gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nav1.9 Channel Contributes to Mechanical and Heat Pain Hypersensitivity Induced by Subacute and Chronic Inflammation (2011)

Inflammation is known to be responsible for the sensitization of peripheral sensory neurons, leading to spontaneous pain and invalidating pain hypersensitivity. Given its role in regulating neuronal excitability, the voltage-gated Nav1.9 channel is a potential target for the treatment of pathological pain, but its implication in inflammatory pain is yet not fully described. In the present study, we examined the role of the Nav1.9 channel in acute, subacute and chronic inflammatory pain using Nav1.9-null mice and Nav1.9 knock-down rats. In mice we found that, although the Nav1.9 channel does not contribute to basal pain thresholds, it plays an important role in heat pain hypersensitivity induced by subacute paw inflammation (intraplantar carrageenan) and chronic ankle inflammation (complete Freund's adjuvant-induced monoarthritis). We showed for the first time that Nav1.9 also contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity in both models, as assessed using von Frey and dynamic weight bearing tests. Consistently, antisense-based Nav1.9 gene silencing in rats reduced carrageenan-induced heat and mechanical pain hypersensitivity. While no changes in Nav1.9 mRNA levels were detected in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) during subacute and chronic inflammation, a significant increase in Nav1.9 immunoreactivity was observed in ipsilateral DRGs 24 hours following carrageenan injection. This was correlated with an increase in Nav1.9 immunolabeling in nerve fibers surrounding the inflamed area. No change in Nav1.9 current density could be detected in the soma of retrolabeled DRG neurons innervating inflamed tissues, suggesting that newly produced channels may be non-functional at this level and rather contribute to the observed increase in axonal transport. Our results provide evidence that Nav1.9 plays a crucial role in the generation of heat and mechanical pain hypersensitivity, both in subacute and chronic inflammatory pain models, and bring new elements for the understanding of its regulation in those models.
Modulation of Transforming Growth Factor-<i>β</i>Production in Normal Human Osteoblast-Like Cells by 17<i>β</i>-Estradiol and Parathyroid Hormone (1991)

Although our laboratory has reported that normal human osteoblast-like (hOB) cells contain estrogen receptors, we have failed to find major effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on modulation of proliferation of bone matrix protein production by hOB cells. Because the major effect of E2 in vivo is to decrease bone resorption and because transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been reported to decrease osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, we have tested the hypothesis that the effect of E2 on osteoclast activity is, at least in part, indirectly mediated by enhancing production of TGF-beta by osteoblasts. We therefore have extended our studies to examine possible TGF-beta gene expression including the modulation of the release of TGF-beta by E2 in near homogenous populations of hOB cells. TGF-beta protein production was measured using growth inhibition of CCL-64 cells and verified by blocking effects with anti-TGF-beta antibodies. TGF-beta 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) steady state levels were assessed by northern blot analysis and quantitated by densitometric measurement using 18S ribosomal RNA as a reference. There was an E2 dose-dependent increase in TGF-beta protein production within 24 h of challenge with E2. Northern blots from these cells demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in steady state mRNA levels of TGF-beta 1 within 6 h of treatment. PTH was also a potent stimulator of TGF-beta protein and message levels in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, coincubation of equimolar concentrations of E2 and PTH (10(-8) M) abrogated the stimulation of TGF-beta 1 mRNA and protein. Decreasing the relative concentration of PTH in this coincubation with E2 increased TGF-beta 1 mRNA and protein levels. These data support the fact that E2 modulates TGF-beta production in osteoblasts. In this manner TGF-beta may mediate E2 inhibition of osteoclast activity.
.alpha.-Trimethylsilyl boronic esters. Pinacol lithio(trimethylsilyl)methaneboronate, homologation of boronic esters with [chloro(trimethylsilyl)methyl]lithium, and comparisons with some phosphorus and sulfur analogs (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Trimethylsilyl boronic esters. Pinacol lithio(trimethylsilyl)methaneboronate, homologation of boronic esters with [chloro(trimethylsilyl)methyl]lithium, and comparisons with some phosphorus and sulfur analogsDonald S. Matteson and Debesh MajumdarCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 2, 230–236Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/om00074a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2643Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (934 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Designing with superconductors (1993)

The characteristics of thin high-temperature superconductors (HTSs), and the requirements particular to devices made of these materials are described. The use of HTSs in filters and oscillators is examined. The need to fine tune the distributed-resonator elements used in these devices is discussed. The use of HTSs for digital IC interconnects and attendant cooling problems are considered. The benefits of combining HTS circuitry with cryogenically cooled non-HTS electronics are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid detection of hypnotics using surface-enhanced Raman scattering based on gold nanoparticle co-aggregation in a wet system (2019)

