gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Development of the monitoring system for slope deformations with fiber Bragg grating arrays</title> (2002)

The monitoring of slope deformations is often required for management of construction or for disaster prevention. Although various kinds of electrical monitoring systems have been developed, they still have problems on shielding electric noises, waterproofing and so on. An optical monitoring system is expected to solve those problems because it is basically unaffected by electric noises and waterproofed by itself. Borehole inclinometer is one of the typical transducers for slope deformation monitoring. By electrical ones, it is hard to take continuous data of many points in a small diameter borehole. To improve these weak points, we developed the monitoring system with borehole inclinometers using Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) as a strain sensor. The transducer consists of series of unit-bars connected each other with elastic joints. FBGs were embedded on the elastic joints, and bending angles of each joint were measured by FBGs. The transducer was set in a borehole, and underground deformations were measured as bend of each joint at a remote monitoring center. We had applied this monitoring system for artificial slope under construction for 4 months. The data obtained by the system indicate the deformation according to a progress of land banking.
Copper(II)-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes in Ionic Liquid [bmpy]PF<sub>6</sub> (2005)

A room-temperature aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes catalyzed by the three-component system acetamido-TEMPO/Cu(ClO(4))(2)/DMAP in the ionic liquid [bmpy]PF(6) has been developed, and the catalysts can be recycled and reused for five runs without any significant loss of catalytic activity. [reaction: see text]
Comparing Two Measures for Formality. (2013)

Formality is an important dimension of language style. Texts of different genres tend to have different degrees of formality. F-score (formality-score) is a most popular measure for formality to differ genres. It uses a method of combining proportions of words of different types, with nouns, adjectives, articles and prepositions as positive elements, and adverbs, verbs and interjections as negative elements. This measure is limited to the word level; however, indicators of genre are not restricted to the word level. This paper proposes a new composite component score of formality, “CF-score”, which consists of a combination of five Coh-Metrix component scores: narrativity, referential cohesion and deep cohesion, syntactic simplicity, word concreteness. F-score and CF-score are compared with TASA corpus in diverse text genres. Results of General Linear Model showed CF-score formality measure was more powerful and more rational with text genres than F-score.
Importance of damping and resonance in thin-film integrated decoupling capacitor design (2002)

This paper discusses the design of integrated decoupling capacitors required to suppress delta-I noise in high performance digital packages. The use of damping to reduce the effect of resonance in capacitors is discussed using lossy, gridded structures.
Materialized view selection using genetic algorithms in a data warehouse system (2003)

A data warehouse stores lots of materialized views to provide efficient decision-support or OLAP queries. The view-selection problem addresses the selection of a fittest set of materialized views under the limitation of storage space forms a challenge in data warehouse research. In this paper, we present genetic algorithms to choose materialized views. We also use experiments to demonstrate the power of our approach.
Ion bombardment of thin layers: The effect on the interface roughness and its x-ray reflectivity (invited) (1992)

In this paper we report on experiments which indicate the necessity of the use of ion-beam bombardment for e-beam deposited multilayer x-ray coatings. Measurements are described in which ion bombardment (200–300 eV Ar+) is used to ion etch metal layers after initial deposition and during deposition (ion-assisted deposition). In both cases a considerable smoothing of the metal surface occurs, resulting in enhanced x-ray reflectivities of metal-carbon multilayer coatings. As examples we show reflection measurements of Ni-C and W-C with nine and ten layer pairs, respectively, and d≊2.8 nm. Finally we discuss a special case: ion etching of Mo layers in Mo-Si coatings. On the one hand, we demonstrate the occurrence of smoothing of Mo, thereby enhancing the reflectivity of the layer and, on the other hand, the occurrence of ion bombardment induced intermixing at the Mo-Si interface, responsible for a decrease of the reflectivity.
IL‐17‐producing CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cells contribute to the loss of B‐cell tolerance in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (2015)

The role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of autoantibody-mediated diseases is unclear. Here, we assessed the contribution of Th17 cells to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), which is induced by repetitive immunizations with Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (tAChR). We show that a significant fraction of tAChR-specific CD4(+) T cells is producing IL-17. IL-17(ko) mice developed fewer or no EAMG symptoms, although the frequencies of tAChR-specific CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-2, IFN-γ, or IL-21, and the percentage of FoxP3(+) Treg cells were similar to WT mice. Even though the total anti-tAChR antibody levels were equal, the complement fixating IgG2b subtype was reduced in IL-17(ko) as compared to WT mice. Most importantly, pathogenic anti-murine AChR antibodies were significantly lower in IL-17(ko) mice. Furthermore, we confirmed the role of Th17 cells in EAMG pathogenesis by the reconstitution of TCR β/δ(ko) mice with WT or IL-17(ko) CD4(+) T cells. In conclusion, we show that the level of IgG2b and the loss of B-cell tolerance, which results in pathogenic anti-murine AChR-specific antibodies, are dependent on IL-17 production by CD4(+) T cells. Thus, we describe here for the first time how Th17 cells are involved in the induction of classical antibody-mediated autoimmunity.
A Practical Method for the Aseptic Preparation of Human Platelet Concentrates without Loss of Other Blood Elements (1956)

AS a further modification1 of the method described by Gardner, Howell and Hirsch,2 a closed plastic system (Fig. 1) has been designed for the primary purpose of concentrating human platelets. At the same time the separation of other blood elements and the aseptic removal of aliquots of whole blood or blood components are facilitated. This system eliminates the risk of contamination and mismatching of red cells and plasma.The donor's vein is entered by means of a needle coated with a hemo-repellent agent.* After the steel ball is released, the blood enters the first bag, where it is mixed with . . .
Defect-Induced Oxidation of Graphite (1999)

Atomic vacancies with controlled depth and size are generated on a graphite surface by low-energy ion bombardment. The reactivity of vacancies towards an oxygen molecule is investigated by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory. An oxygen molecule (i) exothermally dissociates and then chemisorbs at the top sites and/or the bridge sites of a vacancy, or (ii) forms a precursor state of molecular oxygen at a bridge site. Reaction pathways for oxidative etching are proposed to interpret serpentine and circular etching patterns observed by STM.
People & Events (2012)

Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) member Lillie Shockney, RN, BS, MAS, CBCN®, CBPN-C, administrative director of the Johns Hopkins Avon Foundation Breast Center in Baltimore, MD, was selected as an Amazing Nurse in a national contest to celebrate and reward nurses' value, sponsored by the Johnson and Johnson Campaign for Nursing's Future.
Mitrecin <scp>A</scp> , an endolysin‐like bacteriolytic enzyme from a newly isolated soil streptomycete (2014)

The gene of a new protein antimicrobial, Mitrecin A, was discovered in the genome of a soil bacterium. The purified recombinant enzyme, resulting from heterologous over expression of the gene, was found to be tolerant of increased pH conditions and to have bacteriolytic activity against Gram-negative bacteria of the medically important genera Aeromonas, Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio and Yersinia. Characterization of enzymes such as Mitrecin A from previously uncharacterized bacteria provides potential options for new biocontrol agents in medically and economically important applications like therapeutics, disinfectants, food preservatives, agricultural livestock antimicrobials, and inhibitors of biofilm production.
Participation of spectrin in Sendai virus-induced fusion of human erythrocyte ghosts. (1978)

Fusion of washed human erythrocyte ghosts could be induced by the addition of Sendai virus after they were loaded with bovine serum albumin and resealed. Antispectrin antibody purified on a spectrin-Sepharose column and sequestered in the ghosts at 4-5 mg/ml together with the albumin was highly inhibitory for the virus-induced cell fusion, whereas Fab fragments prepared from the same antibody were without effect. The virus-induced aggregation of intramembrane particles of human erythrocytes was also inhibited by the same concentrations of the antispectrin antibody. The virus-induced agglutinations of the ghosts and release of bovine serum albumin from the ghosts (which might be caused by fusion of the viral envelope to the erythrocyte membrane) were not inhibited by the sequestered antibody. Therefore, the antibody seems to inhibit fusion at the last step--i.e., fusion between adjacent erythrocyte membranes. Similarities and differences of the mode of participation of spectrin in the virus-induced fusion and in other membrane-linked phenomena of human erythrocytes are discussed.
Stochastic Approximation Methods (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: A Stochastic Gradient Algorithm Deterministic Stepsize Recipes Stochastic Stepsizes Computing Bias and Variance Optimal Stepsizes Some Experimental Comparisons of Stepsize Formulas Convergence Why Does it Work? Bibliographic Notes Problems
Ignorance Management-An Appendage to Knowledge Management (2014)

Knowledge management has been the buzz word of the day and the road map to knowledge fills the gaps in knowledge that is ignorance. Ignorance can be called as the mother of curiosity, which gives an immense drive towards learning. This conceptual paper focuses on the definition, meaning and nature of ignorance and ignorance management, knowledge management, the nature of knowledge and its problems. The taxonomy and types of ignorance are also mentioned in the paper. It gives a briefing on the need for a balanced view on ignorance. Whatever is the field of study or area of operation, managing ignorance is one of the thrust areas to be cared of. The principles of managing ignorance are mentioned briefly in this paper. The researcher has also added some suggestions about the management of ignorance.
Computer Arithmetic Algorithms (2018)

This text explains the fundamental principles of algorithms available for performing arithmetic operations on digital computers. These include basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in fixed-point and floating-point number systems as well as more complex operations such as square root extraction and evaluation of exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions. The algorithms described are independent of the particular technology employed for their implementation.
Poor inhalation technique, even after inhalation instructions, in children with asthma (2000)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of instructions to children with asthma (given by general practitioners or by pharmacy assistants) on how to inhale from metered dose inhalers with spacers (MDI/s) or dry powder inhalers (DPI). We scored inhalation technique of asthmatic children according to criteria defined by the Netherlands Asthma Foundation, and related the performance to the inhalation instructions given. For each inhaler, a number of steps were considered essential for reliable drug delivery. Patients newly referred for asthma were asked to demonstrate their inhalation technique and to fill out a questionnaire on the inhalation instruction received prior to referral. Children participating in a clinical trial, who had received repeated comprehensive inhalation instructions, served as a control group. Sixty-six newly referred patients (1-14 years of age, median age 5 years; 37 boys) and 29 control patients (5-10 years of age, median age 7 years; 21 boys) completed the study. Sixty patients (91%) had received inhalation instruction prior to referral. Only 29% of these patients, using a dry powder inhaler, performed all essential steps correctly, compared to 67% of children using a metered dose inhaler/spacer combination (P < 0.01). Children who had received comprehensive inhalation instructions with repeated checks of proper inhalation technique at the pharmacy or in the clinical trial setting were more likely to perform all essential steps correctly (79% and 93%, respectively) than children who had received a single instruction by a general practitioner (39%, P < 0.01). Many asthmatic children use their inhalers devices too poorly to result in reliable drug delivery, even after inhalation instruction. Comprehensive inhalation instruction and repeated check-ups are needed to assure reliable inhalation technique.
Novel Class of Benzoic Acid Ester Derivatives as Potent PDE4 Inhibitors for Inhaled Administration in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases (2014)

The first steps in the selection process of a new anti-inflammatory drug for the inhaled treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are herein described. A series of novel ester derivatives of 1-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl) ethanol have been synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity toward cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4). In particular, esters of variously substituted benzoic acids were extensively explored, and structural modification of the alcoholic and benzoic moieties were performed to maximize the inhibitory potency. Several compounds with high activity in cell-free and cell-based assays were obtained. Through the evaluation of opportune in vitro ADME properties, a potential candidate suitable for inhaled administration in respiratory diseases was identified and tested in an in vivo model of pulmonary inflammation, proving its efficacy.
Seasonally hibernating phenotype assessed through transcript screening (2005)

Hibernation is a seasonally entrained and profound phenotypic transition to conserve energy in winter. It involves significant biochemical reprogramming, although our understanding of the underpinning molecular events is fragmentary and selective. We have conducted a large-scale gene expression screen of the golden-mantled ground squirrel, Spermophilus lateralis, to identify transcriptional responses associated specifically with the summer-winter transition and the torpid-arousal transition in winter. We used 112 cDNA microarrays comprising 12,288 probes that cover at least 5,109 genes. In liver, the profiles of torpid and active states in the winter were almost identical, although we identified 102 cDNAs that were differentially expressed between winter and summer, 90% of which were downregulated in the winter states. By contrast, in cardiac tissue, 59 and 115 cDNAs were elevated in interbout arousal and torpor, respectively, relative to the summer active condition, but only 7 were common to both winter states, and during arousal none was downregulated. In brain, 78 cDNAs were found to change in winter, 44 of which were upregulated. Thus transcriptional changes associated with hibernation are qualitatively modest and, since these changes are generally less than twofold, also quantitatively modest. Unbiased Gene Ontology profiling of the transcripts suggests a winter switch to beta-oxidation of lipids in liver and heart, a reduction in metabolism of toxic compounds and the urea cycle in liver, and downregulated electron transport in the brain. We identified just one strongly winter-induced transcript common to all tissues, namely an RNA-binding protein, RBM3. This analysis clearly differentiates responses of the principal tissues, identifies a large number of new genes undergoing regulation, and broadens our understanding of affected cellular processes that, in part, account for the winter-adaptive hibernating phenotype.
Growth of Bulk GaN Single Crystals Using Li-Na Mixed Flux System (2003)

We found the yield of GaN grown in a Li-Na flux system to be much higher than that grown in Na flux. Nitrogen dissolution seemed to increase with Li in solution, which promotes the growth of GaN crystals. In this paper, we report that the yield of GaN and habit modifications greatly depend on the composition of the Li-Na flux system and that GaN can be grown in a pure Li flux at about 50 atm.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency in Man (1974)

