gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ExperimentalDetermination of Spectral Transmittance of Porous Cerium Dioxide in the Range 900–1700nm (2011)

Abstract Overall transmittance of porous cerium dioxide is measured in the spectral range of 900–1700 nm using dispersive spectroscopy. Dense and porous samples of cerium dioxide with average porosities of 0.08 and 0.72, respectively, are investigated. The transmittance of both sample types increases with decreasing thickness, and this trend is more pronounced for the dense samples. The on-average spectrally increasing transmittance of the dense samples is attributed to the decreasing absorption by bulk cerium dioxide with radiation wavelength. The transmittance of the porous samples, on the other hand, remains approximately constant over the spectrum. Porous samples attenuate radiation stronger than the dense samples at any wavelength in the considered range, and it is hypothesized that this effect is due to more intense scattering. Sharp local variations of the transmittance are observed for both sample types.
Regioselective 15-Bromination and Functionalization of a Stable Synthetic Bacteriochlorin (2007)

5-Methoxy-8,8,18,18-tetramethyl-2,12-di-p-tolylbacteriochlorin (MeO-BC) undergoes regioselective electrophilic bromination with NBS to give the 15-bromo analogue (MeO-BC-Br15) in 85% yield. By contrast, the bacteriochlorin lacking the 5-methoxy group (8,8,18,18-tetramethyl-2,12-di-p-tolylbacteriochlorin, H-BC) gives a mixture of two monobromo- and two dibromobacteriochlorins. Deuterium exchange of both bacteriochlorins (H-BC and MeO-BC) in acidic media (TFA-d) occurs preferentially at the beta-pyrrole positions (3, 13) > unhindered meso-positions (5, 15 for H-BC; 15 for MeO-BC) > hindered meso-positions (10, 20). The 15-bromo-5-methoxybacteriochlorin MeO-BC-Br15 was subjected to three types of Pd-mediated coupling reactions (Suzuki, Sonogashira, Hartwig-Buchwald) to give six bacteriochlorins bearing functional groups at the 15-position (49% to 85% yield). The groups include 4-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethoxy)phenyl, 4-pyridyl, 3,5-diformylphenyl, phenylethynyl, TIPS-ethynyl, and N-benzamido. The presence of the 15-ethynyl moiety shifts the position of the long-wavelength Qy band from 732 nm to approximately 753 nm. The ability to introduce a range of groups at a specific site enables synthetic bacteriochlorins to be tailored for a variety of applications.
In Vitro and in Vivo Immunopharmacological Profile of Sch 40120 (1993)

Sch 40120 (10-(3-chlorophenyl) - 6,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo [b] [1,8] naphthyridin-5 (7H)-one) is a leukotriene inhibitor that is also a potent inhibitor of acute inflammatory responses in rodent systems. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of this drug on immune function as well as its activity in models of immune mediated chronic inflammatory disease. Sch 40120 was particularly effective in suppressing T cell proliferative responses in vitro. Antigen-specific and poly-clonally-induced in vitro antibody responses were also inhibited by the drug. However, the in vivo potency of Sch 40120 in suppressing immune responses and in inhibiting the pathological changes seen in rodent models of autoimmune disease (EAE and adjuvant arthritis) was somewhat less than that previously observed in models of acute inflammation. Nevertheless, the spectrum of activities exhibited by Sch 40120 suggests that it will be particularly useful in the treatment of psoriasis where T lymphocytes have been implicated in the development of disease and leukotrienes appear to have a role in the persistence of psoriatic plaques.
Effect of substrate residues on the P2′ preference of retroviral proteinases (1999)

The substrate sequence requirements for preference toward P2' Glu residue by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteinase were studied in both the matrix protein/ capsid protein (MA/CA) and CA/p2 cleavage site sequence contexts. These sequences represent typical type 1 (-aromatic*Pro-) and type 2 (-hydrophobic* hydrophobic-) cleavage site sequences, respectively. While in the type 1 sequence context, the preference for P2' Glu over Ile or Gln was found to be strongly dependent on the ionic strength and the residues being outside the P2-P2' region of the substrate, it remained preferable in the type 2 substrates when typical type 1 substrate sequence residues were substituted into the outside regions. The pH profile of the specificity constants suggested a lower pH optimum for substrates having P2' Glu in contrast to those having uncharged residues, in both sequence contexts. The very low frequency of P2' Glu in naturally occurring retroviral cleavage sites of various retroviruses including equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and murine leukemia virus (MuLV) suggests that such a residue may not have a general regulatory role in the retroviral life cycle. In fact, unlike HIV-1 and HIV-2, EIAV and MuLV proteinases do not favor P2' Glu in either the MA/CA or CA/p2 sequence contexts.
Benzyl Chloromethyl Ether (2003)

