gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The differentiation of cytotoxic T cells <i>in vitro</i>. III. The role of helper T cells and their products in the differentiation of cytotoxic cells from "memory" cell populations. (1980)

Abstract Supernatants from both primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) possess the ability to augment primary cytotoxic responses in vitro to UV-inactivated stimulator cells. Augmenting activity in secondary MLC supernatants was greater, appeared more quickly, and was elicited with less antigen than that seen in primary MLC supernatants. In both primary and secondary MLC, the production of augmenting factor(s) was dependent on the presence of Lyt 1+ cells in the responder population. An interesting correlation was observed between the antigenic requirements for eliciting cytotoxic cell differentiation from memory cell populations and the antigenic requirements for factor production from these same populations. In all cases, there was concordance between those antigenic stimuli that led to CTL production and those necessary for mediator production. Thus, cells “primed” in vitro during a 14-day MLC responded to subsequent stimulation with untreated and UV-inactivated allogeneic spleen cells but not to either heated or sonicated cells. On the other hand, cell populations “primed” with allogeneic cells in vivo responded to UV-treated, heated, and sonicated cell preparations. Spleen cell populations from unprimed animals responded only to untreated allogeneic stimulator cells. By sequential depletion of Lyt 1-bearing cells in the “primed” cell populations, it was found that the presence of Lyt 1+ cells was required for secondary CTL responses and for factor production to UV and heat-inactivated stimulator cells. On the other hand, removal of Lyt 1+ cells from primed populations only partially abrogated responses to stimulator cells that had not been exposed to UV irradiation or heat treatment. These findings imply that helper cells can play an important role in secondary as well as primary cytotoxic responses. Furthermore, the previously reported differences between the antigenic requirements necessary to trigger cytotoxic cell differentiation from populations “primed” in vitro versus those primed in vivo, appear to represent not memory cell heterogeneity and a discriminating cytotoxic precursor cell, but the relative activity of helper cells.
Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Korean Individuals (2015)

The present findings suggest that BDNF may play a role in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may be an important factor in the susceptibility to these age-related deficits.
The Human Humoral Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Ty2la (1991)

The short-term kinetics and the effects of different dose regimens and formulations on the humoral immune response induced in human subjects by the live attenuated typhoid vaccine Salmonella typhi Ty21a were examined. Antibody responses in jejunal fluid and serum and by specific antibody production in vitro by peripheral blood lymphocytes to S. typhi lipopolysaccharide were determined. A short vaccination schedule of three doses of 10(11) live organisms over 5 days induced significantly greater intestinal IgA antityphoid antibody responses than did two comparable doses 21 days apart. The humoral immune response was dose dependent with 10(10) and 10(11) live organisms stimulating greater intestinal immune responses than did 10(11) killed organisms. No responses were evident with either 10(9) viable organisms or with an enteric-coated preparation. In the continued development and assessment of oral typhoid vaccines, the effects of different doses and formulations and the timing of sampling on the humoral immune response should be considered.
Birds of the Rockingham Bay District, North Queensland. (1917)

"Birds of the Rockingham Bay District, North Queensland.." Emu - Austral Ornithology, 17(1), pp. 2–38
Intracavernosal Sildenafil Facilitates Penile Erection Independent of the Nitric Oxide Pathway (2001)

Sildenafil, in nanomolar serum levels, is an effective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, and facilitates penile erection only during sexual stimulation. However, there is limited information on the pharmacological activity of this agent when tissue levels approach millimolar concentrations following intracavernosal injection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sildenafil causes penile erection in the absence of active neurogenic input. Organ bath preparations of rabbit penile cavernosal tissue strips were contracted with 1 microM phenylephrine and exposed to increasing concentrations of sildenafil in the absence or presence of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 0.6 mM). Sildenafil caused dose-dependent relaxation of rabbit cavernosal smooth muscle at high concentrations (>0.1 microM) with little or no effect at concentrations below 0.1 microM. The addition of L-NAME did not affect this response. In a separate protocol, sildenafil dose response determinations were performed in the presence of the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 3 microM) or vehicle (50% dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]). Relaxation to sildenafil in the presence of DMSO was significantly enhanced relative to sildenafil alone. ODQ treatment partially attenuated relaxation to sildenafil, but failed to completely inhibit the response. In cavernosal tissue strips, sildenafil elevated basal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels twofold (0.54 vs. 1.10 pmol/mg prot). To further investigate these observations, anesthetized rabbits were injected intracavernosally with sildenafil (0.3-1.3 mg). In the absence of pelvic nerve stimulation, the magnitude and duration of the intracavernosal pressure increased in a dose-dependent fashion in response to sildenafil, approaching the systemic arterial pressure at higher doses. Intracavernosal administration of L-NAME, at doses that inhibited pelvic nerve stimulated penile erection, did not alter the response to intracavernosal sildenafil at 1.3 mg. Sildenafil, at the doses tested, did not significantly change the systemic arterial pressure. These data suggest that intracavernosal sildenafil, at tissue levels approaching millimolar concentrations, can cause relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and penile erection by a novel mechanism independent of the classical NO/cGMP pathway.
Development and Control of an Electric Oil Pump for Automatic Transmission-Based Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2011)

We developed an electric oil pump (EOP) and a control algorithm for automatic transmission (AT)-based two-shaft parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The EOP capacity was designed based on AT oil pump test results, and the torque of the EOP motor was determined by considering the flow rate and efficiency calculated according to the operating temperature of the AT fluid. A control algorithm consisting of low, high, and middle speeds according to the HEV driving mode was proposed for the operation of the designed EOP. Control logic was proposed to reduce the EOP energy requirements in the middle-speed range, in which the EOP and AT oil pump operate together. We verified that this control method could reduce electric load while supplying the required hydraulic pressure.
Simultaneous and Proportional Force Estimation for Multifunction Myoelectric Prostheses Using Mirrored Bilateral Training (2010)

This study presents a novel method for associating features of the surface electromyogram (EMG) recorded from one upper limb to the force produced by the contralateral limb. Bilateral-mirrored contractions from ten able-bodied subjects were recorded along with isometric forces in multiple degrees of freedom (DOF) from the right wrist. An artificial neural network was trained to provide force estimation. Combinations of processing parameters were evaluated and an estimation algorithm allowing high accuracy from relatively short signal epochs (100 ms) was proposed. The estimation performance when using surface EMG from the contralateral limb was 0.90 ± 0.02 for the able-bodied subjects. In comparison, the estimation performance for one subject with congenital malformation of the left forearm was 0.72 which, albeit lower than for able-bodied subjects, is still comparable to or better than previously reported results. The proposed method requires only the measured forces from one limb, such as in the case of unilateral amputees and has thus the potential to be used in clinical settings for intuitive, simultaneous control of multiple DOFs in myoelectric prostheses.
A new method to reduce addressing time in a large AC plasma display panel (2001)

To replace the dual scan system by single scan in large ac plasma display panel (PDP), the addressing time should be reduced by modifying cell structure and/or driving circuits. Moreover, the luminance of the PDP can also be increased with the decrease in the addressing time. In this paper, we suggest the bus and address electrodes with triangular protruding tips in order to reduce the addressing time. Moreover, the addressing time of the ac PDP with these electrodes was investigated experimentally with address and display period separated (ADS) driving method. The experimental results show that the addressing time can be reduced more than 30% compared with the conventional type by modifying the electrodes without reducing the luminance of the PDP.
ADT: Age determination technique (2009)

Biometrics has carved an important place in the field of identification and authentication. Identification in biometrics includes various applications like face recognition. There are scads of work done in the area of face recognition but we feel that there is not much of work has been done in the field of age determination. The age determination technique is useful to determine the age of an unknown body found in criminal activities or in lost and found cases using offline face recognition. The aging process not only depends on the person's biological aspect such as genes but may also depend on physical aspect such as wrinkles on the person's face. In this paper a novel technique is proposed to determine the age of a person by analysing the wrinkles present on his/her face. A framework has been designed which is based on the principle that the age of a person varies proportionally with the depth of wrinkles. The experimental result obtained found out to have 20% error which is within practical limits.
Genetics and molecular biology (1997)

1Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA *National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Photocatalytic Activities of Electrospun TiO<sub>2</sub>/Styrofoam Composite Nanofiber Membrane in Degradation of Waste Water (2015)

TiO 2 /Styrofoam composite fiber membranes were synthesized by using an electrospinning system for water purification applications. Composite fiber membrane was fabricated from precursor solution prepared by dissolving Styrofoam in the mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF), citronella oil and cajuput oil. The precursor solutions is mixed with TiO 2 powder with three variations based on the concentration (1:15,1:20 and 1:40). Textile dye with 50 ppm of concentration was performed as a model of waste water. The structure and morphology of each membrane were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity was investigated under the bulb light with 60 watt of power in the box of photocatalytic test. Observation of photocatalytic process were performed for 30 hours. The quantitative data of the decrease in the concentration of wantex solution were measured by using UV-Vis spectrometer and simple spectrometer which was developed recently. It was shown that there are significant decrease of the concentration of wantex solutions performed by each membrane. As many as 69% of wantex solution have been successfully degraded for 30 hours under the bulb light.
Integrated TRAPATT Diode Arrays (Short Papers) (1975)

This short paper is a description of the technique used to monolithically interconnect TRAPATT diodes in an array--resulting in a diode having low inductance interconnection and integrated heat capacitance which is necessary for long pulsewidths. For given power dissipation density and pulse length, the transient temperature rise in the diode decreases with the diameter. The reduction in diode diameter, however, leads to reduced power output. To take advantage of the reduction in temperature rise of small-size diodes while maintaining a large power output, a multiple-diode structure, monolithically interconnected, was fabricated. Pulsewidth operation of 50 mu s has been achieved at a dissipation power density as high as 200 kW/cm/sup 2/, whereas the dissipation density must be reduced to 100 kW/cm/sup 2/ for the same total-area single-disk diode to operate reliably at 50 mu s.
Compressive Properties of ⟨110⟩ Cu Micro-Pillars after High-Dose Self-Ion Irradiation (2013)

Single-crystal Cu micro-pillars were self-ion irradiated up to 190 displacements per atom, a level commensurate with damage expected after long exposure in a reactor environment. Compression experiments performed along the ⟨ 110 ⟩ to 10% strain were compared against un-irradiated Cu. Two specimen configurations were explored: large 10 μm tall and small 4 μm tall pillars. Compared to un-irradiated Cu, the small irradiated pillars exhibited a flow stress increase of more than 500 MPa and were able to attain peak stresses approaching 1 GPa. These results are discussed in the context of an end of range effect, a damage gradient effect, and size effects.
Case Study: Investigation of Interference into 5 GHz Weather Radars from Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure Devices, Part 2 (2011)

In early 2009, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) became aware of interference to Terminal Doppler Weather Radars (TDWRs) that operate in the 5600–5650 MHz band and provide quantitative measurements of gust fronts, windshear, microbursts, and other weather hazards for improved safety of operations in and around major airports. Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS) engineers, with assistance from FAA engineers, determined the interference to be from unlicensed national information infrastructure (U-NII) dynamic frequency selection (DFS) devices, from several manufacturers, operating in the same frequency band as TDWR systems. These devices operate in the same bands as these Federal radar systems, but employ DFS technology that is supposed to detect the presence of nearby radar systems and change operating frequencies to prevent interference with incumbent radar systems. This report describes measurements and results from controlled laboratory and field testing of these U-NII devices. This is the second of a three-part series of reports that describe research efforts by the ITS engineers, with assistance from FAA engineers, to determine the cause of the interference, examine the effects of the interference on TDWR systems, and engineer solutions.
Analysis of Interactions of Salmonella Type Three Secretion Mutants with 3-D Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2010)

The prevailing paradigm of Salmonella enteropathogenesis based on monolayers asserts that Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 Type Three Secretion System (SPI-1 T3SS) is required for bacterial invasion into intestinal epithelium. However, little is known about the role of SPI-1 in mediating gastrointestinal disease in humans. Recently, SPI-1 deficient nontyphoidal Salmonella strains were isolated from infected humans and animals, indicating that SPI-1 is not required to cause enteropathogenesis and demonstrating the need for more in vivo-like models. Here, we utilized a previously characterized 3-D organotypic model of human intestinal epithelium to elucidate the role of all characterized Salmonella enterica T3SSs. Similar to in vivo reports, the Salmonella SPI-1 T3SS was not required to invade 3-D intestinal cells. Additionally, Salmonella strains carrying single (SPI-1 or SPI-2), double (SPI-1/2) and complete T3SS knockout (SPI-1/SPI-2: flhDC) also invaded 3-D intestinal cells to wildtype levels. Invasion of wildtype and TTSS mutants was a Salmonella active process, whereas non-invasive bacterial strains, bacterial size beads, and heat-killed Salmonella did not invade 3-D cells. Wildtype and T3SS mutants did not preferentially target different cell types identified within the 3-D intestinal aggregates, including M-cells/M-like cells, enterocytes, or Paneth cells. Moreover, each T3SS was necessary for substantial intracellular bacterial replication within 3-D cells. Collectively, these results indicate that T3SSs are dispensable for Salmonella invasion into highly differentiated 3-D models of human intestinal epithelial cells, but are required for intracellular bacterial growth, paralleling in vivo infection observations and demonstrating the utility of these models in predicting in vivo-like pathogenic mechanisms.
A flaw detection method based on morphological image processing (1993)

Mathematical morphology is used for image analysis for the purpose of flaw detection in materials that are represented by very poor-contrast digital images. In particular, an algorithm for flaw detection in the case of TV tube matte surfaces has been developed. The object skeletons within binary-valued images are obtained, and directional connectivity information in the skeletons is used to discriminate noise patterns from flaws according to a specified criteria. After the discriminating process, the skeletons that remain correspond to flaws and can be used to recover the actual shape of the flaws. An alarm flag may arise if the sizes of the detected flaws are found to exceed industrial standards. In the case of a gray-scale image, the image is first converted in a binary version using an adaptive threshold algorithm; then the flaw detection algorithm for binary images is applied. Experimental results are obtained for both binary and gray-scale digital image data obtained from imperfect glass samples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AN XX/XY HUMAN HERMAPHRODITE RESULTING FROM DOUBLE FERTILIZATION (1962)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Role of Carbohydrate-mediated Adherence in Cytopathogenic Mechanisms of Acanthamoeba (1998)

Acanthamoeba keratitis is a vision-threatening corneal infection. The mannose-binding protein of Acanthamoeba is thought to mediate adhesion of parasites to host cells. We characterized the amoeba lectin with respect to its carbohydrate binding properties and the role in amoeba-induced cytopathic effect (CPE). Sugar inhibition assays revealed that the amoeba lectin has the highest affinity for alpha-Man and Man(alpha1-3)Man units. In vitro cytopathic assays indicated that mannose-based saccharides which inhibit amoeba adhesion to corneal epithelial cells were also potent inhibitors of amoeba-induced CPE. Another major finding was that N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) which does not inhibit adhesion of amoeba to host cells is also an inhibitor of amoeba-induced CPE. The Acanthamoebae are thought to produce CPE by secreting cytotoxic proteinases. By zymography, one metalloproteinase and three serine proteinases were detected in the conditioned media obtained after incubating amoebae with the host cells. The addition of free alpha-Man and GlcNAc to the co-culture media inhibited the secretion of the metalloproteinase and serine proteinases, respectively. In summary, we have shown that the lectin-mediated adhesion of the Acanthamoeba to host cells is a prerequisite for the amoeba-induced cytolysis of target cells and have implicated a contact-dependent metalloproteinase in the cytopathogenic mechanisms of Acanthamoeba.
DNA polymerase III   subunit ties single-stranded DNA binding protein to the bacterial replication machinery (2003)

Single-stranded DNA binding (SSB) protein binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) at the lagging strand of the replication fork in Escherichia coli cells. This protein is essential for the survival of the E.coli cell, presumably because it shields the ssDNA and holds it in a suitable conformation for replication by DNA polymerase III. In this study we undertook a biophysical analysis of the interaction between the SSB protein of E.coli and the chi subunit of DNA polymerase III. Using analytical ultracentrifugation we show that at low salt concentrations there is an increase in the stability in the physical interaction between chi and an EcoSSB/ssDNA complex when compared to that of chi to EcoSSB alone. This increase in stability disappeared in high salt conditions. The sedimentation of an EcoSSB protein lacking its C-terminal 26 amino acids remains unchanged in the presence of chi, showing that chi interacts specifically with the C-terminus of EcoSSB. In DNA melting experiments we demonstrate that chi specifically enhances the ssDNA stabilization by EcoSSB. Thus, the binding of EcoSSB to chi at the replication fork prevents premature dissociation of EcoSSB from the lagging strand and thereby enhances the processivity of DNA polymerase III.
Anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells: novel concept for future therapies (2008)

The discoveries described herein have contributed to the novel concept of MSC as a therapeutic modality in inflammatory diseases, including acute lung injury.
Shape‐adaptive 3‐D mesh simplification based on local optimality measurement (2003)

Abstract Mesh simplification is the process of reducing the number of triangles in a mesh representation of object surface. For a given level of detail or error tolerance, the conventional mesh simplification algorithms maximize the edge length globally, without explicitly considering local object shape. In this paper, we present a shape‐adaptive mesh simplification algorithm that locally maximizes edge length, depending on local shape. The proposed algorithm achieves shape‐adaptive simplification by iteratively maximizing edges between vertices, based on comparison with the ‘optimal’ edge lengths derived from local directional curvatures for a given error tolerance. Edge‐based processing facilitates the local shape adaptation and preserves sharp features. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, by showing good visual quality and extremely small approximation error. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brachial plexus injuries. Nerve grafting. (1988)

Brachial plexus lesions with complete or partial palsy of the dependent musculature are a severe handicap for the patient. By microsurgery of lesions in continuity and nerve grafting in cases with complete interruption, some recovery can be achieved. Comparing the present-day results with the ones of earlier years, a significant increase of the percentage of useful recoveries has been observed. The quality of the results of the two groups does not differ very much.