gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma containment in 2XII (1974)

Experiments in the 2XII magnetic mirror device have achieved high-beta ($beta$ approximately 0.3 to 0.5) plasma confinement. Near classical confinement was observed in the range 2 to 5 x 10$sup 13$ cm$sup -3$ with average ion energies of 1 to 3 keV. The measured electron energy, 50 to 150 eV, was consistent with classical energy transfer from the hot ions. At lower plasma densities, the loss rate departs from classical confinement owing to quasi- classical scattering and ion cyclotron fluctuations. The injection of a 10-A, 20- keV neutral atom beam produced no beam-driven instabilities, nor did it increase charge-exchange losses. (auth)
Routes to Dendritic Networks: Bis‐Dendrimers by Coupling of Cascade Macromolecules through Metal Centers (1995)

The specific linking of two dendrimers is achieved by incorporating terpyridine moieties at precise locations in cascade molecules. Metal complex formation then enables nonrandom attachment of one dendritic assembly to another (see picture). The electronic properties of the metal depend on the dendritic environment.
Vinyl and Aryl Halides (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Melatonin inhibits maneb‐induced aggregation of <i>α</i>‐synuclein in rat pheochromocytoma cells (2006)

Melatonin, a secretory product of the pineal gland, is involved in the regulation of circadian and seasonal rhythms, in oncostasis, and in inducing osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, melatonin is a scavenger of a number of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the antioxidant nature of melatonin was shown to prevent cultured neural cells from apoptosis induced by endocrine-disrupting chemical, maneb. The neurotoxicity of the fungicide, maneb (1 microg/mL), on the PC12 cells was elicited through apoptotic cell death, concomitant with aggregation of alpha-synuclein, a feature of Parkinson's disease. Activation of caspase-3/7 was associated with this process. A fluorescence rationing technique using a mitochondrial dye revealed that maneb altered the mitochondrial membrane potential of the neural cells. However, melatonin (1 nm) largely prevented the neural cells from the neural toxicant by inhibition of both caspase-3/7 activation and disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Furthermore, aggregation of alpha-synuclein by maneb was also inhibited by melatonin. Thus, melatonin prevents maneb-induced neurodegeneration at a nighttime physiological blood concentration, most likely by inhibiting the aggregation of alpha-synuclein as well as preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in PC 12 cells.
Noncatalytic Cannizzaro-type Reaction of Formaldehyde in Hot Water (1999)

Abstract In hot water heated up to 250 °C and 4 MPa, methanol and formic acid are produced from the Cannizzaro-type reaction of formaldehyde without a catalyst, although this disproportionation reaction is well-known to occur in the presence of a large amount of base catalysts in ambient conditions. Formic acid further undergoes the hydride transfer reaction with formaldehyde, and the final yield of methanol exceeds 50%.
Optimum cycle redundancy-check codes with 16-bit redundancy (1990)

Optimal binary cyclic redundancy-check codes with 16 parity bits (CRC-16 codes) are presented and compared to those in existing standards for minimum-distance, undetected-error probability on binary symmetric channels (BSCs) and properness. The codes in several cases are seen to be superior at block lengths of practical interest when they are used on low-noise BSCs. The optimum minimum distance obtainable by some CRC-16 codes is determined for all block lengths. For several typical low-noise BSCs the minimum undetected error probability achievable with some CRC-16 codes is given for all block lengths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Oxidation and Reduction Behavior of Metal Surface in a Flame (1992)

We examined the possibility that indirect heating by radiant tubes in a continuous annealing process in the steel industry may be replaced with direct flame heating without the oxidation of metal surfaces. Energy and capital savings are expected as a result of this new-concept technology. The possibility of its practical application has been proved although the successful operating conditions are sensitive to the controlling factors. To realize this concept, the residual oxygen concentration in a flame must be lower than 0.1% (v/v), and the volume ratios of CO/CO2 and H2/H2O in the flame should be over 0.4 and 0.09, respectively.
Deletion of chromosomal region 6q14‐16 in prostate cancer (2002)

