gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite Discrete, Shift-Invariant, Directional Filterbanks for Visual Information Processing, I : Construction (2007)

As is well known in neuroscience, simple cells of the mammalian’s striate cortex possess both orientation and spatial-frequency selectivity, and are similar to the Gabor filters or Gaussian derivative filters in shape. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method of designing perfect reconstruction 2D filterbanks which act on finite dimensional linear spaces consisting of 2D signals of a certain size, and have several analogous features to simple cells: (1) the filterbanks consist of several spatial-frequency channels with orientation selectivity, (2) the filterbanks have shift-invariant multiresolution (multiscale) structures, (3) filters contained in them are FIR, and are similar in appearance to not only Gaussian derivatives of 1st and 2nd order, but also ones of higher order. Moreover, they are constructed by finite linear combinations of separable filters. As is described in the text, by virtue of these properties, our 2D filterbanks can become bases of constructing computational nonlinear models of visual information processing. In this paper we construct the 2D filterbanks, and discuss them from the viewpoint of vision science. For example we disclose a possible role of “Gaussian-derivative-like” filters of higher order in our filterbanks. Practical applications of our 2D filterbanks to vision science and image processing will be given in our subsequent papers.
Streptococcus australis sp. nov., a novel oral streptococcus. (2001)

Strains of streptococci were isolated from the mouths of children attending the United Dental Hospital, Sydney, Australia. These strains were analysed biochemically using the Rapid ID32 Strep microsystem, were subjected to DNA-DNA hybridization with other members of the oral streptococci and had their 165 rRNA analysed. On the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization, their nearest relative was Streptococcus parasanguinis, whereas, on the basis of 16S rRNA analysis, it was Streptococcus infantis. The name Streptococcus australis sp. nov. is proposed for the new species. The type strain is AI-1T (= ATCC 700641T = NCTC 13166T).
A haptic toolkit for the development of immersive and web-enabled games (2006)

The creation of applications of Virtual Reality enabled with Haptic interaction and dynamic simulation requires usually to cover many implementation details that increase the development time and the effectiveness of the application itself. This work presents one game application that has been developed using a Haptic toolkit for the rapid application development, that integrates 3D graphics,haptic feedback and dynamic simulation.The resulting application can be easily deployed on the Web directly to the final user.
ν(C-F) in some organosilicon compounds (1980)

IR absorption spectra of compounds of the type (CH 3 ) 3 MCH 2 F (M = C, Si), (CH 3 ) 3 MCH 2 Cl (M = C, Si, Ge, Sn), (CH 3 ) 3 SiCH 2 X (X = Br, I), (CH 3 ) 3 Si(CH 2 ) 2 Cl, Cl 3 Si(CH 2 ) 2 X (X = F, Cl) and (CH 3 ) 3 Si(CH 2 ) 3 X (X = F, Cl) have been measured and interpreted.. Solvent effects on ν(C-F) around 1 000 cm -1 have been investigated.
Throughput performances of SR ARQ with modulo operation using data field in mobile environment (2002)

This paper proposes a modified selective repeat automatic repeat request (SR ARQ) scheme, SR ARQ with modulo operation using data fields (MODS ARQ), and evaluates the throughput performance of the MODS ARQ protocol in a mobile environment by computer simulation (Rayleigh fading with multipath channel delay spread and Rician fading are assumed as propagation models). The throughput efficiency using the MODS ARQ protocol is 9% higher than that with the conventional SR+GBN (selective repeat plus go-back-N) ARQ protocol, 18% higher than that using the SR+ST (selective repeat plus stutter) ARQ protocol at a BER of 10/sup -2/. The proposed MODS ARQ is a very effective error control scheme for achieving a mobile data communication infrastructure.
A simple model framework for the prediction of controlled release from bulk eroding polymer matrices (2008)

