gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Duocarmycin A, <i>epi</i>-(+)-Duocarmycin A, and Their Unnatural Enantiomers (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEnantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Duocarmycin A, epi-(+)-Duocarmycin A, and Their Unnatural EnantiomersDale L. Boger, Jeffrey A. McKie, Takahide Nishi, and Tsuyoshi OgikuView Author Information Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10666 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9, 2301–2302Publication Date (Web):March 6, 1996Publication History Received9 November 1995Published online6 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953777ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953777erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2680Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Condensation,Kinetics,Molecular structure,Thermodynamics Get e-Alerts
A Suitable AST Node Granularity and Multi-Kernel Transfer Convolutional Neural Network for Cross-Project Defect Prediction (2020)

Cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) is a feasible way to perform software defect prediction (SDP) when lacking historical data. Recent CPDP approaches have employed deep learning techniques to better exploit the information from the program's abstract syntax trees (ASTs). However, the granularity of the AST nodes and the data distribution difference between projects may have negative impacts on the prediction performance, which many CPDP studies didn't take into consideration. To handle these issues, this paper explores a better AST node granularity and proposes a CPDP framework based on multi-kernel transfer convolutional neural networks. Specifically, for AST node granularity, we explore the difference of three AST node granularities and then compare the prediction performance of each granularity on several prediction models. For the CPDP framework, we first parse the program source code into ASTs and then encode the AST nodes into numerical vectors using the embedding technique. Secondly, to mine transferable semantic features, the encoded ASTs are fed into a convolutional neural network, in which a multi-kernel matching layer is added to minimize the data distribution divergence between the source and target project. Finally, to make use of the information from the handcrafted features, the semantic features mined from the AST are joint with handcrafted features to form the joint features for CPDP. We evaluate our approach on 110 CPDP tasks formed by 11 open-source projects and results show that the proposed CPDP method outperforms most deep learning-based approaches.
Integration of flood forecasting model with the web-based system for improving flood monitoring, and the alert system (2011)

Limited flood disaster information causes insufficient justification for public awareness, therefore, improving flood practice management is needed. This paper applies the flood forecasting model and atmospheric model to identify rainfall distribution and to investigate the threshold values for alert system. The entire system aims to improve flood monitoring, information distribution and an alert system. The geospatial web based system is established to facilitate public awareness by allocating information in timely manner without cumbersome software installation.
Towards building a fault tolerant and conflict-free distributed file system for mobile clients (2006)

The rising demand for mobile computing has created a need for improved file system that supports mobile clients. Current file systems with support for mobility provide availability through file replicas that are cached at the client side. However, mobile clients may experience different obstacles in regard to the local cache, such as the limited network bandwidth, the intermittent connection, and serious conflicts when synchronizing back to the server, to mention a few. In this paper, we propose a novel fault tolerant and conflict free distributed file system for mobile clients, which provides high available and reliable storage for files and guarantees that file operations are executed in spite of concurrency and failures. The design is intended to fit mobile clients (e.g., PDAs and cell phones) that have limited storage space and can not store all data they need, yet they require to access these data at all times. We present our mobile file system model, describe its implementation, and report on its performance evaluation using an extensive set of simulation experiments. Our results indicate clearly that our model exhibits a significant degree of automation and conflict-free mobile file system.
Functional roles of CCL5/RANTES in liver disease (2020)

Inflammation, which is mediated by leukocyte trafficking and activation, plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic liver injury. Chemokines are critical mediators involved in the migration of leukocytes into the diseased liver via binding to their G protein-coupled receptors. C–C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) belongs to the CC-chemokine family and is secreted by several hepatic cell populations including hepatocytes, macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, and endothelial cells upon activation. CCL5 regulates the recruitment and migration of T cells (via CCR5) and NK cells (via CCR1). Moreover, CCL5 activates and stimulates T cell proliferation and cytokine production, sequentially regulating inflammatory responses. Accumulating studies have identified crucial effects of CCL5 both in liver-disease patients and in experimental models, in which CCL5 is elevated and displays distinct effects according to pathological conditions. In this review, we discussed the crucial functions of CCL5 in liver diseases, including acute liver failure, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute liver failure, acute and viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Continued understanding the roles of CCL5 in liver disease and their mechanisms of activation are indispensable for the development of effective clinical therapeutics.
Chemical constitution and anthelmintic activity. II. Preparation of some analogues of Phenothiazine (1955)

