gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A sub-0.1-μm grooved gate MOSFET with high immunity to short-channel effects (2002)

Grooved gate MOSFETs in the sub-0.1-/spl mu/m regime have been studied by both experiments and simulations. Phase-shifted lithography was used to realize sub-0.1-/spl mu/m gate length. The fabricated device shows no threshold voltage roll-off into sub-0.1-/spl mu/m regime. The effects of the grooved gate structures are investigated using a nonplanar device simulator, and the optimization of the groove corner shape is found to be important to obtain high device performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiplier for delta-modulated signals (1978)

A new method for multiplying delta-modulated signals by a constant is suggeated. The rate multiplier is employed here for this multiplication.
Large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition: advances and applications (2000)

The past decade (1990-2000) has witnessed substantial advances in speech recognition technology, which when combined with the increase in computational power and storage capacity has resulted in a variety of commercial products already or soon to be on the market. The authors review the state of the art in core technology, large vocabulary continuous speech recognition, with a view toward highlighting recent advances. We then highlight issues in moving toward applications, discussing system efficiency, portability across languages and tasks, and enhancing the system output by adding tags and nonlinguistic information. Current performance in speech recognition and outstanding challenges for three classes of applications (dictation, audio indexation, and spoken language dialogue systems), are discussed.
Medical treatment of symptomatic endometriosis (1996)

The concept of endometriosis and strategies for its treatment are reviewed. Treatment is mainly endocrine-based, using progestogens, danazol and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists. Such treatment is complex, and therapy strategies have to be tailored to the individual; the choice of treatment, therefore, depends on the metabolic and side-effects of each compound.
A segmentation and data association annotation system for laser-based multi-target tracking evaluation (2012)

2D laser scanners are now widely used to accomplish robot perception tasks such as SLAM and multi-target tracking (MTT). While a number of SLAM benchmarking datasets are available, only a few works have discussed the issues of collecting multi-target tracking benchmarking datasets. In this work, a segmentation and data association annotation system is proposed for evaluating multi-target tracking using 2D laser scanners. The proposed annotation system uses the existing MTT algorithm to generate initial annotation results and uses camera images as the strong hints to assist annotators to recognize moving objects in laser scans. The annotators can draw the object's shape and future trajectory to automate segmentation and data association and reduce the annotation task loading. The user study results show that the performance of the proposed annotation system is superior in the V-measure vs. annotation speed tests and the false positive and false negative rates.
Investigation of a New Extinguishing Principle for GCB (1991)

A self extinguishing principle of GCB without puffer action (“Autopuffer GCB”) using an external magnetic field was investigated for improvement of the interrupting capability in the small current region (several kA). Properties of the rotating speed of an arc, the arc voltage and gas pressure rise in an expansion space under the external magnetic field were studied experimentally. The relation between the interrupting capability and the radial magnetic flux density in the “Autopuffer GCB” with a permanent magnet (“Magnet-assisted autopuffer GCB”) was obtained experimentally and also analyzed numerically. The results are summarized as follows, (1) The arc column is driven in the azimuthal direction by the radial component of the external magnetic field.(2) The rotating speed of the arc driven by the radial magnetic field of a permanent magnet remains constant in the arc current range below several kA, while it decreases with an increasing current in the current above several kA.(3) Since the arc rotation raises the arc voltage and gas pressure in the expansion space, the gas flow from the expansion space to the arc increases at around current zero, then the interrupting capability is improved in the small current region.(4) It is confirmed that the “Magnet-assisted autopuffer GCB” has a good interrupting capability not only for the large current region but also the small current region.
Cloud‐aware power control for real‐time application offloading in mobile edge computing (2015)

Abstract Running computationally demanding real‐time applications at the mobile user equipment (UE) is complicated because of limited battery life time of the UEs. One solution is to offload demanding computing tasks to a centralized cloud. Nevertheless, this option introduces significant delay consisting in delivery of the offloaded tasks to the cloud and back. Such delay is inconvenient for real‐time applications. To cope with high delay, a concept of mobile edge computing has been introduced. The feasible way enabling mobile edge computing is to enhance the small cell base stations (SCeNBs) with computing capabilities. However, a high density of the SCeNBs together with even low mobility of users can result in often outage situation or handover when delay sensitive data cannot be delivered from the computing SCeNBs in time and become irrelevant. In this paper, we propose distributed cloud‐aware power control algorithm, which targets to increase the ratio of delivery of computation results to the UE within required delay. Then, we enhance cloud‐aware power control by adaptive algorithm. This algorithm exploits iterative process to find appropriate time when the power control is triggered in order to further improve the performance of the cloud‐aware power control. The simulations demonstrate notable increase in the ratio of delivered offloaded tasks from the computing SCeNBs comparing with competitive schemes. At the same time, the amount of served data to the users exploiting common, non‐cloud, services is increased. As the proposed solution is distributed, related signaling overhead is negligible. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal and nonthermal regimes of gliding arc discharge in air flow (2000)

Gliding discharges comprising both equilibrium and nonequilibrium plasma conditions offer high energy efficiency and selectivity for chemical processes. Prevailing parameters satisfying nonequilibrium plasma conditions at relatively high power levels should be well understood and characterized. In the present work, gliding discharges formed between diverging electrodes in air flow were studied experimentally over a wide range of gas velocities and power levels. Depending on the system parameters the following discharge regimes were observed: low power nonequilibrium discharge; thermal quasiequilibrium discharge; and gliding discharge with equilibrium to nonequilibrium transition. The effect of system parameters on discharge characteristics is analyzed. The equilibrium to nonequilibrium transition was experimentally observed as a change of voltage increase rate with discharge length growth. The local electric field, defined as dV/dl, increased up to three times, indicating the change of plasma conditions. However, previously reported phenomenon of length explosion was not supported by our experimental data. The co-existence of equilibrium and nonequilibrium phases is also discussed in the frame of phenomenological theory, assuming formation of a growing nonequilibrium fragment inside the gliding discharge channel. It was found that high flow velocities provide intensive cooling, an increase of electric field, and a decrease of gas temperature, promoting equilibrium to nonequilibrium transition at high power levels.
DNA Polymerase Fidelity:  Kinetics, Structure, and Checkpoints (2004)

On careful examination of existing kinetic data for correct and incorrect dNTP incorporations by a variety of DNA polymerases, it is apparent that these enzymes resist a unified description. Instead, the picture that emerges is a rather complex one: for most polymerases, there is evidence for a noncovalent step preceding phosphoryl transfer, but there are less reliable data for determining whether the noncovalent step or phosphoryl transfer is rate-limiting during misincorporation. Although the structural conservation in the polymerase superfamily is probably reflected in a common set of intermediates along the reaction pathway, the energetics of these species vary even when closely related polymerases are compared. Consequently, some polymerases apparently show more discrimination between correctly paired and mispaired dNTPs in the binding step, and polymerases may differ in terms of which step of the reaction is rate-limiting in correct and incorrect insertion reactions. Because of the higher energy barrier in the misincorporation reaction, at least some of the intermediates both before and after the rate-limiting step in the misincorporation pathway will have higher energies than the corresponding intermediates in correct incorporation; consequently, these steps can serve as kinetic checkpoints.
Charge Transfer and Transport in Polymer-Fullerene Solar Cells (2002)

The development of polymer-fullerene plastic solar cells has made significant progress in recent years. These devices excel by an efficient charge generation process as a consequence of a photoinduced charge transfer between the photo-excited conjugated polymer donor and acceptor-type fullerene molecules. Due to the paramagnetic nature of the radical species, the photo-induced charge transfer can be analyzed by the help of light-induced electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Upon looking at an interpenetrating donor-acceptor composite consisting of the polymer MDMOPPV and the fullerene derivative PCBM, we disclose two well separated line groups having a strongly anisotropic structure. The line shape can be attributed to an environmental axial symmetry of the polymer cation and a lower rhombohedric symmetry of the fullerene anion. Since the signals were found to be independent of one another with different spin-lattice relaxation times, the radical species can be discriminated via separate characterization procedures. In order to study the bulk charge transport properties, we carried out admittance spectroscopy on the polymer-fullerene solar cell device including a transparent semiconductor oxide front contact (ITO/PEDOT:PSS) and a metal back contact (Al). The temperature- and frequency-dependent device capacitance clearly uncovers two different defect states, the first, having an activation energy of 9 meV, indicates a shallow trap due to a bulk impurity, the latter, having an activation energy of 177 meV, can be assigned to an interfacial defect state located between the polymer-fullerene composite and the metal back contac
High-power tuned TEA CO_2 laser using a three-mirror confocal unstable resonator (1979)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text B. K. Deka, P. E. Dyer, and I. K. Perera, "High-power tuned TEA CO2 laser using a three-mirror confocal unstable resonator," Appl. Opt. 18, 3722-3724 (1979) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Effects of Pyridoxalated Hemoglobin Polyoxyethylene Conjugate and Stroma‐Free Hemoglobin on Cardiac Function in Isolated Rat Heart (1990)

Effects of a newly introduced modified hemoglobin, pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate (PHP), and stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) on cardiac rhythm and contractility were examined in isolated rat hearts. Hearts were perfused with HEPES-buffered Krebs solution containing 6% PHP, 6% SFH, or 6% hydroxyethylstarch (HES). Arrhythmia was not observed in PHP-perfused hearts, but marked sinus bradycardia occurred in SFH-perfused hearts. Ventricular contractility assessed by left ventricular pressure and pressure-volume relationship in both PHP and SFH-perfused hearts were well maintained during perfusion. There was no significant difference to the coronary flow resistance between hearts perfused with PHP and HES solutions, indicating that PHP has little vasoactive effect. The flow resistance in SFH-perfused hearts decreased significantly when compared with other groups. Results demonstrate that PHP solution can preserve cardiac function and have no toxic effects in isolated rat hearts.
Cross‐reactivity of IgE antibodies to allergens (2001)

The cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies is of interest for various reasons, three of which are discussed. Firstly, from the clinical view, it is important to know the patterns of cross-reactivity, because they often (but not always) reflect the pattern of clinical sensitivities. We discuss the cross-reactivities associated with sensitization to pollen and vegetable foods: PR-10 (Bet v 1-related), profilin, the cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD), the recently described isoflavone reductase, and the (still elusive) mugwort allergen that is associated with celery anaphylaxis; cross-reactivities between allergens from invertebrates, particularly tropomyosin, paramyosin, and glutathione S-transferase (GST); and latex-associated cross-reactivities. Clustering cross-reactive allergens may simplify diagnostic procedures and therapeutic regimens. Secondly, IgE cross-reactivity is of interest for its immunologic basis, particularly in relation to the regulation of allergic sensitization: are IgE antibodies to allergens more often cross-reactive than IgG antibodies to "normal" antigens? If so, why? For this discussion, it is relevant to compare not only the structural relation between the two allergens in question, but also the relatedness to the human equivalent (if any) and how the latter influences the immune repertoire. Thirdly, prediction of IgE cross-reactivity is of interest in relation to allergic reactivity to novel foods. Cross-reactivity is a property defined by individual antibodies to individual allergens. Quantitative information (including relative affinity) is required on cross-reactivity in the allergic population and with specific allergens (rather than with whole extracts). Such information is still scarce, but with the increasing availability of purified (usually recombinant) allergens, such quantitative information will soon start to accumulate. It is expected that similarity in short stretches of the linear amino-acid sequence is unlikely to result in relevant cross-reactivity between two proteins unless there is similarity in the protein fold.
Preparation of Porcine Factor V (2015)

Abstract: A rapid, simple, and reproducible method for the preparation of porcine Factor V from porcine plasma was investigated in this study. Methods: Porcine Factor V was isolated by multi-techniques including polyethylene glycol precipitation, absorption of protein on to barium citrate and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Results: Porcine Factor V was identified by SDS-PAGE. Yields and purity of porcine Factor V were 90.2 mg/L of starting plasma and 64.4%, respectively. Conclusion: This preparative procedure is simple, high yields and suitable for mass production. [Nature and Science. 2004;2(3):87-90].
Design and implementation of a CMOS VCXO for FM stereo decoders (1988)

A circuit technique to simulate large variable capacitance of both positive and negative polarities over a given frequency range is discussed. The simulated capacitance can be varied by voltage control from -60 to +100 pF. The capacitor-simulating circuit is connected in parallel with a resonator to tune its parallel resonance. An oscillator with grounded resonator is also developed. Together with the variable capacitor, a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator (VCXO) is realized. The oscillation frequency of the oscillator can be tuned continuously from 452 to 461 kHz by voltage control. Detailed analyses to completely characterize the oscillator with a simple expression are presented. The prototype of the VCXO has been fabricated in a 4- mu m standard CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mars’ Surface Radiation Environment Measured with the Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity Rover (2013)

The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover began making detailed measurements of the cosmic ray and energetic particle radiation environment on the surface of Mars on 7 August 2012. We report and discuss measurements of the absorbed dose and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles on the martian surface for ~300 days of observations during the current solar maximum. These measurements provide insight into the radiation hazards associated with a human mission to the surface of Mars and provide an anchor point with which to model the subsurface radiation environment, with implications for microbial survival times of any possible extant or past life, as well as for the preservation of potential organic biosignatures of the ancient martian environment.
Disrupted daily activity/rest cycles in relation to daily cortisol rhythms of home-dwelling patients with early Alzheimer's dementia (2004)

Disturbed sleep cycles are the principal cause of institutionalization in dementia, and therefore represent a major clinical problem. They may arise from dysfunction within the circadian clock of the hypothalamus that times and consolidates wakefulness, or from neuropathology in output pathways and/or target sites of the clock specifically controlling sleep and wakefulness. To determine the relationship of disturbed activity cycles to other circadian clock-controlled rhythms, cross-sectional and longitudinal actigraphy and serial sampling of saliva were used to compare the impact of early Alzheimer's dementia on activity/rest and cortisol rhythms in home-dwelling subjects. Mildly demented subjects had daily activity rhythms comparable to those of healthy age-matched subjects. Moderately demented subjects exhibited a range of disturbances of the activity/rest cycle, with reduced stability, increased fragmentation and loss of amplitude. Within the moderately demented group, however, the degree of circadian disruption was not correlated with the individual severity of dementia. All groups of subjects, mild, moderate with normal activity cycles and moderate with abnormal activity cycles, exhibited robust daily profiles of salivary cortisol, with highest levels in the morning (08:00 h) and an evening nadir (20:00-24:00 h). Salivary cortisol levels tended to be higher in the moderately demented subjects in the afternoon, but this effect was not specific to those with abnormal activity/rest patterns. The actimetric data confirm that deterioration of activity/rest cycles is a common and progressive feature in home-dwelling Alzheimer's patients, occurring early in the disease but after the measurable onset of dementia. The maintenance of highly rhythmic daily cortisol profiles in association with disturbed activity profiles, both on an individual and on a group basis, demonstrates that loss of circadian control to activity/rest cycles is not a consequence of global circadian disruption in early dementia. Rather, pathology may develop in discrete elements of the circadian clockwork and/or its output systems that control activity/rest, sleep and wakefulness. Further characterization of this pathology will facilitate more effective management of sleep patterns in home-dwelling demented patients.
Phase‐tracking viterbi demodulator (1996)

Abstract The maximum‐likelihood sequence estimation reception system, where the transmitted signal sequence is decided by the maximum likelihood using Viterbi algorithm, from the modulated signal, such as the phase modulated convolution‐coded signal, TCM, and CPM, is considered to be very interesting because of its excellent signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) versus error rate performance. Such a system assumes the coherent detection of the received signal in order to realize excellent performance. The reception system, which is expected to follow the carrier with a large offset and a low SNR, has been difficult to realize due to the difficulty of satisfying the requirement. This paper proposes the following system. The phase‐locked loop is provided corresponding to each survival path in the Viterbi algorithm used in the estimation of the maximum‐likelihood sequence estimation. The phase‐locked loop is selected in parallel to the selection of the survived path. In other words, the phase synchronization and the (maximum‐likelihood) sequence estimation are simultaneously achieved. The system is discussed in detail, and it is shown that a stable coherent detection can be realized for a very low SNR.
Cataract Surgery With Implantation of an Artificial Lens (2009)

As no effective medications for cataract are available at present, its current standard treatment is the removal of the clouded lens. In industrialized countries, this is usually done with ultrasound (phacoemulsification), followed by the implantation of an IOL.
FORMATION OF FORSTERITE(2MgO·SiO2) FROM THE MIXTURE PREPARED BY ALKOXY-METHOD (1976)

Abstract Forsterite(2MgO·SiO2) was formed at low temperatures by heating the mixed powders prepared by the simultaneous hydrolysis of magnesium and silicon alkoxides.
Synthesis and Opiate Activity of Pseudo-Tetrapeptides Containing Chiral Piperazin-2-one and Piperazine Derivatives. (1997)

Enantiomeric piperazin-2-one derivatives, N,N'-ethylene-bridged alanylphenylalanines (1a or 1b), were synthesized using (S)- or (R)-alanine and phenylalanine as starting materials, and were inserted into the second and third positions of enantiomeric pseudo-tetrapeptides (P1a- or P1b-OEt). The corresponding piperazine derivatives (1a- or 1b-sRed) obtained by selective BH3 reduction of the amide carbonyl groups of 1a or 1b were similarly inserted into the same positions of tetrapeptides (P1a- and P1b-sRed). Enantiomeric N,N'-ethylene-bridged tyrosyltyrosine derivatives (2a or 2b) obtained from (S)- or (R)-tyrosine were also inserted into the first and second positions of two pairs of enantiomeric tetrapeptides (P2a- and P2b-OEt or P'2a- and P'2b-OEt). The opiate activities of the eight peptides thus obtained were studied by use of the mouse vas deferens and the guinea pig ilcum assays in order to elucidate the structure-activity relationships of these peptides, especially with respect to stereochemistry.