gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracellular signaling mechanisms of sex hormones in acute myocardial inflammation and injury (2005)

Sex hormones are important modifiers of the acute inflammatory response to injury, an important aspect of myocardial depression and apoptosis following ischemia or endotoxemia. Hemorrhage, trauma, ischemia/reperfusion, burn and sepsis each lead to cardiac dysfunction. Gender has been shown to influence the inflammatory response as well as outcomes following acute injury. The mechanisms by which sex affects the inflammatory response and the outcome to acute injury are being actively investigated. It is now recognized that myocardial inflammation plays a crucial role in I/R-induced myocardial dysfunction. Inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-alpha are produced by cardiomyocytes and contribute to myocardial functional depression and apoptosis. Gender differences in the inflammatory response following burn injury have been demonstrated. However, gender differences in the setting of acute I/R-induced inflammation are unclear. In addition, a critical component of the signal transduction pathway leading to myocardial inflammation is the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In other systems, it appears that gender differences exist in the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The inflammatory response, including the p38 MAPK signaling cascade and expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, may precipitate cardiomyocyte apoptosis following I/R injury. Apoptosis may be an essential component in the pathogenesis of heart failure, and there is evidence that myocyte apoptosis in the failing human heart is markedly lower in women than in men. The prevention of cell death attenuates I/R-induced injury on myocardial anatomy and performance. This review will: 1) examine evidence for gender differences in the outcome to acute injury; 2) explain the myocardial inflammatory response to acute injury; and 3) elucidate the various mechanisms by which gender and sex hormones affect the myocardial response to acute injury.
Studies on dry spinning. I. Fundamental equations (1969)

Abstract One difficulty in analyzing the state of filament in the dry spinning process is that in the boundary conditions required to solve the equations of mass, momentum and energy which are derived on the consideration of balance with respect to infinitesimally small element are not given a priori . The equations which include these boundary conditions in themselves are derived by considering mass, momentum, and energy balances with respect to the entire cross section of filament. These additional macroscopic equations are simplified to a great extent by assuming the flat velocity profile through the cross section of filament. Besides, in the steady state, these macroscopic equations are modified to give the equations of average solvent content, spinning tension, cross‐sectional area, and average temperature. When the spinning conditions are given and the physical constants are measured for a given polymer and solvent system, it becomes possible to calculate the state of filament by solving these microscopic and macroscopic equations simultaneously without resorting to actual spinning.
A New Route to Hyperbranched Macromolecules:  Syntheses of Photosensitive Poly(aroylarylene)s via 1,3,5-Regioselective Polycyclotrimerization of Bis(aroylacetylene)s (2005)

A new synthetic route to hyperbranched polymers is developed. Polycyclotrimerizations of functional diynes 1−3 initiated by a simple base of piperidine lead to the formation of hyperbranched poly(aroylarylene)s P1−P3 with perfect 1,3,5-regioregularity and high degree of branching (up to 100%) in high yields (up to 99%). The polymers show high photosensitivities and can be readily photo-cross-linked to give photoresist patterns with nanometer resolutions.
A solid state Marx type modulator for driving a TWT (2000)

This paper describes a solid state Marx type modulator design delivering an 11 kilovolt, 2-4 /spl mu/sec pulse to the cathode of an X-band driver TWT. Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are used as on/off switches to operate the Marx circuit in the energy storage capacitor partial discharge mode. With the aid of a passive compensation circuit, a very flat TWT cathode driver pulse is obtained. The 2 /spl mu/sec, 11 kV pulse amplitude is flat to 0.06%.
Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Metabolites I. Synthesis of 25‐hydroxycholesterol (1974)

Abstract 25‐Hydroxycholesterin ( 4 ) ist in 30proz. Ausbeute in sieben Schritten aus Stigmasterin ( 6 ) hergestellt worden. Der wichtigste Schritt ist die Umsetzung des Tosylats 11 mit dem Acetylenderivat 13 zu 14 unter Bildung des vollständigen Cholesteringerüsts.
A Fast Image Encryption Scheme based on Chaotic Standard Map (2006)

In recent years, a variety of effective chaos-based image encryption schemes have been proposed. The typical structure of these schemes has the permutation and the diffusion stages performed alternatively. The confusion and diffusion effect is solely contributed by the permutation and the diffusion stage, respectively. As a result, more overall rounds than necessary are required to achieve a certain level of security. In this paper, we suggest to introduce certain diffusion effect in the confusion stage by simple sequential add-and-shift operations. The purpose is to reduce the workload of the time-consuming diffusion part so that fewer overall rounds and hence a shorter encryption time is needed. Simulation results show that at a similar performance level, the proposed cryptosystem needs less than one-third the encryption time of an existing cryptosystem. The effective acceleration of the encryption speed is thus achieved.
Neural network based systems for prostate cancer stage prediction (2000)

