gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct observation of radical intermediates in the photo-Kolbe reaction - heterogeneous photocatalytic radical formation by electron spin resonance (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect observation of radical intermediates in the photo-Kolbe reaction - heterogeneous photocatalytic radical formation by electron spin resonanceBernhard Kraeutler, Calvin D. Jaeger, and Allen J. BardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 15, 4903–4905Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00483a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00483a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views877Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Is there a Role for Herbal Medicine in theTreatment of Pancreatic Cancer (2008)

One of the greatest challenges in the treatment of pancreatic cancer remains its inherent lack of beneficial response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. According to the encyclopedic knowledge on herbal medicine regimen and clinical experience accumulated for centuries, traditional Chinese medicine can provide new avenues for alternative treatments of pancreatic diseases. Chinese herbal extracts have been widely used for the treatment of various cancers, but objective information on their efficacy in pancreatic cancer is lacking. This article provides a summary of herbal medicine, presented at the Annual Meeting of ASCO, 2008. The clinical applications of these active compounds warrant further investigation in randomized, controlled clinical trials.
Mapping the Spin-Density and Lineshape Distribution of Free Radicals Using 4D Spectral-Spatial EPR Imaging (1995)

The development and application of four-dimensional spectral-spatial electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) techniques for unambiguous determination of spectral shape and spin distribution of paramagnetic samples are described. Strategies for optimizing acquisition and computation times, image resolution, and data presentation are described. The feasibility of studying small linewidth differences of approximately 0.1 G in samples of up to 25 mm in size was tested by computer simulations and by measurements on phantoms containing 0.5 mM nitroxide spin label. One thousand projections were used to reconstruct 32 x 32 x 32 x 32 pixel images. Similar 4D imaging experiments were performed on an isolated rat heart infused with a suspension of glucose char. The 4D image of the rat heart clearly showed the three-dimensional spatial structure of the heart and the spectral shape at each spatial point. Thus, we have demonstrated, for the first time, that 4D spectral-spatial EPRI could be performed on lossy biological samples or tissues at L-band frequencies, enabling the mapping of spectral information over the entire three-dimensional spatial structure of the object.
[Methicillin resistant S. aureus and multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Two of the most significant resistance problems in Denmark]. (2007)

The frequency of multi resistant bacteria (MRB) is also increasing in Denmark. This creates problems in hospitals as well as in primary health care. This paper focuses on the increase in MRSA and resistance against beta-lactams and quinolones in Enterobacteriaceae, including infection control measures against the transmission of these bacteria. The increase in MRB is a direct threat against the Danish antibiotic policy and MRB should continuously be handled without hesitation.
Glypican‐4 is an FGF2‐binding heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed in neural precursor cells (2000)

FGF2 is a crucial mitogen for neural precursor cells in the developing cerebral cortex. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are thought to play a role in cortical neurogenesis by regulating the action of FGF2 on neural precursor cells. In this article, we present data indicating that glypican-4 (K-glypican), a GPI-anchored cell surface HSPG, is involved in these processes. In the developing mouse brain, glypican-4 mRNA is expressed predominantly in the ventricular zone of the telencephalon. Neither the outer layers of the telencephalic wall nor the ventricular zone of other parts of the developing brain express significant levels of glypican-4, with the exception of the ventricular zone of the tectum. In cultures of E13 rat cortical precursor cells, glypican-4 is expressed in cells immunoreactive for nestin and the D1.1 antigen, markers of neural precursor cells. Glypican-4 expression was not detected in early postmitotic or fully differentiated neurons. Recombinant glypican-4 produced in immortalized neural precursor cells binds FGF2 through its heparan sulfate chains and suppressed the mitogenic effect of FGF2 on E13 cortical precursor cells. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of glypican-4 in the developing cerebral wall significantly overlaps with that of FGF2. These results suggest that glypican-4 plays a critical role in the regulation of FGF2 action during cortical neurogenesis. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The β-hexosaminidase Deficiency Disorders: Development of a Clinical Paradigm in the Mouse (1997)

Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease are severe neurodegenerative disorders caused by a deficiency of beta-hexosaminidase A and resultant accumulation of its substrate, GM2 ganglioside, in neuronal lysosomes. The three clinical forms of the disorders (infantile, juvenile and adult) are of varying severity and onset, and have been correlated with the amount of residual GM2 ganglioside-degrading activity present in patients' cells. Through targeted disruption of the murine beta-hexosaminidase genes in embryonic stem cells, we have developed a set of mice that vary in their GM2 ganglioside-degrading capacity and exhibit many of the clinical features of the human diseases. These mice are valuable for the study of pathogenic mechanisms and for devising novel therapeutic strategies in these disorders.
<i>BnWRI1</i> coordinates fatty acid biosynthesis and photosynthesis pathways during oil accumulation in rapeseed (2014)

