gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sialyl Lewis(x)/E-selectin-mediated rolling in a cell-free system (1996)

Selections mediate transient adhesion of neutrophils to stimulated endothelial cells at sites of inflammation by binding counter-receptors that present carbohydrates such as sialyl Lewis(x). We have developed a cell-free adhesion assay using sialyl Lewis(x)-coated microspheres and E-selection-IgG chimera-coated substrates to investigate the premise that rolling primarily results from functional properties of selection-carbohydrate bonds, whereas cellular morphology and signaling act as secondary effects. Sialyl Lewis(x)-coated microspheres attach to and roll over E-selectin-IgG chimera-coated substrates between the physiological wall shear stresses of 0.7 and 2 dynes/cm2. Rolling velocities vary with time and depend on E-selectin-IgG chimera site density and wall shear stress. Our results show that sialyl Lewis(x) is a minimal functional recognition element required for rolling on E-selectin under flow.
Progress and applications of Q-switching techniques using molecular gas lasers (1966)

Molecular gas laser Q-switching techniques, determining rotational collision sections for carbon dioxide and cross sections for vibrational relaxation
A Look at Legal Education: The Globalization of American Legal Education (2007)

Conference of Chief Justices and Conference of State Court Administrators Annual Meeting July 29-August 2, 2006 Indianapolis, Indiana.
A study on the measurement of one-dimensional vibration intensity carried by bending vibration in a beam. (1993)

The measurement of energy transported by bending vibration in a structure may provide useful information on the problems of vibration transmission in the structure and sound radiation from it. Measurements were performed for one-dimensional propagation of bending vibration in beams using two and four pick-ups. The errors caused by the use of finite difference approximations, differences in gain and phase among channels, and disparity in pick-up intervals were also taken into consideration. Since there have been few studies on near fields, we also investigated how far the near field extends.
CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT IN THE COPRODUCTION OF POLICE OUTPUTS (1996)

ABSTRACT It is often implied that citizens’ attitudes toward the police are a determinant of their willingness to engage in the coproduction of police outputs. This relationship, however, has been subjected to only limited empirical scrutiny. Using data from a three wave panel survey conducted in a large metropolitan area, this study examines the determinants of coproduction with particular emphasis on the causal role of citizens’ attitudes toward the police. The study provides little support for the hypothesis which links citizens’ attitudes to citizen willingness to engage in coproductive behaviors. Instead, a variety of other individual level variables appear to have a much greater effect on citizen willingness to engage in coproductive behaviors.
<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Tubulin Gene Structure (1986)

DNA sequencing studies have provided a picture of the total information available at the gene level for tubulin production in C. reinhardtii. The data indicates that diversity at the gene level is very limited and that all the microtubules in the cell are composed of a very similar set of tubulins. These studies contrast with similar studies of S. pombe alpha-tubulin genes and chicken beta-tubulin genes that show much heterogeneity among members of the same gene family. Further studies will be needed to investigate whether the high degree of conservation of tubulin genes is unique or common among lower eukaryotes, and what mechanisms are used to maintain homogeneity in C. reinhardtii tubulin gene families. Our DNA sequence analysis, in addition to the work of Brunke et al., has provided information on the noncoding, and possibly regulatory, portions of the tubulin genes. For example, the promoter regions of the 4 tubulin genes share a consensus sequence of 16 nucleotides upstream of the TATA box. This sequence could be involved in regulating the coordinate expression of the genes. Although little homology exists generally in the noncoding region of the genes, striking homology between the third IVS in each beta-tubulin gene is observed. Small elements homologous to the beta-tubulin IVS 3 also exist in the second IVS of each alpha-tubulin gene. In addition, considerable homology in the 5' noncoding portion of the alpha-tubulin transcripts has been noted. These homologies may be the result of recent gene conversion events, and may not have functional significance. The possibility, however, must also be considered in future experiments that these elements may play a role in regulating the expression of the tubulin genes.
Meizothrombin, an intermediate of prothrombin cleavage potently activates renal carcinoma cells by interaction with PAR-type thrombin receptors (2003)

