gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Advantages of the Single Buoy Storage System (SBS) (1973)

Abstract To ensure non-stop production at the Ashtart offshore oil field, Aquitaine-Tunisia (subsidiary of Societe Nationale de Petroles ‘d’ Aquitaine) chose the single buoy storage system(SBS). A 70.000 DWT storage barge is permanently moored to a modified SBM by a rigid "A" frame hinged only at the vessel end and incorporating the SBM turntable and oil piping. The absence of floating hoses and bowhawsers enables continuous loading, even during heavy storms. An electrical power supply from the platform restricts the necessary personnel to those required for maintenance, loading, unloading, etc. Model tests show that off-taking tankers can remain safely moored alongside in 14 ft. waves. Introduction A new development, the "sing1e Duoy storage", (SBS) is in the process of being constructed for Aquitaine Tunisia on the Ashtart field, approx. 80 km. from the Tunisian coast in the Gulf of Gabes. This field is situated south of the Kerkennah islands in an average waterdepth of 66 m. The transfer of crude is one of the numerous problems encountered in new offshore fields. Several solutions have been found to solve this problem, all of which present certain advantages and disadvantages. A thorough study of the various systems has been made and the solutions offered are enumerated briefly (fig. 1) 1) Sealine between field and shore The application of a sealine presents the advantage of allowing a continuous crude transfer. In addition, it is not subject to the hazards encountered by weather conditions during loading at sea. A sealine can always be considered, and is even more attractive if there is:–the possibility of treating the crude nearby–the proximity of an oil terminal–consumption of the product on site For the Ashtart field, one of there condition was fulfilled as there as already an oil terminal in existence in La Skhira in the Gulf of Gabes. Both technical and economical studies have shown that a sealine is feasible, provided that the production level is greater than 3 million tons per year. However, an estimate of initial production does not allow this solution to be adopted at present, but it might be reconsidered when production reaches the indicated level (fig. 2). 2) Loading facilities at sea without storage Such loading facilities are generally made up of an SBM to which an off-taking tanker is moored. Crude is transferred by means of hoses between SBM and tanker and between SBM and bottom manifold. Production is only possible when a tanker is moored to the loading facility and even with two SBM's in parallel, a halt of production will occur if mooring is not possible due to severe weather conditions.
Detection and assessment of the severity of Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease by neural networks (2000)

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have remained a clinical challenge. We evaluated the feasibility of neural networks to detect LID and to quantify their severity in 16 patients with PD at rest and during various activities of daily living. The movements of the patients were measured using four pairs of accelerometers mounted on the wrist, upper arm, trunk, and leg on the most affected side. Using parameters obtained from the accelerometer signals, neural networks were trained to detect and to classify LID corresponding to the modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Important parameters for classification appeared to be the mean segment velocity and the cross-correlation between accelerometers on the arm, trunk, and leg. Neural networks were able to distinguish voluntary movements from LID and to assess the severity of LID in various activities. Based on the results in this study, we conclude that neural networks are a valid and reliable method to detect and to assess the severity of LID corresponding to the modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale.
Association between lamivudine sensitivity and the number of substitutions in the reverse transcriptase region of the hepatitis B virus polymerase (2007)

This study aimed to identify the viral factors responsible for poor sensitivity to lamivudine (LAM). We analyzed 49 LAM-treated chronic hepatitis B patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C. Serum HBV DNA reached a level below the detection limit of the sensitive PCR assay in 31 (63.3%) within the first 24 weeks of LAM therapy (good responder group). Of the patients who did not achieve undetectable levels of HBV DNA within 24 weeks (poor responder group), 15 (83.3%) experienced virological breakthrough, whilst only four patients in the good responder group (12.9%) experienced virological breakthrough. Multivariate analysis revealed that failure to achieve a reduction in viral load to undetectable levels within 24 weeks was independently associated with the occurrence of virological breakthrough. Sequence analysis of the HBV genome revealed that point mutations in the precore region (G1896A) and enhancer I (A1287G/C) were observed more frequently in the good responder group than in the poor responder group (P = 0.002 and 0.019 respectively), and the number of substitutions in the reverse transcriptase domain of the polymerase was significantly higher in the good responders than in the poor responders (P = 0.026). In conclusion, determining the sequence of preexisting HBV, especially for enhancer I, the precore region, and the RT domain of the polymerase region, may be useful in predicting sensitivity to LAM therapy.
The ceramide transporter and the Goodpasture antigen binding protein: one protein – one function? (2010)

