gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous vertebroplasty: new treatment for vertebral compression fractures. (2002)

Interventional radiologists have been performing image-guided spinal procedures for many years. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a newer technique in which a medical grade cement is injected though a needle into a painful fractured vertebral body. This stabilizes the fracture, allowing most patients to discontinue or significantly decrease analgesics and resume normal activity. The impact of this procedure on the morbidity and expense associated with symptomatic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the United States may be significant. Patients who are unresponsive to conservative therapy of bed rest, analgesics, and back bracing should be considered for vertebroplasty. This procedure is contraindicated in patients with active infection, untreated coagulopathy, and certain types of fracture morphology. Because many patients have multiple chronic fractures, there should be a strong correlation between the physical examination signs, symptoms, and cross-sectional imaging findings. The success rate for this procedure in treating osteoporotic fractures is 73 to 90 percent. Vertebroplasty can effectively treat aggressive hemangiomas of the vertebral body and may be palliative in patients with malignant pathologic fractures. Significant complications of the procedure are less than 1 percent.
Comparing functional annotation analyses with Catmap (2004)

In gene category analyses of ranked gene lists, a cutoff independent score is preferable. The choice of null hypothesis is very important; random gene permutations does not work well as an approximation to sample label permutations.
On sparse controllability of graph signals (2016)

Controlling the behavior of a signal defined over a graph by acting on a limited set of nodes is a problem that finds application in many fields. In this paper, we merge recently developed tools in graph signal processing with control theory of complex networks and consider the reconstruction of bandlimited graph signals from their samples through a diffusion process properly driven by a subset of control nodes. Then, we propose an optimization algorithm aimed at minimizing the control energy incorporating a regularization term whose goal is to promote sparsity across time and nodes jointly.
Secure and Mobile VoIP (2007)

The rapid growth of computing, the Internet and telecommunications systems have resulted in a broad range of ways to communicate and access information. voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) is a computer telephony integration (CTI) solution that transports voice traffic over a data network as an alternative to the plain old telephone service (POTS). VoIP products promise converged telecommunications and data services that are cheaper, more versatile and provide higher voice quality as compared to traditional offerings. Although VoIP products are rapidly gaining market share with home users, uptake in the enterprise market has remained slow as a result of security and mobility concerns. This paper addresses the issues surrounding VoIP security and mobility through the integration of robust security features into a lightweight VoIP protocol that is tailored for mobile devices. A theoretical approach is realized with the development of a software prototype whose security and mobility properties are analyzed.
Abnormal slow crack growth in polyethylene (1997)

The normal slow crack growth behaviour of polyethylenes consists of a ductile-brittle transition where the transition to brittle fracture occurs below a critical stress and after a critical time. The curves of stress vs. failure time depend on temperature, but all curves can be shifted vertically and horizontally by well established shift functions. It has been observed that there are some polyethylenes whose stress vs. time to failure curves do not shift in the normal way and in some cases the time for brittle fracture does not change with temperature. SEM micrographs do not reveal any difference between the fibrillated fractured surfaces from the normal and abnormal specimens. Whereas the normal slow crack growth behaviour has been attributed to the disentanglement of the molecules by sliding without chain scission, it is proposed that the abnormal fracture behaviour may involve a disentanglement mechanism that consists of a combination of chain sliding and scission.
Biventricular myocardial strains with anatomical nurbs models from tagged mri (2004)

Current research is presented in which both left and right ventricular deformation is estimated from tagged cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using volumetric deformable models constructed from nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS). Based on the shape of the left ventricle two ‘base surface’ parameterizations are investigated—the prolate sphere and the cylinder. The typical formulation of NURBS objects employs a control point Cartesian basis. However, extending the control point basis to include both a prolate-spheroidal and a cylindrical description leads to the consideration of four model types for strain analysis: Cartesian-based NURBS models with both a cylindrical and prolate-spheroidal parameterization, prolate spheroidal-based NURBS models with a prolate-spheroidal parameterization, and cylindrical-based NURBS models with a cylindrical parameterization. 
For each frame subsequent to end-diastole, a NURBS model is constructed by fitting two surfaces with the same parameterization to the corresponding set of epicardial and endocardial contours from which a volumetric model is created. Using normal displacements of the three sets of orthogonal tag planes as well as displacements of contour/tag line intersection points and tag plane intersection points, one can solve for the optimal homogeneous coordinates, in a weighted least squares sense, of the control points of the deformed NURBS model at end-diastole using quadratic programming. This allows for subsequent forward displacement fitting from end-diastole to all later time frames. After fitting to all time points of data, lofting the NURBS model for all time points creates a comprehensive 4-D NURBS model. From this model, we can extract 3-D myocardial deformation fields and corresponding strain maps which are local measures of non-rigid deformation.
Changing Patterns of Anal Canal Carcinoma in the United States (2013)

