gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Cone Calorimetric Study of Flame Retardant Elastomeric Polyurethanes Modified with Siloxanes and Commercial Flame Retardant Additives (1998)

Polyurethanes are the single most versatile family of polymers with a wide range of applications. There is a substantial need for the development of polyurethane materials with low heat release rate and low smoke release rate. In this study, an extensive series of elastomeric polyurethanes based on diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) prepolymers were prepared and fur ther modified with fluid and powered siloxanes and conventional flame retardant additives. The flame retardant behavior of these polymers was studied using the Cone Calorimeter (ASTM E-1354), the instrument that has emerged as an impor tant tool for the analytical testing of materials for their fire properties. ** All pow dered siloxane additives used in this study, even at 5% loading level, gave a 70-80% reduction in peak heat release rates compared to standard materials.The reductions of peak HRR of fluid siloxane-modified materials compared to the base material were in the range of 49-78%. The conventional flame retardant addi tives used in this study also reduced peak heat release rate dramatically. The syn ergistic effect of conventional flame retardant additives with siloxane powders is discussed.
Expression of stem cell factor mRNA and the role in nasal polyps (2003)

Objective To explore the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.The aim of this study is to detect the expression of stem cell factor (SCF)in nasal polyp tissue,and to compare these findings with that in normal nasal turbinate.Method We examined the expression of SCF in human nasal polyps from patients undergoing nasal polypectomy (n=10)and nasal turbinectomy (6=7).The SCF mRNA expression was detemined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Re -sults The SCF mRNA expression was significantly stronger in the nasal polyps(NP)than that in turbinate tissues(P0.01).Con-clusions SCF expression is upregulated in NP,which indicate that SCF may play a potential role in the formation and growth of NP.
A Quantum Delayed-Choice Experiment (2012)

Quantum systems exhibit particle- or wavelike behavior depending on the experimental apparatus they are confronted by. This wave-particle duality is at the heart of quantum mechanics. Its paradoxical nature is best captured in the delayed-choice thought experiment, in which a photon is forced to choose a behavior before the observer decides what to measure. Here, we report on a quantum delayed-choice experiment in which both particle and wave behaviors are investigated simultaneously. The genuinely quantum nature of the photon's behavior is certified via nonlocality, which here replaces the delayed choice of the observer in the original experiment. We observed strong nonlocal correlations, which show that the photon must simultaneously behave both as a particle and as a wave.
Advances in electrical capacitance tomography (2006)

by connecting the small plates together. . . . .
Synthesis of high carbon materials from acetylenic precursors. Preparation of aromatic monomers bearing multiple ethynyl groups (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of high carbon materials from acetylenic precursors. Preparation of aromatic monomers bearing multiple ethynyl groupsThomas X. Neenan and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 11, 2489–2496Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00246a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00246a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6904Altmetric-Citations248LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Sphingomyelin Composition on the Phase Structure of Phosphatidylcholine−Sphingomyelin Bilayers (1997)

In this study, we examine the phase behavior as well as lateral diffusion and percolation in the region of coexisting gel and fluid phases in binary mixtures composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and one of two totally synthetic D-erythro-sphingomyelins (having either C16 or C24 acyl chains, both having similar gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperatures). This study stems from the uniqueness of sphingomyelins having gel to liquid-crystalline transition temperatures in the range of physiological interest, and the fact that more than 50% of the naturally occurring sphingomyelin species have a chain mismatch. The presence of sphingomyelin in biological membranes can thus be expected to give rise to a complex phase structure. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, differential scanning calorimetry, and electron microscopy are used to show that, despite similarity in the temperature range of the gel to liquid-cystalline phase transition of the two sphingomyelins, the two differ in their phase structure. Also they differ to a large extent in their mixing with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and C16 sphingomyelin mix nearly ideally, with the percolation threshold locus lying close to the liquidus on the phase diagram. In contrast, the C24 sphingomyelin and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine mix nonideally, with the percolation threshold locus lying close to the solidus. In addition, mixtures containing C24 sphingomyelin have a complex thermotropic behavior which may be related to the observation that these dispersions contain several types of particles, some of which are not multilamellar vesicles. These studies suggest that the degree of sphingomyelin chain mismatch is an important factor in determining lateral organization in the membrane.
Variable-ambient scanning stage for a laser scanning confocal microscope (2003)

