gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Changing Landscape of Diagnostic Services for Tuberculosis (2013)

During the last decade there has been a dramatic change in the laboratory approach to tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in the developing world. This change began with the realization that acid-fast bacillus smear microscopy alone was totally inadequate to deal with the dual problems of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated TB and drug-resistant TB that threaten to undermine global progress in TB control. Subsequently, increased financial resources for TB laboratory services and the establishment of a systematic process for endorsement of new TB diagnostic tools and approaches by the World Health Organization (WHO) have led to rapid expansion of TB laboratory services and the availability of several new diagnostic tests that have been introduced. These include both commercial automated and noncommercial systems for phenotypic mycobacterial liquid culture and drug susceptibility testing, a simple and inexpensive test for mycobacterial species identification in culture isolates, light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy, and rapid molecular methods for TB case detection and the diagnosis of drug-resistant TB. The latter methodologies that include line probe assays and an automated cartridge-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test are being scaled up at an unprecedented pace and are truly revolutionizing the diagnosis of drug-resistant TB. On the other hand, little progress has been made in the quest for a true point-of-care test for TB. Fortunately, this is being addressed in several discovery initiatives that hopefully will provide impetus for the development of rapid, accurate TB diagnostics for the lowest level of the health system.
Biotic interference of biological control of purple loosestrife (2005)

Iowa State University has reared and released two European leaf-feeding beetle species to control purple loosestrife in Iowa wetlands. Expected reductions in loosestrife have not occurred, and biotic mortality factors may explain the failure of the beetles to curb the loosestrife.
A Study on Hot-Carrier-Induced Photoemission in n-MOSFETs (1999)

this paper, experimental evidence of high electric field e#ects in sub-half micron n-MOSFETs with high spatial resolution is presented. The shift of peak position of the photoemission toward the drain side is observed with the improved photoemission microscope which has a spatial resolution of 27 nm/pixel on the CCD imager. The test devices were specially designed to prevent reflection/interference e#ects due to the aluminum electrodes from degrading the photoemission profiles and from making precise analyses di#cult. The experimental results are discussed in comparison with the lateral electric fields, electron-hole recombination 594
Antagonistic effects of lipopolysaccharide binding protein and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein on lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release by mononuclear phagocytes. Competition for binding to lipopolysaccharide. (1993)

Serum proteins play an important role in LPS-induced cell activation. The LPS binding protein (LBP) enhances cellular responses to LPS, whereas the polymorphonuclear leukocyte product bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) inhibits LPS-induced cell activation. In this study the influences of LBP and BPI, two proteins with opposite effects, but with considerable sequence homology, on LPS-induced mononuclear phagocytic cell cytokine release was studied. LBP was shown to enhance LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 release by mononuclear phagocytic cells, whereas BPI inhibited the release of these cytokines. Furthermore, the effects of LBP and BPI on LPS-induced cytokine release by mononuclear phagocytic cells were shown to be counteractive. BPI interfered with the enhancing effect of LBP on the LPS-induced cytokine release. At high LBP to BPI ratios, BPI could no longer inhibit LBP-induced enhancement. In accordance, increasing concentrations of BPI abrogated the LBP effect. Next, it was shown that LBP and BPI compete for binding to LPS by using an assay system that detects binding of free BPI to an anti-BPI mAb. LPS prevented binding of BPI to anti-BPI mAb, whereas preincubation of LPS with LBP prevented the LPS-induced inhibition. Also, it was observed that both BPI and LBP inhibited LPS activity in the chromogenic LAL assay. We conclude from this study that LBP and BPI have counteractive effects on LPS-induced mononuclear phagocytic cell cytokine release by competing for binding to LPS.
A Rotation Fluidization Coupled Atomic Layer Deposition Reactor for Nanoparticle Coating (2016)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is an attractive approach for precisely controllable and conformal coating on nanoparticles (NPs). Compared with flat substrates, NPs have very large specific surface area, form agglomerate and stack together during deposition. Therefore, special reactor and process are needed to promote the precursor diffusion for uniform deposition and efficient process. In this paper, an ALD reactor is introduced which uses fluidization to facilitate precursor transport and couples rotation to intensify the dynamic dismantling of soft-agglomerates, exposing individual particle to precursors. In situ mass spectrometry monitoring of the reaction shows nearly 100% precursor utilization with proper deposition process. The linear relationship of statistical element mass concentrations with deposition cycles demonstrates the precise controllability. The microscale morphology of the Al 2 O 3 coated SiO 2 , Fe 3 O 4 , CeO 2 and AlH 3 NPs shows the uniformity and conformity of the films on individual particles, which reveals the generosity of the reactor on various nanostructures.
Anti‐thyroid drugs decrease mucosal damage in a rat model of experimental colitis (1997)

Methimazole and propylthiouracil significantly reduce mucosal damage and colonic weight in a rat model of colitis. The mode by which they do so remains to be studied.
Novel <i>nirK</i> Cluster Genes in <i>Nitrosomonas europaea</i> Are Required for NirK-Dependent Tolerance to Nitrite (2005)

Nitrite reductase (NirK) of Nitrosomonas europaea confers tolerance to nitrite (NO2-). The nirK gene is clustered with three genes of unknown physiological function: ncgABC. At present, this organization is unique to nitrifying bacteria. Here we report that the ncgABC gene products facilitate NirK-dependent NO2- tolerance by reversing the negative physiological effect that is associated with the activity of NirK in their absence. We hypothesize that the ncg gene products are involved in the detoxification of nitric oxide that is produced by NirK.
Comparison of random mutagenesis and semi-rational designed libraries for improved cytochrome P450 BM3-catalyzed hydroxylation of small alkanes (2012)

Three semi-rational approaches, combinatorial site-saturation mutagenesis (CSSM) using a reduced amino acid set and two libraries based on C(orbit) and CRAM computational design algorithms targeting up to 10 active site residues, were used to engineer cytochrome P450 BM3 to demethylate dimethyl ether and hydroxylate propane and ethane. These small libraries (343-1028 variants) were all enriched with respect to the fraction functional and maximal activities compared with a random mutagenesis library and individual site-saturation libraries targeting the same residues. Despite high average amino acid substitution levels of 2.6, 5 and 7.5, the CSSM, C(orbit) and CRAM libraries had at least 75% of library members properly folded. Propane- and ethane-hydroxylating P450 BM3 variants were identified using all three mutagenesis approaches, with as few as two amino acid substitutions. The library designed using the CRAM algorithm, which sought to reduce the size of the binding pocket, produced both a higher number of active variants and variants supporting the greatest number of catalytic turnovers. The most active variant E32 supports 16 800 propane turnovers at 36% coupling, which rivals the activity of variants obtained after 10-12 rounds of directed evolution using random and site-saturation mutagenesis. None of the variants in this study achieved the complete re-specialization for propane hydroxylation (including 93% coupling) previously obtained via multiple rounds of mutagenesis and screening. However, these semi-rational approaches allowed for large jumps in sequence space to variants with the desired functions.
Depressed tolerance to fluorocarbon-simulated ischemia in failing myocardium due to impaired [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>modulation (2000)

The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of failing myocardium from postinfarction rats to simulated ischemia. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery in male Wistar rats. Isometric force and free intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) were measured in isolated left ventricular papillary muscles from sham-operated and post-MI animals 6 wk after surgery. Ischemia was simulated by using fluorocarbon immersion with hypoxia. Results showed that mechanical performance was depressed during the period of hypoxia in physiological salt solution (44 +/- 7% of baseline in sham vs. 30 +/- 6% of baseline in MI, P < 0.05) or ischemia (16 +/- 2% of baseline in sham vs. 9 +/- 1% of baseline in MI, P < 0.01) accompanied by no corresponding decrease of peak [Ca(2+)](i) (hypoxia: 51 +/- 8% of baseline in sham vs. 46 +/- 7% of baseline in MI, P = NS; ischemia: 47 +/- 5% of baseline in sham, 39 +/- 7% of baseline in MI, P = NS). After reoxygenation, [Ca(2+)](i) rapidly returned to near preischemic basal levels, whereas developed tension in fluorocarbon remained significantly lower. This dissociation between peak [Ca(2+)](i) and isometric contractility was more pronounced in the failing myocardium from postinfarction rats. In conclusion, more severe impairment of [Ca(2+)](i) homeostasis in the failing myocardium from postinfarction rats increases susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Dimerization of MT1-MMP during cellular invasion detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (2011)

Homodimerization of the membrane-bound collagenase MT1-MMP [membrane-type 1 MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)] is crucial for its collagenolytic activity. However, it is not clear whether this dimerization is regulated during cellular invasion into three-dimensional collagen matrices. To address this question, we established a fluorescence resonance energy transfer system to detect MT1-MMP dimerization and analysed the process in cells invading through three-dimensional collagen. Our data indicate that dimerization occurs dynamically and constantly at the leading edge of migrating cells, but not the trailing edge. We found that polarized dimerization was not due to ECM (extracellular matrix) attachment, but was rather controlled by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton by the small GTPases, Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) and Rac1. Our data indicate that cell-surface collagenolytic activity is regulated co-ordinately with cell migration events to enable penetration of the matrix physical barrier.
Fiber four-wave mixing in multi-amplifier systems with nonuniform chromatic dispersion (1995)

Fiber fiber-wave mixing (FWM) is studied for multichannel multi-amplifier systems composed of short fibers with different zero-dispersion wavelength. An analytical expression describing FWM in these systems is derived. Using the expression, crosstalk is calculated for various combinations of fiber lengths, which are selected according to a random function, and allowable fiber input power is evaluated. The results show that the allowable input power for nonuniform dispersion is larger than that for uniform dispersion by several dB, depending on system conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3‐D inversion of gravity data (1995)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 19953‐D inversion of gravity dataAuthors: Yaoguo LiDouglas W. OldenburgYaoguo LiUniversity of British Columbia and Douglas W. OldenburgUniversity of British Columbiahttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887478 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887478FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByGravity 3D modelling: a kimberlite case history and inversion methodology discussionRenato Cordani13 March 2014 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1995 Pages: 1566 publication data© 1995 Copyright © 1995 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Yaoguo Li and Douglas W. Oldenburg, (1995), "3‐D inversion of gravity data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 264-267. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887478 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Combinatorial Recombination of Gene Fragments to Construct a Library of Chimeras (2010)

Abstract Recombination of distantly related and nonrelated genes is difficult using traditional PCR‐based techniques, and truncation‐based methods result in a large proportion of nonviable sequences due to frame shifts, deletions, and insertions. This unit describes a method for creating libraries of chimeras through combinatorial assembly of gene fragments. It allows the experimenter to recombine genes of any identity and to select the sites where recombination takes place. Combinatorial recombination is achieved by generating gene fragments with specific overhangs, or sticky ends. The overhangs permit the fragments to be ligated in the correct order while allowing independent assortment of blocks with identical overhangs. Genes of any identity can be recombined so long as they share 3 to 5 base pairs of identity at the desired recombination sites. Simple adaptations of the method allow incorporation of specific gene fragments. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci . 61:26.2.1‐26.2.20. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Theoretische und spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Indigofarbstoffen, XXII Synthesen von 5,5′‐ und 6,6′‐dialkylierten Indigofarbstoffen (1981)

Abstract Die vielseitigen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten der Indigoide werden durch die geringe Löslichkeit der meisten Vertreter dieser Farbstoffklasse stark eingeschränkt. Wir berichten hier über die Darstellung einer Reihe dialkylierter Indigos 1 , Thioindigos 2 , Cibaviolett‐Farbstoffe 3 sowie ihrer Vinylogen 4, 5 und 6 auf unterschiedlichen Wegen. Einige der Verbindungen zeigen eine sehr gute Löslichkeit und können in unpolaren Lösungsmitteln für spektroskopische Zwecke genutzt werden.
La revista que desearíamos leer (2013)

The trace proteome of white-wine vinegar has been identified via capture with home-made combinatorial peptide ligand libraries under conditions mimicking reverse-phase capture, i.e. at pH 2.2 in presence of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. A total of 27 unique gene products have been identified, of which 10 specific of the database Vitis vinifera, 13 found in the general database Uniprot_viridiplantae and 4 in Swiss Prot_all entries. The most abundant species detected, on the basis of spectral counts, appears to be the whole genome shotgun sequence of line PN40024, scaffold_22 (a protein of the glycosyl hydrolase family). Curiously, up to the present, no information had been available on vinegar proteome.
Feed-forward continuous and complete polarization control with a plzt rotatable-variable waveplate and inline polarimeter (2003)

A Pb/sub 1-x/La <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> (Zr/sub y/Ti/sub z/)/sub 1-x/4/O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PLZT) electrooptic ceramic variable-rotatable waveplate and a compact inline polarimeter have been used to develop a fast feed-forward-controlled module for the continuous and complete conversion of polarization. This requires the control of only two parameters: the direction /spl theta/ and strength of the applied voltage V/sub 0/. Feed-forward control speed is fast, taking only 24 μs. The chip plates were made by cutting T-shaped trenches into the four sides of a 500×400×300-μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> PLZT chip and coating the trenches with electrodes. The PLZT waveplate is inserted into a 330-μm gap between thermally expanded core fibers. The input polarization states are monitored by a newly developed compact and fast inline polarimeter, which is placed in front of the polarization controller. The optimum /spl theta/ and V/sub 0/ values for the required conversion are calculated by a computer, and the corresponding voltages are then applied to PLZT waveplate.
An octadentate bifunctional chelating agent for the development of stable zirconium-89 based molecular imaging probes (2014)

(89)Zr-based imaging agents hold great promise as novel radio-tracers in nuclear medicine. However, insufficient stability of currently used radiometal complexes in vivo is a safety concern for clinical applications. We herein report the first octadentate bifunctional chelating agent for the development of (89)Zr-labelled (bio)conjugates with improved stability.
Reprogramming Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells to Neurons Using Recombinant Proteins (2014)

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to an altered lineage by overexpressing specific transcription factors. To avoid introducing exogenous genetic material into the genome of host cells, cell-penetrating peptides can be used to deliver transcription factors into cells for reprogramming. Position-dependent C-end rule (CendR) cell- and tissue-penetrating peptides provide an alternative to the conventional cell-penetrating peptides, such as polyarginine. In this study, we used a prototypic, already active CendR peptide, RPARPAR, to deliver the transcription factor SOX2 to retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. We demonstrated that RPE cells can be directly reprogrammed to a neuronal fate by introduction of SOX2. Resulting neuronal cells expressed neuronal marker mRNAs and proteins and downregulated expression of RPE markers. Cells produced extensive neurites and developed synaptic machinery capable of dye uptake after depolarization with potassium. The RPARPAR-mediated delivery of SOX2 alone was sufficient to allow cell lineage reprogramming of both fetal and stem cell-derived RPE cells to become functional neurons.
Synthesis of electrically conductive organic solids (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of electrically conductive organic solidsR. C. Wheland and J. L. GillsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 13, 3916–3925Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00429a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00429a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1198Altmetric-Citations268LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Family planning programmes and action in Western Europe (1966)

Abstract Neo-Malthusian organisations for spreading birth control propaganda were created in many West European countries in the 1870s and '80s. But the birth control movement proper, with its provision of clinics and other means of supplying advice on contraception, began much later-generally after World War I and largely on a welfare basis, divorced from Malthusianism. Legal and other difficulties impeded progress and conditioned the nature of the movement. Since World War II, however, the relevance of birth control has come increasingly to be recognized and the movement has expanded markedly. In some countries - especially in France, West Germany and Italy - there are still legal obstacles, though ways have been found of avoiding them. But even in other countries the direct impact of birth control clinics is far smaller than might have been expected and married couples still obtain their information on contraception from other sources. In recent years the various national movements have shown a greater interest in the evaluation of their activities. As a result, the near future may see substantial changes in their structure and in the approach to their potential clientèle.
Targeting constitutively-activated STAT3 in hypoxic ovarian cancer, using a novel STAT3 inhibitor (2014)

Tumor hypoxia, a feature of many solid tumors including ovarian cancer, is associated with resistance to therapies. We previously demonstrated that hypoxic exposure results in increased expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3). We hypothesized the activation of STAT3 could lead to chemotherapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer cells in hypoxic conditions. In this study, we demonstrate the level of pSTAT3 Tyr705 is increased in the hypoxic regions of human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) specimens, as determined by HIF-1α and CD-31 staining. In vitro mutagenesis studies proved that pSTAT3 Tyr705 is necessary for cell survival and proliferation under hypoxic conditions. In addition, we show that S1PR1, a regulator of STAT3 transcription via the JAK/STAT pathway, is highly expressed in hypoxic ovarian cancer cells (HOCCs). Knock down of S1PR1 in HOCCs reduced pSTAT3 Tyr705 levels and was associated with decreased cell survival. Treatment of HOCCs with the STAT3 inhibitor HO-3867 resulted in a rapid and dramatic decrease in pSTAT3 Tyr705 levels as a result of ubiquitin proteasome degradation. STAT3-target proteins Bcl-xL, cyclin D2 and VEGF showed similar decreases in HO-3867 treated cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that activation of STAT3 Tyr705 promotes cell survival and proliferation in HOCCs, and that S1PR1 is involved in the initiation of STAT3 activation. Targeting hypoxia-mediated STAT3 activation represents a therapeutic option for ovarian cancer and other solid tumors.