gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prepandemic H5N1 influenza vaccine adjuvanted with AS03: a review of the pre-clinical and clinical data (2009)

The AS03-adjuvanted prepandemic H5N1 influenza vaccine allows for antigen sparing, has a good safety and acceptable reactogenicity profile, induces an immune response that not only meets all European Committee for Medicinal Products (CHMP) and FDA requirements for the vaccine strain but also generates neutralizing antibodies that broadly cross-react against H5N1 drift strains, and finally conveys protection in a ferret model against lethal challenges with homologous and heterologous H5N1 viruses.
Bone induction by porous glass ceramic made from Bioglass� (45S5) (2001)

Porous glass ceramic, which was prepared from Bioglass powder (45S5, U.S. Biomaterials) by foaming with diluted H(2)O(2) solution and sintering at 1000 degrees C for 2 h, was implanted as cylinders (5 mm in diameter and 6 mm in length) in thigh muscles of dogs for 3 months. Histological observation was made on thin un-decalcified sections. Bone formation was histologically found in pores of all implants (X16) retrieved from 16 dogs. The bone tissue was also identified with backscattered scanning electron microscopy observation (BSE) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). This is the first report of bone induction in soft tissues of animals by glass ceramic that has long been recognized as a bioactive (osteoconductive) biomaterial. The present results justify the impetus to investigate the osteoinductivity of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials, to study the mechanism of bone induction (osteoinduction) by calcium phosphate-based biomaterials, to develop osteoinductive calcium phosphate-based biomaterials, and to examine the relation between osteoinduction and osteoconduction.
Construction of Rate-Compatible LDPC Codes Utilizing Information Shortening and Parity Puncturing (2005)

This paper proposes a method for constructing rate-compatible low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The construction considers the problem of optimizing a family of rate-compatible degree distributions as well as the placement of bipartite graph edges. A hybrid approach that combines information shortening and parity puncturing is proposed. Local graph conditioning techniques for the suppression of error floors are also included in the construction methodology.
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2 prevents adverse effects induced by phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors in rats (2010)

Treatment with an NSAID inhibiting COX-2 prevents the major effects found after subchronic overdosing with the PDE4-specific inhibitor roflumilast. If this effect translates into humans, such combined treatment may increase the therapeutic window of PDE4 inhibitors, currently under clinical development.
Hyperbaric oxygen as effective adjuvant therapy in the treatmentof distal calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (2008)

Calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (CUA), calciphylaxis or uraemia of small-vessel disease is a rare life-threatening complication predominantly affecting patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [1]. It typically occurs in those with secondary hyperparathyroidism and is associated with deranged calcium and phosphate metabolism. Other factors, such as malnutrition, obesity, diabetes mellitus, warfarin therapy and female gender, have been implicated as additional risk factors [2]. CUA presents as severely painful ulcers, usually occurring in the lower limbs. The mechanism of injury appears to be calcification of subcutaneous tissues and small arterioles. At a molecular level, derangement of vascular smooth muscle cell function leading to osteogenic differentiation in conjunction with endothelial cell dysfunction appears to be important [3]. The lesions are slow to heal, with superimposed bacterial infection leading to sepsis, the most common cause of death (in up to 80% of patients).

The first case series of CUA was published in 1976 [4]. Subsequently, the incidence of CUA in patients with ESRD has increased markedly [3]. Reports to the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplantation Registry (ANZDATA) demonstrate that CUA had been identified as a comorbidity or cause of death in 171 patients, from its first documentation in 1985 until March 2005 (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Despite an increasing awareness of this disease and a better understanding of its aetiology, an effective form of treatment remains elusive. Most therapeutic regimens include aggressive wound care, ensuring adequate nutrition, improving calcium–phosphate balance and correcting secondary hyperparathyroidism. The use of bisphosphonates [5], low-molecular weight heparin [1] or sodium thiosulfate [6] has been met with success in a few patients.



Fig. 1

The number of patients with ESRD and CUA as a comorbidity or cause of death reported to ANZDATA between 1985 and 2005.



Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) involves breathing 100% oxygen within a pressurized environment. It is first-line therapy for a number of medical conditions, namely decompression sickness and carbon monoxide poisoning [7]. Most recently, HBO has been shown to be of benefit in advancing wound healing, including lesions due to CUA [8]. It is proposed to work by increasing oxygen tension in the ischaemic tissue, although the primary initiating factor of vascular calcification is not altered. We report our experience with the treatment of CUA with HBO, which appears to be well tolerated. We describe the largest, single-centre case series of patients with CUA successfully treated with a combination of therapies including HBO.
Role of Antioxidant Lycopene in Cancer and Heart Disease (2000)

Lycopene, a carotenoid without provitamin-A activity, is present in many fruits and vegetables; however, tomatoes and processed tomato products constitute the major source of lycopene in North American diet. Among the carotenoids, lycopene is a major component found in the serum and other tissues. Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in several recent studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related with the chronic disease risk. Although the antioxidant properties of lycopene are thought to be primarily responsible for its beneficial properties, evidence is accumulating to suggest other mechanisms such as modulation of intercellular gap junction communication, hormonal and immune system and metabolic pathways may also be involved. This review summarizes the background information about lycopene and presents the most current knowledge with respect to its role in human health and disease.
A transformer inrush mitigation method for series voltage sag compensators (2005)

Voltage sags are major power quality problems encountered by industries. Especially for high-tech companies which reside within inside industry park, any voltage sag event in the distribution system could affect many manufacturers and inflict significant losses. The voltage sag compensator, based on transformer-coupled series-connected voltage source inverter, is among the most cost-effective solution to protect sensitive loads. For the off-line sag compensator, one important issue is the transformer inrush at the start of sag compensation. The inrush current may trigger the over-current protection of the compensator inverter, and the transformer output voltage is greatly reduced due the magnetics saturation. Oversizing the transformer is a common approach to avoid the inrush current However, this would dramatically increase the size and weight of the sag compensation system. This paper proposes a new technique for mitigating the inrush of the coupling transformer and preserving the output voltage for effective sag compensation. Detailed explanations of the proposed inrush mitigation technique are presented, and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by laboratory test results. The inverter-assisted commutation sequence of the bypass thyristors for fast start of the compensator is also presented and verified by test results.
Wide‐range distance meter based on frequency modulation of an Nd:YAG laser (1996)

The paper presents a distance meter for noncontact measurement over extended ranges based on the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) technique. A tunable diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser is used to generate the chirp signal. The system has been characterized over a measurement range from 1 to 11 m. In accordance with the state of the art of the FMCW interferometry, the average measurement accuracy of the system is 10(-4) of the measured distance. The behavior of the frequency modulator has been experimentally characterized. A suitable signal elaboration procedure has been implemented to compensate for the nonlinear behavior of the optical frequency modulator. (C) 1996 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
What about me? Children as co-researchers (2007)

This paper explores how adults build relationships and share power and resources with children in research. These relationships are influenced by views adults’ hold of children including their capabilities and competencies to be social agents. This affects the type of research that is designed by adults and the role children might play from the initial identification of the research issue through to the research design and the final research outcomes. The aim of this paper is to explore two child-centred research projects. We will illustrate how as adult researchers we have sought to create research designs that support children to take up the role as authentic co-researchers. We will also share some of the key issues and limitations that have arisen from constructing a flexible and child-centred approach to research design.
Microelectromechanical filters for signal processing (1992)

Microelectromechanical (MEM) filters based on coupled, lateral microresonators are demonstrated. This class of MEM systems has potential signal-processing applications for filters which require narrow bandwidth (high Q), good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and stable temperature and aging characteristics. Both series and parallel filters were fabricated and tested using an off-chip modulation technique. The frequency range of these filters is from approximately 5 kHz to on the order of 1 MHz, for polysilicon microstructures with suspension beams having a 2- mu m-square cross section. A series-coupled resonator pair, designed for operation at atmospheric pressure, has a measured center frequency of 18.7 kHz and a bandwidth of 1.2 kHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PITT ET LA CONVENTION (2011)

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Community-based cloud for emergency management (2011)

Natural and man-made emergencies pose an ever-present threat to the society. In response to the growing number of recent disasters, such as the Indonesian volcanic eruption, Gulf of Mexico oil spill, Haitian earthquake, Pakistani floods, and in particular, the Red River crest that causes flood almost every year here in Fargo, North Dakota, we propose a community-based scalable cloud computing infrastructure for large-scale emergency management. This infrastructure will coordinate various organizations and integrate massive amounts of heterogeneous data sources to effectively deploy personnel and logistics to aid in search and rescue. The infrastructure also will aid in damage assessment, enumeration, and coordination to support sustainable livelihood by protecting lives, properties and the environment.
The Formation and Development of the International Bankers Committee on Mexico (1963)

The International Bankers Committee on Mexico has been generally ignored by American diplomatic historians, and those who have mentioned it have missed the basic significance of its organization and operation. The writer of the leading text dealing with the Latin American policy of the United States devotes less than a paragraph to the Committee and says, “The United States did not even demand arbitration. It left the bondholders to their own representations to the Mexican Government.” This statement can be compared to a description of an iceberg which deals only with that part showing above the surface of the water. The heart of this presentation will be the analysis of that part of the Committee's activities which lay beneath the surface—a study in the interaction of government, business, and revolution. The basic thesis involved is that the Committee was an unofficial instrument of the United States government, as it attempted to influence certain aspects of the Mexican Revolution.
Intracorporeal Billroth 1 Reconstruction by Triangulating Stapling Technique After Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer (2008)

As the laparoscopic operations for gastric cancer have increased, the intracorporeal reconstruction of the digestive tract has received attention because the procedure offers a good visual field regardless of the patient's figure. We performed laparoscopic gastrectomies with regional lymph node dissection on 586 gastric cancer patients between March 1998 and June 2006: 465 distal gastrectomies, 42 proximal gastrectomies, and 79 total gastrectomies. Intracorporeal anastomosis was carried out in 303, 36, and 69 of the above cases, respectively. The intracorporeal Billroth 1 reconstruction was performed in 226 out of the 303 cases who underwent distal gastrectomy and intracorporeal anastomosis. The "triangulating stapling technique" (TST) that uses laparoscopic linear stapling devices was adopted for 196 of these 226 cases; in the remaining 30, circular stapling devices for conventional open gastrectomy (CEEA) were used. In the initial 115 cases of distal gastrectomy, hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) was used, and then we shifted to totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) without HALS. In this paper, we concentrated on the techniques and results of intracorporeal Billroth 1 reconstruction by TST. Reducing postoperative wounds was possible TLDG by TST, compared with HALS and the extracorporeal anastomosis, that is, laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy. Complications from anastomosis resulted in leakage in 2 HALS-TST patients and in 1 TLDG-TST patient, and anastomotic stenosis and bleeding were observed in each 1 case of reconstruction that used CEEA. Intracorporeal Billroth 1 reconstruction by TST is a safe procedure that provides a good visual field regardless of the patient's figure and a feasible technique for reconstruction after laparoscopic distal gastrectomies.
Efficient out-of-vocabulary term detection by n-gram array indices with distance from a syllable lattice (2011)

For spoken document retrieval, it is very important to con sider Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) and mis-recognition of spoken words. Therefore, sub-word unit based recognition and retrieval methods have been proposed. This paper describes a Japanese spoken document retrieval system that is robust for considering OOV words and mis-recognition of sub-units. We used individual syllables as sub-word unit in continuous speech recognition and an n-gram sequence of syllables in a recognized syllable-based lattice. We propose an n-gram indexing/retrieval method with distance in the syllable lattice for attacking OOV, recognition errors, and high speed retrieval. We applied this method to academic lecture presentation database of 44 hours, and 0.58(F-value) of the OOV words were detected in less than 2.5 milliseconds.
Structural elucidation of biologically active neomycin <i>N</i>‐octyl derivatives in a regioisomeric mixture by means of liquid chromatography/ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2010)

Abstract Structural elucidation of six regioisomers of mono‐ N ‐octyl derivatized neomycin is achieved using MS n (up to n = 4) on an ion trap time‐of‐flight (IT‐TOF) instrument equipped with electrospray ionization. The mixture of six derivatized neomycin analogues was generated by reductive amination in a shotgun synthetic approach. In parallel to the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) detection, the antibacterial activity of the neomycin regioisomers was tested by post‐column addition of buffer and bacterial inocula, subsequent microfractionation of the resulting mixture, incubation, and finally a chemiluminescence‐based bioactivity measurement based on the production of bacterial ATP. The MS‐based high‐resolution screening approach described can be applied in medicinal chemistry to help in designing and producing new antibiotic substances, which is particularly challenging due to the high functionality of most antibiotic substances, therefore requiring advanced (hyphenated) separation and detection techniques for compound mixtures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification of an Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme-related Cysteine Protease That Cleaves Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Proteins between the Leucine Zipper and Transmembrane Domains (1995)

