gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The complex landscape of microRNAs in articular cartilage: biology, pathology, and therapeutic targets (2018)

The disabling degenerative disease osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent among the global population. Articular cartilage degeneration is a central feature of OA; therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms that maintain cartilage homeostasis is vital for developing effective therapeutic interventions. MicroRNAs (miRs) modulate cell signaling pathways and various processes in articular cartilage via posttranscriptional repression of target genes. As dysregulated miRs frequently alter the homeostasis of articular cartilage, modulating select miRs presents a potential therapeutic opportunity for OA. Here, we review key miRs that have been shown to modulate cartilage-protective or -destructive mechanisms and signaling pathways. Additionally, we use an integrative computational biology approach to provide insight into predicted miR gene targets that may contribute to OA pathogenesis, and highlight the complexity of miR signaling in OA by generating both unique and overlapping gene targets of miRs that mediate protective or destructive effects. Early OA detection would enable effective prevention; thus, miRs are being explored as diagnostic biomarkers. We discuss these ongoing efforts and the applicability of miR mimics and antisense inhibitors as potential OA therapeutics.
Media Probings (1975)

Pauline Lower, whose article on TV advertising appears in this issue, is a Toronto freelance writer who is now engaged in a study of the phenomenon of witchcraft as a belief.
Using Decision Tree Aggregation with Random Forest Model to Identify Gut Microbes Associated with Colorectal Cancer (2019)

The imbalance of human gut microbiota has been associated with colorectal cancer. In recent years, metagenomics research has provided a large amount of scientific data enabling us to study the dedicated roles of gut microbes in the onset and progression of cancer. We removed unrelated and redundant features during feature selection by mutual information. We then trained a random forest classifier on a large metagenomics dataset of colorectal cancer patients and healthy people assembled from published reports and extracted and analysed the information from the learned decision trees. We identified key microbial species associated with colorectal cancers. These microbes included <i>Porphyromonas</i><i>asaccharolytica</i>, <i>Peptostreptococcus</i><i>stomatis</i>, <i>Fusobacterium,</i><i>Parvimonas</i> sp., <i>Streptococcus</i><i>vestibularis</i> and <i>Flavonifractor</i><i>plautii</i><i>.</i> We obtained the optimal splitting abundance thresholds for these species to distinguish between healthy and colorectal cancer samples. This extracted consensus decision tree may be applied to the diagnosis of colorectal cancers.
TinyTate: Computing the Tate Pairing in Resource-Constrained Sensor Nodes (2007)

After a few years of intense research, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) still demand new secure and cryptographic schemes. On the other hand, the advent of cryptography from pairings has enabled a wide range of novel cryptosystems. In this work we present TinyTate, the first known implementation of pairings for sensor nodes based on the 8-bit/7.3828-MHz ATmega128L microcontroller (e.g., MICA2 and MICAz motes). We then conclude that cryptography from pairings is indeed viable in resource-constrained nodes.
ANIMAL DAMAGE CONTROL: ARE WE PREPARED FOR THE NEXT CENTURY? (1991)

I am pleased to be here with you today to discuss Animal Damage Control (ADC). I am also very pleased to see the number of ADC people attending this conference. It is an important indication of our professionalism. During the past several months, I have spoken to many of our people in ADC to challenge them to think about the future of our program. I have also spoken to many of our cooperators such as livestock organizations and resource management agencies about the same thing. This has been done in an effort to broaden our thinking about animal damage control as a service or profession, and as a program delivering that professional service. We are controlled by our paradigm which might be described as the lens of our mind's eye. It might also be called the sum total of our experiences that govern how we see things or interpret what our eyes see. Over the'years, a paradigm has been created about ADC which to the "non-user" or observer of our program has been extremely negative. This in turn has resulted in another paradigm by the service beneficiaries and professionals within the program which has become competitive with the other. Over the years, this has produced highly independent thinking and action by each group operating within the constraints of their own paradigm. In ADC, this independence has produced a mind set so strong that it has become life-threatening to our program and the profession. We have to realistically confess that in maintaining this independence we have been narrow-minded, even close-minded to new ideas. Our thinking had become so homogenous that new ideas or thoughts which did not meet our "tradition test" or were outside our paradigm were viewed with suspicion, and those who harbored such thoughts were ostracized by their peers. Our thinking was so inbred and our defense mechanism so strong that opportunities for change could not even be seen, much less acted upon. We became so independent and caught up in our paradigm that anyone who criticized the program or its actions was viewed with the same suspicion; we made no distinction between constructive professional or scientific critique and the views of animal welfarists or animal rightists. We were so programmed to act within the ADC paradigm that it began to act as a rope around our necks; the more we struggled, the tighter it got to the point we almost hanged ourselves.
FreeTTS: a performance case study (2002)

The Java ™ platform has a stigma of being a poor performer and has often been shunned as an environment for developing speech engines. We decided to better understand this stigma by writing a speech synthesis engine entirely in the Java programming language. Remarkably, we were able to get better performance from our engine than one using similar algorithms written in C. Our team, composed of three engineers with significant backgrounds in the C and Java programming languages, also found it easier to make algorithm modifications using the Java programming language than using C.
A classification of interdomain actions (1998)

This paper contributes to the recent discussion on unmet information security challenges for operating system designers. It focusses on the problem that in order to meet these challenges operating systems must be capable of supporting a multitude of information domains, each domain defined by its own and individual security policy. In such multi-domain systems, the interoperability between different information domains constitutes a major problem. While the security policies of the system control the interactions within their domains, it is an unsolved problem how interactions between different domains can be made secure.In order to provide a precise foundation for the discussion of secure interdomain actions as well as for the development of concepts for their implementation, the paper proposes a classification of interdomain actions that clearly identifies two major types of interdomain actions: interactions that cause conflicts between the involved security policies and interactions for which none of the involved policies can provide any security rule. The paper concludes that in order to support multiple information domains, operating systems must be capable of classifying interdomain actions, and they must support new types of interdomain security policies that mediate security conflicts in interdomain actions and complete the set of security rules for interdomain actions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the computational complexity of interdomain action classification.
A prediction model of emergency material demand based on case-based reasoning (2016)

In order to solve the problem how to determine the quantitative relationship of characteristic factors caused by uncertainties, this paper describes the target case by characteristic factors in case-based reasoning, determines the initial weight according to the characteristic factor matrix, introduces Hebb learning rule to make a weight adjustment and applies the improved Euclidean distance to calculate the similarity between the cases to look for the most similar case. The similarity comparison between CBR based on Grey Correlation and the proposed method proves this model a better performance. At last, the application example of the prediction model after an earthquake can prove the feasibility.
Elderly people and mobile telephone use : effects on driver behaviour? (1991)

The effects of a mobile telephone conversation on driving were studied in the advanced driving simulator at VTI. Twenty subjects, 10 men and 10 women, ages 60 to 71, and 10 men and 10 women, ages 23 to 58 participated in this study. The road driven by the subjects was straight and not expected to cause any problems with speed choice and steering. The workload imposed on the subjects was thought to be very low. The telephone task included handling of the phone and a conversation. The handling task consisted of pushing the hands-free button to activate the telephone when calling. During the conversation, subjects were asked to listen to pre-recorded sentences and for each sentence to judge if it was sensible or nonsense. After a numer of sentences they had to recall the last word in each sentence.
A Head-Controlled User Interface ∗ (2005)

In this paper, we present an implementation of a head-controlled real-time human-computer interface that does not require using hands. This kind of interface may be valuable for disabled people or in cases where hands are busy with other tasks. Usual video-camera is employed for tracking head movements. Position of the eyes is determined with the use of image analysis. Head movements are mapped to cursor displacements. Nodding and head-shaking model left and right mouse clicks. Experiments show that the system behaves satisfactory even for usual web-camera frame rates (15fps), and small images (320×240). It consumes small percentage of CPU resources allowing other processes to run smoothly.
A Novel Dual-Band and Dual-Polarized Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antenna Element (2018)

In this paper, a dual-band and dual-polarized element is proposed to design reconfigurable reflectarray antenna (RRA) to realize the frequency reconfigurable and beam-scanning characteristics, which is aimed at working in two polarization modes at different frequency. The element consists of two split-rings and two variodes. The dual-band and dual-polarized reflectarray element can achieve frequency agility characteristic between 4.2GHz and 6.5GHz at different polarization mode. Furthermore, the phase shift range of the element is more than 300° when the unit works at both 4.2GHz and 6.5GHz by changing the capacitance value of the variodes. Therefore, the cell is a good choice to the design of the reconfigurable plannar reflectarray antenna with the fast electric adjustable beam-scanning characteristic.
Interaction with Cellular CD4 Exposes HIV-1 Envelope Epitopes Targeted by Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (2013)

HIV-1 envelope epitopes targeted by many antibodies effective at mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) are poorly exposed on the unliganded envelope trimer. Here we investigated the mechanism of exposure of these epitopes and found that envelope interaction with the HIV-1 CD4 receptor is required to expose some of these epitopes. Moreover, our results suggest that HIV-1 CD4 downregulation might help avoid the killing of HIV-1-infected cells by this immune mechanism.
CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF MSRE OPERATIONS. (1971)

analytical chemistry + *burnup + *chemical properties + *chemistry + *corrosion products + *fluorides + *fuels + *fused salts + *MSRE + *power measurement + *primary salt + *reactors + *sampling + *secondary salts + *single-fluid reactors + *surveillance + *uranium fluorides + *uranium-233 + *uranium-235 + beryllium fluoride + coolants + cover gas + fuel preparation + graphite + Hastelloy N + inventories + lithium fluoride + MSRP + nickel alloys + oxides + oxidation + oxygen + phase equilibria + plutonium fluorides + primary system + reactor vessel
Rapid and fully automated visualization of subdural electrodes in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients. (2005)

For rapid visualization of subdural electrodes with respect to cortical and subcortical structures, we describe a novel and fully automated method based on coregistration, normalization, optional cerebellum masking, and volume rendering of 3D MR imaging data taken before and after implantation. The key step employs the skull-stripped preimplantation image as a mask to also remove the skull in the postimplantation image. The extracted brain is presented in 3D with the electrodes directly visible by their susceptibility artifacts. Compared with alternative methods, ours is based on freely available software and does not require manual intervention.
The Interaction between Factor H and Von Willebrand Factor (2013)

Complement factor H (fH) is a plasma protein that regulates activation of the alternative pathway, and mutations in fH are associated with a rare form of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), known as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). A more common TMA is thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, which is caused by the lack of normal ADAMTS-13-mediated cleavage of von Willebrand factor (VWF). We investigated whether fH interacts with VWF and affects cleavage of VWF. We found that factor H binds to VWF in plasma, to plasma-purified VWF, and to recombinant A1 and A2 domains of VWF as detected by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and surface plasmon resonance assays. Factor H enhanced ADAMTS-13-mediated cleavage of recombinant VWF-A2 as determined by quantifying the cleavage products using Western-blotting, enhanced cleavage of a commercially available fragment of VWF-A2 (FRETS-VWF73) as determined by fluorometric assay, and enhanced cleavage of ultralarge (UL) VWF under flow conditions as determined by cleavage of VWF-platelet strings attached to histamine stimulated endothelial cells. Using recombinant full-length and truncated fH molecules, we found that the presence of the C-terminal half of fH molecule is important for binding to VWF-A2 and for enhancing cleavage of the A2 domain by ADAMTS-13. We conclude that factor H binds to VWF and may modulate cleavage of VWF by ADAMTS-13.
Carbon nanotubes as a proteintoxin transporter for selective HER2-positive breast cancer cell destruction (2009)

The recombined ricin A chain protein (RTA) was transported into living cells by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as a cellular carrier, as performed by natural ricin B chain protein (RTB). The conjugate of the toxin protein RTA and MWNT was found to translocate to the cytoplasm of various cell lines and performed biological functions, as evidenced by the induction of cell death. The delivery of RTA into the cells via nanotube carriers was directly visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy. About three times higher cell death rates for L-929, HL7702, MCF-7, HeLa and COS-7 cells were demonstrated induced by MWNT-RTA conjugates, compared to those achieved by RTA alone. Especially for HeLa cells, the cell mortality reached approximately 75%. In addition, obvious selective destruction of cancer cells was achieved by coupling MWNTs-RTA-HER2, which selectively recognize the HER2/neu receptor on certain breast cancer cells. This is the first example of recombined protein toxin (RTA)-induced targeting destruction for tumor cells via carbon nanotube molecular transporters. The transporting capabilities of carbon nanotubes combined with functional proteins may open exciting new venues for drug delivery and cancer therapy.
The use of indomethacin, sulindac, and tamoxifen for the treatment of desmoid tumors associated with familial polyposis (1987)

Seven familial polyposis patients with desmoid tumors were treated with indomethacin, sulindac, or tamoxifen either as single agents or in combination. Serial computed tomographic (CT) scan examination was employed for objective measurement of tumor size since physical examination alone was an inaccurate means to evaluate intraabdominal and retroperitoneal desmoids. Only one patient with minimal tumor burden demonstrated a favorable response with complete resolution of an abdominal wall desmoid.
TRPC Channels Mediate a Muscarinic Receptor-Induced Afterdepolarization in Cerebral Cortex (2009)

Activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors on pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex induces the appearance of a slow afterdepolarization that can sustain autonomous spiking after a brief excitatory stimulus. Accordingly, this phenomenon has been hypothesized to allow for the transient storage of memory traces in neuronal networks. Here we investigated the molecular basis underlying the muscarinic receptor-induced afterdepolarization using molecular biological and electrophysiological strategies. We find that the ability of muscarinic receptors to induce the inward aftercurrent underlying the slow afterdepolarization is inhibited by expression of a Galpha(q-11) dominant negative and is also markedly reduced in a phospholipase C beta1 (PLCbeta1) knock-out mouse. Furthermore, we show, using a genetically encoded biosensor, that activation of muscarinic receptor induces the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in pyramidal cells. These results indicate that the Galpha(q-11)/PLCbeta1 cascade plays a key role in the ability of muscarinic receptors to signal the inward aftercurrent. We have shown previously that the muscarinic afterdepolarization is mediated by a calcium-activated nonselective cation current, suggesting the possible involvement of TRPC channels. We find that expression of a TRPC dominant negative inhibits, and overexpression of wild-type TRPC5 or TRPC6 enhances, the amplitude of the muscarinic receptor-induced inward aftercurrent. Furthermore, we find that coexpression of TRPC5 and T-type calcium channels is sufficient to reconstitute a muscarinic receptor-activated inward aftercurrent in human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells. These results indicate that TRPC channels mediate the muscarinic receptor-induced slow afterdepolarization seen in pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex and suggest a possible role for TRPC channels in mnemonic processes.
Mobile app identification for encrypted network flows by traffic correlation (2018)

Mobile application (simply “app”) identification at a per-flow granularity is vital for traffic engineering, network management, and security practices. However, uncertainty is caused by a growing fraction of encrypted traffic such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. To address this challenge, we have carefully analyzed mobile app traffic (mainly including Domain Name System, Hypertext Transfer Protocol, and encrypted traffic such as Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security) and observed that (1) the sets of server hostnames queried by different apps are distinguishable; (2) mobile apps may query multiple server hostnames simultaneously, that is, apps may send several Domain Name System lookups within a short time interval; and (3) the encrypted traffic may be similar to various other network flows generated by the same app. Based on these three observations, in this article, we propose a novel app identification methodology for encrypted network flows. To be specific, temporal, lexical, and metadata similarity are investigated to select correlated traffic and information retrieving techniques are adopted to identify apps. We ran a thorough set of experiments to assess the performance of the proposed approaches. The experimental results show that the identification accuracy can be as high as 95%, and the proposed methods have low storage requirements as well as fast training speeds.
Crystal Structure of the Human GGA1 GAT Domain (2003)

GGAs are a family of vesicle-coating regulatory proteins that function in intracellular protein transport. A GGA molecule contains four domains, each mediating interaction with other proteins in carrying out intracellular transport. The GAT domain of GGAs has been identified as the structural entity that binds membrane-bound ARF, a molecular switch regulating vesicle-coat assembly. It also directly interacts with rabaptin5, an essential component of endosome fusion. A 2.8 A resolution crystal structure of the human GGA1 GAT domain is reported here. The GAT domain contains four helices and has an elongated shape with the longest dimension exceeding 80 A. Its longest helix is involved in two structural motifs: an N-terminal helix-loop-helix motif and a C-terminal three-helix bundle. The N-terminal motif harbors the most conservative amino acid sequence in the GGA GAT domains. Within this conserved region, a cluster of residues previously implicated in ARF binding forms a hydrophobic surface patch, which is likely to be the ARF-binding site. In addition, a structure-based mutagenesis-biochemical analysis demonstrates that the C-terminal three-helix bundle of this GAT domain is responsible for the rabaptin5 binding. These structural characteristics are consistent with a model supporting multiple functional roles for the GAT domain.
A novel dual mode capacitor biosensor for real-time, label-free DNA detection (2006)

A novel biosensor working in both MOS capacitor and electric double-layer capacitor mode for real-time, label-free DNA detection is presented. The former mode measures density and polarity of charged biomolecules to be monitored, while the latter mode appears to reveal more of surface-molecule interactions and offers high sensitivity and easiness for diagnosis. A combined mode-utilization yields optimal complementary information of significance
Innovations in Prosthetic Interfaces for the Upper Extremity (2013)

Advancements in modern robotic technology have led to the development of highly sophisticated upper extremity prosthetic limbs. High-fidelity volitional control of these devices is dependent on the critical interface between the patient and the mechanical prosthesis. Recent innovations in prosthetic interfaces have focused on several control strategies. Targeted muscle reinnervation is currently the most immediately applicable prosthetic control strategy and is particularly indicated in proximal upper extremity amputations. Investigation into various brain interfaces has allowed acquisition of neuroelectric signals directly or indirectly from the central nervous system for prosthetic control. Peripheral nerve interfaces permit signal transduction from both motor and sensory nerves with a higher degree of selectivity. This article reviews the current developments in each of these interface systems and discusses the potential of these approaches to facilitate motor control and sensory feedback in upper extremity neuroprosthetic devices.