gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rain type classification algorithm for TRMM precipitation radar (2002)

A TRMM precipitation radar (PR) standard algorithm for classifying precipitation types is designated as the algorithm 2A-23. This algorithm classifies precipitation type into three categories: stratiform, convective, and other. In the case of convective precipitation, a further examination is made to determine whether it is warm rain or not. The algorithm 2A-23 also detects bright band and determines the height of a bright band when it is detected.
Massively Parallel Validation of High-Speed Serial Interfaces using Compact Instrument Modules (2006)

An extremely dense high-speed serial interface validation tester is presented. By relying on parallelism and on efficient measurement techniques, the proposed tester significantly reduces the time to validate the key parameters for serdes interfaces such as the bit error rate, receiver sensitivity, receiver jitter tolerance, and transmit jitter generation. Key timing specifications include periodic jitter injection with less than 5 psec edge-placement resolution and jitter measurement with 160 fsec sampling delay resolution
Reduction of prostate intrafraction motion using gas‐release rectal balloons (2012)

Prostate intrafraction motion is an important uncertainty source in radiotherapy after image-guided patient setup with online corrections. Compared to non-gas-release rectal balloons, gas-release balloons can reduce prostate intrafraction motion in the SI and AP directions caused by gas buildup.
Iron enhances tumor growth. Observation on spontaneous mammary tumors in mice (1991)

Iron is essential for the growth of all cells, including tumor cells. The authors previously reported that a variety of transplantable tumors grew faster and larger in mice that were on an iron-rich diet compared with those on an iron-deficient diet. In this study the authors examined the relationship between iron in the diet and development of tumors in mice that are known to develop spontaneous tumors--C3H/HeN-MTV+(C3H-MTV+) mice that were congenitally infected with mammary tumor virus. These mice have a greater than 96% chance of developing mammary tumors between the ages of 7.2 and 9.2 months. Fifteen C3H-MTV+ weanlings were given a low-iron diet (5 mg iron/kg diet), and 15 were given diets with normal amounts of iron (180 mg Fe/kg diet). Thirteen of the 15 mice from the low-iron group and all 15 mice from the normal-iron group developed tumors. The average tumor growth rate in the normal-iron group was 112%/wk, compared with 62%/wk for the low-iron group. The difference in tumor growth rate between the two groups was significant (P = 0.02 by Student's t test). In this study, low iron intake did not prevent tumor development, but the results confirm the authors' previous report that iron nutrition of the host affects tumor growth; tumors grow better in an iron-rich environment. High levels of iron in the diet may enhance tumor growth, and this should be considered when treating patients with cancer.
The Stability of Self-Employment (2010)

The persistent role of self-employment in the Japanese and Korean economies and its changing character under recent economic and industrial changes merit renewed attention to self-employment in the two countries. Using individuals’ job history data, the article compares the occupational heterogeneity of self-employment activities and stability in Japan and Korea. Korea shows a much higher prevalence of shop/restaurant owners among total self-employment than Japan, where skilled blue-collar self-employed occupy a relatively large share. The hazard models of exit from self-employment show that the overall likelihood of leaving self-employment is greater among Korean self-employed than their Japanese counterparts. In Korea, shop/restaurant owners not only comprise the majority of self-employed persons but also show a fairly high risk of exit, similar to unskilled self-employed. This pattern is contrasted to shop/restaurant owners in Japan, who show considerable stability. The study addresses how differences in the stability of self-employment between Japan and Korea are linked to different features of broader work arrangements in the two countries.
Three-Color Polymer Light-Emitting Devices Patterned by Maskless Dye Diffusion onto Prepatterned Electrode (1999)

A simple technique of maskless dye diffusion into polymer films on prepatterned electrodes is developed and three-color polymer light-emitting devices were successfully fabricated on a glass plate. In this method, prepatterned electrodes beneath precoated receiver film are utilized as heaters for activating dye molecules. Upon doping with three types of dye, 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene, coumarin 6 and Nile red into poly(N-vinylcarbazole) by the present diffusion method, blue, green and red emissions were obtained. It is found that the onset voltage of emission does not depend on the type of dye. The maskless dye diffusion technique can be applicable to a variety of devices such as photovoltaic devices.
On-line identification of PMSM electrical parameters based on decoupling control (2002)

In this paper, an online identification method of a PMSM's (permanent magnet synchronous motor) electrical parameters based on decoupling control is proposed. Its practical implementation is very simple, especially in the case of a nonsalient pole PMSM. A global stability study based on the second method of Lyapunov guarantees the convergence of the estimated parameters under certain conditions. The simulation results as well as the experimental ones illustrate the validity of the analytic approach and the efficiency of the proposed method.
Hypercatabolism of IgG, IgA, IgM, and albumin in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (1971)

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an immune deficiency disorder with an impairment of both humoral and cellular immune responses. Metabolic turnover studies of IgG, IgA, IgM, and albumin were conducted in seven patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome using purified radioiodinated proteins. The survival of each of the proteins studied was significantly shortened with a half-time of 7.5 days for IgG (normal 22.9 +/-4 SD), 3.0 days for IgA (normal 5.8 +/-1), 5.0 days for IgM (normal 10.1 +/-2.1), and 8.6 days for albumin (normal 17, range 13-20); the fractional catabolic rates were correspondingly elevated and the distribution of protein among the body compartments was normal. For three of the four proteins. IgG, IgA, and albumin, the steady-state synthetic rates were generally elevated leading to normal or even elevated serum proteins levels. Thus, in the case of IgA, the synthetic rate averaged five times normal while the fractional degradative rate was twice normal. The resulting serum concentration was, therefore, significantly elevated, IgM represented an exception to this pattern in that the increased rate of degradation was not counterbalanced by an increased synthetic rate and, therefore, the serum levels were low. Albumin clearance studies using albumin-(51)Cr showed gastrointestinal protein loss in these patients to be slightly greater than normal, but this could account for only a small fraction of the hypercatabolism observed. There was no proteinuria or abnormalities of thyroid, adrenal, renal, or liver function. Thus, none of the previously recognized causes of increased serum protein catabolism were present. Patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, therefore, have a unique disorder of serum protein metabolism characterized by endogenous hypercatabolism of at least four major serum proteins. This phenomenon may be related to reticuloendothelial hyperfunction since the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is associated with reticuloendothelial hyperplasia and accelerated clearance of colloidal materials from the plasma.
Structural Texture Similarity Metrics for Image Analysis and Retrieval (2013)

We develop new metrics for texture similarity that accounts for human visual perception and the stochastic nature of textures. The metrics rely entirely on local image statistics and allow substantial point-by-point deviations between textures that according to human judgment are essentially identical. The proposed metrics extend the ideas of structural similarity and are guided by research in texture analysis-synthesis. They are implemented using a steerable filter decomposition and incorporate a concise set of subband statistics, computed globally or in sliding windows. We conduct systematic tests to investigate metric performance in the context of "known-item search," the retrieval of textures that are "identical" to the query texture. This eliminates the need for cumbersome subjective tests, thus enabling comparisons with human performance on a large database. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed metrics outperform peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity metric (SSIM) and its variations, as well as state-of-the-art texture classification metrics, using standard statistical measures.
A fully biocompatible single-mode distributed feedback laser (2014)

A fully biocompatible laser would be attractive in many aspects of biomedical research. Here we report a single-mode biocompatible distributed feedback laser consisting of silk, riboflavin and silver in the form of a freestanding film. The distributed feedback structure has a large surface area and flexibility. The fabricated laser exhibited single-mode lasing at a wavelength of 495 nm.
Respect in forensic psychiatric nurse-patient relationships: A practical compromise (2011)

The context of forensic psychiatric nursing is distinct from other psychiatric settings as, it involves placement of patients in secure environments with restrictions determined by the courts. Previous literature has identified that nurses morally struggle with respecting patients who have committed heinous offences, which can lead to the patient being depersonalized and dehumanized. Although respect is fundamental to ethical nursing practice, it has not been adequately explored conceptually or empirically. As a result, little knowledge exists that identifies how nurses develop, maintain, and express respect for patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of respect systematically, from a forensic psychiatric nurse's perspective using the qualitative methodology of focused ethnography. Forensic psychiatric nurses were recruited from two medium secure forensic rehabilitation units. In the first interview, 13 registered nurses (RNs) and two registered practical nurses (RPNs) participated, and although all informants were invited to the second interview, six RNs were lost to follow-up. Despite this loss, saturation was achieved and the data were interpreted through a feminist philosophical lens. Respect was influenced by factors categorized into four themes: (1) emotive-cognitive reactions, (2) nonjudgmental approach, (3) social identity and power, and (4) context. The data from the themes indicate that forensic psychiatric nurses strike a practical compromise, in their understanding and enactment of respect in therapeutic relationships with forensic psychiatric patients.
Rancang Bangun Media Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Penilaian dan Evaluasi Pembelajaran PPKn (2021)

Penelitian “Rancang Bangun Media Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Penilaian dan Evaluasi Pembelajaran PPKn ”bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun sebuah media pembelajaran pada mata kuliah Penilaian dan Evaluasi Pembelajaran PPKn. Proses pembelajaran yang selama ini masih konvensional dengan metode ceramah dan powerpoint yang dilakukan oleh dosen pengampu mata kuliah dianggap kurang efektif. Dengan adanya media pembelajaran diharapkan proses belajar mengajar bias berlangsung secara efektif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode Research and Development ( R&D ), metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, pengujian, dan dokumentasi. Media pembelajaran ini menggunakan storyboard yang digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran alur pembuatan dan penggunaan media telah dibangun dan akan dijadikan acuan bagi programmer dalam membuat aplikasi atau media. Perancangan media ini menggunakan Corel Draw X7 dan Microsoft office 2010 . Pembuatan media ini menggunakan software Macromedia Flash 8. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancang blackbox testing. Hasil dari penelitian ini diimplementasikan kedalam bentuk dekstop.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase: effect on viral replication of mutations at highly conserved residues (1994)

Sequence comparisons of the integrase (IN) proteins from different retroviruses have identified several highly conserved residues. We have introduced mutations at 16 of these sites into the integrase gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and analyzed the phenotypes of the resulting viruses. The viruses were all normal for p24 content and reverse transcriptase activity. In addition, all of the mutants could infect T-cell lines and undergo reverse transcription, as assessed by PCR analysis. Most of the mutant viruses also had normal Western blot (immunoblot) profiles, although three of the mutations resulted in reduced signals for IN relative to the wild type on the immunoblots and mutation of residue W235 completely abolished recognition of the protein by pooled sera from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive patients. Mutations that have previously been shown to abolish activity in in vitro studies produced noninfectious viruses. The substitution of W235 was notable in producing a noninfectious virus, despite previous reports of this residue being nonessential for IN activity in vitro (A.D. Leavitt, L. Shiue, and H.E. Varmus, J. Biol. Chem. 268:2113-2119, 1993). In addition, we have identified four highly conserved residues that can be mutated without any affect on viral replication in T-cell lines.
Data cache performance of supercomputer applications (1990)

Processor speed has been increasing faster than mass memory speed. One method of matching a processor's speed to memory's is high-speed caches. This paper examines the data cache performance of a set of computationally intensive programs. Our interset in measuring cache performance arises from an interest in improving the performance of program during compilation. We observed that the data caches contained the values for between 45% and 99+% of the array accesses, depending on the cache and the program. The delays from the misses accounted for up to half of the total execution time of the program. The misses were grouped in a subset of source program references which resulted in misses on every access. Aggressive compilers should be able to improve program performance by focusing on those array accesses that result in cache misses.
A Low-Power DCVSL-Like GIDL-Free Voltage Driver for Low-Cost RFID Nonvolatile Memory (2013)

<?Pub Dtl=""?> The realization of a low-cost passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag requires the ability to fabricate the system in a bulk CMOS process without any additional process steps. A recently presented single-poly C-Flash memory bitcell provides an ultralow-power option for implementation of a nonvolatile memory array for use in an RFID system, using only core masks. This cell requires the application of a 10-V potential difference between the cell's control lines for program and erase operations. Providing the required voltages, while using only standard devices results in several design challenges for the voltage drivers, such as the elimination of gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) currents. In this paper, we present a pair of voltage driver architectures that utilize novel techniques to overcome these challenges. In addition, for the first time, we present an in-depth analysis of the dynamic behavior of standard level shifters. This analysis is applied to our proposed GIDL-free level shifters to provide a sizing methodology for optimization of the area, energy-per-operation, and delay of these circuits. The drivers were designed and fabricated in a TowerJazz 0.18- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu \hbox{m}$</tex></formula> bulk CMOS technology, providing the required functionality with a low static-power figure of 47–49 pW and 0.03–0.36 pJ energy-per-operation.
Relationship Between Corneal Temperature and Finger Temperature (1999)

Corneal temperature correlates with finger temperature even after adjusting for environmental and tympanic temperatures and for the age and sex of participants. A possible cause for these findings are some parallelisms in blood-flow regulation in the finger and the eye.
Synthesis of L-Tyrosine or 3, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine from DL-Serine and Phenol or Pyrocathechol (1973)

Reaction conditions for the synthesis of L-tyrosine or L-dopa from DL-serine and phenol or pyrocatechol were studied with intact cells of Erwinia herbicola (ATCC 21434) containing high tyrosine phenol lyase activity. The optimum pH for this reaction was around 8.0, and the optimum temperature range was between 37_??_40°C for the synthesis of L-tyrosine and between 15_??_25°C for that of L-dopa. Sodium sulfite and EDTA were added to protect the synthesized L-dopa from decomposition. As high concentrations of phenol or pyrocatechol denatured the enzyme, each substrate was fed to maintain the optimum concentration during incubation. The reaction mixture (100ml) containing 4.0g of DL-serine, 1.0g of phenol or 0.7g of pyrocatechol, 0.5g of ammonium acetate and the cells, was incubated. During incubation, phenol or pyrocatechol was fed at intervals to maintain the substrate at the initial concentration. 5.35g of L-tyrosine or 5.10g of L-dopa was synthesized in 100ml of the reaction mixture.
A Discussion of Polyphenols in Beer Physical and Flavour Stability (2010)

Generally referred to as polyphenols (PPs), beer flavonoids such as the flavan-3-ols and their condensed products, the proantho-cyanidins, represent a class of readily oxidizable compounds capable of hindering or preventing the oxidation of other molecules present in beer. Flavan-3-ol and proanthocyanidin capacity to improve oxidative stability has been well established in other food systems, and thus these antioxidants have recently gained significant consideration as potential beer flavour modifiers and/or stabilizers. The duality of their presence in beer is that PPs complex with proteins in the beer matrix to form temporary and permanent hazes. Undesirable physical instability caused by PP-protein interactions can be resolved via use of adsorptive resins such as polyvinylpyrrolidine. While there is no doubt that polyphenol removal increases beer shelf stability in terms of haze formation, the impact of polyphenol removal on beer flavour remains unresolved. This review discusses the sources, content and impact of polyphenol presence and removal on beer physical and flavour stability.
Mass-Balanced <sup>1</sup>H/<sup>2</sup>H Isotope Dipeptide Tag for Simultaneous Protein Quantitation and Identification (2008)

Mass-balanced (1)H/(2)H isotope dipeptide tags (MBITs) are presented for simultaneous protein quantitation and identification. MBIT is derived from N-acetyl-Ala-Ala dipeptide and conjugated to primary amines of target peptides. (1)H/(2)H isotopes are encoded in the methyl groups of N-acetylated dipeptide: one tag deuterated on the N-acetyl group and another on the C-terminal alanine. MBIT-linked peptides comigrate in reversed-phase liquid chromatography without significant (1)H/(2)H isotope effects and provide 2-plex quantitation signals at 114 and 117 Th as well as peptide sequence information upon MS/MS analysis with MALDI TOF/TOF. MBIT shows good quantitation linearity in a concentration range of 20-250 fmol. The performance of MBIT on protein quantitation and identification is further tested with yeast heat-shock protein (Hsp82p) obtained from three different physiological states. MBIT using nanogram-scale samples produces the relative abundance ratios comparable to those obtained from optical imaging of microgram-scale samples visualized with SYPRO Ruby stain. The MBIT strategy is a simple and low-cost alternative for 2-plex quantitation of proteins and offers possibilities of tuning the 2-plex signal mass window by replacing the N-terminal alanine with other amino acid residues.
IV. Oral Trends and Oral Conflicts in a Case of Duodenal Ulcer (1934)

(1934). IV. Oral Trends and Oral Conflicts in a Case of Duodenal Ulcer. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 574-582.
A Photovoltaic Power System Using a High Step-up Converter for DC Load Applications (2013)

This paper presents a power system using a high step-up converter for dc load applications. The high step-up converter adopts a boost converter with interleaved mode and a coupled inductor to raise its powering ability and increase its step-up voltage ratio, respectively. In order to increase conversion efficiency, an active clamp circuit is introduced into the proposed one to provide soft-switching features to reduce switching losses. Moreover, switches in the converter and active clamp circuit are integrated with a synchronous switching technique to reduce circuit complexity and component counts, resulting in a lower cost and smaller volume. A perturb and observe method is adopted to extract the maximum power from photovoltaic (PV) arrays. Furthermore, a microchip associated with PWM IC is used to implement maximum power point tracking operation, voltage regulation and power management. Finally, a prototype PV power system with 400 V/6 A has been implemented for verifying the feasibility of the proposed PV power system. It is shown to be suitable for PV energy conversion applications when the duty ratios of switches in the dc/dc converter are less than 0.5.
Behavior generation of bipedal robot using central pattern generator(CPG) (1st report: CPG parameters searching method by genetic algorithm) (2004)

In biological systems, the rhythm generator mechanism called Central Pattern Generator (CPG) has been involved in rhythmic activities, such as locomotion, respiration, heart beat, etc, and various mathematical neuron models are proposed to represent its oscillation signals. In this paper, the CPG network which consists of the Matsuoka neuron model are introduced to realize the locomotion of a bipedal robot. The outputs of neurons are utilized as the target angles of corresponding joints. A parameters searching method using Genetic Algorithm, which has several steps to find out large number of parameters according to structure of CPG network, is proposed to obtain the CPG parameters and realize the CPG network efficiently.
Nonattainment Areas 2004-Present [Supporting Datasets] (2021)

The Nonattainment Area datasets are 2004-Present and are from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and part of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)/Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS') National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD). This U.S. EPA Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) - Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) web service contains the following state level layers related to nonattainment areas and designations: Ozone 8-hr (1997 standard), Ozone 8-hr (2008 standard), Lead (2008 standard), SO2 1-hr (2010 standard), PM2.5 24hr (2006 standard), PM2.5 Annual (1997 standard), PM2.5 Annual (2012 standard), and PM10 (1987 standard). Layers are drawn at all scales.