gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the ovine corpus luteum (1996)

The corpus luteum undergoes tremendous growth, development and regression each oestrous or menstrual cycle. These changes are reflected by equally impressive growth and regression of the luteal vasculature. We have previously shown that angiogenic factors from corpora lutea are primarily heparin binding and that one of these factors is similar to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In an effort to identify this factor, and to define its role in luteal vascular development, the cDNA for the coding region of ovine VEGF was sequenced and a sensitive RNase protection assay was developed to quantitate mRNA encoding VEGF in luteal tissues from ewes in the early (days 2-4), mid- (day 8) and late (days 14-15) stages of the oestrous cycle. In addition, an N-terminal peptide was synthesized from the translated ovine cDNA sequence for VEGF and an antiserum was raised against this peptide for use in western immunoblotting procedures. Nested reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR of RNA from ovine corpora lutea resulted in three products that correspond in size to the alternatively spliced variants of VEGF (VEGF120, VEGF164, and VEGF188) predicted from other species. The RNase protection assay revealed that the proportion of mRNA encoding VEGF was 2- to 3-fold greater on days 2-4 than on day 8 or days 14-15. Densitometric analysis of gels from the RNase protection assay showed that VEGF120 represented approximately one third of the total mRNA encoding VEGF in the corpus luteum and that this proportion did not vary with stage of the oestrous cycle. SDS-PAGE and western immunoblot analysis of a homogenate from corpora lutea showed a single 18 kDa protein. These data demonstrate that VEGF is expressed in luteal tissue throughout the ovine oestrous cycle and that expression of mRNA encoding VEGF is upregulated during the period of rapid luteal development, when luteal vascular growth is at its maximum.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Promote Immunosuppression in Ovarian Cancer via ICOS Costimulation of Foxp3+ T-Regulatory Cells (2012)

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fifth most common cause of cancer death among women. Despite its immunogenicity, effective antitumor responses are limited, due, in part, to the presence of forkhead box protein 3-positive (Foxp3(+)) T regulatory (Treg) cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, the mechanisms that regulate the accumulation and the suppressive function of these Foxp3(+) Treg cells are poorly understood. Here, we found that the majority of Foxp3(+) Treg cells accumulating in the tumor microenvironment of EOCs belong to the subset of Foxp3(+) Treg cells expressing inducible costimulator (ICOS). The expansion and the suppressive function of these cells were strictly dependent on ICOS-L costimulation provided by tumor plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Accordingly, ICOS(+) Foxp3(+) Treg cells were found to localize in close vicinity of tumor pDCs, and their number directly correlated with the numbers of pDCs in the tumors. Furthermore, pDCs and ICOS(+) Foxp3(+) Treg cells were found to be strong predictors for disease progression in patients with ovarian cancer, with ICOS(+) Treg cell subset being a stronger predictor than total Foxp3(+) Treg cells. These findings suggest an essential role for pDCs and ICOS-L in immunosuppression mediated by ICOS(+) Foxp3(+) Treg cells, leading to tumor progression in ovarian cancer.
Hidden contours on a frame-buffer (1992)

To comply with drafting practices and because shaded images do not always reveal the internal or hiddenstructures of 3D models, designers need wireframe images with hidden lines dashed and nonconlour tesselation edges removed. Software techniques for wireframe rendering of polyhedra that require the viewpoint-dependent identilication of the visible portions of intersection and contour (i.e. silhouette)edges are too slow for interactive applications. Hardware support in contemporary graphics pipelines is unavailable or at best limited to the identification of contour edges. In this paper, new hardware assisted techniques for hidden-line removal and determination of contour edges are presented. The techniques do not require any face/edge adjacency information and can be implemented easily on any platform that supports a hardware z-buffer.
Study on Thermal Characteristics of Water-Rod in SCWR (2012)

