gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications Reviews (1986)

“Applications Reviews” is a guide to accomplished or partial MS/OR applications, cited in articles appearing in many of the major journals of the field. We cover only applications—except for the occasional brief mention of a survey article or special issue—and so do not claim to cover all the best articles in MS/OR. The abstracts are purposely kept short to emphasize breadth of coverage over depth; we try to tell you what modeling approach has been applied to what problem, and if possible the size and character of the improvements achieved as a result.
K99 surface antigen of Escherichia coli: purification and partial characterization (1977)

K99, a presumed colonizing factor of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli of calf origin, has been purified. K99 was removed from K99+ bacteria by salt extraction and subsequently purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex. The purified material was homogenous in size, having an s20,w of 13 to 15 S. It was composed of two subunits: a major component with a molecular weight of 22,500 and a minor component of 29,500. When observed in the electron microscope, K99 appeared to be rod-shaped, with a strong tendency for self-aggregation. At concentrations where aggregation was minimized, individual rods were observed with diameters of 8.4 nm and mean lengths of 130 nm. Based on the subunit structure, exterior location, and rod-like shape of K99, it is concluded that K99 is a pilus or pilus-like structure. Chemically, K99 is composed primarily of protein and has an isoelectric point of greater than 10. Purified K99 did not hemagglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes.
The activation of plasminogen by Hageman factor (Factor XII) and Hageman factor fragments. (1978)

A B S T R A C T Activation of plasminogen through surface-mediated reactions is well recognized. In the presence of kaolin, purified Hageman factor (Factor XII) changed plasminogen to plasmin, as assayed upon a synthetic amide substrate and by fibrinolysis. Kinetic studies suggested an enzymatic action of Hageman fac- tor upon its substrate, plasminogen. Hageman factor fragments, at a protein concentration equivalent to whole Hageman factor, activated plasminogen to a lesser extent. These protein preparations were not contaminated with other agents implicated in surface- mediated fibrinolysis. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate treatment of plasminogen did not inhibit its activation by Hageman factor. These studies indicate that Hage- man factor has a hitherto unsuspected function, the direct activation of plasminogen.
Blood levels of a pteridine-binding alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in cancer patients. (1982)

A variant of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was found previously in blood of malignant cases. It had been characterized as a pteridine-binding alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (P-AGPM). P-AGPM as well as the corresponding fraction of control origin were selectively enriched in the supernatant (Fraction b), obtained after digitonin extraction and subsequent alcohol and trichloroacetic acid fractionation of whole blood. In Fraction b, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein from control subjects + P-AGPM comprised 90 to 95% of total protein; it was quantitated by colorimetric determination of the protein-bound tyrosine and calibrated with the isolated compound. During a screening of malignant and nonmalignant cases, P-AGPM proved to be an acute-phase reactant to some extent. Marked increases during extended cancer and especially during leukemias corroborated the view that P-AGPM may be identical with abnormal orosomucoid. Longitudinal sections during leukemias suggested that the biopterin of leukemic cells may be metabolically related to the pteridine moiety of P-AGPM. Biopterin determinations by means of Crithidia assay in the blood of 136 cases of solid tumors showed that, due to its high rate of renal clearance, blood biopterin is not a reliable and persistent marker for proliferative activity, unless it is contained in the immature blood cells themselves, as is the case during leukemias.
Estimating the parameters of a sinusoid sampled by a clock with accumulated jitter (2002)

This paper provides a state-space based approach to determining the parameters of a sinusoid that is sampled by a clock with accumulated timing-jitter. The problem is formulated as a standard state estimation problem and two solutions are provided: one that does not depend on the statistics of the timing-jitter; the other is based on the second-order statistics of the timing-jitter. Explicit error bounds are provided for the absolute value, mean absolute valve and mean squared value of the error estimated parameters are provided.
Application of robustness theory in the analysis of subsynchronous oscillation [of power systems] (2002)

In this paper, the applicability of the recently developed frequency-domain, matrix-norm robustness theory for the analysis of subsynchronous oscillations in a power system is explored. Based upon structure preserving multivariable feedback model, a set of new robustness theorems are developed. These theorems can be used to analyse the effects of parameter perturbations on the stability of subsynchronous oscillations in a power system and can provide useful measures for evaluating the tolerance of the system to modeling errors. An example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of these theorems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SemEval-2016 Task 3: Community Question Answering (2016)

Preslav Nakov, Lluís Màrquez, Alessandro Moschitti, Walid Magdy, Hamdy Mubarak, Abed Alhakim Freihat, Jim Glass, Bilal Randeree. Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016). 2016.
GPU-based ultrafast IMRT plan optimization (2009)

The widespread adoption of on-board volumetric imaging in cancer radiotherapy has stimulated research efforts to develop online adaptive radiotherapy techniques to handle the inter-fraction variation of the patient's geometry. Such efforts face major technical challenges to perform treatment planning in real time. To overcome this challenge, we are developing a supercomputing online re-planning environment (SCORE) at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). As part of the SCORE project, this paper presents our work on the implementation of an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) optimization algorithm on graphics processing units (GPUs). We adopt a penalty-based quadratic optimization model, which is solved by using a gradient projection method with Armijo's line search rule. Our optimization algorithm has been implemented in CUDA for parallel GPU computing as well as in C for serial CPU computing for comparison purpose. A prostate IMRT case with various beamlet and voxel sizes was used to evaluate our implementation. On an NVIDIA Tesla C1060 GPU card, we have achieved speedup factors of 20-40 without losing accuracy, compared to the results from an Intel Xeon 2.27 GHz CPU. For a specific nine-field prostate IMRT case with 5 x 5 mm(2) beamlet size and 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 mm(3) voxel size, our GPU implementation takes only 2.8 s to generate an optimal IMRT plan. Our work has therefore solved a major problem in developing online re-planning technologies for adaptive radiotherapy.
Thin film thickness profile measurement using an interferometric surface profiler (2007)

The technique of surface profile measurement using white-light interferometry is widely used in industry. However, its application to transparent thin films has been limited to date because the reflection signals from the front and back surfaces are mixed and must be separated in order to obtain correct measurements. This paper introduces four of our recent developments in this application field: 1) profiling of a thick transparent film, 2) profiling of a thin transparent film, 3) thickness profiling of a freestanding film, and 4) simultaneous measurement of the thickness and refractive index of a freestanding film.
Genetics instability of wtAAV2 genome and AAV promoter activities in the Baculovirus/Sf9 cells system (2018)

The human Adeno-Associated Virus serotype 2 (wtAAV2) is a common non-pathological virus and its recombinant form (rAAV) is widely used as gene therapy vector. Although rAAVs are routinely produced in the Baculovirus/Sf9 cell system, wtAAV2 has never been studied in this context. We tried to produce wtAAV2 in the baculovirus/Sf9 cell system hypothesizing that the wtAAV2 may be considered as a normal recombinant AAV transgene. Through our attempts to produce wtAAV2 in Baculovirus/Sf9, we found that wtAAV2 p5 promoter, which controls the expression of large Rep proteins in mammalian cells, was active in this system. p5 promoter activity in the baculovirus/Sf9 cell system leads to the expression of Rep78 that finally excises wtAAV2 genome from the baculovirus genome during the earliest phases of baculovirus stock production. Via p5 promoter expression kinetics and strand specific RNA-Seq analysis of wtAAV2, rAAV and Rep2/Cap2 cassettes in the baculovirus context we could demonstrate that wtAAV2 native promoters, p5, p19 and p40 are all active in the context of the baculovirus system and lead to the expression of different proteins and peptides. In addition, this study has proven that the baculovirus brings at least some of the helper functions needed in the AAV replication/life cycle.
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV by fluoroolefin-containing<i>N</i>-peptidyl-<i>O</i>-hydroxylamine peptidomimetics (1998)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position. Here we report that known (Z)-Ala-psi[CF=C]-Pro dipeptide isosteres 1 and 2, which contain O-acylhydroxylamines, were isolated as diastereomeric pairs u-1, l-1, and l-2. The effect of each diastereomeric pair as an inhibitor of human placental dipeptidyl peptidase DPP IV has been examined. The inhibition of DPP IV by these compounds is rapid and efficient. The diastereomeric pair u-1 exhibits very potent inhibitory activity with a Ki of 188 nM. Fluoroolefin containing N-peptidyl-O-hydroxylamine peptidomimetics, by virtue of their inhibitory potency and stability, are superior to N-peptidyl-O-hydroxylamine inhibitors derived from an Ala-Pro dipeptide.
Early Detection of Malicious Flux Networks via Large-Scale Passive DNS Traffic Analysis (2012)

