gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor response based on adapted Macdonald criteria and assessment of pseudoprogression (PsPD) in the phase III AVAglio trial of bevacizumab (Bv) plus temozolomide (T) plus radiotherapy (RT) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). (2013)

2002^ Background: Until recently the primary criteria for assessing response to GBM therapy were those by Macdonald et al. (JCO 1990;8:1277–80). Advances in imaging technology/targeted therapies exposed limitations, addressed in 2010 by Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Working Group. Prior to this, the AVAglio study similarly adapted Macdonald criteria to address anti-angiogenic therapy/corticosteroid use by incorporating non-contrast-enhancing components and integrating a strict algorithm to standardize assessment of possible PsPD. Methods: Randomisedpts (n=921) received: T/RT + Bv or placebo (P), 6 wks; 28-d break; maintenance T + Bv or P (6 cycles); monotherapy Bv or P until PD/unacceptable toxicity. Tumor response was investigator (inv)-assessed by MRI (adapted Macdonald criteria) at baseline (BL), end of break, every 2nd maintenance cycle, every 9 wks during monotherapy, at PD and 9 wks post-PD. PsPD was inv-assessed at the end of the break. A ≥25% increase in index lesions and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-index lesions relative to BL and in the absence of clinical deterioration was assessed as PsPD. Confirmatory PsPD assessment: end of the 2nd maintenance cycle. If progression was confirmed, PsPD was retrospectively designated as PD. If PsPD was confirmed, pts remained on treatment and the 1st post-RT MRI was used as a new BL. Best ORR was evaluated in pts with lesions at BL, excluding pts with confirmed PsPD. Results: Co-primary endpoint of inv-assessed PFS was longer for pts receiving Bv+RT/T compared with P+RT/T (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.55–0.74; p<0.0001). Best ORR and PsPD are shown (Table). Conclusions: Addition of Bv to 1st-line T/RT significantly improves ORR. The rate of confirmed PsPD was low in both arms. Clinical trial information: NCT00943826. [Table: see text]
Comparison of Initial Biodistribution Patterns of Gd-DTPA and Albumin-(Gd-DTPA) Using Rapid Spin Echo MR Imaging (1987)

The initial biodistribution patterns of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), an extracellular fluid contrast agent, and human serum albumin, paramagnetically labeled with 19 Gd-DTPA groups and used as an intravascular agent, were compared in the brain, heart, liver, and major mediastinal vessels of rats. Repeated 4 s spin echo images acquired after injection of 0.2 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA demonstrated a maximum enhancement between 15 and 25 s of 57% in brain, 307% in heart, 220% in liver, 83% in subcutaneous tissue, and 380% in slowly flowing blood in mediastinal vascular structures. In the following 55 s there was a continuous decrease (average 45%) in signal intensity in each tissue except brain. Albumin-(Gd-DTPA), injected at a four times lower molar dose (0.045 mmol/kg) with respect to Gd-DTPA, demonstrated maximal enhancement of brain by 34%, heart by 237%, liver by 186%, and blood in mediastinal vessels by 325%. Gadolinium-DTPA, which rapidly diffuses from the small vessels into the interstitial space, was noted to accumulate in solid tissues and subsequently to be partially eliminated within 70 s of administration. Signal enhancement achieved with albumin-(Gd-DTPA) remained at a constant level over the 70 s observation period. These data further support the notion that albumin-(Gd-DTPA), due to its predominantly intravascular distribution, might be applied advantageously for the assessment of perfusion and blood-volume disorders.
A Software Development Capstone Course and Project for CIS Majors (2008)

This paper presents a capstone course given to CIS seniors involving projects which utilize programming, database design, requirements analysis, use cases, object modeling, project management, and written and oral communication skills in an active learning environment. The learning objectives for this course correspond with most of the learning units described for the upper level courses in the IS 2002 model curriculum. The course content and capstone project are based on an object-oriented methodology that centers on component-based design. Project elements emphasize both creative and critical thinking processes and are designed to utilize and challenge the technical, managerial, and communication skills of students, who also engage in reflective analysis by constructing project workbooks and journals.
Luminance quasi-preserving color quantization for digital steganography to palette-based images (2003)

