gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[In vitro antiviral activity of antisense oligonucleotides against influenza virus]. (2000)

For developing of antisense oligonucleotides as potential antiviral therapeutic agents against influenza A virus, phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides(PS-ODN) targeted to part to the 3' and 5' end sequences which are common to the eight RNAs of type A influenza virus were synthesized. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these PS-ODNs was assayed and then antiviral activity of these PS-ODNs was evaluated by using cultured MDCK cells infected by A/JingFang/86-1(H1N1). It was found that(1) No in vitro cytotoxicity was seen when concentration of PS-ODN was up to 50 mumol/L. (2) Oligonucleotides(IV4 #) complementary to 5' terminal conserved sequences and ODN(IV6 #, IV7 #)composed by 3'/5' terminal conserved sense sequences or antisense sequences all exhibited the most potent antiviral activity. IV4 # ODN exhibited significant antiviral activity with reduced hemegglutination titer about 50% at concentration of 1 mumol/L, and over 70% at 10 mumol/L. The antiviral activity of IV4 # was in a dose- and sequence-dependent manner. (3) IV4 # ODN showed significant antiviral activity not only against H1N1 subtype strains of influenza virus, but also against H3N2 subtype strains. (4) The multiplicity of infection(MOI) of influenza virus had effects on antiviral activity of IV4 # ODN. IV4 # ODN showed better dose-dependent antiviral activity when there was lower MOI. These results suggested the the 3'/5' terminal sequences of influenza A virus could be used as a target for designing antiviral oligonucleotides against influenza A virus.
Structure and Function of the N-terminal Nucleolin Binding Domain of Nuclear Valosin-containing Protein-like 2 (NVL2) Harboring a Nucleolar Localization Signal (2011)

The N-terminal regions of AAA-ATPases (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) often contain a domain that defines the distinct functions of the enzymes, such as substrate specificity and subcellular localization. As described herein, we have determined the solution structure of an N-terminal unique domain isolated from nuclear valosin-containing protein (VCP)-like protein 2 (NVL2(UD)). NVL2(UD) contains three α helices with an organization resembling that of a winged helix motif, whereas a pair of β-strands is missing. The structure is unique and distinct from those of other known type II AAA-ATPases, such as VCP. Consequently, we identified nucleolin from a HeLa cell extract as a binding partner of this domain. Nucleolin contains a long (∼300 amino acids) intrinsically unstructured region, followed by the four tandem RNA recognition motifs and the C-terminal glycine/arginine-rich domain. Binding analyses revealed that NVL2(UD) potentially binds to any of the combinations of two successive RNA binding domains in the presence of RNA. Furthermore, NVL2(UD) has a characteristic loop, in which the key basic residues RRKR are exposed to the solvent at the edge of the molecule. The mutation study showed that these residues are necessary and sufficient for nucleolin-RNA complex binding as well as nucleolar localization. Based on the observations presented above, we propose that NVL2 serves as an unfoldase for the nucleolin-RNA complex. As inferred from its RNA dependence and its ATPase activity, NVL2 might facilitate the dissociation and recycling of nucleolin, thereby promoting efficient ribosome biogenesis.
Extending the depth of field through unbalanced optical path difference (2008)

We describe a simple method to extend the depth of field of a conventional camera by inserting a transparent annular ring in front of the pupil of the lens. The insertion of the ring creates an unbalanced optical path difference across the lens aperture, which partitions the pupil and leads to an extended depth of field. This system is analyzed by diffraction and random process theory. Experiments are reported that are in good agreement with the theory.
The use of intravenous regional anesthesia in podiatric surgery. (1987)

Several options become available when choosing between types of anesthesia in foot surgery. Ease in administration, minimal systemic effects, and rapid return of sensation make intravenous regional anesthesia an excellent option. The authors will discuss considerations and concepts along with their experiences with the procedure.
Fabrication of Thermoelectric Cooler for Device Integration (2006)

Thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is a solid state heat pump which uses the semiconductor materials, by Peltier effect, to provide instantaneous cooling or heating. It has the advantage of having no moving parts and thus maintenance free. Due to flexibility in design and miniaturization, there is an opportunity for TEC to be integrated into a temperature sensitive device like laser diodes for temperature stabilization. A TEC module with dimension of 3mm /spl times/ 3.8mm /spl times/ 1mm which could fit into a transceiver optical sub-assembly (TOSA) device was demonstrated using conventional dicing and SMT process. The TEC module assembled with 18 pairs of elements of 0.3mm /spl times/ 0.3mm /spl times/ 0.4mm is able to achieve a figure-of-merit (Z) of 2.3. The TEC module was also tested extensively in thermal stress test, temperature storage test and power cycling test. All tests showed a stable performance with change in AC resistance of less than 5%.
Arylamine<i>N</i>-Acetyltransferase Responsible for Acetylation of 2-Aminophenols in<i>Streptomyces griseus</i> (2006)

An arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) responsible for the N acetylation of exogenous 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid in Streptomyces griseus was identified and characterized. This enzyme was distinct from other eukaryotic and bacterial NATs in that it acetylated various 2-aminophenol derivatives more effectively than it acetylated 5-aminosalicylic acid, and thus it may be involved in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds.
Intelligent network modeling using mobile agents (2002)

A network model is a fundamental part of a network management solution. Traditional network models have provided views with static behavior and limited state of the network components that they represent. This paper presents an alternative approach to the creation and maintenance of network models that relies on the use of mobile agents and the principle of delegation. In the intelligent network model proposed, the behavior and state are part of the model and both may be dynamically updated. A mobile code environment being used to support the research is described.
Generation of 12-fs pulses from a diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Cr:LiSAF laser (1999)

We demonstrate 12-fs-pulse generation from a diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Cr:LiSAF laser. This is to our knowledge the shortest pulse ever produced from a mode-locked Cr:LiSAF laser. Based on an improved estimation of the intracavity dispersions, we utilized BK7 glass for the Brewster-prism-pair material.
A DRC-based check tool for ESD layout verification (2009)

The growing complexity of IC designs makes verification for ESD correctness increasingly difficult. A useful verification tool, based on specific ESD layout rules and extended with layout connectivity, will be presented. The demonstrated approach is extendable with respect to checks and analysis options. Successful usage has been demonstrated on products.
Spectral Properties Of 4-Sulfonato-3,3',5,5'-Tetramethyl-2,2'-Pyrronlethen-1,1'-Borondifluoride Complex (Bodipy), Its Sodium Salt, And Protein Derivatives (1989)

Fluorescent probes, widely used in biochemical sciences, can be excellent tools. However, no single probe is good in all situations. For some cellular studies, quantum yield and stability might be the most important traits; whereas, for intramolecular observations, a long lifetime is an attractive fluorescent feature. Particularly useful are new fluorophores that can be excited by the argon laser at its principal 488 and 514 nm lines for uses in flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, DNA sequencing and other areas and fluorophores that have higher photostability than fluorescein. As our ability to measure the properties of the fluorophores increases and becomes more exact, we must continually reexamine the fluorophores we know and reassess the meaning of the data they supply. In addition, we must be aware of the emergence of new biologically applicable fluorescent probes. An example of one of these new species is discussed here. Since most common dyes are non- or weakly-fluorescent, fluorescent probes have been derived from a relatively limited number of aromatic fluorophores. Completely new fluorophores are rarely developed. Wories1 described synthesis and some spectral characterization of a set of dyes having fluorescein-like spectral properties from the 2,2'-pyrromethene-1,1'-borondifluoride complex. Use of similar derivatives of this new fluorophore as laser dyes has recently been reported. Kang and Haugland have prepared a variety of reactive derivatives from this fluorophore for use as fluorescent probes and for preparation of other probes. Among the probes prepared by Wories, et al. is the sodium salt of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethy1-2,2'- pyrromethene-1,1'-borondifluoride-4-sulfonate complex (here called Bodipysulfonate; structure shown in Fig. 1). We have measured the absorption, fluorescence, and lifetimes of this compound, as well as its non-sulfonated parent compound, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethy1-2,2'-pyrromethene-1,1'-borondifluoride which we have termed Bodipy (trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc.) and the complex bound to two different proteins. The results are presented here.
Surface relief structures with linewidths below 2000 Å (1978)

