gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cation-reinforced donor-acceptor pseudorotaxanes (2004)

Formation of a series of pseudorotaxanes from an electron-rich crown ether (host 1), pyromellitic diimide (guest 2) and alkali salt templates MX, where M = Li+ and Na+, and X− = Br−, I−, CF3SO3−, [B(C6F5)4]− and [B{3,5-(CF3)2(C6H3)}4]−, is reported. Mixing of 1 and 2 in CH2Cl2 or a mixture of CHCl3 and MeOH (98∶2) gave a pale yellow solution indicative of a very weak charge-transfer interaction. Upon addition of MX, brightly coloured solutions were obtained, resulting from a red shift and an increase in the intensity of the charge-transfer band. Structural and kinetic studies of the pseudorotaxanes were performed by NMR. The solution-phase structures of [M2·1·2]2+ are in good agreement with the solid-phase structure determined by X-ray crystallography. The remarkable templating properties of Li+ for the 1·2 donor-acceptor complex are due to the almost perfect coincidence of coordinative geometries in [Li2·1]2+ and [Li2·1·2]2+.
[A case of granulomatous orchitis in a hemodialysis patient]. (1990)

A case of granulomatous orchitis in a 47-year-old patient is described. He had a history of recurrent pyelonephritis and subsequent chronic renal failure, and was under treatment with hemodialysis therapy. He presented with painful swelling of the right scrotal contents accompanied by fever. After the unsuccessful treatment with antibiotics, an exploration of the right scrotal contents revealed the testis replaced by a hard yellow mass. An orchiectomy was performed and granulomatous orchitis was diagnosed pathologically. The clinical and etiological aspects of this rare inflammatory disease of the testis are reviewed. It is important to recognize this disease, because this is often initially thought to be neoplastic. Although the cause of this disease is still controversial, it is supposed to be associated with sperm extravasation caused by urinary tract infection or trauma.
Placental Failure and Impaired Vasculogenesis Result in Embryonic Lethality for Neuropathy Target Esterase-Deficient Mice (2004)

Age-dependent neurodegeneration resulting from widespread apoptosis of neurons and glia characterize the Drosophila Swiss Cheese (SWS) mutant. Neuropathy target esterase (NTE), the vertebrate homologue of SWS, reacts with organophosphates which initiate a syndrome of axonal degeneration. NTE is expressed in neurons and a variety of nonneuronal cell types in adults and fetal mice. To investigate the physiological functions of NTE, we inactivated its gene by targeted mutagenesis in embryonic stem cells. Heterozygous NTE(+/-) mice displayed a 50% reduction in NTE activity but underwent normal organ development. Complete inactivation of the NTE gene resulted in embryonic lethality, which became evident after gastrulation at embryonic day 9 postcoitum (E9). As early as E7.5, mutant embryos revealed growth retardation which did not reflect impaired cell proliferation but rather resulted from failed placental development; as a consequence, massive apoptosis within the developing embryo preceded its resorption. Histological analysis indicated that NTE is essential for the formation of the labyrinth layer and survival and differentiation of secondary giant cells. Additionally, impairment of vasculogenesis in the yolk sacs and embryos of null mutant conceptuses suggested that NTE is also required for normal blood vessel development.
Discovery of Pyridones As Oral AMPK Direct Activators (2013)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved fuel-sensing enzyme that is activated in shortage of energy and suppressed in its surfeit. AMPK activation stimulates fatty acid oxidation, enhances insulin sensitivity, alleviates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and inhibits proinflammatory changes. Thus, AMPK is a well-received therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Here, we will report the discovery of pyrrolopyridone derivatives as AMPK direct activators. We will illustrate the synthesis and structure-activity relationships of the series as well as some pharmacokinetic results. Some compounds exhibited encouraging oral exposure and were evaluated in a mouse diabetic model. Compound 17 showed oral activity at 30 mg/kg on blood glucose.
Isolation and Characterization of a Dibenzofuran-Degrading Yeast: Identification of Oxidation and Ring Cleavage Products (1998)

