gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radial grating lateral shear heterodyne interferometer (1980)

A variable lateral shear heterodyne interferometer has been developed that is capable, for example, of measuring the high-bandwidth wave fronts in adaptive optical systems. The interferometer is used with a radial Ronchi grating and operates with a variety of spatially and temporally coherent light sources such as whitelight extended sources. The interferometer has been operated successfully in a real-time atmospheric compensation adaptive optical system.
Detecting double-compressed MP3 with the Same Bit-rate (2014)

The MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 can be recorded as archive and lawful evidence. However, this MP3 audio may often be forged by audio forgers for their own benefits in some significant events, which will cause double MP3 compression. In this paper, the statistical features based on scale factors under long window application in the iterative loop are extracted, and a Support Vector Machine is applied for classification to detect double MP3 compression. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate and effective for double MP3 compression detection at the same-bitrate condition. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to include other basic features in addition to MDCT coefficients in the scope of double audio compression detection.
ECVAM Good Cell Culture Practice Task Force Report 1 (2002)

The maintenance of high standards is fundamental toall good scientific practice, and is essential for ensur-ing the reproducibility, reliability, credibility, accept-ance and proper application of any results produced.The aim of this Good Cell Culture Practice (GCCP)initiative is to reduce uncertainty in the developmentand application of
The altered expression of neurofilament in mouse models and patients with spinal muscular atrophy (2021)

Our results show that blood NfH levels are informative in indicating disease onset and response to antisense oligonucleotides treatment in SMA mice, and indicate their potential as a peripheral marker reflecting the pathological status in central nervous system. In older patients with chronic SMA, however, the lower NfH levels may limit their application as biomarker, highlighting the need to continue to pursue additional biomarkers for this group of patients.
Identification of design requirements for a high-performance, low-cost, passive prosthetic knee through user analysis and dynamic simulation (2013)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Privacy preserving multi-factor authentication with biometrics (2006)

An emerging approach to the problem of reducing the identity theft is represented by the adoption of biometric authentication systems. Such systems however present however several challenges, related to privacy, reliability, security of the biometric data. Inter-operability is also required among the devices used for the authentication. Moreover, very often biometric authentication in itself is not sufficient as a conclusive proof of identity and has to be complemented with multiple other proofs of identity like passwords, SSN, or other user identifiers. Multi-factor authentication mechanisms are thus required to enforce strong authentication based on the biometric and identifiers of other nature.In this paper we provide a two-phase authentication mechanism for federated identity management systems. The first phase consists of a two-factor biometric authentication based on zero knowledge proofs. We employ techniques from vector-space model to generate cryptographic biometric keys. These keys are kept secret, thus preserving the confidentiality of the biometric data, and at the same time exploit the advantages of a biometric authentication. The second authentication combines several authentication factors in conjunction with the biometric to provide a strong authentication. A key advantage of our approach is that any unanticipated combination of factors can be used. Such authentication system leverages the information of the user that are available from the federated identity management system.
The three new pathways leading to Alzheimer's disease (2011)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) promise a significant impact on the understanding of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) as the genetic components have been estimated to account for 60-80% of the disease. The recent publication of results from large GWAS suggests that LOAD is now one of the best-understood complex disorders. Four recent large LOAD GWAS have resulted in the identification of nine novel loci. These genes are CLU--clusterin, PICALM--phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein, CR1--complement receptor 1, BIN1--bridging integrator 1, ABCA7--ATP-binding cassette transporter, MS4A cluster--membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A, CD2AP--CD2-associated protein, CD33--sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin and EPHA1--ephrin receptor A1. Collectively, these genes now explain around 50% of LOAD genetics and map on to three new pathways linked to immune system function, cholesterol metabolism and synaptic cell membrane processes. These three new pathways are not strongly linked to the amyloid hypothesis that has driven so much recent thinking and open up avenues for intensive research with regard to the potential for therapeutic intervention.
Seismic Streamer Position and Shape Estimation (1981)

Optimal utilization of the acoustic signals received by the individual hydrophones of a towed seismic streamer requires knowledge of the relative cross-track positions of the hydrophones and their absolute positions with respect to the towship. Consequently, it is necessary to estimate the streamer shape so that the hydrophone positions can be estimated. A polynomial approximation is considered, and justification is given for its use as a basis function. Maximum likelihood techniques are used to develop optimal estimates (in the mean square sense) of the horizontal and vertical polynomial coefficients. Because these estimates are efficient, absolute error variance expressions are calculated. An example is provided to demonstrate the potential of the optimal shape and position estimator.
Condensation Reaction of Aminoalkylesters with Imides (1968)

アミノアルコール類をエステル化し,生成したアミノアルキルエステル類と酸イミドとを180℃ 以上に加熱するとa定量的に酸を分離して縮合することが判明した。この縮合体は,酸またはアルカリと加熱すると容易に加水分解されてアルキレンジアミン類をそれぞれ収率よく与えた。本報では,アミノアルキルエステル類として,ポリアミノエステル,アミノボリエステル,環状アミノエチルエステル,アミノ第ニアルコールエステルおよびγ-アミノブロピルエステルの各場合を検討した。その結果,反応はいずれも円滑に進行した。
Research on job-shop scheduling problem based on Self-Adaptation Genetic Algorithm (2010)

The multi-objective optimization problem in flexible job-shop scheduling was discussed. According to the characteristics of flexible job-shop scheduling, a new self-adaptive genetic algorithm was proposed, and the model of Multi-Objective Flexible Job-shop Scheduling (MOFJS) was set up. At last, by programming with Matlab and Visual C++, the algorithm was applied to solve the MOFJS problem in Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprises, and the optimization scheduling solution was obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective for MOFJS.
RADAR LEVEL GAUGING AND CARGO CONTROL (1986)

A radar-based cargo gaging system for tankers has been available since 1976. This method involves no contact with the liquid, and about 250 systems have been installed. This paper describes the radar method and considers other contact-less methods that could be used for marine tank gaging. It also discusses operational experience of the system and modifications carried out since the first deliveries. There has been a trend toward integrated cargo systems, which, in combination with the use of color graphic visual display units, provide a better overview for the operator and make possible savings in console space. A new integrated system called TankRadar is described. This system measures the tank level, the temperature, the inert-gas pressure and other parameters. Electronic control of pumps and valves can also be included. Control is exercised using a function keyboard while a corresponding mimic diagram is displayed on a color graphic cathode ray tube.
FIA CL determination of salicylic acid by a solid phase reactor of copper carbonate incorporated in glassfiber (2000)

The determination of salicylic acid was carried out by reaction of the drug with copper carbonate entrapped in a glassfieric material in a solid phase reactor,and the released cupric ions were monitored by chemiluminescence.The calibration graph was liner over the rang 0.05～250μg·ml 1 of salicylic acid ,RSD was 1.6% The influence of foreign species was studied and the method was applied to determination of salicylic acid content in the different pharmaceutical formulations,the recovery was 97%～99%.
Bone Induction in Excavation Chambers in Matrix of Decalcified Dentin (1967)

EXPERIMENTS by Charles B. Huggins and his associates,<sup>1</sup>and many others during the past thirty years,<sup>2-11</sup>demonstrate that whole toothbuds and parts of toothbuds possess the capacity to grow and develop in areas of the body other than the jawbone, even in the form of explants in tissue culture. The toothbud not only continues its characteristic development, but also exhibits the capacity to induce undifferentiated connective tissues to form bone. To explain these observations, Hoffman<sup>12</sup>postulates that the enamel organ and its derivative, Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, stimulates connective tissue cells to differentiate into bone cells, while Zussman<sup>13</sup>contends that odontoblasts which had previously participated in dentin formation can produce bone even when not in contact with oral tissues. Except that the new bone originates from proliferating living cells in both the transplanted tooth and in the host bed, present knowledge of the local physiology of
Hemodynamic Response to the Upright Posture (1994)

The authors' objective was to review previous studies of immediate (first 30 seconds) and stabilized (30 seconds to 20 minutes) hemodynamic responses of healthy adults to the head-up posture, with particular reference to alteration of such responses in the elderly and the usefulness of such data in the diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension. The immediate response in healthy young adults is characterized by a prompt rise in heart rate, which peaks at about 8 to 15 seconds and then tapers; the arterial pressure and total vascular resistance decrease sharply at 5 to 10 seconds, followed by a rapid rebound and overshoot. Over the first 30 seconds there is a steady parallel decline of thoracic blood volume and stroke volume; there is also an initial surge of cardiac output followed by a steady decrease. During the stabilized response (30 seconds to 20 minutes), the hemodynamic variables are relatively steady, showing average increases in heart rate of about 15 to 30%, in diastolic pressure of 10 to 15%, and in total vascular resistance of 30 to 40%; during the 5th to 20th minutes there are also decreases in thoracic blood volume averaging about 25 to 30%, in cardiac output 15 to 30%, and in pulse pressure about 5 to 10%. It is evident that in normal human subjects, assumption of the upright posture results in profound hemodynamic changes, most of them occurring during the first 30 seconds. In elderly subjects (aged 60-69 years), there are, in the upright posture, lesser increments of heart rate and diastolic pressure, but no significant differences from younger age groups in the response of thoracic blood volume, cardiac output or total vascular resistance. However, beginning at about age 75, there is an increasing incidence of orthostatic hypotension, which averages about 14 to 20% at age 75 and older. The tendency toward orthostatic hypotension in the elderly is due (1) to the structural and functional changes in the circulation itself, (2) to a decline in autonomic function, and (3) to a probable functional deficiency of the skeletal muscle pump. The authors believe that closer hemodynamic monitoring of orthostatic hypotension patients would considerably increase our understanding and aid in the diagnosis of this condition.
Reducing small intestinal permeability attenuates colitis in the IL10 gene-deficient mouse (2008)

This work suggests that increased intestinal permeability may be an important aetiological event in the development of colitis in IL10(-)/(-) mice.
Nanocavity Redox Cycling Sensors for the Detection of Dopamine Fluctuations in Microfluidic Gradients (2010)

Electrochemical mapping of neurotransmitter concentrations on a chip promises to be an interesting technique for investigating synaptic release in cellular networks. In here, we present a novel chip-based device for the detection of neurotransmitter fluctuations in real-time. The chip features an array of plane-parallel nanocavity sensors, which strongly amplify the electrochemical signal. This amplification is based on efficient redox cycling via confined diffusion between two electrodes inside the nanocavity sensors. We demonstrate the capability of resolving concentration fluctuations of redox-active species in a microfluidic mixing gradient on the chip. The results are explained by a simulated concentration profile that was calculated on the basis of the coupled Navier-Stokes and convection-diffusion equations using a finite element approach.
Secure Ada Target: Issues, System Design, and Verification (1985)

The Secure Ada Target (SAT) machine is designed to meet or exceed the DoD requirements for multi-level secure systems. This paper describes the require-ments on such designs, our approach to meeting these requirements by introducing tagged objects, and a specialized tagged object processor (TOP) that handles all operations involving tagged objects. Basic system security is achieved using a small software kernel and the TOP. The structure of our proofs, such that the system satisfies appropriate security properties, will be outlined. Brief remarks concerning the implementation of user Ada programs on the SAT system conclude the paper. Our design approach is largely independent of CPU selection, though implementation details necessarily depend on the processor selection.
Synthesis and properties of the enantiomers of the two artificial fragrances lilial and methylundecanal (1990)

Abstract The enantiomers of the two artificial fragrances 3‐(4‐ tert ‐butylphenyl)‐2‐methylpropanal (lilial) and 2‐methylundecanal are synthesized with high enantiomeric purity using the SAMP/RAMP hydrazone method. The enantiomeric excesses are determined by HPLC via the corresponding SASP hydrazones. The olfactorial qualities of the enantiomers are described.
Mitigation of SCC Initiation on BWR Core Internals by Means of Hydrogen Water Chemistry during Start-Up (2005)

Hydrogen injection has been applied as a preventive measure against the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomenon in many boiling water reactors. However, it can be applied only during normal plant operation since hydrogen is usually injected into the feedwater and this system is in standby mode during start-up operations. It is estimated that the core internals are subjected to the strain rate that may cause susceptibility to SCC initiation during start-up. Therefore, it is beneficial to perform hydrogen injection during start-up as well in order to suppress SCC initiation.For this purpose, we installed an additional hydrogen injection system to be used during plant start-up at the Tokai-2 power station. This trial Hydrogen water chemistry During Start-up (HDS) system was applied following the 19th refueling and maintenance outage in December 2002. By comparing results obtained during this start-up with HDS to previous start-up data using normal water chemistry, we made the following observations. First, as the reactor water temperature increased from initial conditions up to 180°C via nuclear heating, dissolved oxygen and hydrogen peroxide concentrations decreased to levels lower than previously observed. Second, during subsequent nuclear heating, up to 250°C, the dissolved oxygen concentration did not exceed 1 ppb, and the electrochemical corrosion potential was maintained in a low range near –400 mV versus the standard hydrogen electrode.
Bipolar Mass Spectrometry of Labile Coordination Complexes, Redox Active Inorganic Compounds, and Proteins Using a Glass Nebulizer for Sonic-Spray Ionization (2013)

In this study, we report on the development of a novel nebulizer configuration for sonic-spray ionization (SSI) mass spectrometry (MS), more specifically for a version of SSI that is referred to as Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization (V-EASI) MS. The developed nebulizer configuration is based on a commercially available pneumatic glass nebulizer that has been used extensively for aerosol formation in atomic spectrometry. In the present study, the nebulizer was modified in order to achieve efficient V-EASI-MS operation. Upon evaluating this system, it has been demonstrated that V-EASI-MS offers some distinct advantages for the analysis of coordination compounds and redox active inorganic compounds over the predominantly used electrospray ionization (ESI) technique. Such advantages, for this type of compounds, are demonstrated here for the first time. More specifically, a series of labile heptanuclear heterometallic [Cu(II) 6Ln(III)] clusters held together with artificial amino acid ligands, in addition to easily oxidized inorganic oxyanions of selenium and arsenic, were analyzed. The observed advantages pertain to V-EASI appearing to be a "milder" ionization source than ESI, not requiring electrical potentials for gas phase ion formation, thus eliminating the possibility of unwanted redox transformations, allowing for the "simultaneous" detection of negative and positive ions (bipolar analysis) without the need to change source ionization conditions, and also not requiring the use of syringes and delivery pumps. Because of such features, especially because of the absence of ionization potentials, EASI can be operated with minimal requirements for source parameter optimization. We observed that source temperature and accelerating voltage do not seem to affect labile compounds to the extent they do in ESI-MS. In addition, bipolar analysis of proteins was demonstrated here by acquiring both positive and negative ion mass spectra from the same protein solutions, without the need to independently adjust solution and source conditions in each mode. Finally, the simple and efficient operation of a dual-nebulizer configuration was demonstrated for V-EASI-MS for the first time.
Dynamic Panner: An Adaptive Digital Audio Effect for Spatial Audio (2009)

The papers at this Convention have been selected on the basis of a submitted abstract and extended precis that have been peer reviewed by at least two qualified anonymous reviewers. This convention paper has been reproduced from the author&apos;s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents.
On the assessment of the macro-element methodology for full vehicle crashworthiness analysis (2017)

Very fast full vehicle simulations through the use of effective, but drastically simplified digital models is a topic of great interest to automotive manufacturers and research communities. A non-conventional modelling and simulation approach using the macro-element methodology, embedded in Visual Crash Studio (VCS), is assessed. Modelling practices for converting finite element models to macro-element models are developed and presented. A large number of automotive systems, ranging from components and sub-systems to full vehicle models, is investigated. Numerical results obtained from VCS and the finite element code LS-DYNA compared moderately in the majority of the cases. The accuracy and efficiency of the macro-element methodology for vehicle crashworthiness analysis as well as the necessity for model corrections are discussed. Through improved functionality and accuracy, the macro-element methodology could potentially enable engineers to evaluate multiple conceptual designs in shorter times and revolutionise the vehicle development phase.
Serum Vitamin D and Risk of Bladder Cancer (2010)

Vitamin D may protect against several cancers, but data about the association between circulating vitamin D and bladder cancer are limited. Within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, a randomized controlled trial conducted to determine the effects of α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplements on cancer incidence in male smokers, 250 bladder cancer cases were randomly sampled by month of blood collection. Controls were matched 1:1 to cases on age at randomization and date of blood collection. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of bladder cancer by a priori categories of baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; i.e., <25, 25 to <37.5, 37.5 to <50, ≥50 nmol/L] and by season-specific quartiles. After multivariable adjustment, we found that lower 25(OH)D was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of bladder cancer (versus ≥50 nmol/L; <25 nmol/L: OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.03-2.91; 25 to <37.5 nmol/L: OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.05-3.14; 37.5 to <50 nmol/L: OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.02-3.02; P trend=0.04). Similarly, increased risks for the lowest vitamin D category were observed when season-specific quartiles were used (Q1 versus Q4: OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.96-2.75; P trend=0.03). In this prospective study of male smokers, lower serum 25(OH)D was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. Future studies should examine the association in other populations, especially nonsmokers and women.
Partially hydrolyzed rapeseed protein isolates with improved functional properties (2000)

Abstract Limited rapeseed protein hydrolysates ranging from 3.1 to 7.7% hydrolysis were produced from isoelectric‐precipitated protein isolate. Water absorption, oil absorption, whippability, foam capacity and stability, emulsifying activity, and emulsion stability of the hydrolysates were determined. All protein hydrolysates showed better functional properties than the original protein isolate. Foam and emulsion stability decreased as the degree of hydrolysis increased. The hydrolysate with the lowest degree of hydrolysis showed the best functional properties. These improved functional properties make rapeseed protein hydrolysates a useful product to be used in foods such as breads, cakes, ice creams, meat products, desserts, and salad dressings.
A Study of Face Recognition as People Age (2007)

In this paper we study face recognition across ages within a real passport photo verification task. First, we propose using the gradient orientation pyramid for this task. Discarding the gradient magnitude and utilizing hierarchical techniques, we found that the new descriptor yields a robust and discriminative representation. With the proposed descriptor, we model face verification as a two-class problem and use a support vector machine as a classifier. The approach is applied to two passport data sets containing more than 1,800 image pairs from each person with large age differences. Although simple, our approach outperforms previously tested Bayesian technique and other descriptors, including the intensity difference and gradient with magnitude. In addition, it works as well as two commercial systems. Second, for the first time, we empirically study how age differences affect recognition performance. Our experiments show that, although the aging process adds difficulty to the recognition task, it does not surpass illumination or expression as a confounding factor.
The clinical spectrum of antinuclear antibodies associated with the nuclear dense fine speckled immunofluorescence pattern. (2005)

Anti-LEDGF/p75 antibodies are a common finding among ANA-positive individuals with no evidence of rheumatic autoimmune disease, and should be regarded as a low specificity finding even when in moderate or high titer.