gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double-Stranded RNA Uptake through Topical Application, Mediates Silencing of Five CYP4 Genes and Suppresses Insecticide Resistance in Diaphorina citri (2014)

Silencing of genes through RNA interference (RNAi) in insects has gained momentum during the past few years. RNAi has been used to cause insect mortality, inhibit insect growth, increase insecticide susceptibility, and prevent the development of insecticide resistance. We investigated the efficacy of topically applied dsRNA to induce RNAi for five Cytochrome P450 genes family 4 (CYP4) in Diaphorina citri. We previously reported that these CYP4 genes are associated with the development of insecticide resistance in D. citri. We targeted five CYP4 genes that share a consensus sequence with one dsRNA construct. Quantitative PCR confirmed suppressed expression of the five CYP4 genes as a result of dsRNA topically applied to the thoracic region of D. citri when compared to the expression levels in a control group. Western blot analysis indicated a reduced signal of cytochrome P450 proteins (45 kDa) in adult D. citri treated with the dsRNA. In addition, oxidase activity and insecticide resistance were reduced for D. citri treated with dsRNA that targeted specific CYP4 genes. Mortality was significantly higher in adults treated with dsRNA than in adults treated with water. Our results indicate that topically applied dsRNA can penetrate the cuticle of D. citri and induce RNAi. These results broaden the scope of RNAi as a mechanism to manage pests by targeting a broad range of genes. The results also support the application of RNAi as a viable tool to overcome insecticide resistance development in D. citri populations. However, further research is needed to develop grower-friendly delivery systems for the application of dsRNA under field conditions. Considering the high specificity of dsRNA, this tool can also be used for management of D. citri by targeting physiologically critical genes involved in growth and development.
Effects of Clozapine, Olanzapine, Risperidone, and Haloperidol on Hostility Among Patients With Schizophrenia (2001)

Clozapine has a relative advantage over other antipsychotics as a specific antihostility agent.
Surface topography of histidine residues: a facile probe by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. (1989)

Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) has been explored as a probe into the topography of histidyl residues of a protein molecule. An evaluation of the chromatographic behavior of selected model proteins--thioredoxin, ubiquitin, calmodulin, lysozyme, cytochrome c, and myoglobin on immobilized transition metal ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+)--allows establishment of the following facets of the histidyl side chain distribution: (i) either interior or surface; (ii) when localized on the surface, accessible or unaccessible for coordination; (iii) single or multiple; (iv) when multiple, either distant or vicinal. Moreover, proteins displaying single histidyl side chains on their surfaces may, in some instances, be resolved by IMAC; apparently, the microenvironments of histidyl residues are sufficiently diverse to result in different affinities for the immobilized metal ions. IMAC, previously introduced as an approach to the fractionation of proteins, has become also, upon closer examination, a facile probe into the topography of histidyl residues. This is possible because of the inherent versatility of IMAC; an appropriate metal ion (M2+) can be selected to suit the analytical purpose and a particular chromatographic protocol can be applied (isocratic pH, falling pH, and imidazole elution).
General purpose simulation system/360 : introductory concepts and case studies (1968)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/7463/5/bad1969.0001.001.pdf
Charity affinity credit cards—marketing synergy for both card issuers and charities? (1993)

Charity affinity credit cards are one of the more recent fund‐raising initiatives of the charity sector in the United Kingdom. This paper explains and exemplifies the concept of the charity affinity card by discussing both the history and economies of the credit card and of its affinity variant. Using charity affinity card examples, the benefits that the card issuer and the affinity charity can derive from this type of credit card are contrasted and con‐pared. Whilst the card issuers often have a clear marketing objectives, their choice of affinity charity is a key factor for success, as is the way that the ongoing relationship with the charity is managed. The charities enter into these affinity relationships with different objectives in mind, but their own marketing expertise and the quality of the relationship that they establish with the card issuer are critical elements in achieving their objectives. In order to demonstrate the marketing synergy available to both card issuers and affinity charities the exchange relationships in affinity card agreements are modeled, as a basis for both parties to construct Win‐Win relationships with maximum marketing effectiveness.
Cl-Assisted Selective Area Growth of InP by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1999)

In order to further integrate optical devices, chlorine-assisted selective area growth by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy was investigated. By adding hydrogen chloride (HCl) to the conventional InP growth conditions, it was found that the spike-growth at the mask edge was suppressed, the flatness of growth plane was preserved, and an extremely high thickness enhancement ratio of 34 was obtained. Moreover, crystalline quality was not damaged by adding HCl. These results suggest that further integration of optical devices is possible by using Cl-assisted selective area growth.
An Extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Symmetric Response Routing (2003)

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) operates over UDP and TCP, among others.When used with UDP, responses to requests are returned to the source address the request came from, and to the port written into the topmost Via header field value of the request.This behavior is not desirable in many cases, most notably, when the client is behind a Network Address Translator (NAT).This extension defines a new parameter for the Via header field, called "rport", that allows a client to request that the server send the response back to the source IP address and port from which the request originated.
Genetic regulation of light damage to photoreceptors. (1987)

Albino mice of different inbred strains have been exposed to constant fluorescent lighting at an illuminance level of 115-130 ft-c for intervals of 1-6 weeks. Under these conditions the photoreceptors in retinas of albino BALB/cByJ mice rapidly degenerate, whereas the photoreceptors in retinas of albino C57BL/6J-c2J mice are remarkably more resistant to light damage. F1 heterozygotes produced from these two strains display an intermediate degree of light-induced degeneration. These findings demonstrate that phenotypically identical populations with different genetic constitutions can show markedly different sensitivities to light, and that genetic factors must now be included as a determinant for the severity of light damage.
Synthesis of LaPO<sub>4</sub>:Eu Nanostructures Using the Sol−Gel Template Method (2008)

The sol−gel template synthesis method was used to investigate size-induced changes in luminescence properties of Eu3+-doped LaPO4 materials. Both untemplated bulk powders as well as templated nanotubes ranging in size from 20 to 200 nm were synthesized. These materials were dried at 70 °C or dried and sintered at 650 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction data indicate that the untemplated dried bulk powder is a mix of hexagonal and monazite phases, whereas the dried and sintered bulk powder is a pure monazite phase. When the LaPO4:Eu material is templated, nanotubes are formed that reflect the dimensions of the template membrane. Luminescence data indicate the Eu3+ ion substitutes for the La3+ ion in the LaPO4 host lattice for both the bulk powders and the nanotubes. Notably, as the diameter of the tube decreases, the spectra broaden and the background signal increases significantly. This is likely the result of increased defects in smaller particles that have a larger surface-to-volume ratio.
A coding scheme for additive noise channels with feedback--II: Band-limited signals (1966)

In Part I of this paper, we presented a scheme for effectively exploiting a noiseless feedback link associated with an additive white Gaussian noise channel with {\em no} signal bandwidth constraints. We now extend the scheme for this channel, which we shall call the wideband (WB) scheme, to a band-limited (BL) channel with signal bandwidth restricted to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(- W, W)</tex> . Our feedback scheme achieves the well-known channel capacity, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C = W \ln (1 +P_{u,v}/N_{0} W)</tex> , for this system and, in fact, is apparently the first deterministic procedure for doing this. We evaluate the fairly simple exact error probability for our scheme and find that it provides considerable improvements over the best-known results (which are lower bounds on the performance of sphere-packed codes) for the one-way channel. We also study the degradation in performance of our scheme when there is noise in the feedback link.
Fast calculation of digitally reconstructed radiographs using parallelism (2007)

Please help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: scholar@sun.ac.za
Comparison of the orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase sequences of eight species (1988)

Predicted amino acid sequences of the enzyme orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.23) from eight different organisms are compared. The comparisons are made on the basis of primary structural differences, primary amino acid sequence, hydropathy profiles, and secondary structure predictions. The organisms compared are Mus musculus, Aspergillus nidulans, Neurospora crassa, Kluyveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium.
Hot off the press (2008)

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as bistellettazole A from a Stelletta species.
Manganese toxicity in critical care: Case report, literature review and recommendations for practice (2015)

We present the case of a 62-year-old man on the intensive care unit with pancreatitis. Since early in his admission, and for the remainder of his prolonged stay in intensive care, he has received parenteral nutrition for intestinal failure. The whole blood manganese concentration was significantly increased after 2½ months of parenteral nutrition (PN). Three months into his stay, he developed a resting tremor and extra-pyramidal dyskinesia. In the absence of other neurological symptoms, and with no history of essential tremor, Parkinsonism or cerebral signs, hypermanganesaemia was presumed to be the cause. We review manganese metabolism and toxicity in patients who are fed with parenteral nutrition and review the current recommendations and guidelines.
Fuel cell power generation from marine sediments: Investigation of cathode materials (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Marine sediment microbial fuel cells (MFC) utilise oxidisable carbon compounds and other components present in sediments on ocean floors and similar environments to produce power in conjunction with, principally, oxygen reduction at the cathode in the overlying water. The aim of the work was to investigate a range of cathode materials for sediment MFC, to achieve relatively high levels of power. RESULTS: Cell potential and power density performance data are reported for sediment MFC using cathodes of: carbon sponge, cloth and paper, graphite and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC), Co and Fe‐Co tetramethoxyphenyl porphyrin (FeCoTMPP) and platinised carbon and titanium. The anode was graphite cloth. After a period of stabilisation, open circuit voltages of 700 mV and maximum power densities of 62 mW m −2 were obtained, using FeCoTMPP. Relatively low cost carbon cathodes gave power densities of around 30 mW m −2 . CONCLUSIONS: The study has shown that low level power can be produced from marine sediments using MFC without separators between the fuel and seawater containing dissolved oxygen. Cathode performance was an important factor determining the power output. Electrocatalyst at the cathode improved performance: FeCoTMMP gave power densities of 60 mW m −2 which was twice that achieved with the best un‐modified carbon. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
25 GHz spacing ultra-dense WDM transmission experimentof1 Tbit/s (100 WDM×10 Gbit/s) over 7300 km using non pre-chirped RZ format (1999)

1 Tbit/s (100 WDM × 10 Gbit/s) transmission over 7300km with 25 GHz (0.2 nm) channel separation has been achieved using a non pre-chirped RZ format signal. The ultra-narrow channel spacing of 0.2 nm was adopted to fully utilise the bandwidth of the long-distance erbium-doped fibre amplifier chain. As a result, error-free transmission is possible using forward error correction.
Practical issues in run by run process control (1995)

Several works have described the implementation of systems for the run by run (RbR) control of semiconductor fabrication processes. In this paper, we consider algorithmic issues not often discussed arising out of our experience in the RbR control of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). These issues include, first, limits on multiple input variables (machine settings). Such constraints must be implemented efficiently, and we compare a fast heuristic-based constraint method against a full optimization approach. Second, an input weight method enables the process engineer to manage which input parameters should be more readily modified and which should be changed less. Third, we have found that rounding off of suggested recipes before use on equipment (because of limited granularity in machine settings) can degrade the operational results compared to those ideally expected. We describe a heuristic that handles the quantization of input variables so as to improve the model based recipes suggested by the controller. This heuristic avoids the computational implication of a full integer optimization problem. Finally, we discuss methods for the selection of key controller parameters (e.g. the "forgetting factor" in an exponentially weighted moving average controller). Together, these and similar practical barriers must be understood and solved in order to have a usable run by run control strategy. These extensions to the MIT RbR algorithms have been implemented and successfully demonstrated in the control of CMP processes.
Serum levels of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) I, II and IGF binding protein in diabetic adolescents treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (1989)

IGF-I and IGF-II as well as the low molecular type of IGF binding protein (IGFPB) were determined in serum from 11 adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) during a cross-over study with conventional and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CIT and CSII) therapy. At the onset of the study the mean IGF-I level, 127 +/- 15 ng ml-1, was significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) in comparison with age-matched controls, whereas the mean IGF-II level, 1024 +/- 48 ng ml-1, was increased. A significant correlation (r = 0.70, P less than 0.05) was found between IGF-II and HbA1c levels. The mean morning level of IGFBP, 75 +/- 17 ng ml-1, at the onset of the study, was increased threefold above that in age-matched controls (P less than 0.01). There was a significant correlation between IGFBP and blood glucose values (r = 0.66, P less than 0.05). During CSII therapy a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) of the IGFBP levels was seen in subjects with a decrease in glucose levels, whereas no change was observed in IGF levels. The findings of elevated IGF-II and IGFBP levels and correlations between IGFBP and blood glucose concentration as well as IGF-II and HbA1c levels in adolescents with IDDM indicate that both IGF-II and IGFBP reflect a deranged metabolism caused by inadequate insulin administration.
Ligand‐free SET‐DTLRP of MMA at room temperature (2013)

Abstract An iodine‐based initiator, 2‐iodo‐2‐methylpropionitrile (CPI), was utilized for the single‐electron transfer and degenerative chain transfer mediated living radical polymerization (SET‐DTLRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the absence of ligand, at ambient temperature. The CPI‐initiated ligand‐free polymerizations manifested reasonable control over molecular weights with relatively narrow distributions ( M w / M n ≤ 1.35). The living nature of the polymers was further confirmed by successful chain extension reaction and 1 H NMR with high chain‐end fidelity (∼96%). Screening of the available solvents suggested that the controllability of this polymerization was highly dependent on the kind of solvents, wherein dimethyl sulfoxide was a better solvent for a controlled molecular weight. The proposed ligand‐free SET‐DTLRP initiated by CPI was intriguing since it would dramatically decrease the concentration of Cu(0) ions both in polymerization system and resultant polymer, and provided a more economical and eco‐friendly reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization technique. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Short‐term effects of coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> in progressive supranuclear palsy: A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (2008)

Mitochondrial complex I appears to be dysfunctional in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is a physiological cofactor of complex I. Therefore, we evaluated the short-term effects of CoQ(10) in PSP. We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II trial, including 21 clinically probable PSP patients (stage < or = III) to receive a liquid nanodispersion of CoQ(10) (5 mg/kg/day) or matching placebo. Over a 6-week period, we determined the change in CoQ(10) serum concentration, cerebral energy metabolites (by (31)P- and (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy), motor and neuropsychological dysfunction (PSP rating scale, UPDRS III, Hoehn and Yahr stage, Frontal Assessment Battery, Mini Mental Status Examination, Montgomery Asberg Depression Scale). CoQ(10) was safe and well tolerated. In patients receiving CoQ(10) compared to placebo, the concentration of low-energy phosphates (adenosine-diphosphate, unphosphorylated creatine) decreased. Consequently, the ratio of high-energy phosphates to low-energy phosphates (adenosine-triphosphate to adenosine-diphosphate, phospho-creatine to unphosphorylated creatine) increased. These changes were significant in the occipital lobe and showed a consistent trend in the basal ganglia. Clinically, the PSP rating scale and the Frontal Assessment Battery improved slightly, but significantly, upon CoQ(10) treatment compared to placebo. Since CoQ(10) appears to improve cerebral energy metabolism in PSP, long-term treatment might have a disease-modifying, neuroprotective effect.
Entsteht ein Markt für Unternehmensleiter? Karriereverläufe deutscher Manager im Wandel (2009)

Die Agency-Literatur sieht funktionierende Kapital- und Finanzmärkte als effiziente Möglichkeit zur Kontrolle von Unternehmen und ihres Managements. Seit zwei Jahrzehnten gewinnen die Finanzmärkte auch in Deutschland an Bedeutung und lösen die Unternehmenskontrolle durch die traditionellen Netzwerke ab. Der Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit sich im Zuge dieser Entwicklungen ein Markt für Unternehmensleiter herausgebildet hat. Grundlage des Papiers ist eine Datenbank, in der die Karriereverläufe der Vorstandsvorsitzenden der 50 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen zwischen 1960 und 2005 erfasst sind. Es wird argumentiert, dass die veränderten Karrieremuster auf eine Stärkung des Konkurrenzprinzips bei der Besetzung und Beurteilung von Unternehmensleitern hindeuten. Die Märkte für Manager entstehen aber nicht extern sondern innerhalb der Unternehmen.
The Wage Effects of Marital Status and Children (1979)

Using data from the ninth wave of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, changes in the wage effects of marital status and number-of-children for workers of the same race and sex are analyzed as more refined measures of work experience, training, and labor force attachment are substituted for conventional measures of these factors. The results indicate that number-of-children is a good proxy variable for differential work history and labor market attachment among white women, and that marital status is not a proxy for such differences among any of the four major race/sex subgroups of workers, including white women. Overall, the findings suggest that, controlling for numerous aspects of worker qualifications, workers with greater financial responsibilities to their families receive higher wages.
Structural and antigenic characteristics of Campylobacter coli FlaA flagellin (1994)

The polar flagellar filament of Campylobacter coli VC167 is composed of two highly related (98%) flagellin subunit proteins, FlaA and FlaB, whose antigenic specificities result from posttranslational modification. FlaA is the predominant flagellin species, and mutants expressing only FlaA form a full-length flagellar filament. Although the deduced M(r) of type 2 (T2) FlaA is 58,884 and the apparent M(r) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is 59,500, the solution weight-average M(r) by sedimentation analysis was 63,000. Circular dichroism studies in the presence or absence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate or 50% trifluorethanol showed that the secondary structure of T2 FlaA flagellin was altered, with alpha-helix structure being increased to 25% in the nonpolar environment. The molecule also contained 35 to 48% beta-sheet and 11 to 29% beta-turn structure. Mimeotope analysis of octapeptides representing the sequence of FlaA together with immunoelectron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a panel of antisera indicated that many residues in presumed linear epitopes were inaccessible or nonepitopic in the assembled filament, with the majority being in the N-terminal 337 residues of the 572-residue flagellin. Residues at the carboxy-terminal end of the T2 FlaA subunit also become inaccessible upon assembly. Digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and endoproteinase Glu-C revealed a protease-resistant domain with an approximate M(r) of 18,700 between residues 193 and 375. Digestion with endoproteinase Arg-C and endoproteinase Lys-C allowed the mapping of a segment of surface-exposed FlaA sequence which contributes serospecificity to the VC167 T2 flagellar filament at residues between 421 and 480.
Garantías de los contratos: Riesgos de las asignaciones parciales. (2006)

Se analiza cierta problematica inherente a la instrumentacion de garantias sobre derechos contractuales.
The electrical conductivity of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the temperature range 180-290  C (1966)

The d.c. conductivity of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the temperature range 180-290°C, and its variation on annealing the sample, have been obtained from measurements of the conductivity at 50 c/s. The activation energy for conduction appears to be independent of the average molecular weight of the sample over the range 8900 to 17 400 but dependent upon the degree of crystallinity. The values of activation energy obtained for the molten state and the annealed solid above 180°C were 0·62 and 0·90 eV respectively, with a conductivity at 280°C of the order of 5 × 10-9 mho cm-1. The results suggest that at high temperatures ions rather than electrons are the dominant charge carriers, whereas at lower temperatures the work of other investigators has sometimes favoured electronic conduction. Both mechanisms may be present but the temperature variation of the relative mobilities causes ionic conduction to predominate at high temperatures.