gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferon Susceptibility of Various Cell Lines Persistently Infected with Haemagglutinating Virus of Japan (HVJ) (1979)

Various cell lines persistently infected with para-influenza 1 virus, HVJ strain, were less susceptible to the antiviral action of interferon than the same cell lines when not infected with HVJ. When Vero cells persistently infected with a temperature-sensitive strain of HVJ were incubated at 38 degrees C, a non-permissive temperature, they became fully susceptible to interferon, whereas neither the haemadsorbing nor the cell-associated haemagglutinating activity of the virus was expressed. These findings suggest that the lowered interferon susceptibility of virus-carrier cells may be related to the maturation of virus in them. It was found that the low susceptibility of virus-carrier cells to interferon is not due to blocked adsorption of interferon or to inability of the cells to respond tointerferon. Studies with actinomycin D suggest that some step (or steps) before the synthesis of the messenger RNA for the antiviral protein is blocked.
Estimation of regional lung expansion via 3D image registration (2005)

A method is described to estimate regional lung expansion and related biomechanical parameters using multiple CT images of the lungs, acquired at different inflation levels. In this study, the lungs of two sheep were imaged utilizing a multi-detector row CT at different lung inflations in the prone and supine positions. Using the lung surfaces and the airway branch points for guidance, a 3D inverse consistent image registration procedure was used to match different lung volumes at each orientation. The registration was validated using a set of implanted metal markers. After registration, the Jacobian of the deformation field was computed to express regional expansion or contraction. The regional lung expansion at different pressures and different orientations are compared.
Characterization of recombinant C1 inhibitor P1 variants. (1992)

Twelve human C1 inhibitor P1 variants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis of the codon for arginine 444 and were expressed in COS-1 cells to analyze the functional properties. The ability to bind to target proteases, as well as potential substrate-like behavior, was investigated with radioimmunoassays. The P1-Lys variant retained binding capacity toward C1s, plasmin, and kallikrein. In addition, complex formation with C1s was detected for P1-Asn and P1-His. All other P1 substitutions resulted in C1 inhibitor variants that neither complexed with nor were inactivated by C1s, kallikrein, beta-factor XIIa, or plasmin. Electrophoretic studies confirmed that P1-Lys and P1-His can form sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant complexes with C1s. In contrast, the C1s-P1-Asn complex dissociated upon addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Kinetic experiments by the method of progress curves generated association rate constants (kon) with C1s of 4.2 x 10(4) M-1 s-1 for recombinant wild-type C1 inhibitor and 1.7 x 10(4) M-1 s-1 for P1-Lys. For P1-Asn and P1-His, kon was decreased approximately 100-fold. The results from inhibition experiments were compatible with a model of reversible inhibition, although the observed dissociation rate for wild-type C1 inhibitor is too low (1-2 x 10(-6) s-1) to be physiologically relevant. The overall inhibition constant (Ki) was estimated to be 0.03 nM. With P1-Asn, reversible inhibition could be demonstrated directly upon dilution of preformed complexes; the observed dissociation rate constant was 3.2 x 10(-4) s-1; and Ki increased to approximately 380 nM. These findings are discussed in relation to inhibitor specificity and inhibition mechanism.
Absorption and Exciton Emission by an Aggregated Cyanine Dye Occluded within Mesoporous SBA-15 (2002)

We report the formation of monomeric and J-aggregated 1,1‘-diethyl-3,3‘-di(4-sulfobutyl)-5,5‘,6,6‘-tetrachlorobenzimidazolocarbocyanine (referred to as TDBC) encapsulated within a silicate mesostructure, specifically SBA-15, under different pH conditions. To facilitate incorporation of TDBC, it was necessary to functionalize the interface of the synthesized SBA-15 for proper guest−host electrostatic interaction between the anionic dye and the inner core surface charge, through use of a silylation reagent, (aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, which at high pH values results in formation of −NH3+ surface species. XRD, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence measurements are used as spectroscopic tools to characterize SBA-15 host samples as well as composites consisting of the host and encapsulated molecules. J-aggregated TDBC occluded within SBA-15 represents a robust, new superradiant fluorescent nanomaterial.
A Simple, Exact Density-Functional-Theory Embedding Scheme (2012)

