gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-aspect-ratio line focus for an x-ray laser by a deformable mirror (1997)

A high-aspect-ratio line focus is required on a plane target in x-ray laser experiments for obtaining a high gain-length product. Inherent wave-front aberrations in line-focusing optics, which consist of a cylindrical lens and a spherical lens, are discussed with respect to beam diameter. The nonuniformity of the linewidth that is due to the aberrations is also calculated by the ABCD matrix method. A deformable mirror of a continuous plate type with a diameter of 185 mm provides an adequate wave-front distribution for compensating for the wave-front aberration. The wave-front control by the deformable mirror realizes a fine linewidth of 25 microm and 18.2 mm long, corresponding to the aspect ratio of 728. The linewidth is three times the diffraction limit. The intensity distribution along the line focus is also improved.
Cognitive Inflexibility After Prefrontal Serotonin Depletion (2004)

Serotonergic dysregulation within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders, but the precise role of serotonin within the PFC is poorly understood. Using a serial discrimination reversal paradigm, we showed that upon reversal, selective serotonin depletion of the marmoset PFC produced perseverative responding to the previously rewarded stimulus without any significant effects on either retention of a discrimination learned preoperatively or acquisition of a novel discrimination postoperatively. These results highlight the importance of prefrontal serotonin in behavioral flexibility and are highly relevant to obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and the cognitive sequelae of drug abuse in which perseveration is prominent.
Development of a Prototype Magnetically Suspended Rotor Ventricular Assist Device (1996)

A continuous flow centrifugal blood pump with magnetically suspended impeller has been designed, constructed, and tested. The system can be functionally divided into three subsystem designs: 1) centrifugal pump and flow paths, 2) magnetic bearings, and 3) brushless DC motor. The centrifugal pump is a Francis vane type design with a designed operating point of 6 L/min flow and 100 mmHg pressure rise at 2,300 RPM. Peak hydraulic efficiency is over 50%. The magnetic bearing system is an all active design with five axes of control. Rotor position sensors were developed as part of the system to provide feedback to a proportional-integralderivative controller. The motor is a sensorless brushless DC motor. Back electromotive force voltage generated by the motor is used to provide commutation for the motor. No slots are employed in the motor design in order to reduce the radial force that the bearings must generate. Tests pumping blood in vitro were very encouraging; an index of hemolysis of 0.0086±0.0012 was measured. Further design refinement is needed to reduce power dissipation and size of the device. The concept of using magnetic bearings in a blood pump shows promise in a long-term implantable blood pump.
Options for the collection and disposal of carbon dioxide (1980)

If society should ever decide that unacceptable changes in climate are imminent because of the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from the use of fossil fuels, it may be necessary to collect and dispose of carbon dioxide. At present it appears that such disposal would consume a large fraction of the energy derived from the fossil fuel. To scrub and strip carbon dioxide from the flue gas of a coal-fired power station by the most efficient method presently available would require about 43% of the combustion energy of the coal. If the coal were burned in pure oxygen to avoid scrubbing and stripping, at least 30% of the combustion energy would be required to supply the oxygen. After recovery the best option for disposal of carbon dioxide is in the deep ocean where the low rate of circulation should give a retention time of hundreds of years. Injection could be in the form of a concentrated seawater solution and at a depth sufficient to prevent bubble formation. Such a stream could be denser than seawater and form a negatively buoyant plume that might convey much of the CO/sub 2/ to the bottom. Alternatively, liquid carbon dioxide could bemore » injected into the ocean, but at greater depths to achieve the needed density. Or blocks of solid carbon dioxide hydrate or dry ice released at the ocean surface might reach deep water quickly enough for effective disposal. The most efficient option for the future might be floating, coal-fired power plants that use cold deep seawater for both condenser cooling and carbon dioxide disposal. In particular, it might be practical simply to compress the flue gas and discharge it at a depth which would insure that the CO/sub 2/ is dissolved and carried to the deep ocean. As a near-term option, depleted oil and gas fields could be used for disposal of carbon dioxide.« less
A Low-Power AC/DC Rectifier for Passive UHF RFID Transponders (2007)

The operating principle of typical MOSFETs AC/DC rectifier is introduced in this paper. In order to maximize the operating range of RFID transponder, low-power design techniques are needed. Therefore, the key design parameters optimization of passive rectifier is discussed. Besides, the design of a low-power rectifier for passive UHF RFID transponder, which is compatible with standard CMOS process and can be applied to the environment in which the distance from interrogator changes greatly, is also presented in this paper. Measurement results showed that if a 510 kilo-ohm resistance is added at the rectifier output and 4 W EIRP interrogator transmit power, the rectifier can output 1.6 V to 2 V DC voltage, the minimum RF input power is about 230 muW corresponding to a reading distance of 3.45 m.
A Fast-Result Method of Planar Polishing for Optical Microscopy (1997)

