gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Molecular Scale Electronics (1998)

ABSTRACT: This paper describes four significant breakthroughs in the syntheses and testing of molecular scale electronic devices. The 16‐mer of oligo (2‐dodecylphenylene ethynylene) was prepared on Merrifield's resin using the iterative divergent/convergent approach which significantly streamlines the preparation of this molecular scale wire. The formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and multilayers on gold surfaces of rigid rod conjugated oligomers that have thiol, α,ω‐dithiol, thioacetyl, or α,ω‐dithioacetyl end groups have been studied. The direct observation of charge transport through molecules of benzene‐1,4‐dithiol, which have been self‐assembled onto two facing gold electrodes, has been achieved. Finally, we are reporting initial studies into what effect varying the molecular alligator clip has on the molecular scale wire's conductivity.
Treatment of<i>Acinetobacter</i>Infections (2010)

Acinetobacter baumannii remains an important and difficult-to-treat pathogen whose resistance patterns result in significant challenges for the clinician. Despite the prevalence and interest in A. baumannii infections, there is relatively limited well-controlled scientific data to help the clinician select optimal empirical and subsequent targeted therapy for a variety of infections. We will review the currently available antimicrobial agents and discuss the clinical data supporting the use of the various agents.
Implicit color segmentation features for pedestrian and object detection (2009)

We investigate the problem of pedestrian detection in still images. Sliding window classifiers, notably using the Histogram-of-Gradient (HOG) features proposed by Dalal and Triggs are the state-of-the-art for this task, and we base our method on this approach. We propose a novel feature extraction scheme which computes implicit `soft segmentations' of image regions into foreground/background. The method yields stronger object/background edges than gray-scale gradient alone, suppresses textural and shading variations, and captures local coherence of object appearance. The main contributions of our work are: (i) incorporation of segmentation cues into object detection; (ii) integration with classifier learning cf. a post-processing filter; (iii) high computational efficiency. We report results on the INRIA person detection dataset, achieving state-of-the-art results considerably exceeding those of the original HOG detector. Preliminary results for generic object detection on the PASCAL VOC2006 dataset also show substantial improvements in accuracy.
In vivo dynamics of regulatory T-cell trafficking and survival predict effective strategies to control graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic transplantation (2006)

Abstract CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress immune responses to alloantigens. The in vivo circulation and tissue localization of Tregs during an adaptive immune response remain unclear. We noninvasively tracked luciferase-expressing Tregs over time in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant model and demonstrated colocalization with effector T cells and initial expansion in secondary lymphoid organs before migration into inflamed tissues. Inflammation induced by irradiation and the allogeneic setting provided crucial stimuli for early Treg expansion and migration, leading to parallel reduction of effector T-cell proliferation in lymphoid organs and peripheral tissues. Treg transplants conferred long-term protection from systemic inflammatory challenge consistent with Treg in vivo survival. Suppression occurred during multiple phases of inflammation, but is optimal in the initial phase, providing protection from graft-versus-host disease while maintaining the graft-versus-tumor effect even at physiologic doses of Tregs due to their in vivo expansion, hence overcoming a major barrier to potential clinical applications of Tregs given their rarity.
Aby Warburg e il dramma barocco (2019)

Analogies, contaminations and assonances between certain aspects of the thought of Aby Warburg and Walter Benjamin are still at the center of the contemporary theoretical debate. In the absence of tangible and documented exchanges, the similarities between the two scholars can be found in the structure of their most original and significant works, the Atlas of Memory and the Passagen-Werk, and in the adoption of the fragment as a conceptual language. Of particular interest is the reflection on baroque which, for both scholars, involves the relation with the ancient tragedy and the modern drama.
A novel design for content delivery over software defined mobile social networks (2015)

With the rapid development of mobile communication technologies, various kinds of content can be delivered among mobile users for content sharing. Due to the complexity of networks and particular features of mobile behaviors, to manage networks efficiently, SDMSNs are advocated where the control plane and data plane can work separately but cooperatively. In this article we outline how to deliver mobile content over SDMSNs. We first design the flow table based on the social features including social tie, mobility, and community. Then a novel social switch is introduced to deliver content among mobile users by using the proposed social degree and social stay time. In addition, the process of content delivery is presented according to different scenarios, and extensive experiments are given to prove the efficiency of this approach.
Traffic characteristics of the T1 NSFNET backbone (2002)

The results of a measurement study of the T1 NSFNET backbone are presented. The measurement environment and the approach to data collection are discussed. Measurements results are then presented for: long-term growth in traffic volume, including attribution to domains and protocols; trends in average packet size on the network, over both long- and medium-term intervals; most popular sources, destinations, and site pairs; traffic locality; international distribution of traffic; mean utilization statistics of the overall backbone as well as of specific links of interest: and delay statistics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interleukin 4 signals through two related pathways. (1995)

The interleukin 4 (IL-4) signaling pathway involves activation, by tyrosine phosphorylation, of two distinct substrates, a signal-transducing factor (STF-IL4) and the IL-4-induced phosphotyrosine substrate (4PS). It is not known whether the IL-4-mediated activation of these substrates occurs via related or distinct signaling pathways. We report that 32D cells, an IL-3-dependent myeloid progenitor cell line in which no phosphorylated 4PS is found, activate high levels of STF-IL4 in response to IL-4. Consistent with the known requirement for 4PS or insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in IL-4-mediated mitogenesis, activation of STF-IL4 in 32D cells is not sufficient for IL-4-inducible c-myc expression. In addition, we have examined the ability of 32D cells transfected with different truncation mutants of the human IL-4 receptor to activate Jak-3 kinase and STF-IL4 in response to human IL-4. As in the case of 4PS/IRS-1, we have found that activation of both Jak-3 and STF-IL4 requires the presence of the IL-4 receptor region comprising aa 437-557. The finding that the same region of the IL-4 receptor is required for the induction of both 4PS/IRS-1 and STF-IL4 suggests that the IL-4-stimulated activation of these two substrates might involve common factors.
Short-circuit dissipation of static CMOS circuitry and its impact on the design of buffer circuits (1984)

A simple formula is derived for quick calculation of the maximum short-circuit dissipation of static CMOS circuits. A detailed discussion of this short-circuit dissipation is given based on the behavior of the inverter when loaded with different capacitances. It was found that if each inverter of a string is designed in such a way that the input and output rise and fall times are equal, the short-circuit dissipation will be much less than the dynamic dissipation (<20%). This result has been applied to a practical design of a CMOS driving circuit (buffer), which is commonly built up of a string of inverters. An expression has also been derived for a tapering factor between two successive inverters of such a string to minimize parasitic power dissipation. Finally, it is concluded that optimization in terms of power dissipation leads to a better overall performance (in terms of speed, power, and area) than is possible by minimization of the propagation delay.
Rat myoblastic sarcoma cell lines. A model for the study of invasion, metastasis, and myogenic differentiation. (1994)

This rat myoblastic sarcoma model may prove useful for in vivo and in vitro studies of the metastatic potential of tumor cells. This model also lends itself to studies of the relation between invasive or metastatic potential and differentiation since the steps of myogenic differentiation are well known.
Volatile composition of raw spirits of different botanical origin (2012)

The main purpose of the research was to determine the volatile composition of raw spirits, on the basis of trace compound isolation from their volatile fraction, as well as a comparison of the obtained volatile profiles of agricultural distillates of different botanical origins (maize, wheat, triticale, rye). This approach was chosen to improve methods of quality control and quality assurance in the spirit industry. Volatile composition of all raw spirit samples derived from different raw materials (rye, triticale, maize and wheat) were formed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Performed studies indicated the presence of over 100 compounds in the raw spirit volatile fraction. The richest volatile profile was obtained from samples produced from wheat and the poorest from those produced from corn. Moreover, on the basis of performed discriminant analysis (using the variables 2-methylbutanol + 3-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutyl hexanoate, ethyl dodecanoate, ethyl heptanoate and 3-methylbutyl octanoate), it was possible to distinguish between agricultural distillates originating from triticale and distillates produced from wheat. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Lipid Bilayers:  Intrinsic and Environmental Contributions to Their Unique Physical Properties (2001)

Polyunsaturated lipids are an essential component of biological membranes, influencing order and dynamics of lipids, protein-lipid interaction, and membrane transport properties. To gain an atomic level picture of the impact of polyunsaturation on membrane properties, quantum mechanical (QM) and empirical force field based calculations have been undertaken. The QM calculations of the torsional energy surface for rotation about vinyl-methylene bonds reveal low barriers to rotation, indicating an intrinsic propensity toward flexibility. Based on QM and experimental data, empirical force field parameters were developed for polyunsaturated lipids and applied in a 16 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of a 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glyerco-3-phosphocholine (SDPC) lipid bilayer. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data, suggesting an unusually high degree of conformational flexibility of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon chains in membranes. The detailed analysis of chain conformation and dynamics by simulations is aiding the interpretation of experimental data and is useful for understanding the unique role of polyunsaturated lipids in biological membranes. The complete force field is included as Supporting Information and is available from http://www.pharmacy.umaryland.edu/faculty/amackere/research.html.
A "hybrid" method for measuring myocardial wall thickening from gated PET/SPECT images. (1997)

Use of the hybrid index instead of conventional count-based or geometric indices should improve the classification of normal/abnormal wall thickening values in gated SPECT and PET.
Money and Output: Correlation or Causality? (1992)

At the center of monetary economics is a puzzling observation: innovations (unexpected surges) in the nation&apos;s total supply of money are historically correlated with innovations in real out-put Standard monetary economics can easily explain why an increase in the number of dollars will increase the prices of goods and thus nominal out-put, the dollar value of the economy&apos;s production. But why should the numher of nearly ficti-tious items called dollars be linked to the amount of real goods produced by workers and machines? Can dollars make workers more intelligent or reduce the breakdown of machinery? The question is of interest to policymakers as well as academics The Federal Reserve System
Characterization of Normal and Waxy Corn Starch for Bioethanol Production (2012)

Objectives of this study were to compare ethanol production between normal and waxy corn using a cold fermentation process and to understand effects of starch structures and properties on ethanol production. Ethanol yields positively correlated (p < 0.01) with starch contents of kernels of the normal and waxy corn. The average starch-ethanol conversion efficiency of waxy corn (93.0%) was substantially greater than that of normal corn (88.2%). Waxy corn starch consisted of very little amylose and mostly amylopectin that had a shorter average branch chain length than normal corn amylopectin. Regression analyses showed that average amylopectin branch chain lengths and percentage of long branch chains (DP > 37) of waxy corn starch negatively correlated with the starch hydrolysis rate and the ethanol yield. These results indicated that starch structures and properties of the normal and waxy corn had significant effects on the ethanol yield using a cold fermentation process.
The testes‐specific bZip type transcription factor <i>Tisp40</i> plays a role in ER stress responses and chromatin packaging during spermiogenesis (2006)

We previously reported that the spermatid-specific transcription factor Tisp40 functions through UPRE and CRE. To investigate Tisp40 function in vivo, we generated TISP40(-/-) mice. TISP40(-/-) mice were born at expected ratios, were healthy, and mutant males bred normally. However, the ER stress-response protein Grp78/BiP accumulated in the TISP40(-/-) testis and RAMP4 (Ribosome-associated membrane protein 4) mRNA level was up-regulated. Disruption of TISP40 caused ER stress and activation of caspase 12 but not caspase 9, leading to apoptosis of meiotic/postmeiotic germ cells. On the other hand, DAPI staining and electron microscopy revealed that epididymal sperm nuclei were abnormally relaxed in the TISP40(-/-) testis, a phenotype that was independent of the expression and maturation of transition proteins and protamines but due to abnormally retained histones. Histones localized to the cytoplasm as well as to the nucleus and were also retained in epididymal sperm. Histones H2A and H4 were dramatically up-regulated and the acetylation of H2A, H2B and H4 was also enhanced in the TISP40(-/-) testis. Taken together, we conclude that Tisp40 plays an important role in the unfolded protein response of the testis and in regulating the maturation of sperm head nuclei.
Elovl4 mRNA distribution in the developing mouse retina and phylogenetic conservation of Elovl4 genes. (2003)

Elovl4 expression in developing retina follows a dynamic pattern. It switches from predominant ganglion cell expression in embryonic and early postnatal development to predominant expression in the photoreceptor inner segments in later stages. Phylogenetic analysis reveals strong conservation of Elovl4 among different species throughout the vertebrate subphylum consistent with our hypothesis that ELOVL4 performs a fundamentally important function.
Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia: a study of four probands and the kindred of three. (1984)

We investigated four probands, and the kindred of three, with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia, using the one- and two-step tests for free thyroxin and other thyroid-function tests. The results indicate that this is an autosomal dominant trait. The discovery of eight cases in our patient population, which represents about 4% of our hyperthyroxinemic patients (8/320), during eight months indicates that this aberration is more common than suspected. Its importance lies in the misinterpretation of test results and the consequent inappropriate treatment for thyrotoxicosis.
Fractionation of minor elements between galena and sphalerite, Darwin lead-silver-zinc mine, Inyo County, California and its significance in geothermometry (1971)

