gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model verification and validation (2003)

In this paper we outline practical techniques and guidelines for verifying and validating simulation models. The goal of verification and validation is a model that is accurate when used to predict the performance of the real-world system that it represents, or to predict the difference in performance between two scenarios or two model configurations. The process of verifying and validating a model should also lead to improving a model's credibility with decision makers. We provide examples of a number of typical situations where model developers may make inappropriate or inaccurate assumptions, and offer guidelines and techniques for carrying out verification and validation.
Cu<sub>x</sub>S/CdS thin-film solar cells using chemically sprayed CdS films (1978)

Presents the results of a study of the photovoltaic effect of CuxS/CdS thin-film solar cells formed on chemically sprayed CdS films using a dipping method. The investigation centres on the study of the effects of the properties of the chemically sprayed CdS films on the photovoltaic response of the resulting cells. This includes the study of the parameters of film deposition, film thickness, grain-size and structure, spectral response and I-V characteristics. In general, good photovoltaic cells can be made using the chemically sprayed films. The photovoltaic response in the cells has been limited by the series resistance losses as well as grain-size effect which is responsible for the lowering of the shunting resistance observed in cells made on relatively thicker films. The cell performance is believed to be dependent on the copper content and the distribution within the cell.
MITOTIC REPLICATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI (1960)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Progressive Development of the Osteoblast Phenotype during Differentiation of Osteoprogenitor Cells Derived from Fetal Rat Calvaria: Model for in Vitro Bone Formation. (2002)

Osteoblasts are the primary cells responsible for bone formation and are thought to originate from mesenchymal osteoprogenitor cells within skeletal tissues. To elucidate the osteoblastic differentiation process, fetal rat calvariae (FRC) were enzymatically digested and fractionated to provide an osteoprogenitor-enriched cell population. The third fraction of cells from the five sequential digestions tested showed a significant osteogenic response to dexamethasone (Dex), a well-known differentiation hormone, which was demonstrated by high alkaline phosphatase activity early in culture and enhanced calcium deposition and bone nodule formation in late stage cultures. These data indicate that fraction three contains a large number of osteoprogenitor cells. During the osteoblastic differentiation of the third fraction of FRC cells, the formation of collagen cross-links (pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline) was time-dependently accelerated with the accumulation of collagens, which coincided with an onset of mineralization of the cultures, i.e., calcium deposition and bone nodule formation. Moreover, noncollagenous matrix proteins, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin, were also increased at both mRNA and protein level in Dex-treated cultures with advancing culture periods. Further examination for mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and TGF-beta1 revealed a notable elevation in BMP-6 mRNA expression on days 3 and 10, and no significant change in TGF-beta1 expression. These observations suggested that the progressive formation of collagen cross-links, production of noncollagenous proteins, and up regulation of BMP-6 mRNA play an important role in the osteoblastic differentiation process of osteoprogenitor cells isolated from FRC. This culture system provides us a suitable model for in vitro bone formation.
Conformation and dynamics in a solution of an <i>N</i>‐quaternized cinnamide derivative: A molecule active as a UV filter (1992)

Abstract The dynamics and conformation of N , N ‐dimethyl‐ N ‐[3‐(4‐methoxy‐trans‐cinnamoylamino)propyl]‐ N ‐ n ‐dodecylammonium bromide (1) have been established in two solvents (CDCl 3 and DMSO‐ d 6 ) by the use of 13 C spin–lattice relaxation rates, non‐selective and selective proton spin–lattice relaxation rates and 1 H–( 1 H) NOE experiments. The two solvents affect the conformation of the cinnamide moiety in different ways. This alters the anchor capacity of the moiety towards the alkyl chain and, as a consequence, the dynamics of 1 in CDCl 3 and DMSO‐ d 6 show understandable differences. However, the main mean conformations of 1 in both solvents are ‘linear’. The data do not allow the rationalization of the relationship between conformation and sunscreen efficiency.
Physical mechanism of HfO<inf>2</inf>-based bipolar resistive random access memory (2011)

The (anode) TiN/Ti/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /TiN (cathode) resistive random access memory (RRAM) has shown yield ~100%. Its simple metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure exhibits great potential for an embedded BEOL memory compatible with the high-k/metal gate CMOS process. There have been many theories of RRAM physical mechanism in the literature. This paper focuses on HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based RRAM and describes a complete physical mechanism from forming, SET/RESET, current conduction, to explanations of various observed phenomena including multilevel, cell size scaling, resistance fluctuation, soft error, and non-abrupt RESRT process. Finally, suggestions for device optimization are given based on the physical model.
Fusion cross sections and reactivities (1974)

Cross section and reactivity data are summarized for several important fusion reactions. Reactivities are included for both Maxwellian plasmas and beam- Maxwellian target fusion. Equations, tabular and also graphical presentations are included for convenience in a variety of applications. (auth)
Distributed Fault Detection for Wireless Sensor Based on Weighted Average (2010)

This paper presents a distributed fault detection algorithm for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by exploring the weighted average value scheme. Considering the spatial correlations in WSNs, a faulty sensor can diagnose itself through comparing its own sensed data with the average of neighbors' data. Simulation results show that sensor nodes with permanent faults are identified with high accuracy for a wide range of fault rate, and keep false alarm rate for different levels of sensor fault model.
Design of precise alignment orthogonal system used in micro-assembly (2012)

For the problems in the design of a flat part micro-assembly system,an orthogonal optical alignment mechanism was proposed to realize high-precision assembly of the miniature flat class structure by a man-machine cooperation micro-assembly system,and the error of high-precision alignment mechanism module was analyzed and calculated.Then,a micro-assembly system platform based on the microscopic machine vision and orthogonal optical alignment was established,and the micro-assembly experiments by proposed method were carried out.The optical alignment method proposed was effectively used in the assembly of integrated and complex micro heterogeneous electromechanical system such as the flat structures of silicon micro-MEMS devices and non-silicon MEMS devices.The results show that the consistency and efficiency of the micro-assembly are improved and enhanced greatly,and the designed platform has good openness and portability.When the prism orthogonal alignment mechanism produces the error of 0.001°,the theoretical deviation is less than 0.98 μm and the assembly accuracy of the actual experimental micro-assembly platform is less than 5 μm.The precision meets the general assembling accuracy requirements of the miniature flat class structure.
Cyclosporine A inhibits hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 2 through cyclophilin A # (2009)

CsA inhibits replication of JFH1 full-length genomes much more efficiently than subgenomic replicons by targeting cleavage at the NS2/NS3 junction and possibly other nonreplication lifecycle steps.
Fabrication of high speed 1 micron FIPOS/CMOS (1984)

High Speed 1 micron FIPOS/CMOS devices, 100 stages inverter chains and 1/8 dynamic frequency divider, have been developed and successfully fabricated. The fabrication process and the speed performance are discussed in this report. A high pressure oxidation is advantageous for reducing the wafer warpage in FIPOS process and applicable to the fabrication process. DDD structure or SPD structure for NMOS, and the shallow junction formed by BF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Implantation for PMOS, are applied to fabrication of the 1 micron FIPOS/CMOS. The devices have a high speed performance, 60psec stage delay at Vdd=5 V and maximum operating frequency Fmax=1 GHz.
Molecular Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Chemiluminescence Spectrometry (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMolecular Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Chemiluminescence SpectrometryPhilip B. Oldham, Matthew E. McCarroll, Linda B. McGown, and Isiah M. WarnerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 12, 197–210Publication Date (Web):May 9, 2000Publication History Published online9 May 2000Published inissue 1 June 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/a1000017phttps://doi.org/10.1021/a1000017preview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1935Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Fluorescence,Fluorescence detection,Fluorescence spectroscopy,Genetics,Luminescence Get e-Alerts
Design of a Pneumatic Tool for Manual Drilling Operations in Confined Spaces (2016)

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-03
Study on Relationship between the Distribution of Liquefied Sites and Landforms in the Otagawa Lowlands, Shizuoka Prefecture (2010)

静岡県西部の太田川下流低地において，1944年の東南海地震の際に生じた，噴砂地点と微地形・浅層堆積物との関係を考察した．液状化現象は一般的に，砂質の堆積物で構成される地表の微地形に対応して発生するとされるが，対象地域では局所的に後背湿地に集中して発生する場合がみられた．調査地における表層堆積物について検討したところ，後背湿地を構成する粘土－シルトの細粒堆積物の下位に，砂質シルト－砂の粗粒堆積物が検出され，噴砂地点の分布と対応することが明らかになった．さらに，この粗粒堆積物は遺跡で検出された埋没旧河道の両岸に認められ，地表の自然堤防構成層と同様の層相であるという特徴をもつことから，埋没した自然堤防構成砂層である可能性が高い．また，この自然堤防構成砂層が母材となった噴砂痕が弥生後期の考古遺跡から検出されており，1944年の地震時には，地表の微地形を構成する堆積物に加えて，このような埋没自然堤防構成砂層が液状化したと考えられる．
Continuous blood glucose monitoring: a review and preview (2005)

Physicians inappropriately think of blood glucose as a stable value because technology reduces a continuously varying parameter into a point-in-time measurement. Continuous blood glucose monitoring (CBGM) will force us to change this bad habit. Data management principles are suggested which will be necessary for conceptualizing the new data. The physiology of normal blood glucose fluctuations will be studied for the first time, and the diagnosis of diabetes will be duly defined. Most importantly, closed loop insulin delivery systems will be capable of correcting abnormal glucose metabolism in diabetes. Thus, the development of CBGM will change our concepts of physiology, disease and therapy.
ROV Mantis: A dual-purpose underwater vehicle (1986)

This paper reviews the last two years operational deep-water performance record of two manned/unmanned tethered ROV Mantis vehicles. Deviations of the system as compared to conventional submersibles and remotely operated vehicles (ROV's) are discussed and evaluated. Applications and advantages of this system in support of deep-water operations are appraised. Results and observations concluded in this paper deal with the importance of having a man in the water, or at least available to go in the water, and also those circumstances which require a remotely operated system either for safety or total bottom time requirement. The significance of each mode of operation is examined. Observations and conclusions have been compiled from operational data collected during over 250 actual dives in deep-water work to depths of 2000 ft ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim 600</tex> m).
Flexural Strength of RC Beam Strengthened by Partially De-bonded Near Surface-Mounted FRP Strip (2016)

This paper presents an experimental work to study the flexural strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened by partially de-bonded near surface-mounted (NSM) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) strip with various de-bonded length. Especially, considering high anchorage capacity at end of a FRP strip, the effect of de-bonded region at a central part was investigated. In order to check the improvement of strength or deformation capacity when the bonded surface area only increased without changing the FRP area, single and triple lines of FRP were planned. In addition, the flexural strength of the RC member strengthened by a partially de-bonded NSM FRP strip was evaluated by using the existing researchers’ strength equation to predict the flexural strength after retrofit. From the study, it was found that where de-bonded region exists in the central part of a flexural member, the deformation capacity of the member is expected to be improved, because FRP strain is not to be concentrated on the center but to be extended uniformly in the de-bonded region. Where NSM FRP strips are distributed in triple lines, a relatively high strength can be exerted due to the increase of bond strength in the anchorage.
India (1992)

'It's a lost cause.'1 Until the late 1970s, this short statement captured the general view of Indian drama written in English held by critics and even many playwrights working in the genre. While the quality of these plays varied, the writers working in English were lumped into one general category and accused of being un-Indian, phoney, even unpatriotic. The English-language theatre in India was criticised as being commercialised and shallow, catering to the urban, westernised elite. Indeed, as theatre production is an expensive venture, finances usually determined the choice of plays. Consequently the repertoires of the established English-language theatre groups consisted almost exclusively of foreign plays, particularly foreign box-office successes. The percentage of Indian plays written in the vernaculars was small and Indian plays written in English even smaller. The informal theatre groups working in English preferred to translate regional-language dramas. Five to six hundred one-act to full-length plays comprise the corpus of Indian drama written in English, roughly half of which were written before Independence. This includes about 170 plays which have been written since 1960.2KeywordsGreen RevolutionPower PlayPolitical ManipulationAsia PublishingIndian DramaThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Proapoptotic Effects of Caspase-1/Interleukin-Converting Enzyme Dominate in Myocardial Ischemia (2005)

Caspase-1/interleukin-converting enzyme (ICE) is a cysteine protease traditionally considered to have importance as an inflammatory mediator, but not as an apoptotic effector. Because of the dual functions of this caspase, the pathophysiological impact of its reported upregulation in hypertrophy and heart failure is not known. Here, the consequences of increased myocardial expression of procaspase-1 were examined on the normal and ischemically injured heart. In unstressed mouse hearts with a 30-fold increase in procaspase-1 content, unprocessed procaspase-1 was well tolerated, without detectable pathology. Cardiomyocyte processing and activation of caspase-1 and caspase-3 occurred after administration of endotoxin or with transient myocardial ischemia. In post-ischemic hearts, procaspase-1 overexpression was associated with strikingly increased cardiac myocyte apoptosis in the peri- and noninfarct regions and with 50% larger myocardial infarctions. Tissue culture studies revealed that procaspase-1 processing/activation is stimulated by hypoxia, and that caspase-1 acts in synergy with hypoxia to stimulate caspase-3 mediated apoptosis without activating upstream caspases. These data demonstrate that the proapoptotic effects of caspase-1 can significantly impact the myocardial response to ischemia and suggest that conditions in which procaspase-1 in the heart is increased may predispose to apoptotic myocardial injury under conditions of physiological stress.
Cognitive Impairment in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (2006)

These data suggest a possible association of advanced AMD and visual acuity with cognitive impairment in older persons.
High-efficiency temporally decorrelated multifocal arrays for multiphoton microscopy and micromachining (2001)

Temporally decorrelated multifocal arrays eliminate the spatial interference of adjacent foci that occurs in multifocal arrays and allow multifocal imaging with the diffraction-limited resolution of a single focus even with closely spaced foci. To date, we have produced 1-D temporally decorrelated multifocal arrays using low throughput etalons, which limited the efficiency of the arrays. In this work, we demonstrate a 2-D high-efficiency cascaded-beamsplitter array for producing the beamlets. Using the cascaded beamsplitters, we split the 800-nm light from an ultrashort-pulsed Ti:Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> laser into a 2-D array of beamlets in which the pulses arrive at a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction at different times. We then overlap the collimated beams with slightly different angles at the entrance aperture to a 1.25 NA oil-immersion objective and produce 2-dimensional array of foci that are temporally decorrelated. This allows multiphoton imaging with diffraction-limited focusing, even for pulses as short as 20-fs. This new method of imaging will make it possible to completely overlap the foci and eliminate the need for scanning. This makes highly efficient use of the power available from typical ultrafast lasers, increasing the frame rate in multiphoton microscopy and the throughput in micromachining applications.
The Very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Mediates the Cellular Catabolism of Lipoprotein Lipase and Urokinase-Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type I Complexes (1995)

The very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor binds apolipoprotein E-rich lipoproteins as well as the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein (RAP). Ligand blotting experiments using RAP and immunoblotting experiments using an anti-VLDL receptor IgG detected the VLDL receptor in detergent extracts of human aortic endothelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and human aortic smooth muscle cells. To gain insight into the role of the VLDL receptor in the vascular endothelium, its ligand binding properties were further characterized. In vitro binding experiments documented that lipoprotein lipase (LpL), a key enzyme in lipoprotein catabolism, binds with high affinity to purified VLDL receptor. In addition, urokinase complexed with plasminogen activator-inhibitor type I (uPA.PAI-1) also bound to the purified VLDL receptor with high affinity. To assess the capacity of the VLDL receptor to mediate the cellular internalization of ligands, an adenoviral vector was used to introduce the VLDL receptor gene into a murine embryonic fibroblast cell line deficient in the VLDL receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein, another endocytic receptor known to bind LpL and uPA.PAI-1 complexes. Infected fibroblasts that express the VLDL receptor mediate the cellular internalization of 125I-labeled LpL and uPA.PAI-1 complexes, leading to their degradation. Non-infected fibroblasts or fibroblasts infected with the lacZ gene did not internalize these ligands. These studies confirm that the VLDL receptor binds to and mediates the catabolism of LpL and uPA.PAI-1 complexes. Thus, the VLDL receptor may play a unique role on the vascular endothelium in lipoprotein catabolism by regulating levels of LpL and in the regulation of fibrinolysis by facilitating the removal of urokinase complexed with its inhibitor.
Some Renarks on Hydrodynamic Behavior of a Draft Tube Gas-Liquid-Solid Fluidized Bed (1984)

Etude du mode d'ecoulement, de la distribution de pression, de la profondeur de penetration de bulles et de la retenue de gaz dans le lit fluidise
Pharmacological blockade of group II metabotropic glutamate receptorsreduces the growth of glioma cells in vivo (2005)

U87MG human glioma cells in cultures expressed metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors mGlu2 and mGlu3. Addition of the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495 to the cultures reduced cell growth, expression of cyclin D1/2, and activation of the MAP kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathways. This is in line with the evidence that activation of mGlu2/3 receptors sustains glioma cell proliferation. U87MG cells were either implanted under the skin (1x10(6) cells/0.5 ml) or infused into the caudate nucleus (0.5x10(6) cells/5 microl) of nude mice. Animals were treated for 28 days with mGlu receptor antagonists by means of subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. Treatments with LY341495 or (2S)-alpha-ethylglutamate (both infused at a rate of 1 mg/kg per day) reduced the size of tumors growing under the skin. Infusion of LY341495 (10 mg/kg per day) also reduced the growth of brain tumors, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging analysis carried out every seven days. The effect of drug treatment was particularly evident during the exponential phase of tumor growth, that is, between the third and the fourth week following cell implantation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that U87MG cells retained the expression of mGlu2/3 receptors when implanted into the brain of nude mice. These data suggest that mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists are of potential use in the experimental treatment of malignant gliomas.