gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Roles of IL-12 in Providing a Third Signal for Clonal Expansion of Naive CD8 T Cells (2002)

Stimulation of an effective in vitro or in vivo response by naive CD8 T cells requires three signals: TCR engagement, costimulation/IL-2, and a third signal that can be provided by IL-12. In addition to being required for acquisition of cytolytic function, IL-12 is required for optimal IL-2-dependent proliferation and clonal expansion. In experiments examining in vitro stimulation of naive CD8 T cells, IL-12 is shown to stimulate expression of the IL-2R alpha-chain (CD25) to much higher levels than are reached in response to just TCR and costimulation and/or IL-2. In addition, high CD25 expression is substantially prolonged in the presence of IL-12. As a consequence, the cells proliferate more effectively in response to low levels of IL-2. Examination of adoptively transferred TCR transgenic CD8 T cells responding to peptide Ag confirmed that IL-12 up-regulates CD25 in vivo, even when B7-mediated costimulation is largely blocked. TCR- and IL-2-dependent proliferation of CD8 T cells from mice deficient in CD25 was also found to increase in the presence of IL-12, indicating that CD25 up-regulation is not the only mechanism by which IL-12 increases clonal expansion of the cells. IL-2 and IL-12 both act to increase expression of both CD25 and the IL-12R, thus providing positive cross-regulation of receptor expression. These results suggest that when cross-priming dendritic cells present class I/Ag and costimulatory ligands, and produce IL-12, naive CD8 T cells will begin to produce IL-2 and both receptors will be optimally up-regulated to insure that an effective response is generated.
Use of Continuous Measurements of Integral Aerosol Parameters to Estimate Particle Surface Area (2001)

While surface area is one of the most important atmospheric aerosol properties in health effects, methods for online measurement of surface area are not widely available and/or require complex operations. In this paper, we describe an integrated measurement method that can continuously monitor the total surface area, as well as the total number and volume, of atmospheric aerosols. Three integral aerosol sensors - (i) a condensation particle counter (CPC) for number concentration measurement, (ii) a mass concentration monitor (MCM) for mass concentration measurement, and (iii) an electrical aerosol detector (EAD) for current measurement of charged aerosol - are used in this study. Signals from the three sensors are converted into a lognormal size distribution by minimizing the difference between the measured signals and the theoretical values based upon a size distribution model, the instrument calibration, and its theoretical responses. Results from a 20 day continuous sampling period show that the calculated total surface area from integrated measurement correlates well with that of particle sizing measurement. The calculated lognormal size distribution parameters between the two methods have similar values. These results suggest that the integrated measurement method is feasible to continuously measure total number, surface area, and volume concentrations. As the integrated measurement method can yield results in near real time, it can be used for online measurement of atmospheric aerosols.
Spatial mapping of the sensitivity function of magnetic recording heads using a magnetic force microscope as a local flux applicator (1992)

A technique for using a magnetic force microscope (MFM) as a local field source for mapping the sensitivity function of magnetic recording heads is described. The results obtained from applying this technique to both magnetoresistive and inductive recording heads are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Core level photoelectron spectroscopy on the lanthanide-induced hydrolysis of DNA (1996)

The electronic structures of the complexes of diphenyl phosphate (DPP), a model compound of DNA, with lanthanide ions have been investigated to shed light on the mechanism of the cerium (IV)-induced nonenzymatic hydrolysis of DNA. Binding energies of the P 2p core level of DPP were 134.2 eV for the complexes with La(III), Eu(III), and Lu(III), and was 134.4 eV for the Ce(IV) complex, when the metal/DPP molar ratio was 1:1. When the molar ratio was increased, only Ce(IV), the most active metal ion for DNA hydrolysis, showed a chemical shift of ∼0.5 eV toward the higher binding energy region. The chemical shift of ∼0.5 eV toward the higher binding energy region. The chemical shift was due to the systematic increase in the intensity of the higher binding energy component. The observed change in the electronic structure of the DPP-Ce(IV) complex may be related to the superb ability of Ce(IV) for the hydrolysis of DNA.
PIMBALL: Binary Neural Networks in Spintronic Memory (2018)

