gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase behavior and scattering of double-chain surfactants in diluted aqueous solutions (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase behavior and scattering of double-chain surfactants in diluted aqueous solutionsM. Dubois and T. ZembCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 7, 1352–1360Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00055a011https://doi.org/10.1021/la00055a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views760Altmetric-Citations177LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning of procathepsin L from the culture medium of NIH-Sape-4, an embryonic cell line of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly), and its involvement in the differentiation of imaginal discs. (1994)

A cysteine proteinase that preferentially hydrolyzes carbobenzyloxy-Phe-Arg-MCA (MCA, methylcoumaryl-7-amide) was purified from the culture medium of NIH-Sape-4 cells. The molecular mass of this enzyme was easily changed from 50 to 35 kDa, without appreciable loss of enzyme activity. From the analysis of its cDNA, this enzyme was concluded to be a procathepsin L of Sarcophaga. Only procathepsin L was found in the medium, while the mature 35-kDa cathepsin L was found exclusively in the cells, indicating that the cells have a mechanism to secrete procathepsin L selectively. An antibody against procathepsin L was found to inhibit the differentiation of imaginal discs cultured in vitro in the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone. In fact imaginal discs were shown to secrete procathepsin L into the culture medium. These results suggest that procathepsin L is an essential proteinase for differentiation of imaginal discs. Northern blotting analysis revealed that unfertilized eggs contain a significant amount of mRNA for the procathepsin L as a maternal mRNA.
Ultra-Violet: A Constraint Satisfaction Algorithm for Interactive Graphics (1998)

. Ultraviolet is a constraint satisfaction algorithm intended for use in interactive graphical applications. It is capable of solving constraints over arbitrary domains using local propagation, and inequality constraints and simultaneous linear equations over the reals. To support this, Ultraviolet is a hybrid algorithm that allows different subsolvers to be used for different parts of the constraint graph, depending on graph topology and kind of constraints. In addition, Ultraviolet and its subsolvers support plan compilation, producing efficient compiled code that can be evaluated repeatedly to resatisfy a given collection of constraints for different input values. Keywords: constraints, user interfaces, hybrid constraint satisfaction algorithms 1. Introduction Many key aspects of interactive graphical systems can be conveniently described using constraints, including layout and other kinds of geometric relations, consistency between application data and views, consistency of multi...
Cellular Localization, Oligomerization, and Membrane Association of the Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia 3A (SPG3A) Protein Atlastin (2003)

Hereditary spastic paraplegias comprise a group of clinically heterogeneous syndromes characterized by lower extremity spasticity and weakness, with distal axonal degeneration in the long ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord. The early onset hereditary spastic paraplegia SPG3A is caused by mutations in the atlastin/human guanylate-binding protein-3 gene (renamed here atlastin-1), which codes for a 64-kDa member of the dynamin/Mx/guanylate-binding protein superfamily of large GTPases. The atlastin-1 protein is localized predominantly in brain, where it is enriched in pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In cultured cortical neurons, atlastin-1 co-localized most prominently with markers of the Golgi apparatus, and immunogold electron microscopy revealed a predominant localization of atlastin-1 to the cis-Golgi. Yeast two-hybrid analyses and co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that atlastin-1 can self-associate, and gel-exclusion chromatography and chemical cross-linking studies indicated that atlastin-1 exists as an oligomer in vivo, most likely a tetramer. Membrane fractionation and protease protection assays revealed that atlastin-1 is an integral membrane protein with two predicted transmembrane domains; both the N-terminal GTP-binding and C-terminal domains are exposed to the cytoplasm. Together, these findings indicate that the SPG3A protein atlastin-1 is a multimeric integral membrane GTPase that may be involved in Golgi membrane dynamics or vesicle trafficking.
Form: an experiment in the annotation of the kinetics of gesture (2005)

The most obvious way that humans communicate is through speech, and, as such, there has been a great deal of work in Linguistics; Logic, and Computer Science aimed at understanding, formalizing, and automatically generating and analyzing all aspects of human speech. However, speech is not the only means of communication available to us; we are able to send complex and subtle messages to each other via a variety of other means as well. Gesture is another important channel for conveying intent and meaning. However, unlike the current state of research on speech, gesture research has only very coarse-level categorizations covering the types of gestures and very little in the way of fine-grained techniques for analysis. The current state of the science has gestures divided into essentially four broad categories---beat, iconic, metaphoric, and deictic---and has each gesture decomposable into only four types of constituent phases: preparation, stroke, hold and retraction. We accept this state of the field as our starting point. That is, we accept that there are at least some gestures that are classifiable as described above and that these gestures may be able to be broken down into their constituent phases. However, a coding scheme that only labels the gesture or phase as a whole runs the risk of missing important variations in meaning created by subtle changes in the components of a gesture in question. Slight differences in the make-up of a beat gesture, for example, may well express very different things concerning the mood or intention of the speaker. Accordingly, we have developed a fine-grained, gesture coding scheme---FORM---that allows annotators to exhaustively capture the constituent parts of the gestures of video-recorded speakers. In this thesis we present the FORM annotation scheme, inter-annotator-agreement studies, and the results of some hidden-Markov-model experiments using FORM. Additionally; we compare FORM to more accepted methods of automatic data gathering. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop something like a "phonetics" of gesture that will be useful for both building better HCI systems and doing fundamental scientific research into the communicative process.
Application of Photobleachable Positive Resist and Contrast Enhancement Material to KrF Excimer Laser Lithography (1989)

