gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin F Synthase Gene Expression by Steroid Hormones and Interferon-τ in Bovine Endometrial Cells* (1998)

Estradiol (E2) and progesterone are responsible for regulating PG synthesis in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and interferon-tau (IFN-tau) alters PG synthesis during early pregnancy in ruminants. In this study, we examined the effects of these steroid hormones and recombinant bovine IFN-tau (rbIFN-tau) on PG production and on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and PG F (PGF) synthase (PGFS) gene expression in isolated endometrial cells. E2 decreased both PGF2alpha and PG E2 (PGE2) whereas progesterone increased PGF2alpha secretion in epithelial cells. Steroid hormones had no effect on PG production in stromal cells. rbIFN-tau attenuated both PGF2alpha and PGE2 production in epithelial cells and enhanced their production, and the ratio of PGE2 to PGF2alpha, in stromal cells. Northern blot analysis showed that E2 and rbIFN-tau decreased COX-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in epithelial cells. Conversely, rbIFN-tau increased COX-2 mRNA in stromal cells. Furthermore, rbIFN-tau decreased PGFS mRNA in both cell types and this was associated with the increase in PGE2/PGF2alpha ratio. These results show that the regulation of PG synthesis by steroid hormones is different in endometrial epithelial and stromal cells in vitro. The attenuation of PGF2alpha secretion from epithelial cells and increased PGE2 production in stromal cells by rbIFN-tau are modulated by steroid hormones.
Liposomes Encapsulating Aloe vera Leaf Gel Extract Significantly Enhance Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis in Human Skin Cell Lines (2009)

Aloe vela leaf gel extract (AGE) are widely used as cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients because of its versatile skin care properties. In order to enhance the bioavailability of AGE, liposomes encapsulating AGE were prepared and examined for their interfacial and biochemical properties. The liposomes prepared from a soybean lecithin (SLP-WHITE, 1.0 wt%) by the Bangham method gave relatively a good trapping efficiency up to the AGE concentration of 0.5 wt%. The stable liposomes were then prepared from 1.0 wt% of SLP-WHITE and different concentrations of AGE by the mechanochemical method using a homogenizer and microfluidizer. The liposomes obtained from 0.25 wt% of AGE were confirmed to be small unilamellar vesicles with a diameter of less than 200 nm, and remained well dispersed for at least two weeks. The obtained liposomes encapsulating AGE were further examined for the effects on proliferation and type I collagen synthesis in normal human neonatal skin fibroblasts, NB1RGB cells. Liposomal AGE clearly showed higher proliferation rate than that of AGE alone. In addition, compared to the control, liposomal AGE significantly increased the collagen synthesis by 23%, while AGE alone showed a small effect. Liposomal AGE was also assayed for the effect on proliferation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes, NHEK(F) cells. Interestingly, liposomal AGE fractions containing 4 and 20 microg/mL of the extract considerably increased the proliferation rate by 77% and 101%, respectively. In contrast, AGE alone fractions containing 4 and 20 microg/mL of the extract increased the rate by 41% and 60%, respectively. Accordingly, the bioavailability and skin care properties of AGE will be significantly enhanced by liposome encapsulation, and the present liposomal AGE should have a great potential as an effective skin care formulation.
Mutations in Hepatitis B Dna Polymerase Associated With Resistance to Lamivudine Do Not Confer Resistance to Adefovir In Vitro (1998)

