gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gold thioglucose obesity syndrome. (1977)

Parenteral administration of gold thioglucose to mice produces an area or necrosis in the ventromedial portion of the hypothalamus. The lesion, like lesions produced by electrocautery of this area, causes hyperphagia and consequent obesity. The glucose moiety of gold thioglucose is essential for production of the lesion. Glucose analogues (2-deoxy-glucose, sodium thioglucose and phlorizin) prevent the gold thioglucose-induced lesion, and by themselves produce a transient hyperphagia. Insulin deficiency prevents the lesion. Either adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy counteracts the effect of insulin deficiency. Electron microscopic studies, in which general necrosis is avoided by administration of aspirin before gold thioglucose or by administration of subnecrotic doses of gold thioglucose, reveal that gold thioglucose primarily affects neural elements contiguous with capillaries in the ventromedial hypothalamus. The experimental observations indicate the presence of special glucoreceptor cells in the ventromedial hypothalamus that are involved in the regulation of food intake.
Catalase activity and the survival of <i>Pseudomonas putida</i>, a root colonizer, upon treatment with peracetic acid (2001)

Peracetic acid is used as a sterilant in several industrial settings. Cells of a plant-colonizing bacterium, Pseudomonas putida in liquid suspension, were more sensitive to killing by peracetic acid when they lacked a major catalase activity, catalase A. Low doses of peracetic acid induced promoter activity of the gene encoding catalase A and increased total catalase specific activity in cell extracts. Microbes present in native agricultural soils rapidly degraded the active oxygen species present in peracetic acid. The simultaneous release of oxygen was consistent with a role for catalase in degrading the hydrogen peroxide that is part of the peracetic acid-equilibrium mixture. Amendment of sterilized soils with wild-type P. putida restored the rate of degradation of peracetic acid to a higher level than was observed in the soils amended with the catalase A-deficient mutant. The association of the bacteria with the plant roots resulted in protection of the wild-type as well as the catalase-deficient mutant from killing by peracetic acid. No differential recovery of the wild-type and catalase A mutant of P. putida was observed from roots after the growth matrix containing the plants was flushed with peracetic acid.
The Determination of Allantoin, a Possible Indicator of Oxidant Status, in Human Plasma (1995)

Because uric acid may be oxidized to allantoin by various reactive oxygen species, it is postulated that uric acid functions as an antioxidant in human bodily fluids. The measurement of allantoin concentrations may therefore be useful for the quantitation of oxidant generation in humans. We develop a reliable assay for the quantitation of human plasma allantoin levels. The method consists of rapid and selective separation of allantoin from uric and glyoxylic acid (which interfere in the assay) using anion-exchange solid-phase extraction prior to conversion of allantoin to glyoxylic acid and derivatization with 2,4-dinitrohenylhydrazine. Determination of glyoxylate-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone is achieved by using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with gradient elution and ultraviolet detection at 360 nm. The analytical performance of the method is satisfactory, with a day-to-day coefficient of variation of 8.9% and a within-batch coefficient of variation of 7.2%. The method is applied to the measurement of allantoin concentrations in the plasma of 99 apparently healthy men, and a preliminary reference range is reported. Clinical studies can now be performed to evaluate allantoin as a possible indicator of free radical damage in vivo.
Gas-phase acid-induced nucleophilic displacement reactions. 7. Structural and stereochemical evidence for the existence and the relative stability of alkylenebenzenium ions in the gas phase (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-phase acid-induced nucleophilic displacement reactions. 7. Structural and stereochemical evidence for the existence and the relative stability of alkylenebenzenium ions in the gas phaseSimonetta. Fornarini, Cinzia. Sparapani, and Maurizio. SperanzaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 1, 34–41Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00209a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00209a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exciton–polariton lasing in a microcavity (2003)

The formation of macroscopic coherence associated with a Bose–Einstein phase transition in excitons has long been sought for. We review our recent observation of related effects of exciton–polariton lasing in a semiconductor microcavity.
Attenuated mutants of the intracellular bacterium <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> obtained by single amino acid substitutions in listeriolysin O (1990)

