gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An enhanced virtual carrier mechanism for MANET with multi rate traffic subdomains (2013)

Tremendous research effort has been made to reduce the idle time on the wireless medium of mobile adhoc network. Tradeoff among idle channel, collision and throughput was always a challenge. Hidden terminal problem creates collisions. On the other hand exposed terminal problem makes channel unnecessarily idle. Standard virtual carrier mechanism and many other alternative proposals for solving these problems make the unnecessary overhead on the nodes and delay in the network. Many of these schemes depend on the packet size to decide on a prior RTS/CTS exchange before sending data packets. In this paper we propose an enhanced virtual carrier scheme taking in to account the traffic around the nodes instead of packet size. The modified scheme splits the network virtually in to different traffic subdomains. Direct data packet transmission is allowed in low traffic scenarios. Prior RTS/CTS is exchanged only in high traffic subdomains irrespective of the data packet size. In traffic subdomains between low and high either direct transmission or prior RTS/CTS exchange is made depends on the previous subdomain of the node. We evaluated standard RTS/CTS scheme and other recent proposals and compared with our proposal. We measured the performance of our scheme against different performance metrics. Simulation result shows that our scheme outperforms the standard one in various scenarios. The outperformance of the proposed scheme is the outcome of a realistic assumption of low probability for hidden terminals in a low traffic subdomains compared to high traffic subdomains, instead of the unrealistic and pessimistic assumption of ubiquitous hidden terminals throughout the network.
Senegal (1989)

Anhaltende Schüler- und Studentenstreiks sowie schwere Unruhen in Dakar überschatteten die Parlaments- und Präsidentschaftswahlen, die vielfach als Test für das Funktionieren eines Mehrparteiensystems in Afrika angesehen wurden. Wahlsieger waren zwar, wie erwartet, die PS und ihr Präsidentschaftskandidat A. Diouf, doch konnte die PDS (Parti Démocratique Sénégalais) als wichtigste Oppositionspartei beachtliche Stimmengewinne erzielen, was als Ausdruck der Unzufriedenheit mit der vom IWF bestimmten Wirtschaftspolitik und der daraus resultierenden Verschlechterung der Lebensbedingungen v.a. der städtischen Bevölkerung gewertet wurde. Die Verlängerung des Ausnahmezustandes und die Verhaftung mehrerer Oppositionspolitiker, die im April vor das Staatssicherheitsgericht gestellt wurden, bildeten die Antwort der Regierung auf die Ausschreitungen nach den Wahlen. Ein Bemühen um Einlenken zeigte sich im Mai in der Herabsetzung der Preise für einige Grundnahrungsmittel, der Verkündung einer Amnestie für die verurteilten Oppositionspolitiker sowie für Separatisten aus der Casamance und der Einladung an alle Parteien zu einem Rundgespräch, bei dem die Probleme des Landes erörtert werden sollten. Obwohl es Mitte Juli ergebnislos vertagt wurde, zeigte sich gegen Jahresende eine gewisse Entspannung der innenpolitischen Situation. Eine Änderung der wirtschaftspolitischen Orientierung und ein Abweichen vom IWF-Programm lehnte Präsident Diouf als “Selbstmord” ab.
All-optical frequency down-conversion based on cross-phase modulation in high nonlinearity dispersion-shifted fiber for WDM radio over fiber application (2009)

Simultaneous all-optical frequency down-conversion technique based on cross-phase modulation in a high nonlinearity dispersion-shifted fiber is proposed and verified by simulation, and its application to a wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) radio over fiber (ROF) is proposed. Error-free simultaneous all-optical frequency down-conversion of the 16 WDM ROF upstream channels is achieved. The simulated results show the performance of WDM signals is in good accordance with a single signal without any interference, and the power difference of two beat frequencies of the down-conversion signal is independent of the optical local oscillator power. The wavelength span of larger than 20 nm for down-conversion signal can be obtained.
Evaluation of Bivalirudin-Associated Major Adverse Cardiac and Hemorrhagic Events in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients on Chronic Dialysis Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. (2021)

