gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies against Human Fragment D-Dimer of Cross-Linked Fibrin to Human Plasma Clots in an In Vivo Model in Rabbits (1989)

Summary Two (MA-15C5 and MA-8D3) out of approximately 500 monoclonal antibodies, obtained by fusion of P3X63-Ag8-6.5.3 myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with purified fragment D-dimer from human fibrin, demonstrated a more than 1,000-fold higher affinity for fragment D-dimer than for native fibrinogen. MA-15C5 was directed against a neoantigenic determinant only expressed in fragment D-dimer. MA-8D3 reacted equally well with fragment D-dimer of crosslinked fibrin and with fragment D of non-crosslinked fibrin but not with fragment D of fibrinogen. Both monoclonal antibodies did not crossreact with rabbit fibrin and its degradation products. The binding of 125I-labeled Fab fragments to human plasma clots, introduced and aged for 1 hr in the jugular vein of heparinized rabbits was studied. Following injection of an equimolar mixture of Fab fragments derived from MA-15C5 and MA-8D3, the clot to blood ratios of radioactivity increased from 3.2 ± 1.2(mean ± SD) at 4 hr to 7.2 ± 1.4 at 17 hr. The binding of Fab fragments of MA-15C5 and MA-8D3 was independent of the age (1 to 72hrs) of the clot and of heparin anticoagulation and was only slightly decreased (by 20%) in the presence of circulating human fibrinogen (90 mg/kg body weight) and of human crosslinked fibrin degradation products at a plasma concentration of 10 pg/ml. The binding of Fab fragments of MA-15C5 and MA-8D3 to occlusive human plasma clots in the femoral artery of rabbits was comparable to that of the non-occlusive human plasma clots in the jugular vein. The Fab fragments of MA-15C5 and MA-8D3, labeled with 123I to a specific activity of 10 μCi/pg were injected intravenously (3 μg/kg) in 72 rabbits with a nonocclusive 0.2 ml human plasma clot in the jugular vein and in 7 control rabbits that underwent the surgical procedure without clot formation. Total body scans performed at hourly intervals revealed a higher relative increase in gamma counts over the thrombus region in the group with thrombus as compared to controls: at 6 hr 54 ± 18 vs 16 ± 13% (mean ± SEM, p <0.1) and at12 hrs 35 ± 11 vs –7 ± 12 (p <0.05). The vein segment to blood ratios of 123I at 24 hrs were 6.6 ± 2.4 in the group with clot and 1.5 to 0.7 in the control group (p <0.01). We conclude that these Fab fragments may have a sufficiently high fibrin-affinity to allow in vivo thrombus localization by external scanning.
Cloning and Characterization of Sialidases with 2-6′ and 2-3′ Sialyl Lactose Specificity from <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> (2000)

Pasteurella multocida is a mucosal pathogen that colonizes the respiratory system of susceptible hosts. Most isolates of P. multocida produce sialidase activity, which may contribute to colonization of the respiratory tract or the production of lesions in an active infection. We have cloned and sequenced a sialidase gene, nanH, from a fowl cholera isolate of P. multocida. Sequence analysis of NanH revealed that it exhibited significant amino acid sequence homology with many microbial sialidases. Insertional inactivation of nanH resulted in a mutant strain that was not deficient in sialidase production. However, this mutant exhibited reduced enzyme activity and growth rate on 2-3' sialyl lactose compared to the wild type. Subsequently, we demonstrated the presence of two sialidases by cloning another sialidase gene that differed from nanH in DNA sequence and substrate specificity. NanB demonstrated activity on both 2-3' and 2-6' sialyl lactose, while NanH demonstrated activity only on 2-3' sialyl lactose. Neither enzyme liberated sialic acid from colominic acid (2-8' sialyl lactose). Recombinant E. coli containing the sialidase genes were able to utilize several sialoconjugants when they were provided as sole carbon sources in minimal medium. These data suggest that sialidases have a nutritional function and may contribute to the ability of P. multocida to colonize and persist on vertebrate mucosal surfaces.
Current Measurement in Digitally Controlled AC Drives (2000)

In this article, the current-sampling error has been investigated in the field-oriented control of an AC machine by a PWM inverter. The expression of the harmonic current due to a low-pass filter has been studied analytically from the reference voltage vector in the SVPWM strategy. The fundamental components of the current-sampling error causes improper torque regulation while the high-frequency ripple of the error introduces permissible gain of the current regulators with a resultant impairment in dynamic behavior and limited stability range of the control systems. It has been proposed that the magnitude and phase error from the filter can be avoided with delayed sampling. The effectiveness of the delayed sampling was verified through simulations and experimental results including steady state and dynamic responses.
Bax Forms an Oligomer via Separate, Yet Interdependent, Surfaces (2010)

Interactions of Bcl-2 family proteins regulate permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane and apoptosis. In particular, Bax forms an oligomer that permeabilizes the membrane. To map the interface of the Bax oligomer we used Triton X-100 as a membrane surrogate and performed site-specific photocross-linking. Bax-specific adducts were formed through photo-reactive probes at multiple sites that can be grouped into two surfaces. The first surface overlaps with the BH1-3 groove formed by Bcl-2 Homology motif 1, 2, and 3; the second surface is a rear pocket located on the opposite side of the protein from the BH1-3 groove. Further cross-linking experiments using Bax BH3 peptides and mutants demonstrated that the two surfaces interact with their counterparts in neighboring proteins to form two separated interfaces and that interaction at the BH1-3 groove primes the rear pocket for further interaction. Therefore, Bax oligomerization proceeds through a series of interactions that occur at separate, yet allosterically, coupled interfaces.
Effect of Black Tea Theaflavins on 12-<i>O</i>-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-Induced Inflammation (2006)

We have examined the effects of black tea constituents, theaflavin mixture (TFs), on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation, up-expression of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein levels and formation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ) levels in ears of CD-1 mouse as well as on spontaneous colorectal carcinogenesis in Min (Apc+/-) mice. Two doses of TFs, 0.18 and 0.71 mg, were topically applied to mice ears twice a day for 3.5 days (7 treatments) 20 mins prior to each TPA (0.4 nmol) treatment. These doses of TFs inhibited TPA-induced a) inflammation by 74 and 97%, b) up-expression of IL-1β protein levels by 93 and 99%, and c) up-expression of IL-6 protein levels by 58 and 99%, respectively. In these experiments, TFs (0.18 mg or 0.71 mg) also inhibited TPA induced formation of PGE2 by 27-100% and LTB4 by 92-100%. In addition, oral administration of 0.2% or 0.4% TFs (28%) enriched black tea extract in drinking water as sole source of drinking fluid to female Min (Apc+/-) mice for 10 weeks inhibited the formation of the numbers of colorectal tumors per mouse by 39 or 29%, respectively. The percentage of mice bearing colorectal tumors was also inhibited by 39 or 29%, respectively. Furthermore, in these mice there was a reduction in the formation of the number of small intestinal tumors per mouse by 39 or 29% respectively.
Studies of vitamin D (calciferol) and its analogs. 34. Potential inhibitors of vitamin D metabolism: an oxa analog of vitamin D (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of vitamin D (calciferol) and its analogs. 34. Potential inhibitors of vitamin D metabolism: an oxa analog of vitamin DSheri A. Barrack, Richard A. Gibbs, and William H. OkamuraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 8, 1790–1796Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00243a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00243a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views556Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Sporicidal/Bactericidal Textiles via the Chlorination of Silk (2012)

Bacterial spores, such as those of the Bacillus genus, are extremely resilient, being able to germinate into metabolically active cells after withstanding harsh environmental conditions or aggressive chemical treatments. The toughness of the bacterial spore in combination with the use of spores, such as those of Bacillus anthracis, as a biological warfare agent necessitates the development of new antimicrobial textiles. In this work, a route to the production of fabrics that kill bacterial spores and cells within minutes of exposure is described. Utilizing this facile process, unmodified silk cloth is reacted with a diluted bleach solution, rinsed with water, and dried. The chlorination of silk was explored under basic (pH 11) and slightly acidic (pH 5) conditions. Chloramine-silk textiles prepared in acidified bleach solutions were found to have superior breaking strength and higher oxidative Cl contents than those prepared under caustic conditions. Silk cloth chlorinated for ≥1 h at pH 5 was determined to induce >99.99996% reduction in the colony forming units of Escherichia coli, as well as Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam (B. anthracis simulant) spores and cells within 10 min of contact. The processing conditions presented for silk fabric in this study are highly expeditionary, allowing for the on-site production of protein-based antimicrobial materials from a variety of agriculturally produced feed-stocks.
Age-Related Risk Profile and Chemotherapy Dose Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Study by the German Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cooperative Group (2008)

Under harmonized conditions, older and younger patients with AML show modest differences in their risk profiles and equally no dose response to intensified chemotherapy. Their observed fundamental difference in outcome across all subgroups remains unexplained. Further molecular investigation may elucidate the age effect in AML and identify new targets.
Hidden antennas for vehicles (2002)

The introduction of new telematics and broadcast systems into vehicles has led to a requirement for multiple antennas that can be hidden from view. This paper commences by presenting the results of simulations to identify the components of a car's structure that influence the radiation pattern of a printed VHF antenna on the rear windscreen. Two dual-band antenna designs are then presented for operation in the 900 and 1800 MHz telephone bands. The first is a planar inverted-F antenna that can be concealed in the bumpers, the second a hybrid structure based on the top-loaded monopole principle and mounted beneath the vehicle's roof.
Iteration bounds of single-rate data flow graphs for concurrent processing (1993)

Single-rate data flow graphs (DFGs) are often used for modeling iterative concurrent activities. A DFG and its iteration bound are equivalent to a marked graph and cycle time of a Petri net, respectively. Ramamoorthy and Ho (1980) developed an efficient algorithm for checking the minimum cycle time against a predetermined performance requirement. This work presents a systematic procedure to find the iteration bound and the critical loop with time complexity O(n/sup 3/ log n) (n being the number of nodes), memory requirements of O(n/sup 2/), and subcritical loops with time complexity O(n/sup 3/). The next-critical loops are also studied because they may become the new critical loop if the look-ahead technique is used. The above procedure has been implemented in the C programming language which interfaces with a Petri net X-window tool to display the performance results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Various Physical/Chemical Properties on the Transdermal Delivery of Cyclosporin Through Topical Application (1997)

The pulpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of (A) skin stripping (B) trans-dermal enhancer and (C) iontophoresis, on the in vitro transdermal delivery of cyclosporin. An in vitro transdermal study through hairless mouse skin using a selected cyclosporin topical formulation was also conducted. Results show that the permeation coeflcient of cyclosporin was increased as the skins were stripped more times. Among the transdermal enhancers, azone, salicyclic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium lauryl sulfate and Tween 20; azone, and dimethyl sulfoxide were found to significantly increase the cyclosporin delivery; while salicylic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate and Tween 20 had no apparent effects. In further studies to define the optimum concentration of the above enhancers, the greatest effect was determined to be 1% for azone and 5% for dimethyl sulf oxide. Constant voltage iontophoresis was proven to be effective in enhancing the cyclosporin transdermal delivery. Data show that an increase in the permeability was observed when the voltage was increased from 1 to 7 V. The results of in vivo topical application of a selected cyclosporin formulation to hairless muse skin indicate that both blood and skin concentration reached maximum at about 36 hr after application, and that the cyclosporin concentration in the skin was constantly higher (10 times at the peak maximum) than its corresponding blood concentration at the same time intervals
On optimal permutation codes (2001)

Permutation codes are vector quantizers whose codewords are related by permutations and, in one variant, sign changes. Asymptotically, as the vector dimension grows, optimal Variant I permutation code design is identical to optimal entropy-constrained scalar quantizer (ECSQ) design. However, contradicting intuition and previously published assertions, there are finite block length permutation codes that perform better than the best ones with asymptotically large length; thus, there are Variant I permutation codes whose performances cannot be matched by any ECSQ. Along similar lines, a new asymptotic relation between Variant I and Variant II permutation codes is established but again demonstrated to not necessarily predict the performances of short codes. Simple expressions for permutation code performance are found for memoryless uniform and Laplacian sources. The uniform source yields the aforementioned counterexamples.
Tissue and serum c-erbB-2 and tissue EGFR in breast carcinoma: three years follow-up. (1997)

Amplification of erbB-1 and c-erbB-2 genes has been shown in human breast cancer. Expression of these protooncogenes results in production of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-erbB-2. Both are transmembrane receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Recent data have indicated that the external domain of c-erbB-2 is shed into the culture supernatant of certain breast cancer cell lines and sera of breast cancer patients. A body of literature has shown that the overexpression of these receptors in malignant tissue and c-erbB-2 when shed into serum is associated with bad prognosis. In the present work, tissue EGFR and c-erbB-2 were determined in the membrane fractions of histopathologically verified malignant and normal tissues from the same breast of 94 patients. These values were also determined in 48 tissue specimens of benign mastopathies. Serum c-erbB-2 was quantified in breast cancer patients (n = 105), patients with benign breast disease (n = 48) and 30 apparently healthy women as controls. Patients were followed up by determination of serum c-erbB-2 for one year and clinically for three years to detect any distant metastasis or recurrence. The levels of tissue and serum c-erbB-2 and Estrogen receptors were significantly higher in the carcinomas and sera of breast cancer patients than benign breast diseases or normal controls. Follow-up, although short, of pre-operative serum c-erbB-2 showed a prognostic value (P = 0.007) better than that of tumor size (P = 0.04), EGFR (P = 0.18), nodal involvement (P = 0.25) and tissue c-erbB-2 (P = 0.85). The shedding of soluble fragments of c-erbB-2 into the serum seems to be a characteristic of the potentially malignant cell. The EGFR mean level, however, was significantly lower in malignant tissues than benign and normal ones. A new definition of EGFR status was developed. Accordingly, the recurrence of the disease was more frequent among patients with negative EGFR. The present work did not reveal any correlation between tissue, serum c-erbB-2 or EGFR on one hand and age, menopausal status, stage, histological type and grade of carcinomas and nodal involvement on the other hand. The present work showed an inverse correlation between estrogen receptor level and level of EGFR in malignant tissues.
Analysis and avoidance of cross-talk in on-chip buses (2002)

We present techniques to analyze and alleviate cross-talk in on-chip buses. With rapidly shrinking process feature sizes, wire delay is becoming a large fraction of the overall delay of a circuit. Additionally, the increasing cross-coupling capacitances between wires on the same metal layer create a situation where the delay of a wire is strongly dependent on the electrical state of its neighboring wires. The delay of a wire can vary widely depending on whether its neighbors perform a like or unlike transition. This effect is acute for long on-chip buses. In this work, we classify cross-talk interactions between the wires of an on-chip bus. We present encoding techniques which can help a designer trade off cross-talk against area overhead. Our experimental results show that the proposed techniques result in reduced delay variation due to cross-talk. As a result, the overall delay of a bus actually decreases even after the use of the encoding scheme.
Disulfiram, a Clinically Used Anti-Alcoholism Drug and Copper-Binding Agent, Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cultures and Xenografts via Inhibition of the Proteasome Activity (2006)

Disulfiram (DSF), a member of the dithiocarbamate family capable of binding copper and an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, is currently being used clinically for the treatment of alcoholism. Recent studies have suggested that DSF may have antitumor and chemosensitizing activities, although the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Copper has been shown to be essential for tumor angiogenesis processes. Consistently, high serum and tissue levels of copper have been found in many types of human cancers, including breast, prostate, and brain, supporting the idea that copper could be used as a potential tumor-specific target. Here we report that the DSF-copper complex potently inhibits the proteasomal activity in cultured breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF10DCIS.com cells, but not normal, immortalized MCF-10A cells, before induction of apoptotic cancer cell death. Furthermore, MDA-MB-231 cells that contain copper at concentrations similar to those found in patients, when treated with just DSF, undergo proteasome inhibition and apoptosis. In addition, when administered to mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts, DSF significantly inhibited the tumor growth (by 74%), associated with in vivo proteasome inhibition (as measured by decreased levels of tumor tissue proteasome activity and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and natural proteasome substrates p27 and Bax) and apoptosis induction (as shown by caspase activation and apoptotic nuclei formation). Our study shows that inhibition of the proteasomal activity can be achieved by targeting tumor cellular copper with the nontoxic compound DSF, resulting in selective apoptosis induction within tumor cells.
Comparison of Ketamine and Dextromethorphan in Potentiating the Antinociceptive Effect of Morphine in Rats (1998)

We compared the efficacy of two clinically available drugs with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist properties, dextromethorphan and ketamine, in potentiating morphine-induced antinociception. Ketamine alone at 0.3-3 mg/kg had no effect on the hot plate test and at 10 mg/kg caused sedation/motor deficits. The antinociceptive effect of 5 mg/kg morphine was slightly enhanced by 1 mg/kg, but not 0.3 or 3 mg/kg, ketamine. Dextromethorphan alone at 45 mg/kg had no effect, but at 60 mg/kg caused sedation/motor deficit. At 15-45 mg/kg, dextromethorphan significantly and dose-dependently increased the magnitude and duration of morphine-induced antinociception. Dextromethorphan also potentiated morphine at doses that, by themselves, did not cause antinociception (1-2 mg/kg). Implications: Dextromethorphan was more effective than ketamine in potentiating morphine-induced antinociception. Dextromethorphan may thus be the drug of choice for testing the interactions between N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists and morphine clinically. (Anesth Analg 1998;86:825-9)
Reduced parasitic capacitances analysis of nanoscale vertical MOSFET (2010)

Quantitative comparison analysis was made between standard vertical MOSFET, vertical MOSFET with FILOX (Fillet Local Oxidation) and vertical MOSFET that combine ORI (Oblique Rotating Implantation) and FILOX technology. Due to a very thin gate oxide separated the gate track and source/drain electrode in standard vertical MOSFET, tremendous increase effects of gate-to-drain and gate-to-source parasitic capacitances was observed. The FILOX device was found to have a lower gate-to-source capacitance compared to FILOX + ORI device due to titled implants used in ORI for self-aligned S/D region formation and SCE control. Thus, thicker oxide on the top and bottom of silicon pillar or so-called FILOX structure has significantly reduce the intrinsic gate capacitance. However, with the addition of titled implants in FILOX + ORI device, the gate-to-drain capacitance has been significantly reduced while has a small difference (10 - 15%) of reducing gate-to-source capacitance as compared to FILOX device. Therefore, the addition of ORI method can suppress the effect of intrinsic gate capacitances and deliberately control the SCE with the self-aligned S/D region onto silicon pillar as scaling the device into nanometer realm.