gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing the Viscoelasticity and Mass of a Surface-Bound Protein Layer with an Acoustic Waveguide Device (2003)

The aim of this work is to quantify the viscoelastic properties and calculate the density of a protein layer deposited on a solid/liquid interface. Devices, which use shear-horizontal surface acoustic waves propagating in a waveguide configuration at 108 and 155 MHz, were employed in the detection of specific binding and adsorption of IgG antibodies to protein A modified surfaces and gold, respectively. To obtain both viscoelastic and mass information about the biological layers, each device was first calibrated to viscosity changes by introducing a series of glycerol−water solutions to the sensing surface. Via this calibration, an equivalent viscosity of 1.00−1.30 cP for IgG layers in solution was obtained. By modeling the proteins as solid noninteracting particles, the quantitative viscoelastic information was then used to calculate protein surface coverages of 10−300 ng/cm2, which was in good agreement with surface plasmon resonance measured surface coverages. Modeling results yield information about the mechanical and chemical interactions between proteins in surface layers. Furthermore, for the first time, simultaneous quantitative, real-time mass and viscoelastic information of protein layers at a solid/ liquid interface was achieved by this technique.
Molecular Mechanisms in Genetic Recombination (1982)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Incentives versus Transaction Costs: A Theory of Procurement Contracts (2001)

В статье представлена модель, объясняющая многие стилизованные факты о контрактах на поставку (procurement contracts). Согласно модели покупатель несет издержки дизайна контракта и сталкивается с дилеммой: либо создавать стимулы у продавцов не проявлять оппортунизм, либо снижать ex post трансакционные издержки, связанные с затратами на пересмотр контракта. Авторы показывают, в каких случаях контракты с фиксированной ценой и контракты, составленные по принципу издержки плюс, будут превалировать над остальными стимулирующими контрактами. Также делается вывод о том, что в случае высокой сложности товара внутрифирменное производство будет доминировать рыночные контракты на поставку.
Phase III Study of Docetaxel Compared With Vinorelbine in Elderly Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results of the West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group Trial (WJTOG 9904) (2006)

Docetaxel improved progression-free survival, response rate, and disease-related symptoms versus vinorelbine. Overall survival was not statistically significantly improved at this time. Docetaxel monotherapy may be considered as an option in the standard treatment of elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.
Complete coherent control of silicon vacancies in diamond nanopillars containing single defect centers (2017)

Arrays of identical and individually addressable qubits lay the foundation for the creation of scalable quantum hardware such as quantum processors and repeaters. Silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond offer excellent physical properties such as low inhomogeneous broadening, fast photon emission, and a large Debye–Waller factor. The possibility for all-optical ultrafast manipulation and techniques to extend the spin coherence times makes them promising candidates for qubits. Here, we have developed arrays of nanopillars containing single (SiV) centers with high yield, and we demonstrate ultrafast all-optical complete coherent control of the excited state population of a single SiV center at the optical transition frequency. The high quality of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown SiV centers provides excellent spectral stability, which allows us to coherently manipulate and quasi-resonantly read out the excited state population of individual SiV centers on picosecond timescales using ultrafast optical pulses. Furthermore, this work opens new opportunities to create a scalable on-chip diamond platform for quantum information processing and scalable nanophotonics applications.
Characterization of antifreeze activity in Antarctic plants (2005)

Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis are the only vascular plants to have colonized the Maritime Antarctic, which is characterized by its permanently low temperature and frequent summer frosts. To understand how the plants survive freezing temperatures year-round, antifreeze activity was assayed in apoplastic extracts obtained from both non-acclimated and cold-acclimated Antarctic plants. By observing the shape of ice crystals grown in dilution series of the extracts, it was found that D. antarctica had antifreeze activity, but C. quitensis did not. D. antarctica exhibited antifreeze activity in the non-acclimated state and this activity increased after cold acclimation. The antifreeze activity in D. antarctica was labile to proteolysis and high temperature, active over a wide pH range, and associated with molecules greater than 10 kDa in molecular weight. These results show that D. antarctica produces antifreeze proteins that are secreted into the apoplast. When examined by SDS-PAGE, the apoplastic extracts from cold-acclimated D. antarctica exhibited 13 polypeptides. It is concluded that D. antarctica accumulates AFPs as part of its mechanism of freezing tolerance. Moreover, this is the first plant in which antifreeze activity has been observed to be constitutive.
Baric Oligomerization in α-Lactalbumin/β-Lactoglobulin Mixtures (1997)

The influence of high pressure on α-lactalbumin(ALA)/β-lactoglobulin (BLG) mixtures of various compositions was studied at pH 8.5 (50 mM Tris) by gel-permeation chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) without 2-mercaptoethanol. High-molecular-weight disulfide-linked protein oligomers formed at a pressure of 10 kbar (1000 MPa) if the weight fraction of BLG (WBLG0) in the protein mixture exceeded 0.2. The maximum yield of these oligomers, of the order 80−85%, was observed at WBLG0 ≥ 0.4. Conversion of both proteins in the oligomers was roughly the same. The estimates of the oligomerization yield obtained by gel-permeation chromatography and SDS-PAGE agreed well. SDS-PAGE results indicated that the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds is necessary for the oligomerization. Thus, the oligomerization of pressure-denatured ALA and BLG is driven by thiol ↔ disulfide exchange in which the free thiol group of BLG acts as an initiator. Keywords: High pressure; α-lactalbumin; β-lactoglobulin; protein aggregation; gel-permeation chromatography; SDS-PAGE; intermolecular disulfide bonds; thiol ↔ disulfide exchange
Abstract 54: MicroRNA Let-7d-3p in Heart Failure (2016)

Circulating microRNA (miRNAs) levels are dysregulated in heart failure (HF) suggesting possible diagnostic and prognostic applications. In addition, miRNAs may yield insights into the pathophysiology of HF and provide targets for therapeutic intervention. We sought to identify the diagnostic utility of miRNAs in HF and to further investigate selected miRNAs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. We hypothesized that distinct dysregulated circulating miRNAs in HF may be potential therapeutic targets to improve outcomes for HF. Methods: Plasma from 338 well-characterized HF patients and 208 age-matched controls were collected for qPCR based miRNA profiling. Selected miRNAs of interest were further investigated using myocyte cell line, H9C2 and primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, NRVM. Results: Seventy-four miRNAs (AUC>0.65, p<0.001) were significantly dysregulated for discrimination of HF from non-HF controls on receiver-operator analysis. Seven miRNAs of interest were selected for further investigation. Of these, let-7d-3p had the most up regulated miRNA fold change=1.32 (p<0.001 after FDR). Functional screening using mimic transfection demonstrated that let-7d-3p mimic increased CCK-8 activity and decreased LDH release in both H9C2 and NRVM during hypoxia. By in silico target prediction (miRDB, microRNA.org and Targetscan) and qPCR, mRNA targets YY1, KLF9, KLF12 and MEX3C were identified as candidate targets for let-7d-3p and were significantly downregulated by let-7d-3p mimic. This suggests that let-7d-3p may play a role in signaling pathways pertinent to cardiac development (YY1), cell proliferation/survival (KLF9 and KLF12) and adiposity (Mex3c). Conclusions: We identified miRNAs that were dysregulated in clinical HF and our preliminary data on let-7d-3p suggests roles in the pathophysiology of HF that warrant further investigation.
Specific Enzymic Methylation of an Arginine in the Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis Protein from Human Myelin (1971)

A cytoplasmic enzyme from guinea pig brain was shown to transfer methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to only one of 19 arginine residues in the basic protein from human brain. The products were omega-N-monomethylarginine and omega-N,N'-dimethylarginine. These methylated arginines are adjacent to the main encephalitogenic determinant in the protein. Methylation may aid in the transfer of this region of the protein into the nonpolar environment within myelin and in maintaining the integrity of myelin.
Bacterial biofilms: a review of current research. (2001)

Biofilms provide bacterial cells with a protective environment that allows for survival from antibiotics and host defense mechanisms. In order to understand how to control biofilms, it is important to understand the complexity of the biofilm system. This is in overview of four areas of current biofilm research: biofilm resistance to antimicrobials and host defense mechanisms, the complexity of biofilm structure, the possible existence of a biofilm phenotype, and the ramifications of cell cell communication within the biofilm.
Final Step of Phosphatidic Acid Synthesis in Pea Chloroplasts Occurs in the Inner Envelope Membrane (1985)

The second enzyme of phosphatidic acid synthesis from glycerol-3-phosphate, 1-acylglycerophospate acyltransferase, was localized to the inner envelope membrane of pea chloroplasts. The activity of this enzyme was measured by both a coupled enzyme assay and a direct enzyme assay. Using the coupled enzyme assay, phosphatidic acid phosphatase was also localized to the inner envelope membrane, although this enzyme has very low activity in pea chloroplasts. The addition of UDP-galactose to unfractionated pea chloroplast envelope preparations did not result in significant conversion of newly synthesized diacylglycerol to monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. Thus, the envelope synthesized phosphatidic acid may not be involved in galactolipid synthesis in pea chloroplasts.
Multistream transmission for hybrid IBOC-AM with embedded/multidescriptive audio coding (2002)

Hybrid in band on channel (IBOC) digital audio broadcasting simultaneously with analog amplitude modulation (AM) has been proposed as a solution to DAB in the AM band. Since the AM band is crowded and the available bandwidth per program is limited, adding digital transmission presents a challenge. To achieve FM-like audio quality, an audio coder rate of 32-64 kb/sec may be required. One currently proposed hybrid IBOC-AM system is 30 kHz wide. Severe second adjacent interference may occur in certain areas, leading to a possible 40% loss of the effective audio bit rate. To cope with such harsh transmission conditions, we present a solution based on embedded/multidescriptive audio coding with matched multistream transmission in separate frequency bands. With the loss of one frequency band, the embedded system blends to a lower audio coder rate with a much better quality than analog AM. The nonembedded system, without multistream transmission, fails catastrophically when a little more than one sideband is severely interfered with, causing a severe discontinuity in quality while blending directly to analog AM. Some detailed robust embedded systems are outlined. We also show how multistream transmission schemes can be used with nonembedded audio coders. Both daytime and nighttime scenarios are included. This paper contains a catalog of possible systems for different audio quality levels and interference scenarios, including systems with 20 kHz bandwidth rather than 30 kHz.
Estado y libertad económica (1990)

Este trabajo analiza la situación del sector público en Argentina durante el período 1976-1981. Una primera cuestión formal que debe ser abordada es la razón de no estudiar el gobierno militar completo. En efecto, las Fuerzas Armadas derribaron el gobierno constitucional, ejercido entonces por Isabel Perón, en marzo de 1976, y se mantuvieron en el poder hasta finales de 1983, cuando transmitieron el mando a un nuevo gobierno democrático, encabezado esta vez por Raúl Alfonsín. ¿Qué sentido tiene, por tanto, detener el análisis en 1981?
In What Often Appears to Be a Crapshoot Legislative Process, Congress Throws Snake Eyes When It Enacts the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (2000)

HOFSTRA LA IVREVIEW
A unique vacuolar processing enzyme responsible for conversion of several proprotein precursors into the mature forms (1991)

Proprotein precursors of vacuolar components are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum into vacuoles, where they are proteolytically processed into their mature forms. However, the processing mechanism in plant vacuoles is very obscure. Characterization of a purified processing enzyme is required to determine whether a single enzyme is responsible for processing many vacuolar proteins with a large variability of molecular structure. If this is true, how can it recognize the numerous varieties of processing sites? We have now purified a processing enzyme (Mr = 37,000) from castor bean seeds. Our results show that the purified enzyme can process 3 different proproteins isolated from either the endoplasmic reticulum or transport vesicles in cotyledon cells to produce the mature forms of these proteins which are found at different suborganellar locations in the vacuole: the 2S protein found in the soluble matrix, the 11S globulin found in the insoluble crystalloid and the 51 kDa protein associated with the membrane. Thus a single vacuolar processing enzyme is capable of converting several proprotein precursors into their respective mature forms.
Geotechnical engineering handbook (2002)

Spread Foundations (U. Smoltczyk, et al.).Pile Foundations (H. Kempfert, et al.).Caissons (H. Lingenfelser).Stability of Excavations (A. Weissenbach, et al.).Bored Pile Walls, Diaphragm Walls, Cut-off Walls (M. Stocker & B. Walz).Sheet Pile Walls for Harbours and Waterways (B. Mazurkiewicz).Gravity Retaining Walls (U. Smoltczyk).Machine Foundations (G. Klein & D. Klein).Foundations in Mining Regions (D. Placzek).Watertight Buildings and Structures (A. Haack & K. Emig).Subject Index.
Value of routine funduscopy in patients with hypertension: systematic review (2005)

Evidence is lacking that routine funduscopy is of additional value in the management of hypertensive patients.
The influence of matrix stiffness on the behavior of brain metastatic breast cancer cells in a biomimetic hyaluronic acid hydrogel platform (2018)

Breast cancer brain metastasis marks the most advanced stage of breast cancer no longer considered curable with a median survival period of ∼4-16 months. Apart from the genetic susceptibility (subtype) of breast tumors, brain metastasis is also dictated by the biophysical/chemical interactions of tumor cells with native brain microenvironment, which remain obscure, primarily due to the lack of tunable biomimetic in vitro models. To address this need, we utilized a biomimetic hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel platform to elucidate the impact of matrix stiffness on the behavior of MDA-MB-231Br cells, a brain metastasizing variant of the triple negative breast cancer line MDA-MB-231. We prepared HA hydrogels of varying stiffness (0.2-4.5 kPa) bracketing the brain relevant stiffness range to recapitulate the biophysical cues provided by brain extracellular matrix. In this system, we observed that the MDA-MB-231Br cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and migration significantly increased with the hydrogel stiffness. We also demonstrated that the stiffness based responses of these cells were mediated, in part, through the focal adhesion kinase-phosphoinositide-3 kinase pathway. This biomimetic material system with tunable stiffness provides an ideal platform to further the understanding of mechanoregulation associated with brain metastatic breast cancer cells. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1832-1841, 2018.
Depth Images: Representations and Real-Time Rendering (2006)

Depth Images are viable representations that can be computed from the real world using cameras and/or other scanning devices. The depth map provides 2-kD structure of the scene. A set of Depth Images can provide hole-free rendering of the scene. Multiple views need to blended to provide smooth hole-free rendering, however. Such a representation of the scene is bulky and needs good algorithms for real-time rendering and efficient representation. In this paper, we present a discussion on the Depth Image representation and provide a GPU-based algorithm that can render large models represented using DIs in real time. We then present a proxy-based compression scheme for Depth Images and provide results for the same. Results are shown on synthetic scenes under different conditions and on some scenes generated from images. Lastly, we initiate discussion on varying quality levels in IBR and show a way to create representations using DIs with different trade-offs between model size and rendering quality. This enables the use of this representation for a variety of rendering situations.
Tubedown-1, A novel acetyltransferase associated with blood vessel development (2000)

We have used an embryonic endothelial cell line (IEM cells) as an experimental system for identifying and characterizing new molecules which are regulated during blood vessel development. A novel gene isolated from IEM cells, tubedown-1 (tbdn-1), is expressed at high levels in unstimulated IEM cells and is downregulated during formation of capillary tube structures by the IEM cells induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in vitro. Tbdn-1 is also downregulated in M1 myeloid leukemia cells after differentiation in response to LIF in vitro. Tbdn-1 is homologous to the yeast NAT-1 N-terminal acetyltransferases and encodes a novel protein of approximately 69 kDa associated with an acetyltransferase activity. Levels and distribution of tbdn-1 expression are regulated in both endothelial and hematopoietic cells during development in tissues such as the yolk sac blood islands, heart, and liver blood vessels. In the adult, tbdn-1 expression is low or undetected in most organs examined with the exception of the atrial endocardium, the endothelial and myeloid compartments of bone marrow, and the remodeling vascular bed of atretic ovarian follicles. The distribution and regulation of expression of tbdn-1 suggest that this novel acetyltransferase may be involved in regulating vascular and hematopoietic development and physiologic angiogenesis.
RadBall<sup>™</sup>: A new departure for 3-D dosimetry (2009)

This paper describes a new device, RadBall™ for mapping environmental radiation fields, as found in the area of nuclear decontamination. The system consists of a specially shaped PRESAGE™ dosimeter, which sits inside a custom-designed lead collimator. This is imaged using optical CT to yield data from which the position of either point sources or extended objects may be reconstructed. The principle of the technique is explained, simulations and preliminary data are given and the current design of the dosimeter and collimator are presented.
New Strategy of Lossy Text Compression (2010)

This paper proposes a new strategy that is based on the signal processing tools applied to text compression of files namely, the wavelet transform and the fourier transform. The influence of compression size and threshold of wavelet filters and the fourier transform as well as two parameters: families of wavelet filters and decomposition levels, on compression factor of text files are investigated. The experimental results are shown that the wavelet and the fourier transforms are suitable for lossy text compression with non-stationary text signal files. In addition, the fourier transform is the most suitable with files which have same characters such as aaa.txt and aaaa.txt files. However, the results of wavelet and fourier transforms are loss less text compression with stationary text signal files (aaa.txt and aaaa.txt files). This research also represents a step forwards dealing with both images and text compression i.e. multimedia compression.
Experimental pulmonary inflammatory injury in the monkey. (1985)

Inflammatory pulmonary injury was induced in Macaca mulatta rhesus monkeys by the intrabronchial instillation of the formylated peptide norleu-leu-phe (FNLP) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Indicators of pulmonary injury included an increase in mean protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from 0.51 mg/ml in untreated animals to 3.74 mg/ml and 6.64 mg/ml in FNLP- and PMA-treated animals, respectively, the appearance of a diffuse pulmonary infiltrate in chest roentgenograms, and histologic evidence of a predominantly neutrophilic leukocytic infiltration. Concomitant with the appearance of pulmonary injury was the generation of proteases and oxidants in the BAL fluids. Neutrophil elastase, bound to alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI), was found to increase from 0.47 micrograms/ml in untreated monkeys to 0.99 micrograms/ml in FNLP-treated animals and 1.23 micrograms/ml in monkeys receiving PMA. Radioiodinated human prekallikrein, instilled for 2 min into the inflammatory site and retrieved by lavaging, was found to have undergone proteolytic cleavage; this cleavage was not consistently inhibitable with the inclusion of antibody to elastase. BAL fluids were shown to contain an amidolytic activity when tested on the synthetic substrate H-D-pro-phe-arg-pNA. This activity was partially inhibitable with known inhibitors of active Hageman factor and kallikrein. beta-Glucuronidase levels in the BAL fluids increased from 0.85 U/ml to 4.36 U/ml and 8.25 U/ml in FNLP- and PMA-treated animals, respectively. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels also increased from 1.37 OD U/ml X min to 16.59 and 30.47 OD U/ml X min in the same groups of animals. Oxidant generation was also assessed in several different ways. The specific activity of the oxidant-sensitive inhibitor alpha 1-PI recovered in the BAL fluid decreased from 0.80 in control samples to 0.57 and 0.65 in FNLP- and PMA-treated animals. That this inactivation was due to oxidant injury of the molecule was confirmed by the return to full activity of four out of five BAL samples after their incubation with the reducing agent dithiothreitol in the presence of methionine sulfoxide peptide reductase. The specific activity of catalase in the BAL fluids of animals given 3-amino, 1,2,4 triazole (AT) 1 h before lavaging showed drops from 0.97 in untreated monkeys to 0.04 in FNLP-treated and 0.49 in PMA-treated monkeys. MPO levels also fell in the AT-treated injured animals from 16.59 to 0.85 delta OD/min X ml in FNLP animals in the absence and presence of AT, and 30.47 to 0.60 delta OD/min X ml in PMA-treated animals. Inhibition of MPO by AT was shown in vitro to be H2O2 dependent. Total glutathione levels in the BAL fluids did not change appreciably after FNLP or PMA treatment. These studies present substantial evidence of the generation of both proteases and oxidants during the establishment of acute pulmonary inflammatory injury in an experimental primate model.