gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous Monitoring of Distance Based Range Queries (2011)

Given a positive value r, a distance-based range query returns the objects that lie within the distance r of the query location. In this paper, we focus on the distance-based range queries that continuously change their locations in a euclidean space. We present an efficient and effective monitoring technique based on the concept of a safe zone. The safe zone of a query is the area with a property that while the query remains inside it, the results of the query remain unchanged. Hence, the query does not need to be reevaluated unless it leaves the safe zone. Our contributions are as follows: 1) We propose a technique based on powerful pruning rules and a unique access order which efficiently computes the safe zone and minimizes the I/O cost. 2) We theoretically determine and experimentally verify the expected distance a query moves before leaving the safe zone and, for majority of queries, the expected number of guard objects. 3) Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach is close to optimal and is an order of magnitude faster than a naïve algorithm. 4) We also extend our technique to monitor the queries in a road network. Our algorithm is up to two order of magnitude faster than a naïve algorithm.
A simple and fast probabilistic algorithm for computing square roots modulo a prime number (Corresp.) (1986)

A probabilistic polynomial-time algorithm for computing the square root of a number <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x \in {\bf Z}/P{\bf Z}</tex> , where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P = 2^{S}Q + 1(Q</tex> odd, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s > 0)</tex> is a prime number, is described. In contrast to the Adleman, Manders, and Miller algorithm, this algorithm gets faster as s grows. As with the Berlekamp-Rabin algorithm, the expected running time of the algorithm is independent of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</tex> . However, the algorithm presented here is considerably faster for values of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</tex> greater than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</tex> .
Synthesis of Copolymers Composed of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecylmethacrylate and tert-butylmethacrylate and Their Lithographic Properties in Carbon Dioxide (2008)

A series of random copolymers, composed of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro decyl methacrylate (FDMA) as a -philic monomer and tert-butyl methacrylate (TBMA) as an acid labile monomer, were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The solubility of copolymers in carbon dioxide, light sensitivity at 365 nm exposure, and photoresist pattern formation properties were investigated. Furthermore, sub micron-sized poly(styrenesulfonate) : poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PSS : PEDOT) conducting polymer patterns were successfully prepared by pattern transfer.
As One Sees Others (1930)

(1930). As One Sees Others. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 6-56.
Optimization design of block-plank structure of lock approach channel (2010)

This paper presents the optimization of the dimension of block-plank with the objective function and restricted functions,and obtains the solutions through solving the nonlinear optimization functions.For the convenience of application of this research achievement in water transportation engineering,this paper derives an analytical solution with simplified conditions,which has been validated with a high accuracy.
Interpolation (1990)

Interpolation ist eine der grundsätzlichen Problemstellungen der numerischen Mathematik. Diese Aufgabe steht auch am Anfang der Spline-Theorie (Interpolation mit kubischen Splines; schon die gewöhnliche lineare Interpolation zwischen zwei Werten kann als Interpolation durch Splines der Ordnung 2 aufgefasst werden).
Clinical Neuropathology: Text and Color Atlas (2006)

Clinical Neuropathology Text and Color Atlas , Clinical Neuropathology Text and Color Atlas , کتابخانه الکترونیک و دیجیتال - آذرسا
Shield: Fast, Practical Defense and Vaccination for Deep Learning using JPEG Compression (2018)