The Goodpasture antigen-binding protein (GPBP) and its splice variant the ceramide transporter (CERT) are multifunctional proteins that have been found to play important roles in brain development and biology. However, the function of GPBP and CERT is controversial because of their involvement in two apparently unrelated research fields: GPBP was initially isolated as a protein associated with collagen IV in patients with the autoimmune disease Goodpasture syndrome. Subsequently, a splice variant lacking a serine-rich domain of 26 amino acids (GPBPDelta26) was found to mediate the cytosolic transport of ceramide and was therefore (re)named CERT. The two splice forms likely carry out different functions in specific sub-cellular localizations. Selective GPBP knockdown induces extensive apoptosis and tissue loss in the brain of zebrafish. GPBP/GPBPDelta26 knock-out mice die as a result of structural and functional defects in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Because both mitochondria and ceramide play an important role in many biological events that regulate neuronal differentiation, cellular senescence, proliferation and cell death, we propose that GPBP and CERT are pivotal in neurodegenerative processes. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge on GPBP and CERT, including the molecular and biochemical characterization of GPBP in the field of autoimmunity as well as the fundamental research on CERT in ceramide transport, biosynthesis, localization, metabolism and cell homeostasis.
A Low-power signal processing front-end and decoder for UHF passive RFID transponders (2009)

In this paper, a low-power signal processing front-end and PIE decoder for use in UHF RFID passive transponders is presented. By merging with the decoder, the clock generator does not need to drive a large loading capacitor. Therefore, its power consumption can be greatly reduced. In addition, the ring oscillator of the generator was designed for low sensitivity to supply voltage variation and low power consumption. Fabricated in a 0.13-mum CMOS process, the measured power consumption consumes only 850 nW.
Effects of Interdisciplinary Rounds on Length of Stay in a Telemetry Unit (2004)

IRs did not decrease LOS in a telemetry ward. Whereas a potential benefit of IRs in other settings cannot be ruled out, this study emphasizes the importance of rigorous testing of strategies to enhance the quality or reduce the costs of inpatient care.
In vitro and in vivo activation of human mononuclear phagocytes by interferon-gamma. Studies with normal and AIDS monocytes. (1987)

To determine the potential immunotherapeutic role of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) as a mononuclear phagocyte-activating agent, we examined the effector cell function of peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients after either in vitro and/or in vivo treatment with recombinant (r) IFN-gamma. When assayed immediately after a 24-hr in vitro pulse with 300 U/ml, normal and AIDS monocytes behaved similarly with little augmentation of their intrinsically high levels of H2O2 release and activity against Toxoplasma gondii; in contrast, activity toward the more resistant intracellular pathogen, Leishmania donovani, was appreciably enhanced by rIFN-gamma. In addition, upon testing 4 to 6 days after in vitro pulsing, both normal and AIDS monocytes showed clear evidence of persistent activation in all three assays. The capacity of IFN-gamma to similarly activate monocytes in vivo was confirmed in all ten treated AIDS patients by examining cells before and after 24-hr infusions of 0.03 and 0.5 mg of rIFN-gamma/square meter (M2) of body surface area. For postinfusion monocytes tested after 1 day in culture, H2O2 release and antitoxoplasma activity were essentially unchanged, but antileishmanial effects were augmented. After 5 to 7 days in culture, monocytes from treated patients showed 3.2- to 5.9-fold increases in H2O2-releasing capacity and increases of 49 to 68% and 35 to 61% in intracellular activity against T. gondii and L. donovani, respectively. These results indicate that the human monocyte can be induced by rIFN-gamma to express signs of both immediate and persistent activation and suggest that, as a direct activator of mononuclear phagocytes, rIFN-gamma may also have potential as an immunotherapeutic agent for patients with intracellular infections.
Magnetic-Field-Induced Orientational Ordering of Alkaline Lyotropic Silicate−Surfactant Liquid Crystals (1997)

Macroscopically oriented silicate−surfactant liquid crystals are produced by slow cooling of lamellar and hexagonal mesophases through their isotropic−anisotropic phase transition in an 11.7 T magnetic field. Comparisons of in situ experimental and simulated 2H NMR spectra quantify the degrees of orientational order in the silicate−surfactant liquid crystals. The overall orientations of the mesophases with respect to the applied magnetic field depend upon the combined diamagnetic susceptibilities of the individual molecular species in the multicomponent surfactant−silicate mixtures. As a result, macroscopic alignment of these liquid crystalline systems can be controlled by adjusting their composition: lamellar or hexagonal domains are shown to adopt different orientations, according to the diamagnetic susceptibilities of different organic additives present in otherwise identical mixtures. These results demonstrate the utility of liquid crystal processing strategies for organizing inorganic−organic hybrid materials over mesoscopic and macroscopic length scales.
Loss of putative tumor suppressor EI24/PIG8 confers resistance to etoposide (2007)

Expression of p53-target gene EI24/PIG8 is lost in invasive breast cancers, suggesting that EI24/PIG8 is a tumor suppressor that prevents tumor spreading, and partially mediates p53-attributed tumor suppressor activity. EI24/PIG8 also has pro-apoptotic activity indicating that loss of EI24/PIG8 may modulate sensitivity to chemotherapy. Here it is demonstrated that suppression of EI24/PIG8 in fibroblasts and breast cancer cells significantly inhibits the apoptotic response to etoposide treatment. These findings suggest that loss of EI24/PIG8 contributes significantly to resistance of cells to chemotherapeutic agents that function through p53, and identify the EI24/PIG8 status as a potentially new prognostic marker of chemotherapy responsiveness.
pH-Responsive Layered Hydrogel Microcapsules as Gold Nanoreactors (2009)

We demonstrate that layered hydrogel poly(methacrylic acid) capsules (PMAA), produced from hydrogen-bonded (PMAA/poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PMAA/PVPON) multilayer precursors through cross-linking with ethylenediamine (EDA), can facilitate in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles within hydrogel walls under ambient conditions. The necessary amine groups are available within the (PMAA) shells due to one-end attached cross-linker molecules. We also show that the nanoparticle size can be controlled through changing the pH-dependent balance of amine/ammonium groups in the ionic cross-links within the shells. Importantly, the pH-responsive properties of the ultrathin hydrogel shells are preserved after gold nanoparticle synthesis within the capsule walls. The reported in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles within the ultrathin and pH-responsive shells can find a potential use for straightforward and facile fabrication of the hybrid organic−gold nanomaterials for biochemical sensing and delivery applications.
T Cell Activation and Proliferation Characteristic for HIV-Nef Transgenic Mice Is Lymphopenia Induced (2007)

The HIV-Nef protein has been implicated in generating high viral loads and T cell activation. Transgenic (tg) mice with constitutive T cell-specific Nef expression show a dramatic reduction in T cell number and highly increased T cell turnover. Previous studies in Nef tg mice attributed this T cell activation to a direct effect of Nef at the cellular level. Given the strongly reduced peripheral T cell numbers, we examined whether this enhanced T cell division might instead be lymphopenia induced. Adoptively transferred naive wild-type T cells into lymphopenic Nef tg mice showed high T cell turnover and obtained the same effector/memory phenotype as the autologous Nef tg T cells, supporting the idea that the microenvironment determines the phenotype of the T cells present. Moreover, in bone marrow chimeras from mixtures of wild-type and Nef tg bone marrow, with a full T cell compartment containing a small proportion of Nef tg T cells, Nef tg T cells kept a naive phenotype. These results demonstrate that T cell activation in the Nef tg mice is lymphopenia induced rather than due to a direct T cell-activating effect of Nef.
All-optical long-distance quantum communication with Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill qubits (2021)

