gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Scene Annotation (2013)

We present a computer-assisted annotation system, together with a labeled dataset and benchmark suite, for evaluating an algorithm's ability to recover hierarchical scene structure.We evolve segmentation groundtruth from the two-dimensional image partition into a tree model that captures both occlusion and object-part relationships among possibly overlapping regions.Our tree model extends the segmentation problem to encompass object detection, object-part containment, and figure-ground ordering.We mitigate the cost of providing richer groundtruth labeling through a new webbased annotation tool with an intuitive graphical interface for rearranging the region hierarchy.Using precomputed superpixels, our tool also guides creation of user-specified regions with pixel-perfect boundaries.Widespread adoption of this human-machine combination should make the inaccuracies of bounding box labeling a relic of the past.Evaluating the state-of-the-art in fully automatic image segmentation reveals that it produces accurate two-dimension partitions, but does not respect groundtruth object-part structure.Our dataset and benchmark is the first to quantify these inadequacies.We illuminate recovery of rich scene structure as an important new goal for segmentation.
Early Chemical Evolution of Nucleic Acids: A Theoretical Model (1977)

Recent experimental work suggests a possible cyclical pathway for early prebiotic oligonucleotide formation that involves (i) dry-state (nontemplate) synthesis of random copolymers with mixed 2',5' and 3',5' bonds, (ii) passage of these oligomers into solution at low temperatures, and (iii) a preferential hydrolysis of the 2',5' bond in any short helices that have formed. This early system could have selected for complementary sequences that were largely 3',5'-linked, but may not have selected efficiently for a single enantiomer of ribose.
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone ameliorates disease activity in an induced murine lupus-like model (2014)

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a neuropeptide exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity in experimental models of autoimmune diseases. However, no studies thus far have examined the effects of α-MSH on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to determine the effects of an α-MSH agonist in induced murine lupus. Here we employed female Balb/cAn mice in which lupus was induced by pristane. Groups of lupus animals were treated daily with the α-MSH analogue [Nle4, DPhe7]-α-MSH (NDP-MSH) (1·25 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally or saline for 180 days. Normal animals comprised the control group. Arthritis incidence, plasma immunoglobulin (Ig)G isotypes, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and plasma cytokines were evaluated. Renal function was assessed by proteinuria and histopathological lesion. Glomerular levels of IgG, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), C3, CD3, melanocortin receptors (MCR)1, corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and α-MSH was estimated by immunohistochemistry. When compared with normal controls, lupus animals exhibited increased arthritis, IgG levels, ANA, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, proteinuria and mesangial cell proliferation together with glomerular expression of α-SMA and iNOS. Glomerular expression of MCR1 was reduced in lupus animals. NDP-MSH treatment reduced arthritis scores by 70% and also diminished IgG1 and IgG2a levels and ANA incidence. In the glomerulus, NDP-MSH treatment reduced cellularity by 50% together with reducing IgG deposits, and expression levels of α-SMA, iNOS and CRF were also all decreased. Taken together, our results suggest for the first time that α-MSH treatment improves several parameters of SLE disease activity in mice, and indicate that this hormone is an interesting potential future treatment option.
<i>FTO</i>, RNA epigenetics and epilepsy (2012)

Several recent landmark papers describing N(6) -methyladenosine (m(6) A) RNA modifications have provided valuable new insights as to the importance of m(6) A in the RNA transcriptome and in furthering the understanding of RNA epigenetics. One endogenous enzyme responsible for demethylating RNA m(6) A, FTO, is highly expressed in the CNS and is likely involved in mRNA metabolism, splicing or other nuclear RNA processing events. microRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small, non-coding transcripts that bind to target mRNAs and inhibit subsequent translation, are highly expressed in the CNS and are associated with several neurological disorders, including epilepsy. miRNAs frequently bind to recognition sequences in the 3'UTR, a region that is also enriched for m(6) A. Certain specific miRNAs are upregulated by neuronal activity and are coupled to epileptogenesis; these miRNAs contain a consensus m(6) A site that if methylated could possibly regulate miRNA processing or function. This commentary highlights aspects from recent papers to propose a functional association between FTO, RNA epigenetics and epilepsy.
Elektrophoretische Untersuchungen an Seren von Hühnerembryonen (1952)

Die Seren von Hühnern verschiedenen Alters: 12-Tage-Embryonen, 15-Tage-Embryonen, Embryonen vor dem Schlüpfen, Eintagskücken, ausgewachsenen Hähnen und einem immunisierten Leghuhn, wurden elektrophoretisch untersucht. In sämtlichen Seren wurde eine Fraktion gefunden, die ihrer Beweglichkeit nach dem γ-Globulin entspricht. Durch die Immunisierung wird ihr Anteil stark erhöht. Während des Schlupfvorgangs wird eine schnellwandernde Fraktion mit etwa derselben Beweglichkeit wie Serumalbumin verstärkt, bei den Embryonen ist diese nur in Spuren vorhanden. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Schlüsse auf die Fähigkeit der Embryonen, Antikörper zu bilden, gezogen.
A Quantitative Comparison of Antibodies to Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 (2016)

Because the antibodies are highly concordant, these results suggest that assays based on the use of these antibodies could yield concordant results. They further suggest that previously described differences in PD-L1 expression in tissue are independent of the antibody used and likely attributable to tumor heterogeneity, assay- or platform-specific variables, or other factors.
Both Relative Insulin Resistance and Defective Islet β-Cell Processing of Proinsulin Are Responsible for Transient Hyperglycemia in Extremely Preterm Infants (2004)

These data suggest that 1) preterm neonates are sensitive to changes in plasma glucose concentration, but proinsulin processing to insulin is partially defective in hyperglycemic preterm neonates; 2) hyperglycemic neonates are relatively resistant to insulin because higher insulin levels are needed to achieve euglycemia in this group compared with normoglycemic neonates. These results also show that insulin infusion is beneficial in extremely preterm infants with transient hyperglycemia.
Effects of a lower-body exoskeleton device on metabolic cost and gait biomechanics during load carriage (2010)

This study investigated the effects on metabolic cost and gait biomechanics of using a prototype lower-body exoskeleton (EXO) to carry loads. Nine US Army participants walked at 1.34 m/s on a 0% grade for 8 min carrying military loads of 20 kg, 40 kg and 55 kg with and without the EXO. Mean oxygen consumption (VO(2)) scaled to body mass and scaled to total mass were significantly higher, by 60% and 41% respectively, when the EXO was worn, compared with the control condition. Mean VO(2) and mean VO(2) scaled to body mass significantly increased with load. The kinematic and kinetic data revealed significant differences between EXO and control conditions, such as walking with a more flexed posture and braking with higher ground reaction force at heel strike when wearing the EXO. Study findings demonstrate that the EXO increased users' metabolic cost while carrying various loads and altered their gait biomechanics compared with conventional load carriage. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: An EXO designed to assist in load bearing was found to raise energy expenditure substantially when tested by soldiers carrying military loads. EXO weight, weight distribution and design elements that altered users' walking biomechanics contributed to the high energy cost. To realise the potential of EXOs, focus on the user must accompany engineering advances.
Hybrid Machine Learning VDM for UAVs in GNSS-denied Environment (2018)

This paper presents a novel approach to enhance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) autonomous navigation, without adding extra load to the vehicle. The proposed approach employs the UAV vehicle dynamic model to aid the navigation estimation in a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)-denied environment, without the need to model any part of the UAV, and avoids the requirement for special equipment during the modeling procedures typically required for vehicle dynamic model-aided navigation. Taking advantage of the available information from previous flights during availability of GNSS, and with the aid of a hybrid machine learning approach, the proposed technique is able to enhance the navigation accuracy during GNSS outage, despite the massive drift occurring from utilizing a low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) during the outage period. Different scenarios are investigated to prove the robustness of the proposed technique, and the results are compared to two types of IMUs with the aid of an inverse mechanization IMU simulator. © 2018 Institute of Navigation
Advances in membrane processes coupled with supercritical fluid technology (2003)

Supercritical fluid and membrane technology may be of great interest to the public due to their environmentally benign applications and less energy consuming requirement.However, some serious drawbacks are still unavoidable when they are applied separately.A novel idea of integrating both supercritical fluid and membrane technology into a single process is proposed.The integration will gain advantages over either supercritical fluid or membrane technology.Research progress in the coupled technology of both supercritical fluid and membrane is reviewed and what have been achieved in the past and what is most concern for academic research and industrial applications of this hybrid technology is presented.The topics such as the recovery of supercritical solvents, modified membrane separation, enhanced supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical reactions in membrane reactors etc., are highlighted.Finally, the key problems and future development direction are pointed out.
Key frame preview techniques for video browsing (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Key frame preview techniques for video browsing Authors: Anita Komlodi Digital Library Research Group, College of Library and Information Services, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Digital Library Research Group, College of Library and Information Services, University of Maryland, College Park, MDView Profile , Gary Marchionini Digital Library Research Group, College of Library and Information Services, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Digital Library Research Group, College of Library and Information Services, University of Maryland, College Park, MDView Profile Authors Info & Claims DL '98: Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital librariesMay 1998 Pages 118–125https://doi.org/10.1145/276675.276688Published:11 May 1998Publication History 46citation1,019DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations46Total Downloads1,019Last 12 Months26Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Towards a 100 Gb/s visible light wireless access network (2015)

Potential visible light communication (VLC) data rates at over 10 Gb/s have been recently demonstrated using light emitting diodes (LEDs). The disadvantage is, LEDs have an inherent trade-off between optical efficiency and bandwidth. Consequently, laser diodes (LDs) can be considered as a very promising alternative for better utilization of the visible light spectrum for communication purposes. This work investigates the communication capabilities of off-the-shelf LDs in a number of scenarios with illumination constraints. The results indicate that optical wireless access data rates in the excess of 100 Gb/s are possible at standard indoor illumination levels.
Patient-reported quality of life is associated with severity of chronic graft-versus-host disease as measured by NIH criteria: report on baseline data from the Chronic GVHD Consortium (2011)

Quality of life (QOL) after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is compromised by chronic GVHD. In a prospectively assembled multicenter cohort of adults with chronic GVHD (n = 298), we examined the relationship between chronic GVHD severity defined by National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria and QOL as measured by the SF-36 and FACT-BMT instruments at time of enrollment. Chronic GVHD severity was independently associated with QOL, adjusting for age. Compared with population normative data, SF-36 scores were more than a SD (10 points) lower on average for the summary physical component score (PCS) and role-physical subscale, and significantly lower (with magnitude 4-10 points) for several other subscales. Patients with moderate and severe cGVHD had PCS scores comparable with scores reported for systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis, and greater impairment compared with common chronic conditions including diabetes, hypertension, and chronic lung disease. Moderate to severe cGVHD as defined by NIH criteria is associated with significant compromise in multiple QOL domains, with PCS scores in the range of other systemic autoimmune diseases. Compromised QOL provides a functional assessment of the effects of chronic GVHD, and may be measured in cGVHD clinical studies using either the SF-36 or the FACT-BMT.
Extracellular ATP and P2Y Receptor Activation Induce a Proinflammatory Host Response in the Human Urinary Tract (2010)

Extracellular ATP can be released by many cell types under conditions of cellular stress and signals through activation of purinergic receptors. Bladder uroepithelial cells grown in vitro have previously been shown to release ATP in response to stretch. In the present study, we investigated ATP release from uroepithelial cells infected with bacteria and the effect of ATP on the host cell proinflammatory interleukin 8 (IL-8) response. The human kidney epithelial cell line A498 and the human uroepithelial cell line UROtsa were grown in culture and stimulated by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) IA2 strain or the stable ATP analogue ATP-gamma-S. ATP and IL-8 levels were measured in cell culture medium with a luciferin-luciferase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The results showed that UPEC infection of uroepithelial cells for 1 h significantly increased (P < 0.01) the extracellular ATP levels. ATP-gamma-S (10 and 100 microM) stimulated release of IL-8 from UROtsa and A498 cells after 6 and 24 h. Experiments with different purinoceptor agonists suggested that P2Y receptors, and not P2X receptors, were responsible for the ATP-gamma-S-induced IL-8 release. The potency profile further suggested involvement of P2Y(1), P2Y(2), and/or P2Y(11) receptors, and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) studies confirmed that the cells expressed these receptors. The amount of IL-8 released increased 12-fold in UPEC-infected cells, and apyrase, an enzyme that degrades ATP, reduced this increase by approximately 50%. The present study suggests that enhanced ATP release and P2Y receptor activation during urinary tract infection may represent a novel, non-TLR4-mediated mechanism for production of proinflammatory IL-8 in human urinary tract epithelial cells.
Adhesiveless Transfer Printing of Ultrathin Microscale Semiconductor Materials by Controlling the Bending Radius of an Elastomeric Stamp (2016)

High-performance electronic devices integrated onto unconventional substrates provide opportunities for use in diverse applications, such as wearable or implantable forms of electronic devices. However, the interlayer adhesives between the electronic devices and substrates often limit processing temperature or cause electrical or thermal resistance at the interface. This paper introduces a very simple but effective transfer printing method that does not require an interlayer adhesive. Controlling the bending radius of a simple flat stamp enables picking up or printing of microscale semiconductor materials onto rigid, curvilinear, or flexible surfaces without the aid of a liquid adhesive. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal the underlying mechanism of the suggested approach. Adhesiveless printing of thin Si plates onto diverse substrates demonstrates the capability of this method.
Alleviating scalability issues of checkpointing protocols (2012)

Current fault tolerance protocols are not sufficiently scalable for the exascale era. The most-widely used method, coordinated checkpointing, places enormous demands on the I/O subsystem and imposes frequent synchronizations. Uncoordinated protocols use message logging which introduces message rate limitations or undesired memory and storage requirements to hold payload and event logs. In this paper we propose a combination of several techniques, namely coordinated checkpointing, optimistic message logging, and a protocol that glues them together. This combination eliminates some of the drawbacks of each individual approach and proves to be an alternative for many types of exascale applications. We evaluate performance and scaling characteristics of this combination using simulation and a partial implementation. While not a universal solution, the combined protocol is suitable for a large range of existing and future applications that use coordinated checkpointing and enhances their scalability.
Long-term multilineage expression in peripheral blood from a Moloney murine leukemia virus vector after serial transplantation of transduced bone marrow cells (2000)

Using a mouse bone marrow transplantation model, the authors evaluated a Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV)-based vector encoding 2 anti-human immunodeficiency virus genes for long-term expression in blood cells. The vector also encoded the human nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) to serve as a cell-surface marker for in vivo tracking of transduced cells. NGFR(+) cells were detected in blood leukocytes of all mice (n=16; range 16%-45%) 4 to 5 weeks after transplantation and were repeatedly detected in blood erythrocytes, platelets, monocytes, granulocytes, T cells, and B cells of all mice for up to 8 months. Transgene expression in individual mice was not blocked in the various cell lineages of the peripheral blood and spleen, in several stages of T-cell maturation in the thymus, or in the Lin(-/lo)Sca-1(+) and c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) subsets of bone marrow cells highly enriched for long-term multilineage-reconstituting activity. Serial transplantation of purified NGFR(+)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) bone marrow cells resulted in the reconstitution of multilineage hematopoiesis by donor type NGFR(+) cells in all engrafted mice. The authors concluded that MMLV-based vectors were capable of efficient and sustained transgene expression in multiple lineages of peripheral blood cells and hematopoietic organs and in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations. Differentiation of engrafting HSC to peripheral blood cells is not necessarily associated with dramatic suppression of retroviral gene expression. In light of earlier studies showing that vector elements other than the long-terminal repeat enhancer, promoter, and primer binding site can have an impact on long-term transgene expression, these findings accentuate the importance of empirically testing retroviral vectors to determine lasting in vivo expression.
A Web Service Architecture for Revenue-Earning Information Products (2006)

Industries are adopting Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) for multi-organizational federated information systems where there is synergistic value in combined services. By contributing information services to the federation, each participant benefits from integrated access to services provided by other participants. However, integrated information services for use by external customers, based on SOA, are rare. One reason for this is the absence of technical mechanisms for information providers to share in the financial rewards associated with the provision of integrated information products to end customers. This article explores issues associated with the design of charging mechanisms within SOAs that permit dynamic composition of services in order to achieve customer goals. It proposes a suite of service components that can implement charging functions and explains their application within an application scenario. The scenario concerns an integrated service that is of interest to customers in local government practice, sociological research, and real property investment.
Effect of liposome dose on the elimination of small unilamellar sphingomyelin/cholesterol vesicles from the circulation. (1983)

The effect of the liposome dose of bovine brain sphingomyelin/cholesterol (2/1; mol/mol) small unilamellar vesicles (mean diameter 187 42A) on the rate of elimination of the vesicles from the circulation of mice was investigated. The results of the study indicated that the relative rate of elimination of the vesicles from the blood depended on the amount of intravenously administered liposomal lipid. The distribution of the liposomes in vivo was followed by monitoring entrapped In-111. In all tissues examined, the uptake of the liposomes was a dose-dependent process. An examination of the dose dependency of the distribution of the administered liposomes in the blood and liver at 23 hours post-injection, and of the kinetics of the elimination of these vesicles from the blood, suggests a hepatic uptake process involving two parallel pathways. One pathway is apparently a capacity-limited Michaelis-Menten process; the other pathway is a linear, non-saturable process. These pathways operate in parallel but respectively dominate at the low end and the high end of the dose range examined.