gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation between biaxial stress and free exciton transition in AlN epilayers (2007)

Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction measurements were employed to study biaxial strain in AlN epilayers grown on different substrates. X-ray diffraction revealed that AlN epilayers grown on AlN bulk substrates (or homoepilayers) have the same lattice parameters as AlN bulk crystals and are almost strain-free. Compared to the free exciton (FX) transition in an AlN homoepilayer, the FX line was 31meV higher in AlN/sapphire due to a compressive strain and 55 (69)meV lower in AlN∕SiC (AlN∕Si) due to a tensile strain. A linear relationship between the FX transition energy peak position and in-plane stress was obtained, and a value of 45meV∕GPa for the linear coefficient of the stress-induced bandgap shift in AlN epilayers was deduced. The work here establishes PL as another simple and effective method for monitoring the biaxial stress in AlN epilayers.
Multiple priority CSMA-type multichannel local area network (2002)

We introduce a new network access protocol for a CSMA-type multichannel local area network (MLAN). This new protocol has the capability of providing different network access priority among the various applications. From the earlier research, it has been shown that the CSMA-type MLAN is superior to a single channel of equal network bandwidth. On the basis of the developed MLAN architecture, we construct a new network access protocol to provide multiple transmission priorities for various applications e.g., text, voice, video, image, etc. This protocol is called multiple-priority multichannel local area network (MP-MLAN). The data transmission of MP-MLAN is collision-free, and we can find the throughput characteristics of MP-MLAN are higher and more stable than the conventional CSMA/CD or multichannel CSMA/CD network from the analysis results. A queueing analysis model for representing the MP-MLAN protocol is established and simulation results are also provided to evaluate the performance of this network.
SYNTHESIS OF ESTER TERMINATED TELECHELIC POLYMER VIA ADMET POLYMERIZATION (1999)

Ester terminated telechelic polymers were synthesized by the Acyclic Diene METathesis (ADMET) polymerization of 1,9-decadiene with ester-containing monoolefins using ruthenium based Grubbs catalyst. The number of methylene spacers between the olefin and the ester from the oxygen side of the ester-containing monoolefins were varied from one to three. The optimal condition of the present ADMET polymerization was determined as monomer/catalyst ratio of 400/1 for 72 hours at 90°C. All polymer structures were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. It is quite interesting that even allyl n-butyrate with one methylene spacer metathesizes successfully using ruthenium catalyst despite this monoolefin suffers stronger negative neighboring group effect than the other monoolefins. Mechanism of the ADMET polymerization of 1,9-decadiene with ester-containing monoolefin was examined comparing the reactions for each of the monomers. Deprotection of terminal ester group was successful to give alcohol terminated telechelic polymer which is useful for production of block copolymer.
A thread facility based on user/kernel cooperation in the XERO operating system (2002)

The mechanisms for executing concurrent applications proposed so far fall into one of three groups: processes, kernel-level threads, and user-level threads. Each of them is insufficient in terms of either parallelism, the flexibility to combine separately developed programs at run-time, or costs of operations such as creation, switching, and destruction. A thread facility in the XERO operating system overcomes this problem and provides a uniform framework for executing concurrent applications. To achieve parallelism of threads, the flexibility to combine separately developed programs at run-time, and fast thread operations, the operating system kernel and a thread management module in a user address space manage threads cooperatively. The authors implemented the cooperative thread management mechanism and measured its performance to examine the effectiveness of the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of Lateral Long Hydrocarbon Chain on Mesomorphic Properties (2004)

A homologous series of 4-(4-CnH2n + 1O-phenoxycarbonyl)-phenyl 3-CmH2m + 1 O-4-cyanobenzoates and the bromo derivatives were synthesized (m = 2∼14, n = 2∼8). The LC properties are notably affected by m rather than n. The members with large m preferentially exhibit a smectic C phase. The layer structures of smectic A and C phases and the phase transition behavior were examined by a small angle X-ray diffraction method, and the results are discussed in terms of their molecular structures.
Ultrasonic Circumferential Guided Wave for Pitting-Type Corrosion Imaging at Inaccessible Pipe-Support Locations (2008)

A higher order cylindrically guided ultrasonic wave was used for the detection and sizing of hidden pitting-type corrosion in the hidden crevice regions (between the pipe and the pipe supports) without lifting or disturbing the structural layout arrangement of the pipelines. The higher order circumferential guided waves were generated using a piezoelectric crystal based transducer, located at the accessible top region of the pipes, in a pulse-echo mode. By studying the experimental parameters such as dispersion, particle displacement, and wavelength of the ultrasonic guided wave modes, an appropriate higher order mode was selected for excitation using an appropriately designed acrylic angle wedge that conforms to the pipe’s outer curvature. A manual pipe crawler was designed with a provision for holding the wedge, and the essential hardware such as data acquisition card, encoder, etc., was integrated with the system so that the corrosion was mapped in real time during the scanning of the pipes. The system was validated on pipes ranging from 6in.to24in. outer diameters of wall thicknesses up to 12mm, by mapping defects as small as 1.5mm diameter and 25% penetration wall thickness. A 2D finite element model using ABAQUS® was used to understand the wave propagation in pipe wall and its interaction with pinhole-type defects.
Tribology and Mechanics of Magnetic Storage Devices (1990)

Until recently, monographs in tribology generally covered the whole field, which of course made for a high degree of overlapping between the various books.Nowadays, a sizeable number of specialized books, which cover a proportion (often a small proportion) of all of tribology, have appeared.The book by Dr. Bharat Bhushan, Tribology and Mechanics of Magnetic Storage Devices is the epitome of this newer type of book, consisting of more than 1000 pages devoted to the tribology of magnetic recording devices.
<i>Cryptosporidium</i>Oocysts in a Water Supply Associated with a Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak (2002)

An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in and around Clitheroe, Lancashire, in northwest England, during March 2000. Fifty-eight cases of diarrhea with Cryptosporidium identified in stool specimens were reported. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in samples from the water treatment works as well as domestic taps. Descriptive epidemiology suggested that drinking unboiled tap water in a single water zone was the common factor linking cases. Environmental investigation suggested that contamination with animal feces was the likely source of the outbreak. This outbreak was unusual in that hydrodynamic modeling was used to give a good estimate of the peak oocyst count at the time of the contamination incident. The oocysts' persistence in the water distribution system after switching to another water source was also unusual. This persistence may have been due to oocysts being entrapped within biofilm. Despite the continued presence of oocysts, epidemiologic evidence suggested that no one became ill after the water source was changed.
Proton-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of a d<sup>8</sup> Ir(I) Complex Yields a <i>trans</i> Ir(III) Dihydride (2010)

Hydrogenation of the (PONOP)Ir(I)CH(3) complex [PONOP = 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinito)pyridine] yields the unexpected trans-dihydride species (PONOP)IrCH(3)(H)(2). Mechanistic investigations have revealed that this reaction proceeds via proton-catalyzed H(2) cleavage, a pathway that circumvents the intermediacy of the typically invoked cis-dihydride isomer. Protonation yields the cationic (PONOP)Ir(CH(3))(H)(+) complex, which is then trapped by H(2) to yield an eta(2)-H(2) complex. Deprotonation of this species yields the trans-dihydride. Intermediates in the proposed pathway have been confirmed by independent low-temperature syntheses and spectroscopic observations.
Biodegradation and Cytocompatibility Studies of a Triphasic Ceramic‐Coated Porous Hydroxyapatite for Bone Substitute Applications (2008)

Bone defects due to trauma or disease have led to the need for biomaterials as substitutes for tissue regeneration and repair. Herein, we introduce a porous triphasic ceramic‐coated hydroxyapatite scaffold (HASi) for such applications. Interestingly, in the degradation experiments with isotonic buffer, HASi showed a significant release of silica with the disappearance of the tricalcium phosphate phase. Furthermore, the material also exhibited cytocompatibility with cultured bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells of human origin. The material chemistry, together with the favorable cellular characteristics, indicates HASi as a promising candidate for critical‐size bony defects, which still remains a formidable clinical challenge in the orthopedic scenario.
Partition based heuristics for gate matrix layout (2003)

An extension is presented of a concept called dynamic-net-list representation for CMOS circuit layout in the gate-matrix style. With this extension, delayed bindings for nets representing complex connections, such as serial-parallel or parallel-serial connected transistors, can be handled. The authors also develop a heuristic for obtaining a fast feasible net realization. Experimental results that show improvement over previously published results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self‐assembled nanoscale tubular ensembles (1995)

Nanoscale tubular biomaterials (e.g. see Fig.) produced by the self‐assembly of peptide nanotube structures have a potentially wide range of applications in chemistry, biology, and materials science. The methods of producing such structures are reviewed and a number of potential applications discussed magnified image .
Cationic and Thiol–Ene Photopolymerization upon Red Lights Using Anthraquinone Derivatives as Photoinitiators (2013)

Anthraquinone derivatives in combination with an iodonium salt (and optionally N-vinylcarbazole) have been used as photoinitiating systems. One of them (Oil Blue N) that is particularly efficient for cationic, IPN, and thiol–ene polymerization upon red lights (laser diode at 635 nm or household red LED bulb at 630 nm) belongs to the very few systems available at this long wavelength in such experimental conditions (low light intensity in the 10–100 mW/cm2 range). Their abilities to initiate the cationic photopolymerization of epoxides or vinyl ethers under very soft halogen lamp irradiation have been also investigated. The photochemical mechanisms are studied by steady state photolysis, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and electron spin resonance spin trapping techniques.
Predicting query performance for fusion-based retrieval (2012)

Estimating the effectiveness of a search performed in response to a query in the absence of relevance judgments is the goal of query-performance prediction methods. Post-retrieval predictors analyze the result list of the most highly ranked documents. We address the prediction challenge for retrieval approaches wherein the final result list is produced by fusing document lists that were retrieved in response to a query. To that end, we present a novel fundamental prediction framework that accounts for this special characteristics of the fusion setting; i.e., the use of intermediate retrieved lists. The framework is based on integrating prediction performed upon the final result list with that performed upon the lists that were fused to create it; prediction integration is controlled based on inter-list similarities. We empirically demonstrate the merits of various predictors instantiated from the framework. A case in point, their prediction quality substantially transcends that of applying state-of-the-art predictors upon the final result list.
A Plan for Structural Dynamics Code and Model Verification and Validation #349 (2000)

In this paper we summarize a verification and validation plan for performing structural dynamics analyses on a class of complex mechanical systems. The plan addresses verification and validation for a new structural dynamics code, SALINAS, which is designed for systems with upwards of 10 million equations running on massively parallel computers. This plan defines a hierarchy of validation cases, building from separable physics to fully-coupled effects. Separable physics validation is directed towards generic elements of the physics of structural dynamic systems as implemented within the code, although those generic elements which are targeted for validation are motivated by the class of applications of the code. The purpose of the fully-coupled system validation cases is to ensure that the integration of the different components and submodels leads to predictive system models. The plan also defines code verification activities such as regression testing, code review, and mesh refinement studies to demonstrate correct software implementation and numerical properties. Finally, it establishes use protocols such as peer review, error estimation, and the use of uncertainty quantification, to ensure that the code is used properly and that the modeling simplifications are consistent with the validation database.
Coherent delta-band oscillations between cortical areas correlate with decision making (2013)

Coherent oscillations in the theta-to-gamma frequency range have been proposed as a mechanism that coordinates neural activity in large-scale cortical networks in sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks. Whether this mechanism also involves coherent oscillations at delta frequencies (1-4 Hz) is not known. Rather, delta oscillations have been associated with slow-wave sleep. Here, we show coherent oscillations in the delta frequency band between parietal and frontal cortices during the decision-making component of a somatosensory discrimination task. Importantly, the magnitude of this delta-band coherence is modulated by the different decision alternatives. Furthermore, during control conditions not requiring decision making, delta-band coherences are typically much reduced. Our work indicates an important role for synchronous activity in the delta frequency band when large-scale, distant cortical networks coordinate their neural activity during decision making.
Die Dissoziationswärme des Wasserstoffmoleküls H<sub>2</sub>, aus einem neuen ultravioletten Resonanzbandenzug bestimmt (1934)

Article Die Dissoziationswärme des Wasserstoffmoleküls H2, aus einem neuen ultravioletten Resonanzbandenzug bestimmt was published on October 1, 1934 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 27B, issue 1).
Theoretical and experimental investigations of the limits to the maximum output power of laser diodes (2010)

The factors that limit both the continuous wave (CW) and the pulsed output power of broad-area laser diodes driven at very high currents are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The decrease in the gain due to self-heating under CW operation and spectral holeburning under pulsed operation, as well as heterobarrier carrier leakage and longitudinal spatial holeburning, are the dominant mechanisms limiting the maximum achievable output power.
Immunocytochemical localization of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) in human teeth. (1992)

The distribution and subcellular localization of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) in human teeth has been investigated by immunohistochemistry at the light and electron microscopic levels. Many nerves in the dental pulp were intensely immunoreactive for NGFR. The pattern of distribution was largely similar to that of nerve fibers demonstrated by immunostaining for neurofilament protein (NFP), the most universal marker protein for pulpal nerves. In the predentin and dentin, more nerve fibers were intensely immunoreactive for NGFR than were demonstrable with NFP-antibodies. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the NGFR-immunoreactivity was localized on the axoplasmic membrane in unmyelinated axons and on the outside of accompanying Schwann cells. No NGFR-immunoreactivity was found on the axons of myelinated nerves nor their supporting cells.
Dynamic scheduling of real-time aperiodic tasks on multiprocessor architectures (1996)

The application of static optimization techniques such as branch-and-bound to real-time task scheduling has been investigated. Few pieces of work, however, have been reported which propose and investigate online optimization techniques for dynamic scheduling of real-time tasks. In such task domains, the difficulty of scheduling is exacerbated by the fact that the cost of scheduling itself contributes directly to the performance of the algorithms and that it cannot be ignored. The paper proposes a class of algorithms that employ novel, on-line optimization techniques to dynamically schedule a set of sporadic real-time tasks. These algorithms explicitly account for the scheduling cost and its effect on the ability to meet deadlines. The paper addresses issues related to real-time task scheduling in the context of a general graph-theoretic framework. Issues related to where and when the task of scheduling is performed are also addressed. We compare two online scheduling strategies, namely an inter-leaving strategy and an overlapping strategy. In the former strategy, scheduling and execution are inter-leaving in time. Each scheduling phase performed by one processor of the system is followed by an execution phase. In the latter strategy, scheduling and execution are overlapping in time. A specified processor, in this strategy, is dedicated to perform scheduling. Results of experiments show that the proposed algorithms perform better than existing approaches, in terms of meeting deadlines and total execution costs, over a large range of workloads.
Effect of Flux Activators on the Solder Wettability of Solder Anisotropic Conductive Films (2014)

In this paper, a thermal acid generator was added as a flux activator in solder anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) to eliminate solder oxide resulting in stable solder wetting on metal pads. Since the native solder oxide causes poor wettability of the solder particles, solder oxide was chemically removed by the flux activator in solder ACFs. The test vehicles consisted of polyimide-based flexible printed circuits and FR-4 organic rigid printed circuit boards, which have 300-μm pitch Cu pads with electroless nickel immersion gold metal surface finish. The thickness of the solder incorporated ACFs were 50 μm and it consists of epoxy-based adhesive resin, 20 wt% of 5-15-μm diameter SAC305 (96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu) solder particle, flux activator, and 5 wt% of 5-μm diameter Au-coated Ni particles, which act as a spacers to maintain a stable gap between metal pads. According to the experimental results, solder wettability improved significantly, as the amount of the flux activator increased in the solder ACFs due to solder oxide removal. As a result, the flux activator caused significant improvement of electrical properties of solder ACF joints, such as contact resistance, power handling capability, and reliability. Therefore, the flux activator added solder ACFs can provide an excellent interconnection method for high-power flex-on-board and flex-on-flex assemblies.
The gibberellic acid biosynthesis mutantga1-3 ofArabidopsis thaliana is responsive to vernalization (1999)

The Arabidopsis mutant ga1-3 contains a deletion in an enzyme that catalyzes an early step in the synthesis of gibberellic acid. It has been shown that ga1-3 mutant plants cannot flower under 8-h short-day (SD) conditions, even after vernalization. In this article, we present data demonstrating that the ga1-3 mutation does not block the response to vernalization in intermediate photoperiods or in long-day conditions in a late-flowering, vernalization-responsive background. Thus, GA may not have a direct role in the vernalization response in Arabidopsis, but it may be required for an alternate pathway that promotes flowering in noninductive photoperiods.
Determining two-photon absorption cross sections via nonresonant multiphoton photoacoustic spectroscopy (2007)

Multiphoton excitation of exogenous dyes and endogenous biochemical species has been used extensively for tissue diagnosis by fluorescence spectroscopy. Unfortunately, the majority of endogenous biochemical chromophores have low quantum yields, less than 0.2, therefore determining two-photon cross sections of weakly luminescencing molecules is difficult using two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy. Accurate determination of two-photon cross sections of these biochemicals could provide insight into fluorescence signal reduction caused by the absorption of excitation energy by non-target intracellular species. Non-resonant multiphoton photoacoustic spectroscopy (NMPPAS) is a novel technique we have developed for condensed matter measurements that has the potential for accurately determining two-photon absorption cross-sections of chemicals with small or non-existant fluorescence quantum yields. In this technique, near infrared light is used to generate an ultrasonic signal following a non-resonant two-photon excitation process. This ultrasonic wave is directly related to the non-radative relaxation of the chromophore of interest and is measured using a contact piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. The signal from the ultrasonic transducer can then be used to calculate two-photon absorption cross sections. This paper will describe the validation of this technique by measuring the two-photon absorption cross- sections of well characterized chromophores such as rhodamine B and coumarin 1 in solution as well as riboflavin in a gelatin tissue phantom.