gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ammonium on Growth, Metabolism, and Productivity of a Continuous Suspension Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Culture (1994)

A recombinant DNA Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line which produces tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) was cultivated continuously in suspension with a constant dilution rate of 0.5 day-1. The cultivation consisted of four phases with four different ammonium chloride concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mM) in the feed medium, causing a reactor ammonium concentration of up to 8 mM. Cell growth was not inhibited by these high ammonium concentrations, as cell densities of around 2.3 x 10(6) cells mL-1 were established. In contrast, the production of t-PA was reduced under high ammonium concentration. The decrease in specific t-PA production could be due to either a negative ammonium influence on productivity or a limitation of medium components, e.g., amino acids. Cell metabolism was changed under high ammonium concentrations, seen most clearly by a decrease in specific ammonium production by a factor of 8 and an increase in specific alanine production of 30%.
Neuroprotective Actions of Dipyridamole on Cultured CNS Neurons (1998)

We report that dipyridamole is neuroprotective for a variety of rat embryonic CNS neurons cultured in serum-free basal medium lacking trophic factors or other additives. We also describe the mechanism underlying this action. Neurons died rapidly in basal medium but were rescued in large measure by 10 microM dipyridamole. The protective action of dipyridamole seems to be attributable to its antioxidant property. Vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine provided comparable neuroprotection in basal medium, whereas an array of compounds that mimic other actions of dipyridamole (inhibition of phosphodiesterases, blockade of nucleoside and chloride transport, interference with the multidrug resistance protein, and enhancement of prostacyclin synthesis) failed to promote survival. Thus, a major cause of neuronal death in this system seems to be oxidative stress that is relieved by dipyridamole. Iron plays a significant role in generation of such stress, as indicated by the observations that addition of apotransferrin or iron chelators to basal medium or use of iron-free medium also afforded protection. Although oxidative stress was a major determinant of neuronal death, it was not the only factor. Dipyridamole or other antioxidant measures did not provide sustained neuroprotection. However, provision of insulin, which was not protective alone in basal medium, along with dipyridamole significantly enhanced long-term neuronal survival. Hence, optimal protection requires both trophic support and relief from oxidative stress. These findings lend credence to the potential use of dipyridamole or its derivatives in prevention and/or treatment of CNS injuries and degenerative disorders in which oxidative stress is a significant component.
LR parsers for natural languages (1984)

MLR, an extended LR parser, is introduced, and its application to natural language parsing is discussed. An LR parser is a shift-reduce parser which is deterministically guided by a parsing table. A parsing table can be obtained automatically from a context-free phrase structure grammar. LR parsers cannot manage ambiguous grammars such as natural language grammars, because their parsing tables would have multiply-defined entries, which precludes deterministic parsing. MLR, however, can handle multiply-defined entries, using a dynamic programming method. When an input sentence is ambiguous, the MLR parser produces all possible parse trees without parsing any part of the input sentence more than once in the same way, despite the fact that the parser does not maintain a chart as in chart parsing. Our method also provides an elegant solution to the problem of multi-part-of-speech words such as "that". The MLR parser and its parsing table generator have been implemented at Carnegie-Mellon University.
Embedded Flexible Hybrid Electronics for the Internet of Things (2015)

The Internet of Things (IoT) “things” are often times described as active or smart devices and objects augmented with sensing, processing, and network capabilities. These smart objects are in the heart of the IoT concept but they alone cannot realize the full potential of IoT. The most ubiquitous objects in the IoT ecosystem, those that reside at the lowest system level and interact with the higher-level smart object, are based on the passive RFID technology. In the form of wireless passive sensors these objects are found in smart packaging, they form the backbone of the structural health monitoring systems, they provide non-invasive and continuous monitoring of physiological parameters, etc. RFID capability is already added to everyday items in the physical form of adhesive “smart” labels, enabling them to become “citizens” of the IoT ecosystem, but this “add-on“ approach increases the implementation cost and oftentimes impacts negatively the host item's form factor and appearance. It also does very little in terms of security and counterfeit prevention. On the other hand, the key economic factor that drives the deployment of the IoT is the cost at the end points. Therefore, the future of the IoT depends on developing an ultra-low-cost technology solution that can mass-produce low cost, RFID-enabled IoT objects on flexible substrates, ready for integration into everyday items. In some cases, such as in intelligent packaging, these objects will be non-obstructive and seamlessly integrated in their hosts. This integration will minimize the cost of implementation and will provide an insurmountable barrier to counterfeiters as they will need access to sophisticated and capital-intensive technologies in order to be able to alter or replicate the product's embedded configuration. Presented are two disruptive processes for packaging of ultrathin flexible hybrid electronic systems with ICs as thin as 15–20 μm and as small as 250 μm per side. The first generation technology is a modification of the conventional pick-and-place technique and has been already demonstrated on a commercial-grade roll-to-roll assembly line with packaging rates exceeding 10,000 cph. The second generation technology uses a laser beam to scan and transfer ultrathin, ultra-small ICs for high-precision assembly onto various flexible and rigid substrates. It provides packaging rates significantly exceeding those of the conventional pick-and-place equipment. Reported are also results from integrating the resulting ultrathin flexible hybrid electronic devices into thin materials such as paper and plastics.
Skin changes with aging and disease (1996)

