gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-rate LDPC codes with simple protograph structure (2005)

This paper provides a construction method for low-rate low density parity check codes. Inspired by recently proposed accumulate-repeat-accumulate (ARA) codes, and hybrid concatenated codes, in this paper we extend the construction to low rates. Such codes can be viewed as hybrid concatenations of simple modules such as accumulators, repetition codes, differentiators, and punctured single parity check codes. These codes constitute a subclass of LDPC codes with very fast encoder structure. They also have a projected graph or protograph representation that allows for high-speed decoder implementation. Based on density evolution, we show through some examples that low iterative decoding thresholds close to the channel capacity limits can be achieved, as the block size goes to infinity. Iterative decoding simulation results for short blocks are provided for a few examples that show near-capacity performance and very low error floor
Development of high-sensitivity SWIR APD receivers (2013)

Emerging short wavelength infrared (SWIR) LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) and long range laser rangefinder systems, require large optical aperture avalanche photodiodes (APDs) receivers with high sensitivity and high bandwidth. A large optical aperture is critical to increase the optical coupling efficiency and extend the LIDAR sensing range of the above systems. Both APD excess noise and transimpedance amplifier (TIA) noise need to be reduced in order to achieve high receiver sensitivity. The dark current and capacitance of large area APDs increase with APD aperture and thus limit the sensitivity and bandwidth of receivers. Spectrolab has been developing low excess noise InAlAs/InGaAs APDs with impact ionization engineering (I<sup>2</sup>E) designs for many years and has demonstrated APDs with optical gain over 100 utilizing multiple period I<sup>2</sup>E structures in the APD multiplier. These high gain I<sup>2</sup>E APDs have an excess noise factor less than 0.15. With an optical aperture of 200 μm, low excess noise multiple periods I<sup>2</sup>E APDs have capacitances about 1.7 pF. In addition, optical gains of InAlAs based APDs show very little temperature dependence and will enable APD photoreceivers without thermal electric cooling.
Slew-Rate and Efficiency Trade-off in Slow Envelope Tracking Power Amplifiers (2012)

This paper presents a study on the trade-off between the envelope's slew-rate and the drain efficiency when slower envelopes are considered to dynamically supply the power amplifier (PA). This paper discusses a method to limit the slew-rate (and consequently the bandwidth) of the signal's envelope. Moreover, since the envelope tracking (ET) technique using a slower version of the original envelope introduces nonlinear distortion, slow envelope dependent predistortion has to be also incorporated in the design of ET PAs. Experimental results showed that it is possible to find a compromise between the bandwidth and slew-rate reduction (necessary to cope with the specific envelope amplifier requirements) and the amount of drain efficiency degradation suffered due to the use of a slower version of the original envelope.
Friends Not Foes: CTLA-4 Blockade and mTOR Inhibition Cooperate during CD8+ T Cell Priming To Promote Memory Formation and Metabolic Readiness (2015)

During primary Ag encounter, T cells receive numerous positive and negative signals that control their proliferation, function, and differentiation, but how these signals are integrated to modulate T cell memory has not been fully characterized. In these studies, we demonstrate that combining seemingly opposite signals, CTLA-4 blockade and rapamycin-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition, during in vivo T cell priming leads to both an increase in the frequency of memory CD8(+) T cells and improved memory responses to tumors and bacterial challenges. This enhanced efficacy corresponds to increased early expansion and memory precursor differentiation of CD8(+) T cells and increased mitochondrial biogenesis and spare respiratory capacity in memory CD8(+) T cells in mice treated with anti-CTLA-4 and rapamycin during immunization. Collectively, these results reveal that mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition cooperates with rather than antagonizes blockade of CTLA-4, promoting unrestrained effector function and proliferation, and an optimal metabolic program for CD8(+) T cell memory.
Flavopereirine Inhibits Autophagy via the AKT/p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in MDA-MB-231 Cells (2020)

Autophagy is a potential target for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Because of a lack of targeted therapies for TNBC, it is vital to find optimal agents that avoid chemoresistance and metastasis. Flavopereirine has anti-proliferation ability in cancer cells, but whether it regulates autophagy in breast cancer cells remains unclear. A Premo™ Tandem Autophagy Sensor Kit was used to image the stage at which flavopereirine affects autophagy by confocal microscopy. A plasmid that constitutively expresses p-AKT and siRNA targeting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was used to confirm the related signaling pathways by Western blot. We found that flavopereirine induced microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II accumulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in MDA-MB-231 cells. Confocal florescent images showed that flavopereirine blocked autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. Western blotting showed that flavopereirine directly suppressed p-AKT levels and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) translation. Recovery of AKT phosphorylation decreased the level of p-p38 MAPK and LC3-II, but not mTOR. Moreover, flavopereirine-induced LC3-II accumulation was partially reduced in MDA-MB-231 cells that were transfected with p38 MAPK siRNA. Overall, flavopereirine blocked autophagy via LC3-II accumulation in autophagosomes, which was mediated by the AKT/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
Left main coronary artery dissection during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (1986)

Acute dissection of the left main coronary artery during diagnostic cardiac catheterization with selective coronary arteriography is an uncommon but recognized complication of the procedure. That similar dissection may occur during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is less well recognized. This report describes two cases of left main coronary dissection resulting in acute occlusion that occurred during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and demonstrates that survival with essentially complete functional recovery may result if immediate surgical intervention is undertaken. Recognition and treatment of this potentially catastrophic complication of angioplasty is described.
[Development of super high-sensitive measurement of proteins by combination of ELISA and enzyme cycling methods]. (2012)

We attempted to develop a super high-sensitive measurement for determination of a small amount of protein by combination of ELISA and enzyme cycling methods. Because protein cannot be amplified, we must amplify the signal intensity corresponding to the amount of protein. For this purpose, we noted that an enzyme cycling method could amplify the signal released from ELISA. In our measurement system, we adopted the thio-NAD cycling method as one of the enzyme cycling methods following ELISA. For example, we employed alkaline phosphatase as an enzyme labeled with an antibody and androsterone phosphate as a substrate for the alkaline phosphatase in ELISA. We then applied a dehydrogenase with a coenzyme, thio NAD, to the thio-NAD cycling method. The signal was measured as the absorbance of thio-NADH, which is generated by the dehydrogenase from the substrate, androsterone, and the coenzyme, thio-NAD. Our measurement system showed that the detection limit of alkaline phosphatase reached 10(-20) mol and that the detection limit of a given protein was 10(-18) mol. Our measurement system will be a powerful tool for diagnosis and assessment of the progress of a disease.
Electrochemical Destruction of Aniline and 4‐Chloroaniline for Wastewater Treatment Using a Carbon‐PTFE  O 2 ‐ Fed Cathode (1995)

The electrochemical degradation of 100 ppm aniline and 4‐chloroaniline in basic aqueous solutions of pH ranging between 10.1 and 12.7 has been studied at constant current intensity using a anode and a carbon‐polytetrafluoroethylene. Under these conditions, hydrogen peroxide was electrogenerated in the cell via a two‐electron reduction of oxygen gas fed to the cathode. The current efficiency for generation depended on the applied current intensity and the background electrolyte used. The concentration decay for each contaminant with electrolysis time was followed by high pressure liquid chromotography (HPLC). Kinetic analysis of these data showed a pseudo first‐order decomposition reaction for both substrates at anodic current densities of or higher, as well as a decrease of their half‐lifetimes when current intensity increased. A gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) for solutions with electrolysis time was always found. Product analysis of these electrolyzed solutions by gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) and HPLC allowed the detection of nitrobenzene and 1‐chloro‐4‐nitrobenzene proceeding from the anodic decomposition of aniline and 4‐chloroaniline, respectively. Maleic acid was also detected as intermediate and ammonia was found as final product. Destruction of initial pollutants and intermediates is explained by their oxidative reactions with OH⋅ and at the anode reaction layer. The effect of upon decomposition pathways of anilines is discussed.
Cavity Combiner for S-Band Solid-State Amplifier for the High-Power Klystron at SLAC (1990)

Design and construction of a cavity-type combiner is described to be used in combining output power of pulsed transistor amplifier modules at Sband. A four-way TM<sub>010</sub> mode cavity power combiner achieved a transmission loss of less than 0.2 dB.
United States' factor XI-deficiency patients need a safer treatment (2005)

A replacement factor for Factor XI with is virally inactivated is not available in the U.S. Elsewhere an inactivated concentrate has been used. A review of the experience over 15 years suggests that this product is safe and effective and suggests its potential use in the U.S. The most serious complication of the factor was a slight increase in DIC and thrombotic events.
USB Key-Based Dual-Factor Dynamic Authentication Scheme (2010)

In the Digital Rights Management (DRM) platform, the weak security of user authentication online and the digital content usage offline are analyzed, and a dual-factor dynamic authentication scheme is designed, which is based on the Personal Identity Number (PIN) authentication and the hardware USB Key digital certificate authentication. On this basis, the architecture of the dynamic certification scheme is discussed mainly, and the dual-factor security authentication protocol is elaborated in detail. The feasibility of this scheme in the DRM platform is analyzed. The scheme not only strengthens the security and dynamic of the identity authentication, but also enhances reliability against offline proliferation.
Skin Cancer (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Calculation of the optical constants of a thin layer upon a transparent substrate from the reflection spectrum (1989)

A method has been proposed for calculation of the optical constants of a thin layer upon a transparent substrate only from the reflection spectrum into the region of transmission of the layer. The envelopes of the maxima of the spectrum RM and of the minima Rm are used, taking into account the finite dimensions of the substrate. The algorithm of the calculations is similar to the one proposed by Swanepoel (1983) using the transmission spectrum. The method makes it possible to calculate the thickness of the layer and the refractive index n with an error of 0.2%. The correct description of the dispersive relationship of n is obtained for an amorphous layer Ge19As21S60.
Risk Factors for Fluconazole-Resistant Candidiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients (1996)

In a case-control study to identify risk factors for fluconazole-resistant oroesophageal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, 25 patients with clinical and in vitro fluconazole-resistant candidiasis were paired with controls who had treatment-responsive candidiasis and who had been observed for similar time periods. After their first episode of candidiasis, patients who later developed fluconazole resistance had more treated episodes than did matched controls (cases, 3.1; controls, 1.8; P = .004), lower median CD4 cell counts (11/mm3 vs. 71/mm/3; P = .004), and greater median durations of all antifungal therapy (419 vs. 118 days; P < .001) and of systemic azole therapy (272 vs. 14 days; P < .001). When paired with a second set of controls matched by CD4 cell count as well as first diagnosis of candidiasis, cases continued to show greater median exposure to azoles (272 vs. 88 days; P = .005). These data indicate that advanced immunosuppression and exposure to oral azoles are risk factors for the development of fluconazole resistance.
A case study of applying spectral clustering technique in the value analysis of an outfitter&#x2019;s customer database (2007)

This case study applies the spectral clustering technique in the value analysis of the customer database of an outfitter in Taipei, Taiwan. By considering gender, birth date, zip code, shopping frequency, and the total spending, the spectral clustering analysis found six clusters among 551 member customers from the company’s database. In addition to the clustering analysis, different promotion strategies based on two recency-frequency-monetary based loyalty strategies matrices for the members of different clusters are provided. The analysis shows that Clusters 5 and 3 are the two most important groups and one group of customers may have to be abandoned to save the company’s marketing resources.
Platform for Quantitative Evaluation of Spatial Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Multiplexed Fluorescence Images (2017)

We introduce THRIVE (Tumor Heterogeneity Research Interactive Visualization Environment), an open-source tool developed to assist cancer researchers in interactive hypothesis testing. The focus of this tool is to quantify spatial intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH), and the interactions between different cell phenotypes and noncellular constituents. Specifically, we foresee applications in phenotyping cells within tumor microenvironments, recognizing tumor boundaries, identifying degrees of immune infiltration and epithelial/stromal separation, and identification of heterotypic signaling networks underlying microdomains. The THRIVE platform provides an integrated workflow for analyzing whole-slide immunofluorescence images and tissue microarrays, including algorithms for segmentation, quantification, and heterogeneity analysis. THRIVE promotes flexible deployment, a maintainable code base using open-source libraries, and an extensible framework for customizing algorithms with ease. THRIVE was designed with highly multiplexed immunofluorescence images in mind, and, by providing a platform to efficiently analyze high-dimensional immunofluorescence signals, we hope to advance these data toward mainstream adoption in cancer research. <i>Cancer Res; 77(21); e71-74. ©2017 AACR</i>.
BAE-NET: Branched Autoencoder for Shape Co-Segmentation (2019)

We treat shape co-segmentation as a representation learning problem and introduce BAE-NET, a branched autoencoder network, for the task. The unsupervised BAE-NET is trained with a collection of un-segmented shapes, using a shape reconstruction loss, without any ground-truth labels. Specifically, the network takes an input shape and encodes it using a convolutional neural network, whereas the decoder concatenates the resulting feature code with a point coordinate and outputs a value indicating whether the point is inside/outside the shape. Importantly, the decoder is branched: each branch learns a compact representation for one commonly recurring part of the shape collection, e.g., airplane wings. By complementing the shape reconstruction loss with a label loss, BAE-NET is easily tuned for one-shot learning. We show unsupervised, weakly supervised, and one-shot learning results by BAE-NET, demonstrating that using only a couple of exemplars, our network can generally outperform state-of-the-art supervised methods trained on hundreds of segmented shapes. Code is available at https://github.com/czq142857/BAE-NET.
Sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor from the synthetic vascular prosthesis using hydroxypropylchitosan acetate (1995)

We designed a model vascular prosthesis consisting of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore Tex) loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and studied its in vivo bFGF release behavior. To control the release rate of bFGF, biodegradable hydroxypropylchitosan acetate (HPCHA) was also incorporated into the Gore Tex disks with bFGF. HPCHA was dissolved in bFGF solution (180 micrograms/ml) at a concentration of 4% (wt/vol). A Gore Tex tube was cut into a length of about 5 cm and one end was sealed with a vascular clamp. The tube was then filled with resulting solution under appropriate pressure until the solvents seeped through the pores. The tube loaded with bFGF solution was freeze-dried and was cut into disks (0.75 cm in diameter). bFGF content in a HPCHA-free Gore disk was 2.05 +/- 0.32 micrograms (SE, n = 5). bFGF content in a HPCHA Gore disk was 2.71 +/- 0.41 micrograms (SE, n = 5). In an in vivo study in which the bFGF loaded Gore Tex disk was implanted in rabbit skin pockets, almost 100% of bFGF from HPCHA-free disks was released within 24 h, whereas some 60% remained after 24 h in the HPCHA-loaded disks. HPCHA is a useful biodegradable carrier for controlling the release rate of the drug from the synthetic vascular prosthesis.
Luminous intensity of a gradient-index lens array (1982)

The illuminance of a gradient-index lens array is analyzed theoretically, and some examples of the design of a line scanning optical system are discussed.
Detecting faults and channels while enhancing seismic structural and stratigraphic features (2018)

A 3D seismic image contains structural and stratigraphic features such as reflections, faults, and channels. When smoothing such an image, we want to enhance all of these features so that they are easier to interpret. Most smoothing methods aim to enhance reflections but may blur faults and channels in the image. A few methods smooth seismic reflections while preserving faults and channel boundaries. However, it has not well-discussed to smooth simultaneously along the seismic reflections and channels, which are linear features apparent within dipping reflections. In addition, to interpret faults and channels, extra steps are required to compute attributes or mappings of faults and channels from a seismic image. Such fault and channel attributes are often sensitive to noise because they are typically computed as discontinuities of seismic reflections. In this paper, we have developed methods to simultaneously enhance seismic reflections, faults, and channels while obtaining mappings of the faults and channels. In these methods, we first estimate the orientations of the reflections, faults, and channels directly in a seismic image. We then use the estimated orientations to control the smoothing directions in an efficient iterative diffusion scheme to smooth a seismic image along the reflections and channels. In this iterative scheme, we also efficiently compute mappings of faults and channels, which are used to control smoothing extents in the diffusion to stop smoothing across them. This diffusion scheme iteratively smooths a seismic image along reflections and channels while updating the mappings of faults and channels. By doing this, we will finally obtain an enhanced seismic image (with enhanced reflections and channels and sharpened faults) and cleaned mappings of faults and channels (discontinuities related to noise are cleaned up). We have examined the methods using 2D and 3D real seismic images.
Effect of Molecule−Molecule Interaction on the Electronic Properties of Molecularly Modified Si/SiO<i><sub>x</sub></i>Surfaces (2003)

We use the adsorption of systematically substituted silanes with either simple alkyl or alkyl phenyl ether chains onto oxidized Si to study the electronic effects of such molecular monolayers on Si. While there is no significant effect of distance of the substituents from the surface, a strong effect of what we interpret as depolarization is found for layers made up of molecules with high (>5 D) free molecule dipole moment. This is also apparent from differences in UV−visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral features, suggesting changes in molecular conformation, and, especially, from the measured contact potential differences. These reflect the modified surface's electron affinity and, thus, the effective dipole moment of the monolayer. The effect is ascribed to the system's response to the energetic price of dipole−dipole repulsion.
Temperature dependence of the complete material coefficients matrix of soft and hard doped piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate ceramics (2007)

We have used resonance methods to determine the variation of all the independent piezoelectric, elastic, and dielectric material coefficients, as well as the corresponding electromechanical coupling factors, of soft and hard doped piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary, as a function of temperature ranging between −165 and 195°C. The material coefficients were obtained by analyzing the fundamental resonance of the impedance or admittance spectra as a function of frequency for several sample resonance geometries. The piezoelectric coefficients d33, −d31, and d15, as well as the dielectric permittivity coefficients ε11T and ε33T, generally increased with temperature for both soft and hard PZT samples. However, the elastic compliance coefficients s11E, −s12E, s33E, and s55E exhibited abnormal variations seen as broad peaks over parts of the tested temperature range. Additionally, thermal hystereses were observed in all the studied material coefficients over the temperature cycle. Finally, it was noted that, overall, the material coefficients of soft PZT varied significantly more than those of hard PZT under changing temperature conditions.