gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Substrate Cooling during Sputter Deposition of Hydrogen-Containing Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Thin Films in H<sub>2</sub>O Atmosphere on their Ion Conductivity (2008)

Hydrogen-containing Ta2O5 (Ta2O5:H) thin films, which are considered to be candidates for proton-conducting solid electrolytes, were prepared by reactive sputtering in H2O atmosphere. The substrate temperature during sputter deposition was changed from -20 to 70 °C because the equilibrium vapor pressure of water depends strongly on temperature. The chemical composition of the films was characterized by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and hydrogen forward scattering (HFS), and it was found that the H/Ta atomic ratio increased with decreasing substrate temperature, and a maximum ratio of 2.2 was obtained at -20 °C. The ion conductivity measured at room temperature also increased with decreasing substrate temperature and a maximum conductivity of 4 ×10-8 S/cm was obtained at -20 °C. It is considered that the desorption rate of H2O molecules from the growing film surface was decreased by the substrate cooling, which resulted in the increase in the hydrogen content and the improvement of the ion conductivity.
On the convergence behavior of the LMS and the normalized LMS algorithms (1993)

It is shown that the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm is a potentially faster converging algorithm compared to the LMS algorithm where the design of the adaptive filter is based on the usually quite limited knowledge of its input signal statistics. A very simple model for the input signal vectors that greatly simplifies analysis of the convergence behavior of the LMS and NLMS algorithms is proposed. Using this model, answers can be obtained to questions for which no answers are currently available using other (perhaps more realistic) models. Examples are given to illustrate that even quantitatively, the answers obtained can be good approximations. It is emphasized that the convergence of the NLMS algorithm can be speeded up significantly by employing a time-varying step size. The optimal step-size sequence can be specified a priori for the case of a white input signal with arbitrary distribution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adjuvant effect of the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) matrix protein in HMPV subunit vaccines (2014)

The human metapneumovirus (HMPV) fusion (F) protein is the most immunodominant protein, yet subunit vaccines containing only this protein do not confer complete protection. The HMPV matrix (M) protein induces the maturation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro. The inclusion of the M protein into an F protein subunit vaccine might therefore provide an adjuvant effect. We administered the F protein twice intramuscularly, adjuvanted with alum, the M protein or both, to BALB/c mice at 3 week intervals. Three weeks after the boost, mice were infected with HMPV and monitored for 14 days. At day 5 post-challenge, pulmonary viral titres, histopathology and cytokine levels were analysed. Mice immunized with F+alum and F+M+alum generated significantly more neutralizing antibodies than mice immunized with F only [titres of 47 ± 7 (P<0.01) and 147 ± 13 (P<0.001) versus 17 ± 2]. Unlike F only [1.6 ± 0.5 × 10(3) TCID50 (g lung)(-1)], pulmonary viral titres in mice immunized with F+M and F+M+alum were undetectable. Mice immunized with F+M presented the most important reduction in pulmonary inflammation and the lowest T-helper Th2/Th1 cytokine ratio. In conclusion, addition of the HMPV-M protein to an F protein-based vaccine modulated both humoral and cellular immune responses to subsequent infection, thereby increasing the protection conferred by the vaccine.
New Approach for the General Synthesis of Oxotetrahydroindoles via Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Azomethine Ylides with Tethered Alkynes (1997)

A new method for the synthesis of oxotetrahydroindoles has been achieved employing an intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition approach involving mesoionic species (münchnones) with electron-deficient alkynes. The methodology is quite general and convergent as shown by the synthesis of a variety of tri- and tetrasubstituted oxotetrahydroindoles 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 34. LiI-based ester cleavage in the presence of an electrophilic acetylenic ketone was critical for formation of the requisite cycloaddition substrates. The cycloaddition is virtually unaffected by the presence of gem-dimethyl groups in the side chain (cf. 38). The presence of a substituted benzyl or a phenethyl moiety on nitrogen, a polarized acetylene, and an appropriate tether between dipole and dipolarophile are essential for obtaining optimal efficiency.
Sample‐and‐Hold Circuits (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Sample‐and‐Hold Performance Specifications Implementation of Sample‐and‐Hold Circuits Sample‐and‐Hold Circuits Using Bipolar and Diode Devices Conclusions
The age of Constantine (1999)