The rapidly growing body of research in adversarial machine learning has demonstrated that deep neural networks (DNNs) are highly vulnerable to adversarially generated images. This underscores the urgent need for practical defense that can be readily deployed to combat attacks in real-time. Observing that many attack strategies aim to perturb image pixels in ways that are visually imperceptible, we place JPEG compression at the core of our proposed Shield defense framework, utilizing its capability to effectively "compress away" such pixel manipulation. To immunize a DNN model from artifacts introduced by compression, Shield "vaccinates" a model by re-training it with compressed images, where different compression levels are applied to generate multiple vaccinated models that are ultimately used together in an ensemble defense. On top of that, Shield adds an additional layer of protection by employing randomization at test time that compresses different regions of an image using random compression levels, making it harder for an adversary to estimate the transformation performed. This novel combination of vaccination, ensembling, and randomization makes Shield a fortified multi-pronged protection. We conducted extensive, large-scale experiments using the ImageNet dataset, and show that our approaches eliminate up to 94% of black-box attacks and 98% of gray-box attacks delivered by the recent, strongest attacks, such as Carlini-Wagner's L2 and DeepFool. Our approaches are fast and work without requiring knowledge about the model.
Tissue Immunomicroscopic Evaluation of Monoclonality of B-Cell Lymphomas: Comparison with Cell Suspension Studies (1981)

A series of 80 tissues removed from patients having a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders were comparatively studied by cell suspension and cryostat frozen section tissue immunomicroscopic technics. Of 39 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas studied by cell suspension, only 18 had surface immunoglobulins (SIg) markers consistent with monotypia (46%). Conversely, immunohistochemistry showed 18 cases (92%). Among the 18 cases in which there was no correlation between immunohistochemistry and cell suspension studies (46%), a variety of cytologic variants of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was recognized, including nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, nodular large cell lymphoma, and a soft tissue plasmacytoma. The lack of correlation between the two technics may be due to several different mechanisms, including the selective enrichment of the suspension by nonneoplastic cell populations resulting in a sampling artifact, the disappearance of endogenous SIg in large or plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and the presence of membrane-bound exogenous polyclonal SIG. Immunohistochemistry represents a reliable, simple technic for establishing monotypia in non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas.
Equalizer-Free Transmission of 100-Gb/s 4-PAM Signal Generated by Flip-Chip Interconnection EADFB Laser Module (2016)

We fabricated a flip-chip interconnection lumped-electrode EADFB laser module and an optical receiver that includes a broadband electrical amplifier. Both have a 3-dB bandwidth of more than 50 GHz. Under 53.2-Gbaud 4-PAM (107 Gb/s) operation, clear eye openings were obtained without an equalizer even after a 2-km SMF transmission, and we obtained a BER of less than 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> under error-free conditions using KP4 FEC without an equalizer also after a 2-km SMF transmission.
Impedance matching for complex loads through nonuniform transmission lines (2002)

A numerical method for designing nonuniform transmission lines (NTLs) to match complex loads is presented. This method is based on solving an inverse problem derived from the telegrapher's equation. The matched NTLs are expected to have bandpass characteristics covering the sampling frequency points. A numerical algorithm is provided and verified by examples.
Empirical Equations for the Sauter Mean Diameter of a Diesel Spray (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">New empirical equations to represent the Sauter mean diameter of a spray injected by a diesel nozzle are presented in this paper. In order to determine the new equations, drop sizes of a diesel spray were analyzed by a laser diffraction technique. Liquids with different viscosities and different surface tensions were tested to obtain the generalized empirical equations. The maximum injection and maximum ambient pressures were 90 MPa and 3.0 MPa respectively. Both the minimum value of the injection pressure to produce a fine spray and the Sauter mean diameter increase the greater the viscosity and the surface tension of the liquid. At a high injection velocity, the Sauter mean diameter increases with an increase in ambient pressure, but it decreases when ambient pressure is increased at a low injection velocity. According to the effect of injection velocity and ambient pressure on break-up length and the drop size of the spray, spray formation mechanisms can be divided into two categories, the function of the injection velocity and the physical properties of the liquid. Finally, dimensionless analysis of each category leads to the general empirical equations for the Sauter mean diameter.</div>
Complicaciones poco frecuentes de la derivación ventrículo peritoneal en el Hospital del Niñ@ Manuel Ascencio Villarroel (2013)

