gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Further Studies of the Terpenoid Content in the Gorgonian Eunicea succinea: 12,13-Bisepieupalmerin, a New Cembranolide (1984)

In a continuing comparative study of the sesquiterpenoid and diterpenoid content of the gorgonian Eunicea succinea from different locations, a new cembranolide, 12,13-bisepieupalmerin (6), was isolated (structure by X-ray analysis) from specimens from St. Croix, U.S.V.I. 12,13-Bisepieupalmerin possesses the correct stereochemistry to be a biosynthetic precursor for the related cembranolides eunicin (1a) and jeunicin (2). The latter compounds were found to occur with 6 in E. succinea from St. Croix. Eunicin and its acetate (1b) were obtained from a South Caicos collection. E. succinea from St. Croix, U.S.V.I. and South Caicos contain complex mixtures of hydrocarbons in which (-)-germacrene-A, (+)-beta-elemene, (+)-beta-epibourbonene, (+)-beta-copaene, and (+)-alpha-muurolene were identified.
<i>sma-1</i> encodes a βH-spectrin homolog required for <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> morphogenesis (1998)

Morphogenesis transforms the C. elegans embryo from a ball of cells into a vermiform larva. During this transformation, the embryo increases fourfold in length; present data indicates this elongation results from contraction of the epidermal actin cytoskeleton. In sma-1 mutants, the extent of embryonic elongation is decreased and the resulting sma-1 larvae, although viable, are shorter than normal. We find that sma-1 mutants elongate for the same length of time as wild-type embryos, but at a decreased rate. The sma-1 mutants we have isolated vary in phenotypic severity, with the most severe alleles showing the greatest decrease in elongation rate. The sma-1 gene encodes a homolog of betaH-spectrin, a novel beta-spectrin isoform first identified in Drosophila. sma-1 RNA is expressed in epithelial tissues in the C. elegans embryo: in the embryonic epidermis at the start of morphogenesis and subsequently in the developing pharynx, intestine and excretory cell. In Drosophila, betaH-spectrin associates with the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells; beta-spectrin is found at the lateral membrane. We propose that SMA-1 is a component of an apical membrane skeleton in the C. elegans embryonic epidermis that determines the rate of elongation during morphogenesis.
Session management for collaborative applications (1994)

Session management systems for collaborative applications have required a great deal of reimplementation work by developers because they have been typically created on a case-by-case basis. Further, artifacts of this development process have limited the flexibility of session management systems and their ability to cooperate across applications, resulting in the fairly formalized, heavy-weight session management found in most collaborative systems today. We present a model for a light-weight form of session management, the theoretical foundation for this model (based on the sharing of information about user and system activity), and details of a collaboration support environment which implements our session management model.
Two dimensional histogram analysis using the Helmholtz principle (2008)

An algorithm for two dimensional histogram modal analysis is presented. A major challenge in two dimensional histogram analysis is to provide an accurate location and description of the extended modal shape. The approach presented in this paper combines the Fast Level Set Transform of the histogram and the Helmholtz principle to find the location and shape of the modes. Furthermore, the algorithm is devoid of any a priori assumptions about the underlying density or the number of modes. At the core, this approach is a new way to manage and search the number of regions that must be examined to identify meaningful sets. Computational issues required a new tail sum bound on the multinomial distribution to be stated and proven. This bound reduces to the Höeffding inequality for the binomial distribution. The histogram segmentation procedure was applied to the two problems of image color segmentation and correlation pattern recognition. With no a priori knowledge about the color image assumed, the two dimensional modal analysis is applied to the CIELAB color space to find perceptually uniform dominant colors. The modal analysis is also extended to correlation pattern recognition to find multiple targets in a single correlation plane.
Rational Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Tetrahydroxamic Acid Chelators for Stable Complexation of Zirconium(IV) (2014)

