gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of dopamine and L-DOPA on survival of PC12 cells (2000)

The effects of dopamine and L-DOPA on survival were examined in differentiated PC12 cells. Addition of dopamine to the culture medium at 3-30 microM prevented cell death induced by depletion of serum and nerve growth factor (NGF). At 100 microM, dopamine induced cell death. The cell-protective effect of dopamine was not affected by nomifensine, an inhibitor of dopamine uptake, or pargyline, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, suggesting that dopamine is working outside the cell. The cell-protective effect of dopamine was blunted by SCH-23390, a D(1) antagonist, but not sulpiride, a D(2) antagonist, indicating that the cell protective effect of dopamine is mediated by D(1) receptors in PC12 cells. L-DOPA also protected PC12 cells from cell death induced by depletion of serum and NGF at low concentrations and showed toxicity at high concentration. The effect of L-DOPA was unchanged after inhibition of conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine by m-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD-1015), an inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase, suggesting that L-DOPA itself is working for cell protection. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity were increased by both dopamine and L-DOPA. The effects of dopamine and L-DOPA on cell survival were blunted by nicardipine, a Ca(2+) channel blocker, and PD-98059, an inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase (MEK). These results taken together raised the possibility that dopamine and L-DOPA protect PC12 cells from cell death at low concentrations by activating MAP kinase activity via elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration.
Electrospun Nano-fibers as Bioseparators: Charged Based Separation of Escherichia coli From Liquid Samples (2011)

In order to detect pathogens in complex food matrices, concentration and separation of the bacteria from the sample matrix is necessary. Electrospun nanofibers are ideal for use in filtration because they provide a higher surface area as compared to traditional membranes. Functionalized nanofibers carrying positive and negative charges were spun by the Frey Group at Cornell University and incorporated into PMMA microfluidic devices. The fibers were investigated for their ability to separate E.coli from buffer samples and actual apple juice samples. This separation is based on the knowledge that E.coli and gram negative bacteria have a strong net negative charge at neutral pH and a net positive charge at low pH caused by deprotonation and protonation of carboxyl and ammonium groups on the cell surface. Filtration was evaluated using two methods 1) collecting effluent and enumerating cells using standard plate counts 2) by staining the cells with Syto9 green fluorescent dye and measuring fluorescence intensity in the channel. In the first method, positive fibers were shown to retain 98 ? 1.6% of E.coli that passed through the microfluidic channels whereas negative fibers only retained 35 ? 1.1%. In the second method, E.coli in pH7 buffer was filtered onto positive fibers producing a strong fluorescence. Elution of the cells was possible by introducing a pH4 washing buffer producing an 84% drop in fluorescence intensity. E.coli in pH4 buffer attached better to negative fibers producing average fluorescence intensity 1.6 times higher than the channels with positive fibers. The results were repeated with apple juice spiked with E.coli producing similar results. These results show the potential for electrospun nanofibers to be used on-chip as bioseparators.
Architectural impact of secure socket layer on Internet servers (2012)

Secure socket layer (SSL) is the most popular protocol used in the Internet for facilitating secure communications. In this paper, we analyze the performance and architectural impact of SSL on the servers in terms of various parameters such as throughput, utilization, cache sizes, cache miss ratios, number of processors, control dependencies, file access sizes, bus transactions, network load, etc. The major conclusions from this study are as follows: The use of SSL increases computational cost of the transactions by a factor of 5-7. SSL transactions do not benefit much from a larger L2 cache, but a larger LI cache would be helpful. A complex logic for handling control dependencies is not useful for SSL transaction as the frequency of branches is very low. Because SSL workload is highly CPU bound, it may be possible to enhance SSL performance by using a number of other architectural features as well.
Grand canonical ensemble molecular dynamics simulations: Reformulation of extended system dynamics approaches (1997)

The extended system Hamiltonian for carrying out grand canonical ensemble molecular dynamics simulations is reformulated. This new Hamiltonian includes a generalized treatment of the reference state partition function of the total chemical potential that reproduces the ideal gas behavior and various previous partitionings of ideal and excess terms. Initial calculations are performed on a system of Lennard–Jones particles near the triple point and on liquid water at room temperature.
The Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Approach: A Critical Review (2007)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a critical, academic review of the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (SRL) approach to development, beginning with a presentation of the central SRL tenets and their origins, and proceeding to a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the academic literature, particularly in relation to theoretical consistency. The author argues for the importance of academic engagement with the SRL construct and identifies specific opportunities for integration with social theory, using as an example Norman Long's actor-oriented approach to development research.
Partial likelihood (1975)

Journal Article Partial likelihood Get access D. R. COX D. R. COX Department of Mathematics, Imperial CollegeLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 62, Issue 2, August 1975, Pages 269–276, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/62.2.269 Published: 01 August 1975 Article history Received: 01 January 1975 Revision received: 01 January 1975 Published: 01 August 1975
The origin of multicellularity in cyanobacteria (2011)

The results indicate that a multicellular morphotype evolved early in the cyanobacterial lineage and was regained at least once after a previous loss. Most of the morphological diversity exhibited in cyanobacteria today--including the majority of single-celled species--arose from ancient multicellular lineages. Multicellularity could have conferred a considerable advantage for exploring new niches and hence facilitated the diversification of new lineages.
Multiphoton processes for optical storage in pyroelectrics (1976)

Abstract The problem of hologram degradation during read-out that exists for photorefractive recording via single photon electronic excitations can be eliminated by using multiphoton absorption. Different two-photon excitation schemes are discussed, and the feasibility of this method is demonstrated experimentally in doped and pure LiNbO3 and KTN.
Effect of harvesting, spacing and age of plants on yields of asparagus (1935)

Although Iowa has never ranked high among the states as a producer of asparagus for market or canning, the asparagus acreage planted, particularly by canners, is increasing.\nNo exact information is available concerning the effect of the cutting season’s length upon yields over a period of years. Market gardeners usually stop cutting asparagus in Iowa between June 1 and June 15. The demand for asparagus at this time decreases and the prices drop too low for profitable harvesting. To prevent damage to future yields, June 15 also appears to be the latest safe harvest date, though no substantiating experimental data have been available. Canners, however, could harvest asparagus later than June 15 profitably if such treatment did not injure the yield and quality of the future harvests.
Standard methods for toxicology research in<i>Apis mellifera</i> (2013)

Modern agriculture often involves the use of pesticides to protect crops. These substances are harmful to target organisms (pests and pathogens). Nevertheless, they can also damage non-target animals, such as pollinators and entomophagous arthropods. It is obvious that the undesirable side effects of pesticides on the environment should be reduced to a minimum. Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) are very important organisms from an agricultural perspective and are vulnerable to pesticide-induced impacts. They contribute actively to the pollination of cultivated crops and wild vegetation, making food production possible. Of course, since Apis mellifera occupies the same ecological niche as many other species of pollinators, the loss of honey bees caused by environmental pollutants suggests that other insects may experience a similar outcome. Because pesticides can harm honey bees and other pollinators, it is important to register pesticides that are as selective as possible. In this manuscript, we describe a selection of methods used for studying pesticide toxicity/selectiveness towards Apis mellifera. These methods may be used in risk assessment schemes and in scientific research aimed to explain acute and chronic effects of any target compound on Apis mellifera.
Winter vomiting disease caused by calicivirus. (1979)

The clinical, epidemiological, and virological features of an outbreak of winter vomiting disease among London schoolchildren are described. Evidence is presented to support the view that this epidemic was caused by a human calicivirus, a virus not previously shown to be associated with this disease in man.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATION OF THE HEART ASSOCIATED WITH AGENESIS OF THE SPLEEN (1965)

This report is concerned with a 2-months-old male infant of congenital heart disease with chief clinical signs of progressive cyanosis. Necropsy disclosed a complex of anomalies in the heart embracing pulmonary atresia, interventricular high septal defect, interatrial septal defect, deviation in the origin of the aorta to the left, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. The lungs were found to receive the blood supply through patent ductus arteriosus. The pulmonary veins were found emptying not into the left atrium but into the superior vena cava. The malformations in the heart was associated with abnormalities in the other organs. The spleen was absent and abnormal lobulations were found in the lungs.
Simultaneous Determination of Rosmarinic Acid, Lithospermic Acid B, and Related Phenolics in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> by HPLC (1998)

A gradient reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid B, caffeic acid, and other phenolic compounds. This method showed a satisfactory result. The limits of detection for these phenolic compounds were ≤0.05 mg/L. The developed method was applied to the determination of phenolic compounds in the dried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and the transformed cells of S. miltiorrhiza. In the transformed cells, rosmarinic acid was the predominant phenolic compound. Small amounts of lithospermic acid B and caffeic acid were also detected. In the dried roots, in contrast, lithospermic acid B was the main phenolic compound and only a very small amount of rosmarinic acid was found. In addition, danshensu and some unidentified phenolic compounds were also detected from the dried roots. Keywords: Phenolics; rosmarinic acid; lithospermic acid B; caffeic acid; Salvia miltiorrhiza; HPLC
FDMA system performance with synchronization errors (2002)

The effect of time and frequency synchronization errors on the performance of an FDMA communication system using symmetric differential phase shift keying (SDPSK) is considered. Power and bandwidth efficiency of the system versus channel frequency spacing and adjacent channel power imbalance are investigated for the ordinary SDPSK, guard time demodulated SDPSK, and square root raised-cosine pulse shaped SDPSK signals. It is shown that for an FDMA system affected by synchronization errors and power imbalance, the square root raised-cosine shaped SDPSK signal and the guard time demodulated SDPSK signal can provide significantly higher signaling efficiency than ordinary SDPSK with matched filter detection. We consider an FDMA system of N users where each user communicates with the satellite with an SDPSK modulated signal of the same data rate.
Dielectric Properties of 0.95 ( )-0.05 Composites (2011)

We report studies on dielectric properties of magnetoelectric composites of La-substituted lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) and zinc-doped nickel ferrite (NZF) with compositional formula 0.95 Pb 1-3x/2 La x Zr 0.65 Ti 0.35 O 3 -0.05 Ni 0.8 Zn 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 (, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03). The materials were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction route. The presence of individual phases (PLZT and NZF) was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction technique. Dielectric properties were studied as a function of temperature and frequency. Significant improvement was observed in dielectric properties with addition of La.
Discrimination and identification of the six aromatic positional isomers of trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) (2007)

A reliable and accurate GC-MS method was developed that allows both mass spectrometric and chromatographic discrimination of the six aromatic positional isomers of trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA). Regardless of the trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatization, chromatographic separation of all the investigated isomers was achieved by using DB-5 ms capillary columns (30 m x 0.32 mm i.d.), with run times less than 15 min. However, the mass spectra of the nonderivatized TMAs, except 2,4,6-trimethoxyamphetmine (TMA-6), showed insufficient difference for unambiguous discrimination. On the other hand, the mass spectra of the TFA derivatives of the six isomers exhibited fragments with significant intensity differences, which allowed the unequivocal identification of all the aromatic positional isomers investigated in the present study. This GC-MS technique in combination with TFA derivatization, therefore, is a powerful method to discriminate these isomers, especially useful to distinguish the currently controlled 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetmine (TMA-1) and 2,4,5-trimethoxyamphetmine (TMA-2) from other uncontrolled TMAs.
Complexes of Starchy Materials with Organic Compounds (1970)

X-Ray diffraction analysis of the α-cyclodextrin complexes with a number of organic guest molecules were carried out. Several different kinds of the X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained. It was found that different guest molecules enclosed within the void of the dextrin cause large changes in the diffraction patterns of the complexes. However, most of the diffraction patterns could be reasonably interpreted in terms of the hexagonal unit cells with minor differences in the unit cell dimensions ranging a = b = 27.0 ~ 27.8 Å and c = 14.7 ~ 16.7 Å. The crystal structure of the complexes could be accounted for by a closest packing of channel cylinders that are made by coaxial alignments of the dextrin molecules and the cage structure in the crystal, in which the dextrin molecules align non-coaxially, may not be plausible.
Genome Project Standards in a New Era of Sequencing (2009)

More detailed sequence standards that keep up with revolutionary sequencing technologies will aid the research community in evaluating data.
Neuromorphic Bisable VLSI Synapses with Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (2002)

We present analog neuromorphic circuits for implementing bistable synapses with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) properties. In these types of synapses, the short-term dynamics of the synaptic efficacies are governed by the relative timing of the pre- and post-synaptic spikes, while on long time scales the efficacies tend asymptotically to either a potentiated state or to a depressed one. We fabricated a prototype VLSI chip containing a network of integrate and fire neurons interconnected via bistable STDP synapses. Test results from this chip demonstrate the synapse's STDP learning properties, and its long-term bistable characteristics.
Practical Route to a New Class of LTD<sub>4</sub> Receptor Antagonists (1996)

A general approach to the synthesis of a new class of LTD4 antagonists is presented. The key diarylpropane framework was prepared by Claisen−Schmidt condensation and selective reduction of the enone. Depending on the bridge to the 7-chloroquinaldine moiety, alkylation or Heck coupling methodology was developed. The chiral sulfides were introduced by asymmetric reduction of the diarylpropanone intermediates and subsequent inversion of the chiral center.
A System for the Routine Measurement of Directional Wave Spectra from Large Discus Buoys (1978)

The NOAA Data Buoy Office (NDBO) devised a concept for a directional wave spectra measurement system suitable for routine use on board its large discus buoys. The concept was translated into an experimental system and mounted on a buoy deployed in the Atlantic Ocean. This system was operated briefly and evaluated. The system concept was based on the measurement of body-fixed pitch and roll of a surface-following discus hull, the heading of the buoy, and the buoy heave. The time series records of these parameters were processed on board the buoy to reduce the quantity of data sent to shore. This paper reviews the technical considerations that led to the selection of the measurement technique. The hardware configuration is described, and the problems encountered are identified. The data handling methods are outlined, but an analysis of the data is not included. An analysis of the data is provided in a companion paper. The methods used to evaluate the data are described herein.
Situation Awareness Catches On: What? So What? Now What? (2006)

Human factors/ergonomics professionals regularly study the situation awareness (SA) problems of pilots, air traffic controllers, automobile drivers, power plant workers, ambulance dispatchers, urban search and rescue professionals, and unmanned vehicle operators, to mention a few. The challenge has been to define SA operationally and devise measurement strategies that focus on attention and recall on the one hand and relevant actions on the other. Although there have been many successes, challenges remain. This review is organized in three parts. Under “What?” we discuss definitions of SA, their interpretations in terms of human information processing and ecological psychological theories, as well as techniques for measuring SA. Under “So what?” we introduce SA applications'information requirements, technological tools, and training systems'that support the way people work and live. Finally, under “Now what?” we discuss future directions for SA research.
Low Cost Wet Ethanol for Spark-Ignited Engines: Further Investigations (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study evaluates the performance of an ethanol fueled spark ignited engine running with high levels of hydration. Ethanol is a renewable fuel and has been considered a promising alternative to counteract global warming and to reduce pollutant emissions. Its use is well established in ICE as the main fuel or blended with gasoline. However, due to its lower calorific value, it shows increased fuel consumption when compared to gasoline, rendering its use sometimes less attractive. The energy demand to produce ethanol, especially at the distillation phase, increases exponentially as the concentration of ethanol-in-water goes from 80% onwards. Thus, mixtures with less than 80% of ethanol-in-water would reduce the energy consumption during production, yielding a less expensive fuel. In previous studies, to evaluate the feasibility of wet ethanol as a fuel for spark-ignited engines, results have shown that it was possible to use mixtures of up to 40% of water-in-ethanol. This further experimental results aiming at optimizing combustion phasing for a fixed 50% mass fraction burnt point. The engine used in this research was a 4-stroke single cylinder 0.668L, originally Diesel fueled but converted to ethanol with a PFI system, an electronic controlled throttle body and a spark plug inside the swirl chamber. Tests have shown stable combustion despite the large water content. Emissions results have shown reduced NOx and higher CO for the higher water content ethanol.</div></div>
Design and Synthesis of New Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type-1 (TRPV1) Channel Modulators: Identification, Molecular Modeling Analysis, and Pharmacological Characterization of the<i>N</i>-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)butanamide, a Small Molecule Endowed with Agonist TRPV1 Activity and Protective Effects against Oxidative Stress (2016)

4-(Thiophen-2-yl)butanoic acid was identified as a cyclic substitute of the unsaturated alkyl chain of the natural ligand, capsaicin. Accordingly, a new class of amides was synthesized in good yield and high purity and their molecular recognition against the target was investigated by means of docking experiments followed by molecular dynamics simulations, in order to rationalize their geometrical and thermodynamic profiles. The pharmacological properties of these new compounds were expressed as activation (EC50) and desensitization (IC50) potencies. Several compounds were found to activate TRPV1 channels, and in particular, derivatives 1 and 10 behaved as TRPV1 agonists endowed with good efficacy as compared to capsaicin. The most promising compound 1 was also evaluated for its protective role against oxidative stress on keratinocytes and differentiated human neuroblastoma cell lines expressing the TRPV1 receptor as well as for its cytotoxicity and analgesic activity in vivo.
On the stability of interacting queues in a multiple-access system (1988)

The standard discrete-time slotted ALOHA system with a finite number of buffered terminals is considered. The stability (ergodicity) region for this system is known only for the case of two terminals and for the case of any number of symmetric terminals. The stability of the system is studied by means of a simple concept of dominance. It is shown that the stability region for the case of two terminals can be obtained in a simple way. Lower (inner) bounds are obtained for the stability region of the system with an arbitrary finite number of terminals that are tighter than the ones already known. A similarity between these stability results and the achievable region of the no-feedback collision channel is pointed out that suggests a connection between the two problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>