gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of ion channels by protein tyrosine phosphorylation (2001)

Ion channels are regulated by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. Evidence for the latter process, tyrosine phosphorylation, has increased substantially since this topic was last reviewed. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary and synthesis of the literature regarding the mechanism and function of ion channel regulation by protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. Coverage includes the majority of voltage-gated, ligand-gated, and second messenger-gated channels as well as several types of channels that have not yet been cloned, including store-operated Ca2+ channels, nonselective cation channels, and epithelial Na+ and Cl- channels. Additionally, we discuss the critical roles that channel-associated scaffolding proteins may play in localizing protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases to the vicinity of ion channels.
Detecting primary receivers for cognitive radio applications (2005)

In this paper we develop a framework for competition of future operators likely to operate in a mixed commons/property-rights regime under the regulation of a spectrum policy server (SPS). The operators dynamically compete for customers as well as portions of available spectrum. The operators are charged by the SPS for the amount of bandwidth they use in their services. Through demand responsive pricing, the operators try to come up with convincing service offers for the customers, while trying to maximize their profits. We first consider a single-user system as an illustrative example. We formulate the competition between the operators as a non-cooperative game and propose an SPS-based iterative bidding scheme that results in Nash equilibrium of the game. Numerical results suggest that, competition increases the user's (customer's) acceptance probability of the offered service, while reducing the profits achieved by the operators. It is also observed that as the cost of unit bandwidth increases relative to the cost of unit infrastructure (fixed cost), the operator with superior technology (higher fixed cost) becomes more competitive. We then extend the framework to a multiuser setting where the operators are competing for a number of users at once. We propose an SPS-based bandwidth allocation scheme in which the SPS optimally allocates bandwidth portions for each user-operator session to maximize its overall expected revenue resulting from the operator payments. Comparison of the performance of this scheme to one in which the bandwidth is equally shared between the user-operator pairs reveals that such an SPS-based scheme improves the user acceptance probabilities and the bandwidth utilization in multiuser systems
Cytomegalovirus infection in critically ill patients: a systematic review (2009)

CMV infection frequently occurs in critically ill immunocompetent patients and may be associated with poor outcomes. Further studies are warranted to identify subsets of patients who are likely to develop CMV infection and to determine the impact of antiviral agents on clinically meaningful outcomes in these patients.
Black Kindreds: Parenthood and Personal Kindreds among Urban Blacks (1972)

Concern with cross cultural study of kinship and the family has recently led to some new and useful categories for kinship analysis. The most important contribution is the framework proposed by Goodenough (1970) for defining sociological parenthood. A look at what urban blacks make of the chain of parentchild connections is a special eye opener to students of the black family. This study suggests “matrifocality” is a poor predictor of the variety of domestic strategies among urban blacks, and that native perceptions of jural parenthood can clarify the basis of the formation of personal kindreds and units of kin cooperation. This research focuses on urban family organization of second generation black welfare families who have migrated along the Illinois-Central line from Mississippi to Chicago.
Opacity Pulse Propagation Measurement and Thermometry in the Evaluation of Carotid Occlusive Vascular Disease: Correlations With Angiography (1972)

A correlative study of four-vessel angiography with measurements of opacity pulse propagation times and skin temperatures over the medial supraorbital areas of the forehead was carried out in 46 patients. Differences in propagation times of greater than 12 milliseconds and/or in thermometric measurements of 1 °F or more were always associated with angiographically demonstrable carotid occlusive disease. In patients with positive angiographical findings, prolongation of pulse propagation time was associated with lower skin temperature when the latter occurred. Test results indicated abnormality in six of seven patients with bilateral carotid occlusive disease. By these methods, unilateral occlusive lesions of 30% to 50% of the vascular lumen were detected in three of five instances where such lesions occurred; occlusive lesions greater than this degree were detected in 15 of 18 patients. The tests identified as "normal" 18 of 23 patients whose four-vessel angiograms were either totally unremarkable or showed lesions compromising less than 30% of the carotid lumen. Combination of these screening tests is more useful than either test employed alone and may be helpful in clinical evaluation of patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Neural fuzzy agents that learn profiles and search databases (2002)

This paper shows how a neural fuzzy system can help learn an agent profile of a user. The fuzzy system uses if-then rules that store and compress the agent's knowledge of the user's likes and dislikes. A neural system uses training data to form and tune the rules. The profile is a preference map or a bumpy utility surface over the space of search objects. Rules define fuzzy patches that cover the bumps as learning unfolds and as the fuzzy agent system gives a finer approximation of the profile. The agent system searches for preferred objects with the learned profile and a new fuzzy measure of similarity. We derive a new supervised learning law that tunes this matching measure with new sample data. Then we test the fuzzy agent profile system on object spaces of flowers and sunsets and test the fuzzy agent matching system on an object space of sunset images.
A novel and atypical type one interferon gene expressed by trophoblast during early pregnancy. (1993)

Low stringency screening of day 14-15 pig conceptus cDNA library using an interferon (IFN)-omega probe has led to the isolation of a novel type one (type I) IFN gene physiologically expressed by trophoblast during the period of implantation in the uterus. It encodes a 170-amino acid preprotein with two potential N-glycosylation sites and a predicted N-terminal signal peptide of 21 residues. This protein was shorter and richer in Cys residues than other type I IFNs and distantly related to all of them including IFN-tau, the trophoblast IFNs of ruminants, with amino acid identities ranging between 27 and 42%. Moreover, its antiviral activity was resistant to neutralization by antisera directed against several IFN-alpha, -beta, -omega, and -tau family members. The pig genome contained only two intronless, non-allelic loci homologous to the cDNA, one of them corresponding to the cDNA. This gene had a single transcription initiation site. Its upstream putative regulatory regions had no similarity with those of other type I IFN genes and did not display the typical clustering of short sequence motifs thought to be involved in virus inducibility but, instead, a modular structure of 30-40-base pair direct repeats. These data highlight the very atypical characteristics of this gene and its product and suggest that it represents the first member of a yet unknown family of type I IFNs present in other mammalian species according to sequence divergence analysis.
Dicing Induced Damage in GaP Electroluminescent Diodes (1972)

Batch processing of electroluminescent (EL) diodes requires that the wafer be separated into individual devices before lead bonding and final packaging. This paper describes an investigation of the effects of this mechanical dicing operation on the EL characteristics of diodes. Chemical etching of the diced diode after lead bonding has been found to be essential in achieving the maximum quantum efficiency of the completed device. The etchant used is a 3:1:1 solution of , 33% , and at 60°C. The quantum efficiency is found to be dependent on the etching time with the efficiency reaching a maximum after approximately 5 min. Efficiency and current‐voltage measurements on unetched devices indicate the presence of surface leakage currents which decrease the external quantum efficiency of the completed device. Since it is believed that the presence of a damaged surface layer and its associated strain field can provide nonradiative leakage current paths, x‐ray topography has been used to detect the existence of dicing‐induced strain fields and to follow their removal as a function of etch time. X‐ray topographs have also been obtained for samples initially cut with a wire saw and a diamond saw. Etching of the completed diode effectively relieves the dicing‐induced strain field and eliminates the surface leakage paths. This results in a device with maximum quantum efficiency and with reproducible current‐voltage characteristics.
Aspectos generales de la metodología actual en la enseñanza de la Biología (2018)

En los últimos años se han puesto en práctica diversas reformas en la enseñanza media en varios países: Suecia, Reino Unido, Estados Unidos de N.A. y Francia, entro otros y las normas actuales de su pedagogía, llevan más a la formación de los alumnos que a la información misma. La idea básica de estas metodologías, es que cada país necesita hombres capaces de pensar y resolver sus propios problemas, que en última instancia son también los de la colectividad, más que hombres que memoricen hechos o leyes generales aprendidos a veces forzadamente durante su permanencia en las aulas.
Quantum jumps in a coherently driven Raman system (1988)

Early results of Agarwal and Jha [Z. Phys. B 35, 391 (1979)] are used to examine the question of quantum jumps in a Raman (\ensuremath{\Lambda}) system driven by two coherent fields. We discuss both short-time (${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}$t\ensuremath{\lesssim}1) and long-time (${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2}$t\ensuremath{\approxeq}1) behavior of the intensity correlations assuming that the Stokes transition is very weak, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\ll}${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}$. We calculate the counting statistics of the dark periods using the higher-order intensity correlations. The results differ from those obtained using arguments based on population trapping which predict only a very rare ``jump'' event. The intermittence in fluorescence produced by a coherently driven \ensuremath{\Lambda} system is interpreted in terms of an equivalent two-state Markov process.
Effect of a supplement containing primarily beta alanine, arginine, creatine malate, and glycerol monostearate on exercise-induced changes in lean mass of the arms (2008)

Methods Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design, eight healthy men (mean ± SD age, height, weight: 23.6 ± 3.0 y, 180.3 ± 6.9 cm, 81.8 ± 6.9 kg,) were randomly assigned to ingest one serving of MORPHTM, and on a separate day placebo, along with 12 ounces of water. Verification of ingredient purity and potency by an external laboratory is pending. Thirty minutes after consumption, subjects completed a standardized workout for the elbow flexors and extensors (i.e., six sets × 12–15 reps of biceps curls alternated with six sets × 12–15 reps of lying triceps extensions). Weight loads, rest periods between sets, and tempo of execution were tightly controlled from trial to trial. Body composition was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) prior to supplementation and immediately following the final set of resistance exercise. Twenty-four hours before each trial, subjects were required to refrain from exercise and follow a standardized diet. Data were analyzed via ANOVA and statistical significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05. Results Acute resistance exercise increased the lean mass (LM) of the arms in both trials (MORPHTM: +13.5%; 8807 ± 824 [baseline] to 9999 ± 954 grams [post], placebo: +7.6%; 9066 ± 813 [baseline] to 9753 ± 860 grams [post], P < 0.004), but the increase was significantly greater in MORPHTM (P < 0.003) (Figure 1). In contrast, no statistically significant interactions were noted for fat mass or systemic hemodynamics (heart rate, systolic or diastolic blood pressure).
TensorMask: A Foundation for Dense Object Segmentation (2019)

Sliding-window object detectors that generate bounding-box object predictions over a dense, regular grid have advanced rapidly and proven popular. In contrast, modern instance segmentation approaches are dominated by methods that first detect object bounding boxes, and then crop and segment these regions, as popularized by Mask R-CNN. In this work, we investigate the paradigm of dense sliding-window instance segmentation, which is surprisingly under-explored. Our core observation is that this task is fundamentally different than other dense prediction tasks such as semantic segmentation or bounding-box object detection, as the output at every spatial location is itself a geometric structure with its own spatial dimensions. To formalize this, we treat dense instance segmentation as a prediction task over 4D tensors and present a general framework called TensorMask that explicitly captures this geometry and enables novel operators on 4D tensors. We demonstrate that the tensor view leads to large gains over baselines that ignore this structure, and leads to results comparable to Mask R-CNN. These promising results suggest that TensorMask can serve as a foundation for novel advances in dense mask prediction and a more complete understanding of the task. Code will be made available.
Priming of cytotoxic T cell responses to exogenous hepatitis B virus core antigen is B cell dependent (2003)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (HBcAg) has a unique ability to bind a high frequency of naive human and murine B cells. The role of HBcAg-binding naive B cells in the immunogenicity of HBcAg is not clear. The HBcAg-binding properties of naive B cells were characterized using HBcAg particles with mutated spike region (residues 76-85) sequences. Deletion of residues 76-85 (HBcDelta76-85) destroyed naive B cell binding, whereas deletion of residues 79-85 did not. HBcAg particles with an Ile instead of the natural Ala at position 80 did not bind naive B cells, whereas reversion of Ile80-->Ala restored B cell binding. Destroying the B cell-binding ability of HBcAg had a marginal effect on the overall B cell immunogenicity of the different particles, suggesting that they were equally efficient in priming T helper cells. Therefore, the importance of HBcAg-binding B cells is studied with relation to the priming of HBcAg-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). The role of HBcAg-binding B cells in the priming of HBcAg-specific CTLs was evaluated by immunization with endogenous HBcAg (DNA immunization) and exogenous recombinant HBcAg particles. Endogenous HBcAg primed HBcAg-specific CTLs in wild-type and B cell-deficient mice, whereas exogenous HBcAg primed HBcAg-specific CTLs only in wild-type mice. Importantly, HBcDelta76-85 did not prime CTLs despite the presence of B cells. Thus, the ability of exogenous HBcAg particles to prime specific CTLs is B cell dependent, suggesting a possible role for HBcAg-binding B cells in HBV infections.
Query Optimization for XML (1999)

XML is an emerging standard for data representation and exchange on the World-Wide Web. Due to the nature of information on the Web and the inherent flexibility of XML, we expect that much of the data encoded in XML will be semistructured:the data may be irregular or incomplete, and its structure may change rapidly or unpredictably. This paper describes the query processor of Lore,aDBMS for XML-based data supporting an expressive query language. We focus primarily on Lore&apos;s cost-based query optimizer. While all of the usual problems associated with cost-based query optimization apply to XML-based query languages, a number of additional problems arise, such as new kinds of indexing, more complicated notions of database statistics, and vastly different query execution strategies for different databases. We define appropriate logical and physical query plans, database statistics, and a cost model, and we describe plan enumeration including heuristics for reducing the large search space. Our optimizer is fully implemented in Lore and preliminary performance results are reported.
Targeting triple-negative breast cancers with the Smac-mimetic birinapant (2020)

Smac mimetics target inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, thereby suppressing their function to facilitate tumor cell death. Here we have evaluated the efficacy of the preclinical Smac-mimetic compound A and the clinical lead birinapant on breast cancer cells. Both exhibited potent in vitro activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, including those from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Birinapant was further studied using in vivo PDX models of TNBC and estrogen receptor-positive (ER<sup>+</sup>) breast cancer. Birinapant exhibited single agent activity in all TNBC PDX models and augmented response to docetaxel, the latter through induction of TNF. Transcriptomic analysis of TCGA datasets revealed that genes encoding mediators of Smac-mimetic-induced cell death were expressed at higher levels in TNBC compared with ER<sup>+</sup> breast cancer, resulting in a molecular signature associated with responsiveness to Smac mimetics. In addition, the cell death complex was preferentially formed in TNBCs versus ER<sup>+</sup> cells in response to Smac mimetics. Taken together, our findings provide a rationale for prospectively selecting patients whose breast tumors contain a competent death receptor signaling pathway for the further evaluation of birinapant in the clinic.
Silicon Cations Intermixed Indium Zinc Oxide Interface for High-Performance Thin-Film Transistors Using a Solution Process (2017)

Solution-processed amorphous metal-oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) utilizing an intermixed interface between a metal-oxide semiconductor and a dielectric layer are proposed. In-depth physical characterizations are carried out to verify the existence of the intermixed interface that is inevitably formed by interdiffusion of cations originated from a thermal process. In particular, when indium zinc oxide (IZO) semiconductor and silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) dielectric layer are in contact and thermally processed, a Si<sup>4+</sup> intermixed IZO (Si/IZO) interface is created. On the basis of this concept, a high-performance Si/IZO TFT having both a field-effect mobility exceeding 10 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and a on/off current ratio over 10<sup>7</sup> is successfully demonstrated.
Raji cell assay for immune complexes. Evidence for detection of Raji-directed immunoglobulin G antibody in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (1980)

We asked whether binding of human immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody reacting with Raji cells could be distinguished from binding of IgG immune complexes. Using a standard Raji assay employing 125I-IgG goat anti-human Fc gamma, we found that digestion of Raji cells with pronase reduced by 95% their ability to bind complement-fixed aggregated human gamma globulin and complement-fixed tetanus toxoid-antitetanus toxin complexes. However, binding at 37 degrees C of IgG from the sera of 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to pronase-digested Raji cells was reduced much less consistently and extensively (9-100% reduction; mean reduction of 51%). In more detailed studies of two SLE sera, sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed that greater than 50% of the IgG binding to undigested Raji cells sedimented in the 7S region. Pepsin digestion of immunoglobulin fractions from four SLE sera caused a reduction in SLE IgG binding to undigested Raji cells when detected with 125I anti-Fc gamma, but an increase when binding was detected with 125I-anti-Fab, suggesting that substantial SLE IgG can bind through F(ab')2 regions. Binding of IgG from SLE sera was not directed at neoantigenic sites induced by pronase digestion because binding activity was adsorbed with undigested cells as readily as with digested cells. Moreover, sera from 10 SLE patients that had negative Raji assays contained no IgG that bound to pronase-digested Raji cells. We conclude that much of the IgG bound at 37 degrees C to Raji cells from the sera of many patients with SLE does not represent immune complexes but is probably antibody directed toward sites on the Raji cell.
MeshToSS: Converting Subdivision Surfaces from Dense Meshes (2001)

The theoretical aspects are discussed of our developed software, MeshToSS, for the conversion to Loop subdivision surfaces of dense triangular meshes. This software generates subdivision surfaces that approximate to their original mesh. The output is either a control mesh or its subdivided mesh applied to the Loop subdivision scheme. Our simple approach for the conversion is based on a well-known mesh simplification technique that applies a sequence of edge collapse operations. We show that this enables fast and flexible conversion to subdivision surfaces.
A Translational Research Evaluation of the Stay Active and Independent for Life (SAIL) Community-Based Fall Prevention Exercise and Education Program (2010)

Falls in older adults are the leading cause of injury hospitalizations and fatalities in the United States; primary risk factors are muscle weakness, impaired mobility, and balance deficits. This article describes the 12-month translational research evaluation of the Stay Active and Independent for Life (SAIL) community-based public health, public domain fall prevention exercise and education program. Recruitment reached the target goal by 154%; 331 adults (mean age = 74.6) attended more than one class (mean classes attended = 24.8, SD = 26.6, range = 1-120) at nine community sites in one county in the 12-month period; 173 completed health and demographic forms, 132 completed program surveys, and 91 completed baseline and follow-up physical function tests. Physical function test results showed significant improvements in strength, balance, and mobility in those who were below normal limits at baseline, and in those who attended classes twice a week or more for more than 2 months. Survey results found that 93% of respondents reported improved performance of daily activities; 92% reported improved strength, balance, fitness, or flexibility; and 80% found the SAIL information guide education component helpful.
Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide visible-light phototransistor with a polymeric light absorption layer (2010)

This work demonstrates a real-time visible-light phototransistor comprised of a wide-band-gap amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) and a narrow-band-gap polymeric capping layer. The capping layer and the IGZO layer form a p-n junction diode. The p-n junction absorbs visible light and consequently injects electrons into the IGZO layer, which in turn affects the body voltage as well as the threshold voltage of a-IGZO TFT. The hysteresis behavior due to the charges at IGZO back interface is also discussed.