gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Technological Adoption in Agriculture Through Self Help Groups in Uttar Pradesh (2008)

A poor extension service has been identified as one of the major bottleneck in agricultural growth. Productivity enhancement is directly related to increased adoption of new technology. A World bank aided Diversified Agriculture Support Project (DASP) was implemented in the identified 157 blocks of 32 districts of the U.P. with objective of increasing agriculture productivity and production through support of UP's diversified production system, encouragement to privatization in agriculture and improvement in rural infrastructure. The mission of the project was to utilize unlimited potential of the state through participatory approaches, empowerment of farmers, development of rural infrastructure to support agriculture & allied enterprises for sustainable development.17986 Self Help Groups (SHGs) were formed to promote diversification of agriculture and its marketing out of which 3785 SHGs were actively involved in the marketing of agricultural produce and they were termed as Active Marketing Farmers' Interest Groups. The study was conducted to assess the impact of SHGs on technology dissemination and its adoption on farmers' field. It was observed that 67 percent farmers are using seed treatment followed by soil treatment (58 percent). 57 percent farmers are using HYV and 47 percent of gross cropped area was covered under soil testing. Efforts should be made to form more number of Farmers Interest Groups.
Simulation of High-pH Coreflood Experiments Using a Compositional Chemical Flood Simulator (1991)

ABSTRACT This paper reports on the use of a high pH chemical flood reservoir simulator to simulate high pH coreflood experiments. The coreflood experiments include one alkaline flood, two alkaline/polymer floods under two different salinity environments and an alkaline/surfactant/polymer flood. The agreement between the experimental and numerical oil recoveries and produced chemical compositions is very encouraging and supports the validity of the mathematical model used in the simulator. The importance of the preflush brine salinity, mobility control and effective salinity gradient using a cosurfactant as observed in the experimental data are also evident from the numerical results. Most of the fundamental mechanisms known for micellar/polymer flooding also seem to apply to high pH chemical floods, especially the dominant effect of low interfacial tension. This is the first time that comparisons have been made between a mechanistic reservoir simulator and high pH coreflood experiments. Such comparisons have yielded new insights into high pH chemical flooding.
Methods for the estimation of serum magnesium in clinical laboratories. (1986)

A variety of methods have been reported for the quantitative analysis of magnesium in serum and other biological fluids. The methods may be classified into the following groups: magnesium ammonium phosphate; 8-hydroxyquinoline; titan yellow; dihydroxyazobenzene using fluorimetry; Schwarzenbach ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; atomic emission spectrophotometry; atomic absorption spectrophotometry; ion chromatography, and carboxanilide, calmagite and related dye methods. These methods are reviewed with specific emphasis on the limitations for their use in clinical laboratories.
Potential risk factors associated with contact dermatitis, lameness, negative emotional state, and fear of humans in broiler chicken flocks (2013)

The objectives of this study were to 1) identify determinants of poor welfare in commercial broiler chicken flocks by studying the associations between selected resource-based measures (RBM, potential risk factors), such as litter quality and dark period, and animal-based welfare indicators (ABM), such as foot pad dermatitis and lameness, and 2) establish the breadth of effect of a risk factor by determining the range of animal welfare indicators associated with each of the risk factors (i.e., the number of ABM related to a specific RBM). Eighty-nine broiler flocks were inspected in 4 European countries (France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands) in a cross-sectional study. The ABM were contact dermatitis (measured using scores of foot-pad dermatitis and hock burn, respectively), lameness (measured as gait score), fear of humans (measured by the avoidance distance test and the touch test), and negative emotional state (measured using qualitative behavior assessment, QBA). In a first step, risk factors were identified by building a multiple linear regression model for each ABM. Litter quality was identified as a risk factor for contact dermatitis. Length of dark period at 3 wk old (DARK3) was a risk factor for the touch test result. DARK3 and flock age were risk factors for lameness, and the number of different stockmen and DARK3 were risk factors for QBA results. Next, the ABM were grouped according to risk factor and counted. Then, in a second step, associations between the ABM were investigated using common factor analysis. The breadth of a risk factor's effect was judged by combining the number (count) of ABM related to this factor and the strength of association between these ABM. Flock age and DARK3 appeared to affect several weakly correlated ABM, thus indicating a broad range of effects. Our findings suggest that manipulation of the predominant risk factors identified in this study (DARK3, litter quality, and slaughter age) could generate improvements in the related ABM and thereby enhance the birds' overall welfare status.
Barite solubilities and thermodynamic quantities up to 300 degrees C and 1400 bars (1977)

Solubilities of specially synthesized coarse-grained barite were determined in H/sub 2/O solutions from 22 to 280/sup 0/C and 1 to 1400 bars, and in 0.2 and 4 molal NaCl solutions from 100 to 250/sup 0/C and 1 to 500 bars. Isobaric solubilities are maximum near 100/sup 0/C in H/sub 2/O solutions; the maxima migrate to progressively higher temperatures in solutions of increasing NaCl concentrations. Isothermal solubilities increase with rising NaCl concentration and pressure. The effect of NaCl on increasing solubilities becomes greater with rising temperature. Changing temperatures cause different responses, depending on the composition of the solution and the temperature range. Initially-saturated dilute natural waters would precipitate barite with either increasing temperature or decreasing temperature, depending on the circumstances. Saline solutions are capable of behaving much like dilute solutions below 1 molal NaCl, but at higher NaCl concentrations the temperature effect on isobaric solubilities is monotonically positive. Barite solubility in sufficiently saline solutions in nature would increase with depth, due to increasing temperature and pressure. Precipitation would tend to occur during migration of solutions toward the surface. Because the low solubility of barite precludes effective transport of BaSO/sub 4/ in large quantities, precipitation of barite by the reaction of Ba/supmore » 2 +/ with sulfate derived from the oxidation of S/sup 2 -/ may be more important as a depositional mechanism than changes in the temperature-pressure environment. Thermodynamic equilibrium constants (K) and the free-energy changes for the reaction (..delta..G) for the dissolution of barite were calculated from the solubility data. Enthalpies, entropies, and volumes of reaction obtained from the solubility data are in accord with published data. Activity coefficients calculated using barite solubilities in NaCl solutions and log K data are accurately modeled by an extended form of the Debye-Hueckel equation.« less
Organic Derivatives of Silicon. Part V. Reactions of Silicon Tetra-acetate with Glycols: Synthesis of Glycol Derivatives of Silicon (1964)

The reactions of silicon Let re-acetate. with various glycols in different molar ratios<em> </em>have<em> </em>been studied. In must eases diglycollates are formed, even when reactants are taken in 1:1 molar ratio, leaving half the tetra-acetate unchanged. With hexylene glycol different compounds are formed in different molar ratios. Tb.e mechanism of the reaction, the properties, and other characteristics of the various silicon derivatives have been studied .
A cryogenic fiber maker for continuous extrusion (1998)

A cryogenic fiber maker that continuously extrudes fibers is presented. The design of the fiber maker is based on the use of two cooling stages maintained at different temperatures. The fiber maker consists of two copper reservoirs that are connected in series and are kept at different temperatures. The first reservoir is used to liquefy the gas coming in from an external gas line. The second reservoir is colder than the first; here, the liquid that comes from the first reservoir is frozen and later extruded using the pressure of the external line gas supply. A two-stage closed-cycle refrigerator (a Gifford–McMahon cooler), which uses helium as a working fluid, is used as a cooling system. The frozen gas is extruded through a stainless-steel capillary nozzle with internal diameters between 50 and 250 μm and a length of 2 mm. The temperature of the two reservoirs is set independently, which permits the extrusion rate of the fibers to be controlled and to produce the fibers continuously. Using this system, hydrogen, deuterium, nitrogen, and argon fibers of various diameters were extruded.
Analysis and compensation for the effect of the catheter position on image intensities in intravascular optical coherence tomography (2016)

Intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) is an imaging technique that is used to analyze the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease. Because a catheter is used during imaging, the intensities can be affected by the catheter position. This work aims to analyze the effect of the catheter position on IVOCT image intensities and to propose a compensation method to minimize this effect in order to improve the visualization and the automatic analysis of IVOCT images. The effect of catheter position is modeled with respect to the distance between the catheter and the arterial wall (distance-dependent factor) and the incident angle onto the arterial wall (angle-dependent factor). A light transmission model incorporating both factors is introduced. On the basis of this model, the interaction effect of both factors is estimated with a hierarchical multivariant linear regression model. Statistical analysis shows that IVOCT intensities are significantly affected by both factors with p<0.001, as either aspect increases the intensity decreases. This effect differs for different pullbacks. The regression results were used to compensate for this effect. Experiments show that the proposed compensation method can improve the performance of the automatic bioresorbable vascular scaffold strut detection.
Virulence Effect of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Protease Genes and the Quorum-Sensing Locus <i>fsr</i> in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and Mice (2002)