We describe techniques for producing high-aspect-ratio vertical-walled relief gratings of 1600 Å linewidth with smooth line edges in SiO2 and Si substrates. Soft x-ray lithography (13.3–44.7 Å) is first used to expose such structures in PMMA. Liftoff of chromium and reactive sputter etching in CHF3 gas are then used to transfer the structure into the SiO2.
Contemplating Art: Essays in Aesthetics (2006)

'Contemplating Art' is a compendium of writings by one of the leading figures in aesthetics, Jerrold Levinson. The 24 essays range over issues in general aesthetics and those relating to specific arts - in particular music, film, and literature.
Reduction of Surface Stacking Faults on N‐Type <100> Silicon Wafers (1986)

Surface stacking faults found on N‐type <100> silicon wafers after a 1100°C steam oxidation have been studied using a combination of chemical etching, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x‐ray analysis. Metal contamination (particularly Cu and Ni) present in the furnace during oxidation has been identified as a major source for these stacking faults. Results indicate that the reason N<100> wafers usually form stacking faults rather than S‐pits in the presence of metal contamination is that their surfaces can more easily be contaminated with metals. Observations show that this enhanced sensitivity to metals (as compared to other wafer types and orientations) may be a result of both (i) fewer bulk defects available for intrinsic gettering, and (ii) surface orientation characteristics. N<100> surface stacking fault densities can be reduced by both furnace cleaning procedures and back‐surface gettering treatments.
Association of Blepharitis with<i>Demodex</i>: A Meta-analysis (2012)

The association between Demodex infestation and blepharitis was statistically significant. The conclusion implies that when conventional treatments for blepharitis fail, examination of Demodex mites and acaricidal therapy should be considered.
Antiatherogenic effect of captopril in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. (1990)

The effects of 9 months of orally administered captopril (25-50 mg/kg body wt/day) on aortic atherosclerosis was examined in normotensive Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Captopril caused a significant decrease in aortic atherosclerosis. Total aortic surface involvement by lesions was reduced from 48 +/- 3.6% in control Watanabe rabbits to 30 +/- 3.9% with captopril treatment (p less than 0.01). Most of the decrease could be accounted for by a marked reduction in atherosclerosis of descending thoracic aortas from 49 +/- 5.2% to 15 +/- 3.9% in control and captopril-related groups, respectively (p less than 0.001). Significant decrease in cholesterol content of descending thoracic aorta was also observed in captopril-treated rabbits. Microscopic examination of the arterial lesions in captopril-treated animals suggested a relative decrease in cellularity and increase in extracellular matrix as compared with untreated animals. These studies indicate that captopril has a potent antiatherosclerotic action in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit.
Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms (1940)

our attention was drawn by Prof. Ch. Dhere of the University ofFribourg to a unique fungal colouring matter, long known as "mycoporphyrin", which is present in nature in Penicilliopsis clavariaeformis Solms-Laubach, a fungus peculiar to Java and found on the fallen and decaying fruits of Diospyros rmacrophylla Bl. The whole fructification of this fungus is sulphur-yellow in colour, and Reinke isolated from this extract red prisms which were not examined chemically but to which he gave the name mycoporphyrin since the substance gives an absorption spectrum which very closely resembles that of the true porphyrins. Other workers, e.g. Fischer & Niemann [1925] showed however by a series of reactions on an alcoholic extract of the naturally occurring fungus that mycoporphyrin, in spite of its absorption spectrum, cannot be a true porphyrin. The colouring matter itself was not isolated or analysed.
Personalizing map content to improve task completion efficiency (2010)

