gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF E-TURBO FOR SUV AND LIGHT TRUCK APPLICATIONS (2003)

The purpose of the project is to develop an electronically controlled, electrically assisted turbocharging system, e-Turbo, for application to SUV and light truck class of passenger vehicles. Earlier simulation work had shown the benefits of e-Turbo system on increasing low-end torque and improving fuel economy. This paper will present further data from the literature to show that advanced turbocharging can enable diesel engine downsizing of 10-30% with 6-17% improvement in fuel economy. This is in addition to the fuel economy benefit that a turbocharged diesel engine offers over conventional gasoline engines. E-Turbo is necessary to get acceptable driving characteristics with downsized diesel engines. As a first step towards the development of this technology for SUV/light truck sized diesel engines (4-6 litre displacement), design concepts and hardware were evaluated for a smaller engine (2 litre displacement). It was felt that design and developments issues could be minimized, the concept proven progressively on the bench, on a small engine and then applied to a large Vee engine (one on each bank). After successful demonstration of the concept, large turbomachinery could be designed and built specifically for larger SUV sized diesel engines. This paper presents the results of development of e-Turbo for a 2 litre diesel engine. A detailed comparison of several electric assist technologies including permanent magnet, six-phase induction and conventional induction motor/generator technology was done. A comparison of switched reluctance motor technology was also done although detailed design was not carried out.
Template design and fabrication for low loss orientation-patterned nonlinear AlGaAs waveguides pumped at 1.55 μm (2003)

All-optical networks with dynamic wavelength channel switching and routing are alternatives to existing networks that may help meet the need for ever-increasing bandwidth. In this context, nonlinear optical (NLO) waveguide devices are promising candidates for all-optical wavelength conversion, for example in WDM systems. Channel shifting was recently demonstrated in periodically-poled LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides. AlGaAs is also an attractive platform for NLO devices, due to its large second-order nonlinearity, polarization independence, and potential for monolithic integration with other optical devices. However, because of its optical isotropy, phasematching can only be achieved through artificial schemes. We have developed an all-epitaxial orientation-patterning technique allowing us to grow QPM AlGaAs waveguides. However, the performance of these devices was limited mainly by the intrinsic corrugation between core and cladding, due to template itself We are investigating a new template structure that will minimize this corrugation, and will drastically reduce losses, thus significantly increasing the conversion efficiency.
Failure of hyperimmune plasma to prevent pneumonia caused by <i>Rhodococcus equi</i> in foals (1995)

A trial was conducted on a Thoroughbred stud to determine whether or not the administration of anti-Rhodococcus equi hyperimmune plasma would reduce the prevalence of R equi pneumonia (rattles) in foals born in the 1992 horse breeding season. Hyperimmune plasma was administered to 34 foals; another 57 foals were untreated. There was no significant difference in the number of transfused foals developing R equi pneumonia compared with the untreated foals. The time required for recovery from pneumonia between the 2 groups was not significantly different.
Application of a SERS-based lateral flow immunoassay strip for the rapid and sensitive detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (2016)

A novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) biosensor was developed to resolve problems associated with conventional LFA strips (e.g., limits in quantitative analysis and low sensitivity). In our SERS-based biosensor, Raman reporter-labeled hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) were used as SERS detection probes instead of gold nanoparticles. With the proposed SERS-based LFA strip, the presence of a target antigen can be identified through a colour change in the test zone. Furthermore, highly sensitive quantitative evaluation is possible by measuring SERS signals from the test zone. To verify the feasibility of the SERS-based LFA strip platform, an immunoassay of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was performed as a model reaction. The limit of detection (LOD) for SEB, as determined with the SERS-based LFA strip, was estimated to be 0.001 ng mL(-1). This value is approximately three orders of magnitude more sensitive than that achieved with the corresponding ELISA-based method. The proposed SERS-based LFA strip sensor shows significant potential for the rapid and sensitive detection of target markers in a simplified manner.
Synthetic Approaches To Heavily Lipidated Phosphoglyceroinositides (2003)

[reaction: see text] Naturally occurring phosphoinositide glycoconjugates are equipped with varied acyl residues that are important for their biological activity and biosynthesis. This paper reports that acylation at O2 of the myo-inositol moiety can be achieved by stereocontrolled ortho ester rearrangement. Coupling to homo- or heterodiacylated glycerols was achieved via phosphoramidite methods, and exhaustive debenzylation by transfer hydrogenation afforded the deprotected phosphoglyceroinositides. The latter can be kept in chloroform solution at room temperature for over two months without migration of the inositol acyl group.
CD6 modulates thymocyte selection and peripheral T cell homeostasis (2016)

The CD6 glycoprotein is a lymphocyte surface receptor putatively involved in T cell development and activation. CD6 facilitates adhesion between T cells and antigen-presenting cells through its interaction with CD166/ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule), and physically associates with the T cell receptor (TCR) at the center of the immunological synapse. However, its precise role during thymocyte development and peripheral T cell immune responses remains to be defined. Here, we analyze the in vivo consequences of CD6 deficiency. CD6(-/-) thymi showed a reduction in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) single-positive subsets, and double-positive thymocytes exhibited increased Ca(2+) mobilization to TCR cross-linking in vitro. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed a T cell-autonomous selective disadvantage of CD6(-/-) T cells during development. The analysis of TCR-transgenic mice (OT-I and Marilyn) confirmed that abnormal T cell selection events occur in the absence of CD6. CD6(-/-) mice displayed increased frequencies of antigen-experienced peripheral T cells generated under certain levels of TCR signal strength or co-stimulation, such as effector/memory (CD4(+)TEM and CD8(+)TCM) and regulatory (T reg) T cells. The suppressive activity of CD6(-/-) T reg cells was diminished, and CD6(-/-) mice presented an exacerbated autoimmune response to collagen. Collectively, these data indicate that CD6 modulates the threshold for thymocyte selection and the generation and/or function of several peripheral T cell subpopulations, including T reg cells.
NUVA: architectural support for runtime verification of parametric specifications over multicores (2015)

Runtime Verification (RV) has recently emerged as a complementary technology to extend coverage of conventional software verification methods. To address the substantial performance and power overhead of pure software RV frameworks, this paper introduces NUVA, which stands for nonuniform verification architecture, a distributed automata-based RV architecture for parametric specifications in the form of parameterized finite-state automata, with a case study over a cache-coherent nonuniform-memory-access (ccNUMA) multiprocessor. The core of NUVA is a coherent distributed automata transactional memory (ATM) that efficiently maintains states of a dynamic population of automata checkers organized into a rooted dynamic directed acyclic graph (DAG) concurrently shared among all processor nodes. A cycle-accurate model of a ccNUMA multiprocessor confirms that performance slowdown is 1~3% and NoC message traffic increases by 10~15% at parametric event density1 of 0.025 EPI for two compute-intensive scientific benchmarks having irregular concurrent data structures. The detailed architecture and implementation metrics in TSMC 40nm CMOS technology are presented. NUVA can be dimensioned to incur average total power overhead of less than 140mW and area overhead of 4mm2 for a quad-core multiprocessor chip, at operating frequency of 250MHz. It is also estimated to incur 1.9~2.6% area overhead and 0.5~1% power overhead when integrated with Intel's family of high-end desktop and mobile quad-core processors operating at 1.6~3.2GHz. Our silicon implementation achieves average performance2 of 1.5 MEPS/mW. For a processor core with 5 MIPS/mW, this corresponds to a 3.2% drop in energy efficiency at parametric event density of 0.01 EPI.
Is log <i>P</i> a Convenient Criterion to Guide the Choice of Solvents for Biphasic Enzymatic Reactions? (2003)

Auf die Wahl kommt es an. Um Ketone mit geringer Wasserlöslichkeit mit hoch chemo- und enantioselektiven Alkohol-Dehydrogenasen (ADHs) umsetzen zu können, kann man die Reaktion in wässrig-organischen Zweiphasensystemen durchführen (siehe Bild). Aber nach welchem Kriterium soll man das organische Solvens wählen?
Polypeptides of hepatitis B virus surface antigen produced by a hepatoma cell line (1979)

The PLC/PRF/5 cell line derived from a human hepatoma produces hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 22-nm particles of the same buoyant density as those found in the serum of infected patients. The HBsAg particles from this cell line were labeled with [35S]methionine and purified, and the polypeptides were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with those of serum-derived particles. The two major polypeptides of serum-derived HBsAg particles (p20 and p23) were found in the same relative amounts in the particles from the cell line. The three smallest of the five minor components observed in HBsAg particles from serum were present in particles from the cell line. These polypeptides (p31, p36, and p43), as well as p20 and p23, were precipitated with anti-HBs-containing serum. The two largest polypeptides of serum particles (p49 and p66) were not detected in particles from these cells. When the PLC/PRF/5 HBsAg particles were radiolabeled with tritiated sugars, p23, and not p20, was found to contain radioactivity, indicating that the pattern of polypeptide glycosylation is similar to that of serum HBsAg. None of the other possible gene products of hepatitis B virus was detected in the PLC/PRF/5-derived HBsAg particles, in the cells, or in the cell supernatants.
Leveraging Concept-Enhanced Pre-Training Model and Masked-Entity Language Model for Named Entity Disambiguation (2020)

Named Entity Disambiguation (NED) refers to the task of resolving multiple named entity mentions in an input-text sequence to their correct references in a knowledge graph. We tackle NED problem by leveraging two novel objectives for pre-training framework, and propose a novel pre-training NED model. Especially, the proposed pre-training NED model consists of: (i) concept-enhanced pre-training, aiming at identifying valid lexical semantic relations with the concept semantic constraints derived from external resource Probase; and (ii) masked entity language model, aiming to train the contextualized embedding by predicting randomly masked entities based on words and non-masked entities in the given input-text. Therefore, the proposed pre-training NED model could merge the advantage of pre-training mechanism for generating contextualized embedding with the superiority of the lexical knowledge (e.g., concept knowledge emphasized here) for understanding language semantic. We conduct experiments on the CoNLL dataset and TAC dataset, and various datasets provided by GERBIL platform. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves significantly higher performance than previous models.
11-16세기 한국의 노비와 일본의 게닌(下人) (2004)

11~16세기 한국의 노비와 일본의 게닌은 그들의 일부가 주인의 사유재산으로서 노예적인 처지에 있었다는 공통점에도 불구하고 몇 가지 중대한 차이를 보였다. 일본의 게닌은 주로 가난한 자유인이 채무노예로 몰락하는 경로를 통해 발생하였음에 비해 한국의 노비는 주로 자유인이 국가의 부세를 피해 귀족?양반가에 투속하거나 그들의 노비와 결혼하는 경로로 확대되었다. 일본의 중세국가는 게닌이 주인의 완전한 사유재산임을 공인하고 양자관계에 개입하지 않았다. 대조적으로 한국의 노비는 한편으론 주인의 사유재산이지만, 다른 한편으론 국가의 공민으로서 공적인 부세를 담당하여야 했다. 한국의 중세국가는 노비에 대한 공적 지배를 완전히 포기하지 않았다. 일본의 게닌들에게는 모자를 쓰지 못하게 하는 등, 그들을 자유인으로부터 격리하고 차별하는 상징이 강하게 부착되었다. 반면에 한국의 노비들은 일반 자유인으로부터 그렇게 심하게 격리되고 차별되지 않았다. 일본의 게닌은 상대적으로 노예에 더 가까운 반면, 한국의 노비는 상대적으로 농노에 더 가까웠다. 그러한 차이는 양국 중세사회의 구조적 차이를 대변하였다.
Ion-implanted MOS technology (1971)

