gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SUMOylation negatively regulates transcriptional and oncogenic activities of MafA (2010)

Dysregulated expression of Maf proteins (namely c-Maf, MafA and MafB) leads to multiple myeloma in humans and oncogenic transformation of chicken embryonic fibroblasts. Maf proteins are transcriptional activators of tissue-specific gene expression and regulators of cell differentiation. For example, MafA is a critical regulator of crystallin genes and the lens differentiation program in chickens. In mammals, MafA is essential for the development of mature insulin-producing beta-cells of pancreas. It has been shown that MafA protein stability is regulated by phosphorylations at multiple serine and threonine residues. Here, we report that Maf proteins are also post-translationally modified by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins at a conserved lysine residue in the amino-terminal transactivator domain. A SUMOylation-deficient mutant of MafA (K32R) was more potent than wild-type MafA in transactivating luciferase reporter construct driven by alphaA-crystallin or insulin gene promoter. In ovo electroporation into developing chicken embryo showed that the K32R mutant induced ectopic delta-crystallin gene expression more efficiently than the wild-type MafA. We also demonstrated that the K32R mutant had enhanced ability to induce colony formation of a chicken fibroblast cell line DF-1. Therefore, SUMOylation is a functional post-translational modification of MafA that negatively regulates its transcriptional and transforming activities.
An Improved Edge Detection in Noisy Image Using Fuzzy Enhancement (2010)

To realize the edge detection of the weak target objects comparing with the other objects in noisy image, an improved edge detection algorithm using fuzzy enhancement is presented. The algorithm is developed through analyzing the defects of the fast multilevel fuzzy edge detection algorithm. It not only achieves optimal threshold in membership function, but also proposes the improved membership function to make the region of the fuzzy enhancement pixels larger. In addition, processing the median filter of fuzzy sets is used to reduce pulse noise, and fuzzy entropy operator is adopted to detect edge fast. The result shows the proposed algorithm is reasonable and effective.
Microsoft Office Project 2007 All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies (2007)

Microsoft Office Project 2007 All-in-One Desk Reference For DummiesThis book features a companion Web site where readers can download Microsoft Project add-ins, templates, and author-generated materials. The book also features a gate-fold cheat sheet that contains myriad quick-reference information, tips, and shortcuts for reference when using Microsoft Project 2007.The structure of the book is as follows: Book I: Project Basics Book II: Structure of a Project Book III: Defining Task Details Book IV: Establishing Task Timing Book V: Working with Resources and Costs Book VI: Communicating Project Information Book VII: Resolving Problems with Your Plan Book VIII: Tracking Book IX: Advanced Project Topics Book X: Project in the Enterprise Environment Book XI: Project Case Studies
Through-Hole Filling by Copper Electroplating (2008)

Through holes (THs) with different shapes were formed by laser drilling on a printed circuit board to evaluate the filling capability of two copper plating formulas. The shapes of these THs were cylindrical, V- and X-shaped. Two copper plating formulas, accelerator-free formula (AFF) and accelerator-containing formula (ACF), were employed in this work. The AFF contained only one organic additive and the ACF was composed of multiorganic additives. The electrochemical characteristics of the AFF were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, which could be utilized to explain the results of filling plating. The plating results showed that the cylindrical TH could be fully filled using AFF. However, the V- and X-shaped THs could be fully filled using ACF. TH and microvias could be simultaneously filled in one plating bath using the AFF. A filling mechanism based on an adsorption/consumption/diffusion mode was proposed to explain these plating results.
Phenotypic Mixing of Envelope Proteins of the Parainfluenza Virus SV5 and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (1970)

Cells mixedly infected with parainfluenza virus SV5 and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) yield phenotypically mixed virions, in addition to both parental types. Two types of phenotypically mixed virions have been identified: 0.6 to 1.2% of the VSV plaque formers were neutralized by SV5 antiserum, but not by VSV antiserum, suggesting the presence of a VSV genome in an SV5 envelope; 9 to 45% of the VSV plaque formers were neutralized by both antisera, indicating the presence of both SV5 and VSV antigens in their envelopes. The presence of SV5 antigen in virions with the typical bullet-shaped appearance of VSV was confirmed with ferritin-labeled anti-SV5 antibody. In contrast to standard VSV, phenotypically mixed virions adsorbed to and eluted from chicken erythrocytes, indicating that these virions contained in their envelopes SV5 hemagglutinin, and possibly neuraminidase. Thus, the VSV nucleocapsid can interact with membranes which contain SV5 proteins in the manner which leads to virus maturation, and the production of a high yield of phenotypically mixed virions with the morphology of VSV indicates that this process can function efficiently. No evidence of genetic recombination between the two viruses was found. These results raise the possibility of an evolutionary relatedness between the paramyxoviruses and the rhabdoviruses.
Vacuum brazing ceramics to metals (1987)

Attention is given to the use in ceramic/metal joint brazing alloy of silver-copper composition that incorporates 2 percent Ti. This alloy allows one-step brazing, and wets superalloys and stainless steels without prior Ni plating of the substrate. Another alloy consisting of Ag-Cu-In-Ti has been developed which alloys at lower temperatures and allows step-brazing when used with Ag-Cu-Ti alloy. If the thermal expansion difference between metal and ceramic is large, brazing with a graded seal may be used; this minimizes joint stresses upon cooling to room temperature.
Epoxy Polymer Surface Roughness Modeling Based on Kinetic Studies of Wet Chemical Treatments (2004)

Epoxy polymers are frequently used for constructing buildup layers. Atop the dielectric polymer metal layers are plated by means of a wet-chemical electroless and/or electroplating process. The adhesion of the plated metal layers to this polymer surface is of prime importance for reliability of the interconnection. An increase in the roughness of the polymer surface plays an important part in the adhesion strength of plated metal layers by increasing the total area of interface between both layers. Hence, the evolution of polymer surface roughness with time due to the chemical treatment is of prime importance for determining the reliability of interconnections. A kinetic study of wet solution swellers and oxidizers is made, based on atomic force microscopy roughness measurements. Each chemical or combination of chemical treatments in a certain sequence has its influence on the evolution of roughness. The evolution of surface roughness also indicates the mechanisms that lead to the formation of roughness on the surface. Different models are proposed to explain the influence of sweller agents on polymer surface roughness. The kinetics of roughness formation under influence of swellers is modeled and the bases of the influence of swellers on oxidizing treatments are examined. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Aging Investigation of Digital Circuits using In-Situ Monitors (2019)

International audience
Paramagnetic Defect Centers at the MgO Surface. An Alternative Model to Oxygen Vacancies (2002)

On the basis of embedded cluster calculations, we propose a new model for the structure of paramagnetic color centers at the MgO surface usually denoted as F(S)(H)(+) (an electron trapped near an adsorbed proton). These centers are produced by exposing the surface of polycrystalline MgO to H(2) followed by UV irradiation. We demonstrate that properties of H atom absorbed at surface sites such as step edges (MgO(step)) and reverse corner sites (MgO(RC)), formed at the intersection of two step edges, are compatible with a number of features observed for F(S)(H)(+). Our calculations suggest that (i) H(2) dissociates at the reverse corner site heterolytically and that there is no barrier for this exothermic reaction; (ii) the calculated vibrations of the resulting MgO(RC)(H(+))(H(-)) complex are fully consistent with the measured ones; (iii) desorption of a neutral H atom from the diamagnetic precursor requires UV light and leads to the formation of stable neutral paramagnetic centers at the surface, MgO(step)(H(+))(e(-))(trapped) and MgO(RC)(H(+))(e(-))(trapped). The computed isotropic hyperfine coupling constants and optical transitions of these centers are in broad agreement with the existing experimental data. We argue that these centers, which do not belong to the class of "oxygen vacancies", are two of the many possible forms of the F(S)(H)(+) defect center.
A fluxless bonding process using AuSn or Indium for a miniaturized hermetic package (2009)

In the field of high speed data transmissions or in the industrialisation of MEMS devices a hermetic package is often required. However this technological achievement represents an important part of the package price and usually limits the freedom of design and miniaturization. In this paper we propose a localized hermetic sealing method adapted to batch process, that uses either Eutectic AuSn (AuSn20) or pure Indium for the seal ring. A novel fluxless controlled thermocompression process is developed to achieve simultaneously a hermetic bonding and interconnection of I/Os located within the sealing ring through the capping part. Different designs are tested using a standard He aspersion leak test and additionally some reliability tests are performed. Leak rate <5.10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> mbar l/s are obtained with both AuSn20 and In seal rings.
Active range-gated spectrometric standoff detection and characterization of bioaerosols (1999)

In atmospheric sensing, one application that has demonstrated several impressive successes over the last two decades is LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR). With elastic signal returns, this technique remotely provides information such as the particle density and, for a multiple field of view LIDAR, the distribution in size of the aerosols as a function of the range along the probing laser beam. For this type of application, the return signal has the same spectrum than the laser source. Some specific techniques, such as Raman or resonant LIDARs, collect the return signal at wavelengths other than the source. However, these signals are usually narrow spectrally and are collected with a single bandpass spectral filter. Recently, the Canadian Defence Research and Development Branch has initiated the evaluation of a novel LIDAR concept which opens the possibility of collecting simultaneously the detailed spectral information contained in spectrally wide return signals. One drawback with this approach is the loss of simultaneous information at multiple ranges, i.e., the spectral information is available only for a specific range. Nevertheless, there are applications where the partial loss of range information is compensated by the gain resulting from the spectral information. This paper describes the concept and reviews the general model predicting the capability of this technique for the standoff detection of bioaerosols. It shows a numerical simulation of the anticipated spectral profiles collected with the proposed active range-gated fluorescent LIDAR for a particular bioaerosol as a function of ranges, and for both day and night operational scenarios.
Techniques to improve dynamic cache management with static data classification (2016)

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.
Experience with Tube® (Promedon) Malleable Penile Implant (2007)

The Promedon malleable penile prosthesis is reliable and safe in the surgical treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Nucleic acid based sensors (1997)

Nucleic acids may be analyte or molecular recognition elements in biosensors. Both aspects merge in the genosensor approach, where detection of special sequences is facilitated by hybridization of a target nucleic acid to a complementary immobilized template. All three roles of nucleic acids in biosensors are discussed and the state of sensor development reviewed. With the invention of evolutionary synthesis strategies applied to nucleic acids new types of biomolecular receptors are accessible. The impact of aptamers and ribozymes on biosensor development is discussed.
Manufacturing of complex bi-porous wick and applying to a loop heat pipe (2010)

The purpose of this paper is to develop an innovative complex capillary structure and to enhance the heat transfer capacity of a loop heat pipe's evaporator. The wick had two layers porous structures. The outer layer was biporous structure, which formed micro-vapor channels. The inner layer was the monoporous wick, which provided high capillary force and increased the strength of the whole wick. Experimental results showed: at 85°Cas a tolerant temperature of evaporator wall, the maximum heat load of the complex wick reached 700W (36W/cm in heat flux). The heat transfer coefficient of evaporator was 116 kW/m, and the thermal resistance of the system was 0.08°C/W. Comparing with the performance of the monoporous wick, the biporous wick increased the maximum heat load in 67% (420W of monoporous wick) and lowered the total thermal resistance in about 100% (0.17°C/W of monoporous wick).
Efficiency of Coordinate Descent Methods on Huge-Scale Optimization Problems (2012)

In this paper we propose new methods for solving huge-scale optimization problems. For problems of this size, even the simplest full-dimensional vector operations are very expensive. Hence, we propose to apply an optimization technique based on random partial update of decision variables. For these methods, we prove the global estimates for the rate of convergence. Surprisingly, for certain classes of objective functions, our results are better than the standard worst-case bounds for deterministic algorithms. We present constrained and unconstrained versions of the method and its accelerated variant. Our numerical test confirms a high efficiency of this technique on problems of very big size.
Fermentation Patterns of Chungkookjang and Kanjang by Bacillus licheniformis B1 (1999)

A Bacillus strain from Korean soil was isolated and identified to be Bacillus licheniformis B1 through various biochemical tests, VITEK, and MIDI system analysis. The strain produced extracellular amylase and protease. Whether or not the strain can perform Chungkookjang fermentation with autoclaved soybean and Kanjang fermentation was determined in this study. In Chungkookjang fermentation, browining materials of strong anti-oxidant increased 8-fold, and 2-fold in Kanjang, compared with initiation material for fermentation. Maximal protease activity in Chungkookjang was observed one day after inoculation. Protease activities in Kanjang decreased to the half, and then maintained constant values during fermentation, probably due to the inhibitory effect of salt on protease activities. High molecular mass of nucleic acids was identified in Chungkookjang and Kanjang. Since the nucleic acids were not observed in autoclaved soybean, they seem to be originated from B. licheniformis B1. This study demonstrated successive fermentation of Chungkookjang and Kanjang by B. licheniformis B1 isolated from nature, and suggested possible development of food rich in browing and nucleic acids.
Myocardial distribution of asanguineous solutions retroperfused under low pressure through the coronary sinus. (1980)

Asanguineous retroperfusion of the coronary sinus can penetrate a significant microvascular bed in proximity to myocardial cells. Myocardial regions permeated by this technique are located in the apex, septum, endocardium, and free wall of the left ventricle. Retrograde drainage patterns heavily favor the Thebesian-sinusoid system over the capillary-arterial route by more than a 3:1 ratio. Microscopic india ink preparations, regional flow studies, and retrograde roentgenograms indicate that asanguineous cardioplegic agents and core cooling can penetrate important regions of the heart at a microvascular level and may be an alternative route when routine antegrade perfusion via the coronary arteries is unavailable or disadvantageous. Because the flows established are primarily venous (Thebesian), the use of this route for chronic revascularization may be limited as the metabolic implications have not been fully investigated.
Circulating Human B Cells That Express Surrogate Light Chains Display a Unique Antibody Repertoire (2001)

Circulating human B cells that coexpress V-preB and conventional L chains (V-preB+L+ B cells) are a recently described subset of B cells that express Abs with features of self-reactivity. Initial analysis of V-preB+L+ B cells was limited to Ig-kappa and to the small, underused VH5 family. To determine whether Abs commonly expressed by V-preB+L+ B cells show similar features, we analyzed Ig H chains from three highly expressed VH families, VH1, VH3, and VH4, and Ig-lambda. We find that VH1 and VH3 Abs expressed by V-preB+L+ B cells resemble VH5 in that they display increased JH6 use, long CDR3s, and an increased frequency of D-D fusions. Abs in all three of these VH families also show skewed D reading frame use resulting in predominance of hydrophobic amino acids, which are counterselected in conventional B cells. Like Ig-kappa genes, the Ig-lambda genes in V-preB+L+ B cells show long CDR3s, but they differ from Ig-kappa genes in that they display no evidence of receptor editing. We conclude that a large number of H and L chain Abs expressed by V-preB+L+ B cells display features associated with self-reactive Abs.
Self-Assembly of α-Functionalized Terthiophenes on Gold (1997)

α-Functionalized terthiophenes containing disulfide (−S−T3−H)2 and alkanethiol (HS−(CH2)11−T3−H) anchoring groups have been synthesized for direct immobilization onto gold. Monolayer structures of these compounds are prepared by spontaneous assembly from ethanol solutions on evaporated gold substrates and thoroughly characterized by ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The two molecules coordinate to the gold substrate exclusively via the anchoring groups upon formation of gold−thiolate bonds. The kinetics of monolayer formation vary dramatically for the two compounds. The alkanethiol analogue assembles rapidly, within a few minutes, and forms a densely packed and highly organized monolayer, with the alkyl chains in an almost perfect all-trans conformation and the Cα−Cα axis of the α-T3 units tilted about 14° away from the surface normal. The assembly process is much slower for the disulfide, but an organized monolayer with an average α-T3 chain tilt of about 33° will eventually form when the assembly is allowed to equilibrate with a solution containing the disulfide for at least 1 day. Moreover, the two monolayer assemblies also display a remarkably different electrochemical behavior. The heterogeneous electron-transfer rate at the disulfide-covered gold substrate is almost indistinguishable from that at bare gold, suggesting that the assembly contains a large number of easily accessible defects. An alternative mechanism for explaining the large electron-transfer rate involving electronic coupling via the conjugated π-system of the α-T3 units is also proposed. The electrochemical response is significantly reduced for the HS−(CH2)11−T3−H assembly, but another type of defects, the so-called “shallow defects” originating from sparsely populated areas on the electrode surface, can be identified.
Fatty acid 9‐ and 13‐hydroperoxide lyases from cucumber<sup>1</sup> (2000)

Fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) is a novel P-450 enzyme that cleaves fatty acid hydroperoxides to form short-chain aldehydes and oxo-acids. In cucumber seedlings, the activities of both fatty acid 9HPL and 13HPL could be detected. High 9HPL activity was especially evident in hypocotyls. Using a polymerase chain reaction-based cloning strategy, we isolated two HPL-related cDNAs from cucumber hypocotyls. One of them, C17, had a frameshift and it was apparently expressed from a pseudogene. After repairing the frameshift, the cDNA was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli as an active HPL with specificity for 13-hydroperoxides. The other clone, C15, showed higher sequence similarity to allene oxide synthase (AOS). This cDNA was also expressed in E. coli, and the recombinant enzyme was shown to act both on 9- and 13-hydroperoxides, with a preference for the former. By extensive product analyses, it was determined that the recombinant C15 enzyme has only HPL activity and no AOS activity, in spite of its higher sequence similarity to AOS.
Numerical investigations of prospects, challenges, and limitations of non-imaging optical metrology of structured surfaces (2009)

We investigate some prospects of scatterometric methods for quantitative dimensional metrology of periodic micro- and nanostructures like e. g. parameter sensitivity. Additionally we discuss some limitations with respect to numerical or metrological constrains of different scatterometric methods.
Facile purification of tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate in high yield using lipase (2000)

Abstract Tocopherols have been purified from deodorizer distillate produced in the final deodorization step of vegetable oil refining by a process including molecular distillation. Deodorizer distillate contains mainly tocopherols, sterols, and free fatty acids (FFA); the presence of sterols hinders tocopherol purification in good yield. We found that Candida rugosa lipase recognized sterols as substrates but not tocopherols, and that esterification of sterols with FFA could be effected with negligible influence of water content. Enzymatic esterification of sterols with FFA was thus used as a step in tocopherol purification. High boiling point substances including steryl esters were removed from soybean oil deodorizer distillate by distillation, and the resulting distillate (soybean oil deodorizer distillate tocopherol concentrate; SODDTC) was used as a starting material for tocopherol purification. Several factors affecting esterification of sterols were investigated, and the reaction conditions were determined as follows: A mixture of SODDTC and water (4∶1, w/w) was stirred at 35°C for 24 h with 200 U of Candida lipase per 1 g of the reaction mixture. Under these conditions, approximately 80% of sterols was esterified, but tocopherols were not esterified. After the reaction, tocopherols and FFA were recovered as a distillate by molecular distillation of the oil layer. To enhance further removal of the remaining sterols, the lipase‐catalyzed reaction was repeated on the distillate under the same reaction conditions. As a result, more than 95% of the sterols was esterified in total. The resulting reaction mixture was fractionated to four distillates and one residue. The main distillate fraction contained 65 wt% tocopherols with low contents of FFA and sterols. In addition, the residue fraction contained high‐purity steryl esters. Because the process presented in this study includes only organic solvent‐free enzymatic reaction and molecular distillation, it is feasible as a new industrial purification method of tocopherols.