gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A model for filament growth and switching in amorphous oxide films (1970)

The forming process, by which changes are brought about in the electronic conduction of thin films of various binary amorphous oxides and halides, is first described, and experimental evidence is put forward which contradicts an earlier theory of the forming process in gold-silicon monoxide-metal structures. A theory is developed, in terms of the growth and thermal rupture of many conducting filaments through the insulating layer, to explain the observed voltage controlled negative resistance, electron emission, electroluminescence and memory phenomena. The model is presented firstly in its simplest phenomenological form, after which some atomic mechanisms which may be involved are tentatively discussed. It is further shown that there is evidence to suggest that the forming process in important in a wide range of systems. These include metal-oxide-silicon capacitors and transistors, surface-barrier junctions on silicon, oxide-coated thermionic cathodes and anodic oxide layers. Electronic conduction in each of these cases is held to take place through localized filamentary paths. The relationship between this and other filamentary conduction models is briefly discussed, and a general classification of negative-resistance devices into regenerative and non-regenerative systems is made.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Scheduling in Cellular Networks (2019)

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into wireless networks has drawn significant interest in both industry and academia. A common solution is to replace partial or even all modules in the conventional systems, which is often lack of efficiency and robustness due to their ignoring of expert knowledge. In this paper, we take deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based scheduling as an example to investigate how expert knowledge can help with AI module in cellular networks. A simulation platform, which has considered link adaption, feedback and other practical mechanisms, is developed to facilitate the investigation. Besides the traditional way, which is learning directly from the environment, for training DRL agent, we propose two novel methods, i.e., learning from a dual AI module and learning from the expert solution. The results show that, for the considering scheduling problem, DRL training procedure can be improved on both performance and convergence speed by involving the expert knowledge. Hence, instead of replacing conventional scheduling module in the system, adding a newly introduced AI module, which is capable to interact with the conventional module and provide more flexibility, is a more feasible solution.
Induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha by the group- and type-specific polysaccharides from type III group B streptococci (1994)

Previous studies suggested that circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) may have a pathophysiologic role in experimental neonatal sepsis induced by group B streptococci (GBS). This study was undertaken to investigate the ability of the type III and group-specific polysaccharides of GBS to induce TNF-alpha production and TNF-alpha-dependent lethality in neonatal rats. The cytokine was detected in plasma samples by the L929 cytotoxicity assay. Intracardiac injections of either polysaccharide induced dose-dependent, transient elevations in plasma TNF-alpha levels that returned to baseline values after 5 h. The group-specific antigen induced significantly higher mean peak TNF-alpha levels than the type III antigen (125 +/- 47 versus 44 +/- 15 U/ml with 70 mg/kg of body weight). Glycogen (70 mg/kg), used as a negative control, did not induce TNF-alpha. The lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing agent polymyxin B did not decrease TNF-alpha levels induced by either polysaccharide, ruling out contamination with endotoxin as a possible cause of TNF-alpha induction. Fifty percent lethal doses of the type III and group-specific antigens given as intracardiac injections were 105 and 16 mg/kg, respectively. Salmonella endotoxin, used as a positive control, had a 50% lethal dose of 0.1 mg/kg. The lethal activities of GBS polysaccharides, as well as endotoxin, were completely prevented by pretreatment of neonatal rats with the respective specific antibodies or anti-murine TNF-alpha serum. To assess the relative importance of the type-specific substance in TNF-alpha induction by whole bacteria, two unrelated GBS transposon mutants devoid of only the type-specific capsular polysaccharide (COH1-13 and COH31-15) were employed. Each of the heat-killed unencapsulated mutants was able to produce plasma TNF-alpha level elevations or TNF-alpha-dependent lethality but was significantly less efficient in these activities than the corresponding encapsulated wild-type strain. These data suggest that the presence of type-specific material on GBS is not necessary for the stimulation of TNF-alpha production. Type III capsular polysaccharide, however, can significantly increase the ability of GBS to induce TNF-alpha. Further studies will be needed to assess the importance of TNF-alpha induction by the group- and type-specific antigens in the pathophysiology of GBS disease.
Cloning and functional analysis of the arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase gene ATE1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1990)