CIS and SCCA incidence increased dramatically after 1997 for men and women, although men were more likely to be diagnosed with CIS. These changes likely resulted from available screening in men and argue for efforts to identify high-risk individuals who may benefit from screening.
Combined niche and neutral effects in a microbial wastewater treatment community (2010)

It has long been assumed that differences in the relative abundance of taxa in microbial communities reflect differences in environmental conditions. Here we show that in the economically and environmentally important microbial communities in a wastewater treatment plant, the population dynamics are consistent with neutral community assembly, where chance and random immigration play an important and predictable role in shaping the communities. Using dynamic observations, we demonstrate a straightforward calibration of a purely neutral model and a parsimonious method to incorporate environmental influence on the reproduction (or birth) rate of individual taxa. The calibrated model parameters are biologically plausible, with the population turnover and diversity in the heterotrophic community being higher than for the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and immigration into AOB community being relatively higher. When environmental factors were incorporated more of the variance in the observations could be explained but immigration and random reproduction and deaths remained the dominant driver in determining the relative abundance of the common taxa. Consequently we suggest that neutral community models should be the foundation of any description of an open biological system.
Surgery in transsexuals. (1986)

A review was made of transsexual patients who presented at a clinic for treatment. A total of 154 patients were seen over 6 years. There were 16 female to male transsexuals and 138 male to female transsexuals. Psychiatric screening was a mandatory prerequisite. Hormonal treatment for the transsexual had been started with no exception, prior to consultation. The scope of surgery and its limitations were described to the patient. The female to male transsexual had to undergo a multistaged procedure that included mastectomy, hysterectomy, raising of the penile pedicle, mobilising of the pedicle, insertion of silicone stiffener, and use of testicular prosthesis. Urethral diversion was not attempted. The surgical technique for the male transsexual utilised an inverted U flap on the perineum. Bilateral orchidectomy was performed. The penile skin flap was filletted. The vaginal tunnel was created by sharp and blunt dissection. The urethra was mobilised and translocated. The excess scrotal skin formed the labia. The most serious complication that occurred was that of rectovaginal fistula. Other complications included vaginal stenosis, urethral stenosis and labial abscess.
Osmotic stress in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: low tolerance towards nonionic osmotic stress results from lacking activation of glucosylglycerol accumulation (2006)

In order to compare the molecular principles of the acclimatization of bacterial cells to salt and nonionic osmotic stress, the moderately halotolerant cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was challenged by salt (NaCl), and the osmolytes sorbitol and maltose. The physiological response towards each of the three compounds was found to be different. After salt addition, the cell volume remained unchanged, and the accumulation of the osmoprotective compound glucosylglycerol (GG) was observed after activation of the key enzyme GgpS at the biochemical and gene (ggpS) expression level. Sorbitol addition had only minor effects on the cell volume. In spite of the fact that the ggpS expression was increased, the GgpS enzyme was not activated, resulting in the absence of GG accumulation. In contrast the cells accumulated sorbitol, which served as a compatible solute and assured a certain osmotic resistance. In comparison to NaCl and sorbitol, the addition of maltose caused a strong decrease in cell volume indicating water efflux. However, no osmolyte accumulation was observed, resulting in an osmosensitive phenotype. Consequently, a successful response of Synechocystis cells to an osmotic challenge is indicative of the de novo synthesis of GG upon salt-dependent activation of the GgpS enzyme or the uptake of external solutes.
0.5 W/cm[sup 2] Direct Methanol-Air Fuel Cell (2004)

We report on the properties and performance of nanoporous proton-conducting membrane-based direct methanol fuel cell DMFC operated with triflic acid. Replacement of sulfuric acid (which adsorbs on platinum) by triflic acid (which does not) and the use of a higher quality membrane led to an increase in cell power by up to 250% (up to at 130°C) and to a decrease in both anodic and cathodic overvoltages. Three more factors seem to be responsible for this high power, reduction in water hydraulic pressure at the cathode, decrease in the partial vapor pressure of water at the cathode, and decrease in cell resistance. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in RAS-Driven Melanoma (2005)

