gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Five Structural Components of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup B (1987)

Mouse hybridomas producing antibodies against the structural proteins of strain WV4843, a subgroup B strain of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, were produced by fusion of Sp2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with purified preparations of the virus. After immunoprecipitation test with [35S]methionine-labelled extracellular virions, 35 clones found to produce antibodies against the fusion (F) protein, six against the member (M) protein, 21 against the nucleocapsid (NP) and eight against the phospho- (P) protein were further characterized. Immunoprecipitation with [3H]glucosamine-labelled intracellular virus polypeptides detected nine hybridoma cell lines producing antibodies against the large glyco- (G) protein of the virus. By competitive binding ELISA tests with monoclonal antibodies against each of the structural components, a minimum of two, 24, four, 15 and three epitopes were detected on the G, F, M, NP and P proteins, respectively. Eleven monoclonal antibodies directed against nine epitopes of the F protein could neutralize the infectivity of the virus. In contrast, none of the nine monoclonal antibodies against G could neutralize the infectivity of the virus. In order to find out more about the antigenic relationship between human and bovine RS virus strains all monoclonal antibodies were reacted with subgroup A RS virus and also with three different strains of bovine RS virus and one strain of caprine RS virus in immunofluorescence, ELISA and immunoprecipitation tests. In addition, 31 previously developed monoclonal antibodies against subgroup A virus were reacted with the bovine and caprine strains. The numbers of monoclonal antibodies of subgroup B specific for the B type of the two human subgroups were 9/9, 3/35, 0/6, 0/21, 0/8, for the G, F, M, NP and P proteins, respectively. No antigenic variations were found between the three bovine strains and the caprine strain. They did not react with the nine monoclonal antibodies against the G protein of subgroup B, nor did they react with nine monoclonal antibodies against subgroup A. Most but not all of the monoclonal antibodies against the other structural proteins of the two human RS virus subgroups reacted with the four strains. All 11 monoclonal antibodies against the F protein of subgroup B that could neutralize the infectivity of subgroup B also reacted with the bovine strains and neutralized their infectivity. It is concluded that although the bovine strains share many epitopes with the two human subgroups, they are antigenically distinct from the human viruses.
New homogeneous rhodium catalysts for the regioselective hydroboration of alkenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew homogeneous rhodium catalysts for the regioselective hydroboration of alkenesStephen A. Westcott, Henk P. Blom, Todd B. Marder, and R. Thomas BakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 23, 8863–8869Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00049a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00049a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1880Altmetric-Citations170LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
IL-12 is both required and prognostic in vivo for T helper type 1 differentiation in murine candidiasis. (1994)

In murine models of systemic candidiasis, healing and nonhealing patterns of disease are associated with preferential expansion of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. As previous studies have shown IL-12 to be expressed transcriptionally in healer mice and to be required for Th1 development in vitro, this cytokine might play a role in Candida-driven Th1 cell differentiation in vivo. In the present study, IL-12-neutralizing Abs or recombinant IL-12 were administered to mice with healing or progressive candidiasis, respectively, and the animals were monitored for mortality, resistance to reinfection, serum levels of specific Abs, and IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 message/protein expression by CD4+ cells. In self-limiting infection by a yeast vaccine strain, neutralization of IL-12 ablated development of acquired anticandidal resistance and led to appearance of Candida-specific IgE and IL-4-producing cells. In mice with progressive systemic disease as well as in a mucosal infection model, administration of IL-12 did not result in therapeutic activity under conditions of yeast infection that would instead be resolved by serologic ablation of IL-4 or IL-10. Yet, in systemically infected mice cured by anti-IL-4 or anti-IL-10 therapy, the emergence of a Th1 response correlated with the detection of high levels of circulating IL-12 and splenic IL-12 transcripts. Although exogenous IL-12 may not be sufficient for Th conversion in the presence of an overwhelming IL-4/IL-10 response, endogenous production of IL-12 may be both required and prognostic for Th1 differentiation in vivo.
MBus: A System Integration Bus for the Modular Microscale Computing Class (2016)

I/O has become the limiting factor in scaling down size and power toward the goal of invisible computing. Achieving this goal will require composing optimized and specialized--yet reusable--components with an interconnect that permits tiny, ultra-low-power systems. In contrast to today's interconnects, which are limited by power-hungry pull-ups or high-overhead chip select lines, the authors' approach operates at lower power, with a fixed pin count, using fully synthesizable logic, and with surprisingly low-protocol overhead. The authors present MBus, a new four-pin, 22.6 pJ/bit/chip chip-to-chip interconnect made of two "shoot-through" rings. MBus facilitates ultra-low-power system operation by automatically power gating each chip in the system, easing the integration of active and inactive circuits. In addition, they introduce power-oblivious communication, which guarantees message reception even if the recipient is inactive. This disentangles power management from communication, greatly simplifying the creation of viable, modular, and heterogeneous systems that draw nanowatts.
Nafion/ORMOSIL Hybrids via <i>in Situ</i> Sol−Gel Reactions. 3. Pyrene Fluorescence Probe Investigations of Nanoscale Environment (1997)

Pyrene (Py) photophysical probes were used to interrogate structural diversity within [1] Nafion/[silicon oxide] and [2] Nafion/[ORMOSIL] hybrids. The interior of the silicon oxide phase in [1] has the most polar environment wherein Py is trapped in silicon oxide cages in the vicinity of −SO3- groups. Polar/nonpolar interphase regions in [1] are next in order of decreasing polarity. The interior of the ORMOSIL phase in [2] displays lowest polarity, reflecting CH3 groups in Py-encapsulating ORMOSIL cages, and the interphase ranks somewhat higher in polarity. Water uptake is ordered: Nafion/ORMOSIL < unfilled Nafion-H+ < Nafion/[silicon oxide]. The hydrophilicity of unfilled Nafion-H+ is adjustable by tailoring the organic content of the incorporated sol−gel-derived nanophase as polarity determined from fluorescence emission and water uptake correlate well. Fluorescence emission of Py monitored nanostructural polarity shifts that result from secondary in situ gel growth induced by annealing. Additional condensation of SiOH groups and liberation of volatiles is promoted by increasing temperature/time, as evidenced by diminishing polarity. Polarity decrease with annealing is more profound for Nafion/[ORMOSIL incorporating Py] than for Nafion/[silicon oxide incorporating Py] as polar solvents are removed more easily from the less polar ORMOSIL nanophase.
Analysis of Aggressiveness of <i>Erwinia amylovora</i> Using Disease-Dose and Time Relationships (2005)

ABSTRACT The aggressiveness of an extensive collection of strains of Erwinia amylovora was analyzed using immature fruit and detached pear flower assays under controlled environmental conditions. The analysis was performed by means of a quantitative approach based on fitting data to mathematical models that relate infection incidence to pathogen dose and time. Probit and hyperbolic saturation models were used for disease-dose relationships and provided information on the median effective dose (ED(50)). Values of ED(50) ranged from 10(3) to 10(6) CFU/ml (10 to 10(4) CFU per site of inoculation). A modified Gompertz model was used for disease-time relationships and provided information on the rate of infection incidence progression (r(g)) and time delayed to start of the incidence progress curve (t(0)). Values of r(g) ranged from near 0 to 1.90, and t(0) varied from 1.3 to more than 10 days. The more aggressive strains showed high r(g), low ED(50) values, and short t(0), whereas the less aggressive strains showed low r(g), high ED(50), and long t (0). The aggressiveness was dependent on plant material type and pear cultivars and was significantly different between strains of E. amylovora. Infectivity titration and kinetic analysis of progression of incidence of infections using the immature pear test and a standardized scale are proposed for assessment of strain aggressiveness. The implications of r(g), ED(50), and t(0) for the epidemiology and management of fire blight are discussed, particularly the wide range of aggressiveness among strains, the degree of host specificity observed in pear isolates, the very high infective potential of this pathogen, the independent action of pathogen cells during infection, and the possible advantage of including aggressiveness parameters into fire blight risk forecasting systems.
Third-generation femtosecond technology (2015)

The design of a 3-channel OPCPA system, generating ultrashort pulses with terawatt peak and sub-kilowatt average powers is presented. Coherent synthesis of the channels is predicted to produce intense, sub-cycle transients, presenting a route toward keV attosecond pulses.
Development of a flexible imaging probe integrated to a surgical telerobot system: Preliminary remote control test and probe design (2012)

This work presents the current state of a project that aims to develop a new level of integration within the control of networked surgical telerobotics and to evaluate the capabilities of communication to support hardware and software architectures over Internet. The project will integrate a portable working prototype of a flexible, multi-bending imaging device to RAVEN, a 7-DOF cable-actuated surgical robot developed by the Biorobotics Laboratory at the University of Washington, USA. A preliminary test of remote operation from Qatar University in Doha to the RAVEN robot in Seattle, US, is presented as well as details concerning the design and implementation of a first prototype of the flexible endoscope.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of<i>N</i>-Oxydihydropyrroles: 4-Hydroxy-3-mesityl-5,5-dimethyl Derivatives with Various Substituents at the 1-Position (2002)

