gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and protein kinase C pathways on the response of isolated rat osteoclasts to calcitonin (1992)

Calcitonin (CT) activates both the cAMP and the protein kinase C (PKC) pathways in the kidney cell line LLC-PK1. Although CT also activates cAMP in osteoclasts, its effects on PKC in this cell type are unknown. In order to determine whether the response of osteoclasts to CT also involves the PKC pathway, the effects of activators and inhibitors of PKC on bone resorption and cell surface area were analyzed in isolated rat osteoclasts. As expected, CT inhibited in a dose-dependent manner bone resorption by rat osteoclasts cultured for 24 h on devitalized bovine bone slices and this effect could be mimicked by cAMP. The inhibitory effect of CT could however also be mimicked by phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) and blocked by the PKC inhibitor sphingosine, as well as by the less specific inhibitors H7 and H8, none of which had detectable effects in the absence of CT. No changes in the number of attached osteoclasts were observed under any of these conditions. These results indicate that CT activates PKC in osteoclasts and that this activation, like the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, leads to an inhibition of bone resorption. Quantitative time-lapse videomicroscopy showed that the CT-induced retraction of osteoclasts also involved activation of the PKC pathway and could therefore be induced by phorbol esters. In contrast, (Bu)2 cAMP (1-200 microM) failed to induce rapid cell retraction. It is concluded that, in osteoclasts, CT receptors are coupled to both the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the PKC pathways. Although these two second messengers can have additive inhibitory effects on bone resorption, only activation of the PKC pathway induces rapid cell retraction. These two effects of calcitonin on osteoclasts are therefore independent and may be functionally unrelated.
Robotic motion compensation for respiratory movement during radiosurgery (2000)

Tumors in the chest and abdomen move during respiration. The ability of conventional radiation therapy systems to compensate for respiratory motion by moving the radiation source is inherently limited. Since safety margins currently used in radiation therapy increase the radiation dose by a very large amount, an accurate tracking method for following the motion of the tumor is of the utmost clinical relevance. We investigate methods to compensate for respiratory motion using robotic radiosurgery. Thus, the therapeutic beam is moved by a robotic arm, and follows the moving target tumor. To determine the precise position of the moving target, we combine infrared tracking with synchronized X-ray imaging. Infrared emitters are used to record the motion of the patient's skin surface. A stereo X-ray imaging system provides information about the location of internal markers. During an initialization phase (prior to treatment), the correlation between the motions observed by the two sensors (X-ray imaging and infrared tracking) is computed. This model is also continuously updated during treatment to compensate for other, non-respiratory motion. Experiments and clinical trials suggest that robot-based methods can substantially reduce the safety margins currently needed in radiation therapy.
Genetic control of fungal differentiation: The three sporulation pathways of <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (1993)

Sporulation in the mold Neurospora crassa can proceed along three very different pathways, leading to the production of three types of spores. Two asexual sporulation pathways that lead to the formation of macroconidia and microconidia involve budding from hyphae by two different mechanisms. A much more complex sexual reproductive pathway involves the formation of a fruiting body called a perithecium, in which meiosis takes place and ascospores are formed in sac-like cells called asci. Numerous mutations exist that affect these developmental pathways and genes have been isolated that are expressed preferentially during sporulation. The Neurospora sporulation pathways offer a simple system with which to study mechanisms and regulation of development that are usually obscured by complex cell-cell interactions involved in animal and plant development.
[Second-line chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer]. (2005)

Although TJ therapy is a standard modality for the initial treatment of ovarian cancer, 60% or more of the patients require second-line chemotherapy. It is difficult to obtain a complete cure for recurrent ovarian cancer, and every attending physician is therefore required to be familiar with chemotherapy and palliative medicine. When patients are classified as having sensitive recurrent or resistant recurrent tumors, repeated chemotherapy, mainly with TJ in combination with platinum therapy for sensitive recurrent tumors, is recommended. Because a response rate of 60% or more and survival for 20 months or more can be expected, therapy that actively aims at prolongation of survival is recommended for the sensitive recurrent tumors. On the other hand, some drug that has no cross resistance with TJ therapy should be selected for resistant tumors. However, the response rate is only about 12-32%, and the survival duration is about 8 months, requiring more careful measures as palliative medicine.
A Synthesis of 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-Octahydro-2-oxoindolo[2,3-a] quinolizine<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis of 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-Octahydro-2-oxoindolo[2,3-a] quinolizine1K. T. Potts and I. D. NasriCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 11, 3407–3410Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01034a506https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01034a506research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Offline telepathology diagnosis of colorectal polyps: a study of interobserver agreement and comparison with glass slide diagnoses (2002)

Offline telepathology has the potential to be a primary diagnostic medium for routine histopathology with a high degree of reproducibility and short diagnosis times. Further studies are required to validate offline telepathology for different types of specimens and different operators of the image capture system.
Non-intrusive virtualization management using libvirt (2010)

The success of server virtualization has let to the deployment of a huge number of virtual machines in today's data centers, making a manual virtualization management very labor-intensive. The development of appropriate management solutions is hindered by the various management interfaces of different hypervisors. Therefore, a uniform management can be simplified by a layer abstracting from these dedicated hypervisor interfaces. The libvirt management library provides such an interface to different hypervisors. Unfortunately, remote hypervisor management using libvirt has not been possible without altering the managed servers. To overcome this limitation, we have integrated remote hypervisor management facilities into the libvirt driver infrastructure for VMware ESX and Microsoft Hyper-V. This paper presents the resulting architecture as well as experiences gained during the implementation process.
Biodegradation and Drug Release of Chitosan Gel Beads in Subcutaneous Air Pouches of Mice. (2001)

Chitosan (CS) gel beads were prepared in 10% amino acid solution (pH 9) and implanted into air pouches (AP) prepared subcutaneously on the dorsal surface of mice. No inflammatory response was observed, and degradation of the beads in the AP increased as their degree of deacetylation decreased. Degradation could be altered by changing the nature of the CS or by increasing the CS concentration. The release of prednisolone (PS) in vivo from CS gel beads was similar to the release in vitro. When a suspension of PS was injected into the AP, the PS had almost completely disappeared 24 h after injection. Retention of PS in the AP was not increased by using a viscous CS solution. Alginate (Alg) gel beads, which were not degraded, released PS slowly into the AP over 3d. The in vitro release profile of PS using 1% CS (deacetylation: 70% (7B) and 80% (8B)) and 1.5% CS (deacetylation: 90% (9B)) gel beads was similar to that with Alg gel beads. However, the in vivo release of PS was affected by the degradability of the gel beads. CS7B and 8B (1%) gel beads had released PS into the AP earlier than 3 d according to their rate of degradation. CS9B (1.5%) gel beads were not degraded after 3 d and went on to release PS into the AP for 3 d similar to the release profile of Alg gel beads. CS9B (2%) gel beads were also not degraded after 3 d and the release of PS from these beads into the AP was sustained; 76% and 27% of administered PS remained in the gel beads after 1 and 3 d, respectively. Therefore, degradation and drug release of CS gel beads can be controlled by changing the structure of the gel matrix, which appears to make these beads a promising biodegradable vehicle for sustained drug delivery.
Comparative analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis in separating Escherichia coli uidA amplicons differing in single base substitutions (2000)

A set of Escherichia coli freshwater isolates was chosen to compare the effectiveness of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) vs temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) for separating homologous amplicons from the respective uidA region differing in one to seven single base substitutions. Both methods revealed congruent results but DGGE showed a five to eight times higher spatial separation of the uidA amplicons as compared with TTGE, although the experiments were performed at comparable denaturing gradients. In contrast to TTGE, DGGE displayed clear and focused bands. The results strongly indicated a significantly higher discrimination efficiency of the spatial chemical denaturing gradient as compared with the temporal temperature denaturing gradient for separating the uidA amplicons. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis proved to be highly efficient in the differentiation of E. coli uidA sequence types.
Determining the Temporal Profile of Intracranial Pressure Changes Following Transient Stroke in an Ovine Model (2019)

We have successfully developed a survival model of ovine tMCAO and characterized the temporal profile of ICP. Peak ICP elevation, cerebral edema and midline shift occurred at days 5-6 following stroke, accompanied by an elevation in serum SP. Our findings suggest that novel therapeutic agents screened in this model targeting cerebral edema and elevated ICP would most likely be effective when administered prior to 5 days, or as early as possible following stroke onset.
Differentiation of Closely Related Isomers: Application of Data Mining Techniques in Conjunction with Variable Wavelength Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Glucose-Containing Disaccharide Ions (2011)

Data mining algorithms have been used to analyze the infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) patterns of gas-phase lithiated disaccharide isomers irradiated with either a line-tunable CO(2) laser or a free electron laser (FEL). The IR fragmentation patterns over the wavelength range of 9.2-10.6 μm have been shown in earlier work to correlate uniquely with the asymmetry at the anomeric carbon in each disaccharide. Application of data mining approaches for data analysis allowed unambiguous determination of the anomeric carbon configurations for each disaccharide isomer pair using fragmentation data at a single wavelength. In addition, the linkage positions were easily assigned. This combination of wavelength-selective IRMPD and data mining offers a powerful and convenient tool for differentiation of structurally closely related isomers, including those of gas-phase carbohydrate complexes.
The control of glycogen metabolism in the liver (1970)

President Roosevelt thanks Ambassador Azpíroz for Dr. Hernandez's book and asks him to extend his appreciation to Dr. Hernandez.
Extreme-Value Search and General Selection Algorithms for Fully Parallel Associative Memories (1996)

Several useful associative memory algorithms deal with identifying extreme values (maximum or minimum) in a specified field of a selected subset of words. Previously proposed algorithms for such extreme-value searches are bit-sequential in nature, even when implemented on fully parallel associative memories. We show how multiple-bit search capability of a fully parallel associative memory can be used to advantage in reducing the expected search time for finding extreme values. The idea is to search for the all-ones pattern within subfields of the specified search field in lieu of, or prior to, examining bit slices one at a time. Optimal subfield length is determined for both fixed-size and variable-size bit groupings and the corresponding reduction in search time is quantified. The results are extended to rank-based selection where the jth largest or smallest value in a given field of a selected subset of words is to be identified. We conclude that significant reduction in the number of search cycles is possible in most practical extreme-value search and selection problems.
Employing L-Lactic Acid Powder in the Preparation of a Dry “Acid Concentrate” for use in a Bicarbonate-Based Dialysis Solution-Generating System: Experience in Hemodialysis Patients (1994)

By replacing the liquid acetic acid present in the "acid concentrate" of a bicarbonate-based dialysis solution-generating system with an equimolar amount of solid L-lactic acid and by using the dry forms of the remaining constituents, we were able to create a dry "acid concentrate" just prior to use, and successfully employed this "acid concentrate" to produce a bicarbonate-based solution to hemodialyze patients.
Promoter and expression studies on an <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> dehydrin gene (1996)

A genomic clone of a group 2 lea/rab/dehydrin gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, Xero2/lti30, was cloned and sequenced. Promoter-GUS fusions were introduced into plants to analyse the promoter and determine expression patterns. Using root cultures, GUS expression was found to be moderately stimulated by abscisic acid (ABA), wounding, cold and dehydration. Results with an ABA-deficient mutant suggested endogenous ABA is required for these responses. Promoter deletion studies indicated multiple cis-acting elements are involved in the induction of the gene. GUS expression occurred in desiccated seeds, in all tissues of young seedlings and in roots (with the exception of the root tip), desiccated pollen grains, trichomes and the vascular tissues of leaves and stems in mature plants.
Attenuated pain responses in mice lacking Ca<sub>V</sub>3.2 T‐type channels (2006)

Although T-type Ca(2+) channels are implicated in nociception, the function of specific subtypes has not been well defined. Here, we compared pain susceptibility in mice lacking Ca(V)3.2 subtype of T-type Ca(2+) channels (Ca(V)3.2(-/-)) with wild-type littermates in various behavioral models of pain to explore the roles of Ca(V)3.2 in the processing of noxious stimuli in vivo. In acute mechanical, thermal and chemical pain tests, Ca(V)3.2(-/-) mice showed decreased pain responses compared to wild-type mice. Ca(V)3.2(-/-) mice also displayed attenuated pain responses to tonic noxious stimuli such as intraperitoneal injections of irritant agents and intradermal injections of formalin. In spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain, however, behavioral responses of Ca(V)3.2(-/-) mice were not different from those of wild-type mice. The present study reveals that the Ca(V)3.2 subtype of T-type Ca(2+) channels are important in the peripheral processing of noxious signals, regardless of modality, duration or affected tissue type.
Bispecific Abs against modified protein and DNA with oxidized lipids (2006)

4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a racemic mixture of 4R- and 4S-enantiomers, is a major product of lipid peroxidation and is believed to be largely responsible for the cytopathological effects observed during oxidative stress. HNE reacts with histidine to form a stable HNE-histidine Michael addition-type adduct possessing three chiral centers in the cyclic hemiacetal structure. We have previously raised the mAbs, anti-R mAb 310 and anti-S mAb S412, that enantioselectively recognized the R-HNE-histidine and R-HNE-histidine adducts, respectively, and demonstrated the presence of both epitopes in vivo. In the present study, to further investigate the anti-HNE immune response, we analyzed the variable genes and primary structure of these Abs and found that the sequence of R310 was highly homologous to anti-DNA autoantibodies, the hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus. An x-ray crystallographic analysis of the R310 Fab fragment showed that the R-HNE-histidine adduct binds to a hydrophobic pocket in the antigen-binding site. Despite the structural identity to the anti-DNA autoantibodies, however, R310 showed only a slight crossreactivity with the native double-stranded DNA, whereas the Ab immunoreactivity was dramatically enhanced by the treatment of the DNA with 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE), an analog of HNE. Moreover, the 7-(2-oxo-heptyl)-substituted 1,N2-etheno-type ONE-2'-deoxynucleoside adducts were identified as alternative epitopes of R310. Molecular mimicry between the R-HNE-histidine configurational isomers and the ONE-DNA base adducts is proposed for the dual crossreactivity.
Aerodynamic Tests on Centrifugal Process Compressors—the Influence of the Vaneless Diffusor Shape (1983)

Shop performance tests were conducted on a four-stage industrial centrifugal compressor. The first stage consisted of a radial plenum inlet, an open inducer type impeller with high hub/tip ratio and radial exit blades, a short vaneless diffuser, and a scroll including a conical diffuser. These stages with high flow coefficients and high tip speed Mach numbers are sometimes used as a first stage with multistage process compressors to increase the volumetric capacity of the given casing and reduce the number of stages. We have four versions of the vaneless diffuser with a radius ratio of 1.46: wide parallel walled, narrow parallel walled, constant area tapered, and reduced area tapered. The influence of these modifications was tested within a tip speed Mach number range of 0.94 to 1.07. Improvement of turn-down was obtained by narrowing and tapering. But the two extremely narrow diffusers reduced the rated point efficiencies beyond acceptable limits. The wide parallel walled diffuser has the highest efficiency and the most unfavorable surge, whereas the constant area diffuser achieved 10 percent better surge without practically any detrimental effects on efficiency.
Organic agriculture requires process rather than product evaluation of novel breeding techniques (2007)

In organic agriculture the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is banned. Recently, two novel breeding techniques have been developed, i.e., cisgenesis and reverse breeding, both of which are based on gene technology but should raise less moral concerns from the public. Whether the products of these breeding processes are classified as GMOs depends on the interpretation of the relevant EU regulations. In cisgenic plants, the genes introduced through genetic modification are from a crossable donor plant so that the source of the genes is considered to be of the same nature. In reverse breeding, the recombinant genes, essential to the breeding process, are no longer present in the product resulting from the entire breeding process, and thus the product as such is not transgenic. Should varieties obtained through cisgenesis or reverse breeding be allowed in organic agriculture? The answer to this question depends on whether the product or the process of breeding is taken into account. Assessment based on the product implies a choice of an ethical approach that only considers the extrinsic consequences of human action by making a risk-benefit analysis. It neglects so-called intrinsic, ethical arguments related to the applied technology (the process] itself. The organic movement uses the intrinsic argument of 'unnaturalness' against genetic engineering. We therefore conclude that products of cisgenesis and reverse breeding should be subject to the current GMO-regulations in organic agriculture and should thus be banned from organic agriculture.
A fibre optic distributed sensor system for condition monitoring of synthetic ropes (1997)

Reliability of the measuring devices is very important problem. Optical fibre sensors are very efficient. The use of optical fibre sensors for monitoring the physical and chemical parameters has been expanding over resent years. These sensors are applied for monitoring the structural integrity of long, parallel lay synthetic ropes. Such ropes are corrosion free, however, their operational lifetime under cyclic load is not well understood and premature failure can occur due to slippage and breakage of yarns within the rope. The monitoring system has been proposed which is based on acoustic detection of yarn breakage. Monitoring the strain and temperature is performed using the array of fibre gratings distributed along the rope length.
Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Preoperative Liver Optimization with Multidisciplinary Approach. Toward a Better Outcome (2013)

Klatskin tumor remains a disease associated with poor prognosis, but a correct preoperative diagnostic and therapeutic management provides tools to perform this type of surgery with acceptable morbidity and mortality, thus improving long-term results.
Dioxolanones as synthetic intermediates. Part 2. Synthesis of tetronic acids and pulvinones (1984)

The utility of 1,3-dioxolan-4-ones as intermediates in the synthesis of tetronic acids is examined. The reaction of dioxolanone (1) with lithium enolates of 2-substituted methyl or t-butyl acetates at –78 °C in tetrahydrofuran afforded a general synthesis of 2-substituted tetronic acids (3)–(8). Treatment of (1) with the anions of 2-substituted acetonitriles led to formation of the corresponding 3-substituted-2-aminofuran-4(5H)-ones (13) and (14).A route to unsymmetrically substituted pulvinones by reaction of 5-arylidene-2,2-pentamethylene-1,3-dioxolan-4-ones [5′-arylidenecyclohexanespiro-2′(1′,3′-dioxolan)-4′-ones] with appropriately substituted phenylacetic ester anions has been devised. Thus, the preparation of the naturally occurring pigment 3′,4′,4-trihydroxypulvinone (18) was achieved via an intermediate in which the phenolic groups were protected as benzyl ethers. The dioxolanone (26) has been used in the preparation of 2-acyl-4-benzylidenetetronic acids.