The identification of essential genetic elements in pathways governing the maintenance of fully established tumors is critical to the development of effective antioncologic agents. Previous studies revealed an essential role for H-RAS(V12G) in melanoma maintenance in an inducible transgenic model. Here, we sought to define the molecular basis for RAS-dependent tumor maintenance through determination of the H-RAS(V12G)-directed transcriptional program and subsequent functional validation of potential signaling surrogates. The extinction of H-RAS(V12G) expression in established tumors was associated with alterations in the expression of proliferative, antiapoptotic, and angiogenic genes, a profile consistent with the observed phenotype of tumor cell proliferative arrest and death and endothelial cell apoptosis during tumor regression. In particular, these melanomas displayed a prominent RAS-dependent regulation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, leading to establishment of an EGF receptor signaling loop. Genetic complementation and interference studies demonstrated that this signaling loop is essential to H-RAS(V12G)-directed tumorigenesis. Thus, this inducible tumor model system permits the identification and validation of alternative points of therapeutic intervention without neutralization of the primary genetic lesion.
Design of Access Control Model for Secure EDI Service (2000)

EDI is basically the concept of computer-to-computer exchange of messages relating to various types of activities or business areas, such as banking, trade, medicine, publishing, etc. Therefore, security, reliability and special functionality will be implicit requirements of EDI systems. We will design access control model to content security of these requirements. Access controls in information systems are responsible for ensuring that all direct access to the entities occur exclusively according to the access modes and rules fixed by security policies. On this paper, security policies for access control model are presented from the viewpoints of identity-based, rule-based, role-based policy. We give a design of access control model for secure EDI service based on the derived access control rules and operations to enforce the defined security policies. The proposed access control model provides integrity, confidentiality and a flow control of EDI messages.
Improving Residence Time Distribution in Glass Melting Tanks Using Additionally Generated Lorentz Forces (2015)

Continuous glass melting tanks represent thermo-chemical reactors with very complex flow patterns. Controlling the flow patterns within the glass melting tanks with the aim of improving their performance is one of the glass industry primary challenges. The tank performance is basically determined by the RTD (residence time distribution) of the glass melt, which directly impacts the glass quality and energy distribution. In the present work, numerical simulations are carried out on the electromagnetic flow control to investigate how well the flow can be controlled by externally generated electromagnetic (Lorenz) forces that are added to the glass melt. Furthermore, the melting tanks are equipped with supplementary electric heating systems called "electric boosters". The desired result would be an improved RTD. The electromagnetic flow control is called "electromagnetic boosting" and can be realized by exposing the glass bath to an external magnetic field generating Lorentz forces on the glass melt as an additional flow component. The numerical simulations of the present study require coupled calculations of electromagnetic field, flow field, and temperature field, because the material properties of glass melt are strongly temperature-dependent. The computational results show that electromagnetic boosting is an excellent way of improving the RTD in glass melting tanks, ultimately resulting in better glass quality and increased productivity. Of course, the glass industry is highly interested in achieving exactly this result.
Lanthanum beryllate: A new rare-earth ion laser host (1975)

Optical quality crystals, measuring up to 2.5×20 cm, of the compound La2Be2O5 : Nd3+ have been grown from the melt. The results of physical- and optical-property measurements and laser testing (long pulse, Q switched, and cw mode) are reported. Linearly polarized laser oscillations at 1.07 and 1.08 μm are observed. Long-pulse slope efficiencies about 60% greater than for YAG : Nd at comparable pumping thresholds and Q-switched energy storage nearly three times that of YAG : Nd are also observed.
High Current Medium Voltage Bidirectional Solid State Circuit Breaker using SiC JFET Super Cascode (2020)

DC power systems found in electric transport, data centers and residential microgrid applications maintain a demand for fast, reliable and efficient power electronics in the Medium Voltage (MV) range. DC systems are inherently more sensitive to faults due to low system impedance and voltage sensitivity of accompanying power electronics creating a need for a fast all Solid State approach to system protection. This paper proposes a Bidirectional Solid State Circuit Breaker (BSSCB) utilizing the SuperCascode topology as the breaking element and has parallel transient energy absorption circuitry comprising of MOVs and snubbers to denergize the line upon fault. The paper discusses critical design points in breaker design, advantages of SuperCascode switch for breaker applications and power stage scaling calculations of the transient absorption circuitry. For packaging, a novel Epoxy Resin Composite Dielectric (ERCD) is considered as an alternative to metal-clad ceramic (DBC) substrate for higher reliability. The paper studies transient heat transfer in the power module using finite element analysis (FEA) and proposes a thermally defined and digitally controlled fuse curve for breakers. A design example of 10kV/100 A BSSCB is provided which holds 10x rated current for a 5ms dwell. A scaled-down 6kV/10A SSCB prototype using TO-247 packaged dies is demonstrated and is capable of withstanding 7x over-current for 1μs and short circuit interruption in approximately 60 ns.
Haptic device using flexible sheet by tension and touch area control (2010)

We have already developed a haptic device using flexible sheet such as rubber. This device varies sheet compliance by controlling tension applied to the sheet: stretched sheet feels hard, and loose sheet feels soft. Hence a user can feel different compliance of virtual objects when he pushes the sheet directly with his finger. In the present study we propose a new haptic device which can move, expand and narrow the touch area on the sheet in addition to tension control. This device has two movable bars slightly touching the back of the tensioned sheet. A user touches and pushes the area between the bars on the sheet. Because the bars work as supporting struts, only this area is depressed. Controlling the distance between the bars varies the size of the touch area, thus varying sheet compliance: wide area makes the sheet soft, and narrow area makes the sheet hard. Keeping the size of the touch area constant generates the same sheet compliance, even if the touch area moves anywhere. Owing to the effects of variable tension and touch area, the new device can generate more variety of compliance than the previous one. A prototype device using a silicon rubber sheet is developed. Four servo motors move two bars through parallel link mechanisms under the tensioned sheet. The force-indentation curves for some sets of different tension and touch area are measured. The results show that the developed device can generate wide range of sheet compliance.
Predictive Potential of Eyelids and Tear Film in Determining Symptoms in Contact Lens Wearers (2018)

This study demonstrated that clinical signs related to meibomian gland secretions and morphology, tear evaporation, lid-parallel conjunctival folds, and palpebral conjunctival health may successfully predict symptoms of discomfort in contact lens wearers.
High-efficiency transfer of percolating nanowire films for stretchable and transparent photodetectors (2014)

Stretchable devices with good transparency offer exciting new applications over the existing technologies, but remarkable difficulties remain in the fabrication of transparent and stretchable devices. In this paper, we report an effective method to fabricate transparent elastic photodetectors which combines the merits of the transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer with its stretchability and the Zn₂SnO₄ nanowire (NW) with its photodetection functionality. Zonyl fluorosurfactant is found to be critical which improves the bonding between the functional NWs and the PDMS matrix, thus enabling the high efficient transfer of NW structures into PDMS. Highly conductive and thin percolating AgNW films were successfully embedded into PDMS mixed with ∼11% Zonyl which are otherwise not achievable with pure PDMS. Transparent and stretchable photodetectors were fabricated with the developed method. The photocurrent was found to be reciprocal to the square of the channel length, Iph∼ 1/l(2). The chemically bonded sensing materials in the PDMS matrix allow more NW exposure to air. This lead to a fast switching operation of the photodetectors with a response time below 0.8 s and a reset time around 3 s, which is significantly improved compared to reported stretchable NW photodetectors fully embedded in the polymer matrix.
Interferometric Measurement of Mid-Spatial Frequency Wavefront Errors (2017)

Improved imaging performance is driving the need for better mid-spatial frequency surface feature control. We will explore MSF effects on imaging, standards governing and how interferometer design affects their ability to faithfully measure MSF.
Survey of active power line conditioning methodologies (1990)

Active power-line conditioning (APLC) is a concept that can potentially correct network distortion caused by power electronic loads by injecting equal-but-opposite distortion at carefully selected points in a network. Results are presented of an extensive literary survey on the subject of APLCs. Thirty-seven key publications are identified and reviewed. Existing and proposed line-conditioning methodologies are compared, and a list of the advantages and limitations of each is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Callimachea varia (1955)

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High-Performance CCD Telecine for HDTV (1990)

This article describes a high-performance HDTV telecine designed and built by Eastman Kodak Research Laboratories in the U.S. and the U.K. HDTV telecines previously demonstrated have exhibited limited performance, particularly in the transfer of color negative film. The Kodak experimental telecine is designed to translate the superior image quality of today's finegrain film stocks to the HDTV signal format. By using a novel design of line array charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors and new illumination and signal processing, color negative film is scanned with uncompromised performance.
Finding optimal mentor-mentee matches: A case study in applied two-sided matching (2018)

Two-Sided Matching is a well-established approach to find allocations and matchings based on the participants' preferences. While its most prominent applications are College Admissions and School Choice problems, this paper applies the concept to the matching of mentors to mentees in a higher education context. Both mentors and mentees have preferences with whom they ideally want to be matched, as well as who they want to avoid. As the general formulation for these types of preferences is NP-hard, several existing approximation algorithms and heuristics are compared with respect to their ability to find a matching with desirable properties. The results show that a combination of evolutionary heuristics and local search approaches works best in finding high-quality solutions, allowing us to find mentor-mentee pairs which are close to the respective ideal match.