gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural balancing of three-level neutral-point-clamped PWM inverters (2002)

This paper explores the natural balancing mechanisms of the three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) multilevel inverter. An equivalent circuit of the three-level NPC inverter is derived that facilitates an understanding of the balancing mechanisms. This is followed by a detailed analysis of the balancing mechanisms. The theory is applied to a three-level NPC inverter under vector control. It is shown that this inverter possesses natural balancing mechanisms in which the load impedance and spectra of the switching functions play an important role. Finally, it is illustrated how the natural balancing can be enhanced by using a passive balancing circuit which provides a low impedance at the sampling frequency.
Verifiable ASICs (2016)

A manufacturer of custom hardware (ASICs) can undermine the intended execution of that hardware, high-assurance execution thus requires controlling the manufacturing chain. However, a trusted platform might be orders of magnitude worse in performance or price than an advanced, untrusted platform. This paper initiates exploration of an alternative: using verifiable computation (VC), an untrusted ASIC computes proofs of correct execution, which are verified by a trusted processor or ASIC. In contrast to the usual VC setup, here the prover and verifier together must impose less overhead than the alternative of executing directly on the trusted platform. We instantiate this approach by designing and implementing physically realizable, area-efficient, high throughput ASICs (for a prover and verifier), in fully synthesizable Verilog. The system, called Zebra, is based on the CMT and Allspice interactive proof protocols, and required new observations about CMT, careful hardware design, and attention to architectural challenges. For a class of real computations, Zebra meets or exceeds the performance of executing directly on the trusted platform.
Anatomical characteristics and three-dimensional model of the dog dorsal lateral geniculate body (1999)

The morphological and laminar characteristics of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN) of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) were studied by three-dimensional computer reconstruction of labeled retinal afferents following intraocular HRP injections. As previously reported, the dog LGN consisted of layers A, A1, C, C1, C2, and C3. Layers A, C, and C2 receive contralateral-eye inputs, and layers A1 and C1 ipsilateral inputs. The dog MIN was found to have four orderly interdigitating layers; layers 1, 2, 3, and 4, medial to lateral. MIN layers 1 and 3 received contralateral inputs, and layers 2 and 4 ipsilateral inputs. Layer 1 had the largest soma of all LGN/MIN layers. LGN layer A was partially separated into medial and lateral subdivisions by a cleft free of somata. The overall three-dimensional shape of the lateral geniculate body was like the letter C, with the convex part of the C directed posteriorly. The relative volume of the MIN was smaller than in the cat; the canine MIN comprised 8.3% of the combined volume of layers A, A1 and the MIN, while that of the cat comprised 14.2% as estimated from Sanderson's map. The volume of all contralateral-eye layers, combining both LGN and MIN, was 31.2 mm(3) (78%), and that for ipsilateral layers was 8.6 mm(3) (22%). The ratio of ipsilateral to contralateral laminar volumes is much lower in the dog than in the cat.
The place of fetal liver transplantation in the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism (1991)

Summary Over the last 16 years, 202 fetal tissue transplants have been performed in our department to treat 29 patients with severe inborn errors of metabolism without immunodeficiency, 26 patients with congenital and severe immunodeficiency diseases, and 2 patients with severe aplastic anaemia. The actuarial survival curve of patients with inborn errors of metabolism treated with fetal liver transplantation shows a 12‐year survival of 77%. The condition of many of these patients has been improved by the treatment, but transplantation has had to be repeated in order to maintain clinical amelioration. Enzyme levels were not significantly and durably increased in peripheral blood but the quantities of substrates detected in sera and urines were significantly reduced and tissue deposits were stabilized.
SELECTIVE AORTIC ARCH PERFUSION DURING CARDIAC ARREST (1994)

Read Online: Critical Care Medicine | Society of Critical Care Medicine Critical Care Medicine is the premier peer-reviewed, scientific publication in critical care medicine. Learn more about the journal and subscribe today! Editor-in-Chief: Timothy G. Buchman, PhD, MD, MCCM
Validating data from smart sensors (1994)

Intelligent sensors were fabricated having self-diagnosing ability to carry out efficient fault detection. The advent of fieldbus which enables sensors to produce a number of parameters ensured the proliferation of this trend. In this article the generation and interpretation of diagnostic information were discussed. The Sensor Validation Project set the validity criteria of measurement, designating two parameters: the Validated Uncertainty and the Measurement Value Status. This will hopefully set the standard for delineating sensor data validity.
Efficient admission control for EDF schedulers (2002)

We present algorithms for flow admission control at an EDF link scheduler when the flows are characterized by peak rate, average rate and burst size. We show that the algorithms have very low computational complexity and are easily applicable in practice. The complexity can be further decreased by introducing the notion of flex classes. We evaluate the penalty in efficiency that the classes incur to the EDF scheduler. We find that this efficiency degradation can be made arbitrarily small and is acceptable even for a small number of classes.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors as Prospective Agents for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Neoplastic Diseases (2006)

Acting on a broad spectrum of extracellular, intracellular, and membrane-associated substrates, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical to the biological processes of organisms; when aberrantly expressed, many pathological conditions may be born or exacerbated. The prospect of MMP inhibition for therapeutic benefit in cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke is reviewed here. MMP inhibitor (MMPI) development constitutes an important branch of research in both academic and industrial settings and advances our knowledge on the structure-function relationship of MMPs. Targeting MMPs in disease treatment is complicated by the fact that MMPs are indispensable for normal development and physiology and by their multi-functionality, possible functional redundancy or contradiction, and context-dependent expression and activity. This complexity was revealed by previous efforts to inhibit MMP activity in the treatment of cancer patients that yielded unsatisfactory results. This review focuses on MMPI development since the late 90s, in terms of natural products and their derivatives, and synthetic compounds of low molecular mass incorporating specific zinc-binding groups (ZBGs). A few polyphenols and flavonoids that exhibit MMPI activities may have chemopreventive and neuro- and cardiovascular-protective effects. A new generation of potent and selective MMPIs with novel ZBGs and inhibition mechanisms have been designed, synthesized, and tested. Although only one collagenase inhibitor (Periostat, doxycycline hyclate) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a drug for the treatment of periodontal disease, new hope is emerging in the form of natural and synthetic MMPIs for the prevention and treatment of stroke, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other medical conditions.
Role for p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase in Platelet Aggregation Caused by Collagen or a Thromboxane Analogue (1996)

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was identified in platelets on the basis of (a) its reactivity with antibodies to C-terminal and N-terminal peptides, and (b) its ability to activate MAPK-activated protein kinase-2, which phosphorylates the small heat shock protein, hsp27. p38 MAPK was activated in platelets by collagen fibers, a collagen-related cross-linked peptide, thrombin, or the thromboxane analogue U46619. A highly specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, a pyridinyl imidazole known as SB203580, inhibited the platelet enzyme in vitro (IC50 ~ 0.5 μM). At similar concentrations it also inhibited agonist-stimulated phosphorylation of hsp27 in platelets, and platelet aggregation and secretion induced by minimal aggregatory concentrations of collagen or U46619, but not thrombin. Inhibition of aggregation was overcome by increasing agonist dose. SB203580 might act by inhibiting thromboxane generation, but this was only inhibited by 10-20% at low agonist concentrations.p38 MAPK provides a crucial signal, which is necessary for aggregation caused by minimal concentrations of collagen fibers or U46619. Thrombin or high doses of these agonists generate signals that bypass the enzyme, or render the enzyme no longer rate-limiting. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was identified in platelets on the basis of (a) its reactivity with antibodies to C-terminal and N-terminal peptides, and (b) its ability to activate MAPK-activated protein kinase-2, which phosphorylates the small heat shock protein, hsp27. p38 MAPK was activated in platelets by collagen fibers, a collagen-related cross-linked peptide, thrombin, or the thromboxane analogue U46619. A highly specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, a pyridinyl imidazole known as SB203580, inhibited the platelet enzyme in vitro (IC50 ~ 0.5 μM). At similar concentrations it also inhibited agonist-stimulated phosphorylation of hsp27 in platelets, and platelet aggregation and secretion induced by minimal aggregatory concentrations of collagen or U46619, but not thrombin. Inhibition of aggregation was overcome by increasing agonist dose. SB203580 might act by inhibiting thromboxane generation, but this was only inhibited by 10-20% at low agonist concentrations. p38 MAPK provides a crucial signal, which is necessary for aggregation caused by minimal concentrations of collagen fibers or U46619. Thrombin or high doses of these agonists generate signals that bypass the enzyme, or render the enzyme no longer rate-limiting.
Ultra-shallow depth profiling with secondary ion mass spectrometry (2004)

Estimation methods for ultra-shallow profiling with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) were investigated. The depth and concentration of ultra-shallow profiles were calibrated using multi-delta-doped samples and bulk-doped samples. Boron profiles, whose implantation energy is 200 eV or less, were measured by backside SIMS analysis in order to minimize the atomic mixing effect. This analysis enabled accurate junction depth measurements for even 200 eV boron implanted samples when the primary oxygen ion energy was 500 eV or less, but the sample preparation time was relatively long. SIMS depth resolution functions were then extracted from surface-side and backside (true) profiles in order to deconvolute degraded surface-side profiles. This deconvolution analysis of SIMS (surface-side) profiles, using the depth resolution functions, provided profiles of similar quality to those obtained by backside SIMS analysis and was a relatively quick process.
20세기 미술양식이 활용된 패션의 텍스타일 디자인에 관한 연구 -20세기 후반 패션 디자이너 작품을 중심으로- (2001)

The present study looked into the way in which various plastic techniques in the artistic styles have been applied to the fashion textile design, by analyzing and considering the 20th century artistic trends and the works of modern designers. Assuming that the source of originality in the modern fashion design was the contemporary artistic styles, this study attempted to examine the effects of each style of so many ``-isms`` in art on the textile design, and to clarify the source of inspiration in the fashion design and the conceiving techniques of its originality. Based on the theories that have reasoned the relationship between art and fashion, this study reviewed the literature about the trends of both fashion and art and analyzed the relevant works of each trend, The result of this analysis and the reasoning demonstrated that the artistic trends had enormous influence on the fashion design. Recently, the tendency of showing creativity and uniqueness of fashion design by creating the characteristic patterns and fabrics, which were introduced from the artistic styles, has been noticeable among the modern fashion designers. Almost all the possible attempts have been tried in terms of silhouettes and details as much as nothing new could be created any more. Therefore, originality can be expressed only by the now methods of combining them. However, thxtile design has a characteristic capability of various expressions, thus the possibility of creation and its scope are very broad. Textile design has a limitless possibility in terms of the methods of expression, such as: (1) a two-dimensional planar method of expression. in which the traits of the genuine paintings were reflected; (2) a three-dimensional cubical expression using various objets; and (3) the non-fabric, which is a special material. Therefore, this study analyzed the 20th century artistic styles in the plasticity and in the method of expression. In order to see how these artistic styles have been expressed in the textile design, the method of design and its source of idea were compared and considered by analyzing the paintings of the times and the works of modern fashion designers The results showed that the plastic characteristics of each artistic style had been applied to the works of modern fashion designers and had been expressed in the diverse and creative textile design. Among the elements that affect the field of fashion design, creativity gets the greatest influence by the artistic styles. The plastic forms and colors appeared in the artistic styles have a close relationship with fashion, and the common techniques tend to be used in both fields. Therefore, it is judged that the basis of the unique and original creation of the modern fashion could be found in the artistic styles most abundantly.
Interaction of a shock wave with a bubble screen (1999)

The passage of a shock wave through a layer of bubbly liquid is considered. An exact solution is constructed in the case of a normal screen with a pressure pulse in the form a semi-infinite step. The results of numerical modeling by a modified Godunov method are presented for long and short pressure pulses.
Medicines optimisation (2013)

Julie Hall discusses the reasoning behind the development of a prompt card for nurses to use when prescribing to reduce wastage and cost
Cable Design Approach For Partial Solution Of Lead Sensitivity Problems In Undersea Fiber Optic Sensor Systems (1988)

Design, analysis, manufacturing and testing of an electro-opto-mechanical (EOM) cable incorporating metal tube protected single-mode fibers is discussed with respect to application in undersea towing of fiber optic interferometric sensor arrays. An explaination for observed low-noise phase data transmission capability of this lead tow cable is given. Constraints related to the cable operational environment are considered in conjunction with cable analytical modelling and performance prediction.
Cutting balloon to treat carotid in-stent stenosis: technical note. (2003)

Carotid artery in-stent stenosis, a possible long-term complication of carotid angioplasty and stenting, is currently treated by inflation of a non-compliant angioplasty balloon. Better initial results and less recurrence of stenosis have been documented in the coronary literature with the use of the Cutting Balloon (CB, Boston Scientific Interventional Technologies, San Diego, California) for angioplasty, in comparison with traditional balloon angioplasty. We report our collective experience with the use of the CB to treat carotid in-stent stenosis in three patients. Excellent angiographic and clinical results were achieved. No complications occurred. The lesions in two patients were successfully treated with the CB alone; adjunctive stent placement was required in a third patient. Our experience demonstrates the feasibility and safety of the CB for the treatment of carotid in-stent stenosis in three patients. Due to the less traumatic nature of this balloon, its use may result in a lower occurrence of in-stent stenosis as compared to a conventional angioplasty balloon. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of the CB for carotid in-stent stenosis.
Inhibition of rat heart allograft rejection by a PUVA treatment of the graft recipient (1990)

Treatment of rat heart grafts with PUVA, the combination of the photosensitizer 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet light, leads to a prolonged transplant survival in allogeneic recipients. A PUVA treatment of the recipient rats, performed for 7 consecutive days after transplantation, prolonged graft survival even more effectively. This may be due to the systemic immunomodulatory effects of PUVA in the recipient. One of the mediators is urocanic acid, which is transformed by ultraviolet light in the skin from its trans- to the cis-isomer, which, in turn, acts as a mediator on the immune system. An injection of cisurocanic acid into graft recipients for 7 consecutive days after transplantation resulted in prolonged graft survival; in 40% of the rats, permanent graft acceptance was observed. The significance of these results for clinical organ transplantation is discussed.
EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT FRICTION CHARACTERISTICS (2000)

This synthesis report will be of interest to pavement design, construction, management, and research engineers, highway safety officials, and others concerned with pavement friction characteristics. It describes the current state of the practice for evaluating pavement friction characteristics. Information for the synthesis was collected by surveying U.S., Canadian, and international transportation agencies, and by conducting a literature search to gather additional information. This report of the Transportation Research Board provides information on wet pavement friction characteristics of new and restored pavements. It includes information on the methods for measuring and reporting friction and texture, causes for friction changes over time, and on the related aspects of aggregate and mix design to provide adequate friction. A limited amount of information on the impact of economic and legal considerations is also included. In addition, considerations of noise and ride quality are discussed when compromise may be required. The International Friction Index (IFI) is included with information on the measuring and reporting of friction and texture.
Reversible uptake of molecular oxygen and carbon monoxide by a new polyoxime–copper complex (1974)

The copper complex of a polyoxime, {[CH2]1·6[C(NOH)C(NOH)]0·8[C(O)]0·2} catalyzes the ‘Michael’type addition reaction of acrolein and an alcohol yielding exclusively β-alkoxypropionaldehyde, polymerizes acrylonitrile under H2 at 40–90 atm and reversibly takes up molecular oxygen and carbon monoxide even in methanol or water after being treated with hydrazine hydrate.
Supporting real-time and multimedia applications on the Mercuri testbed (1995)

This paper describes the distributed system, network and software architecture, the application development environment, the performance, and the early lessons learned on the ATM LAN testbed Mercuri established at the Honeywell Technology Center, to develop distributed multimedia technologies for real-time control applications. We have developed a client-server-based software architecture on Sun Sparcstation-2s connected by a Fore Systems' ASX-100 ATM switch, with video processing handled by Parallax's X Video cards. The architecture enables network-transparent applications and provides simple primitives for multimedia capture, display, transmission, storage, and retrieval. A real-time multimedia-in-the-loop control application was developed as the vehicle for testing the capabilities and performance of the network. Our test measurements focus on the end-user-level performance metrics such as message throughput and round-trip delay as well as video-frame jitter under no-load and load conditions. Our results show that the maximum burst throughput that can be supported at the user level is 48 Mb/s using AAL 5, while round-trip delays for 4-kbyte messages are about 3 ms. Our experience reveals a number of performance bottlenecks and open issues in using commercial ATM switches for practical applications. Our conclusions are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SF와 정신분석학: H. G. 웰즈의 『잠든 이 깨어나다』와 정신분석학의 조건 (2008)

The essay explores the theoretical condition of psychoanalysis in terms of Psychoanalysis is suffering from the criticism of psychology which is based on natural science and scientific positivism supporting the clinical theory of human mentality. For those accepting such a point of view psychoanalysis is regarded as a fiction on scientific themes, swerving from the scientific doctrine. My contention is against the opinion that psychoanalysis has stopped to exist as a scientific discourse; the essay argues that psychoanalysis still plays a key role in understanding the truth of science by suggesting a lacuna in the scientific edifice -- the place of subjectivity. Interestingly, the generic aspect of science fiction seems to prefigure the function of psychoanalysis, the conjectural science of the subject. The literary machine creates the pseudo-scientific imagination and brings a reader to the problem of scientific causality. Science fiction deals with scientific themes, but does not do it in the normative way of With fictive devices science fiction always attempts to raise the issue of subjectivity in the realm of Its discourse is about science, not about scientific doctrine in a positivistic way, but rather the condition of science in a fictive way. This proves the possibility of psychoanalytic intervention into scientific discourse in terms of conjectural science. Therefore, psychoanalysis shares a similar aspect with a literary text, but it is not evidence that psychoanalysis is nothing to do with
Multiscale Sparse Image Representationwith Learned Dictionaries (2007)

This paper introduces a new framework for learning multiscale sparse representations of natural images with overcomplete dictionaries. Our work extends the K-SVD algorithm [1], which learns sparse single-scale dictionaries for natural images. Recent work has shown that the K-SVD can lead to state-of-the-art image restoration results [2, 3]. We show that these are further improved with a multi-scale approach, based on a Quadtree decomposition. Our framework provides an alternative to multiscale pre-defined dictionaries such as wavelets, curvelets, and contourlets, with dictionaries optimized for the data and application instead of pre-modelled ones.