gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Batch-Fabricated Microjet Coolers for Electronic Components (1997)

Recent electronic component cooling experiments at Georgia Tech indicate that the synthetic microjet technology (in which a vibrating diaphragm causes an alternating suction and blowing of air which can be directed onto a chip or package ) could be an alternative solution to the use of CPU fans since it has the potential for low cost batch manufacture and does not possess fan bearings (a major reliability problem with CPU fans). The cooling experiments have determined that the use of synthetic jets can reduce the junction temperature elevation ΔT j of thermal dice mounted in standard IC packages (e.g., Dual-In-Line packages) by approximately 45-50 %, resulting in a junction temperature reduction of 45°C for an operating temperature of 115 °C. This work summarizes the cooling experiments and demonstrates the potential for batch fabrication of this new class of electronics coolers. To this end, fully integrated batch-fabricated, magnetically driven microjets have been realized on printed wiring board substrates. The devices consist ofa small air cavity which is bound by a flexible diaphragm on one side, and has a small orifice on the other side. An integrated, screen-printed permanent magnet is fabricated on top of the membrane and is used together with a planar coil to excite transverse membrane vibrations. Both static and dynamic tests of the microjet coolers have been performed. At the resonance frequency of 160 Hz, vibration amplitudes up to 150 μm have been observed for a driving current of 150 mA. The devices are successful in generating synthetic jets of the type necessary for electronic cooling applications.
A Novel Approach for License Plate Character Segmentation (2006)

Character segmentation is an important step in license plate recognition (LPR) system. In this paper, a novel character segmentation method of license plate is presented combining Laplacian Transformation, region growing and prior knowledge of license plate. In the proposed methodology, image preprocessing is performed to the license plate at first, and the character region in license plate is enhanced in the following. Then the edges of the characters are detected by using Laplacian Transformation and the candidate regions of characters are located by using region growing algorithm. And the character segmentation regions are determined by using prior knowledge of license plate. Finally the characters are segmented from original license plate and binarization is performed to the characters, which can make it more efficient for character recognition in OCR system. The proposed method in character segmentation is fast and accurate, and is tolerant to license plate with deformations, rotations, plate frame, rivet, the space mark, and so on. And promising results have been obtained in experiments on Chinese license plates.
A multimodal learning interface for grounding spoken language in sensory perceptions (2003)

Most speech interfaces are based on natural language processing techniques that use pre-defined symbolic representations of word meanings and process only linguistic information. To understand and use language like their human counterparts in multimodal human-computer interaction, computers need to acquire spoken language and map it to other sensory perceptions. This paper presents a multimodal interface that learns to associate spoken language with perceptual features by being situated in users' everyday environments and sharing user-centric multisensory information. The learning interface is trained in unsupervised mode in which users perform everyday tasks while providing natural language descriptions of their behaviors. We collect acoustic signals in concert with multisensory information from non-speech modalities, such as user's perspective video, gaze positions, head directions and hand movements. The system firstly estimates users' focus of attention from eye and head cues. Attention, as represented by gaze fixation, is used for spotting the target object of user interest. Attention switches are calculated and used to segment an action sequence into action units which are then categorized by mixture hidden Markov models. A multimodal learning algorithm is developed to spot words from continuous speech and then associate them with perceptually grounded meanings extracted from visual perception and action. Successful learning has been demonstrated in the experiments of three natural tasks: "unscrewing a jar", "stapling a letter" and "pouring water".
High‐quality seismic bicubic interpolation in a 3‐D visualization environment (2011)

Seismic data is typically displayed as variable density in a three‐dimensional (3‐D) visualization environment. The amplitude of a given time instance at a seismic trace is mapped to a gray scale, and a seismic section, or the faces of a seismic volume, becomes two‐dimensional (2‐D) images that are passed into graphics hardware using graphics texture. The graphics hardware performs the amplitude‐to‐color mapping, primarily using bilinear interpolation (which only considers the closest 2×2 neighbor data). Unfortunately, bilinear interpolation introduces noticeable magnification artifacts when the view is zoomed. Off‐the‐shelf graphics cards that have programmable graphics processing units (GPU) enable us to implement alternative interpolation methods, resulting in better seismic imaging. Our abstract presents bicubic interpolation using a GPU approach. Bicubic interpolation provides an ideal combination for processing time and seismic imaging. Our experiments show that this approach maintains a similarly rendered performance to bilinear interpolation and represents a significant image‐quality improvement.
High performance of a semipolar InGaN laser with a phase-shifted embedded hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) grating (2020)

