gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth Behavior of Coatings Formed by Vapor Phase Aluminizing Using Fe-Al Pellets of Varying Composition (2006)

Growth behavior of coatings formed by AlF3 activated vapor phase aluminizing on an Ni-base superalloy substrate was investigated at 1353 K for up to 4 h using FeAl, FeAl2, Fe2Al5, and FeAl3 pellets as aluminum donors, with an aim of understanding the kinetics under the different aluminum activities. The coatings consist of an outer δ-Ni2Al3 layer, a middle β-NiAl layer, and an inner diffusion layer of γ′-Ni3Al. The thickness of the δ-Ni2Al3 layer remarkably increases with an increase of the coating time and of the aluminum content of the donor pellet. Contrarily, the aluminum concentration at the coating surface increases only a little, which might be due to the strong dependence of the aluminum activity on composition of solid Ni-Al alloys. The amount of aluminum deposition shows parabolic time dependence in all the cases, and the deposition rate becomes higher for the donor pellet of higher aluminum content. Except for the case of the FeAl pellet, the parabolic rate constants are similar to the reported value calculated from the diffusion rate of aluminum in solid Ni-Al alloys. This suggests that the rate of aluminum deposition is dominantly controlled by solid diffusion in the coating. However, the rate falling occurs in the last stage due to the phase transformations of FeAl3 → Fe2Al5 → FeAl2 → FeAl caused by the depletion of aluminum in the pellet. It is supposed that the gaseous diffusion of aluminum or the other process might contribute to the rate-controlling when a sufficiently thick FeAl layer covers the pellet surface.
MicroRNA-195-5p is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for breast cancer (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved, small endogenous single-strand non-coding RNAs. They are aberrantly expressed in the circulation and tissue of patients with cancer. Therefore, it has been suggested that they may act as key regulators of carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression level of miR-195-5p in human breast cancer and its potential role in carcinogenesis. The expression level of miR-195-5p was measured in 40 breast cancer specimens and adjacent normal breast tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Next, to explore the potential function of miR-195-5p, we used MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and carried out MTT, colony formation, Transwell chamber migration and cell cycle assays. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was also performed to determine putative targets of miR-195-5p, which were validated using qPCR and western blot assays. We found that miR-195-5p expression was significantly decreased in the 40 breast cancer specimens when compared with that in the adjacent normal breast tissues (P<0.05). Overexpression of miR-195-5p inhibited cell proliferation, reduced cell colony formation, suppressed cell migration and caused an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of cyclin E1 (CCNE1), we found two putative target sites which may bind miR-195-5p, suggesting that CCNE1 is a direct target of miR-195-5p. Furthermore, through qPCR and western blot assays we showed that overexpression of miR-195-5p reduced CCNE1 mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Our study suggests that miR-195-5p may act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Therefore, targeting of this miRNA may provide a novel strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this lethal disease.
Simulation-Based Performance Analysis and Tuning for a Two-Level Directly Connected System (2011)

Hardware and software co-design is becoming increasingly important due to complexities in supercomputing architectures. Simulating applications before there is access to the real hardware can assist machine architects in making better design decisions that can optimize application performance. At the same time, the application and runtime can be optimized and tuned beforehand. BigSim is a simulation-based performance prediction framework designed for these purposes. It can be used to perform packet-level network simulations of parallel applications using existing parallel machines. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of BigSim in analyzing and optimizing parallel application performance for future systems based on the PERCS network. We present simulation studies using benchmarks and real applications expected to run on future supercomputers. Future petascale systems will have more than 100,000 cores, and we present simulations at that scale.
Rotation-invariant texture classification using modified Gabor filters (2002)

A method of rotation invariant texture classification based on a joint space-frequency model is introduced. Multiresolution filters, based on a truly analytic form of a polar 2-D Gabor (1946) wavelet, are used to compute spatial frequency-specific but spatially localized microfeatures. These microfeatures constitute an approximate basis set for the representation of the texture sample. The essential characteristics of a texture sample, its macrofeatures, are derived from the statistics of its microfeatures. A texture is modeled as a multivariate Gaussian distribution of macrofeatures. Classification is based on a rotation invariant subset of macrofeatures.
An Approximate Method for the Performance Analysis of Buffer Insertion Rings (1983)

A new analytic approach for the performance evaluation of buffer insertion rings is proposed which overcomes the basic limitations of former analyses. Key to our analysis is that the global performance model of a buffer insertion ring is decomposed into submodels in such a way that the basic interdependence of interarrival and transmission times of the frames transmitted is taken into account. The analysis itself is relatively straightforward and yields simple and explicit results for the mean delays of the frames. For special traffic patterns, the analysis is exact, for the general case, it is approximate but its accuracy turns out to be high, as comparison with simulation results shows.
Spontaneous mutagenesis associated with nucleotide excision repair in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