Essential fatty acid deficiency was found on four occasions in three adult patients with malabsorption after intestinal resection. Diagnosis was primarily based on the gas chromatographic finding of the abnormal fatty acid 5, 8, 11- (omega9) eicosatrienoic acid in plasma lecithin. None of the patients had received parenteral nutrition with a fat-free source of calories but all had been on a reduced intake of dietary fat at some stage. Treatment with intravenous Intralipid rapidly reversed the abnormal plasma fatty acid pattern and also cleared the rash in the patient wih he most severe deficiency.
Low Similar Splice Loss of Aeff-Enlarged Pure-Silica-Core Fiber (2013)

Low similar splice loss between pure-silica-core fibers with enlarged effective area of 110 μm2 are demonstrated. The fiber is suitable for terrestrial long-haul transmission owing to its low attenuation, splice loss and macro-bending loss.
Circular DNA elements of chromosomal origin are common in healthy human somatic tissue (2018)

The human genome is generally organized into stable chromosomes, and only tumor cells are known to accumulate kilobase (kb)-sized extrachromosomal circular DNA elements (eccDNAs). However, it must be expected that kb eccDNAs exist in normal cells as a result of mutations. Here, we purify and sequence eccDNAs from muscle and blood samples from 16 healthy men, detecting ~100,000 unique eccDNA types from 16 million nuclei. Half of these structures carry genes or gene fragments and the majority are smaller than 25 kb. Transcription from eccDNAs suggests that eccDNAs reside in nuclei and recurrence of certain eccDNAs in several individuals implies DNA circularization hotspots. Gene-rich chromosomes contribute to more eccDNAs per megabase and the most transcribed protein-coding gene in muscle, TTN (titin), provides the most eccDNAs per gene. Thus, somatic genomes are rich in chromosome-derived eccDNAs that may influence phenotypes through altered gene copy numbers and transcription of full-length or truncated genes.
Norovirus Infection as a Cause of Diarrhea‐Associated Benign Infantile Seizures (2009)

Children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chang Gung Children's Hospital from August 2004 through January 2007 were enrolled in the study. Rotavirus and norovirus were detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with fecal specimens and were genotyped by sequence analysis. The symptoms and complications, in particular convulsions, of acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus and norovirus were reviewed and compared. The occurrence of convulsions associated with norovirus infection was specifically analyzed and discussed. The neurological outcomes for all norovirus-infected patients with or without convulsions were followed up for 1 year. Results. Among the 353 patients with acute viral gastroenteritis without coinfection, rotavirus and norovirus isolates were detected in 101 patients (28.6%) and 64 patients (18.1%), respectively. We compared the symptoms between the 2 groups and found that rotavirus caused a higher frequency and longer duration of vomiting and a higher body temperature than did norovirus. Norovirus infection, on the other hand, caused significantly longer hospital stays (mean duration of stay [interquartile range], 6 [5-8] days vs. 5 [4-7] days; P <.001) and a significantly higher incidence of convulsions than did rotavirus infection (29.7% vs. 5%; P <.001). Three of the 19 patients with convulsions showed an abnormal record on electroencephalogram, but none had any neurological sequelae at the subsequent 1-year follow-up. The majority of norovirus strains (41 of the 56 genotypeable strains) belonged to genogroup GGII/4. Conclusions. Norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. This study identified norovirus as an emerging agent causing convulsive disorder in children, particularly in young infants. Long-term neurological sequelae are uncommon.
Early and advanced glycosylation end products. Kinetics of formation and clearance in peritoneal dialysis. (1996)

The chronic contact of glucose-containing dialysate and proteins results in the deposition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on peritoneal tissues in patients treated by peritoneal dialysis (PD), yet plasma levels of the AGE pentosidine are significantly lower in PD than in hemodialysis (HD). We measured glycation of peritoneal proteins in patients on PD over the time course of intraperitoneal equilibration of fresh peritoneal dialysate. The glycated content of peritoneal proteins (furosine method) was initially identical to plasma but increased 200% within 4 h due to in situ glycation as also demonstrated in vitro. In contrast, peritoneal proteins contained a 2-4 x greater content of the AGE pentosidine at all equilibrium time points. Plasma protein furosine content was identical in patients on PD and on HD. Fractionation by gel filtration of serum from patients on PD and HD revealed that > 95% of the pentosidine was linked to proteins > 10,000 mol wt; < 1% to proteins < 10,000 mol wt; and < 1%, free. Neither HD nor PD affected protein-bound pentosidine. The HD treatment decreased free and < 10,000 mol wt bound pentosidine. However clearance of protein-associated pentosidine by the peritoneal membrane may explain lower steady state levels in patients treated by PD.