gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of inhibition of mannose-resistant haemagglutination caused by CFA/I, CFA/II, K88 and K99-positive Escherichia coli strains (1985)

We have studied the inhibition of mannose-resistant haemagglutination (MRHA) caused by Escherichia coli strains with CFA/I, CFA/II, K88, K99 and by other faecal E. coli lacking these colonisation antigens, by means of 30 sugar compounds and by enzymatic treatment of erythrocytes with neuraminidase, α-mannosidase, β-galactosidase, trypsin and pronase, and with formaldehyde. Inhibition of MRHA by sugars was effective only in K88-positive strains with d(+)glucosamine, mucic acid and bovine submaxillary mucin. Enzymatic treatment and the formolisation of erythrocytes gave different results on MRHA activity in strains possessing each colonisation antigen type. Results suggest that the erythrocyte receptor for CFA/I and CFA/II may possibly be sialoglycoprotein in which N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) plays an important role, because MRHA activity in these strains was inhibited by treatment of erythrocytes with neuraminidase and pronase. On the other hand, erythrocyte receptors for K88 and K99, like receptors for haemagglutinins of faecal E. coli lacking these colonization antigens, may have other glycoconjugate structures in which proteins and NANA are not essential. Our observations also suggest that the nature (or structure) of the receptor for a specific colonisation antigen on diverse erythrocyte types may be different.
Optimization of protein G chromatography for bio pharmaceutical monoclonal antibodies (1995)

Compared to more stable chromatographic media the use of affinity media with biological ligands such as Protein G Sepharose 4 Fast Flow poses special challenges regarding regeneration and sanitization. This is especially critical for the purification of pharmaceutical proteins, where complete regeneration of the column between runs is of paramount importance. Here, the problems encountered during process development and upscaling of regeneration methods for a Protein G Sepharose Fast Flow column intended for the large-scale purification of pharmaceutical monoclonal antibodies are reported. The initially chosen alkaline regeneration buffer led to an increase in the affinity of Protein G towards antibodies which made elution increasingly difficult. A combination of urea and acetic acid was selected to ensure efficient cleaning of the matrix without affecting ligand properties. Validation experiments were done to demonstrate the functional integrity of the matrix after repeated cycles of use and regeneration, as well as the efficiency of the cleaning process.
The Growth of the Surface Area of the Human Body (1936)

This monograph is a detailed study of the accuracy of prediction of the surface area from various types of mathematical formulas based on height, weight or other measurements. Including the surface area measurements made by herself and those culled from the literature, Boyd has measurements on 1,114 individuals, including the antepartum group, for comparison of the accuracy of the various prediction formulas. The biologic and statistical significance of the various possible formulas will be of interest to those intensively working in this field. Boyd has shown that for the antepartum and postpartum period combined the surface area can be adequately represented, on the basis of height and weight, by a self-adjusting power equation: S = 3 207W<sup>0.7285-0.0188 log w</sup>H<sup>0.3</sup> With this self-adjusting power equation the growth of the surface area is described in a manner similar to that of Scammon in "The Measurement of Man." It is found that growth
Safety and feasibility of acute percutaneous septal sinus shortening: First‐in‐human experience (2007)

The PS(3) System has been safely translated from the preclinical setting to first-in-human implantation. Both patients studied experienced a reduction in MR after device implantation, with significant SLS shortening. Further clinical trials will be needed to assess long-term efficacy and durability.
Plasma acylation stimulating protein, adipsin and lipids in non‐obese and obese populations (1999)

The present data suggest involvement of the ASP/adipsin pathway in the pathogenesis of obesity.
Room-temperature excitonic optical bistability in a GaAs-GaAlAs superlattice étalon (1982)

The quantum wells provided by a superlattice increase the binding energy of the free excitons in GaAs, permitting 300 K bistable operation of a superlattice etalon. The superlattice consists of 61 periods of 336 Å GaAs and 401 Å Ga0.73Al0.27As. The intensities required are about 1 mW/ ( μm)2 and the switching times are 20–40 ns, similar to the low-temperature pure GaAs values. Room-temperature operation of semiconductor etalons enhances the likelihood of all-optical logic and switching.
Photonic generation of a microwave signal by incorporating a delay interferometer and a saturable absorber (2008)

A novel approach to generate microwave signals is presented by employing a dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser. By using a delay interferometer as a comb filter cascaded with a tunable bandpass filter and a saturable absorber formed by an unpumped polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber, a stable wavelength-tunable dual-wavelength single longitudinal-mode laser is achieved. A microwave signal at 20.07 GHz with a linewidth of <25 kHz is demonstrated by beating the two wavelengths at a photodetector.
Onco-Nephrology (2012)

Despite dramatic improvements in patient survival and drug tolerability, nephrotoxicity remains an important complication of chemotherapy. Adverse renal effects occur because of innate drug toxicity and a number of patient- and drug-related factors. To provide cutting edge care for these patients, nephrologists and oncologists must be familiar with the nephrotoxicity of these drugs, particularly their associated clinical and laboratory manifestations. Rapid diagnosis, targeted treatment, and supportive care are critical to improving care for these patients. Unfortunately, some patients who develop nephrotoxicity will be left with long-term complications such as chronic tubulopathies and CKD. Onco-Nephrology is a new area that is rapidly expanding and requires a close working relationship between oncologists and nephrologists.
Multi-Level Debugging for Extensible Languages. (2015)

Multi-level debugging of extensible languages requires lifting program state to the extension level while translating stepping commands to the base-level. Implementing such bi-directional mappings is feasible for languages with a low abstraction level (e. g., C). However, language workbenches support language stacking with a bottom-up approach from lowto high-level (e. g., domain-specific) languages. This way, generation of code written with these high-level languages is incremental. However, languages can have more than one generator, which is selected depending on the execution environment. On the other hand, provision of such flexibility makes multi-level debugging much harder. In this paper, we present an approach on how to enable debugging for such multi-staged generation environments. The approach is illustrated by mbeddr, which is an extensible C language.
An embedded-code multirate speech transform coder (2005)

In embedded multirate speech coding, it is desired to have a transmitter/receiver system that operates efficiently over a wide range of channel transmission rates. We are currently investigating a system based on adaptive transform coding of speech, in which we code and transmit the system parameters and the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of the fullband linear prediction residual waveform. The multirate property of the system is achieved by allowing the channel to discard some of the bits generated by the high data rate transmitter. Stripping off bits results in an absence of DCT components, which the receiver regenerates by a spectral duplication method. An inverse DCT at the receiver yields the time domain residual waveform to be used as input to the linear prediction synthesis filter. The lowest data rate achievable by the system is about 2.5 kb/s, in which case the system reduces to a narrowband LPC pitch-excited vocoder.
Development of a diagnostic glove for unobtrusive measurement of chest compression force and depth during neonatal CPR (2013)

Optimizing chest compression (CC) performance during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critical to improving survival outcomes since current clinical protocols often achieve only a fraction of the native cardiovascular perfusion. This study presents the development of a diagnostic tool to unobtrusively measure the CC depth and force during neonatal CPR using sensors mounted on a glove platform. The performance of the glove was evaluated by infant manikin tests using the two-thumb (TT) and two-finger (TF) methods of CC during simulated, unventilated neonatal CPR. The TT method yielded maximum CC depths and forces of as much as 25.7 ± 3.2 mm and 35.9 ± 2.2 N while the TF method produced CC depths and forces of as much as 21.6 ± 2.2 mm and 23.7 ± 2.9 N. These results are consistent with clinical findings which suggest that TT compression is more effective than TF compression since it produces greater CC depths and forces.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Reactive Monoclonal Antibodies Fail To Inhibit LPS-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor Secretion by Mouse-Derived Macrophages (1989)

Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with epitopes on the O-side chain, core oligosaccharide, or lipid A of Escherichia coli and Salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion by mouse-derived RAW 264.7 macrophages. As little as 50 ng of purified LPS or lipid A stimulated macrophages to produce TNF detectable as cytotoxic activity in an L-929 fibroblast assay. None of 13 MAbs (concentration range, 0.1-1,000 micrograms/mL) blocked LPS- or lipid A (0.025-0.1 micrograms/mL)-induced TNF secretion by RAW 264.7 cells. Rabbit antiserum to synthetic lipid A also failed to block lipid A-induced TNF activity. Similar negative results were obtained when intact bacteria or membrane vesicles were used as TNF inducers. In contrast, polymyxin B, but not the less hydrophobic polymyxin B nonapeptide, produced almost complete inhibition of macrophage TNF secretion induced by LPS, lipid A, membrane vesicles, and intact bacteria. Thus, antibody reactivity with predominantly hydrophilic elements of LPS or lipid A may not affect hydrophobic interactions between lipid A and target cell membranes necessary and sufficient for the induction of TNF. These findings raise doubts concerning the existence of true endotoxin-neutralizing antibodies.
A Simple Formula for the Capacitance of a Disc on Dielectric on a Plane (1982)

