gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ear-canal acoustic admittance and reflectance measurements in human neonates. II. Predictions of middle-ear dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss (2003)

This report describes relationships between middle-ear measurements of acoustic admittance and energy reflectance (YR) and measurements of hearing status using visual reinforcement audiometry in a neonatal hearing-screening population. Analyses were performed on 2638 ears in which combined measurements were obtained [Norton et al., Ear Hear. 21, 348-356 (2000)]. The measurements included distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and auditory brainstem responses (ABR). Models to predict hearing status using DPOAEs, TEOAEs, or ABRs were each improved by the addition of the YR factors as interactions, in which factors were calculated using factor loadings from Keefe et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 389-406 (2003)]. This result suggests that information on middle-ear status improves the ability to predict hearing status. The YR factors were used to construct a middle-ear dysfunction test on 1027 normal-hearing ears in which DPOAE and TEOAE responses were either both present or both absent, the latter condition being viewed as indicative of middle-ear dysfunction. The middle-ear dysfunction test classified these ears with a nonparametric area (A) under the relative operating characteristic curve of A = 0.86, and classified normal-hearing ears that failed two-stage hearing-screening tests with areas A = 0.84 for DPOAE/ABR, and A = 0.81 for TEOAE/ABR tests. The middle-ear dysfunction test adequately generalized to a new sample population (A = 0.82).
Self-Mixing Interferometry With Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers (2012)

Terahertz frequency quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs) are compact sources of coherent THz radiation with potential applications that include astronomy, trace-gas sensing, and security imaging. However, the reliance on slow and incoherent thermal detectors has limited their practical use in THz systems. We demonstrate THz sensing using self-mixing (SM) interferometry, in which radiation is reflected from an object back into the QCL cavity, causing changes in the laser properties; the THz QCL thus acts simultaneously as both a source and detector. Well-established SM theory predicts a much weaker coupling in THz QCLs than in diode lasers, yielding a near-linear relationship between the phase of SM signals and the external cavity length. We demonstrate velocimetry of an oscillating reflector by monitoring SM-induced changes in the QCL drive voltage. We show that this yields data equivalent to that obtained by sensing the emitted THz power, thus allowing phase-sensitive THz-SM sensing without any external detector. We also demonstrate high-resolution SM-imaging at a round-trip distance of 21 m in air—the longest-range interferometric sensing with a THz QCL to date.
Deployment of NFV and SFC scenarios (2017)

Aquest item conte el treball original, defensat publicament amb data de 24 de febrer de 2017, aixi com una versio millorada del mateix amb data de 28 de febrer de 2017. Els canvis introduits a la segona versio son 1) correccio d'errades 2) procediment del darrer annex.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Transport Sector N2O Emissions in China (2012)

This paper aims at investigating the potential factors influencing the change of transport sector N2O emissions in China. First, the transport sector N2O emissions over the period 1985-2009 are calculated based on the presented method. Then the presented LMDI (logarithmic mean Divisia index) method is used to find the nature of the factors that influence the changes in transport sector N2O emissions. We find that: (1) Transport sector N2O emission increased from 557.09 Tt (Thousand tonnes) in 1985 to 4860.77 Tt in 2009, at an annual growth rate of 9.44%. And highways transport was the biggest N2O emitter both in 1985 and in 2009. (2) The economic activity effect and transportation modal shifting effect are found to be primarily responsible for driving transport sector N2O emissions growth over the study period. (3) The transportation intensity effect and emission coefficient effect are found to be the main drivers of the reduction of N2O emissions of transport sector in China.
Hybrid Bioinorganic Smart Membranes That Incorporate Protein-Based Molecular Switches (2002)

Polypeptide- and protein-based components have the potential to greatly enhance the functional character of hybrid organic/inorganic materials by imparting recognition, actuation, or transduction properties to these materials. In this study, we demonstrate a simple method of fabricating hybrid silica/polypeptide membranes that exhibit molecular-level control of permeability in response to an external stimulus, namely, heat. The biomolecular switches employed in this study are elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), which were genetically engineered to allow for control of molecular size and thermal response. ELPs were chosen for incorporation into silica membranes because they exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transition in aqueous solution. We demonstrate here that the LCST behavior of ELPs can be retained when they are entrapped in hydrated silica gels and that the LCST transition of these molecules can be used to toggle the permeability of hybrid membranes. Two different ELPs with different LCSTs and different molecular weights (60 and 13 kDa) were examined. They were incorporated into silica membranes using sol−gel synthesis conditions that resulted in the random encapsulation of the proteins in the silica matrixes such that significant porosity is present only upon hydrophobic collapse of the ELPs. Measurement of the permeation of solutions of poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) of various molecular weights through centrifugal and ultrafiltration membranes demonstrated that the ELPs in the hybrid membranes act as molecular switches. Below the LCSTs of the ELPs, the hybrid membranes are impermeable to all of the PEG solutions investigated, regardless of the molecular weight of the PEG; above the LCSTs, they are permeable only to those PEGs investigated with molecular weights less than 5000 Da. PEGs investigated of higher molecular weight did not permeate through the hybrid membranes. Thus, the hybrid ELP-containing membranes act as selective molecular weight cutoff filters whose permeability can be switched on and off.
Transcriptional analysis of product‐concentration driven changes in cellular programs of recombinant <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i>strains (2003)

Antisense RNA (asRNA) downregulation alters protein expression without changing the regulation of gene expression. Downregulation of primary metabolic enzymes possibly combined with overexpression of other metabolic enzymes may result in profound changes in product formation, and this may alter the large-scale transcriptional program of the cells. DNA-array based large-scale transcriptional analysis has the potential to elucidate factors that control cellular fluxes even in the absence of proteome data. These themes are explored in the study of large-scale transcriptional analysis programs and the in vivo primary-metabolism fluxes of several related recombinant C. acetobutylicum strains: C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824(pSOS95del) (plasmid control; produces high levels of butanol snd acetone), 824(pCTFB1AS) (expresses antisense RNA against CoA transferase (ctfb1-asRNA); produces very low levels of butanol and acetone), and 824(pAADB1) (expresses ctfb1-asRNA and the alcohol-aldehyde dahydrogenase gene (aad); produce high alcohol and low acetone levels). DNA-array based transcriptional analysis revealed that the large changes in product concentrations (snd notably butanol concentration) due to ctfb1-asRNA expression alone and in combination with aad overexpression resulted in dramatic changes of the cellular transcriptome. Cluster analysis and gene expression patterns of established and putative operons involved in stress response, motility, sporulation, and fatty-acid biosynthesis indicate that these simple genetic changes dramatically alter the cellular programs of C. acetobutylicum. Comparison of gene expression and flux analysis data may point to possible flux-controling steps and suggest unknown regulatory mechanisms.
Effectiveness of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Approaches for Employment of People with Severe Mental Illness (1999)

The authors review studies of (a) traditional psychiatric rehabilitation (including clubhouse programs and approaches offering an array of employment options) and (b) supported employment approaches for helping people with severe mental illness gain and maintain competitive employment. Based on the results of this review, the authors conclude that the effectiveness of traditional psychiatric rehabilitation in helping people gain competitive employment cannot be conclusively determined at this point. On the other hand, research on the effectiveness of supported employment was consistently positive. The authors recommend that further research be conducted on model definition, intermediate vocational options, interaction between client characteristics and program models, and long-term outcomes.
Analysis of an ultrasonic field attenuated by oscillating cavitation bubbles. (2001)

This paper numerically analyzes the sound pressure on an object in an ultrasonic cleaning vessel by considering the dissipation of cavitation bubbles. To clarify the effect of ultrasonic attenuation on the number of cavitation bubbles, the cavitation intensity on a brass object is measured experimentally by changing the quantity of water. Then, the analyzed sound pressure results are compared with the measured cavitation intensity results. The energy dissipation by the oscillation of bubbles is estimated by the irreversible process of heat and mass transfer. The calculation is carried out for the natural oscillation and forced oscillation of cavitation bubbles. It is found that the dissipation of thermal conduction results from the radial oscillation of bubbles by ultrasound. The sound pressure calculated by this dissipation agrees with the cavitation intensity profile estimated using experimental results from the erosion loss of aluminum foil. As the quantity of the water in the cleaning vessel is increased, the sound pressure becomes lower. This is because the amount of energy dissipation of the ultrasonic wave increases proportionally to the number of bubbles. However, when the standing wave causes resonance between the ultrasonic generator and the block, the effect of the sound pressure on the bottom of the block is not disturbed by the water volume.
Analysis of the computed torque drive method and comparison with conventional position servo for a computer-controlled manipulator (1973)

A manipulator and its control system (modeled after a Stanford design) is being developed as part of an artificial intelligence project. This development includes an analytical study of the control system software. A comparison is presented of the computed torque method and the conventional position servo. No conclusion is made as to the perference of one system over the other, as it is dependent upon the application and the results of a sampled data analysis.
Analysis of video images from a gas–liquid transfer experiment: a comparison of PCA and PARAFAC for multivariate image analysis (2003)

Abstract The use of chemical imaging is a developing area which has potential benefits for chemical systems where spatial distribution is important. Examples include processes in which homogeneity is critical, such as polymerizations, pharmaceutical powder blending and surface catalysis, and dynamic processes such as the study of diffusion rates or the transport of environmental pollutants. Whilst single images can be used to determine chemical distribution patterns at a given point in time, dynamic processes can be studied using a sequence of images measured at regular time intervals, i.e. a movie. Multivariate modeling of image data can help to provide insight into the important chemical factors present. However, many issues of how best to apply these models remain unclear, especially when the data arrays involved have four or five different dimensions (height, width, wavelength, time, experiment number, etc.). In this paper we describe the analysis of video images recorded during an experiment to investigate the uptake of CO 2 across a free air–water interface. The use of PCA and PARAFAC for the analysis of both single images and movies is described and some differences and similarities are highlighted. Some other image transformation techniques, such as chemical mapping and histograms, are found to be useful both for pretreatment of the raw data and for dimensionality reduction of the data arrays prior to further modeling. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Passive Satellite Communication (1960)

A number of communications capabilities are noted as desirable goals and the characteristics of passive satellite reflectors are cited as a means of achieving them. Goals noted are the attainment of transoceanic ranges, high communications traffic per satellite, low launching and operating costs, high reliability, simplicity of operation, and long useful life of satellites. The properties of various types of passive reflectors are discussed and the characteristics of the sphere are shown to be particularly advantageous. Passive satellite communications systems are compared with current tropospheric scatter systems and are shown to be one order of magnitude better, using power per channel per unit range as a criterion. Some attention is given to Doppler shift as it bears upon the problem of transmitter-receiver channel coordination, satellite acquisition, and tracking.
Polyethylene glycol-assisted transfection of Streptomyces protoplasts (1980)

In the presence of polyethylene glycol (concentration optimum 20%), protoplasts of appropriate Streptomyces strains could be transfected by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of five temperate phages (phi C31, VP5, R4, phi 448, and S14) belonging to four different immunity groups. Quantitation of transfection was made possible by plating the transfection mixture with excess uninfected protoplasts in soft agar overlays on protoplast regeneration medium so that plaques were easily detected. Optimum frequencies of transfection in the ranges of 10(-6)/DNA molecule and 10(-5)/viable protoplast were invariably obtained. It appeared that single DNA molecules initiated transfection events, and that the conformation of the DNA (i.e., circular or linear) was not important. Inhibition of transfection by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid suggested that divalent cations were also observed. A minor subpopulation of protoplasts appeared to be particularly sensitive to transfection (i.e., "competent") in some DNA-host combinations. In such cases the size of this subpopulation was the major limiting factor in obtaining high transfection frequencies. The same protoplast
Free Radicals and Their Involvement During Long-Term Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion (1990)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Robustness Analysis Of Music And Esprit Frequency Estimators For Sinusoidal Signals With Time-Varying Amplitude (1996)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996
Gene expression during preimplantation mouse development. (1992)

To develop a resource for the identification and isolation of genes expressed in the early mammalian embryo, large and representative cDNA libraries were constructed from unfertilized eggs, and two-cell, eight-cell, and blastocyst-stage mouse embryos. Using these libraries, we now report the first stages at which the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 beta, and interferon (IFN)-gamma are transcribed in the developing embryo and the presence of IL-7 transcripts in the unfertilized egg. Transcripts for IL-1 alpha, -2, -3, -4, or -5 were not detected at these stages. To identify novel genes expressed on activation of the embryonic genome, the egg and eight-cell stage-specific cDNA libraries were subtracted from the two-cell library, yielding a specialized cDNA library enriched for transcripts expressed at the two-cell stage. Sequence and Southern blot analysis of several of these cDNAs expressed predominantly at the two-cell stage of embryogenesis revealed them to be from novel genes, thereby providing the first molecular tools with which to approach the study of gene expression in the early mammalian embryo.
Lymphocyte proliferative responses of goats vaccinated with Brucella melitensis 16M or a delta purE201 strain (1997)

The response to a Brucella melitensis purEK deletion mutant, delta purE201 (referred to as strain 201), was compared with the response to its parental strain, 16M, in juvenile goats. Proliferative responses to gamma-irradiated bacteria were detected earlier in strain 201-infected goats. Lymphocytes from strain 16M- or 201-infected goats proliferated in response to one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated proteins of similar mass isolated from strain 16M or Brucella abortus RB51. Data from this study suggest that some antigens stimulating cell-mediated responses are conserved among Brucella species, as 201- and 16M-infected goats recognized similar proteins expressed by RB51 and 16M.
Fabrication of high fidelity, high index 3D photonic crystals using a templating approach (2009)

