gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint source-channel coding for motion-compensated DCT-based SNR scalable video (2002)

In this paper, we develop an approach toward joint source-channel coding for motion-compensated DCT-based scalable video coding and transmission. A framework for the optimal selection of the source and channel coding rates over all scalable layers is presented such that the overall distortion is minimized. The algorithm utilizes universal rate distortion characteristics which are obtained experimentally and show the sensitivity of the source encoder and decoder to channel errors. The proposed algorithm allocates the available bit rate between scalable layers and, within each layer, between source and channel coding. We present the results of this rate allocation algorithm for video transmission over a wireless channel using the H.263 Version 2 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scalable codec for source coding and rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes for channel coding. We discuss the performance of the algorithm with respect to the channel conditions, coding methodologies, layer rates, and number of layers.
COBS: Realizing Decentralized Infrastructure for Collaborative Browsing and Search (2011)

Finding relevant and reliable information on the web is a non-trivial task. While internet search engines do find correct web pages with respect to a set of keywords, they often cannot ensure the relevance or reliability of their content. An emerging trend is to harness internet users in the spirit of Web 2.0, to discern and personalize relevant and reliable information. Users collaboratively search or browse for information, either directly by communicating or indirectly by adding meta information (e.g., tags) to web pages. While gaining much popularity, such approaches are bound to specific service providers, or the Web 2.0 sites providing the necessary features, and the knowledge so generated is also confined to, and subject to the whims and censorship of such providers. To overcome these limitations we introduce COBS, a browser-centric knowledge repository which enjoys the inherent openness (similar to Wikipedia) while aiming to provide end-users the freedom of personalization and privacy by adopting an eventually hybrid/p2p back-end. In this paper we first present the COBS front-end, a browser add-on that enables users to tag, rate or comment arbitrary web pages and to socialize with others in both a synchronous and asynchronous manner. We then discuss how a decentralized back-end can be realized. While Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) are the most natural choice, and despite a decade of research on DHT designs, we encounter several, some small, while others more fundamental shortcomings that need to be surmounted in order to realize an efficient, scalable and reliable decentralized back-end for COBS. To that end, we outline various design alternatives and discuss qualitatively (and quantitatively, when possible) their (dis-)advantages. We believe that the objectives of COBS are ambitious, posing significant challenges for distributed systems, middleware and distributed data-analytics research, even while building on the existing momentum. Based on experiences from our ongoing work on COBS, we outline these systems research issues in this position paper.
Strategies for Maximizing Estate Wealth (2004)

The conventional wisdom that using tax-sheltered accounts such as Keogh plans, IRAs, 401(k) programs, etc. is an excellent way to save for retirement but a poor way to accumulate an estate is shown to be incorrect at least under a variety of reasonable circumstances. It is shown that net estate wealth (i.e., after income and estate taxes) generally will be greater by saving in such plans compared to saving in conventional (i.e., taxable) accounts. The misconception arises because the net wealth left after taxes on two estates of equal size at death will be less when a significant part of the assets are in tax-sheltered plans, but this is not a fair comparison because if all other factors (e.g., income and consumption during the accumulation period, pre-tax rates of return, etc.) are held constant, the estate associated with the tax-sheltered investment will unequivocally be larger at the time of death. It is also shown that saving in tax-sheltered plans during the early years of the lifecycle, followed by saving in a taxable account in the later years, will generate a maximum after-tax transfer to heirs.
Evaluation of the pregnancy immunotrophism hypothesis by assessment of the reproductive performance of young adult mice of genotype <i>scid/scid.bg/bg</i> (1990)

The hypothesis that enhancement of pregnancy success results from immune recognition of the conceptus was evaluated by studying reproductive performance in a new line of mice deficient in NK cells and lacking B cells and T cells. Doubly mutant mice of genotype scid/scid.bg/bg are both viable and fertile. The numbers of offspring born to pairs of this genotype were not different from numbers born to heterozygous pairs. Differences in prenatal loss could not be found between genotypes by counts of either fetal resorption sites or corpora lutea. The timing of developmental stages and the differentiation of trophoblast, placenta, decidua and metrial gland in scid/scid.bg/bg mice appeared normal. These results suggest either that lymphokine influences on trophoblast cells in vivo do not contribute, in a major way, to pregnancy success or that the important cytokines are derived from uterine cell populations that are not classical, mature B cells, T cells or NK cells.
Dynamics of Bound Exciton Complexes in CdS Nanobelts (2011)

10.1021/nn2008832
Predicting the Effect of Gas-Flow Channel Spacing on Current Density in PEM Fuel Cells (1999)

Abstract The effects of change in diffusion layer width for constant diffusion layer thickness and constant gas-flow channel width are investigated with a straight channel model of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. A three-dimensional 10-cm long straight channel model of the PEM fuel cell is presented. The geometrical model includes diffusion layers on both the anode and cathode sides and the numerical model couples three-dimensional Navier-Stokes flow with electro-chemical reactions occurring in the fuel cell. Contours of the current density, anode water vapor concentration, anode water activity, water molecules per proton flux, and secondary flow velocity vectors at different cross sections are presented for the two diffusion layer widths. For the particular conditions and properties used for this study, the results show a marked difference between the base case (0.16-cm) and the wide (0.72-cm) diffusion layer. The current density is quite uniform at different axial cross sections and cross-flow sections for the 0.16-cm wide diffusion layer. However, for the 0.72-cm wide diffusion layer, the current density decreases more significantly in the axial direction near the edges of the diffusion layer. Numerical predictions of the water transport between cathode and anode across the width of the MEA show the delicate balance of diffusion and electro-osmosis and their effect on the current distribution along channel.
Protein biomarkers distinguish between high- and low-risk pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a tissue specific manner (2013)

The current study evaluated the differential expression detected in the proteomic profiles of low risk- and high risk- ALL pediatric patients to characterize candidate biomarkers related to diagnosis, prognosis and patient targeted therapy. Bone marrow and peripheral blood plasma and cell lysates samples were obtained from pediatric patients with low- (LR) and high-risk (HR) ALL at diagnosis. As controls, non-leukemic pediatric patients were studied. Cytogenetic analysis was carried out by G- banding and interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization. Differential proteomic analysis was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The differential expression of certain proteins was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The obtained data revealed that CLUS, CERU, APOE, APOA4, APOA1, GELS, S10A9, AMBP, ACTB, CATA and AFAM proteins play a significant role in leukemia prognosis, potentially serving as distinctive biomarkers for leukemia aggressiveness, or as suppressor proteins in HR-ALL cases. In addition, vitronectin and plasminogen probably contributed to leukemogenesis, whilst bicaudal D-related protein 1 could afford a significant biomarker for pediatric ALL therapeutics.
Low-Cost Liquid Chromatography (LC-LC). IV. “Pulsed Open Tube Gradient Generation”, A New Approach for Generating Nanoliter Volume Linear and Tailored Gradients for Capillary Electrophoresis and Micro-LC (1990)

Abstract There is a need to generate gradients of nanoliter volumes compatible with 25–100 micron i.d. capillaries used in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Balchunas and Sapaniak [1] showed that manually produced step gradients of increasing propanol and surfactant concentration with micellar electrokinetic chromatography gave an improved separation. And while SDS-PAGE has shown remarkable results in capillaries e.g. [2], gradients in gel crosslinking to extend the molecular weight range that can be resolved has not yet been shown in capillaries. Gradients in pH in polyelectrolytes for isoelectric focusing show some of the highest resolution known. These have been generated in-place by electromigration. Small gradients are also needed in micro-liquid chromatography, a field receiving renewed interest today because of the high costs of solvent disposal. Previous papers on “low cost liquid chromatography” (LC-LC) described how to eliminate the injection valve for “weak-eluent sariple-loading” [3, 41 and how a flow-through system can be used to take eluents to a fixed and reproducible pH., eliminating the time and effort to prepare eluents [5, 6]. Our previous paper on LC-LC described a simple-gradient method [7, 8, 91 in which an abrupt discontinuous interface between the weak and strong eluent can be spread into tin S-shaped gradient by passing the interface through an open tube. Volumes were in the microliter range (20 to 110 uL), determined by the open tube dimensions (0.53 m i.d.) and the flow rate through the open tube. Here we extend this simple-gradient approach to the high nanoliter range using 0.10 mm i.d. tubing. This paper describes a new, very flexible method for producing shaped nanoliter gradients (“nano-gradients”) og a broad vo1ume range, independent of tube dimensions and flow rates. In the pulsed open tube generator, (I) the gradient can be changed in volume over a broad range, and (2) the yadient shape can be tailored. The new approach tailors the shape of the gradient by using a multiport valve to pulse in alternating slugs of weak and strong eluent; the timing determines the composition; and the open tube mixes the segments together. The pulsed open tube generator described here should permit nanoliter and lower (picoliter) gradient generation when narrower bore open tubes are used (e.g. 50 to 5 i.d. micron open tubes).
PEG-<i>b</i>-PPS Diblock Copolymer Aggregates for Hydrophobic Drug Solubilization and Release: Cyclosporin A as an Example (2008)

Micelles formed from amphiphilic block copolymers have been explored in recent years as carriers for hydrophobic drugs. In an aqueous environment, the hydrophobic blocks form the core of the micelle, which can host lipophilic drugs, while the hydrophilic blocks form the corona or outer shell and stabilize the interface between the hydrophobic core and the external medium. In the present work, mesophase behavior and drug encapsulation were explored in the AB block copolymeric amphiphile composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a hydrophile and poly(propylene sulfide) PPS as a hydrophobe, using the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) as an example of a highly hydrophobic drug. Block copolymers with a degree of polymerization of 44 on the PEG and of 10, 20 and 40 on the PPS respectively (abbreviated as PEG44-b-PPS10, PEG44-b-PPS20, PEG44-b-PPS40) were synthesized and characterized. Drug-loaded polymeric micelles were obtained by the cosolvent displacement method as well as the remarkably simple method of dispersing the warm polymer melt, with drug dissolved therein, in warm water. Effective drug solubility up to 2 mg/mL in aqueous media was facilitated by the PEG- b-PPS micelles, with loading levels up to 19% w/w being achieved. Release was burst-free and sustained over periods of 9-12 days. These micelles demonstrate interesting solubilization characteristics, due to the low glass transition temperature, highly hydrophobic nature, and good solvent properties of the PPS block.
The Complexity of Online Memory Checking (2005)

We consider the problem of storing a large file on a remote and unreliable server. To verify that the file has not been corrupted, a user could store a small private (randomized) "fingerprint" on his own computer. This is the setting for the well-studied authentication problem in cryptography, and the required fingerprint size is well understood. We study the problem of sub-linear authentication: suppose the user would like to encode and store the file in a way that allows him to verify that it has not been corrupted, but without reading the entire file. If the user only wants to read t bits of the file, how large does the size s of the private fingerprint need to be? We define this problem formally, and show a tight lower bound on the relationship between s and t when the adversary is not computationally bounded, namely: s /spl times/ t = /spl Omega/(n), where n is the file size. This is an easier case of the online memory checking problem, introduced by Blum et al. in 1991, and hence the same (tight) lower bound applies also to that problem. It was previously shown that when the adversary is computationally bounded, under the assumption that one-way functions exist, it is possible to construct much better online memory checkers and sub-linear authentication schemes. We show that the existence of one-way functions is also a necessary condition: even slightly breaking the s /spl times/ t = /spl Omega/(n) lower bound in a computational setting implies the existence of one-way functions.
Copolymerization of ethylene with cycloolefins or cyclodiolefins by a constrained‐geometry catalyst (2005)

Abstract The copolymerization of ethylene and cycloolefins [cyclopentene (CPE), cyclohexene (CHX), cycloheptene (CHP), cyclooctene (COT), cyclododecene (CDO), norbornene (NB), and 5,6‐dihydrodicyclopentadiene HDCPD] and cyclodiolefins [1,3‐cyclopentadiene (CPD), 1,4‐cyclohexadiene (CHD), 1,5‐cyclooctadiene (COD), 2,5‐norbornadiene (NBD), and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)] was investigated with a constrained‐geometry catalyst, dimethylsilylene(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)( N ‐ tert ‐butyl)titanium dichloride, with methyl isobutyl aluminoxane as a cocatalyst. In the copolymerization with cycloolefins, the olefins, except for CHX, CDO, and HDCPD, were copolymerized via the 1,2‐insertion mode with the following reactivity: NB > CHP > COT > CPE. In the copolymerization with cyclodiolefins, corresponding copolymers, except for copolymerization with CHD, were obtained. A crosslinking fraction was detected in the copolymers with COD and NBD. The reactivity of the cyclodiolefins, except for COD, was higher than that of the cycloolefins. CPD was copolymerized via 1,2‐insertion, 1,4‐insertion or 1,2‐insertion of dimerized DCPD. The copolymerization with COD showed peculiar behavior under the copolymerization condition of a high COD concentration in the feed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1285–1291, 2005
Context dependent phonetic duration models for decoding conversational speech (2002)

Conversational speech provides a particularly difficult task for speech recognition. It provides much more variability than either dictation, read speech, or isolated commands. Phonetic context was used to predict the durations of phones using a decision tree. These predictions were used to calculate context dependent HMM transition probabilities for these phone models, which were used to decode telephone conversations from the SwitchBoard corpus. We observed that the duration models do not appreciably improve the word error rate; that more can be gained by modeling phone durations within words than by adjusting for local average speaking rates; and conclude that local or global variations in speaking rate are not major contributors to the observed high error rates for SwitchBoard.
Recycled Analog and Mixed Signal Chip Detection at Zero Cost Using LDO Degradation (2019)

Counterfeit electronics impact the global economy and pose life-threatening risks to critical systems and infrastructure. Analog/mixed-signal (AMS) chips are the most widely reported counterfeit chip type, but existing countermeasures are impractical for detecting them. In this paper, we propose a method to detect recycled AMS counterfeits that exploits degradation of power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) in low drop out (LDO) regulators. Our zero cost approach does not require information about the component's design. Moreover, due to the ubiquity of LDOs, it may apply to active and legacy AMS system on chips (SoCs). To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of our method, we use an automated test setup to collect PSRR data from commercial off-the-shelf LDOs before and after aging. Machine learning algorithms ranging from unsupervised to supervised are applied to differentiate between aged (i.e., synthetically recycled) and new LDOs. Silicon results confirm that semi-supervised and supervised algorithms are effective even with LDOs used less than 10 days (for 65nm technology node).
<title>Multiple-pulse damage thresholds of optical components for excimer lasers</title> (1997)

For characterization of the long-term stability of UV optical components a set-up for determination of multiple- pulse damage thresholds has been developed. Using a high power excimer laser, 'S-on-1' damage thresholds were measured at 248nm for bare UV substrates as well as high- and anti-reflective dielectric coatings, indicating characteristic dependencies on the number of applied laser pulses and pulse repetition rates. It could be demonstrated that the multiple pulse threshold of dielectric coatings strongly depends on the thermal conductivity of the substrate. In addition, stability test were performed at 308nm on Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>HR coatings applying 10<SUP>8</SUP> pulses of up to 400mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Although the samples did withstand this long-term irradiation without damage, a slight degradation of the optical properties and a laser- induced contamination layer on the irradiated area were observed.
Laser Welding for Microelectronic Interconnections (1964)

The ability to join dissimilar materials having markedly different thicknesses (ratio of 50:1) is shown to be possible using a LASER. The feasibility of welding to thin films has been demonstrated by metallurgical examination of the welded connection. Welds were evaluated by visual inspection, macrosection, and microsection. Preliminary results of substrate studies indicate that unglazed alumina is a satisfactory material. LASER welding, having been demonstrated as a useful interconnection method, can be developed through additional investigation for extensive application to microelectronic circuitry.
Vitamins A & D Inhibit the Growth of Mycobacteria in Radiometric Culture (2012)

We show that vitamin A, its metabolites Retinyl acetate, Retinoic acid and 13-cis Retinoic acid and vitamin D directly inhibit mycobacterial growth in culture. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that complementing the immune response of multicellular organisms, vitamins A and D may have heretofore unproven, unrecognized, independent and probable synergistic, direct antimycobacterial inhibitory activity.
Energy Management and Power Control of a Hybrid Active Wind Generator for Distributed Power Generation and Grid Integration (2010)

Classical wind energy conversion systems are usually passive generators. The generated power does not depend on the grid requirement but entirely on the fluctuant wind condition. A dc-coupled wind/hydrogen/supercapacitor hybrid power system is studied in this paper. The purpose of the control system is to coordinate these different sources, particularly their power exchange, in order to make controllable the generated power. As a result, an active wind generator can be built to provide some ancillary services to the grid. The control system should be adapted to integrate the power management strategies. Two power management strategies are presented and compared experimentally. We found that the “source-following” strategy has better performances on the grid power regulation than the “grid-following” strategy.
In Vitro Gene Transfection Using Dendritic Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lysine) (2002)

Monodispersed dendritic poly(L-lysine)s (DPKs) of several generations were synthesized, and their characteristics as a gene transfection reagent were then investigated. The agarose gel shift and ethidium bromide titration assay proved that the DPKs of the third generation and higher could form a complex with a plasmid DNA, and the degree of compaction of the DNA was increased by the increasing number of the generation. The DPKs of the fifth and sixth generation, which have 64 and 128 amine groups on the surface of the molecule, respectively, showed efficient gene transfection ability into several cultivated cell lines without significant cytotoxity. In addition, the transfection efficiency of the DPK of the sixth generation was not seriously reduced even if serum was added at 50% of the final concentration into the transfection medium. Because we can strictly synthesize various DPK derivatives, which have several types of branch units, terminal cationic groups, and so on, they are expected to be a good object of study regarding the basic information on the detailed mechanism of gene transfection into cells. We also expect to be able to easily construct DPK-based functional gene carriers, e.g., DPKs modified by ligands such as a sugar chain, which can enable advanced gene delivery in vivo.
Standard therapy of advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (2009)

ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) continues to be the standard of care for patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Consolidation of primary chemotherapy with radiation or autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has not demonstrated an improvement in overall survival in randomized controlled trials. Regimens such as escalated BEACOPP have more acute and late toxicities and survival benefits have yet to be confirmed. Despite effective therapy, ultimately 30% to 40% of patients with advanced HL will relapse. ASCT has become the standard of care for patients with relapsed or refractory HL based on two randomized trials. The optimal salvage chemotherapy and high dose therapy regimen are not known. Similarly, non-ASCT strategies including salvage radiotherapy or non-ASCT chemotherapy strategies have been reported and have a potential role in selected clinical scenarios. This review summarizes recent clinical trial results in the initial treatment of advanced HL and will focus on second-line treatment strategies for patients with relapsed or refractory disease.