gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Treatment of Excessive Barking in the Domestic Dog (1997)

Barking is a normal and common method of communication in the domestic dog, but it can become a problem behavior in specific circumstances. Excessive barking can be a mild annoyance or a severe problem, particularly if the owner is under pressure from other people to stop the dog's behavior. Preventive measures could reduce the likelihood of the behavior becoming problematic. Correctly assessing the motivation behind a dog's excessive barking once it becomes a problem is crucial to the implementation of a successful treatment regimen. Veterinarians should be prepared to give practical advice to clients in both instances, because the recommendations could improve the chance of the dog staying in the household.
Long-term growth suppression of human glioma xenografts by chemoimmunoconjugates of 4-desacetylvinblastine-3-carboxyhydrazide and monoclonal antibody 9.2.27. (1992)

A conjugate of 4-desacetylvinblastine-3-carboxyhydrazide (DAVLBHY) and the glioma-reactive monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9.2.27 induced long-term suppression of tumor growth in athymic nude mice engrafted with U87MG human glioma cells. In vitro, DAVLBHY had the strongest antiproliferative activity (inhibitory concentration at which incorporation of [3H]thymidine is at 50% of untreated control is 2.0 x 10(-9) M) of seven cytotoxic drugs tested and so was chosen for conjugation to mAb 9.2.27, which reacts specifically with the core protein of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans found in human glioblastomas. After conjugation of DAVLBHY to the carbohydrate residues of mAb 9.2.27 it retained its full binding capacity. For in vivo studies, DAVLBHY and several conjugate derivatives were evaluated by using two dosages of i.v. injections, each starting 2 days after s.c. tumor inoculation. The control tumors reached a volume of nearly 3000 mm3 within 30 days. Tumor growth was delayed by about 20 days with four i.v. injections of 0.5 mg/kg 9.2.27-DAVLBHY, which was slightly superior to the unconjugated drug. Moreover, 9.2.27-DAVLBHY produced a highly significant suppression of growth so that the average tumor volume was only 3% of that observed in untreated controls after 28 days. Four injections of this conjugate at a larger dose, 2.0 mg/kg, prevented recurrence of the tumors for 130 days in all animals tested, thus demonstrating a significant increase in the therapeutic index, since the unconjugated drug provided limited inhibition of tumor growth for only 40 days. The specificity of the antitumor effect was demonstrated in a comparison with the control conjugate, KS1/4-DAVLBHY, which despite partial tumor suppression had only a transient effect. The specific antitumor effect of 9.2.27-DAVLBHY was unexpected, since the target antigen is expressed at a relatively low density (40,000 sites/cell) on U87MG glioma cells.
A high-performance N-channel MOSLSI using depletion-type load elements (1972)

A design approach of the depletion-load inverter is given in which an attempt is made to obtain large noise margins. It is predicted that the circuit will operate with a 10-15 pJ/pF power- delay product at +5-V supply voltage. Some experimental integrated circuits were designed and fabricated by making use of a novel n-channel MOS technology that utilizes both enhancement and depletion-type MOSFET on a chip. A fully decoded transistor- transistor logic (TTL)-compatible READ-ONLY memory was fabricated, resulting in 300 ns total access time at a +5-V single power supply.
Photochromic mesostructured silica pigments dispersed in latex films (2005)

We have incorporated the photochromic dyes spiropyran and spirooxazine in surfactant templated mesostructured silica particles. Spherical inorganic–organic hybrid pigments with varying dye content were produced by a one-pot synthesis in an aerosol reactor where the internal mesostructure could be controlled. The mesostructured inorganic–organic hybrid pigments provide a mechanically and chemically rigid framework that protects the dyes and facilitate handling. We show that an organic latex binder can be used to prepare transparent photochromic films of varying thickness. Changing the dye loading in the pigments and the pigment content in the films provides a versatile route for tuning the photochromic response. The pigmented films show both fast and direct photochromism, where the decay time for thermal bleaching is very fast in the case of spirooxazine doped pigments (kSO = 0.094 s−1), being in the range of the best reported values for solid state composites.
Transformation-based error-driven learning and natural language processing (1995)

