gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Highly Potent Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists via a Scaffold‐Hopping Approach (2016)

Starting from suvorexant (trade name Belsomra), we successfully identified interesting templates leading to potent dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) via a scaffold-hopping approach. Structure-activity relationship optimization allowed us not only to improve the antagonistic potency on both orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptors (Ox1 and Ox2, respectively), but also to increase metabolic stability in human liver microsomes (HLM), decrease time-dependent inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, and decrease P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated efflux. Compound 80 c [{(1S,6R)-3-(6,7-difluoroquinoxalin-2-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-8-yl}(4-methyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)methanone] is a potent and selective DORA that inhibits the stimulating effects of orexin peptides OXA and OXB at both Ox1 and Ox2. In calcium-release assays, 80 c was found to exhibit an insurmountable antagonistic profile at both Ox1 and Ox2, while displaying a sleep-promoting effect in rat and dog models, similar to that of the benchmark compound suvorexant.
Mixed-Order Ambisonics Recording and Playback for Improving Horizontal Directionality (2011)

Planar (2D) and periphonic (3D) higher-order Ambisonics (HOA) systems are widely used to reproduce spatial properties of acoustic scenarios. Mixed-order Ambisonics (MOA) systems combine the benet of higher order 2D systems, i.e. a high spatial resolution over a larger usable frequency bandwidth, with a lower order 3D system to reproduce elevated sound sources. In order to record MOA signals, the location of the microphones on a hard sphere were optimized to provide a robust MOA encoding. A detailed analysis of the encoding and decoding process showed that MOA can improve both the spatial resolution in the horizontal plane and the usable frequency bandwidth for playback as well as recording. Hence the described MOA scheme provides a promising method for improving the performance of current 3D sound reproduction systems.
Pseudobulbar affect: prevalence and management (2013)

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) may occur in association with a variety of neurological diseases, and so may be encountered in the setting of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, extrapyramidal and cerebellar disorders, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and brain tumors. The psychological consequences and the impact on social interactions may be substantial. Although it is most commonly misidentified as a mood disorder, particularly depression or a bipolar disorder, there are characteristic features that can be recognized clinically or assessed by validated scales, resulting in accurate identification of PBA, and thus permitting proper management and treatment. Mechanistically, PBA is a disinhibition syndrome in which pathways involving serotonin and glutamate are disrupted. This knowledge has permitted effective treatment for many years with antidepressants, particularly tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. A recent therapeutic breakthrough occurred with the approval by the Food and Drug Administration of a dextromethorphan/quinidine combination as being safe and effective for treatment of PBA. Side effect profiles and contraindications differ for the various treatment options, and the clinician must be familiar with these when choosing the best therapy for an individual, particularly elderly patients and those with multiple comorbidities and concomitant medications.
Expression of adiponectin and its receptors in type 1 diabetes mellitus in human and mouse retinas. (2013)

We demonstrated that APN, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 exist in human and mouse retinas and that retinal APN and AdipoR1 protein levels are elevated in T1DM mice, implying that the APN-AdipoR1 axis may be activated in the diabetic retina. In contrast, AdipoR2 appears to play a minor role in this pathological process.
An introduction to programming the Winograd Fourier transform algorithm (WFTA) (1977)

Recently, Dr. Shmuel Winograd discovered a new approach to the computation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Relative to fast Fourier transform (FFT), the Winograd Fourier transform algorithm (WFTA) significantly reduces the number of multiplication operations; it does not increase the number of addition operations in many cases. This paper introduces the new algorithm and discusses the operations comparison problem. A guide for programming is included, as are some preliminary running times.
Solvent-induced backbone fluctuations and the collective librational dynamics of lysozyme studied by terahertz spectroscopy (2010)

THz spectroscopy is used to investigate the dynamics of the globular protein hen egg white lysozyme under varying hydration and temperature conditions. An analysis of the experimental spectra has revealed that the amount of solvent in the hydration shell has a strong influence on the low-frequency protein conformational dynamics and also the arrangement of hydrogen bonds in the protein secondary structure. Furthermore at a hydration level >0.2 we identify collective backbone fluctuations in the protein secondary structure that are not present at low hydration. It is possible that these solvent induced modes are important for the biological function of the protein.
Long-term persistence of donor nuclei in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient receiving bone marrow transplantation (2002)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe progressive muscle-wasting disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Studies have shown that bone marrow cells transplanted into lethally irradiated mdx mice, the mouse model of DMD, can become part of skeletal muscle myofibers. Whether human marrow cells also have this ability is unknown. Here we report the analysis of muscle biopsies from a DMD patient (DMD-BMT1) who received bone marrow transplantation at age 1 year for X-linked severe combined immune deficiency and who was diagnosed with DMD at age 12 years. Analysis of muscle biopsies from DMD-BMT1 revealed the presence of donor nuclei within a small number of muscle myofibers (0.5-0.9%). The majority of the myofibers produce a truncated, in-frame isoform of dystrophin lacking exons 44 and 45 (not wild-type). The presence of bone marrow-derived donor nuclei in the muscle of this patient documents the ability of exogenous human bone marrow cells to fuse into skeletal muscle and persist up to 13 years after transplantation.
Evidence for rolling-circle replication in a major satellite DNA from the South American rodents of the genus Ctenomys. (1990)

A major PvuII satellite DNA has been cloned from a South American octodontid rodent of the genus Ctenomys (C. porteousi). The satellite monomer, termed RPCS, is 337 bp in size and 42% G + C. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence demonstrates that RPCS is not composed of a series of shorter repeats. RPCS-related sequences were found in 11 of 12 Ctenomys species analyzed by hybridization under high-stringency conditions. The only negative species, C. opimus, was reactive under low-stringency conditions. RPCS-related sequences were not found under high- or low-stringency conditions in Calomys musculinus and Mus musculus. However, under low-stringency conditions, RPCS-related sequences were found in the octodontid Octodontomys gliroides, which is thought to have diverged from the genus Ctenomys more than 10 Myr ago. The pattern of periodicities observed, by restriction analysis, between Ctenomys species in the satellite array can be mainly accounted for by a rolling-circle amplification mechanism but cannot be solely accounted for by unequal crossing-over.
Snapshot Processing in Streaming Environments (2006)

Computational issues related to streaming data, and in particular the monitoring and rapid correlation of multiple sources of streaming data, are becoming increasingly important in contexts ranging from business processes to crisis detection. For example, a government system to detect bioterror attacks must correlate multiple streams of possibly low-confidence data from sensors and local and national public health information networks with cues from indicators such as news and government sources indicating geographical locations, tactics and timing of possible attacks. The results of this correlation trigger appropriate responses, such as flagging information for more in-depth analysis or sending alerts to public health officials. Monitoring and correlation applications of this type are ideal for deployment on distributed computing grids, because they have high transaction throughput, require low latency, and can be partitioned into sets of small communicating computations with regular communication patterns. An important consideration in these applications is the need to ensure that, at any given time, computations are carried out on an accurate - or at least close to accurate - picture of the environment being monitored. One way of doing this, which we call snapshot processing, is to treat collections of events that occur at approximately the same time as representing a global snapshot - a valid state - of the environment. Computation on the resulting series of snapshots is much like computation on a real-time video of the entire environment. We briefly describe our model for these stream processing computations and introduce the concept of snapshot processing
Benefit Segmentation: A Decision-oriented Research Tool (1968)

According to this article, most techniques of market segmentation rely only on DESCRIPTIVE factors pertaining to purchasers and are not efficient predictors of future buyer behavior. The author proposes an approach whereby market segments are delineated first on the basis of factors with a CAUSAL relationship to future purchase behavior. The belief underlying this segmentation strategy is that the benefits which people are seeking in consuming a given product are the basic reasons for the existence of true market segments.
Optical and magnetic properties of CuO nanowires grown by thermal oxidation (2010)

ABSTRACT\nCuO nanostructures with different morphologies, such as single-crystal nanowires, nanoribbons and nanorods, have been grown by thermal oxidation of copper in the (380-900) ?C temperature range. Cathodoluminescence spectra of the nanostructures show a band peaked at 1.31 eV which is associated to near band gap transitions of CuO. Two additional bands centred at about 1.23 eV and 1.11 eV, suggested to be due to defects, are observed for nanostructures grown at high temperatures. The magnetic behaviour of nanowires with lengths in the range of several microns and diameters of (50-120) nm has been investigated. Hysteresis loops of the nanowires show ferromagnetic behaviour from 5 K to room temperature.
Delay Line Readouts for High Purity Germanium Medical Imaging Cameras (1974)

High purity germanium offers excellent potential for use in nuclear medical imaging cameras. A position and energy readout technique using two inexpensive delay lines has been developed for these cameras. Results obtained with a 1-cm2 , 4 mm deep, 5×5 strip high purity germanium detector are 2.1 mm full width spatial resolution, a measured single strip resolution of 0.65 mm full width half maximum (FWHM), a 25 element uncollimated energy resolution of 2.95 keV FWHM, and 2.65 keV FWHM for a single central element at 140 keV.
Causal diagrams for empirical research (1995)

The primary aim of this paper is to show how graphical models can be used as a mathematical language for integrating statistical and subject-matter information. In particular, the paper develops a principled, nonparametric framework for causal inference, in which diagrams are queried to determine if the assumptions available are sufficient for identifying causal effects from nonexperimental data. If so the diagrams can be queried to produce mathematical expressions for causal effects in terms of observed distributions; otherwise, the diagrams can be queried to suggest additional observations or auxiliary experiments from which the desired inferences can be obtained.
Sound Attenuation Devices for Dogs Barking (Estimation of Aperture Ratio and Experimental Study of Silencer) (2014)

This paper reports a natural ventilation silencer for an animal cage having considerable sound insertion loss. Many veterinary hospitals face a serious problem that hospitalized animals are stressed from the barks of other dogs in the hospital. To address this problem, a solution that barely affects caged dogs’ health is required. First, we estimated aperture ratio of the silencer device which was considered by physiological sustainability of dog. Next, we attempted to use a silencer with sound insertion loss by attaching it to an opening side of the cage. We constructed the tested prototype silencers by using the resonance of a rectangular room and a nonwoven fabric. We measured the acoustic characteristics of the silencers that were attached to the real scale model of the animal cage. We also measured their insertion loss by considering the estimated frequency characteristics of the dogs’ barking sound. The result shows that proposed silencers have more than 10 dB insertion loss; therefore, they can maintain respiratory environment of a caged dogs along with good visibility.
The c-kit receptor, stem cell factor, and mast cells. What each is teaching us about the others. (1993)

Many years ago, alert observers noticed among thousands of laboratory mice a few individuals that, unlike their littermates, exhibited areas of white spotting on their fur. No one could have predicted then that an effort to understand the basis for these abnormalities would ultimately contribute to the characterization of a receptor (c-kit) and a corresponding ligand (stem cell factor, SCF) that are critical not only to the migration and development of melanocytes, but also to hematopoiesis, gametogenesis, mast cell development, and, perhaps, development of the central nervous system. Nor could anyone have foretold then that this receptor and ligand would be shown to regulate the development of multiple distinct cellular lineages not only in mice, but also in humans and other primates, or that c-kit and its ligand would be found to influence the secretory function of cells bearing this receptor, as well as their development. Investigation of the effects of SCF on a single cell type, the mast cell, has produced the most complete picture of the spectrum of biological processes that can be regulated by interactions between c-kit and its ligand. This work shows that SCF critically regulates the migration and survival of mast cell precursors, promotes the proliferation of both immature and mature mast cells, enhances mast cell maturation, directly induces secretion of mast cell mediators, and can regulate the extent of mediator release in mast cells activated by IgE-dependent mechanisms. Indeed, SCF may well prove to be one of the most important of the factors influencing mast cell numbers, phenotype, and function in both health and disease. It now seems virtually certain that further studies of c-kit and SCF will produce important new insights into problems as diverse as the regulation of lineage commitment during normal hematopoiesis or the development and function of the central nervous system. And even though an effect on mast cell development was one of the last phenotypic abnormalities to be recognized in mice with mutations affecting the genes encoding c-kit or SCF, mast cells will continue to represent an important model system for analyzing the biology of c-kit and its ligand.
Silicon Compounds, Organic (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Fundamental Synthetic Routes for Organosilicon Compounds 2.1. Direct Synthesis of Organohalosilanes 2.2. Grignard Synthesis 2.3. Syntheses with Alkali Metals 2.4. Addition Reactions (Hydrosilylation) 2.5. Substitution Reactions of Si−H Bonds 2.6. Coproportionation and Disproportionation 3. Silicon‐Functional Organosilicon Compounds 3.1. Halo‐ and Pseudohalosilanes 3.2. Alkoxy‐ and Aryloxysilanes 3.3. Acyloxysilanes 3.4. Oximino‐ and Aminoxysilanes 3.4.1. (Alkylamino)alkylsilanes 3.5. Organofunctional Organosilicon Compounds 4. Vinyl and Other Alkenyl Compounds 4.1. Organohalogenated Compounds 4.2. Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds 4.3. Cyanoalkyl Compounds 4.3.1. Organic Amino Compounds 4.3.2. Other Nitrogen Compounds 4.3.3. Organosulfur Compounds 4.4. Mercapto and Sulfidic Organofunctions 4.4.1. Compounds Containing Sulfur ‐ Oxygen Groups 4.4.2. Oxygen‐Containing Compounds 4.5. Epoxy and Other Oxy Compounds 4.5.1. Acrylates and Other Ester Functions 4.5.2. Acid Anhydrides and Other Carboxy Groups 4.5.3. Other Organofunctions 4.6. Other Organosilanes 5. Tetraorganosilanes 5.1. Production 5.1. Polysilanes 5.2. Uses 6. Silylating Agents 6.1. Silanes as Protecting Groups 6.1. Organosilicon Pharmaceuticals 6.1. Silanes for Modification of Organic Polymers 6.1.1. Cross‐Linking of Polyethylene 6.1.1. Donor Silanes 6.2. Silane Coupling Agents 6.2.1. Mode of Action 6.3. Analysis 6.4. Toxicology and Environmental Aspects 7. Economic Aspects 8. References
A Serverless Real-Time Data Analytics Platform for Edge Computing (2017)

Contemporary solutions for cloud-supported, edge-data analytics mostly apply analytics techniques in a rigid bottom-up approach, regardless of the data's origin. Typically, data are generated at the edge of the infrastructure and transmitted to the cloud, where traditional data analytics techniques are applied. Currently, developers are forced to resort to ad hoc solutions specifically tailored for the available infrastructure (for example, edge devices) when designing, developing, and operating the data analytics applications. Here, a novel approach implements cloud-supported, real-time data analytics in edge-computing applications. The authors introduce their serverless edge-data analytics platform and application model and discuss their main design requirements and challenges, based on real-life healthcare use case scenarios.
Study of Mixed Micelles and Interaction Parameters for Polymeric Nonionic and Normal Surfactants (2006)

Surface tension (ST) measurements were carried out on various binary mixtures of the "normal" surfactants, such as nonionic surfactant, hexaethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether(C12EO6), and cationic surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), and polymeric copolymer, Pluronic F127, F127(PPO)-g-PVP, and F127(PEO)-g-PVP. In all cases mixed micellar aggregates were formed and critical micellar concentrations of binary mixtures containing different mole fractions of the surfactants were measured using surface tension measurement. In the region where mixed micelles are formed, the interaction of two "normal" surfactants and three "polymeric" nonionic surfactants showed synergistic behavior and the results were analyzed using a interaction parameter, beta, which characterized the interaction in the mixed micelle and introduced by a regular solution theory. The regular solution theory can be applied to describe the interaction between TTAB and C12EO6, and graft polymeric surfactants systems. The results discussed in this paper indicated that regular solution theory has broader extent of application.
High-resolution synchrotron x-ray study of the structure of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1987)

X-ray diffraction of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.8}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{y}}$ reveals two macroscopically segregated tetragonal (${\mathrm{K}}_{2}$${\mathrm{NiF}}_{4}$-type) phases of nearly identical lattice parameter. Many peaks show additional broadening upon cooling. This broadening is consistent with a spontaneous monoclinic distortion, with an onset temperature of \ensuremath{\approxeq}150 K, and is possibly relevant to the superconducting properties. Small single crystals of \ensuremath{\approxeq}70 \ensuremath{\mu}m diameter within the powder aggregate are also studied and show a similar two-phase constituency and a resolvable peak splitting at low temperature.
ASIC Design of a Noisy Gradient Descent Bit Flip Decoder for 10GBASE-T Ethernet Standard (2016)

In this paper, the NGDBF algorithm is implemented on a code that is deployed in the IEEE 802.3an Ethernet standard. The design employs a fully parallel architecture and operates in two-phases: start-up phase and decoding phase. The two phase operation keeps the high latency operations off-line, thereby reducing the decoding latency during the decoding phase. The design is bench-marked with other state-of-the-art designs on the same code that employ different algorithms and architectures. The results indicate that the NGDBF decoder has a better area efficiency and a better energy efficiency compared to other state-of-art decoders. When the design is operated in medium to high signal to noise ratios, the design is able to provide greater than the required minimum throughput of 10Gbps. The design consumes 0.81mm2 of area and has an energy efficiency of 1.7pJ/bit, which are the lowest in the reported literature. The design also provides better error performance compared to other simplified decoder implementations and consumes lesser wire-length compared to a recently proposed design.
Triene photophysics and photochemistry: previtamin D3 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriene photophysics and photochemistry: previtamin D3William G. Dauben, Paul E. Share, and Richard R. OllmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 8, 2548–2554Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00216a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00216a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views448Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts