gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of PCR and plaque assay for detection and enumeration of coliphage in polluted marine waters (1997)

A total of 68 marine samples from various sites impacted by sewage and storm waters were analyzed by both the plaque assay and a reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR technique for F(sup+)-specific coliphage. The coliphage levels detected by the plaque assay averaged 1.90 x 10(sup4) PFU/100.0 ml. Using a most probable number (MPN) PCR approach, the levels averaged 2.40 x 10(sup6) MPN-PCR units/100.0 ml. Two samples were positive by RT-PCR but negative by plaque assay, and 12 samples were positive by plaque assay but negative by RT-PCR (levels lower than 11.00 PFU/100.0 ml). The host system used for the plaque assay may detect somatic coliphage in addition to the F(sup+)-specific coliphage. When it is used as an indicator of pollution, contamination may be missed with more restrictive systems. The difference in results may be due to the sensitivity, specificity, or inhibition of RT-PCR in marine samples. This study provides information on quantifying PCR results by an MPN method and insights into interpretation of PCR data for detection of viruses in marine environments.
Comparative analysis of medicolegal compensation for occupational cancers in France and other western European countries: development proposals. (2009)

In France, contemporary medicolegal reparation system of occupational diseases--in particular occupational cancer--has been questioned, constantly, due to changes in the state's legal system. For a long time, associated legislation was considered as a genuine social breakthrough. However, it shall remain acknowledged that over the past 15 years, it has been the French legal system itself that generated a certain level of inequality among victims of occupational diseases.. This inequality came to exist following certain jurisdictional understandings of legal matters, as well as the creation of exceptional schemes for granting compensation for physical injuries. It is agreed by both, courts and compensatory funds, that full compensation must be granted for particular group of victims. Yet, this is not the case as for granting compensation over occupational diseases, where reparation is on a set lump sum basis. In light of this proved inequality in the France legal system, with regard to the medicolegal reparation for loss or damage, associated with a claimant's occupational activity, we aim at investigating the procedures as practiced in various European countries occupational cancer in order to identify optimal compensation for these disorders.
Heterozygous splice mutation in <i>PIK3R1</i> causes human immunodeficiency with lymphoproliferation due to dominant activation of PI3K (2014)

Class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), which generate PIP3 as a signal for cell growth and proliferation, exist as an intracellular complex of a catalytic subunit bound to a regulatory subunit. We and others have previously reported that heterozygous mutations in PIK3CD encoding the p110δ catalytic PI3K subunit cause a unique disorder termed p110δ-activating mutations causing senescent T cells, lymphadenopathy, and immunodeficiency (PASLI) disease. We report four patients from three families with a similar disease who harbor a recently reported heterozygous splice site mutation in PIK3R1, which encodes the p85α, p55α, and p50α regulatory PI3K subunits. These patients suffer from recurrent sinopulmonary infections and lymphoproliferation, exhibit hyperactive PI3K signaling, and have prominent expansion and skewing of peripheral blood CD8(+) T cells toward terminally differentiated senescent effector cells with short telomeres. The PIK3R1 splice site mutation causes skipping of an exon, corresponding to loss of amino acid residues 434-475 in the inter-SH2 domain. The mutant p85α protein is expressed at low levels in patient cells and activates PI3K signaling when overexpressed in T cells from healthy subjects due to qualitative and quantitative binding changes in the p85α-p110δ complex and failure of the C-terminal region to properly inhibit p110δ catalytic activity.
Amorphous Avalanche Photodiode with Large Conduction Band Edge Discontinuity (1996)

An amorphous avalanche photodiode (APD) with a heterojunction of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) and hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium (a-SiGe:H) was formed. The band gaps of a-SiC:H and a-SiGe:H are 3.5 eV and 1.55 eV, respectively. The discontinuity of conduction bands at the heterojunction is larger than the band gap of a-SiGe:H. In this amorphous APD, photocurrent multiplication is observed under low electric field. The quantum efficiency starts to exceed unity when the conduction band discontinuity becomes larger than the band gap of a lower-gap material, and it is likely to saturate at 2. The slope of photoelectric conversion characteristics is 1.00. The multiplication is explained by the impact ionization process at the band edge discontinuity region.
Germinated Brown Rice Extract Shows a Nutraceutical Effect in the Recovery of Chronic Alcohol-Related Symptoms (2003)

Chronic ethanol abuse can cause liver damage and unfavorable lipid profiles in humans and rodents. Phytonutrients have the potential to partially reverse some of the adverse effects of alcoholism. In this study, a germinated brown rice grown under conditions that favor high concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was evaluated for protective effects against the toxic consequences of chronic ethanol use. Serum and hepatic lipid concentrations and enzymes indicative of liver damage were determined in mice chronically administered ethanol. Balb/c mice were fed with either AIN-76 diet (control), control diet plus ethanol, or control diet plus ethanol and supplemental brown rice extract for 30 days. The extract naturally contained 841 nmol GABA per milliliter and was prepared from germinated brown rice. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver aspartate aminotransferase, and liver alanine aminotransferase levels were increased in mice administered ethanol, but not in mice given ethanol and brown rice extract. The brown rice extract significantly increased serum and liver high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. Furthermore, administration of the extract prevented ethanol-induced increases in liver triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations. These findings raise the possibility that brown rice extracts containing a high level of GABA may have a nutraceutical role in the recovery from and prevention of chronic alcohol-related diseases.
Insights and analyses of online auctions (2001)

article Insights and analyses of online auctionsCommunications of the ACMVolume 44Issue 11Nov. 2001 pp 42–50https://doi.org/10.1145/384150.384160Published:01 November 2001Publication History 120citation3,320DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations120Total Downloads3,320Last 12 Months31Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Chlorination and chloroiodination of acetylenes with copper(II) chloride (1977)

Reactions of acetylenes (RCCR′; R and/or R′= H, alkyl, or phenyl)(1), with copper(II) chloride–lithium chloride in acetonitrile give the corresponding E-dichloroalkenes in good yields except in the case of (1; R = Ph, R′= But) where the Z-product is favoured. Reactions with copper(II) chloride–iodine or –potassium iodide proceed more smoothly to afford, completely regiospecifically and highly stereospecifically, E-chloroiodoalkenes in high yields. Reactions with iodine chloride also give the same compounds, but the yield and E-stereospecificity are low in comparison with those in the copper(II) chloride–iodine case. An open vinyl cation intermediate in which copper(I) co-ordinates weakly with both the double bond and the chlorine atom attached to carbon is postulated for chlorination, and a cyclic iodonium ion intermediate is proposed for chloroiodination.
Multicenter determination of optimal interobserver agreement using the Fuhrman grading system for renal cell carcinoma (2004)

Collapsing of the Fuhrman grading system to a two-tiered scheme led to an improvement in interobserver agreement while preserving the independent prognostic value of nuclear grade.
Integrated imaging of [11C]-PBR28 PET, MR diffusion and magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1H-MRS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2018)

Integrated PET-MR and <sup>1</sup>H-MRS imaging demonstrates associations between markers for neuronal integrity and neuroinflammation and may provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms in ALS.
VI.—Note on the High-level Deposits on the Chalk at Little Heath, near Berkhamsted (1919)

At a meeting of the Geological Society on January 22 a section at Little Heath, near Berkhamsted, was described and discussed; but both in the papers and in the discussion attention was focussed on the lower part of the section, and the gravel, which is separated by about 6 inches of bull-head from the Chalk, was assigned to the Pliocene and correlated with the Westleton Beds of Prestwich. But the upper beds have an interest of their own, especially for the archæologist who is acquainted with the work of the late Mr. Worthington Smith; and it seems worth while to point out some striking resemblances to deposits in a line running north-east of the site in question. The Little Heath strata referred to are:—
Enzymatic hydrolysis in conjunction with conventional pretreatments to soybean for enhanced oil availability and recovery (1997)

Abstract Enzymatic hydrolysis of oilseeds prior to extraction has recently been shown to enhance the extractable oil in oilseeds and its recovery. This paper presents the results of optimizing the combination of enzymatic hydrolysis with one or more conventional pretreatments to soybean and of optimizing the hydrolysis parameters as they determine the mechanical extractability as well as the solvent extractability. Enzymatic hydrolysis in conjunction with flaking (dehulling inherent) and steam conditioning offered statistically the best pretreament combination for soybean at a 5% level of significance, enhancing the extractable oil content by about 4.8% of moisture‐free sample. The optimal hydrolysis parameter values based on response surface analysis were: hydrolysis moisture content 23.22% wet basis, enzyme concentration 11.99 vol/wt, and incubation period 13.79 h. Over 99% of the total extractable oil released after hydrolysis was extractable within 16 h on a Soxhlet extractor.
The influence of bowtie filtration on cone‐beam CT image quality (2008)

