gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptors α and γ: key regulators of lipid/glucose metabolism, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity (2013)

Retinoic acid-related orphan receptors RORα and RORγ play a regulatory role in lipid/glucose homeostasis and various immune functions, and have been implicated in metabolic syndrome and several inflammatory diseases. RORα-deficient mice are protected against age- and diet-induced obesity, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance. The resistance to hepatosteatosis in RORα-deficient mice is related to the reduced expression of several genes regulating lipid synthesis, transport, and storage. Adipose tissue-associated inflammation, which plays a critical role in the development of insulin resistance, is considerably diminished in RORα-deficient mice as indicated by the reduced infiltration of M1 macrophages and decreased expression of many proinflammatory genes. Deficiency in RORγ also protects against diet-induced insulin resistance by a mechanism that appears different from that in RORα deficiency. Recent studies indicated that RORs provide an important link between the circadian clock machinery and its regulation of metabolic genes and metabolic syndrome. As ligand-dependent transcription factors, RORs may provide novel therapeutic targets in the management of obesity and associated metabolic diseases, including hepatosteatosis, adipose tissue-associated inflammation, and insulin resistance.
CARPOOLNOW - Just-in-Time Carpooling without Elaborate Preplanning (2009)

Carpooling reduces the number of cars on the road, reduces gas consumption, and saves participants money. In order to free carpooling from rigid schedules and preplanning, we are developing and implementing the concept of just-in-time carpooling by allowing a large member base of passengers and drivers to be matched with each other automatically and instantly, allowing for onthe-spot arrangement of rides. A mobile phone call initiates an automatic process in which drivers and passengers are matched to a shared ride wherever and whenever they need it, without the scheduling constraints of traditional carpooling. This program faces a number of challenging barriers in technology and behavioral science. These include the creation of a seamless interaction between mobile phones and the internet server, voice recognition and SMS solutions, safety of mobile phone use, and motivation, safety, and trust among participating members of this carpooling community. A pilot program is currently being developed for implementation within a university community.
Breeding of maize types with specific traits at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje (2007)

Maize is primarily grown as an energy crop, but the use of different specific versions, such as high-oil maize, high-lysine maize, waxy maize, white-seeded maize, popping maize and sweet maize, is quite extensive. Speciality maize, due to its traits and genetic control of these traits, requires a particular attention in handling breeding material during the processes of breeding. It is especially related to prevention of uncontrolled pollination. In order to provide successful selection for a certain trait, the following specific procedures in evaluation of the trait are necessary: the estimation of a popping volume and flake quality in popping maize; the determination of sugars and harvest maturity in sweet maize; the determination of oil in selected samples of high-oil maize types, and so forth. Breeding programmes for speciality maize, except high-amylose maize, have been implemented at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, for the last 45 years. A great number of high-yielding sweet maize hybrids, popping maize, high-oil and high-lysine, flint and white-seeded maize hybrids were developed during this 45-year period. Auspicious selection and breeding for these traits is facilitated by the abundant genetic variability and technical and technological possibilities necessary for successful selection.
Monitoring Inequality among Social Groups: A Methodology Combining Fuzzy Set Theory and Principal Component Analysis (2008)

The present paper contributes to operationalizing the Capability Approach by proposing a methodology for the design of sets of indicators for monitoring inequality among social groups based on census and household surveys. The result is a set of indicators and synthetic indices that can be disaggregated by social groups, in a way that allows the monitoring of inequalities in the overall achievement either of fundamental rights or of specific rights. The methodology combines the heuristic power of Principal Component Analysis in offering empirical evidence for the aggregation of indicators with the operational advantage of Fuzzy Set Theory for their final design and measurement. The paper emphasizes the complementarities of these statistical techniques. The methodology is illustrated by the design of a set of indicators for monitoring housing adequacy in the Venezuelan context.
Vitamin D: the underappreciated D-lightful hormone that is important for skeletal and cellular health (2002)

Vitamin D deficiency is more common than realized. It is making a resurgence in neonates and is common in black patients and older adults. Vitamin D deficiency not only causes generalized muscle weakness, muscle aches, and bone aches and pains but also can precipitate and exacerbate osteoporosis and cause osteomalacia. Although the kidney plays a critical role in producing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, which is important for regulating calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism, it is now recognized that a wide variety of other tissues have the enzymatic machinery to produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D receptors are common in most tissues in the body, and the new revelation that many tissues produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D suggests a new important role for this hormone in helping to maintain good health throughout life.
<i>Mmh</i> / <i>Ogg1</i> gene inactivation results in accumulation of 8-hydroxyguanine in mice (2000)

The major mutagenic base lesion in DNA caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species is 8-hydroxyguanine or 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-OH-G). Products of the human MMH/OGG1 gene are known to catalyze in vitro the reactions repairing this DNA lesion. To analyze the function of Mmh in vivo, we generated a mouse line carrying a mutant Mmh allele by targeted gene disruption. Mmh homozygous mutant mice were found to have a physically normal appearance, but to have lost nicking activity in liver extracts for substrate DNA containing 8-OH-G, exhibiting a 3-fold increased accumulation of this adduct at 9 weeks of age compared with wild-type or heterozygous mice. Further elevation to 7-fold was observed in 14-week-old animals. Substantial increase of spontaneous mutation frequencies was clearly identified in Mmh mutant mice bearing transgenic gpt genes. These results indicate that exposure of DNA to endogenous oxidative species continuously produces the mutagenic adduct 8-OH-G in mice, and Mmh plays an essential role in repair of this DNA damage.
Image retrieval on large-scale image databases (2007)

Online image repositories such as Flickr contain hundreds of millions of images and are growing quickly. Along with that the needs for supporting indexing, searching and browsing is becoming more and more pressing. In this work we will employ the image content as a source of information to retrieve images. We study the representation of images by Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) models for content-based image retrieval. Image representations are learned in an unsupervised fashion, and each image is modeled as the mixture of topics/object parts depicted in the image. This allows us to put images into subspaces for higher-level reasoning which in turn can be used to find similar images. Different similarity measures based on the described image representation are studied. The presented approach is evaluated on a real world image database consisting of more than 246,000 images and compared to image models based on probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (pLSA). Results show the suitability of the approach for large-scale databases. Finally we incorporate active learning with user relevance feedback in our framework, which further boosts the retrieval performance.
Cellular effects of olomoucine, an inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinases (1995)

Summary— Olomoucine (2‐(2‐hydroxyethylamino)‐6‐benzylamino‐9‐methylpurine) has been recently described as a competitive inhibitor (ATP‐binding site) of the cell cycle regulating p34 cdc2 /cyclin B, p33 cdk2 /cyclin A and p33 cdk2 /cyclin E kinases, the brain p33 cdk5 p35 kinase and the ERK1AP‐kinase. The unusual specificity of this compound towards cell cycle regulating enzymes suggests that it could inhibit certain steps of the cell cycle. The cellular effects of olomoucine were investigated in a large variety of plant and animal models. This compound inhibits the G1S transition of unicellular algae (dinoflagellate and diatom). It blocks Fucus zygote cleavage and development of Laminaria gametophytes. Stimulated Petunia mesophyl protoplasts are arrested in G1 by olomoucine. By arresting cleavage it blocks the development of Calanus copepod larvae. It reversibly inhibits the early cleavages of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos and those of ascidian embryos. Olomoucine inhibits the serotonin‐induced prophase/metaphase transition of clam oocytes; furthermore, it triggers the release of these oocytes from their meiotic metaphase I arrest, and induces nuclei reformation. Olomoucine slows down the prophase/metaphase transition in cleaving sea urchin embryos, but does not affect the duration of the metaphase/anaphase and anaphase/telophase transitions. It also inhibits the prophase/metaphase transition of starfish oocytes triggered by various agonists. Xenopus oocyte maturation, the in vivo and in vitro phosphorylation of elongation factor EF‐1 are inhibited by olomoucine. Mouse oocyte maturation is delayed by this compound, whereas parthenogenetic release from metaphase II arrest is facilitated. Growth of a variety of human cell lines (rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines Rh1, Rh18, Rh28 and Rh30; MCF‐7, KB‐3‐1 and their adriamycin‐resistant counterparts; National Cancer Institute 60 human tumor cell lines comprising nine tumor types) is inhibited by olomoucine. Cell cycle parameter analysis of the non‐small cell lung cancer cell line MR65 shows that olomoucine affects G1 and S phase transits. Olomoucine inhibits DNA synthesis in interleukin‐2‐stimulated T lymphocytes (CTLL‐2 cells) and triggers a G1 arrest similar to interleukin‐2 deprivation. Both cdc2 and cdk2 kinases (immunoprecipitated from nocodazole‐ and hydroxyurea‐treated CTLL‐2 cells, respectively) are inhibited by olomoucine. Both yeast and Drosophila embryos were insensitive to olomoucine. Taken together the results of this Noah's Ark approach show that olomoucine arrests cells both at the G1S and the G2M boundaries, consistent with the hypothesis of a prevalent effect on the cdk2 and cdc2 kinases, respectively.
Individual adaptive dosing of topotecan in ovarian cancer. (2002)

Dose adjustments are required not only in patients with creatinine clearance below 40 ml/min, but also in those with values between 40 and 60 ml/min (recommended starting dose is 1.2 mg/m(2)). By performing drug monitoring and taking into consideration the past treatment of each patient, better dose individualization can be obtained.
Fault-tolerant wafer-scale architectures for VLSI (1982)

The basic problem which limits both yields and chip sizes is the fact that circuits created using current design techniques will not function correctly in the presence of even a single flaw of sufficient size anywhere on the chip. In this work we examine the problem of constructing chips up to the size of a wafer which operate correctly despite the presence of such flaws. This can be accomplished by building on the wafer a nearest-neighbor network of small, independent, asynchronously communicating modules. A specific algorithm to be performed by the wafer is then mapped onto a fault-free subgraph of the network. We are interested in algorithms which map naturally onto a linear array of identical processors. Construction of fault-tolerant implementations of these algorithms is addressed in two contexts. First we consider the general problem of finding a fault-free subgraph of the host network which is isomorphic to the linear array required to solve a problem. We then examine ways to tailor a specific, known algorithm to the fault-tolerant context.
Projections of the median raphe nucleus in the rat (1999)

No previous report in any species has examined comprehensively the projections of the median raphe (MR) nucleus with modern tracing techniques. The present report represents an in depth analysis of the projections of MR by use of the anterograde anatomical tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. MR fibers descend along the midline within the brainstem and mainly ascend within the medial forebrain bundle in the forebrain. MR fibers distribute densely to the following brainstem/forebrain sites: caudal raphe nuclei, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, medial mammillary body, supramammillary nucleus, posterior nucleus and perifornical region of the hypothalamus, midline and intralaminar nuclei of thalamus, dopamine-containing cell region of medial zona incerta, lateral habenula, horizontal and vertical limbs of the diagonal band nuclei, medial septum, and hippocampal formation. Virtually all of these structures lie on or close to the midline, indicating that the MR represents a midline/para-midline system of projections. Overall, MR projections to the cortex are light. MR projects moderately to the perirhinal, entorhinal and frontal cortices, but sparingly to remaining regions of cortex. A comparison of MR with dorsal raphe (DR) projections (Vertes RP. 1991. J Comp Neurol 313:643-668) shows that these two major serotonin-containing cell groups of the midbrain distribute to essentially nonoverlapping regions of the forebrain; that is, the MR and DR project to complementary sites in the forebrain. A direct role for the MR in the desynchronization of the electroencephalographic activity of the hippocampus and its possible consequences for memory-associated functions of the hippocampus is discussed.
Confirmation of Nonsuppressor Mutation of Stem Rust Resistance in ‘Canthatch’ Common Wheat (1995)

A mutation induced in the common wheat cultivar Canthatch ( Triticum aestivum L.) results in resistance to several races of stem rust ( Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) to which Canthatch is susceptible. Previous evidence indicated the mutation behaved as a nonsuppressing allele on chromosome arm 7DL, which permitted the expression of resistance normally inhibited by a suppressor also located on 7DL. However, to eliminate the possibility that the improved resistance resulted from a mutation to a resistance gene, additional experiments were undertaken. Chromosome 7D of the susceptible caltivar Chinese Spring was substituted by the corresponding chromosome of the resistant mutant, Canthatch‐NS, and of Canthatch. Also, pentaploids were produced from crosses of susceptible tetraploids ‘Pelissier’ durum wheat and Tetraprelude with the resistant Canthatch mutant. The 7D substitutions of Canthatch‐NS and Canthatch, as well as the pentaploids, were fully susceptible. Consequently, the mutation induced in Canthatch‐NS was not of a resistance gene, thus confirming the previous conclusion that it behaves as a nonsuppressing allele.
Modeling TSV open defects in 3D-stacked DRAM (2010)

Three-dimensional (3D) stacking using through silicon vias (TSVs) is a promising solution to provide low-latency and high-bandwidth DRAM access from microprocessors. The large number of TSVs implemented in 3D DRAM circuits, however, are prone to open defects and coupling noises, leading to new test challenges. Through extensive simulation studies, this paper models the faulty behavior of TSV open defects occurred on the wordlines and the bitlines of 3D DRAM circuits, which serves as the first step for efficient and effective test and diagnosis solutions for such defects.
Stereochemistry of the furan-maleic anhydride cycloaddition (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of the furan-maleic anhydride cycloadditionMartin W. Lee and Willaim C. HerndonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 3, 518Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00397a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00397a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3582Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Overexpression of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 Alters Mitochondria Activities and Modulates Methionine Metabolic Cycle in the Liver Tissues of db/db Diabetic Mice (2007)

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a circulating protein predominantly produced from fat tissue and liver. Recent data from others and our laboratory have demonstrated this protein to be an important player in energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its metabolic actions remain elusive. In this study, we have employed a two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis technique to study the protein profiles in the livers of db/db mice treated with or without ANGPTL4. When compared with those of lean mice, 118 proteins were found to be up- or down-regulated in db/db mice. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ANGPTL4 could reverse a large portion of the up- or down-regulated proteins to control levels. Especially, a number of mitochondria proteins were down-regulated by ANGPTL4 to a great extent. Chronic treatment with ANGPTL4 resulted in an elevated activity of mitochondria respiratory chain complexes II-III and IV in db/db mice. Additionally, several key enzymes in the methionine/homocysteine metabolic cycle were found to be increased in db/db diabetic mice but decreased by ANGPTL4 treatment. HPLC analysis consistently revealed that ANGPTL4 could significantly restore the augmented S-adenosylmethionine levels and S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratios in livers of db/db mice. In summary, our results suggest that ANGPTL4 might elicit its metabolic effects through modulating the mitochondria functions and methionine metabolic cycles in the liver tissue.
The 1,2,3‐Triazole Ring as a Peptido‐ and Olefinomimetic Element: Discovery of Click Vanilloids and Cannabinoids (2007)

Fooling nature: The replacement of amide and alkene groups in a biological setting with the 1,2,3-triazole group led to the discovery of compounds with a unique vanilloid/cannabinoid mixed profile. For example, the natural amides (see picture, above) and their triazole mimics (below) exhibit similar agonistic (X=H) or antagonistic (X=I) activity towards the TRPV1 receptor; however, only the triazole derivatives also show cannabinomimetic activity.
BiP, a Major Chaperone Protein of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Lumen, Plays a Direct and Important Role in the Storage of the Rapidly Exchanging Pool of Ca2+ (1997)

The activity of BiP, the major chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, is known to be Ca2+-regulated; however, the participation of this protein in the ER storage of the cation has not yet been investigated. Here such a role is demonstrated in human epithelial (HeLa) cells transiently transfected with the hamster BiP cDNA and incubated in Ca2+-free medium, as revealed by two different techniques. In the first, co-transfected aequorin was employed as a probe for assaying either the cytosolic of the mitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration. By this approach higher Ca2+ release responses were revealed in BiP-transfected cells by experiments in which extensive store depletion was induced either by repetitive stimulation with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-generating agonists or by treatment with the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187. In the second technique the cells were loaded at the equilibrium with 45Ca, and the release of the tracer observed upon treatment with thapsigargin, a blocker of the ER Ca2+ ATPases, was larger in BiP-transfected than in control cells. The latter results were obtained also when BiP was overexpressed not via transfection but as a response to ER stress by tunicamycin. These results are sustained by increases of the ER Ca2+ storage capacity rather than by artifacts or indirect readjustments induced in the cells by the overexpression of the chaperone since (a) the exogenous and endogenous BiP were both confined to the ER, (b) the expression levels of other proteins active in the ER Ca2+ storage were not changed, and (c) effects similar to those of wild type BiP were obtained with a deletion mutant devoid of chaperone activity. The specificity of the results was confirmed by parallel 45Ca experiments carried out in HeLa cells transfected with two other Ca2+-binding proteins, calreticulin and CaBP2(ERp72), only the first of which induced increases of Ca2+ capacity. We conclude that BiP has a dual function, in addition to its chaperone role it is a bona fide ER lumenal Ca2+ storage protein contributing, under resting cell conditions, to around 25% of the store, with a stoichiometry of 1-2 moles of calcium/mole of BiP.
Analysis Methods for Progressive Damage of Composite Structures (2013)

This document provides an overview of recent accomplishments and lessons learned in the development of general progressive damage analysis methods for predicting the residual strength and life of composite structures. These developments are described within their State-of-the-Art (SoA) context and the associated technology barriers. The emphasis of the authors is on developing these analysis tools for application at the structural level. Hence, modeling of damage progression is undertaken at the mesoscale, where the plies of a laminate are represented as a homogenous orthotropic continuum. The aim of the present effort is establish the ranges of validity of available models, to identify technology barriers, and to establish the foundations of the future investigation efforts. Such are the necessary steps towards accurate and robust simulations that can replace some of the expensive and time-consuming building block tests that are currently required for the design and certification of aerospace structures.
What is EHD (1975)

The life of many highly loaded machine elements relies on the formation of a very thin elastohydrodynamic (EHD) oil film between surfaces in motion. Its formation results from the combination of a remarkable set of circumstances rarely appreciated. This article endeavors to explain the mechanism of elastohydrodynamic lubrication with simple physical concepts that are easy to understand.