gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Traffic Maps (2007)

This dissertation summarizes research investigating the design of real-time traffic maps. As traffic congestion continues to burden our largest cities, and as the Internet continues to grow at a rapid pace, real-time traffic maps have the potential to be among the worldâs most popular maps. Furthermore, as mobile devices and in-car-navigationsystems begin to connect to the Internet, millions of drivers will access and read these maps on an array of media. This dissertation reports on research aimed to understand as well as enhance the design of real-time traffic maps. The dissertation includes reviews of previous scientific research, as well as several online traffic maps from around the world. The dissertation also introduces new methods to design and empirically evaluate the performance of real-time traffic maps. The design methods are guided by established cartographic principles, as well as the findings of human subjects studies that reveal more intuitive cartographic strategies. The investigation pays particular attention to the influences of cartographic classification, and cartographic symbolization; the findings suggest that both classification and symbolization significantly influence how map readers perceive and respond to graphical depictions of traffic conditions. With this in mind, the research suggests it is imperative to not only understand the influence of design variables on map perception, but also to, as best as possible, link map design with map-readersâ perceptual preconceptions, and preferences. This idea of cognitive congruence represents a new challenge for all kinds of cartographers.
Release of ANF, proANF 1-98, and proANF 31-67 from isolated rat atria by atrial distension (1991)

The purpose of the present study was to determine if ANF and the NH2-terminus of the ANF prohormone are secreted simultaneously in response to atrial distension in isolated perfused rat atria. The experiments were conducted in paced left atria perfused with a modified Krebs buffer. Atrial pressure was increased from a baseline level of 2 mmHg to 8-9 mmHg for 60 minutes (distension) and then returned to 2 mmHg for 60 minutes in one group (n = 9) of isolated atria. In a second group of atria (n = 6), atrial pressure was maintained at approximately 2 mmHg throughout the experimental period. ANF secretion averaged 100 pg/min during the three 10-minute periods immediately preceding the increased atrial pressure and increased to 600-800 pg/min (P less than 0.001) when atrial pressure was raised. Secretion of the proANF 31-67 peptide increased from a value of approximately 100 pg/min immediately prior to distension to a peak of over 200 pg/min during distension (P less than 0.01). Secretion of proANF 1-98 increased from an average of 1.25 ng/min during the three periods immediately prior to distension to a peak of 2.5 ng/min during distension (P less than 0.01). These data indicate that ANF and the NH2-terminus of the ANF prohormone appear to be simultaneously secreted by isolated paced atria.
Asynchronous online ADMM for consensus problems (2017)

In this paper, we consider the consensus problem where a set of nodes cooperate to minimize a global cost. In particular, we consider an online setting and propose an online algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. Besides, we take into account the asynchronous operation of the nodes. In this context, we prove that the algorithm attains sublinear regret on the objective. Finally, we assess numerically the performance of the algorithm in a distributed sparse regression problem.
Robust tracking of multiple objects in sector-scan sonar image sequences using optical flow motion estimation (1998)

The fast update rate and good performance of new generation electronic sector scanning sonars is now allowing practicable use of temporal information for signal processing tasks such as object classification and motion estimation. Problems remain, however, as objects change appearance, merge, maneuver, move in and out of the field of view, and split due to poor segmentation. This paper presents an approach to the segmentation, two-dimensional motion estimation, and subsequent tracking of multiple objects in sequences of sector scan sonar images. Applications such as ROV obstacle avoidance, visual servoing, and underwater surveillance are relevant. Initially, static and moving objects are distinguished in the sonar image sequence using frequency-domain filtering. Optical flow calculations are then performed on moving objects with significant size to obtain magnitude and direction motion estimates. Matches of these motion estimates, and the future positions they predict, are then used as a basis for identifying corresponding objects in adjacent scans. To enhance robustness, a tracking tree is constructed storing multiple possible correspondences and cumulative confidence values obtained from successive compatibility measures. Deferred decision making is then employed to enable best estimates of object tracks to be updated as subsequent scans produce new information. The method is shown to work well, with good tracking performance when objects merge, split, and change shape. The optical flow is demonstrated to give position prediction errors of between 10 and 50 cm (1%-5% of scan range), with no violation of smoothness assumptions using sample rates between 4 and 1 frames/s.
Adsorption of Monomeric and Polymeric Amino Corrosion Inhibitors on Steel (1965)

The adsorption of 4‐ethylpyridine, 4‐ethylpiperidine, and very low molecular weight poly (4‐vinylpyridines) was studied in cyclohexane solutions containing hydrogen reduced steel powder. Isotherms were obtained for the monomers at 30°C. They show that an amount equivalent to monolayer formation is adsorbed at equilibrium concentrations in the range . The polymer was adsorbed to a much greater extent. Using a specially designed chromatographic method, the heat of adsorption of the piperidine derivative from cyclohexane was determined. Simultaneous measurements of the adsorption of the polymer and the corrosion of the steel in aqueous hydrochloric acid have shown that the corrosion rate decreases by 80% as the polymer adsorbs to form a very incomplete layer. From these results, it is concluded that these compounds chemisorb to the steel surface and that the 4‐ethylpiperidine is bonded at the nitrogen atom but that the 4‐ethylpyridine is adsorbed in a position with the plane of the ring parallel to the steel surface. Attachment of polymer is at multiple sites in the molecule, but appreciable portions of the chains are left in the solution phase. The area which is deactivated toward corrosion by adsorption of poly (4‐vinylpyridine) from is considerably greater in extent than that which is physically covered by the adsorbed molecules, i.e., a large neighboring area of steel surface is ennobled by the adsorbed polymer molecules.
A New Approach to Automated Epileptic Diagnosis Using EEG and Probabilistic Neural Network (2008)

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders that greatly impair patients' daily lives. Traditional epileptic diagnosis relies on tedious visual screening by neurologists from lengthy EEG recording that requires the presence of seizure (ictal) activities. Nowadays, there are many systems helping the neurologists to quickly find interesting segments from the lengthy signal by automatic seizure detection. However, we notice that it is very difficult, if not impossible, to obtain long-term EEG data with seizure activities for epilepsy patients in areas lack of medical resources and trained neurologists. Therefore, we propose to study automated epileptic diagnosis using interictal EEG data that is much easier to collect than ictal data. The authors are not aware of any report on automated EEG diagnostic system that can accurately distinguish patients' interictal EEG from the EEG of normal people. The research presented in this paper, therefore, aims to develop an automated diagnostic system that can use interictal EEG data to diagnose whether the person is epileptic. Such a system should also detect seizure activities for further investigation by doctors and potential patient monitoring. To develop such a system, we extract three classes of features from the EEG data and build a probabilistic neural network (PNN) fed with these features. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) on a widely used epileptic-normal data set reflects an impressive 99.3% accuracy of our system on distinguishing normal people's EEG from patients' interictal EEG. We also find our system can be used in patient monitoring (seizure detection) and seizure focus localization, with 96.7% and 76.5% accuracy respectively on the data set.
Using Segmentation to Improve Sales Forecasts Based on Purchase Intent: Which “Intenders” Actually Buy? (1992)

The authors investigate whether the use of segmentation can improve the accuracy of sales forecasts based on stated purchase intent. The common current practice is to prepare a sales forecast by using purchase intent and observed historical patterns in purchase rates given level of intent. The authors show that the accuracy of sales forecasts based on purchase intent can be improved by first using certain kinds of segmentation methods to segment the panel members. The main empirical finding is that more accurate sales forecasts appear to be obtained by applying statistical segmentation methods that distinguish between dependent and independent variables (e.g., CART, discriminant analysis) than by applying simpler direct clustering approaches (e.g., a priori segmentation or K-means clustering). The results further reveal that meaningful segments are present and identifiable that vary in their subsequent purchase rates for a given level of intent. This identification has important implications for areas such as target marketing, as it indicates which customer segments will actually fulfill their intentions. One key substantive finding is that households in a (demographic/product-usage-based) segment having an a priori high propensity to purchase are also more likely to fulfill a positive intention to purchase.
Integrated Scenario for Machine-Aided Inventory Using Ambient Sensors (2008)

We present a novel complete system for machine-aided inventory. Our system covers automatic product identification using RFID, localization based on ambient sensors, the enrichment of raw RFID data with product information from ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) backend systems and real-time augmented reality (AR) visualization. We have integrated all of these components into a real-world demonstrator resembling a supermarket and successfully presented the system in the scope of an industry workshop.
High Energy Density All Solid State Asymmetric Pseudocapacitors Based on Free Standing Reduced Graphene Oxide-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Composite Aerogel Electrodes (2016)

Modern flexible consumer electronics require efficient energy storage devices with flexible free-standing electrodes. We report a simple and cost-effective route to a graphene-based composite aerogel encapsulating metal oxide nanoparticles for high energy density, free-standing, binder-free flexible pseudocapacitive electrodes. Hydrothermally synthesized Co3O4 nanoparticles are successfully housed inside the microporous graphene aerogel network during the room temperature interfacial gelation at the Zn surface. The resultant three-dimensional (3D) rGO-Co3O4 composite aerogel shows mesoporous quasiparallel layer stack morphology with a high loading of Co3O4, which offers numerous channels for ion transport and a 3D interconnected network for high electrical conductivity. All solid state asymmetric pseudocapacitors employing the composite aerogel electrodes have demonstrated high areal energy density of 35.92 μWh/cm(2) and power density of 17.79 mW/cm(2) accompanied by excellent cycle life.
Describing Colors, Textures and Shapes for Content Based Image Retrieval - A Survey (2015)

