gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Is Routine Surveillance Necessary? (2011)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) may be an important pathogen following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We prospectively evaluated weekly HHV6 viremia testing after allogeneic HCT using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay. HHV-6 viremia was detected in 46 of 82 (56%) patients at a median of 23 days post-HCT (range: day +10 to +168). More males (65% vs females 39%, P = .03) and recipients of umbilical cord blood (UCB 69% vs unrelated donor [URD], 46% vs sibling donor [20%] grafts, P = 0.01) reactivated HHV-6. Patients with HHV6 viremia had more cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation (26% vs 5.5%, P = .01) and unexplained fever and rash (23.9% vs 2.7%, P = .01) compared with patients without HHV6 viremia. High-level HHV6 (≥ 25,000 copies/mL) versus lower levels were associated with more culture-negative pneumonitis (72.7% vs 22.8%, P = .01). Twenty HHV6-positive patients were treated with foscarnet, ganciclovir, or cidofovir for HHV6 or other coexistent viruses. Within 2 weeks, HHV6 viremia resolved more commonly in treated (65%) than untreated patients (31%), P = .02. Survival at 3 months was similar in treated and untreated patients (90% vs 81%, P = .4). Survival at 3 and 6 months post-HCT were not affected by HHV6 positivity (3 months HHV6+ 85% vs 78%, P = .46; 6 months HHV6+ 70% vs 72%, P = .89) or by HHV6 level (3-month high level 73% vs 89%, P = .23; 6-month high level 64% vs 71%, P = .54). Neither the occurrence of HHV6, degree of viremia, nor use of antiviral drugs influenced short-term survival after HCT.
Measurements of lightning rod responses to nearby strikes (2000)

Following Benjamin Franklin's invention of the lightning rod, based on his discovery that electrified objects could be discharged by approaching them with a metal needle in hand, conventional lightning rods in the U.S. have had sharp tips. In recent years, the role of the sharp tip in causing a lightning rod to act as a strike receptor has been questioned leading to experiments in which pairs of various sharp‐tipped and blunt rods have been exposed beneath thunderclouds to determine the better strike receptor. After seven years of tests, none of the sharp Franklin rods or of the so‐called “early streamer emitters” has been struck, but 12 blunt rods with tip diameters ranging from 12.7 mm to 25.4 mm have taken strikes. Our field experiments and our analyses indicate that the strike‐reception probabilities of Franklin's rods are greatly increased when their tips are made moderately blunt.
SHP2 and cbl participate in α-chemokine receptor CXCR4–mediated signaling pathways (2001)

Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha and its receptor, CXCR4, play an important role in cell migration, embryonic development, and human immunodeficiency virus infection. However, the cellular signaling pathways that mediate these processes are not fully elucidated. We and others have shown that the binding of SDF-1alpha to CXCR4 activates phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3 kinase), p44/42 mitogen-associated protein kinase, and the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB, and it also enhances the tyrosine phosphorylation and association of proteins involved in the formation of focal adhesions. In this study, we examined the role of phosphatases in CXCR4-mediated signaling pathways. We observed significant inhibition of SDF-1alpha-induced migration by phosphatase inhibitors in CXCR4-transfected pre-B lymphoma L1.2 cells, Jurkat T cells, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Further studies revealed that SDF-1alpha stimulation induced robust tyrosine phosphorylation in the SH2-containing phosphatase SHP2. SHP2 associated with the CXCR4 receptor and the signaling molecules SHIP, cbl, and fyn. Overexpression of wild-type SHP2 increased SDF-1alpha-induced chemotaxis. Enhanced activation of fyn and lyn kinases and the tyrosine phosphorylation of cbl were also observed. In addition, SDF-1alpha stimulation enhanced the association of cbl with PI-3 kinase, Crk-L, and 14-3-3beta proteins. Our results suggest that CXCR4-mediated signaling is regulated by SHP2 and cbl, which collectively participate in the formation of a multimeric signaling complex.
Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles and Practice (2002)

