gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation scales for athletes' psychological competitive ability : development and systematization of the scales (2001)

In order to develop a method for diagnosing athletes' psychological competitive ability, we have conducting surveys of athletes in various fields since 1986. The survey were conducted on 5,334 athletes over a period of nearly 15 years. Thereafter, we sought the factors, sub-scales and total score for psychological competitive ability to analyze statistically their relationships with various athletic traits, and examined their validity and reliability. The main results are as follows: 1. We developed the Diagnostic Inventory of Psychological Competitive Ability for Athletes (DIPCA.2), as a method for diagnosing athletes' psychological competitive ability as their psychological 'traits.' The inventory comprises 52 questions (including 4 lie scale items), which can be categorized into 12 scales and 5 factors. 2. We developed the following two methods for diagnosing athletes' psychological competitive ability as their psychological 'states.' 1) One is the Diagnostic Inventory of Psychological State Before Competition (DIPS-B.1) to diagnose athletes' psychological state before competition. It comprises 20 questions (including 2 lie scale items), which can be categorized into 9 scales and 5 factors. 2) The other is the Diagnostic Inventory of Psychological State During Competition (DIPS-D.2), comprising 10 questions, to diagnose athletes' psychological states during competition. 3. We attempted to systematize the three diagnostic inventories for use in athletes' psychological guidance.
Select forms of tumor cell apoptosis induce dendritic cell maturation (2004)

Dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in initiating immune responses to tumors. DC can efficiently present antigens from apoptotic tumor cells, but apoptotic cells are thought to lack the inflammatory signals required to induce DC maturation. Here, we show that apoptosis of 67NR mouse carcinoma cells via the Fas (CD95) pathway or induced by the anticancer drug bortezomib (PS-341) but not by ultraviolet irradiation is associated with the production of maturation signals for DC. These data have important implications for the effects of chemotherapy on antitumor immunity in solid and hematologic malignancies.
Risk Statement Recognition in News Articles (2009)

Textual data are an important information source for risk management for business organizations. To effectively recognize, extract, and analyze risk-related statements in textual data, these processes need to be automated. We developed a design framework for firm-specific risk statements guided by previous economic, managerial, and natural language processing research. Four information types (risk impact, risk type, future timing, and uncertainty) were identified as the key requirements for risk recognition systems. A prototype system, AZRisk, was constructed to verify the framework. Evaluation using news sentences from the Wall Street Journal confirmed the design framework. The performance of AZRisk showed promising results for automated risk recognition.
Role of Various Microorganisms on Tc Behavior in Sediments (1989)

Marine bacteria (Moraxella sp., Planococcus sp. and a mixed population of anaerobes) from a coastal sediment were found to concentrate Tc. Maximum concentration of this element occurred during the stationary phase of growth of the bacteria, at low redox potential. A metabolic process seems responsible for Tc concentration by bacteria, in which it binds to high molecular weight cellular constituents. Polysaccharidic polymers, which were visualized around the bacterial cells with the scanning electron microscope, might bind Tc, but direct experimental evidence in favor of this hypothesis was not yet obtained. The role of sedimentary bacteria in the behavior of Tc in the marine environment is briefly discussed. The action of sulfate-reducing microorganisms is considered.
Identification and partial characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens recognized by T cells and immune sera from patients with Chagas' disease (1990)

Trypanosoma cruzi antigenic specificities involved in human T-cell and antibody responses were compared in chronic chagasic patients affected with cardiomyopathy (C) or with the indeterminate form (I), the asymptomatic form of chronic Chagas' disease. T-cell Western blotting (immunoblotting) was performed to identify the most active antigens in epimastigote extracts (EPI-Ag). The patterns of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and T-cell proliferative responses induced by fractions blotted to nitrocellulose were heterogeneous, but the computation of their frequency distribution disclosed some important antigen specificities. Molecules ranging from 100 to 150 kilodaltons (kDa) were frequently stimulatory to PBMC from I patients (5 of 8 cases) and were less so when confronted with C patient (1 of 7 cases) lymphocytes. In contrast, both groups of patients actively responded to fractions ranging from 48 to 57 and 28 to 32 kilodaltons (kDa). The Western immunoblotting patterns of antibody reactivity displayed by 17 C and 15 I patients were also similar, yielding outstanding staining in the molecular mass ranges of 70 to 80 and 43 to 57 kDa. The latter antigen complex was recognized by 100% of the 32 chronic Chagas' disease serum specimens tested and closely corresponded to the migratory position recognized by T cells of most patients tested. The identification of the active molecules contained in the 43- to 57-kDa region was sought, with a focus on GP57/51, an antigen with well-established serodiagnostic properties. Immunoblotting analysis of EPI-Ag with a monoclonal antibody to GP57/51 confirmed its presence within the predicted molecular weight region. Highly purified GP51 was then used to demonstrate directly its capacity to promote specific PBMC proliferative responses in vitro. Data computed from a survey with 12 patients have shown a linear correlation (r = 0.93) between PBMC responses to EPI-Ag and to purified GP51, suggesting that the immune response to this particular glycoprotein may be an important component of human immune responses against T. cruzi.
Stable, inducible thermoacidophilic alpha-amylase from Bacillus acidocaldarius (1976)

Bacillus acidocaldarius Agnano 101 produces an inducible thermoacidophilic alpha-amylase. The enzyme production occurs during the stationary phase of growth in the presence of compounds with alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkages. The enzymatic activity is both present in the culture medium and associated with the cells; the enzymes purified from both sources show identical molecular and catalytic properties. The purified amylase has a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 68,000 and behaves like an alpha-amylase with affinity constants for starch and related substances of 0.8 to 0.9 mg/ml. The pH and temperature optima for activity are 3.5 and 75degreesC, respectively. The amylase is stable at acidic pH (below 4.5). Its thermal stability is strictly dependent upon protein concentration; the half-life at 60degreesC of the amylase in a 70-mug/ml solution is about 5 days.
Peripheral TRPV1 Receptors As Targets for Drug Development: New Molecules and Mechanisms (2008)

Based on the painful effects of exposure to capsaicin, TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1) localization is most readily associated with peripheral sensory neurons, however, TRPV1 is now known to be expressed, albeit at lower levels, in the spinal cord, brain and a wide-range of non-neuronal cells. The latter includes epithelial cells (e.g. keratinocytes, urothelium, gastric epithelial cells, enterocytes, and pneumocytes) through vascular endothelium and cells of the immune system (e.g. T-cells and mast cells) to smooth muscle, fibroblasts and hepatocytes. Despite extensive research, the physiological function of TRPV1 in the brain and in non-neuronal tissues remains elusive. The preliminary results are exciting, but many are unconfirmed and/or contradictory. As yet, studies with TRPV1 knock-out mice have proven unhelpful in clarifying such biological roles. Now that a range of potent and selective TRPV1 antagonists are available in this rapidly expanding research field, further understanding of the biological roles of TRPV1 throughout the body is within reach. In this article, we will summarize the known roles of peripheral TRPV1 receptors in physiology and disease and review the current perspectives for the therapeutic potential of TRPV1 agonists and antagonists in the treatment of a wide range of conditions such as pain, cancer, migraine, chronic cough, asthma, rectal hypersensitivity, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, overactive bladder and diabetes. New applications of targeting central TRPV1 receptors are reviewed in the accompanying article by Starowicz et al. (in this issue).
Object detection and localization by dynamic template warping (2002)

A simple method is presented for detecting, localizing and recognizing classes of objects, that accommodates wide variation in an object's pose. The method utilizes a small two-dimensional template that is warped into an image, and converts localization to a one-dimensional sub-problem, with the search for a match between image and template executed by dynamic programming. The method recovers three of the six degrees of freedom of motion (2 translation, 1 rotation), and accommodates two more DOF in the search process (1 rotation, 1 translation), and is extensible to the final DOF. Experiments demonstrate that the method provides an efficient search strategy that outperforms normalized correlation. This is demonstrated in the example domain of face detection and localization, and is extended to more general detection tasks. An additional technique recovers a rough object pose from the match results, and is used in a two stage recognition experiment using maximization of mutual information.
Guidelines and Registration Procedures for URI Schemes (2015)

This document updates the guidelines and recommendations, as well as
the IANA registration processes, for the definition of Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI) schemes. It obsoletes RFC 4395.
Influence of solvents on the crystal habit and properties of rofecoxib and celecoxib: No evidence of polymorphism (2010)

Background: In many cases, drugs can exist in more than one crystalline form; the phenomenon is known as polymorphism. Though the polymorphs are chemically identical, they exhibit different physicochemical properties, viz., melting point, solubility, X-ray diffraction pattern, etc., which further affect the biological properties of drugs. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of solvents on crystallization, solubility and dissolution of rofecoxib and celecoxib. Materials and Methods: The crystals were prepared by using different solvents. The melting point, solubility, dissolution, Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to confirm the polymorphism in drugs. Result: The results indicate that the crystals obtained from different solvents exhibited different physicochemical properties. Though FT-IR and XRD gave an indication of different crystal morphs, DSC proved absence of any polymorphic behavior in the crystals of rofecoxib and celecoxib. Conclusion: Crystals having the desired physicochemical properties may be obtained by selecting solvents of specific polarities.
Visual Odometry by Multi-frame Feature Integration (2013)

This paper presents a novel stereo-based visual odometry approach that provides state-of-the-art results in real time, both indoors and outdoors. Our proposed method follows the procedure of computing optical flow and stereo disparity to minimize the re-projection error of tracked fea ture points. However, instead of following the traditional approach of performing this task using only consecutive frames, we propose a novel and computationally inexpensive technique that uses the whole history of the tracked feature points to compute the motion of the camera. In our technique, which we call multi-frame feature integration, the features measured and tracked over all past frames are integrated into a single, improved estimate. An augmented feature set, composed of the improved estimates, is added to the optimization algorithm, improving the accuracy of the computed motion and reducing ego-motion drift. Experimental results show that the proposed approach reduces pose error by up to 65% with a negligible additional computational cost of 3.8%. Furthermore, our algorithm outperforms all other known methods on the KITTI Vision Benchmark data set.
Landfill Management with Moisture Control (1979)

The study presented in this paper commenced in 1972, to test the hypothesis that stabilization of refuse in a sanitary landfill can be accelerated by the controlled application of moisture with a resulting reduction in the time during which the landfill presents a potential source of pollution. The scope of the project reported here was limited to a field study of five large field units maintained under different moisture regimes. The results of this study demonstrate the beneficial effect of leachate circulation for cell stabilization. The added capital and operational costs that such a recirculation implies must be weighed against the benefits of accelerated stabilization before they can be incorporated into actual design practice.
Current and Historical Concepts of Opiate Treatment in Psychiatric Disorders (1988)

In recent years psychiatric research has rediscovered the theoretical and clinical importance of opiates, especially for the understanding of depressive disorders. However, opiate treatment is not a new therapeutic concept in psychiatry. The use of opium for "melancholia" and "mania" may be traced to ancient classical medicine. After Paracelsus and Sydenham, the psychiatry of the German Romantic Era widely discussed therapeutic opium use with the Engelken family going on to develop a structured opium treatment of depression in the first half of the nineteenth century. Although the underlying scientific problems of psychiatric opium therapy were never solved, it gained an outstanding position as a practical treatment for over 100 years.
Oxidation States of Copper Ions in ZSM-5 Zeolites. A Multitechnique Investigation (2000)

The redox behavior of Cu/ZSM-5 zeolites prepared by ion exchange from Cu<sup>2+</sup> aqueous solutions has been followed by a variety of spectroscopic techniques to provide a thorough picture of the so-called "self-reduction" of cupric ions, which occurs upon dehydration of the hydrated system at various temperatures, and of the reverse process of reoxidation as well. Conflicting hypotheses on both these processes are, in fact, present in the literature. The experimental techniques employed in this work are electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), IR, and optical spectroscopies, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure. The early stages of dehydration (from room temperature to about 470 K) involve cupric ion migration and formation of EPR silent moieties but no reduction to Cu<sup>+</sup>. The onset of this latter phenomenon starts at 470 K and, in the range 470-670 K, involves the majority of copper ions present in the system. Rehydration of Cu<sup>+</sup>-containing samples does not cause direct Cu<sup>+</sup> oxidation to Cu<sup>2+</sup> but favor this latter process when O<sub>2</sub> is used as oxidant. Oxidation of Cu<sup>+</sup> to Cu<sup>2+</sup> by molecular oxygen, in fact, does not take place at room temperature if O<sub>2</sub> is contacted with the dehydrated material but easily occurs when oxygen is adsorbed on rehydrated samples at the same temperature.
Continuous flow microfluidic cell inactivation with the use of insulating micropillars for multiple electroporation zones (2019)

Electroporation is a powerful tool for inactivating cells and transfecting biological cells and has applications in biology, genetic engineering, medicine, environment, and many others. We report a new continuous flow device embedded with insulating micropillars to achieve better performance of cell inactivation. The use of micropillars creates multiple electroporation zones with enhanced local electric field strengths. Using a model solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we examined the inactivation performance of the device under various applied electric voltages and flow rates. Results from the numerical simulations and experiments showed that even with an induced transmembrane potential of 0.58 V, close to 63% of cell inactivation was achieved at a flow rate of 2.5 mL/h. This was higher than the 24% cell inactivation observed for a reference device without micropillars that was subjected to the same conditions.
Sputtering Experiments with 1- to 5-keV Ar+ Ions (1963)

Sputtering yields have been determined with 1- to 5-keV Ar+ ions normally incident upon targets of type 304 stainless steel, three different types of polycrystalline Cu, a wide variety of Cu monocrystals, and monocrystals of Si and Ge. Ejection patterns have been recorded from these targets and from a monocrystal of InSb. The sputtering yield of polycrystalline Cu depends on the source of the metal, apparently due to variations in preferred orientation. The yield from Cu monocrystals is strongly dependent on orientation, the effect becoming more pronounced as the energy is increased. A simple model is presented which accounts for this behavior in terms of the variation with direction of the initial mean free path of the incident ion. The ejection patterns leave little doubt that focusing collision chains are primarily responsible for the transport of momentum to the surfaces of close-packed metals.
Role of the Liver-Enriched Transcription Factor Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 in Transcriptional Regulation of the Factor VIII Gene (1996)

Coagulation factor VIII is an essential cofactor required for normal hemostatic function. A deficiency in factor VIII results in the bleeding disorder hemophilia A. Despite the fact that the factor VIII gene was cloned a decade ago, the mechanisms which control its transcription remain unresolved. In our studies, we have characterized 12 protein binding sites within the factor VIII promoter by DNase I protection assays performed with rat liver nuclear extracts. Three of these elements (sites 1 to 3) are situated within the 5' untranslated region of the gene, while three other sites (sites 4 to 6) lie within the first 100 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. We have identified an additional site (site 7) approximately 300 bp upstream from site 6, as well as a cluster of five sites in a 250-bp region which terminates approximately 1 kb from the transcriptional start site. Seven of these binding sites (sites 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10) bind members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors. DBP also binds to five of these sites (sites 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9). Utilizing transient transfection studies in HepG2 cells, we have shown that deletion of the factor VIII promoter sequences distal to nucleotide -44 results in a significant but small increase in promoter activity. The activity of each of the various 5' deletion constructs is significantly enhanced by cotransfection of C/EBPalpha and D-site-binding protein expression plasmids, while cotransfection of both C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta plasmids resulted in a further enhancement of transactivation. These studies also provide evidence of a repressor element located between nucleotides -740 and -1002. Since the minimal promoter sequence (-44 to +148) maintains the transcriptional activity of the full-length promoter sequence, we proceeded to identify additional factors binding to sites 1 to 4. Competition studies revealed that a ubiquitous transcription factor, NF-Y, binds to site 4, while the liver-enriched transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor I (HNF-1) binds to site 1. Mutation analysis of the minimal promoter demonstrated that HNF-1 is critical for activating transcription of the factor VIII gene in vitro. Our results also suggest that the multiple upstream elements that we have identified may act as a backup regulatory region in the event of disruption of the HNF-1 element in the 5' untranslated region.
Effect of metal stearate stabilizers on the thermal degradation of PVC in solution: The reversible blocking mechanism of stabilization (1990)

Abstract Systematic thermal degradation studies of PVC solutions have been carried out in the presence of different metal carboxylates (Pb‐, Cd‐, Ba‐, Ca‐ and Zn‐ stearates). ZnSt 2 markedly accelerates degradation of the polymer. Significant induction periods ( t i ) for the appearance of free HCI are obtained in the presence of the other salts. CaSt 2 acts mainly as an HCI‐scavenger and has no direct influence on the elimination process. Mainly short polyenes are formed during the induction period when PbSt 2 , CdSt 2 , and BaSt 2 are used. After consumption of stabilizers rapid HCI loss occurs, and suddenly longer polyenes are formed, i.e., the amount of double bonds and the average length of polyenes sharply increases. At the same time, the rate of initiation (i.e., the rate of the polyene sequence formation) does not change at all around t i . None of the investigated stabilizers retard effectively the random initiation of HCI loss. In the presence of PbSt 2 , BaSt 2 , and CaSt 2 , and CaSt 2 , the initiation rate is nearly identical to that of the unstabilized PVC. The concentration of labile sites ( h 0 ) in PVC at the end of the induction period has been estimated by kinetic analysis. It has been found that in some cases h 0 is higher than the concentration of labile structures in the virgin PVC. These results indicate that the main role of metal soap stabilizers is the blocking of the fast zip‐elimination of HCI from the PVC chain. It is likely that blocking occurs by attachment of a carboxylate group at the end of a propagating zip. This is a reversible process: the blocked structures become active again mainly after the consumption of stabilizers presumably by HCI‐catalyzed hydrolysis. In contrast to other stabilization mechanisms by Frye and Horst, Minsker and coworkers, and Michell the reversible blocking mechanism of PVC stabilization is able to explain the experimental findings presented in this study. It also explains such facts of practical importance as color stability of the resin during the induction period and fast blackening after the consumption of stabilizers.
Cache memory design for Internet processors (2000)

As a result of the exploding bandwidth demand from the Internet, network router and switch designers are designing and fabricating a growing number of microchips specifically for networking devices rather than traditional computing applications. In particular, a new breed of microprocessors, called Internet processors, has emerged that is designed to efficiently execute network protocols on various types of internetworking devices including switches, routers, and application-level gateways. We evaluate a series of three progressively more aggressive routing-table cache designs and demonstrate that the incorporation of hardware caches into Internet processors, combined with efficient caching algorithms can significantly improve overall packet forwarding performance.