gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MAdCAM‐1 is needed for diabetes development mediated by the T cell clone, BDC‐2·5 (2005)

The NOD-derived islet-reactive CD4(+) T cell clone, BDC-2.5, is able to transfer diabetes to neonatal non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice but is unable to transfer disease to either adult NOD or NOD scid recipients. Transfer of diabetes to adult recipients by BDC-2.5 is only accomplished by cotransfer of CD8(+) T cells from a diabetic donor. To understand why this CD4(+) T cell clone is able to mediate diabetes in neonatal but not the adult recipients we examined the ability of the clone to traffic in the different recipients. Our studies showed that MAdCAM-1 has a very different expression pattern in the neonatal and adult pancreas. Blockade of this addressin prevents the clone from transferring diabetes to neonatal mice, suggesting that the differential pancreatic expression of MAdCAM-1 in neonatal and adult pancreas provides an explanation of the differences in diabetes development.
The theory of the formation of protective oxide films on metals.—III (1947)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Standardization of high‐resolution flow cytometric DNA analysis by the simultaneous use of chicken and trout red blood cells as internal reference standards (1983)

Determination of nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry requires comparison with a reference standard. The use of external standards such as lymphocytes or granulocytes is time-consuming and inaccurate. Chicken red blood cells (CRBC) have a DNA content of 35% of the human diploid value and have been widely used as internal standard. The ratio calculated on the basis of the peak channel numbers of the standard and the sample and used to indicate the DNA content (DNA ratio) is, however, very sensitive to changes in the zero level adjustment of the flow cytometer. If two internal standards are used the DNA ratio becomes independent of the zero level. Rainbow trout red blood cells (TRBC) have a DNA content of 80% of human diploid cells. A mixture of CRBC and TRBC was prepared and stored in small aliquots at -80 degrees C. This mixture was added to the sample before staining. The day-to-day variation of the DNA ratio obtained by use of the two standards was smaller than that obtained by CRBC alone. The possibility of sex related differences in DNA content of CRBC and TRBC was examined. The results indicated that a new batch of standards should be tested against the old batch to avoid the introduction of a systematic error.
A Dlx2- and Pax6-Dependent Transcriptional Code for Periglomerular Neuron Specification in the Adult Olfactory Bulb (2008)

Distinct olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons are thought to become specified depending on from which of the different subregions lining the lateral ventricle wall they originate, but the role of region-specific transcription factors (TFs) in the generation of OB interneurons diversity is still poorly understood. Despite the crucial roles of the Dlx family of TFs for patterning and neurogenesis in the ventral telencephalon during embryonic development, their role in adult neurogenesis has not yet been addressed. Here we show that in the adult brain, Dlx 1 and Dlx2 are expressed in progenitors of the lateral but not the dorsal subependymal zone (SEZ), thus exhibiting a striking regional specificity. Using retroviral vectors to examine the function of Dlx2 in a cell-autonomous manner, we demonstrate that this TF is necessary for neurogenesis of virtually all OB interneurons arising from the lateral SEZ. Beyond its function in generic neurogenesis, Dlx2 also plays a crucial role in neuronal subtype specification in the OB, promoting specification of adult-born periglomerular neurons (PGNs) toward a dopaminergic fate. Strikingly, Dlx2 requires interaction with Pax6, because Pax6 deletion blocks Dlx2-mediated PGN specification. Thus, Dlx2 wields a dual function by first instructing generic neurogenesis from adult precursors and subsequently specifying PGN subtypes in conjunction with Pax6.
Denitrobacterium detoxificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a ruminal bacterium that respires on nitrocompounds. (2000)

A new group of anaerobic, Gram-positive, high G + C (56-60 mol%) bacteria was isolated from the bovine rumen. Of four strains characterized, all were non-motile and none produced spores. The isolates did not produce indole or H2S and did not hydrolyse gelatin. Cells of each strain exhibited similar rod-shaped morphology (0.5-1.0 x 1.0-1.5 microns) although bulbous ends were sometimes present. None of the four strains were able to grow via oxidation of a variety of potentially fermentable substrates but rather obtained energy for growth via anaerobic respiration processes, oxidizing hydrogen, formate or lactate for reduction of various oxidized nitrogen compounds. Trimethylamine oxide and DMSO were also used as electron acceptor. All four strains shared greater than 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. The closest match found between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of all four strains, NPOH1T, NPOH2, NPOH3 and MAJ1, to sequences available in GenBank was that of Coriobacterium glomerans (86% sequence similarity), a phenotypically dissimilar anaerobe within the class Actinobacteria. To accommodate these bacteria the creation of a new genus and species, Denitrobacterium detoxificans, for placement within the family Coriobacteriaceae is proposed. The type strain, NPOH1T (ATCC 700546T), grew equally well over a narrow range of incubation temperatures tested (32-39 degrees C).
TREC-4 Ad-Hoc, routing retrieval and filtering experiments using PIRCS (1995)

Our ad-hoc submissions are pircs1 which is fully automatic, and pircs2 which involves manually weighting some terms and adding some new words to the original topic descriptions. The number of words added are minimal. Both methods involve training and query expansion using the best-ranked subdocuments from an initial retrieval as feedback. For our routing experiments we make use of massive query expansion of 350 terms in pircsL, with emphasis on expansion with low frequency terms. Training is done using short and top-ranked known relevant subdocuments. In pircsC, we define four different &apos;expert&apos; queries (pircsL being one of them) for each topic by using different subsets of training document, and later combine their retrieval results into one. Filtering experiment is done with the retrieval lists of pircsL. For each query, we use the training collections to define retrieval status values (RSVs) where the utilities are maximum for the three precision types. These RSVs are then used as t...
A yeast-like mRNA capping apparatus in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2001)

Analysis of the mRNA capping apparatus of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum illuminates an evolutionary connection to fungi rather than metazoans. We show that P. falciparum encodes separate RNA guanylyltransferase (Pgt1) and RNA triphosphatase (Prt1) enzymes and that the triphosphatase component is a member of the fungal/viral family of metal-dependent phosphohydrolases, which are structurally and mechanistically unrelated to the cysteine-phosphatase-type RNA triphosphatases found in metazoans and plants. These results highlight the potential for discovery of mechanism-based antimalarial drugs designed to specifically block the capping of Plasmodium mRNAs. A simple heuristic scheme of eukaryotic phylogeny is suggested based on the structure and physical linkage of the triphosphatase and guanylyltransferase enzymes that catalyze cap formation.
Thermal and Chemical Expansion of Sr-Doped Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide (La<sub>1</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>CoO<sub>3</sub><sub>-</sub><sub>δ</sub>) (2005)

The equilibrium thermal expansivity (βT) and oxygen-vacancy chemical expansivity (βC) of polycrystalline La1-xSrxCoO3-δ (LSC; x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.7) have been measured at 600 °C < T < 900 °C and 10-4 atm < PO2 < 0.21 atm using controlled-atmosphere dilatometry. These measurements show only a moderate dependence of βT on temperature, suggesting that increases often observed in the coefficient of thermal expansion when measured at constant PO2 are primarily thermally induced chemical expansion associated with changes in oxygen stoichiometry. The dependences of βT and βC on the temperature, oxygen-vacancy concentration, and Sr content (x) were characterized and found to follow a consistent nonlinear trend, which may result from the relaxation of lattice strain with increasing defect concentration. A slowly relaxing secondary expansion effect (and/or expansion hysteresis) was also discovered. Possible causes of this behavior, including phase transition/segregation at high vacancy concentration, are discussed.
[Quantitative relationship between molecular structure of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and enthalpy change (deltaH), entropy change (deltaS') in chromatographic process]. (2005)

The relationship between the rule of chromatographic retention value and molecular structure is an important part in the research of chromatographic thermodynamics. The topological index structural parameter JG and the topological index adjoining parameter LJ are put forward. Parameter J(G) describes the correlation of quantity and position of chlorine atoms in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) molecules. Parameter L(J) describes the ortho-position correlation of chlorine atoms in PCB molecules. The relational expression between the PCB molecular structures and their enthalpy change (deltaH), entropy change (deltaS') in chromatographic process was discovered. The values of enthalpy change and entropy change for about 140 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls in chromatographic process on three stationary phases, DB-1, DB-5 and DB-1701, were determined. In comparison with deltaH and deltaS' of the experimental data those calculated from the relational expression had the average relative deviations for deltaH and deltaS' are 0.56% -0.97% and 0.55% - 1.06%, respectively.
Recent Progress on Printed Flexible Batteries: Mechanical Challenges, Printing Technologies, and Future Prospects (2015)

Abstract Traditional printing methods offer the advantage of well‐matured technology, high accuracy of depositing inks over flexible substrates at high web speeds, and low cost of fabrication. The components of a battery—the current collectors, active layers, and separator—can all be deposited using conventional printing techniques by designing suitable inks. A combination of low thickness of printed electrodes, flexible packaging, battery architecture, and material properties makes printed batteries flexible. In this paper, we will discuss material challenges and mechanical limits of flexible printed batteries. We will review several printing techniques and present examples of batteries printed using these methods. In addition, we will briefly discuss other novel non‐printed compliant batteries that have unique mechanical form.
Rearrangements in unintegrated retroviral DNA are complex and are the result of multiple genetic determinants (1990)

We used a replication-competent retrovirus shuttle vector based on a DNA clone of the Schmidt-Ruppin A strain of Rous sarcoma virus to characterize rearrangements in circular viral DNA. In this system, circular molecules of viral DNA present after acute infection of cultured cells were cloned as plasmids directly into bacteria. The use of a replication-competent shuttle vector permitted convenient isolation of a large number of viral DNA clones; in this study, over 1,000 clones were analyzed. The circular DNA molecules could be placed into a limited number of categories. Approximately one-third of the rescued molecules had deletions in which one boundary was very near the edge of a long terminal repeat (LTR) unit. Subtle differences in the patterns of deletions in circular DNAs with one versus two copies of the LTR sequence were observed, and differences between deletions emanating from the right and left boundaries of the LTR were seen. A virus with a missense mutation in the region of the pol gene responsible for integration and exhibiting a temperature sensitivity phenotype for replication had a marked decrease in the number of rescued molecules with LTR-associated deletions when infection was performed at the nonpermissive temperature. This result suggests that determinants in the pol gene, possibly in the integration protein, play a role in the generation of LTR-associated deletions. Sequences in a second region of the genome, probably within the viral gag gene, were also found to affect the types of circular viral DNA molecules present after infection. Sequences in this region from different strains of avian sarcoma-leukosis viruses influenced the fraction of circular molecules with LTR-associated deletions, as well as the relative proportion of circular molecules with either one or two copies of the LTR. Thus, the profile of rearrangements in unintegrated viral DNA is complex and dependent upon the nature of sequences in the gag and pol regions.
Generalized View‐Dependent Simplification (1999)

We propose a technique for performing view‐dependent geometry and topology simplifications for level‐of‐detail‐based renderings of large models. The algorithm proceeds by preprocessing the input dataset into a binary tree, the view‐dependence tree of general vertex‐pair collapses. A subset of the Delaunay edges is used to limit the number of vertex pairs considered for topology simplification. Dependencies to avoid mesh foldovers in manifold regions of the input object are stored in the view‐dependence tree in an implicit fashion. We have observed that this not only reduces the space requirements by a factor of two, it also highly localizes the memory accesses at run time. The view‐dependence tree is used at run time to generate the triangles for display. We also propose a cubic‐spline‐based distance metric that can be used to unify the geometry and topology simplifications by considering the vertex positions and normals in an integrated manner.
ENZYMATIC INACTIVATION OF PEPTIDE HORMONES POSSESSING A C-TERMINAL AMIDE GROUP (1969)

A partially purified enzyme extracted from the bladder of the toad, Bufo marinus L., was found to cleave the glycine amide moiety from oxytocin, 8-lysine-vasopressin, 8-arginine-vasopressin, and other hormone analogs terminating in a primary carboxamide group; however, this enzyme does not attack hormone analogs terminating with a methylamide, dimethylamide, or carboxyl group. Preliminary experiments indicate that a functionally similar enzyme is also present in the mammalian kidney, the major target organ of neurohypophyseal antidiuretic hormones. This enzyme, besides inactivating oxytocin and 8-lysine-vasopressin, also cleaves the phenylalanine amide moiety from a tetrapeptide analog of gastrin, another hormone terminating in a primary carboxamide group. Attention is drawn to the possible general significance of "carboxamidopeptidases" for the termination of the action of peptide hormones in which the C-terminal amino acid residue bears a carboxamide group.
White balance by tunable spectral responsivities (2009)

The development of color pixels in modern digital imaging has led to devices in which color detection is not based on the use of physical color filters but relies on the wavelength dependence of the silicon absorption coefficient in the visible range. In some of these devices the responsivity of each color channel can be electrically tuned by changing the applied voltages. Exploiting this feature, this paper presents a new method of white balance that compensates for changes in the illuminant spectrum by changing accordingly the spectral responsivities, and therefore the native color space, of the detector. Different sets of responsivities corresponding to the different RGB color channels can be selected, depending on the illuminant, in order to keep the chromatic components of a white object independent of the illuminant. An implementation of this method with the transverse field detector, a color device with tunable spectral responsivities, is discussed. Experimental data show that the method is effective for three spectral sources that are strongly different from a chosen reference source. The color error in a perceptive color space after the subsequent color correction (specific for each set of base filters) does not change significantly in the tuning interval of interest for image acquisition.
Otitis media reassessed (1995)

For children with acute otitis media, appropriate antibiotic therapy provides a modest improvement over the high rate of spontaneous recovery and, more importantly, has greatly reduced the incidence of serious complications. Prophylaxis with antibiotics is beneficial for patients with recurrent episodes. Otitis media with effusion also has a high rate of spontaneous resolution, and many physicians have adopted a "wait and see" approach to this problem. Modification of risk factors may be helpful. Antibiotic therapy is recommended for infants who have otitis media with effusion (since they cannot relate symptoms); patients with a coexisting purulent infection of the upper respiratory tract; patients who have significant hearing loss, vertigo, or structural changes in the tympanic membrane; and patients who have had effusion for more than 2 to 3 months. Referral to an otolaryngologist should be considered if medical therapy for recurrent acute otitis media or chronic otitis media with effusion has failed or been poorly tolerated, or if complications are present.
Role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Protease Inhibitors (2001)

A number of clinical studies support the usefulness of TDM of protease inhibitors. However, before TDM can be of the most value, further evaluation requires simplified and standardized assays to be performed routinely by clinical laboratories; determination of the appropriate target concentration and therapeutic range, as well as the best predictor of pharmacologic response; and refined interpretation of plasma drug concentrations. Randomized, controlled clinical trials of patient outcomes are needed to assess the clinical utility of TDM for protease inhibitors.
HPLC Determination of Sugars in Raw and Baked Sweet Potatoes (1985)

ABSTRACT Isocratic HPLC techniques were developed for the quantitative analysis of sugars in raw and baked sweet potato roots. The major sugars in raw roots: sucrose, glucose, and fructose, were quantitated with a cation exchange resin column (Aminex HPX‐87C) heated to 75°C using HPLC‐grade H 2 O as the mobile phase and refractive index detection. The major sugars in baked roots (convection oven or microwaved) were maltose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose. They were quantitated with an aminopropyl bonded phase column (Bio‐Sil Amino 5S) at 21°C using a 70% CH 3 CN:30% H 2 O mobile phase and refractive index detection. Over 95% recoveries of all sugars added to sweet potato roots were obtained.
Torque ripples reduction in PM synchronous motor using frequency-domain iterative learning control (2004)

PM synchronous motor drives are widely used for high-performance industrial servo applications where torque smoothness is an essential requirement. However, parasitic torque pulsations exist in PMSM drive, which deteriorate the performance of PMSMs. In this paper, we propose a simple plug-in frequency-domain iterative learning control (FILC) scheme for generating a compensation reference current to improve the steady-state torque response. A torque observer is implemented to estimate the instantaneous motor torque, which is used as the feedback information for the proposed controller. Experimental results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in reducing torque ripples.
Atomic-Scale Structure of Al2O3-ZrO2 Mixed Oxides Prepared by Laser Ablation (2007)

By means of x‐ray diffractometry (XRD) and X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, the phase composition and atomic structure of laser evaporated ZrO2 and ZrO2‐Al2O3 nanopowders have been studied. The results indicate that pure ZrO2 exists in the form of tetragonal structure, Al2O3 doped ZrO2 nanoparticles, however, have cubic structure. Compared to bulk tetragonal ZrO2, pure tetragonal ZrO2 nanoparticles have a shorter Zr‐O‐ and Zr‐Zr shell, indicating that the lattice contracts with decreasing particle size. For Al2O3 doped ZrO2 solid solution, the distances of first Zr‐O and Zr‐Zr (Al) coordination decrease with increasing solid solubility. The disorder degree of the ZrO2 lattice increases with increasing solid solubility. The coevaporated ZrO2‐Al2O3 is quickly solidified into amorphous phase when it is ablated in a higher pressure. The amorphous phase contains Zr‐O‐Zr (Al) clusters and has shorter Zr‐O distance and tower Zr‐O coordination number.
2004 Donald E. Cummings Memorial Award LectureIndustrial Hygiene in Decline—What Can We Do? (2004)

The Donald E. Cummings Memorial Award was established in 1943 as a tribute to Donald E. Cummings, AIHA's third president. It is given for outstanding contributions to the knowledge and practice of the profession of industrial hygiene. This year's Cummings Award recipient is D. Jeff Burton for his many publications and training courses, as well as his involvement in many IH/OH organizations.
Object identifiers and identity: a naming issue (2002)

This paper discusses the issue of identity in object systems. It addresses identity from a naming point of view, making a clear distinction between the role of object references and identifiers, and considering both to be defined within the scope of contexts. Different notions of object identity exist at different levels of abstraction. Our position is that abstractions are embodied in contexts, and the different notions of object identity can be obtained using identifiers from different contexts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Variable-speed switched reluctance motors (1980)

The paper explores the theory and potential of a family of doubly salient electronically-switched reluctance motors. It is demonstrated that the machine provides the basis for fully-controllable variable-speed systems, which are shown to be superior to conventional systems in many respects. The motor retains all the advantages normally associated with induction motors and brings significant economy in the drive electronics. The basic modes of operation, analysis, design considerations and experimental results from a range of prototype motors up to 15 kW at 750 rev/min are described. The most recent prototype has achieved a continuous rating which is 1.4 times that of the equivalent induction motor.
PCR with Q5® High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix (M0492) v2 (2020)

The Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix offers robust, high-fidelity performance in a convenient master mix format. The Q5 High- Fidelity 2X Master Mix features a high-fidelity, thermostable DNA polymerase with 3´→ 5´ exonuclease activity, fused to a processivity-enhancing Sso7d domain to support robust DNA amplification. With an error rate ~280-fold lower than that of Taq DNA Polymerase, Q5 High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase is ideal for cloning and can be used for long or difficult amplicons. The convenient master mix formulation is supplied at a 2X concentration. The mix contains dNTPs, Mg++ and a proprietary broad-use buffer requiring only the addition of primers and DNA template for robust amplification regardless of GC content. When used at the recommended 1X final concentration, the Q5 High-Fidelity Master Mix contains 2 mM Mg++. Q5 High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase is unlike typical, lower fidelity PCR enzymes. To determine the optimal annealing temperatures for a given set of primers, use of the NEB TmCalculator is highly recommended.