gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization dependent fragmentation of ions produced by laser desorption from nanopost arrays (2011)

Tailored silicon nanopost arrays (NAPA) enable controlled and resonant ion production in laser desorption ionization experiments and have been termed nanophotonic ion sources (Walker et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2010, 114, 4835-4840). As the post dimensions are comparable to or smaller than the laser wavelength, near-field effects and localized electromagnetic fields are present in their vicinity. In this contribution, we explore the desorption and ionization mechanism by studying how surface derivatization affects ion yields and fragmentation. We demonstrate that by increasing the laser fluence on derivatized NAPA with less polar surfaces that have decreased interaction energy between the structured silicon substrate and the adsorbate, the spectrum changes from exhibiting primarily molecular ions to showing a growing variety and abundance of fragments. The polarization angle of the laser beam had been shown to dramatically affect the ion yields of adsorbates. For the first time, we report that by rotating the plane of polarization of the desorption laser, the internal energy of the adsorbate can also be modulated resulting in polarization dependent fragmentation. This polarization effect also resulted in selective fragmentation of vitamin B(12). To explore the internal energy of NAPA generated ions, the effect of the post aspect ratios on the laser desorption thresholds and on the internal energy of a preformed ion was studied. Elevated surface temperatures and enhanced near fields in the vicinity of high aspect ratio posts are thought to contribute to desorption and ionization from NAPA. Comparison of the fluence dependence of the internal energies of ions produced from nanoporous silicon and NAPA substrates indicates that surface restructuring or transient melting by the desorption laser is a prerequisite for the former but not for the latter.
Combined Inhibition of mTOR and CDK4/6 Is Required for Optimal Blockade of E2F Function and Long-term Growth Inhibition in Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer (2018)

The cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)-retinoblastoma (RB)-E2F pathway plays a critical role in the control of cell cycle in estrogen receptor-positive (ER<sup>+</sup>) breast cancer. Small-molecule inhibitors of CDK4/6 have shown promise in this tumor type in combination with hormonal therapies, reflecting the particular dependence of this subtype of cancer on cyclin D1 and E2F transcription factors. mTOR inhibitors have also shown potential in clinical trials in this disease setting. Recent data have suggested cooperation between the PI3K/mTOR pathway and CDK4/6 inhibition in preventing early adaptation and eliciting growth arrest, but the mechanisms of the interplay between these pathways have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that profound and durable inhibition of ER<sup>+</sup> breast cancer growth is likely to require multiple hits on E2F-mediated transcription. We demonstrate that inhibition of mTORC1/2 does not affect ER function directly, but does cause a decrease in cyclin D1 protein, RB phosphorylation, and E2F-mediated transcription. Combination of an mTORC1/2 inhibitor with a CDK4/6 inhibitor results in more profound effects on E2F-dependent transcription, which translates into more durable growth arrest and a delay in the onset of resistance. Combined inhibition of mTORC1/2, CDK4/6, and ER delivers even more profound and durable regressions in breast cancer cell lines and xenografts. Furthermore, we show that CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant cell lines reactivate the CDK-RB-E2F pathway, but remain sensitive to mTORC1/2 inhibition, suggesting that mTORC1/2 inhibitors may represent an option for patients that have relapsed on CDK4/6 therapy. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 908-20. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Discussion on Control Method of Pesticide Pollution in Rural Areas in New Era (2009)

The pesticide pollution control method in rural areas in new era was discussed based on pesticide development,harm and pollution features in the light of environmental protection.
Synthesis of pelargonoyl-cyclic decapeptide analog of the antibiotic polymyxin B.1. (1980)

The synthesis of pelargonoyl-cyclic decapeptide, analog of polymycin B1, is described. The open-chain protected decapeptide was synthesized on a polymer support, starting with threonine as the C-terminal amino acid residue, and was cleaved satisfactorily by hydrazinolysis. The alpha-amino protecting Boc-group was removed with HCl (1 mol/l) acetic acid and the resulting decapeptide hydrazide was converted to the azide with nitrous acid. Cyclization of the azide in pyridine at peptide concentration 2.5.10(-5) mol/l gave the penta-benzyloxycarbonyl-substituted decapeptide in 65% yield. Catalytic hydrogenation afforded the pelargonoyl cyclic decapeptide pentahydrochloride (6) in 75% yield. The synthetic product (6) exhibited an activity comparable to that of the natural polymyxin B1 against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas it showed only 2% of the activity to Escherichia coli2.
Energy Flexometer: Transactive Energy-Based Internet of Things Technology (2018)

Effective Energy Management with an active Demand Response (DR) is crucial for future smart energy system. Increasing number of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), local microgrids and prosumers have an essential and real influence on present power distribution system and generate new challenges in power, energy and demand management. A relatively new paradigm in this field is transactive energy (TE), with its value and market-based economic and technical mechanisms to control energy flows. Due to a distributed structure of present and future power system, the Internet of Things (IoT) environment is needed to fully explore flexibility potential from the end-users and prosumers, to offer a bid to involved actors of the smart energy system. In this paper, new approach to connect the market-driven (bottom-up) DR program with current demand-driven (top-down) energy management system (EMS) is presented. Authors consider multi-agent system (MAS) to realize the approach and introduce a concept and standardize the design of new Energy Flexometer. It is proposed as a fundamental agent in the method. Three different functional blocks have been designed and presented as an IoT platform logical interface according to the LonWorks technology. An evaluation study has been performed as well. Results presented in the paper prove the proposed concept and design.
Left ventricular performance in chronic renal failure before and after hemodialysis assessed by systolic time intervals. (1981)

The purpose of the present study was to examine noninvasively the myocardial performance before and after hemodialysis in 40 patients of chronic renal failure. Using systolic time intervals, the following results were obtained. 1) Left ventricular ejection time was shortened significantly. The reduction of circulating blood volume estimated by the body weight change seemed to be responsible for this finding. 2) Pre-ejection period seemed to be a sensitive indicator of the left ventricular performance in hemodialysis. 3) The less the circulating blood volume, the less the suppression of cardiac performance. 4) Left ventricular function in patients without cardiomegaly was improved. 5) Left ventricular function tended to improve in the young age group. The present study demonstrated that the left ventricular performance tended to be suppressed in older age patients, in patients with cardiomegaly and in the cases with excessive removal of circulating blood volume during dialysis. The significance of noninvasively obtained left ventricular hemodynamic parameters in patients with hemodialysis was discussed.
Die HeartSmart-Methode (2012)

Mit den 10 Heart Smart-Kompetenzen beginnt Ihr herzintelligentes, authentisches Change-Management. Als wichtiges Hilfsmittel sollten Sie sich ein passendes Notizjournal besorgen, in welchem Sie Ihre persönlichen Gedanken und Erkenntnisse festhalten können. Arbeiten Sie dafür nicht mit losen Zetteln oder mit dem Einkaufsschreibblock aus der Küche und brauchen Sie auch nicht die letzten Seiten eines bereits angefangenen alten Tagebuches auf. Es geht um Veränderung und um einen Neustart. Respektieren Sie dies bereits bei der Auswahl Ihrer Utensilien.
Die neue Strahlenschutzverordnung aus der Sicht der Medizinisch-technischen Radiologieassistentin/des Medizinisch-technischen Radiologieassistenten (2002)

Die neue Strahlenschutzverordnung berücksichtigt zum ersten Mal ausdrücklich die Rolle des medizinisch-technischen Personals bei der „technischen Mitwirkung bei der Anwendung radioaktiver Stoffe oder ionisierender Strahlung am Menschen in der Heilkunde oder der Zahnheilkunde”. Dadurch ergeben sich für die MTRA neue Anforderungen in Bezug auf Ausbildungsvoraussetzungen, berufliche Fortbildung und auch auf die Abläufe in der täglichen Routine. Der Personenkreis, der zur technischen Mitwirkung berechtigt ist, wurde genau definiert, ebenso wie dessen Fachkunde, mit der nun sichergestellt werden soll, dass keine Personen ohne Kenntnisse im Strahlenschutz die Tätigkeiten der MTRA ausführen.Die neu festgelegte Obergrenze der effektiven Dosis für beruflich strahlenexponiertes Personal wird für das technische Personal keine merkbaren Auswirkungen mit sich bringen, dafür aber die Neuerungen bezüglich der Beschäftigung von Schwangeren und stillenden Frauen.
Structures of Novel Antimicrobial Agents for Textiles - A Review (2010)

