gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Evidence on the Role of Tomato Products in Disease Prevention (1998)

During the last 30 years, research in the field of nutrition and chronic disease causation has led to exciting, significant progress in providing an understanding of specific risk factors and chemopreventive agents. The major health problems considered are cardiovascular diseases and the nutritionally linked cancers, including those in the stomach, colon, breast, prostate, ovary, and endometrium. The major elements considered were salt, type and amount of fat, and heterocyclic amines formed during cooking. Bran cereal fiber, as well as vegetables, fruits, and tea have been shown to inhibit the complex processes of initiation and development of these diseases. One aspect involved in initiation and development of both cardiovascular diseases and the cancers noted are abnormal oxidative processes leading to the generation of hydroxy radicals and peroxy compounds. In part, the protective role of vegetables, fruits, and tea is to provide antioxidant vitamins and specific polyphenols that display a powerful inhibition in oxidative reactions. Epidemiological studies as well as laboratory experimentation have yielded sound data and evidence in support of the fact that vegetables, fruits, and tea and specific antioxidants therein account mechanistically for inhibition. Geographic pathology has provided important data that populations with a regular intake of tomato products, such as in the Mediterranean region, have a lower incidence of the chronic diseases noted. The current Symposium is considering the varied mechanisms of action of tomato products in general, and one of the active principles, lycopene. Cooking is a factor in releasing the desirable antioxidants from tomatoes. Cooked tomato products may be preferable to the raw vegetable or juices derived from tomatoes bearing on absorption of the active principles. Optimally, absorption of lycopene, a highly lipid-soluble chemical, is improved in the presence of a small, but essential amount of oil or fat. Research in the field of nutrition and health has shown that monounsaturated oils such as olive oil or canola oil are most desirable, since such oils do not increase the risk of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, or the nutritionally linked cancers. The International Symposium on tea conducted in 1991 has provided worldwide interest in research on the beneficial effects of tea. It is now hoped that the present Symposium, dealing with another inexpensive and readily available food, tomatoes, will enhance interest in and funding for additional research, to underwrite future recommendations for possibly enhanced production and use of tomato-derived nutritional elements, with the goal of application to the prevention of major chronic diseases, the treatment of which is costly and often ineffective.
Dynamics of behavioral thermoregulation in the rat (1991)

Past studies have found that the laboratory rat placed in a temperature gradient prefers temperatures that are markedly below its lower critical ambient temperature (LCT), whereas other rodents (e.g., mouse, hamster, and guinea pig) generally select thermal environments associated with minimal metabolic expenditure. To further study the rat's thermoregulatory behavior, a temperature gradient was designed to monitor the selected ambient temperature (STa) and motor activity (MA) of food-deprived rats of the Long-Evans (LE), Fischer 344 (F344), and Sprague-Dawley (SD) strains over a 22-h period. All three rat strains selected relatively cool STas of 21-26 degrees C during the first 1-3 h in the temperature gradient. This was followed by a gradual increase in the STa that peaked at 4 (F344) to 6 h (SD and LE) after being placed in the gradient. The LE strain had a significantly lower STa during the initial period in the gradient. There were slight decreases in the STa during the nocturnal phase in the F344 and SD strains concomitant with marked increases in MA. These results indicate that the rat requires a relatively long adjustment period in a temperature gradient before it exhibits STas that are associated with minimal metabolic expenditure. Given adequate time for accommodation, behavioral thermoregulatory responses of the rat appear to be similar to those of other rodents.
Interferon Induction by Viruses. XX. Acid-Labile Interferon Accounts for the Antiviral Effect Induced by Poly(rI)·Poly(rC) in Primary Chick Embryo Cells (1990)

Primary chick embryo cells which were "aged" in vitro and exposed to poly(rI).poly(rC) developed a disproportionately high degree of resistance to virus challenge in relation to the amount of conventional acid-stable interferon (IFN) produced. Cells were often highly resistant after exposure to a few nanograms of poly(rI).poly(rC) which gave rise to little or no acid-stable IFN. Study of the mechanism(s) responsible showed that this antiviral state was not due to the double-stranded ribonuclease induced in parallel, nor to residual poly(rI).poly(rC) (which this ribonuclease destroyed), but to the production of a hitherto undescribed acid-labile chicken IFN.
Expression Cloning of a cDNA Encoding a Sulfotransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of the HNK-1 Carbohydrate Epitope (1997)

The HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope is expressed on several neural adhesion glycoproteins and as a glycolipid, and is involved in cell interactions. The structural element of the epitope common to glycoproteins and glycolipids has been determined to be sulfate-3-GlcAbeta1--> 3Galbeta1-->4GlcNAc. The glucuronyltransferase and sulfotransferase are considered to be the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of this epitope because the rest of the structure occurs often in glycoconjugates. Here we describe the isolation of the rat sulfotransferase cDNA via an expression cloning strategy. The clone finally isolated predicts a protein of 356 amino acids, with characteristics of a type II transmembrane protein and with no sequence similarity to other known sulfotransferases. Both the enzyme expressed as a soluble fusion protein and homogenates of cells transfected with the full-length cDNA could transfer sulfate from a sulfate donor to acceptor substrates containing terminal glucuronic acid.
An investigation of the causes of failure of flexible thermal protection materials in an aerodynamic environment (1987)

Tests of small panels of advanced flexible reusable surface insulation (AFRSI) were conducted using a small wind tunnel that was designed to simulate Space Shuttle Orbiter entry mean-flow and pulsating aerodynamic loads. The wind tunnel, with a 3 inch wide by 1.75 inch high by 7.5 inch long test section, proved to be capable of continuous flow at dynamic pressures q near 580 psf with fluctuating pressures over 2 psi RMS at an excitation frequency f sub E of 200 Hz. For this investigation, however, the wind tunnel was used to test entry-temperature preconditioned and heat-cleaned AFRSI at q = 280 psf, Prms was nearly equal to 1.2 psi and f sub E = 200 Hz. The objective of these tests was to determine the mechanism of failure of AFRSI at Orbiter entry conditions. Details of the test apparatus and test results are presented.
CO<sub>2</sub> Laser Improves 45S5 Bioglass Interaction with Dentin (2010)

Bioglass 45S5 is a bioactive glass that can create a layer of calcium-phosphate crystals on mineralized hard tissues. In this study, 45S5 bioglass was mixed with phosphoric acid and irradiated with CO(2) laser and examined as a possible aid in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The dentinal surface modified by the aforementioned technique was chemically and micro-morphologically examined with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope (EDS), and the crystalline structures of the examined dentinal surfaces were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, the mechanical properties of the newly formed layer were examined by nanoindentation. The results showed that 45S5 bioglass could occlude the dentinal tubule orifices with calcium-phosphate crystals. The application of CO(2) laser potentially improved the mechanical organization of these crystals.
Safety and effectiveness of probucol as a cholesterol lowering agent. (1982)

Monitored clinical studies conducted in 1133 patients, involving 3928 patient years of experience with probucol, have shown that it is an effective cholesterol lowering agent and is well tolerated during long term administration (some patients treated for as long as nine years). The incidence of morbidity and mortality in patients treated with probucol is in the expected range. Although a possibly protective action is suggestive against certain endpoints, the lack of long term parallel placebo groups does not allow for a statistical contrast of the results. Therefore, it is preferable to limit conclusions to observing that no excess of cardiac deaths, sudden deaths or cardiac morbidity occurred in probucol treated men with or without ischemic heart disease compared with men not receiving probucol.
DNA sequence specificity of mitomycin cross-linking (1989)

Using a gel electrophoresis assay, we show that the target DNA sequence cross-linked by N-methylmitomycin A, its aziridinomitosene, and mitomycin C is CpG, in strong preference over GpC. The yield per CpG site increases as the number of successive CpG sequences increases. Molecular modeling reveals no systematic difference between the energies of mitomycin cross-links at CpG in comparison with GpC. However, the distance between guanine amino groups in CpG sequences is nearly the same as the distance in the cross-linked adduct, whereas the amino group separation at GpC sites is substantially larger in the starting DNA than in the adduct. We suggest that the favorable placement of the second reaction center in CpG greatly accelerates the second step in the cross-linking reaction. As shown by a competition assay, mitomycins bind A-T and G-C sequences noncovalently equally well, even though the only sequence that yields appreciable cross-linking is CpG. N-Methylmitomycin A and its aziridinomitosene are found to be better cross-linking agents than is mitomycin C.
Superior Biolubricant from a Species of Red Microalga (2006)

The rheological properties of the sulfated polysaccharide of the red microalga Porphyridium sp., a heteropolymer with a molecular weight of 3-5 x 10(6) Da, indicated that this material might be an excellent candidate for lubrication applications: the viscosity of the polysaccharide is stable over a range of temperatures, pH values, and salinities. In this study, various rheological and lubricant properties of the polysaccharide were evaluated in comparison with those of a widely used biolubricant, hyaluronic acid. The viscosity of the Porphyridium sp. polysaccharide remained essentially unchanged in a temperature range of 25-70 degrees C. In tribology tests on a ball-on-flat ceramic pair, the values for the friction coefficient and wear rate for the pair lubricated with polysaccharide were remarkably lower than those for hyaluronic acid, especially at high loads. In a test on a steel ring/ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) block pair, the wear tracks on the surface of the UHMWPE were more pronounced for hyaluronic acid than for the polysaccharide. Atomic force microscopy showed that the polysaccharide was effectively adsorbed onto mica surfaces, forming ultrathin coating layers in the nanometer range. As is required for biolubricant applications, the polysaccharide was not degraded by hyaluronidase. The stability of the Porphyridium sp. polysaccharide to heat and to hyaluronidase combined with its ability to reduce friction and wear indicate its potential as an advantageous biolubricant.
Delivery of sub-10-fs pulses for nonlinear optical microscopy by polarization-maintaining single mode optical fiber (2008)

Broadband, sub-10-fs pulses, can be propagated through polarization-maintaining single mode fiber (PMF) for use in nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM). We demonstrate delivery of near transform-limited, 1 nJ pulses from a Ti:Al(2)O(3) (75 MHz repetition rate) oscillator via PMF to the NLOM focal plane while maintaining 120 nm of bandwidth. Negative group delay dispersion (GDD) introduced to pre-compensate normal dispersion of the optical fiber and microscope optics ensured linear pulse propagation through the PMF. The minimized time-bandwidth product of the laser pulses at the NLOM focus allowed the nonlinear excitation of multiple fluorophores simultaneously without central wavelength tuning. Polarization sensitive NLOM imaging using second harmonic generation in collagen was demonstrated using PMF delivered pulses. Two-photon excited fluorescence spectra and second harmonic images taken with and without the fiber indicates that the fiber based system is capable of generating optical signals that are within a factor of two to three of our traditional NLOM.
Genetic evidence for the role of a bacterial phosphotransferase system in sugar transport. (1967)

The noninteractive zero-knowledge proof (NIZKP) is underlying a broad spectrum of applications. The major categories of NIZKP are instantiated with deterministic hash functions in the real world. However, the outputs of deterministic hash ...Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is a fundamental cryptographic primitive that allows a prover to convince a verifier of the validity of a statement without leaking any further information. As an efficient variant of ZKP, noninteractive zero-knowledge proof (...
The vascular endothelial cell is central to xenogeneic immune reactivity. (1990)

With the demand for organ transplants increasing, xenograft transplantation is being considered. A major obstacle to a solution to fulfilling this demand is xenograft rejection. Histologic evidence indicates that the vascular endothelial cell (VEC) is involved in both humoral and cellular aspects of xenograft rejection. To study this phenomenon murine VEC and splenocytes were used in a mixed lymphocyte/endothelial cell culture and in a mixed lymphocyte culture with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as responders. The VEC is a much better stimulator than the splenocyte. Removal of macrophages and B cells from the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells has no effect on the response to the VEC. The VEC acts as a target for humoral responses in the complement-dependent cytotoxicity and the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The VEC is killed in these two assays, which indicates the importance of the VEC in humoral rejection. These data indicate that the VEC is an important cell in xenogeneic immune reaction and may be pivotal in xenograft rejection.
Outcome Measures for Individuals With Stroke: Process and Recommendations From the American Physical Therapy Association Neurology Section Task Force (2013)

Use of highly recommended OMs may provide a common set of tools enabling comparisons across patients, interventions, settings, and studies. The use of a clearly defined, comprehensive assessment template may facilitate the pooling of data on OMs and contribute to best practice guidelines. Educational recommendations may inform curricular decisions.
Further investigations of transonic shock-wave boundary-layer interaction with passive control (1990)

Passive control experiments were conducted on a wall-mounted half-model, with a supercritical profile, in a small transonic tunnel. The results indicated that a significant drag reduction in transonic flow can be obtained by passive control, which was broadly in agreement with similar experiments conducted at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and experiments conducted at Queen's University, Belfast on a circular model.
Computerized calculation scheme for toric intraocular lenses (2004)

This novel mathematical concept for computation of toric IOLs or prediction of the refractive outcome with a toric implant in place is a straightforward, computer-based approach, which may substitute for more or less empirical methods of determining toric IOL implants.
Distributed Transducer (1958)

