gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Negative regulation of the inflammasome: keeping inflammation under control (2015)

In addition to its roles in controlling infection and tissue repair, inflammation plays a critical role in diverse and distinct chronic diseases, such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative disorders, underscoring the harmful effect of an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Regardless of the nature of the stimulus, initiation of the inflammatory response is mediated by assembly of a multimolecular protein complex called the inflammasome, which is responsible for the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. The different stimuli and mechanisms that control inflammasome activation are fairly well understood, but the mechanisms underlying the control of undesired inflammasome activation and its inactivation remain largely unknown. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that negatively regulate inflammasome activation to prevent unwanted activation in the resting state, as well as those involved in terminating the inflammatory response after a specific insult to maintain homeostasis.
Identification and characterization of <i>int</i> (integrase), <i>xis</i> (excisionase) and chromosomal attachment sites of the integrative and conjugative element ICE<i>Bs1</i> of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2007)

ICEBs1 is an integrative and conjugative element (conjugative transposon) integrated into trnS-leu2 in Bacillus subtilis. In response to DNA damage or high concentrations of potential mating partners, ICEBs1 can excise and transfer to various recipients, including other species. We found that excision of ICEBs1 occurs by site-specific recombination within 60 bp direct repeats that mark the junctions between ICEBs1 and chromosomal DNA. Excision required two ICEBs1 genes, int (integrase, ydcL), predicted to encode a tyrosine recombinase similar to that of phage lambda, and xis (excisionase, sacV). Ectopic expression of xis was sufficient to induce excision of ICEBs1, indicating that regulation of xis transcription by DNA damage and peptide signalling normally controls excision. Int, but not Xis, was needed for site-specific integration. We found that in the absence of the primary bacterial attachment site (attB) in trnS-leu2, ICEBs1 integrated in secondary attachment sites that are similar to a 17 bp sequence in attB. In the absence of int, ICEBs1 could recombine into the chromosome by RecA-dependent homologous recombination, provided ICEBs1 contained a region of sequence identity to a chromosomal locus.
An evaluation of statistical language modeling for speech recognition using a mixed category of both words and parts-of-speech (2002)

In our previous paper, we proposed a mixed category of words and parts-of-speech names of the MWP category based on class N-gram modeling (Kawai et al., 1995). However, we had not confirmed the efficiency of the MWP category. In this paper, we evaluate the proposed MWP category. At first we use "coverage of words and category sequences to open data" and "perplexity to training data" for the evaluation and we confirmed that the characteristics of parts-of-speech are useful for generating a suitable class N-gram modeling. As a result of the speech recognition experimentation, we also confirmed that the class N-gram modeling using the MWP category is effective in improving the recognition rate for open data that shows a low coverage of words and category sequences, without decreasing the recognition rate much for closed data.
Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Receptor Is a Target of Leptin Action in the Mouse Brain (2001)

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that is important in the regulation of energy homeostasis. MCH signals via a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, which is coupled to Gαi. This receptor was initially cloned in rat and human and designated SLC-1 because of its homology to the somatostatin receptor. In rat brain, it is expressed in a pattern that mirrors the previously described pattern of projections of MCH-immunoreactive fibers.
Sinus floor augmentation with β‐tricalciumphosphate (β‐TCP): does platelet‐rich plasma promote its osseous integration and degradation? (2003)

When dental implants are to be inserted, sinus floor augmentation is an effective treatment procedure to improve bone height in the posterior maxilla. In addition to autogenous bone material, allogenic materials, e.g. beta-tricalciumphosphate (beta-TCP), have been used successfully. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the combination of beta-TCP with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enhances bony regeneration and resorption of the tricalciumphosphate material. In a randomized prospective trial, 45 sinus floor elevations were performed in 39 patients. In 22 sites, PRP was added to the beta-TCP granules, while in 23 sites beta-TCP without PRP was used. Six months later, bone specimens were harvested from the augmented region during the implant insertion procedure. The formation of new bone was about 8-10% higher when PRP was applied. A faster degradation of the ceramic bone substitute was not observed. In conclusion, when PRP was added to beta-TCP, bone regeneration was supported to a small extent. However, the resorption of beta-TCP was not accelerated and foreign-body giant cells and soft tissue surrounding the beta-TCP granules were present.
Adversarially Regularized Autoencoders for Generating Discrete Structures. (2017)