Abstract Benzyl chloromethyl ether product: benzyl chloromethyl ether product: benzyl bromomethyl ether
Four New Cuparene‐Type Sesquiterpenes from <i>Flammulina velutipes</i> (2012)

Abstract Flamvelutpenoids A–D ( 1 – 4 ), four new cuparene‐type sesquiterpenes, were isolated from the solid culture of Flammulina velutipes. Their structures were elucidated by NMR experiments. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were assigned via the circular dichroism data of the [Rh 2 (OCOCF 3 ) 4 ] complex, whereas that of C(3) of 3 was determined by applying the octant rule for the α , β ‐unsaturated ketone moiety. Compounds 1 – 4 showed weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis , and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values larger than 100 μ M .
Towards a Multi-Channel Atomic Magnetometer Array for MEG. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Phosphorylated α-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease (2012)

Phosphorylated α-synuclein (PS-129), a protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), was identified by mass spectrometry in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A highly sensitive and specific assay was established and used to measure PS-129 together with total α-synuclein in the CSF of patients with PD, other parkinsonian disorders such as multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and healthy individuals (a total of ~600 samples). PS-129 CSF concentrations correlated weakly with PD severity and, when combined with total α-synuclein concentrations in CSF, contributed to distinguishing PD from MSA and PSP. Further rigorous validation in independent cohorts of patients, especially those where samples have been collected longitudinally, will determine whether the concentration of PS-129 in CSF will be useful for diagnosing PD and for monitoring PD severity and progression.
Geostatistical Approaches in Reservoir Evaluation (1997)

Summary Reliable characterization of the reservoir is crucial for reservoir evaluation. According to the Preface in Ref. 1, "Reservoir characterization is a process for quantitatively assigning reservoir properties, recognizing geological information and uncertainties in spatial variability." Geostatistics provides the tools to integrate the available information within a unified and consistent framework and to generate multiple realizations that can account for the uncertainty and spatial variability of the key reservoir parameters. The objective of this paper is to give our views on the use of geostatistics in reservoir evaluation, to illustrate some basic concepts and possibilities, and to increase (we hope) the reader's interest in further investigation and application of geostatistical techniques. Introduction Geostatistics emerged with the work of Krige in the South African mining industry in the early 1950's. The technique was introduced to the petroleum industry in the 1970's. Later methodological developments have been, to a large extent, centered around a few research groups. These include the French school, with Inst. Français du Petrole and the Ecole de Mines; the U.S. school, led by Stanford U., the U. of Texas, and the U. of Tulsa; and the Norwegian school, where the Norwegian Computing Center has played a key role. The petroleum industry has been active both in research and in demonstrating the potential of geostatistics in real case studies. In recent years, several vendors have provided suitable software, which makes the task much simpler and more efficient. Reservoir Evaluation The challenge of reservoir evaluation is to determine a strategy for managing the reservoir and assess the associated uncertainties. Mathematical models are used extensively for this.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF UV ABSORBERS IN CAR PAINTS (1999)

Car paints not only must be stable to sunlight effects but also must protect paint sub-layers. For this purpose, the transparent melaminic/acrylic paints of recent formulation contain added stabilisers (UV-As) which are able to absorb UV radiation. The present work presents a chromatographic method that can be easily applied in industrial laboratories for the separation and determination of three hydroxybenzotiazoles, commercially known as Tinuvin 900, Tinuvin 328, and Tinuvin 1130, widely used as UV absorbers. The method, that involves the extraction process from the polymeric matrix and the RP-HPLC determination, is validated with respect to a lab prepared model paint and applied to commercial samples of known and unknown composition.
<i>In Vivo</i>Effects of Tea Polyphenol Intake on Human Intestinal Microflora and Metabolism (1992)

Effects of tea polyphenol intake (0.4 g/volunteer, 3 times per day, for four weeks) on fecal microflora, bacterial metabolites, and pH were investigated using eight healthy human volunteers. Counts for Clostridium perfringens and other Clostridium spp. were significantly decreased during the tea polyphenol intake periods. Percentage of volunteers having C. perfringens in their feces decreased significantly, but not for other Clostridium spp. Percentage of Bifidobacterium spp. (the acid forming bacteria) in total counts and the content of volatile fatty acids including acetic and propionic acids increased significantly, which might have reduced the fecal pH. However, the tea polyphenols had no effect on fecal enzyme activities, ammonia, or putrefactive products. Two weeks after discontinuing the intake, the microflora counts and their biological parameters appeared to have returned to normal.
Organic Dye‐Sensitized Ionic Liquid Based Solar Cells: Remarkable Enhancement in Performance through Molecular Design of Indoline Sensitizers (2008)