Significant interaction challenges arise in both developing and using interactive map applications. Users encounter problems of information overload in using interactive maps to complete tasks. This is further exacerbated by device limitations and interaction constraints in increasingly popular mobile platforms. Application developers must then address restrictions related to screen size and limited bandwidth in order to effectively display maps on mobile devices. In order to address issues of user information overload and application efficiency in interactive map applications, we have developed a novel approach for delivering personalized vector maps. Ongoing task interactions between users and maps are monitored and captured implicitly in order to infer individual and group preferences related to specific map feature content. Personalized interactive maps that contain spatial feature content tailored specifically to users' individual preferences are then generated. Our approach addresses spatial information overload by providing only the map information necessary and sufficient to suit user interaction preferences, thus simplifying the completion of tasks performed with interactive maps. In turn, tailoring map content to specific user preferences considerably reduces the size of vector data sets necessary to transmit and render maps on mobile devices. We have developed a geographic information system prototype, MAPPER (MAP PERsonalization), that implements our approach. Experimental evaluations show that the use of personalized maps helps users complete their tasks more efficiently and can reduce information overload.
Biocompatible Nanocomplexes for Molecular Targeted MRI Contrast Agent (2009)

Accurate diagnosis in early stage is vital for the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of poly lactic acid-polyethylene glycol/gadolinium-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (PLA-PEG/Gd-DTPA) nanocomplexes using as biocompatible molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. The PLA-PEG/Gd-DTPA nanocomplexes were obtained using self-assembly nanotechnology by incubation of PLA-PEG nanoparticles and the commercial contrast agent, Gd-DTPA. The physicochemical properties of nanocomplexes were measured by atomic force microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. The T(1)-weighted MR images of the nanocomplexes were obtained in a 3.0 T clinical MR imager. The stability study was carried out in human plasma and the distribution in vivo was investigated in rats. The mean size of the PLA-PEG/Gd-DTPA nanocomplexes was 187.9 +/- 2.30 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.108, and the zeta potential was -12.36 +/- 3.58 mV. The results of MRI test confirmed that the PLA-PEG/Gd-DTPA nanocomplexes possessed the ability of MRI, and the direct correlation between the MRI imaging intensities and the nano-complex concentrations was observed (r = 0.987). The signal intensity was still stable within 2 h after incubation of the nanocomplexes in human plasma. The nanocomplexes gave much better image contrast effects and longer stagnation time than that of commercial contrast agent in rat liver. A dose of 0.04 mmol of gadolinium per kilogram of body weight was sufficient to increase the MRI imaging intensities in rat livers by five-fold compared with the commercial Gd-DTPA. PLA-PEG/Gd-DTPA nanocomplexes could be prepared easily with small particle sizes. The nanocomplexes had high plasma stability, better image contrast effect, and liver targeting property. These results indicated that the PLA-PEG/Gd-DTPA nanocomplexes might be potential as molecular targeted imaging contrast agent.
Calcination kinetics and surface area of dispersed limestone particles (1985)

Abstract The rates of calcination of two types of limestones, ranging in particle size from 1 to 90 μm, were measured over the temperature range 516 to 1,000°C. A kinetic model based on the B.E.T. (Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller method) surface area of the CaCO 3 correlates the results over 5 orders of magnitude in reaction rate. The B.E.T. surface area of CaO formed by rapid calcination in dispersed‐particle systems is 50 to 90 m 2 /g.
Designing transthyretin mutants affecting tetrameric structure: implications in amyloidogenicity (2000)

The molecular mechanisms that convert soluble transthyretin (TTR) tetramers into insoluble amyloid fibrils are still unknown; dissociation of the TTR tetramer is a pre-requisite for amyloid formation in vitro and involvement of monomers and/or dimers in fibril formation has been suggested by structural studies. We have designed four mutated proteins with the purpose of stabilizing [Ser(117)-->Cys (S117C) and Glu(92)-->Cys (E92C)] or destabilizing [Asp(18)-->Asn (D18N) and Leu(110)-->Ala (D110A)] the dimer/tetramer interactions in TTR, aiming at elucidating structural determinants in amyloidogenesis. The resistance of the mutated proteins to dissociation was analysed by HPLC studies of diluted TTR preparations. Both 'stabilized' mutants migrated as tetramers and, upon dilution, no other TTR species was observed, confirming the increased resistance to dissociation. For the 'destabilized' mutants, a mixture of tetrameric and monomeric forms co-existed at low dilution and the latter increased upon 10-fold dilution. Both of the destabilizing mutants formed amyloid in vitro when acidified. This result indicated that both the AB loop of TTR, destabilized in D18N, and the hydrophobic interactions affecting the dimer-dimer interfaces in L110A are implicated in the stability of the tetrameric structure. The stabilized mutants, which were dimeric in nature through disulphide bonding, were unable to polymerize into amyloid, even at pH 3.2. When the amyloid formation assay was repeated in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, upon disruption of the S-S bridges of these stable dimers, amyloid fibril formation was observed. This experimental evidence suggests that monomers, rather than dimers, are the repeating structural subunit comprising the amyloid fibrils.
Design issues in mobile agent programming systems (1998)

The article discusses system-level issues and agent programming requirements that arise in the design of mobile agent systems. The authors describe several mobile agent systems to illustrate different approaches designers have taken in addressing these challenges. The following areas are discussed: agent mobility, naming, security issues, privacy and integrity, authentication, authorization and access control, metering and charging mechanisms, programming primitives, agent communication and synchronization primitives, agent monitoring and control primitives, and fault tolerance primitives.
30 INSULIN RECEPTORS AS WELL AS INSULIN ARE PRESENT IN SALIVA AND NASAL MUCUS. (2006)

<h3></h3> We have recently demonstrated insulin presence in saliva and nasal mucus and that levels change in response to physiological and pathological processes. Because of these findings we wished to determine if insulin receptors were also present in saliva and in nasal mucus. We measured insulin receptor concentration (in ng/mL) by colorimetric ELISA 96-plate assay in plasma, saliva, and nasal mucus in fasting and nonfasting states in patients with a variety of diseases. Insulin receptors were present in plasma, saliva, and nasal mucus. In the fasting state in control patients insulin receptor concentration in plasma was 2.3 ± 0.3 (mean ± SEM), whereas in saliva it was 7.1 ± 0.6, significantly higher than in plasma (<i>p</i> < .001). In the fasting state in plasma in patients with controlled diabetes mellitus insulin receptor concentration was 21.0 ± 7.4; in saliva it was 4.0 ± 0.9, significantly lower than in plasma (p < .001). In the nonfasting state plasma insulin receptors in control patients were essentially the same as in the fasting state but in diabetics plasma insulin receptor concentration was decreased in the fasting state; in saliva, in control patients and in diabetics insulin receptor concentration was essentially the same in the fasting or nonfasting state. In nasal mucus in the nonfasting state in control patients insulin receptor concentration was 9.0 ± 1.0, about three times higher than in plasma, slightly higher than in saliva and more than twice as high as compared to diabetics. Insulin concentration relative to insulin receptor concentration in saliva in control patients and diabetics was decreased significantly comparing the nonfasting to the fasting state, whereas insulin itself was increased in both control patients and diabetics. In thin and obese patients there were changes in insulin receptor concentration in plasma, saliva, and nasal mucus relative to their physiological and pathological states. These data demonstrate that both saliva and nasal mucus contain soluble insulin receptors and indicate that these biological fluids can serve as indicators of insulin receptor metabolism. Since these fluids can be obtained with greater ease than can plasma, saliva and nasal mucus can serve as simple, useful, noninvasive indicators of insulin receptor as well as insulin metabolism. This is the first demonstration of insulin receptors in saliva and nasal mucus.
A nuclear micro battery for Mems devices (2001)

Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) have not gained wide use because they lack the on-device power required by many important applications. Several forms of energy could be considered to supply this needed power (solar, fossil fuels, etc), but nuclear sources provide an intriguing option in terms of power density and lifetime. This paper describes several approaches for establishing the viability of nuclear sources for powering realistic MEMS devices. Isotopes currently being used include alpha and low-energy beta emitters. The sources are in both solid and liquid form, and a technique for plating a solid source from a liquid source has been investigated. Several approaches are being explored for the production of MEMS power sources. The first concept is a junction-type battery. The second concept involves a more direct use of the charged particles produced by the decay: the creation of a resonator by inducing movement due to attraction or repulsion resulting from the collection of charged particles. Performance results are provided for each of these concepts.