gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relation between Respiratory Changes in Arterial Pulse Pressure and Fluid Responsiveness in Septic Patients with Acute Circulatory Failure (2000)

In mechanically ventilated patients with acute circulatory failure related to sepsis, we investigated whether the respiratory changes in arterial pressure could be related to the effects of volume expansion (VE) on cardiac index (CI). Forty patients instrumented with indwelling systemic and pulmonary artery catheters were studied before and after VE. Maximal and minimal values of pulse pressure (Pp(max) and Pp(min)) and systolic pressure (Ps(max) and Ps(min)) were determined over one respiratory cycle. The respiratory changes in pulse pressure (DeltaPp) were calculated as the difference between Pp(max) and Pp(min) divided by the mean of the two values and were expressed as a percentage. The respiratory changes in systolic pressure (DeltaPs) were calculated using a similar formula. The VE-induced increase in CI was >/= 15% in 16 patients (responders) and < 15% in 24 patients (nonresponders). Before VE, DeltaPp (24 +/- 9 versus 7 +/- 3%, p < 0.001) and DeltaPs (15 +/- 5 versus 6 +/- 3%, p < 0.001) were higher in responders than in nonresponders. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed that DeltaPp was a more accurate indicator of fluid responsiveness than DeltaPs. Before VE, a DeltaPp value of 13% allowed discrimination between responders and nonresponders with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 96%. VE-induced changes in CI closely correlated with DeltaPp before volume expansion (r(2) = 0. 85, p < 0.001). VE decreased DeltaPp from 14 +/- 10 to 7 +/- 5% (p < 0.001) and VE-induced changes in DeltaPp correlated with VE-induced changes in CI (r(2) = 0.72, p < 0.001). It was concluded that in mechanically ventilated patients with acute circulatory failure related to sepsis, analysis of DeltaPp is a simple method for predicting and assessing the hemodynamic effects of VE, and that DeltaPp is a more reliable indicator of fluid responsiveness than DeltaPs.
What You Get Is What You See: A Visual Markup Decompiler. (2016)

Building on recent advances in image caption generation and optical character recognition (OCR), we present a general-purpose, deep learning-based system to decompile an image into presentational markup. While this task is a well-studied problem in OCR, our method takes an inherently different, data-driven approach. Our model does not require any knowledge of the underlying markup language, and is simply trained end-to-end on real-world example data. The model employs a convolutional network for text and layout recognition in tandem with an attention-based neural machine translation system. To train and evaluate the model, we introduce a new dataset of real-world rendered mathematical expressions paired with LaTeX markup, as well as a synthetic dataset of web pages paired with HTML snippets. Experimental results show that the system is surprisingly effective at generating accurate markup for both datasets. While a standard domain-specific LaTeX OCR system achieves around 25% accuracy, our model reproduces the exact rendered image on 75% of examples.
A quantitative push‐net system for transect studies of larval fish and macrozooplankton1,2 (1973)

A surface plankton sampler that quantitatively samples contiguous segments of a transect has characteristics that include operability in shallow water by two investigators, paired, self‐cleaning nets, a minimum of obstructions preceding the nets, and a high ratio of filtering area to mouth area.
An Efficient Match-based Duplication Detection Algorithm (2006)

An efficient algorithm for detecting duplicate regions is proposed in this paper. The basic idea is to segment the input image into blocks and search for blocks with similar intensity patterns using matching techniques. To improve the efficiency, the blocks are sorted based on the concept of k-dimensional tree. The sorting process groups blocks with similar patterns and hence the number of matching operations required for finding the duplicated blocks can be significantly reduced. The matching block detection results are encoded as a color image. This makes it possible to use a set of colour-based morphological operations to remove isolated mismatches, as well as to fill in missing matches. The experiments conducted show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Extended voltage swell ride-through capability for PWM voltage-source rectifiers (2002)

