gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Orthosiphon aristatus</i> and Its Bioactive Compounds (2010)

Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., which can be used as a food ingredient, is grown throughout Southeast Asia and Australia. O. aristatus is frequently used for the treatment of renal inflammation, kidney stones and dysuria. The focus of the current work was to study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, ethanol and water extracts from O. aristatus (abbreviated as MEOA, EEOA and WEOA, respectively). The evaluation of antioxidant activity was determined by total phenolics, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays. These assays demonstrated a relatively high antioxidant activity for MEOA and EEOA. These results revealed that EEOA had the most prominent inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in RAW 264.7 cells. A high performance liquid chromatography profile indicated that MEOA and EEOA contained both ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. Moreover, ursolic acid significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Both EEOA and ursolic acid inhibited LPS-stimulated protein and mRNA expression of both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in these cells. These results demonstrate that EEOA and its bioactive compound, ursolic acid, suppress LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) production by inhibiting ROS generation, along with reducing expression of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells.
Topotecan Combination Chemotherapy in Two New Rodent Models of Retinoblastoma (2005)

Chemotherapy combined with laser therapy and cryotherapy has improved the ocular salvage rate for children with bilateral retinoblastoma. However, children with late-stage disease often experience recurrence shortly after treatment. To improve the vision salvage rate in advanced bilateral retinoblastoma, we have developed and characterized two new rodent models of retinoblastoma for screening chemotherapeutic drug combinations. The first model is an orthotopic xenograft model in which green fluorescent protein- or luciferase-labeled human retinoblastoma cells are injected into the eyes of newborn rats. The second model uses a replication-incompetent retrovirus (LIA-E(E1A)) encoding the E1A oncogene. Clonal, focal tumors arise from mouse retinal progenitor cells when LIA-E(E1A) is injected into the eyes of newborn p53-/- mice. Using these two models combined with pharmacokinetic studies and cell culture experiments, we have tested the efficacy of topotecan combined with carboplatin and of topotecan combined with vincristine for the treatment of retinoblastoma. The combination of topotecan and carboplatin most effectively halted retinoblastoma progression in our rodent models and was superior to the current triple drug therapy using vincristine, carboplatin, and etoposide. Vincristine had the lowest LC50 in culture but did not reduce tumor growth in our preclinical retinoblastoma models. Taken together, these data suggest that topotecan may be a suitable replacement for etoposide in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of retinoblastoma.
Personal Information Extraction of the Teaching Staff Based on CRFs (2015)

As the attribute information of the profile stored in a web page is usually in the form of natural language, it is very difficult to use the HTML structure to extract the target information. In this paper Conditional Random Fields is adopted to extract the personal attribute information of the personal detail in web pages. Via segmentation system the HTML document could be divided into the sequence of words, and then to establish the appropriate template of characteristics and train the sample sequences, at last using the characteristics function model generated by CRFs to mark the test sequences and identify the information which need to be extracted. The experimental results show that annotation and reasoning function of the CRFs in the text sequence can be used to extract the specific attributes information in the personal home page very well.
An orthorhombic Mo<sub>3</sub>VO<sub>x</sub>catalyst most active for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane among related complex metal oxides (2012)

Four distinct structural types (orthorhombic, trigonal, tetragonal and amorphous) of Mo3VOx catalyst were each synthesized by a hydrothermal method as a single phase, characterized structurally and tested for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. A common structural feature of the catalysts is that the materials are a layer-type structure and constructed with pentagonal {Mo6O21} units. The arrangement of the pentagonal units can form heptagonal channels to create different structural features. The orthorhombic Mo3VOx catalyst has microporosity due to the open heptagonal channels adsorbing nitrogen molecules and showed the highest activity for the reaction among four distinct catalysts. Furthermore, this phase appeared to be most active, currently, compared to other complex metal oxide catalysts reported. An observed positive relation between the microporosity and the oxidation activity suggests that the catalytic oxidation takes place at the heptagonal channels.
ISDN architecture (1986)

Modern communications-based applications require a degree of flexibility, user control, responsiveness, and integrative capability beyond that provided in traditional networks. Solutions founded on digital connectivity implemented in a distributed processing environment have begun to meet these needs. These solutions have been constrained, however, by limits to the extent in which systems could communicate with each other across network boundaries. The Integrated Services Digital Network architecture defines key interfaces that support and extend this distributed processing capability and do this in an environment of internationally defined interface standards. These interfaces are channelized into two broad categories: information-bearing channels and signaling channels. Protocols for the latter have been defined using the layered architecture of the open systems interconnect reference model. Two specific ISDN access arrangements have been specified and are planned for systems within an overall ISDN architecture. Applications for such an architecture and future directions are discussed.
Screening of Photoactive Dyes on TiO<sub>2</sub> Surfaces Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (2012)

Screening the photoelectrochemical activity of dyes on TiO2 surfaces is becoming increasingly relevant as industry tries to expand commercialization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Here we demonstrate how a simplified version of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) together with photoexcitation of dispensed arrays of dye spots can be used as a powerful yet low-cost screening method. A standard SECM configuration uses separate reference and auxiliary electrodes together with an ultramicroelectrode (UME) working electrode (WE) and the substrate as an optional second WE. In this work we evaluate different electrode configurations, measurement modes, and measurement parameters to optimize photocurrent image quality. We propose an innovative two-electrode configuration that is a close representation of a real DSSC in operation. This simplifies the required instrumentation (no bipotentiostat or reference/auxiliary electrodes) compared to the more conventional four-electrode approach, reducing costs and allowing the screening method to be readily used by industry. Using this approach, the simultaneous screening of different dyes is demonstrated, and the relative photocurrent of dye samples in the arrays is shown to be comparable to the relative performance of full devices.
Denture stomatitis: a review (1987)

Denture stomatitis has been reported in 11-67% of complete denture wearers. It is more common on the palatal mucosa and in female patients. In Newton's type I denture stomatitis, where the inflammation remains focal, trauma seems to be responsible. In Newton's types II and III denture stomatitis, where the denture-bearing mucosa is diffusely involved, most workers assert that the aetiology is multi-factorial. Evidence is presented incriminating Candida albicans colonization of the fitting surface of the prosthesis in many cases of denture stomatitis promoted by continuous denture wearing. Allergic and primary irritant reactions to the denture base material, systemic predisposing factors including dietary deficiency and haematological disorders, also play a part. In most cases of denture stomatitis, elimination of denture faults, control of denture plaque and discontinuous denture wearing are sufficient treatment. The routine use of antiseptic or antimycotic drugs seems unnecessary.
An energy efficient transmitted-reference scheme for ultra wideband communications (2004)

Transmitted-reference (TR) receivers represent a low complexity alternative to RAKE receivers, which are widely used in ultra wideband (UWB) communications. Known TR schemes are not very energy efficient, since two pulses represent one bit value only. Therefore, we present a TR pulse interval amplitude modulation (PIAM) scheme which reduces the required energy per bit and a low complexity receiver structure for TR PIAM. We investigate the performance of TR 4PIAM analytically and by means of simulation and show that higher modulation alphabets can be adapted easily. Moreover, we show that there exists an optimal correlation length for transmission over multipath channels.
Studies on the delta-endotoxin of<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>var.<i>tenebrionis</i> (1986)

Parasporal crystals of the recently isolated Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis are toxic for coleopteran larvae. Unlike those of other strains they are soluble either in aqueous solutions of NaBr at neutral pH or in water after titration to pH values above pH 10.0. The dissolved crystal protein readily forms crystals after removal of the salt or neutralization. The crystal protein was not found to differ much in the amino acid composition from other crystal proteins. The parasporal crystals are composed of subunits of Mr 68 000 which are not linked by disulfide bridges.
Nanosized SAPO-34 Synthesized from Colloidal Solutions (2008)

Nanosized SAPO-34 (100–500 nm) was synthesized from colloidal solutions in the presence of tetraethylammonium hydroxide as a template at different hydrothermal (HT) conditions carried out in conventional and microwave ovens. The smallest SAPO-34 particles (∼100 nm) were obtained from the colloidal solutions with a molar composition of 1 Al2O3:2 P2O5:0.6 SiO2:2 TEA2O:75 H2O using microwave energy. The stability and degree of polydispersity of the nanosized crystalline SAPO-34 product were determined by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements in aqueous suspensions. The isoelectric point for the SAPO-34 particles is at pH ∼ 4 due to its acidity, which is dependent on the degree and distribution of silicon in the CHA-type framework. The effect of crystal size on the sorption properties of SAPO-34 crystals was studied by Argon physisorption at 87 K, where a high degree of textural porosity responsible for a large fraction of the total volume adsorbed is measured.
A practical synthesis of codeine from dihydrothebainone (1976)

The conversion of dihydrothebainone to codeine or thebaine has been achieved in high yield. Bromination and dehydrobromination constructs the 4,5-oxide bridge to give 1-bromo- and 1,7-dibromodihydrocodeinone which yield dihydrocodeinone practically quantitatively after catalytic debromination. Ketalization and acid-catalyzed elimination of methanol give excellent yields of delta6-dihydrothebaine to which is added methyl hypobromite using N-bromoacetamide in methanol. The action of potassium tert-butoxide in Me2SO on the resulting 7-bromodihydrocodeinone dimethyl ketal gives codeinone dimethyl ketal selectivity at 60 degrees while at 120 degrees thebaine is the exclusive product. Hydrolysis to codeinone and borohydride reduction give codeine in 70% overall yield. The bromo intermediates in the formation of the 4,5-oxide bridge have been examined. 1,5beta, 7alpha-Tribromodihydrothebainone has been identified as the main product in the tribromination of dihydrothebainone.
Optimized single-braided cable shields (1993)

Approximate formulas for the coupling parameters of cables with single-braided shields are presented. The derivation of the formulas is based on a qualitative analysis of the coupling mechanisms; these qualitative approaches have been verified and adjusted to reality by measuring many different braids. Assuming that the shields are grounded or open ended, the approximation formulas yield the high-frequency-optimizing equation, which permits the design of optimized single-braided shields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Viral Pollution in the Environment and in Shellfish: Human Adenovirus Detection by PCR as an Index of Human Viruses (1998)

ABSTRACT A study of the presence of human viruses (adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and hepatitis A viruses [HAVs]) in environmental and shellfish samples was carried out by applying DNA and cDNA amplification techniques by PCR. The detection of human adenoviruses by PCR was also examined as a potential molecular test to monitor viral pollution. The samples studied were urban and slaughterhouse sewage, river water, seawater, and shellfish. Enteroviruses were quantified by PFU in Buffalo green monkey kidney cells and fecal coliforms and phages of Bacteroides fragilis HSP40 were also evaluated in some of the samples. The amplification of viral DNA and cDNA has shown a high prevalence of human viruses that would not be detected by the use of classical techniques, such as the quantification of PFU in cell lines. The results of the analysis of slaughterhouse sewage samples together with the test of farm animal feces indicate that the adenoviruses and the HAVs detected in the environment are mostly of human origin. A significative correlation between the detection of human viruses by PCR and the values of bacteriophages of B. fragilis HSP40 in urban raw sewage was observed. Human adenoviruses were the viruses most frequently detected throughout the year, and all the samples that were positive for enteroviruses or HAVs were also positive for human adenoviruses. The results suggest that the detection of adenoviruses by PCR could be used as an index of the presence of human viruses in the environment where a molecular index is acceptable.
Tumor-Induced Expansion of Regulatory T Cells by Conversion of CD4+CD25− Lymphocytes Is Thymus and Proliferation Independent (2006)

