gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STEROIDAL SAPOGENINS. XV. EXPERIMENTS IN THE HECOGENIN SERIES (PART 3).<sup>1</sup> CONVERSION TO CORTISONE (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTEROIDAL SAPOGENINS. XV. EXPERIMENTS IN THE HECOGENIN SERIES (PART 3).1 CONVERSION TO CORTISONECarl Djerassi, Howard J. Ringold, and G. RosenkranzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 11, 5513–5514Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01155a578https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01155a578research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Different Mulching Treatments on Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Tomato (Var. Sioux)* (1972)

Different mulches like black polythene, saw dust and grass reduced the Actuations in soil temperature at 4 1/2 depth and retained more moisture than un-mulched plots. Black polythene retained more moisture over the rest of the mulches. Weeds were supressed to certain extent, black polythene was more efficient in this respect. The different mulching treatments did not have any effect on the growth of the plant but yields were significantly increased. Ridge and flat bed planting did not show any significant difference in soil properties, on weed control, growth of the plant, and yield of tomato.
Thermally Induced Ribonucleic Acid Degradation and Leakage of Substances from the Metabolic Pool in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1968)

The effects of temperatures of 50 and 60 C on log-phase and stationary-phase cell suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus are described. There is a leakage of free amino acids, protein, and 260 mmu-absorbing material from both types of cell suspension, and membrane damage, as measured by the intracellular penetration of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid, may be partially related to this leakage. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) degradation at any one temperature is virtually the same for both types of cell suspension, proceeding initially at a more rapid rate at 60 C than at 50 C. However, at the lower temperature, there is a secondary breakdown of RNA, which may be the result of enzyme action on a particularly labile RNA fraction. With stationary-phase cell suspensions heated in 1 m sucrose, there is a more rapid degradation of RNA at 60 C than with cells in water. The results are discussed in relation to the biochemical effects of moist heat on the organism.
Activation of the Inspiratory Intercostal Muscles by Electrical Stimulation of the Spinal Cord (1987)

Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord was evaluated as a method of activating the inspiratory intercostal muscles. Studies were performed in anesthetized dogs after hyperventilation-induced apnea. A stainless steel electrode, rubberized along its entire length except for 2 to 3 mm at the distal tip, was introduced epidurally onto the dorsal surface of the thoracic spinal cord. Stimulating electrodes were also placed in each hemidiaphragm. Intercostal electromyograms, inspired volume, and thoracoabdominal movements were monitored. The inspiratory capacity was determined in each animal as the volume required to achieve an airway pressure of +25 cm H2O during passive lung inflation. Spinal cord stimulation at the T2-T3 spinal level resulted in maximal inspired volume generation and electrical activation of the parasternal, external, and internal intercostal muscles of the upper and midrib cage regions as determined by electromyograms. Intrathoracic pressure swings increased progressively with increasing stimulus amplitude and frequency until plateaus were reached at 6 mA and 40 Hz, respectively. Postphrenicotomy spinal cord stimulation resulted in expansion of the rib cage and reduction in circumference of the abdominal compartment. Inspired volumes during spinal cord stimulation were 537 +/- 49 ml (prephrenicotomy, prone), 347 +/- 19.6 ml (postphrenicotomy, prone), and 303 +/- 30.6 ml (postphrenicotomy, supine). Bilateral diaphragm activation alone resulted in inspired volumes of 404 +/- 39 ml. Combined diaphragm and postphrenicotomy spinal cord stimulation (supine) resulted in an inspired volume of 712 +/- 72 ml, which approximated the inspiratory capacity (803 +/- 35 ml). Our results suggest that spinal cord stimulation may be a useful physiologic and clinical tool to produce coordinated contraction of the inspiratory intercostal muscles.
Evaluation of pupil center-eye corner vector for gaze estimation using a web cam (2012)

Low cost eye tracking is an actual challenging research topic for the eye tracking community. Gaze tracking based on a web cam and without infrared light is a searched goal to broaden the applications of eye tracking systems. Web cam based eye tracking results in new challenges to solve such as a wider field of view and a lower image quality. In addition, no infrared light implies that glints cannot be used anymore as a tracking feature. In this paper, a thorough study has been carried out to evaluate pupil (iris) center-eye corner (PC-EC) vector as feature for gaze estimation based on interpolation methods in low cost eye tracking, as it is considered to be partially equivalent to the pupil center-corneal reflection (PC-CR) vector. The analysis is carried out both based on simulated and real data. The experiments show that eye corner positions in the image move slightly when the user is looking at different points of the screen, even with a static head position. This lowers the possible accuracy of the gaze estimation, significantly reducing the accuracy of the system under standard working conditions to 2--3 degrees.
Fatty acid compositions of lipid fractions from vegetative cells and mature sorocarps of the cellular slime mold<i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (1977)

A wild-type strain of Dictyostelium discoideum was grown upon Aerobacter aerogenes. Fatty acid compositions of lipid fractions and of total lipids obtained from vegetative amoebae and mature sorocarps were compared. Fatty acids isolated from vegetative cells were found to include large quantities of 17- and 19-carbon cyclopropane fatty acids while straight-chain, saturated fatty acids represented only 10% (w/w) of total fatty acids. These cyclopropane fatty acids appear to be derived from ingested bacteria and are preferentially incorporated into neutral lipids of the slime mold. Development of amoebae to mature sorocarps is accompanied by a substantial decrease in cyclopropane fatty acid content and a concomitant increase in unsaturated fatty acids, mostly as octadeca-5,11-dienoic acid. The delta-22 stigmastenyl ester fraction is the richest source of this acid. Fully 65% of the fatty acids in this fraction are the octadecadienoate.
Lactate rise detected by 1H NMR in human visual cortex during physiologic stimulation. (1991)

Brain lactate concentration is usually assumed to be stable except when pathologic conditions cause a mismatch between glycolysis and respiration. Using newly developed 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques that allow measurement of lactate in vivo, we detected lactate elevations of 0.3-0.9 mM in human visual cortex during physiologic photic stimulation. The maximum rise appeared in the first few minutes; thereafter lactate concentration declined while stimulation continued. The results are consistent with a transient excess of glycolysis over respiration in the visual cortex, occurring as a normal response to stimulation in the physiologic range.
Recent advancement in AWG technology (2012)

Silicon photonics WDM filters are important building blocks of 100G transceivers and future on-chip communications between many cores. The tutorial talk deals with four kinds of WDM filters; they are, ring resonators, lattice-form filters, AWGs and planar Echelle gratings. Progress and technical challenges for these filter devices will be described.
Super-resolved polarisation-enhanced second harmonic generation for direct imaging of nanoscale changes in collagen architecture (2020)

Abstract Super-resolution (SR) optical microscopy has allowed the investigation of many biological structures below the diffraction limit, however, most of the techniques are hampered by the need for fluorescent labels. Non-linear label-free techniques such as Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) provide structurally specific contrast without the addition of exogenous labels, allowing observation of unperturbed biological systems. Here we achieve super-resolution SHG (SR-SHG) for the first time. We use the photonic nanojet (PNJ) phenomena to achieve a resolution of ~λ/6 with respect to the fundamental wavelength, a ~2.7-fold improvement over diffraction-limited SHG under the same imaging conditions. Crucially we find that the polarisation properties of excitation are maintained in a PNJ allowing the resolution to be further enhanced by detection of polarisation-resolved SHG (p-SHG) by observing anisotropy in signals. These new findings allowed us to visualise biological SHG-active structures such as collagen at an unprecedented and previously unresolvable spatial scale. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of an array of self-assembled high-index spheres overcomes the issue of a limited field of view for such a method, allowing PNJ-assisted SR-SHG to be used over a large area. Dysregulation of collagen at the nanoscale occurs in many diseases and is an underlying cause in diseases such as lung fibrosis. Here we are able to demonstrate that pSR-SHG allows unprecedented observation of changes at the nanoscale that are invisible by conventional diffraction-limited SHG imaging. The ability to non-destructively image SHG-active biological structures without labels at the nanoscale with a relatively simple optical method heralds the promise of a new tool to understand biological phenomena and drive drug discovery.
On the granularity and clustering of directed acyclic task graphs (1993)

The authors consider the impact of the granularity on scheduling task graphs. Scheduling consists of two parts, the processors assignment of tasks, also called clustering, and the ordering of tasks for execution in each processor. The authors introduce two types of clusterings: nonlinear and linear clusterings. A clustering is nonlinear if two parallel tasks are mapped in the same cluster otherwise it is linear. Linear clustering fully exploits the natural parallelism of a given directed acyclic task graph (DAG) while nonlinear clustering sequentializes independent tasks to reduce parallelism. The authors also introduce a new quantification of the granularity of a DAG and define a coarse grain DAG as the one whose granularity is greater than one. It is proved that every nonlinear clustering of a coarse grain DAG can be transformed into a linear clustering that has less or equal parallel time than the nonlinear one. This result is used to prove the optimality of some important linear clusterings used in parallel numerical computing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cotton messenger RNA sequences exist in both polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated forms. (1981)

The physical characteristics and sequence content of polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated messenger RNAs were determined in total and polysomal RNAs isolated from cotton cotyledons after 24 h of germination. RNAs were fractionated on the basis of their poly(A) content by passage through poly(U)-agarose. The mass average size of poly(A) is 112 +/- 4 nucleotides in total RNA and 81 +/- 3 nucleotides in polysomal RNA. Less than 2% of the poly(A) tracts are between 5-15 nucleotides in length. The mass average length of recovered polyadenylated mRNAs from either RNA is 1600 nucleotides. In vitro translation of the RNAs in the wheat germ system and hybridization of the RNAs with complementary DNAs confirmed the physical estimates of their absolute amounts. About 3.3% of the high molecular weight RNA in the tissue is mRNA, of which 40% is on polysomes. Abut 45% of the polysomal mRNA and 75% of the nonpolysomal mRNA is polyadenylated. These mRNAs are transcribed from nonrepetitive DNA. Both techniques unambiguously demonstrate that all mRNA populations contain the same sequences in about the same relative concentration. At this point of development in this tissue, differential polyadenylation or entry into polysomes cannot be specific for particular mRNA sequences.
: <i>God, Man and Satan.</i> (1960)

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Monolithic glass block lasercom terminal: hardware proof of concept and test results (1995)

We summarize a compact lasercom terminal implementation based on a previously described system concept, and report on measurements made on a prototype optical system built on internal MITRE funds. This paper discusses the fabrication and test of an innovative hardware proof-of-concept for an advanced satellite lasercom terminal with a ten-fold size, weight, and production cost reduction over current practice. We have built and tested a proof-of-concept of the optics portion of a full duplex `monolithic glass block' (MGB) lasercom terminal. The complete MGB optical system is only 6' X 4' X 0.5' and weighs less than a pound. A complete terminal which includes a 3 - 4 inch telescope and gimbal could be implemented for as little as 15 - 30 pounds. The optical system test results are reported. Our approach uses emerging technologies and a highly integrated system design, based on representative system requirements for satellite crosslinks. Technology evaluation and system trades led to a novel optics design for a lasercom terminal, based on thin film coatings and half-inch glass cubes. The emerging photonic technologies employed include liquid crystals for solid state switching, automatic gain control, and microradian alignment; multi-layer dielectric films for optical bandpass filters, dichroic separation, and polarization control; semiconductor lasers with microlens optics; and an original design where all the optics are realized in planar thin films incorporated on small glass substrates, nominally one-half inch in size. These glass cubes are permanently bonded together to form a monolithic ensemble. Hence, we have coined this implementation the monolithic glass block (MGB) approach. Fused silica is used throughout for reasons of superb radiation resistance and thermal stability. The thin film filters, switches, and polarizers perform all the necessary functions in collimated light. This approach is feasible because the optical paths have been dramatically reduced to eliminate the need for relay optics, and the design has been refined such that the entire optical assembly is implemented with a single lens for each laser transmitter for beamforming, and a single lens for each receiver for imaging. The collimated optics design and MGB approach results in greatly relaxed fabrication, alignment, and assembly requirements, which are dominant schedule and cost drivers in the implementation of current lasercom terminal designs.
Role of hydrogen peroxide in the cytotoxicity of the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system (1988)

1. The survival of mammalian epithelial cells exposed in vitro to the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or serum-containing medium (SCMEM) was investigated. 2. The cytotoxic effect observed depended on the composition of the medium in which the enzymic reaction was carried out; a surviving fraction of 5 x 10(-5) was found for cells exposed in PBS and 5.2 x 10(-1) for those in SCMEM. 3. The cytotoxic product(s) formed by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system was relatively stable in PBS; survival of cells incubated after completion of the enzymic reaction was always less than that found for cells exposed during the reaction in the same system. 4. Superoxide dismutase or mannitol present during the enzymic reaction did not inhibit the cytotoxic effect. 5. NaN3 (a single-oxygen quencher and a catalase inhibitor) added to the system in SCMEM caused a reduction in survival to the level observed for cells exposed to the enzymic reaction in PBS. 6. Catalase completely protected cells, but no protection was observed when both catalase and NaN3 were present in the reaction mixture. 7. A similar cytotoxic effect was produced when cells were treated with H2O2 alone. 8. The rate of H2O2 decomposition in medium was accelerated by the presence of serum, but this was completely inhibited by NaN3. 9. It is concluded that H2O2 is the major cytotoxic product formed by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system.
Phospholipase C cDNAs from sponge and hydra: antiquity of genes involved in the inositol phospholipid signaling pathway<sup>1</sup> (1998)

