gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estramustine depolymerizes microtubules by binding to tubulin. (1993)

To investigate the mechanism of action of the antineoplastic drug estramustine, we compared its effects on human prostate cancer cells with those of vinblastine. At their respective concentrations that result in 50% inhibition of clonogenic growth, both drugs caused an accumulation of cells blocked at mitosis and similar dose- and time-dependent depolymerization of interphase microtubules. Also, colcemid-resistant and colcemid-hypersensitive Chinese hamster ovary cells with tubulin mutations were collaterally cross-resistant or -sensitive to estramustine. Thus, the cytotoxicity of estramustine is due to its microtubule depolymerization properties. This could be caused by interaction with tubulin and/or with microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Previous investigations have shown that high concentrations of estramustine phosphate can inhibit microtubule polymerization in vitro by binding to MAPs. However, estramustine phosphate is the clinical prodrug to estramustine, the intracellular active compound. In this study, we investigated the effects of estramustine on the binding of MAPs to taxol-stabilized microtubules in vivo. In contrast to previous reports, no effect of estramustine on the binding of MAPs to microtubules was found. Furthermore, we found that polymerization of purified tubulin could be inhibited by estramustine in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrate that estramustine causes depolymerization of microtubules by direct interaction with tubulin.
Fundamental lateral mode oscillation via gain tailoring in broad area semiconductor lasers (1985)

We show that by employing gain tailoring in a broad area semiconductor laser we achieve fundamental lateral mode operation with a diffraction-limited single-lobed far-field pattern. We demonstrate a tailored gain broad area laser 60 μm wide which emits 450 mW per mirror into a stable, single-lobed far-field pattern 3 1/2° wide at 5.3 Ith.
The Effect of Reminiscence on the Elderly Population: A Systematic Review (2003)

Reminiscence therapy is an independent nursing intervention that may be helpful in maintaining or improving self-esteem and life satisfaction for the elderly, but the effects of reminiscence therapy are difficult to measure. For a greater understanding of reminiscence as a nursing therapeutic, this article reviewed the developmental history and theoretical basis of reminiscence and evaluated the empirical evidence concerning the use and effectiveness of reminiscence in the elderly. A lack of consist research findings resulted from selecting different therapeutic goals, different types of reminiscence, different dependent measures, different data collection tools, different sample populations, and small sample size. Future nursing research should redefine the concept and attempt to standardize the measurement of reminiscence and then forge ahead using rigorous research designs to develop a body of knowledge regarding reminiscence.
Curing Dielectric Layers for Microelectronics with Microwaves: Chemistry, Mechanisms, and Applications (2007)

Recent work in curing new polyimide (PI) and polybenzoxazole (PBO) films on silicon device wafers with Variable Frequency Microwaves (VFM) rapidly (total cycle times less than 15 minutes) and also below 200ºC has produced equal or better film properties than conventional curing at 350ºC and in a fraction of the standard cycle time. The nature of the microwave heating mechanism will be discussed as well as the results of experiments that enable the custom synthesis of polymers and additives that take advantage of this unique heating process. Emphasis will be placed on the changes in chemical polymerization that appear to occur under microwave energies and the resultant network structures and mechanical property predictions for the films. Parallels to the curing of polymer adhesives at lower temperatures will also be examined with respect to the effects of unique network formation and cross-linking recently discovered with the use of VFM.
Cartilage constructs engineered from chondrocytes overexpressing IGF-I improve the repair of osteochondral defects in a rabbit model (2013)

Tissue engineering combined with gene therapy is a promising approach for promoting articular cartilage repair. Here, we tested the hypothesis that engineered cartilage with chondrocytes overexpressing a human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene can enhance the repair of osteochondral defects, in a manner dependent on the duration of cultivation. Genetically modified chondrocytes were cultured on biodegradable polyglycolic acid scaffolds in dynamic flow rotating bioreactors for either 10 or 28 d. The resulting cartilaginous constructs were implanted into osteochondral defects in rabbit knee joints. After 28 weeks of in vivo implantation, immunoreactivity to ß-gal was detectable in the repair tissue of defects that received lacZ constructs. Engineered cartilaginous constructs based on IGF-I-overexpressing chondrocytes markedly improved osteochondral repair compared with control (lacZ) constructs. Moreover, IGF-I constructs cultivated for 28 d in vitro significantly promoted osteochondral repair vis-à-vis similar constructs cultivated for 10 d, leading to significantly decreased osteoarthritic changes in the cartilage adjacent to the defects. Hence, the combination of spatially defined overexpression of human IGF-I within a tissue-engineered construct and prolonged bioreactor cultivation resulted in most enhanced articular cartilage repair and reduction of osteoarthritic changes in the cartilage adjacent to the defect. Such genetically enhanced tissue engineering provides a versatile tool to evaluate potential therapeutic genes in vivo and to improve our comprehension of the development of the repair tissue within articular cartilage defects. Insights gained with additional exploration using this model may lead to more effective treatment options for acute cartilage defects.
Artificial neural networks and dendroclimatic reconstructions: an example from the Front Range, Colorado, USA (1999)

The feasibility of reconstructing total spring precipitation for the South Platte River basin from tree-ring chronologies using artificial neural networks is explored. The use of artificial neural networks allows a comparison of reconstructions resulting from both linear and nonlinear models. Both types of models produced reconstructions that explained more than 40% of the variation in spring precipitation and were well verified with independent data. Although the nonlinear models produced higher R 2 values than did the linear model for the calibration period, they performed less well in the independent period. This result and other model evaluation statistics suggest that, in this study, the nonlinear models contain a greater degree of overfit than the linear model, and thus, do not offer a clear improvement over the linear model for the reconstruction of spring precipitation in this region. However, neural networks offer an alternative approach to linear regression techniques and may provide improved dendroclimatic reconstructions in other areas.
RAD51C-Deficient Cancer Cells Are Highly Sensitive to the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib (2013)

A PARP inhibitor is a rationally designed targeted therapy for cancers with impaired DNA repair abilities. RAD51C is a paralog of RAD51 that has an important role in the DNA damage response. We found that cell lines sensitive to a novel oral PARP inhibitor, olaparib, had low levels of RAD51C expression using microarray analysis, and we therefore hypothesized that low expression of RAD51C may hamper the DNA repair process, resulting in increased sensitivity to olaparib. Compared with the cells with normal RAD51C expression levels, RAD51C-deficient cancer cells were more sensitive to olaparib, and a higher proportion underwent cell death by inducing G2-M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. The restoration of RAD51C in a sensitive cell line caused attenuation of olaparib sensitivity. In contrast, silencing of RAD51C in a resistant cell line enhanced the sensitivity to olaparib, and the number of RAD51 foci decreased with ablated RAD51C expression. We also found the expression of RAD51C was downregulated in cancer cells due to epigenetic changes and RAD51C expression was low in some gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, olaparib significantly suppressed RAD51C-deficient tumor growth in a xenograft model. In summary, RAD51C-deficient cancer cells are highly sensitive to olaparib and offer preclinical proof-of-principle that RAD51C deficiency may be considered a biomarker for predicting the antitumor effects of olaparib.
The <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> sex‐factor aggregation gene <i>cluA</i> (1994)

A gene, cluA, was cloned from the chromosomally located sex factor of Lactococcus lactis MG1363. Sequence analysis revealed significant homology with previously described aggregation proteins in Enterococcus and Streptococcus species. The possibility that cluA was an equivalent protein involved in cell aggregation between donor and recipient bacteria during lactococcal conjugation was confirmed by its expression under the control of a heterologous promoter in L. lactis. Analysis of the homology between the CluA protein and the related proteins of Enterococcus and Streptococcus allowed a common structure for these proteins to be postulated. This consisted of five domains. Functionally conserved domains I and V act respectively as a secretory leader and C-terminal membrane anchor. Domains II and IV are conserved at the amino acid level and probably have common structural roles whereas domain III is variable and may control binding specificity.
Genital Allergic Contact Dermatitis (2018)

Genital allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an uncommon disorder, yet it severely impairs the quality of life for both men and women. Because of cultural taboos, many patients self-treat and delay proper diagnosis before presenting to a provider. Diagnosis is further confounded by irritant contact dermatitis and other genital dermatoses, which can predispose to skin barrier dysfunction and allergen penetration. Genital ACD can present acutely with erythematous erosions and pruritus or chronically with lichenification. Patch testing helps determine the diagnosis and provide relief for the patient. Topical medications, including local anesthetics and corticosteroids, are the most common genital allergens. Other typical allergens include fragrances, preservatives, adhesives, dyes, and rubber products. Less commonly considered allergens include herbs, spices, and topical vehicle components. Here, we review the most common allergens for both men and women, discuss important patch-testing panels, and recommend safe products for patients with genital ACD.
Relationship Between a GABA<sub>A</sub>α6 Pro385Ser Substitution and Benzodiazepine Sensitivity (1999)

