gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical determination of the LLG zero-damping critical switching field (1998)

Previous numerical studies based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation have considered the magnetization reversal of a uniaxial, single-domain particle due to an applied field pulse with a short rise time. When the LLG damping constant /spl alpha/<1, these studies have observed coherent switching for applied field magnitudes below the Stoner-Wohlfarth limit. The switching field computed in these studies decreases as /spl alpha//spl rarr/0, with apparent convergence to a limiting value. In this paper, analytic methods determine the value of the switching field in the zero-damping limit for an applied field pulse with zero rise time. The locus of normalized switching fields in parametric form is h/sub y/=-sin/spl theta/(cos/spl theta/-1)/2; h/sub z/=-cos/spl theta/(cos/spl theta/+1)/2; |/spl theta/|/spl les/2/spl pi//3. A non-parametric form is also derived. One surprising implication is that magnetization reversal may be caused by an applied field with easy axis component in the same direction as the initial magnetization (h/sub z/>0).
Adsorption Isotherms of CO and VOCs on Hydrocarbon Adsorbers of Honeycomb Shape (2003)

Three hydrocarbon adsorbers of honeycomb shape were prepared using a slurry coating method according to the cell density and geometric surface area of a ceramic substrate. Adsorption isotherms of CO and two VOCs (2,2,4-trimethylpentane and toluene) on three adsorbers were measured using a volumetric adsorption apparatus. The isotherms of CO were measured at 303.15 K, and equilibrium experiments for two VOCs were carried out at 303.15 K, 323.15 K, and 343.15 K. The amount of CO adsorbed and metal dispersion was increased with the increase of geometric surface area. The amount of toluene adsorbed was higher than that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane for all samples. The increase of geometric surface area led to an increase in the amount adsorbed. The equilibrium data of two VOCs were correlated by the Langmuir and the Langmuir−Freundlich isotherms. The latter isotherm predicted equilibrium data better than the former isotherm.
Fatty Acid Composition of Developing Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Berry and the Transcriptome of the Mature Seed (2012)

This study provides the first comprehensive genomic resources represented by expressed sequences for sea buckthorn, and demonstrates that the seed oil of Canadian-grown sea buckthorn cultivars contains high levels of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in a close to 1:1 ratio, which is beneficial for human health. These data provide the foundation for further studies on sea buckthorn oil, the enzymes involved in its biosynthesis, and the genes involved in the general hardiness of sea buckthorn against environmental conditions.
Elastic-Plastic Analysis of Cracks on Bimaterial Interfaces: Part I—Small Scale Yielding (1988)

Full-field numerical solutions for a crack which lies along the interface of an elastic-plastic medium and a rigid substrate are presented. The solutions are obtained using a small strain version of the J2-deformation theory with power-law strain hardening. In the present article, results for loading causing only small scale yielding at the crack tip are described; in subsequent articles the mathematical structure of the crack-tip fields under small scale yielding and results for contained yielding and fully plastic behavior will be presented. We find that although the near-tip fields do not appear to have a separable singular form, of the HRR-type fields as in homogeneous media, they do, however, bear interesting similarities to certain mixed-mode HRR fields. Under small scale yielding, where the remote elastic fields are specified by a complex stress-concentration vector Q = |Q|eiφ with φ being the phase angle between the two in-plane stress modes, we find that the plastic fields are members of a family parameterized by a new phase angle ξ, ≡ φ + εln(QQ/σ02L), and the fields nearly scale with the well-defined energy release rate as evaluated by the J-integral. Here σ0 is the reference yield stress and L is the total crack length (or a relevant length of the crack geometry). Numerical procedures appropriate for solving a general class of interface crack problems are also presented. A description of a numerical method for extracting the mixed mode stress intensities for cracks at interfaces and in homogeneous isotropic or anisotropic media, is included.
Fast encoding algorithms for geometry-adaptive block partitioning (2011)

State-of-the-art video compression technologies, such as MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 or the new HEVC standard being developed by ISO MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, make use of tree-structured block partitioning for motion compensation. Such motion partitioning only captures horizontal and vertical motion boundaries. To better match actual motion frontiers, Geometry adaptive block partitioning (GEO) has been explored for several years. GEO enables splitting a block using non-horizontal or non-vertical line. Although noticeable coding efficiency gains can be obtained, GEO involves a significant increase of the number of modes to be tested with therefore a high impact on encoding complexity. This paper presents fast algorithms aiming at controlling the complexity while saving the coding efficiency gains of GEO. Experimental results are provided on top of the HEVC standard, demonstrating first the efficiency of the GEO tool. Simplified versions, offering noticeable complexity reduction with limited rate-distortion performance loss, are also demonstrated and compared.
Repairing triangle meshes built from scanned point cloud (2007)

The Reverse Engineering process consists of a succession of operations that aim at creating a digital representation of a physical model. The reconstructed geometric model is often a triangle mesh built from a point cloud acquired with a scanner. Depending on both the object complexity and the scanning process, some areas of the object outer surface may never be accessible, thus inducing some deficiencies in the point cloud and, as a consequence, some holes in the resulting mesh. This is simply not acceptable in an integrated design process where the geometric models are often shared between the various applications (e.g. design, simulation, manufacturing). In this paper, we propose a complete toolbox to fill in these undesirable holes. The hole contour is first cleaned to remove badly-shaped triangles that are due to the scanner noise. A topological grid is then inserted and deformed to satisfy blending conditions with the surrounding mesh. In our approach, the shape of the inserted mesh results from the minimization of a quadratic function based on a linear mechanical model that is used to approximate the curvature variation between the inner and surrounding meshes. Additional geometric constraints can also be specified to further shape the inserted mesh. The proposed approach is illustrated with some examples coming from our prototype software.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method on Core Shell Column for Determination of Degradation and Process Related Impurities of Apixaban—An Anticoagulant Drug (2015)

A rapid, specific, sensitive, and precise reverse-phase HPLC method for the quantitative determination of process related and degradation impurities of Apixaban, an anticoagulant drug is described. The developed RP-HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of both Apixaban drug substance and drug product. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Sigma-Aldrich’s Ascentis Express® C18 (4.6 mm × 100 mm, 2.7 μ) HPLC column with a runtime of 40 min. Mobile phase-A and mobile phase-B were phosphate buffer and acetonitrile respectively. The column oven temperature was set at 35°C and photodiode array detector was set at 225 nm. Nine process related impurities (Imp-1 to Imp-9) have been detected in test sample of Apixaban by using newly developed RP-HPLC method. Forced degradation study was carried out under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic and thermal conditions to demonstrate the stability-indicating nature of the developed RP-HPLC method. The developed method was validated as per ICH guideline and found to be specific, precise, sensitive and robust.
Exciting OAM modes in annular-core fibers via perfect OAM beams (2014)

We generate perfect orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams with controllable ring width and ring diameter using a phase-only spatial light modulator. Perfect OAM beams facilitate coupling into annular and air-core fibers for spatial multiplexing of OAM modes.
A major effect QTL determined by multiple genes in epileptic EL mice. (2000)

The EL mouse strain provides a polygenic model for epilepsy. Previous mapping experiments between EL and nonepileptic ABP mice identified, and a congenic strain confirmed, a quantitative trait locus (QTL), El2, which lowered the threshold to seizures induced by gentle rhythmic tossing. To narrow the map interval further we used a nested strategy to analyze a series of recombinants derived from the congenic strain. The recombinant strains revealed a complex pattern of inheritance, with at least two independent regions of Chromosome 2 necessary for rhythmic tossing seizures and additional regions associated with unusual gender effects. Similar results obtained using a completely independent paradigm, pentylenetetrazole-induced tonic-clonic seizures, exclude the possibility that the genetic complexity was a unique property of the testing assay. Thus, although conventional QTL mapping efforts detected and appeared to confirm a trait locus with effects large enough for fine-structure mapping, subsequent dissection revealed multiple loci. Although at least one of these loci was mapped to a 1-cM interval, its individual effect is small, perhaps approaching the practical limits for further study. Our results in the EL mouse may be prophetic for similar assaults on other polygenic, composite neurological behaviors which vary among inbred strains, begging the consideration of alternative strategies toward gene identification in these models.
Learning-Based Single-Document Summarization with Compression and Anaphoricity Constraints (2016)

We present a discriminative model for single-document summarization that integrally combines compression and anaphoricity constraints. Our model selects textual units to include in the summary based on a rich set of sparse features whose weights are learned on a large corpus. We allow for the deletion of content within a sentence when that deletion is licensed by compression rules; in our framework, these are implemented as dependencies between subsentential units of text. Anaphoricity constraints then improve cross-sentence coherence by guaranteeing that, for each pronoun included in the summary, the pronoun's antecedent is included as well or the pronoun is rewritten as a full mention. When trained end-to-end, our final system outperforms prior work on both ROUGE as well as on human judgments of linguistic quality.
The role of calcium in the regulation of invasion and angiogenesis. (1997)

The complex process of invasion and metastasis is now being dissected at the level of cell-cell and cell-substratum signaling. New tools are being developed to facilitate these studies. These tools include mechanisms for the investigation of cellular actions, such as the identification of agents that can be used to examine the signaling pathways involved in adhesion, proteolysis, motility, and angiogenesis. We have demonstrated that CAI, carboxyamido-triazole, selectively inhibits calcium uptake, stimulated or basal, and thereby modulates the elements involved in invasion and angiogenesis. Through modulation of cellular calcium balance, CAI secondarily inhibits calcium-dependent signaling pathways, such as release of second messengers, protein phosphorylation and gene transcription. We have demonstrated that CAI treatment resulted in inhibition of endothelial cell adhesion, migration, expression of proteolytic enzymes, and vessel formation in vitro and in vivo. The process of endothelial cell adhesion and spreading on extracellular matrix substrata results in an increase in intracellular calcium that can be inhibited by CAI exposure. Furthermore, endothelial cell adhesion and spreading on type IV collagen stimulates the secondary signaling events of tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) and autophosphorylation of pp125FAK. CAI treatment of the endothelial cells inhibited cell spreading, and both the induction of pp125FAK phosphorylation and the phosphorylation of exogenous substrates by pp125FAK kinase. These data indicate that regulation of cellular events key in the process of angiogenesis may be modulated by intracellular calcium balance thereby creating a new therapeutic target for anticancer research. CAI is in phase I clinical trial for patients with advanced cancers, yielding plasma concentrations in the in vitro anti-angiogenic range.
Editor's Note (1995)

Our guest editor for this issue is Thomas C. Owen, professor of history at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. One of the country's foremost authorities on Russian economic history, Professor Owen is the author of Capitalism and Politics in Russia: A Social History of the Moscow Merchants, 1855-1905 (Cambridge University Press, 1981), The Corporation under Russian Law, 1800-1917: A Study in Tsarist Economic Policy (Cambridge University Press, 1991), and "RUSCORP: A Database of Corporations in the Russian Empire, 1700-1914" (Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1992). His book Russian Corporate Capitalism from Peter the Great to Perestroika (Oxford University Press) is forthcoming this year. He is currently studying capitalist institutions during the era of the Great Reforms.
Importance of electrostatic polarizability in calculating cysteine acidity constants and copper(I) binding energy of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CopZ (2012)

CopZ is a copper chaperone from Bacillus subtilis. It is an important part of Cu(I) trafficking. We have calculated pK(a) values for the CXXC motif of this protein, which is responsible for the Cu(I) binding, and the Cu(I) binding constants. Polarizable and fixed-charges formalisms were used, and solvation parameters for the both models have been refitted. We had to partially redevelop parameters for the protonated and deprotonated cysteine residues. We have discovered that the polarizable force field (PFF) is qualitatively superior and allows a uniformly better level of energetic results. The PFF pK(a) values for cysteine are within about 0.8-2.8 pH units of the experimental data, while the fixed-charges OPLS formalism yields errors of up to tens of units. The PFF magnitude of the copper binding energy is about 10 kcal/mol or 50% higher than the experimental value, while the using the refitted OPLS parameters leads to an overall positive binding energy, thus predicting no thermodynamically stable complex. At the same time, the agreement of the polarizable S···Cu(I) distances with the experimental results is within 0.08 Å range, and the nonpolarizable calculations lead to an error of about 0.4 Å. Moreover, the accuracy of the PFF has been achieved without any explicit fitting to either pK(a) or CopZ···Cu(I) binding energies. We believe that this makes our polarizable technique a choice method in reproducing protein-copper binding and further supports the notion that explicit treatment of electrostatic polarization is crucial in many biologically relevant studies, especially ion binding and transport.
Noncoherent detection of coherent lightwave signals corrupted by phase noise (1988)

Waves are treated that modulate by either on-off keying (OOK) or binary frequency-shift keying (FSK) and are further impaired by additive Gaussian noise. Heterodyne detection of such a waveform produces an electronic bandpass signal, which, to ease demodulation in the presence of phase noise, is noncoherently demodulated to extract the baseband pulse stream. The treatment goes beyond previous bit error rate (BER) analyses of optical heterodyne receivers for OOK and FSK. First, there is full adherence to the standard (Brownian motion) model of phase noise. Also, the receiver structure is formulated in such a way that the probability density function of the receiver output samples can be accurately determined. This permits calculations of the additive noise and phase noise tolerable when achieving bit error rates as small as 10/sup -9/. Finally, the study is comprehensive regarding the range of parameters explored. Filtering at an intermediate frequency (IF) alone, as well as IF filtering plus postdetection low-pass filtering, is considered. When the receiver parameters decision threshold (for OOK) and IF filter bandwidth are optimized, large amounts of phase noise can be accommodated with only minor increases in required signal-to-noise ratio. This is especially important when the bit rate is moderate compared to the laser linewidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Activation of receptor-associated tyrosine kinase JAK2 by prolactin. (1994)

JAK family tyrosine kinases have recently been implicated in intracellular signal transduction by transmembrane cytokine receptors of the interferon (IFN) and hematopoietin receptor families. Using the prolactin (PRL)-dependent rat pre-T cell line Nb2, a PRL receptor-associated, candidate tyrosine kinase of 120-130 kDa was recently characterized (1). In the present work this protein is identified as JAK2, based upon reciprocal anti-JAK2 and anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. JAK2 underwent rapid and transient tyrosine phosphorylation in response to receptor activation, reaching peak levels within 5 min of exposure to 100 nM PRL at 37 degrees C. In vitro tyrosine kinase assays using either [gamma-32P]ATP and autoradiography or unlabeled ATP combined with anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting, demonstrated that the activity of JAK2 was stimulated by PRL. Phosphoamino acid analysis of JAK2 after in vitro tyrosine kinase assay revealed that the majority of phosphate was incorporated into tyrosine residues. Furthermore, JAK2 was associated with PRL receptors to a comparable extent before and after PRL binding, as demonstrated by anti-receptor immunoprecipitation and subsequent anti-JAK2 immunoblotting. We propose that binding of ligand to the PRL receptor activates preassociated JAK2, and that this enzyme generates the initial signal in the intracellular communication cascade.
Waves, rings, and trails: The scenic landscape of axonal actin (2016)

The goal of this article is to provide the reader a snapshot of recent studies on axonal actin--largely emerging from superresolution and live-imaging experiments--and place this new information in context with earlier studies.
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scheduling for Embedded Processors Considering Power/Performance Tradeoffs (2010)

An adaptive method to perform dynamic voltage and frequency scheduling (DVFS) for minimizing the energy consumption of microprocessor chips is presented. Instead of using a fixed update interval, the proposed DVFS system makes use of adaptive update intervals for optimal frequency and voltage scheduling. The optimization enables the system to rapidly track the workload changes so as to meet soft real-time deadlines. The technique, which can be realized with very simple hardware, is completely transparent to the application. The results of applying the method to some real application workloads demonstrate considerable power savings and fewer frequency updates compared to DVFS systems based on fixed update intervals.
Genetic and Epigenetic <i>SLC18A2</i> Silencing in Prostate Cancer Is an Independent Adverse Predictor of Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy (2009)

SLC18A2 silencing by DNA hypermethylation and/or allelic loss is a frequent event in prostate cancer and a novel independent predictor of biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy.
Blood Oxygen Transport and Delivery in Reptiles (1980)

Cenozoic reptiles are characterized by physiological morphological and ecological systems with low energy requirements compared to those of mammals. Ectothermy and low resting rates of metabolism are the primary physiological adaptations of reptiles that produce low energy demand. Adjustments of the oxygen-transport system to different thermoregulatory characteristics among reptiles may be reflected in blood viscosity oxygen capacity oxygen affinity and the temperature sensitivity of oxygenation. Other adaptations reduce the energy cost of oxygen transport. Reptiles have low hematocrits and large, widely spaced capillaries that contribute to a low fluid resistance in the vascular system but also limit the oxygen transport capacity. The low oxygen affinity characteristic of the blood of most reptiles appears to facilitate diffusion of oxygen to the tissues, overcoming the intrinsic limitations imposed by the morphological specializations of the cardiovascular system. The low blood oxygen affinity permits virtually all of the oxygen carried by the blood to be delivered to the tissues during periods of stress. It may also help to maintain a relatively high arterial Po<inf>2</inf> even when a right-to-left shunt occurs in the heart. Reptilian erythrocytes are capable of reducing methemoglobin rapidly. The high concentrations of methemoglobin and polymerized hemoglobin that occur <it>in vivo</it> may indicate that these compounds have a functional role. In their blood physiology as in other aspects of their biology reptiles are specialized animals that reflect selective forces quite different from those that have shaped the evolution of mammals.
Mammalian cell lines can be efficiently established <i>in vitro</i> upon expression of the SV40 large T antigen driven by a promoter sequence derived from the human vimentin gene (1991)

The aim of this study was to investigate a new method to enhance the efficiency to create mammalian cell lines. Cell immortalization was achieved by intranuclear microinjection of a recombinant DNA construct composed of a constitutive promoter controlling the genes encoding immortalizing proteins; the sequences coding for the large T and small t antigens were fused downstream of regulatory elements from the vimentin gene, the activation of which characterizes the vast majority of cells growing in vitro. Data show that the efficiency of the immortalizing procedures using the SV40 early genes could be enhanced by the control elements derived from the human vimentin (HuVim) 5' sequences that contained nucleotides -878 to +93 from the CAP site. This HuVim 830-T/t recombinant was used to create cell lines from numerous primary cultures of different origins: rabbit, porcine and human endothelial cells, rabbit and bovine epithelial cells. A set of large T-expressing cells was derived, and these cells retained characteristics of differential cells: binding of Ulex europaeus lectin and synthesis of Factor VIII for human endothelial cells; network of cytokeratin for bovine oviductal cells and rabbit mammary cells.