Voltage swells are one of the most harmful voltage disturbances for static power converters. A supply voltage increase may severely damage or trip converters, causing production and revenue losses. In the case of the PWM voltage source rectifier, a swell causes saturation of its control system, followed by a transition to 6-pulse operation that leaves the DC-link bus uncontrolled. This paper presents a nonlinear control strategy to effectively deal with voltage swells. The proposed scheme takes two actions, first, it exploits the DC-link voltage capacity by allowing dynamic over modulation, and secondly it draws inductive current to maintain control over the DC-link bus in case the former action does not suffice. This is realized using decision-making space vector modulation, which completely covers both sinusoidal (M<0.907) and over-modulation ranges (0.907<M< 1) requiring minimum processing capacity. Further, a nonlinear control strategy is employed to linearize and decouple the converter d-q axes dynamics, assuring a dynamic response totally independent from the operating point. The latter is a desirable feature for high-performance ac drives. Finally, experimental results from a TMS320C32 DSP based system are presented and used for evaluation of the proposed control strategy.
Abusing cloud-based browsers for fun and profit (2012)

Cloud services have become a cheap and popular means of computing. They allow users to synchronize data between devices and relieve low-powered devices from heavy computations. In response to the surge of smartphones and mobile devices, several cloud-based Web browsers have become commercially available. These "cloud browsers" assemble and render Web pages within the cloud, executing JavaScript code for the mobile client. This paper explores how the computational abilities of cloud browsers may be exploited through a Browser MapReduce (BMR) architecture for executing large, parallel tasks. We explore the computation and memory limits of four cloud browsers, and demonstrate the viability of BMR by implementing a client based on a reverse engineering of the Puffin cloud browser. We implement and test three canonical MapReduce applications (word count, distributed grep, and distributed sort). While we perform experiments on relatively small amounts of data (100 MB) for ethical considerations, our results strongly suggest that current cloud browsers are a viable source of arbitrary free computing at large scale.
Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from the uterus of puerperal dairy cows (2009)

The role of Escherichia coli in the pathogenesis of the puerperal uterine infection of the cow is largely unknown. It is proposed that E. coli favors the persistence of Arcanobacterium pyogenes and gram-negative bacteria that are pivotal to the establishment of the infection. Here, we report the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of 72 E. coli isolates recovered from the uterus of dairy cows with normal puerperium (n = 12; 35 isolates) or clinical metritis (n = 18; 37 isolates), in an attempt to identify characteristics that are related to the establishment of uterine infection. We evaluated DNA fingerprints generated by repetitive element sequence-based PCR, phylogenetic grouping, the presence of 15 virulence factor genes, in vitro biofilm formation and its relationship to curli fimbriae expression, and cellulose production. We found a wide genetic diversity (40 clonal types), including types common to normal puerperium and clinical metritis cows (n = 6), as well as types specific to normal puerperium (n = 14) or clinical metritis (n = 20) cows. Isolates were assigned to phylogenetic groups B1 (58%), A (31%), and D (11%). Only 4 virulence factor genes were detected (hlyE, hlyA, iuc, and eaeA). In vitro biofilm formation was significantly affected by culture medium and incubation temperature. Curli fimbriae expression and cellulose production, although related to biofilm formation, were not required for it. None of the evaluated E. coli characteristics were significantly related to the establishment of the uterine infection. In conclusion, data presented in this paper indicate that E. coli isolates recovered from the uterus of puerperal cows present a wide genetic diversity, do not belong to a known pathogenic group, and have a low potential of virulence and persistence. This corroborates the putative role of the bacterium in the pathogenesis of the puerperal uterine infection of the cow.
A New Nasal Bridle for Securing Nasoenteral Feeding Tubes (1989)

A newly designed nasal bridle and rationale for its clinical use are described. Previous nasal bridles have been shown to reduce the 40 to 60% incidence of dislodgement of nasoenteral feeding tubes. Nasal bridles, however, are still not routinely used in nasoenteral feeding of patients who dislodge their feeding tubes. Instead, percutaneous gastrostomies and parenteral nutrition are increasingly being used in these patients who may otherwise be fed adequately with a secured nasoenteral tube. The newly designed nasal bridle described herein has the advantages of easy and rapid placement. Use of this bridle can promote safer and more effective enteral feeding while avoiding the complications and cost of parenteral nutritional and gastrostomies.
공학 / 기공 / 관능검사 : 변이체벼 배유 전분분자의 포도당 사슬길이 분포와 쌀빵 가공성간의 상관관계 (2001)

8품종 변이체 쌀 전분의 청가에 의한 아밀로오스 함량의 차이는 남풍벼>화청벼>분질미>남풍 CB243>화청 du-1>남풍 EM9O>화청찰벼>shr.의 순이었다. 아밀로펙틴의 미세구조는 효소처리에 의해서 debranching시킨 전분의 glucose chain length분포 비교에 의해서 수행되었고, 품종별로 미세구조상에 차이가 있었다. 아밀로오스 함량이 낮을수록 씹힘성이 좋은 쌀빵의 제조가 가능하였으며, 아밀로펙틴 분획에 짧은 쇄장을 많이 함유하는 품종일수록 질감 및 기호도가 높은 쌀빵의 제조가 가능하였다.
Data synchronization in a replicated distributed database (2013)

This study analyzes data protection and disaster recovery technologies and existing solutions. This work is carried out in Charging and Service Control business group inside Nokia Network. Our intelligent network has high availability implemented already in one data center by Oracle RAC. In order to achieve the continuously data availability in the event of a site disaster, another data center at a remote site is introduced into our IT infrastructure. The target is to minimize the downtime associated with the outage and preventing data loss in a site disaster, as well as to derive the most out of the disaster recovery infrastructure even in times when there is no disaster. \n\nTwo data centers mean two locations for data. The focus of this study is to find out how the data is synchronized between two databases residing on two different sites. The main goals are to understand what the efforts and costs are to adopt a certain solution, what the performance is, what problems can occur, how they can be solved and to illustrate the inherent limitations and challenges of some technologies.\n\nThe study deals with the general site disaster tolerance requirements from our customers. The problems found concern, for example, replication conflicts, limitation of inter-site connection technologies, essential of synchronous and asynchronous mode. The problems are analyzed on the basis of literature in the field of data synchronization in high availability and disaster tolerance environment. \n\nBased on the comparison and balancing of costs, performance and availability, a compromised cost-efficient solution is proposed for our distributed database environment which has the essential of replication conflict. This solution is based on standby database technology that keeps a standby copy of the database at a remote site synchronized with the primary site.\n\n \n\nKey words and terms: synchronization, replication, disaster tolerance, high availability, synchronous and asynchronous mode.
Investigation of Fatigue Crack Initiation by Successive Observations of Surface (1980)

高力 Al 合金と軟鋼の回転曲げ疲労における初期の疲労過程を, き裂発生の起点に注目した連続観察, 破面観察および疲労過程の途中における静的引張りひずみの付加を通じて調べた. その結果, き裂発生過程に大きな相違があることがわかった. Al 合金では Forsyth の第1段階に従って微細なすべり帯からき裂が発生するが, 軟鋼ではき裂となるべき部分は寸法を増さずに全体として乱れを増し, 1結晶粒程度のき裂に近づく.
Comprehensive profiling and localisation of the matrix metalloproteinases in urothelial carcinoma (2006)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases which break down the extracellular matrix and regulate cytokine and growth factor activity. Several MMPs have been implicated in the promotion of invasion and metastasis in a broad range of tumours including urothelial carcinoma. In this study, RNA from 132 normal bladder and urothelial carcinoma specimens was profiled for each of the 24 human MMPs, the four endogenous tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and several key growth factors and their receptors using quantitative real time RT-PCR. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) of RNA from 22 tumour and 11 normal frozen sections was performed allowing accurate RNA extraction from either stromal or epithelial compartments. This study confirms the over expression in bladder tumour tissue of well-documented MMPs and highlights a range of MMPs which have not previously been implicated in the development of urothelial cancer. In summary, MMP-2, MT1-MMP and the previously unreported MMP-28 were very highly expressed in tumour samples while MMPs 1, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19 and 23 were highly expressed. There was a significant positive correlation between transcript expression and tumour grade for MMPs 1, 2, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 28 (P < 0.001). At the same confidence interval, TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 also correlated with increasing tumour grade. LCM revealed that most highly expressed MMPs are located primarily within the stromal compartment except MMP-13 which localised to the epithelial compartment. This work forms the basis for further functional studies, which will help to confirm the MMPs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in early bladder cancer.
Reduced-rank adaptive MMSE equalization for high-speed CDMA forward link with sparse multipath channels (2002)

