gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly ordered monocrystalline silver nanowire arrays (2002)

Highly ordered silver nanowire arrays have been obtained by pulsed electrodeposition in self-ordered porous alumina templates. Homogeneous filling of all the pores of the alumina template is achieved. The interwire distance is about 110 nm corresponding to a density of silver nanowires of 61×109 in.−2 and the diameter can be varied between 30 and 70 nm. The silver wires are monocrystalline with some twin lamella defects and grow perpendicular to the 〈110〉 direction. The previously encountered difficulty to obtain 100% filling of the alumina pores is discussed in the framework of electrostatic instabilities taking into account the different potential contributions during electrodeposition. To obtain homogeneously filled pore membranes, a highly conductive metal containing electrolyte, a homogeneous aluminum oxide barrier layer, and pulsed electrodeposition are a prerequisite.
CapStart: An Adaptive TCP Slow Start for High Speed Networks (2009)

In this document, we introduce Cap Start TCP, an adaptive Slow Start scheme that consistently achieves fast TCP file transfer times regardless of high speed network scenario. Once the TCP session is established, we estimate TCP session path capacity scenario, and tune the transport protocol to deliver fast transfer times. We demonstrate significant transaction performance improvements, of as much as three times faster completion times in transcontinental high speed network experiments for various capacity scenarios.
Contour map representation through augmented reality (2012)

This document proposes a set of processes necessary to convert a 2D topographic map into 3D information. First of all, the image information has to be processed in order to be translated into a digital format. This processing is formed by some sub-steps: image processing, acquisition of the image information (contour lines), contour line processing and number recognition (elevation numbers). The output of these processes could be displayed using either 2D or 3D data. The first can be represented through the same contour map but showing the elevation values by means of a colour range. Otherwise, the relief will be illustrated using a 3D mesh, which can be directly displayed or employing marker-based augmented reality.
Some of the main topics included in this document are: image processing, optical character recognition and augmented reality.
Growth Substrate- and Phase-Specific Expression of Biphenyl, Benzoate, and C <sub>1</sub> Metabolic Pathways in <i>Burkholderia xenovorans</i> LB400 (2005)

Recent microarray experiments suggested that Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, a potent polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-degrading bacterium, utilizes up to three apparently redundant benzoate pathways and a C(1) metabolic pathway during biphenyl and benzoate metabolism. To better characterize the roles of these pathways, we performed quantitative proteome profiling of cells grown on succinate, benzoate, or biphenyl and harvested during either mid-logarithmic growth or the transition between the logarithmic and stationary growth phases. The Bph enzymes, catabolizing biphenyl, were approximately 16-fold more abundant in biphenyl- versus succinate-grown cells. Moreover, the upper and lower bph pathways were independently regulated. Expression of each benzoate pathway depended on growth substrate and phase. Proteins specifying catabolism via benzoate dihydroxylation and catechol ortho-cleavage (ben-cat pathway) were approximately an order of magnitude more abundant in benzoate- versus biphenyl-grown cells at the same growth phase. The chromosomal copy of the benzoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) (box(C)) pathway was also expressed during growth on biphenyl: Box(C) proteins were approximately twice as abundant as Ben and Cat proteins under these conditions. By contrast, proteins of the megaplasmid copy of the benzoyl-CoA (box(M)) pathway were only detected in transition-phase benzoate-grown cells. Other proteins detected at increased levels in benzoate- and biphenyl-grown cells included general stress response proteins potentially induced by reactive oxygen species formed during aerobic aromatic catabolism. Finally, C(1) metabolic enzymes were present in biphenyl-grown cells during transition phase. This study provides insights into the physiological roles and integration of apparently redundant catabolic pathways in large-genome bacteria and establishes a basis for investigating the PCB-degrading abilities of this strain.
Feasibility of an Electrochemical Membrane Reactor for the Partial Oxidation of <i>n</i>-Butane to Maleic Anhydride (2004)

The feasibility of n-butane partial oxidation to maleic anhydride (MA) over vanadium phosphorus oxide catalysts in an electrochemical membrane reactor in which an oxygen-ion-conducting electrolyte was used as the membrane was studied. Butane oxidation and oxygen separation were carried out simultaneously on the opposite surfaces of the membrane, and the oxygen flux transferred across the membrane was controlled by the external current between the two electrodes. At 751 K and with a current of 40 mA, the conversion of butane was 15−16%, and the selectivity to MA was about 39%. The selectivity and yield of MA increased with increasing applied current. The optimal reaction temperature was 750 ± 5 K, as a compromise among the ionic conductivity of the membrane, the polarization resistances of the electrodes, and the selectivity and the yield of MA.
NNCubes: Learned Structures for Visual Data Exploration. (2018)

Visual exploration of large multidimensional datasets has seen tremendous progress in recent years, allowing users to express rich data queries that produce informative visual summaries, all in real time. Techniques based on data cubes are some of the most promising approaches. However, these techniques usually require a large memory footprint for large datasets. To tackle this problem, we present NeuralCubes: neural networks that predict results for aggregate queries, similar to data cubes. NeuralCubes learns a function that takes as input a given query, for instance, a geographic region and temporal interval, and outputs the result of the query. The learned function serves as a real-time, low-memory approximator for aggregation queries. NeuralCubes models are small enough to be sent to the client side (e.g. the web browser for a web-based application) for evaluation, enabling data exploration of large datasets without database/network connection. We demonstrate the effectiveness of NeuralCubes through extensive experiments on a variety of datasets and discuss how NeuralCubes opens up opportunities for new types of visualization and interaction.
USER friendly DNA recombination (USERec): a simple and flexible near homology-independent method for gene library construction (2009)

USER friendly DNA recombination (USERec) is introduced as a near homology-independent method that allows the simultaneous recombination of an unprecedented number of 10 DNA fragments (approximately 40-400 bp) within a day. The large number of fragments and their ease of preparation enables the creation of libraries of much larger genetic diversity (potentially approximately 10(10)-10(11) sequences) than current alternative methods based on DNA truncation (ITCHY, SCRATCHY and SHIPREC) or type IIb restriction enzymes (SISDC). At the same time, the frequency of frameshifts in the recombined library is low (90% of the recombined sequences are in frame). Compared to overlap extension PCR, USERec also requires much reduced crossover sequence constraints (only a 5'-AN(4-8)T-3' motif) and fewer experimental steps. Based on its simplicity and flexibility, and the accessibility of large and high quality recombined DNA libraries, USERec is established as a convenient alternative for the combinatorial assembly of gene fragments (e.g. exon or domain shuffling) and for a number of applications in gene library construction, such as loop grafting and multi-site-directed or random mutagenesis.
Gastro-intestinal Pacing* (1963)

Bilgutay, Aydin M. M.D.; Wingrove, Robert B.E.E.; Griffen, Ward O. M.D.; Bonnabeau, Raymond C. Jr. M.D.; Lillehei, Walton C. Ph.D., M.D. Author Information
학교폭력 현황 및 영향요인에 관한 연구 (2006)

최근의 학교폭력은 조직화, 흉폭화, 반인륜적인 실태로 나타나고 있으며 학교폭력의 유형도 과거와 다르게 다양화(사이버 폭력, 집단따돌림 등)와 함께 학교폭력의 대상 연령도 저연령화되고 있다.   또한, 청소년범죄자는 성인범죄로 발전할 가능성이 커 더욱 문체가 심각하다 하겠다....
COHERENT FM DOPPLER SYSTEM (1989)

A new Doppler approach to measuring the velocity of moving scatterers is presented. The technique is based on repetitive phase coherent linear sweep signals (chirps) andpromises to combine the high SIN ratio of CW Doppler with the ability to provide range information of PW Doppler. Separate transmitting and receiving transducers are used. The received signal is demodulated with a frequency (or time) shifed version of the transmitted signal, followed by a stationary echo canceller for removing of echoes from stationary reflectors. By appropriate choice of frequency shw and bandwidth of the lowpass filter, information )%om a small measuring volume, at a given depth, can be extracted. The position and velocity of each scatterer is encoded into the received chirp; specifically the velocity is uniquely related to the Doppler shifted sweep-rate of the output signalfrom the stationary echo-canceller.
Mutual Authentication and Trust Bootstrapping towards Secure Disk Encryption (2014)

The weakest link in software-based full disk encryption is the authentication procedure. Since the master boot record must be present unencrypted in order to launch the decryption of remaining system parts, it can easily be manipulated and infiltrated by bootkits that perform keystroke logging; consequently, password-based authentication schemes become attackable. The current technological response, as enforced by BitLocker, verifies the integrity of the boot process by use of the trusted platform module. But, as we show, this countermeasure is insufficient in practice. We present STARK, the first tamperproof authentication scheme that mutually authenticates the computer and the user in order to resist keylogging during boot. To achieve this, STARK implements trust bootstrapping from a secure token to the whole PC. The secure token is an active USB drive that verifies the integrity of the PC and indicates the verification status by an LED to the user. This way, users can ensure the authenticity of the PC before entering their passwords.
Capillary Electrochromatography as a Method Development Tool for the Liquid Chromatographic Separation of DUP 654 and Related Substances (1998)

Capillary Electrochromatography (CEC) offers a rapid, economical, and efficient means for resolving nonionic compounds in the reversed phase mode on octadecylsilane (ODS) columns. A CEC optimization on a Hypersil ODS capillary column was employed to identify a suitable mobile phase for the pressure-driven (reversed phase ODS) separation of the anti-inflammatory 2-phenylmethyl-1-naphthol (DUP 654), and its related substances. The proportions of mobile phase modifiers methanol, acetonitrile, and water as well as pH were employed as variables in a stacked mixture design. Comparable response surface profiles were obtained for the CEC separations at pH 4 and pH 8. However, subtle differences were evident in the quality of separations obtained in the liquid chromatographic (LC) mode when using a specially-prepared column packed with exactly the same stationary phase as used in the CEC experiments. A mapping of the response surface for separations on a commercially available Hypersil ODS LC column revealed obvious differences. The differences indicate that the transfer of ODS based separation methods between CEC and LC involves more than simply transferring the conditions from one mode to the other.
The dependence of detection system performance on fence construction and detector location (2002)

There is little published data to show how intruder detection system performance is affected by the construction of the fence or by the position the sensor is mounted on the fence. We compare false alarm data for sensors mounted either on a double welded-mesh fabric or single welded-mesh clad with a steel sheet. Each fence construction is used on the Prison estate for England and Wales. We study false alarm data taken over a 6 month period for four different detection systems. We consider how false alarm rates are affected by wind and the presence of wildlife; and look at time between alarms, and the percentage of alarm free days for each fence. We also analyse data from two detection systems each installed at both the bottom and top of each fence with a view to identifying: whether the positioning of detection systems both at the top and bottom are necessary to detect cutting and climbing attacks; whether mounting the upper sensor in the coil is effective in detecting attacks; and whether the top or bottom of the fence is more susceptible to false alarms.
Spray Characteristics of Plain-Jet Airblast Atomizers (1983)

The effects of air and liquid properties, and atomizer dimensions, on the spray characteristics of plain-jet airblast atomizers are examined. Mean drop size and drop-size distribution are measured using an improved form of light scattering technique. The test range includes wide variations in air velocity, air pressure, air/liquid ratio, and liquid viscosity. The experimental data generally confirm the results of previous studies on prefilming types of airblast atomizers. They show that increases in air velocity, air pressure and air/liquid ratio all tend to produce a more uniform spray and a lower mean drop size. It is also observed that any change in air properties, liquid properties and atomizer geometry that lowers the mean drop size also produces a more uniform distribution of drop sizes in the spray.
Recovery of Immune Responsiveness after Cessation of Thoracic Duct Drainage in Calves and Man (1970)

Graber, C. D. Ph.D.; Fitis, C. T. M.D.; Williams, A. V. M.D.; Artz, C. P. M.D.; Othersen, H. B. M.D. Author Information
How to select adhesive materials for temporary bonding and de-bonding of 200mm and 300mm thin-wafer handling for 3D IC integration? (2011)

Handling and shipping thin wafers (≤200μm) through all the semiconductor fabrication and packaging assembly processes are very difficult since thin wafers lose the supporting strength. Usually, the thin wafer is attached to a supporting wafer with adhesive to increase its rigidity and bending stiffness. Thus, adhesive is the key enabling material for thin-wafer handling, and how to select adhesive materials for temporary bonding and de-bonding is the focus in this study. Two sizes of wafers are considered; the 200mm wafers are used to find out the important and unimportant parameters in selecting the adhesive and then apply them to the 300mm wafers. It will be shown that wafer thinning and PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) in vacuum chamber are the two critical steps for thin-wafer handling. The 300mm wafers are thinned down to 50μm and evaluated in different structures including: (a) blanket wafers, (b) wafers with 80μm solder bumps, and (c) wafers with 20μm micro-bumps and TSVs in 10μm diameter and 40~50μm pitch. Based on this study, a set of useful process guidelines and recommendations is provided.
An Algorithm for Infrared Image Recognition Based on Gabor Wavelet and Neural Network (2003)

First we preprocess the original infrared image properly, extract features from infrared image using composite filter which is the linear combination of real Gabor wavelet filters, using neural network manage to achieve the best parameters of composite filter in order to gain the best feature vectors. We do computer simulating experiments with two classes of low contrast infrared image (these images have two opposite direction-left and right), and get better results of recognition.
Protective spectacles for retinitis pigmentosa patients. (1976)

On the hypothesis that ophthalmic filters with appropriate light transmission characteristics may be beneficial in retarding the progress of retinal degeneration in early retinitis pigmentosa, the characteristics of several plastic and glass filters have been evaluated. A dark brown plastic goggle has been found which meets the theoretical criteria previously postulated for such protection. Its characteristics and those of other filters are compared with a lens which was specially designed for RP protection and was previously reported on by Adrian and Schmidt.
Acerca de las relaciones entre escuela e inmigración (2006)

El artículo repasa algunos aspectos sobre la relación entre educación escolar e inmigración. Así, al inicio se analizande manera descriptiva las características de la inmigración ligada a la sociedad de la información y sus repercusiones educativas. Igualmente, se repasan algunos trabajos sobreel rendimiento académico de la infancia y la adolescencia extranjera, y se enfatiza el factor lingüístico como una de lasfuentes explicativas de dicho rendimiento. En este sentido, se muestran varias investigaciones dedicadas a conocerlos factores que inciden en el aprendizaje por el alumnado extranjero de la lengua de la escuela y, finalmente, se ofrecen varios criterios para encarar con éxito la relación entre escolarización e inmigración
Adenoassociated Virus–Mediated Prostacyclin Synthase Expression Prevents Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats (2007)

Prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) is the final committed enzyme in the metabolic pathway of prostacyclin production. The therapeutic option of intravenous prostacyclin infusion in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension is limited by the short half-life of the drug and life-threatening catheter-related complications. To develop a better delivery system for prostacyclin, we examined the feasibility of intramuscular injection of an adenoassociated virus (AAV) vector expressing PGIS for preventing monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. We developed an AAV serotype 1–based vector carrying a human PGIS gene (AAV-PGIS). AAV-PGIS or the control AAV vector expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein was injected into the anterior tibial muscles of 3-week–old male Wistar rats; this was followed by the monocrotaline administration at 7 weeks. Eight weeks after injecting the vector, the plasma levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1α increased in a vector dose-dependent manner. At this time point, the PGIS transduction (1×10 10 genome copies per body) significantly decreased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (33.9±2.4 versus 46.1±3.0 mm Hg; P <0.05), pulmonary vascular resistance (0.26±0.03 versus 0.41±0.03 mm Hg · mL −1 · min −1 · kg −1 ; P <0.05), and medial thickness of the peripheral pulmonary artery (14.6±1.5% versus 23.5±0.5%; P <0.01) as compared with the controls. Furthermore, the PGIS-transduced rats demonstrated significantly improved survival rates as compared with the controls (100% versus 50%; P <0.05) at 8 weeks postmonocrotaline administration. An intramuscular injection of AAV-PGIS prevents monocrotaline-pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats and provides a new therapeutic alternative for preventing pulmonary arterial hypertension in humans.
Alkaline elution analysis, a new approach to the study of DNA single-strand interruptions in cells. (1973)

Summary A procedure is described whereby shortened DNA single strands can be selectively eluted from filters upon which cells have been lysed. This provides a sensitive measure of DNA single-strand breakage that may be applicable to the detection of cell damage resulting from certain types of chemotherapeutic agents. The procedure was applied to the following processes in L1210 cells: ( a ) production of single-strand breaks in DNA by X-irradiation of cells; ( b ) repair of these breaks by subsequent incubation of the cells; ( c ) transient occurrence of newly replicated DNA as relatively short chains. X-irradiation converts cell DNA from a slowly eluting to a rapidly eluting form. The conversion is first order with respect to X-ray dose and has a D 37 dose of not more than 400 rads. The DNA single-strand units affected by this first-order process have a minimum size of 1.5 × 10 9 daltons (1500 µm). Repair after an X-ray dose of 1000 rads was essentially complete within 30 min. Newly replicated DNA is in a rapidly eluting form which is slowly converted to the slowly eluting form.
Interaction of the small heat shock protein with molecular mass 25 kDa (hsp25) with actin (2003)

The interaction of heat shock protein with molecular mass 25 kDa (HSP25) and its point mutants S77D + S81D (2D mutant) and S15D + S77D + S81D (3D mutant) with intact and thermally denatured actin was analyzed by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and ultracentrifugation. Wild type HSP25 did not affect the polymerization of intact actin. The HSP25 3D mutant decreased the initial rate without affecting the maximal extent of intact actin polymerization. G-actin heated at 40-45 degrees C was partially denatured, but retained its ability to polymerize. The wild type HSP25 did not affect polymerization of this partially denatured actin. The 3D mutant of HSP25 increased the initial rate of polymerization of partially denatured actin. Heating at more than 55 degrees C induced complete denaturation of G-actin. Completely denatured G-actin cannot polymerize, but it aggregates at increased ionic strength. HSP25 and especially its 2D and 3D mutants effectively prevent salt-induced aggregation of completely denatured actin. It is concluded that the interaction of HSP25 with actin depends on the state of both actin and HSP25. HSP25 predominantly acts as a chaperone and preferentially interacts with thermally unfolded actin, preventing the formation of insoluble aggregates.
Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the dog by the H2-receptor antagonists, ranitidine, cimetidine, and metiamide. (1980)

The new H2-receptor antagonist, ranitidine, has been compared with cimetidine and metiamide as an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion in the dog. All three compounds were effective both intravenously or by mouth in inhibiting secretion induced by histamine, pentagastrin, or bethanechol. This inhibition was mainly attributable to a reduction in the volume of secretion, although there was also a significant reduction in the concentration of acid secreted. Metiamide was slightly less active than cimetidine, but ranitidine was four to nine times more potent than cimetidine, depending on the secretagogue used. The antisecretory activity of ranitidine does not result from a limitation in blood flow to the gastric mucosa.
Photocatalytic Comparison of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles and Electrospun TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanofibers: Effects of Mesoporosity and Interparticle Charge Transfer (2010)

The development of a high-efficiency TiO2 photocatalyst is of great importance to a variety of solar light conversion and application fields; the desired high efficiency can be achieved by employing well-controlled TiO2 nanoarchitectures. In this study, we have successfully synthesized well-ordered and aligned high surface area mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers (TiO2-NF) by electrospinning of TiO2 powder dispersed in viscous polymer solution and subsequent calcination. For comparison, TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) are also prepared from calcination of the same TiO2 powder. The TiO2-NF of ca. 500 nm in diameter and a few micrometers in length consist of compactly and densely packed spherical nanoparticles of ca. 20 nm in size and have mesopores of 3−4 nm in radius. Photocatalytic comparison between TiO2-NF and TiO2-NP indicated that the former had far higher photocatalytic activities in photocurrent generation by a factor of 3 and higher hydrogen production by a factor of 7. The photocatalytic superiority of TiO2-NF is attributed to effects of mesoporosity and nanoparticle alignment, which could cause efficient charge separation through interparticle charge transfer along the nanofiber framework. Finally, various surface characterization experiments were conducted and included to understand the photocatalytic behaviors of TiO2-NF and TiO2-NP.