In this article we review some of the contemporary antimicrobial agents used in textiles, including quaternary ammonium compounds, N-halamines, chitosan, polybiguanides, triclosan, nanoparticles of noble metals and metal oxides, and bioactive plant-based products. According to their mechanism of antimicrobial activity, toxicity, durability and ecological acceptability, these agents can be divided into biocides and biostats, leaching and bound antimicrobials, controlled-release and barrier-forming agents, and agents of poor and good washing resistance. In view of the need for ecologically friendly antimicrobial finishing, much research has focused on the synthesis of antimicrobial agents where the leaching antimicrobials have been replaced with the bound antimicrobials. The latter have mostly been prepared using polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts with acrylate groups, alkyltrialkoxysilanes with incorporated quaternary ammonium groups, reactive cationic dyes, appropriate crosslinking agents, complexes with cyclodextrines, and encapsulated nanoparticle agents embedded into polymer matrices of various compositions.
Haemopoietic growth factor interactions: in vitro and in vivo preclinical evaluation. (1990)

Proliferation and differentiation within the haemopoietic system is closely regulated by a family of haemopoietic growth factors. To date, nine interleukins (IL), three colony stimulating factors (CSF) and erythropoietin (Epo) have been implicated in control of haemopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. These cytokines form a family of glycoproteins with pleiotropic effects at different levels. Certain factors (IL-1, IL-6, IL-3) are active at the level of the pluripotential stem cell, whereas others (eg macrophage-CSF, granulocyte-CSF, Epo) facilitate differentiation of lineage restricted cell populations. The cytokines are inducible products of a variety of cell types of which T lymphocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts are of particular importance. High affinity receptors for all of these factors have been identified, characterized and, in a number of cases, the genes for the receptors have been cloned. Regulation of haemopoiesis involves (a) transcriptional and translational control of cytokine gene expression; (b) post-translational modification of cytokines; (3) receptor downregulation, upregulation, and trans-down modulation; and (d) redistribution of stem cells and progenitor cells to different microenvironments. In vivo administration of these factors in normal animals and in situations of myelosuppression following chemotherapy or irradiation has revealed their efficacy in stimulating various pathways of haemopoiesis. An understanding of the mechanism of action of these factors is providing a rationale for future clinical applications in appropriate combinations.
Effect of Grapefruit Juice on the Pharmacokinetics of Nilotinib in Healthy Participants (2009)

Nilotinib (Tasigna; Novartis Pharmaceuticals) is a second-generation BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor newly approved for the treatment of imatinib-resistant or imatinib-intolerant Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase or accelerated phase. This study evaluated the effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of nilotinib in 21 healthy male participants. All participants underwent 2 study periods during which they received a single oral dose of 400 mg nilotinib with 240 mL double-strength grapefruit juice or 240 mL water in a crossover fashion. Serial blood samples were collected for the determination of serum nilotinib concentrations by a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay. Concurrent intake of grapefruit juice increased the nilotinib peak concentration (C(max)) by 60% and the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC(0-infinity)) by 29% but did not affect the time to reach C(max) or the elimination half-life of nilotinib. The most common adverse events were headache and vomiting, which were mild or moderate in severity, and their frequency appeared to be similar between 2 treatments. Based on the currently available information about nilotinib and the observed extent of increase in nilotinib exposure, concurrent administration of nilotinib with grapefruit juice is not recommended.
Numerical simulation of the compressor coil of the plasma dynamic accelerator (1997)

