gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) a sequence serves as a cleavage/packaging signal but does not drive recombinational genome isomerization when it is inserted into the HSV-2 genome (1992)

We inserted the terminal repeat (a sequence) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain KOS into the tk gene of HSV-2 strain HG52 in order to assess the ability of the HSV-1 a sequence to provoke genome isomerization events in an HSV-2 background. We found that the HSV-1 a sequence was cleaved by the HSV-2 cleavage/packaging machinery to give rise to novel genomic termini. However, the HSV-1 a sequence did not detectably recombine with the HSV-2 a sequence. These results demonstrate that the viral DNA cleavage/packaging system contributes to a subset of genome isomerization events and indicate that the additional recombinational inversion events that occur during infection require sequence homology between the recombination partners.
Evidence for widespread distribution of piscidin antimicrobial peptides in teleost fish (2006)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are increasingly recognized as a critical component of the host's defense against infection. Several types of AMPs have been recently identified from mucosal tissues or immune cells of a number of teleosts. Among these are the piscidins, which are 22 residue, alpha-helical AMPs that were originally isolated from mast cells of hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis male x Morone chrysops female. Using an antibody specific for the conserved N-terminal amino acid sequence of piscidin 1, we used immunohistochemistry to probe skin, gill, and gastrointestinal tract of 39 teleosts representing 7 different orders. Nine fish species were piscidin-positive, with all of these species being in the Perciformes, the largest and most evolutionarily advanced order of teleosts. Piscidin-positive cells were identified in species belonging to the families Moronidae, Serranidae, Sciaenidae, Siganidae and Belontidae. Immunopositive cells were usually most consistent with mast cells, although in some species, the granule appearance and tinctorial properties diverged somewhat from those of a typical piscine mast cell. In addition, rodlet cells were piscidin-positive in one member of the family Cichlidae; to our knowledge, it is the first time that a host-associated chemical biomarker has been identified in rodlet cells. Our data suggest that piscidins are present in many evolutionarily advanced teleosts. Piscidin-immunoreactive cells were most common at sites of pathogen entry, including the skin, gill and gastrointestinal tract. These results strongly suggest that piscidins are a widespread and important component of many fishes' defense against disease.
A modified formalin test for measuring analgesia in mice. (1984)

A simple method for assessing pain and analgesia in mice was developed by modification of the formalin test. Formalin was injected into the forepaw of a mouse and the durations (in sec) spent in licking and biting responses were measured. These behavioral responses being very distinct, pain assessment was easily performed without the experimenter's subjective assessment. The use of the duration of pain during each 5 min block of 2 peak points enables determination of the analgesic effect quantitatively and shortening of the experimental time. As a low concentration of formalin (0.5%) was used in this method, the analgesia of weak nonnarcotic analgesics was detectable as well as that of narcotic ones and tissue damage was not elicited. Furthermore, this method enables to distinguish roughly the action site of analgesics between the central and peripheral one.
Oxide Growth Enhancement on Highly n‐Type Doped Silicon under Steam Oxidation (1996)

Steam oxidation of silicon, enhanced by arsenic or phosphorus doping at concentrations higher than , has been experimentally investigated in the temperature range of 700 to 900°C on 〈100〉 and 〈111〉 surface orientations to gain better insight into the enhanced oxide growth and to derive data for possible model improvements. The redistribution of the dopant to the grown oxide, the transition layer, and remaining silicon is mathematically described. The resultant dopant concentration in the oxide and the associated dopant accumulation around the reacting surface follow exponential functions in agreement with measurement at least up to 800°C oxidation temperature. The oxidation enhancement relative to lightly doped silicon clearly develops gradually with the oxide growth as do the oxide doping and the accumulation. Only 10 to 30% of the accumulated dopants reside in the silicon and contribute to conductivity there. However, there is an about 5 nm thick conductive layer above the regular silicon that can be etched off by HF but seems to change its structure with a rapid thermal annealing at 1000°C, rendering it etch resistant.
Computer and Information Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, February 2008, all in one file (2008)

Code entry and editing by manually disabled computer programmers is difficult in conventional GUI-based development environments, since these rely heavily on mouse and keyboard use. The advent of accurate and responsive speech recognition technologies has made the speech user interface (SUI) a viable option for input. While high level programming constructs can be entered in a fairly natural way us/ing voice, expressions may be very complex in structure, and may use a wide variety of variables, literals, punctuation marks and operator symbols. A SUI-based syntax-directed editor was previously presented, but its interface model did not include expression editing in its model and implementation. This paper fills this gap by presenting a SUI-based model for entering and editing programming language expressions. A Java implementation was evaluated by a group of programmers to verify the functionality and to test the ease of use of the model. The results of this evaluation are presented and discussed.
Angular expression of maximum power transfer efficiency in reciprocal two-port systems (2014)