In this paper, we present the application of photobleachable positive deep-UV resist and contrast enhancement material (CEM) to KrF excimer laser lithography. The effects of the photobleaching characteristics of the resist and CEM on the resist pattern angles and profiles were examined and optimization of these materials was performed. High-aspect-ratio 0.5 µm-line-and-space patterns were successfully obtained by optimization of the materials. PROLITH (positive resist optical lithography model) has excellently reproduced actual pattern profiles.
Scalable One‐Step Wet‐Spinning of Graphene Fibers and Yarns from Liquid Crystalline Dispersions of Graphene Oxide: Towards Multifunctional Textiles (2013)

Abstract Key points in the formation of liquid crystalline (LC) dispersions of graphene oxide (GO) and their processability via wet‐spinning to produce long lengths of micrometer‐dimensional fibers and yarns are addressed. Based on rheological and polarized optical microscopy investigations, a rational relation between GO sheet size and polydispersity, concentration, liquid crystallinity, and spinnability is proposed, leading to an understanding of lyotropic LC behavior and fiber spinnability. The knowledge gained from the straightforward formulation of LC GO “inks” in a range of processable concentrations enables the spinning of continuous conducting, strong, and robust fibers at concentrations as low as 0.075 wt%, eliminating the need for relatively concentrated spinning dope dispersions. The dilute LC GO dispersion is proven to be suitable for fiber spinning using a number of coagulation strategies, including non‐solvent precipitation, dispersion destabilization, ionic cross‐linking, and polyelectrolyte complexation. One‐step continuous spinning of graphene fibers and yarns is introduced for the first time by in situ spinning of LC GO in basic coagulation baths (i.e., NaOH or KOH), eliminating the need for post‐treatment processes. The thermal conductivity of these graphene fibers is found to be much higher than polycrystalline graphite and other types of 3D carbon based materials.
Field test of uplink CoMP joint processing with C-RAN testbed (2012)

Uplink Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) joint processing has the potential to improve uplink capacity by joint processing the received signal from more antennas and nodes. With C-RAN architecture, centralized and coordinated baseband processing among base stations become feasible. This paper introduces LTE uplink CoMP joint processing - the principles, simulation evaluations, field testbed and test results. The field test is done with C-RAN field testbed which is built around Ericsson office in Beijing. Both the simulation evaluations and field test results show that uplink CoMP has great gain at the cell edge especially when there is interference, so it can be a good solution to improve the cell edge throughput of the LTE system.
Vision-based rov system (2000)

In order to relieve remotely operated vehicle (ROV) operators of low-level tasks such as station keeping and local navigation, a computer vision based ROV system is developed as part of this dissertation work. By exploiting the information in seafloor images, this system can perform real-time automatic station keeping, trajectory following, seafloor mosaicking and image data collecting. These are accomplished by utilizing the readily measurable spatio-temporal image gradients directly to detect and estimate the vehicle motion. The navigation drift is suppressed by registering the incoming frames with the constructed seafloor visual map, i.e. a concurrent mapping and localization (CM&L) strategy. The vision system has been implemented on a Phantom XTL ROV, and tested in ocean environment. 
Further research has been conducted to enhance the performance of the vision-based positioning system. One such enhancement is to identify and compensate for the systematic errors in the direct motion estimation algorithm. This involves the computation of second-order spatial gradients. Another direction is to incorporate the covariance information into our CM&L strategy, to take account of the errors in mapping. The strategy is implemented as a covariance-based data fusion procedure. For this purpose, a novel data fusion strategy, referred to as Extended Covariance Intersection (ECI), is proposed. This provides an estimate that is not as over-optimistic as the Kalman Filter, nor is as over-conservative as the Covariance Intersection (CI) solution. 
Finally, this dissertation also proposes a particular formulation for recovering the 3D shape of the underwater scene. It is based on the fusion of structure from motion (SFM) and shape from shading (SFS), with an underwater illumination model. In this formulation, the commonly used constant albedo assumption is relaxed to piecewise constant in the SFS computation.
PERPINDAHAN PANAS DAN MASSA PADA PENGEMBUNAN CAM PURAN METANOL-AIR-UDARA DALAM KONDENSOR TEGAK (2008)

Condensation of vapor-gas mixtures is a simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes. Theoretical studies on condensation of vapor and gas mixtures have been done extensively, but have not given satisfactory results yet. The objective of the research is to determine semi-empirical equations, which are simple and accurate enough, to be used to estimate the heat and mass transfer coefficients for methanol (J)-water(2)--air condensation. The experiment was conducted in a vertical double pipe condenser of 1.7 m length. The inner and outer pipe sizes were, respectively, 1" and 2". The mixture of vapors and gas wasflowing in annulus from the top of the condenser and cooling water was countercurrently flowing inside the tube. The experimental data consisted of flow-rates and temperatures of the cooling water, compositions and temperatures of the vapor-gas,flow-rates and temperatures of condensate, airflow-rates, and pressures of the system. Heat and mass transfer coefficients were evaluated based on the experimental data using simple mathematical models. that were developed from heat and mass balances. The relationship of the Nusselt number with the Reynolds number. Prandtl number, and gas molefractions is expressed as: \nNu=365, 6800 (l-yn)2.8423 ReO.8097 Pr1/3\nAnd the relationship between Sherwood number with Reynolds number, Schmidt number, and gas mole fraction are as follows\nSh1=25,5950(1-yn)2,,7652Reo,7851 SeI/3.\nSh2=32,7567(1-yn)3.o585ReO,9312 SeI//3.
How Protein Stability and New Functions Trade Off (2008)

Numerous studies have noted that the evolution of new enzymatic specificities is accompanied by loss of the protein's thermodynamic stability (DeltaDeltaG), thus suggesting a tradeoff between the acquisition of new enzymatic functions and stability. However, since most mutations are destabilizing (DeltaDeltaG>0), one should ask how destabilizing mutations that confer new or altered enzymatic functions relative to all other mutations are. We applied DeltaDeltaG computations by FoldX to analyze the effects of 548 mutations that arose from the directed evolution of 22 different enzymes. The stability effects, location, and type of function-altering mutations were compared to DeltaDeltaG changes arising from all possible point mutations in the same enzymes. We found that mutations that modulate enzymatic functions are mostly destabilizing (average DeltaDeltaG = +0.9 kcal/mol), and are almost as destabilizing as the "average" mutation in these enzymes (+1.3 kcal/mol). Although their stability effects are not as dramatic as in key catalytic residues, mutations that modify the substrate binding pockets, and thus mediate new enzymatic specificities, place a larger stability burden than surface mutations that underline neutral, non-adaptive evolutionary changes. How are the destabilizing effects of functional mutations balanced to enable adaptation? Our analysis also indicated that many mutations that appear in directed evolution variants with no obvious role in the new function exert stabilizing effects that may compensate for the destabilizing effects of the crucial function-altering mutations. Thus, the evolution of new enzymatic activities, both in nature and in the laboratory, is dependent on the compensatory, stabilizing effect of apparently "silent" mutations in regions of the protein that are irrelevant to its function.
Printed Circuit Boards (2005)

The printed circuit is the basic building block of the electronics hardware industry. This is a comprehensive single volume self-teaching guide to the art of printed circuit board design and fabrication -- covering the complete cycle of PCB creation, design, layout, fabrication, assembly, and testing.
Table of contents

Chapter 1: Basics
Chapter 2: Electronic Components
Chapter 3: Layout Planning & Design
Chapter 4: Design Considerations for Special Circuits
Chapter 5: Artwork Generation
Chapter 6: Copper Clad Laminates
Chapter 7: Image Transfer Techniques
Chapter 8: Plating Process
Chapter 9: Etching Techniques
Chapter 10: Mechanical Operations
Chapter 11: Flexible Printed Circuit Boards
Chapter 12: Soldering, Assembly, and Re-working Techniques
Chapter 13: Quality, Reliability, and Acceptability Aspects
Chapter 14: Environmental Concerns in the PCB Industry
The Fate of Ammonia and Mercury in the Carbon Burn-Out (CBO™) Process (2003)

Carbon Burn-Out (CBO) is a very robust system for carbon removal from fly ash. Two commercial installations are now in service; each of which processes over 200,000 tons per year. One of these has been in service since early 1999, and the other since Fall 2002. CBO processed ash is used as a replacement for Portland cement. CBO fly ash exhibits consistent quality and has gained excellent market acceptance in its market areas. Recently, questions have been raised concerning the environmental fate of ammonia and mercury in the Carbon Burn-Out system. Ammonia is not a naturally occurring material in fly ash but rather is a contaminant that results from post-combustion environmental controls. These include Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) and Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) conditioning. Use of these treatment technologies will result in fly ash contaminated with ammonia slip, which may be unmarketable depending upon the concentration. Mercury is a naturally occurring trace element found in coal. A significant portion of the mercury remains with the fly ash following combustion. During coal combustion mercury is either collected on the ash or reports to the gas phase of the combustion process. The mercury containing fly ash is then used as feedstock for the Carbon BurnOut process. Given the industry’s concerns, Progress Materials conducted investigations as to the environmental fate of ammonia and mercury in the Carbon Burn-Out system. This paper will present the results of these and ongoing investigations concerning mercury and ammonia. Submitted for consideration in the 2005 World of Coal Ash, April 11-15, 2005, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Clinically relevant optimization of 3-D conformal treatments (1992)

In this paper a method of computer-aided optimization of 3-D conformal treatment plans is presented which incorporates models to predict the clinical consequences of resulting dose distributions. Even though these models are simplistic, it is submitted that their intelligent use leads to treatment plans which indicate lower normal tissue complications and higher tumor control. Dose distribution data, biological models, and observed normal tissue and tumor response data are used to compute tumor control and normal tissue complication probabilities for each of the critical normal structures encountered in a treatment plan. These quantities are combined into a single score using an objective function which incorporates the importance of each end point as assessed by the physician. Using the "simulated annealing" method of optimization, the beam weights are adjusted to maximize the score. Additional constraints are applied to ensure consistency of the results of optimization with the judgment of the physician. These optimization methods have been applied to conformal treatment plans consisting of multiple fixed fields with conformal field shaping. The results indicate that the methods presented have considerable potential.
SINGLE PASS GAIN OF EXCIPLEX 4-MU AND RHODAMINE 6G DYE LASER AMPLIFIERS (1970)

Single pass gain has been measured in N2 laser pumped exciplex 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and rhodamine 6G dye lasers using a technique developed by Silfvast and Deech for high-gain pulsed metal vapor lasers. The gain is measured by comparing the intensities of amplified spontaneous emission in single and double cell lengths with the maximum unsaturated single-pass gain being limited by the saturation of the spontaneous emission. Maximum unsaturated gains on the order of 20 dB/cm were measured for both dyes. The gain was found to vary linearly with pump power. The technique was also used to measure the variation of gain with wavelength for a given pump power. The maximum gain for exciplex 4-MU occurred at the fluorescence peak, whereas for rhodamine 6G it was shifted to a longer wavelength due to ground-state reabsorption. By fitting the measured gain versus wavelength to the theory, it was possible to deduce the fractional excited singlet population in the rhodamine 6G solution.
On the Ratio of Evaporation to Precipitation1 (1961)

The evaporation ratio ɛ is defined as the ratio of the evaporation actually occurring under natural conditions over a given area to the precipitation falling on that area. Data drawn from a variety of sources are used to obtain simple climatological estimates of ɛ. The mean value of ɛ over all the world's land surfaces is probably near 0.65, with individual continents ranging from 0.60 for North America to 0.87 for Australia. For the United States, ɛ averages about 0.73, with local ɛ values ranging from near 1.0 in the southwestern deserts to essentially zero in the Pacific Northwest coastal slopes and in portions of Maine. A chart depicting the generalized pattern of ɛ over the United States east of the Rocky Mountains is presented.
Production of diacetyl and acetoin by lactic acid bacteria (1982)

Abstract The production of “butter aroma” compounds (diacetyl ‐ DC; acetoin ‐ AMC) by Leuconostoc sp. and Streptococcus diacetylactis was optimized in different cultural conditions. In batch cultures the productivity depended upon the medium, physiological state of strain and of temperature and time of cultivation. In milk media the production of DC did not exceed 4 mg/1 and of AMC 500 mg/1. The maximal level correlated to the early stationary growth phase of the producers. In lactose peptone medium with 1 % of sodium citrate, production of these compounds was about three times higher in comparison to media without citrate. In continuous culture DC and AMC production was high influenced by dilution rate (D). At D = 0.2 h −1 DC and AMC production was maximal, higher than in batch conditions. At D = 0.7 h −1 i.e. in the conditions of maximal productivity of biomass, DC production decreased to 60%‐80%. The improvement of aroma productivity of strains was obtained after mutation. Applying nitrosoquanidine and UV‐rays, standard mutagenic conditions and screening methods enabling to isolate active mutants we have obtained stable strains with 2‐6times higher DC and at about 50% improved AMC level. The stability of the mutants was very high for S. diacetylactis not only during their 2 years storage in liophylized state but also in standard laboratory culture conditions.