Single-frequency blue laser sources are of interest for an increasing number of emerging applications but are still difficult to implement and expensive to fabricate and suffer from poor robustness. Here a novel and universal grating design to realize distributed optical feedback in visible semiconductor laser diodes (LDs) was demonstrated on a semipolar InGaN LD, and its unique effect on the laser performance was investigated. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a low threshold voltage, record-high power output, and ultra-narrow single-mode lasing were simultaneously obtained on the new laser structure with a thinner p-GaN layer and a third-order phase-shifted embedded dielectric grating. Under continuous-wave operation, such 450 nm lasers achieved 35 dB side-mode suppression ratio, less than 2 pm FWHM, and near 400 mW total output power at room temperature.
Stability of Spray-Dried Tuna Oil Emulsions Encapsulated with Two-Layered Interfacial Membranes (2005)

omega-3 Fatty acids have numerous health benefits, but their addition to foods is limited by oxidative rancidity. Spray-drying tuna oil-in-water emulsion droplets with a coating of lecithin and chitosan multilayer system could produce emulsion droplet interfacial membranes that are cationic and thick, both factors that can help control lipid oxidation. Physicochemical and oxidative stability of the spray-dried emulsions were determined as a function of storage temperature and relative humidity (RH). The combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mixed tocopherols was able to increase the oxidative stability of dried emulsions. Lipid oxidation was more rapid during storage at low relative humidity (11% and 33% compared to 52% RH). At high moisture, physical modifications in the sample were observed, including reduced dispersibility and formation of brown pigments. Sugar crystallization or Maillard products produced at the higher humidities may have inhibited oxidation. Overall, spray-dried tuna oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by lecithin-chitosan membranes were more oxidatively stable than bulk oils and thus have excellent potential as an omega-3 fatty acid ingredient for functional foods.
Accurate reconstruction of rain field maps from Commercial Microwave Networks using sparse field modeling (2014)

Recently, it has been demonstrated that Commercial Microwave Networks (CMN) can be considered as an opportunistic sensor networks for rainfall monitoring, and in particular, for rain fields reconstruction. While different rainfall mapping techniques have been proposed, their absolute performance has never been evaluated. This paper presents a novel algorithm, which generates an accurate reconstruction of rain field maps, given measurements from commercial microwave links (ML). The accuracy is achieved by using the sparse properties of the rain field, which enables an optimal and unique recovery of the rain rates along the ML, under certain regularity conditions. We demonstrate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is close to the actual measurements of the rain intensity in a given location, and that it outperforms the reconstruction done by the Radar, almost uniformly. The proposed approach is not restricted to the specific application of rainfall mapping. It can also be used for reconstructing images, especially sparse images, which are sampled by projections on arbitrary lines.
A comprehensive study of MOSFET electron mobility in both weak and strong inversion regimes (2002)

The physical origins of both Coulomb scattering and surface roughness scattering were investigated experimentally. It was demonstrated that the screening effect of Coulomb scattering is significantly different between interface charges and substrate impurities. It was also observed for the first time that there is a weak E/sub eff/ dependence of /spl mu//sub sr/ in MOSFETs with a long roughness correlation length comparable to the electron wavelength.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Out of plane motion of assembled microstructures using a single-mask SOI process (2005)

We demonstrate out-of-plane motion of microstructures assembled from parts fabricated in a single-mask silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. Compliant microgrippers used during assembly, in-plane electrostatic actuators, sockets and rotation mechanisms are all defined in the same mask. Advantages of this process include high fabrication yield and very quick fabrication time. We further report on three accomplishments: (1) new rigid sockets, (2) compliant, nonelectrically-actuated microgrippers that pick up parts and automatically rotate them 90/spl deg/ out-of-plane, and (3) out-of-plane rotation of assembled structures using in-plane electrostatic actuators, demonstrating 17/spl deg/ of static mechanical rotation to date.
Gaussian Processes for Bayesian Classification via Hybrid Monte Carlo (1996)

The full Bayesian method for applying neural networks to a prediction problem is to set up the prior/hyperprior structure for the net and then perform the necessary integrals. However, these integrals are not tractable analytically, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are slow, especially if the parameter space is high-dimensional. Using Gaussian processes we can approximate the weight space integral analytically, so that only a small number of hyperparameters need be integrated over by MCMC methods. We have applied this idea to classification problems, obtaining excellent results on the real-world problems investigated so far. 1 INTRODUCTION To make predictions based on a set of training data, fundamentally we need to combine our prior beliefs about possible predictive functions with the data at hand. In the Bayesian approach to neural networks a prior on the weights in the net induces a prior distribution over functions. This leads naturally to the idea of specifying our bel...
Improved purification and biochemical properties of phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (1989)

