gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable High Performance Cross-Linked Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications (2010)

Fuel cells are energy conversion devices that show great potential in numerous applications ranging from automobiles to portable electronics. However, further development of fuel cell components is necessary for them to become commercially viable. One component critical to their performance is the polymer electrolyte membrane, which is an ion conductive medium separating the two electrodes. While proton conducting membranes are well established (e.g., Nafion), hydroxide conducting membranes (alkaline anion exchange membranes, AAEMs) have been relatively unexplored by comparison. Operating under alkaline conditions offers significant efficiency benefits, especially for the oxygen reduction reaction; therefore, effective AAEMs could significantly advance fuel cell technologies. Here we demonstrate the use of ring-opening metathesis polymerization to generate new cross-linked membrane materials exhibiting high hydroxide ion conductivity and good mechanical properties. Cross-linking allows for increased ion incorporation, which, in turn supports high conductivities. This facile synthetic approach enables the preparation of cross-linked materials with the potential to meet the demands of hydrogen-powered fuel cells as well as direct methanol fuel cells.
Evolutions of Some One-Dimensional Homogeneous Cellular Automata (2021)

Evolution patterns of a one-dimensional homogeneous cellular automaton (CA) are investigated for some standard transition functions. The different possible evolution patterns for an elementary CA starting with at most one active cell or ON state cell are discussed. Also, with respect to some initial configurations, evolution-wise equivalent Wolfram codes are investigated. It is shown that these equivalent codes are automorphic.
MOS characteristics of fluorinated gate dielectrics grown by rapid thermal processing in O/sub 2/ with diluted NF/sub 3/ (1990)

Rapid thermal processing (RTP) was applied to the fabrication of the ultrathin ( approximately 10 nm) high-quality fluorinated oxides in O/sub 2/+NF/sub 3/. NF/sub 3/ (diluted in N/sub 2/) was used as the F source gas and was introduced either prior to rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) or with O/sub 2/ during the initial stage of RTO. The electrical characteristics of MOS capacitors have been studied and correlated with the chemical properties. It was found that SiO/sub 2/ with a small amount of F incorporated shows reduced interface state generation under F-N injection, whereas excessive F incorporation is detrimental.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determination of silicon in glasses and minerals by atomic absorption spectrometry (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of silicon in glasses and minerals by atomic absorption spectrometryR. A. Burdo and W. M. WiseCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 14, 2360–2364Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60364a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (622 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anaerobic treatment of a biologically inhibitory wastewater (1988)

Hollow tubular aquapores inside aquafoldamers can be created via the "sticky" end-mediated formation of 1D chiral helical stacks involving same-handed helices, and are capable of aligning H-bonded water molecules in a chain-like fashion. These aquapores uniquely feature a small cavity of ∼2.8 Å in diameter, a size identical to that of the water molecule and also comparable to the narrowest opening in naturally occurring aquaporins measuring ∼3 Å across, and hence allow not only proton transport but also unique proton-gradient-induced water transport across the lipid membranes in the presence of proton gradient.
High Oxygen Affinity Polymerized Bovine Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers as Potential Artificial Blood Substitutes (2022)

Given the periodic shortages and safety concerns of blood, the development of an artificial blood substitute capable of adequately transporting oxygen without eliciting undue side effects would be quite beneficial. Acellular modified hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers with high oxygen affinity (P50 < 26 mmHg) are a new class of blood substitutes being explored. It has been theorized that these oxygen carriers may have less vasoactive side effects compared to their low oxygen affinity counterparts and may transport oxygen in a more physiological manner. In this study, a parallel synthetic approach was used to produce a small library of oxygen carriers by cross-linking/polymerizing bovine hemoglobin (Hb) with glutaraldehyde and ring-opened saccharides. The type and concentration of cross-linker and quenching agent, as well as reaction time, were all manipulated to yield oxygen carriers with various molecular weight distributions and oxygen binding properties. A high degree of Hb cross-linking with glutaraldehyde resulted in the synthesis of polymerized Hb (polyHb) dispersions with low P50s (< 26 mmHg), low Hill coefficients (< 2.3), and high methemoglobin (metHb) levels (> 10%). In this work, the high metHb level of glutaraldehyde polyHb dispersions was countered by reducing the polyHb dispersions post-reaction with ascorbic acid. Utilization of ring-opened saccharides as Hb cross-linking reagents resulted in polyHb dispersions with even lower P50s (~7-9 mmHg) compared to glutaraldehyde polyHb dispersions. In fact, o-methylglucopyranoside showed the most promise as an Hb cross-linking reagent and resulted in a higher degree of Hb cross-linking and lower metHb levels compared to other ring-opened saccharides. Polymerization of bovine Hb with glutaraldehyde resulted in decreased allosteric effects of pH and Cl- on the oxygen binding properties of polyHb dispersions, although it was not completely abolished. Modeling the oxygen transporting ability of these oxygen carriers in a human capillary showed that a moderately low P50 (such as 18 mmHg) oxygen carrier delivered oxygen more consistently over a wide range of hypoxic pO2 levels. In contrast, very low P50 (such as 6 or 13 mmHg) oxygen carriers specifically target oxygen delivery to tissues with low oxygen tensions, which are observed clinically in cases of severe hypoxia.
Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Tissue Infection: Preparation and Clinical Evaluation (2019)

