gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Properties of Nanosized Silver Colloidal Solution on Wool Fabric (2010)

This paper deals with the antibacterial efficacy of nanosized silver colloidal solution on the wool fabrics. Two kinds of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used. The morphologies, structures and antibacterial properties were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDAX and AATCC-100 test method. Transmission electron microscopy observation of silver nano particles showed the particles were very small (6-8 nm). Scanning electron micrographs of treated fabrics indicated silver nano particles were well dispersed on the surfaces of samples. EDAX patterns showed that the per cent of nanosized silver particles increased on the surface of samples with increase concentration of colloid solutions nano silver. The results prepared of antibacterial test method indicated excellent antibacterial effect on all specimens against S. aureus and E. coli.
Gene expression and viral prodution in latently infected, resting CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cells in viremic versus aviremic HIV-infected individuals (2003)

The presence of HIV-1 in latently infected, resting CD4(+) T cells has been clearly demonstrated in infected individuals; however, the extent of viral expression and the underlying mechanisms of the persistence of HIV-1 in this viral reservoir have not been fully delineated. Here, we show that resting CD4(+) T cells from the majority of viremic patients are capable of producing cell-free HIV-1 spontaneously ex vivo. The levels of HIV-1 released by resting CD4(+) T cells were not significantly reduced in the presence of inhibitors of cellular proliferation and viral replication. However, resting CD4(+) T cells from the majority of aviremic patients failed to produce virions, despite levels of HIV-1 proviral DNA and cell-associated HIV-1 RNA comparable to viremic patients. The DNA microarray analysis demonstrated that a number of genes involving transcription regulation, RNA processing and modification, and protein trafficking and vesicle transport were significantly upregulated in resting CD4(+) T cells of viremic patients compared to those of aviremic patients. These results suggest that active viral replication has a significant impact on the physiologic state of resting CD4(+) T cells in infected viremic patients and, in turn, allows release of HIV-1 without exogenous activation stimuli. In addition, given that no quantifiable virions were produced by the latent viral reservoir in the majority of aviremic patients despite the presence of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA, evidence for transcription of HIV-1 RNA in resting CD4(+) T cells of aviremic patients should not necessarily be taken as direct evidence for ongoing viral replication during effective therapy.
Attractive, weakly attractive, and repulsive near-critical systems (1989)

Mixtures composed of trace amounts of a solute in the vicinity of a solvent’s critical point exhibit one of three types of behavior: repulsive, weakly attractive, or attractive. Each regime is characterized by the signs of the diverging solute partial molar volume (and enthalpy), and of the correlations between solute and solvent concentration fluctuations at infinite dilution. Attractive behavior, in which the former quantity is negative and the latter positive, underlies all of the actual or proposed applications of supercritical fluids to processes ranging from precipitation polymerization to activated carbon regeneration. The presence of trace amounts of a solute within a solvent characterized by long-ranged density fluctuations gives rise to a cooperative phenomenon which, for attractive systems, involves the formation of a large solvent-rich region around each solute molecule. Likewise, for repulsive behavior, the cooperative phenomenon involves the formation of a large solvent-deficient region around each solute molecule. The calculated volume, enthalpy, and entropy changes per solvent molecule are very similar to the corresponding condensation (attractive behavior) and evaporation (repulsive behavior) effects for the pure solvent at subcritical temperatures. This suggests a qualitative description of near-critical cooperative phenomena as induced phase transitions.
High levels of <i>bcl</i>‐2 protein in circulating t lymphocytes, but not b lymphocytes, of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (1994)

Although the occurrence of circulating T lymphocytes with abnormally high bcl-2 expression is not specific for SLE, it is evidence for a dysregulation of lymphocytic programmed cell death in this autoimmune disease.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Characterizing Lung Masses (2016)

Contrast enhancement patterns and SI-time curve analysis of MRI are helpful in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lung masses.
Comparison of Substrate Specificities of Transglutaminases Using Synthetic Peptides as Acyl donors (2000)

Transglutaminase (TGase) is an enzyme that catalyzes acyl transfer reactions between primary amines and Gln residues in proteins or peptides. Substrate specificities of TGase, Ca2+-independent microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), and Ca2+-dependent tissue type transglutaminase from guinea pig liver (GTGase) and fish, Red sea bream (Pagrus major), liver (FTGase), for acyl donors were investigated using synthetic peptides containing Gln residues and Gln analogues with different lengths of side chain. MTGase dose not recognize the Gln analogues as a substrate and has strict substrate specificities toward L-Gln. Substrate peptides with a variety of sequences around the Gln residue, GXXQXXG (X=G, A, S, L, V, F, Y, R, N, E, L) were synthesized and used as acyl donors. As an acyl acceptor, the fluorescent reagent monodancyl cadaverine was used and the reactions analyzed with RP-HPLC. Substitution of the C-terminal of a Gln residue with a hydrophobic amino acid accelerated the reaction by GTGase and FTGase. N-terminal substitution of Gln residues had similar effects on the reaction by MTGase.
An Evolutionary Approach to Pre-Play Communication (1995)

