gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aromatic Side Chain-Functionalized Long Chain Acid Salts:  Structural Factors Influencing Their Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline Behavior (2002)

The structural factors influencing the self-assembly of aromatic side chain functionalized long chain acid salts into lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) phases were examined. Two sets of amphiphiles were synthesized containing two different ionic headgroups (i.e., sodium carboxylate and sodium sulfonate) and four different aromatic side chains (i.e., 4-styryl ether, 4-ethylphenyl ether, 1-naphthyl ether, and 4-phenylazophenyl ether) positioned at various locations along the amphiphile backbone. Systematic variation of the type of the aromatic side chain and its relative position on the amphiphile as a function of the two headgroups revealed that the position of the side chain on the amphiphile is the most important structural factor influencing the type and stability of the LLC phases formed. The nature of the aromatic side chain and the nature of the anionic headgroup play much more subtle roles in the LLC behavior of this particular amphiphile structural motif. Noncovalent aromatic−aromatic interactions are known to play important roles in the aggregation behavior of amphiphiles containing aromatic units along the alkyl chains; however, such interactions could not be detected spectroscopically in the LLC phases of our aromatic side chain amphiphiles. We speculate that the differences in alkyl chain interdigitation and packing efficiency arising from having the aromatic unit as a side chain rather than along the alkyl chains are responsible for this discrepancy. Control experiments with aliphatic ether side chain amphiphiles also corroborate the fact that aromatic interactions do not play a significant role in the aggregation behavior of these side chain amphiphiles. Side chain amphiphiles lacking an aromatic unit are still able to form the inverted hexagonal LLC phase, so long as the extent of branching and volume of the aliphatic side chain are sufficient.
Neutral Dimethylzirconocene Complexes as Initiators for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone (2012)

Abstract The synthesis, structures, and ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) activity of new dimethyl‐ ansa ‐ and ‐non‐ ansa ‐zirconocene complexes are reported. The substituted indene precursors 1‐C 9 H 7 R [R = CH 3 ( 1 ), CH 2 Ph ( 2 ) and C 2 H 4 (C 4 H 7 O 2 ) ( 3 )] were synthesised by treating RBr [R = CH 2 Ph and C 2 H 4 (C 4 H 7 O 2 )] or MeI with indenyllithium. Likewise, bridged indenyl/cyclopentadiene compounds [Me 2 Si(3‐C 9 H 6 R)(C 5 Me 4 H)] [R = H ( 4 ), CH 3 ( 5 ), CH 2 Ph ( 6 ) and C 2 H 4 (C 4 H 7 O 2 ) ( 7 )] were obtained by treating the lithium salt of the appropriately substituted indene with ClSiMe 2 (C 5 Me 4 H). ansa ‐Indenyl–cyclopentadienylmetallocenes [Zr{Me 2 Si(3‐η 5 ‐C 9 H 5 R)(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 4 )}Cl 2 ] [R = H ( 8 ), CH 3 ( 9 ), CH 2 Ph ( 10 ), C 2 H 4 (C 4 H 7 O 2 ) ( 11 )] were subsequently obtained by treating the dilithium salts of the corresponding ligands with ZrCl 4 in toluene. The dimethyl derivatives [Zr{Me 2 Si(3‐η 5 ‐C 9 H 5 R)(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 4 )}Me 2 ] [R = H ( 12 ), CH 3 ( 13 ), CH 2 Ph ( 14 ), C 2 H 4 (C 4 H 7 O 2 ) ( 15 )] were prepared by treating the corresponding ansa ‐zirconocene dichloride complex with MgMeBr. Dialkyl derivative [Zr{Me 2 Si{3‐η 5 ‐C 9 H 5 (CH 2 Ph)}(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 4 )}(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 2 ] ( 16 ) was prepared by adding 2 equiv. of LiCH 2 SiMe 3 to complex 10 . Mixed indenyl/cyclopentadienylzirconocene complexes [Zr(η 5 ‐C 9 H 6 R)(η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )Cl 2 ] [R = H ( 17 ), C 2 H 4 (C 4 H 7 O 2 ) ( 18 )] were prepared by treating the lithium salt of the appropriately substituted indene with [Zr(η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )Cl 3 ]. Likewise, dimethyl derivatives [Zr(η 5 ‐C 9 H 6 R)(η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )Me 2 ] [R = H ( 19 ), C 2 H 4 (C 4 H 7 O 2 ) ( 20 )] were prepared by treating the corresponding mixed indenyl/cyclopentadienyl dichloride complex with 2 equiv. of MgMeBr. The X‐ray crystal structures of 7 , 12 , and 13 were also established. Finally, comparative catalytic studies of zirconium complexes 12 – 16 , 19 and 20 in ROP reactions of ϵ‐caprolactone are described.
Extraction method of the base series resistances in bipolar transistor in presence of current crowding (1996)

This paper proposes a new method to determine the base resistance components and the base sheet resistance under forward bias conditions and in the presence of current crowding. Using bipolar transistors with two independent base contacts, the base sheet resistance R/sub /spl square// and the extrinsic resistance component R/sub Bx/ are first extracted. Accounting for current crowding, the total base resistance is subsequently calculated using an analytical analysis of the debiasing effects. The assessment of this method is accomplished by exercising the algorithm with current/voltage data generated by two dimensional numerical simulations. The simulated structure corresponds to an advanced npn transistor embedded in the QUBiC BiCMOS technology. The extracted quantities are directly compared to their strictly integrated counterparts determined from the internal current and voltage distributions.
A Highly Active and Recyclable Catalytic System for CO<sub>2</sub>/Propylene Oxide Copolymerization (2008)

Converting CO2 into polymer: A catalytic system that produces a high molecular weight CO2/propylene oxide copolymer with high activity and selectivity is disclosed. After filtration through silica gel, elution of the catalyst leaves a solid phase with a negligible metal residue (see picture). The catalyst can be reused without significant loss of performance.
PATH-13. THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA (IDH WILDTYPE) IS NOT THE LOCATION OF THE TUMOR BUT THE SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE (2018)

Two hypotheses about the origin of human glioblastoma (GBM) genesis are known to be dedifferentiation of cancer cells and orthodox differentiation of cancer stem cells. However, little is known about whether the direction of the human GBM genesis begins at the site of the tumor or at the subventricular zone (SVZ) where normal neural stem cells (NSCs) are present. Here, we describe direct molecular genetic evidence from patient brain tissue and genome-edited mouse models that show astrocyte-like NSCs in the SVZ to be the cell of origin that harbors the driver mutations of human GBM. First, we performed deep sequencing of triple-matched tissues, consisting of i) normal SVZ tissue away from the tumor mass, ii) tumor tissue, and iii) normal cortical tissue (or blood), from 28 patients with GBM, isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild type (IDH-wildtype) or other types of brain tumors. In doing so, we found that normal SVZ tissue away from the tumor in 56.3% of GBM IDH-wildtype patients contained low-level GBM driver mutations (down to ~1% of the mutational burden) that were observed at high levels in their matching tumors. Moreover, via single cell sequencing and laser microdissection analysis of patient brain tissue and genome editing of a mouse model, we discovered that astrocyte-like NSCs carrying driver mutations migrate from the SVZ and lead to the development of high-grade malignant gliomas in distant brain regions. Altogether, our results highlight NSCs in human SVZ tissue as the cell of origin that harbors the driver mutations of GBM. In addition, the origin of human glioblastoma is not the location of the tumor but the subventricular zone.
Circulating L-selectin levels and endothelial CD34 expression in inflammatory bowel disease (1998)

A disease-specific regulation of CD34 was not found as an explanation for the distinction in sL-selectin regulation. In the light of recent reports on low sL-selectin in other diseases, it is suggested instead that ongoing neutrophil activation may be the reason for low sL-selectin concentrations during quiescent disease stages, whereas chemokine secretion could explain the increased levels of sL-selectin associated with severe disease activity.
Production of hyperfragments from interactions of 800-MeV/c K- mesons (1962)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
A Three-Gun Shadow-Mask Color Kinescope (1951)

A three-gun shadow-mask color kinescope is described as well as construction techniques. The beams, from three guns mounted together in a 2-inch diameter neck, are deflected by a single deflection yoke. The guns are pointed so that the electron beams converge to a spot on a thin, perforated metal sheet that acts as a mask and is located a short distance away from a viewing screen composed of many phosphor dots. Associated with each hole in the mask is a trio of phosphor dots capable of emitting the three primary colors, red, blue, and green. The dots are so placed that each electron beam as it scans can "see" only one dot of the trio. Each of the three beams is thus capable of exciting one color only, and when all three beams áre modulated with the appropriate primary color information, a picture in full color can be reproduced. An apparatus called the "lighthouse" is used to record the locations of the phosphor dots on a photographic plate placed behind the mask and in the plane of the phosphor screen. A point source of light, at the position from which the deflection of one of the beams appears to take place, is used to simulate the electron beam in recording the phosphor dot positions. The pattern for one color of phosphor is the same as for the other two colors, and the geometry of the hole system in the mask is such that the three phosphor patterns nest together perfectly.
La théorie générale des couches minces (1950)

Pas de Résumé disponible
Liposomal tobramycin against pulmonary infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a pharmacokinetic and efficacy study following single and multiple intratracheal administrations in rats (2003)

The liposomal formulation of tobramycin promoted drug retention in lungs and improved its efficacy after multiple treatments.
Machine learning based real-time activity detection system design (2017)

Identification of human activities is a popular pattern recognition problem. In order to solve this problem, solutions based on machine learning are popularly used. Solutions based on the principle of collecting and processing classified data from one person are often used for non-real-time solutions. In this study, a system design is presented in which real time processing of the received acceleration data is performed using a mobile device, and a hardware three-axis accelerometer and the daily movement of the person is detected through different classification methods. Besides, pre-processing is carried out in the training clusters, enabling the system to respond in real time. The open source WISDM (Wireless Sensor Data Mining) dataset is used for classification in system design. The WISDM data set has a continuous-time data set and a discrete-time version of the data set. In this study, the continuous time data was handled again and some modifications were made to the data set and the discretization process was performed. In this respect, the classification performance for the J48 classification algorithm increased from 85.05% to 89.80%, and the performance in the data set for MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) increased from 84.94% to 93.08%. Furthermore, in the system obtained by using the obtained dataset, real-time usage result is taken as 70% performance. Reasons for the success difference between real time system and data set are discussed and solution proposal is presented.
Thyroid defects due to Pax8 gene mutations (1998)

Journal Article Thyroid defects due to Pax8 gene mutations Get access G Damante G Damante Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 1, 33100 Udine, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar European Journal of Endocrinology, Volume 139, Issue 6, Dec 1998, Pages 563–566, https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1390563 Published: 01 December 1998 Article history Received: 29 September 1998 Accepted: 29 September 1998 Published: 01 December 1998
Packing of Hydrocarbon Chains and Symmetry of Condensed Phases in Langmuir Monolayers (1998)

We compare the packing characteristics of alkyl chains in Langmuir monolayers of nonchiral and racemic compounds as determined from available grazing incidence X-ray diffraction data. The analysis demonstrates a gradual change of the projected unit cell dimensions from those of a hexagonal packing of hydrocarbon chains, characteristic of high-temperature monolayer phases, to one of two more dense rectangular packing modes with the projected unit cell dimensions 5.0 × 7.5 Å2 and 4.4 × 8.7 Å2, characteristic of low-temperature phases. The 5.0 × 7.5 Å2 unit cell incorporates the well-known herringbone arrangement, with an ideally 90° dihedral angle between the planes of carbon backbone chains. The 4.4 × 8.7 Å2 cell, almost never observed in 3D structures, is characterized by a 40° dihedral angle. We characterize the packing modes by lattice energy calculations. The distribution of the projected unit cell dimensions for the various Langmuir monolayers reveals no discontinuity in the local molecular order between crystalline phases and mesophases. The local symmetry of the molecular packing, as determined from the X-ray data, is compared with the symmetry deduced from the Landau theory of phase transitions. The symmetry of the local order in the mesophases is not maintained on the long-range length scale. We show that two phases of the same local molecular arrangement, a herringbone-ordered two-dimensional crystal and the corresponding one-dimensional mesophase, possess mutually orthogonal directions of glide symmetry.
Cortical Negative DC Deflections following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and KCl-Induced Spreading Depression: Effect on Blood Flow, Tissue Oxygenation, and Electroencephalogram (1994)

In the periphery of ischemic brain lesions, transient spreading depression-like direct current (DC) deflections occur that may be of pathophysiological importance for determining the volume of the ischemic infarct. The effect of these deflections on cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygen tension, and electrophysiology was studied in rats submitted to intraluminal thread occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and compared with the changes following potassium chloride (KCl)-induced spreading depression of intact animals. Immediately after MCA occlusion, cortical laser-Doppler flow (LDF) in the periphery of the MCA territory sharply decreased to 35 +/- 14% of control (mean +/- SD; p < 0.05), tissue PO2 declined from 28 +/- 4 to 21 +/- 3 mm Hg (p < 0.05), and EEG power fell to approximately 80% of control. During 7-h occlusion, 3-11 DC deflections with a mean duration of 5.2 +/- 4.8 min occurred at irregular intervals, and EEG power gradually declined to 66 +/- 16% of control (p < 0.05). During the passage of DC deflections, LDF did not change, but PO2 further declined to 19 +/- 4 mm Hg (p < 0.05). KCl-induced depolarizations of intact rats were significantly shorter (1.4 +/- 0.5 min; p < 0.05) and were accompanied by a 43% increase in LDF (p < 0.05) and a slight but significant increase in tissue PO2 from 22 +/- 4 to 25 +/- 4 mm Hg (p < 0.05). The comparison of periinfarct and KCl-induced depolarizations demonstrates that oxygen requirements are not coupled to an appropriate flow response in the periinfarct zone with severely reduced blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
INCREASED MORTALITY IN AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS DUE TO LYMPHATIC AND HEMATOPOIETIC MALIGNANCIES (1988)

To search for potentially carcinogenic effects of electromagnetic field exposures, the author conducted a population-based study of mortality in US amateur radio operators. Ascertainment of Washington State and California amateur radio operators (67,829 persons) was done through the 1984 US Federal Communications Commission Amateur Radio Station and/or Operator License file. A total of 2,485 deaths were located for the period from January 1, 1979 through December 31, 1984, in a population of amateur radio operators which accumulated 232,499 person-years at risk. The all-cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 71, but a statistically significant increased mortality was seen for cancers of the other lymphatic tissues (SMR = 162), a rubric which includes multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The all-leukemia standardized mortality ratio was slightly, but nonsignificantly, elevated (SMR = 124). However, mortality due to acute myeloid leukemia was significantly elevated (SMR = 176).
Biosensors based on electrochemical lactate detection: A comprehensive review (2015)

Lactate detection plays a significant role in healthcare, food industries and is specially necessitated in conditions like hemorrhage, respiratory failure, hepatic disease, sepsis and tissue hypoxia. Conventional methods for lactate determination are not accurate and fast so this accelerated the need of sensitive biosensors for high-throughput screening of lactate in different samples. This review focuses on applications and developments of various electrochemical biosensors based on lactate detection as lactate being essential metabolite in anaerobic metabolic pathway. A comparative study to summarize the L-lactate biosensors on the basis of different analytical properties in terms of fabrication, sensitivity, detection limit, linearity, response time and storage stability has been done. It also addresses the merits and demerits of current enzyme based lactate biosensors. Lactate biosensors are of two main types - lactate oxidase (LOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) based. Different supports tried for manufacturing lactate biosensors include membranes, polymeric matrices-conducting or non-conducting, transparent gel matrix, hydrogel supports, screen printed electrodes and nanoparticles. All the examples in these support categories have been aptly discussed. Finally this review encompasses the conclusion and future emerging prospects of lactate sensors.
The Nature of Shales and the Dynamics of Hydrocarbon Expulsion in the Gulf Coast Tertiary Section<xref rid="ch01fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref> (1980)

The subject of petroleum migration is central to all thinking about origin and accumulation. No expert on any aspect of petroleum geology can afford to disregard it. It is an invisible target with no real-time observations of the actual movement of oil or gas under natural conditions at depth. Therefore, concepts and models have been devised to represent interpretation of certain evidence, but all based on conjecture rather than actual proof. This publication discusses some of those concepts and models, such as: agents for primary hydrocarbon migration; mass balance and geological constraints on migration mechanisums, chemical and physical contraints on oil and gas migration, the role of geopressure in hydrocarbon systems, and the design and function of oil and gas traps.
Proteomic Analysis and Discovery Using Affinity Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Antibody-based microarrays are a rapidly evolving affinity-proteomic methodology that recently has shown great promise in clinical applications. The resolution of these proteomic analyses is, however, directly related to the number of data-points, i.e. antibodies, included on the array. Currently, this is a key bottleneck because of limited availability of numerous highly characterized antibodies. Here, we present a conceptually new method, denoted global proteome survey, opening up the possibility to probe any proteome in a species-independent manner while still using a limited set of antibodies. We use context-independent-motif-specific antibodies directed against short amino acid motifs, where each motif is present in up to a few hundred different proteins. First, the digested proteome is exposed to these antibodies, whereby motif-containing peptides are enriched, which then are detected and identified by mass spectrometry. In this study, we profiled extracts from human colon tissue, yeast cells lysate, and mouse liver tissue to demonstrate proof-of-concept.
Bayesian Approaches to Distribution Regression (2017)

Distribution regression has recently attracted much interest as a generic solution to the problem of supervised learning where labels are available at the group level, rather than at the individual level. Current approaches, however, do not propagate the uncertainty in observations due to sampling variability in the groups. This effectively assumes that small and large groups are estimated equally well, and should have equal weight in the final regression. We account for this uncertainty with a Bayesian distribution regression formalism, improving the robustness and performance of the model when group sizes vary. We frame our models in a neural network style, allowing for simple MAP inference using backpropagation to learn the parameters, as well as MCMC-based inference which can fully propagate uncertainty. We demonstrate our approach on illustrative toy datasets, as well as on a challenging problem of predicting age from images.
Clinical impact of rapid in vitro susceptibility testing and bacterial identification (1994)

During the past decade, a variety of instrument-assisted bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test systems have been developed which permit provision of test results in a matter of hours rather than days, as has been the case with traditional overnight procedures. These newer rapid techniques are much more expensive than older methods. It has been presumed but not proven that the clinical benefits of rapid testing to patients with infection offset the added cost. The intent of this study was to objectively define the clinical impact of rapid bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A 1-year study was performed in which infected, hospitalized patients in a tertiary-care, teaching, medical center were randomly assigned to one of two groups: patients for whom identification and susceptibility testing was performed by using a semi-automated, rapid, same-day procedure and those for whom testing was accomplished by using traditional overnight techniques. The two groups were compared with respect to numerous demographic descriptors, and then patients were monitored prospectively through the end of their hospitalization with the aim of determining whether there existed objectively defineable differences in management and outcome between the two groups. The mean lengths of time to provision of susceptibility and identification test results in the rapid test group were 11.3 and 9.6 h, respectively. In the overnight test group, these values were 19.6 and 25.9 h, respectively (P < 0.0005). There were 273 evaluable patients in the first group and 300 in the second group. Other than the length of time required to provide susceptibility and identification test results, no significant differences were noted between the two groups with respect to > 100 demographic descriptors. With regard to measures of outcome, the mean lengths of hospitalization were also the same in both groups. Mortality rates were however, lower in the rapid test group (i.e., 8.8% versus 15.3%). Similarly, statistically significantly fewer laboratory studies, imaging procedures, days of intubation, and days in an intensive or intermediate-care area were observed with patients in the rapid test group. Rapid testing was also associated with significantly shortened lengths of elapsed time prior to alterations in antimicrobial therapy. Lastly, patient costs for hospitalization were significantly lower in the rapid test group. The results of this study indicate the rapid same-day bacterial identification and susceptibility testing in the microbiology laboratory can have a major impact on the care and outcome of hospitalized patients with infection.