gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Massive parallel assembly of microbeads for fabrication of microtools having spherical structure and powerful laser manipulation (2010)

Production of functional microtools having an arbitrary shape by self-assembly of microparticles and heat treatment above the glass transition temperature of the microparticles was developed. Polystyrene microbeads were used as a material of the microtool. A solution including microparticles was dispersed onto the silicon substrate having microtool patterns fabricated by photolithography and etching. Dispersed particles were introduced to the pattern by gravity force. Microparticles in the pattern aggregate autonomously by surface tension through evaporation of the solution. Aggregated microparticles were fused by heating above the glass transition temperature (100 Celsius degrees). Fused microparticles were detached from the pattern by ultrasonic treatment and used as microtools. Produced microtool has spherical part since the microtool is made of microparticles. Spherical part is suitable for trapping point of optical tweezers. We demonstrated production of microtools using self-assembly and manipulation of the fabricated microtool on a chip. Position and attitude accuracy of the fabricated microtool controlled by TSS were evaluated by image processing. Finally, the transport speed of the fabricated microtool was compared with that of the photofabricated microtool. We confirmed the improvement of the transport speed and the effectiveness of our proposed microtool.
The Effect of Charge at the Surface of Silver Nanoparticles on Antimicrobial Activity against Gram‐Positive and Gram‐Negative Bacteria: A Preliminary Study (2015)

The bactericidal efficiency of various positively and negatively charged silver nanoparticles has been extensively evaluated in literature, but there is no report on efficacy of neutrally charged silver nanoparticles. The goal of this study is to evaluate the role of electrical charge at the surface of silver nanoparticles on antibacterial activity against a panel of microorganisms. Three different silver nanoparticles were synthesized by different methods, providing three different electrical surface charges (positive, neutral, and negative). The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was tested against gram‐positive (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus mutans , and Streptococcus pyogenes ) and gram‐negative (i.e., Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris ) bacteria. Well diffusion and micro‐dilution tests were used to evaluate the bactericidal activity of the nanoparticles. According to the obtained results, the positively‐charged silver nanoparticles showed the highest bactericidal activity against all microorganisms tested. The negatively charged silver nanoparticles had the least and the neutral nanoparticles had intermediate antibacterial activity. The most resistant bacteria were Proteus vulgaris . We found that the surface charge of the silver nanoparticles was a significant factor affecting bactericidal activity on these surfaces. Although the positively charged nanoparticles showed the highest level of effectiveness against the organisms tested, the neutrally charged particles were also potent against most bacterial species.
Autoantibodies against cytoplasmic structures of neutrophil granulocytes in Wegener's granulomatosis. (1987)

Autoantibodies against cytoplasmic components of neutrophil granulocytes (ACPA) were detected in 18 of 32 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), but in none of the controls (n = 900), including patients with glomerulonephritis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, polyarteritis nodosa, and connective tissue diseases, and healthy blood donors. The presence and, to a lesser extent, the titre of ACPA correlated with the severity and activity of the disease. ACPA could be detected in only three of 11 patients with the limited form of the disease and in none in complete remission. In contrast, in all patients with active extensive disease, ACPA were present in a higher titre, and in most of the patients in partial remission (eight of 12) antibodies were demonstrable, especially in those with frequent relapses. Furthermore, the antibody titre correlated significantly with the C-reactive protein concentration (P less than 0.05), but with none of the other laboratory parameters. In conclusion, ACPA have proven to be a highly specific disease marker of great clinical significance that provides us with a useful tool to confirm, or even establish. the diagnosis of WG.
“不朽的恋人”之謎(续完) (1990)

