gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The crystal structure of pea lectin at 3.0-A resolution. (1986)

The structure of pea lectin has been determined to 3.0-A resolution based on multiple isomorphous replacement phasing to 6.0-A resolution and a combination of single isomorphous replacement, anomalous scattering, and density modification to 3.0-A resolution.The pea lectin model has been optimized by re- strained least squares refinement against the data between 7.0-and 3.0-A resolution.The final model at 3.0 A gives an R factor of 0.24 and a root mean square deviation from ideal bond distances of 0.02 A. The two monomers in the asymmetric unit are related by noncrystallographic 2-fold symmetry to form a dimer.Monomers were treated independently in modeling and refinement, but are found to be virtually identical at this resolution.The molecular structure of the pea lectin monomer is very similar to that of concanavalin A, the lectin from the jack bean.Similarities extend from secondary and tertiary structures to the occurrence of a cis-peptide bond and the pattern of coordination of the Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions.Differences between the two lectin structures are confined primarily to the loop regions and to the chain termini, which are different and give rise to the unusual permuted relationship between the pea lectin and concanavalin A protein sequences.Among the variety of carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been isolated from a wide range of sources is a group, including both proteins and glycoproteins, that is distinguished solely by in vitro properties.The proteins in this group, the lectins, share the ability to agglutinate cells or precipitate complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids).Although the lectins are, by definition,
Electromagnetic vector potentials in isotropic non-homogeneous materials: mode equivalence and scalarisation (2003)

Electromagnetic mode equivalence and mode coupling are considered in the context of a time-domain vector potential formalism valid in a non-homogeneous isotropic lossy medium that may contain sources. General expressions for equivalent mode transformations are derived. The necessary conditions for the field scalarisation (known also as TE/TM decomposition) are outlined. A scalarisation technique based on mode equivalence is proposed and the analysis of transient problems in terms of two scalar functions (a vector potential pair of given orientation) is discussed. The scalar wave potential model and the theory of mode equivalence are illustrated through numerical examples. It is shown that the numerical approaches based on the scalar wave potential analysis offer better accuracy and reduced computational load in comparison with approaches based on direct field analysis.
Fluorophore-Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Labeling and Analysis of Engrafting Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2007)

The use of nanometer-sized iron oxide particles combined with molecular imaging techniques enables dynamic studies of homing and trafficking of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Identifying clinically applicable strategies for loading nanoparticles into primitive HSC requires strictly defined culture conditions to maintain viability without inducing terminal differentiation. In the current study, fluorescent molecules were covalently linked to dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Feridex) to characterize human HSC labeling to monitor the engraftment process. Conjugating fluorophores to the dextran coat for fluorescence-activated cell sorting purification eliminated spurious signals from nonsequestered nanoparticle contaminants. A short-term defined incubation strategy was developed that allowed efficient labeling of both quiescent and cycling HSC, with no discernable toxicity in vitro or in vivo. Transplantation of purified primary human cord blood lineage-depleted and CD34(+) cells into immunodeficient mice allowed detection of labeled human HSC in the recipient bones. Flow cytometry was used to precisely quantitate the cell populations that had sequestered the nanoparticles and to follow their fate post-transplantation. Flow cytometry endpoint analysis confirmed the presence of nanoparticle-labeled human stem cells in the marrow. The use of fluorophore-labeled iron oxide nanoparticles for fluorescence imaging in combination with flow cytometry allows evaluation of labeling efficiencies and homing capabilities of defined human HSC subsets.
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF <i>HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS</i> AND RELATED SPECIES<sup>1</sup> (1966)

All the described species and varieties of the genus Haematococcus were available. After isolation in pure culture they were used studying their nutritional requirements. H. buetschlii and H. droebakensis had already been shown by Droop to need vitamin B12 . H. capensis typ., H. capensis var. borealis, and H. zimbabwiensis were found to do so also. The 7 strains of H. pluvialis from various localities investigated showed slight physiological deviations, although morphologically they were so similar that they should not be described as varieties. A dilute inorganic nutrient solution with trace elements and iron kept in solution by EDTA was suitable cither as such or supplemented with growth-promoting compounds. The growth was speeded by low concentrations of acetate and by enhancing photosynthesis. No strain of H. pluvialis absolutely required cobalamin, although it stimulated. Thiamine had a much more pronounced effect; for some strains it was indispensable. Although the response varies slightly from strain to strain, a luxuriant growth for all was obtained only with acetate and B1 , and usually enhanced by B12 . A peculiar feature of H. pluvialis is the catching up of cultures initially retarded by thiamine deficiency (probably due to slow B1 synthesis). When H. pluvialis multiplied fast its appearance differed from that considered typical: no red pigment and the cell wall not inflated. In nature it evidently lives under conditions unfavorable for good growth although suitable for survival in competition with other organisms.
STICKING THINGS TO CARBON NANOTUBES (2001)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSTICKING THINGS TO CARBON NANOTUBESProgress reported in using molecular 'sticky labels' and polymer ribbonsRON DAGANICite this: Chem. Eng. News 2001, 79, 19, 15Publication Date (Print):May 7, 2001Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 7 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v079n019.p015https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n019.p015newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Molecules Get e-Alerts
The Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells: Commitment and Regulation of Adipogenesis (2016)

Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment represents an important compartment of bone that regulates bone homeostasis and the balance between bone formation and bone resorption depending on the physiological needs of the organism. Abnormalities of BM microenvironmental dynamics can lead to metabolic bone diseases. BM stromal cells (also known as skeletal or mesenchymal stem cells) [bone marrow stromal stem cell (BMSC)] are multipotent stem cells located within BM stroma and give rise to osteoblasts and adipocytes. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms of BMSC lineage commitment to adipocytic lineage and regulation of BM adipocyte formation are not fully understood. In this review, we will discuss recent findings pertaining to identification and characterization of adipocyte progenitor cells in BM and the regulation of differentiation into mature adipocytes. We have also emphasized the clinical relevance of these findings.
High-power transmitting valves with thoriated filaments for use in broadcasting (1960)

A major change that has occurred in high-power transmitting valves during the last decade is the introduction of the thoriated tungsten filament or cathode. The paper describes the technology of these cathodes and some of the valve characteristics resulting from the change-over from a pure tungsten cathode. Details are given of the various properties of thoriated tungsten cathodes resulting from the carburization process which is necessary to give stable emission. The performance is given of six typical types of transmitting valves used both in the sound and television services of the B.B.C. These are typical of many other types of large valves with thoriated cathodes which differ only in minor aspects from those described. Detailed performance results are given, together with a study of the economies of thoriated cathodes in practice. In considering the installation of these valves in place of the valves using bright tungsten cathodes, consideration has been given to the economic aspects of installation. Illustrations of the six types of valves described in the paper and survivor curves both for tungsten and thoriated tungsten valves are given, together with the curves showing loss of programme due to valve failure.It seems clear from the results that not only do thoriated tungsten filaments or cathodes give economy in operation, but the lives in many cases are considerably extended.
Compilation of 5S rRNA and 5S rRNA gene sequences (1991)

This is an update for the 5S rRNA sequences of the BERLIN RNA DATABANK last published in 1990 (1). The new entry consists of 25 eubacterial and 2 eukaryotic 5S rRNA sequences and 10 plant 5S rRNA pseudogenes (Table 1). Thus the BERLIN RNA DATABANK contains as of February 1, 1991 the 5S rRNA sequences of 44 archaebacteria, 292 eubacteria, 20 plastids, 6 mitochondria, 321 eukaryotes and 21 eukaryotic pseudogenes. The BERLIN RNA DATABANK uses the format of the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library complemented by a Sequence Alignment (SA) field including secondary structure information.
SOCR <i>Motion Charts:</i> An Efficient, Open-Source, Interactive and Dynamic Applet for Visualizing Longitudinal Multivariate Data (2010)

