gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostitution and health (2005)

Your concern about the health effects of prostitution (May 7, p 1598)1The LancetProstitutes are people too.Lancet. 2005; 365: 1598Scopus (1) Google Scholar might go a lot further than advocating decriminalisation and better health care. You could actively campaign against the practice itself. You could, for example, draw the attention of your readers more pointedly to the disastrous consequences of prostitution for the mental and physical wellbeing of those involved.2Jeal N Salisbury C A health needs assessment of street-based prostitutes: cross-sectional survey.J Public Health. 2004; 26: 147-151Crossref Scopus (67) Google Scholar, 3Potterat JJ Brewer DD Muth SQ et al.Mortality in a long-term open cohort of prostitute women.Am J Epidemiol. 2004; 159: 778-785Crossref PubMed Scopus (156) Google Scholar Sadly, your Editorial adopts a morally neutral tone, describing prostitution as a “profession” and an “occupation”, although it is really a trade, rather like the slave trade in many respects. Naturally you advocate measures that will improve the situation for those involved, since prostitution is, after all, a fact of life. But will you speak out against prostitution itself? The truth is that prostitution is an evil of global proportions, and not only in terms of its adverse health effects. It is associated with casual violence, organised crime, drugs, and the most vicious forms of trafficking in human lives.4Romero-Daza N Weeks M Singer M “Nobody gives a damn if I live or die”: violence, drugs, and street-level prostitution in inner-city Hartford, Connecticut.Med Anthropol. 2003; 22: 233-259Crossref PubMed Scopus (142) Google Scholar, 5Home OfficePaying the price: a consultation paper on prostitution. Home Office, London2004http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/docs3/paying_the_price.htmlGoogle Scholar Did Dickens ask for health clinics in the mines and factories? Did Wilberforce ask for “tailored medical care” on the slave ships and the plantations? Are you against prostitution, on health grounds, or not? I declare that I have no conflict of interest.
Comparative analysis of RADAR-IR sensor fusion methods for object detection (2017)

This paper presents the Radar and IR sensor fusion method for objection detection. The infrared camera parameter calibration with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) optimization method is proposed based on the Radar ranging data represented by Cartesian coordinate compared with 6 fusion methods. The proposed method firstly performs the estimation of the intrinsic parameter matrix of infrared camera with some optical trick. Then the method searches the extrinsic parameters using the generative approach. The initial angle and translation of the extrinsic parameters are optimized by the LM method with the geometrical cost function. In the experiments, the performance of proposed method outperforms by a maximum 13 times the performance of the other baseline methods on the averaged Euclidian distance error. In future work, the angular noise of the Radar information will be improved and the proposed method will provide the effective proposals for the deep neural network.
Origin of the Bottlenecks in Preparing Anodized Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Templates on ITO Glass (2008)

Nanoporous anodic alumina (AAO) templates are routinely created with ease on substrates, particularly Si wafers. However, the inability to stabilize Al anodization on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass is a key stumbling block that has prevented AAO-assisted deposition of nanomaterial arrays extending from ITO that are attractive for a range of opto-electronic applications (e.g., solar cells and photonic devices). We report on the processing of stable AAO templates directly on ITO substrates by utilizing an ultrathin (0.3 nm) adhesion/passivation layer of Ti between ITO and Al. Precise control of the Ti layer thickness to within the subnanometer (0.2-0.5 nm) range is essential for the anodization process for two factors: (1) to prevent the delamination of Al and destruction of ITO; and (2) to prevent the formation of thick barrier layers at the bottom of the pore channels, which prevent pore connectivity to the conductive ITO substrate. We explore the complex correlation between the electrical properties of substrates (and interlayers) and barrier layer formation and further highlight the criteria for successful barrier layer removal.
Bayesian SegNet: Model Uncertainty in Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architectures for Scene Understanding (2017)

We present a deep learning framework for probabilistic pixel-wise semantic segmentation, which we term Bayesian SegNet. Semantic segmentation is an important tool for visual scene understanding and a meaningful measure of uncertainty is essential for decision making. Our contribution is a practical system which is able to predict pixel-wise class labels with a measure of model uncertainty. We achieve this by Monte Carlo sampling with dropout at test time to generate a posterior distribution of pixel class labels. In addition, we show that modelling uncertainty improves segmentation performance by 2-3% across a number of state of the art architectures such as SegNet, FCN and Dilation Network, with no additional parametrisation. We also observe a significant improvement in performance for smaller datasets where modelling uncertainty is more effective. We benchmark Bayesian SegNet on the indoor SUN Scene Understanding and outdoor CamVid driving scenes datasets.
DNA Recognition Sites Activate MuA Transposase to Perform Transposition of Non-Mu DNA (2002)

