gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carrier frequency offsets estimation for uplink OFDMA systems using enhanced PSO and multiple access interference cancellation (2011)

Carrier frequency offset (CFO) is a major factor that degrades performance of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. For orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) uplink systems, there are multiple CFOs need to be estimated simultaneously, which is a very challenging task. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been recognized a potential approach for CFOs estimation. However, its performance deteriorates as the number of users increases due to insufficient particles diversity. To overcome this difficulty, an enhanced PSO called MRPSO is proposed to increase particles diversity by employing mutation and repulsive operations. Furthermore, a least square (LS) scheme is adopted to improve the estimated CFOs. Simulation results indicate that the proposed MRPSO attains best BER and MSE performances in CFOs estimation as compared to other PSO-based schemes.
An 80 ns 32K EEPROM using the FETMOS cell (1982)

A 32K bit EEPROM using the FETMOS (floating-gate electron tunneling MOS) cell has achieved a typical access time of 80 ns and a die size of 20.6 mm/SUP 2/ using approximately 3 /spl mu/m feature sizes. The device has many built-in ease of use and ease of test features, including multimode erase (word, page, and bulk), bulk `O' program, latched inputs for program and erase operation, nonlocked high voltage supply, and margin test capability for both programmed and erased states. A unique TPP (transparent-partial programming) yield enhancement technique, using polysilicon fuse programming, can convert partially good 32K dice into totally good 16K and 8K devices.
Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensor as a Tool to Study the Interaction of Antimicrobial Peptides with Phospholipid and Lipopolysaccharide Model Membranes (2008)

Surface acoustic wave biosensors are a powerful tool for the study of biomolecular interactions. The modulation of a surface-confined acoustic wave is utilized here for the analysis of surface binding. Phase and amplitude of the wave correspond roughly to mass loading and viscoelastic properties of the surface, respectively. We established a procedure to reconstitute phospholipid and lipopolysaccharide bilayers on the surface of a modified gold sensor chip to study the mode of action of membrane-active peptides. The procedure included the formation of a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanol, covalent coupling of carboxymethyl-dextran, and subsequent coating with a poly- l-lysine layer. The lipid coverage of the surface is highly reproducible and homogeneous as demonstrated in atomic force micrographs. Ethanol/triton treatment removed the lipids completely, which provided the basis for continuous sequences of independent experiments. The setup was applied to investigate the binding of human cathelicidin-derived peptide LL32, as an example for antimicrobial peptides, to immobilized phosphatidylserine membranes. The peptide-membrane interaction results in a positive phase shift and an increase in amplitude, indicating a mass increase along with a loss in viscosity. This suggests that the bilayer becomes more rigid upon interaction with LL32.
UDP-Glucose: (1→3)-β-Glucan Synthases from Mung Bean and Cotton (1987)

A re-examination of the kinetic properties of UDP-glucose: (1-->3)-beta-glucan (callose) synthases from mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata) and cotton fibers (Gossypium hirsutum) shows that these enzymes have a complex interaction with UDP-glucose and various effectors. Stimulation of activity by micromolar concentrations of Ca(2+) and millimolar concentrations of beta-glucosides or other polyols is highest at low (<100 micromolar) UDP-glucose concentrations. These effectors act both by raising the V(max) of the enzyme, and by lowering the apparent K(m) for UDP-glucose from >1 millimolar to 0.2 to 0.3 millimolar. Mg(2+) markedly enhances the affinity of the mung bean enzyme for Ca(2+) but not for beta-glucoside; with saturating Ca(2+), Mg(2+) only slightly stimulates further production of glucan. However, the presence of Mg(2+) during synthesis, or NaBH(4) treatment after synthesis, changes the nature of the product from dispersed, alkali-soluble fibrils to highly aggregated, alkali-insoluble fibrils. Callose synthesized in vitro by the Ca(2+), beta-glucoside-activated cotton fiber enzyme, with or without Mg(2+), is very similar in size to callose isolated from cotton fibers, but is a linear (1-->3)-beta-glucan lacking the small amount of branches at C-0-6 found in vivo. We conclude that the high degree of aggregation of the fibrils synthesized with Mg(2+)in vitro is caused either by an alteration of the glucan at the reducing end or, indirectly, by an effect of Mg(2+) on the conformation of the enzyme. Rate-zonal centrifugation of the solubilized mung bean callose synthase confirms that divalent cations can affect the size or conformation of this enzyme.
Intracellular Expression of <i>Vitreoscilla</i> Hemoglobin Alters the Aerobic Metabolism of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1994)

Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) has been expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its influence on yeast aerobic metabolism has been investigated. New expression vectors were constructed to express VHb constitutively under the control of the ADH-1 promoter. The presence of VHb was shown by Western blot analysis. VHb has been shown to localize predominantly in the cytoplasm. Batch fermentation results indicated that the wild-type strain expressing VHb exhibited a shift in the carbon flux toward ethanol production, with no significant alteration in the specific growth rate. This effect was not observed if cells were grown under respiration inhibition, indicating that the metabolic effect of VHb is likely linked to respiration. Expression of VHb in the adh degrees strain MC65-2A, which produces ethanol only via a respiration-coupled pathway, revealed that ethanol production was decreased and cells reached a higher final cell density in a culture of the VHb-expressing strain. Growth enhancement due to expression of VHb was observed only during the final stage of culture growth when the acetaldehyde produced during the first growth phase was used as a substrate. This metabolic effect of intracellular VHb was seen more clearly in an acetaldehyde fed-batch fermentation in which VHb-expressing cells grew to at least 3-fold higher final cell density. These results suggest that the action of VHb is likely linked to electron transfer.
A visual exploration algorithm using semantic cues that constructs image based hybrid maps (2010)

A vision based exploration algorithm that invokes semantic cues for constructing a hybrid map of images - a combination of semantic and topological maps is presented in this paper. At the top level the map is a graph of semantic constructs. Each node in the graph is a semantic construct or label such as a room or a corridor, the edge represented by a transition region such as a doorway that links the two semantic constructs. Each semantic node embeds within it a topological graph that constitutes the map at the middle level. The topological graph is a set of nodes, each node representing an image of the higher semantic construct. At the low level the topological graph embeds metric values and relations, where each node embeds the pose of the robot from which the image was taken and any two nodes in the graph are related by a transformation consisting of a rotation and translation. The exploration algorithm explores a semantic construct completely before moving or branching onto a new construct. Within each semantic construct it uses a local feature based exploration algorithm that uses a combination of local and global decisions to decide the next best place to move. During the process of exploring a semantic construct it identifies transition regions that serve as gateways to move from that construct to another. The exploration is deemed complete when all transition regions are marked visited. Loop detection happens at transition regions and graph relaxation techniques are used to close loops when detected to obtain a consistent metric embedding of the robot poses. Semantic constructs are labeled using a visual bag of words(VBOW) representation with a probabilistic SVM classifier.
Bearing current path and pulse rate in PWM-inverter-fed induction (2002)

In this paper, the authors present quantitative experimental results of the amplitude and rate of bearing current pulses emerging in common use PWM drives configurations. Based on measurement data and a simulation model, it has been shown that a whole path of bearing currents is closed inside of the motor and that these currents do not flow to a grounding arrangement as had been suggested in previous works.
Design of nonrecursive digital filters with minimum phase (1970)

A method is described of transforming nonrecursive filters with equal-ripple attenuation in the passband, stopband and linear phase into those with minimum phase and half the degree, but again with equal-ripple attenuation in the passband and stopband.
Continuous flow homogeneous alkene metathesis with built-in catalyst separation (2011)

Continuous flow homogeneous alkene metathesis using a supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalyst with CO2 as a transport vector allows the self-metathesis of methyl oleate with only a slight loss of activity for at least 10 h; cross-metathesis of dimethyl maleate with methyl oleate ceases after 3 h, but the catalyst remains active for methyl oleate metathesis. The reasons for this unusual behaviour are explored and a practical system for the cross-metathesis of methyl oleate with dimethyl maleate, under batch conditions, is described.
Early Prediction of Tumor Response to Treatment: Preclinical Validation of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Duramycin (2016)

We demonstrated that (99m)Tc-duramycin can be used to image induction of cell death early after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It holds potential to be translated into clinical use for early assessment of treatment response.
Fenton Electrochemical Treatment of Aqueous Atrazine and Metolachlor (1998)

A bench-scale Fenton electrochemical system was used to study the degradation of two widely used herbicides, atrazine and metolachlor. In this system the degradation of the herbicides occurs by attack of hydroxyl radicals which are produced from reaction of hydrogen peroxide with electrochemically generated ferrous iron. The goals of the study were to achieve degradation of the herbicides by optimizing reagent concentrations and to identify degradation pathways. Herbicide degradation was determined with respect to iron and hydrogen peroxide concentrations and their rate of addition. Effects of near-UV illumination and herbicide concentration on the degradation of the herbicides were also studied. Adding hydrogen peroxide in multiple smaller doses resulted in enhanced removal of the herbicides, especially metolachlor (greater than 99% degradation), as compared to adding it all at once at the beginning of the treatment. The degradation of atrazine, which was initially difficult, was enhanced (greater than 99% degradation) by using a small molar excess of hydrogen peroxide to iron (5:1) and maintaining the ratio for the entire period of treatment. Atrazine degradation in this system appears to be via N-dealkylation and dechlorination. Keywords: Atrazine; degradation; electrochemical; Fenton; herbicides; hydroxyl; radicals; metolachlor
LFA-1 Is a Key Determinant for Preferential Infection of Memory CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2005)

Memory CD4+ T cells are considered a stable latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and a barrier to eradication of this retroviral infection in patients under therapy. It has been shown that memory CD4+ T cells are preferentially infected with HIV-1, but the exact mechanism(s) responsible for this higher susceptibility remains obscure. Previous findings indicate that incorporation of host-derived intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in HIV-1 increases virus infectivity. To measure the putative involvement of virus-anchored ICAM-1 in the preferential infection of memory cells by HIV-1, quiescent and activated naive and memory T-cell subsets were exposed to isogenic virions either lacking or bearing ICAM-1. Memory CD4+ T cells were found to be more susceptible than naive CD4+ T cells to infection with ICAM-1-bearing virions, as exemplified by a more important virus replication, an increase in integrated viral DNA copies, and a more efficient entry process. Interactions between virus-associated host ICAM-1 and cell surface LFA-1 under a cluster formation seem to be responsible for the preferential HIV-1 infection of the memory cell subset. Altogether, these data shed light on a potential mechanism by which HIV-1 preferentially targets long-lived memory CD4+ T cells.
Physiological and Medical Monitoring for En Route Care of Combat Casualties (2008)

We propose that derived indices based on currently available technology for continuous monitoring of specific hemodynamic, autonomic, and/or metabolic responses could provide earlier recognition of hemorrhage than current standard vital signs and allow intervention before the onset of circulatory shock. Because of this, such indices could provide improved feedback for closed-loop control of patient resuscitation and oxygen delivery. These technological advances could prove instrumental in advancing decision-support capabilities for prehospital trauma care during transport to higher levels of care in both the military and civilian environments.
A Scheme to Optimize Flow Routing and Polling Switch Selection of Software Defined Networks (2015)

