gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WebOQL: Restructuring documents, databases, and webs (1999)

The widespread use of the Web has originated several new data management problems, such as extracting data from Web pages and making databases accessible from Web browsers. It has also renewed the interest in problems that had appeared before in other contexts, such as querying graphs, semistructured data and structured documents. Several systems and languages have been proposed for solving each of these Web-data management problems, but none of these systems addresses all the problems from a unified perspective. Many of these problems essentially amount to data restructuring: we have information represented according to a certain structure and we want to construct another representation of (part of) it using a different structure. We present the WebOQL system, which supports a general class of data restructuring operations in the context of the Web. WebOQL synthesizes ideas from query languages for the web, for semistructured data and for Web site restructuring. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Calculation of Gamma Spectra for Positron Annihilation on Molecules (2010)

Calculations of gamma spectra for positron annihilation for a selection of molecules, including methane and its fluoro-substitutes, ethane, propane, butane and benzene are presented. The contribution to the -spectra from individual molecular orbitals is obtained from electron momentum distributions calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) based B3LYP/TZVP model. For positrons thermalised to room temperature, the calculation, in its simplest form, effectively treats the positron as a plane wave and gives positron annihilation  spectra linewidths that are broader (30–40%) than experiment, although the main chemical trends are reproduced. The main physical reason for this is the neglect of positron repulsion from the nuclei. We show that this effect can be incorporated through momentum-dependent correction factors, determined from positron-atom calculations, e.g., many-body perturbation theory. Inclusion of these factors in the calculation gives linewidths that are in improved agreement with experiment.
Wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor with pixel level ADC (2003)

A new enhanced dynamic range (DR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) CMOS imaging system with a pixel level analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. The proposed reset technique and time-to-digital converter increases DR and peak SNR simultaneously. The circuit reuse concept is also proposed to increase the fill factor.
Effects of glucocorticoids on radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis (2007)

Even in the most conservative estimate, the evidence that glucocorticoids given in addition to standard therapy can substantially reduce the rate of erosion progression in rheumatoid arthritis is convincing. There remains concern about potential long-term adverse reactions to glucocorticoid therapy, such as increased cardiovascular risk, and this issue requires further research.
BLADDER SENSIBILITY (1924)

It is not unusual to observe patients with unmistakable evidence of a disturbed nervous mechanism of the urinary bladder, but no clinically demonstrable lesion in the central nervous system. Of seventy-three patients with cord bladders who registered at the Mayo Clinic during 1921 and 1922, seventeen (23.29 per cent.) were neurologically normal according to the usual tests, symptoms referable to the bladder being the only evidence of disease of the central nervous system. The question arises: Are such symptoms due to a local disturbance in the nerve supply? If so, theoretically the condition of the sensory as well as of the motor fibers of the nerves in question should be investigated. A review of the literature disclosed comparatively little on the study of bladder sensibility. This investigation was begun in order to determine (1) the response of the normal bladder to touch, temperature and pain; (2) if possible, the sensory
TRANSPORT AND EUROPEAN CHANGE (1990)

SUBTITLE: TOM BEAGLEY LOOKS BACK ON FIVE YEARS OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF TRANSPORT INSTITUTES AND THE DEVELOPMENTS IN EUROPE'S TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
New methods for savings and loans to hedge interest rate risk (1988)

Increased interest rate volatility in recent years has led to a greater volatility in profits at savings and loan associations. To help stabilize their profits, some S&L's are implementing interest rate hedging programs. These programs use financial instruments such as interest rate swaps, financial futures and options on financial futures. Because hedging programs introduce their own risks, S&L's should thoroughly examine all aspects of the programs before employing them.
Immunologic aspects of recurrent abortion and fetal death. (1987)

Although mechanisms that prevent rejection of the conceptus are incompletely understood, recent evidence suggests that maternal immunologic aberrations may cause repeated abortions. Autoimmune conditions associated with antiphospholipid antibodies sometimes produce vascular abnormalities in the decidua and placenta; successful pregnancies can be achieved in most of these women by treatment with corticosteroids and low-dose aspirin. Abnormal maternal immune responses to paternal or trophoblast alloantigens, with insufficient production of blocking antibodies or suppressor cells, have also been implicated. Immunization of these patients with paternal or third-party leukocytes has resulted in a number of live births. However, the mechanism of action, effectiveness, and safety of all treatment regimens remain controversial. Present recommendations for the evaluation of recurrent-abortion patients include diagnosis and appropriate treatment of traditional nonimmunologic and more recently recognized autoimmune factors. The remaining patients with no detectable cause for repetitive pregnancy loss are candidates for referral to research centers for further immunologic evaluation and experimental immunotherapy.
Pressurized liquid extraction of polar and nonpolar lipids in corn and oats with hexane, methylene chloride, isopropanol, and ethanol (2003)

