gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-based shape matching with structural feature grouping (1995)

An essential problem in online handwriting recognition is the shape variation along with the variety of stroke number and stroke order. In this paper we present a clear and systematic approach to shape matching based on structural feature grouping. To cope with topological deformations caused by stroke connection and breaking, we incorporate some aspects of top-down approaches systematically into the shape matching algorithm. The grouping of local structural features into high-level features is controlled by high-level knowledge as well as the simple geometric conditions. The shape matching algorithm has the following properties from the viewpoint of online character recognition: (1) stroke order, direction, and number are free, and (2) stroke connection and breaking are allowed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spatial and temporal expression of heparan sulfate in mouse development regulates FGF and FGF receptor assembly (2003)

Heparan sulfate (HS) interacts with diverse growth factors, including Wnt, Hh, BMP, VEGF, EGF, and FGF family members, and is a necessary component for their signaling. These proteins regulate multiple cellular processes that are critical during development. However, a major question is whether developmental changes occur in HS that regulate the activity of these factors. Using a ligand and carbohydrate engagement assay, and focusing on FGF1 and FGF8b interactions with FGF receptor (FR)2c and FR3c, this paper reveals global changes in HS expression in mouse embryos during development that regulate FGF and FR complex assembly. Furthermore, distinct HS requirements are identified for both complex formation and signaling for each FGF and FR pair. Overall, these results suggest that changes in HS act as critical temporal regulators of growth factor and morphogen signaling during embryogenesis.
The HAK1 gene of barley is a member of a large gene family and encodes a high-affinity potassium transporter. (1997)

The high-affinity K+ uptake system of plants plays a crucial role in nutrition and has been the subject of extensive kinetic studies. However, major components of this system remain to be identified. We isolated a cDNA from barley roots, HvHAK1, whose translated sequence shows homology to the Escherichia coli Kup and Schwanniomyces occidentalis HAK1 K+ transporters. HvHAK1 conferred high-affinity K+ uptake to a K(+)-uptake-deficient yeast mutant exhibiting the hallmark characteristics of the high-affinity K+ uptake described for barley roots. HvHAK1 also mediated low-affinity Na+ uptake. Another cDNA (HvHAK2) encoding a polypeptide 42% identical to HvHAK1 was also isolated. Analysis of several genomes of Triticeae indicates that HvHAK1 belongs to a multigene family. Translated sequences from bacterial DNAs and Arabidopsis, rice, and possibly human cDNAs show homology to the Kup-HAK1-HvHAK1 family of K+ transporters.
THE STEREOCHEMICAL MECHANISM OF THE COOPERATIVE EFFECTS IN HEMOGLOBIN REVISITED (1998)

In 1970, Perutz tried to put the allosteric mechanism of hemoglobin, proposed by Monod, Wyman and Changeux in 1965, on a stereochemical basis. He interpreted their two-state model in terms of an equilibrium between two alternative structures, a tense one (T) with low oxygen affinity, constrained by salt-bridges between the C-termini of the four subunits, and a relaxed one (R) lacking these bridges. The equilibrium was thought to be governed primarily by the positions of the iron atoms relative to the porphyrin: out-of-plane in five-coordinated, high-spin deoxyhemoglobin, and in-plane in six-coordinated, low-spin oxyhemoglobin. The tension exercised by the salt-bridges in the T-structure was to be transmitted to the heme-linked histidines and to restrain the movement of the iron atoms into the porphyrin plane that is necessary for oxygen binding. At the beta-hemes, the distal valine and histidine block the oxygen-combining site in the T-structure; its tension was thought to strengthen that blockage. Finally, Perutz attributed the linearity of proton release with early oxygen uptake to the sequential rupture of salt-bridges in the T-structure and to the accompanying drop in pKa of the weak bases that form part of them. Almost every feature of this mechanism has been disputed, but evidence that has come to light more than 25 years later now shows it to have been substantially correct. That new evidence is reviewed below.
Irreversible trapping of the DNA-topoisomerase I covalent complex. Affinity labeling of the camptothecin binding site. (1990)

Camptothecin (CPT) binds reversibly to, and thereby stabilizes, the cleavable complex formed between DNA and topoisomerase I. The nature of the interaction of CPT with the DNA-topoisomerase I binary complex was studied by the use of two affinity labeling reagents structurally related to camptothecin: 10-bromoacetamidomethylcamptothecin (BrCPT) and 7-methyl-10-bromoacetamidomethylcamptothecin (BrCPTMe). These compounds have been shown to trap the DNA-topoisomerase I complex irreversibly. Although cleavage of DNA plasmid mediated by topoisomerase I and camptothecin was reduced significantly by treatment with high salt or excess competitor DNA, enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage stabilized by BrCTPMe persisted for at least 4 h after similar treatment. The production of irreversible topoisomerase I-DNA cleavage was time-dependent, suggesting that BrCPTMe first bound noncovalently to the enzyme-DNA complex and, in a second slower step, alkylated the enzyme or DNA in a manner that prevented DNA ligation. The formation of a covalent linkage was supported by experiments that employed [3H]BrCPT, which was shown to label topoisomerase I within the enzyme-DNA complex. [3H]BrCPT labeling of topoisomerase I was enhanced greatly by the presence of DNA; very little labeling of isolated topoisomerase I or isolated DNA occurred. Even in the presence of DNA, [3H]BrCPT labeling of topoisomerase I was inhibited by camptothecin, suggesting that both CPT and BrCPT bound to the same site on the DNA-topoisomerase I binary complex. These studies provide further evidence that a binding site for camptothecin is created as the DNA-topoisomerase I complex is formed and suggest that the A-ring of camptothecin is proximate to an enzyme residue.
Influence of substrate temperature on the orientation of YBa2Cu3O7 films (1990)

The structural characteristics of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin films were investigated by x-ray diffractometry. Films with good preferred orientation (001) and high Tc0 (86–90 K) can be prepared in situ using the dc magnetron sputtering method. For the films prepared on the ZrO2 (stabilized with Y2O3) substrate at a substrate temperature (Ts) less than 700 °C, there are different orientations and the degree of random orientation will decrease with increasing Ts. YBCO films with (001) can be obtained on ZrO2 with different crystal planes, such as (100), (110), and (111) at suitable temperature (760–850 °C). From the results it could be concluded that the YBCO film growth with c-axis orientation mainly depends on the substrate temperature Ts.
Structural Effect of Thiol-Compounds on the Thiol-Ene Based UV Curable Adhesive (2013)

Three thiol-compounds with different functionalities were synthesized through esterification reaction which was prepared by 1, 4-butanediol, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol and 3-mercapto propionic acid respectively. Thiol-compounds and polyurethane-acrylate prepolymer were blended with addition of photo-initiator in certain proportions in order to form polyurethane curing film under UV irradiation. The structure and properties of the thiol-compounds and the polyurethane curing film were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, and TG. The results showed that the thiol-ene addition reaction between the urethane acrylates and the thiol-compounds was preceeded. With the increase of functionality of mercaptopropionic acid ester, the thermal stability improved, and the T-peel strength enhanced. When the moral ratio of urethane acrylates and trimethylolpropane-3-mercapto propionic acid ester was 1:1, the adhesive showed the best mechanical properties and thermal stability with curing time 40s, T-peel strength 88N/m and 50 % mass loss at 369°C, respectively.
Expanding the Horizons of Foodborne Listeriosis (1992)

A little over 10 years ago, infections caused by the gram-positive coccobacillus<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>were rare events, providing grist to the mill of grand rounds at university medical centers and case reports to medical journals.<sup>1</sup>Small clusters of temporally related neonatal infections occasionally piqued the curiosity of epidemiologists from the Centers for Disease Control and others,<sup>2,3</sup>but investigations of these clusters shed little light on the transmission of this pathogen. Investigators were stymied by the small number of cases in each cluster, and at the Centers for Disease Control, listeriosis came to be known as the "graveyard of epidemiology"! This situation changed radically in 1979 when a large outbreak of nosocomial listeriosis in Boston, Mass, city hospitals suggested the possibility of foodborne illness.<sup>4</sup>Foodborne transmission was finally confirmed by an outbreak of community-acquired perinatal and adult listeriosis traced to ingestion of contaminated cabbage from a farm on
Discovery of Selective RNA-Binding Small Molecules by Affinity-Selection Mass Spectrometry (2018)

Recent advances in understanding the relevance of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) to disease have increased interest in drugging ncRNA with small molecules. The recent discovery of ribocil, a structurally distinct synthetic mimic of the natural ligand of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) riboswitch, has revealed the potential chemical diversity of small molecules that target ncRNA. Affinity-selection mass spectrometry (AS-MS) is theoretically applicable to high-throughput screening (HTS) of small molecules binding to ncRNA. Here, we report the first application of the Automated Ligand Detection System (ALIS), an indirect AS-MS technique, for the selective detection of small molecule-ncRNA interactions, high-throughput screening against large unbiased small-molecule libraries, and identification and characterization of novel compounds (structurally distinct from both FMN and ribocil) that target the FMN riboswitch. Crystal structures reveal that different compounds induce various conformations of the FMN riboswitch, leading to different activity profiles. Our findings validate the ALIS platform for HTS screening for RNA-binding small molecules and further demonstrate that ncRNA can be broadly targeted by chemically diverse yet selective small molecules as therapeutics.
Large-Scale, High-Resolution Data Acquisition System for Extracellular Recording of Electrophysiological Activity (2008)

A platform for high spatial and temporal resolution electrophysiological recordings of in vitro electrogenic cell cultures handling 4096 electrodes at a full frame rate of 8 kHz is presented and validated by means of cardiomyocyte cultures. Based on an active pixel sensor device implementing an array of metallic electrodes, the system provides acquisitions at spatial resolutions of 42 microm on an active area of 2.67 mm x 2.67 mm, and in the zooming mode, temporal resolutions down to 8 micros on 64 randomly selected electrodes. The low-noise performances of the integrated amplifier (11 microV (rms)) combined with a hardware implementation inspired by image/video processing concepts enable high-resolution acquisitions with real-time preprocessing capabilities adapted to the handling of the large amount of acquired data.
[Use of telecommunications in pathology and anatomy services]. (1991)

Telepathology comprises the transmission of microscopic images via the telecommunications network. This paper describes the first experiences from this new technology in Norway. These include teleconferences based on showing histologic slides from the Department of Pathology at the University Hospital in Tromsø to clinicians at local hospitals. A frozen section service to Kirkenes Hospital, based on remote control of a robotic microscope and transmission of high quality video images of the slide, has also been successfully established.
Distal anterior compartment myopathy: A dysferlin mutation causing a new muscular dystrophy phenotype (2001)

We report a family with a new phenotype of autosomal recessive muscle dystrophy caused by a dysferlin mutation. The onset of the illness is distal, in the muscles of the anterior compartment group. The disease is rapidly progressive, leading to severe proximal weakness. Muscle biopsy showed moderate dystrophic changes with no vacuoles. Dysferlin immunostaining was negative. Gene analysis revealed a frameshift mutation in the exon 50 (delG5966) of the DYSF gene. This phenotype further demonstrates the clinical heterogeneity of the dysferlinopathies. Ann Neurol 2001;49:130–134
Extraction-spectrophotometric determination of iron with 2-[2-(3,5-dibromopyridyl)azo]-5-dimethylaminobenzoic acid (1984)

An extraction-spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of iron based on its extraction into chloroform with 2-[2-(3,5-dibromopyridyl)azo]-5-dimethylaminobenzoic acid from a weakly acidic medium has been developed. The maximum absorbance of the extracted species occurs at 615 nm. The reagent was very sensitive and reacted with iron(II) to form a stable, blue 1 : 2 (Fe : reagent) complex, which was extracted into chloroform. The apparent molar absorptivitiy of the iron(II) complex was 9.36 × 104 l mol–1 cm–1 at 615 nm in chloroform. The method has been applied to the determination of iron in various samples, such as aluminium alloys, silicon carbide powders and well waters.
A 12b 60MS/s SHA-less opamp-sharing pipeline A/D with switch-embedded dual input OTAs (2012)

A 12-bit 60 MS/s SHA-less opamp sharing pipeline ADC utilizing switch-embedded dual-input current-reused opamp is presented in this paper. The proposed opamp sharing technique reduces the power consumption without suffering from memory effect. Two-phase overlapping clocks are proposed to ensure analog transistors in the common-mode feedback (CMFB) loop to always work in saturation thus avoiding common mode voltage settling due to the switch turn-on delay. To further reduce the power consumption, the sampling clock in the first multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) is split into two phases to reduce the gain-bandwidth (GBW) requirement of the flash ADC without sacrificing the opamp settling time. The ADC fabricated in a 0.13-μm CMOS process demonstrates a maximum SNDR of 64.9 dB and a peak SFDR of 77.1 dB at 60 MS/s. The core ADC with an active die area of 2.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> consumes 36 mW of power at 60 MS/s under 1.2-V power supply.
Genetic Control of Male Fertility in Higher Plants (1992)

Male development in higher plants is a complex process which requires the correct spatial and temporal expression of a large number of male fertility genes. They include the genes required for the structure of the male organs, as well as genes required for male gamete development. Male-sterile mutants, impaired in male fertility functions, have helped to identify a number of these genes in various plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana, the model crucifer. In A. thaliana, once these genes are mapped, they can be cloned by chromosome walking. Alternative strategies of cloning will be facilitated by the isolation of similar mutants by tagging with transposable elements, T-DNA, or by mutagen-induced deletion. Once the genes required for male fertility are cloned and their wild type function identified, an understanding of the molecular basis of male fertility is likely to result. The combination of genetic dissection and the modern techniques of genome manipulation have made such a goal feasible.
Expression of the Ets-1 transcription factor in human astrocytomas is associated with Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (Flt-1)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 synthesis and neoangiogenesis. (1999)

Marked neovascularization and vascular endothelial proliferation are characteristic features of malignant gliomas. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenic protein secreted by glioma cells, appears to play a crucial role for induction of neoangiogenesis. The VEGF receptors fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (Flt-1)/VEGFR-1 and kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR)/ VEGFR-2 are up-regulated on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) in gliomas. Both receptor genes contain an Ets-responsible element in their promoters. The proto-oncogene ets-1 encodes a transcription factor that has been associated with blood vessel formation in vivo under physiological and pathophysiological conditions including tumor neovascularization. Ets-1 is induced by VEGF in cultured ECs. In vitro data also point to a role of Ets-1 as a transcriptional activator of Flt-1. These properties prompted us to investigate Ets-1 expression in 32 human astroglial tumors of WHO grades I-IV and to correlate the data with the expression pattern of VEGF, Flt-1, and KDR. By in situ hybridization, high ets-1 mRNA levels were found in the glioma microvasculature with particularly prominent signals in glomeruloid vascular endothelial proliferations of glioblastomas (WHO grade IV). Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR identified the full-length ets-1 transcript but none of three known splice variants encoding isoforms with different functional domains. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated Ets-1 protein preferentially in the nucleus of those ECs with an epithelioid morphology consistent with an activated state, whereas quiescent flat-shaped ECs predominantly displayed cytosolic immunoreactivity. This observation proposes nuclear translocation of Ets-1 during neoangiogenesis. VEGF synthesis by glioma cells was accompanied by Ets-1 expression in adjacent microvascular ECs. Furthermore, a highly significant correlation was observed between Ets-1 and Flt-1 (but not KDR) expression in ECs of the glioma microvasculature. Our data suggest that VEGF secreted by glioma cells induces Ets-1 in adjacent microvascular ECs, which subsequently transactivates the VEGF receptor Flt-1. This cascade may crucially promote neoangiogenesis in human gliomas.
Hydrolysis of mustard derivatives in aqueous acetone-water and ethanol-water mixtures (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of mustard derivatives in aqueous acetone-water and ethanol-water mixturesYu Chu Yang, J. Richard Ward, and Thomas LuteranCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 14, 2756–2759Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00364a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00364a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Differentially Private Learning with Kernels (2013)

In this paper, we consider the problem of differentially private learning where access to the training features is through a kernel function only. As mentioned in Chaudhuri et al. (2011), the problem seems to be intractable for general kernel functions in the standard learning model of releasing different private predictor. We study this problem in three simpler but practical settings. We first study an interactive model where the user sends its test points to a trusted learner (like search engines) and expects accurate but differentially private predictions. In the second model, the learner has access to a subset of the unlabeled test set using which it releases a predictor, which preserves privacy of the training data. (NIH, 2003) is an example of such publicly available test set. Our third model is similar to the traditional model, where learner is oblivious to the test set but the kernels are restricted to functions over vector spaces. For each of the models, we derive differentially private learning algorithms with provable “utility ” or error bounds. Moreover, we show that our methods can also be applied to the traditional model where they demonstrate better dimensionality dependence when compared to the methods of (Rubinstein et al., 2009; Chaudhuri et al., 2011). Finally, we provide experimental validation of our methods. 1.
Adhesion-enhancing surface treatments for parylene deposition (2011)

Parylene-C has been extensively used in biomedical devices as a conformal and biocompatible coating. It is also a good material for implantation. Unfortunately, serious delamination between parylene-C and other materials is often found even during standard MEMS processes such as lift-off and sacrificial photoresist releasing. Therefore, surface treatments before parylene deposition that can enhance the interface adhesion between the deposited parylene and the coated surface are highly desirable. Interestingly, the chemical structure of Parylene-C does suggest that parylene-C deposition on a clean hydrophobic surface favors a good interface adhesion. This work is then to study various surface treatments, especially on silicon and another parylene-C surfaces, by hexane, toluene, propylene carbonate (P.C.), and tetrafluoromethane (CF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) plasma. Our hypothesis is then good surface cleaning can lead to interface adhesion. We report the results here using parameters such as peeling force, soaking undercut rate, and vertical attack bubble density (VABD) to quantify the effectiveness of these adhesion treatments.