gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of CO2-loaded carbonate solution by reducing pressure. (1995)

For the purpose of developing a CO2 separation process for flue gas of low CO2 partial pressure, a vacuum regeneration method for an absorbent with low CO2-loading was experimentally investigated. Since additional energy is consumed for water vaporization accompanied by CO2 desorption in the regeneration step, reducing the generation of water vapor becomes important for energy saving. A solution of potassium or sodium carbonate and bicarbonate mixture was used as a model solution of CO2-loaded absorbent; a carbonate solution containing diethanolamine (DEA) was also examined. Rates of CO2 desorption and water vaporization were obtained under the operating conditions of various pressures and temperatures. The rate ratio of water vaporization to CO2 desorption became minimum at a pressure equal to the vapor pressure of water. The rate of CO2 desorption at this pressure increased with temperature until 343 K and the increase was minimal beyond this temperature. The desorption rate was enhanced by the addition of DEA to the carbonate solution, and the rate reached a maximum at a high DEA concentration.
Cortical Patterns of Pleasurable Musical Chills Revealed by High-Density EEG (2020)

Music has the capacity to elicit strong positive feelings in humans by activating the brain's reward system. Because group emotional dynamics is a central concern of social neurosciences, the study of emotion in natural/ecological conditions is gaining interest. This study aimed to show that high-density EEG (HD-EEG) is able to reveal patterns of cerebral activities previously identified by fMRI or PET scans when the subject experiences pleasurable musical chills. We used HD-EEG to record participants (11 female, 7 male) while listening to their favorite pleasurable chill-inducing musical excerpts; they reported their subjective emotional state from low pleasure up to chills. HD-EEG results showed an increase of theta activity in the prefrontal cortex when arousal and emotional ratings increased, which are associated with orbitofrontal cortex activation localized using source localization algorithms. In addition, we identified two specific patterns of chills: a decreased theta activity in the right central region, which could reflect supplementary motor area activation during chills and may be related to rhythmic anticipation processing, and a decreased theta activity in the right temporal region, which may be related to musical appreciation and could reflect the right superior temporal gyrus activity. The alpha frontal/prefrontal asymmetry did not reflect the felt emotional pleasure, but the increased frontal beta to alpha ratio (measure of arousal) corresponded to increased emotional ratings. These results suggest that EEG may be a reliable method and a promising tool for the investigation of group musical pleasure through musical reward processing.
Direct measurement of sarcomere length from isolated cardiac cells (1982)

Isolated cardiac muscle cells enzymatically digested with collagenase and hyaluronidase from whole rat myocardium demonstrate the characteristics of an intact membrane in that they tolerate millimolar concentrations of free Ca2+ and exhibit phasic contractions with electrical excitation. These isolated cells maintain their characteristic A-I band striation patterns when at rest or during contraction. An apparatus has been developed to directly image these cells with phase-contrast micrography onto a 1,728-element charge-coupled device photodiode array for rapid data storage in a digital computer. The digitized striation pattern profile was analyzed for individual and average sarcomere spacing. In isotonic media the average resting sarcomere length ranged from 1.77 to 1.91 micrometers in 13 cells, with a mean length of 1.83 +/- 0.12 micrometers. Electrically stimulated phasic contractions in three cells demonstrated a synchronous 20% decrease in sarcomere spacing to a mean of 1.51 micrometers. Striation spacing decreased under hypertonic stress but elongated only up to 1.93 micrometers in hypotonic solutions, suggesting that some internal elastic constraint exists that limits elongation of the cell.
A Critical Evaluation of the Thermophysical Properties of Mercury (1994)

For the use of a mercury column for precise pressure measurements—such as the pressurized 30 meter mercury-in-steel column used at the Van der Waals–Zeeman Laboratory for the calibration of piston gauges up to nearly 300 MPa—it is highly important to have accurate knowledge of such properties of mercury as density, isobaric secant and tangent volume thermal expansion coefficients, and isothermal secant and tangent compressibilities as functions of temperature and pressure. In this paper we present a critical assessment of the available information on these properties. Recommended values are given for the properties mentioned and, in addition, for properties derived from theses such as entropy, enthalpy, internal energy, and the specific heat capacities.
Speed optimization and bunkering in liner shipping in the presence of uncertain service times and time windows at ports (2016)

Recent studies in maritime shipping have concentrated on environmental and economic impacts of ships. In this regard, fuel is considered as one of the important factors for such impacts. In particular, the sailing speed of the vessels affects the fuel consumption directly. In this study, we consider a speed optimization problem in liner shipping, which is characterized by stochastic port times and time windows. The objective is to minimize the total fuel consumption while maintaining the schedule reliability. We develop a dynamic programing model by discretizing the port arrival times to provide approximate solutions. A deterministic model is presented to provide a lower bound on the optimal expected cost of the dynamic model. We also work on the effect of bunker prices on the liner service schedule. We propose a dynamic programing model for bunkering problem. Our numerical study using real data from a European liner shipping company indicates that the speed policy obtained by proposed dynamic model performs significantly better than the ones obtained by benchmark methods. Moreover, our results show that making speed decisions considering the uncertainty of port times will noticeably decrease fuel consumption cost.
Measurement of pH of distilled water (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurement of pH of distilled waterHubert L. Youmans Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 6, 429Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1972Published inissue 1 June 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ed049p429RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1703Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (381 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Activation of cerebral cytokine gene expression and its correlation with onset of reactive astrocyte and acute-phase response gene expression in scrapie (1994)

The pathogenesis of scrapie, a transmissible subacute spongiform encephalopathy, is unclear. However, certain aspects of the known cellular and molecular neuropathology in scrapie led us to hypothesize that cytokines could mediate cerebral pathological changes in this neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, expression of multiple cytokine genes in the brain and peripheral organs of scrapie-infected mice was examined. Late in the course of scrapie, expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and IL-1 beta mRNA was markedly increased in the brain but not the spleen, kidneys, or liver. In time course studies, scrapie-infected mice exhibited increased cerebral expression of the TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta mRNAs by week 15 postinoculation--a time point that coincided with the onset of clinical symptoms. Thereafter, the levels of these cytokine transcripts increased progressively to the terminal stages of of the disease (week 25). To determine the relationship of the increased cerebral expression of the cytokine mRNAs to the development of pathological changes in scrapie, we examined the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene (a marker for astrocytosis) and the murine acute-phase response gene homologous to the alpha 1-antichymotrypsin gene (designated EB22/5.3). Markedly increased expression of both the glial fibrillary acidic protein and EB22/5.3 mRNAs was observed in the brain but not the peripheral organs of scrapie-infected mice. The increased expression of both these gene products also occurred at week 15 of infection and, thereafter, increased progressively to the terminal stages of the disease. Therefore, infection of mice with scrapie resulted in significant increases in the expression of the TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta gene products, whose pattern correlated with the onset and development of molecular and clinical pathological changes. Since scrapie is known not to evoke an immune response, the present findings strongly suggest the existence of a localized cerebral host response to the agent during which proinflammatory cytokines could be key pathogenic mediators.
Effective image registration for motion estimation in medical imaging environments (2016)

Motion estimation is a key enabler for many advanced medical imaging / image analysis applications, and hence is of signiﬁcant clinical interest. In this thesis, we study image registration for motion estimation in medical imaging environments, and focus on two clinically interesting problems: 1) deformable respiratory motion estimation from dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imagings (MRIs), and 2) rigid-body object motion estimation (e.g., surgical devices, implants) from ﬂuoroscopic images. Respiratory motion is a major complicating factor in many image acquisition applications and image-guided interventions. Existing respiratory motion estimation methods typically rely on motion models learned from retrospective data, and therefore are vulnerable to unseen respiratory motion patterns. To address this limitation, we propose to use dynamic MRI acquisition protocol to monitor respiratory motion, and a scatter to volume registration method that can directly recover the dense motion ﬁelds from the dynamic MRI data without explicitly modeling the motion. The proposed method achieves signiﬁcantly higher motion estimation accuracy than the state-of-the-art methods in addressing varying respiratory motion patterns. Object motion estimation from ﬂuoroscopic images is an enabling technology for advanced image guidance applications for Image-Guided Therapy (IGT). Complex and time-critical clinical procedures typically require the motion estimation to be accurate, robust and real-time, which cannot be achieved by existing methods at the same time. We study 2-D/3-D registration for rigid-body object motion estimation to address the above challenges, and propose two new approaches to signiﬁcantly improve the robustness and computational efﬁciency of 2-D/3-D registration. We ﬁrst propose to use pre-generated canonical form Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs) to accelerate the DRR generation during intensity-based 2-D/3-D registration, which boosts the computational efﬁciency by ten-fold with little degradation in registration accuracy and robustness. We further demonstrate that the widely adopted intensity-based formulation for 2-D/3-D registration is ineffective, and propose a more effective regression-based formulation, solved using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The proposed regression-based approach achieves signiﬁcantly higher robustness, capture range and computational efﬁciency than state-of-the-art intensity-base approaches.
A biphasic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones using a simplified packed-bed microreactor (2009)

