gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Similarity queries in image databases (1996)

Query-by-content image database will be based on similarity, rather than on matching, where similarity is a measure that is defined and meaningful for every pair of images in the image space. Since it is the human user that, in the end, has to be satisfied with the results of the query, it is natural to base the similarity measure that we will use on the characteristics of human similarity assessment. In the first part of this paper, we review some of these characteristics and define a similarity measure based on them. Another problem that similarity-based databases will have to face is how to combine different queries into a single complex query. We present a solution based on three operators that are the analogous of the and, or, and not operators one uses in traditional databases. These operators are powerful enough to express queries of unlimited complexity, yet have a very intuitive behavior, making easy for the user to specify a query tailored to a particular need.
Malaria-Infected Mice Are Cured by Oral Administration of New Artemisinin Derivatives (2008)

In four or five chemical steps from the 1,2,4-trioxane artemisinin, a new series of 23 trioxane dimers has been prepared. Eleven of these new trioxane dimers cure malaria-infected mice via oral dosing at 3 x 30 mg/kg. The clinically used trioxane drug sodium artesunate prolonged mouse average survival to 7.2 days with this oral dose regimen. In comparison, animals receiving no drug die typically on day 6-7 postinfection. At only 3 x 10 mg/kg oral dosing, seven dimers prolong the lifetime of malaria-infected mice to days 14-17, more than double the chemotherapeutic effect of sodium artesunate. Ten new trioxane dimers at only a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg prolong mouse average survival to days 8.7-13.7, and this effect is comparable to that of the fully synthetic trioxolane drug development candidate OZ277, which is in phase II clinical trials.
V. Fast and slow extrinsic modulation of dorsal vagal complex circuits (2001)

Vago-vagal reflex circuits in the medulla are responsible for the smooth coordination of the digestive processes carried out from the oral cavity to the transverse colon. In this themes article, we concentrate mostly on electrophysiological studies concerning the extrinsic modulation of these vago-vagal reflex circuits, with a particular emphasis on two types of modulation, i.e., by "fast" classic neurotransmitters and by "slow" neuromodulators. These examples review two of the most potent modulatory processes at work within the dorsal vagal complex, which have dramatic effects on gastrointestinal function. The reader should be mindful of the fact that many more different inputs from other central nervous system (CNS) loci or circulating humoral factors add to this complex mix of modulatory inputs. It is likely that similar long-term modulations of synaptic transmission occur with other neurotransmitters and may represent an important mechanism for the integration and regulation of neuronal behavior. Of course, this fact strongly militates against the success of any single drug or approach in the treatment of motility disorders having a CNS component.
Antigen presenting cells and the immunogenetics of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. (1993)

Genetically-controlled defects in the development and function of antigen presenting cells may explain why NOD mice exhibit an impaired ability to induce tolerance and/or activate immunoregulatory T cells. These defects provide understanding for why diabetogenesis in NOD mice is so sensitive to immunomodulatory changes mediated through the environment. Although the unique MHC haplotype of NOD mice is clearly a major contributor to diabetes susceptibility, evidence for a complex interaction between MHC loci and many other polygenetic factors is reviewed.
Secure Byzantine Fault Tolerant LDAP System (2006)

LDAP is a set of protocols for accessing information directories which provides data integrity and authentication. It takes attacks on clients, Internet and benign attacks on servers into account. But the malicious attacks on servers and software errors are rarely involved. In this paper, a secure aware Byzantine fault tolerant LDAP system is proposed, which can tolerate malicious faults occurred in the servers. By using a new Byzantine-fault-tolerant algorithm, the proposed LDAP system guarantees safety and liveness properties assuming no more than f replicas are faulty while it consists of 3f+1 tightly coupled servers. For the series of optimization, the system not only provides a much higher degree of security and reliability but also is practical
Stepping ultrasonic motors for precision positioning (1993)

Piezoceramic plate vibration is converted to mechanical motion for motor applications. The bimodal motors presented here operate simultaneously with a longitudinal and a shear mode. The elliptical motion of the resonating plate contact tip, resulting from the superposition of these modes, is used to drive the rotor or linear positioning stage. Reversible linear and rotary motion motors have been developed. Stepping motion has been realised by impulse feeding. The motors with step resolution from 0.01 micron to continuous motion with 120 mm/s speed have been developed
Scrapie agent contains a hydrophobic protein. (1981)

The scrapie agent causes a degenerative nervous system disorder of sheep and goats. Considerable evidence indicates that the scrapie agent contains a protein that is necessary for infectivity [Prusiner, S. B., Groth, D. F., Cochran, S. P., Masiarz, F. R., McKinley, M. P. & Martinez, H. M. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 4883-4891], but direct demonstration of a protein moiety has been hampered by lack of sufficiently purified preparations. Employing preparations of the scrapie agent enriched 100- to 1000-fold with respect to protein, we found that digestion by proteinase K destroyed more than 99.9% of the infectivity. Diethylpyrocarbonate, which chemically modifies amino acid residues in proteins with high efficiency, also inactivated the scrapie agent in these purified preparations. Reductions of infectivity by proteinase K and diethylpyrocarbonate were not observed with less purified preparations. The agent bound to phenyl-Sepharose could not be eluted with 8.5 M ethylene glycol; however, a combination of ethylene glycol and detergents did release the agent. These observations provide good evidence for a protein and for hydrophobic domains within the scrapie agent. Whether the protein required for infectivity is the same protein responsible for the hydrophobic properties of the scrapie agent remains to be established.
Psychodynamik und Psychomorphologie am Beispiel der Nieren und des Dünndarms (2011)

Stellen wir uns vor, ein Organ erscheint zum Persönlichkeitstest, zum Vorstellungsgespräch in einem Betrieb oder einer Wohngemeinschaft. Zeigt es sich dabei nur geeignet für den Abwasch, die Buchhaltung oder für zornige Wutausbrüche? Oder erweisen sich Organe als eigensinnige Charaktere und vielschichtige Persönlichkeiten, die ein vielseitiges Sozial- wie Beziehungsleben und ein lebendig-leibhaftes Gefühls- und Seelenleben zu erkennen geben?
An integrated mask artwork analysis system (1980)

A new LSI artwork analysis and processing system, called EMAP, is described with algorithms, a database schema and applications. EMAP provides the designer with the artwork verification and processing tools which include mask artwork processing, geometrical design rule checking, connectivity analysis and electrical circuit parameter calculation. The circuit connectivity data derived from the mask artwork data is used for input to a logic simulator, a timing simulator, a circuit simulator and a circuit schematic generator.
<i>trans</i>-RuH(η-BH<sub>4</sub>)(binap)(1,2-diamine):  A Catalyst for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Simple Ketones under Base-Free Conditions (2002)

Reaction of a chiral RuCl2(diphosphine)(1,2-diamine) complex and NaBH4 forms trans-RuH(eta1-BH4)(diphosphine)(1,2-diamine) quantitatively. The TolBINAP/DPEN Ru complex has been characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis as well as NMR and IR spectra. The new Ru complexes allow for asymmetric hydrogenation of simple ketones in 2-propanol without an additional strong base. Various base-sensitive ketones are convertible to chiral alcohols in a high enantiomeric purity with a substrate/catalyst ratio of up to 100 000 under mild conditions. Configurationally unstable 2-isopropyl- and 2-methoxycyclohexanone can be kinetically resolved with a high enantiomer discrimination. This procedure overcomes the drawback of an earlier method using RuCl2(diphosphine)(diamine) and an alkaline base, which sometimes causes undesired reactions such as ester exchange, epoxy-ring opening, beta-elimination, and polymerization of ketonic substrates.
Core Stability and Its Relationship to Lower Extremity Function and Injury (2005)

Core stability may provide several benefits to the musculoskeletal system, from maintaining low back health to preventing knee ligament injury. As a result, the acquisition and maintenance of core stability is of great interest to physical therapists, athletic trainers, and musculoskeletal researchers. Core stability is the ability of the lumbopelvic hip complex to prevent buckling and to return to equilibrium after perturbation. Although static elements (bone and soft tissue) contribute to some degree, core stability is predominantly maintained by the dynamic function of muscular elements. There is a clear relationship between trunk muscle activity and lower extremity movement. Current evidence suggests that decreased core stability may predispose to injury and that appropriate training may reduce injury. Core stability can be tested using isometric, isokinetic, and isoinertial methods. Appropriate intervention may result in decreased rates of back and lower extremity injury.
Synthesis and Properties of Tetrathiafulvalene-Substituted Ferrocenes (2001)

Abstract 1-Tetrathiafulvalenylferrocene and its derivatives have been synthesized in moderate to good yields employing palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling. The oxidation potentials of the title compounds revealed enhanced donor ability of the TTF unit, whereas the donor ability of the ferrocene moiety decreased markedly. The radical-cation salts derived from 1-tetrathiafulvalenylferrocenes are semiconductors.
Roles and mechanisms of the CD38/cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose/Ca<sup>2+</sup>signaling pathway (2014)

Mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores is involved in many diverse cell functions, including: cell proliferation; differentiation; fertilization; muscle contraction; secretion of neurotransmitters, hormones and enzymes; and lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) is an endogenous Ca(2+) mobilizing nucleotide present in many cell types and species, from plants to animals. cADPR is formed by ADP-ribosyl cyclases from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The main ADP-ribosyl cyclase in mammals is CD38, a multi-functional enzyme and a type II membrane protein. It has been shown that many extracellular stimuli can induce cADPR production that leads to calcium release or influx, establishing cADPR as a second messenger. cADPR has been linked to a wide variety of cellular processes, but the molecular mechanisms regarding cADPR signaling remain elusive. The aim of this review is to summarize the CD38/cADPR/Ca(2+) signaling pathway, focusing on the recent advances involving the mechanism and physiological functions of cADPR-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization.
A Canonical Representation of Speech (2007)

It is well known that usage of an appropriate representation of the speech signal improves the performance of speech coders, recognizers, and synthesizers. In this paper we present a representation of speech that has the efficiency, in terms of being compact, similar to that of parametric modeling, but additionally has the completeness property of signal expansions. The resulting canonical representation of speech is suited for a wide range of speech processing applications and we demonstrate this through experiments related to coding and prosodic modification.
Z-Scheme Water Splitting Using Two Different Semiconductor Photocatalysts (2013)

Water splitting on illuminated semiconductors has long been studied as a potential means of converting solar energy into chemical energy in the form of H2, a clean and renewable energy carrier. Photocatalytic water splitting through two-step photoexcitation using two different semiconductor powders and a reversible donor/acceptor pair (so-called shuttle redox mediator) is one of the possible forms of artificial photosynthesis. This system was inspired by natural photosynthesis in green plants and is called the “Z-scheme”. The development of Z-scheme water splitting systems has relied on both finding a new semiconductor photocatalyst that efficiently works in the presence of a shuttle redox mediator and creating active sites to promote surface chemical reactions while suppressing backward reactions involving redox mediators. This review article describes the historical development of photocatalytic water splitting systems driven by the Z-scheme principle.
Bamboo-like Composites of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/Polyindole and Activated Carbon Cloth as Electrodes for All-Solid-State Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors (2016)

A bamboo-like nanomaterial composed of V2O5/polyindole (V2O5/PIn) decorated onto the activated carbon cloth was fabricated for supercapacitors. The PIn could effectively enhance the electronic conductivity and prevent the dissolution of vanadium. And the activation of carbon cloth with functional groups is conducive to anchoring the V2O5 and improving surface area, which results in an enhancement of electrochemical performance and leads to a high specific capacitance of 535.5 F/g. Moreover, an asymmetric flexible supercapacitor based on V2O5/PIn@activate carbon cloth and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)@activate carbon cloth exhibits a high energy density (38.7 W h/kg) at a power density of 900 W/kg and good cyclic stability (capacitance retention of 91.1% after 5000 cycles). And the prepared device is shown to power the light-emitting diode bulbs efficiently.
Fractal dimension in the analysis of medical images (1992)

The analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images and X-rays of bone is considered. Each image type is approached using a different form of fractal parameterization. For the MR images, the goal of the study is segmentation, and to this end small regions of the image are assigned a local value of fractal dimension. For the bone X-rays, rather than segmentation, the large-scale structure is parameterized by its fractal dimension. In both cases, the use of fractals leads to the classification of the parameters of interest. When applied to segmentation, this analysis yields boundary discrimination unavailable through previous methods. For the X-rays, texture changes are quantified and correlated with physical changes in the subject. In both cases, the parameterizations are robust with regard to noise present in the images, as well as to variable contrast and brightness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Challenges, Emotions, Coping, and Gains of Family Caregivers Caring for Patients With Advanced Cancer in Singapore (2016)

Caregivers require knowledge on resolving family conflicts and about communicating and enhancing closeness with the ill family member. Support from healthcare professionals is essential even if caregivers have support from family members and friends; nurses can make conscious efforts to show concern for caregivers as well as for patients.
Biomimetic Synthesis of the Flavanone Leridol, Revision of the Structure of the Natural Product (1999)

Two independent syntheses of 5-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-8-methylflavanone (1), which was supposed to be natural leridol, demonstrated that this structure assignment was wrong and that the natural flavanone leridol was indeed 5-hydroxy-8-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-6-methylflavanone (2).
Estimated Radiation Risks Potentially Associated with Full-Body CT Screening (2004)

The authors provide estimates of lifetime cancer mortality risks from both single and annual full-body CT examinations. These risk estimates are needed to assess the utility of full-body CT examinations from both an individual and a public health perspective.
Micromachining: The Fabrication of a Micromotor (1990)

Micromachining techniques were used to fabricate two versions of a small electromechanical device, a Micromotor. This structure, originally developed by a pair of graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley, then modified by a fifth year student a Rochester Institute of Technology, was formed through multiple polysilicon depositions. After an etch of approximately two hours, the rotors were shown to have released, and moved by mechanical means, however, movement was not achieved through electrical means.
Really real and virtually real: celebrating the works of Bert Flugelman (2020)

University of Wollongong Library's Wry ARTificer exhibition, featuring the work of Bert Flugelman, blended physical and virtual environments as a practical showcase of the organisation's digital capabilities. A range of technologies were utilised, including the Microsoft Hololens augmented reality platform and 3D digitisation and modelling techniques. The exhibition stimulated collaboration between diverse communities of practice, including curators, archivists, learning technologists, software developers and librarians, to deliver an exciting and innovative interpretation of Flugelman's life and work.
Computing the discrete-time 'analytic' signal via FFT (2002)

Starting with a real-valued N-point discrete-time signal, frequency-domain algorithms are provided for computing (1) the complex-valued standard N-point discrete time 'analytic' signal of the same sample rate, (2) the complex-valued decimated N/2-point discrete-time 'analytic' signal of half the original sample rate, and (3) the complex-valued interpolated NM-point discrete-time 'analytic' signal of M times the original sample rate. Special adjustment of transform end points is shown to generate proper discrete-time 'analytic' signals.
Targeting Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP) Anandamide Transporters – A Novel Strategy for Development of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Drugs (2012)

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), in particular FABP5 and FABP7, have recently been identified by us as intracellular transporters for the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA). Furthermore, animal studies by others have shown that elevated levels of endocannabinoids resulted in beneficial pharmacological effects on stress, pain and inflammation and also ameliorate the effects of drug withdrawal. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that FABP5 and FABP7 would provide excellent pharmacological targets. Thus, we performed a virtual screening of over one million compounds using DOCK and employed a novel footprint similarity scoring function to identify lead compounds with binding profiles similar to oleic acid, a natural FABP substrate. Forty-eight compounds were purchased based on their footprint similarity scores (FPS) and assayed for biological activity against purified human FABP5 employing a fluorescent displacement-binding assay. Four compounds were found to exhibit approximately 50% inhibition or greater at 10 µM, as good as or better inhibitors of FABP5 than BMS309403, a commercially available inhibitor. The most potent inhibitor, γ-truxillic acid 1-naphthyl ester (ChemDiv 8009-2334), was determined to have K(i) value of 1.19±0.01 µM. Accordingly a novel α-truxillic acid 1-naphthyl mono-ester (SB-FI-26) was synthesized and assayed for its inhibitory activity against FABP5, wherein SB-FI-26 exhibited strong binding (K(i) 0.93±0.08 µM). Additionally, we found SB-FI-26 to act as a potent anti-nociceptive agent with mild anti-inflammatory activity in mice, which strongly supports our hypothesis that the inhibition of FABPs and subsequent elevation of anandamide is a promising new approach to drug discovery. Truxillic acids and their derivatives were also shown by others to have anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects in mice and to be the active component of Chinese a herbal medicine (Incarvillea sinensis) used to treat rheumatism and pain in humans. Our results provide a likely mechanism by which these compounds exert their effects.
XXXII.—cis- and trans-Tetramethylene-(1 : 3)-dicarboxylic acids and the condensation of formaldehyde with ethylic malonate (1898)

E. Haworth and W. H. Perkin, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1898, 73, 330 DOI: 10.1039/CT8987300330
Role of Third Bodies in Friction Behavior of Diamond-like Nanocomposite Coatings Studied by<i>In Situ</i>Tribometry (2002)

The friction and wear behavior of amorphous diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) coatings (C:H:Si:0) in low speed, dry sliding contact has been investigated using a home-built in situ tribometer. Tests were performed under reciprocating sliding against sapphire and steel hemispheres in dry (∼4% RH) and moist (35 to 52% RH) air at contact stresses of 0.7 and 1.1 GPa. In situ visual observations identified how third body processes affected the friction behavior of DLN coatings. For all test conditions, a transfer film began to form on the sapphire hemisphere during the first cycle, and the coefficient of friction dropped during further buildup of the transfer film. Video analysis showed most of the sliding motion took place between the transfer film on the hemisphere and the DLN coating. This velocity accommodation mode, interfacial sliding, was responsible for steady-state friction coefficients between 0.03 and 0.05 with lower values obtained at high stress and low RH. When the transfer film broke up the friction began to spike (0.1 ≤ μ ≤ 0.5); during the spikes, shearing of third bodies also contributed to velocity accommodation, as debris attached, detached and recirculated between the hemisphere and the track. Subsequently, the friction coefficient fluctuated between low and high values due to reformation and breakup of the transfer film, respectively.
Electron Transmission and Avalanche Gain in Narrow Lead Glass Tubing (1985)

Electron drift structures have been manufactured from small diameter lead glass tubing. Baking the tubing in a reducing atmosphere produces a resistive metallic layer which can be used as a continuous voltage divider for drift field shaping. Some preliminary measurements of electron transmission through such structures were made and some modest avalanche gain within the tubing was observed. Possible applications in the suppression of photon feedback in Ring Imaging Cerenkov Counters and in improving the time resolution in positron emission tomography are discussed.