gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic action of cyclic adenosine monophosphate- and calcium-mediated chloride secretion in a colonic epithelial cell line. (1985)

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the calcium ionophore A23187 caused dose-dependent changes in the potential difference and the short circuit current (Isc) across confluent T84 cell monolayers mounted in modified Ussing chambers. Both VIP and A23187 stimulated net chloride secretion without altering sodium transport. Net chloride secretion accounted for the increase in Isc. When A23187 was tested in combination with VIP, net chloride secretion was significantly greater than predicted from the calculated sum of their individual responses indicating a synergistic effect. VIP increased cellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) production in a dose-dependent manner, whereas A23187 had no effect on cellular cAMP. We then determined whether VIP and A23187 activated different transport pathways. Earlier studies suggest that VIP activates a basolaterally localized, barium-sensitive potassium channel as well as an apically localized chloride conductance pathway. In this study, stimulation of basolateral membrane potassium efflux by A23187 was documented by preloading the monolayers with 86Rb+. Stimulation of potassium efflux by A23187 was additive to the VIP-stimulated potassium efflux. By itself, 0.3 microM A23187 did not alter transepithelial chloride permeability, and its stimulation of basolateral membrane potassium efflux caused only a relatively small amount of chloride secretion. However, in the presence of an increased transepithelial chloride permeability induced by VIP, the effectiveness of A23187 on chloride secretion was greatly augmented. Our studies suggest that cAMP and calcium each activate basolateral potassium channels, but cAMP also activates an apically localized chloride channel. Synergism results from cooperative interaction of potassium channels and the chloride channel.
Improving Named Entity Recognition for Morphologically Rich Languages Using Word Embeddings (2014)

In this paper, we addressed the Named Entity Recognition (NER) problem for morphologically rich languages by employing a semi-supervised learning approach based on neural networks. We adopted a fast unsupervised method for learning continuous vector representations of words, and used these representations along with language independent features to develop a NER system. We evaluated our system for the highly inflectional Turkish and Czech languages. We improved the state-of-the-art F-score obtained for Turkish without using gazetteers by 2.26% and for Czech by 1.53%. Unlike the previous state-of-the-art systems developed for these languages, our system does not make use of any language dependent features. Therefore, we believe it can easily be applied to other morphologically rich languages.
Design and Implementation of Metamorphic Robots (1996)

Abstract This paper discusses issues in the design and implementation of metamorphic robotic systems. A metamorphic robotic system is a collection of independently controlled mechatronic modules, each of which has the ability to connect, disconnect, and climb over adjacent modules. A metamorphic system can dynamically reconfigure by the locomotion of modules over their neighbors. Thus they can be viewed as a collection of connected modular robots which act together to perform the given task. The planar metamorphic robots described in this paper consist of hexagonal or square modules. Because of their shape, the modules completely fill the plane without any gaps, their centers forming a regular lattice. Both the hexagonal and square modules are provided with electromechanical coupling mechanisms actuated by D.C. motors. These connectors help to couple and uncouple modules as they move around each other to form different configurations. The modules are currently controlled by an external processor.
Distribution of Sympathetic Fibers in the Left Ventricular Epicardial Plexus of the Dog (1968)

Myocardial contractile force in five areas of the left ventricle was measured in 14 dogs under chloralose anesthesia prior to and following segmental chemical epicardiectomy. Electrical stimulation of the stellate ganglia was performed before and after each segment of epicardium was destroyed, and records of myocardial contractile response to stimulation were obtained. Epicardiectomy resulted in ablation of contractile response in specific areas of the left ventricle. In a recent publication from our laboratory (Circulation Res. 22: 315, 1968), the predominance of an epicardial distribution of sympathetic fibers was demonstrated. As an extension of that work, this study demonstrates the projection of fibers from both left and right stellate ganglia and the innervation of both anterior and posterior surfaces of the left ventricle. The major projections of sympathetic fibers are oriented along an axis passing from base to apex and can be interrupted by epicardial destruction in the area of the cephalad portion of the anterior descending coronary artery and adjacent to the origin of the left marginal artery.
The Measurement of Clinical Pain (1984)

Major problems in the measurement of clinical pain are created because of (1) its subjective nature, (2) a limited number of reliable and valid instruments that measure the experience, and (3) a multitude of clinical issues such as type of pain, cause, and patient sample characteristics. Instruments currently available measure intensity, behavioral and/or physiologic phenomena associated with pain, and multiple dimensions of the experience of clinical pain. Important factors the nurse must consider when selecting a measuring instrument are the various definitions of pain, the goals of the measurement problem, and the type of pain being measured. Additional factors are specific sample characteristics, ease of administration and scoring, and reliability and validity data. A careful and deliberative selection process should help provide useful and relevant information.
Diagnostic Imaging for Pancreatic Cancer (2004)

Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) are sophisticated modalities typically used in the second-line diagnosis following routine clinical practice. Among them, CT is regarded as the standard imaging in diagnosing pancreatic cancer at present in Japan due to its popularity and reasonable reliability in wide-ranging diagnostic ability. However, even with multidetector row CT (MDCT), the demonstration of pancreatic cancer less than 1 cm in size remains nearly impossible. CT staging is considered accurate in one-half to two-thirds of patients, but limitations in the imaging of peripancreatic microinvasion and nodal or hepatic micrometastases still have a tendency to underestimate tumor extension. With recent advancement in imaging techniques, MRI has proven to be equal or superior to other imaging modalities in diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Most of all, it is expected that MRCP will become as effective an instrument as ultra-sonography (US) in the screening of pancreatic cancer. Functional imaging with PET using the glucose analog FDG can be used in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, but systemic or local disturbance of glucose metabolism may result in an incorrect diagnosis. The usefulness of PET is now considered in assessing tumor viability, monitoring tumor response to treatment, and detecting distant metastases.
Compartmentalized signaling by GPI-anchored ephrin-A5 requires the Fyn tyrosine kinase to regulate cellular adhesion (1999)

Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their corresponding surface-bound ligands, the ephrins, provide cues to the migration of cells and growth cones during embryonic development. Here we show that ephrin-A5, which is attached to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchor, induces compartmentalized signaling within a caveolae-like membrane microdomain when bound to the extracellular domain of its cognate Eph receptor. The physiological response induced by this signaling event is concomitant with a change in the cellular architecture and adhesion of the ephrin-A5-expressing cells and requires the activity of the Fyn protein tyrosine kinase. This study stresses the relevance of bidirectional signaling involving the ephrins and Eph receptors during brain development.
Tumor‐specific T‐cell clones recognize different protein determinants of autologous human malignant melanoma cells (1990)

This study attempts to characterize human melanoma-associated tumor antigens that are recognized by autologous T-lymphocyte clones. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of a melanoma patient (AV) were activated in an autologous-mixed-lymphocyte tumor culture (AMLTC) and responding cells were cloned using irradiated autologous melanoma cells (AV-Mel) as antigen source, EBV-transformed B-lymphoblasts as feeder cells and recombinant Interleukin 2. T-cell clones were isolated which proliferated in response to autologous tumor cells, but not to autologous B-lymphoblasts (AV-B), and which were cytolytic for AV-Mel cells. In an attempt to identify the antigens recognized, an in vitro test system was used, in which 3H-Thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation by T lymphocytes was measured in the presence of protein from AV-Mel cells presented by irradiated autologous accessory cells. Antigen-bearing particles of AV-Mel or AV-B cells were prepared by spotting cell lysates onto nitrocellulose (NC) followed by dissolution with DMSO and precipitation with an aqueous buffer. T cells sensitized against autologous melanoma cells were specifically stimulated by NC-bound AV-Mel protein. Stimulation required the presence of AV-B accessory cells, indicating that B-lymphoblasts are able to present tumor antigens. This approach facilitates screening of polypeptide fractions of AV-Mel cells separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Western blotting for their capacity to stimulate antigen-dependent T-cells. CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-specific clones appear to recognize different antigens on the tumor cell: proliferation of an antigen-dependent CD8+ clone was stimulated by 240- and 24-kDa protein fractions, while proliferation of 2 antigen-dependent CD4+ clones was observed either with an 84- or with 140- and 55-kDa fractions. Molecular definition of the different antigens of tumor cells recognized by autologous T cells may be a prerequisite in attempts to manipulate T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses in a controlled way.
Orbit Propagation and Determination of Low Earth Orbit Satellites (2014)

This paper represents orbit propagation and determination of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Satellite global positioning system (GPS) configured receiver provides position and velocity measures by navigating filter to get the coordinates of the orbit propagation (OP). The main contradictions in real-time orbit which is determined by the problem are orbit positioning accuracy and the amount of calculating two indicators. This paper is dedicated to solving the problem of tradeoffs. To plan to use a nonlinear filtering method for immediate orbit tasks requires more precise satellite orbit state parameters in a short time. Although the traditional extended Kalman filter (EKF) method is widely used, its linear approximation of the drawbacks in dealing with nonlinear problems was especially evident, without compromising Kalman filter (unscented Kalman Filter, UKF). As a new nonlinear estimation method, it is measured at the estimated measurements on more and more applications. This paper will be the first study on UKF microsatellites in LEO orbit in real time, trying to explore the real-time precision orbit determination techniques. Through the preliminary simulation results, they show that, based on orbit mission requirements and conditions using UKF, they can satisfy the positioning accuracy and compute two indicators.
Overexpression of Phytochelatin Synthase in Arabidopsis Leads to Enhanced Arsenic Tolerance and Cadmium Hypersensitivity (2004)

Phytochelatin synthase (PCS) catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of phytochelatins, which are a family of cysteine-rich thiol-reactive peptides believed to play important roles in processing many thiol-reactive toxicants. A modified Arabidopsis thaliana PCS sequence (AtPCS1) was active in Escherichia coli. When AtPCS1 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis from a strong constitutive Arabidopsis actin regulatory sequence (A2), the A2::AtPCS1 plants were highly resistant to arsenic, accumulating 20-100 times more biomass on 250 and 300 microM arsenate than wild type (WT); however, they were hypersensitive to Cd(II). After exposure to cadmium and arsenic, the overall accumulation of thiol-peptides increased to 10-fold higher levels in the A2::AtPCS1 plants compared with WT, as determined by fluorescent HPLC. Whereas cadmium induced greater increases in traditional PCs (PC2, PC3, PC4), arsenic exposure resulted in the expression of many unknown thiol products. Unexpectedly, after arsenate or cadmium exposure, levels of the dipeptide substrate for PC synthesis, gamma-glutamyl cysteine (gamma-EC), were also dramatically increased. Despite these high thiol-peptide concentrations, there were no significant increases in concentrations of arsenic and cadmium in above-ground tissues in the AtPCS1 plants relative to WT plants. The potential for AtPCS1 overexpression to be useful in strategies for phytoremediating arsenic and to compound the negative effects of cadmium are discussed.
Loss of an MDR Transporter in Compact Stalks of Maize <i>br2</i> and Sorghum <i>dw3</i> Mutants (2003)

Agriculturally advantageous reduction in plant height is usually achieved by blocking the action or production of gibberellins. Here, we describe a different dwarfing mechanism found in maize brachytic2 (br2) mutants characterized by compact lower stalk internodes. The height reduction in these plants results from the loss of a P-glycoprotein that modulates polar auxin transport in the maize stalk. The sorghum ortholog of br2 is dwarf3 (dw3), an unstable mutant of long-standing commercial interest and concern. A direct duplication within the dw3 gene is responsible for its mutant nature and also for its instability, because it facilitates unequal crossing-over at the locus.
The Distribution Of Shale In Sandstones And Its Effect Upon Porosity (1975)

A shale volume parameter derived from the response of the gamma ray log in shaly sands is often used to correct the responses of other logs for the effects of the shale. The correlation of a gamma ray parameter to shale volume is usually presented as one direct relationship. However, because the shale can be distributed through the sand in different ways, such as laminated, dispersed, structural, or any combination of these, one may expect varying gamma ray responses dependent upon geometry. It is shown that each of these configurations can involve a different response from the gamma ray and this variable response can be used to determine the shale configuration. A gamma ray parameter vs. porosity crossplot can then be used to determine shale configuration, sand fraction, and sand porosity; the derived equations can be used for implicit solution when processing digital log data. These configurational data can be combined with electric log parameters to determine the oil saturation of the net sand. These log derived parameters are herein verified by direct comparison to rubber sleeve core data. (auth)
Isolation and Characterisation of Glycoproteins from Sputum (1974)

Sputum has been separated into a sol and a gel phase by ultracentrifugation and the components of these phases examined. A glycoprotein of high molecular weight as well as serum albumin, immunoglobulin A, α 1 acid glycoprotein and lactoferrin were detected in the sol phase by gel filtration and immunodiffusion studies. A glycoprotein of similar chemical composition was isolated from the gel phase by solubilisation in 6 M urea/0.1 M NaCl followed by fractional precipitation with ethanol. The carbohydrate content of this glycoprotein, termed the bronchial glycoprotein, varied from 58% (w/w) to 69% (w/w) with sputum from different patients and was composed of fucose, galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine and N ‐acetylneuraminic acid. Serine, threonine and proline constituted 44% (w/w) of the amino acid residues of the bronchial glycoprotein and an alkaline borohydride cleavage study indicated that O ‐glycosidic linkages exist between N ‐acetylgalactosamine and the hydroxyamino acids in the peptide core. Fractionation of the bronchial glycoprotein on DEAE‐Sephadex A‐25 yielded fractions enriched in sulphate and sialic acid but separate fuco, sialo and sulpho glycoproteins were not obtained. Similarly fractionation of the oligosaccharides released by the action of alkaline borohydride yielded a complex mixture of oligosaccharides but sulphated oligosaccharides free of sialic acid were not obtained. Separation of the oligosaccharides into two fractions of different sizes showed that sulphate content was greatest in the larger oligosaccharides whereas sialic acid content was highest in the smaller oligosaccharides. A methylation study of the bronchial glycoprotein, neuraminidase‐digested bronchial glycoprotein and mild acid‐hydrolysed bronchial glycoprotein revealed that the N ‐acetylneuraminic acid was linked to C‐3 of penultimate galactose units. Fucose occurs in three different linkages, approximately 50% is linked to C‐2 of penultimate galactose units, approximately 25% is linked to C‐4 of glucosamine residues already substituted at C‐3 and the remainder is linked to C‐3 of glucosamine residues already substituted at C‐4.
780nm AlGaAs high-power lasers and their reliable operation (1990)

A high-power and short-wavelength laser is required for application to optical information processing systems such as optical disk filing equipment. At present, an AlGaAs ternary alloy is the most practical material for providing a high-power light source. In this paper, we demonstrate a reliable 780nm AlGaAs high power laser.
Immobilized Trienzymatic System with Enhanced Stabilization for the Biotransformation of Lactose (2017)

The use of ketohexose isomerases is a powerful tool in lactose whey processing, but these enzymes can be very sensitive and expensive. Development of immobilized/stabilized biocatalysts could be a further option to improve the process. In this work, β-galactosidase from <i>Bacillus circulans</i>, l-arabinose (d-galactose) isomerase from <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, and d-xylose (d-glucose) isomerase from <i>Streptomyces rubiginosus</i> were immobilized individually onto Eupergit C and Eupergit C 250 L. Immobilized activity yields were over 90% in all cases. With the purpose of increasing thermostability of derivatives, two post-immobilization treatments were performed: alkaline incubation to favor the formation of additional covalent linkages, and blocking of excess oxirane groups by reacting with glycine. The greatest thermostability was achieved when alkaline incubation was carried out for 24 h, producing l-arabinose isomerase-Eupergit C derivatives with a half-life of 379 h and d-xylose isomerase-Eupergit C derivatives with a half-life of 554 h at 50 °C. Preliminary assays using immobilized and stabilized biocatalysts sequentially to biotransform lactose at pH 7.0 and 50 °C demonstrated improved performances as compared with soluble enzymes. Further improvements in ketohexose productivities were achieved when the three single-immobilizates were incubated simultaneously with lactose in a mono-reactor system.
Combustion of GAP Based Energetic Pyrolants (2000)

Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is a high energy material used as a fuel component and binder of propellants and gas generators. High temperature products are formed by the scission of the chemical bond N3 when GAP is decomposed. The major decomposition products are N2, CO, and C. Though GAP contains no oxidizer fragments in its products, an addition of metal particles increases the energy of GAP. A mixture of GAP and metal particles forms a high energy metal based GAP pyrolant, i.e. GAP/metal pyrolant. The metals examined are Al, Mg, B, Ti, and Zr. The results indicate that the thermal decomposition and burning rate are dependent on the type of metals mixed. Abbrand von energetischen Stoffmischungen auf GAP-Basis Glycidilazidpolymer (GAP) ist ein hochenergetisches Material, das als Brennstoffkomponente und als Binder für Treibmittel und Gasgeneratoren verwendet wird. Bei der Zersetzung von Gap entstehen durch die Aufspaltung der N3-Bindung Hochtemperaturprodukte. Die Hauptzersetzungsprodukte sind N2, CO, and C. Obwohl GAP keine oxidierenden Bruchstücke in seinem Produktspektrum enthält, wächst die Energieausbeute von GAP bei Zugabe von Metallpartikeln. Eine Mischung aus GAP und Metallpartikeln bildet eine hochenergetische, auf Metall basierende GAP-Mischung, d.h. GAP/Metall-Mischung. Die untersuchten Metalle sind Al, Mg, B, Ti, and Zr. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die thermische Zersetzung und die Abbrandrate abhängig sind von der Art des zugesetzten Metalls. Combustion de mélanges énergétiques à base de GAP Le Glycidyle Azide Polymère (GAP) est un matériau haute énergie utilisé comme composant combustible et liant dans les propergols et les générateurs de gaz. Lors de la décomposition du GAP, des produits à haute température se forment par coupure de la liaison chimique N3. Les principaux produits de décomposition sont N2, CO et C. Bien que le GAP ne contienne aucun élément oxydant dans ses produits, un apport de particules métalliques augmente l'énergie du GAP. Un mélange de GAP et de particules métalliques constitue un propergol à haute énérgie sous forme d'un mélange GAP/métal. Les métaux examinés sont Al, Mg, B, Ti et Zr. Les résultats indiquent que la décomposition thermique et la vitesse de combustion dépendent des types de métaux mélangés.
Simulating periodontal effects in dental osseointegrated implants: effect of an intramobile damping element on the fatigue strength of dental implants--an in vitro test method. (2004)

The study method made it possible to evaluate damping effects on different levels of implant systems, while satisfying the requirements for testing in a "clinical-like" way. PMMA was comparable to bone in supporting implants during fatigue testing.
Readings in human-computer interaction : a multidisciplinary approach (1987)

This book combines reprints of key research papers with synthesizing survey material provided by the editors. Major sections are devoted to the context of human-computer interaction, the user and usage of interactive computer systems, human factors and accommodating technologies, dialogue techniques and design methodologies, and research frontiers.
Amyloid aggregates of the HET-s prion protein are infectious (2002)

The [Het-s] infectious element of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina is a prion. We have recently reported that recombinant HET-s protein aggregates in vitro into amyloid fibers. In vivo, the protein aggregates specifically in the [Het-s] prion strains. Here, we show that biolistic introduction of aggregated recombinant HET-s protein into fungal cells induces emergence of the [Het-s] prion with a high frequency. Thus, we demonstrate that prion infectivity can be created de novo, in vitro from recombinant protein in this system. Although the amyloid filaments formed from HET-s could transmit [Het-s] efficiently, neither the soluble form of the protein nor amorphous aggregates would do so. In addition, we have found that (i) [Het-s] infectivity correlates with the ability to convert HET-s to amyloids in vitro, (ii) [Het-s] infectivity is resistant to proteinase K digestion, and (iii) HET-s aggregates formed in vivo in [Het-s] strains have the ability to convert the recombinant protein to aggregates. Together, our data designate the HET-s amyloids as the molecular basis of [Het-s] prion propagation.