gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Self-organization in nonequilibrium chemical systems (2006)

The field of self-organization in nonequilibrium chemical systems comprises the study of dynamical phenomena in chemically reacting systems far from equilibrium. Systematic exploration of this area began with investigations of the temporal behavior of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillating reaction, discovered accidentally in the former Soviet Union in the 1950s. The field soon advanced into chemical waves in excitable media and propagating fronts. With the systematic design of oscillating reactions in the 1980s and the discovery of Turing patterns in the 1990s, the scope of these studies expanded dramatically. The articles in this Focus Issue provide an overview of the development and current state of the field.
Optimal Properties of Exponentially Weighted Forecasts (1960)

Abstract The exponentially weighted average can be interpreted as the expected value of a time series made up of two kinds of random components: one lasting a single time period (transitory) and the other lasting through all subsequent periods (permanent). Such a time series may, therefore, be regarded as a random walk with “noise” superimposed. It is also shown that, for this series, the best forecast for the time period immediately ahead is the best forecast for any future time period, because both give estimates of the permanent component. The estimate of the permanent component is imperfect, and so the estimate of a regression coefficient is inconsistent in a relation involving the permanent (e.g. consumption as a function of permanent income). Its bias is small, however.
Blink reflexes in severe traumatic coma. (1979)

Blink reflexes were studied in 21 patients in coma after severe head injury. Our observations suggest that blink reflexes are a simple, objective, neurophysiological test to evaluate brainstem function. Correlations between these reflexes and the anatomoclinical stanges of coma and the Glasgow coma scale have been established. Presence of the early R1 component shows the integrity of at least a part of the pontine structures. The appearance of the late R2 component is correlated with a better chance of recovery from coma.
Role of the substrate in monolithic AlGaAs nonlinear nanoantennas (2017)

Abstract We report the effect of the aluminum oxide substrate on the emission of monolithic AlGaAs‐on‐insulator nonlinear nanoantennas. By coupling nonlinear optical measurements with electron diffraction and microscopy observations, we find that the oxidation‐induced stress causes negligible crystal deformation in the AlGaAs nanostructures and only plays a minor role in the polarization state of the harmonic field. This result highlights the reliability of the wet oxidation of thick AlGaAs optical substrates and further confirms the bulk χ (2) origin of second harmonic generation at 1.55 μm in these nanoantennas, paving the way for the development of AlGaAs‐on‐insulator monolithic metasurfaces.
Bone tissue regeneration: the role of scaffold geometry (2014)

The geometry of porous scaffolds that are used for bone tissue engineering and/or bone substitution has recently been shown to significantly influence the cellular response and the rate of bone tissue regeneration. Most importantly, it has been shown that the rate of tissue generation increases with curvature and is much larger on concave surfaces as compared to convex and planar surfaces. In this work, recent discoveries concerning the effects of geometrical features of porous scaffolds such as surface curvature, pore shape, and pore size on the cellular response and bone tissue regeneration process are reviewed. In addition to reviewing the recent experimental observations, we discuss the mechanisms through which geometry affects the bone tissue regeneration process. Of particular interest are the theoretical models that have been developed to explain the role of geometry in the bone tissue regeneration process. We then follow with a section on the implications of the observed phenomena for geometrical design of porous scaffolds including the application of predictive computational models in geometrical design of porous scaffolds. Moreover, some geometrical concepts in the design of porous scaffolds such as minimal surfaces and porous structures with geometrical gradients that have not been explored before are suggested for future studies. We especially focus on the porous scaffolds manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques where the geometry of the porous scaffolds could be precisely controlled. The paper concludes with a general discussion of the current state-of-the-art and recommendations for future research.
Effects of oxygen plasma treatment on adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cell adherence to poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds (2007)

Plasma treatment of substrate surfaces can be utilized to improve adhesion of cells to tissue-engineered scaffolds. The purpose of this study was to enhance cell adhesion to non-woven poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds using oxygen plasma treatment to increase surface hydroxyl groups and thereby enhance substrate hydrophilicity. It was hypothesized that oxygen plasma treatment would increase the number of adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) that adhered to melt-blown, non-woven PLLA scaffolds without affecting cell viability. The number of cells that adhered to the oxygen plasma-treated (10 min at 100 W) or untreated PLLA scaffolds was assessed at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h post-seeding via DNA analysis. Cell viability and morphology were also assessed at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h post-seeding via a live/dead assay and hematoxylin staining, respectively. Oxygen plasma treatment decreased the contact angle of water from 75.6 degrees to 58.2 degrees , indicating an increase in the surface hydrophilicity of PLLA. The results of the DNA analysis indicated that there was an increased number of hMSCs on oxygen plasma treated scaffolds for two of the three donors. In addition, oxygen plasma treatment promoted a more even distribution of hMSCs throughout the scaffold and enhanced cell spreading at earlier time points without altering cell viability. This early induction of cell spreading and the uniform distribution of cells, in turn, may increase future proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs under conditions that simulate the microenvironment in vivo.
John Lawrence LeConte (1883)

decided tastes for natural-history studies outside of the scholastic c ~u r s e , ' ~r e a t l ~ to the alarm of his tutors.The father, on being ap-
Unraveling the Dynamics of the Human Vaginal Microbiome. (2016)

Four <i>Lactobacillus</i> species, namely <i><i>L. crispatus</i></i> , <i>L. iners</i>, <i>L. gasseri</i>, and <i>L. jensenii</i>, commonly dominate the vaginal communities of most reproductive-age women. It is unclear why these particular species, and not others, are so prevalent. Historically, estrogen-induced glycogen production by the vaginal epithelium has been proffered as being key to supporting the proliferation of vaginal lactobacilli. However, the 'fly in the ointment' (that has been largely ignored) is that the species of <i>Lactobacillus</i> commonly found in the human vagina cannot directly metabolize glycogen. It would appear that this riddle has been solved as studies have demonstrated that vaginal lactobacilli can metabolize the products of glycogen depolymerization by α-amylase, and fortunately, amylase activity is found in vaginal secretions. These amylases are presumed to be host-derived, but we suggest that other bacterial populations in vaginal communities could also be sources of amylase in addition to (or instead of) the host. Here we briefly review what is known about human vaginal bacterial communities and discuss how glycogen-derived resources and resource competition might shape the composition and structure of these communities.
A hierarchical modeling framework for on-chip communication architectures of multiprocessing SoCs (2007)

In multiprocessor-based SoCs, optimizing the communication architecture is often as important, if not more important, than optimizing the computation architecture. While there are mature platforms and techniques for the modeling and evaluation of architectures of processing elements, the same is not true for the communication architectures. This article presents an application-driven retargetable prototyping platform that fills this gap. This environment aims to facilitate the design exploration of the communication subsystem through application-level execution-driven simulations and quantitative analysis. Based on an analysis of a wide range of on-chip communication architectures, we describe how a specific hierarchical class library can be used to develop new on-chip communication architectures, or variants of existing ones with relatively little incremental effort. We demonstrate this through three case studies including two commercial on-chip bus systems and an on-chip packet switching network. Here we show that, through careful analysis and construction, it is possible for the modeling environment to support the common features of these architectures as part of the library and permit instantiation of the individual architectures as variants of the library design. Consequently, system-level design choices regarding the communication architecture can be made with high confidence in the early stages of design. In addition to improving design quality, this methodology also results in significantly shortening design-time.
The Potential of Vitamin D-Regulated Intracellular Signaling Pathways as Targets for Myeloid Leukemia Therapy (2015)

