gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelet based motion artifact removal for ECG signals (2012)

Motion artifact noise in ECG processing is difficult to remove since its spectrum is known to overlap the ECG signal spectrum. The combination of wavelet based denoising and high-pass/low-pass filtering is presented and shown to provide good motion artifact noise removal capabilities. The relative performance of the new technique is demonstrated using ECGs from the MIT-BIH ECG database.
Anandamide and analogous endocannabinoids: a lipid self-assembly study (2011)

Anandamide, the endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors, has been widely studied for its interesting biological and medicinal properties and is recognized as a highly significant lipid signaling molecule within the nervous system. Few studies have, however, examined the effect of the physical conformation of anandamide on its function. The study presented herein has focused on characterizing the self-assembly behaviour of anandamide and four other endocannabinoid analogues of anandamide, viz., 2-arachidonyl glycerol, arachidonyl dopamine, 2-arachidonyl glycerol ether (noladin ether), and o-arachidonyl ethanolamide (virodhamine). Molecular modeling of the five endocannabinoid lipids indicates that the highly unsaturated arachidonyl chain has a preference for a U or J shaped conformation. Thermal phase studies of the neat amphiphiles showed that a glass transition was observed for all of the endocannabinoids at ∼ −110 °C with the exception of anandamide, with a second glass transition occurring for 2-arachidonyl glycerol, 2-arachidonyl glycerol ether, and virodhamine (−86 °C, −95 °C, −46 °C respectively). Both anandamide and arachidonyl dopamine displayed a crystal-isotropic melting point (−4.8 and −20.4 °C respectively), while a liquid crystal-isotropic melting transition was seen for 2-arachidonyl glycerol (−40.7 °C) and 2-arachidonyl glycerol ether (−71.2 °C). No additional transitions were observed for virodhamine. Small angle X-ray scattering and cross polarized optical microscopy studies as a function of temperature indicated that in the presence of excess water, both 2-arachidonyl glycerol and anandamide form co-existing QIIG (gyroid) and QIID (diamond) bicontinuous cubic phases from 0 °C to ∼20 °C, which are kinetically stable over a period of weeks but may not represent true thermodynamic equilibrium. Similarly, 2-arachidonyl glycerol ether acquired an inverse hexagonal (HII) phase in excess water from 0 °C to 40 °C, while virodhamine and arachidonyl dopamine exist as an isotropic L2 phase, even at very low temperatures. Due to their preferential conformation and lipid self-assembly behaviour, all five endocannabinoids constitute high curvature lipids that can impart membrane stress within a cell membrane which has been linked to a number of membrane and membrane protein associated processes.
Synthesis and Properties of Phosphinic and Phosphonic Acid Anhydrides<sup>*</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Properties of Phosphinic and Phosphonic Acid Anhydrides*Kurt MoedritzerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 21, 4381–4384Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01482a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01482a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views900Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multicompartment Theranostic Nanoemulsions Stabilized by a Triphilic Semifluorinated Block Copolymer (2017)

The presence of a perfluorocarbon block in a multiblock polymer has been shown to be an additional driving force toward nanoparticle assembly. In the preparation of nanoemulsions, this perfluorocarbon block also provides enhanced particle stability. Herein, the synthesis of a new triphilic, semifluorinated copolymer, M2F8H18, is introduced. This ABC type block copolymer can be used to formulate extremely stable nanoemulsions, assembled around a lipophilic droplet, with lifetimes of one year or more. The central oil droplet can stably solubilize high concentrations of hydrophobic drugs, making this system an ideal drug delivery vehicle. The incorporation of the perfluorocarbon block modulates drug release from the lipophilic core via the surrounding fluorous shell. Fluorous imaging agents incorporated into the fluorous shell prolong drug release even further as well as provide potent <sup>19</sup>F-MRI contrast ability. In vitro studies show that these nanoemulsions efficiently inhibit cancer cell growth, thus providing a theranostic drug delivery system.
Energy-efficient architecture and technologies for device to device (D2D) based proximity service (2015)

