gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified Current Control Schemes for High-Performance Permanent-Magnet AC Drives With Low Sampling to Operating Frequency Ratio (2009)

These days, high-frequency permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are used in industry; their maximum synchronous frequency is higher than 1 kHz. However, the sampling and switching frequencies of the digital inverter that consists of the digital controller and pulsewidth-modulation voltage source inverters are limited due to the cost and efficiency reasons. As a result, the current regulation loop has some problems when the high-frequency PMSM runs around its maximum speed and the ratio of the sampling frequency over the synchronous frequency, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ratio</sub> = ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">samp</sub> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fr</i> ), is small. In this paper, the problems of the current regulation loop caused by small <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ratio</sub> in the high-frequency PMSM drive are carefully investigated. Two problems are discussed in this paper: the stability problem and the sampling error. In addition, solutions for the problems are developed; a complex proportional and integral controller with predicted active damping terms is developed to stabilize the current regulation loop, and a model-based error estimator is offered to compensate the sampling error. The developed solutions are verified by simulations and experiments.
Pressure-sensitive adhesives technology (1996)

Definition rheology of PSA physical basis of the viscoelastic behaviour of pressure-sensitive adhesives comparison chemical composition of pressure-sensitive adhesives adhesive performance characteristics converting properties manufacture of pressure-sensitive adhesives manufacture of pressure-sensitive labels test methods.
2,5-Di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone rapidly elevates cytosolic Ca2+ concentration by mobilizing the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ pool (1989)

2,5-Di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (tBuBHQ), a potent inhibitor of liver microsomal ATP-dependent Ca2+ sequestration (Moore, G. A., McConkey, D. J., Kass, G. E. N., O'Brien, P. J., and Orrenius, S. (1987) FEBS Lett. 224, 331-336), produced a concentration-dependent, rapid increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in isolated rat hepatocytes (EC50 = 1-2 microM). The amplitude of the [Ca2+]i increase was essentially identical with that produced by vasopressin, but the tBuBHQ-stimulated [Ca2+]i increase remained sustained for 15-20 min. Vasopressin added 2-3 min after tBuBHQ caused [Ca2+]i to rapidly return to basal levels; however, tBuBHQ added after vasopressin resulted in a Ca2+ transient rather than a sustained [Ca2+]i elevation. Ca2+ influx was not stimulated in tBuBHQ-treated hepatocytes, but was markedly enhanced upon addition of vasopressin. Depletion of the endoplasmic reticular Ca2+ pool by the addition of vasopressin to hepatocytes incubated in low Ca2+ medium virtually abolished the tBuBHQ-mediated [Ca2+]i rise and vice versa. In saponin-permeabilized hepatocytes, tBuBHQ released Ca2+ from the same nonmitochondrial, ATP-dependent Ca2+ pool which was released by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Furthermore, tBuBHQ-induced Ca2+ release in saponin-permeabilized cells was not inhibited by neomycin, and tBuBHQ did not produce any apparent accumulation of inositol phosphates in intact hepatocytes. The rate of passive efflux of Ca2+ from Ca2+-loaded hepatic microsomes was unaltered by tBuBHQ. Thus, tBuBHQ inhibits ATP-dependent Ca2+ sequestration via a direct effect on the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump, resulting in net Ca2+ release and elevation of [Ca2+]i. Taken together, our results show that in the absence of hormonal stimuli, excess Ca2+ is only slowly cleared from the hepatocyte cytosol, indicating that the basal rate of Ca2+ removal by the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump and mitochondria is slow. Furthermore, Ca2+-mobilizing hormones appear to stimulate an active process of Ca2+ removal from hepatocyte cytosol which does not depend on re-uptake into the endoplasmic reticulum.
Wind-Tunnel Measurements of the Surface Pressure Distribution on a Spinning Magnus Rotor (1979)

The aerodynamic pressure distribution acting on the surface of a spinning four-vaned, cylindrical Magnus rotor in cross flow was experimentally obtained during a series of subsonic wind tunnel tests. A pressure tap located in the non-spinning inner portion of the wind tunnel model detected the surface pressures through a series of vent holes in the spinning outer portion of the model. The pressures were measured by means of a sliding seal arrangement. For the test condition used, K=100 fps and Rd =277,000, the autorotating (steady state) tip speed ratio of this Magnus rotor was 0.46, corresponding to a spin rate of 2050 rpm. Surface pressure distribution over the entire circumference of the spinning Magnus rotor are presented at 1 ms intervals. Resultant lift and drag coefficients computed by integrating the measured pressure distribution data reveal the cyclic nature of the lift and drag with time and their relative phase relations. Comparison of measured pressure distribution profiles with corresponding smoke flow data indicates the unsteady, periodic separated flowfield and illustrates the powerful tool provided by the pressure distribution toward interpreting and analyzing aerodynamic phenomena on spinning configurations having irregular external shapes.
Dictionary-free categorization of very similar objects via stacked evidence trees (2009)

Current work in object categorization discriminates among objects that typically possess gross differences which are readily apparent. However, many applications require making much finer distinctions. We address an insect categorization problem that is so challenging that even trained human experts cannot readily categorize images of insects considered in this paper. The state of the art that uses visual dictionaries, when applied to this problem, yields mediocre results (16.1% error). Three possible explanations for this are (a) the dictionaries are unsupervised, (b) the dictionaries lose the detailed information contained in each keypoint, and (c) these methods rely on hand-engineered decisions about dictionary size. This paper presents a novel, dictionary-free methodology. A random forest of trees is first trained to predict the class of an image based on individual keypoint descriptors. A unique aspect of these trees is that they do not make decisions but instead merely record evidence-i.e., the number of descriptors from training examples of each category that reached each leaf of the tree. We provide a mathematical model showing that voting evidence is better than voting decisions. To categorize a new image, descriptors for all detected keypoints are “dropped” through the trees, and the evidence at each leaf is summed to obtain an overall evidence vector. This is then sent to a second-level classifier to make the categorization decision. We achieve excellent performance (6.4% error) on the 9-class STONEFLY9 data set. Also, our method achieves an average AUC of 0.921 on the PASCAL06 VOC, which places it fifth out of 21 methods reported in the literature and demonstrates that the method also works well for generic object categorization.
On the state of South African universities : guest editorial (2003)

Describes how higher education institutions have responded to accelerate what the author refers to as the declining state of universities in South Africa.
A Discriminative Framework for Detecting Remote Protein Homologies (2000)

A new method for detecting remote protein homologies is introduced and shown to perform well in classifying protein domains by SCOP superfamily. The method is a variant of support vector machines using a new kernel function. The kernel function is derived from a generative statistical model for a protein family, in this case a hidden Markov model. This general approach of combining generative models like HMMs with discriminative methods such as support vector machines may have applications in other areas of biosequence analysis as well.
The magnetic field as an additional selectivity parameter in fat hydrogenation (1997)

Abstract An investigation of the influence of a magnetic field on selectivity ratios (SR) in the nickel‐catalyzed hydrogenation process of fats is presented. Sesame oil and soybean oil were hydrogenated in an AC field of 300 oersted. The SR SR= K 2 / K 3 and linolenic SR= K 1 / K 2 obtained were higher than those without a field because the magnetization of the nickel particles reduced the concentration of hydrogen on the catalyst surface.
Antithrombin III. Theory and Clinical Applications: H. P. Smith Memorial Lecture (1978)

Antithrombin III is one of the main inhibitors in the blood coagulation mechanisms. Thrombin and factor Xa are slowly inactivated by it, as well as other serine proteinases of the coagulation mechanisms. Heparin tremendously accelerates the inhibitory function of antithrombin III. In the process antithrombin III activity is also reduced. Heparin retards the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction, but otherwise the effectiveness of heparin as an anticoagulant depends on antithrombin III in laboratory experiments, as well as in therapeutics. The activation of prothrombin is inhibited, and any thrombin or other vulnerable protease that might generate becomes inactivated. The measurement of antithrombin III concentration in blood is now achieved by research methods, as well as by methods that are practical for routine use. The tests require either thrombin or factor Xa as substrate, and could be specific for antithrombin III. There are congenital as well as acquired deficiencies of antithrombin III. The inhibitor is also found in tissues.
Heterogeneity of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes: relationship between this activity in lymphocytes and in lymphoblastoid lines from normal controls and from patients with Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1989)

We determined O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) activity in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of normal controls and patients with Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and compared these values with those of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cell lines prepared from the same PBL samples. PBLs have an AGT level characteristic of the individual from whom the cells were obtained. The AGT activity of lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained from a control group of PBLs was significantly correlated with the activity of the PBLs from which they were derived (r = 0.742). There was no significant correlation between PBLs and EBV-transformed lines derived from these PBLs in Hodgkin's disease/non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients (r = 0.407, -0.225, and 0.270 for patients prior to, during, or after therapy, respectively). The lack of significant correlation between lines and PBLs was not due to random fluctuations in AGT activity, because multiple lines prepared from the same PBL sample were found to be highly correlated in AGT activity. In order to account for these results, we suppose that PBLs from a given individual are a heterogeneous population with respect to AGT activity. In normal individuals, the AGT activity of early passages of the multi-clonal EBV-transformed cell lines reflect the AGT activity of the PBLs from which they were derived. Malignancy and/or treatment with chemotherapeutic agents may selectively affect those lymphocytes which are targets for EBV-transformation so that the resultant cell line is no longer representative (with respect to AGT activity) of the total PBL population. Long-term culture of lymphoblastoid cell lines results in changes in AGT activity in some but not all cell lines suggesting that with time in culture, subsets with different AGT activities may be selected. There appears to be no growth advantage of low AGT activity and only rarely have we obtained lines with no measurable AGT activity, even after long periods in culture.
Human <i>C‐ERBB</i>‐2 proto‐oncogene product as a target for bispecific‐antibody‐directed adoptive tumor immunotherapy (1992)

To develop an efficient strategy for the targeting of anti-tumor effector cells, we prepared bispecific antibody (BsAb) containing anti-CD3 and an anti-c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product. The prepared BsAb specifically reacts with both c-erbB-2-positive tumor cells and CD3+ CTL. Human CD4+ helper/killer T cells, induced from peripheral-blood mononuclear cells by activation with immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) plus IL-2, showed no significant cytotoxicity against tumor cells. However, treatment of human CD4+ helper/killer cells with the BsAb caused the induction of specific cytotoxicity against c-erbB-2-positive tumor cells. CD4+ helper/killer cells also produced significant amounts of IL-2 during co-culture with c-erbB-2-positive tumor cells in the presence of the BsAb. Moreover, by combination with the BsAb, CD4+ helper/killer cells showed a strong in vivo anti-tumor effect against c-erbB-2 transfectant or human colon-cancer cells implanted in nude mice. Our results strongly suggest that the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product on human tumor cells may be a good target for BsAb-directed adoptive tumor immunotherapy.
Enrichment of low‐abundant serum proteins by albumin/immunoglobulin G immunoaffinity depletion under partly denaturing conditions (2005)

We present a simple protocol for affinity depletion to remove the two most abundant serum proteins, albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Under native conditions, albumin/IgG were efficiently removed and several proteins were enriched as shown by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Besides that, partly denaturing conditions were established by adding 5 or 20% acetonitrile (ACN) in order to disrupt the binding of low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteins to the carrier proteins albumin/IgG. 2-DE results showed that the total number of detected LMW proteins increased under denaturing conditions when compared to native conditions. Interestingly, the presence of 5% ACN in serum revealed better enrichment of LMW proteins when compared to 20% ACN condition. Seven randomly distributed spots in albumin/IgG depleted serum samples under 5% ACN condition were picked from the 2-DE gels and identified by mass spectrometry (MS). The intensity of five LMW protein spots increased under denaturing conditions when compared to native conditions. Three of the seven identified spots (serum amyloid P, vitamin D-binding protein, and transthyretin) belong to a group of relatively low-abundant proteins, which make up only 1% of all serum proteins. The method presented here improves the resolution of the serum proteome by increasing the number of visualized spots on 2-D gels and allowing the detection and MS identification of LMW proteins and proteins of lower abundance.
Advancing the Tracheal Tube over a Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscope by a Sleeve Mounted on the Insertion Cord (2003)

This report shows that a conical sleeve mounted on the insertion cord of a fiberoptic bronchoscope will facilitate advancing the endotracheal tube into the trachea.
Medical image processing and visualization on heterogenous clusters of symmetric multiprocessors using MPI and POSIX threads (2002)

In this paper we present the design and implementation of a parallel system for interactive segmentation and visualization of three-dimensional medical images which is distributed on a heterogenous cluster of workstations or personal computers. All image processing functions are multithreaded to use the advantages of symmetric multiprocessors. Its platform-independence is achieved using standardized libraries like MPI and POSIX Threads.
Neuronal cell attachment to fluorinated ethylene propylene films with covalently immobilized laminin oligopeptides YIGSR and IKVAV. II (1995)

Material surfaces that can mediate cellular interactions by the coupling of specific cell membrane receptors may allow for the design of a biomaterial that can control cell attachment, differentiation, and tissue organization. Cell adhesion proteins have been shown to contain minimum oligopeptide sequences that are recognized by cell surface receptors and can be covalently immobilized on material surfaces. In this study, cell attachment to fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) films functionalized with the laminin-derived oligopeptides, YIGSR and a 19-mer IKVAV-containing sequence, was assessed using NG108-15 neuroblastoma and PC12 cells. A radiofrequency glow discharge (RFGD) process that replaces the FEP surface fluorine atoms with reactive hydroxyl functionalities was used to activate the film surfaces. The oligopeptides were then covalently coupled to the surface by their C-terminus using a standard nucleophilic substitution reaction. The covalent attachment of the oligopeptides to the FEP surface was verified using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Receptor-mediated NG108-15 cell attachment on the YIGSR-modified films was determined using competitive binding assays. Average cell attachment on the oligopeptide immobilized films in medium containing soluble CDPGYIGSR was reduced by approximately a factor of 2, compared to cell attachment in serum-free medium alone. No significant decrease in cell attachment was noted in medium containing the mock oligopeptide sequence CDPGYIGSK. FEP films immobilized with the 19-mer IKVAV sequence demonstrated a higher percentage of receptor mediated cell attachment on the film surfaces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Role of MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2018)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers, leading to the second cancer-related death in the global. Although the treatment of HCC has greatly improved over the past few decades, the survival rate of patients is still quite low. Thus, it is urgent to explore new therapies, especially seek for more accurate biomarkers for early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in HCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, are pivotal participants and regulators in the development and progression of HCC. Great progress has been made in the studies of miRNAs in HCC. The key regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs include proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, drug resistance and autophagy in HCC. And exosomal miRNAs also play important roles in proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in HCC by regulating gene expression in the target cells. In addition, some miRNAs, including exosomal miRNAs, can be as potential diagnostic and prediction markers in HCC. This review summarizes the latest researches development of miRNAs in HCC in recent years.
Multispectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging system for large biological samples (2003)

A laser-induced fluorescence imaging system developed to capture multispectral fluorescence emission images simultaneously from a relatively large target object is described. With an expanded, 355-nm Nd:YAG laser as the excitation source, the system captures fluorescence emission images in the blue, green, red, and far-red regions of the spectrum centered at 450, 550, 678, and 730 nm, respectively, from a 30-cm-diameter target area in ambient light. Images of apples and of pork meat artificially contaminated with diluted animal feces have demonstrated the versatility of fluorescence imaging techniques for potential applications in food safety inspection. Regions of contamination, including sites that were not readily visible to the human eye, could easily be identified from the images.
Machine Learning Analysis of Factors Impacting Cycle-to-Cycle Variation in a Gasoline Spark-Ignited Engine (2017)

In this work, we have applied a machine learning (ML) technique to provide insights into the underlying causes of cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) in a gasoline spark-ignited (SI) engine. The analysis was performed on a set of large eddy simulation (LES) calculations of a single cylinder of a four-cylinder port-fueled SI engine. The operating condition studied was stoichiometric, without significant knock, and represents a load of 16 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), at an engine speed of 2500 revolutions per minute. A total of 123 cycles was simulated. Of these, 49 were run in sequence, while 74 were run in a parallel manner. For the parallel approach, each cycle is initialized with its own synthetic turbulent field (through perturbation of the base field) to generate CCV, as part of another work performed by us. In the current work, we post-processed three-dimensional information from all 123 cycles to compute various flame topology and pre-ignition flow-field metrics. We then evaluated correlations between these computed metrics, and peak cylinder pressure (PCP) employing an ML technique called random forest which was used to learn the correlation between PCP, and these flame topology and pre-ignition flow-field metrics. The computed metrics form the inputs to the random forest model developed, and PCP is the predicted output. The random forest model inherently captures the effect of all inputs, as well as interactions between them owing to its decision-tree structure. The goal of this work is to demonstrate (as a first step) that ML models can implicitly learn complex relationships between pre-ignition flow-fields, flame shapes, and the eventual outcome of the cycle (whether a cycle will be a high or a low cycle).
In-house Calibration of the International Sensitivity Index or Calibration Curve for Determination of the International Normalized Ratio (2004)

The results confirm that either in-house calibrators or the calibration curve improve performance of INR testing. The calibration curve may be easier to use and appears stable up to 4 months.
Inability to induce the alteration of tumorigenicity and chemosensitivity of p53-null human pancreatic carcinoma cells after the transduction of wild-type p53 gene. (1997)

We investigated the therapeutic benefits of p53 expression by the transduction of wild-type p53 gene into p53-null human pancreatic carcinoma cells (AsPC-1). Induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein was observed in p53 gene-transduced AsPC-1 cells, showing the proper function of integrated p53 gene. However, the cell growth in vitro of transduced cells was not different from that of parent cells, and the tumor growth of transduced cells inoculated into nude mice was unchanged compared with that of wild-type cells. Moreover, the in vitro sensitivity to 4 different kinds of anticancer agents including cisplatin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil and paclitaxel, was not modulated by the expression of wild-type p53 gene. Thus, the data presented here suggest that the expression of wild-type p53 gene in p53-null tumor cells does not consistently produce the therapeutic effects previously reported.
Association of Complement Sensitivity with Virulence of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Turkeys (1986)

Two strains of Pasteurella multocida, both derivatives of strain P1059, were compared for virulence for 14-week-old turkeys and sensitivity to turkey plasma. Strain P1059-1, a nalidixic-acid-resistant mutant of P1059 with an LD50 of approximately 10(3) colony-forming units (CFU), was more resistant to the bactericidal effects of fresh turkey plasma at 37 C than avirulent strain P1059-1A. P1059-1A, with an LD50 of approximately 10(8) CFU, is an acapsular variant of P1059-1 that spontaneously arose after prolonged passage on artificial medium. The bactericidal effect on P1059-1A was removed when turkey plasma was treated with heat or with zymosan, maneuvers that removed hemolytic complement activity from turkey plasma.