gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanically induced anisotropy and its effect on magnetic permeability in single crystal ferrites (1978)

Magnetic anisotropy and initial permeability in worked Mn-Zn and Mn-Fe ferrite single crystals are investigated in connection with the average magnetostriction constant λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> . These data are compared with those obtained for etched specimens. Induced anisotropy is observed for all of the worked specimens and is proportional to λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> , i.e., its origin should be the magnetoelastic energy λσ induced by stress σ remaining in the worked specimens. The ratio of initial permeability, μ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> (as-worked)/μ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> (etched), at room temperature, is found to increase with increasing λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">111</inf> in a low frequency range and to be greater than unity when |λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">111</inf> /λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">100</inf> |> 3. The second peak in μ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> - T curves shifts with lapping to lower temperatures for the specimens with |λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">111</inf> /λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">100</inf> |<3, while to higher temperatures where |λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">111</inf> /λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">100</inf> |<3. Such phenomena are discussed in terms of domain wall energy affected by lapping-induced anisotropy.
Vapor pressure osmometry, Minimum sample microvolumes (1999)

Sample microvolumes as small as 0.8 microl can be collected for accurate and repeatable results with the Wescor 5520 vapor pressure osmometer when a standard deviation of approximately 1% is acceptable. Microvolumes from 0.7 to 0.5 microl may also be used if the expanded spread of data can be offset by multiple repeated readings. Using a 2.0 microl sample volume, the ultimate accuracy and repeatability of the Wescor vapor pressure osmometer was +/-2% at 290 mmol/kg: 99%, of all readings (+/-3 standard deviations) should fall within +/-6 mmol/kg of the true value.
General relations for a phased array of printed antennas derived from infinite current sheets (1985)

Simple and general relations characterizing the behavior of infinite phased arrays of printed antenna elements are derived from a model based on infinite current sheets. The Green's function of an electric current source on a grounded dielectric slab is used in various limiting forms to treat arrays in free space, arrays above a ground plane, arrays on a semi-infinite substrate, and arrays on a grounded dielectric slab. Current sheets are selected, using the orthogonality properties of the Floquet modes of the infinite array Green's function, to excite only a few specific low-order Floquet modes. Results from this idealized model, in the form of reflection coefficient magnitudes and input resistance, are compared with rigorous moment method solutions for specific elements (dipoles and microstrip patches). It is shown how the dominant scanning characteristics of a printed phased array, such as reflection coefficient and input resistance trends, scan blindnesses, and grating lobe effects, are dictated more by factors such as element spacing and substrate parameters than by the particular element type itself.
Automated alignment of chromatographic data (2006)

Abstract This paper focuses on the practical aspects and implications of preprocessing chromatographic data to correct for undesirable time‐shifts. An approach to automate the alignment of chromatographic data based on peak alignment or warping is proposed. This approach deals with selection of the required parameters including selection of reference sample to warp towards, and chooses warping settings based on a new evaluation criterion for goodness of correction. The new criterion aims at quantifying goodness of alignment while at the same time penalising significant shape or area‐changes in the warped peaks. The entire selection procedure is automated using a discrete‐coordinates simplex‐like optimisation routine. Examples with simulated chromatographic data, GC‐FID and HPLC‐Fluorescence measurement series illustrate the potential of using this automated alignment tool. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classical axis-displaced dual-reflector antennas for omnidirectional coverage (2005)

The aim of this work is to discuss the synthesis and performance of classical dual-reflector antennas suited for an omnidirectional coverage. The reflector arrangements are axially symmetric with surfaces of revolution generated by axis-displaced conic sections, established from geometrical-optics (GO) standpoints to achieve omnidirectional radiation characteristics. Closed-form equations are derived for the design of all possible reflector configurations. The vector GO aperture field is also obtained, yielding an approximate analysis by the aperture method. Some pertinent geometrical characteristics and efficiency curves are then presented and discussed for several antenna configurations fed by transverse electromagnetic coaxial horns (for vertical polarization). A practical antenna design is conducted and analyzed by the method-of-moments technique, demonstrating the accuracy of the efficiency analysis yield by the aperture method for moderately large antenna apertures.
1-O-Alkyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholines: a novel class of neutrophil stimulants. (1981)

