gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wafer Surface Charge Reversal as a Method of Simplifying Nanosphere Lithography for Reactive Ion Etch Texturing of Solar Cells (2007)

A simplified nanosphere lithography process has been developed which allows fast and low-waste maskings of Si surfaces for subsequent reactive ion etching (RIE) texturing. Initially, a positive surface charge is applied to a wafer surface by dipping in a solution of aluminum nitrate. Dipping the positive-coated wafer into a solution of negatively charged silica beads (nanospheres) results in the spheres becoming electrostatically attracted to the wafer surface. These nanospheres form an etch mask for RIE. After RIE texturing, the reflection of the surface is reduced as effectively as any other nanosphere lithography method, while this batch process used for masking is much faster, making it more industrially relevant.
Isolation and characterization of two xylitol dehydrogenases from Aspergillus niger (1994)

An NADPH-dependent L-xylulose reductase [xylitol:NADP 4-oxidoreductase; EC 1·1.1·10 (LXDH)] from Aspergillus niger was purified and characterized. It is an octamer with a monomeric molecular mass of 32 kDa, showing high specificity for L-xylulose, xylitol and NADP(H). The K m values for L-xylulose and xylitol are relatively high (16·5 and 925 mM, respectively). An NAD+-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase [xylitol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase; EC 1·1.1·9 (DXDH)] was partially purified from the same fungus. It has a monomeric molecular mass of 40 kDa and shows a high specificity for D-xylulose, xylitol and NAD(H). The K m values for D-xylulose and xylitol are relatively low (approximately 4 and 50 mM, respectively). The reactivity towards xylitol, the product or substrate these enzymes have in common, confirms their role in the L-arabinose catabolic pathway.
The role of CD95 and CD95 ligand in cancer (2015)

CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and its ligand, CD95L, have long been viewed as a death receptor/death ligand system that mediates apoptosis induction to maintain immune homeostasis. In addition, these molecules are important in the immune elimination of virus-infected cells and cancer cells. CD95L was, therefore, considered to be useful for cancer therapy. However, major side effects have precluded its systemic use. During the last 10 years, it has been recognized that CD95 and CD95L have multiple cancer-relevant nonapoptotic and tumor-promoting activities. CD95 and CD95L were discovered to be critical survival factors for cancer cells, and were found to protect and promote cancer stem cells. We now discuss five different ways in which inhibiting or eliminating CD95L, rather than augmenting, may be beneficial for cancer therapy alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy or immune therapy.
Self-focusing threshold in normally dispersive media (1994)

The threshold at which self-focusing initially dominates the dynamics of short-pulse propagation in normally dispersive bulk media, causing an explosive increase in peak intensity, is estimated analytically and verified numerically. Intensity-dependent propagation effects such as spectral broadening also occur explosively at this threshold.
THE CATALYTIC PREPARATION OF MERCAPTANS.<sup>1</sup> (1921)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CATALYTIC PREPARATION OF MERCAPTANS.1R. L. Kramer and E. Emmet ReidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1921, 43, 4, 880–890Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1921Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1921https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01437a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (648 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Topology control of human fibroblast cells monolayer by liquid crystal elastomer (2020)

Eukaryotic cells in living tissues form dynamic patterns with spatially varying orientational order that affects important physiological processes such as apoptosis and cell migration. The challenge is how to impart a predesigned map of orientational order onto a growing tissue. Here, we demonstrate an approach to produce cell monolayers of human dermal fibroblasts with predesigned orientational patterns and topological defects using a photoaligned liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) that swells anisotropically in an aqueous medium. The patterns inscribed into the LCE are replicated by the tissue monolayer and cause a strong spatial variation of cells phenotype, their surface density, and number density fluctuations. Unbinding dynamics of defect pairs intrinsic to active matter is suppressed by anisotropic surface anchoring allowing the estimation of the elastic characteristics of the tissues. The demonstrated patterned LCE approach has potential to control the collective behavior of cells in living tissues, cell differentiation, and tissue morphogenesis.
Implementing Overlay Multicast with SCTP (2010)

Previously, we studied the performance of transport layer multihoming (e.g., STCP). Using the emulated application of the bulk data transfer, we investigate existing overlay multicast schemes and find that all of them have a inherit performance limitation caused by tansport layer singlehoming (e.g., TCP). Based on this, we design a new overlay multicast architucture named the Hierarchy Overlay Multicast Network based on SCTP (HOMN-SCTP) and present the relevant scheme named Bandwidth-Satisfied Overlay Multicast (BSOM) to reduce the limitation of existing overlay multicast scheme with tansport layer singlehoming and to further improve the performance of overlay multicast. We also show application performance in terms of QoS-satisfied ratio, multicast tree total cost, average link stress and average path length using the HOMN-SCTP and BSOM is better than performance when applications operate using singlehoming as originally designed.
Characterization of vacuolar and extracellular β(1,3)-glucanases of tobacco: Evidence for a strictly compartmentalized plant defense system (1989)

beta(1,3)-Glucanases are a class of hormonally and developmentally regulated plant hydrolytic enzymes, which are also induced upon pathogen infection, suggesting a role of these hydrolases in the defense response to pathogens. We have purified several beta(1,3)-glucanases present in tobacco leaves from control plants and from plants treated with salicylic acid or infected with Pseudomonas syringae and studied in detail the subcellular localization of the different isoforms. Partial protein sequence analysis demonstrated that each of the different isoforms had a unique amino acid sequence and was therefore encoded by a different gene. We have also demonstrated that two of these isoforms, similar to the cytokinin/auxin-regulated isoforms previously isolated from tobacco cell suspensions, are located in the central vacuole. Upon salicylic acid treatment or P. syringae infection, three secreted isoforms are induced, belonging to the so-called pathogenesis-related proteins. These pathogenesis-related beta(1,3)-glucanases are all distinct from each other and also different from the vacuolar isoforms. We demonstrate that the vacuolar isoforms are not secreted to the extracellular spaces of the plant following pathogen infection, suggesting that any function they play in the plant defense response is restricted to an intracellularly coordinated defense process.
A Fast Optical Method for the Determination of Liquid Levels in Microplates (2011)

Parallel liquid handling systems are widely used in different applications of life sciences. In order to avoid false positive or negative results which lead to higher costs due to the replication of the experiments it is necessary to monitor the process and success of liquid delivery. An easy method for the determination of the liquid levels in microplates has been developed and evaluated. The optical method bases on the measurement of the liquid level using CCD cameras followed by special algorithms for the evaluation and visualization of the measured data. The proposed method was tested in changing environmental lighting for two different liquids. These tests confirm our approach towards optical liquid level determination for smallest volumes in microplates and also show the challenges regarding environmental lighting and different physical properties of fluids.
Mineral mapping Queensland: iron oxide copper gold (IOCG) mineral system case history, Starra, Mount Isa Inlier (2008)

A mineral systems approach was used to interpret precompetitive airborne mineral mapping geoscience data for iron oxide copper gold (lOCC) exploration in the Starra area, Eastern Succession, Mount Isa Inlier. Selected minerals were chosen to map possible source rocks/fluids as well as intersecting structural/fluid pathways that could have transported mineralising fluids into domains of contrasting rocks/fluids where there was potential for physicochemical gradients to precipitate metals. Ferric and ferrous iron contents and white mica abundance were useful mineral criteria to identify the Mount Dore Granite of the Williams-Naraku Batholith as a potential source of 'oxidised' fluids rich in Fe, K and potentially Cu-Au. The Mount Dore Shear Zone (MDSZ) intersects the western margin of this granite with the highest contents and changes in composition of the white mica are peripheral to this contact within the granite. This together, with the fact that the entire N-S length of the MDSZ in the study area (~16 km) is abundant in white mica are evidence of K-rich fluids had preferentially moved along this pathway. To the south, the MDSZ intersects a domain comprising massive ironstone bodies as well as numerous graphitic horizons. This interpreted 'reduced' domain is well mapped using the 'opaque' mineral products, as well as by white mica, which is pervasively developed and extends 2 km either side of the MDSZ fault into the meta-sedimentary sequences. The chemistry of this white mica also changes progressively away from the MDSZ, becoming more Si-rich (longer wavelength) towards the contact with massive ironstone bodies in the west and the graphitic units in the east, both of which represent sites of known Cu-Au mineralisation. Beyond these contact zones of interpreted 'oxidised fluids' with reduced rocks/fluids, there is either a rapid change to Si-poor white mica and/or no white mica developed, ie major 'chemical ' gradient change. These mineral mapping results provide evidence for a direct link between possible source rocks and sites of IOCG metal deposition as well as extending the associated alteration zonation which had previously been mapped/published at the metre-scale to the kilometre-scale.
A non-destructive technique for detecting pinholes in hermetically sealed flexible packaging<sup>1</sup> (2000)

A new capacitance-based technique is described for detecting pinholes in electrically non-conducting flexible hermetically sealed packages with no headspace. The new technique is compared with the most suitable existing technique reported in the literature. It is demonstrated theoretically and through experimentation that the new technique provides more sensitive pinhole detection than the most suitable existing technique.
penalizedSVM: a R-package for feature selection SVM classification (2009)

The R package 'penalizedSVM' is available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (http://cran.r-project.org/) under GPL-2 or later.
Heller, McDonald and originalism (2010)

The Supreme Court's recent decision in District Of Columbia v. Heller has been widely hailed by its admirers as a triumph of originalism. Indeed, both Scalia's opinion for the Court and Stevens' dissent focus largely on questions of meaning, prompting one proponent of gun rights to proclaim the day after the decision was handed down that, in this context at least, we are all originalists now. But Scalia's approach to was sharply at odds with Stevens'. In the view of Randy Barnett, Justice Scalia's opinion is the finest example of what is now called 'original public meaning' jurisprudence ever adopted by the Supreme Court, while Stevens' dissent is an example of an original-intent jurisprudence [that] was discredited years ago among constitutional law professors. In Heller, Scalia proclaimed that in interpreting the Second Amendment, the Court was guided by the principle that '[t]he Constitution was written to be understood by the voters; its words and phrases were used in their normal and ordinary as distinguished from technical meaning.' Any approach other than originalism, Scalia has argued, would make judges into legislators, applying their own personal or current societal values rather than a preexisting law. Like Barnett, most originalists today profess to be adherents of the new public originalism, and eschew the old originalism's reliance on intent. In fact, the new originalism is not really all that new. While early originalists such as Raoul Berger and Edwin Meese spoke of intent, by the 1980s originalists such as Scalia and Robert Bork had begun a campaign to replace original with original public meaning or original public understanding. A jurisprudence of intent is problematic. The framers and ratifiers enacted the constitutional text, not their private intentions. Moreover, they may have had multiple and mutually inconsistent intentions, the aggregation of which into a single can present intractable difficulties. Of course, the shift from intent to public does not necessarily resolve these problems.... Language: en
Site‐Directed and Global Incorporation of Orthogonal and Isostructural Noncanonical Amino Acids into the Ribosomal Lasso Peptide Capistruin (2014)

Expansion of the structural diversity of peptide antibiotics was performed through two different methods. Supplementation-based incorporation (SPI) and stop-codon suppression (SCS) approaches were used for co-translational incorporation of isostructural and orthogonal noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into the lasso peptide capistruin. Two ncAAs were employed for the SPI method and five for the SCS method; each of them probing the incorporation of ncAAs in strategic positions of the molecule. Evaluation of the assembly by HR-ESI-MS proved more successful for the SCS method. Bio-orthogonal chemistry was used for post-biosynthetic modification of capistruin congener Cap_Alk10 containing the ncAA Alk (Nε-Alloc-L-lysine) instead of Ala. A second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst was used for an in vitro metathesis reaction with Cap_Alk10 and an allyl alcohol, which offers options for post-biosynthetic modifications. The use of synthetic biology allows for the in vivo production of new peptide-based antibiotics from an expanded amino acid repertoire.
Four-wave mixing in multispan dispersion-managed transmission links (1998)

We report the first experimental measurement of resonances in four-wave mixing (FWM) fields caused by lumped amplification in wavelength-division-multiplexed systems. Our numerical model allows us to predict the FWM characteristics in great detail. We also show that the FWM is reduced by more than 20 dB when two channels are launched with orthogonal polarizations.
Implementación de técnicas de control de calidad para la producción de un bioplaguicida a base del granulovirus de Phthorimaea operculella PhopGV (2005)

La polilla guatemalteca de la papa Tecia solanivora (Lep.; Gelechiidae) es una de las plagas más limitantes del cultivo en Venezuela, Colombia y Ecuador y se revela como de difícil control mediante el uso de insecticidas químicos. Su control biológico con el granulovirus de Phthorimaea operculella (PhopGV) ha sido, tanto en Colombia como en otros países andinos, uno de los principales componentes para su manejo. Corpoica posee con una planta, registrada ante el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, para manufacturar un bioplaguicida a base de este virus. Dada la importancia que tiene la confirmación de la calidad del producto, el objetivo del trabajo fue estandarizar e implementar pruebas de control de calidad en el proceso productivo. Se fijaron como parámetros críticos la identidad y concentración del virus, las características fisicoquímicas del producto y su actividad biocontroladora; posteriormente se estandarizaron metodologías para evaluar dichos parámetros y se implementaron estos controles en el proceso productivo. Se confirmó la identidad del virus como P. operculella por métodos microscópicos, inmunológicos y moleculares. Para controlar la concentración del virus, se determinaron las concentraciones letales del virus y se fijó el rango de aceptación de dicha variable. El bioplaguicida se elaboró con base en los resultados. La concentración letal noventa fue de 8 x 105 cuerpos de inclusión (CI).mL-1; en consecuencia, el producto terminado se adaptó para presentar una concentración de 105 CI.g-1. El control de calidad de tres lotes elaborados presentó baja variabilidad indicando la repetibilidad del proceso. Las características promedio de los lotes fueron una concentración de 105 CI.g-1, humedad del 0.57%, voluminosidad 0.93mL.g-1, pH 9.52 y eficacia del 97.25%.
Embryonic Stem Cells as a Model for the Physiological Analysis of the Cardiovascular System (2003)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to proliferate infinitely in vitro in an undifferentiated and pluripotent state, thereby maintaining a relatively normal and stable karyotype even with continual passaging. Remarkably, in vivo, ES cells can be reincorporated into normal embryonic development by transfer into a host blastocyst or aggregation with blastomere stage embryos. They can contribute to all tissues in the resulting chimeras including gametes. When cultivated in vitro, ES cells differentiate under appropriate cell culture conditions, i.e., in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) into cell types of all three germ layers: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm (1). However, these differentiation processes occur only when ES cells are cultivated in suspension culture in which they grow to multicellular spheroidal tissues, termed embryoid bodies (EBs).
Advances in frequency-domain fluorometry, gigahertz instrumentation, time-dependent photomigration, and fluorescence lifetime imaging (1992)

During the past seven years, there have been remarkable advances in the frequency-domain method for measurement of time-resolved emission or light scattering. In this presentation we describe the recent extension of the frequency range to 10 GHz using a specially designed microchannel plate PMT. Experimental data will be shown for measurement of picosecond rotational diffusion and for sub-picosecond resolution of time delays. The resolution of ps to ns timescale processes is not obtained at the expense of sensitivity or is it shown by measurements on the intrinsic tryptophan emission from hemoglobin. We also describe a time- resolved reflectance imaging experiment on a scattering medium containing an absorbing object. Time-resolved imaging of the back-scattered light is realized by means of a RF-phase- sensitive camera, synchronized to the laser pulses. By processing the stored images, a final image can be created, the contrast of which is based only on time differences of the back- scattered photons. This image reveals the presence and position of the absorber within the scattering medium. And finally, we describe a new methodology, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), in which the contrast depends on the fluorescence lifetime at each point in a two-dimensional image, and not the local concentration and/or intensity of the fluorophore. We used FLIM to create lifetime images of NADH when free in solution and when bound to malate dehydrogenase. FLIM has numerous potential applications in cell biology and imaging.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Isoproterenol increases peripheral [Ca2+]i and decreases inner [Ca2+]i in single airway smooth muscle cells (1995)

The effects of isoproterenol (Iso) or photolysis of caged adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were studied in single airway smooth muscle cells. Changes in [Ca2+]i were measured ratiometrically. In cells loaded with 10 microM fura 2-acetoxymethyl ester (AM), superfusion of Iso (10 microM) increased [Ca2+]i in 20 of 22 cells from 153.2 +/- 21.3 to 252.8 +/- 38.3 nM, and this increase depended on extracellular Ca2+ and was blocked by ryanodine (50 microM). Photolysis of intracellular caged cAMP increased [Ca2+]i by 104.0 +/- 17.3 nM in 20 cells and decreased [Ca2+]i by 49.3 +/- 9.4 nM in 10 cells. With modified confocal microscopy, peripheral [Ca2+]i was increased and inner cytosolic [Ca2+]i was decreased during stimulation with Iso. Iso-induced decreases in [Ca2+]i were also observed with conventional optics in cells loaded with 0.5 microM fura 2-AM. However, in these same cells, Iso increased [Ca2+]i in the presence of low concentrations of ryanodine (1-20 microM). We concluded that Iso decreased [Ca2+]i in the inner cytosol but increased [Ca2+]i in the peripheral cytosol by mechanisms that depended on both extracellular and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channels. Our study suggests that fluorescence from a peripheral cytosol with high [Ca2+]i can sometimes confound the measurement of "cytosolic" [Ca2+]i with conventional optics.
Synthesis of 2‐Chloroacrolein Diethyl Acetal (2006)

Abstract Ethyl vinyl ether Benzyltriethylammonium chloride 1, 1‐Dichloro‐2‐ethoxycyclopropane Copper sulfate pentahydrate
Meso-Optics - Foundations and Applications (1996)

The monograph covers various meso-optical elements, diffraction free light beams, localized electromagnetic fields, gravitational lens, meso-optical devices for transportation of the synchrotron radiation, meso-optical microscopes for high energy elementary particle physics, and the history of meso-optics. Some integral transforms useful in meso-optics are presented in the Appendix. The author is an active participant of many investigations in meso-optics and provides an up-to-date encyclopedic review of the theoretical and experimental investigations on Meso-Optics (optics of the conical wave fields)
A Smith-Waterman Local Alignment Approach for Spatial Activity Recognition (2006)

In this paper we address the spatial activity recognition problem with an algorithm based on Smith-Waterman (SW) local alignment. The proposed SW approach utilises dynamic programming with two dimensional spatial data to quantify sequence similarity. SW is well suited for spatial activity recognition as the approach is robust to noise and can accommodate gaps, resulting from tracking system errors. Unlike other approaches SW is able to locate and quantify activities embedded within extraneous spatial data. Through experimentation with a three class data set, we show that the proposed SW algorithm is capable of recognising accurately and inaccurately segmented spatial sequences. To benchmark the techniques classification performance we compare it to the discrete hidden markov model (HMM). Results show that SW exhibits higher accuracy than the HMM, and also maintains higher classification accuracy with smaller training set sizes. We also confirm the robust property of the SW approach via evaluation with sequences containing artificially introduced noise.