gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Role for Plasmin-Mediated Degradation of Opsonizing Antibody in the Evasion of Host Immunity by Virulent, but Not Attenuated, <i>Francisella tularensis</i> (2009)

Opsonization by Abs represents a critical component of the host immune response against many pathogens. The mechanisms by which virulent microbes evade this protective response are not completely understood. In disease mediated by Francisella tularensis, Ab can effectively protect against infections with attenuated strains, for example, LVS, but not virulent strains such as SchuS4. Thus, it is likely that SchuS4 has mechanisms, which are not present in LVS, that allow evasion of opsonization by Ab, dampening the protective effects of these host molecules. Here we demonstrate that evasion of Ab-mediated opsonization and phagocytosis by the highly virulent SchuS4 is associated with its ability to bind the host serine protease plasmin. SchuS4, but not the closely related LVS, bound active plasmin. Plasmin bound SchuS4 degraded exogenous and opsonizing Abs, whereas LVS failed to do so. Furthermore, plasmin-mediated inhibition of Ab opsonization by SchuS4 also inhibited Ab-mediated uptake of this bacterium by macrophages. Ab-mediated uptake of uncoated and opsonized SchuS4 elicited a strong proinflammatory response in infected macrophages. However, plasmin-coated, opsonized SchuS4 poorly elicited production of these protective proinflammatory cytokines. This unique host-pathogen interplay is a novel immune evasion strategy utilized by virulent F. tularensis, and it provides one explanation for the ability of Ab to protect against attenuated, but not virulent, strains of F. tularensis. This mechanism may also represent a more common hereto unrecognized strategy by which virulent bacteria evade detection and clearance by Ig.
Inheritance of Low Linolenic Acid Level in the Soybean Line RG10 (1998)

Relatively high linolenic acid content (80–100 g kg −1 ) in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars is the most important factor contributing to oxidative instability of soybean oil. Mutation breeding was used to develop soybean line RG10 with reduced linolenic acid content (<25 g kg −1 ). The usefulness of this line in a breeding program designed to reduce linolenic acid content would depend on the complexity of inheritance of linolenic acid level. The objective of our study was to determine the number of loci and type of gene action associated with the inheritance of reduced linolenic acid level in RG10. The F 2 and F 3 progenies from crosses RG10 × C1640 and RG10 × ‘Century’ segregated in trimodal fashion. On the basis of chi‐square analyses of F 2 seeds and F 3 families from RG10 × C1640 and F 3 families from RG10 × Century cross, the observed frequency distributions significantly fit a 1:2:1 ratio. These results indicate that the low level of linolenic acid in RG10 is controlled by a mutant allele at the Fan locus. This allele shows additive gene action when combined with the fan allele from C1640 and the Fan allele from Century. The gene symbol fan‐b fan‐b was assigned for very low (<25 g kg −1 ) level of linolenic acid in RG10. The simple inheritance of the low level of linolenic acid makes RG10 an ideal parent in breeding programs aimed at improving oil quality in soybean.
Role of histamine in the inhibitory effects of phycocyanin in experimental models of allergic inflammatory response (2002)

It has recently been reported that phycocyanin, a biliprotein found in the blue-green microalgae Spirulina, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in some animal models of inflammation. Taking into account these findings, we decided to elucidate whether phycocyanin might exert also inhibitory effects in the induced allergic inflammatory response and on histamine release from isolated rat mast cells. In in vivo experiments, phycocyanin (100, 200 and 300mg/kg post-orally (p.o.)) was administered 1 h before the challenge with 1 microg of ovalbumin (OA) in the ear of mice previously sensitized with OA. One hour later, myeloperoxidase activity and ear edema were assessed. Phycocyanin significantly reduced both parameters. In separate experiments, phycocyanin (100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.) also reduced the blue spot area induced by intradermal injections of histamine, and the histamine releaser compound 48/80 in rat skin. In concordance with the former results, phycocyanin also significantly reduced histamine release induced by compound 48/80 from isolated peritoneal rat mast cells. The inhibitory effects of phycocyanin were dose dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that inhibition of allergic inflammatory response by phycocyanin is mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells.
Emergence of Sensory Patterns during Sleep Highlights Differential Dynamics of REM and Non-REM Sleep Stages (2013)

Despite the profound reduction in conscious awareness associated with sleep, sensory cortex remains highly active during the different sleep stages, exhibiting complex interactions between different cortical sites. The potential functional significance of such spatial patterns and how they change between different sleep stages is presently unknown. In this electrocorticography study of human patients, we examined this question by studying spatial patterns of activity (broadband gamma power) that emerge during sleep (sleep patterns) and comparing them to the functional organization of sensory cortex that is activated by naturalistic stimuli during the awake state. Our results show a high correlation (p < 10(-4), permutation test) between the sleep spatial patterns and the functional organization found during wakefulness. Examining how the sleep patterns changed through the night highlighted a stage-specific difference, whereby the repertoire of such patterns was significantly larger during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep compared with non-REM stages. These results reveal that intricate spatial patterns of sensory functional organization emerge in a stage-specific manner during sleep.
Adaptive Optics Engineering Handbook (1999)

