gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eine neue Synthese von (<i>S</i>)‐(+)‐Glycerin‐tosylat (1989)

A Novel Synthesis of ( S )‐(+)‐Glycerol Tosylate Enantiomerically pure ( S )‐(+)‐glycerol tosylate ( 3 ) was prepared from D ‐(+)‐ribono‐γ‐lactone ( 4 ) in 43% overall yield.
Improving a network security system by recongurable hardware (2005)

Improving network security systems by using recon gurable hardware is an important research eld since the speed of the Internet is increasing. In this work, we have implemented stateful TCP inspection in a Field Programmable Gate Array (EPGA) to help alleviating a bottleneck in network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs). Today's software based NIDSs (eg. Snort) show inef ciency and even fail to perform for the faster Internet. Implementing stateful TCP inspection in EPGA aims at achieving an ef cient, fast NIDS in general, - Snort speci cally. By dividing a TCP connection into two ows, one to the Sewer and another to the Client, monitoring of the TCP ow can be sped up. A TCP ow deals not only with a single packet but also with multiple packets over the network. Reassembly of those packets is one of the main tusks that the TCP ow monitoring should accomplish. By parallelizing the tasks of reassembling TCP packets on the Sewer and the Client on an EPGA, the performance of stateful TCP inspection can be greatly improved. The performance obtained by this work is a throughput of 2.75 Gbps.
A numerical investigation of wave interactions in dielectric waveguides with periodic surface corrugations (1990)

The modal properties of planar multilayered waveguides with a rectangular surface corrugation are investigated. A rigorous full Floquet numerical analysis is performed for the fundamental TE mode of the infinite periodic structure. The algorithm is based on a boundary element solution of the integral wave equation in the grating region. A generalized transverse resonance-type matrix equation is sought that matches all continuity, periodicity, and boundary conditions. The resonant solutions of this characteristic equation represent all the surface and leaky waves supported by the structure. The exact dispersion characteristics, as well as the amplitudes of the space harmonics are computed and discussed in connection with radiation losses and coupling mechanisms near resonant Bragg conditions. In particular, a specific double-heterostructure GaAs/AlGaAs waveguide geometry is examined in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural studies on penicillin derivatives. IV. Novel rearrangement of penicillin V sulfoxide (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural studies on penicillin derivatives. IV. Novel rearrangement of penicillin V sulfoxideRobin D. G. Cooper and F. L. JoseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 8, 2575–2576Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00711a075RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (232 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
3-Acyltetramic acid antibiotics. 1. Synthesis of tirandamycic acid (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Acyltetramic acid antibiotics. 1. Synthesis of tirandamycic acidRobert E. Ireland, Peter G. M. Wuts, and Beat ErnstCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 11, 3205–3207Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00401a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00401a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views653Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Visual Quality Enhancement in DCT-Domain Spatial Downscaling Transcoding Using Generalized DCT Decimation (2007)

In this paper, we propose a generalized discrete cosine transform (DCT) decimation scheme for DCT-domain spatial downscaling which performs two-fold decimation on subframes of a flexible size larger than the traditional 8 times 8 block size to improve the visual quality. Efficient sparse-matrix representations are then derived to reduce the computation of the proposed DCT decimation method. We compare the antialiasing filtering performances and computational complexities of the proposed downscaling scheme with the existing DCT-domain and pixel-domain downscaling schemes. Our analysis shows that the proposed scheme can reduce the aliasing artifact compared to the pixel-domain downscaling schemes, whereas the computational complexity may be increased. Experimental results are reported to show the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Proton-nitrogen-15 heteronuclear NMR studies of Escherichia coli thioredoxin in samples isotopically labeled by residue type (1985)

Ten samples of Escherichia coli thioredoxin were individually isotopically enriched by residue type via growth of an appropriate auxotrophic strain on media supplemented with one 2H, 15N-enriched amino acid. 1H observe-heteronuclear decoupling experiments were conducted on these samples making use of the 95-Hz 1H-15N amide J1 coupling. Subtraction of near-resonance from off-resonance 15N decoupled spectra generated difference patterns corresponding only to protons directly bonded to 15N nuclei. For the ten different enriched residue types observed to date, every labeled position (60) has been observed as a resolved resonance. The spectral dispersion in both the 1H and the 15N dimensions was roughly 1500 Hz (at 500-MHz field strength) with rather little apparent dependence on residue type. With the exception of the glycine-enriched sample, the range of the J1 coupling constants was not much greater than the precision of the measurements (1.5-2.0 Hz). However, for the glycine residues the J1 amide coupling values varied over a range of 10 Hz.
Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Depression: A Review of Three Studies (2009)

We review three studies of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of depression that were carried out by our research group at the Beer Sheva Mental Health Center. The first study examined eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) versus placebo as an adjunct to antidepressant treatment in 20 unipolar patients with recurrent major depression. The second study used omega-3 fatty acids in childhood major depression; 28 children aged 6-12 were randomized to omega-3 fatty acids or placebo as pharmacologic monotherapy. The third study was an open-label add-on trial of EPA in bipolar depression. Twelve bipolar outpatients with depressive symptoms were treated with 1.5-2.0 g/day of EPA for up to 6 months. In the adult unipolar depression study, highly significant benefits were found by week 3 of EPA treatment compared with placebo. In the child study, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed highly significant effects of omega-3 on each of the three rating scales. In the bipolar depression study, 8 of the 10 patients who completed at least 1 month of follow-up achieved a 50% or greater reduction in Hamilton depression (Ham-D) scores within 1 month. No significant side effects were reported in any of the studies. Omega-3 fatty acids were shown to be more effective than placebo for depression in both adults and children in small controlled studies and in an open study of bipolar depression. (This review discusses three studies, all from our group, completed before the clinical trial registry was initiated.)
Manipulating polarization states of terahertz radiation using metamaterials (2012)

We present a double-ring-chain metamaterial that enables efficient polarization conversion of terahertz waves. The experimental results and numerical simulations reveal that the linear-to-linear polarization rotation and linear-to-elliptic polarization transformation are simply accomplished by altering the dimensional parameters of the metamaterial unit cells. The polarization state conversion is found to be critically related to the resonant properties of the long bars and the rings in the unit geometries and is well described by the Jones matrix. This approach promises both passive and active polarization conversion of terahertz radiation using planar metamaterials.
Android botnets on the rise: Trends and characteristics (2012)

Smartphones are the latest technology trend of the 21st century. Today's social expectation of always staying connected and the need for an increase in productivity are the reasons for the increase in smartphone usage. One of the leaders of the smartphone evolution is Google's Android Operating System (OS). The openness of the design and the ease of customizing are the aspects that are placing Android ahead of the other smartphone OSs. Such popularity has not only led to an increase in Android usage but also to the rise of Android malware. Although such malware is not having a significant impact on the popularity of Android smartphones, it is however creating new possibilities for threats. One such threat is the impact of botnets on Android smartphones. Recently, malware has surfaced that revealed specific characteristics relating to traditional botnet activities. Malware such as Geinimi, Pjapps, DroidDream, and RootSmart all display traditional botnet functionalities. These malicious applications show that Android botnets is a reality. From a security perspective it is important to understand the underlying structure of an Android botnet. This paper evaluates Android malware with the purpose of identifying specific trends and characteristics relating to botnet behaviour. The botnet trends and characteristics are detected by a comprehensive literature study of well-known Android malware applications. The identified characteristics are then further explored in terms of the Android Botnet Development Model and the Android Botnet Discovery Process. The common identified trends and characteristics aid the understanding of Android botnet activities as well as the possible discovery of an Android bot.
Personality and the Persistant Non-swimmer (1965)

Abstract Non-swimmers attending any course of instruction can be divided into two categories: those who having received previous instruction are still unable to swim (category 1) and those who have never received previous instruction (category 2). Analysis of the scores on Maudsley Personality Inventories given to university male non-swimmers indicated that students in category 1 had a lower extraversion mean than those in category 2, but results were only significant at the 10 percent level. No significant differences were found in neuroticism scores. Junior M.P.I.'s were given to all 11- and 12-year-old boys in a variety of secondary schools in order to obtain norms for these particular schools. A comparison of the extraversion means for swimmers and persistent non-swimmers at each of these age levels in the combined results of all the schools indicated highly significant differences (P<.01), the non-swimmers being more introverted. Highly significant differences in neuroticism means were found at the 11 age level, and significant differences were found at the 12 age level, the non-swimmers being more neurotic. It was concluded on the basis of these results that more notice should be taken of the personality of the persistent non-swimmer if better and quicker results are to be achieved.
Neural-network based analog-circuit fault diagnosis using wavelet transform as preprocessor (2000)

