gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate multiple-quantum-well growth using real-time optical flux monitoring (1994)

We report a real-time molecular beam epitaxy control system based on optical flux monitoring (OFM) that is capable of producing thin AlAs/GaAs layers of accurate thickness. We demonstrate the system’s ability to detect and compensate for growth rate variations by growing AlAs/GaAs multi-quantum-well structures while deliberately ramping the GaAs growth rate to simulate a severe effusion cell instability. Results show that a sample grown under these conditions without OFM control (i.e., while using conventional timed shutter control) exhibited multiple photoluminescence peaks, indicating that its quantum wells differed in thickness, while a sample grown using OFM shutter control exhibited a single narrow peak, indicating that its quantum wells were nearly identical in width. Analysis of the OFM shutter control sample’s photoluminescence linewidth shows that the resulting quantum-well thickness variation were less than 1%.
Recent Developments in Compton Tomographic Imaging of the Lung and Possible Application to Object Recognition (1987)

Compton Tomographic Imaging, using external sources and gamma camera, has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for producing 3-D images of the density distribution of the chest. The design aspects of the TomoCompton and the algorithm applied for correcting the acquired tomograms for both geometrical and physical attenuation are described. In vitro and in vivo studies are reported. Finally, a possible application of the TomoCompton in the area of object defects recognition is examined.
Observation and discussion of avalanche electroluminescence in GaN p-n diodes offering a breakdown electric field of 3 MV cm<sup>−1</sup> (2018)

We report on the first observation of avalanche electroluminescence resulting from band-to-band recombination (BTBR) of electron hole pairs at the breakdown limit of Gallium Nitride p-n diodes grown homo-epitaxially on single crystalline GaN substrates. The diodes demonstrated a near ideal breakdown electric field of 3 MV cm−1 with electroluminescence (EL) demonstrating sharp peaks of emission energies near and at the band gap of GaN. The high critical electric field, near the material limit of GaN, was achieved by generating a smooth curved mesa edge with low plasma damage, using etch engineering without any use of field termination. The superior material quality was critical for such a near-ideal performance. An electric field of 3 MV cm−1 recorded at the breakdown resulted in impact ionization, confirmed by a positive temperature dependence of the breakdown voltage. The spectral data provided evidence of BTBR of electron hole pairs that were generated by avalanche carrier multiplication in the depletion region.
Enhanced Cellular Functions on Polycaprolactone Tissue Scaffolds by O<sub>2</sub> Plasma Surface Modification (2011)

Abstract This paper reports a study of using an oxygen‐based plasma modification to alter physicochemical properties of three‐dimensional (3D) PCL scaffolds and to improve mouse osteoblast cells attachment, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation. Different plasma modification times (1, 3, and 5‐min) and their effects on surface physicochemical properties were measured by contact angle measurement, surface energy calculation (Owens–Wendth Method), surface chemistry (XPS), and the surface topography (AFM). The effect of oxygen‐based plasma modification on attachment, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation were examined by shear flow assay, alamarBlue assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and osteoblastic differentiation markers. Results of the contact angle measurement, total solid surface energy, surface chemistry, and roughness revealed that oxygen‐based plasma modification increased surface hydrophilicity, total surface energy, total amount of oxygen containing groups, and the surface roughness. A positive effect of plasma modification on cell proliferation on 3D PCL scaffolds was observed at the osteoblastic differentiation stage which was evaluated by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin protein secretion, and calcium mineralization. The higher ALP activity and osteocalcin secretion were detected from the cells on 3‐min plasma modified PCL surface compared to unmodified samples. The calcium mineralization and SEM micrographs data also showed that there was a higher mineralized matrix deposition on 3‐min plasma modified PCL scaffolds compared to unmodified scaffolds. These results suggest that the 3‐min plasma modification can accelerate differentiation phase of osteoblast through improving cell–scaffold interaction. magnified image
Fault Type Classification in Microgrids Including Photovoltaic DGs (2015)

