gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Gene to Protein: Determination of Melanin Synthesis (1993)

Melanin production in mammals is regulated at a variety of levels (tissue, cellular, and subcellular), and many gene loci are involved in the determination of color patterns directed by the melanocyte. Many of the genes involved in these complex processes have now been cloned, and even the simplest mutation can lead to dramatic changes in the phenotype of the individual. Many, if not all, of the pigment related genes have pleiotropic effects on the development and differentiation of the organism, and perhaps because of this, the melanocyte is evolving as an important model for the study of gene regulation and action at the functional level. In view of the importance of pigmentation as a photoprotective barrier and as a cosmetic factor affecting appearance and social acceptance, the importance of these studies seems destined to increase significantly in the future.
<i>n</i> -Tridecane and trans-2-Heptenal in Scent Gland of the Rice Stink Bug <i>Oebalus pugnax</i> (F.) (1960)

The scent-gland secretion of the rice stink bug Oebalus pugnax (F.) is composed of a liquid two-phase system. The saturated hydrocarbon n-tridecane accounts for 60 percent of the secretion. In the other phase, the major organoleptic compound is the trans form of 2-heptenal.
Emergence of resistance to oseltamivir among influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Europe (2008)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
TIME COURSE AND GENETIC VARIATION IN THE REGULATION OF CALCIUM CHANNEL ANTAGONIST BINDING SITES IN RODENT TISSUES DURING THE INDUCTION OF ETHANOL PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE AND WITHDRAWAL (1995)

Physical dependence was induced by ethanol inhalation in male Sprague-Dawley rats and, in parallel experiments, in two lines of mice (WSR and WSP) genetically selected for differential severity of ethanol withdrawal. In dependent rats [3H]nitrendipine binding sites were significantly increased in cerebral cortex, cardiac and smooth muscle (vas deferens). Cerebral cortical membranes were the first to show an increase, the Bmax for nitrendipine binding rising sharply after 3-4 days of ethanol administration, whereas binding sites in the other tissues increased after 5-6 days. Nitrendipine binding affinity in all tissues was consistently reduced immediately preceding the rise in Bmax to a new steady state, but then returned to control values. Between 6 and 10 days of ethanol exposure there was no further increase in the Bmax for nitrendipine binding, and on removal of ethanol, the numbers of nitrendipine binding sites fell precipitously to control levels within 24 h of withdrawal. In the genetically selected mice, the up-regulation of nitrendipine binding sites in cardiac membranes was significantly greater in the WSP line. This correlates with severity of physical signs of withdrawal and parallels previous results obtained in brain. The results are consistent with an increase in the synthesis and membrane insertion of dihydropyridine sensitive calcium channel proteins in several tissues during the induction of ethanol dependence and suggest that in the brain this change may play a role in the ethanol withdrawal syndrome.
Durability Evaluation of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Strengthened Concrete Beams: Experimental Study and Design (2005)

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Crystal Growth of a New Series of Complex Niobates, LnKNaNbO<sub>5</sub> (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Tb): Structural Properties and Photoluminescence (2009)

Single crystals of LnKNaNbO5 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb) were grown out of a reactive high temperature hydroxide melt. The structures were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. All compounds of the series LnKNaNbO5 crystallize in the space group P4/nmm. The niobium is located in a rare square pyramidal coordination environment in this layered structure. EuKNaNbO5, GdKNaNbO5, and TbKNaNbO5 exhibit room temperature photoluminescence with bright orange-red, pink-purple, and green emissions, respectively. Unlike in many oxide structures, the photoluminescence is not quenched, although the rare earth elements fully occupy a position in the crystal structure.
[An experimental study on the effects of lingzhi spore on the immune function and 60Co radioresistance in mice]. (1997)

