gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement and implementation of keyword programming (2010)

There are a lot of works for software development to mine snippets of code from a large corpus. A new technique, keyword programming is very different from those related works. The input keywords are free from type restriction and this technique generates new code. Because of not requiring a large corpus, it is useful for small projects just started. Our main contributions for this keyword programming are improvement of algorithm so that it outputs multiple candidates rather than one, sorted in the order based on their evaluation taking a frequency of use into account. We have implemented these ideas as Eclipse' s plug-in. We have experimented with this tool and the results show that this tool is more useful than the existing tool.
Sensing pulverized material mixture proportions by resonant cavity measurements (1998)

Based on differences in the permittivity of coal and limestone rock, a resonant cavity measurement technique is presented for the rapid determination of the proportions of coal and limestone in powdered mixtures. The ratio of the resonant frequency shift and the change in the transmission factor when mixed coal and limestone samples are inserted into the cavity provides a means for estimating the percentage of coal in the mixture relatively independent of the bulk density of the mixture. The technique might be developed for rapid tests of dust in coal mines to determine whether the 65% noncombustible content requirement is being met for prevention of coal mine explosions.
Enhancement of near-UV GaN LED light extraction efficiency by GaN/sapphire template patterning (2012)

We present near-UV GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on patterned GaN/sapphire templates with improved material quality and light extraction efficiency. Enhancement of light extraction efficiency is attributed to voids generated at the GaN/sapphire interface. The sidewall inclination angle of the voids can be controlled from nearly vertical (∼ 85°) to fully inclined (∼ 60°) by changing the initial patterning dimensions. Light extraction efficiency and material quality improve with a decreasing void sidewall angle. A 20% increase in the light output is observed at 20 mA of input current for LED structures with ∼60° inclined sidewall voids.
Vision and RFID-based person tracking in crowds from a mobile robot (2009)

This paper deals with the tracking of persons in a human cluttered environment. It is performed by an active perception system, consisting of a camera mounted on a pan-tilt unit and a 360° RFID detection system which are embedded on a mobile robot. Particle filters enable the fusion of heterogeneous data into the proposal distribution from which the particles are sampled. The information provided by the tracker is then used to build sensor-based dedicated control laws in order to make the robot follow the RFID tagged person. Finally, experiments on our mobile robot are presented in order to highlight the relevance and complementarity of the developed perceptual functions.
Studies on Tocopherols. II. Convenient Synthesis of Tocopherols (1980)

A convenient synthesis of tocopherols from methylbenzoquinone and isoprenyl alcohol in high yield is described. 2In recent years, tocopherol ( vitamin E ) as the biological antioxidant and free radical scavenger in lipid peroxidation have received considerable attention in both chemical reactivity studies and investigations for clinical and nutritional
PPP1CA contributes to the senescence program induced by oncogenic Ras (2007)

Ectopic expression of conditional murine p53 (p53val135) and oncogenic ras is enough to induce a senescent-like growth arrest at the restrictive temperature. We took advantage of this cellular system to identify new key players in the ras/p53-induced senescence. Applying a retroviral-based genetic screen, we obtained an antisense RNA fragment against PPP1CA, the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1alpha, whose loss of function bypasses ras/p53-induced growth arrest and senescence. Expression of a specific short hairpin (sh)RNA against PPP1CA impairs the p53-dependent induction of p21 after DNA damage and blocks the subsequent pRb dephosphorylation, thus bypassing p53-induced arrest. We found that oncogenic ras promotes an increase in the intracellular level of ceramides together with an increase in the PPP1CA protein levels. Addition of soluble ceramide to the cells induced a senescence phenotype that is blocked through PPP1CA downregulation by specific shRNA. Analysis of human tumors suggests that one of the PPP1CA alleles might be lost in a high percentage of carcinomas such as kidney and colorectal. The overexpression of two out of five PPP1CA alternative spliced variants reduced tumor cell growth and the downregulation of the protein to hemizygosity increased the anchorage-independent growth. We propose that oncogenic stress induced by ras causes ceramide accumulation, therefore, increasing PPP1CA activity, pRb dephosphorylation and onset of the p53-induced arrest, contributing to tumor suppression.
Genetic and Molecular Basis of Individual Differences in Human Umami Taste Perception (2009)

Umami taste (corresponds to savory in English) is elicited by L-glutamate, typically as its Na salt (monosodium glutamate: MSG), and is one of five basic taste qualities that plays a key role in intake of amino acids. A particular property of umami is the synergistic potentiation of glutamate by purine nucleotide monophosphates (IMP, GMP). A heterodimer of a G protein coupled receptor, TAS1R1 and TAS1R3, is proposed to function as its receptor. However, little is known about genetic variation of TAS1R1 and TAS1R3 and its potential links with individual differences in umami sensitivity. Here we investigated the association between recognition thresholds for umami substances and genetic variations in human TAS1R1 and TAS1R3, and the functions of TAS1R1/TAS1R3 variants using a heterologous expression system. Our study demonstrated that the TAS1R1-372T creates a more sensitive umami receptor than -372A, while TAS1R3-757C creates a less sensitive one than -757R for MSG and MSG plus IMP, and showed a strong correlation between the recognition thresholds and in vitro dose-response relationships. These results in human studies support the propositions that a TAS1R1/TAS1R3 heterodimer acts as an umami receptor, and that genetic variation in this heterodimer directly affects umami taste sensitivity.
In vitro activities of acridone alkaloids against Pneumocystis carinii (1991)

Acridone alkaloids isolated from plants of the family Rutaceae have antiplasmodial activity in rodent models of malaria. Because a variety of antimalarial agents have also been shown to have activity against Pneumocystis carinii, we tested six of these alkaloids in an established culture model for P. carinii. Atalaphillinine and glycobismine A inhibited growth of cultured P. carinii at concentrations of 2.7 and 1.7 microM, respectively. This potency of effect is similar to that of chloroquine (3 microM) but somewhat less than that of primaquine (0.4 microM), which was previously evaluated in the same system.
Freestanding optical fibers fabricated in a glass chip using femtosecond laser micromachining for lab-on-a-chip application (2005)

We describe the fabrication of freestanding optical fibers in a glass chip by femtosecond laser three-dimensional (3D) micro-machining. The process has mainly four steps: (1) femtosecond laser scanning of the areas surrounding the fibers; (2) postan-nealing of the sample for the modification of the exposed areas; (3) chemical etching of the sample for the selective removal of the modified areas; and (4) second postannealing for smoothening the surfaces of the fibers. The measured optical loss of the fibers is approximately 0.7dB/cm. Integrating the freestanding fibers with 3D micromirrors is also demonstrated, enabling functions such as light folding or splitting in the glass chips. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the freestanding fibers can be incorporated into a microfluidic circuit for on-chip biophotonic applications.
Accidental Success with Carbamazepine for Psoriatic Erythroderma (1996)

A review article on hip fracture (June 6 issue) 1 is certainly welcome. The diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis and the assessment of risk factors and prevention of falls are not only critical if we are to decrease the incidence of first hip fractures, but also important in patients who have already had a fracture. The risk of a second hip fracture is increased two-to threefold in these patients, and the risk of fractures at other sites is also increased.
A 'neural' A/D converter utilizing Schmitt trigger (2002)

Theoretical considerations are presented regarding the stability and the physical realizability of a new A/D converter based on the Hopfield neural network. The equivalent circuit made and described by M.J.S. Smith and C.L. Portmann (1989) is analyzed in order to solve the problem in a different way. The authors adopt the same circuit scheme realized with Schmitt triggers, but modifying their hysteresis and thresholds in an appropriate manner. The role played by the amplifier response time is widely illustrated, and the network theoretical behavior is analyzed. A proof that validates the correct operation of the circuits is reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Frequency-shaped sliding mode control of an electrohydraulic servo-motor (1999)

Abstract A frequency-shaped sliding mode control (SMC) scheme that utilizes a classical filtering theory is applied to a positioning system of an electrohydraulic servo-motor with long transmission lines. It is shown that the chattering phenomenon can be fully suppressed by the scheme used regardless of the existence of a number of unmodelled dynamics. However, it is also shown that, in the case of the frequency-shaped SMC scheme used, the disturbance does not satisfy the matching condition regarding the augmented system consisting of the plant and filter and that the frequency-shaped SMC scheme does not have enough robustness to steady disturbances. A revision is made to the frequency-shaped SMC scheme used in order to enhance the robustness to steady disturbances. A high robustness of the revised frequency-shaped SMC scheme is demonstrated by experiment.
Removal of scattered surface waves using multicomponent seismic data (1996)

Abstract In many exploration areas, the shallow subsurface is strongly heterogeneous. The heterogeneities can give rise to scattering of surface waves. These scattered waves can depreciate the quality of land seismic data when they mask the body-wave reflections from the deeper part of the subsurface. Surface waves scattered near a line of receivers (inline-scattered waves) can be removed by well-known filtering techniques (see e.g., Yilmaz, 1987, section 1.6.2). However, surface waves scattered far from the receiver line (crossline-scattered waves) are left intact partially by filtering because these waves can resemble body-wave reflections. In previous papers, we have discussed an inverse scattering method for removing scattered surface waves from simulated data (Blonk and Herman, 1994), as well as from field data (Blonk et al., 1995). So far, we have limited our attention to the vertical components of the particle velocity which implies that surface waves and body-wave reflections can be distinguished on the basis of their respective differences in phase velocity.
Activation of adenylate cyclase by the diterpene forskolin does not require the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. (1981)

