gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing references upon object migration: applying separation of concerns (2002)

Java mobile object systems generally rely on Java RMI (Remote Method Invocation) to transmit objects between remote sites. As a consequence, the semantics of parameter passing and value returning is restricted to the choices made by, the designers of RMI. Nevertheless, some applications require more adaptability in this regard. Resources (i.e., passive objects) may need to be transferred using a particular strategy depending not only on their type (like RMI statically permits), but also possibly on application-specific criteria, such as instance-based (e.g, the expected size of an instance) or environment-based (e.g., the state of the net-work). Indeed, the strategy adopted to transmit an object can be seen as a nonfunctional aspect, and therefore should possibly be specified separately from the application object code, and its use should be transparent. We present how a suitable reflective extension of Java can easily be applied to elegantly solve this issue, achieving a clean separation of concerns. We illustrate our approach by showing the implementation of a metaobject for the rebinding policy, and a concrete example of use. We also briefly explain our solution for the remote reference policy.
Cation-induced attachment of ciliary dynein cross-bridges (1978)

Isolated, demembranated Unio gill cilia that have been activated and fixed for thin-section electron microscopy in the presence of 2 mM MgSO4 have 87% of their outer dynein arms attached to an adjacent B subfiber. The distribution of attached arms is uniform with respect to doublet position in the cilium. When both 0.1 mM ATP and Mg++ are added to the activation and fixation solutions, the frequency of bridged arms is reduced to 48%. At the same time, the distribution of the attached arms appears to have been systematically modified with respect to doublet position and the active bend plane. Those doublet pairs positioned in the bend plane where interdoublet sliding is minimal retain a greater number of bridged arms than those doublet pairs positioned outside the bend plane where sliding is maximal. These observations imply a functional coupling of the Mg++-induced bridging of the dynein arms and the subsequent binding and hydrolysis of ATP that results in a force-generating cross-bridge cycle.
A novel single-cell proliferation assay shows that long-term culture- initiating cell (LTC-IC) maintenance over time results from the extensive proliferation of a small fraction of LTC-IC (1995)

We have previously shown that when adult marrow CD34+/HLA-DR- cells are cultured for 5 or 8 weeks in the presence of stroma-conditioned media with interleukin-3 (IL-3) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) are maintained but not expanded. However, if the same cultures are evaluated after 2 weeks, we show that LTC-IC expand 5.5- +/- 0.2-fold. Because expansion of LTC-IC is likely the result of a balance between proliferation and loss of LTC-IC, we hypothesized that, although LTC-IC proliferate in these cultures, loss of a fraction of LTC-IC underlies the lack of long-term expansion. To evaluate the fate of LTC-IC (proliferation, conservation, or loss), we performed PKH-26 labeling assays and developed a single LTC-IC proliferation assay. For PKH-26 labeling assays, CD34+/HLA-DR- cells were incubated with the membrane intercallating dye, PKH-26, before culture for 14 days in stroma-noncontact cultures + IL-3 + MIP-1 alpha. Progeny was reselected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting based on their PKH-26 fluorescence intensity. These studies showed that LTC-IC proliferate because 80% of LTC-IC at week 2 had 0.5 to 1 log lower fluorescence intensity than did freshly labeled CD34+/HLA-DR- cells. To further determine the fate of LTC-IC, we also developed a single LTC-IC proliferation assay. A population of CD34+/CD33- cells, highly enriched in LTC-IC, was sorted singly in stroma-conditioned media+IL-3 + MIP-1 alpha. After 5 weeks, the content of each well was divided equally over 8 secondary stroma-containing wells and cultured for 8 weeks to determine the capacity of the single-cell progeny to initiate 1 or more secondary stromal cultures. Progeny of single-sorted cells were able to initiate up to 8 secondary long-term cultures, demonstrating that LTC-IC proliferate in stroma-conditioned media+IL-3 + MIP-1 alpha. However, more than 65% of single-sorted LTC-IC were not conserved because their progeny could no longer initiate secondary long-term cultures. This finding indicates that, although stromal factors and IL-3 + MIP-1 alpha can induce proliferation of LTC-IC, failure to conserve a large fraction of LTC-IC results in lack of long-term expansion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Special devices for differential analyzers (1950)