Recently, meizothrombin (MT), an intermediate enzyme in the prothrombin cleavage cascade has been shown to activate cells of a brain tumor cell line by interaction with PAR-1-type thrombin receptors with a potency comparable to that of thrombin. In this study, we investigated the effect of recombinant human MT (rMT) on calcium mobilization in primary cultures established from surgically resected human renal cell carcinomas. Meizothrombin induced very rapidly transient calcium mobilization in RCC cells comparable to that observed with thrombin. RCC cells stimulated with thrombin after rMT challenge were unable to elicit a new calcium response and vice versa. Therefore, rMT and thrombin seem to activate calcium signaling in primary RCC cultures by similar mechanisms including PAR-1- and PAR-3-type thrombin receptors as shown by using PAR-type specific antibodies. Our results demonstrate rMT as a potent activator of human RCC cells suggesting a function of not only thrombin but also of this catalytically active thrombin precursor enzyme in human renal cell carcinoma.
Multi-Channel Speech Recognition: LSTMs All the Way Through (2016)

Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural networks (LSTMs) have demonstrable advantages on a variety of sequential learning tasks. In this paper we demonstrate an LSTM “triple threat” system for speech recognition, where LSTMs drive the three main subsystems: microphone array processing, acoustic modeling, and language modeling. This LSTM trifecta is applied to the CHiME-4 distant recognition challenge. Our previous state-of-the-art ASR systems for the previous CHiME challenge employed LSTM mask estimation based beamforming, noise robust features, in addition to DNN/RNNLM based back end. The proposed system refines each module of the previous system including bidirectional LSTM (BLSTM) mask estimation based beamforming, BLSTM-DNN hybrid acoustic model, and language model rescoring based on LSTM. We perform constrained re-estimation based speaker adaptation, and also prepare several complementary systems by changing the beamforming strategy and the acoustic model configurations, and combine these systems based on word-posterior based system combination. The final system achieved 2.98% WER for the real test set in the 6-channel track, which reduces the WER from the baseline by 8.5% absolute, and also outperforms our previous CHiME-3 system by 6.1% absolutely.
Smartphone electrocardiogram monitoring: current perspectives (2018)

Abstract: Three-fourths of Americans now own smartphones. Mobile health applications are becoming increasingly common for the management of various chronic diseases, and have the potential to improve health outcomes. One of these is the sector of smartphone electrocardiogram (ECG) technology. Previously, obtaining an ECG has involved a bulky machine requiring medical training to operate. Most of the smartphone ECG technologies involve a single-lead ECG obtained on a small device that communicates with a smartphone. Many companies offer smartphone ECG technology. The most prevalent and studied of these is the Kardia Mobile device by AliveCor ® , which has a Food and Drug Administration-approved algorithm for detecting atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, we specifically review smartphone ECG technology including model specifications, cost, and ongoing clinical trials. We also review clinical uses of the technology including screening and monitoring of AF, QT monitoring during initiation of rhythm control medications, and the ability to accurately detect ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Keywords: smartphone, ECG, AliveCor, Kardia Mobile, Cardiac Designs, ECG Check, D-Heart, QardiaCore, EPI Mini, iHealth Rhythm, atrial fibrillation
Dual-core antiresonant hollow core fibers (2016)

In this work, dual-core antiresonant hollow core fibers (AR-HCFs) are numerically demonstrated, based on our knowledge, for the first time. Two fiber structures are proposed. One is a composite of two single-core nested nodeless AR-HCFs, exhibiting low confinement loss and a circular mode profile in each core. The other has a relatively simple structure, with a whole elliptical outer jacket, presenting a uniform and wide transmission band. The modal couplings of the dual-core AR-HCFs rely on a unique mechanism that transfers power through the air. The core separation and the gap between the two cores influence the modal coupling strength. With proper designs, both of the dual-core fibers can have low phase birefringence and short modal coupling lengths of several centimeters.
Facile Synthesis of a Crystalline, High‐Surface‐Area SnO<sub>2</sub> Aerogel (2005)

