gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E prevents the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. (1992)

Apo E plays an important role in plasma lipoprotein metabolism through its high affinity binding to cell surface LDL receptor. In the present study, we studied the effects of apo E on the atherogenic process in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits which are deficient in LDL receptor and an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. We isolated apo E from plasma of 1% cholesterol-fed rabbits and administered 10 mg of purified apo E intravenously into five Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits three times a week from their age of 2.5 months to 11 months for 8.5 months. After sustained administration to apo E, we found a significant reduction in the accumulation of cholesterol ester in aortae (1.55 +/- 0.07 mg/g tissue) as compared to control rabbits (4.32 +/- 0.61 mg/g tissue). Supporting this, the percentage of the surface area of the aorta with macroscopic plaque was remarkably decreased in apo E-treated animals (18.8 +/- 5.1% vs. 38.8 +/- 8.0% in control). Thus, apo E definitely prevented the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits.
Synthesis of ARMA filters by real lossless digital lattices (1996)

A new method is presented to obtain degree-one or real degree-two transfer scattering matrices of two-port lossless lattice filters through the use of complex Richard's function extractions for the minimum degree cascade synthesis of real, stable, single-input, single-output ARMA (n, m) filters from the transfer function or the input reflection coefficient. The method relies on a four-step Richard's function extraction where two steps are used for reducing the degree of the transfer function and two for obtaining real lattices. We treat the cases where the zeros of transmission are inside and outside the unit circle but not on the unit circle.
Generation of HIV Latency in Humanized BLT Mice (2020)

Here we demonstrate that a combination of tenofovir, emtricitabine, and raltegravir effectively suppresses peripheral and systemic HIV replication in humanized BLT mice. We also demonstrate that antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated humanized BLT mice harbor latently infected resting human CD4+ T cells that can be induced ex vivo to produce HIV. We observed that the levels of infected resting human CD4+ T cells present in BLT mice are within the range of those observed circulating in patients undergoing suppressive ART. These results demonstrate the potential of humanized BLT mice as an attractive model for testing the in vivo efficacy of novel HIV eradication strategies.
Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion in a Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft (2025)

Turboelectric distributed propulsion (TeDP) is a relatively new concept that has the potential to improve aircraft fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and enable new aircraft configurations. This concept uses turbine engines to generate electrical power, which is then distributed to multiple propulsors throughout the aircraft. The NASA N3-X aircraft concept is an example of a TeDP aircraft configuration that uses a hybrid wing body (HWB) aircraft design.
Stereochemical modeling of disulfide bridges. Criteria for introduction into proteins by site-directed mutagenesis (1989)

A computer modeling procedure for assessing the stereochemical suitability of pairs of residues in proteins as potential sites for introduction of cystine disulfide crosslinks has been developed. Residue pairs with C alpha-C alpha distances of less than or equal to 6.5 A and C beta-C beta distances of less than or equal to 4.5 A are chosen for geometrical fixation of S atoms using the program MODIP. The stereochemistry of the modeled disulfides is evaluated using limits for the structural parameters of the various torsion angles and S-S bond length in the disulfide bridge. The ability of the procedure to correctly model disulfides has been checked with examples of cystine peptides of known crystal structures and 103 disulfide bridges from 25 available protein crystal structures determined at less than or equal to 2 A resolution. An analysis of results on three proteins with engineered disulfides, T4 lysozyme, dihydrofolate reductase and subtilisin, is presented. Two positions for the introduction of 'stereochemically optimal' disulfides are identified in subtilisin.
Alzheimer's Disease-like Paired Helical Filament Assembly from Truncated Tau Protein Is Independent of Disulfide Crosslinking (2017)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the self-assembly of tau and amyloid β proteins into oligomers and fibrils. Tau protein assembles into paired helical filaments (PHFs) that constitute the neurofibrillary tangles observed in neuronal cell bodies in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. The mechanism of initiation of tau assembly into PHFs is not well understood. Here we report that a truncated 95-amino-acid tau fragment (corresponding to residues 297-391 of full-length tau) assembles into PHF-like fibrils in vitro without the need for other additives to initiate or template the process. Using electron microscopy, circular dichroism and X-ray fiber diffraction, we have characterized the structure of the fibrils formed from truncated tau for the first time. To explore the contribution of disulfide formation to fibril formation, we have compared the assembly of tau(297-391) under reduced and non-reducing conditions and for truncated tau carrying a C322A substitution. We show that disulfide bond formation inhibits filament assembly and that the C322A variant rapidly forms long and highly ordered PHFs.
Voltage-Drop Aware Analytical Placement by Global Power Spreading for Mixed-Size Circuit Designs (2011)

