gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-Demand Nanodevice with Electrical and Neuromorphic Multifunction Realized by Local Ion Migration (2012)

A potential route to extend Moore's law beyond the physical limits of existing materials and device architectures is to achieve nanotechnology breakthroughs in materials and device concepts. Here, we discuss an on-demand WO(3-x)-based nanoionic device where electrical and neuromorphic multifunctions are realized through externally induced local migration of oxygen ions. The device is found to possess a wide range of time scales of memorization, resistance switching, and rectification varying from volatile to permanent in a single device, and these can furthermore be realizable in both two- or three-terminal systems. The gradually changing volatile and nonvolatile resistance states are experimentally demonstrated to mimic the human brain's forgetting process for short-term memory and long-term memory.We propose this nanoionic device with its on-demand electrical and neuromorphic multifunction has a unique paradigm shifting potential for the fabrication of configurable circuits, analog memories, digital-neural fused networks, and more in one device architecture.
Efficiency and resolution of ionography in diagnostic radiology (1974)

In ionography the x-ray photons are absorbed in a high-pressure gas between the parallel plates of an ion chamber and the ions produced are collected on an insulating foil covering one of the plates. The charge pattern is rendered visible using powder-cloud development. The effects of plate separation and the nature of the gas on the images produced by x rays in the range 50 to 105 kVp have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Three potentially useful gases (freon 13B1, krypton, and xenon) have been studied. The energy spectrum of electrons set in motion in these gases have been calculated and the absorption efficiency determined. For a 2-cm gap with a pressure of 10 atm using x rays at 45 kVp all three gases give an efficiency of about 80% while at 105 kVp the efficiencies are 62%, 28%, and 26% for xenon, krypton, and freon, respectively. Higher efficiencies can be obtained using larger gaps. The effects of gas, gas pressure, plate separation, and x-ray spectrum on the resolving capability were calculated. Freon gives about twice the resolution of either krypton or xenon. The resolution was measured and found to be greater than 10 line pairs per mm in freon at 10 atm. Diffusion does not blur the image appreciably when positive or negative ions are collected but is important when electrons are used to form the image. Fields of the order of 25 kV/cm are required to collect 90% of the ions at exposure rates of 25 mR/sec. Our results suggest that with further technical development ionography may offer some real advantages in diagnostic radiology.
Al/Poly Si specific contact resistivity (1983)

Experimental results on the specific contact resistivity of Al/polysilicon are given for Al/1.5-percent Si contacting poly Si implanted with boron or phosphorus, annealed to surface concentrations from 3E18 to 4E20 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . Specific contact resistivities of the interfaces involved were determined using an extrapolation method. Measurements were taken at room temperature, and were conducted both before and after an anneal cycle of 20 min at 450°C in forming gas. Results provide a useful parameter which enables modeling of Al/poly Si contacts.
Concanavalin A Captured Glycoproteins In Healthy Human Urine (2006)

Both urine proteome and its glycoproteome can reflect human health status, more directly functions of kidney and urinary tracts. Since albumin is not N‐glycosylated, urine N‐glycoproteome could deplete it and thus could provide more detailed protein profile in addition to glycosylation information when albuminuria occurred in some kidney diseases. So it could be even a better choice over proteome itself in using urine sample to characterize health status. Pooled urine samples from healthy volunteers were collected and acetone precipitated for proteins. N‐linked glycoproteins enriched with Concanavalin A affinity purification were separated and analyzed by SDS‐PAGE‐RPLC/MS/MS or 2D‐LC/MS/MS. A total of 225 urinary proteins were identified based on 2‐hit criteria with reliability over 97% for each peptide. Among these proteins, 94 were identified in previous urine proteome works, 150 were annotated as glycoproteins in SWISS‐PROT, and 43 were predicted as glycoproteins by NetNGlyc 1.0 Server. A number of known biomarkers and disease related glycoproteins were identified. The changes of protein quantity or the glycosylation status can lead to changes of ConA captured glycoproteins profile so that specific patterns might be observed for specific pathological conditions as multiplex urinary biomarkers. So the knowledge of urine glycoproteome is important in understanding kidney and body function.
Intergrain tunneling magnetoresistance in polycrystals of the ordered double perovskite<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">FeReO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1999)

Intergrain tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) subsisting up to room temperature has been observed for polycrystalline ceramics of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeReO}}_{6},$ which has ordered double perovskite structure with Curie temperature above 400 K. The first-principles band calculation predicts that ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeReO}}_{6}$ shows the half metallic ground state with the ferrimagnetic coupling of Fe and Re spins. The experimental results of electronic and magnetic properties are in accord with this picture. In fact, the magnitude of intergrain TMR with the magnetic field of 7 T at 4.2 and 300 K is as large as 21 and 7%, respectively, reflecting high spin polarization of carriers.
Antithrombotic Effects of Recombinant Human, Active Site–Blocked Factor VIIa in a Rabbit Model of Recurrent Arterial Thrombosis (1998)

The extrinsic coagulation pathway is activated when circulating factor VII (FVII) gains access to tissue factor (TF) exposed as a consequence of vascular injury. Increasing evidence indicates that this TF-dependent activation of the coagulation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of intravascular thrombus formation. In the present study, we tested the effects of recombinant human, active site-blocked activated FVII (FVIIai) in a rabbit model of carotid artery thrombosis. Cyclic flow variations (CFVs), due to recurrent thrombus formation, were obtained in stenotic rabbit carotid arteries with endothelial injury. Carotid blood flow velocity was measured by a Doppler flow probe. After 30 minutes of CFVs, the animals received FVIIai (100 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) intracarotid infusion for 10 minutes, n=9). If CFVs were abolished, animals were followed for 30 additional minutes, after which recombinant human activated FVII (FVIIa) was infused into the carotid artery (100 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 10 minutes) to determine whether FVIIai could be displaced from TF by FVIIa, thus restoring CFVs. To establish the duration of action of FVIIai, an additional group of animals received FVIIai at the same dose as above, and after CFVs were inhibited, they were followed until CFVs were restored or for up to 6 hours. To determine whether CFVs could be restored by epinephrine after their abolition with FVIIai, increasing doses of epinephrine were administered to a third group of 6 animals. FVIIai abolished CFVs in 8 of 9 rabbits (P<.01). This effect was reversible, as FVIIa administration restored CFVs in all animals. Prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times did not change significantly throughout the study. One single 10-minute infusion exerted complete antithrombotic effects for at least 6 hours, despite the fact that at this time point, plasma FVIIai levels were well below threshold concentrations. Epinephrine restored CFVs in 3 of 6 animals in which CFVs were inhibited by FVIIai. FVIIai exerts potent antithrombotic effects in this model; these effects were prolonged even after FVIIai was almost completely cleared from the circulation, probably as a result of the tight binding of FVIIai to TF. Thus, FVIIai might represent an antithrombotic substance of potential interest.
Reduced reactivity to air on HF-treated YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> surfaces (1989)

Treatment of YBa2Cu3O7−x films with a nonaqueous solution of HF in absolute ethanol results in the formation of an oxyfluoride with relative Y:Ba:Cu concentrations of 1:4:3 on the surface, as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The passivation properties of chemically treated films were tested by monitoring the growth of the high binding energy O 1s peak, associated with nonsuperconducting surface species, as a function of air exposure time, for both HF-treated and untreated films. The native oxyfluoride is shown to reduce the reactivity of the superconductor to air.
Synthesis of Taurine and N-Methyltaurine (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Taurine and N-MethyltaurineJohn W. Schick and Ed. F. DegeringCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 7, 906–909Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50451a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50451a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views538Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Epitaxial Cubic Gadolinium Oxide as a Dielectric for Gallium Arsenide Passivation (1999)

Epitaxial growth of single-crystal gadolinium oxide dielectric thin films on gallium arsenide is reported. The gadolinium oxide film has a cubic structure isomorphic to manganese oxide and is (110)-oriented in single domain on the (100) gallium arsenide surface. The gadolinium oxide film has a dielectric constant of approximately 10, with low leakage current densities of about 10(-9) to 10(-10) amperes per square centimeter at zero bias. Typical breakdown field is 4 megavolts per centimeter for an oxide film 185 angstroms thick and 10 megavolts per centimeter for an oxide 45 angstroms thick. Both accumulation and inversion layers were observed in the gadolinium oxide-gallium arsenide metal oxide semiconductor diodes, using capacitance-voltage measurements. The ability to grow thin single-crystal oxide films on gallium arsenide with a low interfacial density of states has great potential impact on the electronic industry of compound semiconductors.
Vascular Stent Analysis (2007)

It is important for cardiologist to understand the stresses and strains the stent experiences during deployment.\nWe created a 3-D model of the coiled stent which is exported into ANSYS creating the finite element model. The stent material is Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA) fiber with a Young's modulus of 7043(MPa) and a Poisson's ratio of 0.35. A nonlinear material analysis simulates the material behavior through plastic deformation during expansion from 1(atm) to 14(atm).\nThe von Mises stresses, principal stresses, and principal strains are analyzed to determine the yielding of the PLLA fiber. Also, the effect of different material properties including Young's modulus, yield stress, yield strain is examined for the baseline case and three additional cases with Young's modulus of 4701, 3189, and 2266(MPa). The axial displacement values are increased to see any effect on the maximum shear stresses. \nFinally, verification testing is performed to compare the experimental results to the simulation results.
Effects of Zocor Simvastatin on Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Malondialdehyde in Rats with Renal Injury Induced by Hyperlipidemia (2006)

Objective: To evaluate the changes of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) with zocor Simvastatin on renal injury in rats fed with hypercholesterol diet, and to study the preventing effects of zocor Sinvastatin.Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=10, a normal diet), hyperlipidemia group (n=10, fed with high-cholesterol diet) and treatment group (n=10, high-cholesterol diet + 2.5mg/(kg·d) zocor Simvastatin).During the testing of 12 weeks, serum lipids, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and 24-hour urinary protein excretion (UPE) were compared among the three groups.In addition, the level of TNF-α in serum, urine and renal homogenate, and the level of MDA in serum and renal cortex were also detected.Results: After 12 weeks of treatment with Simvastatin, the level of serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) decreased (P0.01).Urinary NAG and UPE decreased also compared with the hyperlipidemia group (P0.01).The TNF-α levels in urine and renal homogenate were decreased significantly, and the MDA level in renal cortex was also markedly decreased (P 0.05).Conclusion: Simvastatin could effectively improve the hyperlipidemia, and decrease TNF-α and MDA; the changes of TNF-α and MDA may play a role in the pathogenesis and progress of hyperlipidemia induced renal injury.
Automated selection of blocking columns for record linkage (2012)

Record Linkage is an essential but expensive step in enterprise data management. In most deployments, blocking techniques are employed which can reduce the number of record pair comparisons and hence, the computational complexity of the task. Blocking algorithms require a careful selection of column(s) to be used for blocking. Selection of appropriate blocking column is critical to the accuracy and speed-up offered by the blocking technique and requires intervention by data quality practitioners who can exploit prior domain knowledge to analyse a small sample of the huge database and decide the blocking column(s). However, the selection of optimal blocking column(s) can depend heavily on the quality of data and requires extensive analysis. An experienced data quality practitioner is required for the selection of optimal blocking columns. In this paper, we present a datadriven approach to automatically choose blocking column(s), motivated from the modus operandi of data quality practitioners. Our approach produces a ranked list of columns by evaluating them for appropriateness for blocking on the basis of factors including data quality and distribution. We evaluate our choice of blocking columns through experiments on real world and synthetic datasets. We extend our approach to be employed in scenarios where more than one column can be used for blocking.
Daily functioning of the lower extremity amputee: an overview of the literature (1997)

The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature on the incidence, morbidity and mortality of lower limb amputation. The functional level of the lower limb amputee and the predictive factors for functioning with a prosthesis are reviewed, both for unilateral and for bilateral amputees. The reported incidence of lower extremity amputation (LEA) varies considerably between different Western countries. The mean survival of LEA patients ranges between two and five years. Assessment of functional outcome is carried out differently. Studies are not comparable and most concern selected groups of amputees. Increasing age, concurrent disease and poor compliance are prognostic factors for a low functional level. For optimal planning of rehabilitation it is necessary to study a complete cohort of amputees with respect to these prognostic factors.
DNA Dependent RNA Polymerase from Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells (1974)

A protein was isolated which repressed RNA polymerase II [EC 2.7.7.6] of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. This protein, named R protein, was only inhibitory when native DNA was used as template with homologous RNA polymerase. This protein had affinity for DNA. It was inhibitory when added at the initiation stage of transcription, but not when added once transcription had started. Its molecular weight was estimated as 38,000 daltons by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing sodium dodecylsulfate. The R protein did not affect the size of RNA synthesized in vitro. Studies on its effect on RNA synthesis in the presence of S-II, a factor stimulating RNA polymerase II of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, suggested that R protein preferentially repressed synthesis of a certain species of RNA which is synthesized in the presence of S-II. The molecular mechanism of the inhibition of RNA synthesis by this protein is discussed.
Hyperpotentiation by Synthetic Double-Stranded RNA of Antibody Responses to Influenza Virus Vaccine in Adjuvant 65 (1969)

Immunologic adjuvant 65 caused a strong enhancement of antibody response to influenza virus antigens in tests in animals. Complexed synthetic polynucleotides Poly I:C (rI:rC) and Poly A:U (rA:rU) produced comparatively weak potentiation of antibody response to these antigens and in certain instances, Poly A:U was inhibitory. Immunologic adjuvant 65 combined with the Poly I:C or Poly A:U acted synergistically to cause a hyperpotentiation of antibody response which greatly exceeded the additive effects of adjuvant and complexed polynucleotides tested singly. Such potentiation did not occur when the complexed polynucleotides were tested with alum adjuvant or when Poly I or Poly C was added alone. Poly I:C was generally more effective than Poly A:U. Maximal potentiation was demonstrated at 26 μg/ml of Poly I:C and there was no further enhancement when the concentration was raised to 260 μg/ml. Use of adjuvant 65 combined with complexed polynucleotides promises to contribute a new magnitude of immunizing capability to be obtained when used with influenza and other killed antigen preparations.
Identification of vasculature‐specific genes by microarray analysis of etsrp/etv2 overexpressing zebrafish embryos (2009)

Signaling pathways controlling vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and myelopoiesis are still poorly understood, in part because not all genes important for vasculature or myeloid cell formation have been characterized. To identify novel potential regulators of vasculature and myeloid cell formation we performed microarray analysis of zebrafish embryos that overexpress Ets1-related protein (Etsrp/Etv2/ER71), sufficient to induce vasculogenesis and myelopoiesis (Sumanas and Lin [2006] Development 121:3141-3150; Lee [2008] Cell Stem Cell 2:497-507; Sumanas et al. [2008] Blood 111:4500-4510). We performed sequence homology and expression analysis for up-regulated genes that were novel or previously unassociated with the zebrafish vasculature formation. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (agtr2), src homology 2 domain containing E (she), mannose receptor C1 (mrc1), endothelial cell-specific adhesion molecule (esam), yes-related kinase (yrk/fyn), zinc finger protein, multitype 2b (zfpm2b/fog2b), and stabilin 2 (stab2) were specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells during early development while keratin18 expression was localized to the myeloid cells. Identification of vasculature and myeloid-specific genes will be important for dissecting molecular mechanisms of vasculogenesis/angiogenesis and myelopoiesis.
High-speed architecture for a programmable frequency divider and a dual-modulus prescaler (1996)

We present a prescaler architecture that is suitable for high-speed CMOS applications. We apply the architecture to a 4/5 and an 8/9 dual-modulus prescaler and obtain a measured maximum clock frequency of 1.90 GHz in a standard 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS bulk process. This is 13% faster than the traditional prescaler architecture keeping the same power consumption. We also apply the key part of the prescaler to a divide-by-N circuit reaching 1.75 GHz. This is three times faster than any previously reported CMOS implementation and comparable to GaAs implementations.
Metabolic Changes in Roots of the Oilseed Canola Infected with the Biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae: Phytoalexins and Phytoanticipins (2008)

Analyses of metabolite production and accumulation in roots of canola ( Brassica napus L. spp. oleifera) infected with the phytopathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot) allowed the identification of 45 metabolites. HPLC analysis corroborated by metabolite isolation and NMR spectroscopic data demonstrated for the first time that phytoalexins and phytoanticipins were produced in roots of canola infected with a soilborne biotroph. In addition, six new indolyl metabolites were identified, synthesized, and tested against three fungal pathogens of canola. Multivariate data analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct metabolic responses of canola to P. brassicae infection during a six-week period. At late harvest days (five and six weeks), a clear clustering was observed among samples of infected roots because of the higher concentration of phytoalexins, while higher concentration of phytoanticipins contributed to the differentiation between three and four weeks samples of infected and control roots. Altogether, the data shows that canola roots under biotrophic attack are able to produce a complex blend of phytoalexins and other antimicrobial metabolites as a defensive response and that the metabolic regulation of phytoanticipins and phytoalexins appeared to correlate with the infection period.
Application of Remote Sensing on Monitoring of Forest Fire (2012)

Remote sensing (RS) technology plays a most important role in forest fire monitoring. This paper reviews the application of satellite remote sensing, and introduces sensors which are commonly used for fire monitoring. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed by comparison and the paper specifically focuses on the application of RS based pre-fire forecast and pro-fire evaluation. With the help of this paper, the development of this technology could be well acknowledged, and it can therefore be believed that remote sensing would play a more important role in fire monitoring in the future.
Squeezing Ionic Liquids through Nanopores (2009)

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are substances composed entirely of ions and are liquids at or below 100 degrees C. Ionic conductivity of RTIL is one of the most important physical properties of these unique substances that determine their potential applications as a new medium for capacitors, fuel and solar cells as well as in separation systems. The quality of performance of these devices relies on the understanding of ionic transport of RTIL on a nanoscale. In this letter, we use ionic current carried by RTILs in single nanopores as a probe for their nanoscale transport properties. We show that the conductivity of RTILs through nanopores is significantly less than corresponding bulk values. Our experiments allowed us to address the nature of the interaction of these confined RTILs with charged surfaces. Electrostatic interactions of RTILs with nanopores are the basis for the formation of ionic diodes rectifying transport of the constituent ions.