gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The <i>tat</i> Gene of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Induces Mesenchymal Tumors in Transgenic Mice (1987)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a suspected causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia. One of the viral genes encodes a protein (tat) that not only results in transactivation of viral gene expression but may also regulate the expression of certain cellular genes that are important for cell growth. Transgenic mice that expressed the authentic tat protein under the control of the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat were generated, and cell types that are permissive for the viral promoter and the effects of the tat gene on these cells were studied. Three of eight founder mice with high levels of expression of the transgene in muscle were bred and then analyzed. All developed soft tissue tumors at multiple sites between 13 to 17 weeks of age. This phenotype was transmitted to nine of nine offspring that inherited the tat gene and were available for analysis. The remaining five founders expressed the transgene in the thymus, as well as in muscle. This second group of mice all exhibited extensive thymic depletion and growth retardation; in all of these mice, death occurred between 3 to 6 weeks of age before tumors became macroscopically visible. The tat gene under the control of the HTLV-1 regulatory region showed tissue-specific expression and the tat protein efficiently induced mesenchymal tumors. The data establish tat as an oncogenic protein and HTLV-1 as a transforming virus.
Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft - The first 3 years of flight research (1981)

NASAs first three years of flight research in an investigation of terminal area flight operation with the Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft (QSRA) are presented. An initial flight and modification program was devoted to improving the capabilities of the QSRA and measuring its performance. Later programs included a joint program with the US Navy, a guest pilot program involving 23 pilots from 16 organizations, and a program to measure benefits of propulsive-lift to CTOL aircraft. Development flight research, complemented by the aircraft modification program, has resulted in improvements in the maximum lift coefficient of more than two units, and has greatly improved flight characteristics and handling qualities.
Rosmarinic acid inhibits Ca2+-dependent pathways of T-cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling by inhibiting the PLC-γ1 and Itk activity (2003)

Rosmarinic acid (RosA) is a hydroxylated compound frequently found in herbal plants and is mostly responsible for anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity. Previously, we observed that RosA inhibited T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)- induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) expression and subsequent T-cell proliferation in vitro. In this study, we investigated in detail inhibitory mechanism of RosA on TCR signaling, which ultimately activates IL-2 promoter by activating transcription factors, such as nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) and activating protein-1 (AP-1). Interestingly, RosA inhibited NF-AT activation but not AP-1, suggesting that RosA inhibits Ca(2+)-dependent signaling pathways only. Signaling events upstream of NF-AT activation, such as the generation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and Ca(2+) mobilization, and tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) were strongly inhibited by RosA. Tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 is largely dependent on 3 kinds of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), ie, Lck, ZAP-70, and Itk. We found that RosA efficiently inhibited TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent activation of Itk but did not inhibit Lck or ZAP-70. ZAP-70-dependent signaling pathways such as the tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT and SLP-76 and serine/threonine phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were intact in the presence of RosA, confirming that RosA suppresses TCR signaling in a ZAP-70-independent manner. Therefore, we conclude that RosA inhibits TCR signaling leading to Ca(2+) mobilization and NF-AT activation by blocking membrane-proximal events, specifically, the tyrosine phosphorylation of inducible T cells kinase (Itk) and PLC-gamma 1.
NMR probe for combined homonuclear multiple pulse decoupling and magic angle spinning (1977)

An NMR probe is described which is capable of use in combined multiple pulse–magic angle spinning experiments for removal of homonuclear dipolar broadening and chemical shift anisotropies in randomly oriented samples. Two examples are included to illustrate the utility of the technique.
Inhibition of β-Amyloid Aggregation by Albiflorin, Aloeemodin and Neohesperidin and their Neuroprotective Effect on Primary Hippocampal Cells Against β-Amyloid Induced Toxicity (2015)

Being one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates induce complicated neurotoxicity. Evidences show that the underlying mechanism of neurotoxicity involves a glutamate receptor subtype, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, an increase in intracellular calcium(II) ion loading as well as an elevation in oxidation stress. In this work, among the 35 chemical components of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) being screened for inhibitors of Aβ aggregation, four of them, namely albiflorin, aloeemodin, neohesperidin and physcion, were found for the first time to exhibit a potent inhibitory effect on Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) aggregation. Their neuroprotective capability on primary hippocampal neuronal cells was also investigated by MTT assay, ROS assay and intracellular calcium(II) ion concentration measurement. It was interesting to find that physcion was rather toxic to neuronal cells while albiflorin, aloeemodin and neohesperidin reduced the toxicity and ROS induced by both monomeric and oligomeric Aβ species. In addition, albiflorin was particularly powerful in maintaining the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration.
Acoustic Tomography for Scalar and Vector Fields: Theory and Application to Temperature and Wind Estimation (2009)

Abstract Acoustic tomography is a type of inverse problem. The idea of estimating physical quantities that influence sound propagation by measuring the parameters of propagation has proven to be successful in many practical domains, including temperature and wind estimation in the atmosphere. However, in most of the previous work in this area, the algorithms used have not been proven mathematically to provide the correct solution to the inverse problem. This paper considers the problem of reconstructing 2D temperature and wind fields by using acoustic tomography setups. Primarily, it shows that the classical time-of-flight measurements are not sufficient to reconstruct wind fields. As a solution, an additional set of measurements related solely to the parameters of sound propagation—more precisely, to the angles of departure/arrival of sound waves—is suggested. To take the full benefit of this additional information, the bent-ray model of sound propagation is introduced. In this work, it is also shown that, when a temperature and a source-free 2D wind field are observed on bounded domains, the complete reconstruction is possible using only measurements of the time of flight. Conversely, the angles of departures/arrivals are sufficient to reconstruct a temperature and a curl-free 2D wind fields on bounded domains. Further, an iterative reconstruction algorithm is proposed and possible variations to the main scheme are discussed. Finally, the performed numerical simulations confirm the theoretical results, demonstrate fast convergence, and show the advantages of the adopted bent-ray model for sound propagation over the straight-ray model.
Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Communication Detection System using the Traffic Feature Extraction (2006)

In this research, we have built a system that visualizes the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing activities of network users for the assistance of the network administrator. This system visualizes the P2P file sharing traffic activities of an organization by making the processing object not an individual user but a user group. The network administrator can comprehend the P2P sharing activities of the organization by referring to the map. This system extracts a traffic feature from captured IP packets that the users communicated. Afterwords this system creates a traffic model. The features of the traffic model are emphasized by weighting. After that, the traffic model is visualized by Kohonen's self-organizing map. The network administrator is assisted in understanding users' P2P file sharing behavior by this feature map. As a result, we think we can assist the monitoring operation by the network administrator.
Predominant immediate-early transcripts of human cytomegalovirus AD 169 (1984)

Transcription of the human cytomegalovirus genome (strain AD 169) was investigated at the immediate-early (IE) time after infection, by using cycloheximide to suppress virus-specific protein synthesis. In total cell RNA, four predominant IE transcripts were found which were encoded by one contiguous region of the long unique segment between map units 0.06 and 0.16 in prototype arrangement of human cytomegalovirus AD 169 DNA. Analysis by Northern blot hybridizations demonstrated that the transcripts possessed a size of 1.9, 2.2, 2.3, and 5.0 kilobases, respectively. Coding sequences and directions of transcriptions were mapped by Northern blots and hybridizations with oligodeoxythymidylic acid-primed and randomly primed cDNA. The 1.9-, 2.2-, and 2.3-kilobase RNAs were found in the polyadenylated fraction of IE RNA exclusively; in contrast, a part of the 5.0-kilobase RNA appeared polyadenylated, although the majority of the same transcript was found in the nonpolyadenylated pool. Also, different from the other IE genes, the DNA coding for the 5.0-kilobase IE RNA was transcribed in high quantities during the late phase of virus replication, suggesting an exemption from the temporal regulation of herpesvirus transcription.
Asset tracking architecture with Bluetooth Low Energy tags and ad hoc smartphone applications (2015)

The paper describes an original architecture aimed at tracking assets within construction sites or similar contexts. The main components are: i) RFID tags, ii) Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) tags and iii) smartphones. The core functions of the architecture are performed by two Android applications: the Asset Proximity Locator (APL) and the Wandering Objects Location Finder (WOLF). The key feature of the asset tracking function is the ability to maximize smartphone battery lifetime by switching on and off the GPS unit, thus guaranteeing that the smartphone can be used for an entire working shift. A detailed energy consumption analysis is carried out for each component of the architecture. The results achieved by simulations, concerning BLE tag detection probability, are presented and discussed.
The unique optical and physical properties of soft, transparent, stimulus-sensitive nanocomposite gels (2007)

A new type of polymer hydrogel with a unique organic (polymer)/inorganic (clay) network structure has been synthesized by the in-situ free-radical polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPA) in the presence of exfoliated clay platelets in an aqueous medium. The resulting nanocomposite hydrogels (NC gels) consisting of PNIPA and clay (hectorite) exhibit extraordinary optical, mechanical and swelling properties. NC gels also show a clear phase transition due to the coil-to-globule transition of the PNIPA chains. It was observed that the phase-transition temperature (lower critical solution temperature: LCST), defined as the onset temperature of a steep transmittance drop, shifts to a lower or higher temperature than that of pure water (≅ 34 °C) when conditions are altered. When an inorganic salt, such as NaCl, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and AlCl<sub>3</sub>, was added to the surrounding water, the LCST of the NC gels generally shifted to a lower temperature, in a manner almost inversely proportional to the salt concentration. On the other hand, when the NC gels adsorbed cationic surfactant, e.g. hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, the LCST shifted toward a higher temperature, although the shift and its profile strongly depended on the adsorption conditions, such as the surfactant concentration and the adsorption time. Consequently, non-thermo-sensitive NC gel was obtained by using a surfactant aqueous solution with a concentration higher than the critical micelle concentration.
Trisomy 12 and K‐<i>ras</i>‐2 Amplification in human ovarian tumors (1991)

Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 11 benign and borderline ovarian tumors. Trisomy 12, identified as a sole abnormality in 6 tumors, is likely a specific karyotypic change in different benign and borderline tumors and may well be a primary chromosomal lesion in these tumors. The possible association between amplification of the proto-oncogene K-ras-2 which is located on chromosome 12 and trisomy 12 was investigated. DNA blotting analysis of 64 tumors indicates that trisomy 12 does not seem to be related to K-ras-2 amplification in ovarian tumors. K-ras-2 amplification was observed in 3 high-grade tumors from 3 patients with metastases.
Pilot Randomized Phase II Study of Celecoxib in Oral Premalignant Lesions (2008)

Celecoxib at 100 or 200 mg twice daily was ineffective in controlling OPLs in this randomized controlled trial. This result and cardiovascular toxicity results of other (large scale) randomized controlled trials of selective COX-2 inhibitors have discouraged the continued investigation of these agents in oral cancer chemoprevention. Better methods for identifying high-risk patients and more active interventions are needed for future oral cancer chemoprevention trials.
Measurement of Plantar Flexor Spasticity During Treatment with Tone-Reducing Casts (1985)

The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that treatment with short-leg, tone-reducing casts will alter resistance of the plantar flexors to dynamic and static stretch. The torque resisting passive dorsiflexion was measured at angular velocities of 0, 12, 60, and 120 degrees/s for 16 spastic extremities. The short-term changes in dynamic sensitivity and static sensitivity were not significant. Longer-term wearing resulted in significant decreases in both dynamic sensitivity and static sensitivity. Thus, a change in resistance to stretch did occur with longer-term casting.
A control-flow normalization algorithm and its complexity (1992)

A single method for normalizing the control-flow of programs to facilitate program transformations, program analysis, and automatic parallelization is presented. While previous methods result in programs whose control flowgraphs are reducible, programs normalized by this technique satisfy a stronger condition than reducibility and are therefore simpler in their syntax and structure than with previous methods. In particular, all control-flow cycles are normalized into single-entry, single-exit while loops and all GOTOs are eliminated. Furthermore, the method avoids problems of code replication that are characteristic of node-splitting techniques. This restructuring obviates the control dependence graph, since afterwards control dependence relations are manifest in the syntax tree of the program. Transformations that effect this normalization are presented, and the complexity of the method is studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Update of harmonic standard IEEE-519: IEEE recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in electric power systems (1989)

In the early 1970s, the Static Power Converter Committee of the Industry Applications Society started work on a standard that would give guidelines to users and engineer-architects for the application of static power converter drives in electric power systems that contain capacitors. The result was IEEE 519-1981, IEEE Guide for Harmonic Control and Reactive Compensation Static Power Converters. Since all standards are reviewed every five years, a review of IEEE 519-1981 has been in progress, with the revision to be submitted to the IEEE Standards Board in 1988. The changes that are included in the revised standard and examples of the application of IEEE-519 are discussed. The section outline Introduction and Scope of the standard and harmonic filter samples are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantum Chemical Analysis of the Enantiomerisation Mechanism of Complexes of the Type [M<sup>II</sup>(XU)<sub>4</sub>]F<sup>+</sup> (M = Pt, Pd, Ni; X = S, Se, Te;U = urea) (2006)

Abstract The enantiomerisation pathway for {[Pt(thiourea) 4 ]}F + [a model for the C 4 ‐symmetric [Pt(SU) 4 ]SiF 6 (SU = thiourea) complex] and derivatives is explored by density functional theory (B3LYP/LANL2DZp) und the activation barrier for the one‐step process from C 4 to C 4 ′ via a C 4 transition state is computed. The substitution of Pt 2+ by Pd 2+ and Ni 2+ and the exchange of selenourea and tellurourea increase the barrier. ({[Pt(thiourea) 4 ]}F + : 4.2 kcal/mol, {[Pd(thiourea) 4 ]}F + : 4.5 kcal/mol, {[Ni(thiourea) 4 ]}F + : 7.6 kcal/mol, {[Pt(selenourea) 4 ]}F + : 5.3 kcal/mol, {[Pt(tellurourea) 4 ]}F + : 8.8 kcal/mol). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells for in vitro induction of primary human CD4+ T-cell lines specific for HIV gp120. (1994)

Activation of T helper cells specific for viral antigens is critical for antibody production and for generation of cytotoxic cells during the immune response to HIV. Since T-cell activation depends on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), it is important to define the cells that have a role in presentation of HIV antigens in general and of gp120 in particular. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), adherent monocytes (AMs), dendritic cells (DCs) and Epstein Barr virus-transformed B-cell lines (LCLs) were tested for the capacity to present gp120 to a specific T-cell clone. DCs proved to be the most effective APC. Primary T-cell lines were generated from uninfected and unprimed individuals by using different APCs in the presence of gp120 or an immunodominant peptide. T-cell lines specific for gp120 were obtained with PBMCs or DCs as APCs, but not with AMs or LCLs. The data showed that (a) DCs are the most effective APCs for presentation of gp120 to specific T cells and (b) DCs are necessary for in vitro induction of primary T-cell lines specific for gp120.
Proportional navigation and weaving targets (1995)

Sinusoidal or weave maneuvers on the part of the target can make it particularly difficult for a pursuing missile to hit. Normalized design curves are presented so that the guidance system designer can easily assess the influence of weave maneuvers on missile system performance. These curves show how the target weave frequency and amplitude along with the interceptor guidance system tune constant and effective navigation ratio determine the size of the miss distance. Acceleration saturation effects also are considered as a further important influence on system performance. Finally, suggestions are made showing how to improve system performance.
Packet Routing in Dynamically Changing Networks on Chip (2005)

On-line routing strategies for communication in a dynamic network on chip (DyNoC) environment are presented. The DyNoC has been presented as a medium supporting communication among modules which are dynamically placed on a reconfigurable device at run-time. Using simulation, we compare the performance of an adaptive Q-routing algorithm to the well known XY-routing strategy. Both algorithms are adapted to support communication on the DyNoC which is equivalent to routing on meshes with obstacles. In our experiments, Q-routing proves its performance under varying network load while using only local information for its routing decisions.
Transplant therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. (2001)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a devastating disease affecting more than one million patients in the United States alone. While advances have been made in exogenous insulin therapy, pancreas transplantation remains the only available treatment that restores a euglycemic state, a consistently normal glycosylated hemoglobin level, and functioning biofeedback regulatory control. New immunosuppressive regimens and improvements in surgical technique have resulted in improved patient and pancreas graft survival rates. Recent advances in islet cell purification and immunosuppressive therapies aimed at reducing rejection have renewed interest in islet cell transplantation.
Syllable structure based phonetic units for context-dependent continuous Thai speech recognition (2003)

Choice of the phonetic units speech recognizer is a factor greatly affecting the system performance. Phonetic units are normally defined according to the acoustic properties of a speech. Nevertheless, with the limit of training data, too delicate acoustic properties are ignored. Syllable structure is one of the properties usually ignored in English phonetic units due to a lot of possible onsets and codas. Some language like Chinese successfully gets the benefit from incorporating the syllable structure information in the phonetic units, as the language itself is naturally syllabic and has only small amount of subsegments (onsets, nuclei, and codas). Thai, as some point between English and Chinese, has larger subsegments than Chinese but not as much as English. The process of this paper can be classified into 2 main steps. First, prove that Thai phonetic units can be defined as a set of syllabic elements without any data sparseness problem. Second, demonstrate that syllable structure based phonetic units give better accuracy rate from integrating the syllable structure information and reduce a lot of number of triphone units because of left and right context constraint in the syllable structure.
Clinical, Hemodynamic, and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Determinants of Survival in Patients Referred for Evaluation of Heart Failure (1998)

Peak VO2 outperforms clinical variables, right-heart catheterization data, exercise time, and other exercise test variables in predicting outcome in severe chronic heart failure. Direct measurement of VO2 should be included when clinical or surgical decisions are being made in patients referred for evaluation of heart failure or those considered for transplantation.
NUTRITIONAL AND HORMONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN BEEF CATTLE REPRODUCTION (1988)

Reproductive rate has a major influence on production efficiency of beef cattle, and nutritional management is the main limiting or controlling factor for reproduction. Decreased availability of energy is the most common problem studied in beef cattle management and will be the primary focus of this review. In order to effectively manage energy nutrition, we need a better understanding of how this variable affects the various phases and control mechanisms of reproduction. Insufficient energy intake because of dietary quality or quantity will delay puberty, lengthen postpartum anestrus and cause anestrus in cows or heifers that are having estrous cycles. Energy intake has effects on a wide variety of endocrine, neural and metabolic mechanisms. Effects include changes in gonadotropic hormone secretion from the pituitary, production of progesterone during both the estrous cycle and pregnancy, differential sensitivity of the pituitary-hypothalamus to steroids and releasing hormones and changes in ovarian activity measured by hormone secretion, follicular development and ovulation. All of these effects of dietary energy have been shown to be variable. This variation in response seems to be related to differences in degree of energy restriction, body condition score and whether body weight is stabilized or changing. Glucose may be the specific energy source through which energy manifests its effects on reproduction. Key words: Beef cattle, nutrition, reproduction, hormones, energy