gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computation of Sand Production in Water Injectors (2007)

Abstract A significant proportion of the future oil production is expected to be driven by water injectors and in reservoirs that are sand prone. Achieving sweep efficiency and sand control in such formations is challenging. In many cases the ideal sand control is no sand control (e.g., a C&P completion) requiring rigorous sanding assessment. Sand production in injectors often go unnoticed until it is too late (sand covering the pay) making it difficult to ascertain the specific set of conditions resulting in sanding and the severity of the individual sanding episodes. Based on physics and mechanisms governing sanding, general factors can be postulated on the causes of sanding but not in a quantitative form. To provide a deeper insight into this matter, a numerical study has been undertaken to model sanding in injectors with due account of several inter-coupled factors including injection pressure, crossflow, waterhammer pressure pulses, degradation of the formation matrix resulting from repeated shut-downs and others. This paper describes the concepts used for sand production modelling and shows application of the model to a field problem involving a C&P completion in a sand prone reservoir. The results show the mode and magnitude of sanding are influenced by the rock properties, injection operations and the equipment type and installation. The cases analyzed indicate a correspondence between the rate of shut-in and the onset of sanding. In cases involving unconsolidated sands, the waterhammer effects have a pronounced impact on sanding. Sand control can be omitted in even very weak rocks provided the injection pressure is optimized, frequency of hard shut-downs is controlled and hardware is positioned in such a manner to reduce the waterhammer pressure pulse magnitude. The proposed modeling can be used in determining the sand sump capacity required over the projected life of the well.
Environmental control of phosphorylation pathways in a branched two‐component system (2010)

NblS, the most conserved histidine kinase in cyanobacteria, regulates photosynthesis and acclimatization to a variety of environmental conditions. We used in silico, in vivo and in vitro approaches to identify RpaB and SrrA as the cognate response regulators of NblS and to characterize relevant interactions between components of this signalling system. While genetic analysis showed the importance of the NblS to RpaB phosphorylation branch for culture viability in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, in vitro assays indicated a strong preference for NblS to phosphorylate SrrA. This apparent discrepancy can be explained by environmental insulation of the RpaB pathway, achieved by RpaB-dependent repression of srrA under standard, low light culture conditions. After a strong but transient increase in srrA expression upon high light exposure, negative regulation of srrA and other high light inducible genes takes place, suggesting cooperation between pathways under environmental conditions in which both RpaB and SrrA are present. Complex regulatory interactions between RpaB and SrrA, two response regulators with a common evolutionary origin that are controlled by a single histidine kinase, are thus emerging. Our results provide a paradigm for regulatory interactions between response regulators in a branched two-component system.
Particle methods for Bayesian modeling and enhancement of speech signals (2002)

This paper applies time-varying autoregressive (TVAR) models with stochastically evolving parameters to the problem of speech modeling and enhancement. The stochastic evolution models for the TVAR parameters are Markovian diffusion processes. The main aim of the paper is to perform on-line estimation of the clean speech and model parameters and to determine the adequacy of the chosen statistical models. Efficient particle methods are developed to solve the optimal filtering and fixed-lag smoothing problems. The algorithms combine sequential importance sampling (SIS), a selection step and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. They employ several variance reduction strategies to make the best use of the statistical structure of the model. It is also shown how model adequacy may be determined by combining the particle filter with frequentist methods. The modeling and enhancement performance of the models and estimation algorithms are evaluated in simulation studies on both synthetic and real speech data sets.
Noise associated with distributed resistance of MOSFET gate structures in integrated circuits (1984)

The effect of thermal voltage fluctuations in a resistive gate matrix perpendicular to the direction of channel current, in a MOSFET, are treated in detail. A general formula is derived to arrive at channel current fluctuations for an arbitrary gate matrix layout. This formulation is an extension of the analysis done by Thornber and is valid for frequencies at which the distributed RC time constants associated with the gate matrix are not important. The results of this analysis can be used to design low-noise resistive gate structures.
An efficient artificial bee colony algorithm for optimising the design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna (2018)

Antenna is a very important component of communication systems. An antenna is a device used to transform an RF signal, travelling on conductor, into an electromagnetic wave in free space. The transmitter signal is sent into space by a transmitting antenna; the RF signal is picked up from space by a receiving antenna. Microstrip antenna is also referred as a patch antenna. In designing rectangular microstrip patch antennas, a number of substrate can be used. Rectangular microstrip patch antennas are attractive due to their light weight, conformability and low cost. These antennas can be integrated with printed strip-line feed networks and active devices. The design is determined by optimal selection of dimensions, which represent the length and width, of the antenna structure. To optimise the dimensions, ABC-PSO algorithm is proposed in our work. The experimental results demonstrated that the designed antenna gives ideal radiation characteristics over the operating bands. Subsequently, the performance is compared in detail with the existing designs. The cheering outcomes achieved have unequivocally ratified effectiveness of our proposed technique and is able to improve the design parameter.
lun bao xi ya xing xiang de duo zhong xing (2006)

