gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
pMGA Phenotypic Variation in <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> Occurs In Vivo and Is Mediated by Trinucleotide Repeat Length Variation (2000)

Chickens were infected with a pathogenic strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and the expression of pMGA, the major surface protein, was inferred by examination of colonies from ex vivo cells. Within 2 days postinfection, 40% of cells had ceased the expression of the original pMGA surface protein (pMGA1.1), and by day 6, the majority of recovered cells were in this category. The switch in pMGA phenotype which had occurred in vivo was reversible, since most colonies produced from ex vivo progenitors exhibited frequent pMGA1. 1(+) sectors. After prolonged in vivo habitation, increasing proportions of recovered cells gave rise to variant pMGA colonies which had switched from the expression of pMGA1.1 to another gene, pMGA1.2, concomitant with the acquisition of a (GAA)(12) motif 5' to its promoter. Collectively, the results suggest that changes in M. gallisepticum pMGA gene expression in vivo are normal, common, and possibly obligate events for successful colonization of the host. Surprisingly, the initial cessation of pMGA1.1 expression occurred in the absence of detectable pMGA antibodies and seemed to precede the adaptive immune response.
Application of the Czochralski Method to Divalent Metal Fluorides (1961)

The Czochralski method of pulling from the melt has been applied to the growth of single crystals of divalent fluorides of Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, and Mn, and the compound KMnF3. The trivalent rare earth ions Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, and Yb were introduced into CaF2 and the distribution coefficient was determined to be close to unity in all cases.
Optical and electrical properties of Nb doped BaTiO <sub>3</sub> single crystals grown either by the KF flux or the pulling method (1981)

Abstract Electrical and optical properties of two kinds of BaTiO3:Nb crystals are presented and discussed. Among the three pictures (band conduction, small polarons and random electronic effects) the present study supports the first mechanism with the same forbidden band for all the crystals, where optically inactive levels due to impurity and optical transitions inside the conduction band for crystals with Ti3+ ions play an important role.
Some Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide Semiconductor (1951)

Measurements of the dark electrical conductivity σ, and Hall coefficient were made on sintered spectroscopically pure zinc oxide powder samples over a temperature range from 100°K to 625°K and at room temperature on zinc oxide crystals containing lead impurities, using both the usual dc potentiometer-probe method and an ac (4000 cps) set. In this reproducible range, lnσ is not linear with 1/T for the sintered samples but exhibits maxima occurring at higher T and σ values, the higher the sintering temperature; the electronic carrier concentration of the different samples, calculated from the Hall data, indicates thermal ionization of 1.6×1016 to 9.0×1017 donors/cm3 lying 0.017 to 0.045 ev below the conduction band, with increasing ionization energy and increasing donor concentration, in general, occurring for higher sintering temperatures. Conductivity measurements are also made on sintered samples from 300°K to 1040°K using the ac (4000 cps) voltmeter-ammeter method; above about 650°K, lnσ versus 1/T is linear and in agreement with the results of previous workers with ionization energies varying from 1.4 to 2.4 ev. Back reflection x-ray patterns indicate an increase in the lattice spacing after sintering; the change can be correlated with the presence of interstitial zinc atoms. The forbidden gap is taken to be about 3 ev, corresponding to an ultraviolet absorption edge and luminescence peak at 3.2 ev; the yellowing of worked or highly conducting or heated samples is attributed to a shift of this absorption edge into the visible. Room temperature impedance measurements show a frequency dependent reactance and resistance attributable to capacitive shunting of the high resistivity grain boundaries (ν∼107 cps). It is shown that the low frequency conductivity of the sintered samples is determined by the conductivity and relative thickness of the grain boundary material while the Hall coefficient depends mainly on the carrier concentration in the semiconducting grains; uncritical use of low frequency and dc results thus would lead to spuriously low values of the conductivity and mobility in relation to the true properties of the grains.
Velocimetry Using Heterodyne Techniques (2004)

At LLNL, we have been using heterodyne techniques for the past year and a half to measure velocities up to several kilometers-per-second on different types of experiments. We assembled this diagnostic, which we call the Heterodyne Velocimeter (HetV), using commercially available products developed for the communications industry. We use a 1550 nm fiber laser and single mode fibers to deliver light to and from the target. The return Doppler-shifted light is mixed with the original laser light to generate a beat frequency proportional to the velocity. At a velocity of 1000 m/s, the beat signal has a frequency of 1.29 GHz. We record the beat signals directly onto fast digitizers. The maximum velocity is limited by the bandwidth of the electronics and the sampling rate of the digitizers. The record length is limited by the amount of memory contained in the digitizers. This paper describes our approach to measuring velocities with this technique and presents recent data obtained with the HetV.
Characterization of a nonionic surfactant reversed micellar system for enzyme catalysis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of a nonionic surfactant reversed micellar system for enzyme catalysisClaire F. Komives, Daniel E. Osborne, and Alan J. RussellCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 1, 369–376Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100052a059https://doi.org/10.1021/j100052a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms Regulating Spontaneous Contractions in the Bovine Epididymal Duct1 (2006)

Muscular autorhythmicity provides propulsion of spermatozoa through the epididymal duct, thereby ensuring sperm maturation. In the present study, the mechanisms underlying the bovine epididymal spontaneous phasic contractions (SCs) were analyzed by using muscle-tension recording and patch-clamp techniques. SCs were recorded from the caput, the corpus, and the proximal cauda region and found to be predominantly myogenic in origin. Removal of the luminal fluid induced a burstlike contraction pattern, and removal of the epithelium, a complete loss of SCs. Application of nifedipine, but not heparin and cyclopiazonic acid, suppressed SCs, indicating that influx of Ca2+ through L-type Ca2+ channels, but not Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, was crucial for maintaining SCs. The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) inhibitor NS-398 caused a region-dependent decrease in SCs and tone. These effects were mimicked by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase inhibitor PD-98059. Similarly, the prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha))-receptor antagonist AL-8810 reduced SC generation, whereas PGF(2alpha) induced SC-like activity in epithelium-denuded segments. Cell-isolation experiments revealed the existence of three morphologically different types of contractile cells, which also showed distinct biophysical properties: typical smooth muscle cells in the cauda, myofibroblast-like cells all along the duct, and atypical muscle cells (ATMs) with filament-like spurs in all regions with SCs. These data suggest that the bovine epididymal autorhythmicity is based on an epithelial PTGS2-dependent release of (an) excitatory prostaglandin(s) and a MAPK-dependent activation of L-type Ca2+ channels in the contractile cells. ATM cells may provide electrical coupling between myofibroblasts, which is essential for the generation of regular myogenic activity.
Recursive generation of constant amplitude multi-code DS-CDMA signal (2003)

A constant amplitude multi-code CDMA scheme, which achieves an information rate of (3/4)K for any K, while Wada's method works only for 3/4 (K=1) and 9/16 (K=2), is presented. It has a recursive structure such that the input at the top-level encoder continues to be divided into three groups and lets the lower-level encoder handle the divided input. Finally, groups of three bits are separately encoded at the basic-level encoders and then are spread in combination by pseudo-orthogonal matrix into constant amplitude signal.
Nanostructure Toughened Epoxy Resins (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTNanostructure Toughened Epoxy ResinsJennifer M. Dean, Nikhil E. Verghese, Ha Q. Pham, and Frank S. BatesView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and The Dow Chemical Company, 2301 Brazosport Blvd., Freeport, Texas 77541 Cite this: Macromolecules 2003, 36, 25, 9267–9270Publication Date (Web):November 11, 2003Publication History Received13 June 2003Revised6 September 2003Published online11 November 2003Published inissue 1 December 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma034807yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma034807yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3024Altmetric-Citations256LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Deformation,Micelles,Organic polymers,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
An Approach towards the Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships of Caffeic Acid and its Derivatives (2004)

Caffeic acid and its derivatives are already known to possess a wide range of biological activities. We have developed quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for different series of caffeic acid derivatives (including caffeic acid) in order to understand the chemical-biological interactions governing antitumor activity against six different tumor cell lines, nitric oxide production, anti-HIV and enzymatic activities, and binding affinity to the lck domain. QSAR results have shown that the different activities of caffeic acid and its derivatives are largely dependent on their hydrophobicity or molar refractivity, with a bilinear correlation being the most important.
Relationship of TOPEX/Poseidon altimetric height to steric height and circulation in the North Pacific (1998)

TOPEX/Poseidon altimetric height is compared with 20 transpacific eddy‐resolving realizations of steric height. The latter are calculated from temperature (expendable bathythermograph (XBT)) and salinity (expendable conductivity and temperature profiler (XCTD)) profiles along a precisely repeating ship track over a period of 5 years. The overall difference between steric height and altimetric height is 5.2 cm RMS. On long wavelengths (λ<500 km), the 3.5 cm RMS difference is due mainly to altimetric measurement errors but also has a component from steric variability deeper than the 800 m limit of the XBT. The data sets are very coherent in the long‐wavelength band, with coherence amplitude of 0.89. This band contains 65% of the total variance in steric height. On short wavelengths (λ>500 km), containing 17% of the steric height variance, the 3.0 cm RMS difference and lowered coherence are due to the sparse distribution of altimeter ground tracks along the XBT section. The 2.4 cm RMS difference in the basin‐wide spatial mean appears to be due to fluctuations in bottom pressure. Differences between steric height and altimetric height increase near the western boundary, but data variance increases even more, and so the signal‐to‐noise ratio is highest in the western quarter of the transect. Basin‐wide integrals of surface geostrophic transport from steric height and altimetric height are in reasonable agreement. The 1.9×10 4 m 2 s −1 RMS difference is mainly because the interpolated altimetric height lacks spatial resolution across the narrow western boundary current. A linear regression is used to demonstrate the estimation of subsurface temperature from altimetric data. Errors diminish from 0.8°C at 200 m to 0.3°C at 400 m. Geostrophic volume transport, 0–800 m, shows agreement that is similar to surface transport, with 4.8 Sverdrup (Sv) (10 6 m 3 s −1 ) RMS difference. The combination of altimetric height with subsurface temperature and salinity profiling is a powerful tool for observing variability in circulation and transport of the upper ocean. The continuing need for appropriate subsurface data for verification and for statistical estimation is emphasized. This includes salinity measurements, which significantly reduce errors in specific volume and steric height.
Risk stratification of patients in an emergency department chest pain unit: prognostic value of exercise treadmill testing using the Duke score (2008)

According to the Duke score, the low-risk group developed minimal cardiovascular events compared with the moderate/high-risk group. The Duke score appears effective for risk stratification of chest pain patients in chest pain units.
Unravelling Glucan Recognition Systems by Glycome Microarrays Using the Designer Approach and Mass Spectrometry (2015)

Glucans are polymers of d-glucose with differing linkages in linear or branched sequences. They are constituents of microbial and plant cell-walls and involved in important bio-recognition processes, including immunomodulation, anticancer activities, pathogen virulence, and plant cell-wall biodegradation. Translational possibilities for these activities in medicine and biotechnology are considerable. High-throughput micro-methods are needed to screen proteins for recognition of specific glucan sequences as a lead to structure-function studies and their exploitation. We describe construction of a "glucome" microarray, the first sequence-defined glycome-scale microarray, using a "designer" approach from targeted ligand-bearing glucans in conjunction with a novel high-sensitivity mass spectrometric sequencing method, as a screening tool to assign glucan recognition motifs. The glucome microarray comprises 153 oligosaccharide probes with high purity, representing major sequences in glucans. Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation was used for complete linkage analysis of gluco-oligosaccharides in linear "homo" and "hetero" and branched sequences. The system is validated using antibodies and carbohydrate-binding modules known to target α- or β-glucans in different biological contexts, extending knowledge on their specificities, and applied to reveal new information on glucan recognition by two signaling molecules of the immune system against pathogens: Dectin-1 and DC-SIGN. The sequencing of the glucan oligosaccharides by the MS method and their interrogation on the microarrays provides detailed information on linkage, sequence and chain length requirements of glucan-recognizing proteins, and are a sensitive means of revealing unsuspected sequences in the polysaccharides.
Electro-thermo-mechanics of resilient contractile fiber bundles as robotic actuators (2002)

