gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eccrine Naevus: Case Report and Literature Review (2002)

Dorner W, et al. Necrolytic acral erythema associated with de cits in a chronic alcohol abuser: a case report of Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Am J Emerg Med 1994; 12: hepatitis C. EVective treatment with interferon-a and zinc. Arch Dermatol 2000; 136: 755–757. 238–240. 6. Serdaru M, Hausser-Hauw C, Laplane D, Buge A, 4. Spivak JL, Jackson DL. Pellagra: analysis of 18 patients and a review of the literature. Johns Hopkins Med J 1977; Castaigne P, Goulon H, et al. The clinical spectrum of alcoholic pellagra encephalopathy. A retrospective analysis 140: 295–309. 5. GuidoME, Brady W, DeBehnke D. Reversible neurological of 22 cases studied pathologically. Brain 1988; 111: 829–842.
Data-Driven Controller Unfalsification With Analytic Update Applied to a Motion System (2008)

Ellipsoidal unfalsified control is a plant-model-free, data-driven control design method. It recursively checks, using available data, whether the ability of a controller to meet a predefined performance requirement is (un)falsified. The set of unfalsified controllers is described by an ellipsoid in the control parameter space. The update of the ellipsoid employing new measurements can be computed analytically, hence, it is computationally cheap. This adaptive scheme is applied to an experimental motion system, namely to an industrial inkjet printer at a sample rate of 1 kHz. The results clearly show that the algorithm updates the control parameter set when the performance requirement is not met with the currently implemented one. The resulting closed-loop behavior resembles the predefined reference model in the dominant frequency range.
High-performance shape-engineerable thermoelectric painting (2016)

Output power of thermoelectric generators depends on device engineering minimizing heat loss as well as inherent material properties. However, the device engineering has been largely neglected due to the limited flat or angular shape of devices. Considering that the surface of most heat sources where these planar devices are attached is curved, a considerable amount of heat loss is inevitable. To address this issue, here, we present the shape-engineerable thermoelectric painting, geometrically compatible to surfaces of any shape. We prepared Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>-based inorganic paints using the molecular Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> chalcogenidometalate as a sintering aid for thermoelectric particles, with ZT values of 0.67 for n-type and 1.21 for p-type painted materials that compete the bulk values. Devices directly brush-painted onto curved surfaces produced the high output power of 4.0 mW cm<sup>-2</sup>. This approach paves the way to designing materials and devices that can be easily transferred to other applications.
Coding for maximum likelihood detection on a magnetic recording channel (1990)

In the construction of modulation codes, a natural selection process occurs which chooses from a set of sequences which satisfy an underlying system constraint to produce a practical code. A method of selection which increases detectability on a magnetic recording channel using maximum likelihood sequence estimation is analyzed. It is shown that significant coding gains are achievable through the judicious selection of code sequences. In other cases, despite moderate costs in terms of decreased code rate, system reliability is improved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Sapphire Based Fiber Optic Dynamic Pressure Sensor for Harsh Environments: Fabrication and Characterization (2011)

This paper describes the modeling, fabrication, and characterization of a proof-ofconcept dynamic pressure sensor utilizing sapphire materials for the harsh environments of gas turbine engines. The harsh environment makes conventional instrumentation unsuitable for time-resolved, continuous, direct measurements. High temperature sensing is enabled by the use of sapphire materials due to a high melting point and corrosion resistance. The availability of commercial sapphire substrates and optical fibers provides a direct path for optical sapphire sensors with a matched coefficient of thermal expansion. The dynamic pressure sensor uses a fiber optic lever transduction mechanism with a remote photodiode optical readout allowing for isolation of the electronics from the harsh environment. A circular diaphragm is formed by joining two sapphire substrates using an alumina-based high temperature epoxy. The first substrate is 50 μm thick sapphire with a sputtered titanium/platinum reflective surface. The second substrate is a 1 mm thick sapphire substrate that has been machined to form a circular back cavity. Presented along with the sensor fabrication are a systems level dynamic model and a dc exploration of the performance of the fiber optic lever transduction. Finally, initial dynamic characterization of the frequency response function and linearity are presented with a resulting sensitivity of -113 dB re 1 V/Pa.
Characterization of phosphosilicate thin films using confocal Raman microscopy (2000)

