gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of simulated digests of Biota orientalis and a dietary nutraceutical on interleukin-1– induced inflammatory responses in cartilage explants (2008)

Effects of IL-1 on cartilage explants in vitro were modulated by DNsim and BOsim.
Low-frequency, high efficiency sources for acoustic monitoring of climatic temperature changes in ocean basins (1992)

The problems for creating low-frequency, high-efficiency sources for acoustic monitoring of climatic temperature changes in ocean basins are discussed. The properties of monopole, dipole, Helmholtz resonator, resonate 1/4 wavelength tube sources with wave parameter KA&lt;1 are discussed where K is the acoustic wave number and A is the characteristic dimension of the source. Monopole resonant sources have the highest quality and can be realized with available deformation of existing materials in gas-filled interiors. It is shown how to overcome the main engineering problems for this source to provide (1) a uniform mode of oscillation of the radiation surfaces, (2) the highest bandwidth at maximum efficiency, and (3) the minimum strain in the radiating surfaces. The modeling data and the results of source tests show high efficiency over a bandwidth suitable for acoustic monitoring.
Experimentally quantifying the advantages of weak-value-based metrology (2015)

We experimentally investigate the relative advantages of implementing weak-value-based metrology versus standard methods. While the techniques outlined herein apply more generally, we measure small optical beam deflections both using a Sagnac interferometer with a monitored dark port (the weak-value-based technique), and by focusing the entire beam to a split detector (the standard technique). By introducing controlled external transverse detector modulations and transverse beam deflection momentum modulations, we quantify the mitigation of these sources in the weak-value-based experiment versus the standard focusing experiment. The experiments are compared using a combination of deterministic and stochastic methods. In all cases, the weak-value technique performs the same or better than the standard technique by up to two orders of magnitude in precision for our parameters. We further measure the statistical efficiency of the weak-value-based technique. By postselecting on $1%$ of the photons, we obtain $99%$ of the available Fisher information of the beam deflection parameter.
Cloning of the koi herpesvirus (KHV) gene encoding thymidine kinase and its use for a highly sensitive PCR based diagnosis (2005)

The TK based PCR assay developed in this work was shown to be specific for the detection of KHV. The TK based PCR assay was more sensitive for the detection of KHV than previously described PCR assays; it was as sensitive as virus isolation which is the golden standard method for KHV diagnosis and was able to detect as little as 10 fentograms of KHV DNA corresponding to 30 virions.
Proposal for a Two-Stage Semiconductor Laser through Tunneling and Injection (1963)

In the present paper, an analysis of laser action in semiconductors is made, and a condition for population inversion is established. The radiation output is found to be proportional to the deviation from the equilibrium value of the occupancy of the allowed states including the states in the conduction and valence band and also the donor and acceptor states. Possible laser levels are discussed. Following the general analysis, a scheme is proposed for laser action in covalent semiconductors where the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band do not occur at the same value of k. The scheme consists of simultaneously tunneling electrons into the (000) valley of the conduction band and injecting holes into the valence band. The outstanding feature of the proposed scheme is that it offers a definite possibility for separate amplitude and frequency modulation of the laser output. Various losses associated with the proposed scheme are also discussed.
Anion–arene adducts: C–H hydrogen bonding, anion–π interaction, and carbon bonding motifs (2008)

This article summarizes experimental and theoretical evidence for the existence of four distinct binding modes for complexes of anions with charge-neutral arenes. These include C–H hydrogen bonding and three motifs involving the arene–π system—the noncovalent anion–π interaction, weakly covalent σ interaction, and strongly covalent σ interaction.
Spotting sheep in Yorkshire: using eye-tracking for studying situation awareness in a driving simulator (2010)

