gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Be Aware of the Hot Zone: A Warning System of Hazard Area Prediction to Intervene Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreak (2020)

Dating back from late December 2019, the Chinese city of Wuhan has reported an outbreak of atypical pneumonia, now known as lung inflammation caused by novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Cases have spread to other cities in China and more than 180 countries and regions internationally. World Health Organization (WHO) officially declares the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic and the public health emergency is perhaps one of the top concerns in the year of 2020 for governments all over the world. Till today, the coronavirus outbreak is still raging and has no sign of being under control in many countries. In this paper, we aim at drawing lessons from the COVID-19 outbreak process in China and using the experiences to help the interventions against the coronavirus wherever in need. To this end, we have built a system predicting hazard areas on the basis of confirmed infection cases with location information. The purpose is to warn people to avoid of such hot zones and reduce risks of disease transmission through droplets or contacts. We analyze the data from the daily official information release which are publicly accessible. Based on standard classification frameworks with reinforcements incrementally learned day after day, we manage to conduct thorough feature engineering from empirical studies, including geographical, demographic, temporal, statistical, and epidemiological features. Compared with heuristics baselines, our method has achieved promising overall performance in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, F1 score, and AUC. We expect that our efforts could be of help in the battle against the virus, the common opponent of human kind.
Genome-wide analysis reveals distinct patterns of epigenetic features in long non-coding RNA loci (2012)

A major fraction of the transcriptome of higher organisms comprised an extensive repertoire of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) which express in a cell type and development stage-specific manner. While lncRNAs are a proven component of epigenetic gene expression modulation, epigenetic regulation of lncRNA itself remains poorly understood. Here we have analysed pan-genomic DNA methylation and histone modification marks (H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3) associated with transcription start site (TSS) of lncRNA in four different cell types and three different tissue types representing various cellular stages. We observe that histone marks associated with active transcription H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 along with the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 have similar distribution pattern around TSS irrespective of cell types. Also, the density of these marks correlates well with expression of protein-coding and lncRNA genes. In contrast, the lncRNA genes harbour higher methylation density around TSS than protein-coding genes regardless of their expression status. Furthermore, we found that DNA methylation along with the other repressive histone mark H3K9me3 does not seem to play a role in lncRNA expression. Thus, our observation suggests that epigenetic regulation of lncRNA shares common features with mRNA except the role of DNA methylation which is markedly dissimilar.
Adapted magnetic wheel unit for compact robots inspecting complex shaped pipe structures (2007)

This paper describes a novel magnetic wheel unit integrating a mechanism that can be used for lifting and stabilizing the unit. The mechanism consists of 2 active lever arms mounted on each side of the wheel and rotating coaxially with the wheel. This mechanism allows slightly lifting the magnetic wheel at any desired position on the wheel circumference and consequently decreasing the magnetic force at this specific location. The same mechanism can also be used to stabilize the wheel, when external forces are unfavorable. This paper also describes the potential of this concept for in-pipe inspection technologies. Indeed it can be used to increase the mobility of magnetic wheels robots which are currently not able to negotiate complex obstacles. At the same time, it allows building smaller robots, since the self stabilizer system allows reducing the amount of required magnetic wheels to only two units.
Smoking, gender, and age as risk factors for site-specific intraoral squamous cell carcinoma. A case-series analysis (1994)

The findings suggest that cancer of the FOM is more strongly associated with smoking than is cancer of the gingiva and, perhaps, the tongue. The reported results should be interpreted cautiously in light of study limitations, which include the absence of information on alcohol consumption and lack of a noncancer control group.
E2A Acts in <i>cis</i> in G1 Phase of Cell Cycle to Promote Ig Gene Diversification (2009)

Rearranged Ig genes undergo diversification in sequence and structure initiated by the DNA deaminase, activation-induced deaminase. Ig genes must be transcribed for diversification to occur, but whether there are additional requirements for cis activation has not been established. Here we show, by chromatin immunoprecipitation, that the regulatory factor E2A associates with the rearranged Ig lambda(R) gene in the chicken DT40 B cell line, which performs constitutive Ig gene diversification. By analysis of a DT40 derivative in which polymerized lactose operator tags the rearranged lambda(R) gene, we show that E2A must function in cis to promote diversification and that stimulation of diversification in cis depends on the E2A activation domains. By direct imaging, we show that lambda(R)/E2A colocalizations are most prominent in G(1). We further show that expression of the E2A antagonist Id1 prevents lambda(R)/E2A colocalizations in G(1) and impairs diversification but not transcription of lambda(R). Thus, E2A acts in cis to promote Ig gene diversification, and G(1) phase is the critical window for E2A action.
The Role of the Immune System in Alzheimer's Disease (2009)

The accumulation of toxic products (TP) of the processing of the amyloid precursor protein is the likely initial event in a “cascade of events” that leads to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The immune system is, however, attracting the increasing attention of researchers working in this area. First, as a responder to and possible contributor to the pathological events that occur in AD, second as a modifier of the production of and clearance of TP, third as part of a system of neuroprotection, and fourth as a suitable target in designing AD treatment strategies. While still at an early stage of understanding these complex, multidimensional, and at times, conflicting roles of the immune system in AD it is likely that successful AD treatment strategies will need to carefully consider and account for the immune network within the overall design.
Inhibitory effects of catechol derivatives on arachidonic acid-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets. (1991)

Pyrocatechol and other non-substituted dihydric phenols, which have strong redox power, inhibited arachidonic acid-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets at much lower concentrations than those at which these phenols inhibited stable prostaglandin endoperoxide, U46619-induced aggregation. Among non-substituted dihydric phenols, pyrocatechol was most potent. In order to clarify the physicochemical properties of the phenolic compounds which control the inhibitory potencies of dihydric phenols, we observed the inhibitory effects of 3- and 4-substituents of pyrocatechol on arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation. Among seven derivatives tested, the inhibitory effect of 4-C6H5-substituent was strongest and 4-COOH-substituent was weakest. Inhibitory effects of the catechol derivatives were well correlated with the quotients of their hydrophobicities and oxidation-reduction potentials. Inhibitory effects of hydroquinone and resorcinol were also on the same correlation line. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of catechol derivatives and other dihydric phenols are controlled by two physicochemical properties: oxidation-reduction potential and hydrophobicity.
Synthesis of Diethyl 1,2,3-Triazolealkylphosphonates through 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azides with Acetylenes (1994)

A!aluZ-45-Disubstituted I-fdiethoxyphosphoryImethy1)-1.2.3-triazoles were prepared through thermal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diethyl aridoalkylphosphonates with alkynes.1,2,3-Tnazoles have received much attention because of their range of applications, not only for their theoretical interest and synthetic value1 but also for their utility in agriculture2 as fungicides?" herbicides? and industry as light stabilizers.5fluorescent whitener^,^ optical brightening agents and corrosion reta~dants.~-~Moreover, 1.2.3-&ole derivatives show significant antimic~obial,'~ cytostatic,ll-14 virostatic,l5 and antiinflamat~ry'~ activity.
Dermal fibroblasts participate in the formation of new muscle fibres when implanted into regenerating normal mouse muscle (2001)

Both in vitro and in vivo studies have described the conversion of fibroblasts to myogenesis when in the presence of dysfunctional myogenic cells. Myogenic conversion of fibroblasts subjected to a normal, as opposed to a diseased muscle environment has only been reported in vitro. The primary aim of this work was to determine if fibroblasts can convert to a myogenic lineage and contribute to new fibre formation when implanted into the regenerating muscle of a normal mouse. Dermal fibroblasts were prepared from neonatal mouse skin and labelled prior to implantation with the fluorescent nuclear marker 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Cells were implanted into muscles of host mice that had been subjected to either cold/crush or minced muscle injury. Some host muscles were x-irradiated to deplete the muscle of endogenous muscle precursor cells. Muscles were removed at 3 wk postimplantation and analysed both histologically and for the presence of DAPI labelled nuclei. Fibres containing DAPI labelled central nuclei indicated that the implanted cells had participated in the regenerative process. Mouse dermal fibroblasts therefore do contribute to muscle fibre formation in regenerating normal mouse muscle but the extent of their contribution is dependent on the nature of the trauma induced in the host muscle. The study also showed that regeneration was more successful in muscles which had not been irradiated, which is contrary to the previous studies where dermal fibroblasts were introduced into myopathic mouse muscle.
Ischemic preconditioning activates AMPK in a PKC-dependent manner and induces GLUT4 up-regulation in the late phase of cardioprotection (2003)

PC activated AMPK and up-regulated GLUT4 expression in a PKC-dependent manner. This GLUT4 up-regulation at 24 h after PC may contribute to attenuation of myocardial stunning.
Conformationally restricted analogs of angiotensin II: titration and biological activity. (1988)

1. Six conformationally restricted analogues of angiotensin II containing one disulfide bridge were synthesized by the solid-phase method. 2. These cyclic analogues were titrated electrometrically and spectrophotometrically and their biological activities were assayed on the isolated guinea pig ileum and rat blood pressure. 3. The conformation restrictions led to significant differences in the pKa values of the titratable groups in all six analogs. 4. The comparison of titration data between the cyclic and linear analogs of angiotensin II indicates that in the pH range 4 to 9, angiotensin II has a preferential folded conformation. An expanded conformation is assumed to occur at pH below 4 and above 9. 5. The biological activities of all cyclic analogs were less than 0.2% of the activity of angiotensin II in both bioassays.
[Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of thirty metals and metalloids elements in blood samples]. (2012)

This method was simple, fast and effective. It can be used to monitor the multi-elementary concentration in human blood.
ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL EFFECTS OF SHOCK WAVES IN CRYSTALLINE QUARTZ (1961)

Quartz exhibits a piezoelectric response to shocks of pressures up to at least 300 kb. Up to 25 kb, the positive X-cut output is linear and is useful in a quantitative hightime-resolution technique for recording the profiles of elastic precursor waves in solids. Beyond 50 kb the response is remarkable in that both positively- and negatively-oriented X-cut elements produce positive outputs. This behavior is accounted for by internal conduction of electrons which are produced by ionization at elastic and plastic wavefronts and are accelerated by the piezoelectric field. Photographs of shock-induced optical emission support the ionization-conduction model. (auth)
The Azaallylic Anion as a Synthon for Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Heterocycles: Domino Two‐ and Three‐Component Synthesis of Indoles (2007)

Piecing it all together with palladium: Two- and three-component cascade processes that are promoted by a multifunctional Pd catalyst lead to indoles in a highly efficient manner (see scheme). The key step is the Pd-catalyzed α-arylation of imines with o-dihalobenzene derivatives.
Efficacy and toxicity of neutralizers against disinfectants and antiseptics used in vaccine production facility (2012)

Effective neutralization of chemical biocide is the first step in the accurate evaluation of antiseptics and
disinfectants to avoid overestimation of the biocide activity. The aim of this study is to screen novel
neutralizers (or neutralizer combinations) against different antiseptics and disinfectants that are highly
used in the principle vaccine production facility in Egypt. Neutralizer efficacy (NE) ratios were
determined by comparing the recovery of the challenging index microorganisms from the neutralizing
solution in the presence, or the absence, of the biocide. Neutralizer toxicity (NT) ratios were determined
by comparing the recovery of viable microorganisms in the neutralizer exposed population and the
viability population. An effective and non-toxic neutralizer was initially identified by NE and NT ratios of
≥ 0.75 (75% recovery). The most potent neutralizers were 1% physiological peptone water, 0.1 % Tween
80 in 1% physiological peptone, 0.6% sodium thiosulphate and Dey-Engley. Due to the absence of a
universal neutralizer, the evaluation of NE and toxicity is an essential step in testing any new biocide.
The evaluation of neutralizer activity should be carried out separately for each index microorganism
and neutralizer pair to identify the most potent compound in each case.
Key words: Antiseptics, disinfectants, neutralizers.
Electrooptic response of smectic O and smectic O (1993)

Abstract We present the results of our investigations on the electrooptic properties of the smectic O and O* phases of m7tac (1-methylheptyl terephthalylidene-bis-4-aminocinnamate). At low voltages, we observed striking electrochromic effects and, in O* at high voltages, a field induced phase transition. Freely suspended thick films of m7tac in the O and O* phases are weakly biaxial. A framework is proposed to account for our observations.
A Case of Sarcoidosis Associated With Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Treatment (2015)

Sarcoidosis is a systemic chronic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. It predominantly involves the lungs but can affect many organs or tissues in the body, such as the lymphatic system, skin, eyes, and liver. Typical histopathological lesions are noncaseating granulomas in the affected organ or tissue. Indications, type of treatment, and duration of sarcoidosis treatment is currently debated. Despite studies showing that anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) treatment can successfully be used in refractory sarcoidosis, there are some case reports regarding the development of sarcoidosis with these agents. There have been reports of 47 anti-TNF-associated cases of sarcoidosis until 2012. The patient is a 54-year-old Caucasian male. During routine examinations of the patient who had been followed for psoriasis vulgaris for 20 years and who had been on several anti-TNF regimens thereafter, new pulmonary pathologies due to sarcoidosis were detected. We present here a case of sarcoidosis that developed after infliximab treatment and showed obvious radiologic regression with discontinuation of treatment. During anti-TNF treatment, it should be kept in mind that autoimmune and granulomatous diseases may develop and particular care should be given to patient follow-ups.
Single-longitudinal-mode cw room-temperature Ga1−<i>x</i>Al<i>x</i>As-GaAs channel-guide lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1978)

Single-longitudinal-mode operation of cw room-temperature Ga1−xAlxAs-GaAs double-heterostructure lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition has been achieved. These lasers employ a channel-guide structure to stabilize the transverse-parallel waveguide mode. Single-mode operation is reported over a wide range of dc currents.
Epigenetic coordination of embryonic heart transcription by dynamically regulated long noncoding RNAs (2014)

The vast majority of mammalian DNA does not encode for proteins but instead is transcribed into noncoding (nc)RNAs having diverse regulatory functions. The poorly characterized subclass of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) can epigenetically regulate protein-coding genes by interacting locally in cis or distally in trans. A few reports have implicated specific lncRNAs in cardiac development or failure, but precise details of lncRNAs expressed in hearts and how their expression may be altered during embryonic heart development or by adult heart disease is unknown. Using comprehensive quantitative RNA sequencing data from mouse hearts, livers, and skin cells, we identified 321 lncRNAs present in the heart, 117 of which exhibit a cardiac-enriched pattern of expression. By comparing lncRNA profiles of normal embryonic (∼E14), normal adult, and hypertrophied adult hearts, we defined a distinct fetal lncRNA abundance signature that includes 157 lncRNAs differentially expressed compared with adults (fold-change ≥ 50%, false discovery rate = 0.02) and that was only poorly recapitulated in hypertrophied hearts (17 differentially expressed lncRNAs; 13 of these observed in embryonic hearts). Analysis of protein-coding mRNAs from the same samples identified 22 concordantly and 11 reciprocally regulated mRNAs within 10 kb of dynamically expressed lncRNAs, and reciprocal relationships of lncRNA and mRNA levels were validated for the Mccc1 and Relb genes using in vitro lncRNA knockdown in C2C12 cells. Network analysis suggested a central role for lncRNAs in modulating NFκB- and CREB1-regulated genes during embryonic heart growth and identified multiple mRNAs within these pathways that are also regulated, but independently of lncRNAs.
Certain Factors in the Preparation of Cortin. (1931)

The potency of the extracts used in this study has been tested by the effect on the growth of young adrenalectomized white rats. This test has been carried out immediately after adrenalectomy as that is the most crucial period of adrenal insufficiency. Sometimes when the animals have failed to grow they have been further tested by their resistance to cold, comparison being made with adrenalectomized rats treated with adequate cortin. In an earlier work on the hormone of the adrenal cortex in which it was salted out with the globulins we found that exposure of the precipitate to air for a few hours reduced the potency. Moreover heating the extract of the sodium chloride precipitate to 8o°C. for 5 min. with stirring, to cause admixture with air, destroyed the hormone. From this evidence we concluded that it was necessary to operate in the absence of O2. Distillation of the ether at atmospheric pressure in the preparation by the ether-alcohol method produces a less potent extract than when the distillation is in vacuo. Heating the concentrated extract in an open beaker for one hour at 80°C. without stirring does not appreciably destroy the hormone. The extract can be boiled for a short period (5 minutes) in the absence of oxygen without great loss of potency. Small amounts of antioxidants, such as hydroquinone, resorcinol or levulose retard the loss of potency in aqueous solution. The hormone can be preserved in 80-9570 alcohol for weeks. Cortin is very unstable in the presence of the fixed alkalies. It seems to be completely destroyed by tenth normal NaOH at 20°C. in less than one hour.
Molecular cloning and expression of thermostable glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase of <i>Penicillium funiculosum</i> NCL1 in <i>Pichia pastoris</i> and its characterization (2015)

A partial peptide sequence of β-glucosidase isoform (Bgl4) of Penicillium funiculosum NCL1 was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The cDNA (bgl4) encoding Bgl4 protein was cloned from P. funiculosum NCL1 RNA by consensus RT-PCR. The bgl4 gene encoded 857 amino acids that contained catalytic domains specific for glycoside hydrolase family 3. The cDNA was over-expressed in Pichia pastoris KM71H and the recombinant protein (rBgl4) was purified with the specific activity of 1,354.3 U/mg. The rBgl4 was a glycoprotein with the molecular weight of ~130 kDa and showed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 60 °C. The enzyme was thermo-tolerant up to 60 °C for 60 min. The rBgl4 was highly active on aryl substrates with β-glucosidic, β-xylosidic linkages and moderately active on cellobiose and salicin. It showed remarkably high substrate conversion rate of 3,332 and 2,083 μmol/min/mg with the substrates p-nitrophenyl β-glucoside and cellobiose respectively. In addition, the rBgl4 showed tolerance to glucose concentration up to 400 mM. It exhibited twofold increase in glucose yield when supplemented with crude cellulase of Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30 in cellulose hydrolysis. These results suggested that rBgl4 is a thermo- and glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase and is a potential supplement for commercial cellulase in cellulose hydrolysis and thereby assures profitability in bioethanol production.
A theoretical basis for spontaneous polarization transfer in non-hydrogenative <i>para</i>hydrogen-induced polarization (2009)

When parahydrogen adds to a metal template containing a substrate of interest, the substrate and parahydrogen become coupled, and polarization is shared between the two without the incorporation of the parahydrogen into the substrate. A mechanism for this polarization transfer is presented in which the transfer is propagated through the scalar couplings. At zero field, polarization is transferred between two-, three-, and four-spin zero quantum states, but no single spin magnetization is created. The interplay between the chemical shift evolution and the evolution under scalar coupling at non-zero field generates additional longitudinal spin order and now includes single spin longitudinal z-magnetization. The additional chemical shift interaction introduces a field dependency to the nuclear spin states of the polarized substrate. The net effect of the polarization field strength on the resultant nuclear spin states is shown to be predictable but complex.
Pseudo-A(1,3) Strain as a Key Conformational Control Element in the Design of Poly-<scp>l</scp>-proline Type II Peptide Mimics (1998)

A strategy for the synthesis of peptide mimics of the poly-l-proline type II secondary structure from 4-substituted prolines is presented. Dimeric and trimeric oligomers composed of 4-substituted prolines are shown by NMR to preferentially populate the poly-l-proline type II secondary structure in both CDCl3 and D2O. Oligomers composed of 4-substituted prolines thus imitate the desired backbone conformation and are able to incorporate non-prolyl side chains on the proline backbone.