gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moderate frequency compression for the moderately hearing impaired (1977)

The intelligibility of frequency-compressed speech was measured for four normal and eight hearing-impaired subjects with sensory-neural high-frequency loss. Hearing levels were roughly 40 dB. Four conditions of frequency compression, 0%, 20%, 33%, and 55% were obtained using a Varispeech compressor. The test materials were PB-50 word lists recorded by one male and one female speaker. The effect of frequency compression was to reduce intelligibility in all cases except one, that of the female speaker at 20% frequency compression. For this case, the hearing-impaired listeners showed a small average improvement. Although the effect was small, it represents one of the few instances when an experimental evaluation of a frequency-compression system has yielded positive results with the hearing impaired. i
Variability of transmitter quanta released during incorporation of a false transmitter into cholinergic nerve terminals (1978)

1. Electrophysiological techniques have been used to investigate the variability of quanta released during various stages of the incorporation of acetylmonoethylcholine (AMECh) into the transmitter store at the neuromuscular junction.2. Stimulation of the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation at 3 Hz for 15-25 min reduced the time constant of decay tau(m.e.p.c.) of miniature end-plate currents from 1.61 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- S.E. of mean) msec to 1.32 +/- 0.09 msec; this represents 45% replacement of acetylcholine (ACh) by AMECh. Total replacement of ACh was achieved by a further 30-60 min stimulation which reduced tau(m.e.p.c.) to 0.93 +/- 0.06-msec.3. At the intermediate stage of exchange, the coefficient of variation c.v.(tau) of tau(m.e.p.c.) increased from the control value of 0.094 +/- 0.005 to 0.154 +/- 0.012. The latter value was less than the value (0.29) calculated for two distinct populations of quanta (i.e. pure ACh and pure AMECh quanta). Moreover, frequency distribution histograms of tau(m.e.p.c.) did not reveal a bimodal distribution. Total replacement of ACh by AMECh achieved by the second period of stimulation decreased c.v.(tau) towards the control value.4. Pre-incubation of muscles with MECh (to replace any stored choline) or stimulation in the presence of a cholinesterase inhibitor (to prevent ACh destruction and hence re-uptake of choline) did not produce any greater degree of heterogeneity than was seen in the absence of these procedures.5. The increase in c.v.(tau) observed at the intermediate stage of replacement disappeared spontaneously with a half-time of about 1 hr at 20 degrees C.6. These results are discussed in terms of the vesicle hypothesis.
Epitaxial Growth Mechanism for Perovskite Oxide Thin Films under Pulsed Laser Irradiation in Chemical Solution Deposition Process (2008)

We have studied the epitaxial growth of perovskite manganite LaMnO3 (LMO) on SrTiO3(100) and LaAlO3(100) substrates by means of chemical solution deposition assisted by pulsed UV laser irradiation, termed excimer laser-assisted metal organic deposition (ELAMOD). Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that the LMO was crystallized from a coated amorphous LMO matrix by the pulsed laser irradiation, and was preferentially grown from the substrate surface. In this process, the optical absorbance of the substrate for the irradiated laser plays an essential role for starting the epitaxial growth. This indicates a photochemical effect due to the UV laser irradiation; the photochemically activated growth interface strongly enhanced chemical bond formation, leading to epitaxial growth of LMO. The film temperature under the excimer laser irradiation was estimated using theoretical simulations with a one-dimensional heat equation, and it was found to increase to about 1000−1800 °C for 90 ns. The photothermal temperature rise contributes to ion-migration for crystallization, and furthers the rapid epitaxial growth initiated by the photochemical effect. Thus, the photochemical and photothermal effects are considered to assume the roles of initiator and enhancer of epitaxial growth under the laser irradiation in the ELAMOD process.
CONSIDERATIONS AND TECHNIQUES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF NAEP DATA (1988)

ABSTRACT The special characteristics of the National Assessment data which affect the validity of conventional techniques of statistical analysis are considered. In contrast to the assumptions underlying standard methods of statistical analysis, the NAEP samples are obtained via a stratified multi‐stage probability sampling design in which clusters of students are selected and in which certain subpopulations are sampled at a higher rate. The resulting samples have different statistical characteristics from those of a simple random sample. Analytic techniques which take the structure of the data into account are discussed and their properties explored. A second feature of the National Assessment data arises from the fact that multiple matrix sampling techniques are used for the assignment of subsets of the pool of exercises to subsamples of students. National Assessment accounts for the effect of the missing data on its scaling models through the use of multiple imputation procedures; creating vectors of “plausible values” for the scale‐scores. The use of plausible values and their effect on analysis are illustrated. The analyses are illustrated with results from the NAEP assessments of mathematics.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α/γ Dual Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α/γ Dual Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 DiabetesBrad R. HenkeView Author Information Metabolic and Viral Diseases Drug Discovery Research, Five Moore Drive, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 17, 4118–4127Publication Date (Web):July 20, 2004Publication History Received24 December 2003Published online20 July 2004Published inissue 1 August 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm030631ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm030631ereview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1373Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Agonists,Lipids,Peptides and proteins,Receptors,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Relativistic calculations of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:math>excitation energies in the rare-earth metals: Further results (1978)

We report additional results of our relativistic calculations of $4f$ excitation energies in the rare-earth metals: (i) $4f$ binding energies computed for the atomic configurations used as inputs to our band calculations, as well as for the atomic ground states; (ii) band parameters and $4f$ level positions calculated via the renormalized-atom method, with emphasis on the unoccupied $4f$ levels; (iii) values for $U$, the Coulomb interaction energy between two $4f$ electrons at the same metallic site; and (iv) simple estimates of cohesive energies. Comparisons are made with experimental values. In particular, we find that our approach works well for estimating $U$ in metals and insulators. The Appendix contains a discussion of the connection between our calculated parameters and those of the Anderson model (as applied to fluctuating valence systems), including dynamic screening effects.
Guidelines on firewalls and firewall policy (2009)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analysis to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's responsibilities include the development of technical, physical, administrative, and management standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified information in Federal computer systems. This Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL's research, guidance, and outreach efforts in computer security and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations.
DIARSYLS. II. TETRA-ARYLDIARSYLS<sup>1</sup> (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDIARSYLS. II. TETRA-ARYLDIARSYLS1F. F. Blicke, O. J. Weinkauff, and G. W. HargreavesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 2, 780–786Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01365a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01365a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microwave Regeneration of Activated Carbon Used for Removal of Solvents from Vented Air (2000)

A microwave regeneration of activated carbon used to remove organic solvents from vented air has been investigated. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone, and tetrachloroethylene (TCE) vapors were removed from vented air through adsorption onto granular activated carbon. The saturated carbon was then regenerated in a microwave field, where the solvent was quickly desorbed and recovered from the inner pores of the carbon granules. The microwave-induced regeneration restored the original adsorption capacity and surface area of the activated carbon.
A reversible fluorescence nanoswitch based on bifunctional reduced graphene oxide: use for detection of Hg2+ and molecular logic gate operation (2011)

Herein, we demonstrate the first use of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-organic dye nanoswitch for the label-free, sensitive and selective detection of Hg(2+) using bifunctional rGO as an effective nanoquencher and highly selective nanosorbent. Moreover, a reversible on-off INHIBIT rGO logic gate based on a cysteine-Hg(2+) system has also been designed.
Achromatic linear polarization rotator using twisted nematic liquid crystals (2000)

In this letter, we propose a simple configuration that is capable of rotating a linear polarization state of light by a certain angle for a wide range of wavelengths. The device consists of three liquid-crystal cells: two homogeneous cells and one twisted nematic (TN) cell. It is well known that a thick TN cell can rotate the linear polarization state of light by following the twisted structure. However, for a thin TN cell, achromatic polarization rotation is not possible. By the use of the Poincaré sphere model of the TN structure, we demonstrate that if one thin homogeneous cell is placed before and another one is placed after a thin TN structure, then a linear polarization state can be transformed close to the eigenmodes of TN. Therefore, this structure can be used to achieve the achromatic polarization rotation. This letter provides a detailed discussion of the theoretical analysis and a demonstration of the achromatic linear polarization rotator by the use of a 1.9 μm TN cell for the wavelength range 450–700 nm.
An Efficient Platform for the Automatic Extraction of Patterns in Native Code (2017)

Different software tools, such as decompilers, code quality analyzers, recognizers of packed executable files, authorship analyzers, and malware detectors, search for patterns in binary code. The use of machine learning algorithms, trained with programs taken from the huge number of applications in the existing open source code repositories, allows finding patterns not detected with the manual approach. To this end, we have created a versatile platform for the automatic extraction of patterns from native code, capable of processing big binary files. Its implementation has been parallelized, providing important runtime performance benefits for multicore architectures. Compared to the single-processor execution, the average performance improvement obtained with the best configuration is 3.5 factors over the maximum theoretical gain of 4 factors.
Multiplex Biosensor Using Gold Nanorods (2006)

Gold nanorods (GNRs) with different aspect ratios were fabricated through seed-mediated growth and surface activation by alkanethiols for the attachment of antibodies to yield gold nanorod molecular probes (GNrMPs). Multiplex sensing was demonstrated by the distinct response of the plasmon spectra of the GNrMPs to binding events of three targets (goat anti-human IgG1 Fab, rabbit anti-mouse IgG1 Fab, rabbit anti-sheep IgG (H+L)). Plasmonic sensors are highly specific and sensitive and can be used to monitor refractive index changes caused by molecular interactions in their immediate vicinity with potential to achieve single-particle biosensing. This technique can play a key role in developing novel optical biosensors for both in vivo and in vitro detection and single-receptor kinetics.
In Vitro Propagation of Periwinkle (1985)

Abstract Single node explants from in vitro derived shoots of Vinca minor L. ‘Bowlesii’ were cultured on modified woody plant medium (WPM). A more effective promoter of axillary shoot proliferation was 6-benzylamino purine (BA) than 6-furfurylamino purine (kinetin) or 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP). Maximum production of shoots 5 mm and longer occurred in a medium containing 64 μm BA and 0.1 μm α naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), whereas 64 μm BA and 1.0 μm NAA produced the most shoots 10 mm and longer. Proliferated shoots were rooted and established in a soilless medium under high humidity.
Establishment of a New Sensitive Assay for Anti-Human Aquaporin-4 Antibody in Neuromyelitis Optica (2006)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a devastating neurologic disease characterized by severe optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Recently, its disease-specific serum autoantibody, NMO-IgG, was discovered with indirect immunofluorescence. However, the substrates of the immunofluorescence assay were not human but mouse brain tissues, which could influence the sensitivity and specificity of the antibody. The target antigen of NMO-IgG was recently identified as aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel protein, which is mainly expressed in brain and spinal cord. In the present study, we have established human cell lines that stably express human AQP4 and used these cells to detect and titrate anti-AQP4 antibody present in the sera of patients with NMO by immunofluorescence assay. The results were compared with those of the original NMO-IgG assay. We tested the sera from 10 patients with NMO, 10 with MS and five with other neurological disorders. Among the patients with NMO, six were NMO-IgG-positive. However, using the new anti-AQP4 antibody assay, we showed that eight patients with NMO including the six NMO-IgG-positives were positive for anti-AQP4 antibody. The staining pattern of AQP4-expressing cells treated with each serum of these eight NMO patients corresponded to that with a commercially available anti-AQP4 antibody. The antibody titer (maximum serum dilution for positive staining) ranged from 64x to 16,384x. The serum dilution titers were reproducible in blinded studies. In contrast, the patients with MS or other neurological disorders showed negative for anti-AQP4 antibody. Thus, the newly developed anti-AQP4 antibody assay appears to have a higher sensitivity for NMO than the original NMO-IgG assay and is expected to be useful for the diagnosis of NMO.
Towards authentic measures of program comprehension. (2003)

This paper describes an analysis scheme which was developed to probe the comprehension of computer programming languages by students learning to program. The scheme operates on free-form program summaries, i.e. textual descriptions of a program which are produced in response to minimal instructions by the researcher/experimenter. The scheme has been applied to descriptions of programs written in various languages, and it is felt that the scheme has the potential to be applied to languages of markedly different types (e.g. procedural, objectoriented, event-driven). The paper first discusses the basis for the scheme, before describing the scheme in detail. It then presents examples of the scheme’s application, and concludes with a discussion of some open issues.
Effect of Vitamin B12-Enriched Thraustochytrids on the Population Growth of Rotifers (2007)

Newly isolated thraustochytrids showed uptake of vitamin B12 from the culture into the cells. Cultivation of thraustochytrids in a medium containing 1 microg/ml of vitamin B12 greatly increased the contents of vitamin B12 in the cells. Similarly to Schizochytrium limacinum, odd numbered fatty acids decreased in the cells of new isolates cultivated with vitamin B12. Vitamin B12-enriched thraustochytrids, strain mh0186, enhanced the population growth of rotifers fed on the cells as sole feed.
Heterogeneous Fusion of Video, LIDAR and ESP Data for Automotive ACC Vehicle Tracking (2006)

This contribution introduces an approach to cross-calibrate automotive vision and ranging sensors. The resulting sensor alignment allows the incorporation of multiple sensor data into a common detection framework. Exemplarily, we show how a realtime vehicle detection system, intended for emergency breaking or ACC applications, benefits from the low level fusion of multibeam lidar and vision sensor measurements in discrimination performance and computational complexity. The following tracking stage estimates the position and velocities of targets to permit distance control, time to collision measurements and further situation analysis
Malignant Pituitary Adenoma (1974)

Malignant pituitary adenomas are extremely rare and comprise less than 5% of all pituitary tumors. A 65-year-old woman had rapid loss of vision and a chiasmal syndrome. Investigation revealed panhypopituitarism, and hyperostosis of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and x-ray film evidence suggested a tuberculum sella meningioma. When a craniotomy was performed, a pituitary adenoma was found. The patient's death one month later was caused by an abnormal antidiuretic hormone (ADH) syndrome and pulmonary emboli. Pathological examination revealed an invasive pituitary adenoma, involving the optic nerves and cavernous sinus. The hyperostosis seemed to correlate well with the tumor infiltration. There were, however, no clinical or radiological findings that were diagnostic of malignant pituitary adenomas. The diagnosis of malignant adenomas should be considered when visual loss is rapid or when there are signs of extension into the cavernous sinus.
An investigation of a molybdenum gate for submicrometer CMOS (1988)

Processing issues including Mo deposition, gate etching, ion implant channeling, and integration of a Mo gate with high-temperature processing are discussed. Methods for addressing these issues are described. A 0.8- mu n Mo-gate CMOS process incorporating these methods has been developed. Submicrometer Mo-gate NMOS and PMOS devices and 0.8- mu m CMOS ring oscillator results are presented. The high performance of these devices and circuits demonstrates the potential of a Mo gate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
TERA: Self-Supervised Learning of Transformer Encoder Representation for Speech (2021)

We introduce a self-supervised speech pre-training method called TERA, which stands for Transformer Encoder Representations from Alteration. Recent approaches often learn by using a single auxiliary task like contrastive prediction, autoregressive prediction, or masked reconstruction. Unlike previous methods, we use alteration along three orthogonal axes to pre-train Transformer Encoders on a large amount of unlabeled speech. The model learns through the reconstruction of acoustic frames from their altered counterpart, where we use a stochastic policy to alter along various dimensions: time, frequency, and magnitude. TERA can be used for speech representations extraction or fine-tuning with downstream models. We evaluate TERA on several downstream tasks, including phoneme classification, keyword spotting, speaker recognition, and speech recognition. We present a large-scale comparison of various self-supervised models. TERA achieves strong performance in the comparison by improving upon surface features and outperforming previous models. In our experiments, we study the effect of applying different alteration techniques, pre-training on more data, and pre-training on various features. We analyze different model sizes and find that smaller models are strong representation learners than larger models, while larger models are more effective for downstream fine-tuning than smaller models. Furthermore, we show the proposed method is transferable to downstream datasets not used in pre-training.
Fundamental Physics with Slow Neutrons (2015)

A neutron beamline for the study of the fundamental physics has been constructed at the spallation neutron source of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). In-flight measurement of the neutron lifetime and the preparation for the study of T-violation using neutrons is in progress. Present status of the beamline and present activities are reported.