gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corporate Restructuring and Its Macro Effects (2017)

This paper describes issues in Korea’s corporate sector, the need for restructuring, and the authorities’ initiatives and challenges. It then identifies lessons from other countries’ experience and conducts an econometric analysis based on cross-country aggregate data, compared with previous studies which mostly use firm-level data. This analysis finds that restructuring episodes, while sometimes challenging in the short term, have typically been associated with more rapid economic growth afterward. Corporate restructuring could have a negative effect on the labor and the financial markets in the short term, but is associated with positive growth through increased investment and capital productivity in the medium term, outpacing the negative effects.
Gas transfer characteristics of a novel membrane bioreactor (1991)

We show the design features of a membrane bioreactor based on pulsatile flow across dimpled membranes. Results show an enhanced mass transfer of air of at least five-fold magnitude as compared with flat membranes. An increased working volume form 20 mL to 120 mL reduced the k(L)A at a given Reynolds number because of axial mixing of fluid from the deoxygenated end chamber. The bioreactor was used to supply air to a hybridoma mammalian cell line, and the calculated oxygen uptake showed that high-density cultures could be maintained in a 20 mL, single-dimpled cultures could be maintained in a 20 mL, single-dimpled membrane system. Indirect aeration of a 2 L continuous stirred tank reactor, by a double-membrane system, showed that air could be supplied to mammalian cells at cell densities of approximately 4 x 10(6) /mL.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of Two-Tier Heterogeneous Networks (2011)

International audience
Progress in light activated power thyristors (1976)

Light activated power thyristors would have considerable advantages in intermediate- and high-voltage circuits, as power and trigger circuits could be electrically separated by use of glass fiber cables. Besides high-voltage capability, such devices must have turn-on delay times, dv/dt capabilities, and di/dt stabilities which are comparable to conventionally fired thyristors. The necessary trigger power, however, has to be kept low enough to enable firing with GaAs light emitters, which are available now or will be in the near future. The dv/dt sensitivity is an essential limitation for the reduction of the minimum necessary trigger power. Optimizing of the thyristor emitter shunts results in an already acceptable compromise, but much better results can be obtained by a gate structure which actively compensates dv/dt fault triggering. Our test devices show good turn-on behavior. A short survey on different GaAs-light sources and the coupling problem is given.
INFLUENCE OF DICHLOROACETYLATION ON THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHLORAMPHENICOL DERIVATIVES AND OF VARIOUS AMINES (1961)

The dichloroacetyl group, one of the functional groups responsible for the antibacterial activity of chloramphenicol, has been inserted into various amines, and the dichloroacetamido-derivatives obtained have been studied against E. histolytica EdM, Candida albicans ATCC 2091, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7921, Aspergillus niger NRRL 3, Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv and ATCC 607. Among the various chlorophenoxamide analogues, only N-(benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)dichloro-N-2-hydroxyethylacetamide shows an activity, in vitro and in vivo, comparable with that of chlorophenoxamide. The dichloroacetyl group is essential for the high amoebicidal activity in vivo of chlorophenoxamide. The dichloroacetamidopropiophenones of known antifungal activity also show marked amoebicidal activity in vitro, but they appear to have a different mechanism of action from chlorophenoxamide since the dichloroacetyl group is not indispensable. The high antitubercular activity of some benzothiazole derivatives is not increased by dichloroacetylation.
An LED-to-LED Visible Light Communication system with software-based synchronization (2012)

An LED can emit and receive light and provides therefore a simple building block for a Visible Light Communication (VLC) system. We describe a microcontroller-based system and report on its effectiveness in a testbed. The key idea is to use a microcontroller to provide synchronization so that the receiver can lock to the transmitted signal in a fast and efficient way. Further we propose a combined light emission and light measurement approach to receive with an LED while emitting light. The proposed system enables new entertaining applications by creating the illusion (for a human observer) that both transmitting and receiving LEDs are always switched on.
Induction of Both CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell–Mediated Responses in Colorectal Cancer Patients by Colon Antigen-1 (2008)

Both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against COA-1 can occur in colorectal cancer patients with metastatic disease, suggesting that this antigen is suitable for immunotherapeutic protocols of these patients.
Swelling behaviour of montmorillonite by poly-6-amide (1988)

Abstract Intercalated compounds of montmorillonite and poly-6-amide were prepared by heating mixtures of ɛ-caprolactam and 5, 10, 15 and 30 wt% of montmorillonite, cation-exchanged with NH3+(CH 2 ) 11 COOH, at 250°C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and examined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and elemental analysis. ɛ -caprolactam was polymerized to poly-6-amide by the heat treatment. The mean number-average molecular weight decreased from 3·6 × 10 4 to 0·8 × 10 4 with increasing montmorillonite content. TEM showed that considerable swelling had taken place subsequent to polymerization and that the clay layers were uniformly distributed in the final clay/poly-6-amide products. Both XRD and TEM showed that the basal spacing of the compound increased from 51 Å to 210 Å with increasing polyamide content. The driving force for the swelling was considered to be a combination of the polymerization energy of ɛ -caprolactam and the attractive interaction between the interlayer cation and ɛ-caprolactam.
Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase MEG2 Is Expressed by Human Neutrophils (2002)

Signaling pathways involving reversible tyrosine phosphorylation are essential for neutrophil antimicrobial responses. Using reverse transcriptase PCR, expression of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase MEG2 by peripheral neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was identified. Polyclonal antibodies against MEG2 were developed that confirmed expression of MEG2 protein by PMN. Through a combination of immunofluorescence and cell fractionation followed by immunoblotting, we determined that MEG2 is predominantly cytosolic with components present in secondary and tertiary granules and secretory vesicles. MEG2 activity, as determined by immunoprecipitation and in vitro phosphatase assays, is inhibited after exposure of cells to the particulate stimulant opsonized zymosan or to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate but largely unaffected by the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyalanine. Studies using bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase MEG2 fusion protein indicate that cysteine 515 is essential for catalytic activity, whereas the noncatalytic (N-terminal) domain of MEG2 negatively regulates the enzymatic activity of the C-terminal phosphatase domain. The activity of MEG2 is enhanced by specific polyphosphoinositides with the order of potency being phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4,5-diphosphate > PI 3,4,5-triphosphate > PI 4-phosphate. MEG2 associates at an early stage with nascent phagosomes. Taken together, our results indicate that MEG2 is a polyphosphoinositide-activated tyrosine phosphatase that may be involved in signaling events regulating phagocytosis, an essential antimicrobial function in the innate immune response.
Evaluation of tensile strength of tissue adhesives and sutures for clear corneal incisions using porcine and bovine eyes, with a novel standardized testing platform (2012)

This study shows the feasibility of our instrument for reliable and standardized testing of tissue adhesive for ophthalmological surgery.
60-GHz Electronically Reconfigurable Large Reflectarray Using Single-Bit Phase Shifters (2011)

A large electronically reconfigurable reflectarray antenna that has 160 × 160 reflecting elements was designed, fabricated, and evaluated so that it could be applied to a millimeter-wave imaging system operating in the 60-GHz band. To make it feasible to construct such a large reflectarray, the reflecting element structure had to be simple and easily controlled; therefore, a reflecting element consisting of a microstrip patch and a single-bit digital phase shifter using a p-i-n diode was employed. A large reflectarray antenna was fabricated using the reflecting elements. The measured radiation patterns and antenna gain were in good agreement with those that were calculated. Furthermore, the near-field beam focusing capabilities, which was required to image near-field objects, were also verified through an experiment. Finally, the response time for beamforming was measured, which was far less than the system requirements.
The effect of hospital-acquired infection with <i>Clostridium difficile</i> on length of stay in hospital (2011)

Hospital-acquired infection with C. difficile significantly prolonged length of stay in hospital independent of baseline risk of death.
A 90nm Embedded 2-Bit Per Cell Nanocrystal Flash EEPROM (2006)

A two bit/cell embedded nanocrystal bitcell with low write current SSI program and tunnel erase in which nanocrystals are located under dedicated control gates has been demonstrated. Write bias conditions which mitigate gate disturb in a top erase capable bitcell have been confirmed
Using Parse Features for Preposition Selection and Error Detection (2010)

We evaluate the effect of adding parse features to a leading model of preposition usage. Results show a significant improvement in the preposition selection task on\nnative speaker text and a modest increment in precision and recall in an ESL error detection task. Analysis of the parser output indicates that it is robust enough in the face\nof noisy non-native writing to extract useful information.
In Vivo Electroporation of Gene Sequences for Therapeutic and Vaccination Applications (2007)

Many recent studies have addressed the impact of gene patents and methods of gene delivery on downstream research and innovation. The field of gene therapy has progressed over the last 10 years due to the rapid advancement in delivery technology. Efficient delivery of genes into target cells depends on the absence of cell injury, oncogenic mutation or inflammation. Gene transfer technology saw a significant boost by the applications of in vivo electroporation. This approach is versatile and safe and can be used to deliver nucleic acid fragments, oligonucleotides, siRNA, and plasmids to a wide variety of tissues, such as skeletal muscle, skin and liver. Many have applied this approach in autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, for the intratumoral delivery of therapeutic vectors, or for systemic delivery of endocrine hormones, hematopoietic factors, antibodies, enzymes, or numerous other protein drugs. This technique has been found to strongly boost DNA vaccination against infectious agents or tumor antigens. in vivo Electroporation has been performed in humans. This review will focus on the intellectual property revolving around recent developments in the area of electroporation, including devices and methodology for various applications.
Isolation of Peptides from an Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Food Proteins and Characterization of Their Taste Properties (1999)

Soybean protein, casein, bonito protein and chicken protein, each as foodstuff protein, were hydrolyzed with four proteinases; namely, pepsin, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and bromelain. Since the chicken protein hydrolysate with bromelain possessed the most favorable umami taste, eleven peptides were isolated from the chicken protein hydrolysate by successive chromatography on ODS, Amberlite IR-120B, Amberlite IRA-410 and AG-50W; their structures were Asp-Ala, Asp-Val, Glu-Glu, Glu-Val, Ala-Asp-Glu, Ala-Glu-Asp, Asp-Glu-Glu, Asp-Glu-Ser, Glu-Glu-Asn, Ser-Pro-Glu, and Glu-Pro-Ala-Asp. Many of them did not show any umami taste by themselves, but Glu-Glu, Glu-Val, Ala-Asp-Glu, Ala-Glu-Asp, Asp-Glu-Glu, and Ser-Pro-Glu were recognized to enhance the umami taste of 0.02% 5'-inosine monophosphate (IMP). A combination of these peptides, especially 0.5% each of Glu-Glu, Glu-Val, Asp-Glu-Glu and Glu-Glu-Asn, with 0.02% IMP produced a delicious "full" umami taste.
REG4 promotes peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer through GPR37 (2016)

Being the major reason of recurrence and death after surgery, peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer dooms the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer patients. Regenerating islet-derived family, member 4 (REG4) is believed to promote peritoneal metastasis, however, its mechanism is still a moot point at present. In the present study, we show that high expression of REG4 correlates with advanced stage and poor survival prognosis for gastric cancer patients. REG4 overexpression significantly enhances peritoneal metastasis by increasing adhesion ability. Moreover, SP1 is proved to be a transcription factor of REG4 and induce REG4 expression upon TGF-alpha stimulation. Also, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is identified to be in the same complex of REG4, which mediates REG4's signal transduction and promotes peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer cell. Interestingly, we also discover a positive feedback loop triggered by REG4, amplifying itself through EGFR transactivation, consisting of GPR37, ADAM17, TGF-alpha, EGFR, SP1 and REG4. In conclusion, REG4 promotes peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer through GPR37 and triggers a positive feedback loop.
A Longitudinal Study of Dental Experience during the First Four Years of Military Experience (2008)

This longitudinal study examined changes in oral health and emergency rates of Army, Air Force, and Navy recruits during the 4 years immediately following entry on active duty. In 1998, 1,331 dental records of recruit participants in the 1994 Tri-Service Comprehensive Oral Health Survey were located, and dental readiness classification and emergency data were analyzed. All services were successful in achieving and maintaining operational readiness among 1994 recruits who spent >93% of their first 4 years of military service in a deployable oral health status (Dental Readiness Classification 1 or 2). However, among recruits with initial Dental Readiness Classification 3, only 57.4% achieved class 1 (oral health) at any point during the 4-year study period. An annual dental emergency rate of 749 per 1000 was found among class 3 personnel, 192 per 1000 among class 2, and 85 per 1000 among class 1.
Research on Intelligent Vehicle Positioning Method Based on Multi-Resolution Point Cloud Histogram (2021)

