gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermogenic Responses in Brown Fat Cells Are Fully UCP1-dependent (2000)

To examine the thermogenic significance of the classical uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), the thermogenic potential of brown adipocytes isolated from UCP1-ablated mice was investigated. Ucp1(-/-) cells had a basal metabolic rate identical to wild-type; the mitochondria within them were coupled to the same degree. The response to norepinephrine in wild-type cells was robust ( approximately 10-fold increase in thermogenesis); Ucp1(-/-) cells only responded approximately 3% of this. Ucp1(-/-) cells were as potent as wild-type in norepinephrine-induced cAMP accumulation and lipolysis and had a similar mitochondrial respiratory complement. In wild-type cells, fatty acids induced a thermogenic response similar to norepinephrine, but fatty acids (and retinoate) were practically without effect in Ucp1(-/-) cells. It is concluded that no other adrenergically induced thermogenic mechanism exists in brown adipocytes except that mediated by UCP1 and that entopic expression of UCP1 does not lead to overt innate uncoupling, and it is suggested that fatty acids are transformed to an intracellular physiological activator of UCP1. High expression of UCP2 and UCP3 in the tissue was not associated with an overt innate highly uncoupled state of mitochondria within the cells, nor with an ability of norepinephrine or endo- or exogenous fatty acids to induce uncoupled respiration in the cells. Thus, UCP1 remains the only physiologically potent thermogenic uncoupling protein in these cells.
A Survey of Practical Software Adaptation Techniques (2020)

Abstract: Software adaptation techniques appear in many disparate areas of research literature, and under many guises. This paper enables a clear and uniform understand-ing of the related research, in three ways. Firstly, it surveys a broad range of relevant research, describing and contrasting the approaches of each using a uniform termino-logical and conceptual vocabulary. Secondly, it identifies and discusses three commonly advocated principles within this work: component models, first-class connection and loose coupling. Thirdly, it identifies and compares the various modularisation strategies employed by the surveyed work.
Cell-Free Biofuel Production using an In Vitro Synthetic Biochemistry Platform and Quantification of Isobutanol Tolerance of Synthesis Enzymes (2016)

In recent years, the growing threat of anthropogenic climate change has raised interest in and incentivized the development of low-carbon fuel and energy technologies. Liquid biofuels, derived from harvested plant biomass, have the potential to provide substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions to the transport sector and serve as alternatives to traditional petroleum-based fuels, like gasoline and diesel. The production of these fossil fuel substitutes often times requires the use of microbial organisms, genetically manipulated to mass produce these fuels from fermentable sugars. However, in general, cell-based synthesis tends to be somewhat inefficient, due to, among other factors, the metabolic constraints of biological life and issues related to intermediate and product toxicity. Recently, a new method, termed synthetic biochemistry or in vitro metabolic engineering, has emerged as a solution to some of these challenges. In this approach, the cell is essentially tossed out, and only the desired biochemical pathway is reconstituted in vitro, facilitating rapid bio-commodity production at high yields and high titers. Using this approach and fourteen enzymes from the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, the valine biosynthesis pathway and the Ehrlich pathway, we have been able to demonstrate for the first time the complete conversion (100% yield) of the fermentable sugar, D-glucose, to the advanced biofuel molecule, isobutanol, and achieve titers of nearly 15 g/L without the use of any living cells. Though several enzymes were found to be particularly susceptible to product inhibition at high concentrations of isobutanol and may need to be engineered for greater organic solvent tolerance to achieve higher titers in the future, the results demonstrated here lend credibility to the concept of cell-free synthetic biochemistry as an efficient method for high-yield biofuel production.
Minority-Game-based resource allocation for run-time reconfigurable multi-core processors (2011)

A novel policy for allocating reconfigurable fabric resources in multi-core processors is presented. We deploy a Minority-Game to maximize the efficient use of the reconfigurable fabric while meeting performance constraints of individual tasks running on the cores. As we will show, the Minority Game ensures a fair allocation of resources, e.g., no single core will monopolize the reconfigurable fabric. Rather, all cores receive a “fair” share of the fabric, i.e., their tasks would miss their performance constraints by approximately the same margin, thus ensuring an overall graceful degradation. The policy is implemented on a Virtex-4 FPGA and evaluated for diverse applications ranging from security to multimedia domains. Our results show that the Minority-Game policy achieves on average 2× higher application performance and a 5× improved efficiency of resource utilization compared to state-of-the-art.
Determination of optical properties of a-SiO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub> thin films by ellipsometric and UV-visible spectroscopies (2008)

Optical properties of silicon oxynitride thin films of variable composition were investigated. Their refractive index was found to decrease linearly from 1.94 to 1.46 when their composition varies between silicon nitride and silicon oxide. Spectroscopic ellipsometry showed that all samples were transparent over the visible range and that the layer structure also influences their optical properties. Using UV-visible spectroscopy, it was found that the film absorption decreases with increasing the oxygen amount in their composition. The optical gap determined from the transmission spectra showed high values increasing with the oxygen concentration. The Urbach energy was also estimated and linked to the film structure and composition.
The stochastic rendezvous network model for performance of synchronous client-server-like distributed software (1995)

Distributed or parallel software with synchronous communication via rendezvous is found in client-server systems and in proposed open distributed systems, in implementation environments such as Ada, V, remote procedure call systems, in transputer systems, and in specification techniques such as CSP, CCS and LOTOS. The delays induced by rendezvous can cause serious performance problems, which are not easy to estimate using conventional models which focus on hardware contention, or on a restricted view of the parallelism which ignores implementation constraints. Stochastic rendezvous networks are queueing networks of a new type which have been proposed as a modelling framework for these systems. They incorporate the two key phenomena of included service and a second phase of service. This paper extends the model to also incorporate different services or entries associated with each task. Approximations to arrival-instant probabilities are employed with a mean-value analysis framework, to give approximate performance estimates. The method has been applied to moderately large industrial software systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determining the Antimicrobial Actions of Tea Tree Oil (2001)

Research into the mode of action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree oil) is briefly reviewed. Its mode of action is interpreted in terms of the membrane-toxicity of its monoterpenoid components and different approaches for determining cell membrane damage are discussed.
The Effect of Microwave Radiation on the Magnetic Properties of Minerals (2000)

The effects of microwave radiation on the magnetic properties of common ore minerals are discussed. The effects of varying microwave power levels on heating rates are presented along with comparative magnetic susceptibility surveys for both treated and non treated minerals. Various chemical and physical analysis techniques are considered to quantify any changes in mineral phases during heating. Conclusions are made as to the possible impact of microwave pretreatment on the downstream magnetic processing of minerals and ores.
Distinct guanine nucleotide binding and release properties of the three Gi proteins. (1990)

The native pertussis toxin sensitive GTP-binding proteins (Gi proteins) were individually resolved, and their guanine nucleotide binding and release properties were studied. Gi2 and Gi3, the two major GTP-binding proteins of human erythrocytes, were purified to apparent homogeneity by fast protein liquid chromatography. Gi1 was purified from bovine brain. The three proteins bound 0.6-0.85 mol of guanosine 5'-O-(thio-triphosphate (GTP gamma S)/mol of protein with similar affinities (KD(app) = 50-100 nM). The rate of [35S]GTP gamma S binding to Gi2 was 5-8-fold faster than to Gi1 or Gi3 at 2 mm Mg2+. There were no observable differences in the binding characteristics between bovine brain Gi1 and human erythrocyte Gi3. At 50 mM Mg2+, all three Gi proteins exhibited fast binding, although Gi1 and Gi3 were marginally slower than Gi2. All three Gi proteins exhibited different rates of [32P]GDP release at 2 mM Mg2+. GDP release from Gi2 was severalfold faster than that from Gi1 or Gi3. GDP release rates from Gi1 and Gi3 were similar, although Gi3 was somewhat (60-80%) faster than Gi1. These data indicate that rates of GDP release and GTP binding may be independently regulated for these three proteins and that the relative proportions of Gi2/Gi1 or Gi2/Gi3 will be a crucial factor in determining the kinetics of signal transduction through Gi-coupled effectors.
The mode of action of restrictocin and mitogillin on eukaryotic ribosomes. Inhibition of brain protein synthesis, cleavage and sequence of the ribosomal RNA fragment (1985)

The relationship between the process of rat brain protein synthesis inhibition by restrictocin and mitogillin and the induction of a specific cleavage in 28S rRNA has been examined. Restrictocin or mitogillin at a concentration of 6 nM inhibits protein synthesis to a level of 80%. The inhibition induced by 6 nM alpha-sarcin is of the same order, indicating that those molecules all catalytically inhibit protein synthesis. When restrictocin or mitogillin was reduced and alkylated, a 100-fold higher concentration of these chemically modified molecules was needed in order to obtain the same inhibition as with native molecules, suggesting a close correlation between activity and configuration of the inhibitors. The inhibitory activity of restrictocin or mitogillin was completely lost after oxidation with performic acid. The inhibition of protein synthesis was always correlated with the production of a fragment from the 3'-end of the 28S rRNA. This rRNA fragment had the same electrophoretic mobility as that produced by alpha-sarcin. The 5'-end sequence of the rRNA fragment produced by restrictocin, mitogillin or alpha-sarcin is AGGAA, demonstrating that restrictocin and mitogillin inhibit protein synthesis in the same way as does alpha-sarcin. The conservation of this region of the rRNA from archaebacteria to eukaryotic ribosomes indicates its importance in the elongation process.
Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys (2004)

Reallocation of treatment resources could substantially decrease the problem of unmet need for treatment of mental disorders among serious cases. Structural barriers exist to this reallocation. Careful consideration needs to be given to the value of treating some mild cases, especially those at risk for progressing to more serious disorders.
The Wide Divide Between Fracturing Plans and Reality (2016)

Fracturing Plans What is observed when an unconventional well is fractured is often at odds with what was expected by those who planned the job. In-well observations from technical papers from Shell (SPE 179124) and Devon Energy (SPE 179149) presented at the recent SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference question many of the assumptions made about how to most efficiently stimulate nearly impermeable unconventional formations. Completion designs often assume that adding perforations will increase the number of productive fractures. But Shell’s in-well studies using a fiber-optic cable during and after completions showed that in most stages only one fracture, and sometimes two, take in most of the fluid and sand. The company also found that more stimulation translates into more production. “There is invariably a dominant perforation stage emerging through the jobs,” said Bill Wheaton, formerly a senior adviser in operations engineering for Devon who presented its paper. “We would like to see four [effective] fractures for four perforation clusters, but that is an uncommon thing,” he said. Generally, the most productive spot in each cluster of perforations is located on the heelward side—the end toward the section of the well that curves from horizontal to vertical. Both papers showed wide variations in how much fluid and proppant flowed into the formation at different spots along the studied wellbores. In the Shell study, more than two-thirds of all the clusters took in 50% more or less than the designed amount. And the tools used to control the flow during fracturing often leak. Packers frequently fail to seal stages, allowing large amounts of fluid and proppant to escape, and diverters often are unable to temporarily clog large fractures so the hydraulic pressure can be redirected to stimulate small ones. “We need to pay attention not only to the design but the execution,” said Gustavo Ugueto, senior staff petrophysical engineer for Shell, during his presentation at the fracturing conference. Measures of what flows into the perforations show that “a lot of them receive more than designed for, and a lot receive less.” Fracturing Efficiency There is an upside to these critical reports—addressing the problems could lead to revised methods and tools that could produce more oil and gas with less. Shell’s paper sets that theme by quoting its paper about fracturing from 1963 (SPE 530) that said, “The basic objective of all well treatment is to get the best stimulation compatible with the cost.”
Model-based retarget for 45nm node and beyond (2009)

In the past several years, DFM (design for manufacturability) is widely used in semiconductor process. DFM is to make layout design optimized for manufacturability's sake. Lithography friendly design (LFD) is one branch of DFM. To enhance process margin of photolithography, layout designers typically modify their layout design with the application of DFM or LFD tools. Despites those application, it is still not enough to realize enough process window as technology node goes to beyond 45nm. For these reasons, OPC (Optical proximity correction) engineers apply additional layout treatment prior to applying OPC. That is called as table-driven retarget, which is typically conducted by rule-based table. Similar to rule-based OPC, table-driven retarget also has limitations in its application. In this paper, we presented a model-based retargeting method to overcome the limitation of table-driven retarget. Once the criteria of process window has been set, we let OPC tool simulate the process window of each layout of design firstly. Then, if the output value of the simulated result cannot meet the preset criteria, OPC tool resizes the layout dimension automatically. OPC tool will do retarget-OPC-retarget iterations until process windows of all of designs become within the criteria. After all, the model-based retarget can guarantee accurate retarget and avoid over or under retarget in order to improve process window of full chip design.
Secure Rateless Deluge: Pollution-Resistant Reprogramming and Data Dissemination for Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

A network reprogramming protocol is made for updating the firmware of a wireless sensor network (WSN) in situ. For security reasons, every firmware update must be authenticated to prevent an attacker from installing its code in the network. While existing schemes can provide authentication services, they are insufficient for a new generation of network coding-based reprogramming protocols like Rateless Deluge. We propose Secure Rateless Deluge or Sreluge, a secure version of Rateless Deluge that is resistant to pollution attacks (denial-of-service attacks aimed at polluting encoded packets). Sreluge employs a neighbor classification system and a time series forecasting technique to isolate polluters, and a combinatorial technique to decode data packets in the presence of polluters before the isolation is complete. For detecting polluters, Sreluge has zero false negative rate and a negligible false positive rate. TOSSIM simulations and experimental results show that Sreluge is practical.
Latent Community Topic Analysis (2012)

This article studies the problem of latent community topic analysis in text-associated graphs. With the development of social media, a lot of user-generated content is available with user networks. Along with rich information in networks, user graphs can be extended with text information associated with nodes. Topic modeling is a classic problem in text mining and it is interesting to discover the latent topics in text-associated graphs. Different from traditional topic modeling methods considering links, we incorporate community discovery into topic analysis in text-associated graphs to guarantee the topical coherence in the communities so that users in the same community are closely linked to each other and share common latent topics. We handle topic modeling and community discovery in the same framework. In our model we separate the concepts of community and topic, so one community can correspond to multiple topics and multiple communities can share the same topic. We compare different methods and perform extensive experiments on two real datasets. The results confirm our hypothesis that topics could help understand community structure, while community structure could help model topics.
Frequency Selective Surfaces for Pulsed High-Power Microwave Applications (2012)

We examine the peak power handling capability of a class of miniaturized-element frequency selective surfaces composed entirely of non-resonant constituting elements. The effects of various design parameters on the peak power handling capability of these structures are investigated using electromagnetic simulations and methods for increasing their peak power handling capability are proposed. These methods are used to design a high-power microwave (HPM) frequency selective surface (FSS), which is expected to be capable of handling extremely high peak power levels. The power handling capabilities of these devices are also experimentally investigated using an HPM source with a frequency of 9.382 GHz, a peak power of 25 kW, and a pulse length of 1 μs. Unit cells of various FSSs under investigation are placed in a waveguide and excited with pulses with variable power levels. The time-domain reflection and transmission coefficients of each device is measured at various power levels and the power level at which the device breaks down is determined. The results of these experimental investigations follow the same trend observed in the simulations. Additionally, our experiments demonstrate that the HPM FSSs developed in this work are indeed capable of handling extremely high peak power levels.
The antidiabetic agent pioglitazone increases expression of glucose transporters in 3T3-F442A cells by increasing messenger ribonucleic acid transcript stability. (1993)

Whereas adipocytes normally play an important role as a major site for systemic energy homeostasis, adipocyte function is markedly altered in disorders such as diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone, a novel antidiabetic agent known to lower plasma glucose in animal models of diabetes mellitus, on expression of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 in 3T3-F442A cells. Treatment of confluent 3T3-F442A preadipocyte cultures for 7 days with pioglitazone (1 microM) and insulin (1 microgram/ml) resulted in nearly 100% differentiation of cells to lipid-accumulating adipocytes, and such adipocytes showed a markedly increased capacity for glucose uptake. Analysis of messenger RNA transcripts encoding GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transporters over the 7-day differentiation period indicated time-dependent increases in abundance of each type that were maximal at more than 5-fold with the combined presence of insulin and pioglitazone. In accord, GLUT1 and GLUT4 protein levels also increased to maximal levels of 10-fold and 7-fold, respectively, over those in undifferentiated preadipocytes. Increased messenger RNA half-lives from 2.2 to greater than 24 h for GLUT1 and from 1.2 to greater than 24 h for GLUT4 correlated with this induced adipocyte differentiation. Taken together, these findings indicated that pioglitazone markedly enhanced expression of cellular glucose transporters, and the mechanism for this action was mainly stabilization of transporter messenger RNA transcripts. Such increased expression of glucose transporters in adipocytes establishes the cells in a state active for glucose uptake, thus ultimately facilitating storage and metabolism as well.
Structure, properties and applications of diamond-like carbon coatings prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering (2005)

Abstract Metal containing and metal free amorphous diamond-like carbon films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputter deposition using targets from transition metals or graphite and acetylene as reactive gas. Both types of coating materials are well known for their low friction coefficients. However, metal containing films exhibit clearly lower wear resistances and lower hardness values than metal free films. To study the differences between both materials, tungstef containing and metal free coatings were compared. The deposition experiments were carried out in an industrial scale d.c. magnetron sputter machine. Transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy as well as hardness measurements and wear tests were performed to characterize and to compare composition, structure, mechanical, and tribological properties of both coating materials.
The Evaporation of Liquid Iron Alloys Under Vacuum (1966)

AbstractAbstractBy the use of levitation melting, an experimental technique has been developed to measure the rate of free evaporation of liquid metal out of contact with any contaminating support materials.The evaporation of liquid iron under vacuum in the range 1687 to 1840°c has been studied. The rate in g·cm−2.sec-1 is given bylog Φ = − 17,308/T + 6.0522 ± 0.0371From this, the vapour pressure of liquid iron in mm Hg was determined asLog P°Fe = − 17,750/T + 8.2936 ± 0.0364The rate of evaporation of copper from iron-copper droplets between 1700 and 1760°C was about 50-70 per cent of the value expected if the loss was controlled entirely by the rate of evaporation from the surface. Résumé Une technique de mesure du taux d' évaporation libre des métaux à l' état liquide vient d'être mise au point. La lévitationen phase liquide a été utilisée pour éliminer la contamination du métal au contact d'un creuset.L' évaporation sous vide du fer liquide a été étudiée dans l'intervalle de tempérapture 1687 à 1840°C. Le taux d' évaporation en g·cm−2·sec−1 estlog Φ = − 17,308/T + 6.0522 ± 0.0371À partir de cette relation, la tension de vapeur du fer liquide en mm Hg á été determinée:Log P°Fe = − 17,750/T + 8.2936 ± 0.0364En outre, il a été trouvé que de 1700 è 1760°C le taux d' évapouration du cuivre de goutte lettes fer-cuivre se chiffre entre 50 et 70 pour-cent du taux calculé d'après l'hypothèse d'une cinétique réglée par l' étape d' évapouration en surface.