gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deformation and Strength of a Pressure Vessel with Elliptical Cross Section (1968)

In the present paper, a pressure vessel with an elliptical cross section under uniform internal pressure is considered and the deformations and the stresses produced in it are discussed. As an eliptical cross section, it is conventional, in practice, to use a quasi-one connected by two circular-arcs. To obtain its exact solution the differential equation introduced by Dr. K. Mizoguchi is used and the analytical results are confirmed by the experimental ones obtained by H. Yamanaka and others. The results show that the deformations and the stresses in the vessel have very complicated features according to the forms of cross section and the lengths of shells. As pointed out by one of the authors in the previous paper, it is seen that it is not appropriate to use the energy method and the other approximate ones.
Scene cut detection and article extraction in news video based on clustering of DCT features (1998)

This paper proposes a method that automatically extracts individual articles from news videos. Each frame of the news video is compressed using the discrete cosine transform (DCT), and scene cuts are detected based on the DCT features obtained. The conventional method of cut detection is based on the difference between adjacent frames. Misdetection may occur when the intensity of a part or the whole of the image changes. This paper describes a solution to the above problem obtained by clustering the frames in the news video, based on the property that consecutive frames of the same scene are similar. The news video has a syntax structure in which it moves from the studio to the site and then returns to the studio. This structure is observed as a loop in the detected cut-point frame set. Consequently, the studio is recognized by detecting the loop and the article is extracted. An experiment was performed on 30 days of NHK news. A cut detection rate of 87.9% and an article extraction rate of 99.2% were obtained. An article extraction experiment was performed on ten days of three commercial TV channel programming, and the effectiveness was demonstrated. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 29(7): 50–56, 1998
THE ROLE OF AUXINS AND CYTOKININS IN THE RELEASE OF BUDS FROM DOMINANCE (1967)

The paper deals with the general problem of the physiological basis of branching, and the roles of known and unexplored factors in sensitivity to apical dominance. It is shown that when pea seedling shoots are completely or partially inhibited by other shoots on the same plant auxin can promote their elongation, even though it does not have this effect on inhibited buds. This influence of auxin is only exerted on internodal elongation and not on apical growth. When kinetin in a solution of alcohol and carbowax is applied directly to the lateral buds of pea seedlings, it releases them from inhibition by the growing apex. It is shown that the role of alcohol in this solution is to act as a surfactant, permitting good contact with the buds, while that of carbowax, being hygroscopic, is to maintain a thin film of solution over the buds. Buds thus released from apical dominance by kinetin do not elongate as much as do uninhibited control buds. Such kinetin‐treated buds can, however, be made to elongate normally by the application of auxin locally to their apices. It is concluded that growing shoots are relatively insensitive to correlative inhibition because they synthesize two types of growth substances, namely, auxin, which antagonizes the inhibitory effect on internodal elongation, and cytokinins, which permit the apex itself to develop. In the discussion it is brought out that many cases of branching, which appear at first to bear little relation to one another, can be understood on the basis of two principles, namely: (1) Any reduction in the growth rate of a dominant apex reduces its inhibitory effect on other apices, and (2) once an apex starts growing it becomes less sensitive to inhibition by other apices These generalizations and the experimental results are tentatively interpreted in terms of an interaction between the syntheses of auxin and of cytoldnin.
Adenosine kinase of sarcoma 180 cells N 6 -substituted adenosines as substrates and inhibitors. (1971)

Adenosine kinase (ATP:adenosine 59-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20) was partially purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography from Sarcoma 180 cells grown in vitro. This enzyme preparation, which was free of adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) but contained adenylate kinase (ATP:AMP phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.4.3), was studied with respect to its kinetic properties and specificity for substrates and inhibitors. At pH 7.0 and 35° the Km for adenosine was 0.5 µM and the Vmax was 63 mµmoles/mg of protein per minute. Strong substrate inhibition was observed at adenosine concentrations greater than 4 µM, 50% inhibition occurring at about 100 µM. The reaction required ATP (Km = 200 µM) and Mg++. The optimal Mg++ concentrations were 0.1 and 0.25 mM at 0.5 and 2.5 mM ATP, respectively. Concentrations of Mg++ higher than these were inhibitory, and Mn++ substituted poorly for Mg++. Most of the N6-substituted adenosine analogues which were substrates of adenosine kinase inhibited the growth of S-180 cells in vitro. Among these were two compounds which are also known to be potent cytokinins in plant systems, namely, N6-furfuryl- and N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenosine. The 59-monophosphate of the latter compound was not phosphorylated further by adenylate kinase. The N6-substituted adenosines which were poorly or not at all phosphorylated by adenosine kinase were also poor inhibitors of S-180 cells in vitro. Several of these were potent inhibitors of the kinase, such as N6-phenyladenosine, which had a Ki value of 0.6 µM.
On the digital signal processor based programmable real‐time reed‐solomon coding‐decoding system (1990)

Abstract A real‐time high‐speed Reed‐Solomon coding—decoding system has been built based on a low‐cost signal processor TMS 32010. By taking advantage of the TMS 320 16‐bit multiplier and barrel shifter, the evaluation of the sum‐of‐products expression over a prime field can be simplified. Decoding of a (256,228) code with powerful error correcting capability over GF(257) has been implemented in this system, and the information bit rate is at least twice that of the ISDN B‐channel basic rate.
High frequency stimulation induces sonic hedgehog release from hippocampal neurons (2017)

Sonic hedgehog (SHH) as a secreted protein is important for neuronal development in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanism about SHH release remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that SHH was expressed mainly in the synaptic vesicles of hippocampus in both young postnatal and adult rats. High, but not low, frequency stimulation, induces SHH release from the neurons. Moreover, removal of extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>, application of tetrodotoxin (TTX), an inhibitor of voltage-dependent sodium channels, or downregulation of soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) proteins, all blocked SHH release from the neurons in response to HFS. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism to control SHH release from the hippocampal neurons.
Progress in Renewable Polymers from Natural Terpenes, Terpenoids, and Rosin (2012)

The development of sustainable renewable polymers from natural resources has increasingly gained attention from scientists, engineers as well as the general public and government agencies. This review covers recent progress in the field of renewable bio-based monomers and polymers from natural resources: terpenes, terpenoids, and rosin, which are a class of hydrocarbon-rich biomass with abundance and low cost, holding much potential for utilization as organic feedstocks for green plastics and composites. This review details polymerization and copolymerization of terpenes such as pinene, limonene, and myrcene and their derivatives, terpenoids including carvone and menthol, and rosin-derived monomers. The future direction on the utilization of these natural resources is discussed.
Role of erythropoetin for angiogenesis and vasculogenesis: from embryonic development through adulthood (2005)

Erythropoietin (EPO), a stimulator of erythropoiesis, was previously shown to stimulate angiogenesis and proliferation of endothelial cells. Here, we investigated and compared the influence of EPO on cell number, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation of endothelial cells in intact mouse embryoid bodies (EB), isolated endothelial cells from EB (EBEC), and adult human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPC). EB were treated with EPO (0.5 U/ml) immediately after plating was completed (day 5+0) or 3 days later. EPO treatment was continued until days 5+3 or 5+6. Cultured EBEC were treated 3 days after being plated, and primary hEPC from young healthy adults were treated 5 days after being plated with EPO for 48 h. Immunohistochemistry was performed with anti-PECAM (CD31), anti-Ki67, anti-CD34, anti-CD133, anti-EphB4, and anti-ephrinB2 antibodies. In all, mouse EB and EBEC and hEPC, EPO-treatment resulted in increased number of endothelial cells, increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and enhanced migration. In EB, this EPO effect was most pronounced when treatment was begun early (day 5+0) and was accompanied by an enhanced endothelial tube formation. In EBEC and hEPC, EPO shifted the phenotypic differentiation toward an increased ratio of EphB4-positive cells, i.e., toward a venous phenotype. These results are consistent with an important role of EPO for the number, proliferation, apoptosis, function, and phenotypical development of immature endothelial cells, which persists from early development through adulthood. They provide additional and further evidence for a strong interrelation between hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis/angiogenesis (sharing the same pathways), which may be important in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Phosphate binders in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of recent data (2016)

Hyperphosphatemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is treated by dietary measures, dialysis techniques and/or phosphate binders. For the present review PubMed was searched for new publications on phosphate binders appearing between January 2010 and October 2015. This review summarizes the latest information on non-pharmacological measures and their problems in lowering phosphate in CKD patients, effects of phosphate binders on morbidity and mortality, adherence to phosphate binder therapy as well as new information on specific aspects of the various phosphate binders on the market: calcium acetate, calcium carbonate, magnesium-containing phosphate binders, polymeric phosphate binders (sevelamer, bixalomer, colestilan), lanthanum carbonate, ferric citrate, sucroferric oxyhydroxide, aluminum-containing phosphate binders, and new compounds in development. The review also briefly covers the emerging field of drugs targeting intestinal phosphate transporters.
Superior electromagnetic interference shielding 3D graphene nanoplatelets/reduced graphene oxide foam/epoxy nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity (2019)

A 3D graphene nanoplatelets/reduced graphene oxide foam/epoxy nanocomposite exhibits superior electromagnetic interference shielding and excellent thermal conductivity.
Reduction of acylguanidines to alkylguanidines with lithium aluminum hydride (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of acylguanidines to alkylguanidines with lithium aluminum hydrideJay F. Stearns and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 22, 3608–3614Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00442a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00442a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views420Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Mass‐Temperature Relation of 22 Nearby Clusters (2001)

We present a new investigation of the mass-temperature (\MTrelation) relation of 22 nearby clusters based on the analysis of their ROSAT X-ray surface brightness profiles ($S_{X}(r)$) and their ASCA emission weighted temperatures. Two methods of the cluster mass estimations are employed and their results are compared: (1) the conventional $\beta$ model for gas distribution along with the isothermal and hydrostatic equilibrium assumptions, and (2) the NFW profile for dark matter distribution whose characteristic density and length are determined by the observed $S_{X}(r)$. These two models yield essentially the same goodness of fits for $S_{X}(r)$ and the similar \MTrelation relations, with the latter demonstrating a significant departure from the simple gravitational scaling of $M_{tot}\propto T_X^{3/2}$. It is also shown that the best-fit \MTrelation relations could be reconciled with the theoretical expectation if the low-temperature clusters ($T_X<3.5$ keV) are excluded from the list, which lends support to the scenario that the intra-cluster medium is preheated in the early phase of cluster formation. Together with the entropy-temperature distribution, the existence of a similarity break at $T_X=3-4$ keV in the dynamical scaling relations for galaxy clusters has been confirmed.
Sparse and composite coherent lattices (2005)

A method is described that yields a series of $(D+1)$-element wave-vector sets giving rise to ($D=2$ or 3)-dimensional coherent sparse lattices of any desired Bravais symmetry and primitive cell shape, but of increasing period relative to the excitation wavelength. By applying lattice symmetry operations to any of these sets, composite lattices of $N>D+1$ waves are constructed, having increased spatial frequency content but unchanged crystal group symmetry and periodicity. Optical lattices of widely spaced excitation maxima of diffraction-limited confinement and controllable polarization can thereby be created, possibly useful for quantum optics, lithography, or multifocal microscopy.
FLIRT - Interest regions for 2D range data (2010)

Local image features are used for a wide range of applications in computer vision and range imaging. While there is a great variety of detector-descriptor combinations for image data and 3D point clouds, there is no general method readily available for 2D range data. For this reason, the paper first proposes a set of benchmark experiments on detector repeatability and descriptor matching performance using known indoor and outdoor data sets for robot navigation. Secondly, the paper introduces FLIRT that stands for Fast Laser Interest Region Transform, a multi-scale interest region operator for 2D range data. FLIRT combines the best detector with the best descriptor, experimentally found in a comprehensive analysis of alternative detector and descriptor approaches. The analysis yields repeatability and matching performance results similar to the values found for features in the computer vision literature, encouraging a wide range of applications of FLIRT on 2D range data. We finally show how FLIRT can be used in conjunction with RANSAC to address the loop closing/global localization problem in SLAM in indoor as well as outdoor environments. The results demonstrate that FLIRT features have a great potential for robot navigation in terms of precision-recall performance, efficiency and generality.
Maxillary nerve block--a new approach using a computer-controlled anesthetic delivery system for maxillary sinus elevation procedure. A prospective study. (2004)

The Wand appears to offer a number of advantages over the hand-held syringe when the greater palatine block technique for the maxillary nerve block is used. It is suggested that, when indicated, and with the required knowledge and respect for the associated anatomy, this technique should be considered with greater ease and more confidence.
Lymphocyte–hepatic stellate cell proximity suggests a direct interaction (2007)

Recent functional research studies suggest an anti-fibrotic role for natural killer (NK) cells coupled with a profibrotic role for CD8 cells. However, the morphological cellular interplay between the different cell types is less clear. To investigate lymphocyte/hepatic stellate cell (HSC) interactions, hepatic fibrosis was induced by administering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 4 weeks in C57Bl/6 mice. Animals were killed at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Liver sections were stained for Sirius red. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate alpha smooth-muscle actin (alphaSMA) and lymphocyte subsets in liver sections. At weeks 0 and 4, liver protein extracts were assessed for alphaSMA by Western blotting and isolated liver lymphocytes as well as HSC were analysed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). Similar to the results obtained from classical Sirius red staining and alphaSMA blotting, analysis of liver sections by confocal microscopy revealed a marked and continuous accumulation of alphaSMA staining along sequential experimental check-points after administering CCl4. Although the number of all liver lymphocyte subsets increased following fibrosis induction, FACS analysis revealed an increase in the distribution of liver CD8 subsets and a decrease of CD4 T cells. Confocal microscopy showed a significant early appearance of CD8 and NK cells, and to a lesser extent CD4 T cells, appearing only from week 2. Lymphocytes were seen in proximity only to HSC, mainly in the periportal area and along fibrotic septa, suggesting a direct interaction. Notably, lymphocyte subsets were undetectable in naive liver sections. Freshly isolated HCS show high expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD11c. In the animal model of hepatic fibrosis, lymphocytes infiltrate into the liver parenchyma and it is thought that they attach directly to activated HSC. Because HSCs express CD11c/class II molecules, interactions involving them might reflect that HSCs have an antigen-presenting capacity.
Graphic Method for Analyzing Common Path Interferometers (1998)

Common path interferometers are widely used for visualizing phase disturbances and fluid flows. They are attractive because of the inherent simplicity and robustness in the setup. A graphic method will be presented for analyzing and optimizing filter parameters in common path interferometers.
The Extraction of Uranium from Phosphate Solutions (1956)

Abstract: "A process for the extraction and depoisoning of uranium in strong phosphoric acid solution with tributyl phostphate (TBP) is described. The formation of a complex between uranyl and phosphate ions necessities the use of a salting agent which is capable of destroying this complex and releasing the uranyl ion into an organic extractable species. Of various salting agents tried, ferric nitrate was the most successful. It not only provides nitrate ion for the formation of uranyl nitrate but also forms a very stable ferric-phosphate complex, thus completely tying up the phosphate ion when added in equi-molar quantities. Stripping of the enriched solvent is accomplished with phosphoric acid."
Successful diffusible brachytherapy (dBT) of a progressive low-grade astrocytoma using the locally injected peptidic vector and somatostatin analogue [90Y] - DOTA 0-D-Phe 1-Tyr 3-octreotide (DOTATOC) (2001)

We present the therapeutic effect of diffusible brachytherapy (dBT), an innovative approach for the management of symptomatic low grade gliomas [1]. This protocol uses a radiolabelled small diffusible peptidic vector which is a somatostatin analogue to target somatostatin type 2 (sst-2) receptors. The stable radioconjugate [90Y]-DOTA0-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC) is repeatedly injected via catheters placed into the resection cavity or into tumour nodules. We report on the four year follow-up after initiation of dBT to treat progressive disease in a patient with a complex eleven year history of fibrillary low-grade astrocytoma. The radiopharmakon was not only locally injected into the resection cavity following debulking surgery, but also administered by slow infusion technique to target recurrent and infiltrative tumour zones in the subventricular region around the inferior and posterior horns. In conclusion, peptidic vector based dBT was found to be safe, of mild and transitory toxicity, and effective in long-term tumour control.
Ring and side chain reactivities of 1-([1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzotriazoles (2001)

Oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzotriazoles 10a-d and 1-([1,2,4]triazol-3-ylmethyl)-1Hbenzotriazoles 15a,b are synthesized and used for side chain elaboration.
Coincidence-site lattices and complete pattern-shift in cubic crystals (1974)

Two interpenetrating point lattices contain under certain conditions a common sublattice, i.e. a 'coincidence-site lattice' (CSL). The present study is restricted to cubic lattices [primitive cubic (p.c.), f.c.c. and b.c.c.]. It is shown that it is necessary for the existence of a CSL that the two lattices are related by a rotation R represented by a rational matrix in the cubic coordinate system of one of the lattices. It is further shown that the common denominator N in R is equal to the ratio Σ of the unit volume of the CSL referred to the unit volume of the crystal lattice. The 'complete pattern-shift lattice' (DSCL) is defined as the coarsest lattice which, in CSL orientation, contains both crystal lattices as sublattices. Further it is proved that the volume of the DSCL unit referred to the crystal unit is 1/Σ and that for the p.c. structure the CSL and the DSCL are reciprocal lattices. For both f.c.c. and b.c.c. the CSL and the DSCL have to be face-centred or body-centred respectively. Methods are described for all three cases to determine explicitly the CSL, the DSCL and the planar density of coincidence sites. A table is given for R, the CSL's and the DSCL's up to Σ = 49. This study is of importance for the investigation of grain boundaries in cubic crystals.
Magnetic resonance imaging with ultrashort TE (UTE) PULSE sequences: Technical considerations (2007)

It is now possible to detect signals from tissues and tissue components with short T(2)s, such as cortical bone, using ultrashort TE (UTE) pulse sequences. The background to the use of these sequences is reviewed with particular emphasis on MR system issues. Tissue properties are discussed, and tissues are divided into those with a majority and those with a minority of short T(2) components. UTE pulse sequences and their variants are described and clinical applications are illustrated. System design requirements for sequences of this type, including gradient performance, RF switching, and data-processing issues, are outlined.
Variational method for coplanar waveguide with anisotropic substrates (1987)

Lower- and Upper- bound stationary expressions are derived for the line capacitance of the general structure of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with layered anisotropic media for the first time. Numerical examples show the efficiency of the method, and how the margins of error can be contained within a very small range by the lowerand upper-bound calculations.