gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Addressing glenoid erosion in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. (2013)

Glenoid wear is common in the setting of shoulder arthritis. Severe glenoid erosion presents a serious challenge to the surgeon performing a shoulder arthroplasty. This paper presents the various classification schemes for glenoid erosion. The results of the six main treatment options for shoulder arthroplasty with an eroded glenoid are reviewed. The six treatment options include: 1. eccentric reaming, 2. bone grafting, 3. use of inset glenoid, 4. use of an augmented (asymmetric) glenoid component, 5. hemiarthroplasty, and 6. reverse shoulder arthroplasty. A treatment algorithm is proposed based on the amount of glenoid erosion. Severe glenoid wear resulting in the need for shoulder replacement surgery is a challenge; however, new tools for dealing with this complicated entity are rapidly evolving, including the use of augmented anatomic glenoid components and reverse shoulder arthroplasty with augmented baseplates.
Electronic and thermal properties of Sb-based QCLs operating in the first atmospheric window (2007)

We report on the experimental study of the electronic and thermal properties in state of art Sb-based quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) operating in the range 4.3-4.9 &mgr;m. This information has been obtained by investigating the band-to-band photoluminescence signals, detected by means of an InGaAs-array detector. This technique allowed to probe the spatial distribution of conduction electrons as a function of the applied voltage and to correlate the quantum design of devices with their thermal performance. We demonstrate that electron transport in these structures may be insufficient, thus affecting the tunneling of electrons and the electronic recycling and cascading scheme. Finally, we present the first measurement of the electronic and lattice temperatures and of the electron-lattice coupling in Sb-based QCLs based on a quaternary-alloy. We extracted the thermal resistance (R<sub>L</sub> = 9.6 K/W) and the electrical power dependence of the electronic temperature (R<sub>e</sub> = 12.5 K/W) of Ga<sub>0.47</sub>In<sub>0.53</sub>As/Al<sub>0.62</sub>Ga<sub>0.38</sub>As<sub>1-x</sub>Sb<sub>x</sub> structures operating at 4.9 &mgr;m, in the lattice temperature range 60 K - 90 K. The corresponding electron-lattice coupling &agr;= 9.5 Kcm<sup>2</sup>/kA) reflects the efficient electronic cooling via optical phonon emission. The experimental normalized thermal resistance R<sub>L</sub><sup>*</sup> = 3.9 Kxcm/W demonstrates the beneficial use of quaternary thicker barriers in terms of device thermal management.
Novel Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Polymerizable Surfactants:  Synthesis, Characterization and Mixing Behavior (1998)

A series of novel polymerizable hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon cationic surfactants (N-alkoxycarboxymethyl-N-[2-(N ‘-alkylacrylamido)ethyl]-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide) potentially useful for the formation of multicompartment polymeric micelles were prepared. Micellization and surface active properties of these surfactants and of their mixtures were determined by electrical conductivity and surface tension measurements. The interaction between the fluorocarbon and the hydrocarbon surfactants in the aqueous micellar state can be described by the regular solution theory with an interaction parameter β = 1.25 indicating the formation of one type of mixed micelles. The solubilization capacity of the pure and of the mixed surfactant systems for pyrene and for a new fluorocarbon azo dye were studied by UV absorption as a function of the surfactant concentration. It was found that the ability to solubilize these hydrophobic compounds depends strongly on the nature of the micellar core (hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, or mixed), the polarity of the dye, the micellar shape, and the composition of the surfactant mixture.
A method of analyzing unsymmetrical faults on six-phase power systems (1991)

The use of six-phase (and other higher order phase) systems for power transmission was proposed as an alternative for using electrical rights-of-way more effectively and efficiently. One of the important items in applying the six-phase alternative in transmission planning is the design of an adequate protective scheme. This requires a detailed and realistic fault analysis. The 23 significant fault types (symmetrical or asymmetrical) that can occur in six-phase power systems are analyzed. The theory of three-phase symmetrical components is used to develop a method for such analysis. The validity of the proposed method is checked by application to a simple system under a single line-to-ground fault, and three line-to-ground, five line-to-ground, and six line-to-ground faults. The advantage of the method is its applicability to all significant faults that occur on six-phase power systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE REACTION BETWEEN THIOPHOSGENE AND TRIALKYL PHOSPHITES (1988)

Abstract The reaction between trialkyl phosphites and thiophosgene, even at low temperature, does not lead to esters of thiocarbonyl bisphosphonic acid as had previously been reported. The initial products appear to be stabilised phosphorus ylids formed by two carbophilic and one thiophilic reactions between thiophosgene and the trialkyl phosphite with no desulfuration. Following thermal or acidic treatment, the ylids undergo protonation-dealkylation reactions to give phosphorothio-substituted methane bisphosphonates.
Transfer of an ampicillin resistance gene between two Escherichia coli strains in the bowel microbiota of an infant treated with antibiotics (2007)

This is an unequivocal demonstration of gene transfer between two strains co-residing in the human gut, as the donor, recipient and transconjugant strains were isolated. The results suggest the dynamic adaptation by commensal bacteria in response to antibiotic treatment may occur readily.
Small holes, small bones, and mandibular stability. (1979)

A technique is described for drilling and wiring small bone fragments in awkward positions. It has had excellent results, especially in combination with the transfixion wiring technique.
On Design Performance of Involute-cycloid Composite Tooth Profile Gear (1982)

Involute gears have been widely used because of their many advantageous properties. However, involute gears have a drawback that their tooth contact strength is weak, because the convex tooth surfaces contact each other in meshing. In the present study, the authors designed an involute-cycloid composite tooth profile gear having higher bending and contact strengths than those of an involute gear, and confirmed experimentally the superiority of this gear.
Immunologic aspects of neurological and neuromuscular diseases (1982)

<h3>IDIOPATHIC POLYNEURITIS (GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME)</h3><h3>Clinical Features</h3> THIS DISEASE is pathologically characterized by cellular infiltration of the peripheral nervous system with lymphocytes and macrophages and by destruction of myelin (Fig 16-1). It is clinically characterized by subacute onset of weakness ranging from slight ataxia to total paralysis of motor and, occasionally, cranial nerves. Although subacute in nature, the disease may reach its peak of activity within 24 hours in some cases or smoulder at moderate intensity for two to three weeks. Proximal weakness usually occurs before distal weakness, and there is a tendency to symmetrical involvement. The seventh cranial nerve is almost universally affected. Tendon reflexes are usually abolished; sensory loss is variable and may be absent. Autonomic function may also be compromised, and many patients may have marked fluctuations in BP and cardiac arrhythmias that can cause death. Diagnostic criteria have been established for the disease. (See Asbury et al,
Using MPLS-Based Dynamic Tunnel for Location Control and QoS Management in Wireless Network (2006)

In the development of wireless cellular network, there are some different focuses. As far as these focuses are concerned, the wireless and cellular network works with different bandwidth and radio frequency. Also, the next generation cellular network must have important services, for example, the media service. To use the media service, we need stable bandwidth and bundle delay time because in 3G cellular network, the IP handoff problem may come from the faster speed than that in wireless network. Therefore, we propose QoS architecture to provide bandwidth, to lower handoff problem and to increase the bandwidth utilization.
Viscoelastic properties of plasticized PVC reinforced with cellulose whiskers (1999)

New nanocomposites are processed with a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) matrix reinforced by cellulose whiskers whose characteristics are a high aspect ratio and a large interface area. Dynamic mechanical analysis performed on samples reinforced with a filler fraction of up to 12.4 vol % gives the viscoelastic properties of the composite above and below its glass transition temperature. Different theoretical predictions are proposed to describe this behavior, but none of them is found wholly satisfactory for describing the reinforcing effect of these fillers. A model based on the Halpin–Kardos equation, with the assumption of an immobilized phase around the whiskers, is developed to account for significant decrease in the modulus drop, on passing above the glass transition temperature. The small discrepancy between this model and the experimental modulus measured in the rubber plateau is discussed as a possible effect of a percolating whisker network whose crosslinks are assured by chains adsorbed onto the whisker surface. Swelling experiments support this hypothesis. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1797–1808, 1999
Effects of the Formulations of Silicon‐Based Composite Anodes on their Mechanical, Storage, and Electrochemical Properties (2017)

In this work, the effects of the formulation of silicon-based composite anodes on their mechanical, storage, and electrochemical properties were investigated. The electrode formulation was changed through the use of hydrogenated or modified (through the covalent attachment of a binding additive such as polyacrylic acid) silicon and acetylene black or graphene sheets as conducting additives. A composite anode with a covalently grafted binder had the highest elongation without breakages and strong adhesion to the current collector. These mechanical properties depend significantly on the conductive carbon additive used and the use of graphene sheets instead of acetylene black can improve elongation and adhesion significantly. After 180 days of storage under ambient conditions, the electronic conductivity and discharge capacity of the modified silicon electrode showed much smaller decreases in these properties than those of the hydrogenated silicon composite electrode, indicating that the modification can result in passivation and a constant composition of the active material. Moreover, the composite Si anode has a high packing density. Consequently, thin-film electrodes with very high material loadings can be prepared without decreased electrochemical performance.
Simple Copy-Paste is a Strong Data Augmentation Method for Instance Segmentation (2021)

Building instance segmentation models that are data-efficient and can handle rare object categories is an important challenge in computer vision. Leveraging data augmentations is a promising direction towards addressing this challenge. Here, we perform a systematic study of the Copy-Paste augmentation (e.g., [13], [12]) for instance segmentation where we randomly paste objects onto an image. Prior studies on Copy-Paste relied on modeling the surrounding visual context for pasting the objects. However, we find that the simple mechanism of pasting objects randomly is good enough and can provide solid gains on top of strong baselines. Furthermore, we show Copy-Paste is additive with semi-supervised methods that leverage extra data through pseudo labeling (e.g. self-training). On COCO instance segmentation, we achieve 49.1 mask AP and 57.3 box AP, an improvement of +0.6 mask AP and +1.5 box AP over the previous state-of-the-art. We further demonstrate that Copy-Paste can lead to significant improvements on the LVIS benchmark. Our baseline model outperforms the LVIS 2020 Challenge winning entry by +3.6 mask AP on rare categories. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Expression of p53, nm23, p16 tumor suppressor genes in childhood germ cell tumor (2000)

Objective To appraise the relationship between germ cell tumor in children and p53, nm23, p16 tumor suppressor genes expression. Methods To observe the expression of p53, nm23, p16 tumor suppressor genes in 30 patients with GCTs using immunohistochemical staining. Results Among the 30 cases, positive expression of p53 was found in 19 cases, positive expression of nm23 in 16 cases and negative expression of p16 in 19 cases with immunohistochemical staining GCTs tissue sections. But there was no relationship between the expression of these tumor suppressor genes and the age of disease onset, clinical staging, survival period and site of the tumor ( P 0.05).Conclusion Tumor suppressor genes p53, nm23, p16 play a possible role in the genesis and development of GCTs in infants and children. (Shanghai Med J, 2000,23∶582 584)
The Detection of Reflections in Typical Rooms (1989)

In this study, the effects of reflected sounds were examined as they would occur in stereophonic reproduction in rooms of domestic or control-room size. Thresholds were determined as a function of level relative to the direct sound, the angle of incidence, spectrum, the temporal form of the signal, and reverberation. The relationships between audible effects and measurements, such as energy-time curves and frequency response, are discussed
RankSlicing: A decentralized protocol for supernode selection (2014)

In peer-to-peer applications deployed on the Internet, it is common to assign greater responsibility to supernodes, which are usually peers with high computational power, large amount of memory, or high network bandwidth capacity. In this paper, we describe a practical solution to the problem of supernode selection, that is the process of discovering the best peers in the network by some application-specific metric. We provide a distributed heuristic that allows to identify the best K nodes in the P2P overlay, by taking into consideration the realities of actual deployments, such as the presence of NATs. Our approach consists of an epidemic protocol which does not require new connections to be established, but rather relies on established connections, such as the ones provided by a NAT-resilient peer sampling framework. We support our claims with a thorough evaluation of our solution in simulation and in a real deployment on thousands of consumer machines.
Replication Routing in DTNs: A Resource Allocation Approach (2009)

Routing protocols for disruption-tolerant networks (DTNs) use a variety of mechanisms, including discovering the meeting probabilities among nodes, packet replication, and network coding. The primary focus of these mechanisms is to increase the likelihood of finding a path with limited information, and so these approaches have only an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">incidental</i> effect on such routing metrics as maximum or average delivery delay. In this paper, we present rapid, an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">intentional</i> DTN routing protocol that can optimize a specific routing metric such as the worst-case delivery delay or the fraction of packets that are delivered within a deadline. The key insight is to treat DTN routing as a resource allocation problem that translates the routing metric into per-packet utilities that determine how packets should be replicated in the system. We evaluate rapid rigorously through a prototype deployed over a vehicular DTN testbed of 40 buses and simulations based on real traces. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to report on a routing protocol deployed on a real outdoor DTN. Our results suggest that rapid significantly outperforms existing routing protocols for several metrics. We also show empirically that for small loads, RAPID is within 10% of the optimal performance.
Operating system implications of solid-state mobile computers (2002)

Trends in storage technology indicate that future notebook, palmtop, and smaller mobile computers will contain battery-backed DRAM as primary storage and direct-mapped hash memory as secondary storage, but no disk. All storage will offer uniform, random access read times through a single-level 64-bit address space. The paper explores the operating system implications of this storage organization. The system should exploit the benefits of having all data reside in fast memory. It can do away with much of the data duplication and related data movement that take place in conventional organizations. The system also needs to hide the limitations of flash memory: write access times higher than read access times, the need to erase memory before rewriting it, and a limited number of write cycles in the lifetime of the device. It needs to limit write traffic to flash memory and avoid writing repeatedly to the same area of flash memory. These steps will increase performance, improve space utilization, and prolong the life of flash memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interaction of Calcium Carbonates with Lead in Aqueous Solutions (2003)

Pure calcium carbonate (calcite and aragonite) solid materials of different particle size (100-200 microm fragments and millimeter-sized single crystals) were interacted with Pb in aqueous solutions at room temperature under atmospheric PCO2. In the case of the micrometer-sized samples, the macroscopic investigation using a batch-type treatment procedure (solutions between 10 and 1000 mg/L Pb) and ICP-AES, SEM-EDS, and powder-XRD showed that the metal is readily removed from the aqueous media by both materials and indicated the sorption processes (mainly surface precipitation leading to overgrowth of cerussite and hydrocerussite crystals) taking place in parallel with surface dissolution processes. The various processes occurring at the calcium carbonate solid-water interface were clearly distinguished and defined in the case of the millimeter-sized samples interacted with 1000 mg/L Pb using a combination of wet-chemical, in-situ (AFM) and ex-situ (AFM, SEM) microscopic, and surface spectroscopic (XPS, 12C-RBS) techniques. The in-situ AFM data revealed the dissolution processes on the surface of the calcium carbonates and the simultaneous heterogeneous nucleation of lead carbonate phases and confirmed the secondary dissolution of lead carbonate crystals grown epitaxially from the initial nuclei. The XPS spectra confirmed that adsorption of Pb occurs simultaneously to dissolution at short interaction times (less than approximately 10 min, prior to precipitation-nucleation/crystal growth) in the case of both CaCO3 polymorphs and that the calcite surface with adsorbed Pb may have an aragonite-type character. The 12C-RBS spectra indicated that absorption (incorporation of Pb2+ ions) also takes place in parallel at the surface layers of the calcium carbonates, resulting in formation of solid solutions.
STUDY OF DIFFUSION IN GLASS* (1943)

A bstract An introductory study was made of diffusion into glass from salts, with silver nitrate as the chief source of diffusing particles. The optimum test conditions were a temperature of 900°C. and a test time of 108 hours. The results noted were (1) effect of time, (2) effect of temperature on the distance of diffusion, (3) variation of silver concentrations in the glass with the distance of diffusion, and (4) a check of Fick's law of diffusion. The concentration gradient of silver from a diffusing interface was determined with the use of a spectrograph and corresponding particle sizes with an ultramicroscope. In addition to the silver nitrate, a number of other salts were tested at several temperatures. The development of Liesegang rings was noted in some of the samples. The nature of diffusion in glass was deduced from the results.
High-Speed Melt Spinning of Sheath-Core Bicomponent Polyester Fibers: High and Low Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Systems (1997)

Sheath-core bicomponent spinning of high molecular weight poly (ethylene terephthalate) (hmpet, IV = 1.02 dl/g) and low molecular weight pet (lmpet, IV = 0.65 dl/g) is done at a take-up velocity range of 1 to 7 km/min. The structures of the individual components in the as-spun bicomponent fibers are characterized. Orientation and orientation-induced crystallization of the hmpet component are enhanced, while those of the lmpet component are suppressed in comparison to corresponding single component spinning. Numerical simulation with the Newtonian model shows that elongational stress in the hmpet component is enhanced and that of the lmpet decreases during high-speed bicomponent spinning. The difference in elongational viscosity is the main factor influencing the mutual interaction between hmpet and lmpet, which in turn affect spinline dynamics, solidification temperature, and structural development in high-speed bicomponent spinning. Simulation with an upper-convected Maxwell model shows that considerable stress relaxation can occur in the lmpet component if the hmpet component solidifies before lmpet. A mechanism for structural development is also proposed, based on the simulation results and structural characterization data.
Measurement of mass and thickness of adsorbed films on colloidal particles by sedimentation field-flow fractionation (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurement of mass and thickness of adsorbed films on colloidal particles by sedimentation field-flow fractionationRonald Beckett, John Ho, Yong Jiang, and J. Calvin GiddingsCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 10, 2040–2047Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00058a013https://doi.org/10.1021/la00058a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts