gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced dosage of a single fission yeast MCM protein causes genetic instability and S phase delay (1999)

MCM proteins are a conserved family of eukaryotic replication factors implicated in the initiation of DNA replication and in the discrimination between replicated and unreplicated chromatin. However, most mcm mutants in yeast arrest the cell cycle after bulk DNA synthesis has occurred. We investigated the basis for this late S phase arrest by analyzing the effects of a temperature-sensitive mutation in fission yeast cdc19(+ )(mcm2(+)). cdc19-P1 cells show a dramatic loss of viability at the restrictive temperature, which is not typical of all S phase mutants. The cdc19-P1 cell cycle arrest requires an intact damage-response checkpoint and is accompanied by increased rates of chromosome loss and mitotic recombination. Chromosomes from cdc19-P1 cells migrate aberrantly in pulsed-field gels, typical of strains arrested with unresolved replication intermediates. The cdc19-P1 mutation reduces the level of the Cdc19 protein at all temperatures. We compared the effects of disruptions of cdc19(+ )(mcm2(+)), cdc21(+ )(mcm4(+)), nda4(+ )(mcm5(+)) and mis5(+ )(mcm6(+)); in all cases, the null mutants underwent delayed S phase but were unable to proceed through the cell cycle. Examination of protein levels suggests that this delayed S phase reflects limiting, but not absent, MCM proteins. Thus, reduced dosage of MCM proteins allows replication initiation, but is insufficient for completion of S phase and cell cycle progression.
The Expert Consensus Guidelines for treating depression in bipolar disorder. (1998)

We present expert consensus guideline recommendations for the treatment of bipolar depression. These were arrived at through the statistical aggregation of the survey responses of 61 leading clinical researchers to eight questions about the key decision points in the management of bipolar depression. The experts' first-line recommendation for treating psychotic depression in bipolar disorder is to provide a combination of mood stabilizer, antidepressant, and neuroleptic medication. For severe, but nonpsychotic bipolar depression, the experts recommend the combination of a mood stabilizer and an antidepressant. For milder bipolar depression, a mood stabilizer and an antidepressant together or a mood stabilizer alone would be first line. The experts' antidepressant dose and dosing schedule recommendations are equivalent for unipolar and bipolar depression, but the experts recommend a faster discontinuation of antidepressants during the maintenance phase in bipolar patients--probably to reduce the risk of rapid cycling. Among the antidepressants, the experts prefer bupropion and the serotonin reuptake inhibitors as first line. They also believe that bupropion is least likely among antidepressants to cause switches to mania. Among mood stabilizers, the experts rate lithium as most likely to have a direct antidepressant effect.
Changes in catecholamine level in hypotensive patients subjected to dialysis. (1989)

An increase in the long-term survival ratio of patients with chronic renal failure has led to an increase in constant hypotensive accidents and cases of hypotension attacks during hemodialysis in spite of no prior abnormal physical findings, leading to difficulty in maintaining further dialysis. Many investigators have examined the plasma noradrenalin (NA) levels in dialysis patients, but the relationship between blood pressure and the plasma catecholamine concentration remains unknown. In our time-course plasma catecholamine level measurements, no significant difference was observed between the pre- and post-hemodialysis period, but a comparison of the plasma catecholamine levels for respective time periods revealed that a decrease in plasma NA levels corresponded to a decrease in blood pressure 3 to 4 hours after the beginning of hemodialysis. Administration of amezinium, which was thought to increase the plasma NA level, succeeded in maintaining and facilitated maintenance of a favorable blood pressure. The plasma NA concentration was considered to be related to a reduction of blood pressure during hemodialysis.
Rapid Changes in Tree Leaf Chemistry Induced by Damage: Evidence for Communication Between Plants (1983)

