gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> selection of an effective fungicide against <i>Armillaria mellea</i> and control of white root rot of grapevine in the field (2006)

Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr) Kummer is an aggressive pathogen which causes white root rot in a wide range of hosts. Most chemicals tested so far against Armillaria, both in vitro and in the field, have not been effective in reducing fungal growth and/or preventing plant decline and mortality. In the present work the effects of four DMI (sterol demethylation inhibitor) fungicides, cyproconazole, hexaconazole, propiconazole and tetraconazole, and another six downwardly mobile systemic chemicals, azoxystrobin, cubiet (copper bis(ethoxy-dihydroxy-diethylamino)sulfate), fosetyl-Al, potassium phosphite, sodium tetrathiocarbonate (STTC) and 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), on the mycelial growth of A. mellea were compared and evaluated; the product yielding the best results in in vitro experiments was selected to determine its efficacy in preventing decline and mortality of grapevines in the field. Best results on in vitro fungal growth reduction were obtained with the four azoles tested, in particular with cyproconazole and hexaconazole, achieving 67-72% mycelial growth inhibition at the lowest dose. Results obtained in the field showed that a dose of 50 mg AI litre(-1) of cyproconazole once or twice a year was efficient in controlling the disease even in vines seriously affected by the pathogen. However, further research is required to study minimum effective doses, residual effects and the convenience of the application of annual dressings in damaged vineyards, so as to gradually reduce the pathogen inoculum potential in soil and control the disease while reducing chemical residues in the plant and preventing development of fungal resistance.
Specificity and Negative Cooperativity in Dendrimer–Oxime Drug Complexation (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSpecificity and Negative Cooperativity in Dendrimer–Oxime Drug ComplexationSeok Ki Choi*†, Pascale Leroueil†, Ming-Hsin Li†‡, Ankur Desai†, Hong Zong†, Abraham F. L. Van Der Spek†§, and James R. Baker, Jr.*†‡View Author Information† ‡ †Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences and Department of Internal Medicine, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, and §Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States*Phone (734) 615-0618, Fax (734) 615-0621, e-mail [email protected] (S.K.C.); Phone (734) 647-2777, Fax (734) 615-2506, e-mail [email protected] (J.R.B.).Cite this: Macromolecules 2011, 44, 11, 4026–4029Publication Date (Web):May 5, 2011Publication History Received7 March 2011Revised27 April 2011Published online5 May 2011Published inissue 14 June 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma200522mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma200522mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views921Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Complexation,Dendrons,Diffusion,Molecules,Titration Get e-Alerts
Spherically propagating thermal polymerization fronts (2006)

Abstract We demonstrate for the first time spherically propagating frontal polymerization that also exhibits spin modes. We have developed an interesting system using the amine‐catalyzed Michael addition of a trithiol to a triacrylate to create a rubbery gel. The gel suppresses convection and bubble formation during front propagation. A peroxide is also present to act as a thermal initiator. The front propagates via free‐radical polymerization of the remaining triacrylate after being initiated photochemically in the center of the reactor. It is possible to prepare the rubbery gel in any shape and then initiate thermal frontal polymerization. So‐called spin modes have been observed for the first time in spherically propagating fronts in which waves of polymerization propagate on the expanding spherical front. A system using a diacrylate dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide with added silica gel and with persulfate as the initiator supports spherical fronts but does not exhibit spin modes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1387–1395, 2006
Mutational Analysis of EGFR and Related Signaling Pathway Genes in Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies a Novel Somatic Kinase Domain Mutation in FGFR4 (2007)

This study is one of the first comprehensive mutational analyses of major genes in a specific signaling pathway in a sizeable cohort of lung adenocarcinomas. Our results suggest the majority of gain-of-function mutations within kinase genes in the EGFR signaling pathway have already been identified. Our findings also implicate FGFR4 in the pathogenesis of a subset of lung adenocarcinomas.
Ethylene-Induced Gene Expression of Osmotin-Like Protein, a Neutral Isoform of Tobacco PR-5, is Mediated by the AGCCGCC cis-Sequence (1996)

Osmotin-like protein (OLP) is a neutral isoform in the group 5 pathogenesis-related (PR) tobacco proteins. The OLP gene, like the basic PR protein genes, is constitutively expressed in tobacco roots and cultured cells. OLP is not naturally present in intact healthy leaves, but ethylene treatment induces a high accumulation there. To study the mechanism of OLP gene expression as induced by ethylene, we cloned the gene from Nicotiana sylvestris, an ancestor of N. tabacum. Sequence analysis showed that it has no intron and that its promoter region contains two AGCCGCC sequences that are conserved in most basic PR-protein genes. The function of the AGCCGCC sequences in transgenic tobacco plants that harbor the wild and mutated OLP promoter::GUS fusion genes was analyzed. Mutation in the AGCCGCC sequences clearly inhibited the GUS expression induced by ethylene, indicative that the AGCCGCC sequence(s) is a DNA element(s) responsive to ethylene. An EREBP2 protein, isolated as one of the proteins binding to the AGCCGCC sequence of the tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase gene, also was found to bind to the AGCCGCC sequence(s) of OLP gene. These results suggest that the ethylene-induced expression of OLP is regulated by a trans-acting factor(s) common to basic PR-proteins.
Quantitative analysis of decay transients applied to a multimode pulsed cavity ringdown experiment (2001)

The intensity and noise properties of decay transients obtained in a generic pulsed cavity ringdown experiment are analyzed experimentally and theoretically. A weighted nonlinear least-squares analysis of digitized decay transients is shown that avoids baseline offset effects that induce systematic deviations in the estimation of decay rates. As follows from simulations not only is it a method that provides correct estimates for the values of the fit parameters, but moreover it also yields a correct estimate of the precision of the fit parameters. It is shown experimentally that a properly aligned stable optical resonator can effectively yield monoexponential decays under multimode excitation. An on-line method has been developed, based on a statistical analysis of the noise properties of the decay transients, to align a stable resonator toward this monoexponential decay.
Wideband temperature-compensated optical isolator or circulator configuration using two Faraday elements (1989)

Two Faraday elements are configured with two linear retardation elements such that the variations in their individual rotations due to wavelength and temperature changes are compensated for. Wideband isolation between 1250 and 1650 nm is demonstrated using 45 degrees and 90 degrees yttrium iron garnet elements and two 45 degrees right-angle glass prisms (n ~ 1.73) that produce approximately 60 degrees linear retardations on total internal reflection.
Effects of pressure and hydrogen on the formation of vacancies and divacancies in crystalline silicon (2004)

The electron-density functional and pseudopotential methods are used to study the effects of hydrogen and pressure on the formation of vacancies and divacancies in silicon. It is shown that the formation energy of vacancies can be reduced by 1.8–3.5 eV and that of divacancies by 2.0–5.4 eV in the presence of hydrogen. As a result, the spontaneous generation of vacancies and vacancy-containing complexes becomes possible at high concentrations of hydrogen. At the same time, the presence of hydrogen makes silicon less sensitive to pressure and, at high hydrogen concentrations, can completely suppress the tendency toward additional formation of vacancies in the sample exposed to pressure.
Compressive sensing imaging with randomized lattice sampling: Applications to fast 3D MRI (2011)

Fast MRI makes it possible to visualize dynamic biological phenomena and can potentially reduce the cost of diagnostic imaging. Constrained imaging methods such as compressive sense (CS) and optimal lattice sampling (OLS) have proven to be effective for speeding up MRI. In doing so, CS takes advantage of the image sparsity or compressibility and OLS utilizes the known signal/spectrum support. Interestingly, while CS requires sampling to be "randomized" to obtain incoherent artifacts which is critical for reconstruction, OLS mandates sampling to be on a structured lattice. In this paper, we proposed a method to integrate CS with OLS so that both the sparsity and support constraints can be used simultaneously. The method randomizes the sampling on the lattice and minimizes a convex cost function with sparsity constraint and data fidelity terms. Computer simulations in 3D MRI show that the proposed method allows greater accelerations with minimal degradation of the image quality.
Design parameters for enhanced photon absorption in vertically aligned silicon nanowire arrays (2014)

78.40.Fy; 78.67.Uh; 78.67.-n.
A Strategic Decision Support System at Orell Fussli (1994)

Abstract:Strategic decision support systems (strategic DSS) are one means of helping managers understand strategy and its implications. Strategic DSS contain many general decision support system (DSS) features, and are intended for senior managers. This article discusses the ongoing development of a strategic DSS for the Banknotes and Securities Division of Orell Fussli, a Swiss printing company. The system incorporates conceptual models, and provides explanations, cases, and guidance on how to use the models effectively. It helps train managers in strategic concepts and facilitates strategic thinking, and has been used to help develop and validate product/market strategies. We also provide several practical guidelines, including useKey Words and Phrases: conceptual modelsintrinsic analysisstrategic decision support systemsstrategic thinking Additional informationNotes on contributorsSalvatore BelardoSalvatore Belardo received the B.S.M.E. degree from the Rochester Institute of Technology, the M.B.A. degree from the State University of New York, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He has worked for the Eastman Kodak Company, General Electric, and the Watervliet Arsenal. He presently teaches and does research at the State University of New York at Albany. His current research interests include strategic uses of information resources, multimedia approaches to learning and decision making, and creativity. Dr. Belardo has published in a number of journals, including Management Management Science, Journal of Management Information Systems, Decision Sciences. I nterfaces, and IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. He is a member of TIMSPeter DuchessiPeter Duchessi is Associate Professor of Management Science and Information Systems and Chairman of the Management Science and Information Systems Department, School of Business, State University of New York at Albany. His areas of expertise include internal and external business analyses, development and implementation of advanced decision support technologies such as decision support systems and expert systems, and total quality management. He has published in several journals including , Management Science, Interfaces, and the California Management Review.John R. ColemanJohn R. Coleman was educated in London, England, where he received the Diploma of Technology in printing and design. Mr. Coleman has over twenty-five years international experience in security printing. He holds the Swiss Federal Diploma of Commerce and has completed studies for the M.B.A. in Switzerland as well. Mr. Coleman is Managing Director of Orell Fussli Graphics Arts Lts. and Banknote Printing, Zurich.
Theoretical predictions for hot-carrier generation from surface plasmon decay (2014)

Decay of surface plasmons to hot carriers finds a wide variety of applications in energy conversion, photocatalysis and photodetection. However, a detailed theoretical description of plasmonic hot-carrier generation in real materials has remained incomplete. Here we report predictions for the prompt distributions of excited 'hot' electrons and holes generated by plasmon decay, before inelastic relaxation, using a quantized plasmon model with detailed electronic structure. We find that carrier energy distributions are sensitive to the electronic band structure of the metal: gold and copper produce holes hotter than electrons by 1-2 eV, while silver and aluminium distribute energies more equitably between electrons and holes. Momentum-direction distributions for hot carriers are anisotropic, dominated by the plasmon polarization for aluminium and by the crystal orientation for noble metals. We show that in thin metallic films intraband transitions can alter the carrier distributions, producing hotter electrons in gold, but interband transitions remain dominant.
A Stochastic Model of TCP Reno Congestion Avoidence and Control (1999)

The steady state performance of a bulk transfer TCP flow (i.e. a flow with a large amount of data to send, such as FTP transfers) may be characterized by three quantities. The first is the {\em send rate}, which is the amount of data sent by the sender in unit time. The second is the $throughput$, which is the amount of data received by the receiver in unit time. Note that the throughput will always be less than or equal to the send rate due to losses. Finally, the number of non-duplicate packets received by the receiver in unit time give us the $goodput$ of the connection. The goodput is always less than or equal to the throughput, since the receiver may receiver two copies of the same packet due to retransmissions by the sender. In [1] we presented a simple model for predicting the steady state send rate of a bulk transfer TCP flow as a function of loss rate and round trip time. In this paper, we extend that work in two ways. First, we analyze the performance of bulk transfer TCP flows using more precise, stochastic analysis. We show that the predictions of the approximate model in [1] closely match the predictions of the more precise model, thus validating the approximate model. Second, we build upon the analysis in [1] to provide both an approximate formula as well as a more accurate stochastic model for the steady state throughput of a bulk transfer TCP flow. References: [1] J. Padhye, V. Firoiu, D. Towsley and J. Kurose. Modeling TCP Throughput: A Simple Model and its Empirical Validation. In Proccedings of SIGCOMM''98
Passive Diffusion of Transdermal Glucose (2014)

The motivation for this study was to determine if a statistically significant correlation exists between blood glucose (BG) and transdermal glucose (TG) collected by passive diffusion. A positive outcome will indicate that noninvasive passive TG diffusion is a painless alternative to collecting blood through a break on the skin. Sampling involves placing a small volume of buffer solution on the surface of membrane or skin for 5 minutes. The sample is then assayed with fluorescent GBP. In vitro testing was done on regenerated cellulose and a porcine skin model to determine diffusion of standard glucose solutions. In vivo testing was done on a healthy subject and a subject with type 2 diabetes. Glucose diffused readily through the regenerated cellulose membrane with good correlation between surface and internal glucose concentrations (R <sup>2</sup> = .997). But the porcine skin model required a surface prewash to achieve the same good correlation R <sup>2</sup> = .943). Based on this, an optimum prewash step was determined for the in vivo studies. The resulting correlation coefficients between TG and BG after a 15-minute prewash in a healthy subject and type 2 subject were .87 and .93, respectively. Removal of the extraneous glucose in the skin by prewashing was an important step in achieving good correlation between TG and BG. The results suggest that passive collection of TG is a noninvasive alternative to current practice of breaking the skin. Further studies are under way to determine the lag time between TG and BG and for the sampling protocol to be more amenable to point-of-care application.
Stable Cyclic Carbenes and Related Species beyond Diaminocarbenes (2010)

