gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space Propulsion Analysis and Design (1995)

List of Authors and Editors Preface Chapter 1 Introduction to Space Propulsion 1.1 Rocket Fundamentals 1.2 The Design Process Chapter 2 Mission Analysis 2.1 Keplerian Orbits 2.2 Orbit Perturbations 2.3 Orbit Maneuvering 2.4 Launch Windows 2.5 Orbit Maintenance 2.6 Earth to Orbit Chapter 3 Thermodynamics of Fluid Flow 3.1 Mass Transfer 3.2 Thermodynamic Relations (Energy and Entropy) 3.3 Thrust Equations 3.4 Heat Addition 3.5 HEat Transfer 3.6 Design Example-Cold-Gas Thruster Chapter 4 Thermochemistry 4.1 The Chemical Heat Source: Bond Energy 4.2 Thermochemistry Basics 4.3 Products of Combustion 4.4 Flame Temperature: The Available-Heat Method 4.5 Chemical Kinetics: The Speed of the Chemical Reactions 4.6 Combustion of Liquids vs.Solids 4.7 Propellant Characteristics and Their Implications 4.8 Key Thermochemical Parameters: The Bottom Line Chapter 5 Liquid Rocket Propulsion Systems 5.1 History 5.2 Design Process 5.3 Preliminary Design Decisions 5.4 System Sizing, Design, and Trade-off 5.5 Case Study Chapter 6 Solid Rocket Motors 6.1 Background 6.2 Design Process 6.3 Preliminary Sizing 6.4 Solid Rocket Propellants 6.5 Performance Prediction 6.6 Case Study Chapter 7 Hybrid Rocket Propulsion Systems 7.1 History 7.2 Hybrid-Motor Ballistics 7.3 Design Process 7.4 Preliminary Design Decisions 7.5 Performance Estimate 7.6 Preliminary Component Design 7.7 Case Study Chapter 8 Nuclear Rocket Propulsion Systems 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Design Process 8.3 Preliminary Design Decisions 8.4 Size the Reactor 8.5 Size the Radiation Shield 8.6 Evaluate Vehicle Operation 8.7 Case Study Chapter 9 Electric Rocket Propulsion Systems 9.1 History and Status 9.2 Design Process 9.3 Specify the Mission 9.4 Select an Electric Thruster 9.5 Select Space Power 9.6 Assess System Performance 9.7 Evaluate the System 9.8 Case Study Chapter 10 Mission Design Case Study 10.1 Define Mission Requirements 10.2 Develop Criteria to Evaluate and Select a System 10.3 Develop Alternative Mission Concepts 10.4 Define the Vehicle System and Select Potential Technologies 10.5 Develop Preliminary Designs for the Propulsion System 10.6 Assess Designs and Configurations 10.7 Compare Designs and Choose the Best Option Chapter 11 Advanced Propulsion Systems 11.1 Air-Augmented Rockets 11.2 Rocket Advancements 11.3 Nonrocket Advancements 11.4 Interstellar Flight Appendix A Units and Conversions Factors Appendix B Thermochemical Data for Selected Propellants Appendix C Launch Vehicles and Staging Index
Multiple Match Resolvers: A New Design Method (1974)

After a brief review of alternative techniques, this correspondence presents an approach to multiple-match resolver design which is significantly faster than ones which have hitherto been published. The approach involves the repeated use of a standard functional block to build resolver tree structures capable of generating addresses or logic vectors. Several example designs are shown to illustrate the concept, but the basic intent is to provide a method which can be used effectively under many logic family and physical constraints. For activity vectors of N bits, the scheme produces resolvers with speeds of around log2 N unit gate propagation delays.
Human ALX receptor regulates neutrophil recruitment in transgenic mice: roles in inflammation and host defense (2003)