Quantum repeaters are a promising platform for realizing long-distance quantum communication and thus could form the backbone of a secure quantum internet, a scalable quantum network, or a distributed quantum computer. Repeater protocols that encode information in single- or multiphoton states are limited by transmission losses and the cost of implementing entangling gates or Bell measurements. In this work, we consider implementing a quantum repeater protocol using Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubits. These qubits are natural elements for quantum repeater protocols, because they allow for deterministic Gaussian entangling operations and Bell measurements, which can be implemented at room temperature. The GKP encoding is also capable of correcting small displacement errors. At the cost of additional Gaussian noise, photon loss can be converted into a random displacement error channel by applying a phase-insensitive amplifier. Here we show that a similar conversion can be achieved in two-way repeater protocols by using phase-sensitive amplification applied in the postprocessing of the measurement data, resulting in less overall Gaussian noise per (sufficiently short) repeater segment. We also investigate concatenating the GKP code with higher-level qubit codes while leveraging analog syndrome data, postselection, and path-selection techniques to boost the rate of communication. We compute the secure key rates and find that GKP repeaters can achieve a comparative performance relative to methods based on photonic qubits while using orders-of-magnitude fewer qubits.
Methodology for Precisely Estimating the Generation of Standalone Photovoltaic System (2009)

In order to settle the problem of blindness before installations of PV arrays, a methodology for precisely estimating the generation capacity of standalone photovoltaic (SPV) systems is investigated. The proposed model for the calculation process is based on the local solar radiation data and the system characteristics and thus has a better precision. A case study of a photovoltaic system by using the meteorology data of Beijing is illustrated as an example to present the method.
ENGINEERING CROPS FOR TOLERANCE AGAINST ABIOTIC STRESSES THROUGH GENE MANIPULATION (1998)

Plant genetic engineering took birth in the mid-eighties when, for the first time, plants were successfully engineered for improved virus, herbicide and insect resistance. This sphere has been ever-increasing since then. Abiotic stresses (such as high salt levels, low water availability leading to drought, excess water leading to flooding, high and low temperature regimes, etc.) adversely affect crop plants. The genetic responses of plants to these stresses are complex involving simultaneous expression of a number of genes. Till the early-nineties it was inconceivable that there would be any success in attaining the goal of improving resistance of crop plants to abiotic stresses. Continuing efforts of the stress biologists have resulted in engineering of plants resistant to low temperature, high temperature and excess salinity. A satisfactory progress has also been achieved in the area of generating plants resistant to water stress and flooding. While what has been achieved is impressive, it is still a challenging task to pyramid useful genes for high-level resistance to such stresses. The limiting factor in extension of biotechnology to abiotic stresses is the lack of information on what are the 'useful genes'-genes which would lead to better stress tolerance. We have reviewed how these genes are being searched to enable further development of strategies for stress management in crop plants. This is important because the strategics for coping with the abiotic stresses (and also for several other applications in plant biotechnology) have also come through the research work of scientists working on as diverse organisms as bacteria and fish.
Car Plate Detection Using Cascaded Tree-Style Learner Based on Hybrid Object Features (2006)

Car plate detection is a key component in automatic license plate recognition system. This paper adopts an enhanced cascaded tree style learner framework for car plate detection using the hybrid object features including the simple statistical features and Harr-like features. The statistical features are useful for simplifying the process on cascade classifier. The cascaded tree-style detector design will further reduce the false alarm and the false dismissal while retaining a high detection ratio. The experimental results obtained by the proposed algorithm exhibit the encouraging performance.
Structural chemistry of phthalocyaninato-cobalt(II) and -manganese(II) (1979)

The crystal and molecular structures of the β-polymorphic forms of phthalocyaninatomanganese(II), [Mn(pc)], and phthalocyaninatocobalt(II), [Co(pc)], have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods at 295 K, and also at 116 K in the case of [Mn(pc)]. Crystals are of the monoclinic β-polymorph type, space group P21/c, Z= 2; for [Mn(pc)](116 K), a= 14.590(3), b= 4.741(1), c= 19.301(5)Å, β= 120.79(1)°; (295 K), a= 14.576(5), b= 4.755(1), c= 19.362(7)Å, β= 120.70(2)°; [Co(pc)](295 K), a= 14.542(2), b= 4.773 1(5), c= 19.352(2)Å, β= 120.824(7)°. Automatic diffractometry has provided significant Bragg intensities for 1 608 {[Mn(pc)], 116 K}, 1 525 (295 K), and 1 930 {[Co(pc)]} independent reflections and the structures have been refined by full-matrix least-squares methods to R 0.038 {[Mn(pc)], 116 K}, 0.072 (295 K), and 0.039 {[Co(pc)]}. The metal atoms co-ordinate within the central cavity of the macrocyclic phthalocyaninate ligand to a precisely planar array of nitrogen atoms, with mean bond lengths Mn–N = 1.941(3)Å at 116 K, 1.933(5)Å at 295 K, and Co–N 1.908(2)Å. The intermolecular packing is of the typical herringbone arrangement, with angles of 47.9 {[Mn(pc)], 116 K} and 47.3°{[Co(pc)]} between the normals to the MN4 co-ordination planes and the crystallographic b axes. Each molecule has close contacts with two neighbours related by translations of ±b, resulting in pseudo-octahedral metal environments with axial Mn–N contacts of 3.150(3)(116), 3.169(6)Å(295 K), and a Co–N contact of 3.219(3)Å. The importance of these intermolecular contacts in establishing a ferromagnetic exchange path in [Mn(pc)] is discussed, as are deviations within the macrocyclic ligand from D4h symmetry.
Review: Behaviour of endothelial cells faced with hypoxia (2008)

Hypoxia is a diminution of oxygen quantity delivered to tissue for cellular need to product energy. Hypoxia derives from two major conditions in health diseases: anemia and ischemia. Anemic hypoxia comes from damage to O(2) transport like red blood cells diminution or disease. Ischemic hypoxia is a diminution of blood flow following a diminution of blood volume after a hemorrhagic shock. After hypoxia, vessels dilate to increase blood flow allowing a better oxygenation of peripheral tissues. This vasodilation appears immediately after the beginning of hypoxia and can be maintained during several hours. Today, the molecular mechanisms of this vasodilation stay unclear. But it seems that potassic channels, ATP concentration and medium acidification in addition to vasodilator/vasoconstrictor balance play a great role to facilitate the oxygenation of the ischemic areas.As endothelial cells (EC) are lining the vasculature, they are always in contact with blood, which carries, amongst other compounds, oxygen. In this way, they are the first target for an oxygen partial pressure (PO(2)) diminution. EC, through different mechanosensors, can sense a variation in PO(2) and adapt their metabolism to maintain ATP production. Under hypoxia, EC switch into hypoxic metabolism, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Indeed, when PO(2) is low, the respiratory chain in the mitochondria runs slower. Furthermore, cytochrome C capacity to trap O(2) is reduced; this phenomenon alters the cellular redox potential and leads to the accumulation of electrons that induce the formation of ROS.This review presents an overview of the behaviour of endothelial cells face to hypoxia. We propose to focus on nitric oxide, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), lactate and ROS productions. Then we present the different mode of culture of EC under hypoxia. Finally, we conclude on the difficulty to study hypoxia because of the various types of system developed to reproduce this phenomenon and the different signalling ways that can be activated.