A detailed analysis of chromosome 6 in DNAs from prostate cancers was performed, to define a region for subsequent search for cancer genes. DNA from 4 prostate cancer cell lines and 11 xenografts was used for CGH and whole-chromosome allelotyping with polymorphic microsatellite markers. Loss of proximal 6q was studied in more detail by high-density allelotyping of xenografts, cell lines and 19 prostate tumour specimens from TURP. Seven of 15 xenografts and cell lines showed deletion of proximal 6q by CGH. Gain of 6q was found in 2 samples. Six samples showed 6p gain, and 1 had 6p loss. Allelotyping results were consistent with CGH data in 11 of 15 DNAs. In LNCaP and DU145 cells, CGH showed 6p loss and 6q loss, respectively, but 2 allelic bands were detected for many polymorphic markers on these chromosome arms. These apparent discrepancies might be explained by aneuploidy. In cell line TSU, allelotyping demonstrated chromosome 6 deletion, which was not clearly detected by CGH, indicating loss of 1 copy of chromosome 6 followed by gain of the retained copy during progressive tumour growth. Loss of heterozygosity was detected in 9 of 19 TURP specimens. Combining all data, we found a common minimal region of loss at 6q14-16 with a length of 8.6 Mbp flanked by markers D6S1609 and D6S417. One hundred and twenty-three STSs, ESTs, genes and candidate genes mapping in this interval were used to screen xenografts and cell lines for HDs, but none was detected. In summary, chromosome region 6q14-16 was deleted in approximately 50% of the prostate cancer specimens analysed. The high percentage of loss underscores the importance of genes within this region in prostate cancer growth.
<i>Advanced Statistics:</i> Applying Statistical Process Control Techniques to Emergency Medicine: A Primer for Providers (2003)

Emergency medicine faces unique challenges in the effort to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Increased patient volumes, decreased emergency department (ED) supply, and an increased emphasis on the ED as a diagnostic center have contributed to poor customer satisfaction and process failures such as diversion/bypass. Statistical process control (SPC) techniques developed in industry offer an empirically based means to understand our work processes and manage by fact. Emphasizing that meaningful quality improvement can occur only when it is exercised by "front-line" providers, this primer presents robust yet accessible SPC concepts and techniques for use in today's ED.
The C‐terminal cytosolic domain of the human zinc transporter ZnT8 and its diabetes risk variant (2018)

A significant aspect of the control of cellular zinc in eukarya is its subcellular re-distribution. One of the four human vesicular zinc transporters, ZnT8, supplies the millimolar zinc concentrations of insulin granules in pancreatic β-cells, affecting insulin processing, crystallisation and secretion. ZnT8 has a transmembrane and a C-terminal cytosolic domain; the latter has important functions and purportedly mediates protein-protein interactions, senses cytosolic zinc and/or channels zinc to the transport site in the transmembrane domain (TMD). A common variant W325R in the C-terminal domain (CTD) increases the risk to develop type 2 diabetes and affects autoantibody specificity in type 1 diabetes. To investigate the differences between the two protein variants, we purified and biophysically characterised both variants of the ZnT8 CTD [R325 variant of ZnT8 CTD (aa267-369) (ZnT8cR) and W325 variant of ZnT8 CTD (aa267-369) (ZnT8cW)]. The domains fold independently of the TMD. Remarkably, the ZnT8cW variant (diabetes protection in the full-length protein) is less thermostable than the ZnT8cR variant (diabetes risk in the full-length protein). The ZnT8cW monomers associate with higher affinity. Both CTD variants bind zinc with a stoichiometry that differs from bacterial homologues, emphasising the limitation of the latter as models for the structure and function of the human proteins. The relatively small but reproducible differences between the two ZnT8 CTD variants begin to provide a molecular basis for the different diabetes susceptibility caused by the full-length ZnT8 proteins.
Soft Computing for Battery State-of-Charge (BSOC) Estimation in Battery String Systems (2008)

In this paper, a soft computing technique for estimating battery state-of-charge of individual batteries in a battery string is proposed. The soft computing approach uses a fusion of a fuzzy neural network (FNN) with B-spline membership functions (BMFs) and a reduced-form genetic algorithm (RGA). The algorithm is employed to tune both control points of the BMFs and the weights of the FNNs. The traditional multiple-input multiple-output FNN (MIMOFNN) cannot directly be used in this paper. The main reason is that there are too many free parameters in the MIMOFNN to be trained if many inputs are required. In this paper, a merged multiple-input single-output (MISO) FNN is proposed and can be trained by the RGA optimization approach. The merged MISO FNN with RGA (FNNRGA) can achieve faster convergence and lower estimation error than neural networks with the back propagation method. From experimental results, the proposed merged MISO FNNRGA is superior, more robust than the traditional method, and the overfitting suppression features are significantly improved.
Modelling differentiated services in conservative PDES (2004)

This paper explains how DiffServ has been implemented in an IP network simulator using an asynchronous conservative parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) kernel. DiffServ provides quality of service (QoS) functionality for IP networks and is designed to provide greater scalability and lower overhead than previous IP based QoS schemes. The paper explains the DiffServ components that have been implemented, focusing on the implementation of the preemptive network buffers required to provide DiffServ functionality. Certain optimisations possible for non-preemptive network buffers are not possible here. The paper explores which will work in the preemptive case. In particular, exploiting lookahead is more difficult leading to reduced performance in some cases. Optimisation schemes are described for two different preemptive buffering strategies and performance results demonstrating the costs of using these buffers are presented.
PelA Deacetylase Activity Is Required for Pel Polysaccharide Synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2013)

The Pel polysaccharide serves as an intercellular adhesin for the formation and maintenance of biofilms in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pel biosynthesis requires the products of a seven-gene operon, pelA-pelG, all of which are necessary for Pel-dependent biofilm formation and Pel-related phenotypes. One of the genes, pelA, encodes a protein with a predicted polysaccharide deacetylase domain. In this work, the role of the putative deacetylase domain in Pel production was examined. We first established that purified recombinant PelA hydrolyzed the pseudosubstrate p-nitrophenyl acetate in vitro, and site-specific mutations of predicted deacetylase active-site residues reduced activity greater than 10-fold. Additionally, these mutants were deficient in Pel-dependent biofilm formation and wrinkly colony morphology in vivo. Subcellular fractionation experiments demonstrate that PelA localizes to both the membrane and periplasmic fractions. Finally, antiserum against the Pel polysaccharide was generated, and PelA deacetylase mutants do not produce Pel-reactive material. Taken together, these results suggest that the deacetylase activity of PelA is important for the production of the Pel polysaccharide.
A Rapid Total Synthesis of an Ellagitannin (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Rapid Total Synthesis of an EllagitanninTodd D. Nelson and A. I. MeyersCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 9, 2577–2580Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00088a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00088a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1021Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Induction of immunity and tolerance<i>in vitro</i>by hapten protein conjugates. II. Carrier independence of the response to dinitrophenylated polymerized flagellin (1972)

Abstract The response to dinitrophenylated polymeric flagellin (DNP POL) in vitro , unlike that to DNP monomeric flagellin (DNP MON) or erythrocyte antigens does not require the presence of T cells. It was thus proposed that antigens with repeating determinants, like DNP POL, may immunize B cells without the cooperation of the usual helper cells. Since carrier specificity in secondary anti‐hapten responses is based upon the cooperation of carrier‐reactive T cells and hapten‐reactive cells, the requirement for carrier‐reactive cells in the response to “thymus‐independent” DNP POL and “thymus‐dependent” DNP MON was investigated. Using flagellin‐primed spleen, the anti‐DNP response to DNP MON was enhanced, but not that caused by DNP POL. Furthermore, there was no carrier specificity in the anti‐DNP responses with DNP POL, which elicited similar responses in spleen cells primed with various DNP proteins, whereas DNP MON only immunized spleen cells which were primed with that carrier. Carrier‐hapten cooperation has also been demonstrated by the suppressive effect of unconjugated carrier on the anti‐hapten response to carrier hapten conjugates. Neither the induction of tolerance to flagellin, the carrier, nor the presence of free flagellin in vitro suppressed the anti‐DNP response to DNP POL. In contrast, both these manoeuvres suppressed the anti‐flagellin response to DNP POL, and both the anti‐DNP and anti‐flagellin responses elicited by DNP MON. Thus, by several criteria, there was no cooperation between carrier‐reactive and hapten‐sensitive cells in the genesis of the response to DNP POL. Spleen cell suspensions deprived of their content of phagocytes responded normally to DNP POL. Thus, since T cells, carrier‐reactive cells and phagocytes are not needed for the induction of a response to DNP POL, this antigen immunizes B cells directly. The use of this simple system should facilitate our understanding of the mechanism of binding of antigen molecules to the surface of B cells in the process of immunization.
Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative X-Ray Diffraction AnalysisL. E. Copeland and R. H. BraggCite this: Anal. Chem. 1958, 30, 2, 196–201Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60134a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1261Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (799 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Standard atomic volumes in double-stranded DNA and packing in protein-DNA interfaces (2001)

Standard volumes for atoms in double-stranded B-DNA are derived using high resolution crystal structures from the Nucleic Acid Database (NDB) and compared with corresponding values derived from crystal structures of small organic compounds in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). Two different methods are used to compute these volumes: the classical Voronoi method, which does not depend on the size of atoms, and the related Radical Planes method which does. Results show that atomic groups buried in the interior of double-stranded DNA are, on average, more tightly packed than in related small molecules in the CSD. The packing efficiency of DNA atoms at the interfaces of 25 high resolution protein-DNA complexes is determined by computing the ratios between the volumes of interfacial DNA atoms and the corresponding standard volumes. These ratios are found to be close to unity, indicating that the DNA atoms at protein-DNA interfaces are as closely packed as in crystals of B-DNA. Analogous volume ratios, computed for buried protein atoms, are also near unity, confirming our earlier conclusions that the packing efficiency of these atoms is similar to that in the protein interior. In addition, we examine the number, volume and solvent occupation of cavities located at the protein-DNA interfaces and compared them with those in the protein interior. Cavities are found to be ubiquitous in the interfaces as well as inside the protein moieties. The frequency of solvent occupation of cavities is however higher in the interfaces, indicating that those are more hydrated than protein interiors. Lastly, we compare our results with those obtained using two different measures of shape complementarity of the analysed interfaces, and find that the correlation between our volume ratios and these measures, as well as between the measures themselves, is weak. Our results indicate that a tightly packed environment made up of DNA, protein and solvent atoms plays a significant role in protein-DNA recognition.
Integrated sensors for robotic laser welding (2005)

A welding head is under development with integrated sensory systems for robotic laser welding applications. Robotic laser welding requires sensory systems that are capable to accurately guide the welding head over a seam in three-dimensional space and provide information about the welding process as well as the quality of the welding result. In this paper the focus is on seam tracking. It is difficult to measure three-dimensional parameters of a ream during a robotic laser welding task, especially when sharp corners are present. The proposed sensory system is capable to provide the three dimensional parameters of a seam in one measurement and guide robots over sharp corners.
Role of Modified B-lynch Suture in Modern Day Management of Atonic Postpartum Haemorrhage (2008)

Aims and Objectives : To evaluate effectiveness of modified B-Lynch suture in controlling atonic PPH. Study and Observations : A prospective study conducted at LTMG Hospital and LTMM College, Sion, Mumbai, a tertiary referral centre. We evaluated 73 cases of atonic PPH over a period of two and half years from May 2004 to Oct. 2006. In 31 patients out of 73 we used modified BLynch suture. Out of these 31 patients five had postoperative pyrexia and three patients had superficial wound gap. There were no major surgical complications. Conclusion : Modified B-Lynch suture was successful in controlling PPH and averting obstetric hysterectomy.
Combining Semantic Web technologies and Computational Theory of Perceptions for text generation in financial analysis (2010)

The development of Internet technologies makes it possible to obtain data in near real time about the financial state of companies. Moreover, tools such as XBRL have been developed to deal with the automatic generation of business reports. However the available tools are not suitable to support the current tendency towards the so called, Continuous Reporting. Here, for a specific purpose, the wealth of available information should be summarized in short reports where the relevant information is remarked while the irrelevant remains hidden. Using a combination of Zadeh's Computational Theory of Perceptions and Semantic Web techniques, we propose a first approach to a computational framework to generate short reports that consist of few but meaningful Natural Language sentences. These sentences are designed to solve the user needs in a specific context of meaning defined with the help of an ontology. A practical demonstration of the computational framework is included.
A Novel Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line (SICL) for Wide-Band Applications (2006)

A novel substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) is presented and experimentally verified in this paper. This structure exhibits unimodal operation over a wide frequency band, is shielded and not dispersive, can be fabricated by using simple, low-cost thin-film process, and can be easily integrated with active devices. Moreover, the same technology results particularly suitable to realize passive components for wideband applications. The design of a Lange coupler with operation bandwidth of 66%, to be used in a multi-port impulse radio for ultra wide band applications, is reported
Psychological impact of injuries in athletes (1997)

Although research on the psychological impact of injury is in its infancy, this article reviews relevant literature focusing on post-injury emotional response, self-esteem, and the effect of mood disturbance on rehabilitation from sport injury. Injury is often accompanied by depression, tension, anger and low self-esteem, particularly in competitive, seriously injured athletes. Mood disturbance seems to relate to the athlete’s perceived progress in rehabilitation and has been shown to negatively relate to attendance at rehabilitation sessions.