gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vortex dynamics in three-dimensional continuous myocardium with fiber rotation: Filament instability and fibrillation (1998)

Wave propagation in ventricular muscle is rendered highly anisotropic by the intramural rotation of the fiber. This rotational anisotropy is especially important because it can produce a twist of electrical vortices, which measures the rate of rotation (in degree/mm) of activation wavefronts in successive planes perpendicular to a line of phase singularity, or filament. This twist can then significantly alter the dynamics of the filament. This paper explores this dynamics via numerical simulation. After a review of the literature, we present modeling tools that include: (i) a simplified ionic model with three membrane currents that approximates well the restitution properties and spiral wave behavior of more complex ionic models of cardiac action potential (Beeler-Reuter and others), and (ii) a semi-implicit algorithm for the fast solution of monodomain cable equations with rotational anisotropy. We then discuss selected results of a simulation study of vortex dynamics in a parallelepipedal slab of ventricular muscle of varying wall thickness (S) and fiber rotation rate (theta(z)). The main finding is that rotational anisotropy generates a sufficiently large twist to destabilize a single transmural filament and cause a transition to a wave turbulent state characterized by a high density of chaotically moving filaments. This instability is manifested by the propagation of localized disturbances along the filament and has no previously known analog in isotropic excitable media. These disturbances correspond to highly twisted and distorted regions of filament, or "twistons," that create vortex rings when colliding with the natural boundaries of the ventricle. Moreover, when sufficiently twisted, these rings expand and create additional filaments by further colliding with boundaries. This instability mechanism is distinct from the commonly invoked patchy failure or wave breakup that is not observed here during the initial instability. For modified Beeler-Reuter-like kinetics with stable reentry in two dimensions, decay into turbulence occurs in the left ventricle in about one second above a critical wall thickness in the range of 4-6 mm that matches experiment. However this decay is suppressed by uniformly decreasing excitability. Specific experiments to test these results, and a method to characterize the filament density during fibrillation are discussed. Results are contrasted with other mechanisms of fibrillation and future prospects are summarized. (c)1998 American Institute of Physics.
Bias field dependence of domain drag propagation velocities in GdCoAu bubble films (1981)

The bias field dependence of the velocity of bubble propagation by the domain drag effect was studied in a GdCoAu amorphous film. Bubbles in close-packed arrays were propagated by pulsing currents directly through a stripline of the material fabricated by photolithography and ion-beam milling. As bias field is increased, at given current and pulse width, the velocity decreases, passes through a minimum, then increases again. The domain drag drive field at a given bias is derived both from the critical current at which motion begins and from the slope of velocity with current. A theory for the domain drag drive field Hd of a bubble raft with infinite length along the current direction is derived, giving the simple result Hd /βjD = 1/2(d0/D) −(π/4√3)(d0/D)3, where β is the Hall angle, j is the current density, d0 is the bubble diameter, and D is the nearest-neighbor spacing. Experimental results from critical current agree approximately with the theory, but results from velocity slope with current are a factor of 3 too high.
Using metadata for the intelligent browsing of structured media objects (1994)

Interacting with a multimedia information system is different from interacting with a standard text-based information system. In this paper, we present the design of a system called Content-Based Hypermedia (CBH) , which allows a user to utilize metadata to intelligently browse through a collection of media objects. We describe the approach we use to model data in order to make it browsable, explore our approach to browsing, which we call metadata mediated browsing , indicate how metadata is used in the concept of similarity , present the architecture of our system, and discuss indexing techniques for similarity browsing using content-based metadata and approaches to clustering which generate higher-level metadata to help the user browse more effectively.
Systematic design of static program analyzers (2002)

Static program analyzers (SPA) are interactive tools that enhance program understanding by answering queries about programs. An SPA parses source programs and builds a so-called program knowledge base (PKB) that enables automatic processing of program queries. An SPA design method described in this paper consists of steps during which we (1) identify, a class of program queries we wish to answer, (2) model program information that is required to resolve queries, (3) define physical representation for programs, based on the concept of a hybrid PKB, and (4) implement other SPA components such as a front-end and user interface. Generally, queries related to global properties of programs are best handled if we store program information in a relational database. On the other hand, detailed queries are best supported if we represent programs as attributed syntax trees. A hybrid PKB described in this paper integrates these two program representations. Our notation for specifying a hybrid PKB forms a basis for a generation system that automates some of the routine, but time consuming, tasks involved in implementation of programming tools.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elaboration of cellulose fibrils by Agrobacterium tumefaciens during attachment to carrot cells (1981)