System design and optimization guide state system considerations wavefront sensors deformable mirror wavefront correctors innovative wavefront estimators for zonal adaptive optics systems micromachined membrane deformable mirrors surfacemicromachined deformable mirrors liquid crystal adaptive optics wavefront sensing and compensation for the human eye wide field-of-view wavefront sensing.
Analysis of common mode voltage-"neutral shift" in medium voltage PWM adjustable speed drive (MV-ASD) systems (2003)

In this paper analysis of common mode voltage or "neutral shift" in the new emerging voltage source inverter type medium voltage adjustable speed drive (MV-ASD) systems is presented. Both cascaded multi-level (CML) inverter and 3-level NPC inverter topologies are analyzed. An equivalent circuit model to determine the common mode voltage stress is presented. Analysis and simulation results are discussed and worst case common mode voltage excursion is computed for an example 800 HP, 4160 V MV-ASD. It is shown that certain system components are excessively stressed and in the MV-ASD system these data are particularly useful in specifying system components and for proper design of the system. Possible effects of common mode voltage and its dv/dt on medium voltage motor bearings are discussed. A new. Multi-level PWM strategy is introduced which results in zero common-mode voltage. Simulation results are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of these schemes, Finally, experimental results from a 800 HP, 4160 V, MN-ASD system are presented.
On-line green fluorescent protein sensor with LED excitation (1997)

We present an intensity based sensor designed for on-line monitoring of green fluorescent protein, a revolutionary marker of protein expression. The device consisted of a blue light emitting diode as the excitation source. A band pass excitation filter cut off light longer than 490 nm. The light was directed into a bifurcated optical fiber bundle with the common end inserted into a stainless steel housing equipped with a quartz window. The fiber bundle and stainless steel housing are steam sterilizable. The emission radiation was collected through a long wave pass filter to reject the excitation light shorter than 505 nm and was detected by a photomultiplier tube. The signal was amplified and sent to a computer for recording time course data. The sensor was tested in an Escherichia coli fermentation of JM105 transformed with pBAD-GFP. The on-line signal was compared to off-line fluorescence spectrophotometer measurements. The on-line profile closely followed the off-line. Western blot data showed that with a time shift, the sensor was able to both continuously and quantitatively monitor expression of green fluorescent protein on-line in real time.
p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Regulates Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA Stability and Transcription in Lipopolysaccharide-treated Human Monocytes (1999)

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is activated by inflammatory stimuli such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor. We have previously shown that the pyridinyl imidazole SB 203580, which inhibits it, blocks the interleukin-1 induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 3 mRNAs in fibroblasts. Here we explore the role of p38 MAPK in the response of human monocytes to LPS. 0.1 microM SB 203580 significantly inhibited the LPS induction of COX-2 and tumor necrosis factor protein and mRNAs. The activity of MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 (a substrate of p38 MAPK) in the cells was commensurately reduced. Some isoforms of c-jun N-terminal kinase (which is also activated by LPS) are sensitive to SB 203580; the inhibitor had little effect on monocyte c-jun N-terminal kinases up to 2 microM. We investigated the mechanism of inhibition of COX-2 induction. Transcription (measured by a nuclear run-on assay) was 60% inhibited by SB 203580 (2 microM). Importantly, we found that p38 MAPK was essential for stabilizing COX-2 mRNA: when cells stimulated for 4 h with LPS were treated with actinomycin D, COX-2 mRNA decayed slowly. Treatment of stimulated cells with 2 microM SB 203580 caused a rapid disappearance of COX-2 mRNA, even with actinomycin D present. We conclude p38 MAPK plays a role in the transcription and stabilization of COX-2 mRNA.
Television: What Will Rate in the New Tomorrow? (2009)

Though threatened by the internet and cable, blunted by the lowest common denominator, television is still unassailable as the most direct expression of our immediate, collective ambition. Television holds the power to blend truth, scandal and daily information into a re-enactment of life that reinforces popular prejudice in the face of common sense. Or it can cut through, inform and inspire, connect the world and assuage isolation. Where is it going? What is driving our dependence? In a personal reminiscence of the police chases that became 'Manhunt' and the case of Rodney King, to the 'truth' behind 'Underbelly' and the ethics of 'The Footy Show', TV writer Ian David shows how editing can distort and simplify; how management dictates the culture, how unregulated TV can destroy a society. Whatever is caught on camera is fodder for television, he says, and our appreciation of recorded history has undoubtedly been abused. As the digital age gains dominance, the networks must raise their values, recognise past damage and grasp the opportunities offered by the new diversity and the reconstructed global marketplace of the GFC.
[General Articles] Aurones: A Subclass of Flavones with Promising Biological Potential (2003)

Aurones [2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-ones] are the secondary metabolites natural compounds belong to the flavonoids family, and structurally are the isomers of flavones, widely present in fruits and flowers where they play significant role in the pigmentation of the part of plant in which they occur. Literature survey clearly indicates that flavones, chalcones, flavonols and isoflavones have been studied largely for their therapeutical potential. Somehow, aurones still are less studied and it is only recently that these compounds have begun to be investigated. In this review, we report the recent advances made on the therapeutical potential of aurones in different biological areas. Their synthesis, structure-activity relationships, the importance of the substitution pattern will also be discussed. Finally, some aspects regarding the possible development of aurones will be highlighted briefly.
An early Phase II study of intratumoral P-32 chromic phosphate injection therapy for patients with refractory solid tumors and solitary metastases (1999)

Lack of persistent systemic or local side effects, as well as noteworthy efficacy, are properties of this optimal regional treatment modality with P-32 chromic phosphate. This modality deserves consideration for further clinical trials.
Epitaxial Graphene Nanoribbon Array Fabrication Using BCP-Assisted Nanolithography (2012)

A process for fabricating dense graphene nanoribbon arrays using self-assembled patterns of block copolymers on graphene grown epitaxially on SiC on the wafer scale has been developed. Etching masks comprising long and straight nanoribbon array structures with linewidths as narrow as 10 nm were fabricated, and the patterns were transferred to graphene. Our process combines both top-down and self-assembly steps to fabricate long graphene nanoribbon arrays with low defect counts. These are the narrowest nanoribbon arrays of epitaxial graphene on SiC fabricated to date.
A Distinctive PdCl<sub>2</sub>-Mediated Transformation of Fe-Based Metallogels into Metal–Organic Frameworks (2014)

Simple, efficient conversion of viable Fe3+-based metallogels into Fe-metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been achieved by PdCl2-mediated gel degradation. The metallogels and the resulting MOFs have been characterized, and a probable mechanism for the event has been elucidated.
Peripheral neuropathy associated with lithium toxicity. (1991)

<h3>Background</h3> Growth factor technologies are increasingly used to enhance healing in musculoskeletal injuries, particularly in sports medicine. Two such products; platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autologous blood, have a growing body of supporting evidence. No previous trial has directly compared the efficacy of these two methods. <h3>Hypothesis</h3> Growth factor administration improves tissue regeneration in patients who have failed to respond to conservative therapy. <h3>Study design</h3> A prospective, double-blind, randomised trial. <h3>Methods</h3> Elbow tendinopathy patients who had failed conservative physical therapy were divided into two patient groups: PRP injection (N=80) and autologous blood injection (ABI) (N=70). Each patient received two injections at 0 and 1 month. Patient-related tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE) was recorded by a blinded investigator at 0, 1, 3 and 6 months. The main outcome measure was PRTEE, a validated composite outcome for pain, activities of daily living and physical function, utilising a 0–100 scale. <h3>Results</h3> At 6 months the authors observed a 66% success rate in the PRP group versus 72% in the ABI group, p=NS. There was a higher rate of conversion to surgery in the ABI group (20%) versus the PRP group (10%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients who are resistant to first-line physical therapy such as eccentric loading, ABI or PRP injections are useful second-line therapies to improve clinical outcomes. In this study, up to seven out of 10 additional patients in this difficult to treat cohort benefit from a surgery-sparing intervention.
Transcriptional regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhlR, encoding a quorum-sensing regulatory protein (2003)

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhlR gene encodes the transcriptional regulator RhlR which has a central role in the quorum-sensing response. Different gene products involved in bacterial pathogenesis are regulated at the transcriptional level by two quorum-sensing response systems, Las and Rhl. The expression of rhlR has been reported to be under the control of the Las system, but its transcriptional regulation has not been studied in detail. Here, the rhlR promoter region has been characterized and shown to present four different transcription start sites, two of which are included in the upstream gene (rhlB) coding region. It was found that rhlR expression is not only dependent on LasR but also on different regulatory proteins such as Vfr and RhlR itself, and also on the alternative sigma factor sigma(54). It is reported that rhlR expression is partially LasR-independent under certain culture conditions and is strongly influenced by environmental factors.
A Facile Synthesis of (±)2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-α-Methyl-5-Benzoxazoleacetic Acid (Benoxaprofen) (1985)

Abstract A convenient four step procedure for the synthesis of benoxaprofen is described starting with 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.
Switched-capacitor circuits using polysilicon on quartz thin-film technology (2003)

It is shown that switched capacitor amplifiers and digital-to-analog converters can be built with adequate speed, voltage swing, and precision for AMLCDs (active-matrix liquid crystal displays) and other large-area electronic applications. Fully integrated polysilicon TFT (thin-film transistor) analog switched-capacitor circuits offer an alternative approach to data driver design. Switched capacitor circuits built entirely using polysilicon thin-film devices on quartz substrates has been demonstrated. Charge redistribution amplifiers and digital-to-analog converters are shown to operate at clock rates above 50 kHz, despite the relatively poor performance of polysilicon TFTs in comparison to conventional MOSFETs. Better than 8 b DAC accuracy is demonstrated. These results offer the possibility of greatly increased functionality on large-area devices such as flat-panel displays, page-width scan arrays, or page-width print heads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
QoE: Quality of Experience: A Conceptual Essay (2007)

The ICT industry and services are on the verge of substituting quality of service and utility functions with quality of experience, QoE. While intuitive, QoE, has eluded the research community. QoE takes into account what the user is experiencing with new products and services. Once this information is collected, it becomes an input in the development of the new product or new service. But how does one measure directly quality of experience? In this conceptual paper, I discuss from an ICT perspective, the utility function and quality of service, QoS. I also present how active interested the industry is in QoE. I concluded with some key points that may serve as a guideline in the process of constructing the QoE function.
Effects of Composition Changes, Substitutions, and Hydrostatic Pressure on the Ionic Conductivity in Lithium Aluminosilicate and Related Beta‐Eucryptite Materials (1978)

The effects of selected compositional changes, substitutions, and hydrostatic pressure on the lithium ion conductivity in lithium aluminosilicate solid electrolytes which exhibit the β‐eucryptite structure when in crystalline form have been determined. Substitutions of for and for in glass and glass‐ceramic materials have no significant effect on the ionic conductivity; however, the addition of and substitution of for increases the conductivity. The highest conductivities [ at 500°C] were obtained for glasses with enhanced concentrations (e.g.,), and for glass‐ceramics with both enhanced concentrations and substitutions (e.g., ). Generally, the glass‐ceramics have a lower conductivity than the glass except for certain substituted glass‐ceramics where this trend is reversed. Hydrostatic pressure experiments (to 2.0 GPa) on various glasses and glass‐ceramics showed only slight variations in the ionic conductivity characteristics. All of the results can be consistently interpreted in terms of the existence of glass‐crystalline interfacial layers in the glass‐ceramics. Ionic conductivity data are also presented on single crystals.
Active dielectric antenna on chip for spatial light modulation (2012)

Integrated photonic resonators are widely used to manipulate light propagation in an evanescently-coupled waveguide. While the evanescent coupling scheme works well for planar optical systems that are naturally waveguide based, many optical applications are free-space based, such as imaging, display, holographics, metrology and remote sensing. Here we demonstrate an active dielectric antenna as the interface device that allows the large-scale integration capability of silicon photonics to serve the free-space applications. We show a novel perturbation-base diffractive coupling scheme that allows a high-Q planer resonator to directly interact with and manipulate free-space waves. Using a silicon-based photonic crystal cavity whose resonance can be rapidly tuned with a p-i-n junction, a compact spatial light modulator with an extinction ratio of 9.5 dB and a modulation speed of 150 MHz is demonstrated. Method to improve the modulation speed is discussed.
The Association between Alcohol Dependence and Depression before and after Treatment for Alcohol Dependence (2012)

The presence of depression in alcohol-dependent persons is likely to influence treatment process and outcomes. Identification of depression is important though not every depressed alcohol-dependent person requires treatment with antidepressants. Understanding the association between depression and alcohol dependence is essential for proper management of alcohol dependence. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of depression among alcohol-dependent persons before and after alcohol detoxification and rehabilitation. Design. Clinical trial with pre-/postmeasurements. Method. The CIDI and WHO-ASSIST were administered to 188 alcohol-dependent persons at intake and after six months. A researcher-designed sociodemographic questionnaire was also administered at intake. Results. The prevalence of depression among alcohol-dependent persons is high (63.8%) with a significant association between depression and the mean AUDIT score. At posttest, depressed participants had a statistically significant craving for alcohol. Conclusion. Alcohol dependence is associated with major depression.
Interaction with geoscience data in an immersive environment (2002)

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has had a growing impact on business in the oil and gas industry. In 1997, there were only two VR visualization centers in the oil and gas industry, but now there are more than 20 visualization centers using VR technology. However most VR software systems in use are customized to perform specific tasks, and though some positive results have been reported, no systematic evaluation has been performed to quantify the benefits of using VR to interact with geoscience data. Therefore, we designed and implemented a VR application for the geosciences and then invited geoscientists and software developers to evaluate this application. The results show that VR provides a significantly enhanced visualization environment. Our results also suggest that the major challenge to the successful implementation of VR involves the improvement of VR interaction techniques.