The CD25- and CD25+ CD4 T-lymphocyte compartments are tightly regulated. We show here that tumors break such balance, increasing the number of CD4+CD25+ T cells in draining lymph node and spleen but not contralateral node of tumor-bearing mice. Tumor injection in thymectomized and CD25-depleted mice shows that CD4+CD25+ T-cell expansion occurs even in the absence of the thymus and independently from proliferation of preexisting CD25+ T cells. These newly generated cells are bona fide regulatory T cells (T reg) in terms of Foxp3 expression and suppression of CD3-stimulated or allogeneic effector cell proliferation. Transfer of congenic Thy1.1 CD4+CD25- T cells, from mice treated or not with vinblastine, into tumor-bearing or tumor-free mice and analysis of recovered donor lymphocytes indicate that conversion is the main mechanism for acquiring the expression of CD25 and Foxp3 through a process that does not require proliferation. Although conversion of CD4+CD25- T cells for generation of T regs has been described as a natural process that maintains peripheral T-reg population, this process is used by the tumor for immune escape. The prompt recovery of T regs from monoclonal antibody-mediated CD25 depletion in tumor-bearing mice suggests attempts able to inactivate rather than deplete them when treating existing tumors.
Carrier‐Bound Biologically Active Substances and Their Applications (1972)

Abstract Stable catalysts can be obtained by fixation of enzymes on suitable supports. The principal methods for their preparation and their properties are described. The use of supported enzymes in routine biochemical analysis as “insoluble reagents” for automatic analyzers and for enzyme electrodes appears particularly interesting. For preparative transformations and syntheses, the supported enzymes offer the advantage that many processes that were formerly operated batch‐wise can be run continuously to give protein‐free products. The use of supported proteinases as specific adsorbents provides a simple method for the isolation of various naturally occurring inhibitors. This principle, which is the basis of affinity chromatography, has now also been adapted to the purification of enzymes and other biologically active substances on suitable supported effectors.
Production and Release of Neuroprotective Tumor Necrosis Factor by P2X<sub>7</sub>Receptor-Activated Microglia (2004)

After a brain insult, ATP is released from injured cells and activates microglia. The microglia that are activated in this way then release a range of bioactive substances, one of which is tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The release of TNF appears to be dependent on the P2X7 receptor. The inhibitors 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-amino-phenylthio]butadiene (U0126), anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one (SP600125), and 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)IH-imidazole (SB203580), which target MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), and p38, respectively, all potently suppress the production of TNF in ATP-stimulated microglia, whereas the production of TNF mRNA is strongly inhibited by U0126 and SP600125. SB203580 did not affect the increased levels of TNF mRNA but did prevent TNF mRNA from accumulating in the cytoplasm. The ATP-provoked activation of JNK and p38 [but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)] could be inhibited by brilliant blue G, a P2X7 receptor blocker, and by genistein and 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, which are general and src-family-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, respectively. Most important, we found that treatment of the microglia in neuron-microglia cocultures with the P2X7 agonist 2'-3'-O-(benzoyl-benzoyl) ATP led to significant reductions in glutamate-induced neuronal cell death, and that either TNF-alpha converting enzyme inhibitor or anti-TNF readily suppressed the protective effect implied by this result. Together, these findings indicate that both ERK and JNK are involved in the regulation of TNF mRNA expression, that p38 is involved in the nucleocytoplasmic transport of TNF mRNA, and that a PTK (protein tyrosine kinase), possibly a member of the src family, acts downstream of the P2X7 receptor to activate JNK and p38. Finally, our data suggest that P2X7 receptor-activated microglia protect neurons against glutamate toxicity primarily because they are able to release TNF.
Combination of local and global vision modelling for Arabic handwritten words recognition (2003)

We propose an Arabic handwritten word recognition system based on the idea of the PERCEPTRO system developed by Cote (Cote et al. (1998)) for Latin word recognition. It is a specific neural network, named transparent neural network, combining a global and a local vision modeling (GVM-LVM) of the word. In the forward propagation movement, the former (GVM) proposes a list of structural features characterizing the presence of some letters in the word. GVM proposes a list of possible letters and words containing these characteristics. Then, in the backpropagation movement, these letters are confirmed or not according to their proximity with corresponding printed letters. The correspondence between the letter shapes and the corresponding printed letters is performed by LVM using the correspondence of their Fourier descriptors, playing the role of a letter shape normalizer.
Dsc+Mock (2010)

Coding against interfaces is a powerful technique in object-oriented programming. It decouples code and enables independent development. However, code decoupled via interfaces poses additional challenges for testing and dynamic execution, as not all pieces of code that are necessary to execute a piece of code may be available. For example, a client class may be coded against several interfaces. For testing, however, no classes may be available that implement the interfaces. This means that, to support testing, we need to generate mock classes along with test cases. Current test case generators do not fully support this kind of independent development and testing.
[FeFe] hydrogenase active site modeling: a key intermediate bearing a thiolate proton and Fe hydride (2013)

The first di-protonated [FeFe] hydrogenase model relevant to key intermediates in catalytic hydrogen production is reported. The complex bearing the S-proton and Fe-hydride is structurally and spectroscopically characterized as well as studied by DFT calculations. The results show that the thiolate sulfur can accept protons during the catalytic routes.
Hypothermia: IV. Study of Hypothermia Induction Time with Various Pharmacological Agents (1959)

Thirty-one dogs were cooled down to 80°F and the ability of various pharmacologic agents to facilitate hypothermia induction was observed. 1) Chlorpromazine and the “lytic cocktail” accelerate hypothermia induction time. 2) Chlorpromazine is apparently the only effective agent in the “lytic cocktail.” 3) Chlorpromazine accelerates hypothermia induction by a central action. 4) Pentobarbital anesthesia is essential for production of the chlorpromazine effect.
Digitally tunable ring laser using a ladder filter (2005)

A monolithically integrated digitally tunable ring laser has been developed that employs a ladder filter and a ring resonator. A chirped ladder filter, which has one dominant passband, improves the device performance.
A preliminary report on the wood preservative properties of phenylboronic acid. (1994)

The activity of phenylboronic acid (C 6 H 5 B(OH) 2 ) (PBA) against two wood decay fungi, Trametes versicolor (Linnaeus et Fries) Pilat (ATCC 12679 isolate) and Postia placenta (Fries) M. Larsen et Lombard (ATCC 11538 isolate), was evaluated using a wood wafer/agar plate procedure. PBA will protect wood from decay by both these fungi with activity thresholds of between 0.09 and 0.17 pcf for T. versicolor and approximately 0.04 pcf for P. placenta. The antifungal activity is enhanced by the addition of copper. PBA is stable to hydrolysis during steam autoclaving and room temperature storage of a 1 percent water solution
Synthesis and Characterization of Bis(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)-(4,4‘-dialkyl-2,2‘-bithiazole) Co-oligomers for Electronic Applications (2002)

The synthesis and characterization of several co-oligomers, 5,5‘-bis(4,4‘-dialkyl-2,2‘-bithiazol-5-yl)-(3,4,3‘,4‘-bis(ethylenedioxy)-2,2‘-dithienyl) (AT2A), 5,5‘-bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythien-2-yl)-4,4‘-dibutyl-2,2‘-bithiazole (TBT), and 5,5‘-bis(3,4,3‘,4‘-bis(ethylenedioxy)-2,2‘-dithien-5-yl)-4,4‘-dibutyl-2,2‘-bithiazole (T2BT2) are described. The solid-state structure of AT2A features π-stacking with a short intermolecular distance of 3.5 Å. In thin films, the π-stacks are parallel to the film substrate as determined by X-ray diffraction. The UV−vis spectra of AT2A films show features that are ascribed to the effects of π-stacking. In addition, all these co-oligomers, composed of donor−acceptor moieties, show lowered optical band gaps, mainly because of the low oxidation potential imparted by incorporation of the 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) moiety. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that these co-oligomers can be either p-doped or n-doped, and the spectroelectrochemical measurements show that the AT2A films are stable upon cycling the oxidation state. All these features make these materials promising for use in electronic devices, e.g., organic thin film transistors.