gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antagonism of Innate Immunity by Paramyxovirus Accessory Proteins (2009)

Paramyxovirinae, a subfamily of Paramyxoviridae, are negative strand RNA viruses comprised of many important human and animal pathogens, which share a high degree of genetic and structural homology. The accessory proteins expressed from the P/V/C gene are major factors in the pathogenicity of the viruses, because of their ability to abrogate various facets of type I interferon (IFN) induction and signaling. Most of the paramyxoviruses exhibit a commonality in their ability to antagonize innate immunity by blocking IFN induction and the Jak/STAT pathway. However, the manner in which the accessory proteins inhibit the pathway differs among viruses. Similarly, there are variations in the capability of the viruses to counteract intracellular detectors (RNA helicases, mda-5 and RIG-I). Furthermore, a functional specificity in the antagonism of the IFN response has been reported, suggesting that specificity in the circumvention of innate immunity restricts viral host range. Available evidence indicates that paramyxoviruses employ specific strategies to antagonize the IFN response of their specific hosts, which is one of the major factors that determine viral pathogenicity and host range.
Physiological-Based Affect Event Detector for Entertainment Video Applications (2012)

In this paper, we propose a methodology to build a real-time affect detector dedicated to video viewing and entertainment applications. This detector combines the acquisition of traditional physiological signals, namely, galvanic skin response, heart rate, and electromyogram, and the use of supervised classification techniques by means of Gaussian processes. It aims at detecting the emotional impact of a video clip in a new way by first identifying emotional events in the affective stream (fast increase of the subject excitation) and then by giving the associated binary valence (positive or negative) of each detected event. The study was conducted to be as close as possible to realistic conditions by especially minimizing the use of active calibrations and considering on-the-fly detection. Furthermore, the influence of each physiological modality is evaluated through three different key-scenarios (mono-user, multi-user and extended multi-user) that may be relevant for consumer applications. A complete description of the experimental protocol and processing steps is given. The performances of the detector are evaluated on manually labeled sequences, and its robustness is discussed considering the different single and multi-user contexts.
특집 2 : 2009, 아시아 영화의 새로운 발견 ; 세계화 속의 아시아 영화: 지역성 안에서의 일상성의 발견 (2009)

이 연구의 목적은 세계화 속에서 아시아 영화가 재현하는 일상성을 탐구하고자 한다. 일상성이라는 미시적 생활세계를 탐구한 감독들이 어떻게 작품 속에서 일상성을 발견하고 드러내는지를 살피려는 것이다. 현상학적·해석학적 접근을 통해 해명해 보고자 하는 감독들은 구로자와 아키라, 오즈 야스지로, 허우 샤오시엔과 장초치, 그리고 차오밍량인데, 이들의 영화를 통해 세계화라는 맥락 속에서 아시아 영화가 재현하는 일상성의 특징들이 일상성과 본래성과의 대립, 안온한 일상성에 대한 수용, 역사성과 교차하는 일상성, 세계화와 지역화 사이에서의 후기 근대적 공간성으로서의 일상성과 일상성에 대한 저항으로 해명됨을 살펴보았다. 특별히 오즈 야스지로 이후에 아시아의 지역성에 기반한 일상성 해명이 본격적으로 이루어지되, 오리엔탈리즘을 넘어 아시아적 맥락 속에서 각자 특이한 방식으로 생활 세계의 일상성을 드러냄을 제시하였다. 다시 말해서 탈역사적인 일상성과 역사성과 겹치는 일상성, 저항적인 일상성 해명 등 각각의 특징은 다르지만 나름대로 일상성을 해명하면서 아시아의 다층적인 생활세계를 드러냄을 제시하였다.
Finding the Best Epistemic Fit for International Criminal Tribunals: Beyond the Adversarial-Inquisitorial Dichotomy (2009)

This article considers how well evidentiary processes within the international criminal tribunals match up to the challenge to provide fair and reliable verdicts. Rather than using the adversarial–inquisitorial dichotomy as the basis for exploring this question, the article takes as its reference point the well recognized norms of equality of arms and the right to adversarial procedure. It is argued that although the tribunals have met the minimum standards of fairness required by these norms, the combination of adversarial party presentation and free admission of evidence, within an evidentiary context in which it is difficult for the defence to make their own inquiries, has restricted defence access to information and its ability to challenge evidence. The article goes on to argue that some of these shortcomings have been addressed within the International Criminal Court by the establishment of a Pre-Trial Chamber but that the Chamber needs to be developed further to promote a truly participative approach to fact-finding between the parties.
Improving sulfur recovery at Ram River (1983)

The testing of CRS-31 catalyst has so far indicated a high percent hydrolysis of COS/CS/sub 2/. With future bed change-outs, the overall plant efficiency is aimed at 99.3%, with a yearly average of 99.1%. Future work will be required as the acid-gas-feed composition is reduced to a projected 50/50 mixture (H/sub 2/S/CO/sub 2/) by the year 2000. However, if this continued approach is used, the plant may be spared the cost of a new generation tail gas unit. The work to-date has proven effective. Capital cost has been less than $0.5 million. Sulfur plant recovery has improved from 98.1% to 98.6% on an annual basis. The continued approach is expected to increase the annual average to 98.8% for 1983 and 99% by 1985.
II. Yeast sequencing reports. The sequence of a 32 420 bp segment located on the right arm of chromosome II fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1994)

The sequence of a 32,420 bp segment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II has been deduced. The sequence data revealed 19 potential new genes covering 83.5% of the sequence. Four genes had already been cloned and sequenced: part of RIF1, DPB3, MRP-L27 and SNF5. Besides these four genes, 15 open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 amino acids encoding potential new genes were identified. Two of these ORFs are overlapping and a third is located within another ORF. The putative gene product of ORF YBR2039 was homologous to the group of uncoupling proteins involved in the mitochondrial energy transfer system. We propose a remapping of the MRP-L27 gene encoding the mitoribosomal protein YmL27 as it previously has been mapped on chromosome X. The ORF YBR2020 has a strong homology with a 31.9% identity in a 473 amino acid region to the yeast gene SEC61, suggesting that YBR2020 is a new gene encoding a protein involved in translocation of proteins in the yeast cell. Six of the potential genes do not exhibit any significant homology to previously sequenced genes as predicted in the Fast A analysis.
Handheld routers: intelligent bandwidth aggregation for mobile collaborative communities (2004)

Multi-homed, mobile wireless computing and communication devices can spontaneously form communities to logically combine and share the bandwidth of each other's wide-area communication links using inverse multiplexing. But membership in such a community can be highly dynamic, as devices and their associated WAN links randomly join and leave the community. We identify the issues and tradeoffs faced in designing a decentralized inverse multiplexing system in this challenging setting, and determine precisely how heterogeneous WAN links should be characterized, and when they should be added to, or deleted from, the shared pool. We then propose methods of choosing the appropriate channels on which to assign newly-arriving application flows. Using video traffic as a motivating example, we demonstrate how significant performance gains can be realized by adapting allocation of the shared WAN channels to specific application requirements. Our simulation and experimentation results show that collaborative bandwidth aggregation systems are, indeed, a practical and compelling means of achieving high-speed Internet access for groups of wireless computing devices beyond the reach of public or private access points.
Contact Recommendations from Aggegrated On-Line Activity. (2010)

Abstract. We describe a system for recommending people to contact based on similar interests and activities as part of a company-wide social networking site. Our contact recommendation service aggregates input from multiple on-line data sources and combines them using a Bayesian noisy-MAX function to generate a rating of the overall match between two users. The system is running as part of an experimental social networking site at MITRE. We present the results of a preliminary evaluation in which we compare the recommendations to existing friend relationships. 1
Development of a geometry‐based respiratory motion– simulating patient model for radiation treatment dosimetry (2008)

Temporal and spatial anatomical changes caused by respiration during radiation treatment delivery can lead to discrepancies between the prescribed and actually received radiation doses. This paper presents a study to construct a respiratory-motion-simulating, four-dimensional (4D) patient anatomical and dosimetry model for the study of dosimetric effects of organ motion on various radiation treatment plans and delivery strategies. A 3D VIP-Man (VIsible Photographic Man) model has been reconstructed using the Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) method to reflect the deformation of organs during respiration by manipulating surface control points as time-dependent equations. The 4D model is applied to dose simulation using the Monte Carlo code EGS4 (Electron Gamma Shower, version 4). Two delivery scenarios in radiation therapy were simulated: "gating" treatment and 4D "image-guided" treatment. For each delivery scenario, one conformal plan and one Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) plan were developed. A lesion in the left lung was modeled to investigate the impact of respiratory motion on radiation dose distributions. Based on target dose volume histograms (DVHs), it is demonstrated that it is important to use accurate "gating" to improve the dose distribution. The results also suggest that, during a 4D "image-guided" treatment delivery, monitoring of patient breathing pattern is critical. This study demonstrates the potential of using "standard" motion-simulating patient model for 4D treatment planning and motion management.
Revival of femtosecond laser plasma filaments in air by a nanosecond laser (2009)

Short lived plasma channels generated through filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses in air can be revived after several milliseconds by a delayed nanosecond pulse. Electrons initially ionized from oxygen molecules and subsequently captured by neutral oxygen molecules provide the long-lived reservoir of low affinity allowing this process. A Bessel-like nanosecond-duration laser beam can easily detach these weakly bound electrons and multiply them in an avalanche process. We have experimentally demonstrated such revivals over a channel length of 50 cm by focusing the nanosecond laser with an axicon.
Drag reducing polymers improve coronary flow reserve through modulation of capillary resistance (2009)

We have shown that drag-reducing polymers (DRP) reduce microvascular resistance and improve myocardial perfusion during coronary stenosis. We used myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and mathematical modeling to define the DRP microvascular effects. A non-flow-limiting left anterior descending (LAD) stenosis was created in 8 dogs. Intramyocardial blood volume, RBC velocity and flow in the LAD and circumflex (CX) beds were obtained from MCE at baseline, and in hyperemia, stenosis, hyperemia + stenosis, and hyperemia + stenosis + DRP. Microvascular resistances were calculated from a lumped-parameter model. During stenosis + hyperemia, LAD bed microvascular resistance increased (p<0.015), and capillary volume (p<0.002) and red cell velocity (p<0.0004) decreased relative to baseline. With DRP, during stenosis and hyperemia, LAD bed microvascular resistance decreased (p<0.04); there was an increase in capillary volume (p<0.007), RBC velocity (p<0.006), and flow (p<0.05). Decreased model-computed capillary resistance accounted for the reduction in LAD bed resistance after DRP. We conclude that DRP improve flow reserve during coronary stenosis by modulating capillary resistance. Primary modification of the rheological properties of blood to affect capillary resistance is a novel approach for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes.
Critical evaluation of analytical methods for the determination of trace elements in various matrices: Part I - Determination of selenium in biological materials and water (1984)

Abstract
Effects of prelayers on minority-carrier lifetime in GaAs/AlGaAs double heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1984)

From room-temperature measurements of the photoluminescence decay time, values for the sum of the interface recombination velocities in a series of GaAs/AlGaAs double heterostructures have been obtained. The effects of various combinations of prelayers of GaAs and AlGaAs have been investigated and we show that it is possible to reduce the sum of the interface recombination velocities to as low as 60 cm/s.
PLASMA URATE AND SERUM DEOXYCYTIDYLATE DEAMINASE MEASUREMENTS FOR THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA (1978)

The John Radcliffe Hospital. Oxford. England. Bronglais General Hospital, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, and The Radcliffe Infirmary. Oxford
Use of minimum-adder multiplier blocks in FIR digital filters (1995)

The computational complexity of VLSI digital filters using fixed point binary multiplier coefficients is normally dominated by the number of adders used in the implementation of the multipliers. It has been shown that using multiplier blocks to exploit redundancy across the coefficients results in significant reductions in complexity over methods using canonic signed-digit (CSD) representation, which in turn are less complex than standard binary representation. Three new algorithms for the design of multiplier blocks are described: an efficient modification to an existing algorithm, a new algorithm giving better results, and a hybrid of these two which trades off performance against computation time. Significant savings in filter implementation cost over existing techniques result in all three cases. For a given wordlength, it was found that a threshold set size exists above which the multiplier block is extremely likely to be optimal. In this region, design computation time is substantially reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of Optical MUX/DEMUX on Silicon Optical Bench—Assembly Accuracies (2009)

An optical subassembly of MUX/DEMUX where optical devices are hybrid-integrated on a silicon optical bench (SiOB) using a passive alignment method is reported. A tight tolerance of positional and tilting angular accuracy is required for optical devices attachment in order to maximize the coupling efficiency. The critical positioning transverse to the optical axis merely depends on the symmetry, and accuracy of the position and shape of trenches. Any inaccuracy primarily affects the noncritical positioning, i.e., <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> -axis and thetas <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> , in the direction along the optical axis; misalignment accumulated and causes undesired insertion loss. All the piece parts, i.e., mirror, thin-film filters (TFFs), ball lens, SiOB, etc., have a defined tolerance in their dimensions and surfaces which increases the challenge in achieving high placement accuracy along the optical axis. The effects from these inherent inaccuracies of the position and shape of trenches and piece parts could be minimized by optimizing the adhesive volume, improve the bottom flatness, proper procedure selection. Misalignment at each axis, e.g., <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> -, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> -, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> -, thetas <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> , thetas <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> , and thetas <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</i> was characterized and its effect to the coupling efficiency was discussed.
k-Space image correlation spectroscopy: theory, verification, and applications (2008)

This thesis is about the use and development of new fluorescence correlation techniques to measure the dynamics, number density, and aggregation state of fluorescently labelled proteins in living cells. An extensive investigation of the accuracy and precision of temporal image correlation spectroscopy (TICS) is presented first. Using computer simulations of laser scanning microscopy image time series, the effect of spatiotemporal sampling, particle density, noise, and photobleaching of fluorophores on the recovery of transport coefficients and number densities by TICS is investigated. It is shown that photobleaching of the fluorophore can significantly perturb TICS measurements. The theory of k-space image correlation spectroscopy (kICS) is then developed in detail. kICS involves Fourier transforming each image in an image series, and then correlating these transforms, in time. This technique measures the number density, diffusion coefficient, and velocity of fluorescently labelled macromolecules in a cell membrane. In contrast to r-space correlation techniques, we show kICS can recover accurate dynamics even in the presence of complex fluorophore photobleaching and/or "blinking." We use simulations as a proof-of-principle to show that number densities and transport coefficients can be extracted using this technique. We present calibration measurements with fluorescent microspheres imaged on a confocal microscope, which recover Stokes-Einstein diffusion coefficients, and flow velocities that agree with single particle tracking measurements. The wide applicability of the technique is shown by imaging cells transfected with fluorescent protein, and quantum dot (QD) labelled cells on two-photon and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopes. Finally, kICS is used to measure immune T cell receptor (TCR) clustering in live cells using QDs as labels. kICS quantifies the aggregation of TCR by two different approaches. The first uses spatial intensity fluctuat
Modelling the Mechanical Properties of Single Suspension-Cultured Tomato Cells (2004)

The linear elastic model is very suitable for estimating wall Young's modulus from micromanipulation experiments on single tomato cells. This is a powerful method for determining cell wall material properties.
Nanoparticle metrology standards based on the time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of silica colloids (2009)

We demonstrate nanoparticle size measurement using time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy decay in relation to establishing a nanometrology standard. The rotational correlation time equivalent to the isotropic Brownian rotation of a fluorescent 6-methoxyquinolinium dye attached to amorphous silica nanoparticles was determined in three different LUDOXLUDOX is a registered trademark of DuPont Corporation. colloids from the complex fluorescence anisotropy decay observed. Once competing depolarization and nanoparticle aggregation had been taken into account, good agreement was found of 4.0 ± 0.4 nm, 6.4 ± 0.5 nm and 11.0 ± 1.6 nm corresponding to the manufacturer's reported particle radii of 3.5 nm, 6 nm and 11 nm, for LUDOX SM30, AM30 and AS40 respectively. We describe the measurement science required for acquisition and interpretation of fluorescence anisotropy decay data in order to determine nanoparticle size while highlighting the limitations and useful range of measurement.
Graph Theoretic and Motif Analyses of the Hippocampal Neuron Type Potential Connectome (2016)

We computed the potential connectivity map of all known neuron types in the rodent hippocampal formation by supplementing scantly available synaptic data with spatial distributions of axons and dendrites from the open-access knowledge base Hippocampome.org. The network that results from this endeavor, the broadest and most complete for a mammalian cortical region at the neuron-type level to date, contains more than 3200 connections among 122 neuron types across six subregions. Analyses of these data using graph theory metrics unveil the fundamental architectural principles of the hippocampal circuit. Globally, we identify a highly specialized topology minimizing communication cost; a modular structure underscoring the prominence of the trisynaptic loop; a core set of neuron types serving as information-processing hubs as well as a distinct group of particular antihub neurons; a nested, two-tier rich club managing much of the network traffic; and an innate resilience to random perturbations. At the local level, we uncover the basic building blocks, or connectivity patterns, that combine to produce complex global functionality, and we benchmark their utilization in the circuit relative to random networks. Taken together, these results provide a comprehensive connectivity profile of the hippocampus, yielding novel insights on its functional operations at the computationally crucial level of neuron types.
Continuous code-quality assurance with SAFE (2006)

This paper presents the design of SAFE (Scalable and Flexible Error Detection), a static analysis tool targeting lightweight program verification and bug finding for Java. The tool utilizes two types of analysis: a simple "structural" checker based on pattern-matching, and an interprocedural flow-sensitive dataflow solver which integrates typestate checking and alias analysis. We describe how the tool integrates into a team development platform for analysis of batch builds, and user interface support built on the Eclipse platform.
Effect of Exogenous Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Internal Levels of the Respective Auxins and Their Conjugation with Aspartic Acid during Adventitious Root Formation in Pea Cuttings (1991)

The influence of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the internal levels of these auxins was studied during the first 4 days of adventitious root formation in cuttings of Pisum sativum L. The quantitations were done by high performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometric detection. IBA, identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was found to naturally occur in this plant material. The root inducing ability of exogenous IBA was superior to that of IAA. The IAA level in the tissue increased considerably on the first day after application of IAA, but rapidly decreased again, returning to a level twice the control by day 3. The predominant metabolic route was conjugation with aspartic acid, as reflected by the increase in the level of indole-3-acetylaspartic acid. The IBA treatment resulted in increases in the levels of IBA, IAA, and indole-3-acetylaspartic acid. The IAA content rapidly returned to control levels, whereas the IBA level remained high throughout the experimental period. High amounts of indole-3-butyrylaspartic acid were found in the tissue after feeding with IBA. The identity of the conjugate was confirmed by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance and GC-MS. IBA was much more stable in solution than IAA. No IAA was detected after 48 hours, whereas 70% IBA was still recovered after this time. The relatively higher root inducing ability of IBA is ascribed to the fact that its level remained elevated longer than that of IAA, even though IBA was metabolized in the tissue. Adventitious root formation is discussed on the basis of these findings.