gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uma breve discussão sobre os obstáculos epistemológicos das concepções prévias dos alunos sobre o conceito de misturas e substâncias (2017)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepcoes previas dos alunos sobre o conceito de Misturas e Substâncias, identificando os obstaculos epistemologicos que podem interferir no desenvolvimento da aprendizagem. Os dados foram coletados em uma turma da 1a serie do ensino medio de uma escola publica de Aracaju atraves de atividades do PIBID/Quimica/UFS/Sao Cristovao. Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizou-se questionarios previos de uma oficina tematica aplicada dentro das atividades do PIBID e os dados foram analisados atraves da Analise de conteudo (AC) de Bardin (2011). Dos resultados encontrados, destaca-se que os alunos apresentam concepcoes previas influenciadas por explicacoes cotidianas, contudo, a maioria apresentou concepcoes embasadas no conhecimento cientifico indicando possiveis indicios de aprendizagem nas aulas de Quimica.
A simple nanoelectrospray arrangement with controllable flowrate for mass analysis of submicroliter protein samples (2000)

A simple arrangement for nanoelectrospray ionization using a conventional syringe pump connected to a pulled unmodified capillary has been evaluated. This arrangement avoids several disadvantages associated with metal-coated nanoelectrospray emitters. The relatively large orifice (approximately 9 microns) at the pulled capillary tip reduces sample clogging and the use of the pump minimizes spray disruption due to gas bubbles. Subattomole detection limit was achieved with nanomolar protein sample solutions at 5-10 nL/min flowrates using an LCQ mass spectrometer. Submicroliter samples can be loaded from the tip orifice and stored inside the capillary to virtually eliminate any dead volume, and then be electrosprayed for extended periods at well-controlled flowrates.
Phenazasiline/Spiroacridine Donor Combined with Methyl-Substituted Linkers for Efficient Deep Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters (2019)

Phenazasiline, a sp<sup>3</sup> hybridized silicon-bridged diphenylamine, is a promising donor moiety for deep-blue TADF emitters because of its deep highest occupied molecular orbital, high triplet level of 3.1 eV, and orthogonal connection with acceptor moieties. Herein, we report highly efficient deep-blue TADF emitters composed of phenazasiline donor and triazine acceptor combined with methyl-substituted phenylene linkers. As a series of methyl-substituted linker-based TADF emitters, we also synthesized spiroacridine donor-based sky-blue TADF emitters to study the effect of methyl-substituted linkers on the photophysical properties of TADF emitters. Deeper blue emissions of TADF emitters were obtained by substituting either one or two methyl groups at the phenylene linker of TADF molecules, and a small singlet-triplet gap below 0.2 eV was maintained for efficient reverse intersystem crossing. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with spiroacridine-based TADF emitters, TTSA and TXSA, showed external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 27.9 and 20.7% with sky-blue emission of Commision Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates of (0.158, 0.283) and (0.154, 0.251), respectively. With phenazasiline-based TADF emitters, TTAZ and TXAZ, highly efficient deep-blue OLEDs were realized with EQEs of 23.7 and 16% with improved CIE coordinates of (0.148, 0.158) and (0.148, 0.131), respectively.
Impact of Microstructured Morphology on Macroscale Properties of Semi-Crystalline Triblock Copolymer Anion Exchange Membranes (2020)

The ability of polymer-based ion exchange membranes to efficiently transport ions is important in a wide range of electrochemical energy applications including fuel cells, batteries, and electrolyzers. To better understand the impacts of microstructured morphology on water uptake and the formation of hydrated ion conducting channels to aid ion conductivity, we investigated the effects of polydispersity and ion exchange capacity (IEC) on the microscopic and macroscopic structures and the performance of the semi-crystalline poly(ethylene- b -quaternized styrene- b -ethylene) (ESE) triblock copolymer-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs). The quaternary ammonium group functionalization of the styrene middle block was quantitatively controlled by acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts bromoalkylation reaction followed by amination with trimethylamine to synthesize membrane materials with a range of IECs of 0.64 to 1.89 meq/g. Our results suggest that strongly-segregated microdomains without a long-range order are desirable for membrane processing and performance compared to the other membranes with anisotropic lamellar morphology.
A Novel Polymeric Metallomacrocycle Sensor Capable of Dual-Ion Cocomplexation (1998)

A polythiophene based electroactive polymeric sensor material, prepared from the novel monomer/ligand system, 25,27-bis(2-thienyl)(9,10,12,13,15,16-hexahydro-3,7:18,22-dimetheno-8,11,14,17-thenyltetraoxodiazacyclopentacosine-28,29-diolato(2−)-N,1N,24O,28O29), has been electro- synthesized and possesses the ability to simultaneously complex/sense hard and soft metal ions, as well as neutral organic molecules.
Some Alkyl and Alkamine Esters of p-Aminomandelic Acid and Related Compounds (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Alkyl and Alkamine Esters of p-Aminomandelic Acid and Related CompoundsL. S. Fosdick and G. D. WessingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 6, 1465–1466Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01273a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01273a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Development Process of Virtual Group Identity: A Virtual Educational Community Case (2004)

