gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host factors predisposing to anaerobic infections (1993)

Factors that predispose to infection in general, of course, may predispose to infection with anaerobes. Included in this category are diabetes mellitus, neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, malignancy, splenectomy, collagen vascular disease, cytotoxic drug therapy, corticosteroid therapy and other immunosuppression. However, even with these situations there may be certain, more specific, associations: anaerobic cholecystitis and anaerobic osteomyelitis in diabetics, neutropenic colitis, and the increased incidence of local anaerobic infections associated with carcinoma of the lung, colon and uterus. Conditions that lead to decreased redox potential more specifically predispose to infection with anaerobes. Included in this category are obstruction and stasis, tissue anoxia, tissue destruction, vascular insufficiency, prior aerobic infection, burns, foreign body implantation, and calcium salts in a wound (in association with fractures). Other specific clinical situations that predispose to anaerobic infections include leukaemia; oral, gastrointestinal, and female pelvic surgery; trauma at other sites; childbirth; aspiration pneumonia; human and animal bites; and therapy with agents with poor activity against anaerobes (e.g. aminoglycosides, quinolones). AIDS patients appear to be predisposed to severe periodontal disease and its complications.
3D power grid modeling (2005)

The paper describes on-chip 3D power grid (PG) modeling for high performance CPU designs. We show that for high frequencies (above 1 GHz) it is necessary to use the full RLM PG model with extracted partial self and mutual conductors' inductances, rather than resistive R or RL models. We also present a practical model reduction technique named "real space reduction" (RSR), which enables simplifying the model and reduces memory and simulation time without significant accuracy losses.
Radiation induced single-word multiple-bit upsets correction in SRAM (2005)

In this paper, the authors introduced an approach for single-word multiple-bit upsets (SMU) correction in SRAM. This approach uses the combination of built in current sensor (BICS) and Hamming single error correction/double error detection (SEC/DED) codes. The BICS is used with memory columns for online detection of upsets. When the upset is detected by the BICS, an immediate error correction is performed by the ECC. If ECC gives flag for uncorrectable error i.e. double or more errors in single word, then information from BICS is used to invert the data read from columns flagged by the BICS.
Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Composites from Cubic Silsesquioxanes (2001)

A new class of epoxy nanocomposites with completely defined organic/inorganic phases was prepared by reacting octakis(glycidyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane [(glydicylMe(2)SiOSiO(1.5))(8)] (OG) with diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) at various compositional ratios. The effects of reaction curing conditions on nanostructural organization and mechanical properties were explored. A commercial epoxy resin based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) was used as a reference material throughout these studies. FTIR was used to follow the curing process and to demonstrate that the silsesquioxane structure is preserved during processing. OG/DDM composites possess comparable tensile moduli (E) and fracture toughness (K(IC)) to, and better thermal stabilities than, DGEBA/DDM cured under similar conditions. Dynamic mechanical analysis and model reaction studies suggest that the maximum cross-link density is obtained at N = 0.5 (NH(2):epoxy groups = 0.5) whereas the mechanical properties are maximized at N = 1.0. Digestion of the inorganic core with HF followed by GPC analysis of the resulting organic tether fragments when combined with the model reaction studies confirms that, at N = 0.5, each organic tether connects four cubes, while, at N = 1.0, linear tethers connecting two cubes dominate the network structure. Thus, well-defined nanocomposites with controlled variation of the organic tether architecture can be made and their properties assessed.
Construction of Synthetic Escherichia Coli Producing s-linalool (2012)

Floral scents are used in many industries and demand for them increases every year. However, the shortage of extracted fragrance supplies from plants leads to high market costs of floral scents. Production of these fragrances from microorganisms is an alternative. In this work we applied the synthetic biology approach to construct a synthetic Escherichia coli system to produce linalool, which is the main component in floral scents. The E. coli system was synthesized in a laboratory by constructing 2 new BioBrick parts, GPPS and LIS Bricks. They were employed to construct GPPS and LIS generator devices by combing them with existing BioBricks from the Registry of BioBrick Standards; i.e., BBa_R0040, BBa_B0030, BBa_B0015. The synthetic E. coli system was created by transforming the generators into a non-scent E. coli YYC912 chassis. The system was tested by culturing synthetic cells in LB medium containing kanamycin and tetramycin. It was found that the synthetic E. coli successfully synthesized linalool and exhibited the strongest linalool scent at 96 hours of cultivation. This synthetic cell will be further used as a base strain for future construction of strains that can make higher linalool products for use on the industry level.
Detecting chirality in molecules by imaging photoelectron circular dichroism (2013)

In this Perspective we discuss photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD), a relatively novel technique that can detect chiral molecules with high sensitivity. PECD has an enantiomeric sensitivity of typically 1-10%, which is two to three orders of magnitude larger than that of the widely employed technique of circular dichroism (CD). In PECD a chiral molecule is photoionized with circular polarized light, and the photoelectron angular scattering distribution is detected using particle imaging techniques. We present the general physical principles of photoelectron circular dichroism and we address both single- and multiphoton excitation. PECD has been measured with synchrotron radiation in single-photon ionization as well as, very recently, with femtosecond laser radiation in multiphoton ionization. We discuss the experimental implementation of PECD, focusing on velocity map coincidence imaging where the momentum distribution of both the electron and the coincident ion is measured. The coincident detection of the mass and momentum of the ion adds very powerful mass-correlated information to the PECD measurement of the chiral molecule. We illustrate the capabilities and the potential of PECD with various experimental examples and introduce computational methods that are able to model quantitatively experimental PECD results. We conclude with an outlook on novel developments and (analytical) implementations of PECD that may further broaden the application of PECD for the sensitive detection of chirality in molecules.
Tuneable multiwavelength semiconductor laser with single fibre output (1991)

A new multiwavelength semiconductor laser with singlemode fibre output is reported. The laser consists of a semiconductor laser array which is incorporated into an external cavity comprising a diffraction grating and a fibre loop mirror. This laser has five wavelength-locked output channels with a fixed separation of 2.5 nm. The centre wavelength may be tuned over 80 nm.
Design considerations and implementations of a high performance dynamic register file (1999)

This paper presents a detailed analysis of a high performance dynamic (self-resetting) 500 MHz 8-port register file (6 Read and 2 Write ports, 32 wordlines/spl times/64 bitlines). The register file includes novel multistage fast forward evaluation and multi-branch reset paths. The design of such paths requires a detailed timing plan. Based on gate delays and performance requirements collisions are prevented by providing interlocks for the incoming addresses with the reset trigger signals. The output pulsewidth is controlled by a chopper circuit. Measured internal waveforms of the hardware are correlated with the simulations indicating a robust high performance design. A full functional behavior of register file is achieved at a cycle time of 2 ns in a 2.5 V, 0.5 /spl mu/m, CMOS technology. Low noise levels at the dynamic nodes and low power are salient features of 8-port register file. Measurements of the supply current variation as a function of frequency are useful in diagnosing collisions. Further improvement in performance is demonstrated by mapping the register file 0.5 /spl mu/m Silicon on Insulator (SOI) CMOS technology.
Preparation and characterization of poly(<i>N</i>‐<i>tert</i>‐butylacrylamide‐<i>co</i>‐acrylamide) ferrogel (2009)

Abstract Magnetic‐field‐sensitive gel, called ferrogel, was prepared by a two‐step procedure in which first step requires synthesis of the poly( N ‐ tert ‐butylacrylamide‐ co ‐acrylamide) [P(NTBA‐ co ‐AAm)] hydrogel and during second step magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) particles were formed in the hydrogel via coprecipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in alkaline medium at 70°C. The obtained ferrogel was characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance measurements. The magnetic responsive of the ferrogel was also investigated by applying magnetic field to the ferrogel. The extent of a bending degree of the ferrogel depends on the applied magnetic field strength. In addition, the magnetic responsive studies also indicated that formed magnetite content in the hydrogel is high enough to achieve considerable magnetic response to external magnetic field. As a result, the P(NTBA‐ co ‐AAm) ferrogel may be useful for potential applications in magnetically controlled drug release systems, magnetic‐sensitive sensors, and pseudomuscular actuators. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Halomonas xianhensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline soil contaminated with crude oil (2011)

A Gram-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium, strain A-1(T), was isolated from a saline soil contaminated with crude oil in Xianhe, Shangdong Province, China. Strain A-1(T) formed yellow colonies, was moderately halophilic and grew with 0.05-27.5% (w/v) total salts (optimum 5-8%), at 10-42 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.2). The dominant fatty acids (>5%) were C(16:0), summed feature 3 (comprising C(16:1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15:0) 2-OH), C(18:1)ω7c, C(19:0) cyclo ω8c and C(12:0) 3-OH and the predominant ubiquinone was Q-9. The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain A-1(T) belonged to the genus Halomonas in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The closest relatives were Halomonas lutea YIM 91125(T) (97.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), H. muralis LMG 20969(T) (95.6%), H. pantelleriensis AAP(T) (95.5%) and H. kribbensis BH843(T) (95.2%). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain A-1(T) and H. lutea CCTCC AB 206093(T) was 27±3%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain A-1(T) should be placed in the genus Halomonas as a representative of a novel species. The name Halomonas xianhensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain A-1(T) (=CGMCC 1.6848(T) =JCM 14849(T)) as the type strain.
DEMAND FOR CROP INSURANCE BY ORGANIC CORN AND SOYBEAN FARMERS IN THREE MAJOR PRODUCING STATES (2010)

A survey of organic grain and oilseed producers in Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin was conducted to collect information about their demographic characteristics, production and price risk management strategies, yields and losses, and crop insurance decisions. The data are analyzed using a discrete choice model to establish which variables influence organic producers’ decision of whether to purchase crop insurance and also which ones affect the insurance product choice when applicable. The study describes the risk profiles of organic producers, and analyzes whether significant variations exist between organic and conventional methods of production so as to quantitatively determine the differential production risk associated with organic production. This research may contribute to the design of an organic crop insurance policy in which organic producers would be charged according to their idiosyncratic production risks, rather than the arbitrary 5% blanket premium surcharge currently in use.
Coupling from a thin film to an optical fiber (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. A. Teh and G. I. Stegeman, "Coupling from a thin film to an optical fiber," Appl. Opt. 17, 2483-2484 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Roles of Factor XII in Innate Immunity (2019)

Factor XII (FXII) is the zymogen of serine protease, factor XIIa (FXIIa). FXIIa enzymatic activities have been extensively studied and FXIIa inhibition is emerging as a promising target to treat or prevent thrombosis without creating a hemostatic defect. FXII and plasma prekallikrein reciprocally activate each other and result in liberation of bradykinin. Due to its unique structure among coagulation factors, FXII exerts mitogenic activity in endothelial and smooth muscle cells, indicating that zymogen FXII has activities independent of its protease function. A growing body of evidence has revealed that both FXII and FXIIa upregulate neutrophil functions, contribute to macrophage polarization and induce T-cell differentiation. <i>In vivo</i>, these signaling activities contribute to host defense against pathogens, mediate the development of neuroinflammation, influence wound repair and may facilitate cancer maintenance and progression. Here, we review the roles of FXII in innate immunity as they relate to non-sterile and sterile immune responses.
Ultrastructure of 40-Million-Year-Old Insect Tissue (1982)

Examination of the ultrastructure of preserved tissue in the abdomen of a fossil fly (Mycetophilidae: Diptera) entombed in Baltic amber revealed recognizable cell organelles. Structures that corresponded to muscle fibers, nuclei, ribosomes, lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria were identified with the transmission electron microscope. Preservation was attributed to inert dehydration as well as the presence of compounds in the original sap which functioned as natural fixatives. This evidence of cell organelles in fossilized soft tissues represent an extreme form of mummification since Baltic amber is considered to have formed about 40 million years ago.
Polymer mems-based fabry-perot shear stress sensor (2003)

This paper reports a novel optical fiber-based micro-shear stress sensor utilizing a flexible membrane and double SU-8 resist structures as a moving micro-mirror, together with an optical fiber as a micro-Fabry-Perot interferometer. This sensor can be employed in air or liquid environments with high sensitivity because of its waterproof design. Through UV lithography processes on thick SU-8 resist, the roughness of the reflection surface has approached 7 nm (Ra value), suitable for optical applications. A single-mode optical fiber is employed for detecting the displacement of the floating element induced by shear stress. Tests have been carried out successfully and a detection possibility of 10 nm-displacement of the floating element and a displacement sensitivity of 0.128 nm/nm (spectrum shift/floating element displacement) has been demonstrated. The temperature coefficient of this fiber-optic sensor has been characterized to be 3.4 nm/K linearly from 25 to 48°C. Fluid tests have also been performed by placing the sensor inside the inner wall of a precisely machined rectangular channel and the result shows a sensitivity of 0.4 nm/ml/min (spectrum shift/flow rate), corresponding to a shear stress resolution of 0.65 Pa/nm (shear stress/spectrum shift). The minimum detectable shear stress is thereby estimated as 0.065 Pa from the reading resolution of the spectrometer of 0.1 nm, comparable to its counterparts with resolutions from 0.1-1 Pa.
Mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of peroxide‐cured silicone rubber foams (2008)

Abstract Silicone rubber (SR) foams were prepared by the peroxide curing of a silicone compound with 2,4‐dichlorobenzoyl peroxide (DCBP), di‐ t ‐butyl peroxide (DTBP), or 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di( t ‐butylperoxy) hexane (DBPH) in the presence of 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a blowing agent. The cells were formed in the foam as a result of nitrogen produced by the decomposition of AIBN during the foaming process. The cell size, hardness, and tensile properties of the SR foams were examined as a function of the peroxide concentration. When the peroxide concentration increased, the hardness and tensile strength of the SR foams increased, whereas the cell size and elongation at break decreased. The antibacterial activity of the prepared foams was also evaluated via their effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The peroxide‐cured SR foams had antibacterial activity because a toxic residue was generated by the peroxide decomposition. The foam prepared by the AIBN/DCBP system showed more antibacterial activity than the AIBN/DBPH and AIBN/DTBP ones. However, after postcuring at 250°C for 2 h, the antibacterial activity of the SR foams significantly decreased. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Spin-sprayed Ni–Zn–Co ferrite films with high μr″&gt;100 in extremely wide frequency range 100 MHz–1 GHz (2003)

Ni–Zn–Co ferrite films were deposited by the spin-spray ferrite plating from an aqueous solution. Film with optimized Zn and Co contents (i.e., Ni0.22Zn0.52Co0.03Fe2.23O4) exhibited the real permeability μr′ higher than 260 at frequencies up to 130 MHz, and the imaginary permeability μr″ higher than 100 in the extremely wide frequency range from 100 MHz to 1 GHz. Prepared at the very low temperature of 90 °C without postdeposition annealing, these films are promising to be actually applied to electromagnetic noise suppressors which directly cover the noise source elements on printed circuit boards.
Research Progress in Epoxy Encapsulating Materials (2009)

Epoxy resins as a most widely used class of encapsulating materials has many merits:good dielectric behavior,thermal characteristics and bonding performance,easily molding technics,low viscosity,outstanding resistance to chemicals,moisture and corrosion,low shrinkage during cure and so on.Due to the brittleness of epoxy resin,several different toughening methods for epoxy encapsulating materials are reviewed,which include rubber,core-shell latex polymer,thermoplastic resin,liquid crystal polyester,inorganic rigid particles toughening.The latest application research progress of epoxy encapsulating materials is introduced in the paper.Lastly,the development trend and prospect of epoxy encapsulating materials are investigated.
A MONOS-Type Flash Memory Using a High-k HfAlO Charge Trapping Layer (2004)

10.1149/1.1784054
Novel material with narrow-band transparency window in the bulk (2000)

This paper presents the theoretical design of an artificial dielectric exhibiting narrowband frequency selective properties in the bulk without relying on periodic placement of elements. In this manner, it initiates a novel approach that bypasses the drawbacks of the traditional frequency selective surfaces (FSS), namely, unwanted passbands, dependence on excitation angle and polarization, and difficulties in conversion from planar to curved geometries. The key design elements are the concentric geometry of the inclusions and the use of Lorentzian resonant media. A discussion of physical resonant materials is presented, substantiating the credibility of the theoretical design. To illustrate the approach, a novel complex medium is synthesized as an ensemble of spherical particles composed of a lossy core coated with a highly resonant dielectric layer and embedded into a dielectric host. The resulting structure is an amorphous substance, lossy over its entire spectrum except for two narrow-band transparency windows, where it may become as lossless as desired. The parameter space of the system is thoroughly analyzed which determines the type of constitutive materials and geometries for tailor-designing the windows according to specifications (shape, positioning and overall normalization). In this sense, the lossy concentric structure forms an ideal candidate for thin absorbing films (TAFs) with extensive applications in antenna systems, RF absorbers, and anechoic chambers.
Submerged Citric Acid Fermentation of Sugar Beet Molasses. Effect of Ferrocyanide Control (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubmerged Citric Acid Fermentation of Sugar Beet Molasses. Effect of Ferrocyanide ControlD. S. ClarkCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1962, 1, 1, 59–62Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/i360001a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (426 KB) Get e-Alerts
On 3G LTE Terminal Implementation - Standard, Algorithms, Complexities and Challenges (2008)

Currently, 3GPP standardizes an evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) within the Release 8 Long Term Evolution (LTE) project. Targets include higher spectral efficiency, lower latency, higher peak data rate when compared to previous 3GPP air interfaces. The air interface of E-UTRAN is based on OFDMA and MIMO in downlink and on SCFDMA in uplink Main challenges for a terminal implementation include efficient realization of the inner receiver, especially for channel estimation and equalisation, and the outer receiver including a turbo decoder which needs to handle data rates of up to 75 Mbps per spatial MIMO stream. We show that the inner receiver can nicely and straightforwardly be parallelized due to frequency domain processing. In addition to the computational complexity of even a simple linear equaliser, one of the challenges is an efficient implementation considering necessary flexibility for different MIMO modes, power consumption and silicon area. This paper will briefly overview the current LTE standard, highlight a functional data flow through the single entities of an LTE terminal and elaborate more on possible first implementation details, including sample algorithms and first complexity estimates.