gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CMOS compatible metamaterial absorbers for hyperspectral medium wave infrared imaging and sensing applications (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate a CMOS compatible medium wave infrared metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metamaterial absorber structure where for a single dielectric spacer thickness at least 93% absorption is attained for 10 separate bands centred at 3.08, 3.30, 3.53, 3.78, 4.14, 4.40, 4.72, 4.94, 5.33, 5.60 μm. Previous hyperspectral MIM metamaterial absorber designs required that the thickness of the dielectric spacer layer be adjusted in order to attain selective unity absorption across the band of interest thereby increasing complexity and cost. We show that the absorption characteristics of the hyperspectral metamaterial structures are polarization insensitive and invariant for oblique incident angles up to 25° making them suitable for practical implementation in an imaging system. Finally, we also reveal that under TM illumination and at certain oblique incident angles there is an extremely narrowband Fano resonance (Q > 50) between the MIM absorber mode and the surface plasmon polariton mode that could have applications in hazardous/toxic gas identification and biosensing.
An anti-nociceptive role for ceftriaxone in chronic neuropathic pain in rats (2009)

Glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) plays an essential role in the maintenance of glutamate homeostasis and is involved in the development and maintenance of pathological pain. The present study was undertaken (1) to observe the anti-nociceptive effects of ceftriaxone (Cef) in a chronic neuropathic pain model induced by chronic constrictive nerve injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and (2) to identify the role of spinal GLT-1 in the process. CCI induced significant thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, which began from postoperative day 3 and lasted to day 21. This long-term hyperalgesia was accompanied by significant down-regulation of GLT-1 expression in the L4-L6 segments of the spinal dorsal horn, as revealed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Intraperitoneal preventive and therapeutic administration of Cef effectively prevented or reversed, respectively, the development of thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and GLT-1 down-regulation in the spinal dorsal horn. To further determine whether the above anti-nociceptive effects of Cef are a result of the up-regulation of spinal GLT-1 expression and its function, we further observed the effects of intrathecal administration of Cef in the same model. It was found that intrathecal administration of Cef led to the specific up-regulation of GLT-1 expression and glutamate uptake ((3)H-glutamate) in the spinal dorsal horn, and similar anti-nociceptive effects to those of intraperitoneal administration of Cef. The above effects of intrathecal Cef administration were all significantly inhibited by intrathecal administration of GLT-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (As-ODNs). These results indicate that Cef plays an anti-nociceptive role by up-regulating spinal GLT-1 expression and its function.
Variation, patterns, and temporal stability of DNA methylation: considerations for epigenetic epidemiology (2010)

The prospect of finding epigenetic risk factors for complex diseases would be greatly enhanced if DNA from existing biobanks, which is generally extracted from whole blood, could be used to perform epigenetic association studies. We characterized features of DNA methylation at 16 candidate loci, 8 of which were imprinted, in DNA samples from the Netherlands Twin Register biobank. Except for unmethylated or fully methylated sites, CpG methylation varied considerably in a sample of 30 unrelated individuals. This variation remained after accounting for the cellular heterogeneity of blood. Methylation of CpG sites was correlated within loci and, for 4 imprinted loci, across chromosomes. In 34 additional individuals, we investigated the DNA methylation of 8 representative loci in 2 longitudinal blood and 2 longitudinal buccal cell samples (follow-up 11-20 and 2-8 yr, respectively). Five of 8 loci were stable over time (rho>0.75) in both tissues, indicating that prospective epigenetic studies may be possible. For 4 loci, the DNA methylation in blood (mesoderm) correlated with that in the buccal cells (ectoderm) (rho>0.75). Our data suggest that epigenetic studies on complex diseases may be feasible for a proportion of genomic loci provided that they are carefully designed.
Exchange coupling between NiO and NiFe thin films (1996)

NiO/NiFe bilayer thin films were prepared by rf reactive and dc magnetron sputtering, respectively. The exchange coupling strength between NiO and NiFe as a function of NiO texture and interface roughness was investigated by using different sputtering pressures, Au, and Cu buffer layers. The experimental results show that the exchange coupling field strongly depends on the NiO/NiFe interface roughness. In addition, we found the exchange coupling is largest for the (200) texture compared to the (111)-texture films. This is surprising since the bulk spin structure of NiO predicts the (200) plane to be compensated while the (111) plane is to be uncompensated.
Evaluation of the OptiMAL Test for Rapid Diagnosis of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> and <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Malaria (1998)

The development of rapid and specific diagnostic tests to identify individuals infected with malaria is of paramount importance in efforts to control the severe public health impact of this disease. This study evaluated the ability of a newly developed rapid malaria diagnostic test, OptiMAL (Flow Inc., Portland, Oreg.), to detect Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria during an outbreak in Honduras. OptiMAL is a rapid (10-min) malaria detection test which utilizes a dipstick coated with monoclonal antibodies against the intracellular metabolic enzyme parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). Differentiation of malaria parasites is based on antigenic differences between the pLDH isoforms. Since pLDH is produced only by live Plasmodium parasites, this test has the ability to differentiate live from dead organisms. Results from the OptiMAL test were compared to those obtained by reading 100 fields of traditional Giemsa-stained thick-smear blood films. Whole-blood samples were obtained from 202 patients suspected of having malaria. A total of 96 samples (48%) were positive by blood films, while 91 (45%) were positive by the OptiMAL test. The blood films indicated that 82% (79 of 96) of the patients were positive for P. vivax and 18% (17 of 96) were infected with P. falciparum. The OptiMAL test showed that 81% (74 of 91) were positive for P. vivax and 19% (17 of 91) were positive for P. falciparum. These results demonstrated that the OptiMAL test had sensitivities of 94 and 88% and specificities of 100 and 99%, respectively, when compared to traditional blood films for the detection of P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria. Blood samples not identified by OptiMAL as malaria positive normally contained parasites at concentrations of less than 100/microl of blood. Samples found to contain P. falciparum were further tested by two other commercially available rapid malaria diagnostic tests, ParaSight-F (Becton Dickinson, Cockeysville, Md.) and ICT Malaria P.f. (ICT Diagnostics, Sydney, Australia), both of which detect only P. falciparum. Only 11 of the 17 (65%) P. falciparum-positive blood samples were identified by the ICT and ParaSight-F tests. Thus, OptiMAL correctly identified P. falciparum malaria parasites in patient blood samples more often than did the other two commercially available diagnostic tests and showed an excellent correlation with traditional blood films in the identification of both P. vivax malaria and P. falciparum malaria. We conclude that the OptiMAL test is an effective tool for the rapid diagnosis of malaria.
Study on properties of gel polymer electrolytes based on ionic liquid and amine‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile copolymer chemically crosslinked by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (2012)

Abstract Based on amine‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile copolymer chemically crosslinked by epoxycyclohexyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), a novel gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) were prepared by introducing one ionic liquid and LiClO 4 into the polymer framework. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the interaction between the ionic liquid and LiClO 4 , and this interaction contributes to dissolving LiClO 4 salt and increasing the ionic conductivity of GPE. Less content of POSS leads to higher ionic conductivities but lower gel content and modulus. The maximum ionic conductivity of 2.0 × 10 −4 S cm −1 (30°C) was achieved and an Arrhenius‐type relationship between ionic conductivities and temperatures could be detected over the investigated temperature range. The generated GPE exhibited good electrochemical stability to 4 V from cyclic voltammogram tests, which made this kind of GPE a promising candidate for rechargeable lithium batteries. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Institutional development work in the World Bank : a review of 84 bank projects (1990)

Institutional weakness is a critical constraint to economic development. The goal of this paper is to review the design of recent Bank projects to assess the quality of their institutional development (ID) components and the factors that may affect that quality. A major focus is Bank staffing and organization, and the following issues are addressed: (a) the quality of institutional analysis and ID components in the design of current Bank project; (b) the ID work that is being done in Bank projects; (c) qualifications needed for effective ID work; (d) the impact the Bank's organizational structure has on ID work; and (e) suggestions that can be made to broaden and strengthen the ID work in Bank projects.
Removal of blocking artifacts of DCT transform by classified space-frequency filtering (2002)

Image compression techniques based on block discrete cosine transform (BDCT) are widely used today. However, visually annoying blocking artifacts appear when the compression ratio is high. We propose an iterative method to remove these artifacts using block classification and space-frequency filtering. The new method is better than POCS (projections onto convex sets) and regularization methods in visual appearance as well as objective error measures.
Olfactory neurons express a unique glycosylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM). (1990)

mAb-based approaches were used to identify cell surface components involved in the development and function of the frog olfactory system. We describe here a 205-kD cell surface glycoprotein on olfactory receptor neurons that was detected with three mAbs: 9-OE, 5-OE, and 13-OE. mAb 9-OE immunoreactivity, unlike mAbs 5-OE and 13-OE, was restricted to only the axons and terminations of the primary sensory olfactory neurons in the frog nervous system. The 9-OE polypeptide(s) were immunoprecipitated and tested for cross-reactivity with known neural cell surface components including HNK-1, the cell adhesion molecule L1, and the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM). These experiments revealed that 9-OE-reactive molecules were not L1 related but were a subset of the 200-kD isoforms of N-CAM. mAb 9-OE recognized epitopes associated with N-linked carbohydrate residues that were distinct from the polysialic acid chains present on the embryonic form of N-CAM. Moreover, 9-OE N-CAM was a heterogeneous population consisting of subsets both with and without the HNK-1 epitope. Thus, combined immunohistochemical and immunoprecipitation experiments have revealed a new glycosylated form of N-CAM unique to the olfactory system. The restricted spatial expression pattern of this N-CAM glycoform suggests a possible role in the unusual regenerative properties of this sensory system.
Far-infrared light generation at semiconductor surfaces and its spectroscopic applications (1992)

Femtosecond pulses of far-infrared (FIR) radiation can be generated in the depletion field near semiconductor surfaces under optical excitation via the inverse Franz-Keldysh effect or electric-field-induced optical rectification. This coherent mechanism differs from previously proposed incoherent mechanisms and is expected to dominate for nonresonant excitation as well as for resonant excitation with optical fields. Two femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopic applications using a visible excitation pulse and a FIR probe pulse are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
#553 Multiple genomic amplifications including N-MYC in a primary large cell medulloblastoma (1999)

Reardon, D.; Sublett, J.; Ragsdale, S.; Thompson, S.; Merchant, T.; Kun, L.; Jenkins, J.; Burger, P. Author Information
The relationship between autoimmune thyroid disease and iodine intake: a review. (1992)

There is evidence to suggest that elevated levels of iodide in the diet are associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) in susceptible individuals, and that autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) is less common in susceptible individuals who live in regions with dietary iodine deficiency. There are epidemiologic studies in endemic goiter areas that report an increase in ATD, particularly thyroiditis, after the therapeutic administration of iodized salt, bread and oil. Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid is rarely found in patients from severe endemic goiter regions, yet there is a reversal of this observation after dietary iodine supplementation. Thyroid antibodies, both thyroglobulin (TgAb) and peroxidase (TpAb) or microsomal, were not detected in serum from patients with endemic goiter, but became positive in 43% of subjects three and six months after therapy with iodized oil, and there developed transient hyperthyroidism. Similarly, the addition of iodine to the diet or the administration of iodine-containing medications increases the frequency of ATD and the severity of existing autoimmune thyroiditis. Furthermore, autoimmune thyroiditis has been induced by the administration of excess iodide to strains of chickens and rats that are genetically predetermined to develop the disease. We are beginning to understand the pathogenesis of ATD. In hyperthyroidism the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis that TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) stimulate the TSH receptor to induce excessive and sustained secretion of thyroid hormones. Cellmediated immune mechanisms, such as antibody dependent cellmediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), initiate the lymphocytic infiltration and thyrocytotoxicity in autoimmune thyroiditis. The mechanisms that initiate the development of the abnormal immune response and the relationship of ATD with excess iodide are poorly understood. There is evidence that an increase in the iodination of thyroglobulin (Tg) enhances its immunogenicity. The results of clinical and experimental studies support the requirement of a genetic predisposition to the development of ATD that may be precipitated by exposure to certain environmental factors. Another mechanism supported by experimental data is the direct toxic effect of excess iodide on iodide-deficient thyroid glands. High concentrations of iodide after oxidation to iodine causes epithelial necrosis and inflammation associated with lipofuscin accumulation suggestive of toxicity mediated by lipid peroxidation from excessive amounts of free radicals. The epithelial damage would initiate inflammatory and immune responses. Although these mechanisms would relate to the onset of autoimmune thyroiditis on exposure to excessive amounts of iodide, the relationship of iodide intake and autoimmune hyperthyroidism is less clear.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
S-Nitrosothiols as Nitric Oxide-Donors: Chemistry, Biology and Possible Future Therapeutic Applications (2004)

In recent years, the gaseous molecule nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be involved in many important biological events. S-Nitrosothiols are biological substances derived endogenously from NO, and are found in a variety of tissues exhibiting NO-mimetic activity. Fundamental studies on the chemical aspects of S-nitrosothiols have become an integral part of NO research, with a view to further understanding the numerous biological functions both of NO and of S-nitrosothiols themselves. It has often been suggested that S-nitrosothiols represent a means either for the storage or transport of NO, although the evidence for this is sparse. Many S-nitrosothiols have now been synthesized chemically, and at present they show the most promise as clinically useful NO-donor drugs. In this review, we examine in detail the biological functions of S-nitrosothiols, as well as the chemical properties and biomedical applications of these compounds.
Transient Modeling and Analysis of a Metabolic Heat-Regenerated Temperature Swing Adsorption System for a Portable Life Support System (2010)

A Metabolic heat-regenerated Temperature Swing Adsorption (MTSA) system is being developed for carbon dioxide, water and thermal control in a lunar and Martian Portable Life Support System (PLSS). A previous system analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of MTSA on PLSS design. That effort was Mars-specific and assumed liquid carbon dioxide (LCO 2) coolant made from Martian resources. Transient effects were not considered; average conditions were used instead throughout the analysis. This effort takes into further consideration the transient effects inherent in the cycling MTSA system as well as assesses the use of water as coolant. Standard heat transfer, thermodynamic, and heat exchanger methods are presented to conduct the analysis. Assumptions and model verification are discussed. The tool was used to perform various system studies. Coolant selection was explored, taking into account different operational scenarios as the minimum bed temperature is driven by the sublimation temperature of the coolant (water being significantly higher than LCO 2). From this, coolant mass is sized coupled with sorbent bed mass because MTSA adsorption performance decreases with increasing sublimation temperature. Reduction in heat exchanger performance and even removal of certain heat exchangers, such as a recuperative one between the two sorbent beds, is also investigated. Finally, the coolant flow rate is varied over the cycle to determine whether there is a more optimal means of cooling the bed from a mass perspective. Results of these studies and subsequent recommendations for system design are presented.
Synthesis, Structural Features, and Formation of Organometallic Derivates of C<sub>1</sub>-Bridged Cp/Amido Titanium and Zirconium “CpCN-Constrained Geometry” Systems (2005)