Potted poplar ramets showed increased concentrations and rates of synthesis of phenolic compounds within 52 hours of having 7 percent of their leaf area removed by tearing, as did undamaged plants sharing the same enclosure. Damaged sugar maple seedlings responded in a manner similar to that of the damaged poplars. Nearby undamaged maples had increased levels of phenolics and hydrolyzable and condensed tannin within 36 hours, but exhibited no change in rates of synthesis. An airborne cue originating in damaged tissues may stimulate biochemical changes in neighboring plants that could influence the feeding and growth of phytophagous insects.
Prediction of lubricating film thickness in a ball-in-socket model with a soft lining representing human natural and artificial hip joints (2001)

Abstract A simple ball-in-socket model was adopted in this study to analyse the lubrication problem of both natural hip joints and their artificial replacements. A compliant layered bearing surface was considered to represent articular cartilage as found in the natural synovial joint and also in the artificial hip replacement where an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cup was employed. The cup was assumed to be stationary while the ball was assumed to rotate at a steady angular velocity and under a constant load. A successful numerical method developed in a previous study by the present authors was used to solve the Reynolds equation in spherical coordinates, simultaneously in conjunction with the corresponding elasticity equation based upon the constrained column model. Numerical solutions thus obtained enabled general formulae to be fitted for both the minimum film thickness and the central film thickness, based upon the prediction from the equivalent ball-on-plane model and the half-contact angle. These formulae were then applied to predict the lubricating film thickness in both natural hip joints and their artificial replacements.
Oxygen isotope composition of a section of lower oceanic crust, ODP Hole 735B (2006)

The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of vein minerals and δ 18 O values of 64 whole rocks from the deeper kilometer of the 1.5 km lower crustal section of ODP Hole 735B in the SW Indian Ocean were analyzed in order to investigate seawater penetration into and reaction with the lower oceanic crust. Vein amphiboles have δ D values of −35 to −65‰, indicating formation from seawater fluids and hydrothermal fluids containing a component of low‐ δ D magmatic fluid. Crystal‐plastic shear zones reacted with 18 O‐enriched fluids at high temperatures and have δ 18 O values of 6.0–7.0‰, indistinguishable from surrounding rocks. Reaction with seawater‐dominated fluids over a range of temperatures (∼350–700°C) led to local 18 O‐depleted rocks, but much of the section exhibits 18 O enrichment ( δ 18 O up to 7.6‰) as the result of static alteration of plagioclase over a range of temperatures (<250 to ∼600°C) and fluid compositions. Chloritic veins and associated alteration by 18 O‐enriched fluids occurred at temperatures of 150–250°C, and late carbonates and Fe‐oxyhydroxides formed from cold (∼10°) seawater associated with open fault‐related fractures. Bulk rock δ 18 O values of the lower 1 km range from 3.7 to 10.2‰ but are mostly 5.6–7.6‰, and the section has a mean bulk δ 18 O of 6.5 ± 1.0‰. In contrast, rocks from the shallower 500 m exhibit net 18 O depletion (5.1 ± 1.0‰) reflecting high‐temperature deformation and seawater hydrothermal alteration (Stakes, 1991). The weighted average δ 18 O for the entire gabbro section of Hole 735B is 6.0‰, exhibiting little or no change compared to unaltered crust. Although tectonism at slow spreading rates may allow exposure of lower crust to greater amounts of low‐temperature alteration and 18 O enrichment, there is no evidence for a consistent difference in the bulk δ 18 O of the plutonic sections of oceanic crust formed at fast versus slow spreading rates.
Genome-Wide Analysis of mRNA Decay Rates and Their Determinants in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2007)

To gain a global view of mRNA decay in Arabidopsis thaliana, suspension cell cultures were treated with a transcriptional inhibitor, and microarrays were used to measure transcript abundance over time. The deduced mRNA half-lives varied widely, from minutes to >24 h. Three features of the transcript displayed a correlation with decay rates: (1) genes possessing at least one intron produce mRNA transcripts significantly more stable than those of intronless genes, and this was not related to overall length, sequence composition, or number of introns; (2) various sequence elements in the 3' untranslated region are enriched among short- and long-lived transcripts, and their multiple occurrence suggests combinatorial control of transcript decay; and (3) transcripts that are microRNA targets generally have short half-lives. The decay rate of transcripts correlated with subcellular localization and function of the encoded proteins. Analysis of transcript decay rates for genes encoding orthologous proteins between Arabidopsis, yeast, and humans indicated that yeast and humans had a higher percentage of transcripts with shorter half-lives and that the relative stability of transcripts from genes encoding proteins involved in cell cycle, transcription, translation, and energy metabolism is conserved. Comparison of decay rates with changes in transcript abundance under a variety of abiotic stresses reveal that a set of transcription factors are downregulated with similar kinetics to decay rates, suggesting that inhibition of their transcription is an important early response to abiotic stress.
Expression of carbonic anhydrase 9 at the invasion front of gastric cancers (2005)

A subgroup of gastric cancers retain Ca9 expression in cancer cells at the invasion front. While loss of Ca9 expression is regulated in part by methylation, re-expression of Ca9 is associated with increased invasion, supporting the hypothesis that increased Ca9 expression may contribute to invasion and thus advanced disease and tumour progression in a subset of gastric cancers.
Improving Protein Identification Using Complementary Fragmentation Techniques in Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Identification of proteins by MS/MS is performed by matching experimental mass spectra against calculated spectra of all possible peptides in a protein data base. The search engine assigns each spectrum a score indicating how well the experimental data complies with the expected one; a higher score means increased confidence in the identification. One problem is the false-positive identifications, which arise from incomplete data as well as from the presence of misleading ions in experimental mass spectra due to gas-phase reactions, stray ions, contaminants, and electronic noise. We employed a novel technique of reduction of false positives that is based on a combined use of orthogonal fragmentation techniques electron capture dissociation (ECD) and collisionally activated dissociation (CAD). Since ECD and CAD exhibit many complementary properties, their combined use greatly increased the analysis specificity, which was further strengthened by the high mass accuracy (approximately 1 ppm) afforded by Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The utility of this approach is demonstrated on a whole cell lysate from Escherichia coli. Analysis was made using the data-dependent acquisition mode. Extraction of complementary sequence information was performed prior to data base search using in-house written software. Only masses involved in complementary pairs in the MS/MS spectrum from the same or orthogonal fragmentation techniques were submitted to the data base search. ECD/CAD identified twice as many proteins at a fixed statistically significant confidence level with on average a 64% higher Mascot score. The confidence in protein identification was hereby increased by more than 1 order of magnitude. The combined ECD/CAD searches were on average 20% faster than CAD-only searches. A specially developed test with scrambled MS/MS data revealed that the amount of false-positive identifications was dramatically reduced by the combined use of CAD and ECD.
High Purity Epitaxial GaAs (1975)

Using the AsCl3-Ga-H2 vapor phase epitaxial system, high purity GaAs layers with liquid nitrogen mobilities in the range of 1.8 to 2.1×105 cm2/V.s and carrier concentrations in the range of 2.0 to 5.3×1013/cm3 are obtained with good reproducibility. Mobilities tend to decrease with decreasing layer thickness. AsCl3 mole flux versus the log of carrier concentration at 77K shows a linear relationship. Details of the growth apparatus and the growth procedures are presented.
Kinetic Modeling of Biological Systems (2009)

The dynamics of how the constituent components of a natural system interact defines the spatio-temporal response of the system to stimuli. Modeling the kinetics of the processes that represent a biophysical system has long been pursued with the aim of improving our understanding of the studied system. Due to the unique properties of biological systems, in addition to the usual difficulties faced in modeling the dynamics of physical or chemical systems, biological simulations encounter difficulties that result from intrinsic multi-scale and stochastic nature of the biological processes.This chapter discusses the implications for simulation of models involving interacting species with very low copy numbers, which often occur in biological systems and give rise to significant relative fluctuations. The conditions necessitating the use of stochastic kinetic simulation methods and the mathematical foundations of the stochastic simulation algorithms are presented. How the well-organized structural hierarchies often seen in biological systems can lead to multi-scale problems and the possible ways to address the encountered computational difficulties are discussed. We present the details of the existing kinetic simulation methods and discuss their strengths and shortcomings. A list of the publicly available kinetic simulation tools and our reflections for future prospects are also provided.
The Role of Renal Dysfunction in Abdominal Wound Dehiscence (1959)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1959The Role of Renal Dysfunction in Abdominal Wound Dehiscence Arthur A. Stein, and Jeffery Wiersum Arthur A. SteinArthur A. Stein More articles by this author , and Jeffery WiersumJeffery Wiersum More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)65876-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1959 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 82Issue 3September 1959Page: 271-273 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1959 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Arthur A. Stein More articles by this author Jeffery Wiersum More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
PRESSURE EFFECTS IN HPLC: INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE AND PRESSURE CHANGES ON PEAK SHAPE, BASE LINE, AND RETENTION VOLUME IN HPLC SEPARATIONS (2001)

High sensitivity of modern detectors enables monitoring and utilisation of very small chromatographic effects caused by pressure. Till now, these effects have been often overlooked. Taking the influence of pressure on the HPLC system into account, numerous unexplained chromatographic phenomenona may be elucidated. Moreover, some pressure effects may be exploited for HPLC column diagnostics, and pressure may even be employed to control retention behaviour of substances. Last but not least, ultrahigh pressure enables transporting eluent through long microparticulate column packings to reach extremely high efficiency of HPLC separations.
Fountain coding for efficient TPEG data reception on data carousel transmission (2009)

TPEG is a standard which specify the traffic and travel information. This paper applies a fountain coding mechanism to DSMCC that speed up TPEG XML reception time in transmission signal unstable regions. Sometimes the broadcaster encodes TPEG services as XML format and transmitting XML based TPEG services on unidirectional data carousel transportation such as DSMCC. But in receiver, packet loss occurred when moving vehicle travels around undulating terrain or other signal unstable regions. The receiver data carousel decoder must spend a long time waiting for the specific lost received until this data packet retransmit in the next cycle. This paper proposes fountain coding mechanism on data carousel to overcome the restriction of data carousel protocol in unidirectional broadcasting environment. The experiment shows good improvement of available data block reception time which enhances the service quality of ATIS (advanced traveler information systems).
Fundus imaging with a mobile phone: A review of techniques (2014)

Fundus imaging with a fundus camera is an essential part of ophthalmic practice. A mobile phone with its in-built camera and flash can be used to obtain fundus images of reasonable quality. The mobile phone can be used as an indirect ophthalmoscope when coupled with a condensing lens. It can be used as a direct ophthalmoscope after minimal modification, wherein the fundus can be viewed without an intervening lens in young patients with dilated pupils. Employing the ubiquitous mobile phone to obtain fundus images has the potential for mass screening, enables ophthalmologists without a fundus camera to document and share findings, is a tool for telemedicine and is rather inexpensive.
A 20-W Chireix Outphasing Transmitter for WCDMA Base Stations (2007)

A Chireix outphasing transmitter for Band I wideband code-division multiple-access base stations was implemented using a nonisolating power combiner and two high-efficiency saturated class-B power amplifiers for 20-W single-carrier power levels. Novel adaptive background calibration algorithms were developed and demonstrated for the mismatch calibration and phase predistortion of the two transmitter chains. The complete demonstrator was able to achieve an average efficiency of 30% for a 3GPP TestModel64 signal, measured at a channel output power of 20 W and an adjacent channel power ratio of -45 dB.
Unraveling Mysteries Associated with Cat-Scratch Disease, Bacillary Angiomatosis, and Related Syndromes (1995)

The search for the infectious agents responsible for cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and related syndromes has a long and often circuitous history. Recognition of the etiologic agents and a new understanding of the fundamental features of the epidemiology and natural history of modern day Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea)-associated diseases culminate a multipartite story that combines clinical medicine, traditional microbiology, and novel technological approaches to solve a long-standing enigma.
Fabrication of 3D structures using self-assembly at an air-water interface (2013)