As the Internet now provides an alternative forum for the social interaction of professional groups, understanding how these groups establish themselves as virtual communities, in this cyberspace environment, is crucial. The key to addressing these concerns should begin by investigating the group identity of the virtual community, since this is one of the basic building blocks of social interaction, and the means by which members define themselves, in relation to the group. Our primary findings show that, seven identity categories characterizing professional virtual group identity, affection-, alliance-, bonding-, closeness-, kinship-, bonding- and nostalgia-type conversations are salient in the different stages of the group identity development process. The leadership of the virtual group also plays a facilitating role in the group setting and participants play a part in restoring a positive sense of self or in shaping the group identity as they encounter threats in these dynamic surroundings.
Exact dynamic localization in curved AlGaAs optical waveguide arrays (2007)

We present experimental observations of exact dynamic localization of an optical beam in a periodically curved AlGaAs waveguide array. The dynamic localization of the beam is "exact" in that it is observed even when the photonic band of the array is not well described in the nearest-neighbor tight-binding approximation. We present the spatial evolution of the beam around the two-period plane in the structure, explicitly demonstrating the delocalization and subsequent relocalization of the beam. We also emonstrate the strong wavelength dependence of the beam relocalization for a four period structure.
A Switched-Reluctance Motor Drive with Zero Torque Ripple and a Constant Inverter Bus Current (1994)

Switched-reluctance motors appear to be ideal industrial prime movers capable of precision speed and position control. The efficiency can be higher than for a similar-sized induction motor and the electronics less complicated for precise speed control. While the switched-reluctance drive is common in some applications, it has not been widely accepted because of the large amount of torque ripple produced. The torque ripple from the widely used induction motor is quite low and it causes less vibration in the mechanical drive train following the motor. A four-phase switched-reluctance motor can he operated in such a way as to produce a constant zero-ripple torque output. The currents in at least two of the four phases are set so that the total torque produced is constant. By precisely setting the currents in three of the four phases, a constant torque output can be obtained at a constant d.c. supply current, and the switched-reluctance motor then has similar characteristics to a d.c. series motor. A mathematical description of these non-linear currents is derived along with the individual and mutual torque contributions to the total constant torque. The equations are also shown in graphical form.
Differentiation of aseptic and bacterial meningitis in postoperative neurosurgical patients (1988)

The differentiation of bacterial from aseptic meningitis in postoperative neurosurgical patients has traditionally been based on the clinical setting, a recent history of steroid administration, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies, including the total and differential leukocyte counts, Gram stain, glucose, and total protein. Recent reports questioning both the validity of a relative CSF lymphocytosis in excluding bacterial meningitis and the usefulness of standard CSF testing prompted the authors to reevaluate these standard criteria. The type of operation, the presence of a foreign body, use of steroids, postoperative day on which symptoms developed, altered mental status, neck stiffness, headache, and nausea were not helpful in the differential diagnosis. High fever, new neurological deficits, an active CSF leak, and elevated leukocyte counts in the CSF and peripheral blood favored a bacterial etiology. The CSF glucose level and the differential leukocyte count were less helpful. No criterion or combination of criteria was sensitive and specific enough to reliably differentiate aseptic from bacterial meningitis in the majority of patients. The possibility of improving diagnostic accuracy with newer tests, such as CSF lactate, ferritin, total amino acids, C-reactive protein, and amyloid-A, should be assessed.
Seeded germanium nanowire synthesis in solution (2009)

Germanium nanowires were synthesized by the thermal decomposition of diphenylgermane (DPG) in the presence of gold nanocrystals in various high boiling solvents, including squalane, squalene, octacosane, dotriacontane, and trioctylamine (TOA). The DPG decomposition chemistry was studied in these solvents. In all of the solvents except dotriacontane, DPG decomposition leads to only amorphous Ge particles unless Au nanocrystals are added to induce solution-liquid-solid (SLS) nanowire growth. In dotriacontane, crystalline nanowires were observed to form spontaneously without the addition of Au. DPG decomposes to Ge by disproportionation and in squalane and squalene the Au nanocrystals significantly increase the DPG decomposition rate. In dotriacontane, DPG decomposition was relatively fast in the absence of Au nanocrystals with the formation of crystalline nanowires, but chemical analysis of the solvent and the tips of the nanowires revealed the presence of copper and alkali and alkaline impurities that are responsible for the apparently unseeded nanowire growth.
Comparison of three antigen detection methods for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of malaria: a field study from southern Vietnam (2002)

Although microscopy remains the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, Paracheck-Pf may prove a useful adjunctive test in uncomplicated falciparum malaria in southern Vietnam. OptiMAL had the lowest sensitivity for P. falciparum but it might have a use in the diagnosis of vivax malaria and perhaps to monitor efficacy of treatment for falciparum malaria where microscopy is unavailable.
Heteroepitaxy of Hexagonal ZnS Thin Films Directly on Si (111) (2003)

Epitaxial Wurtzite ZnS (W-ZnS) films were grown directly on Si (111) at temperatures as high as 800°C by pulsed laser deposition. A detailed deconvolution method was used to discriminate the ZnS reflection from superimposed peaks overlapped by both ZnS and Si peaks in X-ray measurement. From the peak deconvolution, the rocking full width at half maximum and lattice constant of the ZnS film were determined to be 0.28° and 6.26 Å, respectively. A tilt between W-ZnS and Si was observed and the tilt angle decreased with increasing growth temperature. The W-ZnS (0001) film on Si (111) showed the epitaxial relationship of Si [220]//ZnS[1015]. An X-ray diffraction scan along the L direction in reciprocal space and a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image revealed that the W-ZnS film partially had stacking fault domains in the hexagonal phase. Free excitonic emission from the W-ZnS film was observed at 4 K.
Development of a Corona Anemometer for Measurement of Stratospheric Turbulence. (1978)

The length of time pollution remains in the stratosphere depends upon the intensity of stratospheric turbulence. Measurement of stratospheric turbulence has been limited due to the lack of a suitable instrument. A new instrument has been developed to meet this need. The corona anemometer sensor development is described from the physical principles of operation through the electronic circuitry, laboratory and in-flight calibrations to the first test flight. The corona anemometer measures the stratospheric wind and turbulence by detecting the amount of displacement the corona ion beam suffers in transversing a one inch gap exposed to the horizontal wind. The instrument response is linear and has a frequency response from 0 to 2000 Hz, sufficient to measure atmospheric turbulence directly. The use of this instrument in the measurement of stratospheric turbulence will significantly enhance the knowledge of stratosphere properties and improve the accuracy of environmental assessments. (Author)
Keying material based key pre-distribution scheme (2008)

A key pre-distribution scheme is a method by which initially an off-line trusted authority T A distributes pieces of information among a set of users. Later, each member of a group of users can compute a common key for secure communication. In this paper we present a Keying Material Based Key Pre-distribution Scheme, i.e., a group of users, using secret information preloaded in their memory and some public information retrieved from a keying material server, can compute a common key. We first formally define the keying material based key pre-distribution scheme in terms of the entropy, and give lower bounds on the amount of information each user has to keep secret. Then, we describe its applications for sensor networks.
Comparison of L1 and L5 Bands GNSS Signals Acquisition (2018)

Nowadays, civil Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals are available in both L1 and L5 bands. A receiver does not need to acquire independently the signals in both bands coming from a same satellite, since their carrier Doppler and code delay are closely related. Therefore, the question of which one to acquire first rises naturally. Although the common thought would tell the L1 band signals which are narrowband, an accurate comparison has never been done, and the decision is not as easy as it seems. Indeed, L5 band signals have several advantages such as stronger power, lower carrier Doppler, or a pilot channel, unlike the Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 C/A signal. The goal of this paper is therefore to compare the acquisition of L1 and L5 bands signals (GPS L1 C/A and L5, Galileo E1 and E5a/b) to determine which one is more complex and by which factor, in terms of processing time and memory, considering hardware receivers and the parallel code search. The results show that overall the L5 band signals are more complex to acquire, but it depends strongly on the conditions. The E5 signal is always more complex to acquire than E1, while the L5 signal can have a complexity close to the L1 C/A in some cases. Moreover, precise assistance providing accurate Doppler could significantly reduce the L5 complexity below the L1 complexity.
An Antioxidant Dependent<i>In Vitro</i>Response of Rainbow Trout (<i>Salmo Gairdneri</i>) Somatotrophs to Carp Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (GRF) (1989)

L'etude demontre que la vitamine C ou d'autres antioxydants, augmentent fortement l'efficacite du GRF a stimuler la secretion de GH in vitro, suggerant que l'effet du GRF est antioxydant-dependant
Post-OPC verification using a full-chip pattern-based simulation verification method (2005)

