gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact Arrayed-Waveguide Grating with Multiple-Arrowhead Structures (2006)

A compact arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) using multiple-arrowhead structures has been proposed. Arrowhead structures are useful for achieving low-cost and highly integrated waveguide devices because of their compactness. Therefore, the use of multiple-arrowhead structures enables us to achieve high-resolution AWGs with a channel spacing of less than 10 GHz, and we have already fabricated an 8-channel, 25-GHz-spacing AWG using a single-arrowhead structure, a 16-channel, 100-GHz-spacing AWG using a double-arrowhead structure and an 8-channel, 6.25-GHz-spacing AWG using a triple-arrowhead structure. The dimension of the third type of AWG is much smaller than a conventional AWG, with a size ratio of 1:6.4. The levels of the losses and adjacent crosstalk are mainly determined by insertion losses in the v-bend waveguides and by phase shifts due to misalignment of the mirror position, respectively.
Prehospital Electronic Patient Care Report Systems: Early Experiences from Emergency Medical Services Agency Leaders (2012)

EMS agencies are highly motivated to adopt e-PCR systems to support quality assurance efforts; however, adoption and implementation of e-PCR systems has been challenging for many. Emerging strategies from EMS agencies and others that have successfully implemented EHRs may be useful in expanding e-PCR system use and facilitating this transition for other EMS agencies.
Electrocardiogram‐correlated image reconstruction from subsecond spiral computed tomography scans of the heart (1998)

Subsecond computed tomography (CT) scanning offers potential for improved heart imaging. We therefore developed and validated dedicated reconstruction algorithms for imaging the heart with subsecond spiral CT utilizing electrocardiogram (ECG) information. We modified spiral CT z-interpolation algorithms on a subsecond spiral CT scanner. Two new classes of algorithms were investigated: (a) 180 degrees CI (cardio interpolation), a piecewise linear interpolation between adjacent spiral data segments belonging to the same heart phase where segments are selected by correlation with the simultaneously recorded ECG signal and (b) 180 degrees CD (cardio delta), a partial scan reconstruction of 180 degrees + delta with delta < fan angle, resulting in reduced effective scan times of less than 0.5 s. Computer simulations as well as processing of clinical data collected with 0.75 s scan time were carried out to evaluate these new approaches. Both 180 degrees CI and 180 degrees CD provided significant improvements in image quality. Motion artifacts in the reconstructed images were largely reduced as compared to standard spiral reconstructions; in particular, coronary calcifications were delineated more sharply and multiplanar reformations showed improved contiguity. However, new artifacts in the image plane are introduced, mostly due to the combination of different data segments. ECG-oriented image reconstructions improve the quality of heart imaging with spiral CT significantly. Image quality and the display of coronary calcification appear adequate to assess coronary calcium measurements with conventional subsecond spiral CT.
A Mixer Front End for a Four-Channel Modulated Wideband Converter With 62-dB Blocker Rejection (2017)

The modulated wideband converter receiver architecture leverages compressive sensing techniques to improve flexibility for cognitive radio applications. We present a prototype integrated circuit that adds signal reception to previously demonstrated signal detection. By refactoring the mixing sequence between signal detection and reception, we enable targeted reception and blocker rejection. We algorithmically design a three-level mixing sequence and additionally employ delay-based harmonic cancellation. When applied together in our 65-nm proof-of-concept integrated circuit, we measure 62 dB of in-band blocker rejection, while receiving up to four channels with independently defined locations anywhere up to 900 MHz.
Switched Resonant Clocking (SRC) scheme enabling dynamic frequency scaling and low-speed test (2009)

A novel Switched Resonant Clocking (SRC) scheme is proposed to solve two basic problems of the conventional resonant clocking, that is, power increase and clock waveform inability at the lower clock frequency region. The power increase prohibits widely-used dynamic frequency scaling (DFS) and the waveform instability hinders low-speed function tests. A test chip in 0.18 mum CMOS is manufactured and measured to show that the SRC suppresses power increase at low clock frequency and enables the low-speed tests, while reducing the clock power by 8% at 1.5-GHz clock with an area penalty of 4.8%.
Characterization of an Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strain from Africa Expressing a Putative Colonization Factor (1999)

An enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain of serotype O114:H- that expressed both heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins and tested negative for colonization factors (CF) was isolated from a child with diarrhea in Egypt. This strain, WS0115A, induced hemagglutination of bovine erythrocytes and adhered to the enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2, suggesting that it may elaborate novel fimbriae. Surface-expressed antigen purified by differential ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography yielded a single protein band with M(r) 14,800 when resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (16% polyacrylamide). A monoclonal antibody against this putative fimbrial antigen was generated and reacted with strain WS0115A and also with CS1-, CS17-, and CS19-positive strains in a dot blot assay. Reactivity was temperature dependent, with cells displaying reactivity when grown at 37 degrees C but not when grown at 22 degrees C. Immunoblot analysis of a fimbrial preparation from strain WS0115A showed that the monoclonal antibody reacted with a single protein band. Electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy revealed fimbria-like structures on the surface of strain WS0115A. These structures were rigid and measured 6.8 to 7.4 nm in diameter. Electrospray mass-spectrometric analysis showed that the mass of the purified fimbria was 14,965 Da. The N-terminal sequence of the fimbria established that it was a member of the CFA/I family, with sequence identity to the amino terminus of CS19, a new CF recently identified in India. Cumulatively, our results suggest that this fimbria is CS19. Screening of a collection of ETEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea in Egypt found that 4.2% of strains originally reported as CF negative were positive for this CF, suggesting that it is biologically relevant in the pathogenesis of ETEC.
Twenty First Century Propulsion Concept (1991)

This contract explored the Biefield-Brown effect which allegedly converts electrostatic energy directly into a propulsive force in a vacuum environment. The program emphasized the the experimental exploration of this electrostatic thrust-generation concept to confirm or deny its existence, to verify its operation under high vacuum conditions, and to establish an experimental database via tests with candidate devices to permit the nature and magnitude of its thrust to be determined. An improved laboratory test configuration was developed for quantifying electrostatically induced propulsive forces on selected devices. This configuration used a vacuum chamber and diffusion pump arrangement which extended conditions to the 1 microtorr range. While attempts were made to increase the driving DC voltage to 50 kV or more, the driving voltages were generally limited to about 19 kV to avoid electrical breakdown problems. Boundary effects arising from the presence of induced surface charges on the walls of the vacuum chamber surrounding the test devices were significant, and had to be taken into account in using the torsion pendulum system to make thrust force measurements. Direct experimental results indicate that no detectable propulsive force was electrostatically induced by applying a static potential difference up to 19 kV between the electrodes of test devices under conditions in which electrical breakdowns did not occur.
Differential Expression of the <i>Xenopus laevis</i> Tadpole and Adult β-Globin Genes When Injected into Fertilized <i>Xenopus laevis</i> Eggs (1984)

Xenopus laevis tadpole and adult beta-globin genes were injected into fertilized X. laevis eggs. Both injected genes replicated and were retained in the developing embryos with equal efficiency. Transcripts of the injected adult gene were detectable at gastrulation and reached a maximum level shortly thereafter. In contrast, transcripts of the injected tadpole gene were not detected until much later stages of development. The level of expression of both the injected genes was low compared with the level of expression of the chromosomal genes during erythropoiesis.
The Fluorination of Boron Trichloride (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Fluorination of Boron TrichlorideHarold Simmons Booth and Spencer G. FraryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 10, 1836–1837Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01250a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01250a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Precoder partitioning in closed-loop MIMO systems (2009)

We study unitary precoding for multistream MIMO systems with partial channel state information at the transmitter. We introduce a quantization scheme in which the full space of non-equivalent precoding matrices is partitioned into Grassmannian and orthogonalization parts. The Grassmannian part is used for maximizing the power after precoding and the orthogonalization part is used for removing cross talk between the data streams. We show that orthogonalization improves the attainable capacity when the receiver is linear. We give a parametrization for the non-equivalent orhogonalization matrices and a metric which measures the orthogonality of the transmission. Optimal orthogonalization codebooks for two-stream transmission are presented. When feedback is limited, the optimal partitioning of feedback bits between Grassmannian and orthogonalization parts becomes an issue. In correlated scenarios, the number of feedback bits may be significantly reduced by investing bits into the orthogonalization part.
A Simple, Efficient Synthesis of Dibenzyl and Di-<i>p</i>-nitrobenzyl 1-Hydroxyalkanephosphonates (1988)

Dibenzyl and di-p-nitrobenzyl 1-hydroxyalkanephosphonates 3a-i are prepared by alkylation of 1-hydroxyalkanephosphonic acids 1 with O-benzyl and O-(p-nitrobenzyl)-N,N′-dicyclohexylisoureas 2.
A high-resolution flash time-to-digital converter and calibration scheme (2005)

Flash time-to-digital converters (TDCs) are well-suited for use in on-chip timing measurement systems because they can be operated at high speeds, offer low test time, and are relatively easy to integrate. However, clock jitter in modern integrated circuits is often on the same order of magnitude as the temporal resolution of the TDC itself. Therefore, techniques are required to increase the resolution of these devices, while ensuring timing accuracy. This work presents a high-resolution flash TDC that exploits the random offsets on flip-flops or arbiters to perform time quantization. It also describes a novel technique based on additive temporal noise to accurately calibrate the measurement device. Simulation and experimental results reveal that the latter method can calibrate the high-resolution flash TDC down to 5 ps within reasonable error limits. In addition, accurate timing measurement of jitter below 14 ps has been experimentally validated using a high-resolution flash TDC fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process.
Polydienes possessing terminal ionic groups part 1 preparation of polydienes with terminal quaternary ammonium groups (1984)

Abstract Methods are described by which living anionic polydienes are reacted with α, ω‐alkylene‐chloroamines to generate polymers possessing terminal tertiary amine groups. Subsequent reaction with alkyl halides yields materials with quaternary ammonium terminal ligands. Evidence is presented to show that both reaction steps proceed with high efficiency, so that overall conversion is virtually quantitative. The ionically terminated polydienes exhibit two phase morphology, and the difunctional materials have thermoplastic elastomeric properties.
Autolanding a 737 Using GPS Integrity Beacons (1995)

This paper describes how differential GPS (DGPS) and miniature, low-cost Integrity Beacon pseudolites were used to carry out 110 successful automatic landings of a United Airlines Boeing 737 aircraft. These autopilot-in-the-loop flight tests using GPS Integrity Beacons (low-power, ground-based marker beacon pseudolites placed under the approach path) furnished evidence that GPS can provide the full performance necessary to meet the stringent specifications of Category III. The built-in geometrical redundancy provided by Integrity Beacon ranging is coupled with centimeter-level accuracy to provide the system integrity. This integrity—calculated to be better than one part in a billion probability of missed detection—is achieved independently from ground-based monitors using receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM).
Correlation and prediction uncertainties in the CyberKnife Synchrony respiratory tracking system (2011)

The Predictor points follow the Modeler points closely. Margins were found in each clinical direction that would provide 95% modeler point coverage for 95% of the models reviewed in this study. Similar margins were found in two clinical directions for 99% modeler point coverage in 95% of models. These results can offer guidance in the selection of CTV margins for treatment with the CyberKnife.
k-way Hypergraph Partitioning via n-Level Recursive Bisection (2015)

We develop a multilevel algorithm for hypergraph partitioning that contracts the vertices one at a time. Using several caching and lazy-evaluation techniques during coarsening and refinement, we reduce the running time by up to two-orders of magnitude compared to a naive $n$-level algorithm that would be adequate for ordinary graph partitioning. The overall performance is even better than the widely used hMetis hypergraph partitioner that uses a classical multilevel algorithm with few levels. Aided by a portfolio-based approach to initial partitioning and adaptive budgeting of imbalance within recursive bipartitioning, we achieve very high quality. We assembled a large benchmark set with 310 hypergraphs stemming from application areas such VLSI, SAT solving, social networks, and scientific computing. We achieve significantly smaller cuts than hMetis and PaToH, while being faster than hMetis. Considerably larger improvements are observed for some instance classes like social networks, for bipartitioning, and for partitions with an allowed imbalance of 10%. The algorithm presented in this work forms the basis of our hypergraph partitioning framework KaHyPar (Karlsruhe Hypergraph Partitioning).
Verification and implications of the dissolution–electrodeposition process during the electro-reduction of solid silica in molten CaCl2 (2012)

With the verification of the existence of the dissolution–electrodeposition mechanism during the electro-reduction of solid silica in molten CaCl2, the present study not only provides direct scientific support for the controllable electrolytic extraction of nanostructured silicon in molten salts but it also opens an avenue to a continuous silicon extraction process via the electro-deposition of dissolved silicates in molten CaCl2. In addition, the present study increases the general understanding of the versatile material extraction route via the electro-deoxidization process of solid oxides in molten salts, which also provokes reconsiderations on the electrochemistry of insulating compounds.
Synthesis and Liquid Crystalline Properties of Dimesogenic Compounds Containing Trifluoromethyl Substituents at Terminal Phenylene Rings and Central Decamethylene Spacer (1990)

A series of new dimesogenic compounds whose mesogens are of aromatic ester or amide type having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the para-position of each terminal phenolic rings were prepared and their liquid crystalline properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and on a cross-polarizing microscope. The compounds have two identical mesogenic units bracketing a central decamethylene spacer. Trifluoromethyl group appears to favor the formation of smectic phases when it is attached to a phenoxy or anilide terminal. Its group efficiency for mesophase formation seems to be inferior to other common substituents. A thermodynamic analysis of the phase transitions was made and the results were explained in relation to the structures of the compounds.
Light-induced metal-like surface of silicon photonic waveguides (2015)

The surface of a material may exhibit physical phenomena that do not occur in the bulk of the material itself. For this reason, the behaviour of nanoscale devices is expected to be conditioned, or even dominated, by the nature of their surface. Here, we show that in silicon photonic nanowaveguides, massive surface carrier generation is induced by light travelling in the waveguide, because of natural surface-state absorption at the core/cladding interface. At the typical light intensity used in linear applications, this effect makes the surface of the waveguide behave as a metal-like frame. A twofold impact is observed on the waveguide performance: the surface electric conductivity dominates over that of bulk silicon and an additional optical absorption mechanism arises, that we named surface free-carrier absorption. These results, applying to generic semiconductor photonic technologies, unveil the real picture of optical nanowaveguides that needs to be considered in the design of any integrated optoelectronic device.
Localization of proteins to the apico‐lateral junctions of Drosophila epithelia (1997)

We have examined the distribution of proteins in the apico-lateral cell junctions in Drosophila imaginal discs. The subcellular distribution of these proteins in normal and mutant proliferating cells was analyzed with marker antibodies and confocal microscopy. Antibodies to phosphotyrosine (PY), Armadillo (Arm) and Drosophila E-cadherin (DE-cad) as well as FITC phalloidin marking filamentous actin, labeled the site of the adherens junction, whereas antibodies to Discs large (Dlg), Fasciclin III (FasIII) and Coracle (Cor) labeled the more basal septate junction. The junctional proteins labeled by these antibodies underwent specific changes in distribution during the cell cycle. We have previously shown that a loss-of-function dlg mutation, which causes neoplastic imaginal disc overgrowth, leads to loss of the septate junctions and the formation of what appear to be ectopic adherens junctions [Woods et al., 1996]. We therefore extended this study to examine the effects of mutations in other genes that also cause imaginal disc overgrowth. Based on staining with PY and Dlg antibodies, the apico-lateral junctional complexes appeared normal in tissue from the hyperplastic overgrowth mutants fat, dco, gd and wts. However, imaginal disc tissue from the neoplastic overgrowth mutants dlg and lgl showed abnormal distribution of the junctional markers including a complete loss of apico-basal polarity in loss-of-function dlg mutations. These results support the idea that some of the proteins of apico-lateral junctions are required both for apico-basal cell polarity and for the signalling mechanisms controlling cell proliferation, whereas others are required more specifically in cell-cell signalling. Dev. Genet. 20: 111–118, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Review article: the gastrointestinal complications of myositis (2009)

Myositis mainly involves the skeletal muscles in the upper oesophagus with dysphagia, along with proximal muscle weakness.
Sources of resistance to <i>Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus</i> in melon (2007)

Abstract Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus (WmCSV) is a bipartite geminivirus residing in the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) and is whitefly transmitted ( Bemisia tabaci ). WmCSV infects members of the Cucurbitaceae , and represents a considerable threat to melon and watermelon crops in Sudan, Yemen, and Iran. One hundred twenty‐eight melon accessions, mostly collected from Sudan, were screened in the open‐field in Sudan under severe whitefly inoculation pressure in order to identify sources of resistance to WmCSV. One WmCSV resistant line HSD 2445‐005 selected from this first screening along with 22 new melon accessions were agro‐inoculated with an infectious Sudanese clone of WmCSV. Ten accessions exhibited resistance to WmCSV infection upon agro‐inoculation. Six of them were confirmed to have complete resistance to WmCSV through graft‐inoculation as well as multiple field trials in Sudan. These lines include the Sudanese accession HSD 2445‐005, the South African accession PI 282448, and three Indian accessions: 90625, PI 124112, and PI 414723. Resistant plants exhibited no disease symptoms, and virus DNA could not be detected by hybridization with a WmCSV‐specific probe.
Ball spin in the tennis serve: spin rate and axis of rotation (2012)

The purpose of this study was to describe three-dimensional ball kinematics including spin axis and spin rate for the flat, slice, and kick serves executed by elite male tennis players. Trajectories of three retro-reflective markers attached to the surface of the ball were measured using a Vicon MX motion analysis system. The local coordinate system of the ball enabled the ball's angular velocity vector to be determined. Mean (+/- SD) spin rates recorded were 127.4 (+/- 56.3), 232.1 (+/- 34.8), and 336.5 (+/- 51.5) rad/s for the flat, slice, and kick serves, respectively. The resultant horizontal velocities of the ball were 52.0 (+/- 2.9), 46.4 (+/- 3.4), and 40.8 (+/- 2.8) m/s, respectively, and a clear tradeoff existed between the development of ball spin rate and horizontal ball velocity. [corrected]. The spin axis and ball velocity vector were close to perpendicular regardless of serve type. Mean angles between the spin axis and the horizontal plane (elevation angles) were 65.68 (+/- 10.28), 68.48 (+/- 6.98), and 54.58 (+/- 8.48) for the flat, slice, and kick serves, respectively. [corrected].