Lingzhi spore (2 g.kg-1.d-1, 10 times) was orally administered to mice, and studies were carried out on the carbon clearance, delayed-type skin hypersensitivity (DTH), antibody hemagglutinin value and spleen weight. The results showed that Lingzhi spore could increase the immune function, inhibit the reduction of white blood cells and raise the survival rate of mice after they were radiated by 870 rad 60Co.
Fine Granularity Clustering-Based Placement (2004)

In this paper, we address the problem of improving the efficiency of placement algorithms. We employ a fine granularity clustering technique to reduce the original placement problem size. The reduction is feasible because a global placer may not need to operate on the bottom level netlist in order to achieve a competitive result. In general, placement algorithm efficiency is well correlated with the number of nodes in the netlist. Reducing the size of the placement problem (the number of nodes to be placed) leads to greater efficiency. We propose two new clustering algorithms. One applies net absorption, and the other is based on wire-length prediction. We have integrated those algorithms into our fast placer implementation (FPI) framework. We demonstrate experimentally that FPI achieves significant speedup while maintaining placement quality comparable to the state-of-the-art standard cell placer.
Novelty detection in images by sparse representations (2014)

We address the problem of automatically detecting anomalies in images, i.e., patterns that do not conform to those appearing in a reference training set. This is a very important feature for enabling an intelligent system to autonomously check the validity of acquired data, thus performing a preliminary, automatic, diagnosis. We approach this problem in a patch-wise manner, by learning a model to represent patches belonging to a training set of normal images. Here, we consider a model based on sparse representations, and we show that jointly monitoring the sparsity and the reconstruction error of such representation substantially improves the detection performance with respect to other approaches leveraging sparse models. As an illustrative application, we consider the detection of anomalies in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, which is essential for supervising the production of nanofibrous materials.
Lattice and Grain Boundary Diffusion in Polycrystals (1961)

Tracer diffusion mechanism in a polycrystalline medium with a plane source is discussed by assuming both the high diffusivity along the grain boundaries as compared with that inside the grains and the conservation of diffusant. The following theoretical results are obtained from the analytical solution of the problem. (1) In a small penetration region the grain boundaries act as sinks, i.e. a negative contribution to the amount of diffusant arises from the grain boundaries. (2) At a large penetration depth they act as sources, and the resultant positive contribution of grain boundary diffusion is such that the logarithm of the average concentration of diffusant from the boundary into the inside depends linearly on the 6/5 power of penetration depth. (3) Considering the grain size the present theory predicts the penetration curve in which both the lattice and the grain boundary diffusion play an important role. (4) The theory also finds the condition that the contribution from the lattice diffusion becomes dominant as compared with that from the grain boundary. A relation usable for the determination of the grain boundary diffusion coefficient from experimental data is given. These theoretical results are found in agree well with the experimental data. The limit for the validity of the present model is also discussed.
Organic matter in Iowa soils (1943)

