gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of solar water disinfection (SODIS) on model microorganisms under improved and field SODIS conditions (2007)

SODIS is a solar water disinfection process which works by exposing untreated water to the sun in plastic bottles. Field experiments were carried out in Cochabamba, Bolivia, to obtain standard UV-A (320–405 nm) dose values required to inactivate non-spore forming bacteria, spores of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, and wild type coliphages. inactivation kinetics for non-spore forming bacteria are similar under SODIS conditions, exhibiting dose values ranging between 15 and 30 Wh m<sup>–2</sup> for 1 log<sub>10</sub> (90%) inactivation, 45 to 90 Wh m<sup>–2</sup> for 3 log<sub>10</sub> (99.9%), and 90 to 180 Wh m<sup>–2</sup> for 6 log<sub>10</sub> (99.9999%) inactivation. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> was found to be the most resistant and <em>Salmonella typhi</em>, the most sensitive of the non-sporulating organisms studied here. Phages and spores serve as model organisms for viruses and parasite cysts. A UV-A dose of 85 to 210 wh m<sup>–2</sup> accumulated during one to two days was enough to inactivate 1 log<sub>10</sub> (90%) of these strong biological structures. The process of SODIS depended mainly on the radiation dose [Wh m<sup>–2</sup>] an organism was exposed to. An irradiation intensity exceeding some 12 Wm<sup>–2</sup> did not increase the inactivation constant. A synergistic effect of water temperatures below 50 °C was not observed. Data plotting from various experiments on a single graph proved to be a reliable alternative method for analysis. inactivation rates determined by this method were revealed to be within the same range as individual analysis.
New a-IGZO Pixel Circuit Composed of Three Transistors and One Capacitor for Use in High-Speed-Scan AMOLED Displays (2015)

An amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) pixel circuit with three transistors and one capacitor is proposed for use in high-speed-scan active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. The proposed pixel circuit can compensate for the threshold voltage shifts in both normally-off and normally-on a-IGZO TFTs. Based on the simulation results with ±1 V threshold voltage shifts of the driving TFT, the relative error rates of OLED currents are less than 4.46% for the entire range of data voltages (-9.9 V ~ 5 V).
A Finite Element Cavitation Algorithm (1991)

A mass-conserving model is presented for the transient evolution of cavitation in lubrication analysis. Algorithms are given for its finite element implementation in both direct problems (specified motion) and indirect problems (specified load). Numerical examples demonstrate capabilities and applications of the model and algorithm (s).
Nonmedical prescribing: managing patients with respiratory disease (2007)

Abstract Our series Nonmedical prescribing gives an overview of the work that can be done by nonmedical prescribers and what can be achieved. Here Keith Pearson, a supplementary prescriber for Salford PCT, describes his roles within local GP practices. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Review of membranes in microfluidics (2016)

Abstract This review reports the progress on the recent development of membranes in microfluidics. First of all, the definition and basic concepts of membranes are given. Second, the manufacturing methods of membranes in microfluidics are illustrated and discussed. And lastly, the applications of membranes in microfluidics that are the focus of this work are discussed including cells, proteins, microreactors, gas detection, drug screening, electrokinetical fluids, pump and valve and fluid transport control, chemical reagents detection and so on. A variety of microfluidic devices designed containing membranes are expounded and analyzed. This paper will provide a valuable reference to designers who research membranes and microfluidics for various applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Selective <i>N</i>-Methylation of Aliphatic Amines with CO<sub>2</sub> and Hydrosilanes Using Nickel-Phosphine Catalysts (2015)

A method using CO2 and PhSiH3 for the methylation of primary and secondary aliphatic amines catalyzed by Ni (0) complexes was developed, selectively producing the monomethylated products in moderate to good yields. For that purpose, two catalysts were used: [(dippe)Ni(μ-H)]2 and the commercially available Ni(COD)2/dcype, both of which were rather efficient in this process. With a slight experimental modification, the reaction allowed the production of monomethylated ureas in good yields by using low amounts of PhSiH3. On the basis of the experimental results, we propose a possible reaction mechanism for the formation of the new C–N bond.
Object-based image retrieval using the statistical structure of images (2004)

We propose a new Bayesian approach to object-based image retrieval with relevance feedback. Although estimating the object posterior probability density from few examples seems infeasible, we are able to approximate this density by exploiting statistics of the image database domain. Unlike previous approaches that assume an arbitrary distribution for the unconditional density of the feature vector (the density of the features taken over the entire image domain), we learn both the structure and the parameters of this density. These density estimates enable us to construct a Bayesian classifier. Using this Bayesian classifier, we perform a windowed scan over images for objects of interest and employ the user's feedback on the search results to train a second classifier that focuses on eliminating difficult false positives. We have incorporated this algorithm into an object-based image retrieval system. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with experiments using a set of categories from the Corel database.
Fast and Accurate PET Preclinical Data Analysis: Segmentation and Partial Volume Effect Correction with no Anatomical priors (2008)

The Partial Volume Effect hampers the quantification of rodent dynamic PET images. The work proposes a whole process for TAC extraction from the PET images without anatomical information requirement. The PET images were segmented using the Local Means Analysis segmentation method, and the resulting regions were used as spatial domains for a Geometric Transfer Matrix based method. The TAC estimation was assessed on phantom simulations and experimental datasets with ex-vivo measurements, and compared to reference methods: the mean TAC computation method the original Geometric Transfer Matrix method. Our GTM based TAC estimation method performed better than the GTM method and the mean TAC computation in terms of correlation of the estimated TACs with the true ones, of contrast recovery and error.
Modeling, Simulating and Configuring Programmable Wireless Environments for Multi-User Multi-Objective Networking (2018)

Programmable wireless environments enable the software-defined propagation of waves within them, yielding exceptional performance potential. Several building-block technologies have been implemented and evaluated at the physical layer. The present work contributes a network-layer scheme to configure such environments for multiple users and objectives, and for any physical-layer technology. Supported objectives include any combination of Quality of Service and power transfer optimization, eavesdropping and Doppler effect mitigation, in multi-cast or uni-cast settings. Additionally, a graph-based model of programmable environments is proposed, which incorporates core physical observations and efficiently separates physical and networking concerns. Evaluation takes place in a specially developed, free simulation tool, and in a variety of environments. Performance gains over regular propagation are highlighted, reaching important insights on the user capacity of programmable environments.
TCP Improvements for Heterogeneous Networks: The Daedalus Approach (2007)

Findings document persistent neurotoxic effects of heavier prenatal MDMA exposure on motor development through the first year of life.
Moving address translation closer to memory in distributed shared-memory multiprocessors (2005)

To support a global virtual memory space, an architecture must translate virtual addresses dynamically. In current processors, the translation is done in a TLB (translation lookaside buffer), before or in parallel with the first-level cache access. As processor technology improves at a rapid pace and the working sets of new applications grow insatiably, the latency and bandwidth demands on the TLB are difficult to meet, especially in multiprocessor systems, which run larger applications and are plagued by the TLB consistency problem. We describe and compare five options for virtual address translation in the context of distributed shared memory (DSM) multiprocessors, including CC-NUMAs (cache-coherent non-uniform memory access architectures) and COMAs (cache only memory access architectures). In CC-NUMAs, moving the TLB to shared memory is a bad idea because page placement, migration, and replication are all constrained by the virtual page address, which greatly affects processor node access locality. In the context of COMAs, the allocation of pages to processor nodes is not as critical because memory blocks can dynamically migrate and replicate freely among nodes. As the address translation is done deeper in the memory hierarchy, the frequency of translations drops because of the filtering effect. We also observe that the TLB is very effective when it is merged with the shared-memory, because of the sharing and prefetching effects and because there is no need to maintain TLB consistency. Even if the effectiveness of the TLB merged with the shared memory is very high, we also show that the TLB can be removed in a system with address translation done in memory because the frequency of translations is very low.
Cell-autonomous circadian clock of hepatocytes drives rhythms in transcription and polyamine synthesis (2011)

The circadian clock generates daily rhythms in mammalian liver processes, such as glucose and lipid homeostasis, xenobiotic metabolism, and regeneration. The mechanisms governing these rhythms are not well understood, particularly the distinct contributions of the cell-autonomous clock and central pacemaker to rhythmic liver physiology. Through microarray expression profiling in Met murine hepatocytes (MMH)-D3, we identified over 1,000 transcripts that exhibit circadian oscillations, demonstrating that the cell-autonomous clock can drive many rhythms, and that MMH-D3 is a valid circadian model system. The genes represented by these circadian transcripts displayed both cophasic and antiphasic organization within a protein-protein interaction network, suggesting the existence of competition for binding sites or partners by genes of disparate transcriptional phases. Multiple pathways displayed enrichment in MMH-D3 circadian transcripts, including the polyamine synthesis module of the glutathione metabolic pathway. The polyamine synthesis module, which is highly associated with cell proliferation and whose products are required for initiation of liver regeneration, includes enzymes whose transcripts exhibit circadian oscillations, such as ornithine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase. Metabolic profiling revealed that the enzymatic product of spermidine synthase, spermidine, cycles as well. Thus, the cell-autonomous hepatocyte clock can drive a significant amount of transcriptional rhythms and orchestrate physiologically relevant modules such as polyamine synthesis.
Efficacy of Delayed Therapy with Fosmanogepix (APX001) in a Murine Model of Candida auris Invasive Candidiasis (2019)

The emerging pathogenic yeast <i>Candida auris</i> is associated with antifungal resistance and high mortality. The novel antifungal agent manogepix (APX001A) inhibits glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein maturation and has demonstrated activity against numerous pathogenic fungi, including <i>C. auris</i> Our objective was to evaluate the <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of fosmanogepix, the <i>N</i>-phosphonooxymethyl prodrug (APX001), following delayed initiation of therapy in a murine model of <i>C. auris</i> invasive candidiasis. Neutropenic mice were intravenously infected with a fluconazole-resistant clinical isolate of <i>C. auris</i> Twenty-four hours postinoculation, treatment began with vehicle control, fosmanogepix (104 and 130 mg/kg of body weight by intraperitoneal injection three times daily, or intraperitoneal 260 mg/kg twice daily), fluconazole (20 mg/kg by oral gavage once daily), or caspofungin (intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg once daily) and continued for 7 days. Fungal burden was assessed via colony count in the kidneys and brains on day 8 in the fungal burden arm and on day 21 as the mice became moribund in the survival arm. Significant improvements in survival were observed in each group administered fosmanogepix and caspofungin. Similarly, reductions in fungal burden were also observed in both the kidneys and brains of mice treated with the highest dose of fosmanogepix in the fungal burden arm and in each fosmanogepix group and with caspofungin in the survival arm. In contrast, no improvements in survival or reductions in fungal burden were observed in mice treated with fluconazole. These results demonstrate that fosmanogepix is effective <i>in vivo</i> against fluconazole-resistant <i>C. auris</i> even when therapy is delayed.
Infrared video based non-invasive heart rate measurement (2015)

In this paper, a non-invasive heart rate detection system with Kinect is developed. Kinect is used to measure the heart rate via the obtained near-infrared video. The color of the facial skin will fluctuate due to blood circulation, which can be extracted through image processing and empirical mode decomposition technology. The information included heart rate can thus be obtained. Compared with traditional detection methods and existing non-contact detection methods, the proposed one can measure the heart rate with high accuracy, convenience and robustness, especially in the complex illumination environments. Experiments in different scenarios have been performed to verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Nutritional aspects of lung disease. (1998)

The relationships between dietary intake, ventilatory demand, and respiratory muscle function are now well recognized. Malnutrition in patients with advanced COPD is associated with adverse effects on respiratory muscle function leading to reduced muscle strength and premature mortality. The relationships between nutrient intake and the host inflammatory response are just beginning to be explored. This article summarizes current knowledge regarding the relationship between nutritional status and the lung.
FAILURE OF ALIZE I REACTOR SAFETY SYSTEM (1963)

While the failure of a reactor safety system coincident with a reactor excursion is frequently considered to be incredible, such incidents do occur. The causes of such incidents are outlined with examples of each. The March 15, 1960, incident at the French critical experiment facility Alize I is reviewed, and the steps taken to prevent similar incidents in the future are criticized. (D.L.C.)
Fiber Bragg grating ring resonators under rotation for angular velocity sensing (2015)

In this paper we investigate the possibility of using hybrid resonators based on fiber Bragg grating ring resonators (FBGRRs) and π-shifted FBGRRs (i.e., defective FBGRRs) as rotation sensitive elements for gyroscope applications. In particular, we model the conventional fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with the coupled mode theory by taking into account how the Sagnac effect, induced by the rotation, modifies the eigenvalues, the photonic band gap, and the spectral response of the FBG. Then, on the basis of the FBG model under rotation conditions, the spectral responses of the FBGRR and π-FBGRR have been evaluated, confirming that the Sagnac effect manifests itself with a spectral shift of the eigensolutions. This physical investigation can be exploited for opening new ways in the optical gyroscope platforms.
A Novel Overlay-Based Failure Detection Architecture for MANET Applications (2007)

Abstract-Node failures and message losses are frequent in MANETs. This paper proposes a novel overlay-based architecture for MANET applications to ensure that if a node fails, all the other nodes will be notified. Nodes form a self-organizing overlay network that is overlayed on the physical network. In an overlay network, a set of nodes, called detectors, periodically sense each other's heartbeat messages. Every detector also senses the heartbeat messages of a set of nodes. If a detector does not hear from a node after a timeout (possibly due to node failure or message loss), it identifies the failure of the node according to a set of failure detection rules and then reports the failure to all the other nodes. A simulation is done to demonstrate scalability and to compute the number of non-failed nodes declared as failed. Finally, we describe a use case for recovery in a conferencing situation in MANETs.
Effect of Castor Oil and Benzyl Benzoate Used as a Vehicle for Antiandrogens on the Adrenal Cortex (1979)

The use of benzyl benzoate as a vehicle constituent in administering cyproterone acetate caused morphological changes detectable at the ultrastructural level in the adrenal cortex. Xastor oil and benzyl benzoate in a 4:1 ratio caused intracellular as well as intercellular changes. In the zona fasciculata there were alterations in mitochondrial shape, size, and matrix. Intercellular changes affected the morphology of macrophages in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. It is believed that the castor oil and benzyl benzoate vehicle caused stress-induced changes.
연구논문 : 성격특질차원이 청소년 스트레스반응성에 미치는 영향 (2003)

외향성과 내향성 및 신경증적 경향성과 같은 성격특질차원이 청소년의 스트레스 반응성(stress reactivity)에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 고등학교에 재학 중인 58명의 남녀 청소년들이 실험에 참석하였다. 전반적으로 나타난 결과를 볼 때 성격특질차원은 청소년의 스트레스반응성에 영향을 미치지 못하였고, 성격특질차원간의 상호작용효과도 발견되지 않았다. 그러나 스트레스반응성 중 스트레스민감성범위에서는 신경증적 경향성의 주효과가 발견되었다. 이러한 결과는 신경증적 경향성이 높을수록 자신에게 주어지는 내외적 자극에 대한 유해자극수용(nociception)의 처리과정이 매우 높다는 사실을 의미하는 것으로 이를 청소년의 스트레스환경에 대한 대처적응과 관련하여 논의하였다.
Why Families Decline Donation: The Perspective of Organ Procurement Coordinators (2010)

Context Current knowledge regarding the barriers to organ donation relies on 3 data sources: potential donor families, hospital staff, and members of the general public. The current study complements these findings by interviewing organ procurement coordinators about their experiences during the familial consent process. Objective To characterize organ procurement coordinators' reports of barriers to obtaining familial consent for donation. Design Structured, face-to-face interviews. Participants One hundred and two organ procurement coordinators recruited from a national sample of 16 organ procurement organizations. Main Outcome Measure Interviews were content analyzed to describe coordinators' experiences with families who decline donation. Manifest coding was used to determine the frequency with which particular barriers were identified by coordinators. Coordinators' reports of barriers were compared with organizational conversion rates to determine which barriers were associated with performance as an organization. Results Organ procurement coordinators revealed 16 distinct barriers in 4 overlying categories: concerns regarding decedents' wishes, structural barriers to donation, unsupportive belief systems, and lack of public education. Three reported barriers could be used to differentiate between high- and low-performance organizations: (1) familial concerns over bodily disfigurement, (2) failure of families to understand brain death, and (3) families' cultural/racial background. Conclusion These results supplement existing reports of barriers to donation and are discussed in terms of shaping future public education efforts and request processes to improve conversion rates.
BugBox: A Vulnerability Corpus for {PHP} Web Applications (2013)

Web applications are a rich source of vulnerabilities due to their high exposure, diversity, and popularity. Accordingly, web application vulnerabilities are useful subjects for empirical security research. Although some information on vulnerabilities is publicly available, there are no publicly available datasets that couple vulnerabilities with their source code, metadata, and exploits through an executable test environment. We describe BugBox, a corpus and exploit simulation environment for PHP web application vulnerabilities. BugBox provides a test environment and a packaging mechanism that allows for the distribution and sharing of vulnerability data. The goal is to facilitate empirical vulnerability studies, security tool evaluation, and security metrics research. In addition, the framework promotes developer education by demonstrating exploits and providing a sandbox where they can be run safely. BugBox and its modules are opensource and available online, and new modules may be contributed by community members.
Two dimensional magnetic and thermal analysis of high speed switched reluctance motor using soft magnetic composite material (2008)

In aircraft electric motor driven fuel delivery system, the motor must be characterized by high power density, reliability, less size, less weight and high speed. The high speed operation, fault tolerance, high power density makes switched reluctance motor an ideal candidate for high speed aerospace applications. This paper investigates the application potential of soft magnetic composite material (SOMALOY 500) in high-speed switched reluctance motor. Two configurations (1) all sheet metal (2) all Soft magnetic composite have been studied using finite element analysis to obtain their magnetic and thermal characteristics. The study reveals that the all soft magnetic composite configuration albeit suffers from poor average torque, digress in torque-to-weight ratio from conventional model is not very much and the temperature distribution estimation reveals that the all soft magnetic composite model has better thermal capabilities which makes it a viable alternative in high speed aerospace applications.
A Newly Developed Technique to Fabricate Complicated Dies and Electrodes with Wires (1969)

This paper treats with a newly developed technique to fabricate complicated dies for press work and electrodes for electrolytic machining, which is characterized by high productivity, low cost and extreme simplicity. A number of thin wires are bound together by a retainer into a bundle so that each end of wire, which will be a surface element of an expected contour, may be pushed in with an ultrasonic vibrator to be located at a desired position. The positioning of each wire end can be controlled by utilizing a numerically controlled milling machine for instance, and the accuracy of the positioning is in the order of 5/100 mm. As the die surfaces which are constituted by a number of wire ends are not smooth, a rubber sheet is inserted between the blank and the die so that the surface of the blank may not be scratched. In electrolytic machining with a wire electrode, the surface of the product is as smooth as the one with an ordinary electrode, if the diameter of wires is less than 0.5 mm.