gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DJ-1 is an indicator for endogenous reactive oxygen species elicited by endotoxin (2001)

We previously found that DJ-1 protein of pI 5.8 (DJ-1/5.8) increased on 2D gels as DJ-1 of pI 6.2 (DJ-1/6.2) decreased, upon exposure of human cells to sublethal levels of oxidative stress, such as H2O2 and paraquat. Here, we show that the DJ-1/5.8 increases concomitantly with endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under endotoxin-induced inflammatory conditions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly increased the expression of DJ-1/5.8 in murine peritoneal macrophages (Mphi) and a murine macrophage cell line (J774). Diphenylene iodonium, a flavoenzyme inhibitor, blocked the effect of LPS on DJ-1/5.8 expression. Aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of type II nitric oxide synthase, had no effect on the DJ-1/5.8 expression, but suppressed accumulation of nitrite in the culture medium after LPS treatment. We also examined the expression of DJ-1/5.8 in lung, since acute lung injury is seen in endotoxin shock. When female mice (6-weeks old) were intraperitoneally given LPS (10 mg/kg), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, was transiently raised by 3.5 fold. The expression of DJ-1/5.8 in lung was enhanced and then reverted to the control level, in parallel with the MPO activity. These results, taken together, suggest that the DJ-1/5.8 might increase in response to endogenously produced ROS, probably due to activation of NADPH oxidase, and imply that DJ-1 may be useful as an endogenous indicator of oxidative stress status in vivo.
Study of the Raman spectrum of nanometer SnO2 (1994)

The Raman spectra of nanometer-sized particles of SnO2 (3–90 nm) at room temperature are reported. In the Raman spectra of the particles of SnO2, which are quite different from that of single-crystal SnO2, there appear two new characteristic peaks, and their intensities decrease gradually with the increase of crystal size. It is concluded that the new peaks can be explained by the surface phonon modes of nanometer SnO2, consequently there is a relation between the structures of surface layers and bulk. It is believed that it is possible to determine the exact positions of atoms in surface layers of some nanometer crystals from their laser Raman spectra.
Enhanced silicate weathering is not limited by silicic acid saturation (2011)

Enhanced weathering of olivine as a means of sequestering\ncarbon is investigated by Köhler et al. (1). Specifically, the study\ndiscusses the potential distribution of fine olivine powder, obtained\nfrom dunite mines, in the humid tropic regions of the\nAmazon and Congo River catchments. Olivine (forsterite) dissolution\n(Eq. 1) implies the sequestration of 4 moles of CO2 for\neach mole of olivine.
Probabilistic Aspects of Boolean Switching Functions via a New Transform (1981)

A new algorithm Js mtroduced for computing the probability expression, F = Pr(fl 1), that a Boolean functionfequals 1 as a function of the probabihUes that its inputs equal 1. It is shown that this expression ts umquely characterized by a spectrum vector S. A new matrix P which has the property that S I AP, where A is the mmterm vector of the function f, is then introduced.
Induction of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on human neural cells and mechanisms of mononuclear leukocyte adherence (1992)

We propose that leukocyte-derived cytokines induce the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of neural cells that facilitates the subsequent attachment of leukocytes. Leukocyte adherence may contribute to some of the neural cell injury seen with various inflammatory diseases of the nervous system. With an in vitro model system, we have shown that mononuclear leukocytes bind to human neuroblastoma and cortical neuron cells only after the neural cells are stimulated with TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha stimulates expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in both of these neural cell lines. VCAM-1 mRNA is increased and VCAM-1 protein can be identified on the neural cell membranes with a new VCAM-1-specific mAb, CL40/2 F8. TNF-alpha also induces ICAM-1 in both of these neural cell lines. Leukocyte beta 1 (CD29) and beta 2 (CD18) integrins and their respective ligands, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, on neural cells appear to be the dominant ligands mediating MNL:neural cell adhesive interactions. mAb to CD18 block 32 to 57% of the MNL binding to neural cells; similar inhibition is seen with mAb to ICAM-1. mAb to CD29 block 16 to 17% of the MNL binding to the neural cells suggesting that leukocyte beta 1 integrins and neural VCAM-1 may be a second route for MNL:neural cell interactions. Addition of both anti-CD18 and anti-CD29 mAb have an additive blocking effect; both ligand pairs may participate in MNL adhesion to neural cells, reminiscent of the multiplicity of ligands used by MNL when binding to endothelium.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, STRUKTUR ASET, DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL (2016)

This study aims to determine the effect of Profitability, Asset Structure, Liquidity, and Capital Structure for the manufacturing company in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2010 - 2013. The study uses secondary data sources of the data derived by the Indonesia Stock Exchange with four years study period, namely 2010-2013. The population in this study a number of 40 companies manufacturing miscellaneous industry sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2010-2013. Sampling was purposive sampling method with the provisions of these companies include financial statements for duration of the study period and has positive net income and then a total sample of 18 companies. Data analysis using classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test, and coefficient of determination, and profitability, asset structure, and liquidity as independent variabel. The data of this study are qualified classical assumption test and conformance tes models with adjusted R2 of 46,4%. Results of the analysis done of profitability, and liquidity strukturaset significant effect on the capital structure.
Magnetodynamic vector hysteresis models for steel laminations of rotating electrical machines (2008)

This thesis focuses on the modeling and prediction of iron losses in rotating electrical machines. The aim is to develop core loss models that are reasonably accurate and efficient for the numerical electromagnetic field analysis. The iron loss components, including hysteresis, classical eddy-current, and excess losses, are determined by modeling the dynamic hysteresis loops, whereby the incorporation of the core losses into the field solution is feasible and thus the influence of the core losses on the performance of the machine is investigated.\n\nThe thesis presents a magnetodynamic vector hysteresis model that produces not only an accurate, overall prediction of the iron losses, but also explicitly models the magnetization behavior and the loop shapes. The model is found to be efficient, stable, and adequate for providing accurate predictions of the magnetization curves, and hence iron losses, under alternating and rotating flux excitations. It is demonstrated that the model satisfies the rotational loss property and reproduces the shapes of the experimental loops. In addition, a more simplified, efficient, and robust version of the magnetodynamic vector hysteresis model is introduced.\n\nThe thesis also aims to analyze the convergence of the fixed-point method, examine the barriers behind the slow convergence, and show how to overcome them. The analysis has proved useful and provided sound techniques for speeding up the convergence of the fixed-point method.\n\nThe magnetodynamic lamination models have been integrated into a two-dimensional finite-element analysis of rotating electrical machines. The core losses of two induction motors have been analyzed and the impact of core losses on the motor characteristics has been investigated. The simulations conducted reveal that the models are relatively efficient, accurate, and suitable for the design purposes of electrical machines.
Simultaneous image acquisition utilizing hybrid body and phased array receiver coils (2000)

In clinical MR imaging the design and selection of receiver coil is an important step in ensuring the highest image quality. Often this choice is based on selecting a receiver coil characterized by high spatial uniformity such as the body and head volume receiver coils or a surface coil (or array of coils) that provide high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In the past, it has been difficult to accomplish both high SNR and spatial uniformity as both coil types achieve one of these characteristics at the expense of the other. The purpose of this study was to achieve both high SNR and spatial uniformity through the simultaneous acquisition of the MR signal using the body and a surface coil array. Results indicate that this hybrid system can provide uniformity and SNR values comparable to those achieved by the body and surface coil arrays, respectively.
Measurement of the Velocity Field in a Simulated Tornado-Like Vortex Using a Three-Dimensional Velocity Probe (1972)

A three-dimensional velocity probe, incorporating hot-film anemometry, is developed to study the mean flow field of a simulated turbulent tornado-like vortex interacting with a smooth, flat boundary. The flow characteristics are essentially controlled by a dimensionless parameter εc and a Reynolds number Ret. The parameter is the ratio of sink strength to the product of the free-stream circulation and the vortex core radius. Flow fields for two different εc (0.022 and 0.51) are studied, with Ret>105 in both cases. It is found that. 1) the tangential velocity profiles at more than three core radii from the axis are similar to those of a turbulent flow over a flat plate; 2) the radial velocity close to the boundary is directed inward due to a positive radial pressure gradient, while it changes direction and approaches a constant at a height of two core radii from the boundary; 3) the vertical velocity depends strongly on εc, and is directed downward near the vortex axis in case 1 and upward in case 2, the magnitude of the vertical velocity becoming quite small far from the axis in both cases; 4) the streamline pattern in the meridian plane has a two-celled structure for case 1 and a one-celled structure for case 2; 5) as a result of radial and axial flow, the circulation distribution is appreciably different from that of a potential vortex due to the stretching of the vortex tube; 6) zones of maximum wind speed form an annular region near the ground boundary; and 7) the maximum pressure drop, occurring at the axis, exceeds twice the core dynamic head for case 1 and 15 times for case 2 due to higher sink strength. Velocity data obtained from a real tornado are compared with the present results. Good agreement was found with case 2.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Nacre-like Nanostructured Composites with Antimicrobial Properties (2005)

In a recent report, we have presented the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of a biomimetic nanostructured composite from Na(+)-montmorillonite clay nanosheets and poly(diallylmethylammonium chloride) (Tang, Z.; Kotov, N.; Magonov, S.; Ozturk, B. Nat. Mater. 2003, 2, 413). The structure, deformation mechanism, and mechanical properties of the material are very similar to those of natural nacre and lamellar bones. This fact prompts further investigation of these composites as potential bone implants. LBL assembly affords preparation of multifunctional composites, and here we demonstrate that not only mechanical strength, but also antibacterial activity, can be introduced in these implantable materials by alternating clay layers with starch-stabilized silver nanoparticles. The resulting composite showed excellent structural stability with no detectable levels of silver lost over a 1 month period. Evaluation of the antibacterial properties showed almost complete growth inhibition of E. coli over an 18 h period. The amount of silver eluted from the LBL composite over a 1 month period was determined to be only 0.5-3.0 microg/L. This concentration of silver did not prevent the growth of the mammalian tissue cultures. The LBL composite has shown biocompatibility with the human osteoblast cell line.
Selecting Tenants in a Shopping Mall (1988)

As a developer of premium regional shopping malls, Homart Development Company designs, constructs, and leases new centers. Early in the development process, Homart negotiates and arranges accommodations for the large department store tenants. Once the department stores are situated and a general mall floorplan is known, Homart must decide how to lease the many smaller store spaces that complete the mall. The types, sizes, and locations of these smaller tenants play an important role in determining the financial success of a center. We formulated this problem of deciding a center's “tenant mix” as a nonlinear integer program and solved it using a linear approximation. Validation results show the method yields a potential 10 to 26 percent improvement in the present worth of a center.
Resistance of Fatty Acyl Amides to Degradation and Hydrogenation by Ruminal Microorganisms (1992)

Two in vitro trials were conducted to determine whether fatty acyl amides are degraded and hydrogenated by ruminal microorganisms. The treatments consisted of ground hay supplemented with either no lipid, linoleoyl Met ethyl ester, or free linoleic acid plus Met ethyl ester. Incubations were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks at 39 degrees C under CO2. Cultures were sampled at predetermined times and analyzed for long-chain fatty acids, Met, and VFA. In trial 1, the rate of disappearance of linoleic acid was lower for the amide than for the FFA (.004 and -.047/h, respectively). In trial 2, there were no differences in the rate of disappearance of linoleic acid from 0 to 6 h (-.237 and -.357/h for amide and FFA, respectively), but the rates from 6 to 48 h (-.003 and -.027/h for amide and FFA, respectively) were different. Linoleoyl Met cultures also had higher acetate to propionate ratio and lower loss of Met compared with free linoleic acid cultures. There was no loss of radioactivity from [14C]stearoyl Met after 24 h of incubation, indicating its resistance to bacterial breakdown. The results showed that fatty acyl amides resist bacterial breakdown and prevent loss of double bonds by microbial biohydrogenation.
Observation of exceptional points in magnonic parity-time symmetry devices (2019)

Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians may still have real eigenvalues, provided that a combined parity-time (ƤƮ) symmetry exists. The prospect of ƤƮ symmetry has been explored in several physical systems such as photonics, acoustics, and electronics. The eigenvalues in these systems undergo a transition from real to complex at exceptional points (EPs), where the ƤƮ symmetry is broken. Here, we demonstrate the existence of EP in magnonic devices composed of two coupled magnets with different magnon losses. The eigenfrequencies and damping rates change from crossing to anti-crossing at the EP when the coupling strength increases. The magnonic dispersion includes a strong "acoustic-like" mode and a weak "optic-like" mode. Moreover, upon microwave radiation, the ƤƮ magnonic devices act as magnon resonant cavity with unique response compared to conventional magnonic systems.
A First Look at the Crypto-Mining Malware Ecosystem: A Decade of Unrestricted Wealth (2019)

Illicit crypto-mining leverages resources stolen from victims to mine cryptocurrencies on behalf of criminals. While recent works have analyzed one side of this threat, i.e.: web-browser cryptojacking, only commercial reports have partially covered binary-based crypto-mining malware. In this paper, we conduct the largest measurement of crypto-mining malware to date, analyzing approximately 4.5 million malware samples (1.2 million malicious miners), over a period of twelve years from 2007 to 2019. Our analysis pipeline applies both static and dynamic analysis to extract information from the samples, such as wallet identifiers and mining pools. Together with OSINT data, this information is used to group samples into campaigns. We then analyze publicly-available payments sent to the wallets from mining-pools as a reward for mining, and estimate profits for the different campaigns. All this together is is done in a fully automated fashion, which enables us to leverage measurement-based findings of illicit crypto-mining at scale. Our profit analysis reveals campaigns with multi-million earnings, associating over 4.4% of Monero with illicit mining. We analyze the infrastructure related with the different campaigns, showing that a high proportion of this ecosystem is supported by underground economies such as Pay-Per-Install services. We also uncover novel techniques that allow criminals to run successful campaigns.
Interaction Analyses of Genes Required for Resistance Responses to Powdery Mildew in Barley Reveal Distinct Pathways Leading to Leaf Cell Death (1997)

, Andreas Freialdenhoven, Joachim Kurth, Regina Kolsch, Paul Schulze-Lefert, Interaction Analyses of Genes Required for Resistance Responses to Powdery Mildew in Barley Reveal Distinct Pathways Leading to Leaf Cell Death, The Plant Cell, Vol. 9, No. 8 (Aug., 1997), pp. 1397-1409
Photosensitizer-doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles with high cross-sections for one- and two-photon excitation (2011)

We report a novel nanoparticle that is promising for photodynamic therapy applications, which consists of a π-conjugated polymer doped with a singlet oxygen photosensitizer. The nanoparticles exhibit highly efficient collection of excitation light due to the large excitation cross-section of the polymer. A quantum efficiency of singlet oxygen production of 0.5 was determined. Extraordinarily large two-photon excitation cross-sections were determined, indicating promise for near infrared multiphoton photodynamic therapy. Gel electrophoresis of DNA after near-UV irradiation in the presence of nanoparticles indicated both purine base and backbone DNA damage.
The 12q13‐q15 translocation breakpoints in pleomorphic adenoma and clear‐cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses are different from that in myxoid liposarcoma (1993)

The transcription factor gene CHOP was recently shown to be rearranged in myxoid liposarcoma with t(12;16)(q13;p11). We have analyzed whether the CHOP gene is the target of rearrangements in pleomorphic adenoma and clear-cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses with chromosome abnormalities of 12q13-q15. Restriction fragment analysis showed that the CHOP gene and its flanking sequences were not rearranged in any of these tumor types, indicating that the 12q translocation breakpoints in pleomorphic adenoma and clear-cell sarcoma are different from that in myxoid liposarcoma.
A Finite State Machine Based Automated Driving Controller and its Stochastic Optimization (2017)

In this paper, we develop a finite state machine based automated highway driving controller. The controller is described by feedback control laws in each state and state transition conditions. We test the controller in a traffic simulator and evaluate its performance based on a metric function. Furthermore, we propose a stochastic gradient based optimization approach to achieve optimal calibration of the developed controller. We expect that this controller can serve as a baseline for automated driving algorithm developments.
A 60-GHz band CMOS phased array transmitter utilizing compact baseband phase shifters (2009)

A 60-GHz band phased array transmitter is developed based on 90-nm CMOS process featuring compact baseband phase shifters with ideally zero power consumption. The phase shifter changes an RF signal phase every π/2 by switching baseband signal paths. The transmitter has 6 RF front-ends and 6 phase shifters to implement beam steering function for a 1 × 6 array antenna system. Each of the RF front-ends exhibits typically a power of 0 dBm at 1-dB compression point, a conversion gain of 15 dB, and a 3-dB bandwidth of 600 MHz. By controlling phase shifters, the beam steering from 0 to 60 degree is observed. The chip size is 5 mm × 2.5 mm. The circuit consumes 960 mW at 1.0 V supply.
Clams as CO<sub>2</sub> generators: The <i>Potamocorbula amurensis</i> example in San Francisco Bay (2003)

Respiration and calcium carbonate production by the invasive Asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis , were calculated to assess their importance as CO 2 sources in northern San Francisco Bay. Production, calculated using monthly population density and size structure measured at three sites over 7 yr and a shell length/CaCO 3 conversion factor, averaged 221 (±184) g CaCO 3 m −2 yr −1 . Net calcium carbonate production by this exotic bivalve releases CO 2 at a mean rate of 18 (±17) g C m −2 yr −1 . Respiration by P. amurensis , estimated from secondary production, releases additional CO 2 at a mean rate of 37 (±34) g C m −2 yr −1 . Therefore, total net CO 2 production by P. amurensis averages 55 (±51) g C m −2 yr −1 in an estuarine domain where net primary production consumes only 20 g inorganic C m −2 yr −1 . CO 2 production by P. amurensis in northern San Francisco Bay is an underestimate of the total CO 2 supply from the calcified zoobenthic communities of San Francisco Bay, and results from other studies have suggested that this rate is not unusual for temperate estuaries. Global extrapolation yields a gross CO 2 production rate in the world's estuaries of 1 x 10 14 g C yr −1 , which suggests that calcified benthic organisms in estuaries generate CO 2 equal in magnitude to the CO 2 emissions from the world's lakes or from planetary volcanism (the net source is determined by the highly variable rate of CO 2 consumption by carbonate dissolution). This biogenic CO 2 source is increasing because of the continuing global translocation of mollusks and their successful colonization of new habitats.
Statistical machine translation with word- and sentence-aligned parallel corpora (2004)

The parameters of statistical translation models are typically estimated from sentence-aligned parallel corpora. We show that significant improvements in the alignment and translation quality of such models can be achieved by additionally including word-aligned data during training. Incorporating word-level alignments into the parameter estimation of the IBM models reduces alignment error rate and increases the Bleu score when compared to training the same models only on sentence-aligned data. On the Verbmobil data set, we attain a 38% reduction in the alignment error rate and a higher Bleu score with half as many training examples. We discuss how varying the ratio of word-aligned to sentence-aligned data affects the expected performance gain.
Effects of Membrane ATPase Inhibitors on Light-Induced Phase Shifting of the Circadian Clock in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (1982)

Effects of several membrane ATPase inhibitors on light-induced phase shifting of the circadian conidiation rhythm in Neurospora crassa were examined using mycelial discs in liquid culture. Suppression of phase shifting by the inhibitors was strongly dependent on the pH of the liquid medium in which the discs were cultured during the time from Ught-dark transition (beginning of free-run) to light irradiation. When discs were cultured in pH 6.7 medium, azide, the inhibitors of plasma membrane ATPase (diethylstilbestrol and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide), and ethanol completely suppressed the effect of light on the clock. In contrast, mycelial discs cultured in pH 5.7 medium were fully phase-shifted by light in the presence of the same and even higher concentrations of the chemi- cals. However, sensitivity to light of the discs cultured in relatively acidic medium was eight times higher than that of the discs cultured at neutral pH. Oligomycin and venturicidin, inhibitors of mitochondrial ATPase, did not suppress phase shifting by Ught at either pH.