Generative adversarial networks are an effective approach for learning rich latent representations of continuous data, but have proven difficult to apply directly to discrete structured data, such as text sequences or discretized images. Ideally we could encode discrete structures in a continuous code space to avoid this problem, but it is difficult to learn an appropriate general-purpose encoder. In this work, we consider a simple approach for handling these two challenges jointly, employing a discrete structure autoencoder with a code space regularized by generative adversarial training. The model learns a smooth regularized code space while still being able to model the underlying data, and can be used as a discrete GAN with the ability to generate coherent discrete outputs from continuous samples. We demonstrate empirically how key properties of the data are captured in the model's latent space, and evaluate the model itself on the tasks of discrete image generation, text generation, and semi-supervised learning.
Intelligent power monitoring systems for battery-powered electric vehicles (2015)

An intelligent power monitoring system is studied and implemented in a two-wheeled battery-powered electric vehicle. The power monitoring system utilizes a neural network to estimate the state of charge for the battery-powered electric vehicle. The neural network is trained by the internal loss data of the battery of the vehicle in order to approximate its energy characteristic. The trained neural network is implemented on a tablet computer and provides the real time estimate of remainder energy which denotes the remainder distance. Some experiments are performed to verify the accuracy of the energy estimate for the two-wheeled battery-powered electric vehicle.
Amino- and Ammonium-alkylaminobenzoquinones as Curarimimetic Agents (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino- and Ammonium-alkylaminobenzoquinones as Curarimimetic AgentsChester J. Cavallito, Albert E. Soria, and James O. HoppeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 6, 2661–2665Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01162a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01162a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical implications of airway hyper-responsiveness in COPD (2006)

COPD represents one of the leading causes of mortality in the general population. This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and COPD and its relevance for clinical practice. We performed a MEDLINE search that yielded a total of 1919 articles. Eligible studies were defined as articles that addressed specific aspects of AHR in COPD, such as prevalence, pathogenesis, or prognosis. AHR appears to be present in at least one out of two individuals with COPD. The occurrence of AHR in COPD is influenced by multiple mechanisms, among which impairment of factors that oppose airway narrowing plays an important role. The main determinants of AHR are reduction in lung function and smoking status. We envision a dual role of AHR: in suspected COPD, specific determinants of AHR, such as reactivity and the plateau response, may help the physician to discriminate COPD from asthma; in definite COPD, AHR may be relevant for the prognosis. Indeed, AHR is an independent predictor of mortality in COPD patients. Smoking cessation has been shown to reduce AHR. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether this functional change is associated with improvement in lung function and respiratory symptoms.
The state of the art in non‐pharmacological interventions for developmental stuttering. Part 1: a systematic review of effectiveness (2015)

This review highlights a need for greater consensus with regard to the key outcomes used to evaluate stuttering interventions, and also a need for enhanced understanding of the process whereby interventions effect change. Further analysis of the variation in effectiveness for different individuals or groups is needed in order to identify who may benefit most from which intervention.
Nitroglycerin Enhances the Ability of Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography to Detect Hibernating Myocardium (1997)

NTG enhances the improvement of wall thickening at low-dose dobutamine and does not prevent high-dose dobutamine from inducing ischemia in hibernating myocardium. Thus, NTG augments the biphasic response of wall thickening and improves the accuracy of DSE for detecting viable myocardium.
Anaerobic‐Aerobic Biological Treatment of Starch Industry Waste Waters (1983)

Abstract A full scale plant for anaerobic‐aerobic treatment of potato starch waste water was evaluated. In the paper, results are given from the first campaign 1977 – 1978 as well as from a follow‐up period in the campaign 1981 – 1982. BOD 5 ‐reductions of 98 – 99% were generally obtained during the first campaign, together with a substantial reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus. During the 1981– 1982 campaign BOD 5 ‐reductions were 90–98%. Results are also presented for pilot‐scale investigations on anaerobic‐aerobic treatment of a wheat starch industry waste water and a bourbon distillery waste water. Very high overall reductions in COD ( > 90%) and BOD 5 (97 – 99%) could be obtained. Introduction of a denitrification stage in the pilot test with bourbon distillery waste water resulted in nitrogen reductions of 95%.
Molecular Characterization of the Iron-Hydroxamate Uptake System in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2001)

To investigate iron uptake, a chromosomal locus containing three consecutive open reading frames, designated fhuC, fhuB, and fhuD, was identified in Staphylococcus aureus. Whereas the fhuC gene encodes an ATP-binding protein, fhuB and fhuD code for ferrichrome permeases and thus resemble an ATP-binding cassette transporter. A fhuB knockout mutant showed impaired uptake of iron bound to the siderophores but not of ferric chloride, suggesting that this operon is specific for siderophore-mediated iron uptake.
Viscometric determination of molecular weight of cellulose pulps in zinc ethylenediamine solution (1963)

A convenient method of preparing zinc ethylenediamine complex (ZED) solution for use as solvent for cellulose pulp is described, and the advantages in using this solvent (0.25M zinc in 41% ethylenediamine in water) over cupriethylenediamine (CED) or cuprammonium solutions for viscometric determination of molecular weight of cellulose are indicated. Intrinsic viscosities of eight rayon-grade pulp solutions have been determined at four temperatures: 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. The constants K = 5.85 × 10−5 and a = 0.936 of the Mark-Houwink equation [η] = KM, required for evaluating the molecular weight of cellulose pulps in ZED solution, have been determined by using the molecular weight values obtained from CED solutions.
Analysis of speckle noise in bar-code scanning systems (2001)

Laser beams used for bar-code scanning exhibit speckle noise generated by the roughness of the surface on which bar codes are printed. Statistical properties of a photodetector signal that integrates a time-varying speckle pattern falling on its aperture are analyzed in detail. We derive simple closed-form expressions for the autocorrelation function and the power spectral density of the detector current for scanning beams with arbitrary field distributions. Theoretical calculations are illustrated by numerical simulations as well.
The Selection and Management of an Office Computer System (1989)

At the end of this chapter you should be able to:
Optimal predistortion of Gaussian inputs for clipping channels (1996)

For a clipped channel with a Gaussian input, a predistortion/restoration technique to reduce clipping-induced nonlinear distortion is proposed and analyzed. The input signal is processed by a nonlinear predistorter circuit, reducing the probability of clipping. The receiver output signal passes through a restorer having an inverse transfer characteristic, which yields the original signal. For both one-sided and two-sided limiter channels, the optimal predistortion curves are determined analytically. A limiter channel with Gaussian input may be used to model clipping-induced nonlinear distortion in optical-fiber common antenna television (CATV) distribution systems using multiple intensity-modulated subcarriers. When applied to an amplitude-modulated vestigial-sideband (AM-VSB) CATV system, the optimal predistortion curves yield sensitivity improvements of 5.3 and 4.4 dB for oneand two-sided limiter channels, respectively.
Double-Channel Bistatic SAR System With Spaceborne Illuminator for 2-D and 3-D SAR Remote Sensing (2013)

This paper presents a double-channel hybrid bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system. It can be implemented with the available illuminator (e.g., spaceborne and airborne SAR systems) to acquire the 2-D and 3-D microwave images for remote-sensing applications. This system can be used as a test system for the validation of complex bistatic acquisitions, novel synchronization algorithms, and advanced imaging techniques. In this paper, we will demonstrate the time and phase synchronization strategies, fast time-domain imaging algorithm, 2-D bistatic SAR, and 3-D bistatic stereo radargrammetry in SAR images. Based on the proposed bistatic system, the acquired bistatic image has a much better sensitivity than its monostatic counterpart, which will facilitate the detection and recognition of targets based on their characteristic and bistatic scattering behaviors. Finally, the experiment results highlight the differences between monotatic and bistatic SAR images.
A Web 2.0-Based Scientific Application Framework (2010)

A significant obstacle to building usable, web-based interfaces for computational science in a Grid environment is how to deploy scientific applications on computational resources and expose these applications as web services. To streamline the development of these interfaces, we propose a new application framework that can deliver user-defined scientific workflows as both web services and OpenSocial gadgets. Through this application framework, scientists can focus on defining computational workflows using domain-specific applications and can use the software tools in the framework to quickly generate gadgets for running the applications and visualizing the output from workflow executions. By assembling these domain-specific gadgets and some common gadgets predefined in the framework for workflow management, scientists can easily set up a customized computational workspace to meet their requirements.
Marketing Mix Modelling and Return on Investment (2010)

The marketing mix model is a widely used tool to evaluate Return on Investment (ROI) and inform optimal allocation of the marketing budget. Economics and econometrics lie at the heart of the process. In the first place, the model structure is derived from microeconomic theories of consumer demand ranging from single equations of product sales to full interactive systems of brand choice. Secondly, econometric techniques are used to estimate demand response to marketing investments, separating product sales into base and incremental volume. Base sales represent the long-run or trend component of the product time series, driven by factors ranging from regular shelf price and selling distribution to underlying consumer brand preferences. Incremental volume, on the other hand, is essentially short-run in nature, capturing the week-to-week sales variation driven by temporary selling price, multi-buy promotions and above the line media activity. These are converted into incremental revenues or profits and benchmarked against costs to calculate ROI to each element of the marketing mix.
Effects of a Blended Chinese Medicine, Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang, on Lewis Lung Carcinoma Growth and Inhibition of Lung Metastasis, with Special Reference to Macrophage Activation (1986)

