gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abrin Induces HeLa Cell Apoptosis by Cytochrome c Release and Caspase Activation (2004)

We identified apoptosis as being a significant mechanism of toxicity following the exposure of HeLa cell cultures to abrin holotoxin, which is in addition to its inhibition of protein biosynthesis by N-glycosidase activity. The treatment of HeLa cell cultures with abrin resulted in apoptotic cell death, as characterized by morphological and biochemical changes, i.e., cell shrinkage, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, the occurrence of hypodiploid DNA, chromatin condensation, nuclear breakdown, DNA single strand breaks by TUNEL assay, and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. This apoptotic cell death was accompanied by caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, as indicated by the cleavage of caspase substrates, which was preceded by mitochondrial cytochrome c release. The broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (zVADfmk), prevented abrin-triggered caspase activation and partially abolished apoptotic cell death, but did not affect mitochondrial cytochrome c release. These results suggest that the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and the sequential caspase-9 and caspase-3 activations are important events in the signal transduction pathway of abrin-induced apoptotic cell death in the HeLa cell line.
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION (1995)

Anaerobic sludge digestion , Anaerobic sludge digestion , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Moulded supportive seating for the disabled/1 (1978)

In severe cases of physical disability intimate supportive seating may be required to provide maximum comfort, a good position for functional activities, improved respiration, relief of localized pressure, control of spasm, protection, or improved management. A service for providing such seating has been developed at Chailey Heritage. The seat is vacuum-formed from thermoplastic materials, having a soft non-absorbent foam for the linear and a hard semi-rigid outer shell. A mould is obtained by casting the patient using the vacuum consolidation technique and by recording the resulting impression using plaster-of-Paris. Nearly 200 seats have been made using the technique with a high rate of success.
Determination of the<i>in vivo</i>degradation mechanism of PEGDA hydrogels (2014)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels are one of the most extensively utilized biomaterials systems due to their established biocompatibility and highly tunable properties. It is widely acknowledged that traditional acrylate-derivatized PEG (PEGDA) hydrogels are susceptible to slow degradation in vivo and are therefore unsuitable for long-term implantable applications. However, there is speculation whether the observed degradation is due to hydrolysis of endgroup acrylate esters or oxidation of the ether backbone, both of which are possible in the foreign body response to implanted devices. PEG diacrylamide (PEGDAA) is a polyether-based hydrogel system with similar properties to PEGDA but with amide linkages in place of the acrylate esters. This provides a hydrolytically-stable control that can be used to isolate the relative contributions of hydrolysis and oxidation to the in vivo degradation of PEGDA. Here we show that PEGDAA hydrogels remained stable over 12 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in a rat model while PEGDA hydrogels underwent significant degradation as indicated by both increased swelling ratio and decreased modulus. As PEGDA and PEGDAA have similar susceptibility to oxidation, these results demonstrate for the first time that the primary in vivo degradation mechanism of PEGDA is hydrolysis of the endgroup acrylate esters. Additionally, the maintenance of PEGDAA hydrogel properties in vivo indicates their suitability for long-term implants. These studies serve to elucidate key information about a widely used biomaterial system to allow for better implantable device design and to provide a biostable replacement option for PEGDA in applications that require long-term stability.
Throughput Analysis of Full Duplex Communication with Asymmetric Traffic in Small Cell Systems (2015)

Full duplex communication promises a 100% throughput gain by enabling simultaneous transmission and reception. However, such simultaneous communication leads to a corresponding increase in the network interference. In addition, full duplex communication can only be exploited when traffic is available in both uplink and downlink directions; while, cellular network traffic tend to be downlink heavy in practice. The potential throughput gains of full duplex communication over conventional half duplex transmission in a small cell network with asymmetric traffic conditions are investigated in this contribution using network analysis tools from stochastic geometry. The analytical findings are further confirmed through computer-based Monte-Carlo simulations. Asymmetric downlink/uplink traffic pattern and the increased network interference stemming from full duplex transmissions are found to limit its potential performance to well below the promised 100% throughput gain.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alter Migratory Property of T and Dendritic Cells to Delay the Development of Murine Lethal Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2008)

Due to the potent immunoregulatory capacity, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in clinical trials to treat acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), although the detailed in vivo mechanisms remain elusive. In a murine lethal aGvHD model, MSCs delayed the development of the disease. Interestingly, we found that MSC infusion increased the number of T lymphocytes in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). Since the expression of CD62L and CCR7 is prerequisite for lymphocyte migration into SLOs, the in vitro experiments revealed that in the presence of MSCs, T lymphocytes (including CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells) preferred to take the naive-like phenotype (CD62L(+)/CCR7(+)) in mixed lymphocyte reaction and maintained the migratory activity elicited by secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC). Dendritic cells (DCs) are the initiator of immune response. CCR7 expression is pivotal for their maturation and migration into SLOs. However, CCR7 expression and SLC-driven migratory activity of DCs were remarkably suppressed by MSC coculture. The processes above were realized mainly through secretory mechanism. Consistently, MSC infusion maintained T lymphocytes to take CD62L(+)/CCR7(+) phenotype and decreased the CCR7 expression and proportion of DCs in SLOs of aGvHD mice. In conclusion, the altered migratory properties of T cells and DCs might contribute to the immunosuppressive activity of transplanted MSCs in the setting of aGvHD. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Distributed Git (2014)

Now that you have a remote Git repository set up as a point for all the developers to share their code, and you’re familiar with basic Git commands in a local workflow, you’ll look at how to utilize some of the distributed workflows that Git affords you.
Novelty‐related Rapid Locomotor Effects of Corticosterone in Rats (1996)

Glucocorticoids modulate brain function and behaviour through different mechanisms. Although classical effects are mediated through intracellular receptors that modulate gene transcription, recent evidence supports the existence of rapid, nongenomic steroid effects through the neuronal membrane. In this study, we explored possible rapid behavioural effects of corticosterone in the rat, which could provide a model to characterize further the mechanisms involved in rapid corticosteroid nongenomic actions. We found that a corticosterone injection, at doses (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) that mimic plasma concentrations produced by substantial stress, rapidly increases (within 7.5 min of its systemic administration) the locomotor response displayed by rats in a novel environment (activity cage). A lower dose of 1 mg/kg failed to induce this effect. In addition, corticosterone failed to increase locomotion when administered to rats that had been previously exposed to the activity cage. Corticosterone-induced increased locomotion in a novelty situation was not counteracted by either the intracerebroventricular administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, or by the intracerebroventricular administration of specific antagonists for each type of intracellular corticosteroid receptor, i.e. RU28318, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and RU38486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. Further studies supported the viability of the receptor antagonists to display an anti-corticosteroid action interfering, as previously reported, with the behavioural &winning test. Therefore, the rapid actions of corticosterone in locomotor activity described here, which appear to be nongenomic, might provide a model for future research on the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in steroid-membrane interactions.
A single amino acid change in a geminiviral Rep protein differentiates between triggering a plant defence response and initiating viral DNA replication (2008)

We have devised an in planta system for functional analysis of the replication-associated protein (Rep) of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV). Using this assay and PCR-based random mutagenesis, we have identified an ACMV Rep mutant that failed to trigger the hypersensitive response (HR), but had an enhanced ability to initiate DNA replication. The mutant Rep-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was localized to the nucleus. Sequence analysis showed that the mutated Rep gene had three nucleotide changes (A6-->T, T375-->G and G852-->A); only the A6-->T transversion resulted in an amino acid substitution (Arg to Ser), which is at the second residue in the 358 amino acid ACMV Rep protein. Our results indicate that a single amino acid can alter the differential ability of ACMV Rep to trigger the host-mediated HR defence mechanism and to initiate viral DNA replication. The implications of this finding are discussed in the context of plant-virus interactions.
Applications of Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes to Sensor Technology and Molecular Probes (1997)

An overview of the applications of luminescent transition metal complexes to sensor technology is presented. In addition to general considerations, a number of specific systems are discussed including oxygen, pH, carbon dioxide, temperature, and immunoassay sensors. Applications of the complexes to molecular probes are also covered including chirality and conformational proves, water exposure sensors, and dynamic probes. Problem areas such as photostability, excitability, immobilization chemistry, the existence multiple responses in the same molecule, and substrate-support interactions are discussed. Also covered is the very difficulty problem of unambiguously interpreting the complex kinetic and chemical behavior of real sensor systems.
Improvements in the operational reliability of the 680 MeV synchro-cyclotron as a result of the modernisation of its RF system (1972)

In this work are presented the technical improvements of the rf system of the synchro-cyclotron, the drive (mechanism) of the condenser and the protection of its bearings which have permitted the increase of the working time of the accelerator from 375 hours to 1500 hours and also an increase of intensity from 0.3 A to 2,3 .An analysis is given of the statistical data of the working regime of the rf system as well as of the whole accelerator during 1960-70.
Cyclic AMP Signaling: A Molecular Determinant of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration (2014)

