gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable semiconductor laser device based on piezoelectric heterostructures (2003)

Summary form only given. The tuning of a semiconductor laser diode (LD) is usually achieved by tuning a dispersive intracavity element, such as a grating or a distributed Bragg reflector, through the LD gain spectrum. Instead, in this work, we seek to tune the LD by directly shifting the LD gain spectrum using the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) during lasing. The device we propose here is original in the sense that it is the injected carriers themselves that create in the heart of the structure a space-charge electric field which in turn modulates the laser wavelength through QCSE. To obtain this we make use of the piezoelectric effect present in strained epitaxial layers grown on a high index surface, such as for example (111).
Relation Between Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Blood Flow Direction in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques (2000)

Our results suggest that in vivo local shear stress influences luminal endothelial cell apoptosis and may be a major determinant of plaque erosion and thrombosis.
Characterization of oligosaccharide structures on a chimeric respiratory syncytial virus protein expressed in insect cell line Sf9 (1991)

The oligosaccharide structures added to a chimeric protein (FG) composed of the extracellular domains of respiratory syncytial virus F and G proteins, expressed in the insect cell line Sf9, were investigated. Cells were labeled in vivo with [3H]glucosamine and infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the FG gene. The secreted chimeric protein was isolated by immunoprecipitation and subjected to oligosaccharide analysis. The FG protein contains two types of O-linked oligosaccharides: GalNAc and Gal beta 1-3GalNAc constituting 17 and 66% of the total number of structures, respectively. Only one type of N-linked oligosaccharide, constituting the remaining 17% of the structures on FG, was detected: a trimannosyl core structure with a fucose residue linked alpha 1-6 to the asparagine-linked N-acetylglucosamine.
X-PERT: accurate identification of cross-browser issues in web applications (2013)

Due to the increasing popularity of web applications, and the number of browsers and platforms on which such applications can be executed, cross-browser incompatibilities (XBIs) are becoming a serious concern for organizations that develop web-based software. Most of the techniques for XBI detection developed to date are either manual, and thus costly and error-prone, or partial and imprecise, and thus prone to generating both false positives and false negatives. To address these limitations of existing techniques, we developed X-PERT, a new automated, precise, and comprehensive approach for XBI detection. X-PERT combines several new and existing differencing techniques and is based on our findings from an extensive study of XBIs in real-world web applications. The key strength of our approach is that it handles each aspects of a web application using the differencing technique that is best suited to accurately detect XBIs related to that aspect. Our empirical evaluation shows that X-PERT is effective in detecting real-world XBIs, improves on the state of the art, and can provide useful support to developers for the diagnosis and (eventually) elimination of XBIs.
High Photosensitivity in SnO 2 :SiO 2 Optical Fibers (2001)

Enhanced photosensitivity has been achieved in tin-doped silica optical fibers. Refractive index modulations (~3×10<sup>-4</sup>) have been achieved by use of 248nm UV radiation. Studies performed on preform slides proved that the refractive index change can be ascribed to structural rearrangements induced by photochemical reactions. The modified structure has shown extreme stability, and gratings written in this fiber start to be erased above 600°C. Exposure of the fiber to 255 nm laser radiation showed that, at high fluence, the refractive index modulation saturates and does not exhibit any sign of decrease.
Critical current retention in axially strained reinforced first-generation high-temperature superconducting Bi2223 wire (2005)

The effect of attaching reinforcing materials to first-generation high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires on retained critical current (Ic) in axial strain conditions was established by axial tensile and compressive strain loading and in situ Ic tests. Tape-shaped BSCCO/Ag composite wires with copper and nickel plated reinforcing layers of different thickness and tapes with solder-laminated stainless steel, invar and molybdenum with different widths, thicknesses and pre-stresses were made and tested. The >95% retained Ic strain window was found to be shifted in a predictable manner based upon the choice of pre-stress, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), geometry and assembly method. Higher CTE and pre-stress in the reinforcement shifted the strain window into the tensile side. All reinforcing materials increased the size of the strain window, with higher modulus materials linearly increasing the strain window by up to two-fold compared to the unreinforced BSCCO-Ag composite. A model was developed to calculate the strain window location and size from reinforcement material properties, pre-stress and process variables. The ability to increase the strain window size and to tailor its location enhances the utility of both first- and second-generation HTS wires.
Angiogenesis pathway gene polymorphisms associated with clinical outcome in recurrent ovarian cancer treated with low dose cyclophosphamide and bevacizumab: A California Consortium Trial (2006)

