gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<p>Sialorrhea in Parkinson’s disease: prevalence, impact and management strategies</p> (2019)

Abstract: Saliva plays an important part in oral health maintenance, mastication, deglutition and the start of the digestive process. It supports clear speech. Alterations to the composition and flow of saliva through hyper- or hyposecretion or anterior loss through the lips thus have potentially significant consequences. This article reviews the metrics, possible age and gender differences and diurnal variability of flow in healthy individuals. It then focuses on the ways in which this is altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the possible mechanisms for why people with PD drool. It reviews procedures for clinical assessment and management. Many studies report drooling prevalence >50% of people with PD, though in the early stages the impact may not yet be great. In PD, saliva flow is normal or even decreased compared to people without PD. Motorically sialorrhea arises from an interaction between oro-facial rigidity, lingual bradykinesia and aspects of oro-pharyngeal dysphagia. Postural, cognitive, attentional and pharmacological factors may also contribute. Objective evaluation of sialorrhea looks at the rate and variability of flow (milliliters or milligrams per unit time; swallow intervals; consistency). Since objective measures seldom reflect patient-reported lived experience, assessment includes rating scales that capture subjective concerns. Because altered salivary function impacts on (peri)oral health, assessment and monitoring of this is strongly advocated. Methods in each of these assessment domains are introduced. Clinical guidelines recommend behavioral interventions in the first instance, with pharmacological treatments, including botulinum injection, as follow-up possibilities. Surgical procedures are reserved for severe or intractable cases. High-quality evidence for the efficacy of behavioral interventions is lacking. Drug therapy efficacy is also under-studied, apart from botulinum toxin management. Few studies have examined surgical interventions in PD, though principles are well established from other populations. Strands of enquiry for improving our knowledge of behavioral interventions are suggested. Keywords: drooling, Parkinson’s, management, review
Increased ratio of anti-apoptotic to pro-apoptotic Bcl2 gene-family members in lithium-responders one month after treatment initiation (2012)

These results suggest that differential changes in the balance of pro- and anti- apoptotic gene-expression following treatment with lithium may explain some of the heterogeneity in clinical response in BD patients.
Design and performance of a 3G mobile satellite system (2011)

This paper describes the design and performance of a geo-synchronous mobile satellite system based on enhancements to terrestrial 3GPP specifications. The corresponding 3G satellite air interface developed by Hughes is called GMR-1 3G and has been standardized at ETSI and ITU standards bodies. System architecture is based on Release-7 all-IP architecture with satellite specific enhancements primarily in the access stratum. This allows the use of COTS core network and COTS Non-Access Stratum (NAS) software to be implemented in user terminal. System provides IP data services with data rates up to 590 kbps. Consistent with 3G specifications, the system provides differentiated Quality of Service (QoS) both across users as well as across applications. In this framework, a given user terminal can invoke multiple applications simultaneously, each receiving their appropriate Quality of Service treatment. The system permits both user mobility and terminal mobility across spot-beams within the satellite system as well as between satellite system and terrestrial systems. The terrestrial 3G standard was significantly enhanced to achieve better spectral efficiency and improved throughput for satellite operation that is characterized by long delays, spectral scarcity and limited link margins. Enhancements were primarily in the radio specific layers, namely physical layer, MAC/RLC layer and PDCP layer, to achieve the necessary spectral efficiency and throughput improvement. The system implements IMS based services, including VoIP with circuit-switched spectral efficiency, IP data with delay optimized Bandwidth on Demand (BoD), dynamic link adaptation (DLA), Link Layer ARQ, multiple levels of QoS, TCP Performance Enhancing Proxy, policy based resource management, load balancing and, position based admission control, billing, emergency call handling and legal interception. System supports multiple terminal types such as hand-held, vehicular and portable terminals. System also supports security at the transmission layer and permits L3, L4 and application layer security.
Magneto‐Acoustic Mixing Technology: A Novel Method of Processing Metal‐Matrix Nanocomposites (2014)

Magneto-acoustic mixing technology is evaluated as a method for manufacturing metal-matrix nanocomposites. This technology relies on the interaction of two magnetic fields to produce high-intensity acoustic waves suitable for melt processing of liquid metals, inducing sonic cavitation and dispersing nanoparticles. Considerations for alignment of particles in the system are also considered.
A WordNet-based approach to Named Entities recognition (2002)

This paper presents a Named Entities (NE) recognition system for the English written language, which combines the wealth of the WordNet taxonomy and the effectiveness of traditional rule-based approaches. The core of the system relies on the combination of approximately 200 language-dependent rules with a set of predicates, defined on the WordNet hierarchy, for the identification of both proper nouns and trigger words. The strengths of this approach are twofold. First, the use of a semantic network allows it to cope with the difficulty of building and maintaining extensive gazetteers. Second, considering the recent spread of WordNet-like semantic networks for languages other than English and aligned with the English version, the use of language-independent predicates offers a useful basis for achieving multilinguality.
Use of bentonite and humic acid as modifying agents in alginate‐based controlled‐release formulations of imidacloprid (1999)

In order to prepare a formulation to be used for controlled release, imidacloprid was incorporated into alginate granules by using calcium chloride as gellant. The formulation prepared (alginate–imidacloprid–water) was modified by the addition of different sorbents. The effects on release rate of the addition of natural bentonite desiccated at 105 °C, untreated, acid-treated with sulfuric acid solutions over a concentration range between 0.5 mol dm−3 and 2.5 mol dm−3, and a commercial humic acid, were studied by immersion of the granules in water under static conditions. The time taken for 50% of the active ingredient to be released into water, (T50), was calculated from the data obtained. On the other hand, the sorption–desorption processes of imidacloprid from a 0.01 M aqueous calcium chloride solution at 25 °C, by natural, acid-treated bentonite samples, and humic acid, have been studied by using batch experiments in order to evaluate the potential of these materials for their application in controlled-release formulations of pesticides. The experimental data have been fitted to the Freundlich equation in order to calculate the adsorption capacities (Kf). Kf values ranged from 1.76 mg kg−1 for the untreated bentonite up to 126.9 mg kg−1 for the humic acid. A correlation study was performed with T50, the surface area (S) and the Freundlich parameter (Kf) of the bentonite samples in order to know the factors that affect release rate of imidacloprid from bentonite granules. A linear correlation of the T50 values and both S and Kf parameters was observed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Insufficient Glycemic Control Increases Nuclear Factor-κB Binding Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolated From Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (1998)

Hyperglycemia induces activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B in ex vivo-isolated PBMCs of patients with type 1 diabetes. NF-kappa B activation is at least partially dependent on oxidative stress, since the antioxidant thioctic acid significantly lowered the extent of NF-kappa B binding activity.
Effect of an oral supplementation with a proprietary melon juice concentrate (Extramel®) on stress and fatigue in healthy people: a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (2009)

This pilot study showed that an oral supplementation with a proprietary melon juice concentrate rich in SOD may have a positive effect on several signs and symptoms of perceived stress and fatigue.
Sensing and memorising liquids with polarity-interactive ferroelectric sound (2019)

The direct sensing and storing of the information of liquids with different polarities are of significant interest, in particular, through means related to human senses for emerging biomedical applications. Here, we present an interactive platform capable of sensing and storing the information of liquids. Our platform utilises sound arising from liquid-interactive ferroelectric actuation, which is dependent upon the polarity of the liquid. Liquid-interactive sound is developed when a liquid is placed on a ferroelectric polymer layer across two in-plane electrodes under an alternating current field. As the sound is correlated with non-volatile remnant polarisation of the ferroelectric layer, the information is stored and retrieved after the liquid is removed, resulting in a sensing memory of the liquid. Our pad-type allows for identifying the position of a liquid. Flexible tube-type devices offer a route for in situ analysis of flowing liquids including a human serum liquid in terms of sound.
Penicillins (1966)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a developmental regulatory process that initiates with remarkable diversity in various mammalian species. Here we addressed the contribution of XCI regulators, most of which are lncRNA genes characterized in the mouse, to this mechanistic diversity. By combining analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data from early human embryogenesis with various functional assays in naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells and in differentiated cells, we demonstrate that <i>JPX</i> is a major regulator of <i>XIST</i> expression in human and in mouse. However, the underlying mechanisms differ radically between species and require <i>Jpx</i> RNA in the mouse and the act of transcription of <i>JPX</i> locus in the human. Moreover, biogenesis of <i>XIST</i> is affected at different regulatory steps between these species. This study illustrates how diversification of LRGs modes of action during evolution provide opportunities for innovations within constrained gene regulatory networks. <h3>Graphical abstract</h3>
SIRT1 Protein, by Blocking the Activities of Transcription Factors FoxO1 and FoxO3, Inhibits Muscle Atrophy and Promotes Muscle Growth (2013)

In several cell types, the protein deacetylase SIRT1 regulates the activities of FoxO transcription factors whose activation is critical in muscle atrophy. However, the possible effects of SIRT1 on the activity of FoxOs in skeletal muscle and on the regulation of muscle size have not been investigated. Here, we show that after food deprivation, SIRT1 levels fall dramatically in type II skeletal muscles (tibialis anterior), which show marked atrophy, unlike in the liver (where SIRT1 rises) or heart or the soleus, a type I muscle (where SIRT1 is unchanged). Maintenance of high SIRT1 levels by electroporation in mouse muscle inhibits markedly the muscle wasting induced by fasting as well as by denervation, and these protective effects require its deacetylase activity. SIRT1 overexpression reduces muscle wasting by blocking the activation of FoxO1 and 3. It thus prevents the induction of key atrogenes, including the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, atrogin1 and MuRF1, and multiple autophagy (Atg) genes and the increase in overall proteolysis. In normal muscle, SIRT1 overexpression by electroporation causes rapid fiber hypertrophy without, surprisingly, activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Thus, SIRT1 activation favors postnatal muscle growth, and its fall appears to be critical for atrophy during fasting. Consequently, SIRT1 activation represents an attractive possible pharmacological approach to prevent muscle wasting and cachexia.
Contactless power and information transmission (2002)

In some applications, contacts between two devices are the first cause of dysfunctions. The aim of this paper is to transfer contactless power energy to add new functions to a tool (e.g., drill machine). A bidirectional communication is also needed. This is realized with an ironless high-frequency transformer for both power and information transmission. Different coil geometries have been studied to reduce mutual inductance between power and information coils. This new solution enables to build low-cost and smart energy transfer systems including communication.
Children’s perspectives as ‘touch downs’ in time: assessing and developing children’s understanding simultaneously (2009)

In this article, getting access to children’s perspectives is presented as a prerequisite for assessing as well as developing children’s understanding. Children’s perspectives are analysed through examples taken from three domains of knowledge: music, mathematics and nature. The issues of assessing and developing children’s knowledge are discussed against this empirical background. It is argued that children’s perspectives are pivotal to both these educational objectives.
Effect of anti-human sperm monoclonal antibodies on mouse in vitro fertilization (1994)

We employed anti-human sperm monoclonal antibodies to investigate how sperm membrane antigens are involved in gamete interactions. We have produced seven monoclonal antibodies specific for human sperm antigens, that showed reaction with mouse sperm by ELISA and by immunofluorescence. These antibodies did not react with zona pellucida or any other somatic human tissue. Some degree of toxicity was detected for oocytes at high antibody concentration and this was correlated with their inhibitory effect on fertilization. Unrelated to the degree of antigen expression or localization on sperm membrane, the antibodies showed several degrees of inhibition. The participation in sperm-zona pellucida interaction for every antigen could be evidenced by the impaired penetration of sperm caused by the presence of several concentrations of antibody. Thus, DAN-2, MOU-8 and VAC-4 inhibit mouse in vitro fertilization.
Decoupled hardware support for distributed shared memory (1996)

This paper investigates hardware support for fine-grain distributed shared memory (DSM) in networks of workstations. To reduce design time and implementation cost relative to dedicated DSM systems, we decouple the functional hardware components of DSM support, allowing greater use of off-the-shelf devices.We present two decoupled systems, Typhoon-0 and Typhoon-1. Typhoon-0 uses an off-the-shelf protocol processor and network interface; a custom access control device is the only DSM-specific hardware. To demonstrate the feasibility and simplicity of this access control device, we designed and built an FPGA-based version in under one year. Typhoon-1 also uses an off-the-shelf protocol processor, but integrates the network interface and access control devices for higher performance.We compare the performance of the two decoupled systems with two integrated systems via simulation. For six benchmarks on 32 nodes, Typhoon-0 ranges from 30% to 309% slower than the best integrated system, while Typhoon-1 ranges from 13% to 132% slower. Four of the six benchmarks achieve speedups of 12 to 18 on Typhoon-0 and 15 to 26 on Typhoon-1, compared with 19 to 35 on the best integrated system. Two benchmarks are hampered by high communication overheads, but selectively replacing shared-memory operations with message passing provides speedups of at least 16 on both decoupled systems. These speedups indicate that decoupled designs can potentially provide a cost-effective alternative to complex high-end DSM systems.
Flexible and stretchable UHF RFID tag antennas for automotive tire sensing (2014)

