gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Modification Pattern–RNAi Activity Relationships by Using siRNAs Modified with 4′‐Thioribonucleosides (2007)

A detailed study of the modification pattern-RNAi activity relationships by using siRNAs that are modified with 4'-thioribonucleosides has been carried out against photinus luciferase and renilla luciferase genes in cultured mammalian NIH/3T3, HeLa, and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines. When the photinus luciferase gene was targeted, all of the modified siRNAs showed activity equal to, or less than the unmodifed siRNA. In contrast, all modified siRNAs that have a similar modification pattern showed activity equal to or much higher than the unmodified siRNA when tested with the renilla luciferase gene. These results indicated that siRNAs such as RNA33 and RNA53, which each have four residues of the 4'-thioribonucleoside unit on both ends of the sense strand and four residues on the 3'-end of the antisense strand, were the most effective. Accordingly, we succeeded in developing modified siRNAs that have the greatest number of 4'-thioribonucleosides without loss of RNAi activity, and that exhibit potent RNAi activity against two target genes in three different cell lines. Our findings also indicate the significance of target sequences and cell lines when RNAi activity is compared with that of the unmodified siRNA.
Gene therapy: Current status and promise. (2001)

As of summer 2000, more than 400 protocols developed for human gene therapy have been reported, and there have been recent successful applications in some diseases such as arteriosclerosis obliterance, immunodeficiency X-1 (SCID-X1) and hemophilia B. However, complications have also occurred. Successful gene therapy is dependent on the development of an effective gene delivery system. One approach is development of chimeric vector systems that combine at least two different vector systems. However, a perfect vector system has not yet been constructed. Difficulties of in vivo gene transfer appear to result from resistance of living cells to invasion by foreign materials and from interference of cellular functions. We should reevaluate what barriers in tissues affect in vivo gene transfection and how to solve these problems for gene therapy. Moreover, in Japan, there should be more extensive preparation of social systems to promote clinical trials based on basic research.
SAW duplexers without λ /4 phase shifter for CDMA cellular phone systems (2005)

We have already reported a front-end SAW duplexer for Japanese PDC 800 MHz cellular phones with wide channel separation of 112 MHz between Tx and Rx band (Onizuka, T. et al., Proc. IEEE Ultrason. Symp., p.2101-4, 2003). We now describe an application of the SAW duplexer which has narrow channel separation by using SAW resonator in which arbitrary pole and zero frequencies are controlled by adding an external inductor and/or capacitor. For example US-CDMA and J-CDMA cellular phone systems have a very narrow channel separation and broad bandwidth. We fabricated duplexers for each system by using our unique technique, and developed low insertion loss, high attenuation and high isolation characteristics.
Ubiquitination of Histone H3 in Elongating Spermatids of Rat Testes (1998)

Because of the potential role of histone ubiquitination in altering chromatin structure, we characterized the levels of ubiquitination of specific histones in meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells in rat testes by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The levels of the major ubiquitinated histone forms, mono- and poly-ubiquitinated H2A, were highest in the pachytene spermatocyte stage, declined thereafter through the round spermatid stage, and reached their lowest levels in elongating spermatids. Three additional ubiquitinated histone species, besides H2A, were detected using anti-ubiquitin antibodies specifically in the fraction enriched in elongating spermatids. Based on their electrophoretic mobilities, they corresponded to uH3, uTH3, and uH2B. Polyubiquitinated forms of these proteins were also observed. The identity of these proteins was confirmed by immunoblotting with anti-H3 antisera and by differential extraction of the proteins from the nucleus with increasing salt concentrations. This is the first report of ubiquitination of H3 in vivo. We speculate that its ubiquitination could loosen the nucleosome structure in preparation for histone removal, be a consequence of nucleosome relaxation or disruption caused by other means, or target H3 for degradation.
39.2: SXRD (Silicon X‐tal Reflective Display); A New Display Device for Projection Displays (2005)

Abstract A new display device, SXRD, has been developed for projection displays. SXRD consists of vertical aligned nematic (VAN) liquid crystal and inorganic alignment layers with narrow cell thickness less than 2 μm on uniquely‐designed Silicon backplane, featuring high resolution more than Full HD, high contrast ratio of 4000:1 and rapid response less than 5 msec. The SXRD devices developed deliver Full HD (1920H × 1080V) in 0.78‐inch diagonal panel and 8.85M resolution (4096H × 2160V) in 1.55‐inch diagonal panel. Products using SXRD will appear into the market for rear projection TVs, front projectors and Digital Cinema Projectors.
Optimizing the optical and electrical properties of graphene ink thin films by laser-annealing (2015)

We demonstrate a facile fabrication technique for graphene-based transparent conductive films. Highly flat and uniform graphene films are obtained through the incorporation of an efficient laser annealing technique with one-time drop casting of high-concentration graphene ink. The resulting thin films are uniform and exhibit a transparency of more than 85% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of about 30 kΩ/sq. These values constitute an increase of 45% in transparency, a reduction of surface roughness by a factor of four and a decrease of 70% in sheet resistance compared to un-annealed films.
Tissue proteomics of the human mammary gland: Towards an abridged definition of the molecular phenotypes underlying epithelial normalcy (2010)

Our limited understanding of the biological impact of the whole spectrum of early breast lesions together with a lack of accurate molecular-based risk criteria for the diagnosis and assignment of prognostic significance to biopsy findings presents an important problem in the clinical management of patients harboring precancerous breast lesions. As a result, there is a need to identify biomarkers that can better determine the outcome of early breast lesions by identifying subpopulations of cells in breast premalignant disease that are at high-risk of progression to invasive disease. A first step towards achieving this goal will be to define the molecular phenotypes of the various cell types and precursors - generated by the stem cell hierarchy - that are present in normal and benign conditions of the breast. To date there have been very few systematic proteomic studies aimed at characterizing the phenotypes of the different cell subpopulations present in normal human mammary tissue, partly due to the formidable heterogeneity of mammary tissue, but also due to limitations of the current proteomic technologies. Work in our laboratories has attempted to address in a systematic fashion some of these limitations and here we present our efforts to search for biomarkers using normal fresh tissue from non-neoplastic breast samples. From the data generated by the 2D gel-based proteomic profiling we were able to compile a protein database of normal human breast epithelial tissue that was used to support the biomarker discovery program. We review and present new data on the putative cell-progenitor marker cytokeratin 15 (CK15), and describe a novel marker, dihydropyriminidase-related protein 3 (DRP3) that in combination with CK15 and other well known proteins were used to define molecular phenotypes of normal human breast epithelial cells and their progenitors in resting acini, lactating alveoli, and large collecting ducts of the nipple. Preliminary results are also presented concerning DRP3 positive usual ductal hyperplasias (UDHs) and on single cell layer columnar cells (CCCs). At least two bona fide biomarkers of undifferentiated ERα/PgR negative luminal cells emerged from these studies, CK15 and c-KIT, which in combination with transformation markers may lead to the establishment of a protein signature able to identify breast precancerous at risk of progressing to invasive disease.
The pars tuberalis of the hypophysis: a modulator of the pars distalis? (1992)

The pineal hormone melatonin is known to influence circadian systems. Melatonin is also ascribed to mediate photoperiodic effects on the regulation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis. Other endocrine actions, especially a thyrotropic influence, have been postulated. Site and mechanism of action of melatonin, however, are still matters of speculation. In search of a functional cascade of (i) photoperiodic stimuli, (ii) their hormonal messenger melatonin, and (iii) endocrine targets, the pars tuberalis has gained a key position. The recent discovery and characterization of melatonin receptors located in the pars tuberalis of several species support such a functional significance. Earlier results point to a functional connection of the pars tuberalis with the pineal gland: the pars tuberalis is known for a pattern of differentiation distinctly different from other parts of the adenohypophysis. It contains a specific cell population with a morphology typical of peptide secreting cells. Like the hypothalamic nerve endings of the median eminence, they are in close contact with the primary plexus of the portal system. In contrast to secretory cells of the pars distalis, the specific cells of the pars tuberalis do not respond with morphological alterations to functional changes of peripheral endocrine glands. Yet, photoperiodic stimuli obviously influence morphology and functional activity of the pars tuberalis-specific cells. Investigations during recent years have led to the tentative conclusion that the pars tuberalis represents the hypophysial "receptor" for melatonin as the chemical messenger of photoperiodic stimuli. Depending on melatonin secretion pattern and melatonin receptivity, the pars tuberalis seems to modulate at least gonadotropic and thyrotropic activity of the pars distalis via a peptide hormone distributed in the pars distalis by the portal plexus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Manipulating Attributes of Natural Scenes via Hallucination (2019)

In this study, we explore building a two-stage framework for enabling users to directly manipulate high-level attributes of a natural scene. The key to our approach is a deep generative network that can hallucinate images of a scene as if they were taken in a different season (e.g., during winter), weather condition (e.g., on a cloudy day), or at a different time of the day (e.g., at sunset). Once the scene is hallucinated with the given attributes, the corresponding look is then transferred to the input image while preserving the semantic details intact, giving a photo-realistic manipulation result. As the proposed framework hallucinates what the scene will look like, it does not require any reference style image as commonly utilized in most of the appearance or style transfer approaches. Moreover, it allows to simultaneously manipulate a given scene according to a diverse set of transient attributes within a single model, eliminating the need of training multiple networks per each translation task. Our comprehensive set of qualitative and quantitative results demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach against the competing methods.
<i>Leishmania mexicana amazonensis:</i> Differential Display Analysis and Cloning of mRNAs from Attenuated and Infective Forms (1996)