SEVERAL PAPERS have been written <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1–5</sup> describing the differential analyzer and the complex engineering problems which can be studied with it. The range of the analyzer is being extended continuously by the development of special devices which will generate auxiliary functions and assist in the representing of physical detail, thus, in effect, increasing the number of integrators available for the solution of a given problem.
Time Expression Recognition Using a Constituent-based Tagging Scheme (2018)

We find from four datasets that time expressions are formed by loose structure and the words used to express time information can differentiate time expressions from common text. The findings drive us to design a learning method named TOMN to model time expressions. TOMN defines a time-related tagging scheme named TOMN scheme with four tags, namely \tomnT,\tomnO, \tomnM,and \tomnN, indicating the constituents of time expression, namely \tomnT ime token, \tomnM odifier, \tomnN umeral, and the words \tomnO utside time expression. In modeling, TOMN assigns a word with a TOMN tag under conditional random fields with minimal features. Essentially, our constituent-based TOMN scheme overcomes the problem of inconsistent tag assignment that is caused by the conventional position-based tagging schemes (\eg BIO scheme and BILOU scheme). Experiments show that TOMN is equally or more effective than state-of-the-art methods on various datasets, and much more robust on cross-datasets. Moreover, our analysis can explain many empirical observations in other works about time expression recognition and named entity recognition.
Advocating Advocacy (2002)

This article looks at the legal and policy context for the development of advocacy services and considers the legal issues which arise when developing standards and codes of practice for advocacy services, in particular capacity, consent and confidentiality.
Liuhua 11-1 Development-Downhole Completion Program with Electric Submersible Pumps and Wet-Mateable Electrical Connectors (1996)

Abstract Amoco Orient Petroleum Company, in partnership with China Offshore Oil Nanhai East Corporation and Kerr- McGee China Petroleum Ltd. is installing the first field-wide, subsea electric submersible pump system in the Liuhua Field. Located in the South China Sea, the Liuhua project uses many existing stand-alone technologies, but has created a unique situation by combining them in the development of one field. As with other subprojects within the overall Liuhua development, Amoco and partners brought in LasalIe Engineering to provide expertise in completions and especially ESP applications, Selection of the completion equipment suppliers and the specific equipment was a joint decision by the partners and Lasalle Engineering. The equipment selection criteria were driven by the concept of 'fit for purpose,' meaning: 'select the most appropriate supplier and equipment to fit the specific Liuhua Field requirements.' Supplier and equipment selections were based on a matrix of criteria, including:Information case histories of the recommended equipmentWork history in ChinaThe company's safety philosophyQA planTraining philosophyFailure analysis philosophycostsOther factor Lasalle's compensation for the completion equipment is based on an incentive scheme that results in Lasalle sharing significant risk. Essentially, if the equipment is available for production, a daily rate is paid. If it is not available, then payments stop. The actual daily rate value diminishes with every new installation, thereby requiring increasingly longer operating-run lives to recover their investments. This paper describes some of the unique completion equipment requirements, the equipment selection methodology, and the completion equipment incentive contract scheme used for the Liuhua Field. Liuhua Field Description The Liuhua Field is located in the South China Sea approximately 120 miles (200 km) southeast of Hong Kong (Fig. 1). The field is located in approximately 1,020 ft (310 m) of water. Liuhua was discovered in 1987, and appraisal and delineation drilling occurred through 1989. Amoco Orient Petroleum Company, and partner China Offshore Oil Nanhai East Corporation (CONHE) received approval for the development of the Liuhua Field in 1993 (Refs. 1 and 2). The field development plans include 20 subsea horizontal wells, all incoporating ESPS for artificial lift. As shown in Fig. 2, the offshore facilities include a floating production system (FPS) described in OTC 8187 (Ref. 3), a subsea production system described in OTC 8175 (Ref. 4), and a floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel described in OTC 8188 (Ref. 5). The FPS is a semi-submersible drilling unit that has been retrofitted to house the subsea facility control system and provide the power generation for the wells. The FPSO is a 143,000 dwt tanker that has been retrofitted to include the field's process equipment, oil storage, and offloading.
Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration Using Mixed Human Chondrocytes and Transforming Growth Factor-β <sub>1</sub> - Producing Chondrocytes (2005)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cartilage regeneration when using a mixture of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-producing human chondrocytes (hChon-TGF-beta1) and primary human chondrocytes (hChon) ("mixed cells"), compared with either hChon-TGF-beta1 or hChon cells alone. Specifically, mixed cells or hChon cells were first injected intradermally into the backs of immune-deficient nude mice to test the feasibility of cartilage formation in vivo. Both the mixed cells and the hChon-TGF-beta1 cells alone induced cartilage formation in nude mice, whereas hChon cells alone did not. To further test the efficacy of the cells in generating cartilage, an artificially induced partial thickness defect of the femoral condyle of a rabbit knee joint was loaded with hChon-TGF-beta1 cells with or without mixing additional untransduced hChon cells, and hyaline cartilage regeneration was observed at 4 or 6 weeks. The efficiency of complete filling of the defect and the quality of tissue generated after implanting were evaluated on the basis of a histological grading system modified from O'Driscoll et al. (J. Bone Joint Surg. 70A, 595, 1988). Significantly, mixed cells (14.2 +/- 0.9) produced significantly better results than hChon-TGF-beta1 (9.0 +/- 1.7) or hChon (8.0 +/- 1.8) cells alone. Histological and immunohistochemical staining of the newly repaired tissues produced after treatment with either mixed cells or hChon-TGF-beta1 cells alone showed hyaline cartilage- like characteristics. These results suggest that the implantation of mixed cells may be a clinically efficient method of regenerating hyaline articular cartilage.
Reduction in flux divergence at vias for improved electromigration in multilayered AlCu interconnects (1996)

Using of W-plug vias in AlCu interconnects is known to significantly degrade electromigration (EM) performance because W is a diffusion barrier and prevents the depleting species by EM from being replenished at the via. In the present study, we demonstrate that this problem of limited source for EM migrating species can be dramatically alleviated in a multilayered metallization of TiN/AlCu/TiN using Al-plug vias. EM lifetime improvements as large as by an order of magnitude are accomplished by reducing the flux divergence at the Al-plug via. This flux divergence is critically determined by the effective thickness of some transition metal films at the via, which include a Ti/TiN stack for the via barrier and a TiN layer of antireflection coating for the bottom level metal lead. Scanning electron microscopy failure analysis also verifies that the samples with W-plug vias have the void damages consistently located at the via. For the samples with Al-plug vias and with the flux divergence at the via being largely reduced, the void failures locate on the metal lead and no visible damage at or within the via, indicating the reduced flux divergence at the via has become smaller than those generated on the metal lead due to microstructural variations.
Synthesis of Giant Zeolite Crystals by a Bulk-Material Dissolution Technique. (2000)

Giant MFI zeolite crystals with the size of ca. 3 mm were synthesized from a piece of quartz glass tube as the entire silica source under aqueous hydrothermal conditions. The similar procedures were successful in synthesizing large crystals of some frameworks, such as ANA, JBW, CAN and SOD.
Synthetic and biosynthetic studies of porphyrins. Part 7. The action of coproporphyrinogen oxidase on coproporphyrinogen-IV: syntheses of protoporphyrin-XIII, mesoporphyrin XIII, and related tricarboxylic porphyrins (1987)

Coproporphyrinogen-IV (2a) is converted by an enzyme system from chicken blood into a tricarboxylic porphyrinogen (2b) and protoporphyrinogen-XIII (2c). The corresponding porphyrins were isolated as their methyl esters (3b) and (3c) and their structures were deduced by mass and n.m.r. spectrometry (including the use of shift reagents). Confirmation of these conclusions was obtained by total synthesis of the new porphyrins by the MacDonald and ac-biladiene routes. The vinyl groups were introduced either via acetoxyethyl side-chains derived from precursor pyrroles, or by reduction and dehydration of acetyl groups inserted into the porphyrins during the final stages of the syntheses. Mesoporphyrin-XIII dimethyl ester (3m) and the ethyl analogue (3n) of the vinyl tripropionate porphyrin (3b) were also synthesized by the MacDonald route.
Defect and Fault Tolerance of Reconfigurable Molecular Computing (2004)

Fault detection and diagnosis techniques that are essential for defect tolerance, fault tolerance and self-repair of reconfigurable molecular computing systems are discussed. These techniques enable robust molecular computing system design protected from manufacturing defects and run-time errors in the underlying hardware. In this paper, we demonstrate how test and diagnosis techniques originally developed for FPGAs can be used in the context of molecular computing.
Airline Crew Recovery (2000)

An airline schedule rarely operates as planned. It is often disrupted by maintenance problems or severe weather conditions. In a typical day, several flights may be delayed or canceled, and aircraft and crews may miss the rest of their assigned flights. Airline coordinators have to find a minimal cost reassignment of aircraft and crews that satisfies all required safety rules, has little impact on passengers, and minimizes operational difficulties for the airline. The size of the entire schedule and the real-time nature of the problem rule out a full-scale optimization. It is necessary to reduce the complexity and the size of the problem before an optimization approach can be applied. In this paper, we focus on the problem of airline crew recovery. A new solution framework is developed, implemented, and tested. It provides, in almost real time, a recovery plan for reassigning crews to restore a disrupted crew schedule. Preprocessing techniques are applied to extract a subset of the schedule for rescheduling. A fast crew-pairing generator is built that enumerates feasible continuations of partially flown crew trips. Several branching strategies are presented that allow fast generation of integer solutions. We disturb the current schedule as little as possible, exploiting the fact that the planned schedule is optimal. The proposed framework has been implemented using tree-based data structures for efficient storage and data access. Computational results using a schedule from a major air carrier are presented.
A cluster of transcribed sequences between the Pb and Ob genes of the murine major histocompatibility complex. (1991)

The region of the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) between the Pb (A beta 3) and Ob (A beta 2) genes controls the expression of an intracellular complex named the LMP (low molecular weight polypeptide) complex. DNA probes for at least seven different genes mapping to this region were isolated. These hybridize to a minimum of eight different transcripts ranging from approximately 1.3 to 3.7 kilobases (kb). The deduced amino acid sequences of the corresponding cDNAs indicate that three of these genes are new members of the MHC class II gene family. These genes are transcribed in a tissue-specific pattern similar to that of the traditional class II genes. Two of the remaining four genes, HAM1 and HAM2, are homologous to one another and to a family of eukaryotic and prokaryotic transport proteins and may be involved in antigen processing. The tissue distribution of HAM1 transcripts is consistent with its proposed role in class I-restricted antigen processing, whereas HAM2 transcription appears more restricted and may be involved in antigen processing for class II-restricted T cells. The HAM2 gene may produce two differentially spliced transcripts. The identity of the remaining two genes is not known. Analyses of transcript sizes, tissue distribution, sequence, and genetic mapping data suggest that none of these genes code for LMP antigens.
The NMR spectra of some substituted dibenzothiophenes (1969)

Abstract In order to use the NMR spectra of dibenzothiophenes to determine the position of substitution, a series of compounds has been prepared, most of which are new while some represent an improved method of preparation of previously reported compounds. With the exception of one, the structures of the compounds prepared were not in doubt, however the splitting patterns and chemical shifts presented here will facilitate future structure determinations of dibenzothiophenes.
Colossal Ionic Conductivity at Interfaces of Epitaxial ZrO <sub>2</sub> :Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> /SrTiO <sub>3</sub> Heterostructures (2008)

The search for electrolyte materials with high oxygen conductivities is a key step toward reducing the operation temperature of fuel cells, which is currently above 700 degrees C. We report a high lateral ionic conductivity, showing up to eight orders of magnitude enhancement near room temperature, in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/strontium titanate epitaxial heterostructures. The enhancement of the conductivity is observed, along with a YSZ layer thickness-independent conductance, showing that it is an interface process. We propose that the atomic reconstruction at the interface between highly dissimilar structures (such as fluorite and perovskite) provides both a large number of carriers and a high-mobility plane, yielding colossal values of the ionic conductivity.
Learning Algorithms for Active Learning (2017)

We introduce a model that learns active learning algorithms via metalearning. For a distribution of related tasks, our model jointly learns: a data representation, an item selection heuristic, and a method for constructing prediction functions from labeled training sets. Our model uses the item selection heuristic to gather labeled training sets from which to construct prediction functions. Using the Omniglot and MovieLens datasets, we test our model in synthetic and practical settings.
Fast Burrows Wheeler Compression Using All-Cores (2015)

In this paper, we present an all-core implementation of Burrows Wheeler Compression algorithm that exploits all computing resources on a system. Our focus is to provide significant benefit to everyday users on common end-to-end applications by exploiting the parallelism of multiple CPU cores and additional accelerators, viz. Many-core GPU, on their machines. The all-core framework is suitable for problems that process large files or buffers in blocks. We consider a system to be made up of compute stations and use a work-queue to dynamically divide the tasks among them. Each compute station uses an implementation that optimally exploits its architecture. We develop a fast GPU BWC algorithm by extending the state-of-the-art GPU string sort to efficiently perform BWT step of BWC. Our hybrid BWC with GPU acceleration achieves a 2.9× speedup over best CPU implementation. Our all-core framework allows concurrent processing of blocks by both GPU and all available CPU cores. We achieve a 3.06× speedup by using all CPU cores and a 4.87× speedup when we additionally use an accelerator i.e. GPU. Our approach will scale to the number and different types of computing resources or accelerators found on a system.
SecVisor (2007)

We propose SecVisor, a tiny hypervisor that ensures code integrity for commodity OS kernels. In particular, SecVisor ensures that only user-approved code can execute in kernel mode over the entire system lifetime. This protects the kernel against code injection attacks, such as kernel rootkits. SecVisor can achieve this propertyeven against an attacker who controls everything but the CPU, the memory controller, and system memory chips. Further, SecVisor can even defend against attackers with knowledge of zero-day kernel exploits.
Investigation of the Nojima Earthquake Fault Occurred on Awaji Island in the Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake. (1995)

On January17, 1995, the earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurred in the southern Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The Nojima Earthquake Fault 17km long was formed from Ezaki lighthouse at the northeastern end of Awaji island to Ichinomiya-cho, which occurred along the Nojima geological fault in the northern segment and as a new fault in the southern segment. The northern segment of the Nojima Earthquake Fault is composed of some subparallel shear faults and a lot of echelon extension cracks, and the southern segment consists of some discontinuous surface ruptures.The Nojima Earthquake Fault shows a general trend striking N30°-60°E, dipping 75°-85°E. The topographical deformation and striations on the fault plane generated during seismic faulting show that the Nojima Earthquake Fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault with some thrust component. The largest displacements are 180cm in horizontal, 130cm in vertical, and 215cm in netslip measured at the Nojima Hirbayashi fault scarp.
Electrical transport properties of perpendicular magnetized Mn-Ga epitaxial films (2010)

We report electrical transport properties of perpendicular magnetized Mn-Ga epitaxial films with various thicknesses. The maximum extraordinary Hall resistivity and Hall angle is 11.5 μΩ cm and 5.7%, respectively, which is comparable to the highest value reported in amorphous Fe0.79Gd0.21 alloy. In the low temperature region, resistivity was proportional to T2.9 owing to the unconventional one-magnon scattering processes, indicating high spin polarization of this material.