gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of the Balanidae (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha) (2004)

Pitombo, F. B. (2004). Phylogenetic analysis of the Balanidae (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha). — Zoologica Scripta , 33 , 261–276. Our concept of the family Balanidae has undergone many changes since it was originally proposed, and it is now a more circumscribed group. Nevertheless, there are no studies of the phylogenetic relationships among its currently recognized subfamilies: Balaninae, Concavinae and Megabalaninae. Here, a new suite of characters is presented, thus allowing a better evaluation of the systematics of the group. A fourth subfamily, the Amphibalaninae, is proposed to accommodate Amphibalanus gen. nov. and its allies, and Perforatus gen. nov. is proposed and transferred to the Concavinae (all formerly Balaninae). A phylogenetic analysis of the Balanidae was performed. The results showed that Balaninae is basal to the other three subfamilies as well as Concavinae, and Megabalaninae forms a monophyletic group. Hypotheses of character evolution are presented and discussed. As a general pattern, Concavinae and Megabalaninae have the most derived structures, such as the extension of the lateral margin of the sheath, inner face of radii with a longitudinal abutment, basis multilayered (vesicular) and a spur with infolded margins.
AN INSIDE VIEW OF PSEUDORANGE AND DELTA PSEUDORANGE MEASUREMENTS IN A DIGITAL NAVSTAR GPS RECEIVER (1981)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 13-15, 1981 / Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California
The Absolute Quantum Yields of the Fluorescence of Chlorophyll Solutions (1952)

An integrating sphere has been adapted to the measurement of the quantum yield of the fluorescence of solutions of pigments. The intensities of the fluorescence and of the absorbed light were determined separately with a thermopile. Chlorophylls a and b dissolved in various solvents have been studied with this apparatus over a range of concentrations, and the measured yields corrected for autoabsorption. The yield for chlorophyll a is 0.25 and is in general independent of solvent and excitation wavelength. The yield for chlorophyll b is 0.11 for ether solutions and 0.06 for methanol solutions. The absolute fluorescent yields of solutions of fluorescein, eosine, magdala red, and rubrene were also measured. These results are in reasonable agreement with the published values of the yields for the same compounds.
4-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene tetrahydroxamate chelators for the selective extraction of actinide ions: synthesis and preliminary metal ion extraction studies 1 (1997)

Organic extractants capable of selective and efficient removal of actinides such as plutonium and americium from aqueous process waste streams are potentially useful in radioactive waste remediation. In this context, with the help of molecular modelling, the 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetrahydroxamate chelators 1 and 2 have been identified as structures capable of achieving the selective solvent extraction of actinide(IV) ions from aqueous solutions. The syntheses of 1 and 2 from 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene have been accomplished in moderate yields using short synthetic sequences. Some extraction studies have been performed using Th4+ (as a surrogate for Pu4+), Fe3+, UO22+ and Cu2+ to estimate the metal ion selectivity and extraction efficacy of these chelators. Our preliminary results show these ligands are capable of extracting thorium(IV) efficiently but that they may not be selective for its extraction in the presence of iron(III).
Recyclability of PET from virgin resin (1999)

Bottle grade virgin PET (polyethylene terephthalate) resin was investigated through five consecutive injection molding steps to simulate recycling cycles. Tests were carried out after each recycling to evaluate degradation, crystallinity (by density and Differential Scanning Calorimetry-DSC measurements), hardness, and tensile and flexural properties. Consecutive recycling resulted in cumulative chain breaks caused by the material's contact with degrading agents such as temperature, oxygen, mechanical stresses, light, and water. In the fifth recycling step, for example, the number of carboxylic end groups, an indicator of the extent of chain-break, tripled in comparison to the initial molecule. The smaller chains that were formed fit more easily among the larger ones, thus increasing the percentage of crystalline phase in the structure. These two changes in the polymer's structure explained the recycled products' final properties, i.e., the injected samples became progressively harder and more fragile in each recycling step.
Sildenafil Increases Muscle Protein Synthesis and Reduces Muscle Fatigue (2013)

Reductions in skeletal muscle function occur during the course of healthy aging as well as with bed rest or diverse diseases such as cancer, muscular dystrophy, and heart failure. However, there are no accepted pharmacologic therapies to improve impaired skeletal muscle function. Nitric oxide may influence skeletal muscle function through effects on excitation-contraction coupling, myofibrillar function, perfusion, and metabolism. Here we show that augmentation of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling by short-term daily administration of the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil increases protein synthesis, alters protein expression and nitrosylation, and reduces fatigue in human skeletal muscle. These findings suggest that phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors represent viable pharmacologic interventions to improve muscle function.
Basic elements of COBOL 61 (1962)

article Free Access Share on Basic elements of COBOL 61 Author: Jean E. Sammet IBM Corporation, cambridge, MA IBM Corporation, cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 5Issue 5May 1962 pp 237–253https://doi.org/10.1145/367710.367721Online:01 May 1962Publication History 12citation550DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations12Total Downloads550Last 12 Months40Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Android Apps Marketing: Secrets to Selling Your Android App (2010)

The Easy, Complete, Step-by-Step Guide to Marketing Your Android Apps! There are huge profits to be made in selling Android apps! But with more than 70,000 apps now available, posting your app to the Android Market is no longer enough. You need to market your app effectively. Dont know much about marketing? Dont worry: This book gives you all the step-by-step help youll need. Top app marketing consultant Jeffrey Hughes walks you through building a winning marketing plan, crafting highly competitive apps, choosing your message, building buzz, and connecting with people wholl actually buy your app. Packed with examples, this book makes Android apps marketing easy! Youll learn how to Identify your apps unique value, target audience, and total message Understand the Android Markets dynamics Cut through clutter and get your app into the top selling categories Set the right price for your app and effectively sell its value Get reviewers to recommend your apps Write effective press releases Time your marketing and publicity for maximum effectiveness Blog about your app and get the attention of influential bloggers Use Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and other social media to generate buzz Use promotions and cross-marketing just like professional marketers do Measure and improve your results with Android Analytics Generate a loyal audience that will buy your next app, too Earn steady revenue, build a brand, and make a real business out of app development
Kinetics of rouleaux formation using TV image analyzer. I. Human erythrocytes (1983)

An apparatus for determining the velocity of erythrocyte rouleaux formation was constructed, combining an inverted microscope, a transparent cone-plate viscometer, a TV image analyzer, and a computer. At lower shear rates, the overall process is the sedimentation and the rouleaux formation followed by the development of three-dimensional aggregates. The individual erythrocyte could be observed and the process was expressed by the time courses of the changes in the count and area of particles; taking the computed increment in the area/count, the rate of rouleaux formation could be estimated. The effects of shear rates, hematocrits, plasma proteins, and pH were quantified. The rate of rouleaux formation in autologous plasma increased by (1) lowering the shear rates (1.9 less than or equal to gamma less than or equal to 15 s-1),2) increasing the hematocrit (up to 0.6%), 3) adding human fibrinogen (up to 600 mg/dl) or gamma-globulin, and 4) increasing pH. The transformation to echinocytes or to stomatocytes decreased the rate of rouleaux formation. The pH effect was explained by the increase in mean corpuscular volume at lower pH rather than by the changes in the electrostatic repulsion or in the protein binding.
Detection of ambiguous portions of signal corresponding to OOV words or misrecognized portions of input (2002)

One of the key problems for large vocabulary ASR is the detection of unknown or misrecognized portions of the input. The paper presents results obtained using a local rejection algorithm. The algorithm is derived from the two pass recognition algorithm by H. Murveit et al. (1993) and is used to detect misrecognized portions based on the number per frame of active words during the second pass. The hypothesis underlying the algorithm is that recognition on unexpected data, i.e. noise or out of vocabulary (OOV) words, is likely to result in activation of more words, since no word matches the data well; on the other hand, when the match is good, fewer words should be active. The algorithm was tried on part of the WSJ 5K November 1993 test, in which there were no OOV words (3370 words in total) and on the digit strings only Macrophone data (14686 words of which 895 were OOV). The results obtained indicate that our approach is promising, both for the detection of OOV words and misrecognized portions of the input. It may provide the base on which to build tools for dealing with these phenomena. These tools might include dialogue mechanisms based on the list of activated words corresponding to a rejected portion, display mechanisms such as reverse video or rescoring schemes.
Optos‐guided pattern scan laser (Pascal)‐targeted retinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2011)

This pilot study reports that Optos-guided Pascal 20-ms TRP using 1500 burns for treatment-naive PDR is a promising procedure with favourable safety profile.
Accelerated Curing of Compacted Calcium Silicate Mortars on Exposure to CO <sub>2</sub> (1974)

The parameters affecting strength development in compacted cylinders of 3CaO‐ SiO 2 and β‐2CaO‐ SiO 2 mortars exposed to CO 2 were investigated. Strength increased with time up to 81 min, the duration of the longest detailed study. The β‐2CaO‐ SiO 2 develops strength more slowly initially, but both silicates achieved compressive strengths of 7,000 to 10,000 psi. The rate of increase in strength depends on both the amount of water used in molding the compact and the amount of water present in the CO 2 . Increasing CO 2 pressures from 1 to 2 atm increased the rate of reaction, but a further increase to 4 atm had little additional effect. Carbonation occurs mainly in the outer portions of the cylindrical compacts. The initial reaction on exposure to CO 2 appears to be accelerated hydration of the silicates to a CaO‐SiO 2 ‐H 2 O‐like gel and calcite. The gel has a stoichiometry similar to that found in conventional hydration. Further reaction results in progressive carbonation of the gel, which decreases its lime content. The reaction products appear to be intimately dispersed in the microstructure.
Inhibition of Gluconeogenesis in Primary Hepatocytes by Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1 (SDF-1) through a c-Src/Akt-dependent Signaling Pathway (2008)

Hepatic gluconeogenesis is elevated in diabetes and a major contributor to hyperglycemia. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine and an activator of Akt. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SDF-1 suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through Akt. Our results from isolated primary hepatocytes show that SDF-1alpha and SDF-1beta inhibited glucose production via gluconeogenesis and reduced transcript levels of key gluconeogenic genes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Additionally, SDF-1alpha and SDF-1beta both inhibited activation of the PEPCK promoter. In examining the mechanism by which SDF-1 inhibits gluconeogenesis, we found that SDF-1 promoted phosphorylation of Akt, FoxO1, and c-Src, but did not activate insulin receptor substrate-1-like insulin. Blockade of Akt activation by LY294002, FoxO1 translocation by constitutively nuclear FoxO1 mutant, or c-Src activation by the chemical inhibitor PP2, respectively, blunted SDF-1 suppression of gluconeogenesis. Finally, our results show that knocking down the level of SDF-1 receptor CXCR4 mRNA blocked SDF-1 suppression of gluconeogenesis. Together, our results demonstrate that SDF-1 is capable of inhibiting gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes through a signaling pathway distinct from the insulin signaling.
A Fine Rate Control Algorithm With Adaptive Rounding Offsets (ARO) (2009)

Rate control plays an important role in regulating the bit rate to meet the bandwidth and storage requirement. Most existing video encoders regulate the bit rate by adjusting the quantization step size. We propose to incorporate a new dimension: the quantization rounding offset into rate control. In this paper, we present a rate control algorithm with adaptive rounding offsets (ARO) that jointly adjusts the quantization step size and the rounding offset for high bit rate accuracy. Different from the quantization step size that has a limited number of choices, the rounding offset is a continuously adjustable variable that allows the rate control algorithm to reach any precision in principle. Our extensive experimental results show that the proposed ARO algorithm significantly improves the rate control accuracy at almost no extra computational complexity. Compared with the rho-domain rate control, the ARO algorithm reduces the rate control errors from about 2% to 0.5% for INTRA frames, and 5% to 1.5% for INTER frames. Our experiments also demonstrate that ARO provides the extra benefit of smoother visual quality.
Efficient Method for Selective Introduction of Substituents as C(5) of Isoleucine and Other α-Amino Acids (2006)

[reaction: see text] A useful process for the position-selective remote bromination of N-trifluoroacetyl-alpha-amino esters is illustrated for the isoleucine case. The 5-bromoisoleucine derivative shown above can be used for the synthesis of many modified amino acids, as described herein.
Economia Circular: o que é e qual o seu papel na sociedade? (2021)

A economia circular, baseada em fluxos circulares de reutilizacao, restauracao e renovacao, permite um crescimento economico pautado na sustentabilidade, gerando um equilibrio entre sociedade, meio ambiente e economia. Propoe-se um estudo que aprofunde as discussoes sobre a economia circular, contextualizando-a e mostrando sua evolucao, de forma a apresentar as vantagens da mudanca da atual economia linear. Objetiva-se mostrar tambem como a metodologia e aplicada e quais os beneficios a sociedade trazidos por organizacoes que ja adotaram praticas circulares em sua gestao.
New Hardware Realizations of Nonrecursive Digital Filters (1973)

Analysis of the bit-level operations involved in the convolution realizing a nonrecursive digital filter leads to hardware designs of digital filters based on the operation of counting.
A general chemical shift decomposition method for hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C metabolite magnetic resonance imaging (2016)

Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized carbon-13 allows sequential steps of metabolism to be detected in vivo. Potential applications in cancer, brain, muscular, myocardial, and hepatic metabolism suggest that clinical applications could be readily developed. A primary concern in imaging hyperpolarized nuclei is the irreversible decay of the enhanced magnetization back to thermal equilibrium. Multiple methods for rapid imaging of hyperpolarized substrates and their products have been proposed with a multi-point Dixon method distinguishing itself as a robust protocol for imaging [1-(13) C]pyruvate. We describe here a generalized chemical shift decomposition method that incorporates a single-shot spiral imaging sequence plus a spectroscopic sequence to retain as much spin polarization as possible while allowing detection of metabolites that have a wide range of chemical shift values. The new method is demonstrated for hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate, [1-(13) C]acetoacetate, and [2-(13) C]dihydroxyacetone. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time-lag measurement of void discharges for the clarification of the factor for partial discharge pattern (2002)

Time-lag of void discharges was measured in order to establish the physical model for the formation of partial discharge pattern under AC voltages. The measurement with step voltages, using CIGRE Method II electrode system, showed that the statistical distribution of the discharge time-lag depends on the applied voltage, the time lag being shorter with increasing the voltage. In most cases, the statistical scatter of the time lag under the same step voltage fitted with a straight line on the Laue Plot, indicating that the time-lag follows the exponential distribution. The characteristic time-lag decreased with the magnitude of step voltage, and followed the inverse power low. The decline of the "time-lag vs. voltage" plot was correlated to the partial discharge pattern under the AC voltage. Moreover, the time-lag distribution with different kinds of specimens were compared together, in order to explain the difference in partial discharge pattern under AC voltage. It was concluded that the discharge time-lag plays an important roll in generating the partial discharge pattern, and that some features of the pattern can qualitatively be explained by the voltage dependence of the discharge time-lag.
Aire-Deficient C57BL/6 Mice Mimicking the Common Human 13-Base Pair Deletion Mutation Present with Only a Mild Autoimmune Phenotype (2009)

Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is an important transcription regulator that mediates a role in central tolerance via promoting the "promiscuous" expression of tissue-specific Ags in the thymus. Although several mouse models of Aire deficiency have been described, none has analyzed the phenotype induced by a mutation that emulates the common 13-bp deletion in human APECED (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy) by disrupting the first plant homeodomain in exon 8. Aire-deficient mice with a corresponding mutation showed some disturbance of the medullary epithelial compartment, but at the phenotypic level their T cell compartment appeared relatively normal in the thymus and periphery. An increase in the number of activated T cells was evident, and autoantibodies against several organs were detected. At the histological level, lymphocytic infiltration of several organs indicated the development of autoimmunity, although symptoms were mild and the quality of life for Aire-deficient mice appeared equivalent to wild-type littermates, with the exception of male infertility. Vbeta and CDR3 length analysis suggested that each Aire-deficient mouse developed its own polyclonal autoimmune repertoire. Finally, given the prevalence of candidiasis in APECED patients, we examined the control of infection with Candida albicans in Aire-deficient mice. No increase in disease susceptibility was found for either oral or systemic infection. These observations support the view that additional genetic and/or environmental factors contribute substantially to the overt nature of autoimmunity associated with Aire mutations, even for mutations identical to those found in humans with APECED.
Human Tumor Antigens Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow (2017)

The question of whether human tumors express antigens that can be recognized by the immune system has been answered with a resounding YES. Most were identified through spontaneous antitumor humoral and cellular immune responses found in cancer patients and include peptides, glycopeptides, phosphopeptides, viral peptides, and peptides resulting from common mutations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, or common gene fusion events. Many have been extensively tested as candidates for anticancer vaccines. More recently, attention has been focused on the potentially large number of unique tumor antigens, mutated neoantigens, that are the predicted products of the numerous mutations revealed by exome sequencing of primary tumors. Only a few have been confirmed as targets of spontaneous immunity and immunosurveillance, and even fewer have been tested in preclinical and clinical settings. The field has been divided for a long time on the relative importance of shared versus mutated antigens in tumor surveillance and as candidates for vaccines. This question will eventually need to be answered in a head to head comparison in well-designed clinical trials. One advantage that shared antigens have over mutated antigens is their potential to be used in vaccines for primary cancer prevention. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 347-54. ©2017 AACR</i>.
RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PHASE III, PIVOTAL FIELD TRIAL OF THE COMPARATIVE IMMUNOGENICITY, SAFETY, AND TOLERABILITY OF TWO YELLOW FEVER 17D VACCINES (ARILVAX™ AND YF-VAX®) IN HEALTHY INFANTS AND CHILDREN IN PERU (2005)

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, phase III yellow fever (YF) vaccine trial among 1,107 healthy children in Sullana in northern Peru. The safety and efficacy (by measurement of geometric mean neutralizing antibody titer responses) were determined for two YF vaccines, ARILVAX™ (n = 738) and YF-VAX® (n = 369). Serocon-version rates were higher (94.9%) in ARILVAX™ than in YF-VAX® (90.6%) recipients. The two-sided 95% confidence interval (YF-VAX®–ARILVAX™) was (-12.8% to -2.5%), indicating that the higher seroconversion rate for Arilvax™ was significant. Post-vaccination (30-day) mean log 10 neutralization indices were found to be similar for both products: 1.32 for ARILVAX™ and 1.26 for YF-VAX® ( P = 0.1404, by analysis of variance). A similar number of subjects in each group reported at least one adverse event (AE); 441 (59.8%) for ARILVAX™ versus 211 (59.9%) for YF-VAX®. Most (591; 96.7%) of these were of a mild nature and resolved without treatment. There were no treatment-related serious AEs. This is the first randomized, double-blind comparison of two YF vaccines in a pediatric population; both vaccines were shown to be highly immunogenic and well-tolerated.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung compared with other histotypes shows higher messenger RNA and protein levels for thymidylate synthase (2006)

Data from the current study consistently indicated higher TS expression levels in squamous cell and in high-grade carcinomas. This information may be useful in selecting which patients with NSCLC should receive treatment with TS-inhibiting agents.