gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospects for a dengue vaccine: progress and pitfalls. (2014)

Dengue virus is now the world's most common arboviral infection and has spread to the continental United States. The Aedes mosquito which transmits dengue is prevalent throughout Missouri, so clinicians should be familiar with dengue. While there are no licensed vaccines, five are in human trials including two tested at the Saint Louis University Center for Vaccine Development. Our deepening understanding of the correlates of protective immunity to dengue improves near-term prospects for a vaccine.
Durability of Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) in PEM Fuel Cells Operated on Pure Hydrogen and Oxygen (2003)

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are energy sources that have the potential to replace alkaline fuel cells for space programs. Broad power ranges, high peak-to-nominal power capabilities, low maintenance costs, and the promise of increased life are the major advantages of PEM technology in comparison to alkaline technology. The probability of PEM fuel cells replacing alkaline fuel cells for space applications will increase if the promise of increased life is verified by achieving a minimum of 10,000 hours of operating life. Durability plays an important role in the process of evaluation and selection of MEAs for Teledyne s Phase I contract with the NASA Glenn Research Center entitled Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cell (PEMFC) Power Plant Technology Development for 2nd Generation Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs). For this contract, MEAs that are typically used for H2/air operation were selected as potential candidates for H2/O2 PEM fuel cells because their catalysts have properties suitable for O2 operation. They were purchased from several well-established MEA manufacturers who are world leaders in the manufacturing of diverse products and have committed extensive resources in an attempt to develop and fully commercialize MEA technology. A total of twelve MEAs used in H2/air operation were initially identified from these manufacturers. Based on the manufacturers specifications, nine of these were selected for evaluation. Since 10,000 hours is almost equivalent to 14 months, it was not possible to perform continuous testing with each MEA selected during Phase I of the contract. Because of the lack of time, a screening test on each MEA was performed for 400 hours under accelerated test conditions. The major criterion for an MEA pass or fail of the screening test was the gas crossover rate. If the gas crossover rate was higher than the membrane intrinsic permeability after 400 hours of testing, it was considered that the MEA had failed the test. Three types of MEAs out of the nine total membranes failed the test. The evaluation results showed that fuel cell operating conditions (current, pressure, stoichiometric flow rates) were the parameters that influenced the durability of MEAs. In addition, the durability test results indicated that the type of membrane was also an important parameter for MEA durability. At accelerated test conditions, the MEAs with casted membranes failed during the 400 hour test. However, the MEAs prepared from the casted membrane with support as well as extruded membranes, both passed the 400h durability test at accelerated operating test conditions. As a result of the MEA accelerated durability tests, four MEAs were selected for further endurance testing. These tests are being carried out with four-cell stacks under nominal fuel cell operating conditions.
Advances in materials characterization. Vol. 15 (1983)

This book presents state-of-the-art summaries on a wide range of techniques specifically used for the characterization of solid inorganic materials. Topics include surface spectroscopy, surface techniques, vibrational spectroscopy techniques, electron optical methods, acoustic and mechanical properties, general crystallographic techniques, and glass characterization studies. Reviews the theoretical basis of the specific techniques discussed and details their current research applications. The book constitutes the proceedings of the 1982 Conference on Advances in Materials Characterization.
Energy Conservation in Memory Hierarchies using Power-Aware Cached-DRAM (2005)

Main memory has become one of the largest contributors to overall energy consumption and offers many opportunities for power/energy reduction. In this paper, we propose a new memory organization, called {em Power-Aware Cached-DRAM} (PA-CDRAM), that integrates a moderately sized cache directly into a memory device. We use this cache to turn a memory bank off immediately after a memory access to reduce energy consumption. While other work has used CDRAM to improve memory performance, we modify CDRAM to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we describe our memory organization and describe the challenges for achieving low energy consumption and how to address them. We evaluate the approach using a cycle accurate processor and memory simulator. Our results show that PA-CDRAM achieves an average 28% improvement in the energy-delay product when compared to a time-out power management technique.
A lithography independent gate definition technology for fabricating sub-100 nm devices (2002)

In this paper, a lithography independent gate definition technology to fabricate sub-100 nm device is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed technology, the device gate is formed by a spacer over a step next to the gate region. The gate height is thus determined by the step height and the channel is defined by the spacer width. Thus, the channel length is defined by the polysilicon layer thickness, which can be precisely controlled. Experimental results reveal that the resulting gate length is about 75-85% of the deposited film thickness. SEM photographs show that sub-50 nm lines can be formed using this method. Transistors fabricated using the new method have been characterized and excellent I-V characteristics are demonstrated.
A fully-integrated 125-Gb/s 850-nm CMOS optical receiver based on a spatially-modulated avalanche photodetector (2014)

