gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Content-based copy and paste from video documents (2013)

Unlike text, copying and pasting parts of video documents is challenging. Yet, the abundance of video documents now available including how-to tutorials requires simpler tools that allow users to easily copy and paste fragments of video materials into new documents. We describe new direct video manipulation techniques enabling users to quickly copy and paste content from video documents into a user's own multimedia document. While the video plays, users interact with the video canvas to select text regions, scrollable regions, slide sequences built up across many frames, or semantically meaningful regions such as dialog boxes. Instead of relying on the timeline to accurately select sub-parts of the video document, users navigate using familiar selection techniques such as mouse-wheel to scroll back and forward over a video shot in which the content scrolls, double-clicks over rectangular regions to select them, or clicks and drags over textual regions of the video canvas to select them. We describe the video processing techniques that run in real-time in modern web browsers using HTML5 and JavaScript; and show how they help users quickly copy and paste video fragments into new documents, allowing them to efficiently reuse video documents for authoring or note-taking.
A Functional, New Short Isoform of Death Receptor 4 in Ewing's Sarcoma Cell Lines May be Involved in TRAIL Sensitivity/Resistance Mechanisms (2012)

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a high-grade neoplasm arising in bones of children and adolescents. Survival rate decreases from greater than 50% to only 20% after 5 years for patients not responding to treatment or presenting metastases at diagnosis. TRAIL, which has strong antitumoral activity, is a promising therapeutic candidate. To address TRAIL sensitivity, 7 human ES cell lines were used. Cell viability experiments [3'[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro-)benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) assay] showed that 4 of the 7 ES cell lines were resistant to TRAIL. Western blotting and flow cytometry analyses revealed that DR5 was uniformly expressed by all ES cell lines, whereas DR4 levels were higher in sensitive cell lines. In TRAIL-sensitive TC-71 cells, knockdown of TNFRSF10A/DR4 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was associated with a loss of sensitivity to TRAIL, in spite of DR5 presence. Interestingly, we identified a new transcript variant that results from an alternative splicing and encodes a 310-amino acid protein which corresponds to the 468 aa of DR4 original isoform but truncated of aa 11 to 168 within the extracellular TRAIL-binding domain. According to modeling studies, the contact of this new DR4 isoform (bDR4) with TRAIL seemed largely preserved. The overexpression of bDR4 in a TRAIL-resistant cell line restored TRAIL sensitivity. TRAIL resensitization was also observed after c-FLIP knockdown by shRNA in two TRAIL-resistant cell lines, as shown by XTT assay and caspase-3 assay. The results presented in this study showed that DR4, both as the complete form or as its new short isoform, is involved in TRAIL sensitivity in ES.
Identification of the Sulfone Functionality in Protonated Analytes via Ion/Molecule Reactions in a Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (2014)

A tandem mass spectrometric method is presented for the rapid identification of drug metabolites that contain the sulfone functional group. This method is based on a gas-phase ion/molecule reaction of protonated sulfone analytes with trimethyl borate (TMB) that yields a diagnostic product ion, adduct-Me2O, at high reaction efficiency. A variety of compounds with different functional groups, such as sulfoxides, hydroxylamines, N-oxides, anilines, phenol, an aliphatic amine, and an aliphatic alcohol, were examined to probe the selectivity of this reaction. Except for protonated sulfones, most of the protonated compounds react very slowly or not at all with TMB. Most importantly, none of them give the adduct-Me2O product. A mechanism that explains the observed selectivity is proposed for the diagnostic reaction and is supported by quantum chemical calculations. The reaction was tested with the anti-inflammatory drug sulindac and its metabolite, sulindac sulfone, which were readily distinguished. The presence of other functionalities in addition to sulfone was found not to influence the diagnostic reactivity.
Interventions Designed to Prevent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Adolescents and Adults (2012)

Neuromuscular and educational interventions appear to reduce the incidence rate of ACL injuries by approximately 50%.
N<sup>α</sup>-Methyl Histamine Safety and Efficacy in Migraine Prophylaxis: Phase III Study (2006)

The present study provides evidence of the efficacy of Nalpha-methylhistamine, given subcutaneously at doses of 1 to 3 ng twice a week, offering a new therapeutic alternative and laying the clinical and pharmacological groundwork for the use of histaminergic H3-agonists in migraine prophylaxis, which may specifically inhibit the neurogenic edema response involved in migraine pathophysiology.
Fast ion swapping for quantum-information processing (2017)

