gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A memory cell capacitor with Ba/sub x/Sr/sub 1-x/TiO/sub 3/ (BST) film for advanced DRAMs (2002)

The stored charges in the capacitor of the DRAM cell are decreased, as the power supply voltage and the memory cell area are reduced on the trend of the dimension shrinkage. To get sufficient capacitance of memory cell is one of the most important requirements for the advanced DRAMs. Therefore, a high-dielectric constant material has been proposed for memory cells of DRAM. It has been indicated that BST films realize the equivalent SiO2 thickness of 0.47 nm for the capacitor dielectric film of 256M DRAM. In this study, the process technology of the simple planar stacked cell with the BST film is developed. The memory cell capacitor with the high-dielectric constant BST film is applied to the fully functional 4M DRAM, in order to investigate the compatibility with the full DRAM fabrication process. The fabrication technology for the memory cell of DRAM with BST film capacitors and the DRAM performance are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR AUTOMOTIVE STRUCTURES IN MULTI-MATERIAL DESIGN CONSISTING OF HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS AND CFRP (2011)

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Simple selective electron beam patterning on a single nanowire (2006)

Newly developed techniques of selective electron beam patterning on a single nanowire are introduced without using the coordinate markers on the substrate or with the help of the optical microscopes. Coordinate-less patterning by image processing under scanning electron microscope was efficient to define electrodes patterns on the 100 nm scale nanowires. And a method using an optical microscope image made it possible not only to create fine electrodes of 10 nm order of nanowires but to reduce the working times and enable the process easier. A proper selective patterning of the electrode on a selected individual nanowire will be quite helpful for the fundamental researches as the bottom-up approach on the different length scale of nanowires.
7-Amino-actinomycin D as a cytochemical probe. I. Spectral properties. (1975)

The optical absorption and fluorescence characteristics of 7-animo-actinomycin D were determined to evaluate its potential as a fluorescent cytochemical probe. At pH 7.0, the absorption maximum and fluorescence excitation maximum are both at 503 nm; the fluorescence emission is at 675 nm. When this compound forms complexes with DNA in solution, the absorption and fluorescence excitation maxima shift to 543 nm and the fluorescence emission shifts to 655 nm. The fluorescence quantum yield is 0.016 for 7-amino-actinomycin D free in solution and 0.01-0.02 for complexes with native DNA. The 7-amino-actinomycin D also exhibits fluorescence shifts characteristic of binding when put into solution with poly(dG-dC) poly(dG-dC), but not with poly(dI-dC) poly(dI-dC). The spectral characteristics are the same at pH 7.0 whether the solvent is 0.01 M PO4 with 0.0001 M EDTA or Earle's salts with 0.025 M N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N1-2-ethanesulfonic acid.
TREATMENT OF WASTE PICKLING LIQUORS: PROCESS SYNTHESIS AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (2006)

ABSTRACT An economic analysis was carried out for three different recycle/recovery options for waste pickling liquors from hydrochloric acid pickling baths in an existing small-mid scale plant presently neutralizing and discarding waste pickling liquors. The analysis was based on process synthesis and design, which were completed by using real plant data along with some experimental work. Three basic schemes were studied: the addition of metallic iron to convert unused hydrochloric acid to ferrous chloride recovery by evaporation and recycling of a large proportion of the unused acid, and removal of ferrous chloride by crystallization to enable the recycling of the unused acid. All three schemes were evaluated at the same concentration of ferrous chloride by-product, which can be directly sold or converted later to ferric chloride, which has a higher market value. Extrapolation of existing solubility data was verified experimentally, cost estimation was done for purchased equipment and utility requirement, and feasibility analyses of the process schemes were completed. Depending on the market demand for the by-product and the criteria chosen, metallic iron addition or evaporation found to be recommendable, while the relatively more expensive crystallization process was also found to bring improvement over the no-treatment alternative.
The Puritan Pronaos: Studies in the Intellectual Life of New England in the Seventeenth Century (1937)

Journal Article The Puritan Pronaos: Studies in the Intellectual Life of New England in the Seventeenth Century. By Samuel Eliot Morison. (New York: New York University Press, 1936. xii + 281 pp.) Get access Winfred T. Root Winfred T. Root State University of Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 24, Issue 1, June 1937, Page 70, https://doi.org/10.2307/1891340 Published: 01 June 1937
Continuous Processes in Wiped Films. 2. Distilling Capacity and Separating Efficiency of a Molecular Evaporator with a Convex Evaporating Surface (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContinuous Processes in Wiped Films. 2. Distilling Capacity and Separating Efficiency of a Molecular Evaporator with a Convex Evaporating SurfaceJán Cvengroš and Alexander TkáčCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1978, 17, 3, 246–251Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260067a006https://doi.org/10.1021/i260067a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Output feedback control of nonlinear systems using RBF neural networks (2000)