Metals of interest for biomedical applications often need to be complexed and associated in a stable manner with a targeting agent before use. Whereas the fundamentals of most transition-metal complexation processes have been thoroughly studied, the complexation of Zr(IV) has been somewhat neglected. This metal has received growing attention in recent years, especially in nuclear medicine, with the use of (89) Zr, which a β(+) -emitter with near ideal characteristics for cancer imaging. However, the best chelating agent known for this radionuclide is the trishydroxamate desferrioxamine B (DFB), the Zr(IV) complex of which exhibits suboptimal stability, resulting in the progressive release of (89) Zr in vivo. Based on a recent report demonstrating the higher thermodynamic stability of the tetrahydroxamate complexes of Zr(IV) compared with the trishydroxamate complexes analogues to DFB, we designed a series of tetrahydroxamic acids of varying geometries for improved complexation of this metal. Three macrocycles differing in their cavity size (28 to 36-membered rings) were synthesized by using a ring-closing metathesis strategy, as well as their acyclic analogues. A solution study with (89) Zr showed the complexation to be more effective with increasing cavity size. Evaluation of the kinetic inertness of these new complexes in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution showed significantly improved stabilities of the larger chelates compared with (89) Zr-DFB, whereas the smaller complexes suffered from insufficient stabilities. These results were rationalized by a quantum chemical study. The lower stability of the smaller chelates was attributed to ring strain, whereas the better stability of the larger cyclic complexes was explained by the macrocyclic effect and by the structural rigidity. Overall, these new chelating agents open new perspectives for the safe and efficient use of (89) Zr in nuclear imaging, with the best chelators providing dramatically improved stabilities compared with the reference DFB.
<title>Interferometric biochemical and chemical sensors</title> (1995)

Interferometric principles have gained wide acceptance in the field of chemical and biochemical sensing. Reflectometric interference spectrometry sensors using white light multiple reflections at thin layers, structures of polymers, or monolayers of biochemicals are discussed in a survey. These are compared to other techniques, especially methods using surface plasmon resonance and grating couplers. Applications in the area of environmental monitoring in public safety are given, demonstrating the results for halogenated hydrocarbons in air and water as well as pesticides in ground water. Calibration curves, limits of decision, of detection, and of determination are specified and discussed with respect to EU limits. The application of multivariate data analysis is considered including artificial neuronal networks for multisensor systems and referencing in the case of gas sensors.
Balanced ambipolar charge carrier mobility in mixed layers for application in hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (2008)

We investigate the electron and hole mobility in mixed layers of N,N′-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine and bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)-4-phenylphenolate aluminum with different mix ratios, using both space-charge limited currents of single-carrier devices with electrically doped charge transport layers and time-of-flight measurements. Both experimental methods yield consistent results. The 1:1 blend shows balanced ambipolar charge carrier transport, which is advantageous for the application as exciton blocking interlayer in hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes: The electroluminescence spectrum is rather stable against changes in interlayer thickness and driving current. Moreover, the external quantum efficiency is enhanced by a factor of 2.5 as compared to a device without interlayer.
Repurposing the Ebola and Marburg Virus Inhibitors Tilorone, Quinacrine, and Pyronaridine: <i>In Vitro</i> Activity against SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Mechanisms (2021)

Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified virus that has resulted in over 2.5 million deaths globally and over 116 million cases globally in March, 2021. Small-molecule inhibitors that reverse disease severity have proven difficult to discover. One of the key approaches that has been widely applied in an effort to speed up the translation of drugs is drug repurposing. A few drugs have shown <i>in vitro</i> activity against Ebola viruses and demonstrated activity against SARS-CoV-2 <i>in vivo</i>. Most notably, the RNA polymerase targeting remdesivir demonstrated activity <i>in vitro</i> and efficacy in the early stage of the disease in humans. Testing other small-molecule drugs that are active against Ebola viruses (EBOVs) would appear a reasonable strategy to evaluate their potential for SARS-CoV-2. We have previously repurposed pyronaridine, tilorone, and quinacrine (from malaria, influenza, and antiprotozoal uses, respectively) as inhibitors of Ebola and Marburg viruses <i>in vitro</i> in HeLa cells and mouse-adapted EBOV in mice <i>in vivo</i>. We have now tested these three drugs in various cell lines (VeroE6, Vero76, Caco-2, Calu-3, A549-ACE2, HUH-7, and monocytes) infected with SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viruses (including MHV and HCoV 229E). The compilation of these results indicated considerable variability in antiviral activity observed across cell lines. We found that tilorone and pyronaridine inhibited the virus replication in A549-ACE2 cells with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 180 nM and IC<sub>50</sub> 198 nM, respectively. We used microscale thermophoresis to test the binding of these molecules to the spike protein, and tilorone and pyronaridine bind to the spike receptor binding domain protein with <i>K</i> <sub>d</sub> values of 339 and 647 nM, respectively. Human C<sub>max</sub> for pyronaridine and quinacrine is greater than the IC<sub>50</sub> observed in A549-ACE2 cells. We also provide novel insights into the mechanism of these compounds which is likely lysosomotropic.
VLIW scheduling for energy and performance (2002)

We present and evaluate several instruction scheduling algorithms that reorder a given sequence of instructions taking into account the energy considerations. We first compare a performance oriented scheduling technique with three energy-oriented instruction scheduling algorithms from both performance (execution cycles of the resulting schedules) and energy consumption points of view. Then, we propose scheduling algorithms that consider energy and performance at the same time. The results obtained using randomly generated directed acyclic graphs show that these techniques are quite successful in reducing energy consumption and their performance (in terms of execution cycles) is comparable to that of a pure performance-oriented scheduling.
Computational Geometry--An Introduction. (1986)

From the reviews: This book offers a coherent treatment, at the graduate textbook level, of the field that has come to be known in the last decade or so as computational geometry...The book is well organized and lucidly written; a timely contribution by two founders of the field. It clearly demonstrates that computational geometry in the plane is now a fairly well-understood branch of computer science and mathematics. It also points the way to the solution of the more challenging problems in dimensions higher than two.
Wireless temperature sensor network for refrigerated vehicles (2005)

Convenient and reliable temperature monitoring systems are increasingly demanded in vehicle refrigerators. However, difficulties exist in wiring between temperature recorders and sensors on vehicles for example trailer-tractors. To solve this problem, this paper investigates possible technologies for wireless sensor networks. The investigation covers temperature sensor technologies, mathematical models for temperature conversion and wireless communication technologies for sensor networks. This paper also presents a prototype of a wireless temperature sensor network. The conclusions are drawn out based on the investigation and implementation.
Distinct Sector Hashes for Target File Detection (2012)

Using an alternative approach to traditional file hashing, digital forensic investigators can hash individually sampled subject drives on sector boundaries and then check these hashes against a prebuilt database, making it possible to process raw media without reference to the underlying file system.
Topical antibiotic therapy of acne: laboratory investigation of vehicles, various antibiotics, and stability characteristics. (1980)

A new vehicle preparation has proved effective in enhancing the penetration of antibiotics. The vehicle seems to maintain stability of the incorporated antibiotic.
Analysis of the relationship between reactive oxygen species production and leucocyte infiltration in fractions of human semen separated on Percoll gradients (1990)

We have shown previously that the reactive oxygen species generated by washed human ejaculates originate from cells which can be isolated in the low density region of discontinuous Percoll gradients. In this study we have used a simplified two-step (40/80%) Percoll gradient to separate human ejaculates (n = 109) into two populations of spermatozoa, exhibiting either a high or a low capacity for reactive oxygen species generation. We have then examined the relationships between this activity and other properties of the isolated fractions, with particular emphasis on the presence of leucocytes, which we have quantified using a monoclonal antibody directed against the common leucocyte antigen. The low-density cells recovered from the 40%/80% interface of the Percoll gradients, differed from the high-density fraction in exhibiting significantly reduced sperm motility, poorer sperm morphology, and a considerably enhanced capacity for reactive oxygen species production (P less than 0.001). In six cases the elevated levels of reactive oxygen species generation were associated with leucocyte concentrations in excess of 1 x 10(6) per 10(7) sperm, suggesting that leucocytes enter the seminal compartment in an activated, oxygen-radical generating, state. However, in the majority of cases exhibiting high levels of reactive oxygen species production, leucocyte numbers were low or absent and the semen profiles were unremarkable, except that seminal sperm concentrations tended to be low. These results suggest that the oxidative stress responsible for defective sperm function involves reactive oxygen species originating from two sources; the sperm and infiltrating leucocytes.
Present and future of distributed power systems (2003)

The current stage of development of distributed power systems is presented. Various DC-bus and AC-bus distributed power system architectures are discussed. System integration issues related to paralleling and cascading of DC/DC converters are explained. Benefits and challenges of distributed power systems in various applications are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CEBus network layer description (1989)

The authors describe the network layer of the CEBus (Consumer Electronics Bus Standard) network architecture. The network layer design is based on OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) layering conventions for local area networks. Primary functions of the network layer are dynamically maintaining the network topology (connectivity) and routing network traffic across six different physical media. Additionally, the CEBus network layer handles some aspects of flow control typically associated with the transport layer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of used lubricating oils for wear metals by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (1983)

Analysis of used lubricating oils for wear metals by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy has always been difficult when the determination of many elements has been required. Problems have been mainly caused by the nature of the sample, selection of standards and presentation of samples and standards to the instrument in a suitable form. The method described largely overcomes these problems, is simple and convenient to use and is suitable for a wide range of lubricating oils. Repeatability is good and readily available standards can be used for calibration purposes. A correlation programme has been carried out using flame atomic-absorption and direct-reading emission spectroscopy on chromium, tin, copper and iron.
A single point mutation in the yeast TRP4 gene affects efficiency of mRNA 3' end processing and alters selection of the poly(A) site (1999)

The yeast TRP4 mRNA 3' end formation element is a bidirectional element which functions in both orien-tations in an artificial in vivo test system. In this study, the role of 3' end formation was analysed in the context of the entire TRP4 gene. The 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of TRP4 was altered and changes were analysed for their influence on TRP4 gene expression. The 3'UTR in reverse orientation was fully functional and did not affect TRP4 gene expression. Exchanging the TRP4 3'UTR by the bidirectional ARO4 or the unidirectional GCN4 3' end formation element allowed efficient gene expression. Deletion of the entire TRP4 3'UTR resulted in 70% reduction of TRP4 mRNA and 50% reduced specific Trp4 enzyme activity in comparison to wild-type. A single point mutation within the TRP4 3'UTR caused the same effect on gene expression. This point mutation did not only affect the efficiency of 3' end formation, but also produced new poly(A) sites which were situated upstream of the wild-type poly(A) sites. Therefore this sequence motif in the TRP4 3'UTR acts simultaneously as both an efficiency and positioning element.
Progress towards testing the amyloid hypothesis: inhibitors of APP processing. (2001)

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and a major public health problem. The amyloid hypothesis suggests that Alzheimer's disease is due to the abnormal accumulation of amyloid-beta protein (A beta) in affected brain regions. Rational therapies aimed at reducing amyloid burden in brain are currently being pursued in preclinical and early clinical development. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the beta- and gamma-secretase activities required for the formation of A beta peptide and discusses therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting these activities. Recent progress in the identification of small molecule inhibitors of these secretases is also reviewed.
Joint Design of Excitation k-Space Trajectory and RF Pulse for Small-Tip 3D Tailored Excitation in MRI (2015)

We propose a new method for the joint design of k-space trajectory and RF pulse in 3D small-tip tailored excitation. Designing time-varying RF and gradient waveforms for a desired 3D target excitation pattern in MRI poses a non-linear, non-convex, constrained optimization problem with relatively large problem size that is difficult to solve directly. Existing joint pulse design approaches are therefore typically restricted to predefined trajectory types such as EPI or stack-of-spirals that intrinsically satisfy the gradient maximum and slew rate constraints and reduce the problem size (dimensionality) dramatically, but lead to suboptimal excitation accuracy for a given pulse duration. Here we use a 2nd-order B-spline basis that can be fitted to an arbitrary k-space trajectory, and allows the gradient constraints to be implemented efficiently. We show that this allows the joint optimization problem to be solved with quite general k-space trajectories. Starting from an arbitrary initial trajectory, we first approximate the trajectory using B-spline basis, and then optimize the corresponding coefficients. We evaluate our method in simulation using four different k-space initializations: stack-of-spirals, SPINS, KT-points, and a new method based on KT-points. In all cases, our approach leads to substantial improvement in excitation accuracy for a given pulse duration. We also validated our method for inner-volume excitation using phantom experiments. The computation is fast enough for online applications.
Authenticating Mobile Device UsersThrough Image Selection (2004)

Adequate user authentication is a persistent problem, particularly with mobile devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), which tend to be highly personal and at the fringes of an organization's influence. Yet these devices are being used increasingly in military and government agencies, hospitals, and other business settings, where they pose a risk to security and privacy, not only from sensitive information they may contain, but also from the means they typically offer to access such information over wireless networks. User authentication is the first line of defence for a mobile device that falls into the hands of an unauthorized individual. However, motivating users to enable simple PIN or password mechanisms and periodically update their authentication information is difficult at best. This paper describes a general-purpose mechanism for authenticating users through image selection. The underlying rationale is that image recall is an easy and natural way for users to authenticate, removing a serious barrier to users' compliance with corporate policy. The approach described distinguishes itself from other attempts in this area in several ways, including style dependent image selection, password reuse, and embedded salting, which collectively overcome a number of problems in employing knowledge-based authentication on mobile devices.
Aquitalea denitrificans sp. nov., isolated from a Korean wetland (2009)

A novel bacterium, designated strain 5YN1-3(T), was isolated from wetland peat collected from Yongneup, Korea. The bacterium was facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, yellow-coloured, rod-shaped, mesophilic and motile with one polar flagellum. The strain grew optimally at 30 degrees C, at pH 6.0-9.0 and with 0-1 % NaCl (w/v). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest similarity to the sequence from Aquitalea magnusonii TRO-001DR8(T), with 98.7 % sequence similarity. However, strain 5YN1-3(T) showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 43 % (40 % in a reciprocal experiment) with A. magnusonii LMG 23054(T). The strain contained summed feature 3 (iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)omega7c) and C(16 : 0) as major cellular fatty acids. On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness and physiological and biochemical characterization, strain 5YN1-3(T) should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Aquitalea, for which the name Aquitalea denitrificans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5YN1-3(T) (=KACC 12729(T) =DSM 21300(T)).