gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P3 Event-Related Potential Amplitude and the Risk for Disinhibitory Disorders in Adolescent Boys (2002)

Small amplitude P3 may indicate genetic risk for a dimension of disinhibiting psychiatric disorders, including childhood externalizing, adult antisocial personality disorder, and substance use disorders.
Direct-write fabrication of a nanoscale digital logic element on a single nanowire (2010)

In this paper we report on the 'direct-write' fabrication and electrical characteristics of a nanoscale logic inverter, integrating enhancement-mode (E-mode) and depletion-mode (D-mode) field-effect transistors (FETs) on a single zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire. 'Direct-writing' of platinum metal electrodes and a dielectric layer is executed on individual single-crystalline ZnO nanowires using either a focused electron beam (FEB) or a focused ion beam (FIB). We fabricate a top-gate FET structure, in which the gate electrode wraps around the ZnO nanowire, resulting in a more efficient gate response than the conventional back-gate nanowire transistors. For E-mode device operation, the gate electrode (platinum) is deposited directly onto the ZnO nanowire by a FEB, which creates a Schottky barrier and in turn a fully depleted channel. Conversely, sandwiching an insulating layer between the FIB-deposited gate electrode and the nanowire channel makes D-mode operation possible. Integrated E- and D-mode FETs on a single nanowire exhibit the characteristics of a direct-coupled FET logic (DCFL) inverter with a high gain and noise margin.
PALM and STORM: What hides beyond the Rayleigh limit? (2009)

Super-resolution imaging allows the imaging of fluorescently labeled probes at a resolution of just tens of nanometers, surpassing classic light microscopy by at least one order of magnitude. Recent advances such as the development of photo-switchable fluorophores, high-sensitivity microscopes and single particle localization algorithms make super-resolution imaging rapidly accessible to the wider life sciences research community. As we take our first steps in deciphering the roles and behaviors of individual molecules inside their living cellular environment, a new world of research opportunities beckons. Here we discuss some of the latest developments achieved with these techniques and emerging areas where super-resolution will give fundamental new "eye" sight to cell biology.
Well Testing with a Permanent Monitoring System (2000)

Abstract An extended welltest was successfully performed on a deep, sour, high-pressure, high temperature remote onshore appraisal well using a permanent downhole monitoring system. Prior to the six-month extended test an initial test and stimulation treatment was performed on the well. The permanent monitoring system provided continuous pressure, temperature and rate measurement data in a technically challenging completion environment. Complete and accurate data was obtained on-line for performance monitoring, reservoir simulation and analytical test analysis. Unforeseen completion challenges and wellbore restrictions would have resulted in alternative conventional data collection methods yielding severely restricted data suites and test results.
ORGAN CULTURE FOR THYMUS TRANSPLANTATION1 (1996)

A method is presented for organ culture of postnatal thymus. Such tissue has been used for transplantation for nearly 20 years, but lasting benefit has been observed only in patients with the DiGeorge anomaly. Transplantation in other diseases has produced little or no results. Recently, improved methods for preparing the tissue as well as modifications of the culture media show marked improvement in quality and quantity of tissue suitable for transplant. In addition, using recently available monoclonal antibodies, preservation of vital stromal components can be monitored. The availability of reasonable amounts of high quality thymus tissue for transplantation may stimulate interest in further clinical trials where thymus transplantation may augment or restore T cell immunity.
Amino Acid Composition and Properties of Crystalline Lactate Dehydrogenase X from Mouse Testes (1972)

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) X has been isolated in crystalline form from mouse testes. Homogeneity of the protein preparation was established by disc gel electrophoresis, analytical ultracentrifugation, and immunochemical analyses. LDH-X is clearly distinct in amino acid composition from LDH-1 and LDH-5 with respect to numbers of residues of leucine, glycine, threonine, and methionine. When 6 to 8 moles of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate are bound per mole of LDH-X substantial enzymic activity remains. A molecular weight of 140,000, comparable to that of beef heart LDH-1, was determined for LDH-X by zone velocity sedimentation in an isokinetic sucrose gradient. When LDH-X is incubated at 65° for 20 min it retains 65% of its original activity as compared to the virtually complete inactivation of LDH-1 and LDH-5.
Goal-oriented Quantitative Software Project Control. (2008)

Detecting and reacting to critical project states in order to achieve planned goals is one key issue in performing a software development project successfully and staying competitive as a software development company. Software Project Control Centers support the management and controlling of software and system development projects and provide a single point of project control, which addresses distributed software development in particular. One key element of such control centers is the analysis, interpretation, and visualization of measurement data used to support various stakeholders in controlling a software development project. Currently, many companies are developing their own control centers (typically simple dashboards). However, support for identifying suitable indicators and integrating appropriate custom-tailored control mechanisms into control centers is widely missing. Usually, these control centers provide a fixed set of predefined mechanisms and measures for project control that cannot be sufficiently customized to project and orga¬nizational specifics. This thesis will introduce the Specula project control approach for goal-oriented composition of project control centers. The focus is on how to describe and combine control components and how to select the right components based on explicitly defined measurement goals. It provides (a) a conceptual model for formally specifying relationships between applied control components (data collection procedures, purpose-oriented control techniques, and role-dependent visualization mechanisms), (b) a logical reference architecture for implementing control centers, (c) a repository of standard control components, (d) a methodology for selecting and adapting control components based on explicitly defined measurement goals with respect to project control, and (e) a prototype tool supporting the overall approach. The approach was evaluated in industrial case studies including 9 projects from different domains with different existing project control mechanisms in place. The validation demonstrated, for instance, that 80% of plan deviations and project risks were found earlier than when using a traditional approach to project control. Moreover, 20% of the deviations and risks found by Specula had not been detected at all by the traditional approach. Furthermore, the general usability and ease of use of the Specula approach was illustrated.
Refactoring Databases: Evolutionary Database Design (2006)

Refactoring has proven its value in a wide range of development projects–helping software professionals improve system designs, maintainability, extensibility, and performance. Now, for the first time, leading agile methodologist Scott Ambler and renowned consultant Pramodkumar Sadalage introduce powerful refactoring techniques specifically designed for database systems. Ambler and Sadalage demonstrate how small changes to table structures, data, stored procedures, and triggers can significantly enhance virtually any database design–without changing semantics. You’ll learn how to evolve database schemas in step with source code–and become far more effective in projects relying on iterative, agile methodologies. This comprehensive guide and reference helps you overcome the practical obstacles to refactoring real-world databases by covering every fundamental concept underlying database refactoring. Using start-to-finish examples, the authors walk you through refactoring simple standalone database applications as well as sophisticated multi-application scenarios. You’ll master every task involved in refactoring database schemas, and discover best practices for deploying refactorings in even the most complex production environments. The second half of this book systematically covers five major categories of database refactorings. You’ll learn how to use refactoring to enhance database structure, data quality, and referential integrity; and how to refactor both architectures and methods. This book provides an extensive set of examples built with Oracle and Java and easily adaptable for other languages, such as C#, C++, or VB.NET, and other databases, such as DB2, SQL Server, MySQL, and Sybase. Using this book’s techniques and examples, you can reduce waste, rework, risk, and cost–and build database systems capable of evolving smoothly, far into the future.
Security constraint processing during the update operation in a multilevel secure database management system (2002)

In a multilevel secure database management system (MLS/DBMS), users cleared at different security levels access and share a database consisting of data at different sensitivity levels (also called security levels) to data is one which utilizes security constraints or classification rules. Security constraints provide an effective and versatile classification policy. They can be used to assign security levels to the data depending on the content, context, and time. Security constraints are a special form of integrity constraints enforced in a MLS/DBMS. As such, they can be handled during query processing, during database updates or during database design. The authors describe in detail the design and implementation of a secure update processor which handles security constraints in a multilevel secure database management system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2′-O,4′-C-Methylene Bridged Nucleic Acid Modification Promotes Pyrimidine Motif Triplex DNA Formation at Physiological pH (2001)

Extreme instability of pyrimidine motif triplex DNA at physiological pH severely limits its use in an artificial control of gene expression in vivo. Stabilization of the pyrimidine motif triplex at physiological pH is, therefore, crucial in improving its therapeutic potential. To this end, we have investigated the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of our previously reported chemical modification, 2'-O,4'-C-methylene bridged nucleic acid (2',4'-BNA) modification of triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO), on pyrimidine motif triplex formation at physiological pH. The thermodynamic analyses indicated that the 2',4'-BNA modification of TFO increased the binding constant of the pyrimidine motif triplex formation at neutral pH by approximately 20 times. The number and position of the 2',4'-BNA modification introduced into the TFO did not significantly affect the magnitude of the increase in the binding constant. The consideration of the observed thermodynamic parameters suggested that the increased rigidity itself of the 2',4'-BNA-modified TFO in the free state relative to the unmodified TFO may enable the significant increase in the binding constant at neutral pH. Kinetic data demonstrated that the observed increase in the binding constant at neutral pH by the 2',4'-BNA modification of TFO resulted from the considerable decrease in the dissociation rate constant. Our results certainly support the idea that the 2',4'-BNA modification of TFO could be a key chemical modification and may eventually lead to progress in therapeutic applications of the antigene strategy in vivo.
Molecular characterization of the <i>cai</i> operon necessary for carnitine metabolism in <i>Escherichia coii</i> (1994)

The sequence encompassing the cai genes of Escherichia coli, which encode the carnitine pathway, has been determined. Apart from the already identified caiB gene coding for the carnitine dehydratase, five additional open reading frames were identified. They belong to the caiTABCDE operon, which was shown to be located at the first minute on the chromosome and transcribed during anaerobic growth in the presence of carnitine. The activity of carnitine dehydratase was dependent on the CRP regulatory protein and strongly enhanced in the absence of a functional H-NS protein, in relation to the consensus sequences detected in the promoter region of the cai operon. In vivo expression studies led to the synthesis of five polypeptides in addition to CaiB, with predicted molecular masses of 56,613 Da (CaiT), 42,564 Da (CaiA), 59,311 Da (CaiC), 32,329 Da (CaiD) and 21,930 Da (CaiE). Amino acid sequence similarity or enzymatic analysis supported the function assigned to each protein. CaiT was suggested to be the transport system for carnitine or betaines, CaiA an oxidoreduction enzyme, and CaiC a crotonobetaine/carnitine CoA ligase. CaiD bears strong homology with enoyl hydratases/isomerases. Overproduction of CaiE was shown to stimulate the carnitine racemase activity of the CaiD protein and to markedly increase the basal level of carnitine dehydratase activity. It is inferred that CaiE is an enzyme involved in the synthesis or the activation of the still unknown cofactor required for carnitine dehydratase and carnitine racemase activities. Taken together, these data suggest that the carnitine pathway in E. coli resembles that found in a strain situated between Agrobacterium and Rhizobium.
Fatigue Risks in the Connections of Sign Support Structures (2013)

This research effort develops a reliability-based approach for prescribing inspection intervals for mast-arm sign support structures corresponding to user-specified levels of fatigue-induced fracture risk. The resulting level of risk for a particular structure is dependent upon its geographical location, the type of connection it contains, the orientation of its mast-arm relative to north and the number of years it has been in service. The results of this research effort indicate that implementation of state-of-the-art reliability-based assessment procedures can contribute very valuable procedures for assigning inspection protocols (i.e. inspection intervals) that are based upon probabilities of finding fatigue-induced cracking in these structures. The engineering community can use the results of this research effort to design inspection intervals based upon risk and thereby better align inspection needs with limited fiscal and human resources.
RDL Multilayer Metallization Approaches for TGV (2017)

Significant advances have been accomplished in the field of Through Glass Via (TGV) technology; enabling a new generation of electronic designs that achieve higher performance, while leveraging low cost system solutions. Through-hole creation methods in glass have been optimized for mass production with consistent via diameter, shape and wall chemistry/morphology. This has enabled the development of unique copper via metallization materials that exhibit very high conductivity, thermal expansion matching and hermeticity. This paper will discuss post via metallization processes for multilayer RDL (Redistribution Layer) metallization on both sides of the glass wafer. Unique Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) development approaches for glass wafers with copper thick film vias will be explained. Thin film deposited adhesion layer on glass, followed by a deposited metallization layer will be described. Types of deposited adhesion layer on glass for optimized adhesion and electrical contact with the vias will be examined. Furthermore, copper plating approaches for higher conductivity and fine line circuit patterning are examined. Polymeric dielectric material systems for multilayer RDL on both sides of the glass will also be reviewed.
Introducing Enzo, an AMR Cosmology Application (2004)

In this paper we introduce Enzo, a 3D MPI-parallel Eulerian block-structured adaptive mesh refinement cosmology code. Enzo is designed to simulate cosmological structure formation, but can also be used to simulate a wide range of astrophysical situations. Enzo solves dark matter N-body dynamics using the particle-mesh technique. The Poisson equation is solved using a combination of fast fourier transform (on a periodic root grid) and multigrid techniques (on non-periodic subgrids). Euler's equations of hydrodynamics are solved using a modified version of the piecewise parabolic method. Several additional physics packages are implemented in the code, including several varieties of radiative cooling, a metagalactic ultraviolet background, and prescriptions for star formation and feedback. We also show results illustrating properties of the adaptive mesh portion of the code. Enzo is publicly available and can be downloaded at http://cosmos.ucsd.edu/enzo/ .
How to Get the Most from Artificial Insemination (1950)

Results from artificial insemination can be every bit as good as results from natural breeding in your dairy herd. Where all other factors are equal, the conception rate obtained with artificial insemination is equal to that of natural breeding.
Exchange-coupled Sm–Co/Nd–Co nanomagnets: correlation between soft phase anisotropy and exchange field (2002)

The effect of the magnetic anisotropy of the Nd–Co soft phase on its exchange field (Hex) is reported for epitaxial Sm–Co/Nd–Co bilayers. It is found that Hex gradually increases with anisotropy K of the soft phase. The experimental values of Hex as well as its variation with K are quantitatively interpreted using an analytical model based on the formation of a partial domain wall on the soft phase side of the interface. The results suggest that one can enhance Hex, and hence, the volume fraction of the soft phase for effective exchange spring coupling between the hard and soft phases, by tailoring the anisotropy of the soft phase.
Possible physiological role of myocardial fatty acid binding protein in phospholipid biosynthesis. (1992)

Accumulation of free fatty acids and their esters resulting from the degradation of membrane phospholipids is one of the major causes for the myocardial dysfunction during ischemia and reperfusion. In this communication, we have studied the possible physiological role played by fatty acid binding protein (FABP) in stimulating key enzymes involved in phospholipid biosynthesis. Purified rat heart FABP bound a maximum of either 2 mol of [1- 14C]palmitoyl coenzyme A (CoA), oleoyl CoA, or oleic acid per mol of FABP as observed by Scatchard analysis. FABP caused a threefold increase in the incorporation of [1- 14C]palmitoyl CoA into phosphatidic acid as compared to only a 1.5-fold increase by bovine serum albumin (BSA). Myocardial FABP also enhanced acyl CoA monoacylglycerophosphorylcholine acyl transferase minimally at a substrate concentration (greater than 200 microM), the activity of this enzyme was enhanced 4.5- and 2-fold by FABP and BSA, respectively. The maximum stimulation of the enzyme activity took place at the fatty acyl CoA concentration where inhibition of the enzyme activity is usually observed due to the surfactive property of acyl CoAs. These results thus indicate that under abnormal pathophysiological conditions such as ischemia, when acyl CoA concentration increases, FABP may protect acyl CoA monoacylglycerophosphorylcholine acyl transferase as well as stimulate glycerophosphate acyl transferase to limit the loss of membrane phospholipids, suggesting a possible role of FABP in phospholipid biosynthesis.
Coherent, broadband midinfrared terahertz beam sensors (1998)

With proper selection of the electro-optic terahertz (THz) wave emitter and sensor crystals, we demonstrate the coherent measurement of free-space broadband radiation spanning 100 GHz to over 30 THz. This effort supports the feasibility of midinfrared time-domain spectroscopy.
Effect of Gelatin on Heparin Regulation of Cytokine Release from Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels (2008)

The hypothesis that incorporation of small amounts (0.3% w/w) of modified heparin in thiol-modified hyaluronan or HA and gelatin hydrogels would regulate release of cytokine growth factors (GFs) from those gels has been investigated in vitro. In addition, the physiologic response to gel implantation has been evaluated in vivo. Tests were performed with 6 GFs: basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), keratinocyte growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF), and transforming growth factor-beta 1. Release profiles for all 6 over several weeks were well fit by first order exponential kinetics (R(2) > 0.9 for all cases). The most remarkable result of the experiment was a dramatic variation in the total mass ultimately released, which varied from as much as 90.2% of the initial load for bFGF to as little as 1.8% for PDGF, a 45-fold difference. Furthermore, gels containing either VEGF of Ang-1 produced twice the vascularization response in vivo as gels not containing a growth factor. Thus, those GFs maintained strong physiologic effectiveness.
Piezoresistivity in vapor-deposited diamond films (1992)

We report the observation of a very large piezoresistive effect in both polycrystalline and homoepitaxial chemical-vapor-deposited diamond films. The gauge factor for polycrystalline p-type diamond at 500 microstrains was found to be only 6 at room ambient, but increased rapidly with temperature, exceeding that of polycrystalline silicon (30) at 35 °C, and that of single-crystal Si (120) at 50 °C. For strain and current flow in the [100] direction, the gauge factor of a (100)-oriented homoepitaxial diamond film was found to be at least 550 at room temperature. Although the origins and unexpected temperature dependence of piezoresistive effect in diamond are not yet understood, these findings may suggest diamond-based sensors with performance significantly superior to that of their Si counterparts.
Mitsuaria chitosanitabida gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic, chitosanase-producing member of the ‘Betaproteobacteria’ (2005)

Four strains (3001(T), 2, 12 and 13), which were isolated as chitosanase-producing bacteria from soil from Matsue city (Japan), were studied phenotypically, genotypically and phylogenetically. Based on sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, DNA G+C content (67.4-69.2 mol%), quinone type (UQ-8), major fatty acid composition (3-OH 10:0, 3-OH 14:0) and other phylogenetic studies, strains 3001(T), 12 and 13 were found to occupy a separate position in the 'Betaproteobacteria'. Roseateles depolymerans, Rubrivivax gelatinosus and Ideonella dechloratans were their closest neighbours (93-95% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The 16S rRNA gene sequence and other characteristics suggested that strain 2 belonged to the genus Flavobacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments supported the conclusion that strains 3001(T), 12 and 13 were of the same species (72-78% DNA hybridization) and only distantly related to I. dechloratans and R. gelatinosus. It is proposed that strains 3001(T), 12 and 13 represent a novel genus and species for which the name Mitsuaria chitosanitabida gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Mitsuaria chitosanitabida is 3001(T) (=IAM 14711(T)=ATCC BAA-476(T)).