Considering that modern mobile terminals possess the capability to detect users' proximity, and offer means to directly communicate and share content with the people in close area, Device-to-Device (D2D) based Proximity Services (ProSe) have recently witnessed great development, which enable users to seek for and utilize relevant value in their physical proximity, and are capable to create numerous new mobile service opportunities. However, without a breakthrough in battery technology, the energy will be the biggest limitation for ProSe. Through incorporating the features of ProSe (D2D communication technologies, abundant built-in sensors, localization- dependent, and context-aware, etc.), this paper thoroughly investigates the energy-efficient architecture and technologies for ProSe from the following four aspects: underlying networking technology, localization, application and architecture features, context-aware and user interactions. Besides exploring specific energy-efficient schemes pertaining to each aspect, this paper offers a perspective for research and applications. In brief, through classifying, summarizing and optimizing the multiple efforts on studying, modeling and reducing energy consumption for ProSe on mobile devices, the paper would provide guide for developers to build energy-efficient ProSe.
Structural elements in the concept of motion sickness. (1969)

Abstract : A slow rotation room in a laboratory environment provides an excellent instrument for the study of motion sickness because the experimenter can control not only the stressful Coriolis accelerations, but also other important procedural and environmental variables. By exploiting this control, combined with the judicious selection of experimental subjects, it was possible to confirm many previous findings and demonstrate that manifestations of disturbances in the vestibular system fall into two distinct categories. In the first category are reflex phenomena evoked by Coriolis accelerations when the head is rotated out of the plane of the room's rotation, and revealed through systems which, under natural stimulus conditions, have functional articulations with vestibular receiving areas. The symptomatology in the second category comprises an epiphenomenon superimposed on any manifestation of the first, when the unusual vestibular activity, presumably through facilitory-inhibitory processes, irradiates to cells or cell assemblies not normally stimulated. Selected experimental findings are used in defining the characteristics of manifestations in the two categories and in demonstrating the nature of the facultative linkage between the otherwise independent systems underlying manifestations in the two categories.
Investigation of the active site of oligosaccharyltransferase from pig liver using synthetic tripeptides as tools (1995)

Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), an integral component of the endoplasmic-reticulum membrane, catalyses the transfer of dolichyl diphosphate-linked oligosaccharides to specific asparagine residues forming part of the Asn-Xaa-Thr/Ser sequence. We have studied the binding and catalytic properties of the enzyme from pig liver using peptide analogues derived from the acceptor peptide N-benzoyl-Asn-Gly-Thr-NHCH3 by replacing either asparagine or threonine with amino acids differing in size, stereochemistry, polarity and ionic properties. Acceptor studies showed that analogues of asparagine and threonine with bulkier side chains impaired recognition by OST. Reduction of the beta-amide carbonyl group of asparagine yielded a derivative that, although not glycosylated, was strongly inhibitory (50% inhibition at approximately 140 microM). This inhibition may be due to ion-pair formation involving the NH3+ group and a negatively charged base at the active site. Hydroxylation of asparagine at the beta-C position increased Km and decreased Vmax, indicating an effect on both binding and catalysis. The threo configuration at the beta-C atom of the hydroxyamino acid was essential for substrate binding. A peptide derivative obtained by replacement of the threonine beta-hydroxy group with an NH2 group was found to display acceptor activity. This shows that the primary amine is able to mimic the hydroxy group during transglycosylation. The pH optimum with this derivative is shifted by approximately 1 pH unit towards the basic region, indicating that the neutral NH2 group is the reactive species. The various data are discussed in terms of the catalytic mechanism of OST, particular emphasis being placed on the role of threonine/serine in increasing the nucleophilicity of the beta-amide of asparagine through hydrogen-binding.
Her2 and Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer (2001)

The pace of development of new, clinically relevant information in this area can induce difficulties for clinicians in oncology to become fully aware of and quickly react to these advances. Several recent meetings have reported results that are pertinent to the field of HER2/neu and trastuzumab use in breast cancer. This article summarizes some points on HER2 testing and trastuzumab use that should be of value to treating physicians.
Purine deoxynucleoside toxicity in nondividing human lymphoid cells. (1982)

Cultured leukemic T-lymphoblasts, incubated in the presence of inhibitors of adenosine deaminase, are exquisitely sensitive to growth inhibition by deoxyadenosine. An analogy between this phenomenon and human combined immunodeficiency disease associated with inborn adenosine deaminase deficiency and the use of inhibitors of adenosine deaminase in the management of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been noted. These phenomena are believed to reflect accumulation of high intracellular concentrations of deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) following phosphorylation of deoxyadenosine, inhibiting replicating T-cells. In an attempt to extend these observations to noncultured, nonleukemic T-cells, we studied deoxyadenosine metabolism in human thymocytes. Human thymuses were separated into large replicating and small nondividing cell types by centrifugal elutriation. Both thymocyte subpopulations elevated in their dATP pools on incubation with microM concentrations of deoxyadenosine in the presence of erythro-9-[3-(2-hydroxynonyl)]adenosine, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. These dATP pool rises were similar in extent to those found in cultured leukemic T-lymphoblasts. However, the finding that small nonreplicating thymocytes elevate their dATP pool was unexpected. This prompted study of unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. These cells (T and non-T) showed a similar elevation of their dATP pool on incubation with deoxyadenosine. Furthermore, these nondividing peripheral blood lymphocytes were killed by microM concentrations of deoxyadenosine in the presence of an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The biochemical mechanism of this G0-phase cell death is not known. These findings provide impetus for the investigation of adenosine deaminase inhibitors as lympholytic immunosuppressants or as agents to noncycling malignant lymphoid cells.
Cell Cycle Deficits in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Uncovering Molecular Mechanisms to Drive Innovative Therapeutic Development (2020)

Cell cycle dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Specialised function obligates neuronal cells to subsist in a quiescent state of cell cycle once differentiated and therefore the circumstances and mechanisms underlying aberrant cell cycle activation in post-mitotic neurons in physiological and disease conditions remains an intriguing area of research. There is a strict requirement of concurrence to cell cycle regulation for neurons to ensure intracellular biochemical conformity as well as interrelationship with other cells within neural tissues. This review deliberates on various mechanisms underlying cell cycle regulation in neuronal cells and underscores potential implications of their non-compliance in neural pathology. Recent research suggests that successful duplication of genetic material without subsequent induction of mitosis induces inherent molecular flaws that eventually assert as apoptotic changes. The consequences of anomalous cell cycle activation and subsequent apoptosis are demonstrated by the increased presence of molecular stress response and apoptotic markers. This review delineates cell cycle events under normal physiological conditions and deficits amalgamated by alterations in protein levels and signalling pathways associated with cell-division are analysed. Cell cycle regulators essentially, cyclins, CDKs, cip/kip family of inhibitors, caspases, bax and p53 have been identified to be involved in impaired cell cycle regulation and associated with neural pathology. The pharmacological modulators of cell cycle that are shown to impart protection in various animal models of neurological deficits are summarised. Greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are indispensable to cell cycle regulation in neurons in health and disease conditions will facilitate targeted drug development for neuroprotection.
Retention of hemostatic and immunological properties of frozen plasma and <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 convalescent apheresis fresh‐frozen plasma produced and freeze‐dried in Canada (2021)

Changes in protein activities or clotting times arising from freeze-drying were <15%. Although C3a levels in TFDP were elevated, they were less than literature values for transfusable plasma. SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibody titers and viral protein binding levels were largely unaffected by freeze-drying. In vitro characteristics of TFDP or CC-TFDP were comparable to their originating plasma, making future clinical studies appropriate.
Pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ as a strategy to augment the antitumor immune response. (2010)

There is considerable evidence suggesting that a variety of malignancies utilize the TGFβ cytokine to evade immune surveillance mechanisms to facilitate tumor growth and metastatic progression. The recently developed large- and small-molecule TGFβ inhibitors have demonstrated antitumor efficacy in several preclinical tumor models. Further investigation has revealed these agents to be critically dependent upon the host's immune system, suggesting that the inhibition of TGFβ may overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and, ultimately, augment the antitumor immune response. These findings strongly support combining this strategy with other immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of metastatic cancer. This review discusses the immunoregulatory and antitumor properties of these pharmacological inhibitors of TGFβ signaling as either independent agents or in combination with various immunotherapeutic strategies, their potential side effects, as well as additional avenues of research that may be necessary for their eventual clinical application.
A method for assessing the fire resistance of laminated timber beams and columns (1977)

A method for the calculation of the fire resistance of timber beams and columns is described. The method is based partly on the results of theoretical studies and partly on the results of a large number of tests on timber beams and columns. Simple formulas for calculating fire resistance are presented. Comparison with experimental results shows good agreement between calculated and measured fire resistances.
Catalytic Conversion of Concentrated Glucose to Ethylene Glycol with Semicontinuous Reaction System (2013)