Bivalirudin was associated with fewer bleeding events following PCI in individuals with end-stage renal disease on dialysis.
Remote optical observation of biomass burning: A feasibility and experimental case study with the SIM.GA hyperspectral system (2011)

In this article, the feasibility of detecting fire fronts from biomass burning, using the HYPER/SIM.GA system (Galileo Avionica Multisensor Hyperspectral System), has been tested. This system includes two hyperspectral optical heads, in the Visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and Short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands, providing complete spectral coverage from the visible (0.4 μm) to the thermal infrared (24 μm) bands. We revised the strategies to detect the fire front from hyperspectral data. We found that the radiance emitted by potassium atoms (K) at 766.5 and 769.9 nm, electronically excited during biomass burning, can be usefully exploited to detect the fire front. A study has been made, in order to verify the sensitivity of this feature to biomass composition, fire temperature and visibility. A typical scenario, in which a wildland fire takes place, has been simulated. Simulated data have been compared with real data, confirming the feasibility of this approach to detect the fire front. This approach is advantageous, both from the economic and operative viewpoints, with respect to classical remote sensing for fire detection, usually based on the Planck emission at thermal bands.
Next-Generation Phage Display: Integrating and Comparing Available Molecular Tools to Enable Cost-Effective High-Throughput Analysis (2009)

Our analyses demonstrates that whereas this approach correlates with the traditional colony-counting, it is also capable of a much larger sampling, allowing a faster, less expensive, more accurate and consistent analysis of phage enrichment. Overall, qPhage plus pyrosequencing is superior to TU-counting plus Sanger sequencing and is proposed as the method of choice over a broad range of phage display applications in vitro, in cells, and in vivo.
Zur Geschichte der Vektorkardiographie (1969)

Schon Einthoven und seine Mitarbeiter zeigten im Jahre 1913 Richtung und Größe elektrischer Potentialveränderungen mit Hilfe von 10 Punkten an und erhielten damit eigentlich ein Vkg der Frontalebene (196). Im Jahre 1914 konnte Williams mit Hilfe zweier gleichzeitig registrierter Ableitungen zeigen, daß die Spitzen der R-Zacken in den Standardableitungen nicht gleichzeitig auftreten und erklärte diese Tatsache mit dem vektoriellen Charakter der im Herzen entstehenden elektrischen Kräfte (695). Fahr erkannte im Jahre 1920 auf Grund vektorkardiographischer Analysen den damals bestehenden Irrtum hinsichtlich der Lokalisation von Schenkelblocken (206). Mann konstruierte 1920 das „Monokardiogramm“, das eine ziemlich glatte Kurve darstellte und von ihm als „Kombination der drei Ekg-Ableitungen in einer einzigen Kurve” bezeichnet wurde (406). Dieser Autor sah auch voraus, daß aus Ableitungen in der Transversalebene ein „transversales Monokardiogramm“ konstruiert werden könnte. Er veröffentlichte „Monokardiogramme” von Links- und Rechtshypertrophierl, sowie von Kammerextrasystolen. Mann verwendete — als erster — auch schon eine Apparatur, die auf optisch-magnetischem Wege Vektoren darstellte, wobei aber noch große technische Schwierigkeiten vorhanden waren. Auf die Bedeutung der Berücksichtigung der im Raume erfolgenden Potentialveränderungen wies Holzmann schon seit dem Jahre 1932 hin, indem er die Verwendung einer dorsoventralen Ableitung empfahl (290).
Emerging Growth Companies Under the JOBS Act: An Analysis of the “IPO On-Ramp”, 3 J. Marshall Global Mkt. L.J. 63 (2014) (2014)

Since 2008, the United States has been faced with a “jobless recovery” which can be attributed in part to a decline in new business creation. To study the link between small companies’ access to markets and creation of jobs, the IPO Task Force was created. The IPO Task Force conducted research and set forth various findings regarding the correlation between emerging growth companies and job creation. The IPO Task Force also attributed a decline in IPO activity to the complex regulatory environment. Accepting these findings, and in response, the JOBS Act passed with surprisingly high bipartisan support. The JOBS Act incorporated certain reduced regulatory barriers including, but not limited to, the special designation of “emerging growth company” status, reduced disclosure and accounting requirements, as well as increased access to reports, and confidential review of draft registration statements. This Article conducts further in-depth analysis as to these standards. In addition, this Article presents varying opinions as to the JOBS Act, as well as research conducted as to its effects. This Article concludes that the research presented thus far yields mixed results, but remains optimistic that the promise of a growing economy, coupled with the passage of time, will determine the effectiveness of the JOBS Act.
Interfacial Reaction and Joint Strength of the Sn-58Bi Solder Paste with ENIG Surface Finished Substrate (2012)

Sn-Bi eutectic alloy has been widely used as one of the key solder materials for step soldering at low temperature. The Sn-58Bi solder paste containing chloride flux was adopted to compare with that using the chloride-free flux. The paste was applied on the electroless nickel-immersion gold (ENIG) surface finish by stencil printing, and the reflow process was then performed at <TEX>$170^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 10 min. After reflow, the solder joints were aged at <TEX>$125^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 100, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 h in an oven. The interfacial microstructures were obtained by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the composition of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) was analyzed using energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Two different IMC layers, consisting of <TEX>$Ni_3Sn_4$</TEX> and relatively very thin Sn-Bi-Ni-Au were formed at the solder/surface finish interface, and their thickness increased with increasing aging time. The wettability of solder joints was investigated by wetting balance test. The mechanical property of each aging solder joint was evaluated by the ball shear test in accordance with JEDEC standard (JESD22-B117A). The results show that the highest shear force was measured when the aging time was 100 h, and the fracture mode changed from ductile fracture to brittle fracture with increasing aging time. On the other hand, the chloride flux in the solder paste did not affect the shear force and fracture mode of the solder joints.
Self-Managing Sensor-Based Middleware for Performance Monitoring and Data Integration in Grids (2005)

This paper describes a sensor-based middleware for performance monitoring and data integration in the grid that is capable of self-management. The middleware unifies both system and application monitoring in a single system, storing various types of monitoring and performance data in decentralized storages, and providing a uniform interface to access that data. We have developed event-driven and demand-driven sensors to support rule-based monitoring and data integration. Grid service-based operations and TCP-based data delivery are exploited to balance tradeoffs between interoperability, flexibility and performance. Peer-to-peer features have been integrated into the middleware, enabling self-managing capabilities, supporting group-based and automatic data discovery, data query and subscription of performance and monitoring data.
The effects of thrombopoietin on megakaryocyte-cfc, megakaryocytes, and thrombopoiesis: with studies of ploidy and platelet size. (1982)

The effects of partially purified thrombopoietin (TPO), prepared from the plasma of thrombocytopenic rabbits, upon megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (Meg-CFC), megakaryocytes, and platelets were evaluated. The thrombopoiesis-stimulating activity of both types of preparations of TPO used was established by their ability to increase the levels of selenomethionine- 75Se ( 75SeM) in the circulating platelets of mice, as described previously. TPO did not increase the frequency or total numbers of Meg-CFC or granulocyte-macrophage-CFC (GM-CFC) in the bone marrow or spleen of recipient mice. Similarly, the addition of TPO directly to 0.3% agar cultures of bone marrow or splenic cells did not alter the frequency of either Meg-CFC or GM-CFC, although in some experiments, concentrations greater than required to stimulate thrombopoiesis in vivo were used. TPO did not enhance the ability of suboptimal concentrations of spleen conditioned medium to support colony growth. Human erythropoietin (EPO) at concentrations from 0.6 U/ml to 8 U/ml, in vitro, did not increase the frequency of bone marrow or splenic Meg-CFC or GM-CFC. As previously reported, two types of megakaryocyte colonies were present in soft agar cultures. The proportion of 16N cells was significantly increased in the more mature appearing, big cell colonies derived from mice that had previously received thrombopoietin. There was no detectable change in the ploidy of heterogeneous colonies. Addition of TPO directly to cultures produced a slight, but not statistically significant increase in the proportion of 16N, 32N, and 64N megakaryocytes in big cell colonies. Although 16N megakaryocytes remained the most common ploidy group among recognizable megakaryocytes in the bone marrow of mice that had received TPO, there was an increase in the proportion of 32N and 64N megakaryocytes. Both preparations of TPO significantly increased the mean platelet volume of recipient mice, although the platelet counts remained unchanged. Similar protein fractions, prepared from the plasma of normal donors, did not increase levels of 75SeM in circulating platelets or increase mean platelet volume. Our data indicate that thrombopoietin produces a variety of effects, some of them perhaps indirect, on megakaryocyte precursors, megakaryocytes, and platelets.
Ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von integrierten Taschenklappen für künstliche Blutpumpen - A New Technique for Manufacturing Integrated Leaflet Valves for Artificial Blood Pumps (1978)

Article Ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von integrierten Taschenklappen für künstliche Blutpumpen - A New Technique for Manufacturing Integrated Leaflet Valves for Artificial Blood Pumps was published on January 1, 1978 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 23, issue 7-8).
Specific binding and metabolism of (-)- and (+)-[3H]-nicotine in isolated rat hepatocytes and hepatocyte membranes. (1985)

The specific binding of (-)- and (+)-[3H]-nicotine, as well as their relative rates of metabolism, were investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes and hepatocyte membranes. A Scatchard plot of both [3H]-enantiomers revealed two components, with the higher affinity site having Kd values of 2 X 10(-10) and 3 X 10(-9) M and Bmax values of 5 X 10(-15) and 4 X 10(-15) moles/mg protein for the (-)- and (+)-enantiomers, respectively. The lower affinity site for both enantiomers had a Kd of 4 X 10(-9) M and Bmax of 5 X 10(-14) moles/mg protein. The pH optimum of binding was in the higher pH range, in contrast to brain membranes where the optimum was 6.5 involving the protonated form of nicotine. A good correlation was observed between the pharmacologic potency of a group of nicotine analogues and their ability to bind to intact and hepatocyte membranes. The rate of conversion of nicotine to cotinine in hepatocytes membranes. The rate of conversion of nicotine to cotinine in hepatocytes is related to the degree of binding and accumulation. The results are discussed in terms of the possible relationship of the nicotine binding and translocation to its metabolism.
Identification of neural crest derived cells within the cellular microenvironment of the human thymus employing a library of monoclonal antibodies raised against neuronal tissues. (1996)

The organization of optimal microenvironmental conditions within the developing thymus for lymphatic stem cell migration and their further maturation requires cellular and humoral participation of the neural crest. Recently, the immunophenotypical (IP) heterogeneity of lymphatic cells has become a scientific fact. Monoclonal antibodies (MoABs) produced against the various subpopulations of the reticulo-epithelial cells (RE) demonstrated their heterogeneity. We suggest that with a library of MoABs, raised against normal neuronal tissues, neural tumors, and a medulloblastoma cell line, including UJ13/A, UJ127.11, UJ167.11, UJ223.8, UJ308, J1153, A2B5, 215.D11, 275.G7, 282.1, antineurofilament (NF - med. m.w.), and anti-Thy-1 it is possible to recognize cells of neural crest origin within the postnatal thymic cellular microenvironment. Evidence has been collected concerning such connections between the nervous system and the thymus, such as the production of neuropeptides, oxytocin, and neurophysin by the thymus. Our immunohistochemical study was carried out on quick-frozen sections of human postnatal thymuses removed during open heart surgery, employing an indirect, alkaline phosphatase conjugated streptavidin-biotin technique. The employed MoABs reacted with the subcapsular (outer cortex) thymic nurse cells (TNCs) and with medullary RE cells, in close contact with already mature, immunocompetent T lymphocytes ready to leave the thymic microenvironment and enter the peripheral blood. The thymic medulla's strong immunoreactivity with A2B5, which binds to the GQ ganglioside, is typical for peptide secreting cells often migrated from the neural crest. A2B5+, Thy-1+ IP was demonstrated on the large TNCs. Cortical RE cells showed reactivity with UJ127.11, UJ223.8, and UJ308. Dense expression of neural crest antigens was detected in the Hassall's bodies (HBs) employing MoABs UJ223.8, UJ308, 215.D11, and 275.G7. These results suggest a neural crest origin for TNCs and for 20% to 30% of the cells of thymic microenvironment. The outer (peripheral) part of the HBs contained functionally very active RE cells. These RE cells also expressed antigens characteristic of the neural crest, detectable with MoABs UJ127.11, UJ223.8, UJ308, J1153, 215.D11, 275.G7 and A2B5.
Conformational Change Detection in Nonmetal Proteins by Direct Electrochemical Oxidation Using Diamond Electrodes (2008)

In this report, we established a new electrochemical method for the detection of conformational changes in large, non-metalloproteins such as bovine serum albumin, using flow injection analysis coupled with hydrogen-terminated, boron-doped diamond electrodes. The oxidation current was used as a signal reporter in the monitoring of urea-induced BSA denaturation. In the denatured state at high urea concentrations, the electrochemical signal increased, and the amperometric responses for the oxidation potential at 1300 mV were consistent with the results of conventional methods of denaturation monitoring using fluorescence spectroscopy. The oxidation involved at least five redox-active species (cysteine, tryptophan, tyrosine, methionine, and disulfide bonds). Furthermore, the method also showed high sensitivity for quantitative analysis of protein. A linear dynamic in the concentration range 50-400 microg/mL (r(2) = 0.977) with a lower detection limit of 190 ng/mL was achieved for BSA. Direct electrochemical detection of conformation changes of proteins using BDD electrodes can be performed with advantages in terms of simplicity and sensitivity.
Improving plane extraction from 3D data by fusing laser data and vision (2005)

The problem of extracting three-dimensional structures from data acquired with mobile robots has received considerable attention over the past years. Robots that are able to perceive their three-dimensional environment are envisioned to more robustly perform tasks like navigation, rescue, and manipulation. In this paper we present an approach that simultaneously uses color and range information to cluster 3D points into planar structures. Our current system also is able to calibrate the camera and the laser based on the remission values provided by the range scanner and the brightness of the pixels in the image. It has been implemented on a mobile robot equipped with a manipulator that carries a range scanner and a camera for acquiring colored range scans. Several experiments carried out on real data and in simulations demonstrate that our approach yields highly accurate results also in comparison with previous approaches.
Rewiring Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade by Positive Feedback Confers Potato Blight Resistance (2006)

Late blight, caused by the notorious pathogen Phytophthora infestans, is a devastating disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and during the 1840s caused the Irish potato famine and over one million fatalities. Currently, grown potato cultivars lack adequate blight tolerance. Earlier cultivars bred for resistance used disease resistance genes that confer immunity only to some strains of the pathogen harboring corresponding avirulence gene. Specific resistance gene-mediated immunity and chemical controls are rapidly overcome in the field when new pathogen races arise through mutation, recombination, or migration from elsewhere. A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a pivotal role in plant innate immunity. Here we show that the transgenic potato plants that carry a constitutively active form of MAPK kinase driven by a pathogen-inducible promoter of potato showed high resistance to early blight pathogen Alternaria solani as well as P. infestans. The pathogen attack provoked defense-related MAPK activation followed by induction of NADPH oxidase gene expression, which is implicated in reactive oxygen species production, and resulted in hypersensitive response-like phenotype. We propose that enhancing disease resistance through altered regulation of plant defense mechanisms should be more durable and publicly acceptable than engineering overexpression of antimicrobial proteins.
Narrowband interference suppression using filter-bank analysis/synthesis techniques (2003)

The authors consider the application of multirate digital filter banks to the suppression of narrowband interference in direct sequence spread spectrum. In addition to providing a general framework from which to study and design transform domain interference suppression systems, these banks are a particular time-frequency distribution, making them applicable to a larger class of jamming scenarios. The authors exploit the bank's perfect reconstruction property to mitigate on/off-type jammers. Quite practical filter banks are shown to provide near-perfect reconstruction while, due to superior filtering, effectively mitigating the spectral leakage problem with nearly complete removal of the interference. Bit error performance results are presented which demonstrate the superiority of the filter banks for a number of jamming scenarios. The mathematical-equivalent, computationally efficient processing structure known as polyphase filter networks is put forth and shown to possess only a slight complexity increase from windowed transform processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>