gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An 880 MHz ladder filter formed by arrays of laterally vibrating thin film Lithium Niobate resonators (2014)

This paper reports on the first implementation of a ladder filter using Lithium Niobate based laterally vibrating resonator arrays. This demonstration is made possible by optimizing the device design parameters and using a distributed configuration of resonator arrays to simultaneously reduce spurious vibrations and insertion loss in a low impedance RF system. The designed distributed ladder filter, with a chip footprint of 0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , consists of 37 resonators that are divided into 3 series and 2 shunt resonator arrays. The fabricated ladder filter based on LN LVRs showed an insertion loss of 3.5 dB and fractional bandwidth of 2.2%.
Microcomputer‐based expert systems: where we are, where we are headed (1985)

Abstract: While the idea of developing ‘true’ expert systems in the current microcomputer environment continues to be a subject of derision among serious AI researchers, undaunted developers and designers of microcomputer‐based systems continue to make progress on the personal computer front. This article presents an overview of the current state of expert systems in a microcomputer environment and then offers some prognostications about the near‐term future of expert systems on desktop and personal computers. It is suggested that the history of software developments on the small computers indicates that a pattern of growth exists. If this same pattern is applied to expert systems, the author contends, the near‐term future of micro‐based knowledge‐based systems is at least forecastable if not predictable.
Cold-induced cholinergic urticaria--case report. (1989)

A 9-year-old child with cold-induced cholinergic urticaria was studied. When exposed to cold water or ambient cold air, the patient developed generalized urticaria. The lesions consisted of punctate wheals and surrounding erythema similar to that seen in cholinergic urticaria. The patient did not react to cutaneous challenge with an ice cube and a cold water immersion test was negative. Urticaria was not provoked by vigorous exercise sufficient to cause profuse sweating. The methacholine skin test was reactive. The patient was well controlled by combination therapy with hydroxyzine plus cyproheptadine.
Targeting Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) Levels and S1P Receptor Functions for Therapeutic Immune Interventions (2010)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important regulator of many different immune functions including lymphocyte circulation, antigen presentation, and T cell development. It stimulates five G protein-coupled receptors designated S1P(1-5), which are also expressed by immune cells. S1P receptors couple to different heterotrimeric G proteins including G alpha i, q, and 12/13, and elicit cellular signalling events by activating the small GTPases Rac and Rho and protein kinases Akt, ERK, and JNK, and by inducing cellular calcium flux and inhibiting cAMP accumulation, amongst others. S1P is the exit signal for lymphocytes leaving lymphoid organs and present in blood and lymph at high nanomolar concentrations due to the S1P-producing activity of sphingosine kinases (SK). The S1P-degrading enzyme S1P-lyase maintains low amounts of S1P in lymphoid organs. Disrupting this concentration difference by S1P receptor agonists and antagonists like FTY720, SEW2871, and VPC23019, by an anti-S1P antibody, or by inhibiting the S1P-lyase has therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis and for many other disorders like cancer, fibrosis, inflammation, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. This report aims to provide a brief overview of concepts, approaches, pharmaceutical compounds, and targets that are currently used to modulate S1P-driven immune functions.
Extracellular action of adenosine and the antagonism by aminophylline on the atrioventricular conduction of isolated perfused guinea pig and rat hearts. (1982)

Adenosine is known to cause atrioventricular block by slowing conduction through the atrioventricular node, thereby lengthening the atria to His (A-H) interval. To test the hypothesis that the increase in atrioventricular conduction delay produced by adenosine is mediated at an extracellular site, the efficacy of nucleoside transport inhibitors in preventing cellular adenosine uptake was correlated with their ability to potentiate the atrioventricular block and prolong the A-H interval. The antagonism of aminophylline and adenosine also was examined. Since methylxanthines are known to inhibit cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, to release catecholamines from nerve terminals, and to block adenosine receptors, it was determined whether the ability of aminophylline to reverse the adenosine-induced prolongation of the atrial-His interval and atrioventricular block was associated with an increase in myocardial cyclic AMP and/or release of norepinephrine. The atrial-His conduction time and adenosine uptake and release were determined in isolated perfused guinea pig and rat hearts. The nucleoside transport inhibitors dipyridamole, nitrobenzylthioinosine, and diazepam caused a dose-dependent decrease in the uptake of 14 Cadenosine. Nitrobenzylthioinosine was the most and diazepam the least effective in blocking adenosine uptake. Dipyridamole (5 X 10~6 M) inhibited uptake by 97% and increased adenosine levels in the perfusate. These effects were strongly correlated with a potentiation of adenosineinduced atrial-His prolongation (r = 0.99). The oligonucleotide, adenyl (3'-5')9-adenosine, an agent restricted to the extracellular space as a result of its large molecular size, was found to be 1.8 times more potent per mole than free adenosine. 2'-Deoxyadenosine and N 6 -methyladenosine, respectively, were found to have either no effect or an effect similar to that of free adenosine on the atrial-His interval. Aminophylline (1 X 1CT 5 to 3 X 10~5 M) in the presence or absence of propranolol antagonized in a dose-dependent and competitive manner the prolongation of the atrial-His interval and atrioventricular block caused by adenosine. In concentrations up to 10~4 M, aminophylline did not cause any accumulation of myocardial cyclic AMP, nor did it increase the release of norepinephrine. We conclude (1) that the effect of adenosine on atrioventricular conduction results from binding to an extracellular receptor that resembles the R site described for other actions of adenosine in different tissues, and (2) that the reversal of adenosine-induced increases in atrioventricular conduction delay by aminophylline is not due to phosphodiesterase inhibition and/or release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals. (
Template Mining for Information Extraction from Digital Documents. (1999)

WITH THE RAPID GROWTH OF DIGITAL INFORMATION RESOURCES, information extraction (1E)-the process of automatically extracting information from natural language texts-is becoming more important. A number of IE systems, particularly in the areas of news/fact retrieval and in domain-specific areas, such as in chemical and patent information retrieval, have been developed in the recent past using the template mining approach that involves a natural language processing (NLP) technique to extract data directly from text if either the data and/or text surrounding the data form recognizable patterns. When text matches a template, the system extracts data according to the instructions associated with that template. This article briefly reviews template mining research. It also shows how templates are used in Web search engines-such as Alta Vista-and in meta-search engines-such as Ask Jeeves-for helping end-users generate natural language search expressions. Some potential areas of application of template mining for extraction of different kinds of information from digital documents are highlighted, and how such applications are used are indicated. It is suggested that, in order to facilitate template mining, standardization in the presentation. and layout of information within digital documents has to be ensured, and this can be done by generating various templates that authors can easily download and use while preparing digital documents.
[Assay of 2-phenylbutyric acid in plasma with gas and liquid chromatography]. (1983)

Two chromatographic methods which allow the measurement of 2-phenylbutyric acid in serum are described: a gas chromatographic, after silylation, and a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic. The liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detection, after derivatization by 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin, is ten times more sensitive than gas chromatography and 50 ng/ml can be measured in biological liquids.
Molecular analysis of the neutral trehalase gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1993)

Neutral trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) is a trehalose hydrolyzing enzyme of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (App, H., and Holzer, H. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 17583-17588). The gene of neutral trehalase was cloned by complementation of a neutral trehalase-deficient yeast mutant which was obtained by ethylmethanesulfonate mutagenesis. Three mutants without detectable neutral trehalase activity were obtained and characterized by tetrad analysis and found to belong to the same complementation group. The mutants were transformed with a S. cerevisiae genomic library in YEp24. Two overlapping plasmids were isolated, containing the neutral trehalase gene NTH1 with an open reading frame of 2079 base pairs (bp), encoding a protein of 693 amino acids, corresponding to a molecular mass of 79,569 Da. Several putative TATA boxes were found in the 5'-nontranslated region of the NTH1 gene. In positions -652 to -641 a possible binding sequence for the MIG1 protein, a multicopy inhibitor of the GAL1 promotor, which also binds to the promotor sequences of the SUC2 and the FBP1 gene, was found. The start codon of the neutral trehalase is located about 2500 bp upstream of the centromere 4 consensus sequence elements I, II, and III (Mann, C., and Davis, R. W. (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 241-245). Vicinity to a centromere is known to have a depressing influence on the number of plasmid copies per cell. This probably explains why transformation with pNTH does not lead to overexpression of neutral trehalase. The four consensus sequences AATAAA contained in the centromeric elements and reconfirmed by our sequencing data might be polyadenylation signals for NTH1-mRNA transcription termination. Northern blot analysis yielded a single mRNA species of approximately 2.3 kilobase(s). The neutral trehalase protein has a putative cAMP-dependent phosphorylation consensus sequence RRGS from amino acid positions 22-25. Therefore, the previously described activation of neutral trehalase by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation is probably due to phosphorylation of serine 25. Three potential N-glycosylation sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) occur in the open reading frame of the neutral trehalase gene. However, no evidence for glycosylation could be detected by Western blotting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Continuous Low-Temperature Discharge Treatment of Wool Yarn A Process for Making Wool Yarn Oil Repellent and Shrink Resistant (1972)

A continuous discharge process has been developed to make wool yarn shrink resistant and oil repellent. A commer cially available fluorocarbon monomer was adsorbed on wool yarn and permanently grafted to the yarn by exposure to a low temperature discharge. Yarn was obtained with less than one percent fluorocarbon add-on after extensive extrac tion with a solvent in which the monomer and homopolymer are soluble. Yarn with high levels of oil repellency and fabrics with area shrinkage between 5% and 10% was obtained. The effect of process variables such as discharge power and concentration of adsorbed fluorocarbon were studied. X-ray photoetectron spectroscopy was used to detect the fluorocarbon graft on the yarn and to estimate the change in the concentration of the fluorocarbon graft on the yarn after solvent extraction and laundry tests.
Zen: An Energy-Efficient High-Performance $\times $ 86 Core (2017)

AMD's next-generation, high-performance, energy-efficient ×86 core, Zen, targets server, desktop, and mobile client applications with a 52% instructions per clock cycle (IPC) uplift over the previous generation. The increase in IPC complements a 15% process neutral reduction in CAC (switching capacitance). Performance and energy efficiency are further improved with various circuit techniques including write wordline boost, contention-free dynamic logic, supply droop detection with mitigation, a per-core frequency synthesizer, and a per-core integrated linear voltage regulator. Utilizing a 14 nm FinFET process, the Zen core complex unit consists of a shared 8 MB L3 cache and four cores.
Channeling in Diamond-Type and Zinc-Blende Lattices: Comparative Effects in Channeling of Protons and Deuterons in Ge, GaAs, and Si (1968)

KEFFERdamping) to conservation of angular momentum, and the assumption of the initial orientation of the nuclear spins.The presence of dissipation only makes it "more impossible" to obtain an instability.Further because the solutions decay, there is no average power absorption.Case (c) This goes through exactly as the problem considered in Sec.II, with the same conclusion.Cases (d) arid (el: These go through exactly as Case (h) and with the same conclusion.Thus summarizing, pumping is possible for A large and positive, regardless of the sign of y", or for ~A small and y")0.""We are indebted to Dr. E. Schlomann for pointing out this possibility (private communication) .
A field-deployable digital acoustic measurement system (1991)

A field deployable digital acoustic measurement system was developed to support acoustic research programs at the Langley Research Center. The system digitizes the acoustic inputs at the microphone, which can be located up to 1000 feet from the van which houses the acquisition, storage, and analysis equipment. Digitized data from up to 12 microphones is recorded on high density 8mm tape and is analyzed post-test by a microcomputer system. Synchronous and nonsynchronous sampling is available with maximum sample rates of 12,500 and 40,000 samples per second respectively. The high density tape storage system is capable of storing 5 gigabytes of data at transfer rates up to 1 megabyte per second. System overall dynamic range exceeds 83 dB.
A compact Class D RF power amplifier for mobile nuclear magnetic resonance systems (2017)

A 20 MHz Class D amplifier with an output of 100 W of RF power has been developed. The compact size printed circuit board area of 50 cm<sup>2</sup> and efficiency of 73% make it suitable for mobile nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems. Test results show that the rise and ring down times of the amplifier are less than 0.2 μs, and it is capable of producing constant amplitude pulses as short as 2 μs. Experiments using a Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill pulse sequence with a NMR MOUSE sensor confirm that the Class D amplifier is suitable for mobile NMR applications.
Near-infrared emission of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>-doped garnets: Lifetimes, quantum efficiencies, and emission cross sections (1995)

The lifetimes of the excited state of the tetrahedrally coordinated ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{4+}$ ion in several garnets were measured in the temperature range between 15 and 380 K. Both the nonradiative and radiative transition rates increase with temperature due to the coupling of phonons to the electronic states. This temperature dependence is described with the model of Struck and Fonger for the nonradiative decay rate and with the coth law for the radiative decay process. It is shown that even at low temperatures the nonradiative transition rate is larger than the radiative rate. With these data the quantum efficiencies are calculated to be between 8% and 33% at room temperature for the investigated crystals. The cross sections for the emission of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{4+}$ ion in the garnets are determined using the theory of McCumber. The ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{em}}$\ensuremath{\tau} product is highest for ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{4+}$:${\mathrm{Lu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{5}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$, ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{4+}$:${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{5}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$, and for ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{4+}$:${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sc}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{5\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ crystals with low scandium content. Therefore, these crystals are most promising as tunable room-temperature lasers. A method for the calorimetric measurement of the quantum efficiency of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{4+}$ emission in yttrium aluminum garnet is also presented.
Use of 2D U-Net Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Cartilage and Meniscus Segmentation of Knee MR Imaging Data to Determine Relaxometry and Morphometry (2018)

Purpose To analyze how automatic segmentation translates in accuracy and precision to morphology and relaxometry compared with manual segmentation and increases the speed and accuracy of the work flow that uses quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to study knee degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and Methods This retrospective study involved the analysis of 638 MR imaging volumes from two data cohorts acquired at 3.0 T: (a) spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state T1<sub>ρ</sub>-weighted images and (b) three-dimensional (3D) double-echo steady-state (DESS) images. A deep learning model based on the U-Net convolutional network architecture was developed to perform automatic segmentation. Cartilage and meniscus compartments were manually segmented by skilled technicians and radiologists for comparison. Performance of the automatic segmentation was evaluated on Dice coefficient overlap with the manual segmentation, as well as by the automatic segmentations' ability to quantify, in a longitudinally repeatable way, relaxometry and morphology. Results The models produced strong Dice coefficients, particularly for 3D-DESS images, ranging between 0.770 and 0.878 in the cartilage compartments to 0.809 and 0.753 for the lateral meniscus and medial meniscus, respectively. The models averaged 5 seconds to generate the automatic segmentations. Average correlations between manual and automatic quantification of T1<sub>ρ</sub> and T2 values were 0.8233 and 0.8603, respectively, and 0.9349 and 0.9384 for volume and thickness, respectively. Longitudinal precision of the automatic method was comparable with that of the manual one. Conclusion U-Net demonstrates efficacy and precision in quickly generating accurate segmentations that can be used to extract relaxation times and morphologic characterization and values that can be used in the monitoring and diagnosis of OA. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Vannotea: A collaborative video indexing, annotation and discussion system for broadband networks (2003)

A number of research groups and software companies have developed digital annotation tools for textual documents, web pages, images, audio and video resources. By annotations we mean subjective comments, notes, explanations or external remarks that can be attached to a document or a selected part of a document without actually modifying the document. When a user retrieves a document, they can also download the annotations attached to it from an annotation server to view their peer’s opinions and perspectives on the particular document or to add, edit or update their own annotations. The ability to do this collaboratively and in real time during group discussions is of great interest to the educational, medical, scientific, cultural, defense and media communities. But it is extremely challenging technically and demands significant bandwidth, particularly for video documents. In this paper we describe a unique prototype application developed over the Australian GrangeNet broadband research network, which combines videoconferencing over access grid nodes with collaborative, real-time sharing of an application which enables the indexing, browsing, annotation and discussion of video content between multiple groups at remote locations.
Synthesis and Reaction of the First Oxazol-4-ylboronates: Useful Reagents for the Preparation of the Oxazole-Containing Biaryl Compounds (2006)

The first oxazol-4-ylboronates were prepared from the corresponding 4-bromo- and 4-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-oxazoles. The Suzuki coupling using the resulting boron reagents with various aryl halides, including benzene, pyridine, oxazole and thiazole rings, in the presence of palladium catalyst proceeded to produce the oxazole-containing biaryl compounds in moderate to good yields.
Lymphocyte subpopulation reference ranges for monitoring human immunodeficiency virus-infected Chinese adults (1996)

Two hundred eight healthy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1- and HIV type 2-seronegative Chinese adults (78 males and 130 females; mean age, 32 years; age range, 18 to 71 years) were analyzed for lymphocyte subsets by a standardized and quality-controlled flow cytometric immunophenotyping technique. While the leukocyte differential values were comparable to those found in studies of Caucasians, the means, medians, and 95% reference ranges of lymphocyte subsets were very different. The 95% reference ranges in absolute counts per microliter of whole blood (percentage of lymphocytes) for CD3+, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+, CD3- CD19+ (B), and CD3- with CD16+ and/or CD56+ (NK) cells were 672 to 2,368 (54.8 to 83.0%), 292 to 1,366 (23.1 to 51.0%), 240 to 1,028 (17.9 to 47.5%), 82 to 560 (5.1 to 20.8%), and 130 to 938 (7.1 to 38.0%), respectively. CD3+ CD4+ cells showed significant sex difference (for males, mean of 702 [34.8%] and standard deviation of 258 [7.5%]; for females, mean of 728 [37.3%] and standard deviation of 254 [7.4%]) as well as an increase with age of 42 (1.6%) per decade. Investigations of the NK cell population did not show similar findings. Classification of HIV disease, treatment, and prophylactic regimens based on studies which relied heavily on estimations of lymphocyte subsets alone should be used with special caution for Chinese patients. Provided that adequate quality control measures are taken to ensure comparability of data, we recommend that these ranges be used on a day-to-day basis in laboratories that have not yet established their own reference ranges.