gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Game Approach to Multi-Servers Load Balancing with Load-Dependent Server Availability Consideration (2018)

In this paper, we focus on request migration strategies among multi-servers for load balancing. Different from the general load balancing problem, we consider it under a distributed, non-cooperative, and competitive environment. Due to the mentioned characteristics, we view our problem from a game theoretic perspective and formulate it into a non-cooperative game among the multiple servers, in which each server is informed with incomplete information of other servers. For each server, we define its expected response time as a disutility function and try to minimize its value. We also take into account server availability, which impacts the processing capacity of a server and thus its disutility. We solve the problem by employing variational inequality (VI) theory and prove that there exists a Nash equilibrium solution set for the formulated game. Then, we propose an iterative proximal algorithm (IPA) to compute a Nash equilibrium solution. The convergence of the IPA algorithm is also analyzed and we find that it converges to a Nash equilibrium. Finally, we conduct some numerical calculations to verify our theoretical analyses. The experimental results show that our proposed IPA algorithm converges to a Nash equilibrium very quickly and significantly decreases the disutilities of all servers by configuring a proper request migration strategy.
Back to the future: Futures margins in a future credit default swap index futures market (2006)

Abstract The introduction of exchange‐traded credit default swap (CDS) index futures is eminent and this development in the credit market is the subject of this article. A theoretically appealing and practically implementable approach to computing accurate futures margins based on extreme value theory is suggested. The approach is then exemplified with a study of the increasingly popular iTraxx Europe CDS index market. Although this market is not organized through an exchange and is not a futures market, the empirical results together with an arbitrage argument nonetheless suggest margin levels in a future exchange‐traded CDS index futures market computed using extreme value theory to be superior to those computed using the traditional normal distribution or the actual historical distribution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:85–104, 2007
Crystallographic studies of protein denaturation of renaturation. 1. Effects of denaturants on volume and x-ray pattern of crosslinked triclinic lysozyme crystals (1977)

Triclinic crystals of hen egg-white lysozyme cross-linked with glutaraldehyde have been treated with various denaturants and found to be susceptible to x-ray structure analysis even after major conformational changes in the protein. Cross-linked crystals were isomorphous with the native form, and electron density difference maps indicated the locations of intermolecular corss-links, but showed no appreciable differences in the protein conformation. Soaking of the cross-linked crystals in danaturant solutions of increasing concentrations caused corresponding increases in crystal volume and decreases in minimum observable x-ray spacings. These changes proved partly reversible on diluting the solutions, and measurements of crystal volume and minimums x-ray spacing were used to follow denaturation and renaturation as a function of concentration for several denaturants. Some of these, including bromoethanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate, had little effect on the crystals below critical concentrations at which there was a sharp volume increase and loss of x-ray pattern, which could, however, be regenerated to about 3.2-A resolution. Others, including KCNS and urea, caused more gradual changes, but with a smaller degree of recovery. It is suggested that at least two different denaturation mechanisms are involved with detergent-like reagents disrupting the hydrophobic interactions joining the two wings of the lysozyme molecule and hydrophilic denaturants interacting primarily with polar groups on the molecular surface.
Prostanoid EP<sub>4</sub>Receptor Stimulation Produces Ocular Hypotension by a Mechanism That Does Not Appear to Involve Uveoscleral Outflow (2009)

The EP(4) receptor agonist 3,7-dithia PGE(1) is a highly efficacious IOP-lowering drug in monkeys. It has no effect on uveoscleral outflow but does increase total outflow facility, which accounts for a substantial proportion of the ocular hypotensive activity.
Metformin and cancer: Doses, mechanisms and the dandelion and hormetic phenomena (2010)

In the early 1970s, Professor Vladimir Dilman originally developed the idea that antidiabetic biguanides may be promising as geroprotectors and anticancer drugs ("metabolic rehabilitation"). In the early 2000s, Anisimov´s experiments revealed that chronic treatment of female transgenic HER2-/neu mice with metformin significantly reduced the incidence and size of mammary adenocarcinomas and increased the mean latency of the tumors. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that metformin, but not other anti-diabetic drugs, significantly reduces cancer incidence and improves cancer patients' survival in type 2 diabetics. At present, pioneer work by Dilman & Anisimov at the Petrov Institute of Oncology (St. Petersburg, Russia) is rapidly evolving due to ever-growing preclinical studies using human tumor-derived cultured cancer cells and animal models. We herein critically review how the antidiabetic drug metformin is getting reset to metabolically fight cancer. Our current perception is that metformin may constitute a novel "hybrid anti-cancer pill" physically combining both the long-lasting effects of antibodies -by persistently lowering levels of blood insulin and glucose- and the immediate potency of a cancer cell-targeting molecular agent -by suppressing the pivotal AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 axis and several protein kinases at once, including tyrosine kinase receptors such as HER1 and HER2-. In this scenario, we discuss the relevance of metformin doses in pre-clinical models regarding metformin's mechanisms of action in clinical settings. We examine recent landmark studies demonstrating metformin's ability to specifically target the cancer-initiating stem cells from which tumor cells develop, thereby preventing cancer relapse when used in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy (dandelion hypothesis). We present the notion that, by acting as an efficient caloric restriction mimetic, metformin enhanced intrinsic capacity of mitotically competent cells to self-maintenance and repair (hormesis) might trigger counterintuitive detrimental effects. Ongoing chemopreventive, neoadjuvant and adjuvant trials should definitely establish whether metformin's ability to kill the "dandelion root" beneath the "cancer soil" likely exceeds metformin-related dangers of hormesis.
An integrated 802.11a baseband and MAC processor (2005)

An 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS mixed-signal baseband and MAC processor for the IEEE 802.11a WLAN standard in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS occupies 6.8/spl times/6.8 mm/sup 2/ and contains 4.0M transistors in a 196-pin BGA package. Power consumption for transmit and receive is 326 mW and 452 mW. Additional data rates up to 108 Mb/s are supported. The MAC is implemented using dedicated control and datapath logic, and includes registers that allow host software to configure and control its operation. This yields an overall design that is compact, power-efficient, and requires no off-chip RAM or program storage, yet is very flexible.
[Hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome: modern aspects of epidemiology and prophylaxis]. (2006)

Hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (HFRS) is a typical natural-and-focal virus infection having military-and-epidemiological importance for Armed Forces of most countries. Severe forms of this infection are typical for the Far East of Russia, countries of South-East Asia and especially for the American continent. The lethality from HFRS amounts to 15-50%. The main natural carriers and keepers of HFRS stimulus are various mouse-type rodents. In Russia besides well-studied natural focuses on the Far East, Siberia, Ural, Povolge other active HFRS focuses were determined not long ago (Moscow, Orel, Lipetsk, Tula and Voronezh regions, the territory of Big Sochi). A man is infected by an aerosol, forming during drying up of rodents' urine, feces, saliva containing HFRS virus. Vaccinal prevention of HFRS in Russia hasn't yet been worked out. Ribavirin is the most effective in the treatment for HFRS. The means of prevention of population and servicemen must exclude their contact with rodents both in natural conditions and in populated areas.
Quasi-TEM model for coplanar waveguide on silicon (2002)

This paper compares a simple quasi-TEM model for coplanar waveguide fabricated on moderately doped silicon substrates to measurement. While the coplanar waveguide currents and magnetic fields are unaffected by the substrate, a simple capacitive model can accurately account for the effects of the substrate.
Optimum Wideband High Gain Analog Beamforming Network for 5G Applications (2019)

A broadband high-gain millimeter-wave (mmWave) array beamforming network (BFN) design, analysis, and implementation based on the Rotman lens antenna array feeding are presented. The BFN is intended for operation in the (26-40) GHz frequency band for a wide range of potential applications in the fifth generation (5G). The system is made on Rogers substrate, RO6010, to provide compatibility with standard planar low-cost processing techniques for millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC). The measured results show the system capability of 80° beam scanning for different angles at -39.7°, -26.5°, -13.3°, 0°, +13.3°, +26.5°, and +39.5° at 28 GHz. With these features in addition to being compact size, low profile, and lightweight, this BFN is suitable for various millimeter-wave and 5G applications such as the advanced multi-in multi-out (MIMO) systems, remote sensing, and automotive radar.
Electrical Characteristics for Lu[sub 2]O[sub 3] Thin Films Fabricated by E-Beam Deposition Method (2004)

thin films with a high dielectric constant (high k value) deposited on n-Si(100) were investigated. A capacitance equivalent thickness of 1.6 nm with a leakage current density of was obtained for 4.5 nm thick deposited at room temperature followed by postdeposition annealing (PDA) at 400°C in The surface morphology for 8-20 nm thick films became rough after the PDA process because of the crystallization, whereas the surface of 4.5 nm thick was smooth even after the PDA process. No frequency dependence in the capacitance-voltage curve was observed, and its relative dielectric constant was 11. The hygroscopic properties of the thin films seemed to be superior to those of other rare-earth oxide thin films, probably due to having the largest lattice energy among the rare-earth oxides. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
[Single-tooth replacement in the aesthetic zone with immediate provisionalization]. (2003)

Clinical studies on the placement of immediate restoration in anterior implant have revealed predictable results.
Wafer arcing phenomena and resolution through a capacitively coupled low gap plasma reactor (2003)

Electromagnetic simulations have been performed on a hypothetical device structure showing that electric field strengths around large metal structures can be close to electric breakdown, in particular in low-k materials. A plasma reactor design is presented leading to a large window of operation, free of wafer arcing.
Topographic organization of the ventral striatal efferent projections in the rhesus monkey: An anterograde tracing study (1990)

The ventral striatum is considered to be that portion of the striatum associated with the limbic system by virtue of its afferent connections from allocortical and mesolimbic areas as well as from the amygdala. The efferent projections from this striatal region in the primate were traced by using 3H amino acids and Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). Particular attention was paid to the topographic organization of terminal fields in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, the projections to non-extrapyramidal areas, the relationship between projections from the nucleus accumbens and the other parts of the ventral striatum, and the comparison between ventral and dorsal striatal projections. This study demonstrates that in monkeys a circumscribed region of the globus pallidus receives topographically organized efferent fibers from the ventral striatum. The ventral striatal fibers terminate in the ventral pallidum, the subcommissural part of the globus pallidus, the rostral pole of the external segment, and the rostromedial portion of the internal segment. The more central and caudal portions of the globus pallidus do not receive this input. This striatal output appears to remain segregated from the dorsal striatal efferent projections to pallidal structures. Fibers from the ventral striatum projecting to the substantia nigra are not as confined to a specific region as those projecting to the globus pallidus. Although the densest terminal fields occur in the medial portion, numerous fibers also extend laterally to innervate the dorsal stratum of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and the retrorubral area. Furthermore, they project throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the substantia nigra. Projections from the medial part of the ventral striatum reach the more caudally located pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Thus unlike the above described terminals in the globus pallidus, the ventral striatum project widely throughout the substantia nigra, a fact that indicates that they may contribute to the integration between limbic and other output systems of the striatum. Finally, the ventral striatum projects to non-extrapyramidal regions including the bed nucleus of the stria terminals, the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, the lateral hypothalamus, and the medial thalamus.
Accuracy performance analysis of multimodal biometrics (2004)

Since biometrics may be used to ensure that a person accessing information is authorized to do so, interest in biometrics for information assurance has increased recently. New biometric applications are constantly being announced while at the same time new spoofing technology is being developed to defeat them. One approach to overcoming the problem of spoofing is the use of multimodal biometric fusion. Most current research is focused on overcoming the deficiencies of a single biometric trait or reducing the false acceptance rate, both without any emphasis on the false rejection rate. Multimodal biometric fusion combines measurements from different biometric traits to enhance the strengths and diminish the weaknesses of the individual measurements. We investigate two types of errors associated with biometrics. The accuracy is analyzed for multimodal biometric systems utilizing two commonly used fusion rules. The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical evaluation for the false acceptance and the false rejection rates to improve the accuracy as well as the convenience of biometric applications.
PIRAMID: an architecture-driven silicon compiler for complex DSP applications (2002)

The PIRAMID design system, a silicon compiler for the synthesis of DSP algorithms is described. Starting from a functional specification, a complete VLSI mask layout and a set of test patterns are automatically generated. The designer explores design alternatives by interacting with the compiler, thus finding an implementation that matches performance requirements at minimal hardware cost. Some design examples are presented to demonstrate its viability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A distributed resource management architecture for interconnecting Web-of-Things using uBox (2011)

Although there are many smart devices and networked embedded object applications using World Wide Web technologies, it is still a big step to go towards a true Web of Things. It is e.g. difficult to build ubiquitous WoT applications that work in and accross multiple environments. Approaches which aggregate WoT ressources by centralizing all the resource information, have problems: total dependency on external infrasture, lack of private WoT management, inflexible communication patterns and limited dynamic ressource discovery and mapping. To solve these problems, we propose uBox, a local WoT platform which can be a stand-alone server to make your WoT environment, with interfaces to connect the other local WoT platforms. This way, which we call uBoXing, we can create World Wide WoT platform with a distributed architecture. This paper describes the concept of a distributed resource management architecture, and how we implement the concept into software. Also, we will discuss the platform with the example application in SmartTecO environment.
Performance Comparison of Overlap FDE and Sliding-Window Chip Equalization for Multi-Code DS-CDMA in a Frequency-Selective Fading Channel (2011)

Recently, overlap frequency-domain equalization (FDE) based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion which requires no guard interval (GI) insertion was proposed for signal transmission using multi-code direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) in a frequency-selective fading channel. Another promising equalization technique is time-domain sliding-window chip equalization (SWCE). In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) performances achievable with overlap FDE and SWCE are compared. It is shown that, by extending the fast Fourier transform (FFT) block size, overlap FDE can achieve almost the same BER performance as SWCE with much less computational complexity than SWCE.
Expression of theATDC (ataxia telangiectasia group D-complementing) gene in A431 human squamous carcinoma cells (1996)

The ATDC gene was originally identified by its ability to complement the radiosensitivity defect of an ataxia telangiectasia (AT) fibroblast cell line. Because hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation is an important feature of the AT phenotype, we reasoned that ATDC may function generally in the suppression of radiosensitivity. Previous work in our laboratory focused on radiosensitization mechanisms in human squamous carcinoma (SC) cells, especially A431 cells. To establish a basis for investigating the role of ATDC in radiation-responsive signaling pathways in human SC cells, we characterized ATDC message and protein expressions in A431 cells. ATDC message expression was also compared among human epidermoid cells (A431 cells, HaCaT spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes and normal human epidermal keratinocytes) and a normal human fibroblast cell line (LM217). We made the following major observations: (i) the relative abundance of ATDC message is substantially higher in the epidermoid cells than in the fibroblast cell line, which has a message level comparable to those reported for other fibroblast lines; (ii) ATDC is constitutively phosphorylated on serine/threonine in A431 cells; (iii) in A431 cells, ATDC is a substrate for the serine/threonine protein kinase C (PKC) but not the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase; and (iv) EGF decreases ATDC message and protein expressions in A431 cells after a 24-hr exposure. The phosphorylation studies suggest that the ability of ATDC to modulate cellular radiosensitivity may be mediated in part through a PKC signaling pathway.
The role of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in acute leukaemia therapy (2005)

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is an immunoconjugate that binds to CD33 on the surface of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) blasts and, after internalisation, releases a cytotoxic drug, calicheamicin. GO is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CD33-positive AML at first relapse in patients 60 years and older who are not candidates for other cytotoxic therapy. GO as a single agent has low antileukaemic activity. When given to patients meeting the criteria noted above, it produces a complete response (CR) rate of only 12%, with another 12% achieving CR with inadequate platelet recovery (CRp). The median survival of patients treated with GO monotherapy is 11.2 months. GO therapy at 9 mg/m(2) is complicated with hepatic veno-occlusive disease in 5-10% of patients, particularly prior to or following stem cell transplantation. GO at lower doses combined with chemotherapy as induction or postremission therapy is promising, however, and phase III trials are ongoing. GO is probably most active in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). It is used for induction regimens in high-risk APL and for the elimination of minimal residual APL. Case reports suggest that GO also has activity in CD33-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. In conclusion, single agent GO can induce responses in patients with CD33-positive AML in first recurrence. The future of GO is its use in combination with other cytotoxic agents. Ongoing clinical trials may better define the role of GO combinations, particularly in untreated AML.
Energetics of ribonuclease A catalysis. 1. pH, ionic strength, and solvent isotope dependence of the hydrolysis of cytidine cyclic 2',3'-phosphate (1983)

The pH, ionic strength, and solvent deuterium isotope dependence of the steady-state kinetics of the ribonuclease A catalyzed hydrolysis of cytidine cyclic 2',3'-phosphate has been investigated by using, primarily, the technique of flow microcalorimetry to monitor the kinetics. The pH dependence of the Michaelis-Menten parameters has been analyzed by assuming the participation of His-12 and -119 of the enzyme and a third ionizing group, postulated to be on the pyrimidine ring of the substrate, to determine the pH-independent rate constant kc, and Michaelis constant Km. The reported pH analysis, together with existing NMR data and chemical modification studies, allows an assignment of the functional roles of His-12 and -119 as being those of general acid and general base catalytic residues, respectively. At high pH, the apparent Km value is found to increase to unity. This drop in affinity between the enzyme and the substrate at high pH indicates that the substrate binds to the enzyme primarily through an electrostatic interaction with the active-site histidine residues, particularly His-12. The apparent absence of an interaction with the riboside portion of the substrate is suggested to be due to the fact that the substrate exists in a syn conformation about its glycosidic bond and thus cannot interact optimally with the enzyme's binding pocket. This will result in a relative destabilization of the enzyme-substrate complex, which can then be relieved upon the formation of the transition state. The ionic strength dependence of ribonuclease activity is shown to be primarily a result of its effect on the pKa of the histidine residues and a concomitant change in the value of Km.
Assessment of surface cleanliness for metal surfaces using electrochemical methods (1994)

A Master's Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of M.Phil of the Loughborough University of Technology.