gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Irreversible enzyme inhibitors. CLXXVII. Active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase derived from 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1-(phenylalkylphenyl)-s-triazines. II (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIrreversible enzyme inhibitors. CLXXVII. Active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase derived from 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1-(phenylalkylphenyl)-s-triazines. IIBernard Randall Baker and Nicolaas M. J. VermeulenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 6, 1154–1160Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00300a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00300a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance analysis of interference between UWB and SS signals (2003)

Much attention has been paid to a new form of spread spectrum technique called ultra wideband (UWB) impulse radio system for future high speed wireless communication services. In this paper, we derive some expressions which quantify UWB interference to SS signal and vice-versa. This theoretical analysis is then compared with computer simulations.
Novel genes modulated by FSH in normal and immortalized FSH‐responsive cells: new insights into the mechanism of FSH action (2003)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) controls the development of follicle-enclosed oocytes in the mammalian ovary by interacting with specific receptors located exclusively on granulosa cells. Its biological activity involves stimulation of intercellular communication, intracellular signaling, and up-regulation of steroidogenesis; the entire spectrum of genes regulated by FSH is not yet fully characterized. We have established monoclonal rat FSH-responsive granulosa cell lines that express FSH receptors at 20-fold higher rates than with primary cells, and thus increased the probability of yielding a distinct spectrum of genes modulated by FSH. Using Affymetrix DNA microarrays, we discovered 11 genes not reported earlier to be up-regulated by FSH and 9 genes not reported earlier to be down-regulated by FSH. Modulation of signal transduction associated with G-protein signaling, phosphorylation of proteins, and intracellular-extracellular ion balance was suggested by up-regulation of decay accelerating factor GPI-form precursor (DAF), membrane interacting protein RGS16, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase), oxidative stress-inducible protein tyrosine phosphatase (OSIPTPase), and down-regulation of rat prostatic acid phosphatase (rPAP), Na+, K+-ATPase, and protein phosphatase 1beta. Elevation in granzyme-like proteins 1 and 3, and natural killer (NK) cell protease 1 (NKP-1) along with reduction in carboxypeptidase E indicates possible FSH-mediated preparation of the cells for apoptosis. Up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factors indicates the ability of FSH to produce angiogenic factors upon their maturation; whereas, reduction in insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP3) indicates its increased potential to promote p53-induced apoptosis. Striking similarities in FSH modulation of gene expression were found in primary cultures of human granulosa cells obtained from IVF patients although these cells expressed only 1% of FSH receptor compared with immortalized rat cells, as indicated by microarray technique, which probably is in the normal range of expression of this receptor in nontransformed cells. These findings should increase our understanding of the mechanism of FSH action in stimulating development of the ovarian follicular cells, of intracellular and intercellular communication, and of increasing the potential of ovarian follicular cells to undergo apoptosis during the process of selection of the dominant follicle.
Predictive decomposition of seismic traces (1957)

Abstract The generalized harmonic analysis, or spectral decomposition, of a time series results in its representation in terms of its harmonic, or sinusoidal, components. This paper, on the other hand, develops in an expository manner the generalized regression analysis, or predictive decomposition, of a time series. This decomposition results in the representation of the time series at any moment in terms of its own observable past history plus an unpredictable, random-like innovation. For the purposes of this paper, it is assumed that a seismic trace (recorded with automatic volume control) is additively composed of many overlapping seismic wavelets which arrive as time progresses. It is assumed that each wavelet has the same stable, one-sided, minimum-phase shape and that the arrival times and strengths of these wavelets may be represented by a time sequence of uncorrelated random variables. By applying the predictive decomposition theorem, it is shown how the wavelet shape may be extracted from the trace, leaving as a residual the strengths of the wavelets at their respective arrival times.
Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>Hydrolysis of Supported Phospholipid Bilayers:  A Neutron Reflectivity and Ellipsometry Study (2005)

We have investigated the phospholipase A(2) catalyzed hydrolysis of supported phospholipid bilayers using neutron reflection and ellipsometry. At the hydrophilic silica-water interface, hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine bilayers by phospholipase A(2) from Naja mossambica mossambica venom is accompanied by destruction of the bilayer at an initial rate, which is comparable for DOPC and DPPC but is doubled for POPC. The extent of bilayer destruction at 25 degrees C decreases from DOPC to POPC and is dramatically reduced for DPPC. Neutron reflectivity measurements indicate that the enzyme penetrates into the bilayers in increasing order for DOPC, POPC, and DPPC, while the amount of enzyme adsorbed at the interface is smallest for DPPC and exhibits a maximum for POPC. Penetration into the hydrophobic chain region in the bilayer is further supported by the fact that the enzyme adsorbs strongly and irreversibly to a hydrophobic monolayer of octadecyltrichlorosilane. These results are rationalized in terms of the properties of the reaction products and the effect of their accumulation in the membrane on the kinetics of enzyme catalysis.
A real-time pulse wave detection device basing on signal envelope (2012)

