gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Idle time garbage collection scheduling (2016)

Efficient garbage collection is increasingly important in today's managed language runtime systems that demand low latency, low memory consumption, and high throughput. Garbage collection may pause the application for many milliseconds to identify live memory, free unused memory, and compact fragmented regions of memory, even when employing concurrent garbage collection. In animation-based applications that require 60 frames per second, these pause times may be observable, degrading user experience. This paper introduces idle time garbage collection scheduling to increase the responsiveness of applications by hiding expensive garbage collection operations inside of small, otherwise unused idle portions of the application's execution, resulting in smoother animations. Additionally we take advantage of idleness to reduce memory consumption while allowing higher memory use when high throughput is required. We implemented idle time garbage collection scheduling in V8, an open-source, production JavaScript virtual machine running within Chrome. We present performance results on various benchmarks running popular webpages and show that idle time garbage collection scheduling can significantly improve latency and memory consumption. Furthermore, we introduce a new metric called frame time discrepancy to quantify the quality of the user experience and precisely measure the improvements that idle time garbage collection provides for a WebGL-based game benchmark. Idle time garbage collection is shipped and enabled by default in Chrome.
Imprecision when using measuring cups to weigh out extruded dry kibbled food (2010)

Many pet cats and dogs are fed dry extruded kibbled food by measuring cup, yet the precision and accuracy of this feeding strategy is not known. Over 12 studies, we assessed precision and accuracy of weighing out food portions, of various dry kibbled foods, by measuring cup. Poor precision was noted in all studies, with intra- and inter-subject coefficients of variation ranging from 2 to 13% and 2 to 28% respectively. Variable accuracy was also noted, which ranged from an 18% under-estimate to an 80% over-estimate in portion size. No specific factors were associated with imprecision, but the degree of inaccuracy was negatively associated with portion size (R = -0.67, p = 0.022), and positively associated with the number of subjects participating in the study (R = 0.60, p = 0.048). This is the first study to document imprecision and inaccuracy of using measuring cups to estimate portions of extruded dry kibbled food. Over time, such errors could contribute to insidious weight gain in companion animals, potentially contributing to the development of obesity. Imprecision in measuring food portions could also contribute to failure of weight management programmes for obese animals.
MECHANISM OF THRESHOLD SWITCHING (1971)

The paper describes pulse measurements on threshold switches based on thin layers (∼1μ) of multicomponent chalcogenide glasses. By means of voltage reversals prior to switching and monitoring of the corresponding switching delays, it has been demonstrated that switching in these systems is not essentially a thermal process. The switching delays depend on the polarity of applied preswitching bias voltages. The results provide further evidence for a space-charge mechanism, at any rate at low temperatures (e.g., −78°C to room temperature).
Medicinal Foodstuffs. III. Sugar Beet. (1): Hypoglycemic Oleanolic Acid Oligoglycosides, Betavulgarosides I,II,III, and IV, from the Root of Beta vulgaris L.(Chenopodiaceae). (1996)

Betavulgarosides I, II, III, and IV, oleanolic acid oligoglycosides having an unique acidic substituent, were isolated from the root of Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet) together with betavulgarosides VI, VII, and VIII. The chemical structures of betavulgarosides I, II, III, IV were identified from chemical and physicochemical evidence. Betavulgarosides II, III, and IV were found to exhibit hypoglycemic activity in an oral glucose tolerance test in rats.
Adaptive nonlinear regulation: estimation from the Lyapunov equation (1992)

A stabilizing adaptive controller for a nonlinear system depending affinely on some unknown parameters is presented. It is assumed that this system is feedback stabilizable. A key feature of the method is the use of the Lyapunov equation to design the adaptive law. A result on local stability, two different conditions for global stability, and a local result where the initial conditions of the state of the system only are restricted are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The mystery machine: end-to-end performance analysis of large-scale internet services (2014)

Current debugging and optimization methods scale poorly to deal with the complexity of modern Internet services, in which a single request triggers parallel execution of numerous heterogeneous software components over a distributed set of computers. The Achilles' heel of current methods is the need for a complete and accurate model of the system under observation: producing such a model is challenging because it requires either assimilating the collective knowledge of hundreds of programmers responsible for the individual components or restricting the ways in which components interact.Fortunately, the scale of modern Internet services offers a compensating benefit: the sheer volume of requests serviced means that, even at low sampling rates, one can gather a tremendous amount of empirical performance observations and apply big data techniques to analyze those observations. In this paper, we show how one can automatically construct a model of request execution from pre-existing component logs by generating a large number of potential hypotheses about program behavior and rejecting hypotheses contradicted by the empirical observations. We also show how one can validate potential performance improvements without costly implementation effort by leveraging the variation in component behavior that arises naturally over large numbers of requests to measure the impact of optimizing individual components or changing scheduling behavior.We validate our methodology by analyzing performance traces of over 1.3 million requests to Facebook servers. We present a detailed study of the factors that affect the end-to-end latency of such requests. We also use our methodology to suggest and validate a scheduling optimization for improving Facebook request latency.
TAP prefers to transport melanoma antigenic peptides which are longer than the optimal T-cell epitope: evidence for further processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (1998)

Many melanoma epitopes are presented to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, and it is reasonable to expect that the epitopes would be good substrates for the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), as TAP plays a major role in the transport of peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for binding to MHC class I molecules. However, we have previously shown that several melanoma-associated epitopes, such as those derived from tyrosinase, gp100, MAGE-1 and MAGE-2 antigens, are in fact poor substrates for TAP. During the process of determining why these epitopes were capable of eliciting a strong CTL response, yet were poor substrates for TAP, it was observed that the epitopes possessed amino acids at their N-terminus that were deleterious for TAP binding as described for the peptide-binding motif for human TAP. We therefore postulated that the epitopes were transported by TAP as longer precursor molecules, and then trimmed in the ER to the appropriate size for presentation to T-cells. In an effort to test this hypothesis we synthesized a set of peptides, derived from the tyrosinase (YMNGTMSQV) and MAGE-1 (EADPTGHSY) epitopes, which possess N-terminal extensions of up to four amino acids. We show here that the longer peptides are indeed transported into the ER at a significantly higher level than the original epitopes. The data indicate that the longer melanoma-associated peptides are the preferred substrates for TAP, and further support the notion that peptides can be trimmed at the N-terminus in the ER during antigen processing.
Kanji-to-Hiragana conversion based on a length-constrained n-gram analysis (1999)

A common problem in speech processing is the conversion of the written form of a language to a set of phonetic symbols representing the pronunciation. In this paper, we focus on an aspect of this problem specific to the Japanese language. Written Japanese consists of a mixture of three types of symbols: Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana. We describe an algorithm for converting conventional Japanese orthography to a Hiragana-like symbol set that closely approximates the most common pronunciation of the text. The algorithm is based on two hypotheses: (1) the correct reading of a Kanji character can be determined by examining a small number of adjacent characters and (2) the number of such combinations required in a dictionary is manageable. The algorithm described here converts the input test by selecting the most probable sequence of orthographic units (n-grams) that can be concatenated to form the input text. In closed-set testing, the n-gram algorithm was shown to provide better performance than several public domain algorithms, achieving a sentence error rate of 3% on a wide range of text material. Though the focus of this paper is written Japanese, the pattern matching algorithm described here has applications to similar problems in other languages.
The Chemistry of acid derivatives (1979)

General and theoretical, H. Basch structural chemistry, G.C. Barrett thermochemistry, G. Pilcher chiroptical properties, J. Sandstrom mass spectra, L. Carlsen and H. Esgaard NMR, P.E. Hansen ESR, B.C. Gilbert et al PES, I. Koppel and M.H. Molder vibrational analysis, H.O. Desseyn and B.J. van der Veken acidity, basicity, H-bonding and complex formation, R. Zalewski syntheses and uses of isotopically labelled acid derivatives, M. Zielinski and M. Kanska the chemistry of lactones and lactams, G.V. Boyd acid derivatives as synthones, J. Hoyle vapour and gas phase reactions, K.A. Holbrook mechanistic aspects, D.P.N. and R.S. Satchell decarboxylation, F. Jordan thio derivatives, S. Katon and T. Murai hydroxamic acids, J.W. Munson amindoximes, D. Nicolaides and E. Varella ortho-acids, -esters and -amides, U. Pindur biological reactions, A.H. Mehler pharmacology and toxicology, A. Danon and Z. Ben-Zvi photochemistry, H. Suginome radiation chemistry, S. Jovanovic and L. Josimovic electrochemistry, E. Ahlberg rearrangements, M.A. Miranda lipases in chemical reactions of acid derivatives, G. Haraldsson diazocarboxylic acids and derivatives, O.M. Nefedov et al the synthesis of lactones and lactams, J.F. Wolfe and M.A. Ogliaruso.
Analytical beam propagation model for clipped focused-Gaussian beams using vector diffraction theory (2010)

