gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Document-View-Presentation Pattern (1999)

When designing the architecture of an interactive system, the challenge is to keep the data model and the functional core that manipulates the data independent of the user interface. However, we usually categorize the rendering function, which translates the data into the form suitable for visual purposes, as the output part of the user interface. In other words, the rendering process of the data and the way to output the rendering result are tightly coupled. This limitation results in the need to render the data once for each user interface whenever the data changes, even in the case that multiple user interfaces share the same rendering result. In this paper, we describe the Document-View-Presentation (DVP) pattern for interactive software systems. This pattern builds on the Document-View pattern and strongly decouples the rendering function from the output of the rendering result. This separation makes it possible to render the data once and output the result in different methods repeatedly. This architecture is especially suitable to those interactive systems with computationally expensive rendering algorithms, such as graphics or image processing systems. Moreover, the DVP pattern also introduces the 3-tier concept into the design of an interactive system to have “thin” clients, i.e. user interfaces. Such a thin user interface could be distributed to another process or even another machine without a major impact on the system. This capability possibly allows an interactive system to become a Web-based application without much effort.
Characterization of Nanocarbon Copper Composites Manufactured in Metallurgical Synthesis Process (2014)

Abstract Currently, there is a worldwide search for new forms of materials with properties that are significantly improved in comparison to materials currently in use. One promising research direction lies in the synthesis of metals containing modern carbon materials ( e.g. , graphene, nanotubes). In this article, the research results of metallurgical synthesis of a mixture of copper and two different kinds of carbon (activated carbon and multiwall carbon nanotubes) are shown. Samples of copper–carbon nanocomposite were synthesized by simultaneously exposing molten copper to an electrical current while vigorously stirring and adding carbon while under an inert gas atmosphere. The article contains research results of density, hardness, electrical conductivity, structure (TEM), and carbon decomposition (SIMS method) for the obtained materials.
Bioconversion of CO{sub 2} to ethanol and other compounds (1996)

The light-driven process of CO{sub 2} fixation and its conversion into a myriad of larger organic molecules is a remarkably successful strategy employed by all plants. Likewise, there are numerous types of bacteria that are capable of extremely efficient CO{sub 2} fixation, including those that use light-driven processes, as well as several species that are capable of using the energy obtained from chemical oxidations to fuel CO{sub 2} reduction in the dark. However, nowhere in nature can an organism be found that has coupled CO{sub 2} fixation to significant ethanol production. With the realization that fully one-third of the corn starch used for biological ethanol formation is lost through the production of CO{sub 2} gas, it would be desirable to discover some way to use this CO{sub 2} for the production of value-added chemicals or other products of interest. In this paper, we discuss recent experiments to couple the metabolism of CO{sub 2} to the synthesis of ethanol using recombinant DNA technology. A chimeric bacterium was constructed so that CO{sub 2} may be metabolized to ethanol.
Sound (2012)

Forced particle motion forms wave patterns and so allows sound to carry through the air. This wave motion allows noise to diffract, propagate and curve like any other wave motion which is why sound can be heard round corners or through small gaps in a structure. Acoustic absorption occurs when sound comes into contact with an acoustically porous material. In a bedroom the carpet, curtains, bed and bedding are all acoustically absorbent and so have the effect of reducing the reverberation time (echo) within a space. The more distant a noise building is from a noise source then quieter the level of noise from the source will be within the building. This will depend upon wither the noise source is considered as a point source, such as individual items of fixed plant or as a line source, such as noise from a railway line or motorway.
Visually guided landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle (2003)

We present the design and implementation of a real-time, vision-based landing algorithm for an autonomous helicopter. The landing algorithm is integrated with algorithms for visual acquisition of the target (a helipad) and navigation to the target, from an arbitrary initial position and orientation. We use vision for precise target detection and recognition, and a combination of vision and Global Positioning System for navigation. The helicopter updates its landing target parameters based on vision and uses an onboard behavior-based controller to follow a path to the landing site. We present significant results from flight trials in the field which demonstrate that our detection, recognition, and control algorithms are accurate, robust, and repeatable.
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with Multi-Bits Local Sensing Decisions in Cognitive Radio Context (2008)

There are two important constraints for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio (CR) context. Firstly, as the CR system can only tolerate low transmitting overhead, the local sensing data must be compressed before transmitting. Secondly, many sophisticated data fusion techniques cannot be used in CR system because of the lack of the signal's prior knowledge. In this paper, we proposed a novel cooperative spectrum sensing scheme which adapts to different overhead tolerance and does not need any prior knowledge. This scheme consists of two main parts: the quantization schemes and the data fusion rule. Two different quantization schemes, according to whether or not the distribution functions of test statistic are known, are proposed. Correspondingly, the optimal data fusion rule of multi-bits decisions is derived. Furthermore, to make the optimal fusion rule more practical, an iterative scheme, which does not need any prior knowledge of the signal, is proposed to estimate the likelihood ratio of local decisions. Simulation results show that our scheme achieves better performance than the schemes with "OR" and "AND" combinations. Furthermore, it is also shown that the proposed scheme could achieve the theoretically optimal performance by only two or three bits quantization.
A 800- to 3200-MHz Wideband CPW Balun Using Multistage Wilkinson Structure (2006)

A novel ultra-wide band CPW (coplanar waveguide) balun having the structure of multistage Wilkinson power divider is proposed. It has an 180deg phase inverting structure between signal line and ground planes of CPW transmission line. The 3-stage Wilkinson power divider is transformed directly into the ultra-wide band balun without any cost of the size and performances. The measurement shows the right S-parameters as a power divider and the proper out of phase as a balun. The measured amplitude and phase unbalances at output ports are plusmn 0.5dB and plusmn 6deg, respectively over 800~3200MHz, while the maximum insertion loss is 0.8dB
Phadiatop—a novel IgE antibody screening test (1987)

The Phadiatop test, which is based on a multi-allergen allergosorbent, proved to be a test that is simple to perform in the laboratory and produces reliable results. When compared with the more conventional RAST atopy screening test for grass, mite and IgE antibodies it produced similar results, except in those rare instances of patients who were RAST-positive only for moulds where the Phadiatop test was decidedly superior. The Phadiatop test disc contains only inhalant allergens and so it could not be used for screening infants and very young children whose IgE response, if any, is probably limited to foods.
CT-Guided Needle Placement in the Central Nervous System: Results in 146 Consecutive Patients (1984)

The authors present their experiences with 185 computed tomography (CT)-guided needle placement procedures in 146 consecutive patients. There was 100% accuracy in first-pass entry into the lesion using a needle guide; 100% success in drainage of intracranial abscesses; 100% success in palliative decompression of intracranial cystic lesions including tumor cysts; and 97% accuracy in histologic diagnosis of unknown lesions. CT-guided aspiration biopsy corrected clinically incorrect diagnoses and altered patient management in 23% of all cases biopsied. Tabulation of complications revealed 0% incidence of scalp infection, bone infection, dissemination of tumor, or dissemination of infection; 13.5% incidence of clinically insignificant postprocedural bleeding; and 0.5% incidence of serious postprocedural hemorrhage leading to death (one patient only). Transient hemipareses were observed in three of 22 procedures for implantation of (192)Ir but in none of 163 procedures for aspiration biopsy alone.
Effects of 18-methoxycoronaridine on acute signs of morphine withdrawal in rats (1998)

Ibogaine, an alkaloid found in the root bark of the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga, has been claimed to interrupt opioid dependence in humans; in animals, it has been shown to inhibit morphine self-administration and to attenuate signs of morphine withdrawal. However, ibogaine has some neurotoxicity, and because of this, efficacious and safer congeners of ibogaine have been sought, 18-Methoxycoronaridine (18-MC), a novel iboga alkaloid congener, has been shown, in animals, to mimic the effects of ibogaine on morphine self-administration without producing any ibogaine-like neurotoxiticity. In the present study, 18-MC was shown to attenuate five of seven signs of morphine withdrawal in rats. The data suggest that 18-MC will ameliorate symptoms of opioid dependence in humans.
Reducing latencies of pipelined cache accesses through set prediction (2005)

With the increasing performance gap between the processor and the memory, the importance of caches is increasing for high performance processors. However, with reducing feature sizes and increasing clock speeds, cache access latencies are increasing. Designers pipeline the cache accesses to prevent the increasing latencies from affecting the cache throughput. Nevertheless, increasing latencies can degrade the performance significantly by delaying the execution of dependent instructions.In this paper, we investigate predicting the data cache set and the tag of the memory address as a means to reduce the effective cache access latency. In this technique, the predicted set is used to start the pipelined cache access in parallel to the memory address computation. We also propose a set-address adaptive predictor to improve the prediction accuracy of the data cache sets. Our studies found that using set prediction to reduce load-to-use latency can improve the overall performance of the processor by as much as 24%. In this paper, we also investigate techniques, such as predicting the data cache line where the data will be present, to limit the increase in cache energy consumption when using set prediction. In fact, with line prediction, the techniques in this paper consume about 15% less energy in the data cache than a decoupled-accessed cache with minimum energy consumption, while still maintaining the performance improvement. However, the overall energy consumption is about 35% more than a decoupled-accessed cache when the energy consumption in the predictor table is also considered.
Contribution and Citation Impact of Panjab University in Mathematics Research during 2005-14 (2015)

This paper analyzes 230 research publications of the Panjab University in mathematics during ten years (2005-14), as covered in Scopus International database. The study quantifies publication data in various aspects of performance, such as the publication growth, research impact and quality, national and international collaboration, contribution and impact of authors, major areas of research, preferred channels of research communications and characteristics of higher cited papers. The findings reveal that Panjab University total publications in mathematics has increased at an annual average growth rate of 17.15% and registered an average citation impact per paper of 2.92 and impact factor per paper of 0.89 during 2005-14. Of its total publications (230), 43.91% publications of Panjab University did not get any citations as against 56.09% getting 1 or more citations. 35.96% and 13.91% of the Panjab University publications in mathematics were involved in national and international collaboration during 2005-14. Among its performance in top 15 Indian universities, Panjab University registered 6th rank in share of national collaborative papers, 10th rank in publication output and 12th rank in average citation per paper, h-index, share of international collaborative papers and share of high cited papers during 2005-14. The major areas of research by Panjab University were algebra (with 28.7% publication share), followed by numerical analysis (20.9%), statistics & probability (19.1%), application of mathematics in different subjects (14.3%), number theory (7.39%), operations research (1.74%) and others (7.83%) during 2005-14. The top 20 authors of Panjab University in mathematics together contributed 95.65% and 96.72% share to the total publications and citations during 2005-14. Of the 87 journals contributing to Panjab University mathematics research output, the top 25 journals together accounted for 61.74% share of the Panjab University output in mathematics during 2005-14.The top 15 comparatively higher cited papers received (11 and 29 citations) and together got 275 citations, with average citation per paper of 18.33.
Some Alternatives to Bayes' Rule. (1983)

Abstract : This document focuses on two proposed alternatives to Bayes' rule for revising probability assessments in the face of new information: Richard Jeffrey's rule of conditioning and Arthur Dempster's rule of combination. Section 2 describes Jeffrey's rule. Section 3 describes upper and lower probabilities and Dempster's rule for their combination. Section 4 shows that the two rules are in fact closely connected: Jeffrey's rule is the additive version of Dempster's rule in those situations where the two rules are comparable.
Implementation of mixed precision in solving systems of linear equations on the Cell processor (2007)

Abstract This paper describes the design concepts behind implementations of mixed‐precision linear algebra routines targeted for the Cell processor. It describes in detail the implementation of code to solve linear system of equations using Gaussian elimination in single precision with iterative refinement of the solution to the full double‐precision accuracy. By utilizing this approach the algorithm achieves close to an order of magnitude higher performance on the Cell processor than the performance offered by the standard double‐precision algorithm. The code is effectively an implementation of the high‐performance LINPACK benchmark, as it meets all of the requirements concerning the problem being solved and the numerical properties of the solution. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Definitional Question-Answering Using Trainable Text Classifiers (2003)

Automatic question answering (QA) has gained increasing interest in the last few years. Question-Answering systems return an answer rather than a document. Definitional questions are questions such as Who is Alexander Hamilton? or what are fractals? Looking at logs of web search engines definitional questions occur quite frequently, suggesting it is an important type of questions. Analysis of previous work promotes the hypothesis that the use of a text classifier component improves performance of definitional-QA systems. This thesis serves as a proof of concept that using trainable text classifier improves definitional question answering. I present a naïve heuristic-based QA system, investigate two text classifiers and demonstrate how integrating the text classifiers into definitional-QA system can improve the baseline system.
Micelles of poly(ethylene oxide)‐<i>b</i>‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) as vehicles for the solubilization, stabilization, and controlled delivery of curcumin (2007)

Curcumin is recognized as a potential chemotherapeutic agent against a variety of tumors. However, the clinical application of curcumin is hindered due to its poor water solubility and fast degradation. The objective of this study was to investigate amphiphilic block copolymer micelles of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) as vehicles for the solubilization, stabilization, and controlled delivery of curcumin. Curcumin-loaded PEO-PCL micelles were prepared by a cosolvent evaporation technique. PEO-PCL micelles were able to solubilize curcumin effectively, protect the encapsulated curcumin from hydrolytical degradation in physiological matrix, and control the release of curcumin over a few days. The characteristics of resultant micelles were found to depend on the polymerization degrees of epsilon-caprolactone. Among different PEO-PCL micelles, PEO(5000)-PCL(24500) was the most efficient in solubilizing curcumin while PEO(5000)-PCL(13000) was the best carrier in reducing its release rate. PEO-PCL micelle-encapsulated curcumin retained its cytotoxicity in B16-F10, a mouse melanoma cell line, and SP-53, Mino, and JeKo-1 human mantle cell lymphoma cell lines. These results demonstrated the potential of PEO-PCL micelles as an injectable formulation for efficient solubilization, stabilization, and controlled delivery of curcumin.
Bioinformatics programming using Python (2010)

Through many examples and exercises, this book helps simplify bioinformatics programming using Python. It's an ideal guide for biologists who want to learn either basic scripting or substantial programming for various computational tasks, and for programmers who want to learn bioinformatics programming. Bioinformatics Programming Using Python can be used as a reference, for self-instruction, or as a companion book to help you through undergraduate courses in computer science, biology, and other life sciences. With the level of detail this book provides, it's also perfect for Professional Master's graduate courses in Bioinformatics.
Theoretical Analysis of Complementary Molecular Memory Devices (2000)

The electrical behavior of π-conjugated oligo(phenyleneethynylene) systems functioning as memory devices is studied using quantum chemistry methods, including density functional and Green function formalisms combined in a fully self-consistent manner. Electron charge alters a molecule impedance characteristic providing in some cases distinguishable “impedance states” that can serve to determine experimentally the state of charge of the molecule. Conducting and nonconducting states can be strategically engineered by arranging substituents in a molecule. The NH2 group localizes the highest energy occupied electronic states whereas the NO2 group localizes the lowest energy unoccupied orbitals of the oligomer systems. These effects yield two complementary molecular memories, each occupying a volume smaller than 1 nm3.
Oscillations of the Supersonic Flow Downstream of an Abrupt Increase in Duct Cross Section (1980)

T HE flow in a duct following a sudden change in section is described herein. Sonic flow through a convergent nozzle expands into a larger cross section to produce a mixed supersonic flow, and a low base pressure in the upstream corners. Under certain pressure conditions, oscillations occur in the duct and excessive externally generated noise results. These self-excited oscillations are caused by a boundarylayer/shock-wave interaction, and can exist in both circular and rectangular ducts. Many types of oscillations have been observed in different test arrangements, and a complete description of the flow may be found in the full paper.] Contents Most of the tests were carried out in a duct through which atmospheric air was induced by means of a downstream vacuum. A schematic diagram, characteristic of all the ducts tested, is shown in Fig. 1. Figure 2 shows typical interferograms for the different flow regimes obtained with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in a rectangular duct, as the downstream receiver pressure pe increased. The base pressure typically varies with the ratio of pe to input stagnation pressure pa, as shown in Fig. 3. The flow structure can either be dominated by a series of reflected oblique shock waves or, when the base pressure pw increases, a single normal shock wave (Mach disk) close to the nozzle exit. For very low values of pe/pa, the reflected oblique shock waves are repeated in the stable structure shown in Fig. 2a. With higher values of pe/pa, flow separation occurs in the presence of oblique shock waves, as is shown in Figs. 2b and 2c, where the flow separates in the region of the third and second oblique reflections, respectively. In both cases the separation points oscillate through a small distance. The oscillations represented by Figs. 2b and 2c may be called the downstream and midstream oscillations, respectively. A further oscillation type occurs with the higher pe lpa values when the main flow structure changes from an oblique to a normal shock during a cycle. Figure 2d shows an instant during the oscillations which are of large amplitude and have been called the shock-pattern oscillations.2 As the pressure ratio pe/pa increases further the flow becomes stable with a normal shock wave in the duct (e.g., Fig. 2e for a pressure ratio pe/pa of 0.314). After a pressure range of stable flow an instability occurs in which the normal
DXZ4 chromatin adopts an opposing conformation to that of the surrounding chromosome and acquires a novel inactive X-specific role involving CTCF and antisense transcripts (2008)

Macrosatellite DNA is composed of large repeat units, arranged in tandem over hundreds of kilobases. The macrosatellite repeat DXZ4, localized at Xq23-24, consists of 50-100 copies of a CpG-rich 3-kb monomer. Here I report that on the active X chromosome (Xa), DXZ4 is organized into constitutive heterochromatin characterized by a highly organized pattern of H3K9me3. DXZ4 is expressed from both strands and generates an antisense transcript that is processed into small RNAs that directly correlate with H3K9me3 nucleosomes. In contrast, on the inactive X chromosome (Xi) a proportion of DXZ4 is packaged into euchromatin characterized by H3K4me2 and H3K9Ac. The Xi copy of DXZ4 is bound by the chromatin insulator, CTCF, within a sequence that unidirectionally blocks enhancer-promoter communication. Immediately adjacent to the CTCF-binding site is a bidirectional promoter that, like the sequence flanking the CTCF-binding region, is completely devoid of CpG methylation on the Xi. As on the Xa, both strands are expressed, but longer antisense transcripts can be detected in addition to the processed small RNAs. The euchromatic organization of DXZ4 on the otherwise heterochromatic Xi, its binding of CTCF, and its function as a unidirectional insulator suggest that this macrosatellite has acquired a novel function unique to the process of X chromosome inactivation.