gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Comparative analysis of color architectures for image sensors</title> (1999)

We have developed a software simulator to create physical models of a scene, compute camera responses, render the camera images and to measure the perceptual color errors between the scene and rendered imags. The simulator can be used to measure color reproduction errors and analyze the contributions of different sources to the error. We compare three color architectures for digital cameras: (a) a sensor array containing three interleaved color mosaics, (b) an architecture using dichroic prisms to create three spatially separated copies of the image, (c) a single sensor array coupled with a time-varying color filter measuring three images sequentially in time. Here, we analyze the color accuracy of several exposure control methods applied to these architectures. The first exposure control algorithm simply stops image acquisition when one channel reaches saturation. In a second scheme, we determine the optimal exposure time for each color channel separately, resulting in a longer total exposure time. In a third scheme we restrict the total exposure duration to that of the first scheme, but we preserve the optimum ratio between color channels. Simulator analyses measure the color reproduction quality of these different exposure control methods as a function of illumination taking into account photon and sensor noise, quantization and color conversion errors.
Studies using the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody 105AD7 in patients with primary and advanced colorectal cancer (2002)

The mortality from colorectal cancer has not changed appreciably in the last 30 years and new treatment avenues, such as immunotherapy, are being explored. 105AD7 is a form of active specific immunotherapy that aims to stimulate specific T-cells to target tumour specific antigens on colorectal cancer cells. Results indicate that the cancer vaccine 105AD7 is non-toxic and is capable of stimulating T-cells to target tumour specific antigens, become activated, and kill tumour cells by apoptosis. These immune responses have no effect on survival on a cohort of immunosuppressed patients with advanced disease, but results from a case-control study in patients with minimal residual disease suggest they may confer a slight survival advantage on patients receiving 105AD7.
Failure of simian virus 40 small t antigen to disorganize actin cables in nonpermissive cell lines (1988)

Mouse C3H 10T1/2 cell lines expressing the simian virus 40 (SV40) small t antigen were obtained by cotransfection of pSV2neo and plasmids which encode small t. Cell lines derived from two plasmids which encode small t in the absence of stable deletion fragments of the large T antigen were morphologically normal and grew to slightly higher saturation densities in low serum than control cell lines. Unexpectedly, the clones had highly organized actin cables, as did parental 10T1/2 cells infected with wild-type SV40. These observations and comparisons of rat F111 cells infected with either polyomavirus or SV40 suggest that the SV40 small t antigen does not directly affect cytoskeletal organization.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of a rat stage V Sertoli cell: III. A study of specific cellular relationships (1983)

Specific Sertoli--Sertoli and Sertoli--germ-cell contacts and/or junctions were investigated employing micrographs used to reconstruct serially a model of a rat stage V Sertoli cell. The Sertoli--Sertoli junctional contact areas occurred in a belt-like arrangement near the base of the Sertoli cell. This configuration is consistent with their proposed function as a sealing element limiting the passage of materials toward the tubular lumen. Sertoli ectoplasmic specializations also formed a continuous belt, or band, around the reconstructed cell at the junctional contact area. Eighteen Sertoli--Sertoli tubulobulbar complexes were found; some (12 in number) invaginated the reconstructed cell, while others (6) emanated from it. Of 37 round germ cells that were sectioned in their entirety and adjoined the reconstructed cell, 23 displayed desmosome-gap junctions with either the reconstructed cell or an adjoining cell. Since there were multiple junctions connecting some germ cells to Sertoli cells, the total number of junctions was much greater (35). Desmosome-gap junctions of the Sertoli cell were numerous connecting pachytene spermatocytes, less numerous connecting type B spermatogonia, and even less numerous connecting step 5 spermatids; and none was seen joining Sertoli cells with elongate spermatids. Most desmosome-gap junctions join germ cells to the body of the Sertoli cell at its basal aspect. Their numbers and position indicate that they play a role in the maintenance of the integrity of the seminiferous epithelium and may provide a route for cell-to-cell communication. Ectoplasmic specializations of the reconstructed cell were seen facing only 3 of 37 round germ cells, and 7 ectoplasmic specializations from adjoining Sertoli cells faced these germ cells, all of which were step 5 spermatids. That there were no ectoplasmic specializations facing pachytene cells indicates that ectoplasmic specializations are not acquired as these cells pass through Sertoli--Sertoli junctions, but are acquired later in spermatogenesis.
Hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (1990)

In the United States, a large percentage of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are serologically negative for hepatitis B. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C antibody in the sera of 59 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were HBsAg-negative and had no evidence of alcoholic liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, hemochromatosis or alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Twenty patients (34%) were hepatitis C antibody-positive and hepatitis B core antibody-negative. All twenty patients had underlying cirrhosis, and seven (35%) had histories of transfusions. Eleven (19%) additional patients were also hepatitis C antibody-positive but were hepatitis B core antibody-positive as well. Twenty-one (36%) patients were both hepatitis C antibody- and hepatitis B core antibody-negative and seven (12%) were hepatitis C antibody-negative but hepatitis B core antibody-positive. The prevalence of hepatitis C antibody was also determined among three other population groups serving as controls and found to be 14% in 28 HbsAg-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 44% in 76 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and 0.5% in 200 consecutive volunteer blood donors. We conclude that hepatitis C antibody is prevalent among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and may therefore be a common causative agent of this disease. A significant number of patients with and without cirrhosis, negative for hepatitis C antibody and hepatitis B core antibody, remain without a discernible cause for this malignancy. Perhaps a second- or third-generation test will detect hepatitis C antibody in some of these patients.
A switched-capacitor Programmable Gain Amplifier optimized for motor control application using correlated double sampling technique (2010)

This paper describes the design of a 12-bit fully differential Switched-Capacitor (SC) Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) optimized for motor control application and implemented using Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) technique. The PGA performs differential to single-ended conversion and operates in concert with an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). Fabricated in a standard 4-metal single-poly 0.25um CMOS process, it occupies an area of 0.18mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a total dissipation of 450uA and operates from -40°C to 135°C. The circuit has been integrated on Freescale's MC56F8006 family of Digital Signal Controllers (DSC) along with other on-chip peripherals designed to enhance the performance of motor control and power conversion applications.
Cyclic Adenosine 3′:5′-Monophosphate in Moss Protonema (1977)

From the protonema of the moss Funaria hygrometrica (L.) Sibth, a factor indistinguishable from cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) has been isolated. The factor stimulated the activity of protein kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle and co-chromatographed with authentic cAMP in two solvent systems. Its ability to stimulate protein kinase activity was completely abolished by 3':5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, the rate of inactivation being similar to that of authentic cAMP. Based on these properties, this factor is identified as 3',5'-cAMP. Cyclic AMP could be readily removed from the cells and washing the cells with water reduced the endogenous level of cAMP by 2- to 3-fold. A comparison of cAMP levels by protein kinase and Gilman assays was made. The intracellular levels determined by protein kinase assay were about 7-fold lower than the values obtained by Gilman assay. This discrepancy was due to the presence of unidentified compounds which were completely degraded by 3':5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Although these displaced labeled cAMP in the Gilman assay, they did not stimulate the protein kinase activity. The protonema may contain cyclic nucleotides other than cAMP; these will not be detected in the protein kinase assay due to the specificity of this reaction. The crude extracts were found to be unsuitable for assaying cAMP by either method.
Gray-level invariant Haralick texture features (2019)

Haralick texture features are common texture descriptors in image analysis. To compute the Haralick features, the image gray-levels are reduced, a process called quantization. The resulting features depend heavily on the quantization step, so Haralick features are not reproducible unless the same quantization is performed. The aim of this work was to develop Haralick features that are invariant to the number of quantization gray-levels. By redefining the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) as a discretized probability density function, it becomes asymptotically invariant to the quantization. The invariant and original features were compared using logistic regression classification to separate two classes based on the texture features. Classifiers trained on the invariant features showed higher accuracies, and had similar performance when training and test images had very different quantizations. In conclusion, using the invariant Haralick features, an image pattern will give the same texture feature values independent of image quantization.
Bulk cryopreservation of lymphocytes in glycerol (1988)

The authors describe a method for freezing large amounts of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in a 20 percent glycerol solution. Between 0.6 and 4.3 X 10(9) cells in autologous plasma were frozen in polyethylene freezing bags in a final volume of 50 ml. The recovery after thawing averaged 89 +/- 14 percent with a mean viability by trypan blue dye exclusion of 80 +/- 7 percent (n = 11). In aliquots of fresh and frozen-thawed PBL from the same subjects radiolabeled with 111In, the radiolabeling efficiency for both fresh and thawed cells was 49 +/- 15 percent (p = 0.98, n = 5). The mitogen mean stimulation indices for glycerol-frozen cells (471 with phytohemagglutinin-M, 176 with pokeweed mitogen, and 380 with concanavalin A) were superior to those of cells frozen by a standard technique with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (141, 47, and 123; p less than 0.05) and comparable to those of fresh PBL (403, 75, and 147). In a mixed lymphocyte culture, glycerol-frozen PBL showed significantly greater responsiveness to a pool of stimulator cells than did PBL frozen in DMSO (p = 0.03). Thawed cells are viable and functional as demonstrated by their response to mitogens and their ability to stimulate and respond in mixed lymphocyte culture.
Developments in the synthesis of LiF:Mg,Cu,Na,Si TL Material (2004)

A procedure for synthesis of the highly sensitive pellet-type LiF:Mg,Cu,Na,Si thermoluminescent (TL) detector has been newly developed. It was found that the optimum concentrations of dopants for a pellet-type LiF:Mg,Cu,Na,Si TL detector were found to be Mg: 0.2 mol %, Cu: 0.05 mol %, Na: 0.9 mol %, and Si: 0.9 mol %. The TL sensitivity of this new detector was about 30 times higher than that of the TLD-100 by light integration measurements. Reusability study of the detector was carried out for 10 cycles. The results show that the coefficients of variation for each detector separately did not exceed 0.016, and that for all 10 detectors collectively was 0.0054.
Degradable Molybdenum Oxide Nanosheets with Rapid Clearance and Efficient Tumor Homing Capabilities as a Therapeutic Nanoplatform (2015)

Molybdenum oxide (MoOx) nanosheets with high near-infrared (NIR) absorbance and pH-dependent oxidative degradation properties were synthesized, functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and then used as a degradable photothermal agent and drug carrier. The nanosheets, which are relatively stable under acidic pH, could be degraded at physiological pH. Therefore, MoOx-PEG distributed in organs upon intravenous injection would be rapidly degraded and excreted without apparent in vivo toxicity. MoOx-PEG shows efficient accumulation in tumors, the acidic pH of which then leads to longer tumor retention of those nanosheets. Along with the capability of acting as a photothermal agent for effective tumor ablation, MoOx-PEG can load therapeutic molecules with high efficiencies. This concept of inorganic theranostic nanoagent should be relatively stable in tumors to allow imaging and treatment, while being readily degradable in normal organs to enable rapid excretion and avoid long-term retention/toxicity.
The research progress of Chinese medicine in hepatic cancer immunotherapy (2013)

Summarized and analyzed the experiment of Chinese medicine curing hepacarcinoma,and gave a summary and conclusion of the effective components,compound in Chinese medicine and Chinese patent medicines in regulating hepacarcinoma immune function Also investigated the main problems in the research.Resaults Chinese medicine has better regulation of tumor patients immune function,which could prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis by strengthening and consolidating body resistance,inhibit tumor progression.
Unipolar "Field-Effect" Transistor (1953)

Unipolar "field-effect" transistors of a type suggested by W. Shockley have been constructed and tested. The idealized theory of Shockley has been extended to cover the actual geometries involved, and design nomographs are presented. It is found that these structures can be designed in such a way as to yield a negative resistance at the input terminals. The characteristics of several units are presented and analyzed. It is shown that these characteristics are in substantial agreement with the extended theory. Finally a speculative evaluation of the possible future applications of field effect transistors is made.
Andrographolide, a potential cancer therapeutic agent isolated from <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> (2003)

Andrographis paniculata plant extract is known to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. Andrographolide, the major constituent of the extract is implicated towards its pharmacological activity. We studied the cellular processes and targets modulated by andrographolide treatment in human cancer and immune cells. Andrographolide treatment inhibited the in vitro proliferation of different tumor cell lines, representing various types of cancers. The compound exerts direct anticancer activity on cancer cells by cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase through induction of cell-cycle inhibitory protein p27 and decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Immunostimulatory activity of andrographolide is evidenced by increased proliferation of lymphocytes and production of interleukin-2. Andrographolide also enhanced the tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and CD marker expression, resulting in increased cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes against cancer cells, which may contribute for its indirect anticancer activity. The in vivo anticancer activity of the compound is further substantiated against B16F0 melanoma syngenic and HT-29 xenograft models. These results suggest that andrographolide is an interesting pharmacophore with anticancer and immunomodulatory activities and hence has the potential for being developed as a cancer therapeutic agent.
Coexistence Analysis Involving 3GPP Long Term Evolution (2007)

As the standardization of Evolved-UTRA or LTE is ongoing in 3GPP, it is important to ensure the coexistence between two LTE systems or between LTE and legacy UMTS systems sharing the same frequency band. This paper is aimed at presenting a complete view of the status and challenges of the coexistence issue. The high-level methodology, UL power control, and ACLR modeling, etc. are discussed in detail. To ensure coexistence without tightening the RF requirements and hence increasing the cost for LTE, mitigation techniques like interference-aware resource allocation are proposed and shown to be effective by simulation results.
Sphingomyelinase action inhibits phorbol ester-induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemic (HL-60) cells (1989)

Prior studies showed that sphingomyelinase action and the free sphingoid bases inhibited protein kinase C (Kolesnick, R. N., and Clegg, S. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 6534-6537). The present studies investigated whether sphingomyelinase action also inhibited a biologic process mediated via protein kinase C, phorbol ester-induced differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic cells into macrophages. The potent phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) stimulated time- and concentration-dependent conversion of HL-60 cells into macrophages, ED50 congruent to 5 x 10(-10) M. Differentiation involved growth inhibition, adherence of the suspended cells to tissue culture plastic, morphologic changes, and development of specific enzymatic markers. Sphingomyelinase, which increased the level of sphingoid bases and inactivated protein kinase C, prevented this event. In control incubations, cell number increased 2.10-fold over 24 h, and 2 +/- 1% of the cells were adherent. In incubations with TPA (0.5 nM), cell number increased only 1.75-fold, and 30% were adherent. Sphingomyelinase (3.8 x 10(-5) unit/ml) restored growth to incubations containing TPA to 2.02-fold and reduced adherence to 15%. Sphingomyelinase (3.8 x 10(-2) unit/ml) also restored growth partially and reduced adherence to a maximal concentration of TPA (3 nM). Similar results were obtained with the sphingoid base sphingosine (3-4.5 microM). Sphingomyelinase antagonized the morphologic changes associated with conversion to the macrophage phenotype. Untreated HL-60 cells presented typical promyelocytic morphology with large nuclei, little cytoplasm, and uniformity of nuclear and cell shape. TPA induced a larger cell population with abundant cytoplasm and unusual shape. Sphingomyelinase prevented these changes. Sphingomyelinase blocked TPA-induced increases in the macrophage marker enzymes, acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. These studies indicate that the action of a sphingomyelinase, like the sphingoid bases, blocks phorbol ester-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells into macrophages and provides further support for the concept that sphingomyelinase action may be sufficient to comprise a physiologically relevant inhibitory pathway for protein kinase C.
RESEARCH ON KEY TECHNOLOGY FOR TACTICAL INTERNET (2007)

Tactical Internet technology is one of the main supporting technologies for digital army tactics command control system.Based on the existing research on Tactical Internet,aspects relative to Tactical Internet are discussed in detail,such as clustering algorithm,radio channel access,routing protocal,information process etc,and the directions of research and development for Tactical Internet in the future are presented.A wireless network communication model based on establishment is given,and the highest ID clustering algorithm is applied to this model.The standard of radio channel access in American army Tactical Internet is introduced,and also the design of radio channel access based on Ultra-wideband technology in Tactical Internet is analysed.
In Vivo Characterization of a Decellularized Dermis‐Polymer Complex for Use in Percutaneous Devices (2014)

To develop a method for making percutaneous devices that have high biocompatibility and do not induce downgrowth of epidermal cells, we prepared a partial decellularized dermis (DD)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) complex (PDPC) with a PMMA rod firmly stabilized inside. The porcine decellularized tissue was chosen because of its high biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and MMA was used because it would adhere firmly to a polymer such as a catheter. The MMA filled the cavities in the dermis and polymerized, anchoring to the collagenous fibrils inside the porcine DD. The PDPC was cemented to the PMMA rod tightly and it was integrated with the surrounding tissue within 12 weeks of implantation. Furthermore, no downgrowth of the epidermis, which may cause clinical problems, was observed. We consider that the tissue-polymer complex may be a suitable candidate for use in percutaneous devices.
Lipids of Cancerous Tissue (1961)

By ingestion of food with heated lipids, not adenocarcinoma but abnormal growth like tumors is produced in gastric mucous membrane of rats. In general, carcinogenic agents have a close connection with protein and combine with it. Lipids having oxidized unsaturated fatty acids and protein form complexes. Because of their strong linkages, the complexes are not decomposed by solvent extraction. Would the oxidized lipids form complexes with nucleoproteins, the status of cell-division may probablly change. It is thus assumed that the cancerous cells may be produced. In such a case, cancerous tissues may contain oxidized lipids. From this point of view, lipids were extracted from cancerous tissues, such as gastric scirrhous carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, rectal adenocarcinoma and mammary carcinoma indicated the picture of carcinoma simplex tissues. Then fatty acids and their methyl esters were obtained. All procedures were carried out at room temperature under the atmosphere of nitrogen without exposing samples to direct sunlight. From ultra-violet spectrum, fatty acids composition was calculated. It was ascertained that trans-trans conjugated diene hydroperoxide exists in the methyl esters obtained from cancerous tissues, and that trans-trans nonconjugated dienoic acid also exists in some such esters from the results of infrared spectrum analysis.
Production of actinorhodin-related "blue pigments" by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (1996)

The genetically well-known strain Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) produces the pH indicator (red/blue) antibiotic actinorhodin, but not all the "blue pigment" produced by this strain is actinorhodin. When the organism was subjected to various nutrient limitations (ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, or trace elements), and also during growth cessation caused by a relatively low medium pH, blue pigment production was initiated but the pigment and its location varied. At pH 4.5 to 5.5, significant formation of actinorhodin occurred and was located exclusively intracellularly. At pH 6.0 to 7.5 a different blue pigment was produced intracellularly as well as extracellularly. It was purified and identified as gamma-actinorhodin (the lactone form of actinorhodin). Analysis of act mutants of S. coelicolor A3(2) confirmed that both pigments are derived from the act biosynthetic pathway. Mutants with lesions in actII-ORF2, actII-ORF3, or actVA-ORF1, previously implicated or suggested to be involved in actinorhodin export, were impaired in production of gamma-actinorhodin, suggesting that synthesis of gamma-actinorhodin from actinorhodin is coupled to its export from the cell. However, effects on the level of actinorhodin production were also found in some mutants.