gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Portal Blood Flow in Cirrhosis of the Liver* (1967)

Direct measurements of portal flow and pressure in a relatively large number of patients with cirrhosis show a marked reduction in flow associated with a nearly constant plateau of portal pressure. This lack of correlation indicates the complex relationships of resistances in the splanchnic, collateral, and hepatic circuits determining the division of the available splanchnic flow between the portal vein and the collateral pathways. Subtracting the measured portal flow from well-established estimates of total hepatic blood flow in cirrhosis suggests that the hepatic artery contributes more than one-half of the blood perfusing the cirrhotic liver. There was no instance of retrograde portal flow during the preshunt measurements, although such reversal was frequent after side-to-side portacaval anastomosis. Attempting to explain the plateau of portal pressure in the face of an increasing outflow resistance presumably associated with progress of the disease, we postulate that an augmented inflow resistance to the splanchnic chamber reduces splanchnic flow in cirrhosis. End-to-side portacaval anastomosis did not return normal portal flow, although it decreased pressure to accepted control levels. The assumption is that most of the splanchnic blood was flowing through the shunt, leading to a high splanchnic resistance in the immediate postshunt status. If this resistance was previously elevated, as suggested by the plateau of portal pressure, the mechanism responsible for the elevation was not immediately deactivated after the shunt, and the true effect of the operation upon splanchnic flow may not be measurable at such time. Respiratory oscillations were a significant component of portal flow in cirrhosis before and after portacaval anastomosis, indicating the limitations of any steady state analysis of the circulatory derangement in cirrhosis.
New stress inducing technique of epitaxial si on recessed S/D fabricated in substrate strained-si of [100]channel on rotated wafers (2006)

For the first time, a novel CMOSFET structure in substrate strained-Si of lang100rang-channel on rotated wafers is presented. Low Ge concentration (10%) of SiGe layer is used in order to suppress the Vth shift and the mobility reduction caused by high channel doping. We applied Si selective epitaxial growth on recessed S/D region in SiGe layer, which is effective to induce high tensile stress and reduce S/D resistance. In strained Si NMOS, 15% performance improvement is achieved. Moreover, additive stress by using tensile CESL can further improve the drive current. In strained Si PMOS, 25% performance improvement is achieved in both narrow and wide channel device
Test and repair of non-volatile commodity and embedded memories (2003)

Summary form only given. Semiconductor memory market has been driven by DRAM. However non-volatile memory market, flash memory as a representative, is growing remarkably because of its versatile application market such as cellular phone, PC memory card, silicon audio, digital still camera storage, automobile application with MCU and so forth. In terms of testing, it is quite different from DRAM. The author describes the differences, requirements and solutions for flash memory repair and testing from the viewpoint of ATE.
Design of a DPCM codec for VLSI realization in CMOS technology (1985)

Current perspectives on broad-band communication services have made the realization of a DPCM system for video coding on a single integrated circuit particularly important. A nonadaptive intraframe DPCM system is designed for reducing video transmission bit rate by a factor of two. All functional blocks of a DPCM codec have been specified, and modifications have been investigated for reducing speed requirements. Alternative realizations of functional blocks, e.g., adders, subtractors, table look-up operations, are compared with respect to speed by a simple delay model. A one-chip VLSI implementation of an efficient DPCM codec will be possible with a 2-µm CMOS technology.
Various Methods for Edge Detection in Digital Image Processing (2011)

In computer and image processing edge detection playing a vital role. It is problems of fundamental importance in image analysis edge characterizes object boundaries and are useful for segmentation, registration and identification of objects in a scene. In this paper we discuss feature extraction. Firstly we apply Gaussian noise removal method for removing the noise from image collected. Secondly some edge detection operator such as Binary Morphology, canny edge detection, log edge detection, differential edge detection are applied and analyzed. According to simulated result the advantages and disadvantages of these edge detection operators are compared. It is shown that the binary morphology operator can obtain better edge detection.
Stochastic program optimization (2016)

