gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional, Polymorphic, Ionic Fullerene Supramolecular Materials: Self-Assembly and Thermotropic Properties (2011)

An N-methylfulleropyrrolidine (2) bearing three eicosyloxy chains on the laterally substituted phenyl group can be further functionalized to give the ionic fullerene derivative, i.e., N,N-dimethylfulleropyrrolidinium iodide (1). The spectroscopic, electrochemical, self-assembly, and liquid crystalline properties of 1 have been investigated and compared to its neutral precursor 2. Changes in electronic structure upon ionization are observed in the UV spectra. Additionally, a positive potential shift of electrochemical reductions for 1 compared to those of 2 is noted in both homogeneous solution and film state. Driven by the π–π, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions, the ionic compound 1 is able to form a variety of functional and polymorphic self-assembled structures both from solution and on substrates, including hierarchically organized flakelike microparticles with high water repellency, doughnut-shaped objects with rough surfaces, and long one-dimensional C60 nanowires (>1 μm). The thermotropic behavior of 1 has also been investigated, and a smectic liquid crystalline phase was observed at elevated temperatures. Further investigations of the thermotropic behavior of 1 revealed that a deionization back-reaction from 1 to the neutral precursor 2 gradually occurred. The mechanism of this deionization reaction is presented and discussed. These investigations provide insight into the effects of added ionicity to alkylated fullerene derivatives, in particular on their self-assembly features and functionality.
Three-dimensional Image Formation in Confocal Microscopy Under Ultra-short-laser-pulse Illumination (1995)

Abstract Reported in this paper is, to our knowledge, the first theoretical investigation of three-dimensional (3D) imaging properties in a confocal microscope under ultra-short-pulse illumination. Time-resolved, time-averaged and interferometric imaging modes in reflection and transmission systems are considered. The concept of the 3D transfer function is used to understand the imaging performance of the system. In the case of a 10fs pulse, the spatial frequency bandwidth in the axial direction is twice that for a system under continuous-wave (CW) illumination, while the spatial frequency bandwidth in the transverse direction is increased by only 10%. As a result, axial resolution can be improved by approximately 30%, compared with the limiting value under CW laser illumination of the same wavelength as the pulsed beam.
Field-effect transistor using a solid electrolyte as a new oxygen sensor (1988)

A field-effect transistor (FET) using a solid electrolyte is proposed in the present study as a new oxygen sensor. The sensor is fabricated by depositing a thin layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) on a gate insulator of an insulated gate field-effect transistor (IGFET). As an IGFET has an ability to transform impedance, the potential change produced at the interface between the YSZ layer and a platinum gate electrode can be detected stably, even if the impedance of the YSZ is very high. The response of the fabricated sensor showed good reproducibility at 20 °C. A linear relationship between output voltage and logarithmic partial pressure of oxygen was obtained in the range from 0.01 to 1 atm. Sensitivity of the sensor was found to depend on the thickness of the Pt-gate electrode and sputtering conditions of the YSZ layer. Although selectivity to hydrogen and carbon monoxide was not good at room temperature, it could be improved by increasing the operating temperature to 100 °C. The developed sensor has several advantages including small size, low output impedance, and solid-state construction. It is potentially applicable to medical uses, process control, and automobiles.
Altered glycosylation and selected mutation in recombinant human complement component C9: effects on haemolytic activity. (1994)

Recombinant wild-type and mutated forms of human complement component C9 have been synthesized in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Wild-type recombinant C9 was indistinguishable from native C9, as judged by haemolytic activity, trypsin and alpha-thrombin digestion, reaction with antibodies to C9, enzymatic deglycosylation to the same core size and polymerization in the presence of Zn2+. Replacement of the native signal peptide with the honey-bee melittin signal peptide, and replacement of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells with Trichoplusia ni cells produced yields of 5 micrograms C9/ml supernatant. Three C9 mutants were generated; one mutant, with four acidic residues changed to alanines in a putative calcium-binding site, had the same biological activity as recombinant C9. Another mutant, lacking 23 N-terminal amino acids, previously showing increased polymerization when produced in vitro, polymerized on secretion, rendering it inactive. It was not possible to demonstrate haemolytic activity of the third mutant, cysteines 33 and 36 mutated to alanine, as it was secreted a hundredfold less than the wild-type protein.
Surface Sterilization with High Energy Ions (2005)

Summary form only given. There is a commercial need for the sterilization of food containers in the bottling and packaging industry, and other plastic surfaces that will destroy bacterial spores and other microbes on a short time scale and without chemical agents. We have demonstrated that high-energy (e.g. 50 KeV) ions, extracted from a low-density hydrogen plasma using an ion implantation approach, impart sufficient spore damage to prevent germination. Recently, we have carried out additional studies on variations of a number of parameters, such as the total ion dose, voltage variations, pulse width, ion species and background pressure. The experiments are conducted in a 1 meter long, 8 inch diameter chamber under a modest vacuum. An R.F. plasma is established using a 7 watt, 25 MHz source. The spores are placed on 1-inch diameter solid brass spheres by a biological testing service. The spheres are inserted into the chamber prior to initiation of the plasma, then pulsed with a high voltage pulser to a nominally 50000 volt negative bias, thereby attracting the positive plasma ions to the surface of the brass spheres. Typically, 4000 individual negative pulses are applied over an 8 second period and then the sample is removed and analyzed. The results indicate that spore destruction occurs over a wide range of parameters and is indicative of the potential to destroy spores in one second or less
Bi-Directional Nasal Delivery of Aerosols Can Prevent Lung Deposition (2004)

Nasal delivery of drugs and vaccines has important advantages compared to injection and oral administration, and is being considered for a widening range of vaccines and substances with topical and systemic action. Traditional nasal delivery technologies are, however, trapped in the dilemma between achieving improved nasal distribution and limiting deposition in the lower airways. The novel bi-directional nasal delivery concept takes advantage of the posterior connection between the nasal passages persisting when the soft palate automatically closes during oral exhalation. Exhalation into the delivery device triggers release of liquid or powder particles into an airflow, which enters one nostril via a sealing nozzle and exits through the other nostril. In a study of 16 healthy subjects using 99mTc labeled nebulized particles with a mean particle size of 3.5 microm, delivery with this novel concept showed no or minimal lung deposition (0.8 +/- 2.0% (range -4.1% to 5.6%) for bi-directional delivery, whereas significant fractions were deposited in the lungs in all 16 subjects (mean 22.3 +/- 8.1%, range 12.2-39.3%) following conventional nasal inhalation (p < 0.0005). In the latter case, the fraction deposited in the lungs correlated significantly (r2 = 0.47, p < 0.004) with the volume of the nasal passages. The bi-directional nasal delivery concept minimizes the risks and problems related to lung deposition occurring during conventional nasal inhalation from a nebulizer and opens up a new range of opportunities for nasal delivery of drugs and vaccines.
A low-cost, low-loss active voltage-clamp circuit for interleaved single-ended forward PWM converter (2002)

A scheme to effectively clamp the peak primary switch voltages in an interleaved single-ended forward power converter and properly reset the power transformers introducing virtually no losses is introduced. The scheme employs the switched snubber concept. No additional gate-drive logic and driver are needed. The scheme can be easily implemented using commercially available PWM chips with alternating gate-drive signals. A low-cost implementation of the scheme, and hardware results from a 5 V, 750 W prototype circuit are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biomarker Discovery in Infectious Diseases Using SELDI (2007)

Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight is a mass spectrometric-based method that requires a minimal amount of sample for analysis and can be used for high-throughput screening. It has been used to discover serum or tissue protein signatures and biomarkers for infectious diseases in the fields of virology (hepatitis B and C viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome, HIV-1, human T-cell leukemia virus-1 and BK virus), parasitology (trypanosomiasis) and bacteriology (intra-amniotic inflammation, tuberculosis and bacterial endocarditis). The protein signatures, or biomarkers, can be used to diagnose infection, predict disease states and to inform on disease processes. Careful attention to experimental design, sample handling and storage, and the use of appropriate internal controls is crucial to success.
THE MEASUREMENT OF WEAK BETA EMITTERS IN THE GAS PHASE (1962)

In tracer experiments, the precision of the radioactive measurements is almost always the deciding factor as to whether an unambiguous result can be obtained, often after compiicated, lengthy, and expensive investigations. The sensitivity is closely connected with the accuracy and is, moreover, decisive in determining how much must be spent on marked materials. The techniques of measurement in gas counters are compared both in principle and practice with the other usual methods and longterm experience with gas counting is reported. The gas filled counters used have brass cathodes which have proved superior to glass counters. The anti-coincidence screening counters are of unconventional construction. They consist of two concentric cylinders between which wires are stretched parallel to the axis. A fundamental advantage of this construction is the avoidance of dead zones through which a charged particie of cosmic radiation could pass without generating a screening pulse. In anticoincidence equipment it is particularly important to avoid disturbing pulses from high frequency electrical interference since the lower the background of an arrangement aiready is the greater is its relative increase by a given number of disturbing pulses. Particular care is necessary with proportional counters since the counting pulses are only very small. Themore » background count of a 150 ml counter can be rcduced from 160 counts/min when unscreened to 4 counts/min by screening with 10 cm of lead and an anti-coincidence arrangement. The constancy of the background effect is in general quite good with one and the same counter filling. Proportional counters have, as gas counters, a series of advantages over GM counters. In the analysis of C/sup 14/ and T-marked substances, special significance attaches to the specimen preparation. (auth)« less
A Destination Prediction Model based on historical data, contextual knowledge and spatial conceptual maps (2012)

Mobile Wireless Network technology has enabled the development of increasingly diverse applications and devices resulting in an exponential growth in usage and services. One challenge in mobility management is the movement prediction. Prediction of the user's longer-term movement (e.g., 10 min in advance) with reasonable accuracy is very important to a broad range of services. To cope with this challenge, this paper proposes a new method to estimate a user's future destination, called Destination Prediction Model (DPM). This method combines two types of approaches: one based on the use of filtered historical movement pattern and another based on contextual knowledge; both approaches use spatial conceptual maps. The filter is based on the day and the time of the day to increase accuracy. The current movement direction, that takes into account the recent data, is used by the proposed method to reduce historical and contextual knowledge mistakes. Simulations are conducted using real-life data to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. For subjects with low predictability degree, DPM reaches an average prediction accuracy of 79%; it reaches 91% for subjects with high predictability and 86% for other subjects. Simulation results also indicate that DPM significantly reduces the impact of learning period and the remaining distance to reach the destination on prediction performance. In the future, we plan to extend our research work by proposing a full Path Prediction Model (PPM) based on the Destination Prediction Model (DPM).
Rheological Properties of Particle-Stabilized Emulsions (2010)

We have studied the rheological properties of fumed silica particle-stabilized emulsions. Two particles of different polarity were considered, the first more hydrophilic “Aerosil R7200,” the second more hydrophobic “Aerosil R972.” These particles flocculate and probably form a network at the investigated concentration. The flow curves of emulsions stabilized by a single type of particles exhibit yield stress, shear-thinning behavior and thixotropy. Moreover they display rheological features typical of gels. These features are attributed to strengthening of the particle network by droplets. Moreover the rheological properties of w/o emulsions stabilized by hydrophobic are similar to the ones of o/w emulsions stabilized by hydrophilic particles. The rheological properties of o/w emulsions stabilized by mixtures of hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles have then been studied by keeping the total particle concentration constant and varying the mass ratio between particles. The results show that when the hydrophobic particle concentration increases, the viscosity and stability of emulsions decrease establishing evidence that the network is weakened due to preferential orientation of hydrophobic particles towards the oil phase.
Comments on a Ruptured Soap Film (1960)

Subsequent to puncturing at a point, a horizontal soap film develops a hole whose edge, owing to surface tension, propagates outward from the point of puncture at apparently constant velocity. Measurements by Ranz [1] yielded results roughly 10% lower than those calculated on the basis of a simple energy conservation suggested by Rayleigh [2]. The discrepancy was attributed to an additional retarding viscous stress not included in the analysis. It appears, however, that the energy balance quoted [1] neglects an important contribution, indeed related to th viscous effect noted by Ranz, but which reduces the calculated values to 20% below those measured. A more detailed analysis of the motion of the edge gives this result; the neglected contribution arises from inelastic acceleration of the undisturbed fluid up to the velocity of the edge. The concomitant loss in mechanical energy may be identified with viscous dissipation which is estimated to be confined to a relatively thin region. Lack of agreement between calculated and measured values of the edge velocity seems to be causes by a second-order effect in the method used [1] to determine the thickness of the film.
Birefringent- and quasi phase-matching with BaMgF_4 for vacuum-UV/UV and mid-IR all solid-state lasers (2009)

BaMgF(4) is a ferroelectric fluoride which shows a very wide transparency range extending from 125 nm to 13 microm. The conjunction of these properties confers to BaMgF(4) a unique chance for optical applications in the UV and mid-IR wavelength regions, where other nonlinear materials cannot be used. In particular its application as frequency converter in all solid-state lasers is considered. The wavelength dispersion of the refractive indices along the three optical principal axes is measured in the transparent region, and the Sellmeier coefficients for the three refractive indices are determined. The conditions for nonlinear optical processes are calculated for birefringent-matching and quasi phase-matching, with special emphasis in the UV and IR wavelength regions. Quasi phase-matching can be achieved in the whole transparent wavelength region, in contrast to birefringent-matching, which can be obtained in a limited range 573-5634 nm. First demonstration of second harmonic generation by quasi phase-matching with a ferroelectric fluoride is shown by frequency-doubling the emissions of a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser and a tunable Ti:sapphire laser. The shortest emission is obtained in the UV at 368 nm, indicating the potential of BaMgF(4) as nonlinear medium for the fabrication of all solid-state lasers in the vacuum-UV/UV and mid-IR wavelength regions.
Prostate-specific antigen concentrations in serum in acute illnesses. (1996)

