gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatially delineated growth of metal films via photochemical prenucleation (1981)

Photodissociation of a thin surface layer of metal-alkyl molecules with a UV laser is shown to be an effective technique for predisposing the irradiated region to subsequent film growth. The efficacy of this technique, termed ’’prenucleation,’’ can be understood using a simple mathematical model for the early stages of thin-film formation. The technique has applications in direct writing of microstructures.
Shunt-connected reactors and capacitors controlled by thyristors (1981)

Two basic schemes for thyristor-controlled static compensators are described, namely, thyristorswitched capacitors (TSC) and thyristor-controlled reactors (TCR). A more advanced scheme using a combination of TSC and TCR is presented. It is shown that this combination gives a greater degree of flexibility in the designing of a compensator. The paper also briefly describes the control system in a compensator comprising both thyristor.controlled reactors, thyristor-switched capacitors and reactors (TSR). One method to damp power oscillations, using TSC with a certain control strategy, is presented. The problem of unbalanced loads and load balancing methods using TSC and TCR aie discussed. It is shown that the combined system (TSC/TCR) generates very low harmonics, because the TSC does not generate any harmonics. Finally, some pictures from the first installations comprising both TSC and TCR are shown
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide (1998)

Palladium-catalyzed carbon–carbon bond coupling reactions, the Heck and Stille reactions, proceed in supercritical carbon dioxide with a number of phosphine ligands including tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphine, which affords high conversions and selectivities.
Development of a single‐pass ceramic matrix bioreactor for large‐scale mammalian cell culture (1992)

A single-pass, plug-flow bioreactor has been developed in which oxygen is supplied to entrapped hybridoma cells via silicone tubes threaded through the square channels of a macroporous ceramic monolith. Oxygen diffuses from the gas phase, through the silicone tubing, across the open square channel, and into the pores of the ceramic wall where it is consumed by entrapped cells. Advantages of such a reactor include higher product yields, protection of cells from detrimental hydrodynamic effects, no internal moving parts to compromise asepsis, and simplicity of operation. A prototype bioreactor was constructed and operated over a range of residence times. A side-by-side experimental comparison with a conventional recycle bioreactor was performed by inoculating both bioreactors with cells from the same stock culture and feeding medium from the same reservoir. Final antibody titers were 80% higher in the single-pass bioreactor at a residence time of 200 minutes compared with those of the recycle bioreactor at a residence time of 800 minutes. A theoretical analysis of oxygen transport in this bioreactor is developed to highlight important design criteria and operating strategies for scale-up.
Interpolation of geophysical data using continuous global surfaces (2002)

Abstract A wide class of interpolation methods, including thin-plate and tension splines, kriging, sinc functions, equivalent-source, and radial basis functions, can be encompassed in a common mathematical framework involving continuous global surfaces (CGSs). The difficulty in applying these techniques to geophysical data sets has been the computational and memory requirements involved in solving the large, dense matrix equations that arise. We outline a three-step process for reducing the computational requirements: (1) replace the direct inversion techniques with iterative methods such as conjugate gradients; (2) use preconditioning to cluster the eigenvalues of the interpolation matrix and hence speed convergence; and (3) compute the matrix–vector product required at each iteration with a fast multipole or fast moment method. We apply the new methodology to a regional gravity compilation with a highly heterogeneous sampling density. The industry standard minimum-curvature algorithms and several scale-dependent CGS methods are unable to adapt to the varying data density without introducing spurious artifacts. In contrast, the thin-plate spline is scale independent and produces an excellent fit. When applied to an aeromagnetic data set with relatively uniform sampling, the thin-plate spline does not significantly improve results over a standard minimum-curvature algorithm.
Industrial development and application of biobased oleochemicals (2007)

Abstract In concepts for new products, performance, product safety, and product economy criteria are equally important. They are taken into account already when the raw materials base for a new industrial product development is defined. Here, renewable resources gain-again after the earlier "green trend" in the 1980s-increasing attention as an alternative raw materials source compared to fossil feedstock. The industrial use of carbohydrates, proteins, and vegetable oils aligns perfectly with the principles of Responsible Care and is an important part of green chemistry and sustainability in general. Since the 1950s, oleochemistry has grown to a major research and technology area in several institutions and industries. A large variety of products based on fats and oils have been developed since then for different uses, such as specialties for polymer applications, biodegradable mineral oil replacements for lubricants, and surfactants and emulsifiers for the home and personal-care industries. However, at present it seems that the use of renewable resources, especially vegetable oils, has to compete more and more with the increasing demand for bioenergy, which could cause an unbalanced supply and demand in the future or even a threat for the increasing demand for food in certain areas of the world.
Design of Steering Mechanism and Control of Nonholonomic Trailer Systems. (1999)

A wheeled mobile robot with trailers has been studied as a class of nonholonomic systems. It is proved that a tractor and all trailers can be stabilized to desired positions via nonholonomic motion control. On the other hand, trailers have been developed and widely used in the industry. The main focus of such designs is on reducing tracking error from reference trajectory. In this paper, we try to bridge between these two approaches. We develop a design theory of trailer systems with passive steering. These systems possess a good performance in practical path following, and accept proved and established various control strategies for nonholonomic systems.
WinResMon: a tool for discovering software dependencies, configuration and requirements in microsoft windows (2006)

This paper describes WinResMon, a system tool for determining resource usage and interactions among programs in Microsoft Windows environments. Think of WinResMon as a debugging tool to assist with software maintenance in a Microsoft Windows environment. It shows the current system state in terms of how resources are used and explains how the system arrived at that state. WinResMon can be used to determine how a program uses the registry and which files are needed by that program. WinResMon differs from other systems/tools in that it is integrated, designed to answer queries about resource usage and dependencies over time, and extensible, allowing the addition of new functions and tools.
Thermal-noise limited laser stabilization to a crystalline whispering-gallery mode resonator (2011)

The quality of many laser-based measurements critically depends on the spectral purity of the employed laser source. For this reason, researchers have tried to reduce phase and frequency noise of lasers ever since its invention 50 years ago. These efforts have culminated in laser oscillators with linewidths below 1 Hz, and a relative Allan deviation below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> , by locking a laser to a ~1 dm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> -sized Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity, whose geometry and materials has been engineered to reduce the sensitivity to thermal and acoustic perturbations.
An ENU-induced mutation in Rs1h causes disruption of retinal structure and function. (2005)

We have generated and characterized a mutant mouse line that was produced using ENU-based mutagenesis. The 44TNJ pedigree manifests with photoreceptor dysfunction and concurrent structural and functional aberrations at the post-receptoral level. Genetic analysis revealed a mutation in Rs1h, making this the first murine model of X-linked retinoschisis in which the gene is expressed.
Face X-Ray for More General Face Forgery Detection (2020)

In this paper we propose a novel image representation called face X-ray for detecting forgery in face images. The face X-ray of an input face image is a greyscale image that reveals whether the input image can be decomposed into the blending of two images from different sources. It does so by showing the blending boundary for a forged image and the absence of blending for a real image. We observe that most existing face manipulation methods share a common step: blending the altered face into an existing background image. For this reason, face X-ray provides an effective way for detecting forgery generated by most existing face manipulation algorithms. Face X-ray is general in the sense that it only assumes the existence of a blending step and does not rely on any knowledge of the artifacts associated with a specific face manipulation technique. Indeed, the algorithm for computing face X-ray can be trained without fake images generated by any of the state-of-the-art face manipulation methods. Extensive experiments show that face X-ray remains effective when applied to forgery generated by unseen face manipulation techniques, while most existing face forgery detection or deepfake detection algorithms experience a significant performance drop.
In Vivo Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Reveals Increased Pyruvate Carboxylase Flux in an Insulin-Resistant Mouse Model (2012)