5017 Background: Despite advances in chemotherapy, ovarian cancer remains a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. It has therefore become essential to identify novel therapeutic targets, such as angiogenesis which is a complex process regulated by the delicate balance between various local proangiogenic and antiangiogenic proteins. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody binding to VEGF, has shown significant activity in colon, breast, lung and ovarian cancer. There are no established molecular markers to predict response or time to tumor progression for Bevacizumab based chemotherapy. The key enzymes of the VEGF pathway are: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), VEGF Receptor (VEGFR), Hypoxia Inducible Factor1 (HIF α and β-subunit), Neuropilin1 (NRP), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Adrenomedullin (AM) and Leptin. Methods: Seventy patients with refractory ovarian cancer were enrolled in a Phase II clinical trial and treated with Cyclophoshamide 50 mg po/Bevacizumab 10 mg/kg IV every 14 days. From 52 patients blood samples were available for gDNA extraction and PCR-RFLP assays. Results: 13 patients had a PR (25%) and 39 were non responders. 31 pts had progressed. Median follow-up of 8.3 months with a median progression-free survival of 6.6 months. Patients who were homozygous A/A or heterozygous A/T genotype at the −251 locus in the IL-8 gene had a lower response rate than those who were T/T (P = 0.047 Fisher’s exact test). Patients with Vegf936 C/C had a median TTP of 6.5 months, pts with any T (T/T, C/T) had a median TTP of 17.2 months. Pts carrying both AM 3’end alleles <14 CA repeats had 3.4 months median TTP, patients with at least one allele >14 showed a median TTP of 6.6 months; for both alleles >14 patients showed 8.7 months of median TPP (P = 0.0006 Log-rank test) Conclusions: Our data suggest for the first time, that IL-8 may be a potential molecular predictor of response to Bevacizumab based chemotherapy. We also demonstrate that both VEGF 936 and the AM 3’ dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms are potential molecular markers for time to tumor progression. A larger prospective study is needed to validate and confirm our preliminary findings. This study was supported by NCI grant NO1 CM 17101. [Table: see text]
흡습발열 소재를 위한 히드라진 가교 PAN 나노 입자의 제조 (2011)

Highly hydrophilic, hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) particles can be used as moisture-absorbing, heat release materials for textiles. However, its high hydrophilicity makes PAN soluble in water; therefore it should be cross-linked prior to hydrolysis. Variously sized PAN nanoparticles were synthesized by the dispersion/emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) monomer using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and potassium persulfate as an emulsifier and an initiator, respectively. The resulting nanoparticles` sizes, shapes, and size distributions were studied. Increasing concentrations of SDS and AN led to larger particles. PAN nanoparticles with an average size of ca. 330 nm were obtained by controlling the polymerization conditions. They were then crosslinked with hydrazine solutions of various concentrations at 110℃ for 3 hours. Particles` sizes, size distributions, and thermal properties were then investigated. Crosslinking the PAN particles with hydrazine was shown not to affect the particles` sizes or distribution and it slightly lowered the degradation and cyclization temperature of the PAN.
Probiotic activities of Rhizobium laguerreae on growth and quality of spinach (2018)

The growing interest in a healthy lifestyle and in environmental protection is changing habits regarding food consumption and agricultural practices. Good agricultural practice is indispensable, particularly for raw vegetables, and can include the use of plant probiotic bacteria for the purpose of biofertilization. In this work we analysed the probiotic potential of the rhizobial strain PEPV40, identified as Rhizobium laguerreae through the analysis of the recA and atpD genes, on the growth of spinach plants. This strain presents several in vitro plant growth promotion mechanisms, such as phosphate solubilisation and the production of indole acetic acid and siderophores. The strain PEPV40 produces cellulose and forms biofilms on abiotic surfaces. GFP labelling of this strain showed that PEPV40 colonizes the roots of spinach plants, forming microcolonies typical of biofilm initiation. Inoculation with this strain significantly increases several vegetative parameters such as leaf number, size and weight, as well as chlorophyll and nitrogen contents. Therefore, our findings indicate, for the first time, that Rhizobium laguerreae is an excellent plant probiotic, which increases the yield and quality of spinach, a vegetable that is increasingly being consumed raw worldwide.
Printed antenna composed of a bow-tie dipole and a loop (2007)

A new printed structure composed of a bow-tie dipole and a loop for achieving a directional antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna demonstrates that when an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole excited simultaneously, a directional radiation pattern can be obtained. The antenna operates at 2.4 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 10%. It also attains a front-to-back ratio of 33 dB.
HETERODUPLEXES FOR HLA DQB1 IDENTITY OF FAMILY MEMBERS AND KIDNEY DONOR-RECIPIENT PAIRS (1994)

DNA heteroduplex (HD) electrophoretic patterns of DQB1 alleles from 124 individuals (38 members from 7 families and 43 kidney donor-recipient pairs) were analyzed in reference to each individual's DQB1 diallelic types determined by the polymerase chain reaction-RFLP method. The assignment of DQB1 homozygosity and heterozygosity, based solely on HD patterns, was accurate and correlated well with the typing results. DQB1 homozygotes invariably gave HD patterns of a single band while heterozygotes gave HD patterns of multiple bands. Distinct HD patterns of 2 heterozygotes predict the presence of at least 1 different DQB1 type between the pair. However, pairs with identical HD patterns may have different subtypes, because HDs with 1 or 2 nucleotide differences may sometimes give an identical HD pattern. Because of its simplicity and reproducibility, this HD analysis protocol serves as an excellent alternative to screen for DQB1 homozygotes and mismatched tissue donor-recipient pairs. This protocol is also useful for confirming the correctness of DQB1 allelic type assignments in a clinical setting.
Superior ion-exchanged ZSM-5 catalysts for selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen (2000)

Fe-ZSM-5 showed the best catalytic performance (nearly 100% N2 yield) and resistance to water vapor for selective catalytic oxidation of NH3 to N2 at a high gas hourly space velocity (2.3 × 105 h−1) among transition-metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) ion-exchanged ZSM-5 catalysts.
Curriculum Alignment Matrix: A Systematic Framework for Aligning Educational Leadership Program Curriculum (2006)

The emphasis on educational accountability and the necessity of training highly qualified administrators and leaders, prompted changes to Columbus State University’s Educational Leadership programs. Curriculum alignment was the foundation of this initiative. There has been an evolution in thinking about the important ingredients and benefits of curriculum for the 21st Century leader. Lashway (2002) advanced the idea of totally revamping the leadership preparation program to stay current with the ever-changing world. Jacobs (1997), through her work with curriculum, saw a need for obtaining course overviews. Cunningham & Cordiero (2000) envisioned futurist thinking for the practitioners and purported changing the pedagogical models to include more collaboration, technological tools, authentic learning, and problem solving. The American Association of School Administrators (1993) identified the critical elements needed for students of the 21st Century: academic content, behaviors/dispositions, and oral and written communications skills.
Respiratory Frequency during Exercise: The Neglected Physiological Measure (2017)

