gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcoding media for bandwidth constrained mobile devices (2005)

Bandwidth is an important consideration when dealing with streaming media. More bandwidth is required for complex data such as video as opposed to a simple audio file. When delivering streaming media, sufficient bandwidth is required to achieve an acceptable level of performance. If the information streamed exceeds the bandwidth capacity of the client the result will be ‘choppy’ and incomplete with possible loss of transmission. Transcoding typically refers to the adaptation of streaming content. Typical transcoding scenarios exploit content-negotiation to negotiate between different formats in order to obtain the most optimal combination of requested quality and available resources. It is possible to transcode media to a lesser quality or size upon encountering adverse bandwidth conditions. This can be accomplished without the need to encode multiple versions of the same file at differing quality levels. This study investigates the capability of transcoding for coping with restrictions in client devices. In addition, the properties of transcoded media files are examined and evaluated to determine their applicability for streaming in relation to a range of broad device types capable of receiving streaming media. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network coding performance: An emulation experiment (2008)

This paper compares the performance of network coding to a baseline protocol that uses OLSR, SPF and NORM. The performance of each protocol suite is characterized in a three-hour militarily-relevant network topology using five (emulated) applications: video, voice, file transfer, situation awareness and messaging. Network coding provides comparable performance while using substantially less bandwidth. Simplified example scenarios are presented to provide insight into the reasons for network codingpsilas improved performance.
RASCAL: Calculation of Graph Similarity using Maximum Common Edge Subgraphs (2002)

Journal Article RASCAL: Calculation of Graph Similarity using Maximum Common Edge Subgraphs Get access John W. Raymond, John W. Raymond Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Eleanor J. Gardiner, Eleanor J. Gardiner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Peter Willett Peter Willett Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Journal, Volume 45, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 631–644, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/45.6.631 Published: 01 January 2002
Base station cooperation based on location-aided in cellular system (2009)

Base station cooperation will bring a certain delay due to a series of signaling information exchange, cooperation strategy on base station based on location-aided is proposed in this paper. Future location information is provided by moving speed and direction to predict track of user. Signal strength and adjacent cell load combining with location information will be constraints to selecting cooperative base station. User can execute signaling interaction in advance with network before signal strength down to an intolerable to reduce delay to increase satisfaction of users. Meanwhile, Quality of signal in edge of cell is improved due to base station cooperation and handover requests decrease in the process of user mobility. Then unnecessary handover is avoided. Comparing with no location-aided, pseudo cooperative request and cooperative setting updating will be reduced. It was shown that base station cooperation based on location-aided we provided can reduce system overhead and increase system capacity.
Serum alleviates the requirement of the granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)‐induced Ras activation for proliferation of BaF3 cells (1994)

Deletion analysis of the beta subunit of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor previously defined two cytoplasmic regions required for distinct signaling. The membrane-proximal region is responsible for induction of c-myc and pim-1, and is indispensable for GM-CSF-dependent proliferation of mouse BaF3 transfectants. The distal region is required for activation of Ras, Raf-1, MAP kinase and p70 S6 kinase as well as induction of c-fos and c-jun, but is dispensable for GM-CSF-dependent proliferation of transfectants under normal culture conditions containing serum. Here we show that signals induced by the distal region of the beta subunit are also required for proliferation. GM-CSF supported proliferation of BaF3 transfectants expressing the normal beta subunit, even in serum-free medium. However, in the absence of seru, GM-CSF did not support proliferation of BaF3 transfectants that have the beta deletion mutants lacking the distal region. Serum-induced activation of Ras, phosphorylation of MAP kinase and expression of c-fos in parental BaF3 cells and antisense oligonucleotide against c-raf blocked DNA synthesis of BaF3 cells. These results indicate that proliferation of BaF3 cells requires signals induced by the proximal as well as the distal region of the beta subunit of the GM-CSF receptor, and that serum alleviates the requirement of signals induced by the distal region.
IDENTITY OF THE PINK-PIGMENTED METHANOL-OXIDIZING BACTERIA AS <i>VIBRIO EXTORQUENS</i> (1964)

Stocks, Peter K. (Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge), and C. S. McCleskey. Identity of the pink-pigmented methanol-oxidizing bacteria as Vibrio extorquens. J. Bacteriol. 88:1065-1070. 1964.-Pink-pigmented bacteria isolated from enrichment cultures of methane oxidizers were found to possess similar morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics. All the strains utilized methanol, formate, oxalate, succinate, glycerol, and benzene as sole carbon sources; methanol, formate, and glycerol afforded best growth. Most strains utilized fructose and ribose; other carbohydrates tested were not available as carbon and energy sources. There was strain variation in the use of hexane, heptane, n-propanol, n-butanol, acetate, and propionate. Methane, ethane, n-propane, and n-butane were not utilized. Our isolates, and Pseudomonas methanica of Harrington and Kallio (not the methane-dependent P. methanica of Dworkin and Foster), Pseudomonas AM1 of Peele and Quayle, Pseudomonas PRL-W4 of Kaneda and Roxburgh, and Protaminobacter ruber den Dooren de Jong are nearly identical with Vibrio extorquens (Bassalik) Bhat and Barker, and should be considered the same species.
Analytical fault modeling and static test generation for analog ICs (1994)