We demonstrate a swap gate between laser-cooled ions in a segmented microtrap via fast physical swapping of the ion positions. This operation is used in conjunction with qubit initialization, manipulation, and readout and with other types of shuttling operations such as linear transport and crystal separation and merging. Combining these operations, we perform quantum process tomography of the swap gate, obtaining a mean process fidelity of 99.5(5)%. The swap operation is demonstrated with motional excitations below 0.05(1) quantum for all six collective modes of a two-ion crystal for a process duration of $42\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. Extending these techniques to three ions, we reverse the order of a three-ion crystal and reconstruct the truth table for this operation, resulting in a mean process fidelity of 99.96(13)% in the logical basis.
Role of human natural killer cells in health and disease (1994)

Natural killer (NK) cells, the CD3- CD56+ CD16+ subset of peripheral blood lymphocytes, have long been known to be involved in non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted natural immunity to virally infected and malignant target cells. The association of abnormalities in NK cell numbers or functions with a broad spectrum of human diseases has been more clearly defined in recent years as a result of the improved knowledge of NK cell physiology and advances in monitoring of NK cell functions in health and disease. The ability to reliably measure changes in NK activity and/or numbers during the course of disease or response to treatment has focused attention on the role of the NK cell in disease pathogenesis. The improved understanding of NK cell deficiency in disease has opened a way for therapies specifically designed to improve NK cell function. The therapeutic use of biologic response modifiers capable of augmenting NK cell activity in vivo and of adoptive transfer of highly enriched, activated autologous NK cells in diseases such as cancer and AIDS is being evaluated. The importance of NK cells in health and the consequences of NK cell deficiency or excess are likely to be more extensively monitored in the future.
Design, Construction, and Operation of a Transported Fluid Bed Process Development Unit for Biomass Fast Pyrolysis:  Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature (2008)

The objective of this paper is to investigate biomass fast pyrolysis process in a novel once-through transported fluid bed process development unit. The main emphasis was given to the design and operation of this unit, which is made of several vessel modules. The main part of the unit is a specially designed mixing zone, where the solid heat carrier mixes with the biomass feed. The unit can process up to 20 g/min biomass and can circulate up to 300 g/min solid. Experiments showed that the unit could run effectively, with satisfactory stability and mass balances (92−96 wt % on biomass), under a wide range of experimental conditions. The yield of the raw total liquid product was up to 78 wt % on biomass basis. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on product yields is also presented in this paper: the temperature of 500 °C was found to be an optimum temperature for the maximization of the liquid product yields using a wood-based biomass.
Anthracycline Dose Intensification in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2009)

In young adults with AML, intensifying induction therapy with a high daily dose of daunorubicin improved the rate of complete remission and the duration of overall survival, as compared with the standard dose. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00049517.)
Backbone protection and its application to the synthesis of a difficult phosphopeptide sequence (1996)

The N-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)(Hmb) backbone amide-protecting group has been applied to the synthesis of phosphopeptides via post-assembly global phosphorylation. Reversible protection of the Hmb 2-hydroxy moiety was mandatory in order to prevent its phosphorylation and resultant irreversible stabilisation to acidolysis. This was achieved through the use of either the acetyl (Ac) or allyloxycarbonyl (Allot) groups, introduced through their respective anhydrides in the presence of tertiary base. Following global phosphorylation, Ac or Alloc could be removed from resin-bound Hmb backbone-substituted fully protected phosphopeptide by either hydrazinolysis or palladium-catalysed cleavage to re-establish Hmb acid-lability. Similarly, hydrazinolysis in solution of otherwise deprotected, backbone-substituted phosphopeptide was found to be efficient and free from phosphoroamino acid β-elimination side-reactions. The optimised protocols were applied in the preparation of peptides from human Tau [390–406; Ser(PO3H)396] and the MAP kinase ERK 2 [178–188; Thr(PO3H)183; Tyr(PO3H)185].
Characterizing Deep Learning over Big Data (DLoBD) Stacks on RDMA-Capable Networks (2017)

Deep Learning over Big Data (DLoBD) is becoming one of the most important research paradigms to mine value from the massive amount of gathered data. Many emerging deep learning frameworks start running over Big Data stacks, such as Hadoop and Spark. With the convergence of HPC, Big Data, and Deep Learning, these DLoBD stacks are taking advantage of RDMA and multi-/many-core based CPUs/GPUs. Even though a lot of activities are happening in the field, there is a lack of systematic studies on analyzing the impact of RDMA-capable networks and CPU/GPU on DLoBD stacks. To fill this gap, we propose a systematical characterization methodology and conduct extensive performance evaluations on three representative DLoBD stacks (i.e., CaffeOnSpark, TensorFlowOnSpark, and BigDL) to expose the interesting trends regarding performance, scalability, accuracy, and resource utilization. Our observations show that RDMA-based design for DLoBD stacks can achieve up to 2.7x speedup compared to the IPoIB based scheme. The RDMA scheme can also scale better and utilize resources more efficiently than the IPoIB scheme over InfiniBand clusters. For most cases, GPU-based deep learning can outperform CPU-based designs, but not always. We see that for LeNet on MNIST, CPU + MKL can achieve better performance than GPU and GPU + cuDNN on 16 nodes. Through our evaluation, we see that there are large rooms to improve the designs of current generation DLoBD stacks further.
An in vitro screening cascade to identify neuroprotective antioxidants in ALS (2009)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive dysfunction and death of motor neurons. Although evidence for oxidative stress in ALS pathogenesis is well described, antioxidants have generally shown poor efficacy in animal models and human clinical trials. We have developed an in vitro screening cascade to identify antioxidant molecules capable of rescuing NSC34 motor neuron cells expressing an ALS-associated mutation of superoxide dismutase 1. We have tested known antioxidants and screened a library of 2000 small molecules. The library screen identified 164 antioxidant molecules, which were refined to the 9 most promising molecules in subsequent experiments. Analysis of the in silico properties of hit compounds and a review of published literature on their in vivo effectiveness have enabled us to systematically identify molecules with antioxidant activity combined with chemical properties necessary to penetrate the central nervous system. The top-performing molecules identified include caffeic acid phenethyl ester, esculetin, and resveratrol. These compounds were tested for their ability to rescue primary motor neuron cultures after trophic factor withdrawal, and the mechanisms of action of their antioxidant effects were investigated. Subsequent in vivo studies can be targeted using molecules with the greatest probability of success.
Shape‐ and Size‐Controlled Synthesis of Uniform Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocuboids Enclosed by Active {100} and {001} Facets (2011)

Abstract Uniform anatase TiO 2 nanocuboids enclosed by active {100} and {001} facets over a wide size range (60–830 nm in length) with controllable aspect ratios were solvothermally synthesized through hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) using acetic acid (HAc) as the solvent and the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF 4 ]) as the capping agent. The size and aspect ratio of the anatase TiO 2 nanocuboids can be readily adjusted by changing the composition parameters including the contents of [bmim][BF 4 ], water, and HAc in the quaternary solution system. It was revealed that [bmim][BF 4 ] played an important role in stabilizing both the {100} and {001} facets of the anatase TiO 2 nanocuboids. On the one hand, [bmim][BF 4 ] acted as a fluoride source to release F − ions for stabilizing the {001} facets; on the other hand, the [bmim] + ions acted as effective capping ions to preferentially stabilize the {100} facets. The obtained near‐monodisperse anatase TiO 2 nanocuboids exhibited an interesting self‐assembly behavior during deposition. These single‐crystalline anatase nanocuboids showed extremely high crystalline phase stability, retaining the pure phase of anatase as well as the morphology even after being calcined at 900 °C. Moreover, the anatase nanocuboids exhibited considerably enhanced photocatalytic activity owing the wholly exposed active {100} and {001} facets.
How effective is KRM-1648 in treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infections in beige mice? (1996)

Although the MICs of 3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-isobutyl-1-piperazinyl)benzoxazinorifamycin, or KRM-1648 (KRM), for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) were significantly lower than those of other drugs, its in vivo activity was very weak. Beginning 28 days after inoculation, beige mice that had been infected intravenously with 1.87 x 10(7) CFU of MAC 101 were administered KRM alone, clarithromycin (CLARI) alone, or CLARI plus KRM six times weekly for 16 weeks. In contrast to the mice treated with CLARI-containing regimens, the mortality and the mean spleen weights of mice treated with KRM alone (either 10 or 20 mg/kg of body weight per dose) did not differ significantly from those of untreated mice, their numbers of CFU were very much greater than pretreatment values, and multiplication of MAC was only slightly inhibited. Although monotherapy by KRM selected KRM-resistant mutants, the selection was very weak; the mean number of CFU and the frequency of KRM-resistant mutants increased by no more than 1 order of magnitude after 16 weeks of treatment with KRM at 20 mg/kg per dose. Selection of CLARI-resistant mutants was inhibited but not completely prevented by treatment of the mice with CLARI plus KRM. These results indicate that KRM displayed only a weak bacteriostatic effect against the isolate tested in the beige mouse model; its ability to enhance the antimicrobial effect of CLARI or to prevent emergence of CLARI-resistant mutants was very limited.
Towards automatic face identification robust to ageing variation (2002)

