gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
24-month intervention with a specific multinutrient in people with prodromal Alzheimer's disease (LipiDiDiet): a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial (2017)

European Commission 7th Framework Programme.
DUPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WITH CONFRONTING TWO-PAIR PRIMERS (PCR-CTPP) FOR GENOTYPING ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE   SUBUNIT (ADH2) AND ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2 (ALDH2) (2003)

ADH2 Arg47His and ALDH2 Glu487Lys were successfully genotyped by this newly developed duplex PCR-CTPP, an inexpensive and time-saving genotyping tool, which will be useful in epidemiological studies on alcoholism, as well as risk estimation of alcohol-related diseases.
Influence of Wood Heat Treatment, Temperature and Maceration Time on Vanillin, Syringaldehyde, and Gallic Acid Contents in Oak Wood and Wine Spirit Mixtures (1996)

Oak wood plays a very important role in spirit aging. A study using HPLC was, therefore, carried out on the influence of the temperature of wood treatment on phenolic compounds of spirits in contact with wood. It was found that high temperatures favor lignin decay, thus increasing benzoic aldehyde contents. Study of the influence of maceration time showed that periods of more than 24 hours do not cause significant changes in the phenolic derivative contents of spirits.
Advances in understanding and managing rosacea: part 1: connecting the dots between pathophysiological mechanisms and common clinical features of rosacea with emphasis on vascular changes and facial erythema. (2012)

Rosacea is a common inflammatory facial dermatoses affecting primarily adults with fair skin, although all skin types may be affected. The diagnostic term "rosacea" reflects a spectrum of clinical features with the more common presentations characterized by increased blood flow and vasodilation during disease flares, which accentuate central facial erythema. Inflammatory lesions, usually papules and/or pustules are present in some cases. Variations in magnitude of the associated features of rosacea are noted clinically. Over time, other clinical features emerge or may be further accentuated, such as diffuse facial erythema and telangiectasias, as fixed changes in cutaneous vasculature occur. These later findings account for persistent diffuse facial erythema usually accentuated centrally on the inner cheeks, chin, nose, and/or medial forehead. Some patients may also develop phymatous changes and/or have concurrent ocular rosacea. Augmented innate immune response to certain triggers (often exogenous) and neurovascular/neuroimmune dysregulation appear to be involved early in the pathophysiological sequence of cutaneous rosacea and appear to signal other downstream inflammatory or physiochemical cascades that contribute to the pathogenesis of the disorder. In this article, Part 1 of a two-part series, emphasis is placed upon the correlation of clinical features and underlying pathophysiological changes in the more common presentations of rosacea encountered by the clinician. The importance of this information is that some of these pathogenic mechanisms are modulated by available therapies, and others remain as targets for the development of new therapeutic agents or modalities.
Distributed face recognition system for indoor environments (2017)

Performance of a face recognition process changes depending on the distance between the camera and the person, light in the environment, pose, quality of image and the algorithm that is used for face recognition. An image collection system with a distributed architecture incorporating an embedded computer with a camera and a mobile robot equipped with a camera, a depth sensor and a microphone is developed. Face recognition using deep learning and artificial neural networks is applied on the gathered images. The performance of face recognition is investigated in terms of distance, size of the image set, activation mode, behaviour of the mobile robot and combination of the all components. The effectiveness of the system is verified using real world experiments.
Stress and Structural Relaxation in Tempering Glass (1978)

Temper stresses are brought about, primarily, by a partial relaxation of transient stresses generated by rapid cooling of the glass. Stress relaxation under nonisothermal conditions is competently handled by a mathematical tempering model, in which glass is treated as a simple viscoelastic material. However, this model proved inadequate in some respects since the properties of glass depend not only on its instantaneous temperature but also on its prior thermal history. A tempering model was therefore developed that incorporates both stress and structural relaxation. Predictions of this structural model are compared with experimental data on tempering and contrasted with predictions of the viscoelastic model. Such comparisons revealed that, typically, structural relaxation accounts for approximately 24% of the total residual temper stresses.
Fractured Ecologies: Creating Environments for Collaboration (2003)