To know whether or not the set of genes involved in the inositol phospholipid signaling pathway already existed in the early evolution of animals, we carried out cloning of cDNAs encoding phospholipase Cs (PLCs) from Ephydatia fluviatilis (freshwater sponge) and Hydra magnipapillata strain 105 (hydra). We isolated two PLC cDNAs, PLC-betaS and PLC-gammaS, from sponge and three cDNAs, PLC-betaH1, PLC-betaH2, and PLC-deltaH, from hydra. From the domain organization and the divergence pattern in the PLC family tree, the sponge PLC-betaS and PLC-gammaS and the hydra PLC-deltaH are possibly homologous to the vertebrate PLC-beta, PLC-gamma and PLC-delta subtypes, respectively. A detailed phylogenetic analysis suggests that the hydra PLC-betaH1 and PLC-betaH2 are homologs of the vertebrate PLC-beta1/2/3/Drosophila PLC21 and the vertebrate PLC-beta4/Drosophila norpA, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of the PLC family and the protein kinase C (PKC) family, together with that of the G protein alpha subunit (Galpha) family, revealed that the origin of the set of genes G(alpha)q, PLC, PKC involved in the inositol phospholipid signaling pathway is very old, going back to dates before the parazoan-eumetazoan split, the earliest branching among extant animal phyla.
Chemistry of Periodate-Mediated Cross-Linking of 3,4-Dihydroxylphenylalanine-Containing Molecules to Proteins (2006)

Chemical cross-linking is an attractive approach to map peptide-protein and protein-protein complexes. Previously, we explored 3,4-dihydroxylphenylalanine (DOPA) as a protein cross-linking agent upon periodate oxidation (Burdine, L.; Gillette, T. G.; Lin, H.-J.; Kodadek, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 11442-11443). We report here a study on the chemistry of DOPA-protein cross-linking. First, using a peptide nucleic acid templated system, we identified the alpha-amino, epsilon-amino of Lys, imidazole of His, and thiol of Cys as functional groups capable of attacking DOPA ortho-quinone. Second, we demonstrated that periodate-induced DOPA-protein cross-linking could be carried out efficiently at neutral pH in the presence of excess aliphatic 1,2-diols such as ethylene glycol, lactose, and adenosine triphosphate. This result indicated that DOPA-protein cross-linking and 1,2-diol oxidative cleavage proceed via different mechanisms and that carbohydrates will not interfere with this process when carried out in crude cell extracts or on intact cells.
<i>In vitro</i>efficacy of the novel peptide CECT7121 against bacteria isolated from mastitic dairy cattle (2009)

There is urgent global interest in the development of natural alternatives for the control and prevention of mastitis. Confirmation of the in vitro activity of the novel AP-CECT7121 against Gram-positive isolates encourages further research.
Low-Order and Causal Twisted-Pair Cable Modeling by Means of the Hilbert Transform (2009)

A new low‐order and causal twisted‐pair cable model for the copper access network is derived. From the serial resistance of the widely used, but non‐causal, BT0 model, the serial inductance is computed via the Hilbert transform. By doing so, a causal cable model is obtained containing fewer parameters compared to the BT0 model. The deviation between the two models is evaluated for the standardized ETSI cables.
Model-Driven Domain Analysis and Software Development: Architectures and Functions (2010)

"This book displays how to effectively map and respond to the real-world challenges and purposes which software must solve, covering domains such as mechatronic, embedded and high risk systems, where failure could cost human lives" - Provided by publisher
Elevated CXCL1 expression in gp130-deficient endothelial cells impairs neutrophil migration in mice (2013)

Neutrophils emigrate from venules to sites of infection or injury in response to chemotactic gradients. How these gradients form is not well understood. Some IL-6 family cytokines stimulate endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules and chemokines that recruit leukocytes. Receptors for these cytokines share the signaling subunit gp130. We studied knockout mice lacking gp130 in endothelial cells. Unexpectedly, gp130-deficient endothelial cells constitutively expressed more CXCL1 in vivo and in vitro, and even more upon stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α. Mobilization of this increased CXCL1 from intracellular stores to the venular surface triggered β2 integrin-dependent arrest of neutrophils rolling on selectins but impaired intraluminal crawling and transendothelial migration. Superfusing CXCL1 over venules promoted neutrophil migration only after intravenously injecting mAb to CXCL1 to diminish its intravascular function or heparinase to release CXCL1 from endothelial proteoglycans. Remarkably, mice lacking gp130 in endothelial cells had impaired histamine-induced venular permeability, which was restored by injecting anti-P-selectin mAb to prevent neutrophil rolling and arrest. Thus, excessive CXCL1 expression in gp130-deficient endothelial cells augments neutrophil adhesion but hinders migration, most likely by disrupting chemotactic gradients. Our data define a role for endothelial cell gp130 in regulating integrin-dependent adhesion and de-adhesion of neutrophils during inflammation.
Predictors of Scapular Notching in Patients Managed with the Delta III Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement (2007)

Inferior scapular notching after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty adversely affects the intermediate-term clinical outcome. It can be prevented by optimal positioning of the glenoid component.