Monophosphatidylinositol inositol phosphohydrolase (phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. PtdIns-PLC. EC 3.1.4.10) has been purified from a Bacillus thuringiensis culture supernatant and from the cellular fraction of a recombinant Escherichia coli clone containing the PtdIns-PLC gene from B. thuringiensis. The two-step purification procedure involved ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose followed by separation on a Mono-Q/FPLC-column with yields of 32% and 50%, respectively. The molecular mass was determined to be 34 kDa by SDS/PAGE. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 5.15. The amino-terminal sequences were shown to be identical for the enzymes purified from both organisms. PtdIns-PLC was inhibited by divalent cations using mixed micelles of Triton X-100 and pure phosphatidylinositol. PtdIns-PLC activity was detectable on polyacrylamide gels by activity staining on phosphatidylinostiol-containing agarose.
A Feasible 5G Cloud-RAN Architecture with Network Slicing Functionality (2018)

The development of the fifth generation (5G) communication technology is in progress to satisfy the increasing demands of higher capacity, lower latency, and ubiquitous mobile access in the next generation mobile cellular networks. Furthermore, 5G networks shall be able to provide diverse and challenging requirements. As we know, Cloud-Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN or C-RAN) architecture has been identified as a promising approach to 5G, and network slicing offers a serviceable way to meet diverse requirements for 5G. However, providing reliable, cost-effective, and quality of service guaranteed network slices under C-RAN architecture is one of the major challenges in 5G. In this paper, we present a feasible solution for managing network slices in the C-RAN architecture in order to facilitate the deployment of the 5G prototype. We make use of OpenStack, Docker and OpenAirInterface (OAI) to implement the C-RAN architecture with properties of flexibility, scalability and rapid deployment. We then validate the feasibility of the prototype by means of signal and data transmissions of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
BGP Communities for Data Collection (2006)

BGP communities (RFC 1997) are used by service providers for many purposes, including tagging of customer, peer, and geographically originated routes.Such tagging is typically used to control the scope of redistribution of routes within a provider's network and to its peers and customers.With the advent of large-scale BGP data collection (and associated research), it has become clear that the information carried in such communities is essential for a deeper understanding of the global routing system.This memo defines standard (outbound) communities and their encodings for export to BGP route collectors.
Purification and properties of dog cardiac troponin T kinase. (1981)

Troponin T kinase was purified from dog heart extracts to apparent homogeneity (specific activity, 0.8-1.1 mumol of P incorporated/mg of protein/min at 30 degrees C). Analysis of the purified enzyme by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate showed two major protein bands corresponding to Mr = 37,000 and 28,000. The Mr = 28,000 band was found to be phosphorylated after incubation of the enzyme with [32P]ATP.Mg. The molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated to be approximately 125,000 from the results of gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. It would appear that cardiac troponin T kinase is composed of two 37,000- and two 28,000-dalton subunits. The purified kinase was found to phosphorylate troponin T from cardiac or skeletal muscle even in the presence of other components of the troponin system. Phosvitin and casein were also phosphorylated by the enzyme. The Km for ATP was determined to be 7 microM; free Mg2+ was required for maximal activity. Calcium ions, either in the presence of absence of calmodulin, had only a slight inhibitory effect. Addition of fluoride ions (50 mM) and arginine-rich histone (1 mg/ml) to the reaction mixture resulted in a strong inhibition of the activity. Cyclic nucleotides did not affect the kinase activity.
Secretion, delivery and function of oomycete effector proteins (2012)

Oomycetes are responsible for multi-billion dollar damages in aquaculture, agriculture and forestry. One common strategy they share with most cellular disease agents is the secretion of effector proteins. Effectors are molecules that change host physiology by initiating and allowing an infection to develop. Oomycetes secrete both extracellular and intracellular effectors. Studying secretion, delivery and function of effectors will hopefully lead to alternative control measures, which is much needed as several chemicals to control plant and animal pathogenic oomycetes cannot be used anymore; due to resistance in the host, or because the control measures have been prohibited as a result of toxicity to the environment and/or consumers. Here the latest findings on oomycete effector secretion, delivery and function are discussed.
Africanity theory and the new student in nursing. (1992)

Recognition and acceptance of Africanity theory in schools of nursing curricular has been presented as one strategy to address the needs of the new student in general and the ethnic minority student in particular. It was postulated that acceptance of the legitimacy of African-American culture would facilitate the recognition of the unique attributes of other "sub" cultures. Factors such as the (a) prevailing nursing shortage and (b) the changing applicant pool demand that nursing develop and incorporate innovative approaches to attract and retain the new student in nursing. Are we as a profession ready for the "new" students? It's either now or ...
Growth Kinetics of Suspended Microbial Cells: From Single-Substrate-Controlled Growth to Mixed-Substrate Kinetics (1998)

Growth kinetics, i.e., the relationship between specific growth rate and the concentration of a substrate, is one of the basic tools in microbiology. However, despite more than half a century of research, many fundamental questions about the validity and application of growth kinetics as observed in the laboratory to environmental growth conditions are still unanswered. For pure cultures growing with single substrates, enormous inconsistencies exist in the growth kinetic data reported. The low quality of experimental data has so far hampered the comparison and validation of the different growth models proposed, and only recently have data collected from nutrient-controlled chemostat cultures allowed us to compare different kinetic models on a statistical basis. The problems are mainly due to (i) the analytical difficulty in measuring substrates at growth-controlling concentrations and (ii) the fact that during a kinetic experiment, particularly in batch systems, microorganisms alter their kinetic properties because of adaptation to the changing environment. For example, for Escherichia coli growing with glucose, a physiological long-term adaptation results in a change in KS for glucose from some 5 mg liter-1 to ca. 30 microg liter-1. The data suggest that a dilemma exists, namely, that either "intrinsic" KS (under substrate-controlled conditions in chemostat culture) or micromax (under substrate-excess conditions in batch culture) can be measured but both cannot be determined at the same time. The above-described conventional growth kinetics derived from single-substrate-controlled laboratory experiments have invariably been used for describing both growth and substrate utilization in ecosystems. However, in nature, microbial cells are exposed to a wide spectrum of potential substrates, many of which they utilize simultaneously (in particular carbon sources). The kinetic data available to date for growth of pure cultures in carbon-controlled continuous culture with defined mixtures of two or more carbon sources (including pollutants) clearly demonstrate that simultaneous utilization results in lowered residual steady-state concentrations of all substrates. This should result in a competitive advantage of a cell capable of mixed-substrate growth because it can grow much faster at low substrate concentrations than one would expect from single-substrate kinetics. Additionally, the relevance of the kinetic principles obtained from defined culture systems with single, mixed, or multicomponent substrates to the kinetics of pollutant degradation as it occurs in the presence of alternative carbon sources in complex environmental systems is discussed. The presented overview indicates that many of the environmentally relevant apects in growth kinetics are still waiting to be discovered, established, and exploited.
Tourism and Travel Electronic Commerce in China (2007)

Abstract China, a fast‐growing developing country, is one of the world's most popular tourism destinations because of its large number of historical and natural scenic attractions. With the development of the Internet, tourism and travel electronic commerce (e‐commerce) have flourished in China, and the travel industry has experienced significant structural changes since 1999. This study examines how tourism and travel e‐commerce boomed in China, how the tourism value chain has changed in the new environment, and the current status of China's tourism and travel e‐commerce. Using data collected from 4,980 tourism and travel websites in China and the China Statistical Yearbook 2005, we examine the classification and functions of these websites. Our results suggest that travel agencies provide about half of the tourism and travel‐related websites in China. Most websites still only provide general information, while some provide search, online reservation, and payment services. We also present results on our tourism and travel website consumer satisfaction survey, and discuss the factors affecting consumers' decision‐making process in tourism and travel e‐commerce and the future of the tourism and travel e‐commerce in China. Keywords: tourismtravelChinae‐commercevalue chaintravel agencywebsite ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the special section editors and the two referees for their insightful and constructive comments on our paper. This work was partially supported by a grant from the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 06BJY101) and a grant from the Modern Information Management Research Center at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
Photodynamic antifungal activities of nanostructured fabrics grafted with rose bengal and phloxine <scp>B</scp> against <i><scp>A</scp>spergillus fumigatus</i> (2015)

ABSTRACT This study demonstrates that nanostructured fabrics grafted with rose bengal (RB) and phloxine B (PB) have photodynamic antifungal effects on Aspergillus fumigatus . RB and PB were attached to vinyl benzyl chloride, and, subsequently, this was polymerized with acrylic acid and styrene sulfonic acid to produce long, water‐soluble polymers to attach to the fabric surface. This gave high grafting yield and photodynamic antifungal activity against A. fumigatus . In RB and PB microdilution tests, there was no visible turbidity at 63 µmol/L. When polymerized RB and PB were incorporated into fabrics, the actions of polymerized RB and PB resulted in less hyphal growth and germination of conidia on A. fumigatus than the free RB and PB dyes. Nanostructured fabrics created by bonding RB‐ or PB‐containing polymers to electrospun nylon mats exhibited higher concentrations of the dyes, equivalent to 86 µmol/L. The microstructured fabrics created by bonding RB‐ or PB‐containing polymers to spunbonded nylon nonwoven fabrics only exhibited the equivalent of 32 µmol/L of the dyes. The nanostructured fabrics had a specific surface area of 28.1 m 2 /g, whereas the microfabric had 1.5 m 2 /g. Thus, the nanostructured fabrics increased the surface area 18.7× and the reflectance percent 16.2× when compared with the microstructured fabrics. This resulted in much higher photodynamic antifungal activity against A. fumigatus . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42114.