Skin undergoes numerous macroscopic changes during the aging process. These alterations in the skin result from both intrinsic changes to the cells and connective tissue of the skin that are inherent with the chronologic aging of the individual and changes as a result of environmental insults to the organ, particularly ultraviolet irradiation. The combination of these factors produces a tissue which possesses quite different attributes compared with the skin of a young individual and which may result in characteristic lesions, both malignant and benign. Understanding these changes and the underlying mechanisms for them will help to treat older individuals in whom specific lesions develop as well as help to prevent the occurrence of these pathologic conditions.
71‐3: Organic photolithography for displays with integrated fingerprint scanner (2019)

Patterning organic materials by photolithography enables not only high‐resolution, side‐by‐side RGB OLED arrays, but also the introduction of organic photodetector in the same frontplane. We show patterned active matrix displays processed on flexible backplane. Furthermore, we demonstrate OPD patterning proof‐of‐concept. These are the building blocks allowing in‐cell optical fingerprint sensor.
Intravitreal Disappearance Rates of Four Perfluorocarbon Gases (1984)

The disappearance rates of bubbles from the vitreous of rabbits were measured for four perfluorocarbon gases. The decay rate for each was found to be exponential and thus independent of the volume injected. Clinical observations indicated that the disappearance of the perfluorocarbon gases in patients also follows exponential decay, but that the half-lives are three to five times longer than in rabbits.
Estimation algorithm of tapping movement by NIRS (2006)

In recent years, study of brain computer interface (BCI) is conducted actively and many researches of implementation using electro encephalic gram (EEG) are reported. On the other hand, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is noninvasive measurements, but there are many problems remaining unsolved and little is reported about the actual procedures or implementation examples when applying NIRS to realize BCI. We propose a method to quantitatively estimate start and end timing of movement by using a neural network. We measured regional cerebral blood flow during tapping movement of the right hand by NIRS. The following tendencies of total-Hb were observed. Hb increased within 10 s from the movement start time, decreased within 10 s from the movement end time. In this paper, the estimation method showed the possibility of applications to the ON/OFF control of BCI
Failure modes in surface micromachined microelectromechanical actuators (1998)

In order for the rapidly emerging field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to meet its extraordinary expectations with regard to commercial impact, issues pertaining to failure must be understood. We identify failure modes common to a broad range of MEMS actuators, including adhesion (stiction) and friction-induced failures caused by improper operational methods, mechanical instabilities, and electrical instabilities. Demonstrated methods to mitigate these failure modes include implementation of optimized designs, model-based operational methods, and chemical surface treatments.
Effect of buffer-layer engineering on the polarity of GaN films (2002)

A combination of coaxial impact ion scattering spectroscopy (CAICISS) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) was used to evaluate GaN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The polarity of the surface and the bulk of the buffer layers and high temperature layers could be evaluated with CAICISS and XTEM, respectively. Several buffer layers were grown and annealed at various temperatures on nitrided sapphire substrates prior to deposition of the high temperature (HT) layer. Most of the surfaces of the as-deposited buffer layers were found to have Ga (0001) (+c) polarity. However, after annealing, the N (0001̄) (−c) polarity was exposed due to evaporation of the film. This resulted in HT layers containing columnar and dome-shaped inversion domain with N (0001̄) (−c) polarity. The ratio of +c to −c polarity on the surface of the buffer layers was found by CAICISS to vary with the annealing time. It was found that the polarity of HT GaN films and the buffer layers was consistent using both CAICISS and XTEM.
Clostridium histolyticum collagenase: development of new thio ester, fluorogenic, and depsipeptide substrates and new inhibitors (1985)

A new series of thio ester, depsipeptide, and peptide substrates have been synthesized for the bacterial enzyme Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. The hydrolysis of the depsipeptide substrate was followed on a pH stat, and thio ester hydrolysis was measured by inclusion of the chromogenic thiol reagent 4,4'-dithiopyridine in the assay mixture. The best thio ester substrate, Boc-Abz-Gly-Pro-Leu-SCH2CO-Pro-Nba, had a kcat/KM of 63 000 M-1 s-1, while several shorter thio ester sequences were inactive as substrates. In general, the peptide analogues of all the reactive thio ester substrates were shown to be hydrolyzed 5-10 times faster by collagenase. In one case (Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-NH2) where a comparison was made, the peptide substrate was respectively 8- and 106-fold more readily hydrolyzed than the corresponding thio ester and ester substrates. Cleavages of the two fluorescence-quench substrates Abz-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Nba and Abz-Gly-Pro-Leu-SCH2CO-Pro-Nba could be easily followed fluorogenically since a 5-10-fold increase in fluorescence occurred upon hydrolysis. The fluorescent peptide substrate is the best synthetic substrate known for C. histolyticum collagenase with a kcat/KM value of 490 000 M-1 s-1. A series of new reversible inhibitors were developed by the attachment of zinc ligating groups (hydroxamic acid, carboxymethyl, and thiol) to various peptide sequences specific for C. histolyticum collagenase. The shorter peptides designed to bind to either the P3-P1 or P1'-P3' subsites were poor to moderate inhibitors. The thiol HSCH2CH2CO-Pro-Nba had the lowest K1 (0.02 mM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mechanisms Driving Macrophage Diversity and Specialization in Distinct Tumor Microenvironments and Parallelisms with Other Tissues (2014)

Macrophages are extremely versatile cells that adopt a distinct phenotype in response to a changing microenvironment. Consequently, macrophages are involved in diverse functions, ranging from organogenesis and tissue homeostasis to recognition and destruction of invading pathogens. In cancer, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) often contribute to tumor progression by increasing cancer cell migration and invasiveness, stimulating angiogenesis, and suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Accumulating evidence suggests that these different functions could be exerted by specialized TAM subpopulations. Here, we discuss the potential underlying mechanisms regulating TAM specialization and elaborate on TAM heterogeneity in terms of their ontogeny, activation state, and intra-tumoral localization. In addition, parallels are drawn between TAM and macrophages in other tissues. Together, a better understanding of TAM diversity could provide a rationale for novel strategies aimed at targeting the most potent tumor-supporting macrophages.
Distortion characteristics of optical directional coupler modulators (1990)

A theoretical analysis is made of the nonlinearities of the intensity modulation response of the optical directional coupler, as a function of bias point for the case of phase-mismatch modulation, and the results are compared with those of interferometric modulators. The interferometric, standard 2*2 directional coupler and the 1*2 y-fed directional coupler modulators are shown to exhibit very similar intermodulation distortion effects. At 4% optical modulation depth, the third-order intermodulation products are -74 dB, -72 dB, and -73.6 dB respectively, below the carrier level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
WebEnclave: Protect Web Secrets From Browser Extensions With Software Enclave (2021)

Browser extensions are widely used nowadays to customize users’ browsers with more functionalities, meanwhile introduce potential risks due to escalated privileges. Existing security mechanisms, such as Same Origin Policy and Content Security Policy, do not apply to browser extensions that can read and write on web applications at any time. In spite of the state-of-the-art industrial efforts that rely on centralized management to inspect and detect malicious behaviors massively, the detection-based method cannot analyze fast-evolving behaviors of malicious browser extensions. To this end, we adopt a novel approach to protect users from malicious browser extensions, where we consider the problem of malicious extensions on the side of web applications. From a high level point of view, web developers are allowed to specify sensitive parts in a web application by using our provided software enclave. With our proposed WebEnclave extension installed, when users visit a web application, sensitive information required for the web application to work normally is sealed into an isolated world locally that malicious extensions cannot access. Extensive evaluation of our built prototype shows it can effectively protect user secrets from malicious extensions with negligible performance overhead and usability inconvenience. We also publish source codes for public use.
Topographic study of arrestin using differential chemical modifications and hydrogen/deuterium exchange (1994)

Arrestin is involved in the quenching of phototransduction by binding to photoactivated and phosphorylated rhodopsin (P-Rho*). To study its conformational changes and regions interacting with P-Rho*, arrestin was subjected to (1) differential acetylation at lysine residues in the presence and absence of P-Rho*, and (2) amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange. Labeled protein was proteolysed and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Three Lys residues, 28, 176, and 211, were protected from acetylation in native arrestin, although they were not located in regions exhibiting slow amide hydrogen exchange rates. The presence of P-Rho* protected lysine 201 from acetylation and partially protected 14 other lysyl residues, including (2, 5), (163, 166, 167), (232, 235, 236, 238), (267, 276), (298, 300), and 367, where parentheses indicate lysine residues found within the same peptide. In contrast, in the C-terminal region of arrestin, lysyl residues (386, 392, 395) were more exposed upon binding to P-Rho*. These data allowed us to identify functional regions in the arrestin molecule.
ALnalyse of System Factors Affecting Performance in Lean NOx Catalysis. 2. The Deleterious Role of Parasitic Homogeneous Hydrocarbon Oxidation on the Performance of High Temperature Lean NOx Catalysts (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Increasing interest in lean NOx catalysis at temperatures between about 300-550°C has led to development of catalytic materials with thermal durability considerably improved over academic benchmark catalysts such as Cu-ZSM-5. The breaching of thermal durability barriers brings new obstacles into focus. Practical implementation of high temperature HC-based lean NOx catalysis entails delivery of hydrocarbons to the catalyst inlet at high temperatures. We have found initially unexpected, but scientifically precedented, phenomena regarding gas-phase kinetic instability of hydrocarbons in diesel exhaust atmospheres above 300°C. Around 300°C, homogeneous hydrocarbon oxidation can begin to occur. Rates of oxidation <i>decrease</i> between about 350-450°C and then increase again at higher temperatures. Some apparent NOx disappearance that does not correspond to chemical reduction of NOx can also occur homogeneously throughout this temperature range. An analysis of our results, in the context of what is known about hydrocarbon oxidation reaction pathways, yields new constraints on the design of systems that sustain HC-based lean NOx catalysis at temperatures greater than 300°C. These constraints tend to increase fuel economy penalties. Implications for systems design that require either in-cylinder or in-exhaust hydrocarbon supplementation are briefly considered.</div>
Development of Supported Iron Oxide Catalyst for Destruction of PCDD/F (2003)

Studies on the development of supported iron oxide catalysts for PCDD/F decomposition using 2-monochlorophenol as a surrogate test compound are presented. Iron oxide catalysts supported on titania were prepared by two methods: impregnation and the sol-gel method. The latter preparation method resulted in better dispersion of iron oxide on the surface and the formation of gamma-Fe2O3. This is in contrast to the impregnated samples where alpha-Fe2O3 crystallites were formed. Formation of gamma-Fe2O3 resulted in improved reducibility of the active phase that favorably affected the catalytic oxidation properties of the catalyst, i.e., the light-off curves for the sol-gel samples were shifted toward lower temperature. Addition of calcium oxide to iron oxide catalyst further improved the performance of the system through stabilization and increase in the concentration of gamma-Fe2O3 in the sol-gel prepared samples. Addition of calcium oxide has a dual effect on the performance of the catalyst. First, it creates oxygen vacancies in the reduction-resistant Fe2O3 octahedral structures, thereby improving the reducibility of the active phase. Second, iron oxide can transform during decomposition of chlorinated hydrocarbons into iron chloride. Calcium oxide improved the chlorine transfer from the surface iron oxide species, thereby providing a relatively fresh surface for further catalytic oxidation. Comparison of TPR profiles with the position of light-off curves in 2-monochlorophenol decomposition led to the conclusion that Fe3O4 species are the active phase under conditions that facilitate redox cycling between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions.
The importance of contour on full coverage restorations. (1992)

Clinical and laboratory procedures used to correct or compensate for contour changes involving teeth, soft tissues, or bone are described, with an emphasis on the need for restorative contours that promote oral hygiene maintenance. The contour of full-coverage ceramic restorations also affects the final aesthetics and tissue response.
[The pharmacodynamics of vecuronium on the musculature of the vocal cords and the ball of the thumb. Preliminary report]. (1986)

During endolaryngeal microsurgery, an attempt was made to quantify laryngeal muscle relaxation by electromyographic recording of evoked responses from the vocal cord musculature in 5 patients. Both mechanographic and electromyographic recordings from the adductor pollicis were obtained simultaneously. Following a bolus dose of vecuronium (60 micrograms/kg, n = 3, and 100 micrograms/kg, n = 2), nearly total (97%-100%) suppression of evoked responses at the peripheral muscle site was observed; the vocal cords, however, did not show complete neuromuscular (nm) blockade, but rather varying degrees of nm depression ranging from 61%-92%. The present results clearly show that quantitative information as to duration and degree of neuromuscular depression in the vocal musculature may be obtained by electromyographic recordings of evoked potentials in the clinical setting; it is impossible however, to quantitatively estimate the extent of intrinsic laryngeal muscle relaxation from peripheral nm depression. The pharmacodynamic differences observed might be due to the varying acetylcholine receptor density of the muscle groups studied.
Direct prediction of linear free energy substituent effects from 3D structures using comparative molecular field analysis. 1. Electronic effects of substituted benzoic acids (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect prediction of linear free energy substituent effects from 3D structures using comparative molecular field analysis. 1. Electronic effects of substituted benzoic acidsKi H. Kim and Yvonne C. MartinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 8, 2723–2729Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00008a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00008a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts