gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous nanothermal analysis using heated microcantilevers (2010)

Many important material properties characteristics can be measured using thermal\nanalysis techniques, but macro-systems aren???t ideal for all applications. Conventional\nsystems require large samples, preventing size-dependent studies on thermodynamic\nproperties of a material. Furthermore, some materials cannot be synthesized to the\nnecessary volumes. With the recent advancements in the area of microsensors,\nnanothermal analysis has improved and gained research interest.\nThis work presents recent thermal analysis applications performed with a heated\nmicrocantilever. Heated microcantilevers have low thermal mass, resulting in high heating\nrates with quick response times, and are relative isolated to major heat losses, making them\nwell suited for nanothermal analysis. This work discusses the first reported implementation\nof a microsensor to perform calorimetry and thermogravimetry simultaneously. These\ntechniques were used to investigate thermal dependencies for two studies. The first study\ndiscusses nano-thermogravimetry and calorimetry on a 250 pg coal sample. Heat flow and\nmass change of the sample was measured and used to determine the specific heat capacity.\nThermal contact resistance between the heater and the sample was problematic, resulting in\nuncertainties, and limited the studies investigation into its size-dependent thermal\nproperties. The second study discussed the thermal desorption of mercury from a thin gold\nfilm. It was founded that there are two distinct desorption regime that appear to correlate\nwith the unbinding of mono- and multi-layers of mercury. Furthermore, the ambiguous\nregeneration temperature was found to be 200 ??C, regardless of heating rates. This new\nsensing technique is another tool to help expand the field of nanothermal analysis.
Evaluation of CD8+ T-cell frequencies by the Elispot assay in healthy individuals and in patients with metastatic melanoma immunized with tyrosinase peptide (2000)

The lack of reproducible, quantitative assays for T-cell responses has been a limitation in the development of cancer vaccines to elicit T-cell immunity. We utilized the Elispot assay, which allows a quantitative and functional assessment of T cells directed against specific peptides after only brief in vitro incubations. CD8(+) T-cell reactivity was determined with an interferon (IFN)-gamma Elispot assay detecting T cells at the single cell level that secrete IFN-gamma. We studied both healthy individuals and patients with melanoma. Healthy HLA-A*0201-positive individuals showed a similar mean frequency of CD8(+) cells recognizing a tyrosinase peptide, YMDGTMSQV, when compared with melanoma patients prior to immunization. The frequencies of CD8(+) cells recognizing the tyrosinase peptide remained relatively constant over time in healthy individuals. Nine HLA-A*0201-positive patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma were immunized intradermally with the tyrosinase peptide together with the immune adjuvant QS-21 in a peptide dose escalation study with 3 patients per dose group. Two patients demonstrated a significant increase in the frequency of CD8(+) cells recognizing the tyrosinase peptide during the course of immunization, from approx. 1/16,000 CD8(+) T cells to approx. 1/4,000 in the first patient and from approx. 1/14,000 to approx. 1/2,000 in the second patient. These results demonstrate that modest expansion of peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells can be generated in vivo by immunization with peptide plus QS-21 in at least a subset of patients with melanoma.
Knowledge-based assistance for accessing large, poorly structured information spaces (1993)

Large information spaces present several problems to people searching for interesting information including information overload. This thesis describes a novel approach to handling overload problems in the domain of Usenet News, an open access computer-based bulletin board system that distributes messages and software. A conceptual framework is developed that shows the need for (a) flexible organization of information access interfaces, (b) personalized structure to deal with vocabulary mismatches and individual information needs, and (c) semi-autonomous agents that assist in creating this personalized structure. In addition, an operational system (scINFOSCOPE) instantiate this framework allowing for the exploration and evaluation of the approach in realistic working environments. Using scINFOSCOPE, Usenet readers evolve the predefined system structure to suit their own tasks or semantic interpretations. Agents assist users by suggesting filters based on observed interest patterns. Evaluation of the system indicates that (1) personalized structure is quickly adopted and effectively used; (2) personalized structure reduces information overload caused by uninteresting messages; and (3) scINFOSCOPE agents are an effective aid to the creation of personalized structure in Usenet News. However, user studies have exposed deficiencies in the current implementation that indicate a more sophisticated suite of agents could increase the usefulness of many suggestions. (Also available from the University of Colorado at Boulder Computer Science Department as Technical Report # CU-CS-640-93.)
Investigation of the Local Temperature Increase for Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) (2014)

Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) has been proposed for the next generation hard disk drive due to its potentially higher storage areal density. In HAMR systems, a laser is focused onto the disk to heat the magnetic storage layer to the Curie temperature. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to study the temperature increase in a perpendicular magnetic recording media. The disk was prerecorded with a uniform single tone magnetic pattern by flying a magnetic head above it and using a magnetic read/write device. The decay of the magnetic pattern resulting from laser heating under different laser power levels was evaluated quantitatively using a magnetic force microscopy. The temperature increase was estimated by use of an Arrhenius-Neel model of thermally activated magnetization. In addition, a 3-D numerical model was created to obtain the disk's thermal response under the laser heating. The thermally erased area was calculated from the temperature distribution based on the numerical results. The calculated erased area was compared with the experimental results from the magnetic images. A good agreement was observed between the experimental and the simulation results. The method should be reliable when used with HAMR media also whenever it becomes available.
Fabrication of Step and Flash imprint lithography templates using commercial mask processes (2003)

This article presents the results of a collaborative effort between Molecular Imprints, Inc. (MII) and Photronics, Inc. to develop a baseline process for fabricating Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL) templates that are compatible with lithography tools being developed by MII. S-FIL is a replication technique with sub-50nm resolution capability that has the potential to lead to a low cost, high throughput process. Template fabrication results and S-FIL patterning results on 200mm wafers are presented.
Multi-Bias Non-linear Activation in Deep Neural Networks (2016)

As a widely used non-linear activation, Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) separates noise and signal in a feature map by learning a threshold or bias. However, we argue that the classification of noise and signal not only depends on the magnitude of responses, but also the context of how the feature responses would be used to detect more abstract patterns in higher layers. In order to output multiple response maps with magnitude in different ranges for a particular visual pattern, existing networks employing ReLU and its variants have to learn a large number of redundant filters. In this paper, we propose a multi-bias non-linear activation (MBA) layer to explore the information hidden in the magnitudes of responses. It is placed after the convolution layer to decouple the responses to a convolution kernel into multiple maps by multi-thresholding magnitudes, thus generating more patterns in the feature space at a low computational cost. It provides great flexibility of selecting responses to different visual patterns in different magnitude ranges to form rich representations in higher layers. Such a simple and yet effective scheme achieves the state-of-the-art performance on several benchmarks.
Electrophoretic mobility of λ phage HIND III and HAE III DNA fragments in agarose gels: A detailed study (1987)

Abstract The electrophoretic mobility (μ) of DNA fragments from λ phage and ΦX 174, split by restriction enzyme to molecular lengths from 3 × 10 2 to 2.36 × 10 4 base pairs, has been investigated in 0.6–4% agarose gels at various field strengths, ionic strengths, and temperatures. As already observed, μ is seen to be very sensitive to the field, increasing with field strength. The sensitivity increases with the molecular length of the DNA and decreases at high gel concentration. Our data are in qualitative agreement with recent theoretical predictions that concern the influence of the electric field on electrophoretic mobility. Mobility data have been extrapolated to zero field. This enables a comparison of our experimental results with theoretical predictions on the dependence of μ on the molecular weight of the DNA fragments. Our data fit, quite closely, a reptation model, where the tube path is described as a semiflexible entity with a persistence length equal to the pore diameter. The influence of the agarose concentration and the ionic strength of the buffer on the two parameters of the model—intrinsic electrophoretic mobility (μ 0 ) and the number of base pairs per element of the tube ( g )—are well described by the model. The temperature dependence of the electrophoretic mobility, together with the influence of the agarose concentration on μ 0 , indicate that the hydrodynamic drag is the leading frictional force on the DNA molecules in the gel.
Alarmins and immunity (2017)

More than a decade has passed since the conceptualization of the "alarmin" hypothesis. The alarmin family has been expanding in terms of both number and the concept. It has recently become clear that alarmins play important roles as initiators and participants in a diverse range of physiological and pathophysiological processes such as host defense, regulation of gene expression, cellular homeostasis, wound healing, inflammation, allergy, autoimmunity, and oncogenesis. Here, we provide a general view on the participation of alarmins in the induction of innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as their contribution to tumor immunity.
Hierarchical test approach using boundary scan test (2002)