In this dissertation, we demonstrate the fabrication of high fidelity 3D photonic crystal through polymer template fabrication, backfilling and template removal to obtain high index inversed inorganic photonic crystals (PCs). Along the line, we study the photoresist chemistry to minimize the shrinkage, backfilling strategies for complete infiltration, and template removal at high and low temperatures to minimize crack-formation. Using multibeam interference lithography (MBIL), we fabricate diamond-like photonic structures from commercially available photoresist, SU-8, epoxy functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), and narrowly distributed poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s (PGMA). The 3D structure from PGMA shows the lowest shrinkage in the [111] direction, 18%, compared to those fabricated from the SU-8 (41%) and POSS (48%) materials under the same conditions.\nTo fabricate a photonic crystal with large and complete photonic bandgap, it often requires backfilling of high index inorganic materials into a 3D polymer template. We have studied different backfilling methods to create three different types of high index, inorganic 3D photonic crystals. Using SU-8 structures as templates, we systematically study the electrodeposition technique to create inversed 3D titania crystals. We find that 3D SU-8 template is completely infiltrated with titania sol-gel through a two-stage process: a conformal coating of a thin layer of films occurs at the early electrodeposition stage (< 60 min), followed by bottom-up deposition. After calcination at 500 oC to remove the polymer template, inversed 3D titania crystals are obtained. The optical properties of the 3D photonic crystals characterized at various processing steps matches with the simulated photonic bandgaps (PBGs) and the SEM observation, further supporting the complete filling by the wet chemistry.\nSince both PGMA and SU-8 decompose at a temperature above 400 oC, leading to the formation of defects and cracks, a highly thermal and mechanical stable template is desired for PC fabrication. We fabricate the 3D POSS structures by MBIL, which can be converted to crack-free silica-like templates over the entire sample area (~5 mm in diameter) by either thermal treatment in Ar at 500 oC or O2 plasma, and the porosity can be conveniently controlled by O2 plasma power and time. Since POSS derivatives are soluble in HF aqueous solutions, we successfully replicate the 3D porous structures into polymers, such as PGMA and poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS). We note that all the fabrication processes are conducted at room temperature, including template fabrication, infiltration and removal. Further, using 3D POSS structures as templates, here, we demonstrate the synthesis of 3D photonic crystals from silicon carbide and boron carbide, respectively, which are thermally stable above 1100 oC in Ar. These non-oxide ceramic photonic crystals are potentially useful as ultrahigh temperature thermal barrier coatings that provide thermal protection for metallic components.
Characterization of a Single-Cycle Rabies Virus-Based Vaccine Vector (2010)

Recombinant rabies virus (RV)-based vectors have demonstrated their efficacy in generating long-term, antigen-specific immune responses in murine and monkey models. However, replication-competent viral vectors pose significant safety concerns due to vector pathogenicity. RV pathogenicity is largely attributed to its glycoprotein (RV-G), which facilitates the attachment and entry of RV into host cells. We have developed a live, single-cycle RV by deletion of the G gene from an RV vaccine vector expressing HIV-1 Gag (SPBN-DeltaG-Gag). Passage of SPBN-DeltaG-Gag on cells stably expressing RV-G allowed efficient propagation of the G-deleted RV. The in vivo immunogenicity data comparing single-cycle RV to a replication-competent control (BNSP-Gag) showed lower RV-specific antibodies; however, the overall isotype profiles (IgG2a/IgG1) were similar for the two vaccine vectors. Despite this difference, mice immunized with SPBN-DeltaG-Gag and BNSP-Gag mounted similar levels of Gag-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses as measured by major histocompatibility complex class I Gag-tetramer staining, gamma interferon-enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and cytotoxic T-cell assay. Moreover, these cellular responses were maintained equally at immunization titers as low as 10(3) focus-forming units for both RV vaccine vectors. CD8(+) T-cell responses were significantly enhanced by a boost with a single-cycle RV complemented with a heterologous vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. These findings demonstrate that single-cycle RV is an effective alternative to replication-competent RV vectors for future development of vaccines for HIV-1 and other infectious diseases.
Differential expression of epithelial sodium channel subunit mRNAs in rat skin (1996)

Three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma) of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel have been recently characterized. The channel subunits have significant homologies with the Caenorhabditis elegans mec-4, mec-10 and deg-1 genes, which are involved in control of cell volume and mecanotransduction. These subunits are coexpressed at equivalent levels in the renal collecting duct and the distal colon epithelium which are high resistance sodium transporting epithelia. We have investigated whether these subunits were expressed, at the mRNA level, in transporting as well as non transporting epithelial cells of rat skin. In full-thickness abdominal skin only alpha and gamma subunit mRNAs were detected, while all three subunit mRNAs were present in sole skin, as demonstrated by RNase-protection assay. Furthermore, the level of expression of each subunit varied with the epithelial cell type as demonstrated by in situ hybridization: epidermal and follicular keratinocytes express mostly alpha and gamma subunits (while beta was low); a prevalence of beta and gamma was observed in sweat glands. Thus, it appeared that two out of the three subunit mRNAs predominated in each epithelial structure. In addition, mRNAs of the alpha, beta and gamma subunits of the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel were expressed at a higher level in large suprabasal epidermal keratinocytes (which undergo terminal differentiation) than in small proliferative basal keratinocytes.