gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Closed-form EM for Sparse Coding and its Application to Source Separation (2011)

We define and discuss the first sparse coding algorithm based on closed-form EM updates and continuous latent variables. The underlying generative model consists of a standard `spike-and-slab' prior and a Gaussian noise model. Closed-form solutions for E- and M-step equations are derived by generalizing probabilistic PCA. The resulting EM algorithm can take all modes of a potentially multi-modal posterior into account. The computational cost of the algorithm scales exponentially with the number of hidden dimensions. However, with current computational resources, it is still possible to efficiently learn model parameters for medium-scale problems. Thus the model can be applied to the typical range of source separation tasks. In numerical experiments on artificial data we verify likelihood maximization and show that the derived algorithm recovers the sparse directions of standard sparse coding distributions. On source separation benchmarks comprised of realistic data we show that the algorithm is competitive with other recent methods.
Acquisition of GPS C/A Code Signals (2000)

In order to track and decode the information in the GPS signal, an acquisition method must be used to detect the presence of the signal. Once the signal is detected, the necessary parameters must be obtained and passed to a tracking program. From the tracking program information such as the navigation data can be obtained. As mentioned earlier, the acquisition method must search over a frequency range of ±10 KHz to cover all of the expected Doppler frequency range for high-speed aircraft. In order to accomplish the search in a short time, the bandwidth of the searching program cannot be very narrow. Using a narrow bandwidth for searching means taking many steps to cover the desired frequency range and it is time consuming. Searching through with a wide bandwidth filter will provide relatively poor sensitivity. On the other hand, the tracking method has a very narrow bandwidth; thus high sensitivity can be achieved. In this chapter three acquisition methods will be discussed: conventional, fast Fourier transform (FFT), and delay and multiplication. The concept of acquiring a weak signal using a relatively long record is also discussed. The FFT method and the conventional method generate the same results. The FFT method can be considered as a reduced computational version of the conventional method. The delay and multiplication method can operate faster than the FFT method with inferior performance, that is, lower signal-to-noise ratio. In other words, there is a trade-off between these two methods that is speed versus sensitivity. If the signal is strong, the fast, low-sensitivity acquisition method can find it. If the signal is weak, the low-sensitivity acquisition will miss it but the conventional method will find it. If the signal is very weak, the long data length acquisition should be used. Once the signals are found, two important parameters must be measured. One is the beginning of the C/A code period and the other one is the carrier frequency of the input signal. In this and the following chapters, the data used are collected from the down-converted system. The data are considered real in contrast to complex data. The conventional approach to perform signal acquisition is through hardware in the time domain. The acquisition is performed on the input data in a continuous manner. Once the signal is found, the information will immediately pass to the tracking hardware. In some receivers the acquisition can be performed on many satellites in parallel. When a software receiver is used, the acquisition is usually performed on a block of data. When the desired signal is found, the information is passed on to the tracking program. If the receiver is working in real time, the tracking program will work on data currently collected by the receiver.
Synthesis and calcium channel antagonist activity of nifedipine analogues containing 4-pyridyl and 3-arylethyloxycarbonyl substituents. (1990)

A series of unsymmetrical 3-arylethyl 5-isopropyl ester analogues of nifedipine, in which the 2'-nitrophenyl group at the 4 position is replaced by 2'- or 3'-pyridyl, were prepared and evaluated as calcium channel antagonists. The point of attachment of the pyridyl substituent was a determinant of activity, 2'-pyridyl analogues always being more potent than corresponding 3'-pyridyl analogues. The introduction of a substituent at the para-position of the phenethyl group in 3-phenethyl ester analogues usually enhanced the activity. The most potent compound was 3-(4'-bromophenethyl) 5-isopropyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2'-pyridyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate. It was 82-fold more potent than nifedipine, and it did not exhibit a negative inotropic effect on guinea pig left atrium. Desirable features in 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists of the unsymmetrical 3,5-diester type are therefore a 4-(2-pyridyl) substituent in conjunction with a hydrophobic 3-(4-substituted-phenethyl) ester substituent. The arylethyl ester and the 4-(2'-pyridyl) substituents appear to provide important interdependent contributions to the calcium channel antagonist activity.
VisualCloud Demonstration (2017)

We demonstrate VisualCloud, a database management system designed to efficiently ingest, store, and deliver virtual reality (VR) content at scale. VisualCloud targets both live and prerecorded spherical panoramic (a.k.a. 360°) VR videos. It persists content as a multidimensional array that utilizes both dense (e.g., space and time) and sparse (e.g., bitrate) dimensions. VisualCloud uses orientation prediction to reduce data transfer by degrading out-of-view portions of the video. Content delivered through VisualCloud requires up to 60% less bandwidth than existing methods and scales to many concurrent connections.
Efficient quantum microwave-to-optical conversion using electro-optic nanophotonic coupled resonators (2017)

We propose a low-noise, triply resonant, electro-optic (EO) scheme for quantum microwave-to-optical conversion based on coupled nanophotonics resonators integrated with a superconducting qubit. Our optical system features a split resonance---a doublet---with a tunable frequency splitting that matches the microwave resonance frequency of the superconducting qubit. This is in contrast to conventional approaches, where large optical resonators with free-spectral range comparable to the qubit microwave frequency are used. In our system, EO mixing between the optical pump coupled into the low-frequency doublet mode and a resonance microwave photon results in an up-converted optical photon on resonance with high-frequency doublet mode. Importantly, the down-conversion process, which is the source of noise, is suppressed in our scheme as the coupled-resonator system does not support modes at that frequency. Our device has at least an order of magnitude smaller footprint than conventional devices, resulting in large overlap between optical and microwave fields and a large photon conversion rate ($g/2\ensuremath{\pi}$) in the range of $\ensuremath{\sim}5$--15 kHz. Owing to a large $g$ factor and doubly resonant nature of our device, microwave-to-optical frequency conversion can be achieved with optical pump powers in the range of tens of microwatts, even with moderate values for optical $\mathit{Q}$ ($\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{6}$) and microwave $Q$ ($\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{4}$). The performance metrics of our device, with substantial improvement over the previous EO-based approaches, promise a scalable quantum microwave-to-optical conversion and networking of superconducting processors via optical fiber communication.
An Indoor Fingerprinting Localization Approach for ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

Location tracking systems are increasingly becoming the focus of research in the field of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Received Signal Strength (RSS)-based localization systems are at the forefront of tracking research applications. Radio location fingerprinting is one of the most promising indoor positioning approaches due to its powerful in terms of accuracy and cost. However, fingerprinting systems require the collection of a large number of reference points in the tracking area to achieve reasonable localization accuracy. In this paper, we propose a fingerprinting localization approach based on a RSS technique. The proposed system does not require gathering a large number of reference points and offers good localization accuracy indoors. The implemented approach is based on dividing the tracking area into subareas and assigning a unique feature to each subarea through ranging the RSS values from different reference points. In order to test the proposed system's efficiency, a number of real experiments have been conducted using Jennic sensor nodes.
Epicoccamides B–D, Glycosylated Tetramic Acid Derivatives from an <i>Epicoccum</i> sp. Associated with the Tree Fungus <i>Pholiota squarrosa</i> (2007)

Three new tetramic acid derivatives, epicoccamides B-D, together with the known epicoccamide, were isolated from an Epicoccum sp. associated with the tree fungus Pholiota squarrosa. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their physical data and chemical degradation. The epicoccamides differ in substitution pattern and in the size of the central carbon chain. The derivative with the longest chain, epicoccamide D, induces morphogenesis and pigment formation in surface cultures of the fungus Phoma destructiva at a concentration of 1.7 mM. Moreover, it exhibits weak to moderate cytotoxicity to HeLa cell lines (CC50 17.0 microM) and antiproliferative effects toward mouse fibroplast (L-929) and human leukemia cell lines (K-562) with growth inhibition (GI50) of 50.5 and 33.3 microM, respectively.
Enhanced hydrogen and 1,3‐propanediol production from glycerol by fermentation using mixed cultures (2009)

The conversion of glycerol into high value products, such as hydrogen gas and 1,3-propanediol (PD), was examined using anaerobic fermentation with heat-treated mixed cultures. Glycerol fermentation produced 0.28 mol-H(2)/mol-glycerol (72 mL-H(2)/g-COD) and 0.69 mol-PD/mol-glycerol. Glucose fermentation using the same mixed cultures produced more hydrogen gas (1.06 mol-H(2)/mol-glucose) but no PD. Changing the source of inoculum affected gas production likely due to prior acclimation of bacteria to this type of substrate. Fermentation of the glycerol produced from biodiesel fuel production (70% glycerol content) produced 0.31 mol-H(2)/mol-glycerol (43 mL H(2)/g-COD) and 0.59 mol-PD/mol-glycerol. These are the highest yields yet reported for both hydrogen and 1,3-propanediol production from pure glycerol and the glycerol byproduct from biodiesel fuel production by fermentation using mixed cultures. These results demonstrate that production of biodiesel can be combined with production of hydrogen and 1,3-propanediol for maximum utilization of resources and minimization of waste.
Biodiesel Production Technology: August 2002--January 2004 (2004)

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines that is gaining attention in the United States after reaching a considerable level of success in Europe. The purpose of this book is to describe and explain the process and issues involved in producing this fuel.
Automatic labeling of speech (2005)

To evaluate the performance of a speech recognition system, large databases of labeled speech, including various speakers, noise conditions, and vocabularies, are necessary. This paper describes a method for automatically labeling speech data. In the past, speech has been labeled manually, typically by listening to and viewing waveforms through real-time, interactive computer I/O stations. This process is slow and tedious, and accounts for the shortage of large speech databases. The automatic labeling method reported here uses dynamic programming to align a script which is produced as the output of a recognition system, and a known script. The alignment gives a tentative labeling which can be refined by repeating the training, recognition, and alignment processes. The method was used to label a 50 speaker database of 140,000 digits.
HUMAN ARM TRAJECTORY FORMATION (1982)

Journal Article HUMAN ARM TRAJECTORY FORMATION Get access W. ABEND, W. ABEND Department of Psychology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA 02139Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. BIZZI, E. BIZZI Department of Psychology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA 02139Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. MORASSO P. MORASSO 1 Department of Psychology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA 02139Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBoston, MA 02115, USA 1 Present address: Istituto di Elettrotecnica, Viale Causa 13, 16145 Genova, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 105, Issue 2, June 1982, Pages 331–348, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/105.2.331 Published: 01 June 1982 Article history Received: 01 September 1981 Published: 01 June 1982
TGF-β Superfamily Signaling and Left-Right Asymmetry (2001)

Despite an outwardly bilaterally symmetrical appearance, most internal organs of vertebrates display considerable left-right (LR) asymmetry in their anatomy and physiology. The orientation of LR asymmetry with respect to the dorsoventral and anteroposterior body axes is invariant such that fewer than 1 in 10,000 individuals exhibit organ reversals. The stereotypic orientation of LR asymmetry is ensured by distinct left- and right-side signal transduction pathways that are initiated by divergent members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of secreted proteins. During early embryogenesis, the TGF-beta-like protein Nodal (or a Nodal-related ortholog) is expressed by the left lateral plate mesoderm and provides essential LR cues to the developing organs. In chick embryos at least, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is active on the right side of the embryo and must be inhibited on the left in order for Nodal to be expressed. Thus, at a key point in the determination of LR asymmetry, left-sided signaling is mediated by the transcription factors Smad2 and Smad3 (regulated by Nodal), whereas signaling on the right depends on Smad1 and Smad5 (which are regulated by BMP). This review summarizes the considerable progress that has been made in recent years in understanding the complex network of feedback and feedforward circuitry that regulates both the left- and right-sided pathways. Also discussed is the problem of how signal transduction mediated by the Smad proteins can pattern LR asymmetry without interfering with coincident dorsoventral patterning, which relies on the same Smad proteins.
Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of epitaxial mercury telluride (1987)

Epitaxial layers of mercury telluride were deposited onto cadmium telluride substrates at 85 °C using a glow discharge to enhance the reaction between dimethylmercury and dimethyltelluride. Hall-effect measurements showed the material to be n type with room-temperature and 77 K carrier concentrations of 5.0×1017 and 1.0×1017 cm−3, respectively: room-temperature Hall mobility was 22 000 cm2/V s and 77 K mobility was 52 000 cm2/V s.
The Effects of Long-Term Ketamine Treatment on Cognitive Function in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Preliminary Study (2016)

Patients with CRPS receiving long-term frequent ketamine treatment showed impairment in cognitive function (specifically executive function) compared with those who do not. These findings may have implications for clinical assessment and rehabilitation of cognitive function in CRPS patients.
CEP290, a gene with many faces: mutation overview and presentation of CEP290base (2010)

Ciliopathies are an emerging group of disorders, caused by mutations in ciliary genes. One of the most intriguing disease genes associated with ciliopathies is CEP290, in which mutations cause a wide variety of distinct phenotypes, ranging from isolated blindness over Senior-Loken syndrome (SLS), nephronophthisis (NPHP), Joubert syndrome (related disorders) (JS[RD]), Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), to the lethal Meckel-Grüber syndrome (MKS). Despite the identification of over 100 unique CEP290 mutations, no clear genotype-phenotype correlations could yet be established, and consequently the predictive power of a CEP290-related genotype remains limited. One of the challenges is a better understanding of second-site modifiers. In this respect, there is a growing interest in the potential modifying effects of variations in genes encoding other members of the ciliary proteome that interact with CEP290. Here, we provide an overview of all CEP290 mutations identified so far, with their associated phenotypes. To this end, we developed CEP290base, a locus-specific mutation database that links mutations with patients and their phenotypes (medgen.ugent.be/cep290base).
Copolymerization of aldehydes (1963)

Abstract Copolymerization of aldehydes has been carried out in the presence of anionic and cationic catalysts. Triisobutylaluminum gave an elastic copolymer of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde which did not melt until above 300°C. and did not dissolve in any organic solvents. The rate of the copolymerization of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde at −78°C. was very rapid, the reaction going to completion within 30 min. The thermal stability of the copolymer of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was better than that of polyacetaldehyde but was inferior to that of polyformaldehyde; it reaches a minimum in the composition range of 40/60 to 60/40 of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
Anoikis Disruption of Focal Adhesion-Akt Signaling Impairs Renal Cell Carcinoma (2011)

Quinazoline-based drugs trigger anoikis in RCC by targeting the focal adhesion survival signaling. This potent antitumor action against human RCC suggests a novel quinazoline-based therapy targeting renal cancer.
Pathogenesis and management of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: an update. (2000)

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a disorder characterized by platelet destruction caused by an antiplatelet autoantibody that results in platelet phagocytosis via the reticuloendothelial system. The condition will become chronic in 10% to 20% of children with ITP and almost all adult ITP patients. The expert panel established in 1994 by the American Society of Hematology extensively reviewed ITP-related articles before 1995 and published practice guidelines. This publication is of great help in regard to research and management of ITP. However, the pathogenesis of chronic ITP has not been fully elucidated, and its management is primarily empirical. This review focuses mainly on the articles published after 1995, including some experiences in China.
The optimality of beamforming in uplink multiuser wireless systems (2004)

This paper considers the optimal uplink transmission strategy that achieves the sum-capacity in a multiuser multi-antenna wireless system. Assuming an independent identically distributed block-fading model with transmitter channel side information, beamforming for each remote user is shown to be necessary for achieving sum-capacity when there is a large number of users in the system. This result stands even in the case where each user is equipped with a large number of transmit antennas, and it can be readily extended to channels with intersymbol interference if an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation is assumed. This result is obtained by deriving a rank bound on the transmit covariance matrices, and it suggests that all users should cooperate by each user using only a small portion of available dimensions. Based on the result, a suboptimal transmit scheme is proposed for the situation where only partial channel side information is available at each transmitter. Simulations show that the suboptimal scheme is not only able to achieve a sum rate very close to the capacity, but also insensitive to channel estimation error.
Predictive routing for dynamic UAV networks (2017)

The emerging Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs) provide efficient infrastructure solutions for a wide range of military and commercial applications. These networks are typically composed of high-speed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and form dynamic network topologies. As such, conventional routing algorithms do not efficiently accommodate these continued topology changes and exhibit poor delay performances. In this paper, we introduce an optimal routing algorithm for UAV networks with queued communication systems based on Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm as a primary step towards developing a fully predictive communication platform. The core idea is to incorporate the anticipated locations of intermediate nodes during a transmission session into the path selection criterion. We further evaluate the impact of measurement uncertainties on choosing the optimal path and on the resulting end-to-end delay. The simulation results confirm the superior delay performance of the proposed algorithm compared to the conventional routing algorithms. The enhancement is more significant, when the network size is larger, the relative node velocities are higher, and the average waiting times in transmit buffers are longer.
Serum-Free Growth Medium Sustains Commitment of Human Articular Chondrocyte through Maintenance of Sox9 Expression (2004)

Human articular cartilage heals poorly in adults and current surgical procedures do not provide long-term repair. Cell therapy and tissue engineering could become the treatment of choice, but suffer a major limitation as chondrocytes in vitro lose the differentiated phenotype. In vivo, the chondrogenic lineage is specified by transcription factor Sox9. Thus, cell-based therapy could be successful if Sox9 expression and chondrogenic commitment of the expanded cells were preserved. To achieve this goal, we developed a serum-free medium that supports cell proliferation and preserves the differentiation potential. Indeed, expression of Sox9 is maintained when the conventionally used serum is substituted for by this defined supplement. Spontaneous cartilage formation after expansion in serum-free medium is obtained in vitro in a high-density pellet culture and confirmed in vivo in a functional assay in immunodeficient mice. By contrast, cells grown in serum lose the expression of Sox9 and fail to reform cartilage both in vitro and in vivo unless they are rescued by chondrogenic inducers such as transforming growth factor beta(1) and dexamethasone. Our data emphasize the importance of the microenvironment in modulating commitment, plasticity, and phenotype of chondrocytes, and provide an experimental system to study their physiological or pathological metabolism in a controlled context.