A series of C1-bridged Cp/amido group 4 metal complexes [(“CpCN”)MX2] was prepared. The starting compound 6-tert-butylfulvene (7) was reacted with LiNHR (R = o-anisyl (a), p-anisyl (b), phenyl (c), or tert-butyl (d)) to yield the Li(C5H4-CH(tBu)-NHR) compounds (8). Subsequent deprotonation with n-butyllithium, followed by transmetalation with Cl2Ti(NMe2)2, yielded the (“CpCN”)Ti(NR2)2 complexes 10 (a−d). A second synthetic series started from 6-(dimethylamino)fulvene (11). The reaction with the LiNHR reagents led to addition followed by HNMe2 elimination to yield the respective imino-substituted cyclopentadienides Li(C5H4-CHNR) (13). Addition of methyllithium to 13 gave the (Li+)2(C5H4-CHMe-NR)2-, (“CpCN”)2-, ligands (14). Transmetalation with Cl2Ti(NMe2)2 subsequently yielded the corresponding μ-CHMe-bridged Cp/amido group 4 complexes 15 (a−c). Treatment with Me2SiCl2 cleanly converted the (“CpCN”)M(NR2)2 complexes to the respective (“CpCN”)MCl2 systems [3a−d, 4a−c (Ti), 5a (Zr)]. These were transformed to the (“CpCN”)M(CH3)2 complexes [μ-CHCMe3: 17a−d (Ti), 19a (Zr), μ-CHMe: 18a−c (Ti)] and the (s-cis-supine-η4-butadiene)(“CpCN”)Ti systems 21a−d and 22b,c. With respect to X-ray structure analyses the (CpCN)MX2 systems must be regarded as more “constrained” than their (“CpSiN”)MX2 analogues. The (“CpCN”)MCl2 and (“CpCN”)M(CH3)2 complexes were used as catalysts for ethene homopolymerization and ethene/1-octene copolymerization. All systems gave active catalysts, but these were quite different in their catalytic performance when compared with the usually applied (“CpSiN”)TiX2-derived catalysts. The (“CpCN”)M catalyst activities and selectivities were very dependent on the specific activator components employed.
The STOP-NIDDM Trial: An international study on the efficacy of an α-glucosidase inhibitor to prevent type 2 diabetes in a population with impaired glucose tolerance: rationale, design, and preliminary screening data (1998)

Screening of a high-risk population yields one eligible subject per every 10 volunteers screened. This study should definitely answer the question of whether acarbose can prevent or delay the progression of IGT to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Receptor Complexes Cotransported via Polarized Endocytic Pathways Form Clusters with Distinct Organizations (2007)

Previously, FRET confocal microscopy has shown that polymeric IgA-receptor (pIgA-R) is distributed in a clustered manner in apical endosomes. To test whether different membrane-bound components form clusters during membrane trafficking, live-cell quantitative FRET was used to characterize the organization of pIgA-R and transferrin receptor (TFR) in endocytic membranes of polarized MDCK cells upon internalization of donor- and acceptor-labeled ligands. We show that pIgA-R and TFR complexes form increasingly organized clusters during cotransport from basolateral to perinuclear endosomes. The organization of these receptor clusters in basolateral versus perinuclear/apical endosomes is significantly different; the former showing a mixed random/clustered distribution while the latter highly organized clusters. Our results indicate that although both perinuclear and apical endosomes comprise pIgA-R and TFR clusters, their E% levels are significantly different suggesting that these receptors are packed into clusters in a distinct manner. The quantitative FRET-based assay presented here suggests that different receptor complexes form clusters, with diverse levels of organization, while being cotransported via the polarized endocytic pathways.
The preparation and properties of tertiary phosphines and tertiary phosphine oxides with long alkyl chains (1979)

A series of tertiary phosphines and tertiary phosphine oxides with straight-chain alkyl groups of between ten and nineteen.carbon atoms have been prepared., The tertiary phosphines are waxy, very air-sensitive solids, whereas the tertiary phosphine oxides are more crystalline, are stable in air, and do not show the deliquescence associated with the lower members of the series with alkyl chains containing between one and seven carbon atoms. The compounds were characterised by microanalysis, i.r., 1H, and 31P n.m.r. Spectra, and mass spectrometry. The trialkylphosphines were found to form readily complexes [ML2Cl2] with palladium(II) and platinum(II) and the trialkylphosphine oxides formed complexes with elements, such as nickel(II) and copper(II), in the first transition series.