gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A distribution-free procedure for the statistical analysis of bioequivalence studies. (1990)

In bioequivalence assessment, the consumer risk of erroneously accepting bioequivalence is of primary concern. In order to control the consumer risk, the decision problem is formulated with bioinequivalence as hypothesis and bioequivalence as alternative. In the parametric approach, a split into two one-sided test problems and application of two-sample t-tests have been suggested. Rejection of both hypotheses at nominal alpha-level is equivalent to the inclusion of the classical (shortest) (1-2 alpha) 100%-confidence interval in the bioequivalence range. This paper demonstrates that the rejection of the two one-sided hypotheses at nominal alpha-level by means of nonparametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests is equivalent to the inclusion of the corresponding distribution-free (1-2 alpha) 100%-confidence interval in the bioequivalence range. This distribution-free (nonparametric) approach needs weaker model assumptions and hence presents an alternative to the parametric approach.
Drug polymorphism: a review (2010)

Formulators are charged with the responsibility of formulating a product which is physically and chemically stable, and bioavailable. Solid-state properties including polymorphism, solvate and salt formation can have a profound impact on important properties (solubility & stability) that are essential for successful development of drug candidates. Crystallization of pharmaceutically active ingredients, particularly those that possess multiple polymorphic forms, are among the most critical and least understood pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Many process and product failures can be traced to a poor understanding and control of crystallization processes. Most drugs exhibits structural polymorphism and it is desirable to develop the most thermodynamically stable polymorph of the drug to assure reproducible bioavailability of the product over its shelf-life under a variety of real world storage conditions. There are occasional situations in which development of a meta-stable crystalline or amorphous form is justified to achieve the desired medical benefit. Such situation includes those in which faster dissolution rates or higher concentrations are desired in order to achieve rapid absorption and the efficiency or to achieve acceptable systemic exposure for low solubility drugs. This article briefly reviews the basic principle of polymorphism, different classes of phase transformations, the underlying transformation mechanisms with respective kinetic factors and hence the impact of polymorphism on pharmaceutical formulations. Keywords: Bioavailability, Crystallization, Polymorphism.
Rifampin-Fluconazole Interaction in Critically ILL Patients (1995)

Although limited data are available describing the magnitude of the interaction between fluconazole and rifampin in patients, our data suggest a more significant interaction than previously reported. If the concurrent administration of the 2 drugs in unavoidable, the patient's clinical response to treatment should be monitored closely, as the unexpectedly large reduction in fluconazole serum concentrations may lead to poor treatment outcomes.
Admission control schemes for wireless communication networks with adjustable transmitter powers (2002)

When new mobiles are admitted in some channel of a wireless communication network traditional power control algorithms cannot foresee the effect that new admissions have on the signal-to-interference ratios (SIR) of active mobiles already using the channel, and may cause fluctuations of their SIR below acceptable levels during the process. The authors present two algorithms that manage transmission power and channel admissions jointly to maintain the SIR of all links above some quality factor /spl gamma/ at all times. This joint control of power and channels results in high channel reuse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Artificial intelligence and grids: workflow planning and beyond (2004)

A key challenge for grid computing is creating large-scale, end-to-end scientific applications that draw from pools of specialized scientific components to derive elaborate new results. We develop Pegasus, an AI planning system which is integrated into the grid environment that takes a user's highly specified desired results, generates valid workflows that take into account available resources, and submits the workflows for execution on the grid. We also begin to extend it as a more distributed and knowledge-rich architecture.
Review on the Efficacy, Safety and Clinical Applications of Polihexanide, a Modern Wound Antiseptic (2010)

Infected wounds are still one of the great challenges in medicine. In the last decade, it has become increasingly clear that antimicrobial chemotherapy is limited by the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Fortunately, new, highly effective antiseptic substances with a broad antimicrobial spectrum are available, so local treatment is expected to get increasingly more important in wound therapy. This paper reviews the antiseptic agent polihexanide (polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB), one of the most promising substances available today, from a clinical point of view, focusing on efficacy, safety and clinical applications.
Proteome Analysis of<i>Arabidopsis</i>Leaf Peroxisomes Reveals Novel Targeting Peptides, Metabolic Pathways, and Defense Mechanisms (2007)