We demonstrate the preparation and characterization of a simplified packed-bed microreactor using an immobilized TEMPO catalyst shown to oxidize primary and secondary alcohols via the biphasic Anelli-Montanari protocol. Oxidations occurred in high yields with great stability over time. We observed that plugs of aqueous oxidant and organic alcohol entered the reactor as plugs but merged into an emulsion on the packed-bed. The emulsion coalesced into larger plugs upon exiting the reactor, leaving the organic product separate from the aqueous by-products. Furthermore, the microreactor oxidized a wide range of alcohols and remained active in excess of 100 trials without showing any loss of catalytic activity.
Expression and clinical significance of P-selection in epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissues (2011)

Objective To study the expression of P-selection in normal ovarian tissue,benign ovarian tumor,borderline epithelial ovarian tumor and epithelial ovarian carcinoma and its relationship to clinical and pathological features of epithelial ovarian carcinoma.Methods Randomly selecting surgical resection specimens in the China-Japan Union Hopsital of Jilin University and Central Hospital of Changchun between January 2008-October 2009,including 20 cases of normal ovarian tissue,20 cases of benign ovarian epithelial tumors 18 cases of borderline epithelial ovarian tumor and 60 cases of o epithelial ovarian carcinoma,using immunohistochemical method to stain tissues to detect the expression of P-selection.Results(1)P-selectin was all expressed in the membrane and cytoplasm in different types of ovarian tissue,and mainly expressed in the membrane,the positive expression rates of P-selectin were 10.0%,20.0%,27.8%,63.3% respecttively,according to the order of normal ovarian tissues,benign epithelial ovarian tumor,borderline epithelial ovarian tumor and epithelial ovarian carcinomas,the differences between the overall were statistically significant.(2)The positive expression rates of P-selectin in epithelial ovarian cancer increased,as surgical-pathologic staging progressed and histopathologic grade got higher,had no relationship with histological type.Conclusion(1)P-selectin may be involved in the occurrence and development of epithelial ovarian cancer,and plays an important role In the development of epithelial ovarian cancer.(2)The high P-selectin expression may promote the invasion and metastasis proeess of epithelial ovarian cancer,higher P-selectin expression,the higher the degree of malignancy,the worse the prognosis,the more easy to relapse.
Automatic Recognition of Geological and Geomorphological Forms from Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in the Exploitation of Data from SPOT (1987)

Many techniques of image processing have been developed to analyse more precisely geological information obtained from satellites. SPOT, which is a recent project in France, will furnish stereoscopic image, with good resolution of surfaces(20m 20m or 10m 10m), and give altitudes(DEM) which can be restored automatically. One of the researches for the exploitation of this data, intends to recognize and distinguish automatically the geomorphological forms, containing important geological information from DEM. Along which the information obtained obtained from image processing, it will play an important role in the understanding of the surface of the terrain. This study was carried out in collaboration with University of Paris-6 and Ecole National des Sciences Gographiques(Institute Gographique National of France: IGN).
Complete Genome Sequence of the Shrimp White Spot Bacilliform Virus (2001)

We report the first complete genome sequence of a marine invertebrate virus. White spot bacilliform virus (WSBV; or white spot syndrome virus) is a major shrimp pathogen with a high mortality rate and a wide host range. Its double-stranded circular DNA genome of 305,107 bp contains 181 open reading frames (ORFs). Nine homologous regions containing 47 repeated minifragments that include direct repeats, atypical inverted repeat sequences, and imperfect palindromes were identified. This is the largest animal virus that has been completely sequenced. Although WSBV is morphologically similar to insect baculovirus, the two viruses are not detectably related at the amino acid level. Rather, some WSBV genes are more homologous to eukaryotic genes than viral genes. In fact, sequence analysis indicates that WSBV differs from all known viruses, although a few genes display a weak homology to herpesvirus genes. Most of the ORFs encode proteins that bear no homology to any known proteins, either suggesting that WSBV represents a novel class of viruses or perhaps implying a significant evolutionary distance between marine and terrestrial viruses. The most unique feature of WSBV is the presence of an intact collagen gene, a gene encoding an extracellular matrix protein of animal cells that has never been found in any viruses. Determination of the genome of WSBV will facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of the WSBV virus and will also provide useful information concerning the evolution and divergence of marine and terrestrial animal viruses at the molecular level.
Identification of tissue‐specific genes in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue and differentially expressed genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray (2003)

Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed for isolation of tissue-specific genes in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue, by use of cDNAs from human adult nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue as tester and mixed cDNAs from esophagus, lung, liver, heart, stomach, spleen, skeletal muscle, kidney, and skin as drivers. Fourteen differentially expressed genes in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue were obtained. Among these genes, LPLUNC1 and SPLUNC1 were confirmed to be specifically expressed in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue and the trachea. A novel transcript of SPLUNC1, which we designate NASG, was found. We also combined SSH and cDNA microarray hybridization to identify genes whose expressions were altered in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We used NPC cell line HNE1 and primary human embryo nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in one SSH experiment, and NPC biopsies and normal adult nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue in another. Some 1,200 SSH inserts from four subtractive cDNA libraries were arrayed onto nylon membranes by use of robotic printing. Differential gene expression was verified by hybridizing of the membranes with radioactively labeled first-strand cDNA from NPC cell line HNE1, primary human embryo nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, NPC biopsies, and normal adult nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue. Seventeen differentially expressed genes in NPC were obtained. Among these genes, we identified SPLUNC1 and LPLUNC1 to be down-expressed in NPC biopsies (34/48, 33/48).
Machine learning based class level prediction of restaurant reviews (2017)

Nowadays with the proliferation of location aware technologies and smart phones people tend to give reviews for all types of products services and place them online. It is very important to extract knowledge or information occupies in the vast amount of available text reviews. For these, user's sentiment is also monumental. If any business owners want to take decision on future planning, they must consider their clients sentiment. In this research, we proposed a noble strategy to predict user sentiment from their online reviews given for a particular business by using supervised machine learning techniques. Our proposed machine learning model will give a hand to restaurant owners to identify their customer's feedback and market positions.
A kinetic study of the effect of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the Bioscreen disinfection method (1999)

Hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid at pH 4 were examined against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the published 'Bioscreen' technique of biocide analysis. The data were examined using either classical Chick-Watson (CW) log-linear disinfection kinetics or the empirical, non-linear time Hom model. In some cases, modelling the data with the classical CW method gave good linear correlations, in others, however, deviations from this model were observed. In such cases the Hom model proved an adequate descriptor of the data. The Bioscreen technique therefore gives data which can be analysed using the normal mechanistic and empirical models currently available.
High-power femtosecond fiber laser systems (2003)

Fiber laser systems offer unique properties for the amplification of ultrashort pulses to high powers. Two approaches are discussed, the amplification of linearly chirped parabolic pulses and a fiber based chirped pulse amplification system. Using the first method, we succeeded to generate 17-W average power of linearly chirped parabolic pulses at 75 MHz repetition rate and diffraction-limited beam quality in a large-mode-area ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier. The recompression of these pulses with an efficiency of 60% resulted in 80-fs pulses with a peak power of 1.7 MW. Furthermore, we report on a diode-pumped ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber based chirped pulse amplification system delivering 350-fs pulses, at 1060 nm wavelength, 75 MHz repetition rate and up to 60 W average power, corresponding to a peak power of 2.3 MW. Key element is a diffraction grating compressor consisting of highly efficient transmission gratings in fused silica allowing the recompression at this high power. Power scaling to the >100 W level is discussed.
Association between serum levels of Klotho and inflammatory cytokines in cardiovascular disease: a case-control study (2020)

Decrease in soluble anti-aging Klotho protein levels is associated to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diverse studies have shown a bidirectional relationship between Klotho and inflammation, a risk factor for the development of CVD. In this work we aimed to evaluate the association between Klotho and inflammatory cytokines levels in the context of human CVD.The study included 110 patients with established CVD and preserved renal function, and a control group of 22 individuals without previous history of cardiovascular events. Serum Klotho and IL10 levels were significantly lower in the CVD group. Inflammatory status, marked by the TNFα/IL10 ratio and the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, was significantly increased in the group of patients with established CVD. Soluble Klotho levels were directly correlated with eGFR (r=0.217) and IL10 (r=0.209) and inversely correlated with age (r=-0.261), CRP (r=-0.203), and TNFα/IL10 (r=-0.219). This association with TNFα/IL10 remained significant in age-matched subgroups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, smoking and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) constituted risk factors for the presence of CVD, while Klotho was a protective factor.In conclusion, in patients with established CVD, the reduction in soluble Klotho is associated with a pro-inflammatory status marked by lower IL10 concentrations and higher TNFα/IL10 ratio and CRP levels.