gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strain relaxation kinetics in Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i>/Si heterostructures (1991)

A semiempirical kinetic model is presented which maps out the thermal budget for processing of strained layer devices through epitaxial growth and postgrowth anneals. Misfit strain relaxation in Si1−xGex/Si heterostructures by the injection and propagation of a/2 〈110〉 60°-type misfit dislocations has been studied for a range of geometries and dimensions. Strained layer superlattices, Si1−xGex alloy layers, 0&lt;x&lt;0.3, and alloy layers with unstrained Si capping layers of thickness 0 to 400 nm were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on (100) Si substrates and subjected to post-growth thermal cycles. Velocity and nucleation rate data from Nomarski interference microscopy of defect-etched surfaces were correlated with electron beam induced current microscopy transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction results to define Arrhenius relationships for misfit dislocation injection rates and propagation velocities. A unified kinetic model for misfit strain relaxation that incorporates both nucleation and propagation is then developed, which is applicable for all heterostructures and thermal cycles in the low dislocation density regime &lt;103 mm−1. Nonuniform strain distribution in graded device heterostructures is considered by defining the effective stress acting on misfit dislocations for an arbitrary geometry. The effective stress was varied from 0 to 750 MPa in Si1−xGex/Si heterostructures by varying both layer dimensions and Ge concentration. Misfit dislocation nucleation rates varied from 10−3 to 103 mm−2 s−1 and misfit extension velocities of 25 nm s−1 to 2 mm s−1 were obtained over the temperature range 450–1000 °C for anneals of duration 5–2000 s. Activation energies, stress exponents, and prefactors in the Arrhenius relations were found to be independent of Ge concentration, effective stress, and heterostructure geometry allowing a comprehensive model to be developed. The onset of strain relaxation during epitaxial growth cycles (the ‘‘apparent critical thickness’’ or metastability limit) characteristic of molecular-beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition was measured and correlated with the simulation of misfit dislocation injection and propagation in typical growth sequences. The kinetic model is also used to define the maximum time-temperature envelope, or thermal budget (t, T), for the misfit dislocation-free processing of Si1−xGex/Si heterostructures subjected to post-growth thermal treatme
Antipsoriatic Anthrones with Modulated Redox Properties. 2. Novel Derivatives of Chrysarobin and Isochrysarobin-Antiproliferative Activity and 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition (1994)

A novel series of 2- and 3-substituted 1,8-dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenones were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activity against 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the growth of human keratinocytes. Structure-activity relationships are discussed with respect to the following redox properties of the compounds: reactivity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, generation of hydroxyl radicals as measured by deoxyribose degradation, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in model membranes. Inhibition of cell proliferation seemed to be related to these properties, whereas 5-LO inhibition was not. Within a class of structural analogs the activity against 5-LO, which was markedly improved as compared to that of the antipsoriatic drug anthralin, correlated well with the overall lipophilicity. Even though a number of compounds in this series enhanced oxidative damage to nonlipid molecules such as deoxyribose, their antioxidant properties predominate in membrane lipids. Among the prooxidant compounds were also the most potent antiproliferative agents (IC50 values in the 10(-7) M range).
A simple fluorescent technique for screening cervical cells prior to nuclear analysis. (1993)

Monolayer spreads of cervical cells were prepared and stained with haematoxylin and rhodamine-alpha-N-agmatine, a fluorescent marker for a cell surface protease. Mature epithelial cells from normal cervices lacked this cell surface enzyme and did not fluoresce. The abnormal cells possessed the cell surface enzyme, bound the probe and were quickly detected by fluorescence microscopy. The degree of abnormality of these fluorescent cells was determined by examination of their nuclear details, with the result that mild, moderate and severe dyskaryotic cells could be defined.
Up-regulation of Cell-surface α4β2 Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors by Lower Temperature and Expression of Chimeric Subunits (1999)

The predominant nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expressed in vertebrate brain is a pentamer containing alpha4 and beta2 subunits. In this study we have examined how temperature and the expression of subunit chimeras can influence the efficiency of cell-surface expression of the rat alpha4beta2 nAChR. Functional recombinant alpha4beta2 nAChRs, showing high affinity binding of nicotinic radioligands (K(d) = 41 +/- 22 pM for [(3)H]epibatidine), are expressed in both stably and transiently transfected mammalian cell lines. Despite this, only very low levels of alpha4beta2 nAChRs can be detected on the cell surface of transfected mammalian cells maintained at 37 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, however, cells expressing alpha4beta2 nAChRs show a 12-fold increase in radioligand binding (with no change in affinity), and a 5-fold up-regulation in cell-surface receptors with no increase in total subunit protein. In contrast to "wild-type" alpha4 and beta2 subunits, chimeric nicotinic/serotonergic subunits ("alpha4chi" and "beta2chi") are expressed very efficiently on the cell surface (at 30 degrees C or 37 degrees C), either as hetero-oligomeric complexes (e.g. alpha4chi+beta2 or alpha4chi+beta2chi) or when expressed alone. Compared with alpha4beta2 nAChRs, expression of complexes containing chimeric subunits typically results in up to 20-fold increase in nicotinic radioligand binding sites (with no change in affinity) and a similar increase in cell-surface receptor, despite a similar level of total chimeric and wild-type protein.
Binding of Helix Pomatia A Hemagglutinin to Human Erythrocytes and their Cells. Influence of Multivalent Interaction on Affinity (1973)

The binding of 125 I‐labelled intact (hexavalent) and partially reduced (divalent) Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin to human A. 1 , A. 2 , A. 3 , A 1 B and A 2 B erythrocytes, human lymphocytes, human lymphoblastoid and other tumor cell lines was investigated. The essential finding was that the association constants calculated for the interaction between hemagglutinin and A‐erythrocytes were many orders of magnitude higher than the intrinsic association constant for the interaction between the hemagglutinin and the blood group A determinant. The latter value was 5–10 3 1/mole. The K‐values for intact hemagglutinin and A and AB erythrocytes were in the order of 10 10 1/mole at 18–22 °C and pH 7.3. For partially reduced hemagglutinin the K‐values were in the order of 5–10 7 1/mole. Multivalent interaction would seem to be the essential factor responsible for the high K‐values in the cell binding experiments. Intact hemagglutinin reacted against A 1 and A 2 erythrocytes or against a human osteogenic sarcoma cell tine (2T) gave homogeneous binding curves in Scatchard's plot. Human lymphocytes and most lymphoblastoid cell lines lacked hemagglutinin receptors.
Artistic anatomy based, real-time reproduction of facial expressions in 3D face models (2003)

The paper proposes a new real time method for reproducing facial expressions in 3D face models realistically based on anatomy for artists. To reproduce facial expressions in a face model, the detected expressions need to be converted to the data for deforming the face model. In the proposed method, an artist who has learned anatomy for artists creates arbitrary facial expressions in the 3D face model by mixing the reference expressions chosen by the artist so that the synthesized expressions realistically represent the respective expressions displayed by real persons. The parameters obtained by this manual operations are used to construct the equations that convert the expression features obtained by the detection module to the displacement vectors of the vertices of the face model. During human communications through face models, the equations are used to reproduce the detected expressions in real time. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method were demonstrated by experimental results and demonstration systems.
VoIP Secure Communication Protocol satisfying Backward Compatibility (2007)

Several VoIP security protocols have been standardized for preventing many VoIP threats. But since several VoIP carriers have different VoIP protocols, end-to-end VoIP secure communication can not be possible. Also when initiator using secure VoIP phone wants a secure communication with responder using non-VoIP phone such as PSTN phone, or cellular phone, etc, so does it. Therefore, we propose VoIP secure communication protocols satisfying backward compatibility.
Urinary Polyamine Levels in the Diagnosis of Carcinoma of the Prostate (1975)