An adaptive output feedback control scheme for the output tracking of a class of continuous-time nonlinear plants is presented. An RBF neural network is used to adaptively compensate for the plant nonlinearities. The network weights are adapted using a Lyapunov-based design. The method uses parameter projection, control saturation, and a high-gain observer to achieve semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations. The simulations also show that by using adaptive control in conjunction with robust control, it is possible to tolerate larger approximation errors resulting from the use of lower order networks.
Source Degeneration [Circuit Intuitions] (2014)

We said in the previous article that looking into a node, one can see the Thevenin or Norton equivalent circuit for that node. We now look deeper into one particular circuit that consists of an NMOS transistor with a resistor in series with its source terminal in a configuration known as NMOS transistor with source degeneration. We offer a simple method for the small-signal analysis and design of this configuration. The case for the PMOS transisor is similar but not discussed in this article for brevity.
The mRMR variable selection method: a comparative study for functional data (2015)

The use of variable selection methods is particularly appealing in statistical problems with functional data. The obvious general criterion for variable selection is to choose the ‘most representative’ or ‘most relevant’ variables. However, it is also clear that a purely relevance-oriented criterion could lead to select many redundant variables. The minimum Redundance Maximum Relevance (mRMR) procedure, proposed by Ding and Peng [Minimum redundancy feature selection from microarray gene expression data. J Bioinform Comput Biol. 2005;3:185–205] and Peng et al. [Feature selection based on mutual information: criteria of max-dependency, max-relevance, and min-redundancy. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2005;27:1226–1238] is an algorithm to systematically perform variable selection, achieving a reasonable trade-off between relevance and redundancy. In its original form, this procedure is based on the use of the so-called <i>mutual information criterion</i> to assess relevance and redundancy. Keeping the focus on functional data problems, we propose here a modified version of the mRMR method, obtained by replacing the mutual information by the new association measure (called <i>distance correlation</i>) suggested by Székely et al. [Measuring and testing dependence by correlation of distances. Ann Statist. 2007;35:2769–2794]. We have also performed an extensive simulation study, including 1600 functional experiments (100 functional models ×4 sample sizes ×4 classifiers) and three real-data examples aimed at comparing the different versions of the mRMR methodology. The results are quite conclusive in favour of the new proposed alternative.
Relation between the angular dependence of scattering and the statistical properties of optical surfaces (1979)

A relation from vector scattering theory has been used to predict the angular distribution of scattered light from optical surfaces as a function of the wavelength, optical constants of the material, and spectral density function. For calculations of one-dimensional (two-dimensional) scattering, the spectral density function of the surface roughness is obtained from the Fourier transform (Hankel transform) of the autocovariance function, which in turn is determined from surface-profile data. Measured statistics presented for various types of optical surfaces indicate that there are three basic components of surface structure: long-range waviness, short-range random roughness, and periodicity; one or more of which may be present on a given surface. Averaged and unaveraged surface-profile data for the same surface are shown to be consistent. Experimental data are presented that yield an exponential autocovariance function, and give a reasonably good fit to a Poisson distribution of zero crossings. Finally, angular scattering values calculated using measured surface statistics with vector scattering theory are compared to scattering values measured on the same surface. The shapes of the measured and calculated curves are similar, but the magnitudes are not. However, the rms surface roughnesses calculated from total integrated scattering measurements are in excellent agreement with values measured directly on these same surfaces.
C++: Effective Object-Oriented Software Construction : Concepts, Principles, Industrial Strategies, and Practices (1999)

I. CONCEPTS, PRACTICES, AND APPLICATIONS. 1. What Is Object-Oriented Programming? 2. What Is Data Abstraction? 3. Data Abstraction with C++. 4. Initialization and Garbage Collection within OOP. 5. The Inheritance Concept. 6. The Concept of Multiple Inheritance. 7. Selective Exports from Classes (Friend Functions). 8. The Concept of Operator Overloading. 9. Generic Types. 10. Expecting the Unexpected. II. USING OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING EFFECTIVELY. 11. Mastering Data Abstraction. 12. Using Inheritance Effectively. 13. Understanding the C++ Object Model. Appendix. Bibliographical References and Recommended Reading. Index.
Time Division Multiplexed Bus for Machine Control (1997)

The author discusses the use of the IIOC architecture for Xerox machines which solves the problems of the I/O redundancy and harness cost without sacrificing the reuse and ability to expand the I/O of the distributed architecture. The IIOC module and its attributes are described with particular reference to the MUX BUS TDM signals. The IIOC chip is also described. The benefits derived from the IIOC architecture are discussed.
Donor and acceptor substrate selectivity among plant glycoside hydrolase family 32 enzymes (2009)

Plant family 32 glycoside hydrolase enzymes include hydrolases (cell wall invertases, fructan exohydrolases, vacuolar invertases) and fructosyltransferases. These enzymes are very similar at the molecular and structural levels but are functionally different. Understanding the basis of the functional diversity in this family is a challenging task. By combining structural and site-directed mutagenesis data, Asp239 in AtcwINV1 was identified as an amino acid critical for binding and stabilizing sucrose. Plant fructan exohydrolases lack such an Asp239 equivalent. Substitution of Asp239 led to the loss of invertase activity, while its introduction in fructan exohydrolases increased invertase activity. Some fructan exohydrolases are inhibited by sucrose. The difference between the inhibitor (fructan exohydrolase) and the substrate (invertase) binding configurations of sucrose can be explained by the different orientation of Trp82. Furthermore, the evolutionary hydrolase/transferase transition could be mimicked and the difference between S-type fructosyltransferases (sucrose as donor) and F-type fructosyltransferases (fructan as donor) could be unravelled.
Multimodal presentation method for a dance training system (2005)

This paper presents a multimodal information presentation method for a basic dance training system. The system targets on beginners and enables them to learn basics of dances easily. One of the most effective ways of learning dances is to watch a video showing the performance of dance masters. However, some information cannot be conveyed well through video. One is the translational motion, especially that in the depth direction. We cannot tell exactly how far does the dancers move forward or backward. Another is the timing information. Although we can tell how to move our arms or legs from video, it is difficult to know when to start moving them. We solve the first issue by introducing an image display on a mobile robot. We can learn the amount of translation just by following the robot. We introduce active devices for the second issue. The active devices are composed of some vibro-motors and are developed to direct action-starting cues with vibration. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our multimodal information presentation method.
HCOC: a cost optimization algorithm for workflow scheduling in hybrid clouds (2011)

Abstract Workflows have been used to represent a variety of applications involving high processing and storage demands. As a solution to supply this necessity, the cloud computing paradigm has emerged as an on-demand resources provider. While public clouds charge users in a per-use basis, private clouds are owned by users and can be utilized with no charge. When a public cloud and a private cloud are merged, we have what we call a hybrid cloud . In a hybrid cloud, the user has elasticity provided by public cloud resources that can be aggregated to the private resources pool as necessary. One question faced by the users in such systems is: Which are the best resources to request from a public cloud based on the current demand and on resources costs? In this paper we deal with this problem, presenting HCOC: The Hybrid Cloud Optimized Cost scheduling algorithm. HCOC decides which resources should be leased from the public cloud and aggregated to the private cloud to provide sufficient processing power to execute a workflow within a given execution time. We present extensive experimental and simulation results which show that HCOC can reduce costs while achieving the established desired execution time.
The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZrAlN/Cu Coating (2011)

ZrAlN/Cu coating has been deposited onto Ti-6Al-4V substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering. The morphology of films was investigated by FESEM, the microstructure was studied by XRD, XPS and TEM. The plastic deformation characteristic of thin films were analysised from loading/unloading curves measured by nano-indentation method. Erosion tests were conducted to evaluate anti-erosion ability. Erosion rates were measured and characteristic damage features were identified on the surface of eroded specimens. The mechanisms of erosion are discussed in order to explain the promising performance of materials in erosive conditions. It was found that there is an significant increase of erosion resistance because of the increase of hardness and toughness.
Human Dentin-matrix-derived Bone Morphogenetic Protein (1991)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) was extracted from human dentin matrix with 4 mol/L guanidine-HCl and was purified by liquid chromatography. SDS-PAGE and IEF showed that the purified BMP was homogeneous and induced new bone formation in situ after three weeks when implanted into muscle pouches in Wistar rats. The molecular weight of BMP was estimated to be about 20.0 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and the pI value was 8.8 by IEF. Amino acid analysis suggested that BMP is a protein containing 191 amino acids. A partial amino acid sequence was obtained from the final purified BMP. Dentin-matrix-derived BMP is probably not identical to, but is similar to, bone-matrix-derived BMP, though both types of BMP have the same action in vivo.
A Technique for Characterizing Process-Induced Fiber Waviness in Unidirectional Composite Laminates-Using Optical Microscopy (1997)

A technique has been developed, using optical microscopy, for the characterization of localized fiber waviness in composite laminates. Since most of the process-induced waviness which develops in unidirectional thermoplastic laminates is clearly discretized into little packets or fiber-wrinkled regions, the spatial distribution of fiber waviness can be estimated by surface inspection of the laminates. The waviness in these fiber-wrinkled regions is approximately sinusoidal so the waviness parameters chosen were amplitude and wavelength. The waviness in each of the fiber-wrinkled regions is approximately coherent; thus, one measurement of the local fiber geometry is enough to characterize the wave packet. Another issue this technique attempts to address is the thru-thickness waviness. To investigate the presence of waviness through the thickness a two pronged approach is presented: 1) a general survey in which an entire laminate was carefully sectioned into small pieces and inspected in cross-section for the existence of fiber waviness below the part surface and 2) a rigorous three-dimensional serial reconstruction of a "typical" fiber-wrinkled region to illustrate the nature of the fiber waviness in these zones. The laminates were surveyed using a statistical sampling routine and the fiber-wrinkled regions were carefully measured using microscopy and image analysis both on the surface and through the thickness of the plates. Results from a series of plates are included to demonstrate the application of this technique.
Differential expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐5 in pancreatic adenocarcinomas: Identification using DNA microarray (2006)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by its aggressiveness and resistance to both radiation and chemotherapeutic treatment. To better understand the molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, DNA array technology was employed to identify genes differentially expressed in pancreatic tumors when compared to non-malignant pancreatic tissues. RNA isolated from 11 PDACs and 14 non-malignant bulk pancreatic duct specimens was used to probe Affymetrix U95A DNA arrays. Genes that displayed at least a fourfold differential expression were identified and real-time quantitative PCR was used to verify the differential expression of selected upregulated genes. Interrogation of the DNA array revealed that 73 genes were upregulated in PDACs and 77 genes were downregulated. The majority of the 150 genes identified have not been previously reported to be differentially expressed in pancreatic tumors, although a number of the upregulated transcripts have been reported previously. Immunohistochemistry was used to correlate calponin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) RNA levels with protein expression in PDACs and revealed peritumoral calponin staining in the reactive stroma and intense focal staining of islets cells expressing IGFBP-5 at the edge of tumors; thus implicating the interplay of various cell types to promote neoplastic cell growth within pancreatic carcinomas. As a potential modulator of cell proliferation, the overexpression of IGFBP-5 may, therefore, play a significant role in the malignant transformation of normal pancreatic epithelial cells.
Polymer hot-carrier transistor (2005)

Metal-base hot-carrier transistor with conjugated polymer emitter and collector is demonstrated. The device is fabricated by multiple spin coating with the metal base sandwiched between two polymers. A thin insulating layer of LiF is inserted between the emitter and base to enhance the hot carrier kinetic energy and reduce mutual dissolution. Using poly(9-vinylcarbazole) as the emitter, Al as the base, and poly(3-hexylthiophene) as the collector, common-emitter current gain of 25 is obtained with operation voltage as low as 5 V.
Fourier Analysis (1988)

Fourier analysis is a subject that was born in physics but grew up in mathematics. Now it is part of the standard repertoire for mathematicians, physicists and engineers. In most books, this diversity of interest is often ignored, but here Dr Körner has provided a shop-window for some of the ideas, techniques and elegant results of Fourier analysis, and for their applications. These range from number theory, numerical analysis, control theory and statistics, to earth science, astronomy, and electrical engineering. Each application is placed in perspective by a short essay. The prerequisites are few (the reader with knowledge of second or third year undergraduate mathematics should have no difficulty following the text), and the style is lively and entertaining. In short, this stimulating account will be welcomed by all who like to read about more than the bare bones of a subject. For them this will be a meaty guide to Fourier analysis.
Simplified floating-point division and square root (2013)

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms on low-power embedded platforms are often implemented using fixed-point arithmetic due to expected power and area savings over floating-point computation. However, recent research shows that floating-point arithmetic can be made competitive by using a reduced-precision format instead of, e.g., IEEE standard single precision, thereby avoiding the algorithm design and implementation difficulties associated with fixed-point arithmetic. This paper investigates the effects of simplified floating-point arithmetic applied to an FMA-based floating-point unit and the associated software division and square root operations. Software operations are proposed which attain near-exact precision with twice the performance of exact algorithms and resolve overflow-related errors with inexpensive exponent-manipulation special instructions.