gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemolysis in Sickle Cell Disease (1974)

The existence of hemolysis in sickle cell disease has been documented by both indirect and direct methods. The existence of bone-marrow erythroid hyperplasia, reticulocytosis, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, and elevations of plasma hemoglobin and serum lactic acid dehydrogenase values show hemolytic disease. Direct studies of erythrocyte survival, including the Ashby differential agglutination technique as well as isotopic methods have all shown a markedly decreased red blood cell survival in the range of 10 to 30 days mean cell life-span. Data obtained by means of endogenous production of carbon monoxide have shown that the mean rate of heme catabolism is approximately six times normal but varies from 3 to 14 times normal in individual patients. These data document, by a relatively new technique, the consistent presence of a severe hemolytic process in sickle cell anemia.
Agents with or without Emotions (2002)

This paper presents a critical view of the status quo of some of the emerging research efforts on emotional agents. It attempts to isolate (at least roughly) some of the reasons why emotional agents may be desirable and points to the difficulties of making notions of emotion precise. It lists various problems connected to emotional agents and concludes that it is counterproductive to the whole endeavor of understanding and modeling emotions if &quot;emotion labels&quot; are conferred upon states of agents prematurely without justification.
Efficient and Verifiable Shuffling and Shuffle-Decryption (2005)

In this paper, we propose an efficient protocol for proving the correctness of shuffling and an efficient protocol for simultaneously proving the correctness of both shuffling and decryption. The former protocol is the most efficient in computational and communication complexity among 3-move honest verifier perfect zero-knowledge protocols for proving a shuffling of ElGamal cipher-texts. The latter protocol is the most efficient in computational, communication, and round complexity, as a whole, in proving the correctness of both shuffling and decryption of ElGamal cipher-texts. The proposed protocols will be a building block of an efficient, universally verifiable mix-net, whose application to voting systems is prominent.
Tissue Engineering of Tooth Crown, Root, and Periodontium (2006)

Tissue engineering of teeth requires the coordinated formation of correctly shaped crowns, roots, and periodontal ligament. Previous studies have shown that the dental mesenchyme controls crown morphogenesis and epithelial histogenesis during tooth development in vivo, but little is known about the inductive potential of dissociated mesenchymal cells used in ex vivo cultures. A 2-step method is described in which, by using different types of reassociations between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues and/or cells from mouse embryos, reassociations were cultured in vitro before in vivo implantation. In vitro, the reassociated tissues developed and resulted in tooth-like structures that exhibited normal epithelial histogenesis and allowed the functional differentiation of odontoblasts and ameloblasts. After implantation, the reassociations formed roots and periodontal ligament, the latter connected to developing bone. The shape of the crown, initially suspected to depend on the integrity of the mesenchyme, could be modulated by adjusting the number of dissociated mesenchymal cells reassociated with the epithelial compartment. Based on these results, we propose a refined strategy for tooth tissue engineering that may help to eventually generate morphologically defined teeth.
The composition and stability of the vaginal microbiota of normal pregnant women is different from that of non-pregnant women (2014)

We report the first longitudinal study of the vaginal microbiota in normal pregnancy. Differences in the composition and stability of the microbial community between pregnant and non-pregnant women were observed. Lactobacillus spp. were the predominant members of the microbial community in normal pregnancy. These results can serve as the basis to study the relationship between the vaginal microbiome and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Soluble complement receptor 1 (CD35) delivered by retrovirally infected syngeneic cells or by naked DNA injection prevents the progression of collagen-induced arthritis (2000)

Our findings demonstrated that tsCR1 and tsCR1-Ig, when delivered via gene therapy, had a beneficial effect on autoimmune inflammation. These results indicate that targeting the complement system in RA patients may be of clinical importance.
Cell-wall thickness: possible mechanism of acriflavine resistance in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2009)

Acriflavine resistance in the clinical meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate KT24 was found not to be mediated by multidrug efflux pumps encoded by qacA/B, smr, qacE, qacG, qacH, qacJ or norA. Early uptake and accumulation of ethidium bromide in MRSA KT24 was significantly lower than that in a susceptible strain, although the efflux rates were similar. Therefore, a permeability barrier in MRSA KT24 may be the conceivable mechanism of acriflavine resistance. Interestingly, it was found that MRSA KT24 had a significantly thickened cell wall, and that cell-wall thickness increased gradually during bacterial growth. In contrast, cell size and surface area in MRSA KT24 were not different from those in the susceptible strain. Moreover, MRSA KT24 exposure to sub-MIC concentrations of acriflavine resulted in a thicker cell wall. These results indicate that cell-wall thickness may be responsible for acriflavine resistance in S. aureus.
GaAs thin-film solar cells (1967)

Thin-film solar cells utilizing polycrystalline gallium-arsenide films have been made and investigated to determine their suitability for future solar-power systems. The gallium-arsenide films are vapor deposited onto substrates of molybdenum or aluminum foil. Of the various junctions investigated, the most successful has been one consisting of a surface barrier employing an evaporated film of platinum or semiconducting copper selenide. The efficiencies of platinum gallium-arsenide barriers on molybdenum substrates have been 3 percent for 4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area, 4.5 percent for 2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area and 5 percent for 0.2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area. For copper selenide gallium-arsenide barriers on molybdenum an efficiency of 4.6 percent for 0.73 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area has been measured; using aluminum substrates this figure is 4.3 percent for the same area with a power-to-weight ratio in excess of 135 watts per pound. With an etching treatment, cells made with copper selenide barriers have shown no degradation on the shelf or under load at room ambient.
Syntheses and Investigations of Polymers Containing the 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Nucleus (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses and Investigations of Polymers Containing the 1,2,4-Oxadiazole NucleusDavid A. Klein and Roger A. FoutyCite this: Macromolecules 1968, 1, 4, 318–324Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60004a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60004a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>RADIUS: research and development for image understanding systems phase 1</title> (1992)

The central goal of the Research and Development for Image Understanding Systems (RADIUS) project is to focus image understanding (IU) research efforts on the needs of operational intelligence applications. Model-supported exploitation (MSE) is the underlying concept to be validated, developed, demonstrated, and evaluated. Site modeling is the principle component of the MSE concept that RADIUS must develop. IU research and development will be directed towards the creation and maintenance of site models, which will be used directly by the image analyst (IA) or by other IU algorithms as an intelligent assistant to the IA. Site models will provide a geometric means of associating collateral data with site components. Hughes Aircraft Company is teamed with BDM International, Inc. (BDM), Washington, D.C., Control Data Corporation (CDC), Minneapolis, Minnesota, Hughes Research Laboratories (HRL), and the University of Southern California (USC).
Suppression of Side‐Etching in  C 2 H 6 /  H 2 /  O 2 Reactive Ion Etching for the Fabrication of an InGaAsP / InP P‐Substrate Buried‐Heterostructure Laser Diode (1993)

A reactive ion etching (RIE) technique using a , , and mixture was applied to the fabrication of (P‐substrate partially inverted buried heterostructure laser diodes, which have been commercially produced for their superior characteristics. The addition of suppressed side etching and made it possible to fabricate ridge mesa structures for the laser diodes with a height of 4 μm and a width of 1 μm with superior controllability. The effects of addition were investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy and a mechanism suppressing side etching was examined. The characteristics including lifetime of the laser diodes fabricated by the RIE technique were as excellent as those of laser diodes fabricated by wet etching.
Synthesis and Serotonergic Activity of 3-[2-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]indoles:  Potent Agonists for the h5-HT<sub>1D</sub> Receptor with High Selectivity over the h5-HT<sub>1B</sub> Receptor (1999)

The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of 3-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]indoles with excellent selectivity for h5-HT1D (formerly 5-HT1Dalpha) receptors over h5-HT1B (formerly 5-HT1Dbeta) receptors are described. Clinically effective antimigraine drugs such as Sumatriptan show little selectivity between h5-HT1D and h5-HT1B receptors. The differential expression of h5-HT1D and h5-HT1B receptors in neural and vascular tissue prompted an investigation of whether a compound selective for the h5-HT1D subtype would have the same clinical efficacy but with reduced side effects. The pyrrolidine 3b was initially identified as having 9-fold selectivity for h5-HT1D over h5-HT1B receptors. Substitution of the pyrrolidine ring of 3b with methylbenzylamine groups gave compounds with nanomolar affinity for the h5-HT1D receptor and 100-fold selectivity with respect to h5-HT1B receptors. Modification of the indole 5-substituent led to the oxazolidinones 24a,b with up to 163-fold selectivity for the h5-HT1D subtype and improved selectivity over other serotonin receptors. The compounds were shown to be full agonists by measurement of agonist-induced [35S]GTPgammaS binding in CHO cells expressed with h5-HT receptors. This study suggests that the h5-HT1D and h5-HT1B receptors can be differentiated by appropriate substitution of the ligand in the region which binds to the aspartate residue and reveals a large binding pocket in the h5-HT1D receptor domain which is absent for the h5-HT1B receptor. The compounds described herein will be important tools to delineate the role of h5-HT1D receptors in migraine.
Finding optimum branchings (1977)

Abstract Chu and Liu, Edmonds, and Bock have independently devised an efficient algorithm to find an optimum branching in a directed graph. We give an implementation of the algorithm which runs in 0(m logn) time if the problem graph has n vertices and m edges. A modification for dense graphs gives a running time of 0(n 2 ). We also show that the unmodified algorithm runs in 0(n(log n) 2 +m) time on an average graph, assuming a uniform probability distribution.
Ethics and consumer electronics (1999)

The design of car (automobile) radios exposes ethical issues in the design of consumer electronics. We show that car radios, despite being manufactured for many years and being a well-understood technology, are unsafe to use. It is implausible that manufacturers design such unsafe devices unwittingly. We argue that complex in-car devices raise clear ethical issues: (i) their complexity of operation demands and diverts driver attention from road safety (social ethics — social responsibility) (ii) the values embedded in their design (e.g., marketing values, seductive styling) are not consistent with their function (design ethics — issues of professional responsibility) Further, we show there is a correspondence between theories of justice and these ethical issues.
Synthesis and some related studies of alkyl 2,3-bis(alkylidene)cyclopentanecarboxylates (2009)

With the use of lithium (trimethylstannyl)(cyano)cuprate (123), α, β -acetylenic esters of general structure 100 were converted into the corresponding alkyl (E)- and (Z)-3- trimethylstannyl-2-alkenoates 89 and 91. Homoallylic diiodides of general structures 98 and 99 were synthesized, via a sequence of transformations, from the corresponding esters 89 and 91, respectively. Deconjugation-alkylation of ailcyl (E)- and (Z)-3-trimethylstannyl-2- ailcenoates 89 and 91 with electrophiles 96 and 97, provided, stereoselectively, the functionalized esters of general structure 206. Palladium(0)-catalyzed intramolecular cross-coupling reaction of esters 206 provided alkyl 2,3-bis(alkylidene)cyclopentanecarboxylates of general structure 219 in good yields and in a stereochemically defmed fashion. Thus, a general strategy for the preparation of alkyl 2,3-bis (alkylidene)cyclpentanecarboxylates possessing E,E-, E,Z- and Z,Z configurations (i.e. 81,82 and 84) was established. The limitations of this palladiumcatalyzed intramolecular coupling reaction were shown by the inability to provide the Z,E diene 230 in a stereocontrolled manner, and by the low yield obtained in the preparation of 229. The dihedral angles between the two exocycic C=C bonds in the (Z,Z)-diene system of general structure 84 were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis of crystalline derivatives of alkyl (Z,Z)-2,3-bis(alkylidene)cyclopentanecarboxylates 222, 228 and 229. The magnitude of the dihedral angles in compounds 237,238,241, 243 and 247 ranges from 48.6° to 58.00. A new CuCl-mediated intramolecular coupling reaction of vinyl halide and vinyltrimethylstannane functions was discovered in conjunction with studies directed toward the synthesis of the Z,E-diene 230 in a stereochemically defined manner and toward the optimization of the yield in the preparation of 229. This method has been applied successfully to the preparation of a number of alkyl 2,3-bis(alkylidene)cyclopentanecarboxylates possessing E,E-, E,Z-, Z,E- and Z,Z-configurations (81,82,83 and 84) and to the synthesis of a variety of bicydic compounds containing a conjugated diene system (253,289-293). A provisional mechanism was proposed for this new coupling procedure. The Diels-Alder reactions of the dienophiles TCNE and MVK with the alkyl 2,3- bis(alkylidene)cyclopentanecarboxylates of general slructure 219 as well as the related dienes of general structure 314 were investigated. It was found that these Diels-Alder reactions occur with high face-, endo/exo- and regioselectivities. [chemical compound diagrams]
Display of Three-Dimensional Information in Computed Tomography (1977)

From a sequence of computed tomograms of two-dimensional transverse slices of a body one can build up a three-dimensional array of numbers containing spatial rather than cross-sectional information. We have developed computer methods to display a slice at arbitrary orientation through the three-dimensional object. The three-dimensional array of numbers can also be used to display what any particular organ would look like if it were removed from the body. This is done by a computer technique that first detects the surface of the organ of interest and then displays this surface on a screen.
A Novel Robot Fish With Wire-Driven Active Body and Compliant Tail (2017)

In the past two decades, a large number of robot fishes have been built, though their performances are still far inferior compared with that of the real fish. One of the key reasons is the design. This paper presents a novel robot fish. The key innovation is the combination of an active wire-driven body with a soft compliant tail to accomplish undulatory swimming (i.e., flapping in “S” motion). First, the design is presented. Second, the design and analysis model is given. In particular, it is shown that the compliant tail can be modeled through the proposed multipseudolink model. Then, a prototype and experimental results are presented. The experiment results demonstrate that the kinematics of the robot fish can be predicted by the presented model with reasonable errors. Moreover, it has several advantages; simple in structure, easy to control, capable of high-speed swimming (the maximum speed is 2.15 body lengths/s), and good maneuverability (the average turning speed is 63°/s). Most importantly, it is highly efficient; the swimming performance of the robot fish is close to that of a real fish.
HYPOXIA‐INDUCIBLE FACTOR‐1 IMPROVES THE ACTIONS OF POSITIVE INOTROPIC AGENTS IN STUNNED CARDIAC MYOCYTES (2009)

1. In the present study, we tested hypothesis that upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) would improve the actions of positive inotropic agents in cardiac myocytes after simulated ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R). 2. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α was upregulated with deferoxamine (150 mg/kg per day for 2 days). Rabbit cardiac myocytes were subjected to simulated ischaemia (15 min, 95% N(2)-5% CO2) and reperfusion (re-oxygenation) and compared with control myocytes. Cell contraction and calcium transients were measured at baseline and after forskolin (10(-7) and 10(-6) mol/L) or ouabain (10(-5) and 10(-4) mol/L). 3. Under control conditions, high-dose forskolin and ouabain increased percentage shortening by 20 and 18%, respectively. Deferoxamine-treated control myocytes responded similarly. In stunned myocytes, forskolin and ouabain did not significantly increase shortening (increases of 8% and 9%, respectively). Deferoxamine restored the effects of forskolin (+26%) and ouabain (+28%) in stunning. The results for maximum shortening and relaxation rates were similar. The increased calcium transients caused by forskolin and ouabain were also depressed in stunned myocytes, but were maintained by HIF-1 upregulation. 4. These results suggest that simulated I/R impaired the functional and calcium transient effects of positive inotropic agents. Upregulation of HIF-1 protects cardiac myocyte function after I/R by maintaining calcium release.
Tuning reconfigurable microarchitectures for power efficiency (2004)

Summary form only given. Modern microprocessors are designed with a fixed set of microarchitected resources. On the other hand, program resource requirements are known to vary across programs and even within a program as it goes through different phases of execution. This mismatch between the design and program requirements often leads to suboptimal power and/or performance. We present an adaptive microarchitecture that tailors itself dynamically to match changing program requirements. The goal of adaptation in this work is to achieve power efficiency without suffering significant performance degradation. The microarchitecture employs four multiconfiguration units nstruction cache, data cache, unified L2 cache and branch predictor along with light weight profiling hardware and sophisticated tuning algorithms. The profiling hardware collects working set signatures using a simple hash function and sparse sampling in order to reduce profiling hardware complexity. The tuning algorithms use these signatures to accurately detect program phase changes and decouple the tuning of each unit using a novel technique. Detailed simulations show that the best performing algorithm achieves subthreshold leakage power reductions as high as 76% for instruction cache, 46% for data cache, 63% for L2 cache and 73% for the branch predictor in the benchmarks studied. On average, the algorithm leads to 1.1% performance degradation while achieving 44%, 17%, 19%, and 28% reduction in subthreshold leakage power for instruction cache, data cache, L2 cache and branch predictor, respectively.
Triblock Copolymer Nanovesicles for pH-Responsive Targeted Delivery and Controlled Release of siRNA to Cancer Cells (2015)

New pH-responsive polymersomes for active anticancer oligonucleotide delivery were prepared from triblock copolymers. The delivery systems were formed by two terminal hydrophilic blocks, PEG and polyglycerolmethacrylate (poly-GMA), and a central weakly basic block, polyimidazole-hexyl methacrylate (poly-ImHeMA), which can complex with oligonucleotides and control vesicle formation/disassembly via pH variations. Targeted polymersomes were prepared by mixing folate-derivatized and underivatized copolymers. At pH 5, ds-DNA was found to complex with the pH-responsive copolymers at a N/P molar ratio above ∼2:1, which assisted the encapsulation of ds-DNA in the polymersomes, while low association was observed at pH 7.4. Cytotoxicity studies performed on folate receptor overexpressing KB and B16-F10 cells and low folate receptor expressing MCF-7 cells showed high tolerance of the polymersomes at up to 3 mg/mL concentration. Studies performed with red blood cells showed that at pH 5.0 the polymersomes have endosomolytic properties. Cytofluorimetric studies showed a 5.5-fold higher uptake of ds-DNA loaded folate-functional polymersomes in KB cells compared to nontargeted polymersomes. In addition, ds-DNA was found to be localized both in the nucleus and in the cytosol. The incubation of luciferase transfected B16-F10 cells with targeted polymersomes loaded with luciferase and Hsp90 expression silencing siRNAs yielded 31 and 23% knockdown in target protein expression, respectively.