gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis Of Rotating Structures Using Image Denotation With Multiple-Pulsed Lasers And Moire Techniques (1982)

During the past decade the optical measurement technique of image derotated hologram interferometry has evolved to a point where it has become an extremely useful laboratory tool for studying the resonant structural response of rotating bodies such as turbomachinery bladed disks. The results obtained using derotated hologram interferometry to study a simple bladed disk are presented. Both stationary and traveling disk modes of vibration were recorded. Also presented is an extension of the technique to quantitatively measure traveling mode shapes using a triple-pulsed laser. Combining moire analysis with image derotation is also discussed, and some preliminary experimental results are given.
Enzyme Activity and Assays (2002)

Abstract Enzyme activity refers to the general catalytic properties of an enzyme, and enzyme assays are standardized procedures for measuring the amounts of specific enzymes in a sample.
N‐terminal bis‐(2‐Chloroethyl)amino and Fluorosulphonyl Analogues of Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide(8‐37): Irreversible Antagonists at Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Receptors (2007)

Synthesis of the first irreversible calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists is described. bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino and fluorosulphonyl groups were incorporated into the 4-position of the N-terminal benzoyl group of a potent competitive antagonist, N-alpha-benzoyl-h-alpha-CGRP(8-37) (analogues 4 and 6). Based on previous structure-activity relationships, a second pair of N-terminally modified analogues was synthesized containing a novel benzylated-His residue in position 10 (analogues 5 and 7). In separate experiments, SK-N-MC cells and mouse thoracic aortas were bathed in solutions containing 5 microM and 1.5 microM of each analogue, respectively. After extensive washing, calcitonin gene-related peptide concentration-response curves were generated for cAMP production in SK-N-MC cells and relaxation of mouse aortas. All analogues caused >20% reductions in maximal calcitonin gene-related peptide efficacy in both assays with analogue 5 containing an N-terminal bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-benzoyl group and a benzylated-His10 residue completely abolishing cAMP production in SK-N-MC cells. Reductions in maximal responses were dependent on the analogue concentration. Analogue 4 also caused more than 10-fold reductions in the potency of the calcitonin gene-related peptide-mediated effects, whereas analogues 5, 6 and 7 have no significant effect on calcitonin gene-related peptide potency. These data indicate that all analogues bind irreversibly to calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors. The bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-modified analogues 4 and 5 were more effective than the fluorosulphonyl-modified analogues 6 and 7.
A delay damage model selection algorithm for NARX neural networks (1997)

Recurrent neural networks have become popular models for system identification and time series prediction. Nonlinear autoregressive models with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural network models are a popular subclass of recurrent networks and have been used in many applications. Although embedded memory can be found in all recurrent network models, it is particularly prominent in NARX models. We show that using intelligent memory order selection through pruning and good initial heuristics significantly improves the generalization and predictive performance of these nonlinear systems on problems as diverse as grammatical inference and time series prediction.
Optical LiNbO_3 3-branched waveguide and its application to a 4-port optical switch (1980)

An optical multimode 3-branched waveguide in Ti-diffused Z-cut LiNbO3 is discussed experimentally and theoretically. The guided light was selectively fed into three branches with the extinction ratio of nearly 10 dB at an applied voltage of V0 = ±25 V. As an example of the applications, we propose a 4-port optical switch which consists of 3-branched waveguides and bent waveguides. The bent waveguide with a 0.5-mm radius of curvature was fabricated in Nb2O5/Ti:LiNbO3.
VII Reunión Nacional de Optoelectrónica: Editorial y resúmenes de las conferencias invitadas (2012)

Pharmacokinetics of the sesquiterpene lactone leucomisin in the blood serum was studied after single intraperitoneal injection and enteral introduction. Analysis of the main pharmacokinetic prameters shows that the drug circulates in the organism for a relatively long time and can be accumulated in the cells, probably, due to the ability of penetrating through the histohematic barriers.
Expanded Constellation Mapping for Enhanced Far-End-Cross-Talk Cancellation in G.fast (2016)

We propose the novel concept of expanded constellation mapping (ECM) for maximising the received signal power, while cancelling the far-end-cross-talk in copper-based wireline communications. The goal of ECM is to beneficially map the transmitted symbol vector to its expanded constellation set by carefully exploiting the copper channels' specific characteristics. To elaborate, ECM is comprised of the control entity and of the match entity, where the former determines how the ECM would be applied, while the latter searches for the best mapping of the transmitted symbol vector to the expanded constellation set. Our numerical results demonstrate that with the aid of the ECM, more than 25-dB power efficiency gain may be achieved over linear vectoring. Similarly, about 20-dB gain may be achieved over non-linear vectoring. From an implementation point of view, the ECM imposes minimal structural changes on G.fast, whilst exhibiting beneficial reconfigurability and compatibility.
Potent inhibition of Werner and Bloom helicases by DNA minor groove binding drugs (2000)

Maintenance of genomic integrity is vital to all organisms. A number of human genetic disorders, including Werner Syndrome, Bloom Syndrome and Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome, exhibit genomic instability with some phenotypic characteristics of premature aging and cancer predisposition. Presumably the aberrant cellular and clinical phenotypes in these disorders arise from defects in important DNA metabolic pathways such as replication, recombination or repair. These syndromes are all characterized by defects in a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases. To obtain a better understanding of how these enzymes function in DNA metabolic pathways that directly influence chromosomal integrity, we have examined the effects of non-covalent DNA modifications on the catalytic activities of purified Werner (WRN) and Bloom (BLM) DNA helicases. A panel of DNA-binding ligands displaying unique properties for interacting with double helical DNA was tested for their effects on the unwinding activity of WRN and BLM helicases on a partial duplex DNA substrate. The levels of inhibition by a number of these compounds were distinct from previously reported values for viral, prokaryotic and eukaryotic helicases. The results demonstrate that BLM and WRN proteins exhibit similar sensitivity profiles to these DNA-binding ligands and are most potently inhibited by the structurally related minor groove binders distamycin A and netropsin (K(i) </=1 microM). The distinct inhibition of WRN and BLM helicases by the minor groove binders suggest that these helicases unwind double-stranded DNA by a related mechanism.
Determining the state of truthfulness and falsehood by analyzing the acquired EEG signals (2016)

Detection of deception is particular importance for the criminal case and cognitive behaviors of individual. To understanding criminal behavior, extracting the characteristic of brain waves have obviously crucial. According to hypothesis, particularly prefrontal lobes associated with the deception. This paper alleged to understanding the relationship between deception and truth from frontal lobe during some specific tasks by mapping their EEG signals. In the present study, multiplayer neural network are used for bio-signal classification to diversify between patterns of lie and truth types of EEG classes with the accuracy of around 96%. Brain activity have been captured and characterized with EEG by focusing alpha waves. During the test, lie detection identified and especially focus to detect lie in individual subjects, rather than group averages. In this research, the classification methods applied and EEG machine differentiated the specific patterns of brain activity from frontal lobes associated with deception and truth. The responses from the 3 subjects was discriminated correctly with 99%. The ranges of accuracy of test from three subjects was between 88% to 96%, there was an exception in round three with subject three with 46%. While the participants were playing with “Pokemon card”, alpha waves were collected successfully.
Split gradient coils for simultaneous PET‐MRI (2009)

Combining positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI necessarily involves an engineering tradeoff as the equipment needed for the two modalities vies for the space closest to the region where the signals originate. In one recently described scanner configuration for simultaneous positron emission tomography-MRI, the positron emission tomography detection scintillating crystals reside in an 80-mm gap between the 2 halves of a 1-T split-magnet cryostat. A novel set of gradient and shim coils has been specially designed for this split MRI scanner to include an 110-mm gap from which wires are excluded so as not to interfere with positron detection. An inverse boundary element method was necessarily employed to design the three orthogonal, shielded gradient coils and shielded Z0 shim coil. The coils have been constructed and tested in the hybrid positron emission tomography-MRI system and successfully used in simultaneous positron emission tomography-MRI experiments.
Distinct requirements for Hfe in basal and induced hepcidin levels in iron overload and inflammation (2006)

Hepcidin is a negative regulator of iron absorption produced mainly by the liver in response to changes in iron stores and inflammation, and its levels have been shown to regulate the intestinal basolateral iron transporter ferroportin1 (Fp1). Hereditary hemochromatosis patients and Hfe-deficient mice show inappropriate expression of hepcidin but, in apparent contradiction, still retain the ability to regulate iron absorption in response to alterations of iron metabolism. To further understand the molecular relationships among Hfe, hepcidin, and Fp1, we investigated hepcidin and Fp1 regulation in Hfe-deficient mice (Hfe-/- and beta2m-/-) in response to iron deprivation, iron loading, and acute inflammation. We found that whereas basal hepcidin levels were manifestly dependent on the presence of Hfe and on the mouse background, all Hfe-deficient mice were still able to regulate hepcidin in situations of altered iron homeostasis. In the liver, Fp1 was modulated in opposite directions by iron and LPS, and its regulation in Hfe-deficient mice was similar to that observed in wild-type mice. In addition, we found that iron-deprived mice were able to mount a robust response after LPS challenge and that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)-deficient mice fail to regulate hepcidin expression in response to LPS. In conclusion, these results suggest that although Hfe is necessary for the establishment of hepcidin basal levels, it is dispensable for hepcidin regulation through both the iron-sensing and inflammatory pathways, and hepatic Fp1 regulation is largely independent of hepcidin and Hfe. The inflammatory pathway overrides the iron-sensing pathway and is TLR-4 dependent.
Industrial-size photobioreactors (1997)

