gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence-programmable covalent bonding of designed DNA assemblies (2018)

Bottom-up fabrication of custom nanostructures using the methods of DNA nanotechnology has great potential for applications in many areas of science and technology. One obstacle to applications concerns the constrained environmental conditions at which DNA objects retain their structure. We present a general, site-selective, and scalable method for creating additional covalent bonds that increase the structural stability of DNA nanostructures. Placement of thymidines in close proximity within DNA nanostructures allows the rational creation of sites for covalent cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) bonds induced via ultraviolet irradiation. The additional covalent bonds may be used in a sequence-programmable fashion to link free strand termini, to bridge strand breaks at crossover sites, and to create additional interhelical connections. Thus designed multilayer DNA origami objects can remain stable at temperatures up to 90°C and in pure double-distilled water with no additional cations present. In addition, these objects show enhanced resistance against nuclease activity. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural analysis of non-cross-linked and cross-linked objects indicated that the global shape and the internal network of crossovers are preserved after irradiation. A cryo-EM map of a CPD-stabilized multilayer DNA origami object determined at physiological ionic strength reveals a substantial swelling behavior, presumably caused by repulsive electrostatic forces that, without covalent stabilization, would cause disassembly at low ionic strength. Our method opens new avenues for applications of DNA nanostructures in a wider range of conditions.
Genome-Wide Temporal Profiling of Transcriptome and Open Chromatin of Early Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Derived From hiPSCs and hESCs (2017)

Both hiPSCs and hESCs share similar transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying early cardiac differentiation, and our results have revealed transcriptional regulatory networks and new factors (eg, ZEB1) controlling early stages of cardiomyocyte differentiation.
Language-specific models in multilingual topic tracking (2004)

Topic tracking is complicated when the stories in the stream occur in multiple languages. Typically, researchers have trained only English topic models because the training stories have been provided in English. In tracking, non-English test stories are then machine translated into English to compare them with the topic models. We propose a native language hypothesis stating that comparisons would be more effective in the original language of the story. We first test and support the hypothesis for story link detection. For topic tracking the hypothesis implies that it should be preferable to build separate language-specific topic models for each language in the stream. We compare different methods of incrementally building such native language topic models.
A New Phosphorylating Reagent. V. The Preparation of α-Glycerophosphoryl Choline and Its Analogues by Means of 2-Chloromethyl-4-nitrophenyl Phosphorodichloridate (1971)

β'-Haloethyl isopropylidene-α-glycerophosphoryl 2-chloromethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphates (10 and 11) were prepared by the stepwise phosphorylations of ethylene halohydrin and 1, 2-isopropylidene-glycerol with 2-chloromethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphorodichloridate (3), a phosphorylating reagent having an "activatable" protecting group. The protecting group of 10 and 11 was readily and selectively removed by hydrolysis through an active intermediate 14 derived from the reaction of 10 and 11 with various tertiary amines to afford the corresponding isopropylidene-α-glyceryl β'-haloethylhydrogen phosphate (15) along with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl trialkyl ammonium chloride (16), a chip of the active intermediate 14. The halogen atom in the ethyl chain of the phosphate 15 reacted with tertiary amine at the same time to afford the corresponding quaternary ammonium compound 17 which was converted by subsequent hydrolysis into α-glycerophosphoryl choline (1a) and its analogues (1b-d). Thus, DL-α-glycerophosphoryl choline (1a), its L-isomer (1a-L), inner salt of β'-(DL-α-glyceryl hydrogen phosphoroxy) ethyl triethyl ammonium hydroxide (1b), 1-[β'-(DL-α-glyceryl) hydrogen phosphoroxy] ethyl 1-methyl piperidinium hydroxide (1c) and inner salt of 1-[β'-(DL-α-glyceryl) hydrogen phosphoroxy] ethyl 1, 4-diazonia bicyclo [2, 2, 2] octane hydroxide (1d) were prepared in good yield. DL-Myristoyl lecithin (18) was prepared by acylation of 1a with myristoyl chloride to confirm the structure of synthetic 1a.
Potential biomarkers of ageing (2008)

Abstract Life span in individual humans is very heterogeneous. Thus, the ageing rate, measured as the decline of functional capacity and stress resistance, is different in every individual. There have been attempts made to analyse this individual age, the so-called biological age, in comparison to chronological age. Biomarkers of ageing should help to characterise this biological age and, as age is a major risk factor in many degenerative diseases, could be subsequently used to identify individuals at high risk of developing age-associated diseases or disabilities. Markers based on oxidative stress, protein glycation, inflammation, cellular senescence and hormonal deregulation are discussed.
Design and implementation of Network CryptoGate-IP-layer security and mobility support (2002)

As the commercial use of the Internet becomes common and the demand for mobile computing through the Internet is emerging, it is necessary to construct a secure mobile environment. The paper presents an implementation example of such a system: "Network CryptoGate (NGG)", which employs the IETF/Mobile IP and the IETF/IP security on stationary security gateways (NCG servers) and mobile hosts (NCG clients). Using IP security primitives, both packets going into a corporate network and packets going out of the visiting network are securely guarded. This IP security based packet control allows transparent mobile access from anywhere on an IP network with sufficient security support by encrypting and authenticating IP packets. Currently the NCG system is implemented on BSD/OS, Solaris and Windows NT/95. Preliminary performance measurements show that the proposed NCGs IPsec and Mobile IP processings are sufficient in the current Internet environment.
Can Cognitive Radio Access to TV White Spaces Support Future Home Networks? (2010)

There is a growing demand for high data-rate mobile and indoor services at a reasonable cost, and using an indoor wireless system at end of the ADSL+ or fibre line is one potential way of meeting this demand. Industry players such as fixed-line and cellular operators have adopted similar approaches but based around different wireless technologies such as WiFi or HSPA femtocells and potentially LTE/WiMAX in the future. However due to issues related to interference in the license-exempt band and limited spectrum availability in the licensed band there are some doubts as to whether or not the available wireless options will be able to effectively distribute the high bandwidths within a home environment. With use of cognitive radio technology, the digital TV switchover program, offers a potential opportunity to address this issue. The aim of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the TV White Space(TVWS) spectrum for home networking services and compare the performance with that of other license-exempt spectral bands, namely 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz ISM band. It studies the limitations in presence of interference and identifies the operating conditions when the system performance would start to become unacceptable. Using analytical and simulation techniques, it is shown that the performance of TVWS spectral outperforms the 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz for low to medium traffic loadings (around 2 Mb/s per home) at significantly lower energy requirements. However, to achieve these gains (a) the use of spectrum aggregation techniques and (b) operation at low power levels, i.e, below 3 dBm per channel becomes essential. The work also shows that for heavy traffic loadings (6 Mb/s and above per home) in dense deployment densities, TVWS band should be used as complementary interface for congestion relief instead.
Microstructure for efficient continuous flow mixing (1999)

This paper presents a micromixer for the laminar flow regime based on the principle of flow lamination. The structure is made up from a glass/silicon/glass sandwich, has a total internal volume of ≡600 nL and measures 5 mm × 10 mm. Flow rates between 1–200 µL min–1 have successfully been used. Fluorescence quenching experiments were carried out for quantification and showed 95% mixing within 15 ms.
<title>Pulsed Plasma Source For X-Ray Lithography</title> (1981)

A compact, efficient, high-brightness pulsed plasma x-ray source has been demonstrated. The source has a conversion efficiency, from electrical input to usable x-ray energy, of greater than one percent. X rays are emitted from a cylindrical volume approximately 1 mm in diameter and 10-mm long. Various wavelengths can be obtained by the choice of appro-priate plasma materials. Submicrometer features have been replicated using x-rays in the 12 A region to expose a wafer, coated with FBM resist (~ 50X PMMA sensitivity), through a polyimide/gold x-ray mask. The exposure was made through a 25-μm-thick beryllium filter with the wafer 30 cm from the source. Twenty x-ray pulses were required to fully expose the resist. For this experiment the available electrical pulse power supply was limited to one pulse every few minutes. However, the x-ray source itself is capable of much faster pulse rates, and electrical driver technology to power the x-ray source at one or more pulses per second is within present state-of-the-art.
Synthesis of Atropine by Isolated Roots and Root-Callus Cultures of Belladonna (1957)

1. Isolated roots, root callus, and stem and leaf callus of Atropa belladonna L. were grown in vitro to determine the site of synthesis of atropine. Gautheret's medium plus various supplements were used. 2. The root callus possessed the capacity for unlimited growth in vitro and for development of an entire plant in that roots, stems, and leaves were formed. 3. Atropine in measurable amounts was obtained from the isolated roots and root callus grown in darkness, in absence of stems and leaves. The nutrient material in the medium apparently contained the necessary precursors of atropine. 4. Atropine was not detected in excised stem-and-leaf-callus tissues which had been grown in vitro for at least 4 months and which had not produced macroscopic adventitious roots. 5. The medium in which the isolated roots were grown contained 25-50 mg. of atropine which was detected chromatographically. 6. It appears that the root is the primary if not the sole site of atropine synthesis, when synthesis of atropine is considered on an organismal level, and that at least the final and most important rate-limiting steps of atropine synthesis occur in the root.
Low optical loss planar waveguides prepared in an organic–inorganic hybrid system (2000)

HfO 2 -(3-glycidoxipropil)trimethoxisilane (GPTS) planar waveguides were prepared by a sol–gel route. A stable sol of Hafnia nanocrystals was prepared and characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The suspension was incorporated in GPTS host and the resulting sol was deposited on borosilicate substrates by the spin coating technique. Optical properties such as refractive index, thickness, number of propagating modes, and attenuation coefficient were measured at 632.8, 543.5, and 1550 nm by the prism coupling technique as a function of the HfO2 content.
The effects of normalization on the correlation structure of microarray data (2005)

A long-range correlation in microarray data manifests itself in thousands of genes that are heavily correlated with a given gene in terms of the associated t-statistics. By using normalization methods it is possible to significantly reduce correlation between the t-statistics computed for different genes. Normalization procedures affect both the true correlation, stemming from gene interactions, and the spurious correlation induced by random noise. When analyzing real world biological data sets, normalization procedures are unable to completely remove correlation between the test statistics. The long-range correlation structure also persists in normalized data.
Clonal ordering of 17p and 5q allelic losses in Barrett dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. (1993)

Both 17p and 5q allelic losses appear to be involved in the pathogenesis or progression of many human solid tumors. In colon carcinogenesis, there is strong evidence that the targets of the 17p and 5q allelic losses are TP53, the gene encoding p53, and APC, respectively. It is widely accepted that 5q allelic losses precede 17p allelic losses in the progression to colonic carcinoma. The data, however, supporting this proposed order are largely based on the prevalence of 17p and 5q allelic losses in adenomas and unrelated adenocarcinomas from different patients. We investigated the order in which 17p and 5q allelic losses developed during neoplastic progression in Barrett esophagus by evaluating multiple aneuploid cell populations from the same patient. Using DNA content flow cytometric cell sorting and polymerase chain reaction, 38 aneuploid cell populations from 14 patients with Barrett esophagus who had high grade dysplasia, cancer or both were evaluated for 17p and 5q allelic losses. 17p allelic losses preceded 5q allelic losses in 7 patients, both 17p and 5q allelic losses were present in all aneuploid populations of 4 patients, and only 17p (without 5q) allelic losses were present in the aneuploid populations of 3 patients. In no patient did we find that a 5q allelic loss preceded a 17p allelic loss. Our data suggest that 17p allelic losses typically occur before 5q allelic losses during neoplastic progression in Barrett esophagus.
Acute Erythroblastic Leukemia (1989)

We report the clinical, cytological, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic findings in one patient with acute erythroblastic leukemia. Blast cells were identified by their reactivity with the early erythroid antibodies FA6-152 and carbonic anhydrase I. The leukemic blasts had no specific differentiating features identifying them as erythroblasts even at an ultrastructural level. Cytogenetic studies revealed multiple chromosome aberrations: 45,XX,i(11q),-16,-17,-21,+der(21)t(21;?)(q22;?),+mar 1.
Estimating Potential Infection Transmission Routes in Hospital Wards Using Wearable Proximity Sensors (2013)

Wearable sensors represent a novel tool for the measurement of contact patterns in hospitals. The collected data can provide information on important aspects that impact the spreading patterns of infectious diseases, such as the strong heterogeneity of contact numbers and durations across individuals, the variability in the number of contacts during a day, and the fraction of repeated contacts across days. This variability is however associated with a marked statistical stability of contact and mixing patterns across days. Our results highlight the need for such measurement efforts in order to correctly inform mathematical models of HAIs and use them to inform the design and evaluation of prevention strategies.
`Sunmist' Nectarine (1995)

Additional index words. fruit breeding, low chilling, white flesh 'Sunmist' nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] produces an attractive, high-quality, white-fleshed fruit recommended for trial where 'Sunblaze' nectarine has been grown successfully.
A new self-aligned bipolar transistor using vertical nitride mask (1985)

A new polysilicon self-aligned bipolar n-p-n transistor structure is proposed, and this device is fabricated with 2.0 um design rules, which can be used in very high speed LSI circuits. The extrinsic base contact width of this n-p-n transistor is precisely controllable below 0.3 um, and it permits this device to have very high speed characteristics, which structure is obtained using vertical nitride mask. The mask has been achieved by the anisotropic plasma etching of nitride layer. Through all the process, the emitter of this device is not damaged, therefor a high performance device is obtained. The experimental circuit of CML ring-oscillator has per-gate minimum propagation delay time of 52 ps at 0.16 mW power consumption condition.
Exploring Methods for Adequate Simulation of Sub-100nm Devices (2002)

Analysis of the current trends in the semiconductor industry suggests that a number of novel simulation methods need to be explored. Several interdisciplinary simulation tools ranging from lithography and optical proximity correction to 3D continuum and atomistic process models have been integrated into a single simulation flow. Application of this tool suite to a typical 100nm nchannel MOSFET reveals a number of 3D effects that considerably impact its performance.
Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death (2015)

Ventricular arrhythmia is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Deranged cardiac metabolism and abnormal redox state during cardiac diseases foment arrhythmogenic substrates through direct or indirect modulation of cardiac ion channel/transporter function. This review presents current evidence on the mechanisms linking metabolic derangement and excessive oxidative stress to ion channel/transporter dysfunction that predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias and SCD. Because conventional antiarrhythmic agents aiming at ion channels have proven challenging to use, targeting arrhythmogenic metabolic changes and redox imbalance may provide novel therapeutics to treat or prevent life-threatening arrhythmias and SCD.
On the selection of arithmetic unit structure in voltage overscaled soft digital signal processing (2007)

A soft digital signal processing (DSP) design paradigm has been recently proposed to reduce the energy consumption of DSP systems through voltage overscaling. This paper shows that the selection of arithmetic unit structure can be an important and non-trivial issue in soft DSP system design. We present an optimal formulation and propose sub-optimal low-complexity approximations for selecting the appropriate arithmetic unit structure in voltage overscaled signal processing systems. We further present a case study on choosing the appropriate MAC (multiply-accumulate) structure in voltage overscaled FIR (finite impulse response) filter.
[pyH]<sub>2</sub>[Cu(py)<sub>4</sub>(MX<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] (MX<sub>6</sub> = ZrF<sub>6</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup>, NbOF<sub>5</sub><sup>2-</sup>, MoO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup>; py = Pyridine):  Rarely Observed Ordering of Metal Oxide Fluoride Anions (1998)

Single crystals of [pyH](2)[Cu(py)(4)(MX(6))(2)] (MX(6) = ZrF(6)(2)(-), MoO(2)F(4)(2)(-); py = pyridine), analogous to those of the previously reported [pyH](2)[Cu(py)(4)(NbOF(5))(2)], were synthesized by reaction of the metal oxides in (HF)(x)().pyridine/pyridine/water solutions (150 degrees C, autogeneous pressure). The NbOF(5)(2)(-) and MoO(2)F(4)(2)(-) anions generally crystallize with orientational disorder masking the true coordination geometry. The combination of the two different and strongly coordinating cations tetrakis(pyridine)copper(II) and pyridinium causes the anions to adopt regular and ordered orientations. Crystal data: for [pyH](2)[Cu(py)(4)(ZrF(6))(2)], tetragonal, space group I4/mmm (No. 139), with a = 11.047(1) Å, c = 16.763(3) Å, and Z = 2; for [pyH](2)[Cu(py)(4)(MoO(2)F(4))(2)], monoclinic, space group C2/c (No. 15), with a = 19.195(4) Å, b = 11.316(3) Å, c = 18.920(5) Å, beta = 107.68(2) degrees, and Z = 4.
Molecular signature of cell cycle exit induced in human T lymphoblasts by IL-2 withdrawal (2009)

Cell cycle exit of the growth factor-deprived T lymphocytes is characterised by a signature of differentially expressed genes. A coordinate repression of a set of genes known to be induced during T cell activation is observed. However, growth arrest following exit from the cell cycle is actively controlled by several up-regulated genes that enforce the non-dividing state. The identification of genes involved in cell cycle exit and quiescence provides new hints for further studies on the molecular mechanisms regulating the non-dividing state of a cell, the mechanisms closely related to cancer development and to many biological processes.
Enantioselective total synthesis of lankacidin C (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective total synthesis of lankacidin CAndrew S. Kende, Kevin Koch, Gilbert Dorey, Istvan Kaldor, and Kun LiuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 21, 9842–9843Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00074a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00074a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views456Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Different susceptibility of osteosarcoma cell lines and primary cells to treatment with oncolytic adenovirus and doxorubicin or cisplatin (2006)

Despite improvements in treatment regimens for osteosarcoma (OS) patients, survival rate has not increased over the last two decades. New treatment modalities are therefore warranted. Preclinical results with conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) to treat OS are promising. One type of CRAd that was effective against OS cells is Ad5-Delta24RGD. In other types of cancer, CRAds have been shown to interact synergistically with chemotherapeutic agents. Chemotherapy for OS often includes doxorubicin and cisplatin. Therefore, we explored combination treatment of OS cell lines and primary OS cell cultures with Ad5-Delta24RGD and doxorubicin or cisplatin. On OS cell lines, combination treatment was additive to synergistic. Surprisingly, however, on seven of eight primary OS samples no such combination effects were observed. In contrast, in many cases chemotherapy even inhibited CRAd-mediated cell killing. The inhibitory effect of doxorubicin on Ad5-Delta24RGD in primary OS cells appeared to correlate with slow cell growth rate; reduced viral replication and absence of chemotherapy-induced G2 cell cycle arrest. Our results point to the possibility that, at least for OS, virotherapy and chemotherapy should best not be performed simultaneously. In general, our work underscores the importance of testing new genetic anticancer agents and treatment regimens on primary cancer specimens.