1-O-Alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine aggregates and degranulates platelets and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Here, the bioactivities of this platelet-activating factor, its 2-O-ethyl, and its 2-lyso derivatives were examined further. Each phospholipid aggregated and degranulated rabbit platelets and neutrophils with relative potencies of about 10,000 1,000, and 1, respectively. For rabbit neutrophils, and 2-O-acetyl compound was active in nanomolar and lower concentrations; required extracellular calcium and magnesium in order to induce aggregation; and required extracellular calcium and cytochlasin B in order to induce optimal degranulation. Furthermore the 2-O-acetyl and 2-O-ethyl compounds, in concentrations about tenfold higher than those required for rabbit neutrophils, aggregated and degranulated human neutrophils. With reference to these human neutrophil responses, degranulation required, and aggregation was dramatically enhanced by, cytochalasin B. The lysoanalog was unable to induce these response in the human cells. Thus, these lipids represent a novel class of neutrophil stimulants that closely resemble certain chemotactic factors (eg, C5a and synthetic oligopeptides) in their ability to aggregate and degranulate neutrophils and in the influences which calcium, magnesium and cytochalasin B have on their bioactions. Because platelet-activating factor circulates in the blood of rabbits and, perhaps, humans during anaphylaxis and is suspected of being involved in other syndromes such as serum sickness, this lipid may have unique biologic significance: it may act to recruit platelets and neutrophils into the lesions of these and similar pathologic syndromes.
Fatal Myocardial Infarction Potentially Induced by Paclitaxel (1996)

Myocardial damage secondary to paclitaxel infusion is a serious and life-threatening adverse effect. Caution should be exercised in all patients treated with paclitaxel until more information regarding risk factors is available.
Navier-Stokes Simulation of Air-Conditioning Facility of a Large Modern Computer Room (2005)

A 3-D full Navier-Stokes simulation of a large scale computing facility at NASA Ames Research center was carried out to assess the adequacy of the existing air handling and conditioning system. The flow simulation of this modern facility was modeled with a viscous, compressible flow solver code OVERFLOW-2 with low Mach number pre-conditioning. A script was created to automate geometry modeling, grid generation, and flow solver input preparation. A new set of air-conditioning boundary conditions was developed and added to the flow solver. Detailed flow visualization was performed to show temperature distribution, air-flow streamlines and velocities in the computer room.
Beyond smile dynamics: Mimicry and beliefs in judgments of smiles. (2011)

The judgment that a smile is based on "true," usually positive, feelings affects social interaction. However, the processes underlying the interpretation of a smile as being more or less genuine are not well understood. The aim of the present research was to test predictions of the Simulation of Smiles Model (SIMS) proposed by Niedenthal, Mermillod, Maringer, and Hess (2010). In addition to the perceptual features that can guide the judgment of a smile as genuine, the model identifies the conditions that the judgments rely on: (a) the embodiment of the facial expression and its corresponding state, and (b) beliefs about the situations in which genuine smiles are most often expressed. Results of two studies are consistent with the model in that they confirm the hypotheses that facial mimicry provides feedback that is used to judge the meaning of a smile, and that beliefs about the situations in which a smile occurs guides such judgments when mimicry is inhibited.
Public disclosure of serostatus -- the impact on HIV-positive people. (2000)

AIDS is steeped in moral judgments about who becomes infected with HIV. Consequently, an AIDS diagnosis inevitably brings with it feelings of shame, guilt, loss, depression, fear of disclosure and some form of self-imposed isolation. Because of the stigma of an HIV-positive diagnosis, people are often reluctant to come forward and be tested, which makes it difficult for them to make informed decisions about their own future and that of their family. Nevertheless, since early in the epidemic, people living with HIV/AIDS have spoken out to present their personal perspectives on living with HIV and to challenge perceptions about who can and cannot become infected. However, there has been little research to explore their role in the global response to AIDS and the impact of public HIV disclosure on the HIV-positive persons themselves.
Surface Area, Pore Volume Distribution, and Acidity in Mesoporous Expanded Clay Catalysts from Hybrid Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Adsorption Microcalorimetry Methods (2002)

A hybrid density functional theory (DFT) method has been used to interpret the data for the adsorption of nitrogen at 77 K within the porous structure of a sample of synthetic saponite expanded with stable SiO2·TiO2 colloidal particles and dried by different methods. Air drying (AD) favor the formation of structures containing both micro- and mesopores. In contrast, drying with supercritical CO2 (SCD) produces mesoporous solids containing only minor amounts of micropores. In SCD samples, the total PV is more than 5 times higher than in AD samples and their structure is hydrothermally stable after a 5-h exposure to 100% steam at 760 °C. Adsorption microcalorimetry experiments with ammonia indicate that the inclusion of SiO2·TiO2 clusters drastically increases the clay total (B + L) acidity; acid site strength and acid site density is greatest in AD samples. Both the BET and BJH methods underestimate the clay catalyst's surface area and only the DFT method yields reliable surface area and pore volume measurements over the entire micro−meso porosity range investigated.
Concurrent Error Detection Methods for Asynchronous Burst-Mode Machines (2007)

Asynchronous controllers exhibit various characteristics that limit the effectiveness and applicability of the concurrent error detection (CED) methods developed for their synchronous counterparts. Asynchronous burst-mode machines (ABMMs), for example, do not have a global clock to synchronize the ABMM with the additional circuitry that is typically used by synchronous CED methods (for example, duplication). Therefore, performing effective CED in ABMMs requires a synchronization method that will appropriately enable the checker (for example, comparator) in order to avoid false alarms. Also, ABMMs contain redundant logic, which guarantees the hazard-free operation required for correct interaction between the circuit and its environment. Redundant logic, however,' allows some single event transients to manifest themselves only as hazards but not as logic discrepancies. Therefore, performing effective CED in ABMMs requires the ability to detect hazards with which synchronous CED methods are not concerned. In this work, we first devise hardware solutions for performing checking synchronization and hazard detection. We then demonstrate how these solutions enable the development of three complete CED methods for ABMMs. The first method (duplication-based CED) is an adaptation of the well-known duplication method within the context of ABMMs. The second method (transition-triggered CED) is a variation of duplication wherein the implementation cost is reduced by allowing hazards in the duplicate circuit. ln contrast to these two methods, which are nonintrusive, the third method (Berger code-based CED) is intrusive since it requires reencoding of the ABMM with check symbols based on the Berger code. Although this intrusiveness may slightly impact performance, Berger code-based CED incurs the lowest area overhead among the three methods, as indicated through experimental results
Reallocation of Empty Personal Rapid Transit Vehicles en Route (2003)

Personal rapid transit (PRT) accommodates groups of passengers that request transport to a desired destination. Empty vehicles need to be moved to stations with waiting passengers or with expected demand. Efficient redistribution of empty vehicles is critical in larger PRT networks, which have running times longer than acceptable waiting times. Previous studies have developed methods for allocating destinations to empty PRT vehicles sequentially as they become available. This study refines the allocation of empty vehicles into three stages. The first stage is essentially the previous sequential allocation. In the second and third stages, empty vehicles en route are reallocated by switching destinations. In the second stage, waiting passengers are allocated the nearest vehicle on the basis of waiting time. In the third stage, the remaining empty vehicles en route are reallocated on the basis of minimum running distance. The optimization problem in the third stage corresponds to the transportation problem, and it is solved approximately by a heuristic method suggested by Russel. Applied to a network with 25 stations, 16 km of guideway, and 200 vehicles, the combined reallocation methods reduced average waiting and the longest wait to about half compared with sequential decisions alone.
Fault detection of univariate non-Gaussian data with Bayesian network (2010)

The purpose of this article is to present a new method for fault detection with Bayesian network. The interest of this method is to propose a new structure of Bayesian network allowing to detect a fault in the case of a non-Gaussian signal. For that, a structure based on Gaussian mixture model is proposed. This particular structure allows to take into account the non-normality of the data. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated on a simple process corrupted by different faults.
A characterization of trees with equal total domination and paired-domination numbers. (2004)

Let G = (V,E) be a graph without isolated vertices. A set S ⊆ V is a total dominating set if every vertex in V is adjacent to at least one vertex in S. A total dominating set S ⊆ V is a paired-dominating set if the induced subgraph G[S] has at least one perfect matching. The paired-domination number γpr(G) is the minimum cardinality of a paired-domination set of G. In this paper, we provide a constructive characterization of those trees with equal total domination and paired-domination numbers, and of those trees for which the paired domination number is twice the matching number. ∗ Research of the first and second authors supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under grant 10101010 and the Young Science Foundation of Shanghai Education Committee under grant 01QN6262. † Research supported in part by the South African National Research Foundation and the University of KwaZulu-Natal. 32 ERFANG SHAN, LIYING KANG AND MICHAEL HENNING
Cyclic Mechanical Stress Induces Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Cultured Chondrocytes via Gene Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Interleukin-1 (1999)

To clarify the mechanism of cartilage degradation induced by mechanical stress, we investigated the influence of cyclic tension force (CTF) on the metabolism of cultured chondrocytes. The chondrocytes were exposed to CTF using a Flexercell strain unit. Five or 15 kPa of high frequency CTF significantly inhibited the syntheses of DNA, proteoglycan, collagen, and protein. Fifteen kPa of high frequency CTF induced the expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 mRNA, and increased the production of pro- and active-MMP-9. The degradation of proteoglycan was inhibited by and MMP inhibitor, indicating that MMPs are involved in the degradation of proteoglycans induced by high frequency CTF. Moreover, reducing the frequency of CTF from high to low decreased the inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis. These findings suggest that the CTF frequency is one of the key determinants of chondrocyte metabolism. Low magnitude CTF, whether high or low frequency, did not cause the gene expression of cartilage degradation factors, suggesting that this CTF magnitude causes only minor changes in the cartilage matrix. High magnitude and frequency CTF caused the gene expression of IL-1 and MMP-9, followed by increases in the production of MMP-2 and -9 proteins, suggesting that excessive and continuous cyclic mechanical stress induces the production of IL-1 and MMP-9, resulting in cartilage degradation.
Characterization and Polyelectrolyte Precipitation of β‐Galactosidase Containing Genetic Fusions of Charged Polypeptides (1994)

Genetically engineered versions of beta-galactosidase were constructed through the addition of charged polypeptide fusion tails for the purpose of enhancing polyelectrolyte precipitation. Negatively charged aspartic acid tails and positively charged poly(arginine) tails were added to beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. These fusion proteins were all shown to possess specific activity equal to that of the native enzyme. Gel permeation and ion-exchange chromatography provided evidence concerning the integrity of the tails as well as their altered charge characteristics. All enzymes containing charged tails displayed enhanced polyelectrolyte precipitation over the native enzyme. An optimal number of charged residues, beyond which no further enhancement of precipitation was observed, was found to be approximately 10 residues for each type of tail. No interference from nucleic acids was observed in the precipitation of positively tailed beta-galactosidase.
Reticulated platelets predict platelet count recovery following chemotherapy (2002)

This noninvasive, rapid, whole-blood assay of stress thrombopoiesis provides reproducible indices for timing platelet recovery following chemotherapy and the potential to optimize the use of prophylactic platelet transfusions in chemotherapy patients.
A Radio Frequency Sensor For Measurement Of Small Dielectric Property Changes (2012)

Abstract We propose a sensitive radio frequency (RF) sensor for the measurement of small dielectric property changes. Interference is used to cancel parasitic background signals to improve sensitivity. The device consists of two Wilkinson power dividers, a 180 degree reversephase and an in-phase CPW (coplanar waveguide)-slotline back-toback balun. The small dielectric property changes between de-ionize water and two sets of primary alcohol-water mixtures with different concentrations in terms of molar fractions are measured with clear sensing and identification. The sensor offers almost thirteen times greater sensitivity than conventional transmission lines. Experimental results also show that the lowest detection limit for the molarity of primary alcohol is about 0.25% across the sensitive sensor. Compared with microwave soil moisture sensors the proposed RF device is more sensitive.
Being inside the image: heightening the sense of presence in a video captured environment through artistic means (2008)

This paper explores the use of omni-directional video, a high- impact immersive medium, by a performance group and multi-disciplinary team of artists and scientists. CREW develops artistic strategies from and for this technology that lead to unprecedented levels of presence and intimacy as well as novel ways of mixing and experiencing different levels of reality. We argue that sensorial deprivation is a key element in creating a sense of presence in a video-captured world and use synaesthetic negociation as a concept to describe our tendency to unify the different sensorial stimuli to a coherent and meaningful experience. In reconfiguring the overall sensory, mixing physical stimuli with live and prerecorded stimuli, different levels of reality seem to blur, opening up the embodied experience of a transitional environment. Although these findings were not derived from a scientific research set-up in the traditional sense, we argue that the artistic practice as performed in close collaboration with scientists offer particular insights to the research on presence.
FIGHT-Metric (2014)

To address the concern that a complete detection scheme for effective hardware Trojan identification is lacking, we have designed an RTL security metric in order to evaluate the quality of IP cores (with the same or similar functionality) and counter Trojan attacks at the pre-fabrication stages of the IP design flow. The proposed security metric is constructed on top of two criteria, from which a quantitative security value can be assigned to the target circuit: 1) Distribution of controllability; 2) Existence of rare events. The proposed metric, called FIGHT, is an automated tool whereby malicious modifications to ICs and/or the vulnerability of the IP core can be identified, by monitoring both internal node controllability and the corresponding control value distribution plotted as a histogram. Experimentation on an RS232 module was performed to demonstrate our dual security criteria and proved security degradation to the IP module upon hardware Trojan insertion.