Evolution to the 21 st Century ABO and Related Antigens Rh Clinically Significant Antigens Other Antigens Platelet Antigens HLA and Granulycte Antigens Information to Blood Donors and Donation Informed Consent Lookback Investigations Product Recall/Withdrawal Quality Improvement/Control Component Preparation and Storage Infectious Disease Testing Packed RBCs and Related Products Fresh Frozen Plasma and Related Products Cryoprecipitate and Related Products Albumin, lvlg and Derivatives Platelets and Related Products Granulocytes Coagulation Factor Preparations Leukocyte Reduced Products Virus-Safe Products Irradiated Products Washed/Volume Reduced Products Blood Substitutes Alternative to Allogeneic Transfusion Red Blood Cell Transfusion and the Transfusion Trigger Transfusion in the Surgical Setting Transfusion of the Patient with Congenitally Coagulation Defects Transfusion of the Patient with Acquired Coagulation Defect Obstetric and Intrauterine Transfusion Transfusion of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient Transfusion of the Hemoglobinopathies Transfusion to Bone Marrow Transplant, Organ Transplant Recipient, and HIV+ Patients Transfusion of the Platelet Refactory Patient Transfusion of the Hemolytic Anemias Bone Marrow Transplantation Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Mononuclear Cell Preparations Complication of Cellular Therapy Acute Transfusion Reactions Delayed Febrile Transfusion Reactions Allergic Transfusion Reactions Other Non-Infectious Complication Immunomodulation 48a. Microchimerism and GVHD Hepatitis A, B, and other Non-A, Non-B, Non-C Viruses Hepatitis C HIV HTLV and Other Retroviruses Human Herpes Virus Infections Bacterial Infections Additional Infectious Complications Practical, Technical and Adverse Reaction Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Cytapheresi
<title>Microelectro discharge machining as a technology in micromachining</title> (1996)

In recent years, machine facilities for Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) have been dramatically improved. Enormous progress has been obtained with respect to form accuracy and structure precision even in the submicron domain, which qualifies EDM as a technology for microfabrication ((mu) EDM). (Mu) EDM therefore extends the family of existing microtechniques e.g. the LIGA process or silicon surface micromachining. The EDM-technology offers 3D microfabrication of conductive materials independent of their mechanical properties like hardness, brittleness, etc. This capability offers new fields of application for the microfabrication of components made e.g. from stainless steel or titanium. In order to demonstrate the successful application of various (mu) EDM processes components and devices like micro gearwheels, microreactors, micro punching tools and mould inserts for micro injection molding of an optical fiber connector are presented, which have been fabricated by EDM in close cooperation between the Institute of Microtechnology Mainz GmbH and the Swiss EDM-manufacturer AGIE Losone. Based on their know-how the partners aim to optimize (mu) EDM for microfabrication purposes.
Selective Catalysis of Lactic Acid to Produce Commodity Chemicals (2009)

Owning to its biobased organic acid, low cost and multiple reactive functionalities as it contains both one carboxylic acid group and hydroxyl group, lactic acid has been described as a commodity chemical sleeping giant. In this review, the conversion of lactic acid to other important commodity chemicals, such as, poly L‐lactic acid, acrylic acid, 2, 3‐pentanedione, pyruvic acid, propanoic acid, 1, 2‐propanediol, acetaldehyde, ethyl lactate, using chemical or biological catalysts, and the economy analysis of conversions are depicted. The conversion would provide a new way for the solution of the present oil crisis.
Absence of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Explains Endotoxin Hyporesponsiveness in Human Intestinal Epithelium (2001)

Absence of TLR4 is associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness of intestinal epithelial cells. TLR4 is not directly involved in inflammation of the intestinal epithelium. Although TLR2 is normally present in the epithelial cell, it plays a limited role in inflammation. It may be activated during conditions in which bacterial cell wall concentrations within the intestine are pathologically high.
Intrathoracic neural tumours. (1978)

The experience of one regional thoracic surgical unit in managing intrathoracic neural tumours over a 25-year period is presented. Neural tumour was diagnosed in 55 patients, of whom 41 were asymptomatic. In 11 patients complete resection was not achieved--the reasons for this and its effect on the outcome of the patient are discussed. There were 52 posterior mediastinal and three lateral chest wall tumours. The pathological distribution was as follows--benign nerve sheath tumours (neurofibroma, neurilemoma) 39, ganglioneuroma 13, and neuroblastoma 3. One neurofibroma recurred as a neurosarcoma six years after its apparently complete resection and was removed by an extensive resection at reoperation. One neuroblastoma recurred within the spinal canal four years after incomplete excision at thoracotomy--this patient died subsequently of widespread metastatic neuroblastoma. No other tumour is known to have recurred.
Molecular and genetic analysis of liver oncogenesis in transforming growth factor alpha transgenic mice. (1992)

Overexpression of a transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) transgene induced the development of liver tumors in 69 of 93 (74%) adult male mice. To identify factors associated with oncogenesis, liver tumors from transgenic animals were characterized at the molecular level. TGF-alpha RNA transcripts were elevated in 17 of 25 (68%) liver tumors, relative to adjacent nontumorous tissue. Expression of the endogenous c-myc and insulin-like growth factor II genes was enhanced in 7 of 19 (37%) and 12 of 16 (75%) tumors, respectively. In contrast, epidermal growth factor receptor RNA levels were unchanged or reduced in all liver tumors, and mutations were not detected in either the Ha-ras or Ki-ras genes. The occurrence of liver tumors in castrated TGF-alpha transgenic mice was reduced about 7-fold, while in ovariectomized transgenic animals the incidence was increased about 6-fold. The progeny of a cross between CD1-derived TGF-alpha transgenic (MT42) and C57BL/6 mice exhibited no reduction in tumor burden (83%); however, the incidence of tumor formation in MT42 x FVB/N offspring was substantially lower (19%). We conclude that in these transgenic mice TGF-alpha promotes tumor formation and appears to play a major role in tumor progression. Moreover, other factors that may collaborate in TGF-alpha-induced hepatocarcinogenesis include c-myc, insulin-like growth factor II, sex hormones, and the genetic background upon which the transgene operates.
Separation of gases (1989)

Part 1 Sources and users of industrial gases: argon carbon dioxide carbon monoxide ethane ethylene helium hydrogen krypton, neon and xenon liquefied petroleum gases methane nitrogen oxygen. Part 2 Air-separation processes: the development of the air-separation industry small to medium capacity nitrogen generators large nitrogen generators oxygen plants complex air-separation units liquefiers and liquefaction principles. Part 3 Rare gas recovery: argon, krypton, neon and xenon recovery helium recovery and liquefaction. Part 4 Refinery off-gas processes: oil refineries refinery products hydrogen and fuel balances medium-purity hydrogen recovery processes LPG recovery from catalytic reformer off-gases ethane-ethylene recovery butanes and high molecular weight component recovery application of loss analysis C3 and heavier hydrocarbon recovery from refinery off-gases ethane and ethylene recovery. Part 5 Recovery of industrial gases from petrochemical and fertilizer plants: hydrogen recovery from petrochemical plant off-gases and from ammonia synthesis purge gas ammonia synthesis gas purification ethylene plants carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide purification hydrogen liquefaction. Part 6 Natural gas processing: LPG extraction de-nitrogenation and liquefaction of natural gas. Part 7 Pre-purification and synergistic processes: adsorption and absorption processes regenerators and reversing exchanger technology relief and disposal of cryogenic liquids synergies with non-cryogenic processes. Part 8 Plant hardware considerations: compressors expanders pumps heat exchangers distillation equipment storage sendout and bottling. Part 9 Design methods: equations of state evaluation of thermodynamic properties problems peculiar to cryogenics computer-aided process design.
A possible role of pre‐existing IgM/IgG antibodies in determining immune response type (1997)

On the basis of the data indicating the existence of two types of immuno‐protection, namely macrophage‐mediated and mast cell‐basophil‐mediated, it is argued that by reacting with potential pathogens, pre‐existing IgM and IgG antibodies (both natural and induced by environmental microflora) might promote involvement of macrophages in the presentation process, favouring the generation of pathogen‐specific T helper 1 (Th 1), hut not Th2, responses. Alternatively, the failure of these antibodies to effectively recognize pathogens might be associated with active involvement of pathogen‐specific B cells in presenting Ag and, as a consequence, with the predominant development of Th2. rather than Th 1, responses.
Effects of raw material source, ash content, and assay length on protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio values for animal protein meals (1997)

