gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of protein concentration on the determination of digoxin in serum by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. (1984)

Determination of digoxin by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) with the Abbott "TDx" is significantly influenced by the concentration of total serum protein. Each 10 g/L increase in serum protein results in an 8% decrease in measured digoxin. Studies with [3H]digoxin confirmed that digoxin binds to the protein pellet during the trichloroacetic acid precipitation step before the immunoassay. Serum protein, or equal concentrations of albumin or gamma-globulin, exert an equivalent effect on the apparent digoxin value. Because the total protein concentration of the assay calibrators is low (50 g/L) compared with its reference interval in serum (60-80 g/L), results by FPIA may be expected to be low by an average of 16% (range, 8-24%). Digoxin results by FPIA will be most nearly accurate when the calibrators include a total protein concentration of about 70 g/L. Patients' specimens with abnormally high or low protein content will give falsely high or low results for digoxin.
Noninvasive Measurement of Total Serum Bilirubin in a Multiracial Predischarge Newborn Population to Assess the Risk of Severe Hyperbilirubinemia (2000)

Our data demonstrate the accuracy and reproducibility of the predischarge BiliCheck measurements in term and near-term newborn infants of diverse races and ethnicities. Infants with predischarge BiliCheck values above the 75th percentile of hour-specific TSB values on the bilirubin nomogram may be considered to be at high risk for subsequent excessive hyperbilirubinemia. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of this technique in preterm infants, those undergoing phototherapy, and those with TSB values of >/=15 mg/dL (>/=256 micromol/L).
An Analysis of Scaling Issues in MPLS-TE Core Networks (2009)

Traffic engineered Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS-TE) is deployed
in providers' core networks. As providers plan to grow these
networks, they need to understand whether existing protocols and
implementations can support the network sizes that they are planning.
This document presents an analysis of some of the scaling concerns for
the number of Label Switching Paths (LSPs) in MPLS-TE core networks,
and examines the value of two techniques (LSP hierarchies, and
multipoint-to-point LSPs) for improving scaling. The intention is to
motivate the development of appropriate deployment techniques and
protocol extensions to enable the application of MPLS-TE in large
networks. This document only considers the question of achieving
scalability for the support of point-to-point MPLS-TE LSPs. Point-to-
multipoint MPLS-TE LSPs are for future study.
Cricket: Sports injuries encountered on a five week international cricket tour (1999)

The injuries incurred by 16 international cricketers while on a 5 week tour have been recorded. The physiotherapy treatment for these injuries has also been briefly noted. The purpose of this article is to make the medical team managing a cricket team (or any touring sports team) more aware of the type and extent of common injuries to be expected on a tour. It was concluded that it is important to thoroughly screen each player before undertaking any tours of this nature to identify either present or past injuries. Therefore, a treatment / training programme for the players, with the aim of minimising the possibility of re-injury while on tour, can be advised.
Evaluating the accuracy of Java profilers (2010)

Performance analysts profile their programs to find methods that are worth optimizing: the "hot" methods. This paper shows that four commonly-used Java profilers ( xprof , hprof , jprofile, and yourkit ) often disagree on the identity of the hot methods. If two profilers disagree, at least one must be incorrect. Thus, there is a good chance that a profiler will mislead a performance analyst into wasting time optimizing a cold method with little or no performance improvement. This paper uses causality analysis to evaluate profilers and to gain insight into the source of their incorrectness. It shows that these profilers all violate a fundamental requirement for sampling based profilers: to be correct, a sampling-based profilermust collect samples randomly. We show that a proof-of-concept profiler, which collects samples randomly, does not suffer from the above problems. Specifically, we show, using a number of case studies, that our profiler correctly identifies methods that are important to optimize; in some cases other profilers report that these methods are cold and thus not worth optimizing.
Phosphoproteomics by mass spectrometry and classical protein chemistry approaches (2004)

The general fields of biological sciences have seen phenomenal transformations in the past two decades at the level of data acquisition, understanding biological processes, and technological developments. Those advances have been made partly because of the advent of molecular biology techniques (which led to genomics) coupled to the advances made in mass spectrometry (MS) to provide the current capabilities and developments in proteomics. However, our current knowledge that approximately 30,000 human genes may code for up to 1 million or more proteins disengage the interface between the genome sequence database algorithms and MS to generate a major interest in independent de novo MS/MS sequence determination. Significant progress has been made in this area through procedures to covalently modify peptide N- and C-terminal amino-acids by sulfonation and guanidination to permit rapid de novo sequence determination by MS/MS analysis. A number of strategies that have been developed to perform qualitative and quantitative proteomics range from 2D-gel electrophoresis, affinity tag reagents, and stable-isotope labeling. Those procedures, combined with MS/MS peptide sequence analysis at the subpicomole level, permit the rapid and effective identification and quantification of a large number of proteins within a given biological sample. The identification of proteins per se, however, is not always sufficient to interpret biological function because many of the naturally occurring proteins are post-translationally modified. One such modification is protein phosphorylation, which regulates a large array of cellular biochemical pathways of the biological system. Traditionally, the study of phosphoprotein structure-function relationships involved classical protein chemistry approaches that required protein purification, peptide mapping, and the identification of the phosphorylated peptide regions and sites by N-terminal sequence analysis. Recent advances made in mass spectrometry have clearly revolutionized the studies of phosphoprotein biochemistry, and include the development of specific strategies to preferentially enrich phosphoproteins by covalent-modifications that incorporate affinity tags that use the physicochemical properties of phosphoaminoacids. The phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-containing proteins/peptides are derivatized under base-catalyzed conditions by thiol agents; mono- and di-thiol reagents both have been used in such studies. The thiol agent may have: (i) an affinity tag for protein enrichment; (ii) stable-isotopic variants for relative quantitation; or (iii) a combination of the moieties in (i) and (ii). These strategies and techniques, together with others, are reviewed, including their practical application to the study of phosphoprotein biochemistry and structure-function. The consensus of how classical protein chemistry and current MS technology overlap into special case of proteomics, namely "phosphoproteomics," will be discussed.
Semicrystalline Polyesters Based on a Novel Renewable Building Block (2012)

Isohexides, like e.g. isosorbide, are well-known carbohydrate-based rigid diols which are capable of dramatically increasing the glass transition temperature of polyesters. However, their relatively low reactivity has thus far hampered large-scale industrial applications in the polymer field. Recently, with the aim to increase reactivity while at the same time retain rigidity, we have developed a new isoidide dicarboxylic acid (IIDCA) by transforming the secondary hydroxyls into carboxylate functionalities. Here we report the first polymers based on IIDCA and linear α,ω-diols. The novel polyesters were obtained via melt polymerization and exhibited weight-average molecular weights in the range of 13 000–34 000 g/mol and polydispersities close to 2.0. NMR analyses showed that the exo–exo configuration of the isoidide dicarboxylate units was preserved during synthesis. Both differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the IIDCA polyesters are semicrystalline materials. A systematic study on structure–thermal properties relations among relevant series of polyesters, such as isomeric polymers based on isoidide, revealed several interesting differences in melting and glass transition temperatures, which are thought to be related to variations in chain packing and free volume.
A Human–Robot Interface using Pointing with Uncalibrated Stereo Vision (1998)

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3D bifurcations characterization for intra-cranial aneurysms prediction (2019)

