gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivariate data visualisation methods based on multi-elemental analysis of wines and coffees using total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis (1998)

The potential of applying TXRF for multi-elemental analysis and chemometric techniques for the classification of wines and coffees has been investigated. The wine samples were all of the same grape variety and coffee samples were sourced from various manufacturers. Elemental concentrations were determined using a vanadium standard. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the wine data showed that each wine type could be clearly distinguished, and cluster analysis showed the separation between the sample types. Star plots were produced for the wines and they showed that the variability in the replicate samples was much less than the differences between plots for each wine type. The coffee samples were not so clearly separated by PCA and cluster analysis, but most of the samples were found to be grouped by manufacturer, rather than country of origin. Again, it was demonstrated that star plots could be used to show the differences between samples. Clearly the application of simple chemometric techniques to multi-elemental analysis based on TXRF data is useful for the rapid screening and classification of samples such as wine and coffee and this type of methodology is enhanced through the use of descriptive visualisation techniques such as star plots.
Analysis of Abnormality in Endoscopic images using Combined HSI Color Space and Watershed Segmentation (2006)

In this paper, a method for detecting possible presence of abnormality in the endoscopic images is presented. The pre-processed endoscopic color images are segmented in the HSI color space. The pixels in the input color image corresponding to the segmented image are extracted for further processing. This image is smoothened using average filter and converted into grayscale image. Its inverse transform is obtained for further processing and extended minima is imposed on the processed image using morphological reconstruction. Then the morphological watershed segmentation is carried out on this image and the number of regions is counted and is compared with the threshold value. If the number of regions is more than the threshold value, then the output image is an indicative of possible presence of abnormality in the image
V2X Applications Using Collaborative Perception (2018)

This paper describes an implementation of a collaborative environmental perception system. Our system combines V2X communication with several sensing devices: GPS, DSRC, and forward-looking camera. We present the system using four cooperative safety applications: EEBL, IMA, BSW and LTA. Our results show that collaborative perception may indeed enhance perceived V2X market penetration. This conclusion is supported by comparing collaborative perception data with pure DSRC data. Even with a government mandate, it will take many years before enough vehicles have V2X devices on-board. This technology has the potential to enhance V2X market penetration, which will enable all its safety benefits.
The scope for energy saving in the EU through the use of energy-efficient electricity distribution transformers (2001)

The scope for saving energy in the EU through the use of energy-efficient distribution transformers, has been estimated at 22 TWh/year, worth 942 million Euros at 1999 prices. Despite the efficiency of individual units, up to 2% of total electricity generated is estimated to be lost in distribution transformers, nearly one-third of the overall losses from the transmission and distribution system. This is comparable in scope with the energy savings potential estimated for electric motors and classes of domestic appliances. It is equivalent to the annual energy consumption of 6 million homes, or the electricity produced by three nuclear power stations in Europe. Because of the long life span of distribution transformers, ultimate market penetration will only be achieved gradually. Despite this, the authors estimate that energy-efficient units could contribute 7 TWh of savings by 2010, representing 1% of the European commitment to reducing carbon emissions. (5 pages)
Fully 3D-printed carbon nanotube field emission electron sources with in-plane gate electrode (2019)

We report the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of the first fully additively manufactured carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission electron sources. The devices are created via direct ink writing (DIW)-one of the least expensive and most versatile additive manufacturing methods, capable of creating monolithic multi-material objects. The devices are 2.5 cm by 2.5 cm glass substrates coated with two imprints, i.e. a trace made of a CNT ink (the emitting electrode), symmetrically surrounded on both sides by a trace made of Ag microparticle ink (the in-plane extractor gate). The CNT ink is a mixture of (-COOH)-functionalized multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs), N,N-Dimethylformamide, and ethyl cellulose. Optimization of the formulation of the CNT ink resulted in a MWCNT concentration equal to 0.82 wt% and in imprints with an electrical resistivity equal to 0.78 Ω cm. 3D-printed devices having CNT imprints with active length equal to 25 mm (a single, straight trace with 174.5 μm gap between adjacent Ag microparticle imprints) and 135 mm (a square-loop spiral with 499 μm gap between Ag microparticle adjacent imprints) were characterized in a triode configuration (i.e. using an external anode electrode) at ∼2.5 × 10<sup>-7</sup> Torr, yielding emission currents as large as 120 μA (60 μA cm<sup>-2</sup>), start-up voltages as low as 62 V and gate transmission as high as 99%. The low-cost cold cathode technology is compatible with compact applications such as miniaturized mass spectrometry, handheld x-ray generation, and nanosatellite electric propulsion.
Inferring learning and attitudes from a Bayesian Network of log file data (2005)

A student's goals and attitudes while interacting with a tutor are typically unseen and unknowable. However their outward behavior (e.g. problem-solving time, mistakes and help requests) is easily recorded and can reflect hidden affect status. This research evaluates the accuracy of a Bayesian Network to infer a student's hidden attitude toward learning, amount learned and perception of the system from log-data. The long term goal is to develop tutors that self-improve their student models and their teaching, dynamically can adapt pedagogical decisions about hints and help improve student's affective, intellectual and learning situation based on inferences about their goals and attitude.
Fabricated aluminum rotor construction for induction motors (2002)

The selection of material for induction motor rotor conductors is an old question and has been the subject of numerous papers and other literature for many years. This paper presents a new process being used in the construction of aluminum conductor rotors and reviews rotor construction from a slightly different point of view. The comparison is viewed using simple engineering concepts to illustrate the value of fabricated aluminum construction. The results of this new process have been impressive, particularly for two-pole motors, making fabricated aluminum construction the designer's choice.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biochemical and anatomical redistribution of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease. (1993)

We have developed assays that distinguish tau protein incorporated into the core structure of the paired helical filament (PHF) from non-PHF tau protein in brain tissue, whether soluble or insoluble. The PHF content was 19-fold greater in Alzheimer's disease cases compared with cognitively intact controls, and in temporal cortex the difference was 40-fold. There was a threefold decrease in soluble tau protein in Alzheimer's disease cases compared with normal age-matched controls, the decrease being greatest in frontal cortex. The PHF content was closely correlated with the number of tau-immunoreactive dystrophic neurites in plaques and throughout the neuropil, whereas counts of neurofibrillary tangles were poorer predictors of PHF content. beta-Amyloid deposits correlated neither with PHF content nor with neurofibrillary pathology. These findings suggest that Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a substantial redistribution of available tau protein from free to PHF-incorporated fractions and that PHF accumulation may be important in neurites as well as tangles in predicting the extent of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.
Terazosin: A New Alpha Adrenoceptor Blocking Drug (1992)

Terazosin (Hytrin; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) is a new, selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking agent used on once-a-day basis for therapy of mild-to-moderate hypertension. Its pharmacologic properties are similar to those of prazosin. Terazosin however, differs from prazosin in that its water solubility is 25 times greater than that of prazosin and its elimination half-life is about three times that of prazosin. Greater water solubility facilitates intravenous formulation, and longer half-life allows once-daily administration of terazosin. Terazosin is effective in lowering blood pressure and has a beneficial effect on plasma lipid profile. The major advantage of terazosin compared with prazosin, however, is its long duration of action. Terazosin is safe and effective when used in combination with diuretics and other antihypertensive agents, and in the long-term treatment of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
United States Supersonic Transport Development Program - Sonic Boom and Noise Research (1965)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Performance objectives for the United States supersonic transport airplane provide for minimum sonic boom levels, and engine noise levels no greater than generated by current large subsonic jet aircraft.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A national program of sonic boom research has been pursued by the NASA, DOD, and FAA. A National Academy of Sciences committee is now providing guidance and counsel for this effort. Major recent sonic boom flight research programs, which have yielded extensive data, were the study of public reaction to sonic boom in the Oklahoma City area last year and the structural response program recently concluded at the White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. Findings in these two sonic boom programs are presented.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine noise, which has received attention since the inception of supersonic transport research and under design contracts, may be less for the SST than for current large subsonic jets under most conditions. A discussion of this subject is presented.</div>
Probabilistic FIFO Ordering in Publish/Subscribe Networks (2011)

In a best-effort publish/subscribe network, publications may be delivered out of order (e.g., violating FIFO order). We contend that the primary cause of such ordering violations is the parallel matching and forwarding process employed by brokers to achieve high throughput. In this paper, we present an end-to-end method to improve event ordering. The method involves the receiver and minimally the sender, but otherwise uses the broker network as a black box. The idea is to analyze the dynamics of the network, and in particular to measure the delivery delay and its variation, which is directly related to out-of-order delivery. With these measures, receivers can determine a near-optimal latch time to defer message delivery upon the detection of a hole in the message sequence number. We evaluate the performance of this ordering scheme empirically in terms of the reduction in out-of-order deliveries, the delay imposed by the latch time, and its automatic adaptability to variable network conditions and input loads.
Redox-Active Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes for Thermal Energy Harvesting (2016)

Thermoelectrochemical cells (TECs) are a promising and cost-effective approach to harvesting waste thermal energy. For the widespread uptake of this new technology and the development of flexible, leak-free devices, solidification of the redox electrolyte is key. Thus, here we report the first quasi-solid-state electrolyte incorporating the ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple within a cellulose matrix. The electrolyte with 5 wt % cellulose achieved an optimum balance of mechanical properties, Seebeck coefficients, and diffusion coefficients and supported power outputs comparable to those of the liquid electrolyte systems.
Suppression of Constitutive and Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB Activation and Induction of Apoptosis by Apigenin in Human Prostate Carcinoma PC-3 Cells: Correlation with Down-Regulation of NF-κB-Responsive Genes (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Development of androgen independence and resistance to apoptosis in prostate cancer are often correlated with high levels of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in these patients. The loss of sensitivity to TNF-α-induced apoptosis in androgen-insensitive prostate carcinoma cells is due in part to constitutive activation of Rel/nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factors that regulate several cell survival and antiapoptotic genes. Our previous studies have demonstrated growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of apigenin, a common plant flavonoid, in a variety of human prostate carcinoma cells. Here we examined whether apigenin is effective in inhibiting NF-κB expression in androgen-insensitive human prostate carcinoma cells exhibiting high constitutive levels of NF-κB. Experimental Design: Using androgen-insensitive human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells, the effect of apigenin was assessed on NF-κB activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and reporter gene assay. Expression of NF-κB subunits p65 and p50, IκBα, p-IκBα, in-beads kinase assay and NF-κB-regulated genes were determined by Western blot analysis. Apoptosis was determined by annexin V/propidium iodide staining after fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis. Results: Treatment of cells with 10–40-μm doses of apigenin inhibited DNA binding and reduced nuclear levels of the p65 and p50 subunits of NF-κB. Apigenin inhibited IκBα degradation and IκBα phosphorylation and significantly decreased IKKα kinase activity. Apigenin also inhibited TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB via the IκBα pathway, thereby sensitizing the cells to TNF-α-induced apoptosis. The inhibition of NF-κB activation correlated with a decreased expression of NF-κB-dependent reporter gene and suppressed expression of NF-κB-regulated genes [specifically, Bcl2, cyclin D1, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor]. Conclusions: Our results indicate that inhibition of NF-κB by apigenin may lead to prostate cancer suppression by transcriptional repression of NF-κB-responsive genes as well as selective sensitization of prostate carcinoma cells to TNF-α-induced apoptosis.
Thrombospondin Modulates OLv ~ 3 Function through Integrin-associated Protein (1996)

Abstract. Integrin-associated protein (IAP) is a receptor for the carboxyl-terminal &quot;cell-binding domain&quot; (CBD) of thrombospondin 1 (TS1). lAP associates with av[33 integrin and mAbs against lAP inhibit certain integrin functions. Here we examine the effects of the TS1 CBD and 4N1K (KRFYVVMWKK), a cell-binding peptide derived from it, on the adhesion and spreading on vitronectin (VN) of C32 human melanoma cells which express lAP, 0tv133, and avl35. Cells adhere to VN at low surface densities via etv[35 and spread very slowly while adhesion to higher density VN involves both etv135 and Otv[33 and results in rapid spreading. Spreading of the cells, but not adhesion, on sparse VN coatings is markedly enhanced by the presence of soluble TS1, the recombinant CBD and 4N1K, but not
Specific contact resistance measurements of ohmic contacts to semiconducting diamond (1995)

A simplified version of the specific contact resistance measurement scheme of G. K. Reeves [Solid State Electronics 23, 487 (1980)] has been developed. Its applicability to semiconducting diamond is demonstrated using four sample types: epitaxial films doped to mid 1019 acceptors/cm3 on 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 type IIa substrates; type IIb diamonds 0.25 mm thick, and type IIb diamonds thinned to 0.035–0.05 mm thick. The ohmic contacts were based on a solid-state annealing process using carbide forming metals. The measured specific contact resistance depends mainly on the doping level in the diamond. Measured values ranged from 8×10−6 Ω cm2 for heavily doped films to 1×10−2 Ω cm2 for lightly doped bulk samples. A simple analysis shows that the contacts to highly doped layers are suitable for device applications.
Roles of Pax-genes in developing and adult brain as suggested by expression patterns (1994)

We have examined the transcript distribution of six members of the murine paired box-containing gene family (Pax-gene family) in midgestation embryo and adult brain using in situ hybridization analysis. The expression domains of several Pax-genes in the embryo brain were found to correspond with anatomical boundaries that coincide with neuromere landmarks and therefore respect former neuromere territories in the forebrain. The results are consistent with the concept of brain segmentation and suggest a role for Pax-genes in the brain regionalization. In the adult brain the expression of Pax-genes was observed in discreet areas, with a caudal to rostral restriction in the number of the expressed genes. In general the distribution of transcripts along the anterior-posterior axis was similar to that found in midgestation embryo brain, suggesting a role for Pax-genes in the commitment of the precursor cells to different neuronal cell fates and in the maintenance of specific brain cell subtypes. In the cerebellar cortex, the granular cell layer was found to express high levels of the Pax-6 gene, while putative Bergmann glia and cells surrounding the Purkinje cells contained Pax-3 transcripts. The main adult brain structures that expressed distinct Pax-mRNAs were the periglomerular and granular cell layer of olfactory bulb, nuclei of the septum, amygdala, and isthmus, which suggests a role for the Pax-gene family in the specification of the subcortical domains of the evolutionary old limbic system.
Urine colour as an index of hydration in critically ill patients (1999)

In order to test the hypothesis that urine colour can be used as an index of hydration in critically ill patients, we selected 40 intensive care and high-dependency patients and correlated urine colour (scored on an eight-point scale) with various indices of hydration: urine:plasma sodium, osmolality and urea ratios, urine output and central venous pressure. In addition, we compared the colour-chart score with scores made by intensive care nurses (without the benefit of a colour chart) in order to test subjective assessment of urine colour. There were weak but statistically significant correlations between urine colour and urine output (Spearman's r = - 0.555) and between urine colour and urine:plasma sodium ratio (Spearman's r = - 0.459). Subjective assessment of urine colour appeared to be reliable. Thus, although urine colour does vary with hydration in the critically ill, assessment of urine colour adds little to the overall assessment of hydration in this group of patients.
Efficient frequency doubling of a vertical-extended-cavity surface-emitting laser diode by use of a periodically poled KTP crystal (2003)

Blue light with a cw power in excess of 42 mW is generated from a frequency-doubled, extended-cavity InGaAs/GaAs 980-nm surface-emitting laser by use of a periodically poled KTP crystal.
Expression of cytokeratin 20 in thyroid carcinomas and peripheral blood detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (2000)

We investigated a nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system to detect CK20 mRNA in thyroid carcinomas, benign thyroid diseases and peripheral blood to improve diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and to detect disseminated tumour cells. Frozen tissue samples of 46 thyroid carcinomas and 30 benign thyroid diseases (14 multinodular goiters, 14 follicular adenomas, two Hashimoto's thyroiditis) were obtained intraoperatively. Preoperative blood samples were drawn from 31 patients with thyroid cancer, nine patients with benign thyroid disorders and 20 healthy volunteers. Nine out of nine medullary, 9/12 follicular, 7/19 papillary and 2/6 anaplastic carcinomas expressed CK20 transcripts. CK20 mRNA was undetectable in 30 tissue sections of benign thyroid diseases. Circulating tumour cells were found in the blood of 3/8 patients with medullary carcinoma, 2/8 patients with follicular carcinoma, 2/11 patients with papillary carcinoma and 1/4 patients with an anaplastic carcinoma. Nine blood samples of patients with benign thyroid diseases and 20 healthy volunteers tested negative. For the first time CK20 mRNA could be detected in tissue sections of thyroid carcinomas and peripheral blood samples of patients with thyroid cancer. It was not detectable in benign thyroid diseases. Our results therefore strongly suggest that CK20 RT-PCR assays may improve the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and is able to detect circulating tumour cells in peripheral blood of thyroid carcinoma patients.
Hydroxyalkylsulfoxide — eine neue Tensidklasse (1968)

Abstract Hydroxyalkylsulfoxide sind durch Oxydation von Thioätheralkoholen, welche durch Addition von β‐Hydroxyäthylmerkaptan an α‐Olefine in glatter Reaktion entstehen, leicht zugänglich. Die Folgechemie sowie Eigenschaften der neuen Körper werden diskutiert.
Trilateral tumors in four different lines of transgenic mice expressing SV40 T-antigen. (1996)

Ocular tumors in these mice may be ascribed to the promoter-driven, tissue-specific expression of SV40 T-ag. The common finding of PNET arising from the subependymal layer of the diencephalon is unlikely to be promoter related. These findings indicate that a regulatory region specific to the subependymal layer of the cerebral aqueduct and third ventricle resides in the structural region of the SV40 T-ag gene.
Relative contribution of Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐dependent and Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐independent mechanisms to the regulation of insulin secretion by glucose (1998)

Although insulin secretion is usually regarded as a Ca2+-dependent mechanism, recent studies have suggested the existence of a Ca2+-independent pathway of regulation by glucose. Here, mouse islets were used to compare the contribution of Ca2+-dependent and -independent pathways. Glucose increased insulin release in a concentration-dependent manner both in a control medium, when it depolarizes beta cells and raises [Ca2+]i (triggering signal), and in the presence of 30 mM K+ and diazoxide, when it does not further raise [Ca2+]i but increases its efficacy on exocytosis. Both Ca2+-dependent responses were amplified by glucagon-like peptide-1+acetylcholine, and were strongly potentiated by forskolin+PMA. Under conditions of mild or stringent Ca2+ deprivation, glucose had no effect either alone or with GLP-1 and acetylcholine, and was poorly effective even during pharmacological activation of protein kinases A and C. Similar results were obtained with rat islets. It is concluded that physiological regulation of insulin release by glucose is essentially achieved through the two Ca2+-dependent pathways without significant contribution of a Ca2+-independent mechanism.