gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gel-Content Determination of Polymers Using Thermal Field-Flow Fractionation (1993)

The object of this study is to investigate the applicability of thermal field-flow fractionation (ThFFF) for characterization of gel-containing polymers. ThFFF was used to monitor the effect of electron beam (EB) treatment on high molecular weight poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples. A trend of polymer degradation was clearly observed; as the dose of electron beam increases, a low molecular weight shoulder grows and the average molecular weight decreases. No sign of polymer cross-linking was observed within the range of the electron beam intensity of up to 10 Mrad. ThFFF was also used to determine the difference between two acrylate elastomers which were manufactured by the same procedure but show different mechanical properties. A study using SEC, SEC-Viscometry, and SEC-Light scattering photometry found no significant differences in molecular weight and in degree of branching. ThFFF channel is open (not packed) and a sample can be injected without filtration. Gel content of a sample was determined by subtracting the peak area of filtered sample from that of unfiltered one. ThFFF result shows significant difference in gel content between two samples, 17 to 7 %.
Insulin, insulin analogues and diabetic retinopathy (2008)

Insulin is absolutely vital for living beings. It is not only involved in metabolism, but also in the regulation of growth factors, e.g. IGF-1. In this review we address the role insulin has in the natural evolution of diabetic retinopathy. On the one hand, chronic deficiency of insulin and IGF-1 at the retina is thought to cause capillary degeneration, with subsequent ischaemia. On the other hand, acute abundance of (exogenously administered) insulin and IGF-1 enhances ischaemia-induced VEGF expression. A critical ratio of tissue VEGF-susceptibility: VEGF-availability triggers vascular proliferation (i.e. of micro-aneurysms and/or abnormal vessels). The patent-protected insulin analogues Lispro, Glulisine, Aspart, Glargine and Detemir are artificial insulin derivatives with altered biological responses compared to natural insulin (e.g. divergent insulin and /or IGF-1 receptor-binding characteristics, signalling patterns, and mitogenicity). Their safety profiles concerning diabetic retinopathy remain to be established by randomised controlled trials. Anecdotal reports and circumstantial evidence suggest that Lispro and Glargine might worsen diabetic retinopathy.
Non-contact electrical characterization of low-resistivity <i>p</i>-type ZnSe:N grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1991)

The resistivity of p-type ZnSe:N/GaAs heteroepitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy using a nitrogen free-radical source has been determined as a function of both substrate temperature and the Zn-to-Se beam equivalent pressure (BEP) ratio employed during growth. Layer resistivities were determined using a noncontact inductive-coupling radio-frequency measurement technique that provided sheet conductivity data from which layer resistivities were calculated. A minimum resistivity of 0.75 Ω cm has been measured to date for p-type ZnSe:N material grown at 235 °C with a BEP ratio of 1:2. Such a resistivity would imply a free-hole density in the range 4×1017−8×1017 cm−3 assuming the hole mobility to be in the range 20−10 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
Ultra-Wideband Aperture Array Element Design for Low Frequency Radio Astronomy (2011)

21st century Radio Astronomy at frequencies below 1 GHz will be dominated by arrays of thousands or millions of elements in configurations which are dense or sparse, regular or random, delivering data to powerful digital back-ends. High performance, specified by parameters such as the effective aperture and system noise temperature, will be crucial to achieve the ambitious survey speeds and sensitivities demanded by astronomers. In this paper we analyze the different trade-offs and difficulties in the design of ultra-wideband array antenna elements for these radio telescopes at frequencies below 500 MHz. Bandwidths of 7:1 are desired while using low-profile elements to keep the overall cost within the budget.
Fusion of Visible and Thermal Descriptors Using Genetic Algorithms for Face Recognition Systems (2015)

The aim of this article is to present a new face recognition system based on the fusion of visible and thermal features obtained from the most current local matching descriptors by maximizing face recognition rates through the use of genetic algorithms. The article considers a comparison of the performance of the proposed fusion methodology against five current face recognition methods and classic fusion techniques used commonly in the literature. These were selected by considering their performance in face recognition. The five local matching methods and the proposed fusion methodology are evaluated using the standard visible/thermal database, the Equinox database, along with a new database, the PUCV-VTF, designed for visible-thermal studies in face recognition and described for the first time in this work. The latter is created considering visible and thermal image sensors with different real-world conditions, such as variations in illumination, facial expression, pose, occlusion, etc. The main conclusions of this article are that two variants of the proposed fusion methodology surpass current face recognition methods and the classic fusion techniques reported in the literature, attaining recognition rates of over 97% and 99% for the Equinox and PUCV-VTF databases, respectively. The fusion methodology is very robust to illumination and expression changes, as it combines thermal and visible information efficiently by using genetic algorithms, thus allowing it to choose optimal face areas where one spectrum is more representative than the other.
Regional Climate–Weather Research and Forecasting Model (2012)

The CWRF is developed as a climate extension of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) by incorporating numerous improvements in the representation of physical processes and integration of external (top, surface, lateral) forcings that are crucial to climate scales, including interactions between land, atmosphere, and ocean; convection and microphysics; and cloud, aerosol, and radiation; and system consistency throughout all process modules. This extension inherits all WRF functionalities for numerical weather prediction while enhancing the capability for climate modeling. As such, CWRF can be applied seamlessly to weather forecast and climate prediction. The CWRF is built with a comprehensive ensemble of alternative parameterization schemes for each of the key physical processes, including surface (land, ocean), planetary boundary layer, cumulus (deep, shallow), microphysics, cloud, aerosol, and radiation, and their interactions. This facilitates the use of an optimized physics ensemble approach to improve weather or climate prediction along with a reliable uncertainty estimate. The CWRF also emphasizes the societal service capability to provide impactrelevant information by coupling with detailed models of terrestrial hydrology, coastal ocean, crop growth, air quality, and a recently expanded interactive water quality and ecosystem model. This study provides a general CWRF description and basic skill evaluation based on a continuous integration for the period 1979– 2009 as compared with that of WRF, using a 30-km grid spacing over a domain that includes the contiguous United States plus southern Canada and northern Mexico. In addition to advantages of greater application capability, CWRF improves performance in radiation and terrestrial hydrology over WRF and other regional models. Precipitation simulation, however, remains a challenge for all of the tested models.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Clostridial Collagenase (2015)

These results support a hypothesis that debridement with CCO is associated with decreased inflammation and greater progress toward healing.
Role of Glycine 212 in the Allosteric Behavior of Phosphofructokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (1995)

Crystallographic studies indicate that the loop between alpha-helix 8 and beta-strand H (the 8H loop) which borders the effector site of Bacillus stearothermophilus phosphofructokinase (BsPFK) is involved in the allosteric mechanism of the enzyme [Schirmer, T., and Evans, P.R. (1990) Nature 343, 140-145]. The residue at one end of this loop, glycine 212, has been proposed to be a pivot about which the loop hinges. Using site-directed mutagenesis, glycine 212 was replaced with valine (G212V). Steady-state kinetic analysis and ligand binding studies on the altered and native PFKs showed that the G212V substitution resulted in discernible changes at the effector site. The mutated PFK required a 3-fold higher concentration of the allosteric inhibitor phosphoenolpyruvate than did the native enzyme to cause the same level of inhibition. The altered PFK had a 2-fold higher dissociation constant for the allosteric activator GDP than the wild-type enzyme. More importantly, whereas the native PFK was fully activated by 1 mM GDP from its PEP-inhibited T-state, the altered enzyme was only marginally activated. On the other hand, the G212V mutation resulted in no changes at the catalytic site of BsPFK. The catalytic rate constant kcat remained unchanged. The altered PFK had the same Km values for ATP and fructose-6-phosphate (Fru-6-P) as did the wild-type enzyme. Furthermore, starting from the same PEP-inhibited T-state, both enzymes gave identical sigmoidal responses to increasing Fru-6-P concentration, indicating that Fru-6-P can activate both to the R-state.
A Low Delay, Variable Resolution, Perfect Reconstruction Spectral Analysis-Synthesis System For Speech Enhancement (2007)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Poznan, Poland, 2007
Arousal Responses to Olfactory or Trigeminal Stimulation During Sleep (2007)

With the present results we were able to demonstrate that, in contrast to trigeminal stimulation, the presentation of a strong but selective olfactory stimulus does not lead to arousals during nocturnal sleep in humans.
<i>Serrate</i> expression can functionally replace <i>Delta</i> activity during neuroblast segregation in the <i>Drosophila</i> embryo (1995)

Serrate and Delta encode structurally related proteins in D. melanogaster that bind within a common extracellular region on the NOTCH receptor molecule. We used ectopic expression to determine if SERRATE could mediate in vivo functions parallel or antagonistic to those proposed for the putative NOTCH ligand DELTA. Our results demonstrate that Serrate can replace Delta gene function during embryonic neuroblast segregation and that expression of Serrate leads to a NOTCH-dependent suppression of achaete expression in proneural clusters. Our findings strongly suggest that SERRATE functions as an alternative ligand capable of NOTCH activation.
GENETIC CONTROL OF QUANTITATIVE VARIATION IN SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY PROTEINS DETECTED BY IMMUNODIFFUSION (1974)

Single radial immunodiffusion was used to study the self-incompatibility (S) proteins present in stigmas of two inbred lines of Brassica oleracea: a self-incompatible line and a self-compatible mutant derived from it. The genetic basis of observed quantitative differences in S proteins between the two inbreds was shown to be determined by a single gene with dosage effects. Self-pollination of individual plants with high, intermediate and low levels of S protein in the stigmas, respectively, resulted in low, intermediate and high seed set.
New polycyclic azines derived from pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine. (2000)

The aminoimidazolinyl derivative 3 was synthesized using the pyrazole amino aldehyde 1 as a starting material. Compound 3 has been used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of the title compounds.
Wargaming (1995)

Military operations such as Desert Storm are not successful by accident. Leaders and soldiers spend years training for such contingencies. This training process increasingly includes time working with simulations and simulators. The simulation stresses their reactive and decision making capabilities, and gives them the opportunity to make mistakes with consequences that are not lethal. The military defines any training that is not real combat to be simulation. This has lead to a division of simulations into three broad categories: live, virtual, and constructive. Constructive simulation, also known as wargaming, derives its name from the fact that the pieces operating on the battlefield are not individual tanks and aircraft but a construction of many different types of equipment into a single aggregated unit such as an armor company or artillery battery. Wargaming is described, current problems in simulation are outlined, and the technical skills needed by an engineer for building simulations are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
β-Cell Uncoupling Protein 2 Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production, Which Influences Both Insulin and Glucagon Secretion (2011)

Using a novel β-cell-specific UCP2KO mouse model, we have shed light on UCP2 function in primary β-cells. UCP2 does not behave as a classical metabolic uncoupler in the β-cell, but has a more prominent role in the regulation of intracellular ROS levels that contribute to GSIS amplification. In addition, β-cell UCP2 contributes to the regulation of intraislet ROS signals that mediate changes in α-cell morphology and glucagon secretion.
Kinetic parameter analysis for propane ODH: V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and MoO<sub>3</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts (2007)

Abstract The effect of surface metal oxide loading and specific surface metal oxide species on the kinetic parameters associated with the propane oxidative dehydrogenation reaction is analyzed for several supported V 2 O 5 /Al 2 O 3 (VAl) and MoO 3 /Al 2 O 3 (MoAl) catalysts. The VAl and MoAl catalysts are synthesized and characterized to ensure the kinetic parameters are estimated primarily for the surface metal oxide phase. The kinetic parameters are successfully estimated for a consecutive Mars–van Krevelen reaction model. Analysis of the parameters reveals that the apparent pre‐exponential factors for propene formation and degradation reactions increase with loading for both VAl and MoAl catalysts up to monolayer coverage with the VAl possessing larger values. However, the relative increase of the individual apparent pre‐exponential factors is different. The activation energy for propene formation is relatively invariant and does not contribute to the activity comparison. The difference in activation energies for propene formation and degradation decreases with surface vanadia loading, but is relatively similar with surface molybdena loading. Detailed analysis of the kinetic parameters conclusively reveals that the surface vanadia species provides a better active site in terms of activity and propene yield for the propane ODH reaction. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM ON PHYTOPHTHORA DRECHSLERI, THE CASUAL AGENT OF CUCUMBER DAMPING-OFF (2004)

ISHS XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Managing Soil-Borne Pathogens: A Sound Rhizosphere to Improve Productivity in Intensive Horticultural Systems ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM ON PHYTOPHTHORA DRECHSLERI, THE CASUAL AGENT OF CUCUMBER DAMPING-OFF
Low-voltage single supply CMOS electrically erasable read-only memory (1980)

A low-voltage single supply CMOS electrically erasable read-only memory (CMOS-EEROM) is described. It combines long-term charge retention and the possibility of being read, written, and erased from a single power supply. Negative write and erase voltages are generated on-chip by voltage multipliers. It is shown that writing by avalanche injection and erasing by Fowler-Nordheim emission, are compatible with the low power output associated with these multipliers. In order to reduce the programming voltages below 40 V, injection oxide thickness is locally reduced by one additional photolithographic step compared to conventional silicon-gate CMOS technology. The influence of this oxide thickness and of polysilicon doping on write and erase characteristics, endurance, and charge retention are analyzed.
Analysis of Schottky gate electron tunneling in polarization induced AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (1999)

( gate=nickel)/(barrier=GaN/Al (y) Ga (1−y) N)/(buffer=GaN)/(substrate=SiC ) polarizationinduced high electron mobility transistors (PI-HEMTs) show promise for ultrahigh power microwave amplification. The polarization fields in these Ga-face, wurtzite structures are used to engineer the conduction band profile in the absence of any doping. One important attribute of these PI-HEMTs is their ability to withstand electric fields up to 3 MV/cm without avalanche breakdown. The combination of high electric field under the gate necessary to pinch off the channel, and the high electric field fringing to the gate from the large drain–source bias voltage, makes it possible for electron tunneling from the gate into and through the GaN/Al(y)Ga(1−y)N barrier into the GaN channel. A one-dimensional theoretical analysis of the tunneling current at pinchoff as a function of the aluminum fraction (0.05&lt;y&lt;0.45) in the barrier, the operating temperature of the gate metal at 300 and 573 K, and a uniform additional electric field of −1 and −2 MV/cm from drain bias reveals the potential for these GaN based devices to impose negligible current loading by the gate on a microwave driver. Unlike GaAs, avalanche breakdown induced by gate leakage is unimportant in these GaN based power devices.
Predicting antimicrobial susceptibilities for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates using whole genomic sequence data (2013)

Our method was as sensitive and specific as routinely deployed phenotypic methods. Validation against larger datasets and formal assessments of cost and turnaround time in a routine laboratory setting are warranted.
Electrical properties of 4H-SiC MIS capacitors with AlN gate dielectric grown by MOCVD (2018)

We report on the electrical properties of the AlN/4H-SiC interface using capacitance- and conductance-voltage (CV and GV) analysis of AlN/SiC MIS capacitors. The crystalline AlN layers are made by hot wall MOCVD. CV analysis at room temperature reveals an order of magnitude lower density of interface traps at the AlN/SiC interface than at nitrided SiO2/SiC interfaces. Electron trapping in bulk traps within the AlN is significant when the MIS capacitors are biased into accumulation resulting in a large flatband voltage shift towards higher gate voltage. This process is reversible and the electrons are fully released from the AlN layer if depletion bias is applied at elevated temperatures. Current-voltage (IV) analysis reveals that the breakdown electric field intensity across the AlN dielectric is 3–4 MV/cm and is limited by trap assisted leakage. By depositing an additional SiO2 layer on top of the AlN layer, it is possible to increase the breakdown voltage of the MIS capacitors significantly without having much impact on the quality of the AlN/SiC interface.
Concordance between self-reported and sternal skin conductance measures of hot flushes in symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (2011)

Concordance rates were typically lower than early reports of sternal skin conductance measures but were highly variable between studies. Possible measurement error and study conditions might partly explain the discordance and variation in study findings, but further exploration of the effects of symptom perception is warranted. Use of both measures concurrently is likely to achieve more reliable and valid measurement of hot flushes and night sweats than either measure alone.
CAUSTIC BURNS OF THE ESOPHAGUS AND THEIR SURGICAL MANAGEMENT A CLINICO-EXPERIMENTAL CORRELATION* (1953)

CAUSTIC BURNS OF THE ESOPHAGUS AND THEIR SURGICAL MANAGEMENT A CLINICO-EXPERIMENTAL CORRELATION: PDF Only
Quad-rotor MAV trajectory planning in wind fields (2013)

This paper addresses the problem of time optimal path planning for a quadrotor helicopter evolving in a region of known winds. Usually, the flight control of quadrotors subject to wind disturbances challenge seeks to find the optimal control to keep track of a desired trajectory in a windy region. This approach has one major disadvantage: the quadrotor flight control has to compensate for trajectory deviations; therefore, the energy consumption becomes an issue. Most unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) navigation techniques use waypoints to accomplish their missions. In the framework of a waypoint based navigation, a promising path planning strategy would be a time optimal approach in which the UAV would take advantage of wind to reach its next waypoint; therefore, saving time and energy (under constant forward velocity constraint). A model separation is used to simplify the control of the six-degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) dynamics of the quadrotor. Such approach allows to deal with quadrotor's 3D-motion through two subsystems: dynamic (altitude and MAV-relative forward velocity) and kinematic (nonholonomic navigation) subsystems. In terms of control, a hierarchical control scheme is used to stabilize dynamic and kinematic underactuated subsystems involved in the navigation task. The time optimal path planning is computed using a dynamic optimization method for continuous systems with some state variables specified at an unspecified terminal time. Results have been validated in simulation.
Voltage-mode defuzzification circuits (1994)

The defuzzification interface is an important building block of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). In this paper we describe two major methods for defuzzification and suitable analogue implementations for voltage-mode operation. A full rail-to-rail voliage range can be obiained using a fixed gain amplifier. SPICE simulations are presenied for each circuit.
A Four‐Diode Full‐Wave Ionic Current Rectifier Based on Bipolar Membranes: Overcoming the Limit of Electrode Capacity (2014)

Full-wave rectification of ionic currents is obtained by constructing the typical four-diode bridge out of ion conducting bipolar membranes. Together with conjugated polymer electrodes addressed with alternating current, the bridge allows for generation of a controlled ionic direct current for extended periods of time without the production of toxic species or gas typically arising from electrode side-reactions.
Lei n.º 171, de 15 de dezembro de 1947 (1948)

Regulariza a situacao dos reformados e aposentados pelo artigo 177, da Carta Constitucional de 1937.
Optoacoustic infrared spectroscopy of soft tissue (2000)

Optical properties of soft tissue in the near infrared are determined using optoacoustic spectroscopy. The acoustic signals are generated with an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) having a tuning range from 1500 to 3500 nm. In order to record the acoustic wave on the same side as the exciting laser pulse (backward mode), an infrared transparent pressure transducer was developed. The effective attenuation coefficients of cartilage and chicken breast were determined in a range between 1860 and 1940 nm. The minimum absorption or effective attenuation coefficient that could be measured with the presented method was 10 cm−1, limited by the detector sensitivity of 1.68% signal change per bar. The maximum measurable coefficient was about 1000 cm−1, limited by temporal broadening of the acoustic signals due to the finite pulse duration (6 ns) of the OPO. Optoacoustic infrared spectroscopy is shown to be suitable for on-line noninvasive, in vivo tissue characterization.