gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Engineering with Anhydride-Containing Oligomeric Cross-Linkers (2014)

Chemically cross-linked gelatin hydrogels are versatile cell-adhesive hydrogel materials that have been established for a variety of biomedical applications. The most prominent cross-linker is glutaraldehyde, which, however, has been described to cause compatibility problems and loss of microscopic but relevant structural features. A recently developed oligomeric cross-linker that contains anhydride functionalities was evaluated as cross-linker for the fabrication of gelatin-based hydrogels and microparticles. In a fast curing reaction, hydrogels composed of gelatin and oligomeric cross-linker were fabricated with good conversion over a wide concentration range of constituents and with cross-linkers of different anhydride contents. Hydrogel properties, such as dry weight and mechanics, could be controlled by hydrogel composition and rheological properties correlated to elastic moduli from 1 to 10 kPa. The gels were shown to be cytocompatible and promoted cell adhesion. In soft formulations, cells migrated into the hydrogel bulk. Gelatin microparticles prepared by a standard water-in-oil emulsion technique were also treated with the novel oligomers, and cross-linking degrees matching those obtained with glutaraldehyde were obtained. At the same time, fewer interparticular cross-links were observed. Fluorescein-derivatized cross-linkers yielded labeled microparticles in a concentration-dependent manner. The oligomeric cross-linkers are presented as an efficient and possibly more functional and compatible alternative to glutaraldehyde. The engineered hydrogel materials hold potential for various biomedical applications.
A new air-interface protocol for mobile packet data (1991)

Packet data services will be a vital component of a future digital trunked radio system. The air interface needed for mobile packet data will be very different from one optimised for speech. The author describes a new air-interface for packet data, which includes features specifically incorporated to enable low-cost hand-portable terminals to be manufactured. The protocol is used in the Cognito network presently being rolled-out in the UK, and will be used to deliver a two-way message paging service as well as other mobile data applications. The author concentrates on the radio protocol aspects of the system. >
Coniferous seedling survival: Poor survival may be due to physiological conditions associated with root-producing ability of planting stock (1955)

At least half of the more than 12 million coniferous seedlings planted in California during the past five years failed to survive their first summer in the field. Part of this failure can be related to factors such as rodents, livestock, and competing vegetation. On the other hand, there are many instances where the reason is not apparent; not even the long summer drought nor the high temperatures associated with California's Mediterranean-like climate are satisfactory explanations.
Performance of an Experimental Angle-Diversity Troposcatter System (1972)

Angle-diversity measurements on a 179-mi experimental tropospheric scatter radio link have been made from August 1970 through March 1971. The diversity configuration consisted of three elevation paths and one azimuthal path. Statistics on correlation coefficients, signal strengths, and outage performance are presented and interpreted. The choice of antenna pointing angle is considered and found to be lower for angle-diversity systems than for conventional systems. The presence of a long-term correlation advantage for angle diversity is noted and in a comparison of angle and conventional diversity the simpler angle diversity systems are shown to be as effective in providing outage protection as the conventional systems.
A nonlinear optical microscope based on double-clad photonic crystal fibers (2006)

Nonlinear optical microscopy by using nonlinear optical effects such as two-photon absorption and second harmonic generation (SHG) exhibits advantages of intrinsic sectioning ability, direct imaging of highly polarisable structures, and deep optical penetration. To achieve a compact and miniature microscope, flexible fiber-optic components such as optical fibers and optical fiber couplers are usually integrated into the imaging system to replace complicated bulk optics. More recently, the emergency of photonic crystal fibers (PCF) has been a renaissance of fundamental research and development on optical fibers. Several attractive properties of double-clad PCF, including a large mode area in the core for single-mode delivery and high N.A. in the inner cladding for signal collection, may add a new dimension in the conventional fiber-optic nonlinear microscopy
Nanodiamond imaging: molecular imaging with optically detected spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds (2013)

Nanodiamond imaging is a new molecular imaging modality that takes advantage of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in nanodiamonds to image the distribution of nanodiamonds within a living organism with high sensitivity and high resolution. Nanodiamond is a nontoxic material that is easily conjugated to biomolecules, such that the distribution of nanodiamond within a living organism can be used to elicit physiological information. Unlike the tracers used in other molecular imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), nanodiamonds are stable and thus allow longitudinal imaging of the same organism over a long time span. Unlike fluorescence-based molecular imaging that has a resolution degraded by photon scattering, the resolution of nanodiamond imaging is defined by the strength of a magnetic gradient. <br/> To form an image, a magnetic field-free region is created, such as exists halfway between two identical magnets with north poles facing each other. Optical excitation pumps the NVs into a bright fluorescence state, and microwaves transfer them to a dark state, but only for those NVs within the field-free region and resonant with the microwaves. By rastering the field-free region across the sample, the changes in fluorescence yield the nanodiamond concentration. Images of nanodiamond phantoms within chicken breast have been recorded with a prototype system. By modifying the nanodiamond particles and enhancing the imaging system, it should be possible to approach 100 μm resolution and to increase the sensitivity to a 10 nanomolar carbon concentration per root Hz in a mm<sup>3</sup> voxel.
The dilated slipped Banyan switching network architecture for use in an all-optical local-area network (1991)