Density functional theory (DFT) provides a formally exact framework for quantum embedding. The appearance of nonadditive kinetic energy contributions in this context poses significant challenges, but using optimized effective potential (OEP) methods, various groups have devised DFT-in-DFT methods that are equivalent to Kohn-Sham (KS) theory on the whole system. This being the case, we note that a very considerable simplification arises from doing KS theory instead. We then describe embedding schemes that enforce Pauli exclusion via a projection technique, completely avoiding numerically demanding OEP calculations. Illustrative applications are presented using DFT-in-DFT, wave-function-in-DFT, and wave-function-in-Hartree-Fock embedding, and using an embedded many-body expansion.
Resistance of Pepper to Phytophthora Crown, Root, and Fruit Rot Is Affected by Isolate Virulence (2009)

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the virulence of four Phytophthora capsici isolates from Michigan to 31 bell and hot pepper cultivars and breeding lines. Resistance to crown and root rot was assessed following the inoculation of soilless media with P. capsici-infested millet seed. In a detached fruit assay, fruit rot resistance was evaluated following inoculation with zoospore suspensions of 1.75 × 10<sup>6</sup> zoospores/ml. The four isolates differed in virulence to pepper lines screened for crown and root rot resistance and were considered to be four different physiological races. The pepper lines CM334, NY07-8001, NY07-8006, and NY07-8007 were resistant to the isolates tested. None of the commercial cultivars were resistant to P. capsici isolate 12889, but several cultivars were resistant to the other isolates screened. The isolates varied in their ability to cause infection on the fruits of the different cultivars. Overall, pepper fruit were more susceptible to P. capsici than the roots and crowns. Management of Phytophthora crown and root rot of pepper can be improved through the use of resistant cultivars. However, since isolate virulence affects resistance, cultivar resistance will need to be utilized on a local scale accordingly.
Optimal antigen localization in human tissues using aldehyde-fixed plastic-embedded sections. (1985)

Although the utility of antigen labeling techniques in frozen tissues is well known, it is generally acknowledged that an improvement in morphologic preservation is desirable. Conventionally processed paraffin-embedded tissues are limited in the range of antigens that can be detected and newer plastic embedding techniques have been even more restricted. By using cold (4 degrees C) processing and limited fixation a wide range of antigens (including T and B markers) has been demonstrated in 2 mu plastic sections. The morphologic preservation and antigen localization are superior to other techniques. The combination of precise antigen localization and excellent morphologic preservation should expand the diagnostic and investigative uses of immunohistology.
A 1.8W3.5mA l.lGHd300MHz CMOS Dual PLL Frequency Synthesizer IC for RJ? Communications (1998)

Lbstract - This paper describes the design of a low-voltage ihase-locked loop (PLL) in a dual frequency synthesizer C. The dual frequency synlthesizer IC integrates a 1.1GHz 1F PLL, a 300MHz IF PLL, a circuit for the Colpitt’s oscilator, and two 8-bit DACs. The RF PLL, with an external ‘CO and loop filter, exhibits close-in phase noise of -72 IBc/Hz at 150Hz away from the carrier and spurious supiression of better than -65dBc over a wide charge pump uning range of 0.2V to Vdd-0.4V. The whole chip conumes 3.5mA at 1.8V power supply. This chip was fabriated in a 0.35 pm digital CMOS process with typical V,, nd Vtp of 0.6V and 0.8V respectively.
On assessing unidirectional latencies in packet-switched networks (2002)

This report presents a method to collect statistics about unidirectional delays in packet-switched inter- and intranetworks. The necessary synchronization of the computer clocks on source and target host is performed via a new approach that first determines the relative clock drift between these hosts, i.e. the difference in the frequency drifts of the oscillators. This measure is used to adjust the clock timestamps delivered by the target host. Upon synchronization of the clock phases a very accurate time offset between the network hosts can be estimated. Finally, the time-stamps obtained via the exchanged probe packets can be re-evaluated to compute the one-way delays on both transmission paths between the respective hosts.
Multifocal Electroretinograms Predict Onset of Diabetic Retinopathy in Adult Patients with Diabetes (2010)

mfERG IT is a good predictor of DR onset, 1 year later, in patients with diabetes without DR. It can be used to assess the risk for DR development in these patients and may be a valuable outcome measure in evaluation of novel prophylactic therapeutics directed at impeding DR.
PIWI: Visually Exploring Graphs Based on Their Community Structure (2012)

Community structure is an important characteristic of many real networks, which shows high concentrations of edges within special groups of vertices and low concentrations between these groups. Community related graph analysis, such as discovering relationships among communities, identifying attribute-structure relationships, and selecting a large number of vertices with desired structural features and attributes, are common tasks in knowledge discovery in such networks. The clutter and the lack of interactivity often hinder efforts to apply traditional graph visualization techniques in these tasks. In this paper, we propose PIWI, a novel graph visual analytics approach to these tasks. Instead of using Node-Link Diagrams (NLDs), PIWI provides coordinated, uncluttered visualizations, and novel interactions based on graph community structure. The novel features, applicability, and limitations of this new technique have been discussed in detail. A set of case studies and preliminary user studies have been conducted with real graphs containing thousands of vertices, which provide supportive evidence about the usefulness of PIWI in community related tasks.
Limb perfusion in the lower limb amputee—a comparative study using a laser Doppler flowmeter and a transcutaneous oxygen electrode (1987)

Accurate and objective assessment of amputation level in the lower limb plays an important role in patient management. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a new and noninvasive technique for skin blood flow measurement and has been used pre-operatively in 25 patients undergoing amputation for vascular disease and in five normal controls. Baseline flux measurements were made at room temperature on the medial aspect of legs and then again after local heating of the skin for five minutes. Transcutaneous oxygen measurements were made at the same site for comparison and amputation level in patients selected on this basis. Significant differences (p less than 0.001) in TcPO2 values were found between controls (10.9 +/- 0.5 kPa), below-knee (BK) amputees (6.0 +/- 1.5 kPa) and above-knee (AK) amputees (1.5 +/- 0.6 kPa). Baseline LDF flux did not differ significantly between any group. Heated flux values did however show a significant difference (p less than 0.005) between controls (52.4 +/- 23.5) and both BK (20.6 +/- 9.2) and AK groups (8.1 +/- 7.7) and also between the amputee groups. The relative increase in flux (heated flux/baseline flux) differed significantly between the BK (3.3 +/- 1.5) and AK (1.2 +/- 0.3) groups (p less than 0.001) and between these two and the controls (11.2 +/- 5.4) (p less than 0.001). The correlation between relative increase in flux and TcPO2 was 0.7 (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that laser Doppler flowmetry used in conjunction with thermal stressing could provide a quick, simple and non-invasive method for objectively determining amputation level in the lower limb.
Autophagy and viral neurovirulence (2008)

As terminally differentiated vital cells, neurons may be specialized to fight viral infections without undergoing cellular self-destruction. The cellular lysosomal degradation pathway, autophagy, is emerging as one such mechanism of neuronal antiviral defence. Autophagy has diverse physiological functions, such as cellular adaptation to stress, routine organelle and protein turnover, and innate immunity against intracellular pathogens, including viruses. Most of the in vivo evidence for an antiviral role of autophagy is related to viruses that specifically target neurons, including the prototype alphavirus, Sindbis virus, and the alpha-herpesvirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). In the case of HSV-1, viral evasion of autophagy is essential for lethal encephalitis. As basal autophagy is important in preventing neurodegeneration, and induced autophagy is important in promoting cellular survival during stress, viral antagonism of autophagy in neurons may lead to neuronal dysfunction and/or neuronal cell death. This review provides background information on the roles of autophagy in immunity and neuroprotection, and then discusses the relationships between autophagy and viral neurovirulence.
Asymmetric C−N Bond Constructions via Crotylsilane Addition Reactions:  A Stereocontrolled Route to Dipeptide Isosteres (1997)