The clinical application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely studied for its effects on trauma or injury repair/regeneration, however the antibacterial property of PRP has been overlooked. Increasing evidence suggests PRP as a good antibacterial agent and that it could help prevent/treat tissue infection. This review emphasizes the importance of PRP's antibacterial property and summarizes the preclinical and clinical findings regarding the application of PRP in the prevention and treatment of wound and bone infection. The use of biocompatible PRP may be advantageous for tissue infection treatment due to its inherent antibacterial and healing promoting properties.
A hybrid pressure cell of pyrophyllite and magnesium oxide to extend the pressure range for large volume cubic presses (2012)

A hybrid pressure cell of pyrophyllite and magnesium oxide (HPCPM) used in large volume cubic presses is presented. In the HPCPM, a cubic frame which is made of pyrophyllite with face-centered square holes works as gaskets, and a heteromorphosis magnesium oxide works as the pressure-transmitting medium. Our experimental results indicated that the pressure-generation efficiency using the HPCPM was improved by about 40% than that using the traditional pyrophyllite pressure cell without decreasing the anvil truncation size (without sacrificing the sample volume). The HPCPM could pressurize samples of 1000 mm3 volume up to about 8 GPa, which is significantly higher than that available using the traditional pressure cell, which reports a highest pressure of about 6 GPa.
Yersinia enterocolitica: an inducer of chronic inflammation. (1994)

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the connection between yersiniosis and chronic inflammation. During the period 1974-83, Yersinia enterocolitica infection was diagnosed in 458 hospitalized patients by antibody response, or isolation. The patients were followed for 4-14 years (1987); 160 were readmitted with chronic disease. Fifty-three patients had persistent joint complaints, 18 developed ankylosing spondylitis, 14 rheumatoid arthritis, and 17 iridocyclitis. Thirty-eight patients suffered from chronic abdominal pain, and another 28 from chronic diarrhoea. Two who underwent proctocolectomy microscopically had ulcerative colitis. Eleven patients developed neurological disease; others developed conditions such as chronic nephritis, thyroid disease, insulin-dependent diabetes, etc. Chronic hepatitis, found in 22 patients, was significantly correlated with positive test for antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor, and with death. Several patients developed chronic multiorgan disease, probably with chronic hepatitis as pivot. Regarding the whole material, the difference between observed and expected cumulative survival rates remained significant for 8 years (0.9189 < 0.9456; p < 0.025), indicating a substantial impact on long-term survival exerted by chronic yersiniosis.
Applied production geophysics using shear‐wave anisotropy: Production applications for the dipole shear imager and the multicomponent VSP (1994)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994Applied production geophysics using shear‐wave anisotropy: Production applications for the dipole shear imager and the multicomponent VSPAuthors: Klaas KosterMarty WilliamsCengiz EsmersoyJohn WalshKlaas KosterAmoco, Marty WilliamsAmoco, Cengiz EsmersoySchlumberger, and John WalshSchlumbergerhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1931950 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1931950FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byReferences14 March 2018References24 May 2016References21 March 2012Alford rotation, ray theory, and crossed‐dipole geometryJoe A. Dellinger, Bertram Nolte, and John T. Etgen7 February 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 66, No. 2 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1994 Pages: 1679 publication data© 1994 Copyright © 1994 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Klaas Koster, Marty Williams, Cengiz Esmersoy, and John Walsh, (1994), "Applied production geophysics using shear‐wave anisotropy: Production applications for the dipole shear imager and the multicomponent VSP," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 233-235. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1931950 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
MARs of Antigen Receptor and Co-Receptor Genes (1999)

