gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of anti‐dengue NS1 antibody by Western blot (1990)

The presence of anti-nonstructural protein (NS1) antibody in natural dengue infections has been suspected to be associated with development of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). The Western blot technique was used to study the dynamics of the immune response to NS1 and to determine the frequency of anti-NS1 antibody among confirmed dengue patients in Indonesia, where DHF is common, and in Puerto Rico, where DHF is less frequently observed. Anti-NS1 antibody was rarely found in those with primary infections in either group. The antibody occurred at a significantly higher frequency in acute-phase serum samples from secondary infections in Indonesia than in those from Puerto Rico. No difference was observed, however, in Indonesian patients with secondary infection who had dengue fever or DHF.
Determination of particle size distribution of oil-in-water emulsions by electronic counting (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of particle size distribution of oil-in-water emulsions by electronic countingThomas R. Lien and Colin R. PhillipsCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1974, 8, 6, 558–561Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60091a006https://doi.org/10.1021/es60091a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1064Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enzymatic large-scale synthesis of MUC6-Tn glycoconjugates for antitumor vaccination (2006)

In cancer, mucins are aberrantly O-glycosylated, and consequently, they express tumor-associated antigens such as the Tn determinant (alpha-GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr). As compared with normal tissues, they also exhibit a different pattern of expression. In particular, MUC6, which is normally expressed only in gastric tissues, has been detected in intestinal, pulmonary, colorectal, and breast carcinomas. Recently, we have shown that the MCF7 breast cancer cell line expresses MUC6-Tn glycoproteins in vivo. Cancer-associated mucins show antigenic differences from normal mucins, and as such, they may be used as potential targets for immunotherapy. To develop anticancer vaccines based on the Tn antigen, we prepared several MUC6-Tn glycoconjugates. To this end, we performed the GalNAc enzymatic transfer to two recombinant MUC6 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli, using UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAc-Ts), which catalyze in vivo the Tn antigen synthesis. We used either a mixture of ppGalNAc-Ts from MCF7 breast cancer cell extracts or a recombinant ppGalNAc-T1. In both cases, we achieved the synthesis of MUC6-Tn glycoconjugates at a semi-preparative scale (mg amounts). These glycoproteins displayed a high level of Tn antigens, although the overall density depends on both enzyme source and protein acceptor. These MUC6-Tn glycoconjugates were recognized by two anti-Tn monoclonal antibodies that are specific to human cancer cells. Moreover, the MUC6-Tn glycoconjugate glycosylated using MCF7 extracts as the ppGalNAc-T source was able to induce immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that recognized a human tumor cell line. In conclusion, the large-scaled production of MUC6 with tumor-relevant glycoforms holds considerable promise for developing effective anticancer vaccines, and further studies of their immunological properties are warranted.
Evaluation and unification of some methods for estimating reflectance spectra from RGB images (2008)

The problem of estimating spectral reflectances from the responses of a digital camera has received considerable attention recently. This problem can be cast as a regularized regression problem or as a statistical inversion problem. We discuss some previously suggested estimation methods based on critically undersampled RGB measurements and describe some relations between them. We concentrate mainly on those models that are using a priori information in the form of high-resolution measurements. We use the "kernel machine" framework in our evaluations and concentrate on the use of multiple illuminations and on the investigation of the performance of global and locally adapted estimation methods. We also introduce a nonlinear transformation of reflectance values to ensure that the estimated reflection spectra fulfill physically motivated boundary conditions. The reported experimental results are derived from measured and simulated camera responses from the Munsell Matte, NCS, and Pantone data sets.
Antibodies to Lipid A: Occurrence in Humans (1984)

Lipid A, the toxic part of the bacterial endotoxin, is a common antigen for many gram-negative bacteria. Antibodies to lipid A occur naturally in humans; they have been found in 10%-34%, and even up to 73%, of individuals tested, as detected by indirect hemolysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) cause changes in the level of antibodies to lipid A, as compared with that found in healthy control subjects. Increased levels of antibodies to lipid A are seen in both children and adults with infections due to gram-negative bacteria, such as urinary tract infections (UTI). The highest titers of IgG in serum, as detected by ELISA, have been recorded in patients with development or progression of renal scarring associated with UTI. Since lipid A may play a role in the pathogenesis of renal impairment, the determination of the level of antibodies to lipid A may help in the diagnosis of certain forms of UTI. Possible beneficial roles of antibodies to lipid A during septicemia caused by gram-negative bacteria in humans are still unclear.
Clinical characteristics of a novel subgroup of chronic fatigue syndrome patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (2013)

The presence of POTS marks a distinct clinical group of CFS patents, with phenotypic features differentiating them from those without POTS. A combination of validated clinical assessment tools can determine which CFS patients have POTS with a high degree of accuracy, and thus potentially identify those who require further investigation and consideration for therapy to control heart rate.
Isofrequency Band-like Zones of Activation Revealed by Optical Imaging of Intrinsic Signals in the Cat Primary Auditory Cortex (2005)

Neurons of similar frequency preference are arranged in isofrequency bands (IFBs) across the primary auditory cortex (AI) of many mammals. Across the AI of the cat, one of the most frequently studied species for auditory anatomy and function, we demonstrate IFB-like responses using optical imaging of intrinsic signals (OIS). Optically defined activations were extensively elongated along the dorsoventral axis of AI (the ratio of the major and minor axes was approximately 2:1), and systematically shifted as a function of stimulus frequency. The elongation of this IFB-like zone was more conspicuous at higher frequencies. In the ventral sector of the imaged field, the IFB-like zones of activation evoked at different pure tone frequencies tended to overlap extensively. Electrophysiological recording from loci within the optically defined zones of activation revealed matched responses to the frequencies used for optical imaging at 65% of these loci. The dorsoventral orientation of these zones of activation was also closely matched with the orientation of tangentially spreading intrinsic axon terminals, as revealed anatomically. The visualization of IFB-like architecture and tonotopic organization by OIS provides a basic framework for investigating the relationships of different spectral channels and between multiple acoustic parameters at a neuronal population level.
Regarding Humanity: How a Punitive Damages Statute Reflects Humanity's View of Animal Cruelty (2017)

The New York Civil Code (Field Code) includes a statute that provides, “For wrongful injuries to animals, being subjects of property, committed willfully, or by gross negligence, in disregard of humanity, exemplary damages may be given.” The phrase “in disregard of humanity” justifies why punitive damages are appropriate, but it is left undefined, and it turns out that “humanity” is a nuanced term both in common and legal usage\nThis article seeks both historical and contemporary understandings of the phrase “disregard of humanity.” The result of the analysis, which takes a multidisciplinary approach, is a realization that this statute, if it had been more widely adopted, would have the potential to shape a modern human-animal ethic. As social attitudes regarding the human-animal relationship develop, consistent application of this statute would force consideration of what type of harm, and what level of harm, society is willing to allow people to perpetrate against animals.\nPart I provides context by examining the legal mechanism—punitive damages—underlying the statute. Punitive damages awards are often value-based so combining the “disregard of humanity” language with the purpose of punitive damages could provide a legal mechanism to enforce developing societal attitudes about animal welfare. Part II seeks to determine the meaning of the Field Code statute by looking at its history and application, though neither of those provide much evidence about the meaning of “disregard of humanity.” Part III, then, breaks down the language even farther. “Disregard of humanity” may be difficult to define, but “humanity” has meaning. This part takes a multidisciplinary approach to examine the meaning of “humanity.” This inquiry leads to considering, in Part IV, “humanity” in the legal context of “crimes against humanity.” This principle in international law developed after the Field Code and therefore lends little insight into original meaning of “disregard of humanity,” but considering the meaning of humanity in “crimes against humanity” offers a way to both understand and contemporize “disregard of humanity.” In Part V the article offers a meaning of “disregard of humanity” so that the statute can be utilized to shape a human-animal ethic that better protects animals.
D-Psicose Is a Rare Sugar That Provides No Energy to Growing Rats. (2002)

D-Psicose (D-ribo-2-hexulose), a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, is present in small quantities in commercial carbohydrate complexes and agricultural products. We have previously reported that D-psicose supplements in diets suppressed hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity The lower fat accumulation in rats fed D-psicose may be due to lower lipogenesis in the liver. The present study examined the energy available in D-psicose for rat growth. Male Wistar rats received 7 g daily of a basal diet to which fixed amounts of sucrose, D-fructose, or D-psicose (0.5-2.0 g) were added for 20 d. Body weight gain and body energy gain increased with increases in sucrose and D-fructose, but not with D-psicose. One gram of sucrose, D-fructose, and D-psicose produced a net energy gain of 2.29, 1.76, and 0.007 kcal, respectively. The efficiency of energy deposition from D-psicose was 0.3% that of sucrose. The energy value of D-psicose was effectively zero. These results suggest that D-psicose is a rare sugar providing zero energy that may be useful in sweeteners for obese people as an aid for weight reduction.
Dual polarized microstrip patch antenna, reduced in size by use of peripheral slits (2004)

