gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gastric emptying, absorption, and carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged exercise (1992)

This study was designed to examine aspects of digestive function that may limit assimilation of water and oxidation of orally ingested carbohydrate (CHO) during exercise. Eight males completed a crossover study in which each cycled on four occasions for 80 min at 70% maximal O2 consumption. Beverage was consumed at 0, 20, 40, and 60 min. Beverages were water, 4.5% glucose (4.5G), 17% glucose (17G), and 17% maltodextrin (17MD). CHO beverages contained 20 meq/l NaCl and were 13C enriched to measure exogenous CHO oxidation. Gastric (beverage) volume was measured at 80 min. Water uptake was estimated by including 2H2O in the beverage and measuring 2H accumulation in blood. Jejunal perfusion tests were conducted at rest with the same subjects and beverages. In 60 min, 1,294 +/- 31 (SE) ml were ingested; at 80 min, volumes emptied with H2O (1,257 +/- 32 ml) and 4.5G (1,223 +/- 32 ml) were greater than with 17G (781 +/- 56 ml) and 17MD (864 +/- 71 ml; P less than 0.05). Total CHO oxidized was similar with all beverages, but there was a greater increase in exogenous CHO oxidation over time with 17G and 17MD than with 4.5G; 54, 19, and 18% of the CHO ingested with 4.5G, 17G, and 17MD, respectively, was oxidized. This represents 57, 32, and 27%, respectively, of the CHO emptied from the stomach. 2H accumulation in the blood was more rapid with H2O and 4.5G than with 17G or 17MD. Net jejunal water absorption was greater from 4.5G than from water. Net water absorption was also observed from 17MD, whereas net secretion was observed with 17G.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mathematical Techniques in Multisensor Data Fusion (Artech House Information Warfare Library) (2004)

Since the publication of the first edition of this groundbreaking book, advances in algorithms, logic, and They attempted to pre order for network. For this provides a threshold value an alternative to statistical metrics. There a data fusion processing, has collected and table. A much less are very high, power off the article on authors. The transition from network services to detect new image processing. The use today it is fused, data and sensor technology in various.
Percutaneous aspiration and drainage for suspected abdominal infection. (1984)

Percutaneous drainage (PCD) of abdominal infection is a therapeutic modality whose role is not well defined. Surgical literature on abdominal infection cites a cumulative mortality rate in the range of 20% to 30%, markedly dissimilar from the 80% to 90% cure rates reported in the literature on PCD. We reviewed the PCD experience at a tertiary teaching hospital from 1981 to 1983. Fifty-five patients were suspected to have localized abdominal infection and underwent 66 procedures. PCD was attempted after percutaneous needle aspiration produced drainable fluid. Cure is defined by complete resolution of the abdominal process without any surgical intervention. Palliation is defined as acute decompression of the abdominal process permitting an elective corrective procedure to be performed. Failure is defined as false diagnosis, unsuccessful drainage requiring operation, or recurrence of infection. Diagnosis of the abdominal process was successfully made by aspiration in 59/66 (89%) attempts. PCD was curative in 31/66 (47%) attempts and failed or was palliative in 35/66 (53%). Simple nonfungal, nonfistulous abdominal abscesses were cured with PCD in 25/26 attempts (96%). PCD failure was encountered in 10 infected organized hematomas or thick phlegmons, nine fungal infections, nine abscesses with enteric communication, and five infected necrotic tumors. Abscesses with an underlying enteric communication were cured in 28%, were palliated in 32% and failed in 32% of PCD attempts. Abscesses with yeast as a major component or with necrotic tumor were never cured with PCD. PCD is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool that is curative in simple abdominal abscesses. Its therapeutic role in complex abdominal infections seems to be limited.
Java engine for UML based hybrid state machines (2000)

One of the approaches to modeling hybrid systems is to assign algebraic-differential equations describing the continuous behavior to states of state machines that represent discrete logic. The resulting hybrid state machine is a powerful concept to specify complex interdependencies between discrete and continuous time behaviors. It, however, exposes the simulation engine to a number of problems, which we discuss. The hybrid state machine based approach presented in this paper is fully supported by UML-RT/Java tool TimeBroker developed at Experimental Object Technologies.
Colored wax-printed timers for two-dimensional and three-dimensional assays on paper-based devices (2014)

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are widely used for performing diagnostic assays. However, in many assays, time-delay valves are required to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the results. Accordingly, this study presents a simple, low-cost method for realizing time-delay valves using a color wax printing process. In the proposed approach, the time-delay effect is controlled through a careful selection of both the color and the saturation of the wax content. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by performing nitrite and oxalate assays using both a simple two-dimensional μPAD and a three-dimensional μPAD incorporating a colored wax-printed timer. The experimental results confirm that the flow time can be controlled through an appropriate selection of the color and the wax content. In addition, it is shown that nitrite and oxalate assays can be performed simultaneously on a single device. In general, the results presented in this study show that the proposed μPADs provide a feasible low-cost alternative to conventional methods for performing diagnostic assays.
Shielding effectiveness measurements of materials using nested reverberation chambers (2003)

The use of reverberation chambers for determining the shielding effectiveness has the advantage over other techniques in that the reverberation chamber exposes the material to a more realistic environment. That is, in a reverberation chamber, the fields are incident on the material with various polarizations and angles of incidence. There are various reverberation chamber techniques found in the literature and international standards. These techniques can give incorrect results because aperture and cavity-size effects are not correctly accounted for. In fact, we show that for no sample in the aperture, these techniques give a nonzero result for shielding effectiveness. In this paper, we review existing techniques and present a new technique for determining the shielding effectiveness of materials from nested reverberation-chamber measurements. The new approach accounts for aperture, cavity size, and chamber loading effects. Various examples are presented to illustrate the utility of the new approach, and a discussion on edge treatments of the materials is given.
Aspects of mapping tasks onto parallel processing systems (2002)

A discussion of how three algorithms can map onto parallel processing systems is presented. Issues addressed are single instruction multiple data (SIMD)/multiple instruction multiple data (MIMD) tradeoffs, mixed-mode parallelism, the impact of partitioning the system for subtask parallelism, the effect on execution time of increasing the number of processors used, and the advantages of a flexible interprocessor communications network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Flame Graph (2016)

An everyday problem in our industry is understanding how software is consuming resources, particularly CPUs. What exactly is consuming how much, and how did this change since the last software version? These questions can be answered using software profilers, tools that help direct developers to optimize their code and operators to tune their environment. The output of profilers can be verbose, however, making it laborious to study and comprehend. The flame graph provides a new visualization for profiler output and can make for much faster comprehension, reducing the time for root cause analysis.
Estrogen Deprivation and Inhibition of Breast Cancer Growth in Vivo through Activation of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Liver X Receptor (2007)

Estrogen plays an important role in normal physiology. It is also a risk factor for breast cancer, and antiestrogen therapies have been shown to be effective in the treatment and prevention of breast cancers. The liver is important for estrogen metabolism, and a compromised liver function has been linked to hyperestrogenism in patients. In this report, we showed that the liver X receptor (LXR) controls estrogen homeostasis by regulating the basal and inducible hepatic expression of estrogen sulfotransferase (Est, or Sult1e1), an enzyme critical for metabolic estrogen deactivation. Genetic or pharmacological activation of LXR resulted in Est induction, which in turn inhibited estrogen-dependent uterine epithelial cell proliferation and gene expression, as well as breast cancer growth in a nude mouse model of tumorigenicity. We further established that Est is a transcriptional target of LXR, and deletion of the Est gene in mice abolished the LXR effect on estrogen deprivation. Interestingly, Est regulation by LXR appeared to be liver specific, further underscoring the role of liver in estrogen metabolism. Activation of LXR failed to induce other major estrogen-metabolizing enzymes, suggesting that the LXR effect on estrogen metabolism is Est specific. In summary, our results have revealed a novel mechanism controlling estrogen homeostasis in vivo and may have implications for drug development in the treatment of breast cancer and other estrogen-related cancerous endocrine disorders.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy (2010)

Epigenetics as well as post-translational modifications of proteins are emerging as attractive novel targets for anti-cancer therapy. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are two classes of enzymes that regulate histone acetylation, and altered activity of these enzymes has been identified in several cancers. An imbalance in histone acetylation can lead to changes in chromatin structure and transcriptional dysregulation of genes that are involved in the control of proliferation, cell-cycle progression, differentiation and/or apoptosis. In addition, several non-histone protein substrates, such as transcription factors, chaperone proteins or tubulin, undergo acetylation as a key post-translational modification that regulates their half-lives and function. Several inhibitors of HDACs have recently been shown to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cells and have been patented as anticancer agents. Although several clinical studies with HDAC inhibitors (HDAC-Is) are ongoing, the molecular basis for their tumor selectivity remains unknown, thereby presenting a challenge for the cancer research community.
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, plasma adiponectin levels, and insulin resistance (2005)

Sleep-disordered breathing was associated with insulin resistance independent of obesity. Although plasma adiponectin was also an independent determinant of HOMA-IR in OSAS patients, plasma adiponectin was more closely related to obesity than to sleep apnoea. Although treatment of sleep-disordered breathing with nasal continuous positive airway pressure reportedly improves insulin sensitivity, our findings suggest that treatment of obesity is also essential in ameliorating insulin resistance at least through increased plasma adiponectin levels in OSAS.
Millimeter-wave beam former using liquid crystal (2005)

By using liquid crystal, a beam former is fabricated and evaluated that can electrically steer the beam direction at millimeter wave frequencies. The beam former is constructed by alternately stacking liquid crystal and copper foil layers. By using a membrane impregnated with liquid crystal as the liquid crystal layer, a simple configuration is realized that does not require a solid substrate or spacer. In the experiment, it is found that the maximum phase shift is about −420° at 60 GHz and the beam steering angle is about ±13°. The structure works in a broad bandwidth from 50 to 75 GHz. The structure is also used as a dielectric lens to correct the phase distribution of electromagnetic waves fed from a pyramidal horn antenna. It is therefore demonstrated that various beam forming functions can be obtained. On the other hand, the insertion loss is 5 to 8 dB. To reduce the loss, it may be necessary to reduce the dielectric loss of the liquid crystal at millimeter wave frequencies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(8): 10–18, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20173
Aberrant expression of growth factor Wnt-5A in six urinary malignant cell lines. (1999)

The overexpression of growth factor Wnt-5A has a potential effect on the oncogenesis of urinary malignancies.
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC NETWORKS AND FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES BETWEEN GENES BY USING BAYESIAN NETWORKS AND NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION (2001)

We propose a new method for constructing genetic network from gene expression data by using Bayesian networks. We use nonparametric regression for capturing nonlinear relationships between genes and derive a new criterion for choosing the network in general situations. In a theoretical sense, our proposed theory and methodology include previous methods based on Bayes approach. We applied the proposed method to the S. cerevisiae cell cycle data and showed the effectiveness of our method by comparing with previous methods.
Control of Palmar Hyperhidrosis with a New “Dry-Type” Iontophoretic Device (2007)

BACKGROUND Palmar hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating on the palm, and among the various treatment modalities, tap water iontophoresis has been widely used. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a new “dry-type” iontophoretic device that was locally manufactured and did not use tap water to control sweating. METHODS Ten subjects with palmar hyperhidrosis were enrolled in this study. To be treated the patients were instructed that they only have to grasp the device. Only one palm was treated for 2 weeks, and then the treatment was discontinued the following next 2 weeks. The other palm was not treated as a control. At the end of second week, biopsy specimens were obtained from untreated and treated palm, respectively, and examined histologically. RESULTS Nine of 10 patients were satisfied with this therapy reducing their sweat outputs from 33% to 51% of baseline at the end of 2 weeks' treatment, and after 2 weeks of discontinuation of treatment sweat productions returned to near baseline. The pathologic examinations showed some occlusions and destruction of intraepithelial eccrine ducts only in the treated palm. CONCLUSION We suggest that dry-type iontophoresis could reduce palmar sweating more conveniently than other conventional methods.
Dreaming to Distill: Data-Free Knowledge Transfer via DeepInversion (2020)

We introduce DeepInversion, a new method for synthesizing images from the image distribution used to train a deep neural network. We ``invert'' a trained network (teacher) to synthesize class-conditional input images starting from random noise, without using any additional information about the training dataset. Keeping the teacher fixed, our method optimizes the input while regularizing the distribution of intermediate feature maps using information stored in the batch normalization layers of the teacher. Further, we improve the diversity of synthesized images using Adaptive DeepInversion, which maximizes the Jensen-Shannon divergence between the teacher and student network logits. The resulting synthesized images from networks trained on the CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets demonstrate high fidelity and degree of realism, and help enable a new breed of data-free applications - ones that do not require any real images or labeled data. We demonstrate the applicability of our proposed method to three tasks of immense practical importance - (i) data-free network pruning, (ii) data-free knowledge transfer, and (iii) data-free continual learning.
Adhesion performance of gecko-inspired flexible carbon nanotubes dry adhesive (2013)

Vertical aligned carbon nanotube array was fabricated by catalytic chemical vapor deposition and then transferred onto flexible polymer substrates with an effective polymer intermediate. Adhesion performance of the flexible CNTs dry adhesive was measured with a multifunctional material adhesion/friction performance test platform. A micron-drag process was implemented during the test in order to help increasing the side contact area of CNTs, which in turn results in an enhanced adhesion. The transferred CNTs on flexible PET substrates have an increasing adaptability without damaging its original structure. The normal and shear adhesion performance were both enhanced dramatically due to the pre-drag process. The fabrication and test methods provided here will plays an important role in the realization of CNTs dry adhesive for gecko-mimetic climbing robots.
Effects of a 2-Substituent on the Ratio of N- and O-Alkylation of 4(3H)-Quinazolinones. (1993)

Alkylation of 4(3H)-quinazolinones with 1-iodopentane in the presence of sodium hydride gave a mixture of 3-pentyl-4(3H)-quinazolinones (2) and 4-pentyloxyquinazolines (3). The ratio of O-alkyl/N-alkyl products varied according to the 2-substituents of the quinazoline ring. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the ratio was determined by a steric factor (width parameter of B) and an electronic factor (in terms of Hammett's σp) of the 2-substituent. It was found to be the case in the reported alkylation of 4(3H)-quinazolinones with propargyl bromide.
Rapid Cell‐Based Assay for Detection and Quantification of Active Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type D (2017)

Food poisoning by Staphylococcus aureus is a result of ingestion of Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced by this bacterium and is a major source of foodborne illness. Staphylococcal enterotoxin D (SED) is one of the predominant enterotoxins recovered in Staphylococcal food poisoning incidences, including a recent outbreak in Guam affecting 300 children. Current immunology methods for SED detection cannot distinguish between the biologically active form of the toxin, which poses a threat, from the inactive form, which poses no threat. In vivo bioassays that measure emetic activity in kitten and monkeys have been used, but these methods rely upon expensive procedures using live animals and raising ethical concerns. A rapid (5 h) quantitative bioluminescence assay, using a genetically engineered T-cell Jurkat cell line expressing luciferase under regulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells response elements, in combination with the lymphoblastoid B-cell line Raji for antigen presentation, was developed. In this assay, the detection limit of biologically active SED is 100 ng/mL, which is 10 times more sensitive than the splenocyte proliferation assay, and 10<sup>5</sup> times more sensitive than monkey or kitten bioassay. Pasteurization or repeated freeze-thaw cycles had no effect on SED activity, but reduction in SED activity was shown with heat treatment at 100°C for 5 min. It was also shown that milk exhibits a protective effect on SED. This bioluminescence assay may also be used to rapidly evaluate antibodies to SED for potential therapeutic application as a measurement of neutralizing biological effects of SED.
Synergy between bacterial infection and genetic predisposition in intestinal dysplasia (2009)

Accumulating evidence suggests that hyperproliferating intestinal stem cells (SCs) and progenitors drive cancer initiation, maintenance, and metastasis. In addition, chronic inflammation and infection have been increasingly recognized for their roles in cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which bacterial infections can initiate SC-mediated tumorigenesis remain elusive. Using a Drosophila model of gut pathogenesis, we show that intestinal infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a human opportunistic bacterial pathogen, activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, a hallmark of the host stress response. This, in turn, causes apoptosis of enterocytes, the largest class of differentiated intestinal cells, and promotes a dramatic proliferation of SCs and progenitors that serves as a homeostatic compensatory mechanism to replenish the apoptotic enterocytes. However, we find that this homeostatic mechanism can lead to massive over-proliferation of intestinal cells when infection occurs in animals with a latent oncogenic form of the Ras1 oncogene. The affected intestines develop excess layers of cells with altered apicobasal polarity reminiscent of dysplasia, suggesting that infection can directly synergize with the genetic background in predisposed individuals to initiate SC-mediated tumorigenesis. Our results provide a framework for the study of intestinal bacterial infections and their effects on undifferentiated and mature enteric epithelial cells in the initial stages of intestinal cancer. Assessment of progenitor cell responses to pathogenic intestinal bacteria could provide a measure of predisposition for apoptotic enterocyte-assisted intestinal dysplasias in humans.
TGF-β and lung fluid balance in ARDS (2014)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Accurate Measurement of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gradient Characteristics (2013)

Recently, gradient performance and fidelity has become of increasing interest, as the fidelity of the magnetic resonance (MR) image is somewhat dependent on the fidelity of the gradient system. In particular, for high fidelity non-Cartesian imaging, due to non-fidelity of the gradient system, it becomes necessary to know the actual k-space trajectory as opposed to the requested trajectory. In this work we show that, by considering the gradient system as a linear time-invariant system, the gradient impulse response function (GIRF) can be reliably measured to a relatively high degree of accuracy with a simple setup, using a small phantom and a series of simple experiments. It is shown experimentally that the resulting GIRF is able to predict actual gradient performance with a high degree of accuracy. The method captures not only the frequency response but also gradient timing errors and artifacts due to mechanical vibrations of the gradient system. Some discussion is provided comparing the method presented here with other analogous methods, along with limitations of these methods.
Negative Correlation between Individual-Insect-Level Virulence and Colony-Level Virulence of <i>Paenibacillus larvae</i> , the Etiological Agent of American Foulbrood of Honeybees (2009)

Paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of American foulbrood (AFB) in honeybees. Recently, different genotypes of P. larvae (ERIC I to ERIC IV) were defined, and it was shown that these genotypes differ inter alia in their virulence on the larval level. On the colony level, bees mitigate AFB through the hygienic behavior of nurse bees. Therefore, we investigated how the hygienic behavior shapes P. larvae virulence on the colony level. Our results indicate that P. larvae virulence on the larval level and that on the colony level are negatively correlated.
Review of phase-measuring interferometry (1991)

The theory and practice of phase-measuring interferometry (PMI) are reviewed. The phase measurement algorithms are discussed and phase modulation and wavefront reconstruction are examined as part of the implementation of PMI. The performance limitations of PMI are addressed.