gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic Cavitation Device that Makes Straw Cuts Suitable for Efficient Biogas Production (2014)

Due to its natural features and agrarian practices of the past centuries, Hungary is rich in biomass. This organic material is worth considering when selecting a method to produce biogas, which so far has not been used significantly in the country. It is known that some pretreatments of biomass can make the digestion of organic compounds easier, and thus accelerating the process of biogas production. This study describes a hydrodynamic device that makes straw cuts suitable for energetic use as lignocellulosic “waste”. Two types of raw material were available for the biogas fermentation after the treatment: the separated concentrate and the filtered liquid. The methane content of the biogas produced from the concentrate, was 58% and was considered to be an average value for the production of biogas from waste. However the methane concentration in the biogas generated from the filtrate was 87% and is considered outstanding for the production of biogas using the process.
Distance measures between atoms (1998)

Many learning systems, e.g. systems based on clustering and instance based learning systems, need a measure for the distance between objects. Adequate measures are available for attribute value learners. In recent years there is a growing interest in first order learners, however existing proposals for distances between non-ground atoms have some drawbacks. In this paper we develop a new measure for the distance between nonground atoms. 1 Introduction In learning systems based on clustering (e.g. C0.5 [3], KBG [1]) and in instance based learning (e.g. [9, ch.4], RIBL [6]), a measure of the distance between objects is an essential component. Good measures exist for distances between objects in an attribute value representation (see e.g. [9, ch. 4]). Recently there is a growing interest in using more expressive first order representations of objects and in upgrading propositional learning systems into first order learning systems (e.g. TILDE [2], ICL [5] and CLAUDIEN [4]). Some ad-hoc s...
Simplification of Antiretroviral Therapy to a Single-Tablet Regimen Consisting of Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Versus Unmodified Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed HIV-1-Infected Patients (2009)

Simplification to EFV/FTC/TDF maintained high and comparable rates of virologic suppression vs. SBR through 48 weeks.
Postnatal development of the canine ovary (1958)

8頭の日令既知の未経産雑種犬から得た卵巣とその他若干の日令未知の経産成熟犬から得た卵巣について組織学的見地からその発達を研究した。卵巣組織は通常の方法により組織学標本とされ,ヘマトキシリン•エオジソ,アザン及びPAS等の染色が用いられた。胚芽上皮の陥没は50日令までの動物では比較的容易に識別される。以後次第に不明瞭となるがこの報告に用いられた材料については一応全例共にこの現象が認められる。性索は8日令のものに於いて最も著明な形態を示し以後は日令が進むにつれて次第に細分され遂には消失する。その一方皮質要素の形質が明確となつて来る。8日令の動物の性索に於いて,卵細胞をその他の上皮性細胞から区別する事は殆んど出来ない。18日令以後のものでは著しい細胞質の増加により容易に卵細胞を識別する事が可能となり又日令が進むと共に卵黄顆粒の沈着が著明となつて来る。80日令以後の動物の卵巣に於いて第2次卵胞が形成されるようになり,又第2次卵胞形成の末期(135日頃から)になつて内卵胞膜や透明帯が形成される。グラーフ氏卵胞は220日令の動物に於いて始めて認められた。卵胞上皮細胞は卵索中の上皮様細胞に由来し,一方内卵胞膜細胞は卵巣皮質細胞に由来するであろうと考えられる。これら両者は夫々発現の時期を異にする,従つてこれらは夫々異る刺 ?? に反応して分化するものであろうと考える事が出来る。
Identification of a tumor-specific shared antigen derived from an Eph receptor and presented to CD4 T cells on HLA class II molecules. (2000)

We obtained a lytic CD4 T-cell clone that recognized an antigen presented by HLA-DRB1*1101 on the tumor cells of a melanoma patient who enjoyed an unusually favorable clinical evolution. The antigen appeared to be shared between several melanoma cell lines. To identify the encoding gene, we used a new method, based on the cotransfection into human embryonal kidney cell line 293 of a cDNA library from the tumor together with a cDNA clone encoding the class II transactivator, which induces the expression of HLA class II molecules. The product of the gene coding for the antigenic peptide is EphA3, a member of the Eph family of tyrosine kinase receptors, which mediate the repulsion of neural cells by cells carrying the ligand Ephrins on their surface. EphA3 is expressed at a high level in the retina and fetal brain, at a lower level in several normal tissues, and not at all in hematopoietic cells, the only cells that constitutively express HLA class II molecules. It is overexpressed in several types of tumors, including melanoma, lung carcinoma, and sarcoma. On the basis of this pattern of expression, EphA3 may be a source of tumor-specific antigens recognized on tumor cells that express HLA class II molecules. Anti-EphA3 T cells may have participated in a tumor rejection response in the patient, because the cells of metastases collected several years later than the metastasis used to characterize the antigen had lost expression of HLA-DR or EphA3, therefore escaping recognition by these lymphocytes.
Automation of electricity billing process (2014)

Meter reading is done for the electricity, gas or water consumption where meter is used to record the consumption of this energy. Here we will focus more on electricity which is very essential in day to day life. In today's scenario area decided for the energy provider employee to take the meter reading in terms of snapshot of meter and submit these photos to the main office which are used to read the readings and accordingly bill is generated but in this whole process due to human intervention accuracy is not achieved. For this purpose AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) concept is developed in which automatic collection of readings, transmission and sending bill to customer is done easily. This technology mainly saves utility providers expense of periodic trips to each physical location to read a meter, so that efficiency, reliability and effectiveness increases. In this paper AMR is used efficiently as camera fixed in front of energy meter of each house will capture the image of meter when it gets command to capture and send this image to energy provider office wirelessly where it undergoes preprocessing and recognition of digits which are further used for generation of bill. This bill is again send to the respective meter owner as a massage using GSM module.
Reduction of Chromate by <i>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</i> and Its <i>c</i> <sub>3</sub> Cytochrome (1994)

Washed cell suspensions of Desulfovibrio vulgaris rapidly reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III) with H(2) as the electron donor. The c(3) cytochrome from this organism functioned as a Cr(VI) reductase. D. vulgaris may have advantages over previously described Cr(VI) reducers for the bioremediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated waters.
Intraocular oxygen tension measured with a fiber-optic sensor in normal and diabetic dogs (1989)

A new fiber-optic O2 sensor was used to measure the O2 tension in the living dog eye, and the results were compared with simultaneous O2 tension measurements with polarographic electrodes. The fiber-optic sensor and the polarographic electrodes gave similar readings of anterior chamber O2 tension and gave an identical response to elevation of inspired O2 levels. In the preretinal vitreous, the fiber-optic probe measured the O2 tension 26 +/- 5 mmHg (means +/- SD, n = 5), whereas the polarographic electrode showed 23 +/- 7 mmHg (means +/- SD, n = 5) in the contralateral eyes. Breathing 100% O2 raised the preretinal O2 tension similarly with both systems. Preretinal O2 tension was measured with the fiber-optic sensor in seven alloxan diabetic dogs and was 26 +/- 7 mmHg, which is not significantly different from normal dogs. The fiber-optic sensor has some advantages over the polarographic electrodes. The fiber-optic sensor does not consume O2 and is not dependent on the diffusion characteristics of the medium or changes due to stirring or fluid currents.
A novel four-node quadrilateral smoothing element for stress enhancement and error estimation (1999)