Aminoacyl-tRNA-protein transferases (Arg-transferases) catalyze post-translational conjugation of specific amino acids to the amino termini of acceptor proteins. A function of these enzymes in eukaryotes has been shown to involve the conjugation of destabilizing amino acids to the amino termini of short-lived proteins, these reactions being a part of the N-end rule pathway of protein degradation (Gonda, D. K., Bachmair, A., Wünning, I., Tobias, J. W., Lane, W. S., and Varshavsky, A. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 16700-16712). We have cloned the ATE1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which encodes arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase. ATE1 gives rise to a approximately 1.6-kilobase mRNA and codes for a 503-residue protein. Expression of the yeast ATE1 gene in Escherichia coli, which lacks Arg-transferases, was used to show that the ATE1 protein possesses the Arg-transferase activity. Null ate1 mutants are viable but lack the Arg-transferase activity and are unable to degrade those substrates of the N-end rule pathway that start with residues recognized by the Arg-transferase.
Novel Ladder π‐Conjugated Materials—Sila‐Pentathienoacenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Properties (2010)

A novel series of ladder π-conjugated materials--sila-pentathienoacenes (Si-PTA) are synthesized and characterized. Crystal structures of the compounds show that the length of alkyl chains substituting on the thiophene ring has a significant influence on molecular packing. A densely packed structure with an interfacial distance of about 3.66 Å between the adjacent molecules is observed for the compound with shorter alkyl chains. However, a large interfacial distance (7.99 Å) is obtained for another compound because of the insertion of long alkyl chains between two planes. The investigation of the optical and electrochemical properties shows that the silylene bridge incorporated into the pentathienoacene framework exerts a clear effect on the electronic properties by the σ*-π* conjugation. Although only a slight enhancement is observed for the HOMO levels, with respect to that of pentathienoacene, the LUMO levels are significantly lowered. The observed electronic properties are consistent with the theoretical calculations.
Preparations of saliva inhibiting reovirus hemagglutination. (1966)

Summary Substance(s) in saliva have been found which inhibit hemagglutination by reoviruses, type 1, 2 or 3. They attach to capsid protein of the virus, but not irreversibly to the erythrocyte. In complexing to virus, the sedimentation rate of the virus as determined by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation may be altered. These salivary substances are absorbed by kaolin, and are not identical to blood group substances A, B or H. They are probably mucins and indicate further affinity of reoviruses for glycoproteins.
Radiation Worker Protection by Exposure Scheduling (2011)

The discovery of the protective adaptive response of cells to a low dose of radiation suggests applications to radiation worker/first responder protection. Its use in cancer radiotherapy has been discussed in a separate publication. This paper describes simple changes in scheduling that can make use of these beneficial adaptive effects for protection. No increase in total exposure is necessary, only a simple change in the timing of radiation exposure. A low dose of radiation at a sufficient dose rate will trigger the adaptive response. This in turn will offer a considerable protection against the damage from a subsequent high dose. A simple scenario is discussed as well as a brief review of the experimental basis of the adaptive response.
Credit (2017)

As instruments of credit have proliferated over the past two centuries, connecting individuals, governments, and firms, credit relationships have become increasingly central to explanations of economic life. Social theorists have recently focused on the role of credit and debt in moral frameworks, legal formalization, social stratification, economic crisis, and the power of finance.
A new hybrid agent-based modeling &#x00026; simulation decision support system for breast cancer data analysis (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel technique of building hybrid decision support systems which integrates traditional decision support systems with agent based models for use in breast cancer analysis for better prediction and recommendation. Our system is based on using queries from data (converted to a standardized electronic template) to provide for simulation variables in an agent-based model. The goal is to develop an ICT tool to assist non-specialist biologist researcher users in performing analysis of large amounts of data by applying simple simulation techniques. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel decision support system, an extensive breast cancer data collection exercise was carried out with the support of Hospitals in a previously unexplored region. The collected data was subsequently integrated in an electronic medical record filing system for patients. We also demonstrate the application of agent based modeling and simulation techniques for building simulation models of tumor growth and treatment. Our proposed decision support system also provides a comprehensive query tool which facilitates the use of retrieved data in statistical tools <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for subsequent interpretation and analysis.
Model-driven Generation of Microservice Architectures for Benchmarking Performance and Resilience Engineering Approaches (2017)

