gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastomeric Polycarbonate Block Copolymers (1965)

Abstract Polycarbonate block copolymers were prepared by phosgenating pyridine solutions of polyether glycol-bisphenol-A mixtures. Copolycarbonates derived from poly(oxyethylene) glycols (Carbowaxes) were studied in detail for property-structure effects as a function of glycol molecular weight (1000–20,000) and copolymer composition (5–70 weight per cent or 0.3–10.0 mole per cent of a 4000 molecular weight glycol). Remarkable strength (>7000 psi) and snappy elasticity (>90 per cent immediate recovery) were observed at poly(oxyethylene) block concentrations greater than 3 mole per cent. These thermoplastic elastomers also exhibited high softening temperatures (>180° C) and tensile elongations up to about 700 per cent. Both T g and softening temperature varied linearly with comonomer mole ratio over the composition range studied, with T g displaying much greater polyether concentration sensitivity. It is suggested that the observed property effects result to a large extent from the variation in poly(bisphenol-A carbonate) block length that accompanies the changing of copolymer composition. An initial increase in flexural modulus (stiffness) was observed at low polyether concentrations (0–1 mole per cent). This phenomenon is considered to be related to similar modulus effects found in plasticized rigid thermoplastics at low plasticizer concentrations. A moderate degree of molecular order, due to bisphenol carbonate segments rather than the normally crystalline polyether, was detected by x-ray analysis. Elastomeric carbonate-carboxylate tetrapolymers were also prepared by partial replacement of carbonate with isophthalate, terephthalate or adipate linkages in polyether-bisphenol systems. The dramatic softening temperature depression observed in this class of polymers is attributed to the disruption of long bisphenol carbonate block sequences that exist in the simpler polyether glycol-bisphenol carbonate copolymers.
Fracture Initiation of an Inhomogeneous Shale Rock under a Pressurized Supercritical CO2 Jet (2017)

Due to the advantages of good fracture performance and the application of carbon capture and storage (CCS), supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is considered a promising alternative for hydraulic fracturing. However, the fracture initiation mechanism and its propagation under pressurized SC-CO2 jet are still unknown. To address these problems, a fluid–structure interaction (FSI)-based numerical simulation model along with a user-defined code was used to investigate the fracture initiation in an inhomogeneous shale rock. The mechanism of fracturing under the effect of SC-CO2 jet was explored, and the effects of various influencing factors were analyzed and discussed. The results indicated that higher velocity jets of SC-CO2 not only caused hydraulic-fracturing ring, but also resulted in the increase of stress in the shale rock. It was found that, with the increase of perforation pressure, more cracks initiated at the tip. In contrast, the length of cracks at the root decreased. The length-to-diameter ratio and the aperture ratio distinctly affected the pressurization of SC-CO2 jet, and contributed to the non-linear distribution and various maximum values of the stress in shale rock. The results proved that Weibull probability distribution was appropriate for analysis of the fracture initiation. The studied parameters explain the distribution of weak elements, and they affect the stress field in shale rock.
Towards a BPEL unit testing framework (2006)

The Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) is emerging as the new standard in Web service composition. As more and more workflows are modelled using BPEL, unit-testing these compositions becomes increasingly important. However, little research has been done in this area and no frameworks comparable to the xUnit family are available. In this paper, we propose a layer-based approach to creating frameworks for repeatable, white-box BPEL unit testing, which we use for the development of a new testing framework. This framework uses a specialized BPEL-level testing language to describe interactions with a BPEL process to be carried out in a test case. The framework supports automated test execution and offers test management capabilities in a standardized and open way via well-defined interfaces -- even to third-party applications.
Speech enhancement with a new generalized eigenvector blocking matrix for application in a generalized sidelobe canceller (2008)

The generalized sidelobe canceller by Griffith and Jim is a robust beamforming method to enhance a desired (speech) signal in the presence of stationary noise. Its performance depends to a high degree on the construction of the blocking matrix which produces noise reference signals for the subsequent adaptive interference canceller. Especially in reverberated environments the beamformer may suffer from signal leakage and reduced noise suppression. In this paper a new blocking matrix is proposed. It is based on a generalized eigenvalue problem whose solution provides an indirect estimation of the transfer functions from the source to the sensors. The quality of the new generalized eigenvector blocking matrix is studied in simulated rooms with different reverberation times and is compared to alternatives proposed in the literature.
Sensory Processing Patterns in Persons With Angelman Syndrome (2006)

This study provides the first systematic description of sensory processing abnormalities in a large sample of persons with Angelman syndrome. Considerations for enhancing occupational performance and social participation in this population through occupational therapy interventions are discussed.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Lubricants (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A novel thermogravimetric analysis test method has been developed for the evaluation of lubricants. It involves superimposing the thermogravimetric trace of the sample in argon over the trace produced in oxygen atmosphere. The difference of the two traces indicates the oxidative influence on volatility as well as on the formation tendencies of high boiling (high molecular weight) oxidation products. The method was illustrated with a base oil with and without a catalyst package and an additive package. The test method is potentially useful for lubricant screening, quality control, and base oil composition effects on thermal oxidative stability.</div>
A duplicated gene in the breakpoint regions of the 7q11.23 Williams- Beuren syndrome deletion encodes the initiator binding protein TFII-I and BAP-135, a phosphorylation target of BTK (1998)

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with multisystemic manifestations caused by heterozygosity for a partial deletion of chromosome band 7q11.23. The breakpoints cluster within regions located approximately 1 cM either side of the elastin (ELN) locus. We have characterized a duplicated region near the common deletion breakpoints, which includes a transcribed gene. The centromeric (C) and telomeric (T) copies are almost identical in the duplicated 3[prime] portions but diverge at their 5[prime]-ends. C-specific 4.3 kb mRNA and T-specific 5.4 kb mRNA are widely expressed in embryonic and adult tissues. The telomeric gene gives rise to several alternatively spliced forms and is deleted in all WBS individuals who have documented ELN deletions. Database searches revealed that this gene encodes BAP-135, a protein phosphorylated by Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cells, as well as the multifunctional transcription factor TFII-I, hence the gene name GTF2I. The centromeric gene is not deleted in WBS and appears to be a partially truncated expressed pseudogene with no protein product (gene name GTF2IP1). Both loci map to different genomic clone contigs that also contain other deleted and non-deleted loci. A probe from the shared region recognizes a >3 Mb Not I junction fragment that is unique to individuals with the WBS deletion. Therefore, the duplicated region containing GTF2I and GTF2IP1 respectively is located close to the deletion breakpoints and may predispose to unequal meiotic recombination between chromosome 7 homologs and/or to intrachromosomal rearrangements. Hemizygosity for GTF2I may also contribute to the WBS phenotype.
Natural therapies for ocular disorders, part two: cataracts and glaucoma. (2001)

Pathophysiological mechanisms of cataract formation include deficient glutathione levels contributing to a faulty antioxidant defense system within the lens of the eye. Nutrients to increase glutathione levels and activity include lipoic acid, vitamins E and C, and selenium. Cataract patients also tend to be deficient in vitamin A and the carotenes, lutein and zeaxanthin. The B vitamin riboflavin appears to play an essential role as a precursor to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), a co-factor for glutathione reductase activity. Other nutrients and botanicals, which may benefit cataract patients or help prevent cataracts, include pantethine, folic acid, melatonin, and bilberry. Diabetic cataracts are caused by an elevation of polyols within the lens of the eye catalyzed by the enzyme aldose reductase. Flavonoids, particularly quercetin and its derivatives, are potent inhibitors of aldose reductase. Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in some but not all cases. Some patients with glaucoma have normal IOP but poor circulation, resulting in damage to the optic nerve. Faulty glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis or breakdown in the trabecular meshwork associated with aqueous outflow has also been implicated. Similar to patients with cataracts, those with glaucoma typically have compromised antioxidant defense systems as well. Nutrients that can impact GAGs such as vitamin C and glucosamine sulfate may hold promise for glaucoma treatment. Vitamin C in high doses has been found to lower IOP via its osmotic effect. Other nutrients holding some potential benefit for glaucoma include lipoic acid, vitamin B12, magnesium, and melatonin. Botanicals may offer some therapeutic potential. Ginkgo biloba increases circulation to the optic nerve; forskolin (an extract from Coleus forskohlii) has been used successfully as a topical agent to lower IOP; and intramuscular injections of Salvia miltiorrhiza have shown benefit in improving visual acuity and peripheral vision in people with glaucoma.
Gold nanoparticles: preparation, functionalisation and applications in biochemistry and immunochemistry (2007)

The review summarises data on the synthesis and functionalisation of gold nanoparticles and their applications in biological investigations. Particular attention is given to applications of colloidal gold in solid-phase assays, immunoassay and studies of biologically active compounds by vibrational spectroscopy. A special section deals with the use of gold nanoparticles as antigen carriers in immunisation.
Shape Matching Based on Invariants (1998)

INTRODUCTION Shape matching in computer vision aims to establish correspondences between primitive shape features in the input data such as an image and in model objects. Schemes proposed to date fall into three categories (a) those based on invariant properties, (b) those based on object decomposition into parts and (c) those based on computation of transformation between the shapes in the scene and in a model-base. Two major problems have to be addressed regardless of which scheme is used: how a shape is represented and how matching is carried out. This chapter addresses two issues in shape analysis: (i) invariant-based shape representation and (ii) optimal shape matching. Shape representation is the basis on which shapes can be compared. Shape invariants, that do not change in values under a class of transformations, are the most effective and efficient for matching. This is because they make it possible to compare shapes directly before transformation parameters are found.
A refined decompiler to generate C code with high readability (2012)

SUMMARY As a key part of reverse engineering, decompilation plays a very important role in software security and maintenance. A number of tools, such as Boomerang and IDA Hex_rays, have been developed to translate executable programs into source code in a relatively high‐level language. Unfortunately, most existing decompilation tools suffer from low accuracy in identifying variables, functions, and composite structures, resulting in poor readability. To address these limitations, we present a practical decompiler called C‐Decompiler for Windows C programs that (i) uses a shadow stack to perform refined data flow analysis, (ii) adopts inter‐basic‐block register propagation to reduce redundant variables, and (iii) recognizes library (i.e., Standard Template Library) functions by signatures. We evaluate and compare the decompilation quality of C‐Decompiler with two existing tools, Boomerang and IDA Hex_rays, considering four aspects: function analysis, variable expansion rate, total percentage reduction, and cyclomatic complexity. Our experimental results show that on average, C‐Decompiler has the highest total percentage reduction of 55.91%, lowest variable expansion rate of 55.79%, and the same cyclomatic complexity as the original source code for each considered application. Furthermore, in our experiments, C‐Decompiler is able to recognize functions with a lower false positive and false negative rate than the other decompilers. A case study and our evaluation results confirm that C‐Decompiler is a practical tool to produce highly readable C‐style code. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mascar: Speeding up GPU warps by reducing memory pitstops (2015)

With the prevalence of GPUs as throughput engines for data parallel workloads, the landscape of GPU computing is changing significantly. Non-graphics workloads with high memory intensity and irregular access patterns are frequently targeted for acceleration on GPUs. While GPUs provide large numbers of compute resources, the resources needed for memory intensive workloads are more scarce. Therefore, managing access to these limited memory resources is a challenge for GPUs. We propose a novel Memory Aware Scheduling and Cache Access Re-execution (Mascar) system on GPUs tailored for better performance for memory intensive workloads. This scheme detects memory saturation and prioritizes memory requests among warps to enable better overlapping of compute and memory accesses. Furthermore, it enables limited re-execution of memory instructions to eliminate structural hazards in the memory subsystem and take advantage of cache locality in cases where requests cannot be sent to the memory due to memory saturation. Our results show that Mascar provides a 34% speedup over the baseline round-robin scheduler and 10% speedup over the state of the art warp schedulers for memory intensive workloads. Mascar also achieves an average of 12% savings in energy for such workloads.
Negative Beta Encoder (2008)

A new class of analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters using a flaky quantiser, called the $β$-encoder, has been shown to have exponential bit rate accuracy while possessing a self-correction property for fluctuations of the amplifier factor $β$ and the quantiser threshold $ν$. The probabilistic behavior of such a flaky quantiser is explained as the deterministic dynamics of the multi-valued Rényi map. That is, a sample $x$ is always confined to a contracted subinterval while successive approximations of $x$ are performed using $β$-expansion even if $ν$ may vary at each iteration. This viewpoint enables us to get the decoded sample, which is equal to the midpoint of the subinterval, and its associated characteristic equation for recovering $β$ which improves the quantisation error by more than $3{dB}$ when $β>1.5$. The invariant subinterval under the Rényi map shows that $ν$ should be set to around the midpoint of its associated greedy and lazy values. %in terms of its quantisation MSE (mean square error). Furthermore, a new A/D converter is introduced called the negative $β$-encoder, which further improves the quantisation error of the $β$-encoder. A two-state Markov chain describing the $β$-encoder suggests that a negative eigenvalue of its associated transition probability matrix reduces the quantisation error.
Regulation of Rac1 by Simvastatin in Endothelial Cells (2009)

These studies explore the connections between simvastatin, Rac1, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in cultured vascular endothelial cells and in arterial preparations isolated from statin-treated mice. In addition to their prominent effects on lipoprotein metabolism, statins can regulate the small GTPase Rac1, and may also affect the phosphorylation of the ubiquitous AMPK. We explored pathways of statin-modulated Rac1 and AMPK activation both in arterial preparations from statin-treated mice as well as in cultured endothelial cells. We treated adult mice with simvastatin daily for 2 weeks and then harvested and analyzed arterial preparations. Simvastatin treatment of mice led to a significant increase in AMPK and LKB1 phosphorylation and to a decrease in protein kinase A activity relative to control animals, associated with a marked increase in Rac1 activation. Exposure of bovine aortic endothelial cells to simvastatin for 24 h strikingly increased GTP-bound Rac1 and led to increased phosphorylation of AMPK as well as the AMPK kinase LKB1. These responses to simvastatin were blocked by mevalonate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not by farnesyl pyrophosphate. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of AMPK abrogated simvastatin-induced Rac1 activation and LKB1 phosphorylation. Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of the key AMPK kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta, completely blocked simvastatin-induced endothelial cell migration and also abrogated statin-promoted phosphorylation of AMPK and LKB1, as did pharmacological inhibition with the specific calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase beta inhibitor STO-609. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rac1 completely blocked simvastatin-induced LKB1 phosphorylation, but without affecting simvastatin-induced AMPK phosphorylation. These findings establish a key role for simvastatin in activation of a novel Rac1-dependent signaling pathway in the vascular wall.
A Rat Kidney-specific Calcium Transporter in the Distal Nephron (2000)

Active absorption of calcium from the intestine and reabsorption of calcium from the kidney are major determinants of whole body calcium homeostasis. Two recently cloned proteins, CaT1 and ECaC, have been postulated to mediate apical calcium uptake by rat intestine and rabbit kidney, respectively. By screening a rat kidney cortex library with a CaT1 probe, we isolated a cDNA encoding a protein (CaT2) with 84.2 and 73.4% amino acid identities to ECaC and CaT1, respectively. Unlike ECaC, CaT2 is kidney-specific in the rat and was not detected in intestine, brain, adrenal gland, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, lung, spleen, thymus, and testis by Northern analysis or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression pattern of CaT2 in kidney was similar to that of calbindin D(28K) and the sodium calcium exchanger 1, NCX1, by in situ hybridization of adjacent sections. Furthermore, the mRNAs for CaT2 and calbindin D(28K) were colocalized in the same cells. CaT2 mediated saturable calcium uptake with a Michaelis constant (K(m)) of 0.66 mm when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Under voltage clamp condition, CaT2 promoted inward currents in X. laevis oocytes upon external application of Ca(2+). Sr(2+) and Ba(2+) but not Mg(2+) also evoked inward currents in CaT2-expressing oocytes. Similar to the alkaline earth metal ions, application of Cd(2+) elicited inward current in CaT2-expressing oocytes with a K(m) of 1.3 mm. Cd(2+), however, also potently inhibited CaT2-mediated Ca(2+) uptake with an IC(50) of 5.4 micrometer. Ca(2+) evoked currents were reduced at low pH and increased at high pH and were only slightly affected by the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonists, nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, and the agonist, Bay K 8644, even at relatively high concentrations. In conclusion, CaT2 may participate in calcium entry into the cells of the distal convoluted tubule and connecting segment of the nephron, where active reabsorption of calcium takes place via the transcellular route. The high sensitivity of CaT2 to Cd(2+) also provides a potential explanation for Cd(2+)-induced hypercalciuria and resultant renal stone formation.
Energy-Efficient Virtual Machine Replication for Data Centers (2018)

Virtual Machine (VM) replication is used primarily for achieving fault tolerance and load balancing of requests. We tackle the virtual machine replication problem (VMR) for data centers and take into account reducing the total power consumption. Each VM will be replicated R times on different physical machines (PMs). As such, in case of a server failure, there will be at least another PM that has the requested VM. Solving the VMR problem is equivalent to minimum cost flow problem, that can be solved optimally. After replication of VMs, we turn off the inactive PMs in order to reduce the power consumption even more. We simulate different data center scenarios and analyse how many inactive PMs we have achieved.
<i>Acanthamoeba</i> keratitis: a sobering case and a promising new treatment (1994)

This case report describing Acanthamoeba keratitis in a 41-year-old male disposable contact lens wearer, adds some sobering and some encouraging information for the future management of this infection. Initial treatment with topical propamidine isethionate (Brolene) and polymyxin B/neomycin/gramicidin (Neosporin) led to an unsatisfactory clinical response. Topical miconazole 1%, prednisolone acetate 0.12% and oral itraconazole were then added to his treatment. This was later discontinued on noticing ipsilateral toxic cataract formation and an unresponsive pupil. The above medications were replaced with topical polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) 0.02%, which we had shown to have superior in-vitro amoebicidal activity when compared to the other antiamoebic agents used in this case. Withdrawal of the multitreatment schedule and commencement of PHMB was associated with resolution of his keratitis, healing of a large epithelial defect and settling of severe conjunctivitis. The identical Acanthamoeba strain was isolated from the patient's contact lens storage case and cornea, possibly implicating the contaminated contact lens case in the aetiology of his keratitis. This is the first Australasian experience using PHMB to treat Acanthamoeba keratitis. It appears to be a promising new treatment for this infection.
The C‐terminal (haemopexin‐like) domain structure of human gelatinase A (MMP2): structural implications for its function (1996)

In common with most other matrix metalloproteinases, gelatinase A has a non-catalytic C-terminal domain that displays sequence homology to haemopexin. Crystals of this domain were used by molecular replacement to solve its molecular structure at 2.6 A resolution, which was refined to an R value of 17.9%. This structure has a disc-like shape, with the chain folded into a beta-propeller structure that has pseudo four-fold symmetry. Although the topology and the side-chain arrangement are very similar to the equivalent domain of fibroblast collagenase, significant differences in surface charge and contouring are observable on 1 side of the gelatinase A disc. This difference might be a factor in allowing the gelatinase A C-terminal domain to bind to natural inhibitor TIMP-2.