Vector diffraction theory is applied to the case of focused TEM(00) Gaussian beams passing through a spatially limiting aperture in order to investigate the propagation of these clipped focused-Gaussian beams. Beam distributions at different axial distances show that a traditional M(2) propagation model cannot be used for the propagation of clipped focus-Gaussian beams. Using Luneberg's vector diffraction theory and Fresnel approximations, an analytical model for the on-axis transverse and longitudinal electric fields and intensity distributions is presented including predictions of the maximum obtainable intensity. In addition, an analytical expression is provided for the longitudinal component of the electric field of a TEM(00) mode unperturbed Gaussian beam. Experimental results are also presented and compared to the model's predictions.
Shadow Techniques for Interactive and Real-Time Applications (2003)

Shadows provide important visual cues for the relative position of objects in threedimensional space. For interactive and real-time applications, e.g. in virtual reality systems or games, the shadow computation needs to be extremely fast, usually synchronized with the displays refresh rate. Using dynamic scenes with many, movable light sources, shadow computation is therefore often the main bottleneck in a rendering system. In this thesis we will discuss this problem in detail: Originating from Williams shadow maps and Crows shadow volumes, we will present hardware accelerated shadow techniques that are able to generate shadows of high-quality while still being fast enough to be used in real-time or interactive applications. We will show algorithms for the computation of hard shadows as well as for the more complex problem of approximating soft shadows caused by area light sources.
General perfectly periodic scheduling (2002)

In a perfectly-periodic schedule, time is divided into time-slots, and each client is scheduled precisely every some predefined number of slots, called the period of that client. Periodic schedules are useful in wireless communication and other settings. The quality of a schedule is measured by the proportion between the requested and the granted periods: either the maximum over all jobs, or the average. There exist good scheduling algorithms for the average measure in the unit-length single-server model in which all jobs are one slot long, and at most one job is served in each time unit. In this paper we study the general model, where each job may have a different length, and m jobs can be served in parallel for some given m. We give a lower bound for this model which demonstrates the inherent difficulty of multiple lengths, and present a sequence of algorithms, culminating in an algorithm for the general case which is asymptotically optimal under the maximum ratio measure (and hence also the average ratio measure). The new algorithms utilize new techniques which are rather different from the known algorithms used for the unit-length model. Some of the algorithms improve on the best known bounds for the unit-length model.
Counting Your Customers the Easy Way: An Alternative to the Pareto/NBD Model (2004)

Today’s managers are very interested in predicting the future purchasing patterns of their customers, which can then serve as an input into “lifetime value” calculations. Among the models that provide such capabilities, the Pareto/NBD “counting your customers” framework proposed by Schmittlein et al. (1987) is highly regarded. However, despite the respect it has earned, it has proven to be a difficult model to implement, particularly because of computational challenges associated with parameter estimation.\nWe develop a new model, the beta-geometric/NBD (BG/NBD), which represents a slight variation in the behavioral “story” associated with the Pareto/NBD but is vastly easier to implement. We show, for instance, how its parameters can be obtained quite easily in Microsoft Excel. The two models yield very similar results in a wide variety of purchasing environments, leading us to suggest that the BG/NBD could be viewed as an attractive alternative to the Pareto/NBD in most applications.
A 250mW Full-Rate 10Gb/s Transceiver Core in 90nm CMOS Using a Tri-State Binary PD with 100ps Gated Digital Output (2007)

A full-rate 10 Gb/s transceiver core employing a tri-state binary PD with 100ps gated digital output is implemented in a 90nm CMOS process. Direct drive from the VCO is utilized to eliminate the 10GHz clock buffer current. The RX exhibits a recovered-clock jitter of 906fs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> and an input sensitivity of 5.9mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> . The TX generates a jitter of 5mUI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> . The chip consumes 250mW.
Research of a Semantic-based Approach to improve Software Component Reuse (2005)

In this paper, we propose a semantic-based approach to improve software component reuse. In the classification process, natural language processing and domain knowledge technologies are employed for program understanding down to code level, and Web services and Semantic Web technologies as well as Conceptual Graph are used to semantically describe/represent a component. In the retrieval process, a user query in natural language is translate into semantic representation formats in order to augment retrieval recall and precision by deploying the same semantic representation technologies on both the user query side and the component side.
The Bhopal disaster and its aftermath: a review (2005)

On December 3 1984, more than 40 tons of methyl isocyanate gas leaked from a pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, immediately killing at least 3,800 people and causing significant morbidity and premature death for many thousands more. The company involved in what became the worst industrial accident in history immediately tried to dissociate itself from legal responsibility. Eventually it reached a settlement with the Indian Government through mediation of that country's Supreme Court and accepted moral responsibility. It paid $470 million in compensation, a relatively small amount of based on significant underestimations of the long-term health consequences of exposure and the number of people exposed. The disaster indicated a need for enforceable international standards for environmental safety, preventative strategies to avoid similar accidents and industrial disaster preparedness. Since the disaster, India has experienced rapid industrialization. While some positive changes in government policy and behavior of a few industries have taken place, major threats to the environment from rapid and poorly regulated industrial growth remain. Widespread environmental degradation with significant adverse human health consequences continues to occur throughout India.
Design and Implementation of Highway Distress and Preventive Measures Decision Support System Based on WebGIS (2007)

A highway distress and preventive measures decision support system based on WebGIS and J2EE architecture were studied, and the key issues for the system are presented. Such issues as spatial data and attribute data organization, technology of enhancing user experience, database connection pool were investigated. The feasibility of the theories and methods were tested through the system.
Excimer laser micromachining for rapid fabrication of diffractive optical elements (1997)

We demonstrate the fabrication of binary, multilevel, and blazed diffractive structures by a fast and flexible direct-write process by using an excimer-laser-based tabletop micromachining workstation with an integrated optical surface profiler.
RNA Replication of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Takes Place at Double-Membrane Vesicles (2002)

The replication complexes (RCs) of positive-stranded RNA viruses are intimately associated with cellular membranes. To investigate membrane alterations and to characterize the RC of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), we performed biochemical and ultrastructural studies using MHV-infected cells. Biochemical fractionation showed that all 10 of the MHV gene 1 polyprotein products examined pelleted with the membrane fraction, consistent with membrane association of the RC. Furthermore, MHV gene 1 products p290, p210, and p150 and the p150 cleavage product membrane protein 1 (MP1, also called p44) were resistant to extraction with Triton X-114, indicating that they are integral membrane proteins. The ultrastructural analysis revealed double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) in the cytoplasm of MHV-infected cells. The DMVs were found either as separate entities or as small clusters of vesicles. To determine whether MHV proteins and viral RNA were associated with the DMVs, we performed immunocytochemistry electron microscopy (IEM). We found that the DMVs were labeled using an antiserum directed against proteins derived from open reading frame 1a of MHV. By electron microscopy in situ hybridization (ISH) using MHV-specific RNA probes, DMVs were highly labeled for both gene 1 and gene 7 sequences. By combined ISH and IEM, positive-stranded RNA and viral proteins localized to the same DMVs. Finally, viral RNA synthesis was detected by labeling with 5-bromouridine 5'-triphosphate. Newly synthesized viral RNA was found to be associated with the DMVs. We conclude from these data that the DMVs carry the MHV RNA replication complex and are the site of MHV RNA synthesis.
A note on commutative Baer rings (1972)

The class of commutative rings known as Baer rings was first discussed by J. Kist [4], where many interesting properties of these rings were established. Not necessarily commutative Baer rings had previously been studied by I. Kaplansky [3], and by R. Baer himself [1]. In this note we show that commutative Baer rings, which generalize Boolean rings and p -rings, satisfy the Birkhoff conditions for a variety. Next we give a set of equations characterising this variety involving + and * as binary operations, – and as unary operations, and 0 as nullary operation. Finally we describe Baer-subdirectly irreducible commutative Baer rings and state the appropriate representation theorem.
Fabrication and characterization of integrated three-dimensional linear taper on silicon-on-insulator (2009)

Fabrication and characterization of an integrated 3-D linear taper are reported, which is based on (111) silicon-on-insulator for efficient coupling between a single-mode fiber and planar photonic devices. The fabrication process involved wafer bonding, anisotropic etching, and dry etching. The 3-D taper measured 75 µm in length. The input waveguide, 5.6×5 µm2 in dimensions of the end facet, was compressed to dimensions of 0.6×1.8 µm2 of the end facet in the output waveguide. The measured average net transmission loss was 0.52 dB at the wavelength of 1.55 µm.
Correction: Urinary MicroRNA Profiling in the Nephropathy of Type 1 Diabetes (2013)

A second grant from the NIH was incorrectly omitted from the Funding statement. The grant number is {type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:DK047874,term_id:187373933,term_text:DK047874}}DK047874.
Optical molecular imaging for detection of Barrett’s-associated neoplasia (2010)

Recent advancements in the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus can be used to probe a wide range of optical properties that are altered with neoplastic progression. This review summarizes relevant changes in optical properties as well as imaging approaches that measures those changes. Wide-field imaging approaches include narrow-band imaging that measures changes in light scattering and absorption, and autofluorescence imaging that measure changes in endogenous fluorophores. High-resolution imaging approaches include optical coherence tomography, endocytoscopy, confocal microendoscopy, and high-resolution microendoscopy. These technologies, some coupled with an appropriate contrast agent, can measure differences in glandular morphology, nuclear morphology, or vascular alterations associated with neoplasia. Advances in targeted contrast agents are further discussed. Studies that have explored these technologies are highlighted; as are the advantages and limitations of each.