background regions of the images because the background is prone to occlusions by the foreground objects. Background-oriented priority and gradient-oriented priority are also introduced to find the order of hole-filling after the DIBR process. In addition, to obtain a sample to fill the hole region, we propose the fusing of depth and color information to obtain a weighted sum of two patches for the depth (or rendered depth) images and a new distance measure to find the best-matched patch for the rendered color images. The conventional method produces jagged edges and a blurry phenomenon in the final results, whereas the proposed method can minimize them, which is quite important for high fidelity in stereo imaging. The experimental results show that, by reducing these errors, the proposed methods can significantly improve the hole-filling quality in the multiview images generated.
Generation of Decarboxylated and Dehydrogenated Betacyanins in Thermally Treated Purified Fruit Extract from Purple Pitaya (<i>Hylocereus polyrhizus</i>) Monitored by LC-MS/MS (2005)

Pigments of purple pitaya [Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C. Weber) Britton and Rose] fruits were submitted to extraction and were decarboxylated during heating experiments in acidified ethanolic and aqueous solutions. Groups of betacyanins with different decarboxylation levels were identified in the heating products by LC-DAD and LC-MS/MS. The main decarboxylation products were 2-decarboxy-betacyanins, 17-decarboxy-betacyanins, and 2,17-bidecarboxy-betacyanins. The structures of other compounds were assigned to 2,15,17-tridecarboxy-betacyanins and 14,15-dehydrogenated derivatives (neo-derivatives) of all decarboxylated betacyanins found.
Phase I trial of the thioether phospholipid analogue BM 41.440 in cancer patients (1987)

BM 41.440 (1-hexadecylmercapto-2-methoxymethyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a new thioether phospholipid, which has been shown to possess antineoplastic, antimetastatic, anti-invasive and immunomodulating properties in several tumor models. The mechanism whereby this compound exerts its direct antineoplastic effect is thought to be related to specific interference with the normal phospholipid metabolism, preferentially of neoplastic cells. BM 41.440 was evaluated in a multicenter phase I study in patients (pts) with refractory cancers. In phase I A, 34 pts were orally treated with doses ranging from 0.5 to 7.0 mg/kg body weight (bw). Three different formulations were tested. The maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was ca. 5 mg/kg bw. The limiting side effects were nausea and vomiting. There was no evidence for systemic toxicities like myelosuppression, nephro-, neuro-, hepatotoxicity or hematological side effects. The current phase I B is designed to determine the MTD of BM 41.440 administered orally on a daily schedule for at least eight weeks. So far, 19 pts have entered this trial at dose levels ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 mg/kg bw/day. Some pts receiving 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, have been treated, up to now, for more than nine months. Clinical progress was followed with at-least-weekly blood counts, chemistry profiles, urine analysis, liver function tests and recordings of side effects. Tumor parameters were evaluated at eight-week intervals. In parallel, pharmacokinetic investigations were performed in some pts in phase I A and IB. First results on tolerability and therapeutic efficacy of the long-term BM 41.440 treatment are reported in this intermediate evaluation.
Rapid construction of a phase diagram of doped Mott insulators with a composition-spread approach (2000)

We propose a method of rapid construction of a structural–magnetic–electronic phase diagram of doped Mott insulators. The composition-spread method is utilized for fabricating a film whose doping concentration varies from 0 to 1 continuously. The concurrent x-ray diffractometer that measures x-ray diffraction spectra of all the composition simultaneously, the scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscope, and the infrared optical spectroscopy are employed for characterizing the film. A demonstration is given for a colossal magnetoresistive material, La1−xSrxMnO3.
Quantum Dots Get Wet (2003)

New coatings protect nanocrystals from the watery environment of the cell and pave the way for widespread use of the versatile fluorescent clusters in biology. These so-called quantum dots could replace traditional organic dyes for some types of imaging studies.
Prototype All-Solid Lithiated Smart Window Devices (1987)

