gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immobilization to Positively Charged Cellulose Nanocrystals Enhances the Antibacterial Activity and Stability of Hen Egg White and T4 Lysozyme (2017)

Antibacterial bionanostructures were produced from cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with immobilized lysozyme from hen egg white (HEW) and T4 bacteriophage, respectively. The nanocrystals were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose by ammonium persulfate oxidation with a yield of 68% and having an average size of 250 nm and low polydispersity index. HEW lysozyme (HEWL) and T4 lysozyme (T4L) were immobilized to CNC by different mechanisms including adsorption and covalent coupling to carbodiimide-activated carboxylate groups and to glutaraldehyde-activated aminated CNC (Am-CNC), respectively. The effect of immobilization on the enzymatic activity (both lytic and hydrolytic) and antibacterial activity of the lysozymes was studied using different methods. Am-CNC-lysozyme conjugates retained the highest lytic activity, 86.3% and 78.3% for HEWL and T4L, respectively. They also showed enhanced bactericidal activity with high potency against Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria in a relatively shorter time as compared to the free enzymes and resulted in extensive cellular damage, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. The enhanced antibacterial activity was correlated with the increase in zeta potential of Am-CNC-lysozyme conjugates. The immobilized lysozyme preparations further exhibited enhanced storage stability at 4 and 22 °C.
Acute Corneal Melt Associated With Topical Bromfenac Use (2011)

The current case suggests that corneal melt can occur as a complication of inadvertent excessive use of topical bromfenac in the presence of preexisting ocular surface disorders. However, good visual outcome can be achieved by prompt conservative treatment if accurate diagnosis is made at an early stage.
Synthesis, Spectral, Thermal Studies of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)‐arginato Complexes. Crystal Structure of Monoaquabis(arginato‐κO,κN)copper(II). [Cu(arg)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)].NaNO<sub>3</sub> (2014)

Abstract Transition metal complexes of arginine (using Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) cations separately) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, TG/DTA‐DrTG, UV‐Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis methods. Cu(II)‐Arg complex crystals was found suitable for x‐ray diffraction studies. It was contained, one mole Cu II and Na + ions, two arginate ligands, one coordinated aqua ligand and one solvent NO 3 − group in the asymmetric unit. The principle coordination sites of metal atom have been occupied by two N atoms of arginate ligands, two carboxylate O atoms, while the apical site was occupied by one O atom for Cu II cation and two O atoms for Co II , Ni II , Zn II atoms of aqua ligands. Although Cu II ion adopts a square pyramidal geometry of the structure. Co II , Ni II , Zn II cations have octahedral due to coordination number of these metals. Neighbouring chains were linked together to form a three‐dimensional network via hydrogen‐bonding between coordinated water molecule, amino atoms and O atoms of the bridging carboxylate groups. Cu II complex was crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2 1 , a = 8.4407(5) Å, b = 12.0976(5) Å, c = 10.2448(6) Å, V = 1041.03(10) Å 3 , Z = 2. Structures of the other metal complexes were similar to CuII complex, because of their spectroscopic studies have in agreement with each other. Copper complex has shown DNA like helix chain structure. Lastly, anti‐bacterial, anti‐microbial and anti‐fungal biological activities of complexes were investigated.
Vorinostat for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (2010)

Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) is the first US FDA-approved histone deacetylase inhibitor for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). In two Phase II trials, vorinostat was safe and effective at an oral dose of 400 mg/day, with an overall response rate of 24–30% in refractory advanced CTCL patients, including large-cell transformed mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Most patients with CTCL also experience significant itching relief with vorinostat therapy. Moreover, a recent follow-up study reported long-term safety and clinical benefits of vorinostat in heavily pretreated patients with CTCL, regardless of previous treatment failures. The most frequent side effects of vorinostat include gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue and thrombocytopenia. These side effects are dose-related and reversible upon cessation of therapy. Translational studies have shown that vorinostat has in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activities against CTCL, including selective induction of apoptosis in tumor T cells, inhibition of angiogenesis, suppression of signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins and upregulation of proapoptotic proteins. Further identification of predictive biomarkers of vorinostat will help to select patients most likely to benefit from treatment and develop better combination therapies for patients with CTCL.
Three dimensional mathematical modelling of pronuclei migration for the mouse (2009)

It is still an open question when the orientation of the embryonic-abembryonic axis of the mouse embryo is laid down. The two most explicit symmetry breaking events for the egg are the extrusion of the second polar body and the sperm entry. The main question addressed in this paper is what happens between the sperm entering the egg and fusion of the two pronuclei. Orientation of the apposing pronuclei probably plays a decisive role in the polarity of the developing embryo. In order to shed some lights on this intriguing question, a mathematical model that describes the pronuclei dynamics have been constructed in the form of a stochastic differential equation. The model concerns pronuclei migration from the time of the sperm entry to the fusion and spatial orientation of this fusion. The methodology consists of using stacks of confocal microscopy time-lapse images of the pronuclei migration together with statistical methods to identify realistic parameters in the model. Given different angles between the sperm entry and the position of the second polar body, the final model is then used to produce distributions of orientations of the meeting positions between the pronuclei. However, the main result is the suggested model itself which describes the main features of the migration. The fitted model is based on two forces of attraction. Migration is directed towards the centre but also towards the other pronucleus. Parameter values corresponding to the size of these forces are estimated from data of both eggs treated with a microtubule inhibitor and untreated eggs. Simulations from the model with the different model parameters are accomplished and distributions of meeting positions are plotted. These simulated distributions could for instance be used as initial value distributions for future models of egg cleavage.
An Analysis of Four Different Approaches to Predict and Control Sintering (2009)

Understanding and predicting sintering, which have been goals since the first attempts to mathematically describe the sintering process in the 1950s, are necessary to eliminate machining after sintering and to reliably predict and control the sintered microstructure and the resultant mechanical and other desired properties. In this study, four different sintering models are evaluated relative to one another and the experimental data, revealing their attributes, deficiencies, and modifications/improvements in order to facilitate their application, including the following: (i) a microstructure‐based model for solid state sintering, mainly developed by Riedel and Svoboda (RS); (ii) a viscous sintering (SOVS) model developed by Skorohod and advanced by Olevsky; (iii) a Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model provided by Tikare; and (iv) the master sintering curve (MSC) approach introduced by Johnson et al. For different reasons, all four models have deficiencies that preclude achieving the most challenging goal of being able to comprehensively understand and predict sintering behavior: (i) the RS and the KMC models are complicated and difficult to use; (ii) the SOVS model cannot predict microstructure evolution; and (iii) the KMC model and the MSC have no stresses in their mathematical description, so they cannot simulate the effects of external forces. Each model also has attributes: (i) the KMC model allows one to follow the evolution of mesostructure; (ii) the MSC concept and the RS model are suitable for predicting densification curves for a wide variety of temperature–time profiles; and (iii) the SOVS and the RS models, which are implemented into finite element codes, can be used to predict density gradients and the warping of complex shape parts. Individually and together, the MSC, KMC, SOVS, and RS models can be useful tools to advance the fundamental understanding and improve the control of sintering.
Response to a multi‐media system (1969)

Abstract Several physics classes followed an integrated multi‐media, multi‐modal teaching‐learning system or schedule, and completed a number of evaluation instruments designed to collect data on both affective and cognitive variables, as well as on the resulting behaviors of teachers and students. The data lead to some tentative conclusions about reactions of students to different media in such a system, effects of media on learning, and the impact of the system on teacher self‐concept. Conclusions relate to the future of such integrated systems and their effects on motivation and learning.
A Semiautomated System for Clinical Assays of Enzymes (1963)

A Semiautomated System for Clinical Assays of Enzymes Get access John B. Henry, M.D., John B. Henry, M.D. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, and Clinical Laboratories, Teaching Hospital and, Clinics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Edward S. Cestaric, M.D., Edward S. Cestaric, M.D. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, and Clinical Laboratories, Teaching Hospital and, Clinics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Anne Goodwin, B.S., M.T. (ASCP) Anne Goodwin, B.S., M.T. (ASCP) Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, and Clinical Laboratories, Teaching Hospital and, Clinics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 40, Issue 3, 1 September 1963, Pages 252–259, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/40.3.252 Published: 01 September 1963 Article history Received: 05 February 1963 Accepted: 27 May 1963 Published: 01 September 1963
Flaviviral NS4b, chameleon and jack‐in‐the‐box roles in viral replication and pathogenesis, and a molecular target for antiviral intervention (2015)

Dengue virus and other flaviviruses such as the yellow fever, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses are emerging vector-borne human pathogens that affect annually more than 100 million individuals and that may cause debilitating and potentially fatal hemorrhagic and encephalitic diseases. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs for the treatment of flavivirus-associated disease. A better understanding of the flavivirus-host interactions during the different events of the flaviviral life cycle may be essential when developing novel antiviral strategies. The flaviviral non-structural protein 4b (NS4b) appears to play an important role in flaviviral replication by facilitating the formation of the viral replication complexes and in counteracting innate immune responses such as the following: (i) type I IFN signaling; (ii) RNA interference; (iii) formation of stress granules; and (iv) the unfolded protein response. Intriguingly, NS4b has recently been shown to constitute an excellent target for the selective inhibition of flavivirus replication. We here review the current knowledge on NS4b.
A major new component in the cellulosome of<i>Clostridium thermocellum</i>is a processive endo-Î²-1,4-glucanase producing cellotetraose (2005)

Cel9R, a major component in the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum, is one of the most prevalent beta-glucanases in the complex after Cel48S and Cel8A. The recombinant product of gene celR is optimally active at 78.5 degrees C on amorphous cellulose, carboxymethyl-cellulose, and barley beta-1,3-1,4-glucan. From amorphous cellulose it produces initially cellotetraose which is slowly degraded to glucose, cellobiose and cellotriose. This product pattern indicates a processive endoglucanase-mode which was corroborated by the initial and simultaneous production of new reducing ends in the soluble as well as in the insoluble fraction of amorphous cellulose. pNP-Cellopentaoside is degraded to cellotetraose and pNP-glucoside, suggesting cellotetraose release from the non-reducing end. The newly discovered Cel9R thus is a novel type of cellulase in the cellulosome of C. thermocellum: a processive endo-beta-1,4-glucanase producing cellotetraose as the primary hydrolysis product. The presence in the cellulosome and the hydrolytic mode of this cellotetraohydrolase has implications for our understanding of the in vivo conversion of cellulose by bacteria.
Neuromelanin biosynthesis is driven by excess cytosolic catecholamines not accumulated by synaptic vesicles (2000)

Melanin, the pigment in hair, skin, eyes, and feathers, protects external tissue from damage by UV light. In contrast, neuromelanin (NM) is found in deep brain regions, specifically in loci that degenerate in Parkinson's disease. Although this distribution suggests a role for NM in Parkinson's disease neurodegeneration, the biosynthesis and function of NM have eluded characterization because of lack of an experimental system. We induced NM in rat substantia nigra and PC12 cell cultures by exposure to l-dihydroxyphenylalanine, which is rapidly converted to dopamine (DA) in the cytosol. This pigment was identical to human NM as assessed by paramagnetic resonance and was localized in double membrane autophagic vacuoles identical to NM granules of human substantia nigra. NM synthesis was abolished by adenoviral-mediated overexpression of the synaptic vesicle catecholamine transporter VMAT2, which decreases cytosolic DA by increasing vesicular accumulation of neurotransmitter. The NM is in a stable complex with ferric iron, and NM synthesis was inhibited by the iron chelator desferrioxamine, indicating that cytosolic DA and dihydroxyphenylalanine are oxidized by iron-mediated catalysis to membrane-impermeant quinones and semiquinones. NM synthesis thus results from excess cytosolic catecholamines not accumulated into synaptic vesicles. The permanent accumulation of excess catechols, quinones, and catechol adducts into a membrane-impermeant substance trapped in organelles may provide an antioxidant mechanism for catecholamine neurons. However, NM in organelles associated with secretory pathways may interfere with signaling, as it delays stimulated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
Spatial resolution of thermal wave microscopes (1983)

It is demonstrated theoretically and confirmed experimentally that the intrinsic spatial resolution of a thermal wave microscope in the extreme near field limit is independent of thermal wavelength and is determined by the depth of the thermal scatterer beneath the surface of the specimen.
Monitoring Specific T-Cell Responses to Melanoma Vaccines: ELISPOT, Tetramers, and Beyond (2000)

The molecular identification of antigens expressed preferentially in tumor cells has enabled the development of antigen-specific vaccines against human cancer. The majority of human tumor antigens characterized to date have been isolated from melanoma cells based on class I major histocompatibility
Grafting of electronically conducting polyaniline on insulating surfaces (1992)

A method is described to graft conducting polyaniline onto glass fabric, glass wool and nylon cloth to impart flexibility and mechanical strength to the polyaniline, which is otherwise powdery and untracable. These flexible conductive surfaces can find application as antistatic shields.
Nanosecond time resolution of electron-nuclear cross polarization within the optical nuclear polarization (ONP) process (1991)

The spin dynamics of the generation of high nuclear spin polarization as a result of optical excitation (ONP) is studied with time resolution extending into the nanosecond range with the help of synchronized light and RF pulses. The well-characterized system-acridine doped into a crystalline fluorene matrix-has been used for the present dynamics study. With a short laser pulse, a selective sublevel population of the lowest acridine triplet state is generated. Resonant RF pulses of variable length initiate transfer of the electronic to nuclear spin polarization; the ONP-amplitude as a function of the RF pulse-length shows oscillating behaviour closely related to nutations of the electronic spins due to the resonant RF field. The ONP amplitude at the oscillation maximum is more than twice as high as the ONP level obtainable by CW RF-irradiation, which reflects an improved efficiency of the polarization transfer process. In contrast to the wide range of ONP experiments employing electron spins of stable paramagnetic systems the pulsed version of the ONP experiment permits direct time resolution of the electron nuclear cross-polarization process. In order to explain the results a two-step process is proposed and tested against the experimental data.
Stylometry for E-mail Author Identification and Authentication (2008)

The identification of the authorship of e-mail messages is of increasing importance due to an increase in the use of e-mail for criminal purposes. An author’s unique writing style can be reduced to a pattern by making measurements of various stylometric features from the written text. This paper reports on work to optimize and extend an existing C # based stylometry system that identifies the author of an arbitrary e-mail by using fifty-five writing style features. The program has been extended to provide feature vector data in a format appropriate for distribution to other project teams for subsequent data mining and classification experiments.
Software implementation of VCRs on personal computing systems (1992)

The author presents a window-based editor for manipulating digital video and audio. The editor supports real-time recording, playback, and editing of several multimedia objects. Using the X-Windows system, the editor was implemented on an environment of Sun SPARC stations and PC-ATs equipped with video compression hardware. The user interface of the multimedia editor consists of a main editing window for each display device, and rope windows, which represent synchronized sequences of digital video and audio being processed, called ropes. Experience showed that the editor provides a simple powerful system for multimedia document preparation, and can act as a basis for supporting various multimedia applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mood disorders in the general population represent an important and worldwide public health problem (1995)

There are now credible empirical data to support the conclusions that depressive disorders are among the most common diseases that human beings experience, with approximately 11.3% of all adults afflicted by these disorders during any one year. In comparison to common medical illnesses, such as diabetes, hypertension, lung diseases, etc., depression is associated with significantly greater physical limitations, more dysfunction in ability to perform one's social and occupational role and with increased bed days and poorer estimation of personal health. The disability associated with depression is compounded and extended by the fact that depressive disorders have a high tendency toward recurrence, relapse and chronicity. Thus, not only are patients acutely disabled from acute episodes of major depression or dysthymia, but they tend to be disabled for significant segments of their lifetimes by the lifelong nature of the clinical course of the mood disorders. Further, the scientific evidence now available indicates that even subsyndromal symptomatic and minor depressions are associated with significant disability and dysfunction as well. Finally, the accumulation of high prevalence, the significant disability and the lifelong nature of depressive disorders results in a palpable impact on all of the national economies throughout the world. It can be confidently concluded that depressive disorders are among the most common, disabling and costly of any of the diseases in the health care spectrum and represent significant, serious public health problems.
On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Normality with Mean and Variance Unknown (1967)

Abstract The standard tables used for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test are valid when testing whether a set of observations are from a completely-specified continuous distribution. If one or more parameters must be estimated from the sample then the tables are no longer valid. A table is given in this note for use with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic for testing whether a set of observations is from a normal population when the mean and variance are not specified but must be estimated from the sample. The table is obtained from a Monte Carlo calculation. A brief Monte Carlo investigation is made of the power of the test.
Support-set bottlenecks for video-text representation learning (2020)

The dominant paradigm for learning video-text representations -- noise contrastive learning -- increases the similarity of the representations of pairs of samples that are known to be related, such as text and video from the same sample, and pushes away the representations of all other pairs. We posit that this last behaviour is too strict, enforcing dissimilar representations even for samples that are semantically-related -- for example, visually similar videos or ones that share the same depicted action. In this paper, we propose a novel method that alleviates this by leveraging a generative model to naturally push these related samples together: each sample's caption must be reconstructed as a weighted combination of other support samples' visual representations. This simple idea ensures that representations are not overly-specialized to individual samples, are reusable across the dataset, and results in representations that explicitly encode semantics shared between samples, unlike noise contrastive learning. Our proposed method outperforms others by a large margin on MSR-VTT, VATEX and ActivityNet, and MSVD for video-to-text and text-to-video retrieval.
Simultaneous <i>in situ</i> measurements of properties of particulates in rf silane plasmas using a polarization-sensitive laser-light-scattering method (1996)

A polarization-sensitive laser-light-scattering method is developed for simultaneous in situ measurements of properties (size, size dispersion, density, and refractive index) of particulates formed in processing plasmas. The developed system is applied to observe the growth processes of particulates in a range of their size larger than about 10 nm in rf silane plasmas. A size, a size dispersion (logarithm of a standard deviation of size), a density, and a refractive index of particulates in the plasmas are found to be 10–200 nm, about 0.1, 107–109 cm−3 and about 3–5i, respectively. The former three of such values agree fairly well with ones deduced from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation. These particulates grow through three phases of nucleation and initial growth, rapid growth, and growth saturation. Coexistence of two size groups of particulates with narrow size dispersions during and after the rapid growth phase verified by the SEM observation may be explained by a model taking into account coagulation between oppositely charged particulates.