We have established a protocol for the isolation of highly purified peroxisomes from mature Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and analyzed the proteome by complementary gel-based and gel-free approaches. Seventy-eight nonredundant proteins were identified, of which 42 novel proteins had previously not been associated with plant peroxisomes. Seventeen novel proteins carried predicted peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS) type 1 or type 2; 11 proteins contained PTS-related peptides. Peroxisome targeting was supported for many novel proteins by in silico analyses and confirmed for 11 representative full-length fusion proteins by fluorescence microscopy. The targeting function of predicted and unpredicted signals was investigated and SSL>, SSI>, and ASL> were established as novel functional PTS1 peptides. In contrast with the generally accepted confinement of PTS2 peptides to the N-terminal domain, the bifunctional transthyretin-like protein was demonstrated to carry internally a functional PTS2. The novel enzymes include numerous enoyl-CoA hydratases, short-chain dehydrogenases, and several enzymes involved in NADP and glutathione metabolism. Seven proteins, including beta-glucosidases and myrosinases, support the currently emerging evidence for an important role of leaf peroxisomes in defense against pathogens and herbivores. The data provide new insights into the biology of plant peroxisomes and improve the prediction accuracy of peroxisome-targeted proteins from genome sequences.
Accurate Noniterative Fault Location Algorithm Utilizing Two-End Unsynchronized Measurements (2009)

This paper presents a new two-terminal impedance-based fault location algorithm, which takes into account the distributed parameter line model. The algorithm utilizes unsynchronized measurements of voltages and currents from two ends of a line and is formulated in terms of the fundamental frequency phasors of symmetrical components of the measured signals. First, an analytical synchronization of the unsynchronized measurements is performed with use of the determined synchronization operator. Then, the distance to fault is calculated as for the synchronized measurements. Simultaneous usage of two kinds of symmetrical components for determining the synchronization operator makes that the calculations are simple, noniterative and at the same time highly accurate. The developed fault location algorithm has been thoroughly tested using signals of ATP-EMTP versatile simulations of faults on a transmission line. The presented evaluation shows the validity of the developed fault location algorithm and its high accuracy.
Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Targeting Two Different Antigens Limits Antigen Loss and Tumor Escape (2012)

An antitumor T-cell response can lead to tumor control without clearing all tumor cells. As long as residual tumor cells remain, there is a constant risk of escape from that T-cell response. We previously showed that adoptive transfer of anti-ova OT-I T cells into B16ova-bearing mice led to tumor regression followed by escape of tumors that had lost the ova gene, rendering the OT-I T cells ineffective. In this study, we hypothesized that simultaneous transfer of cytotoxic T lymphocytes targeted against two independent antigens would reduce selection for single-antigen-loss cells, thereby limiting tumor escape. Using OT-I and Pmel T cells to treat B16ova tumors, we found that early cotransfer could prevent tumor emergence in most mice, whereas neither T-cell specificity alone was able to do so. When combined with total body irradiation for the treatment of larger 7-day tumors, cotransfer was also better at limiting tumor recurrence, and the tumors that did escape combination therapy continued to express both target antigens. As adoptively transferred T cells also persisted in vivo, even in mice with recurrent tumors, we hypothesized that restimulation of these antitumor T cells would prolong survival of mice with recurrent tumors. Consistent with this hypothesis, administration of a low-dose regimen of cyclophosphamide following tumor escape slowed tumor growth in mice that had previously received T-cell therapy, but not in control-treated mice, an effect that was associated with increased activation of T cells in vitro by low- but not high-dose cyclophosphamide.
Measurement of Strain and Stress Distributions in Structural Materials by Electron Moire Method (2008)

A method for measuring the strain and stress distributions in structural materials has been introduced. Fine model grids were fabricated by electron beam lithography, and an electron beam scan by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used as the master grid. Exposure of the electron beam scan onto the model grid in an SEM produced the electron beam moiré fringes of bright and dark parts caused by the different amounts of the secondary electrons per a primary electron. For demonstration, the micro-creep deformation of pure copper was observed. The creep strain distribution and the grain boundary sliding were analyzed. The residual strain and stress at the interface between a fiber and a matrix of a fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) were measured using the pushing-out test and this electron moiré method. Also, a non-uniform deformation around the boundary of 3-point bended laminated steel was observed and the strain distribution analyzed.
PERK Regulates the Proliferation and Development of Insulin-Secreting Beta-Cell Tumors in the Endocrine Pancreas of Mice (2009)

We conclude that PERK has two roles in the development of beta-cell insulinomas, first to support rapid cell proliferation during the initial transition to islet hyperplasia and later to promote angiogenesis during the progression to late-stage encapsulated tumors.
Integrated-optic wavelength multi- and demultiplexers using a chirped grating and an ion-exchanged waveguide (1982)

Wavelength multiplexers and demultiplexers using a chirped grating and an ion-exchanged multimode waveguide are presented. The waveguide is prepared by the electric-field-assisted ion-exchange technique, and the chirped grating is fabricated by the computer-controlled electron-beam writing technique. The device requires no collimating and focusing components and has the advantages of (1) high resolution, (2) large channel number, (3) small cross talk, (4) low insertion loss, (5) low loss coupling to multimode fiber, (6) compact and stable rugged structure, and (7) possibility of economical mass production. The design considerations and the fabrication process are described, and the demultiplexing characteristics of the fabricated device are discussed.
Blackbody thermal radiator with vertically aligned carbon nanotube coating (2014)

The effective emissivity of a cavity-type blackbody thermal radiator is greatly enhanced by a target disk with a coating of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT). The effective emissivity of this cavity is close to 1 and is less dependent on wavelength. Observed and calculated increases in radiance temperature owing to the use of the CNT disk show good agreement with each other and the dependence of the radiance temperature on the cavity depth is reduced substantially, thus enabling a compact cavity that can be effectively employed in the calibration of industrial radiation thermometers operating in a wide wavelength range.
Overproduction of threonine by Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants resistant to hydroxynorvaline (1992)

In this work, we isolated and characterized mutants that overproduce threonine from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutants were selected for resistance to the threonine analog alpha-amino-beta-hydroxynorvalerate (hydroxynorvaline), and, of these, the ones able to excrete threonine to the medium were chosen. The mutant strains produce between 15 and 30 times more threonine than the wild type does, and, to a lesser degree, they also accumulate isoleucine. Genetic and biochemical studies have revealed that the threonine overproduction is, in all cases studied, associated with the presence in the strain of a HOM3 allele coding for a mutant aspartate kinase that is totally or partially insensitive to feedback inhibition by threonine. This enzyme seems, therefore, to be crucial in the regulation of threonine biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae. The results obtained suggest that this strategy could be efficiently applied to the isolation of threonine-overproducing strains of yeasts other than S. cerevisiae, even those used industrially.
A highly reversible room-temperature lithium metal battery based on crosslinked hairy nanoparticles (2015)

Rough electrodeposition, uncontrolled parasitic side-reactions with electrolytes and dendrite-induced short-circuits have hindered development of advanced energy storage technologies based on metallic lithium, sodium and aluminium electrodes. Solid polymer electrolytes and nanoparticle-polymer composites have shown promise as candidates to suppress lithium dendrite growth, but the challenge of simultaneously maintaining high mechanical strength and high ionic conductivity at room temperature has so far been unmet in these materials. Here we report a facile and scalable method of fabricating tough, freestanding membranes that combine the best attributes of solid polymers, nanocomposites and gel-polymer electrolytes. Hairy nanoparticles are employed as multifunctional nodes for polymer crosslinking, which produces mechanically robust membranes that are exceptionally effective in inhibiting dendrite growth in a lithium metal battery. The membranes are also reported to enable stable cycling of lithium batteries paired with conventional intercalating cathodes. Our findings appear to provide an important step towards room-temperature dendrite-free batteries.
Design Considerations in Microstrip Antenna Fabrication (1980)