This paper aims at minimizing the communication cost for collecting flow information in Software Defined Networks (SDN). Since flow-based information collecting method requires too much communication cost, and switch-based method proposed recently cannot benefit from controlling flow routing, jointly optimize flow routing and polling switch selection is proposed to reduce the communication cost. To this end, joint optimization problem is formulated as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model firstly. Since the ILP model is intractable in large size network, we also design an optimal algorithm for the multi-rooted tree topology and an efficient heuristic algorithm for general topology. According to extensive simulations, it is found that our method can save up to 55.76% communication cost compared with the state-of-the-art switch-based scheme.
Release of DNA from Dead and Dying Lymphocyte and Monocyte Cell Lines <i>In Vitro</i> (2004)

DNA is a nuclear macromolecule that circulates in the blood where its levels can reflect the activity of inflammatory and malignant diseases. While dead and dying cells have usually been considered the source of blood DNA, the mechanisms for its release during apoptosis and necrosis are not well defined. To elucidate DNA release, an in vitro model system was used, assessing DNA in the media of living, apoptotic or necrotic Jurkat and U937 cells. Apoptosis was induced by etoposide, camptothecin or staurosporine, while necrosis was induced by heating at 56 degrees C. DNA release was measured by fluorometry with the dye PicoGreen while the extent of death was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis with propidium iodide and annexin. Apoptotic Jurkat cells released significantly more DNA in the media than untreated cells while necrotic cells did not show significant DNA release. U937 cells showed similar findings. Pretreatment of Jurkat cells with z-VAD-fmk, a caspase inhibitor, reduced both apoptosis and DNA release. By gel electrophoresis, extracellular DNA from apoptotic cells showed laddering with low molecular weight fragments. These studies suggest that extracellular release of DNA is a consequence of apoptosis and may account for some of the DNA in the blood.
Simple wet etching of GaN (2001)

We discuss investigations into a contactless UV-enhanced wet etching technique for GaN. The technique utilizes the oxidising agent potassium persulfate to consume photogenerated electrons, thus avoiding the need for an electrical contact to an external cathode. The etch rate is strongly dependent on illumination intensity and uniformity and on the pH of the KOH solution, as is the roughness of the etched surface. The implementation of a dual illumination scheme whereby an additional UVC lamp was used to illuminate only the solution and not the wafer, resulted in an increased etch rate and smoother etched surface. Finally, the ohmic nature of contacts deposited on n-type GaN that had been etched in this manner was found to be improved compared to contacts on the unetched surface.
New Pathways for Alimentary Mucositis (2008)

Alimentary mucositis is a major dose-limiting toxicity associated with anticancer treatment. It is responsible for reducing patient quality of life and represents a significant economic burden in oncology. The pathobiology of alimentary mucositis is extremely complex, and an increased understanding of mechanisms and pathway interactions is required to rationally design improved therapies. This review describes the latest advances in defining mechanisms of alimentary mucositis pathobiology in the context of pathway activation. It focuses particularly on the recent genome-wide analyses of regimen-related mucosal injury and the identification of specific regulatory pathways implicated in mucositis development. This review also discusses the currently known alimentary mucositis risk factors and the development of novel treatments. Suggestions for future research directions have been raised.
Production of monoclonal antibodies specific for Eimeria tenella microgametocytes. (1987)

A panel of 4 monoclonal antibodies specific for Eimeria tenella, the causative agent of cecal coccidiosis of birds in the genus Gallus, was produced by standard techniques. The indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test demonstrated specificity of these 4 antibodies for the microgametocytes. Hybridoma TIA3B9 secreted a monoclonal antibody of subisotype IgG2b that was used throughout the course of this study. Immunologic potency of this antibody was demonstrated by in vitro experiments that revealed a greater than 50% reduction in oocyst production, indicating an apparent inhibition of fertilization.
The roles of IL-4, TGF-beta and LPS in IgA switching. (1992)

CH12.LX B cells have been used as a lymphoma model of MHC restricted, antigen-dependent B cell differentiation. These B cells express surface IgM and secrete IgM. Most recently we have demonstrated that CH12.LX is a model of cytokine driven IgA differentiation. Recently, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has been shown to be a probable switch factor for IgA in LPS-stimulated mouse lymphocytes, therefore we chose CH12.LX B cells to study the effect of IL-4, TGF-beta and LPS in IgA isotype switching. Adding TGF-beta to the monoclonal cell line CH12.LX results in induction of mIgA expression but no enhancement of IgA secretion similar to the effect of IL-4. The addition of LPS serves as a non-specific stimulus to enhance the secretion of the expressed immunoglobulin, but has no IgA specific activity of its own. IL-4 and TGF-beta together are synergistic for mIgA expression. Pretreatment studies show that TGF-beta added after IL-4 is the same as TGF-beta alone whereas the converse is the same as adding both cytokines together. TGF-beta acts by increasing the steady state levels of alpha message, whereas northern analysis indicates that IL-4 does not induce alpha message the way TGF-beta does. These data confirm that TGF-beta by itself is an isotype switch factor for IgA. In addition, IL-4 and TGF-beta cause mIgA expression through different mechanisms. CH12.LX B cells serve as a valuable model to study the role of multiple signals required for mIgA expression and IgA secretion.
Identifying Anomalous Port-Specific Network Behavior (2010)

Increasing trends in traffic volume on specific ports may indicate new interest in a vulnerability associated with that port. This activity can be a precursor to internet-wide attacks. Port-specific behavior can also arise from stealthy applications that migrate to different ports in order to evade firewalls. But detecting this subtle activity among thousands of monitored ports requires careful statistical modeling as well as methods for controlling false positives. The analysis documented in this report is a large-scale application of statistical outlier detection for determining unusual port-specific network behavior. The method uses a robust correlation measure to cluster related ports and to control for the background baseline traffic trend. A scaled, median-corrected process, called a Z-score, is calculated for the hourly volume measurements for each port. The Z-score measures how unusual each port's behavior is in comparison with the rest of the ports in its cluster. The researchers discuss lessons learned from applying the method to the hourly count of incoming flow records for a carrier-class network over a period of three weeks.
The Holy Grail of "Systems for Machine Learning" (2019)

Although there is a large corpus of research focused on using machine learning to detect cyber threats, the solutions presented are rarely actually adopted in the real world. In this paper, we discuss the challenges that currently limit the adoption of machine learning in security operations, with a special focus on label acquisition, model deployment, and the integration of model findings into existing investigation workflows. Moreover, we posit that the conventional approach to the development of machine learning models, whereby researchers work offline on representative datasets to develop accurate models, is not valid for many cybersecurity use cases. Instead, a different approach is needed: to integrate the creation and maintenance of machine learning models into security operations themselves.
Global trajectory reconstruction from distributed visual sensors (2008)

We propose a framework to reconstruct complete object trajectories across the field-of-views of multiple semi-overlapping cameras. The framework is based on three main steps: local trajectory and object metadata extraction; trajectory transformation onto a common virtual top-view of the scene (ground plane); and global trajectory reconstruction. The extraction of trajectory metadata is based on object detection and tracking in each sensor (partial view) and is followed by an homographic projection on a common ground plane. We then associate the projections generated by the same moving object and refine them by interpolating possible gaps due to detection in-accuracies. Finally, we link the trajectories to reconstruct the full traces from the transformed projections (trajectory fragments) across the entire network of cameras. We demonstrate the proposed algorithm on a challenging sport scenario (football match) where objects (players) move in close proximity thus generating ambiguous observations.
DOS, the complete reference (1987)

This reference is written for PC-DOS and MS-DOS users and covers the major DOS 5 features, commands, and programming techniques. Each chapter begins with a discussion of a specific application followed by a list of related commands. The new capabilities of DOS 5 are discussed, including a more powerful BASIC programming language, a new editor and an altered interface, as well as the new Works-like interface.