gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide as a surface decontaminant and sterilant (1990)

The feasibility of utilizing vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) as a surface decontaminant and sterilant was evaluated in a centrifuge application. The prototype VPHP decontamination system, retrofitted into a Beckman L8-M ultracentrifuge, was designed to vaporize a 30% (wt/wt) solution of aqueous hydrogen peroxide continuously injecting and withdrawing VPHP in a deep-vacuum flow-through system. VPHP cycles of 4, 8, 16, and 32 min were examined for cidal activity against spores of Bacillus subtilis subsp. globigii and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Spore inocula (approximately 10(6)/coupon) were dried onto 0.5-in. (1.27-cm)-square stainless-steel coupons, and coupons were suspended in the centrifuge chamber, the space between the refrigeration can and the barrier ring (inner gap), and the space between the barrier ring and the vacuum ring (outer gap). At a chamber temperature of 4 degrees C, B. subtilis subsp. globigii spores were inactivated within 8 min, while inactivation of spores located in the outer gap at 27 degrees C required 32 min. The elevated temperature and high surface area/volume ratios in the outer gap may serve to decompose the gas more rapidly, thus reducing cidal efficacy. Of the two test spores, B. stearothermophilus was more resistant to VPHP. Nonetheless, VPHP was shown to possess significant sporicidal capability. For practical decontamination applications of the type described, VPHP shows promise as an effective and safer alternative to currently used ethylene oxide or formaldehyde vapors.
Terlipressin improves renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites without hepatorenal syndrome (2007)

The vasopressin 1 receptor agonist terlipressin improves renal function and induces natriuresis in patients with cirrhosis and ascites without HRS. Vasoconstrictors may represent a novel future treatment modality for these patients.
Multi-layer traffic engineering in photonic-GMPLS-router networks (2003)

The paper describes multi-layer traffic engineering and signaling technologies in photonic-GMPLS-router networks. Multi-layer traffic engineering, which yields the dynamic cooperation of IP and photonic layers for providing IP services cost-effectively, is described. To realize multi-layer traffic engineering, we propose an OSPF extension that advertises both the number of total wavelengths and the number of unused wavelengths and an RSVP-TE extension that minimizes the number of wavelength conversions needed. In addition, the paper presents a heuristic-based multi-layer topology design scheme that uses IP traffic measurements in a generalized multiprotocol label switch (GMPLS). Our design scheme yields the optical label switch path (OLSP) network topology, i.e. OLSP placement, that minimizes network cost, in response to fluctuations in IP traffic demand. In other words, the OLSP network topology is dynamically reconfigured to match IP traffic demand. Networks are reconfigured by the proposed scheme so as to utilize the network resources in the most cost-effective manner.
Activation of MAPKs by Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2001)

In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), the vasculotrophic factor, angiotensin II (AngII) activates three major MAPKs via the G(q)-coupled AT1 receptor. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation by AngII requires Ca(2+)-dependent "transactivation" of the EGF receptor that may involve a metalloprotease to stimulate processing of an EGF receptor ligand from its precursor. Whether EGF receptor transactivation also contributes to activation of other members of MAPKs such as p38MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by AngII remains unclear. In the present study, we have examined the effects of a synthetic metalloprotease inhibitor BB2116, and the EGF receptor kinase inhibitor AG1478 on AngII-induced activation of MAPKs in cultured VSMC. BB2116 markedly inhibited ERK activation induced by AngII or the Ca(2+) ionophore without affecting the activation by EGF or PDGF. BB2116 as well as HB-EGF neutralizing antibody inhibited the EGF receptor transactivation by AngII, suggesting a critical role of HB-EGF in the metalloprotease-dependent EGF receptor transactivation. In addition to the ERK activation, activation of p38MAPK and JNK by AngII was inhibited by an AT1 receptor antagonist, RNH6270. and EGF markedly activate p38MAPK, whereas but not EGF markedly activates JNK, indicating the possible contribution of the EGF receptor transactivation to the p38MAPK activation. The findings that both BB2116 and AG1478 specifically inhibited activation of p38MAPK but not JNK by AngII support this hypothesis. From these data, we conclude that ERK and p38MAPK activation by AngII requires the metalloprotease-dependent EGF receptor transactivation, whereas the JNK activation is regulated without involvement of EGF receptor transactivation.
Impact of surface topography and laser pulse duration for laser ablation of solar cell front side passivating SiNx layers (2010)

Local contact openings in SiNx layers that passivate the front side of solar cells offer an attractive alternative to the current standard “fire-through” screen printing process for front grid fabrication. Additionally, this technology can be used for enabling a selective emitter. In the present paper, we investigate laser ablation of SiNx layers on planar and textured silicon surfaces for various laser wavelengths and pulse durations in the nanosecond (ns) to femtosecond (fs) range. We characterize the dark J-V characteristics of diodes with laser contact openings in the SiNx layer passivating the emitter. Our results show that on alkaline textured surfaces the ablation by a ns laser produces less damage than by an ultrashort pulse laser. The dark currents of alkaline textured diodes treated with picosecond (ps) or fs lasers are one order of magnitude higher than those of ns laser treated diodes. High ideality factors furthermore indicate crystal damage in the ∼500 nm deep space charge region of the diodes. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images of textured samples, confirm the presence of extensive and deep crystal damage after ps laser ablation, which are not observed in laser treated samples with planar surfaces. Correspondingly, for planar surfaces we find for both, ns and for ps laser ablated regions, emitter saturation current densities J0e,abl of ∼2 pA/cm2. The recombination in textured samples in contrast differs vastly for ns and ps laser ablation. The ns laser results in an only slightly increased value of 3.7 pA/cm2 while the ps laser treated sample was not evaluable due to severe crystal damage leading to effective lifetimes of &lt;5 μs.
Using GPU Shaders for Visualization (2009)

GPU shaders seem used mostly for gaming and other forms of entertainment and simulation. But they have less-obvious visualization uses, for the same reasons that interest the gaming community: improved appearance and performance. This column looks at the use of shaders and the OpenGL shading language (GLSL) in two common visualization applications: point clouds and contour cutting planes.
Noninvasive Assessment of Fibrosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2015)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in 20-25% of the general population and is associated with metabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Histologically, NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. As NASH develops in only 10-15% of patients with NAFLD, it is not practical to biopsy all patients who present with NAFLD. Noninvasive fibrosis tests have been extensively developed recently and offer alternatives for staging fibrosis. Despite their increasing use, such tests cannot adequately differentiate simple steatosis from NASH. At present, such tests can be used as first line tests to rule out patients without advanced fibrosis and thus prevent unnecessary secondary care referrals in a significant number of patients. In this review we present the evidence for the use of noninvasive fibrosis tests in patients with NAFLD.
Relationship between Proteinuria and Epithelial Cell Changes in Minimal Lesion Glomerulopathy (1976)

The degree of fusion of glomerular epithelial cell foot processes was quantitated by determining the mean number of inter-process slip pores along 10 mum of basement membrane of peripheral capillary walls in 45 children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome and minimal lesion glomerulopathy. Fusion was present in all biopsies performed when the child had proteinuria, but after remission the number of slit pores increased progressively towards normal over the next 4 weeks. There was a close correlation between the degree of fusion and the amount of proteinuria in those biopsied before remission.
The Degradation Process Observed during Step Annealing of 73/27 HBA/HNA Copolyester (1999)

Stepwise annealing near the crystal−liquid crystal transition temperature was applied to a 73/27 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA)/2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid (HNA) copolyester to increase the melting transition from 281 to 316 °C. An unexpected degradation process was observed when further annealing was applied at 305 °C. An irreversible loss of crystallinity was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The melt rheology of the step ordered 73/27 HBA/HNA copolyester was investigated using a dynamic rheometer. In contrast to the untreated and ordered sample, the degraded material exhibited an increase in melt viscosity (0.3 orders) after heating at 370 °C for 1 min, indicating some form of irreversible reaction. Furthermore, a plot of storage modulus versus loss modulus showed a completely different pattern for the degraded material. These observations suggest that a small amount of branching or cross-linking has occurred in the 73/27 HBA/HNA copolyester during step annealing at 305 °C. An attempt was made to simulate this process by adding 1 wt % of a cross-linkable oligomer to the 73/27 HBA/HNA copolyester. From the melt viscosity, it could be concluded that a small amount of branching (below 0.5 wt %) has occurred most likely in the crystalline regions of the ordered copolyester.
An optically powered fibre network for heterogeneous subscribers (2009)

