gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference cancellation in receivers with interference frequency estimation (2008)

An interference cancellation technique is described for improving the dynamic range of receivers. Feed-forward cancellation is employed to attenuate interferers by extracting interferers in a parallel auxiliary receiver path, and subtracting these at the output of the LNA, so that the linearity requirement of the down-conversion mixer within the main path of the receiver can be relaxed. The auxiliary path in this implementation needs an estimate of the center frequency of the interferer, which may be modulated in general. A PLL-based technique is employed for this purpose. Measurement results of a prototype implementation are used to validate the approach.
DLFuzz: differential fuzzing testing of deep learning systems (2018)

Deep learning (DL) systems are increasingly applied to safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving cars. It is of significant importance to ensure the reliability and robustness of DL systems. Existing testing methodologies always fail to include rare inputs in the testing dataset and exhibit low neuron coverage. In this paper, we propose DLFuzz, the first differential fuzzing testing framework to guide DL systems exposing incorrect behaviors. DLFuzz keeps minutely mutating the input to maximize the neuron coverage and the prediction difference between the original input and the mutated input, without manual labeling effort or cross-referencing oracles from other DL systems with the same functionality. We present empirical evaluations on two well-known datasets to demonstrate its efficiency. Compared with DeepXplore, the state-of-the-art DL whitebox testing framework, DLFuzz does not require extra efforts to find similar functional DL systems for cross-referencing check, but could generate 338.59% more adversarial inputs with 89.82% smaller perturbations, averagely obtain 2.86% higher neuron coverage, and save 20.11% time consumption.
An investigation of the effects of pulp and paper effluent on the macrobenthic community in southern Lake Champlain, U.S.A. (1978)

(1978). An investigation of the effects of pulp and paper effluent on the macrobenthic community in southern Lake Champlain, U.S.A. SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 510-513.
Drug-carrier Property of Albumin Microspheres in Chemotherapy. V. Antitumor Effect of Microsphere-entrapped Adriamycin on Liver Metastasis of AH 7974 Cells in Rats (1981)

Bovine serum albumin microspheres containing adriamycin were prepared by heat solidification of albumin in albumin-adriamycin aqueous solution in cottonseed oil emulsions. The efficiency of the microspheres as a drug carrier of adriamycin was evaluated in liver metastasis caused by the injection of AH 7974 tumor cells into the portal vein of rats as a model of release of such cells into the vein during the course of surgical removal of gastric cancer. Adriamycin entrapped in the microspheres exhibited sustained in vitro release which followed first-order kinetics. After intraportal injection in rats, the microspheres and entrapped agent distributed mainly in the liver, and the disappearance rate from the tissue was very slow in comparison with that of free drug. The survival times of rats bearing AH 7974 liver metastasis were prolonged by intraportal administration of microspheres containing adriamycin. In contrast, free adriamycin or microspheres without entrapped drug did not significantly increase the life span over the control. These results suggest that albumin microspheres containing adriamycin may be applicable as a drug carrier in the adjuvant chemotherapy of liver metastasis.
FINE STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO HORMONAL STIMULATION OF THE PERFUSED CANINE PANCREAS (1965)

The dog pancreas isolated in situ was perfused with oxygenated dog blood and stimulated with pancreozymin, secretin, or both. There were no significant changes in the fine structure of the acinar, centroacinar, or duct cells attributable to the perfusion. Combined glutaraldehyde and osmium fixation gave good preservation of the secretory products of the acinar cell. Before stimulation, the lumen of the acini is filled with material similar in texture to the content of the zymogen granules, but of somewhat lower density. Release of secretion commonly takes place by coalescence of the limiting membrane of zymogen granules with the plasmalemma, but one granule opening at the surface may frequently be joined by others coalescing with its membrane and forming an interconnected series all with contents having the same texture as the released zymogen. Such a mechanism seems to permit a more rapid release of secretory product than discharge of individual granules. Pancreozymin stimulation caused marked depletion of zymogen granules, but no obvious changes in the Golgi apparatus. It is clear, therefore, that this hormone exerts its effect upon release of granules rather than upon their formation. Secretin stimulation of water and bicarbonate secretion caused a marked washing out of the luminal contents, but had little detectable effect on cellular structure.
Mechanical approach to the evaluation of the low temperature threshold of added transmission losses in single-coated optical fibers (1990)

An easy-to-use calculation procedure for the evaluation of thermally induced forces in single-coated optical fibers is discussed. The calculations show that the increase in the lateral pressure at the cladding-coating interface adequately reflects the experimentally observed increase in the added transmission losses at low temperatures. The measurements were carried out on loose fibers in a test chamber, where mechanical effects other than the thermally induced shrinkage of the coating were excluded. It is suggested that the thermally induced lateral pressure be used as a tentative criterion of the low temperature threshold of the expected added optical losses in single-coated fibers. The increase in this pressure reflects the increase in the axial thermal loading as well. Single-coated optical fibers can be successfully used in transmission media operated at moderately low temperatures (for instance, in undersea systems) which do not cause large thermally induced forces; otherwise, a dual-coated fiber design should be considered. The final selection of the most feasible coating design must be based on all the material, optical, chemical, technological, mechanical, environmental, and cost considerations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neurotrophin secretion from cultured microglia (2001)

Because microglia have been suggested to produce neurotrophins, we tested this ability in vitro. Rat primary microglia were found to constitutively secrete a limited amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) were undetectable in the conditioned medium. Stimulation of the cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased BDNF secretion, and induced NGF secretion. As a first step to examine this regulation system, the association of protein kinase C (PKC) was pharmacologically analyzed. A PKC activator, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, enhanced the secretion of BDNF. Pre-treatment of microglia with a PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide, suppressed LPS-stimulated BDNF secretion as well as the constitutive one. These results suggest that the PKC signaling cascade is closely associated with BDNF secretion. Among PKC isoforms, PKCalpha probably plays a role in BDNF secretion, based on the results of experiments using a specific PKC activator, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, and a specific PKC inhibitor, Gö 6976, and by immunoblotting. Taken together, these findings suggest that the secretion of BDNF from microglia is regulated through PKCalpha-associated signal transduction mechanism.
Enamel matrix protein derivatives: role in periodontal regeneration (2011)

Abstract: The role of regenerative periodontal therapy is the reconstitution of lost periodontal structures, ie, new formation of root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The outcome of basic research has pointed to the important role of enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) in periodontal wound healing. Histologic results from animal and human studies have shown that treatment with EMD promotes periodontal regeneration. Moreover, clinical studies have indicated that treatment with EMD positively influences periodontal wound healing in humans. The goal of this paper is to review the existing literature on EMD. Keywords: enamel matrix protein derivative, Emdogain ® , periodontal regeneration
Inhibition of Protein Kinase CK2 by Condensed Polyphenolic Derivatives. An in Vitro and in Vivo Study (2004)

ATP site-directed inhibitors that can target individual kinases are powerful tools for use in signal transduction research, all the more so in the case of a pleiotropic, constitutively active protein kinase such as CK2, which is not turned on in response to specific stimuli. By screening a library of more than 200 derivatives of natural polyphenolic compounds, we have identified 16 molecules which inhibit CK2 with IC(50) values of <or=1 microM. They belong to the classes of anthraquinones (six compounds), xanthenones (two compounds), fluorenones (one compound), and coumarins (seven compounds), and their inhibitory potency correlates with the presence of nitro, amino, or halogen substituents at specific positions. Three of the most potent inhibitors, MNX (1,8-dihydroxy-4-nitroxanthen-9-one), NBC (8-hydroxy-4-methyl-9-nitrobenzo[g]chromen-2-one), and DBC (3,8-dibromo-7-hydroxy-4-methylchromen-2-one), whose IC(50) values range between 0.13 and 0.36 microM, are quite specific toward CK2 within a panel of 33 protein kinases tested. Treatment of Jurkat cells with these compounds promotes inhibition of endogenous CK2 and induction of apoptosis. A correlation is observed between their efficacy as CK2 inhibitors (as judged from IC(50) values) and their capacity to induce cell death (DC(50) values). Mutations of the unique CK2alpha residues Val66 and/or Ile174 to alanine have a detrimental effect on inhibition by these compounds with 16-67-fold increases in IC(50) values. The combined usage of these reagents can be exploited to gain information about cellular functions mediated by CK2.
Primary hyperparathyroidism and heart disease ? a review (2004)

Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), caused by solitary parathyroid adenomas in 85% of cases and diffuse hyperplasia in most of the remaining cases, overproduces parathyroid hormone (PTH), which mobilizes calcium to the blood stream. Renal stones, osteoporosis and diffuse symptoms of hypercalcaemia, such as constipation, fatigue and weakness are well-known complications. However, in Western Europe and North America, patients with pHPT are nowadays usually discovered during an early, asymptomatic phase of the disease. It has been reported that patients suffering from symptomatic pHPT have increased mortality, mainly due to an overrepresentation of cardiovascular death. pHPT is reported to be associated with hypertension, disturbances in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and structural and functional alterations in the vascular wall. Recently, studies have indicated an association between pHPT and heart disease, and studies in vitro have produced a number of theoretical approaches. An increased prevalence of cardiac structural abnormalities such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and valvular and myocardial calcification has been observed. Associations have been found between PTH and LVH, and between LVH and serum calcium. LV systolic function does not seem to be affected in patients with pHPT, whereas any influence on LV diastolic performance needs further evaluation. The aim of this review is to clarify the connection between pHPT and cardiac disease.
A New Method for Concurrency in B-Trees (1982)

In this paper we study the problem of supporting concurrent operations in B-trees and their variants. A survey of previous work is given and two basic types of solutions to this problem are identified. A new solution with a greater degree of concurrency is proposed. As solutions are surveyed or presented we identify useful techniques which have wider applicability. In particular, we introduce the technique of side-branching in our new solution.
A deep-submicron CMOS flow for general-purpose timing-detection insertion (2015)

This paper introduces a design independent extension to RTL-to-GDS design-flows for seamless insertion of timing-detection flip-flops at critical paths of a digital CMOS standard-cell circuit. It is possible to detect timing-errors for general purposes at any critical path including enable-inputs of clock-gating cells with typically 15% area overhead for 20% endpoint coverage while maintaining DFT capability. To ensure matching of critical-path endpoints and detector cells 3 incremental place &route iterations are needed on average.
Epitope-specific regulation. II. A bistable, Igh-restricted regulatory mechanism central to immunologic memory (1982)

Antibody responses to commonly used antigens are regulated by an epitope- specific system composed of Igh-restricted elements responsible for controlling the isotype and allotype responses mounted to each of the epitopes on the antigen. Because these elements can be independently induced to either suppress or support antibody production, this system as a whole provides an effector mechanism capable of selectively controlling the amount, affinity, isotype representation, and epitope-specificity of an antibody response. Sequential immunizations with a carrier molecule and a hapten conjugated to that carrier (carrier/hapten-carrier immunization) induce suppression for IgG responses to the hapten. IgG(2a), IgG(2b), and IgG(3) responses are easily suppressed, whereas IgG(1) responses tend to be more resistant. Once induced, suppression tends to be maintained; however, repeated stimulation with the hapten (on any carrier) eventually induces antibody production, first for IgG(1) and later for the more suppressible isotypes (IgG(2a), IgG(2b), IgG(3)). Antibody production, once initiated, also tends to be maintained. Ongoing IgG antihapten responses in animals primed with a hapten-carrier conjugate can be suppressed by subsequent carrier/hapten-carrier immunization (using a different carrier molecule); however, the suppression induced under these circumstances is substantially weaker, i.e., it mainly affects the more suppressible isotypes and is only strong enough to detect clearly in about one-half the immunized animals. Thus, the initiation of antibody production impairs the subsequent induction of suppression, and the initial induction of suppression tends to prevent subsequent initiation of antibody production. This reciprocal relationship defines a bistable regulatory mechanism, i.e., one that tends to maintain its initially induced state but is capable of shifting to the alternate state when stimulatory conditions so dictate. The operation of such a mechanism permits conditions surrounding the first immunization with an epitope (hapten) to strongly influence but not absolutely determine which and how many of the anti-epitope memory B cells generated by that immunization will subsequently be expressed. Thus, epitope- specific regulation, although subordinate to mechanisms that control memory B cell development (as opposed to expression), plays a key role in determining the magnitude, affinity, and isotype representation of anamnestic (memory) responses produced in response to previously encountered epitopes.
Formatian of the Alloy Layer in the Fe-Al Diffusion Couple (1966)

Diffusion couples of aluminium and iron were held in vacuum at 605°∼655°C up to 96 hr. The section crossing through the alloy layer formed between two metals was examined with an optical microscope, a micro-hardness tester, and an electron probe X-ray microanalyser. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The greater part of the alloy layer was the compound of Fe2Al5. (2) The diffusion of aluminium into iron matrix and iron into aluminium matrix was so little that it could not be estimated. (3) The activation energy of diffusion in the growth of the alloy layer was estimated to be 54 kcal/mol. (4) Finally some considerations on the mechanism of the formation and growth of the alloy layer have been made.
CDPM: Context-Directed Pattern Matching Prefetching to Improve Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Array Performance (2017)

Coarse-grained reconfigurable arrays (CGRAs) can be dynamically programmed by configuration contexts to concurrently run multiple operations on a processing elements array. This further widens the gap between off-chip memory bandwidth demand and the limited speed of off-chip memory access. Cache prefetching is widely used for mitigating off-chip memory latency. However, straightforwardly applying existing prefetching techniques (primarily focusing on instruction driven processors) to CGRA may induce inaccurate prefetching, thereby crippling CGRA performance. Based on repetitively executed context in CGRA computing, this paper proposes a context-directed pattern matching (CDPM) mechanism to improve prefetching accuracy for CGRAs. CDPM generates a prefetch pattern for an initially executed context, and then reuses the pattern to issue prefetch requests when the context is re-executed. In order to eliminate the outdated prefetch pattern, CDPM also evaluates the prefetching accuracy of the prefetch pattern at run-time by adding prefetch addresses to a Bloom filter. The distinguishing feature of CDPM is the employment of the CGRA configuration context as a guide to improving prefetching accuracy. Experimental results showed that CDPM prefetching averagely improved performance by 31.1% compared to tests without prefetching and by 7.7% compared to state-of-the-art cache prefetching techniques, while only incurring slight area and power overheads.
Problems (1998)

1996 MathCamp Students, Erwin Just, Benjamin G. Klein, Arthur L. Holshouser, Homer White, Robert Bailey, Ken Richardson, Eugene W. Sard, Charles Vanden Eynden, Jan Mycielski, Sam Northshield, Howard Morris, Victor Kutsenok, Paul Yiu, David Zhu, Wu Wei Chao, John Baker, John Lawrence, Bogdan Kotkowski, Thomas Jager, Emeric Deutsch, Daniele Donini, Paul Bracken, Problems, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 71, No. 2 (Apr., 1998), pp. 142-151
Threshold query optimization for uncertain data (2010)