Urinary excretion of the basic polyamine, spermidine, was significantly elevated in patients with prostatic carcinoma as compared to a control group of patients, Of 44 urine specimens from patients with prostatic malignancy 31 had spermidine levels more than 2 mg. per 24 hours, while only 3 of 13 urine specimens from the control groups had levels in excess of this value. The increase in spermidine appeared to be correlated with the histologic grading of the tumor, that is 30 of 34 specimens from patients with grade II, III or IV carcinoma had excessive spermidine excretion and only 1 of 10 urine specimens from patients with grade I tumors had similiar spermidine elevations. High spermidine levles were found in tumors localized to the prostate and in 7 of 8 patients with negative pelvic and para-aortic lymph node biopsies. This study raises the possibility that urinary spermidine determinations may aid in the development of a biochemical screening test for prostatic neoplasms.
Design and Development of Focus in SIP-based Video Conference System (2004)

This paper presents a layered framework of Focus.This framework comprises three components that are main control, conference manager and connection control. The connection control component maintains signaling relationship with conference participants and opens or closes media channels for participants. This paper not only describes how these components work but also gives the key arithmetics about how to implement them. The experiment results show that Focus can meet the demands of medium-size conference and its design and development is effective.
4G Mobile Networks: An Analysis of Spectrum Allocation, Software Radio Architectures and Interfacing Technology (2011)

This thesis has investigated 4G radio access networks covering spectrum allocation methodologies, eNB software radios and architectures including interfacing performance aspects relevant for IMT-Advanced requirements. Dynamic spectrum allocation is an alternative to xed allocation methodologies. Al- though 100 MHz of spectrum per antenna will require frequencies re-allocation - initial rollouts with bandwidths of 40 MHz leveraging Carrier Aggregation and MIMO antenna techniques are foreseen within a 3-years time horizon. MultiRAN and high-power eNB congurations are expected to operate in the 1.7-2.6 GHz bands. Likewise, SingleRAN low-power congurations will operate in the 2.6-3.8 GHz bands allowing equipment manu- factures to focus on a limited number of systems and congurations. An SCR architecture is proposed based on SoC integration of both digital and analog functions allowing mod- ularity and exibility with a reduced footprint and equipment cost reduction. Baseband to radio interfaces were analyzed representing the future of open and dis- tributed eNB architectures. A contribution on carrier grade capacity analysis and interface interoperability enhancements was presented. Likewise, system synchronization and delay management - relevant because of the remote nature of OBSAI/CPRI equipment support- ing reliable multi-hop applications - were thoroughly analyzed. A new architecture for a serial receiver circuitry - the main source of interface delay measurement inaccuracy - is presented enabling 100 ps of theoretical resolution for delay variance.
Mean value coordinates for arbitrary spherical polygons and polyhedra in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ (2006)

Since their introduction, mean value coordinates enjoy ever increasing popularity in computer graphics and computational mathematics because they exhibit a variety of good properties. Most importantly, they are defined in the whole plane which allows interpolation and extrapolation without restrictions. Recently, mean value coordinates were generalized to spheres and to $\\mathbb{R}^{3}$. We show that these spherical and 3D mean value coordinates are well-defined on the whole sphere and the whole space $\\mathbb{R}^{3}$, respectively.
Structures of PI4KIIIβ complexes show simultaneous recruitment of Rab11 and its effectors (2014)

Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) and small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are essential for processes that require expansion and remodeling of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P)-containing membranes, including cytokinesis, intracellular development of malarial pathogens, and replication of a wide range of RNA viruses. However, the structural basis for coordination of PI4K, GTPases, and their effectors is unknown. Here, we describe structures of PI4Kβ (PI4KIIIβ) bound to the small GTPase Rab11a without and with the Rab11 effector protein FIP3. The Rab11-PI4KIIIβ interface is distinct compared with known structures of Rab complexes and does not involve switch regions used by GTPase effectors. Our data provide a mechanism for how PI4KIIIβ coordinates Rab11 and its effectors on PI4P-enriched membranes and also provide strategies for the design of specific inhibitors that could potentially target plasmodial PI4KIIIβ to combat malaria.
Collective classification for unknown malware detection (2011)

Abstract: Malware is any type of computer software harmful to computers and networks. The amount of malware is increasing every year and poses as a serious global security threat. Signature-based detection is the most broadly used commercial antivirus method, however, it fails to detect new and previously unseen malware. Supervised machine-learning models have been proposed in order to solve this issue, but the usefulness of supervised learning is far to be perfect because it requires a significant amount of malicious code and benign software to be identified and labelled in beforehand. In this paper, we propose a new method that adopts a collective learning approach to detect unknown malware. Collective classification is a type of semi-supervised learning that presents an interesting method for optimising the classification of partially-labelled data. In this way, we propose here, for the first time, collective classification algorithms to build different machine-learning classifiers using a set of labelled (as malware and legitimate software) and unlabelled instances. We perform an empirical validation demonstrating that the labelling efforts are lower than when supervised learning is used, while maintaining high accuracy rates. 1
Catalytically propelled micro‐/nanomotors: how fast can they move? (2011)

Synthetic micro-/nanomotors represent one of the most exciting challenges facing nanotechnology and hold considerable promise for diverse future applications. This review discusses different strategies to improve the speed of the catalytic nanomotors, summarizing and comparing the maximum absolute and relative speeds obtained with different catalytically propelled micro-/nanomotors. Remarkably ultrafast nanowires and microtube engines, with speeds of 60 and 375 body lengths s(-1), respectively, have been developed recently. Achieving such amazingly high speed and power has been accomplished through rational optimization of key factors governing the propulsion behavior, including composition of the motor and fuel, the motor morphology and various external stimuli. We hope that our discussion will serve as a guide to the rational design of even faster and more powerful catalytically propelled fuel-efficient micro-/nanomotors, with speed limits that are limited only by our imagination.
Cities, telematics and utilities: towards convergence (1994)

Durant la dernière décennie, les principaux réseaux de services urbains du Royaume-Uni ont été privatisés. C'est historiquement parlant une situation inédite dans l'évolution des services publics urbains britanniques. Cet article s'attache en premier lieu à cette "révolution des réseaux d'infrastructures urbains", en la replaçant dans une perspective historique. Trois dimensions-clés de ce processus de transformation ont été mises en évidence : la privatisation et la libéralisation des services urbains, les tensions entre deux types d'approches, l'une globalisante, l'autre plus localiste ; les relations enfin entre les services et l'économie urbaine dans un contexte de profonde restructuration. L'article examine en second lieu deux des plus importantes conséquences de ces changements. Il est en effet apparu que les télécommunications et la télématique sont de plus en plus employées dans tous les aspects du fonctionnement des réseaux de services urbains. Par ailleurs, les capacités de contrôle offertes par la télématique encouragent une convergence et des participations croisées entre des réseaux de services qui s'ignoraient jusque-là. Cette tendance n'est pas sans implications sur la gestion et le développement des villes, ce que l'article aborde dans sa dernière partie.
Injection-Locked Clocking: A New GHz Clock Distribution Scheme (2006)

We propose a new GHz clock distribution scheme, injection-locked clocking (ILC). This new scheme uses injection-locked oscillators as the local clock regenerators. It can achieve better power efficiency and jitter performance than conventional buffered trees with the additional benefit of built-in deskewing. A test chip is implemented in a standard 0.18mum digital CMOS technology. It has four divide-by-2 ILOs at the leaves of a 3-section H-tree, generating 5GHz local clocks from the 10GHz input clock with 17% locking range and no phase noise degradation. Measured jitter of generated clocks is lower than that of the input signal. Two local clocks can be differentially deskewed up to 80ps relative to each other. The test chip consumes only 7.3mW excluding test-port buffers
Distortion-free broadband holograms: A novel class of elements utilizing the wavelength-independent geometric phase (2015)

We demonstrate a novel class of elements called Far-Field Geometric Phase Holograms (FGPH) capable of producing far-field output images free of chromatic distortion for a broad range of input wavelengths. The FGPH utilizes the geometric phase which applies the same phase profile to any incident wave regardless of wavelength. Thus, the fidelity of an image produced by an FGPH is the same for all wavelengths. However, being a diffractive element, the FGPH is still dispersive in that the size of a generated image depends on the replay wavelength according to the diffraction equation. In this paper, we give theory for the ideal FGPH element, describing its replay characteristics and unique polarization properties. We experimentally realize an FGPH element using photo-aligned liquid crystals patterned with a direct-write system. We characterize the fabricated element and show the theory to be valid. Generally, this new class of polarization sensitive elements can produce broadband undistorted images with high diffraction efficiency.
The use of a low cost 3D scanning and printing tool in the manufacture of custom-made foot orthoses: a preliminary study (2014)

This preliminary study demonstrated a small increase in AHI with the 3D printing orthotic compared to the shod condition. A larger sample size may demonstrate significant patterns for the tested conditions.
Transcription Factor Binding Site Mapping Using ChIP-Seq (2014)

Transcription factors (TFs) play a central role in regulating gene expression in all bacteria. Yet until recently, studies of TF binding were limited to a small number of factors at a few genomic locations. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-Seq) provides the ability to map binding sites globally for TFs, and the scalability of the technology enables the ability to map binding sites for every DNA binding protein in a prokaryotic organism. We have developed a protocol for ChIP-Seq tailored for use with mycobacteria and an analysis pipeline for processing the resulting data. The protocol and pipeline have been used to map over 100 TFs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as numerous TFs from related mycobacteria and other bacteria. The resulting data provide evidence that the long-accepted spatial relationship between TF binding site, promoter motif, and the corresponding regulated gene may be too simple a paradigm, failing to adequately capture the variety of TF binding sites found in prokaryotes. In this article we describe the protocol and analysis pipeline, the validation of these methods, and the results of applying these methods to M. tuberculosis.
Natural selection in peer-to-peer streaming (2005)

Success of peer-to-peer applications in many cases is attributed to user altruism, where a user contributes some of its own resources to facilitate performance of other users. This observation has been corroborated with some experimental evidence. In this paper we make a first attempt to demonstrate that there are many scenarios where peer-to-peer resource sharing is a natural behavior that selfish users can use to improve their own performance. In particular we examine such natural incentives that exist in a streaming media application which lead such greedy users to cooperate and share resources with each other in forming an efficient overlay multicast tree. We define a freestyle Bazaar environment in which streaming media receivers interact with each other and cooperatively construct an overlay tree for improving their perception of media streams from a single server. Through simulations we demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed environment.
System modeling using an adaptive delay filter (1987)

In this paper, we present a special technique for modeling an unknown system. This technique requires a type of adaptive filter called an Adaptive Delay Filter [1]-[3]. This filter structure includes variable delay taps in addition to variable gains. The Adaptive Delay Filter is especially applicable to system modeling problems in which the system to be modeled has a sparse impulse response [4]-[7]. Using the standard adaptive filter to model a sparse system could require a very large filter [8], while an Adaptive Delay Filter could model the sparse impulse response with very few elements in the filter since the delay taps spread out to adapt to the unknown system. An analysis of the mean-squared error surface using this technique is included, along with the computer simulation results of the performance in modeling both the delay taps and the gains of an unknown system. A comparison of this technique with the conventional approach using Widrow's LMS algorithm will be addressed.
Expression of periostin and its clinicopathological relevance in gastric cancer (2007)

This observation demonstrated that periostin was overexpressed in gastric cancer and lymph node metastasis, which suggests that periostin plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer.