gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term mechanical properties of rubber (2013)

Natural rubber has a good potential to be used as a material for the development of wave energy converters (WECs). Generally, rubber has the ability to withstand very large strains without permanent deformation or fracture and is not much affected by exposure to water. This makes it ideal for applications related to wave energy converter (WECs). However, there is a need to predict the efficiency of performance over the full lifetime of such an application given that WECs will represent large, expensive and novel products that must remain operational in an at-sea environment for 10-15 years. Pertaining to that criterion, fracture mechanics of rubber is an important aspect as well as strain-history and environmental effects.<br/><br/>The objective of this study is to gain a fundamental understanding of several factors that contribute to service lifetime: the effect of ozone and oxidation, stress-strain behaviour including hysteresis, set, and cyclic stress relaxation, mechanical fatigue and the possible role of poorly dispersed filler agglomerates in nucleating failure. The work includes studies of the effect of protective coating layers and of naturally aged rubber artefacts using a mathematical model for diffusion limited oxidation. A literature review has been performed to address rubber science and associated technology, including, the durability of rubber. Experiments encompassing the effect of ozone, cyclic stress-strain behaviour and crack growth & fatigue of rubber were performed to interpret the relevant properties for the consideration of the development of wave energy converters. New parameters for characterizing macro dispersion in rubber are introduced in an attempt to seek a correlation with the life span of rubbers.<br/><br/>All these observations and outcomes give an opportunity to enhance our understanding of the factors that determine long-term mechanical properties of rubber, to the general benefit of rubber science and technology.
As and P Desorption from III-V Semiconductor Surface in Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition Studied by Surface Photo-Absorption (1991)

As and P desorption processes from (001) oriented GaAs, InAs, GaP, and InP surfaces during metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are investigated by surface photo-absorption. The reflectivity varies from that of a group V stabilized surfaces, formed by the supply of AsH 3 or PH 3 , to that of a group III metal surface during the desorption of group V species in hydrogen carrier gas. This reflectivity change can be described by first-order kinetics. The rate equation including the activation energy can be obrained from the Arrhenius plot of the desorption rate constants. The desorption rate increases in the order of GaP, GaAs, InAs, and InP in the substrate temperature range of 400∼640°C. The observed desorption activation energies suggest that the desorption species are As 2 for GaAs (450∼560°C) and InAs (400∼460°C), P 2 for GaP (500∼620°C) and InP (below 390°C), and P for InP (above 390°C).
Power and area efficient 5T-SRAM with improved performance for low-power SoC in 65nm CMOS (2010)

This paper addresses performance and reliability issues in a 5T SRAM cell, and introduces a low power, reliable and high performance design in 65nm technology, which can be used as cache memory in processors and in low-power portable devices. The proposed SRAM cell features ~13% area reduction compared to a typical 6T cell. In addition, it features a biasing ground line, VSSM, which is charged by channel leakage current from memory cells in standby, and is used to pre-charge a single bit-line and bias the negative supply voltage of each memory cell to suppress standby leakage power. A major standby power reduction is gained compared to conventional 5T and 6T designs and up to ~30% compared to previous low-power 6T designs. The proposed design has read and static noises margins, as well as write `0' and read performance that are comparable to typical 6T designs. Write `1' is slower by ~11-31% depending on design choices and can be improved with minor cost of area and power.
Changes in Elastomers Due to Radiation from Cobalt (1955)

Abstract A survey has been made of the effects of intense gamma radiation on the physical properties of elastomers and plastics. Such information is required to determine the types of elastomers which are most resistant to radiation, to estimate the service life of elastomers exposed to radiation, and to show favorable trends in compounding for radiation resistance. Intense radiation may affect the physical properties of elastomers benficially or adversely, depending on the type of elastomer and the exposure dose, although hardening and embrittlement are most commonly observed. The possibility is apparent of developing elastomer compounds with improved radiation resistance, especially by the use of chemical agents which affect free-radical reactions. The nature of the elastomer, however, will probably severely limit what can be accomplished by compounding.
An Active Mesh Based Tracker For Feature Correspondences (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Amplified spontaneous emission and efficient tunable laser emission from a substituted thiophene-based oligomer (2002)

We investigated gain and lasing in spin-coated films of a soluble substituted oligothiophene. With increasing excitation power, the photoluminescence spectra show a clear line narrowing due to amplified spontaneous emission. We measure a low threshold (20 μJ cm−2) for line narrowing and a large gain cross section (6×10−16 cm2), indicating that this molecule is a promising active material for organic solid-state lasers. As a demonstrator, we realize a transverse electromagnetic (TEM00) single-mode laser with tunable emission from the yellow to the red (a range of 37 nm), with a pump threshold as low as 18 μJ cm−2 and efficiency of 1.9%. These results are among the best so far reported for organic lasers.
Altered Behavioral Performance and Live Imaging of Circuit-Specific Neural Deficiencies in a Zebrafish Model for Psychomotor Retardation (2014)