The success of homogeneous catalysis can be attributed largely to the development of a diverse range of ligand frameworks that have been used to tune the behavior of various systems. Spectacular results in this area have been achieved using cyclic diaminocarbenes (NHCs) as a result of their strong σ-donor properties. Although it is possible to cursorily tune the structure of NHCs, any diversity is still far from matching their phosphorus-based counterparts, which is one of the great strengths of the latter. A variety of stable acyclic carbenes are known, but they are either reluctant to bind metals or they give rise to fragile metal complexes. During the last five years, new types of stable cyclic carbenes, as well as related carbon-based ligands (which are not NHCs), and which feature even stronger σ-donor properties have been developed. Their synthesis and characterization as well as the stability, electronic properties, coordination behavior, and catalytic activity of the ensuing complexes are discussed, and comparisons with their NHC cousins are made.
Blockade of the Growth Hormone (GH) Receptor Unmasks Rapid GH-Releasing Peptide-6-Mediated Tissue-Specific Insulin Resistance (2001)

The roles of GH and its receptor (GHR) in metabolic control are not yet fully understood. We studied the roles of GH and the GHR using the GHR antagonist pegvisomant for metabolic control of healthy nonobese men in fasting and nonfasting conditions. Ten healthy subjects were enrolled in a double blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of pegvisomant on GHRH and GH-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6)-induced GH secretion before and after 3 days of fasting and under nonfasting conditions (n = 5). Under the condition of GHR blockade by pegvisomant in the nonfasting state, GHRP-6 (1 μg/kg) caused a increase in serum insulin (10.3 ± 2.1 vs. 81.3 ± 25.4 mU/L; P < 0.001) and glucose (4.2 ± 0.3 vs. 6.0 ± 0.6 mmol/L; P < 0.05) concentrations. In this group, a rapid decrease in serum free fatty acids levels was also observed. These changes were not observed under GHR blockade during fasting or in the absence of pegvisomant. We conclude that although these results were obtained from an acute study, and long-term administration of pegvisomant could render different results, blockade of the GHR in the nonfasting state induces tissue-specific changes in insulin sensitivity, resulting in an increase in glucose and insulin levels (indicating insulin resistance of liver/muscle), but probably also in an increase in lipogenesis (indicating normal insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue). These GHRP-6-mediated changes indicate that low GH bioactivity on the tissue level can induce changes in metabolic control, which are characterized by an increase in fat mass and a decrease in lean body mass. As a mechanism of these GHRP-6-mediated metabolic changes in the nonfasting state, direct nonpituitary-mediated GHRP-6 effects on the gastroentero-hepatic axis seem probable.
AIR: A batch-oriented web program package for construction of supermatrices ready for phylogenomic analyses (2009)

The AIR program package allows for efficient creation of multigene alignments and better assessment of evolutionary rates in sequence alignments. Removing fast evolving sites with the AIR programs has been employed in several recent phylogenomic analyses resulting in improved phylogenetic resolution and increased statistical support for branching patterns among the early diverging eukaryotes.
Al/Si/AlGaAs/GaAs Schottky barriers by molecular beam epitaxy (1992)

We have grown Al/Si/AlGaAs/GaAs Schottky diode structures by molecular beam epitaxy utilizing thin Si (6 Å) and AlxGa1−xAs (1500 Å) interfacial layers with Al mole fractions of x=0, 0.15, and 0.30. The compositional dependence of the Schottky barrier height, as determined by I-V measurement, is equal to that of the conduction band discontinuity between AlGaAs and GaAs. The barrier heights as determined by C-V, however, show no compositional dependence. Since the C-V characteristics depend only on the difference in the conduction band discontinuities for the Si-AlGaAs and GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunctions, this suggests that the change in conduction band discontinuity due to Al mole fraction is the same for both heterojunctions for the range of x studied.
Comparison of RIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO classifications for assessing prognosis of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2017)

For those patients with ECMO support, the KDIGO classification proved to be a more reproducible evaluation tool with excellent prognostic abilities than RIFLE or AKIN classification.
[Successful operation of right ventricular cardiac fibroma in an infant]. (1993)

Cardiac tumors are rare in infants. We describe the diagnostic procedure and the good postoperative outcome despite the very large cardiac fibroma.
Ion Assisted Deposition of Crystalline TiNi Thin Films by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Enhanced Sputtering (1997)

Electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma enhanced sputtering with magnetic-mirror plasma confinement is characterized by low working pressures and large ion flux densities. TiNi thin films were deposited by this technique onto preheated Si (111) substrates. The crystal structure and composition of the films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, respectively. The substrate temperature T cr necessary for deposition of crystalline TiNi films was determined as a function of the ion-to-metal flux ratio j ion / j Ti+Ni and ion energy E i . T cr as low as 555 K was found for j ion / j Ti+Ni =3.9 and E i =150 eV. Substrate temperatures higher than T cr resulted in a textured crystal structure. Factors affecting the composition of the deposited thin films are also discussed.