gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Links between Plant and Rhizoplane Bacterial Communities in Grassland Soils, Characterized Using Molecular Techniques (2005)

Molecular analysis of grassland rhizosphere soil has demonstrated complex and diverse bacterial communities, with resultant difficulties in detecting links between plant and bacterial communities. These studies have, however, analyzed "bulk" rhizosphere soil, rather than rhizoplane communities, which interact most closely with plants through utilization of root exudates. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that plant species was a major driver for bacterial rhizoplane community composition on individual plant roots. DNA extracted from individual roots was used to determine plant identity, by analysis of the plastid tRNA leucine (trnL) UAA gene intron, and plant-related bacterial communities. Bacterial communities were characterized by analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes using two fingerprinting methods: terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Links between plant and bacterial rhizoplane communities could not be detected by visual examination of T-RFLP patterns or DGGE banding profiles. Statistical analysis of fingerprint patterns did not reveal a relationship between bacterial community composition and plant species but did demonstrate an influence of plant community composition. The data also indicated that topography and other, uncharacterized, environmental factors are important in driving bacterial community composition in grassland soils. T-RFLP had greater potential resolving power than DGGE, but findings from the two methods were not significantly different.
Putative SNP discovery in interspecific hybrids of catfish by comparative EST analysis (2003)

In this study, we identified putative SNP markers within genes by comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Comparison of 849 ESTs from blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) with >11,000 ESTs from channel catfish (I. punctatus) deposited in GenBank resulted in the identification of 1020 putative SNPs within 161 genes, of which 145 were nuclear genes of known function. The observed frequency of SNPs within ESTs of the two closely related catfish species was 1.32 SNP per 100 bp. The majority of identified SNPs differed between the two species and, therefore, these SNPs are useful for mapping genes in channel catfish x blue catfish interspecific resource families. The SNPs that differed within species were also observed; these can be applied to genome scans in channel catfish resource families.
Collaboration: No free hunches (1992)

Stung by complaints from Europe and the US that Japan is enthusiastic about applying the results of other people's research but not about contributing new technologies to the international community, the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) has announced plans for collaboration with foreign governments.
Unique Application of EM LWD Casing Antenna System to Rocky Mountain Drilling (2014)

Abstract Certain formations in the Rocky Mountains preclude the use of electromagnetic (EM) telemetry due to their inherent resistivities. A new system has been developed that extends the use of EM telemetry systems where they were previously not usable. The system involves installing a special downhole antenna when surface or intermediate casing is run to improve EM signal to noise ratio. The casing antenna system not only allows operators to take advantage of the benefits of EM logging-while-drilling (LWD) systems but also extends the drilling depth range where data can be provided. Drilling wells in the Powder River Basin often requires heavy mud weights and the extensive use of lost circulation material (LCM). Unfortunately, these types of muds play havoc on standard mud pulse telemetry systems. Washed equipment and downhole failures related to plugged pulsers often result in multiple trips for failures and excessive nonproductive time (NPT). This new EM LWD system, by contrast, has no moving parts and a through-bore, which allows for higher concentrations of LCM and heavy weighting materials to pass easily through the bottom hole assembly (BHA). The system is combinable with a variety of LWD sensors so the telemetry type proves especially useful in areas that experience high LCM incidents. A key aspect of this system is that it also extends the depth range of where EM LWD systems can operate. Along with a compensated resistivity tool, a unique LWD spectral azimuthal gamma ray (SAGR) sensor, which provides accurate formation evaluation data, high quality gamma ray images and spectral elemental analysis, was used to help geosteer the well to stay in the zone of interest in the reservoir. This paper will examine a case study where the new system was used in an area where drilling with EM was not previously possible. It will describe the basic system design, key operating parameters, provide insight on the drilling problems, and address formation evaluation challenges and solutions.
A multiresolutional approach to target tracking (2002)

An approach of multiresolutional target tracking is proposed in this paper. The wavelet transform is employed to facilitate the multiresolutional approach. The application of the approach to tracking dim targets, one of the most challenging tasks in target tracking, is investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Error handling in the NSLS control system (2002)

The error handling software is an important component of the NSLS control system and has been in use since 1982. Following the major control system upgrade, the error processing software has been improved at both micro and workstation levels. This note describes strategies used in error detection and reporting and the workstation software used for display and analysis of error messages.
Cyclosporine Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1994)

