gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plant Genetic Approaches to Phosphorus Management in Agricultural Production (1998)

Abstract Much of the P in corn ( Zea mays L.) grain is present in the form of phytic acid. Phytic acid P is unavailable to monogastric animals with most being excreted in the waste. As a result, the substantial P stores in grain are essentially wasted and may contribute to water pollution rather than animal productivity. The initial goal of this research was to isolate chemically induced mutants with reduced levels of phytic acid P in corn. Such mutants, referred to as low phytic acid or Ipa , were isolated and were found to have little or no other effect on kernel composition including no effect on total grain P content. The first mutant characterized, Ipal‐1 , a 65% reduction in phytic acid and is accompanied by a molar‐equivalent increase in inorganic P. This mutant was backcrossed into elite corn inbred lines and resulting hybrids were evaluated for yield and other important agronomic traits. Preliminary field trials indicated germination, stalk strength, grain moisture at harvest, and flowering date were not affected by Ipal‐1 . Some, but not all, Ipal‐1 hybrids had yield reductions. In a preliminary chick feeding trial, the low phytic acid grain resulted in greater P availability and reduced P content in the waste. Altering the phytic acid content genetically in corn is possible and may have the potential to improve feeding efficiencies and reduce P released to the environment.
Molecular cloning and characterization of drimenol synthase from valerian plant (<i>Valeriana officinalis</i>) (2014)

Drimenol, a sesquiterpene alcohol, and its derivatives display diverse bio-activities in nature. However, a drimenol synthase gene has yet to be identified. We identified a new sesquiterpene synthase cDNA (VoTPS3) in valerian plant (Valeriana officinalis). Purification and NMR analyses of the VoTPS3-produced terpene, and characterization of the VoTPS3 enzyme confirmed that VoTPS3 synthesizes (-)-drimenol. In feeding assays, possible reaction intermediates, farnesol and drimenyl diphosphate, could not be converted to drimenol, suggesting that the intermediate remains tightly bound to VoTPS3 during catalysis. A mechanistic consideration of (-)-drimenol synthesis suggests that drimenol synthase is likely to use a protonation-initiated cyclization, which is rare for sesquiterpene synthases. VoTPS3 can be used to produce (-)-drimenol, from which useful drimane-type terpenes can be synthesized.
Deployment issues for the IP multicast service and architecture (2000)

IP multicast offers the scalable point-to-multipoint delivery necessary for using group communication applications on the Internet. However, the IP multicast service has seen slow commercial deployment by ISPs and carriers. The original service model was designed without a clear understanding of commercial requirements or a robust implementation strategy. The very limited number of applications and the complexity of the architectural design-which we believe is a consequence of the open service model-have deterred widespread deployment as well. We examine the issues that have limited the commercial deployment of IP multicast from the viewpoint of carriers. We analyze where the model fails and what it does not offer, and we discuss requirements for successful deployment of multicast services.
Endovascular Therapy after Intravenous t-PA versus t-PA Alone for Stroke (2013)

The trial showed similar safety outcomes and no significant difference in functional independence with endovascular therapy after intravenous t-PA, as compared with intravenous t-PA alone. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00359424.).
Beneficial Effects of Lexipafant, a PAF Antagonist on Gut Barrier Dysfunction Caused by Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats (2000)

PAF seems to play an important role in I/R-associated intestinal dysfunction and the development of distant organ dysfunction, probably by triggering endothelial and epithelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, PAF seems to be partly involved in activation of the protease-antiprotease system. The use of PAF antagonists may provide a mode of treatment against I/R-associated organ dysfunction.
Rate Measurements on Fast Reactions in the Stirred Flow Reactor; the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Methyl and Ethyl Formate<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate Measurements on Fast Reactions in the Stirred Flow Reactor; the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Methyl and Ethyl Formate1Harrie M. Humphreys and Louis P. HammettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 3, 521–524Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01584a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01584a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Smartphone virtualization: Status and challenges (2011)

The extensive utilization of smartphones has led to a series of issues such as security, manageability and migration of applications, which is similar to traditional computer systems. Virtualization offers an effective approach in addressing these challenges. However, classical virtualization technology is not adequate for mobile devices, which is restricted by resources and CPU structures. In this paper, we analyze some hardware features of embedded systems and smartphones, and then present a brief analysis and comparison of three mainstream smartphone virtualization technologies: MVP, Xen and microkernel. At last, we summarize some demands on smartphone virtualization and discuss about issues which are needed to research further.
Tobacco Smoking-Associated Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Changes in the EPIC Study (2016)

Our study has comprehensively cataloged the smoking-associated DNA methylation alterations and showed that these alterations are reversible after smoking cessation.
Diagnostic instrumentation aboard ISS: just-in-time training for non-physician crewmembers. (2005)

Complex ultrasound experiments with expert guidance were performed with high accuracy following limited preflight training and multimedia based in-flight review, despite a 2-s communication latency. In-flight application of multimedia proficiency enhancement software, coupled with real-time remote expert guidance, facilitates the successful performance of ultrasound examinations on orbit and may have additional terrestrial and space applications.
EPINEPHRINE MYDRIASIS (1943)

Instillation of epinephrine hydrochloride solution (1:1,000) into the conjunctiva of a normal person will not produce any change in the size of the pupil except a dilatation of 2 to 4 mm. Many years ago Loewi<sup>1</sup>noticed that in dogs instillation of this drug after removal of the pancreas gave rise to a distinct, sometimes maximum, mydriasis. Sometimes the eyeball protruded and the eyelids could not meet. Undoubtedly, these signs pointed to an increased activity of the sympathetic fibers innervating the dilator pupillae, the tarsalis superior and inferior and the orbitalis muscles. It was interesting that in cases of severe diabetes with acidotic coma, Loewi could detect the same mydriatic effect after the instillation of epinephrine hydrochloride. As far as my experience goes, I observed a Loewi reaction so frequently in comatose diabetic patients during my work in the clinics of Chvostek and Noorden (mostly in the era before
External application of hypertonic salt solution for treatment of posttraumatic oedema. (2005)

In 20 New Zealand rabbits (two groups of 10 rabbits each), hind limb circumference and anterior compartment pressure were measured following ketamin anaesthesia (time zero). During the same anaesthesia, closed transverse proximal tibial shaft fractures were created in both groups. Twenty-four hours after the fractures, during a second anaesthesia, limb circumference and compartment pressure were measured as before, and fractured limbs were fixed to the rabbits' bodies. At the same time, treatment was started: one group received external application of saturated salt solution and the other group received intermittent ice application. During 48 hours of treatment (from 24 to 72 hours) in the saturated salt solution group, the mean limb circumference decreased from 125.70 +/- 9.93 mm to 115.70 +/- 8.78 mm (p = 0.005) and the mean compartment pressure decreased from 18.30 +/- 1.70 mmHg to 12.40 +/- 1.77 mmHg (p = 0.005). In the control group, the mean limb circumference decreased from 127.85 +/- 7.47 mm to 122.00 +/- 6.83 mm (not significant) and the mean compartment pressure decreased from 19.57 +/- 1.27 mmHg to 17.85 +/- 2.67 mmHg (not significant). In short, differences in compartment pressure and limb circumference before and after treatment were statistically significant in the saturated salt solution group (p = 0.005) but not in the control group.
Targetry of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on a copper substrate for the non-carrier-added <sup>89</sup>Zr production via <sup>89</sup>Y(p, n)<sup>89</sup>Zr reaction (2010)

Abstract A thick layer of Yttrium oxide was deposited on cupper substrate via two special sedimentation methods for the production of 89 Zr. For deposition of Y 2 O 3 on cupper substrate, 435 mg of Y 2 O 3 , 152.25 mg of ethyl cellulose and 4 ml of acetone were used to prepare a Y 2 O 3 layer of 11.69 cm 2 . Also, 435 mg of Y 2 O 3 , 174 mg of methyl cellulose and 7.25 ml of water were used. The targets were checked by SEM and thermal shock test. The deposited target was irradiated for 20 min at a current of 20 μA and a proton beam of 15 MeV.
VLSI implementation of the quadratic-spline W-transformfor multi-resolution image processing (1998)

The author presents VLSI implementation of a recently proposed quadratic-spline W-matrix transform (W-transform) to be used in multi-resolution image processing applications. The processor can compute W-transforms of any length (even or odd), rather than only those of a power of two length, as in most discrete wavelet transforms. The physical design of the processor based on a 0.6 µm cell library is also included.
Electric Dipole Tracing in the Brain by Means of the Boundary Element Method and Its Accuracy (1987)

A method of localizing an electrical dipole in the brain from the scalp potential distribution has been developed with the aid of the boundary element method, in which a real geometry of the head is exactly taken into account and homogeneous electrical conductivity is assumed. Accuracy of the method was evaluated through animal experiments with a cat in which a current dipole was artificially generated in the brain. Deviation of the estimated dipole location from the true one was not random, but rather systematic (probably due to in-homogeneous conductivity distribution). It is numerically found that cavities in the skull disturb the inverse solution especially when the dipole is oriented toward the cavities. In vivo tests of the method were also done for primary somatosensory evoked potentials as a response to median nerve stimulation of a cat and myoclonic EEG. Although the homogeneous approximation was made, it does not change the significance of the results obtained by the present method.
Interleukin-33 Promotes Disease Progression in Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (2014)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a progressive autoimmune liver disease that can cause a series of complications, including cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is expressed in various non-hematopoietic cells and a certain population of immune cells, and exerts its biological effects by binding to the specific receptor, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2). A soluble form of ST2 (sST2) has been postulated to act as a decoy receptor for IL-33. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-33 in the pathogenesis of PBC. The study included 20 healthy controls and 68 patients with PBC. We thus found the increased serum IL-33 levels in PBC patients. Its elevated levels were positively correlated with serum alkaline phosphatase levels (a key parameter for the definition of PBC) and with Child-Pugh scores, which were used to determine the prognosis of liver cirrhosis. Moreover, the serum concentrations of sST2 were significantly higher in PBC patients compared with healthy subjects, irrespective of the disease severity. Importantly, the cells that express IL-33 and/or myeloperoxidase (a marker for neutrophils) were accumulated in the livers of PBC patients, and their number increased with the severity of liver lesions. Lastly, in vitro chemotaxis assays revealed that IL-33 enhanced the migration of neutrophils. These data suggest that IL-33 may affect the progress of PBC by recruiting neutrophils to the liver. This expanded knowledge of IL-33 in PBC patients is important for developing therapeutic strategies (e.g., neutralization of IL-33), selecting optimal clinical management, and predicting prognosis.
Dissecting the involvement of tropomyosin-related kinase A and p75 neurotrophin receptor signaling in NGF deficit-induced neurodegeneration (2010)

NGF, the principal neurotrophic factor for basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs), has been correlated to Alzheimer's disease (AD) because of the selective vulnerability of BFCNs in AD. These correlative links do not substantiate a comprehensive cause-effect mechanism connecting NGF deficit to overall AD neurodegeneration. A demonstration that neutralizing NGF activity could have consequences beyond a direct interference with the cholinergic system came from studies in the AD11 mouse model, in which the expression of a highly specific anti-NGF antibody determines a neurodegeneration that encompasses several features of human AD. Because the transgenic antibody binds to mature NGF much more strongly than to proNGF and prevents binding of mature NGF to the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) receptor and to p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), we postulated that neurodegeneration in AD11 mice is provoked by an imbalance of proNGF/NGF signaling and, consequently, of TrkA/p75NTR signaling. To test this hypothesis, in this study we characterize the phenotype of two lines of transgenic mice, one in which TrkA signaling is inhibited by neutralizing anti-TrkA antibodies and a second one in which anti-NGF mice were crossed to p75NTR(exonIII(-/-)) mice to abrogate p75NTR signaling. TrkA neutralization determines a strong cholinergic deficit and the appearance of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) but no tau-related pathology. In contrast, abrogating p75NTR signaling determines a full rescue of the cholinergic and Abeta phenotype of anti-NGF mice, but tau hyperphosphorylation is exacerbated. Thus, we demonstrate that inhibiting TrkA signaling activates Abeta accumulation and that different streams of AD neurodegeneration are related in complex ways to TrkA versus p75NTR signaling.
A recommender system that deals with items having an image as well as quantitative features (2015)

A big part of data around us is in image format and people use these images in many of their decisions. The popularity of an item, in many cases, depends highly on its visual quality. For instance, the shape of a car has a significant influence on the attitude of potential customers toward it. Recommender systems try to provide people with recommendations resulted from an automatic process which is aimed at giving the users a better experience working with system, and perhaps improve the system owner's sales. As images are quite important in users' decisions, in this paper we have proposed a method to take images into account when trying to give the user a recommendation, which despite its apparent advantages has not found a fair amount of attention so far.
Secondary Heating of Chicken Eggs Exposed to Light During Incubation (1976)

An increased rate of development of chick embryos caused by light could be explained by uncontrolled heating. Single eggs were fitted with thermistor probes for monitoring temperature in the air cell and at the location of the germinal disc (upon the yolk). Incandescent and, to a lesser extent, fluorescent lighting heated both regions of the egg more than the air temperature of the incubator. With incandescent lighting preferential heating of the superficial yolk occurred dependent upon the orientation of the egg to the light. Methods for controlling egg heating are evaluated.
Grain Boundary Characteristics in Grain Oriented Silicon Steel (2004)

During secondary recrystallization of grain oriented silicon steel, isolated grains are often observed in secondary-recrystallized Goss grains (matrix). In an extraction experiment, the crystallographic relations between each isolated grain and the matrix were investigated. Although the Σ9 grain boundary against Goss orientation is the most frequent in the primary texture, it could not be observed in the relation, but specific grains, which have Σ3 or a high angle misorientation relation, were often observed. As the extraction temperature increased, the frequency of Σ3 decreased and that of GGB (general grain boundary) increased. It was revealed that the Σ9 boundary was mobile, Σ3 was less mobile and GGB was the least mobile. This does not contradict the CSL model but supports it. However, it was not clarified whether this result is caused by grain boundary energy or mobility.
Self-tuning Controller for Farm Tractor Guidance (1993)

Automatic guidance of farm tractors would improve productivity of many field operations by reducing operator fatigue and improving machine performance. A self-tuning steering controller, which can be used for all noncontact types of positioning systems, was designed for tractor guidance. A simple two degrees-of-freedom model was chosen with which to develop a prediction model used in recursive least-squares parameter estimation. A variable forgetting factor was implemented and its algorithm modified to cope with time-varying nonlinear systems. The self-tuning steering controller based upon minimum variance control was tested and verified with a tractor dynamic simulator. Circular, lane change, and sinusoidal paths were used. A model tractor was also used to verify controller performance for straight-line and sinusoidal paths.
Value of HDL Cholesterol, Apolipoprotein A-I, Lipoprotein A-I, and Lipoprotein A-I/A-II in Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease (2002)

Among the parameters related to HDL, apoA-I appears to be the strongest independent risk factor.
[<sup>3</sup>H]imidacloprid: Synthesis of a candidate radioligand for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (1992)

Abstract Imidacloprid is an exceptionally potent insecticide known from physiological studies to act at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. To prepare [ 3 H]imidacloprid as a candidate radioligand, 6‐chloronicotinoyl chloride was reduced with NaB 2 H 4 (in model studies) or NaB 3 H 4 in absolute ethanol to 2‐chloro‐5‐pyridinylmethanol which was transformed to 2‐chloro‐5‐chloromethylpyridine on refluxing with thionyl chloride. Coupling with 4,5‐dihydro‐ N ‐nitro‐1 H ‐imidazol‐2‐amine then gave [ 2 H 2 ]imidacloprid incorporating about 95% of the deuterium or [ 3 H 2 ]imidacloprid (25 Ci/mmol) in 80% radiochemical yield. In studies not detailed here [ 3 H]imidacloprid was found to undergo high affinity, specific and saturable binding to a site in insect brain.
Blind cooperative diversity with multiple relays (2008)

Mobile users with single antennas can still take advantage of spatial diversity through cooperative space-time encoded transmission. In this paper, we consider a scheme in which a relay chooses to cooperate only if its source-relay channel is of an acceptable quality and we evaluate the usefulness of relaying when the source acts blindly and ignores the decision of the relays whether they may cooperate or not. In our study, we consider the regenerative relays in which the decisions to cooperate are based on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold and consider the impact of the possible erroneously detected and transmitted data at the relays. We derive the end-to-end bit-error rate (BER) for binary phase-shift keying modulation and look at two power allocation strategies between the source and the relays in order to minimize the end-to-end BER at the destination for high SNR. Some selected performance results show that computer simulations based results coincide with our analytical results.
SWAP: leveraging the Web to manage workflow (1999)

Many organizations are beginning to discover what workflow vendors already know-namely, that the real value of the Web lies not just in its documents and resources, but also in the activities surrounding them. Collaborative work involves not only handoff and routing of data between humans, but the coordination of activities among them and with automated agents as well. Workflow engines typically ensure that the information ends up on the right desktop along with the tools to accomplish a slated task. It is difficult to synchronize work and activity tracking within a technically diverse organization. Tools and formats typically differ among workgroups, as do skill levels and understanding among individual participants in a process. Browser-based user interfaces offer a mechanism to easily access distributed information and hand off documents and data over the Web, but at the expense of being able to effectively manage and track work activities. Web protocols provide no inherent support for automated change notification, handoff of control, or initiation of human- and computer-executed activities. In essence, there is no standard way for service requests to trigger a workflow process and monitor it across platforms and between organizations.
China's Petrochemical Industry Enters E-business Era (2001)

Global petrochemical industrial reform has been characterized with merging and reorganization in the past two years.
The Raman Spectrum of Carbon in Silicon (1985)

Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize carbon-doped silicon samples prepared by ion implantation and pulsed laser annealing. Sharp lines are observed in the Raman spectra due to the 12 C local mode at 604±1 cm -1 and the 13 C local mode at 586±1 cm -1 . Identical spectra are obtained from a given carbon implant whether it is annealed using a 10 ns pulsed ruby laser or the significantly longer pulse of an R6G dye laser. It is shown that Raman spectroscopy has sufficient sensitivity to detect striated carbon distributions in as-grown commercial silicon. Finally, at high carbon density, where the local modes begin to broaden in the implanted and laser-annealed samples, a disorder-induced first-order Raman spectrum is observed produced by the mass defect of the substitutional carbon.