gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Classification of Prostate Cancer Progression: Foundation for Marker-Driven Treatment of Prostate Cancer (2013)

Recently, many therapeutic agents for prostate cancer have been approved that target the androgen receptor and/or the prostate tumor microenvironment. Each of these therapies has modestly increased patient survival. A better understanding of when in the course of prostate cancer progression specific therapies should be applied, and of what biomarkers would indicate when resistance arises, would almost certainly improve survival due to these therapies. Thus, applying the armamentarium of therapeutic agents in the right sequences in the right combination at the right time is a major goal in prostate cancer treatment. For this to occur, an understanding of prostate cancer evolution during progression is required. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of prostate cancer progression, but challenge the prevailing view by proposing a new model of prostate cancer progression, with the goal of improving biologic classification and treatment strategies. We use this model to discuss how integrating clinical and basic understanding of prostate cancer will lead to better implementation of molecularly targeted therapeutics and improve patient survival.
Tumor expression of CD200 inhibits IL‐10 production by tumor‐associated myeloid cells and prevents tumor immune evasion of CTL therapy (2010)

CD200 is a cell-surface glycoprotein that functions through interaction with the CD200 receptor on myeloid lineage cells to regulate myeloid cell functions. Expression of CD200 has been implicated in multiple types of human cancer; however, the impact of tumor expression of CD200 on tumor immunity remains poorly understood. To evaluate this issue, we generated CD200-positive mouse plasmacytoma J558 and mastocytoma P815 cells. We found that established CD200-positive tumors were often completely rejected by adoptively transferred CTL without tumor recurrence; in contrast, CD200-negative tumors were initially rejected by adoptively transferred CTL but the majority of tumors recurred. Tumor expression of CD200 significantly inhibited suppressive activity and IL-10 production by tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMC), and as a result, more CTL accumulated in the tumor and exhibited a greater capacity to produce IFN-gamma in CD200-positive tumors than in CD200-negative tumors. Neutralization of IL-10 significantly inhibited the suppressor activity of TAMC, and IL-10-deficiency allowed TAMC to kill cancer cells and their antigenic variants, which prevented tumor recurrence during CTL therapy. Thus, tumor expression of CD200 prevents tumor recurrence via inhibiting IL-10 production by TAMC.
Brightness measurement of an electron impact gas ion source for proton beam writing applications (2015)

We are developing a high brightness nano-aperture electron impact gas ion source, which can create ion beams from a miniature ionization chamber with relatively small virtual source sizes, typically around 100 nm. A prototype source of this kind was designed and successively micro-fabricated using integrated circuit technology. Experiments to measure source brightness were performed inside a field emission scanning electron microscope. The total output current was measured to be between 200 and 300 pA. The highest estimated reduced brightness was found to be comparable to the injecting focused electron beam reduced brightness. This translates into an ion reduced brightness that is significantly better than that of conventional radio frequency ion sources, currently used in single-ended MeV accelerators.
Direct Binding of the Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb-IIIa) to Talin (1996)

As a consequence of platelet activation and fibrinogen binding, glycoprotein (GP)IIb-IIIa (integrin alphaIIbbeta3) becomes associated with the cytoskeleton. Although talin has been suggested to act as a linkage protein mediating the attachment of GPIIb-IIIa to actin filaments, direct binding of GPIIb-IIIa to this cytoskeletal protein has not been demonstrated. In the present study, we examined the interaction of GPIIb-IIIa with purified talin using a solid-phase binding assay. Soluble GPIIb-IIIa bound in a time- and dose-dependent manner to microtiter wells coated with talin but not with BSA. Time course studies demonstrated that steady-state binding was achieved after 4-5 h incubation at 37 degrees C. Binding isotherms with varying concentrations of GPIIb-IIIa showed that half-saturation binding was achieved at approximately 15 nM GPIIb-IIIa. At saturation, there was 211 +/- 8 fmol of GPIIb-IIIa bound per well containing 117 +/- 10 fmol of immobilized talin. Besides binding to immobilized talin, GPIIb-IIIa also bound to talin captured by the anti-talin monoclonal antibody 8d4. Moreover, the interaction of GPIIb-IIIa to 8d4-captured talin was blocked by mAb10B2, a monoclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide encompassing the entire cytoplasmic sequence of GPIIb. The interaction of talin with the cytoplasmic domain of GPIIb-IIIa was further investigated using peptide-coated wells. Purified talin was found to bind to both synthetic peptides corresponding to the cytoplasmic sequences of GPIIb (P2b) and GPIIIa (P3a). As expected, the binding of talin to P2b-coated wells was specifically blocked by mAb10B2. Thus, these results demonstrate direct binding of GPIIb-IIIa to talin and suggest a role of the cytoplasmic sequences of both GPIIb and GPIIIa in mediating this interaction.
Control of Butanol Formation in <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> by Transcriptional Activation (2002)

