gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sonic Hedgehog, the Penis and Erectile Dysfunction: A Review of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in the Penis (2005)

The sinusoid anatomy of the penis is complex and requires complicated interaction between smooth muscle and endothelium in order to maintain homeostasis in the adult. The morphogen, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), is a crucial regulator of these processes, along with its down stream targets patched (Ptc), Hox, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Shh is critical for patterning and establishing tissue identity of the penis during embryonic development, is a crucial regulator of penile postnatal differentiation of the sinusoid morphology of the corpora cavernosa, and plays a fundamental role in maintaining sinusoidal structures pertinent to erectile function in the adult rat. Shh and its targets are active in human penes, and decreased in human diabetic penes in parallel with observations in the rat, thus lending clinical significance to the role of abnormal Shh signaling in erectile dysfunction (ED). Application of exogenous Shh protein to rat corpora cavernosa, induces VEGF and NOS proteins, suggesting a potential mechanism through which decreased Shh protein can cause ED. The studies outlined in this review provide in depth analysis of the Shh pathway and signal transduction, its role in penile development, how Shh signaling is altered in a rat model of ED and neuropathy, how abnormal Shh signaling can cause ED, and the clinical significance of the Shh pathway to human ED. These studies will provide valuable insight, at the molecular level, into understanding the mechanisms that under lie ED and lead to new treatment strategies for diabetic impotence.
Insulin resistance is accompanied by increased von Willebrand factor levels in nondiabetic women: a study of offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects compared to offspring of nondiabetic subjects (2002)

Levels of vWF, fibrinogen and fibronectin were not influenced by a parental history of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance was found to be a significant risk indicator for high vWF only in women. This may indicate that insulin resistance is a higher risk factor for women than for men, when the outcome is endothelial dysfunction possibly resulting in overt cardiovascular disease.
Planar Deposition of Aluminum by RF/DC Sputtering with RF Bias (1985)

Planarization of multilevel interconnection is most effective for achieving a higher packing density. However, it is shown by computer simulation that degradation of metallization step coverage becomes serious as the via aspect ratio increases. Conventional deposition methods, in which emitted particles flow onto the substrate and usually do not migrate, are shown to be inadequate for maintaining sufficient step coverage. A new deposition technique, RF/dc sputtering with RF bias for metal, is developed and found to provide sufficient step coverage and, moreover, planarity. In an application of the technique to aluminum film deposition, the existence of a resputtering effect was confirmed. Aluminum particles were found to deposit primarily near the bottom of the depressions and to fill up the depressions completely, through sputtering at a high bias. Steep, deep grooves and vias with aspect ratios up to 3 were found to be completely filled with the aluminum film by deposition at resputtering rates higher than 50%. It was also found that substrate biasing has a decisive effect on giving aluminum films an almost complete (111) crystallographic texture.
Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease (2016)

For decades, it has been recognized that proteins, which are encoded by our genomes via transcription and translation, are building blocks that play vital roles in almost all biological processes. Mutations identified in many protein-coding genes are linked to various human diseases. However, this “protein-centered” dogma has been challenged in recent years with the discovery that majority of our genome is “noncoding” yet transcribed. Noncoding RNA has become the focus of “next generation” biology. Here, we review the emerging field of noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and their function in cardiovascular biology and disease.
Reaction of 2-alkyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolans with iodine monochloride: formation of α-phenylalkanoate esters (1982)

A. Goosen and C. W. McCleland, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1982, 1311 DOI: 10.1039/C39820001311
Oxidation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water. 3. UV Radiation Combined with Hydrogen Peroxide (1996)

Oxidation in water of three polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fluorene, phenanthrene, and acenaphthene, with UV radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide has been studied. The effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH, and bicarbonate ion has been investigated. Disappearance rates of PAHs are substantially increased with respect to those from UV radiation alone if proper conditions of hydrogen peroxide concentration and pH are established. Direct photolysis contribution decreases with the increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration and is the main way of degradation at acid pH (76% at pH 2 with 10-3 M hydrogen peroxide concentration, for fluorene oxidation). Rate constants of reactions between the hydroxyl radical and PAHs were found to be 9.9 × 109, 8.8 × 109, and 13.4 × 109 M-1 s-1, for fluorene, acenaphthene, and phenanthrene, respectively. Both UV radiation and UV/H2O2 oxidation of PAHs yield numerous intermediate compounds. Most of these compounds disappear as oxidation time is increased.
The influence of manufacturing paradigms on system development methodologies (2003)

Summary form only given. Four fundamental paradigms that can be used to characterize how manufacturers approach development of a product are discussed. They are: build to order, modify to suit, assemble to order, and off the shelf. Each of them is predicated on certain assumptions about the market at which the product is targeted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electroluminescence cooling in semiconductors (2005)

Semiconductor electroluminescence cooling is studied and its theoretical limits for net cooling efficiency and cooling power density are evaluated. The results shows that cooling can be possibly realized using electroluminescence upconversion in LEDs.
Effect of axial strain on the critical current of Ag-sheathed Bi-based superconductors in magnetic fields up to 25 T (1992)

The irreversible strain limit εirrev for the onset of permanent axial strain damage to Ag-sheathed Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+x and Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x superconductors has been measured to be in the range of 0.2%–0.35%. This strain damage onset is about an order of magnitude higher than for bulk sintered Y-, Bi-, or Tl-based superconductors and is approaching practical values for magnet design. The measurements show that the value of εirrev is not dependent on magnetic field, nor does the critical current depend on strain below εirrev at least up to 25 T at 4.2 K. Both of these factors indicate that the observed strain effect in Ag-sheathed Bi-based superconductors is not intrinsic to the superconductor material. Rather, the effect is extrinsic and arises from superconductor fracture. Thus, the damage onset is amenable to further enhancement. Indeed, the data suggest that subdividing the superconductor into fine filaments or adding Ag to the superconductor powder prior to processing significantly enhances the damage threshold εirrev to above 0.6%.
Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Clinical and Immunological Aspects, Natural History, Cell of Origin, and Emerging Mouse Models (2013)

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare and currently incurable neoplasm of IgM-expressing B-lymphocytes that is characterized by the occurrence of a monoclonal IgM (mIgM) paraprotein in blood serum and the infiltration of the hematopoietic bone marrow with malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells. The symptoms of patients with WM can be attributed to the extent and tissue sites of tumor cell infiltration and the magnitude and immunological specificity of the paraprotein. WM presents fascinating clues on neoplastic B-cell development, including the recent discovery of a specific gain-of-function mutation in the MYD88 adapter protein. This not only provides an intriguing link to new findings that natural effector IgM(+)IgD(+) memory B-cells are dependent on MYD88 signaling, but also supports the hypothesis that WM derives from primitive, innate-like B-cells, such as marginal zone and B1 B-cells. Following a brief review of the clinical aspects and natural history of WM, this review discusses the thorny issue of WM's cell of origin in greater depth. Also included are emerging, genetically engineered mouse models of human WM that may enhance our understanding of the biologic and genetic underpinnings of the disease and facilitate the design and testing of new approaches to treat and prevent WM more effectively.
C–H bond activation and C–N coupling reactions of methylacetylenes and allenes with an imidotitanium complex (1998)

Reaction of an imidotitanium complex, stabilized by a tridentate diamidopyridine ligand, with the methyl acetylenes MeC2Me and MeC2Ph led to C–H-activation of the substrate and subsequent C–N coupling to give azatitana-tetracycles which may be viewed as dimetallated enamines; the same compounds were obtained in reactions with the allenes Me(H)CCCH2 and Ph(H)CCCH2.
Foundation analysis and design (1968)

Keywords: Fondation ; Mur de soutenement ; Pieux ; Capacite portante ; Ancrage ; Dimensionnement Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
Characterization of the Complete Genome of the Tupaia (Tree Shrew) Adenovirus (2003)

The members of the family Adenoviridae are widely spread among vertebrate host species and normally cause acute but innocuous infections. Special attention is focused on adenoviruses because of their ability to transform host cells, their possible application in vector technology, and their phylogeny. The primary structure of the genome of Tupaia adenovirus (TAV), which infects Tupaia spp. (tree shrew) was determined. Tree shrews are taxonomically assumed to be at the base of the phylogenetic tree of mammals and are frequently used as laboratory animals in neurological and behavior research. The TAV genome is 33,501 bp in length with a G+C content of 49.96% and has 166-bp inverted terminal repeats. Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence resulted in the identification of 109 open reading frames (ORFs) with a coding capacity of at least 40 amino acid residues. Thirty-eight of them are predicted to encode viral proteins based on the presence of transcription and translation signals and sequence and positional conservation. Thirty viral ORFs were found to show significant similarities to known adenoviral genes, arranged into discrete early and late genome regions as they are known from mastadenoviruses. Analysis of the nucleotide content of the TAV genome revealed a significant CG dinucleotide depletion at the genome ends that suggests methylation of these genomic regions during the viral life cycle. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral gene products, including penton and hexon proteins, viral protease, terminal protein, protein VIII, DNA polymerase, protein IVa2, and 100,000-molecular-weight protein, revealed that the evolutionary lineage of TAV forms a separate branch within the phylogenetic tree of the Mastadenovirus genus.
Multicomponent seismic data reconstruction using the quaternion Fourier transform and POCS (2011)

The quaternion Fourier transform is used to obtain a Fourier domain representation of a multicomponent seismic record. Projection Onto Convex Sets (POCS) is used as a means to reconstruct all three components at once. The results of this process are compared with standard component‐by‐component reconstruction. The algorithm is applied to 2D and 3D 3C synthetic data but it could be easily extended to a higher number of dimensions and components.
The Aims, Methods and Activity of the League of Nations. By the Secretariat of the League of Nations, Geneva. Rev. ed. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938. pp. 221. 50ȼ.) - Essential Facts about the League of Nations. By the Information Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations, Geneva. 9th ed. rev. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938. pp. 349. 25ȼ.) - The League from Year to Year (1937). By Information Section of the League of Nations, Geneva. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938. pp. 246. 25ȼ.) - Key to League of Nations Documents Placed on Public Sale, 1934—1936. By Marie J. Carroll. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938. pp. xxiv, 188. Index. $4.75.) (1939)

The Aims, Methods and Activity of the League of Nations. By the Secretariat of the League of Nations, Geneva. Rev. ed. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938. pp. 221. 50ȼ.) - Essential Facts about the League of Nations. By the Information Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations, Geneva. 9th ed. rev. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938. pp. 349. 25ȼ.) - The League from Year to Year (1937). By Information Section of the League of Nations, Geneva. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938. pp. 246. 25ȼ.) - Key to League of Nations Documents Placed on Public Sale, 1934—1936. By Marie J. Carroll. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938. pp. xxiv, 188. Index. $4.75.) - Volume 33 Issue 2
Specific LPA receptor subtype mediation of LPA‐induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and involvement of Akt and NFκB signal pathways (2007)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid with diverse functions mediated via G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In view of the elevated levels of LPA in acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients we have conducted studies aimed at identifying specific LPA receptor subtypes and signaling events that may mediate its actions in hypertrophic remodeling. Experiments were carried out in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) exposed to LPA and in a rat MI model. In NRCMs, LPA-induced hypertrophic growth was completely abrogated by DGPP, an LPA1/LPA3 antagonist. The LPA3 agonist OMPT, but not the LPA2 agonist dodecylphosphate, promoted hypertrophy as examined by 3[H]-Leucine incorporation, ANF-luciferase expression and cell area. In in vivo experiments, LPA1, LPA2 and LPA3 mRNA levels as well as LPA1 and LPA3 protein levels increased together with left ventricular remodeling (LVRM) after MI. In addition, LPA stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt and p65 protein and activated NF-kappaB-luciferase expression. Inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin), mTOR (rapamycin), and NF-kappaB (PDTC or SN50) effectively prevented LPA-induced 3[H]-Leucine incorporation and ANF-luciferase expression. Furthermore, ERK inhibitors (U0126 and PD98059) suppressed LPA-stimulated activation of NF-kappaB and p65 phosphorylation whereas wortmannin showed no effect on NF-kappaB activation. Our findings indicate that LPA3 and/or LPA1 mediate LPA-induced hypertrophy of NRCMs and that LPA1 and LPA3 may be involved in LVRM of MI rats. Moreover, Akt and NF-kappaB signaling pathways independently implicate in LPA-stimulated myocardial hypertrophic growth.
Hotspot-adapted cold plates to maximize system efficiency (2009)

This modeling study is focused on the potential and the limitations of hotspot-adapted liquid heat removal to improve on system pumping power and on the re-usability of output heat, for various packaging schemes at the component level.
Salivary Gland Tumors: Clinicopathologic analysis of 73 cases (2014)

Background: Salivary gland tumors are uncommon and constitute a highly heterogeneous histopathologic group of neoplasms. This retrospective study was done to investigate the clinicopathological profile, frequency, and distribution of salivary gland tumors in rural health care set-up in India. Study Design: The data was retrieved from the archival section of department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra, India. All cases diagnosed as salivary gland tumors from January, 2001 to December, 2012 were included in the study. Results: A total of 73 Salivary gland tumors were diagnosed over a period of 12 years representing a frequency of 3.38% from 2156 biopsy samples. Malignant tumors (56.16%) predominated over benign tumors (43.83%), with an age range of 16-76 years (mean 46.2 years). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent benign tumor (41.09%) while mucoepidermoid carcinoma (58.53%) was the most frequent malignant tumor. Overall sex distribution was almost equal (1:1.15). Palate was the most favored site amongst minor salivary glands while parotid gland was commonly affected major salivary gland. Intraosseous tumors were also noticed and all were malignant salivary gland tumors. Conclusion: The data discussed in this study was consistent with other hospital based studies with respect to age, sex, site, clinical presentation, and histopathological variants of salivary glands tumors.
Effects of Gaseous Ions on Tracheal Ciliary Rate. (1958)

