gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth potential of Clostridium botulinum in fresh mushrooms packaged in semipermeable plastic film (1975)

Fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) were inoculated in the stem, gill, or cap with Clostridium botulinum spores. They were placed with uninoculated mushrooms in paper board trays, which were then covered and sealed in a polyvinyl chloride stretch film to simulate prepackaged mushrooms available at retail stores. When incubated at 20 C, botulinum toxin could be detected as early as day 3, or 4, when the mushrooms still appear edible. Mushrooms inoculated in the stem with 1,000 type A spores frequently became botulinogenic; higher spore levels were needed if gills or caps were inoculation sites. Type B spores were less apt to produce toxic mushrooms. Respiration of the fresh mushrooms used up O2 more rapidly than could enter through the semipermeable wrapping film, so that the equilibrium O2 concentration became low enough for growth of C. botulinum. Inoculated mushrooms did not become botulinogenic when held at 4 C.
40.3: A 2.5‐inch Low‐Power LTPS AMOLED Display—Using Clamped‐Inverter Driving—For Mobile Applications (2006)

Abstract We developed a 2.5‐inch low‐power LTPS AMOLED display, in which data driver and scan driver are integrated. The developed low‐power pixel circuit of this display contributes to panel power consumption of 350 mW at a luminance of 100 cd/m 2 through a circular polarizer. We confirmed that the panel only suffers a slight temperature increase.
Fc-Receptor Heterogeneity of Human Suppressor T Cells (1978)

Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated the IgM-binding subpopulation of human T cells (TM) to suppress the pokeweed mitogen-induced differentiation of B lymphocytes to plasma cells. Control TM cells that had not been Con A activated did not suppress. The degree of suppression was related to the number of Con A-TM cells added to the cultures and it was abolished by irradiation of the T lymphocytes either before or after the 24-hr culture period with Con A. Suppression did not require the presence of TG cells, whose suppressor potential has been previously established. These findings indicate that suppressor activity is not confined to the TG subpopulation but may be expressed by TM cells also.
PCL system with illuminator of opportunity (2006)

PCL techniques are widely used in bi-static and multi-static radar, which use broadcast and communications signals as 'illuminators of opportunity'. Pour kinds of PCL systems with different illuminators have been discussed in this paper: VHF FM radio, VHF/UHF TV, cellphone base stations, and satellite-borne illuminators. We analyze the properties of transmissions, and give radar examples for each. In conclusion, we describe the prospective of PCL systems
Selective arterial embolization in the management of internal bleeding caused by trophoblastic diseases. (1996)

Selective arterial embolization is a life-saving measure in the management of internal bleeding caused by trophoblastic diseases.
Mapping the early steps in the pH-induced conformational conversion of the prion protein (2001)

Under certain conditions, the prion protein (PrP) undergoes a conformational change from the normal cellular isoform, PrP(C), to PrP(Sc), an infectious isoform capable of causing neurodegenerative diseases in many mammals. Conversion can be triggered by low pH, and in vivo this appears to take place in an endocytic pathway and/or caveolae-like domains. It has thus far been impossible to characterize the conformational change at high resolution by experimental methods. Therefore, to investigate the effect of acidic pH on PrP conformation, we have performed 10-ns molecular dynamics simulations of PrP(C) in water at neutral and low pH. The core of the protein is well maintained at neutral pH. At low pH, however, the protein is more dynamic, and the sheet-like structure increases both by lengthening of the native beta-sheet and by addition of a portion of the N terminus to widen the sheet by another two strands. The side chain of Met-129, a polymorphic codon in humans associated with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, pulls the N terminus into the sheet. Neutralization of Asp-178 at low pH removes interactions that inhibit conversion, which is consistent with the Asp-178-Asn mutation causing human prion diseases.
Microstructural, optical and electrical properties of GeO<sub>2</sub> thin films prepared by sol‐gel method (2010)

Abstract GeO 2 thin films were prepared by sol‐gel method on ITO/Glass substrate. The electrical and optical properties and the microstructures of these films were investigated with special emphasis on the effects of an annealing treatment in ambient air. The films were annealed at various temperatures from 500 °C to 700 °C. Structural analysis through X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that surface structure and morphological characteristics were sensitive to the treatment conditions. The optical transmittance spectra of the GeO 2 /ITO/Glass were measured using a UV‐visible spectrophotometer. All films exhibited GeO 2 (101) orientation perpendicular to the substrate surface where the grain size increased with increasing annealing temperature. The optical transmittance spectroscopy further revealed high transparency (over 70 %) in the wave range 400 – 800 nm of the visible region. At an annealing temperature level of 700 °C, the GeO 2 films were found to possess a leakage current density of 1.31×10 ‐6 A/cm 2 at an electrical field of 20 kV/cm. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hole trapping in reoxidized nitrided silicon dioxide (1989)

Radiation-induced hole trapping in nitrided oxides and reoxidized nitrided oxides was investigated. Midgap voltage shift in reoxidized nitrided oxide capacitors was observed to saturate rapidly with dose, while the voltage shift in nitrided oxide capacitors continues to increase. Reoxidized nitrided oxide capacitors exhibited the unusual characteristic of greater voltage shifts when irradiated under negative bias. It is proposed that a high density of small cross-section traps exists in the nitrided oxide, while the traps in reoxidized samples are larger in cross section and concentrated in the upper half of the dielectric. An etch-off experiment demonstrated that the majority of these traps lie within ∼7 nm of the gate.
Screening Large Numbers of Compounds in a Model Based on Mortality of Trypanosoma Rhodesiense Infected Mice (1976)

A test system has been developed to evaluate the trypanosomicidal activity of large numbers of candidate drugs. Based on mortality of mice with blood induced Trypanosoma rhodesiense infections, it serves as a primary screen or as a secondary and confirmatory test for active compounds. Over 5,500 selected compounds have been tested; more than 6% were active.
Laser-Enhanced Electroless Gold Plating on Polyimide Resin Film. (1998)

Laser-enhanced electroless gold plating on polyimide resin plate was conducted in a cyanide-free bath. Electroless gold plating on polyimide resin was possible when a breakage protector such as a ceramic or copper plate was set behind the resin plate. The protector acts as a heat scatterer. Using a copper protector with higher heat conductivity produced a better gold deposit than using the ceramic plate.
Photochemistry of bicyclo[6.1.0]nonan-3-one, bicyclo [6.1.0]nonan-4-one, and cyclooctanone (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of bicyclo[6.1.0]nonan-3-one, bicyclo [6.1.0]nonan-4-one, and cyclooctanoneSung Moon and Howard BohmCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 10, 1434–1438Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00809a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (694 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Planar and Linear Feature-Based Registration of Terrestrial Laser Scans with Minimum Overlap Using Photogrammetric Data (2012)

Three-dimensional (3D) modeling is crucial for studying, analyzing, reconstructing, and documenting our environment, in general, and man-made structures, in particular. 3D data for a surveyed structure can be directly collected by a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). However, several TLS scans are necessary to obtain a complete coverage of the surveyed structures. Transformation of the collected scans into a common coordinate system with a registration procedure is necessary in order to acquire a meaningful 3D model of the structure in question. The registration process requires a large overlap area among the TLS scans for reliable results. In this research, this large overlap area requirement between the TLS scans is reduced using a photogrammetric model as additional information for the registration process. Planar and linear features, which can be easily identified in photogrammetric data and TLS scans, were chosen as the registration primitives. Quantitative quality analysis is proposed in this research by calculating the point-to-plane normal distances between the registered surfaces. The experimental results from real datasets show the ability of the proposed technique, where less than 10 cm point-to-plane normal distances between the registered surfaces were observed, which confirmed the reliability of the registration results.
Adjustable permanent quadrupoles for the Next Linear Collider (2002)

The proposed Next Linear Collider (NLC) will require over 1400 adjustable quadrupoles between the main linacs' accelerator structures. These 12.7 mm bore quadrupoles will have a range of integrated strength from 0.6 to 138 Tesla, with a maximum gradient of 141 Tesla per meter, an adjustment range of +0 to -20% and effective lengths from 324 mm to 972 mm,. The magnetic center must remain stable to within 1 micron during the 20% adjustment. In an effort to reduce costs and increase reliability, several designs using hybrid permanent magnets have been developed. Four different prototypes have been built. All magnets have iron poles and use samarium cobalt to provide the magnetic fields. Two use rotating permanent magnetic material to vary the gradient, one uses a sliding shunt to vary the gradient and the fourth uses counter rotating magnets. Preliminary data on gradient strength, temperature stability, and magnetic center position stability are presented. These data are compared to an equivalent electromagnetic prototype.
Ionic charges of glass surfaces and other materials, and their possible role in the coagulation of blood (1960)

Some observations on the physicochemical role played by glass surfaces in accelerating the ‘normal’ coagulation rate of blood have been made, in light of the nonmigratable negative ionic charge which appears on leached glass surfaces and the orientation of the positively charged calcium ions of the blood at the fluid-glass interface. Numerous other materials, including artificial arteries, heart valves, bandages and ‘live’ skin, have been in-investigated with respect to the ionic nature of their surfaces and their effect on blood coagulation. An effort was made to establish the ionic charge of the endothelial layer of the circulatory system; however, the procedure used in this investigation does not lend itself to in vivo or even convincingly to in vitro determinations. The ionic nature of the materials was determined from the uneven distribution of Ag(NH 3 ) 2 + and Br – ions in full-strength aqueous ammonia, caused by the nonmigratable ionic charge characteristic of the surfaces. Such data appear to be qualitatively acceptable provided the material does not form any compound with either Ag(NH 3 ) 2 + or Br – ions which is more insoluble than AgBr, or does not have an isoelectric point between pH 7 and pH 13.3. Submitted on August 20, 1959
Sustained IL-12 Signaling Is Required for Th1 Development (2004)