We present a fully integrated 12.5-Gb/s optical receiver fabricated with standard 0.13-µm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology for 850-nm optical interconnect applications. Our integrated optical receiver includes a newly proposed CMOS-compatible spatially-modulated avalanche photodetector, which provides larger photodetection bandwidth than previously reported CMOS-compatible photodetectors. The receiver also has high-speed CMOS circuits including transimpedance amplifier, DC-balanced buffer, equalizer, and limiting amplifier. With the fabricated optical receiver, detection of 12.5-Gb/s optical data is successfully achieved at 5.8 pJ/bit. Our receiver achieves the highest data rate ever reported for 850-nm integrated CMOS optical receivers.
Monitoring and fault detection in shop floor using time Petri nets (2002)

The authors present a solution to compute the maximum bounds on token holding times of different places in different states of a time Petri net. Some background information on time Petri nets is given. This solution may also be used to identify invalid states. The approach is based on backfiring of transitions in the time Petri net. The application of these results is in the areas of monitoring system state and fault detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural analysis of the 2.8 Å model of xylose isomerase from <i>Actinoplanes missouriensis</i> (1988)

The structure of Xylose isomerase (X.I.) from Actinoplanes missouriensis has been solved to 2.8 Angstroms resolution. Phases were determined from a single Eu3+ derivative and from the noncrystallographic 222 symmetry of the tetrameric molecule. An atomic model was built and subjected to restrained crystallographic refinement. The resulting model is shown to be closely similar to the recently reported X.I.'s structures from three other bacterial sources. Each monomer is found to be composed of an eight-stranded alpha/beta "T.I.M." barrel forming an N-terminal domain of 328 residues followed by a large loop of 66 residues embracing an adjacent subunit. Analysis of intersubunit packing shows that the X.I. tetramer is an assembly of two tight dimers. The beta barrel fits a simple hyperboloid model as other T.I.M. barrels do. The active site, identified as the binding site for the inhibitor xylitol, is located at the carboxyl end of the beta strands in the barrel next to a pair of binding sites for Eu3+ ions, which are assumed to be sites for the divalent ions involved in catalysis. Active sites in the tetramer are oriented towards the interface between dimers. It is suggested that subunit interfaces might stabilize the active site region and this might explain the oligomeric nature of other alpha/beta barrel enzymes.
Learning Better Encoding for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Dictionary Annealing (2015)

We introduce a novel dictionary optimization method for high-dimensional vector quantization employed in approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search. Vector quantization methods first seek a series of dictionaries, then approximate each vector by a sum of elements selected from these dictionaries. An optimal series of dictionaries should be mutually independent, and each dictionary should generate a balanced encoding for the target dataset. Existing methods did not explicitly consider this. To achieve these goals along with minimizing the quantization error (residue), we propose a novel dictionary optimization method called \emph{Dictionary Annealing} that alternatively "heats up" a single dictionary by generating an intermediate dataset with residual vectors, "cools down" the dictionary by fitting the intermediate dataset, then extracts the new residual vectors for the next iteration. Better codes can be learned by DA for the ANN search tasks. DA is easily implemented on GPU to utilize the latest computing technology, and can easily extended to an online dictionary learning scheme. We show by experiments that our optimized dictionaries substantially reduce the overall quantization error. Jointly used with residual vector quantization, our optimized dictionaries lead to a better approximate nearest neighbor search performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Sams Teach Yourself Java 2 Platform in 21 Days with Cdrom (1999)

From the Publisher:
Sams Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days continues to be the most popular, best-selling Java tutorial on the market. It has been acclaimed for its clear and personable writing, for its extensive use of examples, and for its logical and complete organization. The Professional Reference Edition of the book includes an extra seven chapters covering advanced topics like object serialization, remote method invocation, accessibility, security, JavaBeans, JDBC and advanced data structures - as well as a 200-page reference section detailing the most commonly used aspects of the Java language.
Orchis anatolica Root Ingestion Improves Sexual Motivation and Performance in Male Rats (2010)

Orchis anatolica Boiss. is a plant species that grows in the Mediterranean region and assumed to have an aphrodisiac property. This study investigates the effects of ingestion of dried O. anatolica root on the sexual behavior and weights of reproductive organs in adult male rats. Sexually active male rats were divided into two groups (control and experimental). O. anatolica root powder was orally administered to the experimental group in a daily dose of 1g/kg for thirty days. The sexual behavior was then monitored and compared between O. anatolica treated rats and control rats. Weights of reproductive organs and testosterone serum levels were, also, measured for both treated and control rats. O. anatolica root ingestion significantly reduced the mount, intromission, and ejaculation latencies. Also, a significant increase in the copulatory efficacy was reported. Weights of reproductive organs and testosterone serum levels were significantly increased in O. anatolica treated rats compared to controls. The present study concludes that continuous ingestion of O. anatolica root over a period of thirty days can improve the sexual motivation and performance in adult male rats. This effect can be ascribed to increased testosterone level.
A History of the People of Iowa (1922)