A modification of the classical banyan switching network architecture, called the dilated slipped banyan, is described. This architecture is recursive and switching networks of any size perform permutation switching under a simple switching rule. They also exhibit column-control and dilation, properties that are particularly relevant to guided-wave and free-space photonic technologies. A photonic switching network, with this dilated slipped banyan architecture, is proposed as the hub of an all-optical active-star local-area network. The switching assignment at this hub is time-multiplexed on a fixed schedule that is known to all the terminals. This all-optical local-area network provides the equivalent of full-connectivity with high simultaneous data rates between every pair of terminals. A 16-terminal local-area network with 100 Mb/s of contention-free bandwidth between every pair of terminals is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Micromechanical Resonant Displacement Gain Stages (2009)

Micromechanical resonant displacement gain stages have been demonstrated that employ directionally engineered stiffnesses in resonant structures to effect displacement amplification from a driven input axis to an output axis. Specifically, the introduction of slots along the output axis of a 53-MHz wine-glass mode disk resonator structure realizes a single gain stage with a measured input-to-output displacement amplification of 3.08 x. Multiple such mechanical displacement gain stages can then be cascaded in series via half-wavelength beam couplers to achieve multiplicative gain factors; e.g., two cascaded gain stages achieve a total measured gain of 7.94 x. The devices have also been operated as resonant switches, where displacement gain allows impact switching via actuation voltages of only 400 mV, which is 6 x smaller than for previous reso switches without displacement gain. The availability of such high frequency displacement gain strategies for resonant switches may soon allow purely mechanical periodic switching applications (such as power amplifiers and power converters) with much higher efficiencies than current transistor-based versions.
A phase I trial of carboxyamido-triazole and paclitaxel for relapsed solid tumors: potential efficacy of the combination and demonstration of pharmacokinetic interaction. (2001)

The sequential combination of CAI and PAX is well tolerated, and the activity observed suggests that further study of the combination is warranted.
The Innovative Application of Learning Companions in Chronicles of Singapura (2013)

The Chronicles of Singapura (CoS) is a learning companion augmented virtual world designed for lower secondary school students to learn the transport systems in plants. Two types of learning companions, (1) the curious companion and (2) the remembrance companion, have been incorporated. Up to date, CoS has been deployed in two local secondary schools in Singapore and involved over 500 students in its studies. To our best knowledge, this is the rst work to investigate a learning companion augmented virtual world as a learning environment in such a large scale. Results collected from the eld studies have demonstrated the advantages of this type of systems in enhancing students’ learning experiences.
Optical Tolerances for Alignment and Image Differences for Binocular Helmet-Mounted Displays (1986)

Reviews the literature on optical alignment and image difference tolerances for binocular devices. Tolerances for vertical and horizontal misalignment and for rotation, magnification and luminance differences are recommended. Recommendations are made for collimation tolerance and for eye relief and exit pupil diameter for helmet-mounted binocular displays. Formulas are derived for magnification difference tolerances for partially and totally overlapping fields of view.
Autocitrullination of human peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 regulates protein citrullination during cell activation (2010)

Our findings suggest that autocitrullination regulates the production of citrullinated proteins during cell activation, and that this is affected by structural polymorphisms in PAD-4. Autocitrullination also influences PAD-4 structure and immune response.
Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of new kojic acid derivatives (2011)

A series of new 3-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-2-substituted 4H-pyran-4-one derivatives were synthesized as potential anticonvulsant compounds. Mannich compounds were prepared by the reaction of appropriate substituted piperazine derivatives with kojic acid and formaline. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed using the elementary analysis results and spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H-NMR and ESI-MS. Anticonvulsant activities of the synthesized compounds were examined by maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous Metrazol (scMet) induced seizure tests. Neurotoxicity was determined by the rotorod toxicity test. All these tests were performed according to procedures of the Antiepileptic Drug Development (ADD) program. According to the activity studies, 2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-3-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-4H-pyran-4-one (compound 11) against MES seizures and 3-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-4H-pyran-4-one (compound 7) against scMet seizures were determined to be the most active compounds at all doses without neurotoxicity.
<i>In vitro</i> fermentation of cereal dietary fibre carbohydrates by probiotic and intestinal bacteria (2002)

Abstract A range of probiotic and other intestinal bacteria were examined for their ability to ferment the dietary fibre carbohydrates β‐glucan, xylan, xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS) and arabinoxylan. β‐Glucan was fermented by Bacteroides spp and Clostridium beijerinckii but was not fermented by lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, enterococci or Escherichia coli . Unsubstituted xylan was not fermented by any of the probiotic bacteria examined. However, many Bifidobacterium species and Lactobacillus brevis were able to grow to high yields using XOS. XOS were also efficiently fermented by some Bacteroides isolates but not by E coli , enterococci, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens or by the majority of intestinal Lactobacillus species examined. Bifidobacterium longum strains were able to grow well using arabinoxylan as the sole carbon source. These organisms hydrolysed and fermented the arabinosyl residues from arabinoxylan but did not substantially utilise the xylan backbone of the polysaccharide. Arabinoxylan was not fermented by lactobacilli, enterococci, E coli, C perfringens or C difficile and has potential to be an applicable carbohydrate to complement probiotic Bif longum strains in synbiotic combinations. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
On the morphology of porous silicon layers obtained by an electrochemical method (2002)

Porous silicon obtained in different electrochemical conditions was investigated by optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This paper includes an analysis of the SEM micrographs with evaluation of the pores' size, thickness and the etch rate of the porous silicon layer.
Generating explanations and tutorial problems from Bayesian networks. (1994)

We present a system that generates explanations and tutorial problems from the probabilistic information contained in Bayesian belief networks. BANTER is a tool for high-level interaction with any Bayesian network whose nodes can be classified as hypotheses, observations, and diagnostic procedures. Users need no knowledge of Bayesian networks, only familiarity with the particular domain and an elementary understanding of probability. Users can query the knowledge base, identify optimal diagnostic procedures, and request explanations. We describe BANTER's algorithms and illustrate its application to an existing medical model.
<title>Color filter arrays based on mutually exclusive blue noise patterns</title> (1998)

The ordered color filter arrays (CFA) used in single sensor, color digital still cameras introduce distracting color artifacts. These artifacts are due to the phase shifted, aliased signals introduced by the sparse sampling by the CFAs. This work reports the results of an investigation on the possibility of using random patterns as a CFA for single sensor, digital still cameras. From a single blue noise mask pattern, three mutually exclusive, random CFAs are constructed representing the red, green, and blue color filters. An edge adaptive method consisting of missing-pixel edge detection and boundary sensitive interpolation is employed to reconstruct the entire image. Experiments have shown that the random CFA alleviates the problem of the low-frequency color banding associated with ordered arrays. This method also has the advantage of better preserving color free, sharp neutral edges, and results in less deviation from neutral on high frequency, monochrome information.
Ueber das Phosphazobenzolchlorid und dessen Derivate (1894)

Da manchmal die erhaltenen Oele die
On the controller placement for designing a distributed SDN control layer (2014)

The software-defined network (SDN) advocates a centralized network control, where a controller manages a network from a global view of the network. Large SDN networks may consist of multiple controllers or controller domains that distribute the network management between them, where each controller has a logically centralized but physically distributed vision of the network. In this context, a key challenge faced by providers is to define a scalable control network that exploits the benefits of SDN when used in conjunction with efficient management strategies. Most of the control layer models proposed are not concerned with controller scalability, because they assume that commercial controllers are scalable in terms of capacity (quantity of flows processed per second). However, it has been demonstrated that overloads and long propagation delays among controllers and controllers-switches can lead to a long response time of the controllers, affecting their ability to respond to network events in a very short time and reducing the reliability of communication. In this work we define the principles for designing a scalable control layer for SDN, and show the desired control layer characteristics that optimize the management of the network. We address these principles from the perspective of the controller placement problem. For this purpose we improve and evaluate our previous approach, the algorithm called k-Critical. K-Critical discovers the minimum number of controllers and their location to create a robust control topology that deals robustly with failures and balances the load among the selected controllers. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution by comparing it with other controller placement solutions.
Microwave Treatment of Oil Contaminated Drill Cuttings – Towards a Commercial Scale System (2010)

Abstract The paper presents results from a novel continuous, pilot scale microwave treatment process for the treatment of contaminated drill cuttings at a processing rate of 500 kg/hr. The requirements of a commercial scale system are outlined, and the necessary scale-up challenges are highlighted. The process has been developed for the remediation of contaminated drill cuttings at source, i.e. on offshore oil platforms of remote installations, with minimal demand for utilities and a very small footprint. The process separates the contaminant oil from the drill cuttings, leading to an inert solid material and an oil product that can be reused within the mud system. The process can remediate the cuttings to below 0.1% oil. The unique heating mechanisms obtained using microwave treatment mean that the recovered oil is not degraded as is the case with conventional thermal desorption or mechanical processes. The energy requirements are of the order of 100 kWh per tonne of cuttings treated, significantly lower than current technologies. This process could replace ship-to-shore practices for drill cuttings treatment, and provide a remediation option with a significantly lower energy requirement and CO2 footprint than existing technologies.
Reconfigurable Linear Optical FM Discriminator (2012)

We present a reconfigurable optical discriminator filter for frequency modulated microwave-photonics link applications. The filter is based on a simplified ring-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration. It enables conversion of a highly linear frequency to amplitude modulation. Operations in a fixed bandwidth (BW) of 30 GHz and a tunable bandwidth from 10 to 30 GHz are achieved using third- and fifth-order filters. A balanced frequency discrimination architecture with electronically reconfigurable transfer characteristics is demonstrated. We measured a output-third order intercept point (OIP3) linearity improvement over that of a dual-output Mach-Zehnder.
Recommendation Statements Identification in Clinical Practice Guidelines Using Heuristic Patterns (2018)

Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are considered as an effective tool to improve and standardize healthcare. A number of organizations are developing and maintaining clinical guidelines to provide state of the art healthcare services. However, the guidelines contain background information along with disease specific information which tends to create difficulties in using it during actual practice as well as in transforming it into a machine interpretable format. The most relevant information needs to be isolated from irrelevant information. In this study, we proposed a methodology that separates relevant information known as recommendation statements from irrelevant information by using heuristic patterns. We have extracted 10 patterns in a semi-automatic manner from hypertension guideline and evaluated the extracted patterns for identifying recommendation statements in the guideline and achieved 85.54% accuracy. These extracted patterns facilitate domain expert to get disease specific information in real time during the clinical workflow. Moreover, it can also work as a preprocessing step during the transformation of guideline to computer interpretable models.
Endogenous cardiotonic steroids: clinical perspectives (2008)

Several endogenous digitalis-like cardiotonic steroids (CTS) have been identified in humans, including endogenous ouabain, a cardenolide, and marinobufagenin which belongs to a class of bufadienolides. The main function of CTS is maintenance of sodium homeostasis and regulation of natriuretic function. Endogenous cardiotonic steroids bind to the Na/K-ATPase and exhibit two kinds of effects, inhibition of transmembrane transport of monovalent cations, and induction of a complex cascade of cell signaling. In Dahl salt-sensitive rats with NaCl-induced hypertension, endogenous ouabain, acting as a neurohormone stimulates adrenocortical marinobufagenin, which raises blood pressure via inhibition of vascular Na/K-ATPase. In a subgroup of hypertensive subjects, which possess a polymorphism of alpha-adducin gene, elevated levels of endogenous ouabain activate renotubular Na/K-ATPase and induce renal sodium retention. Elevated levels of CTS also contribute to pathogenesis of congestive heart failure, preeclampsia, and diabetes mellitus. The approaches to pharmacological antagonism of the effects of CTS include blockade of CTS receptor site on the Na/K-ATPase, immunoneutralization, and interactions at the levels of Na/K-ATPase phosphorylation/dephosphorylation by protein kinases С and G.
Phase Diagram of the System BaO‐Fe <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1960)

The phase diagram of the system BaO‐Fe 2 0 3 was determined by X‐ray diffraction, melting‐point measurement, and microscopic methods. Since the reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ was observed by chemical analysis in the samples heated at high temperature, especially in molten samples, the samples were heated at 1 atmosphere pressure of oxygen in the temperature region in which the liquid was in equilibrium; 1 atmosphere pressure of oxygen was su5cient to restrain the reduction of Fe 3+ . In the temperature region of solid‐solid equilibrium, the dissociation was not observed even when the samples were heated in air. BaO ‐ 6Fe 2 O 3 formed a solid solution with BaO.Fe 2 0 3 . The BaO:Fe 2 0 3 ratio of the solid solution was BaO.4.5Fe 2 0 3 at 1350°C. and BaO. 5.0Fe 2 0 a at 800°C. The precipitation micro‐structures of each primary solid solution were observed.