gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Appearance of Vascular Stents in Computed Tomographic Angiography (2001)

In most stents, reliable evaluation of the stent lumen seems possible. However, knowledge of the artifacts caused by different stent types is useful for the assessment of stent patency with CT angiography.
Development of a High‐Titer Retrovirus Producer Cell Line and Strategies for Retrovirus‐mediated Gene Transfer into Rhesus Monkey Hematopoietic Stem Cells (1990)

Retroviral-mediated gene transfer into pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells has been difficult to achieve in large animal models. We have compared several infection protocols in a murine model system and concluded that bone marrow can be maintained and infected in vitro for 2-6 days. We have also developed an amphotropic producer clone that generates greater than 10(10) recombinant retroviral particles (CFU) per milliliter of culture medium. Autologous rhesus monkey bone marrow cells were co-cultured with either high- (2 x 10(10) CFU/ml) or low- (5 x 10(6) CFU/ml) titer producer clones for 4-6 days and reinfused into sublethally irradiated animals. The proviral genome was detected in blood and bone marrow cells from all three animals reconstituted with cells co-cultured with the high-titer producer cells. In contrast, three animals reconstituted with bone marrow co-cultured with the low-titer producer clone exhibited no evidence of gene transfer.
The rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase gene. Implications for protein structure, function, and tissue specificity. (1987)

Sequence homologies between bacterial and rabbit muscle phosphofructokinases and between the amino- and carboxyl-terminal halves of the latter suggest that the mammalian enzyme evolved from a prokaryotic progenitor by gene duplication and divergence (Poorman, R. A., Randolph, A., Kemp, R. G., and Heinrikson, R. L. (1984) Nature 309, 467-469). We have isolated the gene for the rabbit enzyme and determined the nucleotide sequence for all the exons and most of the introns. This represents the first eukaryotic phosphofructokinase gene ever sequenced. The cloned gene is 17 kilobase pairs long. The coding sequence for 780 amino acids is split into 22 exons ranging in size from 15 to 63 codons. Sequence analysis shows that 75% of the bases at the third position of the codons in these exons are either G or C. Exons XV and XVI code for the 30 amino acid residues which were left unidentified in the published primary structure for this enzyme. When overlaid on the structure of the protein, most of the introns are located between or near the ends of the secondary structural elements but not at analogous positions in the two protein-coding halves of the gene.
Wire bonds over active circuits (2002)

A reliable process-for wire bonding over active integrated circuits, which are subsequently assembled in plastic packages, has been developed. This technology accommodates reducing the silicon die area required for bond pads and for on-chip bussing. Further, it supports area array wire bonding by allowing larger bond pads with relaxed pitch without sacrificing silicon area. This is accomplished by processing an additional metal layer on the wafer's protective overcoat for bond pad and bussing metallization. A stress buffer layer of polyimide is applied between the inorganic overcoat and top metal layer. Material characteristics and process requirements that are fully compatible with existing wafer fabrication technology and the wire bond technology required for assembly are defined. Design rules for implementing the process in new chip designs are given. Accelerated reliability tests performed on double-level metal logic devices show no degradation due to these new processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Risk factors for RhD immunisation despite antenatal and postnatal anti‐D prophylaxis (2009)

In at least half of the failures of anti-D Ig prophylaxis, a condition related to increased fetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH) and/or insufficient anti-D Ig levels was observed. Hence, RhD immunisation may be further reduced by strict compliance to guidelines concerning determination of FMH and accordingly adjusted anti-D Ig prophylaxis, or by routine administration of extra anti-D Ig after a non-spontaneous delivery and/or a complicated or prolonged third stage of labour.
A Privacy Enhancing Service Architecture for Ticket-based Mobile Applications (2007)

Network operators gradually open their interfaces to formerly hidden services. This fosters the development of a new class of mobile applications that take into account user's location and presence information. However, this development also raises problems especially the lack of protection of privacy in location-based services. This paper proposes a service architecture that is aimed at overcoming some of the shortages of currently existing context-aware applications that make use of network providers services as well as existing mobile payment systems. We therefore introduce the combination of tickets together with a novel privacy enhancing mechanism that is based on the notion of pseudonyms. Compared to other privacy enhancing solutions our pseudonym mechanism can also be implemented on mobile devices that have some restrictions regarding resources like memory or processing power. Due to their flexibility tickets can be used for many different kinds of applications. One important aspect in this respect is the highly postulated pay-as-you-go model. We give an example of a transport ticket application and explain the message interaction patterns for the basic functionalities of the systems, regarding aspects like data and privacy protection. This example further shows how 3rd party application providers can build meaningful mobile applications that are accepted by users
Crystallization ability and optical and electrical properties of Ge10(Se-Te)90 and Ge30(Se-Te)70 chalcogenide glassy semiconductors (2011)

Chalcogenide glassy semiconductors of the ternary system Ge-Se-Te along the Ge10(Se-Te)90 and Ge30(Se-Te)70 joins have been synthesized. The crystallization ability, near-IR transmission spectra, and temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of the alloys obtained have been studied. It is shown that chalcogenide glassy semiconductors along the Ge10(Se-Te)90 join have a lower softening and crystallization points compared with semiconductors belonging to the Ge30(Se-Te)70 join. A change in the electrical conductivity of samples by several orders of magnitude occurs upon a phase transition from the glassy to the crystalline state. Compositions of chalcogenide glassy semiconductors in the Ge-Se-Te system are found, which have α < 1 cm−1 absorption coefficient at wavelengths of λ ≈ 1.5 μm and exhibit a thermally induced phase transition from the glassy to the crystalline state.
Hereditary stomatocytosis: membrane and metabolism studies (1975)

Abstract A defect in the protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of erythrocyte membrane proteins, previously unrecognized in stomatocytosis, was discovered in a boy with hereditary stomatocytosis and severe hemolytic anemia. The high-sodium, low-potassium erythrocytes of this patient were remarkably permeable to both sodium and potassium. The rate of ouabain-inhibitable active cation transport was more than ten times normal and was sustained by an increase of similar magnitude in glycolysis. The deformability in vitro of fresh stomatocytes was reduced and deteriorated further after a brief period of incubation with glucose. Ferrokinetic studies showed that these rigid cells were sequestered by the spleen. When stomatocytes were deprived of glucose in vitro, ATP depletion and ATPase cation pump failure rapidly ensued. Because of their permeability defect, such depleted cells rapidly became swollen and lysed. Prolonged entrapment in acidic, hypoglycemic regions of the spleen would recapitulate these unfavorable events in vivo. In this regard, splenectomy was followed by an improvement in erythrocyte survival, although evidence of continuing hemolysis was obtained.
Characterization and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Distribution of a Cloned Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Type I Receptor in the Frog Xenopus laevis Brain (2000)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been found to modulate neuroendocrine functions in the frog brain and pituitary, but the nucleotide sequence and brain distribution of messenger RNA (mRNA) for the selective type I receptor for PACAP (PAC1) in the frog are still unknown. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a PAC1 receptor complementary DNA (cDNA) clone from a frog (Xenopus laevis) tadpole brain cDNA library. This cDNA encoded a 466-amino acid protein that has 74% homology with human PAC1 receptor and 48% homology to the frog vasoactive intestinal peptide/PACAP receptor. Injection of in vitro synthesized mRNA of the cloned cDNA into Xenopus oocytes resulted in expression of selective high affinity PACAP receptors (Kd = 47 pm). IC50 values for PACAP-38, PACAP-27, and VIP were 27 pm, 110 pm and >1 μm, respectively. These results indicated that the cloned cDNA represents a Xenopus PACAP-preferring PAC1 receptor. Northern hybridization revealed that PAC1 receptor mRNA was present at high levels in the brain. In situ hybridization showed that the PAC1 receptor gene was expressed highly in the pallium, preoptic nucleus, and nucleus of cerebellum, and moderately in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum. Moderate PAC1 receptor mRNA signals were detected in the distal lobe of the pituitary. A knowledge of the molecular structure and expression pattern of the PAC1 receptor will facilitate further investigation of the physiological roles of PAC1 receptor in the frog brain.
Le principe d'arbitrage en economie financiere (1988)

This paper shows the power of the arbitrage principle in financial economics. This principle yields some equilibrium conditions which can be used to calculate the values of many securities and financial assets. It is applied to the comparison between American and European options. It is also shown how the principle may serve to evaluate derivative assets.
Food processing and allergenicity (2015)

Food processing can have many beneficial effects. However, processing may also alter the allergenic properties of food proteins. A wide variety of processing methods is available and their use depends largely on the food to be processed. In this review the impact of processing (heat and non-heat treatment) on the allergenic potential of proteins, and on the antigenic (IgG-binding) and allergenic (IgE-binding) properties of proteins has been considered. A variety of allergenic foods (peanuts, tree nuts, cows' milk, hens' eggs, soy, wheat and mustard) have been reviewed. The overall conclusion drawn is that processing does not completely abolish the allergenic potential of allergens. Currently, only fermentation and hydrolysis may have potential to reduce allergenicity to such an extent that symptoms will not be elicited, while other methods might be promising but need more data. Literature on the effect of processing on allergenic potential and the ability to induce sensitisation is scarce. This is an important issue since processing may impact on the ability of proteins to cause the acquisition of allergic sensitisation, and the subject should be a focus of future research. Also, there remains a need to develop robust and integrated methods for the risk assessment of food allergenicity.
Gossypol--a new antifertility agent for males. (1978)

Gossypol is capable of inhibiting the fertility of male rats. On administration of gossypol the spermatids are damaged first. With the increase in dosage and duration of treatment the spermatocytes are also damaged. In the epidymis there are exfoliated spermatids and spermatocytes with numerous dead spermatozoa many of which had their heads and fails separated. The sperm count gradually decreases until azoospermia. Electron microscopic examinations reveal changes in the acrosomes and mitochondrial spiral sheath. Interstitial cells of the testis seemed to be unaffected. Over 4,000 healthy men have been on gossypol for more than 6 months. The antifertility efficacy evaluated by semen examination is 99.89%. Side effects are mild and of low incidence. A few of the subjects are found to be hypokalemic. However, it remains to be elucidated if gossypol is related to the development of hypokalemia.
Process automation for photovoltaic module assembly and testing (2002)

Automated processes are being developed at Spire Corporation for photovoltaic (PV) module production. These processes address the module assembly and testing tasks done after lamination. Two automated systems have been designed, built and tested: a buffer system for dispensing and storing modules; and a system for testing module safety and performance. Two additional systems are now under development: an edge trimmer for removing excess encapsulant and back cover film from module edges after lamination, and an edge sealer and framer for dispensing edge sealant and installing frames on trimmed modules. The system designs and automated processes developed in this program are presented.
Prognostic Impact of Specific Chromosomal Aberrations in a Large Group of Pediatric Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated Uniformly According to Trial AML-BFM 98 (2010)

Because the prognostic value of rare recurrent chromosomal aberrations still has to be elucidated, these data will contribute to future risk stratification for the treatment of pediatric AML.
Iterative Policy Learning in End-to-End Trainable Task-Oriented Neural Dialog Models (2017)

In this paper, we present a deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework for iterative dialog policy optimization in end-to-end task-oriented dialog systems. Popular approaches in learning dialog policy with RL include letting a dialog agent to learn against a user simulator. Building a reliable user simulator, however, is not trivial, often as difficult as building a good dialog agent. We address this challenge by jointly optimizing the dialog agent and the user simulator with deep RL by simulating dialogs between the two agents. We first bootstrap a basic dialog agent and a basic user simulator by learning directly from dialog corpora with supervised training. We then improve them further by letting the two agents to conduct task-oriented dialogs and iteratively optimizing their policies with deep RL. Both the dialog agent and the user simulator are designed with neural network models that can be trained end-to-end. Our experiment results show that the proposed method leads to promising improvements on task success rate and total task reward comparing to supervised training and single-agent RL training baseline models.
Rapid Detection, by PCR and Reverse Hybridization, of Mutations in the <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> 23S rRNA Gene, Associated with Macrolide Resistance (1999)

A PCR-based reverse hybridization system (research prototype kit INNO-LiPA for H. pylori resistance) was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of 23S ribosomal DNA point mutations, associated with macrolide resistance in Helicobacter pylori. Fifty-seven H. pylori strains (51 natural, 6 laboratory-derived artificial, 52 resistant, and 5 susceptible strains) were tested by PCR-LiPA (detecting mutations A2115-->G, G2141-->A, A2142-->G, A2142-->C, A2143-->G, A2143-->C, and A2143-->T), DNA sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and/or hybridization to oligonucleotide probes. Results were highly concordant, but PCR-LiPA appears to be more sensitive for the simultaneous detection of multiple mutants.
Use of time-resolved IR reflection and transmission as a probe of carrier dynamics in semiconductors (1991)

We discuss the use of time-resolved IR reflection and transmission for studying semiconductor carrier dynamics. We solve Maxwell's equations for a nonhomogeneous carrier distribution in the limit of small perturbation. We show that the IR probe is sensitive to the spatial profile of the carrier density far below the surface. We present results of measurements for InP:Fe that demonstrate the advantages of this technique.
Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease Inhibitors through a Combination of High-Throughput Screening and a FlipGFP-Based Reporter Assay (2021)

The papain-like protease (PL<sup>pro</sup>) of SARS-CoV-2 is a validated antiviral drug target. Through a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based high-throughput screening and subsequent lead optimization, we identified several PL<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors including <b>Jun9-72-2</b> and <b>Jun9-75-4</b> with improved enzymatic inhibition and antiviral activity compared to <b>GRL0617</b>, which was reported as a SARS-CoV PL<sup>pro</sup> inhibitor. Significantly, we developed a cell-based FlipGFP assay that can be applied to predict the cellular antiviral activity of PL<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors in the BSL-2 setting. X-ray crystal structure of PL<sup>pro</sup> in complex with <b>GRL0617</b> showed that binding of <b>GRL0617</b> to SARS-CoV-2 induced a conformational change in the BL2 loop to a more closed conformation. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that <b>Jun9-72-2</b> and <b>Jun9-75-4</b> engaged in more extensive interactions than <b>GRL0617</b>. Overall, the PL<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors identified in this study represent promising candidates for further development as SARS-CoV-2 antivirals, and the FlipGFP-PL<sup>pro</sup> assay is a suitable surrogate for screening PL<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors in the BSL-2 setting.
Peripheral antinociceptive effect of an adenosine kinase inhibitor, with augmentation by an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, in the rat formalin test (1998)

This study examined the ability of an adenosine kinase inhibitor (5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine; NH2dAD), an adenosine deaminase inhibitor (2'-deoxycoformycin), and combinations of these agents to produce a peripheral modulation of the pain signal in the low concentration formalin model. Drugs were administered in combination with 0.5% formalin, or into the contralateral hindpaw to test for systemic effects, and episodes of flinching behaviors determined. Coadministration of NH2dAD 0.1-100 nmol with formalin produced antinociception as revealed by an inhibition of flinching behaviors. This action was peripherally mediated as it was not seen following contralateral administration of the NH2dAD, and was due to accumulation of adenosine and activation of cell surface adenosine receptors as it was blocked by the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine. Antinociception was intensity-dependent, as it was not seen when higher concentrations of formalin (0.75%, 1.5%) were used. The coadministration of the selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine revealed the presence of an inhibitory tone of adenosine when the intrinsic antinociceptive effect of NH2dAD was obscured by the solvent or the stimulus intensity. 2'-Deoxycoformycin 0.1-100 nmol did not produce any intrinsic effect, but 100 nmol coadministered with low concentrations of NH2dAD, which lacked an intrinsic effect, augmented antinociception by NH2dAD. Again, this was a peripheral rather than a systemic response. The combined action of the adenosine kinase and deaminase inhibitors was completely reversed by coadministration of caffeine. Antinociception with NH2dAD is observed at higher concentrations of formalin in second trial experiments. This study demonstrates a peripheral antinociceptive action mediated by endogenous adenosine which accumulates following the peripheral inhibition of adenosine kinase; this action is due to activation of an adenosine A1 receptor.
Durable, superhydrophobic, antireflection, and low haze glass surfaces using scalable metal dewetting nanostructuring (2013)

In this paper we report a multifunctional nanostructured surface on glass that, for the first time, combines a wide range of optical, wetting and durability properties, including low omnidirectional reflectivity, low haze, high transmission, superhydrophobicity, oleophobicity, and high mechanical resistance. Nanostructures have been fabricated on a glass surface by reactive ion etching through a nanomask, which is formed by dewetting ultrathin metal films (< 10 nm thickness) subjected to rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The nanostructures strongly reduce the initial surface reflectivity (∼4%), to less than 0.4% in the 390–800 nm wavelength range while keeping the haze at low values (< 0.9%). The corresponding water contact angle (θ c) is ∼24.5°, while that on a flat surface is ∼43.5°. The hydrophilic wetting nanostructure can be changed into a superhydrophobic and oleophobic surface by applying a fluorosilane coating, which achieves contact angles for water and oil of ∼156.3° and ∼116.2°, respectively. The multicomponent composition of the substrate (Corning® glass) enables ion exchange through the surface, so that the nanopillars’ mechanical robustness increases, as is demonstrated by the negligible changes in surface morphology and optical performance after 5,000-run wipe test. The geometry of the nanoparticles forming the nanomask depends on the metal material, initial metal thickness and RTA parameters. In particular we show that by simply changing the initial thickness of continuous Cu films we can tailor the metal nanoparticles’ surface density and size. The developed surface nanostructuring does not require expensive lithography, thus it can be controlled and implemented on an industrial scale, which is crucial for applications.
Immunity to Eimeria tenella in Chickens: Phenotypical and Functional Changes in Peripheral Blood T-Cell Subsets (1996)

The changes in peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) T-cell subsets following Eimeria tenella infection in outbred white leghorn chickens were studied, using a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the chicken homologues of the mammalian CD3, CD8, and CD4 markers on day-to-day samples of PBLs. Both flow cytometric analysis (FCA) and immunofluorescence microscopy with fixed cells on slides were used as read-out systems. The changes in the composition of the T-cell subsets measured with both techniques were similar. At 8 days post primary infection, a sharp transitory increase in the proportion of CD8-expressing cells was found. With FCA, CD8-expressing cells could be discriminated in CD8(Dim+) and CD8(Bright+) populations, which have not been described before. The proportion of CD4-expressing cells was decreased at days 9-10 after primary infection, which coincided with a less marked decrease in CD3-expressing cells. Such effects were not seen after secondary infection. When PBLs collected at day 8 post primary infection were stimulated in vitro with E. tenella sporozoite antigen, the response was higher than that in uninfected control chickens. The effects we observed coincide with the onset of recovery from primary infection. We speculate that the increase in CD8-expressing PBLs is the result of stimulation and expansion of a specific subset involved in the induction of protective immunity against Eimeria tenella.
Loudspeaker fault detection using time-frequency representations (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of loudspeaker testing. Two applications are investigated: loudspeaker manufacturing fault detection and maintenance. In order to comply with practical requirements, we propose a new, brief, nonstationary test signal. Recorded loudspeaker responses are processed using an improved time-frequency decision algorithm. The fault detection procedure is tested with real data. The results show its accuracy and practical interest.