gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential effects of astroglial‐derived factors on neurite outgrowth: Initiation by protease inhibitors and potentiation by extracellular matrix components (1992)

Astroglial-conditioned medium (GCM) induced two distinct, but intimately related, phases of neuritogenesis in NB2a/d1 neuroblastoma cells--a "rapid-outgrowth," unstable phase, and a delayed, relatively stable phase, which are apparently regulated by glial-derived protease inhibitors and laminin, respectively. The initial rapid outgrowth (less than 4 hr) may be mediated by inhibition of a thrombin-like protease, present as a serum component and/or adsorbed to the outer neuronal surface, since (1) a similar effect was obtained by serum removal or by adding the specific thrombin inhibitor, hirudin; (2) exogenous thrombin inhibited the rapid outgrowth of neurites by GCM; and (3) cell-free enzyme assays confirmed the presence of thrombin-inhibitory activity in GCM. Although neurites induced by removal of serum removal or hirudin addition are rapidly resorbed following serum replenishment or hirudin depletion, GCM-induced neurites continued to elongate after GCM removal, indicating that GCM contained additional neurite-promoting factors. Anti-laminin antiserum did not inhibit the initial elaboration of neurites by GCM but prevented their continued elongation. Anti-laminin antiserum had no affect on neurite outgrowth induced by serum deprivation. The more protracted, second phase of neurite outgrowth could also be achieved by the addition of soluble purified laminin to undifferentiated cells. Unlike neurites at 4 hr, neurites at 24 hr were no longer dependent on the protease inhibitors in GCM, since exogenous thrombin no longer caused them to retract. Simultaneous addition of thrombin and anti-laminin antiserum with GCM had identical inhibitory effects on continued neurite elaboration at 24 hr as did anti-laminin antiserum without thrombin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intense Pulsed Light in the Treatment of Striae Distensae (2002)

BACKGROUND Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) is a noncoherent, nonlaser, filtered flashlamp, emitting a broadband visible light. Its efficacy has been reported recently in the treatment of photodamaged facial skin, promoting the production of neo collagen and ordering of elastic fibers. We don't know however, its efficacy in the treatment of striae distensae. OBJECTIVE To assess gross and microscopical changes that occur in the striae distensae when treated by IPL. METHODS A prospective study was carried out in 15 women, all of them having late stage striae distensae of the abdomen. Five sessions of IPL were performed in each one, once every two weeks. Skin biopsies and before and after photographs were taken of all the patients. Data concerning skin features (number of stretch marks in a square of 5 cm per side, sum of all the stretch marks to determine the total length, discolorations and general appearance) were all assessed before each session and at the end of the study. Microscopical changes were all carefully assessed. For the statistical analysis a “t” test for small samples was used. RESULTS All patients showed clinical and microscopical improvement in each one of the parameters assessed. The “t” test for small samples showed a statistically significative difference (p < 0.01) in the post treatment dermal thickness. CONCLUSION Striae distensae improved clinically and microscopically after IPL. It seems to be a promising method of treatment for this common problem with minimal side-effects, a wide safety margin and no downtime.
Automated Anomaly Detector Adaptation using Adaptive Threshold Tuning (2013)

Real-time network- and host-based Anomaly Detection Systems (ADSs) transform a continuous stream of input data into meaningful and quantifiable anomaly scores. These scores are subsequently compared to a fixed detection threshold and classified as either benign or malicious. We argue that a real-time ADS’ input changes considerably over time and a fixed threshold value cannot guarantee good anomaly detection accuracy for such a time-varying input. In this article, we propose a simple and generic technique to adaptively tune the detection threshold of any ADS that works on threshold method. To this end, we first perform statistical and information-theoretic analysis of network- and host-based ADSs’ anomaly scores to reveal a consistent time correlation structure during benign activity periods. We model the observed correlation structure using Markov chains, which are in turn used in a stochastic target tracking framework to adapt an ADS’ detection threshold in accordance with real-time measurements. We also use statistical techniques to make the proposed algorithm resilient to sporadic changes and evasion attacks. In order to evaluate the proposed approach, we incorporate the proposed adaptive thresholding module into multiple ADSs and evaluate those ADSs over comprehensive and independently collected network and host attack datasets. We show that, while reducing the need of human threshold configuration, the proposed technique provides considerable and consistent accuracy improvements for all evaluated ADSs.
Least Squares Equalization for RFID (2010)

The continuously increasing number of applications for contactless smartcard systems also led to an increase of the amount of data that is transmitted from RFID tags to reader devices. This also requires high transmission speeds beyond one Mbit/s. Recently a prototype transmitting at 6.78Mbits/s was proposed. When transmitting data from an RFID tag to an RFID reader at such high transmission speeds the transmission suffers from inter-symbol interference. Contrary to standard communication scenarios this inter-symbol interference (ISI) is not caused by linear time invariant systems. Instead the transmission by load modulation can be interpreted as transmission through a non-linear system. For counteracting the intersymbol interference we propose a least squares (LS) equalization method. This method does not rely on the assumption that ISI is caused by a linear system but only constructs a linear system to correct ISI. We discuss the application of LS equalization for tag to reader communication by load modulation. We show how an LS equalizer can be incorporated in a RFID receiver and show by simulation that least squares equalization represents a feasible method for counteracting ISI in RFID systems. In addition simulation results concerning the effect of the training sequence length on the equalizer's performance are shown.
Understanding the α‐helix to coil transition in polypeptides using network rigidity: Predicting heat and cold denaturation in mixed solvent conditions (2004)

Thermodynamic stability in polypeptides is described using a novel Distance Constraint Model (DCM). Here, microscopic interactions are represented as constraints. A topological arrangement of constraints define a mechanical framework. Each constraint in the framework is associated with an enthalpic and entropic contribution. All accessible topological arrangements of distance constraints form an ensemble of mechanical frameworks, each representing a microstate of the polypeptide. A partition function is calculated exactly using a transfer matrix approach, where in many respects the DCM is similar to the Lifson-Roig model. The crucial difference is that the effect of network rigidity is explicitly calculated for each mechanical framework in the ensemble. Network rigidity is a mechanical interaction that provides a mechanism for long-range molecular cooperativity and enables a proper treatment of the nonadditivity of a microscopic free energy decomposition. Accounting for (1) helix <--> coil conformation changes along the backbone similar to the Lifson-Roig model, (2) i to i + 4 hydrogen-bond formation <--> breaking similar to the Zimm-Bragg model, and (3) structured <--> unstructured solvent interaction (hydration effects), a six-parameter DCM describes normal and inverted helix-coil transitions in polypeptides. Under suitable mixed solvent conditions heat and cold denaturation is predicted. Model parameters are fitted to experimental data showing different degrees of cold denaturation in monomeric polypeptides in aqueous hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solution at various HFIP concentrations. By assuming a linear HFIP concentration dependence (up to 6% by mole fraction) on model parameters, all essential experimentally observed features are captured.
Optical bistability in self-electro-optic effect devices with asymmetric quantum wells (1989)

It is shown theoretically that optical bistability is possible in a self-electro-optic effect device (SEED) with single asymmetric quantum wells because of the blue shift of the optical absorption edge with applied field possible in such structures (in contrast to the normal red shift in symmetric wells). The concept is a simplification of the scheme of J. Khurgin [Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 779 (1988)] (which uses unequal, opposed pairs of asymmetric wells) and shares the potential advantages of lower loss in the transmitting state and less stringent requirements on the exciton absorption peaks.
Post-operative pain relief (1990)

Jeni Senior describes a new method of post-operative pain relief which uses an indwelling subcutaneous cannula
Bifunctional intercalation and sequence specificity in the binding of quinomycin and triostin antibiotics to deoxyribonucleic acid (1978)

Quinomycin C, triostin A and triostin C are peptide antibiotics of the quinoxaline family, of which echinomycin (quinomycin A) is also a member. They all remove and reverse the supercoiling of closed circular duplex DNA from bacteriophage PM2 in the fashion characteristic of intercalating drugs, and the unwinding angle at I 0.01 is, in all cases, almost twice that of ethidium. Thus, as with echinomycin, they can be characterized as bifunctional intercalating agents. For the triostins this conclusion has been confirmed by measurements of changes in the viscosity of sonicated rod-like DNA fragments; the helix extension was found to be almost double that expected for a simple monofunctional intercalation process. For triostin A, further evidence for bifunctionality was derived from the cross-over point of binding isotherms to nicked circular and closed circular bacteriophage-PM2DNA. Binding curves for the interaction of quinomycin C and triostin A with a variety of synthetic and naturally occurring nucleic acids were determined by solvent-partition analysis, but triostin C was too insoluble in aqueous solution to make this method applicable. For quinomycin C the highest binding constant was found with Micrococcus lysodeikticus DNA, and its pattern of specificity among natural DNA species was broadly similar to that of echinomycin, although the binding constants were 2--6 times as large. For triostin A the highest binding constant was again found for M. lysodeikticus DNA, but the specificity pattern was quite different from that of the quinomycins. In particular, triostin A bound better to poly(dA-dT) than to the poly(dG-dC) whereas this order was reversed for quinomycin C. There was also evidence that the binding to poly(dA-dT) might be co-operative in nature. No significant interaction could be detected with poly(dA).poly(dT) or with RNA from Escherichia coli. Poly(dG).poly(dC) gave variable results, depending on the source of the polymer. The different patterns of specificity displayed by the quinomycins and triostins are tentatively ascribed to differences in their conformations in solution.
Land Treatment of Food Processing Wastewaters (1973)

At Paris, Tex., a surface filtration system is constructed on land that is relatively impervious and will not permit high infiltration rates. This is a new concept of spray irrigation by overland flow wherein the wastewater is spread in a thin sheet to have a good interaction zone with soil humus. The microbiological activity of the soil organisms purifies the water to achieve 99% BOD reduction in a travel of approx 225 ft. The preferred slopes are approx 2–6%. At Sumter, S. Car., there is a 5–7-ft layer of sandy soil with a high rate of infiltration. This is underlain by a relatively dense substrata. The water after pretreatment is sprayed through the sprinkler system, falls on the land which has been planted to special grasses, and infiltrates through the ground and is picked up by the underground perforated pipe and conducted to the final polishing pond and savanna. This pond has become a wildlife sanctuary harboring many kinds of fish, wild egrets, blue herons, ducks, geese, coots, and other wildlife.
Equilibrium Ultracentrifugation of Dilute Solutions<sup>*</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium Ultracentrifugation of Dilute Solutions*David A. YphantisCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 3, 297–317Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00891a003https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00891a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views693Altmetric-Citations2478LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxygen sensors made by monolayer graphene under room temperature (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation C. W. Chen, S. C. Hung, M. D. Yang, C. W. Yeh, C. H. Wu, G. C. Chi, F. Ren, S. J. Pearton; Oxygen sensors made by monolayer graphene under room temperature. Appl. Phys. Lett. 12 December 2011; 99 (24): 243502. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3668105 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
JPEG-2000 Rate Control for Digital Cinema (2006)

Recent industry developments have made it clear that although digital cinema signals are image sequences, they will almost certainly be compressed using an intra-frame image compression method such as JPEG-2000 that operates on one frame at a time. This is in contrast to traditional inter-frame video standards such as MPEG that operate on multiple frames at once. Furthermore, recent research has shown that the coding efficiency advantages of inter-frame coding are significantly reduced for 4k digitized film content at the data rates and quality levels associated with digital cinema. This raises a number of important issues related to rate control methods, which have the goal of maximizing quality while also ensuring that the overall post-compression bit rate maintains average and peak values within the limits of the delivery and decoding systems.
Articular Cartilage Injuries of the Knee (2001)

Articular cartilage defects of the knee can be very debilitating, and diagnosis can be difficult because the symptoms are often nonspecific. Routine MRI scans, despite vast improvement in detection techniques, are often not sensitive or specific enough, especially for low-grade lesions. Therefore, articular cartilage injuries of the knee are often a diagnosis of exclusion requiring a thorough history, a good physical exam, and a high index of suspicion. Treatment of these injuries is still evolving, but new treatment options, including autogenous chondrocyte implantation, look promising, and long-term outcomes, while not yet complete, look encouraging.
Study of the photochemical behaviour of sunscreens – benzylidene camphor and derivatives (1981)

Synopsis Benzylidene camphor derivatives have been currently used as ultraviolet filters in sunscreen compositions. When solutions of these compounds are exposed to the light from a solar simulator, a photoinduced cis-trans isomerization is observed. The initial quantum yields of this photochemical isomerization of studied molecules have been determined in several solvents. Their photochemical behaviour depends neither on the concentration nor on the presence or absence of oxygen or other inhibitors such as isopropanol or biacetyl. It means that the lifetime of the precursor states of isomerization is about 10(-12)s, that is to say, too short for them to react with neighbouring molecules. For each compound, the ratio of the respective concentrations of 'E' and 'Z' forms was also determined by photostationary state. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental values of this ratio shows that the studied compounds are only very slightly photodegradable. This was confirmed by the low values of photodegradation quantum yields. In case of the studied compounds, the isomerization process observed is totally reversible. During irradiation a photostationary state is quickly reached, each isomer may change into the other form after absorption of a photon which leads to a mixture of isomers. In practice, it is this mixture of E and Z forms which acts as UV filters. It may be said that a very short lifetime of the excited states, a good light stability and a reaction inertia under light irradiation make these compounds excellent sunscreen agents.
Probabilistic Threat Propagation for Network Security (2014)

Techniques for network security analysis have historically focused on the actions of the network hosts. Outside of forensic analysis, little has been done to detect or predict malicious or infected nodes strictly based on their association with other known malicious nodes. This methodology is highly prevalent in the graph analytics world, however, and is referred to as community detection. In this paper, we present a method for detecting malicious and infected nodes on both monitored networks and the external Internet. We leverage prior community detection and graphical modeling work by propagating threat probabilities across network nodes, given an initial set of known malicious nodes. We enhance prior work by employing constraints that remove the adverse effect of cyclic propagation that is a byproduct of current methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of probabilistic threat propagation on the tasks of detecting botnets and malicious web destinations.
Bone regeneration in novel porous titanium implants (2010)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo performance of the novel press-fit dental implant fabricated via electron beam melting (EBM, Southern Methodist Univ.) and compare it to a commercially-available porous-coated press-fit dental implant (Endopore, Innova Corp.). Twelve cylindrical shaped implants 3 mm in diameter x 5 mm long were made by EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) using Ti6Al4V ELI alloy. Twelve commercial implants (Endopore, Innova Corp.) of the same geometry were used as controls. Samples were implanted in rabbit tibia and retrieved six weeks postoperatively. Six specimens from each implant type were embedded undecalcified, sectioned, and stained with toluidine blue (Sigma) for histomorphometry analysis. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was measured. On the six remaining samples from each implant type, the mechanical properties were evaluated by pushout test on a material testing machine. The samples were loaded at a loading rate of 1 mm/min. The pushout strength was measured and the apparent shear stiffness was calculated. The results were analyzed with a paired-t test. The histology shows osteointegration of surrounding bone with both implant types. Bone was found to grow into the porous space between the beads. Both the Endopore (Innova Corp.) and the EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) showed similar BIC. The mean BIC for the Endopore (Innova Corp.) and EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) implant were 35 ± 6% and 32 ± 9%, respectively. It failed to reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). The peak pushout force for Endopore (Innova Corp.) and EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) implants were 198.80 ± 61.29 N and 243.21 ± 69.75 N, respectively. The apparent shear stiffness between bone and implant for the Endopore (Innova Corp.) and EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) implants were 577.36 ± 129.99 N/mm; and 584.48 ± 146.63 N/mm, respectively. Neither the peak pushout force nor the apparent shear stiffness of the implants was statistically different between the two groups (p > 0.05). The results suggest that the implants manufactured by EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) perform equally well as the commercial implant Endopore (Innova Corp.) in this current animal model.
Speaker normalization through constrained MLLR based transforms (2004)

In this paper, a novel speaker normalization method is presented and compared to a well known vocal tract length normalization method. With this method, acoustic observations of training and testing speakers are mapped into a normalized acoustic space through speaker-specific transformations with the aim of reducing inter-speaker acoustic variability. For each speaker, an affine transformation is estimated with the goal of reducing the mismatch between the acoustic data of the speaker and a set of target hidden Markov models. This transformation is estimated through constrained maximum likelihood linear regression and then applied to map the acoustic observations of the speaker into the normalized acoustic space. Recognition experiments made use of two corpora, the first one consisting of adults’ speech, the second one consisting of children’s speech. Performing training and recognition with normalized data resulted in a consistent reduction of the word error rate with respect to the baseline systems trained on unnormalized data. In addition, the novel method always performed better than the reference vocal tract length normalization method.