gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dopant-dependent reflectivity and refractive index of microcrystalline molybdenum–bronze thin films (2002)

Reflectivity spectra of HxMoO3 and LixMoO3 thin films were measured over the photon energy range from 0.4 to 4.2 eV. It was found that microcrystalline molybdenum bronzes have reflectances between 6% and 30% over the concentration x, range 0⩽x⩽0.64. Values for the real part of the refractive index n were also determined from the refined reflectivity data using different numerical techniques depending upon the dispersive and nondispersive regions in the data. The values of high-frequency dielectric constant εhf of ZxMoO3 (Z=H+,Li+) bronzes were determined from the refractive index data to estimate the effective electronic masses involved in the optical and/or polaronic transitions. We interpret the optical data using the modified Drude–Zener model together with a single-oscillator model to differentiate between bound and free electronic states. Using a single-oscillator model, the oscillator energy Ea and the dispersion energy Ed were found to increase and decrease, respectively, with increasing x values, opposite to what occurs in crystalline molybdenum bronzes. These findings support the fact that Bloch electrons are almost absent in the investigated microcrystalline bronzes. The small reflectivity crests and the observed shift of the minimum reflectivity (or minimum refractive index) toward higher frequency with increasing x value in ZxMoO3 appear to be consistent with polaronic hopping, which arises from the excitation of electrons from localized in-gap states of Mo5+ ions into higher impurity states of Mo6+ (or Mo4+) ions within the optical band gap.
Characterization of the Apatite Crystals of Bone and their Maturation in Osteoblast Cell Culture: Comparison with Native Bone Crystals (1996)

Calcium phosphate crystals deposited in the organic matrix synthesized by chick bone osteoblasts in culture were studied by x-ray and electron diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemical composition. The amounts of mineral phase deposited with time and the extent of calcification (% of mineral phase in the tissue) were also determined as a function of time, as were the nature of the changes in the short range order of the crystals. The amount of mineral deposited and the extent of calcification increased with time; the tissue not only contained more crystals of apatite, but the extent of calcification also increased with time as it does in vivo. After 30 days of culture the extent of calcification in the cell culture matrix was similar to that in late chick embryonic and early postnatal chick tibiae. The nature of the CO3 and HPD4 environments were similar to those found in vivo although the concentrations of these ions and the changes in their concentrations with time appeared to develop more slowly in cell culture than they do in vivo. However, the general overall pathway of maturation was similar in cell culture to that observed in vivo.
Rain Attenuation at 10-30 GHz Along Earth-Space Paths: Elevation Angle, Frequency, Seasonal, and Diurnal Effects (1981)

Three experimental programs at Bell Laboratories, Crawford Hill, NJ, have collected rain attenuation data at three frequencies in the 10-30 GHz range for over 2 years. As expected from a simple geometrical model, rain attenuation statistics scale approximately as the cosecant of the path elevation angle. Thus, greater attenuation is encountered on lower elevation angle paths. The increased rain attenuation at higher frequencies is illustrated by comparing cumulative rain attenuation distributions at three widely separated frequencies. Typical year-to-year variations in these distributions are presented. Periods of severe rain attenuation are shown to occur more frequently during the summer months and during the afternoon hours. Cumulative attenuation distributions are compared for these and other time periods.
The Preparation and Properties of Some 1,2-Dihydrophthalazine Derivatives (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Properties of Some 1,2-Dihydrophthalazine DerivativesRICHARD F. SMITH and EDWARD D. OTREMBACite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 3, 879–882Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01050a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01050a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acutely Transforming Retrovirus Expressing Nras Generated from HT-1080 Fibrosarcoma Cells Infected with the Human Retrovirus XMRV (2010)

Virus from HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells infected with the human retrovirus XMRV (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus) can induce rare foci of transformation in rat 208F fibroblasts. Characterization of three such foci revealed that one produced an acutely transforming virus at a high titer. The virus consists of a mutant Nras cDNA from the HT-1080 cells inserted into a retroviral vector (added to the HT-1080 cells as a marker for infection) in place of internal vector sequences. These results show that XMRV can generate acutely transforming viruses at a low rate, as is typical of other replication-competent retroviruses, and reveal the potential for transforming virus contamination of retroviral vectors made from transformed cell lines.
Dramatic criticism (1929)

