gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Catheter-Driven MRI Scanner: A New Approach to Intravascular Catheter Tracking and Imaging-Parameter Adjustment for Interventional MRI (2004)

Active tracking, combined with automatic scanning plane and imaging parameter adjustment, provides an intuitive MRI scanner interface for the guidance of the vascular procedure.
Multiple immune abnormalities in tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin-α double-deficient mice (1996)

To investigate the roles of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT)-alpha in the development and function of the immune system, the Tnf and Ltalpha genes were simultaneously inactivated in mice by homologous recombination. These mutant mice are highly susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes infection and resistant to endotoxic shock induced by the combined administration of D-galactosamine (D-GaIN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Their splenic microarchitecture is disorganized, characterized by the loss of the clearly defined marginal zone, ill defined T and B cell areas, and absence of MAdCAM-1 and reduced ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and Mac-1 expression. They are devoid of peripheral lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, and show a strong reduction of IgA+ plasma cells in the intestinal lamina propria. The alymphoplasia is accompanied by a marked B lymphocytosis and reduced basal lg levels. Ig depositions in the renal glomerulus and a strong up-regulation of MHC class I antigen expression on endothelial cells of different tissues are observed. The primary humoral immune response towards sheep red blood cells reveals a defective IgG isotype switch, while that against vesicular stomatitis virus is normal. The cytotoxic T cell responses are attenuated, although still effective, against vaccinia, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV-ARM) and LCMV-WE. In conclusion, the combined inactivation of Tnf and Ltalpha confirms their essential role in the normal development and function of the immune system.
Correction: Protective mAbs and Cross-Reactive mAbs Raised by Immunization with Engineered Marburg Virus GPs (2015)

There is an error in the 18th author's name; the middle initial is missing. The correct name is Jody D. Berry. This author's affiliation is also incorrect.

The correct affiliation is: Cangene Corp, now a subsidiary of Emergent Biosolutions. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

This author's current address is: Proteos, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI
On the Planning and Design Problem of Fog Computing Networks (2018)

This paper proposes an exact model for the planning and design problem of fog networks. More precisely, a mathematical model is proposed to simultaneously determine the optimal location, the capacity and the number of fog node(s) as well as the interconnection between the installed fog nodes and the cloud. The goal of the model is to minimize the delay in the network and the amount of traffic sent to the cloud data center. To address this multi-objective optimization problem, three optimization techniques are used: the weighted sum, the hierarchical and the trade-off methods. The weighted sum method aggregates all the lone objective functions into a single objective by applying a weighted vector. The hierarchical method takes a sequential approach by tightly constraining the more important objective function. The trade-off method solves a single objective function and translates all other objective functions into constraints. These methods are then compared in terms of average delay, amount of traffic sent to the cloud and amount of CPU time required to find optimal solution(s). Since we are dealing with a multi-objective optimization problem and that multiple optimal solutions can be found, the fuzzy-based mechanism and the hypervolume indicator have been used. Computational results show that as the problem size increases, the delay and the traffic also increase in a linear form; whereas, the solution time increases in non-polynomial time. The weighted sum method was able to achieve the best trade-off results for the delay and the traffic, whereas the hierarchical method was able to return minimum delay but with worse traffic going to the cloud. As the model considers realistic edge device traffic parameters, constraints, and various topology aspects, it can be helpful for the planning and deployment of fog networks and how they operate within a cloud infrastructure.
Parallel Multiscale Feature Extraction and Region Growing: Application in Retinal Blood Vessel Detection (2009)

This paper presents a parallel implementation based on insight segmentation and registration toolkit for a multiscale feature extraction and region growing algorithm, applied to retinal blood vessels segmentation. This implementation is capable of achieving an accuracy (Ac) comparable to its serial counterpart (about 92%), but 8 to 10 times faster. In this paper, the Ac of this parallel implementation is evaluated by comparison with expert manual segmentation (obtained from public databases). On the other hand, its performance is compared with previous published serial implementations. Both these characteristics make this parallel implementation feasible for the analysis of a larger amount of high-resolution retinal images, achieving a faster and high-quality segmentation of retinal blood vessels.
Board Characteristics and R&D Investment: Evidence from Taiwan's Electronics Industry (2012)

This study investigates the effects of board characteristics on R&D investment by utilizing a data set of electronics firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporations. The empirical results indicate that R&D investment is negatively associated with board size and positively associated with directors’ education level. The impact of board meeting frequency on R&D investment is positive, but not significant. The findings provide one important managerial implication that firms competing on innovation through R&D spending may consider having a smaller board or giving considerable weight to the nomination of highly educated directors to the board.
Effect of dentinal tubule occlusion by dentifrice containing nano‐carbonate apatite (2008)