The optimization of short sequences of loop-free, fixed-point assembly code sequences is an important problem in high-performance computing. However, the competing constraints of transformation correctness and performance improvement often force even special purpose compilers to produce sub-optimal code. We show that by encoding these constraints as terms in a cost function, and using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler to rapidly explore the space of all possible code sequences, we are able to generate aggressively optimized versions of a given target code sequence. Beginning from binaries compiled by 11vm --O0, we are able to produce provably correct code sequences that either match or outperform the code produced by qcc --O3, icc --O3, and in some cases expert handwritten assembly.
Potentiometric, Electronic Structural, and Ground- and Excited-State Optical Properties of Conjugated Bis[(Porphinato)zinc(II)] Compounds Featuring Proquinoidal Spacer Units (2005)

We report the synthesis, optical, electrochemical, electronic structural, and transient optical properties of conjugated (porphinato)zinc(II)-spacer-(porphinato)zinc(II) (PZn-Sp-PZn) complexes that possess intervening conjugated Sp structures having varying degrees of proquinoidal character. These supermolecular PZn-Sp-PZn compounds feature Sp moieties {(4,7-diethynylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (E-BTD-E), 6,13-diethynylpentacene (E-PC-E), 4,9-diethynyl-6,7-dimethyl[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (E-TDQ-E), and 4,8-diethynylbenzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) (E-BBTD-E)} that regulate frontier orbital energy levels and progressively increase the extent of the quinoidal resonance contribution to the ground and electronically excited states, augmenting the magnitude of electronic communication between terminal (5,-10,20-di(aryl)porphinato)zinc(II) units, relative to that evinced for a bis[(5,5',-10,20-di(aryl)porphinato)zinc(II)]butadiyne benchmark (PZnE-EPZn). Electronic absorption spectra show significant red-shifts of the respective PZn-Sp-PZn x-polarized Q state (S0 --> S1) transition manifold maxima (240-4810 cm(-1)) relative to that observed for PZnE-EPZn. Likewise, the potentiometrically determined PZn-Sp-PZn HOMO-LUMO gaps (E1/2(0/+) - E1/2(-/0)) display correspondingly diminished energy separations that range from 1.88 to 1.11 eV relative to that determined for PZnE-EPZn (2.01 eV). Electronic structure calculations provide insight into the origin of the observed PZn-Sp-PZn electronic and optical properties. Pump-probe transient spectral data for these PZn-Sp-PZn supermolecules demonstrate that the S1 --> S(n) transition manifolds of these species span an unusually broad spectral domain of the NIR. Notably, the absorption maxima of these S1 --> S(n) manifolds can be tuned over a 1000-1600 nm spectral region, giving rise to intense excited-state transitions approximately 4000 cm(-1) lower in energy than that observed for the analogous excited-state absorption maximum of the PZnE-EPZn benchmark; these data highlight the unusually large quinoidal resonance contribution to the low-lying electronically excited singlet states of these PZn-Sp-PZn species. The fact that the length scales of the PZn-Sp-PZn species (approximately 25 angstrom) are small with respect to those of classic conducting polymers, yet possess NIR S1 --> S(n) manifold absorptions lower in energy, underscore the unusual electrooptic properties of these conjugated structures.
Phylogenetically informative length polymorphism and sequence variability in mitochondrial DNA of Australian songbirds (Pomatostomus). (1990)

A combination of restriction analysis and direct sequencing via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to build trees relating mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from 50 individuals belonging to five species of Australian babblers (Pomatostomus). The trees served as a quantitative framework for analyzing the direction and tempo of evolution of an intraspecific length polymorphism from a third mitochondrial ancestor. The length polymorphism lies between the cytochrome b and 12S rRNA (srRNA) genes. Screening of mtDNAs within and between the five species with restriction enzymes showed that Pomatosomus temporalis was polymorphic for two smaller size classes (M and S) that are completely segregated geographically, whereas mtDNAs from the other four species were exclusively of a third, larger size (L). Inter- and intraspecific phylogenetic trees relating mtDNAs based on restriction maps, cytochrome b sequences obtained via PCR, and the two data sets combined were compared to one another statistically and were broadly similar except for the phylogenetic position of Pomatosomus halli. Both sets of phylogenies imply that only two deletion events can account for the observed intraspecific distribution of the three length types. High levels of base-substitutional divergence were detected within and between northern and southern lineages of P. temporalis, which implies a low level of gene flow between northern and southern regions as well as a low rate of length mutation. These conclusions were confirmed by applying coalescent theory to the statistical framework provided by the phylogenetic analyses.
Modifications of cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on the cough. (1986)

The ability of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to provide adequate vital organ blood flow during prolonged resuscitation has long been questioned, as has the mechanism of blood flow during CPR. Because coughing during cardiac arrest has been shown to produce adequate anterograde flow to maintain consciousness in man without compressing the heart, cough CPR has been used as a model of a pure "thoracic pump" mechanism on which to base modifications of CPR. In the thoracic pump mechanism, the left heart is a passive conduit for blood expressed from the pulmonary vasculature to the aorta, and there is selective flow to the brachiocephalic vascular bed because of its low pressure veins, which are protected by closure of thoracic inlet venous valves. Right heart flow from systemic veins to the lungs occurs between applications of pressure. Four alternative modalities exploiting the thoracic pump concept were studied in dogs during ventricular fibrillation with angiographic and pressure recordings: cough CPR, simultaneous chest compression and lung inflation, abdominal compression with lung inflation, and inflation of a vest and binder. The latter technique was associated with successful defibrillation and recovery after more than 30 min of circulatory support during ventricular fibrillation. Preliminary studies in a primate preparation indicate that this technique might be useful for prolonged circulatory support in man when defibrillation is not initially available or successful.
The Relationship between Green Tea and Total Caffeine Intake and Risk for Self-Reported Type 2 Diabetes among Japanese Adults (2006)

Consumption of green tea, coffee, and total caffeine was associated with a reduced risk for type 2 diabetes.
Turkey Prolactin: Validation of a Radioimmunoassay and Measurement of Changes Associated with Broodiness (1981)

A sensitive and highly specific radioimmunoassay procedure has been developed for measuring levels of circulating turkey prolactin. Mean plasma prolactin levels in broody turkey hens were found to be 9 times those of laying hens and 23 to 50 times those of molting hens, male poults, and adult toms. The plasma prolactin concentration of laying hens was found to increase gradually beginning about 10 days prior to the onset of broodiness, and to increase sharply at about the time of persistent nesting. Interrruption of incubation behavior by nest-deprivation and constant light was associated with a precipitous decline in prolactin levels. A hen that continued to exhibit incubation behavior despite this treatment showed no decline in plasma prolactin levels. A hen that continued to exhibit incubation behavior despite this treatment showed no decline in plasma prolactin concentration. These results confirm and expand the findings of some other investigators that incubation behavior in the turkey is associated with dramatically elevated prolactin levels.
A radioimmunoassay for tallysomycin. (1980)

Antibodies were raised against a new antineoplastic agent, tallysomycin, for use in a radioimmunoassay. The assay was sensitive to 2.5 ng of tallysomycin, had a coefficient of variation of 10.5% at 50 ng/ml, and was highly specific for tallysomycin A. The antibody exhibited reduced cross-reactivity with closely related tallysomycin analogs and little or no immunoreactivity with other antitumor antibiotics including bleomycin and phleomycin. Increased immunoreactivity occurred following copper chelation of tallysomycin B as compared with the non-chelated forms, thus indicating possible conformational alterations upon metal binding.
Improving the Quality of Explanations with Local Embedding Perturbations (2019)