There is presented a simple explicit formula for the capacitance of a thin circular disc on a dielectric substrate on a plane (so-called "microstrip"). It gives continuous coverage of all shape ratios (r/h) and all dielectrics (k). The formula is developed by transition between asymptotic formulas for small and large discs, and by interpolation between bounding formulas for lo- k and hi- k. The presentation and devlopment are facilitated by a reference formula which is the sum of the C is less than 0.004 for all conditions
Ross River Virus Transmission, Infection, and Disease: a Cross-Disciplinary Review (2001)

Ross River virus (RRV) is a fascinating, important arbovirus that is endemic and enzootic in Australia and Papua New Guinea and was epidemic in the South Pacific in 1979 and 1980. Infection with RRV may cause disease in humans, typically presenting as peripheral polyarthralgia or arthritis, sometimes with fever and rash. RRV disease notifications in Australia average 5,000 per year. The first well-described outbreak occurred in 1928. During World War II there were more outbreaks, and the name epidemic polyarthritis was applied. During a 1956 outbreak, epidemic polyarthritis was linked serologically to a group A arbovirus (Alphavirus). The virus was subsequently isolated from Aedes vigilax mosquitoes in 1963 and then from epidemic polyarthritis patients. We review the literature on the evolutionary biology of RRV, immune response to infection, pathogenesis, serologic diagnosis, disease manifestations, the extraordinary variety of vertebrate hosts, mosquito vectors, and transmission cycles, antibody prevalence, epidemiology of asymptomatic and symptomatic human infection, infection risks, and public health impact. RRV arthritis is due to joint infection, and treatment is currently based on empirical anti-inflammatory regimens. Further research on pathogenesis may improve understanding of the natural history of this disease and lead to new treatment strategies. The burden of morbidity is considerable, and the virus could spread to other countries. To justify and design preventive programs, we need accurate data on economic costs and better understanding of transmission and behavioral and environmental risks.
Photon-Efficient Computational 3D and Reflectivity Imaging with Single-Photon Detectors (2014)

Capturing depth and reflectivity images at low light levels from active illumination of a scene has wide-ranging applications. Conventionally, even with single-photon detectors, hundreds of photon detections are needed at each pixel to mitigate Poisson noise. We develop a robust method for estimating depth and reflectivity using on the order of 1 detected photon per pixel averaged over the scene. Our computational imager combines physically accurate single-photon counting statistics with exploitation of the spatial correlations present in real-world reflectivity and 3D structure. Experiments conducted in the presence of strong background light demonstrate that our computational imager is able to accurately recover scene depth and reflectivity, while traditional maximum-likelihood based imaging methods lead to estimates that are highly noisy. Our framework increases photon efficiency 100-fold over traditional processing and also improves, somewhat, upon first-photon imaging under a total acquisition time constraint in raster-scanned operation. Thus our new imager will be useful for rapid, low-power, and noise-tolerant active optical imaging, and its fixed dwell time will facilitate parallelization through use of a detector array.
Motion planning for urban driving using RRT (2008)

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the motion planning subsystem for the MIT DARPA Urban Challenge vehicle. The approach is based on the Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRT) algorithm. The purpose of this paper is to present the numerous extensions made to the standard RRT algorithm that enable the on-line use of RRT on robotic vehicles with complex, unstable dynamics and significant drift, while preserving safety in the face of uncertainty and limited sensing. The paper includes numerous simulation and race results that clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the planning system.
Effect of omeprazole on intragastric bacterial counts, nitrates, nitrites, and N-nitroso compounds. (1994)

Previous studies have suggested that profound inhibition of gastric acid secretion may increase exposure to potentially carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds. The aim of this study was to find out if the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole (20 mg daily) is associated with increased concentrations of potentially carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds in gastric juice. The volume of gastric contents, number of bacteria, and concentrations of nitrates, nitrites, and N-nitroso compounds was determined in gastric aspirates obtained after an overnight fast in 14 healthy volunteers (7M:7F) after one week of treatment with placebo, and one and two weeks' treatment with omeprazole. Median bacterial concentrations were 1.0 x 10(4) (range 5.0 x 10(3)-5.0 x 10(6)) colony forming units (CFU)/ml after one weeks' treatment with placebo and increased significantly to 4.0 x 10(5) (0-3.3 x 10(7)) CFU/ml after two weeks' treatment with omeprazole (p < 0.05). A similar increase was seen in the concentration of nitrate reducing bacteria. There was no difference in the volume of gastric aspirates after treatment with omeprazole when compared with placebo (65 (29-155) ml v 42 (19-194) ml). The concentration of N-nitroso compounds was 0.13 (0-1.0) mumol/l after two weeks of omeprazole, which was not significantly different from that seen with placebo (0.15 (0-0.61) mumol/l). There was also no increase in the concentrations of nitrates or nitrites. It is concluded that omeprazole (20 mg once daily) for two weeks in healthy volunteers is associated with gastric bacterial proliferation but does not increase concentrations of N-nitroso compounds.
Preparation of a bio-based epoxy with comparable properties to those of petroleum-based counterparts (2012)

In this paper a bio-based epoxy with outstanding thermal and mechanical properties was synthesized using a rosin-based epoxy monomer and a rosin-based curing agent. The chemical structures of rosin based epoxy monomer and curing agent were confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra. The flexural mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties as well as thermal stability of the cured epoxy were investigated. The results showed that the cured epoxy exhibited a glass transition temperature (T g ) of 164C and its flexural strength and modulus were as high as 70 and 2200 MPa, respectively. This indicated that a wholly bio-based epoxy resin possessing high performance was successfully obtained.
De camino hacia la unidad alemana : cronología de los acontecimientos (1995)

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I.—Harmine and harmaline. Part IX. A synthesis of harmaline (1927)

R. H. F. Manske, W. H. Perkin and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1927, 1 DOI: 10.1039/JR9270000001
The combining classifier: to train or not to train? (2003)

When more than a single classifier has been trained for the same recognition problem the question arises how this set of classifiers may be combined into a final decision rule. Several fixed combining rules are used that depend on the output values of the base classifiers only. They are almost always suboptimal. Usually, however, training sets are available. They may be used to calibrate the base classifier outputs, as well as to build a trained combining classifier using these outputs as inputs. It depends on various circumstances whether this is useful, in particular whether the training set is used for the base classifiers as well and whether they are overtrained. We present an intuitive discussion on the use of trained combiners, relating the question of the choice of the combining classifier to a similar choice in the area of dissimilarity based pattern recognition. Some simple examples are used to illustrate the discussion.
SELENIUM DIOXIDE AS A CONSTITUENT OF GLASSES <sup>1</sup> (1931)

ABSTRACT SeO 2 is added as selenious acid (H 2 SeO 3 ) and as sodium selenite (Na 2 SeO 3 to the oxides Na 2 O, CaO, BaO, PbO, B 2 0 3 , and SiO 2 to form glasses and crystalline melts containing apprcciable amounts of SeO 2 . The chemical analysis of glasses shows the vaporization of SeOn to be high during the melting stage. Most of these glasses are unstable in air or water. A relatively stable glass contained Na 2 O 33.4%, CaO 12.4%, B 2 O 3 37.6%, SiO 2 5.8%, SeO 2 10.8%. Melting several compositions in a closed container yielded opaque or crystalline melts, whereas the same compositions melted in air with a partial volatilization of SeO 2 gave clear glasses.
Promising therapeutic approaches using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2020)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive hereditary monogenic disorder caused by inability to produce dystrophin protein. In most patients, the expression of dystrophin lost due to disrupting mutations in open reading frame. Despite the efforts in a large number of different therapeutic approaches to date, the treatments available for DMD remain mitigative and supportive to improve the symptoms of the disease, rather than to be curative. The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized genome editing scope and considered as pioneer in effective genomic engineering. Deletions or excisions of intragenic DNA by CRISPR as well as a similar strategy with exon skipping at the DNA level induced by antisense oligonucleotides, are new and promising approaches in correcting <i>DMD</i> gene, which restore the expression of a truncated but functional dystrophin protein. Also, CRISPR/Cas9 technology can be used to treat DMD by removing duplicated exons, precise correction of causative mutation by HDR-based pathway and inducing the expression of compensatory proteins such as utrophin. In this study, we briefly explained the molecular genetics of DMD and a historical overview of DMD gene therapy. We in particular focused on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated therapeutic approaches that used to treat DMD.
Angular Correlation of Gamma Radiations from Oriented Nuclei (1956)

The angular correlation between the cascaded gamma rays following the decay of ${\mathrm{Co}}^{60}$ nuclei oriented at low temperatures has been determined. Comparison with the directional anisotropy of the individual gamma rays affords a test of the theory of Cox and Tolhoek largely independent of hyperfine interaction details and temperature determination. The theoretical predictions are confirmed.