In optically powered networks, glass fibres are used for transmitting optical communication signals as well as optical energy for electrically powered devices. Advantages over existing power delivery technologies are: immunity to electromagnetic interference, spark-free power for safety-critical applications, slim cables, simple installation and reduced maintenance cost. Applications relate to security of public spaces and buildings, down-hole exploration, medical endoscopes, and to communications in the context of remote RF antennas and passive optical networks (PON). An optically powered network can connect widely differing subscribers with low/high bandwidth requirements, asynchronous/synchronous operation, and low/high priority, e.g., energy-preserving small-bandwidth subscribers with ultra-low duty cycles and low network priority (e.g., temperature sensors) in combination with wide-bandwidth subscribers operating at large duty cycles and high priority (e.g., video conferencing). Optical energy is supplied centrally from an access point, and this results in a combined star and tree-like network topology. As a consequence, subscribers communicate with the CO only, and therefore a standard carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) protocol cannot handle the data exchange. We present optically powered subscriber hardware and demonstrate a low-energy medium-access control (LE-MAC) protocol that extends the IEEE 802 standard, allows random and scheduled medium access of subscribers, and, by quality-of-service support, efficiently uses the available resources, namely channel bandwidth and optically supplied energy.
A 32Gb MLC NAND flash memory with V<inf>th</inf> margin-expanding schemes in 26nm CMOS (2011)

As the NAND flash memory market grows rapidly due to various applications, such as USB devices, MP3 players, SSDs, cellular phones, and cameras, there is a requirement for high-density and low-cost devices. Two different approaches to meet these requirements are increasing data per cell and area scaling. 3b/cell or 4b/cell NAND flash memories were introduced as an effective way to lower cost. However, these devices suffer from program performance degradation since tighter Vth distribution is required. On the other hand, area scaling is a candidate to achieve low cost while maintaining high program performance even though there are several hurdles to overcome, such as FG coupling and charge retention. As the cell size gets smaller, the Vth distribution widens and the erase-write cycling margin is decreased by the floating-gate coupling ratio.
Inflammation and p53: A Tale of Two Stresses (2011)

Numerous observations indicate a strong link between chronic inflammation and cancer. This link is supported by substantial experimental evidence indicating mutual negative regulation of NF-κB, the major regulator of inflammation, and p53, the major tumor suppressor. This antagonistic relationship reflects the opposite principles of the physiological responses driven by these transcription factors, which act as sensors and mediators of intrinsic and extrinsic cell stresses, respectively. Constitutive activation of NF-κB, the underlying cause of chronic inflammation, is a common acquired characteristic of tumors. A variety of experimental methods have been used to demonstrate that constitutive activation of NF-κB reduces the tumor suppressor activity of p53, thereby creating permissive conditions for dominant oncogene-mediated transformation. Loss of p53 activity is also a characteristic of the majority of tumors and results in unleashed inflammatory responses due to loss of p53-mediated NF-κB suppression. On the other hand, in natural or pharmacological situations of enforced p53 activation, NF-κB activity, inflammation, and immune responses are reduced, resulting in different pathologies. It is likely that the chronic inflammation that is commonly acquired in various tissues of older mammals leads to general suppression of p53 function, which would explain the increased risk of cancer observed in aging animals and humans. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying reciprocal negative regulation of p53 and NF-κB remain to be deciphered, this phenomenon has important implications for pharmacological prevention of cancer and aging and for new approaches to control inflammation.
Organometallic compounds of Group III. XIX. Regiospecificity and stereochemistry in the hydralumination of unsymmetrical acetylenes. Controlled cis or trans reduction of 1-alkynyl derivatives (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic compounds of Group III. XIX. Regiospecificity and stereochemistry in the hydralumination of unsymmetrical acetylenes. Controlled cis or trans reduction of 1-alkynyl derivativesJohn J. Eisch and Michael W. FoxtonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 23, 3520–3526Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00822a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00822a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1210Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Boosting NAD level suppresses inflammatory activation of PBMCs in heart failure (2020)

BACKGROUNDWhile mitochondria play an important role in innate immunity, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in heart failure (HF) is poorly understood. In this study we aimed to investigate the mechanistic link between mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the potential antiinflammatory effect of boosting the NAD level.METHODSWe compared the PBMC mitochondrial respiration of 19 hospitalized patients with stage D HF with that of 19 healthy participants. We then created an in vitro model of sterile inflammation by treating healthy PBMCs with mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (MitoDAMPs) isolated from human heart tissue. Last, we enrolled patients with stage D HF and sampled their blood before and after taking 5 to 9 days of oral nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD precursor.RESULTSWe demonstrated that HF is associated with both reduced respiratory capacity and elevated proinflammatory cytokine gene expressions. In our in vitro model, MitoDAMP-treated PBMCs secreted IL-6 that impaired mitochondrial respiration by reducing complex I activity. Last, oral NR administration enhanced PBMC respiration and reduced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in 4 subjects with HF.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that systemic inflammation in patients with HF is causally linked to mitochondrial function of the PBMCs. Increasing NAD levels may have the potential to improve mitochondrial respiration and attenuate proinflammatory activation of PBMCs in HF.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT03727646.FUNDINGThis study was funded by the NIH, the University of Washington, and the American Heart Association.
Modeling and Simulation Study of the Propagation and Defense of Internet E-mail Worms (2007)

As many people rely on e-mail communications for business and everyday life, Internet e-mail worms constitute one of the major security threats for our society. Unlike scanning worms such as Code Red or Slammer, e-mail worms spread over a logical network defined by e-mail address relationships, making traditional epidemic models invalid for modeling the propagation of e-mail worms. In addition, we show that the topological epidemic models presented by M. Boguna, et al. (2000) largely overestimate epidemic spreading speed in topological networks due to their implicit homogeneous mixing assumption. For this reason, we rely on simulations to study e-mail worm propagation in this paper. We present an e-mail worm simulation model that accounts for the behaviors of e-mail users, including e-mail checking time and the probability of opening an e-mail attachment. Our observations of e-mail lists suggest that an Internet e-mail network follows a heavy-tailed distribution in terms of node degrees, and we model it as a power-law network. To study the topological impact, we compare e-mail worm propagation on power-law topology with worm propagation on two other topologies: small-world topology and random-graph topology. The impact of the power-law topology on the spread of e-mail worms is mixed: E-mail worms spread more quickly on a power-law topology than on a small-world topology or a random-graph topology, but immunization defense is more effective on a power-law topology.
Comeld™: An Innovation in Composite to Metal Joining (2005)

(2005). Comeld™: An Innovation in Composite to Metal Joining. Materials Technology: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 91-96.
Walking aid use after discharge following hip fracture is rarely reviewed and often inappropriate: an observational study (2010)

A review of walking aid by a physiotherapist is rare within six months after discharge following hip fracture. Most patients make their own decision about what walking aid is most appropriate. This has safety implications in a group at high risk of falls.
Comparison of the crystalline quality of homoepitaxially grown CVD diamond layer on cleaved and polished substrates (2010)

Abstract A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study, comparing homoepitaxial diamond layers grown on different substrate surface preparation states and crystallographic orientation is presented. Quality of epilayers grown on {111} cleaved surface and on {001} polished one is evaluated in terms of crystalline defects. Focused ion beam (FIB‐dual beam) sample preparations are observed by TEM using the {111}, {400} and {022} reflections of the [011] pole. Burgers vector analysis allowed to conclude the presence of 60° dislocations oriented along all the different 〈110〉 directions in the cleaved sample, while no dislocations are observed on the polished one. A complete dislocation analysis is performed for that sample. The presence of dislocations in an undoped ( i.e . fully lattice matched) epilayer is surprising; and is probably induced by atomic steps, generated by the cleavage process. This notes down the importance of the substrate if high quality diamond epilayers want to be grown.
Communication theory (1951)

The whole history of electrical communication shows an advance from an almost intuitive art of using a few specialized devices to a well-ordered understanding of satisfactorily functioning systems—an advance, in fact, from practice to theory. Practice, in the sense of cleverness with devices, of a feel for things electrical, of accumulated experience unconsciously absorbed through the pores, is not a very practical foundation for a well-developed field of technology. Rather, the most practical and valuable tool an engineer can have in any field of work is a broad and quantitative understanding of the problem with which he is dealing: in other words, a general mathematical theory of the subject. In many cases, tremendous progress has been made without any such broad understanding. However, such understanding makes work easier, cheaper and more thorough. It helps the engineer in several ways.
Polyelectrolyte Selection for Direct Filtration (1979)

Cationic polymers used for water treatment have proved to be very effective either as filter aids or as primary coagulants. However, which polymer works best seems to depend upon several variables including mixing conditions and polymer molecular weights. This study evaluates the performance of several different commercial polymers in direct filtration applications.