gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of polypyrrole coating on fly ash cenospheres: role of the organosilane treatment (2011)

The preparation of hybrid polypyrrole–fly ash cenospheres (PPY–FACs) is well documented. In order to create a suitable surface environment in favour of the formation of PPY, organofunctional modification of FACs' surface by different silane coupling agents is introduced prior to the PPY coating. The organosilanes used to treat the substrates are aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS). These hybrid PPY–FACs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurement. These characterization results indicate that organosilane pretreatment contributes to the formation of PPY at the surface of FACs. Compared with MPTS, APS yields stronger bonding force between PPY and substrate surface, and thus is better for the loading of PPY due to the superior hydrophobic property. In addition, the introduction of FACs avoids the removal process of the template core to form a hollow structure because of the special structure of the substrates, which makes the process convenient and environmentally benign.
Familial multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas associated with papillary renal cell cancer (2005)

Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas is an autosomal dominant condition that results in benign smooth muscle tumours of the skin and, in females, uterine fibroids. This syndrome overlaps with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome in which affected individuals may develop the rare type II papillary renal cell cancer, in addition to skin leiomyomas. Recently, heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding fumarate hydratase have been found to underlie both conditions. Fumarate hydratase is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of fumarate to malate in the Kreb's cycle and may also function as a tumour suppressor gene. We report a family with multiple leiomyomas, uterine fibroids and papillary renal cell cancer. The proband is a 77-year-old Polish woman who developed multiple cutaneous leiomyomas on her right upper arm in her thirties and subsequently underwent a hysterectomy for uterine fibroids in her forties. She has four offspring: her eldest daughter also has skin and uterine leiomyomas with a similar onset; her son has multiple skin leiomyomas and in addition was diagnosed with metastatic papillary renal cell cancer at the age of 50 years; the two youngest daughters are unaffected. DNA sequencing in all the affected individuals disclosed a heterozygous G-->C substitution at nucleotide 173 of the fumarate hydratase gene, that converts an arginine residue (CGA) to proline (CCA). This missense mutation has not been reported previously and is designated R58P. Interestingly, the clinically asymptomatic 20-year-old son of the individual with renal cancer was also found to be heterozygous for R58P. It is likely that he will develop skin leiomyomas in the future but the risk of renal cancer is difficult to predict. Nevertheless, detection of this mutation has important implications for screening and genetic counselling in this and other family members.
Selective inhibition of androstenedione‐induced prostate growth in intact beagle dogs by a combined treatment with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate and the aromatase inhibitor 1‐methyl‐androsta‐1,4‐diene‐3,17‐dione (1‐methyl‐ADD) (1989)

Interference with estrogenic and androgenic actions might result in an inhibitory effect of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In the present study the effects of the treatment of intact, adult beagle dogs with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (CPA) and the aromatase inhibitor 1-methyl-ADD either alone or in combination on androstenedione-induced prostate growth and on testes, epididymides, and the pituitary was investigated. 1-Methyl-ADD induced a marked counterregulatory increase in the serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations leading to hyperplasia of the glandular part of the prostate. However, the aromatase inhibitor antagonized the androstenedione-induced (estrogen-related) stimulation of the fibromuscular stroma of the prostate. CPA caused a complete atrophy of the prostate that was also present after treatment with both the aromatase inhibitor and CPA in spite of a striking elevation of the serum testosterone and DHT levels and in spite of the antagonization of the inhibition of testes and epididymal weight induced by androstenedione plus CPA. This indicates a selective inhibition of the prostate of intact beagle dogs treated with CPA and 1-methyl-ADD.
Massive MIMO with per-antenna power constraint (2014)

In this paper, we study the sum-rate maximization problem in a single-cell massive MIMO downlink system with К users. Unlike the conventional sum-power constraint (SPC) that limits the total average power over all the transmit antennas, the more practical per-antenna power constraint (PAPC) is considered. A precoding scheme based on the principle of equal gain transmission (EGT) is proposed to satisfy any given PAPC with low complexity. We show that as the number of transmit antennas goes to infinity, the gap between the sum-rate achieved by our proposed scheme under PAPC and that under a single SPC achieved with optimal maximum ratio transmission (MRT) approaches k log <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> (4/π) in bits/sec/Hz under the condition of independent Rayleigh fading of the user channels. The analytical results are also verified by numerical examples. Therefore, in massive MIMO systems, our proposed EGT-based precoding scheme is near-optimal under PAPC with asymptotically negligible capacity loss compared against the sum-rate upper bound by the MRT-based precoding under the relaxed SPC, which justifies the use of PAPC in practical massive MIMO systems.
Fundamental description of spectrochemical inductively coupled plasmas. Plenary lecture (1996)

For the determination of the optimum conditions for spectrochemical analysis with plasmas a simple and yet accurate description of the plasma state is essential. In this paper, which should be regarded as a review of earlier and more recent work, non-equilibrium modelling of slowly flowing atmospheric ICPs and experimental results are described. The results of modelling are in fair agreement with experimental values from the literature, in particular for lower excitation frequencies. However, for high frequencies the model plasmas tend to remain too close to the wall. It is concluded that even in argon plasmas, dissociative recombination of molecular ions gives an additional recombination route close to the wall, where the neutral ground state density is high and the temperature low. Results of experimental analysis by active and passive spectrometry are given. In addition, the possibilities inherent in time-dependent studies, such as in power interruption experiments, are indicated. The processes of droplet evaporation and analyte excitation and ionization are also summarized. The virtues of the ICP for spectrochemical analysis are briefly discussed.
Two types of RAS mutants that dominantly interfere with activators of RAS. (1994)

In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, ras1 regulates both sexual development (conjugation and sporulation) and cellular morphology. Two types of dominant interfering mutants were isolated in a genetic screen for ras1 mutants that blocked sexual development. The first type of mutation, at Ser-22, analogous to the H-rasAsn-17 mutant (L. A. Feig and G. M. Cooper, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:3235-3243, 1988), blocked only conjugation, whereas a second type of mutation, at Asp-62, interfered with conjugation, sporulation, and cellular morphology. Analogous mutations at position 64 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAS2 or position 57 of human H-ras also resulted in dominant interfering mutants that interfered specifically and more profoundly than mutants of the first type with RAS-associated pathways in both S. pombe or S. cerevisiae. Genetic evidence indicating that both types of interfering mutants function upstream of RAS is provided. Biochemical evidence showing that the mutants are altered in their interaction with the CDC25 class of exchange factors is presented. We show that both H-rasAsn-17 and H-rasTyr-57, compared with wild-type H-ras, are defective in their guanine nucleotide-dependent release from human cdc25 and that this defect is more severe for the H-rasTyr-57 mutant. Such a defect would allow the interfering mutants to remain bound to, thereby sequestering RAS exchange factors. The more severe interference phenotype of this novel interfering mutant suggests that it functions by titrating out other positive regulators of RAS besides those encoded by ste6 and CDC25.
IL-4-induced expression of germline γ1 transcripts in B cells following cognate interactions with T helper cells (1992)

T cell-dependent B cell activation and the induction of isotype switching require antigen and direct contact with helper T (Th) cells. During activation, B cells can switch from the expression of IgM to that of IgG, IgE or IgA, depending on the lymphokines secreted by the Th cell with which they interact. Studies of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated B cells have suggested that lymphokines regulate isotype switching via a transcriptional mechanism that increases the accessibility of downstream CH genes to a switch recombinase(s). To assess the roles of T cell contact and lymphokines in isotype switching, we have examined the accessibility model for the regulation of isotype switching to IgG1 in the context of cognate interactions between Th cells and normal B cells. We demonstrate that Th2 cells that secrete IL-4 can induce expression of germline gamma 1 transcripts in B cells. The steady-state level of germline gamma 1 transcripts induced by Th2 cells is enhanced as compared with the level induced by IL-4 alone or Il-4 and LPS also alters the relative usage of the germline gamma 1 transcription initiation sites. Enhanced expression of germline gamma 1 transcripts requires direct contact between T and B cells suggesting a role for T cell contact-mediated signals in regulating the accessibility of switch regions.
A Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction To Access 6-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-<i>c</i>]pyridines Enables the Discovery Synthesis and Preclinical Profiling of a P2X7 Antagonist Clinical Candidate (2017)

A single pot dipolar cycloaddition reaction/Cope elimination sequence was developed to access novel 1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c]pyridine P2X7 antagonists that contain a synthetically challenging chiral center. The structure-activity relationships of the new compounds are described. Two of these compounds, (S)-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)methanone (compound 29) and (S)-(3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl)(1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)methanone (compound 35), were found to have robust P2X7 receptor occupancy at low doses in rat with ED<sub>50</sub> values of 0.06 and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively. Compound 35 had notable solubility compared to 29 and showed good tolerability in preclinical species. Compound 35 was chosen as a clinical candidate for advancement into phase I clinical trials to assess safety and tolerability in healthy human subjects prior to the initiation of proof of concept studies for the treatment of mood disorders.
Review of controlled fusion research using laser heating (1973)

Development of methods for generating high laser pulse energy has stimulated research leading to new ideas for practical controlled thermonuclear fusion machines. A review is presented of some important efforts in progress, and two different approaches have been selected as examples for discussion. One involves the concept of very short pulse lasers with power output tailored, in time, to obtain a nearly isentropic compression of a deuterium-tritium pellet to very high densities and temperatures. A second approach utilizing long wavelength, long pulse, efficient gas lasers to heat a column of plasma contained in a solenoidal field is also discussed. The working requirements of the laser and various magnetic field geometries of this approach are described.
Quantitative analysis for the fluorescence detection of actinic keratosis using the hyperspectral imaging camera (2009)

In this study, we present results to demarcate the AK lesions from the normal tissue based on the spectrum analysis using the hyperspectral imaging (HSI) camera. We also confirmed photosensitizer is more accumulated preferentially in AK lesions in comparison with the surrounding healthy tissue.
Study of FeCl3 and CoCl2 graphite intercalation compounds reduced by heavy alkali metal vapour (1991)

Dans cet article nous prsentons les rsultats de microscopie lectronique fond clair, de microdiffraction et de microanalyse obtenus sur des composs d'insertion du graphite avec FeCl3 et COCl2 prpars partir de monocristaux de graphite et rduits temprature peu leve par la vapeur de potassium, rubidium ou csium. Ces produits multiphass contiennent des inclusions mtalliques et de chlorures alcalins de 5 50 nm, mais aussi du mtal l'tat bidimensionnel. L'tude de la stabilit de ces phases en fonction de la temprature a t aborde.
Passive lossless snubber with minimum voltage and current stress for boost PFC (2009)

A passive lossless snubber for boost power factor corrector (PFC) is presented. This snubber has several advantages. First, it does not introduce extra voltage and current stress on the main switch. Second, it provides soft-switching conditions for the main switch over wide input and load range. Third, it limits the turn-on current of the main switch resulting from the reverse recovery current of the output diode. The main switch is turned on with zero current and is turned off with zero voltage. The performance of the proposed snubber has been evaluated experimentally on a 750 W PFC with universal input. The boost converter is operated in continuous conduction mode and its input current is shaped by using an average current-mode controller. Experimental results show that soft-switching of the main switch is maintained over 88% with the input of 110 V, 60 Hz, and 91.8% with the input of 220 V, 50 Hz, over one line cycle, and from full load to 20% load.
Expression of Nerve Growth Factor and trkA After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats (1998)

Our study demonstrated a temporal profile of NGF and trkA in the ischemic cortex and NGF expression by reactive astrocytes. Our data suggest that the NGF/receptor system may play a role in the astrocyte/neuron interaction under certain pathological conditions, such as focal cerebral ischemia.
Development of a Platform Strain for Production of Adipic Acid Yields Insights into the Localized Redox Metabolism of S. cerevisiae (2013)

Adipic acid is a commodity chemical that is currently derived from petroleum and has a global production value of 2.2 billion pounds per annum. Although it is not naturally synthesized, several pathways have been proposed for its biosynthesis from glucose. This work describes efforts to construct a platform strain of S. cerevisiae for production of alpha-ketoglutarate, a TCA cycle intermediate and a metabolite common to several proposed pathways, through cofactor engineering. Specifically, we investigated the disruption of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ZWF1) and an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD6) gene, key reactions in the generation of cytosolic NADPH, in backgrounds with an interrupted TCA cycle through disruption of succinyl-CoA ligase (LSC2). The resulting strains showed improvements in growth rate and the production of alpha-ketoglutarate, suggesting the mechanism of recovery to be the use of cytosolic NADP(+) dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase for generation of NADPH and thus a coupling of alpha-ketoglutarate production to NADPH synthesis.
Laser-induced breakdown of gases (1975)

Powerful flashes of ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared laser light can cause breakdown and plasma formation in gases which are normally transparent at these wavelengths. The ionization processes involved are multiphoton absorption and inverse bremsstrahlung or cascade collisional ionization, in competition with deionization by diffusion, recombination and radiative energy losses. The relative importance of these mechanisms and their roles in leading to the initiation of breakdown and the earliest stages of plasma formation is examined. Theoretical treatments are summarized, and experimental results obtained with a variety of gases and metal vapours at pressures from millitorrs to hundreds of atmospheres and with flashes from picosecond duration to quasi-continuous illumination are reviewed.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Levetiracetam 3000 mg/d in Patients with Refractory Partial Seizures: A Multicenter, Double‐Blind, Responder‐Selected Study Evaluating Monotherapy (2000)

Conversion to LEV monotherapy (1500 mg twice daily) is effective and well tolerated in patients with refractory partial seizures who responded to 3000 mg/d LEV as add-on therapy.
Polymers for Biomedical Applications (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTPolymers for Biomedical ApplicationsEric SimanekView Author Information Guest EditorDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Mol. Pharmaceutics 2010, 7, 4, 921Publication Date (Web):August 2, 2010Publication History Received29 June 2010Published online2 August 2010Published inissue 2 August 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/mp100213fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/mp100213feditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1270Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (30 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Polymers Get e-Alerts
A Fundamental Study of Sublimation Through a Porous Surface (1971)

Sublimation, evaporation, mixed, and hypothesized cyclic sublimation modes of porous plate sublimator-evaporator
Reassessment of the Tri-Modal Mortality Distribution in the Presence of a Regional Trauma System (2009)

The development of a regional trauma system had a significant impact on the temporal distribution of trauma deaths. An increase in the proportion of immediate deaths and a decrease in the proportion of deaths that occurred >1 week after injury was observed, suggesting a shift toward a bimodal distribution.
Mode-locked pulse oscillation of a self-resonating enhancement optical cavity (2016)

A power enhancement optical cavity is a compelling means of realizing a pulsed laser with a high peak power and high repetition frequency, which is not feasible using a simple amplifier scheme. However, a precise feedback system is necessary for maintaining the narrow resonance condition of the optical cavity; this has become a major technical issue in developing such cavities. We have developed a new approach that does not require any active feedback system, by placing the cavity in the outer loop of a laser amplifier. We report on the first demonstration of a mode-locked pulse oscillation using the new system.
Using an autonomous underwater vehicle to inform management of biodiversity in shelf waters. (2010)

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) have only recently become available as a tool to investigate the biological and physical composition of the seabed utilizing a suite of image capture and high-resolution geophysical tools. In this study we trialed the application of an AUV, integrating AUV image capture with ship-based high resolution multibeam bathymetry, to map benthic habitats and biodiversity in coastal and shelf waters of SE Tasmania (20 120 m depth). The AUV successfully surveyed a plethora of marine habitats and organisms, including high-relief kelp-dominated rocky reefs to mid-shelf reef and sediments that are otherwise difficult to access. The data collected using the AUV significantly improved our understanding of the distribution of benthic habitats and marine organisms in this region, with direct application to the management and conservation of these environments. For example, preliminary results identified the distributional extent of an introduced invasive marine pest, the screw-shell Maoricolpeus roseus, which was recorded adjacent to rocky reefs but is now known to also extend in high abundance across the SE shelf. The effectiveness of the AUV as a pioneering tool for undertaking spatially repeatable surveys makes it a highly versatile technique for future use in surveying remote environments, particularly with respect to surveying and monitoring biodiversity in newly established Commonwealth Marine Protected Areas. It also has application in the context of climate change, the study of invasive species, impacts of fishing activities and determining the relative uniqueness
Usefulness of Liposomes as an Intranasal Dosage Formulation for Topical Drug Application. (2000)

The potential of liposomes as an intranasal dosage formulation for topical application was investigated in rats. When 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF), a model absorbable drug, dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered intranasally, CF was rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation and no adhesion of CF to the nasal mucosa was observed. The fraction of CF absorbed from the nasal mucosa reached about 48% 1 h after administration. On the other hand, only 3% of the dose was absorbed when CF was encapsulated in liposomes consisting of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (DPPC-liposomes). In addition, the amount of CF adhering to the nasal mucosa after administration as DPPC-liposomes was 20- to 28-fold greater than that in PBS solution. In particular, positively charged liposomes markedly enhanced the adhesion of CF to the nasal mucosa. Differences in the lipid composition of liposomes did not affect the absorption of CF. However, the ability of liposomes to adhere to the nasal mucosa was consistent with the fluidity of the liposomal membrane. Furthermore, the action of liposomes on the anti-histaminic effect of diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DH) was studied in rats by measuring the amount of protein leaking into the nasal cavity under quasi-allergic conditions. The anti-histaminic effect of DH was strong but of short-duration when DH was administered as a PBS solution. However, liposomes prolonged the anti-histaminic effect of DH, suggesting that liposomes may adhere to the nasal mucosa and release DH slowly. In conclusion, liposomes suppress drug absorption into the systemic circulation and concurrently increase drug retention in the nasal cavity.