It is increasingly recognized that social interaction and collaboration rely on the participants' abilities to access and use a range of resources including objects and artifacts from within the immediate environment. In recent years, system support for remote collaboration has begun to address this issue, and we have witnessed the emergence of a number of technologies designed to provide remote participants with access to (features of) each others' environment. In this article we examine the use of one such system, an innovative mixed media environment designed to enable participants to refer to and point at objects and artifacts within each other's remote environment. The article addresses the ways in which participants use the system to undertake various collaborative activities and discusses the problems-and issues that emerge, for the participants' themselves, in coordinating action with and through objects. We then consider these issues with regard to interaction and collaboration in more conventional environments such as work settings, and we discuss the ways in which the interpretation and production of action are inextricably embedded within the immediate environment, an environment of action that is inadvertently fractured in even this more sophisticated media space.
Dynamic Stereotypic Responses of Basal Ganglia Neurons to Subthalamic Nucleus High-Frequency Stimulation in the Parkinsonian Primate (2011)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established therapy for patients with severe Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study we explored static and dynamic activation patterns in the basal ganglia (BG) during high-frequency macro-stimulation of the STN. Extracellular multi-electrode recordings were performed in primates rendered parkinsonian using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Recordings were preformed simultaneously in the STN and the globus pallidus externus and internus. Single units were recorded preceding and during the stimulation. During the stimulation, STN mean firing rate dropped significantly, while pallidal mean firing rates did not change significantly. The vast majority of neurons across all three nuclei displayed stimulation driven modulations, which were stereotypic within each nucleus but differed across nuclei. The predominant response pattern of STN neurons was somatic inhibition. However, most pallidal neurons demonstrated synaptic activation patterns. A minority of neurons across all nuclei displayed axonal activation. Temporal dynamics were observed in the response to stimulation over the first 10 seconds in the STN and over the first 30 seconds in the pallidum. In both pallidal segments, the synaptic activation response patterns underwent delay and decay of the magnitude of the peak response due to short term synaptic depression. We suggest that during STN macro-stimulation the STN goes through a functional ablation as its upper bound on information transmission drops significantly. This notion is further supported by the evident dissociation between the stimulation driven pre-synaptic STN somatic inhibition and the post-synaptic axonal activation of its downstream targets. Thus, BG output maintains its firing rate while losing the deleterious effect of the STN. This may be a part of the mechanism leading to the beneficial effect of DBS in PD.
Montmorillonite-Alginate Nanocomposites as a Drug Delivery System: Intercalation and In Vitro Release of Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> and Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> (2009)

Sustained intestinal delivery of thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B(1); VB(1)) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B(6); VB(6)) seems to be a feasible alternative to existing therapy. The vitamins (VB(1)/VB(6)) intercalated in montmorillonite (MMT) and intercalated VB(1)/VB(6)-MMT hybrid is further used for synthesis of VB(1)/VB(6)-MMT-alginate nanocomposite beads by gelation method and in vitro release in the intestinal environment. The structure and surface morphology of the synthesized VB(1)/VB(6)-MMT hybrid, VB(1)/VB(6)-alginate and VB(1)/VB(6)-MMT-alginate nanocomposite beads were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TGA and SEM. In vitro release experiments revealed that the VB(1)/VB(6) releases suddenly from VB(1)/VB(6)-MMT hybrid and is pH dependent. The controlled release of VB(1)/VB(6) from VB(1)/VB(6)-MMT-alginate nanocomposite beads was observed to be controlled as compared to their release from VB(1)/VB(6)-MMT hybrid and VB(1)/VB(6)-alginate beads.
Templated Synthesis of Highly Ordered Mesostructured Nanowires and Nanowire Arrays (2004)