An aneurysm is a vascular disorder represented by a ballooning of a blood vessel. The blood vessel’s wall is distorted by the blood flow, and a bulge forms there. When ruptured, the aneurysm may cause irreversible damage and could even lead to premature death. Intra-cranial aneurysms are the ones presenting the higher risks. In this work, thanks to a graph based approach, we detect the bifurcations located on the circle of Willis within brain mice cerebral vasculature. Once properly located in the 3D stack, we characterize the cerebral arteries bifurcations, i.e. we gather several properties of the bifurcation, such as their angles, or area cross section, in order to further estimate geometrical patterns that can favor the risk of occurrence of an intra-cranial aneurysm. Effectively, apart from genetic predisposition, and environmental risk factors (high blood pressure, smoking habits, ...) the anatomical disposition of the brain vasculature may influence the chances of an aneurysm to form. Our objectives in this paper is to obtain accurate measurements on the 3D bifurcations.
Sodium Vapor Pressure Losses in a Multitube, Alkali-Metal Thermal-to-Electric Converter (1999)

A model was developed to calculate the vapor pressure losses and characterize the vapor flow regimes on the cathode side of a multitube, vapor-anode, alkali-metal thermal-to-electric converter (AMTEC) cell, with internal chevron's radiation shields. The dusty gas model was used to predict the vapor flow over a wide range of pressures, including the free-molecular, transition, and continuum flow regimes. Results showed that the vapor flow on the cathode side of a multitube AMTEC cell is typically in the transition regime, and that the pressure loss in the chevron's shield accounts for about 50% of the total pressure losses. An analysis is also performed to optimize the conical chevron's geometry for minimum pressure loss.
Precoding for Multiuser Orthogonal Space-Time Block-Coded OFDM: Mean or Covariance Feedback? (2007)

This work presents precoding design for error-rate improvement in closed-loop multiuser orthogonal space-time block-coded (OSTBC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) downlink, where both mean feedback and covariance feedback are available. We derive adaptive linear precoding and nonlinear Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) over a transmit-antenna-correlated, frequency-selective fading MIMO channel with estimation errors and feedback delay. In our precoder, mean-feedback precoding or covariance-feedback precoding, is adaptively chosen at the user terminal. The maximum achievable signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) is used as the precoding-mode selection criterion. Each user calculates the selection metric and decides whether mean feedback is necessary. We confirm the intuition that mean-feedback precoding offers BER gains over covariance-feedback precoding when mean feedback becomes sufficiently accurate. Our adaptive precoding outperforms either mean-feedback precoding or covariance-feedback precoding in multiuser OSTBC OFDM, and considerably reduces the bit error rate (BER). Non-linear adaptive precoding is shown to outperform linear adaptive precoding.
Azurin, <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Malaria and HIV/AIDS: Inhibition of Parasitic and Viral Growth by Azurin (2006)

Azurin, a member of a family of copper-containing proteins involved in electron transfer called cupredoxins, demonstrates structural features similar to the variable domains of the immunoglobulin superfamily members. An azurin-like protein called Laz with an additional N-terminal 39 amino acid peptide known as H.8 epitope is present on the surface of gonnococci and meningococci. We demonstrate that azurin, Laz and H.8-azurin can bind to the C-terminal cleavage product MSP1-19 of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and significantly reduce parasitemia. Azurin and Laz also bound strongly to HIV-1 gp120. Interestingly, azurin could not only bind to gp120 but also to the dendritic cell-specific adhesion receptor DC-SIGN, mimicking the functionality of the intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-3 with which it also binds avidly. Furthermore, these three proteins significantly suppressed HIV-1 growth in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and such suppression appeared to be occurring at an entry stage in the infection process. The presence of both antimalarial and antiretroviral activity in azurin, H.8-azurin and Laz makes these proteins, or peptides derived from them, potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of malaria, HIV-1 infections or coinfections with both P. falciparum and HIV-1.
A Case of Primary Hypothyroidism with Pituitary Enlargement and Abnormal Secretion of Growth Hormone and Prolactin (1995)

