gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow Cytometric Ultrasensitive Molecular Detection And Applications (1989)

The traditional domain of flow cytometry has been the measurement of properties of discrete biological particles - primarily cells or chromosomes. In actuality, most flow cytometric fluorescence measurements of cellular properties are determinations of the amount of a specific type of molecule such as DNA or a cell surface antigen. Since the early developments in flow cytometry, there has been a continuing quest for more sensitive instruments and for techniques to detect and quantitate lower levels of cellular components. The effort described here is directed at increasing the sensitivity of molecular detection by laser induced fluorescence to the point that single molecules can be both detected and identified.
Tuning magnetic properties for domain wall pinning via localized metal diffusion (2017)

Precise control of domain wall displacement in nanowires is essential for application in domain wall based memory and logic devices. Currently, domain walls are pinned by creating topographical notches fabricated by lithography. In this paper, we propose localized diffusion of non-magnetic metal into ferromagnetic nanowires by annealing induced mixing as a non-topographical approach to form pinning sites. As a first step to prove this new approach, magnetodynamic properties of permalloy (Ni<sub>80</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>) films coated with different capping layers such as Ta, Cr, Cu and Ru were investigated. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), and anisotropy magnetoresistance (AMR) measurements were carried out after annealing the samples at different temperatures (T <sub>an</sub> ). The saturation magnetization of Ni<sub>80</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub> film decreased, and damping constant increased with T <sub>an</sub> . X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed increased diffusion of Cr into the middle of Ni<sub>80</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub> layers with T <sub>an</sub> . The resistance vs magnetic field measurements on nanowires showed intriguing results.
The Deadline Floor Protocol and Ada (2016)

This short paper summarises the current status of the proposal to incorporate the Deadline Floor Protocol into the Ada Real-Time Annex. A Draft Ada Issue is given to help focus the discussion at the workshop.
Enhanced Ionic Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes Containing Nanocomposite<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Particles (2003)

We report a new kind of polyethlene oxide (PEO)-Li based composite polymer electrolyte containing active nanocomposite particles with ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC) plasticizers embedded in mesoporous SiO2 (EC/PC-SiO2). A very large enhancement of the ionic conductivity was observed for the PEO-Li/(EC/PC-SiO2) electrolytes. This could be attributed mainly to conducting EC/PC nanochannels in the active nanocomposite particles. This unique mechanism is absent in currently known nanocomposite polymer electrolytes with inert oxide nanoparticles. Both high ionic conductivity and excellent stability of such new nanocomposite polymer electrolytes potentially makes it one of the most promising electrolyte materials.
Narcotic Properties of Carbon Dioxide in the Dog (1967)

PaCO2 ranging from 15 mm. to 95 mm. of mercury with arterial pH values from 7.64 to 7.10 bad no effect on the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) for halothane in dogs. PaCO2 levels above 95 mm. of mercury with arterial pH below 7.10 were progressively narcotic, and replaced the halothane required to maintain a constant depth of anesthesia. Anesthesia was achieved with CO2 alone at PaCO2 of 245 mm. of mercury. The mechanism of CO2 narcosis correlated well (P>0.05) with the pH changes in the brain as measured in the cisternal CSF, and appeared to be independent of arterial pH, PaCO2 and cerebrospinal fluid PCO2
Code Conflicts for High Pressure Flowlines and Steel Catenary Risers (1997)

Abstract There is a growing concern among pipeline engineers in the offshore industry that the existing pipeline codes lead to overly conservative designs for the class of high pressure flowlines that transport unprocessed well fluids from subsea wells or subsea manifolds to the first downstream processing facility, usually located on a nearby platform. Of greatest interest are flowlines and steel catenary risers whose designs are dominated by the well shut in pressure, a loading which acts on a flowline only in rare events such as when several subsea valves fail simultaneously. Significant savings in materials, welding, and installation costs can be achieved, together with adequate safety, by changing to a limit state design based on the actual burst strength of pipe. Upgrades to both lay vessels and production platforms to handle the weight of thick walled flowlines and risers can be minized with this design approach. This paper presents rationale for future code changes and describes attempts under way to make these changes. Appeal is made to the offshore industry to create a large data base of pipe burst tests. These data data be shared by various code committees to develop less conservative design formulas for subsea flowlines and risers. The ultimate aim is to provide a cost effective and reliable design providing a uniform factor of safety independent of pipe size, wall thickness, and grade. Introduction Design rules in the existing ASME and API pipeline codes and their counterparts in the U. S. federal regulations generally result in overly conservative designs for high pressure subsea flowlines and steel catenary risers that are connected between subsea production wells and their host platforms, as illustrated in Figure 1. The platform may be a fixed platform, a compliant tower, a tension leg platform, a floating production system, or a SPAR, etc., and the subsea facility may be a single satellite well or a subsea multi-well manifold The typical design outcome is a thick-wall pipe with low D/t ratio, having a burst safety factor between 2 and 4, will be demonstrated by the examples presented below. This compares with burst safety factors of most existing pipelines that fall between about 1.5 and 2.5. Consequently, unnecessarily large steel and welding cost penalties must be paid for flowlines to a deepwater field development project, and major upgrades to layvessels and platform structures may be required to handle the increased weight of the thick-wall flowlines. This is particularly critical for floating platforms where added buoyancy is very expensive. The main f8ctor leading to this conservatism is the Barlow formula, which was introduced into pipeline design practice in the 1 930's and which loosely relates the maximum hoop stress with the initial yield stress.
Beckman Rearrangements. A New Method (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBeckman Rearrangements. A New MethodE. C. Horning and V. L. StrombergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 10, 2680–2681Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01130a507https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01130a507research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radio-imaging in small animals (1999)

As the resolution of radio-imaging systems improves, the prospect of in-vivo imaging of small animals becomes more attractive. Purpose-built positron emission tomography (PET) scanners capable of imaging individual tissues within the rat brain are now in routine experimental use and in-vivo tracer and saturation-kinetic studies are now possible. The study of small animals in this way does have intrinsic problems and constraints associated with it. For example, the animal must be completely immobilized, stable ligand within the radiolabelled preparation may be limiting and anatomical definition may be poor. In spite of this, consistent, semi-quantitative data can be produced and in-vivo radio-imaging can provide a genuine and unique complement to more conventional techniques. Animal numbers can be significantly reduced and the quality of data improved due to reduced inter-animal variation, and longitudinal studies, to monitor disease progression, are feasible. As the resolution of imaging systems improves still further, such studies could be extended to mouse, in addition to rat, models of disease.
Simple method for the fabrication of a high dielectric constant metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor embedded with Pt nanoparticles (2006)

We present a simple method for the fabrication of Pt nanoparticles embedded in a high-k dielectric. The nanoparticles are formed during the first deposition stages of a thin Pt layer on a 30Å SiO2 tunneling layer, at room temperature, performed with electron-beam (e-beam) evaporation of metallic Pt. Then, the nanoparticles are covered, in situ, by a thicker HfO2 layer, which forms a control oxide. The fabricated nanoparticles have an average diameter of 4.9nm, sheet density of 3.2×1012cm−2 and they present high uniformity in their size. High-frequency capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements demonstrate that this structure operates as a memory device.
Analysis of the stimulatory effect of splicing on mRNA production and utilization in mammalian cells (2003)

We have examined how splicing affects the expression of a range of human and nonhuman genes in vertebrate cells. Although our data demonstrate that splicing invariably enhances the level of gene expression, this positive effect is generally moderate. However, in the case of the human beta-globin gene, splicing is essential for significant protein expression. In the absence of introns, 3' end processing is inefficient, and this appears to be causally linked to a significant decrease in the level of both nuclear and cytoplasmic 3' end-processed RNA. In contrast, splicing appears to only modestly enhance nuclear mRNA export. Consistent with this observation, intronless beta-globin gene expression was only partially rescued by the insertion of retroviral nuclear mRNA export elements. Surprisingly, in the case of the highly intron dependent beta-globin gene, the mRNA that did reach the cytoplasm was also only inefficiently translated if it derived from an intronless expression plasmid. Together, these data argue that splicing can increase gene expression by enhancing mRNA 3' end processing, and hence, mRNA production. Moreover, in the case of the highly intron-dependent beta-globin gene, splicing also significantly enhanced the translational utilization of cytoplasmic beta-globin mRNAs.
PRODUCTION OF BLAZED HOLOGRAMS (1968)

The concept of the blazed hologram as a special case of the Denisyuk hologram is discussed. Experimental production of blazed holograms is described. Blazed diffraction gratings, a form of blazed hologram, have been produced with 73% of the diffracted light concentrated in one first-order maximum.
Role of insulin in the intermediary metabolism of the activated thymic-derived lymphocyte. (1981)

The hypothesis that a role for insulin in the metabolism of T cells would be evident after cell activation when receptors appear was tested to validate the T cell model and to analyze the mechanism by which insulin may function in immunoregulation. Measuring the flux rates of 3-O-[methyl-3H]-D-glucose and aminoisobutyric acid, alpha-[1-14C], lactate production and oxidation, and glucose oxidation from carbon 1- and carbon 6-labeled substrates, it was determined that (a) mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin enhance basal T lymphocyte intermediary metabolism, (b) physiologic concentrations of insulin have no impact on the metabolism of unstimulated, cultured, receptor-negative lymphocytes, and (c) insulin provided to receptor bearing lymphocytes augments intermediary metabolism above mitogen stimulated levels. The importance of the pentose phosphate shunt pathway for energy metabolism in the stimulated lymphocyte was confirmed. These studies demonstrate that insulin has a classical physiologic role to play in the activated lymphocyte further validating the use of this cell to examine potential receptor defects in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. By enhancing energy metabolism of stimulated lymphocytes, insulin serves biologic economy and thus may perform its immunoregulatory role.
Human ovarian tissue vitrification versus conventional freezing: morphological, endocrinological, and molecular biological evaluation (2009)

Cryopreservation as a process can be divided into two methods: conventional freezing and vitrification. The high effectiveness of vitrification in comparison with conventional freezing for human oocytes and embryos is shown, whereas data on human ovarian tissue are limited. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of conventional freezing and vitrification of human ovarian tissue. Ovarian tissue fragments from 15 patients were transported to the laboratory within 22-25 h in a special, isolated transport box that can maintain a stable temperature of between 5 and 8 degrees C for 36 h. Small pieces of ovarian tissue (0.3-1 x 1-1.5 x 0.7-1 mm) were randomly distributed into three groups: group 1, fresh pieces immediately after receiving transport box (control); group 2, pieces after vitrification; and group 3, pieces after conventional freezing. After thawing, all the pieces were cultured in vitro. The viability and proliferative capacity of the tissue by in vitro production of hormones, development of follicles, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expression after culture were evaluated. A difference between freezing and vitrification was not found in respect to hormonal activity and follicle quality. The supernatants showed 17-beta estradiol concentrations of 365, 285, and 300 pg/ml respectively, and progesterone concentrations of 3.82, 1.99, and 1.95 ng/ml respectively. It was detected that 95, 80, and 83% follicles respectively were morphologically normal. The molecular biological analysis, however, demonstrated that the GAPDH gene expression in ovarian tissue after vitrification was dramatically decreased in contrast to conventional freezing. For cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue, conventional freezing is more promising than vitrification, because of higher developmental potential.
Ferroelectric liquid-crystal shutter array with poly-Si TFT driver (1989)

A ferroelectric liquid-crystal (FE-LC) shutter array with a poly-Si thin-film transistor (TFT) driver that has 256 dots (300-dots/in resolution) and is 21.7 mm long is discussed. A low-temperature process and excimer laser doping process were used to reduce the device cost. Since the TFT driver is capable of driving the FE-LC in the static mode and reduces the number of outlet electrodes, this device offers the advantages of high contrast ratio (over 20:1), compact device size, and low cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Filling of the aneurysmal sac with DEAC-glucosamine in an animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm following stent-graft repair. (2006)

The results of this preliminary study support the aneurysm sac filling as a potential tool to exclude the aneurismal sac, promoting shrinkage of the AAA. DEAC -poly-N-acetyl glucosamine promotes clotting within the AAA sac with progressive replacement by connective tissue and neovascularization and may have a potential to prevent endoleaks. The polymer is easy to use, and it seems to have adequate gradual long-term replacement properties, preventing aneurysm sac recanalization.
Genetic relationships between suicide attempts, suicidal ideation and major psychiatric disorders: A genome‐wide association and polygenic scoring study (2014)

Epidemiological studies have recognized a genetic diathesis for suicidal behavior, which is independent of other psychiatric disorders. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on suicide attempt (SA) and ideation have failed to identify specific genetic variants. Here, we conduct further GWAS and for the first time, use polygenic score analysis in cohorts of patients with mood disorders, to test for common genetic variants for mood disorders and suicide phenotypes. Genome-wide studies for SA were conducted in the RADIANT and GSK-Munich recurrent depression samples and London Bipolar Affective Disorder Case-Control Study (BACCs) then meta-analysis was performed. A GWAS on suicidal ideation during antidepressant treatment had previously been conducted in the Genome Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) study. We derived polygenic scores from each sample and tested their ability to predict SA in the mood disorder cohorts or ideation status in the GENDEP study. Polygenic scores for major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium were used to investigate pleiotropy between psychiatric disorders and suicide phenotypes. No significant evidence for association was detected at any SNP in GWAS or meta-analysis. Polygenic scores for major depressive disorder significantly predicted suicidal ideation in the GENDEP pharmacogenetics study and also predicted SA in a combined validation dataset. Polygenic scores for SA showed no predictive ability for suicidal ideation. Polygenic score analysis suggests pleiotropy between psychiatric disorders and suicidal ideation whereas the tendency to act on such thoughts may have a partially independent genetic diathesis.
Combined Biological and Chemical Seed Treatments for Control of Two Seedling Diseases of<i>Sh2</i>Sweet Corn (1995)

Experiments were conducted in both the glasshouse and in the field to determine if biological and chemical control agents could be used together on sweet corn (Zea mays L.) seed to control Pythium ultimum damping-off or Penicillium oxalicum seedling disease. Pseudomonas aureofaciens AB254 and Pseudomonas sp. AB842 were used for control of P. ultimum and P. oxalicum, respectively. Metalaxyl seed treatment for control of P. ultimum was used at rates from 100 to 0.01% of the recommended rate either alone or in combination with P. aureofaciens AB254. Imazalil seed treatment for control of P. oxalicum was used at rates from 100 to 1% of the recommended rate either alone or in combination with Pseudomonas sp. AB842. In field tests, combining a chemical treatment with the biological agent did not affect the efficacy of disease control. Nor did combining low rates of chemical with the biocontrol agent increase the efficacy or reliability of disease control.
Thin Films of Sodium Birnessite-Type MnO<sub>2</sub>: Optical Properties, Electronic Band Structure, and Solar Photoelectrochemistry (2011)

Inexpensive and earth-abundant, manganese oxides (MnxOy) have attracted considerable attention for catalysis, but fewer efforts have focused on their semiconducting properties. In this study, crystalline Na birnessite-type MnO2 thin films were investigated for their surface and bulk chemistry in the context of hydrogen production by photoelectrochemical water splitting. Thin films were synthesized by electrodeposition onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates, imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis spectroscopy. Three different electrochemical methods (illuminated open circuit potential, potential of photocurrent onset, and Mott–Schottky plots) were used to probe the flat-band potential required to construct a band diagram for the material. Photostability, conductivity, and band structure are discussed as potential causes of the low external quantum efficiency (<1%) for the birnessite-type MnO2 photoanode. The position of the conduction band well below the hydrogen evolution potential likely mitigates this material’s potential use in a single absorber configuration, but its chemical, optical, and electronic characteristics as shown in this work may be well-suited for a photoanode in a tandem device.
Dual-pin cathode geometry for glow discharge mass spectrometry (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDual-pin cathode geometry for glow discharge mass spectrometryT. J. Loving and W. W. HarrisonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 9, 1526–1530Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00260a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00260a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic generation of fuzzy neural networks via reinforcement learning with applications in path planning of mobile robots (2007)

In this thesis, a novel Reinforcement Learning (RL) methodology, termed Dynamic Self-Generated Fuzzy Q-Learning (DSGFQL) is developed for generating Fuzzy Neural Networks (FNNs).