gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress in polyimide coatings (1994)

Abstract The effect of film thickness on in‐plane molecular orientation and stress in polyimide films prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride with 4,4′‐oxydianline was investigated using a prism coupling technique to measure the refractive index. Film thickness was controlled by varying both solution concentration and spinning conditions. Birefringence, the difference between the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane refractive indices, was used to characterize the in‐plane molecular orientation. The observed birefringence is a combination of the birefringence resulting from molecular orientation and the birefringence induced by the residual stress present in the films. The birefringence decreases with increasing film thickness over the range of thicknesses studied (3–20 μm) indicating that the molecular orientation decreases with increasing film thickness. The in‐plane coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE), controlled by the level of orientation in the film, increases from 18 to 32 × 10 −6 /°C over the same thickness range. The birefringence of free‐standing films was lower than that of adhered films due to the release of residual stress in the film once the film is removed from the substrate. The residual film stress arises primarily from the mismatch in CTEs between the polyimide film and the substrate to which the film is adhered. Thus, since the film anisotropy decreases with increasing thickness, the film stress increases with increasing thickness. Residual stress calculated by integrating the product of the film modulus and the CTE mismatch assuming temperature‐dependent properties is comparable to experimentally measured film stress. Ignoring the temperature dependence of the film properties leads to an overestimation of stress. Moisture uptake was used to study the stress dependence of the optical properties. Moisture uptake increases both the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane refractive indices by equal amounts in free‐standing films due to an isotropic increase in the polarizability. In adhered films, an increase in moisture uptake leads to a decrease in the birefringence due to a swelling‐induced decrease in the residual film stress. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Study and development of a portable telemetric intracranial pressure measurement unit (2002)

The measurement of intracranial pressure has become very popular, largely due to the increase in available microsystem components. This article shows how a fully implantable stand-by device for measuring intracranial pressure and temperature under normal conditions can be implemented, consisting of a sensor element combined with a transcutaneous telemetric interface. One of the main points is automatic event recognition, used as a switch between the sampling rates in order to capture special signal components in an emergency situation. Therefore, signal processing and waveform analysis is exigent, first to control the measured signal online on the portable unit, and second to process the data offline on the stationary unit. In relation to other medical fields, the neurosurgical market may be small, but this new measuring system is of great benefit for patients with, for example, chronic hydrocephalus, and could also be implemented in fields where disposable telemetric sensors are needed.
Continuous operation of a one-way quantum key distribution system over installed telecom fibre (2005)

We demonstrate a robust, compact and automated quantum key distribution system, based upon a one-way Mach-Zender interferometer, which is actively compensated for temporal drifts in the photon phase and polarization. The system gives a superior performance to passive compensation schemes with an average quantum bit error rate of 0.87% and a duty cycle of 99.6% for a continuous quantum key distribution session of 19 hours over a 20.3km installed telecom fibre. The results suggest that actively compensated QKD systems are suitable for practical applications.
Direct modulation of calmodulin targets by the neuronal calcium sensor NCS-1. (1996)

Ca2+ and its ubiquitous intracellular receptor calmodulin (CaM) are required in the nervous system, among a host of cellular responses, for the modulation of several important enzymes and ion channels involved in synaptic efficacy and neuronal plasticity. Here, we report that CaM can be replaced by the neuronal calcium sensor NCS-1 both in vitro and in vivo. NCS-1 is a calcium binding protein with two Ca(2+)-binding domains that shares only 21% of homology with CaM. We observe that NCS-1 directly activates two Ca2+/CaM-dependent enzymes (3':5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and protein phosphatase calcineurin). Co-activation of nitric oxide synthase by NCS-1 and CaM results in a higher activity than with CaM alone. Moreover, NCS-1 is coexpressed with calcineurin and nitric oxide synthase in several neuron populations. Finally, injections of NCS-1 into calmodulin-defective cam1 Paramecium partially restore wildtype behavioral responses. With this highly purified preparation of NCS-1, we have obtained crystals suitable for crystallographic structure studies. NCS-1, despite its very different structure, distribution, and Ca(2+)-binding affinity as compared with CaM, can substitute for or potentiate CaM functions. Therefore, NCS-1 represents a novel protein capable of mediating multiple Ca(2+)-signaling pathways in the nervous system.
AlGaN/GaN double-channel HEMT (2010)

The fabrication of AlGaN/GaN double-channel high electron mobility transistors on sapphire substrates is reported. Two carrier channels are formed in an AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN/GaN multilayer structure. The DC performance of the resulting double-channel HEMT shows a wider high transconductance region compared with single-channel HEMT. Simulations provide an explanation for the influence of the double-channel on the high transconductance region. The buffer trap is suggested to be related to the wide region of high transconductance. The RF characteristics are also studied.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Bi- and Tricyclic <font>α</font> -Amino Acids (2011)

As part of a medicinal chemistry collaboration, a number of novel bi- and tricyclic α-amino acids were prepared through various routes and characterized by 1H nuclear Overhauser effect difference experiments. The syntheses provide a number of routes to access some highly substituted amino acid derivatives that have not been reported previously. It is envisaged that the chemistry described here could be applied to the synthesis of other unique substrates. Keywords: Bicyclic amino acidsproline analogstricyclic amino acidsunnatural amino acids
<title>Chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) technology and development</title> (2004)

In the late 1960's researchers realized that producing a population inversion in a moving medium could be used to generate high-energy laser beams. The first lasers to scale to the 10 kW size with good beam quality were supersonic flows of N2 - CO2, emitting radiation from the CO2 at 10.6 microns. In the 1970's gas dynamic CO2 lasers were scaled to hundreds of kilowatts and engineered into a KC-135 aircraft. This aircraft (The Airborne Laser Laboratory) was used to shoot down Sidewinder AIM-9B missiles in the early 1980’s. During this same time period (1970-1990) hydrogen fluoride and deuterium fluoride lasers were scaled to the MW scale in ground-based facilities. In 1978, the Iodine laser was invented at the Air Force Research Laboratory and scaled to the 100 kW level by the early 1990’s. Since the 60s, the DOD Chemical Laser development efforts have included CO2, CO, DF, HF, and Iodine. Currently, the DOD is developing DF, HF, and Iodine lasers, since CO2 and CO have wavelengths and diffraction limitations which make them less attractive for high energy weapons applications. The current military vision is to use chemical lasers to prove the principles and field ground and air mounted laser systems while attempting to develop weight efficient solid-state lasers at the high power levels for use in future Strategic and Tactical situations. This paper describes the evolution of Chemical Oxygen Iodine Lasers, their selection for use in the Airborne Laser (ABL), and the Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL). COIL was selected for these early applications because of its power scalability, its short wavelength, its atmospheric transmittance, and its excellent beam quality. The advantages and challenges are described, as well as some of the activities to improve magazine depth and logistics supportability. COIL lasers are also potentially applicable to mobile ground based applications, and future space based applications, but challenges exist. In addition, COIL is being considered for civil commercial applications in the US and overseas.
The Characterization of Soluble Matrix Proteins in Selected Human Renal Calculi Using Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (1990)

In the current study a novel method of matrix extraction was utilized to permit the analysis of soluble matrix proteins of different types of kidney stones by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed on each soluble matrix protein sample resulting in a characteristic "map" of spots for each stone. The soluble matrix protein "map" was complex yet reproducible for each sample studied. The soluble matrix protein maps resembled urinary protein maps and stones of different crystalline content had significantly different matrix protein maps. The two-dimensional electrophoretic maps of matrix proteins extracted from calcium oxalate and uric acid calculi were similar to previously published two-dimensional electrophoretic maps of urinary proteins recovered from calcium oxalate and uric acid crystals. The majority of the protein maps were noteworthy for the presence of a low molecular weight pattern (MW less than 17,500 dalton) not seen in association with normal urinary protein maps. The significance of this pattern is not known but could be the result of degradation of larger proteins, evidence of renal tubular disease, or evidence of selective incorporation of low molecular weight proteins during stone formation.
Myogenic stem cells. (2009)

Both skeletal muscle and bone marrow tissue contain myogenic stem cells. The population residing in muscles is heterogenic. Predominant in number are "typical" satellite cells - muscle progenitors migrating from somites during embryonic life. Another population is group of multipotent muscle stem cells which, at least in part, are derived from bone marrow. These cells are tracked by gradient of growth factors releasing from muscle during injury or exercise. Recruited bone marrow-derived cells gradually change their phenotype becoming muscle stem cells and eventually can attain satellite cell position and express Pax7 protein. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated directly from bone marrow also display myogenic potential, although methods of induction of myogenic differentiation in vitro have not been optimized yet. Concerning efforts of exploiting myogenic stem cells in cell-mediated therapies it is important to understand the cause of impaired regenerative potential of aged muscle. Up to now, most of research data suggest that majority of age related changes in skeletal muscles are reversible, thus depending on extrinsic factors. However, irreversible intrinsic features of muscle stem cells are also taken into consideration.
Synthesis and biological properties of DNA-sugar conjugates (2001)

In order to improve the pharmacological properties of antisense and antigene oligonucleotides, oligodeoxynucleotides conjugated with amino sugars at the 5'-terminus were synthesized by solid phase fragment condensation (SPFC) method. The obtained DNA-sugar conjugates were evaluated in their chemical and biological activities to show that 5'-end modification of oligonucleotides with sugars enhanced the thermal stability of the hybrid duplex with complementary DNA, the resistance against nuclease digestion and the membrane permeability of the conjugates.
Experimental Demonstration of an Oscillator Stabilized Josephson Flux Qubit (2006)

We experimentally demonstrate the use of a superconducting transmission line, shorted at both ends, to stabilize the operation of a tunable flux qubit. Using harmonic-oscillator stabilization and pulsed dc operation, we have observed Larmor oscillations with a single shot visibility of 90%. In another qubit, the visibility was 60% and there was no measurable visibility reduction after 35 ns.
Noise adding radiometer performance analysis (1980)

The DSN noise adding radiometer (NAR) measurement accuracy is analyzed. The NAR capability is part of the precision power monitor function recently introduced in the DSN. The potential system noise temperature measurement accuracy is estimated to be about 1.5% with the 1 kelvin noise diode. Performance verification requires comparison noise temperature measurements with the manual Y factor method and routine monitoring of critical elements in the NAR system such as system linearity and noise diode calibration. A technique is presented to calibrate and reduce the effects of the receiving system nonlinearity. Unsatisfactory performance or degradation of these critical NAR elements would require appropriate system upgrading.
Bacterial genotoxin colibactin promotes colon tumour growth by inducing a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (2014)

These data reveal a new paradigm for carcinogenesis, in which colibactin-induced senescence has an important role.
An object oriented dynamic simulation architecture for rapid spacecraft prototyping (2002)

This paper describes the object oriented simulation architecture for rapid spacecraft prototyping. The design of this spacecraft dynamic simulator architecture incorporates a uniquely designed C++ virtual database class with linked and embedded classes for the environment, spacecraft (including dynamics), sensors, actuators, time, automated procedures, visualization windows and communication sockets for distributed processing. This architecture provides the foundation for prototyping spacecraft without the need for re-compiling for each variation of the spacecraft design mission. This architecture lends itself to both real-time and non real-time simulations where it may be used in the (1) attitude determination and control system (ADACS) design process; (2) flight software unit testing; (3) flight software/hardware-in-the-loop real-time integration & test; (4) ground control system for mission planning and checkout; (5) post flight anomaly investigation. The heritage for the simulation models is the GSFC hybrid dynamic simulator which was converted to C++ object oriented code. The significant features are: (1) the virtual database; (2) autonomous state integration; (3) transformation engine; (4) scripting Language; (5) C-code generation.
A proposed encyclopedia of chemical reactions (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA proposed encyclopedia of chemical reactionsC. A. Jacobson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1933, 10, 10, 614Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1933Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1933Published inissue 1 October 1933https://doi.org/10.1021/ed010p614RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
High-Speed Binary Adder (1981)

Based on the bit pair (a <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> , b <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> ) truth table, the carry propagate p <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> and carry generate g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> have dominated the carry-look-ahead formation process for more than two decades. This paper presents a new scheme in which the new carry propagation is examined by including the neighboring pairs (a <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> , b <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> ; a <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i+1</inf> , b <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i+1</inf> ). This schem e not only reduces the component count in design, but also requires fewer logic levels in adder implementation. In addition, this new algorithm offers an astonishingly uniform loading in fan-in and fan-out nesting.
Risk Prediction Models for Hospital Readmission (2011)

Most current readmission risk prediction models that were designed for either comparative or clinical purposes perform poorly. Although in certain settings such models may prove useful, efforts to improve their performance are needed as use becomes more widespread.
Dynamic Clustering for Information Retrieval from Big Data Depending on Compressed Files (2016)

The rapid growth in the database data led to origination a large amount of data. So, it is still a big problem to access this data for answering user queries. In this paper a novel approach for aggregating the required data was proposed, this approach called dynamic clustering. Also, several retrieval methods were used for retrieving purposes. The dynamic clustering method is built clusters according to the user entries (queries). It has been applied to different compressed database files in different size and using different queries. The compressed database file it is resulted from applying ICM (Ideal Compression Method) and best compressed algorithm(improved k-mean, k-mean with medium probability and k-mean with maximum gain ratio).The retrieval methods applied to original database file, compressed file and the cluster that result from implementing dynamic clustering algorithm and the results was compared.
System Co-Design and Co-Analysis Approach to Implementing the XDR Memory System of the Cell Broadband Engine Processor; Realizing 3.2 Gbps Data Rate per Memory Lane in Low Cost, High Volume Production (2007)

This paper describes the design and analysis of the 3.2 Gbps XDRtrade memory system of the Cell Broadband Enginetrade (Cell BE) processor developed by Sony Corporation, Sony Computer Entertainment, Toshiba and IBM. A system co-design and co-analysis approach was applied where different components of the system are designed and analyzed simultaneously to allow trade-offs to be made to optimize system electrical characteristics at low overall system cost. The XDR memory interface circuit implemented in the Cell BE processor, the power delivery system design and analysis, and the interface statistical signal integrity analysis will be described to illustrate this design and analysis approach.
Polymeric Phthalocyanines<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymeric Phthalocyanines1C. S. Marvel and John H. RassweilerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 5, 1197–1199Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01538a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views443Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (363 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
B. Meissner-K. Oberhuber, Die Keil- SChrift. (1968)

Lambert Maurice. B. Meissner-K. Oberhuber, Die Keil- SChrift.. In: Syria. Tome 45 fascicule 3-4, 1968. pp. 410-411.
Image filtering as an alternative to the application of a different reconstruction kernel in CT imaging: Feasibility study in lung cancer screening (2011)

The proposed method has good performance and is clinically feasible in lung cancer screening. This method can be applied to images reconstructed on any scanner by measuring the PSFs in each system.
Collective Cognition in Humans: Groups Outperform Their Best Members in a Sentence Reconstruction Task (2013)

Group-living is widespread among animals and one of the major advantages of group-living is the ability of groups to solve cognitive problems that exceed individual ability. Humans also make use of collective cognition and have simultaneously developed a highly complex language to exchange information. Here we investigated collective cognition of human groups regarding language use in a realistic situation. Individuals listened to a public announcement and had to reconstruct the sentence alone or in groups. This situation is often encountered by humans, for instance at train stations or airports. Using recent developments in machine speech recognition, we analysed how well individuals and groups reconstructed the sentences from a syntactic (i.e., the number of errors) and semantic (i.e., the quality of the retrieved information) perspective. We show that groups perform better both on a syntactic and semantic level than even their best members. Groups made fewer errors and were able to retrieve more information when reconstructing the sentences, outcompeting even their best group members. Our study takes collective cognition studies to the more complex level of language use in humans.
Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of [(C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Sm]<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>Ph<sub>2</sub>, a samarium η<sup>2</sup>-complex derived from an alkyne (1987)

(CMe)Sm(thf)(thf = tetrahydrofuran) reacts with PhC [[triple bond, length half m-dash]] CC [[triple bond, length half m-dash]] CPh to form [(CMe)Sm]CPh which is found by -ray crystallography to have η-co-ordination of Sm to the carbon–carbon multiple bonds.