gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of methyl methacrylate using isatoic anhydride–bromine donor–acceptor complex as the photoinitiator (1993)

Abstract Isatoic anhydride (IA) alone did not initiate photopolymerization of methyl metacrylate (MMA) at 40°C when exposed to visible light for about 180 min. But IA, when used in combination with bromine (Br 2 ) as the initiator, initiated the photopolymerization of MMA readily under the same conditions. This behavior was explained by the formation of a donor‐acceptor type of complex between IA and Br 2 in the presence of MMA. The polymerization was found to proceed via a free radical mechanism and the radical generation process was considered to follow an initial complexation reaction between the initiator components and monomer. The complex initiator showed nonideal kinetics for the present system (initiator exponent < 0.5) and was analyzed. The monomer exponents varied from 0.83 to 1.15 normally depending on the nature of solvent used. Initiator‐dependent chain termination was significant as well as the bimolecular mode of chain termination. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oxygen plasma treatment of sisal fibers and polypropylene: Effects on mechanical properties of composites (2002)

Abstract Polypropylene powder and sisal fibers were oxygen plasma treated, and the mechanical properties of their composites were tested. Two main effects were investigated: the incorporation of oxygen polar groups in the polypropylene surface and the surface degradation and chain scission of both polypropylene and sisal fibers. Prior to these treatments, three reactor configurations were tested to investigate the best condition for both effects to occur in PP films. Results showed that polypropylene‐cellulose adhesion forces are about an order of magnitude higher for PP film treatments at 13.56 MHz than at 40 kHz owing to much higher chain scission at lower frequencies, although it probably also occurs at high frequency and high power. Polypropylene powder treated with oxygen plasmas in optimum conditions for polar group incorporation did not result in improvement in any composite mechanical property, probably owing to the polymer melting. Sisal fibers and PP powder treated in conditions of surface degradation did not improve flexural or tensile properties but resulted in higher impact resistance, comparable to the improvement obtained with the addition of compatibilizer.
Carbodithioate-Containing Oligo- and Polythiophenes for Nanocrystals' Surface Functionalization (2006)

Organic ligands containing the chelating carbodithioate group are excellent candidates for the surface functionalization of various semiconductor and metal nanoparticles or flat substrates. We provide a simple synthetic scheme for the preparation of a series of regioregular oligo- and polythiophenes containing this functional group. In the first step, 3-[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]-2,5-dibromothiophene is coupled either to 3-n-octylthiophene or to 3,3‘ ‘-dioctyl-2,2‘:5‘,2‘ ‘-terthiophene, leading to quasisymmetric thiophene trimers or heptamers, respectively. In the second step, these oligomers are submitted to oxidative polymerization, and finally the carbodithioic acid function is introduced. This procedure can be generalized for the preparation of a large number of functional oligo- and polythiophenes by simply varying the chemical structure of the thiophene precursors used. We illustrate the grafting of these compounds on the surface of CdSe nanocrystals with the example of 4-thiophen-3-yldithiobenzoic acid. Spectroscopic studies of the resulting thiophene-functionalized nanocrystals reveal photoinduced charge transfer at the organic/inorganic interface.
Studies on the synthesis of enol acetates of the .DELTA.1-3-oxo AB-trans steroid system (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the synthesis of enol acetates of the .DELTA.1-3-oxo AB-trans steroid systemOscar R. Rodig and Galal ZanatiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 5, 1423–1427Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01280a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01280a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
UTF-16, an encoding of ISO 10646 (2000)

This document describes the UTF-16 encoding of Unicode/ISO-10646,
addresses the issues of serializing UTF-16 as an octet stream for
transmission over the Internet, discusses MIME charset naming as
described in [CHARSET-REG], and contains the registration for three
MIME charset parameter values: UTF-16BE (big-endian), UTF-16LE
(little- endian), and UTF-16. This memo provides information for the
Internet community.
Enoxaparin-induced generalized exanthem. (2003)

Adverse cutaneous reactions to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are uncommon in the literature. They are usually localized reactions such as ecchymoses, erythematous plaques, and nodules. Only one case of a generalized maculopapular rash with enoxaparin has been reported in Europe. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the English literature of a generalized exanthem due to subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin.
Ion beam measurement with a high-temperature superconductor SQUID and current comparator (2001)