Sensitive detection of drugs using a method with high qualification capability is important for forensic drug analysis. Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful screening technique because it can provide detailed structural information of the compounds included in samples with simple experimental protocols. Among various spectroscopic techniques, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has attracted enormous attention owing to its ultra-high sensitivity. In this study, we developed a method for rapid detection of hypnotics using SERS with gold nanoparticle co-aggregation in a wet system. The developed method required a simple analytical protocol. This enabled rapid analysis with high stability and repeatability. We analyzed various hypnotics (19 types including benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepines) to investigate the structure-spectrum relationship. As a proof of concept for application to real crime samples, simulated spiked beverages containing one hypnotic (etizolam, flunitrazepam, zolpidem, or zopiclone) were analyzed. Diluting the beverage samples decreased the matrix effect and allowed for detection of these hypnotics. Except for flunitrazepam, strong signals were observed for all hypnotics, and the estimated lower limit of detection was 50 ppm in apple drink. The developed approach is a rapid method for screening analysis of hypnotics with low sample requirements.
Effect of Very Low Birth Weight and Subnormal Head Size on Cognitive Abilities at School Age (1991)

In very-low-birth-weight infants, perinatal growth failure, as evidenced by a subnormal head circumference at eight months of age, is associated with poor cognitive function, academic achievement, and behavior at eight years of age.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antiviral Response of CD4-Immunoglobulin G by Intravenous Bolus in AIDS and AIDS-Related Complex (1995)

To assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral effects of intravenous recombinant CD4 immunoglobulin G (CD4-IgG), a 12-week Phase One study with an optional maintenance phase was performed. Twenty-two subjects with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were enrolled; 15 subjects completed the initial 12 weeks. CD4-IgG doses were 30, 100, or 300 micrograms/kg weekly; 1,000 micrograms/kg once, twice, or three times per week; or 3,000 micrograms/kg twice weekly. Serum concentrations of CD4-IgG increased linearly with dose, with average peak serum concentrations of 22 micrograms/ml with 1,000 micrograms/kg. CD4-IgG was well tolerated; one patient had self-limited tachycardia and flushing associated with CD4-IgG therapy. No changes were seen in CD4 cell counts, hematologic or coagulation studies, serum chemistries, HIV p24 antigen titers, or plasma HIV titers. No subject developed anti-CD4 antibodies. HIV isolates from five patients had IC90 values that were higher than the peak concentrations of CD4-IgG achieved in those patients. Additional studies that achieve higher CD4-IgG concentrations are necessary to evaluate the antiviral activity of this compound.
Characterization of octopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase: elucidation of a class of potent and selective octopamine-2 receptor agonists with toxic effects in insects. (1985)

Octopamine-2 receptors, associated with activation of adenylate cyclase, mediate a number of the important hormonal and neurotransmitter functions of octopamine in invertebrates. By utilizing the highly enriched octopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase present in the firefly light organ, it has been possible to pharmacologically characterize octopamine-2 receptors and to define a new class of highly potent and selective octopamine-2 agonists. At low concentrations, these substituted phenyliminoimidazolidines stimulate light emission when injected into fireflies. At somewhat higher concentrations, these compounds, when ingested by tobacco hornworms, cause disruption of motor and feeding behavior, leading to insect death. The effects of these compounds are markedly potentiated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors and mimicked by other activators of octopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase, including octopamine itself. Because octopamine-2 receptors appear to be present primarily in invertebrates, these findings, together with other data, raise the possibility that potent and selective octopamine agonists could be useful as insect toxins with low toxicity in vertebrates.
Grover disease (transient acantholytic dermatosis). (2009)

Grover disease, also known as transient acantholytic dermatosis, is a papulovesicular rash of the upper trunk, generally among older white males; it is usually pruritic but temporary. Grover disease is characterized by 4 different acantholytic histologic patterns, and it has been associated with numerous disorders, including hematologic malignancies. Follow-up and treatment are often difficult to evaluate secondary to the spontaneous remittance and occasional fluctuant course of the disease. Our objective will be to discuss the diagnostic considerations of Grover disease and focus on the postulated pathogenesis, including concurrent disorders and the role of the pathologist in examining skin biopsies of this nonhereditary vesicobullous disorder. Although recognized as a common condition, Grover disease's pathogenesis still remains unknown. Because Grover disease has been associated frequently with other dermatologic and nondermatologic skin conditions, inspection for other pathologic processes within the skin biopsy is essential to rule out other concomitant disorders, including hematopoietic malignancies.
Capabilities of the Telephone Network for Data Transmission (1960)

This paper presents the results of a nationwide data transmission field testing program on the telephone switched message network. Error performance using the FM digital subset is described and basic transmission characteristics such as net loss, bandwidth, envelope delay and noise are given.
A description of the solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling based on nonlinear filters (1995)

A nonlinear filtering method is introduced for the study of the solar wind — magnetosphere coupling and related to earlier linear techniques. The filters are derived from the magnetospheric state, a representation of the magnetospheric conditions in terms of a few global variables, here the auroral electrojet indices. The filters also couple to the input, a representation of the solar wind variables, here the rectified electric field. Filter‐based iterative prediction of the indices has been obtained for up to 20 hours. The prediction is stable with respect to perturbations in the initial magnetospheric state; these decrease exponentially at the rate of 30 min −1 . The performance of the method is examined for a wide range of parameters and is superior to that of other linear and nonlinear techniques. In the magnetospheric state representation the coupling is modeled as a small number of nonlinear equations under a time‐dependent input.
Wnt2 Coordinates the Commitment of Mesoderm to Hematopoietic, Endothelial, and Cardiac Lineages in Embryoid Bodies (2006)

Our recent gene expression profiling analyses demonstrated that Wnt2 is highly expressed in Flk1(+) cells, which serve as common progenitors of endothelial cells, blood cells, and mural cells. In this report, we characterize the role of Wnt2 in mesoderm development during embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation by creating ES cell lines in which Wnt2 was deleted. Wnt2(-/-) embryoid bodies (EBs) generated increased numbers of Flk1(+) cells and blast colony-forming cells compared with wild-type EBs, and had higher Flk1 expression at comparable stages of differentiation. Although Flk1(+) cells were increased, we found that endothelial cell and terminal cardiomyocyte differentiation was impaired, but hematopoietic cell differentiation was enhanced and smooth muscle cell differentiation was unchanged in Wnt2(-/-) EBs. Later stage Wnt2(-/-) EBs had either lower or undetectable expression of endothelial and cardiac genes compared with wild-type EBs. Consistently, vascular plexi were poorly formed and neither beating cardiomyocytes nor alpha-actinin-staining cells were detectable in later stage Wnt2(-/-) EBs. In contrast, hematopoietic cell gene expression was upregulated, and the number of hematopoietic progenitor colonies was significantly enhanced in Wnt2(-/-) EBs. Our data indicate that Wnt2 functions at multiple stages of development during ES cell differentiation and during the commitment and diversification of mesoderm: as a negative regulator for hemangioblast differentiation and hematopoiesis but alternatively as a positive regulator for endothelial and terminal cardiomyocyte differentiation.
A Unique Cooling Approach Makes Aluminum Alloy Cylinder Heads Cost Effective (1977)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The objective of this paper is to introduce the design of a unique cooling approach for internal combustion engines which results in a major weight reduction with virtually no cost penalty.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reveals details of a design that solves the problems of utilizing aluminum alloys instead of a cast iron alloys for internal combusion engine cylinder head material without incurring the large cost penalties currently associated with this procedure. This is accomplished by the invention of a unique cooling system that scientifically controls the operating temperature of all vital areas of the cylinder head without using a sand cored water jacket passage. Eliminating the sand water jacket core from the manufacturing process of making cylinder head castings also allows the sand exhaust port core to be eliminated. Elimination of these cores results in substantial cost savings over conventional cast aluminum alloy cylinder heads. Additional cost savings result from the simple push-in exhaust port liners that can be used with this concept plus the reduction of ten pounds of coolant in a 5 litre V-8 engine.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A complete analysis of the unique cooling system is presented. This analysis is backed up by experimental data on flow velocities, pressure drops in all coolant passages plus actual engine data which include a full temperature, heat balance, octane and durability comparison with cast-iron cylinder heads.</div>
Synthese von Astaxanthin aus β‐Jonon. I. Erschliessung der enantiomeren C<sub>15</sub>‐<i>Wittig</i>salze durch chemische und mikrobiologische Racematspaltung von (±)‐3‐Acetoxy‐4‐oxo‐β‐jonon (1981)

Synthesis of Astaxanthin from β‐Ionone. I. A Route to the Enantiomeric C 15 ‐ Wittig Salts by Chemical and Microbial Resolution of (±)‐3‐Acetoxy‐4‐oxo‐β‐ionone Racemic 3‐acetoxy‐4‐oxo‐β‐ionone ( 10 ) was synthesized from the industrially accessible intermediate β‐ionone ( 5 ). Resolution of 10 into its enantiomers was achieved via the corresponding diastereomeric camphanates and by microbial resolution. Site‐selective alkylation of racemic and of optically pure 3‐acyloxy‐4‐oxo‐β‐ionones with vinyl magnesium chloride at −70° furnished the corresponding 3‐acyloxy‐4‐oxo‐9‐vinyl‐β‐ionols which could be transformed to the Wittig salts 1, 3 and 4 , respectively, following known procedures [1].
Crosslinking of Phycobiliproteins from the Cyanobacterium<i>Mastigocladus laminosus</i>with Bis-Imidates: Localization of an Intrasubunit and an Intersubunit Crosslink in C-Phycocyanin (1987)

