gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embedded reconfigurable logic for ASIC design obfuscation against supply chain attacks (2014)

Hardware is the foundation and the root of trust of any security system. However, in today's global IC industry, an IP provider, an IC design house, a CAD company, or a foundry may subvert a VLSI system with back doors or logic bombs. Such a supply chain adversary's capability is rooted in his knowledge on the hardware design. Successful hardware design obfuscation would severely limit a supply chain adversary's capability if not preventing all supply chain attacks. However, not all designs are obfuscatable in traditional technologies. We propose to achieve ASIC design obfuscation based on embedded reconfigurable logic which is determined by the end user and unknown to any party in the supply chain. Combined with other security techniques, embedded reconfigurable logic can provide the root of ASIC design obfuscation, data confidentiality and tamper-proofness. As a case study, we evaluate hardware-based code injection attacks and reconfiguration-based instruction set obfuscation based on an open source SPARC processor LEON2. We prevent program monitor Trojan attacks and increase the area of a minimum code injection Trojan with a 1KB ROM by 2.38% for every 1% area increase of the LEON2 processor.
Effect of epoxy exposure on the electronic properties of graphene (2016)

The effect of epoxy exposure and its curing agent (trimethyl-1, 6-hexanediamine), widely used for the biocompatible packaging of graphene-based devices, on the electrical characteristics of a graphene field effect transistor is investigated in this work. Upon 5 min of the epoxy curing agent exposure, the Dirac point shifted from 60 to 13 V, while for 15 min of the epoxy curing agent exposure, the Dirac point changed more than 130 V, from 63 to −68 V, completely changing the doping of graphene from strong p-type to strong n-type due to the electron donating nature of the adsorbed molecules. Additionally, due to exposure, the hole mobility was found to reduce from 1243 to 401 cm2 V−1 s−1, indicating the strong impact of ionized impurity scattering. The temperature-dependent Hall measurement of single layer graphene before and after the epoxy curing agent exposure also exhibited a change in the dominant scattering mechanism from surface optical phonon scattering to Coulomb scattering near room temperature due to epoxy exposure. Reduction of initial p-type doping in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene after epoxy exposure is also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. We found that the Dirac point recovered very slowly upon storage of the epoxy (or curing agent) exposed devices, changing by only ~11 V after 4 months without significant change in carrier mobility.
Dynamics of surface anchoring breaking in a nematic liquid crystal (1992)

Abstract We present a simple dynamical model which describes the time dependence of the threshold electric field for breaking the surface anchoring of nematics. This model includes a surface friction, resulting from volume hydrodynamic dissipation. Experimental data with AC and DC pulsed fields are explained by this model. For DC, the threshold difference versus the field polarity is well-described by the flexo-electric effects in a uniform field for short times and in a non-uniform field for long times.
Characterization of Carbon/Nitroazobenzene/Titanium Molecular Electronic Junctions with Photoelectron and Raman Spectroscopy (2004)

Molecular junctions consisting of nitroazobenzene (NAB) chemisorbed to a substrate of pyrolyzed photoresist film (PPF) and a top contact of vapor-deposited titanium were examined with Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thickness of the NAB layer varied from submonolayer to 4.5 nm, and a thin (1-3 nm) overlayer of Ti was deposited by electron beam deposition. Without Ti, the NAB surface Raman spectrum was sufficiently strong to observe previously unreported modes in the 500-1000-cm(-1) region, and the 1000-1700-cm(-1) region was sufficiently strong to observe the effects of metal deposition. Upon Ti deposition, the intensities of NAB modes associated with the nitro group decreased significantly, and the XPS indicated formation of a Ti-N bond. For the thicker NAB layers (1.9 and 4.5 nm), the intensities of the NO(2) Raman modes partially recovered over a several-day period, but they remain depressed or absent in the submonolayer sample. The results indicate a reaction between condensing Ti atoms and the terminal NO(2) group, probably to form a Ti-nitroso linkage between NAB and Ti. The result is a molecular junction with covalent bonding at both ends in the form of a C-C bond between PPF and NAB and a Ti-N bond to the top contact. The structural implications of the current results are interpreted in the context of recently reported functioning PPF/NAB/Ti molecular electronic junctions. In particular, the reaction between Ti and the nitro group appears to prevent short circuits resulting from incursion of Ti into the NAB layer.
电子政务应“抓住”SaaS趋势 (2006)