The virulence of Leishmania mexicana is determined by the concerted action of several parasite molecules. These cells lose their infectivity to host macrophages after prolonged cultivation in axenic growth media. Both virulent and attenuated variants of the parasite cells were cloned. The differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique was employed to understand whether this natural attenuation of the parasite cells is accompanied by differential expression of selected genes in those cells. Twelve different dinucleotide-anchored oligo(dT) antisense primers were used to make cDNAs from poly(A)+ mRNAs isolated from a clonal population of virulent and avirulent cells following a protocol optimized for Leishmania mRNAs. Those cDNAs were subjected to amplifications using each of the three different arbitrary decanucleotide primers and the corresponding anchored oligo(dT) primer. This procedure revealed four virulent-specific cDNA probes and one avirulent-specific cDNA probe. Differential expressions of these genes were confirmed by northern hybridization using the cloned cDNA probes. These results indicate that differential expression of genes may be the key in determining the molecular basis of leishmanial virulence.
[Inhibition of polymerization by oxygen in composite filling materials and enamel sealers]. (1976)

The oxygen inhibition upon the polymerization of composite materials was investigated. The method permitted the avoidance of oxygen inhibition even in cases where the special matrix could not be used. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The depth of inhibition, when atmospheric air is admitted, varies, according to different brands of composites, between 25 and 105 mum. 2. By conducting a protective gas over the surface of the polymerizing material, the contact of oxygen is avoided just as if a matrix were used. 3. Avoidance of oxygen is particularly important during the setting period of the material, i.e. the time between the end of mixing and the end of setting. 4. Polymerization under a protective gas makes it possible to polymerize even very thin layers of material and therefore widens the scope of use for sealants in caries prophylaxis.
Uncertainty Assessment of Well Placement Optimization (2001)

Abstract Determining the best location for new wells is a complex problem that depends on reservoir and fluid properties, well and surface equipment specifications, and economic criteria. Numerical simulation is often the most appropriate tool to evaluate the feasibility of well configurations. However, since the data used to establish numerical models have uncertainty, so do the model forecasts. The uncertainties in the model reflect themselves in uncertainties of the outcomes of well configuration decisions. We never possess the true and deterministic information about the reservoir but we may have geostatistical realizations of the truth constructed from the information available. An approach that can translate the uncertainty in the data to uncertainty in the well placement decision in terms of monetary value was developed in this study. The uncertainties associated with well placement were addressed within the utility theory framework using numerical simulation as the evaluation tool. The methodology was evaluated using the PUNQ-S3 model, which is a standard test case that was based on a real field. Experiments were carried on 23 history-matched realizations and a truth case was also available. The results were verified by comparison to exhaustive simulations. Utility theory not only offered the framework to quantify the influence of uncertainties in the reservoir description in terms of monetary value but also provided the tools to quantify the otherwise arbitrary notion of the risk attitude of the decision maker. A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (HGA) was used for optimization. In addition a computationally cheaper alternative was also investigated. The well placement problem was formulated as the optimization of a random function. The GA was used as the optimization tool. Each time a well configuration was to be evaluated, a different realization of the reservoir properties was selected randomly from the set of realizations all of which honored the geologic and dynamic data available from the reservoir. Numerical simulation was then carried out with this randomly selected realization to calculate the objective function value. This approach had the potential to incorporate risk attitudes of the decision maker and was observed to be approximate but computationally feasible.
Distributed Control for Vision-based Convoying (2009)

This thesis describes the design of a vision-based vehicle-following system that uses only on-board sensors to enable a convoy of follower vehicles to autonomously track the trajectory of a manually-driven lead vehicle. The tracking is done using the novel concept of a constant time delay, where a follower tracks the delayed trajectory of its leader. Two separate controllers, one linearized about a point ahead and the other linearized about a constant-velocity trajectory, were designed and tested in simulations and experiments. The experiments were conducted with full-sized military vehicles on a 1.3 km test track. Successful field trials with one follower for 10 laps and with two followers for 13.5 laps are presented.
Flexible micro-processing by multiple microrobots in SEM (2002)

We describe the newly developed flexible micro processing system assisted by 1 inch size robots in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The basic performances of the small robot composed of piezo-elements and electromagnets are presented and then the magnetic shield property is considered to prevent the SEM image distortion due to magnetic flux. In order to handle some small objects, an electrostatic micromanipulator driven by the piezo-bimorph is also incorporated on the robot. The small sliding table on the robot can transport them at SEM focusing point accurately. This arrangement can allow the X-Y accurate positioning at any location within the chamber. On the sample table, a micromanipulator from another small robot can pick up and down the small objects simultaneously. In addition, the fiber guided YAG-laser is also employed to provide the micro-material abrasion. The operator can control each small robot easily with the help of the real time monitoring of SEM image and the PC assisted interface.
Long-term Follow-up of Patients With Acute Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis (2002)

Appropriate diet and drug treatment, including dose titration, of severe HTG is very effective in preventing relapses of HTG-induced AP.
Image‐Guidance for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (2008)

IGS is reliable, and a scientific validation of outcomes would entail unethical strategies. An expanding spectrum of indications is anticipated, although IGS does not replace proper training.
Dual-bridge DC-DC converter: a new topology of no deadtime DC-DC converters (2003)

Two new topologies characterized by no deadtime and small valued output inductor, the dual-bridge DC-DC converter and the dual-bridge converter with ZVS, are presented and analyzed. Simple self-driven synchronous rectification can be used in the new topology for high efficiency implementation. Prototype DC-DC power converters have been tested for verification of the principles. Both simulations and experiments verify the feasibility and advantages of the new topologies.
Cultural Sustainability of the Arts through Cross Cultural Market Segmentation (2006)

The cultural characteristics attributed to individuals in their country of birth are likely to change through immigration and acculturation processes taking place in the host country. Immigrants are likely to develop their own unique cultural styles through a blending of their old culture and the host culture. With slightly less than half of the population born overseas or with at least one parent born overseas, and with some 200 languages Australia has one of the most cosmopolitan populations in the world, with a relatively small population of 20 million. This paper considers the cross cultural nature of the Australian population and the sustainability of culture through the Arts. This paper also considers the marketing of the arts from a cross cultural segmentation perspective. In so doing the paper identifies segmentation issues associated with cross cultural segmentation.
Effects of corona discharge upon polyethylene (1959)

Supporting evidence for the electron bombardment mechanism for the degradation of dielectric materials by corona discharge has been obtained by correlating the maximum radius of oxidized product, oxalic acid, produced by corona discharge from a spherical electrode upon polyethylene, with the theoretical range of electrons produced. Rationalizations concerning the formation of oxalic acid in the process are offered.
Specific Heat of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">He</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Under Pressure (1961)

The heat capacity of a mixture of He3 and powdered cesium magnesium nitrate at 0.02 to 0.1 deg K and at 0.12, greater than that of the minimum in the melting curve, P/sub min/, at external pressures of 30.7, 32.8, and 34.8 atm, was measured. The specific heat seemed to be linear at T below 0.03 deg K at the lowest pressures only. Assumihg Fermi liquid behavior at 0.03 deg K, a greater ratio of specific heat at zero pressure and a lower limit for the isobaric expansion than those formerly obtained were deduce. A transition temperature increasing with pressure was found. Liquid He/sup 3/ at pressures above P/sub min/ and at low temperatures was found to have a smaller specific heat and reduced thermal boundary resistance relative to that at lower pressures. (L.N.N.)
Pilonidal Disease (2011)

Pilonidal disease presents many therapeutic challenges to surgeons throughout the world. Its varied clinical presentations necessitate a wide range of treatments, thus underscoring the need to tailor the treatment to the patient and the severity of disease. Recent studies confirm the efficacy of smaller, more conservative operations for appropriate indications. When flap closures are performed, every attempt should be directed to placing sutures off (lateral) to the midline gluteal cleft. Meticulous attention to the details of immediate and long-term postoperative care is paramount.
Sequestration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tight vacuoles in vivo in lung macrophages of mice infected by the respiratory route (1997)

Following aerosol infection of mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, single mycobacteria or pairs of bacilli were observed within individual phagocytic vacuoles bound by tightly apposed vacuolar membranes. The virulent organism was not observed free in the cytoplasm of the parasitized cells or in the extracellular space of the lung granulomata. This study indicates that in vivo, virulent mycobacteria survive and probably replicate within a unique tight vacuole in the infected phagocyte within the lung.
Induction Heat Treatment of Steel (1986)

Induction heat treatment of steel , Induction heat treatment of steel , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans in rat lung allografts by type V collagen-induced oral tolerance1 (2002)

Collectively these data show that col(V)-induces oral tolerance that prevents BO, and that tolerance may be mediated by systemic production of TGF-beta [corrected].