Precise positioning is the basic condition for intelligent vehicles to complete perception, decision making and control tasks. In response to this challenge, in this article, lidar simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is taken as the research object, and a SLAM system is designed that integrates motion compensation and ground information removal functions. A loop-closure detection method with a multiresolution point cloud histogram mode is proposed, which can effectively reduce the accumulation of positioning errors during the driving of the intelligent vehicles. We conduct experiments on the well-known KITTI dataset and compare the results with those of state-of-the-art systems. The experiments confirm that the lidar SLAM system designed in this article can provide accurate and effective positioning information for intelligent vehicles.
A Comparative Policy Analysis on Living Environment Crisis in Local Government - Focusing on the Policy and Management of Fine Particulate Matter in Korea - (2018)

현대사회의 각종 신종위기는 환경의 변화로 나타난다. 특히 우리나라는 각종 신종위기 중에서도 대기오염으로 인한 조기 사망률과 경제적 피해는 OECD 가입국중에 가장 위험도가 높다. 본 연구는 생활위기 유형 중 미세먼지에 대한 지방정부 환경정책을 서울특별시를 포함한 6개 광역시를 중심으로 비교 분석하여 지방정부의 생활환경위기관리 정책에 대한 질적인 변화와 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예보 및 경보에만 치중한 법제도적 정책에서 예방, 대비와 대응과 관련한 구체적 법제도적 구축이 필요하다. 둘째, 생활환경위기관리 정책의 조직설계는 전문화와 체계화가 필요하다. 셋째, 생활환경위기는 지역 간 협력 네트워크 구성이 필요하다. 생활환경위기 중 미세먼지의 해결방안은 단기간에 찾기는 어려울 것이다. 그렇지만 최일선에 있는 지방정부에서 지역주민의 삶의 질 향상을 위하여 미세먼지에 대한 예방ㆍ대비ㆍ대응 정책을 확립하여 지역주민의 건강과 지역 사회의 산업 피해를 최소화 할 필요는 있다.This study aims to suggest qualitative change in local government’s policy for living environment crisis using the case of environmental policy for fine particulate matter in Korea. It also proposes how to implement such change based on a comparison analysis with the data from six metropolitan governments in Korea including Seoul. The results of this study were as follows. First, the legal and institutional policy should focus more on prevention and preparation than forecasting or warning. Second, professionalization and systematization are required for designing the relevant policy organizations. Third, inter-regional cooperation network would be needed for more effective managements of living environment crisis, despite the difficulty to reach out the fundamental solution for the issues of fine particulate matter during a short period of time.
Modulation of TNF-α-converting enzyme by the spike protein of SARS-CoV and ACE2 induces TNF-α production and facilitates viral entry (2008)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a high-risk infectious pathogen. In the proposed model of respiratory failure, SARS-CoV down-regulates its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but the mechanism involved is unknown. We found that the spike protein of SARS-CoV (SARS-S) induced TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE)-dependent shedding of the ACE2 ectodomain. The modulation of TACE activity by SARS-S depended on the cytoplasmic domain of ACE2, because deletion mutants of ACE2 lacking the carboxyl-terminal region did not induce ACE2 shedding or TNF-alpha production. In contrast, the spike protein of HNL63-CoV (NL63-S), a CoV that uses ACE2 as a receptor and mainly induces the common cold, caused neither of these cellular responses. Intriguingly, viral infection, judged by real-time RT-PCR analysis of SARS-CoV mRNA expression, was significantly attenuated by deletion of the cytoplasmic tail of ACE2 or knock-down of TACE expression by siRNA. These data suggest that cellular signals triggered by the interaction of SARS-CoV with ACE2 are positively involved in viral entry but lead to tissue damage. These findings may lead to the development of anti-SARS-CoV agents.
Gold−Gold Interactions as Crystal Engineering Design Elements in Heterobimetallic Coordination Polymers (2001)

