gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handbook of International Law. By George Grafton Wilson. 2d ed. St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1927. Pp. xxii, 567 Index. (1927)

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Tumour-specific enhancement of thermoradiotherapy at mild temperatures by the vascular targeting agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (2004)

The effect of combining the vascular targeting agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) with both radiation and hyperthermia treatments was investigated in a transplanted C3H mouse mammary carcinoma and a normal mouse tissue. Tumours were grown on the right rear foot of female CDF1 mice and treated when sized 200 mm3. The foot skin of non-tumour-bearing CDF1 mice was used to assess normal tissue damage. Radiation and hyperthermia were given locally to the tumour/skin of restrained non-anaesthetized animals. DMXAA (20 mg/kg) was dissolved in saline and injected intraperitoneally 1 h after irradiating and then heating started 3 h later. The endpoints were local tumour control within 90 days or the development of moist desquamation in skin between 11 and 23 days after treatment. The radiation dose (+/- 95% confidence intervals) producing local tumour control in 50% of treated animals was 53 (51-55) Gy for radiation alone. This value was significantly (Chi-squared test; p < 0.05) decreased to 47 (42-52) Gy by DMXAA and to 47 (44-51) Gy by heating (41.5 degrees C/60 min) 4 h after irradiation. Combining both DMXAA and heating further reduced this to 30 (26-35) Gy. When the heating temperature was decreased to 40.5 degrees C, the effect of the triple combination was decreased but was still significant compared with radiation + DMXAA or radiation + hyperthermia. However, this enhancement disappeared at 39.5 degrees C. Radiation damage of normal foot skin was not enhanced by combining DMXAA and hyperthermia at 41.5 degrees C. In conclusion, adding DMXAA to thermoradiotherapy at 40.5-41.5 degrees C significantly improved local tumour control without enhancing normal tissue damage. Thus, including a vascular targeting agent in a mild thermoradiotherapy treatment regimen is a useful approach that may lead to a re-evaluation of the use of hyperthermia in cancer treatment.
A very efficient distributed deadlock detection mechanism for wormhole networks (2002)

Networks using wormhole switching have traditionally relied upon deadlock avoidance strategies for the design of routing algorithms. More recently, deadlock recovery strategies have begun to gain acceptance. Progressive deadlock recovery techniques are very attractive because they allocate a few dedicated resources to quickly deliver deadlocked messages, instead of killing them. However, the distributed deadlock detection techniques proposed up to now detect many false deadlocks, especially when the network is heavily loaded and messages have different lengths. As a consequence, messages detected as deadlocked may saturate the bandwidth offered by recovery resources, thus degrading performance considerably. In this paper we propose an improved distributed deadlock detection mechanism that uses only local information, detects all the deadlocks, considerably reduces the probability of false deadlock detection and is not strongly affected by variations in message length and message destination distribution.
Introduction to military training simulation: a guide for discrete event simulationists (1998)

An overview of military training simulation in the form of an introductory tutorial is provided. Basic terminology is introduced, and current trends and research focus in the military training simulation domain are described.
Quinolones from a bacterium and tyrosine metabolites from its host sponge, Suberea creba from the Coral Sea. (1998)

A marine bacterium, identified as a pseudomonad, isolated from Suberea creba Bergquist, 1995 (Porifera, Dictyoceratida, Verongida, Aplysinellidae) collected along the eastern coast of New Caledonia, gave in culture phenazine-alpha-carboxamide, 2-n-heptylquinol-4-one, 2-n-nonylquinol-4-one, 2-n-(1'E-nonenyl)quinol-4-one, 3-n-heptyl-3-hydroxyquinolin-2,4-dione, a N-oxide-2-n-heptylquinoline derivative, and a benzyldiketopiperazine. None of these products could be detected, at the HPLC-UV sensitivity level, in the sponge extracts, which contained instead (+)-aerothionin, homoaerothionin, (+)-aeroplysinin-1, dibromo-, bromochloro-, and dichloroverongiaquinol. 2-n-Heptylquinol-4-one, (+)-aeroplysinin-1, and dibromoverongiaquinol showed strong antibacterial activity in vitro. The latter also proved promising for mariculture, rivaling chloramphenicol as an antibacterial agent in cultures of Pecten maximus larvae, while being nontoxic according to the Artemia salina test.
A Modular Approach to Sustainability Assessment and Decision Support in Chemical Process Design (2010)

In chemical and allied industries, process design sustainability has gained public concern in academia, industry, government agencies, and social groups. Over the past decade, a variety of sustainability indicators have been introduced, but with various challenges in application. It becomes clear that the industries need urgently practical tools for conducting systematic sustainability assessment on existing processes and/or new designs and, further, for helping derive the most desirable design decisions. This paper presents a systematic, general approach for sustainability assessment and design selection through integrating hard (quantitative) economic and environmental indicators along with soft (qualitative) indicators for social criteria into design activities. The approach contains four modules: a process simulator module, an equipment and inventory acquisition module, a sustainability assessment module, and a decision support module. The modules fully utilize and extend the capabilities of the process simulator Aspen Plus, Aspen Simulation Workbook, and a spreadsheet, where case model development, data acquisition and analysis, team contribution assessment, and decision support are effectively integrated. The efficacy of the introduced approach is illustrated by the example of biodiesel process design, where insightful sustainability analysis and persuasive decision support show its superiority over commonly practiced technoeconomy evaluation approaches.
Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics And Optical Computing (1989)

This paper describes various nonlinear optical phenomena in photorefractive media and selected applications in optical computing. These phenomena include optical phase conjugation, two- and four-wave mixing, and real-time holography. The applications include image amplification and subtraction, logic and matrix operations, and optical interconnection.
Plasma oxidation of SO2 (1990)

We report the results of an experimental investigation of plasma-assisted oxidation of SO2 to SO3. A coaxial dielectric-barrier discharge is used to generate atomic oxygen to carry out the reaction. The dielectric-barrier discharge, which is an interrupted discharge, is very efficient in producing atomic oxygen and requires a simple form of excitation. We have observed a significant reduction (up to 90%) in the SO2 concentration using this technique. The results of varying the gas composition, the gas pressure, and the gas flow are also reported.
Automatic tag generation and ranking for sensor-rich outdoor videos (2011)

Video tag annotations have become a useful and powerful feature to facilitate video search in many social media and web applications. The majority of tags assigned to videos are supplied by users - a task which is time consuming and may result in annotations that are subjective and lack precision. A number of studies have utilized content-based extraction techniques to automate tag generation. However, these methods are compute-intensive and challenging to apply across domains. Here, we describe a complementary approach for generating tags based on the geographic properties of videos. With today's sensor-equipped smartphones, the location and orientation of a camera can be continuously acquired in conjunction with the captured video stream. Our novel technique utilizes these sensor meta-data to automatically tag outdoor videos in a two step process. First, we model the viewable scenes of the video as geometric shapes by means of its accompanied sensor data and determine the geographic objects that are visible in the video by querying geo-information databases through the viewable scene descriptions. Subsequently we extract textual information about the visible objects to serve as tags. Second, we define six criteria to score the tag relevance and rank the obtained tags based on these scores. Then we associate the tags with the video and the accurately delimited segments of the video. To evaluate the proposed technique we implemented a prototype tag generator and conducted a user study. The results demonstrate significant benefits of our method in terms of automation and tag utility.
Estradiol supports <i>in vitro</i> development of bovine early antral follicles (2012)

Antrum formation and estradiol (E(2)) secretion are specific features of oocyte and granulosa cell complexes (OGCs). This study investigates the effect of E(2) on the in vitro development of bovine OGCs derived from early antral follicles as well as on the expression of genes in granulosa cells (GCs). The supplementation of culture medium with either E(2) or androstenedione (A(4)) improved the in vitro development of OGCs and the nuclear maturation of enclosed oocytes. When OGCs were cultured in medium containing A(4), developmentally competent OGCs secreted more E(2) than OGCs that were not competent. In addition, fulvestrant inhibited the effect of both E(2) and A(4) on OGCs development. Comprehensive gene expression analysis using next-generation sequence technology was conducted for the following three types of GCs: i) GCs of OGCs cultured for 4 days with E(2) (1 μg/ml; E(2)(+)), ii) GCs of OGCs cultured for 4 days without E(2) (E(2)(-)) or iii) OGCs that formed clear antrum after 8 days of in vitro culture in medium containing E(2) (1 μg/ml; AF group). GCs of the E(2)(+) group had a similar gene expression profile to the profile reported previously for the in vivo development of large follicles. This genetic profile included factors implicated in the up-regulation of E(2) biosynthesis and down-regulation of cytoskeleton and extracellular matrices. In addition, a novel gene expression profile was found in the AF group. In conclusion, E(2) impacts the gene expression profile of GCs to support the in vitro development of OGCs.
An Adaptable Application Offloading Scheme Based on Application Behavior (2008)

The advancement of personal devices such as PDAs and mobile phones become ubiquitous and their increasing computing capabilities allow users to perform tasks that used to be performed on workstations. However, we cannot expect to run all tasks on top of personal devices because of the limited resources. Application offloading allow us to overcome this issue by porting part of an application to a nearby server or workstation with more capabilities. In this paper we present a new application offloading mechanism to perform offloading based on the execution history of applications, and adaptable to the current conditions of the environment and device. We record the consumed resources and the state of the device and surrogates, and we use that information to perform an adaptable offloading. We show that our scheme can prevent the overhead of profiling and also reduce the execution time of an application against pure runtime offloading.
An Optimization Model for the Simultaneous Operational Flight and Pilot Scheduling Problem (2001)

This paper describes and solves the operational pilot scheduling problem for one day of operations. The problem consists in simultaneously modifying, as necessary, the existing flight departure schedules and planned individual work days (duties) while keeping planned aircraft itineraries unchanged. It requires the covering of all flights from one day of operations with available pilots while minimizing changes in both the flight schedule and the next day's planned duties. The newly constructed personalized duties must not exceed the maximum duty duration. Flight precedence constraints, coming from existing fixed aircraft itineraries, must be respected as well. The problem is mathematically formulated as an integer nonlinear multicommodity network flow model with time windows and additional constraints. To solve the problem, a Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition combined with a branch-and-bound method has been used. The master problem comprises the flight-covering constraints and a new set of flight precedence constraints. Subproblems consisting of time-constrained shortest-path problems with linear time costs are solved by a specialized dynamic-programming algorithm. The proposed optimization approach has been tested on several input data sets. All of them have been successfully solved in very short computational time.
Enhanced transdermal bioavailability of testosterone propionate via surfactant-modified ethosomes (2013)

The current investigation aimed to evaluate the transdermal potential of novel testosterone propionate (TP) ethosomes and liposomes prepared by surfactant modification. The effect of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and cremophor EL-35 on the particle size and zeta potential of the prepared vesicles was investigated. The entrapment efficiency and stability, as well as in vitro and in vivo skin permeation, were studied with the various techniques, such as differential scanning calorimetry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and so on. The results indicated that the ethosomes were defined as spherical, unilamellar structures with low polydispersity (0.100 ± 0.015) and nanometric size (156.5 ± 3.5 nm). The entrapment efficiency of TP in ethosomal and liposomal carriers was 92.7% ± 3.7% and 64.7% ± 2.1%, respectively. The stability profile of the prepared TP ethosomal system assessed for 120 days revealed very low aggregation and very low growth in vesicular size. TP ethosomes also provided an enhanced transdermal flux of 37.85 ± 2.8 μg/cm(2)/hour and a decreased lag time of 0.18 hours across mouse skin. The skin permeation efficiency of the TP ethosomes as further assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed enhanced permeation of rhodamine red-loaded formulations to the deeper layers of the skin (260 μm) than that of the liposomal formation (120 μm).
Impact of compressed natural gas fueled buses on street pavements (1999)

Federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) and the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), together with other state regulations have encouraged or mandated transit systems to use alternative fuels to power bus fleets. Among such fuels, compressed natural gas (CNG) is attractive, although it must be stored in robust, heavy pressurized cylinders, capable of withstanding pressures up to 5,000 psi. Such systems are typically heavier than conventional diesel storage tanks. As a result, this raises gross vehicle weight, sometimes significantly, which then increases the consumption of the pavement over which CNG buses operate. Capital Metro, the Austin, Texas transit authority, is currently evaluating a number of CNG fueled buses. As part of the U.S. DOT Region Six University Transportation Centers Program (UTCP), a study was instigated into the scale of incremental pavement consumption associated with the operation of these buses. The study suggests that replacing current vehicles with CNG powered models utilizing aluminum storage tanks would raise average network equivalent single rehabilitation costs across the network of over four percent. Finally, it recommends that full cost study be undertaken with evaluation of the adoption of alternative bus fuels - which includes pavement and environmental impacts.
Evaluation of ethanolysis with immobilized <i>Candida antarctica</i> lipase for regiospecific analysis of triacylglycerols containing highly unsaturated fatty acids (2006)

Abstract The suitability of a recently proposed method based on ethanolysis with immobilized Candida antarctica lipase for regiospecific analysis of oils containing long‐chain PUFA such as [PA and DHA has been evaluated using selected marine oils and regio‐isomerically enriched synthetic TAG substrates. 1,3‐Regios‐electivity of the lipase was enhanced when the ethanolysis was conducted in a high excess of ethanol, typically 10–50 times by weight of the oil. This enabled the reaction to be conducted on a milligram scale. However, irrespective of the ethanol‐to‐oil ratio, C. antarctica lipase released FA from TAG at different rates depending on the degree of unsaturation and/or chain length of the FA. Differences in lipolysis rates were particularly significant for EPA and DHA, with EPA released faster than DHA. Although DHA can be measured with reasonable accuracy by ethanolysis with C. antarctica , the method requires further optimization before it can be adopted for reliable regiospecific analyses that are as accurate as those obtainable by 13 C NMR analysis for all major FA occurring in oils rich in long‐chain PUFA.
Differential processing of colony-stimulating factor 1 precursors encoded by two human cDNAs. (1988)

The biosynthesis of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) was examined in mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts transfected with a retroviral vector expressing the 554-amino-acid product of a human 4-kilobase (kb) CSF-1 cDNA. Similar to results previously obtained with a 1.6-kb human cDNA that codes for a 256-amino-acid CSF-1 precursor, the results of the present study showed that NIH-3T3 cells expressing the product of the 4-kb clone produced biologically active human CSF-1 and were transformed by an autocrine mechanism when cotransfected with a vector containing a human c-fms (CSF-1 receptor) cDNA. The 4-kb CSF-1 cDNA product was synthesized as an integral transmembrane glycoprotein that was assembled into disulfide-linked dimers and rapidly underwent proteolytic cleavage to generate a soluble growth factor. Although the smaller CSF-1 precursor specified by the 1.6-kb human cDNA was stably expressed as a membrane-bound glycoprotein at the cell surface and was slowly cleaved to release the extracellular growth factor, the cell-associated product of the 4-kb clone was efficiently processed to the secreted form and was not detected on the plasma membrane. Digestion with glycosidic enzymes indicated that soluble CSF-1 encoded by the 4-kb cDNA contained both asparagine(N)-linked and O-linked carbohydrate chains, whereas the product of the 1.6-kb clone had only N-linked oligosaccharides. Removal of the carbohydrate indicated that the polypeptide chain of the secreted 4-kb cDNA product was longer than that of the corresponding form encoded by the smaller clone. These differences in posttranslational processing may reflect diverse physiological roles for the products of the two CSF-1 precursors in vivo.
Electrodeposition of nickel-molybdenum nanoparticles for their use as electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (2010)

Nickel-Molybdenum nanoparticles are produced using current pulses to electrodeposit alloys from a NiSO4, Na2MoO4 and Na3C6H5O7 electrolytic bath. Glassy carbon discs of 1mm and 2.5mm diameter and carbon felt are used as working electrodes. The electrocatalytic activity of the deposits for Hydrogen Evolution reaction (HER) was evaluated from measurements of the currents obtained when performing cyclic voltammetry experiments on a 0.72 M H2SO4 electrolyte. From Tafel plots a Volmer Heyrovsky mechanism can be in- ferred. The deposits on glassy carbon electrodes were inspected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealing particles with diameters between 25 to 120 nm. SEM was used to confirm the electrodeposition of NiMo on carbon felt fibers. At high current density pulses deposits with good catalytic properties for HER are obtained.
Understanding the Sensor Response of Metal-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

We have explored the room temperature response of metal nanoparticle decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes (NP-SWNTs) using a combination of electrical transport, optical spectroscopy, and electronic structure calculations. We have found that upon the electrochemical growth of Au NPs on SWNTs, there is a transfer of electron density from the SWNT to the NP species, and that adsorption of CO molecules on the NP surface is accompanied by transfer of electronic density back into the SWNT. Moreover, the electronic structure calculations indicate dramatic variations in the charge density at the NP-SWNT interface, which supports our previous observation that interfacial potential barriers dominate the electrical behavior of NP-SWNT systems.
Hematology And Serum Chemistries Of Captive-Raised Female Panther Chameleons, Chamaeleo pardalis, With Hepatocellular Lipidosis (1996)

Summary Hematologic and selected serum chemistry values were determined for 12 female panther chameleons, Chamaeleo pardalis , all of which were diagnosed with mild to severe hepatocellular lipidosis. Most values were within the normal ranges reported for other reptiles. Serum glucose, bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were high compared to other reptiles.
Multiobjective Stochastic Fractional Goal Programming Model for Water Resources Optimal Allocation among Industries (2016)

This paper developed a multiobjective stochastic fractional goal programming (MOSFGP) model for optimal water resources allocation among industries based on analyses of water resources quantity, quality, and uncertainty. The model integrated chance constrained programming, fractional programming, and multiobjective goal programming. The developed model was then applied in a real-world case study. The developed MOSFGP has the following advantages: (1) the model deals with economic and social objectives simultaneously, thus reflecting the actual situation more realistically; (2) the model in fractional form can determine water resources use efficiency directly; (3) water quantity and water quality are coupled in the model; and (4) the model can generate different optimal schemes under different risk probabilities. Based on the results of the MOSFGP model, decision makers could use water resources efficiently and obtain higher economic and social benefits. The model is also of great significance to industrial structure optimization, which means adjusting the industrial structures on the basis of optimal water resources allocation schemes to achieve the goal of economic planning and sustainable development.
Saran charcoals. Part 1.—Activation and adsorption studies (1955)

R. V. Culver and N. S. Heath, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1955, 51, 1569 DOI: 10.1039/TF9555101569
Eukaryotic selenocysteine tRNA has the 9/4 secondary structure (2000)

There are two secondary structure models for the eukaryotic selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA(Sec). One model, the 9/4 structure, was experimentally tested and possesses acceptor and T-stems with 9 and 4 bp, respectively [Sturchler et al., 1993; Hubert et al., 1998]. The other one, the 7/5 secondary structure with a bulge in the T-stem, was derived from theoretical calculation [Ioudovitch and Steinberg, 19991. In this report, we show more experimental results supporting the 9/4 secondary structure. Several tRNA(Sec) mutants, whose secondary structure can adopt only the 9/4 structure, were active for serylation and selenylation. Some mutants that cannot base-pair between positions 26 and 44 to provide the 6 bp anticodon stem were still active, inconsistent with the model by Steinberg. We also show that the orientation of the V-arm directly or indirectly influences the selenylation activity, and that the rigid 6 bp D-stem is important. Finally, we conclude that all tRNA(Sec) possess the 13 bp domain II made by the stacking of the colinear AA and T-stems, whether they present the 9/4 structure in Eukarya and Archaea or the 8/5 structure in bacteria.