The current standard regimens for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are curative in less than half of patients; therefore, there is a great need for innovative new approaches to this problem. One approach is to target new treatments to the pathways that are instrumental to cell growth and survival with drugs that are less harmful to normal cells than to neoplastic cells. In this review, we focus on the MAPK family of signaling pathways and those that are known to, or potentially can, interact with MAPKs, such as PI3K/AKT/FOXO and JAK/STAT. We exemplify the recent studies in this field with specific relevance to vitamin D and its derivatives, since they have featured prominently in recent scientific literature as having anti-cancer properties. Since microRNAs also are known to be regulated by activated vitamin D, this is also briefly discussed here, as are the implications of the emerging acquisition of transcriptosome data and potentiation of the biological effects of vitamin D by other compounds. While there are ongoing clinical trials of various compounds that affect signaling pathways, more studies are needed to establish the clinical utility of vitamin D in the treatment of cancer.
Cased-Hole Evaluation with the Chlorine Log (1984)

ABSTRACT Typical problems faced by operators in the Gulf of Mexico are the evaluation of low resistive potentially productive zones and depleted zones behind pipe. Tenneco Oil Company has used the chlorine logging system to solve these problems in numerous wells and several case studies are presented. The chlorine logging system is a neutron-capture spectral measurement and analysis technique which provides a quantitative, 1ithology-independent water saturation (Sw) interpretation. Water saturation is derived from the measured spectral response, formation porosity, formation water salinity, and well bore geometry. No corrections for borehole fluid or shale volume are necessary. This logging system demonstrates its usefulness in evaluating low resistivity pay zones and evaluating water movement within producing and/or produced zones.
Establishing a Calibration Laboratory for Industrial Radiation Thermometry (1985)

Establishing an industrial laboratory involves many variables because of the wide variety of needs. First, the basic principles involved are discussed along with key definitions. The importance of traceability is stressed along with methods of achieving it. Some representative calibration equipment and important calibration parameters are described.
Lipopolysaccharide activates an innate immune system response in human adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes (2006)

2.7+/-0.5 vs. NF-kappaB inhibitor: 2.1+/-0.4 ng/ml; P<0.001). AbdSc AT protein expression for TLR-2, MyD88, TRAF6, and NF-kappaB was increased in T2DM patients (P<0.05), and TLR-2, TRAF-6, and NF-kappaB were increased in LPS-treated adipocytes (P<0.05). Circulating LPS was 76% higher in T2DM subjects compared with matched controls. LPS correlated with insulin in controls (r=0.678, P<0.0001). Rosiglitazone (RSG) significantly reduced both fasting serum insulin levels (reduced by 51%, P=0.0395) and serum LPS (reduced by 35%, P=0.0139) in a subgroup of previously untreated T2DM patients. In summary, our results suggest that T2DM is associated with increased endotoxemia, with AT able to initiate an innate immune response. Thus, increased adiposity may increase proinflammatory cytokines and therefore contribute to the pathogenic risk of T2DM.
Dialogue State Tracking with Convolutional Semantic Taggers (2019)

In this paper, we present our novel approach to the 6th Dialogue State Tracking Challenge (DSTC6) track for end-to-end goal-oriented dialogue, in which the goal is to select the best system response from among a list of candidates in a restaurant booking conversation. Our model uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) for semantic tagging of each utterance in the dialogue history to update the dialogue state, and another CNN for predicting the best system action template. Our model is competitive with the top two submissions to the challenge, achieving 100% precision on subtasks 1 and 2 with a CNN rather than an LSTM for action selection, and a CNN for slot-value tagging, instead of an LSTM or CRF.
Squeezed states in second-harmonic generation (1983)

We consider the process of second-harmonic generation with the nonlinear crystal placed in a resonant cavity. Both the fundamental and the second-harmonic mode are shown to exhibit squeezing. An analysis is made for the general values of the ratio between the damping constants of the two modes. We suggest that second-harmonic generation is the most suitable system to use for an experimental observation of the squeezing effect.
Risk factors for urinary tract infection after dextranomer/hyaluronic acid endoscopic injection (2010)

Purpose: Endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid is an option for primary vesicoureteral reflux. Few groups have assessed the rate of urinary tract infection after dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection. We reviewed our experience with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection, and determined the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative urinary tract infection. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of all children with primary vesicoureteral reflux treated with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid from 2002 to 2007 at a single institution. Patient demographics and clinical outcomes were abstracted from the medical record. Risk factors for postoperative urinary tract infection, including female gender, preoperative vesicoureteral reflux grade, recurrent urinary tract infection, bladder dysfunction, nephropathy and persistent vesicoureteral reflux after surgery, were analyzed in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: We treated 311 children, of whom 87% were female and 13% were male (464 renal units), during the study period. Mode of presentation was urinary tract infection in 85% of cases. Mean followup was 2.6 years. Postoperatively urinary tract infection developed in 40 patients (13%) and febrile urinary tract infection developed in 11 (3.5%). Of patients with urinary tract infection 26 had initially negative postoperative voiding cystourethrogram, of whom 16 underwent repeat voiding cystourethrogram and 9 showed recurrent vesicoureteral reflux. Five of these 9 patients had clinical pyelonephritis. Of assessed risk factors only preoperative recurrent urinary tract infection (OR 2.2, p = 0.03) and bladder dysfunction (OR 3.3, p = 0.001) were independent predictors of post-injection urinary tract infection. Conclusions: In our series urinary tract infection after dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection was rare. Patients with recurrent urinary tract infections and bladder dysfunction preoperatively are at increased risk for urinary tract infection after treatment. Patients with febrile urinary tract infection after dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection are at high risk for recurrent vesicoureteral reflux.
A Synthetic Workload Generation Technique for Stress Testing Session-Based Systems (2006)

Enterprise applications are often business critical but lack effective synthetic workload generation techniques to evaluate performance. These workloads are characterized by sessions of interdependent requests that often cause and exploit dynamically generated responses. Interrequest dependencies must be reflected in synthetic workloads for these systems to exercise application functions correctly. This poses significant challenges for automating the construction of representative synthetic workloads and manipulating workload characteristics for sensitivity analyses. This paper presents a technique to overcome these problems. Given request logs for a system under study, the technique automatically creates a synthetic workload that has specified characteristics and maintains the correct interrequest dependencies. The technique is demonstrated through a case study involving a TPC-W e-commerce system. Results show that incorrect performance results can be obtained by neglecting interrequest dependencies, thereby highlighting the value of our technique. The study also exploits our technique to investigate the impact of several workload characteristics on system performance. Results establish that high variability in the distributions of session length, session idle times, and request service times can cause increased contention among sessions, leading to poor system responsiveness. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first results of this kind for a session-based system. We believe our technique is of value for studies where fine control over workload is essential
A new electrochemical synthesis route for a BiOI electrode and its conversion to a highly efficient porous BiVO4 photoanode for solar water oxidation (2012)

A new electrodeposition condition utilizing p-benzoquinone reduction was developed to produce BiOI electrodes composed of extremely thin 2D BiOI crystals. These electrodes served as precursors to form porous BiVO4 electrodes via mild chemical and thermal treatments. The resulting porous BiVO4 electrodes showed outstanding photoelectrochemical performance for sulfite oxidation reaching 1.25 mA cm−2 at 0.5 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7) containing 0.1 M sodium sulfite. When a ca. 100 nm thick FeOOH layer was deposited on the surface of BiVO4 as an oxygen evolution catalyst, the kinetics of water oxidation was improved to the level of sulfite oxidation and the maximum power point for solar water oxidation was achieved at a bias as low as 0.55 V vs. RHE with a photocurrent density of 1.17 mA cm−2. The remarkable solar water oxidation performance achieved by the porous BiVO4–FeOOH system strongly encourages further morphological and compositional optimizations of the BiVO4-based photoanode systems to realize highly efficient and practical solar water oxidation.
Predictors of Blood Loss in Fronto-Orbital Advancement and Remodeling (2009)

Fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling for craniosynostosis is extensive surgery and is associated with potential risks; the most significant of these is blood loss. We prospectively studied 116 consecutive patients undergoing fronto-orbital advancement by the same surgical team for a 5-year 6-month period to determine what factors are associated with blood loss and transfusion of blood products. The data collected on the calvarial sutures involved were whether the patient had a diagnosed syndrome, the age at operation, the length of the operation, the estimated blood volume lost during the perioperative course, the number of units of packed cells transfused (donor exposures), and the use of other blood products. The mean (SD) total blood volume lost was 116% (5.4) of the estimated preoperative volume. The median number of whole units of packed cells transfused was 2 units. Other blood products were given in 28% of the cases. There was significantly greater blood loss in those patients with recognized craniofacial syndromes, pansynostosis, an operating time longer than 5 hours, and an age of 18 months or younger at operation. The use of other blood products was associated with those patients losing a blood volume higher than the mean.
Glucocorticoids Stimulate Ribonucleic Acid Degradation in Isolated Rat Thymic Lymphocytes in Vitro* (1982)

Glucocorticoids are known to stimulate lymphoid cell death, but little information is available regarding the biochemical mechanisms of adrenal steroid-induced lymphocytolysis. Previous work from our laboratory indicates that lymphocytes, which die in response to glucocorticoid, exhibit enhanced rates of cellular protein degradation. These findings encouraged us to study the turnover of other lymphocyte cellular macromolecules, namely RNA, as regulated by adrenal steroids. Thymic lymphocytes were pulse labeled in vitro in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium supplemented with 10 μCi/ml [3H] uridine. Precursor incorporation into RNA was effectively stopped by a chase/dilution (1:20) of cells into fresh medium supplemented with 10 mM of both unlabeled uridine and cytidine. Cells were incubated in this medium for up to 4 h at 37 C with or without dexamethasone (Dex), and the remaining RNA-associated radioactivity was measured either by acid precipitation or with a multiple automated sample harvester. Control cells degraded RNA with a fractional degradative rate of 0.14 ± 0.01 h -1, whereas dexamethasone-treated cells had a fractional derivative rate of 0.21 ± 0.01 h-1. This represents a 50% stimulation of RNA degradation induced by Dex within 4 h of steroid treatment. Measurable stimulation of RNA degradation occurred 2.5 h after hormone administration in whole cells and 1.5 h when nuclear RNA turnover was quantitated. This glucocorticoid- induced RNA degradation was dependent on the concentration of hormone employed, with a half-maximal effective dose in the nanomolar range. Furthermore, this effect was glucocorticoid specific; only active glucocorticoids (Dex and cortisol) stimulated RNA degradation, whereas other steroids (17β-estradiol, progesterone, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone) did not have significant effects. Finally, glucocorticoid-induced degradation in thymocytes occurred before any measurable lymphocytolysis. We hypothesize that this glucocorticoid-induced RNA degradation is part of the degradation processes stimulated by the hormone that catalyzes the death of lymphoid cells.
Privacy-preserving record linkage using Bloom filters (2009)

We proposed a protocol for privacy-preserving record linkage with encrypted identifiers allowing for errors in identifiers. Since the protocol can be easily enhanced and has a low computational burden, the protocol might be useful for many applications requiring privacy-preserving record linkage.
Percutaneous Nephropyelostomy Using a Fine-Needle Puncture Set (1979)

The authors describe an improved method of percutaneous nephropyelostomy using a long, fine, flexible needle combined with a wider and shorter cannula. The needle facilitates atraumatic puncture of the renal collecting system and antegrade pyelography and subsequently serves as a guide over which the nephrostomy cannula is inserted. This technique was successful in 105 of 115 procedures (93 patients) over a period of 15 months and has replaced operative nephrostomy in the author's hospital.