gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The challenge of cellular cooperative ITS services based on 5G communications technology (2016)

We live at a time when the automotive industry is going through a technological revolution with the development of vehicles changing into autonomous moving objects having the properties of artificial intelligence. Additionally, cellular communications networks introduce new technologies and concepts: SDN (Software-defined networking), NFV (Network Functions Virtualization). These advanced software-defined communications networks virtualize network functions, allowing a new way of configuration, control and management. Increasing the speed and automation are key requirements to support the most demanding services such as mobile payment of contextual services, as well as the introduction of new “Machine” users. SDN also assists in the implementation of new infrastructure for the dynamic services that are based on the concepts of IoT, Big Data and Everything-as-a-Service. Using NFV enables the Internet of Things services that provide a new way of connecting people, processes, data and devices. It is precisely thes5G communications networkse requirements that are essential for the introduction of C-ITS systems, i.e., the integration of passengers, drivers, vehicles and transport infrastructure, as well as information, statistics, predictive traffic analytics, all this in real-time. Due to this trend of development of cellular communications networks in the next 5G communications networks, automotive and ITS traffic systems are becoming the most important market for business expansion of telecom operators. Such revolutionary technological changes, together with the integration of various industries entails a series of challenges. The aim of this paper is to define important information, challenges and opportunities for the telecom industry to provide mobility for people and goods.
Preparation of PVP coated Cu NPs and the application for low-temperature bonding (2011)

There is an increasing interest in developing a low temperature interconnection process using nanoparticles. Some studies focus on bonding using Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs). However, few studies investigate a bonding process using Cu nanoparticles (Cu NPs) due to the easy oxidation in air. Here we achieve a robust bonding of Cu wires to Cu pads with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated Cu NPs at a low temperature of 170 °C. The PVP coating can effectively prevent the oxidation of Cu NPs when heated in air. The bonding is formed through the sintering of Cu NPs and direct metallic bonding between the sintered Cu particles and Cu pads. Electrical measurements of the Cu NPs demonstrate that Cu NPs have a low resistivity of 8.6 × 10−5 Ω cm after being sintered under pressure. This method has the potential to be used in the electrical packaging industry due to its economic cost, easy operation, and high conductivity.
Collagen-Coated Ba <sup>2+</sup> -Alginate Microcarriers for the Culture of Anchorage-Dependent Mammalian Cells (1997)

Several types of microcarriers suitable for large-scale cultivation of mammalian cells are commercially available. However, many of these carriers have disadvantages, e.g., the need for enzymatic digestion for cell harvesting, size limitations and insufficient biocompatibility. These limitations have been overcome by the development of collagen-coated Ba(2+)-alginate microcarriers. Ba(2+)-alginate microspheres, made with the air-jet droplet generator technique, were collagen-coated by incubation in a 0.5% collagen solution, with subsequent gelling of the collagen layer around the alginate microspheres. Human chang liver (CCL-13) and mouse fibroblast (L929) cell lines were cultivated in stationary, unstirred cultures as model systems. After a lag phase of nearly 24 h, the cells grew rapidly on these microcarriers and reached confluence after 3 days. The microcarrier cultures were stable for an additional 4-9 days and longer. Cells were harvested either by trypsinization or by dissolution of the alginate matrix using 5 mM EDTA. The main advantages of this new microcarrier system are that the preparation procedure is easy and can be accomplished on demand with standard laboratory equipment.
A Very Short and Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Access to the 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazine Structure. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE FOLLOWING SMALL BOWEL TRANSPLANTATION (1996)

Acute cell mediated graft rejection is frequently associated with an immune response dominated by cytokines like IL-2 and IFNgamma. While small bowel grafts are rejected acutely, there is little information on the type of immune response generated following transplantation and, in particular, whether the cytokine profile resembles that seen during the rejection of other solid organ grafts. In this paper we compare the expression of cytokines in isolated gut tissue following experimental small bowel transplantation with that in heart grafts. Heterotopic small bowel (n=32) and cardiac (n=32) transplants were performed using the following rat strain combinations: syngeneic Lewis (Lew) > Lew (n=8), blood group D Agouti (DA) > Lew (n=8) and allogeneic Lew > DA (n=8), DA > Lew (n=8). Two rats from each group were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, or 7 days after transplantation. RNA was prepared separately from gut wall, after removing the Peyer's patches (PPs) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and from heart. Cytokine (IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IFNgamma) transcripts were analyzed using semiquantitative RT-PCR. Most notably, transcripts of only a single cytokine, IFNgamma, became progressively elevated with time in the rejecting small bowel grafts. This is in marked contrast to the findings presented here for rat cardiac grafts in which transcripts of all cytokines tested show an increase with rejection. This significant and steady increase in IFNgamma expression occurred before there was any clinical or histological evidence of rejection. These data demonstrate that the mechanisms of rejection in small bowel and other solid organ grafts are likely to be different. Further, the unique rise in IFNgamma expression in the gut wall may be a valuable and early indicator of graft rejection.
Fenretinide: induction of apoptosis and endogenous transforming growth factor beta in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. (1997)

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR, Fenretinide) is a retinoid derivative with antineoplastic activity in various tumor types including prostate carcinoma. The mechanism of action of 4-HPR toxicity is unknown. 4-HPR induces apoptosis in leukemia- and lymphoma-derived cells, neuroblastoma, and small cell lung cancers. The present study was designed to investigate: (a) the mechanism of 4-HPR cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells; and (b) correlate increased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) with induction of apoptosis. 4-HPR exposure to PC-3 cells in vitro was associated with apoptosis as evidenced by increased incidence of hypodiploid nuclei in propidium iodide fluorescence histograms and DNA fragmentation. An increase in the percentage of nuclei in the G1 phase of the cell cycle preceded induction of apoptosis. TGF beta 1-increased expression was noted in mRNA levels and in secretion of active TGF beta 1 into culture media. TGF beta 1 and TGF-beta receptor type II detected immunohistochemically were increased in 4-HPR-treated PC-3 cells. Furthermore, 4-HPR-induced cytotoxicity in PC-3 cells was abrogated by the addition of anti-TGF beta 1 antibody. In BT-20 cells, a 4-HPR-resistant breast carcinoma cell line, apoptosis was not observed after exposure to 4-HPR nor was TGF beta 1 expression enhanced in stained cells or in conditioned media. It is concluded that 4-HPR induces the expression of TGF beta 1 in association with the induction of apoptosis.
PRODUCTION OF PCB01, A PLASMID FOR DNA IMMUNIZATION AGAINST THE ADHESIN OF ESCHERICHIA COLI K88AB (2001)

Growth characteristics and plasmid yields of Escherichia coli JM109 transformed with pCB01, a plasmid that encodes genes for the fimbrial adhesin of E. coli K88ab and for ampicillin resistance, grown in two culture media in agitated flasks and in fermentor, are reported. The rate of plasmid loss during growth was estimated by the differential counts in media with and without ampicillin. Plasmid yields of cultures grown in flasks varied from 0.9 to 67 µg/ml of medium, while those grown in fermentor attained 62 µg/ml of medium after 8 hours of culture. Plasmid bearing cells were outgrown by plasmid free cells in proportions varying from 5 to 1.2 non-transformed for each transformed cell during growth. Generation times of total population and plasmid bearing cells were 33 and 61 minutes, and 36 and 121 minutes, for fermentor and flask grown cultures, respectively. The same culture grown in fermentor and in flasks produced 62 and 33 µg of plasmid DNA per ml of medium, respectively. Bacterial concentrations and plasmid yields were higher in BHI than in LB medium. Yields of plasmid DNA obtained from the same batch were 1,7 times higher with cesium chloride-ethidium bromide gradients than with commercial columns.
A TCP Authentication Option Extension for NAT Traversal (2013)

This document describes an extension to the TCP Authentication Option
(TCP-AO) to support its use over connections that pass through Network
Address Translators and/or Network Address and Port Translators
(NATs/NAPTs). This extension changes the data used to compute traffic
keys, but it does not alter TCP-AO's packet processing or key
generation algorithms.
LXXVIL.—The melting-point curves of the mono-basic fatty acids (1931)

A. M. King and W. E. Garner, J. Chem. Soc., 1931, 578 DOI: 10.1039/JR9310000578
EVALUATION OF THE CONSTRAINTS TO PROFITABLE SMALLHOLDER DAIRYING: A CASE OF NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA (2010)

The Kenya dairy sub-sector has been undergoing developments since the 1980s, these has been in the areas of adoption of intensive dairy farming especially zero grazing. There have been concerted efforts to commercialize the sub-sector so as to make it more profitable to farmers, especially smallholder farmers. Despite the development, the profitability in the sector has not been consistent among the smallholder farmers; some farmers realize very dismal profits and even losses. The causes of the varying profits have not been empirically established with the influence of institutional arrangements and financial factors contributing to this inconsistency not fully established. The main objective of this study was to establish the critical institutional arrangements and financial factors that constrain the profitability of small-holder dairy farmers in Nakuru County. A sample of 129 smallholder dairy farmers was selected from Rongai, Baruti, Ngata and Mbogoini divisions of the County. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents and the data was collected by the use of structured interview schedules administered by enumerators. The work employed the Data Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers, and the Frontier Model was used to establish the factors that constrain profit efficiency. The data was processed using STATA and DEA frontier packages. The mean efficiency according to the results was 86%. The factors that were significant in explaining profitability efficiency according to the frontier results were: feeding systems (-0.38), breed type (-0.11), gender (0.37), debt amount (-0.0002) and debt asset ratio (21.43). Issues of trust were also found to have effect on profitability, and they included trust on local buyer price (0.52), trust on institutional buyer unit of measure (-0.1.77), and trust on middlemen unit of measurement (-0.05). The positive sign signifies that the factor increases profit inefficiency while the negative sign indicates that the factor reduces profit inefficiency. These findings will be useful to the stakeholders of the dairy industry sub sector to formulate policy pertaining to dairy enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also provide smallholder dairy farmers with a package of critical factors to enhance and stabilize their profitability
Acceleration of experimental lapine osteoarthritis by calcium pyrophosphate microcrystalline synovitis (1995)

The data demonstrate a worsening effect of chronic CPPD crystal-induced synovitis on experimental OA produced in the rabbit knees by PLM/LS, and support a possible role for CPPD microcrystalline inflammation in the progression of OA lesions in clinical CPPD crystal deposition disease.
Chinese College Students’ Perceptions of Characteristics of Excellent Teachers (2014)

We employed the Teacher Behavior Checklist (TBC) to investigate Chinese college students’ perceptions of excellent teachers’ qualities and then compared the results to those from previously collected data from American and Japanese students. Chinese students tended to favor additional structure both in the classroom and in teachers’ roles than either Japanese or American students. Teachers wishing to use the TBC to improve teaching quality should carefully consider subtle cultural differences that influence students’ perceptions of their teachers.
Cross-resistance to different aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer treatment. (1999)

