gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic considerations for robotic surgery (2014)

Recently, demand for minimally invasive surgery has increased greatly. As a result, robot-assisted techniques have gained in popularity, because they overcome several of the shortcomings of conventional laparoscopic techniques. However, robotic surgery may require innovations with regard to patient positioning and the overall arrangement of operative equipment and personnel, which may go against the conservative nature of anesthesia care. Anesthesiologists should become familiar with these changes by learning the basic features of robotic surgical systems to offer better anesthetic care and promote patient safety. (
Coronary thrombolysis in dogs with intravenously administered human pro-urokinase. (1985)

Coronary thrombolysis was induced by infusion of highly purified human pro-urokinase isolated from a transformed kidney cell line (ACHN) or by infusion of urokinase of urinary origin in anesthetized dogs with 1-hr-old clots in the left anterior descending coronary artery. The clots were induced with a copper coil and thrombolysis was detected by repeat coronary angiography. Intravenous infusion of pro-urokinase at a rate of 10 micrograms/kg/min for 30 min in two dogs did not induce thrombolysis, which was only obtained after 8 and 15 min of its subsequent intracoronary administration. Intravenous infusion of pro-urokinase at a rate of 20 micrograms/kg/min for 30 min in four dogs induced coronary thrombolysis within 23 +/- 2 min (mean +/- SEM). This was not associated with systemic fibrinolytic activation because the alpha 2-antiplasmin and fibrinogen levels did not decrease. Intravenous infusion of urokinase at a rate of 10 micrograms/kg/min for 30 min elicited thrombolysis in four of seven dogs within an average of 19 +/- 2 min. In the other three dogs thrombolysis was only obtained within 11 +/- 3 min of its subsequent intracoronary infusion. Administration of urokinase was associated with systemic fibrinolytic activation as evidenced by a decrease of alpha 2-antiplasmin to about 10% and of fibrinogen to 43 +/- 13% of the preinfusion value. It is concluded that intravenous infusion of pro-urokinase at a sufficiently high rate produces coronary thrombolysis without systemic fibrinolysis in dogs.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 on Supported Cu2O Catalysts (2014)

We have examined Cu-based catalyst materials that enable the conversion of CO2 to useful products such as fuels and chemical feedstocks by electrochemical reduction. In particular, we compared the electrocatalytic activity of supported Cu2O particles prepared using electrodeposition and wet chemical methods. The particles had cubic structure, ranging in size from 40 nm to 900 nm and consisting of low index planes. We observed significantly different product distribution on these catalysts compared to polycrystalline Cu, specifically for methane and ethylene formation. While Cu particles showed higher faradaic efficiency for methane formation compared to ethylene formation, we observed that Cu2O particles were more selective to ethylene than methane. For example, the C2H4/CH4 ratio on Cu was 0.2 while the C2H4/CH4 ratio on both electrodeposited Cu2O film and colloidal Cu2O particles was around 60. The Cu2O particles were reducible and the derived particles consisted of higher number of low-coordinated active sites than Cu which we propose are responsible for the increased ethylene selectivity. At -1.5VNHE, electrodeposited Cu2O film and colloidal Cu2O particles achieved highest average ethylene faradaic efficiency of 9.4% and 38% respectively while Cu foil only showed 1.2%. The colloidal Cu2O particles also exhibited better CO selectivity than Cu. While Cu showed 5.5% CO faradaic efficiency, colloidal Cu2O particles achieved highest average CO faradaic efficiency of 22%. Product distribution on Cu2O catalysts was primarily influenced by potential and was kinetically dynamic. Nafion mixed with Cu2O particles was shown to enhance and stabilize ethylene formation.
AUTOSAR migration from existing automotive software (2008)

