gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selected References on Zoning in the United States (1931)

American Civic Association. Zoning as an element in city planning, and for protection of property values, public safety, and public health. Washington, The Association, 1920. (Series 2, no. 15, June 30, 1920.)
Integrated pin electronics for VLSI functional testers (1989)

A fully integrated approach is presented for building the pin electronics portion of a VLSI functional tester. The system implements the output vector timing and formatting functions, as well as the input sampling and comparison operations. A computer-controlled feedback loop is employed to obtain a timing accuracy of better than 1 ns. Novel circuit designs are shown which make the circuit suitable for fabrication in a high-density MOS technology. An experimental chip using these techniques was fabricated in 2- mu m CMOS technology and functioned at over 30 megavectors per second.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intracellular localization of actin in cultured fibroblasts by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. (1981)

Antibodies to skeletal muscle actin were produced in rabbits and purified by affinity chromatography. Direct labeling of SDS-PAGE gels of whole cell homogenates from mouse fibroblast cells showed that actin was the only protein detected by these antibodies. Using this immunospecific reagent, we localized actin in cultured fibroblasts using the EGS fixation-permeabilization procedure with the ferritin bridge labeling technique. Swiss 3T3-4 mouse fibroblasts were chosen as an example of highly adherent untransformed cells with prominent microfilament bundles, and L929 mouse fibroblasts were chosen as an example of poorly adherent, rounded, transformed cells with prominent microvilli. Using these two cell types, we have characterized the intracellular distribution of action. Actin was only detected in locations in which morphologically recognizable 60 A microfilaments were found. By both fluorescence and electron microscopy, actin was found in surface ruffles, microvilli, microfilament bundles, the microfilament mat, and the leading lamellae of Swiss 3T3 and L929 cells. In addition, actin was found surrounding micropinosomes and macropinosomes. On the other hand, there was no actin detected around the base of coated pits. Morphometric quantitation showed that almost all the actin was localized in microfilamentous structures. Our results suggest that actin has an important role in cell motility and adhesion, and in the endocytosis of pinosomes, but that actin may not be involved in intracellular processes such as saltatory motion of intracellular organelles.
Identification and quantification of the free sugars in cocoa beans (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification and quantification of the free sugars in cocoa beansGary A. Reineccius, David A. Andersen, Terrence E. Kavanagh, and Philip G. KeeneyCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1972, 20, 2, 199–202Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60180a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60180a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views500Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Caution regarding ambiguities in similar expressions of orientation relationships (2015)

The orientation relationship (OR) between two phases is an essential parameter to characterize microstructure in multiphase crystalline materials. Among the numerous ways to define an OR, the expression in terms of the parallelism between lattice planes and between directions from different phases, referred to as the { hkl }/〈 uvw 〉 expression, is the most commonly used. However, this expression scheme may be misleading because completely different ORs could be mistakenly regarded as equivalent ORs owing to the similarity of the expressions. In this article, the symmetries of the parallel elements were analyzed to clarify the conditions causing three cases. Namely, two similar expressions may describe two different ORs, two variants of a unique OR or exactly the same OR. This analysis helps not only to avoid ambiguities caused by the { hkl }/〈 uvw 〉 expression but also to specify how variants are defined with respect to a different matrix phase. Based on the result of the analysis, the expressions of variants for the Kurdjumow–Sachs and Nishiyama–Wassermann ORs between face-centred cubic and body-centred cubic systems for different matrix phases are provided. Examples are given together with stereographic projections to demonstrate different cases.
An Event-related Functional MRI Study of the Stroop Color Word Interference Task (2000)

In this study we have attempted to define the neural circuits differentially activated by cognitive interference. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify areas of the brain that are activated by the Stroop word-color task in two experiments. In the first experiment, we used infrequent, incongruent colored word stimuli to elicit strong Stroop interference (the 'conventional Stroop' paradigm). In the second experiment, we used infrequent, congruent colored words (the 'inverse Stroop' paradigm) to confirm that the regions identified in the first experiment were in fact specifically related to the Stroop effect and not to nonspecific oddball effects associated with the use of infrequent stimuli. Performance of the conventional Stroop specifically activated the anterior cingulate, insula, premotor and inferior frontal regions. These activated regions in the current experiment are consistent with those activated in fMRI experiments that use a more traditional block design. Finally, analysis of the time course of fMRI signal changes demonstrated differential onset and offset of signal changes in these activated regions. The time course results suggest that the action of various brain areas can be temporally dissociated.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEORY OF TRANSITION RADIATION (1957)

Transition and Cherenkov radiation arising when a charged particle moves in succession through two media differing in respect to dielectric and magnetic properties are considered. The cases when the particle enters the medium from vacuum or vacuum from the medium are discussed in detail. (tr-auth)
Heat Transfer in Rotating Passages With Smooth Walls and Radial Outward Flow (1989)

