gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron excess in alkaline earth sub-nitrides: 2D electron gas or 3D electride? (2013)

Alkaline earth sub-nitrides were synthesised more than five decades ago, but their potential for high-performance electronics was only recently demonstrated [Lee et al., Nature, 2013]. Based on the formal valence of the elements, there is an intrinsic excess of electrons, which is unusual for a chemically stable compound. We report an electrostatic and electronic analysis of Ca2N, Sr2N and Ba2N, which reveals a highly anisotropic electronic band structure, with a subtle balance between localisation and delocalisation of excess electrons in between positively charged planes of [M2N]+. A deep potential well is found at empty crystallographic positions, which are occupied by anions in the structurally analogous ternary nitrides. A greater degree of delocalisation (conductivity) is predicted for heavier metals.
ChemInform Abstract: An Elegant Synthesis of Zetaclausenamide. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Treatment of cyclic vomiting syndrome with co-enzyme Q10 and amitriptyline, a retrospective study (2010)

Our data suggest that the natural food supplement Co-Q is potentially efficacious and tolerable in the treatment of CVS, and should be considered as an option in CVS prophylaxis. Our data would likely be helpful in the design of a double-blind clinical trial.
Uniformity quantification of lubricant layer on magnetic recording media (1987)

Uniformity quantification of very thin PFPE (perfluoro-polyether) lubricant layers on thin film magnetic recording media is investigated using AR-ESCA. It is clarified that (1)of several non-uniform lube layer models, the ISLAND model ( with the lubricant coverage ratio on the SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> top-layer surface defined as θ ) matches the experimental AR-ESCA data best. (2) Measured θ increases somewhat linearly with increases in lube layer average thickness, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\bar{d}</tex> . (3)Coverage, θ, is closely related to media surface mechanical properties.
Effect of Graphitization on the Wettability and Electrical Conductivity of CVD-Carbon Nanotubes and Films (2006)

The use of carbon nanomaterials in various applications requires precise control of their surface and bulk properties. In this paper, we present a strategy for modifying the surface chemistry, wettability, and electrical conductivity of carbon tubes and films through annealing in a vacuum. Experiments were conducted with 60-300 nm nanotubes (nanopipes), produced by noncatalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in a porous alumina template, and with thin films deposited by the same technique on a glassy carbon substrate having the same structure and chemistry of the CNTs. The surface of the as-produced CVD-carbon, treated with sodium hydroxide to remove the alumina template, is hydrophilic, and the bulk electrical conductivity is lower by a factor of 20 than that of fully graphitic multiwalled nanotubes (MWNT) or bulk graphite. The bulk electrical conductivity increases to the conductivity of graphite after annealing at 2000 degrees C in a high vacuum. The analysis of CNTs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy shows the ordering of carbon accompanied by an exponential increase of the in-plane crystallite size, L(a), with increasing annealing temperature. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was used to study the interaction of CNT with water, and contact angle measurements performed using the sessile drop method on CVD-carbon films demonstrate that the contact angle increases nearly linearly with increasing annealing temperature.
Globus auth: A research identity and access management platform (2016)

Globus Auth is a foundational identity and access management platform service designed to address unique needs of the science and engineering community. It serves to broker authentication and authorization interactions between end-users, identity providers, resource servers (services), and clients (including web, mobile, desktop, and command line applications, and other services). Globus Auth thus makes it easy, for example, for a researcher to authenticate with one credential, connect to a specific remote storage resource with another identity, and share data with colleagues based on another identity. By eliminating friction associated with the frequent need for multiple accounts, identities, credentials, and groups when using distributed cyberinfrastructure, Globus Auth streamlines the creation, integration, and use of advanced research applications and services. Globus Auth builds upon the OAuth 2 and OpenID Connect specifications to enable standards-compliant integration using existing client libraries. It supports identity federation models that enable diverse identities to be linked together, while also providing delegated access tokens via which client services can obtain short term delegated tokens to access other services. We describe the design and implementation of Globus Auth, and report on experiences integrating it with a range of research resources and services, including the JetStream cloud, XSEDE, NCAR's Research Data Archive, and FaceBase.
Foot pressure measurement: A review of methodology (1981)

Measurement of the distribution of the vertical reaction between the sole of the foot and its supporting surface, the foot-ground pressure pattern, has exercised the ingenuity of designers for the last century. Methods of making such measurements are presented with discussion of their various advantages for particular applications. Some applications of the results to further the understanding of normal and pathological conditions are noted.
Non‐vertical deformations for seismic image flattening (2011)

Seismic image flattening produces subsurface images in which sedimentary layering is horizontal. With flattened images, interpretation of stratigraphic features is straightforward, and horizon picking is trivial. Most flattening methods are limited to vertical shearing and stretching of an image. Because of this limitation, these methods may have difficulty flattening seismic images that contain non‐vertical deformations without significantly distorting image features. We propose a new image flattening method that uses a vector shift field, instead of a scalar field of vertical shifts, to represent deformation in an image. The method can flatten by vertically shearing or by rotating portions of an image, or by a combination of vertical shear and rotation. Because it is not limited to vertical shearing, the method can flatten in ways more consistent with geologic deformation.
Translocation and Metabolism of a Seed Fungicide, Pefurazoate, in Rice Seedlings (1993)

水稲種籾に浸漬処理したペフラゾエート (4-ペンテニル=(RS)-2-[フルフリル (イミダゾール-1-イルカルボニル) アミノ] ブタノアート) の幼苗期の水稲における移行および代謝を, 三種の14C標識ペフラゾエートを用いて調べた. 砂培土に播種後3週目における水稲体内の14Cは, 三種の標識体において81.3～86.3%が種籾中に分布していたが, 5週目には54.1～55,8%に減少した. その減少は, ほぼ茎葉および根への移行によるものであつた. 一方, ペフラゾエートの代謝は活発で, 3週目に幼苗中全14Cの49.1～58.2%存在していたペフラゾエートは, 5週目には22.6～254%に減少し, その大部分 (90.2～93.9%) は種籾に存在していた. 主要代謝物として, 4-ペンテニル=(RS)-2-フルフリルアミノブタノアート, (RS)-2-フルフリルアミノブタノアート, 1-[(RS)-1-カルボキシラートプロピル]-3-ヒドロキシピリジニウム, N-(フラン-2-イルカルボニル) グリシン, (RS)-2-アミノブタン酸, イミダゾール, ヒダントイン, ヒダントイン酸が同定された. 抱合体の生成はわずかであった. これらの代謝物から, 水稲中における代謝経路は土壌中とほぼ同じであると考えられた.
Potential applications of molecular markers for genetic analysis of host–pathogen systems in forest trees (1992)

Applications of molecular markers for genetic analysis of host–pathogen systems are presented within the framework of the gene-for-gene model. The literature on complementary genetic interactions in host–pathogen systems is briefly reviewed. Flor's gene-for-gene hypothesis is summarized, and the design, execution, and genetic interpretation of experiments to test this hypothesis are described in detail. Various molecular techniques that have been used to complement the traditional gene-for-gene approach are also briefly reviewed. Three alternative approaches to developing molecular markers using the gene-for-gene framework are presented to illustrate the potential for applying molecular markers in forest tree–pathogen systems. Two of these alternative approaches allow partial confirmation of a hypothesized gene-for-gene genetic model without the usual requirement for advanced pedigrees. Such alternative approaches could greatly accelerate the development of marker-aided selection for disease resistance in forest tree–pathogen systems.
Recruitment and Collection of Dermal Interstitial Fluid Using a Microneedle Patch (2019)

Interstitial fluid (ISF) that surrounds cells in tissues of the body is a novel source of biomarker that complements conventional sources like blood, urine, and saliva. To overcome difficulties in harvesting ISF, a minimally invasive, rapid, simple-to-use, cost-effective method is developed to collect ISF from the skin involving a microneedle (MN) patch. By pressing 650 µm long MNs at an angle just below the skin surface, blood-free ISF flows through micropores to the skin surface and is absorbed into a thin strip of paper on the MN patch backing for subsequent analysis. An optimized method in rat skin in vivo is well tolerated and able to collect >2 µL of ISF within 1 min. Brief skin pretreatment with MNs followed by a 5 min delay dramatically increases subsequent ISF collection by a mechanism believed to involve increased skin hydration. ISF collection using an MN patch has the potential to simplify access to biomarkers in ISF for research and future medical diagnostic and monitoring applications.
A variational approach to bone segmentation in CT images (2011)

We present a variational approach for segmenting bone structures in Computed Tomography (CT) images. We introduce a novel functional on the space of image segmentations, and subsequently minimize this functional through a gradient descent partial differential equation. The functional we propose provides a measure of similarity of the intensity characteristics of the bone and tissue regions through a comparison of their cumulative distribution functions; minimizing this similarity measure therefore yields the maximal separation between the two regions. We perform the minimization of our proposed functional using level set partial differential equations; in addition to numerical stability, this yields topology independence, which is especially useful in the context of CT bone segmentation where a bone region may consist of several disjoint pieces. Finally, we present an extensive validation of our method against expert manual segmentation on CT images of the wrist, ankle, foot, and pelvis.
New method for measurement of waveform capture rate using random signal (2015)

Waveform capture rate is one of the most important indicators of digital storage oscilloscope, representing the ability of the system to capture waveforms in unit time. But for the actual acquisition systems, it is difficult to measure this indicator only by its external characteristics. In this paper, by analyzing the relation between the waveform capture rate and the dead-time of DSO, the new measurement method based on random pulse signal for waveform capture rate is proposed, and then this method has been verified in the actual system and gives the test results accordingly.
Nutrition and reproduction (2013)

Select nutrients, such as amino acids and vitamins, not only serve as building blocks for growth but also mediate a myriad of physiological functions, including providing substrates for DNA synthesis. These nutrients hold great promise as intervention strategies to combat a suboptimal developmental environment.
Quantification of systemic and local immune responses to individual rotavirus proteins during rotavirus infection in mice (1996)

The purpose of the present study was to develop a quantitative assay that could be used to measure the local and systemic immune responses to specific rotavirus proteins following rotavirus infection of adult mice. To measure these responses, we used an immunocytochemical staining assay of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) cells which were infected with recombinant baculovirus expressing selected rotavirus proteins. The specificity of the assay was documented by using a series of monoclonal antibodies to individual rotavirus proteins. We observed that the assay had high levels of sensitivity and specificity for a series of VP7- and VP4-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies which recognized conformation-dependent epitopes on their target proteins. We also studied immunoglobulin G (IgG) immune responses in serum and IgA immune responses in the stools of mice infected with wild-type murine rotavirus strain EHPw. In both sera and stools, the most immunogenic proteins were VP6 and VP4. VP2 was less immunogenic than VP6 or VP4, and the immune responses to VP7, NSP2, and NSP4 were very low in serum and undetectable in stools.
BapA, a large secreted protein required for biofilm formation and host colonization of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis (2005)

In environmental settings, biofilms represent the common way of life of microorganisms. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, the most frequent cause of gastroenteritis in developed countries, produces a biofilm whose matrix is mainly composed of curli fimbriae and cellulose. In contrast to other bacterial biofilms, no proteinaceous compound has been reported to participate in the formation of this matrix. Here, we report the discovery of BapA, a large cell-surface protein required for biofilm formation by S. Enteritidis. Deletion of bapA caused the loss of the capacity to form a biofilm whereas the overexpression of a chromosomal copy of bapA increased the biofilm biomass formation. We provide evidence that overproduction of curli fimbriae and not cellulose can compensate for the biofilm deficiency of a bapA mutant strain. BapA is secreted through a type I protein secretion system (BapBCD) situated downstream of the bapA gene and was found to be loosely associated with the cell surface. Experiments with mixed bacterial populations positive or negative for BapA showed that BapA minus cells are not recruited into the biofilm matrix. The expression of bapA is coordinated with that of genes encoding curli fimbriae and cellulose, through the action of csgD. Studies on the contribution of BapA to S. Enteritidis pathogenesis revealed that orally inoculated animals with a bapA-deficient strain survived longer than those inoculated with the wild-type strain. Also, a bapA mutant strain showed a significantly lower colonization rate at the intestinal cell barrier and consequently a decreased efficiency for organ invasion compared with the wild-type strain. Taken together, these data demonstrate that BapA contributes both to biofilm formation and invasion through the regular Salmonella infection route.
Investigation of drug release modulation from poly(2-oxazoline) micelles through ultrasound (2018)

Among external stimuli used to trigger release of a drug from a polymeric carrier, ultrasound has gained increasing attention due to its non-invasive nature, safety and low cost. Despite this attention, there is only limited knowledge about how materials available for the preparation of drug carriers respond to ultrasound. This study investigates the effect of ultrasound on the release of a hydrophobic drug, dexamethasone, from poly(2-oxazoline)-based micelles. Spontaneous and ultrasound-mediated release of dexamethasone from five types of micelles made of poly(2-oxazoline) block copolymers, composed of hydrophilic poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and hydrophobic poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) or poly(2-butyl-2-oxazoline-co-2-(3-butenyl)-2-oxazoline), was studied. The release profiles were fitted by zero-order and Ritger-Peppas models. The ultrasound increased the amount of released dexamethasone by 6% to 105% depending on the type of copolymer, the amount of loaded dexamethasone, and the stimulation time point. This study investigates for the first time the interaction between different poly(2-oxazoline)-based micelle formulations and ultrasound waves, quantifying the efficacy of such stimulation in modulating dexamethasone release from these nanocarriers.
Enforcing File System Permissions on Android External Storage (2014)

Mobile devices are fast becoming critical information management tools often storing a range of personal and corporate confidential data often synced from online and cloud based storage services. Mobile device operating system designers are increasing the security available to users, not only from traditional security risk vectors, but also to protect their privacy from the various apps (with potential malicious intent) installed on their device. In this paper, we developed a process for enforcing file system permissions on Android external storage (with minimal modifications to the operating system). Our process makes use of the application sandboxing supported on this platform to restrict parts of the external file system to a particular app or multiple apps holding a particular permission. We present an Android File system Permissions (AFP) prototype demonstrating the applicability of this work and demonstrate its utility using the ownCloud app for Android. We then highlight a number of limitations with the current permission enforcement capabilities for external storage on the platform.
New diformyldihydroxyaromatic precursors for luminescent Schiff base macrocycles: Synthesis, characterization, and condensation studies (2008)

With the goal of preparing luminescent, fully conjugated Schiff base macrocycles, a series of precursors based on benzene, phenanthrene, and triphenylene with formylhydroxy functionalization have been prepared and characterized. The condensation of these compounds with substituted phenylenediamines to afford conjugated [2+2] or [3+3] Schiff base macrocycle has been investigated. Although the [3+3] Schiff base macrocycles could not be isolated, two new soluble and luminescent [2+2] Schiff base macrocycles with N 2 O 2 binding pockets have been prepared and characterized.Key words: Schiff base, macrocycle, condensation, salicylaldehyde, conjugated.
The Cell Adhesion Molecule M-Cadherin Is Not Essential for Muscle Development and Regeneration (2002)

M-cadherin is a classical calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule that is highly expressed in developing skeletal muscle, satellite cells, and cerebellum. Based on its expression pattern and observations in cell culture, it has been postulated that M-cadherin may be important for the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes, the correct localization and function of satellite cells during muscle regeneration, and the specialized architecture of adhering junctions in granule cells of cerebellar glomeruli. In order to investigate the potential roles of M-cadherin in vivo, we generated a null mutation in mice. Mutant mice were viable and fertile and showed no gross developmental defects. In particular, the skeletal musculature appeared essentially normal. Moreover, muscle lesions induced by necrosis were efficiently repaired in mutant mice, suggesting that satellite cells are present, can be activated, and are able to form new myofibers. This was also confirmed by normal growth and fusion potential of mutant satellite cells cultured in vitro. In the cerebellum of M-cadherin-lacking mutants, typical contactus adherens junctions were present and similar in size and numbers to the equivalent junctions in wild-type animals. However, the adhesion plaques in the cerebellum of these mutants appeared to contain elevated levels of N-cadherin compared to wild-type animals. Taken together, these observations suggest that M-cadherin in the mouse serves no absolutely required function during muscle development and regeneration and is not essential for the formation of specialized cell contacts in the cerebellum. It seems that N-cadherin or other cadherins can largely compensate for the lack of M-cadherin.
Non-pharmacological and non-surgical strategies to promote sexual recovery for men with erectile dysfunction (2017)

Erectile dysfunction (ED), the most commonly reported sexual problem for men, reduces the quality of life for both patients and their partners. Even when physiologically effective, long-term adherence to ED treatments is poor. We review here the implication of having patients' partners involved in ED treatment, starting with treatment selection. We suggest that having partners engaged from the outset may promote an erotic association of the treatment with the partner, i.e., conceptually linking the aid to the sexual pleasure that the partner provides. We hypothesize that this erotic association should enhance the sexual aid's effectiveness and might potentially help improve long-term adherence. The primary focus of this review, though, is non-pharmacological and non-surgical options for maintaining sexual activity for men with ED. Though not ED treatments <i>per se</i>, anecdotal data suggest that these options may be effective for some patients and their partners in regaining a satisfying sex life. The aids discussed include external penile prostheses, penile sleeves, and penile support devices. These devices can allow men to participate in penetrative sexual intercourse despite moderate to severe ED. External penile prostheses can be personalized so they match in size and shape a man's normal full erection. Penile sleeves can similarly be customized with a lumen that fits best a patient's penis for optimal tactile stimulation. We review how multi-sensory integration can enhance sexual arousal for men who use such devices, allowing them to achieve orgasm despite intractable ED. Patients are not always advised within ED clinics about these options nor why and how they can facilitate non-erection dependent sexual recovery. Clinicians need to be aware of these devices and their positive attributes, so they can objectively counsel and encourage couples to explore their use as an alternative to more invasive treatments. The most commonly promoted non-medical ED aid offered to patients is the vacuum erection device. We discuss how erections achieved with the vacuum erection device have a "hinge effect", that is an underappreciated barrier to the effectiveness of the erection. With a hinged erection, the penis points downward rather than upward. We show how the normal kinematics of the penis during coitus is not strictly linear (i.e., not uniaxial; not just in-and-out), and is impeded by hinging. Positional adjustment, such as the receptive partner being on top, may help overcome this problem for some couples. Lastly, we suggest that, in the case where ED can be anticipated from a pending medical treatment, such as a prostatectomy, pre-habilitative approaches may potentially improve adherence to sexual aid use in the long-term. In conclusion, non-pharmacological and non-surgical options for sexual recovery are available. Scientific studies on the effectiveness of these interventions in restoring satisfying sex are warranted.
Flavoring in Extrusion (1993)

Flavor is of critical importance to the quality of extruded products. Flavor stability, generation of desirable flavor notes, and generation of off-flavors are significant factors that influence product acceptance. Internal incorporation or topical application are important concerns when flavoring extruded products. Since various mechanisms are involved in the retention and generation of flavor, a better understanding of the reactivity of flavor compounds and further characterization of the thermal stability, diffusivity, and volatility of flavors is critical when determining approaches to generate high quality extruded products. Some of the aforementioned issues are discussed in this chapter.