gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Microenvironmental Changes Induced by Protein Adsorption onto Self-Assembled Monolayers using an Extended Gate-Field Effect Transistor (2010)

Nonspecific protein adsorption on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) alkanethiols with various terminal groups was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively using an extended gate-field effect transistor (extended gate-FET). The SAMs were characterized by XPS, cyclic voltammogram and water contact angle measurements. Changes in gate voltage of 1 mV caused by intrinsic charges of adsorbed protein on an undecanethiol SAM in 15 mM Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline were equivalent to 3.6 ng cm(-2), 1.3 ng cm(-2), and 16 ng cm(-2) for bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme, and bovine plasma fibrinogen (BPF), respectively, as calculated by the Debye-Huckel model. Adsorption coefficients, maximum adsorption densities, and Gibbs free energies of adsorption were successfully determined using the Langmuir equation. The isotherms depended on the surface properties of the SAMs for BSA and lysozyme adsorption. In contrast, changes in gate voltage were almost independent of SAM type for BPF adsorption. Adsorption of large proteins may not be quantitatively detected because of the large dimensions of the biomolecules compared with the Debye length. In summary, the FET measurement is a nonlabeling, highly sensitive, and quantitative method for detecting nonspecific adsorption of small proteins with dimensions that are comparable to the Debye length of a solution.
Acceleration of XML Parsing through Prefetching (2012)

Extensible Markup Language (XML) has become a widely adopted standard for data representation and exchange. However, its features also introduce significant overhead threatening the performance of modern applications. In this paper, we present a study of XML parsing and determine that memory-side data loading in the parsing stage incurs a significant performance overhead, as much as the computation does. Hence, we propose memory-side acceleration which incorporates of data prefetching techniques, and can be applied on top of computation-side acceleration to speed up the XML data parsing. To this end, we study here the impact of our proposed scheme on the performance and energy consumption and demonstrated how it is capable of improving performance by up to 20 percent as well as produce up to 12.77 percent of energy saving when implemented in 32-nm technology. In addition, we implement a prefetcher on an platform in an effort to evaluate its implementation feasibility in terms of area and energy overhead.
The origins of the Hegelian project: tensions in the father's world (1981)

In the fall of 1788, Hegel, who had just passed his eighteenth birthday, left his parental home in Stuttgart in order to begin a five-year program of theological study at the Protestant Seminary (Stift) in Tübingen. By going to Tübingen he was acting in conformity with the long-standing wishes of his father, and following the traditional avenue toward becoming a man of importance in his father's world. During the years at home and school in which the young Hegel was being prepared for his future vocation as a spiritual leader in the traditional culture of Old Württemberg (Altwürttemberg), however, this world was characterized by increasing political, social, and cultural tensions. Contrary to his father's hopes and expectations, Hegel's experience at Tübingen led not to a personal identification with the vocation that had been chosen for him, but to a radical disinheritance and commitment to liberation from the whole cultural world that had provided that vocation with meaning and importance. Hegel would later describe this crisis in terms of a universal revolution in man's cultural development, but the manner in which he perceived the general transformation was conditioned by the conceptual and experiential framework he brought to it from his own particular past in the ancien régime. When his father died in 1799, Hegel used his inheritance to finance the beginning of the academic career and philosophical vocation that defined his cultural identity for a new age.
Discrete Dopant Fluctuations in 20-nm/15-nm-Gate Planar CMOS (2008)

We experimentally quantified, for the first time, the random dopant distribution (RDD)-induced threshold voltage standard deviation up to 40 mV for 20-nm-gate planar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) field-effect transistors. Discrete dopants have been statistically positioned in the 3-D channel region to examine the associated carrier transportation characteristics, concurrently capturing ldquodopant concentration variationrdquo and ldquodopant position fluctuation.rdquo As the gate length further scales down to 15 nm, the newly developed discrete dopant scheme features an effective solution to suppress the 3-sigma-edge single-digit dopant-induced variation by the gate work function modulation. The results of this paper may postpone the scaling limit projected for planar CMOS.
Insulin response to carbohydrate ingestion after gastric surgery with special reference to hypoglycaemia (1969)

Factors responsible for spontaneous hypoglycaemia were investigated in 23 gastrectomy patients and two patients with vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Plasma insulin and capillary blood glucose levels were followed after giving 175 ml of 50% glucose orally. In gastrectomy patients a significant correlation was found between the height of the peak blood glucose and insulin levels for the same individual. Patients with high peak glucose and insulin levels were significantly more likely to develop hypoglycaemia later in the test. These findings are compatible with the suggestion that the major factor predisposing to hypoglycaemia is a faster than average rate of emptying of the gastric remnant, but this does not explain all the results. In two cases, hypoglycaemia followed an abnormally large insulin response to oral glucose. The results of insulin injection tests in 14 patients do not exclude the further possibility that in some cases hypoglycaemia is due to excessive insulin sensitivity.
REOVIRUS TYPE 2 ISOLATED FROM CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (2004)

An 8-week-old female infant presented with a history of active varicella complicated by Escherichia coli sepsis, oral thrush, hypoalbuminemia, intermittent fevers, diarrhea and feeding intolerance. Rhesus monkey kidney cells inoculated with cerebrospinal fluid revealed reovirus-like particles by electron microscopy. Virus neutralization and RNA-gel electrophoresis studies identified the isolated pathogen as reovirus serotype 2. This report represents one of only a few to isolate reovirus from the central nervous system in humans.
Overview of depression and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease (1989)

The authors reviewed 30 studies on Alzheimer's disease to determine the prevalence and phenomenology of affective and psychotic symptoms in patients with this disorder. Depressive and psychotic symptoms occurred in 30%-40% of the Alzheimer's disease patients. Isolated symptoms were two to three times as frequent as diagnosable affective or psychotic disorders. Paranoid delusions were the most common psychotic symptoms reported. Implications of the relationship of psychiatric symptoms to the clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease, patterns of cognitive dysfunction, clinical management, and areas for future research are discussed.
SMA Household-Applications from Superelastic Tooth Brush to Fully Automated Cat's Toilet (1995)

Recent trends in the application of SMA's have been to use superelasticity rather than the shape memory effect itself. With the exception of medical advices, the thermally activated shape memory is predominantly used in applications where the SMA element can perform its job within a wide range of tolerance with regards to "switching" temperature and cycling time.
Reliability and performance of submicron LDD NMOSFET's with buried As n<sup>-</sup>impurity profiles (1985)

The reliability and performance of submicron LDD NMOSFET's with retrograde Arsenic impurity profiles in the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> region were investigated. These structures were compared to devices with conventional As drains and phosphorus-implanted (P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ) LDD's. Reduced substrate current was expected from 2D simulation and was confirmed experimentally. Lifetime under DC stress was improved by a factor of 15 over that observed for LDD devices. Transconductance was 93% of a conventional NMOSFET and 5% greater than a LDD FET having a P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> implant of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4 \times 10^{13}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , CMOS ring oscillator stage delay was equal to or better than the delay for LDD and conventional NMOSFET's and depicted a tradeoff between g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> and gate-drain overlap capacitance C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dg</inf> . Short channel effects were evaluated for L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</inf> down to 0.45 µm and found to be similar to standard LDD designs.
Incoherent Bi off-centering in Bi<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Ti<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>and Bi<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Ru<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>: Insulator versus metal (2011)

In the cubic, stoichiometric oxide compounds Bi${}_{2}$Ti${}_{2}$O${}_{6}$O${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ (also written as Bi${}_{2}$Ti${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$) and Bi${}_{2}$Ru${}_{2}$O${}_{6}$O${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ (also written as Bi${}_{2}$Ru${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$) Bi${}^{3+}$ ions on the pyrochlore $A$ site display a propensity to off-center. Unlike Bi${}_{2}$Ti${}_{2}$O${}_{6}$O${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, Bi${}_{2}$Ru${}_{2}$O${}_{6}$O${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is a metal, so it is of interest to ask whether conduction electrons and/or involvement of Bi 6$s$ states at the Fermi energy influence Bi${}^{3+}$ displacements. The Bi${}^{3+}$ off-centering in Bi${}_{2}$Ti${}_{2}$O${}_{6}$O${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ has previously been revealed to be incoherent from detailed reverse Monte Carlo analysis of total neutron scattering. Similar analysis of Bi${}_{2}$Ru${}_{2}$O${}_{6}$O${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ reveals incoherent off-centering as well, but of smaller magnitude and with distinctly different orientational preference. Analysis of the distributions of metal to oxygen distances presented suggests that Bi in both compounds is entirely Bi${}^{3+}$. Disorder in Bi${}_{2}$Ti${}_{2}$O${}_{6}$O${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ has the effect of stabilizing valence while simultaneously satisfying the steric constraint imposed by the presence of the lone pair of electrons. In Bi${}_{2}$Ru${}_{2}$O${}_{6}$O${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, off-centering is not required to satisfy valence and seems to be driven by the lone pair. Decreased volume of the lone pair may be a result of partial screening by conduction electrons.
A provable secure pairing-free certificateless identification scheme (2014)

Certificateless identification (CLI) schemes offer an alternative solution to the certificate management problem of traditional identification schemes, as well as remove the key escrow from key generation, an inherent property of identity-based identification. In this paper, we provide a pairing-free CLI scheme, provable secure against passive and active/concurrent attacks for both Type-1 and Type-2 adversaries. This shows that our scheme is computationally efficient because no bilinear pairings are involved.
5-OMe-UDP is a Potent and Selective P2Y<sub>6</sub>-Receptor Agonist (2010)

P2Y nucleotide receptors (P2Y-Rs) play important physiological roles. However, most of the P2Y-R subtypes are still lacking potent and selective agonists and antagonists. Based on data mining analysis of binding interactions in 44 protein-uridine nucleos(t)ides complexes, we designed uracil nucleotides, substituted at the C5/C6 position. All C6-substituted derivatives were inactive at the P2Y(2,4,6)-Rs, while out of the C5-substituted analogues, only 5-OMe-UD(T)P showed activity. To rationalize the data, the ionization and conformation of these analogues were evaluated. The pK(a) values of most analogues substituted at the C5/C6 positions were unaltered compared to UTP (pK(a) 9.42), except for 5-F-UTP nucleotide (pK(a) 7.85). C6-substituted analogues adopt the syn or high-syn conformations, which are disfavored by the receptors, while 5-OMe-UD(T)P adopt the favored anti conformation. Furthermore, 5-OMe-UDP adopts the S sugar puckering, which is the conformation preferred by the P2Y(6)-R, but not the P2Y(2)- or P2Y(4)-Rs. 5-OMe-UDP fulfills the conformational and H-bonding requirements of P2Y(6)-R, thus, making a potent P2Y(6)-R agonist (EC(50) 0.08 microM), more than UDP (EC(50) 0.14 microM).
Recombinant protein expression and solubility screening in <i>Escherichia coli</i>: a comparative study (2006)

Producing soluble proteins in Escherichia coli is still a major bottleneck for structural proteomics. Therefore, screening for soluble expression on a small scale is an attractive way of identifying constructs that are likely to be amenable to structural analysis. A variety of expression-screening methods have been developed within the Structural Proteomics In Europe (SPINE) consortium and to assist the further refinement of such approaches, eight laboratories participating in the network have benchmarked their protocols. For this study, the solubility profiles of a common set of 96 His(6)-tagged proteins were assessed by expression screening in E. coli. The level of soluble expression for each target was scored according to estimated protein yield. By reference to a subset of the proteins, it is demonstrated that the small-scale result can provide a useful indicator of the amount of soluble protein likely to be produced on a large scale (i.e. sufficient for structural studies). In general, there was agreement between the different groups as to which targets were not soluble and which were the most soluble. However, for a large number of the targets there were wide discrepancies in the results reported from the different screening methods, which is correlated with variations in the procedures and the range of parameters explored. Given finite resources, it appears that the question of how to most effectively explore ;expression space' is similar to several other multi-parameter problems faced by crystallographers, such as crystallization.
A lightweight, rugged, solid state laser radar system enabled by non-mechanical electro-optic beam steerers (2016)

There is currently a good deal of interest in developing laser radar (ladar) for autonomous navigation and collision avoidance in a wide variety of vehicles. In many of these applications, minimizing size, weight and power (SWaP) is of critical importance, particularly onboard aircraft and spacecraft where advanced imaging systems are also needed for location, alignment, and docking. In this paper, we describe the miniaturization of a powerful ladar system based on an electro-optic (EO) beamsteering device in which liquid crystal birefringence is exploited to achieve a 20° x 5° field of view (FOV) with no moving parts. This FOV will be significantly increased in future versions. In addition to scanning, the device is capable of operating in a “point and hold” mode where it locks onto a single moving object. The nonmechanical design leads to exceptionally favorable size and weight values: 1 L and < 1 kg respectively. Furthermore, these EO scanners operate without mechanical resonances or inertial effects. A demonstration was performed with a 50 kHz, 1 microjoule laser with a 2 mm beam diameter to image at a range of 100 m yielding a 2 fps frame rate limited by the pulse laser repetition rate. The fine control provided by the EO steerer results in an angle precision of 6x10<sup>-4</sup> degrees. This FOV can be increased with discreet, non-mechanical polarization grating beamsteerers. In this paper, we will present the design, preliminary results, and planned next generation improvements.
Practical Techniques for Bovine Sperm Simultaneous Fluorimetric Assessment of Plasma, Acrosomal and Mitochondrial Membranes (2007)

This experiment was performed to develop and validate practical techniques for simultaneous evaluation of the integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes, as well as mitochondrial function in bovine spermatozoa using associations of fluorescent probes. Four protocols of fluorescent probes association were defined: protocol 1: propidium iodide (PI), fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) and rhodamine 123; protocol 2: PI, FITC-PSA and MitoTracker Green FM (MITO); protocol 3: PI, Hoechst 33342 (H342), FITC-PSA and CMXRos; and protocol 4: PI, H342, FITC-PSA and JC-1. Three ejaculates from each of the four bulls (n = 12) were utilized, showing sperm motility >/=80% and abnormal morphology </=10%. The semen was diluted in Modified Tyrode's medium (TALP) (25 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml) and split into two aliquots, one sample was flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and thawed. Samples for three treatments were prepared with the following ratio of fresh semen : flash-frozen semen: 100 : 0, 50 : 50 and 0 : 100. Samples were stained in all four protocols and evaluated by epifluorescence microscopy. Protocol 1 did not result in a satisfactory stain, so it could not be validated. Protocols 2, 3 and 4 were validated and showed high determination coefficient to plasma membrane integrity (R(2) = 0.95, 0.93 and 0.92, respectively), acrosome integrity (R(2) = 0.95, 0.92 and 0.91, respectively) and mitochondrial function (R(2) = 0.84, 0.93 and R(2) = 0.93, respectively). These techniques are efficient for the simultaneous integrity evaluation of plasma and acrosomal membranes and mitochondrial function in bovine spermatozoa. However, JC-1 has an advantage over MITO and CMXRos, as it separates two cell populations with high and low mitochondrial membrane potential.
Th-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Chimeric Epitopes Extended by <i>N</i> <sup>ε</sup> -Palmitoyl Lysines Induce Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Specific Effector CD8 <sup>+</sup> Tc <sub>1</sub> Responses and Protect against Ocular Infection (2005)

Molecularly defined vaccine formulations capable of inducing antiviral CD8+ T-cell-specific immunity in a manner compatible with human delivery are limited. Few molecules achieve this target without the support of an appropriate immunological adjuvant. In this study, we investigate the potential of totally synthetic palmitoyl-tailed helper-cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte chimeric epitopes (Th-CTL chimeric lipopeptides) to induce herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. As a model antigen, the HSV-1 glycoprotein B498-505 (gB498-505) CD8+ CTL epitope was synthesized in line with the Pan DR peptide (PADRE), a universal CD4+ Th epitope. The peptide backbone, composed solely of both epitopes, was extended by N-terminal attachment of one (PAM-Th-CTL), two [(PAM)2-Th-CTL], or three [(PAM)3-Th-CTL] palmitoyl lysines and delivered to H2b mice in adjuvant-free saline. Potent HSV-1 gB498-505-specific antiviral CD8+ T-cell effector type 1 responses were induced by each of the palmitoyl-tailed Th-CTL chimeric epitopes, irrespective of the number of lipid moieties. The palmitoyl-tailed Th-CTL chimeric epitopes provoked cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules and production of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha proinflammatory cytokines by immature dendritic cells. Following ocular HSV-1 challenge, palmitoyl-tailed Th-CTL-immunized mice exhibited a decrease of virus replication in the eye and in the local trigeminal ganglion and reduced herpetic blepharitis and corneal scarring. The rational of the molecularly defined vaccine approach presented in this study may be applied to ocular herpes and other viral infections in humans, providing steps are taken to include appropriate Th and CTL epitopes and lipid groups.
Building a quailty early childhood sector (2008)

\n \t\t\tFor years, commentators have focused on the negative impacts of fragmented, and confusing policy funding and regulatory frameworks on the quality of early childhood education and care in Australia. Finally, we are starting to see action to address this, with the national review of early childhood quality issues and the development of a nationally integrated, streamlined system of quality assurance and accountability, sponsored by the Council of Australian Governments. These initiatives promise to make Australian children's early childhood experiences among the best in the world.\n