Recent studies have documented the biochemical and clinical efficacy of novel aromatase inhibitors. These drugs belong to one of two classes: non-steroidal and steroidal drugs, known to be different with respect to enzyme binding site and their effect on the aromatase enzyme. Several studies have now confirmed a lack of complete cross-resistance to drugs of the two classes. While some of these observations may be explained by a more potent aromatase inhibition caused by some aormatase inhibitors compared to others, this is not always the case. Such observations therefore focus on the importance of alternative mechanism of action like a differential influence on the intratumour aromatase enzyme by the different drugs. Current and future studies should aim at exploring the mechanism of cross-resistance and evaluate optimal use of different aromatase inhibitors in sequence or probably, also in concert.
NGF-evoked sensitization of muscle fascia nociceptors in humans (2012)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces local hyperalgesia for a few days after intramuscular injection, but longer-lasting muscle pain upon systemic administration. As the muscle fascia is densely innervated by free nerve endings, we hypothesized a lasting sensitization of fascia nociceptors by NGF. We administered 1 μg NGF (dissolved in 100 μL saline) ultrasound-guided to the fascia of the Musculus erector spinae muscle at the lumbar level of 14 male volunteers and assessed hypersensitivity after 6 hours, and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Pain upon mechanical stimuli (constant pressure and dynamic impact), upon exercise and electrically induced M. erector spinae contraction, and upon injection of 100 μL phosphate buffer pH4 (at day 7 and 14 only) to the fascia of both NGF- and saline-treated muscles, was investigated. Injections into the muscle fascia did not cause acute pain. Local heat pain thresholds were unchanged following NGF and saline (control) administration. NGF evoked a lasting (days 1-7) and significant reduction of pressure pain, pressure thresholds, exercise-evoked muscle pain, and hyperalgesia to impact stimuli (12 m/s). Pain upon injected protons was significantly elevated (P<0.04) for 2 weeks. NGF induced a sensitization of the muscle fascia to mechanical and chemical stimuli lasting for up to 2 weeks. As nociceptors in the fascia appear to be particularly prone to sensitization, they may contribute to acute or chronic muscle pain.
Comparison of mechanisms of action of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist cetrorelix and LHRH agonist triptorelin on the gene expression of pituitary LHRH receptors in rats (2001)

The mechanisms through which luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonists suppress pituitary gonadotroph functions and LHRH-receptor (LHRH-R) expression are incompletely understood. Consequently, we investigated the direct effect of LHRH antagonist cetrorelix in vitro on the expression of the pituitary LHRH-R gene and its ability to counteract the exogenous LHRH and the agonist triptorelin in the regulation of this gene. We also compared the effects of chronic administration of cetrorelix and triptorelin on the LHRH-R mRNA level and gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized (OVX) and normal female rats. The exposure of pituitary cells in vitro to 3-min pulses of 1 nM LHRH or 0.1 nM triptorelin for 5 h increased the LHRH-R mRNA level by 77-88%. Continuous perfusion of the cells with 50 nM cetrorelix did not cause any significant changes, but prevented the stimulatory effect of LHRH pulses on the receptor mRNA expression. In OVX rats, 10 days after administration of a depot formulation of cetrorelix, releasing 100 microg of peptide daily, the elevated LHRH-R mRNA level was decreased by 73%, whereas daily injection of 100 microg of triptorelin caused a 41% suppression. In normal female rats, cetrorelix treatment suppressed the LHRH-R mRNA level by 33%, but triptorelin increased it by 150%. The highly elevated serum LH levels in OVX rats and the normal LH concentration of cycling rats were rapidly and completely suppressed by cetrorelix. Triptorelin decreased the serum LH in OVX rats to the precastration level, but had no effect on basal LH in normal rats. Our results confirm that LHRH antagonists, such as cetrorelix, inhibit the gene expression of pituitary LHRH-R indirectly, by counteracting the stimulatory effect of LHRH. A rapid suppression of serum LH by LHRH antagonists would be advantageous in the treatment of sex hormone-dependent tumors and other conditions.
Learning Actor Relation Graphs for Group Activity Recognition (2019)

Modeling relation between actors is important for recognizing group activity in a multi-person scene. This paper aims at learning discriminative relation between actors efficiently using deep models. To this end, we propose to build a flexible and efficient Actor Relation Graph (ARG) to simultaneously capture the appearance and position relation between actors. Thanks to the Graph Convolutional Network, the connections in ARG could be automatically learned from group activity videos in an end-to-end manner, and the inference on ARG could be efficiently performed with standard matrix operations. Furthermore, in practice, we come up with two variants to sparsify ARG for more effective modeling in videos: spatially localized ARG and temporal randomized ARG. We perform extensive experiments on two standard group activity recognition datasets: the Volleyball dataset and the Collective Activity dataset, where state-of-the-art performance is achieved on both datasets. We also visualize the learned actor graphs and relation features, which demonstrate that the proposed ARG is able to capture the discriminative relation information for group activity recognition.
Saccharide Libraries as Potential Templates for Regio- and Chiroselective Introduction of Two Functional Groups into [60]Fullerene (1999)

This paper reports regio- and chiroselective introduction of two boronic acid groups into [60]fullerene controlled by a saccharide used as a template molecule. The double [4+2] cycloadditions between [60]fullerene and 1:2 saccharide-boronic acid complexes 6-9 afforded [60]fullerene-bisadducts 12. Their structures were identified on the basis of (1)H and (13)C NMR, UV-vis, and CD spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chiral HPLC analysis. When 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (4) was used as the template molecule, high regioselectivity was achieved which gave trans-4 isomer 12a as a main isomer in 72.5% yield. The chiro- as well as regioselective preparation of e isomer 12c was attained in 81.4% ee from the 55.7% yield racemic mixture by the reaction using the D-mannitol-3,4-carbonate template (3). When the enantiomers, D-threitol (D-2) and L-threitol (L-2) were used as the templates, cis-3 isomers 12b and ent-12b with opposite chirality were yielded in 44.2 and 45.2% ee, respectively. On the other hand, 1-O-methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside template (5) featured nonselective cycloaddition.
Skeletal muscle injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. (1995)

Although microvascular perfusion decreased quickly to a constant level after 2 hours of noflow ischemia plus reperfusion, a progressive increase in tissue injury occurred, which may correlate with the number of stuck leukocytes.
Case studies in fleet operation modelling: an application of AI scheduling techniques (1990)

This paper investigates the application of AI techniques to the area of distribution logistics; in particular, to the task of fleet operation modelling.
Measurement of GTP-Binding and GTPase Activity of Heterotrimeric Gα Proteins (2013)

Heterotrimeric G-proteins are important signaling intermediates in all eukaryotes. These proteins link signal perception by a cell surface localized receptor to the downstream effectors of a given signaling pathways. The minimal core of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex consists of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins. Signal transduction by heterotrimeric G-proteins is controlled by the distinct biochemical activities of Gα protein, which binds and hydrolyses GTP. Evaluation of the rate of GTP binding, the rate of GTP hydrolysis, and the rate of GTP/GDP exchange on Gα protein are required to better understand the mechanistic aspects of heterotrimeric G-protein signaling, which remains significantly limited for the plant G-proteins. Here we describe the optimized methods for measurement of the distinct biochemical activities of the Arabidopsis Gα protein.
Self-assembling β-Sheet Tape Forming Peptides (2006)

Biological proteins have intrinsically the ability to self-assemble, and this has been implicated in pathological situations called amyloid diseases. Conversely understanding protein self-assembly and how to control it can open up the route to new nanodevices and nanostructured materials for a wide range of applications in medicine, chemical industry and nanotechnology. Biological peptides and proteins have complex chemical structure and conformation. This makes it difficult to decipher the fundamental principles that drive their self-assembling behaviours. Here we review our work on the self-assembly of simple de novo peptides in solution. These peptides are designed so that: (i) the chemical complexity of the primary structure and (ii) the conformational complexity are both kept to a minimum. Each peptide adopts an extended β-strand conformation in solution and these β-strands self-assemble in one dimension to form elongated tapes as well as higher order aggregates with pure antiparallel β-sheet structure, without the presence of any other conformations such as turns, loops, α-helices or random coils. Experimental data of the self-assembling properties are fitted with an appropriate theoretical model to build a quantitative relationship between peptide primary structure and self-assembly. These simple systems provide us with the opportunity to reveal the generic properties of the pure β-sheet structures and expose the underlying physicochemical principles that drive the self-assembling behaviour of this biological motif.