gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of call drop-outs during handoffs using efficient signal strength prediction algorithms for personal communication systems (2002)

In cellular mobile networks, the handoff decision is usually taken based on the past signal and interference level measurements taken at regular time intervals. Quality degradation can be minimized if a mobile can always be handed over to the base station which would provide highest quality during the next measurement cycle. For this purpose, a good prediction algorithm is needed to predict the condition of the signals received from various base stations during the next measurement cycle. One of the major objectives of this paper is to discuss whether a considerable quality improvement can be obtained using prediction. A lower-bound for the drop-out performance is obtained using a hypothetical scheme which assumes the best possible prediction. The performance of several prediction algorithms are considered under various shadowing conditions. It is found that the performance of prediction schemes greatly depends on the speed of the mobile and the shadowing correlation environment.
<i>Galactinol synthase1</i>. A Novel Heat Shock Factor Target Gene Responsible for Heat-Induced Synthesis of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides in Arabidopsis (2004)

Heat shock factors (HSFs) are transcriptional regulators of the heat shock response. The major target of HSFs are the genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are known to have a protective function that counteracts cytotoxic effects. To identify other HSF target genes, which may be important determinants for the generation of stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, we screened a library enriched for genes that are up-regulated in HSF3 (AtHsfA1b)-overexpressing transgenic plants (TPs). Galactinol synthase1 (GolS1) is one of the genes that is heat-inducible in wild type, but shows constitutive mRNA levels in HSF3 TPs. The generation and analysis of TPs containing GolS1-promoter::beta-glucuronidase-reporter gene constructs showed that, upon heat stress, the expression is transcriptionally controlled and occurs in all vegetative tissues. Functional consequences of GolS1 expression were investigated by the quantification of raffinose, stachyose, and galactinol contents in wild type, HSF3 TPs, and two different GolS1 knockout mutants (gols1-1 and gols1-2). This analysis demonstrates that (1) raffinose content in leaves increases upon heat stress in wild-type but not in the GolS1 mutant plants; and (2) the level of raffinose is enhanced and stachyose is present at normal temperature in HSF3 TPs. These data provide evidence that GolS1 is a novel HSF target gene, which is responsible for heat stress-dependent synthesis of raffinose, a member of the raffinose family oligosaccharides. The biological function of this osmoprotective substance and the role of HSF-dependent genes in this biochemical pathway are discussed.
Shear Testing of Powders for Process Optimization (2013)

In the present paper the principle of shear testing is explained. Further, it is shown how the results of a shear test can be applied on the optimization of powder flow in a process, either by modification of the flow properties of the powder, or by equipment design based on the powder properties.
Well Control of an Influx from a Fracture Breathing Formation (2000)

Abstract Hydrocarbon influxes into the wellbore while drilling are typically caused by over-pressured formations, where mud weight is insufficient to control the pore pressure of the formation drilled. Formation permeability and over-pressure determine the intensity of the kick. Well kill procedures in such situations are standard industry wide. Shut in drillpipe pressure is used to determine the pore pressure of the formation, and the driller's or weight and wait method is used to remove the hydrocarbon influx from the well. Hydrocarbon influxes associated with fracture breathing are much less common, and methods to deal with such influxes are not taught within the drilling industry. This paper describes two case studies: the first, Bard–1, an exploration well in the Timor Sea, offshore Australia, describes a well control situation that was initially interpreted as over-pressure. The well could only be killed by pumping cement. Investigation showed that the influx mechanism was a fracture breathing and hydrocarbon swap out mechanism. The high mud weights used in the attempt to kill the well actually exacerbated the situation. The second case study, Jura-1 which was located nearby Bard-1, describes design and procedures used to manage a similar influx mechanism. These were implemented successfully enabling the well to achieve its objectives.
GeneJockeyII (1997)

GeneJockey offers several methods of translating DNA to the equivalent peptide sequence.
Lotrafiban: an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blocker (2000)

Platelets play a major role in thrombus formation, as well as in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. Inhibition of platelet function is now emphasised more than ever for prevention and treatment of almost all vascular diseases, since thrombosis is established as the key pathogenic event causing acute ischaemic coronary and cerebrovascular syndromes. Although acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) has been shown to reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke, its effect is weak and more effective antithrombotic agents are required to manage patients at high-risk for recurrent vascular events. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (GPIIb/IIIa) blockade represents a significant advance in interventional cardiology and treatment of acute ischaemic syndromes. The past several years have seen the introduction of many platelet GPIIb/IIIa blockers into the clinical arena targeting the unique platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor for the adhesive proteins, fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor. Platelet GPIIb/IIIa blockers administered intravenously have proven efficacious in mitigating arterial thrombosis in acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) such as balloon dilatation and stent implantation. Currently, orally-active platelet GPIIb/IIIa blockers are being developed to provide additional benefits for primary and secondary prevention of thrombosis as chronic treatment, especially in high-risk patients. Lotrafiban (SmithKline Beecham) is a member of the latest generation of orally-active platelet GPIIb/IIIa blockers undergoing Phase III clinical trials to test the relative effectiveness versus other oral platelet inhibitors for ischaemic conditions including unstable angina, restenosis after PCI and stroke. Lotrafiban is converted from an esterified prodrug by plasma and liver esterases to a peptidomimetic of the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid amino acid sequence. This sequence itself mimics the binding site of fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor to the platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor. Preliminary results of the clinical trial APLAUD (antiplatelet useful dose) show that lotrafiban is clinically safe and well-tolerated in patients with recent myocardial infarction, unstable angina, transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or stroke when added to aspirin therapy. With lotrafiban, a worldwide large-scale Phase III clinical trial BRAVO (blockage of the GPIIb/IIIa receptor to avoid vascular occlusion) is currently underway. In general, GPIIb/IIIa blockade seems clinically very promising. A number of unresolved issues, however, remain to be elucidated.
Binary codes with specified minimum distance (1960)

Two <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -digit sequences, called "points," of binary digits are said to be at distance <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</tex> if exactly <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</tex> corresponding digits are unlike in the two sequences. The construction of sets of points, called codes, in which some specified minimum distance is maintained between pairs of points is of interest in the design of self-checking systems for computing with or transmitting binary digits, the minimum distance being the minimum number of digital errors required to produce an undetected error in the system output. Previous work in the field had established general upper bounds for the number of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -digit points in codes of minimum distance d with certain properties. This paper gives new results in the field in the form of theorems which permit systematic construction of codes for given <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n, d</tex> ; for some <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n, d</tex> , the codes contain the greatest possible numbers of points.
Role of procathepsin D activation peptide in prostate cancer growth (2000)

Based on these data, we hypothesize that the interaction of procathepsin D activation peptide with an unknown receptor is mediated by amino-acid sequence 27-44. This interaction leads in certain types of tumor to a proliferation and higher motility. Blocking of this interaction by antibodies or antagonists might be a valuable tool in prostate cancer inhibition.
Catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acids and their derivatives to hydrocarbon fuels via decarboxylation/decarbonylation (2012)

Abstract Fatty acids and their derivatives can be converted to renewable and carbon‐neutral fuel‐like hydrocarbons that are entirely fungible with fossil fuels. Typically, these hydrocarbon‐based biofuels are obtained through hydrotreating, a method which has the significant disadvantages of requiring problematic sulfided catalysts and high pressures of hydrogen. In recent years, decarboxylation/decarbonylation has been proposed as an alternative method, as this approach has the advantages of permitting the use of simpler catalysts and requiring less hydrogen than hydrotreating. In this contribution, the deoxygenation of fatty acids and their derivatives to fuel‐like hydrocarbons via decarboxylation/decarbonylation is critically reviewed. The main aspects discussed include the influence of the feed, catalyst, reactor system and reaction conditions on the decarboxylation/decarbonylation reaction, as well as the reaction mechanism and catalyst deactivation/regeneration. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
A New Synthesis of 3′-Fluoro-3′-deoxyadenosine (1991)

Abstract 3′-Fluoro-3′-deoxyadenosine is synthesized starting from adenosine via double inversion and by using DAST. Intermediates are also obtained where 2′ and 5′-position can be independently deprotected for further synthetic elaboration.
PROPERTIES OF SUPERCONDUCTING OXIDES PREPARED BY THE AMORPHOUS CITRATE PROCESS (1987)

High T{sub c} superconducting oxides have been prepared by the amorphous citrate process. The resulting powders require less high temperature processing than standard techniques and lead to sintered compacts with over 90% density. Electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power were measured for La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4-y} with Ba and Sr-doping. The addition of dopants decreases the thermopower and there is the suggestion that strong correlations may be occurring at small dopant concentrations. Surface impedance measurements at 102 GHz have been used to determine the magnitude and temperature dependence of the gaps in the Ba-doped materials.
Still Polishing the Diamond: School Library Research over the Last Decade. (2018)

In 2003 Delia Neuman wrote “Research in School Library Media for the Next Decade: Polishing the Diamond.” One of the most influential pieces on school library research written in the last twenty years, the article provided a map for school library research by defining areas of concern and importance. Neuman developed questions grounded in the research and scholarship of the field at that time. These questions served as a charge for researchers to address in the next ten years. Neuman called on researchers to “polish the diamond and make it shine more brightly in its own right and sparkle more valuably in the larger field of education” (2003, 504). This study uses Neuman’s model of the diamond to examine school library research and scholarship from 2004 through 2014. Following Neuman’s guiding questions through a systematic review of the literature from the past ten years, this study finds that there is still much “polishing” to be done by school library researchers, and like Neuman, defines new “facets” that provide future direction to “move forward both the field’s research agenda and its effective practice” (Neuman 2003, 505).
Outcome of Influenza Infection: Effect of Site of Initial Infection and Heterotypic Immunity (1980)

An infection established throughout the total respiratory tract of mice with a highly lung adapted influenza virus (H0N1) led to death from viral pneumonia. The 50% lethal dose (LD(50)) was approximately the same as the 50% infectious dose (ID(50)). An infection with the same virus initiated in the nasal mucosa spread to the trachea and lungs over a 3- to 5-day period but was not lethal except at very high infecting doses. The LD(50) was 30,000 times the ID(50). Mice that had recovered from a prior infection with A/PC/73(H3N2) demonstrated enhanced recovery (heterotypic immunity) when challenged with A/PR/8/34(H0N1). Heterotypically immune mice infected while anesthetized with this potentially lethal virus stopped shedding virus from the nose, trachea, and lungs by day 7 and recovered. Heterotypically immune mice, infected awake, stopped shedding virus from the nose by day 5, and, in fact, the virus did not spread to the trachea or lungs. Thus, some of the variation in the severity of influenza infections may be explained by two factors: the site of initial infection and previous infection with heterotypic influenza virus.
A Novel Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Derivatives through Catalytic, Enantioselective Ene Reactions of α-Imino Esters (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Novel Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Derivatives through Catalytic, Enantioselective Ene Reactions of α-Imino EstersWilliam J. Drury, Dana Ferraris, Christopher Cox, Brandon Young, and Thomas LectkaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 42, 11006–11007Publication Date (Web):October 9, 1998Publication History Received29 June 1998Published online9 October 1998Published inissue 1 October 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja982257rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja982257rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1800Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Hydrocarbons,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Catalytic Synthesis of Pyridine (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Synthesis of PyridineCharles Howard Kline Jr. and John TurkevichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 10, 1710–1714Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01238a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01238a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Morphological change in peristaltic crawling motion of a narrow pipe inspection robot inspired by earthworm’s locomotion (2018)

Infrastructure pipes require inspection in order to prevent accidents. However, it is difficult to inspect a 1-in-diameter gas pipe because it is long, narrow and complicated. Therefore, an earthworm-type robot was developed to inspect this 1-in pipe. The robot moved by peristaltic crawling with pneumatic artificial muscles and displayed its suitability as a 1-in pipe inspection robot in experiments. However, its speed was extremely slow to be practically utilized. A major cause for this is the small distance covered in a single motion of the robot. Therefore, in this study, we developed an axial extension actuator to increase the moving distance of the robot in a single motion. Furthermore, we installed this new actuator on our robot and made it possible for the robot to change the morphological motion in peristaltic crawling. The experiments with straight and elbow pipes ascertained the importance of morphological change in peristaltic crawling for increasing the speed of the robot. Moreover, in a continuous elbow pipe, the velocity of the proposed robot was 5.5 mm/s, which is 1.3 times faster than that of the conventional robot. Consequently, we confirmed that the speed of the proposed robot was sufficiently fast for inspecting a 1-in pipe.
Synthesis of a novel polysiloxane‐based polymer electrolyte and its ionic conductivity (1993)

Abstract Graft copolymers were synthesized by means of hydrosilylation from poly[hydromethylsiloxane)‐co‐dimethylsiloxane)] and allylether of poly(ethylene oxide)‐co‐(propyleneoxide)] (poly(EO‐CO‐PO)). Network polymer electrolyte complexes were made from the graft copolymers and alkali metal salt by solvent‐casting from acetone and the tetraethyl orthosilicate crosslinking method. The influence of composition of the polyether side chains, and the species and concentration of inorganic salts on the ionic conductivity were investigated. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity of the network film was also studied. It is shown that the complexes of the network polymers with alkali metal salt exhibit a very high ionic conductivity of about 5 × 10 −5 S/cm at 25°C and have the characteristic of a typical noncrystalline solid electrolyte.
Comparison of optical coherence tomography, microcomputed tomography, and histology at a three-dimensionally imaged trabecular bone sample (2010)

We investigate optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a method for imaging bone. The OCT images are compared directly to those of the standard methods of bone histology and microcomputed tomography (microCT) on a single, fixed human femoral trabecular bone sample. An advantage of OCT over bone histology is its noninvasive nature. OCT also images the lamellar structure of trabeculae at slightly higher contrast than normal bone histology. While microCT visualizes the trabecular framework of the whole sample, OCT can image additionally cells with a penetration depth limited approximately to 1 mm. The most significant advantage of OCT, however, is the absence of toxic effects (no ionizing radiation), i.e., continuous images may be made and individual cell tracking may be performed. The penetration depth of OCT, however, limits its use to small animal models and small bone organ cultures.
Standards of advice (2003)

Standards in travel health advice are being addressed by a new organization set up by the Department of Health. Carolyn Driver investigates
SEPTIC ARTHRITIS OF THE HIP AND INTRAPELVIC ABSCESS FOLLOWING INTRA-ARTICULAR INJECTION OF HYLAN G-F 20 (2004)

1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Avenue (MU 320-W), San Francisco, CA 94143. E-mail address for S. Morshed: [email protected]. E-mail address for G.R. Huffman: [email protected]. E-mail address for M.D. Ries: [email protected]
Experimental Study of Combustion Instabilities in a Single-Element Coaxial Swirl Injector (2005)

*† † ‡ A single injector element liquid rocket combustion experiment was designed and conducted to provide insight into combustion dynamics and to develop an effective tool to rate the stability of injectors prior to a full-scale engine build. A gas-centered, liquid swirl coaxial injector element was selected for the study. Kerosene and a mixture of superheated water and oxygen vapor were used as the liquid fuel and gaseous oxidizer, respectively. The lengths of the oxidizer injection post and combustion chamber were tested at stabilizing and destabilizing combinations. The variable length combustion chamber was discretely varied between 25.4 and 88.9 cm. The mean chamber pressure ranged from 2.14 – 2.38 MPa. Nine of the ten tests exhibited strong instabilities with amplitudes of 0.69 to 1.38 MPa peak to peak, and wave slopes on the order of 10 9 Pa/s. The unstable frequencies ranged from 1184 Hz to 1721 Hz. A noted decrease in combustion efficiency accompanied increasing strength of the instabilities. One test, with a 25.4 cm chamber, was classically stable with pressure oscillation amplitudes less than 5% of the mean pressure. Resonant frequencies calculated from a linear model developed to solve the coupled injector-chamber acoustics were always within 6% of the measured unstable frequency. The acoustics model also indicated that there were available system resonances that were not excited by the combustion process, possibly indicating a sensitive bandwidth of the injector response.
Plastic Electrets (1953)

A brief discussion of proposed explanations for the electret effect is presented. Plexiglas, Lucite, and Nylon electrets were prepared under fields ranging from 19 to 36 kv/cm and observed for as long as 2000 hours. The surface charge densities were measured by electrostatic induction using a commercial electronic electrometer and a shunt capacitance to reduce the readings to a maximum of 20 volts. The initial state was a heterocharge or a homocharge depending on the strength of the forming field. The steady state was a homocharge in every case. Charge densities as high as 5.5×10−9 coulomb/cm2 (16.5 esu) were observed. A Plexiglas disk was charged at room temperature under a strong field and its subsequent decaying homocharge recorded. The experimental results support the ideas of Mikola and Gross, i.e., the existence of two decaying polarizations of opposite sense due to ionic migration, one occurring within the dielectric, the other, across the electrode-dielectric interface.