Dramatic criticism Get access P. McP P. McP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 156, Issue 7, 16 February 1929, Page 116, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/156.7.116b Published: 16 February 1929
TLR7-mediated skin inflammation remotely triggers chemokine expression and leukocyte accumulation in the brain (2016)

These findings demonstrate that cutaneous, peripheral immune stimulation is associated with significant leukocyte infiltration into the brain and suggest that chemokines may be amongst the key mediators driving this response.
Hepatoprotective Effects of the Shark Bile Salt 5<i>β</i>-Scymnol on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Damage in Mice (1996)

The hepatoprotective effect of the shark bile salt 5β-Scymnol has been studied in the model of acute hepatotoxicity induced by administration of acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol). 5β-Scymnol at doses of 20, 35, and 70 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip) decreased significantly the serum activity of alanine aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05) caused by APAP treatment (350 mg/kg ip) alone. The highest dose of 5β-Scymnol remained hepatoprotective when administered 4 hr after the APAP overdose. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is protective against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity at 250 and 500 mg/kg (ip) when administered up to 3 hr after APAP overdose, as shown by a significant reduction in serum enzyme activity. Coadministration of 5β-Scymnol (70 mg/kg) and NAC (250 mg/kg) also reduced serum enzyme levels and histopathological effects; however, a similar level of hepatoprotection was conferred by 5β-Scymnol treatment alone. In addition, 5β-scymnol has potent hydroxyl radical quenching activity as it markedly inhibited deoxyribose degradation in a ferrous/ascorbate Fenton reaction system. These results indicate a possible role for the use of 5β-scymnol, either alone or concomitant with NAC, in the prevention of hepatic necrosis following toxic doses of APAP.
Quality of life of cervical cancer patients (2020)

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is known as the highest cause of death after breast cancer. It is gynecological cancer contributing to the top cause of death in women. Sexual and reproductive issues can reduce the quality of life of women with cervical cancer. WHO defines the quality of life as an individual's perception in the cultural context and value system in which the individual experiences and is related to their goals, expectations, standards, and affairs. It gives the concept of an individual's physical health, psychological conditions, one's beliefs, social relationships, and one's involvement with something meaningful in their environment. This article will explain the definition, symptoms, and staging of cervical cancer, the definition of the quality of life, the meaning of excellence for the cervical cancer patient, and the facts that affect the quality of life. Keywords : quality of life, cervical cancer, reproductive organ cancerCorrespondence : mayangwulan8@gmail.com
Characterization of the coal derived humic acids from Mukah, Sarawak as soil conditioner (2006)

In Malaysia, abundant coal resources were found in Sarawak and Sabah. The utilization of coal resources, to date, is emphasized on the energy productions. The non-energy utilization as soil conditioner is unexplored. Therefore, this study attempted to characterize the coal humic acids extracted from Mukah coal and to evaluate its properties as soil conditioner. The coal humic acids from the regenerated sample were also assessed. The results revealed that different extractants and concentrations influenced the properties of humic acids. The extraction with KOH at 0.5 mol L-1 produced humic acids with low ash content and high acidic functional groups, which are substantial as soil conditioner. However, the yield was low. Regeneration of coal sample with 10% nitric acids improved the yield to an average of 83.45%. The acidic functional groups of nitrohumic acids were improved with the ash content remained at a low level.
Transplanted neural stem/precursor cells instruct phagocytes and reduce secondary tissue damage in the injured spinal cord (2012)

Transplanted neural stem/precursor cells possess peculiar therapeutic plasticity and can simultaneously instruct several therapeutic mechanisms in addition to cell replacement. Here, we interrogated the therapeutic plasticity of neural stem/precursor cells after their focal implantation in the severely contused spinal cord. We injected syngeneic neural stem/precursor cells at the proximal and distal ends of the contused mouse spinal cord and analysed locomotor functions and relevant secondary pathological events in the mice, cell fate of transplanted neural stem/precursor cells, and gene expression and inflammatory cell infiltration at the injured site. We used two different doses of neural stem/precursor cells and two treatment schedules, either subacute (7 days) or early chronic (21 days) neural stem/precursor cell transplantation after the induction of experimental thoracic severe spinal cord injury. Only the subacute transplant of neural stem/precursor cells enhanced the recovery of locomotor functions of mice with spinal cord injury. Transplanted neural stem/precursor cells survived undifferentiated at the level of the peri-lesion environment and established contacts with endogenous phagocytes via cellular-junctional coupling. This was associated with significant modulation of the expression levels of important inflammatory cell transcripts in vivo. Transplanted neural stem/precursor cells skewed the inflammatory cell infiltrate at the injured site by reducing the proportion of 'classically-activated' (M1-like) macrophages, while promoting the healing of the injured cord. We here identify a precise window of opportunity for the treatment of complex spinal cord injuries with therapeutically plastic somatic stem cells, and suggest that neural stem/precursor cells have the ability to re-programme the local inflammatory cell microenvironment from a 'hostile' to an 'instructive' role, thus facilitating the healing or regeneration past the lesion.
Celecoxib analogs that lack COX-2 inhibitory function: preclinical development of novel anticancer drugs (2008)