The optical transmissivity (and especially the reflectivity) of a ultilayer electrochvomic smart window<sup>TM</sup> glass structure can be reversibly modulated by an electrical current pulse; and the modulation is spectrally selective. This is important for building and vehicle windows and for other electro-optical applications. Discussed is the state of development of each of the layers for, and the state of development of, prototype all-solid electrochemically reversible, 5-layer smart window devices. These devices employ: a lithium-insertable rf sputter-deposited polycrystalline WO<sub>3</sub> film that exhibits reflection modulation as the electrochromic layer; a lithium-insertable rf sputter deposited In<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub> film or a thermally deposited V<sub>2</sub>0<sub>5</sub> film as the counterelectrode layer; an rf sputter deposited LiNbO<sub>3</sub> film as the ion conducting (solid electrolyte) layer; and rf sputter deposited ITO (Sn-doped In<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub>) or undoped In<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub> films as the transparent conducting layers. The devices exhibit useful operating characteristics and indicate that robust and economical practical smart window<sup>TM</sup> glass could soon become a commercial reality.
Inhomogeneities in monomode optical waveguides (1975)

Power is radiated from any imperfection in an optical dielectric rod transmission line, causing signal loss and crosstalk. On the other hand power can be fed into optical waveguides only at discontinuities. A survey is given on the radiation and transmission properties of six inhomogeneities in single mode optical waveguides: a free end, a gap, an axes offset, a step in diameter, a corner and a bend. Each problem is illustrated by a picture of the electromagnetic field showing constant amplitude and constant phase contours which have been measured using microwave models. Comments are given an the theoretical methods used to analyze the discontinuities and some results of the analysis are mentioned.
Functional receptor for C3a anaphylatoxin is expressed by normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and C3a enhances their homing-related responses to SDF-1 (2003)

Complement has recently been implicated in developmental pathways and noninflammatory processes. The expression of various complement components and receptors has been shown in a wide range of circulating myeloid and lymphoid cells, but their role in normal hematopoiesis and stem cell homing has not yet been investigated. We report that normal human CD34(+) cells and lineage-differentiated hematopoietic progenitors express the complement anaphylatoxin C3a receptor (C3aR) and respond to C3a. Moreover, C3a, but not the biologically inactive desArg-C3a, induces calcium flux in these cells. Furthermore, we found that C3 is secreted by bone marrow stroma and that, although C3a does not influence directly the proliferation/survival of hematopoietic progenitors, it (1) potentiates the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)-dependent chemotaxis of human CD34(+) cells and lineage-committed myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic progenitors; (2) primes SDF-1-dependent trans-Matrigel migration; and (3) stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion and very late antigen 4 (VLA-4)-mediated adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Furthermore, we found that murine Sca-1(+) cells primed by C3a engrafted faster in lethally irradiated animals. These results indicate that normal human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells express functional C3aR and that the C3aR-C3a axis sensitizes the responses of these cells to SDF-1 and thus may be involved in promoting their homing into the bone marrow via cross talk with the SDF-CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) signaling axis. C3a is the first positive regulator of this axis to be identified.
Multiprotocol Network Design and Troubleshooting (1997)

Now that the Internet and Web are a vital part of the corporate desktop, multiprotocol networking is a necessity. Almost every company with a network now needs to integrate TCP/IP with its network operating system to provide Internet and Web connectivity, and all network professionals need to know how to design, implement, and troubleshoot multiprotocol environments. This book covers all aspects of multiprotocol networking with NT Server, NetWare/IntranetWare, Unix, and Lotus Notes and the following protocols: TCP/IP, IP, NCP, IPX/SPX, UDP, DDP, ATP, NetBIOS, and NetBEUI. Contains quick-reference appendixes packed with NetWare/IntranetWare, NT, and Unix connectivity commands.
Introduction to self-tuning control (1988)

The use of self-tuning to resolve the problem of uncertain dynamics is the theme of this book. The idea behind self-tuning is to adjust the controller settings automatically, based on the measured input/output behaviour of the real plant. Microprocessors have played a crucial role in achieving acceptance of self-tuning for they allow the computationally demanding algorithms to be implemented cheaply. Self-tuners do not remove the need for an engineer's skill but allow him to think more positively about the real control needs and constraints of his plant rather than simply hoping that manually-tuned and fixed PID laws will solve all his problems.
Long wavelength infrared emitters based on quantum wells and superlattices (2000)

