gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a dual-function pH and PCO2 in vivo sensor (1976)

A newly developed, dual-function pH and PCO2 sensor was evaluated in this study. The sensors were placed in the femoral arteries of dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Comparisons were made between systemic arterial pH and PCO2 measured using the sensor and those measured from blood samples drawn at 15-min intervals over a 7-h period using a bench instrument. The mean pH of the bench instrument measurements was 7.43. The mean difference of the sensor measurements from the bench instrument measurements for 207 comparisons was 0.0003 pH +/- 0.061 SD. The mean PCO2 of the bench instrument measurements was 40 mmHg. The mean difference of the sensor measurements from those of the bench instrument for 212 comparisons was -1.43 mmHg +/- 5.17 SD. The sensors performed equally well in the presence of metabolic or respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. The dual-function sensors evaluated in this study are useful for trend monitoring of pH and PCO2 over at least a 7-h period without recalibration. With improvement in the consistency of sensor construction, these sensors will be reliable in vivo sensing devices for blood pH and PCO2 and thus valuable research and clinical instruments.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Tool for Monitoring Submerged Fermentation Processes Using an Immersion Optical-Fiber Probe (2003)

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been developed as a noninvasive tool for the direct, real-time monitoring of glucose, lactic acid, acetic acid, and biomass in liquid cultures of microrganisms of the genera Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus. This was achieved employing a steam-sterilizable optical-fiber probe immersed in the culture (In-line Interactance System). Second-derivative spectra obtained were subjected to partial least-squares (PLS) regression and the results were used to build predictive models for each analyte of interest. Multivariate regression was carried out on two different sets of spectra, namely whole broth minus the spectral subtraction of water, and raw spectra. A comparison of the two models showed that the first cannot be properly applied to real-time monitoring, so this work suggests calibration based on non-difference spectra, demonstrating it to be sufficiently reliable to allow the selective determination of the analytes with satisfactory levels of prediction (standard error of prediction (SEP) < 10%). Direct interfacing of the NIR system to the bioreactor control system allowed the implementation of completely automated monitoring of different cultivation strategies (continuous, repeated batch). The validity of the in-line analyses carried out was found to depend crucially on maintaining constant hydrodynamic conditions of the stirred cultures because both gas flow and stirring speed variations were found to markedly influence the spectral signal.
SOME PROPERTIES OF FUNCTIONS OF GENERALIZED BOUNDED VARIATION (2004)

We investigate some properties of functions of -bounded variation on a closed bounded interval, which is the generalization of bounded variation.
Model-Based Dereverberation Preserving Binaural Cues (2010)

The ability of the human auditory system for sound localization mainly depends on the binaural cues, especially interaural time and level differences (ITD and ILD). In the context of digital hearing aids and binaural audio transmission systems, these cues can be severely degraded by independent bilateral signal processing such as dereverberation or noise reduction. This contribution presents a novel two-stage binaural dereverberation algorithm which explicitly preserves the binaural cues. The first stage is based on a statistical model of the room impulse responses (RIR) and comprises a spectral subtraction rule which reduces late reverberation only. It includes a smoothing process of the spectral gains to reduce musical tones. In a second stage, the residual reverberation is attenuated by a dual-channel Wiener filter. This is derived from a coherence model of the reverberant sound field taking into account shadowing effects of the head. The overall binaural-input binaural-output structure efficiently reduces both early and late reverberation. In experiments as well as informal listening tests using measured binaural room impulse responses, the proposed algorithm significantly improves speech quality according to objective and subjective measures.
Endogenous TCR Recombination in TCR Tg Single RAG-Deficient Mice Uncovered by Robust In Vivo T Cell Activation and Selection (2010)

Recombination activating gene (RAG)-deficient TCR (T Cell Receptor) Tg (transgenic) mice are routinely used as sources of monoclonal T cells. We found that after the transfer of T cells from a RAG-2-deficient 5CC7 TCR Tg mice into allogeneic hosts we recovered a population of T cells expressing diverse alphabeta-TCRs. In fact, in the thymus and spleen of the 5CC7 RAG-2-deficient donor mice, we detected rare T cells expressing non-Tg TCR chains. Similar observations were obtained using T cells from two other TCR transgenic strains, namely RAG-2-deficient aHY and RAG-1-deficient OT-1 mice. The sequences of the endogenous TCR transcripts suggested that gene recombination could occur, albeit quite inefficiently, in the RAG-deficient mice we used. In agreement, we evidenced rare TCR Valpha and Vbeta-chain transcripts in non-Tg RAG-2-deficient mice. Since in these non-Tg RAG-deficient mice no mature T cells could ever be found, our findings suggested a role for the TCR Tg in rescuing rare recombined endogenous chains. Robust T-cell activation by the allogeneic environment favored the selection and expansion of the rare cells expressing endogenous TCRs. Potential mechanisms involved in the recombination of the endogenous TCR chains in the different strains of RAG-deficient mice used, and in particular the possibility of RAG-1 hypomorphism due to an incomplete knocking out procedure, are discussed. Our findings have important experimental implications for studies using TCR-Tg RAG-deficient cells as monoclonal T cell populations.
Plasma wave oscillations in nanometer field effect transistors for terahertz detection and emission (2008)

The channel of a field effect transistor can act as a resonator for plasma waves propagating in a two-dimensional electron gas. The plasma frequency increases with reduction of the channel length and can reach the terahertz (THz) range for nanometer size transistors. Recent experimental results show these transistors can be potential candidates for a new class of THz detectors and emitters. This work gives an overview of our recent relevant experimental results. We also outline unresolved problems and questions concerning THz detection and emission by nanometer transistors.
Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Immune Function of HIV-infected Adults with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and CD4+ >350 Cells/mm3 (2011)

In HIV-infected adults with tuberculosis and CD4(+) T cell counts >350 cells/mm(3), both tuberculosis treatment and concurrent HIV-tuberculosis treatment reduce T cell activation and stabilize T cell counts. Concurrent ART with tuberculosis treatment does not provide additional, sustained reductions in T cell activation among individuals with preserved immunologic function.
Controlling Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tobacco through Resistance (2001)

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infects all classes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and causes losses worldwide. The N gene is the most effective means of controlling TMV; however, this gene is associated with reduced yield and quality in flue-cured tobacco. The mode of inheritance of TMV resistance was determined in two tobacco introductions (TI) from N. tabacum germplasm, both of which produced a hypersensitive response when inoculated with TMV. Inheritance studies with TI 1504 and TI 1473 indicate that a single dominant gene controls resistance. The gene governing resistance in TI 1504 is allelic to the N gene in NC 567. The gene providing resistance in TI 1473 is not allelic to the N gene, providing a potentially new source of resistance. Currently, plant breeders must rely on the N gene. The N gene is used in the heterozygous state to help overcome poor agronomic effects associated with homozygous resistance; however, systemic movement of TMV is occasionally seen in resistant plants. A TMV susceptible inbred (K 326), a resistant inbred (NC 567), and three resistant hybrids (NC 297, RGH4, and Speight H2O) were inoculated with TMV at transplanting, layby, and topping using different inoculation methods. Plant parts were tested for viral presence and biological activity. Viral movement into all plant parts was observed in K 326. No systemic movement was evident in the plant parts of NC 567, while virus did move into the corollas, pistils, late season sucker growth, and roots of the resistant hybrids showing systemic necrosis.
DISFA: A Spontaneous Facial Action Intensity Database (2013)

Access to well-labeled recordings of facial expression is critical to progress in automated facial expression recognition. With few exceptions, publicly available databases are limited to posed facial behavior that can differ markedly in conformation, intensity, and timing from what occurs spontaneously. To meet the need for publicly available corpora of well-labeled video, we collected, ground-truthed, and prepared for distribution the Denver intensity of spontaneous facial action database. Twenty-seven young adults were video recorded by a stereo camera while they viewed video clips intended to elicit spontaneous emotion expression. Each video frame was manually coded for presence, absence, and intensity of facial action units according to the facial action unit coding system. Action units are the smallest visibly discriminable changes in facial action; they may occur individually and in combinations to comprise more molar facial expressions. To provide a baseline for use in future research, protocols and benchmarks for automated action unit intensity measurement are reported. Details are given for accessing the database for research in computer vision, machine learning, and affective and behavioral science.
Dual-channel 1.5 Mb/s lightwave receiver employing an InGaAsP wavelength-demultiplexing detector (1979)

A dual-channel 1.5 Mb/s lightwave receiver has been operated simultaneously with optical signals at two different wavelengths. Two individually modulated InGaAsP/InP l.e.d.s provided optical signals at 10 and 1.18 μm wavelengths, and a new dual-wavelength photodetector served as a demultiplexing detector. The effect of interchannel interference on error rate was measured.
Regulation of Cbl-Associated Protein/Cbl Pathway in Muscle and Adipose Tissues of Two Animal Models of Insulin Resistance (2003)