A case of primary hypothyroidism accompanied by pituitary enlargement and pituitary dysfunction is documented. A 27-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for further examination of pituitary enlargement. Endocrinological examination revealed that she had primary hypothyroidism. Her TSH level in serum was elevated to more than 300 microU/ml. She also had pituitary dysfunction such as hypersecretion of prolactin in response to TRH and paradoxical rise of GH to glucose load. Serum antibodies against the pituitary gland were negative. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination showed an enlarged pituitary gland extending to supraseller cistern, which was homogeneously enhanced after Gadolinium-DTPA treatment. Treatment with 50-100 micrograms of levothyroxine sodium normalized her thyroid function and secretion of GH and prolactin. In addition, periodic MRI examination demonstrated a gradual decrease in the size of the pituitary gland after the treatment. The above clinical course indicates that pituitary enlargement in this patient occurred as a result of primary hypothyroidism. The mechanism of the abnormal secretion of TSH, GH and prolactin secondary to primary hypothyroidism was discussed.
Nitrogen and carbon isotope composition of organic Fertilizers. (2013)

Synthetic (e.g. urea) and organic fertilizers (e.g. compost) differed markedly in N isotope composition and the greater the difference between organic and synthetic fertilizer the more robust will be the differentiation of crops and vegetable grown under different farming systems. The objective of this study was to compare nitrogen and carbon isotope composition of organic fertilizers and manures available for conventional and organic farming in Brazil. Seven samples of organic fertilizer, two of organo-mineral fertilizers and two of different animal manures were analyzed for nitrogen and carbon isotope composition (15N, 13C). Organic fertilizers and manure samples were enriched in 15N as expected. Using synthetic fertilizers as the primary material of organo-mineral fertilizer can imprint a low 15N value to the final product. Organic fertilizers, organo-mineral fertilizers and manures can have their organic feedstock differentiated using 13C. These are preliminary data of the isotopic composition of organic fertilizer in Brazil. Therefore, a wider survey of fertilizers and an experimental approach for organic- and organo-mineral fertilizer production is needed to elucidate the natural isotope variation of the array of available products.
Evaluating tactile feedback and direct vs. indirect stylus input in pointing and crossing selection tasks (2008)

We present a pair of experiments that explore the effects of tactile-feedback and direct vs. indirect pen input on pointing and crossing selection tasks. While previous work has demonstrated the validity of crossing as a useful selection mechanism for pen-based computing, those experiments were conducted using an indirect input device -- one in which the pen-input and display were separated. We investigate users' performance with pointing and crossing interfaces controlled via not only an indirect input device, but also a direct input device -- one in which the pen-input and display are co-located. Results show that direct input significantly outperforms indirect input for crossing selection, but the two modalities are essentially equivalent in pointing selection. A small amount of tactile feedback is shown to be beneficial for both pointing and crossing selection, most noticeably in crossing tasks when using direct input where visual feedback is often occluded by a hand or stylus.
The prognostic value of BAP1, PBRM1, pS6, PTEN, TGase2, PD-L1, CA9, PSMA, and Ki-67 tissue markers in localized renal cell carcinoma: A retrospective study of tissue microarrays using immunohistochemistry (2017)

pS6 and Ki-67 are significant prognostic factors of RCC; however, BAP1, PBRM1, TGase 2, PD-L1, CA9, PTEN loss, and PSMA markers did not show this association.
Multicast Recipient Maximization in IEEE 802.16j WiMAX Relay Networks (2009)

In this paper, we propose a resource-allocation scheme for multicast service in downlink transmission for IEEE 802.16j WiMax relay networks. Most existing algorithms try to minimize the total energy of a multicast tree. In contrast, we address the multicast recipient maximization (MRM) problem, which maximizes the total number of recipients with the given budget by adjusting the distribution of the allocated resource between the base station and the relay nodes. We prove that MRM is NP-complete and propose a polynomial-time scheme called dynamic station selection (DSS) to solve the problem based on the proposed auxiliary graph. Based on the provided lemmas, which serve as important guidelines for solving similar problems, we show that our heuristic algorithm has polynomial-time complexity and prove that its performance is bound to the optimum. The results of simulations demonstrate that, given different amounts of resource and variable channel conditions, the performance of DSS is always close to the optimum. Moreover, DSS more efficiently utilizes resources as the node density increases, resulting in more efficient resource allocation.
Intracellular Localization of Phospholipase D in Leaves and Seedling Tissues of Castor Bean (1996)

