gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Ovarian Cancer and Cisplatin Resistance: Possible Role of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins<sup>1</sup> (2001)

The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) constitutes a family of highly conserved apoptosis suppressor proteins that were originally identified in baculoviruses. Although IAP homologs have recently been demonstrated to suppress apoptosis in mammalian cells, their expression and role in human ovarian epithelial cancer and chemotherapy resistance are unknown. In the present study we used cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant human ovarian surface epithelial (hOSE) cancer cell lines and adenoviral antisense and sense complementary DNA expression to examine the role of IAP in the regulation of apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells and chemoresistance. Antisense down-regulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (Xiap), but not human inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 (Hiap-2), induced apoptosis in cisplatin-sensitive and, to a lesser extent, in -resistant cells. Cisplatin consistently decreased Xiap content and induced apoptosis in the cisplatin-sensitive, but not cisplatin-resistant, cells. Hiap-2 expression was either unaffected or inhibited to a lesser extent. The inhibition of IAP protein expression and induction of apoptosis by cisplatin was time and concentration dependent. Infection of cisplatin-sensitive cells with adenoviral sense Xiap complementary DNA resulted in overexpression of Xiap and markedly attenuated the ability of cisplatin to induce apoptosis. Immunohistochemical localization of the IAPs in hOSE tumors demonstrated the presence of Xiap and Hiap-2, with their levels being highest in proliferative, but not apoptotic, epithelial cells. These studies indicate that Xiap is an important element in the control of ovarian tumor growth and may be a point of regulation for cisplatin in the induction of apoptosis. These results suggest that the ability of cisplatin to down-regulate Xiap content may be an important determinant of chemosensitivity in hOSE cancer.
A 2000 V-non-punch-through-IGBT with dynamical properties like a 1000 V-IGBT (2002)

A 2000-V IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor) based on the simple concept of the non-punch-through IGBT is presented. The devices were processed on bulk silicon material without any lifetime-killing steps. On-state voltage and turn-off losses are nearly the same as for 1000-V IGBTs. The forward-bias safe-operating area of the devices is a rectangle up to 1800 V; no latchup occurs up to the short-circuit saturation current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic modelling and analysis of a wind turbine with variable speed (1986)

On behalf of the operation of the Dutch National Wind Farm, which is under construction now, a\nstudy is being performed on the control system design of variable speed wind turbines. To realize\nthis a non-linear dynamic model of a wind turbine with synchronous generator and AC/ DC/AC conversion has been set up, which is presented here. The specific dynamic coupling between generator and DC link results in an implicit set of equations. By using an expression for the load angle of the generator the model is made explicit, which makes it suitable for further analysis.\nWith non-linear simulations and eigenvalue-analysis it is shown that the wind turbine has very fast\nas well as very slow dynamics. There is also a slightly damped oscillation.\nUsing a linear input-output model the interaction has been investigated. Though speed and direct\ncurrent are stationary decoupled, there is a large amount of dynamic interaction between them.\nControl systems have to take this interaction into account.
Digital Fountains + P2P for Future IPTV Platforms: A Test-Bed Evaluation (2011)

The opportunities laid by the joint use of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) streaming systems and advanced Digital Fountain (DF) codes in the context of Internet Protocol TeleVision (IPTV) platforms have set high expectations for their combined use. P2P streaming strategies, on one hand, have proven to be able to increase the bandwidth efficiency and the consequent scalability of IPTV platforms. DFs, on the other, have found a potential role in improving the bandwidth efficiency and the robustness to high peer churn rates of P2P streaming systems. However, given the complexity of both of such systems and the unexpected possible outputs that may result from their interaction, an effective assessment of their performances requires the design and setup of real world test-beds. In this article we describe the results deriving from a set of experiments performed on a P2P streaming test-bed that integrates DFs. The most prominent result of this experimentation campaign is that DFs do not provide notable improvements to a BitTorrent-based network of limited size, while as the network scales beyond a given size, it is possible to observe important advantages. This work, and, in particular, assessing when the use of DFs can be beneficial, can influence the devise of future IPTV service architecture which could be based on such technologies. We believe this represents a relevant contribution to understanding important aspects of the joint utilization of peer-to-peer multimedia streaming strategies and advanced digital fountain techniques.
The Kaolin Minerals. By C. S. Ross, and P. F. Kerr. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 165E. pp. 151–76. 1931. (1932)