The distributed transducer is an array of transducers separated by inactive material having their common characteristic impedance, Z0, and terminated in Z0 at one (the absorber) end. The other end radiates into a load. The input voltages at the successive inputs are delayed so that the speed of the electrical wave, traveling in the direction absorber to load, equals the speed of sound in the transducer material. The elements may or may not be identical and they may or may not be operated near resonance; the acoustic waves arrive at the load in phase in any case. A great variety of frequency-response characteristics is readily synthesized; particular attention is paid to a flat response over a very broad range. At the same time, the response at the absorber is subject to some control so that the power there dissipated can be minimized.
Cathepsin D and its newly identified transport receptor SEZ6L2 can modulate neurite outgrowth (2015)

How, in the absence of a functional mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P)-signal-dependent transport pathway, some acid hydrolases remain sorted to endolysosomes in the brain is poorly understood. We demonstrate that cathepsin D binds to mouse SEZ6L2, a type 1 transmembrane protein predominantly expressed in the brain. Studies of the subcellular trafficking of SEZ6L2, and its silencing in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line reveal that SEZ6L2 is involved in the trafficking of cathepsin D to endosomes. Moreover, SEZ6L2 can partially correct the cathepsin D hypersecretion resulting from the knockdown of UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase in HeLa cells (i.e. in cells that are unable to synthesize Man-6-P signals). Interestingly, cleavage of SEZ6L2 by cathepsin D generates an N-terminal soluble fragment that induces neurite outgrowth, whereas its membrane counterpart prevents this. Taken together, our findings highlight that SEZ6L2 can serve as receptor to mediate the sorting of cathepsin D to endosomes, and suggest that proteolytic cleavage of SEZ6L2 by cathepsin D modulates neuronal differentiation.
Modeling emotional content of music using system identification (2006)

Research was conducted to develop a methodology to model the emotional content of music as a function of time and musical features. Emotion is quantified using the dimensions valence and arousal, and system-identification techniques are used to create the models. Results demonstrate that system identification provides a means to generalize the emotional content for a genre of music. The average R2 statistic of a valid linear model structure is 21.9% for valence and 78.4% for arousal. The proposed method of constructing models of emotional content generalizes previous time-series models and removes ambiguity from classifiers of emotion.
The Strengthening Effect of Tantalum in Nickel-Base Superalloys (1984)

The strengthening effect of tantalum in nickel-base superalloy (B1900) has been systematically investigated. Tantalum not only raises high temperature tensile strength and creep resistance but also obviously improves ductility in high temperature tensile and stress rupture tests. About 70-80% of the tantalum in the alloy enters the Y' phase, about 15% Ta forms MC type tantalum-containing carbide, the remainder is dissolved in the Ymatrix. The beneficial effect of tantalum not only results from enhanced Y' strengthening, but also by solid solution strengthening, and simultaneously the improvement of structural stability at high temperature during long time exposure.
Relationship between the Metabolite Profile and Technological Properties of Bovine Milk from Two Dairy Breeds Elucidated by NMR-Based Metabolomics (2011)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the metabolite profile of milk and important technological properties by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. The metabolomics approach was introduced for the metabolic profiling of a set of milk samples from two dairy breeds representing a wide span in coagulation properties. The milk metabolite profiles obtained by proton and carbon NMR spectroscopy could be correlated to breed and, more interestingly, also with the coagulation profile, as established by traditional methods by using principal component analysis (PCA). The metabolites responsible for the separation into breed could mainly be ascribed to carnitine and lactose, whereas the metabolites varying in the samples with respect to coagulation properties included citrate, choline, carnitine, and lactose. The results found in the present study demonstrated a promising potential of NMR-based metabolomics for a rapid analysis and classification of milk samples, both of which are useful for the dairy industry.
Piezoelectrets from sandwiched porous polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) films: influence of porosity and geometry on charging properties (2011)

Sandwiched structures of open-porous and solid polymer dielectrics reveal a strong piezoelectric response after proper charging by high electric fields. Here, the electrical properties of corona-poled three-layer FEP/ePTFE/FEP sandwiches are studied theoretically and experimentally with the objective of its possible optimization for the highest piezoelectric activity. Modelling of the charging properties is performed for different sandwich geometries. It is shown that the maximum value of the remanent interface charge density accumulated during poling depends mainly on the ratio of the solid and porous layers thicknesses and on parameter E B , which characterizes the electric breakdown strength of air in the porous layer. E B exhibits specific dependences on porosity and thickness of the porous layer. For a given porous layer E B is independent of the solid film thickness. The obtained results can be utilized to further optimize the sandwich structure as an electromechanically active device.