In light of recent studies showing that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) complexes with certain blood proteins, we studied the effects of acute-phase reactants and alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2MG) on serum concentrations of PSA. Serum samples were obtained from 419 men admitted to an acute-care facility. Various acute-phase reactants-including C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin-and A2MG were measured with a Beckman Array analyzer in parallel with determinations of PSA concentrations by two methods, the Hybritech Tandem RIA and the Abbott PSA IMx. Evaluation by Spearman rank correlation revealed a significant negative correlation of A2MG with PSA values (P < 0.01) and (as expected) a positive correlation of age with PSA values (P < 0.001). The former correlation suggests the possibility that patients with high serum concentrations of A2MG may give falsely decreased results for PSA concentrations in serum.
Isobutane-Olefin Alklation with Inhibited Aluminum Chloride Catalysts (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsobutane-Olefin Alklation with Inhibited Aluminum Chloride CatalystsA. K. Roebuck and B. L. EveringCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1970, 9, 1, 76–82Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360033a015https://doi.org/10.1021/i360033a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cyclopalladated imine catalysts in Heck arylation: search for the catalytic species (2000)

The application of the new cyclopalladated imine complexes of the Milstein-type 1d, 2a and 2b and the immobilised derivative 2c in the Heck reaction has provided evidence that these complexes are unstable and the active species is metallic palladium.
Solid acids with SO3H groups and tunable surface properties (2014)

Acid catalysis plays an important role in biomass conversion processes for producing chemicals and fuels. We report a relatively simple procedure for synthesizing versatile, strong acid catalysts based on carbon and carbon–silica composites with sulfonic acid groups. The process involves chemical activation of a sulfonic acid organic precursor at low temperature. The synthesis conditions can be modified to tune the surface composition, texture, and the acid properties of the materials towards superior catalytic performances. Molecular level insights into the nature and strength of the acid sites were gained by combining high resolution XPS and 1H-decoupled 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy of adsorbed triethylphosphine oxide. These materials are effective acid catalysts for the conversion of different biomass-derived chemicals to useful bio products such as furanic ethers and levulinate esters.
Diskrimineras invandrare i svenska domstolar? (Are Immigrants discriminated by Swedish Courts?) (1999)

Diskrimineras invandrare i svenska domstolar? (Are Immigrants discriminated by Swedish Courts?)
Detection of volatile vapors emitted from explosives with a handheld ion mobility spectrometer (2001)

Abstract Vapor detection of plastic explosives is difficult because of the low vapor pressures of explosive components (i.e. RDX and PETN) present in the complex elastomeric matrix. To facilitate vapor detection of plastic explosives, detection agents (taggants) with higher vapor pressures can be added to bulk explosives during manufacture. This paper investigates the detection of two of these taggants, ethyleneglycol dinitrate (EGDN) and 2,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane (DMNB), using a handheld ion mobility spectrometer. These two taggants were detected both from neat vapor sources as well as from bulk explosives (nitroglycerin (NG)‐dynamite and C‐4 tagged with DMNB). EGDN was detected from NG‐dynamite as EGDN·NO 3 − at a reduced mobility value of 1.45 cm 2 V −1 s −1 with detection limits estimated to be about 10 ppb v . DMNB was identified from tagged C‐4 as both negative and positive ions with reduced mobility values of 1.33 cm 2 V −1 s −1 for DMNB·NO 2 − and 1.44 cm 2 V −1 s −1 for DMNB·NH 4 + . Positive ions for cyclohexanone were also apparent in the spectra from tagged C‐4 producing three additional peaks. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 215–221, 2001
Recognition of exonic splicing enhancer sequences by the Drosophila splicing repressor RSF1 (1999)

The Drosophila repressor splicing factor 1 (RSF1) comprises an N-terminal RNA-binding region and a C-terminal domain rich in glycine, arginine and serine residues, termed the GRS domain. Recently, RSF1 has been shown to antagonize splicing factors of the serine/arginine-rich (SR) family and it is, therefore, expected to play a role in processing of a subset of Drosophila pre-mRNAs through specific interactions with RNA. To investigate the RNA-binding specificity of RSF1, we isolated RSF1-binding RNAs using an in vitro selection approach. We have identified two RNA target motifs recognized by RSF1, designated A (CAACGACGA)- and B (AAACGCGCG)-type sequences. We show here that the A-type cognate sequence behaves as an SR protein-dependent exonic splicing enhancer. Namely, three copies of the A-type ligand bind SR proteins, stimulate the efficiency of splicing of reporter pre-mRNAs several fold and lead to inclusion of a short internal exon both in vitro and in vivo. However, three copies of a B-type ligand were much less active. The finding that RSF1 acts as a potent repressor of pre-mRNA splicing in vitro led us to propose that the equilibrium between a limited number of structurally-related general splicing activators or repressors, competing for common or promiscuous binding sites, may be a major determinant of the underlying mechanisms controlling many alternative pre-mRNA process-ing events.