莎士比亚喜剧 中的鲍西亚一直被定义为完美的文艺复兴标准女性,智慧、美丽、温柔、淘气,此结论似乎已经盖棺定论.本文拟采用细读文本方法,结合剧中几个有代表性的片断,初步探讨鲍西亚的多重形象.文章认为:鲍西亚不只是一个正面人物,而是一个具有多重性的立体形象:仁爱、慈悲、宽厚的同时也不乏冷漠、狭隘、残忍的一面.
Near Infrared Light Amplification in Dye-Doped Polymer Waveguide (2006)

We have investigated near infrared amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in dye-doped polymer waveguides under optical pumping. As a near infrared emitting dye, 2-[7-(1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-1,3,5-heptatrienyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium iodide dispersed in poly(vinylpyrrolidone) was used. Dye-doped polymer waveguides were made by spin coating on glass substrates. According to gain and loss measurements at ASE peak wavelengths, the waveguides exhibited a very large net gain of 34.8 cm-1 and a low loss of 8.4 cm-1. This high gain performance was obtained at a dye concentration of 2.0 wt %, and was attributed to a large effective stimulated emission cross section of the doped dye. Furthermore, ASE wavelengths were varied in a range of 825–870 nm by doping concentrations because of self-absorption effects.
Characterization and mutational analysis of the helicase and NTPase activities of hepatitis C virus full-length NS3 protein. (1999)

The non-structural protein 3 (NS3) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) possesses three activities which are likely to be essential for virus replication; a serine protease located in the N terminus and helicase and NTPase activities located in the C terminus. Sequence analysis of the helicase/NTPase domain has identified motifs indicative of the DEAD-box family of helicases. Here we present the characterization of the helicase and NTPase activities of full-length NS3, expressed as a His-tagged fusion protein in E. coli, and make comparisons with published data of NS3 helicase domain alone. The helicase and NTPase activities of full-length NS3 have been demonstrated and we have characterized the effects of amino acid substitutions on conserved motifs of NS3 helicase. Helicase and NTPase activities were dependent on Mg2+ and ATP and inhibited by monovalent cations. NS3 was able to hydrolyse all four NTPs and dNTPs to drive DNA duplex unwinding but with differing abilities. NTPase activity was stimulated by all polynucleotides tested, with poly(U) having the greatest effect. Mutational analysis of conserved motifs of NS3 helicase showed all conserved residues to be required for optimal activity. These results are in accord with a recently proposed model for NS3 helicase activity.
Color Preference of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with Reference to Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Leafminers in Hawaiian Lettuce Farms (1987)

Journal Article Color Preference of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with Reference to Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Leafminers in Hawaiian Lettuce Farms Get access L. S. Yudin, L. S. Yudin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. C. Mitchell, W. C. Mitchell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. J. Cho J. J. Cho Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 80, Issue 1, 1 February 1987, Pages 51–55, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/80.1.51 Published: 01 February 1987 Article history Received: 31 December 1985 Accepted: 09 September 1986 Published: 01 February 1987
Dynamic Synchronous/Asynchronous Replication (2013)

Online, remote, data replication is critical for today’s enterprise IT organization. Availability of data is key to the success of the organization. A few hours of downtime can cost from thousands to millions of dollars With increasing frequency, companies are instituting disaster recovery plans to ensure appropriate data availability in the event of a catastrophic failure or disaster that destroys a site (e.g. flood, fire, or earthquake). Synchronous and asynchronous replication technologies have been available for a long period of time. Synchronous replication has the advantage of no data loss, but due to latency, synchronous replication is limited by distance and bandwidth. Asynchronous replication on the other hand has no distance limitation, but leads to some data loss which is proportional to the data lag. We present a novel method, implemented within EMC Recover-Point, which allows the system to dynamically move between these replication options without any disruption to the I/O path. As latency grows, the system will move from synchronous replication to semi-synchronous replication and then to snapshot shipping. It returns to synchronous replication as more bandwidth is available and latency allows.
ARSENIC AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (1931)

In the latter part of the nineteenth century arsenic, chiefly in the form of solution of potassium arsenite (Fowler's solution), was the standard remedy in diseases of the blood. It was used to increase the red blood cells and hemoglobin in certain anemias and to decrease the white blood cells in leukemia. Cutler and Bradford<sup>1</sup>were among the first to study quantitatively and scientifically the effects of arsenic on the cells of the blood. In 1878 they published the results obtained in five cases studied at the Boston City Hospital; two of the cases showed a normal blood, two were cases of anemia, and one was a case of leukemia. They made careful total counts of the white and red blood cells and found that the administration of solution of potassium arsenite in health caused a progressive decrease in the number of red and white blood corpuscles. In simple
Resorption of, and bone formation from, new ?-tricalcium phosphate-monocalcium phosphate cements: Anin vivo study (1996)

Hard cylinders (4.7 x 10 mm) of two kinds of beta-tricalcium phosphate-monocalcium phosphate monohydrate-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (beta-TCP-MCPM-CSH) cements with and without beta-TCP granules (500-1000 microns) were implanted into holes drilled in rabbit femoral condyles for up to 16 weeks. Empty cavities were used as control. Cement resorption and new bone formation in the cylinders were evaluated with contact microradiography and quantified through an automatic image analysis system. At 4 weeks, both kinds of cement cylinders were surrounded by new bone. At 8 weeks, except for beta-TCP granules, both cement cylinders were almost completely resorbed and replaced by bone tissue. At 16 weeks the bone in the cavities of both cements recovered a trabecular pattern, but only the bone trabeculae in the initial cavity of the cement with beta-TCP granules became thick and mature. However, the cavities of the empty control were still empty and large. These results show that the beta-TCP-MCPM-CSH cements stimulate bone formation and are rapidly replaced by bone tissue. When added with nonresorbable beta-TCP granules, this cement maintains bone formation for a longer time.
Investigation of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (<scp>UGTs</scp>) Inhibitory Properties of Carvacrol (2011)

UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), the most important phase II drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), could metabolize many drugs and various endogenous substances including bilirubin, steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, bile acids and fat‐soluble vitamins. Evaluation of the inhibitory effects of compounds on UGTs is clinically important because inhibition of UGT isoforms could not only result in serious drug–drug interactions (DDIs), but also induce metabolic disorders of endogenous substances. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of carvacrol on major UGT isoforms. The results showed that carvacrol could inhibit the activity of UGT1A9 with negligible effects on other UGT isoforms. When 4‐methylumbelliferone (4‐MU) was used as a nonspecific probe substrate and recombinant UGT enzymes were utilized as an enzyme resource, the inhibition of UGT1A9 was best fit to the competitive type and the inhibition kinetic parameter ( K i ) was calculated to be 5.7 µ m . Furthermore, another specific probe substrate, propofol, was employed to determine the inhibitory kinetics of UGT1A9, and the results demonstrated that the inhibitory type was noncompetitive. The inhibition kinetic parameter ( K i ) was determined to be 25.0 µ m . Because this substrate‐dependent inhibition of UGT1A9 might confuse the in vitro–in vivo extrapolation, these in vitro inhibition kinetic parameters should be interpreted with special caution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined hematopoietic and lentiviral gene‐transfer therapies in newborn Twitcher mice reveal contemporaneous neurodegeneration and demyelination in Krabbe disease (2009)

This study characterized the therapeutic benefits of combining hematogenous cell replacement with lentiviral-mediated gene transfer of galactosylceramidase (GALC) in Twitcher mice, a bona fide model for Krabbe disease. Bone marrow cells and GALC-lentiviral vectors were administered intravenously without any preconditioning to newborn Twitcher pups before postnatal day 2. Treated Twitchers survived up to 4 months of age. GALC activity remained less than 5% of normal values in the nervous system for the first 2 months after treatment and reached approximately 30% in long-term-surviving mice. Long-term reconstitution of GALC activity in the nervous system was provided primarily by infiltrating macrophages and to a lesser extent by direct lentiviral transduction of neural cells. Treated Twitchers had significant preservation of myelin, with a G-ratio (ratio of the axon diameter to the diameter of the myelinated fiber) in sciatic nerve myelin of 0.75 +/- 0.08 compared with 0.85 +/- 0.10 in untreated mutants. Although treated mutants had improved locomotor activities during their long-term survival, they died with symptoms of progressive neurological degeneration, indistinguishable from those seen in untreated Twitchers. Examination of long-lived Twitchers showed that treated mutants were not protected from developing degeneration of axons throughout the neuroaxis. These results suggest that GALC deficiency not only affects myelinating glia but also leads to neuronal dysfunction. The contemporaneous neuropathology might help to explain the limited efficacy of current gene and cell therapies.
Construction and selection of the natural immune Fab antibody phage display library from patients with colorectal cancer (2001)

The natural immune Fab antibody phage display libraries of colorectal cancer were constructed. They could be used to select the relative antibodies of colorectal cancer.
EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF ACETOXYFIMBROLIDES AND BECKERELIDES ANALOGS (1983)

Abstract An efficient synthesis of acetoxyfimbrolides and beckerelides analogs has been developed via peracid oxidation of 2-methyl-4-(1-acetoxybutyl)furan as the key synthetic step. Antimicrobial activity of the products has also been tested.
Chronic Effects of Berberine on Blood, Liver Glucolipid Metabolism and Liver PPARs Expression in Diabetic Hyperlipidemic Rats (2008)

Berberine is one of the main alkaloids of Rhizoma coptidis which has been used as a folk medicine to treat diabetes mellitus for more than 1400 years in China. To investigate the chronic effect of berberine on diabetic hyperlipidemic rats, fasted rats were intraperitoneally injected 35 mg/kg streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were admitted after 2 weeks and given a high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia. The rats were divided into 7 groups at the end of week 16: normal and diabetic rats received no drug, 5 treatment groups were administered with either 75, 150, 300 mg/kg berberine, 100 mg/kg fenofibrate or 4 mg/kg rosiglitazone per day for 16 weeks, respectively. The blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, lipid metabolic parameters and hepatic glycogen and triglyceride were measured, and histopathology and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) alpha/delta/gamma expression of liver were determined by hematoxylin eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Berberine reduced diabetic rats' body weight, liver weight and liver to body weight ratio. Berberine restored the increased blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and the decreased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI levels in diabetic rats to near the control ones. Berberine alleviated the pathological progression of liver and reverted the increased hepatic glycogen and triglyceride to near the control levels. Berberine increased PPARalpha/delta expression and reduced PPARgamma expression in liver of diabetic rat to near the control ones. Berberine improved glucolipid metabolism both in blood and liver in diabetic rats possibly through modulating the metabolic related PPARalpha/delta/gamma protein expression in liver.
Allosteric Inhibition of Zinc-Finger Binding in the Major Groove of DNA by Minor-Groove Binding Ligands (2004)

In recent years, two methods have been developed that may eventually allow the targeted regulation of a broad repertoire of genes. The engineered protein strategy involves selecting Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger proteins that will recognize specific sites in the major groove of DNA. The small molecule approach utilizes pairing rules for pyrrole-imidazole polyamides that target specific sites in the minor groove. To understand how these two methods might complement each other, we have begun exploring how polyamides and zinc fingers interact when they bind the same site on opposite grooves of DNA. Although structural comparisons show no obvious source of van der Waals collisions, we have found a significant "negative cooperativity" when the two classes of compounds are directed to the overlapping sites. Examining available crystal structures suggests that this may reflect differences in the precise DNA conformation, especially with regard to width and depth of the grooves, that is preferred for binding. These results may give new insights into the structural requirements for zinc finger and polyamide binding and may eventually lead to the development of even more powerful and flexible schemes for regulating gene expression.
Evaluation of an oleic acid water‐in‐oil‐in‐water‐type multiple emulsion as potential drug carrier<i>via</i> the enteral route (1992)

A water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion composed of oleic acid was used as a carrier of carboxyfluorescein (CF) via the enteral route, as a model for future drug transport. The absorption of CF in the small intestine of rats given the emulsion (W/O/W group) was compared with the absorption in a group administered CF alone (CF group), and a group administered a mixed micelle of oleic acid and a surface-active agent in CF solution (MM group). Higher amounts of CF were absorbed in the W/O/W and MM groups than in the CF group. At 120 min, the amount of CF remaining in the intestinal tract was smaller in the MM group than in the W/O/W group. In the early period, CF excretion into bile was higher in the MM group than in the W/O/W group, but from 120 to 360 min, CF excretion in the W/O/W group was higher than in the MM group (non-specific). The blood CF level was significantly higher at 240 and 360 min in the W/O/W group than in the other two groups. The highest concentration in lymph was found in the W/O/W group. The W/O/W emulsion was considered superior to the micelles because it maintained a higher blood level of CF over long periods and transferred it to the lymph. This suggests that the W/O/W emulsion is applicable as a drug carrier via the enteral route.
Novel Electron-Transporting Carbazolylphenylquinolines for Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2006)

We developed four types of novel electron-transporting carbazolylphenyl-quinoline (CQ) derivatives. The photophysical and thermal properties of these materials were studied. Moreover, these materials were applied for an electron-transport layer and for a host material in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes, and a high electroluminescence (EL) efficiency was obtained in these devices. With 2-(3-(3,6-diphenylcarbazole-9-yl)phenyl)lepidine (DPCLP) as a host and tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) [Ir(ppy) 3 ] as a guest, the highest EL efficiency of η ext =11.2% was obtained.