The mechanisms and treatment of psychomotor retardation, which includes motor and cognitive impairment, are indefinite. The Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is an X-linked psychomotor retardation characterized by delayed development, severe intellectual disability, muscle hypotonia, and spastic paraplegia, in combination with disturbed thyroid hormone (TH) parameters. AHDS has been associated with mutations in the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (mct8/slc16a2) gene, which is a TH transporter. In order to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of AHDS, MCT8 knockout mice were intensively studied. Although these mice faithfully replicated the abnormal serum TH levels, they failed to exhibit the neurological and behavioral symptoms of AHDS patients. Here, we generated an mct8 mutant (mct8-/-) zebrafish using zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated targeted gene editing system. The elimination of MCT8 decreased the expression levels of TH receptors; however, it did not affect the expression of other TH-related genes. Similar to human patients, mct8-/- larvae exhibited neurological and behavioral deficiencies. High-throughput behavioral assays demonstrated that mct8-/- larvae exhibited reduced locomotor activity, altered response to external light and dark transitions and an increase in sleep time. These deficiencies in behavioral performance were associated with altered expression of myelin-related genes and neuron-specific deficiencies in circuit formation. Time-lapse imaging of single-axon arbors and synapses in live mct8-/- larvae revealed a reduction in filopodia dynamics and axon branching in sensory neurons and decreased synaptic density in motor neurons. These phenotypes enable assessment of the therapeutic potential of three TH analogs that can enter the cells in the absence of MCT8. The TH analogs restored the myelin and axon outgrowth deficiencies in mct8-/- larvae. These findings suggest a mechanism by which MCT8 regulates neural circuit assembly, ultimately mediating sensory and motor control of behavioral performance. We also propose that the administration of TH analogs early during embryo development can specifically reduce neurological damage in AHDS patients.
Public health: emergency management: capability analysis of critical incident response (2003)

Since the 9/11 terrorist incident, homeland security efforts and the readiness of local emergency management agencies have become focal points in the war on terrorism. A significant issue faced by front line responders has been the significant increase in the number and type of potential incidents they must be prepared to handle. This paper describes a simulation-based approach that allows local county-level emergency management agencies to more quickly develop, test, and refine robust plans for an ever increasing list of potential threats. The focus of the simulation environment is on the information flow, coordination, and response of medical, police, and fire resources.
Determination of power deposition patterns for localized hyperthermia: A transient analysis (1988)

A technique for calculating the power deposition patterns required to maintain a uniform temperature throughout a tumour by application of the steady-state bioheat transfer equation was reported previously. In this paper the previous analysis is extended to define the power deposition patterns that are required to uniformly raise (and maintain) the temperature throughout the tumour to hyperthermic levels. The power deposition patterns are derived from the time-dependent bioheat transfer equation, and analytical results are developed for infinite half-space and spherical tumour models. A three-dimensional numerical method is presented which allows calculation of time-dependent power deposition patterns for arbitrarily shaped tumours. This method is applied to an example of a spherical tumour.
A portable datalogger to evaluate recall-based time-use measures. (1993)

Self-completed recall diaries have become a common tool in epidemiology and exposure assessment to determine the location and/or activities of subjects during study periods. Unfortunately, little effort has been made to determine the accuracy of such an approach for providing information without significant bias. It is usually assumed that subjects are truthful and complete in their recall. An electronic datalogger has been designed to allow subjects to record location changes as they occur in real time. Subjects carried the datalogger for 3-5 days and completed recall diaries at the end of each day. The concordance between the two records was found to be relatively good for the most commonly visited locations, e.g., bed/bath, workplace, etc. Poorer agreement was found for locations of short or infrequent visits, e.g., cellar or vehicle. The merits and shortcomings of the datalogger approach are discussed. While having external validation for recall diary records is clearly necessary, reliance on subject input to the datalogger presents its own problems related to subject compliance. Electronic approaches which do not require active subject input are recommended to aid in the evaluation of recall diaries.
A low-cost unrestricted fast playback scheme for video streaming (2005)

