gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compositions and Positional Distributions of Fatty Acids in Phospholipids from Leaves of Chilling-Sensitive and Chilling-Resistant Plants (1982)

The compositions and positional distributions of fatty acids in the major leaf phospholipids of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and enzymic hydrolysis, and chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistant plants were comparcd with respect to the relative contents of palmitic and trans-Δ3-hexadecenoic acids in the separated phospholipids. A distinct difference between these plants was found in the fatty acid compositions of phosphatidylglycerol, in which the sum of palmitic and trans-Δ3-hexadecenoic acids ranged from 60 to 78% of the total fatty acids in 8 species of chilling-sensitive plants, and from 50 to 57% in 11 species of chilling-resistant plants. The only exception among the chilling sensitive plants in this respect was the tomato, in which the sum of palmitic and trans-Δ3-hexadecenic acids in phosphatidylglycerol amounted to 54%. The fatty acid compositions and the positional distributions of fatty acids in phosphatidylglycerol suggest that the occurrence of high proportions of dipalmitoyl and 1-palmitoyl-2-(trans-Δ3-hexadecenoyl) species in this lipid is correlated with the susceptibility to chilling of the leaves of higher plants. In the compositions and positional distributions of fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, no difference was found between the chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistant plants.
Mechanical And Control Features Of The University Of Bologna Hand Version 2 (2005)

In this paper, the main design features of the University of Bologna robotic hand version II (UB Hand 11), currently at the set-up phase, are pre- sented. In particular, a detailed description is given of the adopted solutions with respect to hand-arm me- chanical integration, sensorial equipment, and control architecture and algorithms.
Abnormal muscle mechanosignaling triggers cardiomyopathy in mice with Marfan syndrome (2014)

Patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS), a multisystem disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibrillin 1, are unusually vulnerable to stress-induced cardiac dysfunction. The prevailing view is that MFS-associated cardiac dysfunction is the result of aortic and/or valvular disease. Here, we determined that dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in fibrillin 1-deficient mice is a primary manifestation resulting from ECM-induced abnormal mechanosignaling by cardiomyocytes. MFS mice displayed spontaneous emergence of an enlarged and dysfunctional heart, altered physical properties of myocardial tissue, and biochemical evidence of chronic mechanical stress, including increased angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) signaling and abated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity. Partial fibrillin 1 gene inactivation in cardiomyocytes was sufficient to precipitate DCM in otherwise phenotypically normal mice. Consistent with abnormal mechanosignaling, normal cardiac size and function were restored in MFS mice treated with an AT1R antagonist and in MFS mice lacking AT1R or β-arrestin 2, but not in MFS mice treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or lacking angiotensinogen. Conversely, DCM associated with abnormal AT1R and FAK signaling was the sole abnormality in mice that were haploinsufficient for both fibrillin 1 and β1 integrin. Collectively, these findings implicate fibrillin 1 in the physiological adaptation of cardiac muscle to elevated workload.
Identification and characterization of DNA elements implicated in the regulation of CYP4A1 transcription (1995)

We have identified a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) approx. 4300 nucleotide upstream of the rat cytochrome P-450 CYP4A1 gene. Two members of the steroid-hormone-receptor superfamily, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) and the retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXR alpha), bind specifically to this element as a heterodimer, and this element confers responsiveness to the peroxisome proliferator Wyeth-14,643 when tested in co-transfection assays. A second element, located 35 nucleotides further upstream, fails to bind PPAR alpha/RXR alpha heterodimers and is unresponsive to Wy-14,643 in co-transfection assays. Both elements are, however, responsive to 9-cis-retinoic acid in the presence of RXR alpha, when tested in the co-transfection assay. As RXR alpha fails to bind to either element as a homodimer, we suggest that RXR alpha interacts with PPAR alpha to regulate transcription via the proximal element, and interacts with some other cellular factor to regulate transcription via the more distal element. This is consistent with previous reports that a number of peroxisome proliferator-regulated genes contain PPRE-like elements as part of their regulatory sequences, which may be recognized by several receptor combinations. This provides further evidence that PPARs and their co-factors are important in mediating the pleiotropic action of peroxisome proliferators.
A VLSI chip set for a massively parallel architecture (1987)

This paper will described two chips fabricated in 2μms CMOS. One chip contains 32 processors, and performs 320 million 4bit operations/s. The other chip a communications router, is capable of a throughput of 160Mbytes/s.
Design of nonlinear inverse systems by means of adaptive Volterra filters (1997)

A conventional linear filter increases nonlinear distortion when it is applied to the elimination of linear distortion of a system. This paper proposes an off-line design method of an adaptive Volterra filter that eliminates linear and nonlinear distortions at the same time. This paper analyzes, by using the Volterra theory, the mechanism of increase of nonlinear distortion due to the elimination of linear distortion. This paper also analyzes, again using the Volterra theory, a signal component caused by the tandem connection of a nonlinear system and gives a design method for a nonlinear inverse system that eliminates nonlinear distortion. The proposed method reduces the nonlinear distortions by as much as 70 dB. The design time of the method is much shorter than that of existing conventional methods. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 80(8): 36–45, 1997
Language models enable zero-shot prediction of the effects of mutations on protein function (2021)

Abstract Modeling the effect of sequence variation on function is a fundamental problem for understanding and designing proteins. Since evolution encodes information about function into patterns in protein sequences, unsupervised models of variant effects can be learned from sequence data. The approach to date has been to fit a model to a family of related sequences. The conventional setting is limited, since a new model must be trained for each prediction task. We show that using only zero-shot inference, without any supervision from experimental data or additional training, protein language models capture the functional effects of sequence variation, performing at state-of-the-art.
Preparation, characterization and some reactions of bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)hydridoplatinum(II) complexes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation, characterization and some reactions of bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)hydridoplatinum(II) complexesRam G. Goel, William O. Ogini, and Ramesh C. SrivastavaCite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 6, 819–824Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00066a010https://doi.org/10.1021/om00066a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views446Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
De Valera, Eamon (1882–1975) (2009)

Eamon de Valera, the highest‐ranking survivor of the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland, played a leading role in Irish political life from 1916 through 1959. More than any other figure, he shaped the nature of independent Ireland's social and economic life.
Synthesis of .beta.-substituted pyrroles via 1-(pyrrol-2-ylmethylene)pyrrolidinium salts (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .beta.-substituted pyrroles via 1-(pyrrol-2-ylmethylene)pyrrolidinium saltsPhilip E. SonnetCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 7, 1005–1007Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00806a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00806a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of proliferation of human cerebral meningioma cells by suramin: effects on cell growth, cell cycle phases, extracellular growth factors, and PDGF-BB autocrine growth loop (1995)

The growth of human cerebral meningiomas depends on various growth factors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and TGF-beta, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II, and acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors. The latter three have been shown to form autocrine loops that are thought to be a major component of uncontrolled growth in meningioma tissue. Suramin is known to prevent binding of a variety of growth factors to their receptors in mammalian tissue, thus abolishing para- and/or autocrine-mediated cell growth. The authors therefore tested the effect of suramin on the proliferation of cultured human meningioma cells. Suramin (10(-5) to 10(-4) M) significantly inhibited the growth of meningioma cells in culture. The maximum effect observed was with the higher dose (10(-4) M), which resulted in a 40% to 70% reduction in cellular proliferation. This effect was observed in all 15 tumor samples studied and was confirmed by [3H]thymidine uptake. In studies using DNA flow cytometry, suramin inhibited meningioma cell proliferation in five tumor samples by arresting cells in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Growth factor (EGF, IGF-I, and PDGF-BB)-induced cell proliferation was completely abolished in five tumor samples when 10(-4) M suramin was applied to meningioma cells. Western blot analysis of three tumor samples showed that the intracellular PDGF-BB content of meningioma cells was significantly reduced after treating the cells with 10(-4) M suramin. Binding of iodinated growth factors (that is, [125I]EGF, [125I]IGF-I, and [125I]PDGF-BB) to their receptor sites was prevented by suramin in a dose-dependent manner in 10 meningioma membrane fractions. Lowering of the intracellular PDGF content and prevention of extracellular growth factor receptor binding demonstrates that suramin disrupts autocrine loops and paracrine growth stimulation in meningioma tissue. These data provide evidence that growth of cerebral meningiomas in culture is strongly inhibited by suramin at a concentration of 10(-4) M. Suramin acts as a scavenger neutralizing exogenous growth factors; thus it can interrupt autocrine loops and paracrine stimulation of human meningioma cell growth. The evidence favors suramin as a therapeutic option for controlling meningioma proliferation in patients with inoperable and recurrent high-grade meningiomas.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Aryl‐ and Heteroarylmalonates Against ortho‐Dinucleophiles. Triaryl(heteroaryl)methane Synthesis. (1987)

Abstract The arylmalonates (I) are coupled with o‐aminobenzenethiol (IIa) to produce the benzothiazole derivatives (III) and/or (IV).
Selection of Transfected Mammalian Cells (2009)

Abstract To determine the function of a gene in vitro, expression in heterologous cells is often employed. This can be done by transient expression, but often requires a more permanent expression of the gene and the creation of a cell line. This process can involve decisions as to the nature of construct used for expression, and invariably uses some strategy to select the transfected cells. Typically, these strategies use one of a number of genes that confer resistance to an added drug that will kill untransfected cells but not the transfected cells (positive selection). Alternatively, sometimes the strategy uses a gene that will confer sensitivity to a compound and kills the transfected cells (negative selection). This chapter discusses some of the strategies and genes used in creating cell line for in vitro study of gene function. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol . 86:9.5.1‐9.5.13. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
HIV-Inhibitory Cembrane Derivatives from a Philippines Collection of the Soft Coral <i>Lobophytum</i> Species (2000)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an aqueous extract of a Philippine Islands collection of the soft coralLobophytum sp. concentrated its HIV-inhibitory activity into fractions rich in cembranoid diterpenes. Lobohedleolide (1), (7Z)-lobohedleolide (2), and a new compound, 17-dimethylaminolobohedleolide (3), were purified from these fractions by HPLC. The structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their spectral data with previously reported values. The relative stereochemistry of the gamma-lactone ring substituents of 3 was determined by 1D NOESY experiments. While several other cembranoids that contain a dimethylamino functional group have been reported from the soft coral Sinularia sp., compound 3 represents the first cembrane diterpene with this functional group isolated from a Lobophytum species. Diterpenoids 1-3 exhibited moderate HIV-inhibitory activity (EC(50) approximately 3-5 microg/mL) in a cell-based in vitro anti-HIV assay.
New self-adjusted dynamic source multilevel p-channel flash memory (2000)

In this work a new multilevel programming approach employing the new self-adjusted dynamic source (SADS) structure for p-channel flash memory is studied. The memory unit is composed of a current source and a p-channel stacked-gate transistor. Using SADS structure, the final source voltage, which is not grounded, is found to be dependent on the applied drain voltage. Programmed threshold voltage is observed to be proportional to the final source voltage. Adjusting drain voltages during programming results in the predictable multilevel threshold voltages due to the self-adjusted dynamic source mechanism. The programming drain current in p-channel flash memory can be limited to a low level to achieve low power programming by adjusting the conducting current of the current source. Furthermore, the drain disturbance, which alters the stored charge of other memory cells, can be suppressed in the SADS structure by shutting off the current source and employing negative word line voltages on the unselected cells.
Does Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma Affect Postoperative Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair? (2016)

NCT01266226 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
<i>MyPhotos</i> (2002)

MyPhotos is a prototype system for home photo management and processing. Several home user orientated image processing and analysis tools are provided. And several auto grouping methods can help user to organize photos. The system also provides a natural user interface and a workflow for easy browsing and searching.
Offline Design Tuning for Hierarchies of Forecast Models. (2011)

Abstract: Forecasting of time series data is crucial for decision-making processes in many domains as it allows the prediction of future behavior. In this context, a model is fit to the observed data points of the time series by estimating the model param-eters. The computed parameters are then utilized to forecast future points in time. Existing approaches integrate forecasting into traditional relational query processing, where a forecast query requests the creation of a forecast model. Models of continued interest should be deployed only once and used many times afterwards. This however leads to additional maintenance costs as models need to be kept up-to-date. Costs can be reduced by choosing a well-defined subset of models and answering queries using derivation schemes. In contrast to materialized view selection, model selection opens a whole new problem area as results are approximate. A derivation schema might increase or decrease the accuracy of a forecast query. Thus, a two-dimensional opti-mization problem of minimizing the model cost and model usage error is introduced in this paper. Our solution consists of a greedy enumeration approach that empirically evaluates different configurations of forecast models. In our experimental evaluation, with data sets from different domains, we show the superiority of our approach over traditional approaches from forecasting literature. 1
"Odor Basics", Understanding and Using Odor Testing (2000)

Of the five senses, is the most evocative and least understood. Odor testing seems mysterious and data mythical to most practitioners. In millennium past the practice of odor was in the hands of wizards, magicians, and experts. For years engineers and operators have relied on “odor experts” to interpret testing results. Today odor, control, and nuisance are understandable subjects for plant operators, facility managers, engineering practitioners, and citizens. Some most frequently asked questions of testing: 1. What is an “odor unit”? 2. Where does the result come from? 3. How accurate is the result? 4. Are there testing standards? 5. Aren’t the results subjective? Odor is measurable and quantifiable using standard practices as published by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM E679 and E544) and by the European Union. In 2000 the proposed European Normalization Standard, prEN 13725, will be implemented and become the de facto International Standard for odor/odour testing. Frequently, testing is overlooked as a valuable tool for engineering and operations. This paper presents the diary of one sample from the sampled source through the laboratory. The data from the laboratory will also be viewed from the engineer's or facility manager's perspective for use in decision making at the facility.
Computational and experimental study of soot formation in a coflow, laminar ethylene diffusion flame (1998)

A sooting, ethylene coflow diffusion flame has been studied both experimentally and computationally. The fuel is diluted with nitrogen and the flame is slightly fifted to minimize the effects of the burner. Both probe (thermocouple and gas-sampling techniques) and optical diagnostic methods (Rayleigh scattering and laser-induced incandescence) are used to measure the temperature, gas species, and soot volume fractions. A detailed soot growth model in which the equations for particle production are coupled to the flow and gaseous species conservation equations has been used to investigate soot formation in the flame. The two-dimensional system couples detailed transport and finite-rate chemistry in the gas phase with the aerosol equations in the sectional representation. The formulation includes detailed treatment of the transport, inception, surface growth, oxidation, and coalescence of soot particulates. Effects of thermal radiation and particle scrubbing of gas-phase growth and oxidation species are also included. Predictions and measurements of temperature, soot volume fractions, and selected species are compared over a range of heights and as a function of radius. The formation of benzene is primarily controlled by the recombination of propargyl radicals, and benzene production rates are found to limit the rate of inception, as well as the net rate of soot growth. The model predicted soot volume fractions well along the wings of the flame but underpredicted soot volume fractions by a factor of four along the centerline. Oxidation of particulates is dominated by reactions with hydroxyl radicals that attain levels approximately ten times higher than calculated equilibrium levels. Gas cooling effects due to radiative loss are shown to have a very significant effect on predicted temperatures.
Learning collection fusion strategies (1995)

fusion is a data fusion problem in which the results of retrieval runs on separate, autonomous document collections must be merged to produce a single, effective result.
Replacement of Glucose with <i>N</i>-Acetylglucosamine in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid—Experimental Study in Rats (2001)

As an alternative to glucose, NAG used for the osmotic solute in peritoneal dialysis solution decreases the intraperitoneal inflammatory reaction induced by the process of peritoneal dialysis and, indirectly (owing to the increased hyaluronan content in the peritoneal interstitium), diminishes peritoneal permeability to protein.
Mechanisms of Action of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone on Rat Granulosa Cells (1986)

To elucidate the mechanisms of stimulatory actions of GnRH on rat granulosa cells (GC), we have compared the actions of a GnRH agonist with those of a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and Ca+2 ionophore, A23187. GC were obtained from immature (28-29 days old) rats 48 h after injection of 20 IU PMSG. Following prelabeling with 3[H]arachidonic acid (AA), the cells were incubated with the test substances for 10 min and AA release determined. A GnRH agonist, [D-Ala6, des-Gly-NH2(10)] GnRH ethylamide (GnRHa; 10 ng/ml) increased AA release 175% compared to the control value. AA release in the presence of GnRHa was larger than that due to 1 microM A23187 or 40 nM TPA alone. A23187 or TPA increased GnRHa-stimulated AA release further. GC were incubated with the test substances for longer time periods, i.e., up to 5 h. GnRHa caused a 4-fold increase in prostaglandin (PG) synthase activity at 5 h. GnRHa increased PGE accumulation to the same extent as TPA, but only increased PG synthase activity about half as much. In combination with TPA, GnRHa had no influence on TPA-stimulated PG synthase activity, but increased PGE accumulation to levels comparable to those with A23187 plus TPA. GnRHa caused a 2.5 fold increase in progesterone (P) accumulation, which was the same as TPA. P accumulation in the presence of GnRHa was affected by neither A23187 nor TPA. These data indicate that the combination of TPA and A23187 can substitute for GnRH action on PGE and P accumulation in rat GC.