gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review on alkaline activation: new analytical perspectives (2014)

For many years now the idea of including alkalis in a Portland cement matrix has been regarded as a daft or inexcusably erroneous proposition: despite its absurdity, that opinion has been widely accepted as a basic premise by the scientific and technical community working in the area of the chemistry of cement. In 1957 Glukhovsky proposed a working hypothesis in which he established a close relationship between alkalis and cementitious materials. That hypothesis has become consolidated and has served as a basis for developing a new type of binders, initially called “alkaline cements”. The present paper reviews the most significant theoretical interpretations of the role played by alkalis in the formation of the “stony” structure of cement. It ends with a broad overview of the versatility of this type of materials for industrial applications and a discussion of the possibility of building on the existing legislation to meet the need for the future regulation of alkaline cement and concrete manufacture.
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ ligands inhibit development of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor–deficient mice (2000)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor that regulates fat-cell development and glucose homeostasis and is the molecular target of a class of insulin-sensitizing agents used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. PPARgamma is highly expressed in macrophage foam cells of atherosclerotic lesions and has been demonstrated in cultured macrophages to both positively and negatively regulate genes implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. We report here that the PPARgamma-specific agonists rosiglitazone and GW7845 strongly inhibited the development of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient male mice, despite increased expression of the CD36 scavenger receptor in the arterial wall. The antiatherogenic effect in male mice was correlated with improved insulin sensitivity and decreased tissue expression of TNF-alpha and gelatinase B, indicating both systemic and local actions of PPARgamma. These findings suggest that PPARgamma agonists may exert antiatherogenic effects in diabetic patients and provide impetus for efforts to develop PPARgamma ligands that separate proatherogenic activities from antidiabetic and antiatherogenic activities.
Binocular-vision-based position sensor with PSDs and its application to mobile robot following (2002)

A new binocular-vision-based position sensor with position sensitive devices (PSDs) is proposed. The features of the sensor are easy handling and fast processing, for detecting other travelling objects in a mobile robot system. The measurable range of angle in the lens-and-PSD sensor is restricted due to the image surface bulge of the lens. Thus, the proposed position sensor is controlled by stepping motors to face the light source in the prerunning car. The principle of the proposed position sensor is described and the characteristics of a trial sensor are discussed. Experimental results demonstrate the suitability of this position sensor for mobile robot systems.
The Leukemic Protein Core Binding Factor β (CBFβ)–Smooth-Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Sequesters CBFα2 into Cytoskeletal Filaments and Aggregates (1998)

The fusion gene CBFB-MYH11 is generated by the chromosome 16 inversion associated with acute myeloid leukemias. This gene encodes a chimeric protein involving the core binding factor beta (CBFbeta) and the smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC). Mouse model studies suggest that this chimeric protein CBFbeta-SMMHC dominantly suppresses the function of CBF, a heterodimeric transcription factor composed of DNA binding subunits (CBFalpha1 to 3) and a non-DNA binding subunit (CBFbeta). This dominant suppression results in the blockage of hematopoiesis in mice and presumably contributes to leukemogenesis. We used transient-transfection assays, in combination with immunofluorescence and green fluorescent protein-tagged proteins, to monitor subcellular localization of CBFbeta-SMMHC, CBFbeta, and CBFalpha2 (also known as AML1 or PEBP2alphaB). When expressed individually, CBFalpha2 was located in the nuclei of transfected cells, whereas CBFbeta was distributed throughout the cell. On the other hand, CBFbeta-SMMHC formed filament-like structures that colocalized with actin filaments. Upon cotransfection, CBFalpha2 was able to drive localization of CBFbeta into the nucleus in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, CBFalpha2 colocalized with CBFbeta-SMMHC along the filaments instead of localizing to the nucleus. Deletion of the CBFalpha-interacting domain within CBFbeta-SMMHC abolished this CBFalpha2 sequestration, whereas truncation of the C-terminal-end SMMHC domain led to nuclear localization of CBFbeta-SMMHC when coexpressed with CBFalpha2. CBFalpha2 sequestration by CBFbeta-SMMHC was further confirmed in vivo in a knock-in mouse model. These observations suggest that CBFbeta-SMMHC plays a dominant negative role by sequestering CBFalpha2 into cytoskeletal filaments and aggregates, thereby disrupting CBFalpha2-mediated regulation of gene expression.
Decision support for the single‐period inventory problem (2000)

The development of a decision support tool for the single‐period inventory problem is presented. The support tool allows a consideration of the following factors: empirical frequency distributions, theoretical probability distribution functions and managerial probability estimates of total demand over the period; piece‐wise linear (possibly discontinuous) cost functions. Such functions allow for the possibility of “fixed cost” elements and/or “economies/diseconomies” of scale and account for most, if not all, of the purchase cost, holding cost, salvage revenue and shortage cost functions that arise in practice; choice of performance measures; and “what‐if” analysis on the problem parameters. The support tool, which uses the Monte Carlo simulation option of Visual IFPS/Plus, is transparent and constructively simple and thus readily facilitates understanding, acceptance and implementation by management. The support tool runs under the Windows operating system and has easy access to appropriate spreadsheet and word‐processing packages for further processing and report presentation.
Subjective evaluation of the speech quality from speech enhancement and segregation algorithms. (2010)

Automatic separation of speech from noise and segregation of overlapping co-channel speech are two of the most challenging problems in speech processing. In previous work, we have developed algorithms to both enhance noisy speech and segregate overlapping speech streams. Our single-channel speech enhancement and speech segregation algorithms have shown better performance than other reported algorithms for automatic speech recognition. Additionally, objective evaluation scores of perceptual quality have shown a significant improvement following processing by our algorithms. In this study, we focus on subjective evaluation of these algorithms for human listeners. We investigate the intelligibility and quality of speech from our algorithm on normal-hearing listeners, cochlear implant users, and hearing impaired subjects. Our preliminary results indicate a significant improvement in the perceptual quality of the speech signal after being processed by our algorithm and suggest that the proposed algorithms can be used as a pre-processing block within the signal processing in hearing aid devices.
Analysis and design of high-speed and low-power CMOS PLAs (2001)

The programmable logic array (PLA) is a basic and important building circuit for VLSI chips. Operating behaviors of several conventional PLAs are analyzed first to find out their speed and power bottlenecks. Then, new circuit design techniques for the CMOS PLA are proposed in the hopes of fulfilling the requirements of high speed and low power at the same time. Finally, high speed is achieved through the combined effect of utilization of a fast pseudofootless dynamic circuit and a reduced interplane clock delay. On the other hand, low power is achieved because the power consumption from the three main sources, i.e., the AND-plane circuits, the interplane buffers, and the OR-plane circuits, can be reduced significantly and simultaneously. The delay time and the power consumption of the critical path of a PLA are taken as the performance evaluation parameters. When the 50/spl times/50/spl times/64 PLAs are designed in a 0.35-/spl mu/m 1P4M CMOS technology, the maximum operating frequency of the proposed PLA is 1.61 times higher than that of the fastest conventional PLA. Furthermore, power reduction can be as high as 18% and 43% when the operating frequencies are set to be 100 MHz and 50 MHz, respectively, as compared to the most power-efficient conventional PLA.
Multiple mode conversion and beam shaping with superimposed long period gratings (2008)

We demonstrate how to convert several arbitrary optical fiber modes into a single mode and vice versa using superimposed long period gratings (SLPG). As an example, we theoretically consider SLPG consisting of five gratings, which couple first six LP(0j) modes of a single mode fiber. We optimize the SLPG output to form light beams that are focused at a distance 0.5 mm and 1 mm from the fiber. In addition, we optimize the SLPG output to generate a beam with an amplitude that is uniform inside a 4(0) angle with a +/-0.2 % accuracy. In the latter case, the refractive index profile of the SLPG is calculated for an SMF-28 fiber. The proposed SLPG devices can be used as efficient all-fiber mode focusers and beam shapers.
Distributed and Multiplexed Fiber Optic Sensors (2011)

In general, multisensor systems can be formed in a number of ways. First, a number of discrete sensors designed to operate as point sensors can be arranged in a network or array configuration, with the individual sensor outputs multiplexed onto the fiber telemetry system using techniques common to radio-frequency (RF), such as frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) or time-division multiplexing (TDM), or by using more specialized schemes developed for multiplexed optical communications systems, such as wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Alternatively, the inherent distributed sensing nature of intrinsic fiber optic sensors can be used to create unique forms of sensors for which, there may be no counterpart based on conventional sensor technologies. In an intrinsic fiber optic sensor, the modulation of the optical carrier induced by the measurand field occurs while the light remains guided within the fiber. Awide range of networking topologies are possible for both intensity-based and interferometric fiber optic sensors. Controlled Vocabulary Terms fibre optic sensors; frequency division multiplexing; radio frequency; telemetry; time division multiplexing; wavelength division multiplexing
Towards sub-microscale liquid metal patterns: Cascade phase change mediated pick-n-place transfer of liquid metals printed and stretched over a flexible substrate (2018)

Recently, eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) has been actively investigated towards stretchable and wearable electronic devices with the aid of high fluidity, high electrical conductivity and low toxicity. However, high surface tension along with spontaneous oxidation makes it difficult to realize fine patterning below ~10 μm, thus physical molding into an elastomeric mold is thought to be a unique solution. Here, we present a novel manufacturing technique that enables EGaIn patterns of single-digit micrometer width without using a guide mold for the first time. First, a custom direct printing setup is constructed with a laser displacement sensor, a 3-axis motorized stage, and electronic pressure regulators to enable continuous and uniform printing of EGaIn by feedback control of the distance between the dispensing needle and the substrate. With the custom direct printing setup, a 120μm wide linear pattern is printed on an Ecoflex, platinum catalyzed silicone elastomer. To enable a single-digit micrometer pattern, the initial printed line is stretched, frozen with deionized (DI) water, and then transferred to an unstretched Ecoflex substrate. Upon gentle heating after the pick-and-place of the EGaIn line frozen with DI water, only the stretched EGaIn line is left on the new Ecoflex substrate. Aforementioned pick-and-place transfer of the stretched EGaIn frozen with DI water is cascaded multiple times until a target width is obtained. With the proposed idea, a 2μm wide linear pattern, 60-fold reduction with respect to the initial dimension, is acquired. For practical applications, strain and tactile sensors are demonstrated with width-reduced EGaIn patterns.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL AROMATIZATION REACTION OF 11‐OXOLANOSTANES (1978)

Abstract Seüz‐Oxidation der Steroide (I) liefert unter Umlagerung die Verbindungen (II); aus dem (I)‐Analogen (III) entsteht dagegen kein Aromatisierungsprodukt, sondern das Dion (IV).
A Morphological and Genetic Mapping Study of White Colony Mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor (1972)

SUMMARY: Fifty whi mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor, having white instead of the wild-type grey colonies, were examined microscopically and genetically. The aerial mycelium structure of the mutants was broadly classified into six types, ranging from the complete absence of any stage of sporulation to the presence of apparently normal spores. Eight map locations were discovered for whi genes, all in previously well-marked regions of the map. Closely linked mutations possessed similar aerial mycelium structure, with few exceptions.
Video on demand - competing technologies and services (1995)

The paper sets out to review the background to the developing technologies and services associated with video-on-demand, and to discuss the impact of these new services on the existing marketplace. The terms `video-on-demand' (VoD), `pure-video-on-demand' (PVoD), and near-video-on-demand (NVoD) are rigorously defined and the VoD concept of the RACE II project DIAMOND is described. Competing VoD technologies are described under the categories of PVoD and NVoD. In the case of PVoD, the types of video server, transmission path options and end user equipment are described. Competing VoD services are reviewed, as well as trials, under the categories of PVoD and NVoD. Finally, the impact on the marketplace of the introduction of VoD services is discussed in terms of: the `killer' application for VoD, pricing issues for the new services and programme rights for VoD content. In summary, the paper offers an overview of the nascent VoD technologies and services, and an assessment of their impact on a complex set of new and overlapping markets.
Drug concentration heterogeneity facilitates the evolution of drug resistance (1998)

Pathogenic microorganisms use Darwinian processes to circumvent attempts at their control through chemotherapy. In the case of HIV-1 infection, in which drug resistance is a continuing problem, we show that in one-compartment systems, there is a relatively narrow window of drug concentrations that allows evolution of resistant variants. When the system is enlarged to two spatially distinct compartments held at different drug concentrations with transport of virus between them, the range of average drug concentrations that allow evolution of resistance is significantly increased. For high average drug concentrations, resistance is very unlikely to arise without spatial heterogeneity. We argue that a quantitative understanding of the role played by heterogeneity in drug levels and pathogen transport is crucial for attempts to control re-emergent infectious disease.
Absorption of terahertz radiation by plasmon modes in a grid-gated double-quantum-well field-effect transistor (2003)

The terahertz absorption spectrum of plasmon modes in a grid-gated double-quantum-well (DQW) field-effect transistor structure is analyzed theoretically and numerically using a first principles electromagnetic approach and is shown to faithfully reproduce important physical features of recent experimental observations. We find that the essential character of the response—multiple resonances corresponding to spatial harmonics of standing plasmons under the metal grating—is caused by the static spatial modulation of electron density in the channel. Higher order plasmon modes become more optically active as the depth of the electron density modulation in the DQW tends towards unity. The maximum absorbance, at plasma resonance, is shown to be 1/2. Furthermore, the strongest absorption also occurs when the standing plasmon resonance coincides with the fundamental dipole mode of the ungated portion of the channel.
Oxidative stress stimulates proliferation and invasiveness of hepatic stellate cells via a MMP2‐mediated mechanism† (2005)

Experimental evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the development of hepatic fibrosis; they induce hepatic stellate cells (HSC) proliferation and collagen synthesis. To address the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in promoting HSC proliferation during hepatic injury, we investigated whether oxidative stress modulates the growth and invasiveness of HSC by influencing MMP-2 activation. Cell invasiveness and proliferation, which were studied using Boyden chambers and by counting cells under a microscope, were evaluated after treatment with a superoxide-producing system, xanthine plus xanthine oxidase (X/XO), in the presence or absence of antioxidants and MMP inhibitors. Expression and activation of MMP-2 were evaluated via gel zymography, immunoassay, and ribonuclease protection assay. The addition of X/XO induced proliferation and invasiveness of human HSC in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of antioxidants as well as MMP-2-specific inhibitors impaired these phenomena. X/XO treatment increased MMP-2 expression and secretion appreciably and significantly induced members of its activation complex, specifically membrane-type 1 MMP and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 2. To study the intracellular signaling pathways involved in X/XO-induced MMP-2 expression, we evaluated the effects of different kinase inhibitors. The inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) abrogated X/XO-elicited MMP-2 upregulation and completely prevented X/XO-induced growth and invasiveness of HSC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MMP-2 is required for the mitogenic and proinvasive effects of ROS on HSC and demonstrate that ERK1/2 and PI3K are the main signals involved in ROS-mediated MMP-2 expression.
No Greater Crack? (1968)

THELLO thinks that nature ought to have convulsions at death of Desdemona (V. ii. 98-ioi).' So do we. But it doesn't. Octavius thinks that nature ought to have convulsions at death of Antony (V. iv I4-I7). Do we? Anyway, it doesn't. Doubtless it depends on importance of event, whether or not it should have wide repercussions, physical or metaphysical. A long and powerful critical tradition would argue that, if there should be any crack in nature, it ought to occur not at death of Antony but at death of Cleopatra. Beginning with Horace's modest estimate of her-non humilis mulier2-there is a steady crescendo of adulation that hardly stops short of apotheosis. Swinburne extols her as the perfect and everlasting woman,8 and even Bowdler (or one of his later editors) is carried away by her final performance when, still radiant in that seductive beauty, she robs death of its hideousness.4 She is compared to Eve, Circe, Helen of Troy, La Belle Dame sans Merci, and woman Pater saw behind smile of La Gioconda;5 and we are assured that she embraces all qualities not only of Gertrude, Cressida, and Lady Macbeth, but also of Rosalind, Beatrice, Ophelia, Desdemona, and Cordelia.6 Either she stands beyond good and evil-Jn no play is moral outlook so irrelevant.... We watch as though from turrets of infinity, whence ethical is found unreal and beauty alone survives.7 Or she is just a disciple of Aristotle achieving her entelechy-We are not shocked. ... She was but fulfilling her destiny. . . She is a woman worthy to be loved only by greatest man in world.8 Or else it is very extremity of evil in her that is exciting and self-justifying-We must accept her for naked, conscienceless, absolute royal she-animal she is . . . regnant . . . by virtue of being shameless, capable of bestowing a love that is savage, perfidious, merciless, yet extreme, wild, divine.9 Her union with Antony is the marriage of true minds.10 Their story is tragedy of
Gd5(SixGe1x)4: An Extremum Material (2001)

The large shear displacements of atomic layers in Gd5(SixGe1–x)4 materials, coupled with the change of crystallographic symmetry and magnetic order, characterizes these transformations as magnetic–martensitic, which are extremely rare. The start and the end of the magnetic–martensitic transitions depends strongly on the direction of change (i.e., increasing or decreasing) of either or both the temperature and magnetic field. These profound bonding, structural, electronic, and magnetic changes, which occur in the Gd5(SixGe1–x)4 system, bring about some extreme changes of the materials' behavior resulting in a rich variety of unusually powerful magneto-responsive properties, such as the giant magnetocaloric effect, colossal magnetostriction, and giant magnetoresistance.
Fabrication of a wearable fabric tactile sensor produced by artificial hollow fiber (2008)

An artificial-hollow-fiber structure as a new material for MEMS was developed and applied to a novel type of fabric tactile sensor. The artificial hollow fiber was fabricated by uniformly deposited metal and insulation layers on the surface of an elastic tube. A special rotating mechanism for uniformly depositing a metal layer on the tube surface during sputtering was developed. A rectangular-shaped fabric tactile sensor was produced by combining artificial hollow fibers and typical cotton yarns, like a cloth. The sensor can detect a contact force by measuring changes in capacitance at all intersection points of the artificial hollow fibers. Two different types of wearable-tactile-sensor glove, a patched type and a direct knit type, were also fabricated, and it was confirmed that both types can detect a normal load by measuring the capacitance change.
Optimization of a network of compressors in parallel: Operational and maintenance planning – The air separation plant case (2015)

A general mathematical framework for the optimization of compressors operations in air separation plants that considers operating constraints for compressors, several types of maintenance policies and managerial aspects is presented. The proposed approach can be used in a rolling horizon scheme. The operating status, the power consumption, the startup and the shutdown costs for compressors, the compressor-to-header assignments as well as the outlet mass flow rates for compressed air and distillation products are optimized under full demand satisfaction. The power consumption in the compressors is expressed by regression functions that have been derived using technical and historical data. Several case studies of an industrial air separation plant are solved. The results demonstrate that the simultaneous optimization of maintenance and operational tasks of the compressors favor the generation of better solutions in terms of total costs.
Modulation of fibroblast-mediated cartilage degradation by articular chondrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

These data underline the value of the SCID mouse in vivo model of rheumatoid cartilage destruction and demonstrate that chondrocytes contribute significantly to the degradation of cartilage by releasing factors that stimulate RA FLS. Among those, IL-1beta-mediated mechanisms might be of particular importance.