gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on Cardioactive Effects of Brazilein (2005)

Brazilein (6a,7-dihydro-3,6a,10-trihydroxy-benz[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyran-9(6H)-one) is a compound obtained in a large amount from Caesalpinia sappan ethanol extracts with a high purity of about 98%. In isolated cardiac tissues, we found that brazilein exhibited a positive inotropic action in a concentration-dependent manner with little effect on heart rate and coronary perfusion. To study its possible mode of action, isolated rat hearts were treated with propranolol. This treatment did not alter the cardiotonic effect of brazilein, suggesting that this effect does not involve stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors. On the other hand, an analysis of the interaction between Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and brazilein was carried out. Albino guinea pig erythrocytes (mainly alpha1-Na(+),K(+)-ATPase isoforms) enriched with Na(+),K(+)-ATPase isoforms were utilized to compare the inhibition promoted by brazilein with that of classical inhibitors such as the cardiac glycoside deslanoside. Analysis of inhibition curves revealed that unlike deslanoside, brazilein had a relatively low affinity for erythrocyte isoforms and failed to completely inhibit the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. The extent of the maximum inhibition rate was about 50%. The inhibitory effect of brazilein was not antagonized by 10 mmol/l K(+), as observed with deslanoside. Electrocardiogram research in vivo showed that brazilein did not induce the ventricular arrhythmias observed with deslanoside, suggesting that brazilein might have a less adverse effect and higher therapeutic index than cardiac glycosides. In light of all the above-mentioned observations, it can be concluded that brazilein, a molecule with a non-steroidal skeleton, produced its positive inotropic effect through inhibiting Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and could thus serve as a structural paradigm to develop new inotropic drugs.
Linkage disequilibrium mapping in isolated populations: The example of Finland revisited (1998)

Linkage disequilibrium analysis can provide high resolution in the mapping of disease genes because it incorporates information on recombinations that have occurred during the entire period from the mutational event to the present. A circumstance particularly favorable for high-resolution mapping is when a single founding mutation segregates in an isolated population. We review here the population structure of Finland in which a small founder population some 100 generations ago has expanded into 5.1 million people today. Among the 30-odd autosomal recessive disorders that are more prevalent in Finland than elsewhere, several appear to have segregated for this entire period in the "panmictic" southern Finnish population. Linkage disequilibrium analysis has allowed precise mapping and determination of genetic distances at the 0.1-cM level in several of these disorders. Estimates of genetic distance have proven accurate, but previous calculations of the confidence intervals were too small because sampling variation was ignored. In the north and east of Finland the population can be viewed as having been "founded" only after 1500. Disease mutations that have undergone such a founding bottleneck only 20 or so generations ago exhibit linkage disequilibrium and haplotype sharing over long genetic distances (5-15 cM). These features have been successfully exploited in the mapping and cloning of many genes. We review the statistical issues of fine mapping by linkage disequilibrium and suggest that improved methodologies may be necessary to map diseases of complex etiology that may have arisen from multiple founding mutations.
Gravity inversion of an interface above which the density contrast varies exponentially with depth (1988)

Abstract Mapping of an interface above which the density contrast varies exponentially with depth, as is common at the basement surface of sedimentary basins, is efficiently achieved by a theoretically precise gravity method which can be applied to either profile data or two-dimensional data. The contrast in mass above the interface is modeled by an array of vertical rectangular prisms with density contrasts varying exponentially with depth. Gravity anomalies due to the prisms are calculated in the wavenumber domain and then converted to the space domain. The precision of the inverse numerical Fourier transform in this procedure is significantly increased by a shift-sampling technique based on the discrete Fourier deviation equation. Depth to the interface is determined by iterative adjustment of the vertical extent of the prisms in accordance with observed gravity anomaly data. The basement surface of the Los Angeles basin, California, calculated by this method, closely duplicates the published configuration based on drillhole data and seismic data.
An Active Life Extension Strategy for Thermally Aged Power Switches Based on the Pulse-Width Adjustment Method in Interleaved Converters (2015)

The research on noninvasive incipient fault diagnosis of power converters is very critical to avoid strenuous periodic checkups and costly interruptions. In many of the research studies, on-state resistance of power MOSFETs is identified as the fault precursor, and suggested to be monitored online for prognosis. In this paper, a condition monitoring algorithm is proposed for power MOSFETs of interleaved converters and integrated with the conventional current loops. The proposed technique utilizes on-state resistance information of the switches to adjust the current reference of each interleaving leg. In addition, a pulse-width adjustment method is proposed to avoid one current sensor and current-control loop. With the proposed scheme, the thermal stress on the aged device can be reduced, and the overall lifetime of the converter can be extended. The proposed approach is verified on two-leg interleaved converters both in simulation and experimentally.
Tabletop: an emergent, stochastic computer model of analogy-making (1992)

The key notion underlying the research presented in this dissertation is my conviction that the cognitive mechanisms giving rise to human analogy-making form the very basis of intelligence. Our ability to perceive and create analogies is made possible by the same mechanisms that drive our ability to categorize, to generalize, and to compare different situations. A theory of concepts and analogy-making, and a computer model of that theory--"Tabletop"--are presented. The computer model operates in a microworld that was carefully designed to be rich enough to allow the mechanisms posited by the theory to be put to the test, yet not so complex that the program would be overwhelmed by irrelevant details typical of real-world situations. This work can be considered midway between traditional symbolic and the more recent connectionist approaches to the modeling of intelligence. The architecture of the program relies on a context-sensitive concept network modeling long-term memory, in which concepts gain, lose, and spread activation. This network continually interacts with a workspace modeling short-term memory, in which structures are dynamically built, modified and destroyed. All of the work of the program is done by a large number of competing, semi-independent, local agents. Nondeterminism in the form of biased probabilistic decision-making permeates every level of the program. Nonetheless, robust coherent behavior, in the form of high-level representation-building and analogy-making, emerges as a statistical result of the myriad decisions made during processing. The details of Tabletop's behavior are shown by watching the program's progress as it solves a single problem. In addition, the program's "personality" is revealed by statistics summarizing key features of large numbers of runs on several families of systematically related analogy problems.
Salivary IgA in Periodontal Disease (1982)

UNSTIMULATED, whole-salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) was investigated by the multiple radial diffusion technique (MRD). IgA was detected in all salivary samples examined. Higher levels of IgA were observed in whole saliva collected from patients with gingival and periodontal diseases. These values ere compared to normal salivary samples. There was a positive correlation between the severity of gingival and periodontal inflammation and IgA concentrations.
Interpretation & The Internet, 28 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 251 (2010) (2010)

Twenty years after the advent of the Internet, the revolutionary nature of the technology can no longer be in doubt. In spite of the ‘differentness” of the Internet, courts have proven adept at adapting extant law to the features and demands of this new technology. This paper will chronicle the differences between the Internet and other technologies which might, depending on the legal issue, justify the exclusion of the Internet from established rules on the basis of analogical reasoning. Two approaches to legal interpretation – literalism and purposivism—will be discussed in light of this new technology, with an explanation as to why a purposive approach to legal interpretation is the best guard against inappropriate application of a rule to new technology. Finally, a new methodology to provide courts with a template for how to approach interpretation of the law and the Internet will be discussed. This methodology will then be illustrated within the context of SOCAN v. Canadian Association of Internet Providers.
All-Copper Flip Chip Interconnects by Pressureless and Low Temperature Nanoparticle Sintering (2016)

Flip chip interconnects purely made out of Cu, so-called all-Cu interconnects, have the potential to overcome the present current capacity limit of state-of-the-art solder based interconnects, while meeting the demand for ever decreasing interconnect pitches. Parasitic effects in solder based interconnects, caused by interdiffusion of various metals, are mitigated in all-Cu interconnects. In this work, all-Cu interconnects were formed by the use of low temperature and pressureless sintering of Cu nanoparticles. Thereby, a Cu paste material was applied between the Cu pillars of a silicon chip and the Cu pads on a silicon substrate by a dip transfer method. The electrical and mechanical properties of sintered Cu were characterized on films of the same Cu pastes. The porous films resulted in 4.4 times higher electrical resistivity and one order of magnitude reduced mechanical stiffness and tensile strength compared to bulk Cu. All-Cu interconnects with a diameter of 30 μm and a pitch of 100 μm were formed with an optimized Cu particle distribution and sintering procedure. Resistances down to 1.7 ± 0.5 mO were measured for these all-Cu interconnects which is comparable to solder based benchmark interconnects. However, the porosity of the sintered Cu interconnect results in lower shear strength compared to the solder benchmark.
Influence des comportements problématiques dans l’évaluation du comportement adaptatif (2014)

L’accès aux services spécialisés repose sur un diagnostic de déficience intellectuelle. Le critère le plus difficile à appliquer concerne le comportement adaptatif. Les comportements problématiques y sont peu définis et, selon l’American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), devraient être considérés distinctement. Comment deux construits reflétant l’adaptation pourraient ne pas être associés? Cette étude s’intéresse aux liens entre les comportements adaptatifs et problématiques. Au total, 211 mères et 164 pères d’enfants recevant des services d’un Centre de Réadaptation en Déficience Intellectuelle et Troubles Envahissants du Développement (CRDITED) ont répondu à un questionnaire tandis qu’un éducateur et un enseignant répertoriaient respectivement les comportements adaptatifs et problématiques des enfants. Des liens significatifs entre les comportements adaptatifs et problématiques sont observés. Il serait opportun que la planification des services tienne plus spécifiquement compte de ces derniers puisque les besoins de soutien de l’enfant et de sa famille y sont reliés.
Chemical vapour deposition of single walled carbon nanotubes freely suspended over nanotube supports (2007)

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) suspended above the substrate can be fabricated simply and rapidly by chemical vapour deposition growth over pre-grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). SWNTs are suspended either on a randomly organized carbon nanotube network on an unpatterned substrate, or between organized pillars made from vertically aligned nanotube forests on a patterned substrate. All nanotubes are produced during a single growth run using a two step growth technique. This approach enables the fabrication of laterally suspended SWNT networks which are well suited for optical applications.
Proteolytic activity of two commercial proteinases from <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> on ovine and bovine caseins (1991)

Electrophoretic analysis of the action of two commercial enzymes, Neutrase 0.5 and MKC Fungal Protease, on whole casein and alpha s-, beta- and kappa-caseins from cows' and ewes' milk showed that Neutrase 0.5 chiefly degraded beta-casein, giving rise to peptides soluble at pH 4.6 detectable by PAGE. In contrast, although MKC Fungal Protease caused intense hydrolysis of bovine beta-casein, in ovine casein it resulted in more active degradation of alpha s- than beta-casein. The latter enzyme did not produce peptides soluble at pH 4.6 detectable by PAGE. Both enzymes degraded kappa-casein, yielding a breakdown product that exhibited an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of the breakdown product produced by the action of commercial rennet.
Culture of human vascular endothelial cells on an RGD-containing synthetic peptide attached to a starch-coated polystyrene surface: comparison with fibronectin-coated tissue grade polystyrene (1996)

A synthetic peptide, Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Lys (GRGDSPK), which includes the cell-adhesive region of fibronectin, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), was covalently bound to a dialdehyde starch (DAS) coating on a polymer surface by reductive amination. The GRGDSPK/DAS-coated surface was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AFM and SEM revealed a uniform, roughened, textured surface, much more so than standard polymer or adhesive protein-coated polymer surfaces. XPS showed that GRGDSPK binding to DAS occurred in dose-dependent fashion in the 0-200 micrograms ml-1 GRGDSPK concentration range, with a plateau happening in the 200-400 micrograms ml-1 range. AFM revealed a uniform peptide layer on the DAS surface with a maximum separation distance of 50 nm between peptides. Angle-dependent XPS showed that the peptide is present in nearly constant amounts to at least 10 nm depth of the DAS coating. The attachment, spreading and growth properties of anchorage-dependent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) on the GRGDSPK/DAS-coated polystyrene surface were compared with a standard fibronectin-coated polystyrene surface. EC adhesion, spreading and growth properties were similar for cells plated on polystyrene surfaces coated with fibronectin (5 micrograms cm-2) and GRGDSPK (25-50 micrograms ml-1)/DAS. In contrast, EC adhesion, spreading and growth performance significantly increased for cells plated on GRGDSPK (100-200 micrograms ml-1)/DAS compared with the fibronectin-coated surface. These findings support the conclusion that the GRGDSPK/DAS-coated surface can be substituted for an adhesive protein-coated surface in the culture of anchorage-dependent cells.
Partnerships key to influencing state health reforms (2010)

With the passage of health reform legislation, many states are moving forward with their own plans to provide coverage for more citizens and to regulate insurance companies. Collaboration between AAP chapters and state medical associations likely will be critical to the success of state reforms and
Versatile frequency domain fitting using time domain models and prior knowledge (1998)

An iterative nonlinear least-squares fitting algorithm in the frequency domain using time domain models for quantification of complex frequency domain MR spectra is presented. The algorithm allows incorporation of prior knowledge and has both the advantage of time-domain fitting with respect to handling the problem of missing data points and truncated data sets and of frequency-domain fitting with respect to multiple frequency-selective fitting. The described algorithm can handle, in addition to Lorentzian and Gaussian lineshapes, Voigt and nonanalytic lineshapes. The program allows the user the design of his own fitting strategy to optimize the probability of reaching the global least-squares minimum. The application of the fitting program is illustrated with examples from in vivo 1H-, 31P-, and 13C-MR spectroscopy.
Preparation of Organic Light-emitting Field-effect Transistors with Asymmetric Electrodes (2005)

Abstract Light-emitting field-effect transistors (LEFET) based on poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) were prepared with asymmetric electrodes of a Au/Cr source and an Al drain on a SiO2 gate insulator (600 nm) through twice of photolithography and lift-off techniques. The light emission was observed when the gate voltages increased above −40 V at the drain voltage of −100 V. The luminous efficiency of the devices was significantly improved comparing to those with conventional electrodes of Au/Cr.
A cooperative jamming based security algorithm for multi-user MIMO systems (2013)

The existing physical layer security algorithm could guarantee secure communication to a certain extent. However, eavesdropper can get more information from legitimate receivers whose channel condition is worse than other users. In order to improve the system's security, a novel physical layer security algorithm based on cooperative jamming for multiuser MIMO system is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a multi-user MIMO system of security is established, combining transmit beamforming and artificial noise. Then, the status of each user's characteristics is described respectively. And users are divided into a secure communications group and interference group for scheduling according to the characteristics of the user's state. Further, interference group assists the base station interference eavesdropper by adjusting the beamforming weights. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can increase the secrecy capacity by 2.4bit/s/HZ averagely, which can improve security for multi-user MIMO system.
Altered glycosylation of integrin adhesion molecules in colorectal cancer cells and decreased adhesion to the extracellular matrix. (1993)

The integrin mediated interactions between tumour cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix are thought to play crucial parts in the complex process of invasion and metastasis. It has been previously shown that the expression of integrins is differently diminished in a chain-specific manner in human colorectal cancer. To further characterise the integrins still expressed in colorectal carcinomas, immunoblots with monoclonal antibodies against the beta 1 integrin subunit have been performed. In isolated cell membranes of colorectal cancers a second smaller beta 1 chain (105 kD non-reduced) was found as well as the mature beta 1 chain (116 kD non-reduced) present in normal mucosa of the colon. This smaller beta 1 chain comigrates with the diminished glycosylated precursor form of the beta 1 chain. The role of N-glycosylation for the function and expression of integrins in vitro was therefore investigated, with deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ) and deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) as specific inhibitors of N-glycan processing. Pretreatment of human colon adenocarcinoma derived HT-29 cells with DMJ resulted in an expression of the 105 kD beta 1 precursor chain and of smaller forms of the alpha 1, alpha 3, alpha 6, and alpha v integrin subunits in a time and dose dependent manner. HT-29 cells treated with DMJ adhered poorly to laminin (8% of untreated controls), collagen type IV (40%), and fibronectin (35%). Pretreatment of the cells with DNJ did not alter the molecular weight of the integrin chains expressed and reduced HT-29 adhesion to laminin and fibronectin only to 68% and 49% respectively. Adhesion to collagen type IV was increased to 124% by DNJ. These results show that N-glycan processing is essential for the function and expression of integrins in human colorectal cancer cells. An altered glycosylation of these adhesion receptors may contribute to a more invasive or metastatic phenotype in colorectal cancer.
Spin-polarized electron microscopy (1988)

A current scientific challenge with many ramifications for magnetic technology is to image magnetic microstructure with the highest possible spatial resolution in order to observe magnetic domains or even spin configurations within a domain wall. Ultimately one can envision imaging the magnetic moment of individual atoms which would also make possible the observation of antiferromagnetic structures. The measurement of the spin polarization of secondary electrons generated by a finely focussed (unpolarized) scanning electron microscope (SEM) beam to obtain high-resolution magnetization images is presented. An alternative measurement, using a spin-polarized incident beam in an SEM, has many difficulties which are discussed. To measure spin configurations with higher spatial resolution, the possibility of introducing electron spin polarization in scanning field-emission and tunneling microscopy is considered. The measurement of the spin polarization of secondary electrons generated by a specially prepared single-atom scanning field-emission tip looks promising. High-resolution imaging of spin configurations in scanning tunneling microscopy appears possible if the tip itself is a source of spin-polarized electrons. The potential advantages and unsolved problems involved in using a ferromagnetic tip or an optically pumped semiconductor tip are described.
Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of a Vaccine Strain of<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>That Relies on a Suicide Plasmid To Supply an Essential Gene Product (2005)

Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that elicits a strong cellular immune response and thus has potential use as a vaccine vector. An attenuated strain, L. monocytogenes dal dat, produced by deletion of two genes (dal and dat) used for d-alanine synthesis, induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes and protective immunity in mice following infection in the presence of d-alanine. In order to obviate the dependence of L. monocytogenes dal dat on supplemental d-alanine yet retain its attenuation and immunogenicity, we explored mechanisms to allow transient endogenous synthesis of the amino acid. Here, we report on a derivative strain, L. monocytogenes dal dat/pRRR, that expresses a dal gene and synthesizes d-alanine under highly selective conditions. We constructed the suicide plasmid pRRR carrying a dal gene surrounded by two res1 sites and a resolvase gene, tnpR, which acts at the res1 sites. The resolvase gene is regulated by a promoter activated upon exposure to host cell cytosol. L. monocytogenes dal dat/pRRR was thus able to grow in liquid culture and to infect host cells without d-alanine supplementation. However, after infection of these cells, resolvase-mediated excision of the dal gene resulted in strong down-regulation of racemase expression. As a result, this system allowed only transient growth of L. monocytogenes dal dat/pRRR in infected cells and survival in animals for only 2 to 3 days. Nevertheless, mice immunized with L. monocytogenes dal dat/pRRR generated listeriolysin O-specific effector and memory CD8(+) T cells and were protected against lethal challenge by wild-type Listeria. This vector may be an attractive vaccine candidate for the induction of protective cellular immune responses.