gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlations between leukocidin production and virulence of two isolates of Fusobacterium necrophorum. (1979)

Leukocidin production by Fusobacterium necrophorum was suggested to be an important element in the development of intraabdominal and liver abscesses in mice. Leukocidin production by cultures of F necrophorum was demonstrated by an in vitro assay. One of two isolates of F necrophorum was demonstrated to produce leukocidin. The leukocidin-producing strain was observed to be more infective than the nonleukocidin-producing strain (as demonstrated by abscess formation following intraperitoneal injection of immune-suppressed and normal mice). The infectivity of the leukocidin-producing strain was increased by successive passage in immune-suppressed mice. A simultaneous increase in leukocidin production was also demonstrated. The nonleukocidin-producing strain could not be passed effectively and was relatively noninfective for mice.
Detection methods of earth's rotation rate with a MEMS gyroscope (2015)

High precision gyroscopes are often used to find the north direction or determine the orientation by detecting the horizontal component of the earth's rotation rate in the field of north-seeking, oil drilling and mining. The ability to measure the earth's rotation rate accurately for gyroscopes can be applied as a basic criterion in those areas. MEMS gyroscopes were thought unable to measure the earth's rotation rate because of its noise and low precision. The detection methods of earth's rotation rate with a MEMS gyroscope were proposed, including the static and dynamic methods. Several major factors that influence the accuracy were analyzed and compensated carefully. The multi-position static and dynamic experiments were completed with a MEMS gyroscope. For the 36-position static measurement method, a single test takes 720 seconds, the 10 times' average error is less than 0.03%. For the dynamic experiments with a period of 18 seconds, a single test takes 108 seconds, the 10 times' average error is less than 1%. The experimental results indicate that the MEMS gyroscopes have great potentials in the field of north-seeking and orientating.
Digital signature for Diffie-Hellman public keyswithout using a one-way function (1997)

The author proposes digital signature schemes without using a one-way function to sign Diffie-Hellman public keys. The advantage of this approach is, instead of relying overall security on either the security of the signature scheme or the security of the one-way function, the security of this proposed scheme is based on the discrete logarithm problem.
Distribution of β‐amyloid protein in the brain following severe head injury (1995)

Deposits of β‐amyloid protein (PAP) can be found in the brains of 30% of fatally head‐injured patients: they have been found in children and after survival times of only 4 h. The principal aims of this study were to map the distribution of βAP in 14 patients aged 65 years or less in whom it was known that the protein had been deposited, and to correlate its distribution with the pathologies of traumatic brain injury. The results show that βAP is widely distributed, and that there is no correlation between its presence and cerebral contusions, intracranial haematoma, axonal injury, ischaemic brain damage, brain swelling or the pathology of raised intracranial pressure. These findings suggest that the deposition of βAP is a consequence of the acute phase response of nerve cells to stress in susceptible individuals. Further studies will be required to establish the possible relationship between the deposition of βAP following head injury and the molecular neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease.
A high-speed BCI based on code modulation VEP (2011)

Recently, electroencephalogram-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have attracted much attention in the fields of neural engineering and rehabilitation due to their noninvasiveness. However, the low communication speed of current BCI systems greatly limits their practical application. In this paper, we present a high-speed BCI based on code modulation of visual evoked potentials (c-VEP). Thirty-two target stimuli were modulated by a time-shifted binary pseudorandom sequence. A multichannel identification method based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used for target identification. The online system achieved an average information transfer rate (ITR) of 108 ± 12 bits min(-1) on five subjects with a maximum ITR of 123 bits min(-1) for a single subject.
Phenology of the Adult Spotted Cutworm1in the Yakima Valley (1979)

In Washington, there were 2 flights of adult spotted cutworm, Amathes c-nigrum (L.), yearly and 2 generations of larvae; the 2nd-generation larvae overwintered and completed development in the spring. A partial, small 3rd flight appeared occasionally. The sex ratio of laboratory-reared specimens was 1♂:1♀. Blacklight (BL) traps caught as many as or more females than males 16% of the time, which indicated that both sexes were attracted equally, but 84% of the time BL traps caught 15–20% more males than females because of the abundance and behavioral differences of males. The sex ratio became skewed in favor of males in the 2nd flight; females diminished to as little as 5–10% of the catch in Sept. and Oct. The female spotted cutworm proved to be polygamous, and some mated as many as 9 times. The average number of matings was 2 for 1st flight and 3 for 2nd flight females. There were seasonal increases in mating frequency in each flight. Most mated females that were trapped were in a reproductive condition. Populations were observed to grow and decline in response to environmental factors and not necessarily as a reflection of the size of the preceding population. The specific environmental factors that cause such fluctuations have not been isolated.
Selection of Aptamers for Molecular Recognition and Characterization of Cancer Cells (2007)

In this paper, we describe a new way to generate molecular probes for specific recognition of cancer cells. Molecular medicine will require a large number of probes for molecular recognition and characterization of a variety of diseased cells. Aptamers, single-stranded DNA/RNA probes, are poised to become a chemist's antibody and have the potential to serve as molecular probes for a variety of biomedical applications. By applying newly developed cell-SELEX (cell-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) against whole living cells, panels of aptamers have been evolved from an initial DNA library to characterize target cells at the molecular level. Ramos cells, a B-cell lymphoma cell line, were used as target cells for the generation of effective molecular probes. By taking advantages of the repetitive and broad enrichment strategy, the selected aptamers could bind to target cells and other closely related cell lines in variant patterns with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) in the nanomolar range. Some aptamers could also specifically recognize the target lymphoma cells mixed with normal human bone marrow aspirates. The cell-based SELEX is simple, fast, and robust. The strategies used here will be highly useful for aptamer selection against complex target samples in order to generate a large number of aptamers in a variety of biomedical and biotechnological applications, paving the way for molecular diagnosis, therapy, and biomarker discovery.
A novel dodecadepsipeptide, cereulide, isolated from<i>Bacillus cereus</i>causes vacuole formation in HEp-2 cells (1994)

A HEp-2 cell-vacuolation factor was extracted and purified from the culture supernatant of a Bacillus cereus strain which caused emetic-syndrome food poisoning. The final preparation was chemically pure, and the toxin was named as cereulide. Mass spectrometry, NMR studies and chemical degradation revealed that the cereulide is a cyclic dodecadepsipeptide, (D-O-Leu-D-Ala-L-O-Val-L-Val)3, which is closely related to the potassium ionophore, valinomycin.
Direct Method of Decoding Multiple Images (1973)

In certain applications, especially x-ray and gamma-ray photography, pinhole cameras provide one of the only methods of producing sharp images. To increase the image quality, the use of an array of multiple pinholes is found valuable. The resulting blurred image must then be decoded. A particularly direct method of decoding using the original array of pinholes is possible, providing theautocorrelation function of the array is sharply peaked. Preliminary results with representative arrays are discussed.
Efficient approximation algorithms for scheduling malleable tasks (1999)

A malleable task is a computational unit which may be executed on any arbitrary number of processors, its execution time depending on the amount of resources allotted to it. According to the standard behavior of parallel applications, we assume that the malleable tasks are monotonic, i.e. that the execution time is decreasing with the number of processors while the computational work increases. This paper presents a new approach for scheduling a set of independent malleable tasks which leads to a worst case guarantee of fi for the minimization of the parallel execution time, or makespan. It improves all other existing practical results including the two-phases method introduced by Turek et al. The main idea is to transfer the difficulty of a two phases method from the scheduling part to the allotment selection. We show how to formulate this last problem as a knapsack optimization problem. Then, the scheduling problem is solved by a dual-approximation which leads to a simple structure of two consecutive shelves.
A Novel Multi-Band Antenna for Mobile Phone with Metal Frame (2012)

A novel multi-band antenna of mobile phone with a metal frame has been proposed. The intrinsic slot between metal frame and the metal ground of the handset is taken as one part of the handset antenna, and the other part slot is etched at metal reinforcing plate, aiming to protect LCD (liquid crystal display) in actual mobile phone. Two slots are fed by a common microstrip line in series. The antenna occupies almost 600 mm2 with little clearance, however, good performances of the proposed antenna will be obtained by using of this simple structure. The measured results of the return loss, efficiency and radiation pattern are presented.
[Argyria in children]. (1989)

A case of argyria in a 14 year-old child caused by abuse of silver containing pulveriser for sore throat is described. The distinctive skin blue gray discoloration that occurs in argyria is due to deposition of silver. Pigmentation is permanent. Self treatment is stigmatized.
Comparison of polyetheretherketone cages with femoral cortical bone allograft as a single-piece interbody spacer in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (2006)

Both PEEK cages and FCAs are highly effective in promoting interbody fusion, maintaining postoperative disc space height, and achieving desirable clinical outcomes in patients who undergo TLIF with pedicle screw fixation. The advantages of PEEK cages include a lower incidence of subsidence and their radiolucency, which permits easier visualization of bone growth.
The Preparation of Some α-Benzylamino-β,β-dialkoxypropionic Acid Derivatives (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Some α-Benzylamino-β,β-dialkoxypropionic Acid DerivativesJohn A. King and Freeman H. McMillanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 3, 1236–1240Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01159a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01159a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Handbook of Collective Intelligence (2015)

Experts describe the latest research in a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field, the study of groups of individuals acting collectively in ways that seem intelligent.
In Silico Partitioning and Transmembrane Insertion of Hydrophobic Peptides under Equilibrium Conditions (2011)

Nascent transmembrane (TM) polypeptide segments are recognized and inserted into the lipid bilayer by the cellular translocon machinery. The recognition rules, described by a biological hydrophobicity scale, correlate strongly with physical hydrophobicity scales that describe the free energy of insertion of TM helices from water. However, the exact relationship between the physical and biological scales is unknown, because solubility problems limit our ability to measure experimentally the direct partitioning of hydrophobic peptides across lipid membranes. Here we use microsecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in which monomeric polyleucine segments of different lengths are allowed to partition spontaneously into and out of lipid bilayers. This approach directly reveals all states populated at equilibrium. For the hydrophobic peptides studied here, only surface-bound and transmembrane-inserted helices are found. The free energy of insertion is directly obtained from the relative occupancy of these states. A water-soluble state was not observed, consistent with the general insolubility of hydrophobic peptides. The approach further allows determination of the partitioning pathways and kinetics. Surprisingly, the transfer free energy appears to be independent of temperature, which implies that surface-to-bilayer peptide insertion is a zero-entropy process. We find that the partitioning free energy of the polyleucine segments correlates strongly with values from translocon experiments but reveals a systematic shift favoring shorter peptides, suggesting that translocon-to-bilayer partitioning is not equivalent but related to spontaneous surface-to-bilayer partitioning.
A Static Agostic .alpha.-CH.cntdot..cntdot..cntdot.M Interaction Observable by NMR Spectroscopy: Synthesis of the Chromium(II) Alkyl [Cr2(CH2SiMe3)6]2- and Its Conversion to the Unusual "Windowpane" Bis(metallacycle) Complex [Cr(.kappa.2-C,C'-CH2SiMe2CH2)2]2- (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Static Agostic .alpha.-CH.cntdot..cntdot..cntdot.M Interaction Observable by NMR Spectroscopy: Synthesis of the Chromium(II) Alkyl [Cr2(CH2SiMe3)6]2- and Its Conversion to the Unusual "Windowpane" Bis(metallacycle) Complex [Cr(.kappa.2-C,C'-CH2SiMe2CH2)2]2-Paige M. Morse, Michael D. Spencer, Scott R. Wilson, and Gregory S. GirolamiCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 5, 1646–1655Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00017a023https://doi.org/10.1021/om00017a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1067Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Novel Branching Topology in Polyethylenes As Revealed by Light Scattering and <sup>13</sup>C NMR (2000)

A group of polyethylenes synthesized using palladium α-diimine catalysts were studied using 13C NMR spectroscopy, intensity light scattering, dynamic light scattering, and viscometry. These catalysts are known to produce branched polyethylenes without α-olefin comonomers. The series of polymers studied were synthesized under conditions of varying ethylene pressure. The polymers are highly branched and completely amorphous and are thus soluble in common organic solvents at ambient temperatures. Light scattering determinations of the root-mean-square radius of gyration (Rg) and the molecular weight M of fractions eluting from a size exclusion chromatograph demonstrated that, at a given M, Rg decreased as ethylene pressure decreased. The hydrodynamic parametersthe Stokes radius (RH) from dynamic light scattering and the intrinsic viscosity ([η])also decreased. The change in Rg at a constant M results from the change in branching topology for the polymers synthesized at different ethylene pressures. The parameter Rg2/M varies by an order of magnitude for the polymers synthesized under ethylene pressures varying from 0.1 atm to 500 psi. However, the total branching (methyls per 1000 CH2) and the distribution of short branches (methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.) determined by 13C NMR remained essentially unchanged. These observations indicate the branching topology changes with polymerization pressure. Polymer topology varies from predominantly linear with many short branches at higher ethylene pressures to a densely branched, arborescent globular structure at very low ethylene pressures. Polymers synthesized at the lowest ethylene pressure studied, 0.1 atm, exhibited dilute solution parameters similar to those observed for dendrimers or many-armed stars, with Rg/RH below unity, and a segment density approaching that of a hard sphere.
Mixed Micelles in a Bidisperse Solution of Diblock Copolymers (1996)

This paper discusses theoretically the formation of micelles in a bidisperse solution of diblock copolymers. The two populations of copolymer chains are of identical chemical nature but have otherwise arbitrary different block asymmetries. We find that these asymmetries, or correspondingly the relative ratios of curvature of the diblocks, determine the micellization scenario and the type of aggregates coexisting in solution. If the asymmetries between the sizes of the blocks of the two copolymers are not too large, the short copolymers are incorporated continuously in the large copolymer micelles and only mixed micelles are stable. If the asymmetries are larger, the mixed micelles always contain a finite number of short copolymer chains; mixed micelles and large copolymer micelles can then coexist.
Measuring In Situ Changes in Labile Soil Phosphorus with Anion‐Exchange Membranes (1994)

Abstract Conventional chemical extraction methods to measure labile soil P are often inadequate for detecting fine temporal‐ and spatial‐scale soil P dynamics in situ. We refined and calibrated methodology for anion‐exchange resin‐impregnated membranes (AEM), related AEM‐P to soil solution P for a high‐P‐retaining soil, and evaluated the method's viability under humid tropical field conditions. We determined: (i) AEM recyclability, (ii) AEM P sorption kinetics, (iii) the correlation between soil solution P and AEM‐P for an Andic Humitropept, and (iv) potential interference from other anions (NO − 3 and SO 2− 4 ) on AEM P extraction. We used AEMs in a field decomposition study to evaluate plant residue and manure P release characteristics and concurrent fluxes in labile soil P. The AEM P sorption capacity was not altered significantly by repeated use. Nitrate solution concentrations in an aqueous medium of 50 and 100 mg NO 3 ‐N/L reduced AEM P sorption by 50 and 75%, respectively, regardless of P solution concentration; SO 4 ‐S at 500 and 1000 mg/L reduced AEM P sorption by ≈98%. The relationship between AEM‐P and soil solution P was curvilinear at both nonequilibrium and equilibrium soil solution P concentrations; it was essentially linear at soil solution concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 mg P/L. The AEM behaved as a dynamic exchanger rather than an infinite sink for P, particularly in the context of a low‐pH, high‐P‐retaining soil. The AEMs detected biologically relevant soil P pulses in the field decomposition study. The technique holds promise as an easy method for measuring soil P fluxes with minimal soil disturbance.
Intervención paleontológica en el Paraje Rambla Salada (Fortuna) (2008)

El yacimiento se encuentra situado en la parte alta de un pequeno barranco que drena a la Rambla Salada, a unos 6 km del nucleo urbano de Fortuna (Murcia), en direccion sur. La extension del mismo es de unos 15 m. Se trata de tres restos de troncos de palmera fosil (secciones transversales), teniendo estas una edad aproximada de 6.5 M.a. (Messiniense). Se encuentran asociadas a un nivel yesoarenitico de color blanquecino, con abundantes yesos, cuya potencia total se desconoce, puesto que afloran en superficie. Este nivel aparece afectado por el crecimiento de cristales de sulfatos que proliferan intercalados en estas yesoarenitas, deformando el nivel. La orientacion del mismo es subhorizontal. Los restos son de pequeno tamano y aparecen bastante rotos, no estando en posicion de vida, lo que da una idea de las condiciones que se dieron en el momento del deposito de los mismos. El yacimiento se presenta, en un principio, parcialmente cubierto por los mismos materiales que forman el nivel geologico. Hay que constatar la abundancia de yesos que presenta dicho nivel. Antes del comienzo de la actuacion paleontologica se encontraba expuesta una pequena parte de los diferentes troncos excavados, viendose estos aumentados con las labores de limpieza y desescombro. Se ha abordado en todo momento una excavacion de tipo manual, de acuerdo con las caracteristicas del terreno y del yacimiento en si mismo, para posteriormente proceder a la documentacion y extraccion del mismo.
On hierarchical statistical static timing analysis (2009)

Statistical static timing analysis deals with the increasing variations in manufacturing processes to reduce the pessimism in the worst case timing analysis. Because of the correlation between delays of circuit components, timing model generation and hierarchical timing analysis face more challenges than in static timing analysis. In this paper, a novel method to generate timing models for combinational circuits considering variations is proposed. The resulting timing models have accurate input-output delays and are about 80% smaller than the original circuits. Additionally, an accurate hierarchical timing analysis method at design level using pre-characterized timing models is proposed. This method incorporates the correlation between modules by replacing independent random variables to improve timing accuracy. Experimental results show that the correlation between modules strongly affects the delay distribution of the hierarchical design and the proposed method has good accuracy compared with Monte Carlo simulation, but is faster by three orders of magnitude.