The AUTOSAR consortium was founded to manage the growing electronics complexity and improve cost-efficiency without any compromises with quality as well as reusability. It is expected that AUTOSAR, open and standardized automotive software architecture, is widespread in automotive industry worldwide. In general, automotive embedded software has been closely coupled with the hardware, and the boundary between application software and hardware related software is not clear. The AUTOSAR approach requires a more different approaching way to develop automotive embedded software than today. In AUTOSAR, the application software and infrastructural software are clearly separated through the concept of RTE (Run Time Environment), and the paradigm of design is shifted from coding to configuration. By introducing AUTOSAR, existing system need to be translated into AUTOSAR and, several migration concepts are necessary for the successful transition. ECU developments typically start with legacy software, and it is unavoidable to rearrange existing software according to the AUTOSAR concept. This paper shows how to construct AUTOSAR application software components and basic software modules for already developed ECU software.
VNARs: An Ancient and Unique Repertoire of Molecules That Deliver Small, Soluble, Stable and High Affinity Binders of Proteins (2015)

At 420 million years, the variable domain of New Antigen Receptors or VNARs are undoubtedly the oldest (and smallest) antigen binding single domains identified in the vertebrate kingdom. Their role as an integral part of the adaptive immune system of sharks has been well established and has served to provide a greater understanding of the evolution of humoral immunity; their cellular components and processes as well as the underlying genetic organization and molecular control mechanisms. Intriguingly, unlike the variable domain of the camelid heavy chain antibodies or VHH, VNARs do not conform to all of the characteristic properties of classical antibodies with an ancestral origin that clearly distinguishes them from true immunoglobulin antibodies. However, this uniqueness of their origin only adds to their potential as next generation therapeutic biologics with their structural and functional attributes and commercial freedom all enhancing their profile and current success. In fact their small size, remarkable stability, molecular flexibility and solubility, together with their high affinity and selectivity for target, all reinforce the potential of these domains as drug candidates. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the existing basic biology of these unique domains, to highlight the drug-like properties of VNARs and describe current progress in their journey towards the clinic.
Adding vs. Averaging in Distributed Primal-Dual Optimization (2015)

Distributed optimization methods for large-scale machine learning suffer from a communication bottleneck. It is difficult to reduce this bottleneck while still efficiently and accurately aggregating partial work from different machines. In this paper, we present a novel generalization of the recent communication-efficient primal-dual framework (CoCoA) for distributed optimization. Our framework, CoCoA+, allows for additive combination of local updates to the global parameters at each iteration, whereas previous schemes with convergence guarantees only allow conservative averaging. We give stronger (primal-dual) convergence rate guarantees for both CoCoA as well as our new variants, and generalize the theory for both methods to cover non-smooth convex loss functions. We provide an extensive experimental comparison that shows the markedly improved performance of CoCoA+ on several real-world distributed datasets, especially when scaling up the number of machines.
A sulphate bath for the preparation of Zn-Fe alloy coatings (2002)

SUMMARYA new acidic sulphate bath was developed for the preparation of Zn-Fe alloy coatings. The percentage of iron in the deposits produced was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and was found to be below 1.0 wt%. The bath composition was easy to control and when citric acid and sodium citrate were employed as buffer and complexing agents, respectively, stable pH values were observed. In addition, the operation cost was low and the cathode efficiency was high with respect to the alkaline baths. The Zn-Fe alloy coatings produced were fine and iridescent and no pinholes or pores could be observed over the surface. The percentage of iron in the alloy coatings increased with the increase of metal ratio Fe2/Zn2, and the applied current density. Bend tests indicated that the alloy coalings had good adhesion strength to the substrate.
TWENTY-FOUR-HOUR PRESERVATION OF THE PIG HEART BY A PORTABLE HYPOTHERMIC PERFUSION SYSTEM (1982)