Infrared Semiconductor Sources Novel Concepts and structures for Infrared Lasers Electric-Field-Tunable Quantum Cascade Lasers by Oscillator Strength Tuning Infrared Intersubband Emission in Optically Pumped Quantum Wells Population Dynamics of Far-Infrared Intersubband Lasers Intersubband THz Emission in Multiple Quantum Wells Antimonide-Based Mid-Infrared Lasers Mercury-Cadmium Telluride-Based Lasers and Light Emitting Diodes
<title>Polarization analysis based on grating conical diffraction</title> (1992)

The intrinsic multiple-beam-splitting and polarization-altering properties of a diffraction grating are combined with linear photodetectors to achieve a simple and versatile photopolarimeter for the simultaneous and nearly instantaneous measurement of the four Stokes parameters of light in an arbitrary state of partial elliptical polarization. For spectroscopic applications the dispersive property of the grating is also employed with photodetector arrays to obtain Stokes parameter spectra.
Development of a hybrid sputtering/evaporation process for Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> thin film solar cells (2011)

Abstract In this paper we report a new method for Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 deposition for solar cell application. Differently from the common co‐evaporation process, an alterative approach for thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 has been tested: the sputtering deposition of metal elements combined with the selenium evaporation. We have studied the relationships between the growth parameters of our hybrid sputtering/evaporation method and the chemical‐physical properties of the CIGS films. The cells are completed with a CdS buffer layer deposited by chemical bath deposition and ZnO + ITO deposited by RF sputtering. Test solar cells of 0.5 cm 2 have shown an efficiency of 10% and 2.5% on glass and stainless steel substrate respectively. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
RAID triple parity (2012)

RAID triple parity (RTP) is a new algorithm for protecting against three-disk failures. It is an extension of the double failure correction Row-Diagonal Parity code. For any number of data disks, RTP uses only three parity disks. This is optimal with respect to the amount of redundant information required and accessed. RTP uses XOR operations and stores all data un-encoded. The algorithm's parity computation complexity is provably optimal. The decoding complexity is also much lower than that of existing comparable codes. This paper also describes a symmetric variant of the algorithm where parity computation is identical to triple reconstruction.
Rendering Forest Scenes in Real-Time (2004)

Forests are crucial for scene realism in applications such as light simulators. This paper proposes a new representation allowing for the real-time rendering of realistic forests covering an arbitrary terrain. It lets us produce dense forests corresponding to continuous non-repetitive fields made of thousands of trees with full parallax. Our representation draws on volumetric textures and aperiodic tiling: the forest consists of a set of edgecompatible prisms containing forest samples which are aperiodically mapped onto the ground. The representation allows for quality rendering, thanks to appropriate 3D non-linearfiltering. It relies on LODs and on a GPUfriendly structure to achieve real-time performance. Dynamic lighting and shadowing are beyond the scope of this paper. On the other hand, we require no advanced graphics feature except 3D textures and decent fill and vertex transform rates. However we can take advantage of vertex shaders so that the slicing of the volumetric texture is entirely done on the GPU.
A high performance, versatile residential gateway (2002)

In a world where virtually all consumer devices will soon be speaking the same digital language, the ability to connect hardware and distribute content from one box to another creates important opportunities for extending networks into millions of consumer homes; connecting each house to the Internet represent an unprecedented opportunity to increase network traffic and expand the customer base beyond the corporate sphere. This paper outlines the work carried out in InfoGate, a European research and development project under the ESPRIT programme, that designed and implemented a multiservice residential gateway platform. A residential gateway (also called residential concentrator, residential hub, residential communications controller or integrated access device) is, in the most simple terms, a bridge between the access network (or the local loop) which connects to the core network gateways (e.g. Internet) end the home local network. The paper describes the service requirements and focuses on the wireless access and indoor interfaces.