The sol operon of Clostridium acetobutylicum is the essential transcription unit for formation of the solvents butanol and acetone. The recent proposal that transcriptional regulation of this operon is controlled by the repressor Orf5/SolR (R. V. Nair, E. M. Green, D. E. Watson, G. N. Bennett, and E. T. Papoutsakis, J. Bacteriol. 181:319-330, 1999) was found to be incorrect. Instead, regulation depends on activation, most probably by the multivalent transcription factor Spo0A. The operon is transcribed from a single promoter. A second signal identified in primer extension studies results from mRNA processing and can be observed only in the natural host, not in a heterologous host. The first structural gene in the operon (adhE, encoding a bifunctional butyraldehyde/butanol dehydrogenase) is translated into two different proteins, the mature AdhE enzyme and the separate butanol dehydrogenase domain. The promoter of the sol operon is preceded by three imperfect repeats and a putative Spo0A-binding motif, which partially overlaps with repeat 3 (R3). Reporter gene analysis performed with the lacZ gene of Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes and targeted mutations of the regulatory region revealed that the putative Spo0A-binding motif, R3, and R1 are essential for control. The data obtained also indicate that an additional activator protein is involved.
Amino-Terminal Domain Exchange Redirects Origin-Specific Interactions of Adeno-Associated Virus Rep78 In Vitro (2001)

The unique ability of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) to site-specifically integrate its genome into a defined sequence on human chromosome 19 (AAVS1) makes it of particular interest for use in targeted gene delivery. The objective underlying this study is to provide evidence for the feasibility of retargeting site-specific integration into selected loci within the human genome. Current models postulate that AAV DNA integration is initiated through the interactions of the products of a single viral open reading frame, REP, with sequences present in AAVS1 that resemble the minimal origin for AAV DNA replication. Here, we present a cell-free system designed to dissect the Rep functions required to target site-specific integration using functional chimeric Rep proteins derived from AAV Rep78 and Rep1 of the closely related goose parvovirus. We show that amino-terminal domain exchange efficiently redirects the specificity of Rep to the minimal origin of DNA replication. Furthermore, we establish that the amino-terminal 208 amino acids of Rep78/68 constitute a catalytic domain of Rep sufficient to mediate site-specific endonuclease activity.
담낭암의 영상의학적 평가와 감별진단 (2018)

대부분의 다른 종양과 마찬가지로, 담낭암의 영상의학적 평가는, 발견 혹은 감별진단과 그 이후의 병기 결정으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 담낭암의 진단 및 평가에 사용되는 영상 검사는 주로 transabdominal US, CT, MRI, PET 그리고 EUS 등이 있다. 이러한 영상학적 검사를 적절하게 사용하면 조기 담낭암의 진단율 및 감별진단에 도움이 된다. 본고에서는 각 형태에 따른 감별진단을 다루고, 다음 단계로 병기 결정에 있어서 영상의 역할과 한계를 고찰하고자 한다.
The Most Important Issues Facing Biology Education (1996)

What role can NABT play to help teachers address the challenge of improving and remaining in the field of biology education?
Purification and properties of human amniotic fluid diamine oxidase (1978)

Diamine oxidase (DAO) was purified from amniotic fluid. The activity was separated in two DAO fractions with pi values of 5.8 and 4.0. Molecular weight were found to be 245,000 and 485,000, respectively, with subunit molecular weight of 110,000. This indicated that they probably are dimer and tetramer of the same DAO subunit. The enzyme was active against putrescine and histamine and was strongly inhibited by carbonyl group reagents. A Ping Pong Bi Ter enzyme reaction mechanism is probable. The diamine, with one amino group protonized, is suggested to be responsible for interaction with the enzyme.
Changes in DNA base sequence induced by gamma-ray mutagenesis of lambda phage and prophage. (1988)

Mutations in the cI (repressor) gene were induced by gamma-ray irradiation of lambda phage and of prophage, and 121 mutations were sequenced. Two-thirds of the mutations in irradiated phage assayed in recA host cells (no induction of the SOS response) were G:C to A:T transitions; it is hypothesized that these may arise during DNA replication from adenine mispairing with a cytosine product deaminated by irradiation. For irradiated phage assayed in host cells in which the SOS response had been induced, 85% of the mutations were base substitutions, and in 40 of the 41 base changes, a preexisting base pair had been replaced by an A:T pair; these might come from damaged bases acting as AP (apurinic or apyrimidinic) sites. The remaining mutations were 1 and 2 base deletions. In irradiated prophage, base change mutations involved the substitution of both A:T and of G:C pairs for the preexisting pairs; the substitution of G:C pairs shows that some base substitution mechanism acts on the cell genome but not on the phage. In the irradiated prophage, frameshifts and a significant number of gross rearrangements were also found.
Expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 4 in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer (2002)

The data presented suggest that the expression of SSTR2 and SSTR4 transcripts is up-regulated in malignant cells and that not only SSTR2 agonists, but also compounds targeting the SSTR4 subtype may have a potential role in the treatment of prostate cancer.
A simple but powerful automatic term extraction method (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new idea for the automatic recognition of domain specific terms. Our idea is based on the statistics between a compound noun and its component single-nouns. More precisely, we focus basically on how many nouns adjoin the noun in question to form compound nouns. We propose several scoring methods based on this idea and experimentally evaluate them on the NTCIRI TMREC test collection. The results are very promising especially in the low recall area.
Physiological control of cholecystokinin release and pancreatic enzyme secretion by intraduodenal bile acids. (1996)

The CCK producing cell is under constant suppression by intraduodenal bile acids which cannot be further enhanced by a physiological bile acid mixture. However, removal of duodenal bile acids by inhibition of gall bladder contraction unmasks this suppression leading to a dramatic increase in plasma CCK levels. As little as one third of postprandially released bile acids completely reverse this effect. Bile acids are the most important luminal regulator of CCK release in humans.
I Regolamenti delle Comunità Europee. By Gian Luigi Tosato. [Milan: Dott. A. Giuffrè Editore. 1965. 336 pp. L.2, 800.] (1967)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Studies on vasoocclusive crisis of sickle cell disease. I. Effect of pentoxifylline. (1979)

A method was developed to induce and continuously monitor vasoocclusive crisis of sickle cell disease in non-human primates. Pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitory agent, showed significant preventive effect. This may be based on its ability to increase intracellular cAMP levels and consequently to decrease platelet aggregation and to increase red cell deformability.
Theophylline-estrogen interaction in the rat uterus: role of the ovary (1982)

Uterine edema induced by 0.1 microgram/100 g body wt of estradiol further increases in the presence of theophylline. Theophylline alone or in the presence of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 microgram/100 g body wt of estradiol increases uterine RNA and protein content 6 h after its administration, as compared with the same doses of estradiol alone. Both phenomena disappear in the ovariectomized immature rat, suggesting that theophylline potentiates the action of gonadotropins, increasing the synthesis of endogenous ovarian estrogens by the immature ovary. Theophylline decreases the number of eosinophils in the blood and concurrently decreases estrogen-induced uterine eosinophilia at doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 30 micrograms/100 g body wt of estradiol. Estrogen binding by uterine eosinophils in vitro increases in the presence of theophylline. This effect of theophylline could also explain the increase in vivo in estrogen-induced uterine edema.
The AC conductivity and dielectric constant of lithium niobate single crystals (1985)

The AC conductivity sigma ( omega ) and dielectric constant epsilon ' of lithium niobate single crystals have been measured along the ferroelectric c-axis in the temperature range 77-700K and in the frequency region 0.1-100 kHz. At low temperatures, below 400K, the AC conductivity can be expressed as sigma ( omega )=A omega s, where the slope s is close to unity and decreases with increasing temperature. The dielectric constant in this temperature region shows a weak frequency and temperature dependence. At higher temperatures, above 400K, the AC conductivity shows a strong temperature dependence and weak frequency dependence. The dielectric constant in this region also shows a strong frequency dispersion. The mechanism of conduction in low and high temperature regions is discussed in the light of existing theoretical models.
A THz Transducer for On-Chip Label-Free DNA Sensing (2007)

A new THz planar transducer is proposed, and its performance in terms of the analytic sensitivity and selectivity is investigated. Full-wave analysis results are demonstrated to show the promising capabilities of the transducer when used in a THz DNA sensor.
Explain to Fix: A Framework to Interpret and Correct DNN Object Detector Predictions (2018)

Explaining predictions of deep neural networks (DNNs) is an important and nontrivial task. In this paper, we propose a practical approach to interpret decisions made by a DNN object detector that has fidelity comparable to state-of-the-art methods and sufficient computational efficiency to process large datasets. Our method relies on recent theory and approximates Shapley feature importance values. We qualitatively and quantitatively show that the proposed explanation method can be used to find image features which cause failures in DNN object detection. The developed software tool combined into the "Explain to Fix" (E2X) framework has a factor of 10 higher computational efficiency than prior methods and can be used for cluster processing using graphics processing units (GPUs). Lastly, we propose a potential extension of the E2X framework where the discovered missing features can be added into training dataset to overcome failures after model retraining.
Managing design processes: a risk assessment approach (1996)

This paper presents a risk assessment strategy for managing the design process. The proposed method intends to provide the foundation for an intelligent system that can assist design engineers and managers of the design process. The IDEF3 methodology is used to describe the concurrent design process. The logical semantics of IDEF3 provide a much more detailed description than traditional project management methods, such as CPM. The IDEF3 model is then used to identify alternative scenarios that result in the successful completion of a design project. Using estimates of the likelihood that a scenario will fail to produce a successful design and the consequences that result, alternative scenarios are evaluated. A working example is provided, and the architecture of an intelligent system for risk assessment is discussed.
Just Enough Software Test Automation (2002)

From the Publisher:

Techniques that improve software quality and reduce time to market
Pragmatic approaches to plan and manage every facet of automated software testing
Includes a complete sample automation project plan


Practical automated testing techniques that enhance software quality and reduce time to market!

Just Enough Test Automation is a practical, hands-on guide to software test automation from the perspective of test developers and users. Two leading software testing consultants offer real-world dos and don'ts for designing and implementing test automation infrastructurealong with pragmatic advice on what today's most popular approaches to automated testing can and can't accomplish. Coverage includes: 

Setting realistic expectations: knowing when and what to automate
Planning for automated testing
Implementing the Control Synchronized Data Driven Testing (CSDDT) Framework, a proven approach to simplify and accelerate testing
Simplify maintenance of test scripts and promote reuse using structured test script writing.
Automating unit testing, integration testing, and system/regression testing
Managing the automated testing process for optimal efficiency


The book also includes a complete sample automation project plan, covering documentation, implementation, the automation environment, roles, responsibilities, and much more.
Photonic Crystal Structures with Tunable Structure Color as Colorimetric Sensors (2013)

Colorimetric sensing, which transduces environmental changes into visible color changes, provides a simple yet powerful detection mechanism that is well-suited to the development of low-cost and low-power sensors. A new approach in colorimetric sensing exploits the structural color of photonic crystals (PCs) to create environmentally-influenced color-changeable materials. PCs are composed of periodic dielectrics or metallo-dielectric nanostructures that affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EM) by defining the allowed and forbidden photonic bands. Simultaneously, an amazing variety of naturally occurring biological systems exhibit iridescent color due to the presence of PC structures throughout multi-dimensional space. In particular, some kinds of the structural colors in living organisms can be reversibly changed in reaction to external stimuli. Based on the lessons learned from natural photonic structures, some specific examples of PCs-based colorimetric sensors are presented in detail to demonstrate their unprecedented potential in practical applications, such as the detections of temperature, pH, ionic species, solvents, vapor, humidity, pressure and biomolecules. The combination of the nanofabrication technique, useful design methodologies inspired by biological systems and colorimetric sensing will lead to substantial developments in low-cost, miniaturized and widely deployable optical sensors.
Sulfonoglycolipid from the sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina A. Agassiz. (1979)

On the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, a sulfonoglycolipid isolated from the shell of the sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina A. AGASSIZ has been shown to be a 96 : 4 mixture of 1'-O-palmitoyl-3'-O-(6-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyranosyl) glycerol and its myristoyl counterpart.
Bucket-brigade device with improved charge transfer (1973)

The charge transfer of bucket-brigade devices can be considerably improved by the additional use of one transistor and one resistor per cell. The effect of this is demonstrated by a computer simulation.
Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Review (2008)

Better quality evidence, especially regarding the utility or lack thereof of antibiotic prophylaxis, is beginning to inform optimal management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.
Reactive sputtering of highly c-axis textured Ti-doped AlN thin films (2012)

1-μm-thick Ti-doped aluminum nitride (AlN) films were reactively sputtered on Si wafers, SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and Mo bottom electrode using an ac (40 kHz) powered dual-target S-gun magnetron with Al and Ti targets. This magnetron arrangement enabled deposition of Al-Ti-N films with a different Ti content and a radial gradient of Ti concentration across the wafer. Qualitative analyses of morphology and crystallinity of the films deposited with variation of Ti content, nitrogen gas flow, and temperature were performed using AFM and XRD methods. Low doped films had polycrystalline wurtzite hcp-AlN structure with a single c-axis crystal orientation. Deposition with gradually increased Ti concentration led to surface smoothening but worse crystal orientation, although no Ti phases were found. Film growth mechanism features are discussed. To fabricate BAW test devices, highly-textured Al-Ti-N films were deposited on Mo bottom electrode over Al/Mo acoustic reflector.
Optimal program and data locations in computer networks (1977)

An optimization procedure for the allocation of program and data files in a computer network is presented. This algorithm takes into account the dependencies between files and programs such as occur in real heterogeneous computer networks. Insights into whether or not to convert programs from one computer to another can also be gained from the model. A search procedure for the file location problem is described, along with an example and a possible application of the model.
<i>Vax</i> genes ventralize the embryonic eye (2005)

The vertebrate retina and optic nerve are strikingly different in terms of their size, organization, and cellular diversity, yet these two structures develop from the same embryonic neuroepithelium. Precursor cells in the most ventral domain of this epithelium give rise only to the astrocytes of the optic nerve, whereas immediately adjacent, more dorsal precursors give rise to the myriad cell types of the retina. We provide genetic evidence that two closely related, ventrally expressed homeodomain proteins-Vax1 and Vax2-control this neuroepithelial segregation. In the absence of both proteins, we find that the optic nerve is transformed in its entirety into fully differentiated retina. We demonstrate that this transformation results from the loss of ventralizing activity in the developing eye field, and that ventralization is mediated, at least in part, via Vax repression of the Pax6 gene, a potent inducer of retinal development.