gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparative Separation of Complex Alkaloid Mixture by High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography (1991)

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), infected with the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum, contains both ergot-type and saturated-pyrrolizidine (loline) alkaloids. These alkaloids are believed to be at least partially responsible for the insect pest resistance of tall fescue and for periodic or seasonal toxicity of endophyte-infected tall fescue to grazing cattle. Attempts to separate the relatively minor amounts of ergot-type alkaloids (1-10 ppm) from the much more abundant saturated-pyrrolizidine alkaloids (1000-6000 ppm) using ordinary chromatography systems, have been generally unsatisfactory. High-speed countercurrent chromatography was examined as an alternative separation method. A crude fescue alkaloid mixture (1 g) was separated, in less than 8 hours, using a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform-methanol-water (5:4:3, v/v/v). Alkaloids such as N-methylloline, N-acetylloline, and N-formylloline were well separated from each other and recovery of these alkaloids was quantitative. Relatively pure ergonovine was isolated from the mixture in one pass. Other minor alkaloids, including lysergic acid amide, were either separated from each other or were highly enriched in certain fractions.
A skew tolerant CMOS level-based ATM data-recovery system without PLL topology (2002)

In high-speed communication systems with multiple inputs from different origins, all data have to be retimed to the clock of the DSP. This paper describes a data-recovery system which allows a 25% tolerance on the absolute position of the edge. The intelligent sample selector with memory-function retrieves the correct data from the multisampled input, even under the circumstances of wander, clock- and data-jitter and propagation phase-shift. The used approach does not require a PLL nor a DLL, since the straightforward mechanism results in the capture of the transmitted data with only the use of the central clock of the DSP. The retiming is done already at the first level-change and further at each following level-change. The good results are proven with measurements on a realisation with standard cells in a standard 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
2,5-DisubstitutedN, N′-Dicyanoquinone Diimines (DCNQIs) − Syntheses and Redox Properties (1998)

Quinones 1a−q and DCNQIs 2a−g have been synthesized in order to investigate substituent effects. It was necessary to employ novel synthetic routes for the introduction of iodine into 1f (7), the trifluoromethyl group into 1g−i, deuterium into 1m−p, and especially for the chloride/fluoride exchange of 1j to 1k, and 1l. With few exceptions both 1 and 2 undergo reversible electron transfer in two steps including thermodynamically very stable radical cations (lg KSEM > 10, cyclic voltammetry). Linear correlations have been found between E2 (OX/SEM) data of 1 and 2 with (σm + σp)/2 and between E2 of 1 and 2. Correlations have also been found between E2 and the LUMO energies of 1 and 2. The crystal structure of quinone 1i shows some special interactions due to the two CF3 groups, whereas the structures of DCNQIs 2d and 2g link up with those evaluated earlier.
Analytical chemistry,: An introduction (1974)

1. Introduction. Section I. The Tools of Analytical Chemistry. 2. Chemicals and Apparatus: Putting the Tools to Work. 3. Important Chemical Concepts: Expressing Quantities and Concentrations. 4. The Basic Approach to Chemical Equilibrium. 5. Errors in Chemical Analysis: Assessing the Quality of Results. 6. Random Errors: How Certain Can We Be? 7. Statistical Analysis: Evaluating the Data. Section II. Principles and Applications of Chemical Equilibria. 8. Gravimetric Methods of Analysis. 9. Electrolyte Effects: Activity or Concentration? 10. How Equilibrium Calculations Can Be Applied to Complex Systems. 11. Titrations: Taking Advantage of Stoichiometric Reactions. 12. Principles of Neutralization Titrations: Determining Acids, Bases, and the pH of Buffer Solutions. 13. Titrating Polyfunctional Acids and Bases. 14. Applying Neutralization Titrations. 15. Complex-Forming Titrations: Taking Advantage of Complexing Agents and Precipitating Agents. Section III. Electrochemical Methods. 16. Elements of Electrochemistry. 17. Using Electrode potentials. 18. Applying Oxidation/Reduction Titrations. 19. Potentiometry: Measuring Concentrations of Ions and Molecules. 20. A Brief Look at Some Other Electroanalytical Methods. Section IV. Spectrochemical Analysis. 21. Spectroscopic methods of Analysis: making Measurements with Light. 22. Instruments for Measuring Absorption: Is It a Photometer, a Spectrophotometer, or a Spectrometer? 23. Applying Molecular and Atomic Spectroscopic methods: Shedding More Light on the Subject. Section V. 24. An Introduction to Analytical Separations. 25. Gas-Liquid and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. 26. Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography, Capillary Electrophoreses, and Capillary Electrochromatography. Section VI. 27. Selected Methods of Analysis. Appendix: Solubility Product Constants at 25 C. Appendix A: Acid Dissociation Constants at 25 C. Appendix B: Formation Constants of Complex Compounds at 25 C. Appendix C: Standard and Formal Electrode Potentials. Appendix D: Use of Exponential Numbers and Logarithms. Appendix E: Volumetric Calculations Using Normality and Equivalent Weight. Appendix F: Acronyms and Abbreviations of Significance in Analytical Chemistry. Appendix G: Answers to Selected Questions and Problems. Glossary. Index.
A data mining based algorithm for traffic network flow forecasting (2004)