The use of wearable sensor technology for athlete training monitoring is growing exponentially, but some important measures and related wearable devices have received little attention so far. Respiratory frequency (<i>f</i><sub>R</sub>), for example, is emerging as a valuable measurement for training monitoring. Despite the availability of unobtrusive wearable devices measuring <i>f</i><sub>R</sub> with relatively good accuracy, <i>f</i><sub>R</sub> is not commonly monitored during training. Yet <i>f</i><sub>R</sub> is currently measured as a vital sign by multiparameter wearable devices in the military field, clinical settings, and occupational activities. When these devices have been used during exercise, <i>f</i><sub>R</sub> was used for limited applications like the estimation of the ventilatory threshold. However, more information can be gained from <i>f</i><sub>R</sub>. Unlike heart rate, [Formula: see text]O<sub>2</sub>, and blood lactate, <i>f</i><sub>R</sub> is strongly associated with perceived exertion during a variety of exercise paradigms, and under several experimental interventions affecting performance like muscle fatigue, glycogen depletion, heat exposure and hypoxia. This suggests that <i>f</i><sub>R</sub> is a strong marker of physical effort. Furthermore, unlike other physiological variables, <i>f</i><sub>R</sub> responds rapidly to variations in workload during high-intensity interval training (HIIT), with potential important implications for many sporting activities. This Perspective article aims to (i) present scientific evidence supporting the relevance of <i>f</i><sub>R</sub> for training monitoring; (ii) critically revise possible methodologies to measure <i>f</i><sub>R</sub> and the accuracy of currently available respiratory wearables; (iii) provide preliminary indication on how to analyze <i>f</i><sub>R</sub> data. This viewpoint is expected to advance the field of training monitoring and stimulate directions for future development of sports wearables.
A Simple and General Platform for Generating Stereochemically Complex Polyene Frameworks by Iterative Cross‐Coupling (2010)

Gar nicht kompliziert: Eine neuartige iterative Kreuzkupplungsstrategie bietet Zugang zu nützlichen Synthesebausteinen, die die einfache Herstellung von komplexen Polyenmotiven in allen stereoisomeren Formen ermöglichen. Die Methode wurde zur Synthese des Polyen-Teils von Vacidin A (siehe Struktur) genutzt.
Higher-order motion models for temporal frame interpolation with applications to video coding (2016)

We have recently proposed a motion-centric temporal frame interpolation (TFI) method, called BAM-TFI, which is able to produce high quality interpolated frames under a constant velocity assumption. However, for objects that do not follow constant velocity motion, the predictions, although credible, will differ from the “true” target frames, leading to high prediction residuals. In this paper, we show how higher-order motion models can be incorporated into the BAM-TFI scheme to interpolate frames that better predict the target frames. This opens up the door to a seamless integration of TFI with a video coding scheme. Comparisons on a variety of both synthetic and natural video sequences highlight the benefits of a second-order motion model. We further integrate the proposed TFI scheme into HEVC; preliminary comparisons with HEVC show promising results.
An extensive empirical study of collocation extraction methods (2005)

This paper presents a status quo of an ongoing research study of collocations -- an essential linguistic phenomenon having a wide spectrum of applications in the field of natural language processing. The core of the work is an empirical evaluation of a comprehensive list of automatic collocation extraction methods using precision-recall measures and a proposal of a new approach integrating multiple basic methods and statistical classification. We demonstrate that combining multiple independent techniques leads to a significant performance improvement in comparison with individual basic methods.
Expression of three ABA‐regulated clones and their relationship to maturation processes during the embryogenesis of chick‐pea seeds (1995)

Water stress inhibits germination of chick‐pea seeds and produces specific changes in gene expression. some of which are coincident with those induced by the exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA). Three cDNA clones, GAB‐8, GAB‐9 and GAB‐11, were previously identified as under the regulation of ABA and osmotic stress in embryonic axes of germinating chick‐pea. Here we try to establish a relationship between the changes in gene expression induced by ABA and stress conditions during germination and those naturally occurring during the desiccation process that leads to seed maturation. Our results show that the germinative capacity of chick‐pea is related to the water content of the organ. In vitro translation of the mRNAs from developing seed reveals that in the later stages of seed maturation some polypeptides appear that previously were found to be regulated by ABA and by water deficit in germinating seeds. Hybridization by northern blot of embryogenic mRNAs with GAB‐8. GAB‐9 and GAB‐11 clones shows that the mRNAs corresponding to such clones only appear in the later phases of seed formation, coinciding with seed dehydration, and persisting until seeds became fully mature. The results suggest that these mRNAs are probably related to the response to dehydration that occurs during seed maturation, and that the pattern of expression of these ABA‐regulated clones coincides with that of the established late embryogenesis‐abundant (LEA) genes.
Spatiotemporal drift-diffusion simulations of analog ionic memristors (2013)