Abstract Samples of freshly ground corn kernels and freshly ground rolled oats were extracted via pressurized liquid extraction (accelerated solvent extraction) using four different organic solvents [hexane, methylene chloride (also known as dichloromethane), isopropanol, and ethanol] at two temperatures (40 and 100°C). Lipid yields varied from 2.9 to 5.9 wt% for ground corn and from 5.5 to 6.7 wt% for ground oats. With ground corn, more lipid was extracted as solvent polarity was increased, and for each individual solvent, more lipid was extracted at 100°C than at 40°C. With ground oats, the same temperature effects was observed, but the solvent polarity effect was more complex. For both corn and oats, methylene chloride extracted the highest levels of each of the nonpolar lipid classes. In general, for both corn and oats, icnreasing solvent polarity resulted in increasing yields of polar lipids, and for each solvent, more of each lipid class was extracted at 100°C, than at 40°C. Among the lipids in corn extracts, the phytosterols may be the most valuable, and total phytosterols ranged from about 0.6 wt% in the hot ethanol extracts to about 2.1 wt% in the hot hexane and methylene chloride extracts. Total phytosterols in all oat extracts were about 0.1 wt%. Digalactosyldiacylglycerol was the most abundant polar lipid in the oat extracts; its levels ranged from 1.6 wt% in the cold hexane extracts to 4.3 wt% in the hot ethanol extracts.
Significance of the levels of carboxy terminal type II procollagen peptide, chondroitin sulfate isomers, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, and metalloproteinases in osteoarthritis joint fluid. (1995)

The joint fluid levels of several molecules that reflect the anabolism and catabolism of cartilage matrix and its inflammation were quantitated in patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA) and traumatic arthritis. The carboxy terminal type II procollagen increased in primary OA and traumatic arthritis joint fluid and was thought to be a good marker of the repair response of chondrocytes. We found that the increase of this molecule in the joint correlated well with body mass index in primary OA and the degree of cartilage erosion caused by joint instability in traumatic arthritis. Chondroitin 6-sulfate, an integral part of human aggrecan, was also high in OA and traumatic arthritis joint fluids, and showed a similar distribution with keratan sulfate in each disease group. Stromelysin-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 levels in joint fluid were very high in RA, but levels in patients with OA were low. Carboxy terminal type II procollagen appeared most sensitive in the evaluation of risk factors of OA such as obesity and joint instability, compared to other markers tested.
Leveraging syntax-related code for automated program repair (2017)

We present our automated program repair technique ssFix which leverages existing code (from a code database) that is syntax-related to the context of a bug to produce patches for its repair. Given a faulty program and a fault-exposing test suite, ssFix does fault localization to identify suspicious statements that are likely to be faulty. For each such statement, ssFix identifies a code chunk (or target chunk) including the statement and its local context. ssFix works on the target chunk to produce patches. To do so, it first performs syntactic code search to find candidate code chunks that are syntax-related, i.e., structurally similar and conceptually related, to the target chunk from a code database (or codebase) consisting of the local faulty program and an external code repository. ssFix assumes the correct fix to be contained in the candidate chunks, and it leverages each candidate chunk to produce patches for the target chunk. To do so, ssFix translates the candidate chunk by unifying the names used in the candidate chunk with those in the target chunk; matches the chunk components (expressions and statements) between the translated candidate chunk and the target chunk; and produces patches for the target chunk based on the syntactic differences that exist between the matched components and in the unmatched components. ssFix finally validates the patched programs generated against the test suite and reports the first one that passes the test suite. We evaluated ssFix on 357 bugs in the Defects4J bug dataset. Our results show that ssFix successfully repaired 20 bugs with valid patches generated and that it outperformed five other repair techniques for Java.
An energy-efficient ASIC with real-time work-on-demand for wireless body sensor network (2008)

This paper presents an energy efficient ASIC design with the capability of real-time work-on-demand, targeting on the applications of wireless body sensor network (WBSN), especially on those for medical and heath purposes. Application specific requirements have been reviewed. A novel type of sensor node architecture is proposed with a hybrid of active/passive transceivers. The passive RF receiver with zero standby current gives the WBSN nodes the real capability of work-on-demand which is not allowed in previous architectures. A power management module with an optimized power mode control scheme has also implemented to provide various supply voltages for the sensor nodes, and in addition this module can provide the sensor nodes a flexible power mode control for the purpose of energy saving. An ultra-low-power MCU which supports the proposed architecture has been integrated in the ASIC, which can perform the functions of media access, signal flow control and networking. The proposed architecture has been verified through FPGA experiments, and the ASIC has been designed and fabricated using a standard 0.18 um CMOS process. The designed ASIC occupies a die area of 2 mm times 2.5 mm. The digital core of this ASIC has 72.8 K equivalent gate counts excluding the memories. A typical WBSN sensor node can be built with this ASIC in together with a commercial RF transceiver, the sensor parts and some other components, and our ASIC can serve as the main control part for such a node.
Femtosecond laser interaction with energetic materials (2002)

Femtosecond laser ablation shows promise in machining energetic materials into desired shapes with minimal thermal and mechanical effects to the remaining material. We will discuss the physical effects associated with machining energetic materials and assemblies containing energetic materials, based on experimental results. Interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with matter will produce high temperature plasma at high-pressure which results in the ablation of material. In the case of energetic material, which includes high explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics, this ablation process must be accomplished without coupling energy into the energetic material. Experiments were conducted in order to characterize and better understand the phenomena of femtosecond laser pulse ablation on a variety of explosives and propellants. Experimental data will be presented for laser fluence thresholds, machining rates, cutting depths and surface quality of the cuts.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha–dependent induction of FoxP3 drives regulatory T-cell abundance and function during inflammatory hypoxia of the mucosa (2012)

Recent studies have demonstrated dramatic shifts in metabolic supply-and-demand ratios during inflammation, a process resulting in localized tissue hypoxia within inflammatory lesions ("inflammatory hypoxia"). As part of the adaptive immune response, T cells are recruited to sites of inflammatory hypoxia. Given the profound effects of hypoxia on gene regulation, we hypothesized that T-cell differentiation is controlled by hypoxia. To pursue this hypothesis, we analyzed the transcriptional consequences of ambient hypoxia (1% oxygen) on a broad panel of T-cell differentiation factors. Surprisingly, these studies revealed selective, robust induction of FoxP3, a key transcriptional regulator for regulatory T cells (Tregs). Studies of promoter binding or loss- and gain-of-function implicated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in inducing FoxP3. Similarly, hypoxia enhanced Treg abundance in vitro and in vivo. Finally, Treg-intrinsic HIF-1α was required for optimal Treg function and Hif1a-deficient Tregs failed to control T-cell-mediated colitis. These studies demonstrate that hypoxia is an intrinsic molecular cue that promotes FoxP3 expression, in turn eliciting potent anti-inflammatory mechanisms to limit tissue damage in conditions of reduced oxygen availability.
Optimizing Processing Rates for Flexible Manufacturing Systems (1991)

This paper introduces the generic concept of processing rates as decision variables in Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS's). The objective is to determine the minimum cost processing rates given the FMS throughput target, the work-in-process level, part routes, transporter delays, and the variable capacity cost function for each machine. A nonlinear Mean Value Analysis queueing network optimization methodology is developed to control bottlenecks and queue lengths as the processing rates are varied. This methodology further provides the average and marginal unit production costs along with necessary and sufficient feasibility conditions for the FMS throughput targets. Industrial sample data is then used to illustrate the solution of the optimal tool speed problem in a metal-cutting FMS. Considerable cost savings are demonstrated using the proposed methodology in contrast with the conventional one-machine optimization models. Several economic insights regarding the issues of capacity allocation for FMS's, and a generalization of the square root capacity allocation rule for closed networks of queues, are also presented.
Relation of Disease Pathogenesis and Risk Factors to Heart Failure With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction (2009)

Among community patients with new-onset heart failure, there are differences in causes and time-of-onset clinical characteristics between those with HFPEF versus HFREF. In people with HFREF, mortality is increased when coronary heart disease is the underlying cause. These findings suggest that heart failure with reduced left ventricular systolic function and heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function are partially distinct entities, with potentially different approaches to early detection and prevention.
Finasteride increases anagen hair in men with androgenetic alopecia (2000)

These data provide direct evidence that finasteride 1 mg daily promotes the conversion of hairs into the anagen phase. These data support that finasteride treatment results in favourable effects on hair quality that contribute to the visible improvements in hair growth observed in treated patients.
O uso do modelo poli-log-logístico em análise de sobrevivência e confiabilidade (2003)

SUMMARY: In survival analysis and reliability studies it is common we find data sets where several failure causes competing between themselves to cause the occurrence of the event of interest, such as the patient death or the failure of a certain component. However, in many experiments the cause of the patient death or the failure of the component can be unknow, leading to the latent competing risk problems. This kind of data can be modeled through the poly-log-logistic model, in particular, if the risk function is multimodal.
Short‐Term Safety and Antiretroviral Activity of T‐1249, a Second‐Generation Fusion Inhibitor of HIV (2004)

T-1249 is a 39-aa synthetic peptide that inhibits fusion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the host target cell. A 14-day open-label, phase 1/2 dose-escalation monotherapy study of the safety and antiretroviral activity of T-1249 was performed on 115 HIV-1-infected adults. At baseline, the majority of the patients had advanced HIV disease (baseline median CD4(+) cell count, 57 cells/microL) and had extensive pretreatment (i.e., pre-T-1249) experience with antiretroviral medications (median, 11 antiretroviral drugs). Patients received T-1249 monotherapy by subcutaneous injection, for 14 days, at doses ranging from 6.25 to 192 mg/day. T-1249 was generally well tolerated, and no dose-limiting toxicity was identified. Injection-site reactions were the most commonly reported adverse event (57%). Dose-dependent decreases in plasma HIV-1 RNA load were observed; the median maximum change from baseline across dose groups ranged from -0.29 log(10) copies/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.43 to -0.05 log(10) copies/mL) for the lowest dose to -1.96 log(10) copies/mL (95% CI, -2.02 to -1.37 copies/mL) for the highest dose. These results indicate that T-1249 is a potent new therapeutic agent for HIV-1 infection.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Vapour‐Deposited METGLAS 2826 MB Films. (1986)

Abstract Avapour‐deposited and annealed metallic glass (METGLAS 2826 MB) having the composition FewNi3gM04B g has been investigated by detailed electron microscopy and diffraction.
Translation inhibition reveals interaction of 2'-deoxy and 2'-O-methyl molecular beacons with mRNA targets in living cells (2009)

Understanding the interaction between oligonucleotide probes and RNA targets in living cells is important for biological and clinical studies of gene expression in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that starvation of cells and translation inhibition by blocking the mTOR or PI-3 kinase pathway could significantly reduce the fluorescence signal from 2'-deoxy molecular beacons (MBs) targeting K-ras and GAPDH mRNAs in living cells. However, the intensity and localization of fluorescence signal from MBs targeting nontranslated 28S rRNA remained the same in normal and translation-inhibited cells. We also found that, in targeting K-ras and GAPDH mRNAs, the signal level from MBs with 2'-O-methyl backbone did not change when translation was repressed. Taken together, our findings suggest that MBs with DNA backbone hybridize preferentially with mRNAs in their translational state in living cells, whereas those with 2'-O-methyl chemistry tend to hybridize to mRNA targets in both translational and nontranslational states. This work may thus provide a significant insight into probe design for detection of RNA molecules in living cells and RNA biology.
CaV2.3 calcium channels control second-phase insulin release (2005)

Concerted activation of different voltage-gated Ca( (2+) ) channel isoforms may determine the kinetics of insulin release from pancreatic islets. Here we have elucidated the role of R-type Ca(V)2.3 channels in that process. A 20% reduction in glucose-evoked insulin secretion was observed in Ca(V)2.3-knockout (Ca(V)2.3(-/-)) islets, close to the 17% inhibition by the R-type blocker SNX482 but much less than the 77% inhibition produced by the L-type Ca(2+) channel antagonist isradipine. Dynamic insulin-release measurements revealed that genetic or pharmacological Ca(V)2.3 ablation strongly suppressed second-phase secretion, whereas first-phase secretion was unaffected, a result also observed in vivo. Suppression of the second phase coincided with an 18% reduction in oscillatory Ca(2+) signaling and a 25% reduction in granule recruitment after completion of the initial exocytotic burst in single Ca(V)2.3(-/-) beta cells. Ca(V)2.3 ablation also impaired glucose-mediated suppression of glucagon secretion in isolated islets (27% versus 58% in WT), an effect associated with coexpression of insulin and glucagon in a fraction of the islet cells in the Ca(V)2.3(-/-) mouse. We propose a specific role for Ca(V)2.3 Ca(2+) channels in second-phase insulin release, that of mediating the Ca(2+) entry needed for replenishment of the releasable pool of granules as well as islet cell differentiation.
Poly-condensation of α-Amino Acid Esters. I. Poly-condensation of Glycine Esters<sup>1</sup> (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly-condensation of α-Amino Acid Esters. I. Poly-condensation of Glycine Esters1Max Frankel and Ephraim KatchalskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 10, 2264–2268Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01262a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01262a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views364Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acoustic Propagation in Surface Duets Using the Radiation Transport Equation (1979)

A new theoretical approach to modeling underwater acoustic propagation is described. Based on the radiation transport equation, this technique easily allows incorporation of scattering by rough surfaces and internal waves. It has been applied to the problem of surface duct propagation with special emphasis on modeling the scattering out of the duct by rough surfaces and random fluctuations resulting in below duct ensonification. Comparisons of theoretical results have been made with a set of experimental data reported by Pedersen and Gordon and also with certain SUDS-I runs.