With integration and miniaturization of electronic components, physical access to the boundary of the components on a printed circuit board or system is almost impossible. The IEEE 1149.1 and the boundary scan test have evolved to meet this challenge by electronically accessing the component boundary. In this paper, application of boundary scan test techniques at different levels of digital systems is discussed. Test generation for different interconnection faults on printed circuit boards and test application through the standard test access port is considered. Acceptance and potential capabilities of the method are presented.
Efficient video similarity measurement and search (2002)

We consider the use of meta-data and/or video-domain methods to detect similar videos on the Web. Meta-data is extracted from the textual and hyperlink information associated with each video clip. In the video domain, we apply an efficient similarity detection algorithm called video signature. The idea is to form a signature for each clip by selecting a small number of its frames that are most similar to a set of random seed images. We then apply a statistical pruning algorithm to allow fast detection on very large databases. Using a small ground-truth set, we achieve 90% recall and 95% precision using only 8% of the total number of operations required without pruning. For a database of around 46,000 video clips crawled from the Web, the video signature technique significantly outperforms meta-data in precision and recall. We show that even better performance can be achieved by combining them together. Based on our measurements, each video clip in our database has, on average, 1.53 similar copies.
Poly-L-lactic acid: a new dimension in soft tissue augmentation (2006)

Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a biodegradable, synthetic polymer of L-lactic acid that has been used in a variety of human medical applications for over 40 years. It has recently been approved in the United States for the treatment of HIV-associated facial lipoatrophy. This indication, combined with a European experience that indicates a clinical benefit persisting for up to 2 years, has made PLLA an increasingly popular injectable soft tissue filler in healthy patients. However, controlled clinical studies are necessary to determine whether PLLA benefits healthy patients seeking contour restoration as much as patients seeking treatment for HIV facial lipoatrophy. The present authors reviewed the background and clinical applications of PLLA as treatment for HIV-associated facial lipoatrophy and age-related facial volume loss.
Portal‐systemic shunting in patients with fibrosis or cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C: the minimal model for measuring cholate clearances and shunt (2007)

Cholate Cl(oral) and cholate shunt may be useful in monitoring patients with liver disease. The 5-point model enhances application of cholate Cl(oral) and cholate shunt in the non-invasive assessment of the portal circulation.
Atomic Layer Chemical Vapor Deposition (ALCVD) of Hf and Zr Silicate and Aluminate High-k Gate Dielectric for Next Generation Nano Devices (2005)

Among many deposition techniques, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is well suited for highly conformal and uniform ultrathin films with accurate thickness control over a large area. A number of ALD deposition processes have been used to grow mixed oxides like Hf or Zr silicate and aluminate thin films for high-k gate dielectrics needed in the next generation silicon transistors. Nano laminate mixing of each oxide by switching between two metal precursors with an oxidant like water can be used and film composition can be controlled by adjusting the number of each single oxide cycles. An alternating injection of metal alkoxides and chlorides without the injection of extra oxidants is another method. Single metal source, which contains both metal and Si (or Al), also can be adopted to form silicate or aluminate films. These processes will be overviewed in this article with our recent work on atomic layer deposition (ALD) of high-k gate dielectrics. It is important to select a proper set of precursors and each process should be evaluated and compared in terms of the reliability and film properties. In-situ diagnostic technique such as FT-IR is also helpful for the process development.
Increased Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury in Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 Null Mice Is Mediated via Angiopoietin 2 (2012)

Supplemental oxygen is frequently prescribed. However, prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen causes hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI), which manifests as acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults and leads to bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborns (NBs). Nitric oxide (NO), NO synthases (NOSs), and angiopoietin (Ang) 2 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HALI. However, the mechanisms of the contributions of NOS/NO and the relationship(s) between NOS/NO and Ang2 have not been addressed. In addition, the relevance of these moieties in adults and NBs has not been evaluated. To address these issues, we compared the responses in hyperoxia of wild-type (NOS [+/+]) and NOS null (-/-) young adult and NB mice. When compared with NOS2(+/+) adult controls, NOS2(-/-) animals manifest exaggerated alveolar-capillary protein leak and premature death. These responses were associated with enhanced levels of structural cell death, enhanced expression of proapoptotic regulatory proteins, and Ang2. Importantly, silencing RNA knockdown of Ang2 decreased the levels of cell death and the expression of proapoptotic mediators. These effects were at least partially NOS2 specific, and were development dependent, because survival was similar in adult NOS3(+/+) and NOS3(-/-) mice and NB NOS2(+/+) and NOS2(-/-) mice, respectively. These studies demonstrate that NOS2 plays an important protective role in HALI in adult animals. They also demonstrate that this response is mediated, at least in part, by the ability of NOS2 to inhibit hyperoxia-induced Ang2 production and thereby decrease Ang2-induced tissue injury.
Peroneal tendon dislocations: a review of the literature. (1983)

Acute anterior dislocation of the peroneal tendons from behind the peroneal groove is uncommon but not rare. The injury must be evaluated carefully to determine whether conservative treatment will suffice or surgical intervention is required. Choice of a surgical procedure depends on the fibular groove, the nature of the retinaculum, and the amount of damage to the area.
Self-Assembled Networks and Molecular Gels Derived from Long-Chain, Naturally-Occurring Fatty Acids (2015)

Self-assembly of molecular gelators in a variety of liquids provides an attractive route for the construction of nanostructured materials with desired functionalities.This review focuses on correlations between structural features of gelators, specifically derivatives of long-chain, naturally-occurring fatty acids in which functional groups have been modified systematically and their gelation efficiencies in a wide range of liquids.It is shown that molecular packing at different distance scales within the gel assemblies and the microscopic and macroscopic physical properties of the gels are sensitive to even small changes in gelator sturcture and properties of the liquid component.Structural insights are provided to understand better the basis for the rational design of molecular gelators.
A Novel Prony Approach for Synchronous Generator Parameter Estimation (2015)

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.
Progress on waveguide-based holographic video (Invited Paper) (2016)

This paper presents progress on the characterization of guided-wave light modulators for use in a low-cost holographic video monitor based on the MIT scanned-aperture architecture. A custom-built characterization apparatus was used to study device bandwidth, RGB operation, and linearity in an effort to identify optimal parameters for high bandwidth, GPU-driven, full-color holographic display.
What is a Spectrum Hole and What Does it Take to Recognize One? (2009)

ldquoSpectrum holesrdquo represent the potential opportunities for noninterfering (safe) use of spectrum and can be considered as multidimensional regions within frequency, time, and space. The main challenge for secondary radio systems is to be able to robustly sense when they are within such a spectrum hole. To allow a unified discussion of the core issues in spectrum sensing, the ldquoweighted probability of area recoveredrdquo (WPAR) metric is introduced to measure the performance of a sensing strategy; and the ldquofear of harmful interferencerdquo <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HI</sub> metric is introduced to measure its safety. These metrics explicitly consider the impact of asymmetric uncertainties (and misaligned incentives) in the system model. Furthermore, they allow a meaningful comparison of diverse approaches to spectrum sensing unlike the traditional triad of sensitivity, probability of false-alarm <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FA</sub> , and probability of missed-detection <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MD</sub> . These new metrics are used to show that fading uncertainty forces the WPAR performance of single-radio sensing algorithms to be very low for small values of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HI</sub> , even for ideal detectors. Cooperative sensing algorithms enable a much higher WPAR, but only if users are guaranteed to experience independent fading. Lastly, in-the-field calibration for wide-band (but uncertain) environment variables (e.g., interference and shadowing) can robustly guarantee safety (low <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HI</sub> ) even in the face of potentially correlated users without sacrificing WPAR.
Caching in distributed systems (2000)

Modern computer systems, as well as the Internet, use caching to maximize their efficiency. Nowadays, caching occurs in many different system layers. Analysis of these layers will lead to a deeper understanding of cache performance. ... comes from the uniprocessor environment. Spatial locality implies that the next data item in the address space is most likely to be used next, while temporal locality implies that the last data item used is most likely to be used next. Implementation is typically based on a fast but expensive memory (the price is affordable because, by definition, cache memory is small). Even if we use the same technology for the main memory and cache memory, the cache memory will be faster because smaller memories have a shorter access time. Recent research tries to split the CPU cache into two subcaches: one for spatial locality and one for temporal locality. # SMP On the SMP level, spatial and temporal
One-Pot Synthesis of <i>N</i>-(α-Peroxy)Indole/Carbazole via Chemoselective Three-Component Condensation Reaction in Open Atmosphere (2015)

A facile one-pot synthesis of N-(α-peroxy)indole and N-(α-peroxy)carbazole has been developed using metal-free, organo-acid-catalyzed three-component condensation reactions of indole/carbazole, aldehyde, and peroxide. Based on the reaction discovered, a new synthetic proposal for Fumitremorgin A and Verruculogen is introduced. Such a protocol could be easily handled and scaled up in an open atmosphere with a wide substrate scope, enabling the construction of a new molecule library.