gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collagen Self-Assembly on Orthopedic Magnesium Biomaterials Surface and Subsequent Bone Cell Attachment (2014)

Magnesium (Mg) biomaterials are a new generation of biodegradable materials and have promising potential for orthopedic applications. After implantation in bone tissues, these materials will directly interact with extracellular matrix (ECM) biomolecules and bone cells. Type I collagen, the major component of bone ECM, forms the architecture scaffold that provides physical support for bone cell attachment. However, it is still unknown how Mg substrate affects collagen assembly on top of it as well as subsequent cell attachment and growth. Here, we studied the effects of collagen monomer concentration, pH, assembly time, and surface roughness of two Mg materials (pure Mg and AZ31) on collagen fibril formation. Results showed that formation of fibrils would not initiate until the monomer concentration reached a certain level depending on the type of Mg material. The thickness of collagen fibril increased with the increase of assembly time. The structures of collagen fibrils formed on semi-rough surfaces of Mg materials have a high similarity to that of native bone collagen. Next, cell attachment and growth after collagen assembly were examined. Materials with rough surface showed higher collagen adsorption but compromised bone cell attachment. Interestingly, surface roughness and collagen structure did not affect cell growth on AZ31 for up to a week. Findings from this work provide some insightful information on Mg-tissue interaction at the interface and guidance for future surface modifications of Mg biomaterials.
Milk Secretion in Cultured Mammary Epithelial Cells (2006)

Mammary epithelial cells secrete milk constituents by several routes. Milk lipid is enveloped by a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) derived from the apical cell surface, and contains some of its constituent proteins. Soluble milk proteins are secreted by exocytosis. Some studies suggest these pathways are controlled independently, and may therefore provide a way to control milk composition. We propose to study secretion of the aqueous and lipid constituents of milk by comparing the secretion of butyrophilin, the major MFGM protein, with that of casein, the most abundant soluble proteins, in cultures of bovine mammary epithelial cells. Mammary epithelial cells were prepared from tissue of non-lactating, late-pregnant cows by collagenase digestion and density gradient centrifugation, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Cryopreserved cells were cultured initially on tissue culture plastic, then transferred to a reconstituted basement membrane (EHS matrix) and cultured in serum-free medium containing lactogenic hormones. On EHS matrix, cells formed multicellular structures covered in matrix (“mammospheres“), and secreted casein and butyrophilin. Unlike murine mammospheres, bovine mammospheres did not contain one central luminal space, and immunohistochemistry showed milk proteins distributed between the cells. Immunoblotting showed casein and butyrophilin present in both culture medium and an EGTA extract of luminal proteins. However, the results show that bovine mammary epithelialcells differentiate and secrete both soluble and MFGM proteins in primary culture, making this system suitable for study of control of mammary secretory pathways.
Sequence homology between potato spindle tuber viroid and U3B snRNA (1983)

Sequence homology was found by computer analysis between potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) RNA and U3B snRNA of Novikoff hepatoma cells. This homology is colinear in arrangement, extends in length to 81% of the entire U3B snRNA molecule and is involved in the PSTV molecule unique sites which, if depicted in terms of the secondary structure of the circular PSTV molecule, reveal a conspicuous regularity in their location. A strong relation in primary structure between PSTV and U3B snRNA is demonstrated by statistical analysis.
DieB-Alkyl-Suzuki-Miyaura-Kreuzkupplung: Entwicklung, Untersuchungen zum Mechanismus und Anwendungen in der Naturstoffsynthese (2001)

Die Entwicklung neuer Reaktionen zur Erleichterung effizienter und kreativer Synthesen von Zielmolekülen jedweder Art übt eine anhaltende Faszination auf Chemiker aus. Ob eine neue Reaktion einen bedeutenden Beitrag leistet, wird mit der Zeit anhand der Akzeptanz unter möglichen Anwendern entschieden. Die B-Alkyl-Suzuki-Miyaura-Kreuzkupplung scheint eine solche bedeutende Reaktion zu sein. Seit ihrer Veröffentlichung durch Suzuki und Miyaura im Jahre 1986 hat sie sich wiederholt als attraktive Lösung für herausfordernde Syntheseprobleme erwiesen.
Adaptive array noise suppression of handsfree speaker input in cars (1993)

Handsfree speaker input of mobile telephones is most desirable today in order to enable safe operation in cars. This is also a prerequisite for voice control of car devices. This paper presents an "on the road" evaluation of the performance of an adaptive microphone array for speech enhancement in cars. The results show a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement in the range of 10-15 dB over the telephone frequency range with a slight favour for higher frequencies when driving at normal speeds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conservation of substrate specificities among coronavirus main proteases (2002)

The key enzyme in coronavirus replicase polyprotein processing is the coronavirus main protease, 3CL(pro). The substrate specificities of five coronavirus main proteases, including the prototypic enzymes from the coronavirus groups I, II and III, were characterized. Recombinant main proteases of human coronavirus (HCoV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), feline infectious peritonitis virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) were tested in peptide-based trans-cleavage assays. The determination of relative rate constants for a set of corresponding HCoV, TGEV and MHV 3CL(pro) cleavage sites revealed a conserved ranking of these sites. Furthermore, a synthetic peptide representing the N-terminal HCoV 3CL(pro) cleavage site was shown to be effectively hydrolysed by noncognate main proteases. The data show that the differential cleavage kinetics of sites within pp1a/pp1ab are a conserved feature of coronavirus main proteases and lead us to predict similar processing kinetics for the replicase polyproteins of all coronaviruses.
Improving Binding Affinity and Stability of Peptide Ligands by Substituting Glycines with <scp>D</scp>‐Amino Acids (2013)

Improving the binding affinity and/or stability of peptide ligands often requires testing of large numbers of variants to identify beneficial mutations. Herein we propose a type of mutation that promises a high success rate. In a bicyclic peptide inhibitor of the cancer-related protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), we observed a glycine residue that has a positive ϕ dihedral angle when bound to the target. We hypothesized that replacing it with a D-amino acid, which favors positive ϕ angles, could enhance the binding affinity and/or proteolytic resistance. Mutation of this specific glycine to D-serine in the bicyclic peptide indeed improved inhibitory activity (1.75-fold) and stability (fourfold). X-ray-structure analysis of the inhibitors in complex with uPA showed that the peptide backbone conformation was conserved. Analysis of known cyclic peptide ligands showed that glycine is one of the most frequent amino acids, and that glycines with positive ϕ angles are found in many protein-bound peptides. These results suggest that the glycine-to-D-amino acid mutagenesis strategy could be broadly applied.
Performance analysis of hardware oriented algorithm modifications in H.264 (2003)

H.264 is initiated by ITU-T as H.26L and will become a joint standard of ITU-T and MPEG. The coding complexity of H.264 is much higher than MPEG-4 simple profile and advance simple profile algorithms. In order to achieve real-time encoding, hardware implementation is required. The original test model of H.264 (JM) is designed to achieve high coding performance. Some algorithms of the test model require lots of operations with little coding efficiency improvement. And some algorithms create data dependencies that prevent parallel hardware accelerations. This paper presents analysis of the H.264 video coding algorithm from a hardware-oriented viewpoint. Intra prediction, Hadamard transform and motion estimation algorithms are reviewed and modified to a hardware friendly configuration. The rate distortion penalties of these modifications are simulated and shown in this paper.
Outside of Dreams (2009)

This chapter describes how the chapter’s author, Ethel Morgan Smith, met Alice Bookman in her screenwriting class at a writer’s conference on St. Simon in Georgia. During the author’s last three months in Atlanta, her fast friendship with Alice had flourished into lunches and talking on the telephone daily about books and writing. When Smith finally moved to Roanoke she and Alice continued to be in touch by way of telephone, and sometimes quick notes or cards. Alice even suggested that they write an epistolary novel. After hearing news of Alice’s death, Smith felt a deep sadness and realized the sad fact that most of us are closer to friends than family. Deep in her heart Smith knew that Alice’s passing signified a great loss for all who knew her.
An IR-based facial expression tracking sensor for head-mounted displays (2016)