In this paper, we present FluxBuster, a novel passive DNS traffic analysis system for detecting and tracking malicious flux networks. FluxBuster applies large-scale monitoring of DNS traffic traces generated by recursive DNS (RDNS) servers located in hundreds of different networks scattered across several different geographical locations. Unlike most previous work, our detection approach is not limited to the analysis of suspicious domain names extracted from spam emails or precompiled domain blacklists. Instead, FluxBuster is able to detect malicious flux service networks in-the-wild, i.e., as they are "accessed” by users who fall victim of malicious content, independently of how this malicious content was advertised. We performed a long-term evaluation of our system spanning a period of about five months. The experimental results show that FluxBuster is able to accurately detect malicious flux networks with a low false positive rate. Furthermore, we show that in many cases FluxBuster is able to detect malicious flux domains several days or even weeks before they appear in public domain blacklists.
Routes to Histamine H<sub>2</sub>‐Agonists (1992)

Abstract In this paper the design, synthesis and primary biological testing of several new H 2 ‐agonists are presented. The existing agonists dimaprit and impromidine have been used as starting points. Dimaprit seems to be the only member of its class which is an H 2 ‐agonist; close analogues of dimaprit proved to be inactive as H 2 ‐agonists. In impromidine the moieties constituting the molecule are considered to play different roles: the unsubstituted imidazole is required for receptor activation, whereas the guanidino and the methyl‐substituted imidazole are needed for additional receptor binding. Based on this concept several new and potent impromidine‐like H 2 ‐agonists were obtained. Using the fastidious nature of dimaprit for H 2 ‐agonism, computational approaches lead to the design of 2‐aminothiazoles as H 2 ‐agonists. Several new H 2 ‐agonists, also of the impromidine‐type, were obtained. This class of compounds provides not only potent, but also selective (negligible effects on H 1 ‐ and H 3 ‐receptors) H 2 ‐agonists.
Dynamics of Shock Dispersion and Interactions in Supersonic Freestreams with Counterflowing Jets (2009)

An active flow control concept using counterflowing jets to significantly modify the external flowfields and strongly weaken or disperse the shock-waves of supersonic and hypersonic vehicles to reduce the aerothermal loads and wave drag was investigated. Experiments were conducted in a trisonic blow-down wind-tunnel, complemented by pre-test computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a 2.6% scale model of Apollo capsule, with and without counterflowing jets, in Mach 3.48 and 4.0 freestreams, to assess the potential aerothermal and aerodynamic benefits of this concept. The model was instrumented with heat flux gauges, thermocouples and pressure taps, and employed five counterflowing jet nozzles (three sonic and other two supersonic with design Mach numbers of 2.44 and 2.94) and nozzle exit diameters ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 inch. Schlieren data show that at low jet flow rates of 0.05 and 0.1lb(sub m)/sec, the interactions result in a long penetration mode (LPM) jet, while the short penetration mode (SPM) jet is observed at flow rates greater than 0.1 lb(sub m)/sec., consistent with the pre-test CFD predictions. For the LPM, the jet appears to be nearly fully-expanded, resulting in a very unsteady and oscillatory flow structure in which the bow shock becomes highly dispersed such that it is no longer discernable. Higher speed camera Schlieren data reveal the shock to be dispersed into striations of compression waves, which suddenly coalesce to a weaker bow shock with a larger standoff distance as the flow rate reached a critical value. The pronounced shock dispersion could significantly impact the aerodynamic performance (L/D) and heat flux reduction of spacecraft in atmospheric entry and re-entry, and could also attenuate the entropy layer in hypersonic blunt body flows. For heat transfer, the results show significant reduction in heat flux, even giving negative heat flux for some of the SPM interactions, indicating that the flow wetting the model is cooling, instead of heating the model, which could significantly impact the requirements and design of thermal protection system. These findings strongly suggest that the application of counterflowing jets as active flow control could have strong impact on supersonic and hypersonic vehicle design and performance.
IMPROVING JAVA SOFTWARE THROUGH PACKAGE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS (2002)

Packages are an important mechanism to decompose Java programs. However, because packages are defined implicitly, it is not easy to develop a large application with a proper package structure. This article presents a tool that assists the programmer in developing a proper package structure through analysis and visualization. The tool indicates weak areas in package structures and allows human assisted refactoring of the source code based on the analysis. The article also introduces a new metric that is an indicator for the quality of the package architecture.
Absence of Complete Finite-Larmor-Radius Stabilization in Extended MHD (2008)

The dominant finite-Larmour-radius (FLR) stabilization effects on interchange instability can be retained by taking into account the ion gyroviscosity or the generalized Ohm's law in an extended MHD model. However, recent simulations and theoretical calculations indicate that complete FLR stabilization of the interchange mode may not be attainable by ion gyroviscosity or the two-fluid effect alone in the framework of extended MHD. For a class of plasma equilibria in certain finite-beta or nonisentropic regimes, the critical wave number for complete FLR stabilization tends toward infinity.
Gelation Performance and Feasibility Study of an Environmental Friendly Improved Inorganic Aluminum Gel for Conformance Control Under Harsh Reservoir Conditions (2016)

Despite its successful application in controlling excessive water production in many mature oilfields, polymer gel is facing some application limitations under harsh reservoir conditions. To settle these problems, an environmental friendly improved inorganic aluminum gel that composed of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as main agent, urea as activator, and sodium sulfate as syneresis inhibitor was developed. The effects of mass ratios of PAC and urea, component concentrations and temperature on gelation performance were studied. The gel compatibility with various formation brines, long-term thermal stability, and permeability reduction ability were evaluated to account for the feasibility of gel application. Results showed that as the mass ratio of PAC and urea increased, the gelation time increased and the degree of syneresis decreased. The gelation time and the degree of syneresis decreased with the increase of sodium sulfate concentration, which indicated that sodium sulfate could play a role in accelerating gelation and inhibiting gel syneresis. The gelation time decreased with increasing temperature. The gel could tolerate sodium chloride concentration up to 150 g·L−1 and calcium chloride concentration up to 25 g·L−1. After aging for 120 days at 130 °C, no syneresis was observed in gel samples, which indicated that the gel had good, long-term thermal stability. The gel had good permeability reduction ability and was effective in plugging high permeability zone. Thus, these results indicated that the improved inorganic gel could be a potential candidate for conformance control under harsh reservoir conditions.
Effects of the Electrolyte Identity and the Presence of Anions on the Redox Behavior of Irreversibly Adsorbed Bismuth on Pt(111) (1998)

The voltammetric profile in sulfuric acid electrolytes of high coverage bismuth monolayers on Pt(111) having a fractional coverage (θ) of 0.39 exhibits two pairs of peaks located positive and negative, respectively, of the redox peak associated with the 0.33 coverage Bi/Pt(111) adlayer. The ΔEfwhm (full width at half-maximum) values for these peaks are 10 and 20 mV, respectively, suggesting that the redox events involve significant near-neighbor interactions and may correspond to phase transitions within the bismuth adlayer. The formal potentials of these redox peaks shift by 65 mV per pH unit, suggesting that two protons are involved in the two-electron redox reaction of the bismuth adatoms. This provides evidence that the two pairs of redox peaks could correspond to the abrupt formation of [Bi(OH)2]ad and [BiO]ad from Biad. Upon continuous potential scanning in sulfuric acid electrolyte, these peaks decay while two new peaks grow in, with an isopotential point forming between the two anodic peaks. The new, latter peak corresponds to that found for the 0.33 coverage Bi/Pt(111) adlayer. The peaks that grow in upon potential scanning could arise from the interconversion of the hydroxide and oxide network to a stable, long-range hydrogen-bonded (bi)sulfate network upon bismuth oxidation. The peak associated with the 0.33 coverage Bi/Pt(111) adlayer could then be ascribed to the abrupt formation of this (bi)sulfate network upon bismuth oxidation. In perchloric acid electrolytes the two pairs of high coverage bismuth redox peaks are also present, but one increases monotonically while the other decreases upon potential scanning, without the appearance of any new peaks. The high coverage peaks are thus associated with the formation of a long-range hydroxide and oxide network upon bismuth oxidation. The presence of halide anions (Cl-, Br-, I-) dramatically affects the voltammetric profile of Bi/Pt(111). Initially, chloride appears to form a complex with the bismuth adlayer. Upon potential scanning, the redox peak ascribed to the chloride complex decays while that associated with the stable bismuth adlayer reemerges. Bromide and iodide anions both cause the complete desorption of the bismuth adlayer, suggesting that they have significantly stronger bonding interactions to Pt(111) than does bismuth.
Multiclass Myoelectric Identification of Five Fingers Motion using Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine (2017)

The research in Neuro-Prosthetics is gaining more significance and popularity as the advancement in prosthetics control allows amputees to perform even more tasks. Indeed, the improvement of classification accuracy is a challenge in prosthetics control. In this research, a system is developed in order to improve the multiclass classification rate. Two classifiers namely Artificial Neural Network(ANN) and Support Vector Machine(SVM) are trained to recognize five different myoelectric motions of hand fingers. The Electromyography(EMG) signals are acquired using surface electrodes placed on the forearm at specific nodes. The signal conditioning is performed using two stage filtering and amplification followed by digitization process. The final version of EMG signals is correlated in joint time and frequency domain for best feature vectors done via Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The feature vectors are used to train the ANN and SVM. The classification results show an exceptional performance of ANN with classification accuracy of 98.7%. over the SVM, which is 96.7%.
Fuzzy logic based dynamic handover scheme for indoor Li-Fi and RF hybrid network (2016)

Light Fidelity (LiFi) is a recently proposed technology that combines illumination and high speed wireless communication using light emitting diodes (LEDs). Since the used electromagnetic spectrum does not overlap with the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, a small cell LiFi attocell network can be added to the conventional RF network as an additional networking layer in order to mitigate the data traffic bottlenecks in high density environments. In such a hybrid LiFi/RF network where the LiFi attocell covers a few square meters, user movement may prompt frequent handovers, and the handover overhead would degrade the system throughput. The goal is to reduce the handover overhead by appropriately assigning users to either the RF or the LiFi access point (AP). In this study, a fuzzy logic (FL) based dynamic handover scheme is proposed. This FL scheme uses not only the channel state information (CSI), but also the user speed and desired data rate to determine whether a handover needs to be prompted. Simulation shows that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional handover algorithms, and the performance improvement is approximately 40% in terms of both data rate and user satisfaction level.
Approaches to glucagon receptor antagonists (2003)

Pharmacological observations that potent peptidic glucagon antagonists and antiglucagon antibodies are capable of lowering glucose levels in plasma, suggest that small molecule glucagon antagonists are strong candidates for the treatment of diabetes. Several classes of compounds have been identified that possess potent affinity for the human glucagon receptor. To date, one such molecule has advanced into clinical trial. This review will focus on published patent applications describing non-peptidic glucagon antagonists.