Classifier explanations have been identified as a crucial component of knowledge discovery. Local explanations evaluate the behavior of a classifier in the vicinity of a given instance. A key step in this approach is to generate synthetic neighbors of the given instance. This neighbor generation process is challenging and it has considerable impact on the quality of explanations. To assess quality of generated neighborhoods, we propose a local intrinsic dimensionality (LID) based locality constraint. Based on this, we then propose a new neighborhood generation method. Our method first fits a local embedding/subspace around a given instance using the LID of the test instance as the target dimensionality, then generates neighbors in the local embedding and projects them back to the original space. Experimental results show that our method generates more realistic neighborhoods and consequently better explanations. It can be used in combination with existing local explanation algorithms.
Sensor Network Based Synchronous Lifting Technology in Bridge Reconstruction (2010)

This paper mainly studies the application of synchronous lifting technology in the bridge lifting. The wireless sensor network is installed in the bridge to serve as low-cost alternatives to commercially available cable-based measuring and monitoring systems. Due to the unavoidable sensing noises and the uncertain perturbations in the hydraulic systems, Kalman filter is adopted to reduce the measuring errors. A mean-position based synchronous adjust strategy in the central controller is used to ensure the synchronization of all lifting points. Simulations based on MatLab for the synchronous lifting of certain bridge are provided to verify the validity of our synchronous lifting technology.
Development of a novel solid lipid nanoparticles-loaded dual-reverse thermosensitive nanomicelle for intramuscular administration with sustained release and reduced toxicity (2015)

The DRTN was prepared with flurbiprofen-loaded SLNs, poloxamers and water. The suspension transformed into a hydrogel at body temperature. The rheological characterization, release, pharmacokinetics and morphology were evaluated.
Growth pattern and clinical correlation of subcutaneously inoculated human primary acute leukemias in severe combined immunodeficiency mice (1996)

We examined the ability of patient-derived human leukemic blasts to generate leukemic growth and dissemination in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice by subcutaneous inoculation without conditioning treatment or administration of growth-promoting cytokines. Additionally, we correlated the growth pattern with the clinical outcome of patients from whom the leukemic cells were derived. The leukemias displayed three distinct growth patterns, ie, either aggressive, indolent, or no tumor growth. Leukemic cells from 6 of 13 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 4 of 7 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and 11 of 16 patients with B-lineage ALL grew as subcutaneous tumors, with a significant number subsequently disseminating into distant organs in SCID mice. Patients whose leukemic blasts displayed an aggressive growth and dissemination pattern in SCID mice had a relatively poor clinical outcome, whereas patients with AML and T- or B-lineage ALL whose leukemic blasts grew indolently or whose cells failed to induce growth had a more favorable clinical course. Our study has shown that the subcutaneous inoculation of patient-derived human leukemic cells in SCID mice can engraft and grow as subcutaneous tumors with subsequent dissemination to distant organs in a manner analogous to their pattern of growth in humans. Additionally, these data suggest a clinical correlation to the growth and dissemination of some leukemic subtypes that may represent not only an additional prognosticator for patient outcome, but also a vehicle for the study of the biologic behavior of human leukemias and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Web-based intelligent helpdesk-support environment (2002)

With the advent of Internet technology, it is now feasible to provide effective and efficient helpdesk service over the global Internet to meet customers' requirements and satisfaction. In this research, we have designed and developed a Web-based intelligent helpdesk-support environment, WebHotLine, to support the customer service centre of a large multinational corporation in the electronics industry. The paper describes the basic architecture of the environment that supports the major functions of Web-based fault information retrieval, online multilingual translation capability, different operating modes of video-conferencing for enhanced support and direct intelligent fault diagnosis by customers or customer support engineers. As a result, WebHotLine helps to save cost in eliminating the expensive overseas telephone charges, reduction in machine down time and number of on-site visits by service engineers as in traditional helpdesk environment.
The RECOVERY Platform (2020)

The RECOVERY Platform Sharon-Lise Normand provides a biostatistician’s view of the preliminary findings on dexamethasone for Covid-19, noting that the results represent an important step and that t...
Making midwifery decisions. (1997)