We proposed an IR-based facial expression tracking sensor for Head-Mounted Displays(HMD). The proposed sensor uses lateral propagation characteristics of IR light on human skin to capture the degree of compressed or stretched deformations of facial skin. We derived a semi-empirical equation modeling the lateral propagation characteristics of vertically incident IR light into human skin, with parameters which fit to the measured data. All components of IR emitters and receivers were integrated into the form interface of a commercial VR headset. We verified the functionality of tracking performance from 4-kind of basic facial expressions in the experiment using the implemented prototype headset. As a further work, we will upgrade the performance of proposed sensor to recognize emotional expressions of HMD user by applying machine learning technique. We are aiming to enable immersive human to human(or avatar) communications in the cyberspace.
Boresight alignment method for mobile laser scanning systems (2010)

Mobile laser scanning (MLS) is the latest approach towards fast and cost-efficient acquisition of 3-dimensional spatial data. Accurately evaluating the boresight alignment in MLS systems is an obvious necessity. However, recent systems available on the market may lack of suitable and efficient practical workflows on how to perform this calibration. This paper discusses an innovative method for accurately determining the boresight alignment of MLS systems by employing 3D laser scanners. Scanning objects using a 3D laser scanner operating in a 2D line-scan mode from various different runs and scan directions provides valuable scan data for determining the angular alignment between inertial measurement unit and laser scanner. Field data is presented demonstrating the final accuracy of the calibration and the high quality of the point cloud acquired during an MLS campaign.
Metamaterials: An Introduction (2009)

Metamaterials, so named to recognize and emphasize their purpose, aim to achieve material performance "beyond" the limitations of conventional composites. The holy grail of conventional composite design is to achieve composite properties that are a volumetric average of those of its constituents. One of the goals of this chapter is to outline the strategy of metamaterial design, its hallmark being the exploitation of low dimensionality to extend composite performance. Another goal is to discuss the generality of the metamaterial strategy, and to illustrate its successful implementation in diverse application areas. Finally, the use of metamaterial synthesis to achieve nearly ideal electromagnetic composite responses is discussed. The rules for this approach are illustrated by outlining the design of a laminated electromagnetic composite that possesses some remarkable and previously unobserved properties.
Shape from regularities for interactive 3D reconstruction of piecewise planar objects from single images (2006)

3D object reconstruction from single 2D images has many applications in multimedia. This paper proposes an approach based on image regularities such as connectivity, parallelism, and orthogonality possessed by the objects with simple user interactions. It is assumed that the objects are piecewise planar. By representing the 3D objects as a shape vector consisting of the normals of the faces of the objects, we impose geometric constraints on this shape vector using the regularities of the objects. We derive a system of equations in terms of the shape vector and the focal length, which we can solve for the shape vector optimally. Experimental results on real images are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Transplantation of cultured human retinal epithelium to Bruch's membrane of the owl monkey's eye (1985)

Human retinal epithelial cells dividing in culture have been radiolabelled with tritiated thymidine and subsequently transplanted and identified on Bruch's membrane of owl monkey by autoradiography. Such cells have been followed from 2 hours to 7 days after transplantation. The transplant cells reattach within 2 hours to the basement membrane left on Bruch's membrane after the host epithelial cells have been removed by suction after trypsinization. Within 6 to 24 hours they form a layer on Bruch's membrane with junctional complexes between cells and an apical-basal polarity characteristic of such cells in culture or after retinal detachment. After 2 to 7 days multilayers form by continued mitosis but no transplant cells invade the choroid as long as Bruch membrane is intact. Within this time macrophages begin to appear in the choriocapillaris under the transplant. These cells migrate through Bruch's membrane and between the transplant cells but have not been seen phagocytizing transplant cells. Reattachment of the neural retina to the transplant layer has not been attempted but seems technically possible.
Macro language design for SYSTEM/360 (1966)

Of several programming languages for IBM SYSTEM/360, the Assembler Language (AL) is closest to the machine language in form and content. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1–3</sup> Because AL enables the programmer to use all SYSTEM/360 facilities as directly as if he were coding in machine language, AL can be used for all types of applications, and affords the programmer complete freedom in adapting special programming techniques to his specific needs. This paper discusses a macro language that programmers can invoke to reduce AL programming effort and shorten AL source programs.
Action of Arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase on sialoglycolipid substrates. Mode of action and highly specific recognition of the oligosaccharide moiety of ganglioside GM1. (1979)

A new bacterial sialidase (N-acetylneuraminate glycohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.18) isolated from the culture filtrate of Arthrobacter ureafaciens was characterized in detail with respect to its action on sialoglycolipids. Strong electrolytes had a reversible inhibitory effect on the action of the enzyme on brain gangliosides in accordance with Debye-Hückel effect of ionic environment on ionic activity, and resulted in an acidic shift and a broadening of the pH optimum. Both ionic and non-ionic detergents markedly enhanced the enzymic activity on the gangliosides, and caused an acidic shift on the pH optimum of this enzyme. Sulfhydryl groups seemed to be involved in its active site. This enzyme had a highly specific action on sialidase-resistant ganglioside GM1, showing about 100-fold higher activity on GM1 than Clostridium perfringens sialidase, the only sialidase so far reported to cleave the lipid substrate in the presence of bile salts. In the absence of detergents, the activity of A. ureafaciens sialidase on GM1 was very low. Ganglioside GM1 in either the monomeric or micelar form was hydrolyzed to asialo-GM1 by A. ureafaciens sialidase most efficiently in the presence of sodium cholate of about three times the GM1 molar concentration. The presence of detergents increased both the Km and Vmax values for ganglioside GM1. The oligosaccharide prepared from GM1 by ozonolysis was cleaved well by this sialidase in the absence of detergents, and no detergent was found to affect the hydrolysis. The Km value for the sugar substrate was about two orders of magnitude greater than that for the corresponding lipid substrate. It is suggested that the hydrophobic ceramide moiety increases affinity of the lipid substrate to the enzyme, but inhibits hydrolysis of the substrate, possibly due to its hydrophobic interaction with hydrophobic portions of the enzyme molecule (resulting in lower Km and Vmax for lipid substrates). This inhibition may be released by detergent due to formation of mixed micelles of sialoglycolipid and detergent molecules. It is also indicated that recognition of the specific saccharide structure of GM1 by individual sialidases is essential for release of the resistant sialyl residue, and that A. ureafaciens sialidase seemed to have an isoenzymic or oligomeric structure.
THE STRUCTURE OF SOME SODIUM AND CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATES (1930)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Broccoli sprouts: An exceptionally rich source of inducers of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogens (chemoprotectionyglucosinolatesyisothiocyanatesysulforaphaneyglucoraphanin) (1997)

Induction of phase 2 detoxication enzymes (e.g., glutathione transferases, epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H: quinone reductase, and glucuronosyltransferases) is a pow- erful strategy for achieving protection against carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and other forms of toxicity of electrophiles and reactive forms of oxygen. Since consumption of large quanti- ties of fruit and vegetables is associated with a striking reduction in the risk of developing a variety of malignancies, it is of interest that a number of edible plants contain substantial quantities of compounds that regulate mamma- lian enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism. Thus, edible plants belonging to the family Cruciferae and genus Brassica (e.g., broccoli and caulif lower) contain substantial quantities of isothiocyanates (mostly in the form of their glucosinolate precursors) some of which (e.g., sulforaphane or 4- methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate) are very potent inducers of phase 2 enzymes. Unexpectedly, 3-day-old sprouts of cul- tivars of certain crucifers including broccoli and caulif lower contain 10-100 times higher levels of glucoraphanin (the glucosinolate of sulforaphane) than do the corresponding mature plants. Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates can be efficiently extracted from plants, without hydrolysis of glu- cosinolates by myrosinase, by homogenization in a mixture of equal volumes of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and acetonitrile at 250°C. Extracts of 3-day-old broccoli sprouts (containing either glucoraphanin or sulforaphane as the principal enzyme inducer) were highly effective in reducing the incidence, multiplicity, and rate of development of mam- mary tumors in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated rats. No- tably, sprouts of many broccoli cultivars contain negligible quantities of indole glucosinolates, which predominate in the mature vegetable and may give rise to degradation products (e.g., indole-3-carbinol) that can enhance tumorigenesis. Hence, small quantities of crucifer sprouts may protect against the risk of cancer as effectively as much larger quantities of mature vegetables of the same variety.
Evaluations of extracellular pH within in vivo tumors using acidoCEST MRI (2013)

This study demonstrates that an optimized acidoCEST MRI method is a practical, noninvasive method for assessing changes in tumor acidosis.
Spatially adaptive subsampling of image sequences (1994)

In a spatially adaptive subsampling scheme, the subsampling lattice is adapted to the local spatial frequency content of an image sequence. In this paper, we use rate-distortion theory to show that spatially adaptive subsampling gives a better performance than subsampling with a fixed sampling lattice. A new algorithm that optimally assigns sampling lattices to different parts of the image is presented. The proposed spatially adaptive subsampling method can be applied within a motion-compensated coding scheme as well. Experiments show an increased performance over fixed lattice subsampling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ceramide Changes the Mediator of Flow-Induced Vasodilation From Nitric Oxide to Hydrogen Peroxide in the Human Microcirculation (2014)

Our data indicate that ceramide has an integral role in the transition of the mediator of FID from nitric oxide to mitochondrial-derived H2O2 and that inhibition of ceramide production can revert the mechanism of dilation back to nitric oxide. Ceramide may be an important target for preventing and treating vascular dysfunction associated with atherosclerosis.
Chromogenic Immuno detection of Human Serum Albumin and α- <scp>l</scp> -Fucosidase Clones in a Human Hepatoma cDNA Expression Library (1984)

A human hepatoma cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt11, a bacteriophage vector that was designed to express cDNA-encoded antigenic determinants in Escherichia coli. The cDNA expression library contained approximately 8 X 10(6) recombinant phages with an average insert size of 780 bp. The feasibility of using a chromogenic immunodetection procedure to isolate cDNA clones was proved by isolating a human serum albumin (HSA) cDNA clone. An approximately 1.0-kb cDNA clone was then isolated by screening the library with rabbit anti-human alpha-L-fucosidase antibodies. The identity of the alpha-L-fucosidase cDNA clone was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis and a comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence to the amino acid sequences of human alpha-L-fucosidase tryptic peptides.
INVESTIGATION OF A PRIMARY REQUIREMENT OF ORGAN PRESERVATION SOLUTIONS (1998)

The results of this study suggest that supplementing the "gold standard" UW solution with an additional buffering agent (in order of efficacy: bicine>tricine>histidine) may improve the metabolic status of livers during clinical organ retrieval/storage.
Electron-Sensitive CCD Readout Array For A Circular-Scan Streak Tube (1986)

Design considerations and feasibility of a self-scanned circular electron-sensitive CCD readout array to be incorporated within a circular-scan streak tube are discussed. For a scan diameter of 30 mm the circular array will comprise 3500 detector elements. Estimates of the performance characteristics are presented with particular reference to detection sensitivity and signal-to-noise requirements. This streak tube with integral readout is designed to have a temporal resolution ⪅5 ps and will form an essential part of a future spaceborne laser ranging system.