gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Efficient Supercomputing: A Quest for the Right Metric (2005)

Over the past decade, we have been building less and less efficient supercomputers, resulting in the construction of substantially larger machine rooms and even new buildings. In addition, because of the thermal power envelope of these supercomputers, a small fortune must be spent to cool them. These infrastructure costs coupled with the additional costs of administering and maintaining such (unreliable) supercomputers dramatically increases their total cost of ownership. As a result, there has been substantial interest in recent years to produce more reliable and more efficient supercomputers that are easy to maintain and use. But how does one quantify efficient supercomputing? That is, what metric should be used to evaluate how efficiently a supercomputer delivers answers? We argue that existing efficiency metrics such as the performance-power ratio are insufficient and motivate the need for a new type of efficiency metric, one that incorporates notions of reliability, availability, productivity, and total cost of ownership (TCO), for instance. In doing so, however, this paper raises more questions than it answers with respect to efficiency. And in the end, we still return to the performance-power ratio as an efficiency metric with respect to power and use it to evaluate a menagerie of processor platforms in order to provide a set of reference data points for the high-performance computing community.
Inherited Nonsyndromic Ichthyoses: An Update on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment (2017)

Hereditary ichthyoses are due to mutations on one or both alleles of more than 30 different genes, mainly expressed in the upper epidermis. Syndromic as well as nonsyndromic forms of ichthyosis exist. Irrespective of etiology, virtually all types of ichthyosis exhibit a defective epidermal barrier that constitutes the driving force for hyperkeratosis, skin scaling, and inflammation. In nonsyndromic forms, these features are most evident in severe autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) and epidermolytic ichthyosis, but to some extent also occur in the common type of non-congenital ichthyosis. A correct diagnosis of ichthyosis-essential not only for genetic counseling but also for adequate patient information about prognosis and therapeutic options-is becoming increasingly feasible thanks to recent progress in genetic knowledge and DNA sequencing methods. This paper reviews the most important aspects of nonsyndromic ichthyoses, focusing on new knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disorders, which will hopefully lead to novel ideas about therapy.
Lessons from a Trial of Acupuncture and Massage for Low Back Pain (2001)

The results of this study suggest that patient expectations may influence clinical outcome independently of the treatment itself. In contrast, general optimism about treatment, divorced from a specific treatment, is not strongly associated with outcome. These results may have important implications for clinical trial design and recruitment, and may help to explain the apparent success of some conventional and alternative therapies in trials that do not control for patient expectations. The findings also may be important for therapy choices made in the clinical setting.
Non-Arrhenius Temperature Acceleration and Stress-Dependent Voltage Acceleration for Semiconductor Device Involving Multiple Failure Mechanisms (2006)

In this paper, we study temperature and voltage acceleration of semiconductor device with multiple intrinsic failure mechanisms involved: hot carrier injection (HCI), time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) and negative bias temperature instability (NBTI). Simulation shows that system activation energy and voltage acceleration parameter depend on stress temperature and voltage. A modified Arrhenius relationship is proposed to model the temperature dependence of device lifetime at given voltage. A modified exponential model is also proposed to model the voltage dependence of device lifetime at given temperature
Diffraction phase microscopy imaging and multi-physics modeling of the nanoscale thermal expansion of a suspended resistor (2017)

We studied the nanoscale thermal expansion of a suspended resistor both theoretically and experimentally and obtained consistent results. In the theoretical analysis, we used a three-dimensional coupled electrical-thermal-mechanical simulation and obtained the temperature and displacement field of the suspended resistor under a direct current (DC) input voltage. In the experiment, we recorded a sequence of images of the axial thermal expansion of the central bridge region of the suspended resistor at a rate of 1.8 frames/s by using epi-illumination diffraction phase microscopy (epi-DPM). This method accurately measured nanometer level relative height changes of the resistor in a temporally and spatially resolved manner. Upon application of a 2 V step in voltage, the resistor exhibited a steady-state increase in resistance of 1.14 Ω and in relative height of 3.5 nm, which agreed reasonably well with the predicted values of 1.08 Ω and 4.4 nm, respectively.
Joint Node and Link Assignment in an STDMA Network (2007)

Spatial re-use TDMA (STDMA) is a medium access control (MAC) protocol which allows multiple transmitter-receiver pairs to communicate simultaneously, as long as they do not interfere too much with each other. Node and link assignment strategies for spatial re-use TDMA networks have previously been studied independently. The metric chosen in these studies is the uniform capacity, the minimum rate at which any node can communicate with any other node in the network. It has been shown that for large frame lengths, node assignment leads to lower spatial re-use than link assignment, resulting in lower uniform capacity than link assignment. In this paper, we first explore the behaviour of node and link assignment at small frame lengths. We show that node assignment achieves non-zero throughput values at lower frame lengths than link assignment, and that it outperforms link assignment at small frame lengths. This motivates the need for an assignment strategy that performs well for all values of the frame length. We propose a joint node-link assignment strategy and show that it performs as well as node assignment at small frame lengths and as well as link assignment at large frame lengths, while exceeding the performance of both node and link assignment at intermediate frame lengths.
Validation of respiratory signal derived from suprasternal notch acceleration for sleep apnea detection (2011)

This study evaluates the respiration signal derived from an accelerometer mounted on the suprasternal notch in three body positions and three respiration types simulating normal sleep conditions. The Acceleration Derived Respiratory signal (ADR) is compared with single strain gauge belt and a standard spirometry signal taken as reference. The results demonstrate the potential of ADR as a simple, low cost and unintrusive method of screening breath disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea.
The Role of Accounting (2012)

This chapter describes the role of accounting in organization. In the face of more intensive competition, many companies are also merging, or acquiring subsidiaries. This adds a great deal of complexity to the accounting staffs work, for it must coordinate a multitude of additional tasks in other locations. This includes setting up standard procedures for the processing of receipts, shipments, and cash. Closing the financial books at the end of each reporting period becomes much more complex, as the accounting staff must coordinate the assembly and consolidation of information from multiple subsidiaries. It is found that even if a company decides to consolidate all of its accounting facilities into one central processing location to avoid all this trouble, it still requires the management expertise to bring together the disparate accounting systems into a smoothly operating facility.
Editorial January 2016 (2016)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
An Underwater Robotic Manipulator with Soft Bladders and Compact Depth-Independent Actuation (2020)

An underwater manipulator is essential for underwater robotic sampling and other service operations. Conventional rigid body underwater manipulators generally required substantial size and weight, leading to hindered general applications. Pioneering soft robotic underwater manipulators have defied this by offering dexterous and lightweight arms and grippers, but still requiring substantial actuation and control components to withstand the water pressure and achieving the desired dynamic performance. In this work, we propose a novel approach to underwater manipulator design and control, exploiting the unique characteristics of soft robots, with a hybrid structure (rigid frame+soft actuator) for improved rigidity and force output, a uniform actuator design allowing one compact hydraulic actuation system to drive all actuators, and a novel fully customizable soft bladder design that improves performances in multiple areas: (1) force output of the actuator is decoupled from the working depth, enabling wide working ranges; (2) all actuators are connected to the main hydraulic line without actuator-specific control loop, resulting in a very compact actuation system especially for high-dexterity cases; (3) dynamic responses were improved significantly compared with the counter system without bladder. A prototype soft manipulator with 4-DOFs, dual bladders, and 15 N payload was developed; the entire system (including actuation, control, and batteries) could be mounted onto a consumer-grade remotely operated vehicle, with depth-independent performances validated by various laboratory and field test results across various climatic and hydrographic conditions. Analytical models and validations of the proposed soft bladder design were also presented as a guideline for other applications.
Novel method of estimation flicker frequency noise in lasers (1990)

A simple method is proposed for the precise measurement of flicker (1/f) frequency noise in lasers. The method is based on measurement of the Allan variance of beat signals produced by delayed self-heterodyning. A simple relation between measured variance and frequency-noise spectrum is derived analytically. Measurement on a 1.5- mu m semiconductor laser diode is presented. It is pointed out that since the method possesses the great advantage of insensitivity to optical power fluctuations, it can be widely used for precisely testing laser frequency quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protective Immunity to Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis in AIDS Is Associated with CMV‐Specific T Cells That Express Interferon‐γ and Interleukin‐2 and Have a CD8<sup>+</sup>Cell Early Maturational Phenotype (2006)

To determine potential correlates of immune recovery from AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR), multiparameter flow cytometry was used to characterize CMV-specific T cells from subjects with CMVR. Individuals with active retinitis were compared with those who had been clinically immunorestored by antiretroviral therapy and had > or =2 years of ophthalmologic follow-up without anti-CMV therapy or retinitis reactivation or progression. In comparison with patients with active retinitis, immunorestored patients had higher circulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressing interleukin-2 and interferon- gamma in response to combined CMV pp65 and IE1 peptide pool stimulation. CD4(+) T cell responses were predominantly to pp65, whereas CD8(+) T cell responses were predominantly to IE. Immunorestored patients, compared with patients with active retinitis, had increased levels of circulating CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells with "early" (CD27(+)CD28(+)CD45RA(+), CD27(+)CD28(+)CD45RA(-)) and "intermediate" (CD27(-)CD28(+)CD45RA(-)) phenotypes. Recovery from AIDS-related CMVR after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy may be mediated by CMV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells capable of promoting antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation.
Orientations to work and employee turnover (2004)

<p>This discussion on labour turnover in the hospitality industry takes a wider perspective, including the individual's personal priorities, social relationships and any wider structural constraints, such as family or education. These factors combine to produce a certain orientation, or attitude, towards work. The discussion is based on the findings of 24 formal interviews with hospitality employees in the UK. Four categories of hospitality employees according to their attitudes towards work are described: the instrumental employee; the solidaristic employee; the professionally orientated employee; and the craft-orientated employee.</p>
Model Selection Strategies for Author Disambiguation (2011)

Author disambiguation is a prerequisite for utilizing bibliographic metadata in citation analysis. Automatic disambiguation algorithms mostly rely on cluster-based disambiguation strategies for identifying unique authors given their names and publications. However, most approaches rely on knowing the correct number of unique authors a-priori, which is rarely the case in real world settings. In this publication we analyse cluster-based disambiguation strategies and develop a model selection method to estimate the number of distinct authors based on co-authorship networks. We show that, given clean textual features, the developed model selection method provides accurate guesses of the number of unique authors.
Fluorigenic method for the assay of proteinase activity with the use of 4-methylumbelliferyl-casein (1983)

A method for the preparation of casein labelled with the 4-methylumbelliferyl fluorophore is described, and the product was used as a fluorigenic macromolecular substrate for a sensitive assay of the activity of proteinases. Nanogram quantities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase and cathepsin D can be detected, but the substrate is unaffected by cathepsin B.
A compiler method for the parallel execution of irregular reductions in scalable shared memory multiprocessors (2000)

This paper presents a new parallelization method for reductions of arrays with subscripted subscripts on scalable shared memory multiprocessors. The mapping of computations is based on grouping reduction loop iterations into sets that are further assigned to the cooperating threads of computation. Iterations belonging to the same set are chosen in such a way that update different entries in the reduction array. That is, the loop distribution implies a conflict-free write distribution of the reduction array. The iteration sets are set up by building a loop-index prefetching data structure that allows to reorder properly the loop iterations. The proposed method is general, scalable, and easy to implement on a compiler. In addition it deals in a uniform way with one and multiple subscript arrays. In case of multiple indirection arrays, writes on the reduction array affecting different sets are solved by defining conflict-free supersets. A performance evaluation is presented. From the experimental results and performance analysis, the proposed method appears as a clear alternative to the array expansion and privatized buffer techniques, used on state-of-the-art parallelizing compilers, like Polaris or SUIF. The scalability problem that those techniques exhibit is missing in our method, as the memory overhead presented does not depend on the number of processors.
Methanol Adduct of Puupehenone, a Biologically Active Derivative from the Marine Sponge<i> Hyrtios</i> Species (1999)

A methanol adduct of puupehenone (1), 15alpha-methoxypuupehenol (2), an artifact resulting from the action of MeOH on puupehenone, was isolated during purification of the CH(2)Cl(2) extract of the New Caledonian marine sponge Hyrtios sp., as the major constituent. Its chemical structure was elucidated by 2D NMR experiments. Compound 2 displayed similar antimicrobial and antifungal activity as puupehenone and a lower cytotoxic activity toward KB cells with ED(50) values of 6 and 0.5 microg/mL, respectively. Compound 2 was slightly more active against three strains of Plasmodium falciparum than puupehenone.
Availability models for hyper-converged cloud computing infrastructures (2018)

The software-defined data center (SDDC) concept replaces the older, scattered and disorganized silo-based architecture. The SDDC adoption implies the reduction of expenses with staff management and the infrastructure improvement, which becomes easier-to-keep, due mainly to the possibility to virtualize all these computational resources. Also, due to the components standardization, the required physical space to store, provide and maintain these environments have decreased. But a problem still remains, how to keep the system and service provisioning working under a stringent Service Level Agreement (SLA)? High Available (HA) environments have an annual downtime of fewer than five minutes; this is the closest that one can reach from a 100% of availability, usually many layers of redundancy are required to achieve this value. This paper evaluates the hyper-convergence, one of the ways to reach HA in cloud computing environments, but with fewer components than typical architectures. The hyper-convergence on OpenStack cloud computing platform utilizes a distributed storage mechanism to reduce the expenses with storage devices. To the proposed environments evaluation, some behavioral models were created, these models show how advantageous are distributed storage systems over typical ones. The availability results pointed out that the full triple redundancy environment availability values are pretty close to the ones extracted from a hyper-convergent environment even with 33% more components.
Synthesis of novel chiral ruthenium complexes of 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl and their use as asymmetric catalysts (1985)

Reactions of [RuCl2(COD)]n(COD = cyclo-octa-1,5-diene) with the chiral bidentate phosphine ligands 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl, BINAP, and 2,2′-bis(di-p-tolylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl, p-tolyl-BINAP, give new chiral ruthenium(II) complexes, Ru2Cl4(BINAP)2(NEt3)and Ru2Cl4(p-toly-BINAP)2(NEt3) respectively, which serve as excellent catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation of alkenes and some cyclic anhydrides.
Numerical modeling and verification of gas flow through a network of crossed narrow v-grooves (2006)

The gas flow through a network of crossing thin micro-machined channels has been successfully modeled and simulated. The crossings are formed by two sets of v-grooves that intersect as two silicon wafers are bonded together. The gas is distributed from inlets via a manifold of channels to the narrow v-grooves. The narrow v-grooves could work as a particle filter. The fluidic model is derived from the Navier–Stokes equation and assumes laminar isothermal flow and incorporates small Knudsen number corrections and Poiseuille number calculations. The simulations use the finite element method. Several elements of the full crossing network model are treated separately before lumping them together: the straight v-grooves, a single crossing in an infinite set and a set of exactly four crossings along the flow path. The introduction of a crossing effectively corresponds to a virtual reduction of the length of the flow path, thereby defining a new effective length. The first and last crossings of each flow path together contribute to a pressure drop equal to that from three ordinary crossings. The derived full network model has been compared to previous experimental results on several differently shaped crossed v-groove networks. Within the experimental errors, the model corresponds to the mass flow and pressure drop measurements. The main error source is the uncertainty in v-groove width which has a profound impact on the fluidic behavior.
Tacit Knowing and the Concept of Mind (1971)

Journal Article Tacit Knowing and the Concept of Mind Get access William T. Scott William T. Scott University of Nevada, Reno Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 21, Issue 82, January 1971, Pages 22–35, https://doi.org/10.2307/2217567 Published: 01 January 1971
FT-Raman Spectroscopy with Fiber-Optic Probes and a Diode-Bar-Pumped Nd:YAG Laser (1991)

FT-Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a useful technique for measuring spectra in the absence of interfering fluorescence. Previous measurements have used conventional 90° or 180° sampling geometries, with the use of lenses or mirrors. In this paper, spectra have been measured with the use of a bifurcated fiber-optic bundle, which both delivers the laser excitation to the sample and collects the scattered light, delivering it to the spectrometer. The sampling is easy and routine, requiring almost no sample alignment, and provides a quick and convenient method of remote sampling. Additionally, a prototype diode-bar-pumped Nd: YAG laser was used as the excitation source. This compact laser provides more than adequate power to allow the acquisition of high-quality Raman data. A comparison between this laser and a more conventional flash-lamp-pumped Nd:YAG laser is made.
Interference fringes obtained on VEGA with two optical telescopes (1975)

Two small telescopes spaced by 12 m have been operated as a Michelson stellar interferometer. The system may be expanded progressively into a telescope array. Plans are made for starting a multinational array with a pair of 1.5-m telescopes.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RED SPRING WHEAT, <i>TRITICUM AESTIVUM</i> L. CV. KATEPWA, DURING HEADING AND ANTHESIS TO DAMAGE BY WHEAT MIDGE, <i>SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA</i> (GÉHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) (1996)

Abstract In a 3-year field study, potted plants of ‘Katepwa’ wheat, Triticum aestivum L., were exposed to ovipositing wheat midge. Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), to determine when spikes are most susceptible to damage. After exposure, plants were maintained under controlled conditions for 4 weeks and examined for wheal midge larvae and damaged kernels, ‘Katepwa’ wheat became susceptible to wheat midge damage shortly after spikes emerged from the boot leaf. Location of larvae and damaged kernels within spikes was influenced by the duration spikelets were exposed to oviposition and pattern of anthesis within spikes. In 1992, frequencies of larvae and damaged kernels were 60–90 times higher in spikes exposed to oviposition during advanced heading (stages 57–59, Zadoks’ code) than in those exposed during flowering (stages 61–69). Kernel damage in spikes exposed to oviposition during stages 57–59, 61–65, and 65–70 was 48.5, 3.2, and 0.2%, respectively, in 1993 and 21.2, 1.0, and 0.6%, respectively, in 1994. Data indicated that susceptibility to midge damage declined 15- to 25-fold between heading and early anthesis and 35- to 240-fold between heading and advanced anthesis. Potential factors contributing to these declines and concomitant reductions in larval frequencies are discussed. Commercial fields of ‘Katepwa’ wheat should be monitored for ovipositing wheat midge throughout heading (stages 51–59) when spikes are most vulnerable to damage. Larval survival and kernel damage were so low after stage 61 that monitoring during anthesis should be unnecessary. Intensive inspection of fields throughout heading would ensure that chemical treatments are applied when they are necessary and most effective.