UHF RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) tag antennas are proposed for automotive tire applications, which are flexible and sufficiently broadband for a wide variety of tire materials and construction. The RFID tags may be mounted on or in the tires to monitor their condition and provide history data. The influence of the rubber material on the tag's performance is studied, and a broadband tag antenna is proposed which remains tuned on dielectrics of varying permittivity and thickness. Furthermore, a textile-based RFID antenna is fabricated and tested. The flexibility and durability of this antenna makes it a perfect candidate for RFID tire applications.
Technology migration techniques for simplified layouts with restrictive design rules (2006)

Designs using simple geometric layout objects (such as points, sticks and rectangles) with restrictive design rules (RDRs) on each layout object (i.e., it must be placed on a set of grids subject to a set of ground rules) have been introduced as an approach to better enable design for manufacturability (DFM) in ultra-deep submicron designs (Lavin et al., 2004). In this paper, we study the problem of migrating the conventional shape-based layouts to the simplified layouts with RDR constraints. We present a migration flow which consists of two process steps: (1) conversion where shapes (such as polygons) are converted to simple geometric objects (such as sticks) while the topology is maintained; and (2) grid legalization for RDRs where the simple geometric objects are placed on grid subject to the given set of ground rules by using a novel legalization algorithm, the minimum perturbation-driven graph-based grid legalization (MP-GGL) algorithm. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the flow by successfully migrating a set of library cells in the conventional shape-based technology to the simplified layouts with RDR constraints
CONDENSATION REACTIONS OF CYCLIC KETONES. I. THE ACTION OF ISATIN AND ISATIN ALPHA CHLORIDE UPON CERTAIN HYDANTOINS<sup>1</sup> (1924)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCONDENSATION REACTIONS OF CYCLIC KETONES. I. THE ACTION OF ISATIN AND ISATIN ALPHA CHLORIDE UPON CERTAIN HYDANTOINS1Arthur J. Hill and Henry R. HenzeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1924, 46, 12, 2806–2810Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1924https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01677a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (324 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Modelling and analysis of DC-DC converters control by power equalization (2003)

An improved current-injected modelling method is used to obtain in an easy but accurate way the transfer functions of a DC-DC converter controlled by output equalization. The approach has been used to develop an output voltage regulator with a near-optimum behavior that does not need much hardware. The principle is very general and could be used in other applications. The problem of open-loop instability and the effect of the input filter and its stability are investigated. Experimental results for the output voltage regulator are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Re: 24-Hour Urinary Calcium in Primary Hyperparathyroidism; Black et al. (2014)

Editor – I read with interest the very interesting paper by Black et al1 delineating the relationship between 24-hour urine calcium and several variables. My first observation is that the relationship of 24-hour urine calcium to either 24-hour urine creatinine or age may have been confounded by incompleteness of the collection. The normal rate of creatinine excretion (which is equal to creatinine production in the steady state) in adults under the age of 50 is about 20 to 25 mg/kg (177 to 221 micromol/kg) of lean body weight in men and 15 to 20 mg/kg (133 to 177 micromol/kg) of lean body weight in women2,3. From the ages of 50 to 90, there is a progressive 50 percent decline in creatinine excretion (to about 10 mg/kg in men), due primarily to a fall in muscle mass. This data can be used to decide on the completeness or otherwise of the collection based on published guidelines such as the ratio of urinary creatinine (mg/day) and body weight (kg) of 25.2 as suggested by the WHO4. These relationships then need to be adjusted for the latter variable to ensure that these are simply not spurious because of varying levels of completeness of collection across these subjects.

Secondly, I suspect that the Vitamin D relationship with the 24-hour urine calcium is an inverse relationship such that a low Vitamin D predisposes to a lower 24-hour urine calcium and this is suggested by the results in Black’s1 Table 2. The results in Table 3 may be non-significant simply because the threshold for 24-hour urine calcium has been set too high such that subjects with values <400mg/day can be both Vitamin D deficient and sufficient. In order to elucidate this, can the authors provide an ROC analysis with two cutoffs of Vitamin D as the criterion (deficient <30nmol/L (12ng/ml) and insufficient <50nmol/L (20ng/ml)) and advise what the area under curves are as well as what the optimal cutoff points are for 24-hour urine calcium if the latter are indeed significant?
Theory of nonresonant multistable optical devices (1976)

We show that a Fabry-Perot interferometer filled with a Kerr medium has a multiple-valued transmission-intensity characteristic. ’’On’’ and ’’off’’ field for bistable operation are estimated, and a simple but accurate approximate theory is described.