gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Long-functioning beta-D-glucose and L-lactate biosensors for continuous flow-through measurements for "fouling"-resistant and selectivity-optimized serum- and hemoanalysis]. (1994)

Bioelectrochemical membrane-electrodes for O2-sensitive enzymatic flow-through analysis of beta-D-glucose and L-lactate are described. The enzyme-membranes of the biosensors consist of glucose-oxidase or lactate-oxidase molecules cross-linked with glutardialdehyde between two dialysis membranes. The accuracy of the biosensors is demonstrated by electroanalysis of diluted control serum and compared with redox-mediator-free H2O2 detection and photometric methods. Continuous haemoanalysis of uncoagulated blood was carried out, using an intermediate carrier stream with additive systems. Tangential streaming to the miniaturized dialysis chamber with a circular channel minimizes blockage of the pores of the dialysis membrane by erythrocytes, leukocytes or protein. An oxygenator pump for the exchange of gases between the buffered solution of the intermediate carrier and the surrounding atmosphere guarantees a constant oxygen partial pressure within the carrier stream. The pulsations produced by the oxygenator pump are dampened by a miniature pressure balance chamber with an unsignificant dead space volume for protecting the enzyme membrane of the sensor. Glutardialdehyde inhibits growth of microorganisms and any resulting oxygen consumption, so that even in protein-containing measuring solutions enzyme electrodes can be used without interference from microbial contamination. The bioelectrochemical measuring system can therefore also be employed for the electroanalysis of fermentation solutions. For continuous flow-through measurements, it is necessary to change the glucose-oxidase membranes after 100-150 days, and the lactate-oxidase membranes after 3-6 weeks.
The heteroepitaxial growth of ZnSe on GaP and GaAs substrates (1987)

Single-crystal layers of ZnSe have been grown on GaP and GaAs substrates in a hydrogen transport system. By the use of the H2 bypass flow, the growth rate versus substrate temperature characteristics are found to be modified. The growth on GaP (111)B substrates is limited by thermodynamic mass transport and that on GaP (100) substrates by the kinetics of the surface chemical reaction. ZnSe layers grown on the GaAs (100) face have larger growth rates and smoother surface morphologies than those on GaP (100). This result may originate from the lattice parameter mismatch between the epitaxial layers and the substrates.
GAVIEW-a visualisation tool for supporting GA simulations and analyses (2002)

This paper introduces a GA visualisation tool, GAVIEW. The purpose of developing the tool is to offer various ways of understanding GA behaviour, using various visualisation methods, and to encourage GA users to handle GA simulations and analyses, using a graphical user interface on the X Window System. As an example of using the tool, a series of visualised GA statistics are illustrated and examined to compare the performances of two GAs. The results show an advantage of using various statistics and visualisation methods for understanding GA behaviour.
Probiotics and immune function. (2002)

This chapter discusses the immunostimulatory and immunoregulatory functions of probiotics. The health benefits of probiotic-mediated immunomodulation on infectious diseases, neoplasms and immunological diseases are presented.
Chemically Functionalized Carbon Nanosieves with 1‐nm Thickness (2009)

A route to produce novel chemically functionalized carbon nanosieves with a thickness of only ≈1nm is presented. The nanosieves (see image) have areas of up to ≈1mm2 with regular openings down to ≈30nm. Carbon nanosieves are made via nanopatterning of self-assembled monolayers of 4′-nitro-1,1′-biphenyl-4-thiols by extreme UV interference lithography.
The K5 Capsule of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strain Nissle 1917 Is Important in Stimulating Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 5, CD14, MyD88, and TRIF Together with the Induction of Interleukin-8 Expression via the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Epithelial Cells (2010)

Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917, which has been widely used as a probiotic for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders, expresses a K5 capsule, the expression of which is often associated with extraintestinal and urinary tract isolates of E. coli. Previously, it had been shown that the expression of a K5 capsule by Nissle 1917 was important in mediating interactions with epithelial cells and the extent of chemokine expression. In this paper, we show that infection with Nissle 1917 induces expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR5 in Caco-2 cells and that maximal induction of TLR5 required the K5 capsule. In addition, purified K5 polysaccharide was capable of inducing expression of TLR5 and mCD14 and potentiated the activity of both TLR4 and TLR5 agonists to increase the proinflammatory response. Infection with Nissle 1917 also increased the expression of the adaptor molecules MyD88 and TRIF, which was K5 capsule dependent. By Western blot analysis, it was possible to show that induction of interleukin-8 by Nissle 1917 was predominantly through the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway and that expression of the K5 capsule was important for activation of the MAP kinase pathway. This paper provides new information on the function of the K5 capsule in mediating interactions between Nissle 1917 and epithelial cells and the mechanisms that underlie the probiotic properties of Nissle 1917.
Tourniquet Paralysis (1967)

Two cases are presented to illustrate a complication which understandably could happen in spite of attention and precautions. The first patient was a man undergoing surgical therapy for Dupuytren's contracture. During performance of axillary block, median nerve paresthesias were elicited. The block was not completely satisfactory and required supplementation with general anesthesia. Postoperatively, the patient complained of numbness in the radial-nerve distribution. This numbness rapidly lessened in the early postoperative period and completely disappeared during a period of postoperative follow-up. Total tourniquet time was 28 minutes, at a gauge pressure of 250 mm Hg. The second patient also had excision of Dupuytren's contracture on the same day, in the same operating room. General anesthesia was used for this patient. Postoperatively, he complained of inability to move his fingers and of numbness of the long, ring, and small fingers. These findings improved rapidly immediately, and returned to normal during the follow-up
Analog nonvolatile data storage and update in an optically addressed spatial light modulator (1992)

Experimental results are presented on the nonvolatile analog storage and update of data in a bistable optically addressed, amorphous silicon, ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. Integration of positive and negative optical updates is observed and attributed to ferroelectric domain formation. A computer simulation is used to describe a possible mechanism for this domain formation based on spatially distributed charge capture, with good agreement obtained between simulated and experimental results.
Perhalogenated Carba‐<i>closo</i>‐dodecaborate Anions as Ligand Substituents: Applications in Gold Catalysis (2013)

Größer und besser! Der zwitterionische Gold-Katalysator, der durch die Koordination eines Phosphanliganden mit dem inerten und nichtkoordinierenden Carboransubstituenten CB11Cl11− an ein AuI-Ion entsteht, zeigt die höchste je beschriebene Aktivität in der Hydroaminierung von Alkinen mit Aminen (siehe Schema). Die höchste Wechselzahl, die mit diesem Katalysator in der Hydroaminierung beobachtet wurden, lag über 95 000. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Compact Modeling of Source-Side Injection Programming for 9Onm-Node AG-AND Flash Memory (2005)

A compact model of source-side injection programming for AG-AND flash memory is presented. The lucky-electron model is used to formulate the hot electron injection current for programming. The lateral electric field is estimated using the pseudo-two-dimensional model considering the offset length between the assist-gate and the floating-gate. The proposed model is verified with device simulation and measurement results of 90nm-node AG-AND flash memory.
Conference on Integration of Customary and Modern Legal Systems (1964)

This conference, under the direction of Dr A. N. Allott of the University of London, was an outstanding success and marked a real development in the consideration of the subject. About half the participants, who numbered just under 40, were from universities in Africa, U.S.A., and Europe; the others were mainly from the government or the judiciary of various African countries. The annual general meeting of the International African Law Association also took place during the week.
Imaging the Root Hair Morphology of <em>Arabidopsis</em> Seedlings in a Two-layer Microfluidic Platform (2017)

Root hairs increase root surface area for better water uptake and nutrient absorption by the plant. Because they are small in size and often obscured by their natural environment, root hair morphology and function are difficult to study and often excluded from plant research. In recent years, microfluidic platforms have offered a way to visualize root systems at high resolution without disturbing the roots during transfer to an imaging system. The microfluidic platform presented here builds on previous plant-on-a-chip research by incorporating a two-layer device to confine the Arabidopsis thaliana main root to the same optical plane as the root hairs. This design enables the quantification of root hairs on a cellular and organelle level and also prevents z-axis drifting during the addition of experimental treatments. We describe how to store the devices in a contained and hydrated environment, without the need for fluidic pumps, while maintaining a gnotobiotic environment for the seedling. After the optical imaging experiment, the device may be disassembled and used as a substrate for atomic force or scanning electron microscopy while keeping fine root structures intact.
Color emotions for multi‐colored images (2010)

Abstract We investigate the emotional response to colors in ordinary multicolored images. In psychophysical experiments, using both category scaling and interval scaling, observers are asked to judge images using three emotion factors: activity, weight, and heat. The color emotion metric was originally developed for single colors, and later extended to include pairs of colors. The same metric was recently used in image retrieval. The results show that people in general perceive color emotions for multi‐colored images in similar ways, and that observer judgments correlate with the recently proposed method used in image retrieval. The intended usage is in retrieval systems publicly available on the Internet, where both the user and the viewing environment is unknown, which requires novel ways of conducting the psychophysical experiments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 36, 210–221, 2011;
CVD aluminum for submicron VLSI metallization (1991)

For submicron VLSI metallization, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of aluminum (Al) combines superior CVD step coverage with low resistivity and long experience with Al. The authors report the step coverage issues, electrical results, and device and process compatibility. CVD Al, 0.3 mu m thick, was deposited at 230 degrees C using industrial grade triisobutylaluminum (TIBA) in a prototype ASM Advance 600 CVD Cluster System. The conductivity was 2.9 mu Omega -cm and no mobile ions were detected in CV measurement. At >80% film reflectivity, 0.5 mu m wide lines with 0.65 mu m spaces were patterned with I-line lithography and RIE. SEM evaluation showed fully filled 0.65 mu m diameter windows with 2:1 aspect ratio. Optimizing the window coverage of the nucleation layer was important to ensure reliable CVD Al filling. Interestingly, anomalous filling of 0.75 mu m diameter windows by very thin CVD Al layer (0.2 mu m) was also observed, which might provide added process robustness. Devices processed with this 0.5 mu m CMOS technology showed good results on submicron contact chains, line continuity, and shallow junction compatibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polyamines, vascular smooth muscle, and deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. (1991)

This study was performed to determine if an alteration in vascular polyamine contents is associated with the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. The effects of chronic administration of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a specific irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase and thus polyamine biosynthesis, on vascular polyamine contents, structure, and function as well as the development of hypertension was studied. Control and deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt rats received either tap water or a drinking solution containing alpha-difluoromethylornithine for 6 weeks, during which period systolic blood pressures were recorded. Vascular reactivity studies were performed on rings of aorta and tail artery. Medial thickness, vessel weight, and vascular polyamine contents were also assessed in these arteries. alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment had no significant effect on either systolic blood pressure or vascular structure, function, and polyamine contents of control animals. The elevation in blood pressure and the increase in medial thickness, ring weight, and vascular polyamine contents as well as altered vascular reactivity observed in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt rats was significantly attenuated by alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment. These results are the first to demonstrate that vascular polyamine contents are elevated in the deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt rat and that chronic alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment prevents the rise in vascular polyamines as well as the elevation in blood pressure and attendant changes in the vasculature. Thus, the increase in vascular polyamines may comprise a critical link between the initiating stimuli and the alterations in vascular structure and function implicated in the pathogenesis of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension.
Novel heterostructure device for electronic pulse-mode neural circuits (1994)

A new approach to the hardware implementation of artificial, electronic pulse-mode neural circuits is proposed and demonstrated based on the use of a novel heterostructure device that exhibits an S-type current-voltage characteristic. The new device consists of a multi-period quantum well structure with heavily doped n+ GaAs quantum wells and undoped AlGaAs barriers between an n+ GaAs cathode and p+ GaAs anode. When operated with an RC load, the device switches periodically between a low-conductance off state and a high-conductance on state generating a pulse-mode output. The operation is analogous to that of the axon hillock or trigger zone of the neuron, exhibiting a threshold behavior and a nonlinear dependence of the pulse frequency on the input voltage (mean membrane potential). Low-voltage and room-temperature operation are shown to be feasible.
Synthesis and characterization of high purity, single phase GaN powder (1995)

Synthesis of high-purity, single-phase gallium nitride (GaN) powder has been achieved by reacting molten Ga with flowing ammonia (NH 3 ) in a hot wall tube furnace. The optimum temperature, NH 3 flow rate, and position of the boat in the hot wall tube furnace relative to the NH 3 inlet for the complete reaction to pure GaN for our system were 975 °C, 400 standard cubic centimeters per minute (seem) and 50 cm, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data revealed the GaN to be single phase with a = 3.1891 Å, c = 5.1855 Å, in space group P 6 3 mc , Z =2 and D x =6.089 g cm −3 . Scanning electron microscopy revealed a particle size distribution in the crushed material between 1 and 5 μ m with most of the particles being ≍1 μm.
Design and noise analysis of a fully-differential charge pump for phase-locked loops (2009)

A fully-differential charge pump (FDCP) with perfect current matching and low output current noise is realized for phase-locked loops (PLLs). An easily stable common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit which can handle high input voltage swing is proposed. Current mismatch and current noise contribution from the CMFB circuit is minimized. In order to optimize PLL phase noise, the output current noise of the FDCP is analyzed in detail and calculated with the sampling principle. The calculation result agrees well with the simulation. Based on the noise analysis, many methods to lower output current noise of the FDCP are discussed. The fully-differential charge pump is integrated into a 1–2 GHz frequency synthesizer and fabricated in an SMIC CMOS 0.18 μm process. The measured output reference spur is –64 dBc to –69 dBc. The in-band and out-band phase noise is –95 dBc/Hz at 3 kHz frequency offset and –123 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz frequency offset respectively.
<sup>64</sup> Cu antibody-targeting of the T-cell receptor and subsequent internalization enables in vivo tracking of lymphocytes by PET (2015)

T cells are key players in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and immunotherapy. Thus, holistic and noninvasive in vivo characterizations of the temporal distribution and homing dynamics of lymphocytes in mammals are of special interest. Herein, we show that PET-based T-cell labeling facilitates quantitative, highly sensitive, and holistic monitoring of T-cell homing patterns in vivo. We developed a new T-cell receptor (TCR)-specific labeling approach for the intracellular labeling of mouse T cells. We found that continuous TCR plasma membrane turnover and the endocytosis of the specific (64)Cu-monoclonal antibody (mAb)-TCR complex enables a stable labeling of T cells. The TCR-mAb complex was internalized within 24 h, whereas antigen recognition was not impaired. Harmful effects of the label on the viability, DNA-damage and apoptosis-necrosis induction, could be minimized while yielding a high contrast in in vivo PET images. We were able to follow and quantify the specific homing of systemically applied (64)Cu-labeled chicken ovalbumin (cOVA)-TCR transgenic T cells into the pulmonary and perithymic lymph nodes (LNs) of mice with cOVA-induced airway delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTHR) but not into pulmonary and perithymic LNs of naïve control mice or mice diseased from turkey or pheasant OVA-induced DTHR. Our protocol provides consequent advancements in the detection of small accumulations of immune cells in single LNs and specific homing to the sites of inflammation by PET using the internalization of TCR-specific mAbs as a specific label of T cells. Thus, our labeling approach is applicable to other cells with constant membrane receptor turnover.
Polymercaptals and Polymercaptols<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymercaptals and Polymercaptols1C. S. Marvel, Elizabeth Heng Hui Shen, and R. R. ChambersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 5, 2106–2109Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01161a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01161a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sodium valproate (Epilim) in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. (1978)

Sodium valproate was given to seven children with refractory epilepsy and mental retardation. Four of the children became fit free while another was much improved. Plasma levels of sodium valproate correlated well with the dose prescribed and did not approach the theoretical top-desirable level of 200 microgram/ml despite larger than recommended doses. Side effects were minimal and it is concluded that the drug is safe and useful.
The Scintillation Counter (1949)

The scintination counter is a relatively new instrument for the detection and measurement of nuclear and atomic radiations. Light produced in a fluorescent material by the incident particle or quantum Is picked up by a photomultiplier tube. The resultant photoelectric emission is amplified in the photomultiplier by a series of secondary-emission stages. This paper is a review of the present state of knowledge regarding the characterstics of the counter and the details of Its operation.
Maize DRE‐binding proteins DBF1 and DBF2 are involved in <i>rab17</i> regulation through the drought‐responsive element in an ABA‐dependent pathway (2002)

The abscisic acid-responsive gene rab17 of maize is expressed during late embryogenesis, and is induced by ABA and desiccation in embryo and vegetative tissues. ABRE and DRE cis-elements are involved in regulation of the gene by ABA and drought. Using yeast one-hybrid screening, we isolated two cDNAs encoding two new DRE-binding proteins, designated DBF1 and DBF2, that are members of the AP2/EREBP transcription factor family. Analysis of mRNA accumulation profiles showed that DBF1 is induced during maize embryogenesis and after desiccation, NaCl and ABA treatments in plant seedlings, whereas the DBF2 mRNA is not induced. DNA-binding preferences of DBFs were analysed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and showed that both DBF1 and DBF2 bound to the wild-type DRE2 element, but not to the DRE2 mutant or to the DRE1 element which differs only in a single nucleotide. Transactivation activity using particle bombardment showed that DBF1 functioned as activator of DRE2-dependent transcription of rab17 promoter by ABA, whereas DBF2 overexpression had a repression action downregulating not only the basal promoter activity, but also the ABA effect. These results show that ABA plays a role in the regulation of DBF activity, and suggests the existence of an ABA-dependent pathway for the regulation of genes through the C-repeat/DRE element.