gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequence of 21.8 kbp of variola major virus strain Harvey and comparison with vaccinia virus (1992)

A 21.8 kbp region of the genome of variola major virus (strain Harvey), a virus that caused haemorrhagic-type smallpox, has been sequenced and shown to possess 96% nucleotide identity to the corresponding region of vaccinia virus, the smallpox vaccine. Overall the gene arrangement in the two viruses is highly similar and individual open reading frames (ORFs) display a high degree of amino acid identity, for instance 26 of the 32 variola virus ORFs have > or = 90% identity with their vaccinia virus counterparts. A remarkable difference is the disruption of seven vaccinia virus ORFs into small fragments in variola virus. These include the variola virus homologue of vaccinia virus SalF2R, which encodes a protein related to C-type animal lectins, and SalF7L, which encodes an active 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme that contributes to vaccinia virus virulence. Upstream of the variola virus haemagglutinin gene there is a deletion of 1910 bp so that the equivalent of vaccinia virus gene SalF17R is truncated, and SalF16R, which shows amino acid similarity to the tumour necrosis factor receptor, is absent. The region sequenced includes the genes for thymidylate kinase and DNA ligase both of which are active in vaccinia virus and are highly conserved in variola virus. Other conserved ORFs with interesting homologies are those encoding profilin, superoxide dismutase and part of guanylate kinase. Two vaccinia virus genes encoding glycoproteins of the outer envelope of extracellular enveloped virus are also conserved in variola virus and this homology is likely to have contributed to the immunological protection which vaccinia virus evoked against smallpox. Lastly, there are multiple instances in which short oligonucleotide direct repeats flank a region absent from either variola or vaccinia virus.
Combining model- and template-based vehicle tracking for autonomous convoy driving (2013)

This paper presents a robust method for vehicle tracking with a monocular camera. A previously published model-based tracking method uses a particle filter which needs an initial vehicle hypothesis both at system start and in case of a tracking loss. We present a template-based solution using different features to estimate a 3D vehicle pose roughly but fast. Combining model- and template-based object tracking keeps the advantages of each algorithm: Precise estimation of the 3D vehicle pose and velocity combined with a fast (re-) initialization approach. The improved tracking system was evaluated while driving autonomously in urban and unstructured environments. The results show that poorly visible vehicles can be tracked during different weather conditions in real-time.
Effect of the Growth Temperature on the Diameter Distribution and Chirality of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (1998)

Pulsed laser vaporization of a heated, Fe/Ni or Co/Ni catalyzed, carbon target in argon gas has been used to synthesize single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy were all used to study the effect of the catalyst on the tube yield, and the evolution of the tube diameter distribution with increasing growth environment temperature $T$. By controlling the temperature in the range $780lTl1050\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$, we have been able to tune the diameter of the tubules from $\ensuremath{\sim}0.81$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}1.51\mathrm{nm}$. The threshold temperature for significant SWNT production was found to be $\ensuremath{\sim}850\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$.
Rapid identification of drug metabolites with tandem mass spectrometry (1988)

A method which involves the use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the identification of drug metabolites has been demonstrated with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The method is based on the fact that metabolites usually retain various substructures of the original drug molecule. MS/MS is capable of rapidly identifying molecules with characteristic substructures without prior separation. It is shown that this method makes it possible to postulate possible drug metabolite structures rapidly and systematically without the use of standards. The MS/MS method, as it was applied to the identification of the metabolites of a new antiepileptic drug, zonisamide, is discussed. In this case it was possible to identify isomeric metabolites due to their differences in vaporization times off the probe and their different daughter spectra. The complementary uses of the neutral loss and parent scans for the determination of the site of metabolism is demonstrated. A new figure of merit, the limit of identification, is introduced. The amount of the epoxide metabolite of carbamazepine necessary for its reliable identification in urine was shown to be 0.4 ng/microliter. The application of various techniques to confirm preliminary findings with this MS/MS method are described.
Rich Immersive Sports Experience: A Hybrid Multimedia System for Content Consumption (2009)

Recent widespread use of multimedia-enabled devices has prompted the industry to look at systems which can provide a distributed, synchronized content consumption experience. Motorola has partnered with Purdue University's eStadium project to create the Rich Immersive Sports Experience (RISE) project. RISE is an attempt to design and develop such a system geared toward use in suites in Purdue's Ross-Ade football stadium. The core of the system is Motorola's Media Bundle technology that represents content and timing information for the TV screens and smart phones used in the system. This paper discusses the design process for the RISE system, how Media Bundles are used, and our solutions to issues of synchronization, speed, reliability, and scalability.
Protein degradation and synthesis of cyanophycin granule polypeptide in Aphanocapsa sp (1983)

Cyanophycin granule polypeptide content increased by 2- to 3-fold, soluble protein content decreased by 1.5-fold, and carbohydrate content increased by 2-fold within 6 h of chloramphenicol addition to exponentially growing cells of Aphanocapsa sp. strain 6308. Analysis of 14C- and 3H-labeled cells transferred to unlabeled medium and analysis of pulse-labeled cells both suggested cyanophycin granule synthesis from preformed protein breakdown.
Synopsis of Clinical Ophthalmology (2013)

1. Eyelids 2. Lacrimal Drainage System 3. Orbit 4. Dry Eye 5. Conjunctiva 6. Cornea 7. Corneal and Refractive Surgery 8. Episclera and Sclera 9. Lens 10. Glaucoma 11. Uveitis 12. Ocular Tumours 13. Retinal Vascular Disease 14. Acquired Macular Disorders 15. Hereditary Fundus Dystrophies 16. Retinal Detachment 17. Vitreous Opacities 18. Strabismus 19. Neuro-ophthalmology 20. Ocular Side-effects of Systemic Medication 21. Trauma
NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES (2008)

Type 2 diabetes is a progressive chronic disease resulting from a dynamic interaction between defects in insulin secretion and insulin action. New molecules have recently been launched and many others are under clinical investigation. Besides classical sulfonylureas and glinides, new insulin secretagogues are now available, which target the incretin gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Indeed, oral incretin enhancers acting as antagonists of the enzyme DPP-4 (dipeptidylpeptidase-4), which inactivates natural GLP-1,and injectable incretin mimetics (exenatide) or analogues (liraglutide), which reproduce the actions of GLP-1 while resisting to DPP-4, represent new opportunities to stimulate insulin secretion, without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia and weight gain. Among insulin sensitizers, metformin remains unequivocally the first drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, whereas promising drugs as thiazolidinediones (glitazones) were recently challenged because of various safety issues. When insulin is required, insulin analogues, both short-acting and basal ones, may offer some advantages regarding better control of postprandial hyperglycaemia, reduced risk of hypoglycaemia and/or lower weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes. Emphasis should be put on early detection and intensive management of type 2 diabetes, individualized glucose lowering treatments and goals, stepwise pharmacological strategy avoiding therapeutic inertia, and multiple cardiovascular risk--targeted approach.
PID autotuning algorithm based on relay feedback (1993)

A PID autotuning algorithm based on relay feedback has the capability of exploring different points of the process frequency response before performing the actual tuning procedure. In addition, the algorithm minimises the amount of a prioriinformation required on the process; in fact, the user is only asked to specify the minimum phase margin required for the closed-loop system. Some experimental results, obtained by laboratory simulation, are also presented.
Association of interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms with ischemic stroke in a Chinese population (2006)

Our results implicated that IL-1 gene polymorphism might be associated with the susceptibility to ischemic stroke.
Differing impact of the deletion of hemochromatosis‐associated molecules HFE and transferrin receptor‐2 on the iron phenotype of mice lacking bone morphogenetic protein 6 or hemojuvelin (2015)

