gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
209. Phenlpropiolic acids. Part VI. The cyclisation of dissimilarly substituted phenylpropiolic anhydrides to the corresponding 1-phenylnaphthalenes (1959)

F. G. Baddar, L. S. El-Assal and N. A. Doss, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 1027 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590001027
Cyclic AMP: a mitogenic signal for Swiss 3T3 cells. (1981)

Addition of cholera toxin (100 ng/ml) to quiescent cultures of Swiss 3T3 cells acts synergistically with serum (2-4%), insulin, phorbol esters, epidermal growth factor, and fibroblast-derived growth factor to stimulate DNA synthesis. In the presence of insulin, cholera toxin caused a dose-dependent increase in cumulative [3H]thymidine incorporation into acid-insoluble material and in the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) level. The dose--response curves for the two processes were similar. Furthermore, addition of 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (15--500 microM) or of 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (5--100 microM), both of which are potent inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase which are potent inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, stimulated DNA synthesis and increased cAMP levels in Swiss 3T3 cells. These compounds strikingly potentiated the effect of cholera toxin on DNA synthesis and on cAMP levels. When quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells were exposed to cholera toxin (100 ng/ml) and insulin at 10 micrograms/ml (4- to 7-fold increase in cAMP level) or to these agents and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine at 50 microM (35-fold increase in cAMP level), DNA synthesis began after a lag of 16 hr. These results indicate that cAMP acts as a mitogenic signal for Swiss 3T3 cells and differ from the widely held view that cyclic AMP inhibits the proliferation of fibroblast cells.
HISTOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE LIVER-DISTURBING ACTION OF 2-METHYL-4-AMINO-5-HYDROXYMETHYLPYRIMIDINE (1957)

1. OMP is found to have a liver-disturbing effect.2. The toxicity of OMP is most effectively prevented by vitamin B6, but liver-protecting agents, as methionine and N-carbobenzoxy glutamylcholine, also have some effect even when administered alone.3. The minimum disturbing dose of OMP is between 0.04 and 0.004mg/g.4. The pyridoxine plus pyridoxamine content and the pyridoxal content of the liver are reduced when OMP is administered.
Immunoassay for Serum Glutamine Synthetase in Serum: Development, Reference Values, and Preliminary Study in Dementias (2002)

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a ubiquitous enzyme present at high concentrations in liver, muscle, kidney, and brain (1). GS in the brain is astrocyte specific, is involved in the detoxification of ammonia and glutamate, and is overexpressed after brain injury (2). Monomeric GS protein was found in 38 of 39 cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained from Alzheimer disease (AD) patients (3), and the concentration of GS in the lumbar cerebral spinal fluid of AD patients was increased significantly but nonspecifically (4). GS has also been reported in serum (4).

Markers for AD have poor sensitivity and specificity for overt or preclinical AD (5)(6). We have developed an ELISA that is rapid, highly sensitive, and GS specific. This ELISA, together with the S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) ELISAs, was used to retrospectively assess serum GS in healthy controls, AD patients, and other dementia patients.

Recombinant human GS (rhGS) cDNA was purchased from ATCC (ATCC No. 409071). The full-length rhGS open reading frame was obtained by PCR and subcloning in pET28a ( Nde l/ Xho I). The construct included a polyhistidine tag at the N-terminal domain of the rhGS open reading frame and no extra sequence at the C-terminal domains. The protein was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) (7). We prepared extracts and solubilized products as described (8). Affinity purification was performed by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid chromatography.

Female Balb/c mice (7–8 weeks of age) were immunized by subcutaneous injection of 50 μg of rhGS emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant. An intraperitoneal booster injection was given 3 weeks later (50 μg in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant) and then at 2- to 3-week intervals (three times or more) with a final injection of 50 μg of antigen in buffer via intraperitoneal route 3 days before cell fusion. Hybridoma cultures were screened by ELISA, and …
Monodisperse Lanthanide Oxysulfide Nanocrystals (2006)

Monodisperse lanthanide oxysulfide nanoplates and short nanorods were synthesized by the thermal decomposition of molecular precursors in the presence of oxygen. The nanoplates have uniform thicknesses and further self-organize to nanowires up to micron scale. The Eu2O2S and Eu3+-doped Gd2O2S nanocrystals both show unusual fluorescence properties obviously differing from the bulk powder phosphors, which are related to the surface-modification effects.
Dove prism based rotating dual beam bidirectional Doppler OCT (2013)

Traditional Doppler OCT is highly sensitive to motion artifacts due to the dependence on the Doppler angle. This limits its accuracy in clinical practice. To overcome this limitation, we use a bidirectional dual beam technique equipped with a novel rotating scanning scheme employing a Dove prism. The volume is probed from two distinct illumination directions with variable controlled incidence plane, allowing for reconstruction of the true flow velocity at arbitrary vessel orientations. The principle is implemented with Swept Source OCT at 1060nm with 100,000 A-Scans/s. We apply the system to resolve pulsatile retinal absolute blood velocity by performing segment scans around the optic nerve head and circumpapillary scan time series.
Inhibition of Development of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Related Lesions by a Bacterial Cell Wall Complex (1992)

In vitro and in vivo model systems for the study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were used to evaluate compounds for their potential as therapeutic agents. A sulfated polysaccharide-peptidoglycan compound (SP-PG) produced by bacteria controlled the in vitro growth of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated, KS-derived spindle-shaped cells (AIDS-KS cells) at noncytotoxic concentrations. Angiogenesis induced by AIDS-KS cells in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay was blocked by SP-PG, which also inhibited the vascular hyperpermeability response and the angiogenesis associated with the induction of KS-like lesions that develop after subcutaneous inoculation of AIDS-KS cells into nude mice. Suramin, pentosan polysulfate, and interferon alpha, which are currently in use for therapy of KS, were either less effective than SP-PG or much more cytotoxic, or both.
Hypoxemia after coronary bypass surgery modeled by resistance to oxygen diffusion (1999)

In cardiac patients requiring supplementary oxygen, the respiratory abnormality could, in our model, be best described by an increased Rdiff, not by an increased shunt value.
Therapeutic Administration of Anti-PcrV F(ab′)2 in Sepsis Associated with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2001)

The effects of rabbit-derived polyclonal Ab against PcrV, a protein involved in the translocation of type III secreted toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was investigated in two animal models of P. aeruginosa sepsis. In a mouse survival study, the i.v. administration of anti-PcrV IgG after the airspace instillation of a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa resulted in the complete survival of the animals. In a rabbit model of septic shock associated with Pseudomonas-induced lung injury, animals treated with anti-PcrV IgG intratracheally or i.v. had significant decreases in lung injury, bacteremia, and plasma TNF-alpha and significant improvement in the hemodynamic parameters associated with shock compared with animals treated in a similar manner with nonspecific control IgG. The administration of anti-PcrV F(ab')(2) showed protective effects comparable to those of whole anti-PcrV IgG. These results document that the therapeutic administration of anti-PcrV IgG blocks the type III secretion system-mediated virulence of P. aeruginosa and prevents septic shock and death, and that these protective effects are largely Fc independent. We conclude that Ab therapy neutralizing the type III secretion system has significant potential against lethal P. aeruginosa infections.
Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of Piperidine Azasugars (2005)

Abstract Since the discovery of nojirimycin, a glycosidase inhibitor, polyhydroxylated piperidines (also called azasugars: the ring O ‐atom of a carbohydrate is replaced by nitrogen) have attracted considerable attention and have been the target of numerous synthetic strategies during the last decade. The efficient synthesis of naturally occurring azasugars and their analogs is of considerable importance due to their potential glycosidase inhibitor properties. Some of them have been widely investigated as candidates for drugs to treat a variety of carbohydrate‐mediated diseases such as diabetes, viral infections, including HIV, cancer metastasis, hepatitis, and Gaucher’s disease. This microreview focuses on recent syntheses of azasugars. In addition, the biology of these compounds is briefly considered. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Grace to Grow Deeper: A Case Study of Environmentalism in a Canadian Christian School (2020)

Successful environmental pedagogy in faith-based schools has not been well explored even while most Christian schools in Canada are governed by provincial curricula and provincial teacher standards that require commitments to environmentalism. Conflicts within mainline Christianity in regards to the importance of environmental justice may be why some Christian schools do not engage in environmental pedagogy (Mann & Schleifer, 2020). This study draws on data from one Christian school in the province of Ontario, Canada. The methodology used is case study approached through an Appreciative Inquiry lens – a methodology that is particularly useful in school-based research (Stavros, et al. 2008). Practices used in this school include full school and community participation as well as strong, visionary leadership concerning ‘creation care’.
Laser Raman Spectroscopy of Lyophilized Bacterial Spores (1986)

Laser-excited Raman spectra were examined in lyophilized spores of Bacillus cereus. In a comparison of the spectrum of the dormant spore with that of the germinated spore, we found several Raman bands which occurred in the former but not in the latter. Among these Raman bands, the 1,573, 1,395, 1,017, 822, and 662 cm-1 bands were assigned to the vibrational frequencies of calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA). No Raman bands and peaks due to dipicolinic acid (H2DPA) were observed. This Raman evidence indicates that CaDPA is the predominant DPA species in this spore. We also proposed a tentative assignment for other vibrational frequencies due to several components of the spore.
Possible Pathogenic Role of the Transmembrane Isoform of CD160 NK Lymphocyte Receptor in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (2012)

PIGA mutations in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients lead to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked membrane proteins expression deficiency. Herein, we report the constitutive expression of the transmembrane CD160 (CD160-TM) activating receptor on non PIGA-mutated PNH patients circulating NK cells. In healthy individuals, only the GPI-anchored isoform of CD160 receptors is expressed on the circulating NK lymphocytes, while the transmembrane isoform appears after ex vivo activation. Similarly to CD160-GPI, we identified CD160-TM as a receptor for the MHC class I molecules. We demonstrate that PNH patients NK lymphocytes spontaneously produce significant amounts of IFN-γ that is inhibited by anti-CD160-TM or anti-MHC class I mAbs. These results indicate that circulating NK cells from PNH patients exhibit a self-MHC class I molecule reactive effector function, which could be mediated through the recruitment of CD160-TM receptor. Our data provide new insights regarding the possible role of CD160-TM on PNH patients NK lymphocytes and in the pathogenesis of the disease.
ECG features and methods for automatic classification of ventricular premature and ischemic heartbeats: A comprehensive experimental study (2017)

Accurate detection of cardiac pathological events is an important part of electrocardiogram (ECG) evaluation and subsequent correct treatment of the patient. The paper introduces the results of a complex study, where various aspects of automatic classification of various heartbeat types have been addressed. Particularly, non-ischemic, ischemic (of two different grades) and subsequent ventricular premature beats were classified in this combination for the first time. ECGs recorded in rabbit isolated hearts under non-ischemic and ischemic conditions were used for analysis. Various morphological and spectral features (both commonly used and newly proposed) as well as classification models were tested on the same data set. It was found that: a) morphological features are generally more suitable than spectral ones; b) successful results (accuracy up to 98.3% and 96.2% for morphological and spectral features, respectively) can be achieved using features calculated without time-consuming delineation of QRS-T segment; c) use of reduced number of features (3 to 14 features) for model training allows achieving similar or even better performance as compared to the whole feature sets (10 to 29 features); d) k-nearest neighbours and support vector machine seem to be the most appropriate models (accuracy up to 98.6% and 93.5%, respectively).
An evaluation of staged run-time optimizations in DyC (1999)

Previous selective dynamic compilation systems have demonstrated that dynamic compilation can achieve performance improvements at low cost on small kernels, but they have had difficulty scaling to larger programs. To overcome this limitation, we developed DyC, a selective dynamic compilation system that includes more sophisticated and flexible analyses and transformations. DyC is able to achieve good performance improvements on programs that are much larger and more complex than the kernels. We analyze the individual optimizations of DyC and assess their impact on performance collectively and individually.
Radoptic x-ray detection with picosecond resolution (2011)

Abstract not provided
Risk for breast cancer among women with endometriosis (2006)

Although several risk factors are common to endometriosis and breast cancer, the results of observational studies of an association have so far been inconsistent. We evaluated the relationship between endometriosis and breast cancer on the basis of data on selected cancers and medical histories from the Danish nationwide cancer and hospital registries used in a large case-cohort study. A total of 114,327 women were included in the study of whom 1,978 women had received a diagnosis of endometriosis and 16,983 had had a diagnosis of breast cancer between 1978 and 1998. Of the women with endometriosis, 236 subsequently received a diagnosis of breast cancer. The crude overall rate ratio for breast cancer after endometriosis was 1.00 and after adjustment for reproductive factors, calendar-period, bilateral oophorectomy and benign breast disease, the rate ratio was 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.85-1.11). The risk for breast cancer increased with age at diagnosis of endometriosis, so that women in whom endometriosis was diagnosed at a young age (approximately <40 years) had a reduced risk for breast cancer and women in whom endometriosis was diagnosed at older ages (approximately > or =40 years) tended to have an increased risk for breast cancer. The reduced risks observed among young women may reflect their exposure to drugs with antiestrogenic effects. The increased risk associated with endometriosis among postmenopausal women may be due to common risk factors between postmenopausal endometriosis and breast cancer or an altered endogenous estrogen.
Infrared Studies of Water in Crystalline Hydrates: K<sub>2</sub>FeCl<sub>5</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O (Erythrosiderite) and Related Aquopentachloroferrates(III) (1975)

Infrared spectra of M 2 [FeCl 5 (H 2 O)] (M = K, Rb, NH 4 ) at different degrees of deuteration were recorded, between 4000 and 300 cm −1 , at 30 and −160 °C. The spectra of the three compounds were closely similar, as was that of natural K 2 [FeCl 5 (H 2 O)] (erythrosiderite). They indicate the existence of only one type of water molecule in the structure. The water molecules are symmetric, well separated from one another, and engage in O—H … Cl bonds with O … Cl distances of about 3.22 Å, as estimated from the OH and OD stretching frequencies. These conclusions support the structure proposed for K 2 [FeCl 5 (H 2 O)] by Bellanca and lead to approximate location of the H atoms. The observed mixing of the librational and translational modes, which occurs when the frequencies of translational modes are high, may be characteristic of H 2 O molecules coordinated to cations of high charge.
Treating primary liver cancer with hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine and dexamethasone: Does the addition of systemic bevacizumab improve results? (2011)

e14658 Background: Unresectable primary liver cancer (UPLC), including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has poor median survival, typically 10 to 11 months. Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) has previously shown efficacy, and adding bevacizumab (Bev) may induce changes in the tumor vasculature that improve local delivery of HAI. Methods: Patients with UPLC were treated with HAI of floxuridine (FUDR)/dexamethasone (Dex) administered as 2 week (w) infusion on a 4 w schedule with Bev 5 mg/kg administered IV Q 2w. Response, toxicity and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared to a recent study of HAI without Bev. We hypothesized that adding Bev would result in a 50% improvement in time to progression, which required 48 patients to detect with 90 % power. Results: Twenty-two patients (18 ICC/4 HCC) were treated with HAI FUDR/Dex plus Bev; 7 (31.8%) had partial response and 15 (68.2%) stable disease. Median survival, PFS, and hepatic progression free survival (HPFS) were 31.1, 8.5, and 11.3 months, respectively. In the previous trial (n=34; 26 ICC, 8 HCC) using HAI without Bev, response was 50% and median survivals as listed below. Adding Bev to HAI led to increase in serum bilirubin elevation (>2 mg/dl) in 24% of patients and biliary stent placement in 13.6%, compared to 5.8% and 0% in the first study without Bev. The present study was terminated early due to biliary toxicity. Conclusions: This trial was closed prematurely due to increased biliary toxicity without apparent improvement in outcome (median survival 31.1 and 29.5 months for HAI + Bev versus HAI alone groups). Characteristics HAI FUDR/Dex + Bev (n=22) # (%) HAI FUDR/Dex (n=34) # (%) Bilobar 15 (68%) 24 (71%) Multifocal 15 (68%) 22 (65%) Tumor diameter > 5 cm 17 (77%) 29 (85%) Median albumin 3.2 (2.7-3.9) 3.3 (1.8-4.6) Toxicity Serum bilirubin elevation (>2 mg/dl) 5 (24) 2 (5.8) Biliary stents 3 (13.6) 0 (0) Results Survival 31.1 months (CI 14.1-33.6) 29.5 months (CI 21.3-32.7) PFS 8.5 months (CI 5.5-11.1) 7.3 months (CI 5.3-9.3) HPFS 11.3 months (CI 7.9-15.7) 10.1 months (CI 7.1-12.9)
Ueber den Abbau des Cumalinringes (1893)

Ueber den Abbau des Cumalinringea.(Eingegangen am 18. MPrz; vorgetragen in der Sitzung vom Verfasser.)Wie in einer friiheren Abhandlung') gezeigt worden war, bleibt der Pyrononring des iiberhaupt so umwandlungsfahigen Methylacetopyronons (Dehydracetsaure) bei Ersetzung eines eiogefiihrten Bromatoms durch Hydroxyl nicht intact,
Multilayer porous silicon diffraction gratings operating in the infrared (2012)

Transmission diffraction gratings operating at 1,565 nm based on multilayer porous silicon films are modeled, fabricated, and tested. Features down to 2 μm have been patterned into submicron-thick mesoporous films using standard photolithographic and dry etching techniques. After patterning of the top porous film, a second anodization can be performed, allowing an under-layer of highly uniform porosity and thickness to be achieved. High transmission greater than 40% is measured, and modeling results suggest that a change in diffraction efficiency of 1 dB for a 1% change in normalized refractive index can be achieved. Preliminary measurement of solvent vapor shows a large signal change from the grating sensor in agreement with models.
Catalytic Exhaust Gas Recirculation-Loop Reforming for High Efficiency in a Stoichiometric Spark-Ignited Engine through Thermochemical Recuperation and Dilution Limit Extension, Part 1: Catalyst Performance (2017)

The use of fuel reformate from catalytic processes is known to have beneficial effects on the spark-ignited (SI) combustion process through enhanced dilution tolerance and decreased combustion duration, but in many cases reformate generation can incur a significant fuel penalty. Here, in this two-part investigation, we demonstrate that efficient catalytic fuel reforming can result in improved brake engine efficiency while maintaining stoichiometric exhaust under the right conditions. In part one of this investigation, we used a combination of thermodynamic equilibrium calculations and experimental fuel catalytic reforming measurements on an engine to characterize the best possible reforming performance and energetics over a range of equivalence ratios and O<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Ideally, one might expect the highest levels of thermochemical recuperation for the highest catalyst equivalence ratios. However, reforming under these conditions is highly endothermic, and the available enthalpy for reforming is constrained. Thus for relatively high equivalence ratios, more methane and less H<sub>2</sub> and CO are produced. Our experiments revealed that this suppression of H<sub>2</sub> and CO could be countered by adding small amounts of O<sub>2</sub>, yielding as much as 15 vol % H<sub>2</sub> at the catalyst outlet for 4 < Φ<sub>catalyst</sub> < 7 under quasi-steady-state conditions. Under these conditions the H<sub>2</sub> and CO yields were highest and there was significant water consumption, confirming the presence of steam reforming reactions. Analyses of the experimental catalyst measurements indicated the possibility of both endothermic and exothermic reaction stages and global reaction rates sufficient to enable the utilization of higher space velocities than those employed in our experiments. Finally, in a companion paper detailing part two of this investigation, we present results for the engine dilution tolerance and brake engine efficiency impacts of the reforming levels achieved.
VariPipe: Low-overhead variable-clock synchronous pipelines (2009)

Synchronous pipelines usually have a fixed clock frequency determined by the worst-case process-voltage-temperature (PVT) analysis of the most critical path. Higher operating frequencies are possible under typical PVT conditions, especially when the most critical path is not triggered. This paper introduces a design methodology that uses asynchronous design to generate the clock of a synchronous pipeline. The result is a variable clock period that changes cycle-by-cycle according to the current operations in the pipeline and the current PVT conditions. The paper also presents a simple design flow to implement variable-clock systems with standard cells using conventional synchronous design tools. The variable-clock pipeline technique has been tested on a 32-bit microprocessor in 90 nm technology. Post-layout simulations with three sets of benchmarks demonstrate that the variable-clock processor has a two-fold performance advantage over its fixed-clock counterpart. The overhead of the added clock generation circuit is merely 2.6% in area and 3% in energy consumption, compared to an earlier proposal that costs 100% overhead.