gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D acoustic image segmentation by a RANSAC-based approach (2003)

In this paper, a new technique for 3D acoustic image segmentation and modelling is proposed. Especially, in the underwater environment, in which optical sensors suffer from visibility problems, the acoustical devices may provide efficient solutions, but, on the other hand, acoustic image interpretation is surely more difficult for a human operator. The proposed application involves the use of an acoustic camera which directly acquires images structured as a set of 3D points. Due to the noisy nature of this type of data, the segmentation problem becomes more challenging and the standard algorithms for range image segmentation are likely to fail. The proposed method is based on a simplified version of the so called recover and select paradigm in which the seed areas, from which the segmentation starts, are generated by adopting a robust approach based on the RANSAC (RANdom Sample And Consensus) algorithm. Superquadric primitives are directly recovered from raw data without any pre-segmentation processing. Experimental trials using real acoustical images confirm the goodness of the method, and a large robustness of the resulting segmented images, associated to a relatively low computational load.
Pressure-Induced Structural Transformations in Amorphous InSb (1976)

Pressure-induced structural transformations in amorphous InSb have been studied by X-ray diffraction at room temperature. Amorphous InSb slowly transforms to a crystalline modification with NaCl-type structure at pressures from 4 to 28 kbar, and to β-Sn-type structure or its modified tetragonal structure above 28 kbar. After releasing pressure the NaCl-type modification below 28 kbar is retained at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, whereas the high pressure modification formed above 28 kbar transforms to a crystalline mixture of NaCl-type and ZnS-type structures.
Preparation of Substituted Alkylpyrroles via Samarium-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling Reaction of Aldehydes, Amines, and Nitroalkanes (1998)

Pyrroles were synthesized by three-component coupling reaction of aldehydes, amines, and nitroalkanes in the presence of a catalytic amount of a samarium species under mild conditions. The reaction is considered to involve the coupling of alpha,beta-unsaturated imines, which are provided by the samarium-catalyzed aldol-type condensation of imines generated from amines and aldehydes, with nitroalkanes. In the case of the three-component coupling of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes (or ketones) with amines and nitroalkanes, alkylpyrroles were obtained by only heating in the absence of any catalyst. For instance, a mixture of butylamine, 2-butylidenecyclohexanone, and nitroethane, allowed to react at 60 degrees C for 15 h, produced isoindole, 4r, which is difficult to prepare by conventional methods, in 39% yield.
First-Arrival Traveltime and Amplitude Calculation From Monochromatic Two-Way Wave Equation in Frequency Domain (2005)

By adding one complex frequency (the real part for frequency and the imaginary part for damping factor) into the frequency-domain wave equation, the energy or amplitude after first-arrival wave can be damped. Therefore, the calculation of first-arrival traveltime and amplitude can be transformed into the picking of the maximum energy and its phase in the monochromatic wavefield. Then, the first-arrival traveltime and amplitude can be extracted from the phase and amplitude of monochromatic frequency-domain wavefield. In order to obtain the optimum combination of the frequency and damping factor, we propose the parameter analysis scheme to scan all possible combinations. The numerical examples are compared with finite-difference eikonal solvers and mostenergetic amplitude. The results show that our algorithm has good applicability to multi-shot and multi-receiver computation in complex media.
Global Performance Estimation Based on Gaussian Mixture Model for Wind Turbines (2014)

In order to ensure that the wind turbines are reliable in stable condition and economical in maintenance cost, the most effective way is to estimate and monitor the performance and operation of the wind turbine. Traditional fault diagnosis methods using multivariate statistical process usually assume the unit only has a single operating condition, so it’s not suitable for multi-regimes. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposed a global performance estimation method of multi-regimes condition based on Gaussian mixture model (GMM). First establish GMM to train the baseline model, cluster the sample data using the similar GMM method, and then calculate the distance between the baseline model and the GMM of sample data by two different methods. The result shows that this method can identify the characteristics of the turbine productivity well, and can detect the abnormality of power curve that is related to incipient fault.
Modulation of Innate and Acquired Immune Responses by <i>Escherichia coli</i> Heat-Labile Toxin: Distinct Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Nontoxic AB Complex and the Enzyme Activity (2000)

We have examined the roles of enzyme activity and the nontoxic AB complex of heat-labile toxin (LT) from Escherichia coli on its adjuvant and immunomodulatory properties. LTK63, an LT mutant that is completely devoid of enzyme activity, enhanced Th1 responses to coinjected Ags at low adjuvant dose. In contrast, LTR72, a partially detoxified mutant, enhanced Th2 responses and when administered intranasally to mice before infection with Bordetella pertussis suppressed Th1 responses and delayed bacterial clearance from the lungs. LTR72 or wild-type LT inhibited Ag-induced IFN-gamma production by Th1 cells, and LT enhanced IL-5 production by Th2 cells in vitro. Each of the toxins enhanced B7-1 expression on macrophages, but enhancement of B7-2 expression was dependent on enzyme activity. We also observed distinct effects of the nontoxic AB complex and enzyme activity on inflammatory cytokine production. LT and LTR72 suppressed LPS and IFN-gamma induced TNF-alpha and IL-12 production, but enhanced IL-10 secretion by macrophages in vitro and suppressed IL-12 production in vivo in a murine model of LPS-induced shock. In contrast, LTK63 augmented the production of IL-12 and TNF-alpha. Furthermore, LTK63 enhanced NF-kappaB translocation, whereas low doses of LTR72 or LT failed to activate NF-kappaB, but stimulated cAMP production. Thus, E. coli LT appears to be capable of suppressing Th1 responses and enhancing Th2 responses through the modulatory effects of enzyme activity on NF-kappaB activation and IL-12 production. In contrast, the nontoxic AB complex can stimulate acquired immune responses by activating components of the innate immune system.
Evidence of infection with organisms producing Shiga-like toxins in household contacts of children with the hemolytic uremic syndrome (1991)

We conducted a prospective study in 87 household contacts of 51 children with hemolytic uremic syndrome to determine the frequency of infection with Shiga-like toxin-producing bacteria. Gastrointestinal tract symptoms occurred in only 1 of 87 contacts. Free fecal toxin was detected in 25 of 64 (39%) of the household members. Neutralization with specific antisera to Shiga-like toxins I and II (SLT-I, SLT-II) revealed that in 6 of these household contacts only SLT-I was present in stool, in 10 only SLT-II was present and in 9 both toxins were found. Thirty-three percent of the hemolytic uremic syndrome families in which 2 or more members were studied had more than 1 household member with free fecal toxin in stool. None of the household contacts was found to have E. coli O157:H7 in feces. Serum samples were available in 77 household contacts; 75% (58 of 77) had serum neutralizing titers of greater than or equal to 1:4 to 1 or both toxins. In those contacts for whom paired sera were available, seroconversion was found in 10 of 24 (42%). These data show that household contacts of children with hemolytic uremic syndrome are commonly colonized with Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli and seroconversion to Shiga-like toxins occurs frequently in family members of children with hemolytic uremic syndrome.
The 30‐Sec Sale: Using Thin‐Slice Judgments to Evaluate Sales Effectiveness (2006)

A successful sale depends on a customer's perception of the salesperson's personality, motivations, trustworthiness, and affect. Person perception research has shown that consistent and accurate assessments of these traits can be made based on very brief observations, or “thin slices.” Thus, examining impressions based on thin slices offers an effective approach to study how perceptions of salespeople translate into real‐world results, such as sales performance and customer satisfaction. The literature on the accuracy of thin‐slice judgments is briefly reviewed. Then, 2 studies are presented that investigated the predictive validity of judgments of salespeople based on thin slices of the vocal channel. Participants rated 20‐sec audio clips extracted from interviews with a sample of sales managers, on variables gauging interpersonal skills, task‐related skills, and anxiety. Results supported the hypothesis that observability of the rated variable is a key determinant in the criterion validity of thin‐slice judgments. Implications for the use of thin‐slice judgments in salesperson selection and customer satisfaction are discussed.
Preparation of Refractory Oxide Fibers from Metal Alcoholates (1976)

Possibility of fiber drawing in the course of hydrolysis has been examined to prepare refractory oxide fibers of the TiO2-SiO2 and Al2O3-SiO2 binary systems from metal alcoholates. The liquid mixtures of Ti (O-isoC3H7)4+Si(OC2H5)4 and Al(O-isoC3H7)3+Si(OC2H5)4+C2H5OH were slowly hydrolyzed and became increasingly viscous when exposed to ambient atmosphere at room temperature, and so the fibers could be drawn after varying periods of time of holding. The promotion of the hydrolysis by the addition of pure water to the alcoholate mixtures could not be applied to the present method of fiber drawing, because it caused the precipitation of the hydrolyzed product. Mixture of the alcoholate solutions and water added as alcoholic solution showed no precipitation and promoted hydrolysis of the alcoholates, but it did not show spinnable state in the course of hydrolysis. Heating the drawn fibers at 500°C led to the formation of oxide glass fibers.
A fast MPEG audio layer III software decoder (2002)

This paper describes an efficient software implementation of an MPEG audio layer 3 decoder. Algorithmic refinements required to efficiently perform the large amount of digital signal processing operations on a general purpose processor are described, along with optimizations specific to execution on the Intel Pentium processor. To demonstrate the quality of our approach we present a benchmark against other known programs.
HEVC intra mode decision acceleration based on tree depth levels relationship (2013)

The new High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard is achieving higher encoding efficiency when compared to its predecessors such as H.264/AVC. One of the factors responsible to this improvement is the intra prediction method, which introduces a larger number of prediction directions resulting in an enhanced rate-distortion (RD) performance at the cost of a higher computational complexity. This paper proposes an algorithm to accelerate the intra mode decision, reducing the complexity of intra coding. The acceleration procedure takes into account the edge direction information and explores the correlation of intra modes across levels of the HEVC hierarchical tree structure. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides a decrease of up to 40.82% in the HEVC intra prediction processing time, with a small degradation in encoding efficiency (BD-PSNR loss of 0.1 dB on average).
Inductive plasmas for plasma processing (1996)

With the need for high plasma density and low pressure in single wafer etching tools, a number of inductive etching systems have been and are being developed for commercial sale. This paper reviews some of the history of low-pressure inductive plasmas, gives features of inductive plasmas, limitations, corrections and presents uses for plasma processing. The theory for the skin depth, rf coil impedance and efficiency is also discussed.
Controlling the Uptake and Regulating the Release of Nitric Oxide in Microporous Solids (2017)

Representative compounds from three classes of microporous solids, namely, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), hybrid ultra-microporous materials (HUMs), and porous-organic polymers (POPs), were investigated for their nitric oxide gas uptake and release behavior. Low-pressure sorption studies indicated strong chemisorption of NO on the free amine groups decorating the MOF UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> when compared to its non-amine-functionalized parent. The HUMs demonstrated reversible physisorption within the low-pressure regime, but interestingly in one case there was evidence for chemisorption following pressurization with NO at 10 bar. Significant release of chemisorbed NO from the UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> and one of the HUMs was triggered by addition of acid to the medium, a pH change from 7.4 to 5.4 being sufficient to trigger NO release. An imidazole-based POP exhibited chemisorption of NO at high pressure wherein the ring basicity facilitated both NO uptake and spontaneous release upon contact with the aqueous release medium.
A Training Program for Filter-Search Mine Detection Dogs (2002)

REST (Remote Explosives Scent Tracing) is an odor detection concept in which air from suspect locations is vacuumed though a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) netting filter. The filters are transferred to dogs trained to signal specific target odors such as drugs or explosives. Application for the detection of landmines involves vacuuming an area of land suspected to contain mines, and requires that the dogs achieve detection skills for very low concentrations of the target odor. Here, we describe the principles behind and results of a training program designed to produce REST dogs with detection skills similar to those obtained on filters from minefields. The entire training process for four dogs took under 6 months, and involved two trainers working for 1-5 days/week for about 5 h/day (dogs were trained most days, but both trainers were not always present). Principles underlying the training program were: (1) minimise dependency on handler, (2) encourage independent search, (3) build extended search by progressively reducing the frequency of occurrence of positive filters (using variable interval reinforcement), and (4) progressively generalise discrimination to lower concentrations of TNT. Reward-based “clicker” training was used exclusively. After 15 weeks, the dogs achieved 95% detection reliability. Properly documented training programs such as this one are essential if the industry is to further develop the REST concept for operational implementation on a broad scale.
A Design Flow for Building Automation and Control Systems (2010)

We propose a system-level design flow for building automation and control (BAC) systems. The input to the design flow is a high level description of the control algorithms given in a model-based environment such as Simulink. The input specification is translated into an intermediate format, and then automatically refined into a distributed implementation. Refinement includes optimal mapping of the functional specification on a set of computation and communication resources, and software synthesis, which generates code for each component in the mapped design while guaranteeing semantic equivalence with the original specification. Experiments with a temperature control system are presented to illustrate the flow.
A Study of Switched Mode Power Amplifiers using LDMOS (2007)

This work focuses on different kinds of Switch Mode Power Amplifiers (SMPAs) using LDMOS technologies. It involves a literature study of different SMPA concepts. Choosing the suitable class that achieves the high efficiency was the base stone of this work. A push-pull class J power amplifier (PA) was designed with an integrated LC resonator inside the package using the bondwires and die capacitances. Analysis and motivation of the chosen class is included. Designing the suitable Input/Output printed circuit board (PCB) external circuits (i.e.; BALUN circuit, Matching network and DC bias network) was part of the work. This work is done by ADS simulation and showed a simulated result of about 70% drain efficiency for 34 W output power and 16 dB gain at 2.14 GHz. Study of the losses in each part of the design elements is also included. Another design at lower frequency (i.e.; at 0.94 GHz) was also simulated and compared to the previous design. The drain efficiency was 83% for 32 W output power and 15.4 dB Gain.
Privacy and Security Issues in Information Systems (1976)

In all computers that maintain and process valuable information, or provide services to multiple users, it is necessary to provide security safeguards against unauthorized access, use, or modification of any data. Concerns for privacy and security must become integral in the design of computer systems and their applications.
Superpixels via pseudo-Boolean optimization (2011)

We propose an algorithm for creating superpixels. The major step in our algorithm is simply minimizing two pseudo-Boolean functions. The processing time of our algorithm on images of moderate size is only half a second. Experiments on a benchmark dataset show that our method produces superpixels of comparable quality with existing algorithms. Last but not least, the speed of our algorithm is independent of the number of superpixels, which is usually the bottle-neck for the traditional algorithms of superpixel creation.
To the Members of the Radiological Society of North America (1946)

The Thirty-second Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America will be held at the Palmer House in Chicago, the first week in December. Sessions begin on Monday, December 2nd, and extend through Friday, December 6th. Since this is the first full-scale meeting that the Society has held since 1941, it is expected that there will be a large attendance. The scientific exhibits and refresher courses, and the program (which appears elsewhere in this issue) will, I believe, repay everyone who attends. The various members of the Program Committee have worked untiringly to secure a series of excellent presentations, and the Committees in charge of the refresher courses and the exhibits have been no less diligent in the preparation of these features. It is apparent to every radiologist that the successful harnessing of atomic energy opens up vast fields of new knowledge. Artificial radioactivity and the use of various radioactive isotopes in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine will be of the greatest importance in the future, and these subjects are of particular interest to radiologists, since their basic training makes them peculiarly fitted to employ these methods intelligently. Because of this, the Program Committee has devoted the entire opening day of the Annual Meeting to the Plutonium Project. Nine papers will be presented by some of the most distinguished scientists in America. The entire Society owes a debt of gratitude to these men who have willingly and cheerfully undertaken this project.
The Role of EGFR/PI3K/Akt/cyclinD1 Signaling Pathway in Acquired Middle Ear Cholesteatoma (2013)

Cholesteatoma is a benign keratinizing and hyper proliferative squamous epithelial lesion of the temporal bone. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the most important cytokines which has been shown to play a critical role in cholesteatoma. In this investigation, we studied the effects of EGF on the proliferation of keratinocytes and EGF-mediated signaling pathways underlying the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. We examined the expressions of phosphorylated EGF receptor (p-EGFR), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), cyclinD1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 40 cholesteatoma samples and 20 samples of normal external auditory canal (EAC) epithelium by immunohistochemical method. Furthermore, in vitro studies were performed to investigate EGF-induced downstream signaling pathways in primary external auditory canal keratinocytes (EACKs). The expressions of p-EGFR, p-Akt, cyclinD1, and PCNA in cholesteatoma epithelium were significantly increased when compared with those of control subjects. We also demonstrated that EGF led to the activation of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/cyclinD1 signaling pathway, which played a critical role in EGF-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression of EACKs. Both EGFR inhibitor AG1478 and PI3K inhibitor wortmannin inhibited the EGF-induced EGFR/PI3K/Akt/cyclinD1 signaling pathway concomitantly with inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression of EACKs. Taken together, our data suggest that the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/cyclinD1 signaling pathway is active in cholesteatoma and may play a crucial role in cholesteatoma epithelial hyper-proliferation. This study will facilitate the development of potential therapeutic targets for intratympanic drug therapy for cholesteatoma.
Laser induced metal deposition from organometallic solution (1984)

Solutions of bisbenzene metals in organic solvents have been used for the first time to produce localized deposition of metals on a glass substrate by laser induced pyrolysis. Molybdenum and chromium spots, as small as 10 μm in diameter, were obtained by using an argon-ion laser at several tens of milliwatt power.
Solution-processed image sensors on flexible substrates (2016)

Image sensors are ubiquitous and used in a wide variety of applications ranging from consumer products to healthcare and industrial applications. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an image increases with larger pixels, which is costly to scale using silicon and wafer-based microfabrication. On the other hand, the performance of solution-processed photodetectors and transistors is advancing considerably. The printability of these devices on plastic substrates can enable low-cost scaling of large-pixel, high SNR image sensors. In addition, the flexibility of the substrates can enable new imaging systems never possible with the rigidity of conventional sensors. In this work we review the progress made towards solution-processed image sensors on flexible substrates. The fundamental operation of image sensors using intra-pixel charge integration is first explained to introduce the figures of merit for these systems. The physics, figures of merit, and state of the art for solution-processed photodiodes and phototransistors is also overviewed. A literature survey is done on solution-processed passive and active pixel image sensors with emphasis on active-switching for intra-pixel charge integration. Finally, optics compliant with large area and flexible image sensors are reviewed.