gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Injection of Spallation Neutrons Generated by High-Energy Protons into the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: ADSKUCAFFAG acceleratorspallation neutronsproton beam injectiontungsten target100 MeV protonsneutron multiplicationexternal sourcesustainable nuclear chain reactionsubcritical system
Correction: Autoantibody Epitope Spreading in the Pre-Clinical Phase Predicts Progression to Rheumatoid Arthritis (2012)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prototypical autoimmune arthritis affecting nearly 1% of the world population and is a significant cause of worldwide disability. Though prior studies have demonstrated the appearance of RA-related autoantibodies years before the onset of clinical RA, the pattern of immunologic events preceding the development of RA remains unclear. To characterize the evolution of the autoantibody response in the preclinical phase of RA, we used a novel multiplex autoantigen array to evaluate development of the anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and to determine if epitope spread correlates with rise in serum cytokines and imminent onset of clinical RA. To do so, we utilized a cohort of 81 patients with clinical RA for whom stored serum was available from 1-12 years prior to disease onset. We evaluated the accumulation of ACPA subtypes over time and correlated this accumulation with elevations in serum cytokines. We then used logistic regression to identify a profile of biomarkers which predicts the imminent onset of clinical RA (defined as within 2 years of testing). We observed a time-dependent expansion of ACPA specificity with the number of ACPA subtypes. At the earliest timepoints, we found autoantibodies targeting several innate immune ligands including citrullinated histones, fibrinogen, and biglycan, thus providing insights into the earliest autoantigen targets and potential mechanisms underlying the onset and development of autoimmunity in RA. Additionally, expansion of the ACPA response strongly predicted elevations in many inflammatory cytokines including TNF-a, IL-6, IL-12p70, and IFN-c. Thus, we observe that the preclinical phase of RA is characterized by an accumulation of multiple autoantibody specificities reflecting the process of epitope spread. Epitope expansion is closely correlated with the appearance of preclinical inflammation, and we identify a biomarker profile including autoantibodies and cytokines which predicts the imminent onset of clinical arthritis.
Recovery of Copper from Sludge of Copper Electro-Plating Plant (1996)

The metallic copper was recovered from sludge of the copper electro-plating plant by pyrometallurgical process. The reducing agent was Pyrolysized from waste tires and the flux was a mixture , , and glass. The green sludge contained 87.5% moisture and 12.5% solid with 56.5% Cu and 1.59% Fe. The sludge dried at was analyized to be and CuO by XRD analysis. The former was 84% and the latter 16%, However, the calcined sludge at was 49% and 51% CuO. The sludge could by smelted at for two hours with 6 to 8 moles carbon with respect to copper to produce metallic copper (>90%) with recovery of 9% above.
IMAGE BASED RENAL STONE TRACKING TO IMPROVE EFFICACY IN EXTRACORPOREAL LITHOTRIPSY (1998)

Image based renal stone tracking software that automatically adjusts the shock wave generator position according to the displacement of renal stones is useful during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Treatment time was significantly shorter with this software.
Entertaining agents (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Entertaining agents: a sociological case study Author: Leonard N. Foner MIT Media Lab, 20 Ames St, E15-305, Cambridge, MA MIT Media Lab, 20 Ames St, E15-305, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims AGENTS '97: Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agentsFebruary 1997Pages 122–129https://doi.org/10.1145/267658.267684Published:08 February 1997Publication History 39citation509DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations39Total Downloads509Last 12 Months85Last 6 weeks16 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Synthesis of Acetylenic Acetals, Ketals and Orthoesters (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Acetylenic Acetals, Ketals and OrthoestersB. W. Howk and J. C. SauerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 17, 4607–4609Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01550a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views433Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (362 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Induction of apoptosis by the garlic-derived compound S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) is associated with microtubule depolymerization and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase 1 activation. (2003)

Epidemiological and experimental carcinogenesis studies provide evidence that components of garlic (Allium sativum) have anticancer activity. We recently reported that the garlic derivative S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) inhibits growth, arrests cells in G(2)-M, and induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells (Shirin et al., Cancer Res., 61: 725-731, 2001). Because a fraction of the SAMC-treated cells are specifically arrested in mitosis, we examined the mechanism of this effect in the present study. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that the treatment of SW480 cells or NIH3T3 fibroblasts with 150 micro M SAMC (the IC(50) concentration) caused rapid microtubule (MT) depolymerization, MT cytoskeleton disruption, centrosome fragmentation and Golgi dispersion in interphase cells. It also induced the formation of monopolar and multipolar spindles in mitotic cells. In vitro turbidity assays indicated that SAMC acted directly on tubulin to cause MT depolymerization, apparently because it interacts with -SH groups on tubulin. To investigate the signaling pathways involved in SAMC-induced apoptosis, we assayed c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) activity and found that treatment with SAMC caused a rapid and sustained induction of JNK activity. The selective JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited the early phase (24 h) but not the late phase (48 h and later) of apoptosis induced by SAMC. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of JNK1 in SW480 cells inhibited apoptosis induced by SAMC at 24 h but had no protective effect at 48 h. JNK1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts were resistant to SAMC-induced apoptosis at 24 h but not at 48 h. On the other hand, the inhibition or abrogation of JNK1 activity did not inhibit the G(2)-M arrest induced by SAMC. SAMC also activated caspase-3. The general caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk inhibited both early and late phases of apoptosis induced by SAMC. We conclude that the garlic-derived compound SAMC exerts antiproliferative effects by binding directly to tubulin and disrupting the MT assembly, thus arresting cells in mitosis and triggering JNK1 and caspase-3 signaling pathways that lead to apoptosis.
In-vivo characterization of a 0.8 &#x2013; 3 &#x00B5;V<inf>RMS</inf> input-noise versatile CMOS pre-amplifier (2015)

The following work presents a CMOS-integrated low-noise pre-amplifier (LNA) for bio-potential recordings, which is part of a multi-channel neural recording system. The versatile pre-amplifier channel features a tunable lower cut-off frequency from 0.2 Hz to 10 kHz, an upper cut-off frequency from 37.9 Hz to 11 kHz, and a middle-band gain from 41 to 45 dB. With its variable power consumption from 3.3 μW to 1 mW, the input-referred noise can be set from 2 down to 0.8 μV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> . The pre-amplifier, fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS process, was successfully tested for ECG, EMG, and EEG applications.
Self-Templated Nucleation in Peptide and Protein Aggregation (2008)

Peptides and proteins exhibit a common tendency to assemble into highly ordered fibrillar aggregates, whose formation proceeds in a nucleation-dependent manner that is often preceded by the formation of oligomeric assemblies. This process has received much attention because disordered oligomeric aggregates have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Here we describe a self-templated nucleation mechanism that determines the transition between the initial condensation of polypeptide chains into disordered assemblies and their reordering into fibrillar structures. The results that we present show that at the molecular level this transition is due to the ability of polypeptide chains to reorder within oligomers into fibrillar assemblies whose surfaces act as templates that stabilize the disordered assemblies.
Water-Soluble Organometallic Compounds. 7.<sup>1</sup>Further Studies of 1,3,5-Triaza-7-Phosphaadamantane Derivatives of Group 10 Metals, Including Metal Carbonyls and Hydrides (1999)

The syntheses of Ni(PTA)4 (5), Pd(PTA)4 (6), and Pt(PTA)4 (8) are accomplished through the reduction of the MIICl2 salts in water with excess 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA). The products are obtained as partially protonated derivatives with protonation occurring at the nitrogen atoms of the bound PTA ligands. Crystal structures illustrating the monoprotonated and bis-protonated derivatives of 8, [Pt(PTA)3(PTAH)][Cl] (1S) and [Pt(PTA)2(PTAH)2][BF4]2 (2S), are reported. The crystal structure of an intermediate along the reduction pathway, [PdCl(PTA)3][Cl] (7), is also presented, showing a trans influence whereby the Pd−P bond length trans to the Cl- ligand is shorter, 2.238(3) Å, than the average Pd−P bond length cis to the Cl- ligand, 2.334(2) Å. Complex 8 is also protonated at the metal center to form [(H)Pt(PTA)4][X], where X = Cl-, BF4-, HCO3-, and C3H5CO2-, through the addition of weak acids such as CO2/H2O, NH4Cl, PTAH+Cl-, HPy+BF4-, and crotonic acid. Addition of strong acids such as HCl or HBF4 results in protonation at the PTA ligands. Thereby, the Pt metal center is shown to have a pKa between 7.44 and 9.25. The bound PTA ligands on complex 8 have a pKa below 4.69 but above 2.12. Ni(CO)4-n(PTA)n derivatives are also reported for n = 3 (9), 2 (10), and 1 (11). Using IR data of 11, PTA is determined to have an electronic parameter (χ) as defined by Tolman to be 15.3 cm-1, indicating PTA to be slightly less donating than PPh3, where χ = 12.8 cm-1. Complex 10 is crystallized out of a MeOH/ether solution maintained at −15 °C and characterized by X-ray crystallography. It is a distorted tetrahedron and has a crystallographically determined Tolman cone angle of PTA of 103°. Monitored reactions of Ni(PTA)4 with CO in water via in situ IR techniques show that the rate observed for the dissociation of PTA to provide Ni(CO)(PTA)3 is 7.92 × 10-4 s-1 at 20 °C. This rate, along with 31P NMR results, indicates that the M0(PTA)4 complexes exhibit little dissociation and slow exchange of the bound PTA ligands.
Effect of mechanical stress on current-voltage characteristics of thin film polycrystalline diamond Schottky diodes (1993)

Schottky diodes utilized for mechanical stress effect studies were fabricated using aluminum contacts to polycrystalline diamond thin films grown by a hot-filament-assisted chemical vapor deposition process. Compressive stress was found to have a large effect on the forward biased current-voltage characteristics of the diode, whereas the effect on the reverse biased characteristics was relatively small. This stress effect on the forward biased diamond Schottky diode was attributed to piezojunction and piezoresistance effects that dominated the diode current-voltage characteristics in the small and large bias regions, respectively. At a large constant forward bias current, a good linear relationship between output voltage and applied force was observed for force of less than 10 N, as predicted by the piezoresistance effect. The measured force sensitivity of the diode was as high as 0.75 V/N at 1 mA forward bias. Compared to either silicon or germanium junction diodes and tunnel diodes, polycrystalline diamond Schottky diodes not only are very stress sensitive but also have good linearity. This study shows polycrystalline diamond Schottky diodes have potential as mechanical sensors.
The Cardiac Health and Assessment of Relationship Management and Sexuality Study (2013)

Perspectives differed both across and within stakeholder groups about current services and the development of future services. A disconnect exists between the service that the professionals perceive they give and that experienced by patients. Sexual assessment and counseling should be addressed more explicitly, and patients should be empowered to seek individual assessment and counseling at a time that is appropriate for them.
Dissociation between macrophage tumoricidal capacity and suppressive activity: analysis with macrophage-defective mouse strains. (1983)

Macrophages (M phi diameter) from three mouse strains with genetically distinct M phi diameter deficits (C3H/HeJ, A/J, and P/J) were unable to develop high cytolytic and cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in vitro when exposed to agents (MAF and IFN-beta) that strongly increased the tumoricidal capacity of M phi diameter from nondefective C3H/HeN mice. Nevertheless, the tumoricidal deficits of M phi diameter from the defective strains did not affect their suppressive capacity on Con A-induced lymphoproliferation, nor their ability to react to IFN-beta by decreasing suppressive activity. In fact, natural suppressive activity and IFN-beta-induced changes in the suppression of M phi diameter from C3H/HeJ, A/J, and P/J mice were highly comparable to those of C3H/HeN M phi diameter, thus stressing the dissociation between the mechanisms governing M phi diameter suppression and M phi diameter tumoricidal activity. Analysis of the modulation by MAF and IFN-beta of M phi diameter ability to release the oxygen metabolites O2- and H2O2, molecules possibly involved in the effector mechanism of both M phi diameter cytotoxicity and suppression, revealed a close correlation with the patterns of suppressive activity in both nondefective and defective strains. In contrast, no correlation between the production of oxygen-reactive species and M phi diameter tumoricidal activity was observed. The ability of MAF- and IFN-beta-treated M phi diameter to produce PGE, a molecule of major importance in M phi diameter-mediated suppression and possibly involved also in the regulation of M phi diameter tumoricidal activity, again paralleled M phi diameter suppressive capacity. Thus, the mechanisms controlling M phi diameter antitumor activity appeared to be clearly distinct from those involved in M phi diameter suppression.
Histologic and immunohistochemical studies on the preparation of white cell‐poor red cell concentrates: the filtration process using three different polyester filters (1991)

Three third-generation white cell (WBC)-depletion filters based on polyester layers with decreasing pore size were investigated. In the coarse layers, unaggregated granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets and aggregates of these cells were captured in close contact with the fibers. This indicates that the depletion of granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets in the coarse layers of the filters is due in part to activation and adhesion with the formation of cell clusters on the fibers. In Filter I and Filter II platelets were not found in the fine layers, whereas in Filter III, 70 percent of the platelets were detected as unaggregated platelets on the fibers of the fine layers. More than 95 percent of the lymphocytes captured in the three filters occurred as single cells in the fine layers, and over 60 percent of these could be recovered. This suggests that the depletion of lymphocytes depended on trapping of the cells in the fiber network. All three filters captured HLA-DR-positive lymphocytes in the top layers, a finding that supports earlier reports that the transfusion of filtered red cell concentrates reduces HLA alloimmunization. More lymphocytes and granulocytes were found in the last layer of Filters II and III than of Filter I. Therefore, the risk of white cell leakage is probably lowest for Filter I. Red cells were found as red cell aggregates in the fine layers of Filters I and II, whereas almost no red cells were detected in Filter III. It was shown that the three filters studied were similar in their removal of WBCs, but differed in their mechanisms of removal.
Spectrometric Characterization of Purified C<sub>60</sub> and C<sub>70</sub> (2024)

C<sub>60</sub> and C<sub>70</sub> were synthesized and purified according to published procedures. Both nanosecond and picosecond laser desorption from coated substrates gave copious positive and negative ions. Mass spectra (TOF and FTMS) with excellent signal to noise, showing only the C<sub>60</sub> and C<sub>70</sub> mass peaks, have been observed. Well-resolved isotopic structure was seen in the FTMS spectra in agreement with the natural abundance of carbon. Laser desorption and multiphoton ionization/photodissociation of the neutral species, as well as electronic absorption, FTIR, and fluorescence spectra, have been obtained.
Genetic analysis of Streptococcus uberis plasminogen activators. (2004)

The high prevalence of PauA alleles in field isolates of S.uberis supported the observation that plasminogen activators are likely to confer an advantage with respect to colonization and growth. The findings of the present study support the theory that PauA plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of S. uberis.
The Association between Cannabis Product Characteristics and Symptom Relief (2019)

