gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equipment to estimate the quantity of excavated material with energetic methods, in open pits (2006)

The quantity of excavated material should be known to supervise the coal production and economic efficiency on each excavator. The debit calculating algorithm consists of mathematic formulas having as calculating parameters, the values measured in the technological process and specific technological constants. The instantaneous quantity displaying in the digging-man's cab allows the supervising of the conveyer loading, elimination of unproductive time, and determination of economic efficiency. The system bases on intelligent transducers, control and acquisition equipments
<title>Superresolution precision direction-finding techniques and measurements</title> (1995)

An improved optical technique for electrical phase measurement has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory under ARPA sponsorship. The approach has been demonstrated in an rf interferometer application and its performance evaluated under condition of direct rf injection and free-space irradiation. Test results indicate high-accuracy angle of arrival and low probability of ambiguity was achieved. This paper describes the phase measurement concept, implementation into the NRL Precision Direction Finding Receiver brassboard unit, calibration techniques, automated test software, and measurement results.
How the use of stratigraphic coordinates improves grade estimation (2015)

Some mineral deposits show mineralization along layers. These layers may pass through several subsequent geological events such as folding and/or severe erosional processes. Grades within these deposits tend to be correlated along orientations where the mineralization was originally deposited or along the same geological period (stratigraphic level). Consequently, some locations close to each other in terms of geographical coordinates can show uncorrelated grades. Spatial continuity analysis can also be affected by error inflicted by combining samples from different stratigraphic levels. This article uses the coordinate transformation (unfolding) to align the grades measured along the same stratigraphic level. The modification in coordinates improved the spatial continuity modeling and the grade estimates at non-sampled locations. The results showed that the mean of the relative error between the estimated value and the real value of the samples using unfolding is -0.10%. However, when using the original coordinates, the mean of the relative error is -0.65%. Furthermore, the correlation between the real and estimated value using crossvalidation is greater using stratigraphic coordinates. A complete case study in a manganese deposit illustrates the methodology.
Histamine and serotonin released from the rat perfused heart by compound 48/80 or by allergen challenge influence noradrenaline or acetylcholine exocytotic release (1994)

Terminal nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system closely approach mast cells in peripheral organs, and mutual influences between release of neurotransmitters or mast cell mediators may cause neuro-immunological interactions. We have studied the influence of mast cell degranulation on the release of endogenous noradrenaline and newly incorporated acetylcholine (such as 14C-choline/acetylcholine overflow) evoked by stimulation of extrinsic postganglionic sympathetic or preganglionic vagal nerves in the rat Langendorff heart perfused with Tyrode solution. Compound 48/80 perfused in normal hearts, or ovalbumin infused into hearts from rats sensitized to ovalbumin, enhanced the overflow of endogenous histamine and serotonin. Both stimuli increased the release of mediators to a similar extent and with fast kinetics. Maximum average concentrations in the perfusate of histamine were about 800 nmol/l, and of serotonin 40 nmol/l, in a sample collected within 4 min after mast cell degranulation. Stimulation of autonomic nerves did not affect basal histamine or serotonin overflow. Whereas basal overflows were unaffected, the stimulation-evoked releases of both noradrenaline and acetylcholine, were facilitated when compound 48/80 was perfused before and during nerve stimulation. The facilitation of noradrenaline overflow was more pronounced (by 60%) when compound 48/80-induced mediator overflow started 4 min before nerve stimulation as compared to 30 s (15%), and was reduced by cocaine (by 50%), and, in the presence of cocaine, abolished by cimetidine (but was unaffected by mepyramine and thioperamide) and NG-nitro-(L)-(-)-arginine. In the presence of cimetidine and cocaine, when the facilitatory components were abolished, the evoked noradrenaline overflow observed 30 s after the start of infusion of compound 48/80 was inhibited, and the inhibition was partly reduced by methiotepin and ketanserin. Ovalbumin infusion in hearts from sensitized animals caused an inhibition of evoked noradrenaline overflow sensitive to methiotepin and also partly to ketanserin, and no facilitation was observed. The facilitation (> 100%) of evoked overflow of acetylcholine observed at 4 min after the start of perfusion with compound 48/80 was partly reduced by thioperamide (but not mepyramine or cimetidine) and to a comparable extent either by tropisetron (3 mumol/l) alone or by tropisetron plus methiotepin. In conclusion, degranulation of immunological cells is followed by histamine and serotonin release in the rat heart and may affect the release of autonomic neurotransmitters in rather unusual ways, by i) an uptake1-dependent and ii) an H2-mediated facilitation which probably involves nitric oxide as a permissive mediator, and iii) a serotonergic inhibition, of noradrenaline release, and iv) an H3- and serotonergic facilitation of acetylcholine release.
A zwitterionic gel electrolyte for efficient solid-state supercapacitors (2016)

Gel electrolytes have attracted increasing attention for solid-state supercapacitors. An ideal gel electrolyte usually requires a combination of advantages of high ion migration rate, reasonable mechanical strength and robust water retention ability at the solid state for ensuring excellent work durability. Here we report a zwitterionic gel electrolyte that successfully brings the synergic advantages of robust water retention ability and ion migration channels, manifesting in superior electrochemical performance. When applying the zwitterionic gel electrolyte, our graphene-based solid-state supercapacitor reaches a volume capacitance of 300.8 F cm(-3) at 0.8 A cm(-3) with a rate capacity of only 14.9% capacitance loss as the current density increases from 0.8 to 20 A cm(-3), representing the best value among the previously reported graphene-based solid-state supercapacitors, to the best of our knowledge. We anticipate that zwitterionic gel electrolyte may be developed as a gel electrolyte in solid-state supercapacitors.
Fluid secretion by single isolated Malpighian tubules of the house cricket, <i>Acheta domesticus</i> , and their response to diuretic hormone (1988)

ABSTRACT. A simple modification of the Ramsay method is described for the isolation in vitro of Malpighian tubules from Acheta domesticus. Isolated tubules continue to secrete for many hours in a simple Ringer solution. The rate of secretion is linearly related to the length of tubule within the bathing fluid. Secretion rates during the immediate post‐equilibration period relate to the physiological state of the donor insect. Highest rates are recorded in tubules removed from animals during the scotophase when the crickets are most actively feeding. Starvation reduces the rate of secretion and when previously starved insects are given access to food the rate increases. These results are consistent with variations in the haemolymph titre of DH that are induced by feeding. Tubule fluid secretion is stimulated by either CC extract (1 gland pair/50 μ1) or dibutyryl cAMP (10 ‐3 M). CC extracts increase the rate of fluid secretion by c. 200 pl/mm/min for up to 6 h after the tubules have been isolated. The response varies little with the age or physiological state of the donor insect. However, tubules from newly moulted insects secrete at very low rates and respond poorly to CC extract, although they are stimulated by cAMP. The significance of these results is discussed with particular reference to the use of Acheta tubules as a bioassay preparation for DH.
Principles and Analysis of AlGaAs/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (1996)

Introduction. Abrupt AlGaAs/GaAs HBT. Collector and Base Current in Abrupt HBT. Cutoff Frequency. Avalanche Multiplication Characteristics. Enhanced Structures, Base Grading, Setback Layer, and Graded Layer. Combined Effect of Setback and Graded Layers. Thermal Effect in AlGaAs/GaAs HBT. Self-Heating and Thermal Coupling Effects in Multiple-Emitter Finger HBT. Thermal-Avalanche Interacting Behavior. Base and Collector Leakage Currents. Leakage Currents at the Emitter-Base, Base-Collector, and Collector-Subcollector Peripheries, and the Subcollector-Substrate Interface. Base and Collector Currents Including Normal and Leakage Components. Leakage Current Characteristics in Post-Burn. Noise and High-Frequency Noise Characteristics. Overview of 1/F, Burst, and Shot Noise. Numerical Simulation. Overview of Two-Dimensional Device Simulator MEDICI. Effects of Graded Layer, Setback Layer, and Self-Heating. Effects of Different Base and Collector Structures.
Special considerations in insomnia diagnosis and management: depressed, elderly, and chronic pain populations. (2004)

Patients with insomnia who also have chronic pain or depression or who are elderly represent segments of the population that are particularly difficult to treat. These populations tend to be at higher risk for experiencing difficulty sleeping and are more likely to experience chronic insomnia, sleep maintenance problems, and/or nonrestorative sleep. Worsening insomnia may exacerbate other somatic and psychological symptoms and vice versa. Conversely, there is evidence that appropriate recognition and management of the sleep complaint may alleviate other symptoms related to the associated condition and help interrupt this vicious cycle.
Electro-optic Ti:PPLN waveguide as efficient optical wavelength filter and polarization mode converter (2007)

We report the first experimental demonstration of electrically controlled Solc-type optical wavelength filters and TE-TM mode converters based on Ti-diffused periodically poled lithium niobate (Ti:PPLN) waveguides. A maximum mode conversion efficiency or a peak spectral transmittance of ~99% in the telecom C-L bands was obtained from a 9-mm long, 21.5-21.8-mum multiple-grating Ti:PPLN waveguide device with a switching voltage of as low as 22 V or 0.99 Vxd(mum)/L(cm), where d is the electrode separation and L is the electrode length. The spectral range of this device can be tuned by temperature at a rate of ~0.758 nm/ degrees C.
Deoiling and Regeneration Efficiencies of Spent Bleaching Clay (2010)

Problem statement: Disposal and reuse of Spent Bleaching Clay (SBC) from palm oil processing industry is a problem of growing importance. The residual oil in the SBC can be recovered using hexane as solvent. Approach: In this study, the effect of different solid to solvent ratio on the deoiling efficiency of SBC samples from palm oil refinery and palm kernel refinery were studied. The amount of extracted oil and deoiling efficiency for both types of SBC increases as the solid to solvent ratio is decreased. Results: All the extracted oils, irrespective of the amount of solvent used, have poorer quality than crude oil and may be difficult to be refined to good quality and stability.
Coenzyme Q10 and exercise training in chronic heart failure (2006)

Oral CoQ(10) improves functional capacity, endothelial function, and LV contractility in CHF without any side effects. The combination of CoQ(10) and ET resulted in higher plasma CoQ(10) levels and more pronounced effects on all the abovementioned parameters. However, significant synergistic effect of CoQ(10) with ET was observed only for peak SWTI suggesting that ET amplifies the already described effect of CoQ(10) on contractility of dysfunctional myocardium.
Auto-grouping emails for faster e-discovery (2011)

In this paper, we examine the application of various grouping techniques to help improve the efficiency and reduce the costs involved in an electronic discovery process. Specifically, we create coherent groups of email documents which characterize either a syntactic theme, a semantic theme or an email thread. All such grouped documents can be reviewed together leading to a faster and more consistent review of documents. Syntactic grouping of emails is based on near duplicate detection whereas semantic grouping is based on identifying concepts in the email content using information extraction. Email thread detection is achieved using a combination of segmentation and near duplicate detection. We present experimental results on the Enron corpus that suggest that these approaches can significantly reduce the review time and show that high precision and recall in identifying the groups can be achieved. We also describe how these techniques are integrated into the IBM eDiscovery Analyzer product offering.
ITS-90 FORMULATIONS FOR VAPOR PRESSURE, FROSTPOINT TEMPERATURE, DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE, AND ENHANCEMENT FACTORS IN THE RANGE -100 TO +100 C (1998)

With the change in the temperature scale of ITS-90, new temperature dependent equations were required which predict saturation vapor pressure over water and ice, enhancement factor over water and ice, frostpoint temperature, and dewpoint temperature. Internationally recognized formulas based on the previous temperature scale, viewed as self- consistent data sets for vapor pressures and enhancement factors, were chosen as initial defining equations. These formulas, coupled with those defining the temperature difference between the two scales, were used to compute new data sets consistent with the temperature scale of ITS-90. These new data sets were then fitted to equations of the original form, yielding new ITS-90 compatible coefficients to the familiar vapor pressure and enhancement factor equations. In addition, the resulting vapor pressure equations were used to produce a set of inverse approximating equations to yield frostpoint and dewpoint temperatures when the vapor pressure is known. The resulting coefficients, equations, and the conversion methods that produced them are presented.
Secure Hardware-Based Public Cloud Storage (2013)

Abstract: The storage of data on remote systems such as the public cloud opens new challenges in the field of data protection and security of the stored files. One possible solution for meeting these challenges is the encryption of the data at the local device, e.g. desktop, tablet, or smartphone, prior to the data transfer to the remote cloud-based storage. However, this approach bears additional challenges itself, such as secure encryption key management or secure and effective sharing of data in user groups. Including an additional encryption layer and security checks may additionally affect the system’s usability, as higher security requirements and a group sharing workflow increase general overhead through the complete organization of processes. To overcome such issues, we propose a solution which is based on highly secure and attack-resistant hardware-based encryption applied through the use of the Austrian citizen card public key infrastructure. As the citizen card infrastructure is already deployed and available to a wide population, the service overhead and additional requirements of our proposed solution are lower in comparison to other approaches, while at the same time synergistic and networking effects of the deployed infrastructure facilitate its usage and further potentials. 1
Diabetes and bone health: latest evidence and clinical implications (2017)

As the prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, research on some of the lesser-known effects, including impaired bone health, are gaining a lot of attention. The two most common forms of diabetes are type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These two differ in their physiology, with T1DM stemming from an inability to produce insulin, and T2DM involving an insufficient response to the insulin that is produced. This review aims to highlight the most current information regarding diabetes as it relates to bone health. It looks at biochemical changes that characterize diabetic bone; notably increased adiposity, altered bone metabolism, and variations in bone mineral density (BMD). Then several hypotheses are analyzed, concerning how these changes may be detrimental to the highly orchestrated processes that are involved in bone formation and turnover, and ultimately result in the distinguishing features of diabetic bone. The review proceeds by explaining the effects of antidiabetes medications on bone health, then highlighting several ways that diabetes can play a part in other clinical treatment outcomes. With diabetes negatively affecting bone health and creating other clinical problems, and its treatment options potentiating these effects, physicians should consider the use of anti-osteoporotic drugs to supplement standard anti-diabetes medications in patients suffering with diabetic bone loss.
Small particles of fusinite and carbohydrate chars coated with aqueous soluble polymers: Preparation and applications for <i>in Vivo</i> EPR oximetry (1998)

The development of oxygen-sensitive paramagnetic materials is being pursued actively because of their potential applications in in vivo EPR oximetry. Among these materials, several charcoals and carbohydrate chars are of special interest because of their desirable EPR properties: high sensitivity of the EPR linewidth to the partial pressure of oxygen, simple EPR spectra, and high spin density. Their potential use in humans, however, is limited by the need to demonstrate that they will not lead to deleterious effects. A strategy was used to optimize the biocompatibility of the oxygen-sensitive materials by decreasing the size of the particles and coating them with suspending or surfactive agents such as arabic gum, poloxamer (Pluriol 6800), and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The coated particles of a carbohydrate char and fusinite were characterized in vitro for their size, stability, and pO2 sensitivity. The feasibility of performing pO2 measurement was examined in vivo by inducing ischemia in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice. The use of arabic gum for coating the fusinite particles preserved the pO2 sensitivity in vivo, whereas the other surfactive agents led to a loss of the pO2 sensitivity in vivo. Small particles of fusinite coated by arabic gum and intravenously administered to mice accumulated in the liver, whereas the uncoated fusinite was toxic when injected intravenously due to the large size and aggregation of the particles. Histological studies performed up to 6 months after the injection in muscles of mice did not indicate any toxicity from the materials used in the present study.
A Fascination with 1,2-Diacetals (2007)

1,2-Diacetals are readily prepared, rigid structural motifs that provide a wide range of opportunities for applications in natural product assembly. These uses encompass selective 1,2-diol or alpha-hydroxy acid protection, enantiotopic recognition and desymmetrization methods, chiral memory applications, and reactivity control in oligosaccharide synthesis, as well as functioning as templating components, chiral auxiliaries, and building blocks. 1,2-Diacetals are often more stable and lead to products with enhanced crystallinity compared to their five-ring acetonide counterparts. Many 1,2-diacetals have favorable NMR parameters, which facilitate structural assignment, particularly during asymmetric reaction processes.
Total synthesis of (+)-compactin (ML-236B) (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (+)-compactin (ML-236B)Nai Yi Wang, Chi Tung Hsu, and Charles J. SihCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 21, 6538–6539Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00411a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00411a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views586Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Near real-time optimization of fog service placement for responsive edge computing (2020)

Abstract In recent years, computing workloads have shifted from the cloud to the fog, and IoT devices are becoming powerful enough to run containerized services. While the combination of IoT devices and fog computing has many advantages, such as increased efficiency, reduced network traffic and better end user experience, the scale and volatility of the fog and edge also present new problems for service deployment scheduling.Fog and edge networks contain orders of magnitude more devices than cloud data centers, and they are often less stable and slower. Additionally, frequent changes in network topology and the number of connected devices are the norm in edge networks, rather than the exception as in cloud data centers.This article presents a service scheduling algorithm, labeled “Swirly”, for fog and edge networks containing hundreds of thousands of devices, which is capable of incorporating changes in network conditions and connected devices. The theoretical performance is explored, and a model of the behaviour and limits of fog nodes is constructed. An evaluation of Swirly is performed, showing that it is capable of managing service meshes for at least 300.000 devices in near real-time.
Negative Capacitance in BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/BiFeO<sub>3</sub> Bilayer Capacitors (2016)

Negative capacitances provide an approach to reduce heat generations in field-effect transistors during the switch processes, which contributes to further miniaturization of the conventional integrated circuits. Although there are many studies about negative capacitances using ferroelectric materials, the direct observation of stable ferroelectric negative capacitances has rarely been reported. Here, we put forward a dc bias assistant model in bilayer capacitors, where one ferroelectric layer with large dielectric constant and the other ferroelectric layer with small dielectric constant are needed. Negative capacitances can be obtained when external dc bias electric fields are larger than a critical value. Based on the model, BaTiO3/BiFeO3 bilayer capacitors are chosen as study objects, and negative capacitances are observed directly. Additionally, the upward self-polarization effect in the ferroelectric layer reduces the critical electric field, which may provide a method for realizing zero and/or small dc bias assistant negative capacitances.