gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broad-Band Communication Systems in Great Britain (1986)

Great Britain, like other advanced countries, stands on the threshold of rapid changes in the local network driven by the twin forces of technological opportunity, which permit new network architectures and service capability, and demand for new services which can be flexibly and speedily provided. The paper first discusses the commercial and regulatory environment. The development of cable TV networks is then examined, particularly the more advanced forms of networks which support a wide range of interactive services such as videotex, photo videotex, and interactive video. Scenarios for telecommunications networks evolution are then outlined taking account of optical fiber systems and reliable VLSI circuitry developments. The two forms of network are compared and notable points of similarity are highlighted which suggest a natural convergence. Finally, some thoughts are presented on the possible nature of the network from this convergence.
Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Liposomal Gene Transfer and Systemic Growth Hormone Stimulate Wound Healing (1997)

Many of the anabolic effects of growth hormone (GH) act through insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Systemic administration of GH in combination with IGF-I has been shown to stimulate wound reepithelialization, however, it causes hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, respectively. We hypothesize that very low doses of IGF-I in a liposome form will have the same positive wound-healing effect when administered locally as the higher doses of GH plus IGF-I given systemically. To test this hypothesis, rats were given a 40% TBSA full-thickness scald injury and received either placebo IGF-I (5.0 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously), IGF-I liposome (0.9 microgram/kg/week, subcutaneously), or a combination of GH and IGF-I, or IGF-I liposomes for 8 weeks. GH in combination with IGF-I showed a significant increase in postburn weight. Wound reepithelialization, measured by computerized planimetry as percentage original wound area, was significantly increased in rats receiving GH plus IGF-I, GH plus IGF-I liposomes, and IGF-I liposomes when compared to sham, or IGF-I (p < 0.05). Results indicate that small doses of IGF-I, delivered in the form of liposomes, are equally effective in increasing burn wound reepithelialization as the higher doses of GH plus IGF-I, or GH plus IGF-I liposomes.
An empirical study of the factors that reduce the effectiveness of coverage-based fault localization (2009)

Coverage-based fault localization techniques typically assign a suspiciousness rank to the statements in a program following an analysis of the coverage of certain types of program elements by the failing and passing runs. The effectiveness of existing techniques has been limited despite the fact that researchers have explored various suspiciousness metrics, ranking strategies, and types of program elements. This work aims at identifying the factors that impair coverage-based fault localization. Specifically, we conducted an empirical study in which we assessed the prevalence of the following scenarios: 1) the condition for failure is met but the program does not fail; 2) the faulty statement is executed but the program does not fail; 3) the failure is correlated with a combination of more than one program element possibly of different types; 4) a large number of program elements occurred in all failing runs but in no passing runs.The study was conducted using 148 seeded versions of ten Java programs which included three releases of NanoXML, and seven programs from the Siemens test suite that were converted to Java. The results showed that most of the above scenarios occur frequently.
Possible Role of Human Natural Anti-Gal Antibodies in the Natural Antitumor Defense System (1989)

Expression of Gal alpha 1-3Gal cell surface residues has been correlated with the metastatic potential of murine tumor cells. We report that Gal alpha 1-3Gal residues are expressed at the cell surface of malignant human cancer cells, including four cell lines and 50% of the malignant breast specimens obtained by aspiration biopsy. In contrast, all benign breast biopsies and normal cells were Gal alpha 1-3Gal negative. Affinity-purified anti-alpha-galactosyl IgG (anti-Gal) antibody, which specifically recognizes Gal alpha 1-3Gal residues, significantly inhibited cell attachment in two in vitro assays thought to indicate tumor cell extravasation of the circulatory system during the metastatic process: attachment to perfused human umbilical vein endothelium, and attachment to isolated laminin. Since anti-Gal antibody is a natural component of all human sera, we propose that it may be part of the natural antitumor defense system in humans.
UML and XML schema (2002)

XML is rapidly becoming the standard method for sending information across the Internet. XML Schema, since its elevation to W3C Recommendation on the 2nd May 2001, is fast becoming the preferred means of describing structured XML data. However, until recently, there has been no effective means of graphically designing XML Schemas without exposing designers to low-level implementation issues. Bird, Goodchild and Halpin (2000) proposed a method to address this shortfall using the 'Object Role Modelling' conceptual language to generate XML Schemas.This paper seeks to build on this approach by defining a mapping between the Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams and XML Schema using the traditional three level database design approach (ie. using conceptual, logical and physical design levels). In our approach, the conceptual level is represented using standard UML class notation, annotated with a few additional conceptual constraints, the logical level is represented in UML, using a set of UML stereotypes, and the XML Schema itself represents the physical level. The goal of this three level design methodology is to allow conceptual level UML class models to be automatically mapped into the logical level, while minimizing redundancy and maximizing connectivity.
The Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Marker Nestin Is Expressed in Proliferative Endothelial Cells, but Not in Mature Vasculature (2010)