The importance and wealth of any state or country depend in great measure on its natural resources and the extent to which these resources are used. Some states are rich in mineral wealth, others in lumber or oil or water-power. All these Iowa lacks, yet she is not poor but fabulously rich in the most vital of all resources, the soil. Within her boundaries, north and south, east and west, lies one of the most concentrated of fertile areas of the northern hemisphere. Her climate, though one of extremes, is well suited to agriculture. Corn yields abundantly, and directly, or indirectly through livestock, is the source of much of her wealth. More than one-fifth of the corn raised in the United States is grown within the state of Iowa. The farm value of Iowa corn has for a number of years been in the neighborhood of 250 million dollars annually. This abundance of corn is due to the productivity of her soils, which in turn is largely an expression of their high organic matter content. Their continued productivity depends on proper management, and maintenance of this vital component of soil.\nModern civilization has exploited and wantonly dissipated many natural resources. Forests have been cleared and hillsides denuded, coal seams have been exhausted and the countryside despoiled. Our land is scarred by the wreckage of depleted resources. The soil has not escaped. Almost as serious as the visible ravages of erosion, however, is the invisible decline in fertility that may be caused by intensive cultivation, single-cropping and the absence of rotations that tend to replenish the supply of organic matter within the soil. The purpose of this bulletin is to review the role played by organic matter in soil fertility, to examine the causes of depletion of organic matter, and to consider the means by which maintenance can be accomplished.
Huntington's disease: a clinical review (2017)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fully penetrant neurodegenerative disease caused by a dominantly inherited CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene on chromosome 4. In Western populations HD has a prevalence of 10.6-13.7 individuals per 100 000. It is characterized by cognitive, motor and psychiatric disturbance. At the cellular level mutant huntingtin results in neuronal dysfunction and death through a number of mechanisms, including disruption of proteostasis, transcription and mitochondrial function and direct toxicity of the mutant protein. Early macroscopic changes are seen in the striatum with involvement of the cortex as the disease progresses. There are currently no disease modifying treatments; therefore supportive and symptomatic management is the mainstay of treatment. In recent years there have been significant advances in understanding both the cellular pathology and the macroscopic structural brain changes that occur as the disease progresses. In the last decade there has been a large growth in potential therapeutic targets and clinical trials. Perhaps the most promising of these are the emerging therapies aimed at lowering levels of mutant huntingtin. Antisense oligonucleotide therapy is one such approach with clinical trials currently under way. This may bring us one step closer to treating and potentially preventing this devastating condition.
Singular DYT6 phenotypes in association with new <i>THAP1</i> frameshift mutations (2011)

International audience
The streptokinase gene. (1986)

The subject of this paper is the molecular cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and expression in heterologous hosts of the streptokinase gene (skc) from the group C streptococcal strain H46A. The skc gene shows no extended regions homologous to the staphylokinase gene.
Companion diagnostic assays for PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC (2015)

The immune checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab together with their diagnostic assays have recently been granted market authorization for treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the USA. The two assays, PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx and PD-L1 IHC 28-8 pharmDx (both by Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), are the first PD-L1 IHC assays to obtain regulatory approval through the Premarket Approval process. This approval is supported by recent clinical studies that have shown a positive correlation between PD-L1 expression and the outcome following treatment with different PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. These diagnostic assays are able to identify the group of non-small-cell lung cancer patients who will benefit most from treatment with the immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, so far, it is only the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay, which is linked to the use of pembrolizumab, that has obtained regulatory status as a companion diagnostic.
Parathyroid Hormone–related Peptide (PTHrP)-dependent and -independent Effects of Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) on Endochondral Bone Formation (1999)

Previously, we showed that expression of a dominant-negative form of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor in skeletal tissue resulted in increased hypertrophic differentiation in growth plate and articular chondrocytes, suggesting a role for TGF-beta in limiting terminal differentiation in vivo. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) has also been demonstrated to regulate chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Mice with targeted deletion of the PTHrP gene demonstrate increased endochondral bone formation, and misexpression of PTHrP in cartilage results in delayed bone formation due to slowed conversion of proliferative chondrocytes into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Since the development of skeletal elements requires the coordination of signals from several sources, this report tests the hypothesis that TGF-beta and PTHrP act in a common signal cascade to regulate endochondral bone formation. Mouse embryonic metatarsal bone rudiments grown in organ culture were used to demonstrate that TGF-beta inhibits several stages of endochondral bone formation, including chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophic differentiation, and matrix mineralization. Treatment with TGF-beta1 also stimulated the expression of PTHrP mRNA. PTHrP added to cultures inhibited hypertrophic differentiation and matrix mineralization but did not affect cell proliferation. Furthermore, terminal differentiation was not inhibited by TGF-beta in metatarsal rudiments from PTHrP-null embryos; however, growth and matrix mineralization were still inhibited. The data support the model that TGF-beta acts upstream of PTHrP to regulate the rate of hypertrophic differentiation and suggest that TGF-beta has both PTHrP-dependent and PTHrP-independent effects on endochondral bone formation.
An Approach to UNIX Security Logging 1 (1998)

Off-line intrusion detection systems rely on logged data. However, the logging mechanism may be complicated and time-consuming and the amount of logged data tends to be very large. To counter these problems we suggest a very simple and cheap logging method, light-weight logging. It can be easily implemented on a Unix system, particularly on the Solaris operating system from Sun. It is based on logging every invocation of the exec(2) system call together with its arguments. We use data from realistic intrusion experiments to show the benefits of the proposed logging and in partic-ular that this logging method consumes as little system resources as comparable methods, while still being more effective. 1
A Study of DAS delays and their Impact on the Wireless Channels with Application to Indoor Localization (2015)

This research evaluates the Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) introduced delays and their effects on the indoor channel in simulcast situations where the effect of delays is most prevalent. Different simulcast cases that form the basic building blocks are analyzed to form an understanding of the problem. Two case studies of important indoor environments are presented. Importance of improving ray tracing simulations to include propagation and DAS delays is highlighted.\nThe paper also introduces a DAS element representation and delay mapping model and explores techniques of engineering DAS delays to optimize location estimation by ranging and RF fingerprinting to achieve E911 mandated accuracy.\nA brief description is introduced for a Software Defined Radio (SDR) implementation of a Correlation Channel Sounder and the possible application of channel sounding for indoor DAS. The paper suggests procedures to produce a full DAS delay profile and ways to optimize it for location estimation.
Recent advances in quantitative LA-ICP-MS analysis: challenges and solutions in the life sciences and environmental chemistry (2015)

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a widely accepted method for direct sampling of solid materials for trace elemental analysis. The number of reported applications is high and the application range is broad; besides geochemistry, LA-ICP-MS is mostly used in environmental chemistry and the life sciences. This review focuses on the application of LA-ICP-MS for quantification of trace elements in environmental, biological, and medical samples. The fundamental problems of LA-ICP-MS, such as sample-dependent ablation behavior and elemental fractionation, can be even more pronounced in environmental and life science applications as a result of the large variety of sample types and conditions. Besides variations in composition, the range of available sample states is highly diverse, including powders (e.g., soil samples, fly ash), hard tissues (e.g., bones, teeth), soft tissues (e.g., plants, tissue thin-cuts), or liquid samples (e.g., whole blood). Within this article, quantification approaches that have been proposed in the past are critically discussed and compared regarding the results obtained in the applications described. Although a large variety of sample types is discussed within this article, the quantification approaches used are similar for many analytical questions and have only been adapted to the specific questions. Nevertheless, none of them has proven to be a universally applicable method.
The Endocannabinoid Anandamide Inhibits Neuronal Progenitor Cell Differentiation through Attenuation of the Rap1/B-Raf/ERK Pathway (2002)

Endocannabinoids are neuromodulators that act as retrograde synaptic messengers inhibiting the release of different neurotransmitters in cerebral areas such as hippocampus, cortex, and striatum. However, little is known about other roles of the endocannabinoid system in brain. In the present work we provide substantial evidence that the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) regulates neuronal differentiation both in culture and in vivo. Thus AEA, through the CB(1) receptor, inhibited cortical neuron progenitor differentiation to mature neuronal phenotype. In addition, human neural stem cell differentiation and nerve growth factor-induced PC12 cell differentiation were also inhibited by cannabinoid challenge. AEA decreased PC12 neuronal-like generation via CB(1)-mediated inhibition of sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, which is responsible for nerve growth factor action. AEA thus inhibited TrkA-induced Rap1/B-Raf/ERK activation. Finally, immunohistochemical analyses by confocal microscopy revealed that adult neurogenesis in dentate gyrus was significantly decreased by the AEA analogue methanandamide and increased by the CB(1) antagonist SR141716. These data indicate that endocannabinoids inhibit neuronal progenitor cell differentiation through attenuation of the ERK pathway and suggest that they constitute a new physiological system involved in the regulation of neurogenesis.
The Isaqueena - 1924, June (1924)

Contributors include: Estelle Cooper, Floryne Long, Peg Garvin, Ruth Mildred Jones, Callie Mayre Thomas, Mae Farnham, Lucile Nix, Frances Antley, Reba Smith, Lollie Barbare, Mamie Sue Gray
A Review and Classification of Variable Valve Timing Mechanisms (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Mechanisms for internal combustion engine variable valve timing (VVT) have been the subject of almost 800 US patents since 1880. Over 110 of these patents were issued just in the three years 1985 through 1987. Also, many technical papers have been published on VVT mechanisms. We reviewed all of these patents and much of the literature. As a result, we have classified all the mechanisms found into IS basic concepts which we describe and evaluate in this paper.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">We conclude that VVT has much potential, but that very little of this potential has yet been realized. Serious difficulties have limited the application of variable valve timing to date. Virtually all VVT mechanisms proposed until recently suffer from high cost and complexity, limited variability, and high impact velocities. An improved system is described in a companion paper (<span class="xref">1</span>)<span class="xref">*</span>.</div>
Polyamines mediate androgenic stimulation of calcium fluxes and membrane transport in rat heart myocytes. (1989)

The androgenic steroid hormone testosterone induced an early (less than 30-60 seconds) stimulation of endocytosis, hexose transport, and amino acid transport, monitored by the temperature-sensitive uptake of horseradish peroxidase, 2-deoxyglucose, and alpha-aminoisobutyrate, respectively, in rat ventricle cubes and acutely isolated ventricular myocytes. This stimulation was time- and concentration-dependent and was maximal at 10(-9) to 10(-8) M testosterone, consistent with androgen-receptor mediation. EGTA (2.5 mM), La3+ (1 mM), and verapamil (100 microM) ablated the hormonal response. The calcium ionophore A23187 (10 microM) induced an acute stimulation of endocytosis, amino acid transport, and hexose transport which was not further increased by testosterone (10(-8) M), suggesting a common effector pathway. Testosterone (10(-8) M) also evoked a rapid (less than 30 seconds) stimulation of 45Ca influx and efflux. Testosterone (10(-8) M) induced a rapid (less than 5 seconds) transient increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity peaking (twofold to threefold) at 60 seconds, and an early (15 seconds) transient accumulation of polyamines peaking at 60 seconds in isolated myocytes. The specific, irreversible ODC inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, 5-10 mM) blocked the testosterone-evoked increase in ODC activity and polyamine levels and the stimulation of Ca2+ fluxes, endocytosis, hexose transport, and amino acid transport. Putrescine (0.5-1 mM), the ODC product, reversed DFMO inhibition and restored the increase in polyamines, 45Ca fluxes, and Ca2+-dependent membrane transport processes. These results demonstrate that rapid, transient ODC-regulated polyamine synthesis is essential for androgenic stimulation of Ca2+ fluxes and membrane transport processes in ventricular myocytes. These findings support a model for signal transduction in which newly synthesized polyamines serve as intracellular messengers to regulate transmembrane Ca2+ movements, Ca2+-dependent membrane transport functions, and other Ca2+- and polyamine-sensitive processes in cardiac myocytes.
Influence of the hollow cathode dimensions on the electron beam current in a pseudospark discharge (1995)

Investigations on the electron beam current of a free running pseudospark discharge are presented. A single gap system with hollow cathodes of different dimensions is used. The filling gases are argon and helium. The electron beam signal consists of a first pulse with currents of several hundreds of mA and a main pulse with currents up to 20 A. A variation of length and diameter of the hollow cathode significantly influences the pressure range in which a free running pseudospark discharge exists and the peak current of both electron beam pulses. Plasma formation and electron beam generation are studied by high speed photography. The experimental results give some information on the discharge mechanisms that is integrated in a qualitative model of the pseudospark discharge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>