The intracellular distribution of phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) tissues was investigated by subcellular fractionation and by immuno-electron microscopy. Centrifugal fractionation revealed that most PLD in young leaves was soluble, whereas in mature leaves a majority of PLD was associated with microsomal membranes. Further separation of microsomal membranes by a two-phase partitioning system indicated that PLD was associated with both plasma and intracellular membranes. Sucrose gradient separation of intracellular membranes showed PLD present in the endoplasmic reticulum, a submicrosomal band, and in soluble fractions but not in mitochondria and glyoxysomes of postgermination endosperm. Immunocytochemical studies found high gold labeling in vacuoles in young leaves, suggesting that the high level of soluble PLD in young leaves is due to release of PLD from vacuoles during tissue disruption. In addition to the labeling in vacuoles, gold particles were also found in the cytoplasmic matrices and plasma membrane in leaves and in 2-d postgermination seedlings. Collectively, these results show that PLD in castor bean leaf and seedling tissues is localized in the vacuole and is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane and that the relative distribution between the soluble and membrane compartments changes during castor bean leaf development.
<title>Learning to annotate video databases</title> (2001)

Model-based approach to video retrieval requires ground-truth data for training the models. This leads to the development of video annotation tools that allow users to annotate each shot in the video sequence as well as to identify and label scenes, events, and objects by applying the labels at the shot-level. The annotation tool considered here also allows the user to associate the object-labels with an individual region in a key-frame image. However, the abundance of video data and diversity of labels make annotation a difficult and overly expensive task. To combat this problem, we formulate the task of annotation in the framework of supervised training with partially labeled data by viewing it as an exercise in active learning. In this scenario, one first trains a classifier with a small set of labeled data, and subsequently updates the classifier by selecting the most informative, or most uncertain subset of the available data-set. Consequently, propagation of labels to yet unlabeled data is automatically achieved as well. The purpose of this paper is primarily twofold. The first is to describe a video annotation tool that has been developed for the purpose of annotating generic video sequences in the context of a recent video-TREC benchmarking exercise. The tool is semi-automatic in that it automatically propagates labels to similar shots, which requires the user to confirm or reject the propagated labels. The second purpose is to show how active learning strategy can be potentially implemented in this context to further improve the performance of the annotation tool. While many versions of active learning could be thought of, we specifically report results on experiments with support vector machine classifiers with polynomial kernels.
Multiple calcium-mediated effector mechanisms regulate chloride secretory responses in T84-cells (1989)

Free cytosolic Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) has been implicated as a second messenger mediating the ion transport effects of carbachol, histamine, taurodeoxycholate, ionomycin, and 4-bromo-A23187 (4-BrA23187) in T84-cells. In this study, we correlated short-circuit current (Isc, reflective of Cl- secretion) and [Ca2+]i responses in T84-cell monolayers stimulated by these agents to evaluate the role of [Ca2+]i in Cl- secretory responses. Time-course studies showed that the duration of [Ca2+]i and Isc responses did not correlate with one another. Isc responses were more prolonged than [Ca2+]i responses with carbachol and histamine (both derived [Ca2+]i partly from intracellular sources), less prolonged than [Ca2+]i with taurodeoxycholate, and continued to increase after [Ca2+]i stabilized with ionomycin and 4-BrA23187. Isc and [Ca2+]i responses to histamine and carbachol were additive. A comparison of the magnitude of [Ca2+]i and Isc responses in cells stimulated by different agonists showed that the change in [Ca2+]i accompanying equivalent Isc responses varied greatly, suggesting that secretagogues vary in their dependency on [Ca2+]i. These findings suggest the existence of multiple [Ca2+]i-mediated effector mechanisms or the existence of multiple mediators that augment or attenuate the action of [Ca2+]i.