gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Convolver Using Multistrip Beamwidth Compressors (1974)

In order to increase the power flux density -and thus the bilinear merit factor- multistrip beamwidth compressors have been introduced in degenerate non-linear surface wave convolver on LiNb03. General considerations on acoustic convolvers are developped and show that this device is competitive when large BT products are required. Then, the bilinear factor becomes comparable with the Si-LiNbO convolver of same BT while dynamic range is larger. Other advantages of this planar and monoli?hic structure are good uniformity a long the i nteraction length, and easy s purious signal c ancellation due to multistrip properties and convolution plate configuration. Performance of a device having a 12 LIS plate length, a 50 MHz bandwidth at a central frequency of 156 MHz and using 15 : 1 beamwidth compressors is described. The structure has been used to perfom the autocorrelation function of a linear FM pulse. Iiitroduct ion The beam-width compressor (BWC) whose principle Then the output power is : Pmax = 5 Ra and the Qudiky has been described el sew her el^^, is one way among others3 of increasing the acoustic power density and thus impro- ving the performance of LiNb03-convolvers4. The LiNb03 beam-width compressor convolver (BWC-convolver) exhibits a higher bilinear factor than the classical LiNbO3-con- effects, and its interaction length is not l imited by air gap technology and acoustoelectric loss as in the SifLiNbO convolver6~7. With its acceptable efficiency, its mono?ithic planar structure and its s urious reduc- tion due to multistrip coupler properties , the BWC- convolver a ppears to be competitive when large BT pro- factor is : Q = r2Ra COmJ-'
First- and second-level packaging for the IBM eServer z900 (2002)

This paper describes the system packaging of the processor cage for the IBM eServer z900. This server contains the world's most complex multichip module (MCM), with a wiring length of 1 km and a maximum power of 1300 W on a glass-ceramic substrate. The z900 MCM contains 35 chips comprising the heart of the central electronic complex (CEC) of this server. This MCM was implemented using two different glass-ceramic technologies: one an MCM-D technology (using thin film and glass-ceramic) and the other a pure MCM-C technology (using glass-ceramic) with more aggressive wiring ground rules. In this paper we compare these two technologies and describe their impact on the MCM electrical design. Similarly, two different board technologies for the housing of the CEC are discussed, and the impact of their electrical properties on the system design is described. The high-frequency requirements of this design due to operating frequencies of 918 MHz for on-chip and 459 MHz for off-chip interconnects make a comprehensive design methodology and post-routing electrical verification necessary. The design methodology, including the wiring strategy needed for its success, is described in detail in the paper.
A difference-based version model for OODBMS (2002)

Data versioning is important for many applications such as CASE, CAD and CAM. New design objects in these applications are usually created from existing ones because they share a large degree of similarity. In this paper we propose a difference-based version model for object-oriented database systems. The large object stores only the difference data from its parent version. To show the feasibility of this version model, a prototype is implemented and a performance study on the version storage and access time is made. We observe from this study that, when the difference between two versions is less than 10%, the system has the best storage efficiency and incurs the least overhead in access time. Our implementation experience also shows that the proposed version model can be implemented as an independent module to plug in a data storage system easily.
Pyrrole studies. Part XV. Vilsmeier–Haack formylation of 1-substituted pyrroles (1970)

The ratio of α- to β-formylated products obtained by the Vilsmeier–Haack reactions with 1-alkyl- and 1-aryl-pyrroles is controlled mainly by steric factors. Electronic effects of 1-(p-substituted aryl) substituents upon the position of formylation of the pyrrole ring are small and are essentially inductive.
Rapid resonance Raman microspectroscopy to probe carbon dioxide fixation by single cells in microbial communities (2011)

Photosynthetic microorganisms play crucial roles in aquatic ecosystems and are the major primary producers in global marine ecosystems. The discovery of new bacteria and microalgae that play key roles in CO(2) fixation is hampered by the lack of methods to identify hitherto-unculturable microorganisms. To overcome this problem we studied single microbial cells using stable-isotope probing (SIP) together with resonance Raman (RR) microspectroscopy of carotenoids, the light-absorbing pigments present in most photosynthetic microorganisms. We show that fixation of (13)CO(2) into carotenoids produces a red shift in single-cell RR (SCRR) spectra and that this SCRR-SIP technique is sufficiently sensitive to detect as little as 10% of (13)C incorporation. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of labelled cellular proteins verifies that the red shift in carotenoid SCRR spectra acts as a reporter of the (13)C content of single cells. Millisecond Raman imaging of cells in mixed cultures and natural seawater samples was used to identify cells actively fixing CO(2), demonstrating that the SCRR-SIP is a noninvasive method for the rapid and quantitative detection of CO(2) fixation at the single cell level in a microbial community. The SCRR-SIP technique may provide a direct method for screening environmental samples, and could help to reveal the ecophysiology of hitherto-unculturable microorganisms, linking microbial species to their ecological function in the natural environment.
Crew Resource Management is Still Flourishing in a Challenging Aviation Environment (2007)

CRM is alive and well. It has grown from an obscure concept - when even pilots had to ask what the initials represented - to a universally recognized model that plays a substantial role in military, airline, and corporate flight training and evaluative procedures. This growth has occurred over nearly three decades, and the time factor is significant in enabling its advancement by building upon earlier concepts, measuring its effectiveness, and adapting better strategies to suit changing environments. Its development and flexibility are aptly represented by the alteration of its name, expanding the meaning of the "C" to signify all "Crew" involved in a flight, rather than limiting it solely to human resources in the "Cockpit."
Derivation and Validation of a Cytokine-Based Assay to Screen for Acute Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients (2012)

In this pilot study, the measurement of a single cytokine can exclude acute rejection with a sensitivity of 92% in renal transplant recipients presenting with acute graft dysfunction. Prospective studies are needed to determine the utility of this simple assay, particularly for low-risk or remote patients.
Anonymization of Longitudinal Electronic Medical Records (2012)

Electronic medical record (EMR) systems have enabled healthcare providers to collect detailed patient information from the primary care domain. At the same time, longitudinal data from EMRs are increasingly combined with biorepositories to generate personalized clinical decision support protocols. Emerging policies encourage investigators to disseminate such data in a deidentified form for reuse and collaboration, but organizations are hesitant to do so because they fear such actions will jeopardize patient privacy. In particular, there are concerns that residual demographic and clinical features could be exploited for reidentification purposes. Various approaches have been developed to anonymize clinical data, but they neglect temporal information and are, thus, insufficient for emerging biomedical research paradigms. This paper proposes a novel approach to share patient-specific longitudinal data that offers robust privacy guarantees, while preserving data utility for many biomedical investigations. Our approach aggregates temporal and diagnostic information using heuristics inspired from sequence alignment and clustering methods. We demonstrate that the proposed approach can generate anonymized data that permit effective biomedical analysis using several patient cohorts derived from the EMR system of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
Interspecies recombinational events during the evolution of altered PBP 2x genes in penicillin‐resistant clinical isolates of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (1991)

Penicillin resistance in pneumococci is due to the appearance of high molecular-weight penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that have reduced affinity for the antibiotic. We have compared the PBX 2x genes (pbpX) of one penicillin-susceptible and five penicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from various parts of the world. All of the resistant isolates contained a low-affinity form of PBP 2x. The 2 kb region of the two penicillin-susceptible isolates differed at only eight nucleotide sites (0.4%) and resulted in one single amino acid difference in PBP 2x. In contrast, the sequences of the PBP 2x genes from the resistant isolates differed overall from those of the susceptible isolates at between 7 and 18% of nucleotide sites and resulted in between 27 and 86 amino acid substitutions in PBP 2x. The altered PBP 2x genes consisted of regions that were similar to those of susceptible strains (less than 3% diverged), alternating with regions that were very different (18-23% diverged). The presence of highly diverged regions within the PBP 2x genes of the resistant isolates contrasts with the uniformity of the sequences of the amylomaltase genes from the same isolates, and with the uniformity of the PBP 2x genes in the two susceptible isolates. It suggests that the altered PBP 2x genes have arisen by localized interspecies recombinational events involving the PBP 2x genes of closely related streptococci, as has been suggested to occur for altered PBP 2b genes (Dowson et al., 1989b). The PBP 2x genes from the resistant isolates could transform the susceptible strain R6 to increased levels of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, indicating that the altered forms of PBP 2x in the resistant isolates contribute to their resistance to penicillin.
Effects of social deprivation in whole population should be addressed (1996)

more closely.A study of awareness ofthe "reduce the risk" campaign in a socially deprived area in south Wales in 1994 showed that a third of 250 mothers with children born before the introduction of the campaign said that they checked their babies more often than they had done previously.5For babies to endure increasingly long periods of solitude after birth is biologically unreason- able.In 1991 in Cardiff we included another fac- tor to lower the risk of the syndrome: we encouraged mothers to have their babies in their room at night for the first six to nine months and to keep the cot in which the babies slept by day close by.To focus only on posture, heating, and smoking and not to consider where a baby sleeps could detract from other factors in the care giving environment that might be protective.Any intervention programme aiming to reduce the incidence of the sudden infant death syndrome must also consider the broad range of care prac- tices that could reduce the risk.
Selecting Differentially Expressed Genes from Microarray Experiments (2003)

High throughput technologies, such as gene expression arrays and protein mass spectrometry, allow one to simultaneously evaluate thousands of potential biomarkers that could distinguish different tissue types. Of particular interest here is distinguishing between cancerous and normal organ tissues. We consider statistical methods to rank genes (or proteins) in regards to differential expression between tissues. Various statistical measures are considered, and we argue that two measures related to the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve are particularly suitable for this purpose. We also propose that sampling variability in the gene rankings be quantified, and suggest using the "selection probability function," the probability distribution of rankings for each gene. This is estimated via the bootstrap. A real dataset, derived from gene expression arrays of 23 normal and 30 ovarian cancer tissues, is analyzed. Simulation studies are also used to assess the relative performance of different statistical gene ranking measures and our quantification of sampling variability. Our approach leads naturally to a procedure for sample-size calculations, appropriate for exploratory studies that seek to identify differentially expressed genes.
Targeted and Random Mutagenesis of Ehrlichia chaffeensis for the Identification of Genes Required for In vivo Infection (2013)

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a tick transmitted pathogen responsible for the disease human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Research to elucidate gene function in rickettsial pathogens is limited by the lack of genetic manipulation methods. Mutational analysis was performed, targeting to specific and random insertion sites within the bacterium's genome. Targeted mutagenesis at six genomic locations by homologous recombination and mobile group II intron-based methods led to the consistent identification of mutants in two genes and in one intergenic site; the mutants persisted in culture for 8 days. Three independent experiments using Himar1 transposon mutagenesis of E. chaffeensis resulted in the identification of multiple mutants; these mutants grew continuously in macrophage and tick cell lines. Nine mutations were confirmed by sequence analysis. Six insertions were located within non-coding regions and three were present in the coding regions of three transcriptionally active genes. The intragenic mutations prevented transcription of all three genes. Transposon mutants containing a pool of five different insertions were assessed for their ability to infect deer and subsequent acquisition by Amblyomma americanum ticks, the natural reservoir and vector, respectively. Three of the five mutants with insertions into non-coding regions grew well in deer. Transposition into a differentially expressed hypothetical gene, Ech_0379, and at 18 nucleotides downstream to Ech_0230 gene coding sequence resulted in the inhibition of growth in deer, which is further evidenced by their failed acquisition by ticks. Similarly, a mutation into the coding region of ECH_0660 gene inhibited the in vivo growth in deer. This is the first study evaluating targeted and random mutagenesis in E. chaffeensis, and the first to report the generation of stable mutants in this obligate intracellular bacterium. We further demonstrate that in vitro mutagenesis coupled with in vivo infection assessment is a successful strategy in identifying genomic regions required for the pathogen's in vivo growth.
Design and Production in <i>Aspergillus niger</i> of a Chimeric Protein Associating a Fungal Feruloyl Esterase and a Clostridial Dockerin Domain (2004)

A chimeric enzyme associating feruloyl esterase A (FAEA) from Aspergillus niger and dockerin from Clostridium thermocellum was produced in A. niger. A completely truncated form was produced when the dockerin domain was located downstream of the FAEA (FAEA-Doc), whereas no chimeric protein was produced when the bacterial dockerin domain was located upstream of the FAEA (Doc-FAEA). Northern blot analysis showed similar transcript levels for the two constructs, indicating a posttranscriptional bottleneck for Doc-FAEA production. The sequence encoding the first 514 amino acids from A. niger glucoamylase and a dibasic proteolytic processing site (kex-2) were fused upstream of the Doc-FAEA sequence. By using this fusion strategy, the esterase activity found in the extracellular medium was 20-fold-higher than that of the wild-type reference strain, and the production yield was estimated to be about 100 mg of chimeric protein/liter. Intracellular and extracellular production was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, dockerin-cohesin interaction assays, and Western blotting. Labeled cohesins detected an intact extracellular Doc-FAEA of about 43 kDa and a cleaved-off dockerin domain of about 8 kDa. In addition, an intracellular 120-kDa protein was recognized by using labeled cohesins and antibodies raised against FAEA. This protein corresponded to the unprocessed Doc-FAEA form fused to glucoamylase. In conclusion, these results indicated that translational fusion to glucoamylase improved the secretion efficiency of a chimeric Doc-FAEA protein and allowed production of the first functional fungal enzyme joined to a bacterial dockerin.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer guided by indocyanine green fluorescence (2009)

ICG fluorescence allowed transcutaneous imaging of lymphatic vessels and SLN detection, thus combining the advantages of radioisotope and blue dye methods.
Guarded induction on final coalgebras (1998)

We make an initial step towards a categorical semantics of guarded induction. While ordinary induction is usually modelled in terms of the least fixpoints and the initial algebras, guarded induction is based on the unique fixpoints of certain operations, called guarded, on the final coalgebras. So far, such operations were treated syntactically [3,8,9,23]. We analyse them categorically. Guarded induction appears as couched in coinductively constructed domains, but turns out to be reducible to coinduction only in special cases. The applications of the presented analysis span across the gamut of the applications of guarded induction — from modelling computation to solving differential equations. A subsequent paper [26] will provide an account of some domain theoretical aspects, which are presently left implicit.
Predictive modeling of tumors using RP (2015)

The primary objective of radiotherapy is to deliver the correct dose of radiation to cancerous region with minimum damage to surrounding normal tissues in head and neck. Based on pre-treatment Computer Tomography (CT) images, a master plan for the treatment is developed. The current radiation therapy planning systems “assume” that the tumor geometry will not change during the course of treatment. However, there is a critical flaw in this assumption, because tumor geometry has shown to be changing over time during the treatment. Accordingly, there is a critical need to track the changes in tumor geometry over time during the radiotherapy treatment, and then plan the proper treatment and radiation. We proposed a methodology to geometrically model, physically construct, monitor and predict daily (fraction day) tumor volume and surface changes of head and neck cancer tumors during the entire radiation therapy period. Tumor volume and surface are calculated using patients' CT scan data and tested using both geometrical analysis and physical models using 3D printing technologies. Geometrical and Statistical analyses are applied in order to generate the predictive models and validation.
Targeting the RNA Splicing Machinery as a Novel Treatment Strategy for Pancreatic Carcinoma (2006)

Aberrant patterns of pre-mRNA splicing have been established for many human malignancies, yet the mechanisms responsible for these tumor-specific changes remain undefined and represent a promising area for therapeutic intervention. Using immunohistochemistry, we have localized the expression of a central splicing regulator, serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1), to the ductular epithelial cells within human pancreas and have further shown its increased expression in tumors of the pancreas, breast, and colon. Small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of SRPK1 in pancreatic tumor cell lines resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in proliferative capacity and increase in apoptotic potential. Coordinately, the disruption of SRPK1 expression resulted in enhanced sensitivity of tumor cells to killing by gemcitabine and/or cisplatin. A dose-dependent reduction in the phosphorylation status of specific SR proteins was detected following the down-regulation of SRPK1 and is likely responsible for the observed alterations in expression of proteins associated with apoptosis and multidrug resistance. These data support SRPK1 as a new, potential target for the treatment of pancreatic ductular cancer that at present remains largely unresponsive to conventional therapies. Furthermore, these results support the development of innovative therapies that target not only specific splice variants arising during tumorigenesis but also the splice regulatory machinery that itself may be abnormal in malignant cells.
Isocyanate-Functionalized Chitin and Chitosan as Gelling Agents of Castor Oil (2013)

The main objective of this work was the incorporation of reactive isocyanate groups into chitin and chitosan in order to effectively use the products as reactive thickening agents in castor oil. The resulting gel-like dispersions could be potentially used as biodegradable lubricating greases. Three different NCO-functionalized polymers were obtained: two of them by promoting the reaction of chitosan with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), and the other by using chitin instead of chitosan. These polymers were characterized through 1H-NMR, FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thermal and rheological behaviours of the oleogels prepared by dispersing these polymers in castor oil were studied by means of TGA and small-amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) measurements. The evolution and values of the linear viscoelasticity functions with frequency for -NCO-functionalized chitosan- and chitin-based oleogels are quite similar to those found for standard lubricating greases. In relation to long-term stability of these oleogels, no phase separation was observed and the values of viscoelastic functions increase significantly during the first seven days of ageing, and then remain almost constant. TGA analysis showed that the degradation temperature of the resulting oleogels is higher than that found for traditional lubricating greases.
The Influence of Nanopore Dimensions on the Electrochemical Properties of Nanopore Arrays Studied by Impedance Spectroscopy (2014)

The understanding of the electrochemical properties of nanopores is the key factor for better understanding their performance and applications for nanopore-based sensing devices. In this study, the influence of pore dimensions of nanoporous alumina (NPA) membranes prepared by an anodization process and their electrochemical properties as a sensing platform using impedance spectroscopy was explored. NPA with four different pore diameters (25 nm, 45 nm and 65 nm) and lengths (5 μm to 20 μm) was used and their electrochemical properties were explored using different concentration of electrolyte solution (NaCl) ranging from 1 to 100 μM. Our results show that the impedance and resistance of nanopores are influenced by the concentration and ion species of electrolytes, while the capacitance is independent of them. It was found that nanopore diameters also have a significant influence on impedance due to changes in the thickness of the double layer inside the pores.
A 7 GHz FM Transmitter Utilizing GaAs Power MESFETs (2005)

An FM transmitter with a power efficiency of 11.5 % was developed utilizing GaAs power MESFETs for a 7 GHz FM radio-relay equipment. The transmitter, which consists of an FM modulator and power amplifiers, provides an output power of 1 watt and transmitting capability of 960 telephone circuits.