These results show that (1) BMP6 does not require HJV to transduce signal to hepcidin in response to intracellular iron, even if the loss of HJV partly reduces this signal, (2) another BMP ligand can replace BMP6 and significantly induce hepcidin expression in response to extracellular iron, and (3) BMP6 alone is as efficient at inducing hepcidin as the other BMPs in association with the HJV/HFE/TfR2 complex; they provide an explanation for the compensatory effect of BMP6 treatment on the molecular defect underlying Hfe hemochromatosis in mice.
Effect of different treatments on serum markers of neonate with ileal perforation caused by necrotizing enterocolitis (2018)

Objective
To summarize the characteristics of the biomarkers in the optimal methods of operation for the neonatal ileal perforation caused by the neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and the prognosis.


Methods
Seventy four cases of neonatal ileal perforation caused by NEC were divided into survial group (n=57), death group (n=17). And 74 children with non-intestinal perforation were selected as control group. Serological markers include C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), serum procalcitonin (PCT), albumin, fibrinogen were analyzed by univariate analysis. Logistic regression was used to conduct multivariate analysis and calculate OR and 95%CI.


Results
Among the 74 cases of neonatal ileal perforation caused by NEC, there were 62 cases who completed surgery, 12 cases who given up treatment. A total of seventeen cases died (including the abandonment of treatment). The death rate was 22.97%. Case-control study showed that serological markers of neonates with ileal perforation including CRP, WBC, PLT, PCT, albumin were significantly different from those of the control group, the differences were significant (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that CRP, WBC, PLT and PCT were correlated with the surgical method in children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that WBC, PLT and PCT were correlated with the operation mode of children. And WBC reduction rate, PLT reduction rate and mortality in children was significantly different between survial group and death group (P<0.05).


Conclusions
Serum biological markers for neonatal ileal perforation caused by NEC has guiding value for the selection of surgical methods. Reduced platelet count and low white blood cell count indicates poor prognosis.


Key words: 
Gastrointestinal perforation; Serum biomarkers; Intestinal fistula; Intestinal anastomosis
Hybrid glass coatings for optical fibers: preliminary results of coating performance on silica fibers (2005)

Key requirements for specialty optical fibers engaged in various aerospace applications are extended lifetime and superb performance combined with small fiber diameter, minimal bend radius and ease of terminations. To address these requirements, the use of novel inorganic -organic materials called hybrid glass was proposed as single and double coats. Several types of hybrid glass candidate materials were applied on line on silica fibers as 7-35 μm thick single- or double -layer coats. The hybrid glass applied on silica fibers formed a non-strippable glasslike layer that was permanently bonded to the fiber surface. SEM analysis showed smooth, crack-free surfaces of the coatings and their strong adherence to the glass surface. To evaluate the protective ability of the hybrid coatings, the 2-point bending testing (dynamic fatigue) was controlled in a controlled temperature and humidity environment. Dynamic fatigue plots, the stress corrosion parameter <i>n</i>, Weibull strength distribution plots and average bending strength were calculated from the 2-point bending test data for each type of coated fiber tested. Two polymer coated fibers were used as reference and were tested as well. The hybrid glass coatings offered higher values for both fiber strength and <i>n</i> than those found for reference fibers. The UV induced photopolymerization of coating materials crosslinked the inorganic- network. The UV curing contributed also to the condensation process of inorganic constituents of the coatings and their permanent bonding to the silica fiber surface.
SaaS performance and scalability evaluation in clouds (2011)

Cloud computing not only changes today's computing infrastructure, but also alters the way of obtaining computing resources, managing and delivering software and services. Meanwhile, cloud computing brings new issues, challenges, and needs in performance testing, evaluation and scalability measurement due to the special features of cloud computing, such as elasticity and scalability. This paper focuses on performance evaluation and scalability measurement issue for Software as a Service (SaaS) in clouds. It proposes new formal graphic models and metrics to evaluate SaaS performance and analyze system scalability in clouds. In addition, the paper reports an evaluation approach based on Amazon's EC2 cloud technology and detailed case study results using the proposed models and metrics.
Combination chemotherapy with oral etoposide. (1992)

Chronic administration of etoposide over multiple days has proved to be an effective schedule against a variety of neoplasms. The usual duration of etoposide administration is 3 to 5 days. However, recent studies have demonstrated this agent can be administered for up to 21 consecutive days with acceptable toxicity. Studies are currently under way to determine whether more protracted etoposide administration will prove to be more efficacious in the management of selected malignancies. Previous work at our institution has confirmed the activity of protracted administration of single-agent etoposide against small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. More recently, we have combined either cisplatin or carboplatin with etoposide given orally for 21 consecutive days in phase II trials in patients with small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. The results of these trials are reviewed.
A Genetic Linkage Map for the Zebrafish (1994)

To facilitate molecular genetic analysis of vertebrate development, haploid genetics was used to construct a recombination map for the zebrafish Danio (Brachydanio) rerio. The map consists of 401 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and 13 simple sequence repeats spaced at an average interval of 5.8 centimorgans. Strategies that exploit the advantages of haploid genetics and RAPD markers were developed that quickly mapped lethal and visible mutations and that placed cloned genes on the map. This map is useful for the position-based cloning of mutant genes, the characterization of chromosome rearrangements, and the investigation of evolution in vertebrate genomes.
Reactive Oxygen Species in Diabetes-induced Vascular Damage, Stroke, and Alzheimer's Disease (2009)

A morphological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid-beta peptide in plaques and along blood vessels. As several lines of evidence suggest that vascular dysfunction contributes to AD, the pathophysiology of diabetic vasculopathy and stroke may cast light on the vascular component of AD. In this review, we compile some recent findings on the role of reactive oxygen species in diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction and the consequent cerebral ischemia and compare them with key findings in AD. Overall, there is compelling evidence that reactive oxygen species play a key role in the pathophysiology of AD. Unfortunately, this insight has not yet led to a new treatment of AD.
Aminopterin in the Treatment of Acute Leukaemia (1950)

Since the synthesis of pteroylglutamic acid (folic acid) by Angier et al. (1945), several analogues having either a similar or a biologically antagonistic activity have been prepared Of the antagonists, the most potent is 4-aminopteroylglutamic acid ("aminopterin "), produced by the substitution of an NH2 group for the OH group in the 4 position of the pteridine ring of the folic acid molecule
On the Super‐Elastic and Phase Transformation of a Novel Ni‐Rich/NiTiCu Bi‐Layer Thin Film (2014)

Shape memory Ni–Ti‐based thin films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature by DC magnetron sputtering system from alloy targets. Two discs of Ti‐rich targets (Ni 41 Ti 54 Cu 5 and Ni 47 Ti 53 ) were used to deposit two single‐layers with chemical compositions of Ni 45 Ti 50 Cu 5 and Ni 50.8 Ti 49.2 and one bi‐layer thin films with different chemical compositions similar to the single layers on glass substrates. The as‐deposited Ni–Ti thin films were annealed to transform the amorphous to a crystalline material. Subsequently, the structures, phase transformations, and mechanical properties were characterized using grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD), field emission electron microscope (FESEM), electrical resistance, and nanoindentation. The developed bi‐layer thin film exhibited a two‐step transformation B2 ↔ R ↔ B19’ during cooling and heating with a narrow thermal hysteresis as compared to the single‐layers. Moreover, super‐elasticity effect and partial permanent strain appeared in the bi‐layer because of composite structure.
POTENTIATION OF SOME CATECHOL AMINES BY PHENOXYBENZAMINE, GUANETHIDINE AND COCAINE (1963)

In rabbit isolated atria, cocaine, guanethidine and phenoxybenzamine increased the changes in rate and force of contractions caused by noradrenaline and adrenaline, but did not potentiate isoprenaline. The most likely explanation for this result is that the drugs interfere with one of the mechanisms in the heart by which noradrenaline and adrenaline, but not isoprenaline, are inactivated; a probable mechanism would be the uptake of noradrenaline into storage sites in the tissue. Cocaine, guanethidine and phenoxybenzamine did not potentiate noradrenaline and adrenaline acting on the rabbit isolated duodenum and the rat uterus.
Distortions in pixel-matched holographic data storage due to lateral dimensional change of photopolymer storage media (2000)

Dimensional changes in polymerizable storage materials during exposure are a source of pixel misregistration in digital holographic storage. Lateral shrinkage or expansion of photopolymer recording materials can be deduced from quantitative measurement of the shift and the magnification errors of reconstructed holograms.
Conformational study on ribonucleoside O-phosphonylmethyl derivatives by 1H NMR spectroscopy (1985)

Conformational properties of ribonucleoside 5'-O-phosphonylmethyl derivatives have been determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and compared with those of natural nucleosides and 5'-nucleotides.
<title>GI tract unraveling by spiral CT</title> (1995)

The GI tract examination with CT and MRI is currently performed by slice-based inspection despite the volumetric nature of the problem. With this paper we propose to unravel the GI tract digitally to facilitate, quantify and automate the process. To demonstrate the feasibility, an algorithm was developed to unravel and measure convoluted curvilinear structures. In the algorithm, a local K-L transform was applied along the main axis of the structure to estimate the local orientation as determined by the principal eigenvector. An adult dog bowel piece was spirally scanned in vitro and reconstructed. A digital GI tract phantom was designed and numerically synthesized. In both cases, the structures were successfully followed using our unraveling algorithm, the lengths of the structures measured with less than 5% error, and cross-sectional features of the GI tract phantom were defined, computed and plotted.
Photoswitchable Oligonucleotide-Modified Gold Nanoparticles: Controlling Hybridization Stringency with Photon Dose (2012)

We describe a new class of stimulus-responsive DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles that incorporate azobenzene-modified oligonucleotides. Beyond the classic directed assembly and sensing behaviors associated with oligonucleotide-modified nanoparticles, these particles also exhibit reversible photoswitching of their assembly behavior. Exposure to UV light induces a trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene which destabilizes the DNA duplex, resulting in dissociation of the nanoparticle assemblies. The isomerization is reversible upon exposure to blue light, resulting in rehybridization and reassembly of the DNA-linked nanoparticle clusters. We show that perfectly complementary and partially mismatched strands exhibit clearly distinguishable photoinduced melting properties, and we demonstrate that photon dose can thus be used in place of temperature or ionic strength to control hybridization stringency with the ability to discriminate single-base mismatches.
Mixed adsorbents for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solutions (1986)

Abstract Low cost mixed adsorbents have been used to study, the removal of Cu(II) at different concentrations, and pH of the solution. The uptake of Cu (II) is maximum by wollastonite‐china clay followed by fly ash‐wollastonite and fly ash‐china clay at the same concentration, temperature and pH of the solution. Equilibrium data of various systems at 30°C and pH 6.5 fit well in the Freundlich equation. Removal of Cu(II) increases with the pH of the solution and is maximum at pH 8.0. Significant desorption of Cu(II) from the surfaces of mixed adsorbents was noted at pH 2.0.
Car Crash Prevention and Detection System Using Sensors and Smart Poles (2018)

It is proved that 85 percent of road accidents are occurred due to the drivers that are not able to control or stop the car on time. So to prevent this we have come up with an idea of car crash prevention and detection at the same time. In this obstacle will be detected using ultrasonic sensor and the car will stop as the obstacle is nearby and accident will be prevented. Still if the accident occurs then to take in concern that the injured should get emergency treatment as soon as possible crash detection will be done using vibrator sensor, which on detection of crash will activate the circuit and an S.O.S message will be sent to the nearest hospital, police station, fire brigade and emergency number of user. A new concept of crash prevention has been introduced in this where on the mountainous roads where there are blind curves smart poles will be used to notify the drivers on each side.