We characterized the ability of a yeast to cleave the aromatic structure of the dioxin-like compound dibenzofuran. The yeast strain was isolated from a dioxin-contaminated soil sample and identified as Trichosporon mucoides. During incubation of glucose-pregrown cells with dibenzofuran, six major metabolites were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The formation of four different monohydroxylated dibenzofurans was proven by comparison of analytical data (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) with that for authentic standards. Further oxidation produced 2, 3-dihydroxydibenzofuran and its ring cleavage product 2-(1-carboxy methylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furanylidene glycolic acid, which were characterized by mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These two metabolites are derived from 2-hydroxydibenzofuran and 3-hydroxydibenzofuran, as shown by incubation experiments using these monohydroxylated dibenzofurans as substrates.
Mutations in the connexin 32 gene in X-linked dominant Charcot- Marie - Tooth disease (CMTX1) (1994)

X-linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX1) is a peripheral neuropathy which maps to Xq13 and is flanked by the loci DXS106 (Xq11.2-q12) and DXS559 (Xq13.1). Contained within this interval of approximately 2-3Mb of DNA is the gene, connexin 32 (locus designation GJ beta 1). This gene encodes a gap junction protein which is expressed in large quantities within the liver and throughout a range of other mammalian tissues. We have sequenced the coding region of exon 2 of this gene from affected individuals in nine families with CMTX 1 and have found mutations which segregate with the disease in eight of these families. The mutations detected include missense point mutations at codons 15, 60, 63, 208, and 215, a nonsense point mutation at codon 220, deletions of one base in codon 72/3 producing a stop codon 12 codons down stream and a three base pair deletion which can be predicted to result in the loss of a single amino acid. These findings are consistent with the disease CMTX1 being the result of mutations affecting the gene connexin 32 (Cx32).
Evolution of Particle Structure during the Formation of Single-Crystal Spherical Palladium Particles by Spray Pyrolysis (1997)

The evolution of particle structure in the formation of submicron single-crystal spherical palladium particles by spray pyrolysis was investigated by observing the change of the morphology and internal structure of the particles during heat treatment. Below 700°C oxide particles with solid and homogeneous structure were formed. Decomposition of PdO took place within a particle above 700°C and an oxide layer was left on the surface of palladium particles until the decomposition is completed. The yielded palladium clusters sintered immediately and the particles shrank uniformly and dramatically as the decomposition reaction took place. The shrinkage of particles was completed almost simultaneously as the decomposition of PdO was completed, however, a little expansion was observed which is attributed to the decomposition of entrapped oxide in the particles. High temperature lead to rapid grain growth within a particle and allowed the formation of single-crystal palladium particles in the spray pyrolysis process. Particles prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at above 1200°C were single crystals and had clean surface without any amorphous or oxide layer.
Far-Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Water* (1966)

The infrared spectra of H2O and D2O in the liquid state at ambient temperature (30°C) have been remapped in the spectral region between 10 and 330 μ. The major features observed were extremely intense absorption bands with maxima at 685 and 505 cm−1 in H2O and D2O, respectively. These major bands are overlapped at the low-frequency ends by much less intense bands producing transmittance minima near 193 and 187 cm−1, respectively. No evidence was obtained for the series of narrow bands recently reported by Stanevich and Yaroslavskii. Extinction coefficients have been determined for the range 170–50 cm−1 and are compared with recent data; present data on linear absorption coefficients for H2O in the range 1500–1100 cm−1 are in fair agreement with the results of previous workers. The influence of temperature variations on the frequencies of infrared bands has been studied for all bands in the region between 4000 and 32 cm−1. Theoretical interpretation of the results is discussed briefly.
Numbering houses (1886)

Journal Article Numbering houses Get access C. A. Ward C. A. Ward 1Haverstock Hill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-II, Issue 28, 10 July 1886, Pages 21–22, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-II.28.21 Published: 10 July 1886
일부 치과의사의 구강보건보조인력 활용과 업무에 관한 조사 (2012)

The objective of this study was to identify the current status of use and respective work scopes of dental hygienists and nursing assistants as perceived by dentists, thereby obtaining a model for how to efficiently use oral health assistance personnel. This study was based on a self-reported survey administered to a total of 126 dentists. The following findings were observed. Where competition among neighborhood clinics was relatively high, nursing assistants tended to be used as a resource to assist dental hygienists, whereas where it was relatively low, they were more likely to be considered to work as full substitutes for regular dental hygienists. Looking at the scopes of practice, dental hygienists were allowed to deal with matters of preventive care, oral health education, and health insurance claims. On the other hand, nursing assistants were allowed to be in charge of taking X-ray pictures from the outside and inside of mouth and keeping medical devices clean and safe. This study is expected to contribute to establishing more reasonable oral heath personnel structure design decisions.
Activation of octamer-containing promoters by either octamer-binding transcription factor 1 (OTF-1) or OTF-2 and requirement of an additional B-cell-specific component for optimal transcription of immunoglobulin promoters. (1990)

Several distinct octamer-binding transcription factors (OTFs) interact with the sequence ATTTGCAT (the octamer motif), which acts as a transcription regulatory element for a variety of differentially controlled genes. The ubiquitous OTF-1 plays a role in expression of the cell cycle-regulated histone H2b gene as well as several other genes, while the tissue-specific OTF-2 has been implicated in the tissue-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes. In an attempt to understand the apparent transcriptional selectivity of these factors, we have investigated the physical and functional characteristics of OTF-1 purified from HeLa cells and both OTF-1 and OTF-2 purified from B cells. High-resolution footprinting and mobility shift-competition assays indicated that these factors were virtually indistinguishable in binding affinities and DNA-protein contacts on either the H2b or an immunoglobulin light-chain (kappa) promoter. In addition, each of the purified factors showed an equivalent intrinsic capacity to activate transcription from either immunoglobulin promoters (kappa and heavy chain) or the H2b promoter in OTF-depleted HeLa and B-cell extracts. However, with OTF-depleted HeLa extracts, neither factor could restore immunoglobulin gene transcription to the relatively high level observed in unfractionated B-cell extracts. Restoration of full immunoglobulin gene activity appears to require an additional B-cell regulatory component which interacts with the OTFs. The additional B-cell factor could act either by facilitating interaction of OTF activation domains with components of the general transcriptional machinery or by contributing a novel activation domain.
Anodized aluminum coatings for thermal control. II - Environmental effects and cracking (1992)

The environmental effects of thermal cycling and humidity on coating cracking are examined. Experimental measurements of thermal deflection were used to calculate values for the thermal expansion coefficient and the in situ elastic modulus of an anodized aluminum. The thermal expansion coefficient is found to be approximately the same as for alumina in bulk form. The modulus in atmospheres with less than 100 ppm water is about 12,500 ksi. Two sets of experiments are used to study cracking directly during thermal excursions: one determines the minimum temperature (Tc) at which cracks first appear during a single heating cycle and the other involves rapid thermal cycling (RTC) between fixed T max and T min values. Fatigue models for describing initiation of the first crack and the development of multiple cracking are presented, which can be used as the basis for prediction of LEO cracking.
One-Pot Synthesis of Benzo[<i>b</i>]furan and Indole Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization (2002)

Benzo[b]furan and indole analogues of some recently identified benzo[b]thiophene inhibitors of tubulin polymerization have been prepared, and their biological activity has been assessed. Several very potent analogues were identified.
SSAM: Solid-State Automated Microscope (1982)

A new microscope system that is designed to provide images for a computer has been built and tested. This system differs from previous computerized microscopes in that the fundamental design parameters have been tuned to the computer as the receiver of the image instead of the human visual system. This solid-state automated microscope system (SSAM) simultaneously provides wide-field (2mm), high-resolution (0.5 μ), high signal-to-noise images (53 dB) at data rates of 5 X 106 pixels/s. Various methods have been developed and used to test the design specifications of the system against the actual performance.
Optical WDM Networks: Concepts and Design Principles (2004)

The essential guide to the state of the art in WDM and its vast networking potential As a result of its huge transmission capacity and countless other advantages, fiber optics has fostered a bandwidth revolution, addressing the constantly growing demand for increased bandwidth. Within this burgeoning area, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) has emerged as a breakthrough technology for exploiting the capacity of optical fibers. Today, WDM is deployed by many network providers for point-to-point transmission-but there is strong momentum to develop it as a full-fledged networking technology in its own right. The telecommunications industry, network service providers, and research communities worldwide are paying close attention. Optical WDM Networks presents an easy-to-follow introduction to basic concepts, key issues, effective solutions, and state-of-the-art technologies for wavelength-routed WDM networks. Responding to the need for resources focused on the networking potential of WDM, the book is organized in terms of the most important networking aspects, such as: * Network control architecture * Routing and wavelength assignment * Virtual topology design and reconfiguration * Distributed lightpath control and management * Optical-layer protection and restoration * IP over WDM * Trends for the future in optical networks Each chapter includes examples and problems that illustrate and offer practical application of concepts, as well as extensive references for further reading. This is an essential resource for professionals and students in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science as well as network engineers, designers, planners, operators, and managers who seek a backbone of knowledge in optical networks
The Release of Singlet Oxygen in the Reaction of Dioxiranes with AmineN-Oxides (1998)

The reactivity of dimethyldioxirane and methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane towards the amine N-oxides 1a–13a and ammonium derivatives 13b–d has been investigated. In the dioxirane oxidation of the tertiary amines and nitrogen heteroarenes, the expected N-oxides are not always formed. Instead, the in situ generated N-oxides are deoxygenated by the dioxirane with the release of singlet oxygen (1O2) at comparable or even higher rates than the amine oxidation. The amount of 1O2 has been quantified by IR chemiluminescence and by chemical trapping with 9,10-dimethylanthracene. The nucleophilicity of the N-oxide determines the efficacy of the 1O2 release in the deoxygenation. Thus, for the less nucleophilic heteroaromatic N-oxides, the deoxygenation of the amine oxide competes ineffectively with the oxidation of the amine. The ammonium derivatives 13b–d do not promote the decomposition of the dioxiranes; as expected, they are epoxidized.
The effect of phase-shifter errors on the performance of an antenna-array beamformer (1985)

The paper considers the random phase errors in the phase shifters which are used in an antenna array to steer the beam in the look direction, and analyzes the effect of these errors on the performance of the optimal processor which maximizes the output SNR by deriving the expressions for the output signal power, residual interference power, output SNR, and the array gain as a function of the variance of these errors. The paper also considers the phase quantization error which arises in the digital phase shifters and shows how the performance of the optimal processor depends on the number of bits of the digital phase shifters.
Coronary Artery Surgery Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Usefulness of the Surgical Blower-Humidifier (1992)

Coronary artery bypass surgery can be performed without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Bleeding obscuring the operative field and hemodilution of shed blood with irrigating saline are some of the drawbacks of this technique. We report the use of a newly developed surgical blower-humidifier (custom made [Research Medical, Inc.]) for improved visualization and facilitation of coronary artery surgery without CPB.
Fluorescence anisotropy: from single molecules to live cells (2010)

The polarization of light emitted by fluorescent probes is an easily accessible physical quantity that is related to a multitude of molecular parameters including conformation, orientation, size and the nanoscale environment conditions, such as dynamic viscosity and temperature. In analytical biochemistry and analytical chemistry applied to biological problems, fluorescence anisotropy is widely used for measuring the folding state of proteins and nucleic acids, and the affinity constant of ligands through titration experiments. The emphasis of this review is on new multi-parameter single-molecule detection schemes and their bioanalytical applications, and on the use of ensemble polarization assays to study binding and conformational dynamics of proteins and aptamers and for high-throughput discovery of small-molecule drugs.
Evaluation of antioxidant and DNA protection activities in the extracts of the Terminalia catappa leaves (2010)

Terminalia catappa (Combretaceae) is used commonly as a folk medicine in Taiwan, and has been claimed to have therapeutic effects in hepatitis and liver related diseases [1, 2]. The leaves, bark and fruit of the Terminalia catappa have also been commonly used as a folk medicine for antidiarrheic, antipyretic and haemostatic purposes in India, Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia [3]. The extracts from the Terminalia catappa leaves were used in this study. Antioxidant activities were measured by both 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) scavenging and 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz- thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS·+) decolourisation methods. To further evaluate the effect of Terminalia catappa extracts on UV induced DNA damages, the DNA protection assay was employed. Terminalia catappa leaf extracts had effective DPPH bleaching activity and ABTS·+ radical scavenging activity in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, the Terminalia catappa leaf extracts to inhibit the oxidative DNA damages were assessed by measuring the conversion of supercoiled pUC119 plasmid DNA to the linear forms. UV irradiation of DNA with hydrogen peroxide resulted in the formation of linear forms of DNA, indicating double-strand DNA breaks. Addition of Terminalia catappa plant extracts to DNA resulted in a partial inhibition of the conversion of supercoiled DNA to linear forms, indicating that the Terminalia catappa plant extract was able to protect plasmid DNA against hydroxyl radical induced oxidative damage. The inhibition of hydroxyl radical induced DNA strand breaks by Terminalia catappa plant extracts exhibited a concentration dependent relationship.
Alternative <i>Saccharomyces</i> interspecies hybrid combinations and their potential for low‐temperature wort fermentation (2017)

The lager yeast hybrid (Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces eubayanus) possesses two key characteristics that are essential for lager brewing: efficient sugar utilization and cold tolerance. Here we explore the possibility that the lager yeast phenotype can be recreated by hybridizing S. cerevisiae ale yeast with a number of cold-tolerant Saccharomyces species including Saccharomyces arboricola, Saccharomyces eubayanus, Saccharomyces mikatae and Saccharomyces uvarum. Interspecies hybrids performed better than parental strains in lager brewing conditions (12°C and 12°P wort), with the S. mikatae hybrid performing as well as the S. eubayanus hybrid. Where the S. cerevisiae parent was capable of utilizing maltotriose, this trait was inherited by the hybrids. A greater production of higher alcohols and esters by the hybrids resulted in the production of more aromatic beers relative to the parents. Strong fermentation performance relative to the parents was dependent on ploidy, with polyploid hybrids (3n, 4n) performing better than diploid hybrids. All hybrids produced 4-vinyl guaiacol, a smoke/clove aroma generally considered an off flavour in lager beer. This characteristic could however be eliminated by isolating spore clones from a fertile hybrid of S. cerevisiae and S. mikatae. The results suggest that S. eubayanus is dispensable when constructing yeast hybrids that express the typical lager yeast phenotype. © 2017 The Authors. Yeast published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions in Micellar Systems (2005)

The notion of "green chemistry" has encouraged even synthetic organic chemists to include water as a solvent. Incredible selectivities and activities can be achieved through the addition of amphiphiles with a defined structure. The morphology of supramolecular assemblies or associates formed by surfactants vary according to the temperature and concentration. As a rule, reactions are typically conducted using simple spherical aggregates, that is, micelles in the nanometer range. The strong polarity gradient present between the hydrophilic surface and the hydrophobic core of the micelle means that both nonpolar and polar reagents can be solubilized. This solubilization results in reactants becoming more concentrated within the micelle than in the surrounding water phase and leads to an acceleration of the reaction and causes selective effects. The kinetic treatment of reactions in micellar systems can be accomplished by considering them as microheterogeneous two-phase systems.