Recent development in ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) methods and technologies has moved traffic operating systems from passive to pro-active control and management, where real-time and accurate traffic flow information is critical to actual implementation. So far many algorithms have been proposed for traffic network flow forecasting, but problems in accuracy and timeliness still remain to be the major obstacle for their successful applications. For example, presumed human travel habit and vehicle turning probabilities at intersections have greatly limited the use of dynamic assignment algorithm. In order to improve the forecasting and real-time responsiveness, a new algorithm based on data mining which can do association rules mining and association analysis is proposed here for predicting traffic network flow. Simulation results using Corsim 5.0 have demonstrated effectiveness of the new algorithm in both accuracy and timeliness.
Advanced ICDA: a Methodology for Quantifying and Mitigating Potential for Corrosion Damage in Pipelines (2005)

Abstract Gas and Gas/Water/Crude transmission pipelines are frequently operated under conditions that may lead to substantial internal corrosion of the pipeline, causing consequent damage to both operations and personnel/population. This paper describes the development of an Advanced Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA) model and a solution methodology to quantify corrosion damage to facilitate development of pro-active inspection and maintenance programs. The objective of this proposed methodology is to build a foundation to develop an enhanced framework of systems using current technologies to identify pipeline components with real potential for damage and failure, as well as promote Real-time integrity characterization through application of corrosion monitoring technology.
Persistence of range of motion in dorsiflexion, when the triceps surae muscles weaken, worsens stance and gait in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. A case report. (2006)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, characterized by length dependent degeneration of motor and sensory nerve fibers. The variability in clinical severity is typical, and is considered the result of environmental factors interacting with the genotype. We report the case of 2 sisters who present the same muscle involvement, with complete atrophy below the knees, but a very different degree of disability: the milder affected sister can walk independently for 1 km, the more severe for 50 m only. The factor, responsible for the different functional impairment, is the persistence of ankle dorsiflexion. This is the result of prolonged stretching of the heel cords in the more severely affected sister, which destabilizes stance and ambulation. On the contrary, the milder affected sister presents a slight equinus deformity well compensated by wearing shoes with a bit of heel. The presented cases and biomechanics suggest that the persistence of range of motion in dorsiflexion, when the triceps surae muscles weaken beyond a certain degree, represents an important negative factor of clinical variability in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; this can be averted by correct rehabilitation management.
Early detection of isolated memory deficits in the elderly: the need for more sensitive neuropsychological tests (2002)

Sensitive neuropsychological tests can detect performance below the norm in elderly people whose performance on MMSE and CAMCOG tests is well within the normal range. Age-related decline in memory performance in a cohort of the elderly may be largely due to inclusion within the cohort of individuals with undetected pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease or isolated memory impairment.
Plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings for industrial gas turbines : morphology, processing and properties (1993)

Thermal barrier coatings out of fully or partially stabilized zirconia offer a unique chance in gas turbines to increase the gas inlet temperature significantly while keeping the temperature of the structural material of the component within conventional limits. The protection of combustor parts and transition pieces as well as of some stationary gas turbine parts however is state of the art. As a consequence of still insufficient reliability, the application for hot rotating parts is very limited. The introduction as a design element requires safe life within defined time intervals. These depend on the overhaul and repair intervals of the engines. For large land based industrial or utility gas turbines, for example, coating life between 25.000 and 30.000 hrs. is a minimum requirement. Premature failure of a coating by e.g. local spalling causes local overheating of the component with the consequence of its total destruction or even more expensive secondary damages. Life limiting is the corrosion rate at the ceramic-metal interface and the behavior of the coated system under transient operating conditions, where multiaxial strain and stress distributions are generated. Sufficient strain tolerance of the coating both under tensile as well as compressive conditions is required. The properties of thermal barrier coating systems depend strongly on the structure and phase composition of the coating layers and the morphology of and the adhesion at the ceramic-metal interface. They have to be controlled by the process itself, the process parameters and the characteristics of the applied materials (e.g. chemical composition, processing, morphology, particle size and size distribution). It will be reviewed, how properties and structures of coating systems correlate and how structures can be modified by careful control of the process parameters.
Effects of growth regulators on fruit abscission in oil palm, <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> (1972)

SUMMARY By delaying harvest of fruit bunches of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq., an increase in their oil content can be obtained, but this is accompanied by increased harvesting costs and lower oil quality, as the number of detached fruit increases. Treatment of ripening bunches with auxins, gibberellic acid, or ethephon retards fruit abscission, and harvest can be delayed by up to 5 days without increase in the number of detached fruit. Indications are that oil yield might increase by more than 5% during this period, without change in harvesting costs or oil quality.
Über Trimethylphosphinoxyd (1960)

Abstract Im Bereich von 650–4000 cm −1 wurde das IR‐Spektrum des Trimethylphosphinoxyds im festen und gasförmigen Zustand, rein und in Gegenwart von Wasser aufgenommen. Aus den Änderungen der PO‐Frequenz wird auf starke Assoziation im festen Zustand und auf die Bildung von Hydraten geschlossen, allerdings ohne Sprengung der PO‐Doppelbindung. Diese spektroskopischen Befunde wurden durch die Dampfdruckkurve bestätigt, die im Bereich von 70–110° starke Abweichungen von einer Geraden ergibt. Die PO‐Bindung verhält sich demnach ähnlich wie die CO‐Bindung.
The role of wound closure in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review on knee position (2016)

The findings of the present review did not show any statistically significant differences in terms of post-operative flexion ROM, functional scores, or complications related to the position of the knee at the time of joint and wound closure during TKA. There is no clear advantage to either closure method based on the currently available evidence, and therefore, this choice should be based on surgeon preference.
Targeting signalling pathways for the treatment of multiple myeloma (2005)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterised by the expansion of monoclonal immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. Despite recent advances in systemic and supportive therapy, it remains incurable, with a median survival of about three years. Development of MM is a multistep process associated with an increasing frequency of chromosomal abnormalities and complex translocations, which induce mutations in several proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Furthermore, differentiation, maintenance, expansion and drug resistance of MM cells are dependent on multiple growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, secreted by tumour cells, bone marrow stromal cells, and non-haematopoietic organs; as well as on direct tumour cell-stromal cell contact. Therefore, signalling pathways initiated by both mutated genes in MM cells as well as signals originating in the bone marrow microenvironment represent potential targets for intervention. Close collaboration between basic researchers and clinicians will be required to further improve our knowledge of MM pathophysiologically in order to translate advances from the bench to the bedside and improve patient outcome.
A digital neuron realization for the random neural network model (2002)

In this study, the neuron of the random neural network (RNN) model (Gelenbe 1989) is designed using digital circuitry. In the RNN model, each neuron accumulates arriving pulses and can fire if its potential at a given instant of time is strictly positive. Firing occurs at random, the intervals between successive firing instants following an exponential distribution of constant rate. When a neuron fires, it routes the generated pulses to the appropriate output lines in accordance with the connection probabilities. In the digital circuitry the fundamental parts of the neuron are simulated by realizing input module, neuron potential module, firing module and routing module. The neuron potential module accumulates incoming signals collected by the input module at the input site. The firing module generates random pulses with an exponential distribution of fixed rate. The pulses generated by the firing module are distributed to the other neurons through the routing module at the output side. A network of neurons can be constructed by using the digital circuitry presented for the single neuron. All the parts of the random neuron circuit are simulated by using Circuitmaker and Pspice digital simulation packages and the neuron is realized digitally by using LS-TTL ICs.
On the Preparations of Metal Complexes. V. The Preparations of Cholatoamminecomplexes of Cobalt(III) and Chromium(III) (1970)

Abstract The mono-, di- and tricholatocobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes and cobalt complex cholates, including the following new compounds, have been prepared: [Co chol (NH3)5] X2 (X=chol, Cl), [M chol2 en2]Cl (M=Co, Cr), [Co chol3 (NH3)3] and [Co en3]chol3. The absorption spectra of these complexes in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared regions have been measured and compared with those of the corresponding acetato- or acido-complexes.
Efficient Ranking from Pairwise Comparisons (2013)

The ranking of n objects based on pairwise comparisons is a core machine learning problem, arising in recommender systems, ad placement, player ranking, biological applications and others. In many practical situations the true pairwise comparisons cannot be actively measured, but a subset of all n(n−1)/2 comparisons is passively and noisily observed. Optimization algorithms (e.g., the SVM) could be used to predict a ranking with fixed expected Kendall tau distance, while achieving an Ω(n) lower bound on the corresponding sample complexity. However, due to their centralized structure they are difficult to extend to online or distributed settings. In this paper we show that much simpler algorithms can match the same Ω(n) lower bound in expectation. Furthermore, if an average of O(n log(n)) binary comparisons are measured, then one algorithm recovers the true ranking in a uniform sense, while the other predicts the ranking more accurately near the top than the bottom. We discuss extensions to online and distributed ranking, with benefits over traditional alternatives. 1.
Distinct actions of benzene and its metabolites on nitric oxide production by bone marrow leukocytes (1995)

Benzene is a widely used industrial solvent known to cause bone marrow depression. This is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen metabolites and nitric oxide by bone marrow phagocytes, which have been implicated in hematotoxicity. Benzene metabolism to phenolic intermediates appears to be an important factor in bone marrow toxicity. In the present studies, we compared the effects of benzene and several of its metabolites on nitric oxide production by murine bone marrow leukocytes. Bone marrow cells readily produced nitric oxide in response to the inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Treatment of mice with benzene (800 mg/kg), or its metabolites hydroquinone (100 mg/kg), 1,2,4-benzenetriol (25 mg/kg), or p-benzoquinone (2 mg/kg), at doses that impair hematopoiesis, sensitized bone marrow leukocytes to produce increased amounts of nitric oxide in response to LPS and IFN-gamma. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) augmented bone marrow leukocyte production of nitric oxide induced by inflammatory mediators. Benzene, as well as its metabolites, markedly increased the sensitivity of the cells to both GM-CSF and M-CSF. Cells from hydroquinone- or 1,2,4-benzenetriol-treated mice were significantly more responsive to the inflammatory cytokines and growth factors than cells isolated from benzene- or p-benzoquinone-treated mice, suggesting that the phenolic metabolites of benzene are important biological reactive intermediates. Because nitric oxide suppresses cell growth and can be metabolized to mutagens and carcinogens, the ability of benzene and its metabolites to modulates its production in the bone marrow may be important in their mechanism of action.
Cover Picture: Aromatic Oligoamide Foldamers (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1/2004) (2003)

Abstract The cover picture shows a photograph of a helical origami, based on a modular ring designed by David Petty, surrounded by five examples of building blocks used in aromatic oligoamide foldamers. The background is an unfolded origami paper displaying the crease pattern that codes for a well‐defined folded shape. In the ancient Japanese art of paper folding, beautiful and complex yet predictable forms arise from a series a folding steps of a sheet of paper. Each step sets the relative orientation of the two sides of the fold. Similarly, the conformations of aromatic oligoamide foldamers are determined by interactions between consecutive units. In first approximation, the overall conformation is simply predicted as a linear combination of local conformational preferences. Details are discussed in the Microreview by I. Huc on p. 17 ff. We thank Professor Louis Cuccia for his inspiration and major contribution to this image.
AN IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY CATHETERIZATION (1971)

AN IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY CATHETERIZATIONROBERT I. WHITE, JR., M.D., ROBERT S. FRECH, M.D. and KURT AMPLATZ, M.D.Audio Available | Share
Highly luminescent polypyridyl complexes of osmium(II) (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly luminescent polypyridyl complexes of osmium(II)Edward M. Kober, B. Patrick Sullivan, Walter J. Dressick, Jonathan V. Caspar, and Thomas J. MeyerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 24, 7383–7385Publication Date (Print):November 19, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00544a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00544a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views869Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Implementing reverse genetics in Rosaceae: analysis of T-DNA flanking sequences of insertional mutant lines in the diploid strawberry, Fragaria vesca (2010)

Reverse genetics is used for functional genomics research in model plants. To establish a model system for the systematic reverse genetics research in the Rosaceae family, we analyzed genomic DNA flanking the T-DNA insertions in 191 transgenic plants of the diploid strawberry, Fragaria vesca. One hundred and seventy-six T-DNA flanking sequences were amplified from the right border (RB) and 37 from the left border (LB) by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR. Analysis of the T-DNA nick positions revealed that T-DNA was most frequently nicked at the cleavage sites. Analysis of 11 T-DNA integration sites indicated that T-DNA was integrated into the F. vesca genome by illegitimate recombination, as reported in other model plants: Arabidopsis, rice and tobacco. First, deletion of DNA was found at T-DNA integration target sites in all transgenic plants tested. Second, microsimilarities of a few base pairs between the left and/or right ends of the T-DNA and genomic sites were found in all transgenic plants tested. Finally, filler DNA was identified in four break-points. Out of 191 transgenic plants, T-DNA flanking sequences of 79 plants (41%) showed significant similarity to genes, elements or proteins of other plant species and 67 (35%) of the sequences are still unknown strawberry gene fragments. T-DNA flanking sequences of 126 plants (66%) showed homology to plant ESTs. This is the first report of T-DNA integration in a sizeable population of a rosaceous species. We have shown in this paper that T-DNA integration in strawberry is not random but directed by sequence microsimilarities in the host genome.