gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability and Immunoreactivity of the Monoclonal Anticytokeratin Antibody TS1 after Different Degrees of Iodination (1999)

The immunoreactivity, stability and in vivo kinetics of an anticytokeratin 8 monoclonal antibody, TS1, were investigated following different degrees of labeling with 125I (0.2, 1 and 2-3 125I/TS1 MAb). By testing with ELISA, it was demonstrated that a high degree of iodination, i.e. > 2 125I/TS1, caused a rapid decrease in immunoreactivity to almost zero within 10 days. Furthermore, a complete degradation to low molecular weight fragments and free iodine was seen, as shown by SDS PAGE and autoradiography. The differently labeled radionuclide conjugates were injected into nude mice inoculated with HeLa Hep2 cells and tumor doses (estimated by MIRD formalism), tumor:non-tumor dose ratios, % I.D./gram tissue, Gy/MBq and in vivo kinetics of the differently labeled MAbs were determined. Despite the in vitro instability of the highest iodinated radionuclide conjugate, it was possible to deliver high doses to the tumors if the conjugate was injected into the animal immediately after completion of the iodination procedure. Increases from 1.4 Gy to 15.2 Gy delivered tumor dose were obtained with a tenfold increase in the specific activity, without alterations in the tumor:non-tumor tissue dose ratios. There is room for significant improvements in efficacy at radioimmunotherapy, which can be gained by optimizing the degree of iodination. For therapeutical applications a high degree of iodination may be an advantage.
All-Optical Control of a Single Plasmonic Nanoantenna–ITO Hybrid (2011)

We demonstrate experimentally picosecond all-optical control of a single plasmonic nanoantenna embedded in indium tin oxide (ITO). We identify a picosecond response of the antenna-ITO hybrid system, which is distinctly different from transient bleaching observed for gold antennas on a nonconducting SiO(2) substrate. Our experimental results can be explained by the large free-carrier nonlinearity of ITO, which is enhanced by plasmon-induced hot-electron injection from the gold nanoantenna into the conductive oxide. The combination of tunable antenna-ITO hybrids with nanoscale plasmonic energy transfer mechanisms, as demonstrated here, opens a path for new ultrafast devices to produce nanoplasmonic switching and control.
Wave Groups: the Length of a Piece of String (1987)

The study aims to quantify the variability of wave group frequencies in a quasi stationary sea state and to assess the length of wave record required to obtain confident, stable estimates of wave group characteristics. The results indicate that wave group period is not a quasi regular characteristic, but is in fact highly variable.
Animals in the influenza world (1980)

In the history of influenza there are many references, notes and comments about influenza epizootics occurring among various non-human animals, sometimes coinciding with epidemics of influenza in human beings. That the first influenza viruses were recovered from non-human animals is not so surprising, given the current knowledge of the distribution of influenza among animals. Influenza viruses are found in a wide variety of mammalian and avian species. In some species the disease that occurs as a result of the infection mimics the influenza disease of human beings, in other species there are no signs of disease, and in others there is disease specific to a species. It is clear that influenza viruses have a significant impact on the health of several animal species. In recent times it has also become clear that many species of animals are inextricably entwined in the puzzle of influenza viruses and human influenza. Our knowledge in animals has provided both questions and answers about the influenza viruses and their diseases. Certainly our understanding of human influenza has been advanced because of the animals in the influenza world.
Critical Role for the Histone H4 N Terminus in Nucleosome Remodeling by ISWI (2001)

The ATPase ISWI can be considered the catalytic core of several multiprotein nucleosome remodeling machines. Alone or in the context of nucleosome remodeling factor, the chromatin accessibility complex (CHRAC), or ACF, ISWI catalyzes a number of ATP-dependent transitions of chromatin structure that are currently best explained by its ability to induce nucleosome sliding. In addition, ISWI can function as a nucleosome spacing factor during chromatin assembly, where it will trigger the ordering of newly assembled nucleosomes into regular arrays. Both nucleosome remodeling and nucleosome spacing reactions are mechanistically unexplained. As a step toward defining the interaction of ISWI with its substrate during nucleosome remodeling and chromatin assembly we generated a set of nucleosomes lacking individual histone N termini from recombinant histones. We found the conserved N termini (the N-terminal tails) of histone H4 essential to stimulate ISWI ATPase activity, in contrast to other histone tails. Remarkably, the H4 N terminus, but none of the other tails, was critical for CHRAC-induced nucleosome sliding and for the generation of regularity in nucleosomal arrays by ISWI. Direct nucleosome binding studies did not reflect a dependence on the H4 tail for ISWI-nucleosome interactions. We conclude that the H4 tail is critically required for nucleosome remodeling and spacing at a step subsequent to interaction with the substrate.
Potentiometric titrations using Gran plots: A textbook omission (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotentiometric titrations using Gran plots: A textbook omissionF. J. C. Rossotti and Hazel Rossotti Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 7, 375Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1965Published inissue 1 July 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/ed042p375RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1585Altmetric-Citations509LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (317 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Pharmacological profiling of neuropeptides on rabbit vaginal wall and vaginal artery smooth muscle <i>in vitro</i> (2008)

Hypothalamic neuropeptides can exert contractile and relaxant effects on vaginal strips and arteries. NPY Y(1), V(1A), MCH(1) antagonists as well as VIP/PAC(1) agonists may have therapeutic potential in both central and peripheral female sexual arousal. Differences in effect of neuropeptides between preparations raise the question of which preparation is important for female sexual arousal.
Formalisme, outils et éléments méthodologiques pour la modélisation et la simulation multi-agents (2004)

This thesis addresses questions related to the modeling and simulation of complex systems whichare based on the multi-agents system (MAS) paradigm. Multi-Agent Based Simulations (MABS) relyon the idea that it is possible to directly represent the behavior and the interactions of a set ofautonomous entities situated in a common environment. One critical issue is the difficulty to accuratelyachieve replication of published models. This raises problems for verification and validation of MABS.In this thesis, we advocate that MABS verification and validation problems are mainly related to thegap that exists between models specifications and the computational structures which are used toexecute them. The motivation of our work is to take steps toward an effective mapping between modelsspecifications and concrete software structures considering two complementary approaches. The firstapproach proposes generic simulator engineering tools. The idea is to make explicit the computationalstructures which are used for the implementation. The second approach relies on the study of todayMAS modeling means : we propose a reflexion about the MAS paradigm and we identify a set ofmodeling constraints which are related to it. We then propose modeling principles based on (1) theInfluence/Reaction approach and (2) a formal model of the environment for MASs, namely MIC ∗ .We show how our approach handles the various identified modeling constraints and we illustrate itsfeasibility through a concrete example.
The efficiency of top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (2004)

In this paper, we explore the role of surface plasmons modes in top-emitting OLEDs. For display applications active matrix driven pixels are required and an attractive way of doing this is to make them top-emitting, i.e. for the emission to take place through the cathode. This approach has recently been demonstrated by other groups, showing that it may offer an efficient way to generate light.
Sensing OFDM Systems Under Frequency-Selective Fading Channels (2010)

In this paper, we consider the detection of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals under frequency-selective fading channels for cognitive radio. First, we propose a new decision statistic for the signal detection based on the special feature-cyclic prefix embedded in OFDM signals. The probability distribution function (pdf) of the statistic is derived under the hypothesis of signal presence or absence. Then, the generalized likelihood ratio test (LRT) and the pdf's under the two hypotheses are derived to obtain the theoretical false-alarm rate (FAR) and the probability of detection (PD). After that, a suboptimal test is proposed to resolve the interference/noise uncertainty problems met for many detection algorithms such as the energy detection in practice. The theoretical FAR and PD are derived, and the theoretical threshold for any given FAR according to Neyman-Pearson criterion is accordingly given. Finally, extensive simulations are performed to confirm the derived theoretical results and demonstrate the promising detection.
Algorithm of documents clustering based on minimum spanning tree (2004)

This paper puts forward a method of document clustering based on minimum spanning tree (MST) in vector space model (VSM). This algorithm adopts classical VSM and combines with the method of MST in graph theory. The quality and performance of document clustering are higher than other traditional clustering methods.
Amphetamine and Methamphetamine Differentially Affect Dopamine Transporters in Vitro and in Vivo (2008)

The psychostimulants d-amphetamine (AMPH) and methamphetamine (METH) release excess dopamine (DA) into the synaptic clefts of dopaminergic neurons. Abnormal DA release is thought to occur by reverse transport through the DA transporter (DAT), and it is believed to underlie the severe behavioral effects of these drugs. Here we compare structurally similar AMPH and METH on DAT function in a heterologous expression system and in an animal model. In the in vitro expression system, DAT-mediated whole-cell currents were greater for METH stimulation than for AMPH. At the same voltage and concentration, METH released five times more DA than AMPH and did so at physiological membrane potentials. At maximally effective concentrations, METH released twice as much [Ca(2+)](i) from internal stores compared with AMPH. [Ca(2+)](i) responses to both drugs were independent of membrane voltage but inhibited by DAT antagonists. Intact phosphorylation sites in the N-terminal domain of DAT were required for the AMPH- and METH-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) and for the enhanced effects of METH on [Ca(2+)](i) elevation. Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinase C inhibitors alone or in combination also blocked AMPH- or METH-induced Ca(2+) responses. Finally, in the rat nucleus accumbens, in vivo voltammetry showed that systemic application of METH inhibited DAT-mediated DA clearance more efficiently than AMPH, resulting in excess external DA. Together these data demonstrate that METH has a stronger effect on DAT-mediated cell physiology than AMPH, which may contribute to the euphoric and addictive properties of METH compared with AMPH.
Un nuevo espacio narrativo (2008)

A partir de mediados del siglo XX la puesta en cuestionamiento de los paradigmas de la vertiente racionalista de la modernidad �separación entre las artes, autorreferencia de la obra, temporalización de la representación, entre otras� abre el espacio de nuevas modalidades de narración que tanto el cine como la literatura estaban redescubriendo y que se convierten en una constante a partir de los años sesenta.
Entheseal Changes: Benefits, Limitations and Applications in Bioarchaeology (2021)

Reconstructing physical activities in ancient humans has long been pursued in bioarchaeology to understand our history and development. Entheseal changes (EC)––variations to muscle, tendon, and ligament attachment sites on bone––have been used in bioarchaeology since the 1980s to reconstruct activities in past populations such as changes in mobility, subsistence strategy, and gendered division of labour. EC research is based on bone functional adaptation, where bone responds to mechanical stress on entheses through bone formation or destruction in varying degrees of expression. However, the relationship between EC and activity is more complex than simple cause-and-effect, as it involves multiple confounding variables, which can affect EC morphology. This article addresses the use of EC research in bioarchaeology through two parts: Part 1 defines entheses and EC, including observational and quantitative methods developed in bioarchaeology to study EC. Part 2 will summarize the main known factors that influence EC beyond activity such as age, sex, and body size. The article concludes with a discussion of varying benefits and limitations to EC research in bioarchaeology including the use of archaeological samples, historical collections, and animal experimental models. Overall, EC research can be difficult to link with activity due to its multifactorial etiology, challenges of efficacy in developing methods, and limitations of working with human remains. However, recent studies are showing more positive results, demonstrating the usefulness of EC as a way to reconstruct activity.
High gain (21 dB) packaged semiconductor optical amplifiers (2002)

Record gains of 19 to 21 dB have been obtained reproducibly using a type of semiconductor optical amplifier package incorporating of 1.3- mu m tilted-facet ridge amplifier. The authors describe the package, which utilizes a novel two-temperature-zone design to achieve a process for independent soldering of the input and output fibers. The process permits stable and efficient fiber coupling to both facets, and permits reworking of less-than-optimum fiber attachments. Since the thermoelectric coolers used to control the amplifier's temperature also serve as the heat source used for soldering, the package contributes to its own self-assembly. It is noted that simple, highly manufacturable high-gain packages, such as these, will be invaluable to the development of branched or long-distance optical links.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Secondary and Tertiary Amines from Nitro Compounds (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSecondary and Tertiary Amines from Nitro CompoundsWilliam S. Emerson and C. A. UraneckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 3, 749–751Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01848a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01848a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Living Carbocationic Polymerization. XLIX. Two-Stage Living Polymerization of Isobutylene to Di-<i>tert</i>-chlorine Telechelic Polyisobutylene (1992)

Abstract A two-stage process was developed for the living polymerization of isobutylene (IB) employing di-tert-alcohol initiators in conjunction with BCl3 coinitiator in the first or initiation stage, followed by TiCl4 coinitiator in the second or propagation stage; the process was shown to yield high molecular weight (up to M n 20,000), narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) M w/M n = 1.1–1.2) di-tert-chlorine telechelic polyisobutylenes (tCl-PIB-Clt). The initiation stage involves the homogeneous solution living polymerization of IB induced by the di-tert-alcohol/BCl3 combination in the presence of an electron donor such as N,N-dimethylacetamide in CH3Cl solvent at −80°C and proceeds up to M n < 5000; this is followed by the propagation stage in which TiCl4 and the bulk of IB plus a sufficient amount of n-C6H14 are added to the charge to bring the solvent composition to CH3Cl/n-C6H14 60/40 v/v and the living polymerization is continued until high M n product is obtained. This two-stage process was developed because 1) it employs very inexpensive chemicals; 2) di-tert-alcohol/BCl3 combinations initiate living IB polymerization in CH3Cl but the product after reaching M n ≤ 5000 precipitates out of the CH3Cl solution, and di-tert-alcohol/BCl4 combinations do not initiate IB polymerization; and 3) di-tert-alcohol/BCl3 systems do not initiate (or only very slowly) the living polymerization of IB in CH3Cl/n-C6H14 mixtures, whereas similar TiCl4-based systems do. The polymerization remains living during both stages although the propagating species and solvent polarity are profoundly altered. The livingness of the system has been analyzed by kinetic experiments and the structure of the tCl-PIB-Clt product by routine spectroscopic means.
Cholera toxin adjuvant promotes long-term immunological memory in the gut mucosa to unrelated immunogens after oral immunization. (1992)

This study was conducted to investigate whether cholera toxin (CT), used as a mucosal adjuvant, would promote the development in mice of immunological memory to unrelated antigens administered by the oral route. We found that oral priming immunizations with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) in combination with CT adjuvant induced long-term, at least 22 months and perhaps lifelong, immunological memory in the intestinal lamina propria (LP). In contrast, oral priming immunizations with KLH alone failed to stimulate immunological memory. Moreover, memory responses in the KLH plus CT-immunized mice were elicited by antigen alone, i.e. without CT adjuvant, suggesting that once immunological memory is established in the intestinal mucosa, e.g. by oral vaccination, elicitation of secondary-type responses does not require the presence of CT and thus could result from re-encounter with specific bacterial or viral antigens in the intestine. We also found that a single priming-dose of KLH plus CT adjuvant was sufficient to stimulate long-term, antigen-specific memory in the intestinal mucosa. Finally, the ability of CT to induce immunological memory in the gut mucosa required the whole toxin and could not be achieved by using the toxoid, the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), which lacks the adenylate cyclase/cAMP-activating property of the whole molecule. The results support the view that mucosal adjuvants, incorporated into oral vaccines, might be an effective means to achieve long-term immunological memory and protection against pathogenic micro-organisms at mucosal surfaces.
Excitation of Surface Electromagnetic Waves in Attenuated Total-Reflection Prism Configurations (1976)

We have carried out theoretical and experimental studies of the excitation of surface electromagnetic waves by volume electromagnetic radiation of finite beam width. The excited leaky surface electromagnetic waves are found to build up along the excitation region and to propagate as free damped waves beyond. Correspondingly, the spatial dependence of the reflected intensity is found to exhibit a two-peak interference structure at the leading edge of the excitation region followed by an exponential decay beyond.
Laminar specificity of functional MRI onset times during somatosensory stimulation in rat (2002)

The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response to somatosensory stimulation was measured in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. BOLD fMRI was obtained at 40-ms temporal resolution and spatial resolution of 200 x 200 x 2,000 microm(3) by using a gated activation paradigm in an 11.7 T MRI. Results show a consistent heterogeneity of fMRI onset times and amplitudes. The earliest onset time (0.59 +/- 0.17 s, n = 9) corresponded anatomically to layer IV, with superficial and deeper layers starting significantly later (1.27 +/- 0.43 s in layers I-III, and 1.11 +/- 0.45 s in layer VI). The amplitude of BOLD signal changes also varied with the cortical depth from the pial surface. Changes in the supragranular layers (8.3%) were 44% bigger than changes in the intermediate layers (5.5%), located only approximately 700 microm below, and 144% larger than the bottom layer (3.5%), located approximately 1.4 mm below the pial surface. The data presented demonstrate that BOLD signal changes have distinct amplitude and temporal characteristics, which vary spatially across cortical layers.
A combined feature-texture similarity measure for face alignment under varying pose (2002)

We formulate face alignment as a model-based parameter estimation problem in this paper. First, we work within a framework that combines two separate subspace models to represent frontal face patterns and pose change independently. The combined unified nonlinear model represents varying pose faces with a complex manifold. Then, we use a feature based similarity measure (FBSM) to evaluate image differences in terms of pose, and match unknown pose faces with the model image using a combined feature-feature similarity measure (FTSM). Noticeable properties of the combined FTSM include (1) its sensitivity to spatial differences between feature points in two images, which is crucial to aligning two initially faraway poses; (2) easy determination of hill-climb directions in parameter space, without computing gradients of error functions. Experimental results demonstrate that, in the absence of significant clutter, a face alignment algorithm using the combined FTSM, can reliably align varying pose faces under different lighting conditions, even when initial poses are far off.