gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrode Polarization Impedance in Weak NaCl Aqueous Solutions (2005)

In this paper, we characterize the polarization impedance behavior of several common metals in diluted NaCl solution operated at low current densities. The objective was to provide a useful reference for those wishing to calculate the electrode polarization impedance in diluted NaCl solutions. Serial equivalent resistance (R) and capacitance (C) for silver, aluminum, gold, platinum, and medical stainless-steel were measured as a function of frequency (10(-2)-10(3) Hz) and NaCl concentration (2.4-77.0 mmol/L). The ratio of electrode polarization impedance with respect to the bulk resistance was calculated and plotted against concentration for each metal. Such a ratio shows the effect of the electrode polarization contribution as a function of electrolyte concentration when the bulk resistance of the solution changes. All metals showed a decrease of serial resistance Rp and capacitance Cp as a function of frequency. The medical stainless-steel electrode showed largest impedance values at lower frequencies compared to the other electrodes, and was concentration independent at all frequencies. Aluminum had smallest polarization impedance at low frequencies. Pure gold and platinum behaved similar with the exception that the serial resistance for gold showed a lower value at higher frequencies.
Natural durability and physical properties of particleboard composed of white cypress pine and radiata pine (1997)

Phenol-formaldehyde-bonded particleboard was manufactured from blends of nondurable radiata pine (P.radiata) and heartwood of the naturally durable species, white cypress pine (C.glaucophylla). Board specimens were subjected to bioassays using two termite species, M.darwiniensis and C.acinaciformis, and the basidiomycete fungi, C.puteana and P.ostreatus, and the durability of specimens was compared with that of commercially manufactured particleboard specimens containing either insecticide or fungicide. Measurements of the physical properties of specimens were also made. The aims were to determine whether the natural durability or physical properties of the boards were modified by the addition of cypress pine and if the durability of boards was comparable to that of boards containing insecticide or fungicide. Particleboard specimens containing cypress pine showed increased durability compared to specimens consisting entirely of radiata pine. There was an inverse relationship between the percentage of cypress pine and mass losses of specimens during the bioassays. Cypress pine specimens, except those consisting entirely of cypress pine, were significantly less resistant to attack by C.acinaciformis than specimens containing insecticide. In contrast, the mass losses of specimens containing 25 percent or more of cypress pine during exposure to M.darwiniensis were not significantly different from those of specimens containing insecticide. Specimens containing 75 percent or more of cypress pine possessed similar decay resistance as specimens containing fungicide. There was an inverse relationship between the percentage of cypress pine and dry modulus of rupture (MOR) and internal bond strength, but specimens containing higher percentages of cypress pine showed less thickness swelling and loss of MOR on immersion in water.
USE OF EXTRACORPOREAL CADAVER PERFUSION FOR PREPARATION OF ORGAN HOMOGRAFTS. (1963)

A practical solution to the problem of cadaver organ procurement and preservation requires provision for immediate cooling and/or perfusion of the potential homograft. In the present study, a simple method is described by which both these objectives are met.
Gingival pigmentation (cause, treatment and histological preview) (2017)

Facial appearance depends on several oral and extraoral factors. The gingiva is an important intraoral tissue which when affected particularly by pigmentation is mainly responsible for the unpleasant appearance. Several causes of gingival pigmentation were previously mentioned in text together with the possible techniques of treatment. In this review, we will focus on this topic with a histological point of view.
Questions concerning the form taken by the charge-density wave and the accompanying periodic-structural distortions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>H</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Se</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and closely related materials (1978)

An attempt has been made to understand the detailed form and phasing taken by the periodic-structural distortions (PSD) as developed in the various ${d}^{1}\ensuremath{-}{d}^{0}$ charge-density-wave (CDW) bearing materials. The diagrammatic mode of presentation which is used facilitates insight into the forces at work at the unit-cell level. In the fully investigated case of the $2H$ structure, with its trigonal prismatically coordinated sandwiches, these are able to modify substantially the simple relationship between PSD and CDW. The proposed phasing of the CDW in the case of $1T\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ ($1T\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$) goes against recent interpretation of the available data, and a revised interpretation of that data is given. The two PSD's reported for Nb${\mathrm{Te}}_{2}$ have for the first time been brought satisfactorily into the present CDW scheme. $3{d}^{1}$ V${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ and $3{d}^{0}$ Ti${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ provide interesting and illuminating contrasts in behavior compared with $5{d}^{1}$ $1T\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$.
Phospholipase Dα3 Is Involved in the Hyperosmotic Response in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2008)

Rapid activation of phospholipase D (PLD), which hydrolyzes membrane lipids to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), occurs under various hyperosmotic conditions, including salinity and water deficiency. The Arabidopsis thaliana PLD family has 12 members, and the function of PLD activation in hyperosmotic stress responses has remained elusive. Here, we show that knockout (KO) and overexpression (OE) of previously uncharacterized PLDalpha3 alter plant response to salinity and water deficit. PLDalpha3 uses multiple phospholipids as substrates with distinguishable preferences, and alterations of PLDalpha3 result in changes in PA level and membrane lipid composition. PLDalpha3-KO plants display increased sensitivities to salinity and water deficiency and also tend to induce abscisic acid-responsive genes more readily than wild-type plants, whereas PLDalpha3-OE plants have decreased sensitivities. In addition, PLDalpha3-KO plants flower later than wild-type plants in slightly dry conditions, whereas PLDalpha3-OE plants flower earlier. These data suggest that PLDalpha3 positively mediates plant responses to hyperosmotic stresses and that increased PLDalpha3 expression and associated lipid changes promote root growth, flowering, and stress avoidance.
Simultaneous optical fibre distributed measurement of pressure and temperature using noise-initiated Brillouin scattering (2000)

The first feasibility for simultaneous independent distributed pressure and temperature measurement in a single optical fibre is shown here using Bnllouin scattering. Pressure coefficients are measured for various fibres and optimised system performances are evaluated.
A self-scanned solid-state image sensor (1967)

An experimental television camera incorporating a completely integrated self-scanned solid-state image sensor has been built. The integrated sensor includes a photosensitive array having 32 400 picture elements, two 180-stage shift register scan generators and associated video coupling transistors. This large-scale integration of more than 100 000 components was carried out in the laboratory entirely by evaporated thin-film techniques. Each element of the photosensitive array comprises one or two photoconductors of CdS or CdS-CASe mixture, each in series with a diode. The 180-stage scan generators utilize 540 CdSe TWF's deposited upon a glass snbstrate. Center-to-center spacing of elements in the array and in the scan generators is 2 mils. The array is scanned at conventional television scan rates permitting the picture to be displayed upon a commercial television receiver. The camera is connected to the receiver either through a cable or through a UHF link with camera and transmitter powered by a self-contained battery. Camera circuits other than the integrated sensor employ conventional transistors and integrated components. Progress toward the development of an improved sensor having more picture elements is outlined.
Innate IFN-γ Is Essential for Programmed Death Ligand-1–Mediated T Cell Stimulation following <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Infection (2012)

Although best characterized for sustaining T cell exhaustion during persistent viral infection, programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) also stimulates the expansion of protective T cells after infection with intracellular bacterial pathogens. Therefore, establishing the molecular signals that control whether PDL-1 stimulates immune suppression or activation is important as immune modulation therapies based on manipulating PDL-1 are being developed. In this study, the requirement for PDL-1 blockade initiated before infection with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes in reducing pathogen-specific T cell expansion is demonstrated. In turn, the role of proinflammatory cytokines triggered early after L. monocytogenes infection in controlling PDL-1-mediated T cell stimulation was investigated using mice with targeted defects in specific cytokines or cytokine receptors. These experiments illustrate an essential role for IL-12 or type I IFNs in PDL-1-mediated expansion of pathogen-specific CD8(+) T cells. Unexpectedly, direct stimulation by neither IL-12 nor type I IFNs on pathogen-specific CD8(+) cells was essential for PDL-1-mediated expansion. Instead, the absence of early innate IFN-γ production in mice with combined defects in both IL-12 and type I IFNR negated the impacts of PDL-1 blockade. In turn, IFN-γ ablation using neutralizing Abs or in mice with targeted defects in IFN-γR each eliminated the PDL-1-mediated stimulatory impacts on pathogen-specific T cell expansion. Thus, innate IFN-γ is essential for PDL-1-mediated T cell stimulation.
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma: Novel Translocations Including Rearrangements of <i>ODZ2, JMJD2C</i>, and <i>CNN3</i> (2008)

Our study expands the knowledge on the genetic heterogeneity of MALT lymphomas.
Fetal Pancreas Transplantation in Miniature Swine: II. Survival of Fetal Pig Pancreas Allografts Cultured at Room Temperature (1989)

Islet-allograft survival has been shown to be markedly prolonged in rodents when donor tissue has been precultured at 24 degrees C. In this study, the feasibility of this approach was tested in NIH minipigs transplanted with fetal pancreases. Collagenase-digested fetal pig pancreatic tissues survived in culture at 24 degrees C for 6-7 days and continued to grow in vitro at 37 degrees C after being transferred. These tissues no longer stimulated allogeneic lymphocytes in vitro, although some tissues cultured at 37 degrees C did. This allogeneic stimulation did not correlate to the number of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-positive cells in stimulator pancreatic cultures. When transplanted into an omentum pouch of normal, nonimmunosuppressed minipigs, fresh fetal pancreatic tissues were rejected within 14 days. Tissues cultured at 24 degrees C grew, and beta-cells proliferated in minipigs treated daily with cyclosporin A (CsA) and azathioprine. Twelve normal minipigs were transplanted with 24 degrees C-cultured fetal pancreases: 8 pigs received no treatment, 2 received 14 mg.kg-1.day-1 CsA for 14 days, and 2 received 6-7 intravenous injections of platelets prepared from pooled farm-pig blood before grafting. Strong lymphocytic infiltration was detected in all grafts removed between 30 and 90 days posttransplantation. However, beta-cells were found on day 45 in one of five minipig pancreas grafts incompatible at the MHC loci and on days 60-90 in all three grafts compatible at MHC but incompatible at minor histocompatibility loci. Short-term CsA treatment did not prolong survival of allografts from farm pigs into minipigs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Relationship between gene duplicability and diversifiability in the topology of biochemical networks (2014)

Thus, a positive correlation exists between gene diversifiability and duplicability in the context of biochemical networks - an improvement of our understanding of gene duplicability.
Automated A/B Testing with Declarative Variability Expressions (2017)

A/B testing is the experiment strategy, which is often used on web or mobile application development. In A/B testing, a developer has to implement multiple variations of application, assign each variation to a subset of the entire user population randomly, and analyze log data to decide which variation should be used as a final product. Therefore, it is challenging to keep the application code clean in A/B testing, because defining variations of software or assigning user to each variation needs the modification of code. In fact there are some existing tools to approach this problem. Considering such a context of A/B testing research, we propose the solution based on the interface Archface-U and AOP (Aspect Oriented Programming) which aims to minimize the complication of code in A/B testing.
Image Color Constancy Using EM and Cached Statistics (2000)

Cached statistics are a means of extending the reach of traditional statistical machine learning algorithms into application areas where computational complexity is a limiting factor. Recent work has shown that cached statistics greatly reduce the computational requirements of building a mixture model of a distribution using Expectation-Maximization for a small trade off in model error. This paper describes a method whereby a mixture model built using cached statistics is used as a means of improving the color normalization performance of two standard color constancy algorithms. Color constancy algorithms factor out illumination effects such that normalized pixel color values become an invariant representation of surface reflectance properties. This can improve the performance of machine vision and image database algorithms which use color as a feature. This processing is also important in digital camera and scanning applications where a preferred rendition of a scene is to be realized independently of the lighting conditions at the time of image capture. The details and experimental evaluation of two modified color constancy algorithms which utilize a parametric mixture model are described.
Mechanistic Studies of the Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic Studies of the Suzuki Cross-Coupling ReactionGeorge B. Smith, George C. Dezeny, David L. Hughes, Anthony O. King, and Thomas R. VerhoevenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 26, 8151–8156Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00105a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00105a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6088Altmetric-Citations231LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficiency of Pumping and Power Generation in Ultrafine Electrokinetic Systems (1965)

In this paper, some of the practical implications of the theory of electrokinetic flow in ultrafine capillaries are examined. It is found that electroosmotic pumping efficiency can exceed mechanical pumping efficiency when the width of capillary elements become small. Computations show that electric power generation with an efficiency of approximately 17 percent may be obtained by pumping water through fine capillary media.
Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Blowing Ratio Parameter on Heat Transfer to a Film-Cooled Flat Plate (1993)

The effects of blowing ratio on film cooling effectiveness were investigated. Two round-nosed test plates were used. One made of aluminum and the second of corian (low thermal conductivity). Injection at 35 degrees in the downstream direction was studied. Helium was mixed with air to produce a density ratio (coolant to mainstream) of 1.6 and 2.0, while the blowing ratio varied from 0.3 to 2.2. Surface temperature was measured by thin film gages located up to a nondimensional downstream distance X/D of 30. Two injection regimes, weak and strong, were found. In the weak regime, film cooling reduced gage heat flux at all thin film gage locations, however, film cooling was more effective for X/ D < 10. In the strong regime, the effectiveness of film cooling for X/D < 10 was greatly reduced. Maximum film cooling effectiveness occurred between the weak and strong regime at a blowing ratio of 1.0. Changing the density ratio from 1.6 to 2.0 varied the measured gage heat flux less than 5 percent. Gage heat flux was correlated by the velocity ratio scaling parameter (X/D)VR to the -4/3 in both injection regimes. Gage heat flux with no film cooling, assuming a turbulence level of 10 percent, deviated less than 8 percent from theoretical results using the corian plate, and less than 10 percent using the aluminum plate.... Film cooling, Heat transfer, Shock tube, Turbulent flow, Density ratio, Blowing ratio, Flat plate, Gas turbine.
Techniques for Inverted Index Compression (2020)

The data structure at the core of large-scale search engines is the inverted index , which is essentially a collection of sorted integer sequences called inverted lists . Because of the many documents indexed by such engines and stringent performance requirements imposed by the heavy load of queries, the inverted index stores billions of integers that must be searched efficiently. In this scenario, index compression is essential because it leads to a better exploitation of the computer memory hierarchy for faster query processing and, at the same time, allows reducing the number of storage machines. The aim of this article is twofold: first, surveying the encoding algorithms suitable for inverted index compression and, second, characterizing the performance of the inverted index through experimentation.
P‐102: Audible OLED Device on Flexible PVDF Substrate with Laser Patterned ITO Electrode (2008)

Abstract For the new combination of audio and display devices on flexible polymer substrate, we present the audible OLED device on piezoelectric polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) with ITO electrode prepared by roll to roll sputter coating and laser ablation pattern technique. Our flexible audible display (FAD) device showed the luminescence as well as the sound generating functions under the structural schematics with two device characteristics sharing the one flexible polymer substrate for the next generation “superposed” electronic devices.
Smad4/DPC4-mediated tumor suppression through suppression of angiogenesis (2000)

Smad4/DPC4 (deleted in pancreatic carcinoma, locus 4) is a tumor suppressor gene lost at high frequency in cancers of the pancreas and other gastrointestinal organs. Smad4 encodes a key intracellular messenger in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling cascade. TGF-beta is a potent inhibitor of the growth of epithelial cells; thus, it has been assumed that loss of Smad4 during tumor progression relieves this inhibition. Herein, we show that restoration of Smad4 to human pancreatic carcinoma cells suppressed tumor formation in vivo, yet it did not restore sensitivity to TGF-beta. Rather, Smad4 restoration influenced angiogenesis, decreasing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and increasing expression of thrombospondin-1. In contrast to the parental cell line and to control transfectants that produced rapidly growing tumors in vivo, Smad4 revertants induced small nonprogressive tumors with reduced vascular density. These data define the control of an angiogenic switch as an alternative, previously unknown mechanism of tumor suppression for Smad4 and identify the angiogenic mediators vascular endothelial growth factor and thrombospondin-1 as key target genes.
Radiological and clinical outcomes of using Chartis™ to plan endobronchial valve treatment (2012)

One-way endobronchial valves (EBVs) have been shown to relieve symptoms of emphysema, particularly in patients without collateral ventilation (CV) between the target and adjacent lobes. In this study, we investigated the ability of the bronchoscopic Chartis™ Pulmonary Assessment System to predict treatment response by determining the presence of CV. 80 EBV patients underwent a pre-treatment Chartis assessment. Before and 30 days after implantation, high-resolution computed tomography scans were taken to determine target lobe volume reduction (TLVR). A pre- to post-treatment reduction of ≥350 mL was defined as significant. In addition, clinical outcomes (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), 6-min walk test and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire) were compared over the same time period. Of the 51 patients classified as having an absence of CV according to their Chartis reading, 36 showed a TLVR ≥350 mL. 29 patients were classified as having CV, and of these 24 did not meet this TLVR cut-off. Chartis showed an accuracy level of 75% in predicting whether or not the TLVR cut-off would be reached. Those predicted to respond showed significantly greater TLVR (p<0.0001) and FEV(1) improvement (p=0.0013) than those predicted not to respond. Chartis is a safe and effective method of predicting response to EBV treatment.