Analog memristors that exhibit an electronic conductivity change in response to ionic motion have been simulated using the finite element method. Several physical mechanisms are considered for the redistribution of dopants within the device and all result in minimal resistance changes. The mechanisms considered that result in minimal resistance changes are initial ion concentration, hole mobility dependence on acceptor concentration, and geometry. In contrast, ion extraction results in a significant change in the simulated analog memristor resistance (many orders of magnitude). It is determined that if ions can be repeatedly cycled without damage to the crystal structure, ion extraction is the optimal analog ionic memristor operation mechanism. Given this conclusion, battery technology materials known for their robustness in spite of repeated ion extraction/replacement should be considered for reliable analog memristor applications.
Development and application of a microbeam plasma generator (1992)

A microbeam plasma was successfully generated by using an originally designed capacitively coupled rf plasma reactor which was composed of a needle cathode (1 mm φ), a cylindrical anode (3 mm φ), and a quartz tubing inserted between the cathode and anode. When the reactor was operated in open air and helium was steadily fed as a discharge gas, a plasma beam (φ&lt;2 mm) blew out into air. Conditions for generating a stable plasma were investigated. Preliminary results are presented on the etching of Si by this beam plasma, as well as an emission analysis of the etching plasma.
A 120mm<sup>2</sup> 16Gb 4-MLC NAND Flash Memory with 43nm CMOS Technology (2008)

NAND flash memory use in digital still cameras and cellular phones is driving demand for larger-capacity storage. Moreover, NAND flash has the potential to replace HDDs. To achieve larger capacity while maintaining low cost per bit, technical improvements in feature size and area reduction are essential. To meet the stringent requirements, we develop a 16 Gb 4-level NAND flash memory in 43 nm CMOS technology. In 43 nm generation, gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) influences the electrical field on both sides of NAND strings. GIDL causes severe program disturb problems to NAND flash memories. To avoid GIDL, two dummy wordlines (WL) on both sides of NAND strings are added. This is effective because the dummy gate voltages, are selected independent of the program inhibit voltage.
Bone Turnover Markers as Predictors of Skeletal Complications in Prostate Cancer, Lung Cancer, and Other Solid Tumors (2005)

Baseline and recent bone marker levels were predictive of negative clinical outcomes in patients with bone metastases secondary to prostate cancer and to NSCLC and other solid tumors. N-telopeptide levels were more consistent prognostic indicators than bone-specific alkaline phosphatase for all tumor types, reflecting the key role of osteolysis in the development of skeletal complications.
Partial Hydrogenation in an Upflow Fixed-Bed Reactor:  A Multistage Operation for Experimental Optimization of Selectivity (2002)

The selectivity performance of an upflow fixed-bed reactor was optimized for the exothermic consecutive hydrogenation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (CDT) to cyclododecene (CDE) over 0.5% Pd/alumina. The influence of the main operating variables (temperature, hydrogen pressure, and liquid and hydrogen flow rates) on global hydrogen conversion and CDE selectivity was studied and analyzed. The reactor performance obtained for a pellet catalyst was shown to be sensitive to external mass transfer of the gaseous reactant and backmixing in the liquid phase. The surface concentration of hydrogen was found to be the key parameter because of its opposite effect on the rate of hydrogenation and selectivity. Increasing the gas velocity provided a higher hydrogen concentration at the catalyst surface, enhancing the global rate of hydrogenation, although an increase in the global hydrogen conversion was always related to a reduction of CDE selectivity. When the liquid velocity was decreased, backmixing became important in the liquid phase, also resulting in a loss of selectivity. To improve the reactor performance in terms of selectivity, process staging and hydrogen dilution by an inert gas were tested. Both, but in particular the split-up of the process into several stages, proved to be successful in obtaining high yields of CDE up to 90%, required for industrial application.