A power conversion efficiency of more than 7.2 % under AM 1.5 sunlight (100 mW cm−2) is reported for the first time for an organic-dye-sensitized solar cell used in conjunction with a newly developed binary ionic-liquid (solvent-free) electrolyte (see current–voltage plot and photocurrent action spectrum for the sensitizer D205, the highest occupied molecular orbital of which is shown).
Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Children's Health: Problems in Epidemiological Studies (2006)

Most endocrine disrupting chemicals are characterized by their properties to induce marked phenotypic changes in offspring such as congenital anomalies and neurodevelopmental dysfunctions. Although an increase in the prevalence of hypospadias or cryptorchidism has been reported in various countries, improvement in diagnostic techniques and more attention to the features of the diseases have also been emphasized. Although there have been a few reports that hypospadias or cryptorchidism had been associated with diethylstilbestrol (DES), pesticides and so on, the associations between these diseases and endocrine disrupting chemicals remain unclear. Recently, the association between maternal metabolic polymorphism or paternal smoking during pregnancy and these diseases has been reported. There are also variable clinical features in children's neurobehavioral development, and thyroid and immune functions in relation to exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins. Only a few Dutch studies have suggested that perinatal exposure to background level of PCB/dioxin confers immunity to allergy development. Genetic susceptibility to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals may be related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is suggested that well-designed epidemiological studies such as prospective cohort studies should be performed to elucidate this association.
Synthesis of S-doped graphene by liquid precursor (2012)

Doping is a common and effective approach to tailor semiconductor properties. Here, we demonstrate the growth of large-area sulfur (S)-doped graphene sheets on copper substrate via the chemical vapor deposition technique by using liquid organics (hexane in the presence of S) as the precursor. We found that S could be doped into graphene's lattice and mainly formed linear nanodomains, which was proved by elemental analysis, high resolution transmission microscopy and Raman spectra. Measurements on S-doped graphene field-effect transistors (G-FETs) revealed that S-doped graphene exhibited lower conductivity and distinctive p-type semiconductor properties compared with those of pristine graphene. Our approach has produced a new member in the family of graphene based materials and is promising for producing graphene based devices for multiple applications.
Helix Waveguide (1956)

Helix waveguide, composed of closely wound turns of insulated copper wire covered with a lossy jacket, shows great promise for use as a communication medium. The properties of this type of waveguide have been investigated using the sheath helix model. Modes whose wall currents follow the highly conducting helix have attenuation constants which are essentially the same as for copper pipe. The other modes have very large attenuation constants which depend upon the helix pitch angle and the electrical properties of the jacket. Approximate formulas are given for the propagation constants of the lossy modes. The circular electric mode important for longdistance communication has low loss for zero-pitch helices. The propagation constants of some of the lossy modes in helix waveguide of zero pitch have been calculated numerically, as functions of the jacket parameters and the guide size, in regions where the approximate formulas are no longer valid. Under certain conditions the attenuation constant of a particular mode may pass through a maximum as the jacket conductivity is varied.
Hybridization Selection and In Vitro Translation of <i>Autographa californica</i> Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus mRNA (1981)

We isolated polyadenylated RNA from the cytoplasm of cells infected with Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus late after infection (21 h postinfection). At that time intracellular protein synthesis was directed almost exclusively toward infected cell-specific proteins. The polyadenylic acid-containing RNA sequences in the cytoplasm at 21 h postinfection were radiolabeled in vitro and hybridized to A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA restriction fragments. The polyadenylic acid-containing RNA was derived from regions representing the entire viral genome. Translation in a reticulocyte cell-free protein-synthesizing system of cytoplasmic RNA selected by hybridization to viral DNA and polyadenylic acid-containing RNA produced almost identical polypeptide patterns, suggesting that late after infection almost all of the cytoplasmic polyadenylic acid-containing RNA present in infected cells was of viral origin. Polyhedrin protein (molecular weight, 33,000) and a number of virion structural proteins were among the translation products which were identified by immunoprecipitation and by comparing molecular weights. In addition, some tentative nonstructural infected cell-specific proteins were also detected. Using the hybridization selection technique, we determined that sequences complementary to the message coding for polyhedrin were located on EcoRI fragment I of A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA, whereas sequences coding for a putative nonstructural protein (molecular weight, 39,000) were on EcoRI fragment J.
Control of Hyperphosphatemia among Patients with ESRD (2005)

Derangements of mineral metabolism occur during the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperphosphatemia develops in the majority of patients with ESRD and has long been associated with progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy. More recent observational data have associated hyperphosphatemia with increased cardiovascular mortality among dialysis patients. Adequate control of serum phosphorus remains a cornerstone in the clinical management of patients with CKD not only to attenuate the progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism but also possibly to reduce the risk for vascular calcification and cardiovascular mortality. These measures include dietary phosphorus restriction, dialysis, and oral phosphate binders. Dietary restriction is limited in advanced stages of CKD. Phosphate binders are necessary to limit dietary absorption of phosphorus. Aluminum hydroxide is an efficient binder; however, its use has been nearly eliminated because of concerns of toxicity. Calcium salts are inexpensive and have been used effectively worldwide as an alternative to aluminum. Concerns of calcium overload have led to the investigation of alternatives. Currently, only two Food and Drug Administration-approved noncalcium, nonaluminum binders are available. Sevelamer hydrochloride is an exchange resin and was not as effective as calcium acetate in meeting new guideline recommendations in one double-blind clinical trial. Lanthanum carbonate is a rare earth element and has been studied less extensively. Concerns of long-term administration and toxicity exist. Furthermore, these agents are significantly more expensive than calcium salts, which may contribute to patient noncompliance.
THE REACTION BETWEEN OXYGEN AND ETHYLENE. II (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION BETWEEN OXYGEN AND ETHYLENE. IISamuel. LenherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 10, 3752–3765Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1931https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01361a018Request reuse permissionsArticle Views326Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (852 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anomaly detection in GPS data based on visual analytics (2010)

Modern machine learning techniques provide robust approaches for data-driven modeling and critical information extraction, while human experts hold the advantage of possessing high-level intelligence and domain-specific expertise. We combine the power of the two for anomaly detection in GPS data by integrating them through a visualization and human-computer interaction interface. In this paper we introduce GPSvas (GPS Visual Analytics System), a system that detects anomalies in GPS data using the approach of visual analytics: a conditional random field (CRF) model is used as the machine learning component for anomaly detection in streaming GPS traces. A visualization component and an interactive user interface are built to visualize the data stream, display significant analysis results (i.e., anomalies or uncertain predications) and hidden information extracted by the anomaly detection model, which enable human experts to observe the real-time data behavior and gain insights into the data flow. Human experts further provide guidance to the machine learning model through the interaction tools; the learning model is then incrementally improved through an active learning procedure.
On disjoint path pairs with wavelength continuity constraint in WDM networks (2004)

In a WDM optical network, each fiber link can carry a certain set of wavelengths /spl Lambda/= {/spl lambda//sub 1/,/spl lambda//sub 2/,...,/spl lambda//sub W/}. One scheme for tolerating a single link failure (or node failure) in the network is the path protection scheme, which establishes an active path and a link-disjoint (or node-disjoint) backup path, so that in the event of a link failure (node failure) on the active path, data can be quickly re-routed through the backup path. We consider a dynamic scenario, where requests to establish active-backup paths between a specified source-destination node pair arrive sequentially. If a link-disjoint (node-disjoint) active-backup path pair is found at the time of the request, the paths are established; otherwise, the request is blocked. In this scenario, at the time a request arrives, not every fiber link will have all W wavelengths available for new call establishment, as some of the wavelengths may already have been allocated to earlier requests and communication through these paths may still be in progress. We assume that the network nodes do not have any wavelength converters. This paper studies the existence of a pair of link-disjoint (node-disjoint) active-backup paths satisfying the wavelength continuity constraint between a specified source-destination node pair. First we prove that both the link-disjoint and node-disjoint versions of the problem are NP-complete. Then we focus on the link-disjoint version and present an approximation algorithm and an exact algorithm for the problem. Finally, through our experimental evaluations, we demonstrate that our approximation algorithm produces near-optimal solutions in almost all of the instances of the problem in a fraction of the time required by the exact algorithm.
CHAUCER'S MERCHANT AND THE SIN AGAINST NATURE (1970)

CHAUCER'S MERCHANT AND THE SIN AGAINST NATURE Get access P. J. C. FIELD P. J. C. FIELD University College of North WalesBangor. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 17, Issue 3, March 1970, Pages 84–86, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/17-3-84 Published: 01 March 1970