gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Gene Expression Signatures for Maize Development   (2010)

Genome-wide expression signatures detect specific perturbations in developmental programs and contribute to functional resolution of key regulatory networks. In maize (Zea mays) inflorescences, mutations in the RAMOSA (RA) genes affect the determinacy of axillary meristems and thus alter branching patterns, an important agronomic trait. In this work, we developed and tested a framework for analysis of tag-based, digital gene expression profiles using Illumina's high-throughput sequencing technology and the newly assembled B73 maize reference genome. We also used a mutation in the RA3 gene to identify putative expression signatures specific to stem cell fate in axillary meristem determinacy. The RA3 gene encodes a trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase and may act at the interface between developmental and metabolic processes. Deep sequencing of digital gene expression libraries, representing three biological replicate ear samples from wild-type and ra3 plants, generated 27 million 20- to 21-nucleotide reads with frequencies spanning 4 orders of magnitude. Unique sequence tags were anchored to 3'-ends of individual transcripts by DpnII and NlaIII digests, which were multiplexed during sequencing. We mapped 86% of nonredundant signature tags to the maize genome, which associated with 37,117 gene models and unannotated regions of expression. In total, 66% of genes were detected by at least nine reads in immature maize ears. We used comparative genomics to leverage existing information from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) in functional analyses of differentially expressed maize genes. Results from this study provide a basis for the analysis of short-read expression data in maize and resolved specific expression signatures that will help define mechanisms of action for the RA3 gene.
Powder Mixing (2001)

The factors affecting powder mixing are reviewed. Methods of analyzing a random mix are discussed (indices, the Poisson distribution, and analyses of variance [ANOVA]). The influence of particle size, shape, and density are described, along with scale of scrutiny and sampling. Segregation and agglomeration are major problems in powder mixing, and their prevention and minimization are therefore paramount. Ordered mixing reduces segregation, but also introduces other problems. Regulating the particle size of the drug and altering particle shape minimizes segregation and agglomeration.
NT/Windows 2000 user profile issues (2001)

This document explains NT roaming profile issues experienced on public PC's at Bethel College & Seminary. Issues explained include slow login times (5+ minutes), profile corruption, and lost files. It also explains the NT logon and logoff process. This document is for user services and support staff to come up with a plan to help users overcome these issues.
Crystallization (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystallizationC. S. Grove Jr. and J. B. GrayCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 1, 11–13Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50457a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50457a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The making of a Global Grid - Remembering my escape from flatland (2016)

Quaternary Triangular Mesh (QTM) is a spherical subdivision scheme for encoding vector geodata across a planet as recursive triangular subdivisions of an octahedron. This model of location and its hierarchical coordinate system evolved from experiments with a hierarchical raster data structure for encoding terrain relief named DEPTH (Delta Encoded Polynomial Terrain Hierarchy). This 2D pyramid- type structure encoded attributes (surface elevations) explicitly and locations (grid cell indices) implicitly. The paper describes how DEPTH evolved into QTM through a global discrete data grid called Geodesic Elevation Model (GEM), which more resembled QTM than a raster model. It used DEPTH to encode surface elevations in a forest of geodesic triangular quadtrees instead of in a planar rectangular quadtree. All three models were designed to make limitations of data accuracy and scale explicit. DEPTH and GEM capture elevations as ranges of values that decrease as the structure densifies, and perform limited interpolation. QTM captures vector data by encoding spherical 2D locations to the extent that their positional accuracy, certainty, or precision warrant, but did not use DEPTH. This paper is a memoir that summarizes the thinking that went into these data models and explores how properties and deficiencies of one led to the other. It does not present any breakthroughs or new applications. Rather, it documents inventions that influenced subsequent developments of discrete global grids, and might still do so.
Down‐regulation of <i>insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐5</i> (<i>IGFBP‐5</i>): Novel marker for cervical carcinogenesis (2007)

To better understand the underlying pathways of cervical carcinogenesis, cDNA microarray analysis was performed on 2 sets of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and their adjacent normal squamous epithelia. Consistently altered expression was detected for 32 genes. Real-time RT-PCR analysis was conducted on a selected subset of these genes (S100A2, GPC4, p72, IGFBP-5, TRIM2 and NAB2) for 14 additional SCCs and 10 normal epithelia. This found that, of the 6 candidate genes, only the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) mRNA was generally and significantly under-expressed in SCCs (p < 0.001). All normal cervical epithelia (30 of 30) stained positively for IGFBP-5 protein, with 70% showing strong staining, whereas 65% (17/26) of SCC had complete loss of IGFBP-5, and only 8% (2/26) SCC retained strong expression (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry of premalignant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions shows a significantly weaker or negative staining in advanced CIN3 lesions compared with normal squamous epithelia (p = 0.001). This is the first study to show that down-regulation of IGFBP-5 protein correlates with cervical carcinogenesis and does so at a preneoplastic stage.
Exponential dilution chambers for scale expansion in flow injection analysis (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExponential dilution chambers for scale expansion in flow injection analysisKent K. Stewart and A. Gregory. RosenfeldCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 13, 2368–2372Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00250a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00250a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked chitosan films (2007)

Abstract Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) crosslinked chitosan films with various PEG to chitosan ratio and PEG molecular weight were successfully prepared via the epoxy‐amine reaction between chitosan and PEG‐epoxy. The thermal and mechanical properties and swelling behavior were studied for the PEG crosslinked chitosan films. The mechanical strength of chitosan films were greatly enforced by the introduction of PEG‐epoxy, achieving an elongation of about 80%. It was found that the crosslinked chitosan films form hydrogel in water, achieving a swelling ratio higher than 20 times of original weight. The swelling behavior of chitosan films relied greatly on the molecular weight of the crosslinker PEG‐epoxy and the weight percent of PEG‐epoxy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Therapeutic targets for prevention and regression of progressive fibrosing renal diseases. (2005)

Renal fibrosis complicates most chronic renal diseases, leading to a progressive loss of function and ultimately resulting in terminal renal failure. Molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of renal fibrosis have been increasingly identified, and much progress has been made towards a better understanding of the roles of different growth factors/cytokines and regulators of matrix turnover, as well as of the interactions between renal inflammation and fibrosis. This review focuses on recent advances in the identification of novel targets, as well as the development of new therapeutic tools for use in the treatment of progressive fibrosing renal diseases. Using our growing knowledge, treatment strategies need to be identified that prevent progression more effectively, as well as inducing regression of developed renal fibrosis. This is likely by combining compounds that interfere with a variety of targets simultaneously.
Using AnsProlog with Link Grammar and WordNet for QA with deep reasoning (2005)

All in-text\treferences\tunderlined\tin\tblue\tare\tlinked\tto\tpublications\ton\tResearchGate, letting you\taccess\tand\tread\tthem\timmediately.
Fast living cationic polymerization accelerated by SnCl<sub>4</sub>. I. New base‐stabilized living system for various vinyl ethers with SnCl<sub>4</sub>/EtAlCl<sub>2</sub> (2004)

A conventional catalyst, SnCl4, for cationic polymerization, combined with EtAlCl2 and an ester as an added base, has been used to realize the fast living cationic polymerization of not only alkyl vinyl ethers but also those containing hetero atoms in the pendant. Two important features of this system are the clearly defined roles of two Lewis acids: EtAlCl2 generates initiating species quantitatively from 1-(isobutoxy)ethyl acetate [CH3CH(OiBu)OCOCH3], and SnCl4 accelerates the polymerization, which proceeds with livingness (weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight = 1.02–1.08) at a rate 103–105 greater than that with only EtAlCl2 (or Et1.5AlCl1.5). SnCl4 alone induces rapid and living-like polymerization but produces byproducts under similar reaction conditions.
Indoor Localization with Wi-Fi Fine Timing Measurements Through Range Filtering and Fingerprinting Methods (2020)

Wi-Fi technology has been thoroughly studied for indoor localization. This is mainly due to the existing infrastructure inside buildings for wireless connectivity and the uptake of mobile devices where Wi-Fi location-dependent measurements, e.g., timing and signal strength readings, are readily available to determine the user location. To enhance the accuracy of Wi-Fi solutions, a two-way ranging approach was recently introduced into the IEEE 802.11 standard for the provision of Fine Timing Measurements (FTM). Such measurements enable a more reliable estimation of the distance between FTM-capable Wi-Fi access points and user-carried devices; thus, promising to deliver meter-level location accuracy. In this work, we propose two novel solutions that leverage FTM and follow different approaches, which have not been investigated in the literature. The first solution is based on an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm to process FTM ranging measurements, while the second solution relies on an FTM fingerprinting method. Experimental results using real-life data collected in a typical office environment demonstrate the effectiveness of both solutions, while the FTM fingerprinting approach demonstrated 1.12m and 2.13m localization errors for the 67-th and 95-th percentiles, respectively. This is a two to three times improvement over the traditional Wi-Fi signal strength fingerprinting approach and the UKF ranging algorithm.
Cardiotoxicity Associated With High-Dose Cyclophosphamide Therapy (1981)

The cardiac effects of chemotherapeutic regimens using high doses of cyclophosphamide (180 mg/kg over four days) were assessed in 32 patients with hematologic malignant neoplasms. Left ventricular systolic function, determined by the fractional shortening on echocardiogram, declined substantially five to 16 days after the initiation of cyclophosphamide therapy. Although pericardial effusion on echocardiogram occurred in 33% of the patients studied, ECG voltage decreased five to 14 days after beginning cyclophosphamide therapy even in those patients without pericardial effusion. Congestive heart failure was noted in nine patients (28%) within three weeks of cyclophosphamide administration. Six of these patients (19%) died of myocardial failure. Pericardial tamponade occurred in six patients (19%), including five who died of myocardial failure. Histopathologic and electron microscopic findings showed endothelial injury and a hemorrhagic myopericarditis. Cyclophosphamide in this high dose is associated with a toxic, often fatal, pericardiomyopathy. Depression of ECG voltage and systolic left ventricular function, though common, do not necessarily predict clinical cardiac deterioration.
Accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in bovine embryos and cryotolerance of embryos developed in different culture systems using serum‐free or serum‐containing media (2001)

In this study, the quantitative fluctuation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LD) and cryotolerance were investigated in bovine embryos derived from in vitro-matured (IVM) and in vitro-fertilized (IVF) oocytes developed in different culture systems using serum-free or serum-containing media. The serum-free cultures were grown using IVMD101 medium in conjunction with bovine cumulus/granulosa cell (BCGC) cocultures or IVD101 medium without BCGC cocultures, and the serum-containing cultures were grown in the presence of BCGC cocultures using HPM199 medium supplemented with 5% calf serum (HPM199 + CS). Large numbers of sudanophilic LD were present in the cytoplasm of bovine embryos from 2-cell to hatched blastocyst stages, and the number and size differed between the embryos cultured in serum-free and serum-supplemented media. In the embryos cultured in HPM199 + CS, large (2-6 microm in diameter) sudanophilic LD increased significantly from the morula to the blastocyst stages. Throughout the embryonic development, the embryos developed in serum-free cultures with and without BCGC cocultures had numerous sudanophilic LD, but most of these droplets were small (<2 microm in diameter) and large LD were less numerous than those embryos cultured in HPM199 + CS. Giant LD (>6 microm in diameter) were frequently observed in morulae and blastocysts (including early blastocysts) developed in HPM199 + CS. Electron microscopic observations demonstrated that large LD were abundant in the cytoplasm of trophoblast and embryonic (inner cell mass) cells of blastocysts cultured in HPM199 + CS. These large LD were identified as osmophilic LD, an indication that these lipid inclusions contained a significant proportion of unsaturated lipids. Many elongated mitochondria were found in embryos developed in IVMD101 and IVD101 at the morula and early blastocyst stages, whereas many of the mitochondria in the morulae developed in HPM199 + CS were of an immature form such as spherical or ovoid shape. The survival and hatching rates of embryos (morulae, early blastocysts, and blastocysts) produced in serum-free media (both IVMD101 and IVD101) after post-thaw culture were superior to those of embryos produced in serum-containing medium. These results showed that bovine embryos cultured in serum-containing medium abnormally accumulated cytoplasmic lipids into their cytoplasm and the excess accumulation of cytoplasmic LD in embryos may affect the cryotolerance of embryos.
Training Tips for the Transformer Model (2018)

Abstract This article describes our experiments in neural machine translation using the recent Tensor2Tensor framework and the Transformer sequence-to-sequence model (Vaswani et al., 2017). We examine some of the critical parameters that affect the final translation quality, memory usage, training stability and training time, concluding each experiment with a set of recommendations for fellow researchers. In addition to confirming the general mantra “more data and larger models”, we address scaling to multiple GPUs and provide practical tips for improved training regarding batch size, learning rate, warmup steps, maximum sentence length and checkpoint averaging. We hope that our observations will allow others to get better results given their particular hardware and data constraints.
Peak oil: A retrospective - [CrossTalk] (2020)

Predictions of when we would run out of oil have been around for a century, but the idea that peak production was rapidly approaching and that it would be followed by ruinous decline gained wider acceptance thanks to the work of M. King Hubbert, an American geologist who worked for Shell in Houston.
Nucleic acid related compounds. III. Facile synthesis of 5-fluorouracil bases and nucleosides by direct fluorination (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleic acid related compounds. III. Facile synthesis of 5-fluorouracil bases and nucleosides by direct fluorinationMorris J. Robins and S. R. NaikCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 20, 5277–5278Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00749a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00749a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved adhesion of amorphous carbon thin films on glass by plasma treatment (2004)

We investigated the effects of plasma treatment on adhesion of sputter deposited amorphous carbon thin films to glass. Prior to the deposition, the glass surface was exposed under argon (Ar), oxygen (O2), or hydrogen (H2) plasma, and subsequently the films were deposited onto the glass by direct current magnetron sputtering. The adhesion strength of the film was considerably improved by the plasma treatment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that silicon–carbon bonds were formed at the interface between the films and plasma-treated glass, which were not observed for the film deposited onto the glass without plasma treatment, and that the number of silicon–carbon bonds was larger for the film having higher adhesion strength. These results indicate that the silicon–carbon bonds at the interface are a major factor governing the adhesion strength of the films to glass. Furthermore, it was also found that Ar and H2 plasma were more effective to create the silicon–carbon bonds at the interface than O2 plasma. This difference can be understood in terms of the difference in interactions between the introduced gas and dangling bonds associated with silicon formed by plasma treatment.
Face Verification base-on Hausdorff-Shape Context (2009)

This paper proposes a highly robust method for face recognition and authentication. Techniques introduced in this work are composed of two stages. Firstly, the feature of face is to be detected by the principle of Trace Transform. Then, in the second stage, the Hausdorff distance and Shape Context are employed to measure and determine of similarity between models and test images. From the experimental result of 6,325 images, the average of accuracy rate is higher than 84%.
Discovery Signal Design and Its Application to Peer-to-Peer Communications in OFDMA Cellular Networks (2012)

This paper proposes a unique discovery signal as an enabler of peer-to-peer (P2P) communication which overlays a cellular network and shares its resources. Applying P2P communication to cellular network has two key issues: 1. Conventional ad hoc P2P connections may be unstable since stringent resource and interference coordination is usually difficult to achieve for ad hoc P2P communications; 2. The large overhead required by P2P communication may offset its gain. We solve these two issues by using a special discovery signal to aid cellular network-supervised resource sharing and interference management between cellular and P2P connections. The discovery signal, which facilitates efficient neighbor discovery in a cellular system, consists of un-modulated tones transmitted on a sequence of OFDM symbols. This discovery signal not only possesses the properties of high power efficiency, high interference tolerance, and freedom from near-far effects, but also has minimal overhead. A practical discovery-signal-based P2P in an OFDMA cellular system is also proposed. Numerical results are presented which show the potential of improving local service and edge device performance in a cellular network.