The expression of two Enterococcus faecalis extracellular virulence-related proteins, gelatinase (GelE) and serine protease (SprE), has been shown to be positively regulated by the fsr quorum-sensing system. We recently developed a novel system for studying E. faecalis pathogenicity that involves killing of the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans and showed that an E. faecalis fsrB mutant (strain TX5266) exhibited attenuated killing. We explore here the role of the fsr/gelE-sprE locus in pathogenicity by comparing results obtained in the nematode system with a mouse peritonitis model of E. faecalis infection. Insertion mutants of fsrA (TX5240) and fsrC (TX5242), like fsrB (TX5266), were attenuated in their ability to kill C. elegans. A deletion mutant of gelE (TX5264) and an insertion mutant of sprE (TX5243) were also attenuated in C. elegans killing, although to a lesser extent than the fsr mutants. Complementation of fsrB (TX5266) with a 6-kb fragment containing the entire fsr locus restored virulence in both the nematode and the mouse peritonitis models. The fsr mutants were not impaired in their ability to colonize the nematode intestine. These data show that extracellular proteases and the quorum-sensing fsr system are important for E. faecalis virulence in two highly divergent hosts: nematodes and mice.
Identification of a <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Auxotrophic Mutant That Protects Guinea Pigs against <i>M. bovis</i> and Hematogenous Spread of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> without Sensitization to Tuberculin (2000)

Tuberculosis remains one of the most significant diseases of humans and animals. The only currently available vaccine against this disease is a live, attenuated vaccine, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), which was originally derived from Mycobacterium bovis and despite its variable efficacy is the most widely administered vaccine in the world. With the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus-AIDS pandemic concern has been raised over the safety of BCG. Moreover, since BCG sensitizes vaccinated individuals to the tuberculin test, vaccination with BCG prevents diagnosis of infection in vaccinated individuals. Recently, auxotrophic strains of BCG have been generated by insertional mutagenesis which have been shown to be safer than the parent BCG strain following administration to mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. These strains have also been shown to give comparable protection against intravenous and intratracheal challenge of BALB/c mice with M. tuberculosis relative to conventional BCG. Here we report that one of these mutants, a leucine auxotroph of BCG, conferred significant protection of the lungs and spleens of guinea pigs infected with M. bovis and protection of the spleens of guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis in the absence of a cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin. Therefore, protective immunity to tuberculosis may, at least in part, be achieved without sensitization to the tuberculin skin test. These results indicate that it may be possible to develop a new generation of vaccines based on BCG that are protective, are safe for use in the immunocompromised, and do not preclude the use of the tuberculin skin test in both humans and animals.
Interfacial reaction in the growth of epitaxial SrTiO3 thin films on (001) Si substrates (2005)

The SrTiO3∕Si interface was investigated by transmission electron microscopy for SrTiO3 films grown on (001) Si by molecular-beam epitaxy with different native oxide (SiO2) removal treatments, and Sr∕Ti flux ratios. The interface and film microstructure were independent of the process used to remove the native oxide, but the interface reactivity was dependent on the Sr∕Ti flux ratio. A low Sr∕Ti flux ratio (∼0.8) resulted not only in a layer of amorphous material at the film∕substrate interface but also in the formation of crystalline C49 TiSi2 precipitates at that interface. These results are consistent with thermodynamic expectations in which it is paramount to maintain separation between TiO2 and the underlying silicon.
Physics considerations in the design of three-dimensional and multilevel magnetic recording (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to explore three-dimensional magnetic recording as a next generation recording technology. To defer the superparamagnetic limit in magnetic recording substantially beyond the 1Tbit∕in.2 mark, it is proposed to stack magnetic bits in a third (vertical) dimension. The vertical stacking underlies the concept of three-dimensional (3D) magnetic memory and recording—the primary subject of this paper. A clear distinction between absolute 3D memory and its trivial multilevel implementation is drawn. The paper focuses on the study of the media design and write and read processes. To minimize the intersymbol interference and improve stability, it is proposed to pattern the recording media in all three dimensions. Basic Co∕Pd-based 3D recording media necessary for this study are fabricated using cosputter deposition. Focused-ion-beam-based fabrication is used to pattern the recording media into nanoscale bit cells. The physics of 3D magnetic recording is also investigated theoretically with Landau-Lifshits-Gilbert-based micromagnetic modeling. The ultimate goal of this paper is to help understand the physics of 3D and multilevel magnetic recordings and trigger wide interest in the studied concept.
<title>Flexible low-mass devices and mechanisms actuated by electroactive polymers</title> (1999)

Miniature, lightweight, miser actuators that operate similar to biological muscles can be used to develop robotic devices with unmatched capabilities to impact many technology areas. Electroactive polymers (EAP) offer the potential to producing such actuators and their main attractive feature is their ability to induce relatively large bending or longitudinal strain. Generally, these materials produce a relatively low force and the applications that can be considered at the current state of the art are relatively limited. This reported study is concentrating on the development of effective EAPs and the resultant enabling mechanisms employing their unique characteristics. Several EAP driven mechanisms, which emulate human hand, were developed including a gripper, manipulator arm and surface wiper. The manipulator arm was made of a composite rod with an EAP actuator consisting of a scrolled rope that is activated longitudinally by an electrostatic field. A gripper was made to serve as an end effector and it consisted of multiple bending EAP fingers for grabbing and holding such objects as rocks. An EAP surface wiper was developed to operate like a human finger and to demonstrate the potential to remove dust from optical and IR windows as well as solar cells. These EAP driven devices are taking advantage of the large actuation displacement of these materials but there is need for a significantly greater actuation force capability.
Air-Breathing Laminar Flow-Based Direct Methanol Fuel Cell with Alkaline Electrolyte (2006)

We report the performance of an air-breathing laminar flow-based fuel cell (LFFC) operated in alkaline and acidic media. These direct methanol fuel cells exhibit open-circuit potentials of 0.93 and in acidic and alkaline media, respectively, demonstrating the absence of methanol crossover in both media. The LFFCs perform better in alkaline media under identical reaction conditions due to improved reaction kinetics at high pH. Further electrochemical investigation of these differences in reaction kinetics at the anode and cathode is also reported.
Determination of isocyanates in air by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of isocyanates in air by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detectionLaurie H. Kormos, Robert L. Sandridge, and Jurgen. KellerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 7, 1122–1125Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00230a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00230a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sensitivity and Specificity of Carbohydrate‐Deficient Transferrin as a Marker of Alcohol Abuse Are Significantly Influenced by Alterations in Serum Transferrin: Comparison of Two Methods (1996)

Despite a number of investigations suggesting the value of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as a marker of alcohol abuse, a variety of issues on the applicability of CDT measurements in clinical settings have remained unexplored. Earlier studies in this field have focused on the relationship of CDT and the amount of alcohol consumption or presence of liver disease, whereas the influence of alterations in serum transferrin concentrations on CDT has received less attention. In this study, we compared two different methods for measuring CDT (CDTect and %CDT) and total transferrin concentrations in a sample of 83 alcohol abusers (20 patients with alcoholic liver disease and 63 heavy drinkers who were devoid of liver disease, despite excessive alcohol consumption) and 89 controls, who were social drinkers or abstainers. The control population included 53 hospitalized patients with expected abnormalities in serum transferrin concentrations caused by conditions such as negative iron balance, pregnancy, or nonalcoholic liver disease. Both methods gave significantly higher values in alcohol abusers than in controls (p < 0.01), but the overall sensitivity for detecting alcohol abuse was clearly higher for CDTect (59%) than for %CDT (34%). The correlation between the results obtained by the two methods (r = 0.629) significantly improved, when the CDTect values were replaced by the ratio of CDTect/total transferrin (r = 0.770) (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the CDTect and serum transferrin (r = 0.201, p < 0.01), which was significant both in the alcoholics (r = 0.240, p < 0.05), and especially in the controls (r = 0.727, p < 0.001). A significant inverse correlation emerged between %CDT and total transferrin (r = -0.302, p < 0.01). The sensitivities of CDTect and %CDT for correctly classifying alcohol abusers in the subgroup of alcoholic liver disease patients were 90% and 70% and in the subgroup of heavy drinkers without liver disease (49% and 22%), respectively. Specificities for CDTect and %CDT in this sample were 81% and 100%, respectively. However, in the subgroup of hospitalized control patients with abnormal serum transferrin, the specificity of CDTect was only 48%. According to present data, CDTect seems to be more sensitive than %CDT for detecting alcohol abuse. However, any alteration in serum total transferrin concentration markedly decreases the assay specificity. This should be considered when interpreting the assay results in patients with elevated serum transferrin, such as iron deficiency, pregnancy, or liver diseases.
Photoluminescence of Tetragonal ZrO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microwave Irradiation (2002)

Polymer-stabilized tetragonal ZrO2 nanopowders with average size of ca. 2.0 nm have been prepared by microwave heating in an aqueous solution containing Zr(NO3)4·5H2O, PVA, and NaOH. The photoluminescence of the synthesized ZrO2 fine particles has been investigated.