gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional flatness impact targets (Key Performance Indicators) for the high-volume manufacturing of EUV photomask blanks (2019)

We investigate the current state of four functional specifications as they relate to EUV photomask blank flatness and the ways in which each functional specification limits, constrains, and controls aspects of image placement and focus error at the wafer following exposure. We explain the relationship between the functional specifications and the ultimate impact they have at wafer, by connecting the key performance indicators (KPIs) to their topographically related features at the mask. Sample mask data sets are then evaluated against the KPIs to demonstrate how such tolerances can open up the process window for certain photomask processing steps, while still achieving the overall lithography process specifications. This exploratory paper aims to offer an interpretation of what these topographic tolerances mean and ultimately help end users understand the potential implications of adopting such functional tolerances. A thorough understanding of such specifications will be necessary as the industry moves forward to future nodes, in order to successfully develop processes which adhere to the upstream tolerances necessary to create mask topographies which enable the mask to meet the high-performance requirements for successful wafer exposures.
Ultra high Q embedded inductors in highly miniaturized family of low loss organic substrates (2008)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and measurement of high Q miniaturized inductors on a new family of ultra thin organic substrates. This paper for the first time discusses the design and fabrication of embedding ultra miniaturized RF inductors in ultra thin (100 - 150 microns thickness) organic substrates. The substrate described in this paper belongs to a new family of ultra low profile organic laminates with a loss tangent of about 0.0034 - 0.0045 and a dielectric constant of 3.4. Innovative inductor designs on this ultra thin substrate resulted in unloaded quality factors of about 100 - 150 in the frequency range of 1- 15 GHz and have line widths in the range of 2 - 4 mils and occupying an area of 0.062 - 0.64 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Design optimization, modeling and simulations performed are discussed in detail. Two test vehicles - test vehicle 1 (TV1) made up of two metal layers, having a thickness of 100 microns and test vehicle 2 (TV2), consisting of four metal layers and 150 microns in thickness have been used for the design of these inductors.
<b>Biosynthesis of human ficolin, an <i>Escherichia coli</i>‐binding protein, by monocytes: comparison with the synthesis of two macrophage‐specific proteins, C1q and the mannose receptor</b> (1996)

Ficolin is characterized by the presence of both collagen-like and fibrinogen-like sequences, and potentially has a similar overall structure as the complement protein C1q and the collectins. Previous studies have reported the presence of human ficolin mRNA predominantly in peripheral blood leucocytes. In the present study, the cellular origin of human ficolin was investigated in further detail. Preliminary studies using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that ficolin mRNA was synthesized by U937 cells, a human monocyte cell line. This finding suggested that blood monocytes also normally synthesize human ficolin. Peripheral blood monocytes from adult human donors were harvested at serial time-points (0-20 hr) after adhesion to tissue culture plates, and total RNA was isolated and assayed for ficolin mRNA by RT-PCR. Ficolin mRNA was highly expressed in monocytes throughout the first 20 hr of adhesion. In contrast, C1q and mannose receptor mRNA were not detectable during the first 8 hr of adhesion, but were highly expressed by 20 hr. Cells were harvested at longer time intervals (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days) to determine whether ficolin expression was temporally regulated at later stages of monocyte differentiation. Ficolin mRNA levels decreased sharply from day 1 to day 6. In contrast, the levels of both C1q and mannose receptor mRNA showed no changing trend. These results are consistent with the absence of ficolin expression in many macrophage-rich tissues previously reported. The origin of ficolin from monocytes, together with its structural similarity to C1q and the collectins, raises the possibility that ficolin may be another plasma protein capable of binding to surface structures of micro-organisms. Escherichia coli was therefore incubated with human serum, and bound proteins, after elution with sugars, were analysed by Western blotting using an antiserum raised against a synthetic ficolin peptide. The antiserum identified a polypeptide of approximately 42000 MW, which is similar in size to that of ficolin as predicted from its cDNA-derived sequence.
An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Upward Two-Phase Flow in Annuli (2002)

Summary A steady-state mechanistic model is formulated to predict the mixture behavior for upward two-phase flow in concentric annuli. It consists of a procedure for flow pattern prediction and a set of independent models for calculating gas fraction and pressure drop in bubble, dispersed bubble, slug, and annular flow. Some aspects of churn flow are also discussed. Experiments are performed in a 1278 m vertical well and in a small-scale U-tube, which comprises a descending pipe and an ascending annulus. Small-scale data available in the literature were also collected and catalogued. The model is validated against the database. The performance of the model is compared with the performances of other models from the literature. It shows that the proposed model is more accurate than the alternatives.
Properties of a collagen molecule containing three identical components extracted from bovine articular cartilage (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of a collagen molecule containing three identical components extracted from bovine articular cartilageElsa Strawich and Marcel E. NimniCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 21, 3905–3911Publication Date (Print):October 12, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 12 October 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00797a017https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00797a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation f or Unstable Angina Pectoris (1991)

Twelve patients with grade IV unstable angina were treated with high cervical spinal cord stimulation (SCS). All patients had been previously treated with maximal tolerated doses of beta-blockers and calcium antagonists and had no possibility of revascularization surgery or intraluminal angioplasty. Multipolar electrodes were implanted using a percutaneous technique, and the parameters of stimulation were pulse width 0.1 ms, frequency 120 Hz, intensity that caused no unpleasant paresthesias, with two periods of 4 h 'on' daily. After a mean follow-up of 9.8 +/- 8.2 months the clinical results show a significant reduction in the number of angina attacks (p less than 0.01) and in their grade (p less than 0.001). In the treadmill ergometric test, a significant increase in the time until angina and double product (p less than 0.01) was observed. We conclude that the SCS is a very low-risk technique that significantly increases the quality of life of patients with unstable angina.
Virus-Mediated Genetic Treatment of Rodent Gliomas (1994)

The most common primary central nervous system neoplasm in adults is the malignant glioma. Approximately 5,000 new cases are diagnosed annually in the United States. This tumor has proven to be extremely refractory to currently available therapeutic modalities. A combination of aggressive surgical excision, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy has increased the life expectancy of patients suffering from this illness by only a few months (Schoenberg, 1983; Salcman, 1985; Kornblith et al., 1985). Sometimes the aggressive pursuit of these therapeutic modalities results in considerable neurologic dysfunction.
Rheo-Optical Studies of Liquid Crystalline Solutions of Helical Polypeptides (1980)

Abstract The shear dependence of structures of liquid crystalline solutions of Poly-γ-benzyl-l-glutamate PBLG in m-cresol was examined in a polarizing microscope using a specially constructed shearing stage and stroboscopic illumination. Three different textures were observed depending on shear rate. The shear rates at which the texture changes occurred correlated well with the changes in sign of the first normal stress difference reported earlier.1,2 The region of negative first normal stress difference corresponded to a texture consisting of striations perpendicular to shear. The transverse striations were also observed to develop over a period of seconds or minutes after cessation of shear at rates within the first positive region of N 1, These striations could be fixed in a dried film by using a volatile helicogenic solvent (1,4-dioxane). A speculative model is proposed to account for the rheological observations in Refs.1,2 and the rheo-optical observations reported herein.
Imitation learning for task allocation (2010)

At the heart of multi-robot task allocation lies the ability to compare multiple options in order to select the best. In some domains this utility evaluation is not straightforward, for example due to complex and unmodeled underlying dynamics or an adversary in the environment. Explicitly modeling these extrinsic influences well enough so that they can be accounted for in utility computation (and thus task allocation) may be intractable, but a human expert may be able to quickly gain some intuition about the form of the desired solution. We propose to harness the expert's intuition by applying imitation learning to the multi-robot task allocation domain. Using a market-based method, we steer the allocation process by biasing prices in the market according to a policy which we learn using a set of demonstrated allocations (the expert's solutions to a number of domain instances). We present results in two distinct domains: a disaster response scenario where a team of agents must put out fires that are spreading between buildings, and an adversarial game in which teams must make complex strategic decisions to score more points than their opponents.
Valproate for Sleep Consolidation in Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (2000)

In this study, open-label valproate (VPA) was administered to patients as a treatment for periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Six patients aged 28 to 62 years with complaints of sleep disturbance and at least five periodic limb movements (PLMs) per hour of sleep underwent polysomnograms (PSGs) with and without low-dose VPA treatment (125-600 mg at bedtime). After a baseline PSG, patients received VPA therapy from 2 weeks to 14 months, until the time of the follow-up PSG on VPA (median, 5 months; mean, 6 months). All six patients experienced subjective improvement in daytime alertness. Sleep efficiency was improved from 76% to 88% (p = 0.003), stage 1 (light) sleep decreased from 26% to 13% (p = 0.04), stage 3 and 4 (deep) sleep increased from 19% to 30% (p = 0.01), and rapid eye movement sleep was unchanged. There was a trend toward a reduction in the number of PLMs per hour of sleep and in the percentage of arousals associated with PLMs. All of the patients continued taking VPA after the PSGs were completed. One patient discontinued VPA 1 month after completion of the last PSG because of short-term side effects, and one patient stopped VPA 22 months after the last PSG because of weight gain. Thus, these data indicate that VPA has a long-term beneficial effect on sleep consolidation in patients with PLMD.
Research on technology of automatic welding machine and procedure for pile pipes of offshore jacket platform (2010)

因为优秀、卑鄙工作环境的高要求和自动焊接的大困难， MMAW 通常为焊接站台夹克衫和堆积管子被采用。它的低效率和 hard work-ing 是为构造进步的 choke 点之一。在这篇文章，为站台堆积管子焊接的一种新技术被介绍。有 FCW-S 的 Cored 并且与平台建设，特殊自动水平焊接设备和过程的字符和要求结合了被开发。进一步更，近海申请也被介绍。
Carboxymethyl inulin: A new inhibitor for calcium carbonate precipitation (1996)

Abstract A new polysaccharide‐based polycarboxylate, carboxymethyl inulin (CMI), was synthesized recently. The influence of small amounts (0.1–200 ppm) of this material on the crystallization of calcium carbonate, an important scale‐forming salt, is studied. The effects of CMI are compared to those of a commercial inhibitor (a copolymer of acrylate and maleate) and of other carboxymethylated saccharides. It is shown that CMI is a good calcium carbonate precipitation inhibitor. CMI influences the spontaneous precipitation of calcium carbonate, the morphology of the formed crystals (vaterite and calcite), and the growth rate of calcium carbonate seed crystals. The effect is related to the carboxylate content, the chainlength, and the concentration of the additive. For the application of CMI as crystallization inhibitor, products with a high degree of substitution (degree of substitution>1) and a high degree of polymerization (average degree of polymerization = 30) are the most effective. Also, other carboxymethylated polysaccharides (dextrins, cellulose) show good crystallization‐inhibition properties, although the performance of the copolymer of acrylate and maleate is not met. A great advantage of CMI, as compared to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), is that aqueous solutions of CMI display, contrary to those of CMC, a very low viscosity. A carboxymethylated disaccharide (carboxymethyl sucrose) has no influence on the calcium carbonate crystallization which shows that the long‐chain character is essential for a polycarboxylate inhibitor.
Dual-energy electronic scanning-slit fluorography for the determination of vertebral bone mineral content (1987)

A technique for performing accurate bone mineral content (BMC) determination, using dual-energy scanning-slit fluorography, has been developed. X-ray scatter and veiling glare are suppressed using a multiple scanning-slit device interfaced to a conventional digital subtraction angiography system. The technique employs a pair of calibration step wedges, one tissue and one bone equivalent. The proper use of the step wedges obviates the need for accurate kVp calibration or absolute calibration of the system's response to BMC. Phantom studies intended to simulate vertebral BMC measurement indicate that the technique is capable of measuring BMC with less than 30 mg/cm2 inaccuracy over a wide range of BMC.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Cardiovascular Interventions in Congenital Heart Diseases (2003)

The purpose of this article is to present some recent applications of diagnostic and interventional MRI in congenital heart disease. To date x-ray-based techniques have been the norm for most diagnostic and therapeutic applications. With the advent of ultrafast MRI and the development of MRI-compatible catheters and guide wires, the goal of achieving real-time guidance by MRI for interventions in congenital heart diseases has proven feasible. We briefly review the latest advances in cardiovascular MRI, and the development of MR-compatible devices for diagnostic and therapeutic applications such as ASD closure and pulmonary artery dilation.
Treatment of viral infections with 5-aminolevulinic acid and light (1997)

It is concluded that ALA-PDT could be effective in treating certain viral infections, particularly those resulting in warts.
Handling of Reactive Compounds for X-ray Structure Analysis (1987)

Methods have been developed that allow simple handling of highly reactive crystalline compounds in preparation for x-ray analysis. The essence of the method consists in protecting the crystals with a layer of hydrocarbon oil during manipulation. Crystals can be prepared by controlled atmosphere techniques, but thereafter all handling can be carried out in the open. Routine use of gas stream cooling (<140 K) during x-ray data collection has allowed long-term exposure with retention of crystal integrity, without the use of protective capillaries. Use of fast data acquisition methods allows determination of new structures in 24 hrs, or less, without use of other analytical techniques.
Gaseous Transmitters and Neuroendocrine Regulation (1997)

Recent work has demonstrated that the brain has the capacity to synthesize impressive amounts of the gases nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). There is growing evidence that these gaseous molecules function as novel neural messengers in the brain. This article reviews the pertinent literature concerning the putative role of NO and CO as critical neurotransmitters and biological mediators of the neuroendocrine axis. Abundant evidence is presented which suggests that NO has an important role in the control of reproduction due to its ability to control GnRH secretion from the hypothalamus. NO potently stimulates GnRH secretion and also appears to mediate the action of one of the major transmitters controlling GnRH secretion, glutamate. Evidence is presented which suggests that NO stimulates GnRH release due to its ability to modulate the heme-containing enzyme, guanylate cyclase, which leads to enhanced production of the second messenger molecule, cGMP. A physiological role for NO in the preovulatory LH surge was also evidenced by findings that inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotides to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) attenuate the steroid-induced and preovulatory LH surge. CO may also play a role in stimulating GnRH secretion as heme molecules stimulate GnRH release in vitro, an effect which requires heme oxygenase activity and is blocked by the gaseous scavenger molecule, hemoglobin. Evidence is also reviewed which suggests that NO acts to restrain the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as it inhibits HPA stimulation by various stimulants such as interleukin-1 beta, vasopressin, and inflammation. This effect fits a proinflammatory role of NO as it leads to suppression of the release of the anti-inflammatory corticosteroids from the adrenal. Although not as intensely studied as NO, CO has been shown to suppress stimulated CRH release and may also function to restrain the HPA axis. Evidence implicating NO in the control of prolactin and growth hormone secretion is also reviewed and discussed, as is the possible role of NO acting directly at the anterior pituitary. Taken as a whole, the current data suggest that the diffusible gases, NO and CO, act as novel transmitters in the neuroendocrine axis and mediate a variety of important neuroendocrine functions.
A novel failure response policy for single-arm cluster tools with residency time constraints (2014)

It is very challenging to schedule a residency time-constrained single-arm cluster tool with failure-prone process modules. In some cases, when a failure occurs, the degraded tool is not schedulable. However, it is highly desired to respond to a process module failure properly such that the tool can continue working and the wafers in the tool can be completed in a feasible way. Thus, in this paper, Petri net models are developed to describe the discrete-event behavior of a single-arm cluster tool. With the models, failure response policies are given to control the cluster tool such that it can keep working without violating any residency time constraints. They are implemented via efficient real-time control laws. Illustrative examples are presented to show their usage.
Suppression of Polyglutamine Toxicity by the Yeast Sup35 Prion Domain in Drosophila (2007)

The propensity of proteins to form beta-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils is related to a variety of biological phenomena, including a number of human neurodegenerative diseases and prions. A subset of amyloidogenic proteins forms amyloid fibrils through glutamine/asparagine (Q/N)-rich domains, such as pathogenic polyglutamine (poly(Q)) proteins involved in neurodegenerative disease, as well as yeast prions. In the former, the propensity of an expanded poly(Q) tract to abnormally fold confers toxicity on the respective protein, leading to neuronal dysfunction. In the latter, Q/N-rich prion domains mediate protein aggregation important for epigenetic regulation. Here, we investigated the relationship between the pathogenic ataxin-3 protein of the human disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and the yeast prion Sup35, using Drosophila as a model system. We found that the capacity of the Sup35 prion domain to mediate protein aggregation is conserved in Drosophila. Although select yeast prions enhance poly(Q) toxicity in yeast, the Sup35N prion domain suppressed poly(Q) toxicity in the fly. Suppression required the oligopeptide repeat of the Sup35N prion domain, which is critical for prion properties in yeast. These results suggest a trans effect of prion domains on pathogenic poly(Q) disease proteins in a multicellular environment and raise the possibility that Drosophila may allow studies of prion mechanisms.
Trichloroethylene Adsorption by Fibrous and Granular Activated Carbons:  Aqueous Phase, Gas Phase, and Water Vapor Adsorption Studies (2004)

The important adsorption components involved in the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) by fibrous and granular activated carbons from aqueous solutions were systematically examined. Namely, adsorption of TCE itself (i.e., TCE vapor isotherms), water molecules (i.e., water vapor isotherms), and TCE in water (i.e., TCE aqueous phase isotherms) were studied, side-by-side, using 20 well-characterized surface-modified activated carbons. The results showed that TCE molecular size and geometry, activated carbon surface hydrophilicity, pore volume, and pore size distribution in micropores control adsorption of TCE at relatively dilute aqueous solutions. TCE adsorption increased as the carbon surface hydrophilicity decreased and the pore volume in micropores of less than 10 A, especially in the 5-8 A range, increased. TCE molecules appeared to access deep regions of carbon micropores due to their flat geometry. The results indicated that characteristics of both adsorbate (i.e., the molecular structure, size, and geometry) and activated carbon (surface hydrophilicity, pore volume, and pore size distribution of micropores) control adsorption of synthetic organic compounds from water and wastewaters. The important micropore size region for a target compound adsorption depends on its size and geometry.