gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved approximation algorithms for geometric set cover (2005)

Given a collection S of subsets of some set U, and M ⊂ U, the set cover problem is to find the smallest subcollection C ⊂ S such that M is a subset of the union of the sets in C. While the general problem is NP-hard to solve, even approximately, here we consider some geometric special cases, where usually U = Rd. Combining previously known techniques [3, 4], we show that polynomial time approximation algorithms with provable performance exist, under a certain general condition: that for a random subset R ⊂ S and function f(), there is a decomposition of the complement U ∖ ∪Y ∈ R Y into an expected f(|R|) regions, each region of a particular simple form. Under this condition, a cover of size O(f(|C|)) can be found in polynomial time. Using this result, and combinatorial geometry results implying bounding functions f(c) that are nearly linear, we obtain o(log c) approximation algorithms for covering by fat triangles, by pseudodisks, by a family of fat objects, and others. Similarly, constant-factor approximations follow for similar-sized fat triangles and fat objects, and for fat wedges. With more work, we obtain constant-factor approximation algorithms for covering by unit cubes in R3, and for guarding an x-monotone polygonal chain.
Improved High Pressure Valve (1962)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation William B. Daniels; Improved High Pressure Valve. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 January 1962; 33 (1): 131. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1717647 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Towards a Massively Parallel Solver for Position Based Dynamics (2014)

Position-based dynamics (PBD) is an efficient and robust method for animating soft bodies, rigid bodies and fluids. Recently, this method gained popularity in the computer animation community because it is relatively easy to implement while still being able to synthesize believable results at interactive rate. The animated bodies are modeled by using a large set of linearized geometrical constraints which are iteratively solved using a sequential Gauss-Seidel method on a single core CPU. However, when the animated scene involves a large number of objects, solving the constraints sequentially one after the other makes the computation of the motion too slow and not suitable for interactive applications. In this paper, we present a massively parallel implementation of position based dynamics which runs on the local GPU. In the initialization phase, the linearized geometrical constraints are divided in independent clusters using a fast, greedy coloring graph algorithm. Then, during the animation, the constraints belonging to each cluster are solved in parallel on the GPU. We employ an efficient simulation pipeline using a memory layout which favor both the memory access time for computation and batching for visualization. Our experiments show that the performance speed-up of our parallel implementation is several orders of magnitude faster than its serial counterpart.
Turbulence inside a vortex (1999)

Following Bradshaw’s analogy between rotating and stratified flows, the turbulence within a vortex is analyzed using a new model for stratified entrainment. At the vortex radius where the tangential velocity is a maximum, the model predicts that the flow is so strongly “stratified” that even the smallest turbulent eddies are incapable of transporting fluid there. The growth of the vortex is thus limited by molecular viscosity, even though the vortex Reynolds number is large. The model prediction is compared to experiments in the literature of wingtip vortices. The result is consistent with the remarkable observations of laminar-like growth of this turbulent flow.
Anisotropy of inhomogeneous Magnetization Transfer (ihMT) in White Matter (2017)

International audience
Regioselective Protection and Deprotection of Inositol Hydroxyl Groups (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleRegioselective Protection and Deprotection of Inositol Hydroxyl GroupsKana M. Sureshan, Mysore S. Shashidhar, Thoniyot Praveen, and Tanya DasView Author Information Division of Organic Synthesis, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 11, 4477–4504Publication Date (Web):October 23, 2003Publication History Received19 May 2003Published online23 October 2003Published inissue 1 November 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0200724https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0200724research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4489Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydroxyls,Organic compounds,Organic reactions,Post-translational modification,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Low pH regulates the production of deoxynivalenol by Fusarium graminearum (2009)

Fusarium graminearum, which causes the globally important head blight disease of wheat, is responsible for the production of the harmful mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in infected grain. The production of DON by F. graminearum occurs at much higher levels during infection than during axenic growth, and it is therefore important to understand how DON production is regulated in the fungus. Recently, we have identified amines as potent inducers of in vitro DON production in F. graminearum. Although amines strongly induced expression of the key DON biosynthesis gene TRI5 and DON production to levels equivalent to those observed during infection, the timing of this induction suggested that other factors are also likely to be important for the regulation of DON biosynthesis. Here we demonstrate that low extracellular pH both promotes and is required for DON production in F. graminearum. A combination of low pH and amines results in significantly enhanced expression of the TRI5 gene and increased DON production during axenic growth. A better understanding of DON production in F. graminearum would have implications in developing future toxin management strategies.
Epinastine (WAL 801CL) inhibits the electrical field stimulation-induced cholinergic contraction in guinea pig and human airways in vitro (1999)

Epinastine is an antihistamine drug with binding affinities at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors. The current study was performed to investigate whether epinastine could modulate the cholinergic contraction in guinea pig and human airways in vitro. Isolated guinea pig and human airway preparations were suspended in organ baths containing modified Krebs-Henseleit solution. Electrical field stimulation was applied to elicit cholinergic contractions. Epinastine produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the cholinergic contraction in guinea pig airways and pretreatment with methysergide (5-HT1/2/7 antagonist) significantly attenuated these inhibitory effects of epinastine. Pretreatment with tropisetron (5-HT3/4 antagonist), ketanserin (5-HT2 antagonist), SDZ216-525 (5-HT1A antagonist) or phentolamine (alpha-adrenergic antagonist) had no effect. Epinastine did not displace the concentration-response curve to acetylcholine. These results suggest that epinastine inhibits the cholinergic contraction in guinea pig airways through stimulation of prejunctional 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, located to postganglionic cholinergic nerves. Inhibitory effects of epinastine on the cholinergic contraction in human airways in vitro were also demonstrated, which suggests that a similar mechanism might be present in human airways. The pharmacological profile of epinastine, which shows binding affinity at the 5-hydroxytryptamine7 receptor but not at the 5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptor subtypes corroborates the hypothesis that the inhibitory prejunctional 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor on cholinergic nerves is of the 5-hydroxytryptamine7 subtype.
Preparation of Fluorocarbons by Catalytic Fluorination of Hydrocarbons (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Fluorocarbons by Catalytic Fluorination of HydrocarbonsGeorge Cady, Aristid Grosse, E. Barber, L. Burger, and Z. SheldonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 3, 290–292Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online26 January 2005Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50447a611https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50447a611research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An expanded model of HIV cell entry phenotype based on multi-parameter single-cell data (2012)

Our study of the HIV cell entry phenotype and the novel multivariate representation developed here contributes to a more detailed understanding of this phenotype and offers potential for future application in the effective administration of entry inhibitors in antiretroviral therapies.
Host range, replicative, and cytopathic properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are determined by very few amino acid changes in tat and gp120 (1991)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates display differences in a variety of in vitro biological properties, including the ability to infect different cell types, the kinetics of replication, and cytopathicity in the infected cells. Studies with isolates obtained from the same individual over time have shown that these in vitro properties of the viral isolates correlate with pathogenicity in the host. The later isolates, recovered when disease has developed, display a wider cellular host range, replicate rapidly and to high titers in the infected cells, and induce syncytia in these cells. In the present studies, the genomic determinants of these biological properties were defined with recombinant viruses generated between two HIV-1 isolates recovered sequentially from the same individual. The results show that the rate of HIV-1 replication in the HUT 78 T-cell line is controlled by the first coding exon of tat. Infection of T-cell and monocytic cell lines is determined by two specific regions in the envelope gp120, one of which also confers the ability of an isolate to induce syncytia. Amino acid sequence comparison of the regions identified revealed minor differences between the two viral isolates: 2 amino acids in the tat gene product and 10 and 12 amino acids in the two regions of envelope gp120. These data suggest that small changes in the tat and env proteins can have dramatic effects on the pathogenic potential of HIV-1.
Analysis on physical check-up of Guangdong provincial government officers in Guangzhou (2003)

To provide appropriate strategies to promote health of provincial government officers in Guangzhou through analyzing the result of physical check up for the provincial government officers in Guangzhou. 3 672 officers from 35 provincial government organizations in Guangzhou received a physical check up. The results of physical examination were analyzed according to sex and age. The abnormal rate of physical examination for officers is relative high (66.18%), among whom, 30.61% were tested as abnormal for liver and gallbladder, 27.72% were increase of blood lipid, and 21.05% were abnormal with eletrocardiogram test. All these abnormal indicators increase with aging. Most of officers are in sub healthy status or suffering from chronic diseases. Health education in government officers should be initiated in no time to promote health of this population.
The gist of maps - summarizing experience for lifelong localization (2015)

Robust, scalable place recognition is a core competency for many robotic applications. However, when revisiting places over and over, many state-of-the-art approaches exhibit reduced performance in terms of computation and memory complexity and in terms of accuracy. For successful deployment of robots over long time scales, we must develop algorithms that get better with repeated visits to the same environment, while still working within a fixed computational budget. This paper presents and evaluates an algorithm that alternates between online place recognition and offline map maintenance with the goal of producing the best performance with a fixed map size. At the core of the algorithm is the concept of a Summary Map, a reduced map representation that includes only the landmarks that are deemed most useful for place recognition. To assign landmarks to the map, we use a scoring function that ranks the utility of each landmark and a sampling policy that selects the landmarks for each place. The Summary Map can then be used by any descriptor-based inference method for constant-complexity online place recognition. We evaluate a number of scoring functions and sampling policies and show that it is possible to build and maintain maps of a constant size and that place-recognition performance improves over multiple visits.
The Utility of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein a for Determination of Prognosis in a Cohort of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2015)

Rising PAPP-A levels are prognostic in patients with CAD. PAPP-A levels were especially predictive in ACS patients with troponin below 10% CV of the 99 th percentile for cardiovascular mortality.
Field-screening method for 2,4-dinitrotoluene in soil. Special report (1991)

2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) is a major component of several munitions formulations used by the U.S. Army. It is also one of the major impurities in production grade TNT and is often found in contaminated soils at army ammunition plants, depots and explosive ordnance disposal areas. Since 2,4-DNT migrates rapidly through the soil to groundwater and is thought to be toxic in water at quite low concentrations, methods are needed to locate sources of this contaminant in the soil. Laboratory procedures to quantify the concentration of 2,4-DNT in soil samples have been developed but no rapid field method is currently available to screen for this contaminant. Field screening methods have recently been developed for TNT and RDX. The TNT method involves extraction of the soil with acetone and generation of the red-colored Janowsky complex by addition of potassium hydroxide and sodium sulfite.
Compendium of Physical Activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities (1993)

A coding scheme is presented for classifying physical activity by rate of energy expenditure, i.e., by intensity. Energy cost was established by a review of published and unpublished data. This coding scheme employs five digits that classify activity by purpose (i.e., sports, occupation, self-care), the specific type of activity, and its intensity as the ratio of work metabolic rate to resting metabolic rate (METs). Energy expenditure in kilocalories or kilocalories per kilogram body weight can be estimated for all activities, specific activities, or activity types. General use of this coding system would enhance the comparability of results across studies using self reports of physical activity.
Simultaneous Capillary Pressure and Wettability Determination for Tight Bakken Cores Using an Ultra-High-Speed Centrifuge (2017)

Abstract Capillary pressure and wettability play crucial roles in controlling fluid flow and distribution in tight/shale reservoirs with its nano- to micrometer-scale pore sizes, such as the Bakken formation in the Williston Basin. Because wettability reflects the interactions between rock surfaces and fluids, the introduction of external fluids during drilling, completion, and enhanced oil recovery processes may possibly alter wettability through chemical adsorption on rock surfaces. Therefore, accurate determination of Bakken formation wettability, particularly its alteration caused by different injection fluids, is extremely important in the Bakken production process. In this study, a state-of-the-art ultra-high-speed centrifuge was employed to measure capillary pressures and examine the wettability of Bakken cores by calculating the USBM (United States Bureau of Mines) wettability indices. Cores saturated and aged with formation brine or surfactant solutions were first injected with Bakken crude oil (i.e., drainage process). Then the fluids in the cores were displaced by brine or surfactant solutions to obtain the imbibition capillary pressure curve. Multi-speed measurements were conducted using the centrifuge to determine the capillary pressure between the crude oil and brine/surfactant solutions. Wettability and its alteration after surfactant saturation were quantified by analyzing different sets of wettability indices calculated from capillary pressure curves. The experimental results revealed that wettability alteration caused by surfactant adsorption on rock surfaces tended to change the rocks from water-wet to a more neutral-wet status, while the aging process partially restored the cores to water-wet again. For unconventional tight cores such as Bakken, the ultra-high-speed centrifuge method presents several distinct advantages over the commonly used mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) method combined with other wettability measurement methods: (1) actual reservoir oil and brine are used, so that results are more representative of field conditions; (2) it is a non-destructive method so that core plugs can be reused to study wettability alteration caused by chemical additives; and (3) capillary pressure, wettability, and relative permeability can be obtained from the same set of measurements.
Design and Implementation of Low-Power Location Tracking System Based on IEEE 802.11 (2014)

Location based service has been recently increasing with the rapid development of wireless Internet and mobile devices, therefore, many applications are requiring location tracking systems. GPS is a favoured location measuring system for tracking the target location in the outdoor environment. Because GPS is not supported a communication function, many location tracking devices use a communication module such as Wi-Fi with GPS. The handoff method of IEEE 802.11 standard is not enough considering power consumption. This thesis analyzes the previous location tracking systems and proposes low-power system. The proposed handoff method resolve power problem by using the location information and behavior model minimize power consumption of tag through power-saving mode and the concept of duty cycle. To evaluating proposed methods and system performance, we perform simulations and experiments in a real environment. And then, we calculate tag's power consumption based on the actual measured current consumption of each operation. In simulation results, the proposed behavior model and handoff method reduced about 98%, 59% than the standard's handoff and default behavior model.
Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (1974)

Unsaturated hydrocarbon ring systems containing one or more six-membered rings in each of which the unsaturation may be represented formally by three alternating (conjugated) double bonds have long been known as aromatic hydrocarbons. The class name for these compounds is arene. This chapter deals only with monocyclic arenes—i.e., with benzene and substituted benzenes. Polycyclic arenes are the subject of Chapters 4 and 5, and unsaturated alicyclic (nonaromatic) hydrocarbons are treated in Chapter 2. Recommended Nomenclature Practice Simple monocyclic arenes are best named systematically as derivatives of the parent compound benzene, although trivial names for a few substituted benzenes are recognized in the 1957 IUPAC Rules.