In order to share practice decision making with women, midwives need to understand their own tacit knowledge and some of the heuristic processes used to arrive at clinical decisions. Arguing that midwifery decision making is intuitive and artful is insufficient defence when accounting for professional practice. Explicit reasoning, individual and shared, should be well to the fore. Contrary to received wisdom, expert practitioners can share their midwifery reasoning with junior colleagues. Role modelling decision making process involves the senior midwife in understanding her own tacit knowledge and coming to terms with practice discussion as a pursuit of understanding, rather than a blame culture activity.
Fat’s loss is bone’s gain (2004)

Osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue with an increased susceptibility to fractures, is a major public health threat to the elderly. Bone mass homeostasis in adults is maintained locally by the balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Haploinsufficiency of PPARgamma, a key transcription factor implicated previously in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis, has now been shown to promote osteogenesis through enhanced osteoblast formation. These findings support a reciprocal relationship between the development of bone and fat, and may prompt further exploration of the PPAR pathway as a potential target for intervention in osteoporosis.
Mechanisms of B cell tolerance. I. Tolerance to dextran B1355 induced with the oxidized dextran. (1977)

The bacterial dextran B1355, which is normally a potent thymus-independent immunogen, was made tolerogenic by oxidation. The injection of the oxidized dextran into BALB/c mice before, at the same time, or up to 4 days after the injection of the immunogenic form of the dextran resulted in a marked immunologically specific suppression of the number of anti-dextran antibody-forming cells found in the spleen. This suppression resulted from a direct inactivation of antibody-forming cell precursors rather than from either inhibition of antibody secretion or the exhaustive utilization of precursor B cells that have been observed in other tolerance systems. A substantial degree of tolerance was achieved after only a 1-hr in vivo exposure of the spleen cells to the tolerogen. At a dose of 1 mg of oxidized dextran per mouse, tolerance persised for at least 3 weeks. A complete recovery was apparent by 10 weeks. The stability of the tolerance was demonstrated by transferring tolerant spleen cells to irradiated recipients. The response in the recipient animals to an immunogenic dextran challenge remained suppressed. It appears that the tolerogenicity of the oxidized dextran is due to its ability to couple covalently with free amino groups in or near the receptor site of the cell membrane via the reactive dialdehyde groups of the dextran.
Proposed GaAs–Al–GaAs Metal Base Transistor (1984)

The potential and feasibility of a metal base GaAs–Al–GaAs transistor are discussed. The transistor is capable of ultra-high speed performance primarily due to the reduced base resistance and elimination of the base contact resistance.
MARINER II INSTRUMENTATION- WHAT WILL IT SEE ON VENUS (1962)

Microwave and infrared radiation detectors on mariner ii space probe to examine venus clouds and surface conditions
Enzymatic Process for the Synthesis of <i>cis/</i><i>trans</i>-(1<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 6-ylidene-acetate:  Solvent Effect and NMR Study (2006)

An efficient enzymatic process has been developed to resolve a diastereomeric mixture of racemic ethyl bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ylidene-acetate (1). Using 40% acetone, not only was the enantioselectivity of Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) significantly improved to E > 200 from E = 2.7, remarkably the enzyme is able to maintain low diastereoselectivity for the Z (cis)- and E (trans)-isomers leading to an overall high isolated yield (40−45%, vs maximum theoretical yield 50%) and excellent enantiomeric excess (>98.5% ee). Preliminary studies using 2D TROSY shows that there is probably a global conformational change in the N15-labeled enzyme CAL-B when the content of organic cosolvents increases from 0% to 30%. The route was successfully scaled to 63 kg for the synthesis of GABA analogues.
Metallic Grating on a D-Shaped Fiber for Refractive Index Sensing (2013)

Metallic grating (MG) with high accuracy is fabricated on the side surface of a D-shaped fiber by using focused ion beam (FIB) machining. The D-shaped fiber is obtained through polishing the cladding of a single-mode fiber away from one side. Then, a thin-film layer of gold is deposited on the flat side surface. A 38- μm-long grating with the pitch of 485 nm is further milled on the gold film. The guiding mode and the surface plasmon polariton mode are thus coupled in the MG through the evanescent field for sensing applications. The refractive indexes of pure water and isopropanol are measured. A sensitivity of 917 nm/RIU is obtained.