We have demonstrated a characterization tool based on confocal Raman microscopy capable of studying the vibrational spectrum of silica-on-silicon-based thin films within a confined, ∼1 μm3-size volume beneath the sample surface. The Raman spectra of a set of phosphosilicate thin film samples have been quantitatively analyzed and correlated with both phosphorus concentration CP and refractive index n, as determined by conventional methods. The normalized intensity of the P=O vibration scaled linearly with CP and n, and allowed for the calibration of the Raman measurements to a precision of ∼0.2 wt. %P and ∼10−4 in index. The capability of this technique for studying index and dopant profiles in arbitrary systems is also discussed.
The activation of pro-urokinase by plasma kallikrein and its inactivation by thrombin. (1986)

Plasma kallikrein was found to be a good activator of pro-urokinase, the inactive zymogen form of urokinase. The complete activation of pro-urokinase by plasma kallikrein was obtained in 2 h with an enzyme/substrate weight ratio of 1/30. The rate of activation of pro-urokinase by plasma kallikrein was comparable to that catalyzed by plasmin and trypsin. The rate of activation of pro-urokinase by factor XIIa was approximately one-seventh of that by plasma kallikrein. The activation of the zymogen was due to the cleavage of a single internal peptide bond, resulting in the conversion of a single chain pro-urokinase (Mr = 55,000) into two-chain urokinase (Mr = 33,000 and 22,000), and these two chains were linked by a disulfide bond(s). These results indicate an important role of plasma kallikrein for the activation of pro-urokinase in the factor XII-dependent intrinsic pathway of fibrinolysis. Thrombin also converted pro-urokinase to a two-chain form that was not activatable by plasmin, plasma kallikrein, and factor XIIa. Thrombin specifically cleaved the Arg 156-Phe 157 bond which is located 2 residues prior to the activation site of Lys 158-Ile 159.
Using Soft Lithography to Pattern Highly Oriented Polyacetylene (HOPA) Films via Solventless Polymerization (2004)

A new application of the combination of soft lithography and solventless polymerization is described (see Figure)—the patterning of ultra-hard microstructures in selected areas using highly oriented polyacetylene (HOPA) films as a precursor. It is expected that this simple, low-cost, and mild process will lead to the formation of highly oriented films of other materials, e.g., electro-optically active polymers.
Experimental Evaluation of a Trailing-Arm Suspension for Heavy Trucks (2001)

This study includes an experimental evaluation of a prototype trailing-arm suspension for heavy trucks. The primary goal of this new suspension is to match or improve the kinematics and dynamic performance of an existing "Z-bar" suspension. Significant reductions in cost, weight, and number of parts are the main reasons for this redesign. A permanent facility is constructed to support the testing of different heavy truck suspensions. For actuation of the vehicle suspension, hydraulic actuators are used in the kinematics tests in a quasi-dynamic manner. For the dynamic tests, the vehicle is excited using two hydrodynamic actuators. A collection of forces, displacements, velocities, and accelerations are measured during the tests using transducers that were installed on the suspension and test vehicle. The test measurements are analyzed in both time and frequency domains and then the results of the two suspensions were compared to establish the dynamic merits of the prototype suspension. The kinematics tests include vertical stiffness, roll stiffness, and roll steer measurements for each suspension. The results from the kinematics tests show that the trailing-arm suspension exhibits kinematics traits that are quite similar to the "Z-bar" suspension, within the context of the tests conducted in the study. The dynamic testing consists of three input signals commonly used for such tests, namely: a chirp signal input, a step signal input, and a range of pure tone inputs. The test results show that the resonant frequencies of the two primary suspensions differ by an amount that is most likely too small to affect ride dynamics. The two suspensions, however, exhibit significantly different damping characteristics. The new suspension has much less frictional damping than the existing suspension. This is expected to provide better ride characteristics, assuming that the primary dampers (shock absorbers) are properly tuned for the vehicle that the new suspension was designed for.
Loss of myocardial protection after preconditioning correlates with the time course of glycogen recovery within the preconditioned segment. (1993)

Glycogen depletion and the attenuation of intracellular acidosis during ischemia appear to be important factors in delaying irreversible injury and reducing infarct size in this animal model of myocardial preconditioning.
Genetic Map Functions (2005)

Abstract A genetic map function gives a relation r = M ( d ) connecting recombination fractions r and genetic map distances d between pairs of loci along a chromosome. They have been widely used in genetics because (a) genetic map distances are additive, whereas recombination fractions are not; and (b) recombination fractions are much easier to estimate from data. In effect, map functions correct for multiple exchanges in chromosomal intervals during meiosis. The most well‐known map function is that due to Haldane, r = 0.5(1 − exp(−2 d )), which arises in the Poisson or no‐ interference model for recombination. Another is associated with the name Kosambi. In general, map functions should be regarded as organism specific, as they embody certain assumptions about recombination, in particular, the nature and extent of genetical interference. However, map functions only consider pairs of loci, and do not necessarily correspond to global models of recombination. While genetical interference has some consequences for map functions, it is not well captured by the associated map function. When multilocus mapping is carried out with a full probability model for recombination, map functions are not needed.
Intercistronic as well as terminal sequences are required for efficient amplification of brome mosaic virus RNA3 (1987)

The genome of brome mosaic virus (BMV) is divided among messenger polarity RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3 (3.2, 2.9, and 2.1 kilobases, respectively). cis-Acting sequences required for BMV RNA amplification were investigated with RNA3. By using expressible cDNA clones, deletions were constructed throughout RNA3 and tested in barley protoplasts coinoculated with RNA1 and RNA2. In contrast to requirements for 5'- and 3'-terminal noncoding sequences, either of the two RNA3 coding regions can be deleted individually and both can be simultaneously inactivated by N-terminal frameshift mutations without significantly interfering with amplification of RNA3 or production of its subgenomic mRNA. However, simultaneous major deletions in both coding regions greatly attenuate RNA3 accumulation. RNA3 levels can be largely restored by insertion of a heterologous, nonviral sequence in such mutants, suggesting that RNA3 requires physical separation of its terminal domains or a minimum overall size for normal replication or stability. Unexpectedly, deletions in a 150-base segment of the intercistronic noncoding region drastically reduce RNA3 accumulation. This segment contains a sequence element homologous to sequences found near the 5' ends of BMV RNA1 and RNA2 and in analogous positions in the three genomic RNAs of the related cucumber mosaic virus, suggesting a possible role in plus-strand synthesis.
Optimizing rod window width in positron emission tomography (2003)

A technique that determines optimal rod window width for rotating rod transmission studies in positron emission tomography (PET) is discussed. Rod windowing reduces noise in rotating rod transmission studies. Lines-of-response (LOR) which intersect the rods generate primarily true coincidence events. LORs which pass far from the rods generate random and scatter events. Since the angular position of the rotating rods is known in real-time, LORs, which produce mostly noise are gated off.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A spectrum of TCP-friendly window-based congestion control algorithms (2003)

The increasing diversity of Internet application requirements has spurred recent interest in transport protocols with flexible transmission controls. In window-based congestion control schemes, increase rules determine how to probe available bandwidth, whereas decrease rules determine how to back off when losses due to congestion are detected. The control rules are parameterized so as to ensure that the resulting protocol is TCP-friendly in terms of the relationship between throughput and loss rate. This paper presents a comprehensive study of a new spectrum of window-based congestion controls, which are TCP-friendly as well as TCP-compatible under RED. Our controls utilize history information in their control rules, and by doing so, they improve the transient behavior. We demonstrate analytically, and through extensive ns simulations, the steady-state and transient behavior of several instances of this new spectrum.
Preparation and thermal ring-closure of β-aryl vinyl carbodi-imides: synthesis of isoquinoline derivatives (1990)

Reaction of the iminophosphoranes (7)–(9), derived from α-azidocinnamates and tri-phenylphosphine, with aromatic isocyanates gives either 1-arylaminoisoquinoline-3-carboxylates (10)–(12) or the corresponding carbodi-imides (14)–(18) which by thermal treatment at 230 °C are converted into 1-(N-aryl-N-imidazolylamino)isoquinoline-3-carboxylates (19)–(20). The iminophosphoranes (7) and (8) also react with aroyl chlorides to give the oxazolone derivatives (23)–(26).
Monte Carlo study on pulse response of underwater optical channel (2012)

Pulse response of the underwater wireless optical channel is significant for the analysis of channel capacity and error probability. Traditional vector radiative transfer theory (VRT) is not able to deal with the effect of receiving aperture. On the other hand, general water tank experiments cannot acquire an accurate pulse response due to the limited time resolution of the photo-electronic detector. We present a Monte Carlo simulation model to extract the time-domain pulse response undersea. In comparison with the VRT model, a more accurate pulse response for practical ocean communications could be achieved through statistical analysis of the received photons. The proposed model is more reasonable for the study of the underwater optical channel.
<title>Tapered Light Guide Condenser: A Design Approach</title> (1979)

Light guide condensers with dimensions on the order of centimeters and numerical apertures of about 0.7 have been optimized with the aid of a computer to provide a uniform illuminance and emittance distribution within 6% and a controlled polar luminance distribution across the object plane.
Heat-Sterllized Pd Fluid Blocks Leukocyte Adhesion and Increases Flow Velocity in Rat Peritoneal Venules (1996)

Data from cell culture experiments indicate that heat sterilization of peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids produces cytotoxic glucose degradation products. The present vital microscopic study investigated the effects of different sterilization methods on the biocompatibility of PD fluids. Thus, heat-sterilized (commercially obtained and experimentally produced) and filter-sterilized PD fluids (pH = 5.30-5.40; 1.5% glucose) were compared with Tyrode buffer, with respect to the effects on microvascular blood flow velocity and leukocyte adhesion in the rat mesentery. Exteriorization of the mesentery produced a mild inflammation, known from the literature and characterized by the adhesive rolling of leukocytes along venular walls. Superfusion of the mesentery with filter-sterilized PD fluid had no significant effects on leukocyte rolling or flow velocity in venules 25-40 microns in diameter compared with buffer superfusion. Heat-sterilized PD fluid decreased the concentration of rolling leukocytes and increased flow velocity significantly, as compared with buffer and filter-sterilized PD fluid. The results indicate that heat sterilization of PD fluids produces substances that interact with microvascular tone and leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, which hypothetically could impair the acute, granulocyte-mediated defense against bacterial infections.
Murine Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive with a Variety of Androgen Independent Dunning Rat Prostate Adenocarcinoma Sublines also Reactive with Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma (1991)

Murine hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody (MCA) to Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma R-3327HIS (androgen independent type) has been produced by fusing P3x63 Ag8-653 myeloma cells with splenocytes of BALB/c mice which were immunized with R-3327HIS tumor cell membranes. One monoclonal antibody designated MCA-R1 (IgG2a subtype) produced an intense immunostaining of various androgen independent Dunning rat prostate tumor sublines (HIS, HIM, HIF, AT-1, AT-2, AT-3, MAT-Lu and MAY-Ly-Lu), but did not stain other tumors of rat origin or normal rat tissues. Marginal immunostaining was detected in the androgen responsive R-3327H and R-3327G tumor subline. Although MCA-R1 antibody did not react with the regressed prostate tumor of R-3327H or R-3327G, it strongly reacted with the relapsed prostate tumor from either R-3327H or R-3327G tumor derived from rats were treated with diethyl stilbestrol (DES) or castration. MCA-R1 antibody also produced a strong cross-reaction with human prostate adenocarcinoma. Like the Dunning rat tumor, human adenocarcinoma exhibited distinct immunostaining patterns with respect to intracellular localization among well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated tumor. Benign prostatic hyperplasia or other normal tissues did not stain. Immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and radioautographic analysis revealed that the Dunning rat prostate tumor antigen recognized (m.wt. 50 and 120 Kd) by MCA-R1 antibody are localized on both cell surface and in the cytoplasm. This MCA may represent a potential reagent for the study of tumor biology and immunotherapy of prostate tumor.
A novel spread slotted Aloha system with channel load sensing protocol (1994)

This paper presents a novel spread slotted Aloha system with channel load sensing protocol (CLSP). CLSP is an effective scheme to improve the throughput performance in spread unslotted Aloha systems. In spread slotted Aloha systems, however, it does not make sense to utilize CLSP because the slot size is usually the same as the packet size. The slot size of the proposed system is set less than the packet size, thereby enabling the authors to apply CLSP and improving the throughput performance. Another feature of the proposed system is that the system is not likely affected by the time difference between channel load sensing and timing of packet access, which they call the access timing delay. Throughput performance of the proposed system is evaluated in the presence of the access timing delay and a significant increase of the throughput is shown compared with that of spread unslotted Aloha with CLSP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Probiotic bacteria as potential detoxification tools: assessing their heavy metal binding isotherms (2006)

Dietary exposure to heavy metals may have detrimental effects on human and animal health, even at low concentrations. Specific probiotic bacteria may have properties that enable them to bind toxins from food and water. We assessed the interaction of probiotic bacteria with cadmium and lead in vitro as an initial screening step to identify strains for heavy metal decontamination in food and intestinal models. Binding isotherms for cadmium and lead were characterized for Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC-705, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii JS and a mix of them used by the food industry. Differences among the strains and their combinations in binding performance at a range of concentrations between 0.1 and 100 mg.L-1 were evaluated with the Langmuir model for biosorption. The effects of pH, contact time, and viability on the binding capacities were also investigated. All strains and their combinations were found to bind cadmium and lead efficiently at low concentration ranges commonly observed in foods. However, the two strains and their combinations differed significantly in their maximum binding capacities and affinities represented by the Langmuir constants Qmax and b, respectively. The binding seemed to occur instantaneously and in a pH-dependent manner, which can be perfectly described by a segmented linear-plateau model.
A study of the binding of vancomycin to dipeptides using capillary electrophoresis (1992)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been used as a rapid technique for the determination of the absolute binding constants of dipeptides with vancomycin in solution; the values obtained for the mucopeptide mimic N-acetyl-D-Ala-D-ala and related dipeptides are in good agreement with values reported in the literature using either differential UV spectrometry or NMR.
The antenna-coupled SIS quasiparticle array mixer (1981)

We report SIS mixing with Pb(In) junction arrays at 73.5 GHz. The array geometry and antenna coupling can be scaled to 300 GHz with existing technology. The measured SSB conversion loss is as good as 2.0±0.9 dB. This is marginally the best conversion result for a resistive mixer without image rejection yet published and agrees well with the quantum theory of mixing. We examine Josephson effect noise and thereby give a rough upper frequency limit for single-junction SIS mixers.
Using program transformations to derive line-drawing algorithms (1982)

A wide variety of line-drawing algorithms can be derived by applying program transformations to a simple, obviously correct algorithm. The transformations increase the speed of the algorithm and eliminate the need for floating-point computations. We show how Bresenham's algorithm can be derived in this way. The transformations are then used to derive several variants of Bresenham's algorithm, designed for use on displays that can generate more than one pixel at a time. The treatment shows a complete, extended example of the practical use of program transformations.