gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assembly Language Step-by-Step: Programming with DOS and Linux with Cdrom (2000)

From the Publisher:
The bestselling guide to assembly language-now updated and expanded to include coverage of Linux.
This new edition of the bestselling guide to assembly programming now covers DOS and Linux! The Second Edition begins with a highly accessible overview of the internal operations of the Intel-based PC and systematically covers all the steps involved in writing, testing, and debugging assembly programs. 
Expert author Jeff Duntemann then presents working example programs for both the DOS and Linux operating systems using the popular free assembler NASM. He also includes valuable information on how to use procedures and macros, plus rare explanations of assembly-level coding for Linux, all of which combine to offer a comprehensive look at the complexities of assembly programming for Intel processors.
Providing you with the foundation to create executable assembly language programs, this book:
*Explains how to use NASM-IDE, a simple program editor and assembly-oriented development environment
*Details the most used elements of the 86-family instruction set
*Teaches about DEBUG, the single most useful tool you have as an assembly language programmer
*Examines the operations that machine instructions force the CPU to perform
*Discusses the process of memory addressing
*Covers coding for Linux
The CD-ROM includes:
*Net-Wide Assembler (NASM) for both DOS and Linux
*NASM-IDE, a command shell and code editor for DOS
*ALINK, a free linker for DOS programming
*All program code examples from the book
Digital signal processing in continuous time: a possibility for avoiding aliasing and reducing quantization error (2004)

The operation of digital signal processors in continuous time is discussed. It is shown that the main advantages of digital arithmetic can be maintained in such operations, while aliasing of the signal and the quantization error is avoided altogether. Continuous-time operation makes possible a smaller number of bits for a given signal-to-quantization error ratio. Simulation results are presented.
Commentary Gastrin-releasing peptide, substance P and cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

Many studies have shown that modulation of cytokine function is effective in ameliorating symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Neuropeptides have recently been shown to have powerful effects on the production and release of cytokines and have also been shown to exert potent proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of inflammatory diseases. An analysis of cytokine and neuropeptide content of synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis has revealed a significant correlation between two neuropeptides, bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide and substance P, and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 as well as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. These findings provide further evidence for a role of neuropeptides and cytokines in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as suggesting additional approaches for the development of novel therapeutic
Multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, phase III study of weekly, low dose, subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (2004)

This patient population was less clinically active than SPMS populations studied in other trials. Treatment with low dose, IFN beta-1a (Rebif) once weekly did not show any benefit in this study for either disability or relapse outcomes, including a subgroup with preceding relapses. These results add a point at one extreme of the dose-response spectrum of IFN beta therapy in MS, indicating that relapses in this phase may need treatment with higher doses than in the initial phases.
Detection of Chromosome Translocations by Bead-Based Flow Cytometry (2007)

Chromosome translocations resulting in fusion genes have been implicated in leukemogenesis. The paradigm involves the fusion of the genes encoding BCR and ABL, leading to a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. The detection of BCR-ABL has been limited to fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, of mRNA, and Western blot of analysis downstream effectors in the BCR-ABL activated pathway. Here, we describe a novel immunoassay that directly measures levels of BCR-ABL fusion protein and its phosphorylation in peripheral blood plasma and cell lysates. This approach has the potential for widespread application in the detection and quantitation of other fusion genes involved in hematological malignancies.
ECOG 5805: A phase II study of eribulin mesylate (E7389) in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (2010)

4556 Background: Eribulin mesylate (E7389), a synthetic analog of halichondrin B, is a novel tubulin-binding agent that inhibits cancer cell proliferation at low-nanomolar levels. Methods: In a multicenter ECOG trial, pts with progressive metastatic CRPC, ECOG 0-2 were treated with eribulin 1.4 mg/m2 as an IV bolus over 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. This noncomparative study stratified pts to either a chemonaive (CN), prior-taxane (Tax) only, or two prior cytotoxic (TCx) chemotherapy arm. The trialwas powered to detect a 50% PSA reduction using Consensus Criteria in at least 40% vs. 20% (90% power, one-sided α=0.10) for the CN stratum and 25% vs. 10% (power 87%, one-sided α=0.10) for the Tax and TCx strata. Results: In total, 119 pts received treatment of which 116 were eligible for the primary response determination in this study. Median age 70 yrs (range 45-88); median number of treatment cycles 4 (range 1-20+); ECOG 0-1 90%. As of this analysis, only one patient is still on treatment. Among the 115 eligible patients who have discontinued treatment, 82 were off treatment due to disease progression. Among eligible pts who received treatment, 65 had dose modifications (both planned and unplanned). PSA response rate in the CN strata was 24% (versus the anticipated 40% rate). Conclusions: Eribulin demonstrated activity in metastatic CRPC with taxane-naive disease. Clinically significant myelosuppression was noted in all strata. Although single agent activity was observed, the overall response rate did not meet predetermined levels of activity sufficient to warrant further study in CRPC. Evaluable pts ChemonaiveN = 41 Prior taxaneN = 51 Two prior cytotoxicN = 24 ≥50% PSA response: % (90% CI) 24 (13.9–37.9) 10 (4.0–19.5) 4 (0.2–18.3) % Stable disease ≥9 weeks 15 20 29 % Measurable disease response* 8 3 8 Median duration PSA response: months 7.1 3.6 – Overall survival months (median) NR** 11.4 13.7 AEs: % Neutropenia G 3/4 52 50 68 Leukopenia G3/4 33 44 52 Neuropathy—sensory G3/4 14 16 4 Fatigue G1/2-G3/4 69–17 66–8 52–12 Anorexia G1/2-G3/4 33–2 32–6 24–4 Nausea G1/2- G3/4 26–2 38–2 36–0 * 26, 38, and 13 pts with measurable disease in the CN, Tax, and TCx arms, respectively. ** Not reached. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Lysosomal enzyme and inhibitor levels in the human trabecular meshwork. (1994)

This study demonstrated the age-independent distribution of a variety of lysosomal enzymes and a protease inhibitor in the human trabecular meshwork. The presence of these proteins suggests a possible role in the metabolic operation of the trabecular meshwork.
Role of Nuclear Factor-κB in the Antiviral Action of Interferon and Interferon-regulated Gene Expression (2004)

Interferons (IFNs) play critical roles in host defense by modulating the expression of various genes via tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT transcription factors. IFN-alpha/beta activates another important transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), but its role in IFN-mediated activity is poorly understood. Sensitivity to the antiviral and gene-inducing effects of IFN was examined in normal fibroblasts and in NF-kappaB knockout fibroblasts from p50- and p65-null mice. Antiviral assays demonstrated that NF-kappaB knockout fibroblasts were sensitized to the antiviral action of IFN. Moreover, analysis of IFN-stimulated gene expression by real-time PCR demonstrated selective effects of NF-kappaB on gene expression. Our results demonstrate that a subset of IFN-stimulated genes is regulated through an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway and that NF-kappaB may regulate the sensitivity of cells to IFN-mediated antiviral activity.
Microcircuitry and function of the inferior olive (1998)

The inferior olive, which provides the climbing fibers to Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex, has been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements, and comparing intended with achieved movements. For example, climbing-fiber activity could transmit error signals during eye-blink conditioning or adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, or it could carry motor command signals beating on the rhythm of the oscillating and synchronous firing of ensembles of olivary neurons, or both. In this review, we approach the controversial issue of olivocerebellar function from the perspective of the unique organization of the microcircuitry of the olivary neuropil. The characteristic glomeruli are formed by a core of long dendritic or axonal spines, each of which is innervated by both an inhibitory terminal derived from the hindbrain and an excitatory terminal derived from either an ascending or descending input. The dendritic spines, which originate from dendrites with varicosities carrying dendritic lamellar bodies, are coupled by gap junctions. By drawing a comparison with a computational model by Segev and Rall, which might be applicable to the typical olivary spine with its unique morphological features and combined excitatory and inhibitory input, we propose that the microcircuitry of the inferior olive is capable of functioning both in motor learning and motor timing, but does not directly compare intended with achieved movements.
An in-plane GaAs single-electron memory cell operating at 77 K (1999)

An in-plane single-electron memory cell operating at 77 K has been fabricated from a Si-doped thin GaAs film. This device utilizes an artificially fabricated floating node as a storage node and detects the charge stored on the floating node using a single-electron electrometer. Charging of the floating node is evidenced by a large peak in source–drain current as a function of control gate voltage, and is further confirmed by a discrete shift in the peak or threshold voltage.
ChemInform Abstract: BIOMIMETIC TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF STEROIDS. III. STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 11α‐METHYL‐19‐NORSTEROIDS (1979)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Keton (I) wird auf angegebenem Weg über das Isomere (V) [ 98% Reinheit] das Cyclopentenol (VII) synthetisiert.
Crystal growing (1974)

An extensive range of high quality single crystals for electronic devices and research is produced by the Electronic Materials Division of the Royal Radar Establishment at Malvern using the Czochralski technique of pulling from the melt. In this method a small seed crystal is dipped into the molten material, and as it is slowly withdrawn the temperature is adjusted to allow the melt to crystallize on to the end of the seed.
Determination of 17β‐estradiol in bovine plasma: development of a highly sensitive technique by ion trap gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization (2002)

A novel approach to the determination of 17beta-estradiol in bovine plasma is presented. The observed enhanced sensitivity is gained by the application of tandem mass spectrometry (MS) fragmentation to a stable, well characterized negative ion produced by chemical ionization (methane as reagent gas). A specific derivatizing reactant is employed (pentafluorobenzyl bromide), combined with bis-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide, to favor the formation of a diagnostic precursor negative ion. Plasma samples are purified through a C18 solid phase extraction column and derivatized before gas chromatography-MS analysis. The accuracy and the precision of the method, tested over a set of spiked samples, were satisfactory. The limit of detection was found to be 5 pg ml(-1) and the limit of quantification was fixed at 20 pg ml(-1). The fragmentation pattern is fully explained and the method is applicable for the official analysis of bovine plasma for the detection of 17beta-estradiol according to the European criteria 256/93 and to the draft SANCO/1805/2000 rev. 3. The quantification of incurred positive samples was performed according to the proposed procedure and compared with the results obtained by standardized radio immuno assay; the estimated concentrations were significantly similar.
Recombinant human immune interferon induces increased IgE receptor expression on the human monocyte cell line U-937. (1984)

Human recombinant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which is free from other lymphokines, significantly increased expression of receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R) on the human monocyte cell line U-937. Fc epsilon R were measured by assaying specific (saturable) binding of 125I-labeled or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled human IgE (Sha) to U-937 cells. Cell-bound IgE was analyzed by gamma counting and by flow cytometry. IFN-gamma-induced enhancement in IgE binding was a consequence of an increase in the number and density of Fc epsilon R, as cell size did not change significantly after treatment. Scatchard analysis of 125I-IgE binding curves revealed the presence of a homogeneous population of binding sites for IgE in control and in IFN-gamma-treated cells. IFN-gamma treatment did not change the value of the dissociation constant of Fc epsilon R for 125I-IgE. IFN-alpha and IFN-beta had only slight effects on the expression of Fc epsilon R. Dexamethasone (200 nM) diminished the IFN-gamma-induced enhancement in the number of Fc epsilon R by about 50%, the same extent as in control cells. IFN-gamma treatment did not cause a significant alteration in cell number, cell cycle kinetics, or macromolecular synthesis, and enhanced expression of Fc epsilon R was probably not mediated through the cyclic AMP system.
Microvascular Guidance: A Challenge to Support the Development of Vascularised Tissue Engineering Construct (2012)

The guidance of endothelial cell organization into a capillary network has been a long-standing challenge in tissue engineering. Some research efforts have been made to develop methods to promote capillary networks inside engineered tissue constructs. Capillary and vascular networks that would mimic blood microvessel function can be used to subsequently facilitate oxygen and nutrient transfer as well as waste removal. Vascularization of engineering tissue construct is one of the most favorable strategies to overpass nutrient and oxygen supply limitation, which is often the major hurdle in developing thick and complex tissue and artificial organ. This paper addresses recent advances and future challenges in developing three-dimensional culture systems to promote tissue construct vascularization allowing mimicking blood microvessel development and function encountered in vivo. Bioreactors systems that have been used to create fully vascularized functional tissue constructs will also be outlined.
Towards the definition of a core of microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion of sludge (2009)

The microbial consortium involved in anaerobic digestion has not yet been precisely characterized and this process remains a 'black box' with limited efficiency. In this study, seven anaerobic sludge digesters were selected based on technology, type of sludge, process and water quality. The prokaryotic community of these digesters was examined by constructing and analysing a total of 9890 16S rRNA gene clones. Libraries were constructed using primers specific for the Bacteria and Archaea domains for each digester, respectively. After phylogenetic affiliation, the libraries were compared using statistical tools to determine the similarities or differences among the seven digesters. Results show that the prokaryotic community of an anaerobic digester is composed of phylotypes commonly found in all anaerobic digesters sampled and also of specific phylotypes. The Archaea community is represented by an equilibrium among a restricted number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). These OTUs are affiliated with Methanosarcinales, Methanomicrobiales and Arc I phylogenetic groups. Statistical analysis revealed that the Bacteria community can be described as a three component model: one-third making up a core group of phylotypes common to most of the digesters, one-third are phylotypes shared among a few digesters and another one-third are specific phylotypes. The core group is composed of only six OTUs affiliated with Chloroflexi, Betaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes. Its role in anaerobic degradation appears critical to investigate. This comparison of anaerobic digester populations is a first step towards a future understanding of the relationship among biodiversity, operating conditions and digester efficiency.
Investigation into High Efficiency Dc-Dc Converter Topologies for a Dc Microgrid System (2012)

Distributed generation in the form of DC microgrids has recently attracted increasing research interest. For integrating primary sources and energy storage devices to the DC bus of a DC microgrid power electronic converters are necessary, but the associated losses may degrade the microgrid efficiency. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop high-efficiency converters, particularly for fuel cell generators and ultracapacitors energy buffers suitable for use in a stationary distribution system. Based on the evaluation of the fuel cell dynamic performance, a current–fed DC–DC converter design with a lower voltage rating of the switching devices and a higher DC voltage conversion ratio is proposed. A number of optimisation approaches have been applied to further improve the converter efficiency over its full power range. The periodic steady state operation of the converter is analysed in detail; state-space averaging is then used to determine the small signal equations and derive transfer functions. A closed loop controller has been designed and verified by a novel PSpice/Simulink/actual processor co–simulation approach, where the modelling results are validated by experimental results using a model–based design method.\nTo sustain the charging and discharging states of the ultracapacitor, a bidirectional DC–DC converter is required. Based on a comprehensive overview on different DC–DC converter topologies, the research presented here has shown that, bidirectional voltage–fed topology is better suited for dealing with the fast dynamic response of the ultracapacitor. But for a wide input voltage variation, this topology exhibits a higher circulating power flow and higher conduction losses as a consequence. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the bidirectional converter exploring the impact of the circulating power flow interval is developed in this study. Analytic methods have been applied to establish the optimal operation of the bidirectional voltage–fed converter for an ultracapacitor to improve its performance and efficiency. Based on these methods, a novel modulation scheme is proposed that minimises the circulating power flow in the converter, that has been verified by detailed simulation.
Extending CRISP-DM to incorporate temporal data mining of multidimensional medical data streams: A neonatal intensive care unit case study (2009)

Using a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) case study, this work investigates the current cross industry standard process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) approach for modeling intelligent data analysis (IDA)-based systems that perform temporal data mining (TDM). The case study highlights the need for an extended CRISP-DM approach when modeling clinical systems applying data mining (DM) and temporal abstraction (TA). As the number of such integrated TA/DM systems continues to grow, this limitation becomes significant and motivated our proposal of an extended CRISP-DM methodology to support TDM, known as CRISP-TDM. This approach supports clinical investigations on multi-dimensional time series data. This research paper has three key objectives: 1) Present a summary of the extended CRISP-TDM methodology; 2) Demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model to the NICU data, focusing on the challenges associated with multi-dimensional time series data; and 3) Describe the proposed IDA architecture for applying integrated TDM.
Mass Spectrometry–based Proteomic Analysis of the Matrix Microenvironment in Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture (2012)

The cellular microenvironment comprises soluble factors, support cells, and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that combine to regulate cellular behavior. Pluripotent stem cells utilize interactions between support cells and soluble factors in the microenvironment to assist in the maintenance of self-renewal and the process of differentiation. However, the ECM also plays a significant role in shaping the behavior of human pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, it has recently been observed that deposited factors in a hESC-conditioned matrix have the potential to contribute to the reprogramming of metastatic melanoma cells. Therefore, the ECM component of the pluripotent stem cell microenvironment necessitates further analysis. In this study we first compared the self-renewal and differentiation properties of hESCs grown on Matrigel™ pre-conditioned by hESCs to those on unconditioned Matrigel™. We determined that culture on conditioned Matrigel™ prevents differentiation when supportive growth factors are removed from the culture medium. To investigate and identify factors potentially responsible for this beneficial effect, we performed a defined SILAC MS-based proteomics screen of hESC-conditioned Matrigel™. From this proteomics screen, we identified over 80 extracellular proteins in matrix conditioned by hESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells. These included matrix-associated factors that participate in key stem cell pluripotency regulatory pathways, such as Nodal/Activin and canonical Wnt signaling. This work represents the first investigation of stem-cell-derived matrices from human pluripotent stem cells using a defined SILAC MS-based proteomics approach.
Foxa2 Regulates Leukotrienes to Inhibit Th2-mediated Pulmonary Inflammation (2013)

Foxa2 is a member of the Forkhead family of nuclear transcription factors that is highly expressed in respiratory epithelial cells of the developing and mature lung. Foxa2 is required for normal airway epithelial differentiation, and its deletion causes goblet-cell metaplasia and Th2-mediated pulmonary inflammation during postnatal development. Foxa2 expression is inhibited during aeroallergen sensitization and after stimulation with Th2 cytokines, when its loss is associated with goblet-cell metaplasia. Mechanisms by which Foxa2 controls airway epithelial differentiation and Th2 immunity are incompletely known. During the first 2 weeks after birth, the loss of Foxa2 increases the production of leukotrienes (LTs) and Th2 cytokines in the lungs of Foxa2 gene-targeted mice. Foxa2 expression inhibited 15-lipoxygenase (Alox15) and increased Alox5 transcription, each encoding key lipoxygenases associated with asthma. The inhibition of the cysteinyl LT (CysLT) signaling pathway by montelukast inhibited IL-4, IL-5, eotaxin-2, and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted expression in the developing lungs of Foxa2 gene-targeted mice. Montelukast inhibited the expression of genes regulating mucus metaplasia, including Spdef, Muc5ac, Foxa3, and Arg2. Foxa2 plays a cell-autonomous role in the respiratory epithelium, and is required for the suppression of Th2 immunity and mucus metaplasia in the developing lung in a process determined in part by its regulation of the CysLT pathway.
Vad är arbete? Barns perspektiv på arbete (2008)

Barns arbete beskrivs ofta som att de ”hjalper till”. Manga forestaller sig att barn i Sverige inte langre arbetar och att skolan ersatt arbete. Men arbete har fortfarande en plats i barns vardag o ...