The antitumor effects of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (Shosaiko-To: SHX) with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or cyclophosphamide (CY) were examined in an experimental system of lung metastasis induced by Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6crSlc mice. Lewis lung carcinoma cells were implanted into the footpads of the mice. Ten days later, the implanted tumors were surgically removed. The effects of SHX were evaluated by the number of lung surface nodules present 14 days after removal of the implanted tumor. The administration of SHX, p.o. (300 mg/kg X 2/day X 10) caused the antimetastatic effect. Therapy with SHX plus 5-FU or CY significantly inhibited the development of lung metastases. The number of peritoneal macrophages and the degree of the binding of C3 cleavage products (C3b) to macrophages were enhanced in the mice treated with SHX. Lung metastases were inhibited by the i.v. administration of peritoneal macrophages activated with SHX, p.o. These findings raise the possibility that SHX may have clinical value in the prevention of cancer metastasis.
Nanotribological studies using nanoparticle manipulation: Principles and application to structural lubricity (2014)

Abstract The term “structural lubricity” denotes a fundamental concept where the friction between two atomically flat surfaces is reduced due to lattice mismatch at the interface. Under favorable circumstances, its effect may cause a contact to experience ultra-low friction, which is why it is also referred to as “superlubricity”. While the basic principle is intriguingly simple, the experimental analysis of structural lubricity has been challenging. One of the main reasons for this predicament is that the tool most frequently used in nanotribology, the friction force microscope, is not well suited to analyse the friction of extended nanocontacts. To overcome this deficiency, substantial efforts have been directed in recent years towards establishing nanoparticle manipulation techniques, where the friction of nanoparticles sliding on a substrate is measured, as an alternative approach to nanotribological research. By choosing appropriate nanoparticles and substrates, interfaces exhibiting the characteristics needed for the occurrence of structural lubricity can be created. As a consequence, nanoparticle manipulation experiments such as in this review represent a unique opportunity to study the physical conditions and processes necessary to establish structural lubricity, thereby opening a path to exploit this effect in technological applications.
Hybrid quantum linear equation algorithm and its experimental test on IBM Quantum Experience (2019)

We propose a hybrid quantum algorithm based on the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithm for solving a system of linear equations. In this paper, we show that our hybrid algorithm can reduce a circuit depth from the original HHL algorithm by means of a classical information feed-forward after the quantum phase estimation algorithm, and the results of the hybrid algorithm are identical to those of the HHL algorithm. In addition, it is experimentally examined with four qubits in the IBM Quantum Experience setups, and the experimental results of our algorithm show higher accurate performance on specific systems of linear equations than that of the HHL algorithm.
Regional specificity of MRI contrast parameter changes in normal ageing revealed by voxel-based quantification (VBQ) (2011)

Normal ageing is associated with characteristic changes in brain microstructure. Although in vivo neuroimaging captures spatial and temporal patterns of age-related changes of anatomy at the macroscopic scale, our knowledge of the underlying (patho)physiological processes at cellular and molecular levels is still limited. The aim of this study is to explore brain tissue properties in normal ageing using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alongside conventional morphological assessment. Using a whole-brain approach in a cohort of 26 adults, aged 18-85years, we performed voxel-based morphometric (VBM) analysis and voxel-based quantification (VBQ) of diffusion tensor, magnetization transfer (MT), R1, and R2* relaxation parameters. We found age-related reductions in cortical and subcortical grey matter volume paralleled by changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), MT and R2*. The latter were regionally specific depending on their differential sensitivity to microscopic tissue properties. VBQ of white matter revealed distinct anatomical patterns of age-related change in microstructure. Widespread and profound reduction in MT contrasted with local FA decreases paralleled by MD increases. R1 reductions and R2* increases were observed to a smaller extent in overlapping occipito-parietal white matter regions. We interpret our findings, based on current biophysical models, as a fingerprint of age-dependent brain atrophy and underlying microstructural changes in myelin, iron deposits and water. The VBQ approach we present allows for systematic unbiased exploration of the interaction between imaging parameters and extends current methods for detection of neurodegenerative processes in the brain. The demonstrated parameter-specific distribution patterns offer insights into age-related brain structure changes in vivo and provide essential baseline data for studying disease against a background of healthy ageing.
Über eine neue Pyridinsynthese (1957)

Abstract α‐Carbonyl‐acetylen‐Verbindungen geben mit Enaminen, die eine aktivierende Gruppe enthalten, kristalline Additionsprodukte, die sich durch Erhitzen in hoher Ausbeute in substituierte Pyridinderivate überführen lassen. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird erörtert.