This paper presents a novel self-assembly method for 3D structures with orthogonal or tilted surfaces. The assembly is achieved in a two-step process: part delivery using fluidic self-assembly and part folding to assemble the 3D structure. A magnetic field is employed for both processes. The folding angle is controlled by adjusting the direction of the magnetic field. The parts are fixed with solder reflow once they are assembled. As a proof of concept, millimeter-scale pyramid and rectangular shaped structures with different folding angles are fabricated.
An Experimental Model of Allergic Asthma in Cats Sensitized to House Dust Mite or Bermuda Grass Allergen (2004)

Using clinically relevant aeroallergens to sensitize and challenge the cat provides an additional animal model to study the immunopathophysiologic mechanisms of allergic asthma. Chronic exposure to allergen in the cat leads to a variety of immunologic, physiologic, and pathologic changes that mimic the features seen in human asthma.
Structure and transforming potential of the human cot oncogene encoding a putative protein kinase. (1991)

A new transforming gene has been molecularly cloned from hamster SHOK cells transformed with DNA extracted from a human thyroid carcinoma cell line and named the cot (cancer Osaka thyroid) oncogene. cDNA sequencing disclosed that this oncogene codes for a protein with 415 amino acid residues, and computer matching showed 42 to 48% similarity matches with serine protein kinases. Its gene product was identified as a 52-kDa protein by transcription and translation in vitro. Expression of cot cDNA under transcriptional control by a retroviral long terminal repeat induced morphological transformation of NIH 3T3 cells as well as SHOK cells. Protein kinase activity associated with constructed p60gag-cot was detected by immune complex kinase assay with anti-gag antiserum. The cot oncogene was overexpressed in transformed SHOK cells and found to have a rearranged 3' end in the last coding exon, which probably resulted in a deletion and an altered C' terminus in the transforming protein. This DNA rearrangement appeared to have occurred during transfection of the tumor DNA into hamster SHOK cells and not in the original thyroid tumor.
Effects of Impurities in CdTe/CdS Structures: Towards Enhanced Device Efficiencies (2006)

We report on a comprehensive study of the effect of impurities in thin film CdTe/CdS PV structures. Dynamic, quantitative SIMS and ICPMS spectrometry have been used to analyze starting materials, device layers and final device structures. Source materials of different purity were used: CdCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (5N to 95%), CdTe (7N to 5N), CdS (4N) and TCO (5N). Structures grown on glass have been compared with those grown on sapphire. Impurity profiles were obtained for O, Na, Si, Cl, Cu, Zn, Sn, Sb, In, Pb, S, Cd and Te. The profiles for Cu, Zn, Sn and Pb were found to be independent of the CdTe starting material and post-growth CdCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> treatment. Cl, O, Na and Si had higher levels in structures grown with 5N CdTe source material. Interdiffusion of Te and S was enhanced in devices grown with 5N CdTe. In was found to originate from the TCO. Na originated principally from the glass but was also introduced by the use of lower grade CdCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The Si profile was independent of the substrate used. Intentional incorporation of 62 during the CdTe growth led to an enhanced concentration of both O and Cl in finished devices. This resulted in an improvement in all device parameters and an increase in efficiency from 11.5% to 14%
The application of spread spectrum signaling techniques to underwater acoustic navigation (2002)

There are three standard techniques of tracking underwater vehicles; long baseline acoustic navigation, short baseline acoustic navigation, and ultra-short baseline acoustic navigation. All three techniques require accurate detection of a known signal which may be corrupted by additive noise and multipaths. In the particular case of ultra-short baseline navigation, an accurate phase measurement of the signal must be made in order to compute the bearing estimate. Significant improvements in the resolution of underwater navigation systems are possible with the use of coded wideband signals, as compared to conventional tone bursts. An ultra-short baseline acoustic tracking system has been developed at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution based on the use of spread spectrum signaling techniques. Simulations and expressions are presented which demonstrate the application of wideband signaling to the problem of underwater acoustic navigation.