gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time face detection using AdaBoot algorithm (2008)

In this paper, we propose to use the AdaBoost algorithm for face detection. AdaBoost is a kind of large margin classifiers and is efficient for on-line learning. In order to adapt the AdaBoost algorithm to fast face detection, use the original AdaBoost algorithm, the original AdaBoost which uses a given features is compared with the boosting along feature dimensions. The comparable results assure the use of the latter, which is faster for classification. The AdaBoost is typically a classification between two classes. This face detection system operates without the aid of initializing stage and realizes automatic face detection system. The overall structure adopts window scanning and image pyramid structure so that various size of face is allowed to be detected. In addition, real-time performance rate can be achieved through constituting strong classifier with extracting a few but efficient weak classifiers by the AdaBoost learning.
A Study on Prototype Hybrid (LTS/HTS) Magnet for NMR Application (2011)

NMR over 1 GHz (23.5 T) level has difficulties in design and fabrication with only low temperature superconducting (LTS) wire because of its material characteristics such as the decay of critical current under the magnetic field. Because High temperature superconducting (HTS) tape has a good performance under the extremely high magnetic field, it has been developed for high-field magnet over 23.5 T. In this paper, the LTS magnet was made for applying magnetic fields externally and the HTS coil was designed and fabricated. The electromagnetic field analysis has been done with respect to the structure and the operating current of the LTS and HTS coil. Considering to the field homogeneity and the center field, the design parameters which is suitable for the HTS coil were found. The HTS insert coil was impregnated with epoxy resin in order to prevent the movement of winding during energizing the magnet. The hybrid magnet (LTS/HTS) magnet was fabricated and tested based on the design parameters. The experimental result shows that the LTS background magnet and the HTS insert coil can be operated stable beyond 220 A and 210 A. The final value 4.32 T at the center was acquired.
Catalytic Solvolysis of Ammonia Borane (2010)

Wasserstoff aus dem Hahn: Ein Homogenkatalysator für die schnelle und quantitative Solvolyse von Ammoniakboran (AB) wurde entwickelt. Der Iridiumkatalysator ist bemerkenswert stabil und kann ohne sichtlichen Aktivitätsverlust erneut verwendet werden. Bei Kontakt mit Wasserdampf setzt eine lösungsmittelfreie Mischung aus Katalysator und AB Wasserstoff frei, sodass sich ein System mit beträchtlicher Wasserstoffspeicherkapazität ergibt (siehe Bild).
Navigation and Control Technologies for Autonomous Micro Vehicles (2005)

Sponsorship: Air Force Research Laboratory / Munitions Directorate. During this project we focused on four primary objectives which are listed below. 1. Magnetometer Integration. Integrate and flight test magnetometers with the current version of the autopilot (Spiral 1). 2. Height-Above-Ground Sensor Integration. Integrate and flight test height-above-ground sensors with the current version of the autopilot (Spiral 1). 3. Automatic Gain Adjustment. Develop and flight test automatic gain adjustment algorithms that automatically tune the servo loops of the autopilot. 4. Automatic Trim Seeking. Develop and flight test automatic trim seeking algorithms to recursively estimate the trim values of the UAV.
WinDNMR: Dynamic NMR Spectra for Windows (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVTech ReportNEXTWinDNMR: Dynamic NMR Spectra for WindowsHans J. Reich View Author Information University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1396Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 12, 1086Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1995Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed072p1086.1https://doi.org/10.1021/ed072p1086.1product-reviewACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1892Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (895 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Speeding up Discriminative Learning Quadratic Discriminant Function with sampling (2012)

The Discriminative Learning Quadratic Discriminant Function (DLQDF) is a favorable method for multi-classification problems, especially for handwritten character recognition, due to its prominent classification effects. However, its training complexity is very high. To improve the efficiency of DLQDF while keeping its supper performance, this paper presents a sampling method-MBS (MQDF-Based Sampling) to speed up the process of parameter learning. Experiments show that MBS can effectively speed up the training of DLQDF while keeping classification accuracy.
Conserved Residues R420 and Q428 in a Cytoplasmic Loop of the Citrate/Malate Transporter CimH of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Are Accessible from the External Face of the Membrane (2002)

CimH of Bacillus subtilis is a secondary transporter for citrate and malate that belongs to the 2-hydroxycarboxylate transporter (2HCT) family. Conserved residues R143, R420, and Q428, located in putative cytoplasmic loops and R432, located at the cytoplasmic end of the C-terminal transmembrane segment XI were mutated to Cys to identify residues involved in binding of the substrates. R143C, R420C, and Q428C revealed kinetics similar to those of the wild-type transporter, while the activity of R432C was reduced by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Conservative replacement of R432 with Lys reduced the activity by 1 order of magnitude, by lowering the affinity for the substrate 10-fold. It is concluded that the arginine residue at position 432 in CimH interacts with one of the carboxylate groups of the substrates. Labeling of the R420C and Q428C mutants with thiol reagents inhibited citrate transport activity. Surprisingly, the cysteine residues in the cytoplasmic loops in both R420C and Q428C were accessible to the small, membrane-impermeable, negatively charged MTSES reagent from the external site of the membrane in a substrate protectable manner. The membrane impermeable reagents MTSET,(1) which is positively charged, and AMdiS, which is negatively charged like MTSES but more bulky, did not inhibit R420C and Q428C. It is suggested that the access pathway is optimized for small, negatively charged substrates. Either the cytoplasmic loop containing residues R420 and Q428 is partly protruding to the outside, possibly in a reentrant loop like structure, or alternatively, a water-filled substrate translocation pathway extents to the cytoplasm-membrane interface.
Transcriptional reprogramming of metabolic pathways in critically ill patients (2016)

Contrary to the established paradigm, aerobic glycolysis does occur in non-hypoxic cells during critical illness and its occurrence may represent an adaptive strategy common to cells under increased oxidative stress. Further study of this previously under-recognized metabolic phenomenon might identify novel drug target for antioxidant therapy.
Review: Pharmacological Manipulation of Docosahexaenoic-Phospholipid Biosynthesis in Photoreceptor Cells: Implications in Retinal Degeneration (1994)

Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) is derived in vertebrate animals from n-3 fatty acids present in the diet (i.e., alpha-linolenic acid, 18:3n-3 and/or other n-3-long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) and is found in very high concentrations in phospholipids from membranes of the central nervous system. Disk membranes of photoreceptor outer segments and synaptic terminals display a preferential enrichment in DHA-phospholipids that appears to be necessary for normal excitable membrane functions. Because of the relevance of adequate DHA-phospholipid synthesis and sorting toward new assembled disk membranes and synaptic terminals, as well as the pathophysiological implications of abnormal DHA metabolism (including its synthesis, delivery to the retina, and incorporation into lipids by de novo and turnover pathways), we reviewed recent studies of: a) the preferential uptake and retention of DHA by photoreceptors and its metabolism as it is activated to DHA-CoA and incorporated preferentially into phospholipids; b) pharmacological manipulations using amphiphilic cationic drugs (i.e., propranolol) to show an active esterification of DHA into lipids via de novo synthesis; and c) perturbations in DHA metabolism in retinas from dogs with progressive rod-cone degeneration (prcd).
A Centrifugation Method for Attaching Endospores of Pasteuria spp. to Nematodes. (1993)

Attachment of relatively low numbers of endospores from two isolates of Pasteuria spp. to several species of nematodes was consistently achieved in 2-5 minutes with a centrifugation technique. The rate of attachment of Pasteuria penetrans at 10 endospores/0.1 ml/tube to second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita race 1, M. incognita race 3, and M. arenaria races 1 and 2 in two tests averaged 4.4, 5.2, 0.1, 0.3, and 0 endospores per J2, respectively. The rate of attachment Pasteuria sp. at 10(3) endospores/0.1 ml/tube to individuals of Hoplolaimus galeatus, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, M. arenaria race 1, M. javanica, and M. incognita race 1 in two tests averaged 0.8, 0.04, 0, 0, and 0 endospores per nematode, respectively. The rate of attachment of P. penetrans to M. javanica at 10(3), 10, or 10 endospores/0.1 ml/tube from two tests averaged 1.0, 5.7, and 28.3 endospores per J2, respectively. All of the J2 had endospores attached following centrifugation in tubes with 10 and 10 endospores/0.1 ml/tube.
Human protoporphyrinogen oxidase: Expression, purification, and characterization of the cloned enzyme (1996)

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (E.C.1.3.3.4) catalyzes the oxygen-dependent oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX. The enzyme from human placenta has been cloned, sequenced, expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, and characterized. Northern blot analysis of eight different human tissues show evidence for only a single transcript in all tissue types and the size of this transcript is approximately 1.8 kb. The human cDNA has been inserted into an expression vector for E. coli and the protein produced at high levels in these cells. The protein is found in both membrane and cytoplasmic fractions. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity in the presence of detergents using a metal chelate affinity column. The purified protein is a homodimer composed of subunits of molecular weight of 51,000. The enzyme contains one noncovalently bound FAD per dimer, has a monomer extinction coefficient of 48,000 at 270 nm and contains no detectable redox active metals. The apparent K(m) and Kcat for protoporphyrinogen IX are 1.7 microM and 10.5 min-1, respectively. The enzyme does not use coproporphyrinogen III as a substrate and is inhibited by micromolar concentrations of the herbicide acifluorfen. Protein database searches reveal significant homology between protoporphyrinogen oxidase and monoamine oxidase.
Recent advances on the role of tumor exosomes in immunosuppression and disease progression (2012)

Exosomes are endosomal-derived nanovesicles released by most cells types, including tumor cells, and principally involved in intercellular communication in physiology and disease. Tumor exosomes are gaining increasing interest in medicine and oncology as efficient tools for the delivery of defined signals. Representing the acellular replicas of tumor cells, they contain a great variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, RNA, miRNA and DNA. Their great ability to recirculate in body fluids and their structure allow them to transport their cargo to distant targets. Major studies have shown that tumor exosomes convey information not only between tumor cells but also to other cell types, including different immune cell components. There is increasing evidence that these nanovesicles may contribute to cancer progression by influencing different immune cell types, likely blunting specific T cell immunity and skewing innate immune cells toward a pro-tumorigenic phenotype. Because of this function and the additional property to deliver molecular signals modulating neoangiogenesis and stroma remodeling, tumor exosomes are believed to play a role in tumor progression by favoring metastatic niche onset. This review outlines the recent knowledge on immune suppressive mechanisms mediated by tumor exosomes. We will discuss our view on the role of these nanovesicular structures in cancer progression and how their presence could interfere with cancer therapy.
The development of multiple expression vectors for high level synthesis of eukaryotic proteins: expression of LCMV-N and AcNPV polyhedrin protein by a recombinant baculovirus (1987)

A copy of the polyhedrin gene promoter of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV), in association with the coding region of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus N protein (LCMV-N) and the relevant polyhedrin transcription termination signals, has been cloned into the unique EcoRV site of a plasmid representing an EcoRI derived fragment of the AcNPV genome. The cloning site is upstream (but in the opposite orientation) of the natural AcNPV polyhedrin gene. The derived pAcVC2 transfer vector has, therefore, both the normal polyhedrin gene and the LCMV-N gene each with its own copy of the polyhedrin transcriptional machinery. Co-transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells with the pAcVC2 plasmid together with infectious polyhedrin-negative AcNPV DNA resulted in the isolation of recombinant viruses that made polyhedrin protein as well as LCMV-N protein. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of occluded virus particles in the nucleus of the recombinant virus infected cells and aggregates of LCMV-N protein in the cytoplasm of the same cells. Unlike polyhedra-negative AcNPV recombinants, the occluded recombinants were potent infectious agents for the caterpillar Trichoplusia ni. The implications of these data are discussed in relation to the design of multiple eukaryotic expression vectors and recombinant baculovirus insecticides.
Film Formation of Acrylic Latices with Varying Concentrations of Non-Film-Forming Latex Particles (1996)

We have employed ellipsometry and environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine the kinetics of film formation in mixtures of film-forming (FF) and non-film-forming (NFF) acrylic latices. We find that an increasing concentration of NFF latex leads to progressively larger voids. We have also found that minimizing the number of NFF−NFF particle contacts within the mixture results in a denser material. The rate of void closure during the early stages of film formation is enhanced by the presence of NFF latex particles, because the particles lead to a higher surface area that provides a stronger driving force for void closure. Despite this effect, a latex with a higher concentration of NFF particles takes longer to reach full density. We have applied the Mackenzie−Shuttleworth theory to our densification data and found a value for the viscosity of the FF latex that is consistent with the literature. In some cases, we see evidence for polymer viscosity changing with time, indicative of hydroplasticization. We find that our calculated viscosity of the FF latex decreases with increasing temperature and increases with the addition of 40 wt % NFF particles. We comment on the implications that this work has for the measurement of the critical pigment volume concentration.
GaInAsSb materials for thermophotovoltaics (1996)

Ga{sub 1{minus}x}In{sub x}As{sub 1{minus}y}Sb{sub y} (0.06 < x < 0.2, 0.05 < y < 0.18) epilayers were grown lattice-matched to GaSb substrates by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). For lattice-matched alloys, mirror-like surface morphologies were obtained by both OMVPE and MBE. The 4K photoluminescence (PL) of all layers had a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of less than 10 meV for PL peak emission < 1.9 {micro}m. PL FWHM increased to 30 meV for peak emission {approximately}2.12 {micro}m for OMVPE-grown layers. Nominally undoped layers are p-type with typical 300 K hole concentration of {approximately}9 {times} 10{sup 15} cm{sup {minus}3} and hole mobility {approximately}450 to 580 cm{sup 2}/V-s for OMVPE-grown layers, p- and n-type doping is reported for layers grown with either technique. The ideality factor of diode structures is {approximately}2 for both techniques.
A Digital Test for Pelvic Muscle Strength in Older Women With Urinary Incontinence (1989)

A digital test of pelvic muscle strength for evaluation of a pelvic muscle exercise (PME) program was developed with a sample of 338 incontinent women living at home. Factors of perceived pressure, alteration of the vertical plane, and time were combined to form a 7-point scale ranging from 0 to 4. Test-retest for the anteroposterior score was r = .65, p less than .01 with interrater reliability, r = .91, p less than .01. Relationship to other variables and further development of the measure are discussed.
Evaluation of a fully electrical test and calibration method for MEMS capacitive accelerometers (2008)

This paper presents an evaluation of a fully electrical test and calibration method for MEMS capacitive accelerometers. The method is based on analytical expressions of the sensitivity that involve both physical parameters of the structure and electrical test parameters. To evaluate the method, an accelerometer has been designed under the Coventor environment and a nodal model parameterized with the material properties and the dimensions of the structure has been built. This model permits to perform low-level fault injection by varying the material properties and the geometrical parameters. Both global and intra-die mismatch variations can be considered. Results show that the proposed method shows the potential for testing sensitivity variations due to process scattering and permits to reduce the sensitivity dispersion after calibration. However, the improvement factor strongly depends on the characteristics of the population.
Effects of Different Conditions on Duration of Infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts (1972)

Washed oocysts and cat feces containing oocysts were exposed to various environmental conditions in the laboratory and outdoors. Infectivity was tested every 14 days by injecting samples through tubes into stomachs of mice. The brains of the mice were examined (in wet films) 30 to 60 days later for T. gondii cysts. In the laboratory oocysts retained infectivity from 30 days (in uncovered dishes at 37 C) to 410 days or longer in covered and uncovered dishes at 4 C. Outdoors, infectivity was retained from 46 days (uncovered, exposed to direct sunlight, mean air temperature 20 C) to 410 days or longer (covered in shade, mean air temperature 19.5 C). Since cats normally bury their feces, the results suggest that T. gondii oocysts may remain infective for a year in warm climates, and longer in cool climates or in air-conditioned buildings. On the basis of 1969 discoveries, a number of authors in 1970 described the oocyst of Toxoplasma gondii which is passed for a brief period in the feces of experimentally infected cats. The literature, including recent discoveries, is reviewed by Dubey et al. (1970) and Hutchison et al. (1971). The oocyst of T. gondii seems morphologically similar but not identical to that of Isospora bigemina var. cati (Railliet and Lucet, 1891), called Isospora cati by Dubey et al. (1970). Toxoplasma is not considered a synonym of Isospora as Overdulve (1970) proposed because its life cycle is different. The coccidian oocyst is adapted to resist adverse conditions of the environment outside the host. As one phase of a complex study, we attempted to determine how long Toxoplasma gondii oocysts would remain infective under various environmental conditions, indoors and outdoors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six 4-week-old kittens, born in the laboratory and negative for Toxoplasma by Sabin-Feldman dye test and fecal examination, were experimentally infected with the Beverley strain of T. gondii. This strain had been maintained in our laboratory through repeated passages from mouse to mouse Received for publication 17 March 1972. * From part of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Parasitology, Texas AM monthly averages of daily maxima and minima were 5.5 to 35.5, monthly means were 12 to 29 C, and the mean for the year was 19.5 C. In each of the tests with 3 types of preparations under 5 sets of conditions, covered petri dishes we e paired with petri dishes having no cover. In each covered petri dish, the preparation was further protected by a pad of 10 layers of gauze whic was kept moist by rewetting every 3 to 4 days, or as often as needed to prevent complete drying. Covering and lack of covering in each of the 15 tests raised the total number of treatments
The ACE2/Angiotensin-(1–7)/MAS Axis of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Focus on Angiotensin-(1–7) (2017)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key player in the control of the cardiovascular system and hydroelectrolyte balance, with an influence on organs and functions throughout the body. The classical view of this system saw it as a sequence of many enzymatic steps that culminate in the production of a single biologically active metabolite, the octapeptide angiotensin (ANG) II, by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The past two decades have revealed new functions for some of the intermediate products, beyond their roles as substrates along the classical route. They may be processed in alternative ways by enzymes such as the ACE homolog ACE2. One effect is to establish a second axis through ACE2/ANG-(1-7)/MAS, whose end point is the metabolite ANG-(1-7). ACE2 and other enzymes can form ANG-(1-7) directly or indirectly from either the decapeptide ANG I or from ANG II. In many cases, this second axis appears to counteract or modulate the effects of the classical axis. ANG-(1-7) itself acts on the receptor MAS to influence a range of mechanisms in the heart, kidney, brain, and other tissues. This review highlights the current knowledge about the roles of ANG-(1-7) in physiology and disease, with particular emphasis on the brain.