A mathematical model is presented for the dynamic response of contractile fiber bundles embedded in or around elastic springs that are either linear helical compression springs or hyperelastic springs such as rubber-like materials. The fiber bundle is assumed to consist of a parallel array of contractile fibers made form either contractile polymeric muscles such as polyacrylic acid plus sodium acrylate cross-linked with bisacrylamide (PAAM) or polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. The proposed model considers the electrically or pH-induced contraction of the fibers which may include resistive heating of the fiber in case of shape-memory alloys. The theory then branches out to two different descriptions of such processes for ionic polymeric gel fiber bundles and shape-memory alloy fiber bundles. The governing equations have been derived and numerical simulations are carried to understand the dynamic response of such actuators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Integrated Permanent-Magnet-Synchronous Generator–Rectifier Architecture for Limited-Speed-Range Applications (2019)

Conventional high-power ac--dc conversion architectures rely heavily on active rectifiers, which consist of fully controlled power-electronic switches. These make the system bulky, lossy, and less reliable. This article presents an alternative approach-integrating a multiport permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with series-stacked power converters. An active rectifier processes only a fraction of the total converted power while regulating the dc bus. The remaining power is processed by diode bridges, which allows a substantial increase in overall efficiency, power density, and reliability. Theoretical analysis shows that for wind-power generation applications, the active rectifier processes a maximum of 39% of the rated power while the generator operates in a speed range similar to the conventional doubly fed induction machine. The conversion loss is reduced by 47%. Results from a laboratory-scale experimental setup corroborate the proposed architecture. This approach potentially increases integration of medium-voltage dc distribution to the megawatt-class mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion systems to achieve higher efficiency, higher power density, and lower cost compared to the conventional solutions based on a single-port PMSG with a full-power-rated converter.
JCAHO gears up to survey sterile compounding practices (2004)

Journal Article JCAHO gears up to survey sterile compounding practices Get access Cheryl A. Thompson Cheryl A. Thompson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 61, Issue 10, 1 May 2004, Page 980, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/61.10.980 Published: 15 May 2004
Study of impedance parameters of cerium modified lead zirconate titanate ceramics (2010)

A high-temperature solid-state reaction technique was used to prepare the polycrystalline samples of cerium (Ce) modified lead zirconate titanate with Zr/Ti ratio 65:35 (i.e., Pb(Zr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.65-x</sub> Ce <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.35</sub> )O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PZCT)). Preliminary X-ray structural analysis exhibits the formation of the new compositions of PZT. In order to study the compositional effects on the electrical properties (complex impedance Z*, complex modulus M*, electrical conductivity and relaxation mechanisms) of PZCT, a nondestructive experimental technique (i.e., complex impedance spectroscopy) was used. The complex impedance analysis with Nyquist plots shows that the impedance parameters of all the PZCT samples contain bulk effect. The presence of single arc in the complex modulus spectra of PZCT confirms the single phase of PZCT with high relaxation time. The asymmetric behaviour of semi-circular arcs and shifting of peaks suggest the existence of non-Debye (Cole-Cole) type of relaxation mechanism in the PZCT systems.
FREEWAY INCIDENT-DETECTION ALGORITHMS BASED ON DECISION TREES WITH STATES (1978)

Incident-detection algorithms are a part of an overall freeway-traffic management system. These algorithms provide indications of the probable presence of freeway incidents by processing electronic surveillance data. In this paper, a class of algorithms that are designed to discriminate patterns in the data peculiar to incidents are described. The generic structure of these algorithms is the decision tree with states, the states corresponding to distinct traffic conditions. Ways to calibrate algorithm thresholds are described and applied to the algorithms. Performance evaluations based on traffic data from the Los Angeles system are presented. /Authors/
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Metal Fused Coating Forming (2018)

3D printing has been widely used for the forming of functional parts, and electron beam and laser are used as the heat source mostly, which is expensive and energy consuming [1]. Metal Fused coating process is a developing additive manufacturing technology, the high power heat source is eliminated and the material is not confined to powder and wire [2]. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics method [3] combined with fluid volume method are used to study the influence of process parameters on coating and morphology. Considering the material's thermal physical properties change with temperature, the temperature history of feature positions and three-dimensional morphology are analysed. It is found that the differences of the melt spreading temperature histories of three key positions increase with the printing speed. The influence rules of different layer thickness and ratios of feeding speed to nozzle moving speed on bonding width, single-layer width and the ratio of bonding width to single-lane width are gained, which provides guidance to select the parameters in given process conditions.