Neural networks span a wide range of applications of industrial and commercial significance. Binary neural networks (BNN) are particularly effective in trading accuracy for performance, energy efficiency or hardware/software complexity. Here, we introduce a spintronic, re-configurable in-memory BNN accelerator, PIMBALL: Processing In Memory BNN AcceL(L)erator, which allows for massively parallel and energy efficient computation. PIMBALL is capable of being used as a standard spintronic memory (STT-MRAM) array and a computational substrate simultaneously. We evaluate PIMBALL using multiple image classifiers and a genomics kernel. Our simulation results show that PIMBALL is more energy efficient than alternative CPU, GPU, and FPGA based implementations while delivering higher throughput.
A unifying look at clustering in mobile ad hoc networks: Research Articles (2004)

Newly diagnosed epilepsy is associated with high 5-year mortality among Medicare beneficiaries. Future studies that parse the interplay of effects from underlying disease, race, sex, and poverty on mortality will be critical in the design of learning health care systems to reduce premature deaths.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Nucleic Acid Analogues: Synthesis and Oligomerization of . gamma.,4‐Diamino‐2‐oxo‐1(2H)‐pyrimidinepentanoic Acid and δ,4‐ Diamino‐2‐oxo‐1(2H)‐pyrimidinehexanoic Acid. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
From the Crest to the Periphery: Control of Pigment Cell Migration and Lineage Segregation (1993)

Pigment cells are one of many cell types derived from the neural crest. This review focuses on the mechanisms that control the timing and pathways of migration of pigment cells into the epidermis and determinants that control the differentiation of pigment cells. Several factors may control the timing and pattern of pigment cell migration in the dorsolateral space including the loss of inhibitory molecules in the pathway, the appearance of chemotactic molecules emanating from the dispersing dermatome, and the differentiation of pigment cells, which may be the only neural crest derivative capable of utilizing the substratum found in the dorsolateral path. Control of pigment cell differentiation remains controversial. A working model presented in this review suggests that multipotent neural crest cells that disperse ventrally upon separation from the neural tube preserve neurogenic ability and lose melanogenic ability, whereas those cells that are arrested at the entrance to the dorsolateral path lose neurogenic ability so that the population becomes primarily melanogenic. During the time that the latter population is arrested in migration it is speculated that the neural crest cells are exposed to an environment comprised of specific extracellular matrix molecules and/or growth factors that enhance pigment cell differentiation.
Allegory: conceptual metaphor in history (2001)

Far from denying the importance of social contexts, a commitment to the existence of universal, human, mental properties deepens our understanding of such contexts by directing our attention to how they interact with such properties. One universal mental property appears to be the cognitively central role of metaphor. The study of the surface, linguistic or otherwise, manifestations of conceptual metaphor is important for its interaction with specific contexts. Allegory is one such surface manifestation. The study of western allegory should provide important insights into the roles of conceptual metaphor in western cultures. The concept of allegory as a sharply differentiated category dates from the late 18th century. The earlier rhetorical tradition saw allegory, correctly, as part of the natural continuum of metaphorical expression. The study of allegory as a discourse form reveals both a set of universal pragmatic constraints and the way in which these constraints are exploited by specific contexts to produce unique generic constructs such as that of Prudentian allegory.
Regional Focus: General Staff Issues under the National Spotlight (2009)

The increasingly precarious position of general staff working in the tertiary education sector, and especially the effect on members of the NTEU, came under the spotlight at the National Council meeting in Melbourne.
The Effects of Immunosuppressive and Anti-inflammatory Medications on Fertility, Pregnancy, and Lactation (2000)