The amount, complexity and provenance of data have dramatically increased in the past five years. Visualization of observed and simulated data is a critical component of any social, environmental, biomedical or scientific quest. Dynamic, exploratory and interactive visualization of multivariate data, without preprocessing by dimensionality reduction, remains a nearly insurmountable challenge. The Statistics Online Computational Resource (www.SOCR.ucla.edu) provides portable online aids for probability and statistics education, technology-based instruction and statistical computing. We have developed a new Java-based infrastructure, SOCR Motion Charts, for discovery-based exploratory analysis of multivariate data. This interactive data visualization tool enables the visualization of high-dimensional longitudinal data. SOCR Motion Charts allows mapping of ordinal, nominal and quantitative variables onto time, 2D axes, size, colors, glyphs and appearance characteristics, which facilitates the interactive display of multidimensional data. We validated this new visualization paradigm using several publicly available multivariate datasets including Ice-Thickness, Housing Prices, Consumer Price Index, and California Ozone Data. SOCR Motion Charts is designed using object-oriented programming, implemented as a Java Web-applet and is available to the entire community on the web at www.socr.ucla.edu/SOCR_MotionCharts. It can be used as an instructional tool for rendering and interrogating high-dimensional data in the classroom, as well as a research tool for exploratory data analysis.
Remote fabrication of nuclear fuel pellets (1978)

The equipment for remote fabrication of pellet fuels is in various stages of design, testing and evaluation. A pellet gaging system specifically designed to be maintained remotely has been demonstrated and is currently being interfaced with a programmable electro-mechanical manipulator to demonstrate completely automatic and remote disassembly and reassembly of the inspection unit. Pulsed magnetic welding of fuel rod end closures have been demonstrated. The solid-state welding technique allows the use of ultrasonics for weld inspection in place of traditional x-radiography. This welding and inspection method provides an attractive alternative for remote fuel fabrication. A new batch sintering furnace concept based upon aerospace technology is being developed. The furnace will have five to ten times the through-put of conventional batch furnaces and is easier to maintain than the horizontal furnaces in use today. Two high-speed mechanical press concepts (anvil and rotary) are currently being evaluated for remote operation and maintenance. The anvil press is especially attractive for remote fabrication due to its simplicity in set up and die change methods. All pellet fuel fabrication operations will be developed for remote operation and maintenance and representative fabrication rates will be demonstrated.
Root adaptation and nitrogen source acquisition in natural ecosystems (1996)

The capacity for nitrate reduction, as measured by nitrate reductase activity (NRA), was generally low for a range of plant communities in Australia (coastal heathland, rainforest, savanna woodland, monsoon forest, mangrove, open Eucalyptus forest, coral cay open forest) and only a loose relationship existed between NRA and leaf nitrogen concentration. This suggests that nitrate ions are not the sole nitrogen source in these communities. Based on (15)N labeling experiments, we found a range of tree species exhibiting a pronounced preference for uptake of ammonium over nitrate. Analysis of soil solutions from several forest and heathland communities indicated that ammonium ions were more prevalent than nitrate ions and that soluble forms of organic nitrogen (amino acids and protein) were present in concentrations similar to those of mineral nitrogen. To determine the extent to which root adaptations and associations might broaden nitrogen source utilization to include organic nitrogen, we assessed the effects of various nitrogen sources on seedling growth in sterile culture. Non-mycorrhizal seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden and Eucalyptus maculata Hook. grew well on mineral sources of nitrogen, but did not grow on organic sources of nitrogen other than glutamine. Mycorrhizal seedlings grew well on a range of organic nitrogen sources. When offered a mixture of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources at low concentrations, mycorrhizal seedlings derived a significant proportion of their nitrogen budget from organic sources. We also demonstrated that a species of the obligately non-mycorrhizal genus Hakea, a heathland proteaceous shrub possessing cluster roots, had the ability to incorporate (15)N-labeled organic sources (e.g., glycine). We conclude that mycorrhizal associations and root adaptations confer the ability to substantially broaden the nitrogen source base on some plant species.
Enzymatic Estimation of Urinary Steroids. (1956)

A novel method for the sensitive and specific microestimation of steroids has been described. This method depends upon the selective oxidation or reduction of respectively hydroxy- and ketosteroids by highly purified hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of bacterial origin. The method permits the estimation of 3a-hydroxysteroids, 3β-(and 17β-) hydroxysteroids, 3-ketosteroids and 17-ketosteroids.
Structure of the catalytic domain of avian sarcoma virus integrase with a bound HIV-1 integrase-targeted inhibitor (1998)

The x-ray structures of an inhibitor complex of the catalytic core domain of avian sarcoma virus integrase (ASV IN) were solved at 1.9- to 2.0-A resolution at two pH values, with and without Mn2+ cations. This inhibitor (Y-3), originally identified in a screen for inhibitors of the catalytic activity of HIV type 1 integrase (HIV-1 IN), was found in the present study to be active against ASV IN as well as HIV-1 IN. The Y-3 molecule is located in close proximity to the enzyme active site, interacts with the flexible loop, alters loop conformation, and affects the conformations of active site residues. As crystallized, a Y-3 molecule stacks against its symmetry-related mate. Preincubation of IN with metal cations does not prevent inhibition, and Y-3 binding does not prevent binding of divalent cations to IN. Three compounds chemically related to Y-3 also were investigated, but no binding was observed in the crystals. Our results identify the structural elements of the inhibitor that likely determine its binding properties.
Powering microbes with electricity: direct electron transfer from electrodes to microbes (2010)

The discovery of electrotrophs, microorganisms that can directly accept electrons from electrodes for the reduction of terminal electron acceptors, has spurred the investigation of a wide range of potential applications. To date, only a handful of pure cultures have been shown to be capable of electrotrophy, but this process has also been inferred in many studies with undefined consortia. Potential electron acceptors include: carbon dioxide, nitrate, metals, chlorinated compounds, organic acids, protons and oxygen. Direct electron transfer from electrodes to cells has many advantages over indirect electrical stimulation of microbial metabolism via electron shuttles or hydrogen production. Supplying electrons with electrodes for the bioremediation of chlorinated compounds, nitrate or toxic metals may be preferable to adding organic electron donors or hydrogen to the subsurface or bioreactors. The most transformative application of electrotrophy may be microbial electrosynthesis in which carbon dioxide and water are converted to multi-carbon organic compounds that are released extracellularly. Coupling photovoltaic technology with microbial electrosynthesis represents a novel photosynthesis strategy that avoids many of the drawbacks of biomass-based strategies for the production of transportation fuels and other organic chemicals. The mechanisms for direct electron transfer from electrodes to microorganisms warrant further investigation in order to optimize envisioned applications.
Current status and perspectives in oxidative, non-oxidative and CO<sub>2</sub>-mediated dehydrogenation of propane and isobutane over metal oxide catalysts (2020)

Conversion of propane or butanes from natural/shale gas into propene or butenes, which are indispensable for the synthesis of commodity chemicals, is an important environmentally friendly alternative to oil-based cracking processes. Herein, we critically analyse recent developments in the non-oxidative, oxidative, and CO<sub>2</sub>-mediated dehydrogenation of propane and isobutane to the corresponding olefins over metal oxide catalysts. Particular attention is paid to (i) comparing the developed catalysts in terms of their application potential, (ii) structure-activity-selectivity relationships for tailored catalyst design, and (iii) reaction-engineering aspects for improving product selectivity and overall process efficiency. On this basis, possible directions for further research aimed at the development of inexpensive and environmentally friendly catalysts with industrially relevant performance were identified. In addition, we provide general information regarding catalyst preparation and characterization as well as some recommendations for carrying out non-oxidative and CO<sub>2</sub>-mediated dehydrogenation reactions to ensure unambiguous comparison of catalysts developed in different studies.
Strong and bulky paperboard sheets from surface modified CTMP, manufactured at low energy (2015)

A description is given regarding methods used to manufacture strong and bulky sheets from furnishes based on a broad range of surface modified CTMP qualities. Starch and CMC are adsorbed on the fib ...
IDENTITY TRANSPONDER SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE LOCATION (1976)

Describes a system for the location of vehicles following fixed routes using battery powered identity transponders as route markers. The operation of the system is described and its application to road transport, especially buses, is shown.
Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SiCp/AZ91 Mg Matrix Composites Fabricated by Squeeze Casting (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
NETWORK-BASED INTRUSION DETECTION USING NEURAL NETWORKS (2002)

With the growth of computer networking, electronic commerce, and web services, security of networking systems has become very important. Many companies now rely on web services as a major source of revenue. Computer hacking poses significant problems to these companies, as distributed attacks can render their cyber-storefront inoperable for long periods of time. This happens so often, that an entire area of research, called Intrusion Detection, is devoted to detecting this activity. We show that evidence of many of these attacks can be found by a careful analysis of network data. We also illustrate that neural networks can efficiently detect this activity. We test our systems against denial of service attacks, distributed denial of service attacks, and portscans. In this work, we explore network based intrusion detection using classifying, self-organizing maps for data clustering and MLP neural networks for detection.