gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical characterization of binding properties of opacity-associated protein II from Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1987)

Binding of an opacity-associated protein II (PIIop) from Neisseria gonorrhoeae to eucaryotic macromolecules was studied. HeLa cell extracts were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose, and purified PIIop bound to approximately 50 distinct molecular species. The binding of PIIop to HeLa cell components was stable in high salt and nonionic detergent and was not inhibited by a variety of monosaccharides and polyionic substances. PIIop binding behavior was compared with that of two model carbohydrate-binding proteins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and concanavalin A (ConA). Model glycoproteins (ovomucoid, fetuin, mucin, ovalbumin) inhibited binding by PIIop, WGA, and ConA to various degrees. HeLa cell glycopeptides, generated by pronase digestion of chloroform-methanol-extracted cells, were tested for their ability to inhibit binding by PIIop to Western blots of HeLa cell macromolecules. HeLa cell extracts inhibited PIIop binding before pronase treatment, but inhibitory activity was lost as a result of pronase digestion. Direct binding to defined glycosylated and nonglycosylated proteins revealed that ConA and WGA bound only glycoproteins, whereas PIIop bound to proteins lacking carbohydrate as well. PIIop binding to human and bovine serum albumins was of high affinity and required partial unfolding of albumin; native albumin was not bound by PIIop; however, both the denatured, reduced form of albumin and the compact, nonreduced form of carboxymethylated albumin were bound strongly by PIIop. Albumin-PIIop interaction did not involve covalent bond formation through sulfhydryl groups. The predominant binding interactions of PIIop found in this study were with protein rather than carbohydrate, and the chemical nature of the interactions is more complex than involvement of purely ionic or hydrophobic forces.
Turbulence. The legacy of A.N. Kolmogorov (1995)

This textbook presents a modern account of turbulence, one of the greatest challenges in physics. The state-of-the-art is put into historical perspective five centuries after the first studies of Leonardo and half a century after the first attempt by A. N. Kolmogorov to predict the properties of flow at very high Reynolds numbers. Such 'fully developed turbulence' is ubiquitous in both cosmical and natural environments, in engineering applications and in everyday life. The intended readership for the book ranges from first-year graduate students in mathematics, physics, astrophysics, geosciences and engineering, to professional scientists and engineers. Elementary presentations of dynamical systems ideas, of probabilistic methods (including the theory of large deviations) and of fractal geometry make this a self-contained textbook.
Dihydroxyacetone: A Suntan-Simulating Agent (1960)

A recent cosmetic development indicates the possibility of acquiring a suntan from a bottle without exposure to the sun. Dihydroxyacetone, the active agent in these suntan-simulating proprietaries, has enjoyed wide popularity since its introduction. Dermatologists have been asked how this material acts and whether it is harmful. This paper considers some of its properties. <h3>Chemistry</h3> The structural formula of dihydroxyacetone (1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone) abbreviated hereafter as DHA is. DHA is, thus a 3-carbon sugar. It has been shown to be an intermediate in the metabolism of carbohydrates in higher plants and animals.<sup>1</sup>Oral intake of large quantities of the drug is well tolerated in man.<sup>2</sup>DHA is very soluble in cold water, ether, alcohol, and acetone; it is quite stable under normal storage. <h3>In Vivo Observations</h3> The best-known proprietary<sup>*</sup>is essentially a 5% aqueous solution of dihydroxyacetone. It is colorless when applied, but after a variable number of hours
Dopamine, Behavioral Economics, and Effort (2009)

There are numerous problems with the hypothesis that brain dopamine (DA) systems, particularly in the nucleus accumbens, directly mediate the rewarding or primary motivational characteristics of natural stimuli such as food. Research and theory related to the functions of mesolimbic DA are undergoing a substantial conceptual restructuring, with the traditional emphasis on hedonia and primary reward yielding to other concepts and lines of inquiry. The present review is focused upon the involvement of nucleus accumbens DA in behavioral activation and effort-related processes. Viewed from the framework of behavioral economics, the effects of accumbens DA depletions and antagonism on food-reinforced behavior are highly dependent upon the work requirements of the instrumental task, and DA depleted rats are more sensitive to increases in response costs (i.e., ratio requirements). Moreover, interference with accumbens DA transmission exerts a powerful influence over effort-related choice behavior. Rats with accumbens DA depletions or antagonism reallocate their instrumental behavior away from food-reinforced tasks that have high response requirements, and instead these rats select a less-effortful type of food-seeking behavior. Nucleus accumbens DA and adenosine interact in the regulation of effort-related functions, and other brain structures (anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, ventral pallidum) also are involved. Studies of the brain systems regulating effort-based processes may have implications for understanding drug abuse, as well as energy-related disorders such as psychomotor slowing, fatigue or anergia in depression and other neurological disorders.
Building a Prototype Prepaid Electricity Metering System Based on RFID (2012)

