gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fisher–Tippett Region-Merging Approach to Transrectal Ultrasound Prostate Lesion Segmentation (2011)

In this paper, a computerized approach to segmenting prostate lesions in transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images is presented. The segmentation of prostate lesions from TRUS images is very challenging due to issues, such as poor contrast, low SNRs, and irregular shape variations. To address these issues, a novel approach is employed to segment the lesions from the surrounding prostate, where region merging is performed via a region-merging likelihood function based on regional statistics, as well as Fisher-Tippett statistics. Experimental results using TRUS prostate images demonstrate that the proposed Fisher-Tippett region-merging approach achieves more accurate segmentation of prostate lesions when compared to other segmentation methods.
Parylene gas chromatographic column for rapid thermal cycling (2002)

This paper presents a parylene gas chromatographic column with an embedded heating element. The parylene coating on a silicon microchannel and parylene/parylene thermal bonding technique were employed to fabricate a parylene column. The heating element is a thin gold film evaporated on the corrugated surface of the parylene column having long and rectangular geometry. Joule heating via the thin gold film is a very effective heating system for a parylene column. ANSYS heat transfer analysis was performed to investigate the thermal cycling and temperature uniformity of the parylene column. The parylene column showed much faster heating and cooling rates as well as lower power consumption compared to a silicon/glass column. The temperature difference between the top and the bottom of a parylene column that is due to the low thermal conductivity of parylene could be reduced to less than 0.1 K by inserting a thin metal layer between two parylene layers, forming a triple layer structure (parylene/platinum/parylene).
Applications of digital and analog holography in three-dimensional imaging (2012)

Digital and analog holography, along with its many variations, viz., holographic interferometry, holographic microscopy, holographic tomography, multiwavelength digital holography, phase-shifting holography, compressive holography, coherence holography, etc., have become the methods of choice for various metrological applications in three-dimensional (3D) imaging. In this review, we discuss the basic principles of analog and digital holography and the various topics mentioned above, with selected applications to real-world problems. We also discuss other related topics such as dynamic holography, non-Bragg orders, and compressive holographic tomography, nonlinear holography, holographic TV, as well as a nonholographic technique for 3D visualization, viz., transport of intensity imaging. Finally, we expose interested readers to contemporary topics in the area, viz., nonlinear holography and real-time holographic TV.
Endiandrin A, a Potent Glucocorticoid Receptor Binder Isolated from the Australian Plant <i>Endiandra </i><i>anthropophagorum</i> (2007)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the DCM extract from the roots of Endiandra anthropophagorum resulted in the isolation of a new cyclobutane lignan, endiandrin A (1), together with the known natural products nectandrin B (2) and (-)-dihydroguaiaretic acid (3). The structure of 1 was determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR and MS data analyses. Acetylation and methylation of 1 yielded di-O-acetylendiandrin A (4) and di-O-methylendiandrin A (5), respectively. All compounds were tested in a glucocorticoid receptor binding assay and displayed IC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 35 microM.
Is microencapsulation the future of probiotic preparations? The increased efficacy of gastro-protected probiotics (2011)

In a recent publication we assessed the kinetics of intestinal colonization by microencapsulated probiotic bacteria in comparison with the same strains given in an uncoated form. It's well known, in fact, that microencapsulation of probiotics with specific materials is able to confer a significant resistance to gastric juice, thus protecting the cells during the gastric and duodenal transit and enhancing the probiotic efficacy of any supplementation. In any case, this was the first study reporting the fecal amounts of probiotics administered in a coated, protected form compared with traditional, uncoated ones. Here we discuss additional in vitro data of resistance of the same bacteria to gastric juice, human bile and pancreatic secretion and correlate them with the results of in vivo gut colonization.
Quantifying the broadband access bandwidth demands of typical home users (2006)

We take a closer look at the probable demand for bandwidth that is presumed to motivate the deployment of new broadband access technologies. We construct plausible estimates of what a 'typical home' might need given two different service provision scenarios – managed bandwidth and best-effort statistical multiplexing. We estimate a household of five people requires between 58 and 113Mbit/sec if bandwidth is managed on a per-application basis. If statistical multiplexing is used, the same family's bandwidth requirements jump to between low hundreds of Mbit/sec to almost a Gbit/sec.
Theory of Metal Surfaces: Charge Density and Surface Energy (1970)

The first part of this paper deals with the jellium model of a metal surface. The theory of the inhomogeneous electron gas, with local exchange and correlation energies, is used. Self-consistent electron density distributions are obtained. The surface energy is found to be negative for high densities (${\mathcal{r}}_{s}\ensuremath{\le}2.5$). In the second part, two corrections to the surface energy are calculated which arise when the positive background model is replaced by a pseudopotential model of the ions. One correction is a cleavage energy of a classical neutralized lattice, the other an interaction energy of the pseudopotentials with the electrons. Both of these corrections are essential at higher densities (${\mathcal{r}}_{s}\ensuremath{\le}4$). The resulting surface energy is in semiquantitative agreement with surface-tension measurements for eight simple metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Zn, Al), typical errors being about 25%. For Pb there is a serious disagreement.
Design of a Soft-Switching Asymmetrical Half-Bridge Converter as Second Stage of an LED Driver for Street Lighting Application (2011)

High-brightness LEDs are considered remarkable lighting devices due to their high reliability, chromatic variety, and increasing efficiency. As a result, a high number of solutions for supplying LED strings are emerging. One-stage solutions are cost-effective, but their efficiency is low because they have to fulfill several purposes with only one converter: power factor correction (PFC), galvanic isolation (in some cases), and current regulation. Two-stage and three-stage solutions have higher efficiency because each stage is optimized for only one or two tasks and they are the preferred options when supplying several strings at the same time. In this paper, a two-stage solution is proposed. The first stage is the well-known PFC boost converter. The second stage, on which this paper is focused, is the asymmetrical half bridge (AHB). Its design has been optimized based on the needs and characteristics of LED-based street lighting applications. The proposed transformer design (with asymmetrical secondary windings) minimizes the conduction losses while the model of the converter during the dead times optimizes their duration, reducing switching losses in the MOSFETs and diodes. Experimental results obtained with a 40-W prototype show an efficiency as high as 94.5% for this second stage and validate the proposed design procedure and model.
Single Molecule Detection of Specific Nucleic Acid Sequences (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Instrumentation for Single Molecule Detection in Flow Capillaries Apparatus Double-label Assay Detection of Lambda DNA in the Presence of Genomic Background Detection of a Single-copy Gene in a Transformed Maize Plant Detection of a Specific Sequence of a Pathogen PNA Clamp Probes Polymerase-extended Fluorescence Reporters Conclusions and Outlook
Management of neighbor cell lists and physical cell identifiers in self-organizing heterogeneous networks (2011)

In this paper, we propose self-organizing schemes for the initial configuration of the neighbor cell list (NCL), maintenance of the NCL, and physical cell identifier (PCI) allocation in heterogeneous networks such as long term evolution systems where lower transmission power nodes are additionally deployed in macrocell networks. Accurate NCL maintenance is required for efficient PCI allocation and for avoiding handover delay and redundantly in creased system overhead. Proposed self-organizing schemes for the initial NCL configuration and PCI allocation are based on evolved universal terrestrial radio access network NodeB (eNB) scanning that measures reference signal to interference and noise ratio and reference symbol received power, respectively, transmitted from adjacent eNBs. On the other hand, the maintenance of the NCL is managed by adding or removing cells based on periodic user equipment measurements. We provide performance analysis of the proposed schemes under various scenarios in the respects of NCL detection probability, NCL false alarm rate, handover delay area ratio, PCI conflict ratio, etc.
Synthesis of Polyenes. IV. The Reaction of β-Ionone with Grignard Reagents (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Polyenes. IV. The Reaction of β-Ionone with Grignard ReagentsWilliam Oroshnik, George Karmas, and Robert A. MalloryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 9, 2325–2329Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01638a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01638a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Branched equation modeling of simultaneous accelerometry and heart rate monitoring improves estimate of directly measured physical activity energy expenditure (2004)

The combination of heart rate (HR) monitoring and movement registration may improve measurement precision of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE). Previous attempts have used either regression methods, which do not take full advantage of synchronized data, or have not used movement data quantitatively. The objective of the study was to assess the precision of branched model estimates of PAEE by utilizing either individual calibration (IC) of HR and accelerometry or corresponding mean group calibration (GC) equations. In 12 men (20.6-25.2 kg/m 2 ), IC and GC equations for physical activity intensity (PAI) were derived during treadmill walking and running for both HR (Polar) and hipacceleration [Computer Science and Applications (CSA)]. HR and CSA were recorded minute by minute during 22 h of whole body calorimetry and converted into PAI in four different weightings (P 1-4 ) of the HR vs. the CSA (1-P 1-4 ) relationships: if CSA > x, we used the P 1 weighting if HR > y, otherwise P 2 . Similarly, if CSA ≤ x, we used P 3 if HR > z, otherwise P 4 . PAEE was calculated for a 12.5-h nonsleeping period as the time integral of PAI. A priori, we assumed P 1 = 1, P 2 = P 3 = 0.5, P 4 = 0, x = 5 counts/min, y = walking/running transition HR, and z = flex HR. These parameters were also estimated post hoc. Means ± SD estimation errors of a priori models were -4.4 ± 29 and 3.5 ± 20% for IC and GC, respectively. Corresponding post hoc model errors were -1.5 ± 13 and 0.1 ± 9.8%, respectively. All branched models had lower errors ( P ≤ 0.035) than single-measure estimates of CSA (less than or equal to -45%) and HR (≥39%), as well as their nonbranched combination (≥25.7%). In conclusion, combining HR and CSA by branched modeling improves estimates of PAEE. IC may be less crucial with this modeling technique.
Novel Spot Tests for Detecting the Presence of Zinc Sulfate in Urine, a Newly Introduced Urinary Adulterant to Invalidate Drugs of Abuse Testing (2013)

Zinc sulfate can invalidate urine drug and alcohol testing but can be detected using the novel spot tests developed.
Design Issues for Helmet-Mounted Display Systems for Rotary-Wing Aviation. (1998)

Abstract : Since the l970s, the trend in Army aviation has been to rely on helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) to provide the aircrew with pilotage imagery, flight information, and fire control imagery and symbology. This paper is intended to serve as both a checklist and a guide for designers of future integrated helmet and display systems for rotary-wing aircraft. In this paper: 1) salient performance parameters of such systems are identified; 2) recommendations for values of these parameters are suggested, based on past research and the opinions of subject matter experts; 3) an analysis of potential health and safety hazards is provided; 4) a human factors engineering assessment (HFEA) is provided; and 5)lessons learned from previously fielded U.S. Army HMD systems are summarized. However, this paper is not a cookbook for building an integrated helmet and display system.
Model-based adaptation for self-healing systems (2002)

Traditional mechanisms that allow a system to detect and recover from errors are typically wired into applications at the level of code where they are hard to change, reuse, or analyze. An alternative approach is to use externalized adaptation: one or more models of a system are maintained at run time and external to the application as a basis for identifying problems and resolving them. In this paper we provide an overview of recent research in which we use architectural models as the basis for such problem diagnosis and repair. These models can be specialized to the particular style of the system, the quality of interest, and the dimensions of run time adaptation that are permitted by the running system.
An observer design for single-sensor individual cylinder pressure control (2002)

This paper describes the application of a recently developed observer design method for nonlinear discrete-time systems to a practical automotive problem. The goal is to estimate the air charge maldistribution in the individual cylinders of a four cylinder, spark ignition gasoline engine, based on measurements from a single sensor located in the intake manifold. To that end, we also developed a novel, control oriented model of the induction process in naturally aspirated internal combustion engines. Comparison of this model to experimental data is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Hippocampal ripple oscillations (200 Hz) in mechanisms of memory consolidation]. (2003)

A current status of knowledge about high-frequency (140-200 Hz) ripple oscillations in the CA1 hippocampal subfield is summarized and considered in the context of two-stage model of the hippocampal memory processing. A large body of evidence suggests highly-selective recruitment of pyramidal cells and interneurons in the generation of the oscillatory pattern after co-operative sharp-wave-related discharge of CA3 pyramidal neurons. We also discuss a role of transmission via gap junctions in the mechanisms of ripple oscillations as well as their adaptive aminergic (histaminergic) modulation. Patterns of neuronal firing in the hippocampus observed during ripple oscillations reproduce space-dependant neuronal activity from the previous waking period. Together with a data about efficacy of high-frequency stimulation for induction of synaptic modification it points out a role for ripples in the formation of long-term memory. Focal ultra fast ripples (up to 500 Hz) have been shown to participate in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Analogical Reasoning for Answer Ranking in Social Question Answering (2010)

Answer ranking is important to social question-answering services. An analogical reasoning approach measures the similarity between new question-answer pairs and existing positive examples.
Assessing Organizational Agility via Fuzzy Logic (2011)

The only thing that doesn't change in the current revolutionary world is the change itself. Accessing to agility is required while dealing with efficient and useful reactions to changes and acquiring competitive advantages from the opportunities resulted from the change. Hence, at the beginning of this article, we have tried to propose the following subjects: the concept, importance and necessity of accessing agility and fuzz plus its reasons. Then, we will assess agility with the Goldman methodology based on fuzzy approach. In this respect, several questionnaires were distributed among the top managers of Saipa Yadak car co., Iran. Finally, after precise and through analyses, the sub- criteria were recognized based on the fuzzy approach and the possible obstacles for reaching the agility level and different recommendations were suggested.
An efficient approach to data flow analysis in a multiple pass global optimizer (1988)

Data flow analysis is a time-consuming part of the optimization process. As transformations are made in a multiple pass global optimizer, the data flow information must be updated to reflect these changes. Various approaches have been used, including complete recalculation as well as partial recalculation over the affected area. The approach presented here has been designed for maximum efficiency. Data flow information is completely calculated only once, using an interval analysis method which is slightly faster than a purely iterative approach, and which allows partial recomputation when appropriate. A minimal set of data flow information is computed, keeping the computation and update cost low. Following each set of transformations, the data flow information is updated based on knowledge of the effect of each change. This approach saves considerable time over complete recalculation, and proper ordering of the various optimizations minimizes the amount of update required.
Off‐state breakdown in InAlN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (2009)

Abstract Unpassivated InAlN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors off‐state breakdown is analyzed for different gate‐to‐drain distances. The breakdown voltage linearly increases with the gate to drain distance reaching 350 V for a 10 μm contact separation; the sub‐threshold leakage current is < 10 –5 A/mm. Similar breakdown voltages and leakage current are obtained on GaN buffer for two Ohmic contacts if their distance is the same. It is suggested that the breakdown is governed by injection/avalanche processes in the GaN buffer layer and is basically not affected by InAlN barrier. Our conclusions are further supported by measuring all currents in the three‐terminal configuration of the transistors before and during the breakdown and by using a drain current injection technique. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nd-doped double-clad fiber amplifier at 1.06 μm (1998)

We propose and demonstrate a double-clad neodymium (Nd)-doped fiber amplifier (IVDFA) at 1.06 /spl mu/m for a compact configuration of a high-power optical amplifier. The proposed 125 /spl mu/m first cladding diameter in the double-clad fiber, provides the single-mode propagation of the signal lightwave into its doped core without misguiding the signal lightwave into the outer core (first cladding), by simply splicing with a standard single-mode fiber. Furthermore a fiber grating in a single-mode core of the double-clad fiber allows the double-pass configuration for the signal lightwave at 1.06 /spl mu/m and also allows the pump lightwave coupling at 0.81 /spl mu/m into the first cladding without employing a bulk dichroic mirror. We demonstrate the signal output power of 110 mW for a 550-mW pump input from a multimode fiber coupled pump source. Theoretical results predict an efficient high-power operation of the amplifier by improving the signal scattering loss in the double-clad fiber.
Technology and young children — new strategies to prevent illiteracy and create better chances of success for all (1998)

Research, both in France and in other countries, highlights the importance of the first years of life and the immense potential of young children. Educational policies need to recognize the importance of education from a very early age in order to eradicate illiteracy and allow better chances of success for all children. Young children, below age 6, can and do take pleasure in acquiring the written language if adequate conditions for learning are provided. New horizons have now opened up with the use of Information Technology and empowering results have been obtained in classes where children use computers for the simultaneous acquisition of both the oral and written language. This paper will focus on the new strategies used to implement such an educational policy — a policy of success for all should start in preschool!
Recognition of Agricultural Objects by Shape (1983)

It is desired to enhance the outline of agricultural contraband in X-ray images of passenger luggage. Agricultural contraband consists of fruit, meats, animals, and plants. We suggest most contraband can be distinguished from other material by an elliptic, rather than rectangular, cross section. An algorithm is proposed to recognize such cross section using the erosion of the absolute gradient of the image. Only local convolution calculations are required. This algorithm is tested on a number of computed images as well as on X-ray images of model objects, isolated contraband, and contraband contained and obscured in baggage. The effect of image noise, object size, orientation, and obscuration is tested. It is shown that the proposed algorithm successfully enhances the outlines of desired items as small as 1-2 cm (7-11 pixels) to the exclusion of remaining material under the conditions expected in actual use.