gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Science Information - The Poor Relation (2000)

Several characteristics make the social sciences less amenable to bibliographic control than the sciences: inherent instability of the subject matter, the lack of a terminology that is common over time and across countries, strong political and national biases, low penalties for duplication of research, and an apparent lack of interest on the part of social scientists in improvement of information services. A large body of research carried out 25 years ago shed much light on the information needs and uses of social scientists and indicated means of improvement, but led to no action. In an information world radically changed by the Internet, we need to carry out new studies into information uses and needs.
Phospha‐adamantanes as Ligands for Organopalladium Chemistry: Aminations of Aryl Halides. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of the substrate state on the formation of diamond film in a low temperature microwave-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system (1995)

Diamond films were deposited on substrates using a low temperature microwave-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. Low temperature (below 500 °C) deposition can be achieved only by making the substrate position remote from the plasma under the normal deposition condition. The substrate was untreated or was pre-treated by 30 μm diamond powder. Among various substrates (untreated silicon, pre-treated silicon, pre-treated quartz, untreated glass, and pre-treated glass), pre-treated quartz and pre-treated glass enhance the diamond formation, while untreated glass gives only graphite formation even under the same deposition conditions. We understand that the better formation of diamond on pre-treated glass and pre-treated quartz was due to the existence of a diamond particle on the substrates. We also deposited diamond films on pre-treated glass at various CH4 concentrations. The largest grain size can be acquired at 3% of CH4 concentration and the growth rate of the film increases with increasing CH4 concentration.
Effect of Xylitol on the Growth and Glycolysis of Acidogenic Oral Bacteria (1983)

We investigated the effect of xylitol on the growth of different oral bacteria in the presence of glucose. Xylitol inhibited the growth of all but one of ten strains of S. mutans and failed to inhibit the growth of the lactobacilli, actinomycetes, and other streptococci tested except S. sanguis 10556, which was slightly inhibited. However, the rate of acid production of the sensitive S. mutans strains was not equally affected by xylitol. These data, obtained with pure cultures of acidogenic oral bacteria, may explain the lack of an in vitro inhibitory effect of xylitol on dental plaque samples.
Provably good planar mappings (2014)

The problem of planar mapping and deformation is central in computer graphics. This paper presents a framework for adapting general, smooth, function bases for building provably good planar mappings. The term "good" in this context means the map has no fold-overs (injective), is smooth, and has low isometric or conformal distortion. Existing methods that use mesh-based schemes are able to achieve injectivity and/or control distortion, but fail to create smooth mappings, unless they use a prohibitively large number of elements, which slows them down. Meshless methods are usually smooth by construction, yet they are not able to avoid fold-overs and/or control distortion. Our approach constrains the linear deformation spaces induced by popular smooth basis functions, such as B-Splines, Gaussian and Thin-Plate Splines, at a set of collocation points, using specially tailored convex constraints that prevent fold-overs and high distortion at these points. Our analysis then provides the required density of collocation points and/or constraint type, which guarantees that the map is injective and meets the distortion constraints over the entire domain of interest. We demonstrate that our method is interactive at reasonably complicated settings and compares favorably to other state-of-the-art mesh and meshless planar deformation methods.
Uniform Uncertainty Principle and signal recovery via Regularized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (2007)

This paper seeks to bridge the two major algorithmic approaches to sparse signal recovery from an incomplete set of linear measurements -- L_1-minimization methods and iterative methods (Matching Pursuits). We find a simple regularized version of the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (ROMP) which has advantages of both approaches: the speed and transparency of OMP and the strong uniform guarantees of the L_1-minimization. Our algorithm ROMP reconstructs a sparse signal in a number of iterations linear in the sparsity (in practice even logarithmic), and the reconstruction is exact provided the linear measurements satisfy the Uniform Uncertainty Principle.
Abstract B178: Nanoscale quantification of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated ERK and MEK isoforms differentiates tumor and nontumor clinical specimens (2009)

Abstract The MAP Kinase pathway is commonly dysregulated in cancer. We have developed the use of a highly sensitive microfluidic nano-immunoassay system (NIA) to perform detailed analysis of ERK and MEK activation in hematopoietic and solid tumors. We recently reported use of NIA for measurement of proteins in as little as 4 nanoliters of lysate from preclinical and clinical lymphoma and leukemia specimens (Fan et al, Nature Medicine 2009). Now, we present results measuring specific isoforms of MAP Kinase proteins in cells sampled from patients with solid tumors and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). First, we developed tissue collection, handling and processing protocols to produce reliable NIA results in a small number of cells obtained by minimally invasive techniques. We collected over 100 blood buffy coat and fine needle aspirate (FNA) specimens from normal controls and patients with MDS or solid tumors. Using a single antibody that recognizes both the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated isoforms of ERK, we can determine not only relative levels of phosphorylated isoforms of ERK protein, but also calculate the percent phosphorylation of ERK in each clinical specimen. We have developed a similar method to quantify MEK isoforms. NIA revealed that adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and MDS samples could be distinguished from non-tumor specimens based upon different patterns of phosphorylated ERK isoforms. To determine if signaling changes can be detected by NIA upon treatment of cells with novel targeted therapies, human leukemic TF1 cells were treated with a polo-1 kinase (PLK-1) inhibitor, ON01910 (Onconova, Inc.). We found the surprising result that only 5% of ERK1 and ERK2 were found to be phosphorylated in the TF1 cell line, whereas 45% and 90% of MEK1 and MEK2 were phosphorylated, respectively. Additionally, NIA analysis revealed a 20% decrease in the percent of phosphorylated MEK2 after treatment with ON01910. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that NIA can be used to identify specific changes in MAPK signaling pathway that distinguish normal from malignant cells as well as quantitatively measure the response of malignant cells to a targeted therapeutic. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B178.
Enhancing Privacy and Security in RFID-Enabled Banknotes (2009)

A novel and interesting application of RFID was a banknote attached a tag to determine the authenticity of money and to stop counterfeits. At Financial Cryptography 2003, Juels and Pappu firstly proposed a practical RFID banknote protection scheme (RBPS) by using the optical and the electrical (RFID) contacts. RFID-enabled notes can be tracked by the legal law agency and verified by the merchant. However, some effective attacks on the Juels-Pappu RBPS were subsequently proposed. In this paper, we enhance the Juels-Pappu RBPS to conquer such attacks.
Emergence of superconductivity in a bi-sr-cu-o system (1988)

Solid solutions of ${({\mathrm{Bi}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x})}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ ($0.8\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1.5$) have been synthesized. A metal-insulator transition is observed as the Sr composition is reduced to 0.9. The emergence of superconductivity depends critically on the minimum Sr content. Only when $x\ensuremath{\ge}0.95$, does the superconductivity occur. The behavior is different from that observed in the ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ system where doping ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ by Sr brings the system into a metallic and superconducting phase, with gradually increasing ${T}_{c}$.
ON/OFF states of a microbial fuel cell controlled by an optical switching system (2014)

An optical switching system was developed to control the ON/OFF state of a microbial fuel cell.
Modular and High-Resolution Channel State Information and Beam Management for 5G New Radio (2018)

This article provides an overview of key features pertaining to CSI reporting and beam management for the 5G New Radio (NR) currently being standardized in 3GPP. For CSI reporting, the modular design framework and high-resolution spatial information feedback offer not only flexibility in a host of use cases and deployment scenarios, but also improved average user throughput over state-of-the-art 4G LTE. To accommodate cellular communications in the milimeter-wave regime where a combination of analog and digital beamforming is typically used at both a base station and user equipment, beam management procedures such as measurement, reporting, and recovery are introduced. The utility and joint usage of these two features are demonstrated along with some potential upgrades for the next phase of 5G NR.
Absence of Hepatitis after Treatment with a Pasteurized Factor VIII Concentrate in Patients with Hemophilia and No Previous Transfusions (1987)