Many rheumatic diseases affect women of childbearing age, and the medications used to treat these diseases may affect conception, pregnancy, fetal development, and lactation. Physicians who care for these women need to be aware of the potential adverse effects of these medications, and which medications can be used safely prior to conception and during pregnancy and lactation. Although reviews of individual classes of medications are available, there is no practical and comprehensive review that summarizes all of this information, and includes anticoagulant drugs and 2 recently approved drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. Women who take cytotoxic drugs should be informed of the risks of impaired fertility and congenital malformations, and must use effective methods of contraception. During pregnancy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents may be used until the last 6 weeks, and low to moderate doses of corticosteroids are safe throughout pregnancy. Among the disease-modifying agents, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine treatment may be maintained. Cytotoxic drugs may be used after the first trimester to treat life-threatening disease. During lactation, prednisone, sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine may be used cautiously. Women using heparin for treatment of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome should take measures to prevent bone loss. Men taking methotrexate, sulfasalazine, cyclosporine, azathioprine, or leflunomide should be apprised of the possibilities of infertility and teratogenicity.
The Vulnerabilities Analysis of Fuzzy Vault Using Password (2008)

Fingerprint is immutable and unchangeable. Thus, if it is disclosed, owner of fingerprint cannot use his fingerprint any longer. Fuzzy vault is a cryptographic framework that makes secure template storage to bind the template with a uniformly random key. In order to keep fuzzy vault secure, various schemes are studied using special data like password. K.Nandakumar proposed a scheme for hardening a fingerprint minutiae-based fuzzy vault using password. However, that scheme has vulnerabilities against several attacks. In this paper, we analyze vulnerabilities of K.Nandakumar¿s scheme and propose a new scheme which is secure against various attacks to fuzzy vaults.
Wet Aerobic Oxidation of Lignin into Aromatic Aldehydes Catalysed by a Perovskite-type Oxide: LaFe1-xCuxO3 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2) (2009)

The perovskite-type oxide catalyst LaFe(1-x)Cu(x)O(3 )(x=0, 0.1, 0.2) was prepared by the sol-gel method, and tested as a catalyst in the wet aerobic oxidation (WAO) of lignin into aromatic aldehydes. The lignin conversion and the yield of each aromatic aldehyde were significantly enhanced in the catalytic process, compared with the non-catalyzed process. Moreover, it was shown that the stability of activity and structure of LaFe(1-x)Cu(x)O(3 )(x=0, 0.1, 0.2) remained nearly unchanged after a series of successive recyclings of the catalytic reactions, indicating it was an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of lignin into aromatic aldehydes in the WAO process.
Bone sialoprotein in serum of patients with malignant bone diseases. (1997)

Bone sialoprotein (BS), a protein synthesized by osteoblasts and osteoclasts and highly modified posttranslationally, constitutes a predominant fraction of the noncollagenous organic matrix in human bone. We report an assessment of serum concentrations of BS in patients with malignant bone diseases. In patients with bone metastases (according to scintigraphic criteria), serum BS concentrations were greater than in patients without bone metastases (P <0.05). However, ROC curve analysis revealed that serum BS was inferior to serum bone alkaline phosphatase in discriminating between patients with and without bone metastases. Patients with bone metastases showed a weak correlation between serum BS concentrations and bone formation markers. Only "traditional" markers of bone formation-but not BS-were correlated with urinary deoxypyridinoline (P <0.01). Liver and kidney dysfunction had no significant influence on BS values in these patients (as assessed by analysis of variance; P >0.05). In multiple myeloma patients treated with corticosteroids and bisphosphonates, BS concentrations were lower than in tumor patients without bone metastases (P <0.001), and the correlation between BS concentrations and the number of bisphosphonate courses applied was significant (r = -0.578; P <0.05). In postmenopausal women, serum BS concentrations averaged 142% greater than in premenopausal women. Further studies should be done, therefore, to elucidate whether serum BS is able to predict high bone turnover after menopause.
Postoperative Analgesia by Intra-articular Neostigmine in Patients Undergoing Knee Arthroscopy  (1998)

Intra-articular injection of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine produced a moderate but significant analgesic effect. Several mechanisms such as the hyperpolarization of neurons, reduction in the release of pronociceptive neurotransmitters, or activation of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway might mediate this peripheral cholinergic antinociception by elevating endogenous acetylcholine.
Tendances démographiques récentes aux Pays-Bas (1972)

H J. Tendances démographiques récentes aux Pays-Bas. In: Population, 27ᵉ année, n°4-5, 1972. pp. 875-878.
DAMP Molecule S100A9 Acts as a Molecular Pattern to Enhance Inflammation during Influenza A Virus Infection: Role of DDX21-TRIF-TLR4-MyD88 Pathway (2014)

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) trigger host immune response by activating pattern recognition receptors like toll-like receptors (TLRs). However, the mechanism whereby several pathogens, including viruses, activate TLRs via a non-PAMP mechanism is unclear. Endogenous "inflammatory mediators" called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have been implicated in regulating immune response and inflammation. However, the role of DAMPs in inflammation/immunity during virus infection has not been studied. We have identified a DAMP molecule, S100A9 (also known as Calgranulin B or MRP-14), as an endogenous non-PAMP activator of TLR signaling during influenza A virus (IAV) infection. S100A9 was released from undamaged IAV-infected cells and extracellular S100A9 acted as a critical host-derived molecular pattern to regulate inflammatory response outcome and disease during infection by exaggerating pro-inflammatory response, cell-death and virus pathogenesis. Genetic studies showed that the DDX21-TRIF signaling pathway is required for S100A9 gene expression/production during infection. Furthermore, the inflammatory activity of extracellular S100A9 was mediated by activation of the TLR4-MyD88 pathway. Our studies have thus, underscored the role of a DAMP molecule (i.e. extracellular S100A9) in regulating virus-associated inflammation and uncovered a previously unknown function of the DDX21-TRIF-S100A9-TLR4-MyD88 signaling network in regulating inflammation during infection.
Synthesis and reactions of reduced flavones (1997)

The cycloadditions of a series of 4H-pyran-4-ones 3c–e with electron-rich dienes 11a,b to give reduced flavones 12 is described. The subsequent reactions of these reduced flavones with HCl, trifluoroacetic anhydride, ethyl anthranilate 19a and anthranilonitrile 19b is also described.
Microfluidic Diffusion Analysis of the Sizes and Interactions of Proteins under Native Solution Conditions (2015)

Characterizing the sizes and interactions of macromolecules under native conditions is a challenging problem in many areas of molecular sciences, which fundamentally arises from the polydisperse nature of biomolecular mixtures. Here, we describe a microfluidic platform for diffusional sizing based on monitoring micron-scale mass transport simultaneously in space and time. We show that the global analysis of such combined space-time data enables the hydrodynamic radii of individual species within mixtures to be determined directly by deconvoluting average signals into the contributions from the individual species. We demonstrate that the ability to perform rapid noninvasive sizing allows this method to be used to characterize interactions between biomolecules under native conditions. We illustrate the potential of the technique by implementing a single-step quantitative immunoassay that operates on a time scale of seconds and detects specific interactions between biomolecules within complex mixtures.
Bringing in the Experts (2008)

This study investigates the separate and joint effects of the inclusion of experts and collaborative planning on the performance of analytic teams. Teams either did or did not include members with expert-level task-relevant cognitive abilities, and either did or did not receive an intervention that fostered collaborative planning. Results support the authors' hypothesis that analytic performance requires both task-appropriate expertise and collaborative planning to identify strategies for optimally using that expertise. Indeed, high expertise in the absence of collaborative planning actually decreased team performance. Teams engaging in collaborative planning were more likely to effectively integrate their information on key aspects of the analytic problem, which significantly enhanced their analytic performance. Furthermore, information integration mediated the effects of the interaction of expertise and collaboration on performance. The implications of the findings for the optimal use of team member skills and the development of team performance strategies are discussed.
「참여정부」의 사립학교법 개정과정 분석: Allison Model의 적용을 중심으로 (2011)

이 연구는 Allison이 제시한 정책결정모형을 적용하여 참여정부의 사립학교법 개정과정에 대해 분석하였다. Allison은 과거에 논의된 정책결정과정에 대한 여러 가지 모형을 합리모형(ModelⅠ)과 조직모형(ModelⅡ)으로 대별하여 정리하고 제3의 모형으로 정치모형(ModelⅢ)을 제시하였다. 이에 기초하여 연구자는 참여정부의 사립학교법 개정과정을 Allison Model의 분석틀을 이용하여 어느 모형이 적용될 수 있는 지를 분석해 보았다. 분석결과는 조직관, 목표의 공유도, 정책결정의 양태, 정책결정의 일관성, 권력의 소재 등 모든 요소에서 정치모형(ModelⅢ)이 적용되는 것으로 분석되었다.
Top-resolution frequency analysis of electrocardiogram with adaptive frequency determination. Identification of late potentials in patients with coronary artery disease. (1990)

Frequency analysis of the electrocardiogram with Fourier transform is a sensitive method of detecting late potentials. However, information about localization of late potentials is lost, frequency resolution is poor, and window functions have to be applied. We therefore analyzed multiple segments (25 msec long) of the surface electrocardiogram ("spectrotemporal mapping") with adaptive frequency determination (AFD), an autoregressive algorithm that is characterized by high-frequency resolution in very short segments without the use of window functions. Results were compared with those from Fourier transform and the Simson method. We studied 38 patients after myocardial infarction (MI) with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), 21 patients after MI without VT, and 18 healthy subjects. Frequency peaks could be clearly differentiated until a minimal interval of 6 Hz; with fast Fourier transform (Blackman Harris window) in a much longer segment (80 msec), the spectral peaks merged into one another at an interval of about 30 Hz. AFD revealed high-frequency components as narrow peaks in the range of 40-160 Hz in 28 of 38 patients (74%) after MI with VT. Because of the short segment size, exact localization of late potentials was possible; in most of the patients, the peaks occurred in segments inside the QRS complex and ended 20 +/- 10 msec after termination of the QRS complex. In patients after MI without VT, only four of 21 patients (19%) had spectral peaks in segments after the end of the QRS complex; however, 13 of 21 patients demonstrated microvolt potentials in segments within the QRS complex. These potentials did not extend beyond the end of normal ventricular activation. Only two of 18 healthy subjects showed abnormal AFD results. Patients with bundle branch block did not need to be excluded. AFD allowed good differentiation between late potentials and noise by a characteristic pattern of the spectral peaks. For the Simson method, patients with bundle branch block had to be excluded, and overall sensitivity was 42%. In five cases, the cause of failure of the Simson method could be identified as incorrect determination of the QRS limits due to noise. Thus, AFD is a promising method for detailed analysis of late potentials; it combines the advantages of frequency analysis (good differentiation between signal and noise and high-pass filters not necessary) and time domain analysis (localization of late potentials).
Simulation of large ad hoc networks (2003)

This research was supported, in part, by the NCCR "Mobile Information and Communication Systems", a research program of the Swiss National Science Foundation, and by a gift from the Microprocessor Research Lab (MRL) of Intel Corp.An ad hoc network is formed by wireless mobile nodes (hosts) that operate as terminals as well as routers in the network, without any centralized administration. Research in ad hoc networks often involves simulators since management and operation of a large number of nodes is expensive. However, the widely used simulator NS-2 does not scale; it is very hard to simulate medium scale networks with 100+ nodes. We describe here improvements to NS-2 to meet the needs of large ad hoc network simulations. The modified NS-2 simulator is based on the idea of exploiting the limited interference of wireless communication. The modified simulator has simulated populations of up to 3000 nodes so far and works up to 30 times faster than the original version. We also discuss how the modified simulator is validated.