Taken together, we demonstrate that increased PC flux is an important pathway responsible for increased HGP in diabetes development, and that pharmacologically induced metabolic changes specific to the liver can be detected in vivo with a hyperpolarized (13)C-biomolecular probe. Hyperpolarized (13)C MRS and the determination of metabolite exchange rates may allow longitudinal monitoring of liver function in disease development.
Li<sup>+</sup> Ion Conductors with Adamantane‐Type Nitridophosphate Anions β‐Li<sub>10</sub>P<sub>4</sub>N<sub>10</sub> and Li<sub>13</sub>P<sub>4</sub>N<sub>10</sub><i>X</i><sub>3</sub> with <i>X</i>=Cl, Br (2017)

β-Li<sub>10</sub> P<sub>4</sub> N<sub>10</sub> and Li<sub>13</sub> P<sub>4</sub> N<sub>10</sub> X<sub>3</sub> with X=Cl, Br have been synthesized from mixtures of P<sub>3</sub> N<sub>5</sub> , Li<sub>3</sub> N, LiX, LiPN<sub>2</sub> , and Li<sub>7</sub> PN<sub>4</sub> at temperatures below 850 °C. β-Li<sub>10</sub> P<sub>4</sub> N<sub>10</sub> is the low-temperature polymorph of α-Li<sub>10</sub> P<sub>4</sub> N<sub>10</sub> and crystallizes in the trigonal space group R3. It is made up of non-condensed [P<sub>4</sub> N<sub>10</sub> ]<sup>10-</sup> T2 supertetrahedra, which are arranged in sphalerite-analogous packing. Li<sub>13</sub> P<sub>4</sub> N<sub>10</sub> X<sub>3</sub> (X=Cl, Br) crystallizes in the cubic space group Fm3‾m . Both isomorphic compounds comprise adamantane-type [P<sub>4</sub> N<sub>10</sub> ]<sup>10-</sup> , Li<sup>+</sup> ions, and halides, which form octahedra. These octahedra build up a face-centered cubic packing, whose tetrahedral voids are occupied by the [P<sub>4</sub> N<sub>10</sub> ]<sup>10-</sup> ions. The crystal structures have been elucidated from X-ray powder diffraction data and corroborated by EDX measurements, solid-state NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we have examined the phase transition between α- and β-Li<sub>10</sub> P<sub>4</sub> N<sub>10</sub> . To confirm the ionic character, the migration pathways of the Li<sup>+</sup> ions have been evaluated and the ion conductivity and its temperature dependence have been determined by impedance spectroscopy. XPS measurements have been carried out to analyze the stability with respect to Li metal.
Determination of Buprenorphine in Human Plasma by Gas Chromatography-Positive Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1997)

Buprenorphine is used for the management of pain and has been advocated for the treatment of opioid addiction. Therapeutic doses result in low plasma concentrations of buprenorphine. In order to assess the safety and efficacy of buprenorphine, sensitive analytical methods are needed. Until recently, gas chromatography-positive ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-PCI-MS) offered the most sensitive method to selectively quantitate buprenorphine. We have developed and validated a sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) method for buprenorphine. The method is described and compared with a GC-PCI-MS method validated in this laboratory. One-milliliter aliquots of plasma are required for the LC-ESI-MS-MS method and 2-mL aliquots for the GC-PCI-MS method. Buprenorphine-d4 is used as internal standard for both methods. Derivatization with pentafluoropropionic acid anhydride is used for the GC-PCI-MS method, in which the derivatized protonated molecular ions after loss of water are monitored at m/z 596 and 600. For LC-ESI-MS-MS, the parent protonated molecule ions are monitored at m/z 468 and 472. A single-step extraction of basic plasma with n-butyl chloride provided recoveries of 70-87%. Although a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.1 ng/mL could be established for LC-ESI-MS-MS, we could only achieve an LOQ of 0.5 ng/mL with the GC-PCI-MS assay. The GC-PCI-MS method has a linear range of 0.5 to 40 ng/mL (mean r2 = 0.998, n = 7). For quality control samples at 1.0, 2.5, and 12.5 ng/mL, the intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (CV) did not exceed 14%, and percent of targets were within 16%. The LC-ESI-MS-MS method had a linear range of 0.1 to 10 ng/mL (mean r2 = 0.999, n = 7). For quality control samples at 0.25, 2.5 and 7.5 ng/mL, the intra- and interassay CVs did not exceed 4%, and percent of targets were within 12%. Stability studies demonstrated buprenorphine was stable for up to 24 h, 125 days, and 55 days when stored at room temperature, 4 degrees C, and -20 degrees C, respectively. The utility of the lower LOQ was demonstrated in 40 plasma samples collected up to 96 h after a sublingual dose of buprenorphine; 10 were quantitatable using GC-PCI-MS and 38 using LC-ESI-MS-MS.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Breast, 2nd Edition (2009)

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Breast, 2nd Edition By Christian J. Gabka and Heinz Bohmert. Pp. 282. Thieme, Stuttgart, Germany, and New York, N.Y. 2009. Price: $239.95. Drs. Gabka and Bohmert have published the second edition of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Breast. This work is largely an atlas of aesthetic, oncologic, and reconstructive techniques consisting of original artwork and color photographs. There are 694 illustrations. The introductory section of the book covers anatomy of the breast and breast implants and is consistent with the European origin of this text, in that many of the breast implants illustrated are not available in the United States. The remainder of the book is divided into sections covering aesthetic breast surgery (augmentation mammaplasty, mastopexy, and reduction mammaplasty), reconstructive breast surgery, and oncologic surgery of the breast. The vast majority of chapters are procedurally oriented. A given procedure is discussed with respect to indications, surgical technique, postoperative care, and potential complications. Each chapter is associated with colored drawings, preoperative and postoperative patient photographs, and step-by-step intraoperative photographs. The strength of this text lies in the large number of illustrations and photographs, which are clear and consistent in their presentation. In particular, the intraoperative photographs lead the reader to understand the nuances of the procedure being described. Paired with the illustrations and photographs are concise captions that succinctly explain what is being demonstrated. The amount of text that is associated with each procedure is relatively limited and is designed to point out the highlights of the technique, including indications, marking, procedural nuances, and postoperative care. One section of this book is dedicated to oncologic surgery of the breast. The opening chapter is entitled “Prophylactic Subcutaneous Mastectomy.” This term is less commonly used in the United States but discusses nipple-sparing mastectomy, a technique that is rapidly gaining popularity here. The text also covers oncoplastic surgery of the breast, including partial breast reconstruction, simultaneous reduction mammaplasty, and immediate one-stage reconstruction with implants. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Breast successfully fulfills its role as an atlas of reconstructive breast surgery. The procedural illustrations are clear and concise and allow the reader to review the techniques performed by the authors and apply them in the operating room. There is certainly enough text to provide adequate detail about the indications and techniques for a given procedure. However, the strength lies in the photographs, illustrations, and concise captions. In sum, I feel that this text is a useful adjunct to the library of any student of reconstructive breast surgery as well as that of the seasoned practitioner. Joseph J. Disa, M.D.Figure
[Immunomodulating properties of bidistilled modified water]. (2001)

The effect of bidistilled modified water obtained by treating bidistilled water with static electric field in the cathode compartment of a diaphragm electrolyzer on the production of tumor necrosis factor and activity of natural killer cells of mice was studied. It was found that bidistilled modified water added to cultured murine macrophages increases the tumor necrosis factor production 2.5-3-fold. A similar degree of stimulation of tumor necrosis factor production was observed after peroral administration of bidistilled modified water for 10-25 days. The activity of natural killer cells under these conditions increased by 150%. The stimulation of these immunity system components responsible for the resistance of the organism to tumors led to a suppression of tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice receiving bidistilled modified water.
Prevalence of Chronic Q Fever in Patients with a History of Cardiac Valve Surgery in an Area Where Coxiella burnetii Is Epidemic (2012)

Chronic Q fever develops in 1 to 5% of patients infected with Coxiella burnetii. The risk for chronic Q fever endocarditis has been estimated to be ≈ 39% in case of preexisting valvulopathy and is potentially even higher for valvular prostheses. Since 2007, The Netherlands has faced the largest Q fever outbreak ever reported, allowing a more precise risk estimate of chronic Q fever in high-risk groups. Patients with a history of cardiac valve surgery were selected for microbiological screening through a cardiology outpatient clinic in the area where Q fever is epidemic. Blood samples were analyzed for phase I and II IgG against C. burnetii, and if titers were above a defined cutoff level, C. burnetii PCR was performed. Chronic Q fever was considered proven if C. burnetii PCR was positive and probable if the phase I IgG titer was ≥ 1:1,024. Among 568 patients, the seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies (IgG titer greater than or equal to 1:32) was 20.4% (n = 116). Proven or probable chronic Q fever was identified among 7.8% of seropositive patients (n = 9). Valve characteristics did not influence the risk for chronic Q fever. Patients with chronic Q fever were significantly older than patients with past Q fever. In conclusion, screening of high-risk groups is a proper instrument for early detection of chronic Q fever cases. The estimated prevalence of chronic Q fever is 7.8% among seropositive patients with a history of cardiac valve surgery, which is substantially higher than that in nonselected populations but lower than that previously reported. Older age seems to increase vulnerability to chronic Q fever in this population.
Modelling out-of-vocabulary words for robust speech recognition (2002)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Utilization of acoustic streaming to classify breast lesions in vivo (2002)

Results from a clinical study in which Streaming Detection was used to successfully differentiate fluid-filled lesions (cysts) from solid lesions in the breast are presented. Streaming Detection is an ultrasonic technique in which high intensity ultrasound pulses are used to induce acoustic streaming in cyst fluid, and this motion is detected using flow estimation methods. In fourteen of fifteen simple cysts acoustic streaming was generated and detected. Evidence of nonlinear enhancement of acoustic streaming was observed in several cysts. Streaming Detection was also performed on fourteen sonographically indeterminate breast lesions. Acoustic streaming was generated and detected in four of these lesions, each of which were relatively small (average size of 0.4/spl times/0.5 cm). It seems that Streaming Detection is particularly suited for diagnosis of small, possibly newer cysts which may appear indeterminate on conventional sonography due to their small size. These results indicate that Streaming Detection would be a useful adjunct to conventional sonography for the purpose of breast lesion classification.
V (1989)

valeur (Fr). The literal meaning is 'value'; the prices or values of securities listed on a stock exchange and, by extension, the securities themselves.
On the road to understanding of the osteoblast adhesion: Cytoskeleton organization is rearranged by distinct signaling pathways (2009)

Pre-osteoblast adhesion attracts increasing interest in both medicine and dentistry. However, how this physiological event alters osteoblast phenotype is poorly understood. We therefore attempted to address this question by investigating key biochemical mechanism that governs pre-osteoblast adhesion on polystyrene surface. Importantly, we found that cofilin activity was strongly modulated by PP2A (Ser/Thr phosphatase), while cell-cycle was arrested. Accordingly, we observed that the profile of cofilin phosphorylation (at Ser03) was similar to phospho-PP2A (at Tyr307). Also, it is plausible to suggest during pre-osteoblast adhesion that PP2A phosphorylation at Y307 was executed by phospho-Src (Y416). In addition, it was observed that MAPKp38, but not MAPK-erk, played a key role on pre-osteoblast adhesion by phosphorylating MAPKAPK-2 and ATF-2 (also called CRE-BP1). Also, the up-modulation of RhoA reported here suggests its involvement at the beginning of osteoblast attachment, while Akt remained active during all periods. Altogether, our results clearly showed that osteoblast adhesion is under an intricate network of signaling molecules, which are responsible to guide their interaction with substrate mainly via cytoskeleton rearrangement.