gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Curriculum Planning in Site-Based Management. (1997)

district, in relinquishing more power to the school, concentrates on providing assistance and support, along with engaging in districtwide planning, monitoring and assessment. On the other hand, in the individual school, school professionals, parents and other community members work together, within the context of school councils and subcommittees, on such matters as curriculum, instruction and school organization. Odden and Wohlstetter (1995) found that, in successful SBM, many participants were involved in making decisions, and that school councils and subcommittees were common deci-
Distribution Fitting and Performance Modeling for Storage Traces (2019)

Understanding I/O workloads and modeling their performance is important for optimizing storage systems. A useful first step towards understanding the characteristics of storage workloads is to analyze their inter-arrival times and service requirements. If these characteristics are found to follow certain probability distributions, then corresponding stochastic models can be employed to efficiently estimate the performance of storage workloads. Such approaches have been explored in other domains using an assortment of distributions, including the Normal, Weibull, and Exponential. However, our analysis and others' past attempts revealed that none of those distributions provided a good fit for storage workloads. We analyzed over 200 traces across 4 different workload families using 20 widely used distributions, including ones seldom used for storage modeling. We found that the Hyper-exponential distribution with just two phases H_2 was superior in modeling the storage traces compared to other distributions under five diverse metrics of accuracy, including metrics that assess the risk of over-fitting. Based on these results, we developed a Markov-chain-based stochastic model that accurately estimates the storage system performance across several workload traces. To highlight the applicability of our model, we conducted what-if analyses to investigate the performance impact of workload variability and garbage collection under various scenarios.
Amphiphilic dyes for nonlinear optics: Dependence of second harmonic generation on functional group substitution (1991)

Communication: Orientation of chromophores by using the Langmuir‐Blodgett film‐prepration procedure, to a degree practically impossible to achieve by poling in polymer matrices in an electric field, has held to materials exhibiting the highest values of the second order susceptibility (χ (2) ) yet known. The effect of different functional groups in both phenylhydrazone and stryrylpyridinium compounds on both molecular nonlinearity and order in the films the factors which most strongly influence (χ (2) ) has been investigated and a thioether substituent is found to increas (χ (2) ) significantly.
Christian Faith and Natural Science. (1954)

Book Reviews Get access Christian Faith and Natural Science. By Kakl Heim Translated by N. H. Smith. (London: S.C.M. Press. 1953. Pp. 256. Price 21s). The Transformation of the Scientific World View. By Karl Heim. Translated by W. A. Whitehouse. (London: S.C.M. Press. 1953. Pp. 262. Price 21s). Atoms, Men and God. By Paul E. Sabine (New York: Philosophical Library. 1953. Pp. x + 226. Price $3.75). A. D. Ritchie A. D. Ritchie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 4, Issue 16, July 1954, Pages 283–284, https://doi.org/10.2307/2217408 Published: 01 July 1954
Bi-directional flow sensor with a wide dynamic range for medical applications (2004)

This paper describes a novel three-wire thermal flow sensor for medical applications. The present innovation for low-frequency measurements involves the use of a pulsed-wire anemometer with a comparatively large wire diameter (12.5 microm and larger) together with a novel signal processing approach. A small wire is heated using a sinusoidal alternating current, and two sensing wires, acting as resistance thermometers, are set parallel to, and at a small distance on either side of, the pulsed wire. The thermal wake of the pulsed wire is convected downstream to one of the two receiving wires which detect its delayed arrival. This arrangement allows the sensing of both the direction and the flow velocity component normal to the three probes. By appropriate signal processing, the present sensor can be operated such that the phase shift between the periodic current that drives the central wire and the detected signal by either the upstream or downstream wire takes into account a combination of convection, diffusion and the finite thermal response time of both the pulsed wire and the receiving wire. Because the time constants increase as the flow velocity decreases, the time lag due to thermal inertia supplements the time lag due to the true time of flight, thus yielding an effective operating range of 0.05 m/s <or= U <or= 25 m/s , which corresponds to a dynamic range of 500:1. This wide velocity range is an order of magnitude larger than that for the traditional time-of-flight pulsed-wire anemometers. An important application of the bi-directional thermal flowmeter is the measurement of human respiration, e.g. for early diagnostics of asthmatic attacks. The main advantage of the present sensor is its low sensitivity to variations in temperature and also to the composition of the flowing gas. Also, a calibration will be not needed for each density and gas used in addition to that for velocity. The resultant design work aimed at developing a sensor that can be mass-produced at low cost.
A new route to arglecin by metalation and cross coupling of pyrazines. Metalation of diazines. XII (1994)

Abstract The metalation of dihalogeno and halogenomethoxypyrazines was performed. The resulting pyrazines were submitted to a cross‐coupling reaction with propargyl alcohol followed, after dehydration, by a catalytic reduction. This gives a new route to the synthesis of a key intermediate in the synthesis of arglecin.
GEF-H1 is involved in agonist-induced human pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction (2005)

Endothelial cell (EC) permeability is precisely controlled by cytoskeletal elements [actin filaments, microtubules (MT), intermediate filaments] and cell contact protein complexes (focal adhesions, adherens junctions, tight junctions). We have recently shown that the edemagenic agonist thrombin caused partial MT disassembly, which was linked to activation of small GTPase Rho, Rho-mediated actin remodeling, cell contraction, and dysfunction of lung EC barrier. GEF-H1 is an MT-associated Rho-specific guanosine nucleotide (GDP/GTP) exchange factor, which in MT-unbound state stimulates Rho activity. In this study we tested hypothesis that GEF-H1 may be a key molecule involved in Rho activation, myosin light chain phosphorylation, actin remodeling, and EC barrier dysfunction associated with partial MT disassembly. Our results show that depletion of GEF-H1 or expression of dominant negative GEF-H1 mutant significantly attenuated permeability increase, actin stress fiber formation, and increased MLC and MYPT1 phosphorylation induced by thrombin or MT-depolymerizing agent nocodazole. In contrast, expression of wild-type or activated GEF-H1 mutants dramatically enhanced thrombin and nocodazole effects on stress fiber formation and cell retraction. These results show a critical role for the GEF-H1 in the Rho activation caused by MT disassembly and suggest GEF-H1 as a key molecule involved in cross talk between MT and actin cytoskeleton in agonist-induced Rho-dependent EC barrier regulation.
Detection of apparent skin motion using optical flow analysis: Blood pulsation signal obtained from optical flow sequence (1997)

A skin motion imaging system with two modes of operation, diffusive and specular reflections, was developed. The system consists of image capturing and processing elements. Using optical flow analyses of skin motion at the wrist, we have detected successfully a blood pulsation signal that concurs with the electrocardiogram. The signal provides information not only about blood pulsation, but also about blood circulation and the biomechanical properties of the skin. This system may have other applications in the future, such as noncontact blood pulsation detection and evaluation of the biomechanical properties of skin, for example.
Coherent continuous-phase frequency-shift keying: Parameter optimization and code design (2009)

The symmetric information rate of a modulation-constrained transmission system is the information-theoretic limit on performance under the assumption that the inputs are independent and uniformly distributed. The symmetric information rate for continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) over an AWGN channel may be estimated by considering the system to be a finite-state Markov channel and executing a BCJR-like algorithm. In this paper, the estimated symmetric information rate is used along with the exact expression for the 99% power bandwidth to determine the information-theoretic tradeoff between energy and spectral efficiency for CPFSK modulation. Using this tradeoff, the code rate and modulation index are jointly optimized for a particular spectral efficiency and alphabet size. Codes are then designed for the optimized system. The codes are comprised of variable nodes (which represent irregular repetition codes), check nodes (which represent single parity-check codes), and an interleaver connecting the variable and check nodes. The degree distributions of the code are optimized from the system's EXIT chart by using linear programming. Additional details of the code design, including labeling and interleaver design, are also discussed. Simulation results show that the optimized coded systems achieve bit error rates within 0.4 dB of the information-theoretic limits at BER = 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> .
On The Optimum Numbers of Stages in Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems (2004)

In this study, cases of single-stage and multi-stage compression have been compared and contrasted through various angles while concentrating on refrigeration systems with 600 kW cooling capacity and working with ammonia. For five different numbers of stages, power consumption, costs of investment, operation and maintenance (O and M), COP and 2nd law efficiencies have been calculated. As the amount of stages increase, power consumption decreases. The payback period of the gain from this decrease has been calculated as far as the increasing investment expenditures are concerned. Dimensionless profit factor has been calculated according to each case and presented in the diagram.
PAGE: Parametric Analysis of Gene Set Enrichment (2005)

PAGE was statistically more sensitive and required much less computational effort than GSEA, it could identify significantly changed biological themes from microarray data irrespective of analysis methods or microarray platforms, and it was useful in comparison of multiple microarray data sets. We offer PAGE as a useful microarray analysis method.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> -Induced Septic Arthritis and Septic Death Is Decreased in IL-4-Deficient Mice: Role of IL-4 as Promoter for Bacterial Growth (1998)

Lack of IL-4 has been shown to be protective in some experimental models of infectious diseases in mice such as cutaneous leishmaniasis. At the same time IL-4, together with other Th2 cytokines, including IL-10 and IL-13, is known as an anti-inflammatory cytokine with the potential to down-regulate proinflammatory cytokine production. To investigate the role of IL-4 in experimental Staphylococcus aureus-induced and T lymphocyte-mediated arthritis, IL-4-deficient C57BL/6 mice (IL-4(-/-)) and their congenic controls (IL-4(+/+)) were inoculated with a toxic shock syndrome toxin-1-producing S. aureus strain. In IL-4(+/+) mice, arthritis peaked 14 days after bacterial inoculation, whereas, at that time, IL-4(-/-) mice displayed significantly less frequent (p < 0.05) joint inflammation. Paralleling lower frequency of arthritis, IL-4-deficient mice showed a decreased bacterial burden in joints (p = 0.014) and kidneys (p = 0.029), as well as lower infection-triggered weight decrease and mortality. In vitro, IL-4 inhibited intracellular killing of S. aureus in infected macrophages, without affecting phagocytosis. This finding may explain the enhanced staphylococcal clearance observed in IL-4(-/-) mice in vivo. Our results suggest that IL-4 and IL-4-dependent Th2 responses promote septic arthritis and sepsis-related mortality by inhibition of bacterial clearance during S. aureus infection.
Configurable demodulator ASIC for the TDRSS communication system (2002)

A configurable, high-speed application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which is the key demodulation element in NASA's newest generation of tracking and data relay satellite system (TDRSS) ground communication equipment is discussed. The technical details of the system application and implementation of this CMOS device are included. Driven by operating speed requirements, emphasis is placed on the tradeoffs which lead to the final high-speed design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactions of Graphite with Metal Chlorides (1963)

Abstract Graphite reacts with numerous anhydrous metal chlorides to form inclusion compounds. Recent results on the composition and structure of these compounds and on their magnetic and catalytic properties are reported in this review.
Invited review: Graphite and its hidden superconductivity (2013)

We review experimental results, from transport to magnetization measurements, on different graphite samples, from bulk oriented graphite, thin graphite films to transmission electron microscope lamellae, that indicate the existence of granular superconductivity at temperatures above 100~K. The accumulated evidence speaks for a localization of the superconducting phase(s) at certain interfaces embedded in semiconducting crystalline regions with Bernal stacking order.Received: 25 January 2013, Accepted: 10 October 2013; Reviewed by: E. M. Forgan, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, U.K.; Edited by: S. A. Grigera; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.050007Cite as: P Esquinazi, Papers in Physics 5, 050007 (2013)
Galvanic Corrosion Inhibitors for Cu/Ru Couple during Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Ru (2016)

Galvanic corrosion of Cu is a critical issue during the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process of barrier layer, especially when KIO4 is used as the oxidant in the polishing slurry. This paper focuses on the investigation of galvanic corrosion inhibitors (BTA and 1, 2, 4-triazole) for Cu/Ru couple in the KIO4-based solutions. The galvanic corrosion current of Cu was directly measured, and the corrosion inhibition efficiencies (CIE) were calculated. Results show that both BTA and 1, 2, 4-triazole are effective galvanic corrosion inhibitors of Cu. The CIE of 5 mM BTA and 2 mM 1, 2, 4-triazole is up to 69.4 and 59.7, respectively. On this basis, the corrosion inhibition mechanism was proposed. BTA forms a complete and tight three-dimensional multilayer structure on Cu when the concentration is over 0.5 mM. With regard to 1, 2, 4-triazole, the protective film on Cu is two-dimensional, and excessive dosage of 1, 2, 4-triazole will reduce the stability of the surface film, as well as the corrosion inhibition efficiency of Cu.
Models and applications for risk assessment and prediction of Asian soybean rust epidemics (2006)

Asian rust of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] is one of the most important fungal diseases of this crop worldwide. The recent introduction of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd in the Americas represents a major threat to soybean production in the main growing regions, and significant losses have already been reported. P. pachyrhizi is extremely aggressive under favorable weather conditions, causing rapid plant defoliation. Epidemiological studies, under both controlled and natural environmental conditions, have been done for several decades with the aim of elucidating factors that affect the disease cycle as a basis for disease modeling. The recent spread of Asian soybean rust to major production regions in the world has promoted new development, testing and application of mathematical models to assess the risk and predict the disease. These efforts have included the integration of new data, epidemiological knowledge, statistical methods, and advances in computer simulation to develop models and systems with different spatial and temporal scales, objectives and audience. In this review, we present a comprehensive discussion on the models and systems that have been tested to predict and assess the risk of Asian soybean rust. Limitations, uncertainties and challenges for modelers are also discussed.
Reconnaissance with slant plane circular SAR imaging (1996)

This paper presents a method for imaging from the slant plane data collected by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) over the full rotation or a partial segment of a circular flight path. A Fourier analysis for the Green's function of the imaging system is provided. This analysis is the basis of an inversion for slant plane circular SAR data. The reconstruction algorithm and resolution for this SAR system are outlined. It is shown that the slant plane circular SAR, unlike the slant plane linear SAR, has the capability to extract three-dimensional imaging information of a target scene. The merits of the algorithm are demonstrated via a simulated target whose ultra wideband foliage penetrating (FOPEN) or ground penetrating (GPEN) ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radar signature varies with the radar's aspect angle.
Intermediate homocysteinemia: a thermolabile variant of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. (1988)

A "newly detected" variant of methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHF) reductase (E.C.1.1.1.68) deficiency associated with an 8-15-fold increase in plasma total homocysteine was discovered in two unrelated patients who had subnormal serum folate. However, the homocysteinemia was corrected by oral folic acid supplement. When MTHF reductase activities in lymphocyte extracts before and after heat treatment at 46 C for 5 min were compared, there was a consistent difference in heat stability between the enzyme from the controls and that from the patients. The mean residual activities after heat treatment were 37.0% (34.1%-42.6%) in the controls and 15.2% and 15.1% in the two patients, respectively. Two obligate heterozygotes for severe MTHF reductase deficiency had residual activities of 39.6% and 37.7%. A similar difference in thermostability was demonstrated in cultured skin fibroblasts and lymphoblasts. Studies with a mixture of lymphoblast extracts from a control and a patient and with partially purified enzyme suggested that the thermostability was an independent characteristic of MTHF reductase. These observations provided evidence of a hitherto undescribed mutant MTHF reductase in our two patients with intermediate homocysteinemia. Unlike previously reported patients with MTHF reductase deficiency, there was no apparent clinical problem related to the abnormal folate or homocysteine metabolism during infancy or childhood in these two subjects, but one of them had vascular disorders in adulthood. The observations in these two subjects suggested that a moderate deficiency of MTHF reductase might be associated with vascular disorders in adult life.
Studies on the effect of humidity on the hatchability of hen's eggs I. The determination of optimum humidity for incubation (1961)

An attempt to find the effect of humidity on hatchability and at the same time indicate the optimum humidity for incubation was carried out by subjecting eggs in one incubator to various levels of humidity and comparing the results with eggs hatched as a Control in a second incubator of identical design. Hatchability was depressed by excessively high levels of humidity but in general satisfactory hatches can be obtained between 40 and 70% R.H. The pattern of mortality, the incidence of Malposition I but not Malpositions II, III and VI were affected by humidity level. The optimum level found, c. 50% R.H., was lower than the previously accepted optimum and may be accounted for by a number of factors including egg size.
Robust in-car spelling recognition - a tandem BLSTM-HMM approach (2009)

As an intuitive hands-free input modality automatic spelling recognition is especially useful for in-car human-machine interfaces.However, for today's speech recognition engines it is extremely challenging to cope with similar sounding spelling speech sequences in the presence of noises such as the driving noise inside a car.Thus, we propose a novel Tandem spelling recogniser, combining a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) with a discriminatively trained bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) recurrent neural net.The BLSTM network captures long-range temporal dependencies to learn the properties of in-car noise, which makes the Tandem BLSTM-HMM robust with respect to speech signal disturbances at extremely low signal-to-noise ratios and mismatches between training and test noise conditions.Experiments considering various driving conditions reveal that our Tandem recogniser outperforms a conventional HMM by up to 33%.
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Tat binds to dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (CD26): a possible mechanism for Tat's immunosuppressive activity. (1994)

The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein suppresses antigen-induced, but not mitogen-induced, activation of human T cells when added to T-cell cultures [Viscidi, R. P., Mayur, K., Lederman, H. M. & Frankel, A. D. (1989) Science 246, 1606-1608]. This activity is potentially pertinent to the development of AIDS because lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals exhibit a similar antigen-specific dysfunction. Here we report that Tat binds with high affinity to the T-cell activation molecule dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DP IV), also known as CD26. This molecule occurs on the surface of CD4+ cells responsible for the recall antigen response and appears to play an essential role in this response. Tat binds to both the cell surface and soluble forms of DP IV at physiological salt concentrations without inhibiting the protease activity of DP IV against small chromogenic substrates used to assay activity, but Tat markedly inhibits the activity of DP IV at lower salt concentrations. The kinetics of inhibition indicate the affinity of Tat for DP IV varies from 20 pM to 11 nM, and the activity of the Tat-DP IV complex varies from 13% to 100%, as the NaCl concentration varies from 0 to 140 mM. Cytofluorometry experiments demonstrate that Tat competes with anti-Ta1, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for DP IV, for binding to cell surface DP IV, thus indicating that Tat binds DP IV at or near the Ta1 epitope. Moreover, the anti-Ta1 mAb blocks the immunosuppressive activity of Tat. The high affinity of Tat for DP IV, previous evidence implicating DP IV in antigen-specific T-cell activation events, and the ability of anti-Ta1 mAb to block the immunosuppressive effect of Tat make DP IV a plausible receptor for Tat's immunosuppressive activity.
A projector-based full windshield HUD simulator to evaluate the visualization methods (2014)

Many researchers in automotive industry are developing various methods for warning the dangerous situations to the driver. In order to evaluate the visualization methods of the dangerous vehicles in the projector-based full windshield head-up display (FW-HUD) system, we develop a visualization simulator of FW-HUD. The simulator is implemented by two-types of projectors and the homography based calibration between the windshield and the wall. The FW-HUD simulator is made like the real vehicle to feel the sense of reality.