gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time studies of mark formation processes in phase-change and magneto-optical media using a two-laser tester. (2001)

We have equipped a commercial polarized-light microscope with two laser diodes operating at 643 nm and 680 nm. The two laser beams are focused simultaneously and coincidentally on the sample through the microscope objective lens. We use one of the lasers in the pulsed mode to write marks on the sample, and the other laser in a low-power cw mode to monitor the changes in reflectivity and/or the state of polarization upon reflection from the sample. The system has a liquid crystal wave-plate for adjusting the optical phase-shifts, an electro-magnet, a hot plate, a computerized XY-stage, two polarizing beam-splitters, and both single-ended and differential detection modules for each of the laser wavelengths.The dynamics of phase-transition (i.e., melting, crystallization, and amorphization upon rapid cooling from melt in the case of PC media, and ferrimagnetic-to-paramagnetic in the case of MO media) are readily observed in the 160 MHz-bandwidth signal picked up by the detectors. Similarly, changes in the magnetic state of the MO media under a focused spot (whether due to the change of temperature or caused by magnetization reversal), are monitored in real-time.We describe the dynamics of phase transformation in PC media as well as the observed behavior of magnetization of the MO media within the region of the hot spot. These observations are made over periods ranging from 30 ns up to several microseconds, with a resolution of only a few nanoseconds. We also outline the methods of extracting from the observed data the physical parameters of the media such as the specific heat, thermal conductivity, temperature-dependence of the optical constants, and the probabilities of nucleation and growth.
Self-assembled micelles of a multi-functional amphiphilic fusion (MFAF) peptide for targeted cancer therapy (2015)

A new MFAF peptide was designed and prepared. The micelles of this MFAF peptide can efficiently use their tumor-targeting, membrane-penetrating and endosome-escaping functions to deliver the drug into targeted tumor cells, leading to the apoptosis of tumor cells.
Hydrocarbon precombusting catalyst survey and optimization for perfluorocarbon tracer analysis in subsurface tracer applications (1989)

The extension of the perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) technology, as developed for atmospheric dispersion and transport studies to petroleum reservoir characterization studies, required the development of a more robust catalyst to remove analysis interferents caused by the adsorption of 5 liter hydrocarbon reservoir gas samples containing PFT onto carbonaceous adsorbent samplers. Two approaches were studied: (1) replacement of the present internal laboratory PFT analysis system catalyst with a more effective catalyst and, if this was not viable, (2) development of an external preprocessing catalyst train, to significantly reduce the hydrocarbon levels in the sample, without affecting the perfluorocarbon tracers. 13 figs., 13 tabs.
The Nitration of Cyclic Ketones with Alkyl Nitrates<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Nitration of Cyclic Ketones with Alkyl Nitrates1Henry Feuer, James W. Shepherd, and Christos SavidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 17, 4364–4367Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01598a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01598a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views681Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase inhibiting antibody titer in serum: Relation to disease progression and to core‐antibody levels (1992)

A new assay for detecting inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity (the RT-i REA) was developed. This assay was standardized for screening serum samples for reverse transcriptase inhibiting antibodies (RT-iAb). High specificity (100%) and sensitivity (greater than 98%) were achieved with samples from HIV-negative individuals and HIV-infected individuals. The RT-i REA was also used in a study of the titers of RT-iAb in serum samples obtained from 33 HIV-infected homosexual men. The results confirmed the relation between decreasing RT-iAb levels and progression to late stages of the disease. Furthermore, a falling RT-iAb titer was observed in 14 of 15 individuals experiencing periods of severe clinical symptoms attributed to HIV-activity. In 7 of the patients the decline in RT-iAb titer began prior to severe clinical symptoms. The fall in RT-iAb titer also correlated with a reduction in core Ab level. The core Ab level has previously been reported to be a disease progression marker with considerable prognostic value. However, whereas all patients were positive for RT-iAb, 8 of the 33 patients did not have detectable core Ab. The use of RT-iAb titer as a marker of disease progression is discussed.
B cells as therapeutic targets for rheumatic diseases (2004)

Several therapeutic agents targeting B cells have now been tested or are being tested in human trials. The success of rituximab in a well-controlled trial confirms previous preliminary reports indicating that B cell depletion can treat established autoimmune disease.
Affinity Column Purification of Protocollagen Proline Hydroxylase from Chick Embryos and Further Characterization of the Enzyme (1973)

Abstract An affinity column procedure was devised for the purification of protocollagen proline hydroxylase, the enzyme which synthesizes the hydroxyproline in collagen by hydroxylating peptidyl proline. The procedure involved linking a peptide substrate with a high affinity for the enzyme to agarose and then specifically eluting the enzyme from the agarose with a high concentration of a second peptide substrate of lower affinity. The second substrate was then separated from the enzyme by gel filtration. The isolated enzyme was homogeneous by gel filtration, by ultracentrifugation of the enzyme in the native and dissociated state, and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the native and dissociated state. Also, the enzyme had a considerably higher specific activity than enzyme isolated from the same source with other procedures. The enzyme was shown to be a tetramer which has a molecular weight of about 230,000 and is composed of two different types of subunits. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated that the molecular weights of the two types of subunits were 60,000 and 64,000. Ultracentrifugation of the enzyme in guanidine hydrochloride and mercaptoethanol indicated that the molecular weight for the 2 subunits was 62,000. The enzyme was dissociated into both monomers and dimers by either dithiothreitol or mercaptoethanol, indicating that the structural integrity of the enzyme is maintained in part by either intrachain or interchain disulfide bonds. The monomers had no enzymatic activity. The isolated enzyme was shown to have no protocollagen lysine hydroxylase activity. All of the hydroxyproline synthesized by the enzyme was shown to be 4-hydroxyproline, and no 3-hydroxyproline activity was detected.
P-glycoprotein (P-170) and CD34 expression in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (1994)

We investigated the prognosis value of CD34 and P-170 expression in blast cells of adult patients affected by de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CD34 antigen was analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) and alkaline phosphatase-labeled streptavidin biotine (AP-LSAB) in 62 patients (median age: 51 years). P-170 expression was determined by AP-LSAB in 51 cases using JSB1 and C219 monoclonal antibodies. All patients were treated with conventional chemotherapy induction regimen. Follow-up was from 6 to 79 months. Complete remission (CR) rate was not statistically different between CD34+ and CD34- patients (67 vs. 84%, p = 0.2). The duration of CR and survival were not influenced by CD34 expression. Karyotype abnormalities were more frequent among MDR+ patients (65 vs. 21%, p < 0.01). CR rate was statistically lower in MDR+ patients as compared to MDR- patients (63 vs. 96%, p = 0.01). Median disease-free survival (DFS) was shorter for MDR+ patients but the difference was not significant (5 vs. 10 months, p = 0.09). Patients who were positive for both parameters CD34 and P-170, had a poor prognosis with a 50 vs. 100% CR rate for CD34/P-170 negative patients, (p = 0.002), a lower median DFS (3 vs. 12 months, p = 0.01) and overall survival (OS) (3 vs. 14.5 months, p = 0.01). Results of cytogenetic analysis did not influence CR rate but the relapse rate was higher, although not significant, for the patients with unfavorable karyotype (63 vs. 33%). The seven CD34+/MDR+ patients with poor prognosis karyotype had a statistically lower CR rate, median DFS and OS than the 7 CD34-/MDR- patients with normal or favorable karyotype (CR: 29% vs. 100%, p = 0.02), (DFS: 3 vs. > 12 months, p = 0.01), (OS: 4 vs. > 12 months, p = 0.02). Our data indicate that P-170 but not CD34 expression is predictive for a lower CR rate. The identification of a bad prognosis subgroup of CD34+/MDR+ AML patients (and especially those with poor prognosis karyotype) has to be confirmed on larger series using uniform methodology.
MINIMUM ENTROPY DECONVOLUTION WITH AN EXPONENTIAL TRANSFORMATION* (1979)

A bstract The Minimum Entropy Deconvolution (MED) technique of Wiggins (1977) represents a breakthrough in deconvolution and will undoubtedly find wide application in many fields. MED does not require any phase assumptions about the disturbing function and seeks a deconvolved output which consists of the smallest number of large spikes consistent with the input data. The efficiency of MED is much improved when an exponential transformation is incorporated into the algorithm. This is particularly true when the input traces contain additive noise. In this case the noise suppression characteristics of MED are considerably enhanced by the transformation and the identification of smaller spikes is improved. This paper also presents a kurtosis criterion of simplicity rather than the varimax norm introduced by Wiggins. It appears that for a multiple trace input the kurtosis measure leads to improved results.
A Distributed Access Control System for Cloud Federations (2017)

Cloud federations are a new collaboration paradigm where organizations share data across their private cloud infrastructures. However, the adoption of cloud federations is hindered by federated organizations' concerns on potential risks of data leakage and data misuse. For cloud federations to be viable, federated organizations' privacy concerns should be alleviated by providing mechanisms that allow organizations to control which users from other federated organizations can access which data. We propose a novel identity and access management system for cloud federations. The system allows federated organizations to enforce attribute-based access control policies on their data in a privacy-preserving fashion. Users are granted access to federated data when their identity attributes match the policies, but without revealing their attributes to the federated organization owning data. The system also guarantees the integrity of the policy evaluation process by using block chain technology and Intel SGX trusted hardware. It uses block chain to ensure that users identity attributes and access control policies cannot be modified by a malicious user, while Intel SGX protects the integrity and confidentiality of the policy enforcement process. We present the access control protocol, the system architecture and discuss future extensions.
Analysis of therapeutic proteins and peptides using multiangle light scattering coupled to ultra high performance liquid chromatography (2015)

Analysis of the physical properties of biotherapeutic proteins is crucial throughout all the stages of their lifecycle. Herein, we used size-exclusion ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to multiangle light scattering and refractive index detection systems to determine the molar mass, mass-average molar mass, molar-mass dispersity and hydrodynamic radius of two monoclonal antibodies (rituximab and trastuzumab), a fusion protein (etanercept), and a synthetic copolymer (glatiramer acetate) employed as models. A customized instrument configuration was set to diminish band-broadening effects and enhance sensitivity throughout detectors. The customized configuration showed a performance improvement with respect to the high-performance liquid chromatography standard configuration, as observed by a 3 h column conditioning and a higher resolution analysis in 20 min. Analysis of the two monoclonal antibodies showed averaged values of 148.0 kDa for mass-average molar mass and 5.4 nm for hydrodynamic radius, whereas for etanercept these values were 124.2 kDa and 6.9 nm, respectively. Molar-mass dispersity was 1.000 on average for these proteins. Regarding glatiramer acetate, a molar mass range from 3 to 45 kDa and a molar-mass dispersity of 1.304 were consistent with its intrinsic peptide diversity, and its mass-average molar mass was 10.4 kDa. Overall, this method demonstrated an accurate determination of molar mass, overcoming the difficulties of size-exclusion chromatography.
Active Antiviral T-Lymphocyte Response Can Be Redirected against Tumor Cells by Antitumor Antibody × MHC/Viral Peptide Conjugates (2006)

The results show that a physiologic T-cell antiviral response in immunocompetent mice can be redirected against tumor cells by the use of antitumor antibody x MHC/viral peptide conjugates.
CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING (2005)

Tissue engineering is a new approach for articular cartilage repair. The aim of the present article was to review the current status of cartilage tissue engineering researches. The scaffold materials used for cartilage tissue engineering, the in vitro, in vivo studies and the clinical trials were all reviewed. Our researches about in vitro cartilage tissue engineering with new type bioactive scaffold and preliminary animal studies results will also be described. The scaffold was tricopolymer made from gelatin, hyaluronan and chondroitin. Chondrocytes seeded in tricopolymer showed in vitro engineered cartilage formation. The engineered cartilage constructs were implanted into knee joints of miniature pigs for animal study.
Bioinorganic activity of technetium radiopharmaceuticals (1985)

Use of technetium radiopharmaceuticals in imaging the thyroid, brain, kidney, liver, bone, and heart. From the "State of the Art Symposium: Bioinorganic Chemistry", held at the ACS meeting, Miami, 1985.
Towards improved prediction accuracy in JPEG-LS (2002)

Among a context of three pixels, the present JPEG-LS produces predicted values based on whether a vertical edge or a horizontal edge is detected. When a diagonal edge exists, however, experiments and observation reveal that such a prediction will generate large predictive errors. By applying the triangle inequality to the analysis of predictive templates in JPEG-LS, we propose a diagonal-edge detection scheme to reduce the predictive error and hence provide an improvement on the prediction accuracy. Experiments are carried out to test the proposed scheme for a group of sample images. In comparison with the current JPEG-LS prediction, our scheme produces lower prediction errors, in terms of both MSE measurement and visual comparison of error images.
LIE'S THEOREMS FOR GENERALISED TRANSLATION OPERATORS (1961)

CONTENTSIntroduction § 1. The group ring § 2. A generalisation of the group ring and generalised translation operators § 3. Definition of infinitesimal operators and Lie's first theorem for generalised translation operators § 4. Lie's second and third theorems for generalised translation operators. The case of first-order infinitesimal operators § 5. Lie's second and third theorems for generalised translation operators. The case of second-order operators § 6. The converse of Lie's first theorem for generalised translation operators § 7. A description of the class § 8. The converse of Lie's second theorem for generalised translation operators § 9. The converse of Lie's third theorem for generalised translation operators § 10. The construction of the operators , which commute with the operators § 11. Canonical operators § 12. Transformation operators § 13. Some questions of convergence § 14. Finite-dimensional subspaces invariant under infinitesimal operators (an analogue of representation theory for generalised translation operators) § 15. ExamplesReferences
Linewidth of InP-based 1.55 µm VCSELs with buried tunnel junction (2003)

Spectral linewidth measurements of 1.55 µm InGaAlAs/InP vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) employing a buried tunnel junction are reported. A narrow linewidth around 28 MHz was obtained at a power level of 0.5 mW using the self-heterodyne method, and an estimation for the linewidth enhancement factor is given.
Prediction of the Removal Efficiency of a Novel Two‐Stage Hybrid Scrubber for Flue Gas Desulfurization (2006)

Abstract Emission of SO 2 from various industrial sources occurs in varying concentrations and quantities. The operation of scrubbers as SO 2 control devices is getting more and more attention as pollution control regulations are tightened. Experimental investigations on the scrubbing of SO 2 in a novel two‐stage hybrid (spray‐cum‐bubble column) scrubber using water and dilute sodium alkali are reported. Empirical and semi‐empirical correlations are developed for the prediction of the performances of the bubble and the spray sections in terms of various pertinent variables of the system for water and alkaline scrubbing, respectively. The contribution of the mass transfer enhancement factor towards the removal of SO 2 has been exploited while developing the semi‐empirical correlation for the prediction of performance in alkaline scrubbing. The predicted values are in excellent agreement with the experimental values. Finally, the operating features of the scrubber and design aspects are discussed in order to develop our understanding for practical applications.
Generation of Functional Neural Artificial Tissue from Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells (2009)

Stem cell-based regenerative neurology is an emerging concept for treatment of diseases of central nervous system. Among variety of proposed procedures, one of the most promising is refilling of cystic cavities of injured brain parenchyma with artificial neural tissue. Recent studies revealed that after allogenic transplantation in rodents these tissue-engineered entities were shown efficient in repair of hypoxic/ischemic brain injury. Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) was recognized to be an efficient and noncontroversial source of neural stem cells (NSC). The main purpose of this study was to generate HUCB-derived neural artificial tissue and investigate their functional properties. Neural organoids formed on human-originated biodegradable scaffolds within 3 weeks and resembled niche structure where immature stem cells (Oct4+ and Sox2+) and proliferating neuroblasts (Nestin+, GFAP+, and Ki67+) were present. Such aggregates were placed on multi-electrode chips and differentiated toward mature neurons (TUJ1+ and MAP2+). These three-dimensional aggregates in contrast to two-dimensional cultures formed functional circuits and generated spontaneous field/action potentials. Our results indicate that three-dimensional environment facilitates maturation of HUCB-derived NSC what should be considered regarding regenerative medicine application.
Chemoprevention of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced rat oral carcinogenesis by the dietary flavonoids chalcone, 2-hydroxychalcone, and quercetin. (1996)

The modifying effects of dietary exposure of three flavonoids, chalcone, 2-hydroxychalcone, and quercetin, during the initiation and postinitiation phases of oral tumorigenesis initiated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) were investigated in male F344 rats. At 6 weeks of age, animals were divided into experimental and control groups. At 7 weeks of age, all animals except those treated with test chemicals alone and the untreated control group were given 4-NQO [20 parts/million (ppm)] in the drinking water for 8 weeks to induce oral neoplasms. For chemopreventive study by feeding of test compounds during the initiation phase, groups of animals were given diets containing 500 ppm chalcone, 500 ppm 2-hydroxychalcone, or 500 ppm quercetin for 10 weeks, starting 1 week before 4-NQO exposure. Seven days after stopping 4-NQO exposure, these groups were switched to the basal diet and kept on this diet until the end of the experiment. For chemopreventive study by treatment with test chemicals during the postinitiation phase, starting 1 week after the cessation of 4-NQO administration, the groups given 4-NQO and the basal diet were switched to the diets mixed with test chemicals and maintained on these diets for 22 weeks. The other groups consisted of rats fed diets containing 500 ppm test chemicals alone or of untreated rats. Thirty-two weeks after the start of the study, the incidence of tongue neoplasms and preneoplastic lesions, polyamine levels in the tongue epithelium, and cell proliferation activity estimated by bromodeoxyuridine labeling index were compared among the different dietary groups. Feeding of all test chemicals during either initiation or postinitiation phases caused a significant reduction in the frequency of tongue carcinoma (68-88% reduction; P < 0.05). Dietary administration of these test chemicals also significantly decreased the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index of the tongue squamous epithelium (P < 0.05). In addition, polyamine levels in the oral mucosa were lowered in rats treated with 4-NQO and test chemicals when compared to those given 4-NQO alone. These results indicate that the flavonoids chalcone, 2-hydroxychalcone, and quercetin present in our daily foods have an inhibitory effect on oral carcinogenesis initiated with 4-NQO, and such a modifying effect may be related partly to the suppression of cell proliferation.