A new approach to the asymmetric synthesis of (E)-olefin dipeptide isosteres is described based on asymmetric C−N bond constructions resulting from nitronium tetrafluoroborate (NO2BF4) promoted electrophilic nitrations of chiral (E)-crotylsilanes and from a copper(I)-catalyzed enantioselective aziridination of chiral (E)-crotylsilanes. The silane reagents undergo efficient anti-SE‘ additions to the nitrogen-based electrophiles to give the (E)-olefin isosteres in >96% de. The topological bias is principally controlled by the facial bias of the silane reagent. The scope of the methodology was explored via several related crotylsilane derivatives. The (E)-olefin isosteres are nonhydrolyzable, rigid analogs of the peptide linkage in biologically active peptides. The new methodology will facilitate the preparation and study of peptidomimetics since the crotylsilane reagents allow for incorporation of a wide range of functionality on the resulting isosteres.
The post-war development of fighter radar in Europe - A British perspective (2008)

This paper, focusing on fighter radar, covers the period of indigenous development that followed the British wartime expedient of reliance on US industry, particularly for airborne equipment. To set the story in context, the wartime history and the U.S. connection has to be sketched, since it provides important support to the theme, though it is not central to it. At each stage of development, the enabling technical principles are discussed in a historical context. It is important that younger people entering the field today have a link with the subject origins and that is the main motive behind the paper. It is intended as a light introduction, not as a definitive history. It is about inspiring enquiry and providing linkage, not about settling historical controversy. One value of history is the projection that it supports. As a basis for this, the importance of the three PRFs in configuring the coherent pulse train for air intercept is illustrated. The European evolution of active array implementation is discussed and quite naturally, the paper ends on prediction of European emphases for the next two decades in the field.
Evaluating the buffering capacity of various soft drinks, fruit juices and tea (2010)

In this in vitro study, it was found that packaged apple juice had the most buffering capacity with maximum erosive potential whereas green tea had the least.
Simian immunodeficiency viruses from African green monkeys display unusual genetic diversity (1990)

African green monkeys are asymptomatic carriers of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV), commonly called SIVagm. As many as 50% of African green monkeys in the wild may be SIV seropositive. This high seroprevalence rate and the potential for genetic variation of lentiviruses suggested to us that African green monkeys may harbor widely differing genotypes of SIVagm. To investigate this hypothesis, we determined the entire nucleotide sequence of an infectious proviral molecular clone of SIVagm (155-4) and partial sequences (long terminal repeat and Gag) of three other distinct SIVagm isolates (90, gri-1, and ver-1). Comparisons among the SIVagm isolates revealed extreme diversity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Long terminal repeat nucleotide sequences varied up to 35% and Gag protein sequences varied up to 30%. The variability among SIVagm isolates exceeded the variability among any other group of primate lentiviruses. Our data suggest that SIVagm has been in the African green monkey population for a long time and may be the oldest primate lentivirus group in existence.
Autoantibodies in Breast Cancer Identify Proteins Involved in Self- Renewal and Epigenetic Chromatin Remodeling (2010)

Recent studies have shown that autoantibodies developing in cancer patients are tumor-associated and are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Here we report a panel of signal transduction molecules with partial sequences identical to the oncogene Bmi-1, NIFK, a nucleolar protein interacting with the FHA domain of Ki- 67, TAB182, a protein interacting with tankyrase-1, CNOT6L, a subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex and to Elp3, a subunit of the elongator complex that are recognized as autoantigens by breast cancer sera with the ability to discriminate between invasive breast cancer and normal sera with high sensitivity and specificity. The proteins bearing the epitopes recognized by these antibodies have conserved regions involved in protein-protein interactions participating in regulatory processes such as self renewal, cell proliferation and survival, chromatin modulation, transcriptional silencing and organ patterning, usually ascribed to stem cell function. In this work we demonstrate by autoantigen microarray analysis that autoantibodies in breast cancer sera have the potential to delineate pathway connectivity. Our data indicate that several pathways involved in maintaining telomere stability are the target of an autoimmune reaction in breast cancer. These findings suggest that autoantibodies with the ability to recognize autoantigens involved in self-renewal and epigenetic chromatin remodeling have the potential to predict an invasive tendency of breast cancer.
The genetics of Leigh syndrome and its implications for clinical practice and risk management (2014)

Leigh syndrome, also referred to as subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, is a severe, early-onset neurodegenerative disorder that is relentlessly progressive and devastating to both the patient and the patient's family. Attributed to the ultimate failure of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, once it starts, the disease often results in the regression of both mental and motor skills, leading to disability and rapid progression to death. It is a mitochondrial disorder with both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The cause of death is most often respiratory failure, but there are a whole host of complications, including refractory seizures, that may further complicate morbidity and mortality. The symptoms may develop slowly or with rapid progression, usually associated with age of onset. Although the disease is usually diagnosed within the first year of life, it is important to note that recent studies reveal phenotypic heterogeneity, with some patients having evidence of in utero presentation and others having adult-onset symptoms.
Inexpensive acoustoelectric hydrophone for mapping high intensity ultrasonic fields (2008)

We describe an inexpensive alternative to conventional hydrophones for measuring ultrasonic fields. The hydrophone, composed of common laboratory supplies, depends on the acoustoelectric (AE) effect, a well-known interaction between electrical current and pressure. Beam patterns of a 540 kHz annular transducer captured using a bowtie graphite hydrophone were consistent with patterns obtained using conventional, more expensive hydrophones. The AE signal was proportional to both the applied bias current (1.83 µV/mA) and pressure (13.3 µV/MPa) with sensitivity better than 50 kPa. Disposable AE hydrophones may be an attractive alternative for clinical applications that require close monitoring of high intensity acoustic fields.
A Helical Antenna for Circular Polarization (1947)

A helical coil radiates a wave of circular polarization in a doughnut pattern if the area and pitch of the turns are properly related to the radianlength of the wave. For a coil whose dimensions are less than the radianlength, circular polarization requires that the area A of each turn and the pitch p be related to the radianlength l as follows: A=pl. The simplest form of helical antenna is a self-resonant coil of several turns. To obtain greater radiation power factor and efficiency, a multifilar winding is preferred, having a fractional turn for each of several helical wires connected in parallel with symmetry around the axis. This type of antenna offers television the advantages of circular polarization in suppressing echoes from reflecting surfaces.
COBALT AND INORGANIC COBALT COMPOUNDS (2006)

Cobalt is a naturally occurring element with a number of radioactive isotopes. It is a silvery grey solid at room temperatures. Sources of exposure are both natural and anthropogenic with the largest source of exposure to the general population is through the food supply. This Concise International Assessment Document (CICAD) evaluates the scientific literature on the health and environmental effects of cobalt and cobalt compounds based on selected national and regional evaluations. This CICAD focuses on the stable isotopes of cobalt rather than radioactive ones.
Cyclodextrin nephrosis in the rat. (1976)

The renal toxicity of the Schardinger dextrins, alpha and beta-cyclodextrin, is manifested as a series of alterations in the vacuolar organelles of the proximal convoluted tubule. These changes begin as an increase of apical vacuoles and the appearance of giant lysosomes. The giant lysosomes characteristic of cyclodextrin nephrosis are notable because of the prominent acicular microcrystals embedded in the lysosomal matrix. Giant vacuoles devoid of acid phosphatase reaction product are found in advanced lesions. The vacuolar apparatus shows advanced changes prior to manifestation of lesions in mitochondria and other organelles. These observations indicate a role of the vacuologenic apparatus in the nephrotic process. Intracellular concentration of toxin via the lysosomal pathway represents a perversion of the physiologic function of the proximal tubule which ultimately leads to cell death.