gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of iron and 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases in signalling (2003)

Sensing of ambient dioxygen levels and appropriate feedback mechanisms are essential processes for all multicellular organisms. In animals, moderate hypoxia causes an increase in the transcription levels of specific genes, including those encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin. The hypoxic response is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), an alphabeta heterodimeric transcription factor in which both the HIF subunits are members of the basic helix-loop-helix PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) domain family. Under hypoxic conditions, levels of HIFalpha rise, allowing dimerization with HIFbeta and initiating transcriptional activation. Two types of dioxygen-dependent modification to HIFalpha have been identified, both of which inhibit the transcriptional response. Firstly, HIFalpha undergoes trans -4-hydroxylation at two conserved proline residues that enable its recognition by the von Hippel-Lindau tumour-suppressor protein. Subsequent ubiquitinylation, mediated by an ubiquitin ligase complex, targets HIFalpha for degradation. Secondly, hydroxylation of an asparagine residue in the C-terminal transactivation domain of HIFalpha directly prevents its interaction with the co-activator p300. Hydroxylation of HIFalpha is catalysed by enzymes of the iron(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family. In humans, three prolyl hydroxylase isoenzymes (PHD1-3) and an asparagine hydroxylase [factor inhibiting HIF (FIH)] have been identified. The role of 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases in the hypoxic and other signalling pathways is discussed.
Vehicle driver's ECG and sitting posture monitoring system (2009)

An ECG monitoring system comprised of six wearable textile-based electrodes is used to detect the ECG and sitting posture of vehicle drivers. The electrodes are washable, comfortable, sewed into ordinary shirt, and not connected with extra wires; as a result, they not only detect drivers' ECG while they move, but also prevent hindering their driving. While drivers change the sitting postures, different electrodes are activated and change the morphology of ECG; this is how drivers' sitting postures are determined. A tri-axes accelerometer is also used to analyze ECG and detect the urban road condition. The monitoring system provides e-health services by transmitting signals to a PDA through Bluetooth. When it is necessary, the PDA is capable to transmit ECG and accelerometer signals to remote monitory center. The safety and health of drivers and pedestrians are the key issues of e-health for urban lives.
Particle Methods for Change Detection, System Identification, and Control (2004)

Particle methods are a set of powerful and versatile simulation-based methods to perform optimal state estimation in nonlinear non-Gaussian state-space models. The ability to compute the optimal filter is central to solving important problems in areas such as change detection, parameter estimation, and control. Much recent work has been done in these areas. The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed overview of them.
Membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment and reuse: virus removal (2026)

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a unit process consisting of a biological reactor with suspended biomass and a microfiltration/ultrafiltration membrane. In addition to its biological degradation and solid-liquid separation functions, MBR may potentially provide a non-hazardous disinfection means. In this paper, an experimental study on virus removal was carried out in a bench-scale MBR unit, using MS-2 bacteriophage as a viral indicator. The membrane itself without the presence of the mixed liquor and the attached biofilm could achieve only https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> 80 % virus removal. With the additional presence of suspended biomass in the MBR unit, the total virus removal was enhanced to https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> 93.7 % . When sufficient time was given to allow biofilm accumulation on the membrane surface, the removal further increased to https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> 99.9 % . Submerging this biofilmed membrane module into a clear water tank gave evidence that the major contribution to the virus removal in an MBR system was the biofilm.
Wound Closure on the Neonatal Rat Skin I. The Modulation of the Thickness of Epidermis at the Closing Incisional Wounds (2013)

Full-thickness incisional wounds were made on the dorsal skin of 1-day-old rats to elucidate the mechanism of the fluctuation of the epidermal thickness after the wound closure. The thickness of the epidermis covering the wound reached a peak around 96 h post-wounding (PW), and became thinner thereafter. The analyses of the cell proliferation and apoptosis at the epidermal wound regions revealed that the rate of TUNEL-positive cells that displays the cells undergoing apoptosis increased as the epidermis became thinner around 120 h PW. Next, immunohistochemical analyses using antibodies against keratinocyte differentiation marker proteins indicated that the delay or interruption of the spinous to granular transition from 96 to 120 h PW might result in the epidermal thickening in the wound region. Third, the region undyed with anti-caspase-14 antibody extended downward in the thickened epidermis by 96 h PW, and in turn, it became intensely and widely stained with this antibody in the thinning epidermis by 120 h PW. Taken together, it is likely that the delay and acceleration of the terminal differentiation, including cornification of the epidermal keratinocytes may coordinately cause the fluctuation of the thickness of the epidermis at the wound site in rat neonates.
Partial Purification and Properties of <scp>d</scp> -Desthiobiotin Synthetase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1970)

d-Desthiobiotin synthetase, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of d-desthiobiotin from dl-7,8-diaminopelargonic acid and HCO(3) (-), was purified 100-fold from cells of a biotin mutant strain of Escherichia coli. Adenosine triphosphate and Mg(2+) were shown, especially in purified extracts, to be obligatory for enzyme activity, although concentrations higher than 5 mm caused severe inhibition of the reaction with unpurified cell-free extracts. Adenosine diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate were shown to inhibit the reaction, but fluoride (up to 50 mm) had no detectable effect. The product of the enzyme reaction was identical to d-desthiobiotin on the basis of biological activity and chromatography. Furthermore, when H(14)CO(3) (-) was used as a substrate, the radioactive product was shown to be (14)C-desthiobiotin labeled exclusively in the ureido carbon.
Robust Gaussian and Non-Gaussian Matched (2003)

We address the problem of matched filter and sub- space detection in the presence of arbitrary noise and interference or interfering signals that may lie in an arbitrary unknown sub- space of the measurement space. A minmax methodology devel- oped to deal with this uncertainty can also be adapted to situa- tions where partial information on the interference or other un- certainties is available. This methodology leads to a hypothesis test with adequate levels of false alarm robustness and signal detection sensitivity. The robust test detailed in this paper is applicable to a large class of noise density functions. In addition, generalized likeli- hood ratio (GLR) detectors are derived for the class of generalized Gaussian noise. The detectors are generalizations of the , and statistics used with Gaussian noise, which are themselves moti- vated in a new way by the robust test. For matched filter detection, these expressions are simpler and computationally efficient. The robust test reduces to the conventional test when unlearned sub- space interference is known to be absent. The results demonstrate that when compared with the conventional detector, the robust one trades off some detection performance in the absence of interfer- ence for the sake of robustness in its presence.
Drug Cytotoxicity Assay for African Trypanosomes and Leishmania Species (1995)

The trypanosomes and Leishmania species are parasitic protozoa that afflict millions of people throughout the world. If not treated, African trypanosomiasis and visceral leishmaniasis are fatal. The available drugs are severely limited by toxicity, marginal efficacy, the requirement for parenteral administration, and spreading drug resistance. In this study, a spectrophotometric assay was developed and validated for measuring the cytotoxicity of test compounds against axenically cultured bloodstream-form Trypanosoma brucei (African trypanosomes) and promastigotes of Leishmania donovani. Enzymatic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate, monitored by a microtiter plate reader, is a reliable surrogate for parasite cell counts. The assay is simple, inexpensive, and highly reproducible. The coefficient of variation for EC50 values is < 10% for determinations obtained over several months. This method permits the rapid screening of candidates for much-needed new drugs against these parasites.
Potent activity of 2'-beta-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in hu-PBL-SCID mice (1996)

A new antiretroviral agent, 2'-beta-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (FddA), is an acid-stable compound whose triphosphate form is a potent reverse transcriptase inhibitor with in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood leukocytes (hu-PBL-SCID mice) provide a useful small-animal model for HIV research. In the present study we utilized this experimental system for the in vivo evaluation of the anti-HIV activity of this new compound when administered prior to infection. Initial studies revealed that, following a challenge with 50 100% tissue culture infective doses of HIV type 1 lymphadenopathy-associated virus, 39 of 42 (93%) control mice developed HIV infection, as evidenced by positive coculture or positive PCR. Administration of zidovudine decreased the infection rate to 5 of 16 (31%), while administration of FddA decreased the infection rate to 0 of 44 (0%). In follow-up controlled studies, the anti-HIV activity of FddA was confirmed, with 18 of 20 control mice showing evidence of HIV infection, compared with 4 of 20 FddA-treated mice. In addition to having direct anti-HIV effects, FddA was found to have a protective effect on human CD4+ T cells in the face of HIV infection. Mice treated with FddA were found to have a significantly higher percentage of CD4+ T cells than controls (10.3% +/- 3.4% versus 0.27% +/- 0.21%; P = 0.01). Thus, FddA, with its potent anti-HIV activity in vivo, high oral bioavailability, long intracellular half-life, and ability to preserve CD4+ cells in the presence of HIV, appears to be a promising agent for clinical investigation.
Hydrogenation of transistors fabricated in polycrystalline-silicon films (1980)

Transistors have been fabricated with their active channels in thin films of polycrystalline silicon. A subsequent hydrogen plasma treatment has been used to improve the transistor properties significantly by reducing the number of electrically active grain-boundary defects. Plasma conditions to maximize the hydrogenation effect have been briefly investigated.
About the intrinsic resistance variability in HfO<inf>2</inf>-based RRAM devices (2017)

Resistive memories (RRAM) are attracting a wide interest as candidates for the next generation memory technology, in particular for embedded and, more generally, for low power applications like IoT. However, their variability still remains a concern as the latter has been proven to be an intrinsic feature linked to the filamentary switching mechanism. In this paper we will review some recent key results by our and other groups that show the fundamental variability limits of the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based technology and some possible alternatives.
Regulation of the adrenocorticotrophin response to stress by the central nucleus of the amygdala in rats depends upon the nature of the stressor (1996)

The regulatory role of the medial (CeM) or the lateral (CeL) part of the central nucleus of the amygdala on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress was investigated in male rats. Basal and restraint- or lipopolysacharride (LPS)-induced plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) levels were measured 7 days after sham operation or lesion of the CeM or CeL. CeM or CeL lesion did not change basal ACTH concentrations. In control rats, restraint or LPS injection induced a robust increase in ACTH secretion. CeL lesion did not modify the stress-induced increment in ACTH release. CeM lesion significantly decreased the ACTH response to restraint and potentiated the ACTH response to LPS injection. Our findings demonstrate that the CeM exerts complex influences on the corticotrophic response to stress, being either stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on the nature of the stressor.
Inductive contamination analysis (ICA) with SRAM application (2002)

This paper proposes a new simulation-based fault modeling methodology. The methodology-an extension of Inductive Fault Analysis-uses the contamination-defect-fault simulator CODEF to directly relate effects of process-induced contamination to circuit-level malfunctions. The application of this methodology (called Inductive Contamination Analysis) is demonstrated by development of SRAM fault models.
Enzymatic digestibility and ethanol fermentability of AFEX-treated starch-rich lignocellulosics such as corn silage and whole corn plant (2010)

The current results indicate the feasibility of co-utilization of whole plants (that is, starchy grains plus cellulosic residues) using an ammonia-based (AFEX) pretreatment to increase bioethanol yield and reduce overall production cost.
An enhanced fibrinolysis prevents the development of multiple organ failure in disseminated intravascular coagulation in spite of much activation of blood coagulation (2001)

Enhanced fibrinolysis was considered to be the important defense mechanism in preventing the development of MOF in DIC. The increases in plasma levels of t-PA and PAI were poor prognostic markers in DIC. Further careful study may be useful to clarify whether the fibrinolytic therapy is beneficial in clinical DIC patients with MOF.
Singlet Oxygen Produced by Photodynamic Action Causes Inactivation of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (1997)

We have studied the effects of singlet oxygen produced by photodynamic action on the cyclosporin A-sensitive permeability transition (PT) in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Mitochondria were incubated with 3 microM hematoporphyrin and irradiated at 365 nm with a fluence rate of 25 watts/m2. For short durations of irradiation (60 s) the adenine nucleotide translocase was inactivated, but mitochondria retained their ability to form a proton electrochemical gradient and accumulated Ca2+ and Pi at the same rate as non-irradiated controls. Strikingly, however, the oxidative effects of photodynamic action prevented opening of the PT pore which is normally induced by Ca2+ plus Pi or by treatment with diethyl pyrocarbonate (a histidine reagent) or diamide (a thiol oxidant). We show that the most likely targets for photodynamic action are critical histidines that undergo degradation. Irradiated, hematoporphyrin-loaded mitochondria treated with diethyl pyrocarbonate or diamide still undergo the PT when treated with phenylarsine oxide, which reacts with a critical dithiol involved in pore modulation (Petronilli, V., Costantini, P., Scorrano, L., Colonna, R., Passamonti, S., and Bernardi, P. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 16638-16642). These data suggest (i) that the dithiol cysteines are not oxidized by photodynamic action, but rather became inaccessible to oxidants; and (ii) that irradiation of hematoporphyrin-loaded mitochondria does not lead to pore denaturation, but rather to site-selective inactivation of discrete pore functional domains.
Directional wideband shorted bowtie antenna (2006)

A new wideband antenna employing a shorted bowtie patch for exciting a slot-type radiation is presented. Unlike a conventional directional slot antenna, which generally is placed 1/4-wavelength above a ground reflector, the height of the proposed antenna is 1/10-wavelength but a directional radiation can be achieved. The impedance bandwidth is 64% (SWR ≤ 2) from frequency of 2.07 to 4.02 GHz. The antenna does not only have a wideband feature but also has several attractive electrical characteristics such as symmetric radiation pattern, low cross polarization and stable pattern over the operating bandwidth. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1670–1672, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21709
Expression of a specific marker of avian programmed cell death in both apoptosis and necrosis. (1994)

Apoptosis and necrosis are two types of cell death with different morphologic features. We report here the isolation of a monoclonal antibody, BV2, that specifically recognizes cells undergoing developmental programmed cell death in different tissues of the chicken and zebra-finch embryos. The antigen recognized by BV2 monoclonal antibody is detected in vitro in primary chicken embryonic fibroblasts induced to die by actinomycin D, as well as fibroblasts induced to die by chemical anoxia. The expression of this specific antigen during necrosis appears to require active protein synthesis. These findings provide evidence that cells from different embryonic tissues undergoing programmed cell death during vertebrate development express similar antigens and indicate that apoptosis and necrosis may share similar biochemical features.
The Synthesis of Pyrrolidines, Piperidines and Hexahydroazepines<sup>1,2</sup> (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Pyrrolidines, Piperidines and Hexahydroazepines1,2Joseph H. Paden and Homer AdkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 12, 2487–2499Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01303a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01303a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views552Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A deterministic technique for extracting keyword based grammar rules from programs (2006)

This paper presents a technique for extracting grammar rules, given a set of programs and an approximate grammar. Grammar is an important artifact used in the generation of tools for program analysis, modification, etc. Current grammar extraction techniques are heuristic in nature. This work proposes a deterministic technique for extracting keyword based grammar rules. The technique uses CYK-parser and LR-parser to build a set of possible rules. For each rule it checks whether the grammar after including that rule is able to parse all the programs or not. As this results in a large set of possible rules, a set of optimizations are proposed to reduce the search space of possible rules. The proposed optimizations utilize the knowledge from multiple programs and exploit the abundance of unit productions in the grammar of programming languages. The proposed approach and optimizations are experimentally checked on a set of input programs.
Manufacturing of human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for clinical trials (2008)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are being used increasingly in clinical trials for a range of regenerative and inflammatory diseases. Bone marrow is the traditional source but is relatively inaccessible in large volume. MSC have now been derived from tissues other than bone marrow including placenta and adipose tissue. We have used placenta obtained after delivery as a source of MSC and have been unable to detect any marked differences from marrow-derived MSC in terms of cell surface phenotype, chemokine receptor display, mesodermal differentiation capacity or immunosuppressive ability. This report described our manufacturing process for isolating and expanding placenta-derived human MSC and their safe infusion into the first patient in a clinical trial program of human placenta-derived MSC.
Using answer set programming to answer complex queries (2004)

In this paper we discuss the applicability of the knowledge representation and reasoning lan-guage AnsProlog for the design and implemen-tation of query answering systems. We con-sider a motivating example, and illustrate how AnsProlog can be used to represent defaults, causal relations, and other types of common-sense knowledge needed to properly answer non-trivial questions about the example’s do-main. 1
Appearance of Frontal Midline Theta Rhythm and Personality Traits (1984)

The distinct theta rhythm in the frontal midline area during a performance of mental tasks has been called Fm theta. However, Fm theta shows individual differences in its appearance. The relationship between the appearance of Fm theta and the subject personality was investigated in the present study. Forty male university students performed an arithmetic addition test for 5 min daily during three consecutive days and their EEGs were recorded during the test. They also completed the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) and the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) after the EEG recording on the last day. The subjects who obtained low scores on the anxiety scale of MAS, high scores on the extraversion scale of MPI and low scores on the neuroticism scale of MPI showed larger amounts of Fm theta. On the other hand, those subjects who showed high scores on the anxiety scale, low scores on the extraversion scale and high scores on the neuroticism scale showed smaller amounts of Fm theta or none. These results suggest that the appearance of Fm theta is closely related to the subject personality traits.
<title>Development of an on-line modular printed-web inspection system</title> (1993)

This paper describes the development of a modular inspection system for the on-line inspection of printed-web (a continuous sheet of paper on a roll) material. Real-time inspection during the high-speed printing of high-quality, multicolor web materials can determine process deviations that could degrade product quality in time to take corrective action. This action can effectively and directly reduce spoilage within the current process and eliminate losses in subsequent processes. The system was initially developed for the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) for postage stamp production but can be adapted to almost any printed-web quality-monitoring applications.