A history of the people of Iowa. By Cyrenus Cole. (Cedar Rapids: The Torch press, 1921. 572 p. $10.00) Get access Cyrenus Cole Cyrenus Cole Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 8, Issue 4, March 1922, Pages 397–398, https://doi.org/10.2307/1898351 Published: 01 March 1922
Myocardial energy metabolism in preserved heart: comparison of simple storage and hypothermic perfusion. (1988)

Isolated canine hearts were preserved for 24 hours by either simple hypothermic storage in Collins' M solution (group 1, n = 7) or hypothermic perfusion with oxygenated modified Krebs solution (group 2, n = 7), followed in both cases by reperfusion with cross circulation. Myocardial biopsies taken consecutively during preservation and after reperfusion were analyzed for high energy phosphates (adenosine triphosphate [ATP], adenosine diphosphate [ADP], adenosine monophosphate [AMP], and creatine phosphate), their catabolites (inosine), and lactate. In group 1, ATP decreased from 23.7 +/- 2.8 mumol/gm dry weight (mean +/- standard deviation) at 0 hours to 5.6 +/- 2.8 mumol/gm dry weight at the end of preservation. Creatine phosphate decreased and lactate increased significantly during 24 hours of preservation. The consumption rate of ATP appeared to have decreased after 18 hours of preservation. In group 2, ATP, creatine phosphate, and lactate remained at control levels during preservation. Coronary vascular resistance, however, increased significantly. After reperfusion functional measurements of the hearts in both groups did not vary significantly, despite the difference in myocardial ATP content (11.2 +/- 4.9 mumol/gm dry weight in group 1 and 17.9 +/- 3.9 mumol/gm dry weight in group 2; p less than 0.05). Simple hypothermic storage manifested a limitation in terms of energy store compared with hypothermic perfusion, whereas the latter appeared to have a risk of possible myocardial damage caused by the perfusion itself.
Object-Oriented Database Exploitation within the GGIS Data Warehouse. (1997)

Abstract : This report presents an introduction to initial efforts in converting relational vector mapping data (Vector Product Format), produced and distributed by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, into object oriented mapping data. From a single Vector Product Format implementation, this work continued to include four more Vector Product Format databases into object oriented framework. Discussion includes actual functionalities that were added, as well as results of having multiple Vector Product Format databases in object oriented framework. With the possibility of growing mapping databases, a search for an object oriented database management system was considered and evaluated.
A Survey on Interference Networks: Interference Alignment and Neutralization (2012)

In recent years, there has been rapid progress on understanding Gaussian networks with multiple unicast connections, and new coding techniques have emerged. The essence of multi-source networks is how to efficiently manage interference that arises from the transmission of other sessions. Classically, interference is removed by orthogonalization (in time or frequency). This means that the rate per session drops inversely proportional to the number of sessions, suggesting that interference is a strong limiting factor in such networks. However, recently discovered interference management techniques have led to a paradigm shift that interference might not be quite as detrimental after all. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of these new coding techniques as they apply to the case of time-varying Gaussian networks with multiple unicast connections. Specifically, we review interference alignment and ergodic interference alignment for multi-source single-hop networks and interference neutralization and ergodic interference neutralization for multi-source multi-hop networks. We mainly focus on the “degrees of freedom” perspective and also discuss an approximate capacity characterization.
New type curves aid analysis of fissured zone well tests (1984)

New type curves are presented for use in evaluating build-up and drawdown tests of double porosity-reservoirs. Because the curves enhance the small variations that occur in pressure response, they will provide a more accurate interpretation. In addition to discussing the curves' applications, the article includes an example well test analysis.
Traceable Porosity Measurements in Industrial Components Using X-Ray Computed Tomography (2019)

Manufacturing technologies deliver products that can suffer from various defects, one of which is internal porosity. Pores are present in most of the parts produced by, e.g., casting, additive manufacturing, and injection molding and can significantly affect the performance of the final products. Due to technological and economic limits, typically porosity cannot be completely removed by optimizing process parameters. It is therefore essential to have a measurement technique that can detect and evaluate these defects accurately. Apart from conventional nondestructive techniques, such as ultrasonic testing or Archimedes’ method that suffer from various limitations, X-ray computed tomography has emerged as a promising solution capable of measuring size, spatial distribution, and shape of pores. In this paper, a method to achieve traceable computed tomography measurements of internal porosity using a reference object with calibrated internal artificial defects is described and demonstrated on an industrial case study. Furthermore, the possibility to improve measurement results by optimizing parameters used for the evaluation of acquired data is discussed. The optimization method is based on an iterative procedure that reduces to ±5 × 10−5 mm3 the error of the measured values of total void content in the reference object.
HMG: Extending Cache Coherence Protocols Across Modern Hierarchical Multi-GPU Systems (2020)

Prior work on GPU cache coherence has shown that simple hardware-or software-based protocols can be more than sufficient. However, in recent years, features such as multi-chip modules have added deeper hierarchy and non-uniformity into GPU memory systems. GPU programming models have chosen to expose this non-uniformity directly to the end user through scoped memory consistency models. As a result, there is room to improve upon earlier coherence protocols that were designed only for flat single-GPU hierarchies and/or simpler memory consistency models. In this paper, we propose HMG, a cache coherence protocol designed for forward-looking multi-GPU systems. HMG strikes a balance between simplicity and performance: it uses a readily-implementable VI-like protocol to track coherence states, but it tracks sharers using a hierarchical scheme optimized for mitigating the bandwidth limitations of inter-GPU links. HMG leverages the novel scoped, non-multi-copy-atomic properties of modern GPU memory models, and it avoids the overheads of invalidation acknowledgments and transient states that were needed to support prior GPU memory models. On a 4-GPU system, HMG improves performance over a software-controlled, bulk invalidation-based coherence mechanism by 26% and over a non-hierarchical hardware cache coherence protocol by 18%, thereby achieving 97% of the performance of an idealized caching system.
Joint block synchronization, channel and dc-offset estimation of data dependent superimposed training (DDST) for MIMO system (2009)

Block synchronization is a prerequisite to data-dependent superimposed training (DDST) based channel estimation. Mainly designed for single input single output (SISO) system, the existing block synchronization algorithms can hardly work for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. A new joint block synchronization, channel and dc-offset estimation algorithm based on balanced zero correlation zone (ZCZ) sequence for MIMO system is proposed in this paper. Analysis and simulation results show that the new algorithm has the same performance for SISO systems as the existing algorithms when their block and cyclic prefix lengths are the same. While for MIMO systems, the performance of the proposed algorithm is much better than that of the existing algorithms.
Requirements for Driving Antipathogen Effector Genes into Populations of Disease Vectors by Homing (2017)

There is a need for new interventions against the ongoing burden of vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. One suggestion has been to develop genes encoding effector molecules that block parasite development within the vector, and then use the nuclease-based homing reaction as a form of gene drive to spread those genes through target populations. If the effector gene reduces the fitness of the mosquito and does not contribute to the drive, then loss-of-function mutations in the effector will eventually replace functional copies, but protection may nonetheless persist sufficiently long to provide a public health benefit. Here, we present a quantitative model allowing one to predict the duration of protection as a function of the probabilities of different molecular processes during the homing reaction, various fitness effects, and the efficacy of the effector in blocking transmission. Factors that increase the duration of protection include reducing the frequency of pre-existing resistant alleles, the probability of nonrecombinational DNA repair, the probability of homing-associated loss of the effector, the fitness costs of the nuclease and effector, and the completeness of parasite blocking. For target species that extend over an area much larger than the typical dispersal distance, the duration of protection is expected to be highest at the release site, and decrease away from there, eventually falling to zero, as effector-less drive constructs replace effector-containing ones. We also model an alternative strategy of using the nuclease to target an essential gene, and then linking the effector to a sequence that restores the essential function and is resistant to the nuclease. Depending upon parameter values, this approach can prolong the duration of protection. Our models highlight the key design criteria needed to achieve a desired level of public health benefit.
Polarity determination in compound semiconductors by channeling: Application to heteroepitaxy (1988)

A direct method for polarity determination of the compound semiconductor (111) face is presented. Channeling shows that the (111)B CdTe face (or Te face) corresponds to the best (111) face for further II-VI epitaxy. Epitaxial relationships are also determined for (111)CdTe/(001) GaAs. It is determined that the (111)CdTe layer also ends up on a B face. The bond directions of Ga and As atoms are determined with respect to those of Te and Cd. These informations suggest a mechanism for such an epitaxial growth.
L-methylfolate Plus SSRI or SNRI from Treatment Initiation Compared to SSRI or SNRI Monotherapy in a Major Depressive Episode. (2011)

L-methylfolate plus antidepressant at treatment onset was more effective in improving depressive symptoms and function measured by CGI-S scores within 60 days than antidepressant monotherapy, led to major symptomatic improvement more rapidly than SSRI/SNRI monotherapy, and was better tolerated.