We design a portable ECG (electrocardiograph) and PPG (photoplethysmograph pulse wave) measurement device which can simultaneously detect ECG and PPG signal, analyze arrhythmia and calculate SpO2 (oxygen saturation of blood). It consists of two parts: the main and the sub. MSP430 MCU is the most important part. Besides, there are front-end amplifiers, filter circuit, Bluetooth module, data management module, keyboard and LCD display module, etc. The device can detect QRS complex and PPG signals in real time. For the Fantasia database and patients, the monitor can correctly judge the QRS complex of ECG signals and pulse wave signal.
Enhancement of acoustic based partial discharge detection using pattern recognition techniques (2011)

Partial Discharge (PD) phenomenon is one of the major factors that may lead to insulation deterioration in power transformers. Several techniques were developed to detect partial discharge activity. Acoustic detection has been utilized for PD signal detection in power transformers. Acoustic detection has several advantages compared to other techniques such as: it is immune to electromagnetic interference and it can be used to locate the PD activity. However, the acoustic signals suffer from high attenuation which makes the detection of PD activity a difficult task. This paper presents a pattern recognition based technique for enhancing the acoustic detection of partial discharge signals. Different cases for PD generation were simulated which include the presence of different types of barriers such as paper insulation and core material. In addition, the effects of the tank size and the distance between the PD source and the acoustic sensor on the detection performance were studied. The features extracted from the acquired signals in all cases were fed to an artificial neural network which was used for training and classification. The results have shown that the detection performance of acoustic PD signals could be significantly enhanced using some features like signal entropy.
Spatial and temporal registration of cardiac SPECT and MR images: methods and evaluation. (1991)

Image registration may assist in the integration of information from multiple sources by allowing direct point-for-point comparisons of studies. To determine the usefulness of such a technique, a method for the spatial and temporal registration of four-dimensional single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) and magnetic resonance (MR) cardiac images was developed. Automatically detected left ventricular endocardial surfaces were used to determine the best transform between the two sets of surface points, and that transform was applied to the original SPECT image. A fused image created from the MR and the transformed SPECT images combined the information in both. The authors tested the method with seven patient studies. Registration reduced the distance between the MR and SPECT left ventricular endocardial surfaces by 30%, to an average of 2.7 mm. The authors found that, by using the fused images, perfusion abnormalities could be easily localized and correlated to high-resolution endocardial wall motion and systolic wall thickening.
Proton relaxation enhancement (1993)

Paramagnetic and superparamagnetic substances are used as contrast agents to enhance proton relaxation in magnetic resonance imaging. This review summarizes the physics of contrast agents, specifically the mechanisms by which contrast agents enhance T1 and T2 relaxation. The purpose is to provide a background for understanding the behavior of existing contrast agents in basic experimental and clinical studies. Terms such as magnetic dipole, dipole moment, magnetic susceptibility, diamagnetism, paramagnetism, superparamagnetism, and ferromagnetism are introduced. Two important interactions between the magnetic dipole moments of paramagnetic substances and the dipole moments associated with protons are described. The Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan equations and other basic relaxation theory that has been confirmed experimentally are introduced to account for the dependence of relaxation on such parameters as the Larmor frequency, magnetic moment, accessibility of water molecules to the core of a contrast agent, and frequency of molecular motions.
Interstitial cells of the adult neocortical white matter are the remnant of the early generated subplate neuron population (1989)

The postnatal fate of the first-generated neurons of the cat cerebral cortex was examined. These neurons can be identified uniquely by 3H-thymidine exposure during the week preceding the neurogenesis of cortical layer 6. Previous studies in which 3H-thymidine birthdating at embryonic day 27 (E27) was combined with immunohistochemistry have shown that these neurons are present in large numbers during fetal and early postnatal life within the subplate (future white matter), that they are immunoreactive for the neuron-specific protein MAP2 and for the putative neurotransmitters GABA, NPY, SRIF, and CCK. Here, the same techniques were used to follow the postnatal location and disappearance of the early generated subplate neuron population. At birth (P0), subplate neurons showing immunoreactivity for GABA, NPY, SRIF, or CCK are present in large numbers and at high density within the white matter throughout the neocortex, and the entire population can be observed as a dense MAP2-immunoreactive band situated beneath cortical layer 6. Between P0 and P401 (adulthood), the MAP2-immunostained band disappears so that comparatively few MAP2-immunoreactive neurons remain within the white matter. There is a corresponding decrease in the number and density of neurons stained with antibodies against neurotransmitters. In each instance, these neurons could be double-labeled by the administration of 3H-thymidine at E27, indicating that they are the remnants of the early generated subplate neuron population. The major period of decrease occurs during the first 4 postnatal weeks, and adult values are attained by 5 months. Within the white matter of the lateral gyrus (visual cortex), the density of immunostained neurons decreases dramatically: MAP2, 82%, SRIF, 81%, and NPY, 96%. While SRIF-immunoreactive neurons compose a nearly constant percentage of MAP2-immunoreactive neurons in the white matter between P0 (22%) and P401 (23%), those immunoreactive for NPY decline from 18 to 4%. These changes occur during the same period in which there is less than a twofold increase in white matter area. These observations indicate that the interstitial neurons of the adult neocortical white matter are the oldest neurons of the cerebral cortex since most if not all are derived from the subplate neuron population. In addition, a quantitative analysis suggests that the postnatal decline in subplate neuron density cannot be accounted for solely through dilution by differential growth of the white matter and most likely reflects an absolute decrease in subplate neuron number.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Suitability of DCPs with Screw Locking Elements to allow sufficient interfragmentary motion to promote secondary bone healing of osteoporotic fractures (2012)

This paper analyses the suitability of a system comprising a Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) and Screw Locking Elements (SLEs) to allow sufficient interfragmentary motion to promote secondary bone healing in osteoporotic fractures. Four fixation systems were mounted on bone-simulating reinforced epoxy bars filled with solid rigid polyurethane foam. Group 1, used for comparison purposes, represents a system comprised of a Locking Compression Plate (LCP) and eight locking screws. Groups 2 and 3 represent a system comprised of a DCP plate with eight cortical screws and two SLEs placed on the screws furthest from (group 2) and nearest to (group 3) the fracture. Group 4 represents the system comprised of a DCP plate with SLEs placed on all eight cortical screws. Cyclic compression tests of up to 10,000 load cycles were performed in order to determine the parameters of interest, namely the stiffnesses and the interfragmentary motion of the various configurations under consideration. Tukey's multiple comparison test was used to analyse the existence or otherwise of significant differences between the means of the groups. At 10,000 cycles, interfragmentary motion at the far cortex for group 2 was 0.60±0.04 mm and for group 3 0.59±0.03 mm (there being no significant differences: p=0.995). The mean interfragmentary motion at the far cortex of the LCP construct was 70% less than that of the two groups with 2SLEs (there being significant differences: p=1.1×10(-8)). In the case of group 4 this figure was 45% less than in groups 2 and 3 (there being significant differences: p=5.6×10(-6)). At 10,000 cycles, interfragmentary motion at the near cortex for group 2 was 0.24±0.06 mm and for group 3 0.24±0.03 mm (there being no significant differences: p=1.000). The mean interfragmentary motion at the near cortex of the LCP construct was 70.8% less than that of the two groups with 2SLEs (there being significant differences: p=0.011). In the case of group 4 this figure was 66.7% less than in groups 2 and 3 (there being significant differences: p=0.016). The mean stiffness at 10,000 cycles was 960±110 N mm(-1) for group 2 and 969±53 N mm(-1) for group 3 (there being no significant differences: p=1.000). For group 1 (the LCP construct) the mean stiffness at 10,000 cycles was 3144±446 N mm(-1), 3.25 times higher than that of groups 2 and 3 (there being significant differences: p=0.00002), and 1.6 times higher than that of the DCP+8SLEs construct (1944±408 N mm(-1), there being significant differences: p=0.007). It is concluded that using the DCP+2SLEs construct sufficient interfragmentary motion is ensured to promote secondary bone healing. However, if too many SLEs are used the result may be, as with the LCP, an excessively rigid system for callus formation.
Automatic Fuzzy Ontology Generation for Semantic Help-Desk Support (2006)

Customer service support is an important operation for most multinational manufacturing companies. With the advancement of internet technologies, customer services nowadays are supported through web-based systems. More recently, rapid development of the semantic web and semantic web services has prompted us to develop a semantic help-desk for supporting customer services over the semantic web environment, which is presented in this paper. In particular, a fuzzy formal concept analysis (FCA)-based approach is developed for automatic generation of fuzzy machine service ontology that can deal with uncertain information. The proposed automatic fuzzy ontology generation technique consists of the following steps: fuzzy formal concept analysis, fuzzy conceptual clustering, and ontology generation. As such, the supporting machine services provided by the proposed system will potentially improve customer satisfaction in terms of reducing machine down time and increasing productivity. In this paper, an experiment has also been conducted for performance evaluation. The experimental result shows that the proposed approach has attained good performance in terms of both accuracy and efficiency when the queries are associated with appropriate membership values, and a suitable confident threshold is set.
Tukeyʼs Control Chart (2004)

This article presents the idea of Tukey's Control Chart, a method of analyzing data based on the concepts developed by John Tukey for calculation of confidence intervals for medians. The procedure is simple to implement (no need to calculate averages or standard deviations); it does not assume any distribution of the data; it can be applied to small data sets; and it is robust and not affected by occasional unusual observations (outliers). The article provides examples of the application of Tukey's Control Chart to both patients' lifestyle management and business process improvement.
An alternative tactic to deal with the contingency of driver absenteeism (2008)

Abstract On any given workday, unexpected absence of drivers calls for emergency operational tactics to ensure completion of planned deliveries of merchandise to customers. A typical tactic in the workforce scheduling literature is to rely exclusively on a pool of workers who were not scheduled for work; that is, full-time off-duty drivers and part-time drivers. Concerns about the expense of maintaining a staff of part-timers prompt consideration of alternative tactics. This study proposes one such alternative. It minimizes the part-time pool by reassigning routes among drivers who show for work. In multi-route vehicle routing problems, the prospect of this alternative arises because cost-minimizing patterns of travel distances across routes often allow one driver to do extra work by handling more than one route (subject to time-window and workload constraints). By considering costs such as overtime rates when drivers perform extra (emergency) driving duties and the cost to maintain part-time staff, this study tests the efficacy of the aforementioned alternative. Its efficacy is confirmed by the fact that it is less costly than the typical tactic: while the typical tactic adds just over 22% to driver payroll, the proposed alternative adds a noticeably smaller cost of just under 15%.
A highly manufacturable, low-thermal budget, void and seam free pre-metal-dielectric process using new SOG for beyond 60nm DRAM and other devices (2002)

New PMD (Pre-Metal Dielectric) process by employing polysilazane based inorganic SOG (spin-on-glass) is suggested for future VLSI devices. Compared with conventional SOG materials, the film made from new SOG has higher wet etch resistance, which is critical in achieving deformation-free contact profile. Additional advantages of using this new SOG process are excellent gap-fill capability upto an aspect ratio (A/R) of 20 and lower thermal budget than BPSG reflow process. Neither detrimental effect of new SOG PMD process on electrical characteristics nor device performance such as refresh characteristic, compared to HDPCVD SiO/sub 2/ was observed, indicating this is a PMD process of choice for the future devices.
Chemical deposition of ordered conducting polypyrrole films on modified inorganic substrates (1997)

In-situ deposition of conducting polypyrrole thin films on an insulating substrate has been achieved by chemical polymerization of pyrrole on a modified surface. The surface modification agent was a silane compound bearing a pyrrole group; C 4 H 4 NC 3 H 6 Si(OMe) 3 which attached to the SiO 2 -Si surface via molecular self-assembly. A monolayer of silane-bearing pyrrole molecules was formed on the surface. Polymer films formed on the silane-modified surfaces showed better adhesion compared to those on the unmodified surfaces. IR, UV–VIS–NIR and XPS data revealed that the films were in their conducting state and homogeneously doped. The thickness and conductivity of the resulting films were controlled by the preparation conditions, such as choice of solvent, deposition time and pyrrole to oxidant ratio. Polypyrrole films with thickness in the range 410–5500 Å adhered firmly on the surface. The room-temperature conductivity of the films can be up to 1.6 S cm -1 . Some of the polypyrrole films showed anisotropic conductivity which indicates that the pyrrole molecules on the surface induced regular deposition of polypyrrole chains on the substrate.
Ion exchange resins as catalysts in the decomposition of sarin (1958)

Abstract The hydrolysis rate of the nerve gas Sarin in aqueous solution may be accelerated by strongly acidic and strongly basic ion exchange resins. Basic resins are more effective than acid resins. Depending on the resin type and internal structure, a diffusional process or the chemical reaction may be rate determining. In distilled water, cationic resins behave as true catalysts, whereas the products of decomposition of Sarin destroy the effectiveness of anion resins. Dissolved salts in the water lower the useful life of both types of resins by replacement of the active hydrogen or hydroxyl groups.