gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokine production by mouse myeloid dendritic cells in relation to differentiation and terminal maturation induced by lipopolysaccharide or CD40 ligation (2001)

Although it is known that dendritic cells (DCs) produce cytokines, there is little information about how cytokine synthesis is regulated during DC development. A range of cytokine mRNA/proteins was analyzed in immature (CD86-) or mature (CD86+) murine bone marrow (BM)- derived DCs. Highly purified, flow-sorted, immature DCs exhibited higher amounts of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA/protein than mature DCs. After differentiation, DC up-regulated the levels of IL-6 and IL-15 mRNA/protein and synthesized de novo mRNA/protein for IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and IL-18. Although immature BM-derived DCs did not stimulate naive allogeneic T cells, mature DCs elicited a mixed population of T helper (Th) 1 (mainly) and Th2 cells in 3d-mixed leukocyte reactions. CD86+ BM DCs switched to different cytokine patterns according to whether they were terminally differentiated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or CD40 ligation. Although both stimuli increased IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-15, and TNF-alpha mRNA/protein levels, only LPS up-regulated transcription of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12p35, and MIF genes. Although LPS and CD40 cross-linking increased the T-cell allostimulatory function of BM DCs, only LPS stimulation shifted the balance of naive Th differentiation to Th1 cells, a mechanism dependent on the up-regulation of IL-12p35 and not of IL-23. These results demonstrate that, depending on the stimuli used to terminally mature BM DCs, DCs synthesize a different pattern of cytokines and exhibit distinct Th cell-driving potential.
Membrane structure and permeation properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/liquid crystal composite membrane (1984)

Abstract A series of polymer/liquid crystal composite membranes, at several weight ratios, was prepared casting from a tetrahydrofuran solution of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with N ‐(4‐ethoxy‐benzylidene)‐4′‐butylaniline (EBBA). From the thermal analysis, microscopic observation, mechanical property, and gas permeation studies, the properties for a series of PVC/EBBA composite membranes were derived. DSC showed that PVC and EBBA were quite miscible and EBBA in composite membranes at below 30 wt % was molecularly dispersed without forming crystal domains. Morphological observations exhibited that EBBA molecules interpenetrated in a continuous phase among the 3‐dimensional spongy networks of PVC matrix in the case of the 40/60 (PVC/EBBA, in wt %) composite membrane. Stable retention of EBBA in the composite membrane and its high mechanical durability might arise from such an aggregation structure. The permeability coefficients to oxygen gas, P 02 and nitrogen one, P N2 through the 40/60 (PVC/EBBA) composite membrane showed a discontinuous jump with a several–tenfold increase in the vicinity of the crystal–nematic transition temperature T KN of EBBA. The magnitudes of P 02 and the separation factors P 02 / P N2 above T KN were of the order of 10 −9 cm 3 (STP) cm −1 s −1 cm Hg −1 and 2–3, respectively. The value of P 02 / P N2 reached a maximum just above T KN . The P 02 − P 02 / P N2 relationship above T KN exhibited an unusual behavior as P 02 / P N2 increased with an increase in P 02 .
Diamagnetically levitated robots: An approach to massively parallel robotic systems with unusual motion properties (2012)

Using large numbers of micro robots to build unique macrostructures has long been a vision in both popular and scientific media. This paper describes a new class of machines, DiaMagnetic Micro Manipulator (DM3) systems, for controlling many small robots. The robots are diamagnetically levitated with zero wear and zero hysteresis and are driven using conventional circuits. System test results have reported unusual motion properties, including exceptional open loop repeatability of motion (200 nm rms) and relative speeds (37.5 cm/s or 217 body lengths/s) [1]. A system using 130 micro robots as small as 1.7 mm with densities up to 12.5 robots/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> has been demonstrated. This paper reports initial data on robot trajectories, and shows that open loop trajectory repeatabilities on the order of 0.8 µm rms or better are feasible in a levitated state compared with 15 µm rms repeatability in a non-levitated state with surface contact. These results suggest an encouraging path to complex micro-robotic systems with broad capabilities.
Push Technology Personalization through Event Correlation (2000)