Visual media has always been the most enjoyed way of communication. From the advent of television to the modern day hand held computers, we have witnessed the exponential growth of images around us. Undoubtedly it's a fact that they carry a lot of information in them which needs be utilized in an effective manner. Hence intense need has been felt to efficiently index and store large image collections for effective and on- demand retrieval. For this purpose low-level features extracted from the image contents like color, texture and shape has been used. Content based image retrieval systems employing these features has proven very successful. Image retrieval has promising applications in numerous fields and hence has motivated researchers all over the world. New and improved ways to represent visual content are being developed each day. Tremendous amount of research has been carried out in the last decade. In this paper we will present a detailed overview of some of the powerful color, texture and shape descriptors for content based image retrieval. A comparative analysis will also be carried out for providing an insight into outstanding challenges in this field.
Serotyping Avian Adenoviruses by a Microneutralization Procedure (1977)

A microneutralization procedure, using chicken kidney cell monolayers as an indicator system, was developed and applied to the serotyping of isolates characterized as avian adenoviruses. The method was determined to be reproducible, since coefficients of variation were low for 12 replicate titrations of homologous reagents of 9 prototype avian adenoviruses. Prototype reagents were specific according to results of reciprocal end point-neutralization tests and comparison of antigenic relatedness, using results obtained by previous researchers. Forty-two avian adenovirus isolates were classified into 6 serotypes by one-side end point-neutralization tests against antiserums made to 9 prototype avian adenoviruses. An additional 20 isolates were antigenically related to prototype viruses, but they could not be specifically types with the typing criteria. Different serotypes were isolated from birds having similar clinical diagnostic signs and lesions of disease.
Antiviral Protein APOBEC3G Localizes to Ribonucleoprotein Complexes Found in P Bodies and Stress Granules (2006)

Members of the APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 1-like) family of cytidine deaminases inhibit host cell genome invasion by exogenous retroviruses and endogenous retrotransposons. Because these enzymes can edit DNA or RNA and potentially mutate cellular targets, their activities are presumably regulated; for instance, APOBEC3G (A3G) recruitment into high-molecular-weight ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes has been shown to suppress its enzymatic activity. We used tandem affinity purification together with mass spectrometry (MS) to identify protein components within A3G-containing RNPs. We report that numerous cellular RNA-binding proteins with diverse roles in RNA function, metabolism, and fate determination are present in A3G RNPs but that most interactions with A3G are mediated via binding to shared RNAs. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that substantial quantities of A3G localize to cytoplasmic microdomains that are known as P bodies and stress granules (SGs) and are established sites of RNA storage and metabolism. Indeed, subjecting cells to stress induces the rapid redistribution of A3G and a number of P-body proteins to SGs. Among these proteins are Argonaute 1 (Ago1) and Argonaute 2 (Ago2), factors that are important for RNA silencing and whose interactions with A3G are resistant to RNase treatment. Together, these findings reveal that A3G associates with RNPs that are found throughout the cytosol as well as in discrete microdomains. We also speculate that the interplay between A3G, RNA-silencing pathways, and cellular sites of RNA metabolism may contribute to A3G's role as an inhibitor of retroelement mobility and as a possible regulator of cellular RNA function.
Introduction (1987)

In 1763, the Duc de Choiseul, Minister to Louis XV, wrote to the President of the Board of Trade, pleading that: 'pour l'amour de Dieu, ne laissons pas les querrelles de pêcheurs dégénérer en querrelles de nations' (ed. Coleman, 1969, p. 80). During the intervening centuries progress in human civilisation has been so slow that the quarrels of fishermen continue to degenerate into quarrels between nations. These days, quarrels about fish have little economic significance though still a considerable political significance. But whether or not the competition between producers of different nationalities is in products of economic significance, it continues to generate rivalry between governments. Governments do not doubt that they have a role to play in support of their own producers. Governments believe that they should stimulate exports and discourage imports. Exports are good. Imports of manufactured goods are in part a measure of the failures of domestic industry, in part the reluctant price paid for the right to export. If the price can be reduced, so much the better. Choiseul's peaceful message has fallen on deaf ears.KeywordsFree TradeInvisible HandAdjustment PolicyBretton Wood SystemInternational Economic RelationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Kinematics of Signature Writing in Healthy Aging (2014)