The abdication of Diocletian and Maximian in 305, whether envisaged as a fundamental feature of the Tetrarchic system or the product of the senior emperor’s recent ill health, opened the way to the emergence of a second Tetrarchy, in which the dominant figure should have been Galerius.1 His succession to Diocletian as the Augustus in the East was matched by the parallel elevation of Constantius in the West. The two Caesars appointed to assist them, Severus in the West and Maximin II in the East, are presented in the, admittedly hostile, Christian sources, which provide so much of the political narrative for this period, as both being creatures of Galerius.2 Severus was one of his subordinate officers, and Maximin the new senior emperor’s nephew. This latter appointment marks the only concession made to family relationships in the constitution of the new Tetrarchy. Neither the son of Maximian nor the son of Constantius was promoted, and this must represent a deliberate attempt to prevent dynastic succession from coming to play a part in the new imperial system.
Oxyfunctionalization of hydrocarbons. 14. Electrophilic hydroxylation of aromatics with bis(trimethylsilyl) peroxide/triflic acid (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxyfunctionalization of hydrocarbons. 14. Electrophilic hydroxylation of aromatics with bis(trimethylsilyl) peroxide/triflic acidGeorge A. Olah and Thomas D. ErnstCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 5, 1204–1206Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00266a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00266a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views553Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Designing a mobile music sharing system based on emergent properties (2005)

We are exploring the use of emergent properties of complex systems in a mobile music sharing application. In our approach, songs are treated as individual agents that act autonomously according to input (e.g. listening habits) and given rules. We introduce the concept and report on a study that was conducted to inform the design of such an application.
The Infrared & Electro-Optical Systems Handbook. Electro-Optical Components, Volume 3, (1993)

Abstract : The Infrared and Electro-Optical Systems Handbook is a joint product of the Infrared Information Analysis Center (IRIA) and the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE). Sponsored by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), this work is an outgrowth of its predecessor, The Infrared Handbook, published in 1978. The circulation of nearly 20,000 copies is adequate testimony to its wide acceptance in the electro-optics and infrared communities. The Infrared Handbook was itself preceded by The Handbook of Military Infrared Technology. Since its original inception, new topics and technologies have emerged for which little or no reference material exists. This work is intended to update and complement the current Infrared Handbook by revision, addition of new materials, and reformatting to increase its utility. Of necessity, some material from the current book was reproduced as is, having been adjudged as being current and adequate. The 45 chapters represent most subject areas of current activity in the military, aerospace, and civilian communities and contain material that has rarely appeared so extensively in the open literature. Because the contents are in part derivatives of advanced military technology, it seemed reasonable to categorize those chapters dealing with systems in analogy to the specialty groups comprising the annual Infrared Information Symposia (IRIS), a Department of Defense (DoD) sponsored forum administered by the Infrared Information Analysis Center of the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM); thus, the presence of chapters on active, passive, and countermeasure systems. It is organized into eight volumes. Volume 3, edited by William Rogatto of Santa Barbara Research Center, treats traditional system components and devices and includes recent material on focal plane array read-out electronics.
TCP-friendly medium access control for ad-hoc wireless networks: alleviating self-contention (2005)

We focus on self-contention: contention between packets of the same transport layer connection along the path from source to destination. We observe that self-contention plays an important role in degrading TCP performance in multi-hop wireless networks and that the use of the popular IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol exacerbates self-contention. We propose and study two MAC-layer approaches to alleviate self-contention. The first approach, called quick-exchange (QE), is designed with the intent of reducing the effects of inter-flow self-contention (e.g. between packets of the same connection traveling in opposite directions). The design of our second mechanism, called fast-forward (FF), is geared towards decreasing intra-flow self-contention (e.g. between packets of the same connection traveling in the same direction). We simulate and study our proposed schemes and observe that quick-exchange consistently improves net-work aggregate goodput (by as much as 20% in string topologies, 15% in random static scenarios, and 10% in random mobile scenarios). In contrast to our expectations, fast-forward causes sporadic and often negative effects on goodput for TCP connections. Upon investigation we find that while the MAC is, in some respect, operating more efficiently, as demonstrated by improved UDP throughput; interactions with TCPs congestion control mechanism cause the goodput to degrade. We analyze various effects that cause the respective behaviors with QE and FF in detail.
Enhanced resistance to soybean cyst nematode <i>Heterodera glycines</i> in transgenic soybean by silencing putative <scp>CLE</scp> receptors (2015)

CLE peptides are small extracellular proteins important in regulating plant meristematic activity through the CLE-receptor kinase-WOX signalling module. Stem cell pools in the SAM (shoot apical meristem), RAM (root apical meristem) and vascular cambium are controlled by CLE signalling pathways. Interestingly, plant-parasitic cyst nematodes secrete CLE-like effector proteins, which act as ligand mimics of plant CLE peptides and are required for successful parasitism. Recently, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis CLE receptors CLAVATA1 (CLV1), the CLAVATA2 (CLV2)/CORYNE (CRN) heterodimer receptor complex and RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE 2 (RPK2), which transmit the CLV3 signal in the SAM, are required for perception of beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii CLEs. Reduction in nematode infection was observed in clv1, clv2, crn, rpk2 and combined double and triple mutants. In an effort to develop nematode resistance in an agriculturally important crop, orthologues of Arabidopsis receptors including CLV1, CLV2, CRN and RPK2 were identified from soybean, a host for the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. For each of the receptors, there are at least two paralogues in the soybean genome. Localization studies showed that most receptors are expressed in the root, but vary in their level of expression and spatial expression patterns. Expression in nematode-induced feeding cells was also confirmed. In vitro direct binding of the soybean receptors with the HgCLE peptide was analysed. Knock-down of the receptors in soybean hairy roots showed enhanced resistance to SCN. Our findings suggest that targeted disruption of nematode CLE signalling may be a potential means to engineer nematode resistance in crop plants.
Identification of a High-Affinity Phosphate Transporter Gene in a Prasinophyte Alga,<i>Tetraselmis chui</i>, and Its Expression under Nutrient Limitation (2003)

A high-affinity phosphate transporter gene, TcPHO, was isolated from a growth-dependent subtracted cDNA library of the marine unicellular alga Tetraselmis chui. The full-length cDNA of TcPHO obtained by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends was 1,993 bp long and encoded an open reading frame consisting of 610 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of TcPHO exhibited 51.6 and 49.8% similarity to the amino acid sequences of PHO89 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and PHO4 from Neurospora crassa, respectively. In addition, hydrophobicity and secondary structure analyses revealed 12 conserved transmembrane domains that were the same as those found in PHO89 and PHO4. The expression of TcPHO mRNA was dependent on phosphate availability. With a low-phosphate treatment, the TcPHO mRNA concentration increased sharply to 2.72 fmol micro g of total RNA(-1) from day 1 to day 2 and remained at this high level from days 2 to 4. Furthermore, rescue treatment with either phosphate or p-nitrophenyl phosphate effectively inhibited TcPHO mRNA expression. In contrast, TcPHO mRNA expression stayed at a low level (range, 0.25 to 0.28 fmol micro g of total RNA(-1)) under low-nitrate conditions. The expression pattern suggests that TcPHO can be used as a molecular probe for monitoring phosphorus stress in T. chui.
A Clinical Study of Secretin in Autism and Pervasive Developmental Delay (2000)

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical effect of a single dose of secretin given to patients whose disease status lay within the autistic spectrum. Design: Open, uncontrolled trial. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four patients were registered for the study. They included 3 female adults and 2 male adolescents. There was a total of 16 dropouts. Thus there were 48 evaluable patients. Each patient received a complete vial of secretin, irrespective of current age and body weight. Any existing treatment that had already been started before the study began was allowed to continue. No new treatment was permitted for a minimum period of 8 weeks when study surveillance was completed. The parents or guardians performed clinical assessment on a weekly basis, using numerical scoring of symptoms in a questionnaire. The only laboratory study performed was a hair analysis at the outset and at the completion of the 8 weeks of surveillance. Results: Of 48 evaluable patients, there were 39 whose clinical response varied from minor to major behavioral and/or bowel function improvement and 9 in whom there was no sign at all of either a behavioral or gastrointestinal response. Only a few of these patients showed significant abnormalities in hair analysis and there was no significant difference in these changes as compared with a group of children who had been seen at our clinic for reasons other than autistic spectrum. The side effects observed were temporary irritability in a few patients and exacerbation of previously quiescent seizures in one child. Conclusions: We found a clearcut population of clinical ''responders'' as compared with a much smaller group of ''non-responders.'' Little can be said about the dropout patients other than to conclude that total lack of response and expense were the most likely causes. We can certainly encourage and condone the use of secretin as a valuable weapon in attempting treatment of this devastating spectrum of disease. This study has not helped to define the indications to suggest a ''responder'' from a ''non-responder.''KeywordsAutismSecretinBowel Function
Mechanical and optical properties of silver-halide infrared transmitting fibers (1997)

Abstract This article presents a review of the optical and mechanical properties of infrared transmitting fibers extruded from single crystals of silver-halides at the Applied Physics Group in Tel-Aviv University during the last decade. The optical properties of AgclxBr1-x crystals and fibers include the spectral transmission window, laser power transmission, the change of the power distribution traveling along the fiber, and the laser-induced breakdown. The mechanical properties include the investigation of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), hardness, and the elastic strain limits of these fibers and their composition dependence. The mechanical properties that involve single and multiple bending of fibers in the plastic and the elastic strain limits are also described.
Aurore Merle and Michael Sztanke, Étudiants Chinois: qui sont les élites de demain ? (2006)

Aurore Merle and Michael Sztanke's book is a useful tool in understanding the present generation of Chinese students. There has been little research into this subject, with the existing literature concentrating on their elders, the Tiananmen Generation. However the role and values of this new generation of students are fundamental, since they will make up the elite of tomorrow in a China which will be at the forefront of the world stage. In the preface to the book, Cai Chongguo, a former phil...
THE VON HIPPEL-LINDAU TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN AND KIDNEY CANCER (2007)

Inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL) plays a causal role in the de- velopment of hereditary (von Hippel-Lindau disease) and sporadic clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. The VHL gene product, pVHL, is the substrate recognition subunit of a ubiquitin ligase that targets the alpha subunits of the heterodimeric transcription factor HIF (Hypoxia-inducible Factor) for destruction when oxy- gen is present. Cells lacking functional pVHL, or exposed to low oxygen (hypoxia), accumulate HIF, which acti- vates a suite of genes involved in acute or chronic adaptation to hypoxia. A number of these genes, including VEGF, PDGF B, and TGF?, have been implicated in tumorigenesis. Downregulation of HIF is both necessary and sufficient for pVHL to suppress the growth of VHL-/- tumor cells in animal models, suggesting that drugs that inhibit HIF, or HIF-responsive gene products, might be useful for the treatment of clear cell kidney cancer. Indeed, multiple drugs that inhibit VEGF or its receptor KDR have now demonstrated activity against this disease. The rate of HIF transcription and synthesis is sensitive to changes in the activity of the PI3K-AKT- mTOR pathway. A recent randomized trial showed that patients with kidney cancer benefited from treatment with an mTOR inhibitor. Current studies are aimed at combining VEGF inhibitors with mTOR inhibitors as well as at identifying additional agents that can, at least indirectly, inhibit HIF or cancer-relevant HIF-responsive gene products.
A Critical Role for Sialylation in Cryoglobulin Activity of Murine IgG3 Monoclonal Antibodies (2005)

Cryoprecipitating IgG3 autoantibodies have been shown to play a significant role in the development of murine lupus-like autoimmune syndrome. However, the structural basis of IgG3 cryoprecipitation still remains to be defined. In view of the implication of positively charged amino acid residues present in variable regions in IgG3 cryoglobulin activity, we explored the role of terminal sialic acids in oligosaccharide side chains for the cryogenic activity of IgG3 mAb. Comparative oligosaccharide structural analysis of different cryogenic and non-cryogenic IgG3 mAb showed an inverse correlation between the extent of sialylation and cryogenic activity. The inhibitory role of sialylation was further confirmed by the demonstration of enrichment of less and more sialylated IgG3 in cryoprecipitated and noncryoprecipitated fractions, respectively, separated from four different cryogenic IgG3 mAb. Significantly, the sialic acid contents of the latter fraction became comparable to those of non-cryogenic IgG3 mAb. Finally, we observed that highly sialylated non-cryogenic IgG3 mAb was more potent in the inhibition of cryoprecipitation of cryogenic IgG3 mAb. Our results thus suggest that the content of negatively charged sialic acids in oligosaccharide side chains is one of the critical factors to determine IgG3 cryoglobulin activity, along with amino acid sequences of the IgG3 variable regions.
Differences in Collagen Expression in Cumulus Cells after Exposure to Highly Purified Menotropin or Recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in a Mouse Follicle Culture Model1 (2009)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) formation by cumulus cells is an important process that determines fertilization and embryo quality. Several collagen types are present in the ovarian follicular ECM and are related to proliferation, steroidogenesis, and luteinization. In vitro mouse follicles can optimally grow and provide developmentally competent oocytes with 10 IU/L recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH). As a model for superovulation, experiments with 100 IU/L rFSH or 100 IU/L highly purified menotropin (HP-hMG) exposure during antral growth were undertaken. Col4a1, Col4a2, and Col6a2 expression levels were analyzed at three time points during antral growth and at a 4-h interval up to 16 h after ovulation induction using quantitative PCR. The presence and induction of the collagen mRNA and protein were confirmed in cumulus from in vivo- and in vitro-grown follicles, and TGFBs 1 and 2 were assayed as potential regulators. The study revealed that exposure to 100 IU/L FSH, as in both superovulation conditions, significantly influenced the follicle morphology and slowed down nuclear maturation and mucification (P < 0.05). This coincided with an increased expression of the three collagens in the cumulus-oocyte complex at the end of antral growth and in the first hours following the ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (P < 0.05). The increased expression might reflect a differentiation but is most likely due to a precocious luteinization of the cumulus. Growth in HP-hMG resulted in higher Tgfb1 mRNA and protein levels, fewer COCs with an increased collagen expression and with a more synchronous nuclear maturation. This suggests that the presence of luteinizing hormone activity tempered the effect of the elevated FSH dose.