Minor element abundances were determined for galena and sphalerite from the Darwin mine, Inyo County, California. The temperature of deposition was calculated from the distribution coefficients determined experimentally by Bethke and Barton (1971) for cadmium and manganese in coexisting galena and sphalerite. The fractionation of cadmium between coexisting sphalerite and galena indicates a temperature of deposition of 416 degrees C+ or -20 degrees , the fractionation of manganese between the same mineral pair a temperature of 377 degrees C+ or -32 degrees . The fractionation of selenium gave unreasonably high temperatures. Three pairs gave temperatures between 568 degrees and 625 degrees C, the fourth pair a temperature of 889 degrees C. The reason for this descrepancy is not known.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGH‐YIELD SYNTHESIS OF SILICON NITRIDE/SILICON CARBIDE CERAMIC MATERIALS BY PYROLYSIS OF A NOVEL POLYORGANOSILAZANE (1984)

Abstract Durch Ammonolyse von Methyldichlorsilan erhaltene Produkte, die hauptsächlich aus cyclischen Spezies (,CH3SiHNH)" bestehen, bilden unter der Wirkung des basischen Katalysators KH (in TH F) Polysilazane mit Molmassen von 600‐ 800. Z.B. könnten achtgliedrige Ringe (n =4) über slzN 2 ‐Brükken zu einem Leiter‐Polymer verknüpft werden.
Quantifying trends accurately despite classifier error and class imbalance (2006)

This paper promotes a new task for supervised machine learning research: quantification - the pursuit of learning methods for accurately estimating the class distribution of a test set, with no concern for predictions on individual cases. A variant for cost quantification addresses the need to total up costs according to categories predicted by imperfect classifiers. These tasks cover a large and important family of applications that measure trends over time.The paper establishes a research methodology, and uses it to evaluate several proposed methods that involve selecting the classification threshold in a way that would spoil the accuracy of individual classifications. In empirical tests, Median Sweep methods show outstanding ability to estimate the class distribution, despite wide disparity in testing and training conditions. The paper addresses shifting class priors and costs, but not concept drift in general.
Calcineurin inhibitors cause renal afferent activation in rats: a novel mechanism of cyclosporine-induced hypertension (2000)

Inhibition of calcineurin-mediated signaling in T lymphocytes is a major mechanism of cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced immunosuppression, and previous rat studies have suggested that inhibition of calcineurin-mediated signaling in central neuronal pools involved in blood pressure regulation plays an important role in causing acute CsA-induced hypertension. However, a central neural mechanism is difficult to reconcile with other data suggesting that CsA-induced hypertension is due to activation of renal and other subdiaphragmtic visceral afferents that reflexively increase efferent sympathetic nerve activity. Accordingly, we now have revised our hypothesis to suggest that CsA stimulates renal afferents by a calcineurin-dependent process. To test this new hypothesis, in anesthetized rats we recorded arterial pressure and multifiber afferent renal nerve activity from the cut distal end of the renal nerve before, during, and after intravenous infusion of either CsA (5 mg/kg over 20 min, n = 8), FK506 (0.15 mg/kg, n = 7), another potent calcineurin inhibitor that is structurally unrelated to CsA, or rapamycin (0.15 mg/kg, n = 4), a structural analog of FK506 that has no effect on calcineurin. We found that renal afferent discharge was increased markedly by intravenous FK506, as well as CsA, but unaffected by rapamycin (or vehicle), indicating calcineurin mediation. After infusion of either calcineurin inhibitor, afferent renal nerve activity remained elevated for up to 2 h, paralleling the prolonged increase in blood pressure. Thus, the major new conclusion of this study is that, in contrast to what has been assumed previously, calcineurin inhibitors enhance sympathetic neurotransmission by a novel action localized to visceral sensory nerve endings rather than to nerve cell bodies or central synapses. In the rat, calcineurin-dependent activation of renal afferents appears to be the primary mechanism producing the large blood-pressure-raising effect of CsA. Because the data suggest that the major side-effect of CsA and FK506--hypertension--is inexorably linked to calcineurin inhibition in extralymphoid tissue, development of agents that selectively inhibit calcineurin only in T lymphocytes could eliminate this important secondary form of hypertension.