gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Development of Selective Ligands for the Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor (2008)

Two subtypes of the mammalian cannabinoid receptor have been identified and successfully cloned since 1990. The CB(1) receptor is primarily located in the central nervous system and the CB(2) receptor is almost exclusively expressed in cells of the immune system. The CB(1) and CB(2) receptors are both G-protein coupled receptors and are involved in the inhibition of adenylate cyclase. The CB(2) receptor is of particular importance due to its involvement in signal transduction in the immune system, making it a potential target for therapeutic immune intervention. A number of these selective ligands are derivatives of traditional dibenzopyran based cannabinoids. These include the very recently synthesized (2'R)-1-methoxy-3-(2'-methylbutyl)- Delta (8)-THC (JWH-359) which has a 224 fold selectivity for the CB(2) receptor, readily comparable to the well known 1-deoxy-3-(1',1'-dimethylbutyl)- Delta (8)-THC (JWH-133) which has 200 fold selectivity for the CB(2) receptor. Several 9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinols have also been synthesized and are found to be selective high affinity ligands for the CB(2) receptor. These are 1-deoxy-9beta-hydroxy-dimethylhexylhexahydrocannabinol (JWH-361, K(i) = 2.7 nM) and 1-deoxy-9beta-hydroxy-dimethylpentylhexahydrocannabinol (JWH-300, K(i) = 5.3 nM). CB(2) selective cannabi-mimetic indoles include 1-(2,3-dichlorobenzoyl)-2-methyl-3-(2-[1-morpholine]ethyl)-5-methoxyindole (L768242), (R)-3-(2-Iodo-5-nitrobenzoyl)-1-(1-methyl-2-piperidinylmethyl)-1H-indole (AM1241) and 1-propyl-2-methyl-3-(1-naphthoyl) indole (JWH-015), which exhibit significant selectivity for the CB(2) receptor coupled with weak affinity for the CB(1) receptor. Bristol-Meyer Squibb has produced a phenylalanine derived cannabimimetic indole which possesses high CB(2) affinity (K(i) = 8 nM) and very low affinity for the CB(1) receptor (K(i) = 4000 nM). This review will discuss the current advances and recent results in the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of selective ligands for the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor.
Gas-chromatographic determination of acetyl and trimethylsilyl derivatives of alkyl carbamates and their N-hydroxy derivatives (1969)

Microgram amounts of mixtures of alkyl carbamates, and of urethane and N-hydroxyurethane, as their trimethylsilyl derivatives, and similar mixtures of alkyl N-hydroxycarbamates, as their trimethylsilyl and acetyl derivatives, have been analysed by gas chromatography on SE30 columns. With a programmed temperature rise, the elution temperatures varied linearly with the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl side-chain of a homologous series; the isobutyl analogues were eluted at lower temperatures than the corresponding butyl analogues. When the corresponding isobutyl derivatives were used as internal standards, the ratios of peak heights (test to standard) varied linearly with the concentration of urethane and N-hydroxyurethane.
Reduction of Chromate by Marine Bacillus Megaterium TKW3 (2006)

Corrosion 2006 Conference, San Diego, California, United States, 12-16 March 2006. Paper No. 6521
Coupled Translation of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus M2 Open Reading Frames Requires Upstream Sequences (2005)

We have investigated the mechanism of the translation of the second open reading frame (ORF) of the respiratory syncytial virus M2 transcript that uses a novel coupled translation process requiring prior translation of the upstream ORF. The second M2-2 ORF sequences play no role in the coupling process and can be replaced with other gene sequences. Surprisingly, the overlap region of the two ORFs alone was not sufficient for coupled translation to occur. An analysis of the sequences required for the coupling process showed that portions of the transcript located along the length of the first ORF M2-1, upstream of the ORF overlap region, were essential for coupled translation to occur. A critically important region for this process was centered approximately 150 nucleotides upstream of the ORF2 initiation codons. This region was shown to contain a significant degree of secondary structure, and mutation of this sequence to remove predicted areas of base pairing significantly reduced coupled translation, confirming that the secondary structure was important for the coupling process. Additional sequences further upstream increased the efficiency of the coupled translation process. These data indicate that upstream sequences act in conjunction with the M2-1/M2-2 overlap region to promote coupled translation.
Scalable Exploration of Physical Database Design (2006)

Physical database design is critical to the performance of a large-scale DBMS. The corresponding automated design tuning tools need to select the best physical design from a large set of candidate designs quickly. However, for large workloads, evaluating the cost of each query in the workload for every candidate does not scale. To overcome this, we present a novel comparison primitive that only evaluates a fraction of the workload and provides an accurate estimate of the likelihood of selecting correctly. We show how to use this primitive to construct accurate and scalable selection procedures. Furthermore, we address the issue of ensuring that the estimates are conservative, even for highly skewed cost distributions. The proposed techniques are evaluated through a prototype implementation inside a commercial physical design tool.
Multirotor Drone Noise at Static Thrust (2018)

A first principles understanding of the sound field produced by multirotor drones in hover is presented. Propeller diameters ranging from 8 to 12 in. are examined and with configurations comprising an isolated rotor, quadcopter, and hexacopter configuration. The drone pitch, defined as the ratio of drone diameter to rotor diameter, is the same for all multirotor configurations and is valued at 2.25. A six-degree-of-freedom load cell is used to assess the aerodynamic performance of each configuration, whereas an azimuthal array of in. microphones, placed between two and three hub-center diameters from the drone center, is used to assess the acoustic near field. The analysis is performed using standard statistical metrics such as sound pressure level and overall sound pressure level and is presented to demonstrate the relationship between the number of rotors, the drone rotor size, and its aerodynamic performance (thrust) relative to the near-field acoustics.
Sonochemistry:  Environmental Science and Engineering Applications (2001)

Sonochemical engineering is a field involving the application of sonic and ultrasonic waves to chemical processing. Sonochemistry enhances or promotes chemical reactions and mass transfer. It offers the potential for shorter reaction cycles, cheaper reagents, and less extreme physical conditions, leading to less expensive and perhaps smaller plants. The amount of things that can be accomplished with sonochemistry is, at this stage, only limited by the minds of those working in this exciting field. Existing literature on sonochemical reacting systems is chemistry-intensive, and applications of this novel means of reaction in environmental remediation and pollution prevention seem almost unlimited. For example, environmental sonochemistry is a rapidly growing area that deals with the destruction of organics in aqueous solutions. However, some theoretical and engineering aspects are not fully understood. This paper reviews the field comprehensively by combining the existing knowledge from chemistry with insights into the pathways and kinetic analysis of environmental sonochemical reacting systems and with challenges for large-scale applications. The review is intended to advance our understanding and outline directions for future research.
The Mechanical Cause of Age-Related Dementia (Alzheimer's Disease): The Brain is Destroyed by the Pulse (2015)

This review traces evidence that age-related dementia (Alzheimer's disease) results from the destructive impact of the pulse on cerebral vasculature. Evidence is reviewed that the neuropathology of the dementia is caused by the breakdown of small cerebral vessels (silent microbleeds), that the microbleeds result from pulse-induced damage to the cerebral vessels, and that pulse becomes increasingly destructive with age, because of the age-related stiffening of the aorta and great arteries, which causes an increase in the intensity of the pressure pulse. Implications for therapy are discussed, and evidence is reviewed that pulse-induced destruction of the brain, and of another highly vascular organ, the kidney, are becoming the default forms of death, the way we die if we survive the infections, cardiovascular disease, and malignancies, which still, for a decreasing minority, inflict the tragedy of early death.
The Efficacy and Safety of Transdermal Scopolamine for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Quantitative Systematic Review (2002)

Of 100 patients who receive transdermal scopolamine, approximately 17 will not vomit in the postoperative period who would have done so had they all received a placebo. However, 18 of 100 patients will have visual disturbances, and eight will report dry mouth. Incorrect use further limits its efficacy.
Re-emergence of pertussis: what are the solutions? (2012)

Whooping cough, due to Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis, is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Despite widespread pertussis immunization in childhood, there are an estimated 50 million cases and 300,000 deaths due to pertussis globally each year. Infants who are too young to be vaccinated, children who are partially vaccinated and fully-vaccinated persons with waning immunity are especially vulnerable to disease. Since pertussis is one of the vaccine-preventable diseases on the rise, additional vaccine approaches are needed. These approaches include vaccination of newborns, additional booster doses for older adolescents and adults, and immunization of pregnant women with existing vaccines. Innovative new vaccines are also being studied. Each of these options will be discussed and their potential impact on pertussis control assessed.
Effects of oxidative stress on some physiochemical properties of caeruloplasmin (1989)

We report the effects of oxidative stress generated by low-intensity u.v. irradiation (366 and 254 nm), dialysis against ascorbate and isolated stimulated neutrophils on some physicochemical properties of caeruloplasmin. Low-intensity u.v. irradiation resulted in a loss of ferroxidase activity and 610 nm absorption, changes previously reported to occur during storage and manipulation of caeruloplasmin. These alterations were found to correspond to aggregation of the protein, induction of visible fluorescence (excitation, 360 nm; emission, 454 nm), changes in c.d. spectra which were indicative of alterations in protein conformation, loss of half-cystine, tryptophan and tyrosine content and loss immunoreactivity. The changes in the far-u.v. c.d. spectrum of caeruloplasmin were more pronounced than those observed for u.v.-irradiated IgG. Similar c.d. changes and induction of fluorescence were observed following dialysis of caeruloplasmin against ascorbate or exposure to stimulated neutrophils. It is concluded that the lability of caeruloplasmin may arise from oxidative modification, in addition to the previously described susceptibility of this protein to proteolysis.
Dual ion beam deposited boron-rich boron nitride films (1999)

BN x films with N content varying from 2 to 40 at. % were deposited by dual ion beam deposition. The films are solid admixtures of a B-rich phase composed of icosahedral atomic clusters, and a graphite-like boron nitride phase. The fraction of the B-rich phase drops, while that of the graphite-like boron nitride phase grows with increasing N content. The hardness of the films first rises, reaches a maximum value of 18.8 GPa at a N content of 20.2 at. %, and falls with further increase in N content. This rise is explained by assuming that some N atoms are located interstitially at the sites surrounded by icosahedral clusters, such that the hardness of the material is enhanced as a result of additional cross-linking of the network by the N atoms. However, the overall N contents are not sufficient to ensure the two phases to have the ideal stoichiometry of B4N and hexagonal BN (h-BN) structures, so that the B-rich phase in the film does not exhibit the theoretical strongest possible cross-linking that has been proposed for the ideal B4N structure. The drop in the hardness of the films with N contents exceeding 20.2 at. % arises from the increasing volume fraction of the graphite-like boron nitride phase.
Use of Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry to Monitor Hydrocarbon Type Impurities in Bulk Nitrogen (1994)

Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (APIMS) was used to detect hydrocarbons; e.g., methane, ethane, and propane, and organic cleaning solvents; e.g., isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and acetone in nitrogen. The technique of collision‐induced dissociation (CID) was used to fragment parent molecular ions by accelerating them through the declustering region of the APIMS source in an effort to detect the hydrocarbon impurities at a single m/e. Using high declustering voltages it is possible to detect all the compounds studied, except IPA, at m/e 12 (C+). At moderate declustering voltage fragments characteristic of the compounds of interest can be used for monitoring and identification purposes.
Digestion conditions resulting in altered cut site specificity for<i>Hinf</i>l (1990)

Journal Article Digestion conditions resulting in altered cut site specificity for Hinfl Get access Jodi Kriss, Jodi Kriss Cellmark DiagnosticsGermantown, MD 20876, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George Herrin, George Herrin Cellmark DiagnosticsGermantown, MD 20876, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lisa Forman, Lisa Forman Cellmark DiagnosticsGermantown, MD 20876, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robin Cotton Robin Cotton * Cellmark DiagnosticsGermantown, MD 20876, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 12, 25 June 1990, Page 3665, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.12.3665 Published: 25 June 1990 Article history Received: 08 May 1990 Published: 25 June 1990
Removing Barium and Radium Through Calcium Cation Exchange (1985)

The removal of barium (Ba) and radium (Ra), which are found in many groundwater sources, was achieved in laboratory studies with an ion exchange process. In the studies, a strong acid resin in the calcium form effectively removed Ba 2+ and Ra 2+ to meet standards. The resin was regenerated with reclaimed brine, which would reduce disposal problems in actual practice. Total hardness, alkalinity, pH, and other water quality parameters remained unchanged. Additional research is needed, however, to refine the process and establish the costs.
Immunoreactive gastrin-releasing peptide as a specific tumor marker in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. (1989)

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is now known to be a very common product of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). With the aim of investigating the possible role of this peptide as a tumor marker of SCLC, we have developed a sensitive radioimmunoassay system for plasma immunoreactive GRP using immune-affinity chromatography for plasma extraction. Plasma immunoreactive GRP levels in control subjects were determined by using 15 ml of plasma as the starting material (minimum concentration detectable, 0.8 pg/ml). The levels in 10 control subjects were (mean +/- SD) 1.2 +/- 0.27 pg/ml; range, 0.86-1.7 pg/ml. This assay system was applied for the clinical use by using 3 ml of plasma as the starting material (minimum concentration detectable, 4.0 pg/ml). Plasma immunoreactive GRP levels were elevated in SCLC patients at frequencies of 71% in patients with limited disease and 80% in those with extensive disease. Furthermore, a change in the level showed excellent correlation with the therapeutic response. In six patients with complete response who had had elevated levels before treatment, the levels decreased to an undetectable range when the tumor disappeared, and they remained undetectable until 1 month later, when the patients were judged to have achieved complete response. In the partial response group, plasma immunoreactive GRP levels had decreased to an undetectable level in two of three patients, when the patients achieved partial response. In four patients with progressive disease, plasma immunoreactive GRP levels were elevated at the time of the progressive disease judgment, when compared with levels before treatment. The levels in 21 patients with non-SCLC (10 with adenocarcinoma, seven with squamous cell carcinoma and four with large cell carcinoma) were not elevated. These results indicate the plasma immunoreactive GRP level as a useful tumor marker in SCLC patients. It is now believed that GRP can function as an autocrine growth factor for SCLC. The present study suggests that the possible autocrine growth factor could serve as a reliable tumor marker for cancer patients.
Influence of treatment with the anti-oestrogen 3-hydroxytamoxifen (droloxifene) on plasma sex hormone levels in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer (1995)

Plasma levels of oestradiol (Oe2), oestrone (Oe1) oestrone sulphate (Oe1S), androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and the gonadotrophins (FSH and LH) were determined in 20 postmenopausal women with breast cancer treated with the anti-oestrogen droloxifene (3-hydroxytamoxifen). Plasma oestrogens were measured before and after 3, 6 and 12 months of therapy. The other hormones were measured before and after 6 months of therapy. Droloxifene treatment had no significant influence on plasma levels of Oe2. Plasma levels of Oe1 and Oe1S increased during treatment (mean increase of 11.9-15.9% and 24.5-69.4% respectively after different time-intervals on treatment). The Oe1S/Oe1 and Oe1S/Oe2 ratios increased by mean values of 13.8-45.2% and 25.9-52.4% respectively. Plasma SHBG increased significantly by a mean value of 73.9%, while FSH and LH fell non-significantly by 19.7% and 20.4% respectively. Plasma levels of testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA and DHEAS all increased during treatment, but none of these alterations were of statistical significance. While the influence of droloxifene on plasma SHBG resembled that which is seen during treatment with tamoxifen, its influence on plasma oestrogens and the gonadotrophins seems to be different. Possible explanations of such differences and the clinical implications of alterations in plasma hormones during treatment with droloxifene are discussed.
Adenosine induced transient cardiac standstill in catheter interventional procedures for congenital heart disease (1998)

Intravenous adenosine is a safe and effective agent for creating transient cardiac standstill during balloon dilatation procedures for congenital heart disease. This achieves stability which is likely to improve results and reduce complications. It may have applications in other fields of cardiac intervention where an immobile heart is desirable during the critical phase of a procedure.
Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis (1996)

We conclude that female sex, longer duration of neurological symptoms, absence of cerebral leptomeningeal clinical involvement, and absence of elevated CSF protein independently predict better survival. Patients treated with intra-CSF chemotherapy also survived longer.
Dextran conjugates in drug delivery (2012)

Dextran conjugation has aided the design of new tailor-made polymers with different molecular weights, shapes, structures and with the functional groups needed for coupling at the desired positions in the chain. Dextran prodrugs are very useful systems for achieving controlled drug release and drug targeting. In particular, various dextran-antitumor drug conjugates enhance the effectiveness and improve the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Future studies should concentrate on barriers for their clinical use and safety as a drug carrier.
Improving Hydrocarbon Recovery Efficiency Utilising Horizontal Production and/or Injection Wells (1997)

Horizontal wells have seen a dramatic rise in the range of applications and the number of wells completed during the past decade. However, horizontal wells have been primarily drilled as producers maximising the benefit from the large reservoir contact which such boreholes allow. To date there have been only a handful of reported applications of horizontal wells as injectors. The potential benefit of horizontal injectors could lie in improving the sweep efficiency and enhancing the degree of pressure maintenance characteristics of reservoirs as they enter an advanced stage of depletion in redevelopment projects.
Transcription factor Fra-1 targets arginase-1 to enhance macrophage-mediated inflammation in arthritis (2019)

The polarization of macrophages is regulated by transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). In this manuscript, we delineated the role of the transcription factor Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) during macrophage activation and development of arthritis. Network level interaction analysis of microarray data derived from Fra-1- or Fra-2-deficient macrophages revealed a central role of Fra-1, but not of Fra-2 in orchestrating the expression of genes related to wound response, toll-like receptor activation and interleukin signaling. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing and standard ChIP analyses of macrophages identified arginase 1 (Arg1) as a target of Fra-1. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that Fra-1 down-regulated Arg1 expression by direct binding to the promoter region. Using macrophage-specific Fra-1- or Fra-2- deficient mice, we observed an enhanced expression and activity of Arg1 and a reduction of arthritis in the absence of Fra-1, but not of Fra-2. This phenotype was reversed by treatment with the arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, while ʟ-arginine supplementation increased arginase activity and alleviated arthritis, supporting the notion that reduced arthritis in macrophage-specific Fra-1-deficient mice resulted from enhanced Arg1 expression and activity. Moreover, patients with active RA showed increased Fra-1 expression in the peripheral blood and elevated Fra-1 protein in synovial macrophages compared to RA patients in remission. In addition, the Fra-1/ARG1 ratio in synovial macrophages was related to RA disease activity. In conclusion, these data suggest that Fra-1 orchestrates the inflammatory state of macrophages by inhibition of Arg1 expression and thereby impedes the resolution of inflammation.
Active Interference Cancellation for Systems with Antenna Selection (2008)

This paper presents an improved active interference cancellation (AIC) algorithm for ultra wideband (UWB) systems with antenna selection on a per subcarrier basis. The improved algorithm overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional AIC algorithms by jointly minimizing the notch depth over multiple transmitter antennas, while ensuring that the power transmitted on the AIC tones adheres to the spectral mask imposed by the Federal Communications Committee (FCC). The improved algorithm is shown, through simulation and hardware demonstration, to provide sufficiently deep spectral notches for multiple transmitter antennas and to effectively suppress the excess power of the AIC tones generated by the conventional AIC algorithms.