A series of coordination polymers containing Cu(II) and [Au(CN)(2)](-) units has been prepared. Most of their structures incorporate attractive gold-gold interactions, thus illustrating that such "aurophilic" interactions can be powerful tools for increasing structural dimensionality in supramolecular systems. [Cu(tren)Au(CN)(2)][Au(CN)(2)] (1, tren = tris(2-ethylamino)amine) forms a cation/anion pair, which is weakly linked by hydrogen bonds but not by aurophilic interactions. [Cu(en)(2)Au(CN)(2)][Au(CN)(2)] (2-Au, en = ethylenediamine) is a 2-D system composed of a chain of [Au(CN)(2)](-) anions and another chain of [(en)(2)Cu-NCAuCN](+) cations; short Au-Au bonds of 3.1405(2) A connect the anions. This bond is shorter than that observed in the analogous silver(I) structure, 2-Ag. The average M-C bond lengths of 1.984(8) A in 2-Au are significantly shorter than those found in 2-Ag, suggesting that Au(I) is smaller than Ag(I). Cu(dien)[Au(CN)(2)](2) (3, dien = diethylenetriamine) forms a 1-D chain of tetranuclear [Au(CN)(2)](-) units that are bound to [Cu(dien)] centers. Aurophilic interactions of ca. 3.35 A hold the tetramer together. Cu(tmeda)[Au(CN)(2)](2) (4, tmeda = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) forms a 3-D network by virtue of aurophilic interactions of 3.3450(10) and 3.5378(8) A. Altering the Cu:Au stoichiometry yields Cu(tmeda)[Au(CN)(2)](1.5)(ClO(4))(0.5) (5), which has an unusual 2-D rhombohedral layer structure (space group R32). Complex 5 is composed of three mutually interpenetrating Cu[Au(CN)(2)](1.5) networks which are interconnected by aurophilic interactions of 3.4018(7) and 3.5949(8) A. Weak antiferromagnetic coupling is observed in 2 and 5.
A DSP with caches-a study of the GSM-EFR codec on the TI C6211 (2003)

Texas Instruments has positioned the C6211 as the low cost member of its C62xx family of DSPs. The C6211 differs from the other devices in this family in that it has a new on-chip memory architecture that uses a two-level cache hierarchy, something not typically seen on a DSP. This paper presents results of a performance study of the TI C6211 running the GSM-EFR speech codec, an important benchmark application in digital cellular telephony. A detailed analysis of the cache performance shows that the caches, although small, are effective in maintaining good performance, even in a multi-programmed workload, where cache pollution affects the memory system performance.
Virtualizing the Datacenter Without Compromising Server Performance (2009)

Virtualization has become a hot topic. Cloud computing is the latest and most prominent application of this time-honored idea, which is almost as old as the computing field itself. The term "cloud" seems to have originated with someone's drawing of the Internet as a puffy cloud hiding many servers and connections. A user can receive a service from the cloud without ever knowing which machine (or machines) rendered the service, where it was located, or how many redundant copies of its data there are. One of the big concerns about the cloud is that it may assign many computational processes to one machine, thereby making that machine a bottleneck and giving poor response time. Faouzi Kamoun addresses this concern head on, and assures us that in most cases the virtualization used in the cloud and elsewhere improves performance. He also addresses a misconception made prominent in a Dilbert cartoon, when the boss said he wanted to virtualize the servers to save electricity.
Identification of environmental factors affecting the prevalence of insect bite hypersensitivity in Shetland ponies and Friesian horses in the Netherlands (2007)

The results provide a more accurate description of environmental factors and their impact on development of IBH; and should help better to understand habitat and climate effects, and to distinguish these from other effects, such as animal factors (genetics, age or sex).
Epstein–Barr virus EBNA2 blocks Nur77- mediated apoptosis (2002)

Epstein-Barr virus infection in vitro immortalizes primary B cells. EBNA2 is an Epstein-Barr virus-encoded transcriptional transactivator that mimics the effects of activated Notch signaling and is essential for this proliferative response. An assay using Sindbis virus (SV) as a cell death inducer revealed that, like Notch, EBNA2 also has antiapoptotic activity. We show that Nur77 is a mediator of SV-induced cell death and that EBNA2 antiapoptotic activity results from interaction with Nur77. EBNA2 colocalized with Nur77 in transfected cells and coprecipitated with Nur77 in IB4 B cells. EBNA2 binds to Nur77 through sequences in the EBNA2 amino acid 123-147 conserved domain and an EBNA2 mutant unable to bind Nur77 also lost the ability to protect cells from SV-induced apoptosis. EBNA2 exerted its antideath function by retaining Nur77 in the nucleus and preventing Nur77 from targeting mitochondria in response to apoptotic stimuli. Thus, targeting of Nur77 can be added to the list of strategies used by viruses to counter apoptosis.