gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shape from texture using local spectral moments (1995)

Presents a non-feature-based solution to the problem of computing the shape of curved surfaces from texture information. First, the use of local spatial-frequency spectra and their moments to describe texture is discussed and motivated. A new, more accurate method for measuring the local spatial-frequency moments of an image texture using Gabor elementary functions and their derivatives is presented. Also described is a technique for separating shading from texture information, which makes the shape-from-texture algorithm robust to the shading effects found in real imagery. Second, a detailed model for the projection of local spectra and spectral moments of any surface reflectance patterns (not just textures) is developed. Third, the conditions under which the projection model can be solved for the orientation of the surface at each point are explored. Unlike earlier non-feature-based, curved surface shape-from-texture approaches, the assumption that the surface texture is isotropic is not required; surface texture homogeneity can be assumed instead. The algorithm's ability to operate on anisotropic and nondeterministic textures, and on both smooth- and rough-textured surfaces, is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies against Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Their Application to Radioimmunoassay and Passive Immunization* (1990)

Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed toward brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), KY-BNP-I and KY-BNP-II, have been produced. Both mAbs against BNP possessed high affinities for BNP, with association constants (Ka) of 4.0 X 10(9) M-1 (KY-BNP-I) and 2.0 X 10(10) M-1 (KY-BNP-II). With these mAbs, specific RIAs for BNP have been established. The least detectable quantities of BNP were 5 pg/tube (KY-BNP-I) and 1 pg/tube (KY-BNP-II). Cross-reactivities of alpha-human and rat atrial natriuretic polypeptides were less than 0.001%. These RIAs detected BNP-like immunoreactivity (BNP-LI) not only in the porcine brain but also in the canine brain, with the highest concentration in the medulla oblongata. These RIAs also detected BNP-LI in both the porcine and canine hearts and in the porcine plasma. The iv pretreatment of purified mAb[KY-BNP-II] almost completely blocked the hypotensive action of iv administered BNP in rats, with the concomitant suppression of BNP-induced increase of the plasma cyclic GMP level. These results indicate that our mAbs against BNP will serve as a useful tool for the elucidation of the physiological and pathophysiological significance of BNP as a neuropeptide and as a hormone.
Pluronic‐grafted poly‐(<scp>L</scp>)‐lysine as a new synthetic gene carrier (2003)

Genes are attractive candidates as therapeutic agents, and the development of safe and effective gene carriers is essential for the success of human gene therapy. To develop a gene delivery vector that shows low cytotoxicity and high efficiency, we synthesized poly-L-lysine-g-pluronic by conjugating poly-L-lysine (PLL) to pluronic, which is partially functionalized with para-nitrophenyl carbonate groups, and evaluated for its efficiency as a possible nonviral gene carrier candidate. Structural analysis of synthesized polymer was performed by using 1H-NMR. Gel retardation assay, zeta potential and size measurement confirmed that the new gene carrier made a compact complex with plasmid DNA. pCMV-beta-gal was used as a reporter gene, and the in vitro transfection efficiency was measured in HeLa cells by using the o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside assay. The highest transfection efficiency among those tested was achieved at the 1:1 weight ratio of polymer:DNA, and a 3-fold increase in transfection efficiency was achieved by treatment of a lysosomotropic agent, chloroquine. Compared with unmodified PLL, PLL-g-pluronic showed about 2-fold increase in transfection efficiency with similar cytotoxicity specifically at the 1:1 weight ratio of polymer:DNA.
<title>Toward a handheld laser range scanner: integrating observation-based motion compensation</title> (1998)

Although laser range sensors based on sequential scanning can provide accurate measurements in stable operation, the recovered surface geometry becomes noisy and distorted when sensors are hand-held. To compensate for camera motion, some currently existing prototypes integrate a positioning device. Unfortunately, these may not be accurate and fast enough. To circumvent this problem, a method that can compensate for motion distortion is proposed. The principle consists in using the measured shape geometry as a reference frame in 3-D space. The method is based on the collection of a redundant set of crossing profiles. Each surface profile is measured in a very short period of time such that distortion of the profile is negligible. It is assumed that the perturbation error due to motion, affects inter-profile positioning only. Then, the set of rigid crossing profiles are fitted together by moving them such as to minimize the profile intersection spacings. Experiments show that errors in the geometry can be reduced to the order of magnitude of the sensor error. The method can be integrated in the design of a hand-held sensor or as a complementary post-processing stage for improving measurement accuracy when using a sensor positioning device.
New ideas for cylindrical pipe intakes can help reduce fish and larvae kills (1980)

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“ONE-POT” SYNTHESIS OF TRIARYL PHOSPHATES A REACTION CALORIMETRY APPROACH (1997)

Abstract Triaryl phosphates were obtained in yields ranging from 85–96× in a “one-pot” synthesis via an alkaline route: an ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide was added to a solution of substituted phenol in toluene. The mixture was distilled until all ethanol was removed. Phosphorus oxychloride was then added and the toluene was distilled. The triaryl phosphates were characterized by NMR (1H and 31P), MS and FTIR. The heat capacity (CP, the total heat transfer coefficient (U) and the reaction enthalpy (ΔH) were determined for the synthesis of tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl), tris(p-cresyl), tris(o-methoxyphenyl) and tris(p-nitrophenyl) phosphates.
Regioselective Ring Opening and Isomerization Reactions of 3,4-Epoxyesters Catalyzed by Boron Trifluoride (2011)

Efficient ring opening of 3,4-epoxyesters with alcohols to produce 4-alkoxy-3-hydroxyesters and their isomerization into 4-ketoesters using boron trifluoride as the catalyst are presented. Both transformations are simple and efficient methods for the synthesis of the above named synthetically useful compounds.
Central Tire Inflation: “A Giant Step Towards Soft Soil Mobility” (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The need for achieving maximum mobility for rubber tired vehicles in soft soil conditions is well known, but particularily acute for military vehicles. Once the appropriate ground pressure was established, a tire and wheel system had to be developed which could operate for long periods at low tire pressures which were needed to increase the area (footprint) of the tire in contact with the soil. Manually adjusting tire pressures proved to be very difficult and time consuming. An automatic Central Tire Inflation System is required in order for the operator to be able to accurately and consistently vary tire pressure while the vehicle is in operation.</div>
Peripheral vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis: role of the renin–angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems (1998)

We conclude that angiotensin II makes an important contribution to basal peripheral vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis in the face of reduced vascular responses to its local administration. In addition, the vasoconstrictor response to cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading is attenuated despite normal vascular responses to noradrenaline. These responses are consistent with chronic activation of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems in patients with advanced cirrhosis.
Accelerator-Driven Thorium Cycle: New Technology Makes It Feasible (2002)

We have developed a conceptual design for an accelerator-driven thorium cycle power reactor which addresses the issues of accelerator performance, reliability, and neutronics that limited earlier designs. The proton drive beam is provided by a flux-coupled stack of isochronous cyclotrons, occupying the same footprint as a single cyclotron but providing 7 independent beams from 7 separate accelerating structures within a common magnetic envelope. The core is arranged in a hexagonal lattice, and the 7 beams are used to provide a hexagonal drive beam pattern so that the effective neutron gain is relatively uniform over the entire core volume. Reliability is achieved by redundancy: if any drive beam is interrupted, the other 6 suffice to maintain reactor operation. A new approach to fuel cladding should make it possible to operate with lead moderator at temperatures {approx} 800 C, enabling access to advanced heat cycles and perhaps to a Brayton cycle for hydrogen production. (authors)
SV40 replication in human mesothelial cells induces HGF/Met receptor activation: A model for viral-related carcinogenesis of human malignant mesothelioma (2001)

Recent studies suggested that simian virus 40 (SV40) may cause malignant mesothelioma, although the pathogenic mechanism is unclear. We found that in SV40-positive malignant mesothelioma cells, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor (Met) was activated. In human mesothelial cells (HMC) transfected with full-length SV40 DNA (SV40-HMC), Met receptor activation was associated with S-phase entry, acquisition of a fibroblastoid morphology, and the assembly of viral particles. Coculture experiments revealed the ability of SV40-HMC to infect permissive monkey cells (CV-1), HMC, and murine BNL CL cells. Cocultured human and murine SV40-positive cells expressed HGF, showed Met tyrosine phosphorylation and S-phase entry, and acquired a spindle-shaped morphology (spBNL), whereas CV-1 cells were lysed. Cocultured HMC inherited from SV40-HMC the infectivity, as they induced lysis in cocultured CV-1 cells. Treatment with suramin or HGF-blocking antibodies inhibited Met tyrosine phosphorylation in all large T antigen (Tag)-positive cells and reverted the spindle-shaped morphology of spBNL. This finding indicated that Met activation and subsequent biological effects were mediated by an autocrine HGF circuit. This, in turn, was causally related to Tag expression, being induced by transfection with the SV40 early region alone. Our findings suggest that when SV40 infects HMC it causes Met activation via an autocrine loop. Furthermore, SV40 replicates in HMC and infects the adjacent HMC, inducing an HGF-dependent Met activation and cell-cycle progression into S phase. This may explain how a limited number of SV40-positive cells may be sufficient to direct noninfected HMC toward malignant transformation.
Modelling and optimizing software quality (1996)

Develops an optimization model to optimize software quality within budget and time limitations. Software quality is described through quality factors. This model assumes a non‐linear relationship between quality factors and the effort spent in the development phases. Enables a software manager to determine optimal levels of resource allocation to each of the phases of software development process to maximize the software quality subject to budget for time constraints. An illustrative example explains the application of this model. Also discusses sensitivity analysis of the model.
Documentary. Iowa—Developments—Resources (1869)

jANOAKT, took part of the same, that through death He might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil, and deliver them, who, throngh fear of tieatb, were all their lifetime subject to bondage."How is tbis accomplished!Answer-By removing tbe cause, "the sting of death, sin." 'Tis sin tbat fills tbe soul with terror at tbe thought of dying.Jesus Christ takes away sin."He shall save His people from their sins."Again: The Christian goes not alone-the Conqueror of death goes with him." Wben tbou passest through the waters, /will be with thee."To the ehristian, death is the end of trial and conflict, and the gate to endless joy.'Tis but as a tunnel through the mountains-a darkness comes over him for a moment, and theu light from the other side bursts upon him.The Christian is specially prepared for death.Dying grace is giveu, faith is quickened, ministering angels hover over the scene, loved ones gone before draw near, heaven is opened to the view, and the soul in triumph passes away.As we contemplate death, robbed of bis terrors-the conqneror of the race conquered by tbe Captain of onr salvation -as we behold him vanquished, disarmed, converted into a friend who ushers ns into the presence of loved ones, angels and God-may we not, even in this solemn presence, exclaim, " 0 death, where is thy sting Î O grave, where is thy victory ?The sting of death ia ain, but thanks be unto God who giveth us the victory throngh our Lord Jesus Christ."DOCUMESTARY.Iowa-Develop menta-Resonrces.BT SAMUEL MBKKILL, GOVEENOK.We publiEh the following official communication wiOi the ïiew oí giving it more perrasnency of préservation, and greater eoovenienec of référença for onr reaiiera limn it will find in th« newspftpers of the Slate iii whieli il liaa receivoi TBrj general publication-EHITOH.
Baked egg food challenges – clinical utility of skin test to baked egg and ovomucoid in children with egg allergy (2013)

A SPT of < 2 mm to muffin had a high negative predictive value to baked egg challenge. Ovomucoid SPT ≥ 11 mm was very likely to predict a reaction to baked egg. In these children, deferring the challenge would be appropriate.
The effect of undulating leading-edge modifications on NACA 0021 airfoil characteristics (2013)

In spite of its mammoth physical size, the humpback whale's manoeuvrability in hunting has captured the attention of biologists as well as fluid mechanists. It has now been established that the protrusions on the leading-edges of the humpback's pectoral flippers, known as tubercles, account for this species’ agility and manoeuvrability. In the present work, Prandtl's nonlinear lifting-line theory was employed to propose a hypothesis that the favourable traits observed in the performance of tubercled lifting bodies are not exclusive to this form of leading-edge configuration. Accordingly, a novel alternative to tubercles was introduced and incorporated into the design of four airfoils that underwent wind tunnel force and pressure measurement tests in the transitional flow regime. In addition, a Computation Fluid Dynamics study was performed using the Shear Stress Transport transitional model in the context of unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes at several attack angles. The results from the numerical investigation are in reasonable agreement with those of the experiments, and suggest the presence of features that are also observed in flows over tubercled foils, most notably a distinct pair of streamwise vortices for each wavelength of the tubercle-like feature.
Development of rare-earth-doped fibres and single-mode fibre lasers (1986)

Single-mode fibres containing several different rare-earth dopants have been fabricated. Characteristics of the fibres, including absorption and fluorescence spectra, fluorescence lifetimes and uniformity of dopant incorporation have been measured and the results obtained and their influence upon the performance of these fibres as fibre-lasers and amplifiers will be discussed. Use of these fibres as tunable CW lasers centred an 1.088µm (Nd<sup>3+</sup>-doped fibres) and 1.54µm (Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped) with tuning ranges of 80nm and 25nm respectively are described. High peak-power output pulses have also been obtained by operating fibre-lasers in a Q-switched mode, with maximum peak-power of 2W in a 1µs pulse for a 200Hz pulse repetition rate.
Nanoelectrospray Ion Mobility Spectrometry Online with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry for Sizing Large Proteins, DNA, and Nanoparticles (2008)

Recently it has been demonstrated that nanoelectrospray (nES) in conjunction with macro-ion mobility spectrometry (macroIMS) and condensed particle detection can be used to size various types of nanoparticles, including large biomolecules (proteins, DNA, etc.), having electrophoretic mobility diameters ranging from 3 nm to well over 100 nm. The technique is extremely sensitive; however, it lacks specificity as a result of the detector used. To explore the possibility to overcome this limitation, we demonstrate the direct coupling of the nES-macroIMS system to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS). Technical challenges involving the coupling of the air-based nES-macroIMS with the argon-based ICPMS are addressed and overcome. The resulting novel hyphenated technique is used to determine the elemental composition of nanoparticles resulting from the electrospraying of solutions containing inorganic salts and acids (CsI and dimethylarsinic acid). Even though the sensitivity of the used ICPMS does not allow for the simultaneous sizing of proteins and the determination of their metal, metalloid, or halogen content, we have shown that it is feasible to detect and accurately size proteins at femtomole levels by adding CsI to their solutions and detecting the resulting Cs adducts. This is also possible with DNA molecules. A linear relationship between protein amount and ICPMS response for (133)Cs(+) is observed, thus hinting at the possibility of further developing the technique for quantitative analysis of large biomolecules.
Mangnese Dioxide Nano-Crystal as Catalyst to Remove Formaldehyde (2011)

The purification technology and material of indoor formaldehyde is a hot spot in the field of material at present. In this paper, MnSO4, KMnO4, NaOH and H2O2 etc. are used to make manganese dioxide nanocrystal with the method of liquid precipitation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the structure and properties. The results show that the products are nano-crystals of γ- MnO2 and δ-MnO2. The catalyze oxidation of formaldehyde using bothγ- MnO2 and δ-MnO2 as catalysts was investigated; and acetyl acetone method was used to characterize formaldehyde chroma. The catalytic ability ofγ-MnO2 nanocrystal to catalyze formaldehyde oxidation is better than that ofδ-MnO2.
Spatial-phase code-division multiple-access system with multiplexed Fourier holography switching for reconfigurable optical interconnection (2000)

A new, to our knowledge, space-variant optical interconnection system based on a spatial-phase code-division multiple-access technique with multiplexed Fourier holography is described. In this technique a signal beam is spread over wide spatial frequencies by an M-sequence pseudorandom phase code. At a receiver side a selected signal beam is properly decoded, and at the same time its spatial pattern is shaped with a Fourier hologram, which is recorded by light that is encoded with the same M-sequence phase mask as the desired signal beam and by light whose spatial beam pattern is shaped to a signal routing pattern. Using the multiplexed holography, we can simultaneously route multisignal flows into individually specified receiver elements. The routing pattern can also be varied by means of switching the encoding phase code or replacing the hologram. We demonstrated a proof-of-principle experiment with a doubly multiplexed hologram that enables simultaneous routing of two signal beams. Using a numerical model, we showed that the proposed scheme can manage more than 250 routing patterns for one signal flow with one multiplexed hologram at a signal-to-noise ratio of ~5.
Advantage of Eu <sup>3+</sup> ‐Doped Polystyrene Microspheres Compared with Colloidal Gold Used in Immunochromatographic Assays for the Detection of Melamine in Milk (2017)

Colloidal gold and Eu<sup>3+</sup> -doped fluorescent microspheres were applied as labels to develop the immunochromatographic strips for detecting melamine in milk. Under the optimized condition, the visual detection limit of colloidal gold-immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) was 150 μg/L of melamine in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), although the visual detection limit of fluorescent nanoparticles (FN)-ICTS was 75 μg/L in PBS. As thermal acceleration test, FN-ICTS could be stored at 37 °C for at least 11 d before sample testing, but the color of the lines on colloidal gold-ICTS faded away after 7-d storage. The visual result of FN-ICTS was more stable than that of colloidal gold-ICTS, and the fluorescence intensity of the line on FN-ICTS could be maintained up to 30 d at 22 °C after sample testing. Once the immunochromatographic strips were used to detect melamine in milk, no negative effect of milk components on the performance of FN-ICTS was identified, whereas the performance of colloidal gold-ICTS was significantly influenced by milk matrix.
Induction of antibody responses to new B cell epitopes indicates vaccination character of allergen immunotherapy (1999)

Whether the modulation of antibody responses can contribute to the improvement of clinical symptoms in patients receiving allergen immunotherapy represents a controversial issue. We have used purified [seven recombinant (r) and one natural] timothy grass pollen allergens as well as recombinant B cell epitope-containing fragments of the major timothy grass pollen allergen, Phl p 1, to investigate humoral immune responses in eight allergic patients receiving grass pollen-specific immunotherapy. We found that the administration of aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed grass pollen extract induced complex changes in allergen/epitope-specific antibody responses: increases in IgG subclass (IgG1, IgG2, IgG4) responses against allergens recognized before the therapy were observed. All eight patients started to mount IgE and IgG4 responses to continuous Phl p 1 epitopes not recognized before the therapy and a de novo induction of IgE antibodies against new allergens was found in one patient. Evidence for a protective role of IgG antibodies specific for continuous Phl p 1 epitopes was provided by the demonstration that preincubation of rPhl p 1 with human serum containing therapy-induced Phl p 1-specific IgG inhibited rPhl p 1-induced histamine release from basophils of a grass pollen-allergic patient. Our finding that immunotherapy induced antibody responses against previously not recognized B cell epitopes indicates the vaccination character of this treatment. The fact that patients started to mount de novo IgE as well as protective IgG responses against epitopes may explain the unpredictability of specific immunotherapy performed with allergen extracts and emphasizes the need for novel forms of component-resolved immunotherapy.