This paper proposes a method to apply BPCS-Steganography that we have already proposed for gray scale images to palette-based images which consists of a palette storing color vector information and an index image whose pixel value is corresponding to an index in the palette. A palette-based image can be represented by combining R G and B color component images. We embed secret information into the G images. A number of color vectors in a palette after embedding by BPCS would be over the maximum number which is usually 256. In order to reduce the number of colors, the rest two component images are then changed in a way that minimizes the square error. The idea behind the color quantization is that the degrading of images manipulated to reduce color is worse than the degrading which occurs with the embedding.
A Tris-hydroxymethyl-Substituted Derivative of Gd-TREN-Me-3,2-HOPO:  An MRI Relaxation Agent with Improved Efficiency (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Tris-hydroxymethyl-Substituted Derivative of Gd-TREN-Me-3,2-HOPO: An MRI Relaxation Agent with Improved EfficiencySharad Hajela, Mauro Botta, Sabrina Giraudo, Jide Xu, Kenneth N. Raymond, and Silvio AimeView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro" Corso Borsalino 54, I-15100 Alessandria, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M., Università di Torino Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 45, 11228–11229Publication Date (Web):October 28, 2000Publication History Received9 December 1999Revised29 August 2000Published online28 October 2000Published inissue 1 November 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ja994315uCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views629Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (40 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Magnetic properties,Magnetic resonance imaging,Molecules,Reaction products,Water Get e-Alerts
Boronic ester homologation with 99% chiral selectivity and its use in syntheses of the insect pheromones (3S,4S)-4-methyl-3-heptanol and exo-brevicomin (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoronic ester homologation with 99% chiral selectivity and its use in syntheses of the insect pheromones (3S,4S)-4-methyl-3-heptanol and exo-brevicominDonald S. Matteson and Kizhakethil M. SadhuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7, 2077–2078Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00345a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00345a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2171Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Percutaneous Microwave Coagulation Therapy for Solitary Metastatic Liver Tumors From Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Clinical Study (1999)

PMCT is a safe and effective treatment for metachronous small liver tumors that have metastasized from colorectal cancer.
Concerted nonsyntenic allelic losses in hyperploid hepatocellular carcinoma as determined by a high-resolution allelotype. (1997)

Although the occurrence of loss of genetic material in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been documented both by cytogenetic analysis and by monitoring of allelic losses, a global overview of the extent and frequency of deletion occurring throughout the genome is not yet available. To contribute to this information, DNAs extracted from flow-sorted aneuploid nuclei from HCC and matched normal DNAs were typed for 275 microsatellite loci that were distributed along the autosomes. An average of 190 (69%) informative loci per case were generated on 48 HCC. Complete loss of heterozygozity in the tumor DNA was observed for 15.6% of the typed loci. The chromosome segments that were most frequently affected by deletion were: 8p (60%), 17p (48%), 1p (44%), 4q (42%), 16p (40%), 16q (39%), 6q (35%), 9p (30%), and 13q (29%). On average, 8 of the 39 chromosome segments studied per tumor carried at least one locus that demonstrated loss of heterozygosity (ie., the fractional allelic loss was 0.21). Groups of concerted nonsyntenic losses were observed for 16p and 1p and for 16p and 4q. The location of putative tumor suppressor genes on the most frequently deleted regions was confirmed and, in some cases, refined.
Adaptive replication in peer-to-peer systems (2004)

Peer-to-peer systems can be used to form a low-latency decentralized data delivery system. Structured peer-to-peer systems provide both low latency and excellent load balance with uniform query and data distributions. Under the more common skewed access distributions, however, individual nodes are easily overloaded, resulting in poor global performance and lost messages. This paper describes a lightweight, adaptive, and system-neutral replication protocol, called LAR, that maintains low access latencies and good load balance even under highly skewed demand. We apply LAR to Chord and show that it has lower overhead and better performance than existing replication strategies.
A tetrazolium method for peroxidase staining: Application to the antibody‐affinity blotting of α‐fetoprotein separated by lectin affinity electrophoresis (1987)

Abstract A sensitive staining method of peroxidase labels on nitrocellulose membrane was developed with phenol as an enzyme substrate and NADH as a reducing agent for Nitro Blue tetrazolium to form formazan. The tetrazolium method for peroxidase staining, when applied to the antibody‐affinity blotting of α‐fetoprotein (AFP) after agarose gel electrophoresis, allowed us to detect as little as 3 ng/mL AFP with 4 μL of sample volume, covering a wider linear range of color production up to 200 ng/mL AFP as compared with the conventional diaminobenzidine stain. Accordingly, the proportion of intensities of AFP bands separated by lectin affinity electrophoresis could be determined without employing a calibration curve for each assay.
Hyperthyroidism Caused by Inappropriate Thyrotropin Hypersecretion (1982)

• We have identified the condition of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH])-induced hyperthyroidism secondary to selective pituitary insensitivity to thyroid hormone in three patients. Each patient was clinically hyperthyroid, with elevated serum levels of thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) and triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>) and detectable levels of serum TSH before therapy. After therapy, each patient had notably elevated TSH levels at a time that peripheral levels of thyroid hormones were in the hyperthyroid range. Before and after therapy, serum levels of TSH were suppressed by therapy with liothyronine sodium and were stimulated by protirelin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) both before and after liothyronine and dexamethasone treatment. Dexamethasone therapy decreased the levels of TSH, protirelin-stimulated TSH, and circulating T<sub>4</sub>and T<sub>3</sub>. Serum levels of glycoprotein α-subunit were 0.6 to 2.4 ng/ml, values considerably lower than found in patients with TSH-secreting pituitary tumors. We suggest that the frequency of TSH-induced hyperthyroidism secondary to pituitary insensitivity to thyroid hormone may be higher than presently indicated in the medical literature. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1982;142:1283-1286)
Purine Signaling and Potential New Therapeutic Approach: Possible Outcomes of NTPDase Inhibition (2002)

Interest for extracellular nucleotides has increased since the pioneer work of Burnstock in the early seventies. Research on cellular functions modulated by purines and pyrimidines has led to the identification and characterization of the different components of purine signaling, namely purinoceptors and ecto-nucleotidases. Receptors for tri- and diphosphonucleosides, known as P2 nucleotide receptors, are designated either P2Y receptors, for those coupled to G-proteins, or P2X for those which are ligand gated-ion channels. Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; EC 3.6.1.5), previously identified as ecto-ATPase, ecto-ATPDase or CD39, is now considered as the main ecto-nucleotidase responsible for the sequential hydrolysis of beta and gamma phosphates of tri- and diphosphonucleosides. More recently, research has been focused on the development of specific agonists and antagonists to P2 purinoceptors. The need to develop specific inhibitors for NTPDase to understand the role of this enzyme has clearly emerged. This paper covers the development of specific molecules targeting purinergic signaling, more specifically the inhibition of NTPDase and their impact on the different physiological systems.
Compiler optimizations for improving data locality (1994)

In the past decade, processor speed has become significantly faster than memory speed. Small, fast cache memories are designed to overcome this discrepancy, but they are only effective when programs exhibit data locality . In this paper, we present compiler optimizations to improve data locality based on a simple yet accurate cost model. The model computes both temporal and spatial reuse of cache lines to find desirable loop organizations. The cost model drives the application of compound transformations consisting of loop permutation, loop fusion, loop distribution, and loop reversal. We demonstrate that these program transformations are useful for optimizing many programs. To validate our optimization strategy, we implemented our algorithms and ran experiments on a large collection of scientific programs and kernels. Experiments with kernels illustrate that our model and algorithm can select and achieve the best performance. For over thirty complete applications, we executed the original and transformed versions and simulated cache hit rates. We collected statistics about the inherent characteristics of these programs and our ability to improve their data locality. To our knowledge, these studies are the first of such breadth and depth. We found performance improvements were difficult to achieve because benchmark programs typically have high hit rates even for small data caches; however, our optimizations significantly improved several programs.
Lignin-Like Compounds and Sporopollen in <i>Coleochaete</i> , an Algal Model for Land Plant Ancestry (1989)

Unusual cell wall structure and resistance to microbial degradation led to an investigation of resistant biopolymers in Coleochaete (Chlorophyta, class Charophyceae), a green alga on the evolutionary lineage that led to land plants. In Coleochaete that are undergoing sexual reproduction, vegetative cell walls contain material similar to lignin, a substance generally thought absent from green algae, and the zygote wall includes sporopollenin. Knowledge of chemically resistant compounds in Coleochaete may facilitate interpretation of the fossil record. Placental transfer cells in Coleochaete orbicularis and in the hornwort Anthoceros survive acetolysis and contain lignin-like compounds, implying a close relation between these taxa.
The biscuit and rice cakean alternatives to the oral glucose tolerance test (2017)

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) has been the mainstay for diagnosing diabetes for decades. Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) suggested abandoning the OGTT, while resorting to a simplerscreening test, exclusively based on baseline fasting blood glucose concentration. We have developed a novel product which equalizes 75 g of oral liquid glucose with biscuit and rice cake which is palatable for the person. Rice cake ranked number one according to palatable, low amount of product intake as test and storing for higher period. Digestibility of the product was 50% according to the study. Rice cake will be used for future studies in OGTT test in Sri Lanka after proper screening with patients.
Gd <sup>3+</sup> Complexes as Potential Spin Labels for High Field Pulsed EPR Distance Measurements (2007)

Pulse electron−electron double resonance distance measurements between two high spin Gd3+ ions in a novel bis-Gd3+ complex involving two pyridine-based gadolinium tetracarboxylate systems linked by a rigid aryl−alkyne unit were carried out at Ka- and W-band frequencies. The experimental distance found was 2.02 ± 0.02 nm, and it was further compared with the Gd3+−Gd3+ distance (2.2126 nm) determined by density functional theory.
Bracing for idiopathic scoliosis: Where do we go now? (2000)

ROBERT B. WINTER, MD is a research consultant with the Twin Cities Spine Center and is Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Robert B. Winter, MD, Twin Cities Spine Center, 913 E. 26th Street, Suite 600, Minneapolis, MN, 55404-4515.
Linkage of photoreceptor degeneration by apoptosis with inherited defect in phototransduction. (1994)

Photoreceptor cell death in developing rd/rd retinas occurs by a mechanism that links a defect in the phototransduction cascade with a program for cell death, called apoptosis.
Selective Accessibilities of Hydroxyl Groups in the Microstructure of Cotton Cellulose (1969)

The reactions of 2-chloroethyldiethylamine with the hydroxyl groups at C-2, C-3, and C-6 of the d-glucopyranosyl unit of cotton cellulose were investigated as a means of evaluating the relative accessibilities of these hydroxyl groups in heterogeneous reactions of fibrous cellulose. The relative rate constants for reactions of the individual types of hydroxyl groups were determined from reactions of cellulose in solution and from reactions of disordered cellulose in heterogeneous systems. Quantitative determinations of the distributions of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl substituents in the mono-substituted d-glucopyranosyl units involved hydrolysis of the chemically modified cellulose to glucose and substituted glucoses followed by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. The relative accessibilities of the hydroxyl groups at C-2 and C-3 vs those at C-6 were estimated for crystalline celluloses by employing the relative rate constants (noted above) together with the experimentally measured distributions of substituents resulting from heterogeneous reactions of crystalline celluloses and appropriate kinetic expressions. The relative accessibilities of the hydroxyl groups at C-2, C-3, and C-6 in cellulose in strong mercerizing media approach those of cellulose in solution. In media of lower concentration of sodium hydroxide (i.e., 4 N or 13.9%), selective accessibilities of the individual types of hydroxyl groups become evident, and these selective accessibilities become pronounced in sodium hydroxide solutions of still lower concentrations (e.g., N and 2 N).
Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor Deficiency Causes Impaired Osteoclastogenesis and Increased Bone Mass in Mice because of Defect in Osteoclastic Cell-Cell Fusion (2012)

Osteoporosis is associated with both atherosclerosis and vascular calcification attributed to hyperlipidemia. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms explaining the parallel progression of these diseases remain unclear. Here, we used low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR(-/-)) mice to elucidate the role of LDLR in regulating the differentiation of osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption. Culturing wild-type osteoclast precursors in medium containing LDL-depleted serum decreased receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation, and this defect was additively rescued by simultaneous treatment with native and oxidized LDLs. Osteoclast precursors constitutively expressed LDLR in a RANKL-independent manner. Osteoclast formation from LDLR(-/-) osteoclast precursors was delayed, and the multinucleated cells formed in culture were smaller and contained fewer nuclei than wild-type cells, implying impaired cell-cell fusion. Despite these findings, RANK signaling, including the activation of Erk and Akt, was normal in LDLR(-/-) preosteoclasts, and RANKL-induced expression of NFATc1 (a master regulator of osteoclastogenesis), cathepsin K, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was equivalent in LDLR-null and wild-type cells. In contrast, the amounts of the osteoclast fusion-related proteins v-ATPase V(0) subunit d2 and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein in LDLR(-/-) plasma membranes were reduced when compared with the wild type, suggesting a correlation with impaired cell-cell fusion, which occurs on the plasma membrane. LDLR(-/-) mice consistently exhibited increased bone mass in vivo. This change was accompanied by decreases in bone resorption parameters, with no changes in bone formation parameters. These findings provide a novel mechanism for osteoclast differentiation and improve the understanding of the correlation between osteoclast formation and lipids.