gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of a path-length-resolved spectrum of time-varying scattered light field (2008)

The path-length-resolved power spectrum of a time-varying scattered light field measured by a time-of-flight method or low-coherence interferometry is evaluated by a new numerical simulation algorithm. The path-length-resolved power spectrum is theoretically derived by combining diffusing-wave-spectroscopy theory and radiative-transfer theory. The proposed algorithm, using the Monte Carlo method, is used to determine the scattering configurations and numerically calculate the power spectrum. The path-length distribution, path-length-dependent scattering order distribution, and path-length-resolved power spectrum are demonstrated numerically over all scattering orders. The resultant power spectra agree with experimental results measured by the low-coherence-dynamic-light-scattering method.
Antifungal Effect of Henna against Candida albicans Adhered to Acrylic Resin as a Possible Method for Prevention of Denture Stomatitis (2016)

Denture stomatitis is a very common disease affecting the oral mucosa of denture wearers. The aim of this study was to measure the antifungal effect of henna against Candida albicans adhered to acrylic resin as a possible method for prevention of denture stomatitis. One-hundred-eighty acrylic plates were prepared of heat-cured acrylic denture resin. The specimens were divided into six groups of 30 samples each. The first group was only polymer and monomer following the conventional manufacturer instruction for processing complete dentures. The other five groups were processed by adding different concentration of Yamani henna powder (Harazi) to the polymer in a concentration of henna: polymer 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%, respectively. Samples were incubated in artificial saliva rich with Candida albicans at 37 °C, and the effect of henna on Candida albicans was evaluated in two different methods: semi-quantitative slide count and a culture-based quantitative assay (quantitative). Variation in the number of live Candida was observed with the increase in the concentration of Yamani henna powder. It was observed that the variation in live Candida, between control group and group B (concentration of Yamani henna powder was 1%), was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.0001. Similarly, variations in live Candida were significant, when the concentration of powder was 7.5% or 10% in contrast with control group and p-values were 0.0001 and 0.001 respectively. Adding henna to acrylic resin denture could be effective in controlling Candida albicans proliferation on the denture surface; however, its effects on the physical properties of acrylic resin denture need further studies.
Dependability, power, and performance trade-off on a multicore processor (2008)

As deep submicron technologies are advanced, we face new challenges, such as power consumption and soft errors. A naive technique, which utilizes emerging multicore processors and relies upon thread-level redundancy to detect soft errors, is power hungry. It consumes at least two times larger power than the conventional single-threaded processor does. This paper investigates a trade-off between dependability and power on a multicore processor, which is named multiple clustered core processor (MCCP). It is proposed to adapt processor resources according to the requested performance. A new metric to evaluate a trade-off between dependability, power, and performance is proposed. It is the product of soft error rate and the popular energy-delay product. We name it energy, delay, and upset rate product (ED UP). Detailed simulations show that the MCCP exploiting the adaptable technique improves the EDUP by up to 21% when it is compared with the one exploiting the naive technique.
Managing Resources in Internet of Things with Semantic Hyper-Network Model (2012)

The Internet of Things (IoT) aims at providing us a promising and fascinating vision by integrating the physical space of smart objects, the virtual cyberspace of information, and society of human seamlessly. As an extremely large-scaled network, massive resources of different kinds in IoT have led to a primary challenge for the resource management and exploitation. This paper proposes a semantic hyper-network model to manage the IoT resources efficiently and effectively with a hierarchical and recursive way. The model can also support resource finding and mash-up for the purpose of new service and application generation with the help of several proposed operations in the context of the Internet of Things.
A novel MPPT control design for PV modules using neural network compensator (2012)

In this study, based on the slope of power versus voltage, a novel MPPT algorithm using neural network compensator is proposed to avoid the oscillation problem and effect of uncertain parameters in photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the characteristics of PV output voltage and output current are determined by the solar irradiation conditions, ambient temperature, and the load electrical characteristics, thereby the technologies of changing the location of the maximum power point must be developed in the applications of maximum-power-point-tracking (MPPT) control in order to make the PV arrays get the optimal efficiency from solar energy at different operating conditions. In this study, the uncertainties in PV systems are compensated by a neural network and the duty cycle of dc/dc converter is determined by a PI controller. The control objectives of this study is to achieve MPPT for the PV systems including solar cell arrays, a dc/dc converter, and an output load despite the variation of solar irradiation, ambient temperature, and the load electrical characteristics in PV systems. From experimental results, the validity of the proposed MPPT controller can be verified under a certain solar irradiation and a partially shaded condition, respectively.
Effects of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide application during defeathering on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses prior to evisceration (1997)

The microbiological quality and skin appearance of New York dressed broiler carcasses were determined in two separate experiments after a water control, acetic acid, or H2O2 spray during defeathering. Broilers were picked up from a local processor and transported in coops to the pilot facility. In both experiments, commercial processing parameters were followed up to the defeathering step. After feather removal, the vents of all carcasses were blocked with a cotton plug to prevent contamination of the whole carcass rinse diluent with fecal material from the lower gut. The neck and feet were removed, and the carcasses were placed in individual plastic bags in preparation for a whole carcass rinse. Results showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the log10 total aerobic plate counts for carcasses treated with 1% acetic acid in comparison to the water control (log10 cfu counts = 3.93 and 4.53, respectively). No differences were observed in skin appearance due to the 1% acid treatment. The addition of 0.5, 1, or 1.5% H2O2 to spray waters had no effect on microbiological quality of the carcasses when compared to the water control (4.92, 5.01, 4.91, and 4.99 log10 counts, respectively). The skin of carcasses treated with hydrogen peroxide, regardless of the concentration was bleached and bloated.
Cathepsin B Is Dispensable for Cellular Processing of Cathepsin B-Cleavable Antibody–Drug Conjugates (2017)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are designed to selectively bind to tumor antigens via the antibody and release their cytotoxic payload upon internalization. Controllable payload release through judicious design of the linker has been an early technological milestone. Here, we examine the effect of the protease-cleavable valine-citrulline [VC(S)] linker on ADC efficacy. The VC(S) linker was designed to be cleaved by cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease. Surprisingly, suppression of cathepsin B expression via CRISPR-Cas9 gene deletion or shRNA knockdown had no effect on the efficacy of ADCs with VC(S) linkers armed with a monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) payload. Mass spectrometry studies of payload release suggested that other cysteine cathepsins can cleave the VC(S) linker. Also, ADCs with a nonprotease-cleavable enantiomer, the VC(R) isomer, mediated effective cell killing with a cysteine-VC(R)-MMAE catabolite generated by lysosomal catabolism. Based on these observations, we altered the payload to a pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine dimer (PBD) conjugate that requires linker cleavage in order to bind its DNA target. Unlike the VC-MMAE ADCs, the VC(S)-PBD ADC is at least 20-fold more cytotoxic than the VC(R)-PBD ADC. Our findings reveal that the VC(S) linker has multiple paths to produce active catabolites and that antibody and intracellular targets are more critical to ADC efficacy. These results suggest that protease-cleavable linkers are unlikely to increase the therapeutic index of ADCs and that resistance based on linker processing is improbable. <i>Cancer Res; 77(24); 7027-37. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Cure Shrinkage Induced Warpage in Flat Uni-Axial Composites (1993)

Autoclave cured uni-axial carbon fiber/epoxy samples are observed to warp during production even though classical laminated plate theory predicts that such composites should have no such tendency. Particularly in thin laminates the observed convex up curvature can be quite pronounced, but measurable warpage does exist even in thicker composites. Distorted uni-axial laminates produced by top bleed autoclave cure have been analyzed using quantitative optical microscopy and have shown volume fraction gradients related to laminate through-thickness position. The results of these preliminary quantitative observations indicate that many laminates are measurably resin-rich at the composite/tool interface, and resin-poor at the laminate top surface near where bleeding takes place. However, the present metallographic technique does not yield a precise through-thickness resin fraction profile. Modeling of the magnitude of this warpage has been undertaken to investigate the likely through-thickness volume fraction profiles. The approach used has included a number of volume fraction variations in a classical laminated plate analysis and determines the mid-plane curvatures predicted based on general composite thermal expansion and matrix shrinkages. The results of this analysis for long uni-axial carbon fiber/epoxy sample strips of varying thickness match the curvature experimentally observed and substantiate the idea that the volume fraction gradient is not linear through the laminate thickness, but rather is locally resin-rich near the tooling, uniform through most of the thickness, and resin-poor at the top surface adjacent to the bleeder. Further, the results show that volume fraction gradients induced during top bleed autoclave cure are an important component of composite part warpage.
Conclusion (2004)

In concluding, I would like to return to the original premise of the book that this research does not aim simply to plug a gap in our knowledge about IVF. Instead, I have argued that the relative invisibility of IVF failure from the dominant representations cannot be explained simply in terms of biased oversight, but instead the dominant representations can be seen as predicated on those exclusions. Where the dominant discourse is of technology giving nature a helping hand to produce miracle babies, there is simply no space for any representation of treatment failure other than that of a lack of persistence or of devastation following the failure to achieve restitution through biological parenthood. Furthermore, I have argued that those for whom treatment has failed occupy an extraordinary and liminal location among the dominant discourses of gender, technology and the body: a location which requires careful and ongoing management in order to achieve the anonymity of ‘belonging’ within the domain of normality. This perspective renders the participants’ accounts as faithful, situated knowledges which produce new ways of seeing not only IVF, but also the power relations which produce and maintain the dominant representations, and which exclude others.
A Role for Protein Kinase C During Rat Egg Activation (2002)

Upon sperm-egg interaction, an increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) is observed. Several studies reported that cortical reaction (CR) can be triggered not only by a [Ca(2+)](i) rise but also by protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Because the CR is regarded as a Ca(2+)-dependent exocytotic process and because the calcium-dependent conventional PKCs (cPKC) alpha and beta II are considered as exocytosis mediators in various cell systems, we chose to study activation of the cPKC in the rat egg during in vivo fertilization and parthenogenetic activation. By using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy techniques, we demonstrated, for the first time, the activation of the cPKC alpha, beta I, and beta II during in vivo fertilization. All three isozymes examined presented translocation to the egg's plasma membrane as early as the sperm-binding stage. However, the kinetics of their translocation was not identical. Activation of cPKC alpha was obtained by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or by 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG) but not by the calcium ionophore ionomycin. PKC alpha translocation was first detected 5-10 min after exposure to TPA and reached a maximum at 20 min, whereas in eggs activated by OAG, translocation of PKC alpha was observed almost immediately and reached a maximum within 5 min. These results suggest that, although [Ca(2+)](i) elevation on its own does not activate PKC alpha, it may accelerate OAG-induced PKC alpha activation. We also demonstrate a successful inhibition of the CR by a myristoylated PKC pseudosubstrate (myrPKCPsi), a specific PKC inhibitor. Our study suggests that exocytosis can be triggered independently either by a [Ca(2+)](i) rise or by PKC.
Text Entry (2008)

Text entry on mobile devices (e.g., phones and PDAs) has been a research challenge since devices shrank below laptop size: mobile devices are simply too small to have a traditional full-size keyboard. There has been a profusion of research into text-entry techniques for smaller keyboards and stylus input: some of which have become mainstream, while others have not lived up to early expectations. This chapter will review the range of input techniques, together with evaluations, that have taken place to assess their validity: from theoretical modelling through to formal usability experiments. Finally, the chapter will discuss criteria for acceptance of new techniques, and how market perceptions can overrule laboratory successes.
Encrypted morphogens of skeletogenesis (1998)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of a class of ancient, highly conserved signalling molecules that play major roles in embryonic axis determination, organ development, tissue repair, and regeneration throughout the animal kingdom. The bone morphogenetic proteins are potent developmental morphogens that act in a concentration-dependent manner to specify cell fates in developing and regenerating systems. Complementary DNAs have been cloned for approximately twenty BMPs, and recombinant proteins have been produced for many of these genes. Transgenic and naturally occurring animal models demonstrate a wide variety of potential functions for BMP genes during development and tissue regeneration, and a wide range of pharmacologic effects are predicted from knock-out or over-expression of the BMP genes. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare and devastating genetic disease of ectopic osteogenesis in humans, is associated with over-expression of at least one of the BMPs. The BMPs, their transmembrane receptors, their intracellular signal transducers, and their secreted antagonists hold great promise as pharmacologic agents in modulating a vast array of developmental and regenerative pathways in human diseases.
The Synergistic Effectiveness of Tocopherols on Plasma Cholesterol Lowering Effect by Vegetable Sterols (1973)

大豆油ステロールを与えた白ネズミの血漿および肝コレステロールを減少せしめる場合, 大豆油Tocおよびdl-α-Tocを同時に与えると, 植物ステロールの効果を増さしめることを認めた。その理由は, 吸収されにくいとされる植物ステロール, とくにβ-シトステロールの吸収が2倍以上になるためと思われる。
Electrochemical behavior of heavily cycled nickel electrodes in Ni/H2 cells containing electrolytes of various KOH concentrations (1989)

A study has been made of charge and discharge voltage changes with cycling of Ni/H2 cells containing electrolytes of various KOH concentrations. A study has also been made of electrochemical behavior of the nickel electrodes from the cycled Ni/H2 cells as a function of overcharge amounts. Discharge voltages depressed gradually with cycling for cells having high KOH concentrations (31 to 36 percent), but the voltages increased for those having low KOH concentrations (21 to 26 percent). To determine if there was a crystallographic change of the active material due to cycling, electrochemical behavior of nickel electrodes was studied in an electrolyte flooded cell containing either 31 or 26 percent KOH electrolyte as a function of the amount of overcharge. The changes in discharge voltage appear to indicate crystal structure changes of active material from gamma-phase to beta-phase in low KOH concentrations, and vice versa in high KOH concentration.
S‐Adenosylmethionine regulates <i>MAT1A</i> and <i>MAT2A</i> gene expression in cultured rat hepatocytes: a new role for S‐adenosylmethionine in the maintenance of the differentiated status of the liver (2000)

Methionine metabolism starts with the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), the most important biological methyl donor. This reaction is catalyzed by methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT). MAT is the product of two different genes: MAT1A, which is expressed only in the adult liver, and MAT2A, which is widely distributed, expressed in the fetal liver, and replaces MAT1A in hepatocarcinoma. In the liver, preservation of high expression of MAT1A and low expression of MAT2A is critical for the maintenance of a functional and differentiated organ. Here we describe that in cultured rat hepatocytes MAT1A expression progressively decreased, as described for other liver-specific genes, and MAT2A expression was induced. We find that this switch in gene expression was prevented by adding AdoMet to the culture medium. We also show that in cultured hepatocytes with decreased MAT1A expression AdoMet addition markedly increased MAT1A transcription in a dose-dependent fashion. This effect of AdoMet was mimicked by methionine, and blocked by 3-deazaadenosine and L-ethionine, but not D-ethionine, indicating that the effect was specific and mediated probably by a methylation reaction. These findings identify AdoMet as a key molecule that differentially regulates MAT1A and MAT2A expression and helps to maintain the differentiated status of the hepatocyte.
The ferret: a cytotoxic drug-induced emesis model (2004)

The ferret (Mustela putorius furo), a carnivore weighting 1–1.5 kg, is highly valued as a small animal model for determining the emetic activity of cytotoxic drugs. Because of its sensitivity to emetic stimuli, the ferret is now being used routinely for testing novel cytotoxic drugs and antiemetic agents. In our laboratory, ferrets were evaluated on their behavioral changes, pathological changes and pharmacological responses to cytotoxic drug-induced emesis. Cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets was inhibited by 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in a dose dependent manner. 5-HT levels in the area postrema and in the ileum were increased by cytotoxic agents. Both abdominal vagotomy and ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, remarkably inhibited cisplatin-induced emesis and cisplatin-induced increase in 5-HT levels in the area postrema. The cisplatin-induced increase of the ileal 5-HT levels, however, was not inhibited by vagotomy or ondansetron. Furthermore, compared with intraperitoneal administration, oral administration of ondansetron blocked cyclophosphamide-induced emesis more effectively and significantly. These results suggest that cytotoxic drugs induce emesis mainly through actions on the gastrointestinal tract. Cytotoxic drugs may cause 5-HT release from the enterochromaffin (EC) cells of the intestinal mucosa to stimulate 5-HT3 receptors on the afferent vagal fibers. Stimulation from the afferent vagal nerves appear to produce an increase in 5-HT levels in the area postrema. The increased 5-HT levels in the area postrema might trigger the emetic response induced by cytotoxic agents. In this review, we also discuss abdominal afferent vagus nerve activity and 5-HT release from EC cells using data from our laboratory.
Surface acoustic wave characteristics on La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/ crystals (2002)

Some surface acoustic wave characteristics on trigonal La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/ SiO/sub 14/ crystals were experimentally investigated for several cuts and propagation directions. More than 150 SAW resonators of about 60 cuts have been prepared with resonance frequencies at range 400-700 MHz and its frequency responses were measured at temperature range -40-+80/spl deg/C. Some promising cuts and directions with zero temperature coefficients of resonance frequency were found.
Purification, characterization and structural analysis of an abundant β‐1,3‐glucanase from banana fruit (2000)

An abundant, catalytically active beta-1,3-endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1. 39) has been isolated from the pulp of ripe bananas. Biochemical analysis of the purified protein, molecular modelling, and molecular cloning of the corresponding gene indicate that this banana enzyme closely resembles previously characterized plant beta-glucanases with respect to its amino-acid sequence, structure and biological activity. The results described in this paper demonstrate both the occurrence of an abundant active beta-1,3-endoglucanases in fruits and also readdress the question of the possible involvement of these enzymes in the ripening and/or softening process.
Heavily doped <i>p</i>-GaAs grown by low-pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy using liquid CCl4 (1992)

A hole concentration greater than 1020 cm−3 in GaAs has been achieved using a liquid CCl4 source for carbon in a low-pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy system. The resistivity and hole mobility measured at 300 K for a heavily carbon-doped (1.2×1020 cm−3) Hall sample made from a thin (180 nm) epitaxial layer were 8.0×10−4 Ω cm and 65 cm2/V s, respectively. Carbon-doped samples with excellent surface morphology were achieved using a V/III ratio of 22, and growth pressure and temperature of 80 Torr and 600 °C, respectively. A novel photoluminescence technique, based on band-gap shrinkage of heavily doped p+-GaAs, has been shown to be useful for nondestructive measurement of the hole concentration in submicrometer layers.
Transgene-activated mesenchymal cells for articular cartilage repair: a comparison of primary bone marrow-, perichondrium/periosteum- and fat-derived cells (2005)

Perichondrium/periosteum-derived cells and BMSC seem superior to cells isolated from fat with respect to forming hyaline cartilaginous tissue. A chondrogenic stimulus, e.g. by transfer of BMP-2 cDNA, appears to be required for initiation and support of chondrogenic differentiation.
Analysis and Interpretation of High Transverse Entanglement in Optical Parametric Down Conversion (2004)

Quantum entanglement associated with transverse wave vectors of down conversion photons is investigated based on the Schmidt decomposition method. We show that transverse entanglement involves two variables: orbital angular momentum and transverse frequency. We show that in the monochromatic limit high values of entanglement are closely controlled by a single parameter resulting from the competition between (transverse) momentum conservation and longitudinal phase matching. We examine the features of the Schmidt eigenmodes, and indicate how entanglement can be enhanced by suitable mode selection methods.