gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcription of <i>Clostridium cellulovorans</i> Cellulosomal Cellulase and Hemicellulase Genes (2003)

Transcription of the cellulosomal cellulase/hemicellulase genes of Clostridium cellulovorans has been investigated by Northern blot, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), primer extension, and S1 nuclease analysis. Northern hybridizations revealed that the cellulosomal cbpA gene cluster is transcribed as polycistronic mRNAs of 8 and 12 kb. The 8-kb mRNA coded for cbpA and exgS, and the 12-kb mRNA coded for cbpA, exgS, engH, and engK. The sizes of the mRNAs were about 3 kb for engE, 1.8 kb for manA, 2.7 kb for xynA, and 4 kb for pelA, indicating monocistronic transcription of these genes. Primer extension and S1 nuclease analysis of C. cellulovorans RNA showed that the transcriptional start sites of cbpA, engE, manA, and hbpA were located 233, 97, 64, and 61 bp upstream from the first nucleotide of each of the respective translation initiation codons. Alignment of the cbpA, engE, manA, and hbpA promoter regions provided evidence for highly conserved sequences that exhibited strong similarity to the sigma(A) consensus promoter sequences of gram-positive bacteria.
Context-based lossless halftone image compression (1999)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Ordered semiconductor ZnO nanowire arrays and their photoluminescence properties (2000)

Ordered semiconductor ZnO nanowire arrays embedded in anodic alumina membranes (AAM) were fabricated by generating alumina templates with nanochannels, electrodepositing Zn in them, and then oxidizing the Zn nanowire arrays. The polycrystalline ZnO nanowires with the diameters ranging from 15 to 90 nm were uniformly assembled into the hexagonally ordered nanochannels of the AAM. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show a blue PL band in the wavelength range of 450–650 nm caused by the singly ionized oxygen vacancy in ZnO nanowires.
Scientific and technical challenges in remote sensing of plant canopy reflectance and fluorescence (2009)

State-of-the-art optical remote sensing of vegetation canopies is reviewed here to stimulate support from laboratory and field plant research. This overview of recent satellite spectral sensors and the methods used to retrieve remotely quantitative biophysical and biochemical characteristics of vegetation canopies shows that there have been substantial advances in optical remote sensing over the past few decades. Nevertheless, adaptation and transfer of currently available fluorometric methods aboard air- and space-borne platforms can help to eliminate errors and uncertainties in recent remote sensing data interpretation. With this perspective, red and blue-green fluorescence emission as measured in the laboratory and field is reviewed. Remotely sensed plant fluorescence signals have the potential to facilitate a better understanding of vegetation photosynthetic dynamics and primary production on a large scale. The review summarizes several scientific challenges that still need to be resolved to achieve operational fluorescence based remote sensing approaches.
The physiological role of dehydroascorbic acid (2002)

Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) is abundant in the human diet and also is generated from vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. DHA is absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine and reduced to AA, which subsequently circulates in the blood. Utilization of AA as an antioxidant and enzyme cofactor causes its oxidation to DHA in extracellular fluid and cells. DHA has an important role in many cell types because it can be used to regenerate AA. Both physiological (e.g. insulin, insulin‐like growth factor I, cyclic AMP) and pathological (e.g. oxidative stress, diabetes, sepsis) factors alter the transport and metabolic mechanisms responsible for this DHA recycling.
A Poesia pode ser uma forma intuitiva de pensamentoTeológico (2012)

This paper aims to present, from the categories of Benedetto Croce’s thought, as poetry is able to grasp the truth of things intuitively and thereby is catch to imagination to critical thinking. The application of this intuitive form of theological thought will be forthcoming in Cantico delle creature of Saint Francis of Assisi, a text of considerable importance for Italian Literature and source of inspiration for Saint Bonaventure’s Theology.
Intelligent Cooperative Spectrum Sensing via Hierarchical Dirichlet Process in Cognitive Radio Networks (2014)

Cognitive radio (CR) is a critical technology for improving spectrum utilization and solving the radio spectrum scarcity problem. In CR devices, spectrum sensing is important to implement opportunistic spectrum access. Many spectrum sensing schemes have been proposed, including uncooperative, cooperative, centralized, and distributed algorithms. However, they aimed to obtain a global consensus sensing result, which may not always be possible in large-scale cognitive radio networks (CRNs) due to heterogeneous spectrum availability in different areas. Hence, some new spectrum sensing schemes should be designed to discover idle heterogeneous spectrum in CRNs. In this paper, we propose an intelligent cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm based on a non-parametric Bayesian learning model, namely the hierarchical Dirichlet process, which groups spectrum sensing data without the need to know the number of hidden spectrum states, and discovers a common sparse spectrum within each group. Furthermore, a concisely distributed information exchange scheme is designed, where intra-cluster and inter-cluster spectrum information is shared for global spectrum cognition. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can exploit the spatial relationship among sensed data to achieve a better spectrum sensing performance in terms of detection probability and false alarm probability.
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis of precision‐cut testis slices: Toxicologic application (1997)

Advances in tissue slice technology and a recent novel application of this technique to reproductive toxicology using bovine testis have demonstrated the remarkable utility of this approach. The objective of the present study was to combine this in vitro toxicity test system with large-scale two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to detect and study alterations in testicular-slice protein patterns as molecular correlates of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) and 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) toxicity. Previous studies have shown that testicular slices remain viable for > 24 h and, as measured by protein synthesis inhibition, TNB causes dose-related injury. Tissue-slices were prepared from bovine testicles incubated for 2, 4 or 6 h and exposed to either 100 microM, 500 microM or 1 mM DNB or TNB in the incubation medium. Slices were collected, solubilized, and separated by large scale 2-DE. Resulting protein patterns were then examined by image analysis, which revealed coefficients of variation in protein spot abundance comparable to patterns from fresh rodent tissue samples. Furthermore, specific protein alterations indicated dose-related inductions and declines in protein abundance, some progressive over time. The results of this investigation demonstrate the potential toxicologic utility of combining in vitro tissue-slice technology with high-resolution 2-DE protein mapping. The consolidation of these methods offers a novel approach for toxicity screening and testing, reduces experimental cost, and reduces the use of laboratory animals.
Robust Active Appearance Models with Iteratively Rescaled Kernels (2007)

Active appearance models (AAMs) are widely used to fit statistical models of shape and appearance to images, and have applications in segmentation, tracking, and classification of structures. A limitation of AAMs is that they are not robust to a large set of gross outliers. Using a robust kernel can help, but there are potential problems in determining the correct kernel scaling parameters. We describe a method of learning two sets of scaling parameters during AAM training: a coarse and a fine scale set. Our algorithm initially applies the coarse scale and then uses a form of deterministic annealing to reduce to the fine outlier rejection scaling as the AAM converges. The algorithm was assessed on two large datasets consisting of a set of faces, and a medical dataset of images of the spine. A significant improvement in accuracy and robustness was observed in cases which were difficult for a standard AAM.
Correction: A Fluorescence-Based Thermal Shift Assay Identifies Inhibitors of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 4 (2013)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second highest cause of cancer death in United States males. If the metastatic movement of PCa cells could be inhibited, then mortality from PCa could be greatly reduced. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MAP2K4) has previously been shown to activate pro-invasion signaling pathways in human PCa. Recognizing that MAP2K4 represents a novel and validated therapeutic target, we sought to develop and characterize an efficient process for the identification of small molecules that target MAP2K4. Using a fluorescence-based thermal shift assay (FTS) assay, we first evaluated an 80 compound library of known kinase inhibitors, thereby identifying 8 hits that thermally stabilized MAP2K4 in a concentration dependent manner. We then developed an in vitro MAP2K4 kinase assay employing the biologically relevant downstream substrates, JNK1 and p38 MAPK, to evaluate kinase inhibitory function. In this manner, we validated the performance of our initial FTS screen. We next applied this approach to a 2000 compound chemically diverse library, identified 7 hits, and confirmed them in the in vitro kinase assay. Finally, by coupling our structure-activity relationship data to MAP2K4's crystal structure, we constructed a model for ligand binding. It predicts binding of our identified inhibitory compounds to the ATP binding pocket. Herein we report the creation of a robust inhibitor-screening platform with the ability to inform the discovery and design of new and potent MAP2K4 inhibitors.
Row/Column Replacement for the Control of Hard Defects in Semiconductor RAM's (1986)

We describe and analyze row/column replacement, the technique currently used to control hard cell defects in semiconductor RAM's during manufacture. This strategy is shown to be asymptotically ineffective; it is demonstrated that this ineffectiveness may become a limiting issue for very large memory arrays.
Cost Performance of Multi-rise Structures in Australia (2009)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThe article discusses the findings of research on the cost performance of structural frames. The analysis conducted is based on a range of designs that are commonly found in 10-storey buildings in Australia. The study explored the best cost solutions for any particular project through generic cost models of steel, concrete, and formwork systems used in commercial buildings. The research concluded that the most important factor in choosing structural building frames would be the unique characteristics of individual projects.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of human plasma proteins (1997)

We analyzed mononuclear leukocytes from patients with various human leukemias by high-resolution two-dimension-al electrophoresis. Tumor cells of the granulocytic, monocyt-ic, and lymphoid lineages [obtained from chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast transformation, acute monocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), respectively] can be easily recognized by using a series of cell-type marker proteins identified by comparison of fractionated normal cell populations. B and T cell types of CLL could be distin-guished, the results correlating well with those obtained by use of monoclonal-antibody staining methods. In two cases representing almost pure B-cells (classical CLL; 0 % T, 85% B) and T-cells (cutaneous T-cefl leukemia; 77 % T, 0 % B), 27 of 29 marker proteins showed quantitative B/T differences comparable to those observed in comparisons of normal B-
Majorana zero modes in one-dimensional quantum wires without long-ranged superconducting order (2011)

We show that long-ranged superconducting order is not necessary to guarantee the existence of Majorana fermion zero modes at the ends of a quantum wire. We formulate a concrete model, which applies, for instance, to a semiconducting quantum wire with strong spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting coupled to a wire with algebraically decaying superconducting fluctuations. We solve this model by bosonization and show that it supports Majorana fermion zero modes. We show that electron backscattering in the superconducting wire, which is caused by potential variations at the Fermi wave vector, generates quantum phase slips that cause a splitting of the topological degeneracy, which decays as a power law of the length of the superconducting wire. The power is proportional to the number of channels in the superconducting wire. Other perturbations give contributions to the splitting that decay exponentially with the length of either the superconducting or semiconducting wires. We argue that our results are generic and apply to a large class of models. We discuss the implications for experiments on spin-orbit coupled nanowires coated with superconducting film and for LaAlO${}_{3}$/SrTiO${}_{3}$ interfaces.
An Efficient Solar-Hydrogen DC-DC Buck Converter System with Sliding Mode Control (2019)

This paper focuses on two different scenarios to benefit from solar energy more efficiently. One of them is photovoltaic houses and storing their energy as hydrogen, the other one is photovoltaic cars and storing their energy as hydrogen. The common point in these two photovoltaic sourced scenarios is convert and storage of the hydrogen energy more efficiently. Photovoltaic energy is converted to the desired voltage level using the DC-DC buck converter for generating hydrogen with electrolysis process. The electrolysis load for hydrogen production needs low voltage and high currents especially. To supply these conditions the converter must be designed and controlled sensitively. For this aim, the sliding mode controller is proposed as a solution in this study. The photovoltaic powered DC-DC buck converter for electrolysis load was simulated in MATLAB/ Simulink software more detailed using the sliding mode controller.
Bayesian Approaches to Meta-analysi of ROC Curves (1999)

A comparative review of important classic and Bayesian approaches to fixed-effects and random-effects meta-analysis of binormal ROC curves and areas underneath them is presented. The ROC analyses results of seven evaluation studies concerning the dexamethasone suppression test provide the basis for a worked example. Particular attention is given to fully Bayesian inference, a novelty in the ROC context, based on Gibbs samples from posterior distributions of hierarchical model parameters and related quantities. Fully Bayesian meta-analysis may properly account for the uncertainty associated with the model parameters, possibly incorporating prior knowledge and beliefs, and allows clinically intuitive predictions of unobserved study effects via calculation of posterior predictive densities. The effects of various different prior specifications (six noninformative as well as one informative) on the posterior estimates are investigated (sensitivity-analysis). Recommendations and suggestions for further research are made. Computer code for the more advanced methods may either be downloaded via the Internet or be found elsewhere.
Surface-micromachined micro-XYZ stages for free-space microoptical bench (1997)

Micro-XYZ stages have been monolithically integrated with microactuators and out-of-plane microoptical elements, all fabricated by the same surface-micromachined process, on Si free-space microoptical bench. Optical beam adjustment with three degrees of freedom has been realized without angular squinting. A positioning accuracy of 11 nm has been achieved by the integrated scratch drive actuators, with the travel distance larger than 30 μm in each direction.
Observed Changes in Limb Clouds Immediately Prior to the Onset of Planet-Encircling Dust Storms (1992)

Of the several size and nomenclature groupings of Martian dust storms, it is the plane-encircling or truly runaway dust storms that are of most concern to both the theoreticians and mission planners. Once believed to be regularly seasonal, it is now known that they are not annual occurrences and that the few we know about occurred within at least one-third of Mars' seasonal cycle. We cannot confirm that any were observed before 1956, and not one has been observed since 1982 (the classification of that event as 'encircling' is an interpretation of observation from a single point on the planet's surface). If these storms occur in cycles, we do not know the lengths or causes of the cycles. Regional and local dust storms occur more frequently and throughout the Martian year, but the underlying question is how do some become runaways, encircling the planet, while the others die out, usually within a few days. An investigation of this topic is presented.
Pronounced impact of Th1/E47cs mutation compared with -491 AT mutation on neural APOE gene expression and risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (1998)

Possession of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele is the most frequently associated genetic susceptibility factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, new polymorphisms in the regulatory region of the APOE gene have been described. We analysed the effects of three of these mutations (-491 AT, -427 CT and Th1/E47cs) on disease risk in a large case-control study, and tested their impacts on APOE allelic expression in brain tissues. The Th1/E47cs T allele was associated with an increased risk of occurrence of AD, while the -491 T allele was associated with a decreased risk, independently of the APOE epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 polymorphism effect. However, the impact of the Th1/E47cs mutation was the strongest. The -427 CT polymorphism was not associated with the disease. In AD subjects heterozygous for the epsilon4 allele, analysis of allelic expression showed that the relative expression levels of the epsilon4 allele were higher than those of the corresponding controls. Consistent with epidemiological data, the relative level of expression of the epsilon4 allele was modified accordingly to the presence or absence of the two main promoter polymorphisms, indicating, in vivo, the deleterious effect of the Th1/E47cs T allele and the protective effect of the -491 T allele in population. These data indicate that in addition to the qualitative effect of the APOE epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 polymorphisms on the AD occurrence, the quantitative variation of expression of these alleles due to functional APOE promoter mutations, is a key determinant of AD development.
IANA Registration of New Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Resource-Priority Namespaces (2009)

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Resource-Priority namespaces to meet the requirements of the US Defense Information Systems Agency, and places these namespaces in the IANA registry.
EXCHANGE RATE DIFFERENCES-THE ACCOUNTING TREATMENT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF AN ECONOMIC ENTITY (2016)

Currency rate differences arise when there are certain debt rights or obligations in foreign currency of an economic entity which are collected i.e. paid for at a different course from the one displayed by the Romanian National Bank on the date of their establishment. Such differences, according to the situation, generate expenditure or revenue which affects a company's financial result and, consequently, the accountant result as well. The results registered by an economic entity presented in the Profit and Loss Account provide information about its financial performance. This performance can be influenced by the favorable or unfavorable exchange rate differences existing when an economic entity carries out transactions or has incurred foreign currency loans having a significant share in the total amount of transactions or in capitals. The present paper shows the accounting treatment of the exchange rate differences and its impact on the financial performance.
Laboratory and Field Tests of a Hassock Fan-Ion Generator Radon Decay Product Removal Unit (1988)

Abstract Laboratory tests in a radon chamber of a hassock fan-ion generator unit, developed for reducing airborne radon decay product concentrations inside buildings, produced reduction in potential alpha energy concentrations (PAECs) ranging from 83% to 86%. Similar reductions were observed in rooms in a home with relatively high radon concentrations. Reduction in a home with relatively low radon concentrations ranged from 76% to 79%. The time required for the removal unit to reach the point of maximum reduction was 6 to 8 h. A major share of the reduction occurred within the first 3 to 4 h. The speed of the fan, which was variable, had little effect on the ultimate removal efficiency. Reductions in the dose equivalent to the lungs, estimated on the basis of laboratory studies utilising several lung dosimetric models, were only slightly less than the observed reductions in PAECs.
Introduction (2011)

Science fiction has proved notoriously difficult to define. It has variously been explained as a combination of romance, science, and prophecy (Hugo Gernsback), ‘realistic speculation about future events’ (Robert Heinlein), and a genre based on an imagined alternative to the reader's environment (Darko Suvin). It has been called a form of fantastic fiction and an historical literature. This volume will not attempt to reduce these explanations to a single, comprehensive definition. That way madness lies. Instead, I shall outline here some of the guiding presumptions which will be used throughout this introduction. Firstly, to call science fiction (SF) a genre causes problems because it does not recognize the hybrid nature of many SF works. It is more helpful to think of it as a mode or field where different genres and subgenres intersect. And then there is the issue of science. In the early decades of the 20th century, a number of writers attempted to tie this fiction to science and even to use it as a means of promoting scientific knowledge, a position which continues into what has become known as ‘hard SF’. Applied science – technology – has been much more widely discussed in SF because every technological innovation affects the structure of our society and the nature of our behaviour. Technology has repeatedly been associated with the future by SF, but it does not follow that the fiction is therefore ...
Therapeutic embolization of juvenile angiofibroma (1979)

The Secretary of Theodore Roosevelt acknowledges Spearman Louis' letter to Roosevelt on the latter's behalf and warns that Roosevelt is "not in a position to assist [him] in obtaining an engagement."