gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second language idiom learning: The effects of lexical knowledge and pedagogical sequencing (2011)

This article examines the acquisition of Spanish idioms in a classroom setting that was supplemented with explicit instruction over a 10-week period. The research design manipulated two variables: prior lexical knowledge and idiom organization. Sixty-five second language (L2) learners completed pre- and posttests that measured their ability to recognize and produce the target idioms, as well as a vocabulary test to control for lexical knowledge. Participants in the experimental groups received contextualized idiom presentation that encouraged noticing, retrieving, and generating (Nation, 2001). The results indicate significant treatment effects, although no significant advantage was found for the thematic grouping of idioms. The results also show a significant effect for prior lexical knowledge on one of the dependent variables. These findings are discussed in relation to prior studies of idiom learning from a cognitive linguistics perspective (Boers et al., 2007) as well as psycholinguistic studies that emphasize the salience of literal meanings (Cieślicka, 2006).
Pressure regulation with kick attenuation in a managed pressure drilling system (2009)

This paper presents a switched control scheme for regulation of the annular pressure in a well during drilling. The main feature is automatic kick attenuation while drilling reservoir sections. A simple mathematical model is presented that captures the dominant phenomena of the drilling system and forms the basis for observer and control design. A switched pressure control algorithm for feedback control of the choke valve opening and the back-pressure pump is proposed, and asymptotic stability properties are established. Kick attenuation is guaranteed for a set of reservoir models, including the most common ones. As part of the control scheme, novel observers for estimation of the flow rate through the bit and kick/loss detection are developed. Simulation results obtained with a high fidelity drilling simulator are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed switched control scheme.
Effects of felbamate and other anticonvulsant drugs in two models of status epilepticus in the rat. (1993)

Felbamate was compared with several antiepileptic drugs for protective effects in two rat models of status epilepticus. Felbamate was ten times more potent against pilocarpine-induced seizures in lithium-treated rats than in lithium-free animals. Diazepam, valproate and phenobarbital were effective in both the high dose pilocarpine and lithium-pilocarpine models. On the other hand, phenytoin was ineffective in both models, whereas carbamazepine displayed protective effects only in the lithium-pilocarpine model.
Cytochrome P450 Pharmacogenetics in Drug Development: In Vitro Studies and Clinical Consequences (2002)

Members of the human cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily play a role in the metabolism of many drugs and several of them, CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, have been shown to be polymorphic as a result of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), gene deletions, and gene duplications. These polymorphisms can impact the pharmacokinetics (PK), metabolism, safety and efficacy of drugs, and because of the availability of automation, genotyped human tissue, recombinant CYP preparations (rCYPs) and reagents, most pharmaceutical companies have increasingly screened out compounds that are metabolized solely by polymorphic CYPs. In the absence of suitable animal models, it has been widely accepted that such in vitro data are useful because one can obtain information prior to dosing in man and select the most appropriate clinical studies with prospectively genotyped and phenotyped subjects. Overall, current trends in the industry have been fueled by increased managed healthcare, the desire to minimize the need for therapeutic drug monitoring and CYP genotyping in medical practice, and a very competitive market place. In the past, such paradigms have not been as influential and there are numerous examples of marketed drugs that are metabolized by polymorphic CYPs.
Modeling of a Wedge Clutch in an Automatic Transmission (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A wedge clutch with a wedge ramp transfers the tangential force to an axial force. It has unique features of self-reinforcement and small actuation force, and can be packaged into tight spaces. This wedge clutch can be developed to apply to an automatic transmission (AT) or a hybrid transmission.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper focuses on the simulation of one wedge clutch in AT during shifting. A mathematical formula is given to describe the self-reinforcement principle of the wedge. The dynamic model of a motor actuated wedge clutch during shifting is built to simulate and develop the control algorithm. The model is implemented in Matlab/Simulink, which includes a DC motor model, a dynamic model of the wedge mechanism and clutch pack, and a driveline model of AT which can simulate a gear shift process.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The key characteristics such as variation of normal pressure, response time and energy consumption are evaluated, and the results show a favorable comparison with the traditional hydraulic clutch.</div></div>
[Clinical significance of KiSS-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in trophoblasts of women with preeclampsia and their relation to perinatal outcome of neonates]. (2005)

The expression imbalance of MMP-9 and KiSS-1 in trophoblasts may play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, and correlate to perinatal outcome of neonates.
When mRNA translation meets decay (2017)

Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and mRNA degradation are important determinants of protein output, and they are interconnected. Previously, it was thought that translation of an mRNA, as a rule, prevents its degradation. mRNA surveillance mechanisms, which degrade mRNAs as a consequence of their translation, were considered to be exceptions to this rule. Recently, however, it has become clear that many mRNAs are degraded co-translationally, and it has emerged that codon choice, by influencing the rate of ribosome elongation, affects the rate of mRNA decay. In this review, we discuss the links between translation and mRNA stability, with an emphasis on emerging data suggesting that codon optimality may regulate mRNA degradation.
Collinear interferometer with variable delay for carrier-envelope offset frequency measurement (2009)

We demonstrate a novel scheme for measuring the carrier-envelope offset frequency in a femtosecond optical frequency comb. Our method is based on a common-path interferometer with a calcite Babinet-Soleil compensator employed to control the delay between the two interfering beams of pulses. The large delay range (up to 8 ps) of our device is sufficient for systems that rely on spectral broadening in microstructured fibers. We show an experimental proof that the stability of a common-path arrangement is superior to that of the standard interferometers.
Abortive Infection of Mumps Virus in Murine Cell Lines (1984)

Infection of L929 or BW5147 cells with mumps virus was shown to result in an abortive type of infection in that little or no progeny virus was produced. Both cell lines could adsorb mumps virus, indicating that restricted viral growth in these cells was not attributable to the absence of mumps virus receptors. Using [35S]methionine-labelled virus, it was demonstrated that restriction of virus growth in BW5147 cells was due in part to inefficient virus penetration into the cells. Virus-specific polypeptides were synthesized in mumps virus-infected L929 cells but were not detected in infected BW5147 cells. After addition of actinomycin D or anti-interferon serum to the cultures, mumps virus was able to replicate in L929 cells, whereas no virus growth was apparent in BW5147 cells.
Expression of Insulin Receptor Isoform A and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor in Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Effect of the Dual-Receptor Inhibitor BMS-536924 <i>In vitro</i> (2009)

The insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) are receptor tyrosine kinases that participate in mitogenic and antiapoptotic signaling in normal and neoplastic epithelia. In the present study, immunoblotting and reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated expression of IGF1R and IR isoform A in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell lines as well as in >80% of clinical AML isolates. Treatment with insulin enhanced signaling through the Akt and MEK1/2 pathways as well as survival of serum-starved AML cell lines. Conversely, treatment with BMS-536924, a dual IGF1R/IR kinase inhibitor that is undergoing preclinical testing, inhibited constitutive receptor phosphorylation as well as downstream signaling through MEK1/2 and Akt. These changes inhibited proliferation and, in some AML cell lines, induced apoptosis at submicromolar concentrations. Likewise, BMS-536924 inhibited leukemic colony formation in CD34+ clinical AML samples in vitro. Collectively, these results not only indicate that expression of IGF1R and IR isoform A is common in AML but also show that interruption of signaling from these receptors inhibits proliferation in clinical AML isolates. Accordingly, further investigation of IGF1R/IR axis as a potential therapeutic target in AML appears warranted.
Targeting Prostaglandin E2 Receptors as an Alternative Strategy to Block Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent Extracellular Matrix-induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression by Macrophages (2005)

COX-2-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis regulates macrophage MMP expression, which is thought to destabilize atherosclerotic plaques. However, the administration of selective COX-2 inhibitors paradoxically increases the frequency of adverse cardiovascular events potentially through the loss of anti-inflammatory prostanoids and/or disturbance in the balance of pro- and anti-thrombotic prostanoids. To avoid these collateral effects of COX-2 inhibition, a strategy to identify and block specific prostanoid-receptor interactions may be required. We previously reported that macrophage engagement of vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) triggers proteinase expression through a MAPKerk1/2-dependent increase in COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis. Here we demonstrate that elicited macrophages express the PGE2 receptors EP1-4. When plated on ECM, their expression of EP2 and EP4, receptors linked to PGE2-induced activation of adenylyl cyclase, is strongly stimulated. Forskolin and dibutryl cyclic-AMP stimulate macrophage matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in a dose-dependent manner. However, an EP2 agonist (butaprost) has no effect on MMP-9 expression, and macrophages from EP2 null mice exhibited enhanced COX-2 and MMP-9 expression when plated on ECM. In contrast, the EP4 agonist (PGE1-OH) stimulated macrophage MMP-9 expression, which was inhibited by the EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208. When compared with COX-2 silencing by small interfering RNA or inhibition by celecoxib, the EP4 antagonist was as effective in inhibiting ECM-induced proteinase expression. In addition, ECM-induced MMP-9 expression was blocked in macrophages in which EP4 was silenced by small interfering RNA. Thus, COX-2-dependent ECM-induced proteinase expression is effectively blocked by selective inhibition of EP4, a member of the PGE2 family of receptors.
NMR studies of [U‐<sup>13</sup>C]cyclosporin A bound to human cyclophilin B (1991)

NMR data (1H and 13C chemical shifts, NOEs) on [U-13C]cyclosporin A bound to cyclophilin B were compared to previously published data on the [U-13C]CsA/CyPA complex [Fesik et al., (1991) Biochemistry 30, 6574-6583]. Despite only 64% sequence identity between CyPA and CyPB, the conformation and active site environment of CsA when bound to CyPA and CyPB are nearly identical as judged by the similarity of the NMR data.
Quantum-Noise Limited Distance Resolution of Optical Range Imaging Techniques (2008)

The most common optical distance imaging methods (triangulation, interferometry and time-of-flight ranging) can all be described in a unified way as linear shift-invariant systems in which the determination of distance corresponds to the measurement of a spatial or temporal phase. Since the ultimate precision of such a phase measurement is limited by quantum noise of the involved photons or photocharges, the eventual distance resolution of the three optical ranging methods depends in the same way on quantum noise. Evidence from literature supports our basic assertion that photon and photocharge numbers have a Poisson distribution under most experimental conditions. This allows us to derive our main result that the quantum-noise limited distance resolution of the three optical ranging methods is proportional to the inverse of the signal's modulation amplitude times the square root of the background level. The equation for the precision of the three optical distance measurement techniques contains the method's experimental parameters in a single factor, from which the optimum distance range of the three techniques can easily be deduced: 1 nm-1 mum for interferometry, 1 mum-10 m for triangulation, > 0.1 m for time-of-flight ranging, if visible or near infrared light is used.
Heteroaromatic 10-.pi.-electron systems. New s-triazolo-as-triazines with a bridgehead nitrogen atom (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeteroaromatic 10-.pi.-electron systems. New s-triazolo-as-triazines with a bridgehead nitrogen atomJ. Daunis, H. Lopez, and G. MauryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 6, 1018–1022Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00426a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (613 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Discovery and Pharmacological Evaluation of a Diphenethylamine Derivative (HS665), a Highly Potent and Selective κ Opioid Receptor Agonist (2012)

Here we report on the design, synthesis, and biological characterization of novel κ opioid (KOP) receptor ligands of diphenethylamines. In opioid receptor binding and functional assays, the N-cyclobutylmethyl substituted derivative 4 (HS665) showed the highest affinity and selectivity for the KOP receptor and KOP agonist potency. Compound 4 inhibited acetic acid induced writhing after subcutaneous administration in mice via KOP receptor-mediated mechanisms, being equipotent as an analgesic to the KOP agonist U50,488.
Theory of keyblock-based image retrieval (2002)

The success of text-based retrieval motivates us to investigate analogous techniques which can support the querying and browsing of image data. However, images differ significantly from text both syntactically and semantically in their mode of representing and expressing information. Thus, the generalization of information retrieval from the text domain to the image domain is non-trivial. This paper presents a framework for information retrieval in the image domain which supports content-based querying and browsing of images. A critical first step to establishing such a framework is to construct a codebook of "keywords" for images which is analogous to the dictionary for text documents. We refer to such "keywords" in the image domain as "keyblocks." In this paper, we first present various approaches to generating a codebook containing keyblocks at different resolutions. Then we present a keyblock-based approach to content-based image retrieval. In this approach, each image is encoded as a set of one-dimensional index codes linked to the keyblocks in the codebook, analogous to considering a text document as a linear list of keywords. Generalizing upon text-based information retrieval methods, we then offer various techniques for image-based information retrieval. By comparing the performance of this approach with conventional techniques using color and texture features, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the keyblock-based approach to content-based image retrieval.
Plasma exchange for renal disease: Evidence and use 2011 (2012)

Over the past 37 year the role of plasma exchange in the treatment of patients with renal disease has undergone several changes. The majority of the changes for the use of plasma exchange relied on randomized control trials and delineations of mechanisms that potentially would benefit from the use of plasma exchange. Over the past 11 years plasma exchange indications for renal disease, the absolute numbers have been relatively unchanged but the indications are quite different. The Canadian Apheresis Group indicated in 2010 that TTP/HUS is still the number 1 indication at 63% of the total plasma exchange activity for renal disease but P and C ANCA Vasculitis had risen to 14% followed by renal transplant at 10%, Goodpasture's Syndrome at 6% and transplant FSGS at 5% with Cryoglobulinemia 2% and Myeloma Nephropathy had dropped dramatically to less than 1% with no cases of SLE reported. This report describes the most common indications for plasma exchange in patient's with renal disease and the evidence that supports it's use in 2011.
A purification strategy for the production of clinical grade monoclonal antibodies. (1990)

A strategy for the purification of murine IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is described. It consists of a combination of protein A affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. The method was used for the purification of two MAbs, WT31 and MN12. After in vitro cultivation in the presence of foetal bovine serum, the medium components were efficiently removed from the MAbs, yielding clinical grade products. Automated purification under aseptic conditions was effectuated by employing a computer-controlled four-column system.
Highlights in opioid agonists and antagonists (2006)

This review highlights new insights in to opioid agonists and antagonists, focusing on their mechanism of action with spinal and systemic administration, chronic use and main adverse effects. Short-cuts on some opioid agonists and antagonists of clinical interest are also presented, revealing potential clinical implications and future clinical directions as part of multimodal analgesia.
Physical Activity, Exercise, and Inflammatory Markers in Older Adults: Findings from The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study (2004)

Inflammatory markers are lower in older adults with higher levels of exercise and nonexercise activity and in antioxidant supplement users regardless of exercise level.
Molecular characterization and functional analysis of the major autolysin of Staphylococcus aureus 8325/4 (1995)

The gene encoding the major autolysin of Staphylococcus aureus 8325/4 has been cloned, sequenced, and insertionally inactivated. The three-domain, 137,384-Da protein has a C-terminal glucosaminidase active site and is involved in cell separation, generalized cell lysis, and release of wall material at the cell surface. Expression occurs throughout growth and is stimulated by low temperatures and in the presence of 1 M NaCl.
Development of High Volume Fly Ash and/ or Slag Modified Concrete and Geopolymer Concrete as Sustainable Construction Materials (2011)

Although cement constitutes only about 10% to 15% of the total weight of concrete, it accounts for 6% of global CO2 emissions. The other emissions from cement plants are: particulate matter, CO, NOx, SOx, total hydrocarbon, and the major wastes are cement kiln dust and water. Unfortunately cement is also an energy intensive material as 1 metric tonne of cement requires 1 million MJ of energy. Therefore, a large reduction in cement content in concrete by replacing it with other cementitious materials can make concrete a greener and sustainable material. Industrial by-products such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (slag) are routinely used as cement replacement materials; but the replacement typically does not exceed 40% (by mass of cement). Also, recently fly ash produced from coal-fired power plants has been proposed to be declared as a hazardous waste under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), restricting its disposal as landfill. Considering all these factors, we produced and evaluated a number of high-strength and durable concretes by replacing cement by large volumes of fly ash from 40% to 70%; and also a group of concretes using 100% fly ash, 100% slag, and 50% fly ash+ 50% slag (no portland cement) all with geopolymer binder. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of the beneficial use of including 40% to 100% fly ash and/or slag to produce sustainable, green, and durable concretes.;This study included evaluations of compressive strengths from 3 days to 90 days; and durability parameters such as freeze-thaw, free shrinkage, and rapid chloride permeability. Isothermal calorimetry test was conducted to characterize the early hydration reaction of these materials up to 96 hours per ASTM C 1679-09. Leaching tests were performed according to EPA TCLP 1311 on pure fly ash, pure slag, sand, limestone, crushed concretes containing fly ash and/or slag, geopolymer concretes containing fly ash and/or slag at to examine the effectiveness of containment of the heavy metal ions present in fly ash and/or slag within these concretes. The Ecological Toxicity potential was calculated and compared among different concretes. Finally, BEES 4.0 software was used to conduct the life-cycle cost (LCC), life-cycle assessment (LCA) of these concrete products.;Results showed that properly designed high volume fly ash and/or slag modified concretes and geopolymer modified concretes can produce high-strength and durable materials. The leaching tests showed that these concretes also can
Pose Tracking of Moving Sensor using Monocular Camera and IMU Sensor (2021)

Pose estimation of the sensor is important issue in many applications such as robotics, navigation, tracking, and Augmented Reality. This paper proposes visual-inertial integration system appropriate for dynamically moving condition of the sensor. The orientation estimated from Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor is used to calculate the essential matrix based on the intrinsic parameters of the camera. Using the epipolar geometry, the outliers of the feature point matching are eliminated in the image sequences. The pose of the sensor can be obtained from the feature point matching. The use of IMU sensor can help initially eliminate erroneous point matches in the image of dynamic scene. After the outliers are removed from the feature points, these selected feature points matching relations are used to calculate the precise fundamental matrix. Finally, with the feature point matching relation, the pose of the sensor is estimated. The proposed procedure was implemented and tested, comparing with the existing methods. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the technique proposed in this paper.