Nestin is an intermediate filament protein that is known as a neural stem/progenitor cell marker. It is expressed in undifferentiated central nervous system (CNS) cells during development, but also in normal adult CNS and in CNS tumor cells. Additionally, nestin is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) of CNS tumor tissues and of adult tissues that replenish by angiogenesis. However, the regulation of nestin expression in vascular endothelium has not been analyzed in detail. This study showed that nestin expression was observed in proliferating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), but not in mature ECs. In adherent cultured cells derived from bone marrow cells, EPCs that highly expressed nestin also expressed the endothelial marker CD31 and the proliferation marker Ki67. ECs cultured without growth factors showed attenuated nestin immunoreactivity as they matured. Transgenic mice that carried the enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the CNS-specific second intronic enhancer of the nestin gene showed no reporter gene expression in EPCs. This indicated that the mechanisms of nestin gene expression were different in EPCs and CNS cells. Immunohistochemistry showed nestin expression in neovascular cells from two distinct murine models. Our results demonstrate that nestin can be used as a marker protein for neovascularization.
Mechanism and Kinetics of Epoxy−Amine Cure Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (1996)

The isoconversional kinetic analysis has been applied to nonisothermal DSC data on the cure of an epoxynovolac resin. The process reveals a dependence of the activation energy (Eα) on conversion (α). The shape of the dependence has been interpreted in the terms of the reaction mechanisms. It has been found that the model dα/dt = (k1 + αmk2)(1 − α)n used for the kinetically controlled cure gives rise to the dependence of Eα on α similar to the experimentally found one. To completely describe the diffusion-controlled cure, the effect of both T and α on the change in diffusivity has been taken into account. The equation for the specific rate constant of diffusion, kD(T,α) = Do exp(−ED/RT + Kα), has been induced. Its use allows us to obtain a model dependence of Eα on α closely matching the experimental one. A technique of predicting isothermal cure from the sole dependence of Eα on α has been considered.
WO<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Nanowires (2004)

Mixed-anion nanotubes and nanowires have been synthesized, for the first time, by a simple process of exfoliation and restacking. The WO2Cl2 (oxyhalide) nanotubes and nanowires (see picture) may have some properties of both the halide and oxide anions.
Catalytic mechanism and inhibition of tRNA (uracil-5-)methyltransferase: evidence for convalent catalysis (1987)

tRNA (Ura-5-)methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to the 5-carbon of a specific Urd residue in tRNA. This results in stoichiometric release of tritium from [5-3H]Urd-labeled substrate tRNA isolated from methyltransferase-deficient Escherichia coli. The enzyme also catalyzes an AdoMet-independent exchange reaction between [5-3H]-Urd-labeled substrate tRNA and protons of water at a rate that is about 1% that of the normal methylation reaction, but with identical stoichiometry. S-Adenosylhomocysteine inhibits the rate of the exchange reaction by 2-3-fold, whereas an analogue having the sulfur of AdoMet replaced by nitrogen accelerates the exchange reaction 9-fold. In the presence (but not absence) of AdoMet, 5-fluorouracil-substituted tRNA (FUra-tRNA) leads to the first-order inactivation of the enzyme. This is accompanied by the formation of a stable covalent complex containing the enzyme, FUra-tRNA, and the methyl group of AdoMet. A mechanism for catalysis is proposed that explains both the 5-H exchange reaction and the inhibition by FUra-tRNA: the enzyme forms a covalent Michael adduct with substrate or inhibitor tRNA by attack of a nucleophilic group of the enzyme at carbon 6 of the pyrimidine residue to be modified. As a result, an anion equivalent is generated at carbon 5 that is sufficiently reactive to be methylated by AdoMet. Preliminary experiments and precedents suggest that the nucleophilic catalyst of the enzyme is a thiol group of cysteine. The potent irreversible inhibition by FUra-tRNA suggests that a mechanism for the "RNA" effects of FUra may also involve irreversible inhibition of RNA-modifying enzymes.
Delay-Tolerant Autonomous Transmissions for Short Packet Communications (2016)

The cellular network evolution has generally focused on improving system and edge user throughput while reducing latency. Recently, a new class of service involving the communication of short packets has emerged wherein scale, coverage, reliability, and energy efficiency has greater importance than the rate or latency at which the information is delivered. This delay tolerant class of communication may include keep alive application messages from our smart phones or messages for the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine type communications (MTC). In this paper, we propose autonomous transmissions paired with interference cancellation to improve coverage, reliability, scale, and energy/spectral efficiency for delay tolerant short packet communications. Simulation results demonstrate that up to 2x improvement in spectral efficiency can be achieved.
Studies on New β-Adrenergic Blocking Agents. II. Syntheses and Pharmacology of 2-Anilinotropone Derivatives (1974)