The attachment of virulent strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant cells is the first step in the bacterial induction of tumors. Binding of A. tumefaciens to carrot tissue culture cells occurred as a two-step process. The initial step was the attachment of the bacteria to the plant cell wall. Living plant cells were not required. Bacterial attachment to heat-killed or glutaraldehyde-fixed carrot cells proceeded with only slightly altered kinetics and unaltered bacterial strain specificity. After the bacteria bound to the carrot cell surface, scanning electron microscopy showed that fibrils developed, surrounded the bacteria, and anchored them to the plant cell surface. These fibrils were synthesized by the bacteria and not by the plant cell since they were also made after the attachment of A. tumefaciens to dead carrot cells and since under some conditions the bacteria synthesized fibrils in the absence of plant cells. Calcofluor staining, acid hydrolysis, enzymatic digestion studies, and infrared spectroscopy showed that the fibrils were composed of cellulose. The formation of these cellulose fibrils occurred during the attachment of virulent strains of A. tumefaciens to plant cells in vitro. The fibrils anchored the bacteria to the plant cell surface and entrapped additional bacteria. The multiplication of entrapped and attached bacteria resulted in the formation of large clusters of bacteria held close to the plant cell wall and plasma membrane by cellulose fibrils. This high concentration of bacteria may facilitate transfer of Ti plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid to the plant cell resulting in the formation of tumors.
LAS0811: From Combinatorial Chemistry to Activation of Antioxidant Response Element (2009)

The antioxidant response element (ARE) and its transcription factor, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), are potential targets for cancer chemoprevention. We sought to screen small molecules synthesized with combinatorial chemistry for activation of ARE. By high-throughput screening of 9400 small molecules from 10 combinatorial chemical libraries using HepG2 cells with an ARE-driven reporter, we have identified a novel small molecule, 1,2-dimethoxy-4,5-dinitrobenzene (LAS0811), as an activator of the ARE. LAS0811 upregulated the activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a representative antioxidative enzyme regulated by ARE. It enhanced production of an endogenous reducing agent, glutathione (GSH). In addition, LAS0811 induced expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), which is an ARE-regulated enzyme with anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, LAS0811 reduced cell death due to the cytotoxic stress of a strong oxidant, t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH). Mechanistically, LAS0811 upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and promoted its translocation into the nuclei leading to subsequent ARE activation. Taken together, LAS0811 is a novel activator of the ARE and its associated detoxifying genes and, thus, a potential agent for cancer chemoprevention.
Nonlinear Viscoelastic Material Property Estimation of Lower Extremity Residual Limb Tissues (2004)

Axisymmetric nonlinear finite-element analysis was used to simulate force-relaxation and creep data obtained during in vivo indentation of the residual limb soft tissues of six individuals with trans-tibial amputation [1]. The finite-element models facilitated estimation of an appropriate set of nonlinear viscoelastic material coefficients of extended James-Green-Simpson material formulation for bulk soft tissue at discrete, clinically relevant test locations. The results indicate that over 90% of the experimental data can be simulated using the two-term viscoelastic Prony series extension of James-Green-Simpson material formulation. This phenomenological material formulation could not, however, predict the creep response from relaxation experiments, nor the relaxation response from creep experiments [2-5]. The estimated material coefficients varied with test location and subject indicating that these coefficients cannot be readily extrapolated to other sites or individuals.
Three‐dimensional numerical analysis of steady state pumping tests in heterogeneous confined aquifers (2006)

We study three‐dimensional steady state flow field generated by a fully penetrating well extracting a constant water discharge from a confined aquifer of constant thickness. The hydraulic conductivity K is modeled as an axisymmetric, stationary random space function, and the flow equation is solved by using the seven‐node finite volume numerical scheme. In view of application in aquifer characterization we analyze how the equivalent conductivity K eq varies as a function of the distance from the extraction well. The numerical simulations showed that the boundary condition at the well exerts a large impact on K eq and that the first‐order solution in σ Y 2 obtained by Indelman et al. (1996) is valid up to σ Y 2 = 0.5. For higher values of σ Y 2 the first‐order solution overestimates K eq with differences that for a given σ Y 2 , reduce progressively as the formation becomes more anisotropic. A simple inverse procedure based on K eq , obtained through cross‐well interference, is finally proposed and tested with the objective of estimating the parameters of the geostatistical model of variability of the hydraulic conductivity. A few parametric examples showed that a suitable interpretation of pumping tests can be used to safely estimate parameters such as the geometric mean of the hydraulic conductivity, its variance, and, although with larger uncertainty, the horizontal integral scale, while the inference of the anisotropy ratio is highly uncertain and error prone.
Towards a Complete Dense Geometric and Photometric Reconstruction under Varying Pose and Illumination (2002)

