gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleosides. LXXXVII. Total synthesis of pentopyranine A an .alpha.-L cytosine nucleoside elaborated by Streptomyces griseochromogenes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleosides. LXXXVII. Total synthesis of pentopyranine A an .alpha.-L cytosine nucleoside elaborated by Streptomyces griseochromogenesK. A. Watanabe, T. M. K. Chiu, D. H. Hollenberg, and J. J. FoxCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 17, 2482–2486Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00931a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00931a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional domains of the capsid protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1994)

A series of deletions was introduced into the CA domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag polyprotein to examine its role in virus particle and core formation. The mutations resulted in two phenotypes, indicating the existence of two functionally distinct regions within the CA domain. Deletions within a conserved stretch of 20 amino acids referred to as the major homology region (MHR) and deletions C terminal to this region blocked virus replication and significantly reduced the ability to form viral particles. Deletions N terminal to the MHR also prevented virus replication, but the mutants retained the ability to assemble and release viral particles with the same efficiency as the wild-type virus. The mutant particles contained circular rather than cone-shaped cores, and while they were of a density similar to that of wild-type particles, they were more heterogeneous in size. These results indicate that CA domain sequences N terminal to the MHR are essential for the morphogenesis of the mature cone-shaped core.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 83 Overexpression in Naive CD4+CD25− T Cells Leads to the Induction of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells In Vivo (2006)

Foxp3 functions as a lineage specification factor for the development of naturally occurring thymus-derived CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Recent evidence suggests that naive Foxp3-CD4+CD25- T cells can be converted in the periphery into Foxp3+ Treg cells. In this study, we have identified the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)83 to be selectively up-regulated by CD4+CD25+ Treg cells of both murine and human origin in contrast to naive CD4+CD25- or recently activated T cells. Furthermore, GPR83 was induced upon overexpression of Foxp3 in naive CD4+CD25- T cells. Transduction of naive CD4+CD25- T cells with GPR83-encoding retroviruses did not confer in vitro suppressive activity. Nevertheless, GPR83-transduced T cells were able to inhibit the effector phase of a severe contact hypersensitivity reaction of the skin, indicating that GPR83 itself or GPR83-mediated signals conferred suppressive activity to conventional CD4+ T cells in vivo. Most strikingly, this in vivo acquisition of suppressive activity was associated with the induction of Foxp3 expression in GPR83-transduced CD4+ T cells under inflammatory conditions. Our results suggest that GPR83 might be critically involved in the peripheral generation of Foxp3+ Treg cells in vivo.
Feynman's lost lecture: the motion of planets around the sun (1996)

On 14 March 1964 Richard Feynman, one of the greatest scientific thinkers of the 20th Century, delivered a lecture entitled 'The Motion of the Planets Around the Sun'. For thirty years this remarkable lecture was believed to be lost. But now Feynman's work has been reconstructed and explained in meticulous, accessible detail, together with a history of ideas of the planets' motions. The result is a vital and absorbing account of one of the fundamental puzzles of science, and an invaluable insight into Feynman's charismatic brilliance.
Coherent Detection for 1550 nm, 5 Gbit/s VCSEL Based 40 km Bidirectional PON Transmission (2011)

Coherent detection of directly modulated 1550nm VCSELs in 5Gbit/s bidirectional 40km SSMF PON-links is presented. Receiver sensitivity of –37.3dBm after transmission is achieved with 30dB system margin, corresponding to 1:1024 passive power-splitting.
Quantized compute and forward: A low-complexity architecture for distributed antenna systems (2011)

We consider a low-complexity version of the Compute and Forward scheme that involves only scaling, offset (dithering removal) and scalar quantization at the relays. The proposed scheme is suited for the uplink of a distributed antenna system where the antenna elements must be very simple and are connected to a joint processor via orthogonal perfect links of given rate R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . We consider the design of non-binary LDPC codes naturally matched to the proposed scheme. Each antenna element performs individual (decentralized) Belief Propagation decoding of its own quantized signal, and sends a linear combination of the users' information messages via the noiseless link to the joint processor, which retrieves the users' messages by Gaussian elimination. The complexity of this scheme is linear in the coding block length and polynomial in the system size (number of relays).
Association of Multivitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (2018)

Our meta-analysis of clinical trials and prospective cohort studies demonstrates that MVM supplementation does not improve cardiovascular outcomes in the general population.
Rational design of thermo-responsive adsorbents: demand-oriented active sites for the adsorption of dyes (2017)

A smart adsorbent RA@MS is fabricated by incorporating a di-block copolymer through the combination of the thermo-responsive block poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (R) and the active block poly{N-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]methacrylamide} (A, tertiary amines as basic sites) into mesoporous silica. The di-block copolymer RA preserves the thermo-responsive nature, which makes the active sites reversibly exposed/blocked in light of temperature variation. The obtained adsorbent possessing thermo-responsive properties can thus realize both selective adsorption and efficient regeneration for temperature-swing adsorption (TSA) of dyes.
The Mechanism of Plantar Unloading in Total Contact Casts: Implications for Design and Clinical Use (1997)

Although the total contact cast (TCC) has been shown to be an extremely effective treatment for the healing of plantar ulcers in diabetic patients, little is known about the biomechanics of its action. In this study, plantar pressure and ground reaction force measurements were obtained from over 750 foot contacts as five subjects with known elevated plantar forefoot pressures walked barefoot, in a padded cast shoe, and a TCC. Peak plantar pressures in the forefoot were markedly reduced in the cast compared with both barefoot and shoe walking (reductions of 75% and 86% respectively, P < 0.05). Peak plantar pressures in the heel were not, however, significantly different between the shoe and the TCC, and the longer duration of heel loading resulted in an impulse that was more than twice as great in the cast compared with the shoe (P < 0.05). An analysis of load distribution indicated that the mechanisms by which the TCC achieves forefoot unloading are (1) transfer of approximately 30% of the load from the leg directly to the cast wall, (2) greater proportionate load sharing by the heel, and (3) removal of a load-bearing surface from the metatarsal heads because of the "cavity" created by the soft foam covering the forefoot. These results point out some of the "essential design features" of the TCC (which are different from what had been previously supposed), support the use of the TCC for healing plantar ulcers in the forefoot, but raise questions about its utility in the healing of plantar ulcers on the heel.
Analysing antibody response based on data obtained from serial dilution methods (1983)

We identify several problem areas in statistical analyses of data obtained from serial dilution methods in serology. We provide the mathematical backgrounds of the key elements involved in this field of study and discuss the statistical considerations. The problem areas include the use of the geometric mean as an expression of the average of a set of observations, the use of fold increase to measure antibody response, and the statistical analysis of the change in antibody response with respect to other variables, such as age and pre-titer levels.
Synthesis of Spatially and Intrinsically Constrained Curves Using Simulated Annealing (1991)

Abstract A general technique is presented for automatic generation of B-spline curves in a spatially constrained environment, subject to specified intrinsic shape properties. Spatial constraints are characterized by a distance metric relating points on the curve to polyhedral models of obstacles which the curve should avoid. The shape of the curve is governed by constraints based on intrinsic curve properties such as parametric variation and curvature. To simultaneously address the independent goals of global obstacle avoidance and local control of intrinsic shape properties, curve synthesis is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem and solved via simulated annealing. Several example applications are presented which demonstrate the robustness of the technique. The synthesis of both uniform and non-uniform B-spline curves is also demonstrated. An extension of the technique to general sculptured surface model synthesis is briefly described, and a preliminary example of simple surface synthesis presented.
Change in water quality during construction of new bridge on Narmada River at Jabalpur, India. (2008)

Accepted : May, 2008 SUMMARY Present study is focused on the monitoring of pollution level in Jamtara station at Khirhani ghat, of Narmada River in Jabalpur. Jamtara station is situated at a distance of 12 kms away from the Jabalpur city .It is situated 235’12 latitude and 79 57’ 06 longitudes. The Gaur River is a major tributary of the Narmada River which meets at Khirhani Ghat. This river is mostly polluted by the wastage of dairy farms, which are at the bank of the river; it is also being polluted by so many sources such as ashes, remains of bodies after cremation, cattle bathing, washing of clothes and discharge of domestic sewage. The bridge construction started on17th January 2006 and still work is going on. During the bridge construction lot of cement, soil, concrete, brick and dust is falling in river water every day. Due to the construction, it has become a serious threat to water quality. The Narmada River water is used for bathing, drinking, and irrigation purposes. Water samples were collected from surface area of water 1meter away from the river and at a depth of 1 meter. Physico-chemical parameter of the river water were analyzed. These are temperature, pH , Turbidity, Conductivity, CO 2 , Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium and Chloride. The study reflected that the sampling sides were polluted. Pollution level has increased beyond the prescribed standard limit
Ruminal and Intestinal Degradability of Distillers Grains plus Solubles Varies by Source (2007)

Currently in the dairy industry, there is a concern about the variability in the nutrient content among sources of distillers grains plus solubles (DG), but little research has evaluated the variability in metabolizable AA among sources. The ruminal degradability of crude protein (CP) in soybean meal (SBM), dried DG from 5 sources (DG1, DG2, DG3, DG4, and DG5), and 1 source of wet DG (WDG) were determined using 2 lactating ruminally cannulated Holstein cows. Feeds were incubated in the rumen for 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 h. Intestinal CP digestibility via pepsin and pancreatin and AA profiles were measured on residue from 12-h ruminal incubation of feeds. Ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) was less for SBM (46.4%) than for DG. The WDG (53.6%) had less RUP than dried DG. The RUP concentrations of DG3 (59.1%) and DG5 (60.3%) were lower than DG1 (71.7%) and DG4 (67.5%), with DG1 having more than DG2 (63.7%) and DG4. Intestinal digestibility of RUP was greater for SBM (86.7%) than DG. The DG2 (76.8%) and DG3 (74.2%) had greater intestinal digestibility compared with DG1 (59.2%), DG4 (63.0%), and DG5 (68.1%). The intestinal digestibility in WDG (65.8%) was similar to all other DG except for DG1, which was lower. Total digestibility of CP was greater in SBM (93.9%) compared with DG. Among the DG sources, the CP in DG2 (85.3%) and DG3 (84.9%) was more digestible compared with DG1 (70.7%), DG4 (74.9%), and DG5 (80.8%) but not WDG (81.9%). Based on the milk protein score (MPS), which is an estimate of the proportion of milk protein that a protein source can sustain until the first limiting AA is depleted, Met was the first limiting AA in SBM and Lys in DG. The concentrations of essential AA in the RUP were not different among DG sources, but the greater MPS in WDG (0.306) compared with the dried DG (0.240) sources indicated that WDG may have been the more ideal RUP source; but, the MPS of the metabolizable protein indicated that the protein quality of WDG was similar to that in DG2, DG3, and DG5. In conclusion, protein degradability and digestibility differed greatly among DG sources, but these differences were actually not as prominent in the concentrations of metabolizable AA and MPS among these sources.
Influence of Random Branching on Multiple Hydrogen Bonding in Poly(alkyl methacrylate)s (2005)

A series of linear and randomly branched poly(alkyl methacrylate)s with pendant 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidone (UPy) groups, which form quadruple hydrogen bonds, were synthesized, and the role of molecular topology on intermolecular hydrogen bonding was investigated. In solution rheological studies of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-UPy methacrylate) (PMMA-co-UPyMA) copolymers, a branched copolymer in the nonassociated state displayed a larger entanglement concentration (Ce) than a linear copolymer of equal molar mass. However, Ce of the branched copolymer approached the Ce of the linear analogue as the degree of hydrogen bond associations increased in solution, which suggested the reduced chain dimensions of the branched structure were overcome upon intermolecular association of the UPy groups. A series of linear and branched poly(2-ethylhexyl methacrylate-co-UPy methacrylate) (PEHMA-co-UPyMA) copolymers with 0−10 mol % UPy were utilized for melt rheological studies. A decrease in zero shear viscosity (η0) and relaxation time suggested that branching reduced entanglement couplings for the unfunctionalized PEHMA homopolymer, and the η0 and relaxation time of the branched and linear polymers approached each another as the UPy content was increased from 0 to 10 mol %. Furthermore, as the UPy content was increased in the copolymer, the plateau modulus ( ) systematically increased, and the plateau region systematically broadened independent of the chain architecture. Thus, reversible hydrogen-bonding associations between UPy groups dominated the rheological behavior of linear and branched chains in both solution and the melt phase.
On Ghost Reads in RFID Systems (2005)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems are beginning to be used for ubiquitous object identification within the supply chain. Ubiquitous object identification enables extreme efficiencies within the supply chain. However, errors in the collected data can degrade the benefits or even increase costs as compared to not using RFID systems. The two main sources of data collection error are missed RFID tag reads and Ghost tag reads. A missed tag read results in no data, such as the identifier stored on the tag, being collected from a tag by a specific tag reader. A Ghost tag read results in erroneous data, specifically an identifier that is not stored on any tag within the reader’s field, being “read” by a reader and reported as correct data. Both forms of erroneous data collection can have a significant impact on the benefits of using RFID systems; therefore, they must both be minimized. In this paper, we examine the factors that impact the appearance of Ghost tag reads and conclude that a good RFID reader design that utilizes all of the error detection features available in the RFID air-interface protocol is required to effectively eliminate the appearance and impact of Ghost reads.
The RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway in cancer cell-selective apoptosis (2013)

A replication-incompetent hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) envelope (HVJ-E) induces apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. Fragments of the viral RNA genome transported by HVJ-E are recognized by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS). Specific pro-apoptotic factor are selectively upregulated in cancer cells downstream of the RIG-I/MAVS pathway.
Advertised Specials and Local Competition Among Supermarkets (1962)

A large proportion of the supermarket advertising dollar is spent for local newspaper advertising, which in most metropolitan areas of the United States has come to feature special prices on a select list of items.The investigation whose findings are summarized in this report has focused upon these advertised specials, in the hope of gaining some insight into a competitive device which has been growing in importance (1, p. 134, table 37).The findings reported here are relevant to some only of the many questions that might be posed regarding the practice.An obvious question concerns the extent to which prices on featured items are reduced from their regular levels; the clear indication is that they are reduced considerably.The relative importance of the featured items was also examined, but since we did not obtain any data on relative sales, this could only be inferred from stated assumptions whose validity was not tested.The inference drawn is that the specials can be quite important in the household food budget.Another question concerned the extent of correspondence between specials and over-all price levels from store to store.Do the special prices reflect any information about regular shelf prices?No very sharp general picture emerged here, but comparisons between certain stores are suggestive of the different role and emphasis given to specials.A further question pertained to store strategy in the use of specials, insofar as this can be detected in the selection of items and prices.Awareness of the danger that we might presuppose it where no conscious strategy existed may have discouraged us in this quest, which in any event produced little evidence.The final question on which we sought evidence was whether the so-called "battle of the brands"l was manifest in specials advertising.The threatened brand franchises of manufacturers had been built largely upon advertising; a posteriori it seemed that they would be defended through advertising.The evidence suggests that they are being defended in the weekly specials, or even that a counterattack on behalf of manufacturer's brands is conducted here.
The dual-path execution model for efficient GPU control flow (2013)

Current graphics processing units (GPUs) utilize the single instruction multiple thread (SIMT) execution model. With SIMT, a group of logical threads executes such that all threads in the group execute a single common instruction on a particular cycle. To enable control flow to diverge within the group of threads, GPUs partially serialize execution and follow a single control flow path at a time. The execution of the threads in the group that are not on the current path is masked. Most current GPUs rely on a hardware reconvergence stack to track the multiple concurrent paths and to choose a single path for execution. Control flow paths are pushed onto the stack when they diverge and are popped off of the stack to enable threads to reconverge and keep lane utilization high. The stack algorithm guarantees optimal reconvergence for applications with structured control flow as it traverses the structured control-flow tree depth first. The downside of using the reconvergence stack is that only a single path is followed, which does not maximize available parallelism, degrading performance in some cases. We propose a change to the stack hardware in which the execution of two different paths can be interleaved. While this is a fundamental change to the stack concept, we show how dual-path execution can be implemented with only modest changes to current hardware and that parallelism is increased without sacrificing optimal (structured) control-flow reconvergence. We perform a detailed evaluation of a set of benchmarks with divergent control flow and demonstrate that the dual-path stack architecture is much more robust compared to previous approaches for increasing path parallelism. Dual-path execution either matches the performance of the baseline single-path stack architecture or outperforms single-path execution by 14.9% on average and by over 30% in some cases.
Human nerve growth factor improves spatial memory in aged but not in young rats (1994)

The behavioral effects of human nerve growth factor (NGF) were assessed in Fischer-344 rats of two ages: 4 months old (4MO) and 23 months old (23MO). Recent memory was tested in delayed alteration (T maze), reference memory in a place discrimination (water maze), and sensorimotor skills in a battery of sensorimotor tasks. Each rat was preoperatively trained in each task, given either a control procedure (CON), or continuous infusion of human NGF via an osmotic minipump, and retested again 3 weeks later. Two doses of NGF were delivered: 40 micrograms and 160 micrograms (total amount infused over a period of 4 weeks). In 23MO-NGF rats, both doses improved performance in the recent memory task, and in some measures of the place learning task, but had no effect on sensorimotor skills. In 4MO-NGF rats, the low dose impaired performance in the recent memory task, but not in the place discrimination or in the sensorimotor tasks. These data indicate that human NGF can reverse age-related cognitive impairments in old rats. However, the present study also raises the issue of potential detrimental effects that NGF may exert in young normal subjects.