Deviations in effective electrical dimensions caused by slight variations in finished microstrip antenna length, variations in the relative permittivity of the substrate material or nonuniformity in the substrate thickness lead to discrepancies between the designed and actual resonant frequencies. This sort of discrepancy is especially significant because of the narrow bandwidth of such antennas. It is found that for low dielectric substrate microstrip antennas, the critical parameter affecting the change in resonant frequency is the error in antenna length while for high permittivity substrates, the tolerance in dielectric constant is the critical parameter.
Evaluating the accessibility of rich internet applications (2012)

The Web has been growing in size and complexity and is used for the most diverse activities in our every day life, becoming almost indispensable. Besides, Web applications are becoming more popular, and consequently used by a wide range of people. Thus, it is important to evaluate the accessibility of the new Rich Internet Applications (RIA) to guarantee that everyone can access the information.
Molecular phylogeny of Archaea from soil (1997)

Cultivation methods have contributed to our present knowledge about the presence and diversity of microbes in naturally occurring communities. However, it is well established that only a small fraction of prokaryotes have been cultivated by standard methods and, therefore, the prokaryotes that are cultivated may not reflect the composition and diversity within those communities. Of the two prokaryotic phylogenetic domains, Bacteria and Archaea, members of the former have been shown to be ubiquitous in nature, with ample evidence of vast assemblages of uncultured organisms. There is also now increasingly compelling evidence that the Archaea, which were once thought to occupy a limited number of environments, are also globally widespread. Here we report the use of molecular phylogenetic techniques, which are independent of microbial cultivation, to conduct an assessment of Archaea in a soil microbial community. Small subunit ribosomal RNA genes of Archaea were amplified from soil and cloned. Phylogenetic and nucleotide signature analyses of these cloned small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences revealed a cluster of Archaea from a soil microbial community that diverge deeply from the crenarchaeotal line of descent and has the closest affiliation to the lineage of planktonic Archaea. The identification and phylogenetic classification of this archaeal lineage from soil contributes to our understanding of the ecological significance of Archaea as a component of microbial communities in non-extreme environments.
The Association of Scapular Kinematics and Glenohumeral Joint Pathologies (2009)

Level 5.
Foundations of the PARAFAC procedure: Models and conditions for an "explanatory" multi-model factor analysis (1970)

Simple structure and other common principles of factor rotation do not in general provide strong grounds for attributing explanatory significance to the factors which they select. In contrast, it is shown that an extension of Cattell's principle of rotation to Proportional Profiles (PP) offers a basis for determining explanatory factors for three-way or higher order multi-mode data. Conceptual models are developed for two basic patterns of multi-mode data variation, systemand object-variation, and PP analysis is found to apply in the system-variation case. Although PP was originally formulated as a principle of rotation to be used with classic two-way factor analysis, it is shown to embody a latent three-mode factor model, which is here made explicit and generalized frown two to N parallel occasions. As originally formulated, PP rotation was restricted to orthogonal factors. The generalized PP model is demonstrated to give unique correct solutions with oblique, non-simple structure, and even non-linear factor structures. A series of tests, conducted with synthetic data of known factor composition, demonstrate the capabilities of linear and non-linear versions of the model, provide data on the minimal necessary conditions of uniqueness, and reveal the properties of the analysis procedures when these minimal conditions are not fulfilled. In addition, a mathematical proof is presented for the uniqueness of the solution given certain conditions on the data. Three-mode PP factor analysis is applied to a three-way set of real data consisting of the fundamental and first three formant frequencies of 11 persons saying 8 vowels. A unique solution is extracted, consisting of three factors which are highly meaningful and consistent with prior knowledge and theory concerning vowel quality. The relationships between the three-mode PP model and Tucker's multi-modal model, McDonald's non-linear model and Carroll and Chang's multi-dimensional scaling model are explored.
Computer vision elastography: speckle adaptive motion estimation for elastography using ultrasound sequences (2005)

We present the development and validation of an image based speckle tracking methodology, for determining temporal two-dimensional (2-D) axial and lateral displacement and strain fields from ultrasound video streams. We refine a multiple scale region matching approach incorporating novel solutions to known speckle tracking problems. Key contributions include automatic similarity measure selection to adapt to varying speckle density, quantifying trajectory fields, and spatiotemporal elastograms. Results are validated using tissue mimicking phantoms and in vitro data, before applying them to in vivo musculoskeletal ultrasound sequences. The method presented has the potential to improve clinical knowledge of tendon pathology from carpel tunnel syndrome, inflammation from implants, sport injuries, and many others.
A Magnetic Flux Leakage and Magnetostrictive Guided Wave Hybrid Transducer for Detecting Bridge Cables (2012)

Condition assessment of cables has gained considerable attention for the bridge safety. A magnetic flux leakage and magnetostrictive guided wave hybrid transducer is provided to inspect bridge cables. The similarities and differences between the two methods are investigated. The hybrid transducer for bridge cables consists of an aluminum framework, climbing modules, embedded magnetizers and a ribbon coil. The static axial magnetic field provided by the magnetizers meets the needs of the magnetic flux leakage testing and the magnetostrictive guided wave testing. The magnetizers also provide the attraction for the climbing modules. In the magnetic flux leakage testing for the free length of cable, the coil induces the axial leakage magnetic field. In the magnetostrictive guided wave testing for the anchorage zone, the coil provides a pulse high power variational magnetic field for generating guided waves; the coil induces the magnetic field variation for receiving guided waves. The experimental results show that the transducer with the corresponding inspection system could be applied to detect the broken wires in the free length and in the anchorage zone of bridge cables.
The Theory and Application of True Weighted Efficiency -- A New Metric to Evaluate Pump Energy Efficiency Considering Multiple Operating Conditions (2018)

Trygve Dahl is a mechanical engineer who has held positions in design, manufacturing, sales, R&D and executive management over his
Effects of magnetic saturation on radial force of bearingless synchronous reluctance machines (2002)

The effects of magnetic saturation on radial force production in synchronous reluctance type bearingless motors are discussed. MMFs are calculated and flux densities are derived with approximated magnetic saturation curve. The radial force is almost proportional to the difference of squared flux densities. The maximum radial force is limited by magnetic saturation. To achieve maximum radial force, motor excitation has to be set to an optimal value. The force constant (radial force/radial force winding current) can also be maximized at the optimal excitation. The maximum radial force value is derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
터치스크린용 Ag pastes 종류에 따른 신뢰성 테스트 특성 연구 (2012)

본 연구에서는 서로 다른 터치스크린용 Ag pastes를 스크린 인쇄 방식으로 ITO film위에 전도성 패턴을 형성하고 10장씩 인쇄하여 130℃ 10분 동안 건조 하였다. 여기서 130℃ 10분의 건조 조건은 ITO film의 열화가 발생하지 않는 조건이다. 신뢰성 테스트는 염수테스트와 고온고습테스트를 진행한다. 각 테스트는 2장씩의 전도성 패턴 상태를 확인한다. 전도성 패턴을 침적 시킨 염수(NaCl 5% 녹인 증류수)를 박스형 열풍 건조기(35℃)에서 각 24, 48, 72시간 마다 상태를 확인하고 고온고습기(60℃ 90%)에서는 각 120,240시간 마다 상태를 확인하였다. 이런 신뢰성 테스트를 통해 서로 다른 Ag pastes의 접착력, 전도성의 변화 등을 알 수 있어 품질 저하를 막을 수 있고, 신뢰성 테스트에서 표면의 산소함량이 많은 Ag paste는 변색이 빨리 올 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.