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Monogenic Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Sunflowers<sup>1</sup> (1974)

Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) inbred lines ‘HA 89,’ ‘HA 124,’ and ‘P‐21 VRI’ and their F l hybrids were highly resistant to Verticillium wilt under field conditions. Segregation ratios from testcross and F 2 populations indicated the presence of a single dominant gene for resistance in each line. Intercrosses among the resistant lines showed that the same gene conditioned resistance in the three lines.
Cellular and molecular studies in the treatment of murine renal cancer. (1995)

Antigen-nonspecific approaches to the use of BRMs for cancer treatment have resulted in only limited success to date. In particular, the use of large numbers of adoptively transferred, broadly cytotoxic LAK cells in combination with IL-2 has been effective for only small subsets of cancer patients. Recent demonstrations of T-lymphocyte-mediated antigen-specific responses against some human tumors, and the more potent effects of these cells in preclinical models, have refocused much of the dialogue for biological therapy to potentiation of T-lymphocyte-mediated antitumor effects. Our studies are using the well-characterized Renca murine renal cancer model to study the induction of antitumor T-lymphocyte-mediated responses, the mechanisms by which positive effects are achieved, and the reasons why T lymphocytes in tumor-bearing mice may not respond as predicted. One possible reason why T-lymphocyte responses may not be triggered easily by tumors could be an impairment of critical nuclear transcription factors. We also are studying two approaches for stimulating T-cells in tumor-conditioned hosts. (1) We have shown that IL-7 has potent costimulatory effects on T cells as well as some antitumor effects. (2) We are developing a comprehensive vaccine-type gene therapy approach whereby T cells and antigen-presenting dendritic cells are recruited through the use of antigen, chemokines and GM-CSF. Studies are in progress to determine whether the activity of these recruited cells can then be potentiated by Renca or fibroblast transfectants that express T-cell costimulatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, or IL-12). This approach should optimize both MHC class I- and class II-dependent pathways for induction of T-lymphocyte-mediated responses to cancer, and perhaps overcome tumor-induced impairments in the T lymphocyte function.
Direct Selection of <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> Fermentation Mutants by a Proton Suicide Method (1990)

Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 10132 mutants altered in acetic acid synthesis or in the shift to solventogenesis were directly selected by a proton suicide method after mutagenic treatment, by using bromide and bromate as selective agents. The mutants were characterized according to their solvent and acid production. On the selection plates they differed in colony phenotype from the parent strain.
A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 4-HYDROXYINDOLE VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATIVE C–C COUPLING (1980)

Abstract 4-Hydroxyindole (1a), a useful intermediate for Pindolol (1b), has been prepared via electrooxidative coupling of 1,3-cyclohexadione with ethyl vinyl ether followed by ammonolysis and dehydrogenation.
An Antiestrogen-responsive Estrogen Receptor-α Mutant (D351Y) Shows Weak AF-2 Activity in the Presence of Tamoxifen (2000)

Antiestrogens, including tamoxifen and raloxifene, block estrogen receptor (ER) action by blocking the interactions of an estrogen-dependent activation function (AF-2) with p160 coactivators. Although tamoxifen does show some agonist activity in the presence of ERalpha, this stems from a distinct constitutive activation function (AF-1) that lies within the ERalpha N terminus. Previous studies identified a naturally occurring mutation (D351Y) that allows ERalpha to perceive tamoxifen and raloxifene as estrogens. Here, we examine the contributions of ERalpha activation functions to the D351Y phenotype. We find that the AF-2 function of ERalpha D351Y lacks detectable tamoxifen-dependent activity when tested in isolation but does synergize with AF-1 to allow enhanced tamoxifen response. Weak tamoxifen-dependent interactions between the ERalpha D351Y AF-2 function and GRIP1, a representative p160, can be detected in glutathione S-transferase binding assays and mammalian two-hybrid assays. Furthermore, tamoxifen-dependent AF-2 activity can be detected in the presence of ERalpha D351Y and high levels of overexpressed GRIP1. We therefore propose that the D351Y mutation allows weak tamoxifen-dependent AF-2 activity but that this activity is only detectable when AF-1 is strong, and AF-1 and AF-2 synergize, or when p160s are overexpressed. We discuss the possible structural basis of this effect.
[Efficacy of local immunosuppression with intraportal administration of cyclosporine in liver transplantation]. (1995)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of local immunosuppression with intraportal administration of cyclosporine (CsA) in liver transplantation. Mongrel dogs weighing 12-18kg were used. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed, and animals were divided to the following groups. Group I (n = 7): no treatment, group II (n = 7): CsA 5mg/kg/day intermittent iv, group III (n = 5): CsA 3mg/kg/day continuous iv and group IV (n = 8): CsA 3mg/kg/day continuous portal infusion. Immunosuppressive treatments were carried out for two weeks postransplant. Median survival time (MST) of group IV was significantly prolonged (MST = 18 days, range 10-85 days; p < 0.025) compared with group I (7 days, range 6-13), group II (10 days, range 7-16) and group III (7 days, range 6-10). Data of blood chemical analyses showed that hepatic dysfunction was significantly diminished in group IV compared with other groups (p < 0.05). Blood concentration of CsA on the 5th day (mean +/- SEM) was significantly lower in group IV (238 +/- 22ng/ml) than in group III (438 +/- 113ng/ml). Histologic findings showed that rejection reaction was effectively suppressed in group IV, although SG2M% (mean +/- SEM) of peripheral mononuclear cells of group IV (10.6 +/- 3.3%) was equal to that of group III (11.3 +/- 1.7%). In conclusion, local immunosuppression could achieve prominent effect in preventing hepatic graft rejection with limited systemic immunosuppression.
Cardiolipin liposomes sequester a reactivatable partially folded rhodanese intermediate (1992)

The interaction was studied between the mitochondrial enzyme thiosulfate sulfurtransferase and liposomes, in the form of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), prepared from either cardiolipin (CL), PtdCho or PtdSer. At equivalent concentrations of lipid, more partially folded thiosulfate sulfurtransferase bound to CL/LUV than to PtdSer/LUV, and only traces were bound to PtdCho/LUV. Native thiosulfate sulfurtransferase did not bind to any of these LUV. We show that CL/LUV-sequestered thiosulfate sulfurtransferase is inactive but may be reactivated (approximately 56%) with the aid of detergents, thiosulfate, beta-mercaptoethanol and phosphate buffer. Reactivations in the presence of PtdSer/LUV or PtdCho/LUV was only 9% or 1%, respectively. Analysis of the complex by protease digestion and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that thiosulfate sulfurtransferase was held by CL/LUV and PtdSer/LUV as a folding intermediate. Data presented here suggest that detergents may not interact directly with the protein, but, rather, their primary role in reactivation is to disrupt the LUV, allowing flexibility to the anchored thiosulfate sulfurtransferase molecule, thereby promoting folding. These studies complement other reports which imply a possible role for CL in protein translocation across the mitochondria, since we find that CL binds to thiosulfate sulfurtransferase and sequesters it in a translocation-competent prefolded conformation, which may readily lead to a correctly folded enzyme.
Optimization and dataflow algorithms for nested tree queries (1989)

The SQL language allows useIs to express queries that have nested subqueries in them. Optimization of nested queries has received considerable attention over the last few years. Most of the previous optimization work has assumed that at most one block is nested within any given block. The solutions presented iu the literature for the general case (where an arbitrary number of blocks are nested within a block) have either been incorrect or have dealt with a restricted sub& of queries. The two main contributions of this paper are:. (1) optimization strategies for queries that have an arbitrary number of blocks nested within any given block, and (2) a new dataflow algoritbm for the execution of nested queries, involving one or more outer joins, in a multi-processor environment such as the one found in GAMMA. The new algorithm cuts down on message and CPU costs over conventional datiow algorithms.
A 0.05 μm-CMOS with ultra shallow source/drain junctions fabricated by 5 keV ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing (2002)

A 0.05 /spl mu/m-PMOSFET has been fabricated for the first time, together with a 0.05 /spl mu/m-NMOSFET. For this process, ultra shallow source/drain junctions were developed on the basis of 5 keV ion implantation technology and rapid thermal annealing. The short channel effect was suppressed and Gm max reaches 460 mS/mm for NMOS and 380 mS/mm for PMOS. The delay time per stage of unloaded CMOS inverter is 13.1 psec at the supply voltage of 1.5 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Class of Cationic Protein Polymers for Multivalent Display and Biomaterial Applications (2009)

Monodisperse protein polymers engineered by biosynthetic techniques are well suited to serve as a basis for creating comb-like polymer architectures for biomaterial applications. We have developed a new class of linear, cationic, random-coil protein polymers designed to act as scaffolds for multivalent display. These polymers contain evenly spaced lysine residues that allow for chemical or enzymatic conjugation of pendant functional groups. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and turbidity experiments have confirmed that these proteins have a random coil structure and are soluble up to at least 65 degrees C. Cell viability assays suggest these constructs are nontoxic in solution up to a concentration of 100 microM. We have successfully attached a small bioactive peptide, a peptoid-peptide hybrid, a poly(ethylene glycol) polymer, and a fluorophore to the protein polymers by chemical or enzymatic coupling, demonstrating their suitability to serve as multivalent scaffolds in solutions or as gels.
Measurement of GaAs field-effect transistor electronic impulse response by picosecond optical electronics (1981)

Direct time-resolved measurements of the linear and nonlinear electronic impulse response of a high-speed gallium arsenide metal semiconductor field-effect transistor have been made by using picosecond optical pulses to drive high-speed photoconducting electronic pulse generators and sampling gates. High resolution, jitter-free measurements with excellent signal-to-noise showed the field-effect transistor to have a fast full width at half-maximum response of approximately 25 ps, and a slower fall time of 75 ps.
Synthesis of Cs2AgSbCl6 and improved optoelectronic properties of Cs2AgSbCl6/TiO2 heterostructure driven by the interface effect for lead-free double perovskites solar cells (2017)

Double perovskites Cs2AgSbCl6 have been synthesized via the solution state for applications as a promising photovoltaic absorber. Considering TiO2 as an electron transport layer (ETL), Cs2AgSbCl6/TiO2 heterojunction nanoparticles have also been prepared by the hydrothermal process to study the interface effect. Experimental measurements show that Cs2AgSbCl6 has a cubic structure with the lattice constant of 10.699 Å. The absorption peaks in the optical spectrum of the Ag and Sb-based double perovskites agree well with our density functional theory calculations. The Cs2AgSbCl6/TiO2 heterostructure exhibits enhanced optical absorption in the visible-light region compared to that of Cs2AgSbCl6, which is caused by the formation of the interface states and the decreased bandgap, thus facilitating the photo-induced optical transition in the visible-light region. From the charge transfer analysis of two interfaces (Ag2Sb2Cl8/TiO2 and Cs4Cl4/TiO2 interfaces), we find that the efficient separation of photo-induced carriers can be achieved at the Cs4Cl4/TiO2 interface, with electron flowing from the double perovskite layer to the TiO2 ETL, which is beneficial for improving the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. The combined study of theory and experiments indicates that the double perovskites Cs2AgSbCl6 would be a promising light-absorbing material in contact with TiO2 for the lead-free perovskite-based solar cell devices.
Maintenance of Epigenetic Information (2016)

The genome is subject to a diverse array of epigenetic modifications from DNA methylation to histone posttranslational changes. Many of these marks are somatically stable through cell division. This article focuses on our knowledge of the mechanisms governing the inheritance of epigenetic marks, particularly, repressive ones, when the DNA and chromatin template are duplicated in S phase. This involves the action of histone chaperones, nucleosome-remodeling enzymes, histone and DNA methylation binding proteins, and chromatin-modifying enzymes. Last, the timing of DNA replication is discussed, including the question of whether this constitutes an epigenetic mark that facilitates the propagation of epigenetic marks.
Transcanal endoscopic management of cholesteatoma (2013)

A detailed and comprehensive discussion of transcanal endoscopic management of cholesteatoma is presented. After a presentation of the anatomy of the area, the rationale, advantages and limitations, technique, and long-term results of each technique are presented. A case presentation follows each technique. Techniques presented are: endoscopic transcanal management of limited cholesteatoma, endoscopic open cavity management of cholesteatoma, and expanded transcanal access to middle ear and petrous apex. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
Switched reluctance motor drives (2019)

Chapter Contents: 8.1 Principle of switched reluctance motor 8.1.1 Operation of SRM 8.1.1.1 Excitation characteristics 8.1.1.2 Torque generation 8.1.2 Characteristics of SRM 8.2 Design of switched reluctance motor 8.2.1 Selection of pole 8.2.2 Selection of phase number 8.2.3 Dimensions and parameters 8.3 Control of switched reluctance motor 8.3.1 Power converter 8.3.2 Switching angle control 8.3.2.1 Fixed angle control 8.3.2.2 Advanced angle control 8.3.2.3 Switch-off angle control 8.3.3 Current control 8.3.3.1 Single pulse control 8.3.3.2 Chopping control 8.3.3.3 Hysteresis control 8.3.4 Direct torque control 8.4 Modeling of switched reluctance motor 8.4.1 Equivalent circuit 8.4.2 Current waveform representation 8.4.3 Torque waveform representation 8.4.4 SRM control system 8.4.5 Example designs of control scheme 8.5 Emerging applications 8.5.1 Home appliances 8.5.1.1 Vacuum cleaner 8.5.1.2 Food blender 8.5.2 Industrial applications 8.5.2.1 Air blower 8.5.2.2 Hammer breaker 8.5.3 Electric vehicle application 8.5.3.1 Traction motor 8.5.3.2 Electric supercharger 8.6 Summary List of symbols Glossary of terms References Inspec keywords: reluctance motor drives; control system synthesis; machine control; torque; power convertors Other keywords: power converter; switched reluctance motor drives; electrical drives; controller design; SRM design method; rotating magnetic field; control method; reluctance torque Subjects: Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus; Power electronics, supply and supervisory circuits; Drives; Synchronous machines; Control of electric power systems; Control system analysis and synthesis methods
Formulation development of oral controlled release tablets of hydralazine: Optimization of drug release and bioadhesive characteristics (2009)

The current study involves development of oral bioadhesive hydrophilic matrices of hydralazine hydrochloride, and optimization of their in vitro drug release profile and ex vivo bioadhesion against porcine gastric mucosa. A 32 central composite design was employed to systematically optimize the drug delivery formulations containing two polymers, viz., carbomer and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. Response surface plots were drawn and optimum formulations were selected by brute force searches. Validation of the formulation optimization study indicated a very high degree of prognostic ability. The study successfully undertook the development of an optimized once-a-day formulation of hydralazine with excellent bioadhesive and controlled release characteristics.
Complementary Semiconducting Polymer Blends for Efficient Charge Transport (2015)

Charge transport in polymeric thin films is a complicated process, which involves a multitude of coupled electronic events. Because of the growing appeal of semiconducting polymers in organic electronics, it makes the fundamental understanding of charge transport increasingly important. On the other hand, it urges the solution of the processability problem, frequently associated with high-performance polymers. In this study, we introduce complementary semiconducting polymer blends (c-SPBs), aiming to provide solutions for both the fundamental understanding of charge transport and the processability problem. The c-SPBs contain a highly crystalline matrix polymer with intentionally placed conjugation-break spacers (CBSs) along the polymer backbone, thus eliminating intrachain transport, and a tie chain polymer that is a fully conjugated polymer, restoring intrachain transport by connecting π-crystalline aggregates in the matrix polymer. The results show that the addition of as little as 1 wt % tie chain polymer into the matrix polymer induces a nearly 2 order of magnitude improvement in charge carrier mobility from ∼0.015 to 1.14 cm2 V–1 s–1, accompanied by substantial lowering of activation energies from 100.1 to 64.6 meV. The morphological characterizations and electrical measurements confirm that tie chains are able to build the connectivity between crystalline aggregates, leading to efficient charge transport in the polymer blend films. Furthermore, this study suggests that c-SPBs can be a new platform for designing high-mobility electronic materials with enhanced solution processability for future organic electronics.