Currently, patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease are treated sequentially with 5-aminosalicylic acid preparations, corticosteroids, and mercaptopurine or azathioprine; metronidazole is beneficial in patients with colonic or perianal Crohn's disease. New systems to deliver 5-aminosalicylic acid are useful in patients with Crohn's disease of the small intestine and eliminate sulfapyridine-associated toxicity, but they are not more effective than sulfasalazine for colonic inflammation. Mercaptopurine and azathioprine are effective in patients with steroid-dependent or unresponsive Crohn's disease, but a three-month delay in response limits their use in acutely ill patients.The medical community and patients with inflammatory bowel disease have eagerly . . .
BKM: a new hardware algorithm for complex elementary functions (1994)

A new algorithm for computing the complex logarithm and exponential functions is proposed. This algorithm is based on shift-and-add elementary steps, and it generalizes some algorithms by Briggs and De Lugish (1970), as well as the CORDIC algorithm. It can easily be used to compute the classical real elementary functions (sin, cos, arctan, ln, exp). This algorithm is more suitable for computations in a redundant number system than the CORDIC algorithm, since there is no scaling factor when computing trigonometric functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single-Cell Network Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Healthy Donors Reveals Age- and Race-Associated Differences in Immune Signaling Pathway Activation (2012)

A greater understanding of the function of the human immune system at the single-cell level in healthy individuals is critical for discerning aberrant cellular behavior that occurs in settings such as autoimmunity, immunosenescence, and cancer. To achieve this goal, a systems-level approach capable of capturing the response of the interdependent immune cell types to external stimuli is required. In this study, an extensive characterization of signaling responses in multiple immune cell subpopulations within PBMCs from a cohort of 60 healthy donors was performed using single-cell network profiling (SCNP). SCNP is a multiparametric flow cytometry-based approach that enables the simultaneous measurement of basal and evoked signaling in multiple cell subsets within heterogeneous populations. In addition to establishing the interindividual degree of variation within a broad panel of immune signaling responses, the possible association of any observed variation with demographic variables including age and race was investigated. Using half of the donors as a training set, multiple age- and race-associated variations in signaling responses in discrete cell subsets were identified, and several were subsequently confirmed in the remaining samples (test set). Such associations may provide insight into age-related immune alterations associated with high infection rates and diminished protection following vaccination and into the basis for ethnic differences in autoimmune disease incidence and treatment response. SCNP allowed for the generation of a functional map of healthy immune cell signaling responses that can provide clinically relevant information regarding both the mechanisms underlying immune pathological conditions and the selection and effect of therapeutics.
The Adjuvant Effect of Silicone-Gel on Antibody Formation in Rats (1993)

The extent of immunological adjuvancy of silicone-gel, from mammary implants, up to now, has not been determined definitively. This study compares the immune potentiation effects of silicone-gel with that of Freund's adjuvant, using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the test antigen in rats. Sixty, 250 gr., male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups: I- phosphate buffered saline (PBS) only, II- silicone oil (Dow Corning Medical Grade 360 liquid silicone), III- 50% silicone-gel (McGhan Medical Corp.- mammary implant) in silicone oil, IV- complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), V- incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), and VI- 50% silicone oil in IFA. Each adjuvant was mixed or emulsified with an equal volume of 50 micrograms of BSA in 150 microliters of PBS. Each immunization was given intramuscularly in a single injection. Cardiac puncture test bleeds were taken at 12, 22, 40 and 56 days post immunization and the serum anti-BSA-antibody was measured by ELISA. The results indicate that silicone-gel is a potent immunological adjuvant, compared to both CFA and IFA. Silicone oil alone is not as potent as adjuvant and seems to inhibit the immune response when mixed with IFA. There thus appears to be a distinct possibility that silicone-gel may also be able to mediate an auto-immune reaction.
Recognition and repair of chemically heterogeneous structures at DNA ends (2014)

Exposure to environmental toxicants and stressors, radiation, pharmaceutical drugs, inflammation, cellular respiration, and routine DNA metabolism all lead to the production of cytotoxic DNA strand breaks. Akin to splintered wood, DNA breaks are not "clean." Rather, DNA breaks typically lack DNA 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl moieties required for DNA synthesis and DNA ligation. Failure to resolve damage at DNA ends can lead to abnormal DNA replication and repair, and is associated with genomic instability, mutagenesis, neurological disease, ageing and carcinogenesis. An array of chemically heterogeneous DNA termini arises from spontaneously generated DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs), and also from normal and/or inappropriate DNA metabolism by DNA polymerases, DNA ligases and topoisomerases. As a front line of defense to these genotoxic insults, eukaryotic cells have accrued an arsenal of enzymatic first responders that bind and protect damaged DNA termini, and enzymatically tailor DNA ends for DNA repair synthesis and ligation. These nucleic acid transactions employ direct damage reversal enzymes including Aprataxin (APTX), Polynucleotide kinase phosphatase (PNK), the tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterases (TDP1 and TDP2), the Ku70/80 complex and DNA polymerase β (POLβ). Nucleolytic processing enzymes such as the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1/CtIP complex, Flap endonuclease (FEN1) and the apurinic endonucleases (APE1 and APE2) also act in the chemical "cleansing" of DNA breaks to prevent genomic instability and disease, and promote progression of DNA- and RNA-DNA damage response (DDR and RDDR) pathways. Here, we provide an overview of cellular first responders dedicated to the detection and repair of abnormal DNA termini.
Prolonged immune deficiency following allogeneic stem cell transplantation: risk factors and complications in adult patients (2001)

To evaluate the long-term immune reconstitution after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT), we prospectively screened standard immune parameters in a series of 105 patients, at a median time of 15 months after SCT. Analysing lymphoid phenotypes, in vitro immune functions and immunoglobulin levels, we found that, more than 1 year post SCT, cellular and humoral immunity was still altered in a significant number of patients. CD4+ T cells were < 200/microl in one third of patients, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was still reversed in 78% of patients. Almost all patients showed positive T-cell responses against mitogens, but antigen-specific proliferation assays identified 20% to 80% of non-responders. B-cell counts were reconstituted in 61% of the patients, but levels of total immunoglobulins were still low in 59%. In multivariate analyses, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) disparity between donor and recipient and chronic graft-versus-host disease were the leading causes affecting immune reconstitution. Interestingly, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were strongly associated with normal CD8+ T-cell counts. Studying the impact of impaired immune reconstitution on the rate of infections occurring in the 6 years following screening, we identified three parameters (low B-cell count, inverted CD4/CD8 ratio, and negative response to tetanus toxin) as significant risk factors for developing such late infections.
The performance analysis of reverse power control for DS/CDMA system (2002)

We consider a 2-tier DS/CDMA cellular system, and analyze the power control performance on the reverse link. It is assumed the radio channel experiences independent Rayleigh fading. The effects of the power control parameters such as the power control step size, BER of the power control bit, and the velocity of the mobile station are described. In order to improve the effect of power control, a variable step size power control scheme is required for the radio channel environment.
电子商务：存其真 去其伪 (2000)

公司高级主管认为必需建立电子商务紧迫感的时代已经一去不复返了，网上交易的商机如涓涓细水已迅速汇成滔滔洪流，企业组织内部的各种构想层出不穷，纯粹的网上经营者希望结成伙伴，传统竞争者希望推动整个行业的因特网经营，相关行业的公司希望重塑价值链，不知名的创业者拥有利用网络外资产创造网络财富的最新理念，大量机会不期而至，层出不穷。
Thermal conductivity and thermopower of vapor-grown graphite fibers (1985)

Values for the thermal conductivity and thermopower of graphite fibers grown by pyrolysis of natural gas are reported between 10 and 370 K. The measurements were made along the fiber axis on both as-grown fibers and fibers heat treated to 3000 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. It is shown that heat treatment improves the thermal conductivity by a factor of 50: at room temperature highly heat-treated fibers rank among the very best thermal conductors available. We quantitatively interpret our low-temperature thermal conductivity data using the phonon dispersion relation for graphite. Remarkable agreement is achieved between the phonon mean free paths we deduce from our measurements and defect structures we identify in electron micrographs. The thermopower data we report on the highly heat-treated fibers are very similar to those obtained on single-crystal graphite.
Voltage Stability Assessment of the Swiss Power Transmission System (2010)

ii Swissgrid AG is the sole Transmission System Operator in Switzerland and, as such, responsible for the provision of reactive power resources for maintaining the voltage within predefined limits. In this context, scope of the current study is to quantify the voltage stability limits of the Swiss Power System and identify the determining factors which may lead to voltage instability incidents. Two models are developed for the steady-state evaluation of the system and its post-disturbance behavior. iv
Wavelet domain one-bit transform for low-complexity motion estimation (2006)

One bit transforms have been proposed for low-complexity motion estimation by reducing the representation order to a single bit, and employing binary matching criteria. As a single bit is used to represent the image information it is important that the transformation captures local detail successfully to enable reasonable motion estimation accuracy. This paper elaborates on one-bit transformation approaches proposed in the literature by utilizing a wavelet domain transformation. The proposed approach is shown to improve the motion estimation accuracy of one-bit transform based low-complexity motion estimation.
Effects of six carbohydrate sources on dog diet digestibility and post‐prandial glucose and insulin response* (2008)

The effects of six extruded diets with different starch sources (cassava flour, brewer's rice, corn, sorghum, peas or lentils) on dog total tract apparent digestibility and glycemic and insulinemic response were investigated. The experiment was carried out on thirty-six dogs with six dogs per diet in a completely randomized design. The diets containing brewer's rice and cassava flour presented the greatest digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and gross energy (p < 0.05), followed by corn and sorghum; pea and lentil diets had the lowest. Starch digestibility was greater than 98% in all diets and was greater for brewer's rice and cassava flour than for lentils and peas diets (p < 0.05). Dogs' immediate post-prandial glucose and insulin responses (AUC < or = 30 min) were greater for brewer's rice, corn, and cassava flour diets (p < 0.05), and later meal responses (AUC > or = 30 min) were greater for sorghum, lentil and pea diets (p < 0.05). Variations in diet digestibility and post-prandial response can be explained by differences in chemical composition of each starch source including fibre content and starch granule structure. The nutritional particularities of each starch ingredient can be explored through diet formulations designed to modulate glycemic response. However, more studies are required to support these.
Using Case Studies To Teach Cybersecurity Courses (2018)

This paper introduces a holistic and case-analysis teaching model by integrating case studies into cybersecurity courses. The proposed model starts by analyzing real-world cyber breaches. Students look into the details of these attacks and learn how these attacks took place from the beginning to the end. During the process of case analysis, a list of security topics reflecting different aspects of these breaches is introduced. Through guided in-class discussion and hands-on lab assignments, student learning in lecture will be reinforced. Overall, the entire cybersecurity course is driven by case studies. The proposed model is great for teaching cybersecurity. First, the new model can easily draw students’ interests with real-world cases. Second, the new model can help to teach human and business factors in cybersecurity. Third, the new model can improve student learning outcomes, particularly helping students gain a holistic view of security.
Geodetic and Geophysical Applications of High Precision Astrometry (2000)

Abstract High precision astrometry has a long history of making fundamental contributions to geodesy and geophysics extending centuries into the past, and has provided the foundation for many exciting developments in geophysics in the last several decades. In the 1970s, geodetic VLBI and laser ranging provided the first direct measurement of plate tectonic deformation of the crust. These techniques have also revolutionized the study of Earth rotation by providing sufficient precision to measure climate variability, internal structure, and physical properties. Astrometry will continue to be important in a variety of geophysical problems because of its unique ability to determine Earth orientation relative to a stable celestial frame.
An in silico study on molecular level interactions of host Siderocalin with siderophores from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other bacterial species (2014)

Background Tuberculosis (TB) drug research and development has witnessed resurgence in recent times primarily due to the high mortality rates despite the availability of front line drugs and a prominent BCG vaccine. Synergy of TB with HIV is another factor which has warranted a search for newer therapeutic interventions. Treatment of latent TB infection is also the need of the hour. Iron acquisition is an important virulence mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). To scavenge iron, bacterial species have developed high affinity, low molecular weight iron chelators termed as siderophores. To counteract the detrimental effect of microbial iron acquisition systems, the host secretes a 21kDa lipocalin protein (Siderocalin) that binds with these iron laden siderophores in an attempt to restrict the growth of MTB within host macrophages.
Direct Process for Preparation of Arylhalosilanes (1959)

A practical method for the synthesis of arylhalosilanes is afforded by the high-pressure reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons with hydrogen containing halosilanes, as represented by: C6H6 + HSiCl3 → PhSiCl3 + H2 This reaction proceeds under autogenous pressure at about 400°C. without a catalyst, or as low as 230°C. in the presence of a catalyst of the Friedel-Crafts type. The threshold temperature is further lowered, markedly, by organosubstitution of the halosilane and, to lesser degree, by substitution on the aromatic ring. As an example, in the reaction of methyldichlorosilane with benzene to produce methylphenyldichlorosilane, the threshold temperature is 130°C. These processes yield interesting by-products resulting from polyarylation of the silane as well as polysilylation of the aromatic nucleus. The synthetic method is described here in some detail and a possible siliconium ion reaction mechanism is considered in an effort to explain the nature of the products and by-products.
Stable long-chain fluoroxy compounds and their chemistry (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable long-chain fluoroxy compounds and their chemistryWilliam E. Barnette, Robert C. Wheland, William J. Middleton, and Shlomo RozenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 20, 3698–3701Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00220a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00220a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts