gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electricity Production by<i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i>Attached to Electrodes (2003)

ABSTRACT Previous studies have suggested that members of the Geobacteraceae can use electrodes as electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration. In order to better understand this electron transfer process for energy production, Geobacter sulfurreducens was inoculated into chambers in which a graphite electrode served as the sole electron acceptor and acetate or hydrogen was the electron donor. The electron-accepting electrodes were maintained at oxidizing potentials by connecting them to similar electrodes in oxygenated medium (fuel cells) or to potentiostats that poised electrodes at +0.2 V versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (poised potential). When a small inoculum of G. sulfurreducens was introduced into electrode-containing chambers, electrical current production was dependent upon oxidation of acetate to carbon dioxide and increased exponentially, indicating for the first time that electrode reduction supported the growth of this organism. When the medium was replaced with an anaerobic buffer lacking nutrients required for growth, acetate-dependent electrical current production was unaffected and cells attached to these electrodes continued to generate electrical current for weeks. This represents the first report of microbial electricity production solely by cells attached to an electrode. Electrode-attached cells completely oxidized acetate to levels below detection (<10 μM), and hydrogen was metabolized to a threshold of 3 Pa. The rates of electron transfer to electrodes (0.21 to 1.2 μmol of electrons/mg of protein/min) were similar to those observed for respiration with Fe(III) citrate as the electron acceptor (E o ′ =+0.37 V). The production of current in microbial fuel cell (65 mA/m 2 of electrode surface) or poised-potential (163 to 1,143 mA/m 2 ) mode was greater than what has been reported for other microbial systems, even those that employed higher cell densities and electron-shuttling compounds. Since acetate was completely oxidized, the efficiency of conversion of organic electron donor to electricity was significantly higher than in previously described microbial fuel cells. These results suggest that the effectiveness of microbial fuel cells can be increased with organisms such as G. sulfurreducens that can attach to electrodes and remain viable for long periods of time while completely oxidizing organic substrates with quantitative transfer of electrons to an electrode.
Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry To Map the Quinol Binding Site of Cytochrome <i>bo</i><sub>3</sub> from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

The cytochrome bo3 ubiquinol oxidase contains at least one and possibly two binding sites for ubiquinol/ubiquinone. Previous studies used the photoreactive affinity label 3-[3H]azido-2-methyl-5-methoxy-6-geranyl-1,4-benzoquinone (azido-Q), a substrate analogue, to demonstrate that subunit II contributes to at least one of the quinol binding sites. In the current work, mass spectroscopy is used to identify a peptide within subunit II that is photolabeled by the azido-Q. Purified cytochrome bo3 was photolabeled as previously described using azido-Q that was not tritiated (i.e., not radiolabeled). Subunit II was then isolated from an SDS-PAGE gel and proteolyzed in situ with trypsin. The resulting peptides were eluted from the gel and then identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The resulting mass spectrum was compared to that obtained by analysis of subunit II that had not been exposed to the photolabel. Using the amino acid sequence, each peak in the mass spectrum of the unlabeled subunit II could be assigned to an expected trypsin fragment. Two additional peaks were observed in the mass spectrum of the photolabeled subunit with m/z 1931.9 and 2287.7. Subtraction of the mass of azido-Q from the peak at m/z 1931.9 results in a mass equivalent to that of a peptide consisting of amino acids 165-178. The assignment of the peak at m/z 2287.7 cannot be made unequivocally and may correspond either to the covalent attachment of azido-Q to peptide 254-270 or to a peptide resulting from incomplete proteolysis. The labeled peptide, 165-178, is within the water-soluble domain of subunit II, whose X-ray structure is known. This peptide is located near the site where CuA is located in the homologous cytochrome c oxidases and can be placed near the interface between subunits I and II.
Powdery mildew control on pumpkin with organic and synthetic fungicides: 2009 field trial (2009)

Several species of powdery mildews are obligate biotrophs of crops in the Cucurbitaceae. These pathogens rapidly colonize green tissues via asexual reproduction and can negatively affect host physiology. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the efficacy of organic and synthetic fungicides (registered and experimental products) for control of powdery mildew in pumpkin cv. Sorcerer. Following six weeks of fungicide applications, disease incidence (percentage of infected leaves within a plot) and disease severity (colony density on the leaf surface) was generally lowest in plants treated with synthetic materials (quinoxyfen, penthiopyrad, triflumizole, and mixed programs of triflumizole/quinoxyfen, myclobutanil/quinoxyfen/ trifloxystrobin, and myclobutanil/penthiopyrad/ trifloxystrobin). âSoft-chemistryâ materials such as paraffinic oil, tea tree oil, hydrogen peroxide, and the biocontrol agent, Strepyomyces lydicus WYEC108, were less effective at managing disease when used alone. However, tea tree oil and S. lydicus substantially reduced disease incidence and severity when used in a program with quinoxyfen, suggesting that good disease management can be maintained while significantly reducing use of synthetic fungicides.
Practical methods of short-term storage of homografts (1964)

Introduction A practical concept of tissue banking must evolve from clinical demand and economic feasibility. It is the purpose of this paper to present methods of tissue procurement and processing which are satisfactory for limited storage periods and are within the economic capabilities of the average community hospital. The ready availability of tissues from the recently deceased should enable surgeons to meet their requirements for all homografts which are currently practical for human transplantation. Studies based upon tissue culture of postmortem tissues indicate that viability is retained by most of these tissues for at least 24 hours after clinical death. 1 The practice of removing tissues for human transplantation within this 24 hour period has been substantiated by the clinical results obtained from the use of this material in a large number of patients. 2 It is therefore possible for the physician to use cadavers as a source of satisfactory
Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization by using a tunable mid-infrared free-electron laser (1996)

Initial results of infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (IR-MALDI) mass spectrometry of proteins by using the Vanderbilt free-electron laser as the source of selective vibrational excitation are reported. The ability of this laser to initiate desorption and ionization by excitation of specific vibrational modes is demonstrated. For the first time it is shown that IR-MALDI mass spectrometry at wavelengths other than those available from conventional fixed-frequency IR lasers, that is, 2.79 (Er:YSGG), 2.94 (Er:YAG), and 9.3-10.6 µm (CO2), is feasible and exhibits similar performance. IR-MALDI mass spectra were taken in the wavelength ranges 2.8-4 and 5.5-6.5 µm, covering the absorption bands of the O-H and C=O stretch vibrations typical of many organic compounds such as succinic acid, fumaric acid, or nicotinic acid, which were used as matrices in these studies. A comparison between these results and Er:YAG/YSGG MALDI data are given. The potential of IR-MALDI at wavelengths near the C=O stretch vibration and the possibilities for studies of the IR-MALDI mechanisms by using this kind of tunable source are discussed.
Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction HEMTs with an improved breakdown voltage (2012)

We studied the performance of AlGaN/GaN double heterojunction high electron mobility transistors (DH-HEMTs) with an AlGaN buffer layer, which leads to a higher potential barrier at the backside of the twodimensional electron gas channel and better carrier confinement.This, remarkably, reduces the drain leakage current and improves the device breakdown voltage.The breakdown voltage of AlGaN/GaN double heterojunction HEMTs ( 100 V) was significantly improved compared to that of conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMTs ( 50 V) for the device with gate dimensions of 0.5 100 m and a gate-drain distance of 1 m.The DH-HEMTs also demonstrated a maximum output power of 7.78 W/mm, a maximum power-added efficiency of 62.3% and a linear gain of 23 dB at the drain supply voltage of 35 V at 4 GHz.
51 PHENOTYPIC VARIATION IN CLONED SWINE IS CORRECTED IN THE F1 GENERATION (2004)

Systematic studies of cloned animals generated from adult somatic cell nuclei are critical in assessing the utility of somatic cell cloning in various applications, including the safety of food products from cloned animals and their offspring. Studies in mice show that abnormalities seen in the cloned parents are not transmitted to the siblings. To our knowledge, however, there are no studies on the F1 progeny of clones from food animals. Previously, we compared somatic cell derived cloned pigs with naturally bred control pigs on a series of physiological and genetic parameters. Phenotypic and genetic analyses indicated that there are two classes of traits, one in which the cloned pigs have less variation than controls and another characterized by variation that is equally high in cloned and control pigs. We have extended our studies to the F1 progeny of these clones to see whether these phenotypic differences are transmitted to the next generation. Age-, sex-, and breed-matched cloned and control pigs, housed together since weaning, were used in this study. Starting with their second estrus cycle, standing gilts were mated two consecutive days. All gilts were mated to the same boar. Pregnant cloned (n = 9) and naturally bred (n = 5) gilts (F0) were allowed to farrow naturally, and number and sex of live offspring at birth (F1) recorded. There was no difference in the average litter size between litters from cloned gilts and naturally bred controls (7.78 ± 2.6 and 7.40 ± 3.0, respectively; mean ± SD) or in the degree of litter size variation (coefficients of variation of 33.4% and 40.5% for litters of clones and controls, respectively). Similarly there were no statistical differences between sex ratios from cloned litters (51%:49%; M:F) and control litters (59%:41%; M:F). Blood profiles among cloned pigs, control pigs, and their progeny were compared at two time points, i.e. 15 and 27 weeks, to quantify the effect of cloning on various blood parameters and their transmission to next generation. Although the range of values for all traits overlapped between different classes, the variation differed between F0 clones and F0 controls. In the clones there were two groups of traits: one in which cloned pigs had less variability than controls, and the other in which clones had the same variability as control pigs. In contrast, the variability between all of the traits in F1 progeny of both the clones and the control pigs was similar at 15 and 27 weeks, with one exception. Combined, our data and previous results in mice strongly support the hypothesis that offspring of clones are to all intent and purposes indistinguishable from offspring of naturally bred animals, and as such there should not be any increased risks associated with consumption of products from these animals. This work was supported from NIH grant HL 51587 to JAP.
Adenine specific DNAchemical sequencing reaction (1987)

DNA sequence determination according to the method of Maxam and Gilbert utilizes base-specific chemical modification reactions followed by a workup that causes cleavage of the sugar-phosphate backbone at the site of the modified base. Reactions have been reported that are capable of selective cleavage of DNA at G, G + A, A > G, A > C, C, C + T, and T residues. We describe here a simple protocol specific for adenine (A) that may be a useful addition to current chemical sequencing reactions. Reaction of DNA with K_2PdC1_4 at pH 2.0 followed by heating in the presence of piperidine produces an A-specific DNA cleavage reaction. The K_2PdCI_4 reaction involves selective depurination at adenine, affording an excision reaction analogous to the other chemical DNA sequencing reactions.
Overlay versus underlay tympanoplasty. Comparative study of 122 cases. (2003)

In tympanoplasty, the most common two techniques for positioning the graft relative to the remnant of both the tympanic membrane and of the annulus, are the "overlay" and the "underlay" techniques. Each technique has advantages and disadvantages.One hundred and twenty-two cases over the age of 8 years who had undergone a tympanoplasty for tympanic membrane perforation secondary to chronic otitis media were included. All patients had a minimum 3-month postoperative otoscopic and audiometric follow-up.of 122 cases, 115 tympanoplasties (94%) were anatomically successful. At frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz, the mean air-bone gap improved significantly from 21.7 dB preoperatively to 8.4 dB postoperatively giving a mean gain of 13.3 dB.In our series the underlay or overlay positioning of the graft does not significantly influence the rate of postoperative perforations or complications with the exception of epithelial pearls, which occur significantly more frequently following the overlay technique for perforations that require fibro-epidermal cleaving across a large area.
Allergens from <i>Dermatophagoides</i> mites with chymotryptic activity (1993)

A new set of allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae (provisionally named DP5 and DF5, respectively) was isolated from the whole culture of mites. The apparent molecular weights of both allergens were shown to be 25,000 on SDS-PAGE under a reducing condition and 27,000 on Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography. Both DP5 and DF5, as well as Der f III, possessed proteolytic activity. The results of substrate specificity and susceptibility to various protease inhibitors of DP5 and DF5 strongly suggested that they belonged to the chymotrypsin-like serine protease family. In sera from 88 mite-allergic patients, specific IgE antibodies to DP5 and/or DF5 were detected in only 41% of the sera by radio-allergosorbent test, while 90% and 93% had specific IgE antibodies to Der p I and/or Der f I and Der p II and/or Der f II, respectively.
The Application of Slip Joint Use in Space Frame Structure for Vehicle (2013)

The purpose of this paper is to analysis the finite element model of joint methods for chassis space frames of vehicles. Common tee-joint often have poor control of dimensional accuracy. The analysis includes the common tee-joint and new joint method. Although the new joint method will increase in weight a little and easily adjust the accuracy of space frame, it will also improve the connection strength.
Making sense of nanocrystal lattice fringes (2005)

The orientation dependence of thin-crystal lattice fringes can be gracefully quantified using fringe-visibility maps, a direct-space analog of Kikuchi maps [Nishikawa and Kikuchi, Nature (London) 121, 1019 (1928)]. As in navigation of reciprocal space with the aid of Kikuchi lines, fringe-visibility maps facilitate acquisition of crystallographic information from lattice images. In particular, these maps can help researchers to determine the three-dimensional lattice of individual nanocrystals, to “fringe-fingerprint” collections of randomly oriented particles, and to measure local specimen thickness with only a modest tilt. Since the number of fringes in an image increases with maximum spatial-frequency squared, these strategies (with help from more precise goniometers) will be more useful as aberration correction moves resolutions into the subangstrom range.
The Three-Dimensional Anatomy of Haversian Systems (1958)

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Division of Laboratories and Research, The Children's Medical Center; Harvard Medical School, Boston
RESPONSE AND FAILURE OF COMPOSITE PLATES WITH A BOLT-FILLED HOLE. (1998)

Abstract : This progress report summarizes the activities that have been performed under the sponsorship of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) under contract no. DEPT/95-G-012-0001 from May 1, 1996 to June 1, 1997. This program is considered to be a part of a special joint project between the FAA and the Boeing Company on the design of composite bolted joints. The major effort of the joint project is to develop the most advanced computer code for the analysis and design of bolted composite joints for the Boeing Company and the FAA. The major focus of the FAA program is on net-tension failure of composites containing a circular cutout with or without a mechanically tightened bolt, while the Boeing program focuses on the bearing damage of bolted joints in both double and single lap joints. This report describes the activities under FAA funding. Both experimental and analytical work have been conducted.
A Textured Model for Computationally Efficient Reactive Power Control and Management (1985)

The texture of the power system which govern, the interplay of reactive power and voltage is emulated by a textured model which assembles local groups of buses into a multi-leaf structure. Groups on the same leaf of the model are not coupled with each other, groups on different leaves overlap partially and are thus coupled. The paths of computational information are organized in an efficient manner and inefficient computation and information paths are eliminated, yet the computation converges to the exact solution, not an approximate one. The resulting model is ideally suited for parallel processing especially since there is no sequential component in the computation no computation overhead and (if the size of the groups and their numbers per leaf are uniform) there is no waiting time. Computation time savings of as much as 100÷1 (i.e. a hundred fold saving) were observed in experiments on steepest descent algorithms with systems of around 100 buses. Computation times also favorably compare with existing speed up techniques such as block pivoting. Computation times for common algorithms (like matrix manipulations, Newton-Raphson, linear and nonlinear programming) increase with the system size at a fast non- linear rate. The computation times remain essentially constant for the textured model in parallel processing. Thus very large computation time savings are implied on larger systems. Consequently this new model should prove to be a valuable tool for on line computations in the course of reactive power control and management.
Asymptotic Analysis of Optimum and Suboptimum CDMA Downlink MMSE Receivers (2004)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of two linear receivers for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) downlink transmissions over frequency-selective channels, the users having possibly different powers. The optimum minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receiver is first considered. Because this receiver requires the knowledge of the code vectors attributed to all the users within the cell when these vectors are time varying, its use may be unrealistic in the forward link. A classical suboptimum receiver, consisting in a chip rate equalizer followed by a despreading with the code of the user of interest, is therefore studied and compared to the optimum MMSE receiver. Performance of both receivers is assessed through the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at their outputs. The analytical expressions of these SINRs depend in a rather nonexplicit way on the codes allocated to the users of the cell, and are therefore not informative. This difficulty is dealt with by modeling the users code matrix by a random matrix. Because the code matrices used in the forward link are usually isometric, the code matrix is assumed to be extracted from a Haar-distributed random unitary matrix. The behavior of the SINRs is studied when the spreading factor and the number of users converge to /spl infin/ at the same rate. Using certain results of the free probability theory, we establish the fact that the SINRs converge almost surely toward quantities that depend only on the complex amplitudes of propagation channel paths. We then use the expressions of these SINR limits to discuss the influence of the various parameters on the performance of the receivers.
Camera-based detection and removal of shadows from interactive multiprojector displays (2004)

Front-projection displays are a cost-effective and increasingly popular method for large format visualization and immersive rendering of virtual models. New approaches to projector tiling, automatic calibration, and color balancing have made multiprojector display systems feasible without undue infrastructure changes and maintenance. As a result, front-projection displays are being used to generate seamless, visually immersive worlds for virtual reality and visualization applications with reasonable cost and maintenance overhead. However, these systems suffer from a fundamental problem: Users and other objects in the environment can easily and inadvertently block projectors, creating shadows on the displayed image. Shadows occlude potentially important information and detract from the sense of presence an immersive display may have conveyed. We introduce a technique that detects and corrects shadows in a multiprojector display while it is in use. Cameras observe the display and compare observations with an expected image to detect shadowed regions. These regions are transformed to the appropriate projector frames, where corresponding pixel values are increased and/or attenuated. In display regions where more than one projector contributes to the image, shadow regions are eliminated.
GEOGRIDS IN REINFORCING ASPHALTIC PAVEMENTS (1990)

Several geogrid materials have been introduced on to the civil engineering scene within the past few years. Reduction in such undesirable features as rutting and reflective cracking, with an increase in pavement fatigue life have been variously claimed as a result of their usage. The grids are composed either of polypropylene (e.g., Netlon Tensar AR grade) or high modulus woven (yarn) polyester fibres (e.g., Rehau Armapal or HaTelit). This paper reviews the various properties claimed for the grid types, using the examples given above, discusses grid installation, and presents the evidence to date on the efficiency of the use of geogrids in reinforcing asphaltic pavements.
Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells (2006)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a rare subset of stem cells residing in the bone marrow where they closely interact with hematopoietic stem cells and support their growth and differentiation. MSC can differentiate into multiple mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal lineages, providing a promising tool for tissue repair. In addition, MSC suppress many T cell, B cell and NK cell functions and may affect also dendritic cell activities. Due to their limited immunogenicity, MSC are poorly recognized by HLA-incompatible hosts. Based on these unique properties, MSC are currently under investigation for their possible use to treat immuno-mediated diseases. However, both their condition of immunoprivilege and their immunosuppressive function have recently been challenged when analyzed under particular experimental conditions. Thus, it is likely that MSC effects on the immune system may be deeply influenced not only by cell-to-cell interactions, but also by environmental factors shaping their phenotype and functions.