gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reevaluation of the Born model of ion hydration (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReevaluation of the Born model of ion hydrationAlexander A. Rashin and Barry HonigCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 26, 5588–5593Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100272a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100272a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2075Altmetric-Citations500LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A randomized study of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery versus surgery for localized squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (1994)

The authors concluded that this neoadjuvant treatment did not change operative mortality or survival time for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
A Simple Chemical Route toward High Surface Area CeO <sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Displaying Remarkable Radical Scavenging Activity (2017)

Abstract This work reports a simple chemical route to synthesize high surface area ceria (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles which exhibit remarkable radical scavenging activity. Synthesized CeO 2 nanoparticles are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area (BET surface area) analyses. The characterization results reveal the formation of cubic phase of CeO 2 with particles sizes of 10 nm and a remarkably high specific surface area of 236.8 m 2 /g. The nanoparticles are explored for 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity that is to assess the antioxidant property of nanoceria by in‐vitro spectrophotometric approach.
Attentive Language Models. (2017)

In this paper, we extend Recurrent Neural Network Language Models (RNN-LMs) with an attention mechanism. We show that an “attentive” RNN-LM (with 11M parameters) achieves a better perplexity than larger RNN-LMs (with 66M parameters) and achieves performance comparable to an ensemble of 10 similar sized RNN-LMs. We also show that an “attentive” RNN-LM needs less contextual information to achieve similar results to the state-of-the-art on the wikitext2 dataset.
Asm2Vec: Boosting Static Representation Robustness for Binary Clone Search against Code Obfuscation and Compiler Optimization (2019)

Reverse engineering is a manually intensive but necessary technique for understanding the inner workings of new malware, finding vulnerabilities in existing systems, and detecting patent infringements in released software. An assembly clone search engine facilitates the work of reverse engineers by identifying those duplicated or known parts. However, it is challenging to design a robust clone search engine, since there exist various compiler optimization options and code obfuscation techniques that make logically similar assembly functions appear to be very different. A practical clone search engine relies on a robust vector representation of assembly code. However, the existing clone search approaches, which rely on a manual feature engineering process to form a feature vector for an assembly function, fail to consider the relationships between features and identify those unique patterns that can statistically distinguish assembly functions. To address this problem, we propose to jointly learn the lexical semantic relationships and the vector representation of assembly functions based on assembly code. We have developed an assembly code representation learning model \emph{Asm2Vec}. It only needs assembly code as input and does not require any prior knowledge such as the correct mapping between assembly functions. It can find and incorporate rich semantic relationships among tokens appearing in assembly code. We conduct extensive experiments and benchmark the learning model with state-of-the-art static and dynamic clone search approaches. We show that the learned representation is more robust and significantly outperforms existing methods against changes introduced by obfuscation and optimizations.
Selective growth of aluminum using a novel CVD system (2003)

Selective growth of aluminum with smooth surface topography is realized using a double-wall CVD (chemical vapor deposition) system in which the substrate is positioned between two heaters with different temperatures. Aluminium is deposited selectively onto silicon, metals, and silicides of the substrate; no deposition occurs on the SiO/sub 2/ surface. This technique is available for filling high-aspect via holes in multilevel metallization systems. Al/polySi two-layer interconnections with 0.4- mu m-diameter via holes have been successfully fabricated using selective aluminum deposition and a self-aligned TiSi/sub 2/ formation technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Semantic image retrieval using correspondence topic model with background distribution (2016)

Social image search becomes an active research field in recent years due to the rapid development in big data processing technologies. In the retrieval systems, text description/tags play a key role to bridge the semantic gap between low-level features and higher-level concepts, and so guarantee the reliable search. However, in practice manual tags are usually noisy and incomplete, resulting in a limited performance of image retrieval. To tackle this problem, we propose a probabilistic topic model to formalize the correlation of tags with visual features via the latent semantic topics. Our proposed approach allows us to effectively annotate and refine tags based on a Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithm for approximate inference. Moreover, we present a measuring scheme using the refined tags and extracted topics for ranking the images. The experimental results from two large benchmark datasets show that our approach provides promising accuracy.
Conserved Intron Elements Repress Splicing of a Neuron-Specific c- <i>src</i> Exon In Vitro (1995)

The neuron-specific N1 exon of the mouse c-src transcript is normally skipped in nonneuronal cells. In this study, we examined the sequence requirements for the exclusion of this exon in nonneuronal HeLa cell nuclear extracts. We found that the repression of the N1 exon is mediated by specific intron sequences that flank the N1 exon. Mutagenesis experiments identified conserved CUCUCU elements within these intron regions that are required for the repression of N1 splicing. The addition of an RNA competitor containing the upstream regulatory sequence to the HeLa extract induced splicing of the intron downstream of N1, indicating that the competitor sequence binds to splicing repressor proteins. The similarities between this mechanism for src splicing repression and the repression of other regulated exons point to a common role of exon-spanning interactions in splicing repression.
35% efficient nonconcentrating novel silicon solar cell (1992)

An energy conversion efficiency of 35% was obtained at 1-sun, air mass 1.5 for a novel silicon cell. The critical feature of the cell structure is the inclusion of local defect layers near a p-n junction. The local defect layers were proven to hold the key to achieving the exceptionally high efficiency of the novel cell fabricated via noncomplex processing.
Photonic space-division switching system for broadband services (2005)

A practical 32-line photonic space-division switching system a fabricated using the world first 8x8 polarization independent LiNbO3 matrix switches. Owing to their polarization independence, the switching system can employ ordinary single-made optical fibers for subscriber access lines, which greatly contributes to make a photonic switching system practical and competent for broadband communications services. A three-stage switching network, with specially designed optical matrix switches in the third stage, is developed to provide HDTV- program distribution services as well as TV phone services. The overall insertion loss and crosstalk characteristics of the matrix switches, and the feasibility of the system is proved. The constructed 32-fine photonic switching system is now successfully operating. To extend the line capacity so over one hundred laser diode optical amplifier employment is investigated as well. Some 128-line switching networks including one optical amplifier stage are presented and requirements for optical amplifier gain and matrix switch insertion loss to implement the networks are clearly indicated. Those requirements are almost within reach of the current intensive research activities on the LiNbO3 matrix switches and laser diode amplifiers. Owing to the experiment and investigations described above, it is concluded that a practical 128 more line photonic switching system can be fabricated in the near future.
ArF immersion lithography: critical optical issues (2004)

We present selected results of our feasibility study on ArF Immersion lithography from the viewpoint of the exposure-tool development. First, we show that utilizing finite bubble lifetime in degassed water can eliminate air bubbles that are generated by wafer scanning. Second, it is shown that thermal fluctuation of immersion liquid as well as vectorial diffraction effect from the mask is not significant in terms of imaging performance. Third, we demonstrate resist imaging of 60-nm and 45-nm line-and-space patterns in interferometric exposure experiments with an ArF laser at the power level of the actual exposure tools. Fourth, the increase of the depth of focus is confirmed using an alpha exposure tool of ArF immersion. All these results indicate that the ArF immersion lithography is promising for 65-nm half-pitch node and beyond.
Comparison of media and culture techniques for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in respiratory secretions (1980)

We compared the relative efficacy of three methods for the isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae in lower respiratory secretions. Based on results from 294 clinical specimens, we found that S. pneumoniae was isolated at a frequency of 65% with 5% sheep blood agar or 5% sheep blood agar containing 5 micrograms of gentamicin per ml, both incubated in 5% CO2. Anaerobic incubation of 5% sheep blood agar enhanced the recovery rate of S. pneumoniae to 93%. The improved efficacy with anaerobic incubation is due to the greater ease of recognition of the larger and more mucoid colonies of S. pneumoniae, and to the suppression of the growth of other oral bacteria present in the respiratory sections.
Water‐resistant plant protein<i>‐</i>based nanofiber membranes (2015)

ABSTRACT Developing green and sustainable alternative materials to replace petroleum based ones is the need of the day. Such green materials are becoming popular because they can be composted once their useful life is over. In the current research, protein‐based nanofibers were fabricated without the use of any toxic cross‐linking agent. Defatted soy flour was purified using an acid‐wash process to obtain material with higher protein content, blended with gluten, and successfully electrospun into nanofibers with the help of polyvinyl alcohol. Oxidation of sucrose with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was carried out to synthesize oxidized sugar‐containing aldehyde (—CHO) groups and used as green cross‐linker. The cross‐linking quality of protein‐based nanofibers modified by oxidized sugar was found to be similar to nanofibers cross‐linked using toxic glyoxal and show good resistance to water. These novel green protein‐based nanofibers can be useful in fabricating inexpensive products with very high specific surface area and highly porous structure. © 2015 The Authors Journal of Applied Polymer Science Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41852.
Nucleotide Sequence Responsible for the Synthesis of a Truncated Coat Protein of Brome Mosaic Virus Strain ATCC66 (1992)

The ATCC66 strain of brome mosaic virus (BMV) (propagated at Kyoto University) contained two types of coat protein in its virion whereas the Russian strain of BMV has been known to contain a single coat protein; both strains have two initiation codons for coat protein in the same reading frame at the 5'-proximal end of the gene in RNA 4. Comparative studies on the nucleotide sequences of the ATCC66 and Russian strains of BMV demonstrated that in the ATCC66 strain, two adjacent adenine residues were absent from RNA 3 in the leader sequences of the coat protein gene just a few nucleotides 5' to the first initiation codon of the coat protein gene. Using biologically active cDNA clones of BMV RNA of the ATCC66 strain, we inserted two adjacent adenine residues into the cDNA of RNA 3 to obtain an RNA 3 transcript which has the same nucleotide sequence as the Russian strain in the non-coding leader sequence of the coat protein gene. Barley protoplasts inoculated with this RNA 3 transcript together with RNA 1 and 2 produced a single coat protein. To obtain further insight into the mechanism of translation of the BMV coat protein, we constructed several types of RNA 4 by changing the sequence surrounding the first AUG codon in the coat protein gene and analysed the in vitro translation products of the mutant RNA 4. The results confirmed that the absence of the two adjacent adenine residues was responsible for the production of two types of coat protein in the ATCC66 strain. The deletion of the two adjacent adenine residues in ATCC66 resulted in a base substitution of A with U three nucleotides 5' to the first AUG in the coat protein gene. The base substitution reduced translational activity from the first AUG codon and concomitantly increased translational activity from the second AUG codon from which a truncated coat protein was translated.
Gold Nanoparticles Generated by Electron Beam Lithography of Gold(I)−Thiolate Thin Films (2005)

Patterned arrays of gold nanoparticles in two dimensions were prepared by the electron beam reduction and subsequent thermolysis of gold(I)−thiolate complexes on silicon surfaces. The array line widths are <50 nm and they are composed of small gold nanoparticles (average diameters from 2 to 4.5 nm). Variation in the electron beam dose allows for the variation of the interparticle distances in a given sample.
Biology in the News (1954)

Other| December 01 1954 Biology in the News H. Charles H. Charles Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1954) 16 (8): 215. https://doi.org/10.2307/4438651 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H. Charles; Biology in the News. The American Biology Teacher 1 December 1954; 16 (8): 215. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4438651 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Suppression of monocyte oxidative response by phenolic glycolipid I of <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i>. (1989)

Mycobacterium leprae synthesizes a unique phenolic glycolipid (PGL-I) in abundant quantities. We studied the effect of PGL-I on the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) by stimulated human monocytes. Peripheral blood monocytes pretreated with PGL-I released less O2- when stimulated with M. leprae than did control monocytes. Monocytes pretreated with dimycocerosyl phthiocerol, mycoside A of Mycobacterium kansasii, or mycoside B of Mycobacterium microti, on the other hand, released O2- in quantities comparable to control monocytes in response to M. leprae stimulation. Monocyte O2- release in response to other stimuli of the oxidative metabolic burst, such as PMA, zymosan, Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin, or M. kansasii, was unaffected by lipid pretreatment. These findings demonstrate that PGL-I has a direct effect on monocyte O2- generation in response to M. leprae and suggest that PGL-I is a modulator of phagocytic cell function.
Evaluation of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Esophageal Cancer: PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors Versus Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (2012)

RECIST based on the anatomic size reduction rate did not demonstrate the correlation between therapeutic responses and prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, PERCIST was found to be the strongest independent predictor of outcomes. Given the significance of noninvasive radiologic imaging in formulating clinical treatment strategies, PERCIST might be considered more suitable for evaluation of chemotherapeutic response to esophageal cancer than RECIST.
Real-time Application Monitoring and Diagnosis for Service Hosting Platforms of Black Boxes (2007)

Service hosting platforms typically run a large number of third-party applications that are composed of multiple communicating components distributed on a dynamic set of hosting servers. Understanding the real-time behaviors of these applications and the intricate interactions/dependency relationships among these application components is very important to service management tasks such as load balancing, capacity planning, performance debugging and fault diagnosis. In this paper, we present the scalable real-time application monitoring and diagnosis (SRAMD) tool, for applications consisting of "black box" components: software without source code available, and usually without desired logging instrumentation. SRAMD runs at application layer and requires no modification to existing applications, middleware, or messages. For each application component collocated at its hosting server, a SRAMD monitor traces the component's packet-level traffic unobtrusively, summarizes its local resource utilization and performance (e.g. response time) online, performs interactive queries (e.g. per- request resource utilization) to locate possible bottlenecks on- demand, and discovers inter-component dependence relationships statistically. The SRAMD controller simply aggregates reports from distributed monitors to construct real-time application topologies with rich runtime information. We have developed mechanisms to decentralize the computation overhead and minimize the communication cost in the monitoring and diagnosis process, and two schemes to discover application component dependency relationships in different scenarios. The SRAMD tool offers an alternative to server logs and message-level traces for service monitoring and performance diagnosis.
Mechanically compliant and lithium dendrite growth-suppressing composite polymer electrolytes for flexible lithium-ion batteries (2013)

We demonstrate mechanically compliant and lithium dendrite growth-suppressing composite polymer electrolytes for use in flexible lithium-ion batteries. This new composite polymer electrolyte (referred to as “CPE”) is fabricated via an exquisite combination of UV (ultraviolet)-cured ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate macromer (serving as a mechanical framework) and Al2O3 nanoparticles (as a functional filler) in the presence of a high boiling point liquid electrolyte. A distinctive structural feature of the CPE is the close-packed Al2O3 nanoparticles in the liquid electrolyte-swollen ETPTA macromer matrix. Owing to this unique morphology, the CPE provides significant improvements in the mechanical bendability and suppression of lithium dendrite growth during charge–discharge cycling.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT VISCOUS APPROACH IN A CARTESIAN GRID FRAMEWORK AND APPLICATION TO ROTOR-FUSELAGE INTERACTION (2006)

Despite the high cost of memory and CPU time required to resolve the boundary layer, a viscous unstructured grid solver has many advantages over a structured grid solver such as the convenience in automated grid generation and shock or vortex capturing by solution adaption. Since the geometry and flow phenomenon of a helicopter are very complex, unstructured grid-based methods are well-suited to model properly the rotor-fuselage interaction than the structured grid solver. In present study, an unstructured Cartesian grid solver is developed on the basis of the existing solver, NASCART-GT. Instead of cut-cell approach, immersed boundary approach is applied with ghost cell boundary condition, which increases the accuracy and minimizes unphysical fluctuations of the flow properties. The standard k-epsilon model by Launder and Spalding is employed for the turbulence modeling, and a new wall function approach is devised for the unstructured Cartesian grid solver. It is quite challenging and has never done before to apply wall function approach to immersed Cartesian grid. The difficulty lies in the inability to acquire smooth variation of y+ in the desired range due to the non-body-fitted cells near the solid wall. The wall function boundary condition developed in this work yields stable and reasonable solution within the accuracy of the turbulence model. The grid efficiency is also improved with respect to the conventional method. The turbulence modeling is validated and the efficiency of the developed boundary condition is tested in 2-D flow field around a flat plate, NACA0012 airfoil, axisymmetric hemispheroid, and rotorcraft applications.\nFor rotor modeling, an actuator disk model is chosen, since it is efficient and is widely verified in the study of the rotor-fuselage interaction. This model considers the rotor as an infinitely thin disk, which carries pressure jump across the disk and allows flow to pass through it. The full three dimensional calculations of Euler and RANS equations are performed for the GT rotor model and ROBIN configuration to test implemented actuator disk model along with the developed turbulence modeling. Finally, the characteristics of the rotor-fuselage interaction are investigated by comparing the numerical solutions with the experiments.
A novel point mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET proto-oncogene in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma and in a family with FMTC. (1995)

Germline mutations within one of six codons of the RET proto-oncogene account for the majority of cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and type 2B and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). MEN 2A and FMTC mutations characterised thus far occur exclusively in the cysteine-rich domain of the extracellular region of RET. We now report a missense mutation in the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of RET in the germline of a family with FMTC that does not have a cysteine codon mutation. In this family, the mutation, which alters GAG (Glu) to GAC (Asp) at codon 768, segregates with the FMTC phenotype. The same mutation was also detected in sporadic MTC but not in corresponding constitutional DNA, confirming that it is likely to be of pathological significance rather than a rare polymorphism.