gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic‐Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Electroencephalogram Effects of Scopolamine in Healthy Volunteers (2001)

Scopolamine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist commonly used as a pharmacological model substance based on the "cholinergic hypothesis" of memory loss in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. The objective of the study was to relate pharmacodynamic electroencephalogram (EEG) changes and scopolamine serum concentration using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling techniques. This was a randomized, three-way crossover, open-label study involving 10 healthy nonsmoking young male volunteers who received either scopolamine 0.5 mg as an intravenous (i.v.) infusion over 15 minutes or an intramuscular (i.m.) injection or a placebo. The pharmacodynamic EEG measure consists of the total power in delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands over frontal, central, and occipital brain areas. The values of the pharmacokinetic parameters of scopolamine after i.v. infusion were clearance (CL) 205 +/- 36.6 L/h, volume of distribution (Vd) 363 +/- 66.7 L, distribution half-life (t1/2 alpha) 2.9 +/- 0.67 min, and terminal half-life (t1/2 beta) 105.4 +/- 9.94 min (mean +/- SEM). Mean peak serum concentrations (Cmax) were 4.66 and 0.96 ng/ml after i.v. and i.m. administration, respectively (p < 0.05). The area under the serum concentration versus time curve (AUC) after i.m. administration (81.27 +/- 11.21 ng/ml/min) was significantly lower compared to the value after i.v. infusion (157.28 +/- 30.86 ng/ml/min) (mean +/- SEM, p < 0.05). Absolute bioavailability of scopolamine after i.m. injection was 57% +/- 0.08% (mean +/- SEM). After both i.v. and i.m. administration, scopolamine induced a decrease in EEG alpha power (7.50-11.25 Hz) over frontal, central, and occipital brain areas compared to placebo (p < 0.05). The individual concentration-EEG effect relationships determined after i.v. infusion of scopolamine were successfully characterized by a sigmoidal Emax model. The averaged values of the pharmacodynamic parameters were E0 = 0.58 microV2, Emax = 0.29 microV2, EC50 = 0.60 ng/ml, and gamma = 1.17. No time delay between serum concentrations and changes in alpha power was observed, indicating a rapid equilibration between serum and effect site. The results provide the first demonstration of a direct correlation between serum concentrations of scopolamine and changes in total power in alpha frequency band in healthy volunteers using PK-PD modeling techniques. As regards the effect on the EEG, 0.5 mg of scopolamine administered i.v. appears to be a suitable dose.
Laser diagnostic experiments on KrF laser ablation plasma-plume dynamics relevant to manufacturing applications* (1994)

A brief review is given of the potential applications of laser ablation in the automotive and electronics manufacturing industries. Experiments are presented on KrF laser ablation of three materials relevant to manufacturing applications: aluminum metal vs aluminum–nitride (AlN) and alumina (Al2O3) ceramics. Plasma and neutral-atom diagnostic data are presented from resonant-holographic-interferometry, dye-laser-resonance-absorption photography, and HeNe laser deflection. Data show that plasma electron densities in excess of 1018 cm−3 exist in the ablation of AlN, with lower densities in Al and Al2O3. Aluminum neutral and ion expansion velocities are in the range of cm/μs. Ambipolar electric fields are estimated to be 5–50 V/cm.
How dynamic networks work: A short tutorial on spontaneous networks (2002)

The current race of the information technology society to connect any device to higher networks (e.g. to the Internet), has led to various applications that were unbelievable a couple of years ago. Unfortunately, with all the increasing amount of connectivity, setup, configuration and handling of electronic devices has become more and more complex and often today's users are overwhelmed by functionality and required knowledge. To solve this problem, industry has turned to create intelligent devices, that do the interconnection work almost automatically and, therefore, are able to connect to so-called dynamic networks. At the very moment, some competitive approaches try to fight this challenge with common concepts behind, but slightly different technologies used. This paper starts with a short motivation why dynamic networks could be of interest for factory automation systems, too. Afterwards, we provide a tutorial on up-to-date spontaneous networks. We start with an insight into the approach proposed by Sun Microsystems, called Java Intelligent Network Infrastructure, followed by a quick overview on Microsoft's approach, called Universal Plug and Play. Next, a proposed standard for wireless communication, called Blue-tooth, is presented. Finally, we show some dynamic features of the well-known Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
KY-109, a new bifunctional pro-drug of a cephalosporin. Chemistry, physico-chemical and biological properties. (1985)

(5-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl 7-[D-O-(L-alanyl)mandelamido]-3-[[(5-methyl-1,3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate hydrochloride (KY-109) was synthesized as a bifunctional pro-drug designed to improve the oral absorption of the parent drug (KY-087), a cephalosporin similar in activity to cefamandole. The pro-drug was found to possess the desired factors for an orally active pro-drug, that is, appropriate solubility, lipophilicity and ease hydrolysis into the parent drug. As predicted from these factors, the pro-drug when administered orally to rats was well absorbed, and gave high blood levels of the parent drug.
Ultrahigh power 38 W continuous-wave monolithic laser diode arrays (1988)

Continuous-wave output power levels of 38 W from one facet have been obtained from a 1 cm monolithic AlGaAs laser array with a 2 mm total active aperture width. One of the diodes has been operated under constant current conditions (initial output power of 5 W) at room temperature for over 1100 h.
Reducing Development Time for Real-time Simulations in a SCADA Environment (1998)

SCADA systems have found great favour for industrial control/monitoring operations in New Zealand in recent years due to their low cost and reliability. Their major limitation, in the eyes of control systems engineers, has been the difficulty in incorporating complex real-time simulations and/or control schemes. Generally this can only be done by writing background simulation/control tasks in C code which is time-consuming, especially since the development of such simulations is often carried out in a development environment with the final model being converted to C code afterward. This paper deals with a method for automatically generating background simulation/ control tasks directly from a development environment which can access the SCADA database in real-time. The method uses the Matlab/Simulink simulation environment in conjunction with the Real-Time Workshop (RTW), both from The Mathworks, which can build a real-time simulation task directly from the Simulink model. The model will read inputs from, and write outputs to, the Fix (Intellution) database in real time using the RTW device driver interface. The background tasks are compiled for the Windows NT platform.
On the Minimum Audible Angle (1958)

The difference limen for the azimuth of a source of pure tones was measured as a function of the frequency of the tone and the direction of the source. Tone pulses between 250 and 10 000 cps were sounded in the horizontal plane around the head of a subject seated in an anechoic chamber. The smallest angular separation that can be detected between the sources of two successive tone pulses (the minimum audible angle) was determined for each of three subjects. These threshold angles are analyzed in terms of the corresponding threshold changes in the phase, time, and intensity of the tone at the ears of the subject. A comparison of these thresholds with those reported for dichotic stimulation indicates that the resolution of the direction of a source is determined, at frequencies below about 1400 cps, by interaural differences in phase or time, and at higher frequencies by differences in intensity. When the conditions are optimal for temporal discrimination, the threshold for an interaural difference in time is about 10μsec, and when the conditions are optimal for intensity discrimination, the threshold for an interaural difference in intensity is about 0.5 db.
Capacitive sensing of droplets for microfluidic devices based on thermocapillary actuation (2004)

The design and performance of a miniaturized coplanar capacitive sensor is presented whose electrode arrays can also function as resistive microheaters for thermocapillary actuation of liquid films and droplets. Optimal compromise between large capacitive signal and high spatial resolution is obtained for electrode widths comparable to the liquid film thickness measured, in agreement with supporting numerical simulations which include mutual capacitance effects. An interdigitated, variable width design, allowing for wider central electrodes, increases the capacitive signal for liquid structures with non-uniform height profiles. The capacitive resolution and time response of the current design is approximately 0.03 pF and 10 ms, respectively, which makes possible a number of sensing functions for nanoliter droplets. These include detection of droplet position, size, composition or percentage water uptake for hygroscopic liquids. Its rapid response time allows measurements of the rate of mass loss in evaporating droplets.
Bosutinib inhibits migration and invasion via ack1 in kras mutant non-small cell lung cancer (2014)