The paper describes an experiment designed for the EASY (Effects of Automated Systems on safetY) project, in which the effect of highly automated driving on driver situation awareness was studied. Driving was either manual, with all manoeuvres controlled by the driver, or highly automated, where lateral or longitudinal control of the car was maintained by an ‗automated system‘. In both cases, drivers were requested to complete a number of secondary tasks during driving, such as answering questions over a mobile telephone or watching a video. Drivers‘ eye movements towards the sudden appearance of objects (sheep, police cars) at the side of the road were recorded, and used to infer situation awareness. This methodology was favoured over freeze frame techniques which interrupt the driving task. Whilst eye tracking is a well established technique, its use for interpreting visual attention in dynamic scenes is more problematic. This paper discusses the different analysis techniques used to investigate visual attention to events in a dynamic driving simulator environment, comparing frame by frame playback of video scenes with summary charts based on predefined areas of interest. Lessons learnt from each technique are outlined.
Two-Photon Photosensitized Production of Singlet Oxygen in Water (2004)

Singlet molecular oxygen (a(1)Delta(g)) has been produced and optically detected in time-resolved experiments upon nonlinear two-photon excitation of a photosensitizer dissolved in water. For a given sensitizer, specific functional groups that impart water solubility and that give rise to larger two-photon absorption cross sections are, in many cases, not conducive to the production of singlet oxygen in high yield. This issue involves the competing influence of intramolecular charge transfer that can be pronounced in aqueous systems; more charge transfer in the chromophore facilitates two-photon absorption but decreases the singlet oxygen yield. This phenomenon is examined in a series of porphyrins and vinyl benzenes.
Generalized Synchronization of MEG Recordings in Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence for Involvement of the Gamma Band (2002)

The purpose of this study was to investigate interdependencies in whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) of Alzheimer patients and healthy control subjects. Magnetoencephalograms were recorded in 20 Alzheimer patients (11 men; mean age, 69.0 years [standard deviation, 8.2 years]); Mini-Mental State Examination score, 21.3 points; range, 15 to 27 points) and 20 healthy control subjects (9 men; mean age, 66.4 years [standard deviation, 9.0 years]) during a no-task eyes-closed condition with a 151 channel whole-head MEG system. Synchronization likelihood (a new measure for linear as well as nonlinear interdependencies between signals) and coherence were computed for each channel in different frequency bands (2 to 6, 6 to 10, 10 to 14, 14 to 18, 18 to 22, 22 to 40 Hz). Synchronization was lower in Alzheimer patients in the upper alpha band (10 to 14 Hz), the upper beta band (18 to 22 Hz), and the gamma band (22 to 40 Hz). In contrast, coherence did not show significant group differences at the p<0.05 level. The synchronization likelihood showed a spatial pattern (high synchronization central, parietal and right frontal; low synchronization, occipital and temporal). This study confirms a widespread loss of functional interactions in the alpha and beta bands, and provides the first evidence for loss of gamma band synchronization in Alzheimer's disease. Synchronization likelihood may be more sensitive to detect such changes than the commonly used coherence analysis.
New Strategies in Sarcoma: Linking Genomic and Immunotherapy Approaches to Molecular Subtype (2015)

There are more than 100 sarcoma subtypes, each uncommon and diagnostically challenging. Conventional chemotherapy has little benefit for most soft-tissue sarcomas; new treatment strategies are needed. Multiple recent genomic studies have provided detailed insights into sarcoma biology, including more accurate classification by molecular subtype, identification of recurrent mutations in oncogenic pathways, and evidence of epigenetic dysregulation. Advances in immunotherapy (adoptive immune cell transfer, tumor vaccine strategies, and immune checkpoint inhibition) have also provided a better understanding of how immuno-oncology might best be applied to sarcoma treatment, including connections to oncogenic pathways that may support combination strategies with conventional and targeted therapies. In this article, we review the latest sarcoma genomic studies and immuno-oncology developments and discuss how the findings suggest potential strategies to improve diagnosis and treatment across multiple sarcoma subtypes.
Poly-HEMA as a material for intraocular lens implantation: a preliminary report. (1981)

A soft material (poly-HEMA) has been implanted into a number of rabbit eyes in order to evaluate its use in lens implantation following cataract surgery. No reaction to the implant was seen on light microscopy of the sectioned enucleated eyes.
Introduction (2010)

Abstract The introduction addresses two methodological preliminaries: the book's approach to comparative philosophy, called “rooted global philosophy”; and the scope of the “Neo-Confucian” tradition—in particular, why the book draws simultaneously on two thinkers often thought of as great rivals, Zhu Xi (1130–1200) and Wang Yangming (1472–1529). Rooted global philosophy means to creatively develop a particular philosophical tradition in open dialogue with other traditions from around the globe. The roots of the book's project are in Neo-Confucianism, and careful, contextualized, historical understandings of that tradition are critical to the book. But the book's project is to treat Neo-Confucianism as a live tradition and to develop these ideas in dialogue with contemporary thinkers. With regard to the scope of “Neo-Confucianism,” the book considers a variety of controversies about how to define the limits of Neo-Confucianism and about the relations between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming, but argues that its open stance is justified by strong continuities between them, together with a resolution on the author's part to remain vigilant for (and explicit about) important differences.
Comparison of four methods to compute the dielectric permittivity of liquids from molecular dynamics simulations (2001)

Four methods to compute the dielectric permittivity ε of a liquid from molecular simulations are compared in the context of the simple point charge (SPC) water model. In the first method (unrestrained method), ε is evaluated from the fluctuations of the box dipole moment M, monitored during a single equilibrium simulation. In the three other methods, ε is evaluated from the probability distribution p(M) of the dipole moment norm. This distribution is itself evaluated in three different ways: (i) from multiple simulations involving a M-dependent biasing potential (umbrella-sampling method), (ii) from multiple simulations involving a constrained dipole moment norm (M-constraint method), or (iii) from fitting of incomplete p(M) estimates to a Maxwell distribution (fitting method). The four methods are shown to converge to an identical estimate of ε=61±1 for SPC water (256 molecules, reaction-field electrostatics). The convergence properties, advantages, and drawbacks of the different methods are analyzed in detail.
Generation of synchronized ultraviolet and red femtosecond pulses by intracavity frequency doubling (1988)

An ultraviolet femtosecond pulse train of milliwatt average power and 100-MHz repetition rate is extracted from a colliding-pulse mode-locked dye laser by intracavity frequency doubling in KDP crystal. The ultraviolet and visible outputs, which are comparable in power and pulse duration, are perfectly synchronized with each other.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interaction of healthcare worker hands and portable medical equipment: a sequence analysis to show potential transmission opportunities (2017)

Our results demonstrated that PME such as COW and IV pump were two of the most highly-touched items during patient care. Even with proper hand sanitization and personal protective equipment, this sequence analysis reveals the potential for contamination from the patient and environment, to a vector such as portable medical equipment, and ultimately to another patient in the hospital.
Mutant Analysis and Cellular Localization of the AlgI, AlgJ, and AlgF Proteins Required for O Acetylation of Alginate in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2002)

Alginate is an extracellular polysaccharide produced by mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are typically isolated from the pulmonary tracts of chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients. Alginate is a linear polymer of D-mannuronate and L-guluronate with O-acetyl ester linkages on the O-2 and/or O-3 position of the mannuronate residues. The presence of O-acetyl groups plays an important role in the ability of the polymer to act as a virulence factor, and the algF, algJ, and algI genes are known to be essential for the addition of O-acetyl groups to alginate. To better understand the mechanism of O acetylation of alginate, the cellular locations of the AlgI, AlgJ, and AlgF proteins were determined. For these studies, defined nonpolar algI, algJ, and algF deletion mutants of P. aeruginosa strain FRD1 were constructed, and each mutant produced alginate lacking O-acetyl groups. Expression of algI, algJ, or algF in trans in the corresponding mutant complemented each O acetylation defect. Random phoA (alkaline phosphatase [AP] gene) fusions to algF, algJ, and algI were constructed. All in-frame fusions to algF and algJ had AP activity, indicating that both AlgF and AlgJ were exported to the periplasm. Immunoblot analysis of spheroplasts and periplasmic fractions showed that AlgF was released with the periplasmic contents but that AlgJ remained with the spheroplast fraction. An N-terminal sequence analysis of AlgJ showed that its putative AlgJ signal peptide was not cleaved, suggesting that AlgJ is anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane by its uncleaved signal peptide. AP gene fusions were also used to map the membrane topology of AlgI, and the results suggest that it is an integral membrane protein with seven transmembrane domains. These results suggest that AlgI-AlgJ-AlgF may form a complex in the membrane that is the reaction center for O acetylation of alginate.
Student Perspectives on Quality Teaching: Words and Images (2011)

This article reports on the findings of a photography and literacy project (“Through Students’ Eyes”) the authors conducted with middle level English language learners and alternative high school youth from a mid-Atlantic (US) ex-urban area. In order to bridge middle and high school settings, the authors used multimodal and photo elicitation methods to allow young adults to document and describe their relationships to school, thus helping to uncover youths’ perceptions of “quality” literacy pedagogies. They learned that visually based practices support young adolescents’ literacy engagement, engage diverse students in core language arts practices, and help youth persist through middle school, high school, and beyond.
Optimizing the monotone performance of electrodynamic drivers using tubular couplers (1976)

A theory is presented for the design of resonant cylindrical couplers to be used with electrodynamic transducers to produce intense monotone signales in air. It is shown that for a given transducer there are different couplers which maximize radiation efficiency, or maximize radiated power, or which produce ρc loading in a connecting tube. The latter coupler loads the transducer as if it were connected to an infinitely long tube of the same diameter as the connecting tube. Several commerical transducers are examined to determine their radiation performance characteristics when loaded by suitable couplers. It is concluded that transducers are available which, when properly loaded by a cylindrical coupler, are capable of meeting the radiation requirements for devices such as an acoustic detection and ranging system. For example, a 200 Welect-rated commerical transducer may be made to radiate approximately 100 Wacoust when connected to a correctly designed quarter-wavelength cylindrical coupler. Subject Classification: [43]85.40, [43]85.42.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE FIFTH AND SEVENTH CRANIAL NERVES (1933)

Journal Article SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE FIFTH AND SEVENTH CRANIAL NERVES Get access E. ARNOLD CARMICHAEL, E. ARNOLD CARMICHAEL Research Unit, National Hospital, Queen SquareLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. H. WOOLLARD H. H. WOOLLARD Department of Anatomy, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical SchoolLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 56, Issue 2, July 1933, Pages 109–125, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/56.2.109 Published: 01 July 1933
Platelet-derived growth factor a- and ß-receptors : structure and characterization of signal transduction (1991)

Platelet-derived growth factor a- and s-receptors : structure and characterization of signal transduction
Worlds in the Making: The Literacy Project as Potential Space. (1996)

I've been comparing our two projects, and it appears that our literacy project seems to be, is more confrontational than yours. We have people standing up on the table and shouting at each other because they're impassioned. We're more theoretical. Here, I hear a lot of storytelling and conversation, and I see people sharing their writing and really working at it, and the atmosphere is very nice, but it's different, certainly, from what's going on in our project.
Occupational factors and pancreatic cancer. (1986)

The relation between occupational factors and pancreatic cancer has been studied by two different approaches: a population based case-control study with two series of controls and a retrospective cohort study based on register data. With both approaches, some support was found for an association with occupational exposure to petroleum products. Associations were also indicated with exposure to paint thinner (case-control study) and work in painting and in paint and varnish factories (cohort study), for exposure to detergents, floor cleaning agents, or polish (case-control study) and with floor polishing or window cleaning (cohort study), and for exposure to refuse (case-control study) and work in refuse disposal plants (cohort study).
The science behind the “stain” (2011)

It has been almost fi ve years since I fi rst published the article entitled “Much Ado About Staining” in Review of Optometry, which explored what we really knew in 2006 about the relationship between “corneal staining” and contact lens multipurpose solutions (MPS). This was published just prior to the controversial “staining grid.” While the Grid showed MPS-associated hyperfl uorescence under the slitlamp at two hours, it did not explain the “what” or “why” behind it; even so, many proponents of the Grid continue to suggest that it shows us which solution/lens combinations are “biocompatible” and which are not. New evidence suggests that the preservative-associated transient hyperfl uorescence (or PATH) observed at two hours after lens insertion is a benign phenomenon due to an interaction between fl uorescein, MPS preservatives, and corneal cell membranes. The misinterpretation of PATH as “real” corneal staining, like that observed in pathological conditions, may be due in part to the fact that there is not a lot of teaching regarding the true properties of fl uorescein and what is actually occurring when we see either PATH or corneal staining. To discuss the science of fl uorescein, corneal staining, and PATH, I have asked some of the preeminent research experts in the study of fl uorescence spectroscopy and corneal staining from around the world to share their new research and personal opinions on these topics...
Binding of IKe gene 5 protein to polynucleotides. Fluorescence binding experiments of IKe gene 5 protein and mutual cooperativity of IKe and M13 gene 5 proteins (1987)

Fluorescence studies of the binding of IKe gene 5 protein to various polynucleotides were performed to obtain insight into the question as to what extent the binding characteristics of the gene 5 proteins of the IKe and M13 phages resemble and/or differ from each other. The fluorescence of IKe gene 5 protein is quenched 60% upon binding to most polynucleotides. At moderate salt concentrations, i.e., below 1 M salt, the binding stoichiometry is 4.0 +/- 0.5 nucleotides per IKe gene 5 protein monomer. The affinity of the protein for homopolynucleotides depends strongly on sugar and base type; in order of increasing affinities we find poly(rC) less than poly(dA) less than poly(rA) less than poly(dI) less than poly(rU) less than poly(dU) less than poly(dT). For most polynucleotides studied, the affinity depends linearly on the salt concentration: [d log (Kint omega)]/(d log [M+]) = -3. The binding is highly cooperative. The cooperativity parameter omega, as deduced from protein titration curves, is 300 +/- 150 and appears independent of the type of polynucleotide studied. Estimation of this binding parameter from salt titrations of gene 5 protein-polynucleotide complexes results in systematically higher values. A comparison of the binding data of the IKe and M13 gene 5 proteins shows that the fluorescence quenching, stoichiometry, order of binding affinities, and cooperativity in the binding are similar for both proteins. From this it is concluded that at least the DNA binding grooves of both proteins must show a close resemblance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A "hitchhiker's" guide to fast and efficient data reconstruction in erasure-coded data centers (2014)

Erasure codes such as Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are being extensively deployed in data centers since they offer significantly higher reliability than data replication methods at much lower storage overheads. These codes however mandate much higher resources with respect to network bandwidth and disk IO during reconstruction of data that is missing or otherwise unavailable. Existing solutions to this problem either demand additional storage space or severely limit the choice of the system parameters. In this paper, we present "Hitchhiker", a new erasure-coded storage system that reduces both network traffic and disk IO by around 25% to 45% during reconstruction of missing or otherwise unavailable data, with no additional storage, the same fault tolerance, and arbitrary flexibility in the choice of parameters, as compared to RS-based systems. Hitchhiker 'rides' on top of RS codes, and is based on novel encoding and decoding techniques that will be presented in this paper. We have implemented Hitchhiker in the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). When evaluating various metrics on the data-warehouse cluster in production at Facebook with real-time traffic and workloads, during reconstruction, we observe a 36% reduction in the computation time and a 32% reduction in the data read time, in addition to the 35% reduction in network traffic and disk IO. Hitchhiker can thus reduce the latency of degraded reads and perform faster recovery from failed or decommissioned machines.