Celecoxib is an NSAID that was developed as a selective inhibitor of COX-2 and approved by the FDA for the treatment of various forms of arthritis and the management of acute or chronic pain. In addition, it was more recently approved as an oral adjunct to prevent colon cancer development in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and is presently being investigated for its chemotherapeutic potential in the therapy of advanced cancers. However, in laboratory studies it was discovered that celecoxib was able to suppress tumor growth in the absence of any apparent involvement of COX-2, and additional pharmacologic activities associated with this drug were found. Intriguingly, the two pharmacologic effects, inhibition of COX-2 and suppression of tumor growth, were found to reside in different structural aspects of the celecoxib molecule and, therefore, could be separated. This dualism enabled the synthesis of close structural analogs of celecoxib that exhibited increased antitumor potency in the absence of COX-2 inhibition. In theory, such compounds should be superior to celecoxib for antitumor purposes because they might reduce gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks and the life-threatening side effects that appear during the long-term use of selective COX-2 inhibitors. In this review, the authors present the status of preclinical development of anticancer analogs of celecoxib that are COX-2 inactive, with an emphasis on 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC) and OSU-03012.
REDDENED BEDS IN THE COAL MEASURES BENEATH THE PERMIAN OF DURHAM AND SOUTH NORTHUMBERLAND (1953)

Summary A zone of reddening of Coal Measures sediments averaging 25 ft. thick underlies the sub-Permian surface in Durham and south-east Northumberland. It is present irrespective of stratigraphical horizon. The fact that the basal Permian sands and the Permian limestones which rest on the surface are nowhere reddened is regarded as conclusive evidence that the reddening of the Coal Measures strata took place before the commencement of Permian sedimentation in the area. Petrographical study indicates that it is due to oxidation of pyrite and chalybite in situ and to introduction of red iron oxide along joints and in the pore-spaces of sandstones. It is suggested that hot-humid uplands during the Coal Measures-Zechstein interval became covered with thick red soils, perhaps in part protected by rain forests. Erosion of these soils from remaining high areas in late Zechstein, Bunter and Keuper times may have contributed towards “Red Bed” sediments.
Electronic structure and <sup>13</sup> C Nmr (1976)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction and Theory Alkanes Aromatics Alkenes Functional Groups Organometallics Carbonium Ions Conclusion
Details of the Ultrafast DNA Photo-Cross-Linking Reaction of 3-Cyanovinylcarbazole Nucleoside: <i>Cis–Trans</i> Isomeric Effect and the Application for SNP-Based Genotyping (2013)

To clarify the cis-trans isomeric effect on the ultrafast DNA photo-cross-linking reaction of 3-cyanovinylcarbazole nucleoside ((CNV)K) in the DNA duplex, which gives a single photodimer on the reversed-phase HPLC chromatogram, the kinetics of the cis-trans photoisomerization of (CNV)K in double-stranded DNA was evaluated. Since the photoisomerization rate constant for cis to trans isomerization in double-stranded DNA was significantly larger than that for trans to cis isomerization, and the thermodynamic stability of the trans isomer was higher than that of the cis isomer, it was strongly suggested that the trans isomer of (CNV)K is a reactive species of the photo-cross-linking reaction. (1)H-(1)H NOESY analysis of the photoadduct consisting of (CNV)K and T also supported the trans-mediated photo-cross-linking reaction of (CNV)K. By using this ultrafast photo-cross-linking reaction for the molecular beacon-based SNPs typing, four individual Japanese rice strains were clearly distinguishable with simple photoirradiation and fluorescence imaging using double-stranded target DNAs.
Maximum activities of some enzymes of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and ketone-body and glutamine utilization pathways in lymphocytes of the rat (1982)

