gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced plasma half-life of radio-labelled 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>in subjects receiving a high-fibre diet (1983)

1. The plasma disappearance of 3H-labelled 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) was studied in healthy volunteers on normal and high-fibre diets, using 3H-labelled tracer doses given intravenously. 2. The mean (+/- SEM) plasma half-life in the high-fibre-diet group was 19.2 +/- 1.7 d, which was significantly shorter than in the group on normal diets (27.5 +/- 2.1 d, P less than 0.01). 3. This finding suggests that a high-fibre diet leads to enhanced elimination of 25(OH)D3 by an action within the intestinal lumen. This may involve interference with an enterohepatic circulation of the metabolite, perhaps by binding of 25(OH)D3 to dietary fibre. 4. The reduced plasma half-life of 3H-labelled 25(OH)D3 associated with a high-fibre diet may explain the development of vitamin D deficiency in Asian immigrants with normal exposure to u.v. light.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PYRIMIDINE DIMER FORMATION and TYROSINASE ACTIVITY IN CLOUDMAN S91 MELANOMA CELLS AFTER ULTRAVIOLET‐IRRADIATION (1990)

We compared the induction of pyrimidine dimer densities after UV-irradiation in mouse melanoma cells before and after treatment with cholera toxin. Treatment with cholera toxin stimulated tyrosinase activity up to 50-fold, leading to a marked, visually apparent increase in cellular melanin concentrations. Irradiation of treated and untreated cells was therefore designed to establish whether intracellular melanin protected cells from UV-induced DNA damage. In experiments described here, we determined cytosine-thymine (C-T) as well as thymine-thymine dimer levels (T-T) by high pressure liquid chromatography in cholera toxin-treated and untreated Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma cells after irradiation with UVC (less than 290 nm) and UVB light (290-320 nm). Surprisingly, induction of melanization had no effect on the formation of pyrimidine dimers by UVC or UVB irradiation. These results indicate that de novo melanin pigmentation induced via the c-AMP pathway is not involved in protection against UV-induced thymine-containing pyrimidine dimers. In separate experiments, irradiation of toxin-treated and untreated mouse melanoma cells with UVC or UVB light produced a 20-30% lower dimer density compared to irradiated human skin fibroblasts. This finding suggests that melanin has some protection properties against UV-induced pyrimidine dimers, although the exact defense mechanism seems highly complex.
A micropolariscope for automatic stress analysis (1987)

A micropolariscope has been developed for the automatic analysis of photoelastic data. It will position frozen stress slices mounted on its stage to within ±0.002 mm, and takes readings of isoclinic angles and fractional fringe orders, repeatable to within ±0.08 degrees and ±0.001 fringes. A rectangular grid of up to 3 × 50 points can be read automatically, taking about 1¼ minutes per point; the readings are stored on a floppy disc and printed out. The original slice is itself sliced, and the subslice is viewed again in the orthogonal direction to produce a second set of readings. Software has been devised to analyse the two sets of readings. It makes use of Tesar's modification of Frocht's Shear Difference method to calculate five cartesian stresses, which may be plotted and printed in tabular form. Flexible facilities are provided for editing, correcting, plotting, and printing intermediate stages in the analysis, and for storing results in data files
A New Synthesis of 1, 6-Anhydro-β-D-glucapyranose (Levoglucosan) (1962)

1, 6-Anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose was synthesized from 6-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose by a treatment with sodium methoxide. Since 1, 6-anhydro-β-D-glucose is not obtainable from 6-deoxy-6-iodo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetra-O-acetyl-α-Dglucopyranose, this procedure is applicable to distinguish α, β-anomers chemically.Some conformational discussions are made.
Low-drive-power asymmetric Mach-Zehnder modulator with band-limited operation (1991)

A novel 2*2 asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulator is fabricated on Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide and tested at microwave frequency. Band-limited operation was realized by using a traveling-wave periodic polarity reversed structure with the asymmetric strip line as the modulator electrode instead of the conventional coplanar waveguide. For a modulator with a three-section polarity reversed electrode, a 3-dB bandwidth of 7 GHz was obtained experimentally from 9 to 16 GHz centered at 12 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Kalman filter based visual tracking algorithm for an object moving in 3D (2002)

Robust and effective real-time visual tracking is realized by combining the first order differential invariants with stochastic filtering. The Kalman filter as an optimal stochastic filter is used to estimate the motion parameters, namely the plant state vector of the moving object with the unknown dynamics in successive image frames. Using the fact that the relative motion between the moving object and the moving observer causes the deformation, we compute the first differential invariants of the image velocity field. The surface orientation and the depth estimate between the observer and the object are computed based on these first order differential invariants. We demonstrate the robustness and feasibility of the proposed tracking algorithm through real experiments in which an X-Y Cartesian robot tracks a toy vehicle moving along 3D rails.
Identification of Coronary Thrombus With a IIb/IIIa Platelet Inhibitor Radiopharmaceutical, Technetium-99m DMP-444 (2000)

Activated platelets participating in acute thrombus formation can be accurately detected by nuclear imaging using Tc-99 m DMP-444.
Activity, specificity and structure of I-Bth0305I: a representative of a new homing endonuclease family (2011)

Novel family of putative homing endonuclease genes was recently discovered during analyses of metagenomic and genomic sequence data. One such protein is encoded within a group I intron that resides in the recA gene of the Bacillus thuringiensis 03058-36 bacteriophage. Named I-Bth0305I, the endonuclease cleaves a DNA target in the uninterrupted recA gene at a position immediately adjacent to the intron insertion site. The enzyme displays a multidomain, homodimeric architecture and footprints a DNA region of ~60 bp. Its highest specificity corresponds to a 14-bp pseudopalindromic sequence that is directly centered across the DNA cleavage site. Unlike many homing endonucleases, the specificity profile of the enzyme is evenly distributed across much of its target site, such that few single base pair substitutions cause a significant decrease in cleavage activity. A crystal structure of its C-terminal domain confirms a nuclease fold that is homologous to very short patch repair (Vsr) endonucleases. The domain architecture and DNA recognition profile displayed by I-Bth0305I, which is the prototype of a homing lineage that we term the 'EDxHD' family, are distinct from previously characterized homing endonucleases.
Activation of Histone Deacetylase-6 Induces Contractile Dysfunction Through Derailment of α-Tubulin Proteostasis in Experimental and Human Atrial Fibrillation (2013)

AF induces remodeling and loss of contractile function, at least in part through HDAC6 activation and subsequent derailment of α-tubulin proteostasis and disruption of the cardiomyocyte microtubule structure. In vivo inhibition of HDAC6 protects against AF-related atrial remodeling, disclosing the potential of HDAC6 as a therapeutic target in clinical AF.
From crowd simulation to airbag deployment: particle systems, a new paradigm of simulation (1997)

Developing generic models to simulate complex behaviors is one of the great challenges of numerical simulation. We present here a generic approach based on particle systems that has proved to be efficient in various kinds of complex situations, such as crowd simulation or airbag deployment. In crowd simulation each particle represents one person of the crowd whose behavior is assigned according to the class it belongs to. In airbag deployment, both the gas mixture and the bag are modeled by particles. In this case, particles don't represent the molecules but abstract blocks chosen to reflect the macroscopic behavior of the system. By describing these two concrete applications, we intend to illustrate how our generic model can be successfully applied to a larger class of problems.
Efficiency improvement in solid-state-dye-sensitized photovoltaics with an amphiphilic Ruthenium-dye (2004)

We report a solid-state-dye-sensitized solar cell with an efficiency of 4% over the standard air mass 1.5 spectrum (100mW∕cm2). This was made possible by using an amphiphilic dye with hydrophobic spacers. We attribute the performance to the self-assembly of the dye to a dense layer on the TiO2 surface with its carboxylate groups as anchors and with its hydrophobic isolating chains as blocking layer between hole conductor and TiO2. In addition we studied the dependence of the thickness of the nanoporous TiO2 layer and the device performance. These results show the high potential for solid-state-dye-sensitized solar cells to compete with amorphous silicon cells as low-cost alternative.
Reclassification of Two Important Moniliformin-Producing Strains of Fusarium, NRRL 6022 and NRRL 6322 (1988)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: Gibberella fujikuroimilletcottonmoniliformin
Interphase cytogenetics of brain tumors (1991)

The development and application of a procedure for interphase cytogenetics on brain tumor material is described. Nuclei isolated from freshly removed brain tumor tissue were investigated for chromosomal aberrations by nonradioactive in situ hybridization with a panel of chromosome-specific probes. The panel consisted of nine satellite DNA probes specific for the centromeric regions of chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 17, 18, X, and Y. For each probe, the number of hybridization signals per cell was determined in 200 nuclei. It was inferred from the hybridization results that in 11 gliomas (seven astrocytomas grade II-IV, three oligodendrogliomas, and one ependymoma) the numerical aberrations were gains of chromosomes 1 (once), 7 (twice), 10 (once), 11 (twice), and X (twice); losses of chromosomes 1 (once), 10 (twice), 17 (twice), and Y (once); and complete tetraploidy (once). Among the 18 investigated meningiomas monosomy 18 and trisomy 17 were observed once and twice, respectively. An additional hybridization with a cosmid probe for the BCR gene on 22q11 indicated monosomy 22q in 11 meningiomas. These results show the value of interphase cytogenetics for the analysis of solid tumors for which it is relatively difficult to obtain sufficient metaphases of good quality for conventional cytogenetics.
Finite-difference lattice Boltzmann model with flux limiters for liquid-vapor systems (2004)

In this paper we apply a finite difference lattice Boltzmann model to study the phase separation in a two-dimensional liquid-vapor system. Spurious numerical effects in macroscopic equations are discussed and an appropriate numerical scheme involving flux limiter techniques is proposed to minimize them and guarantee a better numerical stability at very low viscosity. The phase separation kinetics is investigated and we find evidence of two different growth regimes depending on the value of the fluid viscosity as well as on the liquid-vapor ratio.
Tunable Schottky barrier in graphene/graphene-like germanium carbide van der Waals heterostructure (2019)

The structural and electronic properties of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructrue constructed by graphene and graphene-like germanium carbide were investigated by computations based on density functional theory with vdW correction. The results showed that the Dirac cone in graphene can be quite well-preserved in the vdW heterostructure. The graphene/graphene-like germanium carbide interface forms a p-type Schottky contact. The p-type Schottky barrier height decreases as the interlayer distance decreases and finally the contact transforms into a p-type Ohmic contact, suggesting that the Schottky barrier can be effectively tuned by changing the interlayer distance in the vdW heterostructure. In addition, it is also possible to modulate the Schottky barrier in the graphene/graphene-like germanium carbide vdW heterostructure by applying a perpendicular electric field. In particular, the positive electric field induces a p-type Ohmic contact, while the negative electric field results in the transition from a p-type to an n-type Schottky contact. Our results demonstrate that controlling the interlayer distance and applying a perpendicular electric field are two promising methods for tuning the electronic properties of the graphene/graphene-like germanium carbide vdW heterostructure, and they can yield dynamic switching among p-type Ohmic contact, p-type Schottky contact, and n-type Schottky contact in a single graphene-based nanoelectronics device.
NCSU_SAS_SAM: Deep Encoding and Reconstruction for Normalization of Noisy Text (2015)

As a participant in the W-NUT Lexical Normalization for English Tweets challenge, we use deep learning to address the constrained task. Specifically, we use a combination of two augmented feed forward neural networks, a flagger that identifies words to be normalized and a normalizer, to take in a single token at a time and output a corrected version of that token. Despite avoiding off-the-shelf tools trained on external data and being an entirely context-free model, our system still achieved an F1-score of 81.49%, comfortably surpassing the next runner up by 1.5% and trailing the second place model by only 0.26%.
APHA’s member groups gather for business, socials in Philadelphia (2010)

Learning, sharing and honoring outstanding accomplishments took center stage in November as APHA’s many member groups held a full slate of events at the Association’s 137th Annual Meeting in Philadelphia.
Effective mixing of laminar flows at a density interface by an integrated ultrasonic transducer (2008)

An acoustic mixer for glass channel microfluidic systems is presented. An acoustic standing wave, perpendicular to the fluid flow, is generated by the excitation of a miniaturized piezoelectric transducer operated around 10 MHz. The transducer is fabricated into a planar printed circuit board structure, constituting the bottom channel wall, which makes the mixer simple to integrate with a wide selection of microfluidic channel designs. The mixing occurs at a fluid-fluid density interface due to the acoustic radiation force; an analytical expression is derived to qualitatively describe this phenomenon. Only a small density difference in the range of 2-5% is required to achieve 150-270% peak broadening of a fluorescent sample between sheath flows, which we use as a measure of the mixing efficiency. The mixing efficiency is measured with regard to its sensitivity to the density difference, the fluid velocity and the transducer driving frequency. Transducers at different positions along the microchannel make it possible to compare the mixing of straight versus diagonal flows across the transducer surface. We finally demonstrate enhanced chemical lysis of E. coli K12 cells in the device due to active fluid mixing.
Thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients due to vascular microthrombotic disease: pathogenesis based on “two activation theory of the endothelium” (2017)

The pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients (TCIP) has not been established yet. Based on "two-activation theory of the endothelium", TCIP is a manifestation of platelet activation and consumption in association with endotheliopathy. Endotheliopathy occurs in many critical illnesses. An injury to vascular endothelial cells (ECs) from pathogen or insult leads to endothelial dysfunction, which initiates the activation of two distinctly independent molecular pathways (i.e., inflammatory and microthrombotic). The activation of inflammatory pathway occurs due to the release of inflammatory cytokines from injured ECs. Inflammatory cytokines mediate inflammation. The activation of microthrombotic pathway is induced by the activation of platelets and endothelial exocytosis of unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers (ULVWF). Activated platelets are recruited by exocytosed ULVWF, which are anchored to ECs, and together assemble microthrombi consisting of platelet-ULVWF complexes. This microthrombogenesis leads to consumptive thrombocytopenia (i.e., TCIP) and disseminated intravascular microthrombosis (DIT). DIT triggers vascular microthrombotic disease (VMTD), which manifestations include hypoxic multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). The combined syndrome due to the activation of both inflammatory pathway and microthrombotiic pathway is called systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Also, the true nature of "DIC" is endotheliopathy-associated DIT/VMTD (i.e., TTP-like syndrome).
Equilibrium Intermediates in the Reversible Unfolding of Firefly (Photinus pyralis) Luciferase (1997)

Firefly luciferase has been used as a model protein to study cotranslational and chaperone-assisted protein folding. We found conditions for reversible unfolding of luciferase in the absence of cellular factors, and we characterized denaturant-induced equilibrium unfolding transitions and refolding kinetics of the enzyme. Luciferase unfolding induced by guanidinium chloride at 10 degrees C can be described as a four-state equilibrium with two inactive intermediates highly populated around 1 and 3 M denaturant. The transitions occur around 0.3, 1.7, and 3.8 M denaturant. The free energy of denaturation to the first inactive intermediate (DeltaG0N <==> I1 = 15 +/- 3 kJ.mol-1) is small for a protein of 60 kDa. Fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra of the intermediates indicate that I1 has a compact conformation, whereas aromatic side chains are highly exposed in the second intermediate, I2, despite its high content of secondary structure. In the presence of a hydrophilic detergent, significant reactivation of luciferase is observed up to temperatures at which the native protein is unstable. Reactivation kinetics of luciferase are exceedingly slow and probably not limited by proline isomerization, as suggested by their independence from the time spent in the unfolded state.
A comparison of two metaheuristic algorithms for scheduling problem on a heterogeneous CPU/FPGA architecture with communication delays (2017)

This paper considers the problem of scheduling on a heterogeneous CPU/FPGA architecture with communication delays, with the aim of minimizing the makespan (or the schedule length). For this strongly NP-hard problem, we present two iterative algorithms based on simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithms (GAs), which are used to run in the MPSoC an application described in a data flow graph. The performance of the proposed algorithms are evaluated and compared on a set of instances with up to 50 tasks. Computational experiments indicate that the innovative proposed algorithms provide competitive results for the studied problem and that the objective function values obtained are optimal or very close to a lower bound in a reasonable computation time.
Maximizing the performance of photothermal actuators by combining smart materials with supplementary advantages (2017)

The search for higher-performance photothermal microactuators has typically involved unavoidable trade-offs that hinder the demonstration of ubiquitous devices with high energy density, speed, flexibility, efficiency, sensitivity, and multifunctionality. Improving some of these parameters often implies deterioration of others. Photothermal actuators are driven by the conversion of absorbed optical energy into thermal energy, which, by different mechanisms, can produce mechanical displacement of a structure. We present a device that has been strategically designed to show high performance in every metric and respond to optical radiation of selected wavelength bands. The device combines the large energy densities and sensitivity of vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-based actuators with the wavelength-selective absorption properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films of different chiralities. SWNT coatings increased the speed of VO<sub>2</sub> actuators by a factor of 2 while decreasing the power consumption by approximately 50%. Devices coated with metallic SWNT were found to be 1.57 times more responsive to red light than to near-infrared, whereas semiconducting SWNT coatings resulted in 1.42 times higher responsivities to near-infrared light than to red light. The added functionality establishes a link between optical and mechanical domains of high-performance photoactuators and enables the future development of mechanical logic gates and electronic devices that are triggered by optical radiation from different frequency bands.
Induced apoptosis and necrosis by 2-methylfuranonaphthoquinone in human cervical cancer HeLa cells. (2000)

2-Methylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (FNQ3) has been reported to be more cytotoxic to human malignant tumor cell lines than are the corresponding normal epithelial cells. Therefore, we examined the dose response of FNQ3 against human cervical cancer HeLa cells in culture. When 1.25 mg/ml FNQ3 was applied, apoptosis was induced, as determined by an immunohistochemical staining of fragmented genome DNA and cell profiles. Significant inhibition of Bcl-2 oncogene protein expression by the same concentration of FNQ3 also was demonstrated by an immunohistochemical staining method to visualize the expressed cells and Western blot in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Flow-cytometric spectra showed S-phase arrest in cell cycles and the appearance of sub-G1 phase consistent with apoptosis. On the other hand, concentrations of 5 microg/ml or more of FNQ3 induced necrosis. These results show that FNQ3 may act as an antitumor agent to induce apoptosis by affecting Bcl-2 expression and cell cycles, or necrosis as the result of primary mitochondrial injuries.
Assessment of Allelopathic Potential and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Extracts from Three Compositae Plants (2003)

【Some Compositae plants are known to contain biologically active substances that are allelopathic to weeds species as well as antioxidant to foods. Aqueous extracts from leaves of 3 plant species, Cirsium japonica, Kalimeris yomena, and Lactuca saliva, were bioassayed against alfalfa (Medicago saliva) to determine their allelopathic effects. The extracts applied on filter paper in bioassay significantly inhibited root growth of alfalfa. Extracts of 20 g dry tissue $\textrm{L}^{-1}$ from Lactuca sativa showed the most inhibitory effect on alfalfa seedling growth and followed by Cirsium japonica and Kalimeris yomena. Oxidative stability by Rancimat method and antioxidant activity by TBA method for the ground samples were the greatest in Lactuca sativa although were less than that of a commonly used antioxidant, 1% ascorbic acid. Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts on storing meat was stably kept for 28days and was excellent compared to control. These results suggest that three Compositae plants have potent allelopathic and antioxidant effects, and that their activities differ, depending on plant species.】