gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Coordination of Local Linear Models (2001)

High dimensional data that lies on or near a low dimensional manifold can be described by a collection of local linear models. Such a description, however, does not provide a global parameterization of the manifold---arguably an important goal of unsupervised learning. In this paper, we show how to learn a collection of local linear models that solves this more difficult problem. Our local linear models are represented by a mixture of factor analyzers, and the &quot;global coordination&quot; of these models is achieved by adding a regularizing term to their objective function. The regularizer breaks a degeneracy in the mixture model&apos;s parameter space, favoring models whose internal coordinate systems are aligned in a consistent way. As a result, the internal coordinates change smoothly and continuously as one traverses a connected path on the manifold---even when the path crosses the domains of many different local models. The regularizer takes the form of a Kullback-Leibler divergerence and illustrates an unexpected application of variational methods: not to perform approximate inference in intractable probabilistic models, but to learn more useful internal representations in tractable ones.
In-Space Deployable Reflectarray Antenna: Current and Future (2008)

Technologies associated with a 10-m X/Ka-band dual-frequency reflectarray antenna have been developed for deep space communication applications. The first task is the development of a 3-m diameter X/Ka dual frequency reflectarray which serves as a stepping-stone to the 10-m aperture antenna. The second task is to develop a deployable frame.
Magnetic field canceling coil for wireless power transfer system (2015)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is a promising approach to easily charging the batteries of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles. WPT systems that use magnetic coupling generate a surrounding magnetic field, and it is beneficial to reduce this magnetic field from the viewpoint of electromagnetic compatibility. We propose a magnetic field reduction method using magnetic field canceling coils and conductive plates. This method can reduce the magnetic field far from the WPT system without reducing the coupling factor.
Interventions on Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Heart Surgery (2002)

Beta-blockers, sotalol, and amiodarone all reduce risk of postoperative AF with no marked difference between them. There is evidence that use of these drugs will reduce LOS. Biatrial pacing is a promising new treatment opportunity. There was no evidence that reducing postoperative AF reduces stroke; however, data on stroke are incomplete.
Pharmacokinetics of indomethacin (1975)

Plasma concentrations of indomethacin have been studied in 5 healthy volunteers after single and multiple doses (25 mg intravenously [iv], 25, 50, and 100 mg orally, 100 mg rectally, and 25 mg three times daily [tid]. In 8 other normal subjects and in 5 patients a 50-mg oral dose of indomethacin was given and the indomethacin concentration was followed from 8 to 32 hr after dosing. All analyses were carried out using a new mass fragmentographic method. After oral and rectal doses the plasma decay of indomethacin was biphasic, and the data were interpreted according to a 2-compartment open model. The half-life of the beta-phase varied between 2.6 and 11.2 hr. The volume of distribution ranged from 0.34 to 1.57 L/kg and the plasma clearance from 0.044 to 0.109 L/kg/hr. There was no evidence of dose-dependent elimination. Indomethacin was rapidly and well absorbed after oral dosing with peak plasma concentrations within 2 hr. Comparison with the area under the curve (AUC) after iv dosing indicated complete bioavailability. The AUC after rectal dosing indicated complete bioavailability, but the rate of absorption was slower than after oral administration. Indomethacin, 25 mg three times daily, was also given for 9 days to the same normal subjects; equilibrium concentrations obtained did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.1) from those predicted from single-dose data in the 5 subjects.
步著歷史的軌跡探索圖書館學與資訊科學教育的問題(下) Uncovering Some Problems in the Library and Information Science Education by Following the Footstep of History (final) (1994)

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Kinetic Studies of Fos·Jun·DNA Complex Formation:  DNA Binding Prior to Dimerization (2000)

The bZIP proteins Fos and Jun bind DNA rapidly and with high affinity, forming a heteromeric complex that mediates activated transcription. Here we use stopped-flow fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to study the kinetic pathway by which Fos.Jun. DNA complexes assemble. Though dimerization of Fos and Jun occurs rapidly in the absence of DNA, the rate of dimerization is enhanced in the presence of DNA. Global analysis of the kinetic data shows that the favored DNA binding pathway is one is which the two protein monomers bind DNA sequentially and assemble their dimerization interface while bound to DNA.
Nitridation of fine grain chemical vapor deposited tungsten film as diffusion barrier for aluminum metallization (1997)

A novel tungsten nitride (WNx) film for diffusion barrier applications has been prepared by nitridation of a fine grain chemical vapor deposited tungsten (CVD-W) film. The fine grain CVD-W is deposited at 300 °C in a low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor with a SiH4/WF6 flow rate of 12.5/5 sccm under a total gas pressure of 100 mTorr. The subsequent nitridation process is executed in nitrogen plasma at 300 °C without breaking vacuum. The thickness of WNx layer as examined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy is 50 nm after 5 min exposure to nitrogen plasma. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra shows that the atomic ratio of tungsten to nitrogen in WNx layer is 2:1. According to the analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy and the measurement of n+p junction leakage current, the Al/WNx/W/Si multilayer maintains excellent interfacial stability after furnace annealing at 575 °C for 30 min. The effectiveness of W2N barrier is attributed to stuffing grain boundaries with nitrogen atoms which eliminates the rapid diffusion paths in fine grain CVD-W films.
Structural Basis of Tau Interaction With BIN1 and Regulation by Tau Phosphorylation (2018)

Bridging integrator-1 (<i>BIN1</i>) gene is associated with an increased risk to develop Alzheimer's disease, a tauopathy characterized by intra-neuronal accumulation of phosphorylated Tau protein as paired helical filaments. Direct interaction of BIN1 and Tau proteins was demonstrated to be mediated through BIN1 SH3 C-terminal domain and Tau (210-240) peptide within Tau proline-rich domain. We previously showed that BIN1 SH3 interaction with Tau is decreased by phosphorylation within Tau proline-rich domain, of at least T231. In addition, the BIN1/Tau interaction is characterized by a dynamic equilibrium between a closed and open conformations of BIN1 isoform 1, involving an intramolecular interaction with its C-terminal BIN1 SH3 domain. However, the role of the BIN1/Tau interaction, and its potential dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease, is not yet fully understood. Here we showed that within Tau (210-240) peptide, among the two proline-rich motifs potentially recognized by SH3 domains, only motif P<sup>216</sup>TPPTR<sup>221</sup> is bound by BIN1 SH3. A structural model of the complex between BIN1 SH3 and Tau peptide (213-229), based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data, revealed the molecular detail of the interaction. P216 and P219 within the proline-rich motif were in direct contact with the aromatic F588 and W562 of the BIN1 SH3 domain. The contact surface is extended through electrostatic interactions between the positively charged R221 and K224 residues of Tau peptide and those negatively charged of BIN1 SH3, corresponding to E556 and E557. We next investigated the impact of multiple Tau phosphorylations within Tau (210-240) on its interaction with BIN1 isoform 1. Tau (210-240) phosphorylated at four different sites (T212, T217, T231, and S235), contrary to unphosphorylated Tau, was unable to compete with the intramolecular interaction of BIN1 SH3 domain with its CLAP domain. In accordance, the affinity of BIN1 SH3 for phosphorylated Tau (210-240) peptide was reduced, with a five-fold increase in the dissociation constant, from a Kd of 44 to 256 μM. This study highlights the complexity of the regulation of BIN1 isoform 1 with Tau. As abnormal phosphorylation of Tau is linked to the pathology development, this regulation by phosphorylation might have important functional consequences.
Instrument‐independent database for collisionally activated dissociation in RF‐only quadrupoles. The case of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> and C<sub>3</sub>H (1989)

Abstract Dynamically correct (i.e., instrument‐independent) branching ratios can be measured under single‐collision conditions in tandem mass spectrometers incorporating RF‐only quadrupole collision cells. The absolute branching ratios were measured as a function of the center‐of‐mass interaction energy E CM for the collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) of CH 3 CO + (m/z43) from several source compounds (ethanol, oxirane), and CH 3 CO‐X (where X = H, CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 , CH 3 CO, CH 3 COCH 2 , and C 6 H 5 )). The energy dependences of the branching ratios for C 2 H 3 O + from CH 3 CO‐X source compounds are quite distinct from those observed for C 2 H 3 O + from ethanol or ethylene oxide, or for the C 3 H + 7 ions (also m / z 43) from n ‐pentane. Hence, one can use the CAD of m / z 43 to distinguish CH 3 CO‐X compounds from other source compounds, including sources of C 3 H 7 + ions. Therefore, the characteristic branching ratios of ionic substructures may provide for tandem mass spectrometry a „fingerprinting”︁ capability analogous to the use of group frequencies in infrared spectroscopy.
Combined coding for error control and increased robustness to system nonlinearities in OFDM (2002)

A combined coding scheme for error control and reduced peak to mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR) in OFDM is presented. The proposed scheme and an algorithm for finding the optimum code set for achieving minimum PMEPR is described in detail. The process is illustrated by means of an example, and it is shown that a 4 dB improvement is possible for an (8,4) linear block code. The method is extended to consider larger code sets of lower rate which are expanded through the use of polyphase sequences that are found by means of a natural algorithm. Preliminary results indicate that the PMEPR can be further improved by use of such sequences. Finally, the BER performance of the combined coding method in a typical nonlinear channel is presented.
The Occurrence of Organohalides in Chlorinated Drinking Waters (1974)

The national media have reported that the chlorination of water during treatment is responsible for the formation of potentially harmful chlorinated organic materials—notably chloroform—in the nation's water supplies. The following report by three research scientists from the Natl. Envir. Res. Ctr. of EPA describes that agency's research concerning these organohalides. The report concludes that the number of organohalides formed during the chlorination process does not constitute any immediate threat to the public health or welfare, but that more research into possible long‐term effects is warranted.
Nut and kernel traits and chemical composition of hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) cultivars (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Nut and kernel traits and chemical composition of 24 Italian and foreign hazelnut cultivars were analysed in 2002–2004 in order to study the effect of genotype and environment on nut quality. Nuts were sampled in a germplasm collection in the Italian province of Viterbo. RESULTS: Quantitative and qualitative determinations of sugars, organic acids and lipids revealed good nutritional and health potential of the nuts, with several differences among cultivars and years. The total contents of oil and sugars ranged from 563.69 to 656.36 g kg −1 dry weight (DW) and from 39.80 to 59.51 g kg −1 DW respectively. Fatty acid profile and sugar and total phenolic contents varied with the year. Significantly higher palmitic acid concentration (6.18%) was found in the hot summer year 2003; lower saturated fatty acid concentration (8.20%) and higher unsaturated/saturated acid ratio (11.27) were observed in the coolest year (2004). These differences among years were highlighted by discriminant analysis. CONCLUSION: The information relating to secondary components such as sugars, organic acids and phenolics was useful for discriminating among cultivars and years. Owing to the effect of these compounds on sensory attributes perceived by consumers, their concentration and the varietal differences can be considered primary determinants of nut quality and should be valued when planning the cultivar choice for new plantations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
A molecular analysis of mouse development from 8 to 10 days<i>post coitum</i>detects changes only in embryonic globin expression (1987)

The pattern of protein synthesis in 8-, 9- and 10-day post coitum (p.c.) mouse embryos was examined by 2-D gel electrophoresis of [35S]methionine-labelled proteins. Of the 600-800 polypeptides detected only one, a 14 X 10(3) Mr (14K) protein, was found to accumulate over this period. To isolate cDNA clones that potentially encode this protein, 32P-labelled cDNA was synthesized from 9 and 10 days p.c. embryo poly(A) +RNA, and used for the differential screening of an 8.5-day p.c. mouse embryo cDNA library cloned in lambda gt10. Six clones that hybridized strongly to the 10-day probe were purified and their inserts subcloned into plasmid vectors. Cross hybridization and restriction mapping of these inserts indicate that they fall into four distinct groups. Each of these hybridize with transcripts of approximately 600 nucleotides, which accumulate in the embryo from 9 to 10 days p.c. Expression was barely detectable in adult tissues and restricted to liver and spleen. Expression of one of these clones, 10.1, was examined by in situ hybridization of 35S-labelled RNA probes to 8.5-12.5 day p.c. embryo sections. Strong hybridization was observed in yolk sac blood islands, fetal liver and embryonic erythrocytes, suggesting that 10.1A encodes an erythrocyte-specific protein. DNA sequence analysis indicates that the four classes of cDNA were derived from transcripts of the alpha 1, zeta, beta h1 and epsilon globin genes. Labelling of 10-day p.c. erythrocyte proteins with [35S]methionine, followed by 2-D gel electrophoresis, clearly demonstrates that the most abundant polypeptide migrates to the same position as the 14K protein which accumulates from 8 to 10 days p.c. Thus the only abundant transcripts and corresponding proteins that change over a period of profound morphogenetic change correspond to globins of the newly established blood system.
Achieving design closure in a typical mixed-signal ASIC; a Design-For-Test centric approach. (2005)

Achieving design closure in today's technologies (018μ and below) is generally a challenging task. Different objectives spanning timing, area, power, testability and numerous design rules needs to be addressed and fulfilled, all under tight project schedules as product lifetimes shrink. In this paper we look closer at the DFT (Design-For-Test) task from a top-level perspective; that is, we assume that the sub-blocks are already made testable themselves, and we look closer at the top-level integration process. Focus will be on design experience gained on a specific project and we will touch topics like clock-tree design, multiple power domains, different test modes, scan test and test response compression. Furthermore, we propose a DFT centric approach to top-level integration.
Single Drop Whole Blood Diagnostics: Portable Biomedical Sensor for Cardiac Troponin I Detection (2018)

Detection of disease biomarkers from whole blood is very important in disease prevention and management. However, new generation assays like point-of-care or mobile diagnostics face a myriad of challenges in detecting proteins from whole blood. In this research, we have designed, fabricated, and characterized a portable biomedical sensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) directly from whole blood, without sample pretreatments. The sensing methodology is based on an extended gate electrical double layer (EDL) gated field effect transistor (FET) biosensor that can offer very high sensitivity, a wide dynamic range, and high selectivity to target analyte. The sensing methodology is not impeded by electrostatic screening and can be applied to all types of FET sensors. A portable biomedical system is designed to carry out the diagnostic assay in a very simple and rapid manner, that allows the user to screen for target protein from a single drop of blood, in 5 min. This biomedical sensor can be used in hospitals and homes alike, for early detection of cTnI which is a clinical marker for acute myocardial infarction. This sensing methodology could potentially revolutionize the modern health care industry.
Bacteria Interfere with <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> Colonization (2007)

It is known that beneficial bacteria can suppress the emergence of pathogenic bacteria, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. This study examined the potential for a similar suppression of Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans colonization of epithelial cells, due to its potential relevance in periodontal diseases. Seven presumed beneficial bacteria were examined for their ability to interfere, exclude, or displace A. actinomycetemcomitans from epithelial cells in vitro. Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus salivarius showed prominent inhibitory effects on either A. actinomycetemcomitans recovery or colonization. These results confirmed the hypothesis that bacterial interactions interfere with A. actinomycetemcomitans colonization of epithelial cells in vitro, and demonstrated the potential beneficial effects of S. mitis, S. salivarius, and S. sanguinis.
How to develop a more accurate risk prediction model when there are few events (2015)

When the number of events is low relative to the number of predictors, standard regression could produce overﬁtted risk models that make inaccurate predictions. Use of penalised regression may improve the accuracy of risk prediction
Stability of aqueous solutions of amoxicillin sodium in the frozen and liquid states (1986)

The stability of aqueous admixtures of amoxicillin sodium in both the liquid and frozen (solid) states was studied. Admixtures of amoxicillin sodium were prepared in sterile water for injection to a theoretical concentration of 10 mg/mL. For each experimental run, 2-mL aliquots of the admixture were placed in stoppered glass volumetric flasks and stored at temperatures ranging from 19.5 degrees C to -30 degrees C; 16 flasks were stored at each temperature. After equilibration for approximately 20 minutes, duplicate flasks at each temperature were removed from storage conditions for time-zero assay. Subsequently, duplicate flasks were assayed at various times, depending on the storage temperature, for up to 13 days or until more than 80% of the drug had degraded. All samples were assayed at least in duplicate using high-performance liquid chromatography. When amoxicillin solutions were in the liquid state (at temperatures between 19.5 and 0 degrees C), the time required for the amoxicillin concentration to decrease to 90% of its initial value (t90) increased as temperature decreased. However, between 0 degree C and -7 degrees C, the t90 of frozen solutions decreased from two days to 1.08 hours. As temperature declined further, the rate of degradation decreased until the solution was completely frozen; at -30 degrees C, the t90 had increased to 13 days. Amoxicillin sodium is unstable in aqueous solutions stored between 0 degrees C and -20 degrees C. If admixtures of this drug are to be frozen for later use, the storage temperature should be below -30 degrees C.
A NEW IONIZING RADIATION DETECTION CONCEPT WHICH EMPLOYS SEMICONDUCTOR AVALANCHE AMPLIFICATION AND THE TUNNEL DIODE ELEMENT (1966)

A concept for the detection of ionizing radiation which utilizes the inherent high speed and large amplitude of the induced charge pulse in a semiconductor avalanche detector coupled with the tunnel diode element is described. It has been shown possible to digitally detect extremely low energy events even in high-current-induced noise backgrounds in the avalanche detector. Cryogenic cooling is not required. Detection is accomplished by use of the rate of rise and magnitude of the nuclear pulse (or alternatively a pulse of suitable amplitude and rate of rise generated by optical photons). The high-speed time domain allows discrimination against all noise-generated events because charge is not integrated in this scheme.
Extended-schedule dose-dense temozolomide in refractory gliomas (2009)

This multicenter phase II study conducted by the Spanish Neuro-Oncology Group evaluated the activity of an extended, dose-dense temozolomide regimen in patients with temozolomide-refractory malignant glioma. Adult patients (at least 18 years of age) with WHO grade III or IV glioma and a Karnofsky Performance Status of 60 or higher were treated with temozolomide (85 mg/m(2)/day) for 21 consecutive days every 28-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. All patients had developed progressive disease either during or less than 3 months after completing previous temozolomide treatment. Forty-seven patients were treated with a median of 2 (range, 1-13) cycles of temozolomide. Before study entry, patients had received a median of 6 cycles of temozolomide: 39 (83%) as part of initial therapy and 23 (49%) as second-line therapy. Three patients (6.4%) had a partial response with durations of 8.0, 3.5, and 3.2 months; 15 patients (31.9%) had stable disease with a median duration of 2.1 months, including 2 patients with stable disease (SD) for greater than 6 months (14 and 16 months). Median time to progression was 2 months, and median overall survival from study entry was 5.1 months. The 6-month progression-free survival rate was 16.7%. The most common hematologic toxicities were lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Lymphopenia occurred in 83% of patients and was grade 3 in 28%, but no opportunistic infections occurred. In conclusion, this extended dose-dense schedule of temozolomide appears to have modest activity in patients refractory to previous treatment with temozolomide and is associated with manageable toxicity.
Interferon-β Treatment Does Not Elevate Cortisol in Multiple Sclerosis (1992)

Interferons (IFN) are used to treat cancer and multiple sclerosis (MS). High doses of IFN elevate serum cortisol, which may indirectly affect the course of either of these diseases. IFN-induced elevation of serum cortisol could speed recovery from exacerbations of MS. We find that IFN-beta at 9 or 45 MU every other day does not elevate serum or urine cortisol in MS. Clinical effects of IFN-beta in MS are likely to be direct, and not mediated indirectly through alteration of serum cortisol levels.