MARs are cis-acting DNA sequences that function both negatively and positively in conjunction with transcriptional enhancers to regulate antigen receptor and co-receptor genes. Evidence exists that certain tissue-specific nuclear proteins are involved in this regulation, including SATB1, Bright, and Cux/CDP, possibly by modulating intranuclear gene location, histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and/or nucleosome positioning.
Evaluation of prevalence and clinical implications of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes in goats (2003)

Anthelmintic resistance in GINs of goats is highly prevalent in the southern United States. The high prevalence of resistance to multiple anthelmintics emphasizes the need for reexamination of nematode control practices.
SILAS: a knowledge-based simulation assistant (1991)

A knowledge-based shell for circuit simulation has been developed as a part of a design environment for analog circuits. This shell offers circuit-specific simulation support exploiting expert knowledge for dealing with problems like test function generation and simulation clustering. Furthermore, it provides worst-case analysis capabilities as well as automatic documentation facilities like data sheet generation and a design database. The prototype implementation, SILAS, has been realized as an expert system with blackboard architecture. Knowledge and knowledge execution are strictly separated to allow an easy extension of the incorporated knowledge bases. SILAS is organized as a simulation assistant, which means the user may specify a specific task by a work plan while the task organization and control are taken over by the system. Application areas are all domains which require automated circuit characterization such as synthesis or cell library maintenance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel approach for the preparation of metal colloid monolayers on modified surfaces (1996)

The morphology of Au colloid monolayers on modified silicon oxide surfaces (glass, silicon wafer, and ITO slides) has been studied. These monolayers were prepared by a new method described here. We also demonstrate several applications of this colloid monolayer surface. The preparation route creates a rough metal surface, the morphology of which can be easily controlled. The colloid monolayers are prepared in two steps: (1) modification of the substrates with starburst dendrimers; (2) noble metal colloid deposition onto the dendrimer layer. Au particles of approximately 28 nm in diameter were deposited onto the dendrimer-modified surfaces. The spontaneous adsorption of the dendrimers to the silicon oxide surface was proven by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, and grazing angle Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thickness of the dendrimer layer has been calculated to be in the range of d=14–25 Å. The structure and properties of the resulting particle arrangement have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet (UV-vis) spectroscopy. AFM data show that the colloids spontaneously form continuous films on the dendrimer-modified surfaces. The noble metal particles are well isolated, confined to a single layer, and aggregation does not occur on the surface. UV-vis spectroscopic data show that the microstructure controls the optical properties of the layer. The article demonstrates the practical applications of this rough metal surface as a platform for surface-enhanced Raman scattering and electrochemistry.
General base catalysis in a glutamine for histidine mutant at position 51 of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase (1991)

On the basis of the three-dimensional structure of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase determined by X-ray crystallography, His 51 has been proposed to act as a general base during catalysis by abstracting a proton from the alcohol substrate. A hydrogen-bonding system (proton relay system) connecting the alcohol substrate and His 51 has been proposed to mediate proton transfer. We have mutated His 51 to Gln in the homologous human liver beta 1 beta 1 alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme which is expected to have a similar proton relay system. The mutation resulted in an about 6-fold drop in V/Kb (Vmax for ethanol oxidation divided by Km for ethanol) at pH 7.0 and a 12-fold drop at pH 6.5. V/Kb could be restored completely or partially by the presence of high concentrations of glycylglycine, glycine, and phosphate buffers. A Brønsted plot of the effect on V/Kb versus the pKa of these bases plus H2O and OH- was linear. Only secondary or tertiary amine buffers differed from linearity, presumably due to steric hindrance. These results suggest that His 51 acts as a general base catalyst during alcohol oxidation in the wild-type enzyme and can be functionally replaced in the mutant enzyme by general base catalysts present in the solvent. Steady-state kinetic constants for NAD+ and the trifluoroethanol inhibition patterns were similar between the wild-type and the mutant enzyme. Differences in the inhibition constants (Ki) of caprate and trifluoroethanol below pH 7.8 and in the pH dependence of Ki can be explained by the substitution of neutral Gln for positively charged His.
Reduction in social anxiety after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with autistic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study (2018)

clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT02008396.
Complexity of Generating Mouse Models to Study the Upper Motor Neurons: Let Us Shift Focus from Mice to Neurons (2019)

Motor neuron circuitry is one of the most elaborate circuitries in our body, which ensures voluntary and skilled movement that requires cognitive input. Therefore, both the cortex and the spinal cord are involved. The cortex has special importance for motor neuron diseases, in which initiation and modulation of voluntary movement is affected. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is defined by the progressive degeneration of both the upper and lower motor neurons, whereas hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) are characterized mainly by the loss of upper motor neurons. In an effort to reveal the cellular and molecular basis of neuronal degeneration, numerous model systems are generated, and mouse models are no exception. However, there are many different levels of complexities that need to be considered when developing mouse models. Here, we focus our attention to the upper motor neurons, which are one of the most challenging neuron populations to study. Since mice and human differ greatly at a species level, but the cells/neurons in mice and human share many common aspects of cell biology, we offer a solution by focusing our attention to the affected neurons to reveal the complexities of diseases at a cellular level and to improve translational efforts.
Energy balance and pulsatile LH secretion in early postpartum dairy cattle (1990)

The relationships between energy balance (EB), pulsatile LH secretion and circulating levels of insulin and various energy metabolites were assessed in ten lactating Holstein cows. Cows were blood sampled every 12 min via indwelling jugular catheters for 8 hr twice weekly beginning in the first week postpartum (PP) through first ovulation (1stOV). Days to negative EB nadir and days to 1stOV were highly correlated (P less than .02). LH pulse frequency (P less than .01), LH baseline (P less than .05) and mean LH (P less than .1) increased, while LH pulse amplitude tended to decrease when comparing the frequent sampling series immediately before and after the negative EB nadir. Plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA, r = -.40, P less than .01), insulin (r = .38, P less than .01), glucose (r = .31, P less than .01) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (r = .19, P less than .06) were correlated with EB. For within animal comparisons, NEFA was significantly correlated (r = -.44 to -.89, P less than .05) with EB in 8 of 10 cows, but no other correlations were significant. Additionally, none of the metabolites nor insulin were significant in multiple regression models for 1stOV. Therefore, it appears that pulsatile LH secretion is suppressed until the negative EB nadir is reached, at which time LH pulse frequency increases stimulating 1stOV. Since NEFA and EB are directly related, NEFA may serve as a peripheral signal of EB to the central nervous system.
Charged particle multi-beam lithography evaluations for sub-16nm hp mask node fabrication and wafer direct write (2009)

A detailed evaluation study has been performed with respect to the suitability of projection electron and ion multi-beam lithography for the fabrication of leading-edge complex masks. The study includes recent results as obtained with electron and ion multi-beam proof-of-concept systems with 200x reduction projection optics where patterns are generated on substrates using a programmable aperture plate system (APS) with integrated CMOS electronics, generating several thousands of well defined beams in parallel. A comparison of electron and ion projection multi-beam writing is provided, in particular with respect to the suitability to expose non-chemically amplified resist (non-CAR) materials. The extendibility of projection multi-beam technologies for 16nm hp, 11nm hp and 8nm hp mask nodes is discussed as well as for wafer direct write for 22nm hp and below.
Agent-Based Simulations of Blockchain protocols illustrated via Kadena’s Chainweb (2019)

While many distributed consensus protocols provide robust liveness and consistency guarantees under the presence of malicious actors, quantitative estimates of how economic incentives affect security are few and far between. In this paper, we describe a system for simulating how adversarial agents, both economically rational and Byzantine, interact with a blockchain protocol. This system provides statistical estimates for the economic difficulty of an attack and how the presence of certain actors influences protocol-level statistics, such as the expected time to regain liveness. This simulation system is influenced by the design of algorithmic trading and reinforcement learning systems that use explicit modeling of an agent's reward mechanism to evaluate and optimize a fully autonomous agent. We implement and apply this simulation framework to Kadena's Chainweb, a parallelized Proof-of-Work system, that contains complexity in how miner incentive compliance affects security and censorship resistance. We provide the first formal description of Chainweb that is in the literature and use this formal description to motivate our simulation design. Our simulation results include a phase transition in block height growth rate as a function of shard connectivity and empirical evidence that censorship in Chainweb is too costly for rational miners to engage in. We conclude with an outlook on how simulation can guide and optimize protocol development in a variety of contexts, including Proof-of-Stake parameter optimization and peer-to-peer networking design.