Catalytic conversion of biomass to bulk valuable chemicals is of great significance for humanity, alleviating the dependence on fossil energy resources. Herein, the catalytic conversion of concentrated glucose to ethylene glycol (EG) was studied with dual-functional catalysts in a semicontinuous reaction system. Among a variety of tungsten-based catalysts, AMT–Ru/AC gave the highest EG yield of 60.0% as the mole ratio of W to Ru active sites was in an optimal range of 5–8. Higher temperatures (over 200 °C) and lower concentration of reactant are beneficial to the EG production. The reaction kinetic study disclosed that the reaction selectivity dependent on temperature should be attributed to the big discrepancy in the activation energies between glycol aldehyde (GA, precursor of EG) and EG formation, while the selectivity sensitive to feedstock concentration should be primarily due to the GA side reactions which follow a higher order kinetics (pseudo second order) than the GA hydrogenation to EG (first order). The semicontinuous reaction system well controlled the reactants at low concentrations by a differential effect on the feedstock but realized the product concentration integral to the proceeding of the reaction. In this way, EG was effectively produced from concentrated glucose with high selectivity. Also, this reaction system was found to be suitable for the catalytic conversion of fructose to EG and propylene glycol. The present work provided a valuable strategy for the catalytic conversion of active biomass such as glucose and fructose to glycols, particularly for their practical applications on a large scale.
Safe Endoscopic Removal of a Sharp Foreign Body Using Latex Glove (2002)

Most of swallowed foreign bodies pass spontaneously. However, sharp objects are usually lodged in the proximal esophagus and cause aspiration, bleeding, obstruction, and perforation. Therefore, prompt retrieval of lodged foreign bodies are necessary. The safe extraction of sharp foreign bodies using endoscopic technique is difficult because sharp objects carry a significant risk of mucosal injury and perforation. Endoscopic techniques for retrieval of foreign body include methods using protector hood and overtube. The former is not available, the later is uncomfortable and its diameter is the limiting factor. Method using a latex glove is available, comfortable, and its diameter is not limited. The thickness of the glove is thinner than protector hood, but we think that a latex glove would seem to be a effective alternative. We report a case in which a sharp foreign body was endoscopically removed using a latex glove without complication.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-methyl shikimate and (.+-.)-3-phosphoshikimic acid (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-methyl shikimate and (.+-.)-3-phosphoshikimic acidPaul A. Bartlett and Loretta A. McQuaidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 25, 7854–7860Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00337a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00337a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1141Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Physical properties of epoxy molding compound for semiconductor encapsulation according to the coupling treatment process change of silica (1997)

The change of physical properties of an epoxy-molding compound (EMC) for semiconductor encapsulation according to the coupling treatment process change was investigated. Three different coupling treatment processes were applied in this study: the pretreatment method (PM), the internal pretreatment method (IPM), and the integral addition method (IAM). Especially, we suggested a simple and economic process, the IPM process, in which the drying and powdering process is excluded compared with the PM process. The optimum content range of the coupling agent is 1.0–2.0 wt % based on the weight of the filler, which is about a 1.3–2.5 coating layer. The flexural strength and internal stress of EMC made by the IPM process is almost equivalent to that made by the PM. We applied the model of complex layers of a silane coupling agent at the filler/matrix interface in interpretating the mechanical and thermal properties of EMC and obtaining the relationships between physical properties and the coupling process. It can be concluded that the IPM process is an effective and economic process to be able to obtain a good reliable EMC with strong mechanical strength and low internal stress. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 1975–1982, 1997
Excitons in ZnS crystals with stacking faults (1972)

Abstract The exciton reflection spectra of ZnS crystals with stacking faults have been investigated at 4.2 °K. It has been found that in the range of available concentration of stacking faults (0 <α<0.35) (and especially at α = 0.1 to 0.2) the shift and splitting of the ground state ( n = 1) exciton lines are considerably smaller than it should be expected in the case of linear dependence of these values on α. Spectra of ZnS crystals with a high concentration of stacking faults (α = 0.3) have a doublet structure of the B exciton line. It has been shown that this effect is due to the exchange interaction of the ground exciton state in ZnS crystals. An analogy between the spectra of crystals with stacking faults and the spectra of sphalerite crystals under tension along 〈III〉 is pointed out. The study of the spectra of ZnS crystals with stacking faults has shown that the exchange interaction of the excited exciton state does not need to be considered.