A convenient synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzo-1,4-thiazine has been developed, and the preparation of a number of substituted diphenylamines, phenothiazines, and phenoselenazines is described.
Mutagenicity of carcinogenic mycotoxins in Salmonella typhimurium. (1978)

Abstract Fifteen mycotoxins and two chemically modified toxins were tested for mutagenic ability in the His + revertant assay with the use of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. Bisfuranoid mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B 1 , aflatoxin G 1 , sterigmatocystin, and O -acetylsterigmatocystin were positive in the routine test method, and epoxide mycotoxins such as PR-toxin and crotocin were positive only when the test strains were preincubated with the mycotoxins in the presence of the fortified S-9 (supernatant fraction, 9000 × g for 20 min). Anthraquinoid hepatocarcinogens such as (-)-luteoskyrin and (+)-rugulosin; lactones such as citrinin, penicillic acid, and patulin; and chlorinated carcinogens such as chloropeptide and griseofulvin were negative in the routine and preincubation assay methods. Fusarium mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and zearalenone also failed to demonstrate mutagenicity. However, among the trichothecene mycotoxins, crotocin, a bis-epoxide trichothecene, enhanced the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B 1 . In vitro supplement of glutathione to the S-9 mixture enhanced the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B 1 , and prior administration of various hepatotoxic agents to rats reduced the S-9-dependent mutagenicity of aflatoxin B 1 . Organ and species variations of aflatoxin B 1 mutagenicity were examined and their microsomal oxygenase activities were discussed.
Percolation phenomena of field grading materials made of two kinds of filler (2002)

Electrical properties of the composites made with polybutadiene as a binder resin and SiC and/or Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ as filler have been studied. It has been found that the percolation threshold p/sub c/ of Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ of the composite made with SiC, Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ and resin increases with the volume fraction of SiC. It has been suggested that blobs, dead ends and loops on the percolating paths formed by SiC particles prevent the clusters of Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ from growing to be a percolating path. Thus, more loading of SiC leads to larger percolating threshold p/sub c/ of Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/.
A peptide with three hyaluronan binding motifs inhibits tumor growth and induces apoptosis. (2003)

A number of hyaluronan (HA) binding proteins such as soluble CD44, receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM), and metastatin inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. To determine whether the HA binding motif is the element responsible for the antitumor effect of this family of proteins, we examined the biological activity of a 42-amino acid peptide (designated as BH-P) that contains three HA binding motifs [B(X(7))B] from human brain HA binding protein. In initial experiments with cultured cells, we found that synthetic BH-P inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of tumor cells. It also blocked the growth of tumors on the chorioallantoic membranes of 10-day chicken embryos. In addition, MDA-435 melanoma cells that had been transfected with an expression vector for BH-P grew at a slower rate in nude mice than the vector-alone transfectants. Final studies revealed that the BH-P could activate caspase-8, caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and trigger the apoptosis of tumor cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the HA binding motif that is present in HA binding proteins may be responsible for the antitumor effect exerted by the members of this family.
SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AND THE SPAWNING HABITAT OF YELLOW PERCH,<i>PERCA FLAVESCENS</i> (1997)