The probabilistic threshold query (PTQ) is one of the most common queries in uncertain databases, where all results satisfying the query with probabilities that meet the threshold requirement are returned. PTQ is used widely in nearest-neighbor queries, range queries, ranking queries, etc. In this paper, we investigate the general PTQ for arbitrary SQL queries that involve selections, projections and joins. The uncertain database model that we use is one that combines both attribute and tuple uncertainty as well as correlations between arbitrary attribute sets. We address the PTQ optimization problem that aims at improving the efficiency of PTQ query execution by enabling alternative query plan enumeration for optimization. We propose general optimization rules as well as rules specifically for selections, projections and joins. We introduce a threshold operator (τ-operator) to the query plan and show it is generally desirable to push down the τ-operator as much as possible.
C‐S lyase activities in leaves of crucifers and non‐crucifers, and the characterization of three classes of C‐S lyase activities from oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) (1999)

C‐S lyases in plants are involved in primary and secondary metabolism, and in glucosinolate‐containing species may be involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Extracts from oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) leaves were assayed for several C‐S lyase activities. Four activities [using L ‐cystine, L ‐cystathionine, S ‐(2‐benzothiazolyl)‐ L ‐Cys (SBC) and S ‐benzyl‐ L ‐Cys] were investigated in detail. All are developmentally regulated (highest in youngest leaves), and differentially inhibited by iodoacetamide, N ‐ethylmaleimide (NEM) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Thermal stabilities and pH optima were also distinct. Competitive inhibition of the SBC lyase activity with a variety of sulphur‐containing compounds indicated that cystine lyase contributes to SBC degradation, and this enzyme may cleave a wide range of compounds, both aliphatic and aromatic, but other ‘SBC lyases’ were also present. Putative aromatic glucosinolate intermediates were cleaved by the rape enzymes. Developmental and biochemical studies indicate that at least three classes of C‐S lyase activity are present in rape leaves: cystathionine β ‐lyase, cystine lyase and a group of relatively non‐specific lyases. C‐S lyase preparations from other glucosinolate‐ and non‐glucosinolate‐containing species were capable of cleaving a number of aliphatic and aromatic conjugates. The highest activities were detected in glucosinolate‐containing species and Allium cepa (onion). C‐S lyase activities in non‐glucosinolate‐containing species (tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, and barley, Hordeum vulgare ) were much lower.
Automatic External Defibrillators for Public Access Defibrillation: Recommendations for Specifying and Reporting Arrhythmia Analysis Algorithm Performance, Incorporating New Waveforms, and Enhancing Safety (1997)

These recommendations are presented to enhance the safety and efficacy of AEDs intended for public access. The task force recommends that manufacturers present developmental and validation data on their own devices, emphasizing high sensitivity for shockable rhythms and high specificity for nonshockable rhythms. Alternative defibrillation waveforms may reduce energy requirements, reducing the size and weight of the device. The highest levels of safety for public access defibrillation are needed. Safe and effective use of AEDs that are widely available and easily handled by nonmedical personnel has the potential to dramatically increase survival from cardiac arrest.
Field-ball milling induced anisotropy in magnetic particles (2004)

Nd2Fe14B and Sm2Co17 particles of submicrometre sizes have been prepared by ball milling in a magnetic field. Structural and magnetic characterization reveal that these submicrometre particles milled in a magnetic field, consisting of nanosize grains, exhibit strong magnetic anisotropy compared with the particles milled without a magnetic field. Based on in situ observations of the field-ball milling in a transparent container, the mechanism of field-induced anisotropy in the nanostructured hard magnetic particles is discussed.
Bactericidal activity of certain fatty acids (1954)

Summary Fatty acids in the C 9 to C 12 range are bactericidal to a number of different organisms, and this activity is markedly enhanced with increasing acidity. Optimum bactericidal activity to Staphylococcus aureus was exhibited by undecylic acid. Since the activity is of the same order as that of the quaternary ammonium germicides in alkaline solution, an explanation for both types of germicidal activity is presented in which the bacteria or some protein essential to the bacteria are considered to be “suffocated” by a “coating” of fatty groups in chemical combination with the protein. The application of these findings to bactericidal activity encountered in rancid fats is discussed briefly in connection with the oxidative degradation of oleic acid derivatives to pelargonic acid. In addition, the possible usefulness of the bactericidal activity as a microbiological assay method for certain fatty acids is pointed out.