gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developing High Resolution Static and Dynamic Models for Waterflood History Matching and EOR Evaluation of a Middle Eastern Carbonate Reservoir (2012)

Abstract Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has become increasingly important to maintain and extend the production plateaus of existing oil reservoirs. Simulation models for EOR studies require the right level of spatial resolution to capture reservoir heterogeneity. Data acquired from the dedicated observation wells are essential in defining the required resolution to capture reservoir heterogeneity. For giant reservoirs with long production history, their full field models usually have grid block sizes that are of similar scale as the distance between injectors and observation wells, with the consequence of losing the value of the time lapse saturation logs from dedicated observation wells. Therefore, using high resolution sector models, especially from the part of the reservoir where static and dynamic data sets are rich, is a must. The objective of this paper is to present an improved and integrated reservoir characterization, modelling and water and gas injection history matching procedure of a giant Cretaceous carbonate reservoir in the Middle East. The applied workflow integrates geological, petrophysical, and dynamic data in order to understand the production history and the remaining oil saturation distribution in the reservoir. Large amounts of field data, including time lapse saturation logs from observation wells, have been collected over the last decades to provide insight into the sweep efficiency and flow paths of the injected water. Iterative simulations were performed to investigate different scenarios and various sensitivities with each iteration involving an update of the static model to honor both the dynamic and core/log data. While applying this iterative process it was also acknowledged that conventional core data (e.g. 1 plug per foot) may not capture the high permeability streaks in these heterogeneous reservoirs that control much of the reservoir flow behaviour, hence much denser plugging and core examination is required. In addition, permeability upscaling procedures need to take into account the fact that core plugs may not represent the effective permeability of the larger connected vuggy pore systems. The improved understanding of reservoir heterogeneity, the more robust reservoir characterization, and the improved history matching demonstrates that a better representation of reservoir dynamics is achieved. This provides a solid platform for designing and planning future EOR schemes.
When less can yield more – Computational preprocessing of MS/MS spectra for peptide identification (2009)

Abstract The effectiveness of database search algorithms, such as Mascot, Sequest and ProteinPilot is limited by the quality of the input spectra: spurious peaks in MS/MS spectra can jeopardize the correct identification of peptides or reduce their score significantly. Consequently, an efficient preprocessing of MS/MS spectra can increase the sensitivity of peptide identification at reduced file sizes and run time without compromising its specificity. We investigate the performance of 25 MS/MS preprocessing methods on various data sets and make software for improved preprocessing of mgf/dta‐files freely available from http://hci.iwr.uni‐heidelberg.de/mip/proteomics or http://www.childrenshospital.org/research/steenlab .
<b>Greenhouse evaluation of chemicals for control of powdery mildews</b> (1963)

SUMMARY Experiments in the greenhouse with surface‐active agents for control of apple and barley powdery mildews indicated that cationic compounds were of particular interest. On barley, significant protective disease control was given only by agents providing good wetting; on apple, even good wetting was not necessarily followed by good protection. Didecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and domiphen bromide were among the most effective agents, giving a high degree of protection at 0·05%; curative action on apple was extremely good even at 0·025%, especially by DDAB. The latter was outstanding among many fungicides for protection of strawberry foliage against powdery mildew in the greenhouse, but more prolonged protection was given by lime sulphur or dinocap in a late‐season field trial. DDAB caused no damage on foliage of any of these three host species, except on strawberry where a non‐ionic agent was also included in the formulation. But disease control was reduced when certain cationic agents, including DDAB, were used to formulate several pure fungitoxicants, e.g. captan or dodine acetate.
Cyclic AMP increases the release of parathyroid hormone‐related protein from a lung‐cancer cell line (1994)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of malignant hypercalcemia by stimulating bone resorption and/or renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. In cultured cancer cells, its production can be influenced by various factors or ions, but the regulation of its production is still poorly understood. We investigated the effects of stimulators of cAMP synthesis on PTHrP release by a human lung squamous-carcinoma cell line (BEN). In superfused cells grown on microcarrier beads, PTHrP production was significantly increased after incubation with calcitonin for only 20 min. The release of immunoreactive and bioactive PTHrP was increased by incubating the cells with forskolin, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine or dibutyryl cAMP even in the presence of the protein-synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide for 6 hr. The calcitonin-mediated stimulation was not accompanied by concomitant changes in PTHrP mRNA. The microfilament-disrupter cytochalasin D was shown to enhance the basal and calcitonin-induced production of PTHrP. These results indicate that stimulators of cAMP synthesis enhanced PTHrP release by BEN cells.
Kinetics of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of High Explosives RDX and HMX in Aqueous Solution and Adsorbed to Activated Carbon (1996)

Aqueous alkaline hydrolysis of bulk quantities and wastewater contaminated with high explosives is a promising technology for treatment and disposal of the worldwide surplus of munitions. We investigated the hydrolysis kinetics of the high explosives hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) for temperatures ranging from 50 to 80 °C and in the pH range from 10 to 12. The experimental data were described using a pseudo-first-order model with subsequent calculation of second-order rate constants from experiments with excess hydroxide concentration. The temperature dependency of the rate constants was evaluated using the Arrhenius model. The activation energies were determined to be ERDX = 99.9 ± 1.9 kJ mol-1 and EHMX = 111.9 ± 0.8 kJ mol-1. The rate of HMX hydrolysis is much slower than the rate of RDX hydrolysis and may become rate limiting in the treatment of RDX/HMX mixtures. The alkaline hydrolysis of RDX yields 1.6 M NO2-, 1.5 M HCOO-, 0.1 M CH3COO-, 1.1 M HCHO (11), 0.9 M NH3, 1.1 M N2O, and 0.34 M N2 per mol of RDX hydrolyzed. Acetate ion (CH3COO-) is a previously unknown end product of the alkaline hydrolysis of RDX. A mass balance showed a recovery of 94% carbon and 90% nitrogen. During GC/MS analysis of the end products, no further unknown products could be found. In batch desorption studies, it was also shown that RDX-laden activated carbon can be regenerated using alkaline hydrolysis (T = 80 °C, pH 12) and that the desorption of the hydrolysis products is complete.
Optimizing the Functionality of Clients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2004)

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a major cause of severe vision loss and blindness among older people. This condition is progressive, incurable, and significantly compromises central vision. Rehabilitation nurses have a pivotal role in the assessment and management of clients with ARMD. An understanding of incidence and pathophysiology of ARMD, as well as health promotion and a new treatment for ARMD can help rehabilitation nurses design interventions to help clients maintain an acceptable quality of life despite declining vision.
Test Equipment and Methods at The 3M Company Diesel Filter Products Laboratory (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Five areas of test methods and equipment as used at The 3M Company Diesel Filter Products Laboratory are discussed. These include:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">1.</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel particulate sampling,</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">2.</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Data acquisition and process control,</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">3.</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Durability evaluation,</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">4.</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Exhaust gas flow rate measurement, and</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">5.</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine test benches.</div></li> </ol> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">These methods and equipment, among others, enable performance and durability evaluation of diesel particulate traps.</div>
Effects of Carbon Monoxide Inhalation during Experimental Endotoxemia in Humans (2004)

Abstract Data show that carbon monoxide (CO) exerts direct antiinflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo after LPS challenge in a mouse model. We hypothesized that CO may act as an antiinflammatory agent in human endotoxemia. The aim of this trial was to study the effects of CO inhalation on cytokine production during experimental human endotoxemia. The main study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, two-way cross-over trial in healthy volunteers. Each volunteer inhaled synthetic air (as placebo) and 500 ppm CO for 1 hour in random order with a washout period of 6 weeks and received a 2-ng/kg intravenous bolus of LPS after inhalation. Carboxyhemoglobin levels were assessed as a safety parameter. CO inhalation increased carboxyhemoglobin levels from 1.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.4%) to peak values of 7.0% (95% confidence interval, 6.5 to 7.7%). LPS infusion transiently increased plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 (approximately 150-fold increases), and IL-8, as well as IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA levels (an approximately 200-fold increase). These LPS-induced changes were not influenced by CO inhalation. Inhalation of 500 ppm CO for 1 hour had no antiinflammatory effects in a systemic inflammation model in humans, as 250 ppm for 1 hour did in rodents.
Studies on binaural and monaural signal analysis methods and applications (2012)

Sound signals can contain a lot of information about the environment and the sound sources present in it. This thesis presents novel contributions to the analysis of binaural and monaural sound signals. Some new applications are introduced in this work, but the emphasis is on analysis methods. The three main topics of the thesis are computational estimation of sound source distance, analysis of binaural room impulse responses, and applications intended for augmented reality audio. \n A novel method for binaural sound source distance estimation is proposed. The method is based on learning the coherence between the sounds entering the left and right ears. Comparisons to an earlier approach are also made. It is shown that these kinds of learning methods can correctly recognize the distance of a speech sound source in most cases. \n Methods for analyzing binaural room impulse responses are investigated. These methods are able to locate the early reflections in time and also to estimate their directions of arrival. This challenging problem could not be tackled completely, but this part of the work is an important step towards accurate estimation of the individual early reflections from a binaural room impulse response. \n As the third part of the thesis, applications of sound signal analysis are studied. The most notable contributions are a novel eyes-free user interface controlled by finger snaps, and an investigation on the importance of features in audio surveillance. \n The results of this thesis are steps towards building machines that can obtain information on the surrounding environment based on sound. In particular, the research into sound source distance estimation functions as important basic research in this area. The applications presented could be valuable in future telecommunications scenarios, such as augmented reality audio.
A DNA Vaccine Prime Followed by a Liposome-Encapsulated Protein Boost Confers Enhanced Mucosal Immune Responses and Protection (2008)

A variety of DNA vaccine prime and recombinant viral boost immunization strategies have been developed to enhance immune responses in humans, but inherent limitations to these strategies exist. There is still an overwhelming need to develop safe and effective approaches that raise broad humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses systemically and on mucosal surfaces. We have developed a novel mucosal immunization regimen that precludes the use of viral vectors yet induces potent T cell responses. Using hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg), we observed that vaccination of BALB/c mice with an i.m. HBsAg-DNA vaccine prime followed by an intranasal boost with HBsAg protein encapsulated in biologically inert liposomes enhanced humoral and T cell immune responses, particularly on mucosal surfaces. Intranasal live virus challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HBsAg revealed a correlation between T cell immune responses and protection of immunized mice. A shortened immunization protocol was developed that was successful in both adult and neonatal mice. These results support the conclusion that this new approach is capable of generating a Th-type-1-biased, broad spectrum immune response, specifically at mucosal surfaces. The success of this design may provide a safe and effective vaccination alternative for human use.
Clostridium pascui sp. nov., a New Glutamate-Fermenting Sporeformer from a Pasture in Pakistan (1997)

Four strains of an obligately anaerobic spore-forming bacterium were isolated from soil samples from a donkey pasture in Pakistan. Comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis demonstrated that the strains are members of phylogenetic cluster I of the genus Clostridium (Collins et al. 1994). The strains are mesophilic, nonsaccharolytic, and nonproteolytic, utilize glutamate and histidine, and produce indole. Acetate, butyrate, ethanol, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide are the products of fermentation. Although the strains phenotypically resemble the classical glutamate-fermenting clostridia, such as Clostridium cochlearium, Clostridium tetanomorphum, Clostridium tetani, and especially Clostridium malenominatum, they differ from these organisms in sugar utilization, cellular fatty acid composition, and cellular protein pattern and by a 16S rRNA sequence divergence value of approximately 4 to 8%. Phylogenetically, the strains are more closely related to Clostridium estertheticum (sequence divergence, approximately 5%) and Clostridium subterminale (sequence divergence, approximately 5%) but are phenotypically readily distinguished from these species. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic criteria, we conclude that the four strains are members of a new species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium pascui is proposed. The type strain is strain Cm19 (= DSM 10365).
Role of cannabis in cardiovascular disorders (2017)

The growing popularity of medical and recreational consumption of cannabis, especially among the youth, raises immediate concerns regarding its safety and long-terms effects. The cardiovascular effects of cannabis are not well known. Cannabis consumption has been shown to cause arrhythmia including ventricular tachycardia, and potentially sudden death, and to increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). These effects appear to be compounded by cigarette smoking and precipitated by excessive physical activity, especially during the first few hours of consumption. Cannabinoids, or the active compounds of cannabis, have been shown to have heterogeneous effects on central and peripheral circulation. Acute cannabis consumption has been shown to cause an increase in blood pressure, specifically systolic blood pressure (SBP), and orthostatic hypotension. Cannabis use has been reported to increase risk of ischemic stroke, particularly in the healthy young patients. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is currently considered as a promising therapeutic target in the management of several disease conditions. Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are being increasingly investigated for their therapeutic effects; however, the value of their benefits over possible complications remains controversial. Despite the considerable research in this field, the benefits of cannabis and its synthetic derivatives remains questionable even in the face of an increasingly tolerating attitude towards recreational consumption and promotion of the therapeutic complications. More efforts are needed to increase awareness among the public, especially youth, about the cardiovascular risks associated with cannabis use and to disseminate the accumulated knowledge regarding its ill effects.
Fundamentals of biotechnology (1987)

Part I: Introduction Biotechnology: History, Processes and Products Part II: Fundamentals of Biotechnology Microorganisms: Biology and Genetic Procedures for Strain Improvement The Metabolism of Microorganisms Secondary Metabolism Plant and Animal Cell Culture Bioreactors Biological Regulation and Process Control Part III: Processes and Products Biotechnological Processes for the Manufacture of Foodstuffs and Fodders Fermentation Processes: Ethanol, Wine, Beer Primary Metabolites Enzymes Antibiotics and Other Secondary Metabolites Biotransformations Production of Microbial Biomass Environmental Biotechnology Microbial Leaching Economic Aspects of Fermentation Processes Appendix I: Journals, Periodicals, Reviews Appendix II: Biotechnological Abbreviations, Formulas and Symbols Appendix III: Laws, Guidelines and Instructions Appendix IV: Basic Information for Working in Biotechnology Appendix V: Manufacturing Firms Appendix VI: Products from Biotechnological Processes.
An overview of the Kyushu University reconfigurable parallel processor (1988)

As a testbed to investigate systemwide aspects of highly parallel processing, a reconfigurable parallel processor system is currently developed at the Kyushu University in Japan. The system is a MIMD- type multiprocessor which consists of N processing-elements (currently N is 128) fully connected by S N&times;N crossbar networks (currently S is 1). Each processing-element (PE) employs a Fujitsu SPARC MB86900/10 chip-set, a Weitek WTL1164/65 chip-set and 4 Mbytes of memory. Although memory are organized to be distributed among all PEs, the system can be reconfigured as either a memory-shared tightly coupled multiprocessor or a message-passing loosely coupled multiprocessor at run time; also as a hybrid of the two. The crossbar network allows users to take arbitrary topologies for inter-PE (i.e. processor-memory and/or processor-processor) paths under software control of an operating system. The parallel/distributed operating system is also under development to exploit parallelism by making the best of reconfigurability. The full 128-PE configuration will provide up to 1.28 GIPS, 205 MFLOPS (single precision LINPACK), 141 MFLOPS (double precision LINPACK), 512 Mbytes of memory and 1.28 Gbytes/s inter-PE communication. This paper outlines the reconfigurable network and memory architectures among several unique architectural features of the reconfigurable parallel processor.
A 0.016 mm2 12 b $\Delta \Sigma $ SAR With 14 fJ/conv. for Ultra Low Power Biosensor Arrays (2017)

The instrumentation systems for implantable brain- machine interfaces represent one of the most demanding applications for ultra low-power analogue-to-digital-converters (ADC) to date. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a ΔΣSAR topology for very large sensor arrays that allows an exceptional reduction in silicon footprint by using a continuous time 0-2MASH topology. This configuration uses a specialized FIR window to decimate the ΔΣ modulator output and reject mismatch errors from the SAR quantizer, which mitigates the overhead from dynamic element matching techniques commonly used to achieve high precision. A fully differential prototype was fabricated using 0.18 μm CMOS to demonstrate 10.8 ENOB precision with a 0.016 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> silicon footprint. Moreover, a 14 fJ/conv figure-of-merit can be achieved, while resolving signals with the maximum input amplitude of ±1.2 Vpp sampled at 200 kS/s. The ADC topology exhibits a number of promising characteristics for both high speed and ultra low-power systems due to the reduced complexity, switching noise, sampling load, and oversampling ratio, which are critical parameters for many sensor applications.
Histopathology‐guided mass spectrometry differentiates benign nevi from malignant melanoma (2019)

HGMS proteomic analysis is an objective and reliable test with minimal tissue requirements, which can be a helpful ancillary test in the diagnosis of challenging melanocytic lesions.
3D displacement field reconstruction from planar tagged cardiac MR images (2002)

A major problem in cardiac imaging is the measurement of cardiac motion for identification of ischemic and infarcted tissues. W.G. O'Dell et al. (J. Magn. Reson. Imag., vol.3(p), p.208, 1993) have recently proposed a method that uses magnetic resonance tag patterns to measure the 3D displacement field of the myocardium. The measurements are sparse, however, and interpolation is required to reconstruct a dense displacement field. Here, the authors propose a method for computing a dense displacement field on a regular 3D lattice from sparse displacement measurements. This method uses a multidimensional stochastic model for the true displacement field and the Fisher estimation framework to estimate a displacement vector at each point the lattice. Simulation results are presented that demonstrate the accuracy of the authors' technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>