Abstract. The prepaid meter is important in making the consumer having sense about his/her energy consumption which is important in eliminating the difficulties facing the electrical utility employee in getting the reading of the conventional electromechanical meter and eliminating any error incurred in bills issuing. This paper is aimed at developing a prototype of a management system for a prepaid electrical power meter. The designed prepaid meter consists of an RFID reader, a microcontroller, a digital meter and a wireless gateway. The proposed prototype metering system consists of two parts: clients and server. An RFID reader is used to read the ID of the credit card and a PC connected to a hardware simulated circuit which is designed and implemented to simulate the operation of the digital meter. The server is located in the local substation which receives the card’s ID from clients and sends ID’s information back to the client after checking and/or updating the database.
Application of ionic polymer-metal composites for auto-focusing compact camera modules (2008)

Step-motor, piezo, liquid lens and voice coil motor (VCM) have been thought as good candidates for actuators in auto-focusing compact camera module (CCM). Currently, VCMs take possession of big place in auto-focusing CCM market. However, VCMs have limitations in developing thin, low-power CCMs. Therefore, ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) could be thought as one of the best candidates in developing auto-focusing CCM due to their well-known characteristics such as low-power consumption and large displacement. It is required that fast bending response (20 μm/20 ms) and large blocking force (800 mgf) should be achieved for the practical applications of IPMCs in developing auto-focusing CCM. Here, we present the method for increasing IPMC's bending response and displacement by anisotropic plasma treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrate the fabrication of a prototype of CCM actuated by IPMC and its remarkable low power consumption.
Comparison of Hetastarch to Albumin for Perioperative Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery (1991)

The effects of hetastarch and human albumin solutions on perioperative bleeding and coagulation parameters during abdominal aortic aneurysm repair were compared. In two randomized groups of 20 patients, albumin 5% (group 1) or hetastarch 6% (group 2) 1 g/kg was given during surgery. The remaining perioperative fluids consisted of lactated ringers and packed red blood cells. Perioperative coagulation measurements included partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, activated clotting time, platelet count, and bleeding time. Estimated blood loss and the total amount of crystalloid and blood infused were also measured. The surgeon, blind to the colloid used, subjectively rated bleeding on a scale of 1 to 10. There was no significant difference between groups for any measured parameter at any time. Measurements of coagulation function were within normal limits for both groups. Hetastarch does not cause clotting disorders in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, at least if the quantities used in this study are not exceeded.
Multiple Low Doses of 5-Fluorouracil Diminishes Immunosuppression by Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Murine Melanoma Model. (2015)

Altogether, our data suggest that 5-fluorouracil in multiple low regimens might be used to overcome tumor immunosuppression and improve the efficacy and outcome of anti-tumor immune responses in a mouse model.
Regulation of the Ca2+-inhibitable Adenylyl Cyclase Type VI by Capacitative Ca2+ Entry Requires Localization in Cholesterol-rich Domains (2000)

The endogenous Ca(2+)-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase type VI of C6-2B glioma cells is regulated only by capacitative Ca(2+) entry and not by a substantial elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) from either intracellular stores or via ionophore-mediated Ca(2+) entry (Chiono, M., Mahey, R., Tate, G., and Cooper, D. M. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1149-1155; Fagan, K. A., Mons, N., and Cooper, D. M. F. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 9297-9305). The present studies explored the role of cholesterol-rich domains in maintaining this functional association. The cholesterol-binding agent, filipin, profoundly inhibited adenylyl cyclase activity. Depletion of plasma membrane cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin did not affect forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity and did not affect capacitative Ca(2+) entry. However, cholesterol depletion completely ablated the regulation of adenylyl cyclase by capacitative Ca(2+) entry. Repletion of cholesterol restored the sensitivity of adenylyl cyclase to capacitative Ca(2+) entry. Adenylyl cyclase catalytic activity and immunoreactivity were extracted into buoyant caveolar fractions with Triton X-100. The presence of adenylyl cyclase in such structures was eliminated by depletion of plasma membrane cholesterol. Altogether, these data lead us to conclude that adenylyl cyclase must occur in cholesterol-rich domains to be susceptible to regulation by capacitative Ca(2+) entry. These findings are the first indication of regulatory significance for the localization of adenylyl cyclase in caveolae.
Intelligent Mobile Health Monitoring System (IMHMS) (2009)

