gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleaved word and bit disturbs in ratchet writing (1966)

Ratchet writing is employed as a means of storing information in certain NDRO memories. This mode of writing permits multiple-word organization. However, when this is done the memory elements are subjected to a new kind of worst-case disturb pattern consisting of interleaved bit- and word-disturb pulses. The interleaved pattern is more destructive than either bit or word disturbs alone. A theory is developed which explains this effect as being due to a reduction in the threshold field of the magnetic material between the storage and interrogate holes caused by a pair of ratchet pulses. Expressions are found which predict the amount of walkdown of stored information due to an interleaved disturb program in terms of core geometry and material properties. It is found that a minimum walkdown of about 17 percent can be expected in all cases.
Development of a new generation of high-resolution anatomical models for medical device evaluation: the Virtual Population 3.0 (2014)

The Virtual Family computational whole-body anatomical human models were originally developed for electromagnetic (EM) exposure evaluations, in particular to study how absorption of radiofrequency radiation from external sources depends on anatomy. However, the models immediately garnered much broader interest and are now applied by over 300 research groups, many from medical applications research fields. In a first step, the Virtual Family was expanded to the Virtual Population to provide considerably broader population coverage with the inclusion of models of both sexes ranging in age from 5 to 84 years old. Although these models have proven to be invaluable for EM dosimetry, it became evident that significantly enhanced models are needed for reliable effectiveness and safety evaluations of diagnostic and therapeutic applications, including medical implants safety. This paper describes the research and development performed to obtain anatomical models that meet the requirements necessary for medical implant safety assessment applications. These include implementation of quality control procedures, re-segmentation at higher resolution, more-consistent tissue assignments, enhanced surface processing and numerous anatomical refinements. Several tools were developed to enhance the functionality of the models, including discretization tools, posing tools to expand the posture space covered, and multiple morphing tools, e.g., to develop pathological models or variations of existing ones. A comprehensive tissue properties database was compiled to complement the library of models. The results are a set of anatomically independent, accurate, and detailed models with smooth, yet feature-rich and topologically conforming surfaces. The models are therefore suited for the creation of unstructured meshes, and the possible applications of the models are extended to a wider range of solvers and physics. The impact of these improvements is shown for the MRI exposure of an adult woman with an orthopedic spinal implant. Future developments include the functionalization of the models for specific physical and physiological modeling tasks.
Dried Cow Manure and Dried Rumen Contents As a Partial Substitute for Alfalfa Leaf Meal (1944)

HAMMOND (1942) reviewed the literature pertaining to the synthesis of vitamins of the B-G Complex in the rumen of the cow and reported his experimental finding that the addition of dried cow manure to a diet deficient in riboflavin improved growth in chickens and was not detrimental when added to a complete diet. Alfalfa leaf meal is known to be a source of several vitamins but is used in poultry diets chiefly as a source of vitamin A and riboflavin. An acute shortage of alfalfa products in the spring of 1943 made the formulation of substitutes imperative. Accordingly a series of experiments was conducted for the purpose of finding combinations of feedstuffs that could be used in place of alfalfa leaf meal. EXPERIMENTAL In an exploratory trial it was found that when the 8 percent of alfalfa leaf meal in a certain simple wartime diet for chicks was replaced by . . .
Measurement and Prediction of Dielectric Properties of Biscuit Dough at 27 Mhz (1998)

Dielectric properties of baked dough samples of various moisture contents, temperatures and densities were measured at 27 MHz with a parallel plate capacitor connected to an Impedance Analyzer (HP 4194A). As a basis for the dielectric prediction model, statistical equations were developed from measurements of the solid density and the solid dielectric properties of flour-water mixtures at various moistures between 2% and 100% moisture. A square root dielectric mixture equation was selected and combined with the regression equations to give modified prediction equations for the dielectric properties of baked dough as functions of moisture content and bulk density at room temperature. These prediction models were further developed by introducing temperature correction terms. These developed models successfully predicted the dielectric properties ofbaked dough at different moisture content, density and high temperature.
High-Dose Senna Compared with Conventional PEG-ES Lavage as Bowel Preparation for Elective Colonoscopy: A Prospective, Randomized, Investigator-Blinded Trial (2005)

An oral high dose of senna is a valid alternative to standard PEG-ES for outpatient colonoscopy preparation.
An all-digital PLL using random modulation for SSC generation in 65nm CMOS (2013)

This paper introduces a digital PLL which uses high-frequency random modulation (RM), as opposed to low-frequency periodic modulation, to generate a spread spectrum clock (SSC). The implementation is straightforward and reduces accumulated jitter substantially (by a factor of 8 in our implementation) with no penalty to EMI reduction or to period jitter. As a key advantage, the proposed design allows one to reduce the depth of FIFOs needed for high-data-rate peripherals or to remove it completely in case of low-data-rate interfaces.
The Voltage Regulation of a Buck Converter Using a Neural Network Predictive Controller (2020)

In this paper, a neural network predictive controller (NNPC) is proposed to control a buck converter. Conventional controllers such as proportional-integral (PI) or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) are designed based on the linearized small-signal model near the operating point. Therefore, the performance of the controller in the start-up, load change, or reference change is not optimal since the system model changes by changing the operating point. The neural network predictive controller optimally controls the buck converter by following the concept of the traditional model predictive controller. The advantage of the NNPC is that the neural network system identification decreases the inaccuracy of the system model with inaccurate parameters. A NNPC with a well-trained neural network can perform as an optimal controller for the buck converter. To compare the effectiveness of the traditional buck converter and the NNPC, the simulation results are provided.
Dit is de mooiste school die we ooit hebben gebouwd (2016)

Het Nijmeegse Pro College betrok na de zomervakantie een gloednieuw gebouw. Bouwbedrijf Lithos neemt voor maar liefst veertig jaar het onderhoud van deze praktijkschool op zich. Wesley Veekman van PPSsupport, nu PIANOÂ°, sprak met school, aannemer en adviseur TNO over hoe pionieren met een geÃ¯ntegreerde aanbesteding tot een fraai eindresultaat leidde
Sympathetic ophthalmia: to the twenty-first century and beyond (2013)

Sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare bilateral granulomatous inflammation that follows accidental or surgical insult to the uvea of one eye. Onset of sympathetic ophthalmia can be insidious or acute, with recurrent periods of exacerbation. Clinical presentation shows mutton-fat keratic precipitates, choroidal infiltrations, and Dalen-Fuchs nodules. Histopathology reveals diffuse or nodular granulomatous inflammation of the uvea. Prevention and treatment strategies for sympathetic ophthalmia are currently limited to two modalities, enucleation of the injured eye and immunosuppressive therapy, aimed at controlling inflammation. The etiology and pathophysiology of the disease is still unclear but is largely thought to be autoimmune in nature. Recent insight on the molecular pathology of the disease as well as developments in imaging technology have furthered both the understanding on the autoimmune process in sympathetic ophthalmia and the targeting of prevention and treatment strategies for the future.
Network dynamics of 3D engineered neuronal cultures: a new experimental model for in-vitro electrophysiology (2014)

Despite the extensive use of in-vitro models for neuroscientific investigations and notwithstanding the growing field of network electrophysiology, all studies on cultured cells devoted to elucidate neurophysiological mechanisms and computational properties, are based on 2D neuronal networks. These networks are usually grown onto specific rigid substrates (also with embedded electrodes) and lack of most of the constituents of the in-vivo like environment: cell morphology, cell-to-cell interaction and neuritic outgrowth in all directions. Cells in a brain region develop in a 3D space and interact with a complex multi-cellular environment and extracellular matrix. Under this perspective, 3D networks coupled to micro-transducer arrays, represent a new and powerful in-vitro model capable of better emulating in-vivo physiology. In this work, we present a new experimental paradigm constituted by 3D hippocampal networks coupled to Micro-Electrode-Arrays (MEAs) and we show how the features of the recorded network dynamics differ from the corresponding 2D network model. Further development of the proposed 3D in-vitro model by adding embedded functionalized scaffolds might open new prospects for manipulating, stimulating and recording the neuronal activity to elucidate neurophysiological mechanisms and to design bio-hybrid microsystems.
Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation Genes (1986)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
Aberrant Levels of Cystatin C in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (2018)

Evidences suggest that Cystatin C (Cys C) levels might be a biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosis, but the conclusion is still in doubts. We conducted a systematic review and meta analysis of Cys C levels in cerebrospinal cord fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood of patients with ALS in order to further confirm whether or not Cys C levels is a biomarker in ALS diagnosis. The English relevant studies without year limitation were systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science databases. The searched term contained "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" or "Motor Neuron Diseases" and "Cystatin C" and "Cerebrospinal fluid" or "CSF" or "Biomarker" or "Serum" or "Plasma" or "Blood". Observational studies reporting the associations between Cys C levels and ALS patients were selected to conduct a systematic review and meta analysis. Two reviewers performed the selection of this study independently. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assesses the quality and risk of bias of selected studies. Estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. The Cys C levels of CSF or peripheral blood in ALS patients compared with health controls (HCs) and several relevant neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Sixteen studies were included in our systematic review, 9 of them were selected to perform the meta analysis. Of these, eight studies measured Cys C levels in CSF and three studies measured it in blood. Cys C levels in CSF were significantly lower in ALS patients than in HCs (Hedge's g = -1.398, 95%CI: -2.43 to -0.36; p = 0.008), but there was no statistical difference between ALS patients and several relevant NDDs. No statistically significant difference in the Cys C levels of blood in the comparison between ALS and HCs. The correlation meta analysis presented no significant correlation between Cys C levels in CSF and age or disease duration respectively. Cys C levels significantly decrease in the CSF of ALS patients, but are not a specific biomarker for this disease. Cys C levels in CSF might be an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker of ALS.
A self-organizing neural network model for redundant sensory-motor control, motor equivalence, and tool use (2003)

A neural network is introduced which provides a solution of the classical motor equivalence problem, whereby many different joint configurations of a redundant manipulator can all be used to realize a desired trajectory in 3-D space. To do this, the network self-organizes a mapping from motion directions in 3-D space to velocity commands in joint space. Computer simulations demonstrated that without any additional learning the network can generate accurate movement commands that compensate for variable tool lengths, clamping of joints, distortions of visual input by a prism, and unexpected limb perturbations. Blind reaches have also been simulated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Motion Based X-Ray Imaging Modality (2014)

A new X-ray imaging method (patent pending) was developed to visualize function-related motion information. We modify existing X-ray imaging methods to provide four images without increasing the necessary measurement time or radiation dose. The most important of these images is a new "kinetic" image that represents motions inside the object or living body. The motion-based contrast of the kinetic image can help visualize details that were not accessible before. The broad range of the movements and high sensitivity of the method are illustrated by imaging the mechanics of a working clock and the chest of a living African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The heart, valves, aorta, and lungs of the frog are clearly visualized in spite of the low soft tissue contrast of the animal. The new technology also reconstructs a "static" image similar to the existing conventional X-ray image. The static image shows practically the same information as the conventional image. The new technology presents two more images which show the point-wise errors of the static and kinetic images. This technique gives a better estimation of errors than present methods because it is based entirely on measured data. The new technology could be used in imaging cardiopulmonary movements, nondestructive testing, or port security screening.
Directed Transport by Surface Chemical Potential Gradients for Enhancing Analyte Collection in Nanoscale Sensors (2015)

Nanoscale detectors hold great promise for single molecule detection and the analysis of small volumes of dilute samples. However, the probability of an analyte reaching the nanosensor in a dilute solution is extremely low due to the sensor's small size. Here, we examine the use of a chemical potential gradient along a surface to accelerate analyte capture by nanoscale sensors. Utilizing a simple model for transport induced by surface binding energy gradients, we study the effect of the gradient on the efficiency of collecting nanoparticles and single and double stranded DNA. The results indicate that chemical potential gradients along a surface can lead to an acceleration of analyte capture by several orders of magnitude compared to direct collection from the solution. The improvement in collection is limited to a relatively narrow window of gradient slopes, and its extent strongly depends on the size of the gradient patch. Our model allows the optimization of gradient layouts and sheds light on the fundamental characteristics of chemical potential gradient induced transport.
Hemodynamics and mechanical behaviors of aortic heart valves: A numerical evaluation (2011)

This study investigates the hemodynamics of aortic heart valves under normal conditions as well as two severe diseases, which would be fundamentals for an assessment of mechanical behaviors of polyurethane (PU) prosthetic heart valves. Analysis results highlight that leaflet opening situation and valve geometry affect the shear stress distribution and vortex flow regime. The interactive impact between low and high wall shear stress on relation to heart valve diseases have been also demonstrated. The results show that low density PU material achieves good hydrodynamic function but produces high stress, while high density PU resists motion of leaflet but reduces the stress significantly. This study also proves that low Young's modulus PU leaflets achieve good hydrodynamic function while reducing the stress exerted upon the leaflets, and vice versa for high Young's modulus.
Pattern Recognition, Functionals, and Entropy (1968)

Pattern recognition (including sound recognition) is described mathematically as the problem to compute for any element of a given class its image in a classification set. The difficulty lies in the fact that the map may be implicitly defined by a property or must be extrapolated from prototypes. An entropy measure and an equivocation measure are defined that permit an assessment of the improvement gained (and the price in confusion paid) by a set of Linear ``features'' are identified as measures and L <R xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</R> functions, respectively. It is shown that certain important normalizations (position, size, pitch, etc.) are nonlinear operations. Finally, the method of spectral analysis which is widely used for speech analysis is examined critically. It is shown that contrary to common belief Fourier analysis is not very suitable for detecting certain speech particles (consonants, stops, etc.).
Prostatic cellular changes after injection of cadmium and lead into rat prostate. (1978)