The plasma dynamic accelerator accelerates a plasma to very high velocities in a coaxial accelerator and then compresses it in a compressor coil, achieving high densities. The axial component of the current distribution, extending from the tip of the coaxial accelerator's center electrode to the coil turns, causes compressing forces, the radial component yields accelerating forces. The rapid change of the coil current induces azimuthal eddy currents in the plasma that interact with the coil's magnetic field, again yielding Lorentz forces. Aerodynamic compression may also be an important effect. A new two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics code is used to investigate which of these effects are really important for the compression. The code allows us to simulate all effects mentioned separately and in combination. In a first step only aerodynamic compression is considered. Then each electromagnetic effect is imposed on the system. Finally, a complete simulation of the compressor coil is performed. The analysis of the results provides new in-sights in the way the coil operates. This paper presents important aspects of the mathematical model and of the numerical implementation and reports results.
The disease progression in the keratin 14 IL-4-transgenic mouse model of atopic dermatitis parallels the up-regulation of B cell activation molecules, proliferation and surface and serum IgE (2005)

We have previously characterized the keratin 14 interleukin-4-transgenic (IL-4-Tg) mouse model of atopic dermatitis as a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease typified by skin infiltration of inflammatory cells and early up-regulation of Th2 cytokines and late surge of Th1 cytokines. In the present study, we examined the involvement of B cells. Systematic examinations of the following immunological parameters on B cells were carried out in non-Tg control mice and in IL-4-Tg mice at before disease onset and early and late disease stages so that we could determine the immunological sequence of events leading to the disease development: surface expressions of IA/IE, activation and costimulatory molecules, proliferation under LPS or IgM stimulation, quantification of cell surface and serum IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a. Our results showed that as the disease progresses from before onset to early disease and to late disease, there is a parallel increase in surface markers of B cell activation (IA/IE, CD44, CD69, CD80 and CD86), in B cell proliferation, and in cell surface and serum IgE. Significant increases of Th2-driven serum IgG1 and IgE in early disease was followed by significant increase of Th1-driven IgG2a in late disease. Importantly the significant increases of activation molecule (IA/IE), proliferation (to LPS), and surface IgE on B cells of the IL-4-Tg mice precedes the up-regulation of serum IgE and disease onset. These data suggest that activated B cells may play a role in atopic dermatitis disease development by up-regulating serum IgE concentration, which serves as a marker of disease onset.
[Changes in expression of gelatinase in young rat condylar cartilage during functional mandibular advancement]. (2007)

Gelatinase plays an important role in the adaptive remondling of young rat condylar cartilage during functional mandibular advancement.
Temperature dependence and quenching processes of the intra-4<i>f</i>luminescence of Er in crystalline Si (1994)

The luminescence quenching of Er in crystalline Si at temperatures between 77 and 300 K is investigated. Samples were prepared by solid-phase epitaxy of Er-implanted amorphous Si layers with or without O codoping. After epitaxial regrowth at 620 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, thermal annealing at 900 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for 30 sec was performed in order to eliminate residual defects in the regrown layer and electrically and optically activate the Er ions. Measurements of photoluminescence intensity and time decay were performed as a function of temperature and pump power. By increasing the temperature from 77 K to room temperature the luminescence intensity decreases by \ensuremath{\sim} three orders of magnitude in the Er-doped sample without O codoping, but only by a factor of 30 in the O-doped sample. In this sample room-temperature photo-luminescence and electroluminescence have been observed. Time-decay curves show a fast initial decay (\ensuremath{\sim}100 \ensuremath{\mu}sec) followed by a slow decay (\ensuremath{\sim}1 msec), with the relative intensity of these two components depending on temperature, pump power, and O codoping. The decay curves can be fitted by a sum of two exponential functions revealing the existence, in both samples, of two different classes of optically active Er sites. The concentration of excitable sites belonging to the slow-decaying class is similar for the samples with or without O codoping and rapidly decreases when temperature is increased. At temperatures above 150 K the Er luminescence is dominated by the fast-decaying centers the concentration of which is greatly increased by the presence of O. It is found that in the absence of oxygen room-temperature luminescence is hampered by the limited amount of excitable Er ions. In contrast, in O-doped samples the nonradiative decay of excited Er is the main quenching mechanism. The main factors determining the temperature quenching of Er luminescence and the crucial role of oxygen are discussed.
<b> Assessment of <i>Phaeotheca dimorphospora</i> for biological control of the Dutch elm disease pathogens, <i>Ophiostoma ulmi</i> and <i>O. novo‐ulmi</i> </b> (1996)

The antagonistic fungus Phaeotheca dimorphospora was tested as a biocontrol agent against the Dutch elm disease pathogens, Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo‐ulmi , on Ulmus americana seedlings in the glasshouse. Curative inoculation of seedlings with P. dimorphospora had no significant effect on disease development. Conditioning inoculation of seedlings with the antagonist protected them against O. ulmi but not against the more aggressive O. novo‐ulmi . In seedlings challenged with both the antagonist and either one of the pathogens, P. dimorphospora only spread locally around the inoculation point; however, the pathogens spread systemically throughout the whole plant. O. novo‐ulmi survived in the region colonized by P. dimorphospora , whereas O. ulmi did not.
Parathyroid hormone depresses cytosolic pH and DNA synthesis in osteoblast-like cells (1988)

It has recently become apparent that a number of hormones and growth factors modulate cytosolic pH (pHi), and there is some evidence that this in turn may influence cell growth. We have examined the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on both these parameters in an osteoblast-like cell line, UMR 106. Preliminary studies, using the pH-sensitive fluorescent probe 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein indicated that these cells regulate pHi by means of an amiloride-inhibitable Na+-H+ exchanger. Rat PTH-(1-34) (rPTH) caused a progressive dose-related decrease in pHi with a half-maximal effect at 10(-11) M. At 1 h, the maximal depression of pHi was 0.1 +/- 0.01 U. This effect was reproduced by forskolin, but neither agent influenced pHi in the presence of amiloride. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine was reduced by rPTH (half-maximal dose approximately 10(-11) M), forskolin, and N6,2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. The diacylglycerol analogue, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, increased both pHi and [3H]thymidine incorporation, and amiloride reduced both indexes. However, rPTH remained a potent inhibitor of [3H]thymidine incorporation in the presence of amiloride, even though it did not affect pHi in these circumstances. It is concluded that PTH decreases pHi and growth in UMR 106 cells but that these changes can be dissociated. Depression of pHi may have other important effects on bone metabolism, such as reducing cell-cell communication, and may be associated with alkalinization of the bone fluid compartment.
Performance enhancement of ITO/oxide/semiconductor MOS-structure silicon solar cells with voltage biasing (2014)

In this study, we demonstrate the photovoltaic performance enhancement of a p-n junction silicon solar cell using a transparent-antireflective ITO/oxide film deposited on the spacing of the front-side finger electrodes and with a DC voltage applied on the ITO-electrode. The depletion width of the p-n junction under the ITO-electrode was induced and extended while the absorbed volume and built-in electric field were also increased when the biasing voltage was increased. The photocurrent and conversion efficiency were increased because more photo-carriers are generated in a larger absorbed volume and because the carriers transported and collected more effectively due to higher biasing voltage effects. Compared to a reference solar cell (which was biased at 0 V), a conversion efficiency enhancement of 26.57% (from 12.42% to 15.72%) and short-circuit current density enhancement of 42.43% (from 29.51 to 42.03 mA/cm(2)) were obtained as the proposed MOS-structure solar cell biased at 2.5 V. In addition, the capacitance-volt (C-V) measurement was also used to examine the mechanism of photovoltaic performance enhancement due to the depletion width being enlarged by applying a DC voltage on an ITO-electrode.
Improvements in broadband feed‐forward amplifiers (1996)

Some changes in the traditional feed-forward amplifier topology are introduced, resulting in an improved broadband operation with more than 25 dB canceling of intermodulation product levels. An outline of the main design streps is presented, together with the measurements made on a prototype. ©1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.