gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of droplet traffic in interconnected microfluidic ladder devices (2012)

Abstract The problem of controlling the droplet motion in multiphase flows on the microscale has gained increasing attention because the droplet‐based microfluidic devices provide great potentials for chemical and biological applications. It is critical to understand the relevant physics on droplet hydrodynamics and thus control the generation, motion, splitting, and coalescence of droplets in complex microfluidic networks. Numerical simulations using the volume of fluid algorithm are conducted to investigate the time‐dependent dynamics of droplets in gas–liquid multiphase devices. An analytical model based on the electronic–hydraulic analogy is developed to describe the hydrodynamic behavior of the droplets in interconnected microfluidic ladder devices. It is found that the pressure drop caused by the droplets plays a critical role in the droplet synchronization. A fitted formula for pressure drops in the presence of surfactant is achieved by using numerical simulations. Both the numerical and the theoretical results agree well with the corresponding experimental results.
FM RDS PnP radio receiver (2004)

This paper describes development of a radio receiver that was designed as a personal computer (PC) plug-and-play peripheral device. The radio is capable of receiving FM signals in a standard FM band of 87.5 MHz to 108.0 MHz. Sound output is provided as a line output and a headphones output. All circuits of the radio receiver are controlled using Microchip PIC16F873 microcontroller which communicates with the PC using Universal Serial Bus (USB). RDS data is captured from Microtune 1390EHC tuner and send to the PC where it is decoded and presented to the user. USB also provides power supply to the radio receiver.
p14ARF nuclear overexpression in aggressive B-cell lymphomas is a sensor of malfunction of the common tumor suppressor pathways (2002)

p14(ARF), the alternative product from the human INK4a/ARF locus, antagonizes Hdm2 and mediates p53 activation in response to oncogenic stimuli. An immunohistochemical study of p14(ARF) expression in 74 samples of aggressive B-cell lymphomas was performed, demonstrating an array of different abnormalities. A distinct nucleolar expression pattern was detected in nontumoral tissue and a subset of lymphomas (50/74). In contrast, a group of cases (8/74) showed absence of p14(ARF) expression, dependent either on promoter hypermethylation or gene loss. Additionally, 16 out of 74 cases displayed an abnormal nuclear p14(ARF) overexpression not confined to the nucleoli, as confirmed by confocal microscopy, and that was associated with high levels of p53 and Hdm2. A genetic study of these cases failed to show any alteration in the p14(ARF) gene, but revealed the presence of p53 mutations in over 50% of these cases. An increased growth fraction and a more aggressive clinical course, with a shortened survival time, also characterized the group of tumors with p14(ARF) nuclear overexpression. Moreover, this p14(ARF) expression pattern was more frequent in tumors displaying accumulated alterations in the p53, p16(INK4a), and p27(KIP1) tumor supressors. These observations, together with the consideration of the central role of p14(ARF) in cell cycle control, suggest that p14(ARF) abnormal nuclear overexpression is a sensor of malfunction of the major cell cycle regulatory pathways, and consequently a marker of a high tumor aggressivity.
Computing differential properties of 3-D shapes from stereoscopic images without 3-D models (1994)

We are considering the problem of recovering the three-dimensional geometry of a scene from binocular stereo disparity. Once a dense disparity map has been computed from a stereo pair of images, one often needs to calculate some local differential properties of the corresponding 3-D surface such as orientation or curvatures. The usual approach is to build a 3-D reconstruction of the surface(s) from which all shape properties will then be derived without ever going back to the original images. In this paper, we depart from this paradigm and propose to use the images directly to compute the shape properties. We thus propose a new method extending the classical correlation method to estimate accurately both the disparity and its derivatives directly from the image data. We then relate those derivatives to differential properties of the surface such as orientation and curvatures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nota Bene: Innocent Inclusions (1998)

In a curious set of neurodegenerative diseases, a long string of the nucleotide triplet CAG lodges within genes, causing the death of subsets of neurons and ultimately disease. Exactly how these strings of repeats cause cell death is not known, but they do not simply disrupt the function of their target gene. Rather, the long CAG string has a deadly—but undefined—effect of its own.
Signal number prediction in carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSignal number prediction in carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometryCraig A. Shelley and Morton E. MunkCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 11, 1522–1527Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50033a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50033a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iterative Learning Control in a Mass Product : Light on Demand in DLP projection systems (2007)

The ultra high pressure (UHP) lamp has become the preferred light source for (DLP) projection systems. The application of UHP lamps in rear and front projection systems sets new and more stringent requirements on the quality of the light generated by these lamps. Deviations of the lamp current from the desired current profile translate to unwanted variations of the light output of the lamp, which may lead to annoying color effects in the projected image. To be able to meet the stringent requirements on the current variations, a new iterative learning control (ILC) approach to lamp current control problem has been designed and implemented in the lamp driver. The design, implementation and excellent performance are described in this paper.
Measuring the Fuzziness of Sets (1974)

Set theory begins to be useful when there is some natural criterion for defining belonging to a set. Sets of objects without properties are uninteresting. Elements are assigned to sets because they share properties or conform to a rule. A set of elements is said to be fuzzy when we allow some elements to belong to the set unequally or more strongly than others because they have more of the common properties. What we are doing here is to question the concept of equality of belonging of elements to sets. For example, the set of all red roses admits a wide range of redness even though some roses are more red than others. For some purposes, redness may be allowed to range from magenta red to light pink. For other purposes, the range of red may be narrow. If one wishes to be precise, one would have to measure redness in Angstrom units and admit in each set only those uniform roses (if such exist) which have that precise redness wavelength.
4D Multi-Modality Tissue Segmentation of Serial Infant Images (2012)

Accurate and consistent segmentation of infant brain MR images plays an important role in quantifying patterns of early brain development, especially in longitudinal studies. However, due to rapid maturation and myelination of brain tissues in the first year of life, the intensity contrast of gray and white matter undergoes dramatic changes. In fact, the contrast inverse around 6-8 months of age, when the white and gray matter tissues are isointense and hence exhibit the lowest contrast, posing significant challenges for segmentation algorithms. In this paper, we propose a longitudinally guided level set method to segment serial infant brain MR images acquired from 2 weeks up to 1.5 years of age, including the isointense images. At each single-time-point, the proposed method makes optimal use of T1, T2 and the diffusion-weighted images for complimentary tissue distribution information to address the difficulty caused by the low contrast. Moreover, longitudinally consistent term, which constrains the distance across the serial images within a biologically reasonable range, is employed to obtain temporally consistent segmentation results. Application of our method on 28 longitudinal infant subjects, each with 5 longitudinal scans, shows that the automated segmentations from the proposed method match the manual ground-truth with much higher Dice Ratios than other single-modality, single-time-point based methods and the longitudinal but voxel-wise based methods. The software of the proposed method is publicly available in NITRC (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/ibeat).
Ti-diffused LiNbO<inf>3</inf>branched-waveguide modulators: Performance and design (1977)

We report here experimental studies of an amplitude modulator using Ti-diffused LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> branched waveguides. In this paper we present experimental evidence in support of three problem areas connected with the improvement of performance of the device. Solution of the problems has involved the development of a new in-diffusion process to eliminate any background radiation, introduction of a new electrode arrangement which consists of extra electrodes at the branching section to control the splitting action, and finally performing measurements at a longer wavelength ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda_{0} = 1.15 \mu</tex> ) to overcome the limitations of available photomasks.
LA ESTRATEGIA DE BRASIL EN LA ÉPOCA DE LA GLOBALIZACIÓN ECONÓMICA (2012)

The phenomenon of the economic globalization -and its main features,neoliberalism and international trade- has determined the global economictrends during the last decades. Latin America has not been excludedfrom this process. We will analyze how the globalization of markets hasinfl uenced on the Brazilian economic policy which is the leading economiccountry in the region. In addition, we will be able to appreciate how the Brazilianeconomy has achieved a successful adaptation to the new tendencies.Actually, we will review how Brazil has accelerated its growth rates but atthe same time obtained an increasingly fair distribution of the benefi ts promisedby (globalization).
Clinical Features and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Injury in COVID-19 (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Along with the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the main extra-pulmonary targets of SARS-CoV-2 with respect to symptom occurrence and is a potential route for virus transmission, most likely due to the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of GI injury is crucial for a harmonized therapeutic strategy against COVID-19. This review summarizes the current evidence for the clinical features of and possible pathogenic mechanisms leading to GI injury in COVID-19.
Achieving optimal revenues in dynamically priced network services with QoS guarantees (2006)

We have previously proposed the use of dynamically priced network services to provide QoS guarantees within a network. End-to-end QoS can be achieved by concatenating several of these services, perhaps from different ISPs. In this paper we consider the problem of a single ISP determining the bandwidth to allocate to each service, and on which path, in order to maximize revenue while guaranteeing end-to-end QoS. No knowledge of demand functions is assumed. Optimal allocation of bandwidth to services is first considered, where services are assumed to be routed on predetermined paths. We define the Iterative Allocation Adjustment heuristic, based on the concepts of tatonnement, which, through simulation, is shown to achieve over 95% of the optimal revenue for an ISP. We also examine how to value the links in the network to identify rerouting possibilities, or possible routes for new services, in order to improve the revenue of an ISP.
Juvenile hormone. V. Synthesis of the racemic juvenile hormone (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTJuvenile hormone. V. Synthesis of the racemic juvenile hormoneKarl H. Dahm, Barry M. Trost, and Herbert. RoellerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 20, 5292–5294Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00996a041Request reuse permissionsArticle Views490Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (325 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vertical lithography: controlling resist profiles in optical lithography with a large area electron beam (1994)

An electron beam exposure method is described which provides a means of controlling the wall slope and edge profiles of developed patterns in photoresist. The method utilizes a large area, uniform (and near monoenergetic) electron beam exposure system with a programmable accelerating voltage and a precise electron beam dose monitor. Conventional optical lithography patterning is followed by a blanket electron beam exposure. Several variations of the process are described where the photoresist is exposed with the blanket electron beam before or after the development of the resist. The resist is exposed at selected doses of different accelerating voltages inducing a graded solubility at different depths in the resist layer. The process can be used advantageously for achieving undercut profiles in resist for lift- off patterning. Further refinements of the process can be used for micromachining applications and creating three dimensional molds for micromechanical structures.
Convection-enhanced delivery of maghemite nanoparticles: Increased efficacy and MRI monitoring (2008)

Convection-enhanced drug delivery (CED) is a novel approach to delivering drugs into brain tissue. Drugs are delivered continuously via a catheter, enabling large volume distributions of high drug concentrations with minimum systemic toxicity. Previously we demonstrated that CED formation/extent of small molecules may be significantly improved by increasing infusate viscosities. In this study we show that the same methodology can be applied to monodispersed maghemite nanoparticles (MNPs). For this purpose we used a normal rat brain model and performed CED of MNPs over short infusion times. By adding 3% sucrose or 3%-6% polyethylene glycol (PEG; molecular weight 400) to saline containing pristine MNPs, we increased infusate viscosity and obtained increased CED efficacy. Further, we show that CED of dextran-coated MNPs (dextran-MNPs) resulted in increased efficacy over pristine MNPs (p < 0.007). To establish the use of MRI for reliable depiction of MNP distribution, CED of fluorescent dextran-MNPs was performed, demonstrating a significant correlation between the distributions as depicted by MRI and spectroscopic images (r(2) = 0.74, p < 0.0002). MRI follow-up showed that approximately 80%-90% of the dextran-MNPs were cleared from the rat brain within 40 days of CED; the rest remained in the brain for more than 4 months. MNPs have been tested for applications such as targeted drug delivery and controlled drug release and are clinically used as a contrast agent for MRI. Thus, combining the CED method with the advantages of MNPs may provide a powerful tool to treat and monitor brain tumors.
Platelet Biogenesis in the Lung Circulation (2019)

Megakaryocytes are normal cellular components of the blood returning to the heart and entering the lungs, and historical data has pointed to a role of the lungs in platelet production. Recent studies using intravital microscopy have demonstrated that platelet release occurs in the lung from bone marrow megakaryocytes that embolize into the lung circulation.
Polystyrenes and Styrene Copolymers – An Overview (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Polymerization Processes Structure and Morphologies Properties Properties, Range and Applications of MABS Products References
CD207+ CD103+ dermal dendritic cells cross-present keratinocyte-derived antigens irrespective of the presence of Langerhans cells (2009)

Recent studies have challenged the view that Langerhans cells (LCs) constitute the exclusive antigen-presenting cells of the skin and suggest that the dermal dendritic cell (DDC) network is exceedingly complex. Using knockin mice to track and ablate DCs expressing langerin (CD207), we discovered that the dermis contains five distinct DC subsets and identified their migratory counterparts in draining lymph nodes. Based on this refined classification, we demonstrated that the quantitatively minor CD207+ CD103+ DDC subset is endowed with the unique capability of cross-presenting antigens expressed by keratinocytes irrespective of the presence of LCs. We further showed that Y-Ae, an antibody that is widely used to monitor the formation of complexes involving I-Ab molecules and a peptide derived from the I-E alpha chain, recognizes mature skin DCs that express I-Ab molecules in the absence of I-E alpha. Knowledge of this extra reactivity is important because it could be, and already has been, mistakenly interpreted to support the view that antigen transfer can occur between LCs and DDCs. Collectively, these data revisit the transfer of antigen that occurs between keratinocytes and the five distinguishable skin DC subsets and stress the high degree of functional specialization that exists among them.
On the immune response to barley in celiac disease: Biased and public T‐cell receptor usage to a barley unique and immunodominant gluten epitope (2019)

Celiac disease (CeD) is driven by CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses to dietary gluten proteins of wheat, barley, and rye when deamidated gluten epitopes are presented by certain disease-associated HLA-DQ allotypes. About 90% of the CeD patients express HLA-DQ2.5. In such patients, five gluten epitopes dominate the anti-gluten T-cell response; two epitopes unique to wheat, two epitopes present in wheat, barley, and rye and one epitope unique to barley. Despite presence of barley in commonly consumed food and beverages and hence being a prominent source of gluten, knowledge about T-cell responses elicited by barley in CeD is scarce. Therefore, in this study, we explored T-cell response toward the barley unique epitope DQ2.5-hor-3 (PIPEQPQPY) by undertaking HLA-DQ:gluten peptide tetramer staining, single-cell T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ sequencing, T-cell cloning, and T-cell proliferation studies. We demonstrate that majority of the CeD patients generate T-cell response to DQ2.5-hor-3, and this response is characterized by clonal expansion, preferential TCR V-gene usage and public TCR features thus echoing findings previously made for wheat gluten epitopes. The knowledge that biased and public TCRs underpin the T-cell response to all the immunodominant gluten epitopes in CeD suggests that such T cells are promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Thermal and mechanical properties of selected 3D printed thermoplastics in the cryogenic temperature regime (2015)

Insulating materials for use in cryogenic boundary conditions are still limited to a proved selection as Polyamid, Glasfiber reinforced resins, PEEK, Vespel etc. These materials are usually formed to parts by mechanical machining or sometimes by cast methods. Shaping complex geometries in one piece is limited. Innovative 3D printing is now an upcoming revolutionary technology to construct functional parts from a couple of thermoplastic materials as ABS, Nylon and others which possess quite good mechanical stability and allow realizing very complex shapes with very subtle details. Even a wide range of material mixtures is an option and thermal treatments can be used to finish the material structure for higher performance. The use of such materials in cryogenic environment is very attractive but so far poor experience exists. In this paper, first investigations of the thermal conductivity, expansion and mechanical strength are presented for a few selected commercial 3D material samples to evaluate their application prospects in the cryogenic temperature regime.
SOME CULTURAL CHARACTERS OF BACILLUS ABORTUS (BANG) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CO2 REQUIREMENTS (1924)

The relative absence of saprophytism in freshly isolated strains of Bacillus abortus is conveniently measured by inoculating a series of agar tubes with. successive dilutions of culture and sealing the tubes. The appearance of films of growth is delayed from 3 to 17 days and suppressed with the increase in the dilutions. As many as 100,000 bacteria per sq. cm. of agar surface are suppressed. When the confined air contains CO(2) in a concentration as low as (1/4) per cent and up to 10 per cent, the inhibition and suppression do not occur. Concentrations down to 0.1 per cent are still capable, even though in a slightly retarded manner, of bringing high dilutions into growth. In all cases the resulting growth was remarkably vigorous when compared with that in sealed tubes.
Reducing the pain of intradermal lignocaine injection by pH buffering. (1990)

The effect of pH on the pain of administration and efficacy of 1% lignocaine was investigated in a prospective, double-blind, randomized study of 20 adult volunteers. Onset and spread of anaesthesia by intra-dermal injection were not altered, but there was a significant reduction in pain scores with a higher pH. Overall, pain scores appear to be more dependent on the speed of injection rather than alteration of pH.