Presently the chemical process industry is experiencing erosion in economic performance due to several factors, namely fluctuating raw material and energy costs, increased competition due to globalization, closer scrutiny on the environmental impact amongst others. The need to utilize the assets on ground optimally is being critically felt. Moreover, the optimum plant performance settings are now constrained also by the environmental impact of these decisions. In the paper, a novel, generalized approach is discussed to address these complex needs. This approach is based on hierarchical decomposition techniques. Salient features of this approach and a brief discussion on the attempt made so far in literature are presented.
Stimulation of aortic smooth muscle cell mitogenesis by serotonin. (1986)

Bovine aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro responded to 1 nM to 10 microM serotonin with increased incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. The mitogenic effect of serotonin was half-maximal at 80 nM and maximal above 1 microM. At a concentration of 1 microM, serotonin stimulated smooth muscle cell mitogenesis to the same extent as human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) at 12 ng/ml. Tryptamine was approximately 1/10th as potent as serotonin as a mitogen for smooth muscle cells. Other indoles that are structurally related to serotonin (D- and L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, melatonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 5-hydroxytryptophol) and quipazine were inactive. The stimulatory effect of serotonin on smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis required prolonged (20-24 hr) exposure to the agonist and was attenuated in the presence of serotonin D receptor antagonists. When smooth muscle cells were incubated with submaximal concentrations of serotonin and PDGF, synergistic rather than additive mitogenic responses were observed. These data indicate that serotonin has a significant mitogenic effect on smooth muscle cells in vitro, which appears to be mediated by specific plasma membrane receptors.
AST Composite Wing Program---Executive Summary (2001)

The Boeing Company demonstrated the application of stitched/resin infused (S/RFI) composite materials on commercial transport aircraft primary wing structures under the Advanced Subsonic technology (AST) Composite Wing contract, NAS1-20546. This report describes a weight trade study utilizing a wing torque box design applicable to a 220-passenger commercial aircraft and was used to verify the weight savings a S/RFI structure would offer compared to an identical aluminum wing box design. This trade study was performed in the AST Composite Wing program, and the overall weight savings are reported. Previous program work involved the design of a S/RFI-baseline wing box structural test component and its associated testing hardware. This detail structural design effort which is known as the in this report, was completed under a previous NASA contract (NAS1-18862). The full-scale wing design was based on a configuration for a MD-90-40X airplane, and the objective of this structural test component was to demonstrate the maturity of the S/RFI technology through the evaluation of a full-scale wing box/fuselage section structural test. However, scope reductions of the AST Composite Wing Program prevented the fabrication and evaluation of this wing box structure. Results obtained from the weight trade study, the full-scale test component design effort, fabrication, design development testing, and full-scale testing of the semi-span wing box are reported.
Magnetroviscoelastic behavior of composite gels (1995)

Abstract Dynamic viscoelasticity of silicone gels having many lines of dispersed iron particles under the influence of external magnetic fields was studied. The particulate composite enhanced its elastic modulus by action of magnetic fields. The magnetroviscoelastic behavior was caused by the cohesive forces between magnetically polarized particles and was analyzed using a simple model of induced dipole‐induced dipole interactions. The presented results provide insight into the relationship between macroscopic viscoelastic behavior of the composite gels and the microscopic bondings between dispersed particles. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Restrictive clustering and metaclustering for self-organizing document collections (2004)

This paper addresses the problem of automatically structuring heterogenous document collections by using clustering methods. In contrast to traditional clustering, we study restrictive methods and ensemble-based meta methods that may decide to leave out some documents rather than assigning them to inappropriate clusters with low confidence. These techniques result in higher cluster purity, better overall accuracy, and make unsupervised self-organization more robust. Our comprehensive experimental studies on three different real-world data collections demonstrate these benefits. The proposed methods seem particularly suitable for automatically substructuring personal email folders or personal Web directories that are populated by focused crawlers, and they can be combined with supervised classification techniques.
Image background search: combining object detection techniques with content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems (2003)

A framework for combining object detection techniques with a content based image retrieval (CBIR) system is discussed. As an example, a special CBIR system which focuses on human faces as foreground and decides the similarity of images based on background features is presented. This system may be useful in automatically generating albums from consumer photos.
Coherent detection of phase-shift keying signals using digital carrier-phase estimation (2006)

We describe a phase-diversity optical homodyne receiver for demodulating M-array phase-shift keying (PSK) signals, which is based on digital carrier-phase estimation. Bit-error rate measurements in 2-, 4- and 8-PSK systems are demonstrated with such receiver.