In this paper, we evaluated and investigated techniques for performing fast full-chip post-OPC verification using a commercial product platform. A number of databases from several technology nodes, i.e. 0.13um, 0.11um and 90nm are used in the investigation. Although it has proven that for most cases, our OPC technology is robust in general, due to the variety of tape-outs with complicated design styles and technologies, it is difficult to develop a "complete or bullet-proof" OPC algorithm that would cover every possible layout patterns. In the evaluation, among dozens of databases, some OPC databases were found errors by Model-based post-OPC checking, which could cost significantly in manufacturing - reticle, wafer process, and more importantly the production delay. From such a full-chip OPC database verification, we have learned that optimizing OPC models and recipes on a limited set of test chip designs may not provide sufficient coverage across the range of designs to be produced in the process. And, fatal errors (such as pinch or bridge) or poor CD distribution and process-sensitive patterns may still occur. As a result, more than one reticle tape-out cycle is not uncommon to prove models and recipes that approach the center of process for a range of designs. So, we will describe a full-chip pattern-based simulation verification flow serves both OPC model and recipe development as well as post OPC verification after production release of the OPC. Lastly, we will discuss the differentiation of the new pattern-based and conventional edge-based verification tools and summarize the advantages of our new tool and methodology: 1). Accuracy: Superior inspection algorithms, down to 1nm accuracy with the new "pattern based" approach 2). High speed performance: Pattern-centric algorithms to give best full-chip inspection efficiency 3). Powerful analysis capability: Flexible error distribution, grouping, interactive viewing and hierarchical pattern extraction to narrow down to unique patterns/cells.
Speculative Thread Execution in a Multithreaded Dataflow Architecture. (2006)

Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) in modern Superscalar and VLIW processors is achieved using out-of-order execution, branch predictions, value predictions, and speculative executions of instructions. These techniques are not scalable. This has led to multithreading and multi-core systems. However, such processors require compilers to automatically extract thread level or task level parallelism. Loop carried dependencies and aliases caused by complex array subscripts and pointer data types limit compilers’ ability to parallelize code. Hardware support for threadlevel speculation (TLS) allows compilers to more aggressively parallelize programs using speculative thread execution, since hardware will enforce correct order of execution. In this paper, we show how thread-level speculation can be implemented within the context of our Scheduled Dataflow architecture and provide preliminary performance analysis. 1
Representation and Recognition in Vision (1999)

Shimon Edelman bases a comprehensive approach to visual representation on the notion of correspondence between proximal (internal) and distal similarities in objects. Researchers have long sought to understand what the brain does when we see an object, what two people have in common when they see the same object, and what a "seeing" machine would need to have in common with a human visual system. Recent neurobiological and computational advances in the study of vision have now brought us close to answering these and other questions about representation. In Representation and Recognition in Vision, Shimon Edelman bases a comprehensive approach to visual representation on the notion of correspondence between proximal (internal) and distal similarities in objects. This leads to a computationally feasible and formally veridical representation of distal objects that addresses the needs of shape categorization and can be used to derive models of perceived similarity. Edelman first discusses the representational needs of various visual recognition tasks, and surveys current theories of representation in this context. He then develops a theory of representation that is related to Shepard's notion of second-order isomorphism between representations and their targets. Edelman goes beyond Shepard by specifying the conditions under which the representations can be made formally veridical. Edelman assesses his theory's performance in identification and categorization of 3D shapes and examines it in light of psychological and neurobiological data concerning the object-processing stream in primate vision. He also discusses the connections between his theory and other efforts to understand representation in the brain. Bradford Books imprint
A portable algorithm for mapping bitext correspondence (1997)

The first step in most empirical work in multilingual NLP is to construct maps of the correspondence between texts and their translations (bitext maps). The Smooth Injective Map Recognizer (SIMR) algorithm presented here is a generic pattern recognition algorithm that is particularly well-suited to mapping bitext correspondence. SIMR is faster and significantly more accurate than other algorithms in the literature. The algorithm is robust enough to use on noisy texts, such as those resulting from OCR input, and on translations that are not very literal. SIMR encapsulates its language-specific heuristics, so that it can be ported to any language pair with a minimal effort.
Vestibular Nerve in Meniere's Disease (1980)

Biopsy specimens of vestibular nerves of 40 patients with severe Meniere's disease were studied by microscopy. In 17 patients, a translabyrinthine eighth nerve transection was done; in 23 patients, a middle fossa vestibular neurectomy was done. Many of the nerve fibers had thickened and deformed myelin coats; some were thinly myelinated fibers and some showed degraded myelin. No macrophages were present. Occasional vestibular ganglion cells had thin myelin coats. In six patients, there were lighter areas between the fibers. In these there were roughly parallel astrocyte processes, with numerous cytoplasmic filaments. The light areas were surrounded by a basement membrane. Four of these patients showed continuation of vertiginous symptoms after operation and were not helped by surgery. These patients may suffer from a neuropathy that is different from the more common causes of Meniere's disease.