Federal barriers and logistical challenges have hindered measurement of the real time effects from the types of cannabis products used medically by millions of patients in vivo. Between 06/06/2016 and 03/05/2018, 3,341 people completed 19,910 self- administrated cannabis sessions using the mobile device software, ReleafApp to record: type of cannabis product (dried whole natural Cannabis flower, concentrate, edible, tincture, topical), combustion method (joint, pipe, vaporization), Cannabis subspecies (C. indica and C. sativa), and major cannabinoid contents (tetrahydrocannabinol, THC; and cannabidiol, CBD), along with real-time ratings of health symptom severity levels, prior-to and immediately following administration, and reported side effects. A fixed effects panel regression approach was used to model the within-user effects of different product characteristics. Patients showed an average symptom improvement of 3.5 (SD = 2.6) on an 11-point scale across the 27 measured symptom categories. Dried flower was the most commonly used product and generally associated with greater symptom relief than other types of products. Across product characteristics, only higher THC levels were independently associated with greater symptom relief and prevalence of positive and negative side effects. In contrast, CBD potency levels were generally not associated with significant symptom changes or experienced side effects.
Humanization of Lepidopteran Insect-Cell-Produced Glycoproteins (2003)

The insect cell-baculovirus expression vector system, widely used for glycoprotein production, is not ideal for pharmaceutical glycoprotein production due to the characteristics of the N-glycans in the expressed products. Insect cells lack several enzymes required for mammalian-type N-glycan synthesis and contain a specific N-acetylglucosaminidase that stunts the growth of chains and a core alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase that yields potentially allergenic glycoforms. Current knowledge on N-glycan processing in lepidopteran insect cells is summarized, and strategies to develop better glycoprotein expression systems suitable for pharmaceutical glycoprotein production are discussed.
The CXCR4/CXCL12 (SDF-1) signalling pathway protects non-obese diabetic mouse from autoimmune diabetes (2007)

Chemokines and their receptors are part of polarized T helper 1 (Th1)- and Th2-mediated immune responses which control trafficking of immunogenic cells to sites of inflammation. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 CXCL-12 (SDF-1) and its ligand the CXCR4 chemokine receptor are important regulatory elements. CXCR4 is expressed on the surface of CD4(+) T cells, dendritic cells and B lymphocytes. Levels of CXCR4 mRNA were increased in pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) of 4-week-old non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice in comparison to Balb/C mice. However, a significant reduction of CXCR4 was noticed at 12 weeks both at the mRNA and protein levels while expression increased in the inflamed islets. The percentage of SDF-1 attracted splenocytes in a transwell chemotaxis assay was significantly increased in NOD versus Balb/c mice. SDF-1 attracted T cells completely abolished the capacity of diabetogenic T cells to transfer diabetes in the recipients of an adoptive cell co-transfer. When T splenocytes from NOD females treated with AMD3100, a specific CXCR4 antagonist, were mixed with diabetogenic T cells during adoptive cell co-transfer experiments, prevalence of diabetes in the recipients rose from 33% to 75% (P < 0.001). This effect was associated with an increase of interferon (IFN)-gamma mRNA and a reduction of interleukin (IL)-4 mRNA levels both in PLNs and isolated islets. AMD3100 also reduced IL-4 and IL-10 production of plate-bound anti-CD3 and anti-CD28-stimulated splenocytes. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that AMD3100 reduced the number of CXCR4(+) and SDF-1 positive cells in the inflamed islets. We can conclude that the CXCL-12/CXCR4 pathway has protective effects against autoimmune diabetes.
Exponential Sums and Lattice Points (1990)

The area A inside a simple closed curve C can be estimated graphically by drawing a square lattice of sides 1/M. The number of lattice points inside C is approximately AM2. If C has continuous non-zero radius of curvature, the number of lattice points is accurate to order of magnitude at most Mα for any α < ⅔. We show that if the radius of curvature of C is continuously differentiate, then the exponent ⅔ may be replaced by 7 11 , extending the result of Iwaniec and Mozzochi [4] in which C was a circle. On the way we obtain results on two-dimensional exponential sums, the average rounding error of the values of a smooth function at equally spaced arguments, and the number of lattice points close to a smooth arc.