Water-rod is introduced into Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor (SCWR) to guarantee the homogeneous distribution of core axial power, and there could be many types of flow in water-rod. Based on three types of water-rod and flow, which named S type, D1 type, and D2 type, choosing different values of structural parameters and material thermal conductivity, the distributions of moderator density and average density in each case are obtained through making program to associated-calculate the fuel rod, coolant and moderator. The results indicate that considering only moderator density, the D2 type double water-rod which has smaller thermal conductivity and bigger outer length of inner water-rod is the best choice; considering average density, both the S type single water-rod and the D2 type double water-rod which have smaller thermal conductivity and smaller outer length of inner water-rod is the best choice; the thermal performance of D1 type double water-rod is inferior because of its inherent defect, so it is not suitable for use.
Automatic Synchronization of Background Music and Motion in Computer Animation (2005)

We synchronize background music with an animation by changing the timing of both, an approach which minimizesthe damage to either. Starting from a MIDI file and motion data, feature points are extracted from both sources,paired, and then synchronized using dynamic programming to time-scale the music and to timewarp the motion.We also introduce the music graph, a directed graph which encapsulates connections between many short musicsequences. By traversing a music graph we can generate large amounts of new background music, in which weexpect to find a sequence which matches the motion better than the original music.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor present in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are induced by inflammatory cytokines and synergize to promote vascular permeability and KS lesion development. (1998)

All forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are characterized by spindle cell proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and edema. We have previously reported that spindle cells of primary KS lesions and KS-derived spindle cell cultures express high levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which is promoted by the inflammatory cytokines identified in these lesions. These cytokines, namely, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interferon-gamma, induce production and release of bFGF, which stimulates angiogenesis and spindle cell growth in an autocrine fashion. Here we show that both AIDS-KS and classical KS lesions co-express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bFGF. VEGF production by KS cells is promoted synergistically by inflammatory cytokines present in conditioned media from activated T cells and in KS lesions. KS cells show synthesis of VEGF isoforms that are mitogenic to endothelial cells but not to KS spindle cells, suggesting a prevailing paracrine effect of this cytokine. This may be due to the level of expression of the flt-1-VEGF receptor that is down-regulated in KS cells as compared with endothelial cells. KS-derived bFGF and VEGF synergize in inducing endothelial cell growth as shown by studies using both neutralizing antibodies and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against these cytokines. In addition, VEGF and bFGF synergize to induce angiogenic KS-like lesions in nude mice and vascular permeability and edema in guinea pigs. These results indicate that inflammatory cytokines present in KS lesions stimulate the production of bFGF and VEGF, which, in turn, cooperate to induce angiogenesis, edema, and KS lesion formation.
Dual-band slot antenna suitable for ultrabook application with metal housing (2014)

This paper proposes a novel dual-band slot antenna suitable for Ultrabook applications with metal housing. The proposed slot antenna has a narrow slot which is directly constructed in the metal housing of the ultra-book, and then feeding the antenna using a 50-Ω microstrip line which is printed on a 0.4 mm FR4 substrate. Through the adjustment of the dimension of the slot and the length of the microstrip line, good impedance matching and dual-band operation bandwidth was obtained. Prototypes have been successfully implemented, and experimental results show that the good antenna efficiency and radiation performance were obtained. Due to it can be integrated with the metal housing of the wireless device, the proposed antenna is very suitable for the WiFi antenna application of a mobile computer, such a notebook or an ultrabook. Details of the proposed antenna and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Logarithmic Boundary Layers in Strong Taylor-Couette Turbulence (2013)

We provide direct measurements of the boundary layer properties in highly turbulent Taylor-Couette flow up to Re=2×106) (Ta=6.2×10(12)) using high-resolution particle image velocimetry and particle tracking velocimetry. We find that the mean azimuthal velocity profile at the inner and outer cylinder can be fitted by the von Kármán log law u+=1/κ lny+ +B. The von Kármán constant κ is found to depend on the driving strength Ta and for large Ta asymptotically approaches κ≈0.40. The variance profiles of the local azimuthal velocity have a universal peak around y+≈12 and collapse when rescaled with the driving velocity (and not with the friction velocity), displaying a log dependence of y+ as also found for channel and pipe flows.
The order of liberalization of the current and capital accounts of the balance of payments : should the current account be opened up first? (1984)

It has generally been considered that the opening of the economy to the rest of the world is an integral part of any economic reform aiming at increasing the role of markets in LDCs. Until recently, however, very little discussion has been devoted to the order in which the capital and current account should be liberalized. This paper deals with several aspects of the order of liberalization. First, the brief literature is critically reviewed. Second, a three goods-two factors model is used to analyze the effects of alternative orderings on production and income distribution. And third, a two periods model of a small economy is used to investigate the welfare effects of opening the capital account in the presence of distortions. While the discussion does not yield a theorem regarding the appropriate order of liberalization, there are strong presumptions that it is more prudent to liberalize the current account first.
Complement <i>C</i>3 Is a Risk Factor for the Development of Diabetes (2005)

Cross-sectional studies have reported strong correlations between plasma levels of complement C3, insulin, and glucose. This prospective study explored whether elevated levels of C3, C4, and other inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs; fibrinogen, orosomucoid, alpha1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin) are associated with the development of diabetes. Plasma proteins were measured in 2,815 nondiabetic healthy men, age 38-50 years, who were reexamined after a mean follow-up of 6.1 years. Diabetes development (n = 123) was studied in relation to baseline levels of plasma proteins. After adjusting for age, screening year, and glucose at baseline, the odds ratio (95% CI) for developing diabetes was 1.00, 2.4 (1.1-5.3), 2.9 (1.4-6.0), and 5.6 (2.8-10.9), respectively, for men with C3 in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles (trend: P < 0.00001). Fibrinogen, haptoglobin, C4, and the number of elevated ISPs were also related to future diabetes in this model. Only C3 was significantly associated with diabetes development after further adjustments for potential confounders, including BMI, insulin, and other inflammatory markers. We concluded that the risk of developing diabetes is related to levels of complement C3.
Phosphorylation of Neuroglycan C, a Brain-specific Transmembrane Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan, and Its Localization in the Lipid Rafts (2002)

Neuroglycan C (NGC) is a brain-specific transmembrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. In the present study, we examined whether NGC could be phosphorylated in neural cells. On metabolic labeling of cultured cerebral cortical cells from the rat fetus with (32)P(i), serine residues in NGC were radiolabeled. Some NGC became detectable in the raft fraction from the rat cerebrum, a signaling microdomain of the plasma membrane, with cerebral development. NGC from the non-raft fraction, not the raft fraction, could be phosphorylated by an in vitro kinase reaction. The phosphorylation of NGC was inhibited by adding to the reaction mixture a recombinant peptide representing the ectodomain of NGC, but not by adding a peptide representing its cytoplasmic domain. NGC could be labeled by an in vitro kinase reaction using [gamma-(32)P]GTP as well as [gamma-(32)P]ATP, and this kinase activity was partially inhibited by 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, a selective inhibitor of casein kinase II. In addition to the intracellular phosphorylation, NGC was also phosphorylated at the cell surface by an ectoprotein kinase. This is the first report to demonstrate that NGC can be phosphorylated both intracellularly and pericellularly, and our findings suggest that a kinase with a specificity similar to that of casein kinase II is responsible for the NGC ectodomain phosphorylation.
Linearity Indices and Linearity Improvement of 2-D Tetralateral Position-Sensitive Detector (2010)

A 2-D tetralateral position-sensitive detector (PSD) is able to provide continuous position measurements with high position resolution, fast response, and low cost. However, it suffers from the nonlinearity problem, which leads to inaccurate measurements. In this paper, two linearity indices are proposed as measures of linearity for its position measurement. Then, a systematic procedure is developed to design new formulas to achieve any degree of linearity through the use of the linearity indices. As an example, a simple estimation formula for the 2-D tetralateral PSD has been derived based on the procedure. Compared to the conventional formula, the linearity of the measurement is greatly improved when the new formula is used. To verify its effectiveness, the new formula is implemented in analog circuits and tested in our experiment. Similar linearity improvement for other 2-D PSDs can also be achieved by following the same design procedure.
Antibody Recognition of the Dengue Virus Proteome and Implications for Development of Vaccines (2011)

Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection caused by four distinct serotypes of dengue virus, each appearing cyclically in the tropics and subtropics along the equator. Although vaccines are currently under development, none are available to the general population. One of the main impediments to the successful advancement of these vaccines is the lack of well-defined immune correlates of protection. Here, we describe a protein microarray approach for measuring antibody responses to the complete viral proteome comprised of the structural (capsid, membrane, and envelope) and nonstructural (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5) components of all four dengue virus serotypes (1 to 4). We examined rhesus macaques vaccinated with tetravalent vaccines consisting of live-attenuated virus (LAV) or purified inactivated virus (PIV), followed by boosting with LAV and challenging with wild-type dengue virus. We detected temporal increases in antibodies against envelope proteins in response to either vaccine, while only the PIV/LAV vaccination strategy resulted in anticapsid antibodies. In contrast to results from vaccination, naïve macaques challenged with wild-type viruses of each serotype demonstrated a balanced response to nonstructural and structural components, including responses against the membrane protein. Our results demonstrate discriminating details concerning the nature of antibody responses to dengue virus at the proteomic level and suggest the usefulness of this information for vaccine development.
Heat-stable enterotoxin of<i>Escherichia coli</i>stimulates a non-CFTR-mediated duodenal bicarbonate secretory pathway (2004)

The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an important pathway for duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion. Duodenal biopsies from CF patients secrete bicarbonate in response to heat-stable enterotoxin from Escherichia coli (STa) but not cAMP. To explore the mechanism of STa-induced bicarbonate secretion in CF more fully, we examined the role of CFTR in STa-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion in mice. In vivo, the duodenum of CFTR (-/-) or control mice was perfused with forskolin (10(-4) M), STa (10(-7) M), uroguanylin (10(-7) M), 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP) (10(-3) M), genistein (10(-6) M) plus STa, or herbimycin A (10(-6) M) plus STa. In vitro, duodenal mucosae were voltage-clamped in Ussing chambers, and bicarbonate secretion was measured by pH-stat. The effect of genistein, DIDS (10(-4) M), and chloride removal was also studied in vitro. Control, but not CF, mice produced a significant increase in duodenal bicarbonate secretion after perfusion with forskolin, uroguanylin, or 8-Br-cGMP. However, both control and CF animals responded to STa with significant increases in bicarbonate output. Genistein and herbimycin A abolished this response in CF mice but not in controls. In vitro, STa-stimulated bicarbonate secretion in CF tissues was inhibited by genistein, DIDS, and chloride-free conditions, whereas bicarbonate secretion persisted in control mice. In the CF duodenum, STa can stimulate bicarbonate secretion via tyrosine kinase activity resulting in apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange. Further studies elucidating the intracellular mechanisms responsible for such non-CFTR mediated bicarbonate secretion may lead to important therapies for CF.
Creating landscapes with simulated colliding plates (2006)

The creation of realistic virtual terrain has been a longstanding computer graphics problem, as terrain will form the backdrop of any virtual world. Approaches to this problem to date have taken one of two approaches: either fractally generating landscapes, or simulating the processes of water and thermal erosion. I have developed a new method to synthesize virtual landscapes, by simulating some of the geological forces that create real-world landscapes\nI model the collision and deformation of simulated tectonic plates, and create features that mimic those found along real-world plate boundaries. This is achieved through the use of a meshless object representation subjected to physically-based forces, using existing techniques for accurately modeling stress and strain in solid objects.
Aerial image-based design of rim phase-shift masks with annular illumination (1993)

A wide variety of lithography enhancement techniques have been introduced in recent years. Each method has certain virtues, such as improving the resolution of tightly packed features or increasing the depth of focus for isolated ones. Normally, these schemes are analyzed for areas in which they work best. However, it is desirable to have a phase-shift method and illumination system which improves the depth of focus for a large variety of patterns. To satisfy both requirements, promising techniques must be biased to obtain the best process improvement. These issues are particularly relevant for masks with random logic. To address the two problems, we have developed an E-D tree based computer aided design system which analyzes phase-shift masks and illumination methods for one-dimensional features and calculates the proper bias for them. Our simulations concentrate on analyzing constant width lines and spaces of varying duty cycle. The results from analyzing the features illustrate that both phase-shifting masks and off-axis illumination have regions of reduced performance, or dead zones, in which the depth of focus is degraded. Examples of dead zones are evident with many types of phase-shift masks, such as attenuating, alternate aperture, and rim, and with illumination systems, such as annular illumination. Combinations of enhancement techniques, however, can reduce the effect.
Mercury(II) Sorption to Two Florida Everglades Peats:  Evidence for Strong and Weak Binding and Competition by Dissolved Organic Matter Released from the Peat (2002)

The binding of mercury(II) to two peats from Florida Everglades sites with different rates of mercury methylation was measured at pH 6.0 and 0.01 M ionic strength. The mercury(II) sorption isotherms, measured over a total mercury(II) range of 10(-7.4) to 10(-3.7) M, showed the competition for mercury(II) between the peat and dissolved organic matter released from the peat and the existence of strong and weak binding sites for mercury(II). Binding was portrayed by a model accounting for strong and weak sites on both the peat and the released DOM. The conditional binding constants (for which the ligand concentration was set as the concentration of reduced sulfur in the organic matter as measured by X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy) determined for the strong sites on the two peats were similar (Kpeat,s = 10(21.8 +/- 0.1) and 10(22.0 +/- 0.1) M-1), but less than those determined for the DOM strong sites (Kdom,s = 10(22.8 +/- 0.1) and 10(23.2 +/- 0.1) M-1), resulting in mercury(II) binding by the DOM at low mercury(II) concentrations. The magnitude of the strong site binding constant is indicative of mercury(II) interaction with organic thiol functional groups. The conditional binding constants determined for the weak peat sites (Kpeat,w = 10(11.5 +/- 0.1) and 10(11.8 +/- 0.1) M-1) and weak DOM sites (Kdom,w = 10(8.7 +/- 3.0) and 10(7.3 +/- 4.5) M-1) were indicative of mercury(II) interaction with carboxyl and phenol functional groups.
Growth factors rapidly induce expression of the glucose transporter gene. (1988)

The expression of the gene encoding the facilitated glucose transporter (GT) protein was studied in fibroblast cell lines. Addition of 15% calf serum to confluent BALB/c3T3, NIH3T3, or Rat-2 cells rapidly induced a 5-10-fold increase in GT mRNA, as determined by hybridization of size-fractionated total RNA to a rat brain GT cDNA. The rise in GT mRNA was maximal at 3-4 h after stimulation, and then returned to basal values by 16 h. The serum-stimulated increase in GT mRNA was not blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide (10 micrograms/ml) or anisomycin (100 microM). In BALB/c3T3 cells, fibroblast growth factor (100 ng/ml), platelet-derived growth factor (5 units/ml), and epidermal growth factor (40 ng/ml) stimulated GT mRNA accumulation, although, when added individually, none of these growth factors increased DNA synthesis. The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which activates the enzyme protein kinase C, also caused GT mRNA accumulation in BALB/c3T3 and NIH3T3 cells. Prolonged pretreatment of cells with TPA abolished the response to TPA but not fibroblast growth factor. The involvement of GT gene transcription was assessed by the nuclear run-on technique. Treatment of NIH3T3 cells with serum increased transcription at least 10-20-fold by 30 min and returned to near basal levels by 2 h. This rapid activation paralleled that of the c-fos gene, but preceded the increase in c-myc gene transcription. These data indicate the following: 1) serum growth factors increase glucose transporter mRNA levels by a process not requiring intermediary new protein synthesis and clearly dissociable from mitogenesis, 2) the changes in GT mRNA are preceded by a rapid and transient activation of GT gene transcription, and 3) there exist protein kinase C-dependent and independent pathways for regulation of GT gene expression.