Signaling pathways instrumental in the temporal and spatial progression of acute inflammation toward resolution are of wide interest. Here a transgenic mouse with myeloid-selective expression of human lipoxin A4 receptor (hALX) was prepared and used to evaluate in vivo the effect of hALX expression. hALX-transfected HEK293 cells transmitted LXA4 signals that inhibit TNFalpha-induced NFkappaB activation. Transgenic FvB mice were generated by DNA injections of a 3.8 kb transgene consisting of the full-length hALX cDNA driven by a fragment of the hCD11b promoter. When topically challenged via dermal ear skin, hALX transgenic mice gave attenuated neutrophil infiltration (approximately 80% reduction) in response to leukotriene B4 (LTB4) plus prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as well as approximately 50% reduction in PMN infiltrates (P<0.02) to receptor-bypass inflammation evoked by phorbol ester. The hALX transgenic mice gave markedly decreased PMN infiltrates to the peritoneum with zymosan and altered the dynamics of this response. Transgenic hALX mice displayed increased sensitivity with >50% reduction in PMN infiltrates to suboptimal doses (10 ng/mouse) of the ligand lipoxin A4 stable analog compared with <10% reduction of PMN in nontransgenic littermates. Soluble mediators generated within the local inflammatory milieu of hALX mice showed diminished ability to activate the proinflammatory transcription factor NFkappaB. Analyses of the lipid-derived mediators from exudates using LC-MS tandem mass spectroscopy indicated an altered profile in hALX transgenic mice that included lower levels of LTB4 and increased amounts of lipoxin A4 compared with nontransgenic littermates. Together these results demonstrate a gain-of-function with hALX transgenic mouse and indicate that ALX is a key receptor and sensor in formation of acute exudates and their resolution.
Advanced flash memory reliability (2004)

With reference to the mainstream technology, the most relevant failure mechanisms that affect reliability of Flash memory are reviewed, showing the primary role played by tunnel oxide defects. The degradation of device. performance induced by program/erase cycling is discussed, specifically for what concern the leakage that affect a very small fraction of memory cells after cycling. The dependence of the leakage on tunnel oxide thickness, number of cycles, and temperature is analyzed. The leakage current is explained by trap-assisted tunneling involving one, two or more traps, with decreasing occurrence probability. Finally, data are presented showing the robustness of scaled Flash memory to alpha particles and electromagnetic radiation.
Experimental demonstration of a PMD compensator with a step control algorithm (2001)

Numerical study and experimental characterization of a two-section polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensator suggest a simple feedback algorithm to obtain PMD compensation. The experimental results of compensated optical pulses are reported.
The role of tryptase and anti-type II collagen antibodies in the pathogenesis of idiopathic epiretinal membranes (2015)

In the pathogenesis of ERM, increased vitreal tryptase activity may be involved in tissue fibrosis, and elevated serum anti-IIC antibodies may lead to an immune response at the vitreoretinal interface, thus resulting in membrane formation.
The Preservatives Ethyl-, Propyl- and Butylparaben are Oestrogenic in an in vivo Fish Assay (2000)

The widely used phenolic preservatives ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben and their common metabolite p-hydroxybenzoic acid were tested for their ability to evoke an oestrogenic response in vivo. Yolk protein induction in sexually immature rainbow trout was used as an oestrogen-specific endpoint after repeated injections of the compounds. All tested parabens were oestrogenic in doses between 100 and 300 mg/kg, while the metabolite showed no activity. Ethylparaben was found to be approximately sixty times weaker than propyl- and butylparaben which had oestrogenic potencies comparable to those previously found for bisphenol A.
Advection and Mixing in a Single Screw Extruder- An Analytical Model (2003)

We analyze the advection of massless particles carried by a high viscosity fluid set in motion in a long channel of rectangular cross section and covered by an infinite plate moving at constant velocity. In the limit of zero Reynolds number this creeping flow can be solved analytically. Our solution differs from the classical analytical solution of the unwound single-screw extruder with respect to the cross-sectional flow. In particular, we find a stagnant elliptical point. We analyze distributive mixing by calculating the time evolution of Renyi entropies for the minor component.
Mathematical Model for the Scale-Inhibitor Squeeze Process Based on the Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm (1993)

SUMMARY This paper presents a mathematical model for the scale inhibitor squeeze process. This particular model incorporates the Langmuir adsorption isotherm to describe retention/release of the inhibitor with the reservoir rock. This complements a previous, similar squeeze model based instead on the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The analytical solution for a simplified version of both models requires only minimal computational effort. Both models calculate the scale inhibitor concentration in the produced brine versus the cumulative produced water volume (and hence the squeeze lifetime). The Langmuir-based model appears to describe inhibitor return data and squeeze lifetime better for reservoirs containing a significant amount of clays and carbonate minerals. The Freundlich-based model better matches field data from cleaner formations such as are found in the North Sea. Similar to the previous model, the Langmuir-based formulation illustrates the importance of the retention/release properties on squeeze lifetime. Parameter studies indicate the total amount of inhibitor injected is the most important design parameter controlling squeeze lifetime.
Properties of Sn‐Doped In2 O 3 Films Prepared by RF Sputtering (1975)

An rf sputtering process was used without postdeposition annealing to prepare Sn-doped In/sub 2/O/sub 3/ films with low electrical resistivity (down to 2 x 10/sup -4/ ohm-cm), high visible transmission, and high infrared reflectivity (up to 93 percent at 10 ..mu..m) for applications as transparent conductors and heat mirrors. Substrate heating is accomplished entirely by the electron bombardment intrinsic to rf sputtering, rather than by using an auxiliary resistance heater. The film properties improve with increasing substrate temperature up to 650/sup 0/C, the maximum employed, and are relatively independent of other sputtering parameters. The electrical and optical properties of the films do not depend significantly on the crystallographic orientation, degree of texture, or substrate material.
On the Evaluation of Powers and Monomials (1980)

Let $y_1 , \cdots ,y_p $ be monomials over the indeterminates $x_1 , \cdots ,x_q $. For every $y = (y_1 , \cdots ,y_p )$ there is some minimum number $L(y)$ of multiplications sufficient to compute $y_1 , \cdots ,y_p $ from $x_1 , \cdots ,x_q $ and the identity 1. Let $L(p,q,N)$ denote the maximum of $L(y)$ over all y for which the exponent of any indeterminate in any monomial is at most N. We show that if $p = (N + 1^{o(q)} )$ and $q = (N + 1^{o(p)} )$, then $L(p,q,N) = \min \{ p,q\} \log N + H/\log H + o(H /\log H)$, where $H = pq\log (N + 1)$ and all logarithms have base 2.
SLIM (TM), High Density Wafer Level Fan-Out Package Development with Submicron RDL (2017)

A novel HD-FO package platform was introduced with a hybrid RDL structure. An HD-FO package with hybrid RDL could enables higher routing density and multi die construction in a planner configuration. The 1-µm and submicron RDL wafers were fabricated at a foundry and then the essential parts of the inorganic RDL were integrated with Amkor's internal organic RDL process making a hybrid structure. Also, the vertical interconnection on a hybrid RDL made 3-dimentional package construction. Key processes including via reveal, top die attach, and vertical package stacking were successfully demonstrated. Technical challenges in HDFO package development was discussed as well as the reliability performance results both in the package and at the board level.
<title>Laser Revascularization Of The Heart</title> (1982)

Several investigators have explored the possibility of revascularizing the ischemic myocardium from the ventricular chamber. The high energy laser was investigated as a means to accomplish this based on the finding that the laser beam could produce small channels in the myocardium devoid of debris and scarring. The technique was investigated in four groups of mongrel dogs. In three groups the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery was ligated and the myocardium exposed to laser treatment. The fourth group was the control, the LAD was ligated but laser channels were not made. In the three groups treated by laser, the myocardium was protected by the channels. In the control group all animals died within 20 minutes of LAD ligation. Animals in the first three groups were subsequently sacrificed at various intervals. Channels were visualized grossly, microscopically they were patent and endothelialized. The results indicate channels made by laser effectively protect the myocardium from acute coronary artery occlusion.
Conformational Analysis of 6-Substituted Uridine Analogues: Crystal Structures of Uridine-6-Thiocarboxamide and 6-Cyanouridine (1985)

Abstract Crystal structure analyses of uridine-6-thiocarboxamide (I) and 6-cyanouridine (II) show that both structures adopt a syn conformation about the glycosyl bond. The conformation of I is similar to that of orotidine (III). The furanose ring conformation of I is C4′-exo, unusual for syn conformers, and is C3′-endo in II. These results have a bearing on the inhibition of orotidylate decarboxylase by the 5′-phosphate of I.
Possible antineoplastic agents, part 15: synthesis, biological activity and quantitative structure activity relationship of substituted-2-(4'-methoxybenzenesulphonamido) glutaric acid analogs against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. (2001)

Some substituted-2-(4'-methoxybenzenesulphonamido) glutaric acid analogs (5a-m, 7a-d) have been synthesized and tested for their possible antineoplastic activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice using tumour (ascitic fluid) weight as activity parameter. Some of these compounds possess encouraging antitumour activity. A QSAR study, performed by the classical Hansch method, explains the significance of hydrophobic binding and electronic influence in the mechanism of antineoplastic action in this group of compounds.
Plasma Leptin Levels (1998)

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and other major cardiovascular risk factors. A common amino acid polymorphism at codon 972 of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) has been shown to interact with obesity in the expression of insulin resistance. The plasma concentration of the adipocyte-specific hormone leptin is increased in obesity and is correlated with adipose tissue mass. Because in vitro studies demonstrated inhibitory effects of leptin on insulin signaling, leptin may be involved in obesity-associated insulin resistance. To gain insight into the relationship between insulin and leptin in obesity, we studied plasma leptin levels and several cardiovascular risk factors, as well as their modification by the IRS-1 codon 972 genotype, in 156 obese individuals and 131 lean control subjects. In both groups, 10% of the subjects were heterozygous for the IRS-1 codon 972 variant. Obese individuals harboring the IRS-1 variant displayed significantly lower plasma concentrations of leptin than obese subjects without the polymorphism (means, 26.7 versus 37.8 ng/mL, P<0.0293). In a subgroup of obese patients, leptin mRNA abundance was measured in the adipose tissue and was significantly lower in carriers of the IRS-1 variant than in subjects with the wild-type variant (P<0.0291). Our data suggest that insulin signaling influences plasma leptin concentrations at the mRNA expression level and argue against leptin as a major causative factor of insulin resistance.
Transcriptomic characterization of two major <i> <scp>F</scp> usarium </i> resistance quantitative trait loci ( <scp>QTL</scp> s), <i> <scp>F</scp> hb1 </i> and <i> <scp>Q</scp> fhs.ifa‐ <scp>5A</scp> </i> , identifies novel candidate genes (2013)

Fusarium head blight, caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat. We developed near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing in the two strongest known F. graminearum resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs), Qfhs.ndsu-3BS (also known as resistance gene Fhb1) and Qfhs.ifa-5A, which are located on the short arm of chromosome 3B and on chromosome 5A, respectively. These NILs showing different levels of resistance were used to identify transcripts that are changed significantly in a QTL-specific manner in response to the pathogen and between mock-inoculated samples. After inoculation with F. graminearum spores, 16 transcripts showed a significantly different response for Fhb1 and 352 for Qfhs.ifa-5A. Notably, we identified a lipid transfer protein which is constitutively at least 50-fold more abundant in plants carrying the resistant allele of Qfhs.ifa-5A. In addition to this candidate gene associated with Qfhs.ifa-5A, we identified a uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase gene, designated TaUGT12887, exhibiting a positive difference in response to the pathogen in lines harbouring both QTLs relative to lines carrying only the Qfhs.ifa-5A resistance allele, suggesting Fhb1 dependence of this transcript. Yet, this dependence was observed only in the NIL with already higher basal resistance. The complete cDNA of TaUGT12887 was reconstituted from available wheat genomic sequences, and a synthetic recoded gene was expressed in a toxin-sensitive strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This gene conferred deoxynivalenol resistance, albeit much weaker than that observed with the previously characterized barley HvUGT13248.
JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation. (1994)

The transcriptional activity of c-Jun is augmented through phosphorylation at two sites by a c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). All cells express two distinct JNK activities, 46 and 55 kD in size. It is not clear which of them is the more important c-Jun kinase and how they specifically recognize c-Jun. The 46-kD form of JNK was identified as a new member of the MAP kinase group of signal-transducing enzymes, JNK1. Here, we report the molecular cloning of the 55-kD form of JNK, JNK2, which exhibits 83% identity and similar regulation to JNK1. Despite this close similarity, the two JNKs differ greatly in their ability to interact with c-Jun. JNK2 binds c-Jun approximately 25 times more efficiently than JNK1, and as a result has a lower Km toward c-Jun than JNK1. The structural basis for this difference was investigated and traced to a small beta-strand-like region near the catalytic pocket of the enzyme. Modeling suggests that this region is solvent exposed and therefore is likely to serve as a docking site that increases the effective concentration of c-Jun near JNK2. These results explain how two closely related MAP kinases can differ in their ability to recognize specific substrates and thereby elicit different biological responses.
Internet traffic measurement (2001)

The Internet's evolution over the past 30 years (1971-2001), has been accompanied by the development of various network applications. These applications range from early text-based utilities such as file transfer and remote login to the more recent advent of the Web, electronic commerce, and multimedia streaming. For most users, the Internet is simply a connection to these applications. They are shielded from the details of how the Internet works, through the-information-hiding principles of the Internet protocol stack, which dictates how user-level data is transformed into network packets for transport across the network and put back together for delivery at the receiving application. For many networking researchers however, the protocols themselves are of interest. Using specialized network measurement hardware or software, these researchers collect information about network packet transmissions. With detailed packet-level measurements and some knowledge of the IP stack, they can use reverse engineering to gather significant information about both the application structure and user behavior, which can be applied to a variety of tasks like network troubleshooting, protocol debugging, workload characterization, and performance evaluation and improvement. Traffic measurement technologies have scaled up to provide insight into fundamental behavior properties of the Internet, its protocols, and its users. The author introduces the tools and methods for measuring Internet traffic and offers highlights from research results.
Semiconductor- to metallic-like behavior in Bi thin films on KCl substrate (2016)

Bi thin films, with a thickness of 100 nm, are deposited by electron-beam evaporation on a freshly cleaved (100) KCl substrate. The substrate temperature during film growth (Tdep) ranges from room temperature up to 170 °C. Films deposited at room temperature exhibit a maze-like microstructure typical of the rhombohedral (110) texture, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. For Tdep above 80 °C, a different microstructure appears, characterized by concentric triangular shapes corresponding to the trigonal (111) texture. Temperature dependence of the resistivity shows a transition from a semiconductor-like behavior for films deposited at room temperature to a metallic-like behavior for Tdep above 80 °C. From magnetoresistance measurements between room temperature and 1.6 K, we extract the electron and hole mobilities, concentrations, and mean free paths, which allow to draw a complete picture of the transport properties of both types of films.
Characterization of Asphaltenes by Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis (2011)

Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis was used for the separation and characterization of asphaltene samples from different sources. For the separation medium (background electrolyte), mixtures of tetrahydrofuran and a high-permittivity organic solvent could be used. The best results were obtained with an 80:20 mixture of tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile, containing 1−10 mM of lithium perchlorate. In this separation medium, asphaltene samples were found to be composed of two fractions that could be clearly separated: one fraction of neutral species and a fraction that carries a positive charge in the solvent mixture employed. Between samples of different origin, differences were found in the relative amounts of the neutral and the charged fractions and in the average electrophoretic mobility of the charged components. Taylor dispersion analysis was applied to estimate the average diffusion coefficient of the asphaltene species in the solvent mixture used. From the results, it is concluded that the asphaltenes are present as nanoaggregate clusters of 3000−4000 Da and that the charged aggregates carry a net charge of approximately +1. The possible correlation between the electrophoretic properties of asphaltenes in crudes of different origin and their field behavior is discussed.
The effect of lactoferrin on oral bacterial attachment (2009)

Lf suppresses initial attachment of S. gordonii and S. gordonii coaggregates by iron sequestration. This may lead to subsequent inhibition of oral biofilm development.
Mesoporous phases based on SnO2 and TiO2 (1996)

N. Ulagappan and C. N. R. Rao, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1685 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960001685
Evaluation of <i>p</i> -Naphtholbenzein-β- <scp>d</scp> -Galactoside as a Substrate for Bacterial β-Galactosidase (2000)

We describe the synthesis of a new substrate for the detection of beta-galactosidase and evaluate its performance in comparison with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) and cyclohexenoesculetinbeta-D-galactoside (CHE-Gal). Of 206 Enterobacteriaceae strains able to hydrolyze X-Gal, 194 (94.2%) hydrolyzed CHE-Gal and 192 (93.2%) hydrolyzed p-naphtholbenzein-beta-D-galactoside (PNB-Gal). We conclude that PNB-Gal is an effective substrate for the detection of beta-galactosidase.
Minimization of amplified spontaneous emission noise in upstream superPON 512 ONU, 10 Gbit/s (2005)

We demonstrated the effect of presenting optical band pass filter for point to multipoint architecture such SuperPON. The position of optical filter and the range of optical filter bandwidth to minimise amplified spontaneous emission noise for upstream SuperPON with 512 ONU at transmission speed of 10 Gbit/s is explored.