Artificial neural networks were applied to the problem of predicting whether a newly diagnosed prostate cancer is organ-confined, a critical factor in determining the treatment strategy. An effective and easy to use staging index was developed and probability estimates with confidence intervals were derived.
The winding road to regenerating the human heart (2015)

Previous work in clinical cell therapy for heart repair using bone marrow mononuclear cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and cardiac-derived cells have overall demonstrated safety and modest efficacy. Recent advancements using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have established them as a next generation cell type for moving forward, however certain challenges must be overcome for this technique to be successful in the clinics.
Structural–Functional Studies of <i>Burkholderia cenocepacia</i> <scp>d</scp>-Glycero-β-<scp>d</scp>-manno-heptose 7-Phosphate Kinase (HldA) and Characterization of Inhibitors with Antibiotic Adjuvant and Antivirulence Properties (2012)

As an essential constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide contributes significantly to virulence and antibiotic resistance. The lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway therefore serves as a promising therapeutic target for antivirulence drugs and antibiotic adjuvants. Here we report the structural-functional studies of D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate kinase (HldA), an absolutely conserved enzyme in this pathway, from Burkholderia cenocepacia. HldA is structurally similar to members of the PfkB carbohydrate kinase family and appears to catalyze heptose phosphorylation via an in-line mechanism mediated mainly by a conserved aspartate, Asp270. Moreover, we report the structures of HldA in complex with two potent inhibitors in which both inhibitors adopt a folded conformation and occupy the nucleotide-binding sites. Together, these results provide important insight into the mechanism of HldA-catalyzed heptose phosphorylation and necessary information for further development of HldA inhibitors.
Verification, Validation, and Test with Model-Based Design (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Model-Based Design with automatic code generation has long been employed for rapid prototyping and is increasing being used for mass production deployment. With the focus on production usage, comes the need to implement a comprehensive V&amp;V strategy involving models and resulting code.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A main principal of Model-Based Design is that generated code should behave like the simulation model. It should also be possible to verify that the model or design was fully implemented in the code. As a result, the transformation of models into generated code must be done in a way that facilitates traceability between the model and code. Also automated tests should be performed to determine that the code executes properly in its final software and hardware environments.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For example in a typical commercial vehicle application, the control algorithm and plant model are simulated together in a system simulation environment. Once the system model satisfies the requirements, the control model is checked to ensure that it has been fully exercised or covered. Once checked, code is then generated for production applications. The code is analyzed, tested, and compared to the original model results. Common model and code verification activities include software-in-the-loop (SIL), processor-in-the-loop (PIL), and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing. In addition to functional results, it is important especially for high-integrity systems, that the model and code have been checked and assessed to known standards.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes recent advances in verification, validation, and test technologies involving Model-Based Design with production code generation.</div>
Underground radio telecommunications (1973)

The author examines various solutions which have been used to obtain radio links with mobile transmitter/receivers in underground passages: free propagation, single cable, and inductive loop. He shows that those systems do not afford long ranges. He explains the improved propagation with twin cable and shows how its performance can be enhanced by means of mode convertors. He reviews coaxial cable systems and describes the use of indicating devices based on the principle of the annular gap.
Design of large scale applications of secure multiparty computation:secure linear programming (2012)

