gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fully Integrated and Miniaturized Heavy-metal-detection Sensor Based on Micro-patterned Reduced Graphene Oxide (2016)

For this paper, a fully integrated and highly miniaturized electrochemical sensor was designed and fabricated on a silicon substrate. A solvothermal-assisted reduced graphene oxide named "TRGO" was then successfully micro-patterned using a lithography technique, followed by the electrodeposition of bismuth (Bi) on the surface of the micro-patterned TRGO for the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions. The fully integrated electrochemical micro-sensor was then measured and evaluated for the detection of cadmium and lead-heavy metal ions in an acetic-acid buffered solution using the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) technique. The fabricated micro-sensor exhibited a linear detection range of 1.0 μg L(-1) to 120.0 μg L(-1) for both of the metal ions, and detection limits of 0.4 μg L(-1) and 1.0 μg L(-1) were recorded for the lead and cadmium (S/N = 3), respectively. Drinking-water samples were used for the practical assessment of the fabricated micro-sensor, and it showed an acceptable detection performance regarding the metal ions.
Universal H1N1 influenza vaccine development (2013)

Immune responses to cross-conserved T cell epitopes in novel H1N1 influenza may explain reports of diminished influenza-like illnesses and confirmed infection among older adults, in the absence of cross-reactive humoral immunity, during the 2009 pandemic. These cross-conserved epitopes may prove useful for the development of a universal H1N1 influenza vaccine, therefore, we set out to identify and characterize cross-conserved H1N1 T cell epitopes. An immunoinformatic analysis was conducted using all available pandemic and pre-pandemic HA-H1 and NA-N1 sequences dating back to 1980. Using an approach that balances potential for immunogenicity with conservation, we derived 13 HA and four NA immunogenic consensus sequences (ICS) from a comprehensive analysis of 5,738 HA-H1 and 5,396 NA-N1 sequences. These epitopes were selected because their combined epitope content is representative of greater than 84% of pre-pandemic and pandemic H1N1 influenza strains, their predicted immunogenicity (EpiMatrix) scores were greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of all comparable epitopes, and they were also predicted to be presented by more than four HLA class II archetypal alleles. We confirmed the ability of these peptides to bind in HLA binding assays and to stimulate interferon-γ production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. These studies support the selection of the ICS as components of potential group-common H1N1 vaccine candidates and the application of this universal influenza vaccine development approach to other influenza subtypes.
The Study of Adaptable Plant Species according to Warmth Index using RCP 8.5 Scenarios in Cheonan-Si (2013)

This study was proposed to adaptable species according to climate change using warmth index(WI) in Cheonan-Si. RCP 8.5 was used to estimate change of warmth index(WI) depending on climate change in Cheonan-Si. Climatic change of Cheonan-Si was estimated to change from cool temperate forest central zone to warm temperate forest zone. The following plant species will survive within WI change of Cheonan-Si from 2010 to 2050 : 18 species in the tree layer including Quercus serrata, Q. variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Q. acutissima etc.; 28 species in the shrub layer including Rhus trichocarpa, Lindera obtusiloba, Zanthoxylum schinifolium etc.; 24 species in the herb layer including Oplismenus undulatifolius, Carex lanceolata, etc.; 12 species in the vine plants including Smilax china, Cocculus trilobus, etc.
Synergistic effects of metal nanoparticles and a phenolic uncoupler using microdroplet-based two-dimensional approach (2010)

A droplet-based microfluidic technique for testing multiple reagent concentrations is presented. We used this experimental approach to study combined effects of gold (AuNP) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with the phenolic uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) with respect to the growth of Escherichia coli. In order to evaluate the toxicity of binary mixtures, we first encapsulated the E. coli cells and particle mixtures inside the microdroplets using PEEK (polyetherketone) modules. Two-dimensional concentration spaces with about 500 well separated droplets were addressed. We subsequently analyzed the cell growth, the viability and the autofluorescence intensity (metabolic activity) of the bacteria with a micro-flow-through fluorometer and photometer. Dose-dependent synergistic effects were found for the binary mixture of AgNPs and DNP, which indicated a stronger interaction in the mixture than it was expected from effect summation. For the binary mixture of DNP and AuNPs in non-toxic concentrations, we found only weak synergistic effects at low DNP concentrations. Furthermore, the non-toxic tested AuNPs causes effect summation in the binary mixture with the phenolic uncoupler. In general, we demonstrated the efficiency of a droplet-based microfluidic system for fast high-throughput screenings of binary and multiple mixtures. This work also confirmed the relevance of highly resolved droplet-based assays for the miniaturization of ecotoxicological aquatic test systems.
Text extraction from name cards with complex design (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of text extraction from name card images with fanciful design containing complicated color background and reverse contrast regions. The proposed method is based on special edge detection followed by grouping of edges based on size, orientation and color attributes. The difficulties from color complexity caused by background color variation or reverse contrast are overcome by edge detection and color histogram. The grouping of edges filters out the background textures or graphical objects. The final detected text grouping is then binarized for OCR. Experimental results show improved text extraction in comparison with a conventional method.
Texture and microstructure evolution in single-phase Ti<i>x</i>Ta1−<i>x</i>N alloys of rocksalt structure (2011)

The mechanisms controlling the structural and morphological features (texture and microstructure) of ternary transition metal nitride thin films of the TixTa1−xN system, grown by various physical vapor deposition techniques, are reported. Films deposited by pulsed laser deposition, dual cathode magnetron sputtering, and dual ion beam sputtering have been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction in various geometries and scanning electron microscopy. We studied the effects of composition, energetic, and kinetics in the evolution of the microstructure and texture of the films. We obtain films with single and mixed texture as well as films with columnar “zone-T” and globular type morphology. The results have shown that the texture evolution of ternary transition metal nitrides as well as the microstructural features of such films can be well understood in the framework of the kinetic mechanisms proposed for their binary counterparts, thus giving these mechanisms a global application.
Macromolecular Synthesis and Membrane Perturbation Assays for Mechanisms of Action Studies of Antimicrobial Agents (2009)

The definition and confirmation of the mechanism of action of an NCE is central to antimicrobial drug discovery. Most antibiotics currently in clinical use selectively target and block one or more bacterial macromolecular synthesis processes, e.g., DNA replication, RNA synthesis (transcription), protein synthesis (translation), cell wall (peptidoglycan) synthesis, and fatty acid (lipid) biosynthesis. This unit includes two protocols for determining the effect of test compounds on macromolecular synthesis, one in test tube format and the other in 96-well plate format. A membrane potential depolarization protocol is also provided. Disruption of cell membrane integrity may be a legitimate mechanism of action for antibacterials, but it also may be the result of nonspecific cell membrane activity, an effect that must be ruled out for mammalian cells. These assays provide useful means for verifying inhibition of an intended target pathway with investigational antimicrobial compounds. They can also be used as valuable secondary assays for lead optimization to eliminate inhibitors that display nonselective toxicity.
Strain-Specific Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Assays for the <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Ames Strain (2006)

Highly precise diagnostics and forensic assays can be developed through a combination of evolutionary analysis and the exhaustive examination of genomic sequences. In Bacillus anthracis, whole-genome sequencing efforts revealed ca. 3,500 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among eight different strains and evolutionary analysis provides the identification of canonical SNPs. We have previously shown that SNPs are highly evolutionarily stable, and the clonal nature of B. anthracis makes them ideal signatures for subtyping this pathogen. Here we identified SNPs that define the lineage of B. anthracis that contains the Ames strain, the strain used in the 2001 bioterrorist attacks in the United States. Sequencing and real-time PCR were used to validate these SNPs across B. anthracis strains, including (i) 88 globally and genetically diverse isolates; (ii) isolates that were shown to be genetic relatives of the Ames strain by multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA); and (iii) several different lab stocks of the Ames strain, including a clinical isolate from the 2001 letter attack. Six SNPs were found to be highly specific for the Ames strain; four on the chromosome, one on the pX01 plasmid, and one on the pX02 plasmid. All six SNPs differentiated the B. anthracis Ames strain from the 88 unique B. anthracis strains, while five of the six separated Ames from its close genetic relatives. The use of these SNPs coupled with real-time PCR allows specific and sensitive (<100 fg of template DNA) identification of the Ames strain. This evolutionary and genomics-based approach provides an effective means for the discovery of strain-specific SNPs in B. anthracis.
Diagnostic Procedures and Management of Dry Eye (2013)

Dry eye disease or dysfunctional tear syndrome is among the most frequent diagnoses in ophthalmology. It is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film which results in ocular discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear instability with potential damage to the cornea and conjunctiva. Risk factors for dry eye syndrome include age, sex (female gender), race, contact lens wear, environment with low humidity, systemic medications, and autoimmune disorders. The aim of this paper is to present the systematic classification, epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, and advances in the management of dry eye disease. The recent improvements in comprehending the underlying etiologic factors will inevitably improve future classifications and diagnostic abilities leading to more effective therapeutic options. Treatment of this highly prevalent condition can drastically improve the quality of life of individuals and prevent damage to the ocular surface.
Adipose Tissue Endothelial Cells From Obese Human Subjects: Differences Among Depots in Angiogenic, Metabolic, and Inflammatory Gene Expression and Cellular Senescence (2010)

VAT-EC exhibit a more marked angiogenic and proinflammatory state than SAT-EC. This phenotype may be related to premature EC senescence. VAT-EC may contribute to hypoxia and inflammation in VAT.
Acceptability of Fingerstick Versus Oral Fluid Rapid HIV Testing (2012)

Background: Oral rapid HIV testing has been reported to have a lower sensitivity and specificity than rapid HIV testing with whole blood and has been associated with clusters of false-positive results. Patient preference for oral rapid HIV testing compared with more invasive whole blood fingerstick may influence the acceptance of rapid HIV testing. Objective: To compare HIV test acceptance rates among patients routinely offered fingerstick compared with those routinely offered oral fluid screening in an urban hospital emergency department. Methods: The Universal Screening for HIV Infection in the Emergency Room Phase II was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial that randomized subjects to either fingerstick or oral rapid HIV screening in an urban academic emergency department. From May 5, 2009, to January 4, 2010, eligible patients aged 18–75 years were invited to participate in the trial. The primary outcome measure was HIV test acceptance rate. Results: 2012 eligible patients were approached, of whom 1651 (82%) consented to trial participation and enrolled. Among those enrolled, 830 and 821 were randomized to the fingerstick and oral fluid arms, respectively. Acceptance of rapid HIV testing was similar in both arms; 67% (553 of 830) of subjects accepted fingerstick testing compared with 69% (565 of 821) who accepted oral (P = 0.34). Conclusions: Although fingerstick rapid HIV testing is more invasive than oral fluid testing, test acceptance rates did not differ. Given the option, preference should therefore be given to fingerstick testing because of its slightly superior test characteristics. System factors such as ease of staff use, necessary Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments waivers, laboratory capacity, and HIV prevalence should also be considered.
The physical mechanism of nitric oxide formation in simulated lightning (2001)

We report an experimental assessment of the contributions of the shockwave and the hot channel to the production of nitric oxide by simulated lightning. Lightning in the laboratory was simulated by a hot plasma generated with a pulsed Nd‐YAG laser. The temporal evolution of electric breakdown in air at atmospheric pressure was studied from the nanosecond to the millisecond time scale by shadowgraphy and interferometry techniques. The shockwave front velocity was determined to be about 60 km s −1 at 20 ns and the temperature behind the shock front was estimated to be about 10 5 K. The production yield of nitric oxide by shock heating is estimated to be: P(NO) (3±2) × 10 14 molecule J −1 . In contrast it was calculated that the production yield of NO by the hot channel is as much as P(NO)=(1.5±0.5) × 10 17 molecule J −1 . To the extent our simulation is an accurate representation of natural lightning, the hot channel is the dominant region for nitrogen fixation.
Dihydroergotamine and sumatriptan in isolated human coronary artery, middle meningeal artery and saphenous vein (2014)

Contractions to DHE in distal coronary arteries are smaller than those to sumatriptan, while at clinical concentrations they both induce only slight contractions. In meningeal arteries contractions to DHE and sumatriptan are significantly larger, showing their cranioselectivity. Contractions to DHE in the saphenous vein are higher than those in the arteries, confirming its venous contractile properties.
BACTERIAL REPRESSIVE ACTION OF MEAT STARTER CULTURE IN PASTEURIZED LIQUID WHOLE EGG (1979)

ABSTRACT Pediococcus cerevisiae inoculated in pasteurized liquid whole egg (PLWE) (3°C, pH 7.4) had a larger repressive action than Lactobacillus plantarum toward Pseudomonas fluorescens (2.8 and 1.6 log cycles respectively) but both had the same repressive action against1 Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas putrefaciens . The 50:50 mixture of the starter cultures had a repressive action similar to the, pediococci against P. fluorescens but was more effective against P. putrefuciens than against P fragi (2.5 and 1.6 log cycles respectively). At pH 6.8 both starter cultures and their mixture had a, larger repressive action toward the three species of Pseudomonas. Salmonella typhimurium at 11°C, pH 7.4 was not repressed by the starter cultures. At pH 6.8 the repressive action of only the pediococci and the mixture increased (1.0–2.0 log cycles). A further decrease of the pH of the PLWE to 6.2 did not change the repressive action of the starter cultures against the pathogen.
Monika Bierschenk, Glasmalereien der Elisabethkirche in Marburg. Die figürlichen Fenster um 1240, avec une préface d'Otto von Simson. Berlin, Deutscher verlag für Kunstwissenschaft, 1991 (1996)

Bennert Uwe. Monika Bierschenk, Glasmalereien der Elisabethkirche in Marburg. Die figürlichen Fenster um 1240, avec une préface d'Otto von Simson. Berlin, Deutscher verlag für Kunstwissenschaft, 1991. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 154, n°1, année 1996. pp. 100-101.
Fast computation of normalized edit distances (1995)

The normalized edit distance (NED) between two strings X and Y is defined as the minimum quotient between the sum of weights of the edit operations required to transform X into Y and the length of the editing path corresponding to these operations. An algorithm for computing the NED was introduced by Marzal and Vidal (1993) that exhibits 0(mn/sup 2/) computing complexity, where m and n are the lengths of X and Y. We propose here an algorithm that is observed to require in practice the same 0(mn) computing resources as the conventional unnormalized edit distance algorithm does. The performance of this algorithm is illustrated through computational experiments with synthetic data, as well as with real data consisting of OCR chain-coded strings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BIOMECHANICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CYCLING BEHAVIOR 3 (1996)

Cycling has received a considerable amount of attention from the exercise science community, partly because of the popularity of cycling and partly because it is an activity well suited for laboratory study. In particular the ease with which power output can be controlled while other variables such as cadence, body position, and the geometry of the frame are manipulated make it an ideal model to closely examine both physiological and biomechanical mechanisms during exercise. While aerodynamic improvements have contributed to improved cycling performance in the last decade, the training methods and fundamental pedaling technique of competitive cyclists has changed relatively little. In spite of the wealth of information on cycling physiology and biomechanics, exercise scientists are still attempting to understand some of the fundamental aspects of cycling performance. The purpose of this symposium is to present an overview of past and recent research activity on cycling performance issues including mechanisms underlying cadence selection, biomechanical and physiological determinants of power development, motor control aspects of cycling, and chronic injury concerns of the cyclist.
Influence of cold storage altered red cell surface on the function of platelets. (1994)

In previous studies, we have shown that in the hemoocclusive crisis of sickle cell disease, red blood cells (RBC) develop reversible membrane changes which may represent a thrombogenic surface for platelets. As a result there is platelet activation and platelet derived procoagulant activity. Platelet activation is also enhanced when platelets come into contact with stored RBC in comparison with freshly obtained red blood cells from normal individuals. Pentoxifylline (P, Trental), a trisubstituted xanthine derivative, acts on the red cell membrane and decreases its effect on platelet activation. In addition, it may have direct platelet aggregation inhibitory effects. By decreasing red cell "stiffness", it may also increase the circulating life span of stored red blood cells. It is suggested that pentoxifylline may be explored as an additive in the preservation of RBC.
Adaptive image compression for wireless multimedia communication (2002)

To enable ubiquitous wireless multimedia communication, the bottlenecks to communicating multimedia data over wireless channels must be addressed. Two significant bottlenecks which need to be overcome are the bandwidth and energy consumption requirements for mobile multimedia communication. In this paper, we address the bandwidth and energy dissipation bottlenecks by adapting the image compression parameters to current communication conditions and constraints. We focus on the JPEG image compression algorithm, and present the results of varying some image compression parameters on energy dissipation, bandwidth required, and quality of image received. We present a methodology for selecting the JPEG image compression parameters in order to minimize energy consumption while meeting latency, bandwidth, and quality of image constraints.
Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Mortality (2012)

Traffic-related air pollution at relatively low concentrations in Ontario was associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular disease.
A Lost-Motion, Variable-Valve-Timing System for Automotive Piston Engines (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A simple, passive, lost-motion mechanism for varying the timings of engine valve opening and closing events has been developed and evaluated. The mechanism was found to be durable and precise in its control. When applied to a high-specific-output engine, the mechanism allowed much lower idle speeds and reduced idle fuel consumption without compromising high-speed power. However, valve-train noise was increased moderately at low engine speeds. When applied to a low-speed passenger-car engine with a compatible camshaft to reduce valve-train noise, the mechanism provided idle quality, fuel consumption, and vehicle performance roughly equivalent to those for the same engine operating with conventional fixed valve-timing. Thus, the potential advantages of this type of variable valve-timing appear to be confined to an engine system which is designed for high power output over a wide speed range.</div>
Ray Tracing with Selective Visibility (1996)

Abstract We propose a simple yet effective extension of the ray-tracing algorithm that allows selective visibility of objects for specific rays. Typically, rays are classified as pixel, shadow, reflected, and transmitted. We suggest adding to material descriptions a visibility mask which controls how these rays interact with the material. This addition can be incorporated seamlessly into any ray tracer and may help to generate visually interesting images.
A hierarchical conceptual clustering algorithm (1985)

An algorithm is described which constructs a hierarchical taxonomy over object sets. The algorithm falls within the purview of conceptual clustering, and is computationally more efficient than conceptual clustering algorithms currently reported in the literature.
Nonequilibrium Ablation of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (2012)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Strategy for Boosting Li-Ion Current in Silicon Nanoparticles (2018)

Improvement in the rate capability needs to be addressed for utilization of a Si anode in high-power Li-ion batteries. Regarding the rate capability, its improvement by Si–C nanocomposites seems to be somewhat saturated, thus indicating that the other method should be tried for further enhancement of the rate capability. Here, we introduce Si nanoparticles uniformly coated with nanometer-thick polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with better wettability to liquid electrolytes and minimizing electronic resistance, which might result from a thick PAN coating: the effective contact surface area made by the contact of Si nanoparticles and liquid electrolyte is increased for larger Li-ion current, leading to ultrafast rate capability retaining 62% of the 0.2C rate discharge capacity at 100C. In addition, a strong adhesive property of PAN provides highly mechanically robust Si anodes for multielectrode-stacked flexible lithium-ion batteries, which show no physical damage after 30 000 bending cycles with a bending radius of 25 mm.