2003至2004年，全球在SaaS（软件即服务）上的支出增长了39％，Netcraft预测，未来12个月内的活动站点增长率将达到28％，Web服务增长率将达到19％；IDC预测，2009年，全球在SaaS上的支出将达到107亿美元；Gartner预测，到2009年，美国托管收入将增长13％——这些都表明，SaaS的应用前景确实美好．
Osteopontin expression in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. (1997)

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoprotein that binds to cells via an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence and to mineralized surfaces. The protein can mediate cell adhesion and is strongly implicated in transformation and tumorigenesis. We have examined the expression pattern of OPN in mouse mammary glands at different stages of postnatal development. Whereas OPN is expressed at low-to-moderate levels in mammary glands from virgin and pregnant mice, the levels of OPN mRNA are extremely high in the lactating gland, consistent with the presence of the protein in milk. Expression is highest at 2 days of lactation and declines thereafter, but it remains high through involution. OPN expression is restricted to small nests or groups of cells at 9 days of involution. These results suggest that OPN may play a specific role in the process of involution that may be distinct from its role during lactation. In mammary tumors arising spontaneously in transgenic mice expressing the oncogenes c-myc and/or v-Ha-ras under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter, the level of OPN expression is increased dramatically over that in the normal gland in these same animals. Numerous cells expressing OPN mRNA are widespread throughout the tumors. OPN protein is detectable by Western blotting in extracts from the mammary gland at 2 days of lactation and from the tumors, but not in mammary glands at other stages of development. We hypothesize that OPN is exported from most tissues and that the protein is only detectable in tissues elaborating fluids, such as the lactating mammary gland, or in pathological situations when expression of OPN is abnormally high, such as in tumors.
Query optimization in multidatabase systems (2024)

A multidatabase system (MDBS) integrates information from autonomous local databases managed by heterogeneous database management systems (DBMS) in a distributed environment. For a query involving more than one database, global query optimization should be performed to achieve good overall system performance. The significant differences between an MDBS and a traditional distributed database system (DDBS) make query optimization in the former more challenging than in the latter. Challenges for query optimization in an MDBS are discussed in this paper. A two-phase optimization approach for processing a query in an MDBS is proposed. Several global query optimization techniques suitable for an MDBS, such as semantic query optimization, query optimization via probing queries, parametric query optimization and adaptive query optimization, are suggested. The architecture of a global query optimizer incorporating these techniques is designed.
Chromatographic and non‐chromatographic characterization of poly‐α‐olefins (2007)

Abstract Both chromatographic and non‐chromatographic techniques were used in the characterization and identification of poly‐α‐olefins. Synthetic base oils, although produced from the same raw material, exhibit different physico‐chemical properties. Their mutual miscibility and behaviour in final engine oils may be predicted from data collected through classical physico‐chemical analysis, simulated distillation chromatography as well as inverse gas chromatography. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Machine Translation for home and business users (1995)

Abstract: Based on the long-standing experience with the project Logic-Programm-ing based Machine Translation (LMT), IBM and the publisher von Rheinbaben &amp; Busch have developed Personal Translator®, a machine translation system which is geared toward the needs of home and business users. From the point of view of technology, the challenge has been to make most of the functionality available to general users which was originally developed in a research environment and with professional users in mind. It will be explained how the market of MT for home and business users was perceived and what features were deemed necessary for such a system. The technology of LMT which in its core parts originates from M. McCord (IBM Research) will be outlined. It will then be shown how general users can be enabled to tailor a system such as Personal Translator to their needs, in particular how they can modify the vocabulary. A discussion of translation quality and its parameters will follow. Finally, an outlook will be given of what can be expected in future MT systems.
Water Diffusivity of Dielectric Films Evaluated with Use of D<sub>2</sub>O (1994)