Microservice architectures are steadily gaining adoption in industrial practice. At the same time, performance and resilience are important properties that need to be ensured. Even though approaches for performance and resilience have been developed (e.g., for anomaly detection and fault tolerance), there are no benchmarking environments for their evaluation under controlled conditions. In this paper, we propose a generative platform for benchmarking performance and resilience engineering approaches in microservice architectures, comprising an underlying metamodel, a generation platform, and supporting services for workload generation, problem injection, and monitoring.
Phosphoinositide 3-OH Kinase Inhibition Prevents Ventilation-induced Lung Cell Activation (2003)

In acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, protective ventilation strategies reduce mortality and proinflammatory mediator levels. It has been suggested that some of the side effects of mechanical ventilation are caused by the excessive release of mediators capable of causing pulmonary inflammation and tissue destruction (biotrauma). Selective inhibition of this process might be used to minimize the side effects of artificial mechanical ventilation. This study was designed to identify the cell types and specific signaling mechanisms that are activated by ventilation with increased pressure/volume (overventilation). In isolated perfused mouse lungs, overventilation caused nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and enhanced expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in alveolar macrophages and alveolar epithelial type II cells. The phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase inhibitor Ly294002 prevented nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and the subsequent release of interleukin-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2alpha in overventilated but not in endotoxic lungs. Similar results were obtained in rats in vivo, where Ly294002 prevented NF-kappaB activation by overventilation but not by endotoxin. These findings show that alveolar macrophages and alveolar epithelial type II cells contribute to the ventilation-induced release of proinflammatory mediators and that selective inhibition of this process is possible without inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB by endotoxin.
Influence of salinity on the properties of the different HPAM/Al<sup>3+</sup>systems (2019)

In order to achieve oil increment and water cut reduction in the heterogeneous oil reservoirs, a conformance control technology by using HPAM/Al 3+ systems has been widely used due to the low price and environmental friendliness. However, the complex structure and state of high-valent metal ions in brine water can directly affect the properties of the different HPAM/Al 3+ systems, which may lead to unreasonable applications. Therefore, in order to better utilize the HPAM/Al 3+ systems, the characteristics of gelation of HPAM and the three types of aluminum citrate under different salinities are systematically studied. Experimental results show that an important reason for the cross-linking reaction of HPAM/Al 3+ being affected by salinity is that the morphology and structure of the aluminum citrate complex is different under the different salinities. Although the change of characteristics of the reaction time and the cross-linking degree of the three HPAM/Al 3+ systems are different, the process of the cross-linking reactions of the three HPAM/Al 3+ systems are the same. Besides, the thermal stability of the HPAM/Al 3+ gels is weakened with the increasing of salinity regardless of the ratio of citrate ligands to Al 3+ . According to the matching relationship between salinity and HPAM/Al 3+ systems, the reaction time can be controlled to achieve the requirements of on-site construction operation for the conformance control of a given heterogeneous oil reservoir.
Fabrication techniques and characteristics of Al-SiO/sub 2/ laminated optical polarizers (1993)

Techniques for fabricating laminated polarizers (LAMIPOLs), which consist of alternating laminated layers of aluminum and silica, for the wavelength region lambda >1 mu m, are investigated. The oxidation of Al films is prevented by a suitable choice of deposition conditions. The surfaces of SiO/sub 2/ films are smoothed by bias sputtering. A 10 mu m thick LAMIPOL was obtained having an insertion loss of 0.15 dB and an extinction ratio of greater than 60 dB at the wavelength of 1.3 mu m. These characteristics can be estimated from the attenuated constants of the fundamental modes even when higher modes are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Adjustable Constant-Force Mechanism for Adaptive End-Effector Operations (2012)

Force regulation is a challenging problem for robot end-effectors when interacting with an unknown environment. It often requires sophisticated sensors with computerized control. This paper presents an adjustable constant-force mechanism (ACFM) to passively regulate the contact force of a robot end-effector. The proposed ACFM combines the negative stiffness of a bistable mechanism and positive stiffness of a linear spring to generate a constant-force output. Through prestressing the linear spring, the constant-force magnitude can be adjusted to adapt to different working environments. The ACFM is a monolithic compliant mechanism that has no frictional wear and is capable of miniaturization. We propose a design formulation to find optimal mechanism configurations that produce the most constant-force. A resulting force to displacement curve and maximal stress curve can be easily manipulated to fit a different application requirement. Illustrated experiments show that an end-effector equipped with the ACFM can adapt to a surface of variable height, without additional motion programming. Since sensors and control effort are minimized, we expect this mechanism can provide a reliable alternative for robot end-effectors to interact friendly with an environment.
Phase-locked interferometry for automatic mask alignment in projection printers (1987)

This paper describes a mask alignment technique for a projection printer in which the mask-to-wafer offset is determined interferometrically by a phase-locked method. The alignment patterns used in this method are cross grids which are illuminated with a He-Ne laser beam. By diffraction and interference a harmonic intensity signal is obtained whose phase is representative for the relative displacement of mask and wafer. Phase modulation and fine alignment are done with a tiltable glass plate driven by a galvanometric scanner. The total alignment operation including registration and fine alignment is controlled by a PC. With a registration precision in the nanometer region and cycle times below 0.3 s, this method is particularly suited for each field alignment in projection steppers. Results of theoretical and experimental investigations are discussed.
Competition of Hydrophobic Peptides, Cytotoxic Drugs, and Chemosensitizers on a Common P-glycoprotein Pharmacophore as Revealed by Its ATPase Activity (1996)

The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that the modulation of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) ATPase activity by peptides, drugs, and chemosensitizers takes place on a common drug pharmacophore. To this end, a highly emetine-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line was established, in which Pgp constituted 18% of plasma membrane protein. Reconstituted proteoliposomes, the Pgp content of which was up to 40%, displayed a basal activity of 2.6 +/- 0.45 micromol of Pi/min/mg of protein, suggesting the presence of an endogenous Pgp substrate. This basal ATPase activity was stimulated (up to 5.2 micromol of Pi/min/mg of protein) by valinomycin and various Pgp substrates, whereas, to our surprise, gramicidin D, an established Pgp substrate, was inhibitory. Taking advantage of this novel inhibition of Pgp ATPase activity by gramicidin D, a drug competition assay was devised in which gramicidin D-inhibited Pgp ATPase was coincubated with increasing concentrations of various substrates that stimulate its ATPase activity. Gramicidin D inhibition of Pgp ATPase was reversed by Pgp substrates, including various cytotoxic agents and chemosensitizers. The inhibition of the basal ATPase activity and the reversal of gramicidin D inhibition of Pgp ATPase by its various substrates conformed to classical Michaelis-Menten competition. This competition involved an endogenous substrate, the inhibitory drug gramicidin D, and a stimulatory substrate. We conclude that the various MDR type substrates and chemosensitizers compete on a common drug binding site present in Pgp.
Leveraging abstract interpretation for efficient dynamic symbolic execution (2017)

Dynamic Symbolic Execution (DSE) is a technique to automatically generate test inputs by executing a program with concrete and symbolic values simultaneously. A key challenge in DSE is scalability; executing all feasible program paths is not possible, owing to the potentially exponential or infinite number of paths. Loops are a main source of path explosion, in particular where the number of iterations depends on a program's input. Problems arise because DSE maintains symbolic values that capture only the dependencies on symbolic inputs. This ignores control dependencies, including loop dependencies that depend indirectly on the inputs. We propose a method to increase the coverage achieved by DSE in the presence of input-data dependent loops and loop dependent branches. We combine DSE with abstract interpretation to find indirect control dependencies, including loop and branch indirect dependencies. Preliminary results show that this results in better coverage, within considerably less time compared to standard DSE.
Secretion of ligninperoxidase by Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus terreus. (2002)

Secretion of ligninperoxidase [E.C.1.11.1.7] by Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus terreus in liquid culture growth medium has been demonstrated. Enzymatic characteristics like Km, pH and temperature optima using veratryl alcohol as the organic substrate of ligninperoxidases from above sources have been determined. Km values using veratryl alcohol as substrate for enzymes from P. citrinum, F. oxysporum and A. terreus were 69, 64 and 60 microM respectively. Km values using H2O2 as the variable substrate were 64, 72 and 80 microM. The pH optima were 4.0, 2.3 and 2.0 respectively. The values of temperature optima were 30 degrees, 25 degrees and 22 degrees C for the enzymes from P. citrinum, F. oxysporum and A. terreus respectively.
Precision navigation and timing enabled by microtechnology: Are we there yet? (2010)

This paper reviews currently recognized needs for advances in precision navigation and timing technology, summarizes ongoing efforts, and discusses future technological developments being pursued under the aggregated DARPA/MTO Microtechnology for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (μPNT) program.
간경변증 환자에서의 혈장 D-lactate 농도와 산염기 장애 (2002)

목 적 : 인간은 D- lactate dehyrogenase (LDH)가 없기 때문에 L- lactate의 광학이성질체인 D- lactate는 인간의 대사물이 아니다. 전반적인 대사능력이 제한된 간경변증 환자에서 항생제 및 lactulose 사용으로 인한 장내세균총의 변화와 기질의 증가로 D- lactate가 체외에서 유입되어 혈액내 D- lactate를 상승시킬 수 있다. 이 연구는 간경변증의 중등도 및 산- 염기장애에 대한 혈액내 L- lactate와 D- lactate농도의 연관성과 항생제와 lactulose사용이 D- lactate의 상승에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다.
방 법 : 한양대학교 구리병원에 입원한 간경변증 환자 40명을 대상으로 Child- Pugh 분류에 따라 분류하고, L- LDH와 D- LDH을 사용하여 혈장 L- lactate와 D- lactate을 측정하였다. 이들 중 14명은 혈장 L-, D-lactate를 추적 검사하여 lactulose와 항생제 각각의 사용유무에 따른 변화양상을 비교하였다.
결 과 : 혈장 D- lactate는 대조군(15명)에서 1.63±0.26 m㏖/ L이고 간경변증 환자(40명)에서는 2.34±0.48 m㏖/L로 증가하는 경향이나 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이는 없었고, 간경변증환자 중 4명(10%)이 비정상적인 혈장 D- lactate 상승을 보였다. Child 분류와 간경변증의 원인들간의 혈장 L-, D- lactate치의 차이는 없었다. 동맥혈가스분석을 시행한 환자 35명 중 산- 염기장애는 호흡성 알칼리증이 63%(n =22), 호흡성- 대사성 혼합성 알칼리증이 17%(n =6), 호흡성 알칼리증- 대사성산증이 9%(n =3), 그리고 정상이 11%(n =4)이었으며 대사성 산증이 동반된 군에서는 혈장 D- lactate가 상승되어 있었다(12.00±2.98 m㏖/L, p<0.05). 입원기간 중 lactulose와 항생제를 사용한 군에서 사용전후 혈장 L- lactate와 D- lactate의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다.
결 론 : 원인은 알 수 없으나 일부 간경변증 환자는 중증도와 관계없이 혈장 D- lactate가 비정상적으로 상승되어 있다. 이는 간경변증 환자들에서 저하된 간의 대사능력이외 다른 요인이 간여할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 간경변증 환자의 산- 염기 장애는 대부분 호흡성 알칼리증을 나타내지만, 대사성 산증이 동반된 간경변증 환자는 혈장 D- lactate의 상승을 한 원인으로 고려해야 할 것이다.
Melanoma Of The Head And Neck (2021)

Melanoma is a malignant tumor produced from malignant transformation of melanocytes. This can be sporadic or arise from a preexisting premalignant lesion. Due to that fact that melanocytes are of neural crest origin, melanomas can arise in other locations where neural crest cells are present including the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Approximately 10% to 25% of melanomas are found in the head and neck region. The most common sites are the occipital scalp and skin of the cheek. Common locations are face (40% to 60%), scalp (14% to 49%), neck (20% to 29%), and ear (8% to 11%). Location of the lesion is of particular importance when addressing melanoma in the head and neck as some locations had a worse prognosis. Additionally, the location requires different management compared to other parts of the body.