gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct activities of p52/NF-kappa B required for proper secondary lymphoid organ microarchitecture: functions enhanced by Bcl-3. (1999)

Mice rendered deficient in p52, a subunit of NF-kappa B, or in Bcl-3, an I kappa B-related regulator that associates with p52 homodimers, share defects in the microarchitecture of secondary lymphoid organs. The mutant mice are impaired in formation of B cell follicles and are unable to form proper follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks upon antigenic challenge. The defects in formation of B cell follicles may be attributed, at least in part, to impaired production of the B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC) chemokine, possibly a result of defective FDCs. The p52- and Bcl-3-deficient mice exhibit additional defects within the splenic marginal zone, including reduced numbers of metallophilic macrophages, reduced deposition of the laminin-beta 2 chain and impaired expression of a mucosal addressin marker on sinus-lining cells. Whereas p52-deficient mice are severely defective in all of these aspects, Bcl-3-deficient mice are only partially defective. We determined that FDCs or other non-hemopoietic cells that underlie FDCs are intrinsically impaired in p52-deficient mice. Adoptive transfers of wild-type bone marrow into p52-deficient mice failed to restore FDC networks or follicles. The transfers did restore metallophilic macrophages to the marginal zone, however. Together, the results suggest that p52 carries out functions essential for a proper splenic microarchitecture in both hemopoietic and non-hemopoietic cells and that Bcl-3 is important in enhancing these essential activities of p52.
Surfactant-assisted, shape-controlled synthesis of gold nanocrystals (2011)

The shape control of gold nanocrystals has attracted extensive research interest because of their unique shape-dependent properties and widespread applications. Surfactants have been frequently used in the shape-controlled synthesis of gold nanocrystals in solution. In this feature article, we summarize some of the emerging colloidal approaches towards shape-tailored gold nanocrystals with the assistance of surfactants, focusing on the roles played by surfactants in shape control. We start with a discussion on the general strategies in shape control of gold nanocrystals, which include adsorbate-directed synthesis, seed-mediated synthesis, template-assisted synthesis, and the control of growth kinetics. Then, we highlight some recent progress in the gold nanocrystal synthesis assisted by single surfactants, mixed surfactants, supramolecular surfactants, as well as metal-surfactant complex templates, which is followed by a brief description of the potential applications of shaped gold nanocrystals in catalysis and molecular sensing.
Variations in MHC Class II Antigen Processing and Presentation in Health and Disease (2016)

MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules are critical in the control of many immune responses. They are also involved in most autoimmune diseases and other pathologies. Here, we describe the biology of MHC-II and MHC-II variations that affect immune responses. We discuss the classic cell biology of MHC-II and various perturbations. Proteolysis is a major process in the biology of MHC-II, and we describe the various components forming and controlling this endosomal proteolytic machinery. This process ultimately determines the MHC-II-presented peptidome, including cryptic peptides, modified peptides, and other peptides that are relevant in autoimmune responses. MHC-II also variable in expression, glycosylation, and turnover. We illustrate that MHC-II is variable not only in amino acids (polymorphic) but also in its biology, with consequences for both health and disease.
Power generation of millimeter-wave diamond IMPATT diodes (2003)

The results of a large-signal simulation of diamond IMPATT (impact avalanche and transit time) diodes are presented. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the potential of diamond IMPATTs as millimeter-wave power generators. This computer simulation is used to compare the performance of diamond IMPATTs with that of similar Si, GaAs, and InP devices. In addition, diamond IMPATT output power and power conversion efficiency are compared with experimental results on Si, GaAs and InP IMPATT and Gunn diodes. Thermal effects on the RF performance are investigated by means of an area-current-density plane analysis. The results indicate that diamond IMPATTs could produce power conversion efficiencies comparable to those of Si and GaAs. Due to their higher operating voltages and thermal conductivity, diamond IMPATTs could produce output power much greater than that of the other materials at frequencies below 100 GHz. At higher frequencies, diamond IMPATT performance is limited by its electrical properties and produces powers comparable to those of Si devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rayleigh Noise Mitigation Using Single-Sideband Modulation Generated by a Dual-Parallel MZM for Carrier Distributed PON (2010)

Hybrid passive optical networks (PONs) with a centralized light source (CLS) could be a promising solution for the next-generation PON. However, the network with a loop-back architecture will give rise to interferometric noise caused by Rayleigh backscattering (RB). Here, we propose and demonstrate a colorless optical networking unit (ONU) using a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM) to mitigate RB noise in a hybrid wavelength-division-multiplexing-time-division-multiplexing PON with CLS. Both dominant contributions of RB, carrier RB and signal RB, are experimentally characterized, for the first time, when using a DP-MZM as a reflective ONU. In addition, the split-ratio of a long-reach PON using the DP-MZM-based ONU is also investigated and analyzed, showing RB noise can be efficiently reduced.
Differential Cased-Hole Shear Anisotropy DCHSA Methodology as a Calibration and Evaluation Tool of Hydraulic Fracture Height in Colombian Fields (2014)

Abstract Due to specific reservoir features such as high skin levels and poor petrophysical properties, a common activity applied in order to reduce skin levels, and increase well productivity index, is hydraulic fracturing operation; this formation stimulation activity, use generation of preferential channels of high conductivity, in order to improve these reservoir features. Mechanical properties play a relevant role, during a successful fracturing job, planning and execution. Geomechanical parameters are valuable information, in order to select the most convenient intervals, to perform the fracturing job, and estimate the theoretical fracturing height results. Additional tools are essential in order to evaluate hydraulic fracture effectiveness; these tools will provide important information, related to fracture height, containment and complexity. This paper presents the application of differential cased hole shear anisotropy (DCHSA) methodology, in Chichimene and Castilla Colombian fields, where hydraulic fracture height was determined, based on acoustic logs information. By determining hydraulic fracture height, mechanical barriers can be identified, in some cases these barriers can be acting containing the fracture growth, and planning of following fracture jobs, can be optimized along field. Using differential cased hole shear anisotropy (DCHSA) methodology, a better understanding of post stimulation production results can be obtained, this information helps to reach better calibration of existing geomechanical model, and fracture design can be optimized, in order to improve fracturing planning, for better well production and field development optimization.
Analysis‐preserving video microscopy compression via correlation and mathematical morphology (2015)

The large amount video data produced by multi-channel, high-resolution microscopy system drives the need for a new high-performance domain-specific video compression technique. We describe a novel compression method for video microscopy data. The method is based on Pearson's correlation and mathematical morphology. The method makes use of the point-spread function (PSF) in the microscopy video acquisition phase. We compare our method to other lossless compression methods and to lossy JPEG, JPEG2000, and H.264 compression for various kinds of video microscopy data including fluorescence video and brightfield video. We find that for certain data sets, the new method compresses much better than lossless compression with no impact on analysis results. It achieved a best compressed size of 0.77% of the original size, 25× smaller than the best lossless technique (which yields 20% for the same video). The compressed size scales with the video's scientific data content. Further testing showed that existing lossy algorithms greatly impacted data analysis at similar compression sizes.
LINEAR PROGRAMMING ANALYSIS OF CONSTRAINTS UPON HUMAN DIETS (1991)

This paper applies linear programming cost‐minimisation models to the analysis of human diets. The models incorporate considerations of nutritional and non‐nutritional factors in diet choice in order to assess the impact of adopting dietary guidelines upon the cost of nutrition‐only and palatable diets. The dual prices yielded by the models are used to estimate the total cost of meeting requirements for separate nutrients in diets for different population groups. Sensitivity analysis is then used to derive marginal cost curves for changes in the supply of nutrients covered by the dietary guidelines. The cost and composition of ‘healthy’ human diets contrast markedly with the results of past studies and indicate that economic constraints upon dietary guideline adoption are limited.
Preliminary Investigations into a New Method of Functional Assessment of the Fetal Heart Using a Novel Application of ‘Real-Time’ Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2005)

Real-time, functional fetal cardiac MRI is possible and can be used to quantitatively assess ventricular volumes and cardiac index in utero.
Intelligent commutation of matrix converter bi-directional switch cells using novel gate drive techniques (2002)

This paper deals with the problem of snubberless commutation in matrix converters. A novel method employs current detection within intelligent gate drive circuits for each bidirectional cell which communicate with the gate drives of other cells. The problems with other methods at low currents are overcome. Experimental results verifying the method are presented.
Pulsed power switching using saturable core inductors (1982)

We have investigated some of the problems involved in switching fast, high-power pulses using single-turn saturable core inductors constructed of Metglas 2605SC. These include hold-off voltages and times, output pulse risetimes, B-H curves of the material under fast pulse conditions, and propagation of the saturation field through the core. Experiments were done at Sandia on the RAMSES I accelerator which uses a 200-kV Marx generator to provide a 200-ns pulse to a 1 Ω coaxial water transmission line.
Stabilization and tuning of a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (1993)

We present experimental results of frequency tuning and stabilization of a type-II phase-matched potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator. Four tuning elements were employed to control the stability and tuning of the parametric oscillator. Discrete frequency tuning of a nearly degenerate optical parametric oscillator over a range of ~3 THz was obtained by crystal angle tuning and cavity-length scanning. We achieved continuous frequency tuning over a 0.5-GHz range through the use of temperature and electro-optic tuning of the KTP crystal. Using these frequency-control techniques, we phase locked the signal–idler beat frequency to an external microwave frequency source, thus demonstrating tunable optical frequency division. The power spectral density of the residual phase noise of the phase-locked signal–idler beat note was measured to be 0.3mrad/Hz. Characteristics of two different cavity designs, their operations, tuning behavior, and stability issues are examined.
Colloidal Synthesis of Semiconductor Quantum Dots toward Large-Scale Production: A Review (2018)

The development of green synthetic approaches is one of the key materials challenges in moving toward semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) for large-scale production and commercial applications. This article presents a comprehensive overview on the synthesis of colloidal QDs prepared via chemical approaches in solution phase, with emphasis on green routes which possess the advantages of environment-friendly raw materials, simple operation process, and robust mass-scale production. The approaches for the synthesis of QDs in batch reactors are summarized, including hot-injection organometallic synthesis, noninjection organometallic synthesis, aqueous synthesis and biosynthesis approaches, with some of the concerns on their limitations for scale-up, followed by some continuous synthetic methods aiming for reproducible and large-scale production. Current advances in continuous synthesis of QDs by microfluidic devices, high-gravity reactors, and spray-based techniques are briefly introduced. We also provide some insights into challenges and opportunities based on our own understanding of this field.
Update: PtdIns(3,4,5)P <sub>3</sub> Gets Its Message Across (1997)

Article MetricsDownloadsCitationsNo data available.012JulAugSepOctNovDec260Total6 Months12 MonthsTotal number of downloads for the most recent 6 whole calendar months.
A Link between Increased Transforming Activity of Lymphoma-Derived <i>MYC</i> Mutant Alleles, Their Defective Regulation by p107, and Altered Phosphorylation of the c-Myc Transactivation Domain (1995)

The c-Myc protein is a transcription factor with an N-terminal transcriptional regulatory domain and C-terminal oligomerization and DNA-binding motifs. Previous studies have demonstrated that p107, a protein related to the retinoblastoma protein, binds to the c-Myc transcriptional activation domain and suppresses its activity. We sought to characterize the transforming activity and transcriptional properties of lymphoma-derived mutant MYC alleles. Alleles encoding c-Myc proteins with missense mutations in the transcriptional regulatory domain were more potent than wild-type c-Myc in transforming rodent fibroblasts. Although the mutant c-Myc proteins retained their binding to p107 in in vitro and in vivo assays, p107 failed to suppress their transcriptional activation activities. Many of the lymphoma-derived MYC alleles contain missense mutations that result in substitution for the threonine at codon 58 or affect sequences flanking this amino acid. We observed that in vivo phosphorylation of Thr-58 was absent in a lymphoma cell line with a mutant MYC allele containing a missense mutation flanking codon 58. Our in vitro studies suggest that phosphorylation of Thr-58 in wild-type c-Myc was dependent on cyclin A and required prior phosphorylation of Ser-62 by a p107-cyclin A-CDK complex. In contrast, Thr-58 remained unphosphorylated in two representative mutant c-Myc transactivation domains in vitro. Our studies suggest that missense mutations in MYC may be selected for during lymphomagenesis, because the mutant MYC proteins have altered functional interactions with p107 protein complexes and fail to be phosphorylated at Thr-58.
Preparation of Metal–Polymer Composite Films by the Metal–Polymer Co-Electrodeposition Method (2008)

Co-epoxy composite films were synthesized by a newly developed electrochemical method, which may be termed a "metal-polymer co-electrodeposition method", i.e., the simultaneous deposition of Co and epoxy resin from a reaction solution containing Co(CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> COO), glycine and water-soluble epoxy resin. Glycine acts as the complexing agent for Co <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> . Using the FTIR and XPS, it emerged that the deposited films contained Co and epoxy. The composite films deposited from a Co <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ion concentration higher than 35 mM in the reaction solution have low electrical resistance. Hep Co peaks were observed on the XRD pattern of these films. On the other hand, the composite films deposited from a Co <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ion concentration lower than 30 mM have high resistance and no Co hep peaks were observed. These results suggest that the microstructure of the Co-epoxy films changed at a Co concentration of around 30 mM.
Solanum glaucophyllum in pregnant cows. Effect on colostrum mineral composition and plasma calcium and phosphorus levels in dams and newborn calves (1979)

Two successive experiments were carried out on cows at the end of gestation. For several days before calving they were orally fed dried ground leaves of Solanum glaucophyllum (Sg) (a solanaceous plant of South America) containing a sterolglycoside of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D. In Experi- ment I, Sg was administered for 7 days to 4 Jersey cows (34g per animal per day) from days 8 to 2 before calving. This treatment significantly inhibited the drop in calcium and phosphate levels associated with parturition in cows. Colostrum levels of calcium (3.8 0.6 g/1), mineral phosphorus (1.97::!:: 0.24 g/1) and magnesium (0.61 ! 0 .04 g/1) sampled in the 4 cows studied during the first milking after calving were significantly higher than those sampled in the same conditions in 4 controls (calcium : 2.2::!:: 0.3 gJI ; mineral phosphorus : 0.69 ! 0 .05 g/I ; magnesium : 0.21 ! 0 .02 g/1). In Experiment II, Sg was distributed in the concentrated ration for 4 days (days 6 to 3 before calving) to 19 Holstein x Friesian cows (25 g per animal per day). This treatment significantly depressed the hypocalcemia and hypophospatemia associated with parturition in cows. Moreover, the calcium level at birth in the 19 calves of treated cows (12.2 ! 0.3 mg/dl) was significantly higher than that in the 15 control calves (10.6 ! 0.5 mg/dl).
A STABLE AND FLEXIBLE PROCEDURE FOR THE INVERSE MODELLING OF SEISMIC FIRST ARRIVALS<sup>1</sup> (1989)

ABSTRaCT Multiple coverage reflection seismic data provide an important source of information concerning the subsurface. However, due to the stacking and migration techniques used in the processing, the first arrivals are muted and details about the upper part of the sections are generally lost. This paper describes a computerized method for the inverse modelling of laterally varying velocities and shallow depths which are not sufficiently resolved in the reflection seismic processing. The method minimizes, in a least‐squares manner, the difference between the observed first arrivals, picked from the reflection traces, and a set of synthetic traveltimes, calculated by ray tracing in a cell model. An initial model, e.g. from a priori knowledge or the application of a conventional interpretation method, is refined iteratively until no further essential improvement can be achieved. Traditional first‐arrival inversion methods cannot, in general, provide such flexible modelling. The technique is successfully tested on synthetic data as well as on first arrivals picked automatically from the records of a reflection seismic survey in North Jutland, Denmark.
Packet-by-packet wavelength-routing interconnect technique for 5 Tbit/s switching system (2002)

A packet-by-packet wavelength-routing interconnect technique for a 5 Tbit/s switching system with a three-stage architecture has been demonstrated. The technique uses an optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) link and dynamic bandwidth-sharing among wavelengths. The inter-stage, electro-optical interconnection subsystem was fabricated using very compact 2.5 Gbit/s, eight-wavelength WDM transmitters/receivers and an arrayed-waveguide grating router.
Impact of Smoking on the Metabolic Action of Subcutaneous Regular Insulin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (2005)

This pilot study conducted in a small group of patients with type 2 diabetes shows that regular insulin exhibits a longer-lasting rise in insulin concentrations and a higher metabolic effect four to eight hours after injection in smokers compared to non-smokers. This suggests that hyperinsulinemia in smoking type 2 diabetic patients is at least partly caused by a deterioration in insulin clearance.
Secretion of free and conjugated steroids by the horse testis into lymph and venous blood. (1982)

In 3 testes of 2 adult Pony stallions under halothane anaesthesia, catheters were inserted into a vein and a lymphatic vessel in the spermatic cord and into a vein on the surface of the testis. Lymph and venous blood were collected from the catheters in the cord and p-aminohippurate (2% w/v, 0 . 1 ml/min) was infused into the vein on the testis to determine blood flow by dilution. After 1 h, 6000 i.u. hCG was injected i.v. and collections continued for 45 min. The testes weighed 126-176 g. Lymph flow was 20-150 microliter/min before hCG and 100-270 microliter/min after hCG; the range of blood flow, with a haematocrit of about 22%, was unchanged (27-47 ml/min) after hCG. The concentration of testosterone in spermatic venous blood rose from 6-20 ng/ml to 160-270 ng/ml within about 30 min after hCG. Peripheral levels rose from about 2 to 6 ng/ml and lymph levels increased from 9-20 to 34-150 ng/ml after hCG. In contrast, the concentrations of oestrone sulphate in spermatic venous blood were about 400 ng/ml, compared with about 250 ng/ml in peripheral blood, while lymph values ranged from 600 to 1500 ng/ml; hCG had no consistent effect. DHA and its sulphate were present in spermatic venous blood at concentrations (about 3 and 5 ng/ml respectively) slightly higher than in peripheral blood (1 . 7 and 2 . 5 ng/ml), but the sulphate was at a very much higher concentration in lymph (about 5 and 200 ng/ml respectively). These results indicate that testicular lymph is an important route for the secretion of conjugated steroids by the horse testis.
Development of New Nerve Guide Tube for Repair of Long Nerve Defects (2009)

A novel nerve guide tube (poly (L-lactic) acid (PLLA)/ polyglycolic acid (PGA)-c-tube) capable of repairing long peripheral nerve injuries in a canine model has been developed. The tube was created by braiding together PLLA and PGA and then coating it with collagen. PLLA was newly added to the formulation to achieve higher sustainability. The tube was compared with a PGA-collagen tube in clinical use since 2002 having the same structure with a collagen coating but composed of PGA alone (PGA-c-tube). When tested for repair of a 40-mm gap in the left peroneal nerve, using PLLA/PGA-c-tube (n = 15), PGA-c-tube (n = 15), and a negative control group where the cut stump was capped using a silicone cap (n = 15), the lumen structure essential for securing the space for nerve regeneration was maintained in PLLA/PGA-c-tube for over 12 months with a higher number of axons both within the tube and at the distal nerve end. Electrophysiological evaluation revealed that the amplitude of compound muscle action potentials and sensory nerve action potentials after nerve regeneration with PLLA/PGA-c-tube were significantly higher. When assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the volume of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in dogs that had undergone nerve repair using PLLA/PGA-c-tube was approximately 80% that of the positive control at 12 months. Functional analysis conducted by assessing the ankle angle revealed faster recovery in the PLLA/PGA-c-tube group. Better regeneration was achieved using a PLLA/PGA-c-tube that contains the slowly decomposing fiber material, PLLA. This indicates potential for repair of even longer nerve gaps or defects located near joints, and also clinical application.