1. The maximum activity of hexokinase in lymphocytes is similar to that of 6-phosphofructokinase, but considerably greater than that of phosphorylase, suggesting that glucose rather than glycogen is the major carbohydrate fuel for these cells. Starvation increased slightly the activities of some of the glycolytic enzymes. A local immunological challenge in vivo (a graft-versus-host reaction) increased the activities of hexokinase, 6-phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, confirming the importance of the glycolytic pathway in cell division. 2. The activities of the ketone-body-utilizing enzymes were lower than those of hexokinase or 6-phosphofructokinase, unlike in muscle and brain, and were not affected by starvation. It is suggested that the ketone bodies will not provide a quantitatively important alternative fuel to glucose in lymphocytes. 3. Of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle whose activities were measured, that of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase was the lowest, yet its activity (about 4.0mumol/min per g dry wt. at 37 degrees C) was considerably greater than the flux through the cycle (0.5mumol/min per g calculated from oxygen consumption by incubated lymphocytes). The activity was decreased by starvation, but that of citrate synthase was increased by the local immunological challenge in vivo. It is suggested that the rate of the cycle would increase towards the capacity indicated by oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in proliferating lymphocytes. 4. Enzymes possibly involved in the pathway of glutamine oxidation were measured in lymphocytes, which suggests that an aminotransferase reaction(s) (probably aspartate aminotransferase) is important in the conversion of glutamate into oxoglutarate rather than glutamate dehydrogenase, and that the maximum activity of glutaminase is markedly in excess of the rate of glutamine utilization by incubated lymphocytes. The activity of glutaminase is increased by both starvation and the local immunological challenge in vivo. This last finding suggests that metabolism of glutamine via glutaminase is important in proliferating lymphocytes.
Stress investigation of PECVD dielectric layers for advanced optical MEMS (2003)

Detailed stress investigations of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide defined by PECVD are presented. The spatial variation of the stress of the dielectric material is evaluated by both, laser induced diffraction imaging method (macroscopically averaged stress) and by a large number of laterally distributed MEMS structures on the wafer (microscopically detected stress). By changing the duty cycle of two different plasma excitation frequencies during the deposition, the stress of silicon nitride (deposited at 300 °C) is controlled in a wide range from +850 MPa (compressive) to −300 MPa (tensile). A similar dependence is also observed for silicon nitride deposited at 60 °C. In contrast, silicon dioxide shows in both cases no strong frequency dependence. The microscopically detecting involves a low cost MEMS technology based on photoresist as sacrificial layer. Applying this technology, differently shaped Fabry–Pérot filter membranes with various stress values are implemented. The cavity length of the filters and the radii of curvatures of the upper DBR membranes are also varied. Concave, convex and flat membranes with radii of curvature of −0.31 mm, 0.19 mm and −184.71 mm, respectively, are produced.
Survey of Mechanical Filters and Their Applications (1957)

Since the inception of mechanical filters several years ago, their many desirable features have resulted in many applications. As filtering requirements have become more stringent, the improved performance of mechanical filters has become more pronounced. Q's in the order of a hundred times better than those of comparable electrical circuits are possible. These high Q's allow the use of lossless filter design for narrow bandwidth flat-top filters with more than one section. The mechanical filter allows compact design which is consistent with the miniaturization of modern equipment. Although numerous mechanical filters structures have been built, three types have found the most application. These are the ladder type with resonant plates interconnected by fine wires, the cylindrical rod structure machined to produce alternate necks and slugs, and a cylindrical arrangement with disk resonators interconnected by coupling wires. The center frequency, bandwidth, and filter skirt selectivity are a function of element sizes, spacing, and number of elements used. Proper selection of resonator size and shape, and proper arrangement of driving and coupling elements will suppress spurious responses, which are a major problem in mechanical filter design. Transducers used with mechanical filters provide for the converting of electrical to mechanical energy or mechanical to electrical energy and impedance matching of the filter. Of the four kinds of transducers that have been employed-electromagnetic, electrostatic, magnetostrictive, and piezoelectric-the magnetostrictive have been the most promising in regard to high frequency of operation, stability, efficiency, and economy.