gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AnyBoard: an FPGA-based, reconfigurable system (1992)

AnyBoard, a low-cost, field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based, reconfigurable rapid-prototyping system is described. The system hardware organization and software tools that help users automatically map designs to the FPGAs and manage the design process are discussed. The implementation of a pattern generator design is presented to illustrate the system's effectiveness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
INCREASE IN OXYTOCIN SECRETION AT EJACULATION IN MALE (1980)

In this study changes in plasma oxytocin levels were determined before and after ejaculation in patients with abnormal spermatogenesis. Plasma oxytocin levels rose significantly after ejaculation (P < 0.001, n = 17). There was no obvious correlation between plasma oxytocin levels and sperm count, sperm motility or the number of abnormal forms. Oxytocin may play a role in the precipitation of ejaculation in males.
Clustering Techniques for Minimizing External Path Length (1996)

There are a variety of main-memory access structures, such as segment trees, and quad trees, whose properties, such as good worst-case behaviour, make them attractive for database applications. Unfortunately, the structures are typically 'long and skinny', whereas disk data structures must be 'short-and-fat' (that is, have a high fanout and low height) in order to minimize I/O. We consider how to cluster the nodes (that is, map the nodes to disk pages) of main-memory access structures such that although a path may traverse many nodes, it only traverses a few disk pages. The number of disk pages traversed in a path is called the external path length. We address several versions of the clustering problem. We present a clustering algorithm for tree structures that generates optimal worst-case external path length mappings; we also show how to make it dynamic, to support updates. We extend the algorithm to generate mappings that minimize the average weighted external path lengths. We also show that some other clustering problems, such as finding optimal external path lengths for DAG structures and minimizing weights for optimal height mappings, are NP-complete. We present heuristics for these problems. We present a performance study (using quadtrees on actual image data as an example) which shows that our algorithms perform well. Our algorithms can also be applied for clustering complex objects in object-oriented databases.
Omnidirectionally Stretchable and Transparent Graphene Electrodes (2016)

Stretchable and transparent electrodes have been developed for applications in flexible and wearable electronics. For customer-oriented practical applications, the electrical and optical properties of stretchable electrodes should be independent of the directions of the applied stress, and such electrodes are called omnidirectionally stretchable electrodes. Herein, we report a simple and cost-effective approach for the fabrication of omnidirectionally stretchable and transparent graphene electrodes with mechanical durability and performance reliability. The use of a Fresnel lens-patterned electrode allows multilayered graphene sheets to achieve a concentric circular wavy structure, which is capable of sustaining tensile strains in all directions. The as-prepared electrodes exhibit high optical transparency, low sheet resistance, and reliable electrical performances under various deformation (e.g., bending, stretching, folding, and buckling) conditions. Furthermore, computer simulations have also been carried out to investigate the response of a Fresnel lens-patterned structure on the application of mechanical stresses. This study can be significant in a large variety of potential applications, ranging from stretchable devices to electronic components in various wearable integrated systems.
VL:VH domain rotations in engineered antibodies: Crystal structures of the Fab fragments from two murine antitumor antibodies and their engineered human constructs (1997)

The crystal structures of two pairs of Fab fragments have been determined. The pairs comprise both a murine and an engineered human form, each derived from the antitumor antibodies A5B7 and CTM01. Although antigen specificity is maintained within the pairs, antigen affinity varies. A comparison of the hypervariable loops for each pair of antibodies shows their structure has been well maintained in grafting, supporting the canonical loop model. Detailed structural analysis of the binding sites and domain arrangements for these antibodies suggests the differences in antigen affinity observed are likely to be due to inherent flexibility of the hypervariable loops and movements at the VL:VH domain interface. The four structures provide the first opportunity to study in detail the effects of protein engineering on specific antibodies.
The Cleaning Effects of  HF  ‐  HNO 3 ‐  H 2 O 2 System (1995)

We have studied the characteristics of the mixture of , , and chemicals called the controlled slight etch (CSE) solution as an effective wafer cleaning solution. The silicon etch rate in the CSE solution was not dependent on concentration of the solution, while that in a mixture of and was linearly dependent on concentration. The CSE solution reduced the surface concentrations of Fe and Cu ions below a concentration of on the intentionally contaminated wafers and suppressed average surface microroughness increase in comparison to slight etch (SE) solution. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the CSE cleaning does not leave chemical oxide on the surface. The average breakdown field for the CSE‐cleaned sample was . We explained the etching mechanism that the species in the CSE solution slows down the rate of oxidation reaction of the silicon wafer by interrupting autocatalytic reaction of .
Reactions of Nitroparaffins. II. Addition of Nitroparaffins to Unsaturated Esters (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Nitroparaffins. II. Addition of Nitroparaffins to Unsaturated EstersMilton C. KloetzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 11, 3571–3576Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01191a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01191a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical conductivity of sweat: a simple diagnostic test in children. (1963)

A practical and simple method for measuring conductivity of sweat has been described. A close correlation was found between the results from 367 patients tested by the routine Pilocarpine iontophoresis method with chemical determinations of the chloride, sodium, and potassium in sweat eluted from pads and by the described conductivity method. The high conductivity values noted in 40 patients with cystic fibrosis serve to distinguish these patients from all others. Only one patient given a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis gave a conductitvity scale reading of less than 100. Although this is a semi-quantitative method, it could serve a useful purpose in the small laboratory where technicians experienced in the performance of the quantitative sweat tests are not available. Standardization of equipment is essential, as is constant checking by using standard test solutions. When borderline values are encountered by the conductivity method with values between 80 and 100 scale units, quantitative electrolyte determinations may also yield borderline concentrations and are the determinations we recommend. Age is a factor in interpretation of the conductivity of sweat, as the values increase with age in parallel with the sweat electrolyte concentration. In small infants, especially those malnourished or dehydrated, one may encounter some difficulty in obtaining an adequate sweat specimen.
Phase I Trial of Sorafenib in Combination with IFN α-2a in Patients with Unresectable and/or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma or Malignant Melanoma (2007)

This sorafenib combination was well tolerated, with preliminary antitumor activity in advanced RCC and melanoma patients. There were no drug-drug interactions and the recommended dose for future studies is sorafenib 400 mg twice daily plus IFN 9 MIU.
High-Tc Multilayer Magnetometers with Improved l/f Noise (1995)

We have fabricated three types of high T, magnetometers using a YBa2Cu307.x-SrTi03-YBa2Cu307~x multilayer process: multiturn flux transformers coupled to single layer dc SQUIDs in a flip-chip arrangement, multiturn flw transformers integrated with dc SQUIDs, and multiloop magnetometers (fractional turn SQUIDs). The magnetic field noise of the best flipchip magnetometer was 74 ffHz-l at 1Hz and 31 fTHz-l12 at 1kHz. The magnetic field noise of the multiloop magnetometer, measured in a YBCO tube, was 37 ffHz-l at 1 Hz and 18fTHz112 at 1kHz. I. INTRODU~ION
Characterization of the stabilizing effect of point mutations of pyruvate oxidase from lactobacillus plantarum: Protection of the native state by modulating coenzyme binding and subunit interaction (1992)

Point mutations in the gene of pyruvate oxidase from Lactobacillus plantarum, with proline residue 178 changed to serine, serine 188 to asparagine, and alanine 458 to valine, as well as a combination of the three single point mutations, lead to a significant functional stabilization of the protein. The enzyme is a tetrameric flavoprotein with tightly bound cofactors, FAD, TPP, and divalent metal ions. Thus, stabilization may be achieved either at the level of tertiary or quaternary interactions, or by enhanced cofactor binding. In order to discriminate between these alternatives, unfolding, dissociation, and cofactor binding of the mutant proteins were analyzed. The point mutations do not affect the secondary and tertiary structure, as determined by circular dichroism and protein fluorescence. Similarly, the amino acid substitutions neither modulate the enzymatic properties of the mutant proteins nor do they stabilize the structural stability of the apoenzymes. This holds true for both the local and the global structure with unfolding transitions around 2.5 M and 5 M urea, respectively. On the other hand, deactivation of the holoenzyme (by urea or temperature) is significantly decreased. The most important stabilizing effect is caused by the Ala-Val exchange in the C-terminal domain of the molecule. Its contribution is close to the value observed for the triple mutant, which exhibits maximum stability, with a shift in the thermal transition of ca. 10 degrees C. The effects of the point mutations on FAD binding and subunit association are interconnected. Because FAD binding is linked to oligomerization, the stability of the mutant apoenzyme-FAD complexes is increased. Accordingly, mutants with maximum apparent FAD binding exhibit maximum stability. Analysis of the quaternary structure of the mutant enzymes in the absence and in the presence of coenzymes gives clear evidence that both improved ligand binding and subunit interactions contribute to the observed thermal stabilization.
Interferon-stimulated transcription: isolation of an inducible gene and identification of its regulatory region. (1986)

A human gene (termed ISG-54K) that is induced from near undetectable levels to high transcriptional activity by alpha- and beta-interferons has been cloned. The genomic structure and nucleotide sequence of the coding region were determined and the RNA initiation site was identified. The 5' portion of the gene was fused with a heterologous gene lacking an active promoter in recombinant plasmid and adenoviral vectors. These fusion genes were used to assess the activity of the ISG-54K promoter in response to interferon. RNA was formed in HeLa cells from recombinant plasmids only in response to interferon. Furthermore, in human diploid fibroblasts, infection with the recombinant adenovirus vector resulted in a 50-fold increase in specific RNA in response to interferon, followed by a subsequent decrease, imitating the natural regulated transcriptional cycle of the endogenous gene.
Lossy Joint Source-Channel Coding Using Raptor Codes (2008)

The straightforward application of Shannon's separation principle may entail a significant suboptimality in practical systems with limited coding delay and complexity. This is particularly evident when the lossy source code is based on entropy-coded quantization. In fact, it is well known that entropy coding is not robust to residual channel errors. In this paper, a joint source-channel coding scheme is advocated that combines the advantages and simplicity of entropy-coded quantization with the robustness of linear codes. The idea is to combine entropy coding and channel coding into a single linear encoding stage. If the channel is symmetric, the scheme can asymptotically achieve the optimal rate-distortion limit. However, its advantages are more clearly evident under finite coding delay and complexity. The sequence of quantization indices is decomposed into bitplanes, and each bitplane is independently mapped onto a sequence of channel coded symbols. The coding rate of each bitplane is chosen according to the bitplane conditional entropy rate. The use of systematic raptor encoders is proposed, in order to obtain a continuum of coding rates with a single basic encoding algorithm. Simulations show that the proposed scheme can outperform the separated baseline scheme for finite coding length and comparable complexity and, as expected, it is much more robust to channel errors in the case of channel capacity mismatch.
A novel configuration for coproducing transportation fuels and power from coal and natural gas (1998)

The US Department of Energy and Mitretek Systems have evolved and evaluated a concept that combines the use of gas and coal for the highly efficient production of electric power and high quality transportation fuels. In its simplest form, this coproduction cofeed (CoCo) concept consists of diverting coal-derived synthesis gas from the combined cycle power block of an Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) unit to a slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis reactor. The unreacted synthesis gas from the F-T reactor, and imported natural gas are then combusted in the downstream combined cycle power generation unit. Combining processes in this manner accomplishes the equivalent of natural gas to liquid synthesis while eliminating the conversion losses associated with the production of synthesis gas from natural gas. The paper discusses the benefits of coproduction.
Noise and error rate performance of semiconductor laser amplifiers in PCM-IM optical transmission systems (1980)

Applications of semiconductor laser amplifiers in intensity modulated digital optical transmission systems were studied theoretically. An optical linear amplifier repeater between electronically regenerating terminal repeaters and an optical linear preamplifier in front of a photodetector in an electronically regenerating repeater are discussed. Both traveling-wave type and Fabry-Perot cavity type laser amplifiers are considered. The noise and error rate performance in these systems are evaluated using formulations for semiconductor laser amplifiers. The mean and variance in the optical amplifier output photons calculated by the photon master equation [1] is used to obtain the worst case variance in the equalized output voltage [2] for these systems. The required receiving power reduction from direct detection scheme by a preamplifier system and the repeater spacing expansion between two electronically regenerating terminals by an optical linear amplifier repeater system are delineated.
EUV sensitive photo-acid generator sans chromophore (2009)

Recent advances in EUVL lithography is mainly centered on improving the RLS trade-off by employing new resist platforms, bulkier PAGs, EUV sensitizers etc. Among the several new kinds of PAGs proposed till date, the focus of development was mainly on the acid strength, compatibility with resin etc., whilst always retaining the mono, Di or tri phenyl chromophore of the PAG. Herein we report on the use of chromophore-less PAG for the patterning of EUVL resists. Resist performance using model acrylate and PHS based resist was studied. The patterned resists were characterized using SEM. Thermal stability of the PAG was compared with model chromophore containing PAG.
Safe coadministration of terbinafine and terfenadine: A placebo-controlled crossover study of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions in healthy volunteers (1996)

The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of terbinafine (Lamisil) and terfenadine (Seldane) were assessed in 26 healthy volunteers randomized to receive either terbinafine (250 mg tablet) or its placebo (terbinafine placebo), which were administered in a double-blind manner once daily for 18 days. On days 12 through 18, terfenadine was coadministered (60 mg twice daily, unblinded). Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained for terbinafine and its desmethyl metabolite on day 11 (in the absence of terfenadine), day 12, and day 18. Terfenadine and terfenadine acid metabolite levels were also assayed on days 12 and 18. After a 4-week washout period, subjects were crossed over to the alternate treatment (terbinafine or terbinafine placebo). Pharmacodynamic measures were electrocardiographic (ECG) rhythm abnormalities, corrected QT interval (QTc), and plasma ALT levels. Terfenadine levels were evaluated; however, only eight of 1502 samples assayed were above the limit of quantitation. No effect of terbinafine administration on pharmacokinetic parameters for the terfenadine acid metabolite was observed, except for a decrease of approximately 20% in through terbinafine concentrations (C0hr; p < 0.05) on the last day of terfenadine plus terbinafine coadministration. Pharmacokinetic parameters for terbinafine were unchanged on the first day of terfenadine coadministration, and only small increases in area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from 0 to 24 hours and peak plasma concentrations (16.1%[p < 0.01] and 6.63% [p < 0.05]) were observed on the last day of terfenadine and terbinafine coadministration. Values for C0hr were also about 20% to 25% higher (p < 0.05). Steady-state levels of the terfenadine acid metabolite were achieved after 2 days of terfenadine coadministration, and steady-state levels of terbinafine and its desmethyl metabolite were achieved after 14 days of terbinafine administration. The incidence of ECG rhythm abnormalities was not significantly higher in any treatment group; however, the incidence of prolongation of QTc > 10% above baseline was significantly higher in the groups treated with terfenadine. No QTc prolongation occurred in the absence of terfenadine treatment. Both terbinafine and terfenadine were well tolerated when coadministered during this study, as indicated by the low incidence of complaints, abnormalities, and adverse events. The results of this study indicate that terbinafine and terfenadine can be safely coadministered.
Use of Thorium Nitrate to Distinguish between Pectin and Certain Gums (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of Thorium Nitrate to Distinguish between Pectin and Certain GumsE. F. BryantCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1941, 13, 2, 103Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560090a020https://doi.org/10.1021/i560090a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Low-level and high-level correlation for image registration (IC inspection) (2002)

A method based on the modification of the two-level correlation method and the preliminary results of its application to an IC inspection problem are presented. To reduce the computational complexity, a fast correlation method is that uses random shifts, random pixel selection within the search image, and optimal binarization of gray levels. This generates the possible locations where the template has high correlation peaks within the search image. As an example, the four corners of the IC can be located using the correlation peaks. Because of the random search procedure, there is uncertainty involved in matching the location correlation peaks to the corners of the IC. An evidence scheme based on the Dempster-Shafer formalism is used in the second level (high-level correlation) to resolve the uncertainty.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HpaB from <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>vesicatoria</i> acts as an exit control protein in type III‐dependent protein secretion (2004)

The hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) gene cluster of the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria encodes a type III secretion (TTS) system, which injects bacterial effector proteins into the plant cell. Here, we characterized hpaB (hpa, hrp-associated), which encodes a pathogenicity factor with typical features of a TTS chaperone. We show that HpaB is important for the efficient secretion of at least five effector proteins but is dispensable for the secretion of non-effectors such as XopA and the TTS translocon protein HrpF. GST pull-down assays revealed that HpaB interacts with two unrelated effector proteins, AvrBs1 and AvrBs3, but not with XopA. The HpaB-binding site is located within the first 50 amino acids of AvrBs3. This region also contains the targeting signal for HpaB-dependent secretion, which is missing in HrpF and XopA. Intriguingly, the N-termini of HrpF and XopA target the AvrBs3Delta2 reporter for translocation in a DeltahpaB mutant but not in the wild-type strain. This indicates that HpaB plays an essential role in the exit control of the TTS system. Our data suggest that HpaB promotes the secretion of a large set of effector proteins and prevents the delivery of non-effectors into the plant cell.