Photosynthetic microorganisms can be engineered to produce pharmaceuticals, chemical intermediates, and clean energy (e.g., hydrogen). They also fix atmospheric carbon dioxide--an important consideration as increased levels of carbon dioxide are linked to global warming. As a first step in the photobioreactor design, the authors investigated the relative significance of the exponential and the linear growth rates during light-limited batch cultivation of photosynthetic cells using various types and sizes of photobioreactors. They also developed a mathematical model that could explain the existence of the various growth phases during the light-limited batch cultivation. Because the cost of electricity is high, use of solar energy is obviously desirable, because it is abundant and free. However, an appropriate method for harvesting the solar energy and distributing the light inside the photobioreactor is required. A light collection device consisting of Fresnel lenses is used to collect the solar light, which is then distributed inside the reactor through the optical fibers. Because the position of the sun changes continuously, the device is equipped with a light-tracking sensor so that the lenses rotate with the position of the sun. Because of diurnal and seasonal changes in the sunlight intensity, however, high volumetric productivity is difficult to achievemore » if only solar energy is used for reactor illumination. For maximum productivity, therefore, the solar light should be supplemented with an artificial light source at night and on cloudy days.« less
Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Cancer (2015)

The immune system plays an important role in the development of, and progression of cancer. Macrophages exhibit a variety of responses according to varying stimuli, and express different functions depending upon the microenvironment surrounding them. Macrophages can be pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2). Research studies have shown that infiltration of macrophages can account for >50% of the tumor mass in some cancers, aid in metastasis by inducing angiogenesis, and signify a poor prognosis. Macrophages that migrate to the tumor site, remain there, and aid in angiogenesis and metastasis are termed tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and are thought to express an M2 phenotype. This review will examine the polarization states of macrophages, their functions and role in cancer, their activation pathways and metabolism, and potential approaches to cancer immunotherapies using macrophages.
Illustrations of New Physical Bounds on Linearly Polarized Antennas (2009)

A recent approach to physical bounds on antennas of arbitrary shape is numerically illustrated. In particular, physical bounds for antennas circumscribed by the rectangular parallelepiped, finite cylinders, and planar rectangles are presented. The bounds are verified against numerical results for various small antennas with excellent agreement.
Reaction of cycloaliphatic carbodiimides with oxalyl chloride (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of cycloaliphatic carbodiimides with oxalyl chlorideR. Richter and E. A. BarsaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 3, 417–419Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00353a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00353a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pathophysiology of Immune Hemolytic Anemia (1977)

Studies of the pathophysiology of autoimmune hemolytic anemia emphasize the important role of cell membrane receptors for various immunologically active proteins in the clearance of foreign or damaged particulate materials from the blood stream. Receptors for the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and for opsonically active fragments of the third component of complement on cells of the reticuloendothelial system function to clear from the circulation erythrocytes coated with these proteins. Our studies show the key role that complement plays in the biologic function of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies like many cold agglutinins and isoagglutinins. They show how complement may contribute to IgG-mediated cell destruction. The IgG and IgM antibodies have dramatically different effects on erythrocyte survival, and these effects explain many of the clinical differences between IgG- and IgM-mediated hemolytic diseases. These studies also show that many of the factors that influence the course of autoimmune hemolytic anemia act by altering the level of immunologic sensitization required to mediate clearance.
MeltdownPrime and SpectrePrime: Automatically-Synthesized Attacks Exploiting Invalidation-Based Coherence Protocols (2018)

