gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lie tracking (2010)

The success of visual telecommunication systems depends on their ability to transmit and display users' natural nonverbal behavior. While video-mediated communication (VMC) is the most widely used form of interpersonal remote interaction, avatar-mediated communication (AMC) in shared virtual environments is increasingly common. This paper presents two experiments investigating eye tracking in AMC. The first experiment compares the degree of social presence experienced in AMC and VMC during truthful and deceptive discourse. Eye tracking data (gaze, blinking, and pupil size) demonstrates that oculesic behavior is similar in both mediation types, and uncovers systematic differences between truth telling and lying. Subjective measures show users' psychological arousal to be greater in VMC than AMC. The second experiment demonstrates that observers of AMC can more accurately detect truth and deception when viewing avatars with added oculesic behavior driven by eye tracking. We discuss implications for the design of future visual telecommunication media interfaces.
Influence of compatibilizers on mechanical properties, crystallization, and morphology of polypropylene/scrap rubber dust blends (2002)

Abstract Polypropylene blends containing a dispersed phase of scrap rubber dusts obtained from sport shoes manufacture; midsole (M, vulcanized EVA foam) and outsole (O, vulcanized rubber blend of NR, SBR, and BR) were studied. The influence of various compatibilizers on the mechanical properties of these blends were investigated. Significant development of impact strength was attained by using 6 and 10 phr of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) and maleic anhydride‐grafted styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS‐ g ‐MA) as compatibilizers for both compounds filled with midsole and outsole dusts. The tensile strength of each compound was slightly decreased when the compatibilizer loading increased, whereas the elongation at break was significantly increased. The enhancements of the impact strength and the elongation at break are believed to arise from reduction of interfacial tension between two phases of the rubber and the PP, which results in some reduction of the particle size of the fillers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the evidence of the reduction of scrap rubber dust into small rubber particle sizes in the compound, and also showed the occurrence of some fibrils. Optical microscopy (crossed polars) observations suggested that the addition of the rubber dust resulted in a less regular spherulite texture and less sharp spherulite boundaries. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 148–159, 2002
Data structures (1996)

article Free Access Share on Data structures Author: Roberto Tamassia Department of Computer Science, Brown University Department of Computer Science, Brown UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 28Issue 1March 1996 pp 23–26https://doi.org/10.1145/234313.234323Published:01 March 1996Publication History 0citation2,265DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads2,265Last 12 Months31Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Molecular insights into Parkinson's disease (2011)

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons leading to motor abnormalities and autonomic dysfunctions. Despite intensive research, the etiology of Parkinson's disease remains poorly understood leaving us with no effective therapeutic options. However, the recent identification of genes linked to heritable forms of Parkinson's disease has revolutionized research in the field and has begun to provide new clues to disease pathogenesis. Here we discuss these recent genetic advances and highlight their significance in our quest to better understand common underlying disease mechanisms that will help us identify innovative neuroprotective therapies for Parkinson's disease.
3D spectral imaging system for anterior chamber metrology (2015)

Accurate metrology of the anterior chamber of the eye is useful for a number of diagnostic and clinical applications. In particular, accurate corneal topography and corneal thickness data is desirable for fitting contact lenses, screening for diseases and monitoring corneal changes. Anterior OCT systems can be used to measure anterior chamber surfaces, however accurate curvature measurements for single point scanning systems are known to be very sensitive to patient movement. To overcome this problem we have developed a parallel 3D spectral metrology system that captures simultaneous A-scans on a 2D lateral grid. This approach enables estimates of the elevation and curvature of anterior and posterior corneal surfaces that are robust to sample movement. Furthermore, multiple simultaneous surface measurements greatly improve the ability to register consecutive frames and enable aggregate measurements over a finer lateral grid. A key element of our approach has been to exploit standard low cost optical components including lenslet arrays and a 2D sensor to provide a path towards low cost implementation. We demonstrate first prototypes based on 6 Mpixel sensor using a 250 μm pitch lenslet array with 300 sample beams to achieve an RMS elevation accuracy of 1μm with 95 dB sensitivity and a 7.0 mm range. Initial tests on Porcine eyes, model eyes and calibration spheres demonstrate the validity of the concept. With the next iteration of designs we expect to be able to achieve over 1000 simultaneous A-scans in excess of 75 frames per second.
Scribing of GaN wafer for white LED by water-jet-guided laser (2004)

In 1993, a laser light guiding water jet was successfully developed at the Institute of Applied Optics (EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland) and patented as Laser Microjet. The laser beam is focused into a nozzle from which a thin low-pressure water jet is emitted. The laser beam is injected in the water jet and guided in it by total internal reflection at the water/air interface similarly to a standard optical fiber. Normally a pulsed laser is used, so the continuous water jet is able to immediately cool the cut, reducing efficiently the heat-affected zone. The result is a very narrow, parallel, burr-free, clean cut, without detectable thermal damage. LED manufacturing is one example where thin layers need to be removed from well-defined regions on a wafer without damaging the neighboring structures. Compared with diamond saw cutting for which chipping and delaminating of the wafer cannot be avoided due to the strong shear forces; or compared with conventional laser cutting where low power irradiation of nearby functional structures occurs, the laser Microjet offers better edge quality and high precision. Compared to the main competitor, etching techniques combined with subsequent sawing of the substrate, the water jet guided laser is faster at similar edge quality.
Functional and molecular identification of a novel chloride conductance in canine colonic smooth muscle (1998)

Swelling-activated or volume-sensitive Cl- currents are found in numerous cell types and play a variety of roles in their function; however, molecular characterization of the channels is generally lacking. Recently, the molecular entity responsible for swelling-activated Cl- current in cardiac myocytes has been identified as ClC-3. The goal of our study was to determine whether such a channel exists in smooth muscle cells of the canine colon using both molecular biological and electrophysiological techniques and, if present, to characterize its functional and molecular properties. We hypothesized that ClC-3 is present in colonic smooth muscle and is regulated in a manner similar to the molecular entity cloned from heart. Indeed, the ClC-3 gene was expressed in colonic myocytes, as demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction performed on isolated cells. The current activated by decreasing extracellular osmolarity from 300 to 250 mosM was outwardly rectifying and dependent on the Cl- gradient. Current magnitude increased and reversed at more negative potentials when Cl- was replaced by I- or Br-. Tamoxifen ([Z]-1-[p-dimethylaminoethoxy-phenyl]-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene; 10 microM) and DIDS (100 microM) inhibited the current, whereas 25 microM niflumic acid, 10 microM nicardipine, and Ca2+ removal had no effect. Current was inhibited by 1 mM extracellular ATP in a voltage-dependent manner. Cl- current was also regulated by protein kinase C, as phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (300 nM) decreased Cl- current magnitude, while chelerythrine chloride (30 microM) activated it under isotonic conditions. Our findings indicate that a current activated by hypotonic solution is present in colonic myocytes and is likely mediated by ClC-3. Furthermore, we suggest that the ClC-3 may be an important mechanism controlling depolarization and contraction of colonic smooth muscle under conditions that impose physical stress on the cells.
Functionalization of Ruthenium(II)(η<sup>6</sup>‐<i>p</i>‐cymene)(3‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridone) Complexes with (Thio)Morpholine: Synthesis and Bioanalytical Studies (2017)

Hydroxypyr(id)ones constitute an emerging platform for the design of drug molecules, owing to their favorable biocompatibility and toxicity profiles. Herein, [Ru<sup>II</sup> (η<sup>6</sup> -p-cymene)] complexes with 3-hydroxy-2-pyridinone functionalized with morpholine and thiomorpholine, as a means often used in medicinal chemistry to alter the physicochemical properties of drug compounds, are reported. The compounds underwent hydrolysis of the Ru-Cl bond and the aqua species were stable for up to 48 h in aqueous solution, as observed by <sup>1</sup> H NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS. The compounds formed adducts with amino acids and proteins through cleavage of the pyridinone ligand. Binding experiments to the nucleosome core particle by means of X-ray crystallography revealed similar reactivity and exclusive binding to histidine moieties of the histone proteins. Preliminary cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/cyclin A kinase inhibitory studies revealed promising activity similar to that of structurally related organometallic compounds.
Measurement of Peripheral Vision Reaction Time Identifies White Matter Disruption in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2016)

This study examined whether peripheral vision reaction time (PVRT) in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) correlated with white matter abnormalities in centroaxial structures and impairments in neuropsychological testing. Within 24 h after mTBI, crossed reaction times (CRT), uncrossed reaction times (URT), and crossed-uncrossed difference (CUD) were measured in 23 patients using a laptop computer that displayed visual stimuli predominantly to either the left or the right visual field of the retina. The CUD is a surrogate marker of the interhemispheric transfer time (ITT). Within 7 days after the injury, patients received a diffusion tensor-MRI (DTI) scan and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Nine uninjured control subjects received similar testing. Patients 18-50 years of age were included if they had a post-resuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale >13 and an injury mechanism compatible with mTBI. Healthy controls were either age- and gender-matched family members of the TBI patients or healthy volunteers. CUD deficits >2 standard deviations (SD) were seen in 40.9% of patients. The CUD of injured patients correlated with mean diffusivity (MD) (p < 0.001, ρ = -0.811) in the posterior corpus callosum. Patients could be stratified on the basis of CUD on the Stroop 1, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), and the obsessive-compulsive component of the Basic Symptom Inventory tests. These studies suggest that the PVRT indirectly measures white matter integrity in the posterior corpus callosum, a brain region frequently damaged by mTBI.
Bulk surface photografting process and its applications. II. Principal factors affecting surface photografting (1996)

The photografting polymerization reactivity of various monomers which can undergo free radical chain polymerization is examined with benzophenone (BP) as the photoinitiator and LDPE film as the substrate. The results show that acrylate monomers have the highest photopolymerization and photografting reactivities, whereas methacrylate monomers have low reactivity due to the allylic hydrogen atoms in the monomer and no tertiary hydrogens on the polymer formed. Acrylonitrile has a significantly higher photografting efficiency than other acrylic monomers but a low polymrization reactivity. Vinyl acetate and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidione have a certain photografting reactivities. Using LDPE as the cover film and acrylic acid (AA) and BP as the monomer and photoinitiator, respectively, the photografting reactivity of seven polymer substrates was evaluated. The results show that these polymer substrates can be arranged in a sequence of decreasing photografting reactivity in the order nylon > PET > PP > LDPE > HDPE > OPP > PC. This sequence can be interpreted in terms of differences in surface hydrogens and differences in surface polarity. The self-screening effect plays a significant role in the interface reaction system and is the main reason for the negative effect of increased photoinitiator concentration on the photografting process. An increase in the thickness of the liquid layer of the monomer and photoinitiator solution between the two substrates has a negative effect on the photografting process, whereas an increase in polymerization temperature in the range of 25–70°C has a positive effect. Added water favors the photografting polymerization of AA on the surface of polyolefins but acetone has a negative effect due to the different solvation of PAA. Adding multifunctional acrylate monomers increases the photografting efficiency to a large extent, whereas adding PVAc or acetyl-cellulose greatly reduces the photografting efficiency. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Digest of United States Patents relating to radio telegraphy and telephony (1922)

These patent abstracts of recently issued patents are intended to provide the minimum information necessary for readers to determine if they are interested in examining the patent in more detail. Complete copies of patents are available for a small fee by writing: US Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC, USA.
Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) (1992)

This memorandum describes the Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP), which is an adaptation of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) used to synchronize computer clocks in the Internet.SNTP can be used when the ultimate performance of the full NTP implementation described in RFC-1305 is not needed or justified.It involves no change to the current or previous NTP specification versions or known implementations, but rather a clarification of certain design features of NTP which allow operation in a simple, stateless RPC mode with accuracy and reliability expectations similar to the UDP/TIME protocol described in RFC-868.
Family Studies, Haplotypes and Gene Association Studies (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Family studies Genetic association studies Discussion References
Transformers without Tears: Improving the Normalization of Self-Attention (2019)

We evaluate three simple, normalization-centric changes to improve Transformer training. First, we show that pre-norm residual connections (PreNorm) and smaller initializations enable warmup-free, validation-based training with large learning rates. Second, we propose $\ell_2$ normalization with a single scale parameter (ScaleNorm) for faster training and better performance. Finally, we reaffirm the effectiveness of normalizing word embeddings to a fixed length (FixNorm). On five low-resource translation pairs from TED Talks-based corpora, these changes always converge, giving an average +1.1 BLEU over state-of-the-art bilingual baselines and a new 32.8 BLEU on IWSLT'15 English-Vietnamese. We observe sharper performance curves, more consistent gradient norms, and a linear relationship between activation scaling and decoder depth. Surprisingly, in the high-resource setting (WMT'14 English-German), ScaleNorm and FixNorm remain competitive but PreNorm degrades performance.
Treatment and long-term follow-up of cats with suspected primary epilepsy (2012)

We report an evaluation of the treatment and outcome of cats with suspected primary epilepsy. Phenobarbital therapy was used alone or in combination with other anti-epileptic drugs. Outcome after treatment was evaluated mainly on the basis of number of seizures per year and categorised into four groups: seizure-free, good control (1-5 seizures per year), moderate control (6-10 seizures per year) and poor control (more than 10 seizures per year). About 40-50% of cases became seizure-free, 20-30% were considered good-to-moderately controlled and about 30% were poorly controlled depending on the year of treatment considered. The duration of seizure events after treatment decreased in 26/36 cats and was unchanged in eight cats. The subjective severity of seizure also decreased in 25 cats and was unchanged in nine cats. Twenty-six cats had a good quality of life, nine cats an impaired quality of life and one cat a bad quality of life. Despite being free of seizures for years, cessation of treatment may lead to recurrence of seizures in most cats.
A prospective study of nutritional factors and hypertension among US women. (1989)

The relation of various nutritional factors with hypertension was examined prospectively among 58,218 predominantly white US female registered nurses, aged 34-59 years. In 1980, all women completed an independently validated dietary questionnaire. During 4 years of follow-up, 3,275 women reported a diagnosis of hypertension; the validity of the self-report was shown in a subsample. Age, relative weight, and alcohol consumption were the strongest predictors for the development of hypertension. Dietary calcium and magnesium had independent and significant inverse associations with hypertension. For women with a calcium intake of at least 800 mg/day, the relative risk of hypertension was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.88) when compared with an intake of less than 400 mg/day. The relative risk for magnesium intake of 300 mg/day or more compared with an intake of less than 200 mg/day was 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.88). For women with high intakes of both calcium and magnesium compared with those having low intakes of both, the relative risk of hypertension was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.53-0.80). No independent associations with hypertension were observed for intakes of potassium, fiber, and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. These prospective findings add to the growing evidence to support the need for randomized trials to determine whether there is a protective role of dietary calcium and magnesium in the regulation of blood pressure.
Problems Associated With the Specification of Castings for Offshore Application (1983)

1. ABSTRACT Typical problems encountered in the specification and procurement of castings for offshore use are outlined. The significance of procurement policies, in respect of equipment and material specifications and vendor selection and control, in protecting the operator from avoidable costs and delays at the end of the procurement cycle, is discussed. 2. INTRODUCTION The investigations and subsequent studies on which this paper is based have their origin in technical quality problems and associated delays encountered in the procurement of steel castings for pressure containing parts of an Offshore Installation. The initial problem concerned the rejection on the basis of visual appearance of one in a large order of castings, at a late stage in the procurement cycle. Further investigation revealed unauthorised and undeclared weld repairs on this and other castings. Subsequently, during a costly recovery programme, inconsistencies between the designer's specification, the supplier's custom and practice and code requirements were revealed and led to extensive technical discussions to resolve them. Further studies of several codes and standards has revealed severe gaps in their ability to meet the technical and economic needs of both purchasers and suppliers of cast steel products. The principal problem areas concern the acceptance standards of visual and other non-destructive methods of examination prior to further processing which itself may reveal previously undetected but unacceptable flaws. Allied to this are practicalities of the heat treatment of weld repairs in situations where dimensional stability may be critical. The solution to these problems rely on making a realistic compromise between foundry practice, economic processing of castings and the technical requirements of the design. Some adjustments to existing codes and standards are recommended. 3. CAST STEEL AS AN ENGINEERING MATERIAL This section outlines in a much simplified manner for non-specialists, the essential features of castings which affect their use for engineering purposes, as a background to later discussions. The casting of metals is undoubtedly the second oldest profession it the history of mankind as we know it. The process of solidification of molten metal exhibits two principal features which give castings some of their characteristic properties. First, any impurities in the metal tend to be concentrated in the remaining liquid as solidification proceeds. An analogous process is that in which the controlled freezing of water/ alcohol mixtures enables the alcohol to be concentrated in remaining liquid following the removal of pure ice crystal & Second, the reduced volume of solid compared with the original liquid causes shrinkage to occur. This may give rise to cracking or tearing of the metal crystals, or where impurities of a gaseous kind (e.g. Hydrogen or carbon monoxide) are concentrated in the last liquid to solidify, may encourage the formation of porosity.
System for acquisition of weak murmurs related to coronary artery diseases (2011)

The aim of the present study is to describe the design of an acquisition system for the specific purpose of recording heart murmurs originating from stenosis in the coronary arteries. The design and development of such a system require knowledge in many disciplines: acoustic couplers, microphones, skin adhesives, electronic hardware, software and patient safety. Special considerations are needed in order to record these murmurs since they have a 60 dB lower sound level, than that of the closing heart valves. The system was implemented and successfully used for collection of heart sounds in a clinical trial including 463 patients referred for elective coronary angiography.