Protective devices of smart and fault-resilient microgrids are not expected to trip the healthy phases during unbalanced short-circuits. Thus, some utilities and relay manufacturers have started contemplating single- and double-pole tripping for distribution systems. Selective phase tripping demands fault type classification. This paper reveals that existing industrial methods misidentify the fault type in microgrids that include photovoltaic distributed generations (DGs). Due to interface similarities, this paper pertains to systems with type IV wind DGs as well. Two new classifiers proposed in this paper determine the fault type accurately for not only microgrids with photovoltaic DGs, but for any three-phase system. With low computational burden, they require only local information and operate successfully for high resistance faults. Furthermore, these techniques are not affected by the system imbalance and different DG power factors over disturbances.
Taming the torrent (2008)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, which provide a variety of popular services, such as file sharing, video streaming and voice-over-IP, contribute a significant portion of today's Internet traffic. By building overlay networks that are oblivious to the underlying Internet topology and routing, these systems have become one of the greatest traffic-engineering challenges for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and the source of costly data traffic flows. In an attempt to reduce these operational costs, ISPs have tried to shape, block or otherwise limit P2P traffic, much to the chagrin of their subscribers, who consistently finds ways to eschew these controls or simply switch providers. In this paper, we present the design, deployment and evaluation of an approach to reducing this costly cross-ISP traffic without sacrificing system performance. Our approach recycles network views gathered at low cost from content distribution networks to drive biased neighbor selection without any path monitoring or probing. Using results collected from a deployment in BitTorrent with over 120,000 users in nearly 3,000 networks, we show that our lightweight approach significantly reduces cross-ISP traffic and, over 33% of the time, it selects peers along paths that are within a single autonomous system (AS). Further, we find that our system locates peers along paths that have two orders of magnitude lower latency and 30% lower loss rates than those picked at random, and that these high-quality paths can lead to significant improvements in transfer rates. In challenged settings where peers are overloaded in terms of available bandwidth, our approach provides 31% average download-rate improvement; in environments with large available bandwidth, it increases download rates by 207% on average (and improves median rates by 883%
GENI - global environment for network innovations (2008)

This talk introduces GENI, the National Science Foundation's ambitious plan to build a national infrastructure suite to enable research into Network Science and Engineering for future global communications networks. GENI has just entered Spiral 1, a new stage in its development. Early prototyping is now beginning, which will offer illumination into its construction plans and research potential. The first round of software, hardware, and trial facilities are now being built by academic and industrial research teams. This talk presents current plans for GENI, but leaves plenty of time for discussion and brain-storming, both for the eventual infrastructure suite and for prototypes that will be built in the coming year.
EVALUATION OF WORK ZONE SPEED ADVISORY SYSTEM (2004)

In recent years, numerous new and innovative technologies have been developed to make traffic operations through work zones safer and more efficient. Some of these technologies belong to the category of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). Their main function is to disseminate travel-related information to drivers to enhance their decisions regarding the route they choose to take to their desired destination. The system can provide real-time information on travel times, travel speeds, delays, accidents, route closures and detours, and work zone conditions, among others. The information can be communicated through changeable message signs (CMS), highway advisory radio, Internet, or some other medium. The effectiveness of CMSs in providing real-time information to drivers about traffic conditions in work zones has been studied in recent years by the University of Nebraska. The research evaluated the effect of condition-responsive advisory speed messages on vehicle speeds in advance of work zones on a rural interstate highway. The technology evaluated by this study is called Work Zone Speed Advisory System (WZSAS). The WZSAS is an enroute traveler information system whereby real-time speed advisory information is provided to drivers by means of portable changeable message signs strategically located in advance of diversion points upstream of a work zone. The objective of the WZSAS is to advise drivers of the speed of traffic in advance of a work zone and thereby encourage them to divert to an alternate route when there is congestion in the work zone. The objective of this evaluation study was to assess: (1) the effectiveness of the WZSAS in encouraging traffic diversion when there is congestion in the work zone, and (2) its applicability as a traffic management tool.
Topochemical Investigations on Peptide Systems (1969)

Abstract The basic principles of the topochemical approach to the investigation of the structure‐function relation in peptide systems are formulated. This approach makes use of the new possibility of transforming natural peptides, consisting in the modification of the molecule as a whole and utilization of the resultant analogs to elucidate the boundaries of the stereoelectronic complementarity of the biologically active peptide to the corresponding receptor. In particular, on the example of depsipeptide antibiotics and their topochemical analogs the fruitfulness of using such compounds as tools in elucidating the physicochemical basis of functioning of biological membranes is shown. The topochemical principle has also been applied in preparing specific competitive inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes, whose study may shed light on the nature of the forces binding the substrate to the contact site of the corresponding enzyme.
Identification of Glutamate Residues Essential for Catalytic Activity and Zinc Coordination in Aminopeptidase A (1996)

Aminopeptidase A (EC 3.4.11.7, APA) is a homodimeric membrane-bound glycoprotein that contains the consensus sequence HEXXH(385-389) found in zinc metallopeptidases such as thermolysin. The x-ray structure of the latter enzyme revealed that the two histidines of this motif are two of the three zinc-coordinating ligands and that the glutamate is a crucial amino acid involved in catalysis. Alignment of the sequence of mouse APA with those of the already characterized metallopeptidases showed the presence of several conserved amino acids such as a glutamate residue in position 408 which may constitute the putative third zinc ligand. The functional implication of this residue and the role of glutamate 386 in the HELVH(385-389) motif of APA have been investigated by replacing these residues with an aspartate (Asp-386, Asp-408) or an alanine (Ala-386, Ala-408) by site-directed mutagenesis. Expressed mutated proteins in position 386 showed no APA activity. Ala-408 was also inactive, and Asp-408 had 5% of the wild type enzyme activity and a similar Km. 65Zn incorporation measurements indicated that Ala-386 binds the zinc ion as well as the wild type enzyme, whereas the Ala-408 mutant did not. These results provide evidence that Glu-408 is the third zinc-coordinating residue of APA, confirm the presumed involvement of Glu-386 in the catalytic process of the enzyme, and identify APA as a zinc metallopeptidase functionally similar to thermolysin.
Physiologic motion after vocal cord reinnervation: A preliminary study (1992)

This study attempted to reestablish physiologic vocal cord motion, rather than synkinesis, to a reinnervated vocal cord. One mongrel dog underwent a division and reanastomosis of the anterior branch of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve and simultaneous separation and reimplantation of a posterior division nerve-muscle pedicle into the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. After 21 weeks, spontaneous physiologic vocal cord movement and electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded during respiratory obstruction and laryngeal mechanical stimulation. Acoustic measures and histologic data are also presented from the reinnervated and normal vocalis muscle and from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This study demonstrated that physiologic vocal cord motion can be achieved after laryngeal reinnervation using this technique.
A Component Model for the AUTOSAR Virtual Function Bus (2007)

To reduce cost and time to market of automotive software systems and simultaneously increase the products' quality, the component paradigm has achieved broad acceptance within the automotive industry over the last few years. This fact is reflected by upcoming domain specific software standards like AUTOSAR. In AUTOSAR application concerns are covered by software components, while infrastructural ones are handled within layered component middleware. The so obtained separation of concerns leads to an increase in application quality, reusability and maintainability, and hence to a reduction of cost and time to market. This paper contributes with the consequent application of the component paradigm to AUTOSAR's layered middleware, thereby gaining all benefits of CBSE not only for the application level, but for the whole automotive software system. The introduced component model for middleware components can flexibly be used to build resource-aware, AUTOSAR compliant, component middleware for distributed automotive software systems and can seamlessly be integrated within the AUTOSAR system architecture.
Human Lysozyme Secretion Increased by Alpha-factor Pro-sequence in<i>Pichia pastoris</i> (1999)

To get high level secretion of human lysozyme in Pichia pastoris, the following three signal sequences and one prepro sequence were evaluated: chicken lysozyme signal peptide, leucine-rich artificial signal peptide, Saccharomyces invertase signal peptide, and Saccharomyces prepro sequence of alpha factor (MF-alpha Prepro). Transformants harboring a lysozyme gene with MF-alpha Prepro secreted 20-fold more lysozyme than those harboring the lysozyme gene with any one of the other three signal sequences. Three mutant leader sequences derived from MF-alpha Prepro were constructed to discover the function of the pro region. The secretion was dramatically decreased by eliminating the pro region of MF-alpha Prepro. In contrast, MF-alpha Prepro with the EAEAEA sequence directed the secretion of an equivalent level of lysozyme having the extra amino acids (EAEAEA) in its N-terminus. For the effective secretion of native human lysozyme, MF-alpha Prepro without any spacer sequences was most suitable. The secreted protein by MF-alpha Prepro construct was identical with the authentic human lysozyme, judging from N-terminal amino acid sequencing and molecular mass spectrometric and crystallographic analysis.
Common Epitopes in Human Isoferritins Characterized by Murine Monoclonal Antibodies (1986)

Three monoclonal antibodies against human liver ferritin were selected to study antigenic determinants (epitopes) of human isoferritins. These monoclonal antibodies were found to form immunoprecipitin lines with ferritin in double diffusion tests (Ouchterlony), indicating multiple epitopes on a single ferritin molecule. The antibodies revealed high species specificity as well. Monoclonal antibodies MA301 and MA311 appeared to recognize different epitopes, since they did not inhibit each other in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, MA309 recognized both epitopes for MA301 and MA311 with similar competitive inhibition. These epitopes were not detectable when ferritin was treated with 8M urea (pH 2.5) and were detectable upon reconstruction by dialysis against 2 M urea (pH 7.2), suggesting that these monoclonals recognize epitopes in the tertiary structure of the ferritin molecule. As a matter of fact, these monoclonals react preferentially with intact ferritin molecule and only negligibly with subunits. Isoelectric focusing patterns of human ferritins demonstrated that liver, spleen, placenta, and hepatoma cells (Li-7) transplanted in nude mice contained basic isoferritins, whereas HeLa cells (carcinoma), Wa cells (EB virus-transformed B cells), and Raji cells (Burkitt's lymphoma) contained acidic isoferritins. Human heart ferritin displayed a somewhat intermediate pattern between liver and HeLa ferritins. In spite of the heterogeneous population of human isoferritins, the dissociation constants (Kd) of the three monoclonal antibodies to liver, HeLa, and heart isoferritins were quite similar.
Protection by the Eph–Ephrin System Against Mesenteric Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2017)

Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury targets primarily endothelial and epithelial cells, leading to a cascade of inflammatory events, eventually culminating in life-threatening syndromes. Hitherto, the role of Eph, the largest family of tyrosine kinase receptors, and of their cell-bound ephrin ligands, whose interaction generates a bidirectional signaling, is still debated in I/R injury. The aim of the present work was therefore to investigate the effects produced by unidirectional activation of forward signaling (administration of chimeric protein ephrinA1-Fc), of reverse signaling (EphA2-Fc), or inhibition of both signals (monomeric EphA2 and the protein-protein interaction inhibitor UniPR1331) on the local and systemic inflammatory responses triggered by mesenteric I/R in mice.When administered at 200 μg/kg i.v., ephrin-A1-Fc prevented intestinal and lung I/R-induced injury, decreasing in the pulmonary district leukocytes recruitment, IL-1β and TNFα levels, and EphA2 overexpression by mesenteric I/R. Blockade of Eph-ephrin signaling by equimolar EphA2 efficiently antagonized I/R-induced gut edema formation, an effect shared also by UniPR1331, mitigated lung mucosal injury, and counteracted the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. EphA2-Fc 180 μg/kg or equimolar Fc alone did not significantly modify the inflammatory responses to I/R.Our data suggest that the Eph-ephrin system is directly involved in the development of the acute inflammatory process activated in the gut by hypoxia-reoxygenation and in its amplification to distant organs, revealing that a fine pharmacological tuning of this signaling pathway may represent an attractive strategy to contain the I/R-induced inflammatory cascade.
Power Micro-electromechanial Systems (Power MEMS) (2002)

A power MEMS is a micro-electromechanical system to supply electric power or kinetic power. The power MEMS for electric power supply is attractive as a portable power source replacing batteries. State-of-the-art batteries suffer from insufficient energy and power density. The secondary battery needs time-consuming recharge at the place where a facility electric line is available. Moreover, recycling batteries is limited due to difficulties in balancing the cost and classifying many kinds of used batteries, although used batteries are accompanied with such problems as environmental pollution. The power MEMS is expected to realize new functions, such as high energy density, high power density, continuous operation without recharge and environmental friendliness, not found in batteries by using chemical fuels with energy density 1-2 digits higher than batteries or environmental energy. Another important application of the power MEMS is a micro-thruster for 1-10 kg class micro-spacecrafts. Currently, fuel cells, fuel reformers, combustion engine generators, combustion-based thermoelectric generators and thrusters are being miniaturized using MEMS technology. Also, ceramic micromachining for high-temperature power MEMS is under development.
Induction of Oral Tolerance to HSP60 or an HSP60-Peptide Activates T Cell Regulation and Reduces Atherosclerosis (2007)

Oral tolerance induction to HSP60 and a small HSP60-peptide leads to an increase in the number of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, resulting in a decrease in plaque size as a consequence of increased production of IL-10 and TGF-beta. We conclude that these beneficial results of oral tolerance induction to HSP60 and HSP60 (253 to 268) may provide new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Synthesis and Binding Activity of Some Pyrazolo[1,5-<i>c</i>]quinazolines as Tools To Verify an Optional Binding Site of a Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligand (1996)

The synthesis and binding activity at the benzodiazepine receptor of some 2-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines are reported. The structure-activity relationships and in vitro efficacy of the title compounds, which are devoid of the proton acceptor atom at position 1, are similar to those of some previously reported tricyclic heteroaromatic compounds. This suggests that a proton acceptor at position 1 is an optional binding site of a benzodiazepine receptor ligand which only affects potency.
Benefits realization at Mercy Memorial results in a changed organizational culture. (1989)

May 1, 1989, marked the completion of the first phase of the installation of a new hospitalwide computer system at Mercy Memorial Hospital (MMH) in Monroe, Mich. This installation has involved more than the mere addition of new hardware and application training. MMH has undertaken an aggressive pursuit to achieve the quantitative and qualitative benefits that so often elude system installers. These are often the same benefits that serve to justify new systems expenditures. This is the last in a three-part series (see our Feb. and May 1989 issues).
A young woman's journey through the ravages of Crohn's disease and pregnancy (2012)

In early 2006, when she was just 16 years old, Sarah (pseudonym) presented to an adult gastroenterologist with lethargy, epigastric pain, significant weight loss, poor appetite, tenderness in the right iliac fossa joint, episcleritis, mouth ulcers and iron deficiency. She had no significant previous medical history or medication use but did have a positive family history of Crohn's disease (her mother). Some of Sarah's symptoms had been present for more than a year. Sarah's presenting signs and symptoms were highly suggestive of Crohn's disease, including the extraluminal symptoms of joint pain, mouth ulcers and episcleritis.