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of rotation on heat transfer in turbine blade internal coolant passages. The experiments were conducted with a smooth wall, large scale heat transfer model. The objective was to obtain the heat transfer data base required to develop heat transfer correlations and to assess computational fluid dynamic techniques for rotating coolant passages. An analysis of the governing equations showed that four parameters influence the heat transfer in rotating passages (coolant density ratio, Rossby number, Reynolds number and radius ratio). These four parameters were varied over ranges which exceed the ranges of current open literature results, but which are typical of current and advanced gas turbine engine operating conditions. Rotation affected the heat transfer coefficients differently for different locations in the coolant passage. For example, heat transfer at some locations increased with rotation, but decreased and then increased again at other locations. Heat transfer coefficients varied by as much as a factor of 5 between the leading and trailing surfaces for the same test condition and streamwise location. Comparisons with previous results are presented.
Ædelgran-gederamsrust - forudsigelse af angreb (2005)

Udgivelsesdato: Marts
Photorefractivity in a Novel Polymer Composite with High Diffraction Efficiency and Broad Optical Transparency (1997)

A novel photorefractive polymer composite has been developed in which a new organic dye, 4-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylamino]-4‘-[(6-hydroxyhexyl)sulfonyl]stilbene, is used as a second-order nonlinear optical chromophore together with poly(N-vinylcarbazole) as the hole-transporting matrix, tricresyl phosphate as a plasticizer, and C60 as a photosensitizer. The photoconductive, electro-optic, and photorefractive properties of the material have been experimentally studied at wavelengths of 488, 514.5, and 632.8 nm. The amplitude and the phase dependencies of the electro-optic response have been investigated. The composite shows high photorefractivity over a broad wavelength range. Diffraction efficiencies between 20% and 40% as well as net two-beam coupling gains of 25−65 cm-1 have been obtained at wavelengths of 488, 514.5, and 632.8 nm.
Stochastic Methods for Composite and Weakly Convex Optimization Problems (2018)

We consider minimization of stochastic functionals that are compositions of a (potentially) nonsmooth convex function $h$ and smooth function $c$ and, more generally, stochastic weakly convex functionals. We develop a family of stochastic methods---including a stochastic prox-linear algorithm and a stochastic (generalized) subgradient procedure---and prove that, under mild technical conditions, each converges to first order stationary points of the stochastic objective. We provide experiments further investigating our methods on nonsmooth phase retrieval problems; the experiments indicate the practical effectiveness of the procedures.
Oncolytic Seneca Valley Virus: past perspectives and future directions (2016)

Abstract: Seneca Valley Virus isolate 001 (SVV-001) is an oncolytic RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is also the first picornavirus discovered of the novel genus Senecavirus . SVV-001 replicates through an RNA intermediate, bypassing a DNA phase, and is unable to integrate into the host genome. SVV-001 was originally discovered as a contaminant in the cell culture of fetal retinoblasts and has since been identified as a potent oncolytic virus against tumors of neuroendocrine origin. SVV-001 has a number of features that make it an attractive oncolytic virus, namely, its ability to target and penetrate solid tumors via intravenous administration, inability for insertional mutagenesis, and being a self-replicating RNA virus with selective tropism for cancer cells. SVV-001 has been studied in both pediatric and adult early phase studies reporting safety and some clinical efficacy, albeit primarily in adult tumors. This review summarizes the current knowledge of SVV-001 and what its future as an oncolytic virus may hold. Keywords: oncolytic, virus, oncology, Seneca, valley
Clinical Application of PCR-Restriction Enzyme Pattern Analysis for Rapid Identification of Aerobic Actinomycete Isolates (1998)

The accuracy and practicality of PCR-restriction enzyme pattern analysis (PRA) for routine identification of aerobic actinomycete clinical isolates were evaluated for 299 cultures submitted to the Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory at the University of Texas Health Center at Tyler. PRA identification using an amplified 439-bp segment (amplicon) of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene was compared to identification by traditional methods, including growth characteristics, susceptibility patterns, biochemical testing, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Microbiological examination of six cultures ruled out aerobic actinomycetes, and they were omitted from the study. Amplicons were analyzed with BstEII, HaeIII, MspI, HinfI, and BsaHI. When necessary, AciI, HhaI, and NarI were also used. From March 1995 through May 1997 (27 months), 274 of the remaining 293 (93.5%) isolates were accurately identified by PRA. Major diagnostic groups included 170 mycobacteria, 93 nocardiae, and 30 other aerobic actinomycetes. Mixed cultures were readily recognized by PRA, including a wound culture that contained two Nocardia taxa that were indistinguishable morphologically. Mycobacterium mucogenicum was identified in three cultures heavily contaminated with gram-positive cocci. The 19 isolates that produced PRA patterns that did not match those in the current PRA database were differentiated into 8 Mycobacterium species and 11 other aerobic actinomycetes by the presence or absence of BstEII recognition sites. Identification of 15 of these 19 isolates was also equivocal by traditional methods. PRA results were reportable within 2 to 5 working days and were as accurate as and faster and less expensive to obtain than those of traditional methods.
Development of partial thickness articular cartilage injury in an ovine model (2006)

The purpose of this study was to create a controlled partial thickness cartilage lesion in a sheep model, and to provide a foundation to study the natural history of the progression of this lesion. Twenty-eight sheep divided into four groups (1, 12, 24, and 52 weeks, n=7/group) were used in this study. In one stifle, a mechanical tool was used to create a 200 microm partial thickness lesion (1.5x1.5 cm2) on the medial femoral condyle via arthroscopy. Joint fluid was drawn presurgery and after euthanasia for analysis of collage II 3/4 C (long) (C2C). After euthanasia, the condyle was analyzed by gross appearance, confocal laser microscopy (CLM) for cell viability, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) for surface roughness, Artscan for cartilage stiffness, and histology for cartilage morphology. The gross appearance of the treated area appeared rough, soft, and swollen compared to untreated control over time. CLM demonstrated that the depth of cell death increased to 590 microm at 52 weeks after surgery. SEM demonstrated that the treated area became more irregular over time. Stiffness of the treated area was significantly less than control by 12 weeks after surgery. Histologic analysis demonstrated that the 12, 24, and 52 week groups had significantly poorer histologic scores than the 1 week group. Joint fluid analysis demonstrated that the treatment group at 1 week had significant higher levels of C2C than the pretreatment baseline data. The results of this study demonstrated that partial thickness injury of cartilage continued to propagate and degenerate over time in this sheep model. Options for the prevention or treatment of this lesion may be tested using this model in the future.
Circulating Tumor Stem Cells as Biomarkers for Cancer Progression (2012)

The identification of a minor cellular subpopulation responsible for the initiation, maintenance and expansion of tumors (the cancer stem cells -CSCs-) meant a radical paradigm shift, but at the same time the selection of specific biomarkers may have extraordinary prognostic value. Recently, circulating epithelial cells (CTCs) have been identified in peripheral blood of solid tumor patients, demonstrating their prognostic value in metastatic breast cancer and positive predictive value for treatment response. This identification is based on epithelial cell markers in peripheral blood through immunocytochemistry technology or PCR, with a clear prognostic goal. Since CSCs are responsible for the initiation of new tumor lesions, we propose that a subpopulation of CTCs is the CSCs that will initiate metastasis. It is reasonable to speculate that a subpopulation of CTCs with stem cell features, such as self-renewal, multipotency, tumorigenicity and likely showing markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), may be the relevant players during metastasis. Further research into molecular characterization of CSC specific CTCs will create opportunities for novel therapeutic intervention, but at the same time facilitate the detection of clinically relevant CTCs. In this review, recent patents on CTC biomarkers are summarized. Keywords: Circulating tumor cells, Cytokeratin, EpCam, Her2, EMT, Prognosis, adhesion molecules, CSC associated biomarkers, Clinical trials, EGFR
Weed Response to Agronomic Practices and Herbicide Strategies in Grain Sorghum (2017)

Core Ideas High sorghum density and narrow row spacing reduce biomass of troublesome weeds. High spatial crop uniformity extends large crabgrass and sicklepod control over time. Optimized crop density and row width may limit the need for postemergence herbicide in sorghum. Sicklepod [ Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby] and large crabgrass ( Digitaria sanguinalis L.) are ranked among the top 10 most common or troublesome weeds in grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the southeastern United States. Field studies conducted in North Carolina from 2012 to 2014 investigated the effects of three row widths, four sorghum populations, and three herbicide programs on weed control, density, biomass, and grain yield. Results indicated that 19‐ and 38‐cm rows provided greater sicklepod control 7 and 10 wk after planting (WAP) compared to 76 cm but had no effect on crabgrass control. Under weed‐controlled conditions, sorghum population ≥297,000 plants ha −1 allowed to maintain higher late‐season sicklepod and crabgrass control as compared to lower crop densities. In the weedy control, row spacing had no effect on weed density and biomass, whereas crop population ≥297,000 plants ha −1 reduced sicklepod density and biomass by 38 and 65%, respectively, compared to 99,000 plants ha −1 . Effect on crabgrass was less pronounced with density and biomass reduction by 18 and 45%, respectively, for 396,000 plants ha −1 compared to 99,000 plants ha −1 . In the absence of water stress, the highest grain yields were obtained with high spatial uniformity, corresponding to 19‐cm rows and sorghum population ≥297,000 sorghum plants ha −1 . Our results indicate that increased sorghum density associated with narrow rows may reduce the need for a postemergence (POST) herbicide but underscore the importance of a timely activated preemergence (PRE) treatment to efficiently control sicklepod and crabgrass.
Identification and characterization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing a galactose-binding domain of the toxin ricin. (1987)