“Push Technology” stands for the ability to transfer information as a reaction to event occurrence. This demonstration proposal describes Amit, a middleware framework that resolves a major problem in this area: the gap that exists between events that are reported by various channels, and the actual cases in which the user needs to react to, hereby called; reactive situations. These situations are composition of events or other situations (for example, “when atleast four events of the same type occurred”) or content filtering on events (for example, “only events that relate to IBM stocks”) or both (“when atleast four purchases of more than 50,000 shares have been performed on IBM stocks in a single week”). This paper describes the generic application development tool, the middleware architecture and framework, and describes the demo.
The prevalence and management of onychomycosis in diabetic patients. (2000)

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing throughout the world. Diabetic patients must cope with the serious complications of this condition, such as renal disease, retinopathy and the diabetic foot. To date, very few studies have examined the prevalence of onychomycosis among diabetic subjects. However, two recent studies highlight an increased incidence of onychomycosis and other superficial fungal infections in these patients. Nail and other fungal skin infections pose a greater risk in this patient population because of the possible sequelae. In addition, impaired sensation in the lower extremities can mask minor abrasions and ulcerations on a diabetic patient's foot, which may develop into serious bacterial infections and contribute to the severity of the diabetic foot. Given the potential morbidity that may result from fungal infections of the extremities, effective treatment is of paramount importance. An ideal antifungal agent should combine a broad spectrum of activity with good efficacy and a favorable safety profile.
Acid and metal salt catalyzed hydrolyses of PO2F2- and PO3F2- (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid and metal salt catalyzed hydrolyses of PO2F2- and PO3F2-Mark Martin Jones and Howell R. ClarkCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 1, 28–33Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50095a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50095a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electron transfer to and from molecules containing multiple, noninteracting redox centers. Electrochemical oxidation of poly(vinylferrocene) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron transfer to and from molecules containing multiple, noninteracting redox centers. Electrochemical oxidation of poly(vinylferrocene)James B. Flanagan, Shlomo Margel, Allen J. Bard, and Fred C. AnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 13, 4248–4253Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00481a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00481a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1882Altmetric-Citations604LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Practical Synthesis of a <i>C</i>-Glycosyl Flavonoid via <i>O</i> → <i>C</i> Glycoside Rearrangement (1995)

Abstract The C-glycosylation of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride and 2-acetylphloroglucinol 3,5-bis(alkyl ether) in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate as an activator stereoselectively gave the β-C-glucoside in a good yield via O → C glycoside rearrangement. Subsequently, aldol condensation of the C-glucoside with benzaldehyde afforded the corresponding β-C-glucosyl chalcone in a good yield.
Multielectrode DBR laser diode for wide bandwidth and flat FM response (1989)

A flat red-shifted FM response over a 1 GHz bandwidth has been achieved in a newly fabricated three-electrode DBR LD. Since the DBR structure makes it possible to tune the wavelength without distorting the FM characteristics, the LD is suitable for transmitters in optical FDM communications using FSK lightwaves.
Classification of homogeneous ethylene‐octene copolymers based on comonomer content (1996)

Ethylene-octene copolymers prepared by Dow's INSITE™ constrained geometry catalyst technology present a broad range of solid-state structures from highly crystalline, lamellar morphologies to the granular morphology of low crystallinity copolymers. As the comonomer content increases, the accompanying tensile behavior changes from necking and cold drawing typical of a semicrystalline thermoplastic to uniform drawing and high recovery characteristic of an elastomer. Although changes in morphological features and tensile properties occur gradually with increasing comonomer content, the combined body of observations from melting behavior, morphology, dynamic mechanical response, yielding, and large-scale deformation suggest a classification scheme with four distinct categories. Materials with densities higher than 0.93 g/cc, type IV, exhibit a lamellar morphology with well-developed spherulitic superstructure. Type III polymers with densities between 0.93 and 0.91 g/cc have thinner lamellae and smaller spherulites. Type II materials with densities between 0.91 and 0.89 g/cc have a mixed morphology of small lamellae and bundled crystals. These materials can form very small spherulites. Type I copolymers with densities less than 0.89 g/cc have no lamellae or spherulites. Fringed micellar or bundled crystals are inferred from the low degree of crystallinity, the low melting temperature, and the granular, nonlamellar morphology. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8‐Chloro‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[e][1,4]‐diazepine‐2,3‐diones as Potential NMDA Receptor Glycine Site Antagonists. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Data–Frame Theory of Sensemaking (2007)

Throughout the history of psychology, from its earliest philosophical phase
through to modern times, it has always been taken as an empirical fact that
humans have a faculty to understand. This has been referred to as judgment, apprehension, apperception, and other processes (cf. Woodworth,
1938) in which meanings are ascribed to things that are perceived or
known. Typically, both theory and research focused on how people understand individual simple stimuli (e.g., individual letters, words, colored geometric forms, etc.). During the era of “verbal behavior” and the rise of
psycholinguistics from the ashes of behaviorism, a process called “comprehension” became the subject of much inquiry. Again, both theory and research focused on how people understand simple stimuli such as words,
sentences, or text passages (cf. Clark & Clark, 1977).
An Integrated Environment Based on Augmented Reality and Sensing Device for Manual Assembly Workstations (2016)

One of the main problems encountered in manual assembly workstations is human error in performing the operations. Several approaches are currently used to face this problem, such as intensive training of personnel, poka-yoke devices or invasive sensing systems (e.g. sensing gloves) used for monitoring the process and detect wrong procedures or errors in joining the parts. This paper proposes an innovative system based on the interaction between a force sensor and an augmented reality (AR) equipment used to give to the worker the necessary information about the correct assembly sequence and to alert him in case of errors. The force sensor is placed under the workbench and it is used to monitor the assembly process by collecting force and torque data with respect to an XYZ reference system; a pattern recognition technique allows the error identification and the selection of the appropriate recovery procedure. Two AR devices have been tested in this application: a video-mixing spatial display and an optical see-through apparatus, comparing the pro and cons of these two solutions. The first device includes a CCD camera positioned over the workstation and an LCD display used by the worker as a support for the correct execution of assembly operations and receiving instructions about recovery procedures. The latter consists of a head mounted display (HMD) having the capability of reflecting projected images in front of the worker's eyes, allowing a real-world view with the superimposition of virtual objects. The CCD camera is also used for identifying errors that are not detectable by the force sensor. At the end, a case study concerning a typical assembly procedure is presented and discussed.
Pressure-derived versus pressure wave amplitude–derived indices of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity in relation to early clinical state and 12-month outcome following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (2012)

The IAAC, which is based on single ICP-ABP wave identification, relates significantly to the early clinical state and 12-month outcome following aneurysmal SAH. Impaired cerebrovascular pressure regulation during the 1st week after a bleed relates to a worse outcome. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NO.: NCT00248690.
A deduplication study for host-side caches in virtualized data center environments (2013)

Flash memory-based caches inside VM hypervisors can reduce I/O latencies and offload much of the I/O traffic from network-attached storage systems deployed in virtualized data centers. This paper explores the effectiveness of content deduplication in these large (typically 100s of GB) host-side caches. Previous deduplication studies focused on data mostly at rest in backup and archive applications. This study focuses on cached data and dynamic workloads within the shared VM infrastructure. We analyze I/O traces from six virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) I/O storms and two longterm CIFS studies and show that deduplication can reduce the data footprint inside host-side caches by as much as 67%. This in turn allows for caching a larger portion of the data set and improves the effective cache hit rate. More importantly, such increased caching efficiency can alleviate load from networked storage systems during I/O storms when most VM instances perform the same operation such as virus scans, OS patch installs, and reboots.
Shift from Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase to AKT/cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Pathway Increases Survival-Motor-Neuron Expression in Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy-Like Mice and Patient Cells (2013)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a recessive neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by the selective loss of spinal motor neurons. No available therapy exists for SMA, which represents one of the leading genetic causes of death in childhood. SMA is caused by a mutation of the survival-of-motor-neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, leading to a quantitative defect in the survival-motor-neuron (SMN) protein expression. All patients retain one or more copies of the SMN2 gene, which modulates the disease severity by producing a small amount of stable SMN protein. We reported recently that NMDA receptor activation, directly in the spinal cord, significantly enhanced the transcription rate of the SMN2 genes in a mouse model of very severe SMA (referred as type 1) by a mechanism that involved AKT/CREB pathway activation. Here, we provide the first compelling evidence for a competition between the MEK/ERK/Elk-1 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/CREB signaling pathways for SMN2 gene regulation in the spinal cord of type 1 SMA-like mice. The inhibition of the MEK/ERK/Elk-1 pathway promotes the AKT/CREB pathway activation, leading to (1) an enhanced SMN expression in the spinal cord of SMA-like mice and in human SMA myotubes and (2) a 2.8-fold lifespan extension in SMA-like mice. Furthermore, we identified a crosstalk between ERK and AKT signaling pathways that involves the calcium-dependent modulation of CaMKII activity. Together, all these data open new perspectives to the therapeutic strategy for SMA patients.
Cancer treatment with inhibitors of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasmin (2000)

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator-plasmin system plays an important role in many normal physiological processes including clot lysis, wound healing, embryogenesis and tissue remodelling. It is also involved in the pathogenesis of human malignancy through its ability to mediate tumour cell growth, invasion and metastatic dissemination. Interfering with this system is an appealing approach for experimental therapy of malignancy for several reasons. This concept is supported by a wealth of preclinical data. Evidence exists suggesting a role for this system in several major human tumour types. Preliminary evidence suggests that agents which block this pathway are effective in therapeutic doses that are already defined and relatively non-toxic. This form of treatment is not likely to carry cross-resistance with other types of cancer therapy and should be applicable to both localised and advanced tumours. Since heterogeneity in responsiveness among various tumour types is expected, clinical effects in given tumours would provide a basis for interpreting mechanisms of tumour progression in vivo and for future development of drugs with improved efficacy. Inhibition of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator-plasmin system remains a promising, but largely untested, area of experimental cancer therapeutics.
Polyol‐Mediated Synthesis of Nanoscale Functional Materials (2003)

Abstract Nanoscale functional materials such as luminescent materials (ZnS:Ag + , Cl – ; LaPO 4 :Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ ; Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ ), color pigments (CoAl 2 O 4 ; Cr 2 O 3 ; ZnCo 2 O 4 ; (Ti 0.85 Ni 0.05 Nb 0.10 )O 2 ; α‐Fe 2 O 3 ; Cu(Fe,Cr)O 4 ; TiO 2 ), transparent conducting oxides (ZnO:In 3+ ), and catalytically active oxides (CeO 2 ; Mn 3 O 4 ; V 2 O 5 ) are prepared with the polyol method. All these materials are yielded as crystalline, spherical, and almost monodisperse particles, 30–200 nm in size. Characterization is carried out based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), optical spectroscopy, and conductance measurements. The preparation via the polyol method is singled out due to its broad and easy applicability. The resulting material properties are similar to or better than nanoscale materials prepared by other measures. Some materials and their properties, e.g., ZnS:Ag + ,Cl – as a phosphor, ZnCo 2 O 4 and Cu(Fe,Cr)O 4 as pigments, and ZnO:In 3+ as transparent conductive oxide, are presented for the first time at the nanoscale.
Ridge Preservation Utilizing an Acellular Dermal Allograft and Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft: Part II. Immediate Endosseous Implant Placement (2000)

When maxillary anterior teeth are extracted, subsequent ridge collapse can significantly compromise esthetics. Preservation of an adequate volume of bone is vital to successful implant placement. Ridge preservation achieved utilizing an acellular dermal matrix as a barrier membrane with a demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft has been previously reported. In this case presentation, guided bone regeneration was achieved around an immediate endosseous implant when this same technique was used. As in the previous case reports, this technique demonstrated an acceptable esthetic result with virtually no loss of ridge height or width. Soft tissue dimensions were also preserved. Both the hard and soft tissue grafts were well accepted by the body and healing was rapid and without significant discomfort. This surgical technique provides the clinician with an option to provide immediate implant therapy when primary closure cannot be achieved.
When Arduino Meets Kinect: An Intelligent Ambient Home Entertainment Environment (2014)

This paper describes an gesture-based system suitable for use in a party. With the Microsoft Kinect for Windows sensor, LEDs or lamps, Arduino, and a set of Relay Shield for Arduino, our module creates an immersive ambient entertainment environment that is responsive and sensitive to the presence of users reflected by their gestures, feet movements, and can roughly recognize users' mood based on their facial expressions. We use C# to develop Kinect for Windows application to detect a single user (full skeletal) movement and facial expression. In response to the user's feet/leg movement, the external LED spotlight will be turned on via Arduino Uno and its Relay Shield. The facial expression will be transferred into mood detection module. A higher mood will be used to control ambient light and play music at the same time. That said, a USB port will be used to connect the Kinect sensor, and one or two more USB ports will be used to connect to the Arduino kits. A servo-motor will be used to rotate spotlights.