A general methodology that utilizes confined mesoporous silica as template for preparing highly ordered mesostructured nanowires and nanowire arrays is developed. The prepared Ag, Ni, and Cu2O nanowires, with unprecedented mesostructures of coaxially multilayered helical, and stacked-donut structures, have the unique features of hierarchical organization, modulated surface morphology, high surface area, and chirality. Surface-enhanced Raman spectra from a silver mesostructured-nanowire bundle are presented.
METABOLISM OF SURFACTANT PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE MOLECULAR SPECIES IN<i>cftr</i><sup>tm1HGU/tm1HGU</sup>MICE COMPARED TO MF-1 MICE (2001)

In cftrtm1HGU/tm1HGU mice, an animal model designed to study pathophysiologic alterations due to the CFTR defect found in cystic fibrosis, surfactant phospholipids of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)are increased. To study the metabolical basis of such increases, we intraperitoneally injected cftrtm1HGU/tm1HGU mice [methyl-3H]choline and measured [methyl-3
Biological evaluation of Mycoplasma pulmonis temperature-sensitive mutants for use as possible rodent vaccines (1990)

Temperature-sensitive mutants (TSMs) of Mycoplasma pulmonis were produced by treating the wild-type strain with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Three TSMs were selected at 38 degrees C, as a restrictive temperature, and at 34 degrees C, as a permissive temperature. Two TSMs, UTCMI and UTCMII, were proven to be nonpathogenic but immunogenic. In addition, they did not induce pneumonia, tracheitis, or tympanitis but did induce mild rhinitis. They were stable after 10 passages in vitro and in vivo. They elicited excellent antibody production and cell-mediated immunity in vaccinated rats. They also were not mitogenic to rat lymphocytes. Rats immunized intranasally with these TSMs were significantly protected against challenge with wild-type organisms. These mutants were morphologically and serologically indistinguishable from the wild-type organisms. The growth characteristics and antibiotic sensitivities were similar to those of wild-type organisms, except that they grew only at 34 degrees C. In contrast to wild-type organisms, they did not bind to or lyse sheep erythrocytes. Thus, these TSMs may qualify as a vaccine to prevent M. pulmonis infection in rats.
Pathogenesis of Human Metapneumovirus Lung Infection in BALB/c Mice and Cotton Rats (2005)

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly described member of the Paramyxoviridae family causing acute respiratory tract infections, especially in young children. We studied the pathogenesis of this viral infection in two experimental small animal models (BALB/c mice and cotton rats). Significant viral replication in the lungs of both animals was found following an intranasal challenge of 10(8) 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) and persisted for <2 and <3 weeks in the case of cotton rats and mice, respectively. Peak viral loads were found on day 5 postinfection in both mice (mean of 1.92 x 10(7) TCID50/g lung) and cotton rats (mean of 1.03 x 10(5) TCID50/g). Clinical symptoms consisting of breathing difficulties, ruffled fur, and weight loss were noted in mice only around the time of peak viral replication. Most significant pulmonary inflammatory changes and peak expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha, gamma interferon, and RANTES occurred at the time of maximal viral replication (day 5) in both models. Cellular infiltration occurred predominantly around and within alveoli and persisted for at least 21 days in mice, whereas it was more limited in time with more peribronchiolitis in cotton rats. Both animal models would be of great value in evaluating different therapeutic agents, as well as vaccine candidates against hMPV.
Inventory of microorganisms with a documented history of use in food (2002)

In order to classify traditionally used microorganisms (starter cultures) as safe food ingredients, The IDF in collaboration with EFFCA (European Food and Fed Cultures Association) has compiled an inventory of microorganisms with a documented history of use in food. The inventory is supplied with explanatory text dealing with taxonomic changes that have taken place over time. The use of the microorganisms is documented by sales information and through literature references. The inventory is by no means exhaustive, and is based on the knowledge of the participating experts, not that of the whole food or dairy industry. This inventory is intended for information only, not as a complete inventory of microorganisms for use in food, or to exclude any other existing products unknown to the participating experts. The list mentions major applications for the included culture or strain. This information is taken from the literature and it does not imply that the strain or culture could not be applied in the production of other foodstuffs.
Stylo and handifact (2017)

Stylo-Handifact is a novel spatial user interface consisting of a haptic device (i. e., Stylo) attached to the forearm and a visualization of a virtual hand (i. e., Handifact), which in combination provide visuo-haptic feedback for posture training applications.
Wavelet Transforms in Image Processing (1998)

This chapter is designed to be partly tutorial in nature and partly a summary of recent work by the authors in applying wavelets to various image processing problems. The tutorial part describes the filter-bank implementation of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and shows that most wavelets which permit perfect reconstruction are similar in shape and scale. We then discuss an important drawback of these wavelet transforms, which is that the distribution of energy between coefficients at different scales is very sensitive to shifts in the input data. We propose the Complex Wavelet Transform (CWT) as a solution to this problem and show how it may be applied in two dimensions. Finally we give brief details of applications of the CWT to motion estimation and image de-noising.
MMPacking: A load and storage balancing algorithm for distributed multimedia servers (2002)

In distributed multimedia servers where client requests for different video streams may have different probabilities, placement of video streams is an important parameter, because it may result in unbalanced requests to the system's stations, and thus to high blocking probabilities of requests. We present a method, MMPacking, to balance traffic load and storage use in a distributed server environment. Since different video screams are requested by clients with different rates, video stream replication is used to balance the traffic patterns of the stations; thus, the requests and I/O usage of the stations is balanced, since replication allows requests for the same video stream to be routed to different stations. MMPacking achieves load balancing by producing at most N-1 replicas of video streams in a system with N servers. These replicas are distributed among the stations, so that storage balancing is achieved as well, since no station stores more than 2 video streams than any other station in the system.
Introduction — Civic Pedagogies in Higher Education: Teaching for Democracy in Europe, Canada and the USA (2014)

There has been a substantial and growing discussion in educational literature about the skills necessary to be taught to students in order to prepare them to be engaged and agential citizens within democracies. Unfortunately, there has been a much smaller body of literature on effective pedagogical practices that foster the requisite knowledge, skills and dispositions in students to achieve this. This text is intended to engage the latter subject in two complementary ways. First, the chapters herein offer scholarly discussions about pedagogical and philosophical aspects of the project of fostering Citizenship, Democratic and Human Rights commitments among students. Second, the colleagues who provided chapters offered narratives about their experiences, dilemmas and choices as teachers navigating the complexities of this extraordinarily complex and consequential endeavor. In some cases, they were courageously honest about the difficulties, personal and professional risks associated with this work. Arguably, for those among us who see the practice of teaching as a linchpin to achieving the ideal of a democratic community, it is a false dichotomy to speak of personal and professional as if they are different things.
An Infrared Spectroscopic Study of the Some Autunite Minerals (2004)

A series of selected autunites with phosphate as the anion have been studied using infrared spectroscopy. Each autunite mineral has its own characteristic spectrum. The spectra for different autunites with the same composition are different. It is proposed that this difference is due to the structure of water and hydrated cations in the interlayer region between the uranyl phosphate sheets. This structure is different for different autunites. The position of the water hydroxyl stretching bands is related to the strength of the hydrogen bonds as determined by hydrogen bond distance. The highly ordered structure of water is also observed in the water HOH bending modes where a high wavenumber bands are observed. The phosphate and uranyl stretching vibrations overlap and are obtained by curve resolution.
Improving TNF as a cancer therapeutic: Tailor‐made TNF fusion proteins with conserved antitumor activity and reduced systemic side effects (2009)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is highly pleiotropic cytokine regulating diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis, necrosis, but also survival. Because of its name-giving tumor necrosis-inducing capabilities, TNF has attracted attention very early for antitumor therapy. Although TNF is in clinical use for treatment of soft tissue sarcoma in isolated limb perfusion, its broad use in tumor therapy is prevented so far by its strong systemic proinflammatory effects. Nevertheless, over the past decade, a variety of tailor-made TNF variants have been developed with the aim to reduce TNFs systemic activity without losing its antitumoral effects. Here, we review the progress made toward improving the efficacy of TNF by genetic engineering, tumor targeting, and introduction of prodrug concepts.
Single DNA conformations and biological function (2006)

From a nanoscience perspective, cellular processes and their reduced in vitro imitations provide extraordinary examples for highly robust few or single molecule reaction pathways. A prime example are biochemical reactions involving DNA molecules, and the coupling of these reactions to the physical conformations of DNA. In this review, we summarise recent results on the following phenomena: We investigate the biophysical properties of DNA-looping and the equilibrium configurations of DNA-knots, whose relevance to biological processes are increasingly appreciated. We discuss how random DNA-looping may be related to the efficiency of the target search process of proteins for their specific binding site on the DNA molecule. And we dwell on the spontaneous formation of intermittent DNA nanobubbles and their importance for biological processes, such as transcription initiation. The physical properties of DNA may indeed turn out to be particularly suitable for the use of DNA in nanosensing applications.
APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B are potent inhibitors of LTR-retrotransposon function in human cells (2006)

While the ability of APOBEC3G to reduce the replication of a range of exogenous retroviruses is now well established, recent evidence has suggested that APOBEC3G can also inhibit the replication of endogenous retrotransposons that bear long terminal repeats. Here, we extend this earlier work by showing that two other members of the human APOBEC3 protein family, APOBEC3B and APOBEC3A, can reduce retrotransposition by the intracisternal A-particle (IAP) retrotransposon in human cells by 20-fold to up to 100-fold, respectively. This compares to an approximately 4-fold inhibition in IAP retrotransposition induced by APOBEC3G. While both APOBEC3G and APOBEC3B specifically interact with the IAP Gag protein in co-expressing cells, and induce extensive editing of IAP reverse transcripts, APOBEC3A fails to package detectably into IAP virus-like particles and does not edit IAP reverse transcripts. These data, which identify human APOBEC3A as a highly potent inhibitor of LTR-retrotransposon function, are the first to ascribe a biological activity to APOBEC3A. Moreover, these results argue that APOBEC3A inhibits IAP retrotransposition via a novel mechanism that is distinct from, and in this case more effective than, the DNA editing mechanism characteristic of APOBEC3G and APOBEC3B.
Role of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx) in the treatment of relapsing ovarian cancer (2007)

The most significant factor predicting response to second-line chemotherapy is the time interval elapsed from the end of chemotherapy to relapse occurrence. Two types of situations may be considered: patients with platinum-sensitive relapse (relapse-free interval longer than 6 months) and patients with platinum-refractory relapse (progression during treatment or relapse-free interval under 6 months). Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin is a doxorubicin formulation. Encapsulation in liposomes confers it different pharmacokinetic characteristics and a more favorable toxicity profile. The following review examines the efficacy and safety of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for the treatment of relapsing epithelial ovarian cancer.
Methanol Crossover in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells for Portable Applications: Achievements and Challenges (2010)

One of the major obstacles that currently prevent the widespread applications of DMFCs is the methanol crossover through the proton-exchange membranes (PEM). The present paper discusses the influence of different operating parameters, such as concentration of methanol, pressure, temperature, thickness and equivalent weight of membrane and catalyst morphology, on methanol crossover. It also discusses the development of PEM for DMFC. The effect of methanol crossover on DMFC performance is presented. The discussion of findings and recommendations for future research are presented.
The Alkylation of 3,5-Dimethylisoxazole (1973)

Abstract 3,5-Dimethylisoxazole (1) was alkylated with sodium amide in liquid ammonia to give 3-methyl-5-alkylisoxazoles. By di- and tri-alkylation reactions using excess sodium amide, isoxazoles having secondary and tertiary alkyl groups at 5-position could be obtained. The hydrogenolysis and hydrolysis of these isoxazoles were also studied.