We describe the characterization and purification of a protease that cleaves sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and SREBP-2 in vitro. Cleavage occurs between the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper and the first transmembrane domain of each SREBP. This is the region in which the SREBPs are cleaved physiologically by a sterol-regulated protease that releases an NH2-terminal fragment that activates transcription of the genes for the low density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase. The cleavage enzyme, designated SREBP cleavage activity (SCA), belongs to a new class of cysteine proteases of the interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) family, all of which cleave at aspartic acid residues. Like ICE, SCA was inactive in cytosol, and it was activated in vitro by incubation at 30 degrees C. SCA was resistant to inhibitors of serine, aspartyl, and metalloproteases, but it was sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide. The enzyme cleaved SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 between the Asp and Ser of a conserved sequence (S/DEPDSP). The activity was blocked by a tetrapeptide aldehyde, Ac-Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp-aldehyde (Ac-DEAD-CHO). A purified preparation of SCA from hamster liver contained a prominent 20-kDa polypeptide that could be labeled with [14C]iodoacetic acid. Labeling was blocked by Ac-DEAD-CHO. Partial amino acid sequence of this polypeptide revealed that it was the hamster equivalent of human CPP32, a putative protease whose cDNA was recently identified by virtue of sequence homology to ICE. CPP32 and ICE have been implicated in apoptosis in animal cells. Whether SCA/CPP32 participates in vivo in the sterol-regulated activation of SREBP, or whether it activates SREBPs during apoptosis, remains to be determined.
Deformable registration of retinal fluorescein angiogram sequences using vasculature structures (2010)

State-of-the-art deformable registration algorithms do not perform as well with FA sequences because they are designed to deal with changes of content appearance (e.g., due to different sensors imaging the same organs) but not with content changes, which occur throughout a FA sequence as different portions or the vascular structure are visible (perfused) in different frames. This paper presents a frame-to-frame registration algorithm for ultra-wide-field-of-view (UWFV) fluorescein angiograms (FA) of the retina, based on deformable alignment of the retinal vasculature structure. Comparative experiments on an initial set of UWFV FAs indicate that, thanks to its specialization, our technique outperforms one of the best state-of-the-art methods for multimodal image registration when dealing with the demanding characteristics of the UWFV FA sequences.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism-Evaluating the Indication and Effect of a Vena Caval Filter With Indium-111-Platelet Scintigraphy- (2004)

A 63-year-old woman complained of chest pain and was referred to hospital where she was found to have left pleural effusion and swelling, local heat and edema of the right lower leg. Initial pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy demonstrated multiple defects and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) was confirmed during the anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy against thrombophlebitis. A Greenfield filter was inserted in the inferior vena cava to prevent recurrence of PTE from the thrombosis that was resistant to therapy. In-111-labeled platelet scintigraphy (platelet scintigraphy) showed abnormal uptake of platelets in the chest, femoral veins and abdomen, which suggested active thrombus formation in those regions, including the filter, and a risk of recurrent PTE. Therefore, the thrombolytic therapy was terminated and the anticoagulant therapy intensified. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed thrombus at the filter, which was markedly decreased 1 month later on platelet scintigraphy. Pulmonary ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy revealed remarkable improvement of the PTE. In this case, platelet scintigraphy complemented CT in demonstrating the activity and localization of the thrombus and can be used to evaluate the risk of recurrence during thrombolytic therapy after insertion of a filter.
Transmission voltage recovery delayed by stalled air conditioner compressors (1992)

Southern California Edison Company (SCE) has experienced delayed voltage recovery following fault clearing on the transmission system. The authors describe these occurrences and document the studies which successfully modeled the voltage recovery process. The studies showed how the stalling of single-phase air conditioner compressors following a power system fault was the root cause of delayed voltage recovery. Tests of air conditioner response to voltage dips are documented. The results of these tests are used to derive the mathematical load models used in voltage recovery studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Femtosecond studies of protein–ligand hydrophobic binding and dynamics: Human serum albumin (2000)

In this contribution, we report studies of the nature of the dynamics and hydrophobic binding in protein-ligand complexes of human serum albumin with 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyloxazole. With femtosecond time resolution, we examined the orientational motion of the ligand, its intrinsic nuclear motions, and the lifetime changes in the hydrophobic phase. For comparisons, with similar but chemical nanocavities, we also studied the same ligand in micelles and cyclodextrins. The hydrophobic interactions in the binding crevice are much stronger than those observed in cyclodextrins and micelles. The confined geometry restrains the nonradiative decay and significantly lengthens the excited-state lifetime. The observed dynamics over the femtosecond-to-nanosecond time scale indicate that the binding structure is rigid and the local motions of the ligand are nearly "frozen" in the protein. Another major finding is the elucidation of the directed dynamics by the protein. Proton transfer and intramolecular twisting of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyloxazole were observed to evolve along two routes: one involves the direct stretching motion in the molecular plane (approximately 200 fs) and is not sensitive to the environment; the second, less dominant, is related to the twisting motion (approximately 3 ps) of the two heterocyclic rings and drastically slows down in the protein hydrophobic pocket.