gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Strength of Syntax Based Approaches to Dynamic Network Intrusion Detection (2006)

In this paper, we investigate three syntax based, sliding window schemes for automatic intrusion detection. The first method, the fixed partition sliding window scheme (FPSW), uses a fixed window size and a one-byte sliding window. The second method, referred to as variable-length partition sliding window (VPSW), uses a variable length window with a predetermined breakmark. The third method, referred to as variable-length partition with multiple breakmarks (VPMB), is similar to VPSW except that multiple breakmarks are used. The results indicate that while the FPSW and VPSW methods are effective for detecting worms with mild changes in the worm code contents, VPMB is suitable for detecting fully polymorphic worms.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of polycrystalline aluminum nitride thin films by optimizing the interface structure (2012)

The growth-temperature dependency and interface structure effects on the thermal conductivity of the highly textured AlN thin films on (001) Si substrates were systematically studied by characterizing the crystal structures, surface morphologies, interface structures, chemical compositions, and thermal conductivity using x-ray diffraction analysis, atomic force microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 3-omega method, respectively. By optimizing the interface microstructure and the growth temperature, thermal conductivity of polycrystalline AlN thin films can be greatly enhanced from 9.9 to 26.7 W/mK, when the growth temperature increases from 330 to 560 °C. This achievement is considered to be associated with the diminishment of the amorphous and disordered layer at the AlN/Si interface.
A comprehensive spectrometry study of a stray neutron radiation field in scanning proton therapy (2016)

The purpose of this study is to characterize the stray neutron radiation field in scanning proton therapy considering a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom and a clinically-relevant beam condition. Using two extended-range Bonner sphere spectrometry systems (ERBSS), Working Group 9 of the European Radiation Dosimetry Group measured neutron spectra at ten different positions around a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom irradiated for a brain tumor with a scanning proton beam. This study compares the different systems and unfolding codes as well as neutron spectra measured in similar conditions around a water tank phantom. The ten spectra measured with two ERBSS systems show a generally similar thermal component regardless of the position around the phantom while high energy neutrons (above 20 MeV) were only registered at positions near the beam axis (at 0°, 329° and 355°). Neutron spectra, fluence and ambient dose equivalent, H (*)(10), values of both systems were in good agreement (<15%) while the unfolding code proved to have a limited effect. The highest H (*)(10) value of 2.7 μSv Gy(-1) was measured at 329° to the beam axis and 1.63 m from the isocenter where high-energy neutrons (E ⩾ 20 MeV) contribute with about 53%. The neutron mapping within the gantry room showed that H (*)(10) values significantly decreased with distance and angular position with respect to the beam axis dropping to 0.52 μSv Gy(-1) at 90° and 3.35 m. Spectra at angles of 45° and 135° with respect to the beam axis measured here with an anthropomorphic phantom showed a similar peak structure at the thermal, fast and high energy range as in the previous water-tank experiments. Meanwhile, at 90°, small differences at the high-energy range were observed. Using ERBSS systems, neutron spectra mapping was performed to characterize the exposure of scanning proton therapy patients. The ten measured spectra provide precise information about the exposure of healthy organs to thermal, epithermal, evaporation and intra-nuclear cascade neutrons. This comprehensive spectrometry analysis can also help in understanding the tremendous literature data based rem-counters while also being of great value for general neutron shielding and radiation safety studies.
Relationship between higher-order wavefront aberrations and natural progression of myopia in schoolchildren (2017)

This study investigated the relationship between higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and myopia progression as well as axial elongation in schoolchildren. We examined cycloplegic refraction, axial length, and wavefront aberrations prospectively in 71 myopic children. Changes in cycloplegic refraction and axial length during a 2-year study period were assessed, and their correlations with HOA components were analyzed. Sixty-four subjects ([mean ± SD] 9.2 ± 1.6 years) completed the 2-year examinations. Cycloplegic refraction was significantly changed after 2 years (P < 0.0001), and the average change (myopia progression) was -1.60 ± 1.04 D. Axial length also increased significantly (P < 0.0001), and the average increase (axial elongation) was 0.77 ± 0.40 mm. Myopia progression and axial elongation showed significant correlations with many components of corneal HOA (P < 0.0001 to P = 0.0270). Multivariate analysis showed that the total HOA of the cornea was the most relevant variable to myopia progression and axial elongation (P < 0.0001). Eyes with larger amounts of corneal HOAs showed less myopia progression and smaller axial elongation, suggesting that corneal HOAs play a role in the refractive and ocular developments in children.
BioMASS v2.0: A NEW TOOL FOR BIOPROCESS SIMULATION (2011)

A simulation software (BioMASS - Biological Modeling and Simulation Software) was upgraded from the previous version and provided with additional enhancements. Several new bioprocess configurations and their subroutines have been added. The additional processes included continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with biomass recycle, and CSTR with additional stream in the second stage. The primary goal in the development of BioMASS v2.0 was to provide users with a ready-to-use, expressive visual modeling tools. In this new version, output from simulation can be visualized in graphics. Printing, exporting, and saving file options also are available. In summary, BioMASS v2.0 offers an effective way of better understanding bioprocessing.
Changes in charge density of heparan sulfate isolated from cancerous human liver tissue. (1981)

Heparan sulfate fractions were isolated from three normal human livers and three cancerous human liver tissues, and their polyanionic properties were examined using electrophoresis, sequential partition fractionation, and chemical analyses. More than 60% of total glycosaminoglycans from normal human liver and about 30% from cancerous liver tissue were found to be heparan sulfate from their resistance to exhaustive digestion with chondroitinase ABC and their susceptibility to nitrous acid treatment. The heparan sulfate isolated from cancerous liver tissue afforded a lower sulfate/uronic acid molar ratio (0.58 to 0.65) than did normal human liver heparan sulfate (0.76 to 0.80). Also, the former showed lower electrophoretic mobility in 0.1 M HCl and a different partition fractionation profile in comparison with the latter. These differences in charge density of the macromolecule were not detected on the chondroitin sulfate and/or dermatan sulfate fractions isolated from normal human liver and cancerous liver tissue.
METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification is critical for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of gastric cancer (2019)

Collectively, our findings indicate the critical role of m6A modification in GC and uncover METTL3/ZMYM1/E-cadherin signaling as a potential therapeutic target in anti-metastatic strategy against GC.
Nanophase cobalt, nickel and zinc ferrites: synchrotronXAS study on the crystallite size dependence of metal distribution (2007)

Nanophase cobalt, nickel and zinc ferrites, in which the crystallites are in the size range 4-25 nm, were synthesised by coprecipitation and subsequent annealing. X-Ray absorption spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation (supported by X-ray powder diffraction) was used to study the effects of particle size on the distributions of the metal atoms over the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the spinel structure. Deviations from the bulk structure were found which are attributed to the significant influence of the surface on very small particles. Like the bulk material, nickel ferrite is an inverse spinel in the nanoregime, although the population of metals on the octahedral sites increases with decreasing particle size. Cobalt ferrite and zinc ferrite take the inverse and normal forms of the spinel structure respectively, but within the nanoregime both systems show similar trends in being partially inverted. Further, in zinc ferrite, unlike the normal bulk structure, the nanophase system involves mixed coordinations of zinc(ii) and iron(iii) consistent with increasing partial inversion with size.
The Relationship of the Silicon Surface Roughness and Gate Oxide Integrity in NH<sub>4</sub>OH/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Mixtures (1992)

In this study some recent findings on the cleaning action of the NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 (SC1) step in a pre-gate oxidation cleaning (RCA cleaning) are given. An important parameter in this mixture is the NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 ratio. The Fe contamination on the silicon surface after this cleaning step is found to increase upon decreasing the NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 ratio. This can be attributed to the incorporation of Fe in the chemical oxide, grown by the hydrogen peroxide. The particle removal efficiency of the cleaning step is found to decrease upon decreasing the NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 ratio. On the other hand, using a lower NH 4 OH concentration results in a less severe silicon surface roughening. It is demonstrated in this study that the NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 ratio during the SC1 step of the cleaning is the determining parameter for the breakdown properties of a gate oxide. A (0.25/1/5) NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 /H 2 O mixture at 75°C in our experimental conditions is suggested to be the best compromise between particle removal and surface roughness during the SC1 step.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERNAL METALLATION OF N‐ OR P‐DONOR BIDENTATE LIGANDS TO GIVE MULTIDENTATE ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS (1973)

Abstract Dimethylbenzylamin (I) und das Palladiumsalz (II) ergeben bei 20°C in Äthanol den Palladium‐Komplex (III).
An Electron-Positron Beam-Plasma Experiment (1995)

Advances in positron trapping techniques have made it possible to perform the first electron-positron plasma experiments in a laboratory. An electron-positron beam-plasma system is studied by transmitting a low-energy electron beam through positron plasmas stored in cylindrical and quadrupole Penning traps. In the cylindrical trap, positron heating consistent with a two-stream instability is observed. In the quadrupole trap, a transit-time instability is excited, leading to a large amplitude oscillation of the positron plasma and ejection of positrons from the well.
Graphitic Foam Thermal Management Materials for Electronic Packaging (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The goal of this program is to utilize the recently developed high conductivity carbon foam for thermal management in electronics (heat exchangers and heat sinks). The technique used to fabricate the foam produces mesophase pitch-based graphitic foam with extremely high thermal conductivity and an open-celled structure. The thermal properties of the foam have been increased by 79% from 106 to 187 W/m·K at a density of 0.56 g/cm<sup>3</sup> through process optimization. It has been demonstrated that when the high-thermal-conductivity graphitic foam is utilized as the core material for the heat exchanger, the effective heat transfer can be increased by at least an order of magnitude compared to traditional designs. A once-through-foam core/aluminum-plated heat exchanger has been fabricated for testing in electronic modules for power inverters.</div>
Distributed shared memory using the .NET framework (2003)

The paper introduces a software-only object based Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) implementation designed as an extension to the Microsoft .NET Framework, which adds facilities for sharing objects following the Multiple Readers Multiple Writer (MRMW) memory model, including object replication. The presented implementation is facilitated by a memory coherence protocol previously developed by the author, which uses group communication using IP multicasting and delivers causally consistent memory. The paper describes an attempt to implement the DSM wholly in the context of .NET Remoting by extending it with an UDP-based channel service, a proxy implementation for object access interception and threads performing the receiving and sending parts of the coherence protocol, as well as the final implementation approach. The described DSM implementation allows the construction of distributed applications with a simple programming model, that can be deployed in any networked environment where multicast is available.
Tri-peptide cationic lipids for gene delivery (2014)

Several novel tri-peptide cationic lipids were designed and synthesized for delivering DNA and siRNA. They have tri-lysine and tri-ornithine as head groups, carbamate group as linker and 12 and 14 carbon atom alkyl groups as tails. These tri-peptide cationic lipids were prepared into cationic liposomes for the study of the physicochemical properties and gene delivery. Their particle size, Zeta potential and DNA-binding were characterized to show that they were suitable for gene transfection. The further results indicate that these lipids can transfer DNA and siRNA very efficiently into NCI-H460 and Hep-2 tumor cells. The selected lipid, CDO14, was able to deliver combined siRNAs against c-Myc and VEGF for silencing distinct oncogenic pathways in lung tumors of mice, with little <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> toxicity.
Modeling time and space metering of flights in the national airspace system (2004)

Metering flights at key points such as sector crossings is an important operational procedure in mitigating National Airspace System (NAS) traffic congestion due to high demand or changing weather conditions. The authors combine a mathematical model for minutes-in-trail or miles-in-trail (MIT) metering with discrete event simulation in a newly developed tool that can be used by analysts to examine or predict existing or developing bottlenecks within NAS. We define a penalty function recursively in terms of MIT delays between leading and following flights. With discrete event simulations, it is possible to examine the anticipated MIT delays for all the flights scheduled to arrive at any crossing point. Impacts of flight cancellations, route changes, and additional enroute delays as results of airport or sector congestion can all be evaluated during each simulation by updating the scheduled flight crossing times and the expected MIT delay penalties for all the trailing flights.
AP1000{sup R} nuclear power plant safety overview for spent fuel cooling (2012)

