gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Family of<scp>l</scp>-Amino Acid-Based Biodegradable Polymer−Lipid Conjugates for the Development of Long-Circulating Liposomes with Effective Drug-Targeting Capacity (2003)

The objective of this study was to develop biodegradable polypeptide-lipid conjugates for the design of polymer-coated long-circulating liposomes (LCL). Lipid conjugates of poly(hydroxyalkyl L-asparagine/L-glutamine) were synthesized and incorporated into 0.15 microm dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)-cholesterol liposomes. Circulation times and biodistribution were assessed in rats using a radioactive lipid marker. Evaluation of the therapeutic activity of prednisolone phosphate loaded in 0.1 microm PHEA-DPPC-cholesterol liposomes in a rat experimental arthritis model was performed to demonstrate the drug-targeting potential of the polymer-coated liposomes. Coating of liposomes with poly(hydroxyethyl L-asparagine) (PHEA) and poly(hydroxyethyl L-glutamine) (PHEG) extended the circulation half-life to a similar extent as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which is normally used for the preparation of LCL. Glutamine polymers with a hydroxypropyl or a hydroxybutyl group instead of hydroxyethyl group also yield prolonged circulation, however, not to the same extent as PHEA/G. The pharmacokinetic properties of PHEA-liposomes were independent of the lipid dose even at very low lipid doses of around 50 nmol per rat. PLP was successfully entrapped in PHEA-liposomes. These liposomes were shown to be stable in the circulation and equally effective in rat experimental arthritis as PLP encapsulated in PEG-liposomes. PHEA and PHEG are attractive alternative polymers for the design of LCL: their performance is similar to that of PEG-liposomes but they have the advantage of being biodegradable.
Collision detection, isolation and identification for humanoids (2017)

High-performance collision handling, which is divided into the five phases detection, isolation, estimation, classification and reaction, is a fundamental robot capability for safe and sensitive operation/interaction in unknown environments. For complex humanoid robots collision handling is obviously significantly more complex than for classical static manipulators. In particular, the robot stability during the collision reaction phase has to be carefully designed and relies on high fidelity contact information that is generated during the first three phases. In this paper, a unified realtime algorithm is presented for determining unknown contact forces and contact locations for humanoid robots based on proprioceptive sensing only, i.e. joint position, velocity and torque, as well as force/torque sensing along the structure. The proposed scheme is based on nonlinear model-based momentum observers that are able to recover the unknown contact forces and the respective locations. The dynamic loads acting on internal force/torque sensors are also corrected based on a novel nonlinear compensator. The theoretical capabilities of the presented methods are evaluated in simulation with the Atlas robot. In summary, we propose a full solution to the problem of collision detection, collision isolation and collision identification for the general class of humanoid robots.
Targeted therapy in melanoma (2009)

Malignant melanoma is a highly lethal disease unless detected early. Single-agent chemotherapy is well tolerated but is associated with very low response rates. Combination chemotherapy and biochemotherapy may improve objective response rates but do not prolong survival and are associated with greater toxicity. Immunotherapeutic approaches such as highdose interleukin-2 are associated with durable responses in a small percentage of patients, but are impractical for many patients due to accessibility and toxicity issues. Elucidations of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in melanoma have expanded the horizon of opportunity to alter the natural history of the disease. Multiple signal transduction pathways seem to be aberrant and drugs that target them have been and continue to be in development. In this review we present data on the most promising targeted agents in development, including B-raf inhibitors and other signal transduction inhibitors, oligonucleotides, proteasome inhibitors, as well as inhibitors of angiogenesis. Most agents are in early phase trials although some have already reached phase III evaluation. As knowledge and experience with targeted therapy advance, new challenges appear to be arising particularly in terms of resistance and appropriate patient selection.
Effects of Melatonin in Age‐Related Macular Degeneration (2005)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe visual loss in aged people. Melatonin has been shown to have the capacity to control eye pigmentation and thereby regulate the amount of light reaching the photoreceptors, to scavenge hydroxyradicals and to protect retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells from oxidative damage. Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the physiological decrease of melatonin in aged people may be an important factor in RPE dysfunction, which is a well known cause for initiation of AMD. Our purpose is to explore a new approach to prevent or treat AMD. We began case control study with a follow-up of 6 to 24 months. One hundred patients with AMD were diagnosed and 3 mg melatonin was given orally each night at bedtime for at least 3 months. Both dry and wet forms of AMD were included. Fifty-five patients were followed for more than 6 months. At 6 months of treatment, the visual acuity had been kept stable in general. Though the follow up time is not long, this result is already better than the otherwise estimated natural course.1,2 The change of the fundus picture was remarkable. Only 8 eyes showed more retinal bleeding and 6 eyes more retinal exudates. The majority had reduced pathologic macular changes. We conclude that the daily use of 3 mg melatonin seems to protect the retina and to delay macular degeneration. No significant side effects were observed.
The High-Frequency Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Allele <i>Mamu-B</i> <sup> <i>*</i> </sup> <i>17</i> Is Associated with Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Replication (2006)

Particular HLA alleles are associated with reduced human immunodeficiency virus replication. It has been difficult, however, to characterize the immune correlates of viral control. An analysis of the influence of major histocompatibility complex class I alleles on viral control in 181 simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques revealed that Mamu-B(*)17 was associated with a 26-fold reduction in plasma virus concentrations (P<0.001). Mamu-B(*)17 was also enriched in a group of animals that controlled viral replication by 1,000-fold [corrected] Even after accounting for this group, Mamu-B(*)17 was associated with an eightfold reduction in plasma virus concentrations (P<0.001). Mamu-B(*)17-positive macaques could, therefore, facilitate our understanding of the correlates of viral control.
<title>Tangential velocity measurement of diffuse object by using modulated dynamic speckle</title> (1996)

The use of transmission grating for measurement of rough body tangential velocity is discussed. The possibility of obtaining narrow component in the spectrum of scattered from rough surface and transmitted through the grating radiation is confirmed both theoretically and experimentally. The availability of a narrow component in the spectrum of scattered radiation with (Delta) f/f < 2 10<SUP>-2</SUP> enables one to measure tangential velocity of the diffuse object within +/- 0.5% accuracy.
Pulse averaging methods for a laser remote monitoring system using atmospheric backscatter (1987)

Three methods for averaging differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements are discussed. They are compared using experimental data acquired with a dual-laser direct-detection DIAL system operating in the near UV using atmospheric backscatter. The data set was acquired with the two lasers tuned to the same wavelength to eliminate any spectral variations and fluctuations of differential absorbers from the measurement. The results are compared by evaluating both the standard deviations and the means of the integrated columns. The results suggest that shot noise on the backscattered signals dominates the measurement statistics and considerably reduces the necessity for short interpulse delay times.
Non contact method for <i>in vivo</i> assessment of skin mechanical properties for assessing effect of ageing (2011)

The assessment of human tissue properties by objective and quantitative devices is very important to improve the understanding of its mechanical behaviour. The aim of this paper is to present a non contact method to measure the mechanical properties of human skin in vivo. A complete non contact device using an air flow system has been developed. Validation and assessment of the method have been performed on inert visco-elastic material. An in vivo study on the forearm of two groups of healthy women aged of 23.2±1.6 and 60.4±2.4 has been performed. Main parameters assessed are presented and a first interpretation to evaluate the reduced Young's modulus is proposed. Significant differences between the main parameters of the curve are shown with ageing. As tests were performed with different loads, the influence of the stress is also observed. We found a reduced Young's modulus with an air flow force of 10 mN of 14.38±3.61 kPa for the youngest group and 6.20±1.45 kPa for the oldest group. These values agree with other studies using classical or dynamic indentation. Non contact test using the developed device gives convincing results.
Capillaries modified by noncovalent anionic polymer adsorption for capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (2001)

A simple coating procedure for generation of a high and pH-independent electroosmotic flow in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) is described. The bilayer coating was formed by noncovalent adsorption of the ionic polymers Polybrene and poly(vinylsulfonate) (PVS). A stable dynamic coating was formed when PVS was added to the background electrolyte. Thus, when the PVS concentration in the background electrolyte was optimized for CZE (0.01%), the EOF differed less than 0.3% after 54 runs. The electroosmotic mobility in the coated capillaries was (4.9+/-0.1) x 10(-4) cm2V(-1)s(-1) in a pH-range of 2-10 (ionic strength = 30 mM). When alkaline compounds were used as test substances intracapillary and intercapillary migration time variations (n = 6) were less than 1% relative standard deviation (RSD) and 2% RSD, respectively in the entire pH range. The coating was fairly stable in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and this made it possible to perform fast MEKC separations at low pH. When neutral compounds were used as test substances, the intracapillary migration time variations (n = 6) were less than 2% RSD in a pH range of 2-9. In addition to fast CZE and MEKC separations at low pH, analysis of the alkaline compounds by CE-MS was also possible.
Note on the taxonomy and ecology of Streptomyces malachiticus and related species (1970)

Seven species of Streptomyces closely related to Streptomyces malachiticus (Gause et al.) Pridham, Hesseltine and Benedict, all having within the vegetative mycelium a nondiffusible green pigment, are compared and described. A key to the identification of the species proposed is included. S. malachiticus seems to be unique in its temperature requirements in its natural habitat, since all the strains known and available were isolated from soils of a warm climate.
Turmeric Extract May Improve Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptomology in Otherwise Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study (2004)

Turmeric may help reduce IBS symptomology. Placebo controlled trials are now warranted to confirm these findings.
Transcytolemmal water exchange in pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI data in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (2007)

The effect of transcytolemmal water exchange is an important factor that needs to be incorporated for adequate modeling of contrast enhancement dynamics measured by MRI of HNSCC.
THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY, THERMAL EFFUSIVITY AND SPECIFIC HEAT OF SOILS IN OLORUNSOGO POWERPLANT, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA (2012)

The determination of soil thermal properties, such as thermal resistivity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, thermal effusivity and specific heat, is of great importance for various civil and electrical engineering projects where heat transfer takes place through the soil mass. Some of these projects include design and laying of high-voltage buried power cables, oil and gas pipe lines, nuclear waste disposal facilities. Many workers have focussed their attention on determining only the thermal resistivity of materials for making recommendations when executing various engineering projects. However, it is important to evaluate thermal diffusivity, thermal effusivity and specific heat, not thermal resistivity alone when dealing with protecting any buried pipe from freezing. This research work therefore intends to determine these properties in soils of Olorunsogo Gas Turbine Power Station (335 MW Phase 1) which is located in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Ten pits, each of about 1.5 m below the ground surface, were established in and around the power plant in order to measure thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat of soil in-situ. A KD 2 thermal analyzer was used for the in-situ measurement of thermal properties. Samples were also collected from the ten pits for laboratory determination of the physical parameters that influence thermal properties. The samples were subjected to grain size distribution analysis, compaction, specific gravity, porosity and permeability tests, and moisture content determination. The thermal conductivity, density and specific heat were used to calculate the thermal effusivity of the soil The results show that thermal diffusivity, thermal effusivity and specific heat range from 0.346 – 0.752 mm 2 /s, 1.38 – 4.01 Jm -2 K -1 S -1/2 and 1.152 – 3.361 mJ/m 3 K respectively. Also, the physical parameters such as moisture content, porosity, degree of saturation, dry density and permeability vary from 13.00 – 16.20 %, 39.74 – 45.64 %, 40.72 – 63.52 %, 1725.05 – 1930.00 Kg/m 3 and 0.0144 – 0.0316 cm/s respectively. The temperature ranges from 28.92 – 35.39 o C with an average of 32.11 o C in the study area. It was found that the thermal properties of soils in the area are good enough for proper laying of cables or pipelines. Also the variation of thermal properties with physical parameters match with the results reported in literatures except for the variation of porosity with specific heat. Therefore, for safe and proper execution of various civil and electrical engineering projects, determination of thermal properties of soils is quite essential.
<b>PHOTO‐OXIDATION OF THYMINE SENSITIZED BY 2‐METHYL‐1,4‐NAPHTHOQUINONE: ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTS INCLUDING THREE NOVEL PHOTO‐DIMERS</b> (1984)

Abstract —The near‐UV photosensitization of thymine by 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone in oxygenated aqueous solution leads to the formation of nine major thymine‐derived products. Six of the photoproducts, representing 70% of the initial thymine loss, are also known to be formed by γ‐ray or X‐ray irradiation of oxygenated water solutions of thymine. They include the cis and trans isomers of 5‐hydroperoxy‐6‐hydroxy‐5,6‐dihydrothymine, the cis and trans thymine glycols, 5‐hydroxy‐5‐methylhydantoin, and N‐formyl‐N′‐pyruvylurea. The three remaining major products, accounting for a further 25% of the initial thymine loss, are thymine di‐adducts of a type not previously reported. Preliminary characterization of these novel photoproducts, based on their UV absorption, mass spectra, and proton and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, suggests that in each of the three, the thymine moieties are linked by an N(1)‐C(5) or N(1)‐C(6) bond. A thymine cation radical is implicated as the common precursor of all 9 products. Accordingly. pyrimidine photosensitization by 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone serves as a model system for studying the chemical consequences of radiation‐induced ionization of the DNA bases.
1 Origins of Contemporary DNA Tumor Virus Research (1980)

THE CANCER CELL DEFINED The evolution of unicellular organisms into multicellular organisms has demanded the emergence of very precise rules to govern both the spatial siting and the multiplication rates of their respective differentiated cells. A given specialized cell does not grow at any site in its multicellular host, but is restricted to have only certain cell types for its neighbors and to proliferate only upon receipt of a message signifying that more of its kind are needed for the orderly growth or maintenance of the complete organism. Given the existence of so many types of multicellular organisms, each with its unique patterns of differentiation, there are likely to exist many, many molecular pathways along which these signals are transmitted. Any of them in turn may fail and lead to one of the many abnormal forms of growth that collectively are called cancer. Cancer is therefore not a unitary category, but a wide (to some, hopelessly wide) collection of different abnormal conditions, each displaying its own specific properties. In thinking about how to study cancer, most investigators quickly see the need to distinguish the property of excessive cell division from the property of abnormal cellular affinities. The quality of uncontrolled growth is what leads to the localized masses of single cell types often referred to as tumors. When these tumors grow only at the sites of origin, they do not necessarily upset the functioning of their host and frequently are called benign tumors. However, when a cell that has lost...
Hallelujah (2017)

Lytro Immerge is the world's first professional Light Field solution for VR, providing true presence for live action VR through six degrees of freedom (6DoF) playback.
Studies on floral variation in walnut (Juglans regia L.). (2009)

The type and character of floral organ variation in Juglans regia L.were observed,and the anatomy of hermaphroditic development was also analyzed through paraffin section.The 2 942 seedlings from cross combination were raised using 6 precocious forms,and 2 later mature forms.Among 2 648 seedlings from artificial cross by precocious forms and open pollination of precocious forms,20.34% of the seedlings were produced flowers in the third year.The 294 seedlings from later mature forms produced no flowers in the third years.Twelve seedlings of the 538 precocious cross seedlings were observed on floral organ variations.The variation types including hermaphrodite flower,spike inflorescence,branch spike inflorescence,male and female flowers in one spike inflorescence,stigma variation,rosette female inflorescences.The study on floral organ variation was kept from 2003 to 2008.Stable inheritance of floral organ variation only appeared in C3 cross seedling from Xin 1×Xiangling.The floral organ variation was found in adventitious shoots of Xiangling cultivar.The anatomy of hermaphrodite flower development procedure was:Inflorescence primordium-flower primordium-bract primordium stamen primordium-stigma primordium-ovary primordium.The floral organ variation only took place in the second shoots and flowers.The walnut with floral organ variation is a valuable material to study the earlier fruiting character and the floral organ development of walnut.
Familial and sporadic cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan. (1999)

In conclusion, while genetic factors are likely to play an important role in NPC pathogenesis, our results provide little evidence that a familial form of NPC exists with characteristics notably distinct from sporadic cases.
一个努力与整个世界沟通的哲学家——访剑桥哲学家欧诺拉·奥尼尔 (2010)

此次访谈涉及了奥尼尔教授个人的求学经历、对哲学兴趣的由来、英美哲学系的训练方式、对罗尔斯哲学的评价，以及当代自由主义者能从康德哲学中学到什么。其中重点探讨了罗尔斯与康德两种不同的建构主义、罗尔斯讧成方法的缺陷、规范性思考的边界（boundaries）问题，以及当代英美政治哲学对现实政治不够重视等问题。
Analyzing Long-Running Controller Applications for Specification Violations Based on Deterministic Replay (2012)

Deterministic replay debugging is a technique aimed at finding and debugging software failures occurring in field operation that are usually hard to reproduce. With deterministic replay debugging a software run is recorded, so that it can be reproduced deterministically in a debugger. While deterministic replay debugging is capable of reproducing a failure, in practice, especially in the case of a long-running application, it is still hard for the developer to locate the exact position of the failure in the trace log. Based on our previous work on deterministic replay debugging, we propose an approach to use behavior specifications in the form of test cases to search a recorded trace log. We first present a formal approach for the specification of test cases for PLC applications based on hybrid automata. Then we present a method for searching a recorded program trace for occurrences of the test scenario. That way, we can not only identify regions where a specification violation occurred, but also the corresponding regions in the trace where the test case passed, which can then be further used for comparison. We present the theoretical background of our approach, an implementation of the trace search algorithm, and an example application.
Removal of Lead from Water Samples by Sorption onto Powdered Limestone (2007)

Abstract Bench scale batch adsorption experiments were performed, aiming at the removal of the Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions and water samples by fine powdered Limestone (LS) as an effective inorganic sorbent, which is inexpensive, widespread, and cheap. The main parameters (i.e., solution pH, sorbent and lead concentrations, stirring times, and temperature) influencing the sorption process, in addition to the effect of some foreign ions, were investigated. The results obtained stated that the sorption of Pb2+ ions onto LS is well described by Freundlich model and deviated from that of Langmuir over the concentration range studied. Under the optimum experimental conditions employed, the removal of ca. 100% of Pb2+ ions was attained. The procedure was successfully applied to the removal of lead from aqueous and different natural water samples. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism is suggested.