gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influences of business and decision makers’ characteristics on disaster preparedness—A study on the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (2011)

Disaster preparedness is very important for business continuity, but the determinants of disaster preparedness in business organizations have not been explored much in existing research. Therefore, in this article we undertake to analyze the influences of organizational and decision makers’ characteristics on business disaster preparedness. In 1997, eight years after the Loma Prieta earthquake, the Disaster Research Center at University of Delaware conducted a large-scale mail questionnaire survey in Santa Cruz County, California, which was hard-hit by the 1989 earthquake. A total of 933 completed surveys from business organizations were obtained. Our analysis is based on this historical dataset. The results revealed that larger companies are more likely to engage in disaster preparedness activities, which is consistent with previous studies. Companies in finance, insurance, and real estate sectors tend to prepare more for disasters compared with wholesale and retail trade firms. Disaster experience has a significant and positive impact on business disaster preparedness, and the degree of lifeline loss can be a reasonable indicator of the disaster experiences of business organizations. One interesting finding is that the better a company’s financial condition is, the less it will engage in preparing for disasters. Finally, the risk perception of business owners or decision makers has a statistically significant and consistent positive effect on business disaster preparedness activities.
“延續生命 擴大生命”——何懷宏教授〈預期壽命與生命之道〉讀後 (2014)

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Professor He’s paper raises a very interesting question: how does life span relate to way of life? Moving beyond clichéd approaches to health preservation, Professor He innovatively attributes the longevity of Chinese philosophers in the 20th century to their special way of life, informed by traditional Chinese wisdom. In my paper, I use the life history of Shen Congwen to show how we can lead long and prosperous lives. Shen Congwen’s devotion to academic research, beginning in 1949, enabled him to maintain his integrity in later life despite his unfavorable political environment. I suggest that independent intellectual self-actualization played a significant role in the happy life enjoyed by Shen and the lives of many intellectuals like him.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 33 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Monocytes-Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Involved in the Initiation of the Insulitis and β-Cell Destruction in NOD Mice (1994)

This immunohistochemical study describes the infiltration pattern of monocytes-macrophages and dendritic cells during the development of insulitis and diabetes in the NOD mouse. A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) was used to analyze pancreases of nondiabetic (glucosuria negative) male and female NOD mice at 3, 7, 10, and 17 weeks of age. BALB/c female mice 17-weeks-old, diabetic NOD female mice 20- to 30-weeks-old, and nondiabetic NOD male mice 22-weeks-old were used as controls. Three MoAbs (viz., ER-MP23, MOMA1, and BM8) were special and appeared to identify macrophage/dendritic cell subsets that either had a characteristic infiltration pattern in the initial phases of the autoimmune reaction before T-cell infiltration or were typical for the later beta-cell destructive insulitis process. 1) Raised numbers of ER-MP23+ and MOMA-1+ dendritic cells/macrophages were characteristic for the initial phases of the NOD insulitis in 3-week-old mice. The cells were found in and near swollen para-insular vessels. In 7-week-old mice, these ER-MP23+ and MOMA-1+ cells had accumulated around the islets and were the first hematopoietic cells detectable at these spots. 2) From 7 weeks of age onward, BM8+ macrophages could be found in the para- and peri-insulitis processes. However, only in females were these BM8+ macrophages found to infiltrate into the islets. In lymphoid tissues, ER-MP23 predominantly reacts with macrophages/dendritic cells present in the subcapsular and interfollicular sinuses of lymph nodes and the T-cell zones of these lymph nodes. ER-MP23 also reacts with tissue macrophages/dendritic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synergistic Multisites Fe<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>6</sub>S<sub>8</sub> Electrocatalysts for Ambient Nitrogen Conversion to Ammonia (2021)

Electrochemical hydrogenation of N<sub>2</sub> under ambient conditions is attractive for sustainable and distributable NH<sub>3</sub> production but is limited by the lack of selective electrocatalysts. Herein, we describe active site motifs based on the Chevrel phase chalcogenide Fe<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>6</sub>S<sub>8</sub> that exhibit intrinsic activities for converting N<sub>2</sub> to NH<sub>3</sub> in aqueous electrolytes. Despite having a very low specific surface area of ∼2 m<sup>2</sup>/g, this catalyst exhibited a Faradaic efficiency of 12.5% and an average rate of 70 μg h<sup>-1</sup> mg<sub>cat</sub><sup>-1</sup> for NH<sub>3</sub> production at -0.20 V vs RHE. Such activities were attributed to the unique composition and structure of Fe<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>6</sub>S<sub>8</sub> that provide synergistic multisites for activating and associating key reaction intermediates. Specifically, Fe/Mo sites assist adsorption and activation of N<sub>2</sub>, whereas S sites stabilize hydrogen intermediate H<sub>ad</sub>* for N<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation. Fe in Fe<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>6</sub>S<sub>8</sub> enhances binding of S with H<sub>ad</sub>* and thus inhibits the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. The spatial geometry of Fe, Mo, and S sites in Fe<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>6</sub>S<sub>8</sub> promotes conversion of N<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>ad</sub>* association intermediates, reaching a turnover frequency of ∼0.23 s<sup>-1</sup> for NH<sub>3</sub> production.
Effectiveness of Live Attenuated vs Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Children During the 2012-2013 Through 2015-2016 Influenza Seasons in Alberta, Canada (2018)

There was no evidence to support the lack of effectiveness of LAIV against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. These results support administration of either vaccine type in this age group.
Performance Measure of Binomial Model for Pricing American and European Options (2014)

Binomial model is a powerful technique that can be used to solve many complex option-pricing problems. In contrast to the Black-Scholes model and other option pricing models that require solutions to stochastic differential equations, the binomial option pricing model is mathematically simple. It is based on the assumption of no arbitrage. The assumption of no arbitrage implies that all risk-free investments earn the risk-free rate of return and no investment opportunities exists that requires zero amount of investment but yield positive returns. It is the activity of many individuals operating within the context of financial market that, in fact, upholds these conditions. The activities of the arbitrageurs or speculators are often maligned in the media, but their activities insure that financial markets work. They insure that financial assets such as options are priced within a narrow tolerance of their theoretical values. In this paper we use binomial model to derive the Black-Scholes equation using the risk-neutral expectation formula. We also use binomial model for the valuation of European and American options. Lastly, the primary reason why the binomial model is used is its flexibility compared to the Black-Scholes model and it is also used to price a wide variety of options.
The AmMYB308 and AmMYB330 Transcription Factors from Antirrhinum Regulate Phenylpropanoid and Lignin Biosynthesis in Transgenic Tobacco (1998)

Lodovico Tamagnone, Angel Merida, Adrian Parr, Steve Mackay, Francisco A. Culianez-Macia, Keith Roberts, Cathie Martin, The AmMYB308 and AmMYB330 Transcription Factors from Antirrhinum Regulate Phenylpropanoid and Lignin Biosynthesis in Transgenic Tobacco, The Plant Cell, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Feb., 1998), pp. 135-154
Fast geometric transformations for image processing (1991)

Abstract The algorithms of affine, bilinear, projective, polynomial, and piecewise polynomial transformations of the raster image are suggested. Application of various iterative procedures allows us to reduce considerably the execution time of these transformations in comparison with the programs by the straightforward formulas application.
The Leptin Receptor Activates Janus Kinase 2 and Signals for Proliferation in a Factor-Dependent Cell Line (1997)

The antiobesity effects of leptin are mediated by the obese receptor (OB-R), a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily. Several isoforms of OB-R that differ in the length of the cytoplasmic domain have been described. An isoform with a long cytoplasmic domain of 302 amino acids, termed OB-Rb, contains the conserved box 1 and box 2 motifs and is likely to be responsible for leptin-induced signaling. A point mutation in the OB-R gene of diabetes (db) mice generates a new splice donor that interferes with the correct splicing of the OB-Rb mRNA and is predicted to cause absence of the OB-Rb protein in db/db mice. Here we examined the signaling potential of the long isoform, OB-Rb, and of a short isoform, OB-Ra, in BaF3 cells, a factor-dependent hematopoietic cell line. The long isoform was able to generate a proliferative signal and upon leptin binding, activated janus kinase 2 (Jak2). Consistently, antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of OB-R coprecipitated Jak2. The short isoform, OB-Ra, was inactive in both proliferation and Jak activation. These results provide further support for the long isoform, OB-Rb, being the principal mediator of the effects of leptin and help to explain why db/db mice are resistant to leptin, despite the presence of the short OB-R isoforms.
Solving the Optimal Trading Trajectory Problem Using a Quantum Annealer (2016)

We solve a multi-period portfolio optimization problem using D-Wave Systems' quantum annealer. We derive a formulation of the problem, discuss several possible integer encoding schemes, and present numerical examples that show high success rates. The formulation incorporates transaction costs (including permanent and temporary market impact), and, significantly, the solution does not require the inversion of a covariance matrix. The discrete multi-period portfolio optimization problem we solve is significantly harder than the continuous variable problem. We present insight into how results may be improved using suitable software enhancements and why current quantum annealing technology limits the size of problem that can be successfully solved today. The formulation presented is specifically designed to be scalable, with the expectation that as quantum annealing technology improves, larger problems will be solvable using the same techniques.
Stability of Supported Ruthenium Catalysts for Lignin Gasification in Supercritical Water (2006)

We evaluated the stability of several supported ruthenium catalysts, on titania (Ru/TiO2), on γ-alumina (Ru/γ-A2O3), and on activated carbon (Ru/C), for lignin gasification in supercritical water. The initial activity of the catalysts was in the order of Ru/TiO2 > Ru/γ-A2O3 > Ru/C. The Ru/TiO2 catalyst maintained high gasification activities for three subseqent uses in supercritical water. The Ru/C catalyst showed the high gasification activity for the first run; however, the activity decreased gradually after repetitive use because of its decreasing surface area during the gasification. The Ru/γ-A2O3 catalyst also showed a high activity at the initial stage; however, it lost its activity fast because of the change in its structure from gamma- to alpha-phase and dissolution of active ruthenium speacies into supercritical water.
Trellis-coded pulse-position modulation for optical communication systems impaired by pulsewidth inaccuracies (1999)

A trellis-coded pulse-position modulation (T-PPM) scheme for direct-detection photon communications over unguided channels is described. The purpose of this signaling method is to combat performance degradation due to the spreading of received signal pulses caused by transmitting laser distortion and the finite area and bandwidth of optical detectors. The T-PPM scheme relies upon use of a set partitioning methodology to increase minimum distance using a simple convolutional encoder. The Viterbi algorithm is used at the receiver to separate the signaling set as part of the demodulation process. It is shown through both analysis and Monte Carlo simulation of an avalanche photodiode based receiver system that T-PPM can restore performance losses due to reduced peak intensity during the detection process. Furthermore, for a large range of background radiation levels, the average number of required signal photons per information bit for T-PPM is smaller than that of uncoded PPM. Specific examples show that for a symbol error rate of 0.001, when the received pulses extend over 4 PPM slot widths, the average laser energy per symbol for 256-ary T-PPM could be reduced by as much as 2 dB.
Flow Performance Of Perforation Tunnels Created With Shaped Charges Using Reactive Liner Technology (2009)

Abstract We report on a series of laboratory flow experiments comparing the productivity of perforations created with reactive liner charges against those created with conventional liner charges. Three of the tests involved shots into an outcrop carbonate rock called Indiana Limestone. Three of the tests involved shots into an outcrop sandstone rock called Berea Sandstone. Four different charge types were tested, including one standard (conventional) charge and three different designs of reactive liner charges. Among all charges, the only difference of note was the design and composition of the liner. All other charge design parameters were kept constant. For both rock types, the reactive liner charges produced perforations with lower productivity than the baseline conventional charge. The reduction in the normalized Productivity Ratio (PRn) ranged from 29% to 66%. Furthermore, the reactive liner charges produced characteristic "dynamic overbalance" conditions in the wellbore, in a system configuration which produced dynamic underbalance for the conventional charge. We conclude that the reactive liner charges tested are detrimental to productivity in naturally perforated completions.
Conformational Equilibrium of Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) Imide Anion of a Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid:  Raman Spectroscopic Study and DFT Calculations (2006)

The structure of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFSI-) in the liquid state has been studied by means of Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Raman spectra of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI+) TFSI- show relatively strong bands arising from TFSI- at about 398 and 407 cm(-1). Interestingly, the 407 cm(-1) band, relative to the 398 cm(-1) one, is appreciably intensified with raising temperature, suggesting that an equilibrium is established between TFSI- conformers in the liquid state. According to DFT calculations followed by normal frequency analyses, two conformers of C2 and C1 symmetry, respectively, constitute global and local minima, with an energy difference 2.2-3.3 kJ mol(-1). The wagging omega-SO2 vibration appears at 396 and 430 cm(-1) for the C1 conformer and at 387 and 402 cm(-1) for the C2 one. Observed Raman spectra over the range 380-440 cm(-1) were deconvoluted to extract intrinsic bands of TFSI- conformers, and the enthalpy of conformational change from C2 to C1 was evaluated. The enthalpy value is in good agreement with that obtained by theoretical calculations. We thus conclude that a conformational equilibrium is established between the C1 and C2 conformers of TFSI- in the liquid EMI+TFSI-, and the C2 conformer is more favorable than the C1 one.
A Framework of Joint Energy Provisioning and Manufacturing Scheduling in Smart Industrial Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (2018)

Energy provisioning is always a crucial problem restricting the further development and application of smart industrial wireless sensor networks in smart factories. In this paper, we present that it is necessary to develop smart industrial wireless rechargeable sensor networks (SIWRSNs) in a smart factory environment. Based on the complexity and time-effectiveness of factory operations, we establish a joint optimization framework named J-EPMS to effectively coordinate the charging strategies of wireless sensors and the scheduling plans of machines running. Then, we propose a novel double chains quantum genetic algorithm with Taboo search (DCQGA-TS) for J-EPMS to obtain a suboptimal solution. The simulation results demonstrate that the DCQGA-TS algorithm can maximally ensure the continuous manufacturing and markedly shorten the total completion time of all production tasks.
Isolation and characterization of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein from horses, and its evaluation as an acute-phase reactive protein in horses. (1992)

Equine alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1AG) was isolated from equine serum by successive ammonium precipitation, anion- and cation-exchange chromatographies, and gel filtration. Purified equine alpha 1AG had a molecular weight of 46,000 +/- 1,000, and contained 31.4% carbohydrate. Gel isoelectric focusing revealed an isoelectric point range of 2.8 to 3.7. With immunoelectrophoresis, it was found that alpha 1AG migrated to the alpha 1-globulin region. Single radial immunodiffusion was used for quantitative measurement of alpha 1AG in equine serum. In clinically normal foals, serum alpha 1AG was undetectable (less than or equal to 20 micrograms/ml) in less than or equal to 7-day-old foals, but was detected by 14 days. The alpha 1AG concentration (mean +/- SD) increased to reach mean adult values of 99.23 +/- 26.90 micrograms/ml by 1 year of age. The alpha 1AG concentration in pregnant mares decreased at 2 to 3 months before parturition, then gradually increased until 1 day after parturition, when a brief decrease was observed. The concentration increased again at 2 weeks after foaling, then a decrease was observed, after which the alpha 1AG concentration increased again by 2 to 4 months after parturition. The concentration of serum alpha 1AG quickly rose to peak values 2 to 3 days after castration and jejunojejunostomy in adult horses, returning to baseline values by 14 to 28 days after surgery. The alpha 1AG was concluded to be an acute-phase reactive protein in horses.
Immunization against hepatitis B: comparison of immune response to intradermal, intramuscular, and combined vaccination (2001)

Background and Purpose: Immunogenicity studies of the plasma derived vaccine showed it to be highly effective. Due to the relatively high cost of immunization and need of large scale protection of the high risk groups, comparative studies of the vaccine effectiveness with intramuscular (IM) and intradermal (ID) administration were conducted, yielding no significant effectiveness difference between the two routes of administration. Material and Methods: Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was given to 218 helath workers using three different of administration. Recombinant DNA vaccine was administered to 218 health care workers aged 20-60 years. IM in 72 ID in 115, and IMID (intramuscular intradermal) in 31 subjects. Antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were detected by the method of enzime radioimmunoassay. Results: The rate of seroconversion was 90.3% for intramuscular, 33.9% with a low mean antibody titer (24 mlU/mL) for intradermal, and 100% with a relatively low mean antibody titer 94/mlU/mL) for combination route of vaccination administration. Statistical analysis using t-test showed a significantly better response to IM and IMID than to ID route of Vaccination (p=0.0001) There was no statistically significant sex difference in the rate of seroconversion and antibody titer. Conclusion: The intramuscular route is recommended as the most appropriate roue of vaccination for health care workers.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Fabrication of Ferrite MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (M: Zn, Mg)/Fe Composite Thin Films by Soft Solution Processing. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wide-bandwidth frequency doubling with high conversion efficiency (1992)

We have designed and demonstrated two wide-bandwidth frequency doublers capable of second-harmonic generation over the entire 100-nm cavity optics bandwidth of a passively mode-locked Ti:Al2O3 laser with no loss in conversion efficiency across the bandwidth. The frequency doublers are passive, utilizing prism dispersion to achieve phase matching over this bandwidth, and exhibit minimal pulse broadening that is due to group-velocity dispersion. Our calculations show that the theoretical bandwidth of these dispersive frequency doublers extends across nearly the entire Ti:Al2O3 laser tuning range.
Fibre optic sensor for the detection of adulterant traces in coconut oil (2005)

The design and development of a fibre optic evanescent wave refractometer\nfor the detection of trace amounts of paraffin oil and palm oil in coconut oil\nis presented. This sensor is based on a side-polished plastic optical fibre. At\nthe sensing region, the cladding and a small portion of the core are removed\nand the fibre nicely polished. The sensing region is fabricated in such a\nmanner that it sits perfectly within a bent mould. This bending of the\nsensing region enhances its sensitivity. The oil mixture of different mix\nratios is introduced into the sensing region and we observed a sharp decrease\nin the output intensity. The observed variation in the intensity is found to be\nlinear and the detection limit is 2% (by volume) paraffin oil/palm oil in\ncoconut oil. The resolution of this refractometric sensor is of the order of\n10−3. Since coconut oil is consumed in large volumes as edible oil in south\nIndia, this fibre optic sensor finds great relevance for the detection of\nadulterants such as paraffin oil or palm oil which are readily miscible in\ncoconut oil. The advantage of this type of sensor is that it is inexpensive and\neasy to set up. Another attraction of the side-polished fibre is that only a\nvery small amount of analyte is needed and its response time is only 7 s.