gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clear Brine Drilling Fluids: A Study of Penetration Rates, Formation Damage, and Wellbore Stability in Full-Scale Drilling Tests (1986)

Summary The performance of CaCl2/CaBr2 clear brine fluid was compared with that of lignosulfonate-water-based and oil-invert-emulsion-based fluids in a series of full-scale laboratory drilling tests. Sandstone and shale rock samples were drilled with a clean CaCl2/CaBr2 brine, a solids-contaminated CaCl2/CaBr2 brine, a water mud, and an oil mud, all at 13-lbm/gal [1558-kg/m3] density. Penetration rates were measured under various conditions of weight on bit, fluid flow rate, and differential wellbore/pore pressure. Drilling fluid filtration into the sandstone was measured under both drilling and circulating (nondrilling) conditions. After drilling, 2-in. [5.08-cm] radial cores taken from the sandstone specimens were studied for permeability damage caused by the drilling fluids. In a separate test, shale specimens were exposed to circulating drilling fluids to examine wellbore stability effects.
New Developments and Applications of the MP2RAGE Sequence - Focusing the Contrast and High Spatial Resolution R1 Mapping (2013)

MR structural T1-weighted imaging using high field systems (>3T) is severely hampered by the existing large transmit field inhomogeneities. New sequences have been developed to better cope with such nuisances. In this work we show the potential of a recently proposed sequence, the MP2RAGE, to obtain improved grey white matter contrast with respect to conventional T1-w protocols, allowing for a better visualization of thalamic nuclei and different white matter bundles in the brain stem. Furthermore, the possibility to obtain high spatial resolution (0.65 mm isotropic) R1 maps fully independent of the transmit field inhomogeneities in clinical acceptable time is demonstrated. In this high resolution R1 maps it was possible to clearly observe varying properties of cortical grey matter throughout the cortex and observe different hippocampus fields with variations of intensity that correlate with known myelin concentration variations.
Disruption of local retinoid‐mediated gene expression accompanies abnormal development in the mammalian olfactory pathway (1997)

We have evaluated the role of retinoid signaling in the early development of the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. When retinoid-mediated gene expression is blocked briefly in mouse embryos at midgestation with citral (a general alcohol dehydrogenase antagonist that is thought to interfere with retinoid synthesis), the spectrum of morphogenetic abnormalities includes disruption of olfactory pathway development. It is difficult, however, to assess the specificity of this pharmacological manipulation, insofar as it also compromises several other aspects of central nervous system development. In homozygous Pax6 mutant mice (small eye: Pax6Sey-Neu), there is a more discrete lesion to the olfactory pathway: The epithelium and bulb cannot be recognized at any time during development, whereas other forebrain subdivisions can still be recognized. This loss of the entire primary olfactory pathway is accompanied by a failure of retinoid-mediated gene expression limited to the frontonasal region and forebrain. Retinoid receptors are expressed in the forebrain of Pax6Sey-Neu/Pax6Sey-Neu embryos, and the mutant forebrain remains responsive to exogenous retinoic acid. However, in Pax6Sey-Neu/Pax6Sey-Neu embryos, retinoic acid (RA) is not produced by the frontonasal mesenchyme, which normally provides local retinoid signals to the placode and forebrain. Together, these results suggest that local retinoid signaling is essential for the normal development of the mammalian olfactory pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 379:171–184, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Model-based Design of Clinical Information Systems (2008)

The model-based approach shows great promise for developing, simulating, and evolving clinical information systems with formal properties and policy restrictions.
Humidity Sensing Properties of the Sensor Based on V‐doped Nanoporous Ti<sub>0.9</sub>Sn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Thin Film (2012)

Abstract Vanadium doped nanoporous Ti 0.9 Sn 0.1 O 2 thin film has been prepared on an alumina substrate by sol‐gel method with Pluronic P123 as the organic template, and humidity sensing properties of it has been investigated. It is found that V‐doped nanoporous Ti 0.9 Sn 0.1 O 2 thin film shows good humidity sensing properties, and impendence of it decreases more than four orders of magnitude in the relative humidity (RH) range of 11%–95% at 25°C. The response and recovery time of this sensor are about 13 and 17 s, respectively. High sensitivity, narrow hysteresis loop, rapid response and recovery, prominent stability and good repeatability are obtained. A possible mechanism is suggested to explain the humidity sensitive properties.
Chip hierarchical design system (CHDS) (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Chip hierarchical design system (CHDS): a foundation for timing-driven physical design into the 21st century Authors: R. G. Bushroe SEMATECH, 2706 Montopolis Drive, Austin, Texas SEMATECH, 2706 Montopolis Drive, Austin, TexasView Profile , S. DasGupta IBM Corporation, 11400 Burnett Road, Austin, Texas IBM Corporation, 11400 Burnett Road, Austin, TexasView Profile , A. Dengi Motorola Inc., 3501 Ed Bluestein Blvd., Austin, Texas Motorola Inc., 3501 Ed Bluestein Blvd., Austin, TexasView Profile , P. Fisher SEMATECH, 2706 MontopolIs Drive, Austin, Texas SEMATECH, 2706 MontopolIs Drive, Austin, TexasView Profile , S. Grout SEMATECH, 2706 MontopolIs Drive, Austin, Texas SEMATECH, 2706 MontopolIs Drive, Austin, TexasView Profile , G. Ledenbach SEMATECH, 2706 MontopolIs Drive, Austin, Texas SEMATECH, 2706 MontopolIs Drive, Austin, TexasView Profile , N. S. Nagaraj SEMATECH, 2706 MontopolIs Drive, Austin, Texas SEMATECH, 2706 MontopolIs Drive, Austin, TexasView Profile , R. Steele SEMATECH, 2706 MontopolIs Drive, Austin, Texas SEMATECH, 2706 MontopolIs Drive, Austin, TexasView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISPD '97: Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Physical designApril 1997 Pages 212–217https://doi.org/10.1145/267665.267720Online:01 April 1997Publication History 16citation215DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations16Total Downloads215Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
An improved adaptive wiener filtering algorithm for super-resolution (2009)

Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association 2009 Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA ASC 2009, Sapporo, 4-7 October 2009
Gabapentin Is a First Line Drug for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Spinal Cord Injury (2004)

Gabapentin can be added to the list of first-line medications for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury patients. It is a promising new agent and offers advantages over currently available treatments.
Optical fiber up-tapers with high beam expansion ratios for component fabrication (1989)

Optical fibre up-tapers with beam expansion ratios of 10, about twice the previously achieved value for the same taper outer diameter, have been fabricated and characterized. The increased beam expansion is achieved with a near step-index profile for the core of the taper. The excess coupling loss between two tapers is less than 0.1 dB. A lateral offset of more than 20 mu m or an axial displacement of 4 mm between tapers caused an excess loss of 1 dB. The angular tolerance for this loss is a manageable 0.3 degrees . These tapers permit, for a given beam expansion ratio, the manufacture of smaller outer diameter, more compact structures of self-aligned beam expansion. They also permit the insertion of optical elements into the expanded beam for the fabrication of inline single-mode passive fiber components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Conserved and Unique Genetic Architecture of Kernel Size and Weight in Maize and Rice (2017)

Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) is a major staple crop. Maize kernel size and weight are important contributors to its yield. Here, we measured kernel length, kernel width, kernel thickness, hundred kernel weight, and kernel test weight in 10 recombinant inbred line populations and dissected their genetic architecture using three statistical models. In total, 729 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified, many of which were identified in all three models, including 22 major QTLs that each can explain more than 10% of phenotypic variation. To provide candidate genes for these QTLs, we identified 30 maize genes that are orthologs of 18 rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) genes reported to affect rice seed size or weight. Interestingly, 24 of these 30 genes are located in the identified QTLs or within 1 Mb of the significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We further confirmed the effects of five genes on maize kernel size/weight in an independent association mapping panel with 540 lines by candidate gene association analysis. Lastly, the function of <i>ZmINCW1</i>, a homolog of rice <i>GRAIN INCOMPLETE FILLING1</i> that affects seed size and weight, was characterized in detail. <i>ZmINCW1</i> is close to QTL peaks for kernel size/weight (less than 1 Mb) and contains significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms affecting kernel size/weight in the association panel. Overexpression of this gene can rescue the reduced weight of the Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) homozygous mutant line in the <i>AtcwINV2</i> gene (Arabidopsis ortholog of <i>ZmINCW1</i>). These results indicate that the molecular mechanisms affecting seed development are conserved in maize, rice, and possibly Arabidopsis.
A multi-agent architecture for situation awareness (2002)

The paper describes an architecture of a system for assisting an aircraft crew in enhancing its situation awareness by creating a complete surveillance picture of the environment in real time. The architecture is based on the framework of the multi agent technology where tasks are solved cooperatively among heterogeneous intelligent agents; each performs one defined function. This architecture offers a number of advantages such as synergy, scalability, reusability, reliability.
Incorporating Desirable Genetic Characteristics From an Inferior Into a Superior Population Using Genomic Selection (2008)

Resistance to specific diseases may be improved by crossing a recipient line with a donor line (a distantly related strain) that is characterized by the desirable trait. However, considerable losses in the total merit index are expected when crossing recipient and donor lines. Repeated backcrossing with the recipient line will improve total merit index, but usually at the expense of the newly introgressed disease resistance, especially if this is due to polygenic effects rather than to a known single major QTL. This study investigates the possibilities for a more detailed introgression program based on marker-trait associations using dense marker genotyping and genomic selection. Compared with classical selection, genomic selection increased genetic gain, with the largest effect on low heritability traits and on traits not recorded on selection candidates (due to within-family selection). Further, within a wide range of economic weights and initial differences in the total merit index between donor and recipient lines, genomic selection produced backcrossed lines that were similar or better than the purebred lines within three to five generations. When using classical selection in backcrossing schemes, the long-term genetic contribution of the donor line was low. Hence, such selection schemes would usually perform similarly to simple purebreeding selection schemes.
Influence of dislocations on the phase transition of TGS (1988)

Abstract The influence of different dislocation densities on the temperature behaviour of linear and nonlinear elastic, dielectric and electromechanical coefficients was investigated in the paraelectric phase of TGS.
Investigations into the analytical chemistry of tantalum, niobium, and their mineral associates. XXIII. The quantitative separation of tantalum, niobium, titanium, and zirconium, and a new analytical grouping (1932)

W. R. Schoeller and A. R. Powell, Analyst, 1932, 57, 550 DOI: 10.1039/AN9325700550
Modulations in lipid A and phospholipid biosynthesis pathways influence outer membrane protein assembly in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K‐12 (1998)

The assembly defect of a mutant outer membrane protein, OmpF315, can be corrected by suppressor mutations that lower lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and indirectly elevate phospholipid levels. One such assembly suppressor mutation, asmB1, is an allele of lpxC (envA) whose product catalyses the first rate-limiting step in the lipid A (LPS) biosynthesis pathway. Besides reducing LPS levels, asmB1 confers sensitivity to MacConkey medium. A mutation, sabA1, that reverses the MacConkey sensitivity phenotype of asmB1 maps within fabZ (whose product is needed for phospholipid synthesis from a precursor) is also required for lipid A synthesis. In addition to reversing MacConkey sensitivity, the sabA1 mutation reverses the OmpF315 assembly suppression phenotype of asmB1. These results show that OmpF315 assembly suppression by asmB1, which is achieved by lowering LPS levels, can be averted by a subsequent aberration in phospholipid synthesis at a point where the biosynthetic pathways for these two lipid molecules split. OmpF315 assembly suppression can also be achieved in an asmB+ background where FabZ expression is increased. The data obtained in this study provide genetic evidence that elevated phospholipid levels and/or phospholipid to LPS ratios are necessary for assembly suppression.
A Highly Selective Colorimetric and Ratiometric Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Fluoride Ion Detection (2011)

A naphthalimide-based highly selective colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for the fluoride ion displayed both one- and two-photon ratiometric changes. Upon reaction with the F(-) (TBA(+) and Na(+) salts) anion in CH(3)CN as well as in aqueous buffer solution, probe 1 shows dramatic color changes from colorless to jade-green and remarkable ratiometric fluorescence enhancements signals. These properties are mechanistically ascribed to a fluoride-triggered Si-O bond cleavage that resulted in a green fluorescent 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide.
The human CAS protein which is homologous to the CSE1 yeast chromosome segregation gene product is associated with microtubules and mitotic spindle. (1996)

Human CAS cDNA contains a 971-aa open reading frame that is homologous to the essential yeast gene CSE1. CSE1 is involved in chromosome segregation and is necessary for B-type cyclin degradation in mitosis. Using antibodies to CAS, it was shown that CAS levels are high in proliferating and low in nonproliferating cells. Here we describe the distribution of CAS in cells and tissues analyzed with antibodies against CAS. CAS is an approximately 100-kDa protein present in the cytoplasm of proliferating cells at levels between 2 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(6) molecules per cell. The intracellular distribution of CAS resembles that of tubulin. In interphase cells, anti-CAS antibody shows microtubule-like patterns and in mitotic cells it labels the mitotic spindle. CAS is removed from microtubules by mild detergent treatment (cytoskeleton preparations) and in vincristine- or taxol-treated cells. CAS is diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm with only traces present in tubulin paracrystals or bundles. Thus, CAS appears to be associated with but not to be an integral part of microtubules. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen tissues shows elevated amounts of CAS in proliferating cells such as testicular spermatogonia and cells in the basal layer cells of the colon. CAS was also concentrated in the respiratory epithelium of the trachea and in axons and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. These cells contain many microtubules. The cellular location of CAS is consistent with an important role in cell division as well as in ciliary movement and vesicular transport.
Tissue pH Measurement by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging (2006)

Noninvasive techniques for measurement of tissue pH can be invaluable in assessing disease extent and response to therapy in a variety of pathological conditions, such as renal acidosis and alkalosis, and cancers. We present the details of three techniques for noninvasive measurement of tissue pH: magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques exploit the pH-sensitivity of three different molecules, 3-aminopropylphosphonate (3-APP), (+/-) 2-imidazole-1-yl-3-ethoxycarbonyl propionic acid (IEPA), and 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(acetamidomethylenephosphonic acid) (Gd-DOTA-4AmP), to examine local extracellular pH in vivo. The level of detail presented will enable nonnovice users of MRS and MRI to reproduce these methodologies in their own laboratories.
Groupwise Multichannel Image Registration (2018)

Multichannel image registration is an important challenge in medical image analysis. Multichannel images result from modalities such as dual-energy CT or multispectral microscopy. Besides, multichannel feature images can be derived from acquired images, for instance, by applying multiscale feature banks to the original images to register. Multichannel registration techniques have been proposed, but most of them are applicable to only two multichannel images at a time. In the present study, we propose to formulate multichannel registration as a groupwise image registration problem. In this way, we derive a method that allows the registration of two or more multichannel images in a fully symmetric manner (i.e., all images play the same role in the registration procedure), and therefore, has transitive consistency by definition. The method that we introduce is applicable to any number of multichannel images, any number of channels per image, and it allows to take into account correlation between any pair of images and not just corresponding channels. In addition, it is fully modular in terms of dissimilarity measure, transformation model, regularisation method, and optimisation strategy. For two multimodal datasets, we computed feature images from the initially acquired images, and applied the proposed registration technique to the newly created sets of multichannel images. MIND descriptors were used as feature images, and we chose total correlation as groupwise dissimilarity measure. Results show that groupwise multichannel image registration is a competitive alternative to the pairwise multichannel scheme, in terms of registration accuracy and insensitivity towards registration reference spaces.
Chapter 6.2 – Six-Membered Ring Systems: Diazines and Benzo Derivatives (2015)

Found in natural products, and frequently used as flavoring agents or as building blocks for pharmaceuticals, diazines and their benzo derivatives possess a diverse set of properties, allowing a broad range of applications, spanning from medicinal chemistry to electrochemistry. New diazine-based natural products continue to be isolated and studied. In addition, new syntheses, reactions, and applications of diazine-based compounds are reported every year. Recent advances in the development of new preparations, reactions, and applications of diazines and their benzo derivatives as well as the discovery of new diazine-based natural products, published in the literature in 2014, are discussed in this review.
Transfer RNA Modification (1987)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Sulfonation and Sulfation (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfonation and SulfationEverett E. Gilbert and E. Paul. JonesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1956, 48, 9, 1658–1669Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie51401a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ie51401a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views317Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Chronic sphenoid rhinosinusitis: management challenge (2016)

Chronic sphenoid rhinosinusitis is a spectrum of inflammatory diseases in isolated sphenoid sinus which may persist over a period of 12 weeks. It is a different entity from other types of rhinosinusitis because clinical presentations include headache, visual loss or diplopia, and patients may or may not have nasal obstruction or nasal discharge. Nasal endoscopic examination is useful, and computed tomography is mandatory. The disease requires comprehensive knowledge and appropriate imaging technique for diagnosis. To treat patients with chronic sphenoid rhinosinusitis, surgical treatment with endoscopic transnasal sphenoidotomy is often required. As there are no recent updated reviews of chronic sphenoid rhinosinusitis, in this article, we review the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and its clinical relationship with the clinical signs and symptoms of the disease, the imaging findings of each diagnosis and the comprehensive surgical techniques.
Optical properties of selenium (1982)

The permittivity, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, and electron-energy-loss function of trigonal Se are calculated from 0 to 25 eV with the use of the self-consistent nonmuffin-tin Hartree-Fock-Slater band-structure results obtained with the orthogonalized-plane-wave method. The momentum matrix elements for the Ehrenreich-Cohen permittivity tensor are rigorously calculated in the bulk of the first Brillouin zone. The calculated spectra agree closely with the experimental ones. The interpretation of all the main peaks and anisotropies in the spectra are given in terms of the transitions between the band groups. The analysis provides new insight into the origin of the main optical features of Se above \ensuremath{\sim}5 eV (i.e., above the energy range of the first main peak in the optical spectra). The results are also used to interpret the imaginary part of the permittivity of amorphous Se. The effect of the local fields on the spectra is estimated to be small. The difference between the calculated and the experimental spectra of Se at lower energies is compared with the calculated local-field and continuum-exciton corrections for C, Si, and TlCl. The possible reasons for the differences in the ultraviolet region between the calculated one-electron spectra and the experimental ones of Se, Te, Zr${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$, Si, Ge, GaP, GaAs, InAs, InSb, ZnS, and ZnSe are discussed.