This paper proposes a novel framework to construct a geometric and photometric model of a viewed object that can be used for visualisation in arbitrary pose and illumination. The method is solely based on images and does not require any specialised equipment. We assume that the object has a piece-wise smooth surface and that its reflectance can be modelled using a parametric bidirectional reflectance distribution function. Without assuming any prior knowledge on the object, geometry and reflectance have to be estimated simultaneously and occlusion and shadows have to be treated consistently. We exploit the geometric and photometric consistency using the fact that surface orientation and reflectance are local invariants. In a first implementation, we demonstrate the method using a Lambertian object placed on a turn-table and illuminated by a number of unknown point light-sources. A discrete voxel model is initialised to the visual hull and voxels identified as inconsistent with the invariants are removed iteratively. The resulting model is used to render images in novel pose and illumination.
실험실 진단을 위한 빈혈의 형태학적분류 (1976)

Anemia can be classified according to a deficient number of circulating red blood cells or a deficient hemoglobin concentration, or both. A classification of anemia on the basis rbc morphology, as seen in the peripheral blood smear and supported by the quantitative measurements of cell size (MCV) and-Hb. content and concentration (MCH and ~CHC), can provide a valuable indicationas to the possible etiological mechanisms. According to William R. Platt, values found in anemia are 3.9 million/mm3 in men, rbc 3.2 million/mm3 in women, or Hb. cone. below 10.8gm/dl in men, Hb. cone. below 9.2gm/dl in women. We divided the anemia into 5 groups and made investigations to classify the causes .of pure nutritional anemia and their epidemiological relations to morphological classification and nutritional problems on 465 patients from 1 month to 78 years in this hospital for 1 year during Feb. 1. 1975-Jan. 31. 1976. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Anemia was most common under 10 years 132 (28.36%) repectively. 2. Major type of anemia by rbc morphology and index were normocytic normochromic 246(52%), macrocytic 84(18%), microcyiic 48(10%), microcytic hypochromic 68(1496), normocytic hypochromic 19(4%). 3. Morphological classification of these anemias were generally high normocytic normochromic type 30(60.00%) in Septenber, macrocytic 14(29.78%) in November, microcytic 8(19.65%) in Dec., microcytic hypochromic 13(31. 70%) in December, normocytic hypochromic .3(6.12-6.66%) in July and October. 4. Anemia was generally high-risk under 10 years and low 11-20 and 41-50 years of age group. In adult age group, especially 31-40 years women were more high percentiles than men in comparison with each other 73%. It seems likely to be caused by her pregnancy and childbirth. 5. In most developing· countries, there are urgent necessities of proper guidance for medical care and nutrition in these age groups for future life of the nation.
Multiple-Scenario Unmanned Aerial System Control: A Systems Engineering Approach and Review of Existing Control Methods (2016)

The use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) in both the public and military environments is predicted to grow significantly. As the demand for UASs grows, the availability of more robust and capable vehicles that can perform multiple mission types will be needed. In the public sector, the demand will grow for UASs to be used for agriculture, forestry, and search and rescue missions. Militaries continue to demand more UAS capabilities for diverse operations around the world. Significant research has been performed and continues to progress in the areas of autonomous UAS control. A majority of the work focuses on subsets of UAS control: path planning, autonomy, small UAS controls, and sensors. Minimal work exists on a system-level problem of multiple-scenario UAS control for integrated systems. This paper provides a high-level modular system architecture definition that is modifiable across platform types and mission requirements. A review of the current research and employment of UAS capabilities is provided to evaluate the state of the capabilities required to enable the proposed architecture.
CoAA, a Nuclear Receptor Coactivator Protein at the Interface of Transcriptional Coactivation and RNA Splicing (2003)

We have shown that steroid hormones coordinately control gene transcriptional activity and splicing decisions in a promoter-dependent manner. Our hypothesis is that a subset of hormonally recruited coregulators involved in regulation of promoter transcriptional activity also directly participate in alternative RNA splicing decisions. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which transcriptional coregulators could control splicing decisions, we focused our attention on a recently identified coactivator, CoAA. This heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-like protein interacts with the transcriptional coregulator TRBP, a protein recruited to target promoters through interactions with activated nuclear receptors. Using transcriptional and splicing reporter genes driven by different promoters, we observed that CoAA mediates transcriptional and splicing effects in a promoter-preferential manner. We compared the activity of CoAA to the activity of other hnRNP-related proteins that, like CoAA, contain two N-terminal RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) followed by a C-terminal auxiliary domain and either have or have not been implicated in transcriptional control. By swapping either CoAA RRMs or the CoAA auxiliary domain with the corresponding domains of the proteins selected, we showed that depending on the promoter, the RRMs and the auxiliary domain of CoAA are differentially engaged in transcription. This contributes to the promoter-preferential effects mediated by CoAA on RNA splicing during the course of steroid hormone action.
Nonhomologous end joining drives poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor lethality in homologous recombination-deficient cells (2011)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are strikingly toxic to cells with defects in homologous recombination (HR). The mechanistic basis for these findings is incompletely understood. Here, we show that PARP inhibitor treatment induces phosphorylation of DNA-dependent protein kinase substrates and stimulates error-prone nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) selectively in HR-deficient cells. Notably, inhibiting DNA-dependent protein kinase activity reverses the genomic instability previously reported in these cells after PARP inhibition. Moreover, disabling NHEJ by using genetic or pharmacologic approaches rescues the lethality of PARP inhibition or down-regulation in cell lines lacking BRCA2, BRCA1, or ATM. Collectively, our results not only implicate PARP1 catalytic activity in the regulation of NHEJ in HR-deficient cells, but also indicate that deregulated NHEJ plays a major role in generating the genomic instability and cytotoxicity in HR-deficient cells treated with PARP inhibitors.
Minimization of HCFC-141b Decomposition in Rigid Polyisocyanurate Foams (1993)

The hydrochlorofluorocarbon, HCFC-141b, continues to be one of the most viable near-term alternatives to the use of CFC-11 as a blowing agent in most rigid foam applications. During the foaming process, however, HCFC-141b has been found to undergo some degree of decomposition, primarily via two different reaction pathways. A reduction reaction, in which a chlorine atom is replaced by a hydrogen atom, yields chlorofluorethane (HCFC-151a), while dehydrochlorination of HCFC-141b produces chlorofluoroethylene (HCFC-1131a)
Wearable network using Optical e-Textile Antenna for NLOS (2012)

This paper proposes an Optical e-Textile Antenna (OTA) that overcomes line of sight (LOS) limitation of IrDA-based wearable network. Because the OTA can create a routing path for the optical signal among communication devices, that allows information exchange under the NLOS (non LOS) environment between receiver and transmitter. The proposed OTA is a piece of cloth made of e-Textile, it can be easily adapted to wearable network. The OTA either absorbs the optical signal in free-space at its maximum, close to its front-side, or emits the optical signal evenly. This paper verifies the performance of bi-directional communication of the proposed OTA with the prototype system.
Structural studies on sialylated and sulphated <i>O</i>-glycosidic mannose-linked oligosaccharides in the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan of brain (1987)

We have previously described the structures of neutral and sialylated O-glycosidic mannose-linked tetrasaccharides and keratan sulphate polysaccharide chains in the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan of brain. The present paper provides information on a series of related sialylated and/or sulphated tri- to penta-saccharides released by alkaline-borohydride treatment of the proteoglycan glycopeptides. The oligosaccharides were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, and their structural properties were studied by methylation analysis and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry. Five fractions containing [35S]sulphate-labelled oligosaccharides were obtained by ion-exchange chromatography, each of which was eluted from Sephadex G-50 as two well-separated peaks. The apparent Mr values of both the large- and small-molecular-size fractions increased with increasing acidity (and sulphate labelling) of the oligosaccharides. The larger-molecular-size fractions contained short mannose-linked keratan sulphate chains of Mr 3000-4500, together with some asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. The smaller tri- to penta-saccharides, of Mr 800-1400, appear to have a common GlcNac(beta 1-3)Manol core, and to contain one to two residues of sialic acid and/or sulphate.
<title>A highly sensitive IR-optical sensor for ethylene-monitoring</title> (2005)

Precise and continuous ethylene detection is needed in various fruit storage applications. The aim of this work is the development of a miniaturised mid-infrared filter spectrometer for ethylene detection at 10.6 μm wavelength. For this reason optical components and signal processing electronics need to be developed, tested and integrated in a compact measurement system. The present article describes the proposed system set-up, the status of the development of component prototypes and results of gas measurements performed using a first system set-up. Next to a microstructured IR-emitter, a miniaturised multi-reflection cell and a thermopile-array with integrated optical filters and microstructured Fresnel lenses for the measurement of ethylene, two interfering gases and one reference channel are proposed. Recently a miniaturised White cell as absorption path is tested with various commercial and a self-developed thermal emitter. First ethylene measurements have been performed with commercial twofold thermopile detectors and a Lock-in-amplifier. These showed significant absorption at an ethylene concentration of 100ppm. For the detection module different types of thermopiles were tested, first prototypes of Fresnel lenses have been fabricated and characterised and the parameters of the optical filters were specified. Furthermore a compact system electronics for signal processing containing a preamplification stage and Lock-in-technique is in development.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF TRAUMATIC (2E‐DODECENDIOIC) ACID FROM DODECANDIOIC ACID (1983)

Abstract Aus den gesättigten ap‐Dicarbonsäuren (I) lassen sich über die im Formelschema angegebenen Zwischenstufen die aJJs‐ungesättigten Dicarbonsäuren (V) gewinnen.
Segmental Motion Adjacent to Anterior Cervical Arthrodesis (2007)

The assumption of an iatrogenically caused increased mobility by a one-level cervical fusion could not be confirmed 12 months after surgery.