We have developed an analog-circuit fault diagnostic system based on backpropagation neural networks using wavelet decomposition, principal component analysis, and data normalization as preprocessors. The proposed system has the capability to detect and identify faulty components in an analog electronic circuit by analyzing its impulse response. Using wavelet decomposition to preprocess the impulse response drastically reduces the number of inputs to the neural network, simplifying its architecture and minimizing its training and processing time. The second preprocessing by principal component analysis can further reduce the dimensionality of the input space and/or select input features that minimize diagnostic errors. Input normalization removes large dynamic variances over one or more dimensions in input space, which tend to obscure the relevant data fed to the neural network. A comparison of our work with that of Spina and Upadhyaya (see ibid., vol. 44, p. 188-196, 1997), which also employs backpropagation neural networks, reveals that our system requires a much smaller network and performs significantly better in fault diagnosis of analog circuits due to our proposed preprocessing techniques.
AUTOVC: Zero-Shot Voice Style Transfer with Only Autoencoder Loss (2019)

Non-parallel many-to-many voice conversion, as well as zero-shot voice conversion, remain under-explored areas. Deep style transfer algorithms, such as generative adversarial networks (GAN) and conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE), are being applied as new solutions in this field. However, GAN training is sophisticated and difficult, and there is no strong evidence that its generated speech is of good perceptual quality. On the other hand, CVAE training is simple but does not come with the distribution-matching property of a GAN. In this paper, we propose a new style transfer scheme that involves only an autoencoder with a carefully designed bottleneck. We formally show that this scheme can achieve distribution-matching style transfer by training only on a self-reconstruction loss. Based on this scheme, we proposed AUTOVC, which achieves state-of-the-art results in many-to-many voice conversion with non-parallel data, and which is the first to perform zero-shot voice conversion.
New developments in zeolite science and technology : proceedings of the 7th International Zeolite Conference, Tokyo, August 17-22, 1986 (1986)

Introductory Talk - Porous crystals: a perspective (R.M. Barrer). Plenary Lectures: Zeolites and zeolite-like materials (W.M. Meier). Exploration of the void size and structure of zeolites and molecular sieves using chemical reactions (P.A. Jacobs, J.A. Martens). Geology and Mineralogy (9 papers). Synthesis (21 papers). Ion Exchange and Modification (11 papers). Structure (14 papers). Adsorption and Diffusion (22 papers). Catalysis (44 papers). Application (9 papers). Author Index.
Cystic fibrosis, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and active cutaneous vasodilation (1990)

The transmitter substance for the active cutaneous vasodilation that accompanies sweating during hyperthermia in humans is unknown. Hökfelt et al. (Nature Lond. 284: 515-521, 180) hypothesized that it is vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) that is cotransmitted with acetylcholine. Heinz-Erian et al. (Science Wash. DC 229: 1407-1408, 1985) reported that VIP innervation is sparse in the skin of persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). A corresponding attenuation of active vasodilation in these subjects would be evidence that VIP is involved in this effector mechanism of human thermor-regulation. Immunocytochemical analysis of skin biopsies from four men with CF confirmed that VIP innervation was sparse. We also analyzed immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; normal), substance P (normal), and neuropeptide Y (low). VIP-immunoreactive Merkel cells were abnormal. Despite sparse VIP-immunoreactive innervation, our CF subjects' cutaneous vascular responses to hyperthermia were normal. Because VIP was not completely absent, this evidence is insufficient to rule out VIP as the vasodilator transmitter. However, the CGRP and substance P innervation we observed could mean that release of one or both of these peptides was the mechanism of the fully developed active cutaneous vasodilation.
Kinetics of retrovirus production and decay (1999)

There has been only limited success in using recombinant retroviruses to transfer genes for the purposes of human gene therapy, in part because the average number of genes delivered to the target cells (transduction efficiency) is often too low to achieve the desired therapeutic effect [Miller, AD. 1990. Blood 76:271–278; Mulligan RC. 1993. Science 260:926–932; Orkin SH, Mo- tulsky AG. 1995. Report and recommendations of the panel to assess the NIH investment in research on gene therapy. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health.]. One strategy to improve transduction efficiency is to focus on understanding and improving the processes used to produce recombinant retroviruses. In this report, we characterized the dynamics of retrovirus production and decay in batch cultures of virus producer cells using a simple mathematical model, a recombinant retrovirus encoding the Escherichia coli lacZ gene, and quantitative assays for virus activity and number. We found that the rate at which recombinant retroviruses spontaneously lose their activity (decay) is a strong function of temperature, decreasing roughly 2-fold for every 5°C reduction in temperature, whereas the rate at which retroviruses are produced is only weakly affected by temperature, decreasing about 10% for every 5°C reduction in temperature. In addition, we developed a simple mathematical model of virus production and decay that predicted that the virus titer in batch cultures of virus producer cells would reach a maximum steady-state at a rate that is inversely proportional to the virus decay rate and to a level that is proportional to the ratio of the virus production rate to the virus decay rate. Consistent with the model, we observed that the steady-state levels of virus titer increased more than 3-fold when the cell culture temperature was reduced from 37 to 28°C. Despite their higher titers, virus stocks produced at 28°C, when used in undiluted form so as to mimic human gene transfer protocols, did not transduce substantially more cells than virus stocks produced at 37°C. The implications of our findings on the production of retroviruses for use in human gene therapy protocols are discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 63: 654–662, 1999.
Site-directed delivery of ferritin-encapsulated gold nanoparticles (2009)

Newly designed porter proteins, which catch gold nanoparticles and deliver the nanoparticles selectively to a silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) surface under the specific conditions were reported. Recombinant apoferritin subunits, each of which has gold-binding peptide and titanium-binding peptide at the C- and N-terminus, respectively, can efficiently encapsulate a gold nanoparticle. The bio-conjugate, a nanogold and surrounding mutant protein subunits, had a property which can deliver itself to the SiO(2) surface through the interaction. In theory, our genetically manipulated apoferritin subunits can encapsulate gold nanoparticles of various sizes, which is a promising property for applications involving surface plasmon resonance.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Selegiline in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Neurological Diseases (2006)

Selegiline inhibits the activity of monoamine oxidase B, enhances the release of dopamine, blocks the uptake of dopamine, acts as a calmodulin antagonist, and enhances the level of cyclic AMP, which in turn protects dopaminergic neurons. It possesses cognition-enhancing functions, rejuvenates serum insulin-like growth factor I in aged rats, and enhances life expectancy in rodents. Selegiline possesses neurotrophic-like actions, and rescues axotomized motorneurons independent of monoamine oxidase B inhibition. It enhances the synthesis of nerve growth factor, protects dopaminergic neurons from glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity, and protects dopaminergic neurons from toxic factors present in the spinal fluid of parkinsonian patients, and the said effect may be mediated via elaborating brain derived neurotrophic factor. Selegiline increases the striatal superoxide dismutase, protects against peroxynitrite- and nitric oxide-induced apoptosis, and guards dopaminergic neurons from toxicity induced by glutathione depletion. It stimulates the biosynthesis of interleukin 1-beta and interleukin-6, is an immunoenhancing substance, possesses antiapoptotic actions, and is neuroprotectant in nature. Selegiline has been shown to be efficacious in Parkinson's disease, global ischemia, Gille de la Tourette syndrome, and narcolepsy. Its therapeutic efficacy in Alzheimer's disease remains uncertain. In Alzheimer's disease, short term studies of selegiline suggest a beneficial effect; whereas long term studies are less convincing.
Gasification reaction of organic compounds catalyzed by RuO2 in supercritical water (2003)

Nearly complete gasification of organic compounds has been achieved by stoichiometrically insufficient amounts of RuO2 in supercritical water (SCW) to provide CH4, CO2 and H2, all the hydrogen atoms of which originate from water, and the catalytic effect of RuO2 results from a redox couple of Ru(IV)/Ru(II) induced by SCW.
Alkylations with Potassium Carbonate in Dimethylformamide (1977)

(1977). Alkylations with Potassium Carbonate in Dimethylformamide. Synthetic Communications: Vol. 7, No. 8, pp. 559-568.
Broadband Dual-Polarization Microwave Absorber Based on Broadside-Folded Dipole Array With Triangle-Lattice Cells (2014)

An improved folded dipole is employed to realize broadband dual-polarization microwave absorber. To further widen the bandwidth, different kinds of lattice cells are considered in the array. It is found that the triangle-lattice cell with equal element spacer would be the best choice. The numerical and measured results show that the relative bandwidth of the absorber surface consisting of triangle cells can reach up to a bandwidth of 112.1% with frequency ratio 3.55 and thickness of 0.22 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . The sensitivity to the oblique incidence has been decreased and can be well kept with reflection of -10 dB within the incident angle of 45°.