Diffusion coefficients of D 2 O in dielectric films are studied through the analysis of deuterium depth profiles by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The films investigated are atmospheric chemical vapor deposition (CVD) SiO 2 (LTO), borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG), plasma-CVD SiO 2 , tetra-ethoxy-silicate (TEOS)-based plasma-enhanced CVD SiO 2 (P-TEOS), O 3 - and TEOS-based SiO 2 ( O 3 -TEOS), and organic spin-on glass (SOG) films. The diffusion coefficient of D 2 O in the plasma-CVD SiO 2 film is less than one-fifth those in the other films.
Filling Carbon Nanotubes with Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub> Nanowires through in Situ Catalyst Transition and Extrusion (2008)

We describe the synthesis of novel Co9S8-nanowire-filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by a simple method involving the pyrolysis of thiophene on cobalt catalyst in a conventional chemical vapor decomposition system. The encapsulated Co9S8 nanowires are single-crystalline, and their lengths are about 10 μm with their [110] direction parallel to the axis of the CNTs. Detailed investigation suggests that the filling of the Co9S8 nanowires results from the volume increase induced by a phase transition from cobalt to cobalt sulfide together with the in situ extruding action of CNTs as nanomolds. A new filling mechanism is thus found and proposed.
Secret Share Dissemination across a Network (2012)

Secret sharing is an important component of several cryptographic protocols. These include protocols for secure multiparty function computation, key management, and secure archival storage. Most protocols assume that the dealer has direct communication links with every participant, in which case, the dealer can directly communicate the respective shares to all participants. In this paper, we consider the problem of disseminating shares of a secret when the dealer and the participants form a general network. We provide an algorithm for secret share dissemination that is communication-efficient, distributed and deterministic. Interestingly, the solution constitutes an instance of a network coding problem admitting a distributed and deterministic solution, and furthermore, handles the case of nodal-eavesdropping, about which very little appears to be known in the literature.
MOPA pulsed fiber laser with controlled peak power and pulse energy for micromachining of hard materials (2009)

A high brightness 1064nm MOPA pulsed fiber laser with controlled pulse width, peak power, and pulse energy is used to investigate the effects of changing the peak power and pulse width on the ablation process. Pulses of 10ns to 250ns are applied, with peak powers up to 10kW while maintaining average power. This corresponds to over 3 GW/cm2 fluence levels. The materials used in these experiments are mono and polycrystalline silicon, and aluminum coated silicon. Experimental results indicate that the material removal rates of a short pulse with high peak power is small, and that the material ablation benefits from a leading peak pulse shape at longer pulses of 100 to 150ns. These longer pulses accelerate the material removal by first heating and subsequently melting the substrate material. Material removal rate of about 13µm per scribe, single-pass, is obtained on mono silicon for 10W incident beam, 1m/s scan speed, 100 kHz rep rate and 20 µm spot size with 50% spot overlap. Percussion drilled holes are also demonstrated for 200 µm thick polycrystalline silicon wafer. Through holes are drilled in 1msec using pulses of &gt;50ns. Entry and exit diameters are typically 30 and 20µm, respectively.
On the Quantitative Estimation of Prothrombin (1945)

On the Quantitative Estimation of Prothrombin. Get access Armand J. Quick Armand J. Quick From the Department of Biochemistry, Marquette University School of Medicine, Milwaukee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 15, Issue 12, 1 December 1945, Pages 560–566, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/15.12.560 Published: 01 December 1945
THE FLOCCULATION OF WORT AFTER COOLING (1950)

Two new factors affecting the flocculation or “break” of wort after cooling have been observed. The first and major factor is mutual flocculation of oppositely charged colloids under suitable physical conditions, most of which are already known. The second factor, one of the necessary physical conditions, is the “critical surface exposure,” or surface to volume ratio. The theory is put forward that variation in the amount of the negatively charged colloid, Fraction O, present in the wort, accounts for most of the anomalies observed.
Analysis of Phenotypic and Genotypic Coefficient of Variance, Heritability and Genetic Advance Estimates in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2018)

The present investigation was conducted to estimate the genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV). It was revealed that PCV was higher than GCV. This result indicated less effect of environment on the expression of character studies. High amount of genotypic and phenotypic variation was observed for the characters such as biological yield per plant, Harvest index, number of grain per ear and productive tillers per plant suggesting the presence of large amount of variability. The characters namely, number of grains per ear, 100-grain weight, and number of spikelets per spike showed high amount of heritability. The high amount of heritability indicated that these characters were less influenced by the environment. The characters such as number of grains per ear, 100-grain weight and productive tillers per plant showed both high heritability as well as high genetic advance could be improved through either pure line selection or simple mass selection. Biological yield per plant and number of grain per ear had high GCV, heritability and genetic advance. This indicated that these characters were governed by additive gene effect and can be improved through selection effectively. Keywords: phytochemicals, genetic variance, Triticum aestivum Cite this Article Singh SK, Singh D. Analysis of Phenotypic and Genotypic Coefficient of Variance, Heritability and Genetic Advance Estimates in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) . Research & Reviews: Journal of Crop Science and Technology . 2017; 6(3): 10–14p.
Strengthening Schedules Through Uncertainty Analysis (2018)

In this paper, we describe an approach to scheduling under uncertainty that achieves scalability through a coupling of deterministic and probabilistic reasoning. Our specific focus is a class of oversubscribed scheduling problems where the goal is to maximize the reward earned by a team of agents in a distributed execution environment. There is uncertainty in both the duration and outcomes of executed activities. To ensure scalability, our solution approach takes as its starting point an initial deterministic schedule for the agents, computed using expected duration reasoning. This initial agent schedule is probabilistically analyzed to find likely points of failure, and then selectively strengthened based on this analysis. For each scheduled activity, the probability of failing and the impact that failure would have on the schedule's overall reward are calculated and used to focus schedule strengthening actions. Such actions generally entail fundamental trade-offs; for example, modifications that increase the certainty that a high-reward activity succeeds may decrease the schedule slack available to accommodate uncertainty during execution. We describe a principled approach to handling these trade-offs based on the schedule's "expected reward," using it as a metric to ensure that all schedule modifications are ultimately beneficial. Finally, we present experimental results obtained using a multi-agent simulation environment, which confirm that executing schedules strengthened in this way result in significantly higher rewards than are achieved by executing the corresponding initial schedules.
Stereospecificity of 6'-C-Neplanocin A Analogues as Inhibitors of S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Activity and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication (1998)

The R- and S-isomers of 6'-C-neplanocin A analogues, which are all known as inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase, were studied for their inhibitory effects on Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and HIV-1 Tat-mediated transactivation. The R-isomers showed much greater activity against AdoHcy hydrolase than the S-isomers. The same differential activity was observed against the HIV-1 replication and the Tat transactivation.
Spectral, Energy, and Economic Efficiency of 5G Multicell Massive MIMO Systems With Generalized Spatial Modulation (2016)

This paper studies generalized spatial modulation (Gen-SM) schemes in multicell multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems as a promising high-throughput and energy-efficient technique for fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. A detection algorithm for such systems is proposed based on linear processing techniques. By applying the concept of order statistics, a general framework for approximating the achievable sum rates with linear detection is also given. The probability of detecting antenna combinations is analyzed and is used to approximate the sum-rate performance with practical channel conditions, such as antenna correlation, imperfect channel information, and pilot contamination. The fundamental trade-off between spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) is also investigated. Despite offering less SE, spatial modulation (SM) with a single active antenna per user is shown to be the most energy-efficient transmission mode among the Gen-SM class. Within the operating range of SM (i.e., in the low-to-moderate SE regime), SM is demonstrated to achieve better EE compared with conventional massive MIMO schemes. The performance in terms of economic efficiency, indicating economic profitability (in monetary unit per second), is also analyzed and is shown to serve as a complementary performance metric, enabling an implicit trade-off between SE and EE.
A comparison of CABAC throughput for HEVC/H.265 VS. AVC/H.264 (2013)

The CABAC entropy coding engine is a well known throughput bottleneck in the AVC/H.264 video codec. It was redesigned to achieve higher throughput for the latest video coding standard HEVC/H.265. Various improvements were made including reduction in context coded bins, reduction in total bins and grouping of bypass bins. This paper discusses and quantifies the impact of these techniques and introduces a new metric called Bjontegaard delta cycles (BD-cycle) to compare the CABAC throughput of HEVC vs. AVC. BD-cycle uses the Bjontegaard delta measurement method to compute the average difference between the cycles vs. bit-rate curves of HEVC and AVC. This metric is useful for estimating the throughput of an HEVC CABAC engine from an existing AVC CABAC design for a given bit-rate. Under the common conditions set by the JCT-VC standardization body, HEVC CABAC has an average BD-cycle reduction of 31.1% for all intra, 24.3% for low delay, and 25.9% for random ac-cess, when processing up to 8 bypass bins per cycle.
Overview: Mediating Democracy (2001)

Democracy and democratic governance represent the highest ideal of Anglo-European modernism. Evolving through various theoretical and institutional incarnations during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, “democracy” has become a central contingency of the modern state. And yet, if we are to believe Jurgen Habermas, both modernism and democracy remain incomplete projects. Democracy has not succeeded in its broader promise to resolve modernity’s underlying tensions and this is most clearly evidenced in the limited character of democracy’s articulations through cultural and social institutions. It has not provided for us that consensual public sphere in which our collective and individual interests, freedom and diversity can be assured.
A synchro-caster drive system for holonomic and omnidirectional mobile robots (2002)

A holonomic and omnidirectional vehicle based on a new type of wheel drive system is presented in this paper Multiple drive-casters are mounted on a drive unit where wheel axes and steering axes are mechanically coupled by transmissions respectively and driven and oriented by respective common motors. Omnidirectional translational motion of the vehicle is controlled by the motors driving and orienting the drive-casters. This drive train is similar to a conventional synchronous drive system with two motors for nonholonomic mobile robots, called "synchrodrive". However, proposed system needs the third motor for orienting a vehicle frame relating to the drive unit. Thus 3 DOF of the vehicle can be controlled by three motors, then the vehicle has no over constraint. First the concept of the original caster-drive is mentioned briefly, followed by the kinematics and statics analysis of the new drive mechanism. All wheel driving with individual suspensions, decoupled control without over constraint would be achieved with the proposed synchro-caster drive system.
A 100-MHz 100-dB operational amplifier with multipath nested Miller compensation structure (1992)

A 100-MHz bipolar operational amplifier has a gain of 100 dB. The op amp owes its high unity-gain bandwidth and high gain to an all-n-p-n signal path and multipath nested Miller compensation (MNMC). The phase margin with a 100-pF load is 40 degrees at 100 MHz and the amplifier settles in 60 ns to 0.1% on a 1-V step. For comparison, a similar op amp without the multipath technique has been realized. The unity-gain bandwidth of this nested Miller compensation (NMC) op amp is 60 MHz and the settling time is 70 ns. Theory and measurements confirm that the multipath technique almost doubles the bandwidth of nested Miller compensated amplifiers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>