gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulins as a Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases, Cancer, and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (2005)

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a safe preparation, made of human plasma of thousands of healthy donors. The fascinating history of gamma globulin therapy begins in 1930 when Finland treated pneumococcal pneumonia patients with equine serum, which prolonged their survival from pneumonia. Since then, significant breakthroughs were achieved by Cohn, Bruton, Imbach, and others, whose clinical contribution to the world of medicine was of great importance. Originally IVIG was used to treat immunodeficiencies. Later on the use of IVIG extended to autoimmune diseases as well. The efficacy of IVIG has been established only in several autoimmune diseases; clinical reports of trials, series, and case reports indicate significant improvement in many more autoimmune diseases. IVIG have also showed antimetastatic effects in a variety of cancer cell lines, as well as in a few case reports. The efficiency of IVIG has also been observed in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), either as a result of an autoimmune disease or spontaneous. Several attempts were made to discover the immunomodulatory effects of IVIG, but it is still not fully understood. Clearly IVIG has multiple mechanisms of actions, which are thought to cooperate synergistically. One of the main mechanisms of actions of IVIG is its ability to neutralize pathogenic autoantibodies via anti-idiotypic antibodies within IVIG preparation. The ability of IVIG to neutralize pathogenic autoantibodies is of great importance in many autoimmune diseases, as well as in RPL. In cancer cell lines, IVIG modulates the immune system in a few ways, including the induction of IL-12 secretion, which consequently activates natural killer cells, and the induction of expression of proapoptotic genes only in cancer cells. Side effects from IVIG are rare and mostly mild and transient. More importantly adverse effects can be minimized by administration to a selective patient population in a proper way: slow infusion rate of 0.4 g/Kg body weight IVIG for 5 consecutive days, given in monthly cycles. The only downside of IVIG therapy is its high price. Therefore, clinicians should balance efficiency versus cost in deciding whether or not to treat certain conditions with IVIG.
Wide-Baseline Stereo Matching with Line Segments (2005)

We present a new method for matching line segments between two uncalibrated wide-baseline images. Most current techniques for wide-baseline matching are based on viewpoint invariant regions. Those methods work well with highly textured scenes, but fail with poorly textured ones. We show that such scenes can be successfully matched using line segments. Moreover, since line segments and regions provide complementary information, their combined matching allows to deal with a broader range of scenes. We generate an initial set of line segment correspondences, and then iteratively increase their number by adding matches consistent with the topological structure of the current ones. Finally, a coplanar grouping stage allows to estimate the fundamental matrix even from line segments only.
Multiwavelength ring networks for switch consolidation and interconnection (2003)

The authors investigate self-healing ring networks that utilize wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to provide survivable transport without the need for high-speed electronic add-drop multiplexers. They propose three specific multiwavelength ring networks, two designed for consolidation of switching resources at a single node on the ring, and one that supports symmetrical interconnection between all pairs of nodes. The maximum number of nodes and the maximum total capacity for the three networks are compared, as governed by the characteristics of the optical amplifiers and WDM techniques employed. It is found that all three networks are capable of supporting on the order of ten or more nodes with throughputs of 2.5 Gb/s to 10 Gb/s per node. The descriptions of the proposed networks assume an interoffice-network application, in which the nodes on the ring are central offices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predicting Human Clinical Outcomes Using Mouse Multi-Organ Transcriptome (2020)

Approximately 90% of pre-clinically validated drugs fail in clinical trials owing to unanticipated clinical outcomes, costing over several hundred million US dollars per drug. Despite such critical importance, translating pre-clinical data to clinical outcomes remain a major challenge. Herein, we designed a modality-independent and unbiased approach to predict clinical outcomes of drugs. The approach exploits their multi-organ transcriptome patterns induced in mice and a unique mouse-transcriptome database "humanized" by machine learning algorithms and human clinical outcome datasets. The cross-validation with small-molecule, antibody, and peptide drugs shows effective and efficient identification of the previously known outcomes of 5,519 adverse events and 11,312 therapeutic indications. In addition, the approach is adaptable to deducing potential molecular mechanisms underlying these outcomes. Furthermore, the approach identifies previously unsuspected repositioning targets. These results, together with the fact that it requires no prior structural or mechanistic information of drugs, illustrate its versatile applications to drug development process.
<i>Miscanthus</i>×<i>giganteus</i> plant regeneration: effect of callus types, ages and culture methods on regeneration competence (2010)

Abstract The perennial rhizomatous grass, Miscanthus × giganteus is an ideal biomass crop due to its rapid vegetative growth and high biomass yield potential. As a naturally occurring sterile hybrid, M . × giganteus must be propagated vegetatively by mechanically divided rhizomes or from micropropagated plantlets. Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis is a viable approach to achieve large‐scale production of plantlets in tissue culture. Effect of the callus types, ages and culture methods on the regeneration competence was studied to improve regeneration efficiency and shorten the period of tissue culture in M . × giganteus . Shoot‐forming calli having a yellow or white compact callus with light‐green shoot‐like structures showed the highest regeneration frequency. Percentage of shoot‐forming callus induction from immature inflorescence explants was 41% on callus induction medium containing 13.6 μM 2,4‐ d and 0.44 μM benzyladenine (BA). The use of a regeneration medium containing 1.3 μM NAA and 22 μM BA was effective at shortening the incubation period required for plantlet regeneration, with 69% of total regenerated plantlets obtained within 1 month of incubation on regeneration medium. Embryogenic‐like callus morphotype could maintain regeneration competency for up to 1 year as suspension cultures. Field grown regenerated plants showed normal phenotypic development with DNA content and plant heights comparable to rhizome propagated plants. Winter survival rates of the regenerated plants planted in 2006 and 2007 at the University of Illinois South Farm, Urbana‐Champaign, Illinois, were 78% and 56%, respectively.
Epithelial Thickness Profile Changes Induced by Myopic LASIK as Measured by Artemis Very High-frequency Digital Ultrasound (2009)

Although the magnitude of epithelial thickening increased with increasing ablation depth, in accordance with Barraquer's Law of Thicknesses, the myopic refractive shift due to epithelial thickness profile changes was paradoxically more significant in low myopia than in high myopia.
A SAW-Less GSM/GPRS/EDGE Receiver Embedded in 65-nm SoC (2011)

A quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE receiver, implemented in 65 nm CMOS, complies with the ETSI standard without the need of external SAW filters. By exploring the properties of passive mixers and current-mode operation from RF to baseband, the receiver can achieve a SAW-filter-like selectivity with inexpensive on-chip components such as resistors and capacitors. In addition, to alleviate the linearity bottleneck at the LNA input stage, Class-AB self-bias LNTA is employed to break the conventional trade-off's among NF, linearity and power consumption. For single-to-differential conversion, external LC-CL baluns (instead of on-chip baluns) are used to balance the on-chip die and external BOM cost. This receiver solution is embedded as a part of a cellular phone SoC and achieves <; - HOdBm sensitivity, >; +1 dBm Out-of-Band Pι dB and consumes 58.9 mA. In FTA test, the receiver passes out-of-band blocker test with >; 4 dB margin.
Performance comparison of 8 bit & 32 bit logarithmic barrel shifter using Fredkin & SCRL gates (2017)

Barrel shifters perform the shifting functions and are used in floating point arithmetic operations. The logarithmic barrel shifter designed using Fredkin and Feynman reversible gates result in lesser power consumption but there is a considerable increase in path delay, garbage outputs and ancilla inputs which reduces the performance efficiency. This paper presents an implementation of 8 bit and 32 bit logarithmic barrel shifter using SCRL(super conservative reversible logic) and also fredkin gates and a performance comparison is made in terms of garbage outputs, ancilla inputs, power consumption and path delay. The behavioural simulation is checked using verilog language and implementation is done on Xilinx 13.1 tool to find the power consumption. The implemented design with SCRL gate shows lesser garbage outputs, ancilla inputs and path delay.
Landscapes of Memory and Forgetting: Memorialisation, Emotion and Tourism along Australia’s Great Ocean Road (2013)

This article explores the history of the Great Ocean Road, described in its recent National Heritage listing as “Australia’s most famous coastal drive”. The road is unique in Australia as it was purposely constructed as a scenic tourist route and as a memorial to World War I servicemen. Over time the road’s memorial function was largely forgotten in public memory, overtaken by its fame as a tourist route. The history of the road’s setting, construction, promotion and interpretation reveals that it is a route which reflects changing, and sometimes conflicting, cultural preoccupations. Despite attempts to link its sublime setting and challenges of building the road with the heroic struggles of the servicemen in war; in spite of physical commemorative markers along the road; and in spite of the power and endurance of the “Anzac legend” in Australian culture, the connection did not resonate as intended. The road’s construction and subsequent interpretation illustrate the difficulty of inscribing “memory” onto a landscape with no prior connection to the events being memorialised. Its history reveals insights into the road’s cultural construction; tangible and intangible expressions of remembering and forgetting along the road; and the relationship between the road, landscape, memory and emotion.
Considerations in Designing the Printed Circuit Boards of Embedded Switching Power Supplies (1999)

The importance of a good printed circuit board (PCB) layout in switching power supplies cannot be overstated. Developing the schematic and debugging the breadboard is a good start, but the final, critical challenge is to layout the PCB. Fortunately, understanding the phenomenon behind the
A Time Integration Algorithm for Structural Dynamics With Improved Numerical Dissipation: The Generalized-α Method (1993)

A new family of time integration algorithms is presented for solving structural dynamics problems. The new method, denoted as the generalized-α method, possesses numerical dissipation that can be controlled by the user. In particular, it is shown that the generalized-α method achieves high-frequency dissipation while minimizing unwanted low-frequency dissipation. Comparisons are given of the generalized-α method with other numerically dissipative time integration methods; these results highlight the improved performance of the new algorithm. The new algorithm can be easily implemented into programs that already include the Newmark and Hilber-Hughes-Taylor-α time integration methods.
Sensitivity Enhancement in Composite Cavity Fiber Laser Hydrophone (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We report an application of composite cavity fiber laser (CCFL) for hydrophone sensitivity enhancement. While most of the sensitivity enhancement methods rely on amplification of acoustic signal by the coating design, our proposed scheme exploits the inherently nonlinear phase condition of the CCFL. A particular point of interest for CCFL hydrophone application is the proposed partial cavity sensing scheme that, when only one cavity is made responsive, a substantial sensitivity enhancement can be achieved. Theoretical analysis shows that this scheme can significantly enhance sensitivity, achieving as high as 40 dB excess to the standard response of a bare fiber. In experiment, this scheme produced a mean responsivity of <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">${-}41.1$</tex></formula> dB re rad Pa<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^{-1}$</tex></formula>, representing an improvement in sensitivity by 14 dB compared to the standard response. Evidently, this CCFL sensing scheme provides an additional means for sensitivity improvement in conjunction to the conventional packaging technique. </para>
α-Chalcocite Nanoparticle Synthesis and Stability (2011)

While intensively investigated as a solar light absorber in photovoltaic applications, the use of α-chalcocite (α-Cu2S) as such has been hindered by its conversion to a copper-deficient, nonstoichiometric phase, djurleite. Here we study this transformation in copper sulfide nanoparticles. We discuss the relative stabilities of α-chalcocite and djurleite as synthesized here, how this influences the conditions for obtaining these phases, and the affect of the reaction conditions on the phase transformation rate. Nanoparticle phases are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Size and morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the α-chalcocite particles were characterized by UV/visible/NIR absorption spectroscopy (UV/vis/NIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
Hallucinogenic indoleamines: Preferential action upon presynaptic serotonin receptors. (1975)

Previously, d-lysergic acid diethylamide was found to have a more powerful inhibitory action upon serotonergic (raphe) neurons than upon neurons in areas receiving an identified serotonergic input (e. g., amygdala, ventral lateral geniculate). In the present studies, using microiontophoretic techniques, the relative potencies of 3 indoleamine hallucinogens, psilocin, DMT, and bufotenine were tested upon 5HT neurons in the raphe (presynaptic neurons) and postsynaptic neurons in the ventral lateral geniculate and amygdala of the rat. Psilocin showed the greatest preferential inhibitory effect upon raphe as compared to postsynaptic neurons. DMT was intermdeiate and bufotenine had the least differential activity. This rank ordering correlates with the relative hallucinogenic potencies of these compounds: psilocin greater than DMT greater than bufotenine. The results support the hypothesis that low doses of indoleamine halluciogens act preferentially upon presynaptic serotonin receptors to inhibit raphe neurons, thus releasing postsynaptic neurons from a tonic inhibitory serotonergic influence.
PKD is a kinase of Vps34 that mediates ROS-induced autophagy downstream of DAPk (2011)

Autophagy, a process in which cellular components are engulfed and degraded within double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes, has an important role in the response to oxidative damage. Here we identify a novel cascade of phosphorylation events, involving a network of protein and lipid kinases, as crucial components of the signaling pathways that regulate the induction of autophagy under oxidative stress. Our findings show that both the tumor-suppressor death-associated protein kinase (DAPk) and protein kinase D (PKD), which we previously showed to be phosphorylated and consequently activated by DAPk, mediate the induction of autophagy in response to oxidative damage. Furthermore, we map the position of PKD within the autophagic network to Vps34, a lipid kinase whose function is indispensable for autophagy, and demonstrate that PKD is found in the same molecular complex with Vps34. PKD phosphorylates Vps34, leading to activation of Vps34, phosphatydilinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P) formation, and autophagosome formation. Consistent with its identification as a novel inducer of the autophagic machinery, we show that PKD is recruited to LC3-positive autophagosomes, where it localizes specifically to the autophagosomal membranes. Taken together, our results describe PKD as a novel Vps34 kinase that functions as an effecter of autophagy under oxidative stress.
Nonreciprocal Surface Acoustic Waves in Multilayers with Magnetoelastic and Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions (2018)

The design of modern circulators and isolators relies on nonreciprocal (discriminating forward and backward wave vectors, breaking time-reversal symmetry) electromagnetic waves in magnetic materials. Creating such devices that are small enough for portable electronics (think mobile phones) remains challenging. The authors show theoretically the nonreciprocal propagation of surface acoustic waves in multilayers with simultaneous magnetoelastic and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. Despite both interactions being relatively weak, their interplay creates up to 45 dB of isolation for counterpropagating waves, making these multilayers promising for miniaturized rf isolators.
The dlt operon confers resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides in Clostridium difficile (2011)

The dlt operon in Gram-positive bacteria encodes proteins that are necessary for the addition of d-alanine to teichoic acids of the cell wall. The addition of d-alanine to the cell wall results in a net positive charge on the bacterial cell surface and, as a consequence, can decrease the effectiveness of antimicrobials, such as cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Although the roles of the dlt genes have been studied for some Gram-positive organisms, the arrangement of these genes in Clostridium difficile and the life cycle of the bacterium in the host are markedly different from those of other pathogens. In the current work, we determined the contribution of the putative C. difficile dlt operon to CAMP resistance. Our data indicate that the dlt operon is necessary for full resistance of C. difficile to nisin, gallidermin, polymyxin B and vancomycin. We propose that the d-alanylation of teichoic acids provides protection against antimicrobial peptides that may be essential for growth of C. difficile in the host.
In Vitro Activity of Riboflavin against the Human Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2000)

The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum digests hemoglobin and polymerizes the released free heme into hemozoin. This activity occurs in an acidic organelle called the food vacuole and is essential for survival of the parasite in erythrocytes. Since acidic conditions are known to enhance the auto-oxidation of hemoglobin, we investigated whether hemoglobin ingested by the parasite was oxidized and whether the oxidation process could be a target for chemotherapy against malaria. We released parasites from their host cells and separately analyzed hemoglobin ingested by the parasites from that remaining in the erythrocytes. Isolated parasites contained elevated amounts (38.5% +/- 3.5%) of oxidized hemoglobin (methemoglobin) compared to levels (0.8% +/- 0.2%) found in normal, uninfected erythrocytes. Further, treatment of infected cells with the reducing agent riboflavin for 24 h decreased the parasite methemoglobin level by 55%. It also inhibited hemozoin production by 50% and decreased the average size of the food vacuole by 47%. Administration of riboflavin for 48 h resulted in a 65% decrease in food vacuole size and inhibited asexual parasite growth in cultures. High doses of riboflavin are used clinically to treat congenital methemoglobinemia without any adverse side effects. This activity, in conjunction with its impressive antimalarial activity, makes riboflavin attractive as a safe and inexpensive drug for treating malaria caused by P. falciparum.
Proceedings of the workshop on correlation of neutron and charged particle damage (1976)

Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the individual papers.
EDUCAÇÃO QUE DIGNIFICA OU EDUCAÇÃO QUE DOMESTICA (2006)

Ao analisar a situacao da escola brasileira no seculo XX, observa-se que ela permaneceu atrelada aos interesses estrangeiros, mais especificadamente, aos norte-americanos, devido ao papel dos governantes em implantar um sistema educacional que impediria o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia propria, mantendo uma dependencia da compra de knowhow das nacoes desenvolvidas. Mas a crise e fruto de um sistema educacional que, historicamente, privilegiou uma pequena camada da populacao brasileira, a dos latifundiarios e empresarios brasileiros subservientes ao capital internacional. Hoje, a consequencia desses acumulos de problemas da-se em um dos maiores empasses da Educacao Brasileira: o Ensino Medio, que, segundo recentes pesquisas, ja e o segmento que possui maior evasao escolar.
Secondary structure prediction of Hras target sequences. (2015)

<p>Predicted folding state of Hras <i>synthetic targets</i> are shown in structures (<b>A–C</b>)<b>.</b> Green underline - anchor binding site. Red underline - Probe binding site. Yellow frame - codon 61. (<b>A</b>) and (<b>B</b>) represent the wt A allele whereas C represents the U mutant allele. The 40 bp synthetic target sequence is predicted to create a hairpin structure under physiological conditions. Structure (<b>D</b>) represents the energetically favored structure of <i>endogenous</i> Hras mRNA. According to this structure, the mutated codon is in a hairpin structure.</p>
Consolidation of Cristal Metals Powder of Titanium and Its Alloys by Microwave Energy to Near‐Net Shape (2016)

Cristal Metals Inc. has been producing titanium and its alloys using titanium tetrachloride and chlorides of alloying elements. The chlorides are mixed with sodium in a reactor at high temperature to produce the titanium powder product, which consists of agglomerates of small primary crystallites with a highly irregular morphology. The objective of this study was to characterize the powder and determine the suitability of its consolidation to near-net shape by microwave energy. The results indicate that the use of microwave energy to sinter titanium powder produced from Cristal Metal powder is a cost-effective and energy-efficient method to achieve dense compacts of titanium. The in-depth heating permits rapid processing times that preserve the fine grain structure in the final product, resulting in excellent mechanical properties. The composition, size, morphology of the powder and its modification, and the overall effects on the final density after microwave sintering as well as the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties will be discussed.