gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examination of nuclear receptor expression in osteoblasts reveals rorβ as an important regulator of osteogenesis (2011)

A complex network of transcription factors contributes to the establishment and maintenance of the osteoblastic phenotype. Although relatively few transcription factors, such as Runx2 and osterix, are essential to the process of osteoblastic differentiation, others serve the purpose of fine-tuning in response to various environmental and hormonal cues. The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors are involved in numerous aspects of bone biology. In this study, we characterized the expression pattern of the entire NR superfamily in differentiating primary murine calvarial cells in order to identify novel NR regulatory patterns. Dynamic patterns of NR expression were observed throughout the differentiation process. Interestingly, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor β (Rorβ) expression was markedly suppressed at later stages of differentiation. To gain further insight into the function of NRs in bone biology, the NR superfamily was also profiled in mouse bone marrow precursor cells isolated from either young (6-month) or aging, osteoporotic (18-22-month) mice. Of interest, Rorβ was potently overexpressed in the aged cohort. Collectively, these data provided evidence that Rorβ expression is inversely correlated with osteogenic potential, suggesting Rorβ may be an important and unexplored regulator of osteogenesis. To validate this hypothesis, a cell model stably expressing Rorβ in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was produced (MC3T3-Rorβ). These cells displayed markedly suppressed bone nodule formation as well as reduced osteocalcin and osterix gene expression. Because these genes are Runx2 targets, we reasoned that Rorβ may interfere with Runx2 activity. Consistent with this, transient transfection analysis demonstrated that Rorβ inhibited Runx2-dependent activation of a Runx2-reporter construct. In summary, our data provide a comprehensive profile of NR expression during osteoblast differentiation and identify Rorβ as a novel regulator of osteogenesis and potentially of age-related bone loss through antagonism of Runx2 activity.
FAWNdamentally Power-Efficient Clusters (2018)

As a power-efficient alternative for data-intensive computing, we propose a cluster architecture called a Fast Array of Wimpy Nodes, or FAWN. A FAWN consists of a large number of slower but efficient nodes that each draw only a few watts of power, coupled with low-power storage—our prototype FAWN nodes are built from 500MHz embedded devices with CompactFlash storage that are typically used as wireless routers, Internet gateways, or thin clients. Through our preliminary evaluation, we demonstrate that a FAWN can be up to six times more efficient than traditional systems with Flash storage in terms of queries per joule for seek-bound applications and between two to eight times more efficient for I/O throughput-bound applications
A state-of-the-art survey on software merging (2002)

Software merging is an essential aspect of the maintenance and evolution of large-scale software systems. This paper provides a comprehensive survey and analysis of available merge approaches. Over the years, a wide variety of different merge techniques has been proposed. While initial techniques were purely based on textual merging, more powerful approaches also take the syntax and semantics of the software into account. There is a tendency towards operation-based merging because of its increased expressiveness. Another tendency is to try to define merge techniques that are as general, accurate, scalable, and customizable as possible, so that they can be used in any phase in the software life-cycle and detect as many conflicts as possible. After comparing the possible merge techniques, we suggest a number of important open problems and future research directions.
3-Aminopyrrolidines from α-Aminoacids:  Total Synthesis of (+)-Nemonapride from <scp>d</scp>-Alanine (2008)

The antipsychotic compound nemonapride 1 was synthesized in nine steps from d-alanine 2. The key steps for the synthesis of the 3-aminopyrrolidine moiety include a Birch reduction of a cyclic enaminoester and the reduction of a pyrrolidinone to the pyrrolidine 7. Final coupling with the benzoic acid derivative 9 gave 1 as a single enantio- and diastereomer.
Hunger and satiety modify the responses of olfactory and visual neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex (1996)

1. The primate orbitofrontal cortex is the site of convergence of information from primary taste and primary olfactory cortical regions. In addition, it receives projections from temporal lobe visual areas concerned with the representation of objects such as foods. Previous work has shown that the responses of gustatory neurons in the secondary taste area within the orbitofrontal cortex are modulated by hunger and satiety, in that they stop responding to the taste of a food on which an animal has been fed to behavioral satiation, yet may continue to respond to the taste of other foods. 2. This study demonstrates a similar modulation of the responses of olfactory and visual orbitofrontal cortex neurons after feeding to satiety. Seven of nine olfactory neurons that were responsive to the odors of foods, such as blackcurrant juice, were found to decrease their responses to the odor of the satiating food in a selective and statistically significant manner. 3. It also was found for eight of nine neurons that had selective responses to the sight of food, that they demonstrated a sensory-specific reduction in their visual responses to foods after satiation. 4. The responses of orbitofrontal cortex neurons selective for foods in more than one modality also were analyzed before and after feeding to satiation. Satiety often affected the responses of these multimodal neurons across all modalities, but a sensory-specific effect was not always demonstrable for both modalities. 5. These findings show that the olfactory and visual representations of food, as well as the taste representation of food, in the primate orbitofrontal cortex are modulated by hunger. Usually a component related to sensory-specific satiety can be demonstrated. The findings link at least part of the processing of olfactory and visual information in this brain region to the control of feeding-related behavior.
Assessment of true worst case circuit performance under interconnect parameter variations (2002)

The complicated manufacturing processes dictate that process variations are unavoidable in today's VLSI products. Unlike device variations, which can be captured by worst/best case corner points, the effects of interconnect variations are context-dependent, which makes it difficult to capture the true worst-case timing performance. This paper discusses an efficient method to explore the extreme values of performance metrics and the specific parameters that will create these extreme performances. The described approach is based on a iterative search technique which facilitates its proper search direction by calculating an explicit analytical approximation model.
Studies on Epoxy Compounds (1963)

エピクロルヒドリンと, 酢酸・n-ブタノールおよびジシクロヘキシルアミンとの反応速度を種々の温度で求め, この反応の活性化エネルギーとエントロピーを求めた。反応生成物の分析と動力学的に求めた反応次数, および“Modified SN2”反応として推定されるエポキサイドの加水分解反応の活性化エントロピーと, この反応の活性化エントロピーとがかなり良く近似していることなどからエピクロルヒドリンと酢酸および酸触媒によるn-ブタノールとの反応は, さきにエポキサイドの酸触媒加水分解反応に対してP. E. Parker, N. S. Issacsが提唱した“Modified SN2”反応と同様の機構で進み, ジシクロヘキシルアミンとの反応は, N. B. Chapmanらが, 他のエポキサイドとアミンとの反応で示したSN2機構によって進行するものと推定した。
The role of sex and weight on rituximab clearance and serum elimination half-life in elderly patients with DLBCL (2012)

Pharmacokinetics of 8 doses of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)) given in combination with 2-week cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone/prednisolone (CHOP-14) was determined by ELISA in 20 elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) 10 minutes before and after each infusion and 1 week and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 months after the last infusion. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was performed with nonlinear mixed-effect modeling software (NONMEM VI). Concentration-time data were fitted into an open 2-compartment model and total clearance, central compartment volume, intercompartment clearance, and volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd(ss)) were investigated. Total clearance was 9.43 mL/h and Vd(ss) was 9.61 l. Rituximab clearance was reduced (8.21 mL/h vs 12.68 mL/h; P = .003) and elimination half-life was prolonged in women compared with men (t(1/2β) = 30.7 vs 24.7 days; P = .003). Body weight also affected Vd(ss) (0.1 l increase of Vd(ss) per kilogram above median of 75 kg). A sex-dependent effect and the higher weight of males contribute to their faster rituximab clearance, which might explain why elderly males benefit less from the addition of rituximab to CHOP than females. This trial was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov as numbers NCT00052936, EU-20243 (RICOVER-60 Trial), EU-20534, and NCT00726700 (Pegfilgrastim Trial).
A −76dBm 7.4nW wakeup radio with automatic offset compensation (2018)

Event-driven sensor nodes have applications in agriculture, infrastructure, and perimeter monitoring and are characterized by spending the vast majority of their time in an asleep-yet-alert state. In this state, the node must wake to incoming RF wakeup commands from an antenna with minimal dc power, as the total percentage of power in sleep mode dominates if wakeup events are sufficiently infrequent. The RF wakeup receiver (WuRX) is one critical block of the node's asleep-yet-alert state. It must maximize sensitivity with power consumptions of 10nW or less to maximize battery lifetime or even enable battery-less systems that persist on energy harvesting [1-3]. These WuRXs must reliably detect wakeup signals as well as reject false wakeups caused by external interferer signals or noise. Otherwise, booting the full node into its active state when it is not needed can quickly relinquish power savings created by the wakeup radio in its asleep-yet-alert state.
Back-Gate Controlled Wide Tunable Range Diode Voltage in Asymmetrical Double-Gate Devices (2006)

An area-efficient wide tunable range diode voltage technique was proposed using back-gate controlled asymmetrical DG device. Examples for power gating in latches and SRAMs, and dynamic supply for SRAM read/write, were discussed and validated by mix-mode simulations. Due to the wide range of achievable supply voltage in the proposed scheme, it can be used in VLSI logic/SRAM applications including dynamic VDD for logic, voltage islands, power gating, separate VDD for logic and SRAM, SRAM with a sleep transistor, and dynamic VDD for SRAM read/write
The mouse gene coding for high mobility group 1 protein (HMG1). (1994)

We have isolated an active gene encoding the mouse HMG1 protein among a multitude of cross-hybridizing sequences, which most likely are retrotransposed pseudogenes. The hmg1 gene contains five exons, of which the first is not translated, and the last contains a long 3'-untranslated sequence and three alternative polyadenylation sites. We found no evidence for a sequence encoding a membrane localization signal in the hmg1 gene, despite the presence of HMG1 protein on the surface of several cell types. The hmg1 promoter coincides with a CpG island, contains no TATA sequence, and derives the expression of reporter genes placed under its control. The hmg1 gene may be a member of a family of closely related genes but appears to be the major or the only active gene coding for HMG1 protein.
Electron paramagnetic resonance study of x-irradiated perfluoroneopentane (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron paramagnetic resonance study of x-irradiated perfluoroneopentaneMoon B. Yim and David E. WoodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 12, 3457–3460Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00428a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00428a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chinese Adverb Processing in Japanese-to-Chinese Machine Translation (2014)

Japanese-Chinese machine translation requires a large amount of structural transformations in both grammatical and conceptual levels. In order to make its control structure clearer and more understandable, this paper proposes a model Engine, which is based on pattern dictionary. Translation process is modeled as a data flow computation process. When translating between different language families, the correspondence between language elements are often not straightforward. This paper analyzes Japanese expressions which correspond to Chinese adverbs. We classify the expressions into two types which are translated differently. An adverb processing method in Japanese-to-Chinese machine translation using this classification is proposed.
Electron capture dissociation implementation progress in fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (2008)

Successful electron capture dissociation (ECD) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) applications to peptide and protein structural analysis have been enabled by constant progress in implementation of improved electron injection techniques. The rate of ECD product ion formation has been increased to match the liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis timescales, and ECD has been combined with infrared multiphoton dissociation in a single experimental configuration to provide simultaneous irradiation, fast switching between the two techniques, and good spatial overlap between ion, photon, and electron beams. Here we begin by describing advantages and disadvantages of the various existing electron injection techniques for ECD in FT-ICR MS. We next compare multiple-pass and single-pass ECD to provide better understanding of ECD efficiency at low and high negative cathode potentials. We introduce compressed hollow electron beam injection to optimize the overlap of ion, photon, and electron beams in the ICR ion trap. Finally, to overcome significant outgassing during operation of a powerful thermal cathode, we introduce nonthermal electron emitter-based electron injection. We describe the first results obtained with cold cathode ECD, and demonstrate a general way to obtain low-energy electrons in FT-ICR MS by use of multiple-pass ECD.
An interactive computer graphics approach to surface representation (1977)

An interactive computer graphics method has been developed for the rapid generation of arbitrary shaped three-dimensional surfaces. The method is a synthesis of spline theory and algorithms, an interactive means for man-machine communication, and software for static or dynamic graphics display. The basic technique employed is a modified lofting method in which sectional curves are represented by uniform B-splines and the surface is interpolated between sections by Cardinal splines. Among the features of this method are algorithm, which enable interactive modification of the B-spline representation of the sectional curves. At all stages of the process, the spatial information is graphically displayed to the user. Complex surfaces can be created by the combination of a number of shapes that have been separately generated and automatically joined. The system has been successfully interfaced to a variety of analytical routines for structural, medical and graphical applications.
Benchmarking financial database queries on a parallel machine (2002)

A database benchmark exercise on a parallel machine (a Kendall Square Research KSR1-32 virtual shared memory computer) for a large UK bank is discussed. The benchmark involved 8 queries running on a subset of the bank's database across 10 processors. All queries were of the MIS variety, and included "real" marketing queries. Some queries give speedup of over 5 times on 10 processors. As a result of the data distribution, most queries showed speedup for up to 5 processors but then no more speedup until 10 processors were used. Tests suggest that the limit to I/O throughput lies in the disk controllers. The effectiveness of query optimisation and decomposition are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Facile Low Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of BaTiO3 Nanoparticles Studied by In Situ X-ray Diffraction (2018)

Ferroelectric materials are crucial for today’s technological society and nanostructured ferroelectric materials are important for the downscaling of devices. Controlled and reproducible synthesis of these materials are, therefore, of immense importance. Hydrothermal synthesis is a well-established synthesis route, with a large parameter space for optimization, but a better understanding of nucleation and growth mechanisms is needed for full utilization and control. Here we use in situ X-ray diffraction to follow the nucleation and growth of BaTiO3 formed by hydrothermal synthesis using two different titanium precursors, an amorphous titania precipitate slurry and a Ti-citric acid complex solution. Sequential Rietveld refinement was used to extract the time dependency of lattice parameters, crystallite size, strain, and atomic displacement parameters. Phase pure BaTiO3 nanoparticles, 10–15 nm in size, were successfully synthesized at different temperatures (100, 125, and 150 °C) from both precursors after reaction times, ranging from a few seconds to several hours. The two precursors resulted in phase pure BaTiO3 with similar final crystallite size. Finally, two different growth mechanisms were revealed, where the effect of surfactants present during hydrothermal synthesis is discussed as one of the key parameters.
Dynamic characterization and single-frequency cancellation performance of SMASH (SMA actuated stabilizing handgrip) (2008)

In urban combat environments where it is common to have unsupported firing positions, wobble significantly decreases shooting accuracy reducing mission effectiveness and soldier survivability. The SMASH (SMA Stabilizing Handgrip) has been developed to cancel wobble using antagonistic SMA actuators which reduce weight and size relative to conventional actuation, but lead to interesting control challenges. This paper presents the specification and design of the SMA actuation system for the SMASH platform along with experimental validation of the actuation and cancellation authority on the benchtop and on an M16 platform. Analytical dynamic weapon models and shooter experiments were conducted to define actuation frequency and amplitude specifications. The SMASH, designed to meet these, was experimentally characterized from the bounding quasi-static case up to the 3 Hz range, successfully generating the ±2 mm amplitude requirement. To effectively cancel wobble it is critical to produce the proper output functional shape which is difficult for SMA due to inherent nonlinearities, hysteresis, etc. Three distinct electrical heating input functions (square, ramp, and preheat) were investigated to shape the actuator output to produce smooth sinusoidal motion. The effect of each of these functions on the cancellation response of the SMASH applied to the M16 platform was experimentally studied across the wobble range (1-3 Hz) demonstrating significant cancellation, between 50-97% depending on the smoothing function and frequency. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a hand-held wobble cancellation device providing an important foundation for future work in overall system optimization and the development of physically based feed-forward signals for closed-loop control.
A correlation-relaxation-labeling framework for computing optical flow-template matching from a new perspective (1995)

Optical flow estimation is discussed based on a model for time-varying images more general than that implied by Horn and Schunk (1981). The emphasis is on applications where low contrast imagery, nonrigid or evolving object patterns movement, as well as large interframe displacements are encountered. Template matching is identified as having advantages over point correspondence and the gradient-based approach in dealing with such applications. The two fundamental uncertainties in feature matching, whether template matching or feature point correspondences, are discussed. Correlation template matching procedures are established based on likelihood measurement. A method for determining optical flow is developed by combining template matching and relaxation labeling. A number of candidate displacements for each template and their respective likelihood measures are determined. Then, relaxation labeling is employed to iteratively update each candidate's likelihood by requiring smoothness within a motion field. Real cloud images from satellites are used to test the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Can All the Lithium be Removed from T2-Li[sub 2/3][Ni[sub 1/3]Mn[sub 2/3]]O[sub 2]? (2001)

In this paper, it is demonstrated that all the lithium cannot be removed electrochemically from at room temperature below 5.4 V vs. On the contrary, all the Na atoms can be extracted and reinserted reversibly from electrochemically to form with Both of these results have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements. Furthermore, when all the Na is removed, adopts the O2 structure with random stacking faults. The diffraction pattern can be well matched by simulations of these stacking faults using the DIFFaX program. Lithium can be inserted into however, only about one-half of the lithium which is inserted can be removed. X-ray diffraction shows that when the Li is inserted into the structure transforms from O2 with stacking faults to O2 without stacking faults. We speculate upon the reasons for the difference between the behavior of Li and Na in this host system. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.