gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequences upstream of the STE6 gene required for its expression and regulation by the mating type locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1986)

The STE6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an a-specific gene; it is repressed in alpha cells by the alpha 2 product of the mating type locus. To study the role of sequences upstream of STE6 in its regulation and expression, we have determined the DNA sequence of the promoter region, identified the start sites for the STE6 transcript, and identified sequences governing its transcription. Deletions that remove DNA upstream of the STE6 gene were produced and assayed for effects on regulation and expression. The deletions defined two intervals upstream of the STE6 transcription initiation sites. One contains all or part of a negative element; the other contains all or part of a positive element. The negative element is required for repression of STE6 by alpha 2: deletions lacking this element express STE6 constitutively. Such deletions remove a 31-base-pair site, located 135 base pairs upstream of the first transcript start site, that is highly homologous to sites present in the upstream regions of four other genes repressed by alpha 2. These sites are presumably responsible for repression of the a-specific genes by alpha 2. The positive element (a putative upstream activation site) is required for expression of STE6. The deletions define the left boundary of the proposed upstream activation site. Sequence homologies between STE6 and other a-specific genes are found in this region and may mediate activation of this set of genes.
Metallic wafer bonding for the fabrication of long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2002)

A novel metallic bonding method using AuGeNiCr as the bonding medium was developed for the fabrication of long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The metallic bonding process can be performed at a low temperature of 320 °C within 1 h and it does not require chemical-mechanical polishing or etching treatments on the bonding surfaces. As determined by atomic force microscopy, the process can tolerate a surface roughness of ∼10 nm on the surface of bonding samples. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy shows that the bonding interface is smooth and damage-free. Using this bonding technique, a 1.55 μm GaInAsP/InP VCSEL structure with Al-oxide/Si distributed Bragg reflectors was demonstrated on a Si substrate. No degradation was found on the bonded VCSEL structure after annealing at 420 °C. The reflectivity and resonance measured from the bonded VCSEL cavity confirmed the high optical quality provided by this bonding process for device fabrication.
Novel high‐throughput screens of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> odorant receptors reveal candidate behaviour‐modifying chemicals for mosquitoes (2012)

Despite many decades of multilateral global efforts, a significant portion of the world population continues to be plagued with one or more mosquito-vectored diseases. These include malaria and filariasis as well as numerous arboviral-associated illnesses including Dengue and Yellow fevers. The dynamics of disease transmission by mosquitoes is complex, and involves both vector competence and vectorial capacity. One area of intensive effort is the study of chemosensory-driven behaviours in the malaria vector mosquito <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Giles, the modulation of which are likely to provide opportunities for disease reduction. In this context recent studies have characterized a large divergent family of <i>An. gambiae</i> odorant receptors (AgORs) that play critical roles in olfactory signal transduction. This work has facilitated high-throughput, cell-based calcium mobilization screens of AgOR-expressing HEK cells that have identified a large number of conventional AgOR ligands, as well as the first non-conventional Orco (olfactory receptor co-receptor) family agonist. As such, ligand-mediated modulation serves as a proof-of-concept demonstration that AgORs represent viable targets for high-throughput screening and for the eventual development of behaviour-modifying olfactory compounds. Such attractants or repellents could foster malaria reduction programmes.
Concentrations and Distributions of Eleven Metals in Florida Soils (1997)

Abstract Concentrations and distributions of 11 elements—Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Al, and Fe—in 40 Florida soil profiles (94 soil samples) were investigated. The soils were classified as Spodosols, Entisols, and Ultisols, representing major mineral soils in Florida. The geometric mean concentrations of Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Al, and Fe in surface soils (A horizons) were 0.0042, 0.21, 1.1, 3.7, 3.9, 4.1, 6.5, 12, 25, 730, and 820 mg kg −1 , respectively. Metal concentrations in these soils were lower than those of published values of Florida agricultural soils and U.S. soils. Metal contents, excluding Cd and Mn, were strongly correlated with clay content ( r = 0.35–0.77), and some metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, and Al) were correlated with cation exchange capacity ( r = 0.23–0.35). Metal distributions in soils, therefore, reflected parent‐material and pedogenic factors determining clay content variations between and within soil profiles. Generally, metal contents in soils decreased in the order of Ultisols > Entisols ≥ Spodosols and Bt > Bh > A ≥ E horizons. All metals except Cd, Hg, and Mn were concentrated in Bt horizons; As, Cu, Cr, Fe, and Al were enriched in Bh horizons, where clay and organic matter had accumulated.
Concrete Box-Girder Bridges as Sandwich Plates (1970)

A relatively simple, accurate method for the complete determination of internal moments, shears, and deflections in concrete box girder bridges with statically applied external vertical loads has been developed and is described. The method of analysis used is based on the concept of replacing the actual structure by an equivalent uniform plate which models the behavior of the actual structure. The objectives of the study, which are analyzed in detail, are (1) A discussion of the basis and applicability of the analysis of box girder bridges by sandwich plate theory; (2) presentation and solution of the governing equations for the boundary conditions and loadings considered; (3) the development of procedures for computing governing stiffness parameters; and (4) presentation of results derived for a sample structure and comparision of predicted beam bending moments with corresponding quantities measured in a full scale field test bridge.
Swing: Realistic and Responsive Network Traffic Generation (2009)

This paper presents Swing, a closed-loop, network-responsive traffic generator that accurately captures the packet interactions of a range of applications using a simple structural model. Starting from observed traffic at a single point in the network, Swing automatically extracts distributions for user, application, and network behavior. It then generates live traffic corresponding to the underlying models in a network emulation environment running commodity network protocol stacks. We find that the generated traffic is statistically similar to the original traffic. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to reproduce burstiness in traffic across a range of time-scales using a model applicable to a variety of network settings. An initial sensitivity analysis reveals the importance of our individual model parameters to accurately reproduce such burstiness. Finally, we explore Swing's ability to vary user characteristics, application properties, and wide-area network conditions to project traffic characteristics into alternate scenarios.
An integrated microfluidic system for interstitial fluid transdermal extraction (2011)

We present a new microfluidic system for transdermal interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction, collection, and volumetric measurement towards the application of continuous glucose monitoring. This device consists of a venturi tube, a volume sensor, pneumatic valves, and microchannels. Under the management of pneumatic valves, demonstration of the defined volume normal saline injection, ISF extraction, collection and volumetric measurement functions of the system is presented using the stable vacuum generated by the integrated venturi structure. The stability of defined volume normal saline injection is tested, and the coefficient of variation for 20 tests is 0.0041. A simulating test of ISF collection and volumetric measurement is done with the system, and the measurement results correlate well (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> =0.9992) with the values measured by micro syringe.
MR Angiography of Peripheral Arterial Stents: In Vitro Evaluation of 22 Different Stent Types (2010)

Purpose. To evaluate stent lumen visibility of a large sample of different peripheral arterial (iliac, renal, carotid) stents using magnetic resonance angiography in vitro. Materials and Methods. 21 different stents and one stentgraft (10 nitinol, 7 316L, 2 tantalum, 1 cobalt superalloy, 1 PET + cobalt superalloy, and 1 platinum alloy) were examined in a vessel phantom (vessel diameters ranging from 5 to 13 mm) filled with a solution of Gd-DTPA. Stents were imaged at 1.5 Tesla using a T1-weighted 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequence. Image analysis was performed measuring three categories: Signal intensity in the stent lumen, lumen visibility of the stented lumen, and homogeneity of the stented lumen. The results were classified using a 3-point scale (good, intermediate, and poor results). Results. 7 stents showed good MR lumen visibility (4x nitinol, 2x tantalum, and 1x cobalt superalloy). 9 stents showed intermediate results (5x nitinol, 2x 316L, 1x PET + cobalt superalloy, and 1x platinum alloy) and 6 stents showed poor results (1x nitinol, and 5x 316L). Conclusion. Stent lumen visibility varies depending on the stent material and type. Some products show good lumen visibility which may allow the detection of stenoses inside the lumen, while other products cause artifacts which prevent reliable evaluation of the stent lumen with this technique.
Admission Control and Scheduling for High Performance WWW Servers (1997)

In this paper we examine a number of admission control and scheduling protocols for high-performance web servers based on a 2-phase policy for serving HTTP requests. The first "registration" phase involves establishing the TCP connection for the HTTP request and parsing/interpreting its arguments, whereas the second "service" phase involves the service/transmission of data in response to the HTTP request. By introducing a delay between these two phases, we show that the performance of a web server could be potentially improved through the adoption of a number of scheduling policies that optimize the utilization of various system components (e.g. memory cache and I/O). In addition, to its premise for improving the performance of a single web server, the delineation between the registration and service phases of an HTTP request may be useful for load balancing purposes on clusters of web servers. We are investigating the use of such a mechanism as part of the Commonwealth testbed being developed at Boston University.
Selective Nucleation and Discovery of Organic Polymorphs through Epitaxy with Single Crystal Substrates (2001)

Crystallization of 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile (1), previously found to produce six conformational polymorphs from solution, on single-crystal pimelic acid (PA) substrates results in selective and oriented growth of the metastable "YN" (yellow needle) polymorph on the (101)(PA) faces of the substrate. Though the freshly cleaved substrate crystals expose (101)(PA) and (111)(PA) faces, which are both decorated with [101](PA) ledges that could serve as nucleation sites, crystal growth of YN occurs on only (101)(PA). Goniometry measurements performed with an atomic force microscope reveal that the (001)(YN) plane contacts (101)(PA) with a crystal orientation [100](YN)//[010](PA) and [010](YN)//[101](PA). A geometric lattice analysis using a newly developed program dubbed GRACE (geometric real-space analysis of crystal epitaxy) indicates that this interfacial configuration arises from optimal two-dimensional epitaxy and that among the six polymorphs of 1, only the YN polymorph, in the observed orientation, achieves reasonable epitaxial match to (101)(PA). The geometric analysis also reveals that none of the polymorphs, including YN, can achieve comparable epitaxial match with (111)(PA), consistent with the absence of nucleation on this crystal face. In contrast, sublimation of 1 on cleaved succinic acid (SA) substrates, which expose large (010)(SA) faces decorated with steps along [101](SA), affords growth of several polymorphs, each with multiple orientations, as well as oriented crystals of a new metastable polymorph on the (010)(SA) surfaces. The lack of polymorphic selectivity on (010)(SA) can be explained by the geometric lattice analysis, which reveals low-grade epitaxial matches between (010)(SA) and several polymorphs of 1 but no inherent selectivity toward a single polymorph. These observations demonstrate the sensitivity of crystal nucleation to substrate surface structure, the potential of crystalline substrates for selective nucleation and discovery of polymorphs, and the utility of geometric lattice modeling for screening of substrate libraries for controlling polymorphism.
Parallel-plate transmission systems for microwave frequencies (1959)

The paper gives a practical account of parallel-plate, or strip, transmission lines, which are becoming of increasing importance in microwave applications. The different types of strip line are considered and their basic characteristics summarized. Transducers to conventional systems and various circuit-elements are described, while the application of strip-line techniques to the construction of microwave components and filters is examined. Manufacture by photo-etching is outlined.
Effect of long-term oxygen therapy on survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with moderate hypoxaemia (1997)

Domiciliary oxygen treatment does not prolong survival in patients with COPD with moderate hypoxaemia. Airway limitation seems to determine survival in this group of patients.
Negative control of <i>Xenopus</i> GATA-2 by activin and noggin with eventual expression in precursors of the ventral blood islands (1994)

To increase our understanding of haematopoiesis during early vertebrate development, we have studied the expression pattern of the transcription factor GATA-2 in Xenopus embryos, and asked how this is regulated. We show that the blood island precursors of the ventral mesoderm express GATA-2 RNA at neural tube stages, some 5 hours before globin RNA is detected in their derivatives. Prior to this however, GATA-2 is expressed much more widely within the embryo. Maternal transcripts are uniformly distributed, and zygotic transcription is activated during gastrulation throughout ventral and lateral regions of the embryo, with expression highest in the sensorial ectoderm and only weak in the ventral mesoderm. The domain of GATA-2 expression in neurulae outlines the region of the neural plate and suggests a possible wider role in dorsoventral patterning. To identify the signals involved in regulating this pattern of expression, we performed experiments with embryo explants. GATA-2 is activated autonomously in isolated animal caps and this activation is suppressed by the mesoderm-inducing factor activin, but not by FGF. Thus, the down-regulation of GATA-2 observed in the region of the Spemann organiser may be a response to an activin-like signal emanating from the dorsal-vegetal region or Nieuwkoop centre. GATA-2 activation in animal caps and ventral marginal zones was suppressed by co-culturing with dorsal marginal zones, suggesting that a signal from the Spemann organiser is involved in suppression of GATA-2 in the dorsal region of the embryo. Expression of a candidate for this signal, noggin, had the same effect. Taken together, the observations presented here suggest that GATA-2 activation occurs by default in the absence of signals, that the restriction of its expression within the early embryo is controlled by negative signals emanating from the Nieuwkoop centre and the organiser, and that noggin and activin-like molecules play a role in these signalling pathways.
Rail freight vibration impacts sleep and community response: An overview of CargoVibes (2014)

The European Union funded project: CargoVibes involving ten partners from eight nations has aimed to examine ground-borne vibration affecting residents close to freight railway lines. The paper presents an overview of the work package investigating human response to vibration, with particular focus on physiological and psychological impact on sleep, community annoyance and the development of guidance in evaluating response. Existing field studies of community response were supplemented with further field work in the Netherlands and Poland, and a meta-analysis conducted to determine dose-response relationships for railway vibration. The effects of vibration on sleep were measured in a series of laboratory trials at the University of Gothenburg. Numerous outcomes of vibration exposure were found, with physiological markers such as greater heart rate response and cortical reactions during sleep, and annoyance and sleep disturbance increasing with higher vibration amplitudes. A guidance document considering current state of the art regarding vibration measurement and assessment was produced pertaining to human perception, evaluation methods, annoyance, sleep impacts, and non-exposure factors. The outcomes of this work represent a significant advance in the understanding of the human response to railway vibration and a step towards a much needed harmonization of assessment methods. The findings presented in this paper highlight the importance of considering environmental vibration in the planning, construction, and maintenance of railways in residential environments.
Potassium Channels in <i>Samanea saman</i> Protoplasts Controlled by Phytochrome and the Biological Clock (1993)

Leaflet movement in legumes depends on rhythmic, light-regulated ion fluxes in opposing regions of the leaf-moving organ. In flexor and extensor protoplasts from Samanea saman Merrill, opening and closing of K(+) channels were rhythmic in constant darkness. When channels were open in flexor protoplasts they were closed in extensor protoplasts, and vice versa. The rhythms were shifted by a delay in the onset of constant darkness, a response typical of endogenous circadian rhythms. During the light period, the channels in flexor protoplasts were sensitive to red light that was followed by premature darkness; phytochrome was implicated as the photoreceptor.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-pancratistatin (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-pancratistatinSamuel Danishefsky and Joung Yon LeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 13, 4829–4837Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00195a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00195a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3095Altmetric-Citations164LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-Organized Lightwave Network Based on Waveguide Films for Three-Dimensional Optical Wiring Within Boxes (2004)

This paper presents core technologies for a self-organized microoptical system (SELMOS) within optoelectronic computers; mass-productive fabrication processes of waveguide films and new types of self-organized lightwave networks (SOLNETs) for three-dimensional (3-D) optical wiring with optical Z-connections. Waveguide films are fabricated by the built-in mask method, which is reusable and can construct surface-normal mirrors/filters at one time within photolithographic accuracy. Beveled core edge walls are made by the tilted ultraviolet (UV) exposure through the built-in mask using a photodefinable material. Near- and far-field patterns reveal that the walls act as micromirrors for optical Z-connections. SOLNET is a network consisting of self-organized coupling waveguides between misaligned optical devices. The self-organization is generated in a photorefractive material by self-focusing of the two write beams from the two devices. Direct SOLNET, where wavelengths of the write beam and the signal beam are the same, is demonstrated using a laser diode. Reflective SOLNET, where one of the two write beams is replaced with a reflected write beam from the edge of the coupled device, realizes two-beam-writing SOLNET in a one-beam-writing configuration. It is especially effective when the coupled device cannot transmit write beams. The proof-of-concept is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. These results indicate a possibility to form 3-D optical wiring simply in SELMOS.
Visco-elastic modes in some ferroelectric liquid crystals (1998)

We have studied the Goldstone-mode of three ferroelectric materials near the chiral smectic C (SmC*)-smectic A phase transition. The elastic constants corresponding to the C director in the SmC* phase have been evaluated from the dynamic light scattering measurements. In the material SCE6 we find a slow relaxing mode in addition to the normal Goldstone-mode. This slow relaxation is present only in the SmC* phase and vanishes in the smectic A phase.
Psychopharmacotherapy of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2008)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that develops after a psychological trauma usually caused by a situation perceived as deeply threatening to a person's life or integrity. Complex neurobiological changes triggered by such a traumatic and stressful experience may explain a wide range of PTSD symptoms and provide the rationale for psychopharmacological treatment. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors make the first-line treatment of PTSD. Clinical experience has shown that they are more effective than noradrenalin-reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants. Antipsychotic drugs, especially atypical ones, have been shown effective in PTSD patients with psychotic characteristics or refractoriness to other treatments. Mood stabilizers seem to reduce mostly autonomous overreactions to stress, whereas the evidence for effectiveness of monoamine oxidase inhibitors is largely inconclusive. Other groups of medications, such as serotonin agonists and antagonists, new antidepressants, dual inhibitors of serotonin- and noradrenalin-reuptake, anticonvulsants, and opiate antagonists are also sometimes used in PTSD treatment. However, as shown in the present review, most clinical studies performed to date to investigate the effectiveness of different psychopharmacological agents in the therapy of PTSD have serious limitations in terms of small sample size, lack of blinding and randomization, and small effect size. More rigorously designed, comparative studies are needed to determine the usefulness, efficacy, tolerability, and safety of particular psychopharmaceutical drugs in the treatment of this therapeutically and functionally challenging disorder.