gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liveweight gain and wool production of sheep grazing <i>Lotus corniculatus</i> and lucerne ( <i>Medicago sativa</i> ) (1995)

Abstract Two grazing experiments were conducted to compare the productivity of lactating ewes (Experiment 1) and weaned lambs (Experiment 2) grazing swards of Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil; cv. Grasslands Goldie), lucerne ( Medicago sativa; cv. Grasslands Oranga), and a mixture of lucerne and lotus. Measurements were made of pre‐ and post‐grazing herbage mass, the composition of the feed on offer and diet selected, and of voluntary feed intake (VFI; Experiment 2 only), body growth, and wool growth. From the agronomic measurements, it was concluded that the diet selected was mainly leaf in both experiments. Total condensed tannin (CT) content was 32–57 g/kg DM for lotus, 8–10 g/kg DM for the mixture, and negligible for lucerne (less than 2 g/kg DM). In Experiment 1, ewe wool production and lamb liveweight gain (LWG) did not differ between forages, but ewe LWG was greater on lotus than on lucerne (251 versus 65 g/day; P < 0.001), with the mixture being intermediate (115 g/day). In Experiment 2, VFI (1.76 versus 1.65 kg organic matter (OM)/day; P < 0.05), LWG (228 versus 183 g/day; P < 0.001), wool production (2.78 versus 2.25 kg; P < 0.05), and carcass weight (20.4 versus 17.8 kg; P < 0.05) were greater for lambs grazing lotus than lucerne; lambs grazing the mixture had similar VFI (1.63 kg OM/day) to those grazing lucerne, but wool production (2.49 kg) was intermediate between lambs grazing lucerne and lotus. Male lambs showed a greater LWG response to lotus relative to lucerne (+83 g/day P < 0.01) than female lambs (+15 g/day; P > 0.05). When adjusted for differences in carcass weight, lotus did not affect carcass fatness (GR 13.1 versus 12.8 mm; P > 0.05). It was concluded that Lotus corniculatus (cv. Grasslands Goldie) supported high levels of sheep productivity, with the responses in wool production and superior growth of male lambs in Experiment 2 suggesting that part of the response may be the result of increased protein supply from action of CT in the digestive system.
A new direct millimeter-wave six-port receiver (2001)

A new direct-conversion wide-band (23-31 GHz) six-port receiver is proposed suitable for millimeter-wave integrated system design. This new hardware receiver is found to be robust, rugged, low cost, and suitable for use in broad-band wireless mass-market QPSK communications. The prototype circuits are fabricated to validate this new concept with our miniaturized hybrid microwave integrated-circuit technology and the proposed receiver topology is also suitable for monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit fabrication. This application-specific integrated receiver is designed on the basis of a wide-band six-port junction and other analogical circuits in the form of a simple multichip module. Bit-error-rate measurements and simulation results are shown and discussed in the presence of noise, adjacent signal interference, local-oscillator (LO) phase shift, and LO phase noise. The maximum bit rate is fundamentally limited by the speed of the video and decoder circuits. Nevertheless, several hundred megabits per second can be achieved at low cost.
Trench Isolation with Boron Implanted Side-Walls for Controlling Narrow-Width Effect of n-MOS Threshold Voltages (1985)

Trench isolation technology with boron implanted vertical side-walls is presented andproved to be useful for completely suppressing humps in subthreshold current and controlling finely narrow width effects of n-MOS FETs. The technology is promising one to realize submicron trench isolation less than 0.5 ?m.
Anion recognition by novel ruthenium(II) bipyridyl calix[4]arene receptor molecules (1994)

Exotic calix[4]arene mono- and di-topic anion receptors containing one and two ruthenium(II) bipyridyl moieties have been prepared and shown by 1H NMR and CV to bind and electrochemically recognise halide, dihydrogen phosphate and hydrogen sulphate anions. The monotopic calix[4]arene anion receptor 8 selectively electrochemically recognises H2PO4– in the presence of tenfold excess amounts of HSO4– and Cl–.
Tetradentate Schiff base beryllium complexes (2015)

The structure of (BeSalen)<sub>2</sub> is reported. The incompatibility of the geometry of beryllium with the inflexibility of the Salen gives rise to a rare dimeric motif.
Analysis of myeloperoxidase activity in wound fluids as a marker of infection (2013)

Background Neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes play a crucial role in the host defence against bacterial and fungal infections. They participate in the inflammatory response through the liberation of peptides and enzymes like myeloperoxidase (MPO). Therefore, MPO has a potential as a marker enzyme for the diagnosis of wound infection. Methods Substrate specificities and reaction pathways of MPO were investigated for new MPO substrates: crystal violet, leuco crystal violet, fast blue RR (4-benzoylamino-2,5-dimethoxybenzenediazonium chloride hemi(zinc chloride) salt) and various systematically substituted model substrates based on 2,7-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)naphtalene-3,6-disulphonic acid. In addition, fast blue RR was covalently bound to siloxanes allowing immobilization of the substrate, while cellobiosedehydrogenase was integrated for generation of hydrogen peroxide required by MPO. Results Elevated concentrations of MPO were found in infected wounds compared with non-infected wounds (92.2 ± 45.0 versus 1.9 ± 1.8 U/mL). Various soluble and immobilized substrates were oxidized by MPO in wound samples and the influence of substrate structure and reaction pathways were elucidated for selected compounds. Conclusions Incubation of different MPO substrates with infected wound fluid samples resulted in a clear colour change in the case of elevated MPO concentrations, thus allowing early diagnosis of wound infection.
Low-thermal-budget process modeling with the PREDICT computer program (1988)

Low-thermal-budget processing models have been developed that are applicable to a broad range of ion-implantation and annealing conditions. The cases discussed here include low-temperature furnace annealing of B implants, preamorphization or postamorphization using Si/sup +/ or Ge/sup +/ implants, and rapid thermal annealing of low-dose and high-dose implants. Annihilation of implant damage is accounted for through activated annealing models. Damage type and location in depth are important in understanding enhanced or retarded diffusion of dopants. Damage and diffusion models have been incorporated in the PREDICT program, and example calculations are compared with measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A SELF-EXPANDING, BIFURCATED ENDOVASCULAR GRAFT FOR ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM REPAIR (1996)

Wilson, G. J.; Klement, P.; Kato, Y. P.*; Martin, J. B.*; Khan, I. J.*; Alcime, R.*; Dereume, J. P.†; MacGregorand, D. C.*; Pinchuk, L.* Author Information
A 48,000 pixel, 590,000 transistor silicon retina in current-mode subthreshold CMOS (2002)

A second generation, contrast sensitive silicon retina is reported in this paper. The architecture and organization is inspired by the outer plexiform processing in the vertebrate retina. Current-mode subthreshold MOS design techniques are employed to obtain high performance and energetic efficiency. The system has been fabricated with 230/spl times/210 pixels on a 1/spl times/1 cm die in a 1.2 /spl mu/m n-well double metal, double poly, digital oriented CMOS technology. The chip incorporates 590,000 transistors, 48,000 pixels, operating in subthreshold/transition region with power dissipation of 50 mW when powered from a 5 V power supply. The pixel has a frequency response of 100 kHz.
Characterizing elemental, equivalent black, and refractory black carbon aerosol particles: a review of techniques, their limitations and uncertainties (2013)

Elemental-, equivalent black- and refractory black-carbon are terms that have been defined in order to dissect the more general term, black carbon, into its component parts related to its specific chemical and optical properties and its impact on climate and health. Recent publications have attempted to clarify the meaning of these terms with respect to their environmental impact, particularly on climate. Here, we focus on the measurement aspects, reviewing the most commonly implemented techniques for the direct and indirect derivation of black carbon properties, their strengths, limitations, and uncertainties, and provide a non-exhaustive bibliography where the reader can find more detailed information. This review paper is designed as a guide for those wishing to learn about the current state of black carbon measurement instrumentation, how calibration is carried out, when one instrument may have the advantage over another, and where new techniques are needed to fill important knowledge gaps.
Static power analysis for power-driven synthesis (1998)

A new static power analysis method for CMOS combinational circuits is presented. This approach integrates the simulation-based method and the probabilistic method, and can establish the relationships between the primary inputs and the internal nodes in the circuit. Based on the relationships, our approach can also indicate which internal node or input sequence consumes the most power. It is thus suitable for performing power estimation in the synthesis environment for power optimisation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a systematic way to symbolically represent the relationships between the primary inputs and the power consumption at every internal node of a circuit. Furthermore, by using the existing piecewise linear delay model, as well as the proposed algorithm, this novel method is also very accurate and efficient. For a set of benchmark circuits, the experimental results show that the power estimated by our technique is within 5% error as compared with that by the exact SPICE simulation, while the execution speed is more than four orders of magnitude faster.
Radio frequency GDOES depth profiling analysis of a B‐doped diamond film deposited onto Si by microwave plasma CVD (2002)

Abstract Analysis of a boron‐doped diamond film, ∼13 µm thick, deposited onto a mirror‐finished n‐Si(100) substrate using microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition (CVD), demonstrates the suitability of radiofrequency glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (rf‐GDOES) for rapid depth profiling analysis. The distributions of boron and hydrogen are revealed clearly. Interestingly, the sputtering of the diamond film is accompanied by smoothing of the initial rough, faceted surface, implying that the ridges sputter more rapidly than the valleys during analysis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cold Spraying – Innovative Layers for New Applications (2005)

Abstract In the last years, results of many studies have been published contributing to enhance the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of cold spray coating generation and bonding, as well as coating characteristics. From the point of view of a job shop in thermal spraying and a user of cold spraying equipment, the procedure in development of new applications is presented. Besides the technical requirements, some general factors determining the success of industrial use of cold spraying are shown. Examples of cold sprayed coatings are described to show on one hand the possibility of a fast integration of this new technique in established coating jobs and on the other hand the exploration and use of the new possibilities of cold spraying and the development of applications, which still have not been in the focus of thermal spraying. Suggestions to further research and development activities are made on the base of practical cold spray experience.
Development of a Benchtop Baking Method for Chemically Leavened Crackers. I. Identification of a Diagnostic Formula and Procedure (2010)

ABSTRACT A benchtop baking method has been developed to predict the contribution of gluten functionality to overall flour performance for chemically leavened crackers. To identify a diagnostic cracker formula, the effects of leavening system (sodium bicarbonate, monocalcium phosphate, and ammonium bicarbonate), sugar concentration (%S), and total solvent (TS) on cracker‐baking performance were explored. From preliminary experiments to establish a production procedure, 10 min of dough‐mixing time, a cord‐weave baking mesh, and a 500°F oven temperature were selected. For the leavening system, increasing ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) level at constant sodium bicarbonate (soda) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP) levels resulted in increased cracker height. For the diagnostic formula, 1.25 g of soda, 1.25 g of MCP, and 1.25 g of ABC were selected, based on 100 g of flour. As the sugar concentration in the cracker formula, at constant total solvent (38 TS), decreased to <20%, the resulting cracker dough became softer, and the baked cracker exhibited an increased blistering tendency because of a too‐high formula water level. In contrast, a cracker dough formulated with >40% sugar concentration was too crumbly to handle and sheet. As the total solvent in the cracker formula increased at constant sugar concentration (≈23.7%S), the resulting dough became softer. A dough with 34 TS was too crumbly to handle, while doughs with 42 and 46 TS were too soft to handle and resulted in blistering. Therefore, 38 TS and 23.7%S were identified for the diagnostic formula. Crackers baked with a hard wheat flour, a soft wheat flour, and blends validated the utility of the developed method.
Fabrication of a New Type of Double-Shell Target Having a PVA Inner Layer (2004)

The General Atomics Target Fabrication team was tasked in FY03, under its ICF Target Support contract, to make a new type of double-shell target. Its specifications called for the outer shell to have an inner lining of PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol)) that would keep the xenon gas fill from occupying the target wall. The inner shell consisted of a glass shell coated with 2000 Å of silver and filled with 9 atm of deuterium. Furthermore, the delivery deadline was less than seven weeks away. This paper describes the fielding of this double-shell target, made possible through the combined efforts of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and General Atomics target fabrication specialists.
Active feedback lightwave receivers (1986)

Conventional PINFET lightwave receivers achieve high sensitivity only by allowing integration of the photocurrent signal, which requires equalization with its attendant problems and also compromises the dynamic range. Conventional nonintegrating receivers1 avoid these problems but have 10-20-dB less sensitivity due to the Johnson noise of the low-value input or feedback resistors required to avoid integration.
Identification of Recent Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates That Are Serologically Different from Current Vaccine Strains (1988)

Three 1986 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates were serotyped by a hemagglutination-inhibition method and were found to be serologically different from the seven strains currently used in regular and specially licensed vaccines in the United States (Mass 41, H52, H120, Conn 46, Fla 18288, JMK, and Ark 99) and from 13 other reference IBV strains. The recent isolates were from layer flocks that had histories of egg-production declines and shell-quality problems. Two of the isolates, one each from Maine and Ohio, were serologically related to a 1983 IBV isolate from layer replacements in Pennsylvania. The third isolate, from Korea, was serologically different from any of the reference strains and the other new isolates.
Plasmapheresis in Rheumatology (2015)

The development of therapeutic plasmapheresis has undergone an explosive expansion in the last ten years. The two fields in which diseases with the greatest incidence are being treated are neurology and rheumatology. In rheumatology the greatest concern is with the possibility that plamapheresis, or lymphocytapheresis, or some combination of the two procedures might become an important therapeutic modality in the management of rheuomatoid arthritis. The economic impact of this on society would be substantial. This review considers the evidence for a therapeutic role of plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and reviews the studies which are relevant to the use of apheresis in rheumatoid disease. Vasculitis, polymyositis, and scleroderma are mentioned briefly. The nature of rheumatological disorders is such that they have a long time course, are subject to wide fluctuations in activity, demonstrate a substantial placebo effect, and are difficult to measure accurately.For this reason, conclusions on the role of apheresis in rheumatology must, at present, be somewhat tentative, and are likely to remain so for some years to come.
Data transmission space system for air traffic control in Russia (2002)

The Federal Program of Modernisation of Universal Air Traffic Control System of Russia provides use of space facilities for navigation, tracking and communications. To fulfil this provision of the program, the data transmission space system for air traffic control has been developed. This system is designed to provide automatic air traffic control system operation in Russia. It performs the following tasks: global navigation support of planes under accuracy of coordinates definition better than 100 meters; precise navigation support in airport areas; communications services between regional air traffic control centers and aeroplanes (mobile telecommunications); automatic dependent tracking of aeroplane flights; and voice and data communications between components of the air traffic control system. The Federal Program is based on the deployment of satellite systems.
A monolithic low-bandwidth jitter-cleaning PLL with hitless switching for SONET/SDH clock generation (2006)

A single-chip jitter-cleaning PLL with hitless switching is presented. By utilizing the mostly-digital phase build-out technique, the steady-state output phase step after switching is bounded within 200ps. At the loop bandwidth of 800Hz, the maximum output phase transient slope is <4.5ns/ms. The jitter generation is 0.8ps in the OC48 band and 0.4ps in OC192 band. The 16.32mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip is fabricated in a 0.25mum standard CMOS process and consumes 350mW at 3.3V
Energy harvesting technologies for wireless sensors in rotating environments (2014)

Using sensors to measure parameters of interest in rotating environments and communicating the measurements in real-time over wireless links, requires a reliable power source. In this paper, we have investigated the possibility to generate electric power locally by evaluating six different energy-harvesting technologies. The applicability of the technology is evaluated by several parameters that are important to the functionality in an industrial environment. All technologies are individually presented and evaluated, a concluding table is also summarizing the technologies strengths and weaknesses. To support the technology evaluation on a more theoretical level, simulations has been performed to strengthen our claims. Among the evaluated and simulated technologies, we found that the variable reluctance-based harvesting technology is the strongest candidate for further technology development for the considered use-case.
Recognizing gym exercises using acceleration data from wearable sensors (2014)

The activity recognition approaches can be used for entertainment, to give people information about their own behavior, and to monitor and supervise people through their actions. Thus, it is a natural consequence of that fact that the amount of wearable sensors based studies has increased as well, and new applications of activity recognition are being invented in the process. In this study, gym data, including 36 different exercise classes, is used aiming in the future to create automatic activity diaries showing reliably to end users how many sets of given exercise have been performed. The actual recognition is divided into two different steps. In the first step, activity recognition of certain time intervals is performed and in the second step the state-machine approach is used to decide when actual events (sets in gym data) were performed. The results showed that when recognizing different exercise sets from the same occasion (sequential exercise sets), on average, over 96 percent window-wise true positive rate can be achieved, and moreover, all the exercise events can be discovered using the state-machine approach. When using a separate validation test set, the accuracies decreased significantly for some classes, but even in this case, all the different sets were discovered for 26 different classes.
MARIS: Method for Analyzing RNA following Intracellular Sorting (2014)

Transcriptional profiling is a key technique in the study of cell biology that is limited by the availability of reagents to uniquely identify specific cell types and isolate high quality RNA from them. We report a Method for Analyzing RNA following Intracellular Sorting (MARIS) that generates high quality RNA for transcriptome profiling following cellular fixation, intracellular immunofluorescent staining and FACS. MARIS can therefore be used to isolate high quality RNA from many otherwise inaccessible cell types simply based on immunofluorescent tagging of unique intracellular proteins. As proof of principle, we isolate RNA from sorted human embryonic stem cell-derived insulin-expressing cells as well as adult human β cells. MARIS is a basic molecular biology technique that could be used across several biological disciplines.
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma–Targeted CREBBP/EP300 Inhibitory Protein 1 Promoter System for Gene Therapy and Virotherapy (2008)

Gene therapy and virotherapy are one of the approaches used to treat malignant pleural mesothelioma. To improve the efficiency of targeting malignant mesothelioma cells, we designed a novel system using the promoter of the CREBBP/EP300 inhibitory protein 1 (CRI1), a gene specifically expressed in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Four tandem repeats of the CRI1 promoter (CRI1(-138 4x)) caused significantly high promoter activity in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells but little promoter activity in normal mesothelial cells and normal fibroblasts. The recombinant adenoviral vector expressing proapoptotic BH3-interacting death agonist or early region 1A driven by the CRI1(-138 4x) promoter induced cell death in malignant mesothelioma cells but not in normal cells. Moreover, these viruses showed antitumor effects in a mesothelioma xenograft mouse model. Here, we describe a novel strategy to target malignant mesothelioma using the CRI1(-138 4x) promoter system.
Nanoscale Molecular Patterns Fabricated by Using Scanning Near-Field Optical Lithography (2002)

Nanometer-scale patterns have been created in self-assembled monolayers by using a scanning near-field optical microscope coupled to an ultra-violet laser emitting light at a wavelength of 244 nm. Sharp, chemically well-defined features with dimensions as small as 40 nm have been created routinely, and on occasions line widths of 25 nm (lambda/10) have been achieved. Because of the wide range of photochemical methods available for surface derivatization, this approach promises to provide a flexible and versatile route to the generation of molecular and biological nanostructures for a wide range of applications.