The Pro385Ser genotype may play a role in benzodiazepine sensitivity and conditions, such as alcoholism, that may be correlated with this trait.
Interference By Venlafaxine Ingestion in the Detection of Tramadol By Liquid Chromatography Linked to Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Screening of Illicit Drugs in Human Urine (2006)

Confirmation of the presence of illicit drugs in human fluids by liquid chromatography linked to atmospheric pressure ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) is becoming increasingly popular. A rapid LC/MS/MS method is described using reversed phase gradient elution chromatography on a 50 x 3 mm base deactivated C8 column with identification of drugs based on their Multiple Reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions, retention time, and co-elution of stable isotopic analogues where available. The method is used for drug confirmation following initial screening by immunoassay, and identification of drugs such as tramadol, for which no immunoassay is available. False positive results for tramadol were observed in cases where subjects were being treated with the commonly prescribed antidepressant drug venlafaxine. This was a result of the presence of the metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine, which has a similar transition to tramadol. This study highlights the need to consider drug metabolites, as well as parent drugs in interferences in LC/MS/MS methods.
Detection and characterization of membrane antigens of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. (1980)

Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were surface radioiodinated by the lactoperoxidase technique, and the solubilized membrane proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four major labeled proteins with apparent m.w. of 43,000, 35,000, 27,000, and 14,000 were detected. None of the radioiodinated proteins bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose. When a panel of eight different fluorescein-conjugated lectins was used in an attempt to characterize further the nature of the cell membrane, none of the lectins bound to intact tachyzoites. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis did not reveal any significant differences among three different strains of Toxoplasma. Each of the radioiodinated surface proteins was precipitable by sera from mice chronically infected with the same strain as well as by a series of sera from mice infected with other strains. Sera from humans with acute Toxoplasma infection showed more variability in that some precipitated all labeled proteins whereas others precipitated only two or three of them. Monoclonal antibodies (2G11 and 3E6) prepared by hybridization of spleen cells from Toxoplasma-immune mice with myeloma cells consistently precipitated both the solubilized 35,000 and 14,000 dalton proteins, whereas 1E3 precipitated the 43,000-dalton protein and 1E11 the 27,000-dalton protein.
Synthetic oligosaccharides related to group B streptococcal polysaccharides. 5. Combined chemical and enzymic synthesis of a pentasaccharide repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of type III group B Streptococcus and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic studies (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic oligosaccharides related to group B streptococcal polysaccharides. 5. Combined chemical and enzymic synthesis of a pentasaccharide repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of type III group B Streptococcus and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic studiesVince Pozsgay, Jean Robert Brisson, Harold J. Jennings, Steve Allen, and James C. PaulsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 10, 3377–3385Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00010a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Citation Index Classic: Social support, stress and health (2018)

In a literature review, we found that social support protects persons from the potentially pathogenic effects of stressors when support is defined as perceived availability of social resources. In contrast, social support is beneficial for health irrespective of stress levels when support is defined as integration in a social network.
The effect of the placement of a seismometer on its response characteristics (1941)

Abstract A group of experiments were performed to determine the effect of the plant of a seismometer on the motion imparted to it by the ground. It was found experimentally that a seismometer and the ground form a resonant system. The characteristics of this system depend on the type and condition of the ground surface, the method of planting the seismometer and the seismometer weight and base area. Methods were devised for obtaining a satisfactory seismometer plant in areas where ordinary surface plants introduce distortion into seismic records. The mathematical expression of Seismometer Response and Ground Admittance in terms of experimentally measurable quantities is given in the appendix.
All-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. (1992)

All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is known to induce differentiation of promyelocytes in vitro and also to induce remission of acute promyelocytic leukaemia in vivo. We treated 11 patients with poor prognosis acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) with ATRA and obtained seven complete and one partial remission. Remissions took one to three months to achieve and were associated with adverse effects including dry skin and bone pain. In eight patients the white cell count rose above 20 x 10(9)/L within the first ten days of retinoic acid treatment and this was associated with the development of pulmonary leukostasis in three patients which was fatal in one. Another two patients died of intracranial haemorrhage also within the first ten days. ATRA is a promising new agent in the induction therapy of this particular category of acute leukaemia.
An Experimental and Modeling-Based Study Into the Ignition Delay Characteristics of Diesel Surrogate Binary Blend Fuels (2012)

This study examines the combustion characteristics of a binary mixture surrogate for possible future diesel fuels using both a single-cylinder research engine and a homogeneous reactor model using detailed chemical reaction kinetics. Binary mixtures of a normal straight-chain alkane (pure n-hexadecane, also known as n-cetane, C16H34) and an alkyl aromatic (toluene, C7H8) were tested in a single-cylinder research engine. Pure n-hexadecane was tested as a baseline reference, followed by 50%, 70%, and 80% toluene in hexadecane blends. Testing was conducted at fixed engine speed and constant indicated load. As references, two conventional petroleum-based fuels (commercial diesel and U.S. Navy JP-5 jet fuel) and five synthetic Fischer-Tropsch-based fuels were also tested. The ignition delay of the binary mixture surrogate increased with increasing toluene fraction and ranged from approximately 1.3 ms (pure hexadecane) to 3.0 ms (80% toluene in hexadecane). While ignition delay changed substantially, the location of 50% mass fraction burned did not change as significantly due to a simultaneous change in the premixed combustion fraction. Detailed chemical reaction rate modeling using a constant pressure, adiabatic, homogeneous reactor model predicts a chemical ignition delay with a similar trend to the experimental results but shorter overall magnitude. The difference between this predicted homogeneous chemical ignition delay and the experimentally observed ignition delay is defined as the physical ignition delay due to processes such as spray formation, entrainment, mixing, and vaporization. On a relative basis, the addition of 70% toluene to hexadecane causes a nearly identical relative increase in both physical and chemical ignition delay of approximately 50%. The chemical kinetic model predicts that, even though the addition of toluene delays the global onset of ignition, the initial production of reactive precursors such as HO2 and H2O2 may be faster with toluene due to the weakly bound methyl group. However, this initial production is insufficient to lead to wide-scale chain branching and ignition. The model predicts that the straight-chain alkane component (hexadecane) ignites first, causing the aromatic component to be consumed shortly thereafter. Greater ignition delay observed with the high toluene fraction blends is due to consumption of OH radicals by toluene. Overall, the detailed kinetic model captures the experimentally observed trends well and may be able to provide insight as to the relationship between bulk properties and physical ignition delay.
Resorbable biomaterials as bone graft substitutes (2010)

An ageing population and the democratization of high-risk sports have led to a surge of bone-related diseases and bone fractures. As a result, the use of bone graft substitutes has dramatically increased in the last decade. A wide range of materials are considered, from metals to polymers, from injectable cements to complex porous solids. This article aims at presenting a concise, accessible overview of the field of resorbable bone graft substitute materials. A slight emphasis is set on synthetic materials, in particular calcium phosphates.
FedPD: A Federated Learning Framework with Optimal Rates and Adaptivity to Non-IID Data (2020)

Federated Learning (FL) has become a popular paradigm for learning from distributed data. To effectively utilize data at different devices without moving them to the cloud, algorithms such as the Federated Averaging (FedAvg) have adopted a "computation then aggregation" (CTA) model, in which multiple local updates are performed using local data, before sending the local models to the cloud for aggregation. However, these schemes typically require strong assumptions, such as the local data are identically independent distributed (i.i.d), or the size of the local gradients are bounded. In this paper, we first explicitly characterize the behavior of the FedAvg algorithm, and show that without strong and unrealistic assumptions on the problem structure, the algorithm can behave erratically for non-convex problems (e.g., diverge to infinity). Aiming at designing FL algorithms that are provably fast and require as few assumptions as possible, we propose a new algorithm design strategy from the primal-dual optimization perspective. Our strategy yields a family of algorithms that take the same CTA model as existing algorithms, but they can deal with the non-convex objective, achieve the best possible optimization and communication complexity while being able to deal with both the full batch and mini-batch local computation models. Most importantly, the proposed algorithms are {\it communication efficient}, in the sense that the communication pattern can be adaptive to the level of heterogeneity among the local data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithmic framework for FL that achieves all the above properties.
An Activity Based Mobility Prediction Strategy Using Markov Modeling for Wireless Networks (2008)

Abstract: The foremost objective of a wireless network is to facilitate the communication of mobile users regardless of their point of attachment to the network. The system must discern the location of the mobile terminal, to afford flawless service to the mobile terminal. Mobility prediction is widely used to assist handoff management, resource reservation and service preconfiguration. Prediction techniques that are currently used don’t consider the motivation behind the movement of mobile nodes and incur huge overheads to manage and manipulate the information required to make predictions. This paper proposes an activity based mobility prediction technique that uses activity prediction and Markov modeling techniques to devise a prediction methodology that could make accurate predictions than existing techniques. 1.