The AP1000{sup R} plant is an 1100-MWe class pressurized water reactor with passive safety features and extensive plant simplifications that enhance construction, operation, maintenance, safety and costs. The AP1000 design uses passive features to mitigate design basis accidents. The passive safety systems are designed to function without safety-grade support systems such as AC power, component cooling water, service water or HVAC. Furthermore, these passive features 'fail safe' during a non-LOCA event such that DC power and instrumentation are not required. The AP1000 also has simple, active, defense-in-depth systems to support normal plant operations. These active systems provide the first level of defense against more probable events and they provide investment protection, reduce the demands on the passive features and support the probabilistic risk assessment. The AP1000 passive safety approach allows the plant to achieve and maintain safe shutdown in case of an accident for 72 hours without operator action, meeting the expectations provided in the U.S. Utility Requirement Document and the European Utility Requirements for passive plants. Limited operator actions are required to maintain safe conditions in the spent fuel pool via passive means. In line with the AP1000 approach to safety described above, the AP1000 plant design features multiple,more » diverse lines of defense to ensure spent fuel cooling can be maintained for design-basis events and beyond design-basis accidents. During normal and abnormal conditions, defense-in-depth and other systems provide highly reliable spent fuel pool cooling. They rely on off-site AC power or the on-site standby diesel generators. For unlikely design basis events with an extended loss of AC power (i.e., station blackout) or loss of heat sink or both, spent fuel cooling can still be provided indefinitely: - Passive systems, requiring minimal or no operator actions, are sufficient for at least 72 hours under all possible pool heat load conditions. - After 3 days, several different means are provided to continue spent fuel cooling using installed plant equipment as well as off-site equipment with built-in connections. Even for beyond design basis accidents with postulated pool damage and multiple failures in the passive safety-related systems and in the defense-in-depth active systems, the AP1000 multiple spent fuel pool spray and fill systems provide additional lines of defense to prevent spent fuel damage. (authors)« less
.alpha.-Amino acid chelative complexation by an arylboronic acid (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Amino acid chelative complexation by an arylboronic acidLinda K. Mohler and Anthony W. CzarnikCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 15, 7037–7038Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00068a097https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00068a097research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views685Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Semiconductor electrodes. IV. Electrochemical behavior of n- and p-type silicon electrodes in acetonitrile solutions (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSemiconductor electrodes. IV. Electrochemical behavior of n- and p-type silicon electrodes in acetonitrile solutionsDaniel Laser and Allen J. BardCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 5, 459–466Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/j100546a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views656Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1002 KB) Get e-Alerts
Web Service Recommendation Based on Time Series Forecasting and Collaborative Filtering (2015)

Quality of Service (QoS) has been widely used for personalized Web service recommendation. Since QoS information usually cannot be predetermined, how to make personalized QoS prediction precisely becomes a challenge of Web service recommendation. Time series forecasting and collaborative filtering are two mainstream technologies for QoS prediction. However, on one hand, existing time series forecasting approaches based on Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models do not take the latest observation as a feedback to revise forecasts. Moreover, they only focus on predicting future QoS values for each individual Web service. Service users' personalized factors are not taken into account. On the other hand, collaborative filtering facilitates user-side personalized QoS evaluation, but rarely precisely models the temporal dynamics of QoS values. To address the limitations of existing QoS prediction methods, this paper proposes a novel personalized QoS prediction approach considering both the temporal dynamics of QoS attributes and the personalized factors of service users. Our approach seamlessly combines collaborative filtering with improved time series forecasting which uses Kalman filtering to compensate for shortcomings of ARIMA models. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed approach can improve the accuracy of personalized QoS prediction significantly.