Abstract The planarizing technique of materials lapping and polishing shows many benefits in providing samples for optical microscopy in failure analysis, quality control and related fields. A method is described below which provides both rapid and accurate micro-sections of pcb's, wafers, packaged components and other processed materials, with the use of a novel approach involving a 'calibrated' polishing base and a 'Micropositioner' head. Other benefits include the ability to halt material removal at a predetermined process endpoint and convenient sample mounting techniques.
Extended-Resolution Reconstruction of Structured Illumination Microscopy Data (2005)

Microscope resolution can be extended through structured illumination followed by linear data processing. The possible resolution increase, determined by the highest spatial frequency of the effective illumination pattern, can be made theoretically infinite through nonlinearities.
Higher Triglycerides, Lower High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Higher Systolic Blood Pressure in Lipoprotein Lipase–Deficient Heterozygotes (1996)

These data confirm past observations that LPL deficient heterozygotes trend toward lower HDL-C and higher TG levels while potentially expressing higher SBP. These data also implicate the specific LPL gene defect as a contributing factor to the variable expression of HDL-C, TG, and SBP.
Differences in Corticosterone and Dexamethasone Binding to Rat Brain and Pituitary<sup>1</sup> (1975)

In an attempt to relate binding of 3H-corticosterone and 3H-dexamethasone to their respective potencies in blocking pituitary-adrenal activity, cytosol binding in vitro and cell nuclear binding both in vivo and in tissue slices in vitro were studied in hippocampus, hypothalamus, and anterior pituitary of adrenalectomized rats. It was found that the extremely potent glucocorticoid dexamethasone has a different pattern of binding than corticosterone in the brain and in the anterior pituitary. 1) In cytosol, differences in the estimated binding capacities in a particular tissue for 3H-corticosterone and 3H-dexamethasone and different rates of inactivation in the ability to bind the two steroids are observed. 2) For 3H-corticosterone, cytosol binding in hippocampus is higher than that in hypothalamus, and cell nuclear binding follows the same pattern. For 3H-dexamethasone, cytosol binding is again higher in the hippocampus than in hypothalamus but cell nuclear binding in the two structures is not significantly different. With respect to the anterior pituitary, binding to cell nuclei is higher for 3H-dexamethasone, while the binding to cytosol macromolecules is higher for 3H-corticosterone. 3) In vivo and in vitro cell nuclear binding for both steroids showed the same pattern among the three tissues, but in vivo data showed more distinctly the preference of 3H-dexamethasone for the anterior pituitary and the preference of 3H-corticosterone for the hippocampus. 4) When labeled in tissue slices, cell nuclear radioactivity appears to be bound to macromolecules. 5) Steroid metabolism does not occur in slices during 60 min in vitro at 25 C and cannot account for the observed tissue differences in binding. The existence of more than one population of corticosteroid-binding sites in brain and in anterior pituitary is suggested. The results are consistent with the view that the dexamethasone blockade of stress-induced ACTH release is mediated by the anterior pituitary, while the high specificity of cotricosterone binding in the hippocampus implies a specific but as yet undetermined effect of the hormone in this brain area, an effect which may not be directly related to regulation of ACTH secretion.
Mixed Matrix Membrane Development (2003)

A bstract : Two types of mixed matrix membranes were developed by UOP in the late 1980s. The first type includes adsorbent polymers, such as silicalite‐cellulose acetate (CA), NaX‐CA, and AgX‐CA mixed matrix membranes. The silicalite‐CA has a CO 2 /H 2 selectivity of 5.15 ± 2.2. In contrast, the CA membrane has a CO 2 /H 2 selectivity of 0.77 ± 0.06. The second type of mixed matrix membrane is PEG‐silicone rubber. The PEG‐silicone rubber mixed matrix membrane has high selectivity for polar gases, such as SO 2 , NH 3 , and H 2 S.
Music Scene-Adaptive Harmonic Dictionary for Unsupervised Note-Event Detection (2009)

Harmonic decompositions are a powerful tool dealing with polyphonic music signals in some potential applications such as music visualization, music transcription and instrument recognition. The usefulness of a harmonic decomposition relies on the design of a proper harmonic dictionary. Music scene-adaptive harmonic atoms have been used with this purpose. These atoms are adapted to the musical instruments and to the music scene, including aspects related with the venue, musician, and other relevant acoustic properties. In this paper, an unsupervised process to obtain music scene-adaptive spectral patterns for each MIDI-note is proposed. Furthermore, the obtained harmonic dictionary is applied to note-event detection with matching pursuits. In the case of a music database that only consists of one-instrument signals, promising results (high accuracy and low error rate) have been achieved for note-event detection.
Physical Constants of Different Rubbers (1976)

Abstract Where a range is given, there are available several observations which differ. In most cases the differences are thought to be real, arising from differences in the rubber rather than from errors of observation. Where a single value is given, it is either because no other observations are available or because there seems to be no significant disagreement among values within the errors of observation. Where values are not given, data have not been found. Where dashes are shown, either the physical measurement is impossible or the constant in question is not adequately defined under the given conditions. 50 phr means “50 parts of carbon black by weight per 100 parts of rubber”, corresponding to a volume fraction of about 0.2. The values shown refer to specific vulcanizates cited in the corresponding references. Other vulcanizates may yield a broader range of values. The metric technical unit “kilogram force” or “kilopond” has been taken as 9.80665 newtons (980 665 dynes). Where an undefined calorie has been used by the respective authors, it has been taken as the thermochemical calorie equal to 4.1840 joules. Values are given for constants at a temperature of 25°C and a pressure of 1 normal atmosphere = 1.01325×10 5 Pa (where 1 Pa = 1 N/m 2 = 10 dyn/cm 2 = 10 −6 bar).
Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Arylation of Benzoylacrylic Acids toward the Synthesis of Chalcones (2013)

It has been found that readily available 3-benzoylacrylic acids undergo palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative arylation with arylboronic acids in the presence of a copper salt oxidant to produce chalcone derivatives. The decarboxylative arylation could also be achieved using aryl halides as the alternative aryl source to expand the applicable scope.
7 GHz bandwidth optical front-end circuit using GaAs FET monolithic IC technology (1989)

A GaAs FET monolithic integrated transimpedance preamplifier for 10 Gbit/s optical fibre transmission is realised using a newly developed capacitor peaking technique. A 3 dB bandwidth of 8.6 GHz and 19 dB gain is achieved in S-parameter measurements. A 3 dB bandwidth of 7 GHz and −12.0 dBm sensitivity at 10 Gbit/s are achieved in an optical front-end circuit with a GaInAs pin photodiode
miRNAs as Modulators of Angiogenesis (2012)

MicroRNAs are highly expressed in endothelial cells, and recent data suggest that they regulate aspects of vascular development and angiogenesis. This study highlights the state of the art in this field and potential therapeutic opportunities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a family of conserved short (≈22 nt) noncoding single-stranded RNAs that have been identified in plants and animals. They are generated by the sequential processing of the RNA template by the enzymes Drosha and Dicer, and mature miRNAs can regulate the levels of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. miRNAs participate in a diverse range of regulatory events via regulation of genes involved in the control of processes such as development, differentiation, homeostasis, metabolism, growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, rather than functioning as regulatory on-off switches, miRNAs often function to modulate or fine-tune cellular phenotypes. So far, more than 1000 mammalian miRNAs have been identified since the discovery of the first two miRNAs (lin-4 and let-7), and bioinformatics predictions indicate that mammalian miRNAs can regulate ∼30% of all protein-coding genes.
Amorphous thin film white-LED and its light-emitting mechanism (2002)

Thin film light-emitting diodes (TFLEDs) made of amorphous semiconductor silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) have been developed by glow discharge deposition in an SiH/sub 4/+CH/sub 4/ mixture. White light emission is observable in the samples with a structure of either glass/ITO/a-SiC:H/Al or glass/ITO/p-i-n a-SiC:H/Al when a proper critical condition has been established. The light-emitting mechanism associated with these LEDs is suggested to be an irradiative recombination of the electrons in the extended states of the conduction band and the holes in the localized states of the valence band.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of Small-Molecule Antagonists of the <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Transcriptional Regulator PqsR: Biophysically Guided Hit Discovery and Optimization (2012)

The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces an intercellular alkyl quinolone signaling molecule, the Pseudomonas quinolone signal. The pqs quorum sensing communication system that is characteristic for P. aeruginosa regulates the production of virulence factors. Therefore, we consider the pqs system a novel target to limit P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. Here, we present small molecules targeting a key player of the pqs system, PqsR. A rational design strategy in combination with surface plasmon resonance biosensor analysis led to the identification of PqsR binders. Determination of thermodynamic binding signatures and functional characterization in E. coli guided the hit optimization, resulting in the potent hydroxamic acid derived PqsR antagonist 11 (IC(50) = 12.5 μM). Remarkably it displayed a comparable potency in P. aeruginosa (IC(50) = 23.6 μM) and reduced the production of the virulence factor pyocyanin. Beyond this, site-directed mutagenesis together with thermodynamic analysis provided insights into the energetic characteristics of protein-ligand interactions. Thus the identified PqsR antagonists are promising scaffolds for further drug design efforts against this important pathogen.
Computers in Music Education: Recent Developments in Music Curriculum (1987)

Computer-based music education is at a developing stage in the music world. This article discusses various computer programmes and applications.
ERK-Dependent Modulation of Cerebellar Synaptic Plasticity after Chronic Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure (2006)

Chronic exposure to Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induces tolerance to cannabinoid-induced locomotor effects, which are mediated by cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) located in motor control regions, including the cerebellum. There is substantial evidence of cerebellar CB1R molecular adaptation and modifications in receptor signaling after prolonged cannabinoid exposure. However, very little is known about the effects of chronic cannabinoid administration on cerebellar synaptic plasticity, which may contribute to the development of cannabinoid behavioral tolerance. In the cerebellar cortex, activation of CB1R inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses by decreasing neurotransmitter release. Our study aimed to investigate the neurophysiological adaptive responses occurring at cerebellar PF-PC cell synapses after repeated THC exposure. In THC-tolerant mice, an increase of the basal release probability was found at PF-PC synapses, in parallel with a facilitation of slow mGluR1 (metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents and a reduced sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of the CB1R agonist CP55,940 [(-)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol]. Additionally, after repeated THC exposures, presynaptic PF-PC long-term potentiation was blocked by A1R (adenosine receptor-1) activation. Inhibition of the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway prevented these alterations of cerebellar synaptic transmission and plasticity. In summary, we provide evidence for ERK-dependent modulatory mechanisms at PF-PC synapses after chronic THC administration. This contributes to generation of forms of pathological synaptic plasticity that might play a role in cannabinoid dependence.
Isolation and Characterization of a Photorepair-Deficient Mutant in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1987)

A mutation abolishing photorepair has been localized to map position 56.8 centimorgans on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Strains homozygous for the phr allele are totally devoid of photorepair and partially deficient in excision repair. Both defects map to the chromosomal region between pr and c. Since a homozygous phr stock exhibits reduced photoreactivation, the corresponding wild-type allele plays a significant role in UV resistance.
Multicenter trial of naloxone in alzheimer's disease (1989)

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of intravenously administered naloxone hydrochloride, 54 subjects with clinically ascertained Alzheimer's disease tested at three university centers showed no significant improvement in neuropsychological performance after 1-mg or 10-mg doses; 15 patients at 1 center were similarly unimproved after receiving 30 mg naloxone (single blind). Findings fail to support claims that naloxone monotherapy ameliorates cognitive impairments of Alzheimer's disease.
Genome microarray analysis of transcriptional activation in multidrug resistance yeast mutants (2000)

The cDNA from activated mutants of the homologous transcription factors Pdr1p and Pdr3p was used to screen DNA microarrays of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae complete genome. Twenty-six overexpressed targets of the PDR1-3 and/or PDR3-7 mutants were identified. Twenty-one are new targets, the majority of which are of unknown function. In addition to well known ABC transporters, these targets appear to be involved in transport or in membrane lipids and cell wall biosyntheses. Several of the targets seem to contribute to the cell defence against a variety of stresses. Pdr1p and Pdr3p do not act similarly on all targets. Unexpectedly, the expression of 23 other genes appeared to be repressed in the PDR1-3 and/or PDR3-7 mutants. In contrast to the majority of the activated genes, none of the repressed genes contains pleiotropic drug resistance binding sites in their promoter.
Statistical Modeling, Phylogenetic Analysis and Structure Prediction of a Protein Splicing Domain Common to Inteins and Hedgehog Proteins (1997)

Inteins, introns spliced at the protein level, and the hedgehog family of proteins involved in eucaryotic development both undergo autocatalytic proteolysis. Here, a specific and sensitive hidden Markov model (HMM) of protein splicing domain shared by inteins and the hedgehog proteins has been trained and employed for further analysis. The HMM characterizes the common features of this domain including the position where a site-specific DNA endonuclease domain is inserted in the majority of the inteins. The HMM was used to identify several new putative inteins, such as that in the Methanococcus jannaschii klbA protein, and to generate a multiple sequence alignment of sequences possessing this domain. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that hedgehog proteins evolved from inteins. Secondary and tertiary structure predictions suggest that the domain has a structure similar to a beta-sandwich. Similarities between the serine protease cleavage mechanism and the protein splicing reaction mechanism are discussed. Examination of the locations of inteins indicates that they are not inserted randomly in an extein, but are often inserted at functionally important positions in the host proteins. A specific and sensitive HMM for a domain present in klbA proteins identified several additional bacterial and archaeal family members, and analysis of the site of insertion of the intein suggests residues that may be functionally important. This domain may play a role in formation of surface-associated protein complexes.
An ultrasensitive colorimeter assay strategy for p53 mutation assisted by nicking endonuclease signal amplification (2011)

A novel catalytic colorimetric assay assisted by nicking endonuclease signal amplification (NESA) was developed. With the signal amplification, the detection limit of the p53 target gene can be as low as 1 pM, which is nearly 5 orders of magnitude lower than that of other previously reported colorimetric DNA detection strategies based on catalytic DNAzyme.