Abstract This paper discusses the current state of ion-implantation as applied to MOS technology. It is shown how impurity doping by ion-implantation is used to produce self-aligned MOS gate structures. The reduction in circuit capacitance gives the designer a choice of higher switching speed or lower power dissipation. The availability of a linear resistor of value 1–10 kω/□ allows many new circuit techniques to be applied to monolithic circuits. This paper discusses ion-implantation technology, device design, and circuit performance. A number of implanted circuits are shown. Finally, improvements to the present technology which are still in the R & D phase are described.
Techniques for user testing of the 68882 (2003)

The steps required to develop a test program for the Motorola 68882 floating-point coprocessor, are documented, using only functional techniques. The resulting test program for the 68882 executes 550000 clock cycles and tests 2700 instructions. The functional test method, LEAD, is ideal for the user, since the program generates vectors directly from assembly language and test the 68882 just as it would be used in an application. Also, the LEAD method, used in conjunction with an emulated microprocessor, is proved to be a useful test development technique for a variety of coprocessors and peripherals. The intent of the 68882 program was to exhaustively test every register, data format and instruction. The authors conclude that absolute test coverage is probably not achievable, but the program is able to provide functional test coverage and to serve the end user by quickly responding to any application problems that arise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ubiquitous Computing: A New Era of Computing (2019)

Technology advancements and the need for automated devices have influenced the concept of ubiquitous computing. With the growth of interfaces for communications, the complexity of services and security has increased. This chapter describes trends in and impact of ubiquitous computing. It further discusses the characteristics, hurdles, and application areas of ubiquitous computing, along with outlining a working model for ubiquitous computing. The chapter concludes with elaborating on various technologies that are using ubiquitous computing and the related security issues.
Malpractice and the National Practitioner Data Bank: what OR nurses need to know. (1991)

The National Practitioner Data Bank will record any payments made for any reason related to a malpractice suit in a central data bank available to a number of designated parties. Hospitals will be required to request this information to screen applicants and at least every 2 years for appointment renewals. The data bank may also be consulted by hospitals and state licensing boards as they deem necessary and by professional societies when reviewing membership applications. It is in the best interests of all malpractice defendants to insist on adequate representation of their personal, professional, and financial interests, which may necessitate insurance carriers providing each defendant with individual counsel.
Decomposition of images and objects into measurement and null components (1998)

We derive and discuss an algorithm for separating measurement-and null-space components of an object with respect to a given imaging system. This algorithm requires a discrete-to-discrete approximation of a typically continuous-to-discrete imaging system, and problems associated with such an approximation are examined. Situations where knowledge of the measurement and null spaces is crucial for analyzing imaging systems are discussed. We conclude with two examples demonstrating the usefulness of this algorithm, even in the discrete-to-discrete approximation.
Effect of Genotypes and Environments on Oil Content and Oil Quality Parameters and Their Correlation in Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.)1 (1993)

Abstract The quality of edible oils is now receiving increasing consideration from consumers and processors. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of environments on oil content and fatty acid composition in peanut. The correlation between oil content and oil quality parameters was also studied. Thirteen peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were grown in 12 environments for the study. Soils at experiment locations differed significantly for pH, EC, and N, P, Zn, Mn, and Fe contents. Significant genotype, environment, and genotype x environment interaction effects were observed for oil content, individual fatty acid contents, and derived oil quality parameters. The original range of 34-54% of oil content based on one season/location evaluation in these lines was not repeatable, and ranged from 45-50% in multilocation evaluation. Oil content was positively correlated with soil pH and Fe content. The correlation of oleic and linoleic acid content with soil pH and Fe content was positive in the former and negative in the latter. The oil content was positively correlated with O/L ratio. Oliec and linoleic acid contents were negatively correlated. Selection for reduced linoleic acid level in genotypes would also reduce levels of total long chain saturated fatty (TLCSF) acids. Of the thirteen genotypes tested, ICG 5856, ICG 5369, and ICGV 87124 could be used in breeding for improved oil quality.
Calcium Halophosphate Phosphors (1949)

Calcium halophosphates were prepared by firing together calcium chloride and calcium fluoride in various ratios with calcium phosphate containing antimony and manganese as activators, in an electric furnace at 1060°C. for 1 hour. The x‐ray diffraction studies gave patterns very similar to the mineral apatite. Spectral energy distribution measurements indicated that as the chlorine was replaced by equal mole fractions of fluorine, the peak of emission shifted from 5800 Å for all chlorine to 5550 Å when only fluorine was used. Calcium halophosphate activated with antimony alone has a peak of fluorescence at about 4800 Å. As the per centage of manganese is increased up to five per cent, the blue emission is entirely suppressed and a broad peak is obtained at about 5800 Å. The amount of antimony in the phosphor does not appreciably affect the fluorescent color. Excitation measurements of various calcium halophosphates reveal that there are two distinct peaks. A major one is located near 2500 Å and a minor one at 2200 Å. Replacing the chlorine by fluorine tends to shift the major peak toward the longer wavelengths. The effect of manganese seemed to be to enhance the minor excitation peak at 2200 Å. Fluorescent lamps made from this phosphor have been obtained that have outputs and color temperatures comparable to lamps made with zinc beryllium silicate and magnesium tungstate.
The Feasibility of Using a Hot-Film Anemometer in the Rain (1994)

Cylindrical, platinum-coated, hot-film anemometers were struck with a series of individual drops of water while immersed in controlled airflows with velocities ranging from 0.3 to 5.0 m s−1. Subjecting the sensor to water drops caused slight, but permanent, changes in calibration. In an effort to overcome calibration changes following drop impacts, a Teflon-coated sensor was also tested. A filtering algorithm was devised to remove drop-caused spikes in the recorded time series. An average spike duration of 0.32 s per drop impact was found, and maximum record loss was estimated to be 1.7% for rainfall rates less than 30 mm h−1.
Electrical properties of CdS/polyaniline heterojunction (2006)

Conducting polyaniline (PANI) has been synthesized using Sol-gel technique with chemical oxidation process. Chemically prepared cadmium sulphide has been printed on pellet of conducting polyaniline using screen-printing technique. I-V characteristics of conducting polyaniline and CdS printed conducting polyaniline have been recorded at room temperature using Keithley Electrometer. The results indicated that I-V of conducting polyaniline shows non-ohmic behaviour and I-V characteristic of CdS printed PANI, a CdS/ PANI heterojunction, shows the rectification effect and confirms that a diode can be fabricated by using simple technique.
Kinetics of the formation of dibenzotetraazapentalenes (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the formation of dibenzotetraazapentalenesKuk-Tae Park, Chang-Kiu Lee, and Chi-Sun HahnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 25, 4501–4503Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00393a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00393a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of Cancer Cell Growth Heterogeneity through Lentiviral Barcoding Identifies Clonal Dominance as a Characteristic of In Vivo Tumor Engraftment (2013)

Advances in the fields of cancer initiating cells and high-throughput in vivo shRNA screens have highlighted a need to observe the growth of tumor cells in cancer models at the clonal level. While in vivo cancer cell growth heterogeneity in xenografts has been described, it has yet to be measured. Here, we tested an approach to quantify the clonal growth heterogeneity of cancer cells in subcutaneous xenograft mouse models. Using a high-throughput sequencing method, we followed the fate in vitro and in vivo of ten thousand HCT-116 cells individually tagged with a unique barcode delivered by lentiviral transduction. While growth in vitro was less homogeneous than anticipated, we still find that 95% of the final cells derived from 80% of the original cells. In xenografts, however, 95% of the retrieved barcoded cells originated from only 6% of the initially injected cells, an effect we term "clonal dominance". We observed this clonal dominance in two additional xenograft models (MDA-MB-468 and A2780(cis)) and in two different host strains (NSG and Nude). By precisely and reproducibly quantifying clonal cancer cell growth in vivo, we find that a small subset of clones accounts for the vast majority of the descendant cells, even with HCT-116, a cell line reported to lack a tumor-initiating compartment. The stochastic in vivo selection process we describe has important implications for the fields of in vivo shRNA screening and tumor initiating cells.