gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paludismo grave y complicado en niños. Hospital regional de Bata. Guinea Ecuatorial. 2003 Severe and complicated malaria in children at “Bata” Regional Hospital- Equatorial Guinea (2005)

El paludismo grave es el causado por el Plasmodium falciparum, que cada año cobra millones de vidas en los países del tercer mundo, siendo los niños los más afectados, por este motivo se realizó estudio prospectivo, descriptivo transversal de los pacientes pediátricos que ingresaron con gota gruesa positiva a plasmodium falciparum, del mes de enero a julio del año 2003 en el hospital regional de Bata en Guinea Ecuatorial. Se encontró que el 49% de los ingresos correspondieron a los niños de 1-4 años, siguiendoles los menores de un año con 34,5% de casos. Se encontró que el 24% de los niños solo permanecieron un día en el hospital y el 67% de 2-5 días. Presentaron complicaciones 35,5% de los ingresados, la anemia severa fue la complicación que más se presentó (17,3%), los trastornos hidroelectrolíticos le siguieron con un 10%. Fallecieron 16 niños, de ellos con anemia severa 10 para (62,5%), con estadía de menos de un día fallecieron 7 pacientes y de 2-5 días otros 7 niños y entre los 6-13 días hubo 2 muertes. La principal recomendación fue que los niños con sospecha de paludismo deben ser atendidos inmediatamente para evitar las graves complicaciones de ésta enfermedad.<br>Severe malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum taken millions of lives in Third World countries every year and being children the most affected. A descriptive, prospective, cross "sectional and correlational-casual study was carried out with pediatric patients who were admitted at Bata Regional Hospital in Equatorial Guinea after practicing a thick" film method test with positive results of plasmodium falciparum from January to July 2003, aimed at establishing clinical features of children affected by plasmodium falciparum determining the number of admissions, stay in hospital, complications and mortality, scientific methods used were empiric; analyzing documents and verbal interviews, statistic methods were: parametric samples and percentage-mean, using descriptive statistics. It was determined that 49 % of the admitted children were 1-4 years old, followed by children under 1 year old (34.5 %) of the cases, 24 % of the children stayed one day in the hospital and 67 % stayed from 2 to 5 days. The total of cases admitted presenting complications were 397; it was not possible to evaluate 232 cases (23 %), severe anemia was the most frequent complications "200 children (20 %), electrolyte disorders in 79 cases (10 %) and hypoglycemia" 70 cases (7 %). Sixteen children died with severe anemia 10 (62.5 %). Those patients staying in the hospital less than a day (7 died), from 2 ? 5 days (7 children died) with 6 - 13 days in hospital only 2 children died. The most important conclusion stated was: that those children being suspected of suffering from Malaria should be immediately assisted in order to avoid severe complications of this disease.
A platform for output dialogic strategies in natural multimodal dialogue systems (2007)

The development of natural multimodal dialogue systems remains a very difficult task. The flexibility and naturalness they offer result in an increased complexity that current software tools do not address appropriately. One challenging issue we address here is the generation of cooperative responses in an appropriate multimodal form, highlighting the intertwined relation of content and presentation. We identify a key component, the dialogic strategy component, as a mediator between the natural dialogue management and the multimodal presentation. This component selects the semantic information content to be presented according to various presentation constraints. Constraints include inherent characteristics of modalities, the availability of a modality as well as preferences of the user. Thus the cooperative behaviour of the system could be adapted as could its multimodal behaviour. In this paper, we present the dialogic strategy component and an associated platform to quickly develop output multimodal cooperative responses in order to explore different dialogic strategies.
DNA sequence analysis of artificially evolved ebg enzyme and ebg repressor genes. (1989)

The ebg system has been used as a model to study the artificial selection of new catalytic functions of enzymes and of inducer specificities of repressors. A series of mutant enzymes with altered catalytic specificities were previously characterized biochemically as were the changes in inducer specificities of mutant, but fully functional, repressors. The wild type ebg operon has been sequenced, and the sequence differences of the mutant enzymes and repressors have been determined. We now report that, contrary to our previous understanding, ebg enzyme contains 180-kD alpha-subunits and 20-kD beta-subunits, both of which are required for full activity. Mutations that dramatically affect substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency lie in two distinct regions, both well outside of the active site region. Mutations that affect inducer specificity of the ebg repressor lie within predicted sugar binding domains. Comparisons of the ebg beta-galactosidase and repressor with homologous proteins of the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae lac operons, and with the galactose operon repressor, suggest that the ebg and lac operons diverged prior to the divergence of E. coli from Klebsiella. One case of a triple substitution as the consequence of a single event is reported, and the implications of that observation for mechanisms of spontaneous mutagenesis are discussed.
3.3 A 0.5-to-32.75Gb/s flexible-reach wireline transceiver in 20nm CMOS (2015)