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent pathway to induce glucose transport may involve the tyrosine phosphorylation of the protooncogene c-Cbl. In the present study, we examined whether acute exposure to insulin stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl and its association with Cbl-associated protein (CAP) in muscle and adipose tissue of rats in vivo. We report herein that insulin induces Cbl tyrosine phosphorylation and association with CAP in adipose tissue but not in muscle. We also examined the expression and tyrosyl-phosphorylation state of Cbl and CAP/Cbl association in adipose tissue of rats submitted to prolonged fasting and in monosodium glutamate (MSG)-insulin-resistant rats. An increase in Cbl phosphorylation is observed in the fat of MSG rats, parallel with an increase in association of CAP-Cbl as well as an augment in CAP and Cbl protein expression in the adipose tissue of these animals. These events are accompanied by a decrease in insulin-stimulated insulin receptor/ insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and an increase in the IRS-2/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/Foxo1 pathway. In adipocytes of fasted rats, there is a decrease in CAP and Cbl protein expression, insulin-induced Cbl phosphorylation, and the association with CAP. In parallel, there is also a decrease in the insulin receptor/IRSs/Akt/Foxo1 pathway. Thus, insulin is able to induce Cbl tyrosine phosphorylation and its association with CAP in the adipose tissue of normal rats. In addition, our data provide evidence that the CAP-Cbl pathway may have a role in the modulation of adiposity in fasting and in MSG-treated rats.
Role of transcription factor KLF11 and its diabetes-associated gene variants in pancreatic beta cell function (2005)

KLF11 (TIEG2) is a pancreas-enriched transcription factor that has elicited significant attention because of its role as negative regulator of exocrine cell growth in vitro and in vivo. However, its functional role in the endocrine pancreas remains to be established. Here, we report, for the first time, to our knowledge, the characterization of KLF11 as a glucose-inducible regulator of the insulin gene. A combination of random oligonucleotide binding, EMSA, luciferase reporter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays shows that KLF11 binds to the insulin promoter and regulates its activity in beta cells. Genetic analysis of the KLF11 gene revealed two rare variants (Ala347Ser and Thr220Met) that segregate with diabetes in families with early-onset type 2 diabetes, and significantly impair its transcriptional activity. In addition, analysis of 1,696 type 2 diabetes mellitus and 1,776 normoglycemic subjects show a frequent polymorphic Gln62Arg variant that significantly associates with type 2 diabetes mellitus in North European populations (OR = 1.29, P = 0.00033). Moreover, this variant alters the corepressor mSin3A-binding activity of KLF11, impairs the activation of the insulin promoter and shows lower levels of insulin expression in pancreatic beta cells. In addition, subjects carrying the Gln62Arg allele show decreased plasma insulin after an oral glucose challenge. Interestingly, all three nonsynonymous KLF11 variants show increased repression of the catalase 1 promoter, suggesting a role in free radical clearance that may render beta cells more sensitive to oxidative stress. Thus, both functional and genetic analyses reveal that KLF11 plays a role in the regulation of pancreatic beta cell physiology, and its variants may contribute to the development of diabetes.
Scalable models of ion transport for electrolyte materials discovery (2016)

Solid polymeric electrolytes have the potential to greatly improve battery efficiency and stability, but ions like Li simply diffuse\ntoo slowly in current materials for them to be viable. The challenge for computationally designing new polymers lies in\naccurately modeling both the long- timescale of ion transport and the chem. specific ion- polymer couplings that govern ion\nmotion. In this talk, I will show how short atomistic simulations can be combined with a generalizable mesoscopic ion\ntransport model to reliably predict ion diffusivity across many chem. classes of polymers. This model has now been used to\ncharacterize several hundred new materials and the talk will cover results for several new classes of polymer electrolytes\nexhibiting high Li diffusivity and interesting new mechanistic ion transport features.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Nanostructured TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalysts via Template Approach (2007)

Two kinds of TiO2 nanostructures, i.e., TiO2-coated alumina membranes and TiO2-coated Ni nanowires, were prepared by combining different kinds of porous alumina, template-directed electrodeposition and atomic layer deposition. The photocatalytic activities of the nanostructures were tested with methylene blue degradation under UV illumination. All structures showed photocatalytic activity, and the efficiency of the photocatalytic performance was found to be a strong function of the dimensions of the nanostructure.
Downregulation of several fibulin genes in prostate cancer (2007)

Abstract BACKGROUND Fibulins, encoded by FBLN genes, are extracellular matrix proteins influencing cell adhesion and migration. Altered expression of fibulins is associated with progression of several cancer types, but has not been studied in prostate cancer. METHODS Expression of FBLN1 (major splice forms C and D), FBLN4 , FBLN5 , SPOCK1 , and TENC was compared between 47 prostate cancer samples and 13 benign prostatic tissues by quantitative RT‐PCR. Fibulin‐1 and fibulin‐5 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. Effects of androgens and the DNA methylation inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine on fibulin expression were investigated in different prostate cancer cell lines. RESULTS Our recent microarray analysis suggested downregulation of three fibulins, FBLN1 , FBLN4 , and FBLN5 , in prostate cancer, while two further ECM genes, SPOCK1 (testican) and TENC (tenascin C), appeared upregulated or unchanged. These observations were corroborated by quantitative RT‐PCR. Accordingly, FBLN1 and FBLN4 were weakly expressed in carcinoma lines compared to normal prostate epithelial cells (PrECs). Only FBLN4 was induced by 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, but its promoter was unmethylated. Androgen did not affect expression of FBLN genes. The FBLN1C and FBLN1D splice forms were coordinately expressed. Fibulin‐1 protein was weakly detectable in benign PrECs, but tended to accumulate in cancer cells. Fibulin‐5 was predominantly located in the stroma with a strong gradient from the periurethral to the peripheral zone, and lost in cancers. CONCLUSIONS Three FBLN genes are significantly downregulated in prostate cancer, whereas SPOCK1 is often upregulated. FBLN5 downregulation fits its postulated anticancerous function, whereas FBLN1 and FBLN4 behave different than in certain other cancers. Prostate 67: 1770–1780, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neuroprotection in cerebellar granule cells requires new RNA and protein synthesis. (1992)

Cerebellar granule cells are susceptible to the excitotoxin glutamate, which acts at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, as well as the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), the active cytotoxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Paradoxically, preincubation of cultured cerebellar granule cells with low concentrations of NMDA or glutamate markedly antagonizes the neurotoxicity resulting from subsequent exposure to toxic concentrations of either MPP+ or glutamate. The neuroprotective effects of NMDA and glutamate against MPP+ toxicity are observed at agonist concentrations as low as 1 microM, are blocked by specific NMDA receptor antagonists, and require at least 30 min to develop fully. Moreover, NMDA receptor-mediated neuroprotection is prevented by the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D or the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Thus, in cerebellar granule cells activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate can result in either neurotoxicity or neuroprotection, depending on the apparent degree of receptor stimulation. NMDA receptor-mediated neuroprotection requires new RNA and protein synthesis and therefore appears to be mediated by the expression of a neuroprotective protein(s). These data demonstrate the presence of an active NMDA receptor-mediated and transcriptionally directed neuroprotective mechanism in cerebellar granule cells.
Classification of prefrontal activity due to mental arithmetic and music imagery using hidden Markov models and frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy (2010)

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has recently been investigated as a non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI). In particular, previous research has shown that NIRS signals recorded from the motor cortex during left- and right-hand imagery can be distinguished, providing a basis for a two-choice NIRS-BCI. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of an alternative two-choice NIRS-BCI paradigm based on the classification of prefrontal activity due to two cognitive tasks, specifically mental arithmetic and music imagery. Deploying a dual-wavelength frequency domain near-infrared spectrometer, we interrogated nine sites around the frontopolar locations (International 10-20 System) while ten able-bodied adults performed mental arithmetic and music imagery within a synchronous shape-matching paradigm. With the 18 filtered AC signals, we created task- and subject-specific maximum likelihood classifiers using hidden Markov models. Mental arithmetic and music imagery were classified with an average accuracy of 77.2% +/- 7.0 across participants, with all participants significantly exceeding chance accuracies. The results suggest the potential of a two-choice NIRS-BCI based on cognitive rather than motor tasks.
PLASTICITY IN PIGMENTATION INDUCED BY CONFLICTING THREATS FROM PREDATION AND UV RADIATION (2004)

In a variable and unpredictable environment, phenotypic plasticity in morphology or behavior may considerably improve an organism's protection against environmental threats and thereby its fitness. Here I demonstrate that common freshwater organisms, copepods (Crustacea), show a plastic response by adjusting pigmentation level in relation to two environmental threats: ultraviolet radiation (UV) and predation. The red pigment in copepods, astaxanthin, reduces damage caused by UV radiation, but makes the organism more conspicuous, thereby exposing it to higher predation pressure. In a field survey of six lakes sampled monthly for 16 mo, I quantified UV and predation threat, as well as copepod pigmentation level. The relative threat ratio (UV/predation) was generally lowest during summer and highest during spring; this pattern was paralleled by pigmentation level among copepods. Moreover, the level of pigmentation among copepods in lakes with high predation pressure was lower than among those copepods in lakes with lower risk of predation. In a complementary experimental study performed under constant UV threat, calanoid copepods in the absence of predation threat responded with almost three times higher pigment levels, compared to those with fish present (caged). Hence, the correlative field survey and the mechanistic experiment together suggest that the level of pigmentation in copepods is an inducible and adjustable defense, governed by the aim to improve individual protection against prevailing threats from both predation and UV radiation.
One-pot synthesis of dispersible thermally stable organic downconversion materials under DBU catalyzation for high performance hybrid-LED lamps (2018)

Hybrid white LED lamps with high <italic>R</italic><sub>a</sub> (92) and efficiency (82 lm W<sup>−1</sup>) are reported. Using remote downconversion structure realizes 85% fluorescence remaining after 2870 h aging.