espanolLa derivacion ventriculo peritoneal, constituye el tratamiento quirurgico de eleccion para la hidrocefalia o aumento del volumen ventricular que genera un aumento de la presion intracraneal, patologia que sin tratamiento puede llevar al dano cerebral irreversible o en caso contrario su resolucion tardia en secuelas irreversibles para los pacientes; pero ademas el tratamiento quirurgico tiene complicaciones que pueden deteriorar o complicar la recuperacion del paciente. En este apartado nos referimos a las complicaciones menos frecuentes que se presentan despues del tratamiento quirurgico, que algunas de las cuales se presentaron en los ninos del Hospital Manuel Ascencio Villarroel, con el objetivo de tenerlas siempre presentes, y considerar que aun siendo raras debemos tomarlas en cuenta. EnglishVentricular peritoneal shunt is the surgical treatment of choice for hydrocephalus or increased ventricular volume causes increased intracranial pressure pathology without treatment can lead to irreversible brain damage, otherwise its late resolution irreversible consequences for patients, but also surgical treatment has complications that may impair or complicate recovery. In this section we refer to the less common complications that occur after surgery at some patients in the Nin@ Manuel Ascencio Villarroel Hospital, with the aim of having them always present, and consider that even being rare we must take into account.
SPDEF is required for mouse pulmonary goblet cell differentiation and regulates a network of genes associated with mucus production (2009)

Various acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli increase the number and activity of pulmonary mucus-producing goblet cells, and goblet cell hyperplasia and excess mucus production are central to the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases. However, little is known about the transcriptional programs that regulate goblet cell differentiation. Here, we show that SAM-pointed domain-containing Ets-like factor (SPDEF) controls a transcriptional program critical for pulmonary goblet cell differentiation in mice. Initial cell-lineage-tracing analysis identified nonciliated secretory epithelial cells, known as Clara cells, as the progenitors of goblet cells induced by pulmonary allergen exposure in vivo. Furthermore, in vivo expression of SPDEF in Clara cells caused rapid and reversible goblet cell differentiation in the absence of cell proliferation. This was associated with enhanced expression of genes regulating goblet cell differentiation and protein glycosylation, including forkhead box A3 (Foxa3), anterior gradient 2 (Agr2), and glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 3, mucin type (Gcnt3). Consistent with these findings, levels of SPDEF and FOXA3 were increased in mouse goblet cells after sensitization with pulmonary allergen, and the proteins were colocalized in goblet cells lining the airways of patients with chronic lung diseases. Deletion of the mouse Spdef gene resulted in the absence of goblet cells in tracheal/laryngeal submucosal glands and in the conducting airway epithelium after pulmonary allergen exposure in vivo. These data show that SPDEF plays a critical role in regulating a transcriptional network mediating the goblet cell differentiation and mucus hyperproduction associated with chronic pulmonary disorders.
Magnetizing Oxides by Substituting Nitrogen for Oxygen (2007)

We describe a possible pathway to new magnetic materials with no conventional magnetic elements present. The substitution of nitrogen for oxygen in simple nonmagnetic oxides leads to holes in N 2p states which form local magnetic moments. Because of the very large Hund's rule coupling of Nitrogen and O 2p electrons and the rather extended spatial extent of the wave functions these materials are predicted to be ferromagnetic metals or small band gap insulators. Experimental studies support the theoretical calculations with regard to the basic electronic structure and the formation of local magnetic moments. It remains to be seen if these materials are magnetically ordered and, if so, below what temperature.
Temperature coefficient of membrane currents induced by noxious heat in sensory neurones in the rat (1999)

1. Membrane currents induced by noxious heat (Iheat) were studied in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones from newborn rats using ramps of increasing temperature of superfusing solutions. 2. Iheat was observed in about 70 % of small (< 25 microm) DRG neurones. At -60 mV, Iheat exhibited a threshold at about 43 C and reached its maximum, sometimes exceeding 1 nA, at 52 C (716 +/- 121 pA; n = 39). 3. Iheat exhibited a strong temperature sensitivity (temperature coefficient over a 10 C temperature range (Q10) = 17.8 +/- 2.1, mean +/- s.d., in the range 47-51 C; n = 41), distinguishing it from the currents induced by capsaicin (1 microM), bradykinin (5 microM) and weak acid (pH 6.1 or 6.3), which exhibited Q10 values of 1.6-2.8 over the whole temperature range (23-52 C). Repeated heat ramps resulted in a decrease of the maximum Iheat and the current was evoked at lower temperatures. 4. A single ramp exceeding 57 C resulted in an irreversible change in Iheat. In a subsequent trial, maximum Iheat was decreased to less than 50 %, its threshold was lowered to a temperature just above that in the bath and its maximum Q10 was markedly lower (5.6 +/- 0.8; n = 8). 5. DRG neurones that exhibited Iheat were sensitive to capsaicin. However, four capsaicin-sensitive neurones out of 41 were insensitive to noxious heat. There was no correlation between the amplitude of capsaicin-induced responses and Iheat. 6. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, Q10 for Iheat was lowered from 25.3 +/- 7.5 to 4. 2 +/- 0.4 (n = 7) in the range 41-50 C. The tachyphylaxis, however, was still observed. 7. A high Q10 of Iheat suggests a profound, rapid and reversible change in a protein structure in the plasma membrane of heat-sensitive nociceptors. It is hypothesized that this protein complex possesses a high net free energy of stabilization (possibly due to ionic bonds) and undergoes disassembly when exposed to noxious heat. The liberated components activate distinct cationic channels to generate Iheat. Their affinity to form the complex at low temperatures irreversibly decreases after one exposure to excessive heat.
Adaptive texture and color feature based color image compression (2013)

High compression is essential for storage and transmission of color images in multimedia communication. Efficient utilization of bandwidth and storage space is challenging task since we deal with millions of images and videos in day to day life. Lossy adaptive compression for color images is in demand as compared to grayscale images. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is widely used in image and video coding schemes that has shown greater degree of compression as used in JPEG coder. Redundant information in an image needs to be eliminated by adopting intelligent method. In this paper, we propose efficient color and texture feature based adaptive color image compression. Color conversion from RGB to YCbCr is performed to extract color and texture features. The extracted features are used to select non-zero (significant) DCT coefficients. The storage space and bandwidth during transmission is efficiently utilized by encoding non-zero DCT coefficients and thereby preserving texture and color information in the reconstructed image. Experimentation has been carried out on different image formats successfully. The proposed technique is simple and straight forward. A good compression has been achieved with good MSE and PSNR. Experimental results for adaptive, using all coefficients and RGB color model with 20 coefficients are computed in terms of compression ratio and quality of reconstructed image are compared. The proposed adaptive method has achieved good compression ratio by retaining color and texture features.
Cutting Edge: Identification of Autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Subsets Resistant to PD-1 Pathway Blockade (2015)

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) promotes T cell tolerance. Despite therapeutically targeting this pathway for chronic infections and tumors, little is known about how different T cell subsets are affected during blockade. We examined PD-1/PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) regulation of self-antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in autoimmune-susceptible models. PD-L1 blockade increased insulin-specific effector CD4 T cells in type 1 diabetes. However, anergic islet-specific CD4 T cells were resistant to PD-L1 blockade. Additionally, PD-L1 was critical for induction, but not maintenance, of CD8 T cell intestinal tolerance. PD-L1 blockade enhanced functionality of effector T cells, whereas established tolerant or anergic T cells were not dependent on PD-1/PD-L1 signaling to remain unresponsive. This highlights the existence of Ag-experienced T cell subsets that do not rely on PD-1/PD-L1 regulation. These findings illustrate how positive treatment outcomes and autoimmunity development during PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition are linked to the differentiation state of a T cell.
A New Environment for Developing Fuzzy Expert Systems (1999)

This work presents a grid-based fuzzy expert system environment, which employs a repertory grid, fuzzy theory and case-based reasoning. The proposed environment provides friendly user interfaces, abundant data types, intelligent knowledge acquisition facilities and an efficient inference engine. To help users make precise decisions, three factors (i.e., feasibility, reliability and certainty) are used during inference. Moreover, several tools are provided to help experts define membership functions and the knowledge of multimedia data types. Furthermore, the proposed approach is evaluated by implementing an expert system for the diagnosis of animal diseases and by performing several tests.
Expression of the thioredoxin system in interstitial lung disease (2003)

The thioredoxin system containing thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has profound effects on cell proliferation and protection against exogenous oxidants. The significance of the Trx system in human lung and lung diseases is, however, largely unresolved. Altogether, 66 specimens of human lung were investigated by immunohistochemistry for their expression of Trx and TrxR. The diseases included interstitial pneumonias such as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), and UIP associated with collagen vascular diseases (CVD-ILD), and granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis and allergic alveolitis. The ultrastructural localization of Trx and TrxR was analysed by immunoelectron microscopy. In healthy lung, Trx and TrxR were expressed in bronchial epithelium and alveolar macrophages. Trx and TrxR were highly concentrated in areas of metaplastic epithelium in UIP and in alveolar macrophages in DIP, though fibrotic areas in UIP were mainly negative. The expression of both enzymes was clearly weaker in CVD-ILD than in UIP. Granulomas of sarcoidosis showed moderate to intense Trx immunoreactivity. Ultrastructurally, Trx and TrxR were expressed diffusely in the cytosolic compartment and plasma membrane of metaplastic type II pneumocytes, macrophages, and bronchial epithelial cells. This study highlights the importance of Trx and TrxR in primary defence in bronchial epithelium, alveolar epithelium, and macrophages in human lung, but also indicates that elevated expression of these proteins may serve as markers of ongoing cell regeneration and inflammation.
Reflection and transmission measurements using 60 GHz patch antennas in the presence of animal tissue for non-invasive glucose sensing (2016)

This paper presents reflection and transmission measurements in the 58 – 62 GHz frequency range through a pig's ear while the animal was subject to a blood glucose test. The paper first presents results of reflection measurements when patch antennas are placed at different locations around the ear and before any glucose injection is performed. Second, transmission measurements were taken for different frequencies as the blood glucose was changing over time, showing a good correlation between the recorded signals and the measured glucose levels. The motivation behind these measurements is to design a sensor that can achieve accurate detection of glucose concentration levels without drawing blood (non-invasively).
Histone acetyltransferases regulate HIV-1 enhancer activity in vitro (1997)

Specific inhibitors of histone deacetylase, such as trichostatin A (TSA) and trapoxin (TPX), are potent inducers of HIV-1 transcription in latently infected T-cell lines. Activation of the integrated HIV-1 promoter is accompanied by the loss or rearrangement of a positioned nucleosome (nuc-1) near the viral RNA start site. Here we show that TSA strongly induces HIV-1 transcription on chromatin in vitro, concomitant with an enhancer factor-assisted increase in the level of acetylated histone H4. TSA treatment, however, did not detectably alter enhancer factor binding or the positioning of nuc-1 on the majority of the chromatin templates indicating that protein acetylation and chromatin remodeling may be limiting steps that occur only on transcriptionally competent templates, or that remodeling of nuc-1 requires additional factors. To assess the number of active chromatin templates in vitro, transcription was limited to a single round with low levels of the detergent Sarkosyl. Remarkably, HIV-1 transcription on chromatin was found to arise from a small number of active templates that can each support nearly 100 rounds of transcription, and TSA increased the number of active templates in each round. In contrast, transcription on naked DNA was limited to only a few rounds and was not responsive to TSA. We conclude that HIV-1 enhancer complexes greatly facilitate transcription reinitiation on chromatin in vitro, and act at a limiting step to promote the acetylation of histones or other transcription factors required for HIV-1 enhancer activity.