The recent Meltdown and Spectre attacks highlight the importance of automated verification techniques for identifying hardware security vulnerabilities. We have developed a tool for synthesizing microarchitecture-specific programs capable of producing any user-specified hardware execution pattern of interest. Our tool takes two inputs: a formal description of (i) a microarchitecture in a domain-specific language, and (ii) a microarchitectural execution pattern of interest, e.g. a threat pattern. All programs synthesized by our tool are capable of producing the specified execution pattern on the supplied microarchitecture. We used our tool to specify a hardware execution pattern common to Flush+Reload attacks and automatically synthesized security litmus tests representative of those that have been publicly disclosed for conducting Meltdown and Spectre attacks. We also formulated a Prime+Probe threat pattern, enabling our tool to synthesize a new variant of each---MeltdownPrime and SpectrePrime. Both of these new exploits use Prime+Probe approaches to conduct the timing attack. They are both also novel in that they are 2-core attacks which leverage the cache line invalidation mechanism in modern cache coherence protocols. These are the first proposed Prime+Probe variants of Meltdown and Spectre. But more importantly, both Prime attacks exploit invalidation-based coherence protocols to achieve the same level of precision as a Flush+Reload attack. While mitigation techniques in software (e.g., barriers that prevent speculation) will likely be the same for our Prime variants as for original Spectre and Meltdown, we believe that hardware protection against them will be distinct. As a proof of concept, we implemented SpectrePrime as a C program and ran it on an Intel x86 processor, averaging about the same accuracy as Spectre over 100 runs---97.9% for Spectre and 99.95% for SpectrePrime.
Neoplastic transformation of human keratinocytes by polybrene-induced DNA-mediated transfer of an activated oncogene. (1989)

Polybrene, in conjunction with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) shock has been shown to increase the frequency of DNA-mediated gene transfer to mammalian cells as compared with the frequency obtained with calcium phosphate transfection. We have successfully adapted this procedure for use with human epidermal keratinocytes. Non-tumorigenic human epidermal epithelial cells immortalized by SV40 tumor antigen were neoplastically transfected, using Polybrene at a concentration of 10 micrograms ml-1, followed by a 4 min shock, with 30% DMSO, with a plasmid carrying the activated H-ras gene from the EJ bladder carcinoma cell line. The transfected cells showed morphological alterations and induced carcinomas when transplanted into nude mice. They contained integrated copies of the transfected H-ras gene and expressed high levels of the p21 protein. Polybrene-induced DNA transfection, therefore, offers the opportunity to transfer genes effectively into human epidermal keratinocytes and should accelerate the study of the interaction between oncogenes and human epithelial cells. This study appears to represent the first neoplastic conversion of nontumorigenic, immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes by an activated human oncogene.
Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>and methyl-group synthesis (1957)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Optimal control strategy for HVAC system in building energy management (2012)

Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems have played an important role in building energy and comfort management. It is designed to provide a relatively constant and comfortable temperature in buildings and provide fresh and filtered air with a comfortable humidity level. In this paper, an optimal control strategy is proposed to control the HVAC system for maintaining building's indoor environment with high energy efficiency. The control strategy utilized swarm intelligence to determine the amount of energy dispatched to each equipment in the HVAC system. In order to study the impact of HVAC system operations in the indoor environment, both the building model and HVAC equipment models are developed. A case study is carried out to simulate the real time control process in a specified building environment.
DNA·RNA Heteroduplex Containing 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine: Base Pairing, Structures, and Thermodynamic Stability (2004)

Oligoribonucleotides containing 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-O-methylguanosine (8-oxoG-Me) were synthesized. The base pairing properties of 8-oxoG and 8-oxoG-Me in oligoribonucleotide in cDNA synthesis by reverse transcriptases were studied. dCMP was preferentially incorporated into the site opposite 8-oxoG or 8-oxoG-Me than into other dNMPs. TMP and dCMP were inserted preferentially into sites opposite 8-oxoG or 8-oxoG by reverse transcriptases. HIV-RT did not incorporate TMP, but RAV2-RT incorporated 50% more TMP than dCMP into the site opposite 8-oxoG. In the site opposite 8-oxoG-Me TMP was substantially incorporated by HIV-RT or RAV2-RT. Thermodynamic analysis of the DNA.RNA heteroduplex containing 8-oxoG revealed that 8-oxoG and 8-oxoG-Me formed base pairs with cytidine and thymidine with similar stability. The thermodynamic parameter (DeltaG degrees ) demonstrated that the formation of duplexes between 8-oxoG or 8-oxoG-Me and cytidine or thymidine is more thermodynamically favorable than with adenosine and guanosine. However, differences in the melting temperature and DeltaG degrees 's of 8-oxoG/dC and 8-oxoG/T were much smaller than between G/dC and G/T. CD spectra showed that DNA . RNA containing 8-oxoG or 8-oxoG-Me duplexes showed similarities between the A-type RNA and B-type DNA conformations.