他听从马尔法蒂医生的指示前往特浦利济,于1811年8月初到达,作伴的是他的好朋友和赞助者法兰兹·奥利华(Franz Oliva)。在那里他修改了《橄榄山上的基督》寄交布莱科普夫出版,又迅速写成两套话剧配乐——《雅典的废墟》作品113号,和《斯特芬王》作品117号——准备在10月5日皇帝的命名日演出。他在特浦利济起初过着隐居的生活,后来由奥利华介绍,他结交了一群知识分子、诗人、音乐家,其中有范哈根(Varnhagen),拉赫尔·列文(Rahel Levin),克利斯朵夫·奥古斯特·迪格Christoph August Tiedge),爱丽丝·封·德·雷
Determination of Total Solids in Resin Solutions (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Total Solids in Resin SolutionsC.D. McKinney,JR., Ernest Turk, and W.E. ShaeferCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1946, 18, 1, 14–16Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1946https://doi.org/10.1021/i560149a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (374 KB) Get e-Alerts
Robust fault detection in uncertain nonlinear systems via a second order sliding mode observer (2003)

A second order sliding mode observer-based robust fault detection in uncertain nonlinear systems is discussed. First of all, a second order sliding mode observer is presented. The reason why the second order sliding mode observer is used for fault detection is that the second-order S(t) (sliding surface) dynamics can sharply filter unwanted high frequencies due to unmodeled dynamics. The sliding condition is first derived such that the observer switching gain can be selected. The stability of the reduced sliding mode observer is then proved by assuming that the considered nonlinear system has a single output and two outputs, respectively. An example is employed to show that the proposed sliding mode observer can work very effectively.
Hydrogel as a bioactive material to regulate stem cell fate (2016)

The encapsulation of stem cells in a hydrogel substrate provides a promising future in biomedical applications. However, communications between hydrogels and stem cells is complicated; various factors such as porosity, different polymer types, stiffness, compatibility and degradation will lead to stem cell survival or death. Hydrogels mimic the three-dimensional extracellular matrix to provide a friendly environment for stem cells. On the other hand, stem cells can sense the surroundings to make the next progression, stretching out, proliferating or just to remain. As such, understanding the correlation between stem cells and hydrogels is crucial. In this Review, we first discuss the varying types of the hydrogels and stem cells, which are most commonly used in the biomedical fields and further investigate how hydrogels interact with stem cells from the perspective of their biomedical application, while providing insights into the design and development of hydrogels for drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine purpose. In addition, we compare the results such as stiffness, degradation time and pore size as well as peptide types of hydrogels from respected journals. We also discussed most recently magnificent materials and their effects to regulate stem cell fate.
THE ACTION OF AMMONIA ON BENZOIN (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF AMMONIA ON BENZOINDAVID DAVIDSON, MARVIN WEISS, and MURRAY JELLINGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1937, 02, 4, 328–334Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01227a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01227a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views736Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Morphologies of discontinuous gold films on amorphous polymer substrates (1992)

Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the effects of annealing treatments on the morphologies of discontinuous gold films evaporated onto polystyrene or poly(2-vinylpyridine) substrates. For polystyrene substrates the average size of discrete gold particles increases significantly during a long-term annealing treatment at 179 °C. The size distribution is well approximated by a log normal distribution function, consistent with a coalescence mechanism for particle growth. The fluid character of the polymer substrates at the annealing temperature of interest allows us to control this coalescence rate, thereby providing a unique method for controlling the microstructure of discontinuous metal films. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy showed that the coalescence rate for gold particles in a poly(2-vinylpyridine) matrix is much less than the coalescence rate for gold particles in a polystyrene matrix, indicating that polymer/metal interactions play an important role in the determination of the coalescence rate.
Development of the Talbot-Lau interferometry system available for clinical use (2012)

The prototype of the Talbot-Lau interferometer for clinical use was designed and applied to the preclinical examination. The human cadaveric hand and the mastectomy specimen were imaged. As a result, the images obtained by Talbot-Lau interferometry sensitively depicted the cartilages or the intraductal carcinoma. This result indicated that the Talbot-Lau interferometry would be a promising technology of the image diagnosis.
A convenient method for the direct incorporation of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine into oligodeoxynucleotides (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA convenient method for the direct incorporation of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine into oligodeoxynucleotidesCanio J. Marasco Jr. and Janice R. SufrinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 23, 6363–6365Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00049a061https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00049a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Switching dynamics of finite periodic nonlinear media: A numerical study (1990)

Using a coupled-mode approach we numerically investigate the time-dependent properties of nonlinear periodic media of finite length. Based on time-independent considerations such media have been shown previously to exhibit bistable behavior and to support gap soliton excitations. Our calculations show that for low intensities the transition from a low-transmission to a high-transmission state occurs as expected, leading to an easy excitation of gap solitons. At higher intensities, however, periodic self-oscillations take place, which eventually turn chaotic.
A role for endogenous mono-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) in the regulation of human neutrophil migration. (1980)

The possibility that endogenous monohydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) derived from the lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid might serve a role in human neutrophil migration was examined by studying the effects of depletion of the intracellular HETEs on random migration and chemotaxis. The intracellular contents of approximately 2000 ng of 11-HETE and 500 ng of 5-HETE per 10(8) neutrophils are distributed preferentially in the cellular membranes and are increased by specific chemotactic factors. The depletion of intracellular HETEs that resulted from pre-incubating, washing and resuspending neutrophils in 3-20 microM 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (TYA), an inhibitor of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activity, or in 5-10 microM nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a selective inhibitor of lipoxygenase activity, was associated with suppression of neutrophil random migration and chemotaxis to several stimuli without evidence of cytotoxicity. Maximal suppression of migration was achieved by a 30-60 min preincubation with the inhibitors, a time-course analogous to that required for optimal depletion of the endogenous HETEs. In contrast, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase activity enhanced random migration and, to a lesser extent, chemotaxis. The inhibition of migration achieved by pre-incubating and maintaining the neutrophils in TYA or NDGA was fully reversed either by washing and resuspending the neutrophils in buffer or by the addition of purified neutrophil 5-HETE in quantities as small as 20 ng/2 x 10(6) neutrophils for random migration and 0.8 ng/2 x 10(6) neutrophils for chemotaxis, while the addition of 11-HETE was less effective. The relationship of the intracellular concentrations of endogenous HETEs to neutrophil migration is consistent with a potential role of the HETEs as cellular mediators.
Flexible CTU-level parallel motion estimation by CPU and GPU pipeline for HEVC (2014)

In the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) encoder, motion estimation (ME) takes up more than 50% encoding time. To reduce the complexity of the ME module in HEVC, this paper proposes a flexible coding tree unit (CTU)-level parallel ME method through CPU and GPU pipeline collaboration. Firstly a highly scalable CTU-level parallel motion search scheme on GPU is provided, in which, the parallel CTU group can be configured to be any size to adapt to the variable sequence resolution and hardware configurations. Then, the motion search range can be adaptively adjusted based on the motion intensity. Therefore, the unnecessary GPU time wasting can be further avoided for slow-moving scenes, while high performance kept for fast-moving scenes. Moreover, the ME information returned from GPU can be used by CPU for fast mode decision. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves up to 73% complexity reduction than HM10.0 anchor using CPU only with acceptable coding performance loss, providing higher performance than the state-of-the-art scheme.
A thin film transistor driven microchannel device (2005)

Novel electrophoresis devices for protein and DNA separation and identification\nhave been presented and studied. The new device utilizes a contact resistance change\ndetection method to identify protein and DNA in situ. The devices were prepared with a\nmicroelectronic micromechanical system (MEMS) fabrication method. Three model\nproteins and six DNA fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel microchannel\nelectrophoresis and surface electrophoresis. The detection of the proteins or DNA\nfragments was accomplished using the contact resistance increase of the detection\nelectrode due to adsorption of the separated biomolecules. Key factors for the success of\nthese devices were the optimization of fabrication process and the enhancement of\ndetection efficiency of the devices. Parameters, such as microchannel configuration, size\nof electrode, and affinity of protein or polyacrylamide gel to the microchannel sidewall\nand bottom surface were explored in detail. For DNA analysis, the affinity to the bottom\nsurface of the channel was critical. The surface modification method was used to\nenhance the efficiency of the microchannel surface electrophoresis device. The\nadsorption of channel separated protein and DNA on the detection electrode was\nconfirmed with the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) method. The\nelectrical current (I) from the protein microchannel electrophoresis was usually noisy\nand fluctuated at the early stage of the electrophoresis process. In order to remove the\ncurrent perturbation, an amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistor (TFT) was\nconnected to the microchannel device. The self-aligned a-Si:H TFT was fabricated with\na two-photomask process. The result shows that the attachment of the TFT successfully\nsuppressed the current fluctuation of the microchannel electrophoresis process. In\nsummary, protein and DNA samples were effectively separated and detected with the\nnovel TFT-driven or surface microchannel electrophoresis device.
Causes of Death of HIV-Infected Persons in Ottawa, Ontario, 1984-1995 (1997)

The HIV-infected persons are dying with more advanced HIV immunosuppression. Advances in P carinii pneumonia prophylaxis and treatment have had a dramatic effect on the cause of death of HIV-infected persons. Improved prophylaxis and treatment for non-P carinii pneumonia opportunistic infections and malignancies and HIV wasting syndrome are required.
Detection and Imaging of Aggressive Cancer Cells Using an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Targeted Filamentous Plant Virus-Based Nanoparticle (2015)

Molecular imaging approaches and targeted drug delivery hold promise for earlier detection of diseases and treatment with higher efficacy while reducing side effects, therefore increasing survival rates and quality of life. Virus-based nanoparticles are a promising platform because their scaffold can be manipulated both genetically and chemically to simultaneously display targeting ligands while carrying payloads for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. Here, we displayed a 12-amino-acid peptide ligand, GE11 (YHWYGYTPQNVI), on nanoscale filaments formed by the plant virus potato virus X (PVX). Bioconjugation was used to produce fluorescently labeled PVX-GE11 filaments targeted toward the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cell detection and imaging was demonstrated using human skin epidermoid carcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and triple negative breast cancer cell lines (A-431, HT-29, MDA-MB-231), all of which upregulate EGFR to various degrees. Nonspecific uptake in ductal breast carcinoma (BT-474) cells was not observed. Furthermore, co-culture experiments with EGFR(+) cancer cells and macrophages indicate successful targeting and partitioning toward the cancer cells. This study lays a foundation for the development of EGFR-targeted filaments delivering contrast agents for imaging and diagnosis, and/or toxic payloads for targeted drug delivery.
Treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (1982)

Patients with PNH may be treated with a number of known agents. As in all patients with a chronic disease, a regimen tolerable over a long period of time must be selected. Knowledge and anticipation of complications and their proper treatment are essential parts in the treatment. When these principals are used, many patients may live reasonable lives for very long periods of time.
A device to measure the cross-sectional area of soft connective tissues (1991)

A device has been designed and fabricated to measure the cross-sectional area of soft connective tissues ex vivo. It consists of two displacement transducers; one sensing tissue thickness and the other sensing width. Outputs are recorded (via an analog to digital interface) using a personal computer. Numerical integration of a thickness versus width plot computes cross-sectional area. This plot also provides a quality check of acquired data. This device has been successfully used in biomechanical studies of rabbit patellar tendons, rat medial collateral ligaments, and dissected specimens of human fascia.
실시간 On-line 프레스설비 POP 시스템 개발 연구 (2004)

This study intend to make easy modification, even if there is a new job or structure change, by modularizing program and computerize and automation of production control management used in CIM. Under the condition where manager control production on the press-machine and injection molding machine, for increasing connection with other operation and management on the computer by monitoring center computer, recognizing in-formation by computer is needed, it is possible by converting transaction. So production increase and quality improvement are possible by diminishing manager`s and producer`s work with the result of the study combining POP and CIM. The effectives that customer satisfaction and sales promotion are possible with company computerizing minds. ave the computer minds