gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nordic-Baltic security, Germany and NATO: the Baltic Sea Region is a test case for European security (2016)

The countries around the Baltic Sea are among Europe's frontline states affected by the conflict between Russia and western Europe. The Baltics and Nordics share a common concern about a revisionist, aggressive, and rearming Russia: Since the onset of the crisis in and around Ukraine in 2014, these countries have felt increasingly exposed to Rus-sian military and non-military intimidation. Currently, they can neither defend nor maintain regional security by themselves: Their capacities are limited and their mem-ber-ships in different security institutions (EU and NATO) complicate a common assess-ment and response, as do their diverging security policies. They depend on the deter-rence and defence efforts of their partners and NATO. This has turned the regional Nor-dic-Baltic security challenge into a European and transatlantic one. NATO's credibility depends on whether it can guarantee the security of those countries. Germany, as one of the largest and most capable countries bordering the Baltic Sea, should contribute towards improving regional security by supporting regional cooperation, and by sharpening the Nordic-Baltic dimension of its security policy. (SWP Comments)
Quantitative feedback theory (1982)

In quantitative feedback theory, plant parameter and disturbance uncertainty are the reasons for using feedback. They are defined by means of a set Q = {P} of plant operators and a set D = {D} of disturbances. The desired system performance is defined by sets of acceptable outputs Au in response to an input u, to be achieved for all P∈ Q. If any design freedom remains in the achievement of the design specifications, it is used to minimise the effect of sensor noise at the plant input. Rigorous, exact quantitative synthesis theories have been established to a fair extent for highly uncertain linear, nonlinear and time-varying single-input single-output, single-loop and some multiple-loop structures; also for multiple-input multiple-output plants with output feedback and with internal variable feedback, both linear and nonlinear. There have been many design examples vindicating the theory. Frequency-response methods have been found to be especially useful and transparent, enabling the designer to see the trade-off between conflicting design factors. The key tool in dealing with uncertain nonlinear and multiple-input multiple-output plants is their conversion into equivalent uncertain linear time-invariant single-input single-output plants. Schauder's fixed-point theorem justifies the equivalence. Modern control theory, in particular singular-value theory, is examined and judged to be comparatively inadequate for dealing with plant parameter uncertainties.
Fabrication of ultrathin solid electrolyte membranes of β-Li<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub> nanoflakes by evaporation-induced self-assembly for all-solid-state batteries (2016)

Evaporation-induced self-assembly produces ultrathin solid electrolyte membranes of β-Li<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub> while maintaining its high ionic conductivity and stability with metallic Li.
A 40 MFLOPS 32-bit floating-point processor (2003)

A 40 MFLOPS (million floating-point operations per second), 32-bit floating-point processor (FP) for a single-board data-driven processor is developed using a pipeline configuration called the elastic pipeline structure. Because there is no need to add controls for pipeline flushing by virtue of the data-driven processing principle, it is possible to employ extensively subdivided pipeline stages. The elastic mode of data transfer between pipeline stages and distributed execution controls along the pipeline result in minimum deterioration of the inherent logic switching speed. The structure of the FP is shown together with details of the ALU (arithmetic logic unit) block. The fabrication process and chip specifications are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome (2008)

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) can be classified according to the aetiology of the different disorders from which it is composed. The most prevalent form is that induced by shigatoxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and, in some tropical regions, by Shigella dysenteriae type 1. STEC cause a zoonosis, are widely distributed in nature, enter the food chain in different ways, and show regional differences. Not all STEC are human pathogens. Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli usually cause attachment and effacing lesions in the intestine. This is not essential, but production of a shigatoxin (Stx) is. Because Stx are encoded by a bacteriophage, this property is transferable to naïve strains. Laboratory methods have improved by identifying STEC either via the toxin or its bacteriophage. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 produces shigatoxin, identical to Stx-1, but also has entero-invasive properties that enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) do not. Shigella patients risk bacteremia and benefit from early antibiotic treatment, unlike those with EHEC.
Acoustical Properties of Homogeneous, Isotropic Rigid Tiles and Flexible Blankets (1947)

Studies on rigid acoustical tiles and soft blankets are described in this paper. It is shown that two waves travel through the material—one primarily airborne and the other primarily structure-borne. From a knowledge of the density of the sample, the volume coefficients of elasticity of the air and of the skeleton of the material, the porosity, the air flow resistance, the inter-fiber frictional resistance, and the structure factor, the propagation constants of each of these waves can be calculated. The experimental results indicate that the theory is useful in calculating the performance of the flexible, airplane type of blankets over the entire audible frequency range. For rigid tiles, however, the theory appears to fail at frequencies above 1000 c.p.s. if the flow resistance is high, and it fails at all frequencies for materials with low flow resistance. Experiment shows that the condensations and rarefactions of the gas in blankets take place isothermally at low frequencies and adiabatically at high. The transfer from one state to the other occurs gradually in the 100 to 2000 c.p.s. region. A more complete theory is required to explain the effects of thermodynamic and viscous losses on the propagation constant of rigid materials.
Characterizing morphology differences from image data using a modified fisher criterion (2011)

Image-based morphometry of cells, tissues, and organs is an important topic in biomedical image analysis. We propose a novel method to characterize the morphological information that discriminates between two populations of morphological exemplars (cells, organs). We first demonstrate that the application of standard techniques such as Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FDA) can lead to undesirable errors in characterizing such information. We then describe an adaptation of the FDA technique that utilizes a least squares projection error to regularize the final solution. We show results comparing the FDA, modified FDA, and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques utilizing a contour-based characterization of both simulated and real images of cell nuclei.
DNA probes for distinguishing Psychodopygus wellcomei from Psychodopygus complexus (Diptera: Psychodidae) (1991)

Genomic DNA fragments from males of Psychodopygus wellcomei were isolated and shown to be useful as sensitive diagnostic probes for positively separating individuals of this species from those of Ps. complexus. These two members of the Ps. squamiventris series are found sympatrically in foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the hill forests of southern Pará State. Of the two species, only Ps. wellcomei is thought to be an important vector of Leishmania braziliensis sensu stricto, but this is based on circumstantial evidence because of the difficulties of identifying female sandflies within the series. The diagnostic probes were isolated from a library of Ps. wellcomei built by ligating short fragments of Sau 3A-restricted, genomic DNA into the plasmid vector pUC 18. Differential screening of 1316.library clones with total genomic DNA of Ps. wellcomei and Ps. complexus identified 5 recombinants, with cross-hybridizing inserts of repetitive DNA, that showed strong specificity for Ps. wellcomei. As little as 0.4% of the DNA extracted from an individual sandfly (= ca. 0.5 nanograms) was specifically detected. The diagnostic probes were used to identify as Ps. wellcomei a wild-caught female sandfly found infected with L. braziliensis s.s., providing only the second positive association between these two species.
Homo habitans - Cultuurhistorische notities over het wonen (2002)

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List successive cancellation decoding of polar codes (2012)

A list successive cancellation (LSC) decoding algorithm to boost the performance of polar codes is proposed. Compared with traditional successive cancellation decoding algorithms, LSC simultaneously produces at most L locally best candidates during the decoding process to reduce the chance of missing the correct codeword. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is O(LNlog N), where N and L are the code length and the list size, respectively. Simulation results of LSC decoding in the binary erasure channel and binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel show a significant performance improvement.
Statistical Coding and Decoding of Heartbeat Intervals (2011)

The heart integrates neuroregulatory messages into specific bands of frequency, such that the overall amplitude spectrum of the cardiac output reflects the variations of the autonomic nervous system. This modulatory mechanism seems to be well adjusted to the unpredictability of the cardiac demand, maintaining a proper cardiac regulation. A longstanding theory holds that biological organisms facing an ever-changing environment are likely to evolve adaptive mechanisms to extract essential features in order to adjust their behavior. The key question, however, has been to understand how the neural circuitry self-organizes these feature detectors to select behaviorally relevant information. Previous studies in computational perception suggest that a neural population enhances information that is important for survival by minimizing the statistical redundancy of the stimuli. Herein we investigate whether the cardiac system makes use of a redundancy reduction strategy to regulate the cardiac rhythm. Based on a network of neural filters optimized to code heartbeat intervals, we learn a population code that maximizes the information across the neural ensemble. The emerging population code displays filter tuning proprieties whose characteristics explain diverse aspects of the autonomic cardiac regulation, such as the compromise between fast and slow cardiac responses. We show that the filters yield responses that are quantitatively similar to observed heart rate responses during direct sympathetic or parasympathetic nerve stimulation. Our findings suggest that the heart decodes autonomic stimuli according to information theory principles analogous to how perceptual cues are encoded by sensory systems.
Deriving linearizable fine-grained concurrent objects (2008)

Practical and efficient algorithms for concurrent data structures are difficult to construct and modify. Algorithms in the literature are often optimized for a specific setting, making it hard to separate the algorithmic insights from implementation details. The goal of this work is to systematically construct algorithms for a concurrent data structure starting from its sequential implementation. Towards that goal, we follow a construction process that combines manual steps corresponding to high-level insights with automatic exploration of implementation details. To assist us in this process, we built a new tool called Paraglider. The tool quickly explores large spaces of algorithms and uses bounded model checking to check linearizability of algorithms.
James D. Cochrane (1995)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Video‐rate confocal endoscopy (2002)

Rigid endoscopes provide high quality optical images of reasonably accessible regions of the inner body, especially regions such as the aero-digestive and genital tracts. In order to enhance the versatility of these instruments we describe a development that permits confocal endoscopic images to be obtained - along with traditional endoscopic images - in real-time, from within the living patient. The system is based around a host lenslet-array tandem scanning microscope, which is capable of producing images viewed directly by eye. These types of confocal microscope are configured for fluorescence imaging together with laser illumination. Hard and soft tissues in the mouth were imaged using this combined system.
Why Molecular Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury May Never Work: Effects of Glymphatic Pathway Dysfunction (2016)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults around the world because it has been the most misunderstood and misdiagnosed problem among the central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Around 90% of TBIs are classified as mild (mTBI). The current detection of mTBI relies heavily on an assessment of behavioral symptoms, often with delay and subject to motivation. Despite notable advances in diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it remains a challenging issue to precisely make early evaluation of the severity of TBI and to predict the long-term outcomes. Currently there are no molecular biomarker-based blood tests that can accurately determine the presence and the severity of TBI because at present no clinical tools are available for measuring glymphatic-derived convective bulk flow in humans. There is an urgent need to call for a concerted effort to search for sensitive and reliable biomarkers of TBI, especially mTBI. There is a growing consensus that TBI, no matter what the cause, leads to dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is mainly constituted by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). Our recent preclinical studies have shown that circulating BMEC in the peripheral blood, which are independent of the glymphatic system, could be used as cellbased biomarkers for quantitative assessment of BBB injury caused by various pathogenic insults, including trauma. The vimentin-α7 nAChR pathway significantly contributes to cBMEC shedding during the pathogenesis of BBB/CNS disorders. The cell-based biomarkers cBMEC along with the single cell technology will overcome the limitations of molecular biomarkers mentioned above and make the early diagnosis of TBI.
Substructuring and Component Mode Synthesis (1997)

Substructuring and component mode synthesis (CMS), is a very popular method of model reduction for large structural dynamics problems. Starting from the pioneering works on this technique in the early 1960s, many researchers have studied and used this technique in a variety of applications. Besides model reduction, CMS offers several other crucial advantages. The present work aims to provide a review of the available literature on this important technique.
The Hydrolysis of Some β-Alkoxypropionitriles<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Hydrolysis of Some β-Alkoxypropionitriles1Robert V. Christian Jr. and R. M. HixonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 4, 1333–1336Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01184a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01184a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transport properties and flux pinning by self-organization in YBa<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films on vicinal SrTiO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(001) (1997)

We have observed anisotropic flux pinning and resistivity in the substrate plane of YBa${}_{2}$Cu${}_{3}$O${}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (YBCO) thin films grown on vicinal SrTiO${}_{3}$(001) with the $c$ axis oriented along the SrTiO${}_{3}$ [001] direction. Using UHV scanning tunneling microscopy and transmission electron microscopy we demonstrate the influence of a periodic nanoscale step structure of the clean substrate surface on the morphology and defect microstructure of subsequently deposited YBCO films. A linear array of dislocations generated via self-organization of the YBCO leads to an exceptionally large critical current density up to $8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}$A/m${}^{2}$ at 4.2 K. The findings indicate that the critical current density of high-temperature superconductors can be enhanced in a controlled way growing thin films on tailored substrate surfaces.
[Immunochemical study of blastolysin]. (1985)

The immunochemical properties of blastolysin (BL), a preparation obtained from the cell walls of Lactobacillus bulgaricus with immunostimulating and antitumor activity were studied. The experiments on dogs and rabbits showed that the immunogenic effect of BL was not high. However, after parenteral administration to the dogs and rabbits it induced production of the specific antibodies detected with the Ouchterlony test of direct hemagglutination and immunodiffusion. This should be taken into account in development of the schemes for its use as a pharmacological agent. With the procedures of gel filtration on the columns with Sephadex G-75 and immunodiffusion the fraction composition of BL was determined and the use of the immunochemical procedures for standardization of the BL preparations was shown to be possible.
Transcriptome profiling of maize anthers using genetic ablation to analyze pre‐meiotic and tapetal cell types (2007)

Oligonucleotide arrays were used to profile gene expression in dissected maize anthers at four stages: after-anther initiation, at the rapid mitotic proliferation stage, pre-meiosis, and meiotic prophase I. Nearly 9200 sense and antisense transcripts were detected, with the most diverse transcriptome present at the pre-meiotic stage. Three male-sterile mutants lacking a range of normal cell types resulting from a temporal progression of anther failure were compared with fertile siblings at equivalent stages by transcription profiles. The msca1 mutant has the earliest visible phenotype, develops none of the normal anther cell types and exhibits the largest deviation from fertile siblings. The mac1 mutant has an excess of archesporial derivative cells and lacks a tapetum and middle layer, resulting in moderate transcriptional deviations. The ms23 mutant lacks a differentiated tapetum and shows the fewest differences from fertile anthers. By combining the data sets from the comparisons between individual sterile and fertile anthers, candidate genes predicted to play important roles during maize anther development were assigned to stages and to likely cell types. Comparative analyses with a data set of anther-specific genes from rice highlight remarkable quantitative similarities in gene expression between these two grasses.
[no title] (1969)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
A Simplified Method for Optimising Sequentially Processed Access Control Lists (2010)

Among the various options for implementing Internet packet filters in the form of Access Control Lists (ACLs), is the intuitive - but potentially crude - method of processing the ACL rules in sequential order. Although such an approach leads to variable processing times for each packet matched against the ACL, it also offers the opportunity to reduce this time by reordering its rules in response to changing traffic characteristics. A number of heuristics exist for optimising rule order in sequentially processed ACLs and the most efficient of these can be shown to have a beneficial effect in a majority of cases and for ACLs with relatively small numbers of rules. This paper presents an enhancement to this algorithm by reducing part of its complexity. Although the simplification involved leads to an instantaneous lack of accuracy, the long-term trade-off between processing speed and performance can be seen, through experimentation, to be positive. This improvement, though small, is consistent and worthwhile and can be observed in the majority of cases.
Synthesis of DOTA-conjugated multivalent cyclic-RGD peptide dendrimers via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and their biological evaluation: implications for tumor targeting and tumor imaging purposes (2007)

This report describes the design and synthesis of a series of alpha(V)beta(3) integrin-directed monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Lys] dendrimers using "click chemistry". It was found that the unprotected N-epsilon-azido derivative of cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Lys] underwent a highly chemoselective conjugation to amino acid-based dendrimers bearing terminal alkynes using a microwave-assisted Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The alpha(V)beta(3) binding characteristics of the dendrimers were determined in vitro and their in vivoalpha(V)beta(3) targeting properties were assessed in nude mice with subcutaneously growing human SK-RC-52 tumors. The multivalent RGD-dendrimers were found to have enhanced affinity toward the alpha(V)beta(3) integrin receptor as compared to the monomeric derivative as determined in an in vitro binding assay. In case of the DOTA-conjugated (111)In-labeled RGD-dendrimers, it was found that the radiolabeled multimeric dendrimers showed specifically enhanced uptake in alpha(V)beta(3) integrin expressing tumors in vivo. These studies showed that the tetrameric RGD-dendrimer had better tumor targeting properties than its dimeric and monomeric congeners.