gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging corneal pathology in a transgenic mouse model using nonlinear microscopy (2006)

A transgenic mouse model with a Clim [co-factor of LIM (a combination of first letters of Lin-11 (C. elegans), ISL1 (rat), and Mec-3 (C. elegans) gene names) domain proteins] gene partially blocked in the epithelial compartment of its tissues is used to establish the sensitivity of intrinsic reflectance nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) to stromal and cellular perturbations in the cornea. Our results indicate dysplasia in the squamous epithelium, irregular collagen arrays in the stroma, and a compromised posterior endothelium in the corneas of these mice. As suggested by biochemical data, the collagen alterations are likely due to collagen III synthesis and deposition during healing and remodeling of transgenic mice corneal stromas. All of the topographic features seen in NLOM images of normal and aberrant corneas are confirmed by coregistration with histological sections. In this work, we also use ratiometric redox fluorometry based on two-photon excited cellular fluorescence from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)(P)H and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to study mitochondrial energy metabolism. Employing this method, we detect higher metabolic activity in the endothelial layer of cornea compared to an epithelial layer located further away from the metabolites. The combination of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPF) with second harmonic generation (SHG) signals allows imaging to aid in understanding the relationship between alternation of specific genes and structural changes in cells and extracellular matrix.
A unified random field model based neural approach to pixel labeling problems in computer vision (1994)

In this paper, we establish a nexus between the Gibbs random field models and recurrent neural networks and present a unified neural network approach based on this to pixel labeling problems in computer vision. We also present a case study with photometric stereo problem for demonstrating the viability of the present approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of a Chimney-Ladder (Mn<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Cr<sub><i>x</i></sub>)Si<sub>γ</sub>(γ∼1.7) Solid Solution (2012)

A partially Cr-substituted solid solution of a higher manganese silicide, (Mn1-xCrx)Siγ, has been prepared by an arc-melting method and a subsequent annealing process. The compound consists of two tetragonal subsystems of [Mn1-xCrx] and [Si] with an irrational c-axis ratio, γ= cMn/cSi. According to Vegard's rule, the solubility limit of Cr is determined at x = 0.20. With increasing Cr content x from 0 to 0.20, equivalent to increasing the hole carrier concentration, the a- and cMn-axis lengths linearly increase, while the cSi-axis length gradually decreases. As expected from a valence electron counting rule, the electrical conductivity of (Mn1-xCrx)Siγ increases with increasing x from 334 S·cm-1 (x = 0) to 727 S·cm-1 (x = 0.20) at room temperature. The Cr-substituted samples undergo a microscale domain separation; the sample with a nominal composition of x = 0.20 consists of Cr-rich (x∼0.3) and Mn-rich (x∼0.1) dendritic domains with a typical size of ∼100 µm. Despite the substantial increase in electrical conductivity, the total thermal conductivity decreases with increasing x owing to a marked reduction in lattice contribution. As a consequence, the dimensionless figure-of-merit ZT increases from 0.28 (x = 0) at 800 K to 0.45 (x = 0.20) at 900 K.
Molecular Dissection of the Interaction between the Small G Proteins Rac1 and RhoA and Protein Kinase C-related Kinase 1 (PRK1) (2003)

PRK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the protein kinase C superfamily. It can be activated either by members of the Rho family of small G proteins, by proteolysis, or by interaction with lipids. Here we investigate the binding of PRK1 to RhoA and Rac1, two members of the Rho family. We demonstrate that PRK1 binds with a similar affinity to RhoA and Rac1. We present the solution structure of the second HR1 domain from the regulatory N-terminal region of PRK1, and we show that it forms an anti-parallel coiled-coil. In addition, we have used NMR to map the binding contacts of the HR1b domain with Rac1. These are compared with the contacts known to form between HR1a and RhoA. We have used mutagenesis to define the residues in Rac that are important for binding to HR1b. Surprisingly, as well as residues adjacent to Switch I, in Switch II, and in helix alpha5, it appears that the C-terminal stretch of basic amino acids in Rac is required for a high affinity interaction with HR1b.
Chelation ion chromatography as a method for trace elemental analysis in complex environmental and biological samples (1990)

The development and evaluation of a new method for the determination of trace transition and rare-earth elements based on the combination of chelation and ion chromatography are described. The new method, chelation ion chromatography (Chelation IC), uses a chelating column to concentrate and separate transition and rare-earth elements from the common alkali and alkaline-earth metals, as well as other matrix components, prior to analysis by ion chromatography. The sample fraction from the chelating column contains only the concentrated analyte ions, thus eliminating interfering matrix components from complex matrices such as seawater and digested biological, botanical, and geological materials. This combination of chelation and ion chromatography provides a technique that makes possible the determination of trace elements in complex matrices that have proven to be difficult or impossible to analyze by ion chromatography or conventional atomic spectroscopy techniques.
A case of sequential anti‐stress medication in a patient with major depression resistant to amine‐reuptake inhibitors (1999)

One of the predictive factors of treatment-resistant depression is the syndrome of relative insulin resistance, i.e. adipositas, mild hypertension and a family history of type-2 diabetes. Such a case is here reported with a good outcome to anti-stress medication, including ketoconazole and lithium.
Differential regulation of trypsinogen mRNA translation: full-length mRNA sequences encoding two oppositely charged trypsinogen isoenzymes in the dog pancreas. (1985)

In the absence of changes in functional mRNA levels, stimulation of the pancreas with caerulein, a peptide analog of cholecystokinin, has been previously shown to increase the synthesis of anionic but not cationic trypsinogen. To look for structure-function correlations, a high-yield, full-length cDNA library has been constructed from canine pancreatic poly(A)+ mRNA. Full-length clones coding for the two major trypsinogen isoenzyme forms have been identified by colony hybridization and verified by in vitro translation of hybrid-selected mRNA in the presence of microsomal membranes and an optimal redox potential. Disulfide-bonded translation products were separated and identified by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. Nucleotide sequence analysis allowed us to deduce the amino acid sequences for the anionic and cationic forms of canine trypsinogen, which contain 232 and 231 residues, respectively (77% amino acid identity), and the 15-residue amino terminal signal sequences (53% amino acid identity) associated with the two presecretory forms. Measurements of relative and absolute mRNA levels, when related to relative protein synthesis values, indicated that the translational efficiency of anionic trypsinogen mRNA exceeded that of cationic trypsinogen mRNA by 1.5- to 2.9-fold under basal conditions. Analysis of the 5' noncoding regions of trypsinogen mRNAs revealed a striking conservation of sequence (10 of 12 bases) between dog and rat anionic trypsinogen forms. This contrasted markedly with the divergence of the 5' noncoding regions observed between dog anionic and cationic trypsinogen mRNAs.
An Analysis for Change Detection of Urban Expansion Using Multispectral Image Data (2002)

It is necessary for preventing urban expansion and planing effective land using to establish a systematic urban development policy. An analysis of change detection and urban expansion has become a major national policy issue. This paper presented monitoring for effective development of the downtown area based on the change detection of urban expansion using multispectral images. MLC(Maximum Likelihood Classifier) of supervised classifier used fur change detection of urban expansion. As results, A MLC producted an average accuracy of 83.51% for six classifier scheme. Cropland category composed of in 1987 have fallen off to in 2000. But, residential, industrial and barren category was composed of about from . It shows that study area is changing over to industrial area from agricultural area.
Key set management in networked building automation systems using multiple key servers (2008)

With the integration of security critical applications into traditional building automation systems, a comprehensive security concept is mandatory. Most important, transmitted data have to be secured using cryptographic techniques. However, even if the used cryptographic algorithms are perfectly secure, the overall security highly depends on the non-disclosure of the used shared secrets. Therefore, this paper targets the management of these shared secrets and the necessary infrastructure used to manage them. Finally, to eliminate a single point of failure in this infrastructure, a redundancy concept featuring multiple key servers is presented.
Bidirectional Transmembrane Modulation of Integrin αIIbβ3 Conformations (1999)

Activation of blood platelets by physiological stimuli (e.g. thrombin, ADP) at sites of vascular injury induces inside-out signaling, resulting in a conformational change of the prototype integrin alphaIIbbeta3 from an inactive to an active state competent to bind soluble fibrinogen. Furthermore, ligand occupancy of alphaIIbbeta3 initiates outside-in signaling and additional conformational changes of the receptor, leading to the exposure of extracellular neoepitopes termed ligand-induced binding sites (LIBS), which are recognized by anti-LIBS monoclonal antibodies. To date, the mechanism of bidirectional transmembrane signaling of alphaIIbbeta3 has not been established. In this study, using our newly developed anti-LIBScyt1 monoclonal antibody, we showed that extracellular ligand binding to alphaIIbbeta3 on blood platelets induces a transmembrane conformational change in alphaIIbbeta3, thereby exposing the LIBScyt1 epitope in the alphaIIb cytoplasmic sequence between Lys994 and Asp1003. In addition, a point mutation at this site (P998A/P999A) renders alphaIIbbeta3 constitutively active to bind extracellular ligands, resulting in fibrinogen-dependent cell-cell aggregation. Taken collectively, these results demonstrated that the extracellular ligand-binding site and a cytoplasmic LIBS epitope in integrin alphaIIbbeta3 are conformationally and functionally coupled. Such bidirectional modulation of alphaIIbbeta3 conformation across the cell membrane may play a key role in inside-out and outside-in signaling via this integrin.
Independent component analysis of quaternion Gaussian vectors (2010)

This paper addresses the independent component analysis (ICA) of quaternion Gaussian vectors. Firstly, we define the properness profile of a quaternion random variable, which can be seen as the quaternion analogue of the circularity coefficients of complex vectors. The properness profile is a three-dimensional pure quaternion vector, which does not only measure the improperness degree of the quaternion random variable, but also provides the improperness distribution. Secondly, we prove that the quaternion ICA model can be identified up to the trivial scale and permutation ambiguities, and a residual quaternion mixture among the sources with rotationally equivalent properness profiles, i.e., properness profiles related by a quaternion rotation. Finally, the main results of the paper are illustrated by means of some numerical examples.
Sialic acid and sialyl‐lactose glyco‐conjugates: design, synthesis and binding assays to lectins and swine influenza H1N1 virus (2011)

The terminal parts of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) receptors α2,6- and α2,3-sialyllactoses were conjugated to an artificial carrier, named sequential oligopeptide carrier (SOC(4) ), to formulate human and avian receptor mimics, respectively. SOC(4) , formed by the tripeptide unit Lys-Aib-Gly, adopts a rigid helicoids-type conformation, which enables the conjugation of biomolecules to the Lys-N(ε) H(2) groups. By doing so, it preserves their initial conformations and functionalities of the epitopes. We report that SOC(4) -glyco-conjugate bearing two copies of the α2,6-sialyllactose is specifically recognized by the biotinylated Sambucus nigra (elderberry) bark lectin, which binds preferentially to sialic acid in an α2,6-linkage. SOC(4) -glyco-conjugate bearing two copies of the α2,3-sialyllactose was not recognized by the biotinylated Maackia amurensis lectin, despite its well-known α2,3-sialyl bond specificity. However, preliminary immune blot assays showed that H1N1 virus binds to both the SOC(4) -glyco-conjugates immobilized onto nitrocellulose membrane. It is concluded that Ac-SOC(4) [(Ac)(2) ,(3'SL-Aoa)(2) ]-NH(2) 5 and Ac-SOC(4) [(Ac)(2) ,(6'SL-Aoa)(2) ]-NH(2) 6 mimic the HA receptors. These findings could be useful for easy screening of binding and inhibition assays of virus-receptor interactions.
Time shearing optical coherence tomography for biological samples (2004)

An common path- and spectral interferometric optical coherence tomography (OCT) system which has high vibration stability and fast measurement speed is developed. A cross-sectional image of tendon of bovine taken by this OCT is shown.
Static, dynamic, and relational properties in vowel perception (1989)

The present work reviews theories and empirical findings, including results from two new experiments, that bear on the perception of English vowels, with an emphasis on the comparison of data analytic "machine recognition" approaches with results from speech perception experiments. Two major sources of variability (viz., speaker differences and consonantal context effects) are addressed from the classical perspective of overlap between vowel categories in F1 x F2 space. Various approaches to the reduction of this overlap are evaluated. Two types of speaker normalization are considered. "Intrinsic" methods based on relationships among the steady-state properties (F0, F1, F2, and F3) within individual vowel tokens are contrasted with "extrinsic" methods, involving the relationships among the formant frequencies of the entire vowel system of a single speaker. Evidence from a new experiment supports Ainsworth's (1975) conclusion [W. Ainsworth, Auditory Analysis and Perception of Speech (Academic, London, 1975)] that both types of information have a role to play in perception. The effects of consonantal context on formant overlap are also considered. A new experiment is presented that extends Lindblom and Studdert-Kennedy's finding [B. Lindblom and M. Studdert-Kennedy, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 43, 840-843 (1967)] of perceptual effects of consonantal context on vowel perception to /dVd/ and /bVb/ contexts. Finally, the role of vowel-inherent dynamic properties, including duration and diphthongization, is briefly reviewed. All of the above factors are shown to have reliable influences on vowel perception, although the relative weight of such effects and the circumstances that alter these weights remain far from clear. It is suggested that the design of more complex perceptual experiments, together with the development of quantitative pattern recognition models of human vowel perception, will be necessary to resolve these issues.
Immunohistochemical detection of macrophages and T lymphocytes in atherosclerotic lesions of cholesterol-fed rabbits. (1991)

Human atherosclerotic plaques contain significant numbers of T lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Cytokines released from activated T lymphocytes induce aberrant expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (Ia) antigens by vascular smooth muscle cells and may also regulate cell proliferation and metabolism in the vessel wall. We have analyzed the arteries of cholesterol-fed rabbits to study the sequence of lymphocyte and monocyte entry into the forming atherosclerotic lesion. Rabbits were fed 0.3% cholesterol for 1-10 weeks, and monoclonal antibodies to rabbit leukocyte differentiation antigens and Ia antigen were applied to sections of the aorta. Monocytes were already observed 1 week after initiation of cholesterol feeding, and they accumulated in the intima, where they formed the bulk of the foam cell-rich lesion. T lymphocytes also adhered to the aortic surface from 1 week onward, and also accumulated in the lesion, although in lower proportions than did monocytes. In 10-week lesions, approximately 6% of cells expressed the T-lymphocyte marker L11/135. Ia antigen expression was frequent throughout the lesion in all phases of its development, and most of the Ia-expressing cells could be identified as monocyte-derived macrophages. These data indicate that the cholesterol-fed rabbit is a useful model for studying the role of monocytes and T lymphocytes in atherosclerosis.
Optical Measurement of Rectal Microvasculature as an Adjunct to Flexible Sigmoidosocopy: Gender-Specific Implications (2010)

Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a robust, clinically validated, and widely available colorectal cancer screening technique that is currently sanctioned by major guideline organizations. Given that endoscopic visualization is generally limited to the distal third of the colon and women tend to have a proclivity for proximal lesions, the flexible sigmoidoscopy performance is markedly inferior in women than in men. Our group has shown that by using a novel light-scattering approach, we were able to detect an early increase in blood supply (EIBS) in the distal colonic mucosa, which served as a marker of field carcinogenesis and, hence, proximal neoplasia. Therefore, we sought to ascertain whether rectal EIBS would improve flexible sigmoidoscopy, especially in women. A polarization-gated spectroscopy fiber-optic probe was used to assess EIBS in the endoscopically normal rectum (n = 366). When compared with gender-matched neoplasia-free controls, females with advanced proximal neoplasia (n = 10) had a robust (60%; P = 0.002) increase in rectal mucosal oxyhemoglobin content whereas the effect size in males was less marked (33%; P = 0.052). In women, addition of rectal oxyhemoglobin tripled the sensitivity for advanced neoplasia over flexible sigmoidoscopy alone. Indeed, the performance characteristics seemed to be excellent (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 76.8%; positive predictive value, 32.6%; and negative predictive value, 100%). A variety of nonneoplastic factors were assessed and did not confound the relationship between rectal EIBS and advanced neoplasia. Therefore, using rectal EIBS in combination with flexible sigmoidoscopy mitigated the gender gap and may allow flexible sigmoidoscopy to be considered as a viable colorectal cancer screening test in women.
Interactive radial visualizations for information retrieval and management (2009)

Radial user interfaces are an increasingly popular design metaphor in the information visualization community. Nevertheless, surprisingly little effort has been made to study these techniques as a methodology in their own right. Moreover, their application has been typically limited to the simple displaying and browsing of information, rather than for specifying precise queries. Furthermore, the space constraints inherent to their elliptical shape have limited their adoption for large real-world data sets. 
This dissertation extends the current body of knowledge regarding radial visualization in three ways. First, we develop an extensive taxonomy for radial visualization, presenting a framework that will serve as a common vocabulary for future research in this area. Second, we show how radial visualization can be used not only for the passive display of information, but as an integrated system both for formulating and refining queries, and for visualizing their results. Third, we also show how our technique allows radial user interfaces to scale to arbitrarily large data sets. 
We demonstrate our method's utility and ease of use through two quantitative user studies. Moreover, our interface has been applied to several data sets, suggesting its generality across a variety of application domains.
Breast magnetic resonance imaging: kinetic curve assessment. (2013)

The time-signal intensity curve (TIC) from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCEMRI) reflects the hemodynamic features of a specific lesion. The TIC is obtained by repeated MRI scans after the injection of contrast agent; a qualified TIC usually takes 12 minutes to complete the scans. Temporal resolution is the main determinant; a higher temporal resolution means a smoother TIC.
Synthesis of thiols, sulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones (1995)

C. M. Rayner, Contemp. Org. Synth., 1995, 2, 409 DOI: 10.1039/CO9950200409
The Acidic Constituents of Degras. A New Method of Structure Elucidation<sup>1</sup> (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Acidic Constituents of Degras. A New Method of Structure Elucidation1A. W. WeitkampCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 3, 447–454Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01219a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01219a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts