gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Alkylidenecyclopropane Amino Acid Derivatives for an Efficient Construction of the 6<i>H</i>-Pyrrolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]pyridine Skeleton (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNew Alkylidenecyclopropane Amino Acid Derivatives for an Efficient Construction of the 6H-Pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine SkeletonKarine Estieu, Renée Paugam, Jean Ollivier, Jacques Salaün, Franca M. Cordero, Andrea Goti, and Alberto BrandiView Author Information Laboratoire des Carbocycles (Associé au CNRS), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire d'Orsay Bât. 420, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France Dipartimento di Chimica Organica "UgoSchiff", Centro di Studio sulla Chimica e la Struttura dei Composti Eterociclici e loro Applicazioni, CNR Università degli Studi di Firenze, via G. Capponi 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 24, 8276–8277Publication Date (Web):November 28, 1997Publication History Received2 June 1997Published online28 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9709615https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9709615rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Cyclization,Organic compounds,Reaction products,Transition states Get e-Alerts
Business Models and Programming Choice: Digital Video Recorders Shaping the TV Industry (2005)

This paper focuses on the influence that Digital Video Recorders (DVRs) are expected to have on the business models and in particular the programming choice of TV stations and cable / satellite TV service providers. After presenting the theoretical underpinnings with respect to programming choice modeling for the TV industry, this work examines DVRs in detail covering their main product features, impacts on viewer behavior, and the current roll-out status. This paper then investigates how these DVR features impact earlier insights from programming choice modeling and how they lead to changed business models for TV stations. The paper concludes with a brief summary and a critical outlook for a TV industry business model.
Polymer Entrapment Powders for Topical Delivery (1992)

This paper discusses the importance of polymer entrapment powders for topical delivery. It focuses on microcapsule systems whose dimensions are <100 microns in size. A microentrapment system is any small particle in which a substance is held on the surface or within a dry powder substrate. Its uses include isolation of a material from its surroundings retardation of evaporation of a volatile compound control of the rate of release of a material olfactory masking increasing the selectivity of an adsorption or extraction process improving product stability or shelf life allowing the handling of a liquid or semi-solid as a dry solid and co-delivery of normally incompatible materials. In addition this paper cites the processes and limitations of microencapsulation. In terms of micromatrix processes it is highlighted that a micromatrix is an entrapment system in which the entrapped material is dissolved dispersed adsorbed or absorbed throughout the particle. Finally this paper describes a novel polymer entrapment system for topical use developed by PolyMedica Industries and trademarked as Chronosphere.
Automated single‐voxel proton MRS: Technical development and multisite verification (1994)

To improve clinical utility, an integrated method has been developed to automatically acquire and process single-voxel in vivo proton spectra on a 1.5 T clinical scanner. This method includes automated adjustment of linear shims using a very rapid modified simplex method, automated water suppression, and applies a water referencing scheme to correct for phase and residual eddy current effects. No operator intervention is required for the acquisition and processing of these pure-absorption spectra. This method was tested in a preliminary multisite trial to determine intersite and intrasite variability of metabolite ratio measurements. In a sample of over 100 examinations, the standard deviation of the ratios NAA:Cr, Cho:Cr, and ml:Cr were found to be under 15% when using this method, a substantially narrower range than has been found in studies relying on manual adjustment of the instrument and/or manual processing. This result indicates that automated setting of acquisition and processing parameters is of critical importance in the clinical application of in vivo spectroscopy.
Homoleptic Lanthanide Alkyl and Amide Precatalysts Efficiently Mediate Intramolecular Hydrophosphination/Cyclization. Observations on Scope and Mechanism (2003)

Homoleptic lanthanide alkyls of the form Ln[CH(SiMe3)2]3 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Y, Lu) and amides of the form Ln[N(SiMe3)2]3 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Y) serve as efficient precatalysts for intramolecular homogeneous hydrophosphination. Both phosphinoalkynes and phosphinoalkenes undergo cyclization to the corresponding heterocyclic structures.
Antithrombotic Effect of the Ethanol Extract of Angelica gigas Nakai (AGE 232) (2021)

Cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, are the most common causes of death in developed countries. Ischemic stroke accounts for 85% of the total cases and is caused by abnormal thrombus formation in the vessels, causing deficient blood and oxygen supply to the brain. Prophylactic treatments include the prevention of thrombus formation, of which the most used is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA); however, it is associated with a high incidence of side effects. <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai (AG) is a natural herb used to improve blood circulation via anti-platelet aggregation, one of the key processes involved in thrombus formation. We examined the antithrombotic effects of AGE 232, the ethanol extract of <i>A. gigas</i> Nakai. AGE 232 showed a significant reduction in death or paralysis in mice caused by collagen/epinephrine-induced thromboembolism in a dose-dependent manner and inhibition of collagen-induced human platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, AGE 232-treated mice did not show severe bleeding in the gut compared to ASA-treated mice. AGE 232 resulted in a decrease in the number of neutrophils attached to the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and lower inhibition of COX-1 in response to bleeding and damage to blood vessels, a major side effect of ASA. Therefore, AGE 232 can prevent thrombus formation and stroke.
Purification of a Novel Flavoprotein Involved in the Thyroid NADPH Oxidase (1999)

Hydrogen peroxide is the final electron acceptor for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormone catalyzed by thyroperoxidase at the apical surface of thyrocytes. Pig and human thyroid plasma membrane contain a Ca(2+)-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase that generates H(2)O(2) by transferring electrons from NAD(P)H to molecular oxygen. We purified from pig thyroid plasma membrane a flavoprotein which constitutes the main, if not the sole, component of the thyroid NAD(P)H oxidase. Microsequences permitted the cloning of porcine and human full-length cDNAs encoding, respectively, 1207- and 1210-amino acid proteins with a predicted molecular mass of 138 kDa (p138(Tox)). Human and porcine p138(Tox) have 86.7% identity. The strongest similarity was to a predicted polypeptide encoded by a Caenorhabditis cDNA and with rbohA, a protein involved in the Arabidopsis NADPH oxidase. p138(Tox) shows also similarity to the p65(Mox) and to the gp91(Phox) in their C-terminal region and have consensus sequences for FAD- and NADPH-binding sites. Compared with gp91(Phox), p138(Tox) shows an extended N-terminal containing two EF-hand motifs that may account for its calcium-dependent activity, whereas three of four sequences implicated in the interaction of gp91(Phox) with the p47(Phox) cytosolic factor are absent in p138(Tox). The expression of porcine p138(Tox) mRNA analyzed by Northern blot is specific of thyroid tissue and induced by cyclic AMP showing that p138(Tox) is a differentiation marker of thyrocytes. The gene of human p138(Tox) has been localized on chromosome 15q15.
Thermal and oxidative degradation of polymers (1964)

Abstract Oxidation of many polymers occurs by a free‐radical, chain mechanism similar to that developed for the oxidation of volatile hydrocarbons. The rate at which various polymers oxidize and the extent of the reaction is influenced both by the physical and by the chemical structure of the particular polymer. Important morphological changes may also occur as a result of oxidation. Polymer degradation by oxidative reactions can be inhibited effectively at several stages in the over‐all reaction. Synergistic combinations in which each component of a stabilizer system inhibits primarily at one of these stages are particularly effective.
A robust realtime reading-skimming classifier (2012)

Distinguishing whether eye tracking data reflects reading or skimming already proved to be of high analytical value. But with a potentially more widespread usage of eye tracking systems at home, in the office or on the road the amount of environmental and experimental control tends to decrease. This in turn leads to an increase in eye tracking noise and inaccuracies which are difficult to address with current reading detection algorithms. In this paper we propose a method for constructing and training a classifier that is able to robustly distinguish reading from skimming patterns. It operates in real time, considering a window of saccades and computing features such as the average forward speed and angularity. The algorithm inherently deals with distorted eye tracking data and provides a robust, linear classification into the two classes read and skimmed. It facilitates reaction times of 750ms on average, is adjustable in its horizontal sensitivity and provides confidence values for its classification results; it is also straightforward to implement. Trained on a set of six users and evaluated on an independent test set of six different users it achieved a 86% classification accuracy and it outperformed two other methods.
Unified view of channel estimation in MIMO-OFDM systems (2005)

This paper provides a unified view of time-domain and frequency-domain least square (LS) channel estimation in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Time-domain and frequency-domain LS channel estimation are formulated under the same framework and their average mean square error (MSE) lower bounds for arbitrary number of transmit antennas and arbitrary number of pilot symbols are derived. Moreover, general optimum pilot design rules are developed to achieve average MSE lower bounds for time-domain and frequency-domain LS channel estimation, respectively. Their applicable conditions and computational complexity are also investigated and compared. It can be shown by theory and simulation that time-domain LS channel estimation is equivalent to frequency-domain LS channel estimation with discrete-time Fourier transform (DFT) improvement, but time-domain LS channel estimation has boarder applicable condition.
Learning and Analysis of Damping Factor in Massive MIMO Detection Using BP Algorithm With Node Selection (2020)

In a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, belief propagation (BP) detection is known as a method to separate and detect received signals. In BP detection, a MIMO channel is represented by a factor graph and the transmitted symbols are estimated by message passing. However, the convergence property of BP deteriorates due to multiple loops included in the MIMO channel. As a method to improve the convergence property and the detection performance, the damped BP that averages two successive messages with a weighing factor (called damping factor) is known. To train the damping factors off-line for each antenna configuration, deep neural network-based damped BP (DNN-dBP) has been reported. The problem with DNN-dBP is that the detection performance deteriorates when there is a difference of the channel correlation between training and test. This is because the optimal damping factors vary with the channel correlation. In this paper, to solve this issue, we derive the damping factors of BP with the node selection (NS) method that selects nodes to be updated to lower spatial correlation using DNN-dBP. By applying the NS method, the channel correlation among the selected nodes in BP detection is lowered. Therefore, the proposed method can improve the detection performance deterioration due to the mismatches of the channel correlations between training and test in DNN-dBP. In addition, the convergence property of BP is improved by applying the NS method. Therefore, the proposed method has the same detection performance with low computational complexity as the conventional DNN-dBP. By computer simulation, it is shown that the proposed method significantly improves the bit error rate (BER) performance deterioration due to the mismatches of the channel correlations between training and test in DNN-dBP. The results also show that the proposed method can show the same BER performance with low computational complexity as the conventional DNN-dBP. We also investigate the distribution of the trained damping factors and evaluate the tendency of that.
Radio-frequency Heating of Magnetic Nanoparticles (2012)

In the present study, a power supply capable of converting a direct current into an alternating current was built. The frequency of oscillation of the output current could be varied from 174.8 kHz to 726.0 kHz by setting a set of capacitors in resonance. To this power supply is attached a 20-turns copper coil in the shape of a spiral. Because of the high heat generated in the coil, the latter has to be permanently water-cooled. A vacuum pump removes the air between the sample holder and the coil. A fiber optic temperature sensor with an accuracy of 0.001 K was used to measure the temperature of the nanoparticles. Four ferromagnetic nanoparticles (CoFe_2O_4, NiFe_2O_4, Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe_2O_4, Co_0.4Ni_0.4Zn_0.2Fe_2O_4) with different magnetic properties were subjected to heating. The heating performance is given by the specific power loss (SPL) which was calculated from the initial slope of the heating curve whereby there is minimum heat loss to the surroundings and the highest SPL was obtained when magnetic field and frequency were highest at 20.6 μT and 348.0 kHz, respectively. When the frequency was changed from 174.8 to 348.0 kHz, the SPL value was double indicating a one-to-one relationship between the frequency and the SPL. No such relationships were found when the magnetic field was increased from 13.8 μT to 20.6 μT. There is also a coercivity and remanent magnetization dependence on the SPL and both of them obey an inverse law. We found that the SPL for Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe_2O_4 (GPZ4) was 1.09 ± 0.02 W/g2. Moreover, the sample CoFe_2O_4 (GPZ11) with the highest power loss density (12250 J/m3) measured by the variable sample magnetometer was found to have the lowest SPL (0.135 ± 0.002 W/g2) in the lot. The magnetic field inside the coil is only a fraction the VSM, so when the low magnetic field was turned on, the hysteresis loop opened only to the extent of the minor loop.
Thermally Controlled Magnetization Microrelay (2005)

A novel micro-mechanical relay using a thermally controlled magnetization actuator has been developed. The actuator is actuated by heating it with integrated titanium film heaters which changes its local magnetization, thus realizing a simple structure without an electromagnetic coil. The microrelay uses installed permanent magnets to achieve self-latching. It was fabricated by nickel electroplating; its estimated generated force is about 60 /spl mu/N. The heating time needed to reduce its magnetization is less than 10 milli-seconds, so the switching speed is comparable to that of a conventional mechanical relay.
Specific IgE responses in human strongyloidiasis. (1986)

IgE antibodies directed against Strongyloides stercoralis larval antigens were measured by a newly developed radioallergosorbant test (RAST). One hundred and fifty-two samples of sera from patients with parasitologically proven S. stercoralis infection were tested. One hundred and thirty-six of these (89.5%) were positive for parasite-specific IgE. Of 50 presumably non-infected North American adult control sera, 49 (98%) were negative. All sera from patients with other parasites were negative, except for two sera from subjects with Ascaris lumbricoides, who exhibited low positivity. Of eight sera from non-infected patients with allergies and high IgE levels, one was weakly positive, and the other seven were negative. Considerable individual variability was present in the levels of specific IgE as measured by the RAST in the infected patients. Significant differences were also found among the three major demographic groups which composed our study population, with Asians having higher values than Latin Americans and the latter having higher values than North American patients. We conclude that the majority of patients with strongyloidiasis develop IgE antibodies directed against antigens from filariform larvae, the invasive form of the parasite. While the functional significance of this response remains to be defined, the RAST for IgE may be a useful adjunct in the immunological evaluation of these patients.
Lymph-node staining with activated carbon CH40: a new method for axillary lymph-node dissection in breast cancer. (2000)

The use of the CH40 technique has two technical advantages; one is that it allows surgeons to locate the blackened lymph nodes at the time of surgery and the other is that it allows pathologists to look for the nodes in fatty tissue. Lymph-node dissection with the aid of activated carbon particles is inexpensive, easy to perform and enables the smallest lymph nodes to be easily recognized. CH40 is the technique of choice for the detection of axillary lymph nodes in cases where the number of lymph nodes detected by the traditional method is too small for accurate surgery. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that CH40 could be an appropriate tool for more accurate staging of breast cancer axillary specimens.
Evolution of ring-field systems in microlithography (1998)

Offner's ring-field all-reflecting triplet was the first successful projection system used in microlithography. It evolved over several generations, increasing NA and field size, reducing the feature sizes printed from three down to one micron. Because of its relative simplicity, large field size and broad spectral bandwidth it became the dominant optical design used in microlithography until the early 1980's, when the demise of optical lithography was predicted. Rumours of the death of optics turned out to be exaggerated; what happened instead was a metamorphosis to more complex optical designs. A reduction ring-field system was developed, but the inevitable loss of concentricity led to a dramatic increase in complexity. Higher NA reduction projection optics have therefore been full-field, either all-refracting or catadioptric using a beamsplitter and a single mirror. At the present time, the terminal illness of optical lithography is once again being prognosed, but now at 0.1 micro feature sizes early in the next millenium. If optics has a future beyond that, it lies at wavelengths below the practical transmission cut-off of all refracting materials. Scanning all-reflecting ring-field systems are therefore poised for a resurgence, based on their well-established advantage of rotational symmetry and consequent small aberration variations over a small, annular field. This paper explores some such designs that potentially could take optical lithography down to the region of 0.025 micron features.
Spectroscopic characterization of microorganisms by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (2005)

Spectroscopic fingerprints of bacteria were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy for the elucidation of chemical composition and structural information during growth. Good differentiation of six microorganisms was achieved down to the strain level. The inherent compositional and structural differences of cell envelopes and cytoplasm were investigated and utilized to obtain more detailed analysis of the spectroscopic features. Bands or regions of key functional groups were also identified in the original spectra. Microspectroscopic monitoring of bacterial growth demonstrated that FTIR spectroscopy cannot only provide molecular fingerprints of the cell envelope, but also compositional and metabolic information of the cytoplasm under different physiological conditions. This approach could be an effective alternative to traditional nutritional and biochemical methods to monitor and assess the effects of inhibitors and other environmental factors on microbial cell growth.
Bit-error Rate Performance of Nyquist Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying Optical Signals (2011)

We measure bit-error rates of polarization-multiplexed Nyquist-WDM QPSK signals, which have rectangular spectral shapes and channel spacing equal to the symbol rate. The spectral efficiency of 4 bit/s/Hz is achieved with negligible power penalty.
Bile Acid Receptor Activation Modulates Hepatic Monocyte Activity and Improves Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2013)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a large proportion of the American population. The spectrum of disease ranges from bland steatosis without inflammation to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Bile acids are critical regulators of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism and signal through two major receptor pathways: farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, and TGR5, a G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (GPBAR1). Both FXR and TGR5 demonstrate pleiotropic functions, including immune modulation. To evaluate the effects of these pathways in NAFLD, we treated obese db/db mice with a dual FXR/TGR5 agonist (INT-767) for 6 weeks. Treatment with the agonist significantly improved the histological features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Furthermore, treatment increased the proportion of intrahepatic monocytes with the anti-inflammatory Ly6C(low) phenotype and increased intrahepatic expression of genes expressed by alternatively activated macrophages, including CD206, Retnla, and Clec7a. In vitro treatment of monocytes with INT-767 led to decreased Ly6C expression and increased IL-10 production through a cAMP-dependent pathway. Our data indicate that FXR/TGR5 activation coordinates the immune phenotype of monocytes and macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo, identifying potential targeting strategies for treatment of NAFLD.