gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Image Analysis for Real-Time Process Monitoring (1997)

In today’s technically advanced society the collection and study of digital images has become an important aspect of various off-line applications that range from medical diagnosis to exploring the Martian surface for traces of water. Various industries have recently started moving towards vision based systems to monitor several of their manufacturing processes. Except for some simple on-line applications, these systems are primarily used to analyze the digital images off-line. This thesis is concerned with developing a more powerful on-line digital image analysis technique which links the fields of traditional digital image processing with a recently devised statistically based image analysis method called multivariate image analysis (MIA). The first part of the thesis introduces the area of traditional digital image processing techniques through a brief literature review of three of its five main classes (image enhancement, restoration, analysis, compression, & synthesis) which contain most of the commonly used operations in this area. This introduction is intended as a starting point for readers who have little background in this field, and as a means of providing sufficient details on these techniques so that they can be used in conjunction with other advanced MIA on-line monitoring operations. MIA of multispectral digital images using latent variable statistical methods (Multi-Way PCA / PLS) is the main topic covered by the second part of this thesis. After reviewing the basic theory of feature extraction using MIA for off-line analyses, a new technique is introduced that extends these ideas for image analyses in on-line applications. Instead of directly using the updated images themselves to monitor a time- varying process, this new technique uses the latent variable space of the image to monitor the increase or decline in the number of pixels belonging to various features of interest. The ability to switch between the images and their latent variable space then allows the user to determine the exact spatial locations of any features of interest. This new method is shown to be ideal for monitoring interesting features from time-varying processes equipped with multispectral sensors. It forms a basis for future on-line industrial process monitoring schemes in those industries that are moving towards automatic vision systems using multispectral digital imagery.
Effect of surfactant on the solution properties of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of surfactant on the solution properties of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamideS. Biggs, J. Selb, and F. CandauCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 3, 838–847Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00039a018https://doi.org/10.1021/la00039a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1099Altmetric-Citations172LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantum-Confined ZnO Nanoshell Photoanodes for Mesoscopic Solar Cells (2014)

We present a photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) based on ZnO nanoshell deposited by atomic layer deposition at 150 °C on a mesoporous insulating template. An ultrathin layer of ZnO between 3 and 6 nm, which exhibits quantum confinement effect, is found to be sufficient to transport the photogenerated electrons to the external contacts and exhibits near-unity collection efficiency. A 6 nm ZnO nanoshell on a 2.5 μm mesoporous nanoparticle Al2O3 template yields photovoltaic power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.2% in liquid DSC. Perovskite absorber (CH3NH3PbI3) based solid state solar cells made with similar ZnO nanostructures lead to a high PCE of 7%.
Four multi probing test for 16 bit DAC with vertical contact probe card (2002)

Assuring full electrical performance of known good die is a continuous issue for semiconductor manufacturers. On the other hand, reducing test costs is also a constant issue for semiconductor manufacturers. This paper describes a method to satisfy both needs on a mixed-signal device by multi-die probing. 4-die probing for 16 bit /spl Delta/ /spl Sigma/ DAC was attempted using the HP9490 mixed-signal LSI test system and a vertical contact probe card. A comparison of analog characteristics between wafer probing and final test, yield, and test throughput is discussed.
Transferrin-Modified c[RGDfK]-Paclitaxel Loaded Hybrid Micelle for Sequential Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration and Glioma Targeting Therapy (2012)

The effective chemotherapy for glioblastoma multiform (GBM) requires a nanomedicine that can both penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target the glioma cells subsequently. In this study, Transferrin (Tf) modified cyclo-[Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Lys] (c[RGDfK])-paclitaxel conjugate (RP) loaded micelle (TRPM) was prepared and evaluated for its targeting efficiency, antiglioma activity, and toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Tf modification significantly enhanced the cellular uptake of TRPM by primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) to 2.4-fold of RP loaded micelle (RPM) through Tf receptor mediated endocytosis, resulting in a high drug accumulation in the brain after intravenous injection.The c[RGDfK] modified paclitaxel (PTX) was released from micelle subsequently and targeted to integrin overexpressed glioma cells in vitro, and showed significantly prolonged retention in glioma tumor and peritumoral tissue. Most importantly, TRPM exhibited the strongest antiglioma activity, as the mean survival time of mice bearing intracranial U-87 MG glioma treated with TRPM (42.8 days) was significantly longer than those treated with Tf modified PTX loaded micelle (TPM) (39.5 days), PTX loaded micelle (PM) (34.8 days), Taxol (33.6 days), and saline (34.5 days). Noteworthy, TRPM did not lead to body weight loss compared with saline and was less toxic than TPM. These results indicated that TRPM could be a promising nanomedicine for glioma chemotherapy.
Proton recoil detector of fusion neutrons using natural diamond (1997)

Diamond, with its high radiation damage resistance, is an attractive alternative to silicon for neutron measurements in next step fusion experiments. A 200-μm-thick type IIa natural diamond with Ti/Au contacts was tested at the LAMPF-WNR facility by time-of-flight neutron energy identification. The crystal, having a carrier lifetime of up to 1 ns, was arranged in a low-energy-resolution, high-sensitivity proton recoil telescope consisting of a polyethylene radiator and a low-energy-proton Teflon filter. This arrangement is similar to the triton burnup monitor of Croft et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 1418 (1993)], where a silicon photodiode was used as a recoil proton detector. The observed sensitivity for 14 MeV neutrons (DT) is (1.25±0.15)×10−3 counts/neutron. However, a high contribution of neutron-induced events in the diamond, mainly carbon (A=12) recoils, was observed. A one-dimensional calculation for the detector response to carbon recoil and proton deposition is compared to the measurements. Poor energy resolution of the diamond detector precludes pulse height discrimination between direct 2.5 MeV neutrons events and proton events corresponding to 14 MeV neutrons. Therefore, an overall DT/DD neutron sensitivity ratio of only ∼6.5 is achieved. This value is much lower than the ratio of 540 reported by Croft et al. in their silicon (A=28) monitor.
Ensemble Classification System for Scientific Chart Recognition from PDF Files (2012)

Portable Document Format (PDF) is the most frequently used universal document format on the Internet and E-Publishing. Wide usage of PDF files has increased the need of conversion tools that convert PDF file content to text or HTML formats. A PDF converter can be categorized into two domains, namely, text recognition and graphics recognition. This paper focus on graphic recognition, especially chart type identification, which is concerned with developing algorithms that has the ability to determine the type of a given chart image from a PDF file. In the proposed system, initially an enhanced connected component and statistical feature based method is used to separate the chart region from other regions. The chart region is then analyzed and grouped as either 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional chart. After separating the graphic component from the text components, feature extraction is performed. The features can be grouped as object features, texture features and shape features. The combined feature vector is then classified using ensemble classification system. Experimental results show that the chart separation, feature extraction and ensemble classification models significantly improve the quality of chart identification.
Features and outcome of galactokinase deficiency in children diagnosed by newborn screening (2011)

Abstract Galactokinase deficiency (GALK‐D), an autosomal recessive disorder in the Leloir pathway, results in accumulation of galactose, galactitol, and galactonate and leads to early onset of juvenile bilateral cataract. Highest incidence of GALK‐D is found in Romani populations. The migration wave due to the Yugoslavian civil war has changed the spectrum of inborn errors of metabolism within Europe. Hence, newborn screening (NBS) in the Berlin region, performed from 1991 until 2010 in 683,675 neonates, revealed an increased incidence of GALK‐D of 1:40,000, comparable to that of galactose‐1‐phosphate‐uridyltransferase deficiency. A total of 44% of GALK‐D patients were of Romani origin. All patients of Bosnian or Serbian origin were homozygous for the Romani founder mutation p.P28T. Detection of GALK‐D by NBS and early start of galactose‐restricted diet resulted in regression or prevention of cataracts. Slight cataracts without visual impairment occurred in 50% of the patients, 56% of whom were noncompliant. Further clinical symptoms, e.g., hypoglycemia, mental retardation, microcephaly, and failure to thrive, were associated with noncompliance. With treatment, galactose in blood decreased from 8,892 ± 5,243 to 36.5 ± 49.3 μmol/l, galactose in urine from 31,820 ± 32,103 to 30.0 ± 36.1 μmol/mmol creatinine, galactitol in RBC from 1,584 ± 584 to 12.3 ± 9.4 μmol/l, and galactitol in urine from 11,724 ± 4,496 to 236 ± 116 μmol/mmol creatinine. This is the first presentation of outcome and clinical features in GALK‐D patients diagnosed by NBS. As our data suggest, GALK‐D should be considered for inclusion in NBS in populations expected to have substantial numbers of GALK‐D carriers, e.g., Yugoslavian immigrants.
Amyloid beta-protein activates tachykinin receptors and inositol trisphosphate accumulation by synergy with glutamate. (1993)

The biological function of the soluble form of the amyloid beta-protein (ABP) was examined by assaying its interaction with neuronal receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. ABP weakly activated tachykinin receptors, but in the presence of N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4- propionate-type glutamate receptors ABP-induced responses were greatly enhanced. Glutamate and ABP together also induced accumulation of inositol trisphosphate and increases in intracellular Ca2+. These observations suggest that in the presence of glutamate, ABP can activate tachykinin receptors and phosphatidylinositol turnover. ABP may therefore act as a neuromodulatory peptide.
Size-Dependent Spectroscopic Properties of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles (2006)

This paper is focused on how the spectroscopic properties of conjugated polymers evolve in the size range between single polymer chains and the bulk material. The measurements used single-particle spectroscopy techniques and include both static and dynamic measurements. The main observation of this work is that the spectroscopic properties of MEH-PPV evolve rapidly as a function of nanoparticle size and achieve bulk-like properties for nanoparticles greater than 10 nm in size. Nanoparticles were assembled by a reprecipitation technique and characterized by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The physical origin of the size-dependent spectroscopic properties is assigned to the distance dependence of four main processes: electronic energy transfer between blue and red sites, triplet-triplet annihilation, singlet exciton quenching by triplets, and singlet exciton quenching by hole polarons.
Effect of the conformation and orientation of adsorbed fibronectin on endothelial cell spreading and the strength of adhesion (1993)

The effect of surface hydrophobicity upon the conformation of the cell binding domain of fibronectin (Fn) and the influence of Fn conformation on bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) adhesion were examined. The free sulfhydryl group of Fn located near the cell binding domain was selectively labeled with acrylodan, a polarity sensitive fluor. Fluorescence emission was monitored in solution and upon adsorption to hydrophilic glass and hydrophobic silanized glass. The acrylodan-labeled Fn emission maximum shifted to longer wavelengths upon adsorption and the shift was greater for acrylodan-labeled Fn adsorbed to hydrophilic glass than hydrophobic silane, suggesting that the acrylodan was in a more solvent accessible environment on glass than silane. BAEC, suspended in serum-free medium, attached for 15 or 120 min onto glass or silane surfaces containing preadsorbed Fn, after which cell spreading and the strength of adhesion in a parallel plate flow chamber were measured. Cell spreading was similar on both surfaces after 15 min attachment, but BAECs were more spread on glass than silane after 120 min. At low surface concentrations of Fn, BAECs were more adherent on glass than silane. At higher surfaces concentrations, adhesion was similar. After a 2-h incubation in serum-free medium, cells on glass showed more extensive development of focal contacts as determined by immunofluorescent staining for vinculin. Cell adhesion under flow was reduced on silane by inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide, suggesting that cell attachment to silane was promoted by cellular synthesis of Fn. The results indicate that changes in the conformation of the Fn cell binding domain affect Fn affinity for its cell surface receptor.
Sonochemical Preparation of Bimetallic Nanoparticles of Gold/Palladium in Aqueous Solution (1997)

Colloidal dispersions of bimetallic nanoparticles composed of gold and palladium were prepared by a sonochemical method, in which Au(III) and Pd(II) ions in an aqueous solution of sodium tetrachloroaurate(III)dihydrate and sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) were reduced by ultrasound irradiation in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In addition to the stabilizing effect, SDS remarkably enhanced the reduction rate, probably due to the thermal decomposition that occurs at the interfacial region between cavitation bubbles and bulk solution and provides reducing radicals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photographs showed spherical particles whose size had a fairly narrow distribution with a geometric mean diameter about 8 nm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.1. Analyses with UV−vis spectra indicated that Au(III) ions were first reduced and after their consumption reduction of Pd(II) ions set in. A core−shell structure of the particles, a core of gold and a shell of palladium, was confirmed by high-resolution TEM and X-ray diffraction.
Repetitive levosimendan treatment in the management of advanced heart failure (2018)

Inotropes may be an appropriate treatment for patients with advanced heart failure (AdHF) who remain highly symptomatic despite optimized standard therapies. Objectives for inotrope use in these situations include relief of symptoms and improvement of quality of life, and reduction in unplanned hospitalizations and the costs associated with such episodes. All of these goals must be attained without compromising survival. Encouraging findings with intermittent cycles of intravenous levosimendan have emerged from a range of exploratory studies and from three larger controlled trials (LevoRep, LION-HEART, and LAICA) which offered some evidence of clinical advantage. In these settings, however, obtaining statistically robust data may prove elusive due to the difficulties of endpoint assessment in a complex medical condition with varying presentation and trajectory. Adoption of a composite clinical endpoint evaluated in a hierarchical manner may offer a workable solution to this problem. Such an instrument can explore the proposition that repetitive administration of levosimendan early in the period after discharge from an acute episode of worsening heart failure may be associated with greater subsequent clinical stability vis-à-vis standard therapy. The use of this methodology to develop a 'stability score' for each patient means that all participants in such a trial contribute to the overall outcome analysis through one or more of the hierarchical endpoints; this has helpful practical implications for the number of patients needed and the length of follow-up required to generate endpoint data. The LeoDOR study (NCT03437226), outlined in this review, has been designed to explore this new approach to outcome assessment in AdHF.
Microwave Diagnostics of Laser-Induced Small-volume Plasma (2006)

*† ‡ This work presents the preliminary results of an ongoing study of microwave scattering from a laser-induced, small-volume plasma in room air. Microwave scattering from the precursor and after-spark evolution reveal the dynamic characteristics of the laser spark formation, growth and decay. In particular, the avalanche ionization phase is detected by microwave scattering in the precursor part, during and shortly after the laser pulse. A simplified model of the microwave scattering from this early stage of laser breakdown is presented and shown to qualitatively fit the experimental results. Subsequent features of the microwave signal provide further insight into the after-spark evolution and are still under study. This work also discusses the possibilities and limitations of measuring the local electron number density by laser breakdown enhanced microwave scattering.
Synthesis of Reactive Distillation Systems with Multiple Equilibrium Chemical Reactions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Reactive Distillation Systems with Multiple Equilibrium Chemical ReactionsSophie Ung and Michael F. DohertyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 8, 2555–2565Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00047a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views619Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Improved Sternal Fixation in the Correction of Pediatric Pectus Excavatum (1994)

Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital chest wall deformity; it is manifest by abnormal costal cartilage segments causing sternal depression and rotation. The most popular repair involves resection of the abnormal costal cartilage segments, followed by sternal osteotomy and fixation to the adjacent chest wall. Methods of sternal fixation have included metal bars and struts, K-wires, pins, sutures, synthetic mesh, vascularized rib struts, and large AO plates, but they have not included more recent rigid fixation technology. Current rigid fixation techniques allow incorporation of malleable, low-profile reconstruction plates that can be contoured to correct the three-dimensional aspect of these defects. Three pediatric patients are presented in whom plate fixation was utilized for sternal fixation. Current reconstruction plate technology provides an improved fixation alternative for the correction of congenital chest wall anomalies, as well as offering similar potential advantages for traumatic, oncologic, and reconstructive surgery of the thorax.
Three-Dimensional Nanoengineered Assemblies (2003)

Advances in nanoscale materials processing are taking place at a rapid pace via myriad paths, including lithography, production of nanoparticle assemblies, surface manipulation and many others. Several of the new techniques create structures that are three-dimensional or quasi three-dimensional. Even smaller structures intended to be two-dimensional have a more" three-dimensional geometry as their two-dimensional feature size and layer thickness become similar. The properties of these denser assemblies are driving different applications in electronics (single electron devices), optics (photonic crystals and switches) and elsewhere. Since insights from one area of research can be crucial to the developments and advances in other areas, the symposium on "Three-Dimensional Nanoengineered Assemblies" provided the venue for a productive scientific and technical exchange. - - Symposium H, "Three-Dimensional Nanoengineered Assemblies," held December 1-5 at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, brought together researchers from a wide range of fields. The symposium included much work that was "not quite truly 3D" and "3D but not quite on the nanoscale," and the conference topic was not focused in a particular area of research, but on a goal that is being pursued by many groups approaching from diverse directions. The result was a symposium in which common overarching themes emerged from presentations in widely separated research areas. More than 100 abstracts were submitted and there were 29 invited talks covering work that spanned a remarkable number of topics. The symposium was generally well attended and there was good feedback about the overall quality of the presentations. The symposium addressed fundamental studies, technological advances and novel approaches to developing and processing three-dimensional nanoscale assemblies.