The vast majority of spontaneous mutations occurring in Escherichia coli are thought to be derived from spontaneous DNA lesions, which include oxidative base damage. Systems for removing intrinsic mutagens and repairing DNA lesions contribute to the suppression of spontaneous mutations. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a general DNA repair system that eliminates various kinds of lesions from DNA. We therefore predicted that NER might be involved in suppression of spontaneous mutations, and analyzed base substitutions occurring spontaneously within the rpoB gene in NER-proficient (wild-type), -deficient and -overproducing E. coli strains. Surprisingly, the mutation frequency was lower in NER-deficient strains, and higher in NER-overproducing strains, than in the NER-proficient strain. These results suggest, paradoxically, that NER contributes to the generation of spontaneous mutation rather than to its suppression under normal growth conditions, and that transcription-coupled repair also participates in this process. Using E. coli strains that carried an editing exonuclease-deficient polA mutation, we further obtained data suggesting that unnecessary NER might account for these findings, so that errors introduced during repair DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase I would result in unwanted base substitutions. The repair system itself may thus be an important generator of spontaneous mutation.
An advanced PSA process for high speed bipolar VLSI (1979)

A structure, fabrication processes and performances of the bipolar transistor with 1 µm wide emitter are presented. An advanced polysilicon self-aligned (APSA) technology (1) is applied in order to realize high speed bipolar VLSI. The remarkable feature of the APSA technology is its overlapping structure of emitter electrodes using the second layer of polysilicon. Consequently, 1 µm wide emitter and a spacing of about 1 µm between the edges of the emitter diffused layer and the base contact windows can be realized at a time. Further, the shallow base junction can be controlled arbitrarily because intrinsic base is fabricated just before forming emitter. By using the APSA technology, we have realized low power CML (LCML) structure with 1×3 µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> emitter transsistors leading to the maximum propagation delay time of 0.29 ns/gate and a speed power product of 0.18 pJ/gate in low current region.
Sequence-Based Typing of <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> Serogroup 1 Offers the Potential for True Portability in Legionellosis Outbreak Investigation (2003)

Seven gene loci of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 were analyzed as potential epidemiological typing markers to aid in the investigation of legionella outbreaks. The genes chosen included four likely to be selectively neutral (acn, groES, groEL, and recA) and three likely to be under selective pressure (flaA, mompS, and proA). Oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify 279- to 763-bp fragments from each gene. Initial sequence analysis of the seven loci from 10 well-characterized isolates of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 gave excellent reproducibility (R) and epidemiological concordance (E) values (R = 1.00; E = 1.00). The three loci showing greatest discrimination and nucleotide variation, flaA, mompS, and proA, were chosen for further study. Indices of discrimination (D) were calculated using a panel of 79 unrelated isolates. Single loci gave D values ranging from 0.767 to 0.857, and a combination of all three loci resulted in a D value of 0.924. When all three loci were combined with monoclonal antibody subgrouping, the D value was 0.971. Sequence-based typing of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 using only three loci is epidemiologically concordant and highly discriminatory and has the potential to become the new "gold standard" for the epidemiological typing of L. pneumophila.
Experiences in automating the testing of SS7 signalling transfer points (2002)

Signalling System 7 (SS7) is widely used for telephone signalling. Service providers need to frequently test their Signalling Transfer Points (STPs), which switch SS7 messages, for both protocol conformance and interoperability. This paper describes a system that automatically analyzes the data collected during STP tests. It consists of files that describe how the STPs are expected to behave during the test, and Perl code that translates this Expected Behavior into a program that can search the data collected during the test for the expected events, and report on whether the system passed the test. The system readily processed over 30,000 events for each test run, and identified abnormal behavior that could interfere with interoperability and protocol conformance.
Alkali Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cattails from Constructed Wetlands (2010)

Problem statement: To date, production of liquid fuel, particularly ethanol, has only been economically feasible from food crops that are high in sugar and starch. However, the use of arable land for fuel rather than for food production and the use of a food source for fuel rather than as food have created issues in prices and availability of traditional foods and feed. The use of cattails to produce biofuel will add value to land and will also reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by replacing petroleum products. Approach: In order to investigate the feasibility of converting cattails into cellulosic ethanol, an alkali (NaOH) pretreatment process was studied using cattails from constructed wetlands on a North Carolina A and T Farm based on NaOH concentration and enzyme loading. Results: The alkali pretreatment method was able to effectively increase enzymatic digestibility of cattail cellulose; nearly 78% of the cellulose from raw cattails was converted to fermentable glucose in 48 h using a cellulase loading of 60 FPU g -1 glucan. About 25.5, 37.4, 38.4, 42.4 and 55.9% of the lignin was removed with pretreatment in 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4% NaOH, respectively. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24858) was able to ferment the sugars released by cattail cellulose.
Identification of Lynch Syndrome Among Patients With Colorectal Cancer (2012)

CONTEXT: Lynch syndrome is the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) and is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Identification of gene carriers currently relies on germline analysis in patients with MMR-deficient tumors, but criteria to select individuals in whom tumor MMR testing should be performed are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To establish a highly sensitive and efficient strategy for the identification of MMR gene mutation carriers among CRC probands. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Pooled-data analysis of 4 large cohorts of newly diagnosed CRC probands recruited between 1994 and 2010 (n = 10,206) from the Colon Cancer Family Registry, the EPICOLON project, the Ohio State University, and the University of Helsinki examining personal, tumor-related, and family characteristics, as well as microsatellite instability, tumor MMR immunostaining, and germline MMR mutational status data. MAIN OUTCOME: Performance characteristics of selected strategies (Bethesda guidelines, Jerusalem recommendations, and those derived from a bivariate/multivariate analysis of variables associated with Lynch syndrome) were compared with tumor MMR testing of all CRC patients (universal screening). RESULTS: Of 10,206 informative, unrelated CRC probands, 312 (3.1%) were MMR gene mutation carriers. In the population-based cohorts (n = 3671 probands), the universal screening approach (sensitivity, 100%; 95% CI, 99.3%-100%; specificity, 93.0%; 95% CI, 92.0%-93.7%; diagnostic yield, 2.2%; 95% CI, 1.7%-2.7%) was superior to the use of Bethesda guidelines (sensitivity, 87.8%; 95% CI, 78.9%-93.2%; specificity, 97.5%; 95% CI, 96.9%-98.0%; diagnostic yield, 2.0%; 95% CI, 1.5%-2.4%; P < .001), Jerusalem recommendations (sensitivity, 85.4%; 95% CI, 77.1%-93.6%; specificity, 96.7%; 95% CI, 96.0%-97.2%; diagnostic yield, 1.9%; 95% CI, 1.4%-2.3%; P < .001), and a selective strategy based on tumor MMR testing of cases with CRC diagnosed at age 70 years or younger and in older patients fulfilling the Bethesda guidelines (sensitivity, 95.1%; 95% CI, 89.8%-99.0%; specificity, 95.5%; 95% CI, 94.7%-96.1%; diagnostic yield, 2.1%; 95% CI, 1.6%-2.6%; P < .001). This selective strategy missed 4.9% of Lynch syndrome cases but resulted in 34.8% fewer cases requiring tumor MMR testing and 28.6% fewer cases undergoing germline mutational analysis than the universal approach. CONCLUSION: Universal tumor MMR testing among CRC probands had a greater sensitivity for the identification of Lynch syndrome compared with multiple alternative strategies, although the increase in the diagnostic yield was modest.
Thermal Energy at the Nanoscale (2012)

Lattice Structure: Phonons and Electrons Carrier Statistics Basic Thermal Properties Landauer Formalism: Dominant Carriers and Quantization Transmission Functions and Scattering Interfacial Transport Toy Problems, Online Tools, and Examples.
Conductivity and Dissociation Equilibrium of Extremely Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride (1990)

We have studied the conductivity of extremely anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF) and obtained a minimum conductivity of at 0°C. We have recognized that water in AHF at concentrations below shows an ideal dissociation and that the limiting equivalent conductance of AHF is 436 S cm2 mol−1 at 0°C. The ideal relationship between the conductivity and water concentration obtained in this work was extrapolated to the ultra‐micro water concentration region. The conductivity of corresponds to a water concentration of (0.033 ppm) in the above relationship; however, this conductivity is not due to the dissociation of water but to that of hydrogen fluoride. We recognized that the relationship between the conductivity and water concentration of AHF coincides completely with that of ultra‐pure water in the ultra‐micro conductivity region (10−8 S cm−1).
NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers: Innovative Strategies for Complex Macromolecules (2011)

In recent years there has been an increasing research emphasis on complex macromolecular systems. These include polymers with precise control of structures, multicomponent systems with higher degrees of organization, polymers involved in micelles, interfaces, and confined environments, nanochemistry and nanostructures, biopolymers and bio-inspired chemistry, and application-driven polymer designs, such as fuel cells, batteries, and ionic conductors; sensors and information processors; drug delivery, biomedical devices, and imaging; stimulus-responsive polymers, gels, and networks with defined function and control. Successful NMR studies of these polymers require judicious applications of existing techniques and development of new or improved strategies and methodologies. In this article the polymer/NMR literature in 2007-2011 is reviewed in view of the recent trends in polymer research, with selected examples taken from the literature and from the chapters included in this book.
EFFECTS OF PLANT WATER STRESS ON FRUIT SET OF NON-ASTRINGENT PERSIMMON UNDER CONTROLLED -ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS (1995)

ISHS IV International Symposium on Growing Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and in the Subtropics EFFECTS OF PLANT WATER STRESS ON FRUIT SET OF NON-ASTRINGENT PERSIMMON UNDER CONTROLLED -ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS
Expression optimization and synthetic gene networks in cell-free systems (2011)

Synthetic biology offers great promise to a variety of applications through the forward engineering of biological function. Most efforts in this field have focused on employing living cells, yet cell-free approaches offer simpler and more flexible contexts. Here, we evaluate cell-free regulatory systems based on T7 promoter-driven expression by characterizing variants of TetR and LacI repressible T7 promoters in a cell-free context and examining sequence elements that determine expression efficiency. Using the resulting constructs, we then explore different approaches for composing regulatory systems, leading to the implementation of inducible negative feedback in Escherichia coli extracts and in the minimal PURE system, which consists of purified proteins necessary for transcription and translation. Despite the fact that negative feedback motifs are common and essential to many natural and engineered systems, this simple building block has not previously been implemented in a cell-free context. As a final step, we then demonstrate that the feedback systems developed using our cell-free approach can be implemented in live E. coli as well, illustrating the potential for using cell-free expression to fast track the development of live cell systems in synthetic biology. Our quantitative cell-free component characterizations and demonstration of negative feedback embody important steps on the path to harnessing biological function in a bottom-up fashion.
Neural Network Knowledge-Based Modeling of Rock Properties Based on Well Log Databases (1998)

Abstract Analyzing data from well logs is often a complex and laborious process because a physical relationship cannot be established to show how the data are correlated. In this paper, we will develop the next generation of "intelligent" software that will extract rock properties and relevant reservoir information from well log databases. Our objective is to develop the next generation of "intelligent" software tools that will extract information from well log databases. The software will use fuzzy logic techniques because the data and our requirements are imperfect. In addition, it will use neural network techniques, since the functional structure of the data is unknown. In particular, the software will be used to group data into important data sets; extract and classify dominant and interesting patterns that exist between these data sets; discover secondary, tertiary and higher-order data patterns; and discover expected and unexpected structural relationships between data sets.
Mary E. Walker as Doctor (1940)

Journal Article Mary E. Walker as Doctor Get access Frederic Connett White Frederic Connett White Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 179, Issue 10, 7 September 1940, Page 174, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/179.10.174a Published: 07 September 1940
A phase III microbicide trial: methodological and ethical issues (2001)

The challenges encountered when implementing and performing a phase III microbicide trial are discussed, based on the experience of the UNAIDS trial with COL-1492, a 52.5mg Nonoxynol-9 containing vaginal gel. Participants are (or have been) recruited in Durban, Cotonou, Abidjan, Hat Yai, Bangkok and Johannesburg. Methodological issues discussed are: the study population, retention in the study, how to collect compliance data, role of colposcopy in microbicide research, use of a placebo or not, implications of multicentre trials. Ethical challenges that researchers in HIV prevention are facing include the enrolment of HIV-negative women only, condom counselling and its impact on microbicide studies, when does one obtain a truly informed consent, provision of HIV treatment. In spite of the multiple problems, this study is a rich experience for future research.
Interleukin 2 activates STAT5 transcription factor (mammary gland factor) and specific gene expression in T lymphocytes. (1995)

Although prolactin and interleukin 2 (IL-2) can elicit distinct physiological responses, we have found that their signal pathways share a common signal transducer and activator of transcription, STAT5. STAT5 was originally identified as a mammary gland factor induced by prolactin in lactating breast cells. Here we demonstrate that STAT5 is activated after IL-2 stimulation of two responsive lymphocyte cell lines, Nb2 and YT. Activation of STAT5 is measured both by IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and by IL-2-induced DNA binding. The STAT5 DNA recognition site is the same as the interferon gamma-activated site (GAS) in the interferon regulatory factor 1 gene. We demonstrate that the GAS element is necessary and sufficient for transcriptional induction by both IL-2 and prolactin in T lymphocytes. These results indicate that the role of STAT5 in the regulation of gene expression is not restricted to mammary cells or to prolactin, but is an integral part of the signal pathway of a critical immunomodulatory cytokine, IL-2.