gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of Ablation Decentration Following Excimer Photorefractive Keratectomy (1995)

As with any keratorefractive procedure, the results of excimer photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) are dependent on accurate centration. Although ablation decentration is a recognized complication, to our knowledge, methods for correction of this uncommon but significant complication have not been described in detail. We report herein a case of successful management. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> A healthy 24-year-old man underwent excimer PRK in the left eye (6.0-mm ablation zone) with a VISX 2020 excimer laser (VISX, Inc, Santa Clara, Calif) as part of a Food and Drug Administration-approved investigational study. Preoperative visual acuity was 20/20 OS, with a manifest and cycloplegic refraction of − 7.75 −0.25 X170 diopters (D) and otherwise normal results of an ocular examination. Postoperatively, the treatment zone was noted to be nasally decentered. One year later, the patient still complained of glare and distortion, with uncorrected visual acuity of 20/70 correcting to 20/30 and a manifest refraction
A dual-frequency antenna fed by CPW (2005)

A dual band printed diversity antenna for 2.4/5.2GHz WLAN operation is proposed. The antenna consists of two orthogonal C-shaped monopoles which are directly fed by CPW. Across the two bands, the antenna has two highly decoupled ports and can provide spatial diversity to combat the multipath fading problem.
SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY: TREATMENT IS WITH CALCIUM CARBONATE OR CALCIUM CITRATE? (2015)

Supplementation with calcium (citrate or carbonate) and vitamin D is recommended after surgery for prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Phthalimide Derivatives: New Promising Additives for Functional Electrolyte in Lithium-ion Batteries (2019)

Vinylene carbonate (VC) is the most well-known additive for current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Low anodic stability or insufficient oxidation stability as a drawback of VC affected LIBs performance, especially in high voltage applications. As computational screening is faster and much less expensive than experimental trial and error testing, by using density functional theory (DFT) computations, phthalimide derivatives are screened as promising solid electrolyte interface (SEI) forming additives in LIBs. Our computational screening comprising frontier orbital energy, binding energy, and redox potentials shows that phthalimide derivatives are promising candidates as SEI-forming additives on graphite anode in ethylene carbonate (EC), and propylene carbonate (PC), based electrolytes. Additionally, four phthalimide derivatives including 3-nitrophthalimide, N-chlorophthalimide, 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorophthalimide, and phthalimide itself, due to their higher anodic stability and also reduction potential compared to VC, can be used as future alternatives of VC for LIBs.
Flow-Induced Crystallization and Self-Reinforcement During Extrusion (1991)

Abstract Flow-induced crystallization of high-density polyethylene and polypropylene films has been studied in a slit die equipped with optical windows to allow direct visual observation of the process. Mechanical and thermal property measurements and morphological analyses verify the presence of self-reinforced, extended-chain structures in the extrudate. By controlling the location of the crystallization front inside the die but near the exit, continuous extrusion was possible at lower pressures than previously reported. Birefringence measurements of the melt flow indicated the feasibility of an optimal die geometry to maximize oriented structure development during continuous extrusion while minimizing pressure buildup.
Circumvention of Multiple-Drug Resistance in Human Cancer Cells By Thioridazine, Trifluoperazine, and Chlorpromazine<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref> (1986)

Human KB carcinoma cells were selected in four sequential steps for increasing resistance to colchicine and were found to be cross-resistant to multiple drugs. Thioridazine, a phenothiazine calmodulin inhibitor, almost completely reversed the resistance of the multiple-drug-resistant cells to doxorubicin, vinblastine, dactinomycin, and daunorubicin, and partially reversed the resistance to colchicine and vincristine. Other phenothiazine calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, were also found to show similar but somewhat weaker effects on drug resistance. However, a well-known naphthalenesulfonamide derivative calmodulin inhibitor, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), could not reverse the drug resistance. Very low accumulation of vincristine or daunorubicin was observed in the multiple-drug-resistant KB cells in comparison with accumulation in the parental KB cells. Increased rate of accumulation of the drugs by thioridazine, trifluoperazine, and chlorpromazine was most prominent in the resistant KB-ChR-24 cells than in KB cells. We have observed enhanced efflux of the drugs from the resistant cells, and thioridazine inhibited this efflux. These studies suggest a role for increased drug efflux in the development of the multiple-drug resistance phenotype in human carcinoma cells.
Semantic segmentation of computed tomography for radiotherapy with deep learning: compensating insufficient annotation quality using contour augmentation (2019)

In radiotherapy treatment planning, manual annotation of organs-at-risk and target volumes is a difficult and time-consuming task, prone to intra and inter-observer variabilities. Deep learning networks (DLNs) are gaining worldwide attention to automate such annotative tasks because of their ability to capture data hierarchy. However, for better performance DLNs require large number of data samples whereas annotated medical data is scarce. To remedy this, data augmentation is used to increase the training data for DLNs that enables robust learning by incorporating spatial/translational invariance into the training phase. Importantly, performance of DLNs is highly dependent on the ground truth (GT) quality: if manual annotation is not accurate enough, the network cannot learn better than the annotated example. This highlights the need to compensate for possibly insufficient GT quality using augmentation, i.e., by providing more GTs per image, in order to improve performance of DLNs. In this work, small random alterations were applied to GT and each altered GT was considered as an additional annotation. Contour augmentation was used to train a dilated U-Net in multiple GTs per image setting, which was tested on a pelvic CT dataset acquired from 67 patients to segment bladder and rectum in a multi-class segmentation setting. By using contour augmentation (coupled with data augmentation), the network learnt better than with data augmentation only, as it was able to correct slightly offset contours in GT. The segmentation results produced were quantified using spatial overlap, distance-based and probabilistic measures. The Dice score for bladder and rectum are reported as 0.88±0.19 and 0.89±0.04, whereas the average symmetric surface distance are 0.22 ± 0.09 mm and 0.09 ± 0.05 mm, respectively.
CPP sensors with an enhanced MR using laminated FM layers (2003)

Summary form only given. Current perpendicular to plane (CPP) GMR is being studied as the possible candidate for high density recording applications. One of the advantages of CPP GMR is that it allows the elimination of the insulating gap layer in the read head. However, the most recently reported MR ratio of CPP sensors is only about 2.3% even in specular spin-valves. The performance of the CPP spin-valves has to be increased substantially before it can be applied to read heads. One of the possible ways to increase the MR of CPP spin-valves is to confine the electrons at the active layers so that they will experience more spin-dependent scattering at the interface. This can be realized by either putting oxides at the outer boundary of the free and pinned layers or using metallic multiple layers. The former has already been explored in current in plane spin valves as the specular reflective layers. The latter is relatively new to metallic systems. If the surface of individual layers is sufficiently smooth, it should be possible to form highly reflective spin-dependent electron mirrors or Bragg reflectors. Based on this background, in this work, we have investigated the effect of using (CoFe/Cu)/sub N/ multilayers as a free layer in dual CPP spin-valves with nano-oxides as the specular reflection layers.
Morphine-like properties of diphenylethylamine and related compounds (1944)

Abstract Since morphine possesses the phenanthrene ring structure, experiments have been performed to investigate the possibility of producing a simple analogue with a relationship similar to that between oestrone and stilboestrol. The activity of diphenylethylamine and a number of other compounds has been investi­gated. Many were found to possess morphine-like activity, and of these the most promising from the clinical point of view was β-hydroxy-αβ-diphenylethylamine. This substance was found to give complete relief from pain in doses of 200-400 mg. 4-hourly.
Assessing the implementation and effectiveness of process management initiatives at technologically consistent firms (2011)

Purpose A firm may be considered to be technologically consistent if its manufacturing technology is appropriate for its segment of its industry. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between technology consistency and both the rate of adoption and performance of six specific process management initiatives. Design/methodology/approach A mail survey was administered to CEO's at a total of 400 food processing, pharmaceutical/biotechnology, apparel and semiconductor firms in the USA. In total, 80 usable responses were returned, resulting in a response rate of 20 percent; 64 of these responses form the basis for the results presented in this paper. Findings The results indicate that there was a relationship between technology consistency and the adoption of only one of the six process management initiatives covered in this study. However, most of the respondents indicated that the initiatives that they had chosen were effective in meeting their needs. Practical implications This study concerns the adoption of six process management initiatives at firms in four industries. The results indicate that these initiatives appear to be just as relevant and beneficial to manufacturers regardless of the level of technology existent in their industry. However, examination of this phenomenon for a greater number of initiatives at a wider cross section of manufacturing industries is desirable. Originality/value This research is innovative in that it considers the impact of the implementation of various process management initiatives in the context of the technological consistency of the adopting firm. The reported results are relevant for small, moderate and large manufacturing concerns.
Quantitative Dimethyl Sulfate Mapping for Automated RNA Secondary Structure Inference (2012)

For decades, dimethyl sulfate (DMS) mapping has informed manual modeling of RNA structure in vitro and in vivo. Here, we incorporate DMS data into automated secondary structure inference using an energy minimization framework developed for 2'-OH acylation (SHAPE) mapping. On six noncoding RNAs with crystallographic models, DMS-guided modeling achieves overall false negative and false discovery rates of 9.5% and 11.6%, respectively, comparable to or better than those of SHAPE-guided modeling, and bootstrapping provides straightforward confidence estimates. Integrating DMS-SHAPE data and including 1-cyclohexyl(2-morpholinoethyl) carbodiimide metho-p-toluene sulfonate (CMCT) reactivities provide small additional improvements. These results establish DMS mapping, an already routine technique, as a quantitative tool for unbiased RNA secondary structure modeling.
IRIS RECOGNITION BORDER-CROSSING SYSTEM IN THE UAE (2004)

For the past three years, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has employed an iris recognition system for passengers arriving in the UAE by land, sea or air. By looking at an iris camera for a second or two while passing through immigration control, each passenger's iris patterns are encoded mathematically and the resulting image is sent over a distributed communications network to a central database where they are compared with the images from 420,000 people who were expelled from the UAE for various violations. Less than one second is required for each image to be compared against the full database. More than 9,500 people have been caught traveling with forged identities by this system. This article describes the system in detail, including the critical features of the system architecture and the algorithm for encoding and comparing iris patterns. The system operates in an against all identification search mode. The decision thresholds are automatically adjusted according to the size of the enrolled database and thus the number of comparisons performed, so that there is no net accumulation of probability of false matches. This makes the system extremely efficient and accurate. All of the matches made so far between arriving passengers and violators in the database have been confirmed by other records.
Detection of Lettuce Infectious Yellow Virus (LIYV) in Greenhouse and Field Inoculated Plots Using an Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (Indirect ELISA) (1989)

Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV), a recently recognized plant virus, causes dramatic yellowing symptoms and severe diseases in a wide range of vegetable crops in Arizona, adjacent southwestern states and Mexico. Until now, the only available diagnostic method was a time-consuming bioassay that used the insect vector to transmit the virus, with subsequent manipulation of indicator plants. A rapid, sensitive diagnostic technique (termed an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay, called indirect ELISA) system was developed to detect lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) in infected plant material. A virus specific antibody was made to viral capsid protein which was purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The indirect ELISA system was optimized and used to detect viral antigen in greenhouse-inoculated melons. The system was subsequently adapted to detect LIYV in symptomatic and asymptomatic weed and cultivated plant species collected from infected fields near Yuma and in central Arizona. The indirect ELISA system described here allows for the detection of approximately 100 ng of virus per well. The LIYV was detectable in symptomatic (but not in asymptomatic) leaves of melon plants infected with the virus. In contrast, the virus could be detected in both symptomatic and symptomless cheeseweed plants collected in the field. The optical density readings for infected weed species were generally lower than those for cultivated species, such as melons, lettuce, and spinach, suggesting that there is less virus in the weed hosts tested than in infected, cultivated hosts.
Mass exchange between stratosphere and trotosphere over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings (2002)

Using NCEP dataset we calculate the exchange of mass across the thermal tropopause by the Wei’s method from 1978 to 1997 over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings. We also calculate the annual variation of aerosol and ozone of 100 hPa level with the monthly SAGE dataset from July 1988 to December 1993. Results indicate that (i) the mass from troposphere to stratosphere is magistral station in summer over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings. The air transport reaches the summit in midsummer with two large value centers, which lie in the north of Bengal Bay and southeastern Tibetan Plateau, respectively. A large value center, which lies over the Tibetan Plateau, is smaller than that aforementioned. In winter, the mass transport is from stratosphere to troposphere, and reaches the minimum in January. (ii) As far as the 19-year mean cross-tropopause mass exchange from June to September is concerned, the net mass transport is 14.84×l018 kg from troposphere to stratosphere. So the area from the Tibet
Phase-Locked Loop Noise Reduction via Phase Detector Implementation for Single-Phase Systems (2010)

A crucial component of grid-connected converters is the phase-locked loop (PLL) control subsystem that tracks the grid voltage's frequency and phase angle. Therefore, accurate fast-responding PLLs for control and protection purposes are required to provide these measurements. This paper proposes a novel feedback mechanism for single-phase PLL phase detectors using the estimated phase angle. Ripple noise appearing in the estimated frequency, most commonly the second harmonic under phase-lock conditions, is reduced or eliminated without the use of low-pass filters, which can cause delays to occur and limits the overall performance of the PLL response to dynamic changes in the system. The proposed method has the capability to eliminate the noise ripple entirely and, under extreme line distortion conditions, can reduce the ripple by at least half. Other modifications implemented through frequency feedback are shown to decrease the settling time of the PLL up to 50%. Mathematical analyses with the simulated and experimental results are provided to confirm the validity of the proposed methods.
The Use of Common Carotid Waveform Analysis in the Diagnosis of Carotid Occlusive Disease (1983)

Duplex scanning with spectral analysis of the pulsed Doppler signal are currently used to detect and classify disease at the carotid bifurcation. Although the sensitivity of the test exceeds 90%, the method has a lower specificity which ranges between 8 and 50%. The poor specificity is due to the difficulty in distinguishing flow disturbances normally present at the carotid bifurcation from those produced by minimal amount of disease. In order to improve the ability of the method to predict normalcy, new features measured from the low common carotid waveform are evaluated on 150 sides. The difference of frequency from the systolic peak (a) to the point of first zero slope after peak systole (b) was used to define the ratio (a-b)/a. A ratio greater than 0.5 was associated with 76% of the normal sides and only 7% of the diseased sides. A ratio below 0.5 was associated with 83% of the diseased sides. This ratio, when used alone, can improve the specificity of the method to 76%.
Fine Mapping Implicates a Deletion of CFHR1 and CFHR3 in Protection from IgA Nephropathy in Han Chinese (2016)

An intronic variant at the complement factor H (CFH) gene on chromosome 1q32 (rs6677604) associates with risk of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), but the association signal has not been uniformly replicated in Han Chinese populations. We investigated whether the causal sequence variant resides in the CFH gene or the neighboring complement factor H-related 1 (CFHR1) gene and CFHR3, which harbor an 84-kb combined deletion (CFHR3,1Δ) in linkage disequilibrium with rs6677604. Imputation of 1000 Genomes Project data did not suggest new causal single-nucleotide variants within the CFH cluster. We next performed copy number analysis across the CFH locus in two independent Han Chinese case-control cohorts (combined n=3581). The CFHR3,1Δ and rs6677604-A alleles were rare (4.4% in patients and 7.1% in controls) and in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other (r<sup>2</sup>=0.95); of these alleles, CFHR3,1Δ associated more significantly with decreased risk of IgAN (odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.46 to 0.70; P=8.5 × 10<sup>-8</sup> versus OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.75; P=1.6 × 10<sup>-6</sup> for rs6677604-A). Moreover, CFHR3,1Δ explained all of the association signal at rs6677604 and remained significant after conditioning on rs6677604 genotype (P=0.01). Exploratory analyses of clinical and histopathologic parameters using the Oxford classification criteria revealed a suggestive association of CFHR3,1Δ with reduced tubulointerstitial injury (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.79). These data indicate that dysregulated activity of the alternative complement pathway contributes to IgAN pathogenesis in both Asians and Europeans and implicate CFHR3,1Δ as the functional allele at this locus.
Thermal ink-transfer imaging (1980)

Thermal ink-transfer imaging was studied in order to obtain plain-paper prints with conventional thermal equipment. This ink-transfer imaging is accomplished by using a thermal head to heat and melt an ink coated on a base and directly transferring the ink to plain paper, pressed against the ink layer. A theoretical analysis of pertinent performance characteristics was carried out on a statistical model, solving appropriate heat-conduction equations. The results were confirmed experimentally. The isodensity and printing energy characteristics obtained are useful in designing the optimum imaging conditions. For applications, the ink-film and ink-thermal-paper printing methods were demonstrated for both thermal facsimile and thermal printer with sufficiently good performance levels.
Katalysierte Nitrilreduktionen mit Natriumborhydrid (1970)

Abstract The reduction of benzonitrile with sodium borohydride in aqueous methanol in the presence of Raney nickel as a catalyst provides high yields of benzylamine as compared with the known low yields in the absence of Raney nickel. An explanation is proposed. Butyronitrile gives similar good yields of n ‐butylamine.
Automated monitoring and interactive data evaluation for a gravel aquifer in central London (1992)

Abstract Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick was commissioned by CIRIA in 1990 to undertake an investigation into the impact of urbanization on the Thames Gravel Aquifer of central London. As a part of this investigation, a computerized approach to data handling was adopted. This paper describes the approach, from the use of downhole data loggers for monitoring groundwater and hydrological parameters, through to the analysis of field data using a lumped parameter model constructed on a spreadsheet and a geographical information system developed in-house. The advantages and disadvantages of this particular combination of computer hardware and software for aquifer monitoring studies are discussed.
Pattern of prepro-endothelin-1 expression revealed by reporter-gene activity in kidneys of erythropoietin-overexpressing mice (2002)

Transgenic overexpression of erythropoietin (Epo) in mice increases haematocrit to a mean of 80% in adult mice, leading to an increase in blood viscosity and volume. As a consequence, renal tissue endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations are significantly elevated in erythropoietin-overexpressing (Epo+) mice (mean+/-S.E.M; Epo+, 798+/-71; Epo-, 400+/-25 pg/g tissue; P<0.01). To investigate the pattern of expression of the primary translation product of the ET-1 gene, prepro-ET-1, in kidneys of (Epo+) mice, we generated crossbred mice overexpressing the human EPO gene with mice carrying a reporter gene construct expressing the LacZ gene under the control of the human prepro-ET-1 promotor sequence (LacZ+/Epo+). For comparison, we generated (LacZ+/Epo-) mice from the same strains. After Bluo-Gal staining of frozen kidney sections (n=10 in each group), intracellular blue precipitates as indicators of prepro-ET-1 promotor activity were detectable in tubular and vascular endothelium and glomerular cells in (LacZ+/Epo-) as well as (LacZ+/Epo+) mice. Comparison of the amount of blue precipitates by semiquantitative scoring showed a significant increase in reporter gene activity in tubular epithelium of (LacZ+/Epo+) mice (mean+/-S.E.M.; LacZ+/Epo+, 1.64+/-0.18; LacZ+/Epo-, 1.00+/-0.19; P<0.05). Reporter gene activity was not significantly elevated in epithelium of small intrarenal arteries of (LacZ+/Epo+) mice (mean+/-S.E.M.; LacZ+/Epo+, 0.86+/-0.14; LacZ+/Epo-, 0.38+/-0.21; P=0.08) and was similar in glomerular cells (mean+/-S.E.M.; LacZ+/Epo+, 1.28+/-0.16; LacZ+/Epo-, 1.14+/-0.21; P=0.6). The main source of elevated ET-1 tissue concentration in kidneys of (Epo+) mice therefore seems more likely to be tubular than vascular endothelium or glomerular cells.