The introduction of high-speed backplane transceivers inside FPGAs has addressed critical issues such as the ease in scalability of performance, high availability, flexible architectures, the use of standards, and rapid time to market. These have been crucial to address the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth in communication and storage systems [1-3], requiring novel techniques in receiver (RX) and clocking circuits.
Interaction of multichip module substrates with high-density connectors (1993)

The stresses and strains in substrate-connector systems in multichip modules (MCMs) are discussed. Simultaneous stresses were applied as structural loads in combined stress models. Modeling results show that definite relations exist between connector pitch, length, substrate thickness and material, and stresses in a connector body.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancing detection sensitivity of piezoelectric plate sensor by increasing transverse electromechanical coupling constant (2013)

In this study, we examined how the materials’ properties of a lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate solid solution, [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.63[PbTiO3]0.37 (PMN-PT) piezoelectric plate sensor (PEPS) affected the enhancement of the relative detection resonance frequency shift, −Δf/f of the sensor, where f and Δf were the resonance frequency and resonance frequency shift of the sensor, respectively. Specifically, the electromechanical coupling constant, −k31, of the PMN-PT PEPS was varied by changing the grain size of the piezoelectric layer as well as by applying a bias direct current electric field. Detection of streptavidin at the same concentration was carried out with biotin covalently immobilized on the surface of PEPS. It is shown that the −Δf/f of the same streptavidin detection was increased by more than 2-fold when the −k31 increased from 0.285 to 0.391.
Nonlinear Silicon Photonics: Analytical Tools (2009)

Since the recent demonstration of chip-scale, silicon-based, photonic devices, silicon photonics provides a viable and promising platform for modern nonlinear optics. The development and improvement of such devices are helped considerably by theoretical predictions based on the solution of the underlying nonlinear propagation equations. In this paper, we review the approximate analytical tools that have been developed for analyzing active and passive silicon waveguides. These analytical tools provide the much needed physical insight that is often lost during numerical simulations. Our starting point is the coupled-amplitude equations that govern the nonlinear dynamics of two optical waves interacting inside a silicon-on-insulator waveguide. In their most general form, these equations take into account not only linear losses, dispersion, and the free-carrier and Raman effects, but also allow for the tapering of the waveguide. Employing approximations based on physical insights, we simplify the equations in a number of situations of practical interest and outline techniques that can be used to examine the influence of intricate nonlinear phenomena as light propagates through a silicon waveguide. In particular, propagation of single pulse through a waveguide of constant cross section is described with a perturbation approach. The process of Raman amplification is analyzed using both purely analytical and semianalytical methods. The former avoids the undepleted-pump approximation and provides approximate expressions that can be used to discuss intensity noise transfer from the pump to the signal in silicon Raman amplifiers. The latter utilizes a variational formalism that leads to a system of nonlinear equations that governs the evolution of signal parameters under the continuous-wave pumping. It can also be used to find an optimum tapering profile of a silicon Raman amplifier that provides the highest net gain for a given pump power.
Selective depletion of CD14+ CD16+ monocytes by glucocorticoid therapy (1998)

Glucocorticoids (GC) are potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents that act on many cells of the body, including monocytes. Here we show that a 5-day course of high dose GC therapy differentially affected the CD14++ and the CD14+ CD16+ monocyte subpopulations in 10 patients treated for multiple sclerosis. While the classical (CD14++) monocytes exhibited a substantial increase from 495 +/- 132 to 755 +/- 337 cells/microl, the CD14+ CD16+ monocytes responded with a pronounced decrease from 36 +/- 15 to 2 +/- 3 cells/microl (P < 0.001). In 4/10 patients the CD14+ CD16+ monocytes fell below detection limits (<0.2 cells/microl). This observation was confirmed when the CD14+ CD16+ monocytes were identified by virtue of their low CD33 expression as these cells decreased as well. After discontinuation of GC therapy the CD14+ CD16+ monocytes reappeared and reached normal levels after 1 week. The profound depletion of CD14+ CD16+ monocytes by GC as described here is a novel effect of GC action in vivo and may contribute to GC-mediated immunosuppression. Determination of the number of this monocyte subset may also serve to monitor the effectiveness of GC therapy in patients requiring immunosuppressive treatment.
RATT-ECC (2016)

This article proposes a rate-adaptive, two-tiered error-correction scheme (RATT-ECC) that provides strong reliability (10 10 x reduction in raw FIT rate) for an HBM-like 3D DRAM system. The tier-1 code is a strong symbol-based code that can correct errors due to small granularity faults and detect errors caused by large granularity faults; the tier-2 code is an XOR-based code that corrects errors detected by the tier-1 code. The rate-adaptive feature of RATT-ECC enables permanent bank failures to be handled through sparing. It can also be used to significantly reduce the refresh power consumption without decreasing reliability and timing performance.
HOT PRESSING HIGH-TEMPERATURE COMPOUNDS (1961)

The technique of hot pressing and the factors to be considered in designing suitable equipment are discussed. Examples are quoted of three main classes of materials: ( a ) unbonded hard materials, ( b ) materials containing a small amount of a cementing phase or impurity affecting densification, and ( c ) materials containing an appreciable amount of a cementing phase. Current theories concerning the mechanism of densification during hot pressing are discussed.
Spiral inductors with projected floating shields: An alternative method for RF shielding (2009)

Higher values for quality factors (Q) in resonant tank circuits are desirable in RF/microwave applications because of reduced energy consumption and lower heating. This paper introduces spiral inductors with specially shaped shields that are floating capacitive plates, and are shown as a new and compact method to improve the efficiency of LC tank circuits without process modifications. The proposed shielding technique is intended to complement or improve existing Q enhancement methods. This improvement of Q is from electric field shielding, an effect that reduces energy dissipation caused by capacitive coupling to the surroundings. The effectiveness was demonstrated using microstrip spirals that were 3 cm across. The inductors were 70-270 nH and contributed to resonator frequencies ranging from 200-400 MHz. These test structures show 5-15% higher Qs when evaluated at resonance.
In Silico and Transcriptional Analysis of Carbohydrate Uptake Systems of <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> A3(2) (2004)

Streptomyces coelicolor is the prototype for the investigation of antibiotic-producing and differentiating actinomycetes. As soil bacteria, streptomycetes can metabolize a wide variety of carbon sources and are hence vested with various specific permeases. Their activity and regulation substantially determine the nutritional state of the cell and, therefore, influence morphogenesis and antibiotic production. We have surveyed the genome of S. coelicolor A3(2) to provide a thorough description of the carbohydrate uptake systems. Among 81 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) permeases that are present in the genome, we found 45 to encode a putative solute binding protein, an essential feature for carbohydrate permease function. Similarity analysis allowed the prediction of putative ABC systems for transport of cellobiose and cellotriose, alpha-glucosides, lactose, maltose, maltodextrins, ribose, sugar alcohols, xylose, and beta-xylosides. A novel putative bifunctional protein composed of a substrate binding and a membrane-spanning moiety is likely to account for ribose or ribonucleoside uptake. Glucose may be incorporated by a proton-driven symporter of the major facilitator superfamily while a putative sodium-dependent permease of the solute-sodium symporter family may mediate uptake of galactose and a facilitator protein of the major intrinsic protein family may internalize glycerol. Of the predicted gene clusters, reverse transcriptase PCRs showed active gene expression in 8 of 11 systems. Together with the previously surveyed permeases of the phosphotransferase system that accounts for the uptake of fructose and N-acetylglucosamine, the genome of S. coelicolor encodes at least 53 potential carbohydrate uptake systems.
Effective wound management: identifying criteria for infection. (2007)

This article provides an overview of the European Wound Management Association's (2005) position document Identifying Criteria for Wound Infection and outlines its relevance and clinical applicability. The document is divided into four parts: understanding wound infection; clinical identification of wound infection--a Delphi approach; identifying criteria for pressure ulcer infection; and identifying surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention. Each part is discussed separately.
A model for the scattering current distribution on bent, lossy, loaded thin wires (2003)

The current distribution on a straight, perfectly conducting thin wire illuminated by a plane wave can be expressed as a sum of traveling current waves. Through the use of a simple model, this traveling wave theory can be extended to finding the current distribution on bent, lossy, loaded thin wires situated in a homogeneous conducting medium. If it is assumed that these waves are TEM (transverse electromagnetic) in nature, familiar transmission line theory can be used to model them. When the effects of radiation loss and mutual coupling are ignored, the expressions are greatly simplified and are surprisingly accurate when compared to a moment method solution. The results obtained from Richmond's moment method code (1973) and the transmission line model for several cases are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Concise Tour to the Virtual Old Prague (2002)

This paper describes a structure and a user interface of the Internet based 3D presentation of existing historical part of city Prague. The application offers a smooth tour to selected regions of the real city, utilizing number of standard and modern technologies including VRML, Java, and PHP. The architecture of the whole virtual model is presented together with several advanced and specific features like dynamic loading und unloading objects or newly proposed LOD for urban scenes. This running web application seems to be currently unique in terms of complexity, functionality, and scaleability for further growth. The paper introduces methodology suitable for immediate creation of arbitrary virtual city according to a real one.
A robust load-sharing control scheme for parallel-connected multisystems (2000)

Parallel connection of inverters or converters is one useful method for solving the high power requirements. However, a load-sharing problem among parallel-connected systems is not an easy task, since crosstalk may take place among the subsystems. We develop a general methodology for solving the load sharing problem using the master-slave concept. In synthesizing the input to the slave system, we utilize system-dynamics-dependent filters. With the proposed method, we can equally distribute the load, or can give a certain offset (in load) to a specific subsystem. To show the usefulness of the proposed control scheme, we perform a simulation study with two practical systems: a current-balancing control in parallel-connected pulsewidth modulation converters and a speed and tension control for a bridle roll system in a steel mill.
Colchicine down-regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in murine macrophages (1997)

Activation of macrophages by LPS and taxol results in production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), which are involved in regulating hemopoiesis, inflammation, and immune responses. Microtubules are proposed as a target site for LPS interaction(s), based on similarities between the effects of the tubulin-binding drug taxol and LPS. To clarify the role of microtubules in LPS-induced GM-CSF expression in macrophages, we examined whether microtubule depolymerizing agents affect GM-CSF production in macrophages. Pretreatment with colchicine impaired LPS induction of GM-CSF in RAW 264 cells, and studies using stable transfectants revealed that colchicine impaired the transcriptional responsiveness of a reporter gene driven by a GM-CSF promoter sequence. Colchicine inhibition of the GM-CSF response correlated with decreases in the mRNA levels of beta-tubulin; maximal inhibition of both events was observed 4 h after addition of colchicine. Microtubule agents inhibited LPS induction of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, while the induction of both IL-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase was unaltered, suggesting that LPS activates microtubule-dependent and -independent pathways. Interestingly, LPS stimulation of macrophages down-regulated levels of beta-tubulin transcripts, implying that LPS interacts with an element(s) of the microtubule network in vivo, activating pathways regulating transcription of beta-tubulin. The ability of both colchicine and LPS to modulate transcription of beta-tubulin suggests that this event does not per se underlie the inhibitory effect of colchicine on LPS-induced GM-CSF expression. These data led us to conclude that colchicine inhibits LPS induction of GM-CSF by affecting microtubule-dependent costimulatory signaling pathways that synergize with primary LPS-triggered responses.
Redesign of the vehicle bonnet structure for pedestrian safety (2011)

Redesign of the structure of the bonnet to improve pedestrian head protection has recently received considerable attention from automobile manufacturers and industry institutes. The fatality of a head injury is based on the head injury criterion (HIC) value. This HIC value is calculated on the basis of the resultant acceleration of the head’s centre of gravity (hereafter called the head centre) during head impacts. This study analyses the constitution of and variation in the resultant acceleration in head-to-bonnet impacts, and how each component of acceleration exactly contributes to the resultant acceleration of the head centre. This study also considers how the structural design parameters affect each component of acceleration. The causes that make the characteristic variation in the resultant acceleration differ from the optimal characteristic pulse will be analysed and discussed in detail. Based on the results of this analysis, the sudden increase in K (the curvature of the head centre’s motion) after several milliseconds of the impact process must be eliminated. The sudden increase in K in this duration does not depend on the mass and stiffness of the bonnet but does depend on the characteristics of the reinforcement structure. Therefore, a new design of the bonnet reinforcement structure has eliminated the sudden increase in K. The bonnet reinforcement structure, as well as the bonnet thickness, have been designed to make the resultant acceleration of the head centre close to the optimal acceleration pulse. The results of this study contribute to efforts to design an improved vehicle bonnet structure and to pave the way for developing pedestrian protection technologies.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften von TiSCl<sub>2</sub> (1959)

Abstract Die Darstellung eines Titansulfochlorids, TiSCl 2 , wird beschrieben. Die Dichte des TiSCl 2 wird bestimmt; außerdem werden die durch thermische Zersetzung des TiSCl 2 entstehenden Produkte identifiziert.
Herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript is a stable intron. (1991)

The latency-associated transcript (LAT) is the major viral transcript detected by in situ hybridization of mouse and human sensory ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. The last 750 bases of LAT are complementary to infected-cell polypeptide 0, a herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early gene that encodes a transactivating protein that may facilitate re-activation of the virus from the latent state. Several laboratories have shown that LAT accumulates in the nucleus and is not polyadenylylated. Recently, we showed that the promoter for LAT lies 688 bases upstream from its 5' end. We report here that LAT is actually a uniquely stable intron. Furthermore, LAT effectively inhibits transactivation of gene expression by infected-cell polypeptide 0 in transient transfection assays.
Determinants of Duration and Mean Rate of Ventricular Ejection (1958)

The independent influences of stroke volume, heart rate, aortic pressure, hypothermia, sympathomimetic amines, metered mitral and aortic valvular regurgitation, and alterations in myocardial contractility on the duration and mean rate of ventricular ejection and filling were studied. These observations were made in a metabolically supported, isolated heart preparation with performance characteristics comparable to the non-isolated heart.