Excessive supply voltage drops in a circuit may lead to significant circuit performance degradation and even malfunction. To handle this problem, existing power delivery aware placement algorithms model voltage drops as an optimization objective. We observe that directly minimizing the voltage drops in the objective function might not resolve voltage-drop violations effectively and might cause problems in power-integrity convergence. To remedy this deficiency, in this paper, we propose new techniques to incorporate device power spreading forces into a mixed-size analytical placement framework. Unlike the state-of-the-art previous work that handles the worst voltage-drop spots one by one, our approach simultaneously and globally spreads all the blocks with voltage-drop violations to desired locations directly to minimize the violations. To apply the power force, we model macro current density and power rails for our placement framework to derive desired macro/cell locations. To further improve the solution quality, we propose an efficient mathematical transformation to adjust the power force direction and magnitude. Experimental results show that our approach can substantially improve the voltage drops, wirelength, and runtime over the previous work.
Open conductor detector system (1992)

An open phase conductor detector system consisting of one or more transmitters and a receiver which communicate through the distribution line neutral conductor is described. The design holds a promise to provide reliable protection for most down and open 5 to 35 kV distribution phase conductors in contact with high impedance surfaces. The transmitter(s) detects the open phase conductor by monitoring the phase conductor voltage using redundant inputs. When an open phase conductor is detected, the transmitter injects a signal to the distribution line neutral conductor by means of a coupling current transformer. The signal is frequency and duration coded. The receiver decodes the signal and generates a trip signal which may activate a breaker, a ground switch, or a recloser, causing isolation of the distribution line with the open (downed) phase conductor. The system is presently implemented for single distribution lines. A prototype open conductor detector system has been constructed and field tested on a Georgia Power Company distribution system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The New Discount Window (2003)

New regulations will change the way credit is rationed at the Federal Reserve's discount window. The Reserve Banks used to charge a below-market discount rate and rely on loan officers to restrict access to loans. Under the new system, the discount rate normally will be significantly higher than market rates, but loans will be available to any sound institution (which means most) at its discretion. This new arrangement eliminates any perception of a subsidy at the discount window. It also should prevent the actual fed funds rate from exceeding the discount rate so long as depository institutions feel free to borrow at the window.
Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the Marfan Syndrome (1972)

Abstract The Marfan syndrome is a dominantly inherited disorder of connective tissue with multisystem involvement. The cardiac complications, particularly aortic dilatation, dissection and rupture and involvement of the aortic and mitral valves, lead to a greatly reduced life expectancy. This poor survival was demonstrated in a series of 257 patients with the Marfan syndrome. The average age at death for the 72 deceased patients was 32 years. Cardiac problems led to 52 of the 56 deaths of known cause, with aortic dilatation and its complications accounting for 80 per cent of these. Congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction and bacterial endocarditis were other cardiac causes of death. In patients with early aortic changes treatment with propranolol or reserpine is suggested. These agents decrease myocardial contractility and diminish the pulsatile flow stress on the weakened aorta.
Influence of weight status on 24-hour urine composition in adults without urolithiasis: A nationwide study based on a Chinese Han population (2017)

Nonstone-forming adults with overweight or obese statuses were at higher risks of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Obese nonstone-formers might have a greater risk of urinary stone formation due to increased urinary phosphate excretion. Additionally, underweight status had no influence on 24-hour urine composition.
Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Showing the Way or Leading Us Astray? (2012)

The indolent nature of Alzheimer's disease, coupled with burgeoning interest in a "presymptomatic" stage of disease, has motivated efforts to identify, validate, and exploit surrogate disease markers for trials of disease-modifying or preventive strategies. Many of these efforts have been productive, and biomarkers are now routinely applied in selection of study subjects and evaluation of outcomes in clinical trials. On the other hand, biomarkers also have the capacity to lead to bad therapeutic outcomes when they determine "go- no go" decisions in early drug development. This paper reviews several reports of biomarker studies which illustrate the great potential, for both good and ill, of biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.
Semi-coupled dictionary learning with applications to image super-resolution and photo-sketch synthesis (2012)

In various computer vision applications, often we need to convert an image in one style into another style for better visualization, interpretation and recognition; for examples, up-convert a low resolution image to a high resolution one, and convert a face sketch into a photo for matching, etc. A semi-coupled dictionary learning (SCDL) model is proposed in this paper to solve such cross-style image synthesis problems. Under SCDL, a pair of dictionaries and a mapping function will be simultaneously learned. The dictionary pair can well characterize the structural domains of the two styles of images, while the mapping function can reveal the intrinsic relationship between the two styles' domains. In SCDL, the two dictionaries will not be fully coupled, and hence much flexibility can be given to the mapping function for an accurate conversion across styles. Moreover, clustering and image nonlocal redundancy are introduced to enhance the robustness of SCDL. The proposed SCDL model is applied to image super-resolution and photo-sketch synthesis, and the experimental results validated its generality and effectiveness in cross-style image synthesis.
A class of binary recurrent codes with limited error propagation (1967)

A class of binary recurrent codes for correcting independent errors is given which has guaranteed error-limiting properties. These codes can be simply decoded using threshold decoding, and will recover from any decoding error caused by either an uncorrectable transmission error or a temporary malfunction of the encoder or decoder. A number of such codes are given along with a synthesis procedure. The results of a computer simulation are given which indicate that these codes perform better in some situations than other codes using threshold decoding.
Advanced supramolecular polymers constructed by orthogonal self-assembly (2012)

Large aggregates, constructed by linking together monomer building blocks via non-covalent interactions with polymer properties, are regarded as supramolecular polymers. Many kinds of non-covalent interactions, such as metal-ligand coordination, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, ionic interaction, and host-guest interaction etc., can be involved in the binding interactions of monomer building blocks, as well as in the modification of the side chain for the construction of variable supramolecular polymers. In this tutorial review, we summarized the reported supramolecular polymers fully- or partially-created from the combination of multiple non-covalent binding interactions, mainly of two kinds, in the orthogonal way.
Comparison of the Sodium Hydroxide Specimen Processing Method with the C <sub>18</sub> -Carboxypropylbetaine Specimen Processing Method Using Independent Specimens with Auramine Smear, the MB/BacT Liquid Culture System, and the COBAS AMPLICOR MTB Test (2005)

A study was performed to diagnose tuberculosis by smear, culture, and nucleic acid amplification. The study was comprised of two independent arms. Each arm used a different specimen processing method; in one arm, all specimens were processed with N-acetyl-l-cysteine-sodium hydroxide, and in the other arm, all specimens were processed with C(18)-carboxypropylbetaine and lytic enzymes. In each arm, all processed sediments were split for analysis by auramine smear, by culture using the MB/BacT liquid culture system and solid media, and by nucleic acid amplification using the COBAS AMPLICOR MTB test. In the N-acetyl-l-cysteine-sodium hydroxide arm, 1,468 specimens were analyzed: 65 were smear positive; 88 and 42 were culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria, respectively; and 103 were PCR positive. Relative to cultures positive for M. tuberculosis, the sensitivity and specificity of the smear were 68.2% and 99.6%, respectively, and those of PCR were 75.0% and 97.3%, respectively. In the C(18)-carboxypropylbetaine study arm, 1,423 specimens were analyzed: 44 were smear positive; 82 and 31 were culture positive for M. tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria, respectively; and 91 were PCR positive. The sensitivity and specificity of the smear were 48.8% and 99.7%, respectively, and those of PCR were 78.0% and 98.0%, respectively. When the two arms were compared, C(18)-carboxypropylbetaine specimen processing significantly increased the number of smear-negative and culture-positive specimens and significantly increased the PCR sensitivity among this same group of specimens while at the same time significantly reducing the inhibition rate.
A Study on the Viability of Bovine Blastocysts Derived from <I>In Vitro</I> Fertilization after Freezing and Thawing by Two Cryo-preservation Methods Adapted to Practical Use in the Field (1992)

Two cryopreservation methods adapted to field use were investigated with bovine blastocysts produced by in vitro technique. In Method I, embryos were equilibrated with 1.36M glycerol and 0.25M trehalose for 10-15 min in modified phosphate buffered saline (mPBS) supplemented with 20% cow serum. Embryos were loaded into 0.25-ml plastic straws (2 embryos/straw) in a small volume of freezing medium separated by 2 air bubbles from the medium (0.25M trehalose with 20% cow serum in mPBS) filling the rest of the straw. The straws were placed directly into a cooling chamber kept at -7C and then seeded followed by holding for 10 min at this temperature. The straws were then cooled to -25C at 0.45C/min before being plunged into liquid nitrogen.In Method II, embryos were equilibrated in a three-step procedure with 0.5M 1, 2-propanediol (PD) for 5 min, 1.0M PD for 5 min and 1.6M PD for 10-15 min in mPBS supplemented with 20% cow serum and loaded into straws separated by 2 air bubbles from the medium (0.2M sucrose with 20% cow serum in mPBS) filling the rest of the straw. The straws were placed directly into a cooling chamber kept at 0C and then cooled to -6C at 1C/min. After leaving for 10 min at this temperature, including seeding, the straws were then cooled to -30C at 0.3C/min. The straws were then left for 10 min at this temperature before being plunged into liquid nitrogen.The straws containing embryos were thawed at 30C and the embryos were directly transferred into cow uterus. Pregnancy rates of transferred embryos cryopreserved by Methods I and II were 12.5% (3/24) and 37.8% (17/45), respectively. In Methods I, one out of 3 heifers has delivered a calf. The remaining 2 heifers have been maintaining pregnancy. In Method II, 4 (including one set of twins) out of 16 heifers lost their pregnancy between 2 and 4 months of gestation. One heifer (carrying twins) died due to disease and the another one died due to bad weather within 1 month before the expected days of delivery. Thirteen calves (including 2 sets of twins) were born from the remaining 11 heifers.
A Designed Experiment Approach to Improvement and Understanding of the SiC Epitaxial Growth Process (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Large-signal gain and intensity enhancement in a backward Raman amplifier (1978)

Saturation effects have been investigated in a KrF laser-pumped backward Raman amplifier using methane gas. Pump depletion of 30% with an intensity gain of 2 has been demonstrated, and the results are shown to be consistent with a simple Frantz-Nodvik saturation treatment.
Imaging of brain tumor proliferative activity with iodine-131-iododeoxyuridine. (1994)

Iodine-131-IUdR SPECT imaging of brain tumor proliferation has low (marginal) sensitivity due to low count rates and can detect only the most active regions of tumor growth. Imaging at 24 hr represents a washout strategy to reduce 131I-labeled metabolites contributing to background activity in the tumors, and is more likely to show the pattern of [131I]IUdR-DNA incorporation and thereby increase image specificity. Iodine-123-IUdR SPECT imaging at 12 hr and the use of [124I]IUdR and PET will improve count acquisition and image quality.
Cerium(III) Chloride-Mediated Reactions of Sulfonamide Dianions (2003)

Presented here is the first report on the ability of cerium(III) chloride to mediate high-yielding and, oftentimes, highly diastereoselective additions of N-benzyl-alpha, N-dilithio methanesulfonamide to aldehydes and ketones of biological importance. Smooth addition was effected to base-sensitive substrates such as Fmoc-protected alaninal, citral, 5-cholesten-3-one, uridine 5'-aldehyde, 3'-ketouridine, and 3'-ketothymidine. The reaction was chemoselective for aldehydes in the presence of nitriles. Acetoxy groups are labile and thus not suitable protecting groups for alcohols under these conditions. N-Benzyl-alpha, N-dilithio methanesulfonamide was found to be of sufficient basicity to cause enolate formation with sensitive substrates, such as 1-phenylacetone. However, the addition of cerium(III) chloride mediated the basicity of the dianion and suppressed enolate formation in these cases. Further, cerium(III) has general utility for the addition of various N-aliphatic/aromatic methanesulfonamide dianions to 3'-ketouridine.
Optimization of Online Peptide Mapping by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptimization of Online Peptide Mapping by Capillary Zone ElectrophoresisLarry. Licklider and Werner G. KuhrCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 24, 4400–4407Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00096a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00096a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparable Coupler and Real-Ear Measurements on Supraaural- and Insert-Type Earphones (1972)

Tests on supraaural- and insert-type earphones for telephone applications, designed from measurements with real ears and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 2- and 6-cm3 calibration couplers, are reported. Disagreements between real-ear and coupler data are rationalized by reducing the basic 2-cm3 volume to 1.3 cm3 and employing an approximate transfer characteristic to relate the supraaural coupler data to a common plane of reference corresponding to the tympanum position. Several experimental couplers for obtaining data within the telephone speech band, which permit measurements on the two types of earphone at the common plane, are described.
MAHALANOBIS DISTANCE AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DETECTING MULTIVARIATE OUTLIERS (2019)

While methods of detecting outliers is frequently implemented by statisticians when analyzing univariate data, identifying outliers in multivariate data pose challenges that univariate data do not. In this paper, after short reviewing some tools for univariate outliers detection, the Mahalanobis distance, as a famous multivariate statistical distances, and its ability to detect multivariate outliers are discussed. As an application the univariate and multivariate outliers of a real data set has been detected using R software environment for statistical computing.