Disruption of axonal integrity during injury to the peripheral nerve system (PNS) sets into motion a cascade of responses that includes inflammation, Schwann cell mobilization, and the degeneration of the nerve fibers distal to the injury site. Yet, the injured PNS differentiates itself from the injured central nervous system (CNS) in its remarkable capacity for self-recovery, which, depending upon the length and type of nerve injury, involves a series of molecular events in both the injured neuron and associated Schwann cells that leads to axon regeneration, remyelination repair, and functional restitution. Herein we discuss the essential function of the second messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP), in the PNS repair process, highlighting the important role the conditioning lesion paradigm has played in understanding the mechanism(s) by which cyclic AMP exerts its proregenerative action. Furthermore, we review the studies that have therapeutically targeted cyclic AMP to enhance endogenous nerve repair.
Photochemical and Photophysical Reactions of <i>f</i><i>ac</i>-Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes. Effects from Binucleating Spectator Ligands on Excited and Ground State Processes (2001)

Ground and excited state properties of the newly prepared complexes Re(CO)3(2,2‘-biquinoline)LS+, LS = pyrazine or 4,4‘-bipyridine, and Re(CO)3(2,2‘-bipy)(2-pyrazinecarboxylate) were investigated by steady state and time-resolved spectroscopy. The X-ray structure of the latter compound showed that the spectator ligand 2-pyrazinecarboxylate is coordinated through the carboxylate group to Re(I). A component of the complexes' luminescence was associated with long-lived Re to ligand, 2,2‘-biquinoline or 2,2‘-bipy, charge transfer, while a fast component of the emission was associated with intraligand excited states. Quenching of the luminescence by CuCl2 involved energy transfer via dynamic and static mechanisms. The complexes in their excited states were reduced by 2,2‘,2‘ ‘-nitrilotriethanol with the formation of Re(I) ligand-radical species. Similar products were generated by the pulse radiolytic reduction of the complexes. The photochemical properties of the 2,2‘-biquinoline complexes and Re(CO)3(1,10-phen)4-nitrobenzoate are compared, and the mechanisms of their photochemical reactions are discussed.
On-road virtual reality driving simulator (2017)

For autonomous vehicles to become market ready it is important to better understand how drivers and passengers will interact with this new technology. This includes the interface design and how the vehicle's motion is perceived by the passengers. We propose a new method to evaluate this interaction, which combines simulators and on-road methods.
Through virtual reality, participants can experience what it is like to drive in an autonomous vehicle. They are seated on the passenger of a regular vehicle, which is operated by the experimenter. Additionally, they can indicate steering motions through a steering wheel in front of them.
This method allows for a rapid prototyping approach in autonomous vehicle design. The integration of virtual reality in a real car allows for a realistic and immersive experience while being cost-effective.
A preliminary validation study yielded promising results and showed that the proof of concept implementation of the system can immerse the participants in a virtual driving scenario. The realism of the system was convincing enough to evoke reflexive behaviors in some test participants in response to the environment. Thus, the results from this study were promising however, further research needs to be done to fully validate this method.
Chinese text-line detection from web videos with fully convolutional networks (2018)

In recent years, video becomes the dominant resource of information on the Web, where the text within video usually carries significant semantic information. Video text extraction and recognition plays an essential role in web multimedia understanding and retrieval for big visual data analytics and applications. To deal with challenging backgrounds and embedding noises, most conventional approaches usually tend to design sophisticated pre-processing and post-progressing steps before and after text detection. In this paper, we present a simple yet powerful pipeline that directly and uniformly detects Chinese text lines for embedded captions from web videos. In this Chinese text-line detection system, a fully convolutional network with local context is adopted to localize via an end-to-end learning way. The produced caption predictions are with the word level that could be directly fed into the character classifier. Text-line construction is then performed by heuristic strategies. A variety of experiments are conducted on several real-world web video datasets and demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method. The proposed system can directly detect the English word and Chinese characters in the caption text-lines without word or character segmentation with the high performance on real-world web video datasets.
Photolysis of poly(<i>p</i>‐methylstyrene) (1973)

Abstract Poly( p ‐methylstyrene) films have been irradiated with 253.7‐nm radiation under high vacuum at 25°C. The main reaction product is hydrogen, but methane and traces of ethane and monomer were also detected. The quantum yield for H 2 production (6 × 10 ‐2 ) is considerably greater than that for polystyrene photolysis indicating that both α‐CH bonds undergo fission. Solubility measurements also indicated the participation by the p ‐methyl group. Main‐chain conjugation and coloration occur and are attributable to hydrogen abstraction from the β‐carbon atom. Cyclohexadienyl compounds are also formed and are presumably associated with crosslinking involving addition to the benzene ring. The mechanisms of photochemical and photophysical processes are discussed.
Action potentials, afterpotentials, and arrhythmias. (1977)

Triggered activity must be added to spontaneous activity and to circus movement as a cause for extrasystoles and tachycardias of either atrial or ventricular origin. The activity of a triggerable focus requires phase 4 depolarization caused by an afterpotential; this distinguishes it from the activity seen in circus movement. A triggerable focus becomes rhythmically active only if driven at a critical rate or by a critically timed premature impulse; this distinguishes it from a focus of spontaneous or automatic activity. The ease of triggering a triggerable focus increases in the presence of catecholamines; triggerable foci in the atrium become quiescent when exposed to acetylcholine. At the present time, fibers within the coronary sinus provide the most persuasive example of triggered activity as a possible cause of arrhythmias of clinical significance. It is possible that the coupled extrasystoles of digitalis toxicity may be triggered; there is every reason to believe that further examples of triggered arrhythmias of possible clinical significance will be discovered.
Optical properties of ultrafine gold particles (1977)

We have prepared spherical and individually isolated gold particles with median diameters in the interval 3 to 4 nm and log-normal size distribution by evaporation in a few Torr of air. The volume fraction of metal was typically 0.3%. Highly reproducible optical transmittance in the range 0.3 to 4 \ensuremath{\mu}m was recorded provided the deposits (onto glass substrates) were sufficiently thin to prevent coagulation into large aggregates. A large transmittance minimum was always found at about 0.6 \ensuremath{\mu}m, whereas the samples were practically transparent at wavelengths above 1.5 \ensuremath{\mu}m. To interpret the measurements we have performed extensive computer calculations based on the effective-medium theories by Maxwell-Garnett (as extended by Polder and van Santen), Bruggeman, and by Hunderi. These theories are indistinguishable in the limit of small filling factors. As input data we have used bulk results, for which the Drude part was modified to account for a size-limited electron mean free path assuming diffuse boundary scattering. The calculated wavelength-dependent transmittances displayed a minimum whose distinctness was strongly dependent on the median particle diameter, whereas the distribution width or shape played a subordinate role. The computed results could be brought into fair agreement with the experiments provided we invoked an apparent plasma frequency for the particles which was lower than the bulk value and an effective sample thickness of the order of twice the measured one. To explain the meaning of this seemingly ad hoc procedure we have calculated (using unshifted plasma frequencies and sample thicknesses) the effects of a dielectric coating on the particles and of deviations from nonspherical shapes. Neither can be reconciled with all the experimental evidence. We finally considered the role of dipole-dipole coupling which is significant despite the small filling factors because the gas evaporated particles must be touching. This interaction is accounted for approximately by a set of effective depolarization factors pertaining to each of a number of well-defined geometrical configurations of spheres. Assuming the deposits to consist of a mixture of close-packed clusters, infinite linear chains, and independent single particles (i.e., by use of two adjustable parameters solely, whose magnitudes were supported by electron micrographs), we were able to reproduce the experimental transmittance data to within a few percent over the entire wavelength interval. The remaining deviations were presumably caused by our simplified treatment of the dipole-dipole interaction, and hence there appears to be no effects due to size quantizations.
The European Corn Borer, Pyrausta Nubilalis (Hubn.), and Its Principal Host Plant III Toxic Factors Influencing Larval Establishment1 (1957)

That plant tissues may contain substances which are toxic to insects is well known. The insecticidal effectiveness of plant-derived materials such as rotenone, pyrethrums, nicotine, and many others, testifies to both the existence and the potency of such biological compounds. The role that toxic plant products might play in the resistance of a given plant toward infestation by insects has not been investigated to any great extent. In a few instances, however, some degree of correlation has been shown between host plant resistance and the presence of deleterious substances in the plant tissues (reviewed by Painter (1951) Kuhn and Low (1955)).
The In Vitro Interaction of<i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>with Human Pharyngeal Cells Induces a Phage-Encoded Extracellular DNase (2002)

The role lysogenic bacteriophage play in the pathogenesis of the host bacterium is poorly understood. In a previous study, we found that streptococcal coculture with human pharyngeal cells resulted in the induction of lysogenic bacteriophage as well as the phage-associated streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SpeC). In this study, we have determined that in addition to SpeC induction, a number of other streptococcal proteins are also released by the bacteria during coculture with pharyngeal cells. Among these, we identified and characterized a novel 27-kDa secreted protein. Sequence analysis of this novel protein demonstrated it to be encoded by the same lysogenic bacteriophage which harbors speC. Protein sequence analysis revealed varied homologies with several streptococcal DNases. Further biochemical characterization of the recombinantly expressed protein verified it to be a divalent cation-dependent streptococcal phage-encoded DNase (Spd1). Although functionally distinct, SpeC and Spd1 are associated by a number of parameters, including genetic proximity and transcriptional regulation. Finally, we speculate on the induction of phage-encoded DNase (Spd1) enhancing the fitness of both bacteria and phage.