A four-node, quadrilateral smoothing element is developed based upon a penalized-discrete-least-squares variational formulation. The smoothing methodology recovers C1-continuous stresses, thus enabling effective a posteriori error estimation and automatic adaptive mesh refinement. The element formulation is originated with a five-node macro-element configuration consisting of four triangular anisoparametric smoothing elements in a cross-diagonal pattern. This element pattern enables a convenient closed-form solution for the degrees of freedom of the interior node, resulting from enforcing explicitly a set of natural edge-wise penalty constraints. The degree-of-freedom reduction scheme leads to a very efficient formulation of a four-node quadrilateral smoothing element without any compromise in robustness and accuracy of the smoothing analysis. The application examples include stress recovery and error estimation in adaptive mesh refinement solutions for an elasticity problem and an aerospace structural component. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression comparison of biopsies from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and normal skeletal muscle (2002)

The primary cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a mutation in the dystrophin gene leading to the absence of the corresponding RNA transcript and protein. Absence of dystrophin leads to disruption of the dystrophin-associated protein complex and substantial changes in skeletal muscle pathology. Although the histological pathology of dystrophic tissue has been well documented, the underlying molecular pathways remain poorly understood. To examine the pathogenic pathways and identify new or modifying factors involved in muscular dystrophy, expression microarrays were used to compare individual gene expression profiles of skeletal muscle biopsies from 12 DMD patients and 12 unaffected control patients. Two separate statistical analysis methods were used to interpret the resulting data: t test analysis to determine the statistical significance of differential expression and geometric fold change analysis to determine the extent of differential expression. These analyses identified 105 genes that differ significantly in expression level between unaffected and DMD muscle. Many of the differentially expressed genes reflect changes in histological pathology. For instance, immune response signals and extracellular matrix genes are overexpressed in DMD muscle, an indication of the infiltration of inflammatory cells and connective tissue. Significantly more genes are overexpressed than are underexpressed in dystrophic muscle, with dystrophin underexpressed, whereas other genes encoding muscle structure and regeneration processes are overexpressed, reflecting the regenerative nature of the disease.
Altered Expression of ARPP Protein in Skeletal Muscles of Patients with Muscular Dystrophy, Congenital Myopathy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2003)

These findings suggest that evaluation of ARPP may be helpful for the histological diagnosis of muscle diseases.
Motion of Bubbles in a Stationary Sound Field (1970)

Small air bubbles can be propelled through a liquid by a sound field. This paper presents observed and calculated values of the translational velocities at which bubbles smaller than resonance size are propelled through a standing acoustic wave in water and isopropyl alcohol. Bubble radii ranged from 29 to 149 μ, acoustic-pressure amplitudes ranged up to 1.1 bar, and the frequencies ranged from 23.6 to 28.3 kHz. The resulting bubble velocities, ranging to 23 cm/sec, were measured by photographing a moving bubble under stroboscopic illumination. Experiment and theory are in agreement as long as the bubble translation is rectilinear. Experimental results also indicate that the bubble translation becomes erratic when the pressure amplitude exceeds a threshold value. This threshold appears to be identical to the threshold for a similar onset of erratic dancing by bubbles that are trapped without translational motion in the sound field.
"Wisp" (1895)

Journal Article "Wisp" Get access M. A. B. M. A. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-VIII, Issue 199, 19 October 1895, Page 307, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-VIII.199.307b Published: 19 October 1895
Sociale ongelijkheid in de Sociologische Gids 1953-1993 (1994)

A content analysis of articles on social inequality appearing in Sociologische Gids since its inception in 1953. A paradigm of social stratification emerged very early that contributed to an accumulation of knowledge & a series of research questions & paradigms concerning the relationship of education & the labor market to intergenerational mobility. Key issues related to social inequality in the Netherlands have included ethnic inequality, poverty, gender differences, & unemployment. Inequality & social problems research could profit by considering each other's methodological approaches in relating their investigations to major social changes in the Netherlands & their connections to the outside world. Adapted from the source document.
Aging characteristics of AlGaInP/GaInP visible-light lasers (λ <sub>L</sub> = 678 nm) (1987)

An aging test for AlGaInP/GaInP visible-light lasers (λL = 678 nm) with 3–5 mW lasing output power was carried out for over 2000 h at room temperature. Significant degradation has not been observed during this test. The results indicate that the AlGaInP laser diodes have a considerable lifetime, suitable for practical use.
Differential inhibition of human prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-1 and -2 by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (1997)

We have evaluated the selectivity in vitro of various conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and new anti-inflammatory compounds (NS-398, L-745,337 and SC58125) in inhibiting the cyclooxygenase activity of platelet prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGHS)-1 and monocyte PGHS-2 in a human whole blood assay. The effects of the compounds towards the cyclooxygenase activity of monocyte PGHS-2 induced in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evaluated by measuring the levels of PGE2 produced in plasma. The effects of the same inhibitors on platelet PGHS-1 activity were assessed by allowing 1-ml whole blood samples to clot at 37 degrees C for 1 h in the presence of the compounds and measuring immunoreactive TXB2 levels in serum. Under these experimental conditions, most compounds resulted equipotent towards the two isozymes. Differently, meloxicam, nimesulide and diclofenac were approximately 10- to 20-fold more potent in inhibiting the cyclooxygenase activity of monocyte PGHS-2 than platelet PGHS-1. L-745,337, NS-398 and SC58125 achieved selective inhibition of monocyte PGHS-2 (IC50, PGHS-1/IC50, PGHS-2: < 100) and may provide adequate tools to test the contribution of this novel pathway of arachidonate metabolism to human inflammatory disease and to verify the hypothesis that the common side-effects of NSAIDs are due primarily to their ability to affect the activity of PGHS-1.
Conservation of the opcL gene encoding the peptidoglycan-associated outer-membrane lipoprotein among representatives of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (2004)

Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex are Gram-negative beta-proteobacteria that are classified into nine genomic species or genomovars. Some representatives of this group of bacteria, such as Burkholderia multivorans (genomovar II) and Burkholderia cenocepacia (genomovar III), are considered to be dangerous pathogens for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients because of their capacity to colonize CF lungs. The opcL gene, which encodes the peptidoglycan-associated outer-membrane lipoprotein (PAL), was detected in the genome of Burkholderia sp. LB 400 by a similarity search that was based on the sequence of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAL, OprL. Primers that could amplify part of opcL from B. multivorans LMG 13010(T) were designed. This PCR fragment was used as a probe for screening of a B. multivorans genomic bank, allowing cloning of the complete opcL gene. The complete opcL gene could be PCR-amplified from DNA from all genomovars. The sequences of these opcL genes showed a high degree of conservation (> 95 %) among different species of the B. cepacia complex. OpcL protein that was purified from B. multivorans LMG 13010(T) was used to generate mouse polyclonal antisera against OpcL. The OpcL protein could be produced in Escherichia coli and detected in outer-membrane fractions by Western blot. Burkholderia cells were labelled by immunofluorescence staining using antibodies against OpcL, but only after treatment with EDTA and SDS. The opcL gene could be amplified directly from the sputa of 15 CF patients who were known to be colonized by B. cepacia; sequence data derived from the amplicons identified the colonizing strains as B. cenocepacia (genomovar III, n = 14) and B. multivorans (n = 1).
5′‐ and 3′‐sequences of satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA promoting translation in tobacco (1998)

The RNA of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) is a monocistronic messenger that lacks both a 5' cap and a 3' poly(A) tail. The STNV trailer contains an autonomous translational enhancer domain (TED) that promotes translation in vitro by more than one order of magnitude when combined with the 5'-terminal 173 nt of STNV RNA. We now show that the responsible sequence within the 5' region maps to the first 38 nt of the STNV RNA. Mutational analysis indicated that the primary sequence of the STNV 5' 38 nt and TED is important for translation stimulation in vitro, but did not reveal a role for the complementarity between the two. Translation of chimeric STNV-cat RNAs in tobacco protoplasts showed that TED promotes translation in vivo of RNAs lacking a cap and/or a poly(A) tail. Similar to in vitro, TED-dependent translation in tobacco was stimulated further by the STNV 5' 38 nt.
Technological principles of motion parameter transducers based on mass and charge transport in electrochemical microsystems (2012)

The most important advantage of motion parameter transducers based on mass and charge transport in electrochemical systems is exceptionally high rate of mechanical signal conversion to electric current. Devices of this class are based on the principle of diffusion charge transport under the conditions of forced convection appearing as a result of external acceleration. This work shows the possibility of development of modern high-technology devices based on an electrochemical transducer developed using up-to-date microelectronic technologies.
Safe and automatic live update for operating systems (2013)

Increasingly many systems have to run all the time with no downtime allowed. Consider, for example, systems controlling electric power plants and e-banking servers. Nevertheless, security patches and a constant stream of new operating system versions need to be deployed without stopping running programs. These factors naturally lead to a pressing demand for live update---upgrading all or parts of the operating system without rebooting. Unfortunately, existing solutions require significant manual intervention and thus work reliably only for small operating system patches. In this paper, we describe an automated system for live update that can safely and automatically handle major upgrades without rebooting. We have implemented our ideas in Proteos, a new research OS designed with live update in mind. Proteos relies on system support and nonintrusive instrumentation to handle even very complex updates with minimal manual effort. The key novelty is the idea of state quiescence , which allows updates to happen only in safe and predictable system states. A second novelty is the ability to automatically perform transactional live updates at the process level , ensuring a safe and stable update process. Unlike prior solutions, Proteos supports automated state transfer, state checking, and hot rollback . We have evaluated Proteos on 50 real updates and on novel live update scenarios. The results show that our techniques can effectively support both simple and complex updates, while outperforming prior solutions in terms of flexibility, security, reliability, and stability of the update process.
Quality assessment tool for performance measurement of image contrast enhancement methods (2019)

An objective image quality assessment tool is proposed to measure image enhancement quality with emphasis on contrast. In the proposed tool, which is based on maximizing contrast with minimum artefact (MCMA), local and global properties of an image are measured through pixel‐wise and histogram‐wise features, respectively. To this aim, three sub‐measures are introduced, each of which able to detect one contrast‐related quality aspect: (i) low dynamic range of image; (ii) histogram shape preservation during image enhancement process; and (iii) local pixel diversity. These sub‐measures are combined through a subjective test to adapt them to the mean opinion scores (MOSs) of a diverse set of training contrast‐enhanced images. A regression algorithm performs the adaptation by fitting the three sub‐measures to the MOS values and finding an optimal linear combination by maximizing the Pearson correlation. In order to evaluate the performance of the MCMA algorithm, another independent, subsequent, subjective test was performed on a set of images enhanced by various known contrast enhancement algorithms to obtain MOS values and to compare them with the output of the proposed MCMA method. The experimental results show that MCMA has the highest correlation to the MOS when compared to the existing tested contrast measurement tools.
Acid lipase cross-reacting material in Wolman disease and cholesterol ester storage disease. (1981)

Material cross-reacting with antibodies to acid lipase was demonstrated in fibroblasts of three patients with Wolman disease and three with cholesterol ester storage disease. Quantitation of the immunologically cross-reacting material (CRM) by a single radial immunodiffusion method revealed normal levels in both mutant cell types. CRM specific activity toward triolein and cholesteryl oleate was reduced about 200-fold in the Wolman disease fibroblasts and 50- to 100-fold in the cholesterol ester storage disease cells when compared to normal.
Release of Bacteriocins from Nanofibers Prepared with Combinations of Poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) and Poly(Ethylene Oxide) (PEO) (2011)

Plantaricin 423, produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, and bacteriocin ST4SA produced by Enterococcus mundtii, were electrospun into nanofibers prepared from different combinations of poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Both peptides were released from the nanofibers with a high initial burst and retained 88% of their original antimicrobial activity at 37 °C. Nanofibers have the potential to serve as carrier matrix for bacteriocins and open a new field in developing controlled antimicrobial delivery systems for various applications.