A two-port, meandered, square, microstrip patch antenna is investigated in this paper. Forty slits are considered on the perimeter of a square patch, ten on each side, to reduce the operating frequency. Calculated and measured results manifest that (a) the gain, the radiation patterns (co- and cross-polar), and the matching microstrip lines are practically unaffected by the peripheral slits, (b) the return loss at both ports is well below -20dB, and (c) the coupling between ports is below -29dB. A square patch, thus meandered, may he up to 48% smaller in area than a square patch without slits, both with the same operating frequency.
Co-polymerization of Acrylates (2009)

Co-polymers of methyl methacrylates (MMAs) are widely used in coatings because of their film-forming capacity, which is due to better bond-forming tendency with various substrates. The adhesion of coating with various substrates such as wood, metal or plastics is an important property for protective, as well as decorative coatings. Co-polymers of MMA with different monomers such as butyl acrylate (BuA), 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (2-EHA) and hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are extensively used for coatings on different substrates to improve the roughness, acid scratch and solvent resistances. Co-polymerization of diacrylates/dimethacrylates of glycols with various alkyl esters have been investigated by several scientists. In the synthesis of these materials an understanding of polymerization mechanism and kinetics is important for better control of gel structure. The rate constant depends largely on the physical properties of the system, which in turn, are strong functions of monomer conversion. Cross-link density is one of them, and T g also depends on it, increasing with increasing cross-link density.
Nucleotide Sequence of<i>α</i>-Galactosidase cDNA from<i>Mortierella vinacea</i> (1995)

To analyze the primary structure of Mortierella vinacea alpha-galactosidase, a cDNA library of M. vinacea mRNA in lambda gt10 was constructed. A clone, which has an insert size of about 1.4 kilobase pairs, was found to contain the coding region of the mature enzyme. The deduced amino acid sequence share that the mature enzyme consisted of 397 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 44,350 Da. The sequence identity of the mature enzyme with alpha-galactosidases from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), and human were 47%, 43%, and 34%, respectively.
Gata3 Is a Critical Regulator of Cochlear Wiring (2013)

Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) play a key role in hearing by rapidly and faithfully transmitting signals from the cochlea to the brain. Identification of the transcriptional networks that ensure the proper specification and wiring of SGNs during development will lay the foundation for efforts to rewire a damaged cochlea. Here, we show that the transcription factor Gata3, which is expressed in SGNs throughout their development, is essential for formation of the intricately patterned connections in the cochlea. We generated conditional knock-out mice in which Gata3 is deleted after SGNs are specified. Cochlear wiring is severely disrupted in these animals, with premature extension of neurites that follow highly abnormal trajectories toward their targets, as shown using in vitro neurite outgrowth assays together with time-lapse imaging of whole embryonic cochleae. Expression profiling of mutant neurons revealed a broad shift in gene expression toward a more differentiated state, concomitant with minor changes in SGN identity. Thus, Gata3 appears to serve as an "intermediate regulator" that guides SGNs through differentiation and preserves the auditory fate. As the first auditory-specific regulator of SGN development, Gata3 provides a useful molecular entry point for efforts to engineer SGNs for the restoration of hearing.
An Improved Theoretical Model of Acoustic Agglomeration (1994)

An improved theoretical model is developed to describe the acoustic agglomeration of particles entrained in a gas medium. The improvements to the present theories are twofold: first, wave scattering is included in the orthokinetic interaction of particles and second, hydrodynamic interaction, shown to be an important agglomeration mechanism for certain operation conditions, is incorporated into the model. The influence of orthokinetic and hydrodynamic interactions introduce associated convergent velocities that cause particles to approach each other and collide. The convergent velocities are related with an acoustic agglomeration frequency function (AAFF) through a semi-statistical method. This function is the key parameter for the theoretical simulation of acoustic agglomeration.
Signal Transduction Protocols (1995)

As our understanding of the biological sciences expands, the bou- aries between traditional disciplines tend to blur at the edges. Physio- gists and pharmacologists, for instance, now need to embrace techniques that until recently were the strict preserves of biochemists and mole- lar biologists. However, the acquisition of new technologies can be a time-consuming and frustrating business, and unless an expert is on hand to give instruction, precious hours can be spent poring over half-described Methods sections with no guarantee of eventual success. The aim of Signal Transduction Protocols has been to get experts with "hands-on" experience in particular techniques to give detailed accounts of experimental protocols in a recipe-type format, which we hope will circumvent the problems of ambiguity often encountered when reading the literature. The techniques described in Signal Transduction Protocols are those that we think will be most useful in addressing questions in the area of receptor-mediated cell signaling, with particular regard to those receptors that are part of the G-protein-linked superfamily. To keep it to a manageable size, we have omitted any reference to electrophysi- ogy and have instead concentrated on more biochemical approaches
Indigenous bacteria influence the number of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> in the ileum of gnotobiotic mice (1979)

Gnotobiotic BALB/c mice associated with indigenous Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and two fusiform-shaped Clostridium strains had fewer S. typhimurium present in the ileum 3 days after intragastric challenge with the pathogen than did similarly challenged germfree mice. Acetic and butyric acids were detected in the caecal contents of the gnotobiotic mice, but in smaller concentration than was present in conventionalized mice. No difference in the motility of the small intestine was detected between germfree, gnotobiotic, and conventionalized mice.
Relativistic calculations of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>coefficients for strontium dimers (2014)

The electric-dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of the $5s5p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{P}_{1}^{o}$ state and the ${C}_{6}$ and ${C}_{8}$ coefficients for the ${}^{1}{S}_{0}+{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{S}_{0}$ and ${}^{1}{S}_{0}+{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{P}_{1}^{o}$ dimers of strontium are calculated using a high-precision relativistic approach that combines configuration interaction and linearized coupled-cluster methods. Our recommended values of the long-range dispersion coefficients for the ${0}_{u}$ and ${1}_{u}$ energy levels are ${C}_{6}({0}_{u})=3771(32)$ a.u. and ${C}_{6}({1}_{u})=4001(33)$ a.u., respectively. They are in good agreement with recent results from experimental photoassociation data. We also calculate ${C}_{8}$ coefficients for Sr dimers, which are needed for precise determination of long-range interaction potential. We confirm the experimental value for the magic wavelength, where the Stark shift on the ${}^{1}{S}_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{}^{3}{P}_{1}^{o}$ transition vanishes. The accuracy of calculations is analyzed and uncertainties are assigned to all quantities reported in this work.
The Roles of Cdk5-Mediated Subcellular Localization of FOXO1 in Neuronal Death (2015)

Deficiency of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been linked to the death of postmitotic cortical neurons during brain development. We now report that, in mouse cortical neurons, Cdk5 is capable of phosphorylating the transcription factor FOXO1 at Ser249 in vitro and in vivo. Cellular stresses resulting from extracellular stimulation by H2O2 or β-amyloid promote hyperactivation of Cdk5, FOXO1 nuclear export and inhibition of its downstream transcriptional activity. In contrast, a loss of Cdk5 leads to FOXO1 translocation into the nucleus: a shift due to decreased AKT activity but independent of S249 phosphorylation. Nuclear FOXO1 upregulates transcription of the proapoptotic gene, BIM, leading to neuronal death, which can be rescued when endogenous FOXO1 was replaced by the cytoplasmically localized form of FOXO1, FOXO1-S249D. Cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, Cdk5 attenuates neuronal death by inhibiting FOXO1 transcriptional activity and BIM expression. Together, our findings suggest that Cdk5 plays a novel and unexpected role in the degeneration of postmitotic neurons through modulation of the cellular location of FOXO1, which constitutes an alternative pathway through which Cdk5 deficiency leads to neuronal death.
A study on the etching characteristics of magnetic tunneling junction materials using DC pulse-biased inductively coupled plasmas (2014)

The etching properties of magnetic materials composing the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) such as CoPt, MgO, CoFeB, and CoPt/MgO/CoFeB were investigated in DC pulse biased CO/NH3 inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) and their etch characteristics were compared with those etched by RF CW biased ICPs. The use of DC pulse biased ICPs instead of RF CW biased ICPs improved the etch selectivity of the MTJ materials over W and also decreased the residue on the surface of the etched materials possibly due to the more stable and volatile etch product formation during the DC pulse off time and the enhanced removal of the etch products by mono-energetic ions during the DC pulse on time. When MTJ materials masked with W were etched, more anisotropic etch profile could be also observed when the MTJ materials were etched with the DC pulse biasing of 60% duty percentage compared with those etched with RF CW biasing due to the decreased redeposition of etch products on the sidewall of the etched feature in addition to the enhanced etch selectivity over W.
Face de-identification using facial identity preserving features (2015)

Automated human facial image de-identification is a much needed technology for privacy-preserving social media and intelligent surveillance applications. Other than the usual face blurring techniques, in this work, we propose to achieve facial anonymity by slightly modifying existing facial images into "averaged faces" so that the corresponding identities are difficult to uncover. This approach preserves the aesthesis of the facial images while achieving the goal of privacy protection. In particular, we explore a deep learning-based facial identity-preserving (FIP) features. Unlike conventional face descriptors, the FIP features can significantly reduce intra-identity variances, while maintaining inter-identity distinctions. By suppressing and tinkering FIP features, we achieve the goal of k-anonymity facial image de-identification while preserving desired utilities. Using a face database, we successfully demonstrate that the resulting "averaged faces" will still preserve the aesthesis of the original images while defying facial image identity recognition.