gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications Of IR-Fibers In Remote Gas-Spectroscopy (1987)

Applications of infrared transmitting fibers in the field of gas sensing devices are reviewed with particular emphasis to fluorozirconate materials. Promising performance parameters of IR-fiber-optical detection schemes are discussed in comparison to conventional techniques. Fibre requirements regarding geometrical data, spectral attenuation, mechanical as well as environmental durability for future applications are summarized. Currently available fluorozirconate fibers have been experimentally characterized. Methane and carbon dioxid have been remotely measured using IR-fibers coupled to a Fourier spectrometer.
Phosphorus-substituted nitroxides. 3. Hyperconjugative ability of carbon-phosphorus bonds in five-membered ring nitroxides (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus-substituted nitroxides. 3. Hyperconjugative ability of carbon-phosphorus bonds in five-membered ring nitroxidesPaul Tordo, Marc Boyer, Alain Friedmann, Odette Santero, and Louis PujolCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1978, 82, 15, 1742–1744Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100504a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j100504a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Energy-efficient wireless sensor network design and implementation for condition-based maintenance (2007)

A new application architecture is designed for continuous, real-time, distributed wireless sensor networks. We develop a wireless sensor network for machinery condition-based maintenance (CBM) in small machinery spaces using commercially available products. We develop a hardware platform, networking architecture, and medium access communication protocol. We implement a single-hop sensor network to facilitate real-time monitoring and extensive data processing for machine monitoring. A new radio battery consumption model is presented and the battery consumption equation is used to select the most suitable topology and design an energy efficient communication protocol for wireless sensor networks. A new streamlined matrix formulation is developed that allows the base station to compute the best periodic sleep times for all the nodes in the network. We combine scheduling and contention to design a hybrid MAC protocol, which achieves 100% collision avoidance by using our modified RTS-CTS contention mechanism known as UC-TDMA protocol. A LabVIEW graphical user interface is described that allows for signal processing, including FFT, various moments, and kurtosis. A wireless CBM sensor network implementation on a heating and air conditioning plant is presented as a case study.
Threshold Selector With High Selectivity and Steep Slope for Cross-Point Memory Array (2015)

In this letter, we demonstrated a new type of threshold selector with excellent electrical characteristics for cross-point memory array. The proposed Ag/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based threshold selector device showed high selectivity (~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> ) and steep slope (<;5 mV/decade). The observed threshold switching in programmable metallization cell device occurred due to the spontaneous rupturing of silver (Ag) filament. The Ag ionization to minimize the steric repulsion between Ag and surrounding TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> electrolyte was the main origin of the spontaneous rupture.
Synthetic Polysaccharide Type 3-Related Di-, Tri-, and Tetrasaccharide–CRM <sub>197</sub> Conjugates Induce Protection against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Type 3 in Mice (2001)

Di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides, synthesized according to the chemical structure of pneumococcal polysaccharide type 3 (PS3), were coupled to the cross-reactive material (CRM(197)) of modified diphtheria toxin in different molar carbohydrate/protein ratios using the squarate coupling method. To study protective immunity, female BALB/c mice were subcutaneously immunized twice (with a 3-week interval) using the amount of conjugates corresponding to 2.5 microg of oligosaccharide per mouse. The conjugates evoked PS3 binding immunoglobulin G antibodies that lasted for at least 7 weeks after the booster. Immunogenicity was not influenced by the carbohydrate/protein ratio. All mice with PS3-specific antibodies survived the intraperitoneal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3. Therefore, synthetic oligosaccharide-protein conjugates might have potential as vaccines.
Biocompatible and degradable nanogels via oxidation reactions of synthetic thiomers in inverse miniemulsion (2009)

We present the preparation of degradable and biocompatible nanohydrogels from thiol-functional macromers. Linear poly(glycidol) and star-shaped poly(ethylene oxide-stat-propylene oxide) with molecular weights below 15 kDa were functionalized with thiol groups by polymer-analogous reaction and crosslinked in inverse miniemulsion. Particle size was determined by dynamic light scattering, cryo-field emission scanning electron microscopy and scanning force microscopy. The disulfide crosslinked particles readily degrade on addition of 10 mM aqueous glutathione solution what resembles cytosolic conditions. Biocompatibility has been proven by incubation of L929 fibroblasts with nanogels for 24 and 72 h followed by life-dead staining. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.]
Recovering lead from cathode ray tube funnel glass by mechano-chemical extraction in alkaline solution (2013)

This study evaluates the efficiency of lead (Pb) extraction from cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass in strongly alkaline solution using mechanical activation in a ball mill as the chemical breakage and defects formed in the inner structures will contribute to the easy dissolution of the activated Pb glass. The combination of mechanical activation and a chemical leaching process in a single operation (mechano-chemical leaching) is more effective than the mechanical activation and subsequent chemical leaching. More than 97% of Pb in the CRT funnel glass can be extracted with a stirring ball mill leaching process in 5 M sodium hydroxide at 70°C. The diameter of the stainless steel balls as the activation medium is 5 mm; the mass ratio of ball to raw materials is 25:1. Pb powder with a purity of 97% can be obtained by electrowinning from the leaching solution. The Pb-depleted solution can be recycled into the leaching step. After Pb is removed, the solid leaching residues can be used for preparation of foam glass. Thus, a novel hydrometallurgical process for recovering Pb from CRT funnel glass in alkaline solution is proposed.
Cellular and Molecular Biology During Spaceflight (2011)

While the International Space Station (ISS) offers the possibility of maintaining microorganisms, cells, and tissues, it does not possess the instrumentation and facilities required to perform modern (analytical) molecular biology techniques. In the near future and due to the lack of sample return capacity following shuttle retirement, state-of-the-art instrumentation enabling onsite acquisition of molecular data will be critically needed. Space-adapted technologies will also serve to develop in situ medical diagnostic tools for future manned spaceflights. The Canadian Space Agency has selected a few innovative technology platforms intrinsically endowed with a very high potential for supporting in situ biomolecular analysis and biodiagnostics. These systems were selected for their versatility, their potential as robust, portable and compact instruments, and their capacity to detect and quantify a large spectrum of macromolecules and biomarkers. This paper will focus on the development of a miniaturized fiber optic flow cytometer for space life science research and on-board medical diagnostic.
Progress in the Development of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus Vaccines (2003)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are leading causes of viral lower respiratory tract illness in children and in high-risk adult populations. Despite decades of research, licensed vaccines for RSV and hPIVs do not exist. Recently, however, genetically engineered live attenuated RSV and hPIV candidate vaccines have been generated, several of which are already being evaluated in clinical trials. Recombinant technology allows candidate vaccines to be "fine-tuned" in response to clinical data, which should hasten the development of vaccines against these important respiratory pathogens.
Einführung (2006)

DIN–Vorschriften, Zulassungen, Merkblätter gewährleisten kein schadenfreies Bauwerk.
Cache memory organization to enhance the yield of high performance VLSI processors (1989)

The authors study the tolerance of defects faults in cache memories. They argue that, even though the major components of a cache are linear RAMs (random-access memories), traditional techniques used for fault/defect tolerance in RAMs may be neither appropriate nor necessary for cache memories. They suggest a scheme that allows a cache to continue operation in the presence of defective/faulty blocks. Results are presented of an extensive trace-driven simulation analysis that evaluates the performance degradation of a cache due to defective blocks. From the results it is seen that the on-chip caches of VLSI processors can be organized so that the performance degradation due to a few defective blocks is negligible. The authors conclude that by tolerating such defects without a noticeable performance degradation, the yield of VLSI processors can be enhanced considerably.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Server side networking for cloud data centers (2012)

In an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) cloud service, service providers are required for providing a logical network per tenant. A VLAN has been generally used as an approach for providing logical network. However, in the VLAN approach, there is a lack of scalability. Moreover, if mission-critical applications run on a cloud system, it is important for service providers to provide the availability for cloud service. Therefore, in a cloud environment network, bandwidth control is needed to prevent the traffic of multiple tenants from interfering with each other. Also, route redundancy is required for protection against network failure. Conventionally, network equipment supports the above-mentioned network functions, but they are expensive. Therefore, the total cost of the network infrastructure is high, and this approach is not suitable for cloud services that provide IT resources at low cost. We propose using server side networking (SSN) as a method for implementing the above-mentioned network functions by leveraging low-cost commodity equipment. These network functions are implemented on the end host server as software; therefore, we can limit cost increase. We implemented tenant isolation, bandwidth control and route redundancy approaches on servers and evaluated their performances. As a result, almost no performance degradation or excessive CPU utilization was observed, even though network functions were implemented on servers.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">r</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">c</mml:mi></mml:math>macroscopic quantum interference in one-dimensional parallel Josephson junction arrays with unconventional grating structure (2000)

A theoretical study is presented for a number N of Josephson junctions connected as a one-dimensional (1D) parallel array in such a manner that there are $N\ensuremath{-}1$ individual superconducting loops with arbitrary shape formed. In the resistive array mode, for bias currents $I>{I}_{c},$ all Josephson junctions in the array oscillate at the same magnetic field dependent frequency ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{B}$ which is, in general, not a ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{c}$ function of the strength of magnetic field $\mathbf{B}.$ Within the range of validity of the resistively and capacitively shunted junction (RCSJ) model the periodicity of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{B}$ is controlled by the array geometry alone and does not depend on the distribution of the array junction parameters. In the overdamped junction regime, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{B}$ is for certain types of unconventional grating structures a unique function around a sharp global minimum at $\mathbf{B}=0.$ This filter property does not apply for regular gratings and superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID's). Computer simulations of the full nonlinear array dynamics reveal that the qualitative macroscopic quantum interference properties of unconventional arrays are governed, irrespective of the strength of inductive couplings, by a complex structure factor ${S}_{N}(\mathbf{B})$ which can be determined analytically. Also, the performance of magnetometers based on 1D arrays with unconventional grating structure can be significantly better than the performance of conventional SQUID's. In particular, 1D arrays with unconventional grating structure should provide a technically rather unsophisticated precision measurement of absolute strength and orientation of external magnetic fields.
The development and application of functional nuclear magnetic resonance to<i>in vivo</i>therapeutic anticancer research (2004)

A little over 30 years ago, Sir Godfrey Hounsfield and his colleagues revolutionized medical imaging by developing CT scanning. In recent years a combination of improved technology and a deeper understanding of tumour biology have led to the development of imaging based strategies aimed at interrogating tissue structure and function. The prospects of this new technology include the prediction of tumour response and the non-invasive study of conventionally inaccessible yet important pharmacological compartments. This article explores how functional nuclear MRI and spectroscopy have been used in predicting response to anticancer therapy in rectal cancers and to assess the biliary excretion of chemotherapeutics.
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Based on Novel Transient Signal in Household Appliances with Low Sampling Rate (2018)

Nowadays climate change problems have been more and more concerns and urgent in the real world. Especially, the energy power consumption monitoring is a considerate trend having positive effects in decreasing affecting climate change. Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is the best economic solution to solve the electrical consumption monitoring issue. NILM captures the electrical signals from the aggregate energy consumption, feature extraction from these signals and then learning and predicting the switch ON/OFF of appliances used these feature extracted. This paper proposed a NILM framework including data acquisition, data feature extraction, and classification model. The main contribution is to develop a new transient signal in a different aspect. The proposed transient signal is extracted from the active power signal in the low-frequency sampling rate. This transient signal is used to detect the event of household appliances. In household appliances event detection, we applied to Decision Tree and Long Short-Time Memory (LSTM) models. The average accuracies of these models achieved 92.64% and 96.85%, respectively. The computational and result experiments present the solution effectiveness for the accurate transient signal extraction in the electrical input signals.
Block-Checksum-Based Fault Tolerance for Matrix Multiplication on Large-Scale Parallel Systems (2018)

With the scaling up of high performance computers, resilience has become a big challenge. Among various kinds of software-based fault-tolerant approaches, the algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABFT) has some attractive characteristics in the era of exa-scale systems, such as high efficiency and light-weight. In particular, considering that many engineering and scientific applications rely on some fundamental algorithms, it is possible to provide algorithm-based fault-tolerant mechanisms in low level and make it application-independent. Previous fault-tolerant mechanisms for matrix computation use row and column checksums, which cannot be directly used in large-scale parallel systems. This paper proposes an algorithm-based fault tolerant approach for matrix multiplication on large-scale parallel systems. The mechanism uses block-checksum which not only meets the requirement of matrix computations on large-scale parallel systems but also reduces the overhead of fault-tolerance compared to traditional schemes based on row and column checksums. In addition, this paper gives method for choosing the size of blocks to achieve balance between accuracy and efficiency. The complexity analysis and examples demonstrate effectiveness and feasibility of our approach.
Spatial patterns of cutaneous vibration during whole-hand haptic interactions (2016)

We investigated the propagation patterns of cutaneous vibration in the hand during interactions with touched objects. Prior research has highlighted the importance of vibrotactile signals during haptic interactions, but little is known of how vibrations propagate throughout the hand. Furthermore, the extent to which the patterns of vibrations reflect the nature of the objects that are touched, and how they are touched, is unknown. Using an apparatus comprised of an array of accelerometers, we mapped and analyzed spatial distributions of vibrations propagating in the skin of the dorsal region of the hand during active touch, grasping, and manipulation tasks. We found these spatial patterns of vibration to vary systematically with touch interactions and determined that it is possible to use these data to decode the modes of interaction with touched objects. The observed vibration patterns evolved rapidly in time, peaking in intensity within a few milliseconds, fading within 20-30 ms, and yielding interaction-dependent distributions of energy in frequency bands that span the range of vibrotactile sensitivity. These results are consistent with findings in perception research that indicate that vibrotactile information distributed throughout the hand can transmit information regarding explored and manipulated objects. The results may further clarify the role of distributed sensory resources in the perceptual recovery of object attributes during active touch, may guide the development of approaches to robotic sensing, and could have implications for the rehabilitation of the upper extremity.
Low <i>V</i><sub>π</sub> Electrooptic Modulators from CLD-1:  Chromophore Design and Synthesis, Material Processing, and Characterization (2001)

A ring-locked, phenyltetraene-based, second-order nonlinear optical chromophore (CLD-1) was synthesized. It shows no drop in decomposition temperature compared to its phenyltriene analogue, while the molecular nonlinearity increases by a factor of 2.25 from 6252 × 10-48 to 14065 × 10-48 esu at 1.9 μm. Thin films and waveguide devices were prepared from CLD-1/PMMA and CLD-1/APC (an amorphous polycarbonate) composites to study its electrooptic (EO) activity, optical loss, and photostability. An average EO coefficient of 92 pm/V at 1.06 μm was achieved in a 25 wt % CLD-1/APC composite. Mach−Zender (MZ) modulators fabricated from CLD-1/APC showed good thermal stability, low optical loss, low modulation voltage, and high extinction ratio. The photochemical stability of the CLD-1/APC modulator can be dramatically improved by operating in an inert gas atmosphere. Evidence shows that the predominant photochemical degradation mechanism of the material in air at 1.55 μm is the reaction between oxygen and photoexcited polyene-based chromophores.
WCET Centric Data Allocation to Scratchpad Memory (2006)

Scratchpad memory is a popular choice for on-chip storage in real-time embedded systems. The allocation of code/data to scratchpad memory is performed at compile time leading to predictable memory access latencies. Current scratchpad memory allocation techniques improve the average-case execution time of tasks. For hard real-time systems, on the other hand, worst case execution time (WCET) is a key metric. In this paper, we propose scratchpad allocation techniques for data memory that aim to minimize a task's WCET. We first develop an integer linear programming (ILP) based solution which constructs the optimal allocation assuming that all program paths are feasible. Next, we employ branch-and-bound search to more accurately construct the optimal allocation by exploiting infeasible path information. However, the branch-and-bound search is too time-consuming in practice. Therefore, we design fast heuristic searches that achieve near-optimal allocations for all our benchmarks
The Effects of Brine Contamination on the Properties of Fine Grained Soils (1987)

Laboratory tests have been performed to investigate the effects of brine contamination on grain size distribution, relative density, liquid and plastic limits, hydraulic conductivity, dispersivity and the changes in the clay mineral double layers of remoulded Indian Head Till and Regina Clay samples. Remoulded till and clay samples and undisturbed insitu Regina Clay samples were used in salt diffusion studies. Utilizing Fick's second law of diffusion, a simple method has been proposed to evaluate the coefficients of diffusion of ions in clay layers. The results of the test program indicate that brine contamination has no discernable effect on grain size distribution and relative density of the two soils that were tested.
Case 15-2001 (2001)

Presentation of CaseA 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of persistent fever and hypotension.The patient had been well until eight days earlier, when nausea and vomiting developed, with lower abdominal pain. The next day, he was admitted to another hospital with persistent nausea and vomiting; the temperature was 40°C, and the blood pressure was 100/55 mm Hg. The hematocrit was 33.5 percent, and the white-cell count was 17,600 per cubic millimeter. The amylase level was 190 U per liter. The blood pressure subsequently fell to 75/45 mm Hg. Treatment with a dopamine infusion and ceftriaxone was . . .