We add a round of pre-play communication to a finite two-player game played by a population of players.Pre-play communication is cheap talk in the sense that it does not directly enter the payoffs.The paper characterizes the set of strategies that are stable with respect to a stochastic dynamic adaptive process.Periodically players have an opportunity to change their strategy with a strategy that is more successful against the current population.Any strategy that weakly improves upon the current poorest performer in the population enters with positive probability.When there is no conflict of interest between the players, only the efficient outcome is stable with respect to these dynamics.For general games the set of stable payoffs is typically large.Every efficient payoff recurs infinitely often.
Supplementary Creatine as a Treatment for Gyrate Atrophy of the Choroid and Retina (1981)

Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina is a disease characterized by progressive constriction of visual fields, a 10-fold to 20-fold elevation in plasma ornithine, and depressed activity of L-ornithine:2 oxoacid aminotransferase. Morphologically conspicuous but clinically unimportant atrophy of Type II muscle fibers progresses concomitantly with the eye disease. A pathogenic component of the disease may be deficient formation of creatine, caused by hyperornithinemia, which leads to a shortage of cellular phosphocreatine energy stores. To test the therapeutic value of replenishing the postulated deficiency of creatine, we supplemented the diet of seven patients with 1.5 g of creatine daily. During one year of this treatment the diameters of Type II muscle fibers increased from 34.1 +/- 7.1 to 49.9 +/- 7.0 micron (mean +/- S.D.) (P less than 0.001). There was no significant increase in the diameters of Type I fibers. The visual-field tests showed no further constriction during the therapy. Fundus photography revealed slow impairment at an age otherwise associated with rapid progression of the disease. These promising preliminary results need further evaluation with long-term follow-up studies.
A Review of Pharmacist Contributions to Diabetes Care in the United States (2009)

This paper summarizes the outcomes associated with pharmacist involvement in diabetes care in all pharmacy practice settings. Published literature was identified through a search of MEDLINE (1960 to September, week 1, 2008) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts using the search terms "pharmacist," "pharmaceutical care," and "diabetes mellitus." Only articles reporting clinical or behavior change outcomes were selected for review; papers written outside the United States and citations only in abstract form were not reviewed. The specific data extracted included the following: practice setting, model of care, roles of the pharmacist, study design, number of patients studied, duration of the evaluation, and documented outcomes such as changes in hemoglobin A(1c) values, adherence to standards of care (lipids, blood pressure, eye exams, foot exams, aspirin use), and changes in quality of life. The greatest improvements in hemoglobin A(1c) values tend to be observed when pharmacists work in collaborative practice models. Growing evidence demonstrates that pharmacists, working as educators, consultants, or clinicians in partnership with other health care professionals, are able to contribute to improved patient outcomes.
Field Testing of a Microcomputer-Controlled Snow Ski Binding (1985)

The novel ski binding used in this study, which has been field tested, incorporates a microcomputer controller and an integral binding/dynamometer. The microcomputer controller, designed as a research tool for field testing release decision theories, embodies the Intel 8086 microprocessor. This instrumentation system not only undertakes real-time control but also records transducer data by means of a miniature digital cassette tape recorder. The integral binding/dynamometer both directly measures all of the six boot load components and offers electromechanical release. To enable the user to operate the computer conveniently, extensive operating software was developed. The operating software is discussed in relation to both the acquisition and storage of data from the six-load-component dynamometer and the control of the electromechanical snow ski binding. The field test procedure consisted of both controlling the binding function and recording the transducer data as a test subject skied over a measured ten-turn slalom course. Despite the fact that the release decision theory simply compared quasi-static pain thresholds with measured axial torque and fore/aft bending moments, the binding satisfied both the release and retention requirements demanded by the tests. The recorded loading data were returned to the laboratory and analyzed. The first analysis consisted of generating time series plots of individual loading components. A second analysis consisted of simulating various release decision theories on a laboratory computer. These theories are evaluated in terms of their ability to meet both the release and the retention requirements.
Expanded Porphyrins (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Signal Recovery and Noise Removal with Memoryless Nonlinear Sensors (2003)

Proposed in this paper is the design of a new generation of memoryless nonlinear sensors. One of the most important parameters required in most sensor designs is an essentially linear output. However, nonlinearity is present in one form or another in almost all real sensors and therefore it is very difficult to achieve a truly linear relationship. An approach that utilizes certain characteristics of nonlinear sensor functions in order to compensate nonlinear distortion and to remove sensor noise by a few step iterative process is advocated. A signal recovery algorithm that implements this idea is developed. Not having an accurate sensor will result in errors and it is shown that the error can be minimized with a proper choice of a convergence parameter whereby stability of the developed algorithm is established.
Passive Ammonia SCR System for Lean-burn SIDI Engines (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Lean-burn Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) engines offer potential fuel economy savings, however, lack of cost-effective lean NOx aftertreatment systems has hindered its broad application. Lean NO</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"> Trap (LNT) and Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technologies have been widely investigated as possible solutions, but they both have considerable drawbacks. LNT catalysts suffer from high Platinum Group Metals (PGM) cost, poor thermal durability, sulfur poisoning and active SO</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"> regeneration requirements. Urea SCR systems require a secondary fluid tank with an injection system, resulting in added system cost and complexity. Other concerns for urea SCR include potential freezing of the urea solution and the need for customers to periodically fill the urea reservoir. In this paper we report a low-cost, high efficiency concept that has the potential to be a key enabler for lean-burn gasoline engines. The aftertreatment system includes a close-coupled three-way catalytic converter (TWC) and one or more underfloor SCR catalysts. NH₃ is formed on the TWC during short periods of rich engine operations and the generated NH₃ is then stored on the underfloor SCR catalysts. During the subsequent lean operations, the NO</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"> that breaks through the TWC converter is converted by the NH₃ stored on the SCR catalysts. Test results during the New European Driving Cycles (NEDC) showed that very high (≻85%) lean NO</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"> conversion efficiencies were achieved with aged converters. The potential and remaining issues of this new concept will be discussed. HC emission reduction is challenging due to the low exhaust temperatures. Further improvements in SCR catalyst technologies are required for high speed (≥100 km/h) lean operations. In summary, passive NH₃ SCR has been demonstrated as an efficient and low cost lean NO</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"> aftertreatment technology for stratified gasoline engines.</div></div>
Immediate and Long-Term Changes in Corticomotor Output in Response to Rehabilitation: Correlation with Functional Improvements in Chronic Stroke (2004)

The goal of this study was to determine whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures of the corticomotor pathways might reflect and predict functional improvements during rehabilitation of a hemiparetic upper extremity. Ten patients with variable levels of functional impairment in upper extremity use were enrolled at least 3 months after a stroke. TMS was used to obtain serial measures of motor thresholds and motor-evoked potential (MEP) size for a muscle from both hands before and after each session of an intervention aimed at improving functional motor control. Functional ability and cortical map area and volume were measured before each therapy session. At intake, all TMS measures from the affected side were impaired compared with the unaffected side but they did not reliably predict the level of functional improvement. Motor thresholds decreased, whereas MEP amplitude and map size increased with treatment. The amount of change in affected side measures was correlated with the amount of improvement in hand/arm function. Normalization of MEP amplitude asymmetry in response to the 1st 2 therapy sessions predicted long-term improvement in Fugl-Meyer motor score. Within limits, TMS appears to be useful in both moderate and more impaired patients as a physiological assay of treatment-induced plasticity and behavioral gains. Methodological differences in the literature, however, currently obscure a full understanding of the potential contributions of TMS to rehabilitation research.
Technology and Process Assessment of Using LADAR and Embedded Sensing for Construction Quality Control (2005)

Emerging LADAR and embedded sensing technologies are making inroads into the construction industry for quality control applications. Much of the research conducted and the practical usage to date have focused on a static snapshot evaluation of already constructed structures. A remaining question is how technologically feasible and applicable these technologies are for frequent inspection during construction. Researchers in the civil engineering, architecture, and robotics departments at Carnegie Mellon University are developing and evaluating a formalism for application of these technologies for supporting quality control on construction sites. This formalism consists of developing a formalism for planning inspections, collecting data, modeling as-built conditions, and reasoning with the as-built and as-designed models to detect deviations and defects on construction sites. A series of five case studies on commercial and light industrial construction sites were conducted within the context of that research to identify challenges and opportunities in using LADAR and embedded sensing technologies to support inspection and quality control processes on construction sites. Based on the experiences in these case studies, the authors present a technology and process assessment of the use of LADAR and embedded sensing frequently to support inspection and quality control on construction sites.
Sca-1 expression identifies stem cells in the proximal region of prostatic ducts with high capacity to reconstitute prostatic tissue (2005)

We previously showed that prostatic stem cells are concentrated in the proximal regions of prostatic ducts. We now report that these stem cells can be purified from isolated proximal duct regions by virtue of their high expression of the cell surface protein stem cell antigen 1 (Sca-1). In an in vivo prostate reconstitution assay, the purified Sca-1-expressing cell population isolated from the proximal region of ducts was more effective in generating prostatic tissue than a comparable population of Sca-1-depleted cells (203.0 +/- 83.1 mg vs. 11.9 +/- 9.2 mg) or a population of Sca-1-expressing cells isolated from the remaining regions of ducts (transit-amplifying cells) (31.9 +/- 24.1 mg). Almost all of the proliferative capacity of the proximal duct Sca-1-expressing cell population resides within the fraction of cells that express high levels of Sca-1 (top one-third), with the proximal region of prostatic ducts containing 7.2-fold more Sca-1(high) cells than the remaining regions. More than 60% of the high-expressing cells coexpress alpha6 integrin and the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, markers that are also characteristic of stem cells of other origins. Further stratification of the phenotype of the stem cells may enable the development of rational therapies for treating prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Remote sensing of Earth's atmosphere and surface using a digital array scanned interferometer: A new type of imaging spectrometer (1991)

The capabilities of the digital array scanned interferometer (DASI) class of instruments for measuring terrestrial radiation fields over the visible to mid-infrared are evaluated. DASI's are capable of high throughput, sensitivity and spectral resolution and have the potential for field-of-view spatial discrimination (an imaging spectrometer). The simplicity of design and operation of DASI's make them particularly suitable for field and airborne platform based remote sensing. The long term objective is to produce a versatile field instrument which may be applied toward a variety of atmospheric and surface studies. The operation of DASI and its advantages over other spectrometers are discussed.
EFFECT OF SNIFFING OF KENCUR (KAEMFERIA GALANGAL) ESSENTIAL OILS IN RATS (2014)

The purposes of this research were to separate constituent of kencur (Kaemferia galangal) essential oil and to evaluate their effects on rats by sniffing method. Separation of kencur essential oil by silica gel column chromatography resulted in 11 fractions and one pure compound. Based on GC-MS and NMR data, the pure compound was 2-propenoic acid, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl ester (EPMC) and fraction 2 consisted of δ-3-carene as a major component. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups, namely: normal group which consumed normal diet, negative control group which consumed high cholesterol diet without treatment, crude oil group, fraction 2 group and EPMC group which consumed high cholesterol diet with sniffing kencur crude oil, fraction 2 and EMPC, respectively. The results showed that the HDL, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rat’s blood which sniffed the oils for 5 weeks were significantly different for each group (P<0.05). In conclusion, fraction 2 which consisted of δ-3-carene had slimming effect while kencur crude essential oil and EPMC decreased the cholesterol and triglyceride level in rats’ blood.
System-Level Power Analysis Methodology Applied to the AMBA AHB Bus (2003)

The specification on power consumption of a digital system is extremely important due to the growing relevance of the market of portable devices and must be taken into account since the early phases of a complex System-on-Chip design. In this paper some guidelines are provided for the integration of the information on power consumption in the executable model of parameterized cores, with particular attention to the AMBA AHB bus. This will give important information for the analysis and choice between different design architectures driven by functional, timing and power constraints of the System-on-Chip.
A Cation-π Interaction in the Binding Site of the Glycine Receptor Is Mediated by a Phenylalanine Residue (2008)

Cys-loop receptor binding sites characteristically contain many aromatic amino acids. In nicotinic ACh and 5-HT3 receptors, a Trp residue forms a cation-pi interaction with the agonist, whereas in GABA(A) receptors, a Tyr performs this role. The glycine receptor binding site, however, contains predominantly Phe residues. Homology models suggest that two of these Phe side chains, Phe159 and Phe207, and possibly a third, Phe63, are positioned such that they could contribute to a cation-pi interaction with the primary amine of glycine. Here, we test this hypothesis by incorporation of a series of fluorinated Phe derivatives using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis. The data reveal a clear correlation between the glycine EC(50) value and the cation-pi binding ability of the fluorinated Phe derivatives at position 159, but not at positions 207 or 63, indicating a single cation-pi interaction between glycine and Phe159. The data thus provide an anchor point for locating glycine in its binding site, and demonstrate for the first time a cation-pi interaction between Phe and a neurotransmitter.