gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experience in treating benign prostatic hypertrophy with Sabal serrulata for one year. (1993)

The authors treated 42 BPH patients with the Sabal extract Strogen forte for 12 months. The obstructive symptoms, residual volume, mean and maximum flow rates improved significantly by the 6th therapeutic month at the latest. The results seem to prove the effectiveness of the drug. Side effects have not been observed.
Hidden Markov models for nonintrusive appliance load monitoring (2014)

A method of device modeling for nonintrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM) is presented. The proposed method uses hidden Markov models to describe device behavior. Unlike previous methods of device modeling, observations are associated with instantaneous power measurements as opposed to step changes in power use or on-off transients. The training procedure for individual devices is discussed. Accuracies of seven different device models are assessed using k-fold cross validation. In this assessment, the correlations between sequences of known state transitions and calculated Viterbi sequences representing predicted transitions are determined. This process is repeated for power use profiles collected at different sampling rates. Individual devices' Viterbi sequences are shown to be able to accurately approximate the actual device power use.
Retarded Translocation of Nucleic Acids through α-Hemolysin Nanopore in the Presence of a Calcium Flux (2020)

Electrophysiological measurement of molecular translocation through a nanopore is the fundamental basis of nanopore sensing. Free translocation of nucleic acids however is normally so fast that the identities of the compounds are not clearly resolvable. Inspired by recent progress in fluorescence imaging based nanopore sensing, we found that during electrophysiology measurements, translocation of nucleic acids is also retarded whenever a calcium flux around the pore vicinity is established. The residence time of nucleic acids has been extended to tens of milliseconds, a result of the strong coupling between nucleic acids and free calcium ions. The methodology presented here is applicable to both DNAs and RNAs and is able to clearly discriminate between different RNA homopolymers. This offers new insights for calcium imaging based nanopore sensing and suggests a new strategy of electrophysiology-based nanopore sensing aimed at a retarded motion of nucleic acids.
Cognitive radio - an adaptive waveform with spectral sharing capability (2005)

The growth of wireless applications and spectral limitations are serious concerns for both the military and civilian communities. Cognitive radio (CR) technologies expand spectrum efficiency using elements of space, time and frequency diversity that up to now have not been exploited. An adaptive waveform (AW) generation technique is presented which adapts to the changing electromagnetic environment and synthesizes waveform features in the frequency domain. Spectral coexistence with other applications is also addressed and can be accomplished in both static and dynamic environments. Bit error rate (BER) serves as the primary performance metric for evaluating and comparing AW processing with other waveforms and systems.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF GLYCOCONJUGATES FOR USE AS ARTIFICIAL ANTIGENS: A SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE (1984)

Abstract Eine Vielzahl von Glycokonjugaten (I) wird durch Hydrazinolyse in die Hydrazide (II) übergeführt, und die aus (II) entstehenden Säureazide (III) werden als reaktive Zwischenstufen sofort mit einem Trägerprotein zu (IV) umgesetzt.
Absorption and wavelength modulation spectroscopy of NO_2 using a tunable, external cavity continuous wave quantum cascade laser (2009)

The absorption spectra and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) of NO(2) using a tunable, external cavity CW quantum cascade laser operating at room temperature in the region of 1625 to 1645 cm(-1) are reported. The external cavity quantum cascade laser enabled us to record continuous absorption spectra of low concentrations of NO(2) over a broad range (approximately 16 cm(-1)), demonstrating the potential for simultaneously recording the complex spectra of multiple species. This capability allows the identification of a particular species of interest with high sensitivity and selectivity. The measured spectra are in excellent agreement with the spectra from the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database [J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 96, 139-204 (2005)]. We also conduct WMS for the first time using an external cavity quantum cascade laser, a technique that enhances the sensitivity of detection. By employing WMS, we could detect low-intensity absorption lines, which are not visible in the simple absorption spectra, and demonstrate a minimum detection limit at the 100 ppb level with a short-path absorption cell. Details of the tunable, external cavity quantum cascade laser system and its performance are discussed.
Characterization and Purification from Human Brain of a Hyaluronic Acid‐Binding Glycoprotein, Hyaluronectin (1981)

Using affinity chromatography and enzyme-labelled immunological assays combined with affinity adsorption, we have obtained evidence for the binding of a brain glycoprotein to hyaluronic acid, and on this basis named it hyaluronectin. This binding was inhibited by hyaluronic acid and by the products of its hydrolysis by hyaluronidase from bovine testis, but was not inhibited by other glycosaminoglycans or by monosaccharides. Preparative affinity chromatography of brain acid-soluble proteins produced hyaluronectin in a good degree of purity. Contamination by albumin was less than 1% and the yield was as high as 80%.
Dexamethasone-Loaded Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Microspheres/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel Composite Coatings for Inflammation Control (2004)

PLGA microsphere/PVA hydrogel composites eluting dexamethasone were successful in controlling negative tissue reactions at the sensor-tissue interface by reducing the level of inflammation-mediation cells to those observed in normal tissue. These composites show promise as coatings for implantable biosensors to improve biocompatibility and prolong sensor lifetime.
Optimization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Expression by Newcastle Disease Virus Vectors for the Induction of Potent Immune Responses (2008)

One attractive strategy for the development of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine is the use of viral vectors with a proven safety profile and an absence of preexisting immunity in humans, such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Several NDV vaccine vectors have been generated, and their immunogenicities have been investigated with different animal models. However, a systematic study to evaluate the optimal insertion site of the foreign antigens into NDV that results in enhanced immune responses specific to the antigen has not yet been conducted. In this article, we describe the ability of NDV expressing HIV Gag to generate a Gag-specific immune response in mice. We also have determined the optimal insertion site into the NDV genome by generating recombinant NDV-HIVGag viruses in which HIV gag was located at different transcriptional positions throughout the NDV viral genome. All recombinant viruses were viable, grew to similar titers in embryonated chicken eggs, and expressed Gag in a stable manner. Our in vivo experiments revealed that higher HIV Gag protein expression positively correlates with an enhanced CD8(+) T-cell-mediated immune response and protective immunity against challenge with vaccinia virus expressing HIV Gag. We also inserted a codon-optimized version of HIV gag in the described best location, between the P and M genes. Virus expressing the codon-optimized version of HIV gag induced a higher expression of the protein and an enhanced immune response against HIV Gag in mice. These results indicate that strategies directed toward increasing antigen expression by NDV result in enhanced immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy.
Strong picosecond ultrasonic responses of semiconductors probed close to interband transitions (2004)

We present experimental and numerical results of picosecond ultrasonic experiments performed in different semiconductors at different laser wavelengths. We first come back on the strong oscillations which appear in the reflectivity curves of silicon as the probe pulse is tuned in the blue range. We show that they come from an effect of the electronic transitions on the piezo-optic couplings. We then present similar results obtained in germanium which displays three interband transitions which fall in our laser source tuning range: 3.11, 2.11 and 0.8 eV (399, 587 and 1540 nm). Here again we have noticed strong responses in the reflectivity curves. We then make a comparison between silicon and germanium in respect with the laser wavelength effects. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical single-sideband modulator for broad-band subcarrier multiplexing systems (2003)

We experimentally demonstrate an enhanced optical single-sideband (OSSB) modulator for subcarrier-multiplexing (SCM) systems that provides improvement of the output optical modulation depth without increasing either the second-order or the third-order nonlinear distortion of the transmitted radio frequency signal. The modulator is deployed in an SCM link conveying 4 /spl times/ 622-Mb/s modulated subcarriers, demonstrating an enhancement of five orders of magnitude in bit error rate compared to the use of a dual-electrode OSSB modulator design. In addition, the dispersion penalty for the worst-case channel is reduced to less than 1.7 dB.
Effect of <i>Nigella sativa</i> (black seed) on subjective feeling in patients with allergic diseases (2003)

Nigella sativa (black seed) is an important medicinal herb. In many Arabian, Asian and African countries, black seed oil is used as a natural remedy for a wide range of diseases, including various allergies. The plant's mechanism of action is still largely unknown. Due to the lack of study data on its efficacy in allergies, four studies on the clinical efficacy of Nigella sativa in allergic diseases are presented. In these studies, a total of 152 patients with allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, atopic eczema) were treated with Nigella sativa oil, given in capsules at a dose of 40 to 80 mg/kg/day. The patients scored the subjective severity of target symptoms using a predefined scale. The following laboratory parameters were investigated: IgE, eosinophil count, endogenous cortisol in plasma and urine, ACTH, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol and lymphocyte subpopulations. The score of subjective feeling decreased over the course of treatment with black seed oil in all four studies. A slight decrease in plasma triglycerides and a discrete increase in HDL cholesterol occurred while the lymphocyte subpopulations, endogenous cortisol levels and ACTH release remained unchanged. Black seed oil therefore proved to be an effective adjuvant for the treatment of allergic diseases.
Homogeneous catalysis: use of chiral titanocene complexes for asymmetric catalytic Diels–Alder reactions (1995)

A stable, chiral diaquo titanocene complex is an excellent catalyst for certain Diels–Alder reactions giving good enantioselectivity which indicates that catalysis occurs by metal rather than by proton activation of the dienophile.
The role of proteomics in understanding sperm cell biology (2007)

The advent of enhanced methods for the pre-fractionation of proteins, improved high speed, high resolution, high sensitivity mass spectrometry hardware and superior informatics/bioformatics software is heralding a new era in our capacity to analyse the proteomic composition of human spermatozoa. Parallel improvements in our capacity to compare proteomic profiles from spermatozoa in different functional states (immature vs. mature, uncapacitated vs. capacitated, normal vs. defective) is also helping to define which specific elements of the proteome are of functional significance. The ultimate aim of such studies will be to integrate the proteome with the sperm metabolome so that we shall not only understand the cascade of post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation, glycosylation, proteolytic cleavage) involved in generating a functional spermatozoon but also determine how these physiological changes are brought about. This fundamental information will then create a basis for identifying key points in the post-testicular maturation of spermatozoa that might be targeted for contraceptive purposes or implicated in the defective sperm function observed in a significant proportion of infertile males.
(<i>R</i>)-Ethyl 4-<i>t</i>-Butoxy-3-hydroxybutanoate, a Versatile Chiral Building Block for EPC (Enantiomerically Pure Compound) Syntheses, by Yeast Reduction of Ethyl 4-<i>t</i>-Butoxy-3-oxobutanoate (1986)

Reduction of ethyl 4-t-butoxy-3-oxobutanoate with fermenting yeast yields (R)-ethyl 4-t-butoxy-3-hydroxybutanoate in 97% e.e. Since the protective group is readily removed from the product of reduction, the present procedure provides a simple entry to the "world of chiral blocks" formally derived from (R)-malic acid.
Use of neuroendocrine serum markers in the follow-up of patients with cancer of the prostate (1997)

Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation of prostatic adenocarcinomas has received increasing attention in recent years as a result of possible implications on prognosis and therapy. The incidence of NE cells in tumors has been reported from 10% up to 100%. Several studies have shown chromogranin A (CgA) to be the most reliable serum marker of NE differentiation. We have followed 22 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma over a 2-year period. The patients underwent a palliative transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) because of urinary outflow obstruction. The prostatic tissue specimens were stained immunohistochemically using antibodies against CgA, chromogranin B (CgB), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serotonin, and somatostatin. In addition, each specimen was stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H & E), and saffran for tumor grading. Blood samples were taken preoperatively and after 1, 3, 6, and 24 months. The serum values of CgA, CgB, pancreastatin (Pst), NSE, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were determined from each sample. Carcinomas with groups of CgA-positive cells had higher serum levels of CgA compared to carcinomas with no or only scattered CgA-positive NE cells. During the 2-year period, there were no statistical significant variations in serum levels of CgA, NSE, Pst, and PSA. However, there was a significant increase in serum levels of CgB during the same period, P = 0.002, possibly due to an increase in number of NE cells in tumor or to a relative increase in production of CgB in the NE cells.
The Convolution Exponential and Generalized Sylvester Flows (2020)

This paper introduces a new method to build linear flows, by taking the exponential of a linear transformation. This linear transformation does not need to be invertible itself, and the exponential has the following desirable properties: it is guaranteed to be invertible, its inverse is straightforward to compute and the log Jacobian determinant is equal to the trace of the linear transformation. An important insight is that the exponential can be computed implicitly, which allows the use of convolutional layers. Using this insight, we develop new invertible transformations named convolution exponentials and graph convolution exponentials, which retain the equivariance of their underlying transformations. In addition, we generalize Sylvester Flows and propose Convolutional Sylvester Flows which are based on the generalization and the convolution exponential as basis change. Empirically, we show that the convolution exponential outperforms other linear transformations in generative flows on CIFAR10 and the graph convolution exponential improves the performance of graph normalizing flows. In addition, we show that Convolutional Sylvester Flows improve performance over residual flows as a generative flow model measured in log-likelihood.
Adjuvant-Guided Type-1 and Type-2 Immunity: Infectious/Noninfectious Dichotomy Defines the Class of Response (1999)

Traditionally, protein Ags have been injected in CFA (oil with inactivated mycobacteria) to induce immunity and with IFA (oil alone) to induce tolerance. We report here that injection of hen eggwhite lysozyme, a prototypic Ag, in CFA-induced and IFA-induced pools of hen eggwhite lysozyme-specific memory T cells of comparable fine specificity, clonal size, and avidity spectrum, but with type-1 and type-2 cytokine signatures, respectively. This adjuvant-guided induction of virtually unipolar type-1 and type-2 immunity was observed with seven protein Ags and in a total of six mouse strains. Highly polarized type-1 and type-2 immunity are thus readily achievable through the choice of adjuvant, irrespective of the genetic bias of the host and of the nature of the protein Ag. This finding should have far-reaching implications for the development of vaccines against infectious and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, our demonstration that Ag injected with IFA is as strongly immunogenic for T cells as it is with CFA shows that the presence of the mycobacteria determines not the priming of naive T cells through the second-signal link but the path of downstream differentiation toward CD4 memory cells that express either type-1 or type-2 cytokines.
A Low-Dropout Regulator with PSRR Enhancement through Feed-Forward Ripple Cancellation Technique in 65 nm CMOS Process (2020)

In this paper, a low-dropout (LDO) regulator with an enhanced power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) is proposed with a feed-forward ripple cancellation technique (FFRC) in 65 nm CMOS technology. This technique significantly improves the PSRR over a wide range of frequencies, compared to a conventional LDO regulator. The LDO regulator provides 35–76.8 dB of PSRR in the range of 1 MHz–1 GHz, which shows up to 30 dB of PSRR improvement, compared with that of the conventional LDO regulator. The implemented LDO regulator has a dropout voltage of 0.22 V and a maximum load current of 20 mA. It can also provide an output voltage of 0.98 V at a range of 1–1.3 V of the input voltage. The load regulation is 2.3 mV/mA while the line regulation is 0.05 V/V. The circuit consumes 385 μA with an input voltage of 1.2 V. The total area without pads is 0.092 mm2.
Sliding mode control for multi-input discrete time systems (2002)

A new sliding mode controller is proposed for multi-input discrete time systems. The controller consists of a linear state feedback and a switching feedback. A class of stabilizing switching gain is derived. Another class of those without chattering is also derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single Frequency GPS Orbit Determination for Low Earth Orbiters (1996)

A number of missions in the future are planning to use GPS for precision orbit determination. Cost considerations and receiver availability make single frequency GPS receivers attractive if the orbit accuracy requirements can be met.
Transient Loss of Resistance to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in p47<sup><i>phox−/−</i></sup>Mice (2000)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important respiratory pathogen the growth of which is controlled primarily by cytokine-activated macrophages. One of the principal mediators of this control is nitric oxide; however, superoxide has recently been shown to be protective in systemic mycobacterial infections. To determine whether superoxide is important in controlling M. tuberculosis during primary pulmonary infection, mice lacking the cytosolic p47(phox) gene (which is essential for effective superoxide production by the NADPH oxidase) were infected aerogenically. The lack of superoxide during an aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis resulted in a significant increase in bacterial growth over the early period of infection. Once antigen-specific gamma interferon-producing lymphocytes were detected in the draining lymph nodes, however, bacterial growth in the lung stopped. One interesting consequence of the lack of superoxide was an increase in neutrophilic infiltrates within the granuloma. This may be a consequence of increased tissue damage due to more rapid bacterial growth or may reflect a role for superoxide in controlling inflammation.
Effect of the Second-Generation Vascular Disrupting Agent OXi4503 on Tumor Vascularity (2006)

The present studies show that the second-generation VDA OXi4503 possesses significant antivascular effects in solid tumors. Importantly, the vasculature of tumors of mice that had received an initial dose this agent was as responsive to a subsequent treatment.
A Visible Light-Driven Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst Codoped with Lanthanum and Iodine: An Application in the Degradation of Oxalic Acid (2008)

A series of photocatalysts was synthesized by codoping TiO2 with lanthanum and iodine (La−I−TiO2). The structure and properties of the catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) method, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The prepared anatase-phase La−I−TiO2 (molar ratio 20:20:100) calcined at 400 °C had a BET surface area of 92.9 m2 g−1, and the crystallite size calculated from XRD data was ∼3.57 nm, and it had a remarkable absorption in the visible light range of 400−550 nm. The catalytic efficiency was tested by monitoring the photocatalytic degradation of oxalic acid under visible light irradiation. An optimum molar ratio of 20:100 La/TiO2 was determined for the most efficient inhibition of the recombination of electron−hole pairs and the photocatalytic activity of La−I−TiO2 calcined at 400 °C was significantly higher than that calcined at 500 or 600 °C in aqueous oxalic acid solution. The probable process of oxalic acid degradation was that it was first adsorbed onto the surface of the catalysts, where it reacted with valence band holes (hvb+) and the surface-bound or adsorbed •OH radicals (•OHads) as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from oxygen reduction by photogenerated electrons, and finally converted into CO2 and H2O without any stable intermediate.
As comissões de protecção: caminhos a percorrer na promoção da cidadania das crianças e dos jovens (1998)

Intervenção social. - ISSN 0874-1611. - N. 17-18 (1998). - p. 27-51