The large variation of x-ray fluence at the detector in cone-beam CT (CBCT) poses a significant challenge to detectors' limited dynamic range, resulting in the loss of skinline as well as reduction of CT number accuracy, contrast-to-noise ratio, and image uniformity. The authors investigate the performance of a bowtie filter implemented in a system for image-guided radiation therapy (Elekta oncology system, XVI) as a compensator for improved image quality through fluence modulation, reduction in x-ray scatter, and reduction in patient dose. Dose measurements with and without the bowtie filter were performed on a CTDI Dose phantom and an empirical fit was made to calculate dose for any radial distance from the central axis of the phantom. Regardless of patient size, shape, anatomical site, and field of view, the bowtie filter results in an overall improvement in CT number accuracy, image uniformity, low-contrast detectability, and imaging dose. The implemented bowtie filter offers a significant improvement in imaging performance and is compatible with the current clinical system for image-guided radiation therapy.
Topical anaesthesia for the insertion of nasogastric tubes. (1995)

The effect of topical anaesthesia on the discomfort caused by insertion of nasogastric tubes in conscious patients was assessed. An intra-nasal spray of 4% lignocaine significantly reduced the distress experienced without any increase in difficulty (P < 0.01).
Systemic Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibition Reduces Inflammation and Improves Vascular Function in Hypercholesterolemia (2005)

Systemic ACAT inhibition reduces circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects and improves resistance-vessel endothelial function, with small effects on circulating cholesterol. This may be a novel therapeutic strategy to target vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
Use of E-Journals by the Research Scholars of Banaras Hindu University: A Survey (2015)

Electronic resources are playing vital role in the enhancement of research and development in the education system. Most of the universities are utilizing electronic resources, which are subscribed by the various medium like consortia, individual publisher, etc. It is very important to evaluate the usage of e-resources because huge amounts are involved in the subscription of e-resources. This paper deals with the evaluation of usages of electronic Journals by the research scholars of the Banaras Hindu. To complete this study a survey has been conducted at the Banaras Hindu University. This study examines regarding the use, awareness, mode of searching, purpose and most preferred file format of e-journals. It also highlights the opinions about printed and electronic journals. It also explored that the researchers are facing various problems in accessing of e-journals.
Teaching With Technology (2008)

In this bimonthly series, the author examines how nurse educators can use Internet and Web-based computer technologies such as search, communication, and collaborative writing tools, social networking and social bookmarking sites, virtual worlds, and Web-based teaching and learning programs. This article describes approaches to finding information on the Web. Web-based search tools including Internet search engines, organizational databases, and those at the library will be discussed. Techniques to evaluate the validity, usefulness, and applicability of search outcomes are included.
Secure Shell Security Model for SNMP (2005)

This memo describes a Security Model for the Simple Network Management
Protocol, using the Secure Shell protocol within a Transport Mapping.
A Projection Method Approach to Constrained Dynamic Analysis (1992)

The paper presents a unified approach to the dynamic analysis of mechanical systems subject to (ideal) holonomic and/or nonholonomic constraints. The approach is based on the projection of the initial (constraint reaction-containing) dynamical equations into the orthogonal and tangent subspaces; the orthogonal subspace which is spanned by the constraint vectors, and the tangent subspace which complements the orthogonal subspace in the system’s configuration space. The tangential projection gives the reaction-free (or purely kinetic) equations of motion, whereas the orthogonal projection determines the constraint reactions. Simplifications due to the use of independent variables are indicated, and examples illustrating the concepts are included.
Neutrophils do not contribute to local tissue damage, but play a key role in skeletal muscle regeneration, in mice injected with <i>Bothrops asper</i> snake venom (2003)

Abstract Local tissue damage induced by crotaline snake venoms includes edema, myonecrosis, hemorrhage, and an inflammatory response associated with a prominent cellular infiltrate. The role of neutrophils in the local tissue damage induced by Bothrops asper snake venom and by myotoxin I, a phospholipase A 2 isolated from this venom, was investigated. Male Swiss mice were pretreated with either an antimouse granulocyte rat monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody or with isotype‐matched control antibody. No significant differences in these local effects were observed between mice pretreated with antigranulocyte antibodies and those receiving control IgG. Moreover, myotoxicity induced by B. asper myotoxin I was similar in neutrophil‐depleted and control mice. The role of neutrophils in the process of skeletal muscle regeneration was also assessed. Muscle regeneration was assessed by quantifying the muscle levels of creatine kinase and by morphometric histological analysis of the area comprised by regenerating cells in damaged regions of skeletal muscle. Mice depleted of neutrophils and then injected with B. asper venom showed a more deficient regenerative response than mice pretreated with control IgG. Moreover, a drastic difference in the regenerative response was observed in mice injected with myotoxin I, because animals pretreated with control IgG showed a successful regeneration, whereas those depleted of neutrophils had abundant areas of necrotic tissue that had not been removed 7 days after injection, associated with reduced contents of creatine kinase. It is concluded that (1) neutrophils do not play a significant role in the acute local pathological alterations induced by the venom of B. asper , and (2) neutrophils play a prominent role in the process of skeletal muscle regeneration after injection of B. asper venom and myotoxin I, probably related to the phagocytosis of necrotic material and the recruitment of other inflammatory cells, two events directly associated with a successful muscle regenerative response. Muscle Nerve 28: 449–459, 2003
SA2PX: A Tool to Translate SpamAssassin Regular Expression Rules to POSIX (2009)

This paper presents a software tool sa2px to translate regular expressions (regexps) in SpamAssassin (SA) rules into the POSIX format. The translated regexps can be implemented on different platforms, so that one could better separate the composition process of spam filtering rules from the on-line operations. Sa2px is consisted of three layers of functions. The first layer is responsible for translating plugins and special formats to their equivalent basic SA formats. The second layer uses a syntax conversion approach to translate basic SA rules to the POSIX format. The third layer uses a backward grouping algorithm to group multiple regexps together so that they can be packed into a DFA table using Flex or similar tools. Overall, sa2px can translate regexps in the whole rule set (uri, body, header, rawbody and ReplaceTags plugin), and the translation rate of 1115 SA regexp rules is 84.5%. In comparison, sa-compile can translate 296 rules of 453 body rules. The translated rules are then clustered into several main groups, except for some cases in which the regexp structures led to explosive state growth. Finally, DFA tables and (action number, rule name) pairs are generated. Experimental results show that the DFA table based implementation of these translated regexps cut down 66 % of the execution time of the Perl (with sa-compile activated) based string scanning under process-level parallelization environment. 1.
Nonlinear input-normal realizations based on the differential eigenstructure of Hankel operators (2005)

This paper investigates the differential eigenstructure of Hankel operators for nonlinear systems. First, it is proven that the variational system and the Hamiltonian extension with extended input and output spaces can be interpreted as the Ga/spl circ/teaux differential and its adjoint of a dynamical input-output system, respectively. Second, the Ga/spl circ/teaux differential is utilized to clarify the main result the differential eigenstructure of the nonlinear Hankel operator which is closely related to the Hankel norm of the original system. Third, a new characterization of the nonlinear extension of Hankel singular values are given based on the differential eigenstructure. Finally, a balancing procedure to obtain a new input-normal/output-diagonal realization is derived. The results in this paper thus provide new insights to the realization and balancing theory for nonlinear systems.
Mitigation of motions of tall buildings with specific examples of recent applications (1999)

Flexible structures may experience excessive levels of vibration under the action of wind, adversely affecting serviceability and occupant comfort. To ensure the functional performance of a structure, various design modifications are possible, ranging from alternative structural systems to the utilization of passive and active control devices. This paper presents an overview of state-of-the-art measures that reduce the structural response of buildings, including a summary of recent work in aerodynamic tailoring and a discussion of auxiliary damping devices for mitigating the wind-induced motion of structures. In addition, some discussion of the application of such devices to improve structural resistance to seismic events is also presented, concluding with detailed examples of the application of auxiliary damping devices in Australia, Canada, China, Japan, and the United States.
Medium-Ring Systems. 6.<sup>1</sup> Synthesis and Isomerizations of Medium-Ring 3-Methylenecycloalkanones and 3-Methylcycloalkenones (1997)

A series of 3-methylenecycloalkanones with ring sizes 7−10 has been prepared and subjected to base-catalyzed isomerization. Equilibrium between these exocyclic isomers and the corresponding 3-methyl-2-cycloalkenones and 3-methyl-3-cycloalkenones was reached in the 7- and 8-membered rings. The presence of the β-methyl shifts these equilibria toward the Δ2 isomer in each ring relative to the unsubstituted compounds and to compounds containing electron-withdrawing groups at the β position. In the 9- and 10-membered rings, the Δ2 isomers were isomerized to the Δ3 isomers only with difficulty, and the reverse process could not be accomplished under the reaction conditions utilized. The ease of interconversion of the Δ2 and Δ3 isomers is directly related to the thermodynamic stability of planar conjugated dienes in medium ring carbocycles.
Chiral synthesis via organoboranes. 22. Selective reductions. 44. The effect of the steric requirements of the alkyl substituent in isopinocampheylalkylchloroboranes for the asymmetric reduction of representative ketones (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral synthesis via organoboranes. 22. Selective reductions. 44. The effect of the steric requirements of the alkyl substituent in isopinocampheylalkylchloroboranes for the asymmetric reduction of representative ketonesHerbert C. Brown, Morris Srebnik, and P. V. RamachandranCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 7, 1577–1583Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00268a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views413Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (928 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Measuring the impact of technology on nurse workflow: a mixed methods approach. (2012)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. April 2012. Major: Health Informatics. Advisor: Stanley M Finkelstein. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 274 pages, appendices A-Q.