To determine whether adefovir is active against lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV), the inhibition constants of adefovir diphosphate and lamivudine triphosphate for wild-type and mutant human HBV DNA polymerases, which contain amino acid substitutions associated with lamivudine resistance, were compared. Recombinant wild-type and mutant human HBV DNA polymerases were expressed and substantially purified using a baculovirus expression system and immunoaffinity chromatography. HBV DNA polymerase mutants M552I, M552V, and L528M/M552V showed resistance to lamivudine triphosphate with inhibition constants (Ki) increased by 8.0-fold, 19.6-fold, and 25.2-fold compared with that of wild-type HBV DNA polymerase. However, these mutants remained sensitive to adefovir diphosphate with the inhibition constants increasing by 1.3-fold and 2.2-fold or decreasing by 0.79-fold. The L528M single mutation, identified in patients with increasing HBV DNA levels during therapy with famciclovir, also remained sensitive to adefovir diphosphate with the inhibition constant increased by only 2.3-fold.
Development of a Genetic-Algorithm-Based Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Scheme on Velocity and Steering of Autonomous Vehicles (2016)

Model predictive controller (MPC) has demonstrated its competency in controlling autonomous vehicles. But to apply the current MPC-based schemes, it has to be formulated into certain formats and meet all prerequisites in order to fit the optimization solvers. To eliminate the gaps, in this paper, we propose a nonlinear MPC controller which controls the vehicle velocity and steering simultaneously. The optimization solver is based on genetic algorithms (GA). As compared to other solvers, using GA in the optimization enables a more flexible structure for MPC formulation. The cost function and constraints can be designed in a more accurate, meaningful, and direct way. Both simulation and on-field test results showed that the vehicle under the control of the proposed nonlinear MPC is able to follow the road center line accurately and consistently, even at sharp corners. Moreover, the results also showed that passengers' safety and comfort can be well taken care of under the proposed MPC scheme as both the vehicle movement acceleration and steering acceleration are well confined within a safety range. The promising results indicate that the proposed GA-based nonlinear MPC can be a suitable solution to autonomous vehicle control.
Convection From a Slender Cylender in a Ventilated Room (1990)

The equations, based on an integral formulation, for turbulent natural boundary layer flow are solved in both the constant temperature case and in the constant heat flux case. Solutions are found. for convection along both flat plates and cylinders. Theoretical predictions are compared with measurements in the boundary layer flow around a heated vertical slender cylinder in a full-scale test room with displacement ventilation. Both velocity and temperature profiles in the boundary layer flow were recorded.<br/><br/>The room was ventilated by a low velocity diffuser, standing on the floor, from which air with a negative buoyancy was supplied. The vertical distribution of both temperature and contamination in the room was measured as a function of the heat load and the air flow rate. The contaminant distribution showed a clear stratification between clean and contaminated air, while the temperature was increasing uniformly from floor to ceiling. It was found that the convective flow at the heat source as well as the flow at the walls was influencing the level of stratification.
Magnetostatic interactions in a duplex ferromagnetic alloy (1979)

The chill-cast alloy, Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">75</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</inf> B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> , consists of submicron rods of Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> B, a magnetically "hard' phase with high T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , in a matrix of Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Si, a "soft" phase with low T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> . Magnetic properties change markedly on cooling through 590°C, the T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> of Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Si, and 245°C, where the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> B changes from easy-axis to easy-plane. The unusual magnetic and thermomagnetic behavior observed is discussed in terms of the short-range and long-range magnetostatic interactions between the two phases.
Casein kinase 1α–dependent feedback loop controls autophagy in RAS-driven cancers (2015)

Activating mutations in the RAS oncogene are common in cancer but are difficult to therapeutically target. RAS activation promotes autophagy, a highly regulated catabolic process that metabolically buffers cells in response to diverse stresses. Here we report that casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase, is a key negative regulator of oncogenic RAS-induced autophagy. Depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of CK1α enhanced autophagic flux in oncogenic RAS-driven human fibroblasts and multiple cancer cell lines. FOXO3A, a master longevity mediator that transcriptionally regulates diverse autophagy genes, was a critical target of CK1α, as depletion of CK1α reduced levels of phosphorylated FOXO3A and increased expression of FOXO3A-responsive genes. Oncogenic RAS increased CK1α protein abundance via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In turn, elevated levels of CK1α increased phosphorylation of nuclear FOXO3A, thereby inhibiting transactivation of genes critical for RAS-induced autophagy. In both RAS-driven cancer cells and murine xenograft models, pharmacologic CK1α inactivation synergized with lysosomotropic agents to inhibit growth and promote tumor cell death. Together, our results identify a kinase feedback loop that influences RAS-dependent autophagy and suggest that targeting CK1α-regulated autophagy offers a potential therapeutic opportunity to treat oncogenic RAS-driven cancers.
Differential segregation of human and hamster cathepsin D in transfected baby-hàmster kidney cells (1991)

The segregation of human cathepsin D, studied in baby-hamster kidney cells (BHK) transfected with human cathepsin D cDNA and compared with that of hamster cathepsin D in the same cells, showed that, in cells that expressed human cathepsin D at a low rate, most of the enzyme remained intracellular. In contrast, when the enzyme was expressed at a high rate, most was secreted. The segregation was examined with an anti-(human cathepsin D) antibody that reacted with the human enzyme exclusively and an anti-(rat cathepsin D) antibody that reacted with both enzymes. In one protocol the cells were metabolically labelled and the two antibodies were used in sequence to precipitate the enzymes from extracts of cells and medium. High expression of the human enzyme did not interfere with the segregation of hamster cathepsin D. In another protocol the activity of cathepsin D in cells and medium was measured before and after titration with anti-(human cathepsin D) antiserum. Human cathepsin D was found predominantly in the medium, and hamster cathepsin D mainly in the cells. In the presence of 10 mM-NH4Cl the intracellular segregation of hamster cathepsin D was strongly inhibited, while the segregation of human cathepsin D was only slightly diminished. In BHK cells, at least two systems participate in the sorting of the two cathepsins, one of them being rather insensitive to NH4Cl.
New metabolites from the brown alga <i>Caulocystis cephalornithos</i> (1980)

The antiinflammatory principle of the brown alga Caulocystis cephalornithos has been shown to be 6-tridecylsalicylic acid. Four other metabolites, 3-tridecylphenol, pentadec-1-ene, (E)-heptadec-3-en- 2-one and 8-hydroxy-3-undecyl-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one were also isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the freeze-dried alga.
Channel estimation of multiple transmit antennas for OFDM systems with cyclic delay preamble (2006)

A simple and efficient channel estimation technique for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system (MIMO-OFDM) with cyclic delay preamble is proposed in this paper. Based on the properties of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the delay in the time domain introduces the phase rotations in the frequency domain, and vice versa. The window function in the time domain is presented to separate and estimate channel transfer function for different transmit antennas. The time domain window can be considered as a filter in the frequency domain, thus the improved performance can be obtained by the proposed method. Several window functions are investigated and compared with minimum mean squared error (MMSE) filter for various delay spread channels. Simulation results are presented to show the good performance of the proposed method for two transmit and one receive antenna configuration. The proposed window method is not sensitive to channel statistics and significantly reduces the complexity of channel estimation for cyclic delay preamble.
Estimation of subpixel vegetation density of natural regions using satellite multispectral imagery (1996)

A procedure is presented for estimating the subpixel fractional canopy density of natural or undisturbed semivegetated regions on a pixel-by-pixel basis using one satellite multispectral image and a physical modeling approach. The method involves applying a model of the bulk, nondimensional plant geometry combined with a simple model of canopy reflectance and transmittance to the red and near-infrared reflectance space of the atmospherically corrected satellite image. Shadow effects are parameterized assuming Poisson-distributed and geometrically similar plant canopies. The method is applied to the estimation of fractional cover and leaf area index, using Landsat thematic mapper imagery, of two physiologically different plant communities. The first is the Landes Forest, a coniferous region in south central France, during the June 1986 HAPEX-Mobilhy Experiment. The second is the semiarid Walnut Gulch basin of southeast Arizona that contains predominantly shrubs and grasses, during the June 1990 MONSOON Experiment. The procedure offers a physically based alternative to empirical vegetation indices for estimating regionally variable canopy densities of natural, homogeneous systems with little or no ground truth.
A Graph–Based Approach to Surface Reconstruction (1995)

Abstract A new approach to the reconstruction of a surface from an unorganized set of points in space is presented. The point set may for example be obtained with a laser scanner or a manual digitizing tool, and is the only source of information about the shape of the acquired object. The basic idea is to calculate the Euclidean minimum spanning tree (EMST) of the given points. The EMST is then augmented to the so‐called surface description graph (SDG). Finally the wire frame defined by the SDG are filled with triangles. The advantage of our approach is that also highly non‐convex and even disconnected surfaces are reconstructed quite reliably. This is demonstrated for a variety of data sets.
Esterification of Organic Acid in Bio-Oil using Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalysts (2009)

A dicationic ionic liquid C6(mim)2−HSO4 was synthesized and used as the catalyst for bio-oil upgrading through the esterificartion reaction of organic acids and ethanol at room temperature. The reaction system turned into two layers when the reaction was complete. No coke and deactivation on the catalyst were observed. The yield of upgraded oil was about 49%, and its properties were significantly improved. The higher heating value approached to 24.6 MJ/kg, the pH value increased from 2.9 to 5.1, and the moisture decreased from 29.8 to 8.2 wt %. The chemical composition of the upgraded bio-oil was analyzed with GC-MS. The results showed that organic acids were successfully converted into esters. Thus our data indicated that the dicationic ionic liquid was a promising catalyst for esterification to upgrade bio-oil.
Achieving Spatial and Molecular Specificity with Ultrasound-Targeted Biomolecular Nanotherapeutics (2019)

The precise targeting of cells in deep tissues is one of the primary goals of nanomedicine. However, targeting a specific cellular population within an entire organism is challenging due to off-target effects and the need for deep tissue delivery. Focused ultrasound can reduce off-targeted effects by spatially restricting the delivery or action of molecular constructs to specific anatomical sites. Ultrasound can also increase the efficiency of nanotherapeutic delivery into deep tissues by enhancing the permeability of tissue boundaries, promoting convection, or depositing energy to actuate cellular activity. In this review we focus on the interface between biomolecular engineering and focused ultrasound and describe the applications of this intersection in neuroscience, oncology, and synthetic biology. Ultrasound can be used to trigger the transport of therapeutic payloads into a range of tissues, including specific regions of the brain, where it can be targeted with millimeter precision through intact skull. Locally delivered molecular constructs can then control specific cells and molecular pathways within the targeted region. When combined with viral vectors and engineered neural receptors, this technique enables noninvasive control of specific circuits and behaviors. The penetrant energy of ultrasound can also be used to more directly actuate micro- and nanotherapeutic constructs, including microbubbles, vaporizable nanodroplets, and polymeric nanocups, which nucleate cavitation upon ultrasound exposure, leading to local mechanical effects. In addition, it was recently discovered that a unique class of acoustic biomolecules-genetically encodable nanoscale protein structures called gas vesicles-can be acoustically "detonated" as sources of inertial cavitation. This enables the targeted disruption of selected cells within the area of insonation by gas vesicles that are engineered to bind cell surface receptors. It also facilitates ultrasound-triggered release of molecular payloads from engineered therapeutic cells heterologously expressing intracellular gas vesicles. Finally, focused ultrasound energy can be used to locally elevate tissue temperature and activate temperature-sensitive proteins and pathways. The elevation of temperature allows noninvasive control of gene expression <i>in vivo</i> in cells engineered to express thermal bioswitches. Overall, the intersection of biomolecular engineering, nanomaterials and focused ultrasound can provide unparalleled specificity in controlling, modulating, and treating physiological processes in deep tissues.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDUCTION MACHINE COMMUTATED THYRISTOR INVERTER FOR TRACTION DRIVES (1980)

A variable-speed thyristor inverter system using a cage-rotor induction motor for natural commutation and as the prime mover has been built. The development has concentrated on the 35 and 150 H.P. machines rather than in the inverter units which are simply 6-device bridge circuits. It is fully anticipated to extend development beyond the 150 H.P. range.
On-chip automatic tuning for a CMOS continuous-time filter (1985)

A TECHNIQUE BASED ON FULLY-BALANCED topologies was recently introduced for the design of monolithic active RC filters in MOS technology’. These circuits work in continuous time, have a wide dynamic range and are voltage tunable. The latter capability can be used to reference accurately their frequency responses to an external clock signal similar to another method2. This report will present a complete, integrated system including a fifth-order elliptic low-pass filter and a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) control circuit for the automatic tuning of the filter.
A cache coherency scheme for an asynchronous packet-switched shared memory multiprocessor (2002)

This paper analyses the problems encountered in designing a bus-based cache coherence protocol for an asynchronous packet switched multiprocessor system having private caches for each processor and describes such an implementation, showing the algorithm used in maintaining cache coherency. Multiple copies of the data are allowed to exist. Since there is no directory that keeps track of all the processors caching data, multiple messages need to be broadcast to all caches whenever coherency needs to be maintained. On the other hand, the scaleable coherent interface (SCI) protocol maintains a doubly linked-list of all caches sharing each data with the head pointer maintained at a memory controller. This paper will compare the above two schemes and discuss their corresponding performance and design issues for both small and large scaleable multiprocessors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vitamin E and Coronary Heart Disease in Tunisians (2000)

These results support the hypothesis that VE plays a role in preventing atherosclerosis.
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide at Surface Oxidized Copper Electrodes (2012)

Carbon dioxide a common greenhouse gas is converted to value added products such as methane and ethane by electrochemical reduction at a surface oxidized copper electrode. The product yield and the relationships between the surface chemistry and reaction behavior were investigated. Ethane was observed as a dominant product at the surface oxidized Cu electrodes suggesting that Cu (I) species play a critical role in selectivity towards C2 species.
Inhibition by cyclosporin A of a Ca2+-dependent pore in heart mitochondria activated by inorganic phosphate and oxidative stress. (1988)

The capacity of cyclosporin A to inhibit opening of a Ca2+-dependent pore in the inner membrane of heart mitochondria was investigated. Whereas in the presence of 25 nmol of Ca2+/mg of mitochondrial protein and 5 mM-Pi mitochondria were unable to maintain accumulated Ca2+, inner-membrane potential and sucrose impermeability, all three parameters were preserved when cyclosporin was included. Pore opening was assayed directly by [14C]sucrose entry and entrapment in the matrix space. [14C]Sucrose entry induced by both Ca2+ plus Pi and Ca2+ plus t-butyl hydroperoxide was almost completely inhibited by 60 pmol of cyclosporin/mg of mitochondrial protein. It is concluded that cyclosporin A is a potent inhibitor of the pore.
The respiratory syncytial virus vaccine landscape: lessons from the graveyard and promising candidates (2018)

The global burden of disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is increasingly recognised, not only in infants, but also in older adults (aged ≥65 years). Advances in knowledge of the structural biology of the RSV surface fusion glycoprotein have revolutionised RSV vaccine development by providing a new target for preventive interventions. The RSV vaccine landscape has rapidly expanded to include 19 vaccine candidates and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in clinical trials, reflecting the urgency of reducing this global health problem and hence the prioritisation of RSV vaccine development. The candidates include mAbs and vaccines using four approaches: (1) particle-based, (2) live-attenuated or chimeric, (3) subunit, (4) vector-based. Late-phase RSV vaccine trial failures highlight gaps in knowledge regarding immunological protection and provide lessons for future development. In this Review, we highlight promising new approaches for RSV vaccine design and provide a comprehensive overview of RSV vaccine candidates and mAbs in clinical development to prevent one of the most common and severe infectious diseases in young children and older adults worldwide.