gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Clinical Stage Multi-Kinase Inhibitor Sodium (<i>E</i>)-2-{2-Methoxy-5-[(2′,4′,6′-trimethoxystyrylsulfonyl)methyl]phenylamino}acetate (ON 01910.Na): Synthesis, Structure–Activity Relationship, and Biological Activity (2011)

Cyclin D proteins are elevated in many cancer cells, and targeted deletion of cyclin D1 gene in the mammary tissues protects mice from breast cancer. Accordingly, there is an increasing awareness of this novel nonenzymatic target for cancer therapeutics. We have developed novel, nonalkylating styrylbenzylsulfones that induce cell death in wide variety of cancer cells without affecting the proliferation and survival of normal cells. The development of derivatized styrylbenzylsulfones followed logically from a tumor cell cytotoxicity screen performed in our laboratory that did not have an a priori target profile. Modifications of some of the precursor molecules led to lead optimization with regard to tumor cell cytotoxicity. In this report we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel, nonalkylating (E)-styrylbenzylsulfones and the development of the novel anticancer agent sodium (E)-2-{2-methoxy-5-[(2',4',6'-trimethoxystyrylsulfonyl)methyl]phenylamino}acetate (ON 01910.Na), which is in phase III trials for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) associated with aberrant expression of cyclin D proteins.
Microbial Enterotypes, Inferred by the Prevotella-to-Bacteroides Ratio, Remained Stable during a 6-Month Randomized Controlled Diet Intervention with the New Nordic Diet (2013)

It has been suggested that the human gut microbiota can be divided into enterotypes based on the abundance of specific bacterial groups; however, the biological significance and stability of these enterotypes remain unresolved. Here, we demonstrated that subjects (n = 62) 18 to 65 years old with central obesity and components of metabolic syndrome could be grouped into two discrete groups simply by their relative abundance of Prevotella spp. divided by Bacteroides spp. (P/B ratio) obtained by quantitative PCR analysis. Furthermore, we showed that these groups remained stable during a 6-month, controlled dietary intervention, where the effect of consuming a diet in accord with the new Nordic diet (NND) recommendations as opposed to consuming the average Danish diet (ADD) on the gut microbiota was investigated. In this study, subjects (with and without stratification according to P/B ratio) did not reveal significant changes in 35 selected bacterial taxa quantified by quantitative PCR (ADD compared to NND) resulting from the dietary interventions. However, we found higher total plasma cholesterol within the high-P/B group than in the low-P/B group after the intervention. We propose that stratification of humans based simply on their P/B ratio could allow better assessment of possible effects of interventions on the gut microbiota and physiological biomarkers.
Comparison of Deformity with Respect to the Talus in Patients with Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction and Controls Using Multiplanar Weight-Bearing Imaging or Conventional Radiography (2014)

Deformity with respect to the talus in posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is multifactorial, but was notably seen at the talonavicular joint in the sagittal plane with both modalities. Good to excellent agreement was found between weight-bearing radiographs and multiplanar weight-bearing images for many parameters; however, a greater number of significant differences was found between the flatfoot and control groups for multiplanar weight-bearing images. This implies a potential role for multiplanar modified sectional weight-bearing imaging as a more informative tool to assess posterior tibial tendon dysfunction in the physiological, full weight-bearing position.
Nanofluidic Bipolar Transistors (2008)

The preparation of a bipolar ionic transistor based on a single hourglass-shaped nanopore with tailored surface charge is shown. The narrow opening of the pore was between 2 and 6 nm. The gate in our device and the device on/off behavior are controlled chemically by changing the surface charge on the pore walls. This was accomplished by changing pH and concentrations of the electrolyte.
Ubi-Finger : Gesture Input Device for Mobile Use (2002)

We propose a novel interface in mobile environment called “Ubi-Finger” that realizes sensuous operations for PDA and information appliances by gestures of fingers. Since gestures are usual methods of non-verbal communications and enables sensuous operations for users, many researches on them carried out especially in the field of Virtual Reality. However most of those existing gesture-input systems are either very expensive or large, and have not been used in mobile environment. In contrast, Ubi-Finger is a gesture-input device, which is simple, compact, and optimized for mobile use. We develop prototype systems, and evaluate how effective our approach works.
STUDY ON EMBANKMENT FOR CONCRETE SLAB TRACK UPON FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT--REINFORCED EMBANKMENT WITH NET (1974)

To construct concrete slab track and assure minimum maintenance, it is necessary to have a densely compacted embankment, taking into account the specific nature of the fill material and the structure. An embankment reinforced with nets of polyethylene has been developed to achieve this. The nets are laid horizontally at 20-cm intervals throughout the fill slope shoulders. The tensile strength of the net allows the heavy compacting vehicle to transverse the shoulder of each layer of the fill safely. Tests showed the embankment was compacted densely throughout--even at the slope surface.
Structure and function of steroid receptor AF1 transactivation domains: induction of active conformations (2005)

Steroid hormones are important endocrine signalling molecules controlling reproduction, development, metabolism, salt balance and specialized cellular responses, such as inflammation and immunity. They are lipophilic in character and act by binding to intracellular receptor proteins. These receptors function as ligand-activated transcription factors, switching on or off networks of genes in response to a specific hormone signal. The receptor proteins have a conserved domain organization, comprising a C-terminal LBD (ligand-binding domain), a hinge region, a central DBD (DNA-binding domain) and a highly variable NTD (N-terminal domain). The NTD is structurally flexible and contains surfaces for both activation and repression of gene transcription, and the strength of the transactivation response has been correlated with protein length. Recent evidence supports a structural and functional model for the NTD that involves induced folding, possibly involving alpha-helix structure, in response to protein-protein interactions and structure-stabilizing solutes.
Measurement of elemental sulfur in soil and sediments - Field sampling, sample storage, pretreatment, extraction and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (1987)

A rapid method for measuring elemental sulfur (S0) in soil and sediments is described that is accurate and precise down to a detection limit of 0.1 mg kg-l. Elemental sulfur is extracted into chloroform and measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. For moist samples, water is added to exceed their liquid limit. The method has been used to follow oxidation of both natural and fertilizer So in soil in the laboratory and field. Sediments analysed included some from lakes, and settling ponds containing coal mine wastes. Extraction within the plastic range was incomplete and recoveries as low as 5%-65% were found for five soils selected for a wide range of plastic limit. The plastic soil aggregates were not dispersed in the water-immiscible chloroform, preventing the dissolution of occluded S0; but at moisture levels above and below the plastic range, the soil was dispersed and extraction of S0 was quantitative. Extraction into a water-miscible solvent, chloroform-methanol (50 : 50), dispersed the soil at all moistures by dissolving the water thus preventing formation of plastic soil. This was less convenient because either volume correction for moisture was needed, or excess water added later to separate the chloroform. Measurement of total sulfur (S) in chloroform by inductively coupled plasma gave comparable results where samples contained S0 fertilizer, but at the lower natural levels they were much less precise and sometimes higher because of the additional S compounds extracted. Storage of moist soil below -10°C or air-dry soil at 20°C, gave no loss of S0 after one month. Moist soil at 20°C gave 40% loss after one week, but at 4°C the loss was only 5% after four weeks. Forced air-drying at 30°C, freeze-drying and microwave drying (under a narrow range of conditions) gave losses of about 5% for fertilizer S0 (&lt;0.15 mm fraction), and of about 20% for smaller S0 crystals. In field trials with S0, sample variability was associated mostly with the difficulty of applying the S0 uniformly and with the small number of particles applied per unit area. For particles &lt;0.25 mm, variability from mixing of cores and sub-sampling was not so great.
Effects of Supine Positioning and Fracture Post Placement on the Perineal Countertraction Force in Awake Volunteers (1995)

An instrumented traction post was used to determine the magnitude and direction of the countertraction force applied to the perineum of 15 awake volunteers for a series of 12 positions used in fracture surgery and compared with their corresponding neutral position controls. The results demonstrated that adduction of the affected limb and abduction of the contralateral limb applied the greatest force to the perineum with ipsilateral and contralateral placement of the fracture post. These two maneuvers increased the perineal countertraction force 80% above their respective neutral readings. Abduction of the affected limb reduced the traction force by 50% with ipsilateral and contralateral placement of the fracture post. Flexion-abduction-external rotation of the contralateral leg reduced the forces applied to the perineum by 60% when the fracture post was placed contralateral to the affected limb. Contralateral placement of the post decreased the perineal countertraction force 46% below the value for ipsilateral post placement for this maneuver. Internal and external rotation of the affected limb had no effect on the perineal countertraction force for either placement of the post. There was a significant decrease in the perineal forces for the neutral positions after adduction of the affected limb and abduction of the contralateral limb with ipsilateral placement of the post, indicating that the volunteers shifted on the fracture table in response to pain. There was no significant difference in the direction of the countertraction force for the various positions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A conceptual model of self-monitoring multi-core systems (2010)

The paper discusses a conceptual model of building a self-monitoring mechanism in a multi-core system such that the health of the entire system can be monitored securely and in an implicit manner. Accordingly, a many-core system is vertically partitioned (from hardware to application level) so that a small set of processors (security core) is separated from other user data processing cores to build a security subsystem. Then the model delegates security handling tasks to this isolated subsystem and uses a set of privileged instructions to monitor the other part (user side) and interact using a secure message exchange protocol. Simulation of the proposed security mechanism using several off-the-shelf software tools will be performed in order to demonstrate the proof-of-concept.
Comparative Analysis and Fusion of Spatiotemporal Information for Footstep Recognition (2012)

Footstep recognition is a relatively new biometric which aims to discriminate people using walking characteristics extracted from floor-based sensors. This paper reports for the first time a comparative assessment of the spatiotemporal information contained in the footstep signals for person recognition. Experiments are carried out on the largest footstep database collected to date, with almost 20,000 valid footstep signals and more than 120 people. Results show very similar performance for both spatial and temporal approaches (5 to 15 percent EER depending on the experimental setup), and a significant improvement is achieved for their fusion (2.5 to 10 percent EER). The assessment protocol is focused on the influence of the quantity of data used in the reference models, which serves to simulate conditions of different potential applications such as smart homes or security access scenarios.
ABAP OBJECTS: DESIGNING A PROGRAMMING COURSE FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS STUDENTS USING SAP SOFTWARE (2008)

This paper discusses an ABAP Objects programming class for Information Systems students. ABAP is the proprietary language of the SAP enterprise resource system. The most recent version of the SAP platform includes ABAP Objects. This paper provides some helpful suggestions on what resources and topics to teach for this language either at an introductory or advanced level programming course using a classic procedural approach or an objects first approach.
Rice cultivar responses to elevated CO2 at two free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) sites in Japan (2013)

There is some evidence that rice cultivars respond differently to elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]), but [CO2]×cultivar interaction has never been tested under open-field conditions across different sites. Here, we report on trials conducted at free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facilities at two sites in Japan, Shizukuishi (2007 and 2008) and Tsukuba (2010). The average growing-season air temperature was more than 5°C warmer at Tsukuba than at Shizukuishi. For four cultivars tested at both sites, the [CO2]×cultivar interaction was significant for brown rice yield, but there was no significant interaction with site-year. Higher-yielding cultivars with a large sink size showed a greater [CO2] response. The Tsukuba FACE experiment, which included eight cultivars, revealed a wider range of yield enhancement (3-36%) than the multi-site experiment. All of the tested yield components contributed to this enhancement, but there was a highly significant [CO2]×cultivar interaction for percentage of ripened spikelets. These results suggest that a large sink is a prerequisite for higher productivity under elevated [CO2], but that improving carbon allocation by increasing grain setting may also be a practical way of increasing the yield response to elevated [CO2].
Application of the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction to the Functionalization of Dendrimers: Synthesis of Amino Acid Terminated Dendrimers (1997)

The Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of the first, third and fourth generation of aldehyde terminated dendrimers 1-[Gn] (n=1: 6 CHO, n=3:24 CHO, n=4:48 CHO groups, respectively) with phosphonates unsubstituted at the carbon α to the phosphoryl group 2a-i affords in moderate yield dendrimers bearing various α,β-unsaturated functional groups on the surface, including amino acid derivatives.
Ellagitannin Chemistry. Syntheses of Tellimagrandin II and a Dehydrodigalloyl Ether-Containing Dimeric Gallotannin Analogue of Coriariin A (1998)

The first chemical synthesis of the naturally occurring ellagitannin tellimagrandin II is reported. Key steps of the synthesis include the atropselective oxidative coupling of suitably protected galloyl rings at the O(4) and O(6) positions of a glucopyranose core, and the stereoselective acylation of the derived anomeric alcohol with a galloyl chloride. In addition, the synthesis of a novel gallotannin-ellagitannin hybrid is described. This dimeric construct relied on a hetero Diels-Alder cycloaddition/reductive rearrangement sequence to deliver the intact skeleton from a monomeric pentagalloylglucose-based orthoquinone.
Subsurface Water Movement and Downslope Deformation in Model-Slope Tests by Artificial Rainfall (2006)

The flowslide is reproduced by the quasi-real scale model-slope tests on river sand by artificial rainfall, in which subsurface water movement and downslope deformation are carefully monitored. The rainfall at the intensity of 100 mm/hour on the specimen formed at loose state (9.0-metre long, 1.0-metre wide, 0.5metre deep) have brought about the failure at 2,931 sec after the onset of sprinkling. Firstly, the pore-fluid has descended gradually leading to the parallel wetting-front to the base, and the sand specimen has been susceptible to the vertical contraction. From 300 sec before the failure, the equi-potential lines started to bend normally to the model-slope base and the pore-fluid has been subject to downslope flow. At the same time, the soil strain in deep layer has considerably started. The most severe creep deformation has been produced in the deep layer among the upper slope portion on steep slope and the failure has been initiated within this section. The excess pore-pressure has not been observed in the source area. Whereas, severe excessive pressure head has been generated due to the collision of the failed upper slope-mass, leading to liquidization. It suggests that the dependence of flowslide generation must be on the dynamic changes in pore-pressure not in the source area but in the compressed lower slope-section.
In Hepatocellular Carcinoma miR-221 Modulates Sorafenib Resistance through Inhibition of Caspase-3–Mediated Apoptosis (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> The aberrant expression of miR-221 is a hallmark of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its involvement in drug resistance, together with a proved <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of anti-miR-221 molecules, strengthen its role as an attractive target candidate in the oncologic field. The discovery of biomarkers predicting the response to treatments represents a clinical challenge in the personalized treatment era. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of miR-221 as a circulating biomarker in HCC patients undergoing sorafenib treatment as well as to evaluate its contribution to sorafenib resistance in advanced HCC.<b>Experimental Design:</b> A chemically induced HCC rat model and a xenograft mouse model, together with HCC-derived cell lines were employed to analyze miR-221 modulation by Sorafenib treatment. Data from the functional analysis were validated in tissue samples from surgically resected HCCs. The variation of circulating miR-221 levels in relation to Sorafenib treatment were assayed in the animal models and in two independent cohorts of patients with advanced HCC.<b>Results:</b> MiR-221 over-expression was associated with Sorafenib resistance in two HCC animal models and caspase-3 was identified as its target gene, driving miR-221 anti-apoptotic activity following Sorafenib administration. Lower pre-treatment miR-221 serum levels were found in patients subsequently experiencing response to Sorafenib and an increase of circulating miR-221 at the two months assessment was observed in responder patients.<b>Conclusions:</b> MiR-221 might represent a candidate biomarker of likelihood of response to Sorafenib in HCC patients to be tested in future studies. Caspase-3 modulation by miR-221 participates to Sorafenib resistance. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3953-65. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Chemical Modification of Polystyrene Surfaces by Low-Energy Polyatomic Ion Beams (1998)

The chemical modification of polystyrene surfaces by low-energy (10−100 eV) SF5+, C3F5+, and SO3+ ions was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and two-laser ion trap mass spectrometry. The mechanism of fluorination was found to be dissimilar for SF5+ and C3F5+ ions in this energy range at fluences of 1014−1016 ions/cm2. SF5+ was found to induce fluorination of the polymer surface by grafting reactive F atoms upon dissociation at impact. SFn fragments were not found to be grafted or implanted into the polymer. Sulfur was detected on the polymer surface only at incident energies above 50 eV and was found to be sulfidic in nature. In contrast, C3F5+ ions induced grafting of both reactive F atoms and molecular CmFn fragments from the dissociation of the incident projectile. Larger proportions of highly fluorinated sites and thicker fluorocarbon layers were found for C3F5+ at all energies and fluences. A variety of aliphatic and aromatic fluorine bonding environments were detected on both SF5+ and C3F5+ modified polystyrene surfaces.
Evaluation of Cement Systems for Oil and Gas-Well Zonal Isolation in a Full-Scale Annular Geometry (2005)

Summary Loss of zonal isolation in a wellbore can be caused by mechanical failure of the cement or by development of a microannulus. However, behavior of the sealant is driven by specific boundary conditions such as rock properties. Large-scale laboratory testing of the cement sheath in an annular geometry and a confined situation was performed to simulate various downhole stress conditions and evaluate the behavior of several sealants. Failure modes of the cement sheath were determined as a function of cement mechanical properties, loading parameters, and boundary conditions. Results were used to validate an analytical model that predicts cement-sheath failure.
Panic of 1907 (2008)

The Bank Panic of 1907 was the final banking crisis of the National Banking Era (1863–1913); it was significant in that it led to the Federal Reserve Act. The panic began when the spectacular attempt by F. Augustus Heinze to corner the stock of United Copper Company collapsed on 16 October 1907. The collapse revealed the extensive links of Heinze to another notorious financier in the New York City banking community, Charles F. Morse, a man O. M. W. Sprague (1910, p. 248) describes as having ‘an extreme character, even by American speculative standards’. Solvency concerns led to a series of bank runs at several national banks controlled by the two men. Yet the turmoil surrounding the Heinze collapse did not produce a systemic panic in New York, because the New York Clearinghouse took prompt corrective actions on the member institutions.
<i>In vitro</i> assembly of the undecaprenylpyrophosphate-linked heptasaccharide for prokaryotic N-linked glycosylation (2005)

Campylobacter jejuni has a general N-linked glycosylation pathway (encoded by the pgl gene cluster), which culminates in the transfer of a heptasaccharide: GalNAc-alpha1,4-GalNAc-alpha1,4-(Glcbeta1,3)-GalNAc-alpha1,4-GalNAc-alpha1,4-GalNAc-alpha1,3-Bac [where Bac is bacillosamine (2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxyglucose)] from a membrane-anchored undecaprenylpyrophosphate (Und-PP)-linked donor to the asparagine side chain of proteins at the Asn-X-Ser/Thr motif. Herein we report, the cloning, overexpression, and purification of four of the glycosyltransferases (PglA, PglH, PglI, and PglJ) responsible for the biosynthesis of the Und-PP-linked heptasaccharide. Starting with chemically synthesized Und-PP-linked Bac and various combinations of enzymes, we have deduced the precise functions of these glycosyltransferases. PglA and PglJ add the first two GalNAc residues on to the isoprenoid-linked Bac carrier, respectively. Elongation of the trisaccharide with PglH results in a hexasaccharide revealing the polymerase activity of PglH. The final branching glucose is then added by PglI, which prefers native lipids for optimal activity. The sequential activities of the glycosyl transferases in the pathway can be reconstituted in vitro. This pathway represents an ideal venue for investigating the integrated functions of a series of enzymatic processes that occur at a membrane interface.