gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gonadotropin Secretion during Aging in Postmenopausal Women (1991)

Although chronological aging is known to result in reduced gonadotropin secretion in women, the precise mechanisms to account for this neuroendocrine manifestation are yet obscure. To evaluate the extent to which the pituitary and/or hypothalamus are involved in the process of aging, we aimed at characterizing the unstimulated and GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion in postmenopausal women (PMW) of different ages. Accordingly, 9 younger PMW (mean age: 53.8 years) in their first and 9 older PMW (mean age: 80.3 years) in their 4th decade of life after natural onset of menopause were studied. In both groups, blood was collected at 10-min intervals for 10 h, while GnRH (25 micrograms i.v.) was administered 8 h after initiation of blood samplings. Compared to younger PMW, basal serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate were lower (p less than 0.05) in older PMW, while estrogen (estradiol, estrone), androgen (testosterone, androstendione) and sex hormone binding globulin levels were similar. Lower (p less than 0.01) mean LH levels composed of attenuated (p less than 0.05) LH pulse amplitudes and pulse frequencies (as determined by the cluster pulse algorithm) were found in the 8-hour LH secretory profiles of older PMW. Furthermore, the FSH secretion of older PMW was characterized by lower (p less than 0.01) mean FSH levels with lower (p less than 0.05) FSH pulse amplitudes, but not pulse frequencies. The absolute peak concentrations attained and the total amount of LH and FSH released in response to GnRH stimulations were blunted (p less than 0.001) in older PMW.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[RE: Doctoral Dissertation Fellowships, May 1995] (1995)

Photocopy of a letter from Elizabeth Paul, Senior Program Associate of the Getty Center for Education in the Arts, to RIG and Art Teacher Seminar Directors. Giving an enclosed press release of the recipients of the Getty Center for Education in the Arts' 1995 Doctoral Dissertation Fellowships. The programs objective is to advance the foundations of discipline-based art education by supporting the work of the doctoral candidates in visual art education, and such the fellowships are reserved for individuals who are candidates for either the Ph.D. or Ed.D. degrees.
Genetics of Motility and Chemotaxis of a Fascinating Group of Bacteria: The Spirochetes (2002)

Spirochetes are a medically important and ecologically significant group of motile bacteria with a distinct morphology. Outermost is a membrane sheath, and within this sheath is the protoplasmic cell cylinder and subterminally attached periplasmic flagella. Here we address specific and unique aspects of their motility and chemotaxis. For spirochetes, translational motility requires asymmetrical rotation of the two internally located flagellar bundles. Consequently, they have swimming modalities that are more complex than the well-studied paradigms. In addition, coordinated flagellar rotation likely involves an efficient and novel signaling mechanism. This signal would be transmitted over the length of the cell, which in some cases is over 100-fold greater than the cell diameter. Finally, many spirochetes, including Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira, are highly invasive pathogens. Motility is likely to play a major role in the disease process. This review summarizes the progress in the genetics of motility and chemotaxis of spirochetes, and points to new directions for future experimentation.
Tamper detection of fiber optic links via modulation transfer function characterization (1994)

Fiber optic communication links have long been touted as providing a secure communications channel for sensitive information. This reputation is largely based on the absence of electromagnetic emanations from the fiber. However, unauthorized access to data in optical fibers is a realistic possibility. Unfortunately it is not always possible to encrypt data transmitted via fiber optic links due to the lofty cost of high data rate encrypters. Therefore, on non-encrypted fiber communications channels, some form of tamper detection scheme is desirable to assure security. The limitations of conventional tamper detection techniques suggests that more sophisticated methods be used. Fiber optic links, like all communications channels, have a band-limited frequency response which produces a characteristic distortion of the signals that propagate down the fiber. A technique has been developed to perform a sensitive characterization of the fiber's frequency response function. This characterization can be exploited for detecting tamper in fiber optic communications links.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved Subthreshold and Output Characteristics of Source-Pocket Si Tunnel FET by the Application of Laser Annealing (2012)

To reduce the power consumption and improve the device performance in scaled CMOS integrated circuits, transistors with steep subthreshold swing (SS) is highly desirable. The tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) based on the band-to-band tunneling has been suggested as a replacement to conventional MOSFETs. In order to improve the device performance of TFET, enhanced carrier transport across the tunneling junction is crucial. In this paper, source-pocket Si TFET is presented and successfully fabricated by laser annealing. This TFET has enhanced lateral electric field across the source tunneling junction, resulting in a reduction of tunneling distance. The experimental data of the proposed paper, for the first time, shows steep SS (46 mV/dec at 1 pA/μm), excellent <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio ( <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> ), and improved output characteristics at T = 300 K due to the dramatic reduction of the tunneling resistance. Compared with other TFET works, the proposed method is efficient to improve the device performance on TFET.
Gene expression profiling of muscle tissue in Brahman steers during nutritional restriction1 (2005)

Expression profiling using microarrays allows for the detailed characterization of the gene networks that regulate an animal's response to environmental stresses. During nutritional restriction, processes such as protein turnover, connective tissue remodeling, and muscle atrophy take place in the skeletal muscle of the animal. These processes and their regulation are of interest in the context of managing livestock for optimal production efficiency and product quality. Here we expand on recent research applying complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray technology to the study of the effect of nutritional restriction on bovine skeletal muscle. Using a custom cDNA microarray of 9,274 probes from cattle muscle and s.c. fat libraries, we examined the differential gene expression profile of the LM from 10 Brahman steers under three different dietary treatments. The statistical approach was based on mixed-model ANOVA and model-based clustering of the BLUP solutions for the gene x diet interaction effect. From the results, we defined a transcript profile of 156 differentially expressed array elements between the weight loss and weight gain diet substrates. After sequence and annotation analyses, the 57 upregulated elements represented 29 unique genes, and the 99 downregulated elements represented 28 unique genes. Most of these co-regulated genes cluster into groups with distinct biological function related to protein turnover and cytoskeletal metabolism and contribute to our mechanistic understanding of the processes associated with remodeling of muscle tissue in response to nutritional stress.
Linkage of cutaneous malignant melanoma/dysplastic nevi to chromosome 9p, and evidence for genetic heterogeneity. (1994)

We examined the relationship between cutaneous malignant melanoma/dysplastic nevi (CMM/DN) and chromosome 9p in 13 pedigrees with two or more living cases of invasive melanoma. We used two highly informative (CA)n repeats, D9S126 and IFNA, previously implicated in familial malignant melanoma (MLM), to conduct linkage analysis. Three analyses were performed: (1) CMM alone--all individuals without either confirmed melanoma or borderline lesions were considered unaffected (model A); (2) CMM/DN with both variable age at onset and sporadics (model B); and (3) CMM affecteds only--all individuals either without confirmed melanoma or with borderline lesions were designated "unknown" (model C). There was significant evidence for linkage to IFNA in all three models. For CMM alone, the maximum lod score (Zmax) was 4.36 at theta = .10 for model A and 3.39 at theta = .10 for model C. For CMM/DN (model B), Zmax = 3.05 at theta = .20. There was no significant evidence for linkage between CMM alone or CMM/DN and chromosome 9p marker D9S126. In addition, there was significant evidence for heterogeneity when a homogeneity test allowing for linkage to chromosome 9p or chromosome 1p or neither region was used. These results suggest that there is an MLM susceptibility locus on chromosome 9p but that familial melanoma is heterogeneous and not all families with CMM/DN are linked to a locus in this region.
Recovering the Acoustic Green’s Function from Ambient Noise Cross Correlation in an Inhomogeneous Moving Medium (2006)

We study long-range correlation of diffuse acoustic noise fields in an arbitrary inhomogeneous, moving fluid. The flow reversal theorem is used to show that the cross-correlation function of ambient noise provides an estimate of a combination of the Green's functions corresponding to sound propagation in opposite directions between the two receivers. Measurements of the noise cross correlation allow one to quantify flow-induced acoustic nonreciprocity and evaluate both spatially averaged flow velocity and sound speed between the two points.
Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1994)

The Chinese version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (C-DAS) was administered to 91 maritally adjusted and 81 maritally maladjusted adults, along with other instruments assessing marital satisfaction (the Chinese Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale) and marital expectations (the Chinese Marital Comparison Level Index)
An energy-efficient process for decomposing perfluorooctanoic and perfluorooctane sulfonic acids using dc plasmas generated within gas bubbles (2011)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are environmentally harmful and persistent substances. Their decomposition was investigated using dc plasmas generated within small gas bubbles in a solution. The plasma characteristics including discharge voltage, voltage drop in the liquid, plasma shape and the emission spectrum were examined with different gases. The decomposition rate and energy efficiency were evaluated by measuring the concentration of fluoride and sulfate ions released from PFOA/PFOS molecules. The concentration of fluoride ions and energy efficiency in the treatment of a PFOS solution were 17.7 mg l−1 (54.8% of the initial amount of fluorine atoms) and 26 mg kWh−1, respectively, after 240 min of operation. The addition of scavengers of hydroxyl radicals and hydrated electrons showed little effect on the decomposition. The decomposition processes were analyzed with an assumption that positive species reacted with PFOA/PFOS molecules at the boundary of the plasma–solution surface. This type of plasma showed a much higher decomposition energy efficiency compared with energy efficiencies reported in other studies.
Thermal Properties of Lithium‐Ion Battery and Components (1999)

Experimental thermal property data of the Sony US-18650 lithium-ion battery and components are presented, as well as thermal property measuring techniques. The properties in question are specific heat capacity (C{sub p}), thermal diffusivity ({alpha}), and thermal conductivity ({kappa}), in the presence and absence of electrolyte [1 M LiPF{sub 6} in ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate (EC:DMC, 1:1 wt %)]. The heat capacity of the battery, C{sub p}, is 0.96 {+-} 0.02 J/g K at an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 2.75 V, and 1.04 {+-} 0.02 J/g K at 3.75 V. The thermal conductivity, {kappa}, was calculated from {kappa} {identical_to} {alpha}{rho}C{sub p} where {alpha} was measured by a xenon-flash technique. In the absence of electrolyte, {kappa} increases with OCV, for both the negative electrode (NE) and the positive electrode (PE). For the NE, the increase is 26% as the OCV increases from 2.75 to 3.75 V, whereas for the PE the increase is only 5 to 6%. The dependence of both C{sub p} and {kappa} on OCV is explained qualitatively by considering the effect of lithiation and delithiation on the electron carrier density, which leads to n-type semiconduction in the graphitic NE material, but a change from semiconducting to metallic character in Li{submore » x}CoO{sub 2} PE material. The overall effect is an increase of C{sub p} and {kappa} with OCV. For {kappa} this dependence is eliminated by electrolyte addition, which, however, greatly increases the effective {kappa} of the layered battery components by lowering the thermal contact resistance. For both NE and PE, the in-plane {kappa} value (measured along layers) is nearly one order of magnitude higher than the cross-plane {kappa}. This is ascribed mostly to the high thermal conductivity of the current collectors and to a lesser extent to the orientation of particles in the layers of electrodes.« less
Steps to standardization and validation of hippocampal volumetry as a biomarker in clinical trials and diagnostic criterion for Alzheimer's disease (2011)

Background: The promise of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers has led to their incorporation in new diagnostic criteria and in therapeutic trials; however, significant barriers exist to widespread use. Chief among these is the lack of internationally accepted standards for quantitative metrics. Hippocampal volumetry is the most widely studied quantitative magnetic resonance imaging measure in Alzheimer's disease and thus represents the most rational target for an initial effort at standardization.Methods and Results: The authors of this position paper propose a path toward this goal. The steps include the following: ( I) Establish and empower an oversight board to manage and assess the effort, (2) adopt the standardized definition of anatomic hippocampal boundaries on magnetic resonance imaging arising from the European Alzheimer's Disease Centers Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative hippocampal harmonization effort as a reference standard, (3) establish a scientifically appropriate, publicly available reference standard data set based on manual delineation of the hippocampus in an appropriate sample of subjects (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative), and (4) define minimum technical and prognostic performance metrics for validation of new measurement techniques using the reference standard data set as a benchmark.Conclusions: Although manual delineation of the hippocampus is the best available reference standard, practical application of hippocampal volumetry will require automated methods. Our intent was to establish a mechanism for credentialing automated software applications to achieve internationally recognized accuracy and prognostic performance standards that lead to the systematic evaluation and then widespread acceptance and use of hippocampal volumetry. The standardization and assay validation process outlined for hippocampal volumetry was envisioned as a template that could be applied to other imaging biomarkers. (C) 2011 The Alzheimer's Association. All rights reserved.
Modulated expression of human peripheral blood micro<scp>RNA</scp>s from infancy to adulthood and its role in aging (2014)

Accumulating evidence suggests a role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating various processes of mammalian postnatal development and aging. To investigate the changes in blood-based miRNA expression from preterm infants to adulthood, we compared 365 miRNA expression profiles in a screening set of preterm infants and adults. Approximately one-third of the miRNAs were constantly expressed from postnatal development to adulthood, another one-third were differentially expressed between preterm infants and adults, and the remaining one-third were not detectable in these two groups. Based on their expression in infants and adults, the miRNAs were categorized into five classes, and six of the seven miRNAs chosen from each class except one with age-constant expression were confirmed in a validation set containing infants, children, and adults. Comparing the chromosomal locations of the different miRNA classes revealed two hot spots: the miRNA cluster on 14q32.31 exhibited age-constant expression, and the one on 9q22.21 exhibited up-regulation in adults. Furthermore, six miRNAs detectable in adults were down-regulated in older adults, and four chosen for individual quantification were verified in the validation set. Analysis of the network functions revealed that differentially regulated miRNAs between infants and adults and miRNAs that decreased during aging shared two network functions: inflammatory disease and inflammatory response. Four expression patterns existed in the 11 miRNAs from infancy to adulthood, with a significant transition in ages 9-20 years. Our results provide an overview on the regulation pattern of blood miRNAs throughout life and the possible biological functions performed by different classes of miRNAs.
Diagnostic efficacy of a reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assay to screen cattle for persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection (2006)

Results suggested that the reverse transcriptase-PCR assay can be used to screen cattle for persistent BVDV infection, with calculated sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 85.2% to 100%) and calculated specificity of 97.5% (95% confidence interval, 93.4% to 99.3%).
Synthesis of quaternary phosphonium N-chloramine biocides for antimicrobial applications (2017)

We synthesized a phosphonium<italic>N</italic>-chloramine biocide which has distinctively higher antimicrobial efficacy than the previously developed ammonium counterpart.
Gérmenes más frecuentes en peritonitis asociada a diálisis peritoneal en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en el Servicio de Urgencias (2011)

background: In our country, chronic renal failure represents a public health problem. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment is symptomatic and replacement of end-stage renal disease. Peritonitis is the main complication, increases morbidity and is the main cause why the change of treatment mode. For cytological diagnosis should be made dialysis fluid but the more specific method to determine the pathogen is the cultivation of which, together with the antibiogram serves as a basis for developing management guidelines and initiate or modify specific antibiotic treatment. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to the Emergency Department with a diagnosis of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis hospitalized during the period of March 1, 2005, to February 29, 2008. results: Of the 43 patients who met the inclusion criteria, the prevailing age of 50-59 years (28%), being the main pathogenic coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (67%). conclusions: As reported in other studies, this study found that the main microorganisms causing dialysis-associated peritonitis are grampositive.
Common coupling as a measure of reuse effort in kernel-based software with case studies on the creation of MkLinux and Darwin (2008)

Abstract An obstacle to software reuse is the large number of major modifications that frequently have to be made as a consequence of dependencies within the reused software components. In this paper, common coupling is categorized and used as a measure of the dependencies between software components. We compared common coupling in three operating systems, Linux, FreeBSD, and Mach, and related it to the reuse effort of these systems. The measure is evaluated by studying the creation of two operating systems, MkLinux which is based on the reuse of Linux and Mach, and Darwin which is based on the reuse of FreeBSD and Mach. We conclude that the way that common coupling is implemented in Linux kernel induces large dependencies between software components, which required more effort in order to be reused to produce MkLinux, while the common coupling implemented in the Mach and FreeBSD kernels induces few dependencies between software components, which required less effort in order to be reused to produce Darwin.
Effectiveness of Anthracycline Against Experimental Prion Disease in Syrian Hamsters (1997)

Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative conditions characterized by the accumulation of protease-resistant forms of the prion protein (PrP), termed PrPres, in the brain. Insoluble PrPres tends to aggregate into amyloid fibrils. The anthracycline 4'-iodo-4'-deoxy-doxorubicin (IDX) binds to amyloid fibrils and induces amyloid resorption in patients with systemic amyloidosis. To test IDX in an experimental model of prion disease, Syrian hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally either with scrapie-infected brain homogenate or with infected homogenate coincubated with IDX. In IDX-treated hamsters, clinical signs of disease were delayed and survival time was prolonged. Neuropathological examination showed a parallel delay in the appearance of brain changes and in the accumulation of PrPres and PrP amyloid.
Plurality of Methodologies to Bridge the Gap Between Research and Practice: A Case Study in Infertility Research (2013)

This article discusses the benefit of combining a quantitative and qualitative approach in studying social phenomena and illustrates it relative to the experience of individuals struggling with infertility. The combined use of the two methodologies allows capturing a comprehensive, nuanced and expansive picture of infertility, providing information to help bridge the gap between research and practice, and offering implications for policy and further research. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs140185
Early striatal amyloid deposition distinguishes Down syndrome and autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease from late‐onset amyloid deposition (2018)

Disorders associated with early-life alterations in amyloid precursor protein production or processing are associated with a distinct pattern of early striatal fibrillary Aβ deposition before significant cognitive impairment. A better understanding of this unique pattern could identify important mechanisms of Aβ deposition and possibly important targets for early intervention.
Recurring urinary tract infection: incidence and risk factors. (1990)

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection among young women, with a high recurrence rate. This study documents the six-month incidence of second UTI among a cohort of women with one initial UTI and the factors associated with recurrence. Among the cohort of 113 women, 30 (26.6 percent) experienced at least one culture-confirmed recurrence within the six months following initial infection. The presence of hematuria and urgency as symptoms of initial infection were the strongest predictors of second infection. Behavioral factors associated with initial infection (frequency of sexual intercourse, diaphragm use, and voiding after sexual intercourse) did not distinguish between women who would and would not experience a second UTI during the six-month follow-up period.