This paper deals with adaptive reduced-rank, chip-level MMSE estimation for the forward link in CDMA based on the multi-stage nested Wiener filter (MSNWF). We first examine through simulations the convergence of 'block-adaptive' MSNWF based on training by pilot symbols; MSNWF operates in a low-rank subspace facilitating faster convergence than LMS and RLS. We then describe a "semi-blind" approach which exploits the underlying channel structure, specifically the fact that the channel impulse response is sparse, to adapt a much lower-dimensional equalizer. Our simulations show this low-rank MMSE equalizer converges very quickly to the asymptotic SINR.
Binding to antithrombin of heparin fractions with different molecular weights (1981)

The interaction between bovine antithrombin, a plasma proteinase inhibitor, and heparin species of different molecular weights was studied. A commercial heparin preparation was divided by gel chromatography into a number of fractions with average molecular weights ranging from 6000 to 34700. Each of these fractions was further fractionated by affinity chromatography on matrix-bound antithrombin. In the latter procedure, those heparin fractions that had molecular weights lower than about 14000 were separated into three peaks. The material in the first of these was not adsorbed on the column, and the other two peaks corresponded to the low-affinity and high-affinity peaks described previously. In contrast, high-molecular-weight heparin samples gave only the low-affinity and high-affinity fractions. U.v. difference absorption studies showed that the non-adsorbed heparin fraction bound to antithrombin in solution with a binding constant at physiological ionic strength only slightly lower than that of low-affinity heparin. The division between the two fractions thus is arbitrary and only dependent on the conditions selected for the affinity-chromatography experiment. Stoicheiometries and binding constants for the binding of several high-affinity heparin species to antithrombin were determined by fluorescence titrations. High-affinity heparin fractions of equal elution positions in the beginning of the peaks of the affinity chromatographies, but with different molecular weights, showed stoicheiometries that were not experimentally distinguishable from 1:1 and also had no appreciable differences in binding constants. However, the anticoagulant activities, calculated on a molar basis, of these fractions increased markedly with molecular weight, a behaviour that thus cannot be explained by differences in the binding of the fractions to antithrombin. In contrast, high-affinity samples of similar molecular weights, which were eluted at increasing ionic strengths from matrix-linked antithrombin, were found to have an increasing proportion of chains with two binding sites for antithrombin and also to have progressively higher binding constants. These binding properties at least partly explain the increasing anticoagulant activities that were observed for these fractions.
Real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry study of the growth of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon thin films prepared by alternating silicon deposition and hydrogen plasma treatment (1995)

The growth of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon (\ensuremath{\mu}c-Si) films prepared by alternating the deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and hydrogen plasma exposure is studied by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. The deposition and etching sequences are clearly identified in the real-time ellipsometric trajectories. Insights into the growth of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon materials are obtained from a detailed study of the effects of varying the deposition and hydrogen plasma treatment times as well as the thickness dependence of the film composition. Indeed, we have found that the composition of amorphous and microcrystalline films slowly changes with the increasing film thickness. However, while a-Si:H films becomes porous and rough with the increasing number of cycles, \ensuremath{\mu}c-Si films become denser and their crystalline volume fraction increases. During growth, the transition from a-Si:H to \ensuremath{\mu}c-Si deposition occurs through an intermediate highly porous a-Si:H phase. We suggest that this porous phase is a key element in \ensuremath{\mu}c-Si nucleation, while both selective etching and chemical annealing have to be considered in the growth of the crystallites. Our results show that it is possible to increase the volume fraction of the crystalline phase by reducing the deposition time within one cycle or by increasing the hydrogen plasma treatment time.
Differentiating Writing Inks Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Writing ink analysis is used in establishing document authenticity and the sources and relative ages of written entries. Most analytical methods require removing samples or visibly altering the document. Nondestructive, in situ analysis of writing inks on paper without visible alteration is possible using mass spectrometry with a new ion source called Direct Analysis in Real Time. Forty-three different black and blue ballpoint, black fluid, and black gel inks were examined. Both dyes and persistent but thermally labile components of the inks contribute to the mass spectra, principally as protonated molecules [M+H](+). Numerous ink components were identified from the spectra. The spectra were placed in a searchable library, which was then challenged with two spectra from each of the 43 inks. The best match for each of the challenge spectra was correct for all but one ink, which matched with a very similar ink by the same manufacturer.
Assuring Demanded Read Performance of Data Deduplication Storage with Backup Datasets (2012)

Data deduplication has been widely adopted in contemporary backup storage systems. It not only saves storage space considerably, but also shortens the data backup time significantly. Since the major goal of the original data deduplication lies in saving storage space, its design has been focused primarily on improving write performance by removing as many duplicate data as possible from incoming data streams. Although fast recovery from a system crash relies mainly on read performance provided by deduplication storage, little investigation into read performance improvement has been made. In general, as the amount of deduplicated data increases, write performance improves accordingly, whereas associated read performance becomes worse. In this paper, we newly propose a deduplication scheme that assures demanded read performance of each data stream while achieving its write performance at a reasonable level, eventually being able to guarantee a target system recovery time. For this, we first propose an indicator called cache aware Chunk Fragmentation Level (CFL) that estimates degraded read performance on the fly by taking into account both incoming chunk information and read cache effects. We also show a strong correlation between this CFL and read performance in the backup datasets. In order to guarantee demanded read performance expressed in terms of a CFL value, we propose a read performance enhancement scheme called selective duplication that is activated whenever the current CFL becomes worse than the demanded one. The key idea is to judiciously write non-unique (shared) chunks into storage together with unique chunks unless the shared chunks exhibit good enough spatial locality. We quantify the spatial locality by using a selective duplication threshold value. Our experiments with the actual backup datasets demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves demanded read performance in most cases at the reasonable cost of write performance.
P‐162: Recycling Surface Plasmon Polaritons of OLED for Tunable Double Emission and Efficiency Enhancement (2007)

Abstract By thinning the metal electrode, the SPP modes of OLEDs can be coupled to the outside surface of the device, where they can be recycled for external emission by simply capping the device with an appropriate absorbing/re‐emission medium. A modest efficiency enhancement has been observed. In addition, such an approach provides double‐emitting OLEDs with a wide‐range color tuning capability, which may be of use for some applications.
Structure of the floating water bridge and water in an electric field (2012)

The floating water bridge phenomenon is a freestanding rope-shaped connection of pure liquid water, formed under the influence of a high potential difference (approximately 15 kV). Several recent spectroscopic, optical, and neutron scattering studies have suggested that the origin of the bridge is associated with the formation of anisotropic chains of water molecules in the liquid. In this work, high energy X-ray diffraction experiments have been performed on a series of floating water bridges as a function of applied voltage, bridge length, and position within the bridge. The two-dimensional X-ray scattering data showed no direction-dependence, indicating that the bulk water molecules do not exhibit any significant preferred orientation along the electric field. The only structural changes observed were those due to heating, and these effects were found to be the same as for bulk water. These X-ray scattering measurements are supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which were performed under electric fields of 10(6) V/m and 10(9) V/m. Directional structure factor calculations were made from these simulations parallel and perpendicular to the E-field. The 10(6) V/m model showed no significant directional-dependence (anisotropy) in the structure factors. The 10(9) V/m model however, contained molecules aligned by the E-field, and had significant structural anisotropy.