A new series of N-oxydihydropyrrole derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for insecticidal activity against Nilaparvata lugens and Myzus persicae. Various substituents were introduced to the 1-position of the dihydropyrrole ring, and the derivatives obtained exhibited systemic and/or contact insecticidal activity. The structure-activity relationship revealed that small alkyoxy and alkoxyalkoxy groups were more favorable than alkylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, or sulfonyloxy groups as substituents at the 1-position.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF CASPASE INHIBITION ON PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE RELEASE IN SEPTIC PATIENTS (2000)

The interleukins (IL)-1beta and IL-18 represent potent players in the proinflammatory cytokine cascade. Their activation is regulated predominantly through the IL-1-converting enzyme (ICE)/caspase-1. The role of caspases in the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18, as well as in the release of the secondary-induced cytokines IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in whole blood from septic patients compared to healthy controls, was studied. Inhibition of caspase activity by Z-VAD significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SAC) induced release of mature IL-1beta in septic patients and controls. In contrast, in whole blood from septic patients significantly elevated basal level of IL-18 were found, which could neither be further increased by LPS or SAC, nor be inhibited by Z-VAD. Release of IL-12 p40 was significantly lower in septic patients compared to controls and was not affected by Z-VAD. Despite high levels of IL-18, IFN-gamma was not detected in whole blood from septic patients even after stimulation with SAC or LPS. Thus, during sepsis, caspases participate in the processing of IL-1beta, whereas maturation of IL-18 during sepsis appears to be independent of caspases. The lack of IFN-gamma release seen in septic patients could be attributed to low IL-12 release rather than to diminished IL-18 release.
A 64 kbps digital land mobile radio system employing M-16QAM (2003)

The authors describe a 64 kbps digital mobile radio system which has been tailored for trunked radio system applications. Using a combination of digital speech coding, time division multiple access (TDMA), and spectrally efficient linear modulation technologies, up to 6 voice links are supported per 25 kHz RF channel. A key feature of the system is a new modulation method, M-16QAM, which makes possible high speed signaling in land mobile radio channels without the use of an equalizer. After a brief description of the overall system, including the TDMA frame/slot structure and speech coder, focus is shifted to the modulation technique. The motivation behind M-16QAM, as well as its design and simulated performance, are discussed in more detail. Results of field trials of an experimental modem are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and properties of α‐substituted benzylpyridinium salts as cationic initiators (1996)

α-Methylbenzylpyridinium SbF6(1a) and α,α-dimethylbenzylpyridinium SbF6(1b) were prepared and the effect of α-methyl groups on the active species and the activity of 1a, 1b during the cationic polymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) was evaluated. 1b was prepared by the reaction of α,α-dimethylbenzyl alcohol with pyridinium hexafluoroantimonate (2) in several solvents, and the yield depended on the dipole moment of the solvents, although it was poor for the reaction of α,α-dimethylbenzyl chloride with pyridine for the steric hindrance of the α-methyl groups followed by exchange with NaSbF6. Both 1a and 1b acted as a latent thermal initiator during the cationic polymerization of GPE and 1b showed higher activity during cationic polymerization with the higher steric effect of the α-methyl groups than 1a. The 1H-NMR analysis of the obtained poly GPE indicated that the active species of 1b changed from the benzyl cation to H+, depending on the reaction temperature, although 1a released benzyl cations as active species in the cationic polymerization of GPE. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Novel Crohn's Disease Marker Anti-GP2 Antibody Is Associated with Ileocolonic Location of Disease (2013)

Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect the whole gastrointestinal tract. The ileocolonic variant of CD, an inflammation of both the ileum and the large intestine, accounts for up to 50% of the cases with CD, whereas Crohn's ileitis affecting the ileum is diagnosed in about 30%. Crohn's colitis, which is confined to the large intestine and accounts for the remaining 20%, is difficult to distinguish from the large bowel inflammation seen in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of CD is not yet completely understood. Autoimmunity is one factor that can partake in the triggering or modulation of inflammatory processes in IBD. The major zymogen-granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2) has been recently identified as a major autoantigenic target in CD. Interestingly, GP2 is mainly expressed in the pancreas and has also been demonstrated to be a membrane-anchored receptor of microfold cells in the follicle-associated epithelium. Remarkably, GP2 is overexpressed at the site of CD inflammation in contrast to the one in UC. By utilizing novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of GP2-specific IgA and IgG, the loss of tolerance to GP2 has been associated with a specific clinical phenotype in CD, in particular with the ileocolonic location of the disease.
First Room-Temperature Continuous-Wave Operation of Self-Formed InGaAs Quantum Dot-Like Laser on Si substrate Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2000)

The first room-temperature continuous-wave operation of a self-formed InGaAs quantum dot-like laser on a Si substrate fabricated by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at atmospheric pressure is reported. This laser exhibits a threshold current density of 1.32 kA/cm 2 and a lasing wavelength of 854 nm with a spectral width of 1.6 nm. A significant improvement in the reliability has been found due to the quantum dot-like active region in the laser which reduces the dislocation numbers and hence provides a laser with a long lifetime.
Using support vector machines in multi-objective optimization (2005)

In many practical engineering design problems, the form of objective functions is not given explicitly in terms of design variables. Given the value of design variables, under this circumstance, the values of objective functions are obtained by real/computational experiments such as structural analysis, fluid-mechanical analysis, thermodynamic analysis, and so on. Since these experiments are considerably expensive and also time consuming, thus it is actually almost impossible to find the exact solution to those problems by using conventional optimization methods. Recently, approximation methods using computational intelligence, for example, evolutionary algorithms and neural networks have been developed remarkably. Even those algorithms need a tremendous number of experiments to obtain an approximate solution. Furthermore, most engineering design problems should be formulated as multi-objective optimization problems so as to meet the diversified demands of designer. This paper suggests applying the support vector machines (SVM) in order to make the number of experiments for finding the solution of problem with multi-objective functions as few as possible. It is shown that the proposed method can approximate Pareto frontiers in multi-objective optimization problems effectively by employing support vectors in SVM. Finally, the effectiveness of our method is illustrated through numerical examples.
Stoichiometry issues in single-crystal lithium tantalate (1995)

Stoichiometry issues in lithium tantalate were studied through Czochralski growth of single crystals and vapor transport equilibration (VTE) of crystalline samples to specified Li/Ta compositions. Crystals were characterized through measurement of the ferroelectric Curie temperature Tc. The VTE experiments indicated a linear variation of Tc with Li/Ta ratio across the investigated range of 47.5–49.5 mol % Li2O. By control of initial melt stoichiometry, crystals representing melt fractions ≳90% were grown having compositional uniformity within ±0.015 mol % Li2O. Growth of the compositionally uniform crystals was determined to take place through incongruent solidification, with lithium rejection from the growth interface compensating for lithium volatilization from the melt surface. With the growth process applied, a melt composition of 48.39 mol % Li2O yielded grown crystals of a uniform 47.85 mol % Li2O solid composition. The lithium tantalate congruent composition was determined to lie at a value less than or equal to 47.70 mol % Li2O.
The Making of Make-Believe (1971)

Research Article| May 01 1971 The Making of Make-Believe Paul Sills; Paul Sills Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Larry Arrick; Larry Arrick Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Mildred Dunnock; Mildred Dunnock Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Alvin Epstein Alvin Epstein Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Theater (1971) 3 (2): 52–58. https://doi.org/10.1215/00440167-3-2-52 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Paul Sills, Larry Arrick, Mildred Dunnock, Alvin Epstein; The Making of Make-Believe. Theater 1 May 1971; 3 (2): 52–58. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00440167-3-2-52 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsTheater Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © yale/theater 19711971 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Story Theatre You do not currently have access to this content.
Evaluating the Polishing Properties of Aggregates and Bituminous Pavement Surfaces by Means of the Penn State Reciprocating Polishing Machine (1990)

In this study, the polishing properties of coarse aggregates and bituminous pavement mixtures were investigated by means of the Penn State Reciprocating Polishing Machine. The test results were evaluated by BPN5000, which is the measured British Pendulum Number (BPN) after 5000 polishing passes of a rubber pad using alumina (35 μm) abrasive. Aggregate mineral hardness was measured by the Shore Hardness Testing Machine. Polishing tests for eleven aggregate samples were performed and the results were compared with the results of Shore hardness tests. The results suggested that an average of Shore hardness and its coefficient of variation (CV) are both significant factors for evaluating the polish susceptibility of coarse aggregate. Based on these results, polishing rate, τ, defined as a measure of polish susceptibility, was successively related with the above two factors in the multiple linear regression form which can be used to predict polish susceptibility of coarse aggregate in the laboratory. Another series of polishing tests was performed to determine the effects of asphalt binder components and the coarse aggregates on the polishing properties of bituminous mixtures. The results suggested that the most important factor affecting polishing levels of a mixture is the exposed area of aggregate in the specimen surface. An attempt was made to relate BPN5000 of various mix designs with an exposure ratio, Er, defined as a measure of exposed area of aggregate, in the linear relation that can be used to estimate the polishing level of bituminous mix designs in the laboratory by measuring only Er.