A monoclonal antibody raised against purified ricin B chain, 75/3B12, blocked ricin toxicity 30- to 100-fold in vitro. The 75/3B12 IgG and F(ab')2 blocked ricin binding to cell surface galactose-containing receptors. The 75/3B12 Fab bound ricin D with a Ka of 10(7) M-1, and this binding was blocked by asialofetuin, lactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine--molecules which interact with the ricin galactose-binding site--but not by fetuin, sucrose, or glucose. The 75/3B12 Fab contained no detectable carbohydrate and, according to several lines of evidence, did not bind ricin via Ig carbohydrate determinants. The monoclonal antibody appears to recognize a galactose-binding site on ricin D via the variable region of the antibody. The 75/3B12 Fab bound ricin E only 1/50 as well as ricin D and bound the Ricinus agglutinin only 1/80 as well as ricin D. The antibody specificity indicates that structural differences exist in the galactose-binding sites of the Ricinus communis lectins. Abrin and other lectins which bind galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine were not significantly bound by the monoclonal antibody. In vitro, the antibody blocked the nontarget toxicity of immunotoxins similarly to lactose. However, in vivo, unlike lactose, the 75/3B12 antibody protected mice from ricin toxicity.
Amplitude Modulation Suppression in FM Systems (1958)

Inadequacies of some limiter concepts are discussed and a limiter analysis in terms of low-index modulation theory is presented. The analysis of a particular circuit proves the possibility of perfect amplitude modulation suppression with small loss to the frequency modulated signal. Experimental data are presented which verify the theory and demonstrate the practicability of the device analyzed.
Quiescent current monitoring to improve the reliability of electronic systems in space radiation environments (2002)

This paper presents a study of the behavior of a built-in current sensor (BICS) to be used for online concurrent error detection in circuits working in radiation-exposed environments. BIC sensors are used to monitor the power-bus static current of these circuits to detect excessive current consumption. This excessive static current consumption is compared to a predefined reference value in order to detect radiation-induced multiple parametric failures and system power supply breakdown. BIC sensors can also be affected by these faults and the reliability of the system can be lost. However, we show that the proposed current sensor is strongly code disjoint (SCD) with respect to the above faults and the system reliability is guaranteed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anthrax Protective Antigen Retargeted with Single‐Chain Variable Fragments Delivers Enzymes to Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2020)

The nontoxic, anthrax protective antigen/lethal factor N-terminal domain (PA/LF<sub>N</sub> ) complex is an effective platform for translocating proteins into the cytosol of cells. Mutant PA (mPA) was recently fused to epidermal growth factor (EGF) to retarget delivery of LF<sub>N</sub> to cells bearing EGF receptors (EGFR), but the requirement for a known cognate ligand limits the applicability of this approach. Here, we render practical protective antigen retargeting to a variety of receptors with mPA single-chain variable fragment (scFv) fusion constructs. Our design enables the targeting of two pancreatic cancer-relevant receptors, EGFR and carcinoembryonic antigen. We demonstrate that fusion to scFvs does not disturb the basic functions of mPA. Moreover, mPA-scFv fusions enable cell-specific delivery of diphtheria toxin catalytic domain and Ras/Rap1-specific endopeptidase to pancreatic cancer cells. Importantly, mPA-scFv fusion-based treatments display potent cell-specific toxicity in vitro, opening fundamentally new routes toward engineered immunotoxins and providing a potential solution to the challenge of targeted protein delivery to the cytosol of cancer cells.
When Precedent Wears Thin: The Missouri Supreme Court Clarifies an Issue of Ambiguity Affecting the Arbitrability of Wrongful Death Claims (2009)

The issue before the Missouri Supreme Court in Lawrence H was whether an arbitration agreement signed on behalf of a nursing home resident is binding on plaintiffs in a wrongful death action against the nursing home. Beverly Manor argued that the court's decision in Burns "undercut" the cases holding that a wrongful death claim is a new and independent cause of action. However, the court disagreed that the Burns decision overturned such precedent. The court admitted that the language of Burns may seem to create ambiguity about whether wrongful death is a derivative claim but clarified that the Burns holding is limited to the issue of venue. On January 13, 2009, the Missouri Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the circuit court, holding that a wrongful death cause of action is a new and independent claim rather than a derivative claim, though, in accordance with Burns, a wrongful death claim is treated differently for venue purposes.