The light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes allophycocyanin (AP), C-phycocyanin (PC) and phycoerythrocyanin (PEC) of the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus consist of alpha- and beta-subunits containing about 170 amino-acid residues each. These two subunits form an alpha,beta-monomer, three of which build up a disc-shaped trimer. In this study these phycobiliproteins were crosslinked with bis-imidates. Various spacer lengths of the reagent and various aggregation states of the phycobiliprotein were tested. An intersubunit crosslink could be verified in all three phycobiliproteins. PC-trimers were crosslinked with the homobifunctional reagent dimethyl pimelimidate having a maximal crosslinking distance of 10 A. Two crosslinks could be identified: an intramonomer intersubunit crosslink with a yield of 48% and an intrasubunit crosslink within alpha PC (57%). These products were chemically and enzymatically fragmented and the small crosslinked peptides were isolated and then identified by amino-acid analysis. The following amino acids were crosslinked: alpha-Val 1 with beta-Ala 1 and alpha-Lys 62 with alpha-Lys 134. Both crosslinks could be localized within the known three-dimensional structure of PC.
Lactate uptake contributes to the NAD(P)H biphasic response and tissue oxygen response during synaptic stimulation in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices (2007)

Synaptic train stimulation (10 Hz x 25 s) in hippocampal slices results in a biphasic response of NAD(P)H fluorescence indicating a transient oxidation followed by a prolonged reduction. The response is accompanied by a transient tissue PO(2) decrease indicating enhanced oxygen utilization. The activation of mitochondrial metabolism and/or glycolysis may contribute to the secondary NAD(P)H peak. We investigated whether extracellular lactate uptake via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) contributes to the generation of the NAD(P)H response during neuronal activation. We measured the effect of lactate uptake inhibition [using the MCT inhibitor alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (4-CIN)] on the NAD(P)H biphasic response, tissue PO(2) response, and field excitatory post-synaptic potential in hippocampal slices during synaptic stimulation in area CA1 (stratum radiatum). The application of 4-CIN (150-250 micromol/L) significantly decreased the reduction phase of the NAD(P)H response. When slices were supplemented with 20 mmol/L lactate in 150-250 micromol/L 4-CIN, the secondary NAD(P)H peak was restored; whereas 20 mmol/L pyruvate supplementation did not produce a recovery. Similarly, the tissue PO(2) response was decreased by MCT inhibition; 20 mmol/L lactate restored this response to control levels at all 4-CIN concentrations. These results indicate that lactate uptake via MCTs contributes significantly to energy metabolism in brain tissue and to the generation of the delayed NAD(P)H peak after synaptic stimulation.
A silicon electrostatic ultrasonic transducer (1989)

An electric ultrasonic transducer is developed by using a silicon IC process. Design considerations are first presented to obtain high sensitivity and the desired frequency responses in air. The measured transmitter sensitivity is 19.1 dB (0 dB=1 mubar/V) at a point 50 cm away from the devices, when the devices are operated at 150 kHz. The receiving sensitivity is 0.47 mV/Pa in the 10-130-kHz range, with bias voltages as low as 30 V. An electronic sector scanning operation is also achieved by time-sequentially driving seven elements arranged in a linear array on the same chip. The results should be helpful in the design of phased-array transducers integrated with electronic scanning circuits.
Incorporating uncertainties in respiratory motion into 4D treatment plan optimization (2009)

The purpose of this work is to investigate robust 4D optimization techniques which account for respiratory motion uncertainties. Two robust optimization techniques were applied to generate 4D optimized lung treatment plans. The probabilistic optimization approach minimizes the dose variance in the target volume while the worst case optimization minimizes a weighted combination of the nominal and worst case dose distributions which occur in the presence of respiratory motion variation. The two 4D optimization approaches were compared with a margin-based midventilation planning approach in five lung patients. Respiratory motion amplitude and baseline variations were quantified from tidal volume measurements during planning 4D CT acquisition. A similar target coverage was obtained for all three approaches, although the 4D optimization methods tended to be better at sparing the organs at risk. Both robust planning methods are suited for automatic determination of treatment plans which ensure target dose conformality under respiratory motion variations, while minimizing the dose burden of healthy lung tissue.