A portable hypothermic perfusion system for storage of hearts has been developed. The system uses the airlift pump principle, whereby the flow of gas maintains circulation of the perfusate through the heart; no other energy source is required. Performance on ex vivo functional testing of 10 pig hearts stored for 20 to 24 hr using this system (group 3) was compared with that of freshly excised hearts (group 1) and hearts stored simply in the perfusate under hypothermic conditions, but not perfused (group 2). Group 2 hearts performed less well on functional testing than those of groups 1 and 3 which showed little statistical difference, suggesting good preservation by hypothermic perfusion. This has been confirmed by orthotopic transplantation of similarly preserved baboon hearts with survival until rejection at a mean of 27 days. The importance of the various constituents of the perfusate and the significance of weight gain during the storage and reperfusion periods are discussed.
Effect of crumb-rubber particle size on mechanical response of polyurethane foam composites (2014)

The compression properties of foam are governed by by three factors: i) cell edge bending ii) compression of cell fluid iii) membrane stresses in the cell faces. The effect of reinforcement, granular form of scrap tire rubber on contribution of each of these effects along with the physical properties of polyurethane foam is investigated. It is seen that the addition of crumb-rubber hinders the formation of cell membranes during the foaming process.Four different sizes of particles were chosen to closely study the effect of particle size on the physical properties of the foam composite. There is a definite pattern seen in each of the physical property of the composite with change in the particle size. Addition of crumb-rubber decreases the compressive strength but in turn increases the elastic modulus of the composite.The rubber particles act as the sites for stress concentration and hence the inclusion of rubber particles induces the capability to transfer the axial load laterally along the surface of the foam. Also, the filler material induces porosity into the foam, which is seen in the SEM images, and hence the addition of rubber particles induces brittleness, which makes the foam composites extensively applicable for structural application in sandwich components. The lightweight composite therefore is a potential substitute to the heavier metal foams and honeycombs as a protective layer.
8‐3: Hybrid Modulation for Near Zero Display Latency (2016)

Binary displays for virtual reality can achieve low latency by integrating view tracking with modulation. We present a novel modulation scheme that combines tracking, pulse density modulation, and pulse width modulation to minimize grayscale artifacts. The hybrid modulator is applied to an AMOLED display at an update rate of 1.7 kHz on which we observe nearly zero latency in the perceived image.
On the Switching Parameter Variation of Metal Oxide RRAM—Part II: Model Corroboration and Device Design Strategy (2012)

Using the model developed in Part I of this two-part paper, the simulated dc sweep and pulse transient characteristics of a metal oxide resistive random access memory cell are corroborated with the experimental data of HfO <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> memory. Key switching features such as the abrupt SET process, gradual RESET process, current fluctuation in the RESET process, and multilevel resistance state distributions are captured by the simulation. The current fluctuation in the RESET process is caused by the competition between the simultaneous oxygen vacancy recombination and generation processes. The origin of the high-resistance state variation and the tail bit problem are attributed to the variation of the tunneling gap distances and the stochastic nature of new Vo generation in the tunneling gap region, respectively. The use of the write-verify technique and a bilayer oxide structure are proposed to achieve a tighter resistance distribution.
Measurement precautions for high-resistivity silicon solar cells (1988)

Several measurement characteristics have been identified that are unique to high-performance, high-resistivity silicon cells. These unique characteristics, which are due to features such as bulk carrier lifetimes on the order of 1 ms, excellent surface passivation, and light trapping, can lead to large performance measurement errors; however, they also offer insight into the physical mechanisms occurring in these devices. The characteristics that were found to have the largest influence on measured performance are described. These include a strong fill factor dependence on voltage sweep rate and direction, sublinear short-circuit current versus irradiance, light-soaking influence on open-circuit voltage and fill factor, and enhanced spectral response beyond 1100 nm due to optical light trapping. Cell measurements and analyses have included both small-area concentrator cells and large-area one-sun cells from various sources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Boar spermadhesin PSP‐II: Location of posttranslational modifications, heterodimer formation with PSP‐I glycoforms and effect of dimerization on the ligand‐binding capabilities of the subunits (1995)

Spermadhesin PSP-II was isolated from the non-heparin-binding fraction of boar seminal plasma; its disulphide bridge pattern, and the location of a single N-glycosylation site were established. PSP-II forms a heterodimer with specific N-glycoforms of PSP-I. Although both subunits possess heparin-binding capability, the PSP-I/PSP-II complex does not. The heterodimer contains binding sites for zona pellucida glycoproteins and soybean trypsin inhibitor located in the PSP-II subunit. However, the PSP-I/PSP-II heterodimer binds only loosely to the sperm surface and is easily removed during in vitro capacitation, suggesting that the zona pellucida binding activity may not be relevant for gamete interaction. Our results show that dimerization of spermadhesins PSP-I and PSP-II markedly affects their binding capabilities.
High Rate Deposition of Piezoelectric Zinc Oxide Films Using New Reactive Sputtering Technique (1979)

ZnO thin films were prepared on glass substrates with improved dc reactive magnetron sputtering techniques. The best film uniformity is obtained when the target to substrate distance is 17 nun and in this condition c-axis deviation b from substrate normal is smaller than 1 . Minimum &is obtained at 0.2 Torr in our apparatus for ahy ratio of oxygen to argon. Deposition rate increases with increasing a discharge current and it attains 15 )un/h for ( 02 50% : Ar50%), and 11 pdh for (81.5% : 18.5%) and 9 p/h .tor 100% oxygen.These films were obtained at 500 mA discharge current and 0.2 Torr total gas pressure. A value of 01 smaller than 2O is obtained over wide curr nt ranges. Resistivities of the films were 3 x 10 3 x 107 0hm.cm. Piezoelectric coupling constant was obtained by measuring a frequency responce of transducer impedance near the fundamental resonance frequency of the interdigital double electrode. The experimental results were 70 - 80 % of the theoretical values. 8
Hormone replacement therapy in the menopause. (1997)

The failure of follicular development that characterizes the menopause leads to a marked reduction in serum levels of estradiol and progesterone. As a result, the majority of women develop symptoms, including hot flushes, sleep disturbance, and vaginal dryness. Long-term consequences of ovarian insufficiency include genital atrophy, osteoporosis, and increased rates of myocardial infarction. Estradiol replacement (ERT) has proved effective in treating and preventing these problems. ERT has, however, led to increased risk of endometrial carcinoma. Consequently, treatment regimens now include progestins (HRT) to protect women who have a uterus. Progestins act by down-regulation of estradiol receptor activity, which is an advantage for preventing endometrial hyperstimulation, but a potential disadvantage when beneficial effects of estradiol are opposed. Current menopause health care includes assessment, treatment, and follow-up. Signs and symptoms of estradiol deficiency are evaluated during initial history-taking and physical examination. The MENSI (Menopause Symptom Index) has proved an efficient questionnaire for both initial assessment and monitoring of treatment effects. Vaginal cell maturation index (M.I.) can be helpful in determining need for hormonal treatment and for assessing response to treatment. A "therapeutic range" for ERT can be achieved with the availability of a variety of hormone preparations administered in different ways (oral, transdermal, skin gel, implants, etc.), thus avoiding the problems of both inadequate and excessive hormonal doses. This paper will describe a structured approach to the delivery of health care in the menopause.
A fully-digital phase modulator with phase calibration loop for high data-rate systems (2017)

This paper presents a digital phase modulator for wide bandwidth polar transmitters. It adopts a digital-to-time converter (DTC) and high-speed phase calibration loop that improves sampling rate for the same phase resolution. The DTC consists of a chain delay line with different delay cells to generate a small phase. A feedback loop based on a novel time-to-digital converter (TDC) nested inside the phase modulator sets the DTC output phase accurately across the range of input digital code as well as over process, voltage, and temperature. By using the TDC-based feedback loop, the proposed phase modulator can achieve high sampling rate and small phase resolution. The phase modulator achieves 0.72 degree phase resolution and 40 MS/s sampling rate while consuming 8 mW of power. This phase modulator is implemented in a 180 nm CMOS technology and occupies 0.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Reducing Torque Ripple in PM Synchronous Motors by Pole Shifting (2000)

An inherent drawback of permanent magnet synchronous motors\nis the torque ripple caused by stator and rotor anisotropy and non\nsinusoidal distributions of the PM flux-density and stator mmf. A\nclassical method to minimise the torque ripple consists in skewing\nthe stator or the rotor. However such a method causes difficulties\nin motor manufacturing and it is generally avoided. Also\nalternative techniques as fractional-slot windings, diverse pole\nwidths, dummy slots or teeth cause manufacturing troubles or are\nwell-suited only for low power motors. A technique based on an\nappropriate shifting of identical width rotor poles is presented in\nthis paper. It can be applied to both surface-mounted PM and\ninterior PM sinusoidal-fed motors of any size. Hints to design\nrotors of any number of pole pairs are also given. The results\nachieved by the proposed technique are verified by a finite element\nanalysis of the motor performance and their validity is confirmed\nby experimental tests on a prototype.
INTEGRATED MICRO FUEL CELL POWER SUPPLY (2004)

An integrated thin film micro fuel cell power supply design is described in this paper.
SUBUNIT COORDINATION IN THE FIREFLY LIGHT ORGAN (1969)

1. Microphotographs were obtained of a firefly (Photuris sp.) light organ on cinema film at 64 frames per second with the aid of an image intensifier. 2. Analysis of the film indicates that the two light organs usually flash simultaneously, but cases of one organ leading by 32-48 msec are seen. 3. Asynchrony is also observed within the light organ during a flash. Submaximal flashes are comprised of small spots of light ("microsources") which turn on at various times throughout the flash. Their durations average 139 ± 3 (S.E.) msec (range 31-360 msec) compared with 300-425 msec for an organ flash. Microsources are of fairly uniform size and shape having an average diameter of 21.6 ± 0.3 µ. (S.E.) and a range of 11-36 µ. Microsources of this size are also seen as time functional unit of uncoordinated emission displays known as scintillation. It is suggested that the microsource is the smallest physiological unit of function in the firefly light organ. 4. Comparisons of glowing organs with histological sections demonstrate that the center portions of the "rosettes" are dark, and the centrifugal elements of the rosettes (the photocytes) emit light. 5. Microsources (21.6 µ in diameters) are somewhat smaller than the measured length of photocytes (34 µ) but larger than the width (8-10 µ). Thus the functional unit is identified as the center portions of 2 or 3 adjacent photocytes. 6. The whole organ flash is the integration of briefer staggered responses of a population of these single units which have activities of variable duration and intensities.
Wireless localization using self-organizing maps (2007)

Localization is an essential service for many wireless sensor network applications. While several localization schemes rely on anchor nodes and range measurements to achieve fine-grained positioning, we propose a range-free, anchor-free solution that works using connectivity information only. The approach, suitable for deployments with strict cost constraints, is based on the neural network paradigm of Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). We present a lightweight SOM-based algorithm to compute virtual coordinates that are effective for location-aided routing. This algorithm can also exploit the location information, if available, of few anchor nodes to compute absolute positions. Results of extensive simulations show improvements over the popular Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) scheme, especially for networks with low connectivity, which are intrinsically harder to localize, and in presence of irregular radio pattern or anisotropic deployment. We analytically demonstrate that the proposed scheme has low computation and communication overheads; hence, making it suitable for resource-constrained networks.
Research and Implementation of iSCSI Storage Management System (2007)

According to the requirement of the management of iSCSI storage system,this paper designs a SNMP/Web based graphical unified management platform with the implementation of storage network topo-discovery,storage data management and storage resource management(SRMP) through research of simple network management protocol(SNMP) and Web based management system(WBMS).The system has a good extensibility and architectural independence.