Mu transposition occurs within a large protein-DNA complex called a transpososome. This stable complex includes four subunits of MuA transposase, each contacting a 22-base pair recognition site located near an end of the transposon DNA. These MuA recognition sites are critical for assembling the transpososome. Here we report that when concentrations of Mu DNA are limited, the MuA recognition sites permit assembly of transpososomes in which non-Mu DNA substitutes for some of the Mu sequences. These "hybrid" transpososomes are stable to competitor DNA, actively transpose the non-Mu DNA, and produce transposition products that had been previously observed but not explained. The strongest activator of non-Mu transposition is a DNA fragment containing two MuA recognition sites and no cleavage site, but a shorter fragment with just one recognition site is sufficient. Based on our results, we propose that MuA recognition sites drive assembly of functional transpososomes in two complementary ways. Multiple recognition sites help physically position MuA subunits in the transpososome plus each individual site allosterically activates transposase.
Distributed Locality Sensitivity Hashing (2010)

In this paper, we present DLSH Distributed Locality Sensitive Hashing , a similar-data search technology. The huge growth in the size of video content has broken the traditional multi-media index hosting and look-up solutions, these are not able to scale to the size of the current and projected index requirements. Distributed LSH (D-LSH) addresses this need of a highly scalable multi-media index. DLSH performs better for finding approximate near neighbors on extremely large scales , as DLSH distributes close points on single boxes, and far points on different boxes based on projections.
Techniques for multimodality image registration (1993)

The authors describe the development of techniques used for cross-modality correlation of medical images. To accomplish this goal, software routines were developed which automate and standardize the comparison of images within and between three-dimensional tomographic imaging modalities. Data from phantoms and clinical studies reflect the success of this technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study of dispersion compensation in femtosecond lasers (1996)

Abstract We present a formal analysis of dispersion compensation in femtosecond lasers and provide a detailed examination of the relevant features in Ti: sapphire and Cr: LiSAF lasers. It is shown that the essential of dispersion compensation up to the fourth order consists of searching for the solutions of a group of three linear equations. With the use of a prism pair, complete compensation of both the second- and the third-order dispersion corresponds to solving two of the three equations with the prism separation and the intraprism beam path length as variables. Owing to the limitations on the practically achievable prism separation and the intraprism path length in a laser set-up, only some of these solutions are physically meaningful; hence both zero second- and third-order cavity dispersion may be realized merely within a certain specific spectral range. The fourth-order dispersion, however, cannot be completely compensated for in this case unless a third control variable is introduced. It is also shown that the dominant parameter in determining the spectral region where dispersion is minimized is the difference between the ratio of the third-order dispersion to the second-order dispersion of the laser rod and that of the selected prism pair material. This also explains the major differences between Ti: sapphire and Cr: LiSAF lasers in terms of dispersion compensation.
Coordinating heterogeneous time-based media between independent applications (1995)

No abstract available.
Power managing Pentium processor-based notebooks (2002)

A complete strategy must be developed to control all aspects of system power management including CPU and the rest of the system to minimize active and suspend mode (static) power consumption. Properly executing a complete power management strategy will ensure the system will maximize battery life and minimize internal heat dissipation. The focus of this paper is directed toward the challenges of maximizing overall battery life by controlling the power consumption of the Pentium processor. This paper also discusses a method to extend battery life while the system is in suspend or hibernation state.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of speckle contrast ratio in optical coherence tomography (2006)

The speckle contrast ratio in optical coherence tomography images has been shown to depend on scatterer density when the detected signal is dominated by single backscattering. Here we investigate the influence of multiple scattering on the speckle contrast ratio, and also on the parallel and perpendicular polarization channels in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography images, including the correlation between them. Conditions under which the contrast ratio and polarization sensitive detection can be used to discriminate regions of OCT images affected by multiple scattering are discussed. The contrast ratio and the correlation between polarization channels were both found to markedly decrease as the ratio of multiple to single scattering increased. A high correlation between polarization channels, indicating that imaging is being performed in the single-scattering regime, provides greater confidence in interpreting the value of scatterer density obtained from the contrast ratio.
New high-precision comparison of electron and positron<i>g</i>factors (1987)

Single electrons and positrons have been alternately isolated in the same compensated Penning trap in order to form the geonium pseudoatom under nearly identical conditions. For each, the g-factor anomaly is obtained by measurement of both the spin-cyclotron difference frequency and the cyclotron frequency. A search for systematic effects uncovered a small (but common) residual shift due to the cyclotron excitation field. Extrapolation to zero power yields ${e}^{+}$ and ${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ g factors with a smaller statistical error and a new particle-antiparticle comparison: g(${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$)/ g(${e}^{+}$)=1+(0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$. . AE
Near‐Infrared Inorganic/Organic Optical Upconverter with an External Power Efficiency of >100% (2010)

A near-infrared (1.5 μm) to visible light (green) electro-optical upconverter with amplified power gain has been designed and demonstrated. The device was fabricated by direct tandem integration of an organic light emitting diode with an inorganic InGaAs/InP heterojunction phototransistor. An overall external upconversion power efficiency of 155% was measured at room temperature, demonstrating the utility of hybrid organic/inorganic semiconductor systems. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Postprocessing for quantum random-number generators: Entropy evaluation and randomness extraction (2013)

Quantum random-number generators (QRNGs) can offer a means to generate information-theoretically provable random numbers, in principle. In practice, unfortunately, the quantum randomness is inevitably mixed with classical randomness due to classical noises. To distill this quantum randomness, one needs to quantify the randomness of the source and apply a randomness extractor. Here, we propose a generic framework for evaluating quantum randomness of real-life QRNGs by min-entropy, and apply it to two different existing quantum random-number systems in the literature. Moreover, we provide a guideline of QRNG data postprocessing for which we implement two information-theoretically provable randomness extractors: Toeplitz-hashing extractor and Trevisan's extractor.
Assessment of Thermal Behavior and Development of Thermal Design Guidelines for Integrated Power Electronics Modules (2005)

With the increase dependency on electricity to provide correct form of electricity for lightning, machines, and home and office appliances, the need for the introduction of high reliability power electronics in converting the raw form of electricity into efficient electricity for these applications is uprising. One of the most common failures in power electronics is temperature related failure such as overheating. To address the issue of overheating, thermal management becomes an important mission in the design of the power electronics to ensure the functional power electronics. Different approaches are taken by academia and industry researchers to provide efficient power electronics. In particular, the Center for Power Electronics System (CPES) at Virginia Tech and four other universities presented the IPEM approach by introducing integrated power electronics modules (IPEM) as standardized units that will enable greater integration within power electronics systems and their end-use application. The IPEM approach increases the integration in the components that make up a power electronics system through novel a packaging technique known as Embedded Power
Effective and recoverable homogeneous catalysts for the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate with ethanol: Lanthanide triflates (2009)

The catalytic activities of metal triflates were tested for the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with ethanol. It was found that yttrium triflate was the most efficient homogeneous catalyst. When the transesterification reaction was catalyzed by yttrium triflate at 76–80°C, 7 h, ethanol to DMC in 6: 1 molar ratio, 0.35 mol % of catalyst based on DMC, the conversion of DMC was 89.2%, the selectivities of diethyl carbonate (DEC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) were 85.1 and 13.6%, respectively. Yttrium triflate was reused 5 times for the transesterification without loss of its catalytic activity.
Calculating Tonal Tension (1996)

The prolongational component in A Generative Theory of Tonal Music assigns tensing and relaxing patterns to tonal sequences but does not adequately describe degrees of harmonic and melodic tension. This paper offers solutions to the problem, first by adapting the distance algorithm from the theory of tonal pitch space for the purpose of quantifying sequential and hierarchical harmonic tension. The method is illustrated for the beginning of the Mozart Sonata, K. 282, with emphasis on the hierarchical approach. The paper then turns to melodic tension in the context of the anchoring of dissonance. Interrelated attraction algorithms are proposed that incorporate the factors of stability, proximity, and directed motion. A distinction is developed between the tension of distance and the tension of attraction. The attraction and distance algorithms are combined in a view of harmony as voice leading, leading to a second analysis of the opening phrase of the Mozart in terms of voiceleading motion. Connections with recent theoretical and psychological work are discussed.
DATA ACQUISITION AND USER INTERFACE OF BEAM INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM AT SRRC (2001)

Data acquisition systems for the accelerator complex at SRRC are composed of various hardware and software components. Beam signals are processed by related processing electronics, and connect to control system by various type of interfaces in data acquisition front-ends. These front-ends include VME crates, personal computers and instrument bus adapters. Fast Ethernet connected all elements together with control consoles. The user interface is running on the control console. Real-time data capture, display and analysis are supported on the control console. Analysis tools based on Matlab scripts are adopted. Hardware and software implementation of the system is presented. User interface supports are also described.
Roots of Reform: Farmers, Workers, and the American State, 1877–1917 (2001)

Book Review| January 01 2001 Roots of Reform: Farmers, Workers, and the American State, 1877–1917 Roots of Reform: Farmers, Workers, and the American State, 1877–1917. Elizabeth Sanders. Robert H. Zieger Robert H. Zieger Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Agricultural History (2001) 75 (1): 123–124. https://doi.org/10.1215/00021482-75.1.123 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Robert H. Zieger; Roots of Reform: Farmers, Workers, and the American State, 1877–1917. Agricultural History 1 January 2001; 75 (1): 123–124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00021482-75.1.123 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter Books & JournalsAll JournalsAgricultural History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2001 Agricultural History Society2001 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Context-based interpolation of coarse deep learning prediction maps for the segmentation of fine structures in immunofluorescence images (2018)

The automatic analysis of digital pathology images is becoming of increasing interest for the development of novel therapeutic drugs and of the associated companion diagnostic tests in oncology. A precise quantification of the tumor microenvironment and therefore an accurate segmentation of the tumor extent are critical in this context. In this paper, we present a new approach based on visual context random forest to generate precise segmentation maps from deep learning coarse segmentation maps. Applied to the detection of cytokeratin positive (CK) epithelium regions in immunofluorescence (IF) images, we show that this method enables an accurate and fast detection of detailled structures in terms of qualitative and quantitative evaluation against three baseline approaches. For the method to be resilient to the high variability of staining intensity, a novel normalization algorithm for IF images is moreover introduced.
Studies on Flavor Components in Soybean (1966)

Both acidic and basic fraction of flavor components in raw soybean were investigated. The acidic fraction, having a weak but characteristic odor, contained nine sorts of volatile fatty acids, which were identified with gas chromatography as acetic, propionic, isovaleric, n-valeric, isocaproic, n-caproic, n-caprylic, n-nonanoic (pelargonic), and n-capric acid. Among those, main components were isocaproic, n-caproic and n-caprylic acid, and the others were contained in smaller amounts. Total amount of these acids, however, was so small that it would have little practical effect on soybean flavor. The basic fraction exhibited a characteristic odor just like a dried fishery product, and ammonia, monomethylamine, dimethylamine, piperidine, and cadaverine were detected in this fraction with gas and paper chromatography. Particularly, dimethylamine was isolated as 2, 4-dinitrophenyl derivative.
Formation of Aniline-Bonded Catechols in Aqueous Solution and Their Electrochemical Behavior at a Carbon Felt Electrode (1998)

The oxidized form of catechol (1,2-benzoquinone) reacts with aniline at neutral pH range and the electroactive 1:1 and 1:2 compounds of catechol and aniline which exhibit separative reversible redox waves are produced and their formal electrode potentials are −0.05 V and −0.23 V, respectively. The 1:1 compound is considered to be an adduct with pink color and the 1:2 compound is considered to be two anilines substituted catechol from the MS data of molecular weight (290) and 1H and 13C NMR data. The 1:2 compound accumulates on the carbon electrode surface due to its affinity to the carbon felt electrode and a detection limit of this compound was found to be 5 × 10−9M.
Individual Cell Analysis of the Cytokine Repertoire in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1–Infected Monocytes/Macrophages by a Combination of Immunocytochemistry and In Situ Hybridization (1998)

The expression of many cytokines is dysregulated in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). To determine the effects of HIV-1 infection on cytokine expression in individual cells (at the single cell level), we investigated the intracellular levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and hematopoietic growth factors (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF], granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) in monocyte-derived macrophages, mock-infected, or infected with HIV-1 by immunocytochemical staining for cytokine protein and compared this with secreted cytokine levels as determined by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No difference in the frequency or intensity of cell-associated immunocytochemical cytokine staining could be observed between HIV-1 and mock-infected cells even though the level of secreted proinflammatory cytokines increased and the hematopoietic growth factors decreased in HIV-1–infected cultures. Furthermore, equal expression of cytokine mRNA was observed in all cells in the culture regardless of whether the cells were productively infected with HIV-1 as determined by double-labelling immunocytochemical staining for HIV-1 p24 antigen and in situ hybridization for cytokine mRNA expression. These results indicate that HIV-1 infection results in dysregulation of intracellular cytokine mRNA expression and cytokine secretion not only in HIV-1–infected cells, but also through an indirect way(s) affecting cells not producing virus.