A broadly applicable model for predicting controlled release could eliminate the need for exploratory, in vitro experiments during the design of new biodegradable matrix-based therapeutics. We have developed a simple mathematical model that can predict the release of many different types of agents from bulk eroding polymer matrices without regression. New methods for deterministically calculating the magnitude of the initial burst and the duration of the lag phase (time before Fickian release) were developed to enable the model's broad applicability. To complete the model's development, such that predictions can be made from easily measured or commonly known parameters, two correlations were developed by fitting the fundamental equations to published controlled release data. To test the model, predictions were made for several different biodegradable matrix systems. In addition, varying the readily attainable parameters over rational bounds shows that the model predicts a wide range of therapeutically relevant release behaviors.
First demonstration of native Ethernet optical transport system prototype at 10 Gb/s based on multiplexing of gigabit Ethernet signals (2000)

The first system to transport native Ethernet data at a serial rate of 10 Gb/s is reported. Up to 8 asynchronous gigabit Ethernet signals are multiplexed to 10 Gb/s and directly modulate a Fabry-Perot laser at 1310 nm for 2-8 km transport over standard single-mode fiber bidirectional full-duplex communication between individual gigabit Ethernet hosts is demonstrated. System operation is entirely based on the physical layer signaling standards for gigabit Ethernet. Solutions to unique Ethernet synchronization and control problems are presented, and novel differences between multiplexed 8b/10b data and pseudorandom bit sequences are shown. Optical link performance and packet loss rates are presented.
An Analog/Digital Integrated Circuit Interface for Automotive Sensors (1976)

A unique and very versatile circuit is described which converts changes in physical parameters such as capacitance, resistance, and inductance into a proportional pulse width modulated digital signal. This circuit, in combination with sensors which utilize these physical parameters in their operation, can be used to provide digital inputs to microprocessors and other digital control and diagnostic systems. Advantages of this particular circuit are its potential for high reliability, accuracy, and low cost. Several applications are described and an integrated circuit version of the circuit is discussed.
Viral non-coding RNA inhibits HNF4α expression in HCV associated hepatocellular carcinoma (2015)

We show depletion of HNF4α in liver tumors of HCV-infected humanized mice by HCV derived small non-coding RNA (vmr11) and resultant induction of EMT genes, which are critical determinants of tumor progression. These results suggest a direct viral role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Expression and Anticoagulant Activity Analysis of Trx-NAPc2 Fusion Protein (2007)

Objective:To express thioredoxin(Trx)-nematode anticoagulant protein c2(NAPc2)fusion protein in Escherichia coli,and to investigate its anticoagulant activity.Methods:PCR products of NAPc2 gene digested by BamHⅠand HindⅢ was ligated into pET32a vector,and the recombinant plasmid of pET-32a/NAPc2 was transferred into E.coli BL21(DE3).The expressed Trx-NAPc2 fusion protein induced by IPTG and lactose respectively was purified with His-bind affinity chromatography,and its anticoagulant activity was detected by activated partial thromboblastin time(aPTT)and prothrombin time(PT)assay in vitro.Results:The Trx-NAPc2 fusion protein was expressed and existed mostly as soluble form.The purfied fusion protein showed effectively anticoagulant activity in vitro.Conclusion:Trx-NAPc2 fusion protein was expressed in E.coli with high efficiency,and it have effectively bioactivity.
Antibody-based exosite inhibitors of ADAMTS-5 (aggrecanase-2) (2015)

Adamalysin-like metalloproteinases with thrombospondin (TS) motifs (ADAMTS)-5 is the multi-domain metalloproteinase that most potently degrades aggrecan proteoglycan in the cartilage and its activity is implicated in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). To generate specific exosite inhibitors for it, we screened a phage display antibody library in the presence of the zinc-chelating active site-directed inhibitor GM6001 (Ilomastat) and isolated four highly selective inhibitory antibodies. Two antibodies were mapped to react with exosites in the catalytic/disintegrin domains (Cat/Dis) of the enzyme, one in the TS domain and one in the spacer domain (Sp). The antibody reacting with the Sp blocked the enzyme action only when aggrecan or the Escherichia coli-expressed aggrecan core protein were substrates, but not against a peptide substrate. The study with this antibody revealed the importance of the Sp for effective aggrecanolytic activity of ADAMTS-5 and that this domain does not interact with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) but with the protein moiety of the proteoglycan. An antibody directed against the Cat/Dis of ADAMTS-5 was effective in a cell-based model of aggrecan degradation; however, the anti-Sp antibody was ineffective. Western blot analysis of endogenous ADAMTS-5 expressed by human chondrocytes showed the presence largely of truncated forms of ADAMTS-5, thus explaining the lack of efficacy of the anti-Sp antibody. The possibility of ADAMTS-5 truncation must then be taken into account when considering developing anti-ancillary domain antibodies for therapeutic purposes.
Efficient IP-address lookup with a shared forwarding table for multiple virtual routers (2008)

Virtual routers are a promising way to provide network services such as customer-specific routing, policy-based routing, multi-topology routing, and network virtulization. However, the need to support a separate forwarding information base (FIB) for each virtual router leads to memory scaling challenges. In this paper, we present a small, shared data structure and a fast lookup algorithm that capitalize on the commonality of IP prefixes between each FIB. Experiments with real packet traces and routing tables show that our approach achieves much lower memory requirements and considerably faster lookup times. Our prototype implementation in the Click modular router, running both in user space and in the Linux kernel, demonstrates that our data structure and algorithm are an interesting solution for building scalable routers that support virtualization.
Using Nanoscale Domain Size To Control Charge Storage Kinetics in Pseudocapacitive Nanoporous LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Powders (2017)

Pseudocapacitive materials can produce charge storage devices that have both high energy and power density. Although many pseudocapacitive anode materials have been identified, there is a lack of equivalently fast charging cathode materials necessary to create full-cell devices. Recently, thin-film studies from our group have identified nanoporous LiMn2O4 with ∼15 nm domains as a pseudocapacitive cathode material. In this work, we use this insight to create nanoporous LiMn2O4 powders that can be used in practical, slurry-type thick electrode systems. Using these materials, we specifically examine the role of crystalline domain size in controlling charge storage kinetics. Four nanoporous LiMn2O4 powders were synthesized with crystallite sizes of 10, 20, 40, and 70 nm, and their charge/discharge kinetics were studied. Smaller crystallite sizes showed lower capacity but faster charge/discharge speeds, longer cycle life, and higher capacitive contribution based on kinetic analysis, whereas larger crystallite sizes showed the opposite trend. Importantly, there appeared to be a critical size above which the charge/discharge kinetics and cycle life deteriorated significantly; materials with domain sizes just below this critical size showed the best combination of electrochemical performance characteristics.
Metabolic engineering of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii yields increased hydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass (2013)

Deletion of ldh in C. bescii is the first use of recently developed genetic methods for metabolic engineering of these bacteria. This deletion resulted in a redirection of electron flow from production of lactate to acetate and hydrogen. New capabilities in metabolic engineering combined with intrinsic utilization of lignocellulosic materials position these organisms to provide a new paradigm for consolidated bioprocessing of fuels and other products from biomass.
EVALUATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE TRAUMA PATIENT (1975)

Recognition of injury to the central nervous system (CNS) is not usually difficult in the acutely traumatized patient. However, evaluation of the extent of the injury may present a clinical challenge and may determine the final outcome of the case. In the first “golden moments” when every move is important and every mistake may be catastrophic, the clinician must carefully assess the neurologic damage and proceed accordingly.
White Matter Hyperintensity as a Factor Associated with Delayed Mood Disorders in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke (2011)

In conclusions, the results of our study demonstrated that delayed depression and anxiety after ischemic stroke were related to the severity of DWMH and unfavorable outcomes at 3 months, regardless of anti-anxiety treatment. Our results suggested that WMH might be associated with pathomechanism of delayed depression and anxiety.
A New Approach to the High Resolution Electrodeposition of Metals via the Feedback Mode of the Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (1990)

Gold and palladium electrodeposition in polymer films immersed in solution with high resolution has been accomplished using the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The SECM was used in the feedback mode, where hexaamminoruthenium(III),, was reduced at an ultramicroelectrode (UME) and diffused to a protonated polyvinyl pyridine‐coated surface. When metal anions, e.g., or , were incorporated in the polymeric matrix, the diffusion of reduced mediator, , from the UME to the polymer film resulted in metal deposition. The different factors that determine the size and pattern of deposited metal were examined. The difference between gold and palladium deposition was studied by several techniques and interpreted in terms of kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the mediator and the metal complex.
Localization of Sepiapterin Reductase in Pigment Cells of <i>Oryzias latipes</i> (2003)

Body colors of poikilothermal vertebrates are derived from three distinct types of pigment cells, melanophores, erythro/xanthophores and irido/leucophores. It is well known that melanin in melanophores is synthesized by tyrosinase within a specific organelle termed the melanosome. Although sepiapterin reductase (SPR) is an important enzyme involved in metabolizing biopterin and sepiapterin (a conspicuous pteridine as a coloring pigment in xanthophores) the distribution of SPR has not been shown in pigment cells. An antibody raised in rabbits against rat SPR was used to demonstrate the presence of SPR in pigment cells of Oryzias latipes. This study, which used immunohistochemistry with fluorescence or peroxidase/diaminobenzidine as markers, revealed that SPR could be detected readily in xanthophores, but only faintly in melanophores. These results suggest that sepiapterin is metabolized within xanthophores. Moreover, these experiments show that a protein sharing immunological cross-reactivity with rat SPR is located in teleost O. latipes xanthophores, which is significant considering the relationship of pteridine metabolism between poikilothermal vertebrates and mammals. Further progress in investigations of the roles of pteridines in vertebrates will be promoted by using these fish which can be bred in mass rather easily in the laboratory.
Stereoselective UV Sensing of 1,2-Diaminocyclohexane Isomers Based on Ligand Displacement with a Diacridylnaphthalene <i>N,N′</i>-Dioxide Scandium Complex (2012)

Stereoselective displacement of diacridylnaphthalene N,N'-dioxide ligands, 1, from a scandium(III) complex can be used for quantitative detection of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane isomers. The diastereoselective sensing assay with Sc(syn-1)(2) shows excellent linearity between the sample de and the measured UV absorption change, and sensing of mixtures comprising both low and high de values gave results within 5% accuracy. All three stereoisomers of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane can be differentiated using Sc[anti-(-)-1](2) in the same ligand displacement assay.
Infants' responses to mothers' imitative behaviors (1985)

Several investigators have suggested that young infants' smiles and vocalizations following their mothers' imitative behaviors might reflect infant recognition that the mother's behavior is imitative or at least contingent. This study investigated whether infants smile and vocalize more frequently subsequent to maternal imitative than non-imitative behavior during both spontaneous and imitative face-to-face interactions. Fourteen 3 1/2-month-old infants and their mothers were videotaped in these two face-to-face interaction situations. The infants vocalized more frequently during the imitative situation and infant vocalizations plus simultaneous smiling, and vocalizations occurred more often following maternal imitative than non-imitative behavior. Although these data suggest that infant vocalizations and simultaneous smiles and vocalizations may reflect the infants' recognition of maternal imitative behavior, they do not establish definitively that it is the imitation per se vs. the contingency aspect that is recognized by the infant.
Detection of expiratory flow limitation in COPD using the forced oscillation technique (2004)

Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during tidal breathing is a major determinant of dynamic hyperinflation and exercise limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Current methods of detecting this are either invasive or unsuited to following changes breath-by-breath. It was hypothesised that tidal flow limitation would substantially reduce the total respiratory system reactance (Xrs) during expiration, and that this reduction could be used to reliably detect if EFL was present. To test this, 5-Hz forced oscillations were applied at the mouth in seven healthy subjects and 15 COPD patients (mean +/- sD forced expiratory volume in one second was 36.8 +/- 11.5% predicted) during quiet breathing. COPD breaths were analysed (n=206) and classified as flow-limited if flow decreased as alveolar pressure increased, indeterminate if flow decreased at constant alveolar pressure, or nonflow-limited. Of these, 85 breaths were flow-limited, 80 were not and 41 were indeterminate. Among other indices, mean inspiratory minus mean expiratory Xrs (deltaXrs) and minimum expiratory Xrs (Xexp,min) identified flow-limited breaths with 100% specificity and sensitivity using a threshold between 2.53-3.12 cmH2O x s x L(-1) (deltaXrs) and -7.38- -6.76 cmH2O x s x L(-1) (Xexp,min) representing 6.0% and 3.9% of the total range of values respectively. No flow-limited breaths were seen in the normal subjects by either method. Within-breath respiratory system reactance provides an accurate, reliable and noninvasive technique to detect expiratory flow limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A fast algorithm for the decoding of binary BCH codes (2002)

It is shown how to determine the error locator polynomial of a primitive, binary t-error correcting BCH code directly. Towards this end the set of t syndrome polynomial equations is transformed into an equivalent set of equations, by making use of the Buchberger (1985) algorithm for polynomial reduction. This results in the so-called reduced Grobner basis for a set of polynomial equations, and allows the direct solution of the error locator polynomial. For small number of errors this leads to a substantial reduction in decoding complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thoracic spiral CT: delivery of contrast material pushed with injectable saline solution in a power injector. (1997)

A method of power injection of contrast material pushed with injectable saline solution during thoracic computed tomography (CT) was evaluated in 75 patients to help decrease the amount of contrast material necessary. Patients received 50-125 mL of 60% nonionic contrast material alone or pushed with 50 mL of saline. A volume of 75 mL of contrast material pushed with saline provided enhancement of the thoracic vasculature equal to that provided by a 125-mL volume of contrast material administered alone (P < .001) and caused significantly less beam-hardening artifact (P < .01).
Implications of using the fluorescent probes, dihydrorhodamine 123 and 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, for the detection of UVA-induced reactive oxygen species (2010)

During investigation of UVA-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes with dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR123) and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), exaggerated baseline values were observed within control samples, suggesting a mechanism of probe oxidation and subsequent change in fluorescence intensity (FI) independent of cellular ROS generation. The effects of diluent, UVA pre-treatment and loading protocols upon the FI of the probes have therefore been investigated. The study confirmed the capacity of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) to confer fluorescence intensity changes in both probes, most notably DCF-DA. In addition, UVA pre-treatment compromises the effectiveness of DHR123 and DCF-DA to detect ROS generated in a cell-free system. In vitro data shows a greater UVA-induced FI increase in HaCaT cells loaded with probe before rather than after UVA treatment. This study has important implications for future research, the understanding of previous studies and associated confounding effects using DHR123 and DCF-DA as ROS sensitive probes.
Levodopa-related wearing-off in Parkinson's disease: identification and management (2009)

Current evidence indicates that a consistent delivery of levodopa should improve long-term symptomatic efficacy and may prevent or delay motor complications. A number of therapeutic options are available to optimize therapeutic outcome, including modification of the levodopa dose or dosing schedule,switching to another levodopa formulation and the use of adjunct therapies, such as catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors, dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors. The management of wearing-off is dependent upon the early identification of symptoms and the initiation of effective treatment. Key issues are the need to educate patients and to facilitate good communication with both primary and secondary healthcare professionals. In most cases, patients with PD initially present to primary healthcare professionals who may refer the patient to a neurologist once disease management becomes more complex. However, in many cases, especially in rural areas where neurologists may not be widely available, the primary healthcare professionals may manage the patient throughout the disease course. Limitations of this review include the restricted search criteria and selected search period.