Photosynthesis in "green" seeds, such as rapeseed, soybean, and Arabidopsis, plays a substantial role in the improved efficiency of oil accumulation. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning the coordinated expression of fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis- and photosynthesis-related genes in such developing seeds remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that seed-specific overexpression of BnWRI1, a WRI1 homolog from rapeseed (Brassica napus cv. ZGY2), results in enhanced chlorophyll content in developing seeds and increased oil content and seed mass in matured seeds. BnWRI1 was co-expressed with BnBCCP and BnCAB, two marker genes of FA biosynthesis and photosynthesis during seed development, respectively. Overexpression of BnWRI1 increased expression of both marker genes. Further, the nuclear-localized BnWRI1 protein was found to act as a transcription activator. It could bind to the GT1-element and/or GCC-box, which are widespread in the upstream regions of genes involved in FA biosynthesis and photosynthesis pathways. Accordingly, BnWRI1 could interact with promoters of BCCP2 and LHB1B2 in vivo. These results suggested that BnWRI1 may coordinate FA biosynthesis and photosynthesis pathways in developing seeds via directly stimulating expression of GT1-element and/or GCC-box containing genes.
A tool to calculate Erlang capacity of a BTS supporting 3G UMTS system (2002)

The second-generation (2G) wireless systems are primarily designed for voice services. The cell capacity is obtained by simulation for the given mobile environment. The cell capacity is used in network planning. The proposed 3G wireless systems mainly address data services. A 3G system allows users to use multimedia services. Therefore, there can be several different combinations of the voice and data services that may occur at a base station transceiver (BTS). This will require major time-consuming simulations to obtain the Erlang capacity of the BTS for all possible combinations of the services and will complicate the network planning process. The objective of this paper is to present a simple tool that analytically models a BTS. We do not have to depend on major simulations to obtain the BTS capacity for the given set of services. We develop the Erlang capacities of a BTS for voice services, real-time (circuit-switched) and non-real-time (packet-switched) data services. We use the capacity figures of the uplink and downlink with the link budget to calculate the maximum cell radius for each service type in an urban environment. We show the effect of uplink and downlink information bit rate on the cell radius.
SMS-Based One-Time Passwords: Attacks and Defense - (Short Paper). (2013)

Abstract. SMS-based One-Time Passwords (SMS OTP) were intro-duced to counter phishing and other attacks against Internet services such as online banking. Today, SMS OTPs are commonly used for au-thentication and authorization for many different applications. Recently, SMS OTPs have come under heavy attack, especially by smartphone Trojans. In this paper, we analyze the security architecture of SMS OTP systems and study attacks that pose a threat to Internet-based authen-tication and authorization services. We determined that the two founda-tions SMS OTP is built on, cellular networks and mobile handsets, were completely different at the time when SMS OTP was designed and intro-duced. Throughout this work, we show why SMS OTP systems cannot be considered secure anymore. Based on our findings, we propose mech-anisms to secure SMS OTPs against common attacks and specifically against smartphone Trojans.
Photodynamic Therapy for Distal and Lateral Subungual Toenail Onychomycosis Caused by Trichophyton rubrum: Preliminary Results of a Single-centre Open Trial (2010)

. A combination of topical and systemic thera-pies seems to be the ideal approach in the treatment (1). However, as many patients have conditions that contra-indicate the administration of systemic anti-fungals, and as topical treatments alone are able to control cases of only mild to moderate severity, it is necessary to develop new safe and effective strategies for the treatment of onychomycosis. The use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has ex-tended in many fields, including that of antimicrobial chemotherapy (1).
Fiber Optic Rotation Sensor (FORS) Laboratory Performance Evaluation (1979)

A single axis rotation sensor, utilizing a 200 m single mode optical fiber in a 30 cm diameter coil has been constructed and tested in the laboratory. A HeNe laser is the light source for the Sagnac interferometer-mode sensor. The outputs of Si detectors viewing two complementary interference patterns are electronically differenced to obtain a rotation dependent signal. Linear response over a rotation rate range of about 10-4 to 10-1 rad s-1 was obtained.
Application of humanities curriculum by narrative-based instruction in training of graduate students in oncology (2019)

In recent years, the application of humanities curricula has gained increasing attention gradually in Chinese medical education. For graduate students in oncology who have just been exposed to the actual clinical work, it is extremely important to develop the comprehensive abilities of physician-patient communication, humanistic care and self psychological dredging. Since 2012, we have conducted humanities curriculum by narrative-based instruction for the clinical intern graduate students in oncology at the department of surgical oncology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, and a good teaching result has been gained. This kind of humanities curricula based on open discussion could be an effective way to improve physician-patient communication ability and reduce the clinical psychology pressure for the graduate students in oncology.


Key words: 
Narrative-based instruction; Humanities curriculum; Oncology; Graduate students
Neuronal and microglial response in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (2000)

This study reports Müller cell and neuronal changes and microglial reaction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity was largely confined to astrocytes in the nerve fiber layer (NFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) in control rats. In diabetic rats especially those killed after 12 months, GFAP immunostaining could be traced along the entire length of Müller cell processes, extending from the inner to the outer limiting membrane. With the antibody neuronal nuclei, immunopositive cells were located in the GCL and the inner part of the inner nuclear layer (INL) in both diabetic and age-matched control rats. In diabetic rats, labelled cells were reduced in both layers being more marked in the INL. In age-matched control rats, OX42-immunoreactive microglial cells were distributed mainly in the NFL and GCL; some cells were localized in the inner plexiform layer, but rarely in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). Beginning 1 month after diabetes, the microglial cells appeared hypertrophic. Furthermore, microglial number as estimated from cell counts in different layers of the retina was significantly increased, with the occurrence of some cells in the OPL at 4 months. At 14 and 16 months, reactive microglial cells were detected in the outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer. Present results suggest that microglial reaction in induced diabetes was elicited by neuronal cell loss in both GCL and INL as well as by some pathologic changes affecting the photoreceptors.
Hyperammonemia: What Urea-lly Need to Know: Case Report of Severe Noncirrhotic Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy and Review of the Literature (2016)

<i>Purpose</i>. A 66-year-old man who presented with coma was found to have isolated severe hyperammonemia and diagnosed with a late-onset urea-cycle disorder. He was treated successfully and had full recovery. <i>Methods</i>. We report a novel case of noncirrhotic hyperammonemia and review the literature on this topic. Selected literature for review included English-language articles concerning hyperammonemia using the search terms "hyperammonemic encephalopathy", "non-cirrhotic encephalopathy", "hepatic encephalopathy", "urea-cycle disorders", "ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency", and "fulminant hepatic failure". <i>Results</i>. A unique case of isolated hyperammonemia diagnosed as late-onset OTC deficiency is presented. Existing evidence about hyperammonemia is organized to address pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. The case report is discussed in context of the reviewed literature. <i>Conclusion</i>. Late-onset OTC deficiency presenting with severe hyperammonemic encephalopathy and extensive imaging correlate can be fully reversible if recognized promptly and treated aggressively.
Printed circuit board family grouping and component allocation for a multimachine, open-shop assembly cell (1994)

This article considers a particular printed circuit board (PCB) assembly system employing surface mount technology. Multiple, identical automatic placement machines, a variety of board types, and a large number of component types characterize the environment studied. The problem addressed is that of minimizing the makespan for assembling a batch of boards with a secondary objective of reducing the mean flow time. The approach adopted is that of grouping boards into production families, allocating component types to placement machines for each family, dividing of families into board groups with similar processing times, and the scheduling of groups. A complete setup is incurred only when changing over between board families. For the environment studied, precedence constraints on the order of component placement do not exist, and placement times are independent of feeder location. Heuristic solution procedures are proposed to create board subfamilies (groups) for which the component mounting times are nearly identical within a subfamily. Assignment of the same component type to multiple machines is avoided. The procedures use results from the theory of open-shop scheduling and parallel processor scheduling to sequence boards on machines. Note that we do not impose an open-shop environment but rather model the problem in the context of an open shop, because the order of component mountings is immaterial. Three procedures are proposed for allocating components to machines and subsequently scheduling boards on the machines. The first two procedures assign components to machines to balance total work load. For scheduling purposes, the first method groups boards into subfamilies to adhere to the assumptions of the open-shop model, and the second procedure assumes that each board is a subfamily and these are scheduled in order of shortest total processing time. The third procedure starts by forming board subfamilies based on total component similarity and then assigns components to validate the open-shop model. We compare the performance of the three procedures using estimated daily, two-day, and weekly production requirements by averaging quarterly production data for an actual cell consisting of five decoupled machines. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multi-sensor personal navigator supported by adaptive knowledge based system: Performance assessment (2008)

The prototype of a personal navigator, which integrates Global Positioning System (GPS), tactical grade inertial measurement unit (IMU), digital barometer, magnetometer, and human pedometry to support navigation and tracking of military and rescue ground personnel has been developed at The Ohio State University Satellite Positioning and Inertial Navigation (SPIN) Laboratory. This paper discusses the design, implementation and performance assessment of the prototype, with a special emphasis on dead-reckoning (DR) navigation supported by a human locomotion model. The primary components of the human locomotion model are step frequency (SF), extracted from GPS-timed impact micro-switches placed on the shoe soles of the operator, step length (SL), and step direction (SD), both determined by predictive models derived by the adaptive knowledge based system (KBS). SL KBS is based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL), and is trained a priori using sensory data collected by various operators in various environments during GPS signal reception. An additional KBS module, in the form of a Kalman Filter (KF), is used to improve the heading information (SD) available from the magnetometer and gyroscope under GPS-denied conditions, as well as to integrate the DR parameters to reconstruct the trajectory based on SL and SD. The current target accuracy of the system is 3-5 m CEP (circular error probable, 50%). This paper provides a performance analysis in the indoor and outdoor environments for two different operators. The systempsilas navigation limitation in DR mode is tested in terms of time and trajectory length to determine the upper limit of indoor operation before the need for re-calibration.
Polysilicon thin film transistors fabricated on low temperature plastic substrates (1999)

We present device results from polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs) fabricated at a maximum temperature of 100 °C on polyester substrates. Critical to our success has been the development of a processing cluster tool containing chambers dedicated to laser crystallization, dopant deposition, and gate oxidation. Our TFT fabrication process integrates multiple steps in this tool, and uses the laser to crystallize deposited amorphous silicon as well as create heavily doped TFT source/drain regions. By combining laser crystallization and doping, a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition SiO2 layer for the gate dielectric, and postfabrication annealing at 150 °C, we have succeeded in fabricating TFTs with ION/IOFF ratios &gt;5×105 and electron mobilities &gt;40 cm2/V s on polyester substrates.
The Pharmacokinetics of Venlafaxine When Given in a Twice‐Daily Regimen (1995)

The comparative bioavailability of the novel antidepressant venlafaxine and its pharmacologically active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine was assessed when venlafaxine was given orally twice daily (75 mg bid) or 3 times daily (50 mg tid). Eighteen healthy subjects participated in an open-label, randomized, two-period, crossover study lasting 12 days. Each subject was randomly assigned to take venlafaxine according to a bid or a tid regimen through day 8 and was crossed over to the other regimen on days 9 to 12. The daily dose was titrated up to 150 mg/d and was held constant on days 5 to 12. Plasma samples for quantitation of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine were obtained during a 24-hour steady-state interval on days 8 and 12. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences between the two venlafaxine regimens for peak concentration (Cmax), area under the curve during 24 hours (AUC0-24), trough concentration, or fluctuation ratio for venlafaxine or O-desmethylvenlafaxine in plasma. The bioequivalence ratios for Cmax and AUC0-24 of both compounds were calculated to compare the bid regimen and the tid regimen. The mean value for each of the 4 ratios was between 96 and 100%, and the 90% confidence limits around each ratio were within 90 to 110%. These results indicate that dividing a daily 150-mg venlafaxine dose into 2 or 3 doses provides equivalent total exposure and peak plasma concentrations of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine, its active metabolite. Therefore, based on pharmacokinetic considerations, it appears that the same daily dose of venlafaxine can be given in either two or three divided doses without compromising efficacy.
The insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors in the Mekong region (2008)

This is the first large scale, cross-country survey of insecticide resistance in Anopheles species in the Mekong Region. A unique baseline data on insecticide resistance for the Mekong region is now available, which enables the follow-up of trends in susceptibility status in the region and which will serve as the basis for further resistance management. Large differences in insecticide resistance status were observed among species and countries. In Vietnam, insecticide resistance was mainly observed in low or transmission-free areas, hence an immediate change of malaria vector control strategy is not required. Though, resistance management is important because the risk of migration of mosquitoes carrying resistance genes from non-endemic to endemic areas. Moreover, trends in resistance status should be carefully monitored and the impact of existing vector control tools on resistant populations should be assessed.