A large number of high-performance automatic face recognition systems have been reported in the literature. Many of them are robust to within class appearance variation of subjects such as variation in expression, lighting of subjects such as variation in expression, lighting and pose. However, most of the face identification systems developed are sensitive to changes in the age of individuals. We present experimental results to prove that the performance of automatic face recognition systems depends on the age difference of subjects between the training and test images. We also demonstrate that automatic age simulation techniques can be used for designing face recognition systems, robust to ageing variation. In this context, the perceived age of the subjects in the training and test images is modified before the training and classification procedures, so that ageing variation is eliminated. Experimental results demonstrate that the performance of our face recognition system can be improved significantly, when this approach is adopted.
Length dependence of effective cutoff wavelength in single-mode fibers (1984)

Transmission characteristics of single-mode fiber operated in the two-mode (LP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> and LP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> ) propagation region is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The effective cutoff wavelength of the LP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> mode λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</inf> is commonly used to assure practically the single-mode operation of the LP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> mode above λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</inf> up to certain fiber length. The experimental λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</inf> decreases linearly in a logarithmic scale of fiber length as increasing fiber length, and eventually becomes constant after a few kilometers' propagation. Theoretical λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</inf> is obtained from a coupled power equation by taking into account the mode coupling as well as the losses of the two modes. To calculate λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</inf> , the losses of the two modes are individually measured by a new measurement technique. It is clarified from the theory that the nonlinear property of the length dependence of λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</inf> in the logarithmic scale is due to a relatively small mode coupling between the LP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> and LP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> modes.
A visible-light-driven composite photocatalyst of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube arrays and graphene quantum dots (2014)

TiO2 nanotube arrays are well-known efficient UV-driven photocatalysts. The incorporation of graphene quantum dots could extend the photo-response of the nanotubes to the visible-light range. Graphene quantum dot-sensitized TiO2 nanotube arrays were synthesized by covalently coupling these two materials. The product was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The product exhibited high photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of methylene blue and enhanced photocurrent under visible light irradiation.
Perceptual Temporal Asymmetry Associated with Distinct ON and OFF Responses to Time-Varying Sounds with Rising versus Falling Intensity: A Magnetoencephalography Study (2016)

This magnetoencephalography (MEG) study investigated evoked ON and OFF responses to ramped and damped sounds in normal-hearing human adults. Two pairs of stimuli that differed in spectral complexity were used in a passive listening task; each pair contained identical acoustical properties except for the intensity envelope. Behavioral duration judgment was conducted in separate sessions, which replicated the perceptual bias in favour of the ramped sounds and the effect of spectral complexity on perceived duration asymmetry. MEG results showed similar cortical sites for the ON and OFF responses. There was a dominant ON response with stronger phase-locking factor (PLF) in the alpha (8–14 Hz) and theta (4–8 Hz) bands for the damped sounds. In contrast, the OFF response for sounds with rising intensity was associated with stronger PLF in the gamma band (30–70 Hz). Exploratory correlation analysis showed that the OFF response in the left auditory cortex was a good predictor of the perceived temporal asymmetry for the spectrally simpler pair. The results indicate distinct asymmetry in ON and OFF responses and neural oscillation patterns associated with the dynamic intensity changes, which provides important preliminary data for future studies to examine how the auditory system develops such an asymmetry as a function of age and learning experience and whether the absence of asymmetry or abnormal ON and OFF responses can be taken as a biomarker for certain neurological conditions associated with auditory processing deficits.
A Technique for the histochemical demonstration of polyphenol oxidase and its application to egg-shell formation in helminths and byssus formation in mytilus (1954)

ABSTRACT The distribution of polyphenol oxidase in quinone-tanning systems may be demonstrated in frozen-dried sections by incubation in 0·2 per cent, aqueous catechol at 40° C. for 15–60 minutes. A red colour develops at the enzyme site. The evidence for the view that the egg-shell in trematodes, in certain cestode groups, and in turbellarians, is a quinone-tanned protein secreted by the so-called ‘vitelline’ glands, is summarized. The ‘vitelline’ cells, in addition to giving positive reactions for proteins and phenols, give a strongly positive reaction with the catechol polyphenol oxidase test. The catechol technique may also be applied to whole helminths fixed in 70 per cent, alcohol, and serves as a useful whole mount stain for the shell-producing regions of the female genitalia. In Mytilus the catechol technique reveals the presence of polyphenol oxidase in an ‘upper’ or enzyme gland in the foot. It is suggested that in Mytilus the byssus is formed from a phenolic protein secreted from the phenol gland, which on contact with polyphenol oxidase can undergo ‘auto-quinone tanning’.
microRNA as a new immune-regulatory agent in breast milk (2010)

Our findings provide new insight into how breast milk can modulate the development of the infant's immune system. This study suggests the transfer of genetic material as miRNA from human to human occurs by means other than through sexual reproduction.