STAT4 is an essential transcription factor for Th1 cell development. IL-12 and IFN-alpha both activate STAT4, but with different kinetics. In this study we compared their capacities to drive differentiation of human naive Th cells toward the Th1 phenotype. The Th1-polarizing activity of IFN-alpha was much weaker than that of IL-12, correlating with a marked difference in the kinetics of STAT4 activation; the response to IL-12 was sustained (>48 h), whereas the response to IFN-alpha was transient (4 h). The continuous presence of IL-12 was required for sustained STAT4 activation. Similarly, optimal Th1 polarization was only achieved upon prolonged exposure to IL-12 and could not be induced by a transient IL-12 pulse. Furthermore, the cytokine IL-2 potentiated sustained IL-12/STAT4 responses through up-regulation of IL-12R expression and synergized with IL-12 in driving Th1 cell development. Transient IFN-alpha responses, on the other hand, were not prolonged by IL-2. IFN-alpha treatment induced down-regulation of IFN-alphabeta receptor subunit 1, rendering cells refractory to IFN-alpha, but did not trans-inhibit the IL-12/STAT4 response. These data indicate that sustained IL-12 signaling is essential for optimal Th1 cell development and that transient activation of STAT4 in response to IFN-alpha may explain the poor Th1-polarizing capacity of this cytokine. Collectively these data show that the duration of cytokine signaling is important for determining the biological response.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N‐METHYL OLIGOPEPTIDES OF POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY (1976)

Abstract Durch stufenweise Synthese und Fragmentkondensation unter Anwendung der Carbodiirnid‐Methode und der Methode mit gemischten Anhydriden werden 24 cyclische und acyclische N‐Methyl‐Oligopeptide (vereinfachte Griselirnycin‐ Analoge) dargestellt.
Load Prediction and Hot Spot Detection Models for Autonomic Cloud Computing (2011)

Cloud computing is leading to transformational changes with stringent requirements on usability, performance and security over very heterogeneous workloads. Their run-time management requires realistic algorithms and techniques for sampling, measurement and characterization for load prediction. Due to the expectation of elasticity, large swings in their demand are common, which cannot be modeled accurately based on raw measures such as the number of session requests, which show very large variability and poor auto-correlation. We demonstrate the use of load prediction algorithms for cloud platforms, using a two-step approach of load trend tracking followed by load prediction, using cubic spline Interpolation, and hotspot detection algorithm for sudden spikes. Such algorithms integrated into the autonomic management framework of a cloud platform can be used to ensure that the SaaS sessions, virtual desktops or VM pools are autonomically provisioned on demand, in an elastic manner. Results indicate that the algorithms are able to match representative SaaS load trends accurately. This approach is suitable to support different load decision systems on cloud platforms with highly variable trends in demand, and is characterized by a moderate computational complexity compatible to run-time decisions.
Efficiently approximating query optimizer plan diagrams (2008)

Given a parametrized n-dimensional SQL query template and a choice of query optimizer, a plan diagram is a color-coded pictorial enumeration of the execution plan choices of the optimizer over the query parameter space. These diagrams have proved to be a powerful metaphor for the analysis and redesign of modern optimizers, and are gaining currency in diverse industrial and academic institutions. However, their utility is adversely impacted by the impractically large computational overheads incurred when standard brute-force exhaustive approaches are used for producing fine-grained diagrams on high-dimensional query templates. In this paper, we investigate strategies for efficiently producing close approximations to complex plan diagrams. Our techniques are customized to the features available in the optimizer's API, ranging from the generic optimizers that provide only the optimal plan for a query, to those that also support costing of sub-optimal plans and enumerating rank-ordered lists of plans. The techniques collectively feature both random and grid sampling, as well as inference techniques based on nearest-neighbor classifiers, parametric query optimization and plan cost monotonicity. Extensive experimentation with a representative set of TPC-H and TPC-DS-based query templates on industrial-strength optimizers indicates that our techniques are capable of delivering 90% accurate diagrams while incurring less than 15% of the computational overheads of the exhaustive approach. In fact, for full-featured optimizers, we can guarantee zero error with less than 10% overheads. These approximation techniques have been implemented in the publicly available Picasso optimizer visualization tool.
Innovative Production Methods on Wet Clay Soils for Rice and Soybean (2003)

Clayey soils have properties that can make conventional, early-season planting difficult.Several experiments on alternatives to conventional planting showed that airplane seeding can be successful, but that varying soil surface conditions and post-planting weather make it risky.High floatation tires showed promising, weather-dependent returns of -$4.69/acre to $36.07/acre.
Dimedone (5,5-Dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione) as a protecting agent for amino groups in peptide synthesis (1964)