Static tests are key in reducing the current high cost of testing analog and mixed-signal ICs. A new DC test generation technique for detecting catastrophic failures in this class of circuits is presented. To include the effect of tolerance of parameters during testing, the test generation problem is formulated as a minimax optimization problem, and solved iteratively as successive linear programming problems. An analytical fault modeling technique, based on manufacturing defect statistics is used to derive the fault list for the test generation. Using the technique presented here an efficient static test set for analog and mixed-signal ICs can be constructed, reducing both the test time and the packaging cost.
Rheology and stability of phospholipid‐stabilized emulsions (1997)

Abstract Lecithin in cosmetic emulsions produces a unique “skin feel,” which can be related to its rheological properties. In this study, water‐in‐oil (w/o) and oil‐in‐water (o/w) emulsions were made from a cosmetic‐grade caprylic/capric triglyceride with deoiled lecithin and hydroxylated lecithin. Synthetic surfactants commonly used in commercial cosmetic products were used as controls. Optical light microscope investigation showed significant differences in the structures of the w/o and o/w emulsions made with the lecithins. Freeze/thaw tests were conducted to evaluate emulsion stability. The o/w emulsion (oil/water = 20:80) was stable with 3% hydroxylated lecithin at room temperature. However, 4% hydroxylated lecithin was needed for stabilizing the emulsion with an oil‐to‐water ratio of 20:80 or 30:70 through the freeze/thaw treatments. With 4% deoiled lecithin, the w/o emulsion showed a water‐holding capacity up to 80%, which was also stable through two freeze/thaw cycles. All emulsions in this study exhibited pseudoplastic flow, in which a minimum shearing stress, a yield value, was required before flow became linear. In general, the emulsion viscosity increased as lecithin content increased. Changing the oil‐to‐water ratio also affected the emulsion viscosity. The deoiled lecithin‐based w/o emulsions had higher yield values than hydroxylated lecithin‐based o/w emulsions. Therefore, more force was needed to spread the w/o emulsions. In addition, because w/o emulsions had more viscous continuous phases and a greater volume of internal phases, the w/o emulsions were more viscous than the o/w emulsions.
Fourier domain mode-locked swept source  at 1050 nm based on a tapered amplifier (2010)

While swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the 1050 nm range is promising for retinal imaging, there are certain challenges. Conventional semiconductor gain media have limited output power, and the performance of high-speed Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers suffers from chromatic dispersion in standard optical fiber. We developed a novel light source with a tapered amplifier as gain medium, and investigated the FDML performance comparing two fiber delay lines with different dispersion properties. We introduced an additional gain element into the resonator, and thereby achieved stable FDML operation, exploiting the full bandwidth of the tapered amplifier despite high dispersion. The light source operates at a repetition rate of 116 kHz with an effective average output power in excess of 30 mW. With a total sweep range of 70 nm, we achieved an axial resolution of 15 microm in air (approximately 11 microm in tissue) in OCT measurements. As our work shows, tapered amplifiers are suitable gain media for swept sources at 1050 nm with increased output power, while high gain counteracts dispersion effects in an FDML laser.
Robust Speech Coding for the Indoor Wireless Channel (1993)

Alternative methods for digitally transcoding speech for radio transmission in an indoor environment have been investigated and compared to the CCITT standard, adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM). <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> These alternative coders are designed to minimize the effects of transmission errors on the quality of the transcoded speech. The coders compared are CCITT standard G.721 ADPCM, adaptive sub-band coding, and two other non-standard versions of ADPCM. In general, when packets of data are lost, the adaptive sub-band coder performs extremely well in terms of maintaining speech quality, as the sub-band synthesis filters fill out the gaps in speech. However, the sub-band coder requires the greatest levels of complexity and delay. The other ADPCM systems offer lower complexity and delay — at the expense of lower speech quality.
GaAs Atomic Layer Epitaxy Using the KrF Excimer Laser (1989)

Complete self-limiting monolayer growth was achieved successfully in GaAs atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) using a KrF excimer laser. In thermal growth without laser irradiation, monolayer growth was achieved only for an extremely narrow temperature range around 500°C. With laser irradiation, monolayer growth was achieved for a relatively wide temperature range from 470°C to 530°C. The expanded temperature range for ALE under laser irradiation suggests an enhanced decomposition of Ga-containing adsorbates due to the photochemical effect, but not the thermal effect.
Assessing interactions in the brain with exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (2011)

Scalp electric potentials (electroencephalogram; EEG) are contingent to the impressed current density unleashed by cortical pyramidal neurons undergoing post-synaptic processes. EEG neuroimaging consists of estimating the cortical current density from scalp recordings. We report a solution to this inverse problem that attains exact localization: exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA). This non-invasive method yields high time-resolution intracranial signals that can be used for assessing functional dynamic connectivity in the brain, quantified by coherence and phase synchronization. However, these measures are non-physiologically high because of volume conduction and low spatial resolution. We present a new method to solve this problem by decomposing them into instantaneous and lagged components, with the lagged part having almost pure physiological origin.
Determinants of health and their trends : Primary Health Care : in context (2008)

Despite uncertainty about the exact levels of mortality, it is clear that the health of the South African population has worsened in the last decade. South Africa can be considered to have a quadruple burden of disease, including diseases and conditions related to poverty and under-development, chronic diseases, injuries and HIV and AIDS. The spread of HIV has been extremely rapid with an extensive impact, particularly among young adults and children. Differentials in health status have been observed between population groups, wealth groups, urban-rural and education levels. Globally, there has been a renewed interest in the determinants of health, including social determinants. A review of South African trends shows that economic and social policies have resulted in economic growth and some improvements in access to basic services such as water, sanitation and electricity. Increased provision of social grants, extreme wealth inequalities and high unemployment likely play an important role in poor health outcomes. Cultural and macro-social trends are difficult to capture, but of obvious concern to health are the culture of violence and the lower social status afforded to women. The theoretical understanding of health and its determinants is not completely formed. Nonetheless, the World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health argues that there is enough evidence for governments to take action following three principles: improving the daily living conditions of people; reducing health inequalities; and strengthening the ability to monitor population health. A revitalised Alma Ata provides an aspirational charter to build primary curative and preventive care accompanied by intersectoral action linking health and action.
Live tissue viability and chemosensitivity assays using digital holographic motility contrast imaging (2012)

Holographic optical coherence imaging is an en face form of optical coherence tomography that uses low-coherence digital holography as a coherence gate to select light from a chosen depth inside scattering tissue. By acquiring successive holograms at a high camera frame rate at a fixed depth, dynamic speckle provides information concerning dynamic light scattering from intracellular motility. Motility contrast imaging (MCI) uses living motion as a label-free and functional biomarker. MCI provides a new form of viability assay and also is applicable for proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. The results presented here demonstrate that low-coherence digital holography can extract viability information from biologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) tissue based on multicellular tumor spheroids by moving beyond the format of two-dimensional cell culture used for conventional high-content analysis. This paper also demonstrates the use of MCI for chemosensitivity assays on tumor exgrafts of excised ovarian cancer tumors responding to standard-of-care cisplatin chemotherapy. This ex vivo application extends the applicability of MCI beyond 3D tissue culture grown in vitro.
Identification of a gene for Cyt1A-like hemolysin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin and expression in a crystal-negative B. thuringiensis strain (1997)

A gene designated cyt1Ab1, encoding a 27,490-Da protein, was isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin (H30 serotype) by using an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the cyt1Aa1 gene. The sequence of the Cyt1Ab1 protein, as deduced from the sequence of the cyt1Ab1 gene, was 86% identical to that of the Cyt1Aa1 protein and 32% identical to that of the Cyt2Aa1 protein from B. thuringiensis subsp. kyushuensis. The cyt1Ab1 gene was flanked upstream by a p21 gene, in the same orientation, encoding a 21,370-Da protein that showed 84% similarity to the putative chaperone P20 protein from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and downstream, on the opposite strand, by a sequence showing 85% identity to the IS240A insertion sequence. The cyt1Ab1 gene was expressed at a high level in a nontoxic strain of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in which large inclusions of the Cyt1Ab1 protein were produced. Purified Cyt1Ab1 crystals were as hemolytic as those of the Cyt1Aa1 protein and were twice as hemolytic as those from the wild-type strain. Mosquitocidal activity toward Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex pipiens larvae was assayed. The toxicity of the Cyt1Ab1 protein was slightly lower than that of the Cyt1Aa1 protein for all three mosquito species, and Cyt1Ab1 was 150, 300, and 800 times less active toward Culex, Anopheles, and Aedes larvae, respectively, than were the native crystals from B. thuringiensis subsp. medellin.
ESD protection design and verification in a 0.35-μm CMOS ASIC library (2003)

In this paper, ESD protection design on the I/O cells of a CMOS ASIC library in a 0.35-/spl mu/m silicide CMOS technology is proposed with practical verification on the experimental testchips. The whole-chip ESD robustness of such I/O cells in the 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS ASIC library has been practically investigated by four 40-pins testchips with internal core circuits. By applying the efficient VDD-to-VSS ESD clamp circuit and the ESD-related process modifications, the whole-chip human-body-model (machine-model) ESD level of this 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS ASIC library can be greater than 6 kV (1 kV). By including the clamp devices into the input stage, the charged-device-model ESD level of the input pin can be greater than 2 kV.
Quantification of airflow into the maxillary sinuses before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (2013)

CFD simulations showed that the healed maxillary antrostomy after FESS can greatly enhance airflow into the MS. Our pilot study suggests that to some extent, increasing airflow into the MS may potentially improve chronic rhinosinusitis patients' quality of life pre-FESS and post-FESS.
Effects of microRNA-196a inhibitory sequences on HOXB8 expression in human pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells (2013)

Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-196a(miR-196a) inhibitory sequences transfection on HOXB8 expression in PANC1 cells.Methods PANC1 cells were divided into control group,miR-196a inhibitory sequences group and siRNA control group.Liposomal transfection method was applied to transfect miR 196a inhibitory sequences and siRNA control into PANC1 cells.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of miR-196a and HOXB8 mRNA and protein.Results After miR-196a inhibitory sequences transfection,when compared with that of siRNA control group,the expression of miR-196a was significantly decreased (0.05 ± 0.054 vs.0.839 ± 0.025,t =3.12,P ＜0.05) ; and the expression of HOXB8 mRNA was significantly increased by 1.57 folds (2.20 ± 0.07 vs.1.29 ± 0.10,t =3.86,P ＜ 0.05),the expression of HOXB8 protein was also obviously increased (0.90 ± 0.03 vs.0.40 ± 0.10,t =3.11,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions MicroRNA-196a down-regulates the expression of HOXB8.

Key words: 
Pancreatic neoplasms;  MicroRNA;  MicroRNA-196a;  HOXB8
Friend and Moloney murine leukemia viruses specifically recombine with different endogenous retroviral sequences to generate mink cell focus-forming viruses. (1985)

A group of mink cell focus-forming (MCF) viruses was derived by inoculation of NFS/N mice with Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV 1387) and was compared to a similarly derived group of MCF viruses from mice inoculated with Friend MuLV (Fr-MuLV 57). Antigenic analyses using monoclonal antibodies specific for MCF virus and xenotropic MuLV envelope proteins and genomic structural analyses by RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotide finger-printing indicated that the Moloney and Friend MCF viruses arose by recombination of the respective ecotropic MuLVs with different endogenous retrovirus sequences of NFS mice.
NEW ADVANCES IN HEAT EXCHANGER TECHNOLOGY (1996)

Heat exchanger takes up an important place in oil refining and petrochemical industry.The paper describe new advances of heat exchanger in large-scale and development of new products as petrochemical units develop. The status of research and development of heat exchangers for special use is also presented in the paper.
Synthesis of Copolymers from Phenylboronic Acid-Installed Cyclic Carbonates (2014)

Organoboron polymers play important roles in biomedical applications. An ample number of monomers bearing boronic acid derivatives have been synthesized, particularly focusing on controlled free radical polymerization methods. Organoboron polymers synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) routes are far less explored. We report on the ROP of boronic acid-installed cyclic carbonates, catalyzed by DBU from a poly(ethylene glycol) macroinitiator. Controlled polymerization proceeded to relatively high conversions (∼70%) with low polydispersity. Deprotection of the copolymer to generate the boronic acid pendant group was readily achieved by displacement of the protecting group with free diboronic acid. The resulting amphiphilic copolymers self-assembled in water into spherical nanoparticles or vesicles, depending on hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio. We envision these functional carbonates finding direct applications for core stabilization of biodegradable amphiphilic assemblies or in drug and protein encapsulation.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: correlation of esophageal pH testing and radiographic findings. (1992)

In an attempt to ascertain radiologic efficacy in patients with evidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) at pH testing, radiographic findings were correlated with pH values obtained with an esophageal monitor worn for a 24-hour period in 112 patients. Fifteen (30%) of 50 patients with abnormal pH test results had esophagitis diagnosed radiographically, compared with six (10%) of 62 with normal pH test results (P < .05). The severity of abnormal pH monitoring results was classified but did not correlate significantly with the prevalence of esophagitis diagnosed radiographically. Hiatal hernia was also more common (80% vs 60%) in patients with abnormal pH test results (40 of 50 patients) than in those with normal results (37 of 62 patients) (P < .05). Pharyngeal, laryngeal, and pulmonary symptoms were common indications for evaluation, and 14 of 27 (52%) patients with hoarseness had an abnormal pH tracing. Only a minority of patients with evidence of GERD as defined by abnormal pH test results had reflux esophagitis diagnosed radiographically.