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) strongly influences the underwater levels of potentially damaging solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in freshwater lakes. Even so, little is known about how DOC-related variation in UVR may influence natural populations and communities in lakes. Past studies of fish recruitment have emphasized the importance of temperature, food limitation, and predation in controlling year-class strength in fish. Here we report that high UVR levels in low-DOC lakes also may modify the spawning depth, hatching success, and thus recruitment of certain freshwater fishes. We examined how UVR influences the spawning habitat and hatching success of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) eggs in two lakes with different DOC levels and thus different UVR environments. Yellow perch eggs were incubated at the same depth (0.8 m) in quartz tubes (with mesh ends for water exchange) in both lakes in a modified reciprocal transplant experiment. Solar radiation was manipulated to provide three treatments that included exposure to full solar radiation (quartz alone), shielding from UV-B with wavelength selective filters (Mylar D), and dark controls that removed all wavelengths of solar radiation. All eggs in the light treatments in the high-UVR lake perished, whereas survival to hatching of eggs in all treatments in the low-UVR lake and in the dark controls in the high-UVR lake were ≥96%. Survival time in the high-UVR lake was longer in UV-B-shielded than in fully exposed (quartz) treatments, and eggs collected from the high-UVR lake survived longer than those collected from the low-UVR lake in identical UVR treatments. A survey of natural spawning depths in the two lakes revealed a much deeper spawning depth in the high-UVR lake (median = 3.2 m) than in the low-UVR lake (median = 0.4 m). Deeper spawning depths in the high-UVR lake suggest that yellow perch can avoid direct UVR damage in low-DOC lakes. DOC and hence UVR in lakes may be altered by both anthropogenic and natural disturbances in the surrounding watershed, suggesting that these disturbances may have consequences for the spawning habitat of fish.
How Do Maternal Risk Factors Affect Children in Low-Income Families? (2002)

SUMMARY This longitudinal study examines the role of depressive symptoms and low literacy among mothers receiving welfare in predicting outcomes for both parents and children (mothers' psychological and employment-related outcomes and children's development across multiple domains). For African-American single mothers (n = 351), depressive symptoms in mothers are an important predictor of their later psychological well-being, while maternal literacy affects both their participation in welfare-to-work activities and later employment. An analysis of the academic functioning of children found a main effect for maternal literacy. Maternal literacy also significantly interacted with maternal depression. The children of mothers with a greater number of depressive symptoms had less favorable cognitive achievement outcomes when their mothers also had low literacy. Structural equation models indicate that parenting behavior mediates the relationship between depressive symptoms, literacy and later child outcomes. Among mothers with low literacy the pathways linking depressive symptoms, parenting, and child outcomes are stronger.
Synthesis of Phenyl‐ and Benzyl‐Substituted Pyrrolidines and of a Piperidine by Intramolecular <i>C</i>‐Alkylation. Synthons for tricyclic skeletons (1981)

Abstract The construction of new or novelly functionalized annulated and bridged tricylic compounds by two consecutive C,C‐bond formations (a and b in la , Scheme 1 ) is described. In a first step, chloroalkyl‐substituted aminonitriles yielded pyrrolidines 8 , 15a , 15b , 23 , 25 and piperidine 18 by carbanionic ring closure ( Schemes 5, 6, 7 and 8 ). Subsequent Friedel‐Crafts cyclization transformed the β‐aminonitriles 8 , 15a , 15b , and 18 either directly or via their carboxylic acid derivatives to the indeno [ 1, 2 ‐c] pyrrole , 2 , 5 ‐ methano ‐ 3 ‐ benzazocine , benz [ f ] isoindoline and 1 , 4 ‐ ethano ‐ 2 ‐ benzazapine skeletons 11 , 16a , 16b and 21 , respectively ( Schemes 5, 6 and 7 ). By classical ring expansion reactions the pyrrolo [ 3 , 4 ‐ c ] isoquinoline and benzopyrano ‐[ 3 , 4 ‐c] pyrrole skeletons 28 resp. 31 were obtained from 11 ( Scheme 9 ).
Enhancing H<sub>2</sub> Uptake by “Close‐Packing” Alignment of Open Copper Sites in Metal–Organic Frameworks (2008)

Open and close: Inspired by close-packing of spheres, to strengthen the framework–H2 interaction in MOFs (metal-organic frameworks), a strategy is devised to increase the number of nearest neighboring open metal sites of each H2-hosting cage, and to align the open metal sites toward the H2 molecules. Two MOF polymorphs were made, one exhibiting a record high hydrogen uptake of 3.0 wt % at 1 bar and 77 K. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z802087_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Viscosity-matched P2O5-SiO2 core single-mode fiber (1997)

CT-derived ECV showed an excellent correlation and mean difference of <1% with CMR-derived ECV. However, the overall quality of the included studies was low, and larger, prospective studies are needed to examine the accuracy and diagnostic and prognostic utility of CT-derived ECV.
Can gene delivery close the door to HIV‐1 entry after escape? (2006)

We will describe current HIV-1 vector-delivered genetic disruption mechanisms that target HIV-1 chemokine coreceptors, such as RNA interference, ribozymes, zinc fingers, intrakines, and intrabodies, and frame the use of these gene delivery chemokine receptor disruption mechanisms in the context of current small molecule blocker/antagonists of CCR5 and CXCR4. In addition, we will discuss the importance of evaluating HIV-1 vector-delivered viral entry prevention mechanisms in the rhesus macaque SIV non-human primate model in regard to pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation Reaction Using a Bifunctional Allylic Alkylating Agent. (1989)

Abstract 1,3‐Diacetoxy‐2‐methylenepropane (I) reacts with the 2,3‐diacetylsuccinate (II) in the presence of a Pd catalyst and N,O‐bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide to form the methylenecyclopentane (III).
Highly reduced organometallics. 28. Synthesis, isolation, and characterization of [K(cryptand 2.2.2)]2[Hf(CO)6], the first substance to contain hafnium in a negative oxidation state. Structural characterization of [K(cryptand 2.2.2)]2[M(CO)6].cntdot.pyridine (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf) (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly reduced organometallics. 28. Synthesis, isolation, and characterization of [K(cryptand 2.2.2)]2[Hf(CO)6], the first substance to contain hafnium in a negative oxidation state. Structural characterization of [K(cryptand 2.2.2)]2[M(CO)6].cntdot.pyridine (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf)John E. Ellis and Kai Ming ChiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 16, 6022–6025Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00172a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00172a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Comparison of americium-241 and technetium-99m as transmission sources for attenuation correction of thallium-201 SPECT imaging of the heart. (1994)

Based on the measured data, 241Am is a suitable transmission source for simultaneous transmission-emission tomography for 201Tl cardiac studies.
Methylsulfur Trichloride<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethylsulfur Trichloride1Kay Robert Brower and Irwin B. DouglassCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 12, 5787–5789Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01156a091RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (442 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Steam Turbine Overspeed Control and Behavior During System Disturbances (1981)

System disturbances involving partial load rejection may cause turbine overspeed control action. To provide information necessary to evaluate power plant transients during such disturbances, this tutorial paper reviews the typical normal overspeed control functions on GE reheat steam turbines with either Electro-Hydraulic Control or Mechanical-Hydraulic Control. Normal overspeed control is related to speed control and the overspeed trip. The characteristic behavior of normal overspeed control is shown for full load rejections and a representative partial load rejection. Enhancement of power plant partial load rejection capability by considering combined turbine-boiler dynamic behavior is discussed.
A Low-Power Single-Bit Continuous-Time ΔΣ Converter with 92.5 dB Dynamic Range for Biomedical Applications (2012)

A third-order single-bit CT-ΔΣ modulator for generic biomedical applications is implemented in a 0.15 µm FDSOI CMOS process. The overall power efficiency is attained by employing a single-bit ΔΣ and a subthreshold FDSOI process. The loop-filter coefficients are determined using a systematic design centering approach by accounting for the integrator non-idealities. The single-bit CT-ΔΣ modulator consumes 110 µW power from a 1.5 V power supply when clocked at 6.144 MHz. The simulation results for the modulator exhibit a dynamic range of 94.4 dB and peak SNDR of 92.4 dB for 6 kHz signal bandwidth. The figure of merit (FoM) for the third-order, single-bit CT-ΔΣ modulator is 0.271 pJ/level.