The advent of effective targeted therapeutics has led to increasing emphasis on precise biomarkers for accurate patient stratification. Here, we describe the role of ACK1, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase in abrogating migration and invasion in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Bosutinib, which inhibits ACK1 at 2.7 nM IC50, was found to inhibit cell migration and invasion but not viability in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Knockdown of ACK1 abrogated bosutinib-induced inhibition of cell migration and invasion specifically in KRAS mutant cells. This finding was further confirmed in an in vivo zebrafish metastatic model. Tissue microarray data on 210 Singaporean lung adenocarcinomas indicate that cytoplasmic ACK1 was significantly over-expressed relative to paired adjacent non-tumor tissue. Interestingly, ACK1 expression in "normal" tissue adjacent to tumour, but not tumour, was independently associated with poor overall and relapse-free survival. In conclusion, inhibition of ACK1 with bosutinib attenuates migration and invasion in the context of KRAS mutant NSCLC and may fulfil a therapeutic niche through combinatorial treatment approaches.
Component framework for Web-based learning environments (2003)

As an emerging technology, distributed software components hold promise for software interoperability, composition and reuse. This paper reports on applying distributed components as a paradigm for realizing technology enriched learning. We present a background of software components together with a framework for realizing World Wide Web-based learning components. Primarily, the web provides a data-centric interface to learning participants. An activity-centric view is more typical in object-based systems and for many learners. We show how automated support for workflow can be applied to achieve activity-based learning components on the web. One of the primary goals of the framework is that it is open to utilize various services already commonly in place in a university setting. We exemplify some of the common framework services and discuss how these can be adapted to a specific organization or extended to achieve discipline specific services.
Sucrose inversion by immobilized yeast cells in a complete mixing reactor (1975)

Abstract Using whole cell invertase of Saccharomyces pastorianus , entrapped in spherical agar pellets, sucrose hydrolysis was carried out in a continuously fed fluidized bed reactor. The effective rate of reaction determined experimentally for the catalytic pellet was correlated with particle radius ( R ), intraparticle concentration of enzyme ( E p ) and external concentration of substrate ( S R ). The results were elucidated by theoretical analysis incorporating internal mass transfer resistance. At high degrees of diffusional resistance, the effectiveness factor was successfully estimted from Bischoff's equation. A dimensionless number, m A  R ( k 2 E p / K m D ) 0.5 ( K m /( K m + S R )), was used conveniently to predict the effectiveness factor in those cases wher the intraparticle diffusional effect was less significant. This number was employed to determine critical pellet size for an optimal reaction. The relationship between the properties of the pellet (size and intraparticle enzyme activity) and its apparent kinetic constants ( k ′ 2 and K ′ m ), estimated according to Lineweaver‐Burk, are discussed.
Efficacy of a Novel Ophthalmic Antimicrobial Drug Combination Toward a Large Panel of Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Ocular Isolates From Around the World (2020)

We established that antibiotic resistance is pervasive among clinical S. aureus isolates, underscoring the concern for the effectiveness of current ophthalmic antibiotics. The drug combination of PT + rifampin, however, eradicated 100% of isolates tested, demonstrating the ability to overcome existing circulating resistance factors, and as such, might represent a promising therapeutic for S. aureus keratitis.
Silicon-29 NMR studies of aqueous silicate solutions. 2. Transverse silicon-29 relaxation and the kinetics and mechanism of silicate polymerization (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilicon-29 NMR studies of aqueous silicate solutions. 2. Transverse silicon-29 relaxation and the kinetics and mechanism of silicate polymerizationStephen D. Kinrade and Thomas W. SwaddleCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 23, 4259–4264Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00296a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00296a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Perbunan Properties and Compounding (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPerbunan Properties and CompoundingR. A. Moll, R. M. Howlett, and D. J. BuckleyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1942, 34, 11, 1284–1291Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50395a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50395a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Highly Aligned Ultrahigh Density Arrays of Conducting Polymer Nanorods using Block Copolymer Templates (2008)

Ultrahigh density arrays of conducting polypyrrole (PPy) nanorods are fabricated directly on the indium-tin oxide coated glass by an electropolymerization within a porous diblock copolymer template. The nanorods are shown to have conductivity much higher than thin PPy films, due to the high degree of chain orientation, even though the separation distance for two neighboring PPy main chains is as small as 0.37 nm. The ultrahigh density arrays of conducting polymer nanorods have potential applications as sensor materials, nanoactuators, and organic photovoltaic devices.
A Novel Approach to Study the DNA of Herpes Zoster Virus (1977)

Herpes zoster virus DNA was isolated from infected human embryo lung cells because it is released into the "Hirt supernatant". The buoyant density of the virus DNA was found to be slightly higher than that of cellular DNA. The molecular weight of this DNA was estimated to be 92 x 10(6) daltons by cosedimentation with T4 DNA in neutral sucrose gradients. As with the DNA of other herpesviruses, the DNA of herpes zoster virus is fragmented when denatured under alkaline conditions and is therefore "alkali-labile". Studies of virus DNA using reassociation kinetics reveal that the kinetic complexity of the DNA correlates with the genome size as estimated by sucrose gradient sedimentation.
Intelligent gamma-ray spectroscopy using 3-D position-sensitive detectors (2003)

The performance of gamma-ray spectrometers at high energies (several MeV) can be greatly improved through intelligent spectroscopic analysis if spatial information is obtained for each energy deposition. In position-sensitive detectors, the energy and three-dimensional (3-D) position of each interaction in the detector are determined. Recognizing the signatures of multiple interactions in the detector can help to reconstruct the energies of the initial gamma-rays even when the full energies are not deposited. Experimental work by our research group has demonstrated the feasibility of carrying out spatially resolved measurements of individual gamma-ray interactions throughout the volume of a CdZnTe spectrometer. We present the results of a simulation study for gamma-rays incident upon a 6-cm/sup 3/ CdZnTe detector using two reconstruction methods: high-efficiency intelligent spectroscopy (HEIS) in which the peak-to-total ratio is greatly improved relative to traditional spectroscopy while maintaining almost the same intrinsic peak efficiency; and peak-only intelligent spectroscopy (POIS) in which the peak-to-total ratio can approach 0.9, assuming realistic values for energy resolution. Although POIS reduces the intrinsic peak efficiency, it will significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio for many measurements. The predicted performance is unprecedented for a detector of such small volume and illustrates the gains that can be expected by exploiting 3-D information.
Murine and human TSPYL genes: novel members of the TSPY-SET-NAP1L1 family (1998)

Using expressed sequence tag (EST) sequence information, novel genes related to the Y chromosome gene family TSPY were isolated and characterized. Because of a significant homology to TSPY, the novel genes were designated TSPY-Like (TSPYL) and were assigned as new members of the TSPY-SET-NAP1L1 family. A human TSPYL gene was localized on chromosome 6 and a murine Tspyl gene was localized on chromosome 10. Expression of TSPYL was observed in all tissues investigated, as well as early onset during development. Both the human and murine Tspyl homologs lack introns over the entire region so far investigated and are thought to have arisen by an ancient retroposition event. Retroposition of Tspyl genes is supported by the isolation of a murine Tspyl pseudogene on chromosome 12 which also lacks intronic sequences, and by its observed proximity to an R element, a family of dispersed repetitive DNA.
Asymmetric Syntheses via Heterocyclic Intermediates; VIII<sup>1</sup>. Enantioselective Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)-α-Methyl-α-amino Acids using L-Valine as Chiral Auxiliary Reagent (1981)

published
On predicting a band-limited signal based on past sample values (1987)

The prediction of samples of a band-limited real signal x <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</inf> (t) from a finite number of past samples is considered. It is shown how a signal-independent linear predictor of finite order can be constructed based on Chebyshev polynomials, such that the prediction error tends to zero for sampling rate exceeding the Nyquist rate.
Morphological and electromechanical studies of fibers coated with electrically conductive polymer (2005)

Abstract Electrically conductive fibers have been prepared by polymerization of pyrrole on surfaces of commercial polymer fibers. Thickness and morphology of the conducting thin film on the surface of the fibers were examined by scanning probe microscopy, indicating a strong dependence of the substrate's nature, in addition to the processing conditions. Electromechanical property was investigated by an electromechanical testing system, showing that a smooth and uniform coating and the matched mechanical properties will lead to a satisfied performance of conductive fiber sensors. The difference in the behavior of two types of composite fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy in situ observations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1844–1854, 2005