2-[p-(Aminoalkoxy) anilino] tropone derivatives were prepared from 2-(p-hydroxyanilino) tropone derivatives by established synthetic procedures and were tested for β-adrenergic blocking, coronary vasodilating, and anti-hypertensive activities. Some members of the series exhibited significant activities in one or more of the pharmacological tests, and introduction of a halogen atom into the 5-position of the tropone nucleus caused generally an increase in the pharmacological activities.
Determination of Trace Copper, Lead, Zinc, Cadmium, Nickel, and Iron in Industrial Waste Waters by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Ion Exchange Concentration on Dowex A-1. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Trace Copper, Lead, Zinc, Cadmium, Nickel, and Iron in Industrial Waste Waters by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Ion Exchange Concentration on Dowex A-1.D. G. BiechlerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 8, 1054–1055Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60227a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60227a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views340Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical pH Meter by Means of a Porphyrin Monolayer Covalently Assembled on a Molecularly Engineered Silica Surface (2005)

The evolution of the UV−vis absorbance spectra of a new porphyrin covalently assembled monolayer, upon immersion in increasing [H3O+] solutions, showed the disappearing of the Soret band and the progressive increase of a new band. A few seconds of H2O washing and drying under a N2 gas stream totally recovers the starting Soret. Therefore, the system represents a well-suited fast and reversible solid optical pH meter.
A Unified Passivity-based Control Framework for Position, Torque and Impedance Control of Flexible Joint Robots (2007)

This paper describes a general passivity-based framework for the control of flexible joint robots. Recent results on torque, position, as well as impedance control of flexible joint robots are summarized, and the relations between the individual contributions are highlighted. It is shown that an inner torque feedback loop can be incorporated into a passivity-based analysis by interpreting torque feedback in terms of shaping of the motor inertia. This result, which implicitly was already included in earlier work on torque and position control, can also be used for the design of impedance controllers. For impedance control, furthermore, potential energy shaping is of special interest. It is shown how, based only on the motor angles, a potential function can be designed which simultaneously incorporates gravity compensation and a desired Cartesian stiffness relation for the link angles. All the presented controllers were experimentally evaluated on DLR lightweight robots and their performance and robustness shown with respect to uncertain model parameters. Experimental results with position controllers as well as an impact experiment are presented briefly, and an overview of several applications is given in which the controllers have been applied.
Semiconductor nanowires: optics and optoelectronics (2006)

Single crystalline semiconductor nanowires are being extensively investigated due to their unique electronic and optical properties and their potential use in novel electronic and photonic devices. The unique properties of nanowires arise owing to their anisotropic geometry, large surface to volume ratio, and carrier and photon confinement in two dimensions (1D system). Currently, tremendous efforts are being devoted to rational synthesis of nanowire structures with control over their composition, structure, dopant concentration, characterization, fundamental properties, and assembly into functional devices. In this article we will review the progress made in the area of nanowire optics and optoelectronic devices, including diodes, lasers, detectors, and waveguides, and will outline the general challenges that must be overcome and some potential solutions in order to continue the exponential progress in this exciting area of research.
Thermomechanical properties of shape memory polymer of polyurethane series and their applications (1996)

The thermomechanical properties of a thin film of shape memory polymer of polyurethane series were investigated experimentally. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Modulus of elasticity and yield stress are high below glass transition temperature T<SUB>g</SUB> and low above T<SUB>g</SUB>. The value of loss tangent is large in the vicinity of T<SUB>g</SUB>. (2) The stress-strain curves vary significantly in the early cycles but slightly thereafter under cyclic deformation above T<SUB>g</SUB>. (3) During the heating process after loading above T<SUB>g</SUB> followed by unloading below T<SUB>g</SUB>, strain recovers in the vicinity of T<SUB>g</SUB>. (4) Shape fixity with loading after T<SUB>g</SUB> followed by unloading below T<SUB>g</SUB> does not vary under thermomechanical cycling. Several applications of the polymer are introduced.
Copper- and copper– <i>N</i> -heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed C─H activating carboxylation of terminal alkynes with CO <sub>2</sub> at ambient conditions (2010)

The use of carbon dioxide as a renewable and environmentally friendly source of carbon in organic synthesis is a highly attractive approach, but its real world applications remain a great challenge. The major obstacles for commercialization of most current protocols are their low catalytic performances, harsh reaction conditions, and limited substrate scope. It is important to develop new reactions and new protocols for CO(2) transformations at mild conditions and in cost-efficient ways. Herein, a copper-catalyzed and copper-N-heterocyclic carbene-cocatalyzed transformation of CO(2) to carboxylic acids via C─H bond activation of terminal alkynes with or without base additives is reported. Various propiolic acids were synthesized in good to excellent yields under ambient conditions without consumption of any organometallic or organic reagent additives. This system has a wide scope of substrates and functional group tolerances and provides a powerful tool for the synthesis of highly functionalized propiolic acids. This catalytic system is a simple and economically viable protocol with great potential in practical applications.
Using augmented reality in AIRBUS A400M shop floor assembly work instructions (2012)

The assembly of components in the aerospace industry is currently supported through procedures based on the generation of work instructions. This documentation describes both the sequence of operations to be performed by operators, and fundamental and critical parameters of operation (drawings of components, torques to be applied, sealing system characteristics or paste, etc.). Currently, workers use this information to ensure that the tasks are performed correctly. However, sometimes the documentation is difficult to manage, either by the difficulty of interpreting the drawings or because the process is too complex, for example in the installation of electrical harnesses. This document shows the results of the Project MOON (asseMbly Oriented authOring augmeNted reality) developed by AIRBUS Military in 2010. MOON uses 3D information from the iDMU (industrial Digital Mock-Up) to generate assembly instructions by applying Augmented Reality technology. A demonstrator was developed for the electrical harness routing in the frame 36 of the AIRBUS A400M. The techniques and methods here described are 'patent pending'.
Inhibition of Asphaltene Precipitation by Resins with Various Contents of Vanadyl Porphyrins (2016)

Comparative analysis of the composition and properties of heavy oils from various oil fields has revealed an inverse dependence of the asphaltene/resin ratio upon the vanadium content in resins. This indicates the diminishment of asphaltene precipitation ability with an increase in the content of vanadyl complexes in heavy oil resins. Experiments have shown that the addition of vanadyl porphyrins to resins enhances their inhibition activity toward asphaltene precipitation. For this purpose, vanadyl porphyrins have been concentrated by N,N-dimethylformamide extraction from resins and additionally purified by column chromatography. The obtained vanadyl porphyrin concentrate has been added to resins at the ratio of 1–5 wt %, and its influence on asphaltene stabilization has been further evaluated. Evaluation has been performed by measuring the optical density of deasphalted oil obtained by dilution of the crude oil with 20-fold excess of n-hexane, where resins with various contents of vanadyl porphyrins have been initially dissolved. The change in composition and properties of precipitated asphaltenes has been analyzed, and an increase in their absorbance, aromaticity, and degree of ring fusion with the growth of the vanadyl porphyrin content in resins has been demonstrated. Results have shown the efficiency of vanadyl porphyrins in resins as inhibitors of asphaltene precipitation.
K-Cl Cotransport: Properties and Molecular Mechanism (2000)

K-Cl cotransport (COT), defined first in red blood cells as the Cl-dependent, ouabain-insensitive bidirectional K transport, encoded by at least four KCC (kalium-chloride-cotransport) genes, is now recognized as a functional and structural reality in all cell membranes. As functional system, K-Cl COT is necessary for volume and ionic homeostasis. Since its original discovery by swelling red cells in hyposmotic solutions and by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), K-Cl COT has been recognized as one of the prime electroneutral, low ion affinity pathways effecting regulatory volume decrease (RVD). This review first summarizes the general properties of K-Cl COT, including ion dependence, kinetics, thermodynamics and regulation in erythrocytes of various species, and then focuses on the newest findings of the molecular mechanisms behind K-Cl COT, the KCC isoforms and their expression in epithelial cells and in Xenopus oocytes. Based on early biophysical studies on red cells amalgamated with the recent molecular expression studies of the four KCC isoforms, K-Cl COT emerges as one of the oldest membrane transporters that is controlled by a complex redox-dependent cascade of kinases and phosphatases, yet to be defined at the molecular level. Whereas RVD is a primeval role of K-Cl COT for survival of cells challenged by hyposmotic environments, maintenance of intracellular Cl ([Cl](I) ) levels away from electrochemical equilibrium and K buffering capability during neuronal function are new additions to the list of physiological functions of this system.
First-order design of a reflective viewfinder for adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (2012)

Adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopes with small fields of view have limited clinical utility. We propose to address this problem in reflective instruments by incorporating a viewfinder pupil relay designed by considering pupil and image centering and conjugation. Diverting light from an existing pupil optical relay to the viewfinder relay allows switching field of view size. Design methods that meet all four centering and conjugation conditions using either a single concave mirror or with two concave mirrors forming an off-axis afocal telescope are presented. Two different methods for calculating the focal length and orientation of the concave mirrors in the afocal viewfinder relay are introduced. Finally, a 2.2 × viewfinder mode is demonstrated in an AO scanning light ophthalmoscope.