Secure multiparty computation is a basic concept of growing interest in modern cryptography. It allows a set of mutually distrusting parties to perform a computation on their private information in such a way that as little as possible is revealed about each private input. The early results of multiparty computation have only theoretical signi??cance since they are not able to solve computationally complex functions in a reasonable amount of time. Nowadays, e??ciency of secure multiparty computation is an important topic of cryptographic research. As a case study we apply multiparty computation to solve the problem of secure linear programming. The results enable, for example in the context of the EU-FP7 project SecureSCM, collaborative supply chain management. Collaborative supply chain management is about the optimization of the supply and demand con??guration of a supply chain. In order to optimize the total bene??t of the entire chain, parties should collaborate by pooling their sensitive data. With the focus on e??ciency we design protocols that securely solve any linear program using the simplex algorithm. The simplex algorithm is well studied and there are many variants of the simplex algorithm providing a simple and e??cient solution to solving linear programs in practice. However, the cryptographic layer on top of any variant of the simplex algorithm imposes restrictions and new complexity measures. For example, hiding the number of iterations of the simplex algorithm has the consequence that the secure implementations have a worst case number of iterations. Then, since the simplex algorithm has exponentially many iterations in the worst case, the secure implementations have exponentially many iterations in all cases. To give a basis for understanding the restrictions, we review the basic theory behind the simplex algorithm and we provide a set of cryptographic building blocks used to implement secure protocols evaluating basic variants of the simplex algorithm. We show how to balance between privacy and e??ciency; some protocols reveal data about the internal state of the simplex algorithm, such as the number of iterations, in order to improve the expected running times. For the sake of simplicity and e??ciency, the protocols are based on Shamir's secret sharing scheme. We combine and use the results from the literature on secure random number generation, secure circuit evaluation, secure comparison, and secret indexing to construct e??cient building blocks for secure simplex. The solutions for secure linear programming in this thesis can be split into two categories. On the one hand, some protocols evaluate the classical variants of the simplex algorithm in which numbers are truncated, while the other protocols evaluate the variants of the simplex algorithms in which truncation is avoided. On the other hand, the protocols can be separated by the size of the tableaus. Theoretically there is no clear winner that has both the best security properties and the best performance.
Direct Non‐Oxidative Methane Conversion in a Millisecond Catalytic Wall Reactor (2019)

Direct non-oxidative methane conversion (DNMC) has been recognized as a single-step technology that directly converts methane into olefins and higher hydrocarbons. High reaction temperature and low catalyst durability, resulting from the endothermic reaction and coke deposition, are two main challenges. We show that a millisecond catalytic wall reactor enables stable methane conversion, C<sub>2+</sub> selectivity, coke yield, and long-term durability. These effects originate from initiation of the DNMC on a reactor wall and maintenance of the reaction by gas-phase chemistry within the reactor compartment. The results obtained under various temperatures and gas flow rates form a basis for optimizing the process towards lighter C<sub>2</sub> or heavier aromatic products. A process simulation was done by Aspen Plus to understand the practical implications of this reactor in DNMC. High carbon and thermal efficiencies and low cost of the reactor materials are realized, indicating the technoeconomic viability of this DNMC technology.
Physiologic Control of the Functional Status of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells (2011)

Foxp3-lineage CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) were named for their ability to maintain self tolerance and suppress T cell immunity. However, resting Tregs from noninflamed tissues exhibit little suppressor activity, and must be stimulated to acquire such function. Conversely, under certain inflammatory conditions, Tregs may undergo rapid reprogramming to acquire helper/effector functions. In this Brief Review, we describe recent progress in elucidating physiologic processes that control the functional status of Foxp3-lineage Tregs. Emerging evidence suggests the surprising possibility that reprogrammed Tregs can be an indispensable source of helper activity in some physiologic settings, such as priming CD8(+) T cell responses. This suggests a novel paradigm in which Foxp3(+) Tregs intrinsically possess bifunctional potential, acting as a preformed pool of first-responder cells at sites of local inflammation that can either provide classical regulatory/suppressor activity, or rapidly reprogram to supply helper/effector activity, contingent on signals that manifest in local physiologic settings.
3D-QSAR of PET Agents for Imaging β-Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease (2007)

Accumulation of excess senile plaques (β-amyloid, Aβplaques) in the brain is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While there are no definitive treatments available to affect a cure of AD, much recent interest has been given to the development of antiamyloid therapies aimed at halting and reversing Aβ-deposition and, thus, monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy would greatly benefit from methods for the in vivo detection and quantification of Aβ-deposits in the brain. Several groups have reported a series of potential imaging agents for the in vivo imaging of Aβ-plaques with positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). However, to our knowledge, no three dimensional structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies on PET ligands have been published so far with the exception of CoMFA/CoMSIA study on serotonin transporter (SERT) ligands, and the aim of the present study was to quantitatively investigate structure-activity relationships (SAR) of PET ligands with regard to the future development of potential new PET radiotracers by using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA). In this study, we constructed a 3D-QSAR model with several PET ligands such as ThioT analogues and stilbene derivatives, which could be applied to predict binding affinity of the structurally related compounds against Aβplaques. From the literature, binding affinity data of 62 ThioT derivatives and 11 stilbene derivatives were obtained which were used for model building (Fig. 1). At first, the 73 compounds obtained from the literature were divided into two groups: 63 compounds as training set and the other 10 compounds as test set. The training set was used to build 3D-QSAR models with CoMFA and CoMSIA methods, while the test set was used to validate the 3D-
On the use of cyclic voltammetry for the study of anodic electron transfer in microbial fuel cells (2008)

In this communication we discuss, by means of the metal reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens, a strategy to use cyclic voltammetry for the study of anodic bioelectrocatalytic electron transfer in microbial fuel cells.
“Kiss and run” exocytosis at hippocampal synapses (2000)

We have combined electrophysiology and imaging to measure the release of neurotransmitter and fluorescent dye at synapses of cultured hippocampal neurons. These experiments have revealed a "kiss and run" mode of exocytosis in which synaptic vesicles release glutamate normally but do not permit dye to enter or escape from the vesicle. During "kiss and run," the vesicle interior may be exposed very transiently (<6 ms), or a special configuration of the fusion pore may prevent dye exchange. We estimate that about 20% of the vesicles normally use this "kiss and run" pathway, and that the fraction of "kiss and run" events can be increased to over 80% by superfusing the synapses with hypertonic solution.
Oracle Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Solutions (2007)

Most functional activities utilize all three types of muscle contraction. The purpose of this study was to examine concentric and eccentric force-velocity relationships of the knee extensors of 30 young, healthy females at seven velocities between 30 and 210 degrees /sec using the Kinetic Communicator. The average force produced by the quadriceps during three concentric and three eccentric contractions was calculated at each velocity. The force-velocity relationships were graphed and analyzed using linear regression techniques. Results showed that the mean slope of the combined linear regression lines of concentric data was -0.55, which is significantly different from a zero slope. This indicates that concentric force of the knee extensors decreases as velocity increases. The mean slope of the combined linear regression lines of the eccentric data was -0.04, indicating no significant change in eccentric force with an increase in velocity. It appears, therefore, that in the knee extensors of healthy, young females, concentric force decreases as velocity increases to 210 degrees /sec, while eccentric force remains the same. Both concentric and eccentric work are often emphasized in strength training programs. It is, therefore, important for professionals involved in the rehabilitation or training of patients and athletes to be aware of differences between eccentric and concentric force-velocity relationships. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1992;16(2):82-86.
Replacement of aromatic or heteroaromatic groups in nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents with the ferrocene group (1983)

Ferrocene analogues of the antiinflammatory agents tolmetin (1), fenbufen (2), flurbiprofen (3), and fenclofenac (4) were synthesized and tested for biological activity. The derivatives exhibited little or no antiarthritic or platelet antiaggregatory activity, indicating that the ferrocene moiety is a poor bioisostere for aromatic or heteroaromatic groups in nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents.
A Low Power All-Digital PLL With −40dBc In-Band Fractional Spur Suppression for NB-IoT Applications (2018)

This paper proposes a low-power fractional-N all-digital PLL (ADPLL) for the narrow-band Internet-of-Things applications. Multi-step lock controlling and oscillator tuning word coarse prediction algorithms help to accelerate the locking process to less than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . A digital-to-time converter (DTC) is used with a phase prediction algorithm to minimize the detection range of the time-to-digital converter for low power consumption. The <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma \Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> dither block is designed to improve the nonlinearity of DTC resulting in a −40-dBc in-band spur suppression. A low supply of 0.6-V digitally controlled oscillator has the frequency coverage of 1.5–2.05 GHz. Fabricated in a 55-nm CMOS, the ADPLL occupies an active area of 0.88 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 4 mW at 1.8 GHz. With a 24-MHz reference clock, the measurement results show that this work achieves better than −94-dBc/Hz in-band phase noise and −120.5 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset of 1.83-GHz carrier frequency. The FoM value is −233.4 dB, and the reference spur is −76.3 dBc.
Immunosuppressive mechanisms in glioblastoma: Fig. 1. (2015)

Despite maximal surgical and medical therapy, the treatment of glioblastoma remains a seriously vexing problem, with median survival well under 2 years and few long-term survivors. Targeted therapy has yet to produce significant advances in treatment of these lesions in spite of advanced molecular characterization of glioblastoma and glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising mode for some of the hardest to treat tumors, including metastatic melanoma. Although immunotherapy has been evaluated in glioblastoma in the past with limited success, better understanding of the failures of these therapies could lead to more successful treatments in the future. Furthermore, there is a persistent challenge for the use of immune therapy to treat glioblastoma secondary to the existence of redundant mechanisms of tumor-mediated immune suppression. Here we will address these mechanisms of immunosuppression in glioblastoma and therapeutic approaches.