Recently, there has been a rebirth of empiricism in the field of natural language processing. Manual encoding of linguistic information is being challenged by automated corpus-based learning as a m...
Time-interleaved A/D converter with channel randomization (2002)

Gain errors and offsets in time-interleaved structure A/D converters result in distortion in the output spectrum. To reduce these effects, a new method utilizing randomization technique is proposed. Simulation results show that the distortion level caused by gain errors and offsets was lowered. One of the advantages of this proposed method is that it requires low hardware cost to implement when compared to other auto-calibrating methods.
Pediatric cerebral aneurysms (2001)

Pediatric aneurysms have a specific distribution unlike that of aneurysms in the adult population. The incidence of giant aneurysms and outcomes were similar to those in the adult population. The major cause of poor outcome was the initial SAH, in particular, the high proportion of rebleeding possibly due to a delay in diagnosis.
Protection against hepatitis A by an inactivated vaccine. (1994)

Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine is safe; when administered in two doses, it protects against hepatitis A for at least 1 year.
Theory and simulation in heterogeneous gold catalysis (2008)

This critical review covers the application of quantum chemistry to the burgeoning area of the heterogeneous oxidation by Au. We focus on the most established reaction, the oxidation of CO at low temperature. The review begins with an overview of the methods available comparing the treatment of the electron-electron interaction and relativistic effects. The structure of Au particles and their interaction with oxide reviews is then discussed in detail. Calculations of the adsorption and reaction of CO and O2 are then considered and results from isolated and supported Au clusters compared (155 references).
Telomerase mRNA Expression in Ductal Carcinomas of the Breast (2002)

Recently, telomerase expression has been shown to be closely associated with cellular immortality and cancer; the majority of malignant tumours from all cancer types tested express human telomerase RNA (hTR), but most normal somatic tissues do not express hTR significantly (1). hTR expression has been shown to correlate with poor clinical outcome in breast tumours (2). However, some studies revealed no correlation between hTR activity and disease outcome (3). The aim of this study was to determine hTR activity in breast carcinomas with a nonisotopic in situ hybridization technique. Telomerase activity in the archival paraffin blocks of 18 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast was retrospectively examined. The slides were reviewed and tumours classified according to the Scarff-BloomRichardson grading system. Staging was performed according to the American Joint Committee (AJCC) classification (1999). Then 5 µm paraffin sections from the representative paraffin blocks were recut for in situ hybridization.
1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro - 1 - Phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-One, A Homologue of Phenidone (1987)

Abstract The title compound is synthesised in 3 steps from phenyl hydrazine, and its properties are reported.
Cognitive Therapy of Depression and Suicide (1978)

This article reviews the cognitive therapy of depression. The psychotherapy based on this theory consists of behavioral and verbal techniques to change cognitions, beliefs, and errors in logic in the patient's thinking. A few of the various techniques are described and a case example is provided. Finally, the outcome studies testing the efficacy of this approach are reviewed.
Interstitial Microwave Hyperthermia Combined with Indium-192 Radiotherapy for Recurrent Tumors (1989)

From 1985 through 1987, 44 tumors in 39 patients with recurrent cancer were treated with interstitial microwave hyperthermia (HT) combined with interstitial 192Ir radiotherapy (RT). All patients had unresectable and previously treated tumors (mean RT dose 57.6 Gy). Diagnoses were squamous cell carcinoma in 27 (62%), adenocarcinoma in 11 (25%), melanoma in 5 (11%), and soft tissue sarcoma in 1 (2%) site. Interstitial RT dose was from 25 to 50 Gy (mean 38.3 Gy). The first HT session was scheduled immediately before the loading of 192Ir, and the second was scheduled following its removal. Each session lasted 45-60 min at therapeutic temperature (42.5 degrees C). Complete response (CR) was obtained in 28 (64%) sites and partial response (PR) in 15 (34%) sites. None of the CR patients had local recurrence. Tumor volume was the most important factor influencing CR (p less than 0.001). The treated site, radiation dose, and thermal dose were not significant factors for CR (p = 0.03). The overall median survival was 39 weeks, with a 2-year survival of 22%. The treatment was well tolerated, with two patients developing focal skin necrosis.
Effective method to evaluate the complex degree of the sea-sky infrared backgrounds (2007)

When designing the system of the infrared (IR) small target detection, both which detection algorithm to be chosen and how to set some parameters of the detection algorithm need to evaluate the complexity of the infrared backgrounds. In this paper, an effective method to evaluate the complexity of the sea-sky infrared backgrounds based on texture analysis is proposed. According to the characteristics of Infrared backgrounds, three statistical descriptors based on gray level co-occurrence matrix are calculated, and one statistical descriptors based on edge information is calculated. All statistical descriptors are fused to evaluate the complexity of IR backgrounds finally. Real and synthetic IR images under sea-sky background are applied to validate the proposed approach. Compared to existing methods, Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method with high performance.
Lazy transition systems (1998)

This paper introduces bzy Transitions Systems &zTSs). The notion of laziness exDlicitlv distinguishes behveen the enabling and the firing of an e;ent in"a transition system.
Interfacing acoustic models with natural language processing systems (1998)

The research presented here focuses on implementation and efficiency issues associated with the use of word graphs for interfacing acoustic speech recognition systems with natural language processing systems. The effectiveness of various pruning methods for graph construction is examined, as well as techniques for word graph compression. In addition, the word graph representation is compared to another predominant interface method, the N-best sentence list.
The cellular physiology of carbonic anhydrases. (2001)

Carbonic anhydrases are zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO(2) to form HCO(3)(-) and protons according to the following reaction: CO(2) + H(2)O <=> H(2)CO(3) <=> HCO(3)(-) + H(+). The first reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase and the second reaction occurs instantaneously. The carbonic anhydrase (CA) gene family includes ten enzymatically active members, which are major players in many physiological processes, including renal and male reproductive tract acidification, bone resorption, respiration, gluconeogenesis, signal transduction, and formation of gastric acid. The newly identified CA IX (previously called MN) and CA XII are related to cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Carbonic anhydrase isozymes have different kinetic properties and they are present in various tissues and in various cell compartments. CA I, II, III and VII are cytoplasmic, CA V is mitochondrial, and CA VI is present in salivary secretions. CA IV, IX, XII and XIV are membrane proteins: CA IV is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, and CA IX, XII and XIV are transmembrane proteins. The present work will focus on the roles of CA II and CA IV in transepithelial proton secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption processes. The localization of these isoforms in selected epithelia that are involved in net acid/base transport, such as kidney proximal tubules and collecting ducts, and tubules from the male reproductive tract will be reviewed.
Enzymatic synthesis and properties of glycoconjugates with legionaminic acid as a replacement for neuraminic acid (2010)

In addition to sialic acid, bacteria produce several other nonulosonic acids, including legionaminic acid (Leg). This has exactly the same stereochemistry as sialic acid, with the added features of 9-deoxy and 7-amino groups. In order to explore the biological effects of replacing sialic acid residues (Neu5Ac) in glycoconjugates with Leg in its diacetylated form, diacetyllegionaminic acid (Leg5Ac7Ac), we tested CMP-Leg5Ac7Ac as a donor substrate with a selection of bacterial and mammalian sialyltransferases. The CMP-Leg5Ac7Ac was synthesized in vitro by means of cloned enzymes from the bacillosamine portion of the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan pathway and from the Leg pathway of Legionella pneumophila. Using fluorescent derivatives of lactose, Galβ1,4GlcNAcβ and T-antigen (Galβ1,3GalNAcα) as acceptors, we tested eight different sialyltransferases and found that the Pasteurella multocida PM0188h and porcine ST3Gal1 sialyltransferases were significantly active with CMP-Leg5Ac7Ac, showing ∼60% activity when compared with CMP-Neu5Ac. The Photobacterium α2,6 sialyltransferase was weakly active, with ∼6% relative activity. The Leg5Ac7Ac-α-2,3-lactose product was then tested as a substrate with six sialidases of viral, bacterial and mammalian origin. All showed much lower activities than with the corresponding sialic acid substrate, with the influenza virus N1 being the most active and human NEU2 being the least active. These results show the feasibility of producing glycoconjugates with Leg5Ac7Ac residues as the terminal sugars, which should display novel biological properties.
Novel non-invasive probes for measuring tumor-hypoxia by 19F-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-MRS). Studies in the SCCVII/C3H murine model. (2006)

These results suggest that CF3PM could be used as a potential probe for measuring hypoxia in tumors by 19F-MRS.
Quantitative mammalian cell mutagenesis and mutagen screening: study with CHO cells (1979)

The CHO/HGPRT system has been developed and defined for quantifying mutation induced by various physical and chemical agents at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In all direct-acting chemical mutagens studied, mutation induction increases linearly as a function of the concentration, with no apparent threshold. Some chemicals induce mutation at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The mutagenicity of ethyl methanesulfonate has been quantified as a function of exposure concentration x treatment time. The sensitive and quantitative nature of the system enables studies of the structure-activity (mutagenicity) relationships of various classes of chemicals, including alkylating agents, heterocyclic nitrogen mustards, and platinum compounds. When rat liver S/sub 9/-mediated metabolic activation is present, procarcinogens such as benzo(a)pyrene, 2-acetylaminofluorene, and dimethylnitrosamine are mutagenic, whereas their noncarcinogenic structural analogues pyrene, fluorene, and dimethylamine are not. The system has been shown to be useful in determining the interactive effects between physical and chemical agents, and in screening for mutagenicity of fractionated organic mixtures and industrial chemicals in both liquid and gaseous state. For the system to be used successfully in routine screening, further studies should be directed toward the development of a metabolic activation system suitable for a broad spectrum of chemicals, a sensitive and reliable statistical method, and an experimental design to determine compounds with low mutagenicity. The system has been expanded for determination of mutagen-induced chromosome aberration, sister-chromatid exchange, and micronucleus formation in addition to gene mutation and cytotoxicity; it can also be used to study inhibition of DNA synthesis. (ERB)
Kalman Filter based Detection and Mitigation of Subsynchronous Resonance with SSSC (2016)

In a long transmission line the use of static series synchronous compensation (SSSC) with fixed series capacitor enables fast control of power flow. There is a potential risk of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) due to the series capacitor. In this paper, we propose to use the Kalman filter (KF) for state estimation of subsynchronous components present in series compensated line and the mitigation of SSR. This novel KF based SSR damping controller is referred to as KF-damping controller. The design of KF-damping controller is based on the magnitude of damping torque in the range of torsional mode frequencies. We apply the genetic algorithm to optimize the controller parameters. The proposed KF-damping controller is highly frequency selective and effectively suppresses subsynchronous components of line current in the presence of close frequency oscillations. Analytical and simulation results at various system operating conditions demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed KF-damping controller in mitigating SSR.
Carnitine in muscle, serum, and urine of nonprofessional athletes: Effects of physical exercise, training, and L‐carnitine administration (1991)

Efficient utilization of fatty acids to sustain prolonged physical efforts is thought to be dependent on the carnitine shuttle of muscle. A study has been carried out in 24 athletes (13 long-distance runners and 11 sprinters). These subjects received placebo or L-carnitine (1 g/orally b.i.d.) during a 6-month period of training. In endurance athletes, training induced lowering of total and free muscle carnitine. Increase of esterified muscle carnitine was also observed. Post-exertional overflow of acetylcarnitine and long-chain acylcarnitine, as well as reduction of the free fraction was also noticed in the blood. Fasting plasma carnitine levels, however, were not affected in carnitine-treated athletes at rest. These changes were likely related with the significantly increased urinary excretion of esterified and total carnitine which occurred after physical exercise. In the sprinters only, a decrease in free and total carnitine of muscle was detected after training. Both these potentially unfavorable effects were prevented by oral administration of L-carnitine. Our data suggest that training in endurance athletes, and to a lesser extent, in sprinters, is associated with a decrease in free and total carnitine of muscle, due to an increased overflow of short-chain carnitine esters in urine.
Development of Aflatoxin B <sub>1</sub> -Lysine Adduct Monoclonal Antibody for Human Exposure Studies (2001)

Mouse monoclonal antibodies were developed against a synthetic aflatoxin B(1) (AFB)-lysine-cationized bovine serum albumin conjugate. The isotype of one of these antibodies, IIA4B3, has been classified as immunoglobulin G1(lambda). The affinity and specificity of IIA4B3 were further characterized by a competitive radioimmunoassay. The affinities of IIA4B3 for AFB and its associated adducts and metabolites are ranked as follows: AFB-lysine > 8,9-dihydro-8-(2,6-diamino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimid-5-yl formamido)-9-hydroxy-AFB > AFB = 8,9-dihydro-8-(N(7)-guanyl)-9-hydroxy-AFB > aflatoxin M(1) > aflatoxin Q(1). IIA4B3 had about a 10-fold higher affinity for binding to AFB-lysine adduct than to AFB when (3)H-AFB-lysine was used as the tracer. The concentration for 50% inhibition for AFB-lysine was 0.610 pmol; that for AFB was 6.85 pmol. IIA4B3 had affinities at least sevenfold and twofold higher than those of 2B11, a previously developed antibody against parent AFB, for the major aflatoxin-DNA adducts 8,9-dihydro-8-(N(7)-guanyl)-9-hydroxy-AFB and 8,9-dihydro-8-(2,6-diamino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimid-5-yl formamido)-9-hydroxy-AFB, respectively. An analytical method based on a competitive radioimmunoassay with IIA4B3 and (3)H-AFB-lysine was validated with a limit of detection of 10 fmol of AFB-lysine adduct. The method has been applied to the measurement of AFB-albumin adduct levels in human serum samples collected from the residents of areas at high risk for liver cancer.
Superconducting bulk magnets: Very high trapped fields and cracking (2001)

Improved trapped fields are reported for bulk melt-textured YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) material in the temperature range between 20 and 50 K. Trapped fields up to 12.2 T were obtained at 22 K on the surface of single YBCO disks (with Ag and Zn additions). In YBCO minimagnets, maximum trapped fields of 16 T (at 24 K) and of 11,2 T (at 47 K) were achieved using (Zn+Ag) and Zn additions, respectively. In all cases, the YBCO disks were encapsulated in steel tubes in order to reinforce the material against the large tensile stress acting during the magnetizing process and to avoid cracking. We observed cracking not only during the magnetizing process, but also as a consequence of flux jumps due to thermomagnetic instabilities in the temperature range betweeen 20 and 30 K.
Human immune responses to <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> characterized by protein microarray analysis (53.3) (2011)

Abstract This study aimed to determine the antibody and T cell responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) of healthy individuals in endemic areas, and recovered melioidosis patients in order to select candidate vaccine antigens. A protein microarray of 154 (B. pseudomallei) proteins was probed with plasma from healthy individuals (n=108) and recovered patients (n=72). The results showed that 27 proteins distinctively reacted with plasma from both groups suggesting that different responses occur following environmental exposure or clinical melioidosis. We also compared the responses according to their history of subsequent relapse and the average antibody response to BPSL2765 (putative OmpA family protein) was over 10 times higher in plasma from individuals who had only one episode of disease than those with recurrent melioidosis. A comparison of antibody and T-cell responses to five (B. pseudomallei) proteins revealed that BimA and flagellin induced responses which were similar between both groups but BPSS0530; a conserved hypothetical protein could induce T cell responses of healthy controls more than recovered melioidosis. By combining large scale antibody microarrays and assays of T cell mediated immunity, we have identified a panel of novel (B. pseudomallei) proteins which show distinct patterns of reactivity in different stages of human melioidosis. These proteins may be useful candidates for development of subunit based vaccines.