The reaction of dimedone (5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione) with amino-acid "active" esters leads to optically pure enamine derivatives. The dimedone derivatives of amino acid esters could also be converted by way of their hydrazides to the corresponding azides. The thiophenyl ester and azide derivatives have been used directly for peptide synthesis. The protecting group can easily be removed from the N-protected peptides by means of aqueous bromine, with the formation of 2,2-dibromodimedone and the hydrobromide of the corresponding peptide ester.
Thermostabilization of Proteins by Diglycerol Phosphate, a New Compatible Solute from the Hyperthermophile <i>Archaeoglobus fulgidus</i> (2000)

Diglycerol phosphate accumulates under salt stress in the archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus (L. O. Martins, R. Huber, H. Huber, K. O. Stetter, M. S. da Costa, and H. Santos, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:896-902, 1997). This solute was purified after extraction from the cell biomass. In addition, the optically active and the optically inactive (racemic) forms of the compound were synthesized, and the ability of the solute to act as a protecting agent against heating was tested on several proteins derived from mesophilic or hyperthermophilic sources. Diglycerol phosphate exerted a considerable stabilizing effect against heat inactivation of rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase, baker's yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, and Thermococcus litoralis glutamate dehydrogenase. Highly homologous and structurally well-characterized rubredoxins from Desulfovibrio gigas, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (ATCC 27774), and Clostridium pasteurianum were also examined for their thermal stabilities in the presence or absence of diglycerol phosphate, glycerol, and inorganic phosphate. These proteins showed different intrinsic thermostabilities, with half-lives in the range of 30 to 100 min. Diglycerol phosphate exerted a strong protecting effect, with approximately a fourfold increase in the half-lives for the loss of the visible spectra of D. gigas and C. pasteurianum rubredoxins. In contrast, the stability of D. desulfuricans rubredoxin was not affected. These different behaviors are discussed in the light of the known structural features of rubredoxins. The data show that diglycerol phosphate is a potentially useful protein stabilizer in biotechnological applications.
Untangling Autophagy Measurements (2015)

Autophagy is an important physiological process in the heart, and alterations in autophagic activity can exacerbate or mitigate injury during various pathological processes. Methods to assess autophagy have changed rapidly because the field of research has expanded. As with any new field, methods and standards for data analysis and interpretation evolve as investigators acquire experience and insight. The purpose of this review is to summarize current methods to measure autophagy, selective mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), and autophagic flux. We will examine several published studies where confusion arose in data interpretation, to illustrate the challenges. Finally, we will discuss methods to assess autophagy in vivo and in patients.
Keyboard acoustic emanations (2004)

We show that PC keyboards, notebook keyboards, telephone and ATM pads are vulnerable to attacks based on differentiating the sound emanated by different keys. Our attack employs a neural network to recognize the key being pressed. We also investigate why different keys produce different sounds and provide hints for the design of homophonic keyboards that would be resistant to this type of attack.
Sensorized nanoliter reactor chamber for DNA multiplication (2006)

This paper presents thermal analysis verification of a sensorized 50 nl reactor chamber for DNA amplification based on PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The reactor is equipped with an integrated heater, temperature sensor and a photo detector for real time detection. Through micromachining, the thermal capacity of each chamber is minimized, enabling rapid PCR cycling. The proposed structure was implemented on a silicon substrate using a standard CMOS process and postprocessing. The chambers have a bottom area of 500/spl times/500 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and a pitch of 1 mm. An array of 96 reactors can be formed on a square centimeter. In order to reach the required PCR temperature levels (55/spl deg/C, 75/spl deg/C and 92/spl deg/C) dedicated electronics, based on a proportional-integral (PI) controller were designed and built. The system is capable of stabilizing the temperature of the reactor and performing a temperature sweep up to 100/spl deg/C.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pyrazolo[4,3‐<i>b</i>]oleanane Derivatives as Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase (2008)

Eighteen pyrazolo[4,3-b]oleanane derivatives have been synthesized and biologically evaluated as inhibitors of rabbit muscle GPa. Key compound 5 was readily obtained in four steps starting from oleanolic acid (OA; 1). Further modification based on pyrazolo triterpene 5 resulted in 17 novel pyrazolo pentacyclic triterpenes. All of the synthesized pyrazolo[4,3-b]oleanane derivatives were biologically assayed against rabbit muscle GPa. Within this series of compounds, pyrazole triterpene 19 (IC(50)=9.9 microM) exhibited more potent activity than the parent compound 1. Preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis of the pyrazolo[4,3-b]oleanane derivatives as GPa inhibitors is discussed.
媒体融合与环绕声（下）——如何使环绕声无所不在 (2011)

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