Preparation of a low-density, high- surface-area SnO2 aerogel (see Figure inset), comprised of interconnected, randomly oriented crystalline (rutile) SnO2 nanoparticles ∼3–5 nm in size is reported. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy at the Sn M4,5 edge reveals that the electronic structure of the SnO2 aerogel is similar to that of tetragonal SnO, rather than SnO2 or β-Sn, with additional Sn-related electronic states close to the conduction band minimum.
Ulcerogenic Property of Steroids (1958)

An assay for the ulcerogenic property of steroids is described. The test compound is administered subcutaneously once a day for 4 days during which the animals are fasted in individual cages. At autopsy, the incidence of animals showing ulcers is noted, severity is estimated, and number of ulcers per rat is counted. These 3 values are combined and expressed in terms of ulcer index ranging from 0 to 20. It was shown that response is directly related to dose and that Δ1-cortisol is 2 to 3 times as ulcerogenic as cortisol. Hypotheses to explain this effect of steroids are mentioned, namely, increased secretion of gastric juice, antiphlogistic property of steroids favoring necrosis of the mucosa, and decrease of mucus formation in steroid-treated animals.
Study of Critical Dimensions of Printable Phase Defects Using an Extreme Ultraviolet Microscope (2009)

We constructed an extreme ultraviolet microscopy (EUVM) system for actinic mask inspection that consists of Schwarzschild optics and an X-ray zooming tube. This system was used to inspect completed extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) masks and Mo/Si coated substrates on ultralow expansion (ULE) glass. We also have fabricated programmed phase defects on the blanks used for inspection. The EUVM system was capable of resolving a programmed line-pit defect with a width of 40 nm and a depth of 10 nm and also that with a width of 70 nm and a depth of 2 nm. However, a 75-nm-wide, 1.5-nm-deep pit defect was not resolved. The EUVM system was also capable of resolving programmed hole-pit defects with widths ranging from 35 to 170 nm and depths ranging from 2.2 to 2.5 nm. However, 20-nm-wide, 1.5-nm-deep hole-pit defects were not resolved. These results agree with the simulation results perfectly. Thus, in this study, critical dimensions of a pit defects on mask blanks were determined to be a width of 20 nm and a depth of 2 nm.
Immobilization of TiO<sub>2</sub>Nanopowder on Glass Beads for the Photocatalytic Decolorization of an Azo Dye C.I. Direct Red 23 (2005)

TiO2 supported on glass beads was prepared and its photocatalytic activity was determined by photooxidation of the commercial textile dye, C.I. Direct Red 23, in aqueous solution illuminated by a UV-C lamp (30 W). The progress of photocatalytic decolorization of the C.I. Direct Red 23 was studied by measuring the absorbance at lambda(max) = 507 nm by UV Vis spectrophotometer. The experiments indicated that both UV light and TiO2 were needed for the effective destruction of the dye. The effect of pH on the rate of decolorization efficiency was followed in the pH range 2-12. Acidic pH range was found to favor the decolorization rate. The addition of a proper amount of hydrogen peroxide improved the decolorization, whereas the excess hydrogen peroxide quenched the formation of hydroxyl radicals (*OH). The electrical energy consumption per order of magnitude for photocatalytic decolorization of the dye was lower in the UV/TiO2/H2O2 process than that in the UV/TiO2 process. In the real wastewater sample the efficiency of the method was determined by measuring the changes in the absorption spectra of the dye solution during photodegradation. Our results indicated that during the photooxidation process, the decolorization efficiency was more than 80% at irradiation time of 3 h.
Asset Locator – A Framework for Enterprise Software Asset Management (2002)

This paper introduces the Enterprise Software Asset Management (ESAM) paradigm, which defines an approach to doing automated software asset management. ESAM is a comprehensive integrated solution supporting search and reuse, collaboration, knowledge sharing, impact analysis, and other enterprise-centric services. We describe Asset Locator, a low-cost, scalable and extensible solution that realizes ESAM. Asset Locator uses a set of autonomous scheduled crawlers that scan enterprise repositories to discover development resources. A set of domain-specific analyzers process the discovered resources by identifying and extracting semantic features. Powerful search and navigation engines enable clients to explore the analyzed information. The design of Asset Locator as an extensible framework has enabled its easy integration into several IBM product offerings. 1
Plastics Technology Handbook (2010)

This comprehensive handbook provides a simplified, practical and innovative approach to understanding the design and manufacture of plastic products. It will expand the reader's understanding of plastics technology by defining and focusing on past, current, and future technical trends. The content is presented so that both technical and nontechnical readers can understand the interrelationships of materials to processes. Different plastic products are examined and their related critical factors are shown, from meeting performance requirements in different environments, to reducing costs and targeting for zero defects. Examples used include small to large, and simple to complex shapes. Information is included on static properties (tensile, flexural), dynamic properties (creep, fatigue, impact) and physical and chemical properties. Extensive reference sources and useful data and physical and chemical constants are also provided. Volume 2 offers detailed coverage of most major plastics processing techniques, including injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, and thermoforming.
Immobilized tannase (1974)

Abstract The enzyme tannase has been immobilized on an inorganic support by covalent attachment. This immobilized enzyme was characterized and half‐lives determined. Since this enzyme has application in the treatment of tea cream, experiments were also carried out to determine the effect of tea on enzyme half‐life.
Modal properties of an external diode-laser-array cavity with diffractive mode-selecting mirrors (1995)

Coupled mode theory is used to describe the behavior of an external laser cavity consisting of a diode laser array and a diffractive mode-selecting mirror. The mirror is designed to establish a uniform-amplitude, uniform-phase fundamental mode. Coupled mode theory is then used to study the behavior of higher-order modes. We show that the maximum discrimination against higher-order modes occurs when the round-trip cavity length satisfies certain Talbot relations. In addition, this high modal discrimination can be maintained for arrays with large numbers of lasers without incurring significant loss in the fundamental mode.
Cutaneous allodynia in the migraine population (2007)

The Allodynia Symptom Checklist measures overall allodynia and subtypes. CA affects 63% of migraineurs in the population and is associated with frequency, severity, disability, and associated symptoms of migraine. CA maps onto migraine biology.
Un día de octubre (comedia en tres actos). Acto primero (1929)

Short and long sleep duration, as well as a rotating shift work schedule, were associated with increased reports of head and chest colds in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Sleep and circadian function may serve as relevant targets to reduce susceptibility to infectious illness.
A Knowledge-based System for the Image Correspondence Problem (1988)

The image correspondence problem has generally been considered the most difficult step in both stereo and temporal vision. Most existing approaches match area features or linear features extracted from an image pair. The approach described in this paper is novel in that it uses an expert system shell to develop an image correspondence knowledge-based system for the general image correspondence problem. The knowledge it uses consists of both physical properties and spatial relationships of the edges and regions in images for every edge or region matching. A computation network is used to represent this knowledge. It allows the computation of the likelihood of matching two edges or regions with logical and heuristic operators. Heuristics for determining the correspondences between image features and the problem of handling missing information will be discussed. The values of the individual matching results are used to direct the traversal and pruning of the global matching process. The problem of parallelizing the entire process will be discussed. Experimental results on real-world images show that all matching edges and regions have been identified correctly.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) proton exchange membranes modified with 4,4-diaminodiphenylether-2,2-disulfonic acid (2011)

A proton-exchange membrane for a direct methanol fuel cell was prepared by modifying the chemical structure of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by means of sulfonation. We report the synthesis of a new proton-conducting polymer membrane with poly (vinyl alcohol) and diamine-containing organic molecules immobilized to PVA. The sulfonation was carried out by using 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-2,2-disulfonic acid (ODADS). A sulfonated diamine monomer, ODADS, was successfully synthesized by direct sulfonation of a commercially available diamine, 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), using fuming sulfuric acid as the sulfonating reagent. The chemical structure and thermal stability of the sulfonated PVA were studied by using FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis techniques, respectively. The proton conductivities of membranes were investigated as a function of ODADS content. The thermal decomposition of PVA-ODADS membranes started at 220C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated the homogeneity of the blends. Proton conductivity values of the sulfonated PVA membranes ranged between 8.25 and 16.53 mS/cm and the conductivities of PVA-ODADS membranes increased with the increasing ODADS content.
Statistical Modeling of SAR Images: A Survey (2010)

Statistical modeling is essential to SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image interpretation. It aims to describe SAR images through statistical methods and reveal the characteristics of these images. Moreover, statistical modeling can provide a technical support for a comprehensive understanding of terrain scattering mechanism, which helps to develop algorithms for effective image interpretation and creditable image simulation. Numerous statistical models have been developed to describe SAR image data, and the purpose of this paper is to categorize and evaluate these models. We first summarize the development history and the current researching state of statistical modeling, then different SAR image models developed from the product model are mainly discussed in detail. Relevant issues are also discussed. Several promising directions for future research are concluded at last.
Ultrasonic Cutting of Energy Crops (2012)

Agricultural and forest residues in addition to energy crops are major biomass feedstocks for biofuel production. Cutting of biomass feedstocks during harvesting and preprocessing is one of the challenges for sustainable biofuel production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an ultrasonic cutting blade on shearing switchgrass. Finite element methodology was used to model the ultrasonic cutting blades and its interactions with switchgrass during cutting. Experimental investigations were performed using a cutting rig to validate the model. Compared to conventional cutting, ultrasonic cutting reduced the force and energy consumption for cutting switchgrass while the cutting speed did not affect the cutting performance of the ultrasonic blade. Details of the finite element modeling and the experimental results are presented in this paper.
Differential actions of insecticides on target sites: basis for selective toxicity (2007)

Whereas the selective toxicity of insecticides between insects and mammals has a long history of studies, it is now becoming abundantly clear that, in many cases, the differential action of insecticides on insects and mammalian target receptor sites is an important factor. In this paper, we first introduce the mechanism of action and the selective toxicity of pyrethroids as a prototype of study. Then, a more detailed account is given for fipronil, based primarily on our recent studies. Pyrethroids keep the sodium channels open for a prolonged period of time, causing elevation of the depolarizing after-potential. Once the after-potential reaches the threshold for excitation, repetitive after-discharges are produced, resulting in hyperexcitation of intoxicated animals. Only about 1% of sodium channels needs to be modified to produce hyperexcitation, indicating a high degree of toxicity amplification from sodium channels to animals. Pyrethroids were >1000-fold more potent on cockroach sodium channels than rat sodium channels, and this forms the most significant factor to explain the selective toxicity of pyrethroids in insects over mammals. Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole, is known to act on the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor to block the chloride channel. It is effective against certain species of insects that have become resistant to most insecticides, including those acting on the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor, and is much more toxic to insects than to mammals. Recently, fipronil has been found to block glutamate-activated chloride channels in cockroach neurons in a potent manner. Since mammals are devoid of this type of chloride channel, fipronil block of the glutamate-activated chloride channel is deemed responsible, at least partially, for the higher selective toxicity to insects over mammals and for the lack of cross-resistance.
The electrical resistivity of G. P. zones (1977)

Abstract Electrical resistivities are calculated from first principles, for Al-Zn, Al-Ag, Al-Cu and Cu-Be, at various stages of age hardening. Free electron transport theory is used, in the relaxation time approximation. The calculated resistivities are fitted by phenomenological formulae, which then serve to summarize the results and to extend them to a whole range of different alloy configurations. The formulae should be useful in the interpretation of resistivity measurements, to aid the monitoring of the ageing process. It is argued that in general the resis tivity data show that the number of clusters decreases during isothermal ageing, in agreement with recent X-ray studies.