This study evaluated the effects of the short-term use of a dentifrice containing nano-sized carbonate apatite (n-CAP) on the occlusion of the dentinal tubules using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an image analyser in vitro. One hundred human dentine specimens were wet ground with a silicone carbide papers and etched with 6% citric acid for 1 min to allow complete opening of the dentinal tubule. Specimens showing complete opening tubules were used as the baseline. The specimens were divided randomly into five groups: G1: 0% n-CAP, G2: 5% n-CAP, G3: 10% n-CAP, G4: 20% n-CAP and G5: 10%strontium chloride (SrCl(2)). Five specimens from each group were brushed by applying 50, 100, 250 and 500 strokes, respectively. All the specimens were evaluated by a SEM (x3000), and the degree of occlusion of the dentinal tubules was quantified using an image analyser. The results were analysed by one-way anova and a Tukey's test using the spss 12.0 statistical package program. The dentifrice containing 20% n-CAP for 50 strokes, which indicated 2-day use, showed the highest tubular occlusion than the other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, this group showed 79.5% and 77.4% less open tubular area than the baseline and 0% n-CAP group, respectively. The groups containing various concentrations of n-CAP showed significant differences in the SrCl(2) group after tooth-brushing for 500 strokes, which indicated 17-day use. According to this examination of the short-term use of desensitizing dentifrices in vitro, the dentifrice containing 20% n-CAP was the most effective in occluding the dentinal tubules.
Potential Cholestatic Activity of Various Therapeutic Agents Assessed by Bile Canalicular Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Rats and Humans (2003)

The active transport of solutes mediated by the bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) and multidrug resistance associated protein-2 (MRP2/ABCC2) are thought to involve bile acid-dependent and -independent bile formation, respectively. To evaluate the potential of therapeutic agents as inhibitors of such transporters on bile canalicular membranes, we examined the inhibition of the primary active transport of typical substrates by 15 drugs, clinically known to cause cholestasis in canalicular membrane vesicles. The inhibition by most of the compounds in rat canalicular membrane vesicles (CMVs) was minimal or observed at much higher concentrations than obtained in clinical situations. However, cloxacillin, cyclosporin A and midecamycin inhibited BSEP, and cyclosporin A and midecamycin inhibited MRP2 with an inhibition constant close to the clinical concentration. By comparing the inhibition potential between rat and human CMVs, the inhibition of BSEP- and MRP2-mediated transport by midecamycin and cyclosporin A was relatively similar whereas the inhibitory effect on BSEP-mediated transport by cloxacillin and glibenclamide was more marked in humans than in rats. These results suggest that the majority of cholestasis-inducing drugs have a minimal inhibitory effect on rat BSEP and MRP2 although species differences in inhibitory potential should be considered, especially in the case of BSEP.
CodeGenie: (2007)

We present CodeGenie, a tool that implements a test-driven approach to search and reuse of code available on largescale code repositories. With CodeGenie, developers designtest cases for a desired feature first, similar to Test-driven Development (TDD). However, instead of implementing the feature from scratch, CodeGenie automatically searches foran existing implementation based on information available in the tests. To check the suitability of the candidate results in the local context, each result is automatically woven into the developer's project and tested using the original tests. The developer can then reuse the most suitable result. Later, reused code can also be unwoven from the project as wished. For the code searching and wrapping facilities, CodeGenie relies on Sourcerer, an Internet-scale source code infrastructure that we have developed.
On the interpretation of weight vectors of linear models in multivariate neuroimaging (2013)

The increase in spatiotemporal resolution of neuroimaging devices is accompanied by a trend towards more powerful multivariate analysis methods. Often it is desired to interpret the outcome of these methods with respect to the cognitive processes under study. Here we discuss which methods allow for such interpretations, and provide guidelines for choosing an appropriate analysis for a given experimental goal: For a surgeon who needs to decide where to remove brain tissue it is most important to determine the origin of cognitive functions and associated neural processes. In contrast, when communicating with paralyzed or comatose patients via brain-computer interfaces, it is most important to accurately extract the neural processes specific to a certain mental state. These equally important but complementary objectives require different analysis methods. Determining the origin of neural processes in time or space from the parameters of a data-driven model requires what we call a forward model of the data; such a model explains how the measured data was generated from the neural sources. Examples are general linear models (GLMs). Methods for the extraction of neural information from data can be considered as backward models, as they attempt to reverse the data generating process. Examples are multivariate classifiers. Here we demonstrate that the parameters of forward models are neurophysiologically interpretable in the sense that significant nonzero weights are only observed at channels the activity of which is related to the brain process under study. In contrast, the interpretation of backward model parameters can lead to wrong conclusions regarding the spatial or temporal origin of the neural signals of interest, since significant nonzero weights may also be observed at channels the activity of which is statistically independent of the brain process under study. As a remedy for the linear case, we propose a procedure for transforming backward models into forward models. This procedure enables the neurophysiological interpretation of the parameters of linear backward models. We hope that this work raises awareness for an often encountered problem and provides a theoretical basis for conducting better interpretable multivariate neuroimaging analyses.
Unleashing endogenous TNF-alpha as a cancer immunotherapeutic (2018)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was originally identified in the 1970s as the serum mediator of innate immunity capable of inducing hemorrhagic necrosis in tumors. Today, a wide spectrum of biological activities have been attributed to this molecule, and clinical translation has mainly occurred not in using it to treat cancer, but rather to inhibit its effects to treat autoimmunity. Clinical trials utilizing systemic TNF-alpha administration have resulted in an unacceptable level of toxicities, which blocked its development. In contrast, localized administration of TNF-alpha in the form of isolated limb perfusion have yielded excellent results in soft tissue sarcomas. Here we describe a novel approach to leveraging the potent antineoplastic activities of TNF-alpha by enhancing activity of locally produced TNF-alpha through extracorporeal removal of soluble TNF-alpha receptors. Specifically, it is known that cancerous tissues are infiltrated with monocytes, T cells, and other cells capable of producing TNF-alpha. It is also known that tumors, as well as cells in the tumor microenvironment produce soluble TNF-alpha receptors. The authors believe that by selectively removing soluble TNF-alpha receptors local enhancement of endogenous TNF-alpha activity may provide for enhanced tumor cell death without associated systemic toxicities.
Itay Neeman. Games of countable length. Sets and Proofs (Leeds, 1997), edited by S. Barry Cooper and John K. Truss, London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, vol. 258. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, pp. 159-196. - Itay Neeman. <i>Unraveling</i> Π<sub>1</sub><sup>1</sup><i>sets</i>. Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, vol. 106, no. 1–3 (2000), pp. 151-205. - Itay Neeman. <i>Unraveling</i> Π<sub>1</sub><sup>1</sup><i>sets, revisited</i>. Israel Journal of Mathematics, to appear. (2005)

Itay Neeman. Games of countable length. Sets and Proofs (Leeds, 1997), edited by S. Barry Cooper and John K. Truss, London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, vol. 258. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, pp. 159-196. - Itay Neeman. Unraveling Π11sets. Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, vol. 106, no. 1–3 (2000), pp. 151-205. - Itay Neeman. Unraveling Π11sets, revisited. Israel Journal of Mathematics, to appear. - Volume 11 Issue 4
Post-electrophoretic identification of oxidized proteins (1999)

The oxidative modification of proteins has been shown to play a major role in a number of human diseases. However, the ability to identify specific proteins that are most susceptible to oxidative modifications is difficult. Separation of proteins using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) offers the analytical potential for the recovery, amino acid sequencing, and identification of thousands of individual proteins from cells and tissues. We have developed a method to allow underivatized proteins to be electroblotted onto PVDF membranes before derivatization and staining. Since both the protein and oxidation proteins are quantifiable, the specific oxidation index of each protein can be determined. The optimal sequence and conditions for the staining process are (a) electrophoresis, (b) electroblotting onto PVDF membranes, (c) derivatization of carbonyls with 2,4-DNP, (d) immunostaining with anti DNP antibody, and (e) protein staining with colloidal gold.
Behavioural Effect of Engineered Cells that Synthesize L‐DOPA or Dopamine after Grafting into the Rat Neostriatum (1990)

Cell lines in which tyrosine hydroxylase was introduced either by infection or transfection were used in grafting experiments in a rat model of Parkinson's disease obtained by unilateral lesion of the substantia nigra. A neuroblastoma NS20 Y cell line which synthesizes only l-dopa and a neuroendocrine AtT-20 cell line which produces dopamine were obtained. They were grafted into denervated striata and their ability to compensate for the dopaminergic deficit was studied. Both modified cell types displayed a rapid partial reversal of apomorphine-induced turning behaviour. No effect was observed with the control unmodified cell lines. We discuss the usefulness of engineered cell lines to address the fundamental issues in grafting experiments and more particularly in the therapy of Parkinson's disease.
Common model and infrastructure for application of XML within the automation domain (2005)

Nowadays, the use of XML as a description language has become state of the art within the automation and control domain. Use cases and application scenarios are manifold, resulting in heterogeneous XML document structures. However, a common basic model for XML applications suitable for the automation domain is still lacking. This paper describes requirements and principle structures for such a common model, which has been developed for use within PROFIBUS and PROFINET systems. An application example is included to prove the feasibility of the content model and the infrastructure definitions.
A Novel Pathway Involving Melanoma Differentiation Associated Gene-7/Interleukin-24 Mediates Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug–Induced Apoptosis and Growth Arrest of Cancer Cells (2006)

Numerous studies show that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in chemoprevention or treatment of cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying these antineoplastic effects remain poorly understood. Here, we report that induction of the cancer-specific proapoptotic cytokine melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24) by several NSAIDs is an essential step for induction of apoptosis and G(2)-M growth arrest in cancer cells in vitro and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. We also show that MDA-7/IL-24-dependent up-regulation of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible 45 alpha (GADD45alpha) and GADD45gamma gene expression is sufficient for cancer cell apoptosis via c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and growth arrest induction through inhibition of Cdc2-cyclin B checkpoint kinase. Knockdown of GADD45alpha and GADD45gamma transcription by small interfering RNA abrogates apoptosis and growth arrest induction by the NSAID treatment, blocks JNK activation, and restores Cdc2-cyclin B kinase activity. Our results establish MDA-7/IL-24 and GADD45alpha and GADD45gamma as critical mediators of apoptosis and growth arrest in response to NSAIDs in cancer cells.
Implementing Quicksort programs (1978)

This paper is a practical study of how to implement the Quicksort sorting algorithm and its best variants on real computers, including how to apply various code optimization techniques. A detailed implementation combining the most effective improvements to Quicksort is given, along with a discussion of how to implement it in assembly language. Analytic results describing the performance of the programs are summarized. A variety of special situations are considered from a practical standpoint to illustrate Quicksort's wide applicability as an internal sorting method which requires negligible extra storage.
The Ketonimine Dyestuffs and their Derivatives (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Ketonimine Dyestuffs and their DerivativesD. F. J. Lynch and J. David ReidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 6, 2515–2520Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01333a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01333a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Excess Properties of Some Methanol + Amide Systems Proposed as Working Fluids for Absorption Machines (1999)

Excess enthalpies and excess volumes of the binary systems methanol + N-formylmorpholine, methanol + N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine, and methanol + 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been measured. Excess enthalpies HE were measured in a Calvet microcalorimeter and excess volume VE in a vibrating-tube densimeter. All the VE values were negative, and the HE values were also negative except those of the methanol + N-formylmorpholine system. The results are discussed qualitatively in terms of molecular interactions. A version of the UNIFAC group contribution model has been used to compare the predicted and experimental HE results.
Snapback device studies using multilevel TLP and multi-impedance TLP testers (2005)

Standard 50-ohm TDR TLP systems do not accurately measure the clamp voltage and minimum holding currents of snapback ESD protection structures. Two methods are presented that can accurately determine device operation at the turn-on point. Multilevel TLP generated with charge lines is contrasted with 100-to-1000-ohm TDRT for snapback parameter determination.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts, Fractions and Lignans Isolated from<i>Phyllanthus amarus</i> (2005)

This study assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts and purified lignans obtained from Phyllanthus amarus. Given orally, the hexane extract (HE), the lignan-rich fraction (LRF), or the lignans phyltetralin, nirtetralin, niranthin, but not hypophyllanthin or phyllanthin, inhibited carrageenan (Cg)-induced paw oedema and neutrophil influx. The HE, the LRF or nirtetralin also inhibited the increase of IL1-beta tissue levels induced by Cg. Furthermore, bradykinin (BK)-, platelet activating factor (PAF)- and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced paw oedema were significantly inhibited by the HE or LRF while histamine- and substance P-induced paw oedema were unaffected. Finally, nirtetralin or phyltetralin caused inhibition of paw oedema induced by PAF or ET-1. These results show that the HE, the LRF and the lignans niranthin, phyltetralin and nirtetralin exhibited marked anti-inflammatory properties and suggest that these lignans seem to be the main active principles responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties reported for the HE of P. amarus.