gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic multipole analysis of kagome and artificial spin-ice dipolar arrays (2009)

We analyze an array of linearly extended monodomain dipoles forming square and kagome lattices. We find that its phase diagram contains two (distinct) finite-entropy kagome ice regimes---one disordered, one algebraic---as well as a low-temperature ordered phase. In the limit of the islands almost touching, we find a staircase of corresponding entropy plateaux, which is analytically captured by a theory based on magnetic charges. For the case of a modified square ice array, we show that the charges (``monopoles'') are excitations experiencing two distinct Coulomb interactions: a magnetic ``three-dimensional'' one as well as a logarithmic ``two-dimensional'' one of entropic origin.
Performance and Delay Analysis of Hybrid ARQ With Incremental Redundancy Over Double Rayleigh Fading Channels (2014)

In this paper, we study the performance of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) with incremental redundancy over double Rayleigh channels, a common model for the fading amplitude of vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems. We investigate the performance of HARQ from an information theoretic perspective. Analytical expressions are derived for the e-outage capacity, the average number of transmissions, and the average transmission rate of HARQ with incremental redundancy assuming a maximum number of HARQ rounds. Moreover, we evaluate the delay experienced by Poisson arriving packets for HARQ with incremental redundancy. We provide analytical expressions for the expected waiting time, the packet's sojourn time in the queue, the average consumed power, and the energy efficiency. In our study, the communication rate per HARQ round is adjusted to the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) such that a target outage probability is not exceeded. This setting conforms with communication systems in which a quality of service is expected regardless of the channel conditions. Our analysis underscores the importance of HARQ in improving the spectral efficiency and reliability of communication systems. We demonstrate as well that the explored HARQ scheme achieves full diversity. Additionally, we investigate the tradeoff between energy efficiency and spectral efficiency.
Growing Importance of Machine Learning in Compliance and Regulatory Reporting (2017)

Machine Learning is unquestionably one of the most exciting technology fields in the world today. The pace of discovery is almost unimaginably fast, and it seems each day we learn of new advancements, new technologies, new applications, and new opportunities. It’s inspiring, but also overwhelming. In this paper we will take a examine the role of Machine learning in Financial sector
Fetal cells in the maternal circulation: detection of Y-sequence by gene amplification. (1992)

Detection of a Y-specific sequence in the maternal circulation has clinical importance because it would be useful in determining fetal gender in mothers with severe X-linked disorders. The method described in this paper has the advantage of requiring only small amounts of maternal blood. Numerous attempts have been made to identify XY cells in the blood of mothers bearing male fetuses; however, the results have been controversial. In this study, a member of the DYZ1 family and the XY homologous region of the amelogenin gene were used as targets for polymerase chain reaction detection of the Y chromosome. The subjects in this study were a group of 100 pregnant women at 17-20 weeks' gestation and 30 puerperal women who had given birth 2-5 days previously. All of the former underwent amniocentesis, with venous blood samples drawn before the procedure. Forty-five fetuses were confirmed as male by karyotyping amniocytes, and 30 of these were positive for the Y sequence in the DYZ1 region (sensitivity 66.7%). However, ten of the 55 cases diagnosed as female were also positive, giving a specificity of only 81.8%. Thus, the positive and negative predictive values were each 75%. In the amelogenin gene study, a positive Y signal was not detected in any of the cases examined. This study demonstrates the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction detection of Y-specific sequences in the maternal circulation. However, further investigation is necessary to increase the reliability for clinical application, because the method does produce false-positive results.
Detection and Monitoring of Supraharmonic Anomalies of an Electric Vehicle Charging Station (2019)

With the increasing number of electric vehicles (EV) connected to low voltage grids, concerns about the spread of higher frequency harmonics are growing. In order to estimate the impact and propagation of these waveform distortions, monitoring systems for a long term power quality assessment are required. A major challenge for such systems is the efficient processing of the large emerging datasets. The objective of the proposed method is to describe the Supraharmonic emission of and EV charging station by identifying irregular patterns in the high frequency harmonic spectrum and grouping detected anomalies with similar characteristics. The measurements are processed locally on the meter, only sending decisive results to the operator. The presented results show that the extent of Supraharmonic emission can still be described in detail while reducing the required data capacity of the communication infrastructure of the monitoring system.
crdbrd: Shape Fabrication by Sliding Planar Slices (2012)

Abstract We introduce an algorithm and representation for fabricating 3D shape abstractions using mutually intersecting planar cut‐outs. The planes have prefabricated slits at their intersections and are assembled by sliding them together. Often such abstractions are used as a sculptural art form or in architecture and are colloquially called ‘cardboard sculptures’. Based on an analysis of construction rules, we propose an extended binary space partitioning tree as an efficient representation of such cardboard models which allows us to quickly evaluate the feasibility of newly added planar elements. The complexity of insertion order quickly increases with the number of planar elements and manual analysis becomes intractable. We provide tools for generating cardboard sculptures with guaranteed constructibility. In combination with a simple optimization and sampling strategy for new elements, planar shape abstraction models can be designed by iteratively adding elements. As an output, we obtain a fabrication plan that can be printed or sent to a laser cutter. We demonstrate the complete process by designing and fabricating cardboard models of various well‐known 3D shapes.
17.6 Envelope modulator for multimode transmitters with AC-coupled multilevel regulators (2014)

Modern wireless communication systems, such as high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) or long term evolution (LTE), employ highly spectral-efficient modulations with inherent non-constant envelope signals having high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). These signals require the RF Power Amplifiers (PAs) to be backed off from saturation to satisfy the stringent linearity requirements. Unfortunately, linear operation leads to very low overall system efficiency. The envelope tracking (ET) technique has been identified as one possible solution to improve the global efficiency of the RF transmission chain. This technique has raised interest in the optimization of the fast supply envelope modulator (EM), the most critical component in the system. Several topologies for the EM exist such as fast buck converters, multilevel buck converters [1] and parallel hybrid structures with a class-AB amplifier AC-coupled to a buck converter [2].
Application Of Adaptive Optics To Astronomy (1989)

<i>Adaptive optical systems and their applications in astronomy have been discussed for over a decade. Meanwhile the main components like deformable mirrors, wavefront sensors etc. for these real time correction systems of atmospheric turbulence effects, are commercially available. The principles of of this technology, its predicted performance and the current programs underway to implement adaptive optics for astronomical purposes are summarized</i>.
Combining MIP images and fuzzy set principles for vessels segmentation: application to TOF MRA and CE-MRA (2007)

In this paper, we introduce an approach for selective segmentation of vascular structure which has been applied for intracranial vessels. Based on MIP and fuzzy set principles, this approach brings good results while segmentation is achieved rapidly. The added value of this approach is a minimal user interaction and the taking into account of the volume partial effect. This approach has been evaluated following different experiment: phantom tests, clinical data, and methods comparison.
A Review of Three-Dimensional Printing in Tissue Engineering (2016)

Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have led to a rapid expansion of applications from the creation of anatomical training models for complex surgical procedures to the printing of tissue engineering constructs. In addition to achieving the macroscale geometry of organs and tissues, a print layer thickness as small as 20 μm allows for reproduction of the microarchitectures of bone and other tissues. Techniques with even higher precision are currently being investigated to enable reproduction of smaller tissue features such as hepatic lobules. Current research in tissue engineering focuses on the development of compatible methods (printers) and materials (bioinks) that are capable of producing biomimetic scaffolds. In this review, an overview of current 3D printing techniques used in tissue engineering is provided with an emphasis on the printing mechanism and the resultant scaffold characteristics. Current practical challenges and technical limitations are emphasized and future trends of bioprinting are discussed.
Real user evaluation of spoken dialogue systems using Amazon Mechanical Turk (2011)

This paper describes a framework for evaluation of spoken dialogue systems.Typically, evaluation of dialogue systems is performed in a controlled test environment with carefully selected and instructed users.However, this approach is very demanding.An alternative is to recruit a large group of users who evaluate the dialogue systems in a remote setting under virtually no supervision.Crowdsourcing technology, for example Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT), provides an efficient way of recruiting subjects.This paper describes an evaluation framework for spoken dialogue systems using AMT users and compares the obtained results with a recent trial in which the systems were tested by locally recruited users.The results suggest that the use of crowdsourcing technology is feasible and it can provide reliable results.
A MEMS Actuator for Integrated Carbon Nanotube Strain Sensing (2006)

We report on the performance of a multi-purpose strain sensor for embedded carbon nanotubes (CNT). The sensor is based on a microactuator operable in various environments including in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman microscopy from the same tube. The fabrication of the MEMS was outsourced to a foundry process first and then post-processed to integrate the nanotubes and to complete the sensor synthesis. The electrothermal actuator, applying tensile loads to the integrated nanotubes, is designed to decouple thermally and electrically from the device under test. The displacement resolution was investigated under SEM. We performed electrical and mechanical characterizations of the actuator as well as reliability tests. The fabrication of the system, together with the previously developed CNT integration process, is batch-fabrication compatible.
IR database compression algorithm using optimized key mask (2008)

The rapid growth of Universal Remote Controls, Interactive Remote Controls, electronics Products and Infra-red (IR) Database business has increased the need for effective and standardized IR Database compression techniques. In order to support a large number of Remote control models in a Universal remote, one must compress the available IR database as best as possible. This paper presents a new algorithm for representing optimized key-masks for model command sets. This technique changes the normal key mask into reduced key masks depending on the correlation between the Remote Control keys. In the normal key mask a unique flag represents each remote button/key. In this new technique, all the related buttons/keys can be combined together so that a single flag can represent these set of keys and thus leading to optimized and compressed IR database.
A Millimetre Wave Phase Shifter Using A Wireless Hybrid Mode Locked Laser (2009)

40GHz hybrid mode locking is observed using planar antennas to form a wireless connection to the saturable absorber. Electronically controlled phase shift is measured which could enable remote antenna beam steering in future WLAN systems.
The genus Mansoa (Bignoniaceae): a source of organosulfur compounds (2009)

The genus Mansoa belongs to the family Bignoniaceae and it includes eleven species that occur mainly in the dry and wet forests of Brazil and from Argentina to the Southeast of Mexico. These species in the Brazilian Amazon region are known as "cipó-de-alho", that means garlic vine, in reference to the pungent garlic-like smell of the leaves when crushed. "Cipó-de-alho" has several uses in folk medicine and among them, the most cited are the treatment for cold, fever, pain and inflammation of arthritis and rheumatism. In spite of all those uses, it still has little application in phytotherapy when compared to garlic (Allium sativum). The essential oils of Mansoa spp. show the presence of allyl polysufides that contribute to the characteristic aroma and flavor. The chemical composition of the organic extracts of Mansoa has been reported and it includes alkanes, alkanols, triterpenoids, flavonoids, lapachol derivatives and organosulfur compound alliin. The uses, chemical composition, biological activities and agricultural aspects of Mansoa species and their relationship with A. sativum are presented.
Tolerability of recombinant-methionyl human neurotrophin-3 (r-metHuNT3) in healthy subjects (2000)

This phase I, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated the safety of single and multiple (daily for 7 days) subcutaneous administrations of recombinant-methionyl human neurotrophin-3 (r-metHuNT3) in healthy human volunteers at seven doses, ranging from 3 to 500 microg/kg/day. No serious or life-threatening adverse events occurred. The most frequently recorded adverse effects were mild injection-site pain, diarrhea, and elevation of liver function tests. No change in neurologic function was noted with these dosing regimens. We conclude that r-metHuNT3 is safe and well tolerated in the dosages used in this study.
Biocompatibility of a Synthetic Biopolymer for the Treatment of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (2015)

Functional and histological evaluation suggests that the synthetic biopolymer is non-inflammatory and non-toxic to the eye. It may represent a safe therapeutic agent in the future, for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Combining multiple, inexpensive GPS receivers to improve accuracy and reliability (2012)

GPS is a technology that allows for accurate tracking of various parameters, namely speed and location. These parameters are important to many applications, such as autonomous vehicles. In order to make a successful autonomous vehicle, it is necessary to be able to quantify its performance. Tracking a vehicle with GPS is an effective, well-established way to accomplish that. However, the consumer-level GPS technology available today is not accurate enough to provide useful data about a vehicle's speed and position with respect to something as restricted as a race track or a sidewalk. To attempt to solve this problem, the goal of this research is to significantly improve the accuracy of GPS, using only inexpensive GPS receivers and the supporting electronic components. Data from individual receivers will be merged, which will provide a more accurate tracking system capable of fine enough detail to provide useful data for many applications.
Determination of blood flow and endothelial shear stress in human coronary artery in vivo. (1999)

This paper describes a system that permits, for the first time, the in vivo determination of local velocity and endothelial shear stress in the major human coronary arteries. The purpose of the system is to facilitate the study of plaque growth and the relationships between local hemodynamic factors and atherogenesis and restenosis. The three-dimensional anatomy of a segment of the right coronary artery was determined immediately after directional atherectomy via a combination of intracoronary ultrasound and biplane angiography. The highly irregular geometry of the segment was then represented in curvilinear coordinates and a computational fluid dynamics technique was used to investigate the detailed, intravascular velocity profile and shear stress distribution. We found minor flow reversals, significant swirling and a large variation of local velocity and shear stress, both axially and circumferentially, within the artery, even in the absence of significant luminal obstruction. The flow phenomena exhibit characteristics consistent with the focal nature of atherogenesis and restenosis. It is concluded that the technology now exists to determine luminal geometry and local variations in flow fields and endothelial shear stress, in vivo.
Driving event recognition by hidden Markov models (2003)

We propose a solution for recognizing driving events by hidden Markov models. We believe that temporal patterns of driving events could be used to support the driver in executing a number of driving navigation tasks. In this paper we demonstrate recognition of driving events using hidden Markov models. Recognized events can further used to provide long-term predictions of driving events.
A Hermetically Encapsulated AlGaAs Laser Diode (1980)

A hermetically encapsulated AlGaAs laser diode used as an optical source in a light-wave communication system is described. The laser description includes 1) the mechanical and optical design of the encapsulation; 2) the technique used in assembly of the encapsulation; and 3) a review of the environmental tests that were used to establish the design capability of the completed device.
Strategies Based on Calixcrowns for the Detection and Removal of Cesium Ions from Alkali-Containing Solutions (2000)

Calixcrowns have proved to be excellent sequestering agents for cesium ions, even in the concurrent presence in solution of massive amounts of other alkali metal ions. This property has rendered such ligands as good candidates for the selective detection/removal of cesium ions from radioactive liquid wastes coming from nuclear processes. Strategies based on the anchoring of such macrocyclic ligands onto silica-gel supports for ion chromatography analysis and on their inclusion into polymeric membranes are summarized here. Methods to correct for contaminants present on the stationary-phase surfaces are briefly outlined. Advantages offered by the methods presented are also highlighted.
Radiofrequency thermal angioplasty maintains arterial duct patency. An experimental study. (1994)

Radiofrequency thermal balloon angioplasty leads to long-term arterial duct patency in lambs in > 80% of the treated group and is significantly more effective than balloon angioplasty alone.
Similarity of the Clearance Rates of Free α-Subunit and α-Subunit Dissociated from Intact Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Despite Differences in Sialic Acid Contents (1987)

It is well known that the MCR of proteins can be influenced by their carbohydrate structure; i.e. the presence of terminal galactose on proteins results in uptake by hepatic receptors for galactose-terminated glycoproteins. Thus, a protein with its galactose residues covered or removed exhibits a far longer half life in plasma than one with its galactose residues exposed. The free alpha-subunit of human CG (hCG) has been shown to have a different carbohydrate composition than does the alpha-subunit dissociated from the intact hormone. In our laboratory, analysis of alpha-subunits isolated from pregnancy urine indicated that the alpha-subunit dissociated from hCG (hCG alpha) contains primarily monosialylated oligosaccharides, whereas the free alpha-subunit contains more than one sialic acid per oligosaccharide. This difference in the degree of sialylation prompted us to examine the clearance rates of these two subunits. Accordingly, free alpha and hCG alpha were purified by affinity chromatography and labeled with 125I. The labeled subunits were injected iv into rats and serum samples were removed at various time intervals over a 2-h period. The amount of [125I]alpha-subunit remaining in the serum was determined by immunoprecipitation using an antiserum to hCG alpha. The disappearance curves for the two subunits were indistinguishable and could be analyzed by a biexponential model. The t 1/2 of the faster component was 5 min, while the t 1/2 of the slower component was 74 min. In order to determine whether or not terminal galactose was present on either the hCG alpha or the free alpha-subunit, the labeled molecules were subjected to lectin column chromatography using Ricin or peanut lectin linked to agarose. Both of these lectins bind galactose but have different specificities with respect to the penultimate sugar. Both subunit preparations contained only minor amounts of material which could bind or either lectin. However, after desialylation, both hCG alpha and free alpha bound extensively to Ricin, indicating the presence of penultimate galactose residues in both. We conclude that terminal galactose residues are not present on the oligosaccharides of either hCG alpha or free alpha-subunits, and that the difference observed in the sialic acid contents of the two subunits does not affect their rates of clearance.
<i>In vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>glucuronidation of midazolam in humans (2009)

A more complete picture of MDZ metabolism and the enzymes involved has been elucidated. Direct N-glucuronidation of MDZ occurs in vivo. Pharmacokinetic modelling using Simcyp illustrates an increased role for UGT1A4 under CYP3A inhibited conditions.
Preferential Interaction of ω-Conotoxins with Inactivated N-type Ca<sup>2+</sup>Channels (1997)

The selective block of N-type Ca2+ channels by omega-conotoxins has been a hallmark of these channels, critical in delineating their biological roles and molecular characteristics. Here we report that the omega-conotoxin-channel interaction depends strongly on channel gating. N-type channels (alpha1B, alpha2, and beta1) expressed in Xenopus oocytes were blocked with a variety of omega-conotoxins, including omega-CTx-GVIA, omega-CTx-MVIIA, and SNX-331, a derivative of omega-CTx-MVIIC. Changes in holding potential (HP) markedly altered the severity of toxin block and the kinetics of its onset and removal. Notably, strong hyperpolarization renders omega-conotoxin block completely reversible. These effects could be accounted for by a modulated receptor model, in which toxin dissociation from the inactivated state is approximately 60-fold slower than from the resting state. Because omega-conotoxins act exclusively outside cells, our results suggest that voltage-dependent inactivation of Ca2+ channels must be associated with an externally detectable conformational change.