A variable-ambient scanning stage for a laser scanning confocal microscope was designed and tested. The stage allows for facile observation of both thin films and single molecule samples under inert conditions. High precision images have been acquired up to 174 μm2 using a single piezoceramic tube. The vacuum seal is achieved by simply placing the sample side of a standard 25×25 mm glass coverslip face down onto a Buna o ring and gently clamping it in place with a Teflon cap. Tests show that the stage holds a vacuum of at least 3×10−6 Torr. Fluorescence experiments performed on films of an organic dye, DiIC12, as well as single molecule experiments performed on air sensitive oligo(phenylenevinylene) molecules, effectively demonstrate the ability of the scanner to reduce photo-oxidation rates.
The COOH-terminal tail of the GAT-2 GABA transporter contains a novel motif that plays a role in basolateral targeting (2004)

The ability of polarized epithelia to perform vectorial transport depends on the asymmetrical distribution of transmembrane proteins among their plasma membrane domains. The establishment and maintenance of these polar distributions relies on molecular signals embedded in the proteins themselves and the interpretation of these signals by cellular sorting machinery. Using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells as an in vitro model of polarized epithelia, our laboratory has previously shown that the COOH-terminal cytoplasmic 22 amino acids of the GAT-2 isoform of the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter are necessary for its basolateral distribution. We demonstrate that the COOH-terminal tail of the transporter can function as an autonomous basolateral distribution signal, independently of the rest of the transporter. We find that the three-amino acid PDZ domain-interacting motif at the COOH-terminus of GAT-2 is not necessary for its basolateral distribution. Instead, the more proximal seven amino acids are necessary both for targeting and for steady-state distribution. Because this sequence resembles no other known basolateral sorting information, we conclude that these seven amino acids contain a novel basolateral targeting and distribution motif.
Characterization of Leuconostoc Isolates from Commercial Mixed Strain Mesophilic Starter Cultures (1992)

In order to understand better the properties of mixed strain mesophilic starter cultures, 155 Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris and Leuconostoc tactis isolates were purified from three commercial cultures. Isolates were divided into groups based on plasmid content. All strains contained between 2 and 6 plasmids, ranging in size from 1 to 30 MDa One group of Leuc. tactis and five groups of Leuc. mesenteroides ssp. cremoris were obtained. The sensitivity to bacteriophage and pattern of DNA fragments when total genomic DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI showed that strains within a plasmid group are related. Thus, plasmid analysis is as valid a technique for strain identification of Leuconostoc as it is for other dairy lactic acid bacteria. Each culture contained at least two different groups of Leuconostoc.
New General Method for Regio- and Stereoselective Allylic Substitution with Aryl and Alkenyl Coppers Derived from Grignard Reagents (2009)

Allylic substitution with sp(2)-carbon reagents (aryl and alkenyl anions) was realized by using allylic picolinates and copper reagents derived from RMgBr and CuBr x Me(2)S to afford anti S(N)2' products regio- and stereoselectively. Steric and electronic factors in the reagents and the size of the methylene substituents around the allylic moiety marginally affected the selectivity. The reaction system was compatible with alkyl reagents as well. Furthermore, the substitution was applied to construction of a quaternary center and synthesis of (-)-sesquichamaenol. Electron-withdrawing nature of the pyridyl group and chelation of the C(=O)-C(5)H(4)N to MgBr(2) generated in situ were found to be responsible for the high efficiency of the substitution.
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation for adult acute respiratory distress syndrome: A decade of progress (2005)

From Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, TX. Supported, in part, by SensorMedics Corporation, which provided use of 3100B high-frequency oscillation ventilators for clinical research. Views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not represent the official policy of the Department of Defense or other departments of the U.S. government.
Modeling the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Light and Heat Propagation for In Vivo Optogenetics (2015)

Despite the increasing use of optogenetics in vivo, the effects of direct light exposure to brain tissue are understudied. Of particular concern is the potential for heat induced by prolonged optical stimulation. We demonstrate that high-intensity light, delivered through an optical fiber, is capable of elevating firing rate locally, even in the absence of opsin expression. Predicting the severity and spatial extent of any temperature increase during optogenetic stimulation is therefore of considerable importance. Here, we describe a realistic model that simulates light and heat propagation during optogenetic experiments. We validated the model by comparing predicted and measured temperature changes in vivo. We further demonstrate the utility of this model by comparing predictions for various wavelengths of light and fiber sizes, as well as testing methods for reducing heat effects on neural targets in vivo.
Living Random Copolymerization of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate with a Ru(II) Complex and Synthesis of ABC-Type “Block-Random” Copolymers (1998)

The Ru(II)-mediated living radical copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate (MMA) led to novel ABC-type “block-random” copolymers that consist of three segments each of which is a copolymer of the two monomers with a composition differing from each other. Thus, a styrene/MMA mixture (3/1 mole ratio) was polymerized with CH3CH(Ph)Br/RuCl2(PPh3)3/Al(OiPr)3, and two portions of MMA were sequentially added at varying styrene conversions. The final products are living copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (M̄w/M̄n ∼ 1.5) where the styrene/MMA sequential compositions from the α- to the ω-ends are about (3/1)−(1/1)−(1/4). Therefore, in the particular example two end segments are rich in either styrene or MMA unit, while the mid segment contains both units at a comparative composition. The basis of this new reaction is that independent of feed composition, both monomers polymerize at nearly the same rates to give virtually “azeotropic” random copolymers that are also living or long-lived and thus possess controlled molecular weights and narrow distributions.
Xylanases in Wheat Separation (1997)

Abstract Hemicellulases used in the wheat separation process have resulted in better separation, purer fractions, increased plant capacity, reduced processing time etc. In order to further improve enzyme‐treatment in the wheat separation process, monocomponent xylanases were evaluated. A laboratory viscosity model has been set up to evaluate the xylanases. The model showed good correlation (for a commercial hemicellulase preparation used for wheat separation) between viscosity of the wheat flour slurry and the sludge/supernatant ratio after centrifugation of the slurry. A xylanase (Novozyme 867) with excellent performance in the wheat separation process has been found. The xylanase has high activity towards soluble arabinoxylan and gives a rapid viscosity reduction of wheat flour slurries. The enzyme also has a moderate activity towards insoluble arabinoxylan, but due to the low molecular weight of the solubilized material this was not was found to contribute negatively to the enzymes' performance. The pH and temperature conditions in the wheat separation process were well within the active range of the enzyme. A pilot plant experiment showed improved yield of gluten and A‐starch, with no apparent negative effect on the gluten quality.
Breathtaking TRP Channels: TRPA1 and TRPV1 in Airway Chemosensation and Reflex Control (2008)

New studies have revealed an essential role for TRPA1, a sensory neuronal TRP ion channel, in airway chemosensation and inflammation. TRPA1 is activated by chlorine, reactive oxygen species, and noxious constituents of smoke and smog, initiating irritation and airway reflex responses. Together with TRPV1, the capsaicin receptor, TRPA1 may contribute to chemical hypersensitivity, chronic cough, and airway inflammation in asthma, COPD, and reactive airway dysfunction syndrome.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of Some Thiazole Derivatives (2009)

In this study, 2-substituted 4-[3/4-(4-arylthiazole-2-yl)aminophenyl]thiazole derivatives and 2-[4-[2-substituted 4-methylthiazole-5-yl]thiazole-2-yl]amino-5-arylidenethiazoline-4-one derivatives have been synthesized. The cytotoxic and/or growth inhibitory effects of the 16 selected compounds were evaluated in vitro against approximately 66 human tumor cell lines derived from nine neoplastic diseases. Some of the compounds were found to act as anticancer agents.
Predicting neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid) neoplasia using gene expression profiling and supervised machine learning (2009)

The current results indicated that gene expression profiling and supervised machine learning can be used to classify SI NET subtypes and accurately predict metastasis. The authors believe that the application of this technique will facilitate accurate molecular pathologic delineation of NET disease, better define its extent, facilitate the assessment of prognosis, and provide a guide for the identification of appropriate strategies for individualized patient treatment.
BORLAND C++ FOR WINDOWSプログラミング技法 (1992)

第１部 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓの変遷と概要 第２部 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓの基本的なプログラミング 第３部 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓの基本的なプログラミング 第４部 ユーザーインターフェイスオブジェクト 第５部 メッセージ駆動型の入力 第６部 オペレーティングシステムを考慮する
Feasibility study of 4D microgravity method to monitor subsurface water and gas movements (2007)

This paper outlines results of the feasibility study of time‐lapse gravity method to monitor the subsurface movement of water/gas contact based on borehole and surface gravity data. It has been shown that borehole data can improve accuracy of monitoring essentially. Also we discuss how the number of measurements and depth spacing of the borehole measurements impact the accuracy of gravity data inversion.
CT-guided Needle Biopsy of Small Pulmonary Nodules: Value of Respiratory Gating (2000)

A respiratory gating technique was developed to allow computed tomography-guided needle biopsy of small pulmonary nodules. Twenty-three pulmonary nodules less than 15 mm in diameter underwent biopsy with the use of this technique. There were 14 true-positive, eight true-negative, and one false-negative result (diagnostic accuracy, 96%). The diagnostic accuracy for small nodules without this technique in a historical control was 69% (P: <.05).
Oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols by the catalysis of palladium (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of primary and secondary alcohols by the catalysis of palladiumYoshinao Tamaru, Yoshimi Yamada, Kenji Inoue, Youichi Yamamoto, and Zenichi YoshidaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 8, 1286–1292Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00156a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00156a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1390Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Outcome of precontoured locking plate fixation in distal humerus fractures (2017)

Aim: Outcome of precontoured locking plates fixation in Distal Humerus Fractures. Material and methods: Twenty-five patients with distal humerus fractures were treated with ORIF with pre-contoured locking plates. There were 16 males, 9 females, with an average age of 42.8 years (21-59years). As per the AO classification performance score, the results obtained were graded as excellent or good results in 24 patients (96%), fair in 1 (4%) and poor in 0 (0%) of cases. Average time interval between admission and surgery was 3.8 days (average 1, there were 3 type A fractures(12%),1 type B(4%) and 21 type C fractures (84%).In addition to clinical examination, functional results were evaluated using the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS). Results: Using the Mayo elbow -9 days). All the fractures as well as the olecranon osteotomies united by 10-16 weeks (13.76 weeks). No patient had deep infection, implant failure, non-union of fracture site or olecranon osteotomy site. Superficial wound infection, which occurred in 2 (8%) patients, resolved with oral antibiotics. Transient ulnar nerve palsy developed in 1(4%) case. However, the patient recovered with conservative treatment. Conclusions: An anatomically precontoured distal humerus locking plates are useful in providing stable fixation of distal humerus fractures, thereby facilitating early postoperative rehabilitation.
A DAB transmitter prototype with high flexibility and low cost (2002)

The design and implementation of a DAB transmitter prototype is proposed. The system architecture, ensemble multiplexer, channel encoder, OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) modulator and other digital baseband parts are described. The prototype is fully compatible with ETS 300 401 and other related standards. It supports different services with various data formats and provides a convenient PC-based user interface. All I/Os and core parts are based on a modular design with a universal internal interface, hence the prototype can be flexibly configured to adapt to different requirements. Compared with existing products, the proposed transmitter prototype offers higher flexibility and lower cost.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of the Nuclear Moisture and Density Meters (1966)

The rapid determination of soil density and moisture content is of the utmost importance in the control of highway construction. Soil strength is determined, among other things, to a large extent by the soil's density and moisture content. In the past several years, a method of measuring soil density and moisture content has been developed through the use of radioactive attenuation. This method was developed on the theory that attenuation of gamma rays can be correlated to soil density while moderation of fast neutrons can be directly associated with the presence of water. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nuclear moisture-density technique and to study the feasibility of using the methods in control of routine highway construction in Indiana. To accomplish this end, several commercially available instruments were tested. The variables used as the foundation of the testing program were: 1) substrate material properties, 2) instrument stability, and 3) testing procedure factors. Extensive laboratory work was conducted in the initial phase on the project. The objective of the laboratory work was to provide a basis for establishing testing techniques that were later employed in the field study. Heavy liquids, soils, and soil-aggregate mixtures were the materials tested in the laboratory. The test sites selected for the field testing phase included natural ground areas, compacted fills, cut areas, loose and compacted subbases, borrow pits and soil waste areas. Material types tested included silts and clays of varying plasticity, granular materials and granular-soil mixtures.