Recent experiments have shown that + and − air ions have marked effects on ciliary rate and other properties of the mammalian trachea, both in vitro(3) and in vivo (4). It seems reasonable to conclude that these effects stem from physiologically significant alterations in state of gases present in ambient atmosphere and that deliberately produced changes in composition of this atmosphere would be reflected in the response of the tracheal tissue. The following experiments were performed to test this assumption.Methods. Anesthetized rabbits were tracheotomized and placed in humid-air ionizing chamber according to technic already described (4). Gases used were warmed to 25-28°C, bubbled through water, and blown continuously into the chamber. Since earlier work(2) had shown that presence of smog or cigarette smoke in ambient atmosphere altered the action of air ions on bacterial suspensions, cigarette smoke was employed in some of these experiments. It was produced in mechanical device operating under negativ...
Radiation and stress-induced apoptosis: A role for Fas/Fas ligand interactions (1997)

The lpr gene encodes a defective form of Fas, a cell surface protein that mediates apoptosis. This defect blocks apoptotic deletion of autoreactive T and B cells, leading to lymphoproliferation and lupus-like autoantibody production. The effects of the lpr Fas mutation on other kinds of physiologically relevant apoptosis are largely undocumented. To assess whether some of the apoptosis known to occur after ionizing radiation might be mediated by Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) interactions, we quantitated in vitro apoptosis by flow cytometry measurement of DNA content in splenic T and B cells from irradiated 5- to 8-month-old B6/lpr mice. Total apoptosis of both lpr and control cells was substantial after treatment; however there was a significant difference between B6 (73%) and lpr (25%) lymphocyte apoptosis. Thy1, CD4, CD8, and IgM cells from lpr showed much lower levels of apoptosis than control cells after irradiation. Apoptosis induced by heat shock was also impaired in lpr. The finding that gamma-irradiation increased Fas expression on B6 cells and that irradiation-induced apoptosis could be blocked with a Fas-Fc fusion protein further supported the possible involvement of Fas in this form of apoptosis. Fas/FasL interactions may thus play an important role in identifying and eliminating damaged cells after gamma-irradiation and other forms of injury.
Reaction of Sodium Nitrite and Sulfamic Acid (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Sodium Nitrite and Sulfamic AcidR. C. BrastedCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 7, 1111–1114Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60067a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60067a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1392Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Jaipur limb and foot (1994)

In the 12 years which have elapsed since the United Nations declared 1981 to be the Year of the Disabled, the number of amputees world-wide has risen alarmingly, continuing the pattern of the past 40 years, which have seen innumerable conflicts, large and small, with ever-increasing and indiscriminate use of 'improved' antipersonnel mines which have been sown in enormous numbers in rural areas. Even after fighting has ceased--as in Vietnam, which currently has some 200,000 amputees--fresh injuries are caused daily, often to children, by the long-delayed detonation of these weapons. Much of the research and development in prosthetics since World War II has concentrated on producing artificial limbs suitable for an affluent and industrialized society. These, being made from the most modern materials and incorporating the latest technology, are of necessity expensive even for affluent Americans or Europeans and quite out of reach for the 80 per cent of the world's amputees who live in the developing world and for the vast majority of whom these splendid prostheses may be entirely inappropriate. This article describes a foot and leg specifically designed to fit in with the customs and practices of just such people.
RBSLA: Rule-based Service Level Agreements (2007)

Automated management and monitoring of service contracts such as Service Level Agreements (SLAs) or higher-level policies are essential for efficient and reliable service-oriented architectures (SOA) with high quality of service levels (QoS). The domain typically faces rapidly changing business and system environments, huge amounts of scattered contracts and data, managed in distributed data sources, and a great variety of more or less cooperative roles involved during the contract life cylces. Moreover, correctness, reliability and traceability with respect to the contractual rules are vital to establish trust and fulfil legal compliance rules. In this project we developed a rule-based knowledge representation (KR) to describe SLAs in a formal way. The research draws on logic programming (LP) techniques as well as on new standards in the area of enterprise services computing, e.g. Complex Event Processing (CEP) and the Semantic Web.