gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New method for the preparation of activated nickel and cobalt powders and their application in biaryl synthesis (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew method for the preparation of activated nickel and cobalt powders and their application in biaryl synthesisC. S. Chao, C. H. Cheng, and C. T. ChangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 25, 4904–4907Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00173a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00173a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views939Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Diagram for Heat Units (1967)

A diagram which permits the direct evaluation of heat units for any period of two dates or for any base temperature is designed and three examples for specified places of Japan are given. As is seen, the ordinate is the temperature or the number of days between two dates and the abscissa is the date of callendar, and equi-cumulative temperature lines in degree-days taking the 0°C as the base temperature are drawn. Of course, the same design will be applicable for the evaluation of other cumulative meteorological elements such as the duraion of sunshine and the amount of rainfall, etc.
Developing Routines in Large Inter-organisational Projects: A Case Study of an Infrastructure Megaproject (2015)

General management research has increasingly recognised the significance of routines in organisational performance. Among organisational tasks, megaprojects depend more on routines selected and created within the project than standard, small-scale projects do, owing largely to their size, duration, and uniqueness. Within this context, the present paper investigates how project routines were established and developed during the early design phase of an inter-organisational megaproject. A case study of a large public infrastructure project was conducted, in which data were collected during observations, semi-structured interviews, and project document studies over the course of three years. Results of analysis revealed that the client exerted the greatest impact on choice of routines and that the temporary nature of tasks limited efforts to fine-tune routines. Changes in routines were primarily reactive to new knowledge concerning project needs. The findings suggest that meta-routines to consciously review routines should be used to a greater extent and designed to capture supplier experiences as well.
Synthesis of Spherical Nano- to Microscale Core−Shell Particles Li[(Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>)<sub>1</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>(Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>)<i><sub>x</sub></i>]O<sub>2</sub> and Their Applications to Lithium Batteries (2006)

Spherical nano- to microscale core−shell Li[(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)1-x(Ni0.5Mn0.5)x]O2 was successfully synthesized via a coprecipitation route. The structure, chemical composition, and morphology of the core−shell powders can be tailored by tuning the reaction conditions. The core−shell-structured material provides a significant breakthrough in the development of high-capacity lithium batteries with respect to energy density, cycle life, and safety.
MicroRNAs Play a Critical Role in Tooth Development (2010)

MicroRNAs are known to regulate gene function in many tissues and organs, but their expression and function, if any, in tooth development are elusive. We sought to identify them by microRNA screening analyses and reveal their overall roles by inactivating Dicer1 in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme. Discrete sets of microRNAs are expressed in molars compared with incisors as well as epithelium compared with mesenchyme. Conditional knockout (cKO) of Dicer1 (mature microRNAs) in the dental epithelium of the Pitx2-Cre mouse results in multiple and branched enamel-free incisors and cuspless molars, and change in incisor patterning and in incisor and molar size and shape. Analyses of differentiating dental epithelial markers reveal a defect in ameloblast differentiation. Conversely, the cervical loop (stem cell niche) is expanded in Dicer1 cKO. These results demonstrate that tooth development is tightly controlled by microRNAs and that specific microRNAs regulate tooth epithelial stem cell differentiation.
Tyrosine <i>O</i>-Prenyltransferase SirD Catalyzes <i>S</i>-, <i>C</i>-, and <i>N</i>-Prenylations on Tyrosine and Tryptophan Derivatives (2013)

The tyrosine O-prenyltransferase SirD in Leptosphaeria maculans catalyzes normal prenylation of the hydroxyl group in tyrosine as the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the phytotoxin sirodesmin PL. SirD also catalyzes normal N-prenylation of 4-aminophenylalanine and normal C-prenylation at C7 of tryptophan. In this study, we found that 4-mercaptophenylalanine and several derivatives of tryptophan are also substrates for prenylation by dimethylallyl diphosphate. Incubation of SirD with 4-mercaptophenylalanine gave normal S-prenylated mercaptophenylalanine. We found that incubation of the enzyme with tryptophan gave reverse prenylation at N1 in addition to the previously reported normal prenylation at C7. 4-Methyltryptophan also gave normal prenylation at C7 and reverse prenylation at N1, whereas 4-methoxytryptophan gave normal and reverse prenylation at C7, and 7-methyltryptophan gave normal prenylation at C6 and reverse prenylation at N1. The ability of SirD to prenylate at three different sites on the indole nucleus, with normal and reverse prenylation at one of the sites, is similar to behavior seen for dimethylallyltryptophan synthase. The multiple products produced by SirD suggests it and dimethylallyltryptophan synthase use a dissociative electrophilic mechanism for alkylation of amino acid substrates.
Tumor Dormancy and Cell Signaling. V. Regrowth of the BCL1 Tumor After Dormancy Is Established (1997)

The majority of BALB/c mice immunized with the BCL1 lymphoma-derived idiotype (Id+) IgM and subsequently challenged with BCL1 tumor cells develop a state of tumor dormancy. The vast majority of dormant lymphoma cells are in cell cycle arrest, but there are also residual replicating cells. In the present studies, we attempted to define features of both the dormant lymphoma cells and the host that lead to escape from dormancy. Escape from dormancy occurs at a steady rate over a 2-year period, suggesting that it is a stochastic process. We found that, in the majority of mice, escape was due to the emergence of genetic variants that were no longer susceptible to the anti-Id-mediated induction of dormancy. Ten percent of these variants were Id-; the remainder were Id+ but could grow in the presence of anti-Id antibodies, suggesting that there were mutations in molecules involved in one or more mIg-mediated negative-signaling pathways. In two of five such escapees, alterations in either Syk, HS1, and/or Lyn were observed. In a small percentage of mice, a low titer of circulating anti-Id antibody before tumor challenge correlated with a subsequent, more rapid loss of dormancy.
Cloud computing for seizure detection in implanted neural devices (2018)

We present a novel framework for implementing computationally intensive algorithms on human data recorded from an implanted device. By using telemetry to intelligently access cloud-based computational resources, the next generation of neuro-implantable devices will leverage sophisticated algorithms with potential to greatly improve device performance and patient outcomes.
Finite‐Element Calculation of Stresses in Glass Parts Undergoing Viscous Relaxation (1987)

Using the finite‐element program MARC developed by MARC Analysis Corporation, thermal stresses are calculated for a simple sandwich seal and a bead seal under conditions of uniform cooling, reheating, and an isothermal hold and for a tempered glass plate. Results of the viscoelastic calculations are compared with previously obtained analytical solutions and with experimental stress measurements. The formalism for including viscoelastic material properties in the program is developed.
Compression Failure Mechanisms in Unidirectional Composites (1986)

The present paper examines compression failure mechanisms in unidirectional composites. Possible failure modes of constituent materials are summarized and analytical models for fiber microbuckling are reviewed from a unified viewpoint. Due to deficiencies in available models, a failure model based on nonlinear material properties and initial fiber curvature is proposed. The effect of constituent properties on composite compression behavior was experimentally investigated using two different graphite fibers and four different epoxy resins. The predominant macroscopic-scale failure mode was found to be shear crippling. In a soft resin, shear crippling was in the form of buckling of fibers on a microscopic scale. However, for stiff resins, failure was characterized by the formation of a kink band. For unidirectional laminates, compressive strength, and compressive modulus to a lesser extent, were found to increase with increasing magnitude of resin modulus. The change in compressive strength with resin modulus was predicted using the proposed nonlinear model.
Relative Profile on Protozoan Ciliates Under in Vitro Fermentation of Various Diets in Cattle and Buffalo (1997)

Protozoal generic distribution was enumerated under in vitro ruminal fermentation of six isoproteinous (12% CP) wheat straw based diets containing either groundnut cake, mustard cake, cotton seed cake, concentrate mixture, lucerne hay or berseem hay as protein supplement using simultaneous rumen inoculum of cattle and buffalo. Distinctive differences in generic distribution of protozoa existed between ruminants but total protozoal population remained alike in both the species. Diplodiniurn and Ostracodinium, irrespective of protein supplement were densely populated in buffalo while Diploplastron and Epidinium were respectively about 3 and one and a half folds in cattle than in buffalo. Further, Metadinium and Eudiplodinium on fermentation of preformed proteins and good hay, respectively least frequented in cattle and buffalo. Among cakes, mustard cake relative to both hays propagated markedly Holotrichs protozoa in both ruminants. Ruminal Entodiniomorphids exceeded due to hays vis-a-vis protein supplements incubation.
Frameworks for Cooperation in Distributed Problem Solving (1981)

Two forms of cooperation in distributed problem solving are considered: task-sharing and result-sharing. In the former, nodes assist each other by sharing the computational load for the execution of subtasks of the overall problem. In the latter, nodes assist each other by sharing partial results which are based on somewhat different perspectives on the overall problem. Different perspectives arise because the nodes use different knowledge sources (KS's) (e.g., syntax versus acoustics in the case of a speech-understanding system) or different data (e.g., data that is sensed at different locations in the case of a distributed sensing system). Particular attention is given to control and to internode communication for the two forms of cooperation. For each, the basic methodology is presented and systems in which it has been used are described. The two forms are then compared and the types of applications for which they are suitable are considered.
Submillihertz magnetic spectroscopy performed with a nanoscale quantum sensor (2017)

Precise timekeeping is critical to metrology, forming the basis by which standards of time, length, and fundamental constants are determined. Stable clocks are particularly valuable in spectroscopy because they define the ultimate frequency precision that can be reached. In quantum metrology, the qubit coherence time defines the clock stability, from which the spectral linewidth and frequency precision are determined. We demonstrate a quantum sensing protocol in which the spectral precision goes beyond the sensor coherence time and is limited by the stability of a classical clock. Using this technique, we observed a precision in frequency estimation scaling in time <i>T</i> as <i>T</i><sup>-3/2</sup> for classical oscillating fields. The narrow linewidth magnetometer based on single spins in diamond is used to sense nanoscale magnetic fields with an intrinsic frequency resolution of 607 microhertz, which is eight orders of magnitude narrower than the qubit coherence time.
Novel Bioactive Compounds from Insect Pathogenic Fungi (2007)

Several insect pathogenic fungi, including the Chinese medicine Cordyceps sinensis, have been utilized as folk medicines or healthy foods, and some others are important bioinsecticides. However, most of insect pathogenic fungi, naturally rare species, remain chemically unexplored. We have been investigating the secondary metabolites of insect fungi that were collected in Thailand. The studies led to the isolation and structure elucidation of a number of new compounds with diverse chemical structures. In particular, cordyanhydrides and vertihemiptellides possess hitherto unknown skeletons, whereas cordypyridones and hirsutellones exhibit significant antimalarial and antitubercular activities, respectively. These results demonstrate that insect pathogenic fungi are potent sources of novel bioactive compounds.
Ozonolysis in Solvent/Water Mixtures: Direct Conversion of Alkenes to Aldehydes and Ketones (2008)

Ozonolysis of alkenes in the presence of solubilized water results in the direct formation of aldehydes and/or ketones, avoiding the need to isolate or decompose ozonides.
Learning Deep Networks from Noisy Labels with Dropout Regularization (2016)

Large datasets often have unreliable labels-such as those obtained from Amazon's Mechanical Turk or social media platforms-and classifiers trained on mislabeled datasets often exhibit poor performance. We present a simple, effective technique for accounting for label noise when training deep neural networks. We augment a standard deep network with a softmax layer that models the label noise statistics. Then, we train the deep network and noise model jointly via end-to-end stochastic gradient descent on the (perhaps mislabeled) dataset. The augmented model is underdetermined, so in order to encourage the learning of a non-trivial noise model, we apply dropout regularization to the weights of the noise model during training. Numerical experiments on noisy versions of the CIFAR-10 and MNIST datasets show that the proposed dropout technique outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Au nanoparticle-coated, PLGA-based hybrid capsules for combined ultrasound imaging and HIFU therapy (2015)

Herein, we present a simple method to prepare Au nanoparticle-coated, polydopamine-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (AuNPs@PDA/PLGA) hybrid capsules for combined ultrasound imaging and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. In this approach, PLGA nanocapsules are prepared firstly via a facile and efficient water/oil/water (W/O/W) emulsion strategy, and are then modified with PDA through the self-polymerization of dopamine in a weakly alkaline aqueous environment. Subsequently, chloroauric acid (HAuCl<sub>4</sub>) solution is added, and AuCl<sub>4</sub> <sup>-</sup> ions are absorbed on the surfaces of the PDA/PLGA nanocapsules by the active catechol and amine groups of PDA coatings. Finally, these absorbed AuCl<sub>4</sub> <sup>-</sup> ions are reduced in situ to AuNPs to form AuNPs@PDA/PLGA hybrid capsules. The in vitro ultrasound imaging experiments show that AuNPs@PDA/PLGA hybrid capsules are suitable for ultrasound contrast imaging. Moreover, the potential of the nanocapsules to enhance HIFU therapy is also demonstrated. These results show that ultrasound-guided HIFU therapy ex vivo with AuNPs@PDA/PLGA hybrid capsules is highly efficient on degassed bovine livers due to the high thermal energy accumulation of AuNPs. Thus, the successful integration of the AuNPs and PLGA nanocapsules provides an alternative strategy for highly efficient ultrasound-guided HIFU therapy.
A Skeletal Muscle Actuator for an Artificial Heart (1992)

The authors developed a system to use skeletal muscle as an artificial heart actuator. This system consists of a flexible rod, sheath, crank, and cam to transmit the muscle power to a pusher plate pump and actuate it. The latissimus dorsi muscle was dissected at the lower ribs, and its end was connected with the flexible rod. The contraction of skeletal muscle was linearly transmitted, with the rod introduced inside the sheath, to the pump. The whole system was implanted in dogs (14-18 kg) and pump performance was evaluated with a mock circulatory system (preload = 10 mmHg, afterload = 75 mmHg). In these experiments, the pump output was maintained at 0.8 to 2.0 L/min (60 bpm) for 200 min, with a non-preconditioned muscle that was stimulated continuously. The output obtained was 2.5 mW/gram. Efficiency of this system was about 50% of the muscle power available. When the muscle was stimulated intermittently every 30 min, pump flow was maintained at > 0.8 L/min for 20 hr. Advantages of this system are: 1) the muscle power was linearly transmitted effectively, 2) this system could be installed with minimal surgery and without interruption in blood flow to the muscle, 3) the muscle is free from high intraventricular pressure that caused ischemia and, 4) the muscle can be set to the proper length in diastole to potentiate strong contractions.
Antibodies against Adhesion Molecules Reduce Apoptosis after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rat Brain (1996)

We tested the hypothesis that treatment of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rat with antibodies directed against adhesion molecules reduces apoptosis. Rats (n = 31) were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion induced by intraluminal insertion of a nylon monofilament into the internal carotid artery. Upon reperfusion, animals were treated with monoclonal antibodies directed against intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1) (n = 8) or integrin CD11b/CD18 (n = 10), or administered IgG1 as a control (n = 13). At 48 h after ischemia, animals were killed and the brains analyzed for ischemic cell damage, using hematoxylin and eosin (H/E); apoptosis, using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method; and inflammatory cells, using immunohistochemistry with an anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibody. Data revealed a significant reduction in the volume of infarction (p < 0.01) and a decline in the absolute (p < 0.001), and normalized (to the ischemic areas, p < 0.05) numbers of apoptotic cells in both animals treated with anti-ICAM-1 and anti-CD11b antibodies compared to control animals. The numbers of immunoreactive MPO cells were also reduced in the treatment groups compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). These data suggest that treatment with anti-adhesion molecule antibodies selectively reduce apoptosis, and that a contributing factor to the beneficial effect of antibody treatment for reducing ischemic cell damage may be a reduction in numbers of apoptotic cells.
Case Report: Spontaneous Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Keratitis in a Diabetic Patient (2011)

Consideration of the antibiotic combination chosen here can be considered in the treatment of S. maltophilia keratitis after appropriate cultures are taken and the organism isolated.
Screening Methodology for Selecting Clean-Up Technologies at Leaking Underground Storage Tank Sites (1993)

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating site conditions and for screening various remediation technologies that may be applicable to cleaning up releases of petroleum products from underground storage tanks (UST). The methodology enables the user to develop a conceptual understanding of site conditions before the completion of extensive field studies, define remediation goals, evaluate technologies capable of meeting remediation goals, and identify monitoring requirements during and after remediation. Working with site-assessment data, the methodology provides an approach for a preliminary determination of petroleum product location in unsaturated and saturated zones and for evaluating the likelihood of pollutant migration within a site's soil matrix. Worksheets then guide the evaluation of how site conditions pertain to factors that favor or inhibit the success of specific technologies.
Polymerization of 1‐chloro‐2‐phenylacetylene induced by UV irradiation of Mo(CO)<sub>6</sub> (1982)

Abstract Polymerization of 1‐chloro‐2‐phenylacetylene was effected by the catalyst formed by UV irradiation of Mo(CO) 6 in carbon tetrachloride to provide in high yield a polymer whose weight‐average molecular weight reached 2 × 10 6 . UV irradiation and an appropriate halogenated hydrocarbon were essential for the formation of active species. The formation of a metal carbene as active species was inferred. Poly(1‐chloro‐2‐phenylacetylene) was a light‐yellow solid having the structure $ \rlap{--} ({\rm CCl\dbondCPh\rlap{--} )}_n $ . The polymer was soluble in aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, and a film could be formed from polymer solution.
Low-Temperature Crystallization of Eu-Doped Red-Emitting CaAlSiN<sub>3</sub> from Alloy-Derived Ammonometallates (2007)

A solution route toward multinary nitrides was demonstrated in the synthesis of Eu-doped CaAlSiN3. During a metal−ammonometallate−nitride conversion in the ammonia system, the nitride crystallized into red-emitting nanocrystals at temperatures up to only 800 °C, i.e., 1000 °C lower than the previous method.
CHANCEN UND GRENZEN DR AUTOMATISIERUNG IM NAHVERKEHR (1981)

NACH EINER DEFINITION VON TEIL- UND VOLLAUTOMATISIERUNG WERDEN DIE VORAUSSETZUNGEN DER VOLLAUTOMATISERUNG IM SPURGEBUNDENEN NAHVERKEHR BEI DEN KONVENTIONELLEN VERKEHRSMITTELN U- UND S-BAHN SOWIE DEN NEUARTIGEN VERKEHRSSYSTEMEN, WIE KABINENBAHNEN, BESPROCHEN. DIE U-BAHN IN AMSTERDAM WIRD ALS BEISPIEL FUER DIE VOLLAUTOMATISIERUNG DER BETRIEBSABWICKLUNG BEI KONVENTIONELLEN SYSTEMEN VORGESTELLT. OBWOHL DEREN BETRIEB BEREITS WEITESTGEHEND AUTOMATISIERT ABGEWICKELT WIRD, VERZICHTET MAN AUS PSYCHOLOGISCHEN GRUENDEN NICHT AUF EINEN FAHRER ALS ZUGBEGLEITER. DEMGEGENUEBER IST DIE VOLLAUTOMATISIERUNG DER NEUEN NAHVERKEHRSSYSTEME KONSEQUENTERWEISE STETS OHNE FAHRERSTAND KONZIPIERT. ALS BEISPIEL WIRD DIE M-BAHN ANGEFUEHRT UND DEREN AUTOMATISIERUNGSSYSTEM DARGELEGT. AUF DIE BESONDERE MITWIRKUNG DER BENUTZER EINER SOLCHEN KABINENBAHN, DIE IM VOLLAUTOMATISCHEN BETRIEB NICHT MEHR NUR FAHRGAST, SONDERN VERKEHRSTEILNEHMER SIND, WIRD ABSCHLIESSEND HINGEWIESEN.
Materials chemistry communications. Difluorosilylene as a precursor for the chemical vapour deposition of titanium silicide (1992)

C. C. Chen, J. L. Yu, C. Y. Lee, C. S. Liu and H. T. Chiu, J. Mater. Chem., 1992, 2, 983 DOI: 10.1039/JM9920200983