In this brief, we propose a low cost fast-forward and fast-backward playback scheme for video streaming applications. By reshaping the ordinary linear encoded group-of-pictures (GOP) structure into a hierarchical structure, the transmission overhead caused by frame dependencies can be reduced. The resulting video streaming system can provide all directions video playback with any speed-up factor. A set-top box architecture that supports the binary tree structured GOP playback is also described.
Urban runoff treatment using nano-sized iron oxide coated sand with and without magnetic field applying (2013)

Increase of impervious surfaces in urban area followed with increases in runoff volume and peak flow, leads to increase in urban storm water pollution. The polluted runoff has many adverse impacts on human life and environment. For that reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of nano iron oxide coated sand with and without magnetic field in treatment of urban runoff. In present work, synthetic urban runoff was treated in continuous separate columns system which was filled with nano iron oxide coated sand with and without magnetic field. Several experimental parameters such as heavy metals, turbidity, pH, nitrate and phosphate were controlled for investigate of system efficiency. The prepared column materials were characterized with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) instruments. SEM and EDXA analyses proved that the sand has been coated with nano iron oxide (Fe3O4) successfully. The results of SEM and EDXA instruments well demonstrate the formation of nano iron oxide (Fe3O4) on sand particle. Removal efficiency without magnetic field for turbidity; Pb, Zn, Cd and PO4 were observed to be 90.8%, 73.3%, 75.8%, 85.6% and 67.5%, respectively. When magnetic field was applied, the removal efficiency for turbidity, Pb, Zn, Cd and PO4 was increased to 95.7%, 89.5%, 79.9%, 91.5% and 75.6% respectively. In addition, it was observed that coated sand and magnetic field was not able to remove NO3 ions. Statistical analyses of data indicated that there was a significant difference between removals of pollutants in two tested columns. Results of this study well demonstrate the efficiency of nanosized iron oxide-coated sand in treatment of urban runoff quality; upon 75% of pollutants could be removed. In addition, in the case of magnetic field system efficiency can be improved significantly.
Buffer requirements for ABR traffic using congestion control mechanism (1999)

In this paper, we perform analysis and simulation for the calculation of the minimum buffer size requirements for Available Bit Rate (ABR) traffic. We utilized a recently developed feedback flow control congestion mechanism. This mechanism belongs to a class of Backpressure (BP) algorithms. It ensures no data loss and operates based on simple "stop" and "start" signals. In our analysis, a feedback scheme on multiple ABR connections is used. Two buffering approaches are analyzed: (1) A Dedicated Approach; in which the flow control mechanism is applied independently for each of the connections. Thus, each connection is provided with its own buffer. (2) A Shared Approach; in which there will be some form of buffer sharing among the ABR connections. We studied the effects of changing the distance between nodes (connection length), number of connections, and the peak rate of each connection on buffer requirements using the two approaches.
HiMLoc: Indoor smartphone localization via activity aware Pedestrian Dead Reckoning with selective crowdsourced WiFi fingerprinting (2013)

The large number of applications that rely on indoor positioning encourages more advancement in this field. Smartphones are becoming a common presence in our daily life, so taking advantage of their sensors can help to provide ubiquitous positioning solution. We propose HiMLoc, a novel solution that synergistically uses Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) and WiFi fingerprinting to exploit their positive aspects and limit the impact of their negative aspects. Specifically, HiMLoc combines location tracking and activity recognition using inertial sensors on mobile devices with location-specific weighted assistance from a crowd-sourced WiFi fingerprinting system via a particle filter. By using just the most common sensors available on the large majority of smartphones (accelerometer, compass, and WiFi card) and offering an easily deployable method (requiring just the locations of stairs, elevators, corners and entrances), HiMLoc is shown to achieve median accuracies lower than 3 meters in most cases.
A compressed implicit Jacobian scheme for 3D electromagnetic data inversion (2011)

Abstract We developed a compressed implicit Jacobian scheme for the regularized Gauss-Newton inversion algorithm for reconstructing 3D conductivity distributions from electromagnetic data. In this algorithm, the Jacobian matrix, whose storage usually requires a large amount of memory, is decomposed in terms of electric fields excited by sources located and oriented identically to the physical sources and receivers. As a result, the memory usage for the Jacobian matrix reduces from O(NFNSNRNP) to O[NF(NS + NR)NP], where NF is the number of frequencies, NS is the number of sources, NR is the number of receivers, and NP is the number of conductivity cells to be inverted. When solving the Gauss-Newton linear system of equations using iterative solvers, the multiplication of the Jacobian matrix with a vector is converted to matrix-vector operations between the matrices of the electric fields and the vector. In order to mitigate the additional computational overhead of this scheme, these fields are further compressed using the adaptive cross approximation (ACA) method. The compressed implicit Jacobian scheme provides a good balance between memory usage and computational time and renders the Gauss-Newton algorithm more efficient. We demonstrated the benefits of this scheme using numerical examples including both synthetic and field data for both crosswell and controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) applications.
<i>In vitro</i>DNA cytosine roethytation of cis-regulatory elements modulates c-Ha-ras promoter activity in vivo (1989)

The effect of DNA cytosine methylation on promoter activity was assessed using a transient expression system employing pHrasCAT. This 551 bp Ha-ras-1 gene promoter region is enriched with 84 CpG dinucleotides, six functional GC boxes, and is prototypic of many genes possessing CpG islands in their promoter regions. Bacterial modification enzymes HhaI methyl transferase (MTase) and HpaII MTase, alone or in combination with a human placental DNA methyltransferase (HP MTase) that methylates CpG sites in a generalized manner, including asymmetric elements such as GC box CpG's, were used to methylate at different types of sites in the promoter. Methylation of HhaI and HpaII sites reduced CAT expression by approximately 70%-80%, whereas methylation at generalized CpG sites with HP MTase inactivated the promoter by greater than 95%. The inhibition of H-ras promoter activity was not attributable to methylation-induced differences in DNA uptake or stability in the cell, topological form of the plasmid, or methylation effects in non-promoter regions.
PoliSave: Efficient power management of Campus PCs (2010)

In this paper we study the power consumption of networked devices in a large Campus network, focusing mainly on PC usage. We first define a methodology to monitor host power state, which we then apply to our Campus network. Results show that typically people refrain from turning off their PC during not-working hours so that more than 1500 PCs are always on, causing a large power waste. We then design PoliSave, a simple web-based architecture which allows users to schedule power state of their PCs, avoiding the frustration of wasting long power-down and bootstrap times of today PCs. By exploiting already available technologies like Wake-On-Lan, Hibernation and Web services, PoliSave reduces the average PC uptime from 15.9h to 9.7h during working days, generating an energy saving of 0.6kW/h per PC per day, or a saving of more than 250,000 Euros per year considering our Campus University. 1
Prismatic Coupling Structure for Intrachip Global Communication (2009)

Metal wires for global communication on integrated circuits have become problematic as device integration densities scale with rapid advancements in CMOS technology. They may not be able to deliver the growing bandwidth requirements of future microprocessors. Optical interconnect technologies may provide a solution to meet this challenge and extend Moore's law. In this paper, a novel guided-wave optical interconnect fabric aiming to replace the slow global metal interconnections is proposed and analyzed. The reflection-mode multiple-quantum-well-modulator-based optical interconnection approach is projected to achieve high coupling efficiency and be compatible with standard CMOS processes. The key notion is a prismatic coupling structure that is embedded in the optical waveguide and therefore has a very small footprint in the circuit. Ray-trace and finite-difference time-domain simulation results predict high coupling efficiency of this structure.
Modulated fatty acid desaturation via overexpression of two distinct<i>ω</i>‐3 desaturases differentially alters tolerance to various abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco cells and plants (2005)

Changes in the degree of fatty acid (FA) desaturation are implicated in plant responses to various abiotic stresses, including heat, salt and drought. However, it is still not known whether decreased levels of linolenic acid, found in many plants subjected to salt and drought stress, reflect a mechanism of defence or damage. We addressed this question by generating tobacco cells and plants ectopically overexpressing two FA desaturases: the cytosolic FAD3 or the plastidic FAD8. A remarkable increase in the ratio of total linolenic to linoleic acids resulted from overexpression of FAD3, whereas ectopic overexpression of FAD8 induced an increased ratio mainly in the plastidic lipids. Here we present evidence that overexpressing FAD8 imposes much greater heat sensitivity than does FAD3 overexpression, in both cultured cells and whole plants. Overexpression of either FAD3 or FAD8 increases tolerance to drought in tobacco plants and to osmotic stress in cultured cells. These findings suggest that a drought-induced decreased level of linolenic acid reflects damage. Our results point to the potential of exploiting FAD overexpression as a tool to ameliorate drought tolerance.
Borrelia burgdorferi sp. nov.: Etiologic Agent of Lyme Disease (1984)

A review of reports on the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of strains of the spirochete which causes Lyme disease revealed that these organisms are representative of a new species of Borrelia. We propose the name Borrelia burgdorferi for this species. The type strain of B. burgdorferi is strain B31 (= ATCC 35210). In two separate studies the guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid of the type strain was determined to be 29.0 to 30.5 mol% (thermal denaturation method).