Listeriolysin O (LLO), a major virulence factor of the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, shares with other known 'thiol-activated toxins' a conserved undecapeptide, ECTGLAWEWWR, located in the C-terminal region of the protein and containing the unique cysteine of the molecule. Single amino acid substitutions were created in this region to study the role of cysteine and tryptophan residues in the lytic activity of LLO as well as in the virulence of the bacterium. Transformation of a transposon-induced non-haemolytic mutant with plasmids carrying the mutated genes allowed allele exchange and transfer of mutations on to the chromosome by in vivo recombination. The mutant strains secreted a full-length 59 kilodalton LLO. A decrease of 25% in the haemolytic activity in culture supernatants was observed in the case of mutation Cys-484 to Ala and of 80% for mutation Cys-484 to Ser. Mutations Trp-491 and Trp-492 to Ala decreased activity by, respectively, 95% and 99.9%. LLOs produced by the mutants, as the wild type, were active at low pH, inhibited by cholesterol, and able to bind to cell membranes. A close relationship was found between virulence of mutants in the mouse model and haemolytic activity in their culture supernatants. These results demonstrate that the thiol group of Cys-484 is not essential for either haemolytic activity in vitro or virulence in vivo. In contrast, Trp-492 appears to be required for both haemolytic activity and virulence. The finding that the nearly non-haemolytic mutant Trp-492-Ala persisted in the spleen for several days after inoculation indicates that mutagenesis of a virulence determinant can attenuate virulence and provides a novel approach to the development of live vaccine strains.
Videotex: advancing to higher bandwidth (1988)

A description is given of a videotex communications system called Captain, (character and pattern telephone access information network), which has been providing commercial services since November 1984 to all major cities in Japan. HI-Captain, a full-color videotex system for local applications, and Super Captain, a video response system, are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Relationship between Tumor Blood Flow, Angiogenesis, Tumor Hypoxia, and Aerobic Glycolysis (2013)

Antiangiogenic therapies are being pursued as a means of starving tumors of their energy supply. Although numerous studies show that such therapies render tumors hypoxic, just as many studies have, surprisingly, shown improved tumor oxygenation. These contradicting findings challenge both the original rationale for antiangiogenic therapy and our understanding of the physiology of tissue oxygenation. The flow-diffusion equation, which describes the relation between blood flow and the extraction of freely diffusible molecules in tissue, was recently extended to take the heterogeneity of capillary transit times (CTH) into account. CTH is likely to be high in the chaotic microvasculature of a tumor, increasing the effective shunting of blood through its capillary bed. We review the properties of the extended flow-diffusion equation in tumor tissue. Elevated CTH reduces the extraction of oxygen, glucose, and cytotoxic molecules. The extent to which their net extraction is improved by antiangiogenic therapy, in turn, depends on the extent to which CTH is normalized by the treatment. The extraction of oxygen and glucose are affected to different extents by elevated CTH, and the degree of aerobic glycolysis-known as the Warburg effect-is thus predicted to represent an adaptation to the CTH of the local microvasculature.
An Innovative Space Rover with Extended Climbing Abilities (2000)

Keywords: passive locomotion concept robot uneven terrain off-road ; SHRIMP : High Mobility Wheeled Rover Reference LSA-CONF-2000-003View record in Web of Science Project Web Site: http://asl.epfl.ch/research/systems/shrimp/shrimp.php Record created on 2006-12-07, modified on 2016-08-08
Ultrashort Channel Length Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors (2015)

This paper reports high-performance top-gated black phosphorus (BP) field-effect transistors with channel lengths down to 20 nm fabricated using a facile angle evaporation process. By controlling the evaporation angle, the channel length of the transistors can be reproducibly controlled to be anywhere between 20 and 70 nm. The as-fabricated 20 nm top-gated BP transistors exhibit respectable on-state current (174 μA/μm) and transconductance (70 μS/μm) at a VDS of 0.1 V. Due to the use of two-dimensional BP as the channel material, the transistors exhibit relatively small short channel effects, preserving a decent on-off current ratio of 10(2) even at an extremely small channel length of 20 nm. Additionally, unlike the unencapsulated BP devices, which are known to be chemically unstable in ambient conditions, the top-gated BP transistors passivated by the Al2O3 gate dielectric layer remain stable without noticeable degradation in device performance after being stored in ambient conditions for more than 1 week. This work demonstrates the great promise of atomically thin BP for applications in ultimately scaled transistors.
Report of the taxonomic Subcommittee on Lactobacilli and Closely Related Organisms 1962-1966 (1967)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Ion Exclusion - A Unit Operation Utilizing Ion Exchange Materials (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon Exclusion - A Unit Operation Utilizing Ion Exchange MaterialsR. M. Wheaton and W. C. BaumanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 1, 228–233Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50517a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50517a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views500Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Hadoop cluster with FPGA-based hardware accelerators for K-means clustering algorithm (2017)

In this paper, the implementation of the K-means clustering algorithm on a Hadoop cluster with FPGA-based hardware accelerators is presented. The proposed design follows MapReduce programming model and uses Hadoop distribution file system (HDFS) for storing large dataset. The proposed FPGA-based hardware accelerator for speed up the K-means clustering algorithm is implemented on Xilinx VC707 evaluation boards (EVBs). There are four computers in the proposed Hadoop cluster, one computer is Master Node, and the other three computers are Slave Nodes. The Slave Nodes communicate with VC707 EVBs through Gigabit Ethernet. The experimental results show that for clustering 125 million three-dimensional input dataset, the proposed design can achieve 4× speedup than the Hadoop cluster without FPGA-based hardware accelerators.
Identification of the lipopolysaccharide core region as the receptor site for a cytotoxin-converting phage, phi CTX, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1994)

A temperate phage, phi CTX, is a cytotoxin-converting phage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we characterized the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures of phi CTX-resistant mutants derived from phi CTX-sensitive strains. phi CTX infectivity was neutralized by LPS preparations derived from sensitive strains but not by those from resistant strains. phi CTX-resistant mutants had lower-molecular-weight rough (R)-type LPS than the parental strains and lacked the reactivity of some anti-LPS core monoclonal antibodies. Some LPS core components were lacking or significantly decreased in the resistant mutants. These results suggested that a receptor site of the cytotoxin-converting phage phi CTX was the LPS core region and that especially L-rhamnose and D-glucose residues in the outer core were involved in phage binding. The host range of phi CTX was nearly O-serotype dependent, probably because of the diversity of the LPS core structure among P. aeruginosa strains. phi CTX bound to most strains of Homma serotypes A, G, and I but not to strains of serotypes B and E. Furthermore, we found that a genetic locus specifying phi CTX sensitivity (and consequently participating in the biosynthesis of part of the LPS core) existed in or near the locus participating in the determination of O-serotype specificity (somA), which has been mapped between leu-10 and eda-9001. phi CTX, as well as anti-LPS core monoclonal antibodies, will be a good tool for structural characterization of the P. aeruginosa LPS core region.
Capacitive sensor for relative angle measurement (2002)

Based on a capacitive angle/angular speed sensor a sensor measuring the relative angle between two rotating shafts has been developed. Two rotatable grounded electrodes are placed between two sensor plates. The relative angle between the two rotors and the absolute position of the rotor blades are calculated from measurements of the capacitive coupling between different transmitting stator segments. A prototype of this sensor has been developed with a range of the relative angle of /spl plusmn/7.5/spl deg/ with a resolution of 0.1.
Mutagenesis analysis of the membrane‐proximal ligand binding site of the TGF‐<i>β</i> receptor type III extracellular domain (1995)

There are two TGF-beta binding subdomains in the extracellular domain of receptor type III (proximal and distal in relation to the transmembrane domain). Here we present an extension of our analysis of the proximal binding site of receptor type III. Due to the original deletion mutagenesis strategy, our proximal binding site contained 19 amino acids from the N-terminal part of the receptor. By deleting these, we demonstrated that they did not contribute to the binding ability of the proximal binding site. We also produced a soluble, secreted form of the proximal binding site and demonstrated that it was able to bind TGF-beta. Finally, we analyzed the role of the three asparagine residues (580, 591, 595) that are located in the region of the receptor that is necessary for expression of a functional proximal binding site, and found that mutation of these residues individually to alanine did not affect ligand binding.
Cation-selective Mutations in the M2 Domain of the Inhibitory Glycine Receptor Channel Reveal Determinants of Ion-Charge Selectivity (2002)

Ligand-gated ion channel receptors mediate neuronal inhibition or excitation depending on their ion charge selectivity. An investigation into the determinants of ion charge selectivity of the anion-selective alpha1 homomeric glycine receptor (alpha1 glycine receptor [GlyR]) was undertaken using point mutations to residues lining the extra- and intracellular ends of the ion channel. Five mutant GlyRs were studied. A single substitution at the intracellular mouth of the channel (A-1'E GlyR) was sufficient to convert the channels to select cations over anions with P(Cl)/P(Na) = 0.34. This result delimits the selectivity filter and provides evidence that electrostatic interactions between permeating ions and pore residues are a critical factor in ion charge selectivity. The P-2'Delta mutant GlyR retained its anion selectivity (P(Cl)/P(Na) = 3.81), but it was much reduced compared with the wild-type (WT) GlyR (P(Cl)/P(Na) = 27.9). When the A-1'E and the P-2'Delta mutations were combined (selectivity double mutant [SDM] GlyR), the relative cation permeability was enhanced (P(Cl)/P(Na) = 0.13). The SDM GlyR was also Ca(2+) permeable (P(Ca)/P(Na) = 0.29). Neutralizing the extracellular mouth of the SDM GlyR ion channel (SDM+R19'A GlyR) produced a more Ca(2+)-permeable channel (P(Ca)/P(Na) = 0.73), without drastically altering monovalent charge selectivity (P(Cl)/P(Na) = 0.23). The SDM+R19'E GlyR, which introduces a negatively charged ring at the extracellular mouth of the channel, further enhanced Ca(2+) permeability (P(Ca)/P(Na) = 0.92), with little effect on monovalent selectivity (P(Cl)/P(Na) = 0.19). Estimates of the minimum pore diameter of the A-1'E, SDM, SDM+R19'A, and SDM+R19'E GlyRs revealed that these pores are larger than the alpha1 GlyR, with the SDM-based GlyRs being comparable in diameter to the cation-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This result provides evidence that the diameter of the ion channel is also an important factor in ion charge selectivity.
How to Configure Linux for ATM Networks (1999)

This article describes how to configure Linux-based Personal Computers (PC) and an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switch to build an ATM network. I will tell you how to obtain and install the ATM support software and device drivers. After the installation steps are given, I describe how to configure the ATM connections on the PCs and the switch to be used for Internet Protocol (IP) network traffic. I give some references at the end of this article on ATM networks and where to get the Linux-ATM software. The ATM interface cards I used are ENI-155P ATM adapters produced by Efficient Networks, and PCA-200EPC adapters from Fore Systems. These cards are installed in standard Pentium or Pentium-Pro based PCs running Linux. The ATM switch I used for this article is a Fore ASX-1000, although the information I give applies to all of the Fore ATM switches. I&apos;ll describe how to set up the switch to allow the Linux workstations to use IP over both Switched Virtual Circuits (SVC) and Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC).
Modelling the performance of large-scale systems (2003)

Performance modelling can be used throughout the development, deployment and maintenance of system hardware and application software. In this work the authors illustrate three uses of performance modelling on large-scale systems: the verification of performance during system installation, the comparison of two large-scale systems, and the prediction of performance on possible future architectures. They detail how a performance model gave an expectation of the performance of ASCI Q, a 20Tflop system recently installed at Los Alamos. A comparison between ASCI Q and the Earth Simulator is also detailed, resulting in the sizing of an AlphaServer system that has the same performance as the Earth Simulator. The modelling approach is application centric. A detailed model is developed for each application of interest based on a static analysis of the code but parametrised in terms of its dynamic behaviour.
Comparison of Functional Assays for Protein S: European Collaborative Study of Patients with Congenital and Acquired Deficiency (1993)

Four functional assays for protein S were evaluated by 4 different laboratories, each center using its own method. The aim of this study was to compare these different assays and to establish a relationship with results of immunological assays of total and free protein S antigen and C4bBP. The same plasma samples were distributed to each center and tested in blind. In 47 normal subjects, there was no significant difference between the 4 functional assays, with mean values ranging from 93 to 100%. These values were in good agreement with those of free and total protein S antigen. In 34 patients with a quantitative congenital deficiency of protein S the mean values of protein S activity were decreased with the 4 assays, ranging from 25 to 40%. Free protein S antigen was reduced to a similar extent, whereas total antigen was either normal or decreased. The correlation of protein S activity with free protein S antigen was satisfactory for 3 methods, with coefficients of correlation varying from 0.84 to 0.92 whereas it was only 0.70 in one lab. When total protein S antigen was reduced, protein S activity was decreased in all the patients with the 4 assays. In contrast when total protein S antigen was normal an important overlap of protein S activity between normals and patients was observed in one lab with 12 patients misclassified. In 8 patients with a functional defect, results of protein S activity differed substantially according to the assay used and about half of these patients were misclassified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)