Abstract. Health monitoring is repeatedly mentioned as one of the main application areas for Pervasive computing. Mobile Health Care is the integration of mobile computing and health monitoring. It is the application of mobile computing technologies for improving communication among patients, physicians, and other health care workers. As mobile devices have become an inseparable part of our life it can integrate health care more seamlessly to our everyday life. It enables the delivery of accurate medical information anytime anywhere by means of mobile devices. Recent technological advances in sensors, low-power integrated circuits, and wireless communications have enabled the design of low-cost, miniature, lightweight and intelligent bio-sensor nodes. These nodes, capable of sensing, processing, and communicating one or more vital signs, can be seamlessly integrated into wireless personal or body area networks for mobile health monitoring. In this paper we present Intelligent Mobile Health Monitoring System (IMHMS), which can provide medical feedback to the patients through mobile devices based on the biomedical and environmental data collected by deployed sensors.
Photon trapping and energy transfer in multiple-dye plastic matrices: an efficient solar-energy concentrator (1977)

Experiments are described illustrating enhanced photon trapping and efficient energy transfer in mixed-dye planar solar concentrators containing, for example, Rhodamine 6G and Coumarin 6. These concentrators intercept more of the solar spectrum to give an enhanced photon-flux gain that exceeds the single-dye concentrator. It is also shown that the energy absorbed by the donor dye is transferred efficiently into the emitting acceptor by two competing processes.
Direct His Bundle and Parahisian Cardiac Pacing (2012)

The success rate of direct His bundle pacing (DHBP) and paraHisian pacing has improved remarkably in the last 3-5 years with the advent of dedicated fixation systems that have reduced procedural duration, dislodgement rate, and fluoroscopy time. The methodology of DBHP remains still more complex than paraHisian pacing and is associated with high-pacing thresholds. Thus, DHBP entails greater battery current drain and reduced device longevity. A shift toward paraHisian pacing (which is fusion pacing of myocardium and His bundle) has occurred because its implementation is easier and the electrical parameters are superior to those of DBHP. Currently, an additional safety lead is inserted at the RV apex or outflow tract to prevent asystole, especially in patients with pure DHBP. It is often possible to avoid a safety lead with paraHisian pacing because ventricular pacing is virtually assured on a long-term basis via myocardial capture. DBHP and paraHisian pacing can be achieved in a substantial proportion of patients with varying grades of narrow QRS AV block or after AV junctional ablation and in some patients with the ECG manifestation of bundle branch block caused by an intraHisian lesion. Preliminary observations suggest that DHBP may be useful in some patients requiring cardiac resynchronization if it produces a narrow QRS complex because the site of an intraHisian lesion responsible for left bundle branch block is above the site of DHBP.
Immune Modulation and Tolerance Induction by RelB-Silenced Dendritic Cells through RNA Interference (2007)

Dendritic cells (DC), the most potent APCs, can initiate the immune response or help induce immune tolerance, depending upon their level of maturation. DC maturation is associated with activation of the NF-kappaB pathway, and the primary NF-kappaB protein involved in DC maturation is RelB, which coordinates RelA/p50-mediated DC differentiation. In this study, we show that silencing RelB using small interfering RNA results in arrest of DC maturation with reduced expression of the MHC class II, CD80, and CD86. Functionally, RelB-silenced DC inhibited MLR, and inhibitory effects on alloreactive immune responses were in an Ag-specific fashion. RelB-silenced DC also displayed strong in vivo immune regulation. An inhibited Ag-specific response was seen after immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin-pulsed and RelB-silenced DC, due to the expansion of T regulatory cells. Administration of donor-derived RelB-silenced DC significantly prevented allograft rejection in murine heart transplantation. This study demonstrates for the first time that transplant tolerance can be induced by means of RNA interference using in vitro-generated tolerogenic DC.
Cost and Mortality Associated With Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury (2014)

Hospital costs and mortality are strongly associated with postoperative AKI, are correlated with the severity of AKI, and are much higher for patients with other postoperative complications in addition to AKI.
Single base polymorphism in the human Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) gene detectable by <i>Ncol</i> restriction of PCR product (1992)

Journal Article Single base polymorphism in the human Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) gene detectable by Ncol restriction of PCR product Get access A.G. Wilson, A.G. Wilson * Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of SheffieldRoyal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F.S. di Giovine, F.S. di Giovine Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of SheffieldRoyal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.I.F. Blakemore, A.I.F. Blakemore Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of SheffieldRoyal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G.W. Duff G.W. Duff Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of SheffieldRoyal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 1, Issue 5, August 1992, Page 353, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/1.5.353 Published: 01 August 1992
Sticky poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels (1993)

Abstract Low‐temperature gelation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution was performed in the presence of CaCl 2 . The resulting PVA hydrogels showed high stickiness and excellent water‐holding ability. These properties became more remarkable with increasing CaCl 2 concentration in solvent. Furthermore, both the peel strength on stainless steel and the degree of swelling of the PVA hydrogel drastically increased as CaCl 2 concentration was increased from 20 to 30 wt %. It is concluded that the sticky and water‐holding properties of PVA hydrogels are intimately related to the state of hydration of Ca ions in aqueous environment. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Immunoregulatory role of interleukin 10 in rheumatoid arthritis. (1994)

The presence and the role of interleukin 10 (IL-10), a potent cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor and antiinflammatory cytokine, were investigated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The expression of both mRNA and protein for IL-10 could be demonstrated in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) joints. Human IL-10 mRNA could be demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA made by reverse transcription of total RNA extracted directly from synovial tissue in five out of five RA and four out of five OA patients. IL-10 protein was demonstrated by specific immunoassay and immunohistology. IL-10 protein was spontaneously produced in all 11 RA and 17 OA synovial membrane cultures investigated, and this production was sustained for up to 5 d in culture in the absence of any extrinsic stimulation. IL-10 protein could also be detected by immunohistology in all five RA and four OA synovial membrane biopsies investigated, but not three normal synovial membranes. Immunohistology revealed that the IL-10 was localized to the synovial membrane lining layer and mononuclear cell aggregates. Immunofluorescence double staining revealed that the sources of IL-10 were monocytes in the lining layer, and T cells in the mononuclear cell aggregates. We found evidence that the IL-10 expression was functionally relevant, as neutralization of endogenously produced IL-10 in the RA synovial membrane cultures resulted in a two- to threefold increase in the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 beta, although IL-6 and IL-8 levels were not affected. The addition of exogenous recombinant IL-10 to the RA synovial membrane cultures resulted in a two- to threefold decrease in the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. IL-8 levels were reduced by day 5; however, IL-6 levels were not affected by exogenous IL-10. Neutralization of the endogenous IL-10 in two out of seven RA synovial membrane cultures resulted in the expression of detectable levels of interferon gamma (561-1,050 pg/ml). Taken together, the above findings suggest that IL-10 is spontaneously produced in RA and OA and is an important immunoregulatory component in the cytokine network of RA, regulating monocyte and in some cases T cell cytokine production.
Methods for Reducing Microbial Contamination of Wheat Flour and Effects on Functionality (2012)

Recent food-borne illness outbreaks have been attributed to the consumption of raw wheat flour. This has caused many in the grain industry to rethink the assumption that wheat flour will undergo heat treatment (e.g., baking, cooking, frying, etc.) before consumption. Ozone, heat, and irradiation are among the treatments that have been explored as possible means of inactivating microorganisms in flour. In general there is a tradeoff between the destruction of microorganisms and the effects on the functional properties of wheat flour: moderate treatments that do not negatively affect flour functionality have little impact on microbial inactivation, while severe treatments are very effective at reducing bacteria but also reduce flour functionality. Research in this area is necessary and urgent to provide safe products for consumers.
A flux-weakening strategy for current-regulated surface-mounted permanent-magnet machine drives (1995)

Permanent-magnet synchronous machines fed from current-regulated converters feature nearly ideal performance at low-to-moderate speeds. However, as rotor speed increases the back emf rises which results in loss of current regulation and decreased torque. In buried-magnet machine drives, flux weakening is often used to extend the speed range. This paper sets forth a flux-weakening control specifically designed for surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines which is simple and does not require knowledge of the machine or system parameters. The proposed method is demonstrated both experimentally and through the use of computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of sol–gel‐derived titania coating for direct soft tissue attachment (2004)

A firm bond between an implant and the surrounding soft tissue is important for the performance of many medical devices (e.g., stents, canyls, and dental implants). In this study, the performance of nonresorbable and reactive sol-gel-derived nano-porous titania (TiO(2)) coatings in a soft tissue environment was investigated. A direct attachment between the soft tissue and the sol-gel-derived titania coatings was found in vivo after 2 days of implantation, whereas the titanium control implants showed no evidence of soft tissue attachment. The coated implants were in immediate contact with the connective tissue, whereas the titanium controls formed a gap and a fibrous capsule on the implant-tissue interface. The good soft tissue attachment of titania coatings may result from their ability to initiate calcium phosphate nucleation and growth on their surfaces (although the formation of poorly crystalline bonelike apatite does not occur). Thus, the formation of a bonelike CaP layer is not crucial for their integration in soft tissue. The formation of bonelike apatite was hindered by the adsorption of proteins onto the initially formed amorphous calcium phosphate growth centers, thus preventing the dissolution/reprecipitation processes required for the formation of poorly crystalline bonelike apatite. These findings might open novel application areas for sol-gel-derived titania-based coatings.