Post-transfusion hepatitis is frequent among patients with hemophilia who are treated with concentrated factor VIII prepared from pooled plasma, especially if it is obtained from paid donors. In 26 patients with hemophilia A or von Willebrand's disease who had not been treated with blood or any blood product and hence were highly susceptible to the development of post-transfusion hepatitis, we infused 32 batches of a factor VIII concentrate that had been produced from large pools of human plasma (collected from paid plasmapheresis donors) and then heated in solution at 60 degrees C for 10 hours before final lyophilization. Patients were examined clinically and serologically over a period of 12 months after the first infusion of the pasteurized concentrate. Neither hepatitis nor serologic signs of other viral infections were observed. The hemostatic effectiveness of the concentrate appeared to be satisfactory relative to untreated concentrates.
Magnetically Propelled Fish‐Like Nanoswimmers (2016)

The swimming locomotion of fish involves a complex interplay between a deformable body and induced flow in the surrounding fluid. While innovative robotic devices, inspired by physicomechanical designs evolved in fish, have been created for underwater propulsion of large swimmers, scaling such powerful locomotion into micro-/nanoscale propulsion remains challenging. Here, a magnetically propelled fish-like artificial nanoswimmer is demonstrated that emulates the body and caudal fin propulsion swimming mechanism displayed by fish. To mimic the deformable fish body for periodic shape changes, template-electrosynthesized multisegment nanowire swimmers are used to construct the artificial nanofishes (diameter 200 nm; length 4.8 μm). The resulting nanofish consists a gold segment as the head, two nickel segments as the body, and one gold segment as the caudal fin, with three flexible porous silver hinges linking each segment. Under an oscillating magnetic field, the propulsive nickel elements bend the body and caudal fin periodically to generate travelling-wave motions with speeds exceeding 30 μm s<sup>-1</sup> . The propulsion dynamics is studied theoretically using the immersed boundary method. Such body-deformable nanofishes exhibit a high swimming efficiency and can serve as promising biomimetic nanorobotic devices for nanoscale biomedical applications.
<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>exposes phosphatidylserine as an evasion mechanism (2006)

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and affects 18 million people in Central and South America. Here we analyzed the exposure of phosphatidylserine by the different forms of the parasite life cycle. Only the infective trypomastigotes, but not the epimastigotes or intracellular amastigotes, expose this phospholipid. This triggers a transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway, based on phosphorylated Smad 2 nuclear translocation, leading to iNOS disappearance in infected macrophages. This macrophage deactivation favors the survival of this intracellular parasite. Thus, phosphatidylserine exposure may be used by T. cruzi to evade innate immunity and be a common feature of obligate intracellular parasites that have to deal with activated macrophages.
The Hippo Pathway: Biology and Pathophysiology (2018)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size control, and regeneration. The core of the Hippo pathway in mammals consists of a kinase cascade, MST1/2 and LATS1/2, as well as downstream effectors, transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ. These core components of the Hippo pathway control transcriptional programs involved in cell proliferation, survival, mobility, stemness, and differentiation. The Hippo pathway is tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals, such as mechanical force, cell-cell contact, polarity, energy status, stress, and many diffusible hormonal factors, the majority of which act through G protein-coupled receptors. Here, we review the current understanding of molecular mechanisms by which signals regulate the Hippo pathway with an emphasis on mechanotransduction and the effects of this pathway on basic biology and human diseases.
Synthesis, crystal structure, UV-vis and EPR studies of (NH3CH2CH2NH2)(2.5) [(Mo0.5W0.5O2)-W-(V)-O-(VI) (OC6H4O)(2)] (2003)

Cis-dioxo-metal complex (NH3CH2CH2NH2)(2.5)[(Mo0.5W0.5O2)-W-(v)-O-(VI)-(OC6H4O)(2)] 1 was obtained by the reaction of tetra-butyl ammonium hexamolybdotungstate with 1,2-dihydroxybenzene in the mixed solvent Of CH3OH, CH3CN and ethylenediamine, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis and EPR analysis. Compared with its analogous complexes (NH3CH2CH2NH2)(3)[(MoO2)-O-(V)(OC6H4O)(2)] 2 and (NH3CH2CH2NH2)(2)[(WO2)-O-(VI)(OC6H4O)(2)] 3, the results show that tungsten(VI) is less active in redox than molybdenum(VI) and that the change of the valence induced by substitution of W(VI) for Mo(V) in [MO2(OC6H4O)(2)](n-) does not influence the coordination geometry of the complex anion in which the metal center exhibits distorted octahedral coordination with cis-dioxo catechol. The responses to EPR of complexes 1 and 2 are active but complex 3 is silent, and the UV-vis spectra exhibited by the three complexes are obvious different because of the different electronic configuration between the central Mo(V) and W(VI) ions in the complexes. It is noteworthy that complexes 1 and 2 have the similar EPR signal to flavoenzyme, suggesting that the three complexes have the same coordination geometry feature with the co-factor of flavoenzyme.
Testing strategies for form-based visual programs (2002)

Form based visual programming languages, which include electronic spreadsheets and a variety of research systems, have had a substantial impact on end user computing. Research shows that form based visual programs often contain faults, and that their creators often have unwarranted confidence in the reliability of their programs. Despite this evidence, we find no discussion in the research literature of techniques for testing or assessing the reliability of form based visual programs. The paper addresses this lack. We describe differences between the form based and imperative programming paradigms, and discuss effects these differences have on strategies for testing form based programs. We then present several test adequacy criteria for form based programs, and illustrate their application. We show that an analogue to the traditional "all-uses" dataflow test adequacy criterion is well suited for code based testing of form based visual programs: it provides important error detection ability, and can be applied more easily to form based programs than to imperative programs.
Stages of the Horn Fly Susceptible to Methoprene12 (1977)

When 3rd-instars of Haematobia irritans (L.) were exposed to 0.2 ppm methoprene, an insect growth regulator, in cow manure (larval diet), emergence of adults was inhibited 94.5%. However, there was no effect when 1st-, or 2nd-instars or when pupae were exposed to the same treatment. Likewise, no accumulative effect was noted. Apparently, enough methoprene is absorbed by the 3rd-instars so that it is carried over and causes inhibition of adult emergence.
Generation of iPSCs from cultured human malignant cells (2010)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from various differentiated cell types by the expression of a set of defined transcription factors. So far, iPSCs have been generated from primary cells, but it is unclear whether human cancer cell lines can be reprogrammed. Here we describe the generation and characterization of iPSCs derived from human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. We show that, despite the presence of oncogenic mutations, these cells acquired pluripotency by the expression of 4 transcription factors and underwent differentiation into cell types derived of all 3 germ layers during teratoma formation. Interestingly, although the parental cell line was strictly dependent on continuous signaling of the BCR-ABL oncogene, also termed oncogene addiction, reprogrammed cells lost this dependency and became resistant to the BCR-ABL inhibitor imatinib. This finding indicates that the therapeutic agent imatinib targets cells in a specific epigenetic differentiated cell state, and this may contribute to its inability to fully eradicate disease in chronic myeloid leukemia patients.
Microalgae of Odisha Coast as a Potential Source for Biodiesel Production (2012)

In recent years microalgae have been proved as the potential source for biodiesel production due to high oil content. In the present study three brackish water microalgal strains (<i>Chlorococcum</i> sp., <i>Chlorella</i> sp. and <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp.) of Odisha coast were screened for the suitability for biodiesel production. Among all, <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. seems to be the best one for high lipid productivity (24.66mg/L<SUP>/</SUP>day) with high biomass yield of 0.9g/L<SUP> </SUP>at stationary phase. Also the <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. possesses the most adequate fatty acid profile. The present study suggested that <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. is appropriate for biodiesel production for its high lipid content; this strain was selected for higher scale studies.
Learning Beyond Human Expertise with Generative Models for Dental Restorations (2018)

Computer vision has advanced significantly that many discriminative approaches such as object recognition are now widely used in real applications. We present another exciting development that utilizes generative models for the mass customization of medical products such as dental crowns. In the dental industry, it takes a technician years of training to design synthetic crowns that restore the function and integrity of missing teeth. Each crown must be customized to individual patients, and it requires human expertise in a time-consuming and labor-intensive process, even with computer-assisted design software. We develop a fully automatic approach that learns not only from human designs of dental crowns, but also from natural spatial profiles between opposing teeth. The latter is hard to account for by technicians but important for proper biting and chewing functions. Built upon a Generative Adversar-ial Network architecture (GAN), our deep learning model predicts the customized crown-filled depth scan from the crown-missing depth scan and opposing depth scan. We propose to incorporate additional space constraints and statistical compatibility into learning. Our automatic designs exceed human technicians' standards for good morphology and functionality, and our algorithm is being tested for production use.
Association between angiographically assessed coronary artery disease and serum levels of prostate specific antigen. (2011)

It appears that PSA level is significantly associated with the presence of CAD. Further studies with larger sample size are required to confirm this result.
Degradability of Forage Proteins by In Situ and In Vitro Enzymatic Methods (1999)

The overall objective of these two studies was to evaluate the efficacy of using the proteolytic enzyme from Streptomyces griseus to estimate concentrations of ruminally degradable protein (RDP) in a wide array of forages. In the first study, alfalfa and prairie hays that previously had been evaluated in vivo for RDP were incubated in a replicated 3 x 3 factorial combination of enzyme concentrations (6.6, 0.66, and 0.066 activity units/ml of incubation medium) and incubation times (2, 4, and 48 h). Two treatment combinations (6.6 activity units for 4 h and 0.066 activity units for 48 h) yielded respective RDP estimates for alfalfa and prairie hay that were close to the known in vivo values. In the second study, 20 diverse forages were evaluated for RDP by using the in situ technique. These forages also were evaluated for RDP with the two enzyme concentrations identified in the first study, but incubation times were expanded to include 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h at the high concentration and 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, and 54 h at the low concentration. At the high enzyme concentration, r2 statistics from linear regressions of enzymatic estimates of RDP on corresponding estimates obtained by the in situ procedure were high (r2 > or = 0.898) at all incubation times; in addition, slopes (range = 0.88 to 1.00) and intercepts (range = -9.4 to 3.5%) approached unity and 0, respectively. At the lower enzyme concentration, r2 statistics were still good (> 0.81), but slopes (0.59 to 0.67) and intercepts (18.5 to 21.9%) for all incubation times did not meet the respective goals of unity and 0.
Brain Angiogenesis and Barriergenesis (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Brain Angiogenesis Hypoxia-Regulated HIF-1 in the Development of the Brain Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Hypoxia-Induced VEGF Other Neuroglia-Derived Angiogenic Factors Oxygenation in the Brain: Brain Barriergenesis Cellular and Molecular Responses Following Brain Oxygenation Role of src-Suppressed C Kinase Substrate in the Induction of Barriergenesis Barriergenic Factors in Perivascular Astrocytes and Pericytes Following Brain Oxygenation Perspectives References
<b>Diversity and similarity among recognition sequences of Dof transcription factors</b> (1999)

Dof proteins are a family of transcription factors that share a unique DNA-binding domain. Dof proteins were found recently in association with diverse promoters of plant-specific genes, suggesting various roles of Dof proteins in plants. Through binding site selection experiments using randomly synthesized DNA, the recognition sequences of four maize Dof proteins were systematically analyzed. All selected oligonucleotides contained an AAAG sequence, suggesting that this sequence is the recognition core of Dof proteins. In fact, a single mutation in this sequence abolished binding of all four Dof proteins. Furthermore, the preference of each Dof protein for the sequence flanking the core motif was also analyzed using oligonucleotides containing a fixed AAAG and random flanking sequences. Similar, as well as distinct, flanking sequences were observed among the optimal binding sites. Changes in the flanking sequences did affect DNA-binding of Dof proteins.