gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regioselective oxidation catalysis in synthetic phospholipid vesicles. Membrane-spanning steroidal metalloporphyrins (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselective oxidation catalysis in synthetic phospholipid vesicles. Membrane-spanning steroidal metalloporphyrinsJohn T. Groves and Ronny NeumannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 8, 2900–2909Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00190a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00190a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views747Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perspectives on the Failure of the Labour Movement in Pre-War Japan (1979)

The purpose of this article is to explore some distinctive features of Japanese labour that bear on a question which has long preoccupied Japanese historians and which has received the attention of Western scholars as well: why was it that Japan, the first non-Western country to experience the industrial revolution, did not witness the parallel develop ment of a strong labour movement in the pre-World War II period when there existed in Japan many of the same strains that gave rise to powerful and assertive labour movements in such other late-developing industrial societies as, for example, Germany. Before proceeding, however, two caveats are in order. First, I do not intend considering at length the quick answer to the question of why the pre-war Japanese labour movement ultimately suffered extinction in 1940: that is, the answer which attributes the movement's failure simply to political repression by an authoritarian State centred on the Emperor system, in alliance with the conservative zaibatsu, the huge financial combines that epitomised Japanese capitalism. That political repression occurred is undeniable. Japanese labour unions remained illegal until after World War II and they were often hounded by the police. This was true throughout the two cycles of the movement's pre-war history. The first unions that arose in Japan in the 1890s succumbed by 1911 to police harassment after lending support to a budding socialist movement that they felt would help redress worker grievances on the political front but which the State regarded as sub versive.
Memory facilitation by histamine. (1986)

The immediate posttraining intracerebroventricular administration of histamine (1 or 10, but not 0.1 or 100, ng/rat) facilitated retention test performance of step-down inhibitory avoidance behavior measured 24 hr later, in rats. The effect was antagonized by the simultaneous administration of both promethazine (1000 ng/rat) and cimetidine (1000 ng/rat), but not by either promethazine or cimetidine given alone. The antagonists had no effect of their own on behavior. The findings show that histamine has an extraordinarily powerful effect on memory processes, but do not necessarily suggest that this substance has a physiological role in memory modulation.
Magnetic Properties and Recrystallization Texture Evolutions of Phosphorus-bearing Non-oriented Electrical Steel Sheets (2007)

The effect of phosphorus (P) on magnetic properties and also on recrystallization texture of non-oriented electrical steel sheets has been investigated to develop core materials with low core loss and high permeability. Specimens containing different amounts of P were cold-rolled to various thicknesses, i.e. with various cold-rolling reductions, and annealed for recrystallization and grain growth. Magnetic induction of the steel with a large amount of P was higher than that of the steel with a small amount of P. Moreover, magnetic induction of the steel with a large amount of P slightly decreased with reduction of sheet thickness, i.e. with an increase in cold-rolling reduction, whereas magnetic induction of the steel with a small amount of P dramatically decreased. The most effective way to reduce core loss was to reduce thickness of electrical steel sheets. Therefore, P-bearing thin gauge non-oriented electrical steel sheets achieved low core loss and high permeability. The typical magnetic properties of P-bearing non-oriented electrical steel sheets with a thickness of 0.27 mm were 16.6 W/kg in W10/400 and 1.73 T in B50. These excellent magnetic properties were provided by the recrystallization texture control by P. {111}‹112› component in recrystallization texture, which deteriorates magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets, was suppressed during recrystallization. Furthermore, {φ1, Φ, φ2} = {25°, 10–15°, 45°} component significantly developed at the expense of {111}‹112› component during grain growth. P segregation at initial grain boundaries would be responsible for this texture evolution. Accordingly, P would greatly contribute to the improvement of magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel sheets through the recrystallization texture control.
Transcriptome of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhi within macrophages revealed through the selective capture of transcribed sequences (2006)

The cDNA obtained by selective capture of transcribed sequences is a complex mixture that can be used in conjunction with microarrays to determine global gene expression by a pathogen during infection. We used this method to study genes expressed by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid fever, within human macrophages. Global expression profiles of Typhi grown in vitro and within macrophages at different time points were obtained and compared. Known virulence factors, such as the SPI-1- and SPI-2-encoded type III secretion systems, were found to be expressed as predicted during infection by Salmonella, which validated our data. Typhi inside macrophages showed increased expression of genes encoding resistance to antimicrobial peptides, used the glyoxylate bypass for fatty acid utilization, and did not induce the SOS response or the oxidative stress response. Genes coding for the flagellar apparatus, chemotaxis, and iron transport systems were down-regulated in vivo. Many cDNAs corresponding to genes with unknown functions were up-regulated inside human macrophages and will be important to consider for future studies to elucidate the intracellular lifestyle of this human-specific pathogen. Real-time quantitative PCR was consistent with the microarray results. The combined use of selective capture of transcribed sequences and microarrays is an effective way to determine the bacterial transcriptome in vivo and could be used to investigate transcriptional profiles of other bacterial pathogens without the need to recover many nanograms of bacterial mRNA from host and without increasing the multiplicity of infection beyond what is seen in nature.
Induction of MMP-13 expression in bone-metastasizing cancer cells by type I collagen through integrin α1β1 and α2β1-p38 MAPK signaling. (2011)

Our study indicates that metastatic breast cancer cells in the bone microenvironment attached to type I collagen, which stimulated integrins α1β1 and α2β1, via FAK and p38 MAPK pathways, to induce MMP13 expression and further osteolysis.
Effects of HIV infection on VH3 (D12 idiotope) B cells in vivo. (1994)

The abnormalities of B lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection usually have been attributed to secondary consequences of disturbed immunoregulation. However, recent work has revealed avid binding of HIV gp120 to a conserved immunoglobulin motif unique to the VH3 gene family and the selective gp120-induced activation of VH3 B cells in vitro. This cross-sectional clinical study tests whether HIV infection is associated with a selective response of VH3 B cells in vivo. Levels of blood B cells and serum immunoglobulins (Ig) expressing the D12 idiotope of the VH3 gene family were measured in subjects of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study grouped according to clinical stages of HIV infection. A 3-fold elevation in D12 B cells was observed in HIV seropositive versus seronegative groups. This was selective for the D12 population, since total B cell numbers were identical in the two groups. The levels of D12 B cells and CD4 T cells were significantly correlated, and D12 B cells were markedly reduced in the AIDS group (4- and 10-fold, compared to the seronegative and seropositive groups). Analogous differences were also seen in the levels of serum anti-gp120 D12 Ig. This change in VH3 B cells among groups of HIV-infected individuals provides further evidence identifying gp120 as a VH3 B cell superantigen.
Middle Chinese labial softening (2021)

Abstract Labiodentalization was an important phonetic change in Middle Chinese sounds. This essay introduces and analyzes Chinese scholars’ views and arguments on some problems on labiodentalization. These problems contain the exact time when the labiodentals developed from the bilabials in phonetic value, the condition of development and a special phenomenon of the onset spellers in the Division- III rhymes.
Meta-recommendation systems (2002)

In a world where the number of choices can be overwhelming, recommender systems help users find and evaluate items of interest. They do so by connecting users with information regarding the content of recommended items or the opinions of other individuals. Such systems have become powerful tools in domains such as electronic commerce, digital libraries, and knowledge management. In this paper, we address such systems and introduce a new class of recommender system called meta-recommenders. Meta-recommenders provide users with personalized control over the generation of a single recommendation list formed from a combination of rich data using multiple information sources and recommendation techniques. We discuss experiments conducted to aid in the design of interfaces for a meta-recommender in the domain of movies. We demonstrate that meta-recommendations fill a gap in the current design of recommender systems. Finally, we consider the challenges of building real-world, usable meta-recommenders across a variety of domains.
Polyamine synthesis and accumulation in the hypersensitive response to TMV in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> (1997)

summary The possible involvement of polyamines in the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)‐induced hypersensitive reaction (HR) in Nicotiana tabacum (L.) cv. Samsun NN, which bears the N resistance gene, was investigated. Concentrations of free and conjugated polyamines, as well as the activities of their biosynthetic enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC), were analysed in the necrotic area (I, internal zone) and in the two concentric zones surrounding it (M, middle zone; E, external zone) during the progression of the HR (1, 3 and 5 d from TMV inoculation). Results were compared with those obtained in control plants (mock‐inoculated) and with the pattern in susceptible TMV‐infected tobacco plants. In the HR, concentration increased towards zone I for free putrescine and spermidine. Highest concentrations in zones M and I occurred on day 3. Conjugated polyamines similarly showed an increasing concentration gradient towards zone I, with maximum accumulation on day 5. ODC and ADC activities also showed an increasing gradient towards zone I that could be related to the increase in free and conjugated polyamines. By contrast, in control plants concentrations of free and conjugated polyamines decreased from day 1 to day 5, ODC activity increased slightly, whereas ADC activity did not show significant changes. In the TMV‐infected susceptible tobacco plants, polyamines tended to remain in the free state instead of being conjugated as infection progressed. These results suggest that polyamines could play a role in mechanisms of resistance to biotic stress.
Ruminations on Multi-Tenant Databases (2007)

Abstract: This is a position paper on multi-tenant databases. As motivation, it first describes the emerging marketplace of hosted enterprise services and the importance of using multi-tenancy to handle high traffic volumes at low cost. It then outlines the main requirements on multi-tenant databases: scale up by consolidating multiple tenants onto the same server and scale out by providing an administrative framework that manages a farm of such servers. Finally it describes three approaches to implementing multi-tenant databases and compares them based on some simple experiments. The main conclusion is that existing database vendors need to enhance their products to better support multi-tenancy. 1 Hosted Services and Multi-Tenancy In the hosted service model [GM02a, GM02b, Wa03], a service provider develops an application and operates the system that hosts it. Customers access the application over the Internet using industry-standard web browsers or Web Services clients. As the Internet has matured, hosted services have appeared for an increasingly wide variety of enterprise applications, including ones that manage sales, marketing, support, human resources, planning, manufacturing, inventory, financials, purchasing, and compliance [Th06]. While hosted services are attractive to all segments of the market, they are particularly appealing to small- to mediumsized businesses, which often lack the resources to maintain a complex data center. Hosted services are
Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogenetic Distribution of the <i>Escherichia coli pks</i> Genomic Island (2008)

Epidemiological and phylogenetic associations of the pks genomic island of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), which encodes the genotoxin colibactin, are incompletely defined. clbB and clbN (as markers for the 5' and 3' regions of the pks island, respectively), clbA and clbQ (as supplemental pks island markers), and 12 other putative ExPEC virulence genes were newly sought by PCR among 131 published E. coli isolates from hospitalized veterans (62 blood isolates and 69 fecal isolates). Blood and fecal isolates and clbB-positive and -negative isolates were compared for 66 newly and previously assessed traits. Among the 14 newly sought traits, clbB and clbN (colibactin polyketide synthesis system), hra (heat-resistant agglutinin), and vat (vacuolating toxin) were significantly associated with bacteremia. clbB and clbN identified a subset within phylogenetic group B2 with extremely high virulence scores and a high proportion of blood isolates. However, by multivariable analysis, other traits were more predictive of blood source than clbB and clbN were; indeed, among the newly sought traits, only pic significantly predicted bacteremia (negative association). By correspondence analysis, clbB and clbN were closely associated with group B2 and multiple B2-associated traits; by principal coordinate analysis, clbB and clbN partitioned the data set better than did blood versus fecal source. Thus, the pks island was significantly associated with bacteremia, multiple ExPEC-associated virulence genes, and group B2, and within group B2, it identified an especially high-virulence subset. This extends previous work regarding the pks island and supports investigation of the colibactin system as a potential therapeutic target.
Epoxy Networks with Physical Cross-Links Produced by Tail-to-Tail Associations of Alkyl Chains (2009)

In a recent paper (Zucchi, I. A.; et al. Macromolecules 2008, 41, 4895), we showed that linear amphiphilic epoxy polymers synthesized by the polyaddition of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with dodecylamine (DA) could undergo a physical gelation process through tail-to-tail association of dodecyl chains. The aim of the present study was to analyze in more detail conditions leading to the formation of epoxy networks with physical cross-links by the reaction of DGEBA with alkylamines of different chain lengths: octylamine (OA), dodecylamine (DA), and hexadecylamine (HA). SAXS spectra showed that tail-to-tail associations of alkyl chains were present since the beginning of polymerization and remained in the final materials. Initially, these associations correspond to micelles of the alkylamines dispersed in the solvent (DGEBA). In the course of polymerization, micelles are disaggregated as the individual alkylamine chains become part of the linear amphiphilic polymer. However, tail-to-tail associations among alkyl chains attached to the polymer backbone persisted in the final materials. Reactions were followed by rheometry at 100 °C. For every system, a significant discontinuity in the increase in the storage modulus observed at advanced conversions was assigned to a phase inversion process produced by solvent depletion. By annealing prolonged times at the reaction temperature, a crossover of storage and loss modulus was observed because of the increase in the extent of associations among alkyl chains leading to a physical gel. Times for physical gelation varied in the order OA < DA < HA. Both DGEBA−DA and DGEBA−HA polymers could be reversibly transformed from gel to liquid states by appropriate heating−cooling cycles; however, the DGEBA−OA polymer showed no thermoreversibility. Physical gels exhibited a high swelling capacity in THF (HA > DA > OA). These amphiphilic gels could be used as dispersion media for a variety of nanoparticles stabilized with alkyl chains. They can also be the basis of single-component thermally remendable epoxy networks.
Correspondence on Microwave Effects in Organic Synthesis (2013)

They're real. Microwave effects in organic synthesis remain controversial, but there is no longer any room for doubt that they exist. The question of whether the organic synthesis community should try to harness microwave effects strategically is the focus of this Correspondence.
A study of electrophilic substitution in the pyrrolo[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidine ring (1969)

Abstract Several 4,5‐disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines were prepared for the first time via electrophilic substitution, e.g. halogenation, nitration and sulfonation. PMR data for certain pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines are included which has furnished conclusive evidence that electrophilic substitution occurred at position 5. These pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines, with electron ‐withdrawing substituents at position 5, are of considerable interest as bases for the preparation of nucleoside derivatives related to tubercidin, toyocamcin and sangivamycin.
Application of parallel processors to real-time sensor array processing (2003)

Historically, most radar sensor array processing has been implemented using dedicated and specialized processing systems. This approach was necessary because the algorithm computation requirements were several orders of magnitude higher than any commercial supercomputer could provide in an acceptable size, weight and power. Most recently, with the interest by the military to employ commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technology, and the rapid advances in computation throughput by COTS supercomputers, we are able to meet the present algorithm requirements with COTS massively parallel processors (MPPs). However, there are still many issues to be overcome to get the most out of a parallel processor for our application. Some of the important issues are the balance between high computation throughput and total exchange communication over the processor network, message passing or shared memory access with high communication throughput for small message sizes, and the scalability of these machines to more demanding algorithm and application requirements. In this paper we present the application requirements, review the important computational kernels, and conclude with our experiences in evaluating representative MPPs.
Personalizing LinkedIn Feed (2015)

LinkedIn dynamically delivers update activities from a user's interpersonal network to more than 300 million members in the personalized feed that ranks activities according their "relevance" to the user. This paper discloses the implementation details behind this personalized feed system at LinkedIn which can not be found from related work, and addresses the scalability and data sparsity challenges for deploying the system online. More specifically, we focus on the personalization models by generating three kinds of affinity scores: Viewer-ActivityType Affinity, Viewer-Actor Affinity, and Viewer-Actor-ActivityType Affinity. Extensive experiments based on online bucket tests (A/B experiments) and offline evaluation illustrate the effect of our personalization models in LinkedIn feed.
Animal cell bioreactors — recent advances and challenges to scale‐up (1991)

Abstract The demand for animal cell derived products has stimulated the development of bioreactors in the last decade. Most of those developments allow a higher cell concentration to be achieved in the bioreactor than in the past, primarily by means of the continuous flow of culture medium and a mechanism of cell retention. The advantages and technological challenges of some of these developments are discussed. Lagging behind the bioreactor developments is the strategy for culture operation and optimization. The need for suitable kinetic models to describe animal cell growth is emphasized.
Effects of tensile and compressive strain on the luminescence properties of AlInGaN/InGaN quantum well structures (2000)

We report on the luminescence properties of AlInGaN/In0.08Ga0.92N quantum wells (QWs) subjected to a variable amount of lattice mismatch induced strain, including wells with zero strain, compressive strain, and tensile strain. The primary peak emission energy of a 3 nm In0.08Ga0.92N QW was redshifted by 236 meV as the stress in the well was changed from −0.86% (compressive) to 0.25% (tensile). It was also found that the photoluminescence intensity of quantum wells decreased with increasing strain. A lattice matched 9 nm QW exhibited a luminescence intensity that is three times greater than its highly strained counterpart. The potential applications of this strain engineering will be discussed.