Forensic document examiners (FDE) called upon to distinguish a genuine from a forged signature of an elderly person are often required to consider the question of age-related deterioration and whether the available exemplars reliably capture the natural effects of aging of the original writer. An understanding of the statistical relationship between advanced age and handwriting movements can reduce the uncertainty that may exist in an examiner's approach to questioned signatures formed by elderly writers. The primary purpose of this study was to systematically examine age-related changes in signature kinematics in healthy writers. Forty-two healthy subjects between the ages of 60-91 years participated in this study. Signatures were recorded using a digitizing tablet, and commercial software was used to examine the temporal and spatial stroke kinematics and pen pressure. Results indicated that vertical stroke duration and dysfluency increased with age, whereas vertical stroke amplitude and velocity decreased with age. Pen pressure decreased with age. We found that a linear model characterized the best-fit relationship between advanced age and handwriting movement parameters for signature formation. Male writers exhibited stronger age effects than female writers, especially for pen pressure and stroke dysfluency. The present study contributes to an understanding of how advanced age alters signature formation in otherwise healthy adults.
Intracutaneous injection of the macrophage‐activating lipopeptide‐2 (MALP‐2) which accelerates wound healing in mice – a phase I trial in 12 patients (2008)

Chronic skin ulcers, such as leg ulcers, pressure sores and diabetic foot ulcers, are a challenge to physicians and medical personnel and a cause of tremendous discomfort and ensuing loss of quality of life to the patients. Wound healing involves production and action of various growth factors. A novel approach, distinct from the application of single growth factors, is the administration of the macrophage stimulator macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2). The rationale is based on the finding that macrophages are the main source of several growth factors required for wound healing, which are sequentially released during this process. MALP-2 has previously been shown to be effective in an established animal model with diabetic mice. The purpose of the present phase I study was to establish tolerability of MALP-2 when applied into small cutaneous wounds in human beings. Twelve patients (six females and six males; mean age 66.8 years; range 52-87 years) with different diagnoses were enrolled into the study. An artificial wound was created with a 2-mm diameter skin biopsy punch and a volume of 30 microl MALP-2 (0.125-1 microg) or vehicle control, respectively, was injected intracutaneously into the wound and closed with a water-resistant transparent adhesive. Photos were taken daily from every patient up to 6 days, and skin biopsies were performed after 1 week from six patients. We could show in the present study for the first time that MALP-2 caused a transient erythema and was tolerated without any systemic side effects up to a dose of 1 microg per wound in human beings. In healthy as well as in diabetic patients, MALP-2 induced local inflammation that faded after 48 h. The effectiveness of MALP-2 in the healing of chronic wounds in humans, e.g. in chronic skin ulcers, such as leg ulcers, pressure sores and diabetic foot ulcers, could now be addressed in further studies.
Euclidean constraints for uncalibrated reconstruction (2002)

It is possible to recover the three-dimensional structure of a scene using images taken with uncalibrated cameras and pixel correspondences betweeen these images. But such reconstruction can only be performed up to a projective transformation of the 3-D space. Therefore, constraints have to be put on the reconstructed data to get the reconstruction in the Euclidean space. Such constraints arise from knowledge of the scene, such as the location of points, geometrical constraints on lines, etc. The kind of constraints that have to be added are discussed, and it is shown how they can be fed in a general framework. Experimental results on real data prove the feasibility, and experiments on simulated data address the accuracy of the results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DNA‐binding by Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Structural Requirements (2006)

A family of nanoparticles featuring surfaces of varying hydrophobicity was synthesized. The efficiency of DNA-binding was determined, demonstrating in a fivefold modulation in binding a 37-mer DNA strand. Nanoparticle-binding causes a reversible conformational change in the DNA structure, as demonstrated by circular dichroism and fluorescence experiments. Furthermore, the affinity of the nanoparticle for the DNA can be regulated by external agents, though stability of the complex is observed at relatively high ionic strengths.
Delay tolerant network for developing countries (2013)

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) allows data communication in a challenged network situation. Originally DTN was developed to be used in inter planetary network. Later on researchers found it suitable for developing system to deliver public services to the people living in the remote part of the developing countries. In the DTN architecture designed by IRTF researchers considered the disruptions in the communication channels due to contact out of site, long transmission delay, environmental interference, etc. In the DTN architecture the bundle protocol (BP) was defined to work in-between application layer and transport layers. To ensure source to destination guaranteed point-to-point delivery of the bundles (here bundle is a chunk of data clubbed together to be transported as a unit) BP has provision for end-to-end acknowledgement implemented through hop-to-hop custody transfer and acknowledge mechanism. In this case the acknowledge bundles also travels through the same communication channel. With 6 billion subscriber base, mobile phone network with text and voice service is available almost every corner of the globe. In this paper we propose a small modification of BP for sending acknowledgements through SMS over mobile phone network. Considering the prevailing road transportation network in Bangladesh this process will improve the performance of delivery by reducing the average delivery time 50%.