This paper presents a novel formula of maximum power transfer efficiency for general reciprocal two-port systems. Considering an arbitrary scheme of wireless power transfer system excited by a power source with finite available power. Then we define the efficiency as load-to-source power ratio. Next we translate it into the immittance matrix domain employing the network port parameters. To maximize the efficiency, we impose the simultaneous conjugate conditions upon the source and load impedances. We finally reach an elegant expression of maximum efficiency by heuristically introducing a new angular quantity. Its tangent square plays the role of power efficiency index, while its double-angle tangent works as a general extension of conventional k-Q product. One can use the angle as a lucid design pilotage even before learning a word of resonance or mutual coupling. This theory enables wireless system engineers to widely explore the feasibility over various kinds of power transfer regimes rather than just magnetic coupling between two coils.
Pregnancy rates and births after unilateral or bilateral transfer of bovine embryos produced <i>in vitro</i> (1992)

Late morulae and blastocysts produced in vitro were nonsurgically transferred to heifers by unilateral (n = 184) or bilateral (n = 94) transfer. Of the recipients, 58% had serum progesterone values greater than 1.4 ng ml-1 on day 21 and rectal palpation on day 35 showed that 50% (138 of 278) were pregnant. The embryonic mortality rate between days 21 and 35 was estimated to be about 14% and between days 36 and 90 to be about 12%. Of the animals, 8% aborted between days 91 and 250 of pregnancy. No difference was observed in pregnancy rates between unilateral transfer of one (47%) or two embryos (49%) and bilateral transfer (53%), or in the twinning rate between bilateral transfer (42%) and unilateral transfer of two embryos (33%). The pregnancy rate was 54% with embryos evaluated as morphologically excellent or good, 51% with fair embryos and 26% with poor ones. A higher pregnancy rate (60%) was obtained after embryo transfer when the synchrony between recipient and embryo was -1 day.
Derechos políticos, equidad e igualdad en la contienda electoral (2016)

It points out that the consecration and the protection of political rights and the right to a democratic system, as fundamental rights on constitutional texts and international statements and agreements, have provided them with the same dignity and category of primary liberties or firstgeneration human rights, which deal essentially with liberty and participation in political life
High Efficiency Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis: Potential for H2@Scale (2018)

Sustainable sources of hydrogen are a key need for reducing environmental impact of chemical processes, with over 95% of hydrogen for industrial applications currently made from fossil fuels through natural gas reforming or coal gasification. Hydrogen is an important industrial gas, representing a 10 million metric tons/year industry worth $100 billion. While proton exchange membrane (PEM)-based water electrolysis has been commercially available for many years, the production scale has been too small until recently to make large impacts. Also, because of the legacy of the technology in life support applications and lower R&D investment relative to PEM fuel cells, there is still significant room for cost and efficiency improvement of PEM electrolysis through materials and manufacturing advancements. This talk will discuss recent work in high efficiency catalysts and membranes and fundamental challenges in translating laboratory tests to manufacturable components. While catalyst composition and structure is important in understanding and increasing activity, integration is also a key part of materials and technology development. Solution data is not sufficient for predicting behavior in solid state electrolytes or interfaces with other cell components. Most laboratory experiments also do not provide sufficient information on durability beyond a screening tool for early stages of testing. A holistic approach is needed in materials, processing, and component interactions to advance the field. Current technology scale for PEM electrolysis and pathways for large scale renewable hydrogen production will also provide a framework for potential impact in the near term.
Nesfatin-1: Distribution and Interaction with a G Protein-Coupled Receptor in the Rat Brain (2007)

Nesfatin-1 is a recently identified satiety molecule detectable in neurons of the hypothalamus and nucleus of solitary tract (NTS). Immunohistochemical studies revealed nesfatin-1-immunoreactive (irNEF) cells in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, and caudal raphe nuclei of the rats, in addition to the hypothalamus and NTS reported in the initial study. Double-labeling immunohistochemistry showed that irNEF cells were vasopressin or oxytocin positive in the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus; cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript or tyrosine hydroxylase positive in arcuate nucleus; cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript or melanin concentrating hormone positive in the lateral hypothalamus. In the brainstem, irNEF neurons were choline acetyltransferase positive in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus; tyrosine hydroxylase positive in the NTS; and 5-hydroxytryptamine positive in the caudal raphe nucleus. The biological activity of rat nesfatin-1 (1-82) (100 nm) was assessed by the Ca(2+) microfluorometric method. Nesfatin-1 elevated intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations [Ca(2+)](i) in dissociated and cultured hypothalamic neurons. The response was prevented by pretreating the cells with pertussis toxin (100 nm) or Ca(2+)-free solution and by a combination of the L-type and P/Q-type calcium channel blocker verapamil (1 microm) and omega-conotoxin MVIIC (100 nm). The protein kinase A inhibitor KT 5720 (1 microm) suppressed nesfatin-1-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i). The result shows that irNEF is distributed to several discrete nuclei in the brainstem, in addition to the hypothalamus and NTS reported earlier, and that the peptide interacts with a G protein-coupled receptor, leading to an increase of [Ca(2+)](i), which is linked to protein kinase A activation in cultured rat hypothalamic neurons.
Effects of Interferon‐Γ on Secretion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor by Endometrial Stromal Cells (2000)

ES cells produce VEGF, which may contribute to endometrial neovascularization and proliferation. IFN-gamma may play an important role in regulating VEGF production by ES cells.
Mdv1p Is a Wd Repeat Protein That Interacts with the Dynamin-Related Gtpase, Dnm1p, to Trigger Mitochondrial Division (2000)

Mitochondrial fission is mediated by the dynamin-related GTPase, Dnm1p, which assembles on the mitochondrial outer membrane into punctate structures associated with sites of membrane constriction and fission. We have identified additional nuclear genes required for mitochondrial fission, termed MDV (for mitochondrial division). MDV1 encodes a predicted soluble protein, containing a coiled-coil motif and seven COOH-terminal WD repeats. Genetic and two-hybrid analyses indicate that Mdv1p interacts with Dnm1p to mediate mitochondrial fission. In addition, Mdv1p colocalizes with Dnm1p in fission-mediating punctate structures on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Whereas localization of Mdv1p to these structures requires Dnm1p, localization of Mdv1p to mitochondrial membranes does not. This indicates that Mdv1p possesses a Dnm1p-independent mitochondrial targeting signal. Dnm1p-independent targeting of Mdv1p to mitochondria requires MDV2. Our data indicate that MDV2 also functions separately to regulate the assembly of Dnm1p into punctate structures. In contrast, Mdv1p is not required for the assembly of Dnm1p, but Dnm1p-containing punctate structures lacking Mdv1p are not able to complete division. Our studies suggest that mitochondrial fission is a multi-step process in which Mdv2p regulates the assembly of Dnm1p into punctate structures and together with Mdv1p functions later during fission to facilitate Dnm1p-dependent mitochondrial membrane constriction and/or division.
Herpes simplex virus DNA replication: a spacer sequence directs the ATP-dependent formation of a nucleoprotein complex at oriS. (1994)

The origin-binding protein (OBP) from herpes simplex virus 1 is a member of the SF2 helicase superfamily and is required for the initiation of DNA synthesis from a viral origin of DNA replication (oriS). The high-affinity binding sites for OBP in oriS, boxes I and II, are separated by an A+T-rich spacer. We used the gel retardation technique to examine the influence of this spacer sequence on the formation of a specific complex, referred to as complex II, between OBP and oriS. The formation of this OBP-oriS complex was greatly promoted by adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate and other nucleotide cofactors. Surprisingly, oriS constructs where the spacer sequence had been altered with approximately half of a helical turn (+4 or -6 base pairs) supported the formation of a more stable complex II than the wild-type origin. DNase I footprinting experiments showed that the cooperative binding of OBP to boxes I and II was affected by the length of the spacer sequence in the same way. In contrast, the ability of oriS-containing plasmids to replicate was most efficient with wild-type oriS. This paradox can be resolved if it is assumed that an ATP-dependent cooperative binding of OBP to properly spaced recognition sequences in oriS is required to induce a conformational change of DNA, thereby facilitating initiation of DNA replication.
Melting temperature suppression of layered hybrid lead halide perovskites <i>via</i> organic ammonium cation branching (2018)

Hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have attracted broad interest because of their unique optical and electronic properties, as well as good processability. Thermal properties of these materials, often overlooked, can provide additional critical information for developing new methods of thin film preparation using, for example, melt processing-<i>i.e.</i>, making films of hybrid perovskites by solidification of a thin layer of the melt liquid. We demonstrate that it is possible to tune the melting temperature of layered hybrid lead iodide perovskites over the range of more than 100 degrees by modifying the structures of alkylammonium-derived organic cations. Through the introduction of alkyl chain branching and extending the length of the base alkylammonium cation, melting temperatures of as low as 172 °C can be achieved and high quality thin films of layered hybrid lead iodide perovskites can be made using a solvent-free melt process with no additives and in ambient air. Additionally, we show that a similar concept can be translated to the corresponding layered bromides, with slightly higher observed melting temperatures. The design rules established here can guide the discovery of new melt-processable perovskite materials for low-cost high performance devices.
Aromatic polypyromellitimides from aromatic polyamic acids (1965)

Abstract Aromatic diamines react with pyromellitic dianhydride in solvents such as dimethyl‐acetamide to form solutions of high molecular weight polyamic acids. These soluble polymers can be converted to insoluble aromatic polyimides. The aromatic polyimides exhibit zero strength temperatures above 700°C. and possess excellent thermal and oxidative stability. The stability characteristics of films and the relation of chemical structure to thermal and hydrolytic stability and to polymer properties such as crystallinity are described.
Circadian Rhythms in the CNS and Peripheral Clock Disorders: Human Sleep Disorders and Clock Genes (2007)

Genetic analyses of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD), such as familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (ASPS) and delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), and morningness-eveningness revealed the relationship between variations in clock genes and diurnal change in human behaviors. Variations such as T3111C in the Clock gene are reportedly associated with morningness-eveningness. Two of the pedigrees of familial ASPS (FASPS) are caused by mutations in clock genes: the S662G mutation in the Per2 gene or the T44A mutation in the casein kinase 1 delta (CK1delta) gene, although these mutations are not found in other pedigrees of FASPS. As for DSPS, a missense variation in the Per3 gene is identified as a risk factor, while the one in the CK1epsilon gene is thought to be protective. These findings suggest that further, as yet unidentified, gene variations are involved in human circadian activity. Many of the CRSD-relevant variations reported to date seem to affect the phosphorylation status of the clock proteins. A recent study using mathematical models of circadian rhythm generation has provided a new insight into the role of phosphorylation in the molecular mechanisms of these disorders.
The Human Factors Toxicologist (1992)

Toxicology is a relatively new science in which much work is needed. The human factors professional is uniquely qualified to contribute to this field in a variety of ways. On a long-term basis, the work of the human factors professional is needed for a) the development of appropriate testing procedures to identify situations of unknown exposure, and b) the monitoring of research on the effects of specific toxins to serve the basis of legal exposure standards. There is also an immediate need for the human factors professional's knowledge of systems integration, design, and training to protect the human from the toxins to which he/she may be currently exposed in a variety of environments.
POTASSIUM FLUORIDE ON INORGANIC SOLID SUPPORTS. A SEARCH FOR FURTHER EFFICIENT REAGENTS PROMOTING HYDROGEN-BOND-ASSISTED ALKYLATIONS (1979)

Abstract Effectiveness of various inorganic solids as a support of potassium fluoride for promoting “hydrogen-bond-assisted” alkylations was studied. Alumina was found most effective; even O-alkylation of an alcohol can be easily undertaken by use of KF-Al2O3. A variety of molecular sieves showed a selectivity in the case of C-alkylation.
Chronic subthreshold subdural cortical stimulation for the treatment of focal epilepsy originating from eloquent cortex (2014)

Medically refractory epilepsy remains a major medical problem worldwide. Although some patients are eligible for surgical resection of seizure foci, a proportion of patients are ineligible for a variety of reasons. One such reason is that the foci reside in eloquent cortex of the brain and therefore resection would result in significant morbidity. This retrospective study reports our experience with a novel neurostimulation technique for the treatment of these patients. We identified three patients who were ineligible for surgical resection of the intracranially identified seizure focus because it resided in eloquent cortex, who underwent therapeutic trial of focal cortical stimulation delivered through the subdural monitoring grid. All three patients had a significant reduction in seizures, and two went on to permanent implantation, which resulted in long-term reduction in seizure frequency. In conclusion, this small case report provides some evidence of proof of concept of the role of targeted continuous neocortical neurostimulation in the treatment of medically refractory focal epilepsy, and provides support for ongoing investigations into this treatment modality.
Federated filter for computer-efficient, near-optimal GPS integration (2002)

A simple, add-in implementation of the federated filter has been developed that is well-suited to integrating off-the-shelf GPS navigation equipment with new or existing navigation systems. This implementation provides near-optimal estimation accuracy for the integrated system, with a minimal increase in memory and throughput requirements for the existing navigation processor. This method can readily replace the common, loosely-coupled cascaded (LCC) approach to integrating off-the-shelf GPS navigators with existing systems. The LCC approach processes the GPS output solution in a cascaded Kalman filter, and ignores that fact that successive GPS filter outputs actually contain both old and new information. The federated filter solves the old/new information problem by maintaining separate partitions for information derived from GPS and other sources. These partitions are periodically combined by a fusion algorithm that provides near-globally optimal estimation accuracy. The processing algorithms, logic, and associated computer burden are very similar to those of the LCC filter. Performance simulation results are shown for the federated filter, LCC filter, and a globally optimal centralized filter.