Forskolin, a novel diterpene activator of adenylate cyclase in membranes and intact cells, activates the enzyme in membranes from mutant cyc-S49 murine lymphoma cells and the soluble enzyme from rat testes. Each of these enzymes consists only of the catalytic subunit and does not have a functional guanine nucleotide-binding protein. In both cases forskolin converts the manganese-dependent enzymes to a form which does not require manganese for activity. Forskolin can also stimulate a detergent-solubilized preparation of adenylate cyclase from rat cerebral cortex. Activation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin is therefore not dependent on a perturbation of membrane structure nor does it require a functional guanine nucleotide-binding subunit.
Extensive protein hydrolyzation is indispensable to prevent IgE-mediated poultry allergen recognition in dogs and cats (2017)

Altogether, these results suggest that an extensive-but not partial-hydrolyzation of the poultry feather extract is necessary to prevent the recognition of allergenic epitopes by poultry-specific IgE.
A Convenient Method for the Preparation of Racemic Nicotine (1982)

Abstract Early studies, in which the first resolution of racemic nicotine was accomplished showed2 that 1-nicotine, the principal alkaloid of tobacco, was acutely less toxic than d-nicotine in limited mammalian tests. Later studies3,4 have generally confirmed this, and some investigators suggest that the physiological effects of d-nicotine may, to some extent, oppose the effects of 1-nicotine, although this matter has been debated. It has been reported5 that racemization of 1-nicotine during the course of tobacco smoking leads to the transfer of significant quantities of d-nicotine into the mainstream of cigarette smoke. Where d,1-nicotine has been employed in insecticidal studies, data indicate6 that d-nicotine-has alethality equal to that of the-1-isomer. These species differences in response to nicotine antipodes and recent evidence of a central stereospecific nicotine receptor7,8 have stimulated inter estin efficient routes to the attainment of large quantities of-d-nicotine.
What is apoptosis, and why is it important? Education and debate (2001)

Philosophers have spent many centuries searching for the meaning of life, but in recent decades cell biologists have become even more fascinated by the meaning of death. Apoptosis describes the orchestrated collapse of a cell characterised by membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, condensation of chromatin, and fragmentation of DNA followed by rapid engulfment of the corpse by neighbouring cells. It is distinguished from death by necrosis by the absence of an associated inflammatory response. These observations were made by Kerr et al as early as 1972,1 but their importance was underestimated for many years. Today, however, apoptosis is implicated in biological processes ranging from embryogenesis to ageing, from normal tissue homoeostasis to many human diseases, and it has become one of the hottest fields of biomedical research.

#### Summary points

Apoptosis is a genetically regulated form of cell death

It has a role in biological processes, including embryogenesis, ageing, and many diseases

The molecular mechanisms involved in death signals, genetic regulation, activation of effectors have been identified

Many existing treatments (such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and anticancer treatments) act through apoptosis

New treatments aimed at modifying apoptosis are being developed and are likely to be used to manage common diseases in the next decade

The term apoptosis is often used interchangeably with programmed cell death. In the strictest sense, programmed cell death may …
Aircraft Fuel Systems (2009)

Abstract Aircraft Fuel Systems covers all aspects of the subject from the refuel source to the delivery of fuel to the engine or engines for both commercial and military aircraft including: The refuel/defuel process and associated fuel storage issues All aspects of fuel handling, fuel transfer and fuel feed systems Fuel measurement and management systems Aerial refueling systems Fuel properties and fuel system components Design practices associated with the protection of fuel systems from electromagnetic, electrostatic and lighting strike hazards Fuel tank inerting systems In addition the book describes the design, development and certification process including program management, risk management and mitigation and the application of modern design support tools. The penultimate chapter contains several real world examples of aircraft fuel systems and the book concludes with a discussion of new and future technologies.
Formulation of Closed-Loop Min–Max MPC as a Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Program (2007)

In this note, we show that min-max model predictive control (MPC) for linearly constrained polytopic systems with quadratic cost can be cast as a quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP). We use the rigorous closed loop formulation of min-max MPC, and show that any such min-max MPC problem with convex costs and constraints can be cast as a finite dimensional convex optimization problem, with the QCQP arising from quadratic costs as a special case. At the base of the proof is a lemma showing the convexity of the dynamic programming cost-to-go, which implies that the worst case on an infinite polytopic set is assumed on one of its finitely many vertices. As the approach is based on a scenario tree formulation, the number of variables in this problem grows exponentially with the horizon length. Fortunately, the QCQP is tree structured, and can thus be efficiently solved by specially tailored interior-point methods whose computational costs are linear in the number of variables. The new formulation as a tree sparse QCQP promises to facilitate online solution of the rigorous min-max MPC problem with quadratic costs
Prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy by the small-molecule inhibitor pifithrin-μ (2015)

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of cancer treatment. It is the most frequent cause of dose reduction or treatment discontinuation in patients treated for cancer with commonly used drugs including taxanes and platinum-based compounds. No FDA-approved treatments for CIPN are available. In rodents, CIPN is represented by peripheral mechanical allodynia in association with retraction of intraepidermal nerve fibers. The mechanism of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is unclear, but it has been established that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important component of the dysregulation in peripheral sensory neurons. We have shown earlier that inhibition of mitochondrial p53 accumulation with the small compound pifithrin-μ (PFT-μ) prevents cerebral neuronal death in a rodent model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. We now explore whether PFT-μ is capable of preventing neuronal mitochondrial damage and CIPN in mice. We demonstrate for the first time that PFT-μ prevents both paclitaxel- and cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia. Electron microscopic analysis of peripheral sensory nerves revealed that PFT-μ secured mitochondrial integrity in paclitaxel-treated mice. In addition, PFT-μ administration protects against chemotherapy-induced loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers in the paw. To determine whether neuroprotective treatment with PFT-μ would interfere with the antitumor effects of chemotherapy, ovarian tumor cells were cultured in vitro with PFT-μ and paclitaxel. Pifithrin-μ does not inhibit tumor cell death but even enhances paclitaxel-induced tumor cell death. These data are the first to identify PFT-μ as a potential therapeutic strategy for prevention of CIPN to combat one of the most devastating side effects of chemotherapy.
Threshold and grayscale stability of Microcup electronic paper (2004)

Plastic passive matrix (PM) and active matrix (AM) electronic paper displays (EPDs) have been prepared by SiPix’s Microcup roll-to-roll manufacturing processes using ITO/PET films. The Microcup displays have shown outstanding environmental stability and excellent physico-mechanical properties such as scratch, impact and flexure resistances even in high temperature and humidity conditions. A PMEPD recently prepared on inexpensive row-and-column patterned ITO/PET films has shown a contrast ratio of ≥10, t<sub>on</sub> ≤30 msec at ≤40 V, and a threshold voltage of ≥15 V. More than 8 levels of grayscale with outstanding bistability have been demonstrated by either pulse width or pulse count modulation. No noticeable degradation of the mid-tone images has been observed even after the power was turned off for more than 5 days. Moreover, the electro-optical responses, particularly the threshold voltage and gamma of the PMEPDs remain essentially the same within a wide range (20-60°C) of operation temperature.
NTCA: A High-Performance Network Traffic Classification Architecture (2013)

Internet traffic classifications have developed several methods for identifying types of application, which have advantages in certain types of network traffic. However, these methods are powerless to measure the network traffic with dynamic port, encrypted payloads, mixing traffic, and real-time traffic. In response to the growing requirements of traffic classification for increasingly complex network environment, this paper introduces network traffic classification architecture (NTCA) with high performance. By combining port-based, signature string matching, regular expression matching, and machine learning methods, NTCA achieves high speed and accuracy traffic classification. The experimental results show that our proposed method is able to achieve over 95.0% in average accuracy for all testing traces.
How arts training improves attention and cognition (2009)

Does education in the arts transfer to seemingly unrelated cognitive abilities? Researchers in the US are finding evidence that it does. This paper argues that when children find an art form that sustains their interest, the subsequent strengthening of their brains’ attention networks can improve cognition more broadly.
Toll-Like Receptor 5 Stimulation Protects Mice from Acute <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Colitis (2011)

Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming bacterium that infects the lower intestinal tract of humans and is the most common known cause of diarrhea among hospitalized patients. Clostridium difficile colitis is mediated by toxins and develops during or following antibiotic administration. We have used a murine model of C. difficile infection, which reproduces the major features of the human disease, to study the effect of innate immune activation on resistance to C. difficile infection. We found that administration of purified Salmonella-derived flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist, protects mice from C. difficile colitis by delaying C. difficile growth and toxin production in the colon and cecum. TLR5 stimulation significantly improves pathological changes in the cecum and colon of C. difficile-infected mice and reduces epithelial cell loss. Flagellin treatment reduces epithelial apoptosis in the large intestine, thereby protecting the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier during C. difficile infection. We demonstrate that restoring intestinal innate immune tone by TLR stimulation in antibiotic-treated mice ameliorates intestinal inflammation and prevents death from C. difficile colitis, potentially providing an approach to prevent C. difficile-induced pathology.