Experiments were conducted to determine the protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) of meat and bone meals containing 24 or 34% ash, poultry by-product meals containing 7 or 16% ash, lamb meals containing 15 or 24% ash, a lamb meal analog containing 19% ash (mixture of lamb meal and turkey meal), and two meat and bone meals processed at either a low or a high temperature. The PER values (weight gain per unit of protein intake) and NPR values (PER corrected for maintenance) were determined using a chick growth assay in which chicks were fed a N-free diet or 10% CP diets containing one of the animal meals as the only source of dietary protein for 6, 9, or 13 d. The PER of the lamb meal analog was greater (P < 0.05) than that of the other meals, and the PER values of the poultry by-product meals were generally greater than those for the lamb and meat and bone meals. The PER values for the lamb meals were higher than those for most of the meat and bone meals. The PER of the 34% ash meat and bone meal was lower (P < 0.05) than the PER of the 24% ash meat and bone meal (1.03 vs 1.63, respectively, at 9 d). Further experiments showed that the lower PER of the high ash meat and bone meal was not due to its high Ca and P content. Ash content had no significant effect on PER of the poultry by-product and lamb meals. The PER of the low-temperature meat and bone meal was higher (P < 0.05) than the PER of the high-temperature meat and bone meal. The relative differences in NPR values among the animal meals were similar to those observed for PER values. Decreasing the length of the assay from 13 to 6 d increased the PER and NPR of all meals but had little or no effect on the ranking of values among meals. The results of this study indicated that PER and NPR values of animal meals were influenced by raw material source, and that ash content and processing temperature affected the PER and NPR of meat and bone meal. The results also indicated that PER and NPR assays could be reduced to 6 d without reducing sensitivity.
Compression of Boolean inverted files by document ordering (2004)

Boolean queries are used to search a document collection for the documents that contain specific terms, independently of the frequency of a term in the document. To perform such queries, a search engine maintains an inverted file, which lists for each keyword the documents containing it. The size of such a file is comparable with that of the document collection, which is a considerable storage overhead. We show how the inverted file can be compressed by ordering the documents in the collection in a specific way. Finding the near-optimal order can be recast as a Hamming-distance traveling salesman problem.
Interpositional Transfer Function for 3D-Sound Generation* (2004)

The interpolation of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) for 3D-sound generation through headphones is addressed. HRTFs, which represent the paths between sound sources and the ears, are usually measured for a finite set of source locations around the listener. Any other virtual position requires interpolation procedures on these measurements. In this work a definition of the interpositional transfer function (IPTF) and an IPTF-based method for HRTF interpolation, recently proposed by the authors, are reviewed in detail. The formulation of the interpolation weights is generalized to cope with azimuth measurement steps which change with elevation. It is shown how to obtain a set of reduced-order IPTFs using tools such as balanced model reduction and spectral smoothing. Detailed comparisons between the accuracy and the efficiency of the IPTF-based and the bilinear interpolation methods (the latter using the HRTFs directly) are provided. A practical set of IPTFs is built and applied to a computationally efficient interpolation scheme, yielding results perceptually similar to those attainable by the bilinear method. Therefore the proposed method is promising for real-time generation of spatial sound.
Oridonin Ring A-Based Diverse Constructions of Enone Functionality: Identification of Novel Dienone Analogues Effective for Highly Aggressive Breast Cancer by Inducing Apoptosis (2013)

Oridonin (1) has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of its unique and safe anticancer pharmacological profile. Nevertheless, it exhibits moderate to poor effects against highly aggressive cancers including triple-negative and drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of novel dienone derivatives with an additional α,β-unsaturated ketone system diversely installed in the A-ring based on this class of natural scaffold that features dense functionalities and stereochemistry-rich frameworks. Efficient and regioselective enone construction strategies have been established. Meanwhile, a unique 3,7-rearrangement reaction was identified to furnish an unprecedented dienone scaffold. Intriguingly, these new analogues have been demonstrated to significantly induce apoptosis and inhibit colony formation with superior antitumor effects against aggressive and drug-resistant breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo while also exhibiting comparable or lower toxicity to normal human mammary epithelial cells in comparison with 1.
Direct Analysis and Identification of Triterpene Glycosides by LC/MS in Black Cohosh,<i>Cimicifuga racemosa</i>, and in Several Commercially Available Black Cohosh Products (2000)

A method to directly identify triterpene glycosides using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/(+)APCIMS) was developed. Based on the analysis of the molecular weight, fragment ions, selected ion chromatograms, a number of triterpene glycosides, including actein, 27-deoxyactein, cimicfugoside M, and cimicifugoside, from Cimicifuga racemosa were studied. A chromone, cimifugin, from C. foetida was also identified. Cimicifugoside M and cimifugin can specifically serve as indicators for species identification. The method can, therefore, be used to distinguish black cohosh products from among different plant species for quality control purposes.
Modeling and inverse problems in image analysis (2003)

Acknowledgments*List of Figures*Notation and Symbols*Introduction * I Spline Models*Non-parametric spline models * Parametric spline models * Auto-Associative Models * II Markov Models*Fundamental Aspects * Bayesian estimation * Simulation and optimization * Parameter Estimation *III Modeling in Action* Model-building * Degradation in Imaging * Detection of filamentary Entities * Reconstruction and Projections * Matching * References
A Pattern Reconfigurable Slot Antenna with Hybrid Feed (2010)

In this paper we investigate the design and operating principle of a pattern reconfigurable multi-mode slot antenna with a hybrid feed. The slot antenna is excited by an orthogonal arrangement of a co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed circular disc and a microstrip fed square patch. The design objective is to be able to change the direction of the main lobe by feeding the two orthogonal elements with different phases.
Incremental Genetic Perturbations to MCM2-7 Expression and Subcellular Distribution Reveal Exquisite Sensitivity of Mice to DNA Replication Stress (2010)

Mutations causing replication stress can lead to genomic instability (GIN). In vitro studies have shown that drastic depletion of the MCM2-7 DNA replication licensing factors, which form the replicative helicase, can cause GIN and cell proliferation defects that are exacerbated under conditions of replication stress. To explore the effects of incrementally attenuated replication licensing in whole animals, we generated and analyzed the phenotypes of mice that were hemizygous for Mcm2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 null alleles, combinations thereof, and also in conjunction with the hypomorphic Mcm4(Chaos3) cancer susceptibility allele. Mcm4(Chaos3/Chaos3) embryonic fibroblasts have ∼40% reduction in all MCM proteins, coincident with reduced Mcm2-7 mRNA. Further genetic reductions of Mcm2, 6, or 7 in this background caused various phenotypes including synthetic lethality, growth retardation, decreased cellular proliferation, GIN, and early onset cancer. Remarkably, heterozygosity for Mcm3 rescued many of these defects. Consistent with a role in MCM nuclear export possessed by the yeast Mcm3 ortholog, the phenotypic rescues correlated with increased chromatin-bound MCMs, and also higher levels of nuclear MCM2 during S phase. The genetic, molecular and phenotypic data demonstrate that relatively minor quantitative alterations of MCM expression, homeostasis or subcellular distribution can have diverse and serious consequences upon development and confer cancer susceptibility. The results support the notion that the normally high levels of MCMs in cells are needed not only for activating the basal set of replication origins, but also "backup" origins that are recruited in times of replication stress to ensure complete replication of the genome.
Characterization of the human proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP) gene promoter and identification of a repressor element (1998)

The 5'-flanking region of the human proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP) gene has been characterized for both promoter and repressor activity by using a variety of reporter gene constructs and transient transfection into chondrocytes or fibroblasts. The human PRELP gene lacks a TATA box, and in its absence a Sp1-binding site residing 29 bp upstream of the transcription start site is essential for initiating gene expression. In contrast, an Ets-binding site residing 497 bp upstream of the transcription start site can lead to the repression of gene expression. The analysis of nuclear proteins by gel retardation studies with the repressor element identified a common protein, presumably an Ets family member, present in neonatal chondrocytes and skin fibroblasts that do not express the PRELP gene. The factor was not detected in nuclear protein preparations from adult chondrocytes in which the PRELP gene is expressed.