A noninvasive and potentially absolute method is described for the real-time measurement of ion or electron beams in the range 1 /spl mu/A-10 mA. The principle of the superconducting current comparator, which is well established in liquid-helium-temperature applications, is realized with high-temperature superconductor (HTS) components, and shown to be capable of sufficient sensitivity and accuracy for the proposed application. Particular attention is paid to the optimization of coupling between the current comparator and the HTS SQUID detector. The advantages to be gained by suitable patterning of the outer superconducting coating to achieve gradiometric detection are described. No serious problems were encountered during trial operation of the SQUID with an argon-ion magnetron plasma source.
Repetitive Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Human Genome Variation—A Concise Review Relevant to Forensic Biology (1988)

The various classes of human repetitive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are described, with particular emphasis being given to their variation in the human genome. The significance of this information to forensic science is discussed.
The Organic Matter in Oil Shales. (1923)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Organic Matter in Oil Shales.Ralph H. Mckee and Ralph T. GoodwinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1923, 15, 4, 343–349Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1923Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1923https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50160a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50160a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Alguns resultats en prospeccions geofísiques realitzades en jaciments catalans. Aplicació de les últimes innovacions en els sistemes de resistivitat elèctrica i gradiometria magnètica (2005)

Al llarg dels darrers dos anys s'han reahtzat en diversos jaciments un seguit d'actuacions amb l'anim d'introduir a l'arqueologia espanyola els grans avencos dels que han estat objecte, durant la ultima decada i a nivell internacional, els metodes de prospeccio geofisica. A continuacio presentem els resultats obtinguts per SOT Prospeccio Arqueologica en diferents jaciments catalans aplicant les iutimes millores en les tecniques de resistivitat electrica i gradiometria magnetica.
Magneto-Inertial Dead-Reckoning in inhomogeneous field and indoor applications (2018)

Cette thèse concerne l’exploitation des inhomogénéités locales du champ magnétique en complément de techniques de navigation inertielles à composants liés “strapdown”, et son application à la navigation à l’estime en intérieur avec des capteurs magnéto-inertiels miniatures à bas-coût. Cette méthode permet une mesure indirecte de la vitesse du système indépendamment des mouvements de son porteur et fonctionne sans cartographie préalable du champ magnétique, ni infrastructure dédiée. Ce travail étudie la modélisation du problème de navigation, celle des capteurs utilisés, ainsi que l’effet des incertitudes de mesure sur la précision de reconstruction du mouvement et les limites de cette technique. Des algorithmes de navigation mettant en œuvre le filtrage de Kalman étendu sont implémentés, et évalués expérimentalement. Enfin, deux techniques de calibration de gradiomètres magnétiques sont proposées et testées,dans le double objectif d’en faciliter la réalisation à la fois en production et au cours de la vie d’un système.
Airway Inflammation in Children with Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Children Assessed by Sputum Induction (2001)

A noninvasive method to characterize inflammation and infection in the airways of nonexpectorating children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is needed for clinical and research purposes. Accordingly, we performed sputum inductions by administering 3% saline to 11 healthy control children and 20 children with CF, composed of 7 sputum producers (capable of spontaneously expectorating sputum) and 13 nonproducers. Induced sputum weights were comparable in each group, whereas the amount of induced sputum collected from the CF producers was over 10-fold higher than the spontaneously expectorated samples. We found a significant increase in indices of airway inflammation, including total cell counts, absolute neutrophil counts, interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels, and neutrophil elastase activity in the CF subjects compared with the healthy control subjects. These same indices in the induced sputum specimens from CF producers were significantly correlated with levels in the matched expectorated sputum specimens. Sputum total protein concentration was elevated in the CF groups, whereas urea and albumin levels were not significantly different. Salivary analysis, performed separately, revealed higher levels of IL-8 and total protein in the CF groups. Airway infection, as assessed by quantitative counts of CF-related bacterial pathogens, was also higher in the CF subjects. The same bacterial pathogens, in similar colony counts, were isolated from both the induced and expectorated sputum samples from the CF producers. We conclude that airway inflammation and infection, assessed through sputum induction, are significantly increased in children with CF as compared with healthy children. Furthermore, induced sputum samples are similar to spontaneously expectorated samples in describing both inflammation and infection in the CF airway.
A user's guide to ALSA (2005)

Understand how the 2.6 kernel handles audio, and unleash the synthesizer and mixer inside your sound card.
Efficient Oligomerization of Negatively-Charged β-Amino Acids at −20 °C (1997)

This paper describes a procedure, known as eutectic concentration, used to concentrate an aqueous solution by cooling. Using a water-soluble carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, the researchers were able to accelerate the rate of polymerization of beta-amino acids when the solution was cooled to -20 degrees C. Different temperatures and solution concentrations were investigated to determine which gave the most efficient rates of polymerization. The effect of sodium chloride on the products of the reaction was also studied.
Thermal Degradation of Polymers for Molded Integrated Circuit (IC) Devices (1982)

This paper reports the results of a molecular-level investigation of the effects of flame retardant additives on the thermal dedomposition of thermoset molding compounds used for encapsulation of IC devices, and their implications to the reliability of devices in molded plastic packages. In particular, semiconductor grade novolac epoxy and silicone-epoxy based resins and an electrical grade novolac epoxy formulation are compared. This work is an extension of a previous study1 of an epoxy encapsulant to flame retarded and non-flame retarded sample pairs of novolac epoxy and silicone-epoxy compounds. The results of this work are correlated with separate studies on device aging2,3, where appropriate. Materials Three classes of polymer encapsulant materials were studied. These are listed in Table I and include novolac epoxy and silicone-epoxy compounds. A pure silicone formulation served as a control for comparison of the thermal degradion propertiesTABLE ISample Pairs Compared in this Study of the silicone-epoxy
Analysis of grounded and ungrounded photovoltaic systems (2002)

Grounding has always been a subject of controversy during discussions of electrical systems. Grounding techniques and requirements, like language, vary from region to region and country to country. Optimized grounding for personnel protection does not optimize the fire safety of a system and grounding for fire safety does not optimize personnel safety. Grounding to provide protection for equipment requires a third set of requirements. Photovoltaic (PV) power systems are current sources and require different grounding techniques than conventional voltage sources. Distributed leakage paths, multiple fault paths, and new roles for fuses and circuit breakers are among a few of the new issues that need careful consideration. This paper presents and analyzes the grounding issues associated with PV energy sources. Grounding configurations, faults, personnel safety, fire safety, and surge protection are addressed.
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists as Potential Therapeutic Agents (1989)

Leukotrienes are a family of bioactive lipids that have a constellation of pharmacologic effects on respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. They produce smooth muscle spasm (1, 2), cause myocardial de­ pression (3), increase vascular permeability ( l , 4) enhance mucous produc­ tion (5), decrease mucociliary transport (6), and have the chemotactic prop­ erty to attract leukocytes to a site of cellular injury (7, 8). The overwhelming evidence suggests that leukotriene synthesis and subsequent release in ex­ perimental animals and in humans are associated with certain pathophysiolog­ ical events. Disorders such as asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, septic shock, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and myocardial ischemia have all been reported to be associ­ ated with increased levels of leukotrienes (9-15). Little is known about the physiological role, if any, of these C20 fatty acids but such information appears on the horizon. For example, recent studies have explored participa­ tion of leukotrienes in the fine tuning of the immune system (16). In addition, early evidence suggests a neuromodulatory role of leukotrienes (17, 18) and other lipoxygenase metabolites in the central nervous system. Membrane phospholipids are the major source of arachidonic acid from which prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are derived (Figure 1). Activation of phospholipase A2, the enzyme that cleaves arachidonic acid from the two position of the phospholipid molecule, occurs as a consequence of anaphylactoid antigen-antibody reactions, by a variety of chemicals, and in response to cell injury. Leukotrienes are formed de novo by action of a
Multimodal Data Integration for Computer‐Aided Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (2008)

Image-guided percutaneous interventions have successfully replaced invasive surgical methods in some cardiologic practice, where the use of 3D-reconstructed cardiac images, generated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), plays an important role. To conduct computer-aided catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation accurately, multimodal information integration with electroanatomic mapping (EAM) data and MRI/CT images is considered in this work. Specifically, we propose a variational formulation for surface reconstruction and incorporate the prior shape knowledge, which results in a level set method. The proposed method enables simultaneous reconstruction and registration under nonrigid deformation. Promising experimental results show the potential of the proposed approach.
Void formation in thin Al films (1987)

Al films deposited on Pt layers developed voids after annealing between 200 and 300 °C. Void formation in the Al was also observed when the Pt layer was deposited above the Al film. The amount of Al surrounding the voids increased as the voids grew. The void growth seems to saturate when all the Pt is consumed to form Pt2Al3, and the rate of void growth decreases as the thickness of the initial Al film increases. We believe the controlling mechanism is diffusion along the Al/Pt interface made possible by compound formation there.
Isomaltulose (2012)

Isomaltulose, sold under the trade name Palatinose™, is a functional carbohydrate composed of glucose and fructose. It is derived from sugar by enzymatic rearrangement that results in a strong α-(1-6) bond. Its unique physical-chemical and physiological properties, that is, its contribution to oral health (tooth-friendly) and the low glycaemic blood glucose response, are a consequence of this strong bondage. As isomaltulose is hydrolysed and absorbed slowly and completely in the small intestine, energy is provided in a balanced and sustained way, without causing gastrointestinal distress. Isomaltulose contributes to healthy nutrition, due to these key physiological properties. Isomaltulose opens up new opportunities, particularly because of its specific technological advantages, especially its high stability in acidic environments and the related osmolality, making isotonic beverages possible. Its low hygroscopicity is an important feature for instant powder applications. Important areas of application are beverages, instant products, sports and clinical nutrition and tooth-friendly confectionery.
Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on in vitro percutaneous penetration of water, hydrocortisone and nickel (1995)

The dose- and time-related effect of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on in vitro percutaneous penetration was studied using 3 radiolabeled tracer compounds with different physicochemical properties: tritiated water, hydrocortisone and nickel. Human cadaver abdominal skin from caucasian women was used as membrane in static in vitro penetration cells. Simultaneous application of SLS together with 1 of the tracer compounds showed, after 48 h, a significant dose-effect relationship between SLS concentration (0.25%, 2% and 10%) and penetration of tritiated water or nickel (p < 0.001, Spearman), whereas SLS had no significant effect on penetration of hydrocortisone. When 4% SLS was applied as pretreatment, a significant time-effect relationship, after 48 h, was found between pretreatment time (0.5, 2 and 8 h) and penetration of tritiated water. A similar relationship was not found for penetration of nickel or hydrocortisone. Pretreatment of the skin with SLS for 2 h using 3 concentrations (0.25%, 4% and 10%) showed, after 48 h, a significant dose-effect relationship between SLS treatment and penetration of tritiated water or nickel (p < 0.001, Spearman). Pretreatment had no effect on penetration of hydrocortisone. Pretreatment simulates a cleaning-washing situation. The present in vitro skin penetration model, using human cadaver skin, described the dose-effect and time-effect relationships for SLS on the penetration profiles of 3 different compounds. The model may be extended to other compounds with suspected irritant/damaging effect on the skin barrier. It should be kept in mind that the model uses a dead skin membrane without the barrier repair mechanisms of live skin.
Biosensor Device with SPR Imaging Technique: The Design of High Density DNA Bio-tip (2006)

We have developed a new methodology to fabricate high resolution DNA microarray (2,500-104 dots/cm2) in combination with micro contact printing (μ-CP) and SPR imaging. Novel COOH-terminated PEG-disulfides with p-carborane were synthesized to fabricate the first layer on gold substrates to achieve surface coupling reaction with amino-terminated DNA in high yield. The hybridization of the target-DNA modified gold nanoparticles on probe-DNA patterned surfaces was successfully demonstrated by the SPR imaging, where nonspecific adsorption was not observed to the array background. The gold nanoparticle arrays provide quite high contrast even at low surface coverage (∼10%) by the enhancement effect of optical signals based on nano-scale phenomena in the near field. This enhancement effect can be well demonstrated by the simulation based on Maxwell-Garnett (MG) theory and Fresnel's equation.
Extract Fetal ECG from Single-Lead Abdominal ECG by De-Shape Short Time Fourier Transform and Nonlocal Median (2017)

The multiple fundamental frequency detection problem and the source separation problem from a single-channel signal containing multiple oscillatory components and a nonstationary noise are both challenging tasks. To extract the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) from a single-lead maternal abdominal ECG, we need to solve both challenges. We propose a novel method to extract the fetal ECG from a single-lead maternal abdominal ECG, without any additional measurement. The algorithm is composed of three components. First, the maternal and fetal heart rates are estimated by the de-shape short time Fourier transform (STFT), which is a recently proposed nonlinear time-frequency analysis technique. The beat tracking technique is the second component which is applied to accurately obtain the maternal and fetal R peaks. The third component consists of establishing the maternal and fetal ECG waveforms by the nonlocal median. The algorithm